Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal spectral sensitivity functions for a single-camera one-shot multispectral imaging system

Multispectral imaging is highly demanded for precise color reproduction and for various computer vision applications. Recently, a single-camera one-shot multispectral imaging (SCOS) system that uses a single image sensor equipped with a multispectral filter array (MSFA) has been proposed. In this paper, we develop optimal spectral sensitivity functions (SSFs) for the SCOS system, in which multispectral image quality depends strongly on the performance of multispectral demosaicking. First, we propose a simple optimization algorithm that can incorporate a high-performance multispectral demosaicking algorithm. Then, we experimentally demonstrate that the optimized SSFs by our proposed algorithm improve the performance of spectral reflectance estimation and the accuracy of color reproduction.
Epigenetic mechanisms for silencing glutathione S‐transferase m2 expression by hypermethylated specificity protein 1 binding in lung cancer

Glutathione S‐transferases M2 (GST‐M2) is a detoxifying enzyme. Low expression levels of GST‐M2 have been detected in lung cancer cells. However, little is known about the regulation of GST‐M2 in lung cancer cells. In this study, the authors investigated the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of GST‐M2 in lung cancer cells.
Differences in age and topographic distribution of the different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, Taubaté (SP), Brazil*

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of cancer in humans. OBJECTIVES To identify the epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma in Taubaté-SP and verify a possible association between topography and the different histological subtypes of this tumor. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at The University Hospital of Taubaté between 01/01/08 and 12/31/09. The study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, of both genders, without age restrictions. The variables studied were incidence of basal cell carcinoma, topography, histological subtype, skin color, age and gender. We employed the chi-square test to identify the association between histological subtype and topography, and the student's t test to compare the mean age of onset for the different histological subtypes. RESULTS The study included 239 individuals. The mean age of the sample was 68.0 years. Male subjects (57.7%) and whites (87.1%) predominated in the study. The predominant histological subtype was nodular (34.7%), followed by the superficial subtype. The most frequent sites of involvement were the head and neck (areas exposed to light), with predominance of the nasal region. The superficial subtype was an exception, as it showed a strong association with unexposed areas like the trunk. The mean age of onset of superficial basal cell carcinoma also differed from that of the other histological subtypes, 63.0 and 69.0 years, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest an association of the superficial histological subtype with younger patients and unexposed areas of the body, linking this type of tumor with a pattern of intermittent sun exposure, more similar to the standard photocarcinogenesis of melanoma.
Proposal of a model-based fault identification genetic technique for more-electric aircraft flight control EM actuators

In the last years, Electro-Mechanical Actuators (EMAs) are gradually replacing the older type of actuators based on the hydraulic power. In order to detect incipient failures due to a progressive wear of a primary flight command EMA, prognostics could employ several approaches; the choice of the best ones is driven by the efficacy shown in failure detection, since not all the algorithms might be useful for the proposed purpose. In other words, some of them could be suitable only for certain applications while they could not give useful results for others. Developing a prognosticalgorithm able to identify the precursors of the above mentioned EMAs faults and their degradation pattern is thus beneficial for anticipating the incoming failure and alerting the maintenance crew such to properly schedule the servomechanism replacement. The goal of this paper is to propose an innovative modelbased fault detection and identification (FDI) method, based on Genetic Algorithms (GA), able to identify symptoms alerting that an EMA component is degrading and will eventually exhibit an anomalous behavior; in particular four kinds of EMA progressive fault are considered: friction, backlash, coil short circuit and electronics fault of controller. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed technique, an appropriate simulation test environment wasdeveloped: in particular, two MATLAB Simulink models representing the real EMA and the corresponding monitor have been used to simulate failures and evaluate the accuracy of the FDI algorithm. The results showed an adequate robustness and confidence was gained in the ability to early identify an eventual EMA malfunctioning with low risk of false alarms or missed failures. This paper aims to be a starting point to future works based on this method for PHM applications.
Genetic analysis of leishmania parasites in Ecuador: are Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Leishmania (V.) Guyanensis distinct taxa?

In the course of an epidemiologic survey in Ecuador, the following collection of Leishmania stocks was isolated: 28 from patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis, 2 from sloths, 1 from a dog, and 4 from sand flies. For genetic characterization of these stocks, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used. Twenty six of the 35 stocks were identified as either Leishmania (V.) panamensis or L. (V.) guyanensis, 2 stocks were identified as L. (V.) braziliensis, the 2 stocks from sloths showed specific genotypes, and 5 stocks were characterized as hybrids between L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis. These data show that genetic diversity of Leishmania in Ecuador is high and that L. (V.) panamensis/guyanensis is the dominant group in this country. The genetic analysis questioned the distinctness between the two species L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis, since MLEE and RAPD data did not indicate that L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis correspond to distinct monophyletic lines. Population genetic analysis performed on the L. (V.) panamensis/guyanensis group favors the hypothesis of a basically clonal population structure.
Intrinsic resting‐state activity predicts working memory brain activation and behavioral performance

Although resting‐state brain activity has been demonstrated to correspond with task‐evoked brain activation, the relationship between intrinsic and evoked brain activity has not been fully characterized. For example, it is unclear whether intrinsic activity can also predict task‐evoked deactivation and whether the rest–task relationship is dependent on task load. In this study, we addressed these issues on 40 healthy control subjects using resting‐state and task‐driven [N‐back working memory (WM) task] functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected in the same session. Using amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) as an index of intrinsic resting‐state activity, we found that ALFF in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior/superior parietal lobules was positively correlated with WM task‐evoked activation, while ALFF in the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus was negatively correlated with WM task‐evoked deactivation. Further, the relationship between the intrinsic resting‐state activity and task‐evoked activation in lateral/superior frontal gyri, inferior/superior parietal lobules, superior temporal gyrus, and midline regions was stronger at higher WM task loads. In addition, both resting‐state activity and the task‐evoked activation in the superior parietal lobule/precuneus were significantly correlated with the WM task behavioral performance, explaining similar portions of intersubject performance variance. Together, these findings suggest that intrinsic resting‐state activity facilitates or is permissive of specific brain circuit engagement to perform a cognitive task, and that resting activity can predict subsequent task‐evoked brain responses and behavioral performance. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3204–3215, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PointCT: Point Central Transformer Network for Weakly-supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation

Although point cloud segmentation has a principal role in 3D understanding, annotating fully large-scale scenes for this task can be costly and time-consuming. To resolve this issue, we propose Point Central Transformer (PointCT), a novel end-to-end trainable transformer network for weakly-supervised point cloud semantic segmentation. Diver-gent from prior approaches, our method addresses limited point annotation challenges exclusively based on 3D points through central-based attention. By employing two embedding processes, our attention mechanism integrates global features across neighborhoods, thereby effectively enhancing unlabeled point representations. Simultaneously, the interconnections between central points and their distinct neighborhoods are bidirectional cohered. Position encoding is further applied to enforce geometric features and improve overall performance. Notably, PointCT achieves out-standing performance under various labeled point settings without additional supervision. Extensive experiments on public datasets S3DIS, ScanNet-V2, and STPLS3D demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approach over other state-of-the-art methods.
Jian-Pi-Gu-Shen-Hua-Yu Decoction Alleviated Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice through Reducing Ferroptosis

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the current treatment methods still cannot effectively halt the progression of DN. Jian-Pi-Gu-Shen-Hua-Yu (JPGS) decoction can be used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases such as DN, but the specific mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated yet. Purpose The aim of this study is to clarify whether JPGS alleviates the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting ferroptosis. Materials and Methods We established a DN mouse model to investigate the therapeutic effect of JPGS in a DN mouse model. Subsequently, we examined the effects of JPGS on ferroptosis- and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway-related indices. Finally, we validated whether JPGS inhibited ferroptosis in DN mice via the GPX4 pathway using GPX4 inhibitor and ferroptosis inhibitors. Results The results indicate that JPGS has a therapeutic effect on DN mice by improving kidney function and reducing inflammation. Additionally, JPGS treatment decreased iron overload and oxidative stress levels while upregulating the expression of GPX4 pathway-related proteins. Moreover, JPGS demonstrated a similar therapeutic effect as Fer-1 in the context of DN treatment, and RSL3 was able to counteract the therapeutic effect of JPGS and antiferroptotic effect. Conclusion JPGS has significant therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects on DN mice, and its mechanism is mainly achieved by upregulating the expression of GPX4 pathway-related proteins, thereby alleviating iron overload and ultimately reducing ferroptosis.
Effective Microbial Consortium of Bacteria Isolated from Hydrocarbon Polluted Soils of Gujarat, India

Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining a healthy ecological balance. Their ability to transform and degrading many types of pollutants have been widely recognized [1]. Several microorganisms may be involved in the reactions of biogeochemical cycles and in some cases they are the only living forms that are capable of degrading the complex elements of nature and regenerating a form that can be consumed by other organisms [2]. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that lack functional groups and thus make it a polar. They are chemically less reactive at room temperature [3]; and insoluble in water. In this study petroleum derivatives are taken into consideration as hydrocarbon source. Various community play vital role in degradation of hydrocarbon. Petroleum is a heterogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons including aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic in varying concentration depending upon the origin and nature. Henceforth, hydrocarbons term is used in general for the ease of discussion here. Hydrocarbons differ in their susceptibility to the microbial degradation, and are in general ranked as follows: Linear alkanes > branched alkanes > small aromatics > cyclic alkanes i.e., the simpler the structure, more the susceptibility to microbial attack [4]. Hydrocarbons are hazardous to plants and animals, are also known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and potent immuno-toxicants posing a serious threat to human and animal health [4]. Thus incorporation of hydrocarbons in natural environment is not desirable, makes its treatment and proper disposal inevitable. Various important processes influence the fate of hydrocarbons in nature, like sorption, volatilization, a biotic transformation (chemical or photochemical), and biotransformation. Since microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycles, the biotransformation is of major concern. The other method mentioned either just fixes or transports the contaminants or is not very effective in nature [2]. Biotransformation is a natural process, which can be used to solve environmental issues, the process then known as Bioremediation.
Imaging the Eastern Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt With Ambient Seismic Noise: Evidence for a Slab Tear

The eastern sector of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is an enigmatic narrow zone that lies just above where the Cocos plate displays a sharp transition in dipping angle in central Mexico. Current plate models indicate that the transition from flat to steeper subduction is continuous through this region, but the abrupt end of the TMVB suggests that the difference in subduction styles is more likely to be accommodated by a slab tear. Based on a high‐resolution shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy model of the region, we argue that a slab tear within South Cocos can explain the abrupt end of the TMVB. We also quantify the azimuthal anisotropy beneath each seismic station and present a well‐defined flow pattern that shows how mantle material is being displaced from beneath the slab to the mantle wedge through the tear in the subducted Cocos plate. We suggest that the toroidal mantle flow formed around the slab edges is responsible for the existence of the volcanic gap in central Mexico. Moreover, we propose that the temperature increase caused by the influx of hot, less dense mantle material flowing through the tear to the Veracruz area may have significant implications for the thermomechanical state of the subducted slab and explain why the intermediate‐depth seismicity ends suddenly at the southern boundary of the Veracruz basin. The composite mantle flow formed by the movement of mantle material through the slab tears in western and southern Mexico may be allowing the Cocos plate to roll back in segments.
Dynamic Skin Patterns in Cephalopods

Cephalopods are unrivaled in the natural world in their ability to alter their visual appearance. These mollusks have evolved a complex system of dermal units under neural, hormonal, and muscular control to produce an astonishing variety of body patterns. With parallels to the pixels on a television screen, cephalopod chromatophores can be coordinated to produce dramatic, dynamic, and rhythmic displays, defined collectively here as “dynamic patterns. ” This study examines the nature, context, and potential functions of dynamic patterns across diverse cephalopod taxa. Examples are presented for 21 species, including 11 previously unreported in the scientific literature. These range from simple flashing or flickering patterns, to highly complex passing wave patterns involving multiple skin fields.
Application of PCA and K-Means Clustering Methods to Identify Diabetes Mellitus Patient Groups Based on Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood that is high for a long period of time. Identification is the process of recognizing and determining the characteristics of a particular object or entity. hypertension (high blood pressure), smoking and lack of physical activity can affect the condition of diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, an approach is needed that can identify groups of diabetic patients based on their risk factors, so that appropriate management and treatment can be carried out. The purpose of this study is to apply PCA method by reducing data dimension to identify the linear combination of the most contributing risk factors in diabetes mellitus patient data and apply K-Means Clustering to cluster into groups based on similar risk factors. The methods to be used are Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Means Clustering. type of quantitative research, this research can be categorized as analytic research, variables are risk factors for diabetes mellitus disease. The results of research using the PCA (principal component analysis) method obtained 9 main components (PC) 86.9275%. correlation between attributes and principal components, then a matrix component is formed with a loading value that the greater the value, the stronger the correlation with the principal component formed with a cut off point of loading value> 0.4 regardless of positive and negative. By using the K-Means Clustering method, The clustering results obtained are divided into 3 groups of diabetes patients based on existing risk factors. Centroid C1 represents a group of diabetes mellitus patients whose condition is at a mild level, while Centroid C2 represents a group of diabetes mellitus patients who are at a moderate level, and Centroid C3 represents a group of patients with severe or dangerous diabetes mellitus.
Comparison of the effects of oral or subcutaneous carprofen or ketoprofen in rats undergoing laparotomy

Rats undergoing laparotomy received either carprofen (5 mg/kg) or ketoprofen (5 mg/kg) administered orally in flavoured gelatin, or by subcutaneous injection. A control group that received no analgesic showed a significant (3 per cent) fall in bodyweight (P=0.009) after laparotomy. This decrease was greater than that seen in the groups receiving carprofen (P=006) or ketoprofen (Pd=0012) administered subcutaneously, which continued to gain weight following surgery. All animals showed a significant fall in food consumption but this decrease was greater in the jelly alone group (47 per cent) than in the group receiving carprofen (17 per cent) (P=0.015) administered subcutaneously. A significant fall in water consumption occurred in the control group (40 per cent) and in animals that received oral carprofen (13 per cent) or ketoprofen (22 per cent). No significant decrease was seen in groups receiving either carprofen or ketoprofen administered subcutaneously (P>0.1). This study shows that a relatively simple surgical procedure results in a major reduction in food and water consumption in rats. This reduction can be minimised by the administration of ketoprofen or carprofen (5 mg/kg subcutaneously), but higher dose rates are required if these drugs are to be administered by the oral route.
Effects of scaling and root planing with or without a local drug delivery system on the gingival crevicular fluid leptin level in chronic periodontitis patients: a clinico-biochemical study

Purpose The present split mouth study evaluates the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) leptin level in chronic periodontitis. Methods Ninety sites from 30 nonobese chronic periodontitis patients were selected and divided as follows: group I, 30 healthy sites receiving no treatment; group II, 30 periodontitis sites receiving scaling and root planing (SRP); and group III, 30 periodontitis sites receiving SRP with tetracycline local drug delivery. At baseline, after GCF sampling and clinical parameter recording, the assigned treatment was performed for the study groups. During recall visits, GCF sampling followed by clinical parameter recording was done for groups II and III. Results Reductions in the probing depth and the clinical attachment level (CAL) were highly significant at different time intervals (except between day 0 and 45) in both groups II and III. Upon comparison, group III showed significant gain in CAL between day 0 and 15 and between day 0 and 45. After treatment, the reduction in the GCF leptin level was more significant in group III than in group II at day 15 but re-elevated almost to the pretreatment levels at day 45. Conclusions Nonsurgical periodontal therapies were not effective in maintaining stable reduction in the GCF leptin level during the study period. Graphical Abstract
Different effects of astrocytes and Schwann cells on regenerating retinal axons

Following a crush injury of the optic nerve in adult rats, the axons of retinal ganglion cells, stimulated to regenerate by a lens injury and growing within the optic nerve, are associated predominantly with astrocytes: they remain of small diameter (0.1–0.5 μm) and unmyelinated for ≥ 2 months after the operation. In contrast, when the optic nerve is cut and a segment of a peripheral nerve is grafted to the ocular stump of the optic nerve, the regenerating retinal axons are associated predominantly with Schwann cells: they are of larger diameter than in the previous experiment and include unmyelinated axons (0.2–2.5 μm) and myelinated axons (mean diameter 2.3 μm). Thus, the grafted peripheral nerve, and presumably its Schwann cells, stimulate enlargement of the regenerating retinal axons leading to partial myelination, whereas the injured optic nerve itself, and presumably its astrocytes, does not. The result points to a marked difference of peripheral (Schwann cells) and central (astrocytes) glia in their effect on regenerating retinal axons.
Pilot study comparing telephone to in-person delivery of cognitive-behavioural therapy for trauma-related insomnia for rural veterans

Introduction It is estimated that 70% of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have chronic insomnia. A recent meta-analysis examined cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in veterans with and without PTSD, and suggested that most studies had questionable methodology, but generally supported its effectiveness in this population. Further, while CBT-I via telehealth (i.e. using telecommunication and information technology to deliver health services) has shown effectiveness for primary insomnia, it has not been applied to PTSD-related insomnia. Methods Veterans with insomnia who were diagnosed with PTSD (n = 12) or having significant subthreshold PTSD symptoms (n = 6) on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale were randomly assigned to receive CBT-I in-person (n = 7) or by telephone (n = 11), to pilot test the potential effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of administering CBT-I in rural veterans. A six-week CBT-I protocol was delivered, and the veteran’s insomnia was assessed at post-treatment and follow-up. Results Given the small sample size, Cohen’s d was used to detect group differences, finding large effect sizes favouring the in-person delivery, until three-months post-treatment when this difference diminished. Most veterans found the treatment acceptable, regardless of mode of delivery. Based on the results, a larger project is feasible. Feasibility for a larger project is favourable. Discussion In summary, our findings uphold and extend previous research. Specifically, current pilot data suggest that telephone-delivered CBT-I may be able to reduce trauma-related insomnia symptoms. Future trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of CBT-I delivered to rural veterans with posttraumatic insomnia.