Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-weight scaling in healthy young and old adults

ii To my parents: Ron and Jenny Capper, for believing in me To Blake: for being there every step of the way iii ABSTRACT Visual analysis of an object's size can be used to determine the lifting forces we program to lift the object so that the resulting movements achieve the goals of the lift. These forces are scaled or specified prior to the object moving, that is, before sensory feedback information about the object's weight is available. Sensorimotor memories are relied on to provide relevant information about an object's density and weight if the object was previously manipulated. It is well established that young adults accurately scale their forces based on visual size cues. The purpose of this study was to determine if old adults scale their forces to the size of the object or if they rely on sensorimotor memory of the previous object's weight. There are reports of impaired visuomotor programing for grasp and lift in old adults. In the present study old and young subjects were required to lift four different sized bottles of constant density from a force plate and then place the object on a shelf. Two experiments were performed. Experiment one featured blocks of lifts for three bottles in the following order: large, small and medium. Experiment two took place fifteen minutes after experiment one and featured a bottle slightly larger than the medium bottle used at the end of the experiment one. The second experiment addressed whether imperceptible changes in size cause changes in predictive force scaling. Peak load force rate in the first force pulse (prior to lift-off) was measured for each lift of the objects with the focus being on the initial and last lift of each bottle. Both experiments presented a significant effect for bottle size on lift force rates. This result was found regardless of age. It provides additional support that young adults accurately scale their lift force rate based on the visual size cues of the object. Old adults iv also demonstrated scaling of their lift force rates based on bottle size which failed to support the hypothesis that old adults would merely reproduce their lift force rates from the previous lift with a different object. While both young and old scale lift forces to object size, the old demonstrated a trend for utilizing high lift force rates throughout the experiment as well as greater differences in …
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEWAJARAN HARGA, KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA RUMAH MAKAN „ANGKRINGAN CEKLI‟ KUDUS

This study aims to examine influence of price fairness, service quality, and product quality to consumer satisfactory in order to increase customer loyalty at Angkringan Cekli Restaurant, Kudus. After performing study of literature review and developing hipotheses, the data was collected by questionnaire method toward 100 customers of Angkringan Cekli Restaurant who are more than 16 years old which is obtained by using purposive sampling. Data was analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative analysis. A qualitative analysis covers of interpretation of data obtained in research and the result of data processing that have been implemented by giving a description and explanation. A quantitative analysis consist of validity and reliability test, the classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis testing via t test and F test, and analysis of coefficient of determination (R2). This test is used to be a model of regression produced is not biased. By using 2-stage regression through the software os Statistical Package os Social Science (SPSS) for windows, the results showed that the price fairness, service quality, and product quality have a significant and positive impact on customer satisfaction to increase customer loyalty. Of the four independent variables, showed that the price fairness is the greatest influence. Therefore, the implications suggested in this study requires Angkringan Cekli Restaurant to further maintain an inexpensive price first, and then improving service quality and product quality, so that it could create a high customer satisfaction and customer loyalty too
Survey Reproduction of Defect Reporting in Industrial Software Development

Context: Defect reporting is an important part of software development in-vivo, but previous work from open source context suggests that defect reports often have insufficient information for defect fixing. Objective: Our goal was to reproduce and partially replicate one of those open source studies in industrial context to see how well the results could be generalized. Method: We surveyed developers from six industrial software development organizations about the defect report information, from three viewpoints: concerning quality, usefulness and automation possibilities of the information. Seventy-four developers out of 142 completed our survey. Results: Our reproduction confirms the results of the prior study in that "steps to reproduce" and "observed behaviour" are highly important defect information. Our results extend the results of the prior study as we found that "part of the application", "configuration of the application", and "operating data" are also highly important, but they were not surveyed in the prior study. Finally, we classified defect information as "critical problems", "solutions", "boosters", and "essentials" based on the survey answers. Conclusion: The quality of defect reports is a problem in the software industry as well as in the open source community. Thus, we suggest that a part of the defect reporting should be automated since many of the defect reporters lack technical knowledge or interest to produce high-quality defect reports.
Organizing Self-Help Groups for Empowerment and Social Change

Abstract Empirical research has shown that self-help groups are not purely about individual change and intra-personal empowerment, but also about policy change and collective empowerment. In North America and Europe, such groups have been in the forefront of social change, and self-help represents a new political potential. However, findings of this study of self-help groups in Hong Kong indicate that social change has never been their common objective. In addition, members of the Hong Kong groups feel unable to impact social policies that affect their lives, despite wanting to do so. It is contended in this paper that this feeling of powerlessness among members might be related to the nature, size and length of existence of the self-help groups. It is further argued that self-help groups should form coalitions and seek professional assistance in order to effect social change and to strengthen and broaden their power base.
Differential Antioxidant Responses and Perturbed Porphyrin Biosynthesis after Exposure to Oxyfluorfen and Methyl Viologen in Oryza sativa

We compared antioxidant responses and regulation of porphyrin metabolism in rice plants treated with oxyfluorfen (OF) or methyl viologen (MV). Plants treated with MV exhibited not only greater increases in conductivity and malondialdehyde but also a greater decline in Fv/Fm, compared to plants treated with OF. MV-treated plants had greater increases in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as transcript levels of SODA and CATA than OF-treated plants after 28 h of the treatments, whereas increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and transcript levels of APXA and APXB were greater in OF-treated plants. Both OF- and MV-treated plants resulted in not only down-regulation of most genes involved in porphyrin biosynthesis but also disappearance of Mg-porphyrins during the late stage of photooxidative stress. By contrast, up-regulation of heme oxygenase 2 (HO2) is possibly part of an efficient antioxidant response to compensate photooxidative damage in both treatments. Our data show that down-regulated biosynthesis and degradation dynamics of porphyrin intermediates have important roles in photoprotection of plants from perturbed porphyrin biosynthesis and photosynthetic electron transport. This study suggests that porphyrin scavenging as well as strong antioxidative activities are required for mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under photooxidative stress caused by OF and MV.
Drug delivery systems for overcoming the bioavailability of curcumin: not only the nanoparticle matters.

Curcumin widely exists in curcuma species, and it is a main component of turmeric, which has long been known as spice, remedy and dye. As a polyphenolic compound, curcumin possesses diverse pharmacologic effects, including anti-inflammatory activity, endogenous antioxidant defense induction and glioblastoma multiforme growth suppression, as well as gene expression interference [1]. Compared with commercial anticancer drugs or anti-inflammatory drugs, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel and dexamethasone, among others, dietary curcumin only has very low or no toxicity. From Phase I clinical trial results, it has also been concluded that curcumin is safe even at dosages as high as 12 g/day in humans. This demonstrates that curcumin is a promising safe natural active ingredient. However, like other hydrophobic drugs, the low solubility, poor adsorption, rapid metabolism and systemic elimination, together with the instability in physiological environment, have reduced its bioavailability.
Ca2+ entry through TRPC1 channels contributes to intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and consequent glutamate release from rat astrocytes

Astrocytes can respond to a variety of stimuli by elevating their cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and can in turn release glutamate to signal adjacent neurons. The majority of this Ca2+ is derived from internal stores while a portion also comes from outside of the cell. Astrocytes use Ca2+ entry through store‐operated Ca2+ channels to refill their internal stores. Therefore, we investigated what role this store‐operated Ca2+ entry plays in astrocytic Ca2+ responses and subsequent glutamate release. Astrocytes express canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels that have been implicated in mediating store‐operated Ca2+ entry. Here, we show that astrocytes in culture and freshly isolated astrocytes from visual cortex express TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5. Indirect immunocytochemistry reveals that these proteins are present throughout the cell; the predominant expression of functionally tested TRPC1, however, is on the plasma membrane. Labeling in freshly isolated astrocytes reveals changes in TRPC expression throughout development. Using an antibody against TRPC1 we were able to block the function of TRPC1 channels and determine their involvement in mechanically and agonist‐evoked Ca2+ entry in cultured astrocytes. Blocking TRPC1 was also found to reduce mechanically induced Ca2+‐dependent glutamate release. These data indicate that Ca2+ entry through TRPC1 channels contributes to Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes and the consequent glutamate release from these cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical analysis of an extremity in a cold environment including countercurrent arterio-venous heat exchange.

A model of the thermal behavior of an extremity, e.g., a finger, is presented. The model includes the effects of heat conduction, metabolic heat generation, heat transport by blood perfusion, heat exchange between the tissue and the large blood vessels, and arterio-venous heat exchange. Heat exchange with the environment through a layer of thermal insulation, depicting thermal handwear, is also considered. The tissue is subdivided into four concentric layers simulating, from the center outward, core, muscle, fat, and skin. Differential heat balance equations are formulated for the tissue and for the major artery and the major vein traversing the finger. These coupled equations are solved numerically by a finite-difference, alternating direction method employing a Thomas algorithm. The numerical scheme was extensively tested for its stability and convergence. This paper presents the model equations and results of the convergence tests, and shows plots of blood and tissue temperatures along the axis of the model for combinations of parameters including the effect of countercurrent heat exchange between the artery and the vein.
Brushite-Forming Mg-, Zn- and Sr-Substituted Bone Cements for Clinical Applications

Calcium phosphate cements have been in clinical use for the last 10 years. Their most salient features include good biocompatibility, excellent bioactivity, self-setting characteristics, low setting temperature, adequate stiffness, and easy shaping to accomodate any complicated geometry. They are commonly used in filling bone defects and trauma surgeries as mouldable paste-like bone substitute materials. Substitution of trace elements, such as Mg, Sr and Zn ions, into the structure of calcium phosphates is the subject of widespread investigation nowadays, because of their impending role in the biological process. Subtle differences in composition and structure of these materials may have a profound effect on their in vivo behaviour. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to provide a simple, but comprehensive overview of the present achievements relating to brushite-forming cements doped with Mg, Zn and Sr, and to identify new developments and trends. In particular, the influence of ionic substitution on the chemical, physical and biological properties of these materials is discussed.
Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Passalora fulva), a highly specialized plant pathogen as a model for functional studies on plant pathogenic Mycosphaerellaceae.

UNLABELLED SUMMARY Taxonomy: Cladosporium fulvum is an asexual fungus for which no sexual stage is currently known. Molecular data, however, support C. fulvum as a member of the Mycosphaerellaceae, clustering with other taxa having Mycosphaerella teleomorphs. C. fulvum has recently been placed in the anamorph genus Passalora as P. fulva. Its taxonomic disposition is supported by its DNA phylogeny, as well as the distinct scars on its conidial hila, which are typical of Passalora, and unlike Cladosporium s.s. , which has teleomorphs that reside in Davidiella, and not Mycosphaerella. Host range and disease symptoms: The presently known sole host of C. fulvum is tomato (members of the genusLycopersicon). C. fulvum is mainly a foliar pathogen. Disease symptoms are most obvious on the abaxial side of the leaf and include patches of white mould that turn brown upon sporulation. Due to stomatal clogging, curling of leaves and wilting can occur, leading to defoliation. C. fulvum as a model pathogen: The interaction between C. fulvum and tomato is governed by a gene-for-gene relationship. A total of eight Avr and Ecp genes, and for four of these also the corresponding plant Cf genes, have been cloned. Obtaining conclusive evidence for gene-for-gene relationships is complicated by the poor availability of genetic tools for most Mycosphaerellaceae-plant interactions. Newly developed tools, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and RNAi, added to the genome sequence of its host tomato, which will be available within a few years, render C. fulvum attractive as a model species for plant pathogenic Mycosphaerellaceae. USEFUL WEBSITES http://www.sgn. cornell.edu/help/about/index.html; http://cogeme.ex. ac.uk.
Clonal organization of the central nervous system of the frog. II. Clones stemming from individual blastomeres of the 32- and 64-cell stages

Horseradish peroxidase injected into individual blastomeres of 32- and 64-cell embryos of Xenopus laevis was identified in cells of the central nervous system (CNS) at larval stages 31 to 39. The CNS received contributions from 24 blastomeres of the 32-cell stage and 38 blastomeres of the 64-cell stage. The region of CNS in which all of the labeled descendants of a single blastomere were dispersed is called a clonal domain. Mingling of labeled and unlabeled cells always occurred in a clonal domain, but boundaries were seen between such a labeled region and completely unlabeled regions. These boundaries occurred at various places in the CNS but were most frequently seen in the transverse plane at the level of the isthmus between mesencephalon and rhombencephalon and in the horizontal plane between dorsal and ventral regions of the CNS. When the maternal clonal domain was partitioned between the descendants of the daughter cells, the partitioning occurred only at one or both of those boundaries. The constant relationship between the position of each of the initially labeled blastomeres and the final spatial distribution of the labeled descendants in the CNS provided a detailed fate map of the main regions of the CNS in the 32- and 64-cell embryo.
Structural and functional changes in human insulin induced by methylglyoxal

Elevated methylglyoxal (MG) levels have been reported in insulin‐resistance syndrome. The present study investigated whether MG, a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, induced structural and functional changes of insulin. Incubation of human insulin with MG in vitro yielded MG‐insulin adducts, as evidenced by additional peaks observed on mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of the incubates. Tandem MS analysis of insulin B‐chain adducts confirmed attachment of MG at an arginine residue. [3H]‐2‐deoxyglucose uptake by 3T3‐L1 adipocytes was significantly and concentration‐dependently decreased after the treatment with MG‐insulin adducts, in comparison with the effect of native insulin at the same concentrations. A significant decrease of glucose uptake induced by MG‐insulin adducts was also observed in L8 skeletal muscle cells. MG alone had no effect on glucose uptake or the transcriptional expression of insulin receptor. Unlike native insulin, MG‐insulin adducts did not inhibit insulin release from pancreatic β‐cells. The degradation of MG‐insulin through liver cells was also decreased. In conclusion, MG modifies insulin by attaching to internal arginine residue in β‐chain of insulin. The formation of this MG‐insulin adduct decreases insulinmediated glucose uptake, impairs autocrine control of insulin secretion, and decreases insulin clearance. These structural and functional abnormalities of insulin molecule may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. —Jia, X. , Olson, D. J. H. , Ross, A. R. S. , Wu, L. Structural and functional changes in human insulin induced by methylglyoxal. FASEB J. 20, E871–E879 (2006)
Validation experiments on finite element models of an ostrich (Struthio camelus) cranium

The first finite element (FE) validation of a complete avian cranium was performed on an extant palaeognath, the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Ex-vivo strains were collected from the cranial bone and rhamphotheca. These experimental strains were then compared to convergence tested, specimen-specific finite element (FE) models. The FE models contained segmented cortical and trabecular bone, sutures and the keratinous rhamphotheca as identified from micro-CT scan data. Each of these individual materials was assigned isotropic material properties either from the literature or from nanoindentation, and the FE models compared to the ex-vivo results. The FE models generally replicate the location of peak strains and reflect the correct mode of deformation in the rostral region. The models are too stiff in regions of experimentally recorded high strain and too elastic in regions of low experimentally recorded low strain. The mode of deformation in the low strain neurocranial region is not replicated by the FE models, and although the models replicate strain orientations to within 10° in some regions, in most regions the correlation is not strong. Cranial sutures, as has previously been found in other taxa, are important for modifying both strain magnitude and strain patterns across the entire skull, but especially between opposing the sutural junctions. Experimentally, we find that the strains on the surface of the rhamphotheca are much lower than those found on nearby bone. The FE models produce much higher principal strains despite similar strain ratios across the entirety of the rhamphotheca. This study emphasises the importance of attempting to validate FE models, modelling sutures and rhamphothecae in birds, and shows that whilst location of peak strain and patterns of deformation can be modelled, replicating experimental data in digital models of avian crania remains problematic.
The effects of an educational program on knowledge of breast cancer, early detection practices and health beliefs of nurses and midwives.

AIM To determine the effectiveness of an educational program concerning knowledge of breast cancer, early detection practices and health beliefs of nurses and midwives. BACKGROUND Educational programs play an important role in breast cancer preventive behaviour. DESIGN The study was designed as an experimental post-test only, control group design. The educational program was applied only to the experimental group. The study group included 157,134 nurses and midwives respectively in the experimental and the control group. METHODS Participants in the experimental group received an educational program on the breast cancer. One year after the educational program was delivered, data were collected from the two groups using a personal data form and the Turkish version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Descriptive statistics, paired samples t-test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were conducted in the course of the data analyses. RESULTS The mean total knowledge score was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The application percentage of mammography and clinical breast examination was higher in the experimental group. There were no significant differences between two groups in performing breast self-examination. The experimental group was significantly more likely to feel confident and motivated, and their total score on the health belief scale was much better than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that educational intervention had a positive impact on knowledge of breast cancer, on practices related to breast cancer, on early detection and on the health beliefs in the experimental group. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The educational programs, including techniques to increase the motivation and skills for early detection of breast cancer, should be made widespread in nursing and midwifery. Health beliefs should be considered in planning educational programs about breast cancer. Interventions should be designed to enhance nurses' and midwives' confidence and motivation.
Take and Took, Gaggle and Goose, Book and Read: Evaluating the Utility of Vector Differences for Lexical Relation Learning

Recent work on word embeddings has shown that simple vector subtraction over pre-trained embeddings is surprisingly effective at capturing different lexical relations, despite lacking explicit supervision. Prior work has evaluated this intriguing result using a word analogy prediction formulation and hand-selected relations, but the generality of the finding over a broader range of lexical relation types and different learning settings has not been evaluated. In this paper, we carry out such an evaluation in two learning settings: (1) spectral clustering to induce word relations, and (2) supervised learning to classify vector differences into relation types. We find that word embeddings capture a surprising amount of information, and that, under suitable supervised training, vector subtraction generalises well to a broad range of relations, including over unseen lexical items.