Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing Web latency using reference point caching

To reduce Web access latencies, we propose a new paradigm for caching at the reference point of a document. If a document X is referred to from a document Y, information is cached at Y to reduce the latency of client accesses to X. We focus on two specific instances of this paradigm: caching IP addresses to avoid DNS lookups at clients, and caching information about documents to avoid setting up new connections. Avoiding DNS lookup saves over 4 seconds 10-12% of the time and avoiding connection setup saves 240 ms on the average. These ideas enable new services such as search engines that return IP addresses to speed up search sessions, and caching at regional information servers that goes beyond the capabilities of today's proxy caching.
DNA Array-Based Transcriptional Analysis of Asporogenous, Nonsolventogenic Clostridium acetobutylicum Strains SKO1 and M5

ABSTRACT The large-scale transcriptional program of two Clostridium acetobutylicum strains (SKO1 and M5) relative to that of the parent strain (wild type [WT]) was examined by using DNA microarrays. Glass DNA arrays containing a selected set of 1,019 genes (including all 178 pSOL1 genes) covering more than 25% of the whole genome were designed, constructed, and validated for data reliability. Strain SKO1, with an inactivated spo0A gene, displays an asporogenous, filamentous, and largely deficient solventogenic phenotype. SKO1 displays downregulation of all solvent formation genes, sigF, and carbohydrate metabolism genes (similar to genes expressed as part of the stationary-phase response in Bacillus subtilis) but also several electron transport genes. A major cluster of genes upregulated in SKO1 includes abrB, the genes from the major chemotaxis and motility operons, and glycosylation genes. Strain M5 displays an asporogenous and nonsolventogenic phenotype due to loss of the megaplasmid pSOL1, which contains all genes necessary for solvent formation. Therefore, M5 displays downregulation of all pSOL1 genes expressed in the WT. Notable among other genes expressed more highly in WT than in M5 were sigF, several two-component histidine kinases, spo0A, cheA, cheC, many stress response genes, fts family genes, DNA topoisomerase genes, and central-carbon metabolism genes. Genes expressed more highly in M5 include electron transport genes (but different from those downregulated in SKO1) and several motility and chemotaxis genes. Most of these expression patterns were consistent with phenotypic characteristics. Several of these expression patterns are new or different from what is known in B. subtilis and can be used to test a number of functional-genomic hypotheses.
Light and electron microscopic study of corticorubral synapses in adult cat: Evidence for extensive synaptic remodeling during postnatal development

Spine‐like dendritic protrusions (SLDPs) emanating from developing dendrites have been proposed to play an important role in early synaptogenesis. We previously analyzed synaptic termination sites on soma‐dendritic membrane of newborn cats and found that corticorubral (CR) axons form synapses preferentially on SLDPs (Saito et al., 1997 ). In the present study, we examined CR synapses in adult cats to elucidate the maturation process of CR synapses in relation to SLDPs. Electron microscopic observation of serial thin sections of Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin–labeled axons revealed that approximately 60% of CR terminals in adult cats formed synapses on dendritic spines. We also found that CR axons terminate on dendritic spines originating from the intermediate or distal dendrites of rubrospinal cells (more than 200 μm apart from the soma), in contrast to kittens in which CR fibers terminate on SLDPs originating from the proximal dendrites (less than 100 μm apart from the soma) of rubrospinal cells (Saito et al. [ 1997 ] J. Neurosci. 17:8792–8803). These results suggest that CR synapses undergo remarkable remodeling after initial termination on SLDP during postnatal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:236–244, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The R109H Variant of Fascin-2, a Developmentally Regulated Actin Crosslinker in Hair-Cell Stereocilia, Underlies Early-Onset Hearing Loss of DBA/2J Mice

The quantitative trait locus ahl8 is a key contributor to the early-onset, age-related hearing loss of DBA/2J mice. A nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution in the mouse fascin-2 gene (Fscn2) is responsible for this phenotype, confirmed by wild-type BAC transgene rescue of hearing loss in DBA/2J mice. In chickens and mice, FSCN2 protein is abundant in hair-cell stereocilia, the actin-rich structures comprising the mechanically sensitive hair bundle, and is concentrated toward stereocilia tips of the bundle's longest stereocilia. FSCN2 expression increases when these stereocilia differentially elongate, suggesting that FSCN2 controls filament growth, stiffens exposed stereocilia, or both. Because ahl8 accelerates hearing loss only in the presence of mutant cadherin 23, a component of hair-cell tip links, mechanotransduction and actin crosslinking must be functionally interrelated.
A perspective to the Design of Distributed Real-time Control Applications based on CAN

this paper is to present the Controller Area Network protocol (CAN), developed by Bosch and Intel for the automotive market and an ISO standard, from a number of perspectives on distributed real--time control systems. Section 2 provides the perspectives and in Section 3 CAN is presented and compared with FIP, the factory instrumentation protocol. Section 4 briefly presents essential design aspects for distributed control systems. Section 5 discusses the use of CAN as a basis for distributed control systems and Section 6 gives conclusions.
Hydrodynamical adaptive mesh refinement simulations of turbulent flows - I. Substructure in a wind

The problem of the resolution of turbulent flows in adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations is investigated by means of three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical simulations in an idealized setup, representing a moving subcluster during a merger event. AMR simulations performed with the usual refinement criteria based on local gradients of selected variables do not properly resolve the production of turbulence downstream of the cluster. Therefore, we apply novel AMR criteria which are optimised to follow the evolution of a turbulent flow. We demonstrate that these criteria provide a better resolution of the flow past the subcluster, allowing us to follow the onset of the shear instability, the evolution of the turbulent wake and the subsequent back-reaction on the subcluster core morphology. We discuss some implications for the modelling of cluster cold fronts.
Neurological disorders in Gulf War veterans

We present a review of neurological function in Gulf War veterans (GWV). Twenty-two studies were reviewed, including large hospitalization and registry studies, large population-based epidemiological studies, investigations of a single military unit, small uncontrolled studies of ill veterans and small controlled studies of veterans. In nearly all studies, neurological function was normal in most GWVs, except for a small proportion who were diagnosed with compression neuropathies (carpal tunnel syndrome or ulnar neuropathy). In the great majority of controlled studies, there were no differences in the rates of neurological abnormalities in GWVs and controls. In a national US study, the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) seems to be significantly increased in GWVs, compared to the rate in controls. However, it is possible that military service, in general, might be associated with an increased risk of ALS, rather than Gulf War service in particular. Taken together, the conclusion is that if a neurological examination in a GWV is within normal limits, then extensive neurological testing is unlikely to diagnose occult neurological disorders.
Advancing ecohydrology in the changing tropics: Perspectives from early career scientists

Tropical ecosystems offer a unique setting for understanding ecohydrological processes, but to date, such investigations have been limited. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of studying these processes—specifically, how they are being affected by the transformative changes taking place in the tropics—and to offer an agenda for future research. At present, the ongoing loss of native ecosystems is largely due to agricultural expansion, but parallel processes of afforestation are also taking place, leading to shifts in ecohydrological fluxes. Similarly, shifts in water availability due to climate change will affect both water and carbon fluxes in tropical ecosystems. A number of methods exist that can help us better understand how changes in land use and climate affect ecohydrological processes; these include stable isotopes, remote sensing, and process‐based models. Still, our knowledge of the underlying physical mechanisms, especially those that determine the effects of scale on ecosystem processes, remains incomplete. We assert that development of a knowledge base concerning the effects of transformative change on ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes at different spatio‐temporal scales is an urgent need for tropical regions and should serve as a compass for emerging ecohydrologists. To reach this goal, we advocate a research agenda that expands the number and diversity of ecosystems targeted for ecohydrological investigations and connects researchers across the tropics. We believe that the use of big data and open source software—already an important integrative tool/skill for the young ecohydrologist—will be key in expanding research capabilities.
Publication productivity and citation analysis of the Medical Journal of Malaysia: 2004 - 2008

We analysed 580 articles (original articles only) published in Medical Journal of Malaysia between 2004 and 2008, the resources referenced by the articles and the citations and impact received. Our aim was to examine article and author productivity, the age of references used and impact of the journal. Publication data was obtained from MyAIS database and Google Scholar provided the citation data. From the 580 articles analyzed, contributors mainly come from the hospitals, universities and clinics. Contributions from foreign authors are low. The useful lives of references cited were between 3 to 11 years. ISI derived Impact factor for MJM ranged between 0.378 to 0.616. Journal self-citation is low. Out of the 580 sampled articles, 76.8% have been cited at least once over the 5 years and the ratio of total publications to citations is 1: 2.6.
Fluorophlogopite-bearing and carbonate metamorphosed xenoliths from theCampanian Ignimbrite (Fiano, southern Italy): crystal chemical, geochemical and volcanological insights

Abstract Fluorine-, boron- and magnesium-rich metamorphosed xenoliths occur in the Campanian Ignimbrite deposits at Fiano (southern Italy), at ∼50 km northeast of the sourced volcanic area. These rocks originated from Mesozoic limestones of the Campanian Apennines, embedded in a fluid flow. The Fiano xenoliths studied consist of ten fluorophlogopite-bearing calc-silicate rocks and five carbonate xenoliths, characterized by combining mineralogical analyses with whole-rock and stable isotope data. The micaceous xenoliths are composed of abundant idiomorphic fluorophlogopite, widespread fluorite, F-rich chondrodite, fluoborite, diopside, Fe(Mg)-oxides, calcite, humite, K-bearing fluoro-richterite and grossular. Of the five mica-free xenoliths, two are calcite marbles, containing subordinate fluorite and hematite, and three are weakly metamorphosed carbonates, composed only of calcite. The crystal structure and composition of fluorophlogopite approach that of the end-member. The Fiano xenoliths are enriched in trace elements with respect to the primary limestones. Comparisons between the rare-earth element (REE) patterns of the Fiano xenoliths and those of both Campanian Ignimbrite and Somma-Vesuvius marble and carbonate xenoliths showthat the Fiano pattern overlaps that of Somma-Vesuvius marble and carbonate xenoliths, and reproduces the trend of Campanian Ignimbrite rocks. Values of δ13C and δ18O depict the same trend of depletion in the heavy isotopes observed in the Somma-Vesuvius nodules, and is related to thermometamorphism. Trace-element distribution, paragenesis, stable isotope geochemistry and data modelling point to infiltration of steam enriched in F, B,Mg and As into carbonate rocks at a temperature of ∼300-450°C during the emplacement of the Campanian Ignimbrite.
Group key distribution via local collaboration in wireless sensor networks

In this paper we propose a group key management scheme for sensor networks that targets at fast response to changes in security conditions. Motivated by the fact that a compromised sensor is most likely to be first detected by its fellow neighboring nodes, we introduce the concept of local collaboration during the process of group key distribution. In the proposed scheme, a sensor node is not able to obtain the secret key solely based on the broadcast message and its pre-deployed secret share. Rather, it has to seek for collaboration from its fellow sensor nodes. Only by jointly exploiting the secret shares disclosed by the broadcast message, its own pre-distributed secret, as well as secrets revealed by other nodes, can a node reconstruct the group key. By empowering the sensor nodes themselves to be able to exclude a compromised node, the scheme promises fast reaction to the ever changing network condition. Furthermore, we provide a set of enhancements to the basic scheme including self-evolving design for significant reduction in communication and memory overhead.
Simplified access to structured databases by adapting keyword search and database selection

This paper presents a tool that enables non-technical (naive) end-users to use free-form queries in exploring distributed relational databases with simple and direct technique, in a fashion similar to using search engines to search text files on the web. This allows web designers and database developers to publish their databases for web browsers exploring. The proposed approach can be used for both Internet and Intranet application areas. Our approach depends on identifying first databases that are most likely to provide useful results to the raised query, and then search only the identified databases. In our work, we developed and extended an estimation technique to assess the usefulness measure of each database. Our technique has been borrowed from the similar techniques used for information retrieval (IR), mainly for text and document databases; it supports working smoothly with the structured information stored in relational databases. Such a usefulness measure enables nave users to make decisions about databases to search and in what order.
Temporal variation in lake-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) mixed-stock fishery catches in a large Fennoscandian lake

1) Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, Pharmacity, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland 2) Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland 3) Natural Resources Institute Finland, Viikinkaari 4, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland 4) Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bangkhen Campus, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
Relation between abnormalities in circadian blood pressure rhythm and target organ damage in normotensives.

BACKGROUND To determine the individual effect of abnormalities in blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm (non-dipping status (NDS), increased morning BP (MBP) or increased MBP surge (MBPS)) on target organ damage (TOD) and which of these is more closely related to TOD in normotensives. METHODS AND RESULTS The 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography were performed and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured in 47 dipper (28 women, mean age 45.8 +/- 9.3) and 32 non-dipper (25 women, mean age 49.1 +/- 8.3 years) normotensive subjects. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was higher in non-dipper group (103.8 +/- 24.1 vs 91.6 +/- 23.5 g/m2, P=0.03). UAE in non-dipper group was higher, but the difference between the two was not statistically significant (18.9 [10.3, 28.9] vs 14.1 [7.5, 23.8], P=0.11). In multivariate analysis, both LVMI and UAE were affected by NDS and MBP independent of other confounding variables (for LVMI; Coefficient =0.27, P=0.01 and Coefficient =0.37, P=0.001, respectively, and for UAE; Coefficient =0.27, P=0.02 and Coefficient =0.28, P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS It may be postulated that increased night and MBP are the factors that cause TOD, and it seems reasonable to attempt to restore normal diurnal rhythm of the BP even in normotensive subjects.
Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR- TB) Compared with Non-MDR-TB Infections in Peninsular Malaysia.

BACKGROUND Treating patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains is more complicated, complex, toxic, expensive, than treating patients with susceptible TB strains. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes and potential factors associated between patients with MDR-TB and non MDR TB infections in peninsular Malaysia. METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from the medical records of all registered MDR-TB patients and Non-MDR-TB patients at five TB hospitals in peninsular Malaysia from January 2010 to January 2014. RESULTS A total of 314 subjects were studied, including 105 MDR-TB cases and 209 non-MDR-TB. After TB treatment, 24.8% of the MDR-TB patients and 17.7% of non MDR TB relapsed; 17.1% of the MDR-TB patients and 16.3% of non MDR TB defaulted from TB treatment. A significant difference seen in treatment success rate 17.1% for MDR-TB; 63.1% for non MDR TB (P < 0.001)). Mortality rate were 8.9% for MDR-TB; 13.2% for non MDR TB. Multivariable analysis showed the potential factors associated with poor treatment outcomes were presence of HIV infection (AOR, 1.09; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.75; P = 0.001) and previous TB treatment (AOR, 4.87; 95%CI: 2.84, 8.38; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that the treatment success rate in patients with non MDR TB infection was higher than MDR-TB. Unsuccessful treatment was seen in MDR-TB associated with potential factors such as history of TB treatment, and presence of HIV infection.
Comparative study of joint analysis of microarray gene expression data in survival prediction and risk assessment of breast cancer patients

Abstract Microarray gene expression data sets are jointly analyzed to increase statistical power. They could either be merged together or analyzed by meta-analysis. For a given ensemble of data sets, it cannot be foreseen which of these paradigms, merging or meta-analysis, works better. In this article, three joint analysis methods, Z -score normalization, ComBat and the inverse normal method (meta-analysis) were selected for survival prognosis and risk assessment of breast cancer patients. The methods were applied to eight microarray gene expression data sets, totaling 1324 patients with two clinical endpoints, overall survival and relapse-free survival. The performance derived from the joint analysis methods was evaluated using Cox regression for survival analysis and independent validation used as bias estimation. Overall, Z -score normalization had a better performance than ComBat and meta-analysis. Higher Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and hazard ratio were also obtained when independent validation was used as bias estimation. With a lower time and memory complexity, Z -score normalization is a simple method for joint analysis of microarray gene expression data sets. The derived findings suggest further assessment of this method in future survival prediction and cancer classification applications.
IS DENTAL PHOBIA A BLOOD‐INJECTION‐INJURY PHOBIA?

Dental phobia is part of the Blood‐Injection‐Injury (B‐I‐I) phobia subtype of specific phobia within DSM‐IV‐TR. To investigate the conceptual validity of this classification, the purpose of the present study was to determine the co‐occurrence of dental phobia, typical dental (and B‐I‐I related) fears, vasovagal fainting, and avoidance of dental care.
The geochemistry and petrogenesis of Carnley Volcano, Auckland Islands, SW Pacific

ABSTRACT Intraplate volcanism across Zealandia, South Eastern Australia, the Ross Sea Embayment and Marie Byrd Land in Antarctica define a magmatic province characterised by basalts with elevated 206Pb/204Pb (18.9–22.5), 87Sr/86Sr = ∼0.7035, Light Rare Earth enrichment [(Ce/Yb)n > 10], and convex-up mantle normalised incompatible multi-element patterns, peaking at Nb-Ta, with negative K and Pb anomalies. Trace element abundances and ratios (e.g. Zr/Nb, Y/Zr) resemble Ocean Island Basalts (OIB), distinct from Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB), suggesting derivation from OIB-like reservoirs. Our preferred scenario envisages partial melting across the garnet-spinel stability fields involving asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle components. Melts accumulate in a column where the deep (asthenospheric) source is PM and the shallower source a melange of PM and subcontinental lithospheric mantle (DMM+1) enriched by carbonatite. Evolution of primary and near-primary magmas is controlled by olivine + clinopyroxene fractionation. Trachybasalts, trachytes and rhyolites show isotopic evidence for interaction with continental crust.
An experimental comparison between maximum entropy and minimum relative-entropy spectral analysis

It is known that the minimum relative-entropy spectral analysis (MRESA) of J.E. Shore and R.W. Johnson (1980) and J.E. Shore (1981) provides an even better power spectrum estimation than the maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) by its explicit inclusion of a prior estimate that catches certain important shape features of the unknown true power spectrum. Since the kinds of prior estimates that catch certain important shape features of the unknown true power spectrum are generally hard to determine, a comparison between MESA and MRESA is undertaken in order to justify MRESA. The results indicate that unless the shape information of the true spectrum is correctly caught by the prior spectrum, it is safer to use MESA. >
Annotating and Recognizing Event Modality in Text

Current results in basic Information Extraction tasks such as Named Entity Recognition or Event Extraction suggest that we are close to achieving a stage where the fundamental units for text understanding are put together; namely, predicates and their arguments. However, other layers of information, such as event modality, are essential for understanding, since the inferences derivable from factual events are obviously different from those judged as possible or non-existent. In this paper, we first map out the scope of modality in natural language; we propose a specification language for annotating this information in text; and finally we describe two tools that automatically recognizing modal information in natural language text.