Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dyskinesia and soft neurological signs in schizophrenia: a comparative study

Objective. Several neurological abnormalities can be found at a greater frequency in patients with schizophrenia, including neurological soft signs (NSS) and signs of the “pyramidal” and “extrapyramidal” systems. We aimed to explore the frequency of movement disorders in patients with antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia and to compare and contrast with antipsychotic-treated patients and healthy controls. Methods. Twenty-two antipsychotic naive schizophrenic patients, 22 antipsychotic treated patients and 22 healthy control subjects were assessed by Neurological Evaluation (NES), Abnormal Involuntary Movements (AIMS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome (PANSS) Scales. Results. The NES scores of the never-medicated schizophrenic group were significantly higher than those of normal controls but did not differ significantly from the medicated group. Dyskinesia rates in the both schizophrenic groups were higher than in healthy controls. Medicated and non-medicated schizophrenic patient scores did not differ in AIMS with regard to facial and oral movements, but medicated patients scored higher than non-medicated subjects with respect to extremity movements. Conclusion. Our data suggest that: soft neurological signs and abnormal involuntary movements in the facial region are more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia, whether they are medicated or antipsychotic naïve. On the contrary, abnormal involuntary movements in the trunk and the extremities seem to be associated with medication.
Recycling Blends Of HDPE And Coconut Shells As Reducing Agent For The Production Of Metallic Iron From Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Laboratory studies on the production of metallic iron from iron oxide using blends of coconut shells (cocos nucifera) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as reducing agent have been performed through experiments conducted in a horizontal resistance heating tube furnace. Composite pellets were formed from mixtures of iron oxide and carbonaceous materials consisting of chars of coconut shells (CNS), HDPE and three blends of CNS-HDPE. The iron oxide-carbonaceous material composites were heated very rapidly in a laboratory scale horizontal tube furnace at 1500 °C in a continuous stream of pure argon and the off gas was analysed continuously using an infrared (IR) gas analyser and a gas chromatographic (GC) analyser equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). Elemental analyses of samples of the reduced metal were performed chemically for its carbon and oxygen contents using a LECO carbon/sulphur and LECO oxygen/nitrogen analysers, respectively. The extent of reduction after ten minutes and the level of carburisation were determined for each carbonaceous reductant. The results indicate that metallic iron can be produced effectively from iron oxides using CNS, HDPE and blends of these carbonaceous materials as reductants. It was revealed that the extent of reduction improved significantly when CNS was blended with HDPE. The results also revealed that blending of the carbonaceous materials has a beneficial effect on the environment through decreasing carbon dioxide emissions.
The Importance of Career Insecurity for Turnover Intentions in the Dutch Military

The effects of two dimensions of job insecurity (job loss insecurity and career insecurity) on turnover intentions were tested in a sample from the Dutch armed forces (N = 3,580) after a major downsizing operation was announced. Results suggested that especially perceptions of career insecurity increased turnover intentions. Next to this direct effect, career insecurity was also associated with lowered affective organizational commitment which in turn increased turnover intentions as well. Our results imply that, at least during downsizing operations, a multidimensional conceptualization of job insecurity helps to predict important organizational outcomes in the military. Both perceptions of the risk of losing one’s job and perceptions of possible future career opportunities are important for employee retention.
Association of Citizenship Status With Kidney Transplantation in Medicaid Patients.

BACKGROUND Although individuals classified as nonresident aliens, including undocumented immigrants, are entitled to receive emergency dialysis in the United States regardless of their ability to pay, most states do not provide them with subsidized care for maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation. We explored whether nonresident aliens have similar outcomes to US citizens after receiving kidney transplants covered by Medicaid, a joint federal and state health insurance program. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS All adult Medicaid patients in the US Renal Data System who received their first kidney transplant from 1990 to 2011. PREDICTOR Citizenship status, categorized as US citizen, nonresident alien, or permanent resident. OUTCOME All-cause transplant loss. MEASUREMENTS HRs and 95% CIs estimated by applying Cox proportional hazards frailty models with transplantation center as a random effect. RESULTS Of 10,495 patients, 8,660 (82%) were US citizens, 1,489 (14%) were permanent residents, and 346 (3%) were nonresident aliens, whom we assumed were undocumented immigrants. Nonresident aliens were younger, healthier, receiving dialysis longer, and more likely to have had a living donor. 71% underwent transplantation in California, and 61% underwent transplantation after 2005. Nonresident aliens had a lower unadjusted risk for transplant loss compared with US citizens (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35-0.65). Results were attenuated but still significant when adjusted for demographics, comorbid conditions, dialysis, and transplant-related factors (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94). LIMITATIONS Citizenship status was self-reported, possible residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the select group of insured nonresident aliens who undergo transplantation with Medicaid do just as well as US citizens with Medicaid. Policymakers should consider expanding coverage for kidney transplantation in nonresident aliens, including undocumented immigrants, given the associated high-quality outcomes in these patients.
Neoadjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer: Actual Status

Neoadjuvant (preoperative) concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas. The clinical stages II (cT3-4, N0, M0) and III (cT1-4, N+, M0) according to International Union Against Cancer (IUCC) are concerned. It can reduce tumor volume and subsequently lead to an increase in complete resections (R0 resections), shows less toxicity, and improves local control rate. The aim of this review is to summarize actual approaches, main problems, and discrepancies in the treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas.
Spared Piriform Cortical Single-Unit Odor Processing and Odor Discrimination in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly today. One of the earliest reported signs of Alzheimer's disease is olfactory dysfunction, which may manifest in a variety of ways. The present study sought to address this issue by investigating odor coding in the anterior piriform cortex, the primary cortical region involved in higher order olfactory function, and how it relates to performance on olfactory behavioral tasks. An olfactory habituation task was performed on cohorts of transgenic and age-matched wild-type mice at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. These animals were then anesthetized and acute, single-unit electrophysiology was performed in the anterior piriform cortex. In addition, in a separate group of animals, a longitudinal odor discrimination task was conducted from 3–12 months of age. Results showed that while odor habituation was impaired at all ages, Tg2576 performed comparably to age-matched wild-type mice on the olfactory discrimination task. The behavioral data mirrored intact anterior piriform cortex single-unit odor responses and receptive fields in Tg2576, which were comparable to wild-type at all age groups. The present results suggest that odor processing in the olfactory cortex and basic odor discrimination is especially robust in the face of amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP) over-expression and advancing amyloid β (Aβ) pathology. Odor identification deficits known to emerge early in Alzheimer's disease progression, therefore, may reflect impairments in linking the odor percept to associated labels in cortical regions upstream of the primary olfactory pathway, rather than in the basic odor processing itself.
Crime and Regret

Recent developments in neuroscience and social science are illuminating the critical importance of regret in human choices, including criminal decision making. After differentiating regret from related emotions (e.g., disappointment, sadness, shame), I argue that regret can prompt desistance from crime and that regret avoidance is a powerful mechanism of conformity. I then turn to American and European penal history to demonstrate that the invention of the prison was premised on the notion that solitary confinement could inculcate regret in prisoners and thereby change them profoundly. The place of regret in both historical and emerging thinking about human choice underscores its importance for understanding the connections between emotions and criminality.
Maxillofacial Trauma Following Road Accidents and Falls

Introduction:Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) and falls are major causes of maxillofacial injuries posing real challenges for the medical staff. Purpose:To describe the demographic and injury characteristics, as well as the treatment procedures of casualties diagnosed with maxillofacial injuries. Methods:The investigators implemented a multicenter retrospective study composed of hospitalized maxillofacial trauma patients recorded in the Israel Trauma Registry for 2000 to 2011. The predictor variable was mechanism of injury and the outcome variable was type of injury, severity, and hospital resources utilization. Descriptive and bivariate statistics with P values was set at 0.05. Results:The study included 11,592 reported hospitalized maxillofacial trauma patients (39.4% of them were MVA, 33.5% were falls), with a male predominance of a 3:1 ratio. The high-risk age groups were the first 3 decades of life in both etiologies, while age groups above 75 years were also frequent in falls. Severity of maxillofacial injuries, multiple injuries, admission to intensive care units, hospitalization for more than 15 days, inpatient mortality, and rehabilitation after discharge was significantly higher in MVA compared with falls. Conversely, maxillofacial surgeries were performed slightly more among patients injured in falls (34.1% and 31.1% respectively), as tongue and mouth are more prone targets in falls, compared with zygoma, maxilla, mandible, and teeth in MVA. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that the etiologies present an entire separate pattern of trauma. A better understanding and proper identification of their high-risk groups should lead to appropriate prevention programs and treatment protocols.
A phase noise minimization of CMOS VCOs over wide tuning range and large PVT variations

An automatic amplitude control circuit to minimize the phase noise of a LC-VCO is proposed and implemented by a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The phase noise lower than -90dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset is achieved over a wide tuning range (from 2.2GHz to 2.8GHz) under large process (/spl Delta/V/sub th/ = /spl plusmn/100mV), temperature (from /spl sim/35/spl deg/C to 85/spl deg/C), and power supply (from 1.8V to 3V) variations.
An Overview of Regular Dialysis Treatment in Japan as of 31 December 2003

Abstract: A statistical survey of 3750 nationwide dialysis facilities was carried out by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) at the end of 2003, with answers to the questionnaires received from 3717 facilities (99.12%). The population of dialysis patients in Japan at the end of 2003 was 237,710, and the number of dialysis patients per million people was 1862.7. The crude death rate during a 1‐year period from the end of 2002 to the end of 2003 was 9.3%. The mean age of patients newly introduced to dialysis was 65.4 years, and the mean age of the entire dialysis population was 62.3 years. The primary diseases in the patients newly introduced to dialysis in 2003 included diabetic nephropathy (41.0% of patients) and chronic glomerulonephritis (29.1% of patients). The mean serum neutral fat concentration for all the dialysis patients was 113.9 ± 71.7 mg/dL (± SD). The mean serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol concentration was 90.8 ± 30.9 mg/dL. Dialysate calcium concentrations ranging from 3.0 mEq/L to less than 3.5 mEq/L were used for majority of the dialysis patients (55.4%). Among anticoagulants given to the dialysis patients, heparins were the most commonly used in 79.3% of the dialysis patients. The relationship between blood pressure during dialysis and life expectancy for 1 year was analyzed for 43 465 patients who had undergone dialysis three times per week at the end of 2001. Results showed a significantly high mortality risk for patients who had systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mm Hg at the start of dialysis, systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mm Hg at the end of dialysis, and the greatest decrease (lowest) in systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg during dialysis. Patients who received vasopressor therapy during dialysis had a higher mortality risk than those who received no vasopressor therapy.
Investigation of STI diodes as electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices in deep submicron (DSM) CMOS process

The goal of this paper is to investigate design parameters of the CMOS STI diodes, intended to be used as ESD protection devices, and evaluate their performance for use in the deep submicron CMOS process. The 2-D simulations of multiple diode structures and geometries have been performed using SEQUOIA Device Designer, and the results allow to accurately predict the failure point and to optimize the different diode structures for high-speed RF applications. The proposed methodology can be used in practice to aid the design of ESD protection in deep submicron CMOS.
Graphic Feedback, Performance Feedback, and Goal Setting Increased Staff Compliance With a Data Collection Task at a Large Residential Facility

ABSTRACT Because of budgetary constraints, human service organizations frequently expect consultants to recommend methods to enhance staff performance that require little or no additional funding. The current study utilized a multiple baseline across settings design to evaluate and compare the effects of a single intervention and a packaged intervention including graphic feedback and goal setting on approximately 200 direct care staff as a group, to improve the data collection procedure at a residential treatment facility. The single intervention showed some improvement, whereas the packaged intervention yielded substantial improvements and was maintained.
Effect of Two Different Bleaching Concentrations on Enamel Color Stability and Surface Roughness: an in Vitro Study

Dental bleaching is a well-known esthetic procedure that aims to lighten the color of discolored teeth. While it is one of the conservative solutions for tooth discoloration, the bleaching industry has risen significantly since its evolution [1-4]. The process involves the application of a bleaching material on the tooth surface with subsequent activation by chemical, light or lasers. Hydrogen peroxide is the main component of most bleaching agents and is either supplied directly as hydrogen peroxide or as a product of a reaction that occurs between carbamide peroxide and sodium perborate [5].
Interlacing Families I: Bipartite Ramanujan Graphs of All Degrees

We prove that there exist infinite families of regular bipartite Ramanujan graphs of every degree bigger than 2. We do this by proving a variant of a conjecture of Bilu and Linial about the existence of good 2-lifts of every graph. We also establish the existence of infinite families of `irregular Ramanujan' graphs, whose eigenvalues are bounded by the spectral radius of their universal cover. Such families were conjectured to exist by Linial and others. In particular, we prove the existence of infinite families of (c, d)-biregular bipartite graphs with all non-trivial eigenvalues bounded by √c-1+√d-1, for all c, d ≥ q 3. Our proof exploits a new technique for demonstrating the existence of useful combinatorial objects that we call the "method of interlacing polynomials".
Brain versus Brawn: The Realization of Women's Comparative Advantage

In the last decades the US economy experienced a rise in female labor force participation, a reversal of the gender education gap and a closing of the gender wage gap. Importantly, these changes occurred at a substantially different pace over time. During the same period, workers in the US faced a considerable shift in labor demand from more physical to more intellectual skill requirements. I rationalize these observations in the context of a general equilibrium model displaying two key assumptions: (1) the demand for brain increases both within and across education groups; and (2) women have less brawn than men. Given the observed US technical change process, the model replicates (1) over half of the narrowing gender wage gap, (2) most of the narrowing employment gap, and (3) all of the reversing education gap. Crucially, the model can also account for the time-varying-path of the narrowing gender divide with an initial stagnation and a later acceleration in female wages and education rates.
Blackwell Approachability and Minimax Theory

This manuscript investigates the relationship between Blackwell Approachability, a stochastic vector-valued repeated game, and minimax theory, a single-play scalar-valued scenario. First, it is established in a general setting --- one not permitting invocation of minimax theory --- that Blackwell's Approachability Theorem and its generalization due to Hou are still valid. Second, minimax structure grants a result in the spirit of Blackwell's weak-approachability conjecture, later resolved by Vieille, that any set is either approachable by one player, or avoidable by the opponent. This analysis also reveals a strategy for the opponent.
Single-turnover kinetic experiments confirm the existence of high- and low-affinity ATPase sites in Escherichia coli Lon protease.

Lon is an ATP-dependent serine protease that degrades damaged and certain regulatory proteins in vivo. Lon exists as a homo-oligomer and represents one of the simplest ATP-dependent proteases because both the protease and ATPase domains are located within each monomeric subunit. Previous pre-steady-state kinetic studies revealed functional nonequivalency in the ATPase activity of the enzyme [Vineyard, D. , et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 1671-1682]. Both a high- and low-affinity ATPase site has been previously reported for Lon [Menon, A. S. , and Goldberg, A. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14921-14928]. Because of the differing affinities for ATP, we were able to monitor the activities of the sites separately and determine that they were noninteracting. The high-affinity sites hydrolyze ATP very slowly (k(obs) = 0.019 +/- 0.002 s(-1)), while the low-affinity sites hydrolyze ATP quickly at a rate of 17.2 +/- 0.09 s(-1), which is comparable to the previously observed burst rate. Although the high-affinity sites hydrolyze ATP slowly, they support multiple rounds of peptide hydrolysis, indicating that ATP and peptide hydrolysis are not stoichiometrically linked. However, ATP binding and hydrolysis at both the high- and low-affinity sites are necessary for optimal peptide cleavage and the stabilization of the conformational change associated with nucleotide binding.
Moisture modes and the Madden-Julian oscillation.

Abstract Moisture mode instability is thought to occur in the tropical oceanic atmosphere when precipitation is a strongly increasing function of saturation fraction (precipitable water divided by saturated precipitable water) and when convection acts to increase the saturation fraction. A highly simplified model of the interaction between convection and large-scale flows in the tropics suggests that there are two types of convectively coupled disturbances: the moisture mode instability described above and another unstable mode dependent on fluctuations in the convective inhibition. The latter is associated with rapidly moving disturbances such as the equatorially coupled Kelvin wave. A toy aquaplanet beta-plane model with realistic sea surface temperatures produces a robust Madden–Julian oscillation–like disturbance that resembles the observed phenomenon in many ways. Convection in this model exhibits a strong dependence of precipitation on saturation fraction and does indeed act to increase this paramet.
Comparing and Contrasting Workplace Ostracism and Incivility

Despite their shared characteristics, the literatures on workplace ostracism and incivility have evolved in different directions. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in the conceptualizations of the two constructs and trace the different measures, histories, theories, and topics covered in the two literatures. Although small, we also review the subset of studies that have directly contrasted the effects of ostracism and incivility within the same study. Subsequently, we outline future research areas for both literatures, with a particular focus on research areas that may produce results that help further differentiate the two constructs.
Pre‐ and post‐natal ontogeny of serotonergic projections to the rat spinal cord

The development of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) innervation in the spinal cord was studied from embryonic day 14 (E14) to adulthood. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fixed by perfusion with 5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate‐sodium metabisulfite buffer, and vibratome sections were processed for immunocytochemistry with a 5‐HT antiserum. For electron microscopy, the sections were flat‐embedded in araldite, and thin sectioning was performed. 5‐HT neurons caudally directed from raphe nuclei invade the spinal cord at E14 and reach the caudalmost levels by E16‐E17. In longitudinal sections, axons are seen by E15, at cervical and upper thoracic levels, to invade the presumptive gray matter from the anterior and lateral funiculi. The invasion process occurred either by sharp angulation of the axon or by branching of a collateral. By E16, at thoracic level the anterior horn and the intermediolateral columns are profusely innervated by very thin, varicose fibers; synapses are seen at E17 and E18 using EM. 5‐HT immunoreactive boutons are involved here. After birth, 5‐HT innervation of these two areas evolves progressively from a diffuse network to a more restricted pattern, especially at the thoracic level for the intermediolateral column and at cervical and lumbar levels for the anterior horn. The adult pattern is reached by postnatal day 21 (P21). The growth of axons toward the dorsal horn becomes noticeable by E19 at all spinal levels, when fibers invade the neck of the horn from the lateral funiculus, and innvervation proceeds diffusely until P5. At P7, thin fibers course dorsally and laterally along the border of the gray matter and ramify profusely in layers I and II. The adult pattern is also reached in the dorsal horn by P21. These results are discussed in relation to the postnatal maturation of motor and sensory circuits and to the development of transplanted raphe neurons in the rat spinal cord.