Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incomplete medication adherence of chronically ill patients in German primary care

Background Incomplete medication adherence is a major problem in health care worldwide. Patients who adhere to medical treatment have a better prognosis and create fewer costs. Objective To assess the degree of incomplete adherence of chronically ill routine primary care patients in a German setting and analyze the association between incomplete medication adherence, as well as clinical and sociodemographic patient characteristics. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, chronically ill patients were asked to assess their adherence in primary care retrospectively using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-D) questionnaire. To investigate the association of incomplete adherence with sociodemographic and clinical data, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results In total, 62.1% of 190 patients were categorized as incompletely adherent. The mean MARS-D score was 23.5 (standard deviation = 2.7). Analyses revealed no statistically significant associations at P < 0.05 between degree of adherence and patient characteristics. The total explained variance amounted to 11.8% (Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.118) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Previously reported results regarding associations of sociodemographic and clinical data with incomplete medication adherence could not be confirmed for this sample of chronically ill patients. In order to be able to provide guidelines for the reduction of incomplete medication adherence in German primary care, further research is needed.
Human response to habitat suitability during the Last Glacial Maximum in Western Europe

This research takes a multi‐dimensional approach to the study of the archaeological record of Western Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), combining two distinct components of the human adaptive system (technological organization and mobility) to test the impact of environmental variability on the mobility of Upper Palaeolithic groups. To this end we make use of two models. The first predicts landscape suitability as a function of a suite of environmental variables including topography, climate and inter‐annual climate variability. The second model explores the link between patterns of mobility and technological organization, using lithic retouch frequencies as a proxy for mobility strategies. Combining detailed environmental and lithic data allows us to derive a clearer picture of human adaptation to environmental conditions during a particularly rigorous climatic interval in Western Europe. Our results show that while foragers generally favoured more suitable habitats, logistical mobility strategies were deployed across a wide spectrum of habitat suitability. Residential mobility strategies, on the other hand, tend to occur in relatively less suitable and thus inherently more variable habitats. We conclude that foragers made use of a predominantly logistic strategy during the LGM while adopting more residential strategies in response to local and relatively short‐term fluctuations in the environment. The approach adopted here offers several promising avenues for future research on the ecology of human groups during the LGM.
Unconscious Facial Reactions to Emotional Facial Expressions

Studies reveal that when people are exposed to emotional facial expressions, they spontaneously react with distinct facial electromyographic (EMG) reactions in emotion-relevant facial muscles. These reactions reflect, in part, a tendency to mimic the facial stimuli. We investigated whether corresponding facial reactions can be elicited when people are unconsciously exposed to happy and angry facial expressions. Through use of the backward-masking technique, the subjects were prevented from consciously perceiving 30-ms exposures of happy, neutral, and angry target faces, which immediately were followed and masked by neutral faces. Despite the fact that exposure to happy and angry faces was unconscious, the subjects reacted with distinct facial muscle reactions that corresponded to the happy and angry stimulus faces. Our results show that both positive and negative emotional reactions can be unconsciously evoked, and particularly that important aspects of emotional face-to-face communication can occur on an unconscious level.
An Improved Full-Wave Multilevel Green’s Function Interpolation Method With RBF-QR Technique for Fast Field Evaluation

An improved full-wave multilevel Green’s function interpolation method (MLGFIM) with RBF-QR technique is proposed for the fast evaluation of electromagnetic field. The difficulty in applying the interpolation approach with radial basis functions (RBFs) lies in solving the increasingly singular matrix equation with the increase of the number of interpolation points. The compromise of making the basis functions relatively less smooth was used in the previous RBF implementations to address this problem. In this paper, a new interpolation scheme, the RBF-QR technique is applied to the interpolation of Green’s function to resolve the ill-conditioning issue without such a compromise. A better conditioned basis function is generated by the QR-factorization technique, and it also solves the sensitivity of the basis function to the value of shape parameter. Moreover, a new hybrid interpolation pattern is adopted to optimize the grid pattern, e.g., reduce the number of interpolation points required and the boundary interpolation errors. The employment of the proposed RBF-QR technique in conjunction with hybrid interpolation pattern makes the efficiency of the MLGFIM greatly improved. The proposed algorithm is used for the analysis of problems involving objects, such as patch arrays, photonic bandgap structures, metasurface structures, double negative metamaterial and so on. Five numerical examples are given to validate this new algorithm, and show the accuracy and efficiency of the improved MLGFIM.
Detection of fungal organisms in saliva from HIV-infected children: a preliminary cytologic analysis.

PURPOSE Fungal infections in HIV-infected individuals are associated with advancement of disease. In pediatric HIV infection, symptomatic children have a significantly higher incidence of clinical candidiasis and persistent drug-resistant candidiasis than do asymptomatic HIV-infected children. The purpose of this preliminary cytologic study was to determine the prevalence of fungal organisms in whole unstimulated saliva from children with vertically acquired HIV infection. METHODS The subjects included 27 HIV-infected and 11 HIV-exposed, but uninfected, children. Whole unstimulated saliva was obtained for cytologic evaluation (hematoxylin and eosin, silver stains) with selected samples evaluated by electron microscopy. RESULTS Yeast and hyphae were identified cytologically in 19% of HIV-infected (22% symptomatic HIV-infected, 11% asymptomatic HIV-infected) and 9% of HIV-exposed, but uninfected, children. Fungal organisms were found more frequently in HIV-infected with moderate (18%) and severe (27%) suppression. Fungi were more frequent with antiretroviral therapy (22%) vs no antiretroviral therapy (0%) and no antifungal therapy (20%) vs. antifungal therapy (7%). Yeast and hyphal fungal forms are more prevalent in symptomatic HIV-infection with moderate and severe suppression, and those receiving antiretroviral agents, but no antifungal medications. CONCLUSION Fungal organisms in the saliva may reflect oral carriage or mucosal colonization, which may influence the development of clinically significant candidiasis in these immunocompromised children.
An investigation of local patterns for estimation of distribution genetic programming

We present an improved estimation of distribution (EDA) genetic programming (GP) algorithm which does not rely upon a prototype tree. Instead of using a prototype tree, Operator-Free Genetic Programming learns the distribution of ancestor node chains, "n-grams", in a fit fraction of each generation's population. It then uses this information, via sampling, to create trees for the next generation. Ancestral n-grams are used because an analysis of a GP run conducted by learning depth first graphical models for each generation indicated their emergence as substructures of conditional dependence. We are able to show that our algorithm, without an operator and a prototype tree, achieves, on average, performance close to conventional tree based crossover GP on the problem we study. Our approach sets a direction for pattern-based EDA GP which off ers better tractability and improvements over GP with operators or EDAs using prototype trees.
Seismic Signatures of Hydrothermal Pathways Along the East Pacific Rise Between 9°16′ and 9°56′N

We apply wave equation‐based techniques to 2‐D seismic data to characterize the nature of zero‐age upper crust at the East Pacific Rise from 9°16′ to 9°56′N. The final velocity model reveals a number of low‐velocity anomalies, complex in shape, extending down to ~1 km below the seafloor. We attribute them to the presence of hydrothermal flow. Depending on their spatial correlation with the previously identified tectonic discontinuities in bathymetry and presence of venting, we classify them as downgoing and upgoing pathways, respectively. This distinction is not always clear; within the third‐order discontinuities at 9°20′ and 9°37′N, both pathways may be present. The region north of 9°44′N, known for its magmatic robustness and volcanic activity, is represented by five low‐velocity perturbations. Three of these anomalies are spatially correlated with the fourth‐order discontinuities and attributed to the presence of the on‐axis recharge zones. The remaining two anomalies underlie two vent clusters, marked as hydrothermally active sites after the last documented eruption event. These velocity anomalies can be thus identified as the up‐flow pathways or at least their remnants. By comparing our results to the available interdisciplinary data sets, we show that the interaction between the tectono‐magmatic and hydrothermal processes is not straightforward due to different timescales at which they operate. However, for developing, maintaining, and driving vigorous, high‐temperature hydrothermal flow, the high crustal permeability and high thermal regime must coexist in time and space.
Investigating The Preferences of The Learning Style in Third Language Learning at A Public University

Students learned in many different styles. Identifying the learning style of the student is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of both learning and teaching processes. Kolb's learning styles model and experiential learning theory are today acknowledged by academics and teachers and others, as fundamental concepts towards human learning behavior, and towards helping students to learn. This quantitative research is done to explore the learning style of a third language. The instrument used a survey adapted from (Honey and Mumford, 2002; Kolb’s Le arning Style, 1984). The study was completed by 420 respondents who were learning third language courses in Arabic, Mandarin, and Japanese. A quantitative survey consisting of 4 sections with items on the demographic profile and 40 items via Google Form using 5-Likert scales were used as the instruments. The findings revealed that the most preferred learning style among learners is Reflector, followed by Theorist, Pragmatist, and Activist. However, the variances in preferences lack significance for Theorists and Pragmatists. The results also revealed that third language learners’ learning style preferences are not related to gender, except for the Activist learning style, and are also not related to learners’ fields of study. Hence, educators, facilitators, universities, and policymakers need to grasp the importance of learning styles, as they play a crucial role in determining success in acquiring a third language. Additionally, educators should prioritize guiding students based on their learning styles rather than rigidly adhering to pedagogical approaches that instructors perceive as superior. Further research is recommended to explore the correlation between learning styles and performance in language learning.
Permutations Which Avoid 1243 and 2143, Continued Fractions, and Chebyshev Polynomials

Several authors have examined connections between permutations which avoid 132, continued fractions, and Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. In this paper we prove analogues of some of these results for permutations which avoid 1243 and 2143. Using tools developed to prove these analogues, we give enumerations and generating functions for permutations which avoid 1243, 2143, and certain additional patterns. We also give generating functions for permutations which avoid 1243 and 2143 and contain certain additional patterns exactly once. In all cases we express these generating functions in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind.
The Recombinant Sea Urchin Immune Effector Protein, rSpTransformer-E1, Binds to Phosphatidic Acid and Deforms Membranes

The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, possesses a sophisticated innate immune system that functions without adaptive capabilities and responds to pathogens effectively by expressing the highly diverse SpTransformer gene family (formerly the Sp185/333 gene family). The swift gene expression response and the sequence diversity of SpTransformer cDNAs suggest that the encoded proteins have immune functions. Individual sea urchins can express up to 260 distinct SpTransformer proteins, and their diversity suggests that different versions may have different functions. Although the deduced proteins are diverse, they share an overall structure of a hydrophobic leader, a glycine-rich N-terminal region, a histidine-rich region, and a C-terminal region. Circular dichroism analysis of a recombinant SpTransformer protein, rSpTransformer-E1 (rSpTrf-E1) demonstrates that it is intrinsically disordered and transforms to α helical in the presence of buffer additives and binding targets. Although native SpTrf proteins are associated with the membranes of perinuclear vesicles in the phagocyte class of coelomocytes and are present on the surface of small phagocytes, they have no predicted transmembrane region or conserved site for glycophosphatidylinositol linkage. To determine whether native SpTrf proteins associate with phagocyte membranes through interactions with lipids, when rSpTrf-E1 is incubated with lipid-embedded nylon strips, it binds to phosphatidic acid (PA) through both the glycine-rich region and the histidine-rich region. Synthetic liposomes composed of PA and phosphatidylcholine show binding between rSpTrf-E1 and PA by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, which is associated with leakage of luminal contents suggesting changes in lipid organization and perhaps liposome lysis. Interactions with liposomes also change membrane curvature leading to liposome budding, fusion, and invagination, which is associated with PA clustering induced by rSpTrf-E1 binding. Longer incubations result in the extraction of PA from the liposomes, which form disorganized clusters. CD shows that when rSpTrf-E1 binds to PA, it changes its secondary structure from disordered to α helical. These results provide evidence for how SpTransformer proteins may associate with molecules that have exposed phosphates including PA on cell membranes and how the characteristic of protein multimerization may drive changes in the organization of membrane lipids.
Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in PCOS women of postmenopausal age: a 21-year controlled follow-up study.

CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the metabolic syndrome and, consequently, with a potentially increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related mortality later in life. Studies regarding CVD and mortality in PCOS women well into the postmenopausal age are lacking. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine whether postmenopausal PCOS women differ from controls regarding cardiovascular risk factors, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted, at a university hospital, a prospective study of 35 PCOS women (61-79 yr) and 120 age-matched controls. The study was performed 21 yr after the initial study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) and 68 controls participated in all examinations. Data on morbidity were based on 32 of 34 PCOS women and on 95 of 119 controls. INTERVENTIONS INTERVENTIONS included reexamination, interviews, and data from the National Board of Health and Welfare and from the Hospital Discharge Registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A1 and B, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen were studied. Incidences of MI, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cause of death, and age at death were recorded. RESULTS PCOS women had a higher prevalence of hypertension (P = 0.008) and higher triglyceride levels (P = 0.012) than controls. MI, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and mortality prevalence was similar in the two cohorts with similar body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The well-described cardiovascular/metabolic risk profile in pre- and perimenopausal PCOS women does not entail an evident increase in cardiovascular events during the postmenopausal period.
The accumulation of specific types of proteoglycans in eroded plaques: a role in coronary thrombosis in the absence of rupture

Purpose of review Although fibrous cap rupture is the primary cause of coronary thrombosis, plaque erosion is responsible for 30%-40% of acute thrombotic events. The interface of the eroded surface involves a denuded endothelium allowing direct contact of the platelet/fibrin thrombus with the underlying lesion. This review discusses the putative role of extracellular matrix molecules, in particular proteoglycans/hyaluronan, in the development of acute coronary thrombosis associated with erosion. Recent findings The plaque/thrombus interface in erosion presents a unique surface since it consists of predominantly SMCs and proteoglycans with minimal or no inflammation. The lack of significant inflammation raises the possibility that erosion represents chronic wounding rather than true atherogenesis. The abundance of proteoglycan and hyaluronan matrix suggests their potential role in the development of thrombosis. Matrix changes may contribute to endothelial loss, the magnitude of the thrombotic event, or both. Versican facilitates platelet adhesion at low shear and cooperates with collagen to promote platelet aggregation. Further, versican may, in part, regulate water content and in turn support coagulation because water-dependent functionality of anticoagulation molecules. Finally, experimental models of plaque erosion are currently being developed guided by the premise that the loss of surface endothelium together with other procoagulant factors may underlie the development of platelet-rich thrombi. Summary The loss of endothelium and exposure of a potentially procoagulant versican-hyaluronan matrix may be largely responsible for plaque erosion. The development of relevant animal models should allow further insight into the pathophysiology of coronary thrombosis in the absence of rupture.
Therapeutic plasma exchange a potential strategy for patients with advanced heart failure

Background: Previous reports had emphasized the importance of humoral immunity in heart failure in humans, primarily determined by the presence of circulating antibodies. However, there is little or no information about the frequency of anticardiac antibodies present in failing human myocardium. Methods: Clinical data and myocardial tissue samples were analyzed to determine the role of humoral immunity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in different settings. Results: Anticardiac antibodies were found present in failing hearts but not in normal control hearts. Further, the level of expression of these anticardiac antibodies changed with the severity of the disease state; and in patients with acute heart failure, we found selective activation of B cells. Finally, treatment of CHF patients with therapeutic plasma exchange, a strategy that removes circulating antibodies, resulted in a reduction in anticardiac antibody deposition and improvements in cardiac function. Conclusion: These data collectively suggest a role of humoral immunity in the progression of heart failure. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing Time Series Anomaly Detection: A Hybrid Model Fusion Approach

Exploring and Identifying Anomalies in time-series data is very crucial in today’s world revolve around data. These data are being used to make important decisions; hence, an efficient and reliable anomaly detection system should be involved in this process to ensure that the best decisions are being made. The paper explores other types of anomalies and proposes efficient detection methods which can be used. Anomalies are patterns that deviate from usual expected behavior. These can come from system failures or unexpected activity. This research paper explores the vulnerabilities of commonly used anomaly detection algorithms such as the Z-Score and static threshold approach. Each method used in this paper has its unique capabilities and limitations. These methods range from using statistical methods and machine learning approaches to detecting anomalies in a time-series dataset. Furthermore, this paper explores other open-source libraries that can be used to detect anomalies, such as Greykite and Prophet Python library. This paper serves as a good source for anyone new to anomaly detection and willing to explore.
Coupled Long‐Term Simulation of Reach‐Scale Water and Heat Fluxes Across the River‐Groundwater Interface for Retrieving Hyporheic Residence Times and Temperature Dynamics

Flow patterns in conjunction with seasonal and diurnal temperature variations control ecological and biogeochemical conditions in hyporheic sediments. In particular, hyporheic temperatures have a great impact on many temperature‐sensitive microbial processes. In this study, we used 3‐D coupled water flow and heat transport simulations applying the HydroGeoSphere code in combination with high‐resolution observations of hydraulic heads and temperatures to quantify reach‐scale water and heat flux across the river‐groundwater interface and hyporheic temperature dynamics of a lowland gravel bed river. The model was calibrated in order to constrain estimates of the most sensitive model parameters. The magnitude and variations of the simulated temperatures matched the observed ones, with an average mean absolute error of 0.7°C and an average Nash Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.87. Our results indicate that nonsubmerged streambed structures such as gravel bars cause substantial thermal heterogeneity within the saturated sediment at the reach scale. Individual hyporheic flow path temperatures strongly depend on the flow path residence time, flow path depth, river, and groundwater temperature. Variations in individual hyporheic flow path temperatures were up to 7.9°C, significantly higher than the daily average (2.8°C), but still lower than the average seasonal hyporheic temperature difference (19.2°C). The distribution between flow path temperatures and residence times follows a power law relationship with exponent of about 0.37. Based on this empirical relation, we further estimated the influence of hyporheic flow path residence time and temperature on oxygen consumption which was found to partly increase by up to 29% in simulations.