Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Block of endplate channels by permeant cations in frog skeletal muscle

Motor endplates of frog semitendinosus muscles were studied under voltage clamp. Current fluctuations induced by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine were analyzed to give the elementary conductance, gamma , and mean open time, tau , of endplate channels. Total replacement of the external Na+ ion by several other metal ions and by many permeant organic cations changed both gamma and tau . Except with NH4+ ions, the gamma values with foreign test ions were all smaller than expected from the independence relation and their previously measured permeability ratios. The more hydrophobic ions gave the smallest gamma values. Foreign permeant cations also depress gamma when mixed with Na+ ions. These effects could be interpreted in terms of binding of ions to a saturable site within the endplate channel as they pass through. The site for organic ions would have a hydrophobic component. Similar evidence is given for a metal ion binding site on the cytoplasmic end of the channel accessible to internal ions. Most foreign cations also shortened tau when applied externally. The changes of gating did not seem to be correlated with changes in gamma . Thus there is no evidence for control of tau by ions bound within the pore.
Group authorization using threshold signatures for medical procedures

Digitalisation of the health sector is being adopted by many countries to deliver reliable healthcare services. In healthcare organisations, frauds are rampant possessing a serious threat to good governance. To control such malpractices we present the design of a system for group authorization in healthcare organisations. In this medical professionals are provided with some shares of a secret. To authorise any medical document at least threshold number of medical professionals have to offer their signatures shares. Only when enough number of valid signature shares get combined, the document gets authorised. Maintaining audit logs using the group signature can ensure non-repudiation. We implement threshold Gap Diffie-Hellman (GDH) signature scheme based on the concept of secret sharing for the proposed system. Also, we compare the results of our implementation with the basic RSA scheme. Our implementation has shorter key generation time as compared to a serial RSA scheme. Also, unlike RSA scheme supports the very idea of threshold signatures. Incorporating proposed group authorization system can prevent frauds and corruption in the healthcare sector by providing transparency and accountability.
EEG Signals Analysis Using Multiscale Entropy for Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring during Surgery through Artificial Neural Networks

In order to build a reliable index to monitor the depth of anesthesia (DOA), many algorithms have been proposed in recent years, one of which is sample entropy (SampEn), a commonly used and important tool to measure the regularity of data series. However, SampEn only estimates the complexity of signals on one time scale. In this study, a new approach is introduced using multiscale entropy (MSE) considering the structure information over different time scales. The entropy values over different time scales calculated through MSE are applied as the input data to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model using bispectral index (BIS) or expert assessment of conscious level (EACL) as the target. To test the performance of the new index's sensitivity to artifacts, we compared the results before and after filtration by multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). The new approach via ANN is utilized in real EEG signals collected from 26 patients before and after filtering by MEMD, respectively; the results show that is a higher correlation between index from the proposed approach and the gold standard compared with SampEn. Moreover, the proposed approach is more structurally robust to noise and artifacts which indicates that it can be used for monitoring the DOA more accurately.
The Rate and Risk Factors of Pospartum Depression in Sana’a Yemen

This cross – sectional study was done to assess the rate and risk factors of postpartum depression among women who had given birth between 4 – 6 weeks prior to interview in four public medical centers of Sana’a city over a period from February to July 2016. We administered the Edinburgh postnatal Depression Scale to 642 women. Among these, 97 women had scored ≥ 12, giving the rate of 15.1% of postpartum depression. Mothers with this condition were more likely to have unwanted pregnancy, recent conflict with husbands / family, financial hardship, anxiety and health problems during pregnancy, and difficulties in breastfeeding. The study revealed a high rate of postpartum depression. Although it is recognized that timing and ideal interval for screening is unknown such screening would increase detection, treatment and improve health outcomes of women and their children.
EKF-SLAM for AUV navigation under probabilistic sonar scan-matching

This paper proposes a pose-based algorithm to solve the full Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) problem for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), navigating in an unknown and possibly unstructured environment. A probabilistic scan matching technique using range scans gathered from a Mechanical Scanning Imaging Sonar (MSIS) is used together with the robot dead-reckoning displacements. The proposed method utilizes two Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs). The first, estimates the local path traveled by the robot while forming the scan as well as its uncertainty, providing position estimates for correcting the distortions that the vehicle motion produces in the acoustic images. The second is an augmented state EKF that estimates and keeps the registered scans poses. The raw data from the sensors are processed and fused in-line. No priory structural information or initial pose are considered. Also, a method of estimating the uncertainty of the scan matching estimation is provided. The algorithm has been tested on an AUV guided along a 600 m path within a marina environment, showing the viability of the proposed approach.
Prognostic factors and treatment-related outcome in patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma.

UNLABELLED A retrospective analysis was performed in order to evaluate prognostic factors and treatment-related outcome in patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1989 and 2003 forty-five patients with UPSC were treated at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), and therefore were included in the analysis. Age, race, history, tumor stage and grade, invasion and metastasis, treatment and outcome for each patient were evaluated. RESULTS According to FIGO classification, Stage I, II, III, and IV tumors were identified in 36%, 9%, 44%, and 11% of the patients, respectively. At the time of analysis, 37.8% of patients (17/45) were dead due to disease, with a mean survival of 22 months (SD +/- 7.5 months). Cause-specific survival for the entire group was 69%, 66%, and 58% at 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. With respect to disease stage, 5-year cause-specific survival for stage I, II, III, and IV was 100%, 75%, 43%, and 0%, respectively. Univariate analysis comparing cause-specific survival curves demonstrated a statistically significant difference for disease stage (p < 0.0001) and depth of myometrial invasion (p = 0.008). However, in multivariate analysis, only disease stage had a significant impact on cause-specific survival (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Disease stage is the only independent significant prognostic factor regarding cause-specific survival in patients with UPSC.
Acoustic metrics of vowel articulation in Parkinson's disease: vowel space area (VSA) vs. vowel articulation index (VAI)

acoustic analysis of speech is a powerful, noninvasive, and cost effective tool to study different aspects of motor speech disorders such as the dysarthria associated with pd. in this presentation we will discuss the rationale for using acoustic analysis, its advantages and disadvantages, and methods to overcome these disadvantages. as an example, we will address the use of vowel space area (vsa) in the study of dysarthric vowel articulation in pd. although the vsa is theoretically driven, it is highly sensitive to inter-speaker variability, which, statistically speaking, introduces noise. this noise can mask important differences that do exist between speakers with and without pd. some of this noise can be reduced by logarithmic transformation of the formant frequencies. however, even with this transformation, some statistical noise might be still present. recently sapir and colleagues introduced two acoustic metrics-the vowel articulation index (vai) and its inverse, the formant centralization ratio (fcr)-that are theoretically driven and empirically tested. these metrics show promise as they effectively reduce inter-speaker variability noise while maintaining high sensitivity to vowel centralization (the latter reflecting abnormally reduced (hypokinetic) articulatory movements in pd). data will be presented of 38 individuals with parkinson's disease and 14 healthy controls whose speech was effectively differentiated by the vai, but not the vsa, yet the logarithmically scaled vsa (lnvsa) did significantly differentiate between dysarthric and normal speech, although not as strongly as the vai.
THE LOCALIZATION OF SPECTRA WITH RESPECT TO HOMOLOGY

IN [8] WE studied localizations of spaces with respect to homology, and we now develop the analogous stable theory. Let Ho” denote the stable homotopy category of CW-spectra. We show that each spectrum E E Ho” gives rise to a natural E*localization functor ( )E: Ho” -+HoS and n : 1 +( )E. For A E Ho”, v:A-+AE is the terminal example of an E*-equivalence going out of A in Ho”. After proving the existence of ES-localizations, we develop their basic properties and discuss in detail the cases where E is connective and E = K. Using EJocalization theory, we obtain results on the convergence of the E*-Adams spectral sequence, and on the class A(Ho”) of acyclicity types of spectra, see [9]. The paper is sectioned as follows: 91. E*-localizations and E*-acyclizations of spectra; 42. Localizations with respect to Moore spectra; 93. General examples of E*-localizations; 34. K-theoretic localizations of spectra; 05. The E*-Adams spectral sequence and the E-nilpotent completion; 06. Convergence theorems for the E*Adams spectral sequence; P7. Duality in &Ho”). E*-localizations of spectra were previously studied by Adams, who sketched a useful outline of the subject in 141. However, the first complete existence proof for such localizations was obtained by the author as an immediate corrollary of work on EJocalizations of spaces, see [8]. The relevant proofs in [81 may be stabilized by using Kan’s semi-simplicial spectra in place of simplicial sets. That approach also shows the existence of “ES-factorizations” for maps of spectra and leads to a Quillen model category framework for “stable homotopy theory with respect to Es. ” To make the present exposition more understandable we omit these topics and work in the homotopy category of CW-spectra. This paper grew out of an attempt to understand Doug Ravenel’s work on localizations of spectra with respect to certain periodic homology theories [17], and we are indebted to him for explaining his ideas. We are also indebted to Mark Mahowald and Haynes Miller for supplying the homotopy theoretic theorem underlying our approach to K*-localizations, and we have been significantly influenced by Guido Mislin’s work on K*-localizations of spaces [ 161. We understand that various results in this paper, particularly in 54, were obtained by Frank Adams and David Baird in earlier unpublished work, and that some have been obtained independently by W. Dwyer (unpublished). We essentially use the notation and terminology of [4]. However, we let Ho” be the category of CW-spectra and homotopy classes of maps of degree 0, see [4], p. 144. Thus HO” is an additive category equipped with an equivalence C : Ho” --f Ho” induced by the “shift” suspension for CW-spectra. We let [X, Y] be the group of morphisms
Information-seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers

Purpose – The study examines two aspects of information seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers including methods applied for keeping up-to-date and methods used for finding articles. The relationship between academic status and research field of users with their information seeking behaviour was investigated. Methodology/approach – Data were gathered using a questionnaire survey of PhD students and staff of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London; 114 people (47.1 per cent response rate) participated in the survey. Findings – The study reveals differences among subfields of physics and astronomy in terms of information-seeking behaviour, highlights the need for and the value of looking at narrower subject communities within disciplines for a deeper understanding of the information behaviour of scientists. Originality/value – The study is the first study to deeply investigate intradisciplinary dissimilarities of information-seeking behaviour of scientists in a discipline. It is also an up-to-date account of information seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers.
Inborn and experience-dependent models of categorical brain organization. A position paper

The present review aims to summarize the debate in contemporary neuroscience between inborn and experience-dependent models of conceptual representations that goes back to the description of category-specific semantic disorders for biological and artifact categories. Experience-dependent models suggest that categorical disorders are the by-product of the differential weighting of different sources of knowledge in the representation of biological and artifact categories. These models maintain that semantic disorders are not really category-specific, because they do not respect the boundaries between different categories. They also argue that the brain structures which are disrupted in a given type of category-specific semantic disorder should correspond to the areas of convergence of the sensory-motor information which play a major role in the construction of that category. Furthermore, they provide a simple interpretation of gender-related categorical effects and are supported by studies assessing the importance of prior experience in the cortical representation of objects On the other hand, inborn models maintain that category-specific semantic disorders reflect the disruption of innate brain networks, which are shaped by natural selection to allow rapid identification of objects that are very relevant for survival. From the empirical point of view, these models are mainly supported by observations of blind subjects, which suggest that visual experience is not necessary for the emergence of category-specificity in the ventral stream of visual processing. The weight of the data supporting experience-dependent and inborn models is thoroughly discussed, stressing the fact observations made in blind subjects are still the subject of intense debate. It is concluded that at the present state of knowledge it is not possible to choose between experience-dependent and inborn models of conceptual representations.
The Antiproliferative Effect of Lidocaine on Human Tongue Cancer Cells with Inhibition of the Activity of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Local anesthetics suppress proliferation in several cancer cells. The mechanism of the suppression, however, is unknown. Our previous study shows that lidocaine, at the level of tissue concentration under topical or local administration, has a direct inhibitory effect on the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is a potential target for antiproliferation in cancer cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that lidocaine would suppress the proliferation of cancer cells through the inhibition of EGFR activity. We investigated the effects of lidocaine (40–4000 &mgr;M) on proliferation of a human tongue cancer cell line, CAL27, which has a high level of EGFR expression, and also examined the effect of lidocaine on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated autophosphorylation of EGFR in CAL27 cells. A clinical concentration of lidocaine (400 &mgr;M) suppressed both serum-induced and EGF-induced proliferation of CAL27 cells and inhibited EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR without cytotoxicity. A larger concentration of lidocaine (4000 &mgr;M) showed cytotoxicity with an antiproliferative effect. We suggest that the inhibition of EGF-stimulated EGFR activity is one of the mechanisms of the antiproliferative effect of lidocaine on CAL27 cells. Lidocaine administered topically within the oral cavity for cancer pain relief may suppress the proliferation of human tongue cancer cells.
Einstein Metrics, Four-Manifolds, and Differential Topology

This article presents a new and more elementary proof of the main Seiberg-Witten-based obstruction to the existence of Einstein metrics on smooth compact 4-manifolds. It also introduces a new smooth manifold invariant which conveniently encapsulates those aspects of Seiberg-Witten theory most relevant to the study of Riemannian variational problems on 4-manifolds.
Relationships of lead in breast milk to lead in blood, urine, and diet of the infant and mother.

We have obtained stable lead isotope and lead concentration data from a longitudinal study of mobilization of lead from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy and lactation and in which the newly born infants were monitored for 6 months postpartum to evaluate the effects of the local environment on lead body burden of the infant. Samples of maternal and infant blood, urine, and diet and especially breast milk were measured for 21 mothers and 24 infants. Blood lead concentrations were less than 5 microg/dl in all except one subject. The mean lead concentration in breast milk +/- standard deviation was 0.73 +/- 0.70 microg/kg. In seven subjects for whom serial breast milk sampling was possible, the lead concentration varied by factors of from 2 to 4, and for three subjects there was an increase at or after 90 days postpartum. For the first 60-90 days postpartum, the contribution from breast milk to blood lead in the infants varied from 36 to 80%. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated statistically significant relationships for some of the variables of isotope ratios and lead concentrations between breast milk, blood, urine, and diet for infants and mothers. For example, the analyses revealed that both a mother's breast milk 207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb ratios and lead concentration provide information to predict her infant's blood 207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb ratios. The major sources of lead in breast milk are from the maternal bone and diet. An evaluation of breast milk lead concentrations published over the last 15 years indicates that studies in which the ratio of lead concentrations in breast milk to lead concentrations in whole maternal blood (Multiple>100) were greater than 15 should be viewed with caution because of potential contamination during sampling and/or laboratory analyses. Selected studies also appear to show a linear relationship between breast milk and maternal whole blood, with the percentage of lead in breast milk compared with whole blood of <3% in subjects with blood lead levels ranging from 2 to 34 microgram/dl. The levels of lead in breast milk are thus similar to those in plasma. Breast-fed infants are only at risk if the mother is exposed to high concentrations of contaminants either from endogenous sources such as the skeleton or exogenous sources. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3
Relationship of anatomic disease to appropriateness ratings of coronary angiography.

BACKGROUND At Harvard Community Health Plan (HCHP), Brookline, Mass, a mixed-model health maintenance organization (HMO), coronary angiography is performed at numerous community and tertiary-level teaching hospitals. OBJECTIVE To determine the appropriateness of coronary angiography within HCHP according to RAND (1992) criteria and to examine the relationship between the appropriateness rating and (1) the clinical indication for catheterization and (2) the extent of anatomic disease. METHOD A retrospective, randomized hospital medical record review of 292 patients enrolled in HCHP who underwent coronary angiography in 1992, stratified by four distinct HCHP subgroups. RESULTS Of the coronary angiographies reviewed, 78% were rated appropriate, 16% uncertain, and only 6% inappropriate across the entire sample. Ratings were comparable in all subdivisions of HCHP despite an incidence rate of catheterization in one of the three HMO divisions that was 60% and 40% higher than in the other two divisions. The lowest appropriateness ratings were for Asymptomatic patients (43%) and those with Chest Pain of Uncertain Origin (35%) (capital letters refer to the RAND clinical indication criteria mentioned above). A rating of necessity was not a better discriminator of anatomic disease than a rating of appropriateness alone: 82% and 84%, respectively, were found to have disease by angiography. CONCLUSION The low HCHP rate of inappropriateness for coronary angiography is comparable with the RAND 1992 New York State data. This finding, coupled with marked differences in the incidence rate of this procedure among the HCHP divisions, is consistent with either major differences in the sickness of the HMO's sub-populations or, more likely, a lack of specificity of the RAND criteria for coronary angiography.
Ugandan Men's Attitudes Toward Their Partner's Participation in Antenatal HIV Testing

Several authors have shown that women's uptake of antenatal HIV testing is influenced by fear of their partners’ reactions. We conducted a qualitative study with 40 Ugandan men to examine their attitudes toward their partners' participation in antenatal HIV testing. Most men believed women should consult their husbands prior to HIV testing to avoid negative consequences and facilitate disclosure. When women tested during routine antenatal care, however, the need to obtain permission was considered less important. These findings lend support to the practice of routine antenatal HIV testing as an acceptable way for women to test independently of their partners.
‘Minds Were Forced Wide Open’: Black adolescents’ identity exploration in a transformative social justice class

Theories imply that transformative teaching influences positive identity development, but empirical studies of this relationship are sparse. It is clear that good teaching can positively influence youth; however, it is less clear how good teachers influence positive identity outcomes in youth, and in particular Black youth. We examined the identity exploration of 13 former Black students of a high school transformative social justice class. Drawing from a larger qualitative study that addressed transformative social justice and adolescent development, the current analysis focused on the subset of factors that contributed to identity exploration and beliefs about civic responsibility in one’s career and personal life. Results revealed an emphasis on civic and career identity exploration, feeling agentic and self-assured, and reconsidering privilege. Findings are discussed in terms of transformative social justice enhancing Black youths’ investment in their development.