Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time in Strategic Change Research

In ever-changing environments, strategic change manifests as a crucial concern for firms and is thus central to the fields ofmanagement and strategy. Common and foundational to all strategic change research is time—whether recognized in the extant studies or not. In this article, we critically review the existing body of knowledge through a time lens. We organize this review along (1) conceptions of time in strategic change, (2) time and strategic change activities, and (3) time and strategic change agents. This approach facilitates our assessment of what scholars do and do not know about strategic change, especially its temporal components. Our review has particularly revealed a need to advance scholarly understanding about the processual dynamics of strategic change. We thus extend our assessment by proposing six pathways for advancing future research on strategic change that aim at fostering an understanding of its processual dynamics: (1) temporality, (2) actors, (3) emotionality, (4) tools and practices, (5) complexity, and (6) tensions.
Digital Natives? New and Old Media and Children's Outcomes

The current generation of young children has been described as ‘digital natives’, having been born into a ubiquitous digital media environment. They are envisaged as educationally independent of the guided interaction provided by ‘digital immigrants’: parents and teachers. This article uses data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) to study the development of vocabulary and traditional literacy in children aged from 0 to 8 years; their access to digital devices; parental mediation practices; children's use of digital devices as recorded in time-diaries; and, finally, the association between patterns of media use and family contexts on children's learning. The analysis shows the importance of the parental context in framing media use for acquiring vocabulary, and suggests that computer (but not games) use is associated with more developed language skills. Independently of these factors, raw exposure to television is not harmful to learning.
Why Do We Care for Old Parents? Evolutionary Genetic Model of Elderly Caring

From the standpoint of evolution, caring for old parents may be maladaptive, because they have ceased reproduction, so that the benefit for inclusive fitness may not be expected. Then why do we care for old parents? In this study, the evolution of care for the elderly was examined, by using an evolutionary genetic model, in which pleiotropic constraints between behaviors expressed in different social contexts among family members were assumed. It was suggested that establishing a solid relationship with parents during infancy should be selectively favorable, even though old parents have to be cared for in the future, but that caring for old parents may be excluded from the population if this behavior imposes high costs on reproduction of the younger generation. Despite the diminishing numbers of individuals within the population, care for the elderly may not be readily selected against, but at the same time this may not contribute to the rate of increase in population size. The significance of discussing the behavior of elderly caring from the standpoint of evolutionary genetics was emphasized.
Controlled trial of a multifaceted intervention for improving quality of care for rural patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Despite good evidence and clinical practice guidelines, studies document that treatment of type 2 diabetes is less than optimal. Lack of resources or limited access may put patients in rural communities at particular risk for suboptimal care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, before/after study with concurrent controls to assess the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary diabetes outreach service (intervention) for improving the quality of care for rural patients with type 2 diabetes. Our intervention consisted of six monthly visits by a traveling team of specialist physicians, nurses, dieticians, and a pharmacist. The core of this service was specialist-to-rural primary care physician academic group detailing. Two comparable regions in Northern Alberta were randomly allocated to control or intervention. Data were collected before and 6 months after intervention in a representative volunteer sample. The primary outcome was a 10% improvement in any one of the following: blood pressure, total cholesterol, or HbA(1c). RESULTS Our analysis included 200 intervention and 179 control subjects; 14 subjects were at all three primary outcome targets at baseline. The intervention was associated with a trend toward improvement in primary outcome at 6 months (44% intervention vs. 37% control; odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 0.87-1.99). The intervention was associated with a significant improvement in blood pressure (42% intervention vs. 25% control, P = 0.004); however, there were only small, nonsignificant changes in cholesterol or HbA(1c). The intervention was associated with a significant increase in satisfaction with diabetes care. Multivariate adjustment for baseline differences between intervention and control subjects did not affect any of the main results. CONCLUSIONS A diabetes outreach service has the potential to improve the quality of diabetes care for rural patients. Future studies need to involve longer timelines and larger sample sizes.
A schematic model of dispositional attribution in interpersonal perception.

Previous research on dispositional attribution has failed to take into account how the inference process may be affected by variations in schematic representation of dispositional attributes. A schema is denned here as a set of implicational links between dispositional levels and categories of relevant behaviors. Three general schemata are discussed—the partially restrictive schema, the hierarchically restrictive schema, and the fully restrictive schema—each having different implications for the rules of inference employed in making attributions based on observed behaviors. Relevant research on utilization of information regarding consensus, situational context, and actor's past behavior is reviewed in this framework.
A Majority Group’s Perspective-taking Towards a Minority Group

This research investigates the impact of perspective-taking on a majority group’s support for government action to help a minority group. Data among a sample of Indonesian Muslims (N = 380), representing a religious majority group in Indonesia, showed that perspective-taking was a strong positive predictor of Muslims’ support for government action to help Christian minority. Relative Muslim prototypicality vis-à-vis Christians depressed perspective-taking. Contrariwise, inclusive victimhood reflecting a perception that Muslims are equally afflicted relative to Christians in intergroup conflicts, involving both groups, promoted perspective-taking. Relative Muslim prototypicality was augmented by the extent to which this majority group glorified Islam and was motivated to protect Islamic power. However, inclusive victimhood instead attenuated relative Muslim prototypicality. These findings suggest the importance of enhancing inclusive victimhood, given its impact in promoting perspective-taking which is beneficial to the majority’s support for minority helping.
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis

Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of fatality worldwide. Sepsis is a multi-step process that involves an uncontrolled inflammatory response by the host cells that may result in multi organ failure and death. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria play a major role in causing sepsis. These bacteria produce a range of virulence factors that enable them to escape the immune defenses and disseminate to remote organs, and toxins that interact with host cells via specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger a dysregulated immune response. Over the past decade, our understanding of toxins has markedly improved, allowing for new therapeutic strategies to be developed. This review summarizes some of these toxins and their role in sepsis.
Endogenous Growth Theory and Regional Development: A ‘New’ Modeling Approach

Introduction 1.1 There has been a flowering of theoretical literature in “ new” or endogenous growth theory in the last decade, primarily motivated by the divergent growth experiences of different countries, which the neoclassical growth theory of the Solow (1956)-Swan (1956) genre is incapable of addressing. The path-breaking works of Romer (1986, 1990), Lucas (1988), Prescott and Boyd (1987), Rebelo (1991), Grossman and Helpman (1991) and Aghion and Howitt (1992) demonstrate how the technology (or new knowledge -capital) can be endogenized in a dynamic general equilibrium framework in which all factors including the factors that supply new ‘knowledge’ or technology are paid their marginal products. Growth theory bounced back in the last decade with a passionate search of the fundamental questions of economic growth and development: “ Why Are We So Rich and They Poor? ”(David S. Landes, 1990) or, “ Is there some action that a government of India could take that would lead the Indian economy to grow like Indonesia’s or Egypt’s? If so, what exactly? If not, what is it about the ‘nature of
The Discovery of the Other in Social and Cultural Psychology

In 1972, the historian Colin Morris wrote a marvelous book titled The Discovery of the Individual, 1050-1200. It describes how, during Europe’s middle ages, an understanding of self was discovered that made, as Morris claims, a “new psychology” possible. The discovery was something that modern humans take for granted: Individual actions are determined by people’s psychological makeup. The present special issue in some sense challenges this new psychology and its inherent individualism. Human behavior is not merely shaped by what is in the mind, but also by processes that occur between minds. All articles in this special issue advance the idea that human social behavior is shaped by knowledge structures which are intersubjective. This may take various forms: Human behavior and cognition is shaped by subjective representations of “us” as well as by various other properties of “us,” such as social norms. The breadth of the empirical evidence to support this approach, as reviewed in this special issue, illustrates the major steps forward being made. In this commentary, we argue that this new perspective offers a real and tangible opportunity for the integration of literatures about culture, social identity (SI), social networks, and small-group processes. This integration, as we argue, is much needed. It paves the way for the formulation of alternatives to cognitive-individualist conceptions of culture and identity: an approach in which the other is more than a mere stimulus.
An Identity-Based Encryption Scheme for Broadcasting

It is a challenge to find out suitable cryptography for wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to limitations of power, computation capability and storage resources. Many schemes based on public or symmetric key cryptography are investigated. We propose an identity-based broadcast encryption scheme, which can be used for key distribution or directly broadcasting message. The scheme is also suitable for general kind of networks. We review first identity-based encryption (IBE) and decryption, particularly, the Boneh-Franklin (BF) algorithm. Then we describe a key agreement and encryption scheme based on the Boneh-Franklin algorithms. We discuss the efficiency and security of our scheme by comparing with traditional public key technique and symmetric key technique.
Mondialisation, conditions de travail et santé

Cette these s’applique a explorer dans quelle mesure et par quels mecanismes lamondialisation, au travers de ses differentes composantes, impacte la sante des travailleurseuropeens. Dans une premiere partie, nous exposons les consequences socio-economiques de cephenomene. Dans une deuxieme partie, nous montrons que l’exposition concurrentielleinternationale constitue un facteur de risque pour la sante des travailleurs non qualifies. Lesfacteurs individuels et organisationnels sont neanmoins les plus a meme d’expliquer la prevalencede troubles physiques et mentaux chez l’ensemble des travailleurs. La mondialisation impliqueaussi de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles liees a l’internationalisation des firmes, une autrefacette de la mondialisation. Nous soulignons que les travailleurs doivent ainsi trouver lesressources necessaires pour rester attractifs dans ce monde en perpetuelle evolution. Dans unetroisieme partie, nous exposons que la mondialisation favorise le developpement des activites deservices dans les pays industrialises. En parallele, l'organisation de type "lean" est mise en placedans ces secteurs et la pression concurrentielle s’accroit. Ces changements impactent les conditionsde realisation du travail. Dans ce contexte, la sante se trouve degradee par des facteurs de risqueen evolution, parmi eux l’intensite du travail liees aux relations interpersonnelles. Enfin, nousmontrons que la Responsabilite Sociale de l’Entreprise apparait comme une solution dont lesentreprises peuvent s’emparer pour ameliorer la sante de leurs travailleurs et par consequent, leurperformance sociale et financiere.
Foreign Exchange Market Interventions and the $-¥ Exchange Rate in the Long Run

This paper tries to clarify the question of whether foreign exchange market interventions conducted by the Bank of Japan are important for the dollar-yen exchange rate in the long run. Our strategy relies on a re-examination of the empirical performance of a monetary exchange rate model. This is basically not a new topic; however, we put our focus on two new questions. Firstly, does the consideration of periods of massive interventions in the foreign exchange market help to uncover a potential long-run relationship between the exchange rate and its fundamentals? Secondly, do Forex interventions support the adjustment towards a long-run equilibrium value? Our overall results suggest that taking periods of interventions into account within a monetary model does improve the goodness of fit of an identified long-run relationship to a significant degree. Furthermore, Forex interventions increase the speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium in some periods, particularly in periods of coordinated forex interventions. Our results indicate that only coordinated interventions seem to stabilize the dollar-yen exchange rate in a long-run perspective. This is a novel contribution to the literature.
Relative Demand Shocks . 1

“Relative Demand Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations and Sectors’ Comovement for the US Economy” This paper introduces the concept of relative demand shocks into a multi-sector model. Relative demand shocks change the instantaneous structure of preferences. Under relative demand shocks consumer tastes randomly shift across different commodities, as manifested by unexpected relative increases or decreases in the marginal utility of the various consumption goods. There are no technology (productivity) shocks in the model. There are three main results. First, the model proposes an original theoretical mechanism, for generating aggregate fluctuations and sectors’ comovement by using inter-sectoral and idiosyncratic shocks. This mechanism is complementary to the standard Real Business Cycle theory. Relative demand shocks change the desired composition of consumption expenditure on a period by period basis, thereby inducing an inter-sectoral and intertemporal resource reallocation. A consequence of this variation is that consumers’ subjective discount factor changes in tandem with the current compositions of consumption expenditure. Second, the model is effectively able to reproduce the main stylized facts of the US economy, also those that the standard Real Business Cycle model fails to explain. The labor market regularities, and the observed correlations between aggregate output with the aggregate consumption and investment, with price index and with the inflation rate are also matched (at all lags and leads). Third, the model generates a false “Solow Residual”, even though there is not technological progress. Its size and time series properties are analogous to the actual Solow Residual. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers : F11, E320
Red blood cell variables in highly trained pubescent athletes: a comparative analysis

Background—A suboptimal haematological status has often been recorded in athletes involved in intensive physical activity. There have even been reports of “sports anaemia” associated with intensive physical exercise. However, studies on the effect of different types of exercise practiced over a long period of time on the red blood cell variables in pubescent athletes are very few. Aim—To assess the basic red blood cell variables in highly trained pubescent athletes from different sports and to compare the results with those for a control untrained group. Sex related differences in these variables were also assessed. Methods—876 highly trained athletes (559 boys and 317 girls) were included in the study. Their mean (SEM) age, weight, and duration of training were: 14.01 (0.06) years, 56.24 (0.52) kg, and 3.52 (0.07) years respectively. The control group consisted of 357 untrained subjects (171 boys and 186 girls) with mean (SEM) age and weight of 14.58 (0.09) years and 57.75 (0.67) kg. The group of athletes was divided into seven subgroups according to the sport practiced: athletics (105), swimming (107), rowing (230), wrestling (225), weight lifting (47), various team sports (92), and other sports (67). Venous blood samples were drawn from the cubital vein, and the red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular volume were measured. Statistical indices were computed for each group and for each variable, and analysis of variance factorial analysis was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences detected. Results—The highly trained group was found to have lower red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin concentration (p<0.001) than the control untrained group (4.61 (0.01) × 1012/1 v 4.75 (0.02) × 1012/l, 0.389 (0.001) v 0.404 (0.002) l/l, and 133.01 (0.38) v 139.9 (0.62) g/l respectively). These variables were lower for the boys of the trained group than for the boys of the control group (p<0.001), and similarly for the girls (p<0.001). The lowest red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin concentration were measured in blood samples from the boys of the swimming subgroup (4.54 (0.06) × 1012/l, 0.386 (0.006) l/l, and 129.38 (1.80) g/1 respectively) and the rowing subgroup (4.66 (0.03) × 1012/l, 0.400 (0.003) l/l, and 136.21 (0.94) respectively). The same distribution was found for the girls: lowest in the rowing subgroup (4.32 (0.04) × 1012/1, 0.314 (0.003) l/l, and 124.27 (0.93) g/1) and the swimming subgroup (4.40 (0.05) × 1012/l, 0.375 (0.005) l/l, and 125.90 (1.30) g/1). No differences were found in the mean corpuscular volume. Conclusions—Continuous (more than one year) high intensity sports training (twice a day/five days a week) results in a decrease in the basic red blood cell variables in pubescent boys and girls, this being most pronounced in the submaximal sports.
Reduction in incidence and fatality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in females of the reproductive age.

AIMS The aim of this study was to determine relative risk (RR) of incidence and fatality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by gender and oestrogen status. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective, population-based observational study from 1998 through 2007, incidence and neurologically intact 1-month survival after OHCA were compared by gender after grouping: 0-12 years, 13-49 years, and > or =50 years according to menarche and menopause age. Among 26 940 cardiac arrests, there were 11 179 females and 15 701 males. Age-adjusted RR of females for OHCA incidence compared with males was 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58-0.91] in age 0-12 years, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.37-0.43) in age 13-49 years, and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.52-0.55) in age > or =50 years. Females aged 13-49 years had a significantly higher good neurological outcome than males [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.00 (95% CI 1.21-3.32)]. This sex difference was larger than that in the other age groups [adjusted OR, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.06-12.02) in age 0-12 years and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.98-1.54) in age > or =50 years]. CONCLUSION Reproductive females had a lower incidence and a better outcome of OHCA than females of other ages and males, which might be explained by cardioprotective effects of endogenous oestrogen on OHCA.
Variation in the expression of ergot alkaloids between individual tillers of perennial ryegrass

Epichloë fungal endophytes of cool season grasses are well-known to produce a range of alkaloids of benefit to the host. Some of these compounds are advantageous to agriculture due to qualities that promote pasture persistence (e.g., the loline class of alkaloids confer insect protection) while others are detrimental to the well-being of grazing livestock. The ergot alkaloids (e.g., ergovaline), produced in ryegrass and tall fescue associations, causes poor animal health in farming regions in many countries around the world and further study is required to improve our knowledge on this class of compounds. Here we present the application of a quantitative LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) method measuring eight ergot alkaloids (chanoclavine, agroclavine, elymoclavine, lysergol, lysergic acid, ergine, lysergyl-alanine, ergovaline) produced by endophyte infected grasses, to monitor levels in individual tillers from multiple plants of a single cultivar of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. “Grasslands Samson”) infected with a common toxic endophyte strain (Epichloë festucae var. lolii). Monitoring the expression in individual tillers allows an estimation of the variability within a plant (between tillers) as well as between plants. The study showed that there is significant variation in the concentration of the ergot alkaloids between tillers of a single plant, at or exceeding the level of variation observed between individual plants of a population. This result emphasizes the fundamental importance of robust experimental design and sampling procedures when alkaloid expression assessment is required and these need to be rigorously tailored to the hypothesis being tested.
Longitudinal Effects of Teacher Use of a Computer Data System on Student Achievement

Does data use make a difference in student achievement? Despite the field’s optimism on this matter, relatively few studies have attempted to quantify the effects of data use. These studies have often used the presence of a data use intervention (e.g., a data system or data coaching) as a proxy for use, as opposed to tracking teachers’ direct interactions with data, via data system click logs, for example. Accordingly, the present study sought to address this methodological gap by exploring the 2-year effects of data use through a multilevel cross-classified model of teachers’ system interactions and student achievement. A significant relationship was found between system use and elementary reading, but no significant relationships were found for elementary math, junior high math, or junior high reading. The implications of this study on how to conceptualize and measure use, as well as how to support practitioners, are discussed.