Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving Low-Cost Solar PV : Industry Workshop Recommendations for Near-Term Balance of System Cost Reductions

Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity offers enormous potential to contribute to a low-carbon electrical system. However, costs must drop to fundamentally lower levels if this technology is to play a significant role in meeting U.S. energy needs. " Balance of system " (BoS) costs (all costs except the PV module) currently account for about half the installed cost of a commercial or utility PV system. Module price declines without corresponding reductions in BoS costs will hamper system cost competitiveness and adoption. 1 an industry-wide event organized in June 2010. 2 It focuses on BoS costs for rigid, rectangular modules installed in commercial and utility systems up to 20 MW capacity. The design strategies and recommendations in this report lay the foundations for near-term cost reductions of ~50% over current best practices. These reductions exceed current trajectories, and if implemented, can enable greater solar PV adoption. We hope this report will prove useful to a wide range of solar industry stakeholders and interested observers. Beyond the near-term focus of this report, many diverse and potentially " game-changing " PV cells and module technologies are being developed and/ or launched. Some of these could prompt drastic cost reduction, but even if those technologies succeed, their ability to scale quickly is unknown so the country cannot wait for a technological breakthrough. Finally, it is important to recognize that solar PV is only one piece of a low-carbon energy system, which must include a portfolio of efficiency and clean technologies. 1 A charrette is an intensive, transdisciplinary, roundtable design workshop with ambitious deliverables and strong systems integration. Over a three-day period, the Solar PV BoS charrette identified and analyzed cost reduction strategies through a combination of breakout groups focused on specific issues (rooftop installation, ground-mounted installation, electrical components and interconnection, business processes) and plenary sessions focused on feedback and integration. 2 Some of the recommendations emerged after the charrette, through discussions with participants and other contributors. The Solar PV BoS Design Charrette would not have been possible without the generous support of the following partners: Technical Sponsors: In addition, we would like to thank the charrette participants, RMI staff and partners, and other contributors to this project.
The clinical implication of serum cyclophilin A in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a secreted molecule that is regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Although inflammation has an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), little is known regarding the relationship between serum CyPA and COPD. Methods Ninety-three COPD patients with acute exacerbation were enrolled in the study and were reassessed during the convalescence phase. Eighty-eight controls were matched for age, gender, body mass index, smoking index and comorbidity. The basic clinical information and pulmonary function of all participants were collected. Serum levels of CyPA and other inflammation indexes were further measured. Results Serum CyPA was significantly increased in convalescent COPD patients compared to healthy controls, and further elevated in COPD patients with acute exacerbation. Serum CyPA positively correlated with serum interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in both the exacerbation and convalescence phases of COPD. Furthermore, it negatively correlated with percent value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity in convalescent COPD patients. Conclusion These results suggest that serum CyPA can be used as a potential inflammatory biomarker for COPD and assessment of serum CyPA may reflect the severity of inflammation in COPD.
Working Memory and Executive Attention: A Revisit

In this follow-up to my 2002 article on working memory capacity, fluid intelligence, and executive attention in Current Directions in Psychological Science, I review even more evidence supporting the idea that the ability to control one’s attention (i.e., executive attention) is important to working memory and fluid intelligence. I now argue that working memory tasks reflect primarily the maintenance of information, whereas fluid intelligence tests reflect primarily the ability to disengage from recently attended and no longer useful information. I also point out some conclusions in the 2002 article that now appear to be wrong.
Affinity-purified DNA-based mutation profiles of endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms in Japanese patients

Aim Endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms (ERONs) have recently attracted considerable attention; however, the prevalence and patterns of ARID1A and POLE mutations in ERONs have not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate not only the carcinogenesis of ERONs, but also the prognostic significance of several gene mutations in this cohort. We used DNA purified from only tumor epithelial cells, from which fibroblasts were removed, using a specific method we called “liquid microdissection”. Methods Tissue samples from 22 ovarian carcinomas (13 endometrioid, and nine clear cell) were used. Tumor cells were isolated using a cell sorting system and DNA was purified from tumor epithelial cells. Nucleotide sequencing was conducted to analyze the mutational status of ARID1A, p53, PTEN, POLE, PIK3CA, and KRAS. Results In ERONs, the frequencies of somatic mutations in ARID1A, p53, POLE, PTEN, PIK3CA, and KRAS were 19/20 (95.0%), 7/19 (36.8%), 9/22 (40.9%), 13/19 (68.4%), 3/19 (15.8%), and 1/9 (11.1%). The frequency of ARID1A mutations was significantly higher than that reported previously. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that mutations in all genes, including POLE, were not associated with patient prognosis in our Japanese cohort. Conclusions Our results suggest that the frequency of ARID1A mutations in ERONs may be higher than that previously reported. In addition, the “liquid microdissection” method that we chose for DNA purification could be used to obtain high-quality sequencing results. The findings suggest that ARID1A mutations represent the basis of ERON carcinogenesis; other subsequent gene mutations may result in the progression of carcinogenesis.
Diabetic rats present higher urinary loss of proteins and lower renal expression of megalin, cubilin, ClC‐5, and CFTR

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) occurs in around 40% of those with diabetes. Proteinuria is the main characteristic of DN and develops as a result of increased permeability of the glomerulus capillary wall and/or decreased proximal tubule endocytosis. The goal of this work was to evaluate renal function and the expression of megalin, cubilin, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and ClC‐5 in the proximal tubule and renal cortex of rats with type 1 diabetes. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (CTRL) and diabetic (DM) groups for 4 weeks. Renal function was assessed in 24‐h urine sample by calculating clearance and fractional excretion of solutes. The RNA and protein contents of ClC‐5, CFTR, megalin, and cubilin were determined in the renal proximal tubule and cortex using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques, respectively. The results showed higher creatinine clearance and higher urinary excretion of proteins, albumin, and transferrin in the DM group than in the CTRL group. Furthermore, the renal cortex and proximal tubule of diabetic animals showed downregulation of megalin, cubilin, ClC‐5, and CFTR, critical components of the endocytic apparatus. These data suggest dysfunction in proximal tubule low‐molecular‐weight endocytosis and protein glomerulus filtration in the kidney of diabetic rats.
Quality of life after quitting smoking and initiating aerobic exercise

Abstract Quitting smoking and aerobic exercise each improve health. Although smokers may be concerned that quitting smoking will reduce their quality of life (QOL), recent research has shown that cessation is associated with QOL benefits. Elements of smoking cessation interventions, such as exercise, may contribute to changes in QOL. However, it is unknown whether initiating exercise in the context of smoking cessation is associated with greater or different effects on QOL than smoking cessation alone. The current study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial (n = 61) of an exercise intervention for smoking cessation. We hypothesized that smoking abstinence and engagement in exercise would have positive, additive effects on QOL at end-of-treatment, 6- and, 12-month follow-ups. Sedentary adult smokers were randomized to the exercise intervention or a health education control (HEC) group. Additionally, all participants received smoking cessation counseling and nicotine patches. Data were analyzed using actual engagement in exercise, rather than group assignment as a proxy for exercise engagement, because some HEC participants also began exercising. Abstinence was positively associated with higher total and physical health QOL at follow-up. Exercise was not associated with total QOL and only marginally associated with physical health QOL, but was positively related to overall sense of well-being. Emphasizing that smoking cessation is associated with higher QOL may help motivate smokers to initiate quit attempts.
Statistical considerations on limitations of supercomputers

Supercomputer building is a many sceene, many authors game, comprising a lot of different technologies, manufacturers and ideas. Checking data available in the public database in a systematic way, some general tendencies and limitations can be concluded, both for the past and the future. The feasibility of building exa-scale computers as well as their limitations and utilization are also discussed. The statistical considerations provide a strong support for the conclusions.
Ornithine decarboxylase along the mouse and rat nephron.

Renal arginase activity is a potent source of ornithine (Orn) for polyamine synthesis. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was localized along the mouse and rat nephron by incubating viable nephron segments isolated by microdissection from collagenase-treated kidneys with or withoutd,l-2-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (DFMO), a selective inactivator of ODC. Tubules from either control or DFMO-treated animals were incubated with 100 μMl-[1-14C]Orn. In control mice, Orn decarboxylation occurred mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). In DFMO-treated mice, Orn decarboxylation was dramatically reduced in PCT and in proximal straight tubules (PST). In rats, Orn decarboxylation also occurred predominantly in the proximal tubule. Addition of 10 mM DFMO to isolated tubules dramatically decreased Orn decarboxylation in PCT and in PST. Thereafter, ODC activity was demonstrated in permeabilized tubules. In Triton X-100-treated tubules from control mice, ODC was exclusively found in proximal tubules (PCT > PST). This ODC activity was strongly inhibited in DFMO-treated mice. In conclusion, the highest ODC activity was found in rat and mouse PCT, a segment devoid of arginase. We hypothesize that the filtered Orn, which is reabsorbed along the PCT, is the main source of Orn for ODC.
Chronic hypoxia decreases nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in newborn pig lungs.

To examine the effect of chronic hypoxia on nitric oxide (NO) production and the amount of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in lungs of newborn piglets, studies were performed using 1- to 3-day-old piglets raised in room air (control) or 10% O2 (chronic hypoxia) for 10-12 days. Exhaled NO output and plasma nitrites and nitrates (collectively termed[Formula: see text]) were measured in anesthetized animals. [Formula: see text]concentrations were measured in the perfusate of isolated lungs. eNOS amounts were assessed in whole lung homogenates. In the intact piglets, exhaled NO outputs and plasma [Formula: see text]were lower in the chronically hypoxic (exhaled NO output = 0.2 ± 0.1 nmol/min; plasma [Formula: see text] = 10.3 ± 3.7 nmol/ml) than in control animals (exhaled NO output = 0.8 ± 0.2 nmol/min; plasma [Formula: see text] = 22.3 ± 4.3 nmol/ml). In perfused lungs, the perfusate accumulation of [Formula: see text] was lower in chronic hypoxia (1.0 ± 0.3 nmol/min) than in control (2.6 ± 0.6 nmol/min) piglets. The amount of whole lung homogenate eNOS from the chronic hypoxia piglets was 40 ± 8% less than that from the control piglets. The reduced NO production observed in anesthetized animals or perfused lungs of chronically hypoxic newborn piglets is consistent with the finding of reduced lung eNOS protein amounts. Decreased NO production might contribute to the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborns.
Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders among the Orthodontic Patients Using Fonseca's Questionnaire

Objective: The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of TMDs among the 12-18 years and 19-30 years patient age group requiring orthodontic treatment by using the Fonseca's questionnaire. Material and Methods: A total of 390 patients who visited the orthodontic department for treatment were asked to fill Fonseca's questionnaire. The results were analyzed for both the age groups and the percentage values were compared between males and females, different types of malocclusion and presence of TMDs. Results: In the 12-18 years age group, around 18.75% of the males and 12.28% of the females were having some degree of TMJ dysfunction. In the 19-30 years age group, around 30.32% of the females were found to have some severity of TMJ dysfunction as opposed to 19.23% of males. In the 12-18 years age group, around 11% of Class I, 16% of Class II and 50% of class III patients were having some degree of temporomandibular dysfunction. In the 19-30 years age group, the results showed that around 24% of Class I and class II patients and 50% of Class III patients presented with some degree of TMD. In the 12-18 years age group around 15% and in the 19-30 years age group, around 25% of the patients presented with some degree of TMD ranging from mild, moderate to severe. Conclusion: The study concludes that significantly more number of females presented with TMDs as compared to males in the 19-30 years age group. As the age increases the presence of TMDs also increases because of the significant presence of TMDs in the 19-30 years age group as compared to 12-18 years age group.
Management of overactive bladder.

To the Editor: In his review of the management of overactive bladder (Feb. 19 issue),1 Dr. Ouslander states in Table 1 that cholinesterase inhibitors could theoretically contribute to detrusor overactivity, but he suggests that there is no evidence to support this association. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used to manage the symptoms of dementia.2 Two case series have identified patients in whom urinary incontinence developed after the initiation of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. In one report, among three adults with Alzheimer's disease associated with Down's syndrome, two had incontinence after starting donepezil.3 A second report documents the emergence of transient, dose-dependent .
Electroneutral Na+/H+exchange in brush-border membrane vesicles from Penaeus japonicus hepatopancreas.

An electroneutral Na+/H+exchange mechanism (dimethylamiloride inhibitable, Li+ sensitive, and Ca2+ insensitive) was identified in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from Kuruma prawn hepatopancreas by monitoring Na+-dependent H+ fluxes with the pH-sensitive dye acridine orange and measuring22Na+uptake. Kinetic parameters measured under short-circuited conditions were the Na+ concentration that yielded one-half of the maximal dissipation rate ( F max) of the preset transmembrane ΔpH ( K Na) = 15 ± 2 mM and F max = 3,626 ± 197 Δ F ⋅ min-1 ⋅ mg protein-1, with a Hill coefficient for Na+ of ∼1. In addition, the inhibitory constant for dimethylamiloride was found to be ∼1 μM. The electroneutral nature of the antiporter was assessed in that an inside-negative transmembrane electrical potential neither affected kinetic parameters nor stimulated pH-dependent (intracellular pH > extracellular pH)22Na+uptake. In contrast, electrogenic pH-dependent22Na+uptake was observed in lobster hepatopancreatic BBMV. Substitution of chloride with gluconate resulted in increasing K Na and decreasing Δ F max, which suggests a possible role of chloride in the operational mechanism of the antiporter. These results indicate that a Na+/H+exchanger, resembling the electroneutral Na+/H+antiporter model, is present in hepatopancreatic BBMV from the Kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus.
The control of eye movements by the cerebellar nuclei: polysynaptic projections from the fastigial, interpositus posterior and dentate nuclei to lateral rectus motoneurons in primates

Premotor circuits driving extraocular motoneurons and downstream motor outputs of cerebellar nuclei are well known. However, there is, as yet, no unequivocal account of cerebellar output pathways controlling eye movements in primates. Using retrograde transneuronal transfer of rabies virus from the lateral rectus (LR) eye muscle, we studied polysynaptic pathways to LR motoneurons in primates. Injections were placed either into the central or distal muscle portion, to identify innervation differences of LR motoneurons supplying singly innervated (SIFs) or multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs). We found that SIF motoneurons receive major cerebellar ‘output channels’ bilaterally, while oligosynaptic cerebellar innervation of MIF motoneurons is negligible and/or more indirect. Inputs originate from the fastigial nuclei di‐ and trisynaptically, and from a circumscribed rostral portion of the ventrolateral interpositus posterior and from the caudal pole of the dentate nuclei trisynaptically. While disynaptic cerebellar inputs to LR motoneurons stem exclusively from the caudal fastigial region involved in saccades, pursuit and convergence (via its projections to brainstem oculomotor populations), minor trisynaptic inputs from the rostral fastigial nucleus, which contributes to gaze shifts, may reflect access to vestibular and reticular eye‐head control pathways. Trisynaptic inputs to LR motoneurons from the rostral ventrolateral interpositus posterior, involved in divergence (far‐response), is likely mediated by projections to the supraoculomotor area, contributing to LR motoneuron activation during divergence. Trisynaptic inputs to LR motoneurons from the caudal dentate, which also innervates disynaptically the frontal and parietal eye fields, can be explained by its superior colliculus projections, and likely target saccade‐related burst neurons.
Nuclear poly(A)-binding protein aggregates misplace a pre-mRNA outside of SC35 speckle causing its abnormal splicing

A short abnormal polyalanine expansion in the polyadenylate-binding protein nuclear-1 (PABPN1) protein causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). Mutated PABPN1 proteins accumulate as insoluble intranuclear aggregates in muscles of OPMD patients. While the roles of PABPN1 in nuclear polyadenylation and regulation of alternative poly(A) site choice have been established, the molecular mechanisms which trigger pathological defects in OPMD and the role of aggregates remain to be determined. Using exon array, for the first time we have identified several splicing defects in OPMD. In particular, we have demonstrated a defect in the splicing regulation of the muscle-specific Troponin T3 (TNNT3) mutually exclusive exons 16 and 17 in OPMD samples compared to controls. This splicing defect is directly linked to the SC35 (SRSF2) splicing factor and to the presence of nuclear aggregates. As reported here, PABPN1 aggregates are able to trap TNNT3 pre-mRNA, driving it outside nuclear speckles, leading to an altered SC35-mediated splicing. This results in a decreased calcium sensitivity of muscle fibers, which could in turn plays a role in muscle pathology. We thus report a novel mechanism of alternative splicing deregulation that may play a role in various other diseases with nuclear inclusions or foci containing an RNA binding protein.
Differing temporal roles of Ca2+ and cAMP in nicotine-elicited elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA.

The involvement of cAMP- and Ca2+-mediated pathways in the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression by nicotine was examined in PC-12 cells. Extracellular Ca2+ and elevations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were required for nicotine to increase TH mRNA. The nicotine-elicited rapid rise in [Ca2+]iwas inhibited by blockers of either L-type or N-type, and to a lesser extent P/Q-, but not T-type, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. With continual nicotine treatment, [Ca2+]ireturned to basal levels within 3-4 min. After a lag of ∼5-10 min, there was a smaller elevation in [Ca2+]ithat persisted for 6 h and displayed different responsiveness to Ca2+ channel blockers. This second phase of elevated [Ca2+]iwas blocked by an inhibitor of store-operated Ca2+ channels, consistent with the observed generation of inositol trisphosphate. 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM), when added before or 2 h after nicotine, prevented elevation of TH mRNA. Nicotine treatment significantly raised cAMP levels. Addition of the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) prevented the nicotine-elicited phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein. DDA also blocked the elevation of TH mRNA only when added after the initial transient rise in [Ca2+]iand not after 1 h. This study reveals that several temporal phases are involved in the induction of TH gene expression by nicotine, each of them with differing requirements for Ca2+ and cAMP.
The effect of multilayer rheology on coextrusion die design

Multilayer coextrusion is a process in which two or more polymers are extruded and joined together in a feedblock or die to form a single structure with multiple layers. This paper will discuss the proper techniques for using rheology data to design coextrusion dies based on experimental rheology data for monolayer and multilayer structures.