Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pain and Aggression in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: Minimum Data Set 3.0 Analysis

BackgroundFew studies have examined the potential relationship between pain and aggressive behavioral symptoms in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia as a function of resident communicative status (ability to self-report pain). ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the relationship between pain and aggression for residents who self-reported pain and for those whose pain was measured by staff evaluation of pain-related behaviors. MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the comprehensive data collected from January to March 2012 in the national Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 of NH residents, aged 65 years or older, with dementia (N = 71,227). Pain was measured using the MDS Pain Assessment Interview for residents who could communicate or by staff evaluation using the MDS Pain Behavior Scale for residents who could not communicate. The relationship between pain and aggressive behavioral symptoms was estimated from logistic regression models after controlling for covariates (functional/cognitive impairments, pain medications, comorbidities, and sociodemographic variables). ResultsIn residents who could not communicate, pain was associated with both verbal and physical aggression (verbal aggression: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.23, 95% CI [1.17, 1.29]; physical aggression: AOR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.14, 1.26]). In residents who could communicate, pain was associated with verbal aggression only (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.04, 1.18]). DiscussionThe relationship between pain and aggressive behavioral symptoms varies according to the communicative status of NH residents and disproportionately affects those who cannot articulate their pain. Strategies for enhancing pain management in these residents are needed to adequately treat pain and reduce aggression.
Trying to be Something You Are Not Masculine Performances within a Prison Setting

Men in prison commonly deploy ‘front management’ strategies in striving to portray ‘legitimate’ prison masculinities in the company of fellow prisoners or prison personnel. This theme emerged ethnographic research in an English male training prison. A range of attitudes and behaviours were displayed by participants, perceived as necessary responses – even survival strategies – for living under the tense, testing conditions of a closed all-male prison environment. These findings have important implications for the health and wellbeing of male prisoners, for they infer that prison environments can facilitate ‘pathological’ attitudes and behaviours that mitigate against offender management and health goals relating to rehabilitation, resettlement, personal and social development, health improvement and reducing reoffending.
A NEW LOGIC OF EMANCIPATION: THE METHODOLOGY OF JACQUES RANCIÈRE

The idea of emancipation plays a central role in modern educational theories and practices. The emancipatory impetus is particularly prominent in critical traditions and approaches where the aim of education is conceived as that of emancipating students from oppressive structures in the name of social justice and human freedom. What is needed to effect emancipation, so it is assumed in this tradition, is an exposition of the workings of power, as it is only when one sees and understands how power operates that it is possible to address its influence. In several of his publications the French philosopher Jacques Ranciere has raised questions about the logic of this view of emancipation. Throughout his career Ranciere has also worked consistently on the articulation of a different approach, an alternative way to understand and do emancipation. In this essay Gert Biesta provides a systematic reconstruction of Ranciere's ideas on emancipation from three angles: political theory, political practice, and the practice of education. Biesta argues that Ranciere provides us with a new and different way to understand how education might contribute to emancipation and also where and how, often in the name of emancipation and democracy, it actually hinders emancipation.
Utility of Apc-mutant rats with a colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis model for chemoprevention studies

Establishment of an efficient rat model for colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis is critical for evaluation of the potency of cancer-preventive agents on carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined whether the Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) rat, a novel adenomatous polyposis coli mutant rat strain, is useful for detection of potential chemopreventive agents when this rat is used for azoxymethane (AOM) plus dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis with well-known cancer chemopreventive agents, such as celecoxib and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Male KAD rats were administered a single subcutaneous injection of AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) at 5 weeks of age and 2% DSS in their drinking water for subsequent 7 days starting at 1 week after the AOM injection. The rats were also treated with either celecoxib (500 ppm in the diet) or EGCG (0.1% in their drinking water), and the effects of these agents on the development of colonic tumors were examined. At sacrifice (19 weeks of age), treatment with both celecoxib (74% inhibition, P<0.01) and EGCG (71% inhibition, P<0.05) significantly inhibited the development of colitis-associated colon tumors. Serum levels of oxidative stress products, which were increased by AOM/DSS treatment, were decreased by celecoxib and EGCG. Administration of these agents moreover lowered the serum levels of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, in the AOM/DSS-treated KAD rats. These findings suggest that this AOM/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis model using KAD rats may be useful for evaluation of the efficacy of cancer-preventive agents.
Value of P-glycoprotein and clinicopathologic factors as the basis for new treatment strategies in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities.

PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of P-glycoprotein and clinicopathologic parameters in a large series of high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) patients treated at the Rizzoli Institute. PATIENTS AND METHODS With the use of immunohistochemistry, P-glycoprotein was assessed in 149 patients with primary, nonmetastatic, high-grade OS who were homogeneously treated with chemotherapy protocols based on doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate, and cisplatin and the addition of ifosfamide in the postoperative phase. RESULTS P-glycoprotein positivity was found in 47 of 149 cases (32%) and was significantly associated with a higher incidence of relapse and a worse outcome, as was age younger than 12 years and tumor volume greater then 150 mL at diagnosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed the prognostic value of these parameters, which all were independent adverse prognostic factors. Event-free survival and proportional hazards regression analyses confirmed that overexpression of P-glycoprotein at clinical onset is the most important adverse prognostic factor for high-grade OS patients treated with these chemotherapy protocols. CONCLUSION Increased P-glycoprotein levels, together with tumor volume and age, should be taken into consideration to identify, at time of diagnosis, subgroups of OS patients with a higher risk of recurrence. This subgroup identification will constitute the basis for drawing individualized treatment protocols on the basis of risk evaluation, with the aim of using more aggressive chemotherapy, or combination chemotherapy with other adjuvants, only in those patients for which more aggressive regimens are strictly necessary and warranted.
Why do you ask all those questions? Supporting client profiling in financial service encounters

Client data is key to provide personalized services and products. Therefore, banks go through great efforts to profile their clients during financial advisory service en- counters. Since traditional pen-and-paper profiling does not satisfy the banks’ needs, they strive to digitalize this activity. This paper offers joint profiling as a so- lution: The advisor and the client jointly create a cli- ent’s profile using a shared display. However, test cli- ents provided a mixed response to a first joint profiling prototype. They wondered, why the bank needs all this information. In a second iteration, joint profiling was augmented by task awareness, i.e., linking all profiled information to the client's goal. This task aware joint profiling was far better accepted by the clients. This paper offers research insights on the role of profil- ing in face-to-face advisory service encounters, on its acceptance by the clients, and on design principles for digital profiling in financial service encounters.
A Genetic Herd‐Immunity Model for the Maintenance of MHC Polymorphism

We propose a new mechanism for the maintenance of polymorphism at the major histocompatibility loci (MHC). Our model is based on two observations: (1) there is wide diversity of pathogens preying on most natural populations of vertebrates, and (2) most associations of diseases with MHC haplotypes indicate dominant susceptibility rather than dominant resistance. This second observation can be used to argue that alleles conferring susceptibility to a particular disease are likely to be in a minority, since too high a frequency of susceptibility alleles would put the host population at risk of extinction. We show that such a pattern of rare susceptibility alleles is an evolutionarily stable strategy for a host population subject to attack by a diverse collection of pathogens. As a consequence, host and pathogen populations will co-evolve so that each pathogen interacts with a small number of MHC alleles in such a way as lo facilitate their invasion of. and spread among, a minority of the hosts. If such "susceptibility" alleles become common in the population, those particular pathogens can spread more easily, in turn reducing the frequencies of the susceptibility alleles and keeping the polymorphism stable. Below certain frequencies of the alleles that confer sensitivity to them, the pathogens can no longer spread and must retreat to refugia. The hosts' evolutionary strategy is to evolve extensive polymorphism so that any allele that confers susceptibility to a particular disease will be in a minority. Over time there will be selection for a highly diverse set of MHC alleles. such that no single pathogen can interact with all of them so as to facilitate its invasion of every host. MHC polymorphism of this type confers genetic herd-immunity
Autonomous teamwork and psychological well-being

Few studies investigated the assumed positive effects of autonomous groups on individual psychological well-being. In the present study we investigated the hypotheses that (1) group autonomy is positively related to psychological well-being, (2) this relationship is mediated by individual autonomy, individual task variety, individual workload, and social support. One hundred and thirty-eight members of autonomous teams in a supermarket chain completed questionnaires about their task perceptions and psychological well-being. The hypotheses were largely supported by structural equations analyses. Results are discussed and implications proposed.
Identification of III–N nanowire growth kinetics via a marker technique

By using a marker technique based on nanowire (NW) heterostructure, we have identified the Ga-limited and N-limited GaN NW growth regimes, which are shifted in comparison to those in two-dimensional GaN layers. The results show that the Ga atoms diffusing along NW sidewalls have a significant contribution to the NW vertical growth. By reducing the substrate temperature, Ga-rich conditions locally activate the lateral growth. In contrast to Ga atoms, the contribution of Al and N adatom diffusion to the NW vertical growth is negligible. Finally, the control of GaN/AlN heterostructures in NWs is demonstrated.
Authorship proliferation in the orthopaedic literature.

BACKGROUND Authorship is the currency of the academic orthopaedic surgeon. There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of authors per publication in many biomedical fields. Possible reasons for this trend include increased complexity of research, "undeserved" authorship, and the "pressure to publish. " We explored the change in authorship in two leading orthopaedic journals over a period of sixty years. METHODS We examined all original research articles and case reports published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American and British Volumes) (JBJS-A and JBJS-B) in ten-year intervals from 1949 to 2009. For each article, we determined the number of authors, the geographic origin of the research, and the academic degrees of the authors; we also examined the changes that occurred in these categories. RESULTS The mean number of authors per original research article increased from 1.6 in 1949 to 5.1 in 2009. There has been a noticeable internationalization of the two journals, with a decreasing proportion of articles from North America and the United Kingdom and Ireland as a result of increased contributions from Europe and the Far East. Authors with advanced research degrees (PhD; MS; MD, PhD; and MD, MS) account for an increasing proportion of contributing authors; over 30% of authors had an advanced research degree in 2009. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the trend of authorship proliferation in biomedical research is also seen in the orthopaedic literature. The mean number of authors, the proportion of authors per research article with an advanced research degree, and variation in the geographic origin of articles has increased over the past sixty years.
The Impact of the Tobin Tax in a Heterogeneous Agent Model of the Foreign Exchange Market

We explore possible effects of a Tobin tax on exchange rate dynamics in a heterogeneous agent model. To assess the impact of the Tobin tax in this framework, we extend the model of De Grauwe and Grimaldi (Eur Econ Rev 50(1):1–33, 2006) by including transaction costs and perform numerical simulations. Motivated by the importance of the market microstructure, we choose to model the market as being cleared by a Walrasian auctioneer. This setting could more closely resemble the two-layered structure of foreign exchanges at daily frequency than a price impact function, which is often adopted in similar studies. We find that the Tobin tax can deliver a moderate reduction of return volatility and kurtosis. In addition, simulations indicate that the Tobin tax reduces the degree of mispricing in the time series, which is primarily achieved by eliminating long-lasting deviations from fundamental value.
Connectionism and developmental theory

The main goal of this paper is to argue for an ‘epigenetic developmental interpretation’ of connectionist modelling of human cognitive processes, and to propose that Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models provide a superior account of developmental phenomena than that offered by cognitivist (symbolic) computational theories. After comparing some of the general characteristics of epigeneticist and cognitivist theories, we provide a brief overview of the operating principles underlying Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and their associated learning procedures. Four applications of different PDP architectures to developmental phenomena are described. First, we assess the current status of the debate between symbolic and connectionist accounts of the process of English past tense formation. Second, we introduce a connectionist model of concept formation and vocabulary growth and show how it provides an account of aspects of semantic development in early childhood. Next, we take up the problem of compositionality and structure dependency in connectionist nets, and demonstrate that PDP models can be architecturally designed to capture the structural principals characteristic of human cognition. Finally, we review a connectionist model of cognitive develop ment which yields stage-like behavioural properties even though architectural and input assumptions remain constant throughout training. It is shown how the organizational characteristics of the model provide a simple but precise account of the equilibration of the processes of accommodation and assimilation. The article concludes that a coherent epigcnctic-developmental interpretation of PDP modelling rquires the rejection of so-called hybrid-architecture theories of human cognition.
Ultrastructure of Frenkelia sp. from a Norwegian Lemming in Finland

An apparently healthy Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) caught in northern Finland was observed to have a whitish body 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter in the external layer of the cerebral cortex. By light microscopy a highly lobulated cyst of Frenkelia sp. was observed. By transmission electron microscopy the cyst wall was seen consisting of a parasitophorous vacuolar membrane, an underlying electron-dense layer and a granular layer. The membrane was only slightly convoluted. The protrusions of the cyst wall appeared round but were often not distinctive. A very thin septum divided the interior of the cyst into compartments packed with bradyzoites and maturing zoites. The bradyzoites were elongate measuring 5–8 × 1.5–2 μm. This is the first electron microscopical study of Frenkelia sp. from L. lemmus.
Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence: Biological Anthropological Investigations at a Historic Urban Cemetery

Patterns of violence and the type and distribution of resulting injuries are highly culturally specific. In this study, skeletal data from a historic cemetery (St. Martin's, England) are combined with contemporary sources and modern clinical data to enable the patterning of violence-related injuries to be interpreted. Particular consideration was given to the possibility of a relationship between commonly occurring types of violence and those that are popular in sport. Phillip Walker (1997) suggested that the growth of fist fighting in the early-20th-century United States was stimulated by the rising popularity of boxing. At St. Martin's, a pattern of injuries consistent with fighting in a style specific to boxing is evident, suggesting that developing boxing styles were influential in 18th- and 19th-century Britain as the accepted way of settling interpersonal disputes. This research underlines the importance of interpreting skeletal data in their specific cultural context to gain the maximum information on patterns of behavior.
Refiguring the European Union’s Historical Dimension

The European Union requires a stronger approach to social solidarity than has been offered in existing theory. Perhaps the exigency of this claim is nowhere more evident than in the recent failed referendums in France and the Netherlands. In both cases the narrow legal-economic sense of the EU won out over what was hoped to be an emerging European public sphere, indeed a shared sense of European identity rooted in history. This article asks what type of ‘history’ this identity requires. Approaching this problem from a theoretical perspective, I will outline why and how such a ‘history’ must accord with the existing limits set by post-and/or transnationalism itself. Second, I will question how well various attempts at writing such a ‘history’ have already managed in terms of these limits. Lastly, drawing on the current work of sociologist Ulrich Beck, I will put forward a theoretical alternative to the existing models.
The longitudinal relations among dimensions of parenting styles, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and prosocial behaviors

Developmental scholars assert that parents are important in fostering prosocial behaviors in adolescents, but longitudinal investigations on this topic are limited. Participants consisted of 372 boys and 358 girls with a mean age of 10.84 years (SD = 1.57) at Wave 1 from a mostly middle class community in Spain. Across three successive years, participants completed measures of fathers’ and mothers’ warmth and strict control, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and self- and peer-reported prosocial behaviors. Results showed that parental warmth, sympathy, and prosocial moral reasoning were predictive of prosocial behaviors. Further analyses showed bidirectional effects such that early prosocial behaviors predicted later parenting and adolescents’ prosociality. Findings lend support to cognitive-developmental and moral internalization models of prosocial development.
Research Note - Influence Techniques in Phishing Attacks: An Examination of Vulnerability and Resistance

Phishing is a major threat to individuals and organizations. Along with billions of dollars lost annually, phishing attacks have led to significant data breaches, loss of corporate secrets, and espionage. Despite the significant threat, potential phishing targets have little theoretical or practical guidance on which phishing tactics are most dangerous and require heightened caution. The current study extends persuasion and motivation theory to postulate why certain influence techniques are especially dangerous when used in phishing attacks. We evaluated our hypotheses using a large field experiment that involved sending phishing messages to more than 2,600 participants. Results indicated a disparity in levels of danger presented by different influence techniques used in phishing attacks. Specifically, participants were less vulnerable to phishing influence techniques that relied on fictitious prior shared experience and were more vulnerable to techniques offering a high level of self-determination. By extending persuasion and motivation theory to explain the relative efficacy of phishers' influence techniques, this work clarifies significant vulnerabilities and lays the foundation for individuals and organizations to combat phishing through awareness and training efforts.
Male pattern hair loss: current understanding

Introduction The most common form of human hair loss is androgenic alopecia (AGA). It affects at least 50% of men by the age of 50 years and 50% of women by the age of 6o years. It is more obvious in men, and often manifests itself a decade earlier in men than in women. Various historic observations have suggested that AGA in men, commonly referred to as male pattern hair loss, results from a combination of heredity and hormones. In 400
Children‘s Mediational Teaching Style as a Function of Intervention for Cross-Age Peer-Mediation

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a programme providing cross-age peer-mediation on mediation teaching style of mediators and learners in a learning situation. A second objective was to investigate the effects of the mediators‘ and learners‘ cognitive level on different criteria of mediation. The sample was composed of 89 third graders (mediators) and 89 . rst graders (learners) coming from three third grade classes and three . rst grade classes in a primary school. The third graders were assigned to experimental (n= 43) and control (n= 46) groups. Each pair of mediator and learner was matched in a counterbalanced design (2 × 2) according to their cognitive level (high versus low), based on their score on the Raven‘s Matrices. The experimental third graders received the Peer-Mediation for Young Children (PMYC), which is a training programme based on the theoretical approaches of Vygotsky and Feuerstein. The control children received a general preparation for peer assisted learning. Following the PMYC, all children participated in a peer-mediation condition, which was videotaped for 25 minutes and subsequently analysed by the Observation of Mediation Instrument. The findings showed that the experimental children received signi.cantly higher mediation scores than the control children. Mediators‘ cognitive level was not related to the level of mediation. However, the learners‘ cognitive level was found to effect mediation for meaning of the mediator: requestfor meaning from learners and givingof meaning from mediator were higher in interactions of mediators with learners of low cognitive level. The . ndings are discussed with reference to Feuerstein‘s and Vygotsky‘s theories.