Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An In vitro Evaluation of Microleakage Associated with Three Different Compomer Placement Techniques in Primary Molars

Background: Microleakage is one of the most frequently encountered problems in posterior tooth-colored restorations. Efforts to decrease this problem with resin restorations include techniques for reducing the ratio of bonded to unbonded restoration surfaces and following strategic incremental placement techniques to reduce residual stress at tooth-restoration interface which reduces the C-factor, hence microleakage. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate microleakage associated with three placement techniques for compomer restorations in primary molars. Design and Methodology: This in vitro experimental study assessed the microleakage associated with bulk-fill, horizontal-incremental, and oblique-incremental compomer placement techniques in primary molars. Ninety specimens were divided into three groups of thirty for each of the placement techniques. Results: Nearly 86.6% of the specimens presented with microleakage involving the entire axial wall and pulpal floor in the bulk-fill group, whereas 56.6% and 46.6% of the specimens in the horizontal-incremental and oblique-incremental groups showed microleakage up to two-third and one-third of the axial walls, respectively. A significant difference in scores was observed between groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Microleakage was observed with all the three techniques but was comparatively lower with the incremental placement techniques. The oblique-incremental technique offered the least microleakage.
Reconstruction of Sensory Stimuli Encoded with Integrate-and-Fire Neurons with Random Thresholds

We present a general approach to the reconstruction of sensory stimuli encoded with leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with random thresholds. The stimuli are modeled as elements of a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. The reconstruction is based on finding a stimulus that minimizes a regularized quadratic optimality criterion. We discuss in detail the reconstruction of sensory stimuli modeled as absolutely continuous functions as well as stimuli with absolutely continuous first-order derivatives. Reconstruction results are presented for stimuli encoded with single as well as a population of neurons. Examples are given that demonstrate the performance of the reconstruction algorithms as a function of threshold variability.
From Lipids to Inflammation : New Approaches to Reducing Atherosclerotic Risk

Circulation Research is available at http://circres.ahajournals. org DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115. 306471 Abstract: The introduction of statins ≈30 years ago ushered in the era of lipid lowering as the most effective way to reduce risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, residual risk remains high, and statin intolerance is frequently encountered in clinical practice. After a long dry period, the field of therapeutics targeted to lipids and atherosclerosis has entered a renaissance. Moreover, the demonstration of clinical benefits from the addition of ezetimibe to statin therapy in subjects with acute coronary syndromes has renewed the enthusiasm for the cholesterol hypothesis and the hope that additional agents that lower low-density lipoprotein will decrease risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Drugs in the orphan disease category are now available for patients with the most extreme hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, discovery and rapid translation of a novel biological pathway has given rise to a new class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 inhibitors. Trials of niacin added to statin have failed to demonstrate cardiac benefits, and 3 cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors have also failed to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, despite producing substantial increases in HDL levels. Although the utility of triglyceride-lowering therapies remains uncertain, 2 large clinical trials are testing the influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on atherosclerotic events in hypertriglyceridemia. Novel antisense therapies targeting apolipoprotein C-III (for triglyceride reduction) and apo(a) (for lipoprotein(a) reduction) are showing a promising trajectory. Finally, 2 large clinical trials are formally putting the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis to the test and may open a new avenue for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. (Circ Res. 2016;118:732-749. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306471.)
Work Strain, Social Isolation and Mental Health of Long-Haul Truckers

ABSTRACT Commercial driving is associated with myriad work strains. An ethnographic approach is used to examine how chronic, excess work strains impact the overall mental health of U.S. long-haul truckers. Social isolation and inherent difficulties of establishing and maintaining meaningful social ties during long stretches on the road are found to take a toll on drivers’ mental health. Truckers struggle with loneliness and are overstressed from work pressures and weak support systems. Therefore, commercial driving urgently needs policies designed to curb trucking’s harmful effects on driver mental health and public safety and occupational therapy programs designed to improve mental health.
Nanostructured lipid carriers as a novel oral delivery system for triptolide: induced changes in pharmacokinetics profile associated with reduced toxicity in male rats

After oral administration in rodents, triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide compound, active as anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-fertility, anti-cystogenesis, and anticancer agent, is rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation (from 5.0 to 19.5 minutes after dosing, depending on the rodent species) followed by a short elimination half-life (from about 20 minutes to less than 1 hour). Such significant and rapid fluctuations of TP in plasma likely contribute to its toxicity, which is characterized by injury to hepatic, renal, digestive, reproductive, and hematological systems. With the aim of prolonging drug release and improving its safety, TP-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (TP-NLCs), composed of Compritol® 888 ATO (solid lipid) and Capryol™ 90 (liquid lipid), were developed using a microemulsion technique. The formulated TP-NLCs were also characterized and in vitro release was evaluated using the dialysis bag diffusion technique. In addition, the pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles of TP-NLCs were compared to free TP and TP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TP-SLNs; containing Compritol 888 ATO only). Results demonstrate that TP-NLCs had mean particle size of 231.8 nm, increased drug encapsulation with a 71.6% efficiency, and stable drug incorporation for over 1-month. TP-NLCs manifested a better in vitro sustained-release pattern compared to TP-SLNs. Furthermore, TP-NLCs prolonged mean residence time (MRT)0–t (P<0.001, P<0.001), delayed Tmax (P<0.01, P<0.05) and decreased Cmax (P<0.01, P<0.05) compared to free TP and TP-SLNs, respectively, which was associated with reduced subacute toxicity in male rats. In conclusion, our data suggest that TP-NLCs are superior to TP-SLNs and could be a promising oral delivery system for a safer use of TP.
Invaluable values: an expectancy-value theory analysis of youths’ academic motivations and intentions

ABSTRACT While Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields have increased in importance over the past decade, minorities have remained traditionally underrepresented in these fields. In this study we seek to better understand some of the factors that might contribute to or potentially mitigate early STEM pipeline leaks, specifically, high school graduation and college entrance leaks. Student interest formed in the early school years has an impact on future course selections and persistence in school. These choices can have long-term repercussions on the future career options and the financial security of students. We apply expectancy-value theory (EVT) in order to examine the factors that may influence students’ motivations and intentions to complete high school and attend college. Specifically, we investigate if EVT can help to explain change in students’ academic intentions and motivations after a computing intervention. We hypothesize that changes in students’ expectancies for success and subjective task values will be positively associated with changes in students’ intentions and motivations to persist in academia. Data were gathered from a sample of elementary students within an urban, high poverty, and predominately minority school district located in the southeastern USA. Changes in students’ expectancies for success and subjective task values over the course of the intervention played an important role in students’ academic motivations and intentions to both finish high school and attend college. These findings demonstrate that EVT is useful in explaining general academic motivations in young children, which could potentially increase the structural integrity of the STEM pipeline.
Pharmacokinetics of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, an Antibody‐Targeted Chemotherapy Agent for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Relapse

The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg™; Wyeth‐Ayerst Laboratories, St. Davids, PA) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first relapse. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody‐chemotherapeutic conjugate characterized as antibody‐targeted chemotherapy, consisting of an engineered human anti‐CD33 antibody (hP67.6) linked to a potent cytotoxic agent, N‐acetyl‐gamma calicheamicin DMH. The pharmacokinetics of gemtuzumab ozogamicin was evaluated in 59 adult AML patients in first relapse, enrolled in a phase II study. Plasma was collected following each dose at specified times, and the pharmacokinetics was characterized by measures of hP67.6, total calicheamicin derivatives, and unconjugated calicheamicin derivatives. After administration of the first 9 mg/m2 dose of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, the pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SD) of hP67.6 following the first dose were as follows: peak plasma concentration, 2.86 ± 1.35 mg/L;AUC, 123 ± 105 mg·h/L;t1/2, 72.4 ± 42.0 hours; and clearance, 0.265 ± 0.229 L/h. Increased concentrations were observed after the second dose and are believed to be due to a decrease in clearance by CD33‐positive blast cells, a result of the reduced tumor burden following the first dose. The concentration profiles of calicheamicin followed the same time course as hP67.6, evidence that calicheamicin remained conjugated to the antibody and delivered to leukemic cells. No relationship was found between plasma concentration and response at the recommended dose. The pharmacokinetics of gemtuzumab ozogamicin has been characterized in AML patients receiving doses at the proposed therapeutic level.
Interaction between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives and Stainless Steels

One way to improve fuel efficiency in today’s jet aircraft engines is to create an environment for higher operating temperatures and speeds. New and improved lubricants and bearing materials must be developed to remain stable in these elevated operating temperatures. Three lubricants, with varying amounts of tricresyl phosphate added as an anti-wear/extreme pressure additive were tested on two different stainless steels at varying temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 350 °C in vacuum. Significant decomposition of the lubricant base-stocks and the phosphate ester additive did occur in most of the trials resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids and phenols. In these cases a film containing phosphorus was deposited onto the stainless steel substrate.
Activation of murine microglial cell lines by lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ causes NO‐mediated decreases in mitochondrial and cellular function

Activation of murine microglial and macrophage cell lines with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) resulted in the induction of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the release of micromolar amounts of NO into the surrounding medium. The synthesis of NO was associated with increased cellular membrane damage as assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion and the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase into the cell culture medium. However, the synthesis and release of cytokines was largely unaffected. NO‐mediated cell damage was also accompanied by a marked decrease in the intracellular levels of reduced glutathione and ATP. In addition, significant inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities was seen following cellular activation. However, citrate synthase activity (a mitochondrial matrix enzyme) was not detectable in the extracellular supernatants, suggesting preservation of the integrity of the mitochondrial inner membrane following activation. These effects were largely prevented by the addition of the NOS inhibitor, N‐guanidino monomethyl l‐arginine during the activation period. Our observations demonstrate that induction of NOS activity in microglia results in damage to the plasma membrane leading to a loss of glutathione, complex‐specific inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and depletion of cellular ATP. Our data suggest that pharmacological modulation of NOS activity in activated microglia in vivo may prevent cellular damage to bystander cells such as neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as well as to microglia themselves.
Face-on accretion onto a protoplanetary disc

Globular clusters (GCs) are known to harbor multiple stellar populations. To explain these observations Bastian et al. suggested a scenario in which a second population is formed by the accretion of enriched material onto the low-mass stars in the initial GC population. The idea is that the low-mass, pre-main sequence stars sweep up gas expelled by the massive stars of the same generation into their protoplanetary disc as they move through the GC core. We perform simulations with 2 different smoothed particle hydrodynamics codes to investigate if a low-mass star surrounded by a protoplanetary disc can accrete the amount of enriched material required in this scenario. We focus on the gas loading rate onto the disc and star as well as on the lifetime of the disc. We find that the gas loading rate is a factor of 2 smaller than the geometric rate, because the effective cross section of the disc is smaller than its surface area. The loading rate is consistent for both codes, irrespective of resolution. The disc gains mass in the high resolution runs, but loses angular momentum on a time scale of 10^4 yrs. Two effects determine the loss of (specific) angular momentum in our simulations: 1) continuous ram pressure stripping and 2) accretion of material with no azimuthal angular momentum. Our study and previous work suggest that the former, dominant process is mainly caused by numerical rather than physical effects, while the latter is not. The latter process causes the disc to become more compact, increasing the surface density profile at smaller radii. The disc size is determined in the first place by the ram pressure when the flow first hits the disc. Further evolution is governed by the decrease in the specific angular momentum of the disc. We conclude that the size and lifetime of the disc are probably not sufficient to accrete the amount of mass required in Bastian et al.'s scenario.
Judicial Specialization, Litigant Influence, and Substantive Policy: The Court of Customs and Patent Appeals

Several courts of limited jurisdiction currently exist in the federal judicial system, and new specialized courts have been proposed. Opponents of some specialized courts have pointed to the potential policy implications of judicial specialization, and their arguments merit attention. In this article the effects of specialization on the influence of litigant groups over judicial decisions and on the substance of judicial policy are analyzed in general terms. These effects are then examined in greater depth through a case study of the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. The findings are complex, but they indicate that specialization may have a significant impact on judicial behavior. This impact should be taken into account in decisions whether to create courts of limited jurisdiction.
REGULASI EMOSI DAN RESILIENSI PADA MAHASISWA TAHUN PERTAMA

Abstract This study aims to determine the relationship between emotion regulation and resilience of the first year student at Ahmad Dahlan University. The number of subjects in this research to were 75 students. Pearson product moment correlation was used t analysis the data. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between emotion regulation and resilience. Keywords:college student, emotion regulation, resilienc
Widowhood widowerhood and remarriage.

Trends in the numbers of widows and widowers in England and Wales from the beginning of the present century are discussed and a description is given of the factors affecting the size of the widowed population. One of these factors the remarriage of the widowed is examined in greater detail--in terms of the rates and speed of remarriage as well as the age at remarriage. The paper concludes with the results of a birth cohort analysis in which the incidence of being widowed is estimated for selected birth cohorts from 1890. In addition of those who were widowed the proportions who remarried by specific ages are estimated for the same selected birth cohorts and a comparison is made between the experience of several generations. (EXCERPT)
Discourse Comprehension and Informational Masking: The Effect of Age, Semantic Content, and Acoustic Similarity

It is often difficult for people to understand speech when there are other ongoing conversations in the background. This dissertation investigates how different background maskers interfere with our ability to comprehend speech and the reasons why older listeners have more difficulties than younger listeners in these tasks. An ecologically valid approach was applied: instead of words or short sentences, participants were presented with two fairly lengthy lectures simultaneously, and their task was to listen to the target lecture, and ignore the competing one. Afterwards, they answered questions regarding the target lecture. Experiment 1 found that both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired older adults performed poorer than younger adults when everyone was tested in identical listening situations. However, when the listening situation was individually adjusted to compensate for agerelated differences in the ability to recognize individual words in noise, age-related difference in comprehension disappeared. Experiment 2 compared the masking effects of a single-talker competing lecture to a babble of 12 voices, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was manipulated so that the masker was either of similar volume as the target, or much louder. The results showed that the competing speech was much more distracting than
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND META-COGNITIVE STRATEGY USE AND EFL READING ACHIEVEMENT

Reading is the main reason why many students learn a second language. In addition, at advanced proficiency levels in a second language, the ability to read the written language at a reasonable rate and with good comprehension has long been recognized to be as important as oral skills, if not more important. The present study examined the relationships between the use of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies on the one hand and EFL reading achievement on the other hand. Data were collected from 30 randomly selected EFL learners studying English Language and Literature at Kashan University, Iran. The participants included six male (20%) and 24 female (80 %) learners, who were further classified into highly successful (n=6), moderately successful (n=19), and unsuccessful (n=5). The collected data included reading comprehension achievement scores and responses to a 35-item five-point likert-scale cognitive and metacognitive questionnaire. Transcripts of retrospective interviews with 4 highly successful and 4 unsuccessful test-takers were also used to further clarify the quantitative analyses. SPSS version 13 was used to compute descriptive statistics, MANOVA and Pearson product moment correlations. Pearson product moment correlations were conducted to investigate the relationship between strategies and the reading test performance. MANOVA was used to compare groups of test-takers (i.e. highly successful, moderately successful and unsuccessful) exposed to two or more levels of the independent variable. Results of the analyses indicated that the correlation between reading achievement and metacognitive strategies was 0.39 and it was significant at the 0.05 level. However, the correlation between cognitive strategies and reading achievement was 0.128 and insignificant, showing only a slight trend. The results obtained from conducting Pearson product moment correlations showed that the correlation between meta-cognitive strategies and cognitive strategies was . 630 and it is significant at the 0.01 level. MANOVA also showed that students at higher levels of reading ability use meta-cognitive strategies more often that less successful readers. The findings of the study suggest that the use of meta-cognitive strategies can account for variation in EFL reading achievement and needs to be promoted by EFL teachers. Gender did not have a determining role in the use of either cognitive or meta-cognitive strategies in this study.
Impact of Stock Market Structure on Intertrade Time and Price Dynamics

We analyse times between consecutive transactions for a diverse group of stocks registered on the NYSE and NASDAQ markets, and we relate the dynamical properties of the intertrade times with those of the corresponding price fluctuations. We report that market structure strongly impacts the scale-invariant temporal organisation in the transaction timing of stocks, which we have observed to have long-range power-law correlations. Specifically, we find that, compared to NYSE stocks, stocks registered on the NASDAQ exhibit significantly stronger correlations in their transaction timing on scales within a trading day. Further, we find that companies that transfer from the NASDAQ to the NYSE show a reduction in the correlation strength of transaction timing on scales within a trading day, indicating influences of market structure. We also report a persistent decrease in correlation strength of intertrade times with increasing average intertrade time and with corresponding decrease in companies' market capitalization–a trend which is less pronounced for NASDAQ stocks. Surprisingly, we observe that stronger power-law correlations in intertrade times are coupled with stronger power-law correlations in absolute price returns and higher price volatility, suggesting a strong link between the dynamical properties of intertrade times and the corresponding price fluctuations over a broad range of time scales. Comparing the NYSE and NASDAQ markets, we demonstrate that the stronger correlations we find in intertrade times for NASDAQ stocks are associated with stronger correlations in absolute price returns and with higher volatility, suggesting that market structure may affect price behavior through information contained in transaction timing. These findings do not support the hypothesis of universal scaling behavior in stock dynamics that is independent of company characteristics and stock market structure. Further, our results have implications for utilising transaction timing patterns in price prediction and risk management optimization on different stock markets.