Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin's disease and myelomonocytic leukemia. An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study

The ultrastructural and immunologic features of the initial Reed‐Sternberg and Hodgkin cells are compared with the ultimate leukemic cell type in a child with Hodgkin's disease who subsequently developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) following 29 months of chemotherapy. Hodgkin tumor cells contained cytoplasmic IgG and ultrastructurally resembled large immunoblasts, containing one or two round nuclei with large bizarre nucleoli, many polyribosomes, sparse endoplasmic reticulum, underdeveloped Golgi lamellae, and few cytoplasmic granules. The Hodgkin tumor cells displayed no evidence of phagocytosis. The leukemic monocytic cells did not contain cytoplasmic IgG and, ultrastructurally, exhibited an indented and irregular nuclear profile with less prominent nucleoli, numerous pleomorphic granules, a moderate number of free ribosomes, short segments of endoplasmic reticulum, and stacked Golgi lamellae. The cell surface was irregular and occasionally appeared involved in endocytic activity. These results indicate that the Hodgkin tumor cells originated from B lymphocytes rather than tissue macrophages, whereas the leukemic monocytes arose from the bone marrow‐derived monocyte‐macrophage series. The findings suggest further that AMML developing after Hodgkin's disease constitutes a second neoplasm rather than a leukemic transformation of Hodgkin tumor cells.
Preoperative GNAS and KRAS Testing in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Mucinous Cysts

Purpose: Management guidelines for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are based on the assumption that mucinous cysts can be accurately distinguished from other pancreatic cystic lesions. Previous studies using surgical material have identified recurrent mutations in GNAS and KRAS in pancreatic mucinous neoplasms. Yet, the diagnostic utility of testing for both genes in pancreatic cyst fluid obtained by endoscopic ultrasound–fine-needle aspiration (EUS–FNA) remains unclear. Experimental Design: GNAS and KRAS testing was performed on EUS–FNA pancreatic cyst fluid from 91 pancreatic cysts: 41 IPMNs, 9 IPMNs with adenocarcinoma, 16 MCNs, 10 cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET), 9 serous cystadenomas (SCA), 3 retention cysts, 2 pseudocysts, and 1 lymphoepithelial cyst. Results: Mutations in GNAS were detected in 16 (39%) IPMNs and 2 (22%) IPMNs with adenocarcinoma. KRAS mutations were identified in 28 (68%) IPMNs, 7 (78%) IPMNs with adenocarcinoma, and 1 (6%) MCN. Mutations in either gene were present in 34 (83%) IPMNs, 8 (89%) IPMNs with adenocarcinoma, and 1 (6%) MCN. No mutations were found in cystic PanNETs, SCAs, retention cysts, pseudocysts, and a lymphoepithelial cyst. GNAS and KRAS mutations had 100% specificity [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–1.00] but 65% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.52–0.76) for mucinous differentiation. Among IPMNs, mutations in either gene had 98% specificity (95% CI, 0.86–1.00) and 84% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.70–0.92). Conclusions: The combination of GNAS and KRAS testing was highly specific and sensitive for IPMNs; however, the lack of sensitivity for MCNs highlights the need for additional markers to improve the detection of pancreatic mucinous neoplasms. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4381–9. ©2014 AACR.
The Differentiation of Pancreatic Tumor-Initiating Cells by Vitronectin Can Be Blocked by Cilengitide

Objective Pancreatic cancer is a leading cancer type and its molecular pathology is poorly understood. The only potentially curative therapeutic option available is complete surgical resection; however, this is inadequate as most of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) constitute a subpopulation of cells within a solid tumor that sustain tumor growth, metastasis, and chemo/radioresistance. Within pancreatic cancer, TICs have been identified based on the expression of specific cell surface markers. Methods We use a sphere formation assay to enrich putative TICs and use human serum as a driver of differentiation. We demonstrate by using specific blocking reagents that we can inhibit the differentiation process and maintain TIC-associated markers and genes. Results We can induce differentiation of pancreatospheres with the addition of human serum, and we identified vitronectin as an inducer of differentiation. We inhibit differentiation by human serum using an arginine-glycine-aspartate–specific peptide, which is Cilengitide; hence, demonstrating this differentiation is mediated via specific integrin receptors. Conclusions Overall, our studies further the definition of pancreatic TICs and provide further insight into both the maintenance and differentiation of this lethal population.
P53 mediated regulation of metallothionein transcription in breast cancer cells

Recent studies have shown that only breast cancer epithelial cells with intact p53 can induce metallothionein (MT) synthesis after exposure to metals. In this study, the potential role of p53 on regulation of MT was investigated. Results demonstrate that zinc and copper increased metal response elements (MREs) activity and MTF‐1 expression in p53 positive MN1 and parental MCF7 cells. However, inactivation of p53 by treatment with pifithrin‐α or the presence of inactive p53 inhibited MRE‐dependent reporter gene expression in response to metals. MTF‐1 levels remained unchanged after treatment with zinc in cells with nonfunctional p53. The introduction of wild‐type p53 in MDD2 cells, containing nonfunctional p53, enhanced the ability of zinc to increase MRE‐dependent reporter gene expression. The cellular level of p21Cip1/WAF1 was increased in MDD2 cells after p53 transfection, confirming the presence of active p53. The treatment of MN1 and parental MCF7 with trichostatin A led to a sixfold increase in the MRE activity in response to zinc. On the contrary, MRE activity remained unaltered in MDD2 cells with inactive p53. The above results demonstrate that activation of p53 is an important factor in metal regulation of MT. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1571–1583, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: hormone assay on peritoneal fluid in a laparoscopic study of infertile women.

33 infertile women with normal ovulatory cycles were investigated for the presence of a Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (L.U.F.) using steroid hormone assays in peritoneal fluid and laparoscopic visualization of ovulation stigmata. We failed to identify a stigma in 36% (12) of the patients in the early luteal phase, 1 subject had a cystic corpus luteum and in 4 cases no diagnosis was made due to the presence of adhesions. The mean hormone concentrations in PF were significantly higher when the stigma was present (17-beta-estradiol, P less than 0,05; progesterone, P less than 0,01; 17-oh-progesterone, P less than 0,05). The two groups (with and without ovulation stigmata) showed no differences in plasma levels of Estradiol (E2) and Progesterone (P). Stigmata were detected only in 17% of subjects with concomitant endometriosis. 3 patients with a luteal phase defect showed low levels of steroids in PF in spite of the presence of an ovulation stigma.
Efficient Sparse Matrix Processing for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring ( NILM )

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a process of discerning what appliances are running within a house from processing the power or current signal of a smart meter. Since appliance states are not observed directly, hidden Markov models (HMM) are a natural choice for modelling NILM appliances. However, because the number of HMM states grows rapidly with the number of appliances and their internal states, existing methods have relied on either simplifying the model (e.g. factorial HMM) or reducing the number of appliance states (e.g. considering only on/off states), all of which reduces the accuracy of NILM. In this paper we present a new NILM algorithm that can handle multiple internal appliance states while still keeping complexity in check by utilizing the sparsity of HMM emission and transition matrices. The results show overall accuracy results of 95% for both classification and estimation using the AMPds dataset.
ESTRATEGIAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO Y MIEDO A HABLAR EN PÚBLICO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS A NIVEL DE GRADO

En Uruguay son escasas las investigaciones científicas que estudian la relación entre Miedo a Hablar en Público y Afrontamiento, y menos las que estudian el papel de variables socio-demográficas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar los niveles de Miedo o Ansiedad de Hablar en Púbico (CASO-A30) y las Estrategias de Afrontamiento (Brief COPE) de los estudiantes de 2do. y 4to. año a nivel de grado y la incidencia de variables socio-demográficas (Encuesta elaborada ad hoc para este estudio). La muestra analizada (n= 76), 34 alumnos de 2do. año y 42 alumnos de 4to. , se compuso mayoritariamente por mujeres (88,2%) de entre 21 y 25 años (57,9%) sin actividad laboral (61,8%); aportó información por medio de cuestionarios de auto-informe, hallándose correlaciones negativas y positivas estadísticamente significativas entre las variables dependientes y algunas socio-demográficas. Se concluyó que las mujeres de entre 21 y 25 años, cursando 2do. año y sin actividad laboral evidenciaron ser la población de mayor vulnerabilidad.
Modularity, Atomicity and States in Archimedean Lattice Effect Algebras ?

Effect algebras are a generalization of many structures which arise in quantum physics and in mathematical economics. We show that, in every modular Archimedean atomic lattice effect algebra E that is not an orthomodular lattice there exists an (o)- continuous state ! on E, which is subadditive. Moreover, we show properties of finite and compact elements of such lattice effect algebras.
Juvenile Osprey Navigation during Trans-Oceanic Migration

To compensate for drift, an animal migrating through air or sea must be able to navigate. Although some species of bird, fish, insect, mammal, and reptile are capable of drift compensation, our understanding of the spatial reference frame, and associated coordinate space, in which these navigational behaviors occur remains limited. Using high resolution satellite-monitored GPS track data, we show that juvenile ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) are capable of non-stop constant course movements over open ocean spanning distances in excess of 1500 km despite the perturbing effects of winds and the lack of obvious landmarks. These results are best explained by extreme navigational precision in an exogenous spatio-temporal reference frame, such as positional orientation relative to Earth's magnetic field and pacing relative to an exogenous mechanism of keeping time. Given the age (<1 year-old) of these birds and knowledge of their hatching site locations, we were able to transform Enhanced Magnetic Model coordinate locations such that the origin of the magnetic coordinate space corresponded with each bird's nest. Our analyses show that trans-oceanic juvenile osprey movements are consistent with bicoordinate positional orientation in transformed magnetic coordinate or geographic space. Through integration of movement and meteorological data, we propose a new theoretical framework, chord and clock navigation, capable of explaining the precise spatial orientation and temporal pacing performed by juvenile ospreys during their long-distance migrations over open ocean.
Palliative Care in Enugu, Nigeria: Challenges to a New Practice

Everyone, young and old, male and female, rich and poor, should have access to excellent care during the course of a serious illness and at the end of life. Therefore, a denial of such care becomes an infringement of the individual's human rights. Because of the efforts of pioneers in this field of Medicine in Africa and beyond, both living and immortalized, we can now say that palliative care in the African context is affordable and achievable. In this article, some of the challenges faced in setting up and running a new palliative care practice in an emerging and developing economy are examined.
Suicides among seafarers in UK merchant shipping, 1919-2005.

BACKGROUND Little has been reported on suicides among seafarers and how they have changed over time. AIMS To establish the causes, rates and trends in suicides at work among seafarers in UK merchant shipping from 1919 to 2005 and to compare suicide rates with the general UK population and with seafarers employed in non-UK shipping. METHODS Examination of seafarers' death inquiry files, death registers and death returns (for a total population of 11.90 million seafarer-years); literature reviews and national suicide statistics. RESULTS The suicide rate (for suicides at work and unexplained disappearances at sea) in UK shipping fell from 40-50 per 100,000 in the 1920s to <10 per 100 000 in recent years, with an interim peak during the 1960s. Suicide rates were higher for ratings (all ranks below officers) than for officers, for Lascars (Asian seafarers) than for British seafarers and for older than for younger seafarers and were typically lower than those in Asian and Scandinavian merchant fleets. The suicide rate (for suicides at work) among seafarers was substantially higher than the overall suicide rate in the general British population from 1919 to the 1970s, but following reductions in suicide mortality among seafarers, it has become more comparable since. CONCLUSIONS Although merchant seafaring was previously a high-risk occupation for suicides at work, there has been a sharp fall in the suicide rate in the past 40 years. Likely reasons for this include reductions over time in long intercontinental voyages and changes over time in seafarers' lifestyles.
The curse of aid

Foreign aid provides a windfall of resources to recipient countries and may result in the same rent seeking behavior as documented in the “curse of natural resources” literature. In this paper we discuss this effect and document its magnitude. Using panel data for 108 recipient countries in the period 1960–1999, we find that foreign aid has a negative impact on institutions. In particular, if the foreign aid over GDP that a country receives over a period of 5 years reaches the 75th percentile in the sample, then a 10-point index of democracy is reduced between 0.5 and almost one point, a large effect. For comparison, we also measure the effect of oil rents on political institutions. We find that aid is a bigger curse than oil.
What is New in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor?

The classification “gastrointestinal stromal tumor” (GIST) became commonplace in the 1990s and since that time various advances have characterized the GIST lineage of origin, tyrosine kinase mutations, and mechanisms of response and resistance to targeted therapies. In addition to tyrosine kinase mutations and their constitutive activation of downstream signaling pathways, GISTs acquire a sequence of chromosomal aberrations. These include deletions of chromosomes 14q, 22q, 1p, and 15q, which harbor putative tumor suppressor genes required for stepwise progression from microscopic, preclinical forms of GIST (microGIST) to clinically relevant tumors with malignant potential. Recent advances extend our understanding of GIST biology beyond that of the oncogenic KIT/PDGFRA tyrosine kinases and beyond mechanisms of KIT/PDGFRA-inhibitor treatment response and resistance. These advances have characterized ETV1 as an essential interstitial cell of Cajal-GIST transcription factor in oncogenic KIT signaling pathways, and have characterized the biologically distinct subgroup of succinate dehydrogenase deficient GIST, which are particularly common in young adults. Also, recent discoveries of MAX and dystrophin genomic inactivation have expanded our understanding of GIST development and progression, showing that MAX inactivation is an early event fostering cell cycle activity, whereas dystrophin inactivation promotes invasion and metastasis.
DEPRESSION OF CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE DURING SYNGENEIC PREGNANCY AS MEASURED BY THE GRAFT‐VERSUS-HOST REACTION

The cellular immune response during the course of intrastrain pregnancies was evaluated in primiparous and multiparous BALB/c females by the graft-versus-host (GVH) activity of the splenic and lymph nodal lymphocytes. Splenic lymphocytes of both primiparous and multiparous pregnant mice had a GVH activity lower than that of the virgin mice. This immune deficit was more evident in multiparous than in primiparous females and occurred at the 6th day and during the last week of pregnancy. A similar although less pronounced phenomenon was found when lymph nodes instead of spleen of multiparous females were used as the source of cells in a GVH reaction. The immune deficit was less marked when spleen and lymph node cells of pregnant mice were compared with similar cells of pseudopregnant females. Incubation of virgin BALB/c spleen lymphocytes in the serum of multiparous pregnant mice as compared to normal virgin serum caused a reduction of the GVH activity; incubation of the cells in pseudopregnant serum also inhibited the immune response, but to a lesser extent than the incubation in multiparous sera.
Factors associated with referral to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation services.

BACKGROUND Although practice guidelines and policy statements for cardiac rehabilitation recommend that it be offered to all patients with cardiovascular disease, the participation rates in most Western countries are low. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the factors associated with referral to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. METHODS The study sample comprised 1933 patients discharged from public hospitals in the Hunter region between March 1, 1998 and February 28, 1999 who were eligible for cardiac rehabilitation, and for inclusion on the Hunter Area Heart and Stroke Register (the Register). Data were obtained from the Register database (gender, age, clinical information) and via a self-completed questionnaire eliciting referral, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular disease risk factor information. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors independently associated with referral. RESULTS : Of the respondents (1202/1933), 41% (493/1202; 95% confidence interval, 38-44%) reported that they had been referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. The factors independently associated with referral were age younger than 65 years, previous participation in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program, admission to a hospital that provides outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, a discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass surgery. CONCLUSIONS Younger age, previous participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, admission to a hospital that provides outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, a discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass surgery were associated with referral to cardiac rehabilitation. Research testing strategies designed to increase cardiac rehabilitation referral rates are needed and could include testing the potential role of modern quality management methods.
Solving algebraic equations in roots of unity

Abstract. This paper is devoted to finding solutions of polynomial equations in roots of unity. It was conjectured by S. Lang and proved by M. Laurent that all such solutions can be described in terms of a finite number of parametric families called maximal torsion cosets. We obtain new explicit upper bounds for the number of maximal torsion cosets on an algebraic subvariety of the complex algebraic -torus . In contrast to earlier work that gives the bounds of polynomial growth in the maximum total degree of defining polynomials, the proofs of our results are constructive. This allows us to obtain a new algorithm for determining maximal torsion cosets on an algebraic subvariety of .
Impact of Using Double-Patterning Versus Single-Patterning on Threshold Voltage $(V_{\rm TH})$ Variation in Quasi-Planar Tri-Gate Bulk MOSFETs

To experimentally investigate the impact of double-patterning and double-etching (2P2E) versus single-patterning and single-etching (1P1E) on the line-edge-roughness (LER) as well as on the LER-induced threshold-voltage <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{\rm TH})$</tex></formula> variation in a multigate bulk device, quasi-planar tri-gate (QPT) bulk metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are fabricated by a 28-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It is experimentally verified that the LER profile obtained through using the 2P2E 193-nm immersion photolithography technique has a relatively longer correlation length (i.e., lower spatial frequency) than that by the 1P1E technique, although they have a comparable root-mean-square deviation and fractal dimension. By using Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the random <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm TH}$</tex></formula> variations in the QPT bulk MOSFETs, we confirm that the 2P2E-LER-induced <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm TH}$</tex></formula> variation (versus the 1P1E-LER-induced <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm TH}$</tex></formula> variation) is suppressed by <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}20\%$</tex></formula> in terms of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sigma ({\it V}_{\rm TH})$</tex></formula>. However, the total <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm TH}$</tex></formula> variation in the QPT MOSFETs is slightly improved with the 2P2E technique, because the other variation sources such as random dopant fluctuation and work-function variation have still dominated the total <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm TH}$</tex></formula> variation. To fully benefit from the 2P2E technique, the other random/intrinsic variations should be better controlled in the QPT CMOS technology.
Identification of allele-specific alternative mRNA processing via transcriptome sequencing

Establishing the functional roles of genetic variants remains a significant challenge in the post-genomic era. Here, we present a method, allele-specific alternative mRNA processing (ASARP), to identify genetically influenced mRNA processing events using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. The method examines RNA-Seq data at both single-nucleotide and whole-gene/isoform levels to identify allele-specific expression (ASE) and existence of allele-specific regulation of mRNA processing. We applied the methods to data obtained from the human glioblastoma cell line U87MG and primary breast cancer tissues and found that 26–45% of all genes with sufficient read coverage demonstrated ASE, with significant overlap between the two cell types. Our methods predicted potential mechanisms underlying ASE due to regulations affecting either whole-gene-level expression or alternative mRNA processing, including alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and alternative transcriptional initiation. Allele-specific alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation may explain ASE in hundreds of genes in each cell type. Reporter studies following these predictions identified the causal single nucleotide variants (SNVs) for several allele-specific alternative splicing events. Finally, many genes identified in our study were also reported as disease/phenotype-associated genes in genome-wide association studies. Future applications of our approach may provide ample insights for a better understanding of the genetic basis of gene regulation underlying phenotypic diversity and disease mechanisms.