Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of cannabis use on cognitive function and clinical features of bipolar disorder

Aims: This study aims to compare the cognitive function of patients having dual diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and cannabis dependence with those having either diagnosis alone and with healthy controls. Settings and Design: Hospital-based study. Subjects and Methods: Study subjects were selected from patients attending psychiatry outpatient department in the presence of two senior consultant psychiatrists. Among the pool of the patients, only those who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Then the selected patients were administered the semi-structured sociodemographic data sheet, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, Trail Making Test Part A and Part B, verbal fluency tests, Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test, clock drawing test. Statistical analysis was done by using appropriate statistical methods. Statistical analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science-20 (SPSS-20, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)). Results: The results of our study showed there was significant impairment of cognitive function of the patients of bipolar with cannabis dependence than the patients of bipolar disorder or cannabis dependence alone. It had been also found that with an increase in age of onset of bipolar disorder, there was decrease in no of episode, decrease current duration, and inter-episodic recovery was better. Conclusions: The significant cognitive function impairment exists in bipolar with cannabis dependence and the severity of bipolar outcome correlate with the extent of cannabis use also. In spite of certain limitations such as small sample size, short follow-up time, absence of Indian version of neuropsychological tests, and referral bias inherent in hospital-based studies; present study provides valuable empirical insight into complex relationship between cannabis dependence, bipolar disorder, and cognitive dysfunction.
Conformal mapping-based 3D face recognition

In this paper we present a conformal mapping-based approach for 3D face recognition. The proposed approach makes use of conformal UV parameterization for mapping purpose and Shape Index decomposition for similarity measurement. Indeed, according to conformal geometry theory, each 3D surface with disk topology can be mapped onto a 2D domain through a global optimization, resulting in a diffeomorphism, i.e., one-to-one and onto. This allows us to reduce the 3D surface matching problem to a 2D image matching one by comparing the corresponding 2D conformal geometric maps. To deal with facial expressions, the M¨obius transformation of UV conformal space has been used to ’compress’ face mimic region. Rasterized images are used as an input for (2D)2PCA recognition algorithm. Experimented on 62 subjects randomly selected from the FRGC dataset v2 which includes different facial expressions, the proposed method displays a 86.43%, 97.65% and 69.38 rank-one recognition rate in respectively Neutral vs. All, Neutral vs. Neutral and Neutral vs. Expression scenarios.
Importance of Restricting Sportive Activity and Time from Injury to Surgery in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Objectives : It is unclear that how long reconstruction may be delayed before additional intraarticular injuries occur. Our aim was to determine the relationship of time period from injury to surgery with the incidence of meniscal and chondral injuries recorded at the time of surgical treatment for ACL tears. The effect of sportive activity restriction, grade of chondral lesions and their locations were also evaluated Patients and Methods : 213 patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated retrospectively. Data were analyzed for association between time period before surgery and patients sportive activity restriction with rates of meniscal and chondral injuries. According to time from initial trauma to surgery less than 12 months grouped as group I (101 patients) and 12 months and longer defined as group II (81 patients). Patients who had surgery before 12 months were divided into groups of smaller time scales (0 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 9 months, 10 to 12 months) to examine the relationships more closely. For sportive activity restriction a functional scale was used that described restricted activities including military training. Results : One hundred eighty-two patients were included to the study. 81 patients restricted sportive activity before surgery. 18 (% 22.2) of these patients had chondral injury [6 (% 33.3) operated before 12 months and 12 (% 66.7) operated after 12 months]. The difference was statistically significant (p=0,005). 81 patients (group II) were operated after 12 months. There were 44 (% 54.3) patients with chondral injury in this group [32 (% 72.7) patients were who continued their sportive activity and 12 (% 27.3) patients who restricted their sportive activity]. The difference was statistically significant (p=0,026). Correlation analysis showed that with increasing time from initial trauma to surgery chondral lesion incidence and grade of these lesions increases (p<0,001, p=0,001). Conclusion : The results indicate that the prolonged time from injury to surgery and continuing sportive activity before surgery increases the incidence of the chondral lesions. Also, time limit of 12 month is important to prevent chondral injury in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Cuckoldry Incites Cannibalism: Male Fish Turn to Cannibalism When Perceived Certainty of Paternity Decreases

Perceived certainty of paternity is expected to influence a male’s behavior toward his offspring: if he is uncertain of his reproductive success with a current brood due to the presence of cuckolders, it may benefit him to invest instead in future reproduction. A decrease in perceived certainty of paternity incites filial cannibalism (the eating of one’s own offspring) in some teleost fishes that provide parental care; however, no work has demonstrated that cannibalism increases proportionately with increased levels of cuckoldry. Here we show for the first time in a fish with no parental care that as the number of cuckolders at a spawning event increases, so does the probability that a male will cannibalize eggs. In field observations of Telmatherina sarasinorum, a small fish endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, males increased filial cannibalism behavior threefold in the presence of one cuckolder and nearly sixfold in the presence of two or more cuckolders. This suggests that males may use detection of cuckolders as an indication that the paternity of current offspring has been compromised.
Forever Young

ABSTRACT Sexuality is one of the least understood aspects of aging, and society often seems to imply that sexuality does not have a place in the lives of older people. This article provides an overview of sexuality and aging, including myths and common physical, emotional, and social concerns. It offers suggestions as to how health-care professionals can take a prevention, or health promotion, focus that emphasizes education toward maintaining quality of life for this growing population group, and as a result, help them optimize their sexual quality of life to the fullest extent during the “golden years” of their lives.
Epidemiology of Falls in Older Age

RÉSUMÉ Les chutes chez les personnes agées sont une préoccupation de la santé publiquedans le monde entier en raison de leur fréquence et les conséquences néfastes en terms de morbidité, mortalité et de la qualité de vie, ainsi que leur impact sur les services et les coûts du système de santé. Cette étude épidémiologique décrit la charge de la santé publique de chutes et de blessures liées aux chutes et l’impact sur les chutes du vieillissement de la population. L’ampleur du problème est décrit en termes du classement des chutes et la mesure des résultats, y compris l’incidence des chutes et des blessures liées dans tous les milieux, les déterminants socio-démographiques, les tendance internationales, et le coût des chutes et des blessures liées aux chutes. Enfin, des approches de santé publique afin de minimiser les risques de chutes et la demande conséquente sur les ressources de soins de santé sont récommandés. ABSTRACT Worldwide, falls among older people are a public health concern because of their frequency and adverse consequences in terms of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, as well as their impact on health system services and costs. This epidemiological review outlines the public health burden of falls and fall-related injuries and the impact of population aging. The magnitude of the problem is described in terms of the classification of falls and measurement of outcomes, including fall incidence rates across settings, sociodemographic determinants, international trends, and costs of falls and fall-related injuries. Finally, public health approaches to minimize falls risk and consequent demand on health care resources are suggested.
Influence of 10% sodium ascorbate gel application time on composite bond strength to bleached enamel

Abstract Objective To analyze bond strength to bleached enamel following application of 10% sodium ascorbate gel. Material and methods Forty third molars were allocated into five groups (n = 8): GP – unbleached specimens restored with composite resin; GN – specimens restored immediately after bleaching; and G15; G30 and G60 (test groups) – bleached specimens treated with 10% sodium ascorbate gel for 15, 30 and 60 min before restoration. The teeth were sectioned and the buccal and lingual faces were restored. After storage in distilled water (37 °C/24 h), sticks of ±0.8 mm2 were tested in tensile (0.5 mm/min). Fractures were observed and classified. Data (in MPa) were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Results No differences were found among GP (26 ± 6.0), G15 (23 ± 7.3), G30 (25 ± 6.1) and G60 (25 ± 5.1), with GN (15 ± 5.5) showing the lowest bond strength (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The application of 10% sodium ascorbate gel for 15 min after bleaching with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide restored the bonding to enamel.
Prior acetaminophen consumption impacts the early adaptive cellular response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise.

Resistance exercise (RE) is a powerful stimulus for skeletal muscle adaptation. Previous data demonstrate that cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs alter the cellular mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prior consumption of the COX inhibitor acetaminophen (APAP) alters the immediate adaptive cellular response in human skeletal muscle after RE. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, healthy young men ( n = 8, 25 ± 1 yr) performed two trials of unilateral knee extension RE (8 sets, 10 reps, 65% max strength). Subjects ingested either APAP (1,000 mg/6 h) or placebo (PLA) for 24 h before RE (final dose consumed immediately after RE). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected at rest and 1 h and 3 h after exercise. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 signaling was assessed through immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression of myogenic genes was examined via RT-qPCR. At 1 h p-rpS6Ser240/244 was increased in both groups but to a greater extent in PLA. At 3 h p-S6K1Thr389 was elevated only in PLA. Furthermore, localization of mTOR to the lysosome (LAMP2) in myosin heavy chain (MHC) II fibers increased 3 h after exercise only in PLA. mTOR-LAMP2 colocalization in MHC I fibers was greater in PLA vs. APAP 1 h after exercise. Myostatin mRNA expression was reduced 1 h after exercise only in PLA. MYF6 mRNA expression was increased 1 h and 3 h after exercise only in APAP. APAP consumption appears to alter the early adaptive cellular response of skeletal muscle to RE. These findings further highlight the mechanisms through which COX-inhibiting drugs impact the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The extent to which the cellular reaction to acetaminophen impacts the mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise is not well understood. Consumption of acetaminophen before resistance exercise appears to suppress the early response of mTORC1 activity to acute resistance exercise. These data also demonstrate, for the first time, that resistance exercise elicits fiber type-specific changes in the intracellular colocalization of mTOR with the lysosome in human skeletal muscle.
Molecular evidence of host‐associated genetic divergence in the holly leafminer Phytomyza glabricola (Diptera: Agromyzidae): apparent discordance among marker systems

Host races play a central part in understanding the role of host plant mediated divergence and speciation of phytophagous insects. Of greatest interest are host‐associated populations that have recently diverged; however, finding genetic evidence for very recent divergences is difficult because initially only a few loci are expected to evolve diagnostic differences. The holly leafminer Phytomyza glabricola feeds on two hollies, Ilex glabra and I. coriacea, that are broadly sympatric throughout most of their ranges. The leafminer is often present on both host plants and exhibits a dramatic life history difference on the two hosts, suggesting that host races may be present. We collected 1393 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data (45 polymorphic bands) from sympatric populations of flies reared from the two hosts. Phylogenetic and frequency analysis of mitochondrial COI sequence data uncovered considerable variation but no structuring by the host plant, and only limited differentiation among geographical locations. In contrast, analysis of AFLP frequency data found a significant effect with host plant, and a much smaller effect with geographical location. Likewise, neighbour‐joining analysis of AFLP data resulted in clustering by host plant. The AFLP data indicate that P. glabricola is most likely comprised of two host races. Because there were no fixed differences in mitochondrial or AFLP data, this host‐associated divergence is likely to have occurred very recently. P. glabricola therefore provides a new sympatric system for exploring the role of geography and ecological specialization in the speciation of phytophagous insects.
Cellular MIMO Channel Capacities of MC-CDMA and OFDM

Multicarrier transmission techniques (i.e., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA)) are the promising candidates for wireless access technique in future cellular communication systems because of their capability to eliminate the multipath interference. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-space division multiplexing (SDM) can increase the transmission rate without bandwidth expansion. A combination of multi-carrier technique and MIMO is a promising technique. However, the transmission performance of MC-CDMA severely degrades because of the inter-code interference (ICI) arising from the orthogonality distortion owing to the frequency- selective fading. In this paper, we derive the channel capacity formula for MC-CDMA MIMO taking into account the ICI and co-channel interference (CCI) in a cellular environment. Many ICI cancellers have been proposed. The cellular channel capacity of MC-CDMA MIMO with perfect ICI cancellation is numerically evaluated and is compared to that of OFDM MIMO in a cellular environment. The impacts of the frequency-reuse factor and the number of propagation paths are also discussed. The numerical computation results show that the cellular channel capacity of MC-CDMA is larger than that of OFDM.
How Feeling Betrayed Affects Cooperation

For a population of interacting self-interested agents, we study how the average cooperation level is affected by some individuals' feelings of being betrayed and guilt. We quantify these feelings as adjusted payoffs in asymmetric games, where for different emotions, the payoff matrix takes the structure of that of either a prisoner's dilemma or a snowdrift game. Then we analyze the evolution of cooperation in a well-mixed population of agents, each of whom is associated with such a payoff matrix. At each time-step, an agent is randomly chosen from the population to update her strategy based on the myopic best-response update rule. According to the simulations, decreasing the feeling of being betrayed in a portion of agents does not necessarily increase the level of cooperation in the population. However, this resistance of the population against low-betrayal-level agents is effective only up to some extend that is explicitly determined by the payoff matrices and the number of agents associated with these matrices. Two other models are also considered where the betrayal factor of an agent fluctuates as a function of the number of cooperators and defectors that she encounters. Unstable behaviors are observed for the level of cooperation in these cases; however, we show that one can tune the parameters in the function to make the whole population become cooperative or defective.
Student Performance Improvement using Interactive Textbooks: A Three-

We conducted studies to determine whether introducing an interactive textbook into introductory STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) courses can improve student grades. An interactive textbook has substantially less text than a traditional textbook, instead having numerous embedded question sets designed for learning and not quizzing, numerous animations of key concepts, and some built-in tools. The studies included four introductory computer-programming courses at three research universities: C++ at Univ. of Michigan, C/C++ at Univ. of Arizona, and MATLAB at Univ. of California at Davis. For each, two course offerings were compared, the first using a static textbook or static web resources, and the second using an interactive textbook. Most other course features remained the same between offerings, including the teacher and the semester offering (e.g., Spring semester), or were very similar; differences are noted. We analyzed final course grades and performance on specific course items using nonparametric analysis with conservative Bonferroni adjustment for multiple tests. Across all courses involving 1,945 students, course grades improved by 0.28 points on a 0-4 point scale (p-value < 0.001), or 1/4 letter grade, from static to interactive textbook. More importantly, students in the lower quartile of the course improved by 0.38 points (p-value < 0.001), or 1/3 letter grade. Exam scores improved by 13.6% (p-value < 0.001) and project scores by 7.4% (pvalue < 0.001) from static to interactive textbooks. 98% of the students subscribed to the interactive textbook and completed at least some activities on the interactive textbook. The average student completed 87% of the assigned activities in the interactive textbook.
DETECTION OF BARTONELLA SP. IN DEER LOUSE FLIES (LIPOPTENA MAZAMAE) ON GRAY BROCKET DEER (MAZAMA GOUAZOUBIRA) IN THE NEOTROPICS

Abstract Louse flies or deer keds, Lipoptena spp. , are widespread in Neotropical cervids, but the vector-borne pathogens of louse flies had only been previously reported in the Northern hemisphere. This is the first report of Bartonella spp. in deer louse flies (Lipoptena mazamae) in the neotropics collected from gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) in Southern Brazil. DNA from Bartonella sp. was detected in all 429 L. mazamae collected from 11 road-killed gray brocket deer. The same sequences of DNA of Bartonella spp. were identified in samples. Gray brocket deer are abundant in Brazil, so Bartonella-infected Lipoptena spp. may be widely distributed in the neotropics.
Psychosocial and developmental antecedents of chest pain in young adults.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the relationships among chest pain, psychiatric disorder, and early experience of ill health. METHODS The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development is a population-based birth cohort study established in 1946 (N = 5362). During childhood, several informants (parents, teachers, and school physicians) were interviewed or completed questionnaires. Data were available on the subjects' health, the health of their parents, and subjects' personalities. At the age of 36 years, subjects were asked about chest pain using the Rose Angina Questionnaire and completed the Present State Examination, a semistructured psychiatric interview. Subjects were followed for another 7 years (to age 43 years) to determine the outcome of those with chest pain. RESULTS Chest pain was reported in 17.2% (95% CI = 15.9-18.5%) of respondents at 36 years. The prevalence of exertional chest pain was 1.0% (95% CI = 0.7-1.3%). There was little evidence of coronary heart disease in those with exertional pain at age 36 years when followed for 7 years. However, there was a powerful cross-sectional relationship between psychiatric disorder and chest pain (OR for psychiatric disorder and all chest pain = 3.55, 95% CI = 2.34-5.37; OR for psychiatric disorder and exertional chest pain = 29.08, 95% CI = 6.65-127.15). Childhood risk factors, including poor health reported in parents at age 15 years and fatigue during childhood, were also associated with chest pain. CONCLUSIONS Chest pain (especially exertional chest pain) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in young adults. Childhood experiences, including illness in parents, are associated with subsequent chest pain.
Diurnal Fluctuations in Ethylene Formation in Chenopodium rubrum

Ethylene formation was studied in 5- to 6-d-old Chenopodium rubrum seedlings under the following light regimes: continuous light (CL), continuous darkness (CD), and alternating light/darkness (12 h of each). No significant regular oscillations in ethylene formation were found in either the CL or CD groups. In the light/dark regime, pronounced diurnal fluctuations in ethylene formation were observed. Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase was transiently increased on transfer from light to dark and vice versa. In CL, ACC oxidase activity did not change significantly, whereas in CD, it decreased continuously after the initial increase. The in vivo levels of ACC and N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) were constant for the first few hours of darkness, then decreased dramatically, but increased again in the light. In constant darkness, the level of ACC displayed endogenous rhythm, with minimum values at h 12 and 44, and a maximum value at h 32 to 36. The level of MACC in both shoots and roots decreased in the CD group until h 12, and then remained constant until h 30 before decreasing continuously. We conclude that the photoperiodic regime affects both ACC and MACC levels, as well as the conversion of ACC to ethylene. Correlation of the described changes in ethylene formation to photoperiodic flower induction is discussed.