Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moral imagination in theory and practice

MORAL IMAGINATION IN THEORY AND PRACTICE by Peter L. Samuelson A review of the literature in several domains reveals that moral imagination plays a role in how we deliberate about moral issues and what motivates us to act in a moral way. This study begins by outlining an operational definition of moral imagination based largely on Dewey’s model of dramatic rehearsal (Dewey, 1922), along with an explication of the role of image schemas, metaphor, empathy, and narrative in moral imagination (Johnson, 1993) and an examination of how moral imagination develops through the lifespan. A review of the research of the components of moral imagination is included, especially in the literature of moral development, problem solving, and creativity, as well as a proposal of an avenue of research to advance the understanding of this vital and complex human capacity. The study continues with an investigation of a curriculum designed to foster the cognitive processing of empathic emotions stimulated by viewing film clips from Hollywood-produced films. The curriculum stimulates moral imagination by offering situations in which participants can place themselves and then discuss possible moral outcomes. The curriculum is thought to aid in the development of moral expertise by exposing participants to a perspective-taking script from childhood (Hoffman, 2000) and making that script chronically accessible to the participant (Lapsley & Narvaez, in press). Three hundred sixty-six students (grades third through eighth) enrolled in after-school programs in two rural Georgia counties were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group. The content of the intervention was delivered in a 3-week period in one county and in a 9-week period in the other. Results indicate that the longer intervention produced more gains in moral theme recognition (MTI; Narvaez, Gleason, Mitchell, & Bentley, 1999) compared to the shorter intervention. Participants in the shorter intervention demonstrated an attraction to moral theme statements reflecting higher stages of moral reasoning after the intervention than before compared to a control group from the same county. While further study is warranted, it appears the curriculum initiated a transition to higher stage reasoning in some of the
Predictive Validity of the Body Adiposity Index in Overweight and Obese Adults Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

The body adiposity index (BAI) is a recent anthropometric measure proven to be valid in predicting body fat percentage (BF%) in some populations. However, the results have been inconsistent across populations. This study was designed to verify the validity of BAI in predicting BF% in a sample of overweight/obese adults, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 participants (54% women, mean age 41.0 ± 7.3 years old). DEXA was used as the “gold standard” to determine BF%. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association between BAI and BF%, as assessed by DEXA. A paired sample t-test was used to test differences in mean BF% obtained with BAI and DEXA methods. To evaluate the concordance between BF% as measured by DEXA and as estimated by BAI, we used Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman agreement analysis. The correlation between BF% obtained by DEXA and that estimated by BAI was r = 0.844, p < 0.001. Paired t-test showed a significant mean difference in BF% between methods (BAI = 33.3 ± 6.2 vs. DEXA 39.0 ± 6.1; p < 0.001). The bias of the BAI was −6.0 ± 3.0 BF% (95% CI = −12.0 to 1.0), indicating that the BAI method significantly underestimated the BF% compared to the reference method. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was considered stronger (ρc = 0.923, 95% CI = 0.862 to 0.957). In obese adults, BAI presented low agreement with BF% measured by DEXA; therefore, BAI is not recommended for BF% prediction in this overweight/obese sample studied.
Do associated auto-antibodies influence the outcome of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy?

Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular autoimmune disease, where antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor destroy this receptor. The role of thymectomy in the treatment of MG remains controversial. Because of the frequent association with other autoimmune diseases, we hypothesized that patients with multiple autoantibodies (autoAbs) might have a lower chance of reaching complete stable remission after thymectomy. We analyzed sera of 85 MG patients who underwent a thymectomy between April 2004 and December 2012. We used four different immunodot kits (D-Tek, Mons, Belgium): ANA25 Quantrix, Synthetase 10 Diver, Myositis 7 Diver and Liver 10 profile Diver, all automatized on the BlueDiver Instrument (D-Tek). The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) postintervention status was used to determine the outcome after thymectomy. AutoAbs other than anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were detected in 29.4% of the patients of whom 16.5% clinically had a second autoimmune disease. In none of the seronegative patients other autoAbs were detected. No significant difference was observed in the 3-years remission rate after thymectomy in patients with or without antibodies other than anti-AChR antibodies. Although these autoAbs do not predict outcome in our MG patient cohort, screening for multiple autoAbs in MG patients might be warranted to identify patients with additional autoimmune diseases.
The equilibrium dynamics and statistics of gravity–capillary waves

Abstract Recent field observations and modelling of breaking surface gravity waves suggest that air-entraining breaking is not sufficiently dissipative of surface gravity waves to balance the dynamics of wind-wave growth and nonlinear interactions with dissipation for the shorter gravity waves of $O(10)$ cm wavelength. Theories of parasitic capillary waves that form at the crest and forward face of shorter steep gravity waves have shown that the dissipative effects of these waves may be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the viscous dissipation of the underlying gravity waves. Thus the parasitic capillaries may provide the required dissipation of the short wind-generated gravity waves. This has been the subject of speculation and conjecture in the literature. Using the nonlinear theory of Fedorov & Melville (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 354, 1998, pp. 1–42), we show that the dissipation due to the parasitic capillaries is sufficient to balance the wind input to the short gravity waves over some range of wave ages and wave slopes. The range of gravity wave lengths on which these parasitic capillary waves are dynamically significant approximately corresponds to the range of short gravity waves that Cox & Munk (J. Mar. Res., vol. 13, 1954, pp. 198–227) found contributed significantly to the mean square slope of the ocean surface, which they measured to be proportional to the wind speed. Here we show that the mean square slope predicted by the theory is proportional to the square of the friction velocity of the wind, ${u_{\ast }}^{2}$ , for small wave slopes, and approximately $u_{\ast }$ for larger slopes.
A Hierarchical Clustering Technique for Radio Map Compression in Location Fingerprinting Systems

Location Fingerprinting is one of the radio positioning techniques which has been proposed in the field of Location Based Services (LBS). Considering the actual trends towards energy efficient systems and green networking, reducing the energy consumption has become a challenging issue in the context of fingerprinting systems. In this paper we present a clustering technique which aims to compress the radio database and hence to reduce the online processing load of the system. We propose a hierarchical clustering method which is applied in a concatenated location-radio signal space. %The clustering technique tries to provides high quality signal matching in radio signal space and low positioning error in geographical domain. Computer simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique in environments with different shadowing configurations. The results show that the proposed clustering technique outperforms the conventional griding method, and besides allows us to reduce the size of the database significantly while keeping an acceptable level of performance for the positioning system.
Models and methods in the study of adolescent and adult thought

Preface Structural and Nonstructural Models of Postformal Thought Equilibration Models and the Framework of Postformal Cognition by Francis A. Richards Alfred North Whitehead and Adult Model Development by Allan B. Chinen Modes of Knowledge and the Organization of Development by Gisela Labouvie-Vief The Reflective Judgment Model: Ten Years of Research by Karen Strohm Kitchener and Patricia M. King Maps for Living: Ego-Development Stages from Symbiosis to Conscious Universal Embeddedness by Susanne R. Cook-Greuter Unitary Consciousness and the Highest Development of Mind: The Relation Between Spiritual Development and Cognitive Development by Herb Koplowitz Construct Validity and Theories of Adult Development: Testing for Necessary but Not Sufficient Relationships by Phillip Karl Wood Measurements and Comparisons of Formal and Postformal Cognitive Operations Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence for Differences between Well-Structured and Ill-Structured Problem-Solving Abilities by Mary M. Brabeck and Phillip K. Wood Structural and Developmental Relations Between Formal and Postformal Capacities: Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Adolescent and Adult Cognitive Development by Andreas Demetriou Applying Signal Detection Theory to Measure Subject Sensitivity to Metasystematic, Systematic and Lower-Developmental-Stage Signals by Francis A. Richards and Michael L. Commons. Detecting Metasystematic, Systematic, and Lower-Stage Relations: An Empirical Investigation of Postformal Stages of Development by Francis A. Richards The Relationship Between Piagetian and Kohlbergian Stage: An Examination of the "Necessary but Not Sufficient Relationship" by Michael L. Commons and Tina A. Grotzer Postformal Models in the Moral Domain The Development of Justice Reasoning During Young Adulthood: A Three-Dimensional Model by Mark B. Tappan A Rawlsian View of Kohlberg's Conception of Stage-Six Justice Reasoning by Albert Erdynast Critical Views of Postformal Thought Which Postformal Levels Are Stages? by Lawrence Kohlberg Bibliography Author Index Subject Index
Treatment‐related adverse events associated with a modified UK ALLR3 induction chemotherapy backbone for childhood relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The UK ALLR3 (R3) regimen has been adopted to treat pediatric relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by many centers in the United States and has become a preferred therapeutic backbone for testing novel agents in clinical trials. A detailed toxicity profile of this platform has not previously been reported. The toxicity and response rates for its use beyond first relapse are unknown.
Antiendomysial and antihuman recombinant tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a biopsy-proven European multicentre study

Objective To investigate the value of serum antitissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (IgA-TTG) and IgA antiendomysial antibodies (IgA-EMA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in cohorts from different geographical areas in Europe. The setting allowed a further comparison between the antibody results and the conventional small-intestinal histology. Methods A total of 144 cases with coeliac disease [median age 19.5 years (range 0.9-81.4)], and 127 disease controls [median age 29.2 years (range 0.5-79.0)], were recruited, on the basis of biopsy, from 13 centres in nine countries. All biopsy specimens were re-evaluated and classified blindly a second time by two investigators. IgA-TTG were determined by ELISA with human recombinant antigen and IgA-EMA by an immunofluorescence test with human umbilical cord as antigen. Results The quality of the biopsy specimens was not acceptable in 29 (10.7%) of 271 cases and a reliable judgement could not be made, mainly due to poor orientation of the samples. The primary clinical diagnosis and the second classification of the biopsy specimens were divergent in nine cases, and one patient was initially enrolled in the wrong group. Thus, 126 coeliac patients and 106 controls, verified by biopsy, remained for final analysis. The sensitivity of IgA-TTG was 94% and IgA-EMA 89%, the specificity was 99% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions Serum IgA-TTG measurement is effective and at least as good as IgA-EMA in the identification of coeliac disease. Due to a high percentage of poor histological specimens, the diagnosis of coeliac disease should not depend only on biopsy, but in addition the clinical picture and serology should be considered.
A comparison of physical and dosimetric properties of lung substitute materials.

PURPOSE The need for an accurate estimate of absorbed doses within and around irradiated thorax tissues necessitates the use of carefully selected materials from which phantoms are constructed. A lung substitute is more difficult to establish mostly due to its low physical density. Although many researchers have used cork as a lung substitute, very little research data address cork's characteristics to determine which type of cork is optimal as a substitute for lung tissue. METHODS Natural cork, composition cork, rubber cork, ATOM, RANDO, and a reference lung material (ICRU-44 lung tissue) were investigated to establish comparisons of physical properties. Following the determination of the respective physical properties, the dose distributions from 6 MV photon beams in water/lung substitute/water phantoms were assessed using the Monte Carlo method. Physical and electron densities affecting the dose distributions through lung tissues in different field size conditions were investigated. RESULTS The physical properties (physical density, electronic density, and effective atomic number) of the composition cork are the most similar to those of the ICRU-44 lung, and the CT number of the composition cork is very similar to that of humans aged 30-60. PDD of the composition cork and the RANDO phantom are the most comparable to that of ICRU-44 lung in 1 × 1 cm(2) field size due to the combined properties of physical density (PD) and electron density per gram (EDG) of the studied lung materials. PD and EDG affect the lung dose primarily in small field size. The effects of PD are minimal in large fields, having a more rapid lateral electron equilibrium. EDG dominates PDD pattern in lung material when large fields are applied. Combined effects of PD and EDG are nonlinear for all field sizes. CONCLUSIONS The composition cork is the preferred lung substitute based on physical and dosimetric properties.
Multiple Dendrochronological Signals Indicate the Eruption of ParíCutin Volcano, Michoacán, Mexico

Abstract The eruption of Parícutin (1943–1952), a cinder cone volcano in Michoacán, Mexico, caused dendrochronological and dendrochemical responses that might be useful as general dating tools for eruptions. For the eruption period, pines near Parícutin have slightly suppressed ring widths plus high inter-annual variability of width. Wood anatomy changes include traumatic resin ducts and thin bands of false latewood. Dendrochemistry of tree rings shows little temporal variation in most elements, but beginning in 1943 sulfur content increased in rings of four trees and phosphorus content increased in rings of two trees. Hypotheses for increased S and P include new availability of pre-existing soil S and P and/or new input of S and P from the tephra itself. Pines at Parícutin also show suppressed ring widths for five years beginning in 1970, and had the eruption date not been known, the most likely conclusion from ring-width data alone would have been an eruption from 1970 to 1974. However, the 1970s suppression was in response to defoliation by a pine sawfly outbreak, not an eruption. For dendrochronological dating of cinder-cone eruptions, a combination of multiple characteristics (width, chemistry, and anatomy) would be more reliable than depending on any one characteristic alone.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE USAGE IN AN OLDER POPULATION.

To test the hypothesis that a role/reversal/adrogyny in later years manifests itself in language usage, 30 subjects (15 male and 15 female, 65 years of age or older were recruited. A speech sample was elicited from the respondents by the presentation of a picture for description, the descriptions being tape recorded. Dependent variables were verbosity and the use of numerals, approximators, evaluative adjectives, modifiers, and hedges, and self-referents. Gender was the single independent variable. It was hypothesized that the differences which exist between males and females in the dependent variables are a direct reversal of those in a younger population, as demonstrated by several published studies with which the results of the present research were compared. Data demonstrate, with a single exception that of the use of approximators which precede numerals the hypotheses were not supported.
Environmental Drivers of Benthic Flux Variation and Ecosystem Functioning in Salish Sea and Northeast Pacific Sediments

The upwelling of deep waters from the oxygen minimum zone in the Northeast Pacific from the continental slope to the shelf and into the Salish Sea during spring and summer offers a unique opportunity to study ecosystem functioning in the form of benthic fluxes along natural gradients. Using the ROV ROPOS we collected sediment cores from 10 sites in May and July 2011, and September 2013 to perform shipboard incubations and flux measurements. Specifically, we measured benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients to evaluate potential environmental drivers of benthic flux variation and ecosystem functioning along natural gradients of temperature and bottom water dissolved oxygen concentrations. The range of temperature and dissolved oxygen encountered across our study sites allowed us to apply a suite of multivariate analyses rarely used in flux studies to identify bottom water temperature as the primary environmental driver of benthic flux variation and organic matter remineralization. Redundancy analysis revealed that bottom water characteristics (temperature and dissolved oxygen), quality of organic matter (chl a:phaeo and C:N ratios) and sediment characteristics (mean grain size and porosity) explained 51.5% of benthic flux variation. Multivariate analyses identified significant spatial and temporal variation in benthic fluxes, demonstrating key differences between the Northeast Pacific and Salish Sea. Moreover, Northeast Pacific slope fluxes were generally lower than shelf fluxes. Spatial and temporal variation in benthic fluxes in the Salish Sea were driven primarily by differences in temperature and quality of organic matter on the seafloor following phytoplankton blooms. These results demonstrate the utility of multivariate approaches in differentiating among potential drivers of seafloor ecosystem functioning, and indicate that current and future predictive models of organic matter remineralization and ecosystem functioning of soft-muddy shelf and slope seafloor habitats should consider bottom water temperature variation. Bottom temperature has important implications for estimates of seasonal and spatial benthic flux variation, benthic–pelagic coupling, and impacts of predicted ocean warming at high latitudes.
A Model for Structured Education for Patients with Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: an Explorative Study of the ″Haut Tief″ Patient Educational Program

4 Abbreviations . 6 Introduction . 7 Intervention. 7 Secondary Endpoints . 8 Qualitative Feedback/ Enrollment Rate and Participation . 9 Materials and Methods . 10 Instrumentation . 10 Study Design . 10 Patients . 10 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria . 10 Recruitment . 10 Randomization . 11 Primary Endpoints . 11 Intervention . 12 Demographics and Baseline Characteristics . 13 Primary Endpoints. 13 Dermatological Quality of Life (DLQI and Skindex29) . 13 Generic Quality of Life (SF 36, EQ5D, EQ VAS) . 14 Secondary Endpoints . 14 Depression Severity (BDI) . 14 Clinical Scores (PASI/EASI). 14 Qualitative Feedback (Mutual Feedback Session, Open Questions) . 15 Enrollment Rate and Participation . 15 Statistical Analysis . 15 Study Approval . 15 Results . 16 Demographics and Baseline Characteristics . 16 Primary Outcomes . 17 Dermatological Quality of Life (DLQI and Skindex29) . 17 Generic Quality of Life (SF 36, EQ5D, EQ VAS) . 17 Secondary Outcomes . 17 Depression Severity (BDI) . 17 Clinical Scores (PASI/EASI). 17 Qualitative Feedback (Mutual Feedback Session, Open Questions) . 18 Enrollment Rate and Participation . 18
Reduced Subthreshold Characteristics and Flicker Noise of an AlGaAs/InGaAs PHEMT Using Liquid Phase Deposited TiO2 as a Gate Dielectric

This study presents the fabrication and improved properties of an AlGaAs/InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (MOS-PHEMT) using liquid phase deposited titanium dioxide (LPD-TiO2) as a gate dielectric. Sulfur pretreatment and postoxidation rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were consecutively employed before and after the gate dielectric was deposited to fill dangling bonds and therefore release interface trapped charges. Compared with a benchmark PHEMT, the AlGaAs/InGaAs MOS-PHEMT using LPD-TiO2 exhibited larger gate bias operation, higher breakdown voltage, suppressed subthreshold characteristics, and reduced flicker noise. As a result, the device with proposed process and using LPD-TiO2 as a gate dielectric is promising for high-speed applications that demand little noise at low frequencies.
Numerical simulation of pulsating turbulent channel flow

Direct and large-eddy simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations are used to study the pulsating flow in a channel. The cases examined span a wide range of frequencies of the driving pressure gradient, and encompass different physical behaviors, from the quasi-Stokes flow observed at high frequencies, to a quasisteady behavior at the lowest ones. The validity of the dynamic Smagorinsky model to study this kind of unsteady flow is established by a posteriori comparison with direct simulations and experimental data. It is shown that the fluctuations generated in the near-wall region by the unsteady pressure gradient do not propagate beyond a certain distance lt from the wall, which can be estimated quite accurately by a simple eddy viscosity argument. No substantial departure from the Stokes regime at very high frequency (ω+ as high as 0.1) is observed. The time-dependent characteristics of the flow are examined in detail, as well as the topology of the coherent structures.