Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Asset Pricing Anomalies in an Exchange Economy

Several well-known asset pricing anomalies arise when simple endowment economies are calibrated to real data. We show that many of these anomalies are largely mitigated, and even disappear, if we endow the representative agent with an arbitrarily small minimum consumption level. We illustrate this point in a standard one-tree Lucas exchange economy with power utility and lognormal consumption growth. Insuring the agent’s consumption allows us to solve the model for parameter values where the standard model is not defined. For such parameter values, disasters are much more important for the representative investor, and the equity premium therefore higher, even though the insurance makes consumption less risky. Our model yields reasonable risk premia, Sharpe ratios and discount rates; excess price volatility; a high market price-dividend ratio; and an upward-sloping term structure. Technically, our model leads to nonlinear price functions and to price dynamics quite dierent from those in the standard model. The model is tractable, and we derive closed-form solutions for all variables of interest. We also establish that the results can be generalized.
Realization of graded-simple algebras as loop algebras

Abstract Multiloop algebras determined by n commuting algebra automorphisms of finite order are natural generalizations of the classical loop algebras that are used to realize affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras. In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a ℤ n -graded algebra to be realized as a multiloop algebra based on a finite dimensional simple algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for two such multiloop algebras to be graded-isomorphic, up to automorphism of the grading group. We prove these facts as consequences of corresponding results for a generalization of the multiloop construction. This more general setting allows us to work naturally and conveniently with arbitrary grading groups and arbitrary base fields. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16W50, 17B70; 17B65, 17B67.
Ahmed valve study really comparable ? Were the groups in the trabeculectomy versus

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The phase-space parameters of the brightest halo galaxies

The brightest galaxy in a dark matter halo is expected to reside at rest at the centre of the halo. In this paper, we test this 'Central Galaxy Paradigm' (CGP) using group catalogues extracted from the Two-Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). For each group, we compute a parameter R, which is defined as the difference between the velocity of the brightest group galaxy and the average velocity of the other group members (hereafter satellites), normalized by the unbiased estimator of the velocity dispersion of the satellite galaxies. Because the redshift surveys suffer from incompleteness effects and the group selection criterion unavoidably selects interlopers, a proper comparison between data and model needs to take this into account. To this extent, we use detailed mock galaxy redshift surveys (MGRSs), which are analysed in exactly the same way as the data, thus allowing for a fair comparison. We show that the CGP is only consistent with the data in haloes with M less than or similar to 10(13) h(-1) M circle dot, while in more massive haloes the data indicate a non-zero offset between the brightest galaxy and the satellites. This indicates that either central galaxies reside at the minimum of the dark matter potential, but that the halo itself is not yet fully relaxed, or, that the halo is relaxed, but that the central galaxy oscillates in its potential well. The former is consistent with the fact that the velocity bias of the brightest halo galaxies is larger in more massive haloes, while the latter may be indicative of cored, rather than cusped, dark matter haloes. We discuss several implications of these findings, including mass estimates based on satellite kinematics, strong gravitational lensing, halo occupation models, and the frequency and longevity of lopsidedness in disc galaxies.
Learning Generative Models with Visual Attention

Attention has long been proposed by psychologists to be important for efficiently dealing with the massive amounts of sensory stimulus in the neocortex. Inspired by the attention models in visual neuroscience and the need for object-centered data for generative models, we propose a deep-learning based generative framework using attention. The attentional mechanism propagates signals from the region of interest in a scene to an aligned canonical representation for generative modeling. By ignoring scene background clutter, the generative model can concentrate its resources on the object of interest. A convolutional neural net is employed to provide good initializations during posterior inference which uses Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Upon learning images of faces, our model can robustly attend to the face region of novel test subjects. More importantly, our model can learn generative models of new faces from a novel dataset of large images where the face locations are not known.
Localization of low-sulfur keratin proteins in the wool follicle using monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies that recognize components of the low-sulfur keratin proteins extracted from Merino wool have been used to locate these components within the wool follicle. Immunoblotting procedures showed that all of the monoclonal antibodies bound more than one of the eight low-sulfur protein components, indicating that these proteins have antigenic determinants in common. Immunofluorescence studies showed that those antibodies specific for the component 7 family of the low-sulfur proteins bound to the developing wool fiber, whereas those antibodies recognizing the component 8 family bound to areas throughout the wool follicle, particularly the inner and outer root sheaths, but also to the fiber, the cuticle, and the epidermis. One of the monoclonal antibodies also bound to intermediate filament networks of cultured human epithelial cells.
A Lion or a Shoe: 17-Month-Olds Observing VS. Acting on an Object in an Object Individuation Task

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v LIST OF FIGURES . viii CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION . 1 Jean Piaget . 2 Object Individuation . 4 Acting on Objects . 6 Multisensory Learning . 7 Control Over an Object . 7 Elements of Play . 9 Selective Attention . 10 Current Study . 11 CHAPTER TWO. METHODS SECTION . 13 Participants . 13 Stimuli and Experimental Set Up . 13 Events and Procedures . 15 Familiarization Trials . 15 Experimenter Hides Condition Test Trials . 16 Baby Hides Condition Test Trials. 16 Flashing-Object Condition Test Trials. 17 Coding Procedures . 17 CHAPTER THREE. RESULTS . 18 Data Analysis Plan . 18
Prognostic significance of the therapeutic targets histone deacetylase 1, 2, 6 and acetylated histone H4 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Aims: Aberrant histone acetylation has been associated with malignancy and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently being investigated in numerous clinical trials. So far, the malignancy most sensitive to HDAC inhibitors has been cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). The reason for this sensitivity is unclear and studies on HDAC expression and histone acetylation in CTCL are lacking. The aim of this study was to address this issue.
Teacher Supply: The Key Issues

Preface List of contents List of tables List of figures Abbreviations Introduction Chapter One - An international crisis for the teaching workforce? Chapter Two - Re-considering the indications of the crisis Describing the teaching workforce Chapter Three - Who are the teachers? Chapter Four - Why do people become teachers? The strengths and weaknesses of the teaching workforce Chapter Five - Does teacher training make a difference? Chapter Six - Trends in teacher supply and demand. International perspectives on teacher quality Chapter Seven - The views of the employers Chapter Eight - Can we require 'highly-qualified' teachers? Conclusion Chapter Nine - Strengthening the teaching workforce Appendix - some of the larger tables relating to individual institutions References Index.
Implementing the 2-D Wavelet Transform on SIMD-Enhanced General-Purpose Processors

The 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) consumes up to 68% of the JPEG2000 encoding time. In this paper, we develop efficient implementations of this important kernel on general-purpose processors (GPPs), in particular the Pentium 4 (P4). Efficient implementations of the 2-D DWT on the P4 must address three issues. First, the P4 suffers from a problem known as 64K aliasing, which can degrade performance by an order of magnitude. We propose two techniques to avoid 64K aliasing which improve performance by a factor of up to 4.20. Second, a straightforward implementation of vertical filtering incurs many cache misses. Cache performance can be improved by applying loop interchange, but there will still be many conflict misses if the filter length exceeds the cache associativity. Two methods are proposed to reduce the number of conflict misses which provide an additional performance improvement of up to 1.24. To show that these methods are general, results for the P3 and Opteron are also provided. Third, efficient implementations of the 2-D DWT must exploit the SIMD instructions supported by most GPPs, including the P4, and we present MMX and SSE implementations of horizontal and vertical filtering which provide a maximum speedup of 3.39 and 6.72, respectively.
Role of Bmi-1 in Regulation of Ionizing Irradiation-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells

Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment for cancer. However, recent studies suggest that ionizing radiation (IR) can promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Bmi-1, a member of the polycomb group protein family, has been observed as a regulator of oxidative stress and promotes metastasis in some tumors. But, its potential role in the metastasis induced by IR of breast cancer has not been explored. In our study, we found that increased levels of Bmi-1 were correlated to EMT of breast cancer cells. Through analyzing the EMT state and metastasis of breast cancer induced by IR, we found the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells can either be inhibited or accelerated by IR following a time-dependent pattern. Silencing Bmi-1 completely abolished the ability of the IR to alter, reduce or increase, the migration of breast cancer cells. Also, when Bmi-1 was knocked down, the effect of inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling on EMT affected by IR was blocked. These results suggest that Bmi-1 is a key gene in regulation of EMT and migration of breast cancer cells induced by IR through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling; therefore, Bmi-1 could be a new target for inhibiting metastasis caused by IR.
The effect of school closure on principal leadership

School closures have been the focus of educational research in the past; however, the perceived effect of this critical event on the school leader has been marginally investigated. A principal’s leadership has been proven to be influential in determining the effectiveness of the learning environment. Succession pressure on maintaining effective school leadership is increasing. Understanding the school leader’s experience of living through a closure process will help to sustain and enrich the leadership capacity that is already in place. This study examined the perceived effects of school closure on the principal’s leadership. A qualitative, narrative analysis approach was used. Six principal narratives and two superintendent narratives formed the basis of data to examine the professional, personal, and structural aspects associated with experiencing a school closure. The school closure experiences were examined using three lenses. Jurgen Habermas’ perspectives on communication style, and system and lifeworld, helped clarify the positioning of the principal in the event, to understand the positions taken, and the dialectic approaches of the Board and school community. Carl Weick’s ideas of sensemaking supported analysis of how principal’s created a perspective for working through the school closure. Albert Bandura’s ideas on self-efficacy assisted with the analysis of the principals’ leadership change. Leadership change was identified. Principals who experienced a school closure demonstrated an enhanced (a) sense of self-efficacy, (b) role awareness and craft knowledge, and (c) conflict resolution skills. The principals were aware of the tension of allegiances to both district and school community. School leaders felt that the school closure was a critical event in their life, but they continued to be professionally motivated. Principals viewed their role in school closure primarily as a caregiver for students and staff, and a facilitator of information. Advice is offered for future school
ANALISIS EFISIENSI MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PT. PUSRI PALEMBANG SEBELUM DAN SETELAH SPIN-OFF

The objectives of this research are to determine the effect of the current ratio (current ratio-CR), accounts receivable turnover (turnover Receivable-RTO), inventory turnover (Inventory turnover-ITO) and working capital turnover (Working capital turnover - WCTO) to profitability (Return on assets - ROA) PT. Pusri Palembang. The population of this research is the data monthly financial report period 2009-2012. Sampling method used was purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that partial variable current ratio and the receivables turnover has no effect on profitability (ROA) while inventory turnover and working capital turnover has a positive effect on profitability (ROA). While the results of the study showed that the variables simultaneously CR, RTO, ITO and WCTO significant positive effect on profitability (ROA) with the R-square coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.763. This means that 76.3% of the dependent variable, namely ROA is affected by the independent variable CR, RTO, ITO and WCTO, while the remaining 23.7% is influenced by other factor .
Guidelines for trust interface design for public engagement Web GIS

Attesting to the powerful capabilities and in technology trends, many scholars envisioned the consolidation of geographic information systems (GIS) into vital tools for disseminating spatial information. GIS are presently used to inform, advise and instruct users in several contexts and to further engage citizens in decision-making processes that can impact and sustain policy development. Interaction with these applications incorporates risk and uncertainty, which have been repeatedly identified as preconditions in nurturing trust perceptions and which instigate a user's decision to rely on a system and act on the provided information. Research studies consistently demonstrated that a trust-oriented interface design can facilitate the development of more trustworthy, mainly e-commerce, systems. Trust in the Web GIS context, despite its significance, has only relatively recently received some attention. A set of human–computer interaction (HCI) user-based studies revealed some Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust beliefs and found that when these are problematic or absent from interface design, users form irrational trust perceptions, which amplifies the risk and may impose dangers to the user. These Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust perceptions are formulated here into a set of trust guidelines. These are then evaluated using the PE-Nuclear tool, a Web GIS application, to inform the public about the site selection of a nuclear waste repository in the United Kingdom. Our preliminary results indicate that the proposed trust guidelines not only support the development of rational trust perceptions that protect non-experts from inappropriate use of Web GIS technology but also contribute towards improving interaction with such applications of public interest issue.
Guide rail design for a passive suction cup based wall-climbing robot

This paper designs a guide rail for a wall-climbing robot based on passive suction cups. The designed guide rail can guarantee stable climbing of a wall-climbing robot. Firstly, to design the parameters of the guide rail, properties of the utilized passive suction cup are experimentally studied. Then a guide rail is designed to distribute the forces of the attached suction cups. It guarantees that the front attached suction cup of the robot obtains a large enough reaction force from the attached surface. Experimental results show that the robot prototype with the designed guide rail is able to stably climb a surface without falling off, since the front suction cup of the robot prototype can be completely attached to the climbing surface.
Large-Scale Solvent-Free Chlorination of Hydroxy-Pyrimidines, -Pyridines, -Pyrazines and -Amides Using Equimolar POCl3

Chlorination with equimolar POCl3 can be efficiently achieved not only for hydroxypyrimidines, but also for many other substrates such as 2-hydroxy-pyridines, -quinoxalines, or even -amides. The procedure is solvent-free and involves heating in a sealed reactor at high temperatures using one equivalent of pyridine as base. It is suitable for large scale (multigram) batch preparations.
The rich 6 to 9 vec mu m spectrum of interstellar PAHs

IR spectroscopy provides a valuable tool for the characterisation and identification of interstellar molecular species. Here, we present 6-9 mum spectra of a sample of reflection nebulae, HII regions, YSOs, evolved stars and galaxies that show strong unidentified infrared bands, obtained with the SWS spectrograph on board ISO. The IR emission features in this wavelength region show pronounced variations. 1) The 6.2 mum feature shifts from 6.22 to 6.3 mum and clearly shows profile variations. 2) The 7.7 mum complex is comprised of at least two subpeaks peaking at 7.6 and one longwards of 7.7 mum. In some cases the main peak can apparently shift up to 8 mum. Two sources do not exhibit a 7.7 mum complex but instead show a broad emission feature at 8.22 mum. 3) The 8.6 mum feature has a symmetric profile in all sources and some sources exhibit this band at slightly longer wavelengths. For the 6.2, 7.7 and 8.6 mum features, the sources have been classified independently based on their profile and peak position. The classes derived for these features are directly linked with each other. Sources with a 6.2 mum feature peaking at similar to6.22 mum exhibit a 7.7 mum complex dominated by the 7.6 mum component. In contrast, sources with a 6.2 mum profile peaking longwards of 6.24 mum show a 7.7 mum complex with a dominant peak longwards of 7.7 mum and a 8.6 mum feature shifted toward the red. Furthermore, the observed 6-9 mum spectrum depends on the type of object. All ISM-like sources and a few PNe and Post-AGB stars belong to the first group while isolated Herbig AeBe stars, a few Post-AGB stars and most PNe belong to the second group. We summarise existing laboratory data and theoretical quantum chemical calculations of the modes emitting in this wavelength region of PAH molecules. We discuss the variations in peak position and profile in view of the exact nature of the carrier. We attribute the observed 6.2 mum profile and peak position to the combined effect of a PAH family and anharmonicity with pure PAHs representing the 6.3 mum component and substituted/complexed PAHs representing the 6.2 mum component. The 7.6 mum component is well reproduced by both pure and substituted/complexed PAHs but the 7.8 mum component remains an enigma. In addition, the exact identification of the 8.22 mum feature remains unknown. The observed variations in the characteristics of the IR emission bands are linked to the local physical conditions. Possible formation and evolution processes that may influence the interstellar PAH class are highlighted.
AUV Navigation and Localization: A Review

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigation and localization in underwater environments is particularly challenging due to the rapid attenuation of Global Positioning System (GPS) and radio-frequency signals. Underwater communications are low bandwidth and unreliable, and there is no access to a global positioning system. Past approaches to solve the AUV localization problem have employed expensive inertial sensors, used installed beacons in the region of interest, or required periodic surfacing of the AUV. While these methods are useful, their performance is fundamentally limited. Advances in underwater communications and the application of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology to the underwater realm have yielded new possibilities in the field. This paper presents a review of the state of the art of AUV navigation and localization, as well as a description of some of the more commonly used methods. In addition, we highlight areas of future research potential.
Utilization of idle time in an M/G/1 queueing system Management Science 22

A vacuum pump having a mechanically operated plunger or piston which is so arranged as to either fully open or fully close a supply of compressed gas. The compressed gas flows through a venturi tube to create a vacuum. This vacuum in turn causes the atmospheric pressure to urge the plunger against a spring force to close the connection between the compressed gas and the venturi tube. This will maintain the vacuum pressure between two predetermined limits. As soon as the pressure in the vacuum chamber rises above a predetermined value the compressed gas supply is opened again to reduce the gas pressure in the vacuum chamber. There are also disclosed a new desoldering tool, a power cylinder, clamping fixtures and suction cups operable with the vacuum pump of the invention.
Measurement of Hard Lags and Coherences in the X-Ray Flux of Accreting Neutron Starsand Comparison with Accreting Black Holes

Using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we have measured lags of the 9-33 keV photons relative to the 2-9 keV photons in the timing noise between 0.01 and 100 Hz in the accreting neutron stars 4U 0614+09 and 4U 1705-44. We performed similar measurements on the accreting black hole candidates Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4 as a comparison. During the observations, these sources were all in low (hard) states. We find phase lags of between 0.03 and 0.2 rad in all of these sources, with a variation in frequency much less than expected for a lag constant in time. We also measure a coherence consistent with unity in all sources. As already noted for the black hole candidates, these data are inconsistent with simple Comptonization models invoking a constant time delay. Comptonization in a nonuniform medium can perhaps explain the lags. However, the magnitudes of the lags imply that the hot electron gas extends to more than 103 Schwarzschild radii. This may constitute an energy problem. We argue that while a large hot cloud is possible for black holes, which may hide some of their accretion energy in advection, such a distribution may not be possible for neutron stars, in which all the accretion energy is eventually released at the neutron star surface. This casts doubt on the Comptonization model, although the energy problem may be resolved, for example, by a wind from the inner disk.