Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raksha: a flexible information flow architecture for software security

High-level semantic vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and crosssite scripting have surpassed buffer overflows as the most prevalent security exploits. The breadth and diversity of software vulnerabilities demand new security solutions that combine the speed and practicality of hardware approaches with the flexibility and robustness of software systems. This paper proposes Raksha, an architecture for software security based on dynamic information flow tracking (DIFT). Raksha provides three novel features that allow for a flexible hardware/software approach to security. First, it supports flexible and programmable security policies that enable software to direct hardware analysis towards a wide range of high-level and low-level attacks. Second, it supports multiple active security policies that can protect the system against concurrent attacks. Third, it supports low-overhead security handlers that allow software to correct, complement, or extend the hardware-based analysis without the overhead associated with operating system traps. We present an FPGA prototype for Raksha that provides a full featured Linux workstation for security analysis. Using unmodified binaries for real-world applications, we demonstrate that Raksha can detect high-level attacks such as directory traversal, command injection, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting as well as low-level attacks such as buffer overflows. We also show that low overhead exception handling is critical for analyses such as memory corruption protection in order to address false positives that occur due to the diverse code patterns in frequently used software.
Relationship between bone and ash weight to age, body weight and body length of thai adults after cremation.

BACKGROUND Cremation is the most common Thai funeral mode. In Thailand, there have not been any previous reports of bone and ash weight after cremation. OBJECTIVE Collect the bone and ash weight after the cremation and find the variables that affected the bone and ash weight. MATERIAL AND METHOD One hundred and ten samples, including fifty-five males and fifty-five females, were collected from the Thai population. A Thai crematorium (Series Tiger 1) that could produce a temperature of approximately 850 degrees C - 1200 degrees C was employed. It took about 1-1.5 hours to complete the incineration. RESULTS The average bone and ash weight of the males was 2.68 kg with SD 1.41; female was 2.12 with SD 1.25; and total was 2.40 with SD 1.36. The present study supported that age and body weight affected the bone and ash weight while the body length (height) did not. The fitted equation was y = 1.969 - 0.01846 (age) + 0.03087 (body weight), where y = predicted bone and ash weight. CONCLUSION The present study shows that age and body weight affected the bone and ash weight. From this information, the authors could find the predicted value of either age or body weight. If the authors would like to find the age, the authors can employ the fittest equation y = 76.097 - 3.219 (Bone and ash weight) where y = predicted age. Additionally, if the authors would like tofind the body weight, we can employ thefittest equation = 51.930 + 1.673 (Bone and ash weight) where y = predicted body weight.
Do men know that they have had a prostate-specific antigen test? Accuracy of self-reports of testing at 2 sites.

This study determined the accuracy of self-reports of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Men (N = 402) attending 2 outpatient clinics were asked: "Did you have a PSA test today? " and their medical records were checked. Concordance, sensitivity, and false-negative values were 65%, 67%, and 33%, respectively, at 1 clinic site and 88%, 64%, and 36% at the other. The accuracy of self-reports of PSA testing should be interpreted with caution.
New treatment of dry eye: the effect of calcium ointment through eyelid skin delivery

AIM To demonstrate the efficacy of a petrolatum based calcium ointment applied to the lower lid skin in the management of dry eye. METHODS In a controlled double masked study, the effects of water free petrolatum ointment containing calcium carbonate (10% w/w) on tear functional factors and ocular surface vital staining in dry eye patients were observed. Petrolatum without calcium carbonate served as control. Patients were instructed to place ointment to the lower lid skin twice a day. Evaluation of subjective complaints, fluorescein and rose bengal staining patterns, blink rate, tear evaporation and tear break up time (BUT) were performed before and 3 months after treatment. In order to demonstrate the movement of petrolatum from the skin to the tear film, petrolatum containing 1% sodium fluorescein was placed on the lower lid of four healthy volunteers, and the concentration of fluorescein in the tear film was followed up to 6 hours using an anterior fluorometer. RESULTS Subjective symptoms significantly improved in both the calcium group (p=0.001) and control (p=0.012), while only the calcium group demonstrated a significant improvement in fluorescein (p=0.043), rose bengal (p=0.021) scores, and blink rate (p=0.004). Tear evaporation also significantly decreased in both the calcium group (p=0.0004) and control (0.043). BUT did not improve in either group. CONCLUSION Petrolatum based calcium ointment significantly improved symptoms, tear dynamics, and ocular surface staining in dry eye patients. However, some of the therapeutic effects may be due to lipids in the petrolatum vehicle. Petrolatum applied to the lower lid skin is an effective drug delivery system for slowly releasing drugs to the ocular surface.
The Intangible Costs and Benefits of Computer Investments: Evidence from the Financial Markets

We show how the financial market valuation of firms can be used to estimate the intangible costs and benefits of computer capital and we present several new empirical results based on this model. Using eight years of data for 820 non-financial firms in the United States, we find that an increase of one dollar in the quantity of computer capital installed by a firm is associated with an increase of about ten dollars in the financial markets’ valuation of the firm. Other forms of capital do not exhibit these high valuations. Our model suggests that adjustment costs and intangible assets may provide an explanation for the high market valuation found for computers in this study as well as the high returns found for computer capital in firm-level productivity studies. Costly investments in software, training and organizational transformations that accompany computer investments can be regarded as creating intangible assets. These intangible assets do not appear on firms’ conventional balance sheets but they can produce both higher market valuations and apparent “excess” returns. The empirical evidence suggests that the vast majority of the costs and benefits of computerization are embodied in otherwise unobserved intangible assets. We thank Brownyn Hall, Robert Hall, Lorin Hitt, Stephen Oliner, Nancy Rose and participants of NBER Productivity Seminar, and the MIT and Berkeley Industrial Organization Seminars for valuable comments. The National Science Foundation, the MIT Center for Coordination Science, the Stanford Computer Industry Project provided generous financial support and International Data Group and Computer Intelligence Corporation provided valuable data. The authors are responsible for any remaining errors. This paper subsumes a previous version that was presented at the International Conference on Information Systems, Atlanta, GA, December, 1997. Intangible Assets Page 2
Memory and Executive Functions in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Objective:We investigated whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have poorer memory and executive functions than healthy controls. Background:The relatively inconsistent previous findings on this question reflect a lack of well-matched control groups, the inclusion of patients with comorbidity, and the use of noncomparable neuropsychological tests to assess memory and executive functions. Methods:We used well-accepted neuropsychological tests of memory and executive functions to assess 42 patients who had obsessive-compulsive disorder without comorbidity, and 42 healthy controls. We matched the patients and controls pairwise by sex, age, and years of education. Results:The patients performed significantly worse than the controls on the Rey Complex Figure Test, which assesses visuospatial memory and organizational skills. This group difference remained after we controlled for age, education, intelligence, and severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusions:The findings indicate that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder may have impaired visuospatial memory and organizational skills, and these impairments should be considered in treatment. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00792038.
Calentamiento por láser: una técnica mínimamente invasiva para el estudio del calentamiento producido por el fuego en materiales pétreos de construcción

Due to the irreparable damage it can cause, fire is one of the major risks to buildings. Recent studies on the effects of fire tend to focus on micro-scale analysis, addressing questions such as micro-cracking or mineralogical or chemical changes that are particularly relevant to listed buildings. The fire simulation techniques employed to date (convection heating laboratory furnaces and real flame tests) are subject to a series of limitations including non-repeatability, the lack of combustion by-products and, most importantly, the need to work with large samples. In this final context, techniques must be found that require only minimal sample sizes. This paper introduces laser irradiation as a technique suitable for simulating the “combustion” of building materials, since it mimics the physics of fire, is repeatable, yields combustion products and, most importantly, can be applied to small specimens. Indeed, as laser irradiation concentrates high amounts of energy in small areas, it can be used for micro-scale testing.
Homologous modeling of the lysosomal protective protein/carboxypeptidase L: Structural and functional implications of mutations identified in galactosialidosis patients

The deficiency of the lysosomal protective protein/carboxypeptidase L (CARB L) causes the lysosomal storage disorder, galactosialidosis, characterized by neuraminidase and β‐galactosidase deficiencies in patients' cells. The three enzymes form a complex inside the lysosome, and the neuraminidase and β‐galactosidase deficiencies are secondary to CARB L deficiency. Sequence similarity and common enzymological properties suggest that the protomeric tertiary structure of CARB L is conserved within a family of serine carboxypeptidases which includes the yeast carboxypeptidase Y, killer expression I gene product and several plant carboxypeptidases. We used this homology to build a model of the CARB L structure based on the recently published X‐ray atomic coordinates of the wheat carboxypeptidase II (CPDW‐II) which shares 32% primary structure identity with CARB L. Small insertions and deletions were accommodated into the model structure by energy minimization using the DREIDING II force field. The Cα atomic‐coordinates of the final CARB L model have a RMS shift of 1.01 Å compared to the corresponding conserved residues in the CPDW‐II template structure. The correct orientation of the homologous catalytic triad residues Ser150, His429 and Asp392, the potential energy calculations and the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophillic residues in the structure all support the validity of the CARB L model. Most missense mutations identified in galactosialidosis patients were located in secondary structural elements except for the Tyr211→Asn mutation which is in a loop. The other mutant residues have their side chains deeply buried in the central β‐sheet of the model structure except for the Phe412→Val mutation which is located in the dimer interface. The predicted effects of specific mutations on CARB L structural stability correlates well with recently published transient expression studies of mutant CARB L (Shimmoto, M. et al., J. Clin. Invest., 91:2393–2399, 1993). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decreased expression of interleukin 13 in human lung emphysema

Background: The overexpression of interferon (IFN)γ or interleukin (IL)-13 in the adult murine lung induces the development of changes that mirror human lung emphysema. Methods: IL-13 and IFNγ expression was determined in lung samples from five groups of patients: severe emphysema without α1-antitrypsin deficiency (SE+, n = 10); severe emphysema with α1-antitrypsin deficiency (SE−, n = 5); mild localised emphysema (ME, n = 8); non-emphysema smokers (NE-S, n = 9), and non-emphysema non-smokers (NE-NS, n = 11). Lung IL-13 and IFNγ mRNA were analysed by RT-PCR. Lung concentrations of IL-13 protein were assessed by ELISA. Results: The expression of IFNγ mRNA was similar in patients with or without emphysema. IL-13 mRNA was markedly decreased in the SE+ group compared with the SE− (p = 0.04), ME (p = 0.02), and non-emphysema groups (p = 0.01). IL-13 mRNA correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (r = 0.5, p = 0.04) and arterial oxygen tension (r = 0.45, p = 0.03) in emphysema patients. In contrast to the non-emphysematous lung, IL-13 protein was below the detection limit of the assay in most emphysematous lung homogenates. Conclusion: The lung IL-13 content is reduced in patients with severe emphysema without α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Efficient 3-D model search and retrieval using generalized 3-D radon transforms

Measuring the similarity between three-dimensional (3-D) objects is a challenging problem, with applications in computer vision, molecular biology, computer graphics, and many other areas. This paper describes a novel method for 3-D model content-based search based on the 3-D Generalized Radon Transform and a querying by-3-D-model approach. A set of descriptor vectors is extracted using the Radial Integration Transform (RIT) and the Spherical Integration Transform (SIT), which represent significant shape characteristics. After the proper alignment of the models, descriptor vectors are produced which are invariant in terms of translation, scaling and rotation. Experiments were performed using three different databases and comparing the proposed method with those most commonly cited in the literature. Experimental results show that the proposed method is adequately satisfactory in terms of both precision versus recall and time needed for retrieval, and that it can be used for 3-D model search and retrieval in a highly efficient manner.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐19 is expressed by proliferating epithelium but disappears with neoplastic dedifferentiation

MMP‐19 (also designated RASI) is a recently discovered member of a large family of zinc‐dependent proteolytic enzymes, most of which have been implicated in cancer growth and metastasis. It differs from the others by its chromosomal location and structure and is expressed by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo. Our aim was to study the putative role of MMP‐19 in skin cancer. We also examined its regulation in keratinocyte cultures using quantitative TaqMan RT‐PCR. Our results show that MMP‐19 can also be detected in stimulated keratinocytes by Northern and Western analyses. In wounds, it was found in keratinocytes outside the migrating area, while in BCC and SCC, it was present in the hyperproliferative (p63‐positive), E‐cadherin‐negative epidermis at the tumor surface but downregulated in invasive cancer islands. Expression was also evident in endothelial cells of neoangiogenic regions and in occasional stromal fibroblasts. Of the 12 tested cytokines/growth factors, only TNF‐α and PMA were able to stimulate the expression of MMP‐19 mRNA in primary keratinocytes. No MMP‐19 mRNA was detected by Northern analysis in cultured HaCaT or A5 cells or in an SCC cell line established from head‐and‐neck cancer. Our data suggest that, unlike most MMPs, MMP‐19 expression in the epidermis is downregulated during transformation and histologic dedifferentiation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time is What Prevents Everything from Happening at Once: Propagation Time-conscious Influence Maximization

The influence maximization (IM) problem as defined in the seminal paper by Kempe et al. has received widespread attention from various research communities, leading to the design of a wide variety of solutions. Unfortunately, this classical IM problem ignores the fact that time taken for influence propagation to reach the largest scope can be significant in realworld social networks, during which the underlying network itself may have evolved. This phenomenon may have considerable adverse impact on the quality of selected seeds and as a result all existing techniques that use this classical definition as their building block generate seeds with suboptimal influence spread. In this paper, we revisit the classical IM problem and propose a more realistic version called PROTEUS-IM (Propagation Time conscious Influence Maximization) to replace it by addressing the aforementioned limitation. Specifically, as influence propagation may take time, we assume that the underlying social network may evolve during influence propagation. Consequently, PROTEUSIM aims to select seeds in the current network to maximize influence spread in the future instance of the network at the end of influence propagation process without assuming complete topological knowledge of the future network. We propose a greedy and a Reverse Reachable (RR) set-based algorithms called PROTEUS-GENIE and PROTEUS-SEER, respectively, to address this problem. Our algorithms utilize the state-of-the-art Forest Fire Model for modeling network evolution during influence propagation to find superior quality seeds. Experimental study on real and synthetic social networks shows that our proposed algorithms consistently outperform state-of-the-art classical IM algorithms with respect to seed set quality.
Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of external influences to the gut microbiotic composition in early infancy. METHODS. Fecal samples from 1032 infants at 1 month of age, who were recruited from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands, were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the enumeration of bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Bacteroides fragilis group, lactobacilli, and total bacterial counts. Information on potential determinants of the gut microbiotic composition was collected with repeated questionnaires. The associations between these factors and the selected gut bacteria were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS. Infants born through cesarean section had lower numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, whereas they were more often colonized with C difficile, compared with vaginally born infants. Exclusively formula-fed infants were more often colonized with E coli, C difficile, Bacteroides, and lactobacilli, compared with breastfed infants. Hospitalization and prematurity were associated with higher prevalence and counts of C difficile. Antibiotic use by the infant was associated with decreased numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides. Infants with older siblings had slightly higher numbers of bifidobacteria, compared with infants without siblings. CONCLUSIONS. The most important determinants of the gut microbiotic composition in infants were the mode of delivery, type of infant feeding, gestational age, infant hospitalization, and antibiotic use by the infant. Term infants who were born vaginally at home and were breastfed exclusively seemed to have the most “beneficial” gut microbiota (highest numbers of bifidobacteria and lowest numbers of C difficile and E coli).
LSTM CCG Parsing

We demonstrate that a state-of-the-art parser can be built using only a lexical tagging model and a deterministic grammar, with no explicit model of bi-lexical dependencies. Instead, all dependencies are implicitly encoded in an LSTM supertagger that assigns CCG lexical categories. The parser significantly outperforms all previously published CCG results, supports efficient and optimal A decoding, and benefits substantially from semisupervised tri-training. We give a detailed analysis, demonstrating that the parser can recover long-range dependencies with high accuracy and that the semi-supervised learning enables significant accuracy gains. By running the LSTM on a GPU, we are able to parse over 2600 sentences per second while improving state-of-the-art accuracy by 1.1 F1 in domain and up to 4.5 F1 out of domain.
${\BBZ}_4$ -Valued Quadratic Forms and Quaternary Sequence Families

In this paper, Zopf<sub>4</sub>-valued quadratic forms defined on a vector space over <i>GF(2)</i> are studied. A classification of such forms is established, distinguishing Zopf<sub>4</sub>-valued quadratic forms only by their rank and whether the associated bilinear form is alternating. This result is used to compute the distribution of certain exponential sums, which occur frequently in the analysis of quaternary codes and quaternary sequence sets. The concept is applied as follows. When <i>t</i>=0 or <i>m</i> is odd, the correlation distribution of family <i>S</i>(<i>t</i>), consisting of quaternary sequences of length <i>2</i> <sup>m</sup>-1, is established. Then, motivated by practical considerations, a subset <i>S</i> <sup>*</sup>(<i>t</i>) of family <i>S</i>(<i>t</i>) is defined, and the correlation distribution of family <i>S</i> <sup>*</sup>(<i>t</i>) is given for odd and even <i>m</i>.
A Polytopal Generalization of Sperner's Lemma

We prove the following conjecture of Atanassov (Studia Sci. Math. Hungar. 32 (1996), 71-74). Let T be a triangulation of a d-dimensional polytope P with n vertices v1, v2,. , vn. Label the vertices of T by 1,2,. , n in such a way that a vertex of T belonging to the interior of a face F of P can only be labelled by j if vj is on F. Then there are at least n - d full dimensional simplices of T, each labelled with d + 1 different labels. We provide two proofs of this result: a non-constructive proof introducing the notion of a pebble set of a polytope, and a constructive proof using a path-following argument. Our non-constructive proof has interesting relations to minimal simplicial covers of convex polyhedra and their chamber complexes, as in Alekseyevskaya (Discrete Math. 157 (1996), 15-37) and Billera et al. (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 57 (1993), 258-268).
Exact boundary controllability of coupled hyperbolic equations

Abstract We study the exact boundary controllability of two coupled one dimensional wave equations with a control acting only in one equation. The problem is transformed into a moment problem. This framework has been used in control theory of distributed parameter systems since the classical works of A.G. Butkovsky, H.O. Fattorini and D.L. Russell in the late 1960s to the early 1970s. We use recent results on the Riesz basis property of exponential divided differences.
[Renal agenesis, cranial blind ureter and ureterocele. Report of a case].

OBJECTIVES We report a case of associated malformations in a young male with recurrent epididymitis. METHODS In our study we used the following techniques: ultrasound, intravenous urography, retrograde pyelography, computed tomography and cystoscopy. RESULTS We observed three coexisting congenital malformations: renal agenesis, cranial blind-ending ureter and ureterocele. CONCLUSIONS Different urologic malformations are usually found in association. In our view only symptomatic ureteroceles require treatment.