Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running

This study aimed to validate a simple field method for determining force– and power–velocity relationships and mechanical effectiveness of force application during sprint running. The proposed method, based on an inverse dynamic approach applied to the body center of mass, estimates the step‐averaged ground reaction forces in runner's sagittal plane of motion during overground sprint acceleration from only anthropometric and spatiotemporal data. Force– and power–velocity relationships, the associated variables, and mechanical effectiveness were determined (a) on nine sprinters using both the proposed method and force plate measurements and (b) on six other sprinters using the proposed method during several consecutive trials to assess the inter‐trial reliability. The low bias (<5%) and narrow limits of agreement between both methods for maximal horizontal force (638 ± 84 N), velocity (10.5 ± 0.74 m/s), and power output (1680 ± 280 W); for the slope of the force–velocity relationships; and for the mechanical effectiveness of force application showed high concurrent validity of the proposed method. The low standard errors of measurements between trials (<5%) highlighted the high reliability of the method. These findings support the validity of the proposed simple method, convenient for field use, to determine power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running.
Hyperglycemic Effect on Brain Cholinergic Functions, Oxidative Stress and Protein Expression of Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (Bdnf) on Cognitive Functions in Streptozotocin Induced-Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most severe metabolic disorders in humans characterized by hyperglycemia due to a relative or an absolute lack of insulin or the action of insulin on its target tissue or both. Many neurodegenerative disorders, such as deficits in learning memory and cognition, are associated with diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of the present study was to decipher the effect of hyperglycemia on cholinergic functions, oxidative stress and protein expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in streptozotocin induced- diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used for the study. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (130-150g) each were divided into 2equal groups with six rats in each group (diabetic and control). The rats were sacrificed and biochemical parameters, such as blood glucose, C-peptide, total protein, acetyl choline levels, acetyl cholinesterase activity and antioxidant status were determined. The BDNF protein expression and learning, memory and cognitive functions in rats were also determined. Results: The results obtained showed that diabetic rats exhibited decreased acetylcholine level and also an alteration (down regulation) of the expressed BDNF of STZ-induced diabetic rats compared with the control. The diabetic rats also exhibited significantly decreased plasma C-peptide and total protein levels, as well as increased oxidative stress. Conclusions: Data of the study indicate that the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats had increased oxidative stress, decreased acetylcholine levels and down regulation of BDNF protein expression, thereby impairing memory, learning, and cognitive functions.
Screening for colorectal cancer: the role of the primary care physician

In recent years, the role of primary care physicians (PCPs) in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders, including screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), has been recognized as very important. The available data indicate that PCPs are not adequately following CRC screening guidelines because a number of factors have been identified as significant barriers to the proper application of CRC screening guidelines. These factors include lack of time, patient reluctance, and challenges related to scheduling colonoscopy. Further positive engagement of PCPs with CRC screening is required to overcome these barriers and reach acceptable levels in screening rates. To meet the expectations of modern medicine, PCPs should not only be able to recommend occult blood testing or colonoscopy but also, under certain conditions, able to perform colonoscopy. In this review, the authors aim to provide the current knowledge of the role of PCPs in increasing the rate and successfully implementing a screening program for CRC by applying the relevant international guidelines.
AMYLOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SPOILAGE IN BREAD

Amylolytic properties of the fungi associated with the spoilage of bread in Abraka was investigated. Bread samples were collected from various bakeries in the town and exposed for 14 days at different locations and observed daily for spoilage. The three organisms found to be associated with the spoilage of bread were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer . The amylolytic properties of the fungi isolated were tested using the effects of starch concentration, incubation time, assay temparative and pH. For starch concentration, the activity was 3.5mg/l at 5% and 0.0mg/l at 0% for rhizopus stolonifer. For incubation time, amylase activity was 1.6mg/l at 96h and later dropped to 0.7mg/l at 144h. for Rhyzopus stolonifer. For assay temperature, the amylase activity was 2.9mg/l at 30 0 C at 30% and later dropped to 0.5mg/l at 45 0 C while for the pH, the amylase activity was 3.9mg/l at pH 6 and 2.4mg/l at pH 5 and this varies with increase or decrease in pH. These trends were observed in all organisms used for this study.
Large scale correlations in galaxy clustering from the two degree field galaxy redshift survey

We study galaxy correlations from samples extracted from the 2dFGRS final release. Statistical properties are characterized by studying the nearest neighbor probability density, the conditional density and the reduced two-point correlation function. The result is that the conditional density has a power-law behavior in redshift space described by an exponent y = 0.8 ± 0.2 in the interval from about 1 Mpc/h, the average distance between nearest galaxies, up to about 40 Mpc/h, corresponding to radius of the largest sphere contained in the samples. These results are consistent with other studies of the conditional density and are useful to clarify the subtle role of finite-size effects on the determination of the two-point correlation function in redshift and real space.
Influence of Leader-Follower Coaching Relationships of Transformational Transactional Leaders on Perceived Work-Related Outcomes

Strong nursing leadership is needed to create and maintain a healthy and safe practice environment for both nurses and patients. Acute care hospitals are fundamentally complicated organizations where nurse leaders must answer to numerous stakeholders and meet performance goals across multiple levels of achievement such as quality, cost, and satisfaction. Furthermore, in a recent study of chief nursing officers it was found that 62% of nurse leaders plan to retire, leave the profession, or change jobs within the next five years (Jones, Havens, & Thompson, 2009). This scenario of change requires an in-depth look at options for optimizing the development of highly skilled nurse leaders. Transformational leadership is identified as an empowering leadership style that can be used within today’s hospital and nursing environment to improve organizational outcomes (McGuire & Kennerly, 2006). Coaching is believed to encompass several key characteristics of transformational transactional leadership and may be an effective means of developing and/or expanding the leader’s skills and of guiding leader development of followers (Humphreys & Einstein, 2003; Kowalski & Casper, 2007). Using a correlated, non-experimental design, this research study explored the relationships between transformational and transactional leadership, coaching, and the impact of the leader-follower coaching relationship on followers’ work performance, job satisfaction, work relationships, and job commitment. The sample consisted of 53 chief nurse leaders in hospital organizations and 301 of their direct nurse reports. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (5X – Short) developed by Bass and Avolio (1999), a researcher-developed Coaching Behavior Measure (Ellinger, Ellinger, & Keller, 2003), and four researcher-developed visual analogue surveys of work-related outcomes were used to measure the variables of interest. Leadership and Coaching Behaviors v Data analysis revealed the nurse leaders were dominantly transformational and used coaching behaviors frequently. The coaching relationship of the leader-follower positively impacted the followers’ work performance, job satisfaction, work relationships, and organizational commitment. Coaching was strongly related to all of the transformational factors and the transactional factor of contingency reward. Coaching was negatively related to transactional factors of management-by-exception (active) and (passive). Leadership and Coaching Behaviors vi
Premedical anatomy experience and student performance in medical gross anatomy

Gross anatomy is considered one of the most important basic science courses in medical education, yet few medical schools require its completion prior to matriculation. The effect of taking anatomy courses before entering medical school on performance in medical gross anatomy has been previously studied with inconsistent results. The effect of premedical anatomy coursework on performance in medical gross anatomy, overall medical school grade point average (GPA), and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination Level 1 (COMLEX 1) score was evaluated in 456 first‐year osteopathic medical students along with a survey on its perceived benefits on success in medical gross anatomy course. No significant differences were found in gross anatomy grade, GPA, or COMLEX 1 score between students with premedical anatomy coursework and those without. However, significant differences and higher scores were observed in students who had taken three or more undergraduate anatomy courses including at least one with cadaveric laboratory. There was significantly lower perceived benefit for academic success in the medical gross anatomy course (P<.001) from those students who had taken premedical anatomy courses (5.9 of 10) compared with those who had not (8.2 of 10). Results suggest that requiring any anatomy course as a prerequisite for medical school would not have significant effect on student performance in the medical gross anatomy course. However, requiring more specific anatomy coursework including taking three or more undergraduate anatomy courses, one with cadaveric laboratory component, may result in higher medical gross anatomy grades, medical school GPA, and COMLEX 1 scores. Clin. Anat. 30:303–311, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Antioxidant Activity of Regularly Consumed Fruit and Vegetables Reflects their Phenolic and Vitamin C Composition

Recent studies are emphasising the importance and putative modes of action of specific flavonoids as bioactive components of the diet in in vivo and in vitro models. Thus, it is important to have a clear idea of the major phenolic families of which fruit and vegetables are comprised and the levels contained therein. Regularly consumed fruit and vegetables of mixed varieties available on the UK market were analysed for the composition of the major individual phenolic components. The total phenolic content (applying the Folin assay) and the vitamin C levels were also determined. The antioxidant capacities of aqueous/methanolic extracts were comparatively assessed using the TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity), the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) and ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assays, which comprise contributions from polyphenols, simple phenols and the ascorbate component. The results were calculated in terms of 100 u g fresh weight (FW) uncooked portion sizes. Fruit and vegetables rich in anthocyanins (e.g. strawberry, raspberry and red plum) demonstrated the highest antioxidant activities, followed by those rich in flavanones (e.g. orange and grapefruit) and flavonols (e.g. onion, leek, spinach and green cabbage), while the hydroxycinnamate-rich fruit (e.g. apple, tomato, pear and peach) consistently elicited the lower antioxidant activities. The TEAC, FRAP and ORAC values for each extract were relatively similar and well-correlated with the total phenolic and vitamin C contents. The antioxidant activities (TEAC) in terms of 100 u g FW uncooked portion size were in the order: strawberry d raspberry=red plum d red cabbage>>>grapefruit= orange>spinach>broccoli>green grape ; onion> green cabbage>pea>apple> cauliflower ; pear> tomato ; peach=leek>banana ; lettuce.
Understanding Colour Impact on Warning Messages: Evidence from US and India

The objective of this work in progress is to understand how colour affects users' decision-making processes in the context of warning banner messages. So far, little research has examined this complex process wherein the psychology of colour can play an important role in the relationship between the warning message and the user's decision-making process. More precisely, we intend to understand how different colors (black, blue, yellow, red, green, white) influence users' attention in two different cultural settings (US and India). We conducted online experiments and evaluated user actual behaviours through survival techniques. Our work aims to offer important new insights on the role of colour in the human-warning interaction across different cultures.
Vitamin-Mineral Supplement Use Patterns in Elderly Koreans: Data from the 2007–2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background Vitamin-mineral supplements are the most popular dietary supplements in Korea. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between vitamin-mineral supplementation and associated factors among the Korean elderly. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of vitamin-mineral supplements among elderly in Korea as well as its association with sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, medical conditions, and nutrient intake. Methods This study was based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2008 to 2009. Data from 3,294 elderly men and women (65 years of age and older) were analyzed. Multivariable-weighted logistic regression model analysis was used to evaluate the association between vitamin-mineral supplement use and sociodemographic factors, health-related habits, and medical conditions. Results Vitamin-mineral supplementation was reported by 16.3% of the participants. The most common reason for using dietary supplements was recommendations from friends and acquaintances. Highly educated person, female participants had a greater likelihood of taking vitamin-mineral supplements. In addition, analysis of nutrient intake from food sources alone revealed a lower proportion of vitamin-mineral supplement users with nutrient intakes below the estimated average requirements for vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, and phosphorus, compared to nonusers. However, vitamin-mineral supplementation was not associated with health-related behaviors or medical conditions. Conclusion Highly educated person, elderly Korean women had a greater likelihood of using vitamin-mineral supplements. In addition, nutrient intakes from food sources alone were significantly higher among vitamin-mineral supplement users. Finally, vitamin-mineral supplementation may be an indicator of healthier diet in elderly Koreans.
Mining usage expertise from version archives

In software development, there is an increasing need to find and connect developers with relevant expertise. Existing expertise recommendation systems are mostly based on variations of the Line 10 Rule: developers who changed a file most often have the most implementation expertise. In this paper, we introduce the concept of usage expertise, which manifests itself whenever developers are using functionality, e.g., by calling API methods. We present preliminary results for the ECLIPSE project that demonstrate that our technique allows to recommend experts for files with no or little history, identify developers with similar expertise, and measure the usage of API methods.
‘Entrepreneurs out of necessity’: a snapshot

‘Entrepreneurs out of necessity’ as identified by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey are a sizeable group across countries. This article documents that they tend to have low education, run smaller firms, expect their firms to grow less, but are likely to stay in the market. This evidence matters for policy supporting small businesses. It is a challenge for existing theories of heterogeneous firms and points to the importance of heterogeneous outside options.
Dynamics of photoexcited quasiparticles in heavy electron compounds

Femtosecond real-time spectroscopy is an emerging new tool for studying low energy electronic structure in correlated electron systems. Motivated by recent advances in understanding the nature of relaxation phenomena in various correlated electron systems (superconductors, density wave systems) the technique has been applied to heavy electron compounds in comparison with their non-magnetic counterparts. While the dynamics in their non-magnetic analogues are similar to the dynamics observed in noble metals (only weak temperature dependences are observed) and can be treated with a simple two-temperature model, the photoexcited carrier dynamics in heavy electron systems show dramatic changes as a function of temperature and excitation level. In particular, below some characteristic temperature the relaxation rate starts to decrease, dropping by more than two orders of magnitude upon cooling down to liquid He temperatures. This behaviour has been consistently observed in various heavy fermion metals as well as Kondo insulators, and is believed to be quite general. In order to account for the experimental observations, two theoretical models have been proposed. The first treats the heavy electron systems as simple metals with very flat electron dispersion near the Fermi level. An electron–phonon thermalization scenario can account for the observed slowing down of the relaxation provided that there exists a mechanism for suppression of electron–phonon scattering when both the initial and final electronic states lie in the region of flat dispersion. An alternative scenario argues that the relaxation dynamics in heavy electron systems are governed by the Rothwarf–Taylor bottleneck, where the dynamics are governed by the presence of a narrow gap in the density of states near the Fermi level. The so-called hybridization gap results from hybridization between localized moments and the conduction electron background. Remarkable agreement with the model suggests that carrier relaxation in a broad class of heavy electron systems (both metals and insulators) is governed by the presence of a (weakly temperature dependent) indirect hybridization gap. Here we review the experimental results on a variety of heavy electron compounds, point out the common features as well as the peculiarities observed in some compounds, and compare the data with existing theoretical models.
The influence of implicit and explicit biofeedback in first-person shooter games

To understand how implicit and explicit biofeedback work in games, we developed a first-person shooter (FPS) game to experiment with different biofeedback techniques. While this area has seen plenty of discussion, there is little rigorous experimentation addressing how biofeedback can enhance human-computer interaction. In our two-part study, (N=36) subjects first played eight different game stages with two implicit biofeedback conditions, with two simulation-based comparison and repetition rounds, then repeated the two biofeedback stages when given explicit information on the biofeedback. The biofeedback conditions were respiration and skin-conductance (EDA) adaptations. Adaptation targets were four balanced player avatar attributes. We collected data with psycho¬physiological measures (electromyography, respiration, and EDA), a game experience questionnaire, and game-play measures. According to our experiment, implicit biofeedback does not produce significant effects in player experience in an FPS game. In the explicit biofeedback conditions, players were more immersed and positively affected, and they were able to manipulate the game play with the biosignal interface. We recommend exploring the possibilities of using explicit biofeedback interaction in commercial games.
Does IVUS guidance of coronary interventions affect outcome? a prime example of the failure of randomized clinical trials

There has been a decline in the role of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guiding stenting. IVUS has lost favor with interventional cardiologists largely due to the emergence of drug eluting stents (DES). The advent of DES has lowered the need to maximize the final result due to the known low late‐loss. This phenomenon has contributed to reduced interest in optimizing results with IVUS guidance. However, current concerns regarding stent thrombosis in relation to DES and its associated significant morbidity and mortality has once more focused attention on optimal stent deployment. Prior to DES, the evidence base was rather ambiguous, as some randomized and observational studies supported IVUS guided bare metal stent insertion in terms of reducing rates of restenosis and clinically driven target lesion revascularisation whereas others demonstrated no such benefit. As there is an additional cost and learning curve with IVUS, it has become difficult to justify its routine use. We present here a oontemporary argument for the resurgence of IVUS optimized stent insertion. We also highlight deficiencies in previously adopted IVUS optimization criteria, which were based on distal and proximal lumen sizes. The new criteria proposed are based on vessel size at different segments of the stented area and therefore take advantage of vessel remodeling. The availability of high pressure, non‐compliant balloons have made attainment of these new optimization targets possible without increasing the risk of complications. We hope to demonstrate this statement with the completion of the angiographically versus IVUS optimization (AVIO) study that soon will be initiated. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.