Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speaker-Adapted Confidence Measures for ASR Using Deep Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks

In the last years, deep bidirectional recurrent neural networks (DBRNN) and DBRNN with long short-term memory cells (DBLSTM) have outperformed the most accurate classifiers for confidence estimation in automatic speech recognition. At the same time, we have recently shown that speaker adaptation of confidence measures using DBLSTM yields significant improvements over non-adapted confidence measures. In accordance with these two recent contributions to the state of the art in confidence estimation, this paper presents a comprehensive study of speaker-adapted confidence measures using DBRNN and DBLSTM models. First, we present new empirical evidences of the superiority of recurrent neural networks (RNN)-based confidence classifiers evaluated over a large speech corpus consisting of the English LibriSpeech and the Spanish poliMedia tasks. Second, we show new results on speaker-adapted confidence measures considering a multitask framework in which RNN-based confidence classifiers trained with LibriSpeech are adapted to speakers of the TED-LIUM corpus. These experiments confirm that speaker-adapted confidence measures outperform their non-adapted counterparts. Last, we describe an unsupervised adaptation method of the acoustic DBLSTM model based on confidence measures that results in better automatic speech recognition performance.
Why do older people get less palliative care than younger people

The WHO claims that older people suffer because of a lack of access to palliative care and has called for a palliative care approach to be adopted in their care.1 Across all conditions, people over the age of 85 are less likely to access palliative care than people below the age of 85.2 Evidence suggests that people over 85 have no less palliative care needs, and receive little hospice care despite this being a high preference.3 Older people can be considered to have less palliative care needs by virtue of death being more expected.4,5 They may be unwilling to accept care that they perceive might threaten their independence.6,7 Evidence suggests that there are a number of unmet needs in this patient group; for example, Higginson and Gao suggest that older people with cancer may receive less adequate pain relief.8 While the quality of care may be equitable in the last months of life, in the final days, older people may receive less emotional and spiritual support and be subjected to more unwanted treatment decisions.9 Hunt et al also found that those over 85 years of age were less likely to have their preferences for place of death recorded, or to actually die there.9 We thus set out to explore access to palliative care, pain and symptom control, quality and experience of care, and actual and preferred place of death in older people compared with younger people.
Salinity induced changes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is susceptible to abiotic stresses. High salinity is a common abiotic stress condition that adversely affects plant growth. Altered ion and water homeostasis changes due to NaCI stress, lead to molecular damage, growth arrest and even death. As a consequence of salt stress effects, secondary stresses such as oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species may occur. Reactive oxygen species can alter cellular metabolism through oxidative damage of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids causing lipid peroxidation, protein denaturing and DNA mutation. In recent years, several selective and sensitive assays have been developed to evaluate the effects of environmental stress on vegetal organisms. RAPD is one of them and developed for DNA analysis. In this study, cotton seedlings were used as bioindicator of salinity stress in the range of 50-400 mM. Effects of salinity stress were determined by comparing RAPD profiles of normal and treated cotton seedlings include variations in band intensities as well as gains or losses of band numbers. The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis could be used as an investigation tool and useful biomarker assay for observing environmental stresses such as high salinity on vegetal organisms.
Postnatal Care Service Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women in Dembecha District, Northwest Ethiopia

Women play a principal role in the raring of children and management ranges of family affairs. Meanwhile, it is a tragedy to witness mothers losing their life from manageable maternity related causes. Postnatal care service is one of the strategies to avoid this loss. The main aim of this study was to assess the level of utilization of Post Natal Care and associated factors Dembecha District, Northwest Ethiopia. Community-based cross-sectional study design was used. Using women having children of less than two years of age living in Dembecha district were selected. Multistage sampling technique was employed involving a total of 788 samples and semi-structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Epidata version 3.1. Software was used for data entry and clearance and then SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was fitted and possible association and statistical significance were measured using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05. The study revealed that the level of Post Natal Care service utilizations was 34.8%. The Predicted probabilities, using logistic regression, showed that women who had formally education {AOR=2.122(1.372, 3.281)}, antenatal care service utilization for the last child {AOR=4.141(2.451, 6.995)}, Distance from the health institutions, had shown significant association {AOR=3.972(2.627, 6.008)}. About 73.9% of respondents answered their reason for not to use PNC service was lack of awareness followed by transportation problem (15.9%). Women did not know whether they were required to go to health institution or not after they had given birth at home unless complications happen to the newborns and themselves. PNC service utilization was less than what was planned by the district. Therefore intervention targeted to women’s awareness and empowerment, improving infrastructure in rural areas, expanding health care facilities to the currently unreached rural areas are recommendations’ of the study.
Trends in pubertal development in Europe

The secular changes in growth and maturation can be seen as indicators of socio‐economic and health status. In most European countries the age of onset of puberty and of menarcheal age has been decreasing during the past few decades. The duration of puberty seems also to decrease, though few studies provide sufficient data to support this postulation. The four Dutch nationwide growth surveys are useful examples assessing the secular trend in pubertal development over the past 45 years. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the secular changes. Environmental factors seem to be the most important. Recently, attention has been given to substances with oestrogen‐like actions that are present in nutrients. The possible role of these substances in growth and maturation is discussed.
Ultra-metal-poor Stars: Spectroscopic Determination of Stellar Atmospheric Parameters Using Iron Non-LTE Line Abundances

We present new ultra-metal-poor stars parameters with [Fe/H] < −4.0 based on line-by-line non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances using an up-to-date iron model atom with a new recipe for non-elastic hydrogen collision rates. We study the departures from LTE in their atmospheric parameters and show that they can grow up to ∼1.00 dex in [Fe/H], ∼150 K in and ∼0.5 dex in log g toward the lowest metallicities. Accurate NLTE atmospheric stellar parameters, in particular [Fe/H] being significantly higher, are the first step to eventually providing full NLTE abundance patterns that can be compared with Population III supernova nucleosynthesis yields to derive properties of the first stars. Overall, this maximizes the potential of these likely second-generation stars to investigate the early universe and how the chemical elements were formed.
Time for Some Changes to ICIS? Reflections on our Highest-quality Conference

© 2017 by the Association for Information Systems. In this commentary, we reflect on the program chair experience of ICIS 2015 to pass on some useful organizational memory for the IS community at large. We also reflect on volunteer effort required for a high-quality conference and the challenges of maintaining quality over a diverse and dispersed reviewing effort. We ask whether we can count on this volunteer effort in a changing higher education context where universities value volunteer effort or service less than promotion and tenure. We make several wide-ranging recommendations to preserve organizational memory and ensure the ongoing excellence of ICIS. Finally, we elaborate on some hard questions about whether the current conference model is fit for purpose and consider alternative models for our high-quality conference.
Dietary effects on dental diseases

Abstract Dental caries is a highly prevalent chronic disease and its consequences cause a lot of pain and suffering. Sugars, particularly sucrose, are the most important dietary aetiological cause of caries. Both the frequency of consumption and total amount of sugars is important in the aetiology of caries. ‘The evidence establishing sugars as an aetiological factor in dental caries is overwhelming. The foundation of this lies in thenmultiplicity of studies rather than the power of any one. ’1. That statement by the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force on Oral Health, Diet and Other Factors, sums up the relationship between sugars and caries in Europe. There is no evidence that sugars naturally incorporated in the cellular structure of foods (intrinsic sugars) or lactose in milk or milk products (milk sugars) have adverse effects on health. Foods rich in starch, without the addition of sugars, play a small role in coronal dental caries. The intake of extrinsic sugars beyond four times a day leads to an increase risk of dental caries. The current dose-response relationship between caries and extrinsic sugars suggests that the sugars levels above 60 g/person/day for teenagers and adults increases the rate of caries. For pre-school and young children the intakes should be proportional to those for teenagers; about 30 g/person/day for pre-school children. Fluoride, particularly in toothpastes, is a very important preventive agent against dental caries. Toothbrushing without fluorides has little effect on caries. As additional fluoride to that currently available in toothpaste does not appear to be benefiting the teeth of the majority of people, the main strategy to further reduce the levels of caries, is reducing the frequency of sugars intakes in the diet. Dental erosion rates are considered to be increasing. The aetiology is acids in foodsand drinks and to a much lesser extent from regurgitation.
Tangible interaction and tabletops: new horizons for children's games

This paper presents the design process of a set of games involving tangible interaction using toys handled on an active surface tabletop. The games are oriented to young children, so special care has been taken to involve them in a child-centred design life cycle. The iterative nature of this design paradigm was supported by frequent test sessions, where data relating to usability and fun was captured and analysed in order to guide successive design iterations until a finished product was achieved. Details are given of how data collected from test sessions with children helped to create, evolve and improve the games and toys. The final aim of our work is to bring recent proposals in natural interaction closer to young children, adapting them to children’s development and preferences.
Actually and other markers of an apparent discrepancy between propositional attitudes of conversational partners

L'objectif de cette etude est d'explorer le role de marqueurs de discours anglais - tels que 'well', 'in fact' et surtout 'actually' - dans l'expression de l'attitude propositionnelle et, particulierement, dans l'expression de l'apparent ecart entre l'attitude propositionnelle des participants a la conversation. Les As. introduisent trois types d'attitude : l'engagement du locuteur, l'evaluation de la faussete de l'information et l'evaluation affective de l'information propositionnelle. Ils montrent que ces marqueurs interviennent dans une strategie de negociation et que celle-ci concerne l'information implicite
A survey of prelicensure pain curricula in health science faculties in Canadian universities.

OBJECTIVE The present exploratory, descriptive study aimed to determine the designated time for mandatory pain content in curricula of major Canadian universities for students in health science and veterinary programs before being licensed. METHOD Major Canadian university sites (n=10) were chosen where health science faculties included at least medicine (n=10) and nursing (n=10); many also included dentistry (n=8), pharmacy (n=7), physical therapy (n=8) and/or occupational therapy (n=6). These disciplines provide the largest number of students entering the workforce but are not the only ones contributing to the health professional team. Veterinary programs (n=4) were also surveyed as a comparison. The Pain Education Survey, developed from previous research and piloted, was used to determine total mandatory pain hours. RESULTS The majority of health science programs (67.5%) were unable to specify designated hours for pain. Only 32.5% respondents could identify specific hours allotted for pain course content and/or additional clinical conferences. The average total time per discipline across all years varied from 13 h to 41 h (range 0 h to 109 h). All veterinary respondents identified mandatory designated pain content time (mean 87 h, range 27 h to 200 h). The proportion allotted to the eight content categories varied, but time was least for pain misbeliefs, assessment and monitoring/follow-up planning. CONCLUSIONS Only one-third of the present sample could identify time designated for teaching mandatory pain content. Two-thirds reported 'integrated' content that was not quantifiable or able to be determined, which may suggest it is not a priority at that site. Many expressed a need for pain-related curriculum resources.
Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Localization in Xenograft and Allograft Tumor Models Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide

T cell-deficient mice such as nude mice are often used to generate tumor xenograft for the development of anticancer agents. However, the functionality of the other immune cells including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the xenograft are largely unknown. Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) acquire functionally distinct properties in response to various environmental stimuli; the interaction of these cells with MDSCs in tumor microenvironments regulates cancer progression. Nude mice are less likely to reject human cancer cells because of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatches. The tumor microenvironment in a xenograft, comprising human and mouse cells, exhibits more complex bidirectional signaling and function than that of allograft. Here, we evaluated the differences of myeloid cells between them. Plasma interferon-γ and interleukin-18 concentrations in the xenograft tumor model after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration were significantly higher than those in the allograft tumor model. MHC class I, II, and CD80 expression levels were increased in CD11b+ and MDSC populations after LPS administration in the spleen of a xenograft tumor model but not in that of an allograft tumor model. Additionally, the number of CD80- and mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1)-expressing cells was decreased upon LPS administration in the tumor of the xenograft tumor. These results suggest that functions of macrophages and DCs are sustained in the xenograft, whereas their functions in response to LPS were suppressed in the allograft. The findings will encourage the consideration of the effects of myeloid cells in the xenograft for drug development.
The history of a habit: jogging as a palliative to sedentariness in 1960s America

This article provides an account of the emergence of jogging as mass physical fitness practice in America in the 1960s. It explores how jogging was configured as a physical fitness activity suitable for sedentary middle-aged men and women. Jogging developed as a counter to the ill-effects of habits entrained by the increasingly sedentary lifestyles of modern industrialized urban and suburban dwellers. The paper traces the development of jogging as a defined exercise routine at the University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon. Focusing on the moment when jogging is ‘invented’ as a recognizable fitness practice tells a great deal about the origin of contemporary regimes of physical fitness for the middle-aged population and how they have evolved. It also points to the significance of understanding how the shaping of corporeal habits play into the making of (1) individual bodies, (2) common practices of corporeal care and activity, and (3) environments of physical activity.
ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN DESAIN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR MEREK HONDA JENIS SKUTERMATIC

ANALYSIS OF PRICE EFFECT, PRODUCTS AND DE-SIGN QUALITIES TO BUYING DECISIONS of HONDA SKUTERMATIC MOTORCYCLES. This research is a field of research and using a quantitative approach. While the sample in this study is that consumers / users of motorcycle of Honda skutermatic by distributing questionnaires as much as 75 respondents. Sampling used techniques sampling insidenta. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression method and using t - test with a significance level a = 5%. Results from this study show that first: the price has an influence on the purchase decisions of Honda types of skutermatic vehicles on public from the kudus District, it is proved by t- test to show the price t is greater than t table (4,140> 1,992) with 75 df and probability value of 0.000 is below the 5% level of significance. Secondly, the quality has a negative influence on purchasing decisions and it is evidenced by the results of the t value of 1.157 and t table amounted to 1.992, so the t-count is smaller than t-table (1.157 1.992), while the value of the P value of 0.003 which is above 5% Alpha. K eywords: Price, Quality, Design, Purchase Decision. P enelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian field reserch dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen/pemakai kendaraan bermotor merek Honda jenis skutermatic dengan menyebarkan kuesioner sebanyak 75 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik sampling insidenta. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode regresi linier berganda dan menggunakan uji – t dengan taraf signifikansi a = 5%. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertama: harga mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian kendaraan bermotor merek Honda jenis skutermatic pada masyarakat Kabupaten Kudus dibuktikan dari hasil uji- t untuk harga menunjukan t hitung lebih besar dari nilai t tabel (4,140 > 1,992) dengan df 75 dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0.000 yaitu berada dibawah 5% dari tingkat signifikan. Kedua, kualitas mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap keputusan pembelian dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai t hitung sebesar 1,157 dan t tabel sebesar 1,992, sehingga t-hitung lebih kecil dari t-tabel (1,157 1,992), sedangkan nilai P value 0,003 yang berada diatas Alpha 5%. K ata Kunci : Harga, Kualitas, Desain, Keputusan Pembelian
A Sequential Approach to Market State Modeling and Analysis in Online P2P Lending

Online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is an emerging wealth-management service for individuals, which allows lenders to directly bid and invest on the listings created by borrowers without going through any traditional financial intermediaries. As a nonbank financial platform, online P2P lending tends to have both high volatility and liquidity. Therefore, it is of significant importance to discern the hidden market states of the listings (e.g., hot and cold), which open venues for enhancing business analytics and investment decision making. However, the problem of market state modeling remains pretty open due to many technical and domain challenges, such as the dynamic and sequential characteristics of listings. To that end, in this paper, we present a focused study on market state modeling and analysis for online P2P lending. Specifically, we first propose two enhanced sequential models by extending the Bayesian hidden Markov model (BHMM), namely listing-BHMM (L-BHMM) and listing and marketing-BHMM (LM-BHMM), for learning the latent semantics between listings’ market states and lenders’ bidding behaviors. Particularly, L-BHMM is a straightforward model that only considers the local observations of a listing itself, while LM-BHMM considers not only the listing information but also the global information of current market (e.g., the competitive and complementary relations among listings). Furthermore, we demonstrate several motivating applications enabled by our models, such as bidding prediction and herding detection. Finally, we construct extensive experiments on two real-world data sets and make some deep analysis on bidding behaviors, which clearly validate the effectiveness of our models in terms of different applications and also reveal some interesting business findings.
Genotype, B‐vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight‐induced ophthalmic changes

Ophthalmic changes have occurred in a subset of astronauts on International Space Station missions. Visual deterioration is considered the greatest human health risk of spaceflight. Affected astronauts exhibit higher concentrations of 1‐carbon metabolites (e.g., homocysteine) before flight. We hypothesized that genetic variations in 1‐carbon metabolism genes contribute to susceptibility to ophthalmic changes in astronauts. We investigated 5 polymorphisms in the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methylenetetrahydro folate reductase (MTHFR), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) genes and their association with ophthalmic changes after flight in 49 astronauts. The number of G alleles of MTRR 66 and C alleles of SHMT1 1420 both contributed to the odds of visual disturbances. Preflight dehydroepiandrosterone was positively associated with cotton wool spots, and serum testosterone response during flight was associated with refractive change. Block regression showed that B‐vitamin status and genetics were significant predictors of many of the ophthalmic outcomes that we observed. In one example, genetics trended toward improving (P = 0.10) and B‐vitamin status significantly improved (P < 0.001) the predictive model for refractive change after flight. We document an association between MTRR 66 and SHMT1 1420 polymorphisms and spaceflight‐induced vision changes. This line of research could lead to therapeutic options for both space travelers and terrestrial patients. —Zwart, S. R. , Gregory, J. F. , Zeisel, S. H. , Gibson, C. R. , Mader, T. H. , Kinchen, J. M. , Ueland, P. M. , Ploutz‐Snyder, R. , Heer, M. A. , Smith, S. M. Genotype, B‐vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight‐induced ophthalmic changes. FASEB J. 30, 141‐148 (2016). www.fasebj. org