Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India

Anti-poverty programs in developing countries are often dicult to implement; in particular, many governments lack the capacity to deliver payments securely to targeted beneciaries. We evaluate the impact of biometrically-authenticated payments infrastructure (\Smartcards") on beneciaries of employment (NREGS) and pension (SSP) programs in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, using a large-scale experiment that randomized the rollout of Smartcards over 158 subdistricts and 19 million people. We nd that, while incompletely implemented, the new system delivered a faster, more predictable, and less corrupt NREGS payments process without adversely aecting program access. For each of these outcomes, treatment group distributions rst-order stochastically dominated those of the control group. The investment was cost-eective, as time savings to NREGS beneciaries alone were equal to the cost of the intervention, and there was also a signicant reduction in the \leakage" of funds between the government and beneciaries in both NREGS and SSP programs. Beneciaries overwhelmingly preferred the new system for both programs. Overall, our results suggest that investing in secure payments infrastructure can signicantly enhance \state capacity" to implement welfare programs in developing countries.
Factors Influencing Food Buying Practices in Residents of a Low-Income Food Desert and a Low-Income Food Oasis

Studies suggest that proximity to a supermarket influences access to healthy foods. However, little is known about factors that influence food buying practices within areas with limited supermarket access. This study identified these factors and explored how they are related and influence healthy eating. Twenty-five men and women engaged in the concept mapping process, a mixed methods approach allowing participants to identify, sort, and rate ideas. Participants generated 121 unique (nonduplicate) statements of factors that influence food buying practices and sorted them into 12 clusters that represented their perceptions. Average cluster ratings for residents with poor supermarket access were higher than residents with supermarket access. Awareness of these factors is important for increasing access to and consumption of healthy foods.
The Museum in America: Innovators and Pioneers

chapter 1 Foreword chapter 2 Introduction: Toward a Definition of the American Museum chapter 3 Henry Fairfield Osborn Develops a Model Natural History Museum chapter 4 Carl Ethan Akeley Perfects the Habitat Group Exhibition chapter 5 Henry Watson Kent Standardizes Functions of the Art Museum chapter 6 Alfred Hamilton Barr Jr. Brings Modern Art to the Museum chapter 7 Reuben Gold Thwaites Makes a Historical Society Reach the People of a State chapter 8 William Sumner Appelton Preserves Important Sites Throughout New England chapter 9 Frank Friedman Oppenheimer Uses Visitors as Part of Museum Experiments chapter 10 Anna Billings Gallup Popularizes the First Children's Museum chapter 11 John Robert Kinard Expands the Neighborhood Museum chapter 12 Katherine Coffey Attracts the Community into a General Museum chapter 13 Charles Sprague Sargent Plants an Outstanding Botanical Garden chapter 14 William Temple Hornaday Founds a Varied and Popular Zoo chapter 15 Paul Joseph Sachs Teaches a Pioneering Course in Museum Studies chapter 16 Epilogue: The American Museum Progresses chapter 17 Index
A Conceptual Framework for Data Quality in Knowledge Discovery Tasks (FDQ-KDT): A Proposal

Large Volume of Data is growing because the organizations are continuously capturing the collective amount of data for better decision-making process. The most fundamental challenge is to explore the large volumes of data and extract useful knowledge for future actions through data mining and data science methodologies. Nevertheless these not tackle the issues in data quality clearly, leaving out relevant activities. We proposed a conceptual framework for data quality in knowledge discovery tasks based on CRISP-DM, SEMMA and Data Science, considering the issues of ESE Taxonomy.
Spectacular Design in Museum Exhibitions

Intrigued by the crowd-pleasing effects of “the spectacle,” some museums and exhibition designers have begun to enlist the principles used by theaters, theme parks, and public attractions in order to turn museum venues into awe-inspiring experiences — thereby elevating this inclination into a principle we call Spectacular Design. This article summarizes the results of a year-long study that compared and contrasted two categories of spectacle: museum and non-museum. The concept of spectacle is here examined, and a formula is identified, so we can see the commonalities present in Spectacular Design both in public attractions and in museum exhibitions. The hope is to redefine the model for the museum field.
Constraining the Kehagias-Sfetsos solution of the Hořava-Lifshitz modified gravity with extrasolar planets

We consider the Kehagias-Sfetsos (KS) solution in the HořavaLifshitz gravity that is the analog of the general relativistic Schwarzschild black hole. In the weak-field and slow-motion approximation, we, first, work out the correction to the third Kepler law of a test particle induced by such a solution. Then, we compare it to the phenomenologically determined orbital periods of the transiting extrasolar planet HD209458b “Osiris” to preliminarily obtain an orderof-magnitude lower bound on the KS dimensionless parameter ω0 ≥ 1.4× 10. As suggestions for further analyses, the entire data set of HD209458b should be re-processed by explicitly modeling KS gravity as well, and one or more dedicated solve-for parameter(s) should be estimated.
Landscape of Targeted Anti-Cancer Drug Synergies in Melanoma Identifies a Novel BRAF-VEGFR/PDGFR Combination Treatment

A newer generation of anti-cancer drugs targeting underlying somatic genetic driver events have resulted in high single-agent or single-pathway response rates in selected patients, but few patients achieve complete responses and a sizeable fraction of patients relapse within a year. Thus, there is a pressing need for identification of combinations of targeted agents which induce more complete responses and prevent disease progression. We describe the results of a combination screen of an unprecedented scale in mammalian cells performed using a collection of targeted, clinically tractable agents across a large panel of melanoma cell lines. We find that even the most synergistic drug pairs are effective only in a discrete number of cell lines, underlying a strong context dependency for synergy, with strong, widespread synergies often corresponding to non-specific or off-target drug effects such as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) transporter inhibition. We identified drugs sensitizing cell lines that are BRAFV600E mutant but intrinsically resistant to BRAF inhibitor PLX4720, including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/kinase insert domain receptor (VEGFR/KDR) and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family inhibitor cediranib. The combination of cediranib and PLX4720 induced apoptosis in vitro and tumor regression in animal models. This synergistic interaction is likely due to engagement of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), demonstrating the potential of drug- rather than gene-specific combination discovery approaches. Patients with elevated biopsy KDR expression showed decreased progression free survival in trials of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase pathway inhibitors. Thus, high-throughput unbiased screening of targeted drug combinations, with appropriate library selection and mechanistic follow-up, can yield clinically-actionable drug combinations.
HER2/neu in Endometrial Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Target With Diagnostic Challenges.

CONTEXT In the era of targeted cancer therapy, there is growing interest in developing novel therapeutic strategies against endometrial carcinoma, especially its most biologically aggressive variant, serous adenocarcinoma. Several publications have demonstrated that a significant proportion of uterine serous carcinomas show HER2 overexpression and/or amplification, suggesting that HER2 may be a promising therapeutic target. Case reports have already shown clinical response to trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 antibody against HER2, and patients are currently being enrolled in a multi-institutional prospective randomized trial to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab. OBJECTIVE To review current data on HER2 testing and targeted therapy against HER2/neu in endometrial carcinoma. DATA SOURCES Review of the literature and personal experience of the authors. CONCLUSIONS Parallel to the clinical studies, there is a need to develop standardized criteria for HER2 testing in endometrial carcinoma that reflect the unique biological and pathogenetic features of these tumors and correlate with clinical response to therapy. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current state of HER2-based therapy and HER2 testing in endometrial carcinoma.
Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria Attached to Particles in Turbid Waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake Estuaries

ABSTRACT Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophs that, if abundant, may be biogeochemically important in the oceans. We used epifluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to examine the abundance of these bacteria by enumerating cells with bacteriochlorophyll a (bChl a) and the light-reaction center gene pufM, respectively. In the surface waters of the Delaware estuary, AAP bacteria were abundant, comprising up to 34% of prokaryotes, although the percentage varied greatly with location and season. On average, AAP bacteria made up 12% of the community as measured by microscopy and 17% by qPCR. In the surface waters of the Chesapeake, AAP bacteria were less abundant, averaging 6% of prokaryotes. AAP bacterial abundance was significantly correlated with light attenuation (r = 0.50) and ammonium (r = 0.42) and nitrate (r = 0.71) concentrations. Often, bChl a-containing bacteria were mostly attached to particles (31 to 94% of total AAP bacteria), while usually 20% or less of total prokaryotes were associated with particles. Of the cells containing pufM, up to 87% were associated with particles, but the overall average of particle-attached cells was 15%. These data suggest that AAP bacteria are particularly competitive in these two estuaries, in part due to attachment to particles.
Do the level of energy reserves, hydration status and Borrelia infection influence walking by Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks?

SUMMARY Ixodes ricinus horizontal movement within a humidity gradient and the influence of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) on tick walking were investigated. Nymphs were placed within an arena containing a humidity gradient ranging from 45 to 95% relative humidity (RH). After 1 h of acclimation at 70% RH ticks were released so that they could either stay, or walk towards either the wet or the dry end. Their position was recorded 2 h post-release. Fat content was quantified and Borrelia infection was detected using real-time PCR and PCR followed by Reverse Line Blotting. Among the 1500 ticks tested, 29·85% were infected. More low-fat nymphs walked inside the arena than high-fat individuals. When nymphs walked, more low-fat ticks walked towards wetter than drier air, whereas more high-fat individuals walked towards drier than wetter air. Among high-fat nymphs, a lower proportion of Borrelia-infected ticks walked inside the arena compared to uninfected individuals, as though spirochetes manipulated their arthropod vector to stay. However, Borrelia infection had no effect on walking direction towards the dry or the wet end. Hence, it appears that I. ricinus nymphs walk horizontally over short distances within a humidity gradient depending on both energy resources and Borrelia infection.
Broad Clinical Activity of Zoledronic Acid in Osteolytic to Osteoblastic Bone Lesions in Patients With a Broad Range of Solid Tumors

Bone metastases are a common feature of a variety of solid tumors and are associated with substantial skeletal morbidity, including severe bone pain and pathologic fractures. Treatment with bisphosphonates, primarily pamidronate, is the current standard of care for patients with breast cancer and multiple myeloma who have predominantly osteolytic lesions. However, until recently no bisphosphonate had demonstrated efficacy in patients with osteoblastic lesions, which are common during the progression of prostate cancer and other solid tumors. Zoledronic acid, a potent, new-generation, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, has demonstrated significant benefits for patients with bone metastases resulting from a broad range of primary tumors, including multiple myeloma and breast, lung, kidney, and prostate cancers, and other solid tumors. Benefits include a decreased incidence of pathologic fractures and longer time to the first skeletal complication. Zoledronic acid is the first and only bisphosphonate to be proved effective in patients with all types of bone lesions, from osteolytic to osteoblastic, and therefore represents an important therapeutic advancement in the treatment of bone metastases.
Diagnostic colours contribute to the early stages of scene categorization: Behavioural and neurophysiological evidence

We examined the effects of colour cues on the express categorization of natural scenes. Using a go/no-go paradigm sensitive to fast recognition processes, we measured early event-related potential (ERP) correlates of scene categorization to elucidate the processing stage at which colour contributes to scene recognition. Observers were presented with scenes belonging to four colour-diagnostic categories (desert, forest, canyon and coastline). Scenes were presented in one of three forms: Diagnostically coloured, nondiagnostically coloured, or greyscale images. In a verification task, observers were instructed to respond whenever the presented stimulus matched a previously presented category name. Reaction times and accuracy were optimal when the stimuli were presented as their original diagnostically coloured version, followed by their greyscale version, and lastly by their nondiagostically coloured version. These effects were mirrored in the early (i.e., 150 ms following stimulus onset) ERP frontal correlates. Their onset was delayed for greyscale scenes compared to diagnostically coloured scenes, and for nondiagnostically coloured scenes compared to the other two conditions. Frontal ERP amplitudes also decreased for greyscale and nondiagnostically coloured scenes. Together, the results suggest that diagnostic colours are part of the scene gist responsible for express scene categorization.
Are Shades of Gray Prognostically Useful in Reporting Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography?

Background—We have advocated the use of a 5-category “normal,” “probably normal,” “equivocal,” “probably abnormal,” and “definitely abnormal” approach to final interpretation of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The prognostic value of expressing levels of certainty compared with a dichotomous normal/abnormal classification or categories for summed stress scores is unclear. Methods and Results—Myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) was visually assessed using a standard semiquantitative approach, yielding summed scores that were used for preliminary interpretation using 5 levels of certainty. The interpreter was permitted to then shift the level of certainty in the final interpretation by 1 degree, based on nonperfusion MPS variables and available clinical information. To examine the prognostic value of expressing levels of clinical certainty, we evaluated 20 740 unique consecutive patients who underwent rest Tl-201/stress Tc-99m sestamibi MPS (34.3% vasodilator stress), of whom 845 (4.4%) were lost to follow-up and 1695 were excluded from prognostic analysis due to an early revascularization (<60 days after MPS). The remaining 18 200 patients (59.1% men; age, 65±13 years) were followed up for cardiac death for a mean of 2.7±1.7 years. During the follow-up, a total of 591 cardiac death events occurred. By univariable analysis, there were substantial differences in the distribution of follow-up cardiac death by the category of clinical MPS certainty. The clinical certainty was found to be an independent multivariable predictor of cardiac death in the study population and better identified patients at increased risk of cardiac death than the approaches based solely on the standard categories of summed perfusion scores or based solely on categories of segmental perfusion scores. Conclusions—The use of multicategory reporting of MPS results incorporating nonperfusion MPS results and clinical information enhances risk stratification compared with both a dichotomous normal/abnormal approach or approaches based solely on segmental categories of perfusion scores. Whether this enhanced risk stratification based on the clinical certainty of the MPS interpretation leads to a more effective therapeutic regimen, tailored to the individual patient’s need, requires further prospective evaluation.
State Leadership for School Improvement: An Analysis of Three States

Purpose: Extant reports on states'policy differences are mostly descriptive and largely ignore the pervasive role of political culture on their educational policy-making processes. This article examines the effect of policy culture on states' policy-making mechanisms. There is evidence that a state's political culture is a significant mediating influence on its educational policy making and leadership practices at the state, district, and local level. Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted an empirical, comparative case study of educational leadership and policy-making mechanisms in three states—Indiana, Nebraska, and Oregon. Those three states, chosen because of their similarities in size but differences in educational policy histories, were part of a larger leadership study of nine states. Within each state, researchers interviewed between 8 and 11 educational policymakers who represented a diverse array of positions and organizations. The interviews were 1 hr in length, conducted in a semistructured format, and revolved around their states' accountability and school leadership policies, key educational stakeholders, and levels of collaboration among those stakeholders. Findings: Each state in the study had very different means through which they pursued educational policies. Indiana had centralized decision-making structures that sought to promote leadership and accountability through policies that revolved around equity and efficiency. Oregon had a high level of participation and collaboration at all levels in the state's mostly decentralized but very open educational policy-making process that emphasized quality. Nebraska's policy culture, which was more independent and decentralized than Oregon's, was highly collaborative but had comparatively low levels of support for state-supported leadership and accountability initiatives. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that political culture is a mediating factor for states' responses to increasing demands for leadership and accountability initiatives; it is therefore necessary to account for the impact of each state's unique political culture when planning for and explaining results of these initiatives.
Is trust robust?: an analysis of trust-based recommendation

Systems that adapt to input from users are susceptible to attacks from those same users. Recommender systems are common targets for such attacks since there are financial, political and many other motivations for influencing the promotion or demotion of recommendable items [2]. Recent research has shown that incorporating trust and reputation models into the recommendation process can have a positive impact on the accuracy and robustness of recommendations. In this paper we examine the effect of using five different trust models in the recommendation process on the robustness of collaborative filtering in an attack situation. In our analysis we also consider the quality and accuracy of recommendations. Our results caution that including trust models in recommendation can either reduce or increase prediction shift for an attacked item depending on the model-building process used, while highlighting approaches that appear to be more robust.
Effects of intra-session concurrent endurance and strength training sequence on aerobic performance and capacity

Aim: To examine the effects of the sequencing order of individualised intermittent endurance training combined with muscular strengthening on aerobic performance and capacity. Methods: Forty eight male sport students (mean (SD) age 21.4 (1.3) years) were divided into five homogeneous groups according to their maximal aerobic speeds (vV˙o2max). Four groups participated in various training programmes for 12 weeks (two sessions a week) as follows: E (n = 10), running endurance training; S (n = 9), strength circuit training; E+S (n = 10) and S+E (n = 10) combined the two programmes in a different order during the same training session. Group C (n = 9) served as a control. All the subjects were evaluated before (T0) and after (T1) the training period using four tests: (1) a 4 km time trial running test; (2) an incremental track test to estimate vV˙o2max; (3) a time to exhaustion test (tlim) at 100% vV˙o2max; (4) a maximal cycling laboratory test to assess V˙o2max. Results: Training produced significant improvements in performance and aerobic capacity in the 4 km time trial with interaction effect (p<0.001). The improvements were significantly higher for the E+S group than for the E, S+E, and S groups: 8.6%, 5.7%, 4.7%, and 2.5% for the 4 km test (p<0.05); 10.4%, 8.3%, 8.2%, and 1.6% for vV˙o2max (p<0.01); 13.7%, 10.1%, 11.0%, and 6.4% for V˙o2max (ml/kg0.75/min) (p<0.05) respectively. Similar significant results were observed for tlim and the second ventilatory threshold (%V˙o2max). Conclusions: Circuit training immediately after individualised endurance training in the same session (E+S) produced greater improvement in the 4 km time trial and aerobic capacity than the opposite order or each of the training programmes performed separately.
Word-meaning acquisition in the one-word stage: a reply to Nelson's review

The following response to Nelson’s lengthy review of my book represents what I consider to be the key facets of my investigation of early lexical development. Focus will be on those aspects which Nelson failed to consider, in her preoccupation with whether or not my discussion supported her own views on the subject. As is stated below, my research goals were much broader than simply testing Nelson’s theoretical claims. Some of my results, however, can be interpreted as providing fresh empirical support for certain central themes in Nelson’s own current thinking (e.g., 1985, 1988). These comments suggest that Nelson’s treatment of my results should be evaluated cautiously, and that a number of her conclusions need to be revised.