Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Guided CAPD Catheter Insertion

1. Agus ZS. Hypomagnesemia. j Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10:1616–22. 2. Ejaz AA, McShane AP, Gandhi VC, Leehey DJ, Ing TS. Hypomagnesemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients dialyzed with a low-magnesium peritoneal dialysis solution. Perit Dial Int 1995; 15:61–4. 3. Fried L, Bernardini J, Piraino B. Charlson comorbidity index as a predictor of outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients. Am j Kidney Dis 2001; 37:337–42. 4. Cho MS, Lee KS, Lee YK, Ma SK, Ko JH, Kim SW, et al. Relationship between the serum parathyroid hormone and magnesium levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients using low-magnesium peritoneal dialysate. Korean j Intern Med 2002; 17:114–21. 5. Avram MM, Mittman N, Bonomini L, Chattopadhyay J, Fein P. Markers for survival in dialysis: a seven-year prospective study. Am j Kidney Dis 1995; 26:209–19. 6. Soucie JM, McClellan WM. Early death in dialysis patients: risk factors and impact on incidence and mortality rates. j Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7:2169–75. 7. Clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure. K/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation. Am j Kidney Dis 2000; 35(Suppl 2):S1–140. [Erratum in: Am j Kidney Dis 2001; 38:917] 8. Uribarri J. Phosphorus homeostasis in normal health and in chronic kidney disease patients with special emphasis on dietary phosphorus intake. Semin Dial 2007; 20:295–301. 9. Caddell JL, Goddard DR. Studies in protein–calorie malnutrition. I. Chemical evidence for magnesium deficiency. N Engl j Med 1967; 276:533–5. 10. Rosen EU, Campbell PG, Moosa GM. Hypomagnesemia and magnesium therapy in protein–calorie malnutrition. j Pediatr 1970; 77:709–14. 11. Shah GM, Winer RL, Cutler RE, Arieff AI, Goodman WG, LacherJW, et al. Effects of a magnesium-free dialysate on magnesium metabolism during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am j Kidney Dis 1987; 10:268–75. 12. Katopodis KP, Koliousi EL, Andrikos EK, Pappas MV, Elisaf MS, Siamopoulos KC. Magnesium homeostasis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: role of the dialysate magnesium concentration. Artif organs 2003; 27:853–7. 13. Takahashi S, Okada K, Yanai M. Magnesium and parathyroid hormone changes to magnesium-free dialysate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 1994; 14:75–8. 14. Hutchison AJ, Merchant M, Boulton HF, Hinchcliffe R, Gokal R. Calcium and magnesium mass transfer in peritoneal dialysis patients using 1.25 mmol/L calcium, 0.25 mmol/L magnesium dialysis fluid. Perit Dial Int 1993; 13:219–23. 15. Tzamaloukas AH. Avoiding the use of hypertonic dextrose dialysate in peritoneal dialysis. Semin Dial 2000; 13:156–9. doi:10.3747/pdi.2012. 00164
DNA helix: the importance of being AT-rich

Besides the triplet code, DNA sequence can contain information which is much poorer understood. At the most basic level (two-letter alphabet), the two types of DNA base pairs are not equal in their physical properties and the withingenome distribution. The AT-rich DNA shows low density of genes and tends to be associated with condensed chromatin, whereas the GC-rich sequence is gene-rich and preferably located in the dispersed chromatin (Saccone et al. 2002; Bernardi 2015). It is well known that GC pair has higher thermostability due to three hydrogen bonds between the bases versus two bonds in AT-pair. Therefore, the GC pair is signified in IUPAC nomenclature by letter ‘S’ (strong), whereas the AT pair, by ‘W’ (weak). Contrary to intuitive expectation, which follows from stronger bonding, the GC-rich DNA has higher bendability, which makes it more flexible (Vinogradov 2001, 2003a). The higher flexibility is associated with higher entropy, which makes the helix less prone to condensed state (Anselmi et al. 2000). The GC-rich DNA has lower nucleosome formation potential compared with AT-rich sequence (Vinogradov 2005). The GC-rich DNA has also higher ability to B–Z transition, which can be relevant to active transcription (Vinogradov 2003a). It is known that antibodies to Z-DNA preferentially bind to actively transcribed genes (Rich and Zhang 2003). When the gene is up-regulated, the amount of Z-DNA increases, when it is down-regulated, it decreases. A wave of Z-form, which has Abstract The AT-rich DNA is mostly associated with condensed chromatin, whereas the GC-rich sequence is preferably located in the dispersed chromatin. The AT-rich genes are prone to be tissue-specific (silenced in most tissues), while the GC-rich genes tend to be housekeeping (expressed in many tissues). This paper reports another important property of DNA base composition, which can affect repertoire of genes with high AT content. The GC-rich sequence is more liable to mutation. We found that Spearman correlation between human gene GC content and mutation probability is above 0.9. The change of base composition even in synonymous sites affects mutation probability of nonsynonymous sites and thus of encoded proteins. There is a unique type of housekeeping genes, which are especially unsafe when prone to mutation. Natural selection which usually removes deleterious mutations, in the case of these genes only increases the hazard because it can descend to suborganismal (cellular) level. These are cell cycle-related genes. In accordance with the proposed concept, they have low GC content of synonymous sites (despite them being housekeeping). The gene-centred protein interaction enrichment analysis (PIEA) showed the core clusters of genes whose interactants are modularly enriched in genes with AT-rich synonymous codons. This interconnected network is involved in doublestrand break repair, DNA integrity checkpoints and chromosome pairing at mitosis. The damage of these genes results
Self-rated health, physician-rated health and associated factors among elderly men: the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study.

OBJECTIVES To study self-rated and physician-rated health, to analyse concordance of the two methods and to examine factors explaining differences between self-rated and physician-rated health. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. SUBJECTS 470 men aged 70-89 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-administered questionnaire and clinical examination. RESULTS General health status estimated by doctors correlated weakly with self-rated health. The strongest determinants of self-rated health were depression (P < 0.0001), coronary heart disease (P = 0.0112) and dysuria (P = 0.0238). Activity of daily living (P < 0.0001), age (P = 0.0001), coronary heart disease (P = 0.0005) and chronic lung disease (P = 0.0064) were independently related to physician-rated health. CONCLUSION The discrepancy found in ratings of health between physicians and the subjects themselves can be explained by different appreciation of ageing in the assessment of health status. After adjustment for medical conditions, age did not relate to self-perceived health, whereas there was a significant association between age and doctors' ratings. Depression and symptoms which explained self-ratings were not related to physicians' assessments.
Singular diffusionless limits of double-diffusive instabilities in magnetohydrodynamics

We study local instabilities of a differentially rotating viscous flow of electrically conducting incompressible fluid subject to an external azimuthal magnetic field. In the presence of the magnetic field, the hydrodynamically stable flow can demonstrate non-axisymmetric azimuthal magnetorotational instability (AMRI) both in the diffusionless case and in the double-diffusive case with viscous and ohmic dissipation. Performing stability analysis of amplitude transport equations of short-wavelength approximation, we find that the threshold of the diffusionless AMRI via the Hamilton–Hopf bifurcation is a singular limit of the thresholds of the viscous and resistive AMRI corresponding to the dissipative Hopf bifurcation and manifests itself as the Whitney umbrella singular point. A smooth transition between the two types of instabilities is possible only if the magnetic Prandtl number is equal to unity, Pm=1. At a fixed Pm≠1, the threshold of the double-diffusive AMRI is displaced by finite distance in the parameter space with respect to the diffusionless case even in the zero dissipation limit. The complete neutral stability surface contains three Whitney umbrella singular points and two mutually orthogonal intervals of self-intersection. At these singularities, the double-diffusive system reduces to a marginally stable system which is either Hamiltonian or parity–time-symmetric.
Characterizing Developmental Growth and Individual Differences in Brain Systems Supporting Inhibitory Control: A Longitudinal fMRI Study

Inhibitory control, the ability to voluntarily suppress responses to task-irrelevant stimuli, enables goal-directed behaviors and continues to develop through adolescence. Neuroimaging studies indicate that developmental improvements in inhibitory performance are supported by the maturation of brain systems, but these studies have not used longitudinal designs and continuous metrics of age to characterize the process of growth or individual differences in trajectories. This study used longitudinal fMRI data from over 312 visits from 129 participants aged 8 to 28 years to characterize growth curves of brain function. Mean growth curves revealed developmental increases in activity within an error monitoring region, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). DACC activity was uniquely associated with task performance, suggesting that late-maturing dACC activity may be a primary process underlying the maturation of inhibitory control. Activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) declined from childhood to adolescence, and may function as a scaffold to support immature networks. Growth curves across remaining areas of the inhibitory control circuitry did not show developmental changes, suggesting that the foundational inhibitory control system is available early in development. Investigating individual differences in trajectories revealed patterns of variability segregated according to function. Error monitoring evidenced the least variability, and executive control regions showed parallel trajectories, indicating a preservation of rank-order stability over development. Some motor response control regions showed a decline in variability with age,v indicating individuals follow different paths to the same end point of maturity. Sex predicted slope variability in a set of motor response control regions and an executive control region, with females but not males showing developmental declines in reactivity. Taken together, these findings extend prior cross-sectional studies to indicate that primary to the development of inhibitory control is enhanced error monitoring and less reliance on supportive dlPFC control. Further, results highlight important variability in developmental pathways, including notable sex differences.
Mining contextual movie similarity with matrix factorization for context-aware recommendation

Context-aware recommendation seeks to improve recommendation performance by exploiting various information sources in addition to the conventional user-item matrix used by recommender systems. We propose a novel context-aware movie recommendation algorithm based on joint matrix factorization (JMF). We jointly factorize the user-item matrix containing general movie ratings and other contextual movie similarity matrices to integrate contextual information into the recommendation process. The algorithm was developed within the scope of the mood-aware recommendation task that was offered by the Moviepilot mood track of the 2010 context-aware movie recommendation (CAMRa) challenge. Although the algorithm could generalize to other types of contextual information, in this work, we focus on two: movie mood tags and movie plot keywords. Since the objective in this challenge track is to recommend movies for a user given a specified mood, we devise a novel mood-specific movie similarity measure for this purpose. We enhance the recommendation based on this measure by also deploying the second movie similarity measure proposed in this article that takes into account the movie plot keywords. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed JMF algorithm with respect to the recommendation performance by carrying out experiments on the Moviepilot challenge dataset. We demonstrate that exploiting contextual information in JMF leads to significant improvement over several state-of-the-art approaches that generate movie recommendations without using contextual information. We also demonstrate that our proposed mood-specific movie similarity is better suited for the task than the conventional mood-based movie similarity measures. Finally, we show that the enhancement provided by the movie similarity capturing the plot keywords is particularly helpful in improving the recommendation to those users who are significantly more active in rating the movies than other users.
HIV/AIDS and Indian youth - a review of the literature (1980 – 2008)

The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the situation regarding HIV/AIDS among youth in India, and explore the possible strategies that could be effective in combating the spread of this disease. India is in the grip of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with an increasing number of infections being reported among youth, who comprise a quarter of the population but account for almost one-third of the HIV/AIDS burden. The prevalence in young women appears to be on the rise. Although the majority of youth are aware of the disease, a number of myths and misconceptions still prevail. Furthermore, or as a consequence, a higher percentage of young males report engaging in premarital sexual activity compared with females. Even though condom awareness is fairly high, condom usage is low. Of late, sex tourism and its implications for the HIV/AIDS epidemic present an increasing concern. Indian youth appear to hold negative attitudes towards HIV testing and people living with HIV/AIDS. Although a number of preventive and control programmes and policies exist, these need further strengthening and evaluation.
A Differentially Flat Open-Chain Space Robot with Arbitrarily Oriented Joint Axes and Two Momentum Wheels at the Base

The motion of a free-floating space robot is characterized by the principle of conservation of angular momentum. It is well known that these angular momentum equations are nonholonomic, i.e., are nonintegrable rate equations. If the base of the free-floating robot is partially actuated, it is difficult to determine joint trajectories that will result in point-to-point motion of the entire robot system in its configuration space. However, if the drift-less system associated with the angular momentum conservation equations is differentially flat, point-to-point maneuvers of the free-floating robot in its configuration space can be constructed by properly choosing trajectories in the differentially flat space. The primary advantages of this approach is that it avoids the use of nonlinear programming (NLP) to solve the nonintegrable rate equations, which at best can provide only approximate solutions. A currently open research problem is how to design a differentially flat space robot with under-actuated base. The contributions of this technical note are as follows: i) study systematically the structure of the nonholonomic rate constraint equations of a free-floating open-chain space robot with two momentum wheels at the base and arbitrarily oriented joint axes; ii) identify a set of sufficient conditions on the inertia distribution under which the system exhibits differential flatness; iii) exploit these design conditions for point-to-point trajectory planning and control of the space robot.
Incidence and impact of dysphagia in patients receiving prolonged endotracheal intubation after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery is frequently associated with prolonged endotracheal intubation. Because oral feeding is an important component of patient recovery after high-risk surgery, we sought to examine the contribution of dysphagia in the recuperation process after prolonged endotracheal intubation. METHODS All 254 adult patients who survived cardiac surgery between 2001 and 2004 at the Toronto General Hospital and in whom endotracheal intubation lasted for 48 hours or longer were eligible for our retrospective review. We used multivariate regression analysis and parametric modelling to identify patient-specific characteristics associated with postextubation dysphagia and the subsequent resumption of normal oral feeding. RESULTS Dysphagia was diagnosed in 130 (51%) patients. Incremental factors associated with an increased risk for postextubation dysphagia included duration of endotracheal intubation (p < 0.001), the occurrence of a perioperative cerebrovascular event (p = 0.014) and the presence of perioperative sepsis (p = 0.016). Neither preoperative patient risks nor index procedural characteristics were influential factors. The occurrence of dysphagia (p < 0.001) and the duration of endotracheal intubation (p < 0.001) were the only independent factors associated with a delayed return to normal oral feeding. In contrast, several independent factors were associated with a delay to hospital discharge, including the presence of dysphagia (p < 0.001), occurrence of perioperative stroke (p < 0.001), duration of endotracheal intubation (p < 0.001) and number of endotracheal intubation events (p < 0.006). CONCLUSION Dysphagia is more common in patients with prolonged endotracheal intubation after cardiac surgery than has previously been reported. The duration of postoperative endotracheal intubation is a strong predictor of subsequent dysphagia that both prolongs the return to normal oral feeding and delays subsequent hospital discharge. Patient-or procedure-specific factors are not good predictors. To accelerate discharge of high-risk patients, aggressive nutritional supplementation should pre-empt extubation and swallowing surveillance should follow.
Role of Adenosine Receptors in the Regulation of Angiogenic Factors and Neovascularization in Hypoxia

Because hypoxia increases extracellular adenosine levels and stimulates angiogenesis, we evaluated the relative roles of reduced oxygen concentrations and adenosine receptor activation in the production of angiogenic factors. In vitro, we analyzed the effects of hypoxia and adenosine on the secretion of angiogenic factors from human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). To study the effects of hypoxia alone, we scavenged adenosine from the hypoxic medium with adenosine deaminase, and we used the stable adenosine analog 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) to study the effects of stimulation of adenosine receptors. In the absence of adenosine, hypoxia stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but not interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from HMEC-1. In contrast, NECA stimulated both VEGF and IL-8 secretion. VEGF secretion was increased 1.9 ± 0.04-fold with NECA (10 μM) and 1.7 ± 0.1-fold with hypoxia (5% O2) but 3.8 ± 0.1-fold when these two stimuli were combined. Thus, adenosine receptors act in a cooperative fashion with hypoxia to stimulate VEGF and induce IL-8 secretion not stimulated by hypoxia alone. In vivo, antagonism of adenosine receptors with caffeine abrogated VEGF up-regulation induced by local injection of NECA into the mouse hind limb and produced a 46% reduction of neovascularization in a mouse ischemic hind limb model. Our study suggests that adenosine actions are not redundant but rather are complementary to the direct effects of hypoxia. Stimulation of adenosine receptors not only contributes to the overall effect of hypoxia but also has additional actions in the regulation of angiogenic factors. Thus, adenosine receptors represent a potential therapeutic target for regulation of neovascularization.
Stochastic Gradient Descent with Only One Projection

Although many variants of stochastic gradient descent have been proposed for large-scale convex optimization, most of them require projecting the solution at each iteration to ensure that the obtained solution stays within the feasible domain. For complex domains (e.g., positive semidefinite cone), the projection step can be computationally expensive, making stochastic gradient descent unattractive for large-scale optimization problems. We address this limitation by developing novel stochastic optimization algorithms that do not need intermediate projections. Instead, only one projection at the last iteration is needed to obtain a feasible solution in the given domain. Our theoretical analysis shows that with a high probability, the proposed algorithms achieve an O(1/√T) convergence rate for general convex optimization, and an O(ln T/T) rate for strongly convex optimization under mild conditions about the domain and the objective function.
Solids suspension and power dissipation in stirred tanks agitated by an impeller near the tank bottom

SOLIDS SUSPENSION AND POWER DISSIPATION IN STIRRED TANKS AGITATED BY AN IMPELLER NEAR THE TANK BOTTOM by Ernesto Uehara Nagamine In this work, the effect of very small impeller clearances off the tank bottom, C, on complete solid off-bottom suspension, Njs, was investigated. Four types of impellers were used: six-blade flat-disk turbine, six-blade flat-blade turbine, six-blade flat (45°) pitchedblade turbine, and the high efficiency impeller Chemineer HE-3. The effects of the impeller diameter, D, tank diameter, T, and solids loading, X, were quantified. The presence of two impellers was analyzed using impellers of the same type and size. Typically, Njs and the power consumption were found to decrease with the impeller clearance. However, for lower C/T values, a slight increase was observed for axial impellers, especially for low D/T ratios (less than 0.261). The power consumption was lower for the axial-flow impellers as compared with the radial-flow impellers. For disk and flat-blade turbines, a change in the flow pattern was observed in the range of 0.13 < C/T < 0.19 and 0.19 < C/T < 0.24, respectively. No change in flow pattern was observed up to C/T = 0.25, for the flat (45°) pitched-blade turbines and the Chemineer impellers. Correlations to predict the value of Njs as a function of impeller clearance were obtained, for each type of impeller. SOLIDS SUSPENSION AND POWER DISSIPATION IN STIRRED TANKS AGITATED BY AN IMPELLER NEAR THE TANK BOTTOM by Ernesto Uehara Nagamine A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Environmental Science October 1996
Spatial Learning and Memory—What's TLE Got to Do with It?

Cognitive impairment is a significant comorbidity of epilepsy. At present, the molecular/cellular mechanisms that underlie these cognitive impairments remain unknown. It seems likely that a complete understanding at the molecular/cellular level will require the use of rodent models. A number of rodent models of epilepsy are used to study cognition in a variety of behavioral tasks. This review presents a brief overview of two commonly used tasks (the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze) that have been used to assess spatial learning/memory in two chemoconvulsant models of temporal lobe epilepsy.