Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Charismatic School Leader--Potent Myth or Persuasive Effect?

This paper looks at a single-site case study, a primary school subject to Special Measures, researched by the author over a three-year period. Taking the Conger and Kanungo (1998) concept of the charismatic leader, it asks why either the person of the leader or the process of leadership can mask the fundamental issues in primary schools that face complex and challenging situational factors. It concludes that one of the reasons for the continued potency of the leadership myth is the followers' demand for it.
Presynaptic Nicotinic α7 and Non-α7 Receptors Stimulate Endogenous GABA Release from Rat Hippocampal Synaptosomes through Two Mechanisms of Action

Background Although converging evidence has suggested that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) play a role in the modulation of GABA release in rat hippocampus, the specific involvement of different nAChR subtypes at presynaptic level is still a matter of debate. In the present work we investigated, using selective α7 and α4β2 nAChR agonists, the presence of different nAChR subtypes on hippocampal GABA nerve endings to assess to what extent and through which mechanisms they stimulate endogenous GABA release. Methodology/Findings All agonists elicited GABA overflow. Choline (Ch)-evoked GABA overflow was dependent to external Ca2+, but unaltered in the presence of Cd2+, tetrodotoxin (TTX), dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) and 1-(4,4-Diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride SKF 89976A. The effect of Ch was blocked by methyllycaconitine (MLA), α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), dantrolene, thapsigargin and xestospongin C, suggesting that GABA release might be triggered by Ca2+ entry into synaptosomes through the α7 nAChR channel with the involvement of calcium from intracellular stores. Additionally, 5-Iodo-A-85380 dihydrochloride (5IA85380) elicited GABA overflow, which was Ca2+ dependent, blocked by Cd2+, and significantly inhibited by TTX and DHβE, but unaffected by MLA, SKF 89976A, thapsigargin and xestospongin C and dantrolene. These findings confirm the involvement of α4β2 nAChR in 5IA85380-induced GABA release that seems to occur following membrane depolarization and opening calcium channels. Conclusions/Significance Rat hippocampal synaptosomes possess both α7 and α4β2 nAChR subtypes, which can modulate GABA release via two distinct mechanisms of action. The finding that GABA release evoked by the mixture of sub-maximal concentration of 5IA85380 plus sub-threshold concentrations of Ch was significantly larger than that elicited by the sum of the effects of the two agonists is compatible with the possibility that they coexist on the same nerve terminals. These findings would provide the basis for possible selective pharmacological strategies to treat neuronal disorders that involve the dysfunction of hippocampal cholinergic system.
Administration Rates of the Tdap Vaccine in Obstetric Patients

Background: Infants younger than 6 months of age are at high risk for contracting pertussis because of not being fully vaccinated. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccinating all pregnant women with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) between 27 and 36 weeks to offer passive immunity to the infant to help protect them until they are able to receive the full pertussis series. Objective: To assess and compare compliance with the 2013 ACIP recommendation of vaccinating pregnant women with Tdap at 27 to 36 weeks’ gestation in 2 obstetric clinics. Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective chart review evaluated Tdap vaccine compliance in a random sample of obstetric patients from October 2013 to September 2014. The primary outcome evaluated the proportion of patients who received Tdap between 27 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who received Tdap at any point in pregnancy and within 30 days postpartum. Results: The charts of 573 patients were reviewed, and 237 met inclusion criteria. For the primary outcome, 142 patients (59.9%) received the Tdap vaccine. Overall, 156 patients (65.8%) received Tdap at some point during the pregnancy. Factors associated with receiving the Tdap vaccination were insurance status, prenatal care risk level and site of prenatal care, receipt of the influenza vaccine, and preterm labor in the current pregnancy. Conclusion: The Tdap vaccine rate was 65.8%, with 59.9% of patients receiving the vaccine within the recommended ACIP timeframe. Further education, improvements in documentation, and chart reminders are needed to enhance administration.
Reports of the early home environment in DSM-III-R personality disorders

Reports of adverse childhood experiences were examined in individuals with prominent DSM Axis II psychopathology. Subjects included 90 outpatients who met criteria for a definite or probable (one criteria below threshold) DSM-III-R personality disorder. Personality disorders were evaluated using a structured diagnostic interview. The early home environment was independently assessed using both a semistructured interview and a self-report inventory. Results indicated that antisocial traits were associated with reports of significantly poorer maternal and paternal relationships and physical abuse. Borderline and self-defeating personality traits were associated with reports of poorer maternal and paternal relationships and sexual abuse. The other personality disorders did not exhibit strong patterns of associations with the early home environment variables.
The Long-Term Effects of Parental Alienation on Adult Children: A Qualitative Research Study

A qualitative retrospective study was conducted on 38 adults who experienced parental alienation as a child. Individuals participated in one-hour semi-structured interviews. Audiotapes were transcribed verbatim, and submitted to a content analysis for primary themes and patterns. Findings pertaining to the long-term effects of parental alienation were analyzed for this article. Results revealed seven major areas of impact: (1) low self-esteem, (2) depression, (3) drug/alcohol abuse, (4) lack of trust, (5) alienation from own children, (6) divorce, and (7) other. These seven themes are discussed at length to provide the first glimpse into the lives of adult children of parental alienation.
"Islamic Yuppies"? State Rescaling, Citizenship, and Public Opinion Formation in Tehran, Iran

The contemporary political map of Tehran, Iran, is marked by a central state conflict between the institutionalized theocratic system and a newly emerging liberal-democratic system. While this conflict has received worldwide media attention, the underlying processes of state rescaling and their effects on the formation of citizenship have not. Using the concept of state rescaling, I argue that the Iranian state is increasingly, though contentiously, constituted at transnational and local levels; this occurs through matters such as the debates over opening political, economic, and cultural borders, and the decentralization of political processes through local town and city council elections. The city of Tehran plays a crucial role as the seat of national government, an increasingly autonomous local state onto its own, and Iran's window on transnational processes. I seek to explore the kinds of political identities that can be created under such turbulent processes of Iranian neo-liberal democratization and state rescaling. While conjectural at this point, it is possible to examine particular social constructions of new forms of Iranian citizenship to address how state transformations will potentially change citizenship into the future. In particular, I examine the social construction of "the Islamic yuppie" and public opinion polls as arguments advocating a new kind of an urban, cosmopolitan citizen who can move fluidly through multiple spaces and scales. These constructions, contextualized within current processes of Iranian state restructuring and rescaling, underscore the need to think through citizenship in general, and Iranian citizenship in particular, as a multiscalar process.
Olanzapine-sertraline combination in schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Case report. Mr. A, a 28-year-old man with a 3-year history of schizophrenia (DSM-IV criteria), was admitted for evaluation of his unresponsiveness to several neuroleptics. He started with clozapine and received no other medication. Ten days later, he developed acute dyspnea and fever. At that time, he was taking clozapine, 225 mg/day, and his level of physical activity was normal: he did not stay in bed during the daytime and participated normally in the ward activities. The clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism was confirmed by ancillary investigations (i.e., perfusion-ventilation lung scan, ventilation scan, arterial blood gases), and standard anticoagulant treatment was initiated promptly. He recovered well, from his psychosis as well as from the pulmonary embolism. Further investigation showed that he had no known risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). He was not obese, he had not undergone a recent trauma, and his family history for VTE was negative. He had no medical disorder associated with an increased risk for VTE (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, congestive heart failure, malignancy, myeloproliferative disorder). Laboratory investigations ruled out deficiencies of antithrombin III, proteins C and S, and the factor V Leiden mutation. Serious consideration was given to the possibility that the use of clozapine had caused the pulmonary embolism, but in view of this excellent response and the lack of good evidence for the relationship, his treatment with clozapine (400 mg/day) was continued. Oral anticoagulants (acenocoumarol) were stopped after 9 months. Twenty-six months after discontinuation of his anticoagulant treatment, Mr. A was admitted for a new episode of chest pain and dyspnea. Perfusion-ventilation lung scanning revealed the presence of several new pulmonary emboli. Treatment with anticoagulants was resumed, and he recovered again. He has now been on treatment with clozapine (400 mg/day) and acenocoumarol for 4 years, and no new episodes of VTE have occurred. (Two years after the second episode, Mr. A.’s blood was examined for IgG and IgM antibodies against phospholipids; the negative results made an antiphospholipid syndrome unlikely.) The risks associated with long-term treatment with oral anticoagulants were explained to him, and a switch to another atypical neuroleptic was advised. However, he refused to stop his treatment with clozapine, because there is no guarantee that other drugs will be as effective and he is very concerned about a return of his auditory hallucinations.
Interplay between personal goals and classroom goal structures in predicting student outcomes: A multilevel analysis of person-context interactions.

This study examined cross-level interactions between personal goals and classroom goal structures, as well as their additive contributions to predicting math achievement, engagement, interest, effort withdrawal, and avoidance coping, using a sample of 3,943 Grade 5 students from 130 classrooms. Results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that classroom performance goal structures exacerbated (a) the negative association between personal performance-avoidance goals and engagement and (b) the positive relations of personal performance-avoidance goals to effort withdrawal and avoidance coping. Moreover, both classroom performance goal structures and personal performance-avoidance goals had maladaptive patterns of relations to outcomes at their respective levels of analysis, whereas classroom mastery goal structures and personal mastery goals showed adaptive relations. Our findings underscore the importance of a multilevel interactionist perspective in understanding achievement motivation and making recommendations for educational practices.
The Enigmatic Young Object: Walker 90/V590 Mon

Aims. We assess the evolutionary status of the intriguing object Walker 90/V590 Mon, which is located about 20 arcmin northwest of the Cone Nebula near the center of the open cluster NGC 2264. This object, according to its most recent optical spectral type determination (B7), which we confirmed, is at least 3 mag too faint in V for the cluster distance, but it shows the classical signs of a young pre-main sequence object, such as highly variable Hα emission, Mg II emission, IR excess, UV continuum, and optical variability. Methods. We analyzed a collection of archival and original data on Walker 90, covering 45 years including photometry, imaging, and spectroscopic data ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Results. According to star formation processes, it is expected that, as this object clears its primordial surroundings, it should become optically brighter, show a weakening of its IR excess and present decreasing line emissions. This behavior is supported by our observations and analysis, but timescales are expected to be longer than the one observed here. Based on photometric data secured in 2007, we find Walker 90 at its brightest recorded optical magnitude (12.47 ± 0.06). We document an evolution in spectral type over the past five decades (from A2/A3 to currently B7 and as early as B4), along with a decrease in the near-infrared K fluxes. From near-infrared VISIR images secured in 2004, Walker 90 appears as a point source placing an upper limit of <0.1 �� for its diameter. Evidence of turbulent inflows is found in rapidly changing inverse P-Cygni profiles in the lower Balmer lines, with a broadening of ±400 km s −1 in Hα and a redshifted component in Hβ with a terminal velocity of ∼600 km s −1 . The measured steep UV continuum fluxes (mimicking a star as early as B4), added to a tentative identification of N V emission, suggest a strong non-photospheric component, typically of fluxes arising from a thermally inhomogeneous accretion disk. We detect a well defined 2200 A bump, indicative of dense material in the line-of-sight. We conclude that many observational features are explained if W90 is a flared disk system, surrounded by an inclined optically thick accretion disk.
Evaluation of Antenatal to Neonatal Continuum Care Services Affecting Neonatal Health in a Tertiary Health-Care Setup

Background: Maternal and child mortality and morbidity continue to be high despite existence of various national health programmes in India. Annually 41% of all Under 5 mortality is comprised of neonates, 3/4 of who die within the first week of life. Even though effective programmes are existing, optimum utilization is still a question. So the present study was planned to assess utilisation of maternal and neonatal health services and its influence on neonatal health. Objectives: 1. To assess the utilization of MCH services before admission to SNCU. 2. To analyse the process of implementation of IMNCI before referral and during the admission. 3. To observe the impact on neonatal health and give necessary recommendations. Methodology: The information regarding utilization of MCH services was obtained by conducting in depth interviews with the responsible adults accompanying the sick neonate. The Pre-treatment and referral slips were verified and compared with that of the prescribed guidelines laid down by the IMNCI for young infants (0-2 months) at SNCU. Results and Discussion: Some of the important observations were mentioned here. 100% women had TT immunization whereas 72% had the full ANC, 58.7% had full course of IFA, 76% had utilized JSY benefits and 48.34% had their PNC. 84% neonates had required immunization, 59.01% were on exclusive breast feeding. 38.9% were paid home visits, only 42% had an idea about the danger signs of neonatal period. 23% sick babies were treated under IMNCI guideline. Among them 98% given initial treatment, only 34% given proper diagnosis/classification, 56% were given adequate advice.
Robust and Fast Three-Phase PLL Tracking System

This paper presents a simple, robust, and fast synchronization method to detect the phase angle of the positive sequence of a three-phase ac system. The algorithm was derived from a standard phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuit based on the pq theory, but a feedforward action is implemented to guarantee high dynamic performance in conjunction with a modified feedback action to reduce the phase-angle estimation error to zero. The result is a fast tracking system that improves the start-up stage and rapid input variations. It guarantees accurate phase locking and is robust with respect to ac distortions such as harmonics, subharmonics, and voltage imbalance. The control model for the proposed PLL system was based on the standard qPLL structure. A linear analysis was performed to show the benefits of the proposed solution, and recommendations are given for tuning its parameters. The proposed technique was tested and compared with other algorithms by means of simulations. The experimental and simulation results are shown and compared.
GENDER, SPORT, AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OUTSIDE SPORT

This study focuses on how sports attitudes and participation relate to physical aggression outside sport for college athletes. Data were derived from a survey of nearly 200 male and female athletes at a medium-size (11,500-student) comprehensive university. Physical aggression was measured by an item concerning whether the respondents ever physically harmed or injured other persons outside sport in fights or disagreements. Although exploratory, this study suggests potentially valuable insights about how gender, beliefs in the value of toughness in sport, accidentally or intentionally hurting other athletes in competition, and participation in a team or contact sport relate to physical aggression outside sport. Whereas attitudes, having hurt other athletes, and team and contact sport participation all were related to physical aggression outside sport for male athletes, only participation in a contact sport was related to physical aggression outside sport for female athletes.
An exploration of the Innovation Theory of Successful Ageing among older tourists

ABSTRACT This article aims to examine patterns of innovation in older adults' tourism, and to explore whether innovation is associated with the benefits gained from the overall tourism experience. The study was based on a national mail survey of 298 retirees, who travelled abroad at least once in the year prior to the survey. Results indicated that participants' involvement in new experiences during their last travel abroad was quite high. Factor analysis of new experiences data identified two factors: ‘external innovation’, which included experiences that were associated with the external environment visited; and ‘internal innovation’, which consisted of experiences that were associated with some intrapersonal processes. Cluster analysis conducted on the new experiences' factors identified three groups of older tourists: non-innovators, external innovators and absolute innovators. These groups were differentiated in terms of travel patterns and destination activities. In addition, the absolute innovators reported a significantly higher level of agreement with various benefits statements than the other groups. Examining the findings through the lenses of the Innovation Theory of Successful Ageing helps to explain older adults' tourism experiences. Moreover, since the findings imply that experiencing ‘internal innovation’, rather than ‘external innovation’, amplified their overall tourism experience, this article suggests a new principle to the theory, which should be tested in future research.
Variation of Syndesmosis Anatomy With Growth

Background: Syndesmosis injury is common in trauma and in the sport medicine population. Diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is controversial in adult population and almost unknown in a growing and immature ankle. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between the distal tibia and fibula in immature, growing, and mature children. Methods: A retrospective imaging study was performed on ankle magnetic resonance images (MRI), which were divided into 3 groups according to age: immature, growing, or mature. The syndesmosis anatomy was described in 3 planes following an established measurement system. The measurement system was also validated (intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility) on a subgroup of 30 MRIs with 4 surgeons. Results: The measurement system, previously described on CT scans, is valid when used on MRIs. The mediolateral translation significantly increases with growth and external rotation of fibula decreases. The anteroposterior position is also significantly different between groups but the ratios are similar. Conclusions: This study reported differences in distal tibiofibular relationship in a growing population. This information will be crucial in future development of diagnostic and follow-up criteria of syndesmosis injury. It also presented a valid and precise measurement system to describe syndesmotic anatomy in 3 planes. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the clearance of the cervical spine in blunt trauma: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND There is a subset of blunt trauma patients that present with symptoms suspicious for cervical spine injury or with unreliable clinical exams whose initial plain radiographs or cervical computed tomography (CT) scan are negative. Uncertainty remains, however, because no gold standard has been established for definitively clearing the cervical spine of injury in this patient cohort. Individual studies have detailed the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this patient population without conclusive results. METHODS Comprehensive database searches were conducted for prospective or retrospective diagnostic studies of blunt trauma patients who were entered into a cervical spine clearance protocol that included MRI. Inclusion criteria were minimum 30 patients with clinically suspicious or unevaluatable cervical spines, clinical follow-up as the gold standard, data reported to allow the collection of true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives, MRI obtained within 72 hours of injury, and plain radiographs that disclosed nothing abnormal of the cervical spine with or without a CT scan that disclosed nothing abnormal. Log odds meta-analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of MRI was performed. RESULTS Five Level I diagnostic protocols, enrolling 464 patients receiving MRI, were included. There were zero false negatives in the five studies resulting in a negative predictive value of 100%. Log odds meta-analysis produced a 94.2% positive predictive value (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.0, 989), 97.2% sensitivity (95% CI 89.5, 99.3), and 98.5% specificity (95% CI 91.8, 99.7). Ninety-seven (97 of 464, 20.9%) patients had abnormalities identified by MRI that were not identified by plain radiographs with or without CT. CONCLUSION A magnetic resonance image that did not disclose anything abnormal can conclusively exclude cervical spine injury and is established as a gold standard for clearing the cervical spine in a clinically suspicious or unevaluatable blunt trauma patient. An accurate number of false positive MRI scans cannot be determined.