Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teams in organizations: recent research on performance and effectiveness.

This review examines recent research on groups and teams, giving special emphasis to research investigating factors that influence the effectiveness of teams at work in organizations. Several performance-relevant factors are considered, including group composition, cohesiveness, and motivation, although certain topics (e.g. composition) have been more actively researched than others in recent years and so are addressed in greater depth. Also actively researched are certain types of teams, including flight crews, computer-supported groups, and various forms of autonomous work groups. Evidence on basic processes in and the performance effectiveness of such groups is reviewed. Also reviewed are findings from studies of organizational redesign involving the implementation of teams. Findings from these studies provide some of the strongest support for the value of teams to organizational effectiveness. The review concludes by briefly considering selected open questions and emerging directions in group research.
Geodemographics, Software and Class

This article examines some of the implications for the sociological analysis of social class of the migration of geodemographic classifications of various sorts into software systems designed to ‘sort out’ people and places. It begins by offering an overview of the history and development of geodemographic classifications. It then argues that such classifications are increasingly becoming embedded in ‘soft-ware sorting’ procedures of various sorts, which in turn leads to the prospect of ‘automated spatiality’ becoming a common feature of the contemporary constitution of social class.
Accuracy of chemically created periapical lesion measurements using limited cone beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements of chemically created periapical lesions using limited cone beam CT. METHODS Periapical lesions were chemically created in 18 mandibular cadaver teeth. Mandibles were dissected buccolingually using a bone-cutting burr. Diameters and depths were measured directly in the cross-sectional slices using a precision digital caliper. The cross-sectional slices were then embedded in wax, and cone beam CT images were acquired using a NewTom 3G Plus scanner with both 6 inch and 9 inch fields of view (FOVs). Two oral radiologists measured the diameter and depth of periapical lesions on the cross-sectional images using the built-in measurement tools. Measurements were repeated after a 1 week interval. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was calculated by ANOVA. Regression analysis was used to test the correlation between the cone beam CT and digital caliper measurements. RESULTS No significant differences were found in diameter or depth measurements between or within observers or between 6 inch and 9 inch FOV images. Regression analysis of diameter and depth measurements made by direct caliper versus 6 inch or 9 inch FOV images revealed a high regression coefficient (for diameter: 6 inch FOV, R(2) = 94.6%; 9 inch FOV, R(2) = 94.8%; P<0.001; for depth: 6 inch FOV, R(2) = 99.3%; 9 inch FOV, R(2) = 99.3%; P<0.001) showing a strong linear relationship. For the diameter, the mean deviation from direct caliper measurements was 0.0625 mm and 0.08958 mm, respectively; for the 6 inch FOV and 9 inch FOV images, and for depth, the mean deviation was, respectively, -0.1001 mm and 0.09875 mm. CONCLUSIONS Cone beam CT yielded highly accurate and reproducible results in the quantitative assessment of periapical lesions.
Design of compact ultrawideband patch antenna for wireless communications

A folded patch fed compact UWB antenna is proposed and designed. The UWB band is obtained by E-H shaped stacked with H shaped patch, fed with a folded patch feed and the size reduction is realized through the use of shorting wall. The antenna has a compact structure, and the total size is 15 by 14mm by 10mm. A relative impedance bandwidth of 100% (from 3.46 to 10.36 GHz) is achieved. Also, the antenna is able to achieve the stable radiation performance with gain greater than 4 dBi across the UWB band.
The Integrated Social Control Model and Ethnicity

Delinquency research has not generally addressed the question raised by ethnographic studies concerning the extent to which the delinquency of specific ethnic groups can be modeled with a general theory. This study uses data from a survey of inner-city Puerto Rican American male adolescents to replicate Elliott, Huizinga, and Ageton's analytical model of delinquency based on an integration of social control, social learning, and strain theories. Taking as a point of departure Elliott and associates' path model results, and using the same measures developed for their National Youth Survey, the study applies the results of previous ethnographic research on the cultural specificity of the Hispanic family and on the relationships between conventional institutions and adolescent peer groups in inner cities to hypothesize a different model of delinquent involvement among Puerto Rican inner-city youths. The results generally verify the posited model, indicating that among Puerto Rican American adolescents, family bonding is a more important influence on delinquency whereas peer bonding is less important than is the case in the national sample of more affluent White youths. However, the most influential factors found in the National Youth Survey are also powerful predictors among Puerto Rican American youth.
Upper eyelid motility in blepharoptosis and in the aging eyelid.

PURPOSE To study the metrics of lid saccades in blepharoptosis and to distinguish any differences in the dynamics of eyelid movements that are related to the cause of blepharoptosis and to aging. METHODS The lid and vertical eye saccades of 7 patients with congenital blepharoptosis and those of 18 patients with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis, either involutional or rigid-contact-lens-induced, were recorded with electromagnetic search coils. For each saccade, two parameters were assessed: amplitude and peak velocity. Two age-matched control groups were assessed in the same manner. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate any observed differences between the included groups. RESULTS Congenital and rigid-contact-lens-induced blepharoptosis were readily distinguishable from one another, as well as from the age-matched control group, in both lid saccadic amplitude and peak velocity. For example, 40 degrees downward lid saccades in the congenital blepharoptosis group averaged 22.9 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees (SD), whereas 30.0 degrees +/- 4.7 degrees lid saccades were made by the age-matched control group. The subjects in the two groups with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis also made lid saccades that were distinctive for their group (P: < 0.02), in both amplitude and peak velocity. For 40 degrees downward saccades in involutional and rigid-contact-lens-induced blepharoptosis, lid saccadic amplitude averaged 32.7 degrees +/- 4.3 degrees and 40.3 degrees +/- 3.5 degrees, respectively. Lid saccadic peak velocity declined significantly with age. Lid saccadic peak velocity for 40 degrees upward saccades in the younger control group averaged 401.7 +/- 11.4 deg/sec, whereas the older control group achieved an average peak velocity of 360.7 +/- 60.4 deg/sec. The lid saccadic dynamics in the involutional blepharoptosis group proved to be similar (P: > 0.05) in saccadic amplitude and peak velocity to those of age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS In different forms of blepharoptosis, distinctive metrics of lid saccades occur. The current data suggest that involutional blepharoptosis is not a consequence of normal age-related changes in eyelid function.
The active quiescence of HR Del (Nova Del 1967) - The ex-nova HR Del

This new UV study of the ex-nova HR Del is based on all of the data obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite, and includes the important series of spectra taken in 1988 and 1992 that have not been analyzed so far. This has allowed us to make a detailed study of both the long-timescale and the short-timescale UV variations, after the return of the nova, around 1981-1982, to the pre-outburst optical magnitude. After the correction for the reddening (EB−V = 0.16), adopting a distance d = 850 pc we have derived a mean UV luminosity close to LUV ∼ 56 L� , the highest value among classical novae in "quiescence". Also the "average" optical absolute magnitude (Mv =+ 2.30) is indicative of a bright object. The UV continuum luminosity, the HeII 1640 A emission line luminosity, and the optical absolute magnitude all give a mass accretion rate u M very close to 1.4 × 10 −7 Myr −1 , if one assumes that the luminosity of the old nova is due to a non-irradiated accretion disk. The UV continuum has declined by a factor less than 1.2 over the 13 years of the IUE observations, while the UV emission lines have faded by larger factors. The continuum distribution is well fitted with either a black body of 33 900 K, or a power-law Fλ ∼ λ −2.20 . A comparison with the grid of models of Wade & Hubeny (1998) indicates a low M1 value and a relatively high u M but the best fittings to the continuum and the line spectrum come from different models. We show that the "quiescent" optical magnitude at mv ∼ 12 comes from the hot component and not from the companion star. Since most IUE observations correspond to the "quiescent" magnitude at mv ∼ 12, the same as in the pre-eruption stage, we infer that the pre-nova, for at least 70 years prior to eruption, was also very bright at near the same LUV, Mv, u M, and T values as derived in the present study for the ex-nova. The wind components in the P Cyg profiles of the CIV 1550 A and NV 1240 A resonance lines are strong and variable on short timescales, with vedge up to −5000 km s −1 , a remarkably high value. The phenomenology of the short-time variations of the wind indicates the presence of an inhomogeneous outflow. We discuss the nature of the strong UV continuum and wind features and the implications of the presence of a "bright" state a long time before and after outburst on our present knowledge of the pre-nova and post-nova behavior.
The Culture of Individualism and Collectivism in Balancing Accountability and Innovation in Education: An Islamic Perspective

The concept of individualism and collectivism has been widely studied with reference to the cultural elements, which have nothing in common pertaining to integrity. That is, individualism and collectivism always stand in sharp contrast to each other. In other words, these concepts occupy opposing edges of the platform that seeks to shape lifestyle and attitude of societies. In that light, this paper discusses individualism and collectivism from Islamic perspective, highlighting the interplay between these two inseparable concepts. Islam views individualism (accountability) and collectivism (innovation) as foundational and innovative concepts. The former, as fundamental building bricks that constitutes principles of accountability in human activities, and the latter as an innovative element that flourishes from principles of accountability and stipulates human activities. Furthermore, the paper gives insightful implications of individualism and collectivism with particular reference to education.
Stochastic Dual Averaging for Decentralized Online Optimization on Time-Varying Communication Graphs

We consider a decentralized online convex optimization problem in a network of agents, where each agent controls only a coordinate (or a part) of the global decision vector. For such a problem, we propose two decentralized stochastic variants (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{SODA}\hbox{-}\mathsf{C}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{SODA}\hbox{-}\mathsf{PS}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) of Nesterov's dual averaging method <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\mathsf{DA})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where each agent only uses a coordinate of the noise-corrupted gradient in the dual-averaging step. We show that the expected regret bounds for both algorithms have sublinear growth of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\sqrt{T})$</tex-math></inline-formula>, with the time horizon <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula>, in scenarios when the underlying communication topology is time-varying. The sublinear regret can be obtained when the stepsize is of the form <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/\sqrt{t}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the objective functions are Lipschitz-continuous convex functions with Lipschitz gradients, and the variance of the noisy gradients is bounded. We also provide simulation results of the proposed algorithms on sensor networks to complement our theoretical analysis.
Dynamic Ultrasound as a Selection Tool for Reducing Achilles Tendon Reruptures

Background The optimal method of treatment for acute tendo-Achilles ruptures continues to be debated. Hypothesis The reported lower rerupture rate for operatively treated patients is an effect of tendon end apposition during the healing process, and patients in whom apposition can be demonstrated using ultrasound will have a similar rate of rerupture if treated nonoperatively. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Method The authors reviewed all patients with an Achilles tendon rupture who were treated to a standard protocol during a 5-year period (2000-2005). Patients with a gap of 5 mm or more in equinus on ultrasound underwent surgery; those with a gap of less than 5 mm received nonoperative treatment. All patients were followed up to a minimum of 12 months. Results: After exclusions, 125 patients were included 67 treated operatively and 58 nonoperatively. There were 2 reruptures in the nonoperative group and 1 with surgery. There was no significant difference between the groups for any complication. Conclusion Reduction of rerupture and surgery risks may be possible using dynamic ultrasound case selection. Further studies are needed to show whether functional results are the same with surgical and nonsurgical treatment when dynamic ultrasound criteria are used for case selection.
An Approximate Method for Scattering by Thin Structures

Scattering of waves by a thin structure is considered in this work. The Helmholtz equation with variable coefficient models the wave phenomena. The scatterer is assumed to have a high index of refraction while at the same time it is very small in one of the dimensions. We show that if the index scales as O(1/h), where h is the thickness of the scatterer, then an approximate solution, based on perturbation analysis, can be obtained. The approximate solution consists of a leading order term plus a corrector, each of which solves an integral equation in two dimensions for a three-dimensional problem. We provide error analysis on the approximation. The approximate method can be viewed as an efficient computational approach since it can potentially greatly simplify scattering calculations. Numerical results provide an assessment of the accuracy of the approximate solution.
Moral reasoning about school violence: Informational assumptions about harm within school subcontexts

Moral reasoning about violence-prone subcontexts in schools is an understudied topic. I propose that concepts from cognitive developmental domain theory, public health, and environmental psychology be used conjointly to explore students' and teachers' understanding of violence-prone subcontexts such as hallways, playgrounds, and cafeterias. It is argued that members of the school community have differing preformed informational assumptions about violence-prone school subcontexts that systematically influence their judgments and interpretations of events in those locations. Two important informational assumptions are (a:) the individuals' or groups' estimation of risk for physical harm or potential provocation in specific locations within the school, and (b) the individuals' or groups' beliefs about the school staff's professional role or responsibility to monitor and intervene in violence-prone areas. This article puts forth the hypothesis that different groups within the school community (e.g., aggressiv.
Review of Research On Child Maltreatment and Violence in Youth

This review addresses research regarding associations between child maltreatment and youth violence perpetration. The authors explore current findings on the direct effects of child maltreatment on later youth violence and possible gender and ethnic differences. They examine differences in the prediction of adolescent violence as a function of duration and timing of maltreatment. Results provide compelling evidence linking child maltreatment and later youth violence, although some research is inconclusive once demographics and other competing predictors are considered. Overall, physical abuse is perhaps the most consistent predictor of youth violence, patterned by an increased risk for children exposed to severe, compounded maltreatment. However, findings indicate that lesser severe forms of abuse can increase the risk of later violence for some youth. Limitations of current research include relatively few prospective, studies on the abuse-violence link; a general lack of specificity in definitions of key variables; and inconsistency in data analysis methods.
Divorced Wisconsin Families with Shared Child Placements

This report describes the living arrangements of children in Wisconsin families with (equal and unequal) shared physical placements following their parents’ divorce, as well as the stability of those placements over approximately three years after the divorce. The sample is drawn from two cohorts of families, those entering the Wisconsin court system between 1996 and 1998, and those entering between 2000 and 2001. In the period between these cohorts, Wisconsin law was changed so as to maximize the amount of time that a child spends with each parent. This is the first study to investigate children’s placements following that legislative change. While we can not attribute our results to this change in law, we find that (1) when families changed their legal placement status through the court system, they were more likely to move toward an equal shared placement arrangement in the later cohort; (2) approximately three years after a divorce, there is little evidence that children in shared placements are spending less time with their fathers than they were at the time of the divorce; (3) a considerable proportion of children in mother sole cases spend little or no time with their fathers; (4) approximately three years after the divorce, children tended to be spending more time with their fathers in the later cohort than in the earlier cohort; and (5) the amount of time children spend with their fathers appears relatively consistent with placement arrangements, such that children in mother sole placements spend the least amount of time with their fathers and children in equal shared placements spend the most time with their fathers. Divorced Wisconsin Families with Shared Child Placements
Ranking Optimization for Person Re-identification via Similarity and Dissimilarity

Person re-identification is a key technique to match different persons observed in non-overlapping camera views.Many researchers treat it as a special object retrieval problem, where ranking optimization plays an important role. Existing ranking optimization methods utilize the similarity relationship between the probe and gallery images to optimize the original ranking list in which dissimilarity relationship is seldomly investigated. In this paper, we propose to use both similarity and dissimilarity cues in a ranking optimization framework for person re-identification. Its core idea is based on the phenomenon that the true match should not only be similar to the strong similar samples of the probe but also dissimilar to the strong dissimilar samples. Extensive experiments have shown the great superiority of the proposed ranking optimization method.
Which inventory should be used to assess Japanese handedness

わが国での利用度が高いEdinburghきき手検査と八田・中塚きき手検査の比較検討を行った。 207名の大学生に両方の検査項目が裏表に印刷された用紙を手渡し、それぞれに記入を求めた。 その際に他方の検査項目への記入結果を参照することを禁じた。 その結果、両検査のきき手指数の相関係数はｒ=. 957であった。 したがって、両検査結果でのきき手評価結果は極めて類似していることが明らかとなった。 しかしながら、Edinburghきき手検査では両手ききのカテゴリーを想定していないために、左きき、右きき、両手ききなどのカテゴリー分類をすると両検査での結果は必ずしも類似しておらず、きき手検査の選択は研究目的に応じて考慮する必要があることが明らかとなった。
Secrecy Outage Probability of Selective Relaying Wiretap Channels with Collaborative Eavesdropping

We analyze the secrecy outage probability of selective relaying wiretap channels with K decode- and-forward (DF) relays and N collaborative eavesdroppers. In the main channel, we consider a two-hop relay network where the best relay is selected to transmit and the relay link is combined with the direct source-to-destination link at the destination. In the eavesdropper channel, we consider that the eavesdroppers can collaborate to exchange the information obtained from the source and relays. Different from previous works, we introduce an eavesdropping probability measure to model different intercepting capabilities of the malicious nodes. For this network, we derive new closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability in Rayleigh fading channels. The impact of the number of eavesdroppers and the eavesdropping probabilities are accurately reflected in the array gain of the asymptotic secrecy outage probability.
What can Handgrip Strength tell the Therapist about Hand Function?

Power handgrip strength is recorded by clinicians as a quick and viable measure of hand impairment and function that can serve as a useful evaluation of hand status and treatment progress. This paper explores the procedure and reliability of measuring handgrip using different equipment. The extent of usefulness of grip strength as an indicator of structural impairment and ability measures in patient populations is questioned and the relevance of recording grip strength as part of a clinical assessment is summarised.
Surface Versus Untargeted Intramuscular EMG Based Classification of Simultaneous and Dynamically Changing Movements

The pattern recognition-based myoelectric control scheme is in the process of being implemented in clinical settings, but it has been mainly tested on sequential and steady state data. This paper investigates the ability of pattern recognition to resolve movements that are simultaneous and dynamically changing and compares the use of surface and untargeted intramuscular EMG signals for this purpose. Ten able-bodied subjects participated in the study. Both EMG types were recorded concurrently from the right forearm. The subjects were instructed to track dynamic contraction profiles using single and combined degrees of freedom in three trials. During trials one and two, the amplitude and the frequency of the profile were kept constant (nonmodulated data), and during trial three, the two parameters were modulated (modulated data). The results showed that the performance was up to 93% for nonmodulated tasks, but highly depended on the nature of the data used. Surface and untargeted intramuscular EMG had equal performance for data of similar nature (nonmodulated), but the performance of intramuscular EMG decreased, compared to surface, when tested on modulated data. However, the results of intramuscular recordings obtained in this study are promising for future use of implantable electrodes, because, besides the value added in terms of potential chronic implantation, the performance is theoretically the same as for surface EMG provided that enough information is captured in the recordings. Nevertheless, care should be taken when training the system since data obtained from selective recordings probably need more training data to generalize to new signals.