Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flexible and dynamic network coding for adaptive data transmission in DTNs

Existing network coding approaches for Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) do not detect and adapt to congestion in the network. In this paper we describe CafNC (Congestion aware forwarding with Network Coding) that combines adaptive network coding and adaptive forwarding in DTNs. In CafNC each node learns the status of its neighbours, and their ego-networks in order to detect coding opportunities, and codes as long as the recipients can decode. Our flexible design allows CafNC to efficiently support multiple unicast flows, with dynamic traffic demands and dynamic senders and receivers. We evaluate CafNC with two real connectivity traces and a realistic P2P application, introducing congestion by increasing the number of unicast flows in the network. Our results show that CafNC improves the success ratio, delay and packet loss, as the number of flows grows in comparison to no coding and hub-based static coding, while at the same time achieving efficient utilisation of network resources. We also show that static coding misses a number of coding opportunities and increases packet loss rates at times of increased congestion.
Judgment of emotional information expressed by prosody and semantics in patients with unipolar depression

It was the aim of this study to investigate the impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) on judgment of emotions expressed at the verbal (semantic content) and non-verbal (prosody) level and to assess whether evaluation of verbal content correlate with self-ratings of depression-related symptoms as assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We presented positive, neutral, and negative words spoken in happy, neutral, and angry prosody to 23 MDD patients and 22 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, and education. Participants rated the valence of semantic content or prosody on a 9-point scale. MDD patients attributed significantly less intense ratings to positive words and happy prosody than HC. For judgment of words, this difference correlated significantly with BDI scores. No such correlation was found for prosody perception. MDD patients exhibited attenuated processing of positive information which generalized across verbal and non-verbal channels. These findings indicate that MDD is characterized by impairments of positive rather than negative emotional processing, a finding which could influence future psychotherapeutic strategies as well as provide straightforward hypotheses for neuroimaging studies investigating the neurobiological correlates of impaired emotional perception in MDD.
Preparing for Culturally Responsive Schooling: Initial Teacher Educators Into the Fray

In Australia, schools are experiencing increasing cultural diversity, alongside of nationalizing assessment and curricular and professional standards. It is raising concerns regarding the pace of systemic reform and sector wide professional renewal. Culturally responsive schooling practices may be helpful at this time because it locates the experiences of learners as powerfully influencing engagement and achievement. This article reports on “The culturally responsive schooling project,” a study focused on postgraduate students as they prepared for, undertook, and reflected on practicum experiences. Participants identified three barriers that impacted on their culturally responsive efforts: mentors encouraging limited and limiting curricula, pedagogic and assessment practices; mentors communicating resistance to doing things differently or valuing cultural responsiveness; and a fearful awareness of being evaluated by their mentors. The ambition of this discussion then is to encourage a rethink of the interconnections between teacher education, school leadership, and inservice professional development.
Leisure, Relatedness, and Ill-Being among Older Adults in Long-Term Care

ABSTRACT A self-determination theoretical framework was applied to examine the relationship between leisure activity engagement and ill-being (depression and health) and the mediating role of relatedness, measured as social support, among older adults in long-term care (N = 110). Results from the latent variable structural equation models suggest that, when controlling for functional status, participating in leisure activities was related to lower ill-being. This relationship was mediated by social support, such that activity engagement facilitated relatedness and relatedness was associated with improved mental and physical health. Discussion of the importance of leisure activities and social support as well as intervention implications are included.
Therapeutic Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Diabetic Mice

Dehydroepiandrosterone (OHEA), a major adrenal secretory steroid in humans, was therapeutic when fed in a concentration of 0.4% to C57BL/KsJ mice with either non-insulin-dependent or insulin-dependent diabetes. Genetically diabetic (db/db) mice of both sexes develop obesity and a glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance by 2 mo of age, and exhibit beta-cell necrosis and islet atrophy by 4 mo. In contrast, OHEA feeding initiated between 1 and 4 mo of age, while only moderately effective in preventing obesity, did prevent the other pathogenic changes and effected a rapid remission of hyperglycemia, a preservation of beta-cell structure and function, and an increased insulin sensitivity as measured by glucose tolerance tests. DHEA feeding was also therapeutic to normal C57BL/KsJ male mice made diabetic by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (SZ). While DHEA treatments did not block either the direct cytotoxic action of SZ on beta-cells or the development of insulitis, the steroid significantly moderated the severity of the ensuing diabetes (reduced hyperglycemia and water consumption, and increased plasma insulin and numbers of residual, granulated beta-cells).
Buying a Bride: An Engaging History of Mail-Order Matches

successfully negotiate inclusivity tend to have common characteristics. First, they clearly identify and know their desired constituency. Second, these churches have access to resources that include demographic diversity, political education, and neutral environments devoted to listening—to name a few. In the end, these churches must also have a cohort of people who demonstrate a commitment to a common mission. After a period of conflict and dissension, re-articulation of the mission serves as a method of reconciliation and cohesion. While Zerai has made a significant contribution to increasing the level of sophistication in assumptions regarding Christian congregations in the United States, the volume might have benefitted from a tighter focus. While Part One examines evangelical churches and assessed how they attempted to become more inclusive regarding race and politics, Part Two abruptly shifts focus to a positively mainline congregation and its internal process toward becoming affirming and welcoming of LGBTIQ persons. In some ways, the beliefs, structures, and practices of evangelical and mainline congregations remain so disparate that comparisons remain less than compelling. Perhaps these multiple ethnographies are worthy of two separate volumes. As it stands, the synthesis offered by Zerai could have been enhanced both by a stronger narrative thread of intersectionality and an enhanced discussion of how affiliation within different religious traditions inside of Protestantism might have influenced processes of inclusion. Still, Intersectionality in Intentional Communities offers a profound argument by provocatively complicating expectations regarding congregations and intersectionality. Buying a Bride: An Engaging History of MailOrder Matches, by Marcia A. Zug. New York: New York University Press, 2016. 320 pp. $30.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780814771815.
A 1-V 1.1-MHz BW digitally assisted multi-bit multi-rate hybrid CT ΣΔ with 78-dB SFDR

A second-order multi-bit hybrid continuous-time (CT) ΣΔ modulator has been implemented in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The circuit ensures jitter immunity granted by the use of multi-rate switched-capacitor (SC) DACs. An auxiliary digital assistance technique reduces integrators output swing. The modulator provides 10.8 bits of resolution over a signal bandwidth of 1.1 MHz and a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 78 dB. The chip draws 1.1 mW from a 1-V supply.
When Should Software Firms Commercialize New Products via Freemium Business Models

In the software industry, a challenge firms often face is how to effectively commercialize innovations. An emerging business model increasingly embraced by entrepreneurs, called freemium, combines “free” and “premium” consumption in association with a product or service. In a nutshell, this model involves giving away for free a certain level or type of consumption while making money on premium consumption. We develop a unifying multi-period microeconomic framework with network externalities embedded into consumer learning in order to capture the essence of conventional for-fee models, several key freemium business models such as feature-limited or time-limited, and uniform market seeding models. Under moderate informativeness of word-of-mouth signals, we fully characterize conditions under which firms prefer freemium models, depending on consumer priors on the value of individual software modules, perceptions of crossmodule synergies, and overall value distribution across modules. Within our framework, we show that uniform seeding is always dominated by either freemium models or conventional for-fee models. We further discuss managerial and policy implications based on our analysis. Interestingly, we show that freemium, in one form or another, is always preferred from the social welfare perspective, and we provide guidance on when the firms need to be incentivized to align their interests with the society’s. Finally, we discuss how relaxing some of the assumptions of our model regarding costs or informativeness and heterogeneity of word of mouth may reduce the profit gap between seeding and the other models, and potentially lead to seeding becoming the preferred approach for the firm.
Saccadic Adaptation Is Associated with Starting Eye Position

Saccadic adaptation is the motor learning process that keeps saccade amplitudes on target. This process is eye position specific: amplitude adaptation that is induced for a saccade at one particular location in the visual field transfers incompletely to saccades at other locations. In our current study, we investigated wether this eye position signal corresponds to the initial or to the final eye position of the saccade. Each case would have different implications on the mechanisms of adaptation. The initial eye position is not directly available, when the adaptation driving post saccadic error signal is received. On the other hand the final eye position signal is not available, when the motor command for the saccade is calculated. In six human subjects we adapted a saccade of 15 degree amplitude that started at a constant position. We then measured the transfer of adaptation to test saccades of 10 and 20 degree amplitude. In each case we compared test saccades that matched the start position of the adapted saccade to those that matched the target of the adapted saccade. We found significantly more transfer of adaptation to test saccades with the same start position than to test saccades with the same target position. The results indicate that saccadic adaptation is specific to the initial eye position. This is consistent with a previously proposed effect of gain field modulated input from areas like the frontal eye field, the lateral intraparietal area and the superior colliculus into the cerebellar adaptation circuitry.
Prices or Knowledge? What Drives Demand for Financial Services in Emerging Markets?

This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Prices or knowledge? What drives demand for financial services in emerging markets? Conducted in 2008 in Indonesia. The study observed that financial development is critical for growth, but its micro determinants are not well understood. Financial literacy training has no impact on the probability of opening a bank account, although it does have an impact among those with low levels of education and financial literacy. A change from $3 to $14 led to a 7.6 percent increase in the probability of owning a bank account. The results hold two years after a study. Funding for the study derived from World Bank, HBS Division of Research and Faculty Development.
Land-Bridge Calibration of Molecular Clocks and the Post-Glacial Colonization of Scandinavia by the Eurasian Field Vole Microtus agrestis

Phylogeography interprets molecular genetic variation in a spatial and temporal context. Molecular clocks are frequently used to calibrate phylogeographic analyses, however there is mounting evidence that molecular rates decay over the relevant timescales. It is therefore essential that an appropriate rate is determined, consistent with the temporal scale of the specific analysis. This can be achieved by using temporally spaced data such as ancient DNA or by relating the divergence of lineages directly to contemporaneous external events of known time. Here we calibrate a Eurasian field vole (Microtus agrestis) mitochondrial genealogy from the well-established series of post-glacial geophysical changes that led to the formation of the Baltic Sea and the separation of the Scandinavian peninsula from the central European mainland. The field vole exhibits the common phylogeographic pattern of Scandinavian colonization from both the north and the south, however the southernmost of the two relevant lineages appears to have originated in situ on the Scandinavian peninsula, or possibly in the adjacent island of Zealand, around the close of the Younger Dryas. The mitochondrial substitution rate and the timescale for the genealogy are closely consistent with those obtained with a previous calibration, based on the separation of the British Isles from mainland Europe. However the result here is arguably more certain, given the level of confidence that can be placed in one of the central assumptions of the calibration, that field voles could not survive the last glaciation of the southern part of the Scandinavian peninsula. Furthermore, the similarity between the molecular clock rate estimated here and those obtained by sampling heterochronous (ancient) DNA (including that of a congeneric species) suggest that there is little disparity between the measured genetic divergence and the population divergence that is implicit in our land-bridge calibration.
Duality in Cyclical Trends in European Union Confirmed

This article differentiates the euro-economies in terms of the degree of synchronization with the cyclical position of Germany perceived herein as a hegemon economy. The purpose of this study is the identification of the euro-economies that can be identified as an effective monetary area in terms of similarity in economic structure with German economy. The cyclical position is expressed as an average of absolute values of differences of the output gaps between euro-countries and Germany. This procedure is supplemented by correlation and comparative analysis and with the assessment of empirical findings. Two groups are identified according to similarities in cyclical positions. Similar economic performance was ascertained in Austria, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Finland, the economies of which are thus labeled as an effective currency region in the sense of optimum currency area. The assessment of the future development in Eurozone is made taking into account the current political and economic circumstances and the outputs of empirical analyses.
The ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample - IV. The extended sample

We present a low-flux extension of the X-ray-selected ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample (BCS) published in Paper I of this series. Like the original BCS and employing an identical selection procedure, the BCS extension is compiled from ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) data in the northern hemisphere (δ≥0°) and at high Galactic latitudes (|b|≥20°). It comprises 99 X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies with measured redshifts z≤0.3 (as well as eight more at z>0.3) and total fluxes between 2.8×10−12 and 4.4×10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.1–2.4 keV band (the latter value being the flux limit of the original BCS). The extension can be combined with the main sample published in 1998 to form the homogeneously selected extended BCS (eBCS), the largest and statistically best understood cluster sample to emerge from the RASS to date. The nominal completeness of the combined sample (defined with respect to a power-law fit to the bright end of the BCS log N–log S distribution) is relatively low at 75 per cent (compared with 90 per cent for the high-flux sample of Paper I). However, just as for the original BCS, this incompleteness can be accurately quantified, and thus statistically corrected for, as a function of X-ray luminosity and redshift. In addition to its importance for improved statistical studies of the properties of clusters in the local Universe, the low-flux extension of the BCS is also intended to serve as a finding list for X-ray-bright clusters in the northern hemisphere which we hope will prove useful in the preparation of cluster observations with the next generation of X-ray telescopes such as Chandra and XMM-Newton. An electronic version of the eBCS can be obtained from the following URL: http://www.ifa. hawaii.edu/~ebeling/clusters/BCS.html.
Shape Similarity, Better than Semantic Membership, Accounts for the Structure of Visual Object Representations in a Population of Monkey Inferotemporal Neurons

The anterior inferotemporal cortex (IT) is the highest stage along the hierarchy of visual areas that, in primates, processes visual objects. Although several lines of evidence suggest that IT primarily represents visual shape information, some recent studies have argued that neuronal ensembles in IT code the semantic membership of visual objects (i.e., represent conceptual classes such as animate and inanimate objects). In this study, we investigated to what extent semantic, rather than purely visual information, is represented in IT by performing a multivariate analysis of IT responses to a set of visual objects. By relying on a variety of machine-learning approaches (including a cutting-edge clustering algorithm that has been recently developed in the domain of statistical physics), we found that, in most instances, IT representation of visual objects is accounted for by their similarity at the level of shape or, more surprisingly, low-level visual properties. Only in a few cases we observed IT representations of semantic classes that were not explainable by the visual similarity of their members. Overall, these findings reassert the primary function of IT as a conveyor of explicit visual shape information, and reveal that low-level visual properties are represented in IT to a greater extent than previously appreciated. In addition, our work demonstrates how combining a variety of state-of-the-art multivariate approaches, and carefully estimating the contribution of shape similarity to the representation of object categories, can substantially advance our understanding of neuronal coding of visual objects in cortex.
Joint Semantic Relevance Learning with Text Data and Graph Knowledge

Inferring semantic relevance among entities (e.g., entries of Wikipedia) is important and challenging. According to the information resources, the inference can be categorized into learning with either raw text data, or labeled text data (e.g., wiki page), or graph knowledge (e.g, WordNet). Although graph knowledge tends to be more reliable, text data is much less costly and offers a better coverage. We show in this paper that different resources are complementary and can be combined to improve semantic learning. Particularly, we present a joint learning approach that learns vectors of entities by leveraging resources of both text data and graph knowledge. The experiments conducted on the semantic relatedness task show that text-based learning works well on general domain tasks, however for tasks in specific domains, joint learning that involves both text data and graph knowledge offers significant improvement.
Towards an insider threat prediction specification language

Purpose – This paper presents the process of constructing a language tailored to describing insider threat incidents, for the purposes of mitigating threats originating from legitimate users in an IT infrastructure.Design/methodology/approach – Various information security surveys indicate that misuse by legitimate (insider) users has serious implications for the health of IT environments. A brief discussion of survey data and insider threat concepts is followed by an overview of existing research efforts to mitigate this particular problem. None of the existing insider threat mitigation frameworks provide facilities for systematically describing the elements of misuse incidents, and thus all threat mitigation frameworks could benefit from the existence of a domain specific language for describing legitimate user actions.Findings – The paper presents a language development methodology which centres upon ways to abstract the insider threat domain and approaches to encode the abstracted information into lan.
Improving outcomes for young people with type 1 diabetes

Objective: To systematically review the literature to identify interventions aiming to improve health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to evaluate their effectiveness. Methods: A search was undertaken to identify studies, published prior to 2016, evaluating interventions for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes which reported quality of life outcomes. An assessment of the risk of bias was undertaken to evaluate the quality of published evidence. Results: Twenty seven articles were identified. More than half were rated as “acceptable” or “high quality”. Significant beneficial effects on health-related quality of life outcomes were reported in 8 studies. Conclusions: Few interventions were designed to target quality of life outcomes. There is some evidence for the effectiveness of intensive structured education and coping skills training. Consideration should be given to developing theoretically informed interventions to target quality of life outcomes alongside other treatment related outcomes.
CLPsych 2016 Shared Task: Triaging content in online peer-support forums

This paper introduces a new shared task for the text mining community. It aims to directly support the moderators of a youth mental health forum by asking participants to automatically triage posts into one of four severity labels: green , amber , red or crisis . The task attracted 60 submissions from 15 different teams, the best of whom achieve scores well above baselines. Their approaches and results provide valuable insights to enable moderators of peer support forums to react quickly to the most urgent, concerning content.