Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histone deacetylase activity governs diastolic dysfunction through a nongenomic mechanism

The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 (givinostat) prevents diastolic dysfunction by enhancing cardiac myofibril relaxation. Deacetylation and diastolic dysfunction Systolic heart failure (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) manifests as insufficient blood pumping due to contractile dysfunction. Impaired cardiac relaxation also contributes to a form of heart failure termed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Jeong et al. tested whether histone deacetylase inhibition, which has shown efficacy in some models of systolic heart failure, could prevent diastolic dysfunction. Inhibitor treatment improved cardiac relaxation without altering blood pressure or fibrosis in rodent models of hypertension- and aging-induced diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. The authors determined that acetylation/deacetylation of myofibrils directly altered relaxation but not contraction, suggesting a mechanism for the development of diastolic dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target. There are no approved drugs for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which is characterized by left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. We demonstrate that ITF2357 (givinostat), a clinical-stage inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) catalytic activity, is efficacious in two distinct murine models of diastolic dysfunction with preserved EF. ITF2357 blocked LV diastolic dysfunction due to hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats and suppressed aging-induced diastolic dysfunction in normotensive mice. HDAC inhibitor–mediated efficacy was not due to lowering blood pressure or inhibiting cellular and molecular events commonly associated with diastolic dysfunction, including cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, or changes in cardiac titin and myosin isoform expression. Instead, ex vivo studies revealed impairment of cardiac myofibril relaxation as a previously unrecognized, myocyte-autonomous mechanism for diastolic dysfunction, which can be ameliorated by HDAC inhibition. Translating these findings to humans, cardiac myofibrils from patients with diastolic dysfunction and preserved EF also exhibited compromised relaxation. These data suggest that agents such as HDAC inhibitors, which potentiate cardiac myofibril relaxation, hold promise for the treatment of HFpEF in humans.
Discrimination of Gastrodia elata from Different Geographical Origin for Quality Evaluation Using Newly-Build Near Infrared Spectrum Coupled with Multivariate Analysis

Discrimination of Gastrodia elata (G. elata) geographical origin is of great importance to pharmaceutical companies and consumers in China. this paper focuses on the feasibility of near infrared spectrum (NIRS) combined multivariate analysis as a rapid and non-destructive method to prove its fit for this purpose. Firstly, 16 batches of G. elata samples from four main-cultivation regions in China were quantified by traditional HPLC method. It showed that samples from different origins could not be efficiently differentiated by the contents of four phenolic compounds in this study. Secondly, the raw near infrared (NIR) spectra of those samples were acquired and two different pattern recognition techniques were used to classify the geographical origins. The results showed that with spectral transformation optimized, discriminant analysis (DA) provided 97% and 99% correct classification for the calibration and validation sets of samples from discriminating of four different main-cultivation regions, and provided 98% and 99% correct classifications for the calibration and validation sets of samples from eight different cities, respectively, which all performed better than the principal component analysis (PCA) method. Thirdly, as phenolic compounds content (PCC) is highly related with the quality of G. elata, synergy interval partial least squares (Si-PLS) was applied to build the PCC prediction model. The coefficient of determination for prediction (Rp2) of the Si-PLS model was 0.9209, and root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) was 0.338. The two regions (4800 cm−1–5200 cm−1, and 5600 cm−1–6000 cm−1) selected by Si-PLS corresponded to the absorptions of aromatic ring in the basic phenolic structure. It can be concluded that NIR spectroscopy combined with PCA, DA and Si-PLS would be a potential tool to provide a reference for the quality control of G. elata.
A Study of Characteristics and Relationship Among Sexual Health Knowledge,Sexual Attitude and Sex-related Behavior in Chinese College Students

Objective: The study was to provide empirical evidence and implication for sexuality education intervention.Methods: 2644 full-time undergraduates in Anhui Province,Chongqing and Sichuan Province were surveyed by Sexual Health Knowledge Scale,Brief Sexual Attitude Scale and Sexual-related Behaviors Questionnaire.Results: ①Chinese college students seriously lacked of sexual health knowledge,girls performed worse;Chinese college students had uncertain and ambiguous attitude toward sexuality,girls were more conservative;Chinese college students had involved in some sexual activities,boys were more active than girls. ②Sexual attitude not only moderated but also partially mediated the influence of sexual health knowledge on sexual-related behavior in girl group;Sexual attitude partially mediated the effect of sexual health knowledge on sexual-related behavior in boy group.Conclusion: Chinese college students had very low sexual health knowledge level,uncertain sexual attitude and some sexual activities involvement with significant gender differences.Sexual attitude mediated and moderated the impact of sexual health knowledge on sexual behavior in girl group,while influence of sexual health knowledge on sexual behavior was only mediated by sexual attitude in boy group.
Unilateral Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy: A Syndrome Involving Upper Eyelid Retraction Distinguishable From the Aging Sunken Eyelid

Purpose: To study the effects of prostaglandin analogue drops on the eyelids and adnexa in unilaterally treated subjects with the intention of qualifying, quantifying, and categorizing the characteristics of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP). Methods: Patients using prostaglandin analogue drops in only 1 eye for at least 1 year were evaluated by masked examiners. Orbital and eyelid measurements were obtained for each patient, and adnexal photographs were taken. PAP was divided into 3 grades based on the presence and severity of fat atrophy and the existence and depth of superior sulcus deformity. Statistical analysis was performed comparing data between treated and untreated eyes. Results: Thirty-three patients meeting eligibility criteria were enrolled, with equal numbers of subjects using latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost. Treated eyes had a statistically significant increase in lagophthalmos (0.62 mm, p < 0.001), superior sulcus deformity/PAP grade (0.72, p < 0.001), and eyelid redness (1.08, p < 0.001). Treated eyes had significantly greater marginal reflex distance 1 measurements (0.89 mm, p = 0.02), highest with bimatoprost and moderate PAP. Treated eyes had relatively greater enophthalmos than untreated eyes. Very few patients noticed or complained about eyelid changes. Conclusion: Prostaglandin analogue drops cause adnexal changes and orbital fat atrophy leading to eyelid redness, superior sulcus deformity, higher eyelid crease, and enophthalmos. In contrast to previous studies showing ptosis in PAP, relative upper eyelid retraction was seen in most of our treated eyes. Our novel PAP grading scale may help objectify and categorize this syndrome. Awareness of these signs is critical, as the eyelids and eyes may be affected even in the absence of patient recognition.
Ability of the Multisensory Jawbone UP3 to Quantify and Classify Sleep in Patients With Suspected Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: A Comparison Against Polysomnography and Actigraphy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of a multisensory fitness tracker, the Jawbone UP3 (JB3), to quantify and classify sleep in patients with suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence. METHODS This study included 43 patients who completed polysomnography (PSG) and a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) with concurrent wrist-worn JB3 and Actiwatch 2 (AW2) recordings for comparison. Mean differences in nocturnal sleep architecture variables were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were derived for both devices relative to PSG. Ability of the JB3 to detect sleep onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) during MSLT naps was also quantified. RESULTS JB3 demonstrated a significant overestimation of total sleep time (39.6 min, P < .0001) relative to PSG, but performed comparably to AW2. Although the ability of the JB3 to detect epochs of sleep was relatively good (sensitivity = 0.97), its ability to distinguish light, deep, and REM sleep was poor. Similarly, the JB3 did not correctly identify a single SOREMP during any MSLT nap opportunity. CONCLUSIONS The JB3 did not accurately quantify or classify sleep in patients with suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence, and was particularly poor at identifying REM sleep. Thus, this device cannot be used as a surrogate for PSG or MSLT in the assessment of patients with suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence.
Diagnostic Accuracy of NICE Classification System for Optical Recognition of Predictive Morphology of Colorectal Polyps

The NICE classification is an international endoscopic classification of colorectal neoplasia through a narrowband spectrum that on the basis of lesion colors, vascular pattern, and structure of the surface of the mucous membrane classifies colorectal neoplasms in three categories: type 1 as hyperplastic lesions, type 2 as adenomas, and type 3 as invasive tumors. The aim of this study was to verify diagnostic accuracy of the NICE classification system compared to the reference standard: histopathological analysis. This retrospective study was conducted by ten physicians on a sequential sample of 418 patients and 735 polyps. The total diagnostic accuracy of the NICE classification system is found to be 76.7%. Optical recognition is significantly better with larger polyps, high-risk lesions (HGIEN), and neoplastic lesions. This research has shown that the NICE classification system is at the moment inferior to histopathological analysis. However, it is noticed that some physicians achieve significantly better results, with the accuracy of diagnosis ranging from 59.5% to 84.2%. These results show that with proper training of physicians and the use of endoscope enhancements to improve image quality, the NICE classification system could in the future potentially replace the histopathological diagnosis process.
The meaning of participation to stroke survivors: a qualitative study

Background/Aims: The effect of stroke can be all encompassing, and has an impact on significant roles in life. Assessing someone's level of participation is seen as essential to understanding the social impact of a disability on a person's life, and tailoring support accordingly. This study aimed to examine the meaning of participation to stroke survivors, in order to provide insight into the meaning of participation in the context of a stroke. Methods: A qualitative approach drawing on methods of phenomenology was used, with data collected via semi-structured interviews and a follow-up focus group. Analysis was undertaken using techniques of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: Six stroke survivors and six carers were interviewed, and four stroke survivors attended a focus group. Three main themes in relation to the meaning of participation were identified in the data: ‘being actively involved’; ‘making meaningful choices’; and ‘being me’. Conclusions: The work confirms the findings of pre.
Economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus complications among patients in the eastern region of Ghana: A descriptive cross-sectional cost-of-illness study

Objective: To assess the economic burden associated with the management of type 2 diabetes with complications from patients of the Eastern Regional Hospital’s Diabetic Clinic of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: The study is a descriptive cross sectional cost-of-illness study which was carried out in May, 2016 among 258 diabetes patients. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling and informed consent was signed. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered into Epi-Info version 7 and analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 13 and STATA version 13. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to determine statistical significance in cost difference. Total healthcare management cost was estimated and average cost determined. Intangible cost burden was analyzed using the 5-dimension Likert scale and the tertile descriptive statistics. Sensitivity analyses was conducted to test robustness of the cost estimates. Results: About 68% (n=175) of type 2 diabetes patients with complications were above 55 years. The estimated total healthcare management cost was US$9,980.62, with direct healthcare management cost constituting about 94%. The average healthcare management cost was US$38.68 (95% CI: 5.53-71.84). Patients on treatment for 5 years and above incurred significantly higher direct cost compared to those below 5 years, US$40.03 ± 40.71 (p<0.05). Patients incur moderate intangible cost burden. There was no statistically significant relationship between intangible cost burden and all the socio-demographic characteristics of patients. Conclusion: The findings suggest considerable economic burden associated with healthcare management of type 2 diabetes with complications, particularly in the elderly. The longer a patient stays with the disease, the significantly higher average direct cost incurred per month. Diabetes prevention strategies and, patient’s regular physical activities and proper dietary plan are highly recommended.
What is the epidemiology of medication errors, error-related adverse events and risk factors for errors in adults managed in community care contexts? A systematic review of the international literature

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of medication errors and error-related adverse events in adults in primary care, ambulatory care and patients’ homes. Design Systematic review. Data source Six international databases were searched for publications between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015. Data extraction and analysis Two researchers independently extracted data from eligible studies and assessed the quality of these using established instruments. Synthesis of data was informed by an appreciation of the medicines’ management process and the conceptual framework from the International Classification for Patient Safety. Results 60 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 53 studies focused on medication errors, 3 on error-related adverse events and 4 on risk factors only. The prevalence of prescribing errors was reported in 46 studies: prevalence estimates ranged widely from 2% to 94%. Inappropriate prescribing was the most common type of error reported. Only one study reported the prevalence of monitoring errors, finding that incomplete therapeutic/safety laboratory-test monitoring occurred in 73% of patients. The incidence of preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) was estimated as 15/1000 person-years, the prevalence of drug–drug interaction-related adverse drug reactions as 7% and the prevalence of preventable ADE as 0.4%. A number of patient, healthcare professional and medication-related risk factors were identified, including the number of medications used by the patient, increased patient age, the number of comorbidities, use of anticoagulants, cases where more than one physician was involved in patients’ care and care being provided by family physicians/general practitioners. Conclusion A very wide variation in the medication error and error-related adverse events rates is reported in the studies, this reflecting heterogeneity in the populations studied, study designs employed and outcomes evaluated. This review has identified important limitations and discrepancies in the methodologies used and gaps in the literature on the epidemiology and outcomes of medication errors in community settings.
Molecular Biological and Biochemical Studies on Avian Influenza Virus Receptors in Different Avian Species

Avian influenza viruses are considered to be the key contributors to the emergence of human influenza pandemics. A major determinant of infection is the presence of virus receptors on susceptible cells to which the viral haemagglutinin is able to bind. Avian viruses preferentially bind to sialic acid α 2,3-galactose (SA α 2,3-Gal) linked receptors, whereas human strains bind to sialic acid α 2,6-galactose (SA α 2,6-Gal) linked receptors. Although ducks are the major reservoir for influenza viruses, they are typically resistant to the effects of viral infection, in contrast to the frequently severe disease observed in chickens In order to understand whether differences in receptors might contribute to this observation, we studied the expression of influenza receptors in upper and lower respiratory organs of ducks and chickens (expression of ST3Gal-III sialyltransferase and ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase genes) using semi quantitative RT-PCR. There was a marked difference in the expression of primary receptor type in the trachea of chickens and ducks. In chicken trachea, SA α 2,6-Gal was the dominant receptor type whereas in ducks SA α 2,3Gal receptors were most abundant. This suggests that chickens could be more important as an intermediate host for the generation of influenza viruses with increased ability to bind to SA α 2,6-Gal receptors and thus greater potential for infection of humans. Chicken tracheal and intestinal epithelial cells also expressed a broader range of SA α 2,3Gal receptors in contrast to ducks, which suggests that they may be able to support infection with a broader range of avian influenza viruses. [Hussein I. El-Belbasi; Mohamed F. Dowidar and Safaa I. Khater. Molecular Biological and Biochemical Studies on Avian Influenza Virus Receptors in Different Avian Species. Life Science Journal. 2011; 8(1):44-51] (ISSN: 1097–8135).
PBRpredict-Suite: a suite of models to predict peptide-recognition domain residues from protein sequence

Motivation Machine learning plays a substantial role in bioscience owing to the explosive growth in sequence data and the challenging application of computational methods. Peptide-recognition domains (PRDs) are critical as they promote coupled-binding with short peptide-motifs of functional importance through transient interactions. It is challenging to build a reliable predictor of peptide-binding residue in proteins with diverse types of PRDs from protein sequence alone. On the other hand, it is vital to cope up with the sequencing speed and to broaden the scope of study. Results In this paper, we propose a machine-learning-based tool, named PBRpredict, to predict residues in peptide-binding domains from protein sequence alone. To develop a generic predictor, we train the models on peptide-binding residues of diverse types of domains. As inputs to the models, we use a high-dimensional feature set of chemical, structural and evolutionary information extracted from protein sequence. We carefully investigate six different state-of-the-art classification algorithms for this application. Finally, we use the stacked generalization approach to non-linearly combine a set of complementary base-level learners using a meta-level learner which outperformed the winner-takes-all approach. The proposed predictor is found competitive based on statistical evaluation. Availability and implementation PBRpredict-Suite software: http://cs.uno. edu/~tamjid/Software/PBRpredict/pbrpredict-suite.zip. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of high fat diet and bamboo extract supplement on anxiety-and depression-like neurobehaviors in mice

High fat diet is a major causative factor of overweight and obesity, which are associated with increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of bamboo extract (BEX) on anxietyand depression-like neurobehaviors in mice treated with a high fat diet. Male mice with CD-1 genetic background were treated for 2 months with either a standard or a high fat diet (10% or 45% calories from fat, respectively), with or without BEX supplement (11 g dry mass per 17 MJ). The anxiety levels of the mice were evaluated using open field and hole-board tests, and depression was measured using force swimming test. The anxiety responses of the animals were found significantly increased after high fat diet treatment, and this elevation was effectively abolished by BEX supplement. High fat diet seemed to have an anti-depressive effect in the mice at the tested time point, but the effect of BEX supplement on the depression level of the animals was not conclusive. High fat diet significantly decreased total glutathione content in the blood while BEX supplement increased glutathione oxidation. In summary, this study showed that decreased total glutathione concentration in the blood co-occurred with high fat treatment, high anxiety level and low depression level in the mice; and when supplemented in a high fat diet, BEX had anxiolytic effect in the mice.
Variations in outcomes by residential location for women with breast cancer: a systematic review

Objectives To systematically assess the evidence for variations in outcomes at each step along the breast cancer continuum of care for Australian women by residential location. Design Systematic review. Methods Systematic searches of peer-reviewed articles in English published from 1 January 1990 to 24 November 2017 using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Informit databases. Inclusion criteria were: population was adult female patients with breast cancer; Australian setting; outcome measure was survival, patient or tumour characteristics, screening rates or frequencies, clinical management, patterns of initial care or post-treatment follow-up with analysis by residential location or studies involving non-metropolitan women only. Included studies were critically appraised using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results Seventy-four quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Around 59% were considered high quality, 34% moderate and 7% low. No eligible studies examining treatment choices or post-treatment follow-up were identified. Non-metropolitan women consistently had poorer survival, with most of this differential being attributed to more advanced disease at diagnosis, treatment-related factors and socioeconomic disadvantage. Compared with metropolitan women, non-metropolitan women were more likely to live in disadvantaged areas and had differing clinical management and patterns of care. However, findings regarding geographical variations in tumour characteristics or diagnostic outcomes were inconsistent. Conclusions A general pattern of poorer survival and variations in clinical management for Australian female patients with breast cancer from non-metropolitan areas was evident. However, the wide variability in data sources, measures, study quality, time periods and geographical classification made direct comparisons across studies challenging. The review highlighted the need to promote standardisation of geographical classifications and increased comparability of data systems. It also identified key gaps in the existing literature including a lack of studies on advanced breast cancer, geographical variations in treatment choices from the perspective of patients and post-treatment follow-up.