Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk‐taking Behavior in Adolescents: The Paradigm a

The majority of adolescents emerge from the second decade of life relatively unscathed by serious social, psychological, or physical disability. I4 Risk behaviors are largely responsible for the negative health outcomes among the remaining significant minority of adolescents. The primary immediate threats to adolescent health are preventable behaviors such as substance use, dangerous vehicle use, and sexual behavior. Unhealthy eating behaviors have generally not been considered under the risk construct; however, there are many similarities between the traditional behaviors classified as risky and eating behaviors. These behaviors have a developmental trajectory as well. Typically, they increase in prevalence over the adolescent years,5 with rates of substance use, unhealthy eating behaviors, and injury-related behaviors peaking in late adolescents and declining in young adulthood.Gs These potentially healthdamaging behaviors, established during adolescence, often have lasting deleterious effects throughout the life span. There is considerable debate about whether these behaviors are risk-taking behaviors or just risky behaviors with negative health outcomes. A critical question continues to be debated: Does the risky nature of the behaviors initiated during adolescence in conjunction with their volitional nature imply that there is a conceptual link among the behaviors? A number of investigators and theorists argue that adolescent risk taking is a valid construct, although they disagree about its conceptual basis. Since the focus of these proceedings is Adolescent Nutritional Disorders, whenever possible the issues specifically related to eating and the associated behaviors will be highlighted. It is hard to pinpoint an absolute reason why adolescents are at increased risk for risky behavior and the associated negative nutritional outcomes. As with all health problems, there is a complex relationship among the host, the agent, and the environment that are associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors. This paper reviews the theoretical constructs that provide a framework for under-
Out-of equilibrium bids in auctions Wrong expectations or wrong bids ∗

Deviations from equilibrium bids in auctions can be related to inconsistent expectations with correct best replies (see Eyster and Rabin, 2005; Crawford and Iriberri, 2007) or correct expectations but small (perhaps quantal-response) mistakes in best replies (see Goeree et al., 2002). To distinguish between these two explanations we use a novel experimental procedure and study expectations together with best replies. We extensively test the internal validity of this setup. We ? nd that deviations from equilibrium bids do not seem to be due to wrong expectations but due to deviations from a best reply.
A Comparison of Pattern of Pregnancy Loss in Women with Infertility Undergoing IVF and Women with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriages Who Conceive Spontaneously

Objective. Women with infertility and recurrent miscarriages may have an overlapping etiology. The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy loss in pregnancies after IVF treatment with spontaneous pregnancies in women with recurrent miscarriages and to assess differences related to cause of infertility. Methods. The outcome from 1220 IVF pregnancies (Group I) was compared with 611 spontaneous pregnancies (Group II) in women with recurrent miscarriages. Subgroup analysis was performed in Group I based on cause of infertility: tubal factor (392 pregnancies); male factor (610 pregnancies); and unexplained infertility (218 pregnancies). Results. The clinical pregnancy loss rate in Group I (14.3%) was significantly lower than that of Group II (25.8%, p < 0.001) and this was independent of the cause of infertility. However the timing of pregnancy loss was similar between Groups I and II. The clinical pregnancy loss rate in Group I was similar in different causes of infertility. Conclusions. The clinical pregnancy loss rate following IVF treatment is lower than that of women with unexplained recurrent miscarriages who conceived spontaneously. This difference persists whether the infertility is secondary to tubal factors, male factors, or unexplained cause.
Expression Profile of Cancer-Testis Genes in 121 Human Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Adjacent Normal Tissue

Purpose: Among tumor antigens identified to date, cancer-testis (CT) antigens, which are coded by CT genes, are identified as a group of highly attractive targets for cancer vaccines. This study is the first to analyze the mRNA expression and possible correlation with pathologic characteristics of multiple CT genes in a large cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Experimental Design: The expression of 10 individual CT genes in 121 CRC and adjacent tissues were analyzed by RT-PCR method. The presence of autologous antibodies against NY-ESO-1 was examined in serum samples by ELISA. To confirm the protein expression, immunohistochemistry was done for detecting the NY-ESO-1 antigen in mRNA-positive CRC tissues. Results: The CT genes were detected with various frequencies in CRC tissue, SCP-1, 1.7%; SSX-2, 2.5%; SSX-4, 2.5%; SSX-1, 5.0%; CT10, 6.6%; NY-ESO-1, 9.9%; MAGE-1, 11.6%; LAGE-1, 15.7%; MAGE-4, 22.3%; and MAGE-3, 27.3%. In 56.2% of tumor tissues examined in this study, at least one CT gene was detected. In contrast, no CT gene expression was found in cancer adjacent tissues. Among 10 CT genes investigated, NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 are of particular interest because their mRNA expression in CRC was rarely reported before. In our study, NY-ESO-1 mRNA was found to express in 9.9% of the samples, and also correlated significantly with stages (P = 0.041) and local lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002). In addition, we also identified one NY-ESO-1 antibody–positive serum sample. MAGE-4 mRNA was expressed at a high frequency in tumor tissues with vessel emboli samples (P = 0.025). Conclusions: These results suggested that CT genes, especially NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1, do express in CRC. More than 50% of the CRC patients in this study express at least one CT gene, making them eligible for CT vaccination. NY-ESO-1 gene may serve as a marker for local metastasis and advanced disease. MAGE-4 gene is significantly associated with the vessel emboli.
The Impact of Visual Merchandising on Impulse Buying Behavior of Consumer: A Case from Central Mall of Ahmedabad India

Apparel industry in India is booming and there is fierce competition among various players in apparel segment in terms of lifestyle format. The study is aimed to find out impact of various dimensions of visual merchandising on impulse buying behavior of the customers visiting “Central Malls”. Four dimensions of visual merchandising viz. window display, in-store form/mannequin display, floor merchandising and promotional signage are studied and its impact on impulse buying behavior is found out. The results reveal that certain dimensions of visual merchandising do affect impulse purchase. Hence, visual merchandising is important for strategic marketing decisions to increase the sales of the stores. The full paper is uploaded for the ready reference of the researchers. The copyright of the paper rests with the publishers who have made full paper available on the internet. For the commercial use of this paper permission from the publisher is needed.
Definitive Sun-as-a-star p-mode frequencies: 23 years of BiSON observations

We present a list of 'best possible' estimates of low-degree p-mode frequencies from 8640 days of observations made by the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON). This is the longest stretch of helioseismic data ever used for this purpose, giving exquisite precision in the estimated frequencies. Every effort has been made in the analysis to ensure that the frequency estimates are also accurate. In addition to presenting the raw best-fitting frequencies from our 'peak-bagging' analysis, we also provide tables of corrected frequencies pertinent to the quiet-Sun and an intermediate level of solar activity.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences the Porous Boundaries between Explicit and Implicit Memory: Behavioral and Neural Evidence

Explicit memory refers to the conscious retrieval of past information or experiences, whereas implicit memory refers to an unintentional or nonconscious form of retrieval. Much of the literature in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience has focused on differences between explicit and implicit memory, and the traditional view is that they rely on distinct brain systems. However, the potential interplay between implicit and explicit memory is not always clear. This review draws from behavioral and functional neuroimaging evidence to evaluate three areas in which implicit and explicit memory may be interrelated. First, we discuss views of familiarity-based recognition in terms of its relationship with implicit memory. Second, we review the challenges of distinguishing between implicit memory and involuntary aware memory, at both behavioral and neural levels. Finally, we examine evidence indicating that implicit and explicit retrieval of relational information may rely on a common neural mechanism. Taken together, these areas indicate that, under certain circumstances, there may be an important and influential relationship between conscious and nonconscious expressions of memory.
Dynamic Stall Control on the Wind Turbine Airfoil via a Co-Flow Jet

Dynamic stall control of a S809 airfoil is numerically investigated by implementing a co-flow jet (CFJ). The numerical methods of the solver are validated by comparing results with the baseline experiment as well as a NACA 6415-based CFJ experiment, showing good agreement in both static and dynamic characteristics. The CFJ airfoil with inactive jet is simulated to study the impact that the jet channel imposes upon the dynamic characteristics. It is shown that the presence of a long jet channel could cause a negative effect of decreasing lift and increasing drag, leading to fluctuating extreme loads in terms of drag and moment. The main focus of the present research is the investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the CFJ airfoil with three different jet momentum coefficients, which are compared with the baseline, giving encouraging results. Dynamic stall can be greatly suppressed, showing a very good control performance of significantly increased lift and reduced drag and moment. Analysis of the amplitude of variation in the aerodynamic coefficients indicates that the fluctuating extreme aerodynamic loads are significantly alleviated, which is conducive to structural reliability and improved life cycle. The energy consumption analysis shows that the CFJ concept is applicable and economical in controlling dynamic stall.
DRPEER: A Motif in the Extracellular Vestibule Conferring High Ca2+ Flux Rates in NMDA Receptor Channels

The high flux rate of Ca2+ through NMDA receptor (NMDAR) channels is critical for their biological function and may depend on a Ca2+ binding site in the extracellular vestibule. We screened substitutions of hydrophilic residues exposed in the vestibule and identified a cluster of charged residues and a proline, the DRPEER motif, positioned C terminal to M3, that is unique to the NR1 subunit. Charge neutralization or conversion of residues in DRPEER altered fractional Ca2+ currents in a manner consistent with its forming a binding site for Ca2+. Similarly, in a mutant channel in which all of the negative charges are neutralized (ARPAAR), the block by extracellular Ca2+ of single-channel current amplitudes is attenuated. In these same channels, the block by extracellular Mg2+ is unaffected. DRPEER is located extracellularly, and its contribution to Ca2+ influx is distinct from that of the narrow constriction. We conclude that key residues in DRPEER, acting as an external binding site for Ca2+, along with a conserved asparagine in the M3 segment proper, contribute to the high fractional Ca2+ currents in these channels under physiological conditions. Therefore, these domains represent critical molecular determinants of NMDAR function in synaptic physiology.
Decision Making: SOURCES OF BIAS IN ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR UTILITY FUNCTIONS

Utility functions are an important component of normative decision analysis, in that they characterize the nature of people's risk-taking attitudes. In this paper we examine various factors that make it difficult to speak of the utility function for a given person. Similarly we show that it is questionable to pool risk-propensity data across studies (for descriptive purposes) that differ in the elicitation methods employed. The following five sources of bias or indeterminacy are hypothesized and demonstrated. First, certainty equivalence methods generally yield greater risk-seeking than probability equivalence methods. Second, the probability and outcome levels used in reference lotteries induce systematic bias. Third, combining gain and loss domains yields different utility measures than separate examinations of the two domains. Fourth, whether a risk is assumed or transferred away exerts a significant influence on people's preferences in ways counter to expected utility theory. Finally, context or framing differences strongly affect choice in a nonnormative manner. The above five factors are first discussed as essential choices to be made by the decision scientist in constructing Von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions. Next, each is examined separately in view of existing literature, and demonstrated via experiments. The emerging picture is that basic preferences under uncertainty exhibit serious incompatibilities with traditional expected utility theory. An important implication of this paper is to commence development of a systematic theory of utility encoding which incorporates the many information processing effects that influence people's expressed risk preferences.
The Effect of Black Male Imprisonment on Black Child Poverty 1

From the early 1980s through 2000, the number and the percentage of African American men in prison skyrocketed. This would be expected to have negative impacts on Black well-being, but Black child poverty generally decreased during this period. Using data from the U.S. Prison Census and the Current Population Survey for the period from 1983-1998, we examine the effects of Black male imprisonment on the household composition, income and poverty of Black children. Regressions of outcomes on imprisonment control for unobserved effects of time and place with fixed effect models including dummy variables for state and year. As the effects of imprisonment may be delayed, lags of one to six years are examined; the effects of imprisonment on child poverty are highest with 3-6 years lag. Tests for interactions reveal that high imprisonment rates are associated with improved outcomes for children whose mothers have at least some college, but worse outcomes for children whose mothers are less educated. For the children of the least educated, imprisonment raises poverty through two paths. First, after lags long enough to permit exits from short prison sentences, high imprisonment lowers the incomes of less-educated two-parent families. Second, after lags of 4-6 years, high imprisonment rates are associated with higher rates of children having mothers with less than high school education; this, in turn, is associated with higher rates of single-parent families and with lower incomes for both singleand twoparent families. Results demonstrate the indirect ways in which criminal justice policy has affected poor families and also highlight the ways in which the differential effects of imprisonment on different subgroups of African Americans has masked some of the consequences of these policies. Incarceration has become a major factor in the social and economic structure of the United States, especially for African Americans. From the early 1980s through 2000, the number and the percentage of African Americans in prison skyrocketed. By 2000, 12% of Black men in their twenties were incarcerated, and over 20% of Black men ages 25-44 had been in prison at least once (Bonczar 2003). Previous sociological theory and research on the correlates of poverty, as well as common sense, suggest that removing substantial numbers of African American men from the labor force would be associated with increases in African American child poverty. Nevertheless, the simple time trends seem to contradict this intuition. The poverty rate for all Black children declined from 42 percent in 1980 to 30 percent in 2000, and the Black-White gap in poverty narrowed somewhat. Much of this decline occurred during the economic expansion of the later half 1 Partial funding for this research was provided by NSF grant SPS 0136833. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Kiyohara Et Al. -1- Apoe and Cyp2e1 Polymorphisms, Alcohol Consumption, and Parkinson's Disease in a Japanese Population Concise Title: Apoe and Cyp2e1 Polymorphisms and Pd Risk

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is associated with increased oxidative stress, which is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity may also increase formation of neurotoxins such as ROS. As Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, both the APOE and CYP2E1 genes that are involved in neurodegeneration by oxidative stress may be associated with PD risk. We investigated the relationship of the APOE and CYP2E1 rs2864987 polymorphisms and PD risk with special attention to the interaction with alcohol consumption among 238 patients with PD and 296 controls in a Japanese population. The frequencies of the ɛ 2, ɛ 3and ɛ 4 alleles of the APOE polymorphism among controls were 3.72, 86.7 and 9.63%, respectively. As compared with the APOE ε3/ε3genotype, the 2/ε4 genotype was associated with an increased risk of PD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 9.50, 95% (confidence interval) CI = 1.12 80.6). The presence of the ε3 allele was associated with a decreased risk of PD. Meanwhile, CYP2E1 rs2864987 was not associated with PD risk. Although CYP2E1 is involved in the metabolism of alcohol, there was no evidence of interaction between alcohol consumption and CYP2E1 rs2864987. Our results suggested that the APOE polymorphism might play an important role in PD susceptibility in our Japanese population. Future studies involving larger control and case populations and better alcohol consumption histories will undoubtedly lead to a more thorough understanding of the role of polymorphisms of genes related to the generation of ROS in PD development.
Intertemporal Risk-Return Trade-Off in Foreign Exchange Rates

We investigate the intertemporal risk-return trade-off of foreign ex- change (FX) rates for ten currencies quoted against the USD. For each currency, we use three risk measures simultaneously that pertain to that currency; its realized volatility, its realized skewness, and its value-at-risk. We apply monthly FX excess returns and monthly FX risk measures calculated from daily observations. We find that there is a positive and signi? cant contemporaneous risk-return trade-off for most currencies. There is no evidence of noncontemporaneous risk-return trade-off. The risk-return trade-off changes during the recent financial crisis in that it becomes nonexistent for several currencies and negative for others.
Cosmological parameters from observational data on the large scale structure of the Universe

The observational data on the large scale structure (LSS) of the Universe are used to determine cosmological parameters within the class of adiabatic inflationary models. We show that a mixed dark matter model with cosmological constant ($\Lambda$MDM model) and parameters $\Omega_m=0.37^{+0.25}_{-0.15}$, $\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.69^{+0.15}_{-0.20}$, $\Omega_{\nu}=0.03^{+0.07}_{-0.03}$, $N_{\nu}=1$, $\Omega_b=0.037^{+0.033}_{-0.018}$, $n_s=1.02^{+0.09}_{-0.10}$, $h=0.71^{+0.22}_{-0.19}$, $b_{cl}=2.4^{+0.7}_{-0.7}$ (1$\sigma$ confidence limits) matches observational data on LSS, the nucleosynthesis constraint, direct measurements of the Hubble constant, the high redshift supernova type Ia results and the recent measurements of the location and amplitude of the first acoustic peak in the CMB anisotropy power spectrum. The best model is $\Lambda$ dominated (65% of the total energy density) and has slightly positive curvature, $\Omega=1.06$. The clustered matter consists in 8% massive neutrinos, 10% baryons and 82% cold dark matter (CDM). It is shown that the LSS observations together with the Boomerang (+MAXIMA-1) data on the first acoustic peak rule out zero-$\Lambda$ models at more than $2\sigma$ confidence level.
Direct and trap-assisted elastic tunneling through ultrathin gate oxides

The direct and assisted-by-trap elastic tunnel current in metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors with ultrathin gate oxide (1.5–3.6 nm) has been studied. Bardeen’s method has been adapted to obtain the assisted tunnel current, in addition to the direct tunnel current. The dependence of the assisted current on the trap distribution in energy has also been analyzed. This allows us to obtain the trap distribution in energy from experimental current curves. Finally, we have analyzed the role of the image force, the inclusion of which can avoid a barrier height dependence on the oxide thickness.
Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster

By utilizing the large multiplexing advantage of the Two-degree Field spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope, we have been able to obtain a complete spectroscopic sample of all objects in a predefined magnitude range, 16.5 < bj < 19.7, regardless of morphology, in an area toward the center of the Fornax Cluster of galaxies. Among the unresolved or marginally resolved targets, we have found five objects that are actually at the redshift of the Fornax Cluster; i.e., they are extremely compact dwarf galaxies or extremely large star clusters. All five have absorption-line spectra. With intrinsic sizes of less than 1. ″1 HWHM (corresponding to approximately 100 pc at the distance of the cluster), they are more compact and significantly less luminous than other known compact dwarf galaxies, yet much brighter than any globular cluster. In this paper we present new ground-based optical observations of these enigmatic objects. In addition to having extremely high central surface brightnesses, these objects show no evidence of any surrounding low surface brightness envelopes down to much fainter limits than is the case for, e.g., nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxies. Thus, if they are not merely the stripped remains of some other type of galaxy, then they appear to have properties unlike any previously known type of stellar system.