Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of insight among outpatients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the prevalence of lack of insight among outpatients with schizophrenia and the relationship between lack of insight and other variables, including whether patients received professional residential supervision. METHODS A total of 87 stable outpatients with schizophrenia were drawn from community programs in a public-private mental health system. Subjects' clinical symptoms and insight about their illness were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, a battery of neuropsychological tests, and the Social Functioning Scale. RESULTS The illness insight of 43 subjects, or 49.5 percent, was at least moderately impaired. Twenty-one subjects, or 25 percent, had severe insight deficits. In a multiple regression analysis, 40 percent of the variance in lack of insight was predicted by ratings of the severity of delusions, difficulty with abstract thinking, lack of social activities, and absence of anxiety. Patients who received professional residential supervision had more impaired insight than those living independently or with family. CONCLUSIONS Insight deficits are common among stable outpatients engaged in community-based care. These deficits have implications for patients' use of limited services such as residential supervision.
Recreation boating spatial patterns: Theory and management

Abstract The activity patterns of recreation boating on an intensively used small urban lake are measured. Matrix maps were used to collect data and to analyze the results. Distinct patterns were observed, with competition for space and conflict among different types of boats. A theory of reciprocal choreography is proposed to help explain the findings. Management options are proposed.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Sosyal İletişim Becerileri ile Öğretmenlerin Motivasyon Düzeyleri Arasindaki İlişki * Relationship between School Administrators' Social Communication Skills and Teachers' Motivation

In this study, we intend to detect the relationship between the social communication skills of the school administrators serving in secondary schools and motivation levels of branch teachers according to the gender, expertise and seniority variables of the teachers. The study is a quantitative study in relationship survey model. The study population consists of a total of 531 teachers serving in Turkish, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Studies and English branches in secondary schools in the central district of Sivas. 211 teachers who are selected by cluster sampling method constitute, on the other hand, the sample of the study. Pearson's correlation was used in the analysis of the data obtained at the end of the study. According to study findings, it was found that there was a high level, positive and significant relationship between social communication skills of school administrators serving in secondary schools and the motivation of branch teachers and that such relationship occurs in different levels according to the gender, expertise and seniority variables of the teachers.
The effects of expert scaffolding in elementary science professional development on teachers’ beliefs and motivations, instructional practices, and student achievement.

Curriculum materials explicitly designed to foster teacher learning represent a prominent route to professional development (PD) for teachers. However, it is unclear whether PD can be delivered successfully in the form of teacher self-study of curriculum materials, or whether it has to be scaffolded additionally by an expert. This study investigated effects of expert scaffolding in science-related PD for elementary school teachers with regard to proximal teacher outcomes (i.e., teacher beliefs and motivations), instructional quality, and student achievement. Moreover, mediation of PD effects through proximal teacher outcomes and teachers’ instruction was examined. Seventy-three teachers and 1,039 students participated in the study. Expert scaffolding was implemented in a 3-tiered way: A first group (18 teachers) received PD with extensive scaffolding, a second group (18 teachers) was provided with reduced expert scaffolding, and a third group (18 teachers) received no expert scaffolding and was provided with the curriculum materials only (self-study group). A baseline group (19 teachers) did not participate in science-related PD and completed questionnaires on teacher outcomes only. Scaffolded PD was significantly superior to PD through self-study in terms of teacher beliefs and motivation, instructional quality, and student achievement. Contrary to our hypothesis, PD effects on student learning were mediated only to a small extent by teacher beliefs. However, teachers’ instruction emerged as a substantial mediator of PD effects on student achievement. The results highlight the advantages of additional expert scaffolding in PD based on curriculum materials for the preparation of elementary school teachers for teaching science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Hyperinsulinemia predicts fatal liver cancer but is inversely associated with fatal cancer at some other sites: the Paris Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether insulin is a risk factor for death by site-specific cancers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 6,237 nondiabetic French working men between ages 44 and 55 years at baseline from the Paris Prospective Study cohort. Death by site-specific cancers was investigated in relation to baseline insulin concentrations during fasting and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Of the original 6,237 men in the cohort, 1.739 died over the 23.8 years of follow-up. 778 (45%) from cancer. Baseline hyperinsulinemia, both fasting and 2-h, was significantly associated with fatal liver cancer, with age-adjusted standardized hazards ratios of 2.72 (95% CI 1.87-3.94) and 3.41 (2.23-5.21). In contrast, fasting hyperinsulinemia was inversely associated with fatal lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancer and larynx cancer, with hazards ratios of 0.55 (0.41-0.75) and 0.63 (0.47-0.83), respectively; 2-h insulin concentrations were inversely associated with stomach and larynx cancers (hazards ratios 0.62 [0.43-0.90] and 0.66 [0.50-0.891, rcspectively). These relationships were stable after adjusting for other risk factors. Insulin concentrations remained negatively associated with deaths from these cancers in analyses restricted to men who smoked and in those who were not chronic alcohol consumers.
Heterologous interference in Aedes albopictus cells infected with alphaviruses

Maximum amounts of 42S and 26S single-stranded viral RNA and viral structural proteins were synthesized in Aedes albopictus cells at 24 h after Sindbis virus infection. Thereafter, viral RNA and protein syntheses were inhibited. By 3 days postinfection, only small quantities of 42S RNA and no detectable 26S RNA or structural proteins were synthesized in infected cells. Superinfection of A. albopictus cells 3 days after Sindbis virus infection with Sindbis, Semliki Forest, Una, or Chikungunya alphavirus did not lead to the synthesis of intracellular 26S viral RNA. In contrast, infection with snowshoe hare virus, a bunyavirus, induced the synthesis of snowshoe hare virus RNA in both A. Ablpictus cells 3 days after Sindbis virus infection and previously uninfected mosquito cells. These results suggested that at 3 days after infection with Sindbis virus, mosquito cells restricted the replication of both homologous and heterologous alphaviruses but remained susceptible to infection with a bunyavirus. In superinfection experiments the the alphaviruses were differentiated on the basis of plaque morphology and the electrophoretic mobility of their intracellular 26S viral RNA species. Thus, it was shown that within 1 h after infection with eigher Sindbis or Chikungunya virus, A. albopictus cells were resistant to superinfection with Sindbis, Chikungunya, Una, and Semliki Forest viruses. Infected cultures were resistant to superinfection with the homologous virus indefinitely, but maximum resistance to superinfection with heterologous alphaviruses lasted for approximately 8 days. After that time, infected cultures supported the replication of heterologous alphaviruses to the same extent as did persistently infected cultures established months previously. However, the titer of heterologous alphavirus produced after superinfection of persistently infected cultures was 10- to 50-fold less than that produced by an equal number of previously uninfected A. albopictus cells. Only a small proportion (8 to 10%) of the cells in a persistently infected culture was capable of supporting the replication of a heterologous alphavirus.
EMOTION PROCESSING IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDERS

This study examined relationships between the ability to recognize facial affect and affective intensity in women with Borderline Personality Disorder. Women hospitalized with borderline personality disorder and community women without psychiatric disorder (n s = 35/group) were recruited via convenience sampling. The Pictures of Facial Affect and the Affect Intensity Measure were administered to consenting women. Hypotheses related to differences in recognizing facial affect were supported, but further exploration indicated that selected negative emotions accounted for the statistical significance. Implications for practice and research are explored.
Pro12Ala Polymorphism of the PPAR&ggr;2 Gene Interacts With a Mediterranean Diet to Prevent Telomere Shortening in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA Randomized Trial

Background—The gene variant Pro/Ala (rs1801282) in the PPAR&ggr;2 has been associated with lower cardiovascular risk and greater benefit from lifestyle interventions. This polymorphism also seems to be associated with longer lifespan, but no information on telomere length (TL) is available. Our aim was to study the association between the Ala allele and changes in TL in high cardiovascular risk subjects and the potential interaction with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Methods and Results—A total of 521 subjects (55–80 years) participating in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea randomized trial were genotyped. Changes in TL, measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were assessed over 5 years of a nutritional intervention, which promoted adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Interestingly, Ala carriers showed lower telomere shortening after 5 years compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P=0.031). This association was modulated by MeDiet because those Ala carriers who reported better conformity to the MeDiet exhibited increased TL (P<0.001). Moreover, a reduction in carbohydrate intake (⩽9.5 g/d) resulted in increased TL among Ala carriers. Notably, an apparent gene–diet interaction was found through the observed changes in the MUFA+PUFA/carbohydrates ratio: as this ratio increased, TL lengthening was detected to a greater extent in the Ala carriers compared with the Pro/Pro subjects (P for interaction <0.001). Conclusions—The Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with TL homeostasis after 5 years follow-up in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, a higher adherence to the MeDiet pattern strengthens the prevention of telomere shortening among Ala carriers. Clinical Trial Registration—www.controlled-trials.com; Unique Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
A Comparison of Demographic and Psychosexual Characteristics of Women With Primary Versus Secondary Provoked Vestibulodynia

Objectives:Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a distressing genital pain condition affecting approximately 12% of premenopausal women. It has been speculated that primary (ie, lifelong) and secondary (ie, acquired) PVD may represent 2 distinct conditions with different etiologies. There is also evidence that primary and secondary PVD subtypes may respond differently to conventional treatments. The goal of this study was to compare the demographic, clinical, and psychosexual characteristics of a large sample of premenopausal women with primary and secondary PVD. Methods:A total of 132 premenopausal women (n=42 primary; n=90 secondary) with PVD who sought treatment in a Multidisciplinary Vulvodynia Program completed demographic questions and a battery of validated self-report measures before treatment. Results:Women with primary PVD had a longer duration of PVD as well as more time before diagnosis. Women with secondary PVD reported significantly more clitoral hood pain, higher overall vestibular pain levels, more overall sexual dysfunction and sex-related distress, and proportionately more intercourse occasions that were painful. Women with primary pain stated they had significantly more dysmenorrhea and were more likely to report that their partners were unaware of their PVD symptoms. There were no significant subtype differences on any psychological measure but a trend towards higher magnification of symptoms in women with secondary PVD. Discussion:Overall the findings suggest some important differences in the characteristics of women with primary versus secondary PVD which may have management-related implications.
Gaining acceptance: Discourses on training and qualifications in peer support

The debate relating to formal qualifications for peer support in mental health reflects conflicting ideas about the nature of this new occupation. Three discourses among peer supporters/peer support managers in New Zealand are identified in relation to training and qualifications. The health professionalism discourse sees peer support as a set of tools which can be developed through education and training. The grassroots discourse holds onto the non-hierarchical, nonprofessional and inclusive nature of peer support as a form of relational 'common sense'. The transformational peer support discourse sees peer support training as potentially instigating radical revisioning within one's life journey. While seeing peer support training as crucial, its proponents are circumspect about formal qualifications in mental health. This article identifies these three discourses, discusses them in relation to the development of peer support as a new occupation, and draws a comparison with the professionalisation of counselling in the 20th century.
French imperatives, negative ne, and non-subject clitics1

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the behaviour of negation and clitics in the context of French imperatives. Standard descriptions contrast positive Fais-le ! (with enclisis) with negative (Ne) le fais pas ! (with proclisis). I adopt a view of imperatives in terms of a pragmatic irrealis mood feature associated with Rizzi's (1997) exploded CP and defective/impoverished morphology which allows inflection and irrealis mood features to be checked on a single functional head. Thus, positive imperatives can check all their grammatical features before merger of any clitics, which (following Shlonsky, 2004) will therefore be enclitic. The presence of negation, when realised as a grammatical feature on an (overt or null) functional head within the clausal trunk, prevents this from happening because negation intervenes between the relevant inflection and mood features in the universal hierarchy underlying the Rizzi/Cinque exploded CP/IP. Outside cliticisation contexts, the difference has no surface impact: Viens ! vs. (Ne) viens pas ! In cliticisation contexts, in contrast, there is a surface difference: negative imperatives cannot check all their inflectional features at the point at which clitics are merged, and clitics will not therefore be enclitic. Regionally/stylistically marked forms like Fais-le pas ! , in which proclisis and negation co-occur, must be deemed to have a radically different structure, with no negative feature projected within the inflectional domain. Such forms are argued to be a natural (and therefore expected) innovation within Jespersen's cycle of diachronic development.
Ethnic gatekeeping on the shopfloor: a study of bases, motives and approaches

Recent contributions on the discrimination of black and minority ethnic (BME) groups in organizations have suggested that overt forms of discrimination are now ‘old-fashioned’ and researchers are urged to focus on identifying different, ‘modern’ forms of discrimination. These are, however, set against studies that continue to report evidence of overt racism in organizations. This article argues that it may be premature and potentially counterproductive to celebrate the demise of overt discrimination in that such binary classification (‘old-fashioned’ and ‘modern’) may discourage efforts to investigate the full gamut of experiences of BME groups. The article contends that additional insights will be gained by concurrently studying not only the victims and the perpetrators of discrimination but also the organizational context in which discrimination occurs. Through the theoretical lens of gatekeeping, the article presents evidence of shopfloor discrimination against BME groups that is neither fully overt nor entirely covert.
Direct 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing from Clinical Specimens, with Special Focus on Polybacterial Samples and Interpretation of Mixed DNA Chromatograms

ABSTRACT RipSeq (iSentio, Bergen, Norway) is a web-based application for the analysis of mixed DNA chromatograms. It opens the possibility to analyze chromatograms obtained by direct 16S rRNA gene sequencing from polybacterial human clinical samples. In this study, we used direct 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate 264 samples from a wide range of suspected human bacterial infections. The sequence-based identification was compared with the results from routine culture-based identification. A total of 151 samples were positive by the first PCR, producing 85 pure and 66 mixed DNA chromatograms. All mixed chromatograms were analyzed by RipSeq, although seven were so complex that only the dominant bacterial sequences could be identified. In general, sequence-based identification detected a larger number of species than did culture for samples from patients who had received antibiotics prior to sample collection and for samples containing anaerobic bacteria. RipSeq made it possible to apply this supplementary diagnostic tool to typical polybacterial specimens, such as internal abscesses, pleural fluids, and bile.
An existential model of oral health from evolving views on health, function and disability.

OBJECTIVE This study explores the evolution of conceptual frameworks and models of health and disability to construct an explanatory model of oral health. RESULTS The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps adopted by the WHO is based largely on social role theory and a utilitarian tradition portraying disablement as a negative and socially unacceptable consequence of impairment. It has been the major conceptual influence on the construction of psychometric tools for dentistry. However current views of chronic disease are refocused on the influence of coping strategies used by people to prevent or limit disability and handicap. Consequently, the WHO adopted the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as an alternative description of health and health-related states based on an existentialist view of the body, the person and society. In addition, an ethnographic exploration has identified three major domains of oral health--oral hygiene, comfort and general health--that dominate the opinions of people with oral impairments. CONCLUSIONS Application of the framework and language of the ICF to the major domains of oral health provides the basis for a new biopsychosocial model of oral health, function and disablement.
Next-generation sequencing facilitates quantitative analysis of wild-type and Nrl−/− retinal transcriptomes

Purpose Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized systems-based analysis of cellular pathways. The goals of this study are to compare NGS-derived retinal transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) to microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) methods and to evaluate protocols for optimal high-throughput data analysis. Methods Retinal mRNA profiles of 21-day-old wild-type (WT) and neural retina leucine zipper knockout (Nrl−/−) mice were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina GAIIx. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level with two methods: Burrows–Wheeler Aligner (BWA) followed by ANOVA (ANOVA) and TopHat followed by Cufflinks. qRT–PCR validation was performed using TaqMan and SYBR Green assays. Results Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped about 30 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm9) and identified 16,014 transcripts in the retinas of WT and Nrl−/− mice with BWA workflow and 34,115 transcripts with TopHat workflow. RNA-seq data confirmed stable expression of 25 known housekeeping genes, and 12 of these were validated with qRT–PCR. RNA-seq data had a linear relationship with qRT–PCR for more than four orders of magnitude and a goodness of fit (R2) of 0.8798. Approximately 10% of the transcripts showed differential expression between the WT and Nrl−/− retina, with a fold change ≥1.5 and p value <0.05. Altered expression of 25 genes was confirmed with qRT–PCR, demonstrating the high degree of sensitivity of the RNA-seq method. Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes uncovered several as yet uncharacterized genes that may contribute to retinal function. Data analysis with BWA and TopHat workflows revealed a significant overlap yet provided complementary insights in transcriptome profiling. Conclusions Our study represents the first detailed analysis of retinal transcriptomes, with biologic replicates, generated by RNA-seq technology. The optimized data analysis workflows reported here should provide a framework for comparative investigations of expression profiles. Our results show that NGS offers a comprehensive and more accurate quantitative and qualitative evaluation of mRNA content within a cell or tissue. We conclude that RNA-seq based transcriptome characterization would expedite genetic network analyses and permit the dissection of complex biologic functions.
Clinical Utility of the Adrenocorticotropin Stimulation Test with/without Dexamethasone Suppression for Definitive and Subtype Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism

The adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation test (AST) has been reported to be useful for diagnosing primary aldosteronism (PA), particularly for differentiating PA subtypes under 1-mg dexamethasone suppression (DS). The aim of our study was to clarify the effect of 1-mg DS on AST results. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data for 48 patients (PA: 30/48). We estimated the difference in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) responsiveness to ACTH stimulation with single (AST alone) and combined (AST under 1-mg DS) tests within the same patient. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of these two tests for PA and the laterality of hyperaldosteronism. We found no differences in PAC responsiveness to ACTH stimulation between single and combined tests, and observed a significant positive linear relationship (30 min, R2 = 0.75, p-value < 0.01). Both tests showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for PA following 30 min of ACTH stimulation. The ability to detect the laterality of hyperaldosteronism was inconsistent and differed according to the two definitions: lateralization ratio and the absolute aldosterone levels in adrenal venous sampling. PAC responsiveness to ACTH stimulation was similar for AST with and without 1-mg DS. AST can be performed under both conditions with similar accuracy to detect PA.