Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent temperament, perceived social support, and depressive tendencies as predictors of depressive tendencies in young adulthood

A 5 year longitudinal study investigated the interrelations of temperament dimensions (negative emotionality, activity, and sociability), perceived social support (friend, significant other, and family support), and depressive tendencies. Temperament (EASTS; Buss, 1991), perceived social support (PSS‐R; Blumenthal, Burg, Barefoot, Williams, Haney and Zimet, 1987) and depressive tendencies (a modified version of the BDI) were measured by self‐reports in a randomly selected, community‐based sample of 302 adolescents at age 15, and depressive tendencies were measured again five years later at age 20. The authors hypothesized a model comprising direct as well as mediated effects between the adolescent predictor variables and depressive tendencies in young adulthood. The structural modelling analyses supported these hypotheses in part, and also indicated some qualitative sex differences. For both girls and boys, a significant direct as well as mediating role was indicated for the current level of depressive tendencies: depressive tendencies at age 15 predicted depressive tendencies at age 20, also mediating the effects of negative emotionality at age 15, and additionally mediating the effects of a low level of activity in girls and a low level of family support in boys. Furthermore, even when the prior level of depressive tendencies was controlled, direct effects were indicated in boys for a low level of sociability, and in girls for significant other support, which also mediated the effects of a low level of sociability. These results highlight the importance of the sex‐differentiated interplay of both intrapersonal and psychosocial factors in relation to depressive tendencies both during adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudo-exhaustive word-oriented DRAM testing

This paper presents a new methodology for RAM testing based on the PS(n,k) q-ary fault model (q=2/sup w/) which includes most classical fault models for SRAMs and DRAMs. According to this fault model, the contents of any w-bit memory word of a memory with n words, or ability to change this contents, is influenced by the contents of any other k-1 words of the memory. The proposed methodology uses a pseudo-exhaustive technique based on Reed-Solomon codes, which can be efficiently applied to a word-oriented RAMs, assuming small values of k. The methodology ensures the detection of any number of disjoint (not linked) k-coupling faults, whereby the involved k words may be located anywhere in the memory; i.e., no assumptions have to be made on the physical topology of the cells in the memory cell array because of the systematic structure of the proposed tests, they are well suited for BIST implementations. <<ETX>>
Factors predicting the educational and career aspirations of black college freshmen

A version of this article was presented at the 1995 American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting in San Francisco. The study was supported by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Correspondence may be addressed to Y. Barry Chung, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 210 Education Building, 1310 S. Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820.
Status and Status Strain in the Professions

Professionals and nonprofessionals assign different status to the subspecialities of the various professions. This follows from their different bases for prestige assignment. Intraprofessional status rests on the exclusion of nonprofessional issues or of professional issues irrelevant in a particular case. Public status for professionals rests on effective contact with disorder or nonorder. In the pursuit of intraprofessional status, professions and professionals thus tend to withdraw from precisely those problems for which the public gives them status. This phenomenon of professional regression partly accounts for many otherwise incomprehensible aspects of professional life, such as the prominence of inappropriate training, the rapid dispersal of esoteric professional knowledge to the public, and the lack of systematic approaches to such important problems as death.
Optimization of a Type III Secretion System-Based Pseudomonas aeruginosa Live Vector for Antigen Delivery

ABSTRACT During the last few years, the use of type III secretion system-based bacterial vectors for immunotherapy purposes has been assessed in various applications. We showed that a type III secretion-based Pseudomonas aeruginosa vector delivering the ovalbumin (OVA) antigen induced an efficient specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune response against OVA-expressing cells. Because of the intrinsic toxicity of the vector, further virulence attenuation was needed. Therefore, we explored the effects of the deletion of quorum-sensing genes and the aroA gene toward toxicity and efficiency of the vector strain. The aroA mutation in our strain (making the strain auxotrophic for aromatic amino acids) conferred a strikingly reduced toxicity, with the bacterial lethal dose being more than 100 times higher than that of the parental strain. The quorum-sensing gene mutation alone was associated with a slightly reduced toxicity. In a prophylactic OVA-expressing melanoma mouse model, an OVA-delivering aroA-deficient mutant was the most efficient at a low dose (105), but dose enhancement was not associated with a greater immune response. The quorum-sensing-deficient strain was the most efficient at a mild dose (106), but this dose was close to the toxic dose. Combination of both mutations conferred the highest efficiency at an elevated dose (107), in agreement with the known negative effects of quorum-sensing molecules upon T-cell activation. In conclusion, we have obtained a promising immunotherapy vector regarding toxicity and efficiency for further developments in both antitumor and anti-infectious strategies.
Practical Significance: A Concept Whose Time Has Come

Statistical significance is concerned with whether a research result is due to chance or sampling variability; practical significance is concerned with whether the result is useful in the real world. A growing awareness of the limitations of null hypothesis significance tests has led to a search for ways to supplement these procedures. A variety of supplementary measures of effect magnitude have been proposed. The use of these procedures in four APA journals is examined, and an approach to assessing the practical significance of data is described.
The shoot regeneration capacity of excised Arabidopsis cotyledons is established during the initial hours after injury and is modulated by a complex genetic network of light signalling.

Excised plant tissues (explants) can regenerate new shoot apical meristems in vitro, but regeneration rates can be inexplicably variable. Light affects rates of shoot regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, excised Arabidopsis cotyledons were dark-light shifted to define the timing of explant light sensitivity. Mutants and pharmacological agents were employed to uncover underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms. Unexpectedly, explants were most light sensitive during the initial hours post-excision with respect to shoot regeneration. Only ∼100 µmol m(-2 ) s(-1) of fluorescent light was sufficient to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in new explants. By 48 h post-excision, induction of ROS, or quenching of ROS by xanthophylls, increased or decreased shoot regeneration, respectively. Phytochrome A-mediated signalling suppressed light inhibition of regeneration. Early exposure to blue/UV-A wavelengths inhibited regeneration, involving photoreceptor CRY1. Downstream transcription factor HY5 mediated explant photoprotection, perhaps by promoting anthocyanin accumulation, a pigment also induced by cytokinin. Surprisingly, early light inhibition of shoot regeneration was dependent on polar auxin transport. Early exposure to ethylene stimulated dark-treated explants to regenerate, but inhibited light-treated explants. We propose that variability in long-term shoot regeneration may arise within the initial hours post-excision, from inadvertent, variable exposure of explants to light, modulated by hormones.
How to achieve synergy in group decision making: Lessons to be learned from the hidden profile paradigm

Based on over 25 years of research on hidden profiles and information sharing in groups, and particularly our own work in this area, we outline a general model of how groups can achieve better decisions in a hidden profile situation than their individual members would have been capable of (i.e., synergy). At its core the model defines intensity and bias as the two key parameters that have to be optimised with regard to both the discussion of information and the processing of information in order to ensure synergy in group decision making. We review the empirical literature on information sharing and group decision making in the hidden profile paradigm (with a particular focus on our own studies) to illustrate how group decision quality can be enhanced by increasing intensity and decreasing bias in the discussion and processing of information. Finally we also outline why we think that the lessons learned from research using the hidden profile paradigm can be generalised to group decision-making research in general, and how these lessons can stimulate studies in other fields of group decision-making and group performance research.
Political Philosophy as a (Partial) Mediator of the Association Between Family Communication Patterns and Perception of Candidate Credibility in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election

This investigation evaluated a theoretical model whereby political philosophy mediates the association between family communication patterns and perception of candidate credibility in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Participants included younger and older adults reporting on communication in their family of origin, political beliefs, and evaluations of both candidates. Results supported the expectation, guided by the moral foundations hypothesis, that family-of-origin communication patterns predict political philosophy in adulthood, with both conversation and conformity orientations predicting conservative beliefs. As predicted, political philosophy mediated the association between family communication patterns and candidate credibility. Results clarify the family’s mechanism of political socialization, indicate both direct and indirect effects of family communication patterns on candidate evaluation, and suggest pluralistic and consensual families may be particularly effective at transmitting political beliefs between parents and their children.
Lactate Regulates Metabolic and Pro-inflammatory Circuits in Control of T Cell Migration and Effector Functions

Lactate has long been considered a “waste” by-product of cell metabolism, and it accumulates at sites of inflammation. Recent findings have identified lactate as an active metabolite in cell signalling, although its effects on immune cells during inflammation are largely unexplored. Here we ask whether lactate is responsible for T cells remaining entrapped in inflammatory sites, where they perpetuate the chronic inflammatory process. We show that lactate accumulates in the synovia of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Extracellular sodium lactate and lactic acid inhibit the motility of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. This selective control of T cell motility is mediated via subtype-specific transporters (Slc5a12 and Slc16a1) that we find selectively expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, respectively. We further show both in vitro and in vivo that the sodium lactate-mediated inhibition of CD4+ T cell motility is due to an interference with glycolysis activated upon engagement of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 with the chemokine CXCL10. In contrast, we find the lactic acid effect on CD8+ T cell motility to be independent of glycolysis control. In CD4+ T helper cells, sodium lactate also induces a switch towards the Th17 subset that produces large amounts of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17, whereas in CD8+ T cells, lactic acid causes the loss of their cytolytic function. We further show that the expression of lactate transporters correlates with the clinical T cell score in the synovia of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Finally, pharmacological or antibody-mediated blockade of subtype-specific lactate transporters on T cells results in their release from the inflammatory site in an in vivo model of peritonitis. By establishing a novel role of lactate in control of proinflammatory T cell motility and effector functions, our findings provide a potential molecular mechanism for T cell entrapment and functional changes in inflammatory sites that drive chronic inflammation and offer targeted therapeutic interventions for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
Inflammation and the balance of Treg and Th17 cells in transplant rejection and tolerance

Purpose of reviewInflammation of the allograft, occurring as a consequence of hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury, adversely influences short-term and long-term transplant outcomes. Thus far, imbalance of tissue-protective Treg and tissue-destructive Th17 cells has been confirmed in a number of tissue-inflammatory states, including autoimmune disease. Hence, benefits of tilting Treg–Th17 equilibrium toward dominance of Tregs may promote transplant tolerance. Recent findingsAdverse graft inflammation creates extreme resistance to the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Proinflammatory cytokines, when abundantly expressed within the graft and draining lymph nodes, prevent commitment of donor-activated T cells into graft-protective, T-regulatory phenotype, while fostering generation of donor-reactive Th1, Th2 or Th17 effector subsets. In addition, the inflammatory milieu may destabilize the program of both natural and induced Tregs, converting them into inflammatory, effector-like phenotypes. Therefore permanent, Treg-dependent acceptance of an allograft may not be achieved without limiting adverse tissue inflammation. SummaryBalance of graft-protective regulatory and graft-destructive effector T cells largely depends on the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the milieu, in which donor-directed T-cell response occurs. In the absence of proinflammatory cytokines, the constitutive expression of TGF-β may guide recipient T cells into a tissue-protective, pro-tolerant mode. Therefore, targeting adverse tissue inflammation may represent a powerful means to tilt antidonor immunity towards tolerance.
The Cultural Space of Modernity: Ethnic Tourism and Place Identity in China

In this paper, the relationship between the political economy of tourism and ethnic cultural revival in southwest China is explored. It is suggested that cultural revival is a process of ‘place creation’ whereby identities may be consciously localized as a strategy for engaging structures of political economy which link local actors with broader geographical frameworks and more distant sources of power. Approaching the intersections between tourism and local cultural construction in this way reveals the inadequacy of Marxist analysis in theorizing the spatial relationship between political economy and culture. The theoretical argument has several prongs: (1) the local does not exist as an oppositional reality to the global, but rather constitutes a dynamic cultural negotiation with the changing structures of political economy, a negotiation in which dominant structures are mediated by individual agency; (2) ‘modernization’ is thus as much cultural as it is economic; (3) the traditional ‘space of places’, which a modern ‘space of flows' supposedly supersedes, is an idealistic construct of the past, based on a static conception of culture kept separate from a dynamic conception of economics; (4) historical materialism perpetuates this idealism in its preoccupation with the economic power of capital, relegating the cultural to a ‘response’. Last, the above approach makes it necessary to question the assumption that the ‘confused identities' of postmodernity arc the result of global capitalism's ‘annihilation of space through time’. Rather, a highlight upon the contentious nature of ‘place creation’ within broader systems of power suggests that identity has never been neatly provided by a naturally bounded place, but has always been negotiated within a complex and often confusing mesh of interaction across multiple geographic scales.
Eddy current coil interaction with a right-angled conductive wedge

The time-harmonic electromagnetic field in an electrically conductive right-angled wedge due to an inductive excitation by circular coil in air has been calculated. Using a formulation in Cartesian coordinates, the problem domain is truncated in a dimension whose axis is normal to a wedge face, and an approximate series solution found using elementary functions satisfying Maxwell's equations in the quasi-static limit. The coil impedance variation with position and frequency is calculated and compared with measurements made on a coil near the edge of a large aluminium block which approximates the effect of a conductive quarter-space. The comparison between theory and experiment shows very close agreement.
WTRP - wireless token ring protocol

The wireless token ring protocol (WTRP) is a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless local area networks (WLANs). In contrast with IEEE 802.11 networks, WTRP guarantees quality of service (QoS) in terms of bounded latency and reserved bandwidth, which are critical in many real-time applications. Compared to 802.11, WTRP improves efficiency by reducing the number of retransmissions due to collisions, and it is more fair as all stations use the channel for the same amount of time. Stations take turns transmitting and give up the right to transmit after a specified amount of time. WTRP is a distributed protocol that supports many topologies, as not all stations need to be connected to each other or to a central station. WTRP is robust against single node failures, and recovers gracefully from multiple simultaneous faults. WTRP is suitable for interaccess point coordination in ITS DSRC, safety-critical vehicle-to-vehicle communications, and home networking, and provides extensions to other networks and Mobile IP.
Employee Commitment to Organizational Change: Test of the Three-Component Model in Indian Context

The study aims to check whether the three-component model of commitment to change proposed by Herscovitch and Meyer is applicable in an Indian context. The three dimensions of commitment to change considered for the study are affective, continuance, and normative commitment to change. Data were collected via survey from employees who have been part of major transformational change like restructuring, merger, and acquisition from various organizations across manufacturing and IT sectors. A total of 305 responses were obtained and the data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. The results demonstrated that affective and continuance commitment are clearly distinguishable; however, the normative commitment items loaded into two factors rather than one. The results provided evidence for potential cultural differences in the three-component model of commitment to change.
ULF waves in the solar wind as direct drivers of magnetospheric pulsations

Global magnetospheric ULF pulsations with frequencies in the Pc 5 range (f = 1.7–6.7 mHz) and below have been observed for decades in space and on the Earth. Recent work has shown that in some cases these pulsations appear at discrete frequencies. Global cavity and waveguide modes have been offered as possible sources of such waves. In these models the magnetosphere is presumed to resonate globally at frequencies determined solely by its internal properties such as size, shape, field topology, mass density distribution, etc. We show in this work that upstream solar wind number density and dynamic pressure variations precede and drive compressional magnetic field variations at geosynchronous orbit. Furthermore, spectral analysis shows that wave power spectra in both the solar wind and magnetosphere contain peaks at the same discrete frequencies. Therefore, in contrast to the cavity mode hypothesis, we suggest that discrete ULF pulsations observed within the magnetosphere are at least sometimes directly driven by density oscillations present in the ambient solar wind. Finally, we comment on possible sources for such pulsations observed in the solar wind.
Superordinate identities and intergroup conflict: The ingroup projection model

This chapter summarises results from a research programme on the psychological basis of tolerance and discrimination in intergroup relations, with particular consideration of the role of superordinate identities. According to the ingroup projection model, a relevant superordinate group provides dimensions and norms for comparisons between ingroup and outgroup. Groups gain positive value or status when they are considered prototypical for the (positively valued) superordinate group. Group members tend to generalise (project) distinct ingroup characteristics onto the superordinate category, implying the relative prototypicality of their ingroup. To the extent that outgroup difference is regarded as a deviation from the ethnocentrically construed prototype it is evaluated negatively. Our research studied consequences and determinants of ingroup projection, as well as moderators of its implications. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes involved in intergroup discrimination and indicate new pathways for the reduction of prejudice, towards mutual intergroup appreciation and tolerance.
125I Seed Implant Brachytherapy for Painful Bone Metastases After Failure of External Beam Radiation Therapy

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided 125I seed implant brachytherapy in patients with painful metastatic bone lesions after failure of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). From August 2012 to July 2014, 26 patients with painful bone metastases after failure of EBRT were treated with CT-guided 125I seed implant brachytherapy. Patient pain and analgesic use were measured using the Brief Pain Inventory before treatment, weekly for 4 weeks, and every 4 weeks thereafter for a total of 24 weeks. Opioid analgesic medications and complications were monitored at the same follow-up intervals. Before 125I seed implantation, the mean score for worst pain in a 24-hour period was 7.3 out of 10. Following treatment, at weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24, worst pain decreased to 5.0 (P < 0.0001), 3.0 (P < 0.0001), 2.8 (P < 0.0001), 2.6 (P < 0.0001), and 2.0 (P = 0.0001), respectively. Opioid usage significantly decreased at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Overall response rates of osseous metastases after 125I seed implantation at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks were 58%, 79%, 81%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. Adverse events were seen in 4 patients, including Grade 1 myelosuppression and Grade 1 late skin toxicity. 125I seed brachytherapy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with painful bone metastases after failure of EBRT.