Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nova-like nebular optical spectrum of V404 Cygni at the beginning of the 2015 outburst decay

We report on FORS2 optical spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cygni, performed at the very beginning of its 2015 outburst decay, complemented by quasi-simultaneous Swift X-ray and ultraviolet as well as Rapid Eye Mountain near-infrared observations. Its peculiar spectrum is dominated by a wealth of emission signatures of H i, He i, and higher ionization species, in particular Fe ii. The spectral features are divided between broad redshifted and narrow stationary varieties, the latter being emitted in the outer regions. Continuum and line variability at short time-scale is high, and we find Baldwin effect-like anticorrelations between the full widths at half-maximum and equivalent widths of the broad lines with their local continua. The Balmer decrement H α/H β is also abnormally large at 4.61 ± 0.62. We argue that these properties hint at the broad lines being optically thick and arising within a circumbinary component in which shocks between faster optically thick and slower optically thin regions may occur. We associate it to a nova-like nebula formed by the cooling remnant of strong accretion disc winds that turned off when the mass-accretion rate dropped following the last major flare. The Fe ii lines likely arise from the overlap region between this nebula and the companion star winds, whereas we favour the shocks within the nebula as responsible for the optical continuum via self-absorbed optically thin bremsstrahlung. The presence of a near-infrared excess also points towards the contribution of a strongly variable compact jet or a dusty component.
N-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide

In the title compound, C14H12FNO4S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 50.26 (9)° and the C—S—N—C bond adopts a gauche conformation [torsion angle = −68.12 (15)°]. The dihydrodioxine ring is disordered over two orientations, which both approximate to half-chairs, in a 0.880 (7):0.120 (7) ratio. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into C(4) chains propagating in [100]. Weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F interactions consolidate the packing.
Adolescent drug use.

Sir . —Dr Macdonald's assessment 1 of adolescent drug use is simplistic. One of my first thoughts on reading his review was that adolescents appear to thrive on self-destructive risk taking; why, except as a response to or a part of the process and pain of growing up? Informed self-determination, then, is a right not to be denied. Another dangerous game is sexual experimentation; teenagers need to be allowed to make some of their own decisions, so we have concentrated on improving their information. But while parents may have some idea of sexual experimentation from their own experience, they have almost no notion of drug use and only an understandable fear and worry with which to react. I am sympathetic with Dr Macdonald's situation and recognize the urgent issues raised for pediatricians, but I find grave fault in his arguments. Dr Macdonald's logic and rhetoric are fallacious. He blames the symptom,
Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in 2 Long-Term Care Facilities

Persistent colonization with Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in 22 nursing home residents. Eighteen residents (82%) remained colonized with the same strain found at baseline; 6 (33%) of 18 residents transiently acquired a new strain. Four residents (18%) acquired a new persistent strain. Residents colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus were more likely to acquire a new strain (67%) than were residents colonized with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (20%) (P = .04).
Sick building syndrome: an emerging stress-related disorder?

BACKGROUND This study examined the role of work-related psychosocial stress in the aetiology of sick building syndrome and tested the hypothesis that in buildings with no recognized environmental problems, health complaints typical of the syndrome were primarily stress-related. METHOD A case-control study used data from confidential questionnaires to assess symptoms and perception of the physical and psychosocial environment among 2160 subjects in 67 offices. Working conditions were also inspected and indoor air quality monitored. RESULTS We found an incremental trend in prevalence of sick building syndrome among office workers who reported high levels of physical and mental stress, and decreasing climate of co-operation. This association was confirmed after multivariate adjustment for significant personal and environmental exposure factors. Using a subsample, we further modelled interaction between stress and the other covariates but none achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed stress to be a significant and independent determinant of the health complaints, and that symptoms compatible with the sick building syndrome in many cases were stress-related. Our findings underscore the importance of personal and organizational stress management to prevent ill health at the office.
The smallest unit: effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation on the single cell level

CD8+ T cell immune responses provide immediate protection against primary infection and durable memory capable of rapidly fighting off re-infection. Immediate protection and lasting memory are implemented by phenotypically and functionally distinct T cell subsets. While it is now widely accepted that these diverge from a common source of naïve T cells (Tn), the developmental relation and succession of effector and memory T cell subsets is still under intense debate. Recently, a distinct memory T cell subset has been suggested to possess stem cell-like features, sparking the hope to harness its capacity for self-renewal and diversification for successful therapy of chronic infections or malignant diseases. In this review we highlight current developmental models of memory generation, T cell subset diversification and T cell stemness. We discuss the importance of single cell monitoring techniques for adequately mapping these developmental processes and take a brief look at signaling components active in the putative stem cell-like memory T cell compartment.
Association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes using sibling pair analysis in a cohort of young adults.

CONTEXT Prospective cohort studies have identified an association between cannabis use and later psychosis-related outcomes, but concerns remain about unmeasured confounding variables. The use of sibling pair analysis reduces the influence of unmeasured residual confounding. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes. DESIGN A sibling pair analysis nested within a prospective birth cohort. SETTING Births at a Brisbane, Australia, hospital. PARTICIPANTS Three thousand eight hundred one young adults born between 1981 and 1984 as part of the Mater-University Study of Pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cannabis use and 3 psychosis-related outcomes (nonaffective psychosis, hallucinations, and Peters et al Delusions Inventory score) were assessed at the 21-year follow-up. Associations between duration since first cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes were examined using logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, parental mental illness, and hallucinations at the 14-year follow-up. Within 228 sibling pairs, the association between within-pair differences in duration since first cannabis use and Peters et al Delusions Inventory score was examined with general linear modeling. The potential impact of attrition was examined. RESULTS Duration since first cannabis use was associated with all 3 psychosis-related outcomes. For those with duration since first cannabis use of 6 or more years, there was a significantly increased risk of (1) nonaffective psychosis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.5), (2) being in the highest quartile of Peters et al Delusions Inventory score (adjusted odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.2-5.8), and (3) hallucinations (adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.1). Within sibling pairs, duration since first cannabis use and higher scores on the Peters et al Delusions Inventory remained significantly associated. CONCLUSIONS Early cannabis use is associated with psychosis-related outcomes in young adults. The use of sibling pairs reduces the likelihood that unmeasured confounding explains these findings. This study provides further support for the hypothesis that early cannabis use is a risk-modifying factor for psychosis-related outcomes in young adults.
A Description of the Prehospital Phase of Aortic Dissection in Terms of Early Suspicion and Treatment

Abstract Purpose Aortic dissection is difficult to detect in the early phase due to a variety of symptoms. This report describes the prehospital setting of aortic dissection in terms of symptoms, treatment, and suspicion by the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) staff. Basic Procedures All patients in the Municipality of Gothenburg, Sweden, who, in 2010 and 2011, had a hospital discharge diagnosis of aortic dissection (international classification of disease (ICD) I 71,0) were included. The exclusion criteria were: age < 18 years of age and having a planned operation. This was a retrospective, descriptive study based on patient records. In the statistical analyses, Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyses of dichotomous and continuous/ordered variables. Main findings Of 92 patients, 78% were transported to the hospital by the EMS. The most common symptom was pain (94%). Pain was intensive or very intensive in 89% of patients, with no significant difference in relation to the use of the EMS. Only 47% of those using the EMS were given pain relief with narcotic analgesics. Only 12% were free from pain on admission to the hospital. A suspicion of aortic dissection was reported by the EMS staff in only 17% of cases. The most common preliminary diagnosis at the dispatch center (31%) and by EMS clinicians (52%) was chest pain or angina pectoris. In all, 79% of patients were discharged alive from the hospital (75% of those that used the EMS and 95% of those that did not). Conclusion Among patients who were hospitalized due to aortic dissection in Gothenburg, 78% used the EMS. Despite severe pain in the majority of patients, fewer than half received narcotic analgesics, and only 12% were free from pain on admission to the hospital. In fewer than one-in-five patients was a suspicion of aortic dissection reported by the EMS staff. AxelssonC, KarlssonT, PandeK, WigertzK, ÖrtenwallP, NordanstigJ, HerlitzJ. A description of the prehospital phase of aortic dissection in terms of early suspicion and treatment. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-8 .
Mutations in the embC-embA Intergenic Region Contribute to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance to Ethambutol

ABSTRACT The rapid increase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to ethambutol (EMB) threatens the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the role of mutations in the embC-embA intergenic region (IGR) in EMB-resistant clinical strains from east China. A total of 767 M. tuberculosis clinical strains were collected and analyzed for their drug susceptibility to EMB using the MGIT 960 system and MIC assay, and the embC-embA IGRs of these strains were sequenced. The transcriptional activity of the embC-embA IGR mutations was examined by reporter gene assays in recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strains, and the effect of IGR mutations on its binding to EmbR, a transcription regulator of embAB, was analyzed by gel mobility shift assays. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that the embC-embA IGR mutation is associated with EMB resistance. The clinical strains carrying IGR mutations had a much higher level of embA and embB mRNA as well as higher MICs to EMB. IGR mutations had higher transcriptional activity when transformed into M. smegmatis strains. Mutated IGRs bound to EmbR with much higher affinity than wild-type fragments. The sensitivity of molecular drug susceptibility testing (DST) with IGR mutations as an additional marker increased from 65.5% to 73.5%. Mutations of the embC-embA IGR enhance the binding of EmbR to the promoter region of embAB and increase the expression of embAB, thus contributing to EMB resistance. Therefore, identification of IGR mutations as markers of EMB resistance could increase the sensitivity of molecular DST.
Parenting in Indonesia: Inter- and intracultural differences in mothers’ interactions with their young children

The interactions between 76 lower-class Indonesian mothers and their young children were observed both at home and in a structured play setting. Maternal interactive behaviour in the play session was compared with that of Japanese, Dutch, and Surinam-Dutch mothers observed in a similar setting. The interactive behaviour of Indonesian mothers was found to be more similar to that of Dutch and Surinam-Dutch mothers than to that of Japanese mothers. Mothers’ supportive behaviour in the structured play session was significantly related to their sensitivity at home. Maternal interactive behaviour in the two settings was also significantly but differentially related to characteristics of the immediate and socioeconomic context. The results suggest that socioeconomic factors have a stronger impact on the quality of parenting than cultural factors and that the observation of mother-child interactions in different settings may tap different aspects of parenting.
New generation of predictive technology model for sub-45nm design exploration

Predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. To accurately predict the characteristics of nanoscale CMOS, emerging physical effects, such as process variations and physical correlations among model parameters, must be included. In addition, predictions across technology generations should be smooth to make continuous extrapolations. In this work, a new generation of predictive technology model (PTM) is developed to accomplish these goals. Based on physical models and early stage silicon data, PTM of bulk CMOS for 130nm to 32nm technology nodes is successfully generated. By tuning ten parameters, PTM can be easily customized to cover a wide range of process uncertainties. The accuracy of PTM predictions is comprehensively verified: for NMOS, the error of Ion is 2% and for PMOS, it is 5%. Furthermore, the new PTM correctly captures process sensitivities in the nanometer regime. A webpage has been established for the release of PTM (http://www.eas.asu.edu/~ptm)
FREE RADICAL GENERATION BY METHYLGLYOXAL IN TISSUES

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl intermediate of the glycolytic pathway. Increased oxidative stress is associated with conditions of increased MG, such as diabetes mellitus. Increased oxidative stress is due to an increase in highly reactive by-products of metabolic pathways, the so-called reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. These reactive species react with a variety of proteins, enzymes, lipids, DNA and other molecules and disrupt their normal function. Oxidative stress causes many pathological changes that lead to vascular complications of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In this review we summarize the correlation of elevated MG and various reactive oxygen species, and the enzymes that produce them or take part in their disposal, such as antioxidant enzymes and cofactors. The findings reported in various studies reviewed have started filling in gaps in our knowledge that will ultimately provide us with a clear picture of how the whole process that causes cellular dysfunction is initiated.
A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment: Evidence from Belgium and Spain

A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment: Evidence from Belgium and Spain Anna Zamora-Kapoor Scholarship argues that anti-immigrant sentiment originates at the individual-level, is evenly distributed within countries, and is primarily manifested in a single form as hostility toward the out-group. In A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment, I challenge these three claims and propose a novel approach to the sociological understanding of inter-ethnic contention. My explanation for anti-immigrant sentiment builds upon prevailing theories within political sociology, which center on the role of the state (Evans et al. 1985; Scott 1998; Skocpol 1979). While scholars have long acknowledged the role of the state in the regulation of immigration flows and their incorporation (Brubaker 1992; Castles and Miller 1993; Geddes 2003; Lahav 2004; Massey et al. 2002; Messina 2007; Money 1999; Sassen 1996; 1999; Zolberg 2006), only limited research has examined the extent to which the state, through its regulations and institutions, may also affect public attitudes toward immigration. I argue that, as states establish the parameters for native-foreigner interaction, they play an active role in the establishment of inter-ethnic relations. I use a mixed methods research design that combines surveys, interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and socio-demographic and policy estimates to examine the distribution of antiimmigrant sentiment across three Belgian and three Spanish regions. Using regions as units of analysis facilitates isolating the role of structural conditions in the manifestation of citizens’ hostility. Three empirical chapters show that distinctive manifestations of anti-immigrant sentiment emerge in geographical enclaves with specific demographic, economic, political, and cultural characteristics. Findings from this research contribute to prevailing theories of antiimmigrant sentiment, and its relation to state regulation of immigration and integration. Moreover, I consider how current policies might be revised in light of these findings and I suggest new approaches to the regulation of multi-ethnic environments, as well as to the strengthening of social cohesion in these environments.
Smooth muscle cells of the coronary arterial tunica media express tumor necrosis factor-alpha and proliferate during acute rejection of rabbit cardiac allografts.

Graft coronary arteriosclerosis (GCA) frequently limits the long-term success of cardiac transplantation. The pathogenic mechanisms of and stimuli that provoke GCA remain uncertain. Whatever the initiating factors, deranged control of smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation likely contributes to the intimal hyperplasia that produces obstructive lesions. To identify mediators that may contribute to ongoing modulation of SMC functions during acute rejection and to explore the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of graft coronary arteriosclerosis, we studied the kinetics of proliferation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory and SMC growth-promoting cytokine, in coronary arterial SMCs in rabbit hearts transplanted heterotopically without immunosuppression. Hearts were harvested at 2 (n = 5), 5 (n = 5), and 8.2 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SD, n = 5) days after transplantation, just before graft failure as judged clinically. SMC proliferation was assessed by continuous bromodeoxyuridine labeling (BrdU 10 mg/kg/d. s.q.). Whole heart cross sections were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies that recognize TNF-alpha, BrdU, and SMCs (muscle alpha-actin). Major epicardial coronary arteries (five to nine profiles in each animal) were evaluated. Histological rejection grades by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation scale at 2, 5, and 10 days were 1.6 +/- 0.9, 2.8 +/- 1.1, and 4.0 +/- 0.0, respectively. Medial SMCs in normal hearts and 2 days after transplant expressed little or no TNF-alpha and displayed negligible BrdU incorporation. At 5 days after transplantation, some medial SMCs stained for TNF-alpha and had a low BrdU labeling index (0.5 +/- 0.8%). At 8.2 days after transplant, almost all medial SMCs expressed TNF-alpha intensely and had a high labeling index (29.8 +/- 8.0%). These results demonstrate that acute rejection activates medial SMCs in coronary arteries to express TNF-alpha and that SMC-derived TNF-alpha may contribute to medial SMC proliferation in coronary arteries during acute rejection. This finding of early medial SMC replication suggests a novel and heretofore unsuspected mechanism of intimal expansion consequent to the allogeneic state. These results furnish additional insight into the possible mechanisms that link acute rejection with graft coronary arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, the close association of TNF-alpha expression with SMC replication provides not only a novel marker of SMC activation but also a potential new therapeutic target for the prevention of graft coronary disease.
Father-Daughter and Father-Son Family Business Management Transfer Comparison: Family FIRO Model Application

The purpose of the study was to investigate power structures and interactions among father-daughter and father-son family business decision teams experiencing management transfer. Analytic induction was the methodology used to test the family FIRO theory. Support was found for the theoretical premise of sequential and developmental relationships among the three dimensions (inclusion, control, and integration). The women in the father-son business experienced feelings of exclusion, incidents of higher conflict among family members, which produced less shared meaning, and lower levels of integration among family members. On the other hand, women in the father-daughter business experienced feelings of inclusion, resulting in lower conflict that created high levels of shared meaning, collaboration, and integration among family members. In management transfer consultations, if the entire family business decision team is not included in information gathering, and if the decision team is not observed interacting as a group, with individuals being allowed to confidentially confirm or refute the group interaction data, biased information may be obtained. For more successful adaptations in management transfers, power structures and interactions need to be reconstructed; failure to do so leads to confusion and conflict, resulting in distrust and lack of fellowship within the management decision team.
A Plus/Minus 45 Degree Dual-Polarized Base-Station Antenna With Enhanced Cross-Polarization Discrimination via Addition of Four Parasitic Elements Placed in a Square Contour

A novel method of enhancing cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of a ±45° dual-polarized base-station antenna, by addition of four parasitic elements placed in a square contour, is presented. First, it was established that high XPD at the broadside can be obtained by addition of four parasitic elements around a simple ±45° dual-polarized basestation antenna. Second, we investigated the principle of wide beamwidth high XPD after studying magnitude currents on parasitic element, spacing between parasitic elements and length of parasitic elements. Finally, a ±45° dual-polarized base-station antenna was designed, fabricated and measured. Measurement results are in good agreement with the results of simulation in terms of radiation pattern, gain, and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). In particular, the enhanced XPD is more than 20 dB at the boresight and more than 10 dB within ±60° of the main lobe at the horizontal plane.
Critical Review: Does Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) have a long-term effect on speech intensity in individuals with Parkinson's disease?

This critical review examined literature on the long-term effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) program on speech intensity among individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Four longitudinal randomized control trials and one longitudinal study were included in this review. Overall, these studies provided suggestive evidence to support the use of LSVT for the long-term maintenance of increased speech intensity among individuals with PD. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research are discussed.