Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From customer satisfaction to customer delight: Creating a new standard of service for the hotel industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a typology of customer delight in the hotel industry. By doing so, it identifies patterns by which hotels delight their guests. The paper explores the Torres and Kline model in light of the data and proposes an addition to the model. Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis is utilized to analyze letters of customer feedback provided by several hotels. A codebook was created, letters were coded by two raters and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Findings – The most frequently mentioned codes included: taking care of the guest's needs, exceptional friendliness, professionalism of staff, employees going outside of the call of duty and problem-solving skills. Based on this information the authors propose the following delight types: fulfillment delight, charismatic delight, professional delight, comparative delight, problem resolution delight. It was also found that the culture of an organization has an impact on the type of delight that is most p.
The Properties and Redshift Evolution of Intermediate-Luminosity Off-Nuclear X-Ray Sources in the Chandra Deep Fields

We analyze a population of intermediate-redshift (z ≈ 0.05-0.3) off-nuclear X-ray sources located within optically bright galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey and Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs fields. A total of 24 off-nuclear source candidates are classified using deep Chandra X-Ray Observatory exposures from the Chandra Deep Field-North, Chandra Deep Field-South, and Extended Chandra Deep Field-South; 15 of these are newly identified. These sources have average X-ray spectral shapes and optical environments similar to those observed for off-nuclear intermediate-luminosity (LX ≥ 1039 ergs s-1 in the 0.5-2.0 keV band) X-ray objects (IXOs; sometimes referred to as ultraluminous X-ray sources) in the local universe. This sample improves the available source statistics for intermediate-redshift off-nuclear sources with LX ≳ 1039.5 ergs s-1, and it places significant new constraints on the redshift evolution of the off-nuclear source frequency in field galaxies. The fraction of intermediate-redshift field galaxies containing an off-nuclear source with LX ≳ 1039 ergs s-1 is suggestively elevated (≈80% confidence level) with respect to that observed for IXOs in the local universe; we calculate this elevation to be a factor of ≈1.9. A rise in this fraction is plausibly expected as a consequence of the observed increase in global star formation density with redshift, and our results are consistent with the expected magnitude of the rise in this fraction.
PDGFs protect hippocampal neurons against energy deprivation and oxidative injury: evidence for induction of antioxidant pathways

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors are expressed in brain, where their functions are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that PDGFs play a role in promoting the survival of neurons exposed to metabolic and oxidative insults. Exposure of rat and mouse hippocampal cell cultures to glucose-deficient medium or the hydroxyl radical-promoting agent FeSO4 resulted in progressive neuronal loss. Pretreatment of cultures with PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB resulted in highly significant attenuation of glucose deprivation- and FeSO4- induced neuronal degeneration. In each injury paradigm the neuroprotective actions of the PDGFs were concentration dependent (3– 100 ng/ml). In the case of glucose deprivation, significant protection was seen when cells were exposed to PDGFs prior to, or up to 8 hr following, the onset of glucose deprivation. Pretreatment with PDGFs was required for protection against FeSO4-induced oxidative injury. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that cultured embryonic hippocampal neurons expressed both PDGF alpha- and beta- receptors. PDGFs induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including a band at 180 kDa, the molecular weight of PDGF receptors. Induction of peroxide accumulation in neurons by FeSO4 was attenuated in cultures pretreated with PDGFs, suggesting that PDGFs enhanced cellular antioxidant mechanisms. Measurements of anti-oxidant enzyme activities in control and PDGF-treated cultures showed that both PDGF- AA and PDGF-BB increased both catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and PDGF-AA also increased superoxide dismutase activities. These findings suggest that PDGFs, which are widely expressed in brain and induced in response to injury, may play roles in protecting neurons against metabolic and oxidative insults.
Youth Unemployment Duration in Turkey

This study analyzes the determinants of unemployment duration for youth in Turkey. We use the individual level data obtained from the Household Labor Force Surveys of 2000 and 2001 to construct the duration of unemployment. The analyses are carried out by using both non-parametric and semi-parametric methods for men and women separately. In the semi-parametric part we employ the group duration method. We find that young women have lower chance of getting a job from unemployment than young men. Urban residents have higher hazard than rural residents. An interesting result is that young men who are residents of South-East and East Anatolia have larger hazards than the other regions of Turkey. Further, vocational-high school graduates are not more likely to find a job compared to high school graduates. Having a university degree makes a positive and significant effect on the hazard for young men, but not for young women.
Biofuel-Food Market Interactions: A Review of Modeling Approaches and Findings

The interaction between biofuels and food markets remains a policy issue for a number of reasons. There is a continuing need to understand the role of biofuels in the recent spikes in global food prices. Also, there is an ongoing discussion of changes to biofuel policy as a means to cope with severe weather-induced crop losses. Lastly, there are potential interactions between food markets and advanced biofuels, although most of the latter are expected to be produced from non-food feedstocks. This study reviews the existing literature on the food market impacts of biofuels. Findings suggest that initial conclusions attributing most of the spike in global food prices between 2005 and 2008 to biofuels have been revised. Instead, a multitude of factors, in addition to biofuels, converged during the period. Quantitative estimates of the impacts of biofuels on food markets vary significantly due to differences in modeling approaches, geographical scope, and assumptions about a number of crucial factors. In addition, many studies do not adequately account for the effects of macroeconomic changes, adverse weather conditions and direct market interventions during the recent food price spikes when evaluating the role of biofuels.
The age of blue LSB galaxies

Context. Low metallicities, high gas-to-star mass ratios, and blue colors of most low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies imply that these systems may be younger than their high surface brightness counterparts. Aims. We look for observational signatures that can help to constrain the age of blue LSB galaxies. Methods. We use numerical hydrodynamic modelling to study the long-term (∼13 Gyr) dynamical and chemical evolution of blue LSB galaxies, adopting a sporadic scenario of star formation. Our model galaxy consists of a thin gas disk, a stellar disk with a developed spiral structure and a spherical dark matter halo. Our models utilize various rates of star formation and different shapes of the initial mass function (IMF). We complement hydrodynamic modelling with population synthesis modelling to produce the integrated B − V colors and Hα equivalent widths. Results. We find that the mean oxygen abundances, B − V colors, Hα equivalent widths, and the radial fluctuations in the oxygen abundance, when considered altogether, can be used to constrain the age of blue LSB galaxies if some independent knowledge of the IMF is available. Our modelling strongly suggests the existence of a minimum age for blue LSB galaxies. Model B − V colors and mean oxygen abundances set a tentative minimum age at 1.5–3.0 Gyr, whereas model Hα equivalent widths suggest a larger value of the order of 5–6 Gyr. The latter value may decrease somewhat if blue LSB galaxies host IMFs with a truncated upper mass limit. We found no firm evidence that the age of blue LSB galaxies is significantly lower than 13 Gyr. Conclusions. The age of blue LSB galaxies may vary between 1.5–6 Gyr and 13 Gyr, depending on the physical conditions in the disk that control the form of the IMF and the rate of star formation. A failure to observationally detect large radial fluctuations in the oxygen abundance of the order of 0.5–1.0 dex, which, according to our modelling, are characteristic of (1–2)-Gyr-old galaxies, will argue in favour of the more evolved nature of blue LSB galaxies.
Vector Competence of the Tick Ixodes ricinus for Transmission of Bartonella birtlesii

Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular vector-borne bacteria associated with several emerging diseases in humans and animals all over the world. The potential for involvement of ticks in transmission of Bartonella spp. has been heartily debated for many years. However, most of the data supporting bartonellae transmission by ticks come from molecular and serological epidemiological surveys in humans and animals providing only indirect evidences without a direct proof of tick vector competence for transmission of bartonellae. We used a murine model to assess the vector competence of Ixodes ricinus for Bartonella birtlesii. Larval and nymphal I. ricinus were fed on a B. birtlesii-infected mouse. The nymphs successfully transmitted B. birtlesii to naïve mice as bacteria were recovered from both the mouse blood and liver at seven and 16 days after tick bites. The female adults successfully emitted the bacteria into uninfected blood after three or more days of tick attachment, when fed via membrane feeding system. Histochemical staining showed the presence of bacteria in salivary glands and muscle tissues of partially engorged adult ticks, which had molted from the infected nymphs. These results confirm the vector competence of I. ricinus for B. birtlesii and represent the first in vivo demonstration of a Bartonella sp. transmission by ticks. Consequently, bartonelloses should be now included in the differential diagnosis for patients exposed to tick bites.
Impact of asylum interviews on the mental health of traumatized asylum seekers

Background Asylum interviews within the asylum procedure are associated with psychological stress for traumatized asylum seekers. This study investigates the impact of asylum interviews on the mental health in a sample of 40 traumatized asylum seekers. The comparison group consisted of refugees (N=10) that had not been invited to an asylum interview. Additionally, the moderating effects of trial-related variables such as perceived justice of the trial, stress of giving testimony, and stress of waiting for the asylum interview were examined. Method Participants were assessed on average 10 days before (t1) and 16 days after (t2) the asylum interview. Chi-square tests for dichotomous and categorical variables were used to compare the descriptive statistics of the two groups. To investigate symptom changes from t1 to t2, paired t-tests were calculated. The magnitude of effects was measured by Cohen's effect size d within groups. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for demographic and trial variables predicting posttraumatic intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Results Data showed a significant increase in posttraumatic intrusions and a significant decrease in posttraumatic avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms from t1 to t2. No significant symptom changes in the posttraumatic stress disorder subscales were found in the comparison group. The results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed perceived justice of the interview to predict the increase of intrusions and the number of experienced traumata and testimony stress to predict posttraumatic avoidance. Conclusions The present findings underline the stressful impact of asylum interviews on traumatized refugees. They indicate that the asylum interview might decrease posttraumatic avoidance and trigger posttraumatic intrusions, thus highlight the importance of ensuring that the already vulnerable group of traumatized refugees needs to be treated with empathy during their asylum interview.
Gender differences in implicit and explicit personality traits

This article investigates gender differences in implicit and explicit measures of the BIG FIVE traits of personality. In a high-powered study (N=14,348), we replicated previous research showing that women report higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism. For implicit measures, gender differences were much smaller for all, and opposite in sign for Extraversion. Somewhat higher levels of implicit Neuroticism and Agreeableness were observed in women, and somewhat higher levels of implicit Extraversion and Openness were observed in men. There was no gender difference in implicit Conscientiousness. A possible explanation is that explicit self-concepts partly reflect social norms and self-expectations about gender roles, while implicit self-concepts may mostly reflect self-related experiences.
Hyperbolic Cross Approximation Of Integral Operators With Smooth Kernel

This paper is concerned with the construction and use of trigonometric approximation spaces for the approximate evaluation of integral operators with smooth kernels. The smoothness classes we consider are mixtures of classes of functions of dominating mixed derivative. We deene a scale of nested approximation spaces for the approximation of the kernel that includes the standard full grid spaces as well as the spaces related to hyperbolic cross points. We present theoretical results on the approximation power of these spaces and show under which circumstances these approximation spaces lead to algorithms that break the curse of dimensionality. Blending schemes for these new approximation spaces allow the use of simple data structures and the direct application of fast hierarchical methods such as multilevel methods and fast Fourier transforms. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical ndings. The results carry over to other multiscale tensor-product basis functions (speciically to biorthogonal wavelets) and to other tensor-product domains.
Link formation in undergraduate students friendship network

Link formation is the foundation for understanding, analyzing and modeling friendship networks. We analyzed a friendship network comprising 190 students at Northwest University for Nationalities with attributes (gender, nationality, hometown, major, class and dorm). We found that link formation is dominated by a combination of effects arising from geographic proximity and homophily. Attributes dorm and class are greater determinants of link formation than other attributes. Our further study showed that their effects on link formation decay to zero as a power law with exponent -0.9 when distance between two students increases. We came to conclusion that homophily and proximity both are local-effective. Hence, the spatial element is crucial for link formation in friendship network. At last, we discussed link formation at different ranges. Keywords—link formation; friendship network; proximity; homophily; distance
Climate Change and Trophic Response of the Antarctic Bottom Fauna

Background As Earth warms, temperate and subpolar marine species will increasingly shift their geographic ranges poleward. The endemic shelf fauna of Antarctica is especially vulnerable to climate-mediated biological invasions because cold temperatures currently exclude the durophagous (shell-breaking) predators that structure shallow-benthic communities elsewhere. Methodology/Principal Findings We used the Eocene fossil record from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, to project specifically how global warming will reorganize the nearshore benthos of Antarctica. A long-term cooling trend, which began with a sharp temperature drop ∼41 Ma (million years ago), eliminated durophagous predators—teleosts (modern bony fish), decapod crustaceans (crabs and lobsters) and almost all neoselachian elasmobranchs (modern sharks and rays)—from Antarctic nearshore waters after the Eocene. Even prior to those extinctions, durophagous predators became less active as coastal sea temperatures declined from 41 Ma to the end of the Eocene, ∼33.5 Ma. In response, dense populations of suspension-feeding ophiuroids and crinoids abruptly appeared. Dense aggregations of brachiopods transcended the cooling event with no apparent change in predation pressure, nor were there changes in the frequency of shell-drilling predation on venerid bivalves. Conclusions/Significance Rapid warming in the Southern Ocean is now removing the physiological barriers to shell-breaking predators, and crabs are returning to the Antarctic Peninsula. Over the coming decades to centuries, we predict a rapid reversal of the Eocene trends. Increasing predation will reduce or eliminate extant dense populations of suspension-feeding echinoderms from nearshore habitats along the Peninsula while brachiopods will continue to form large populations, and the intensity of shell-drilling predation on infaunal bivalves will not change appreciably. In time the ecological effects of global warming could spread to other portions of the Antarctic coast. The differential responses of faunal components will reduce the endemic character of Antarctic subtidal communities, homogenizing them with nearshore communities at lower latitudes.
An Integrated Labor-Management System for Taco Bell

Taco Bell Corporation has approximately 6,490 company-owned, licensed, and franchised locations in 50 states and a growing international market. Worldwide yearly sales are approximately $4.6 billion. In 1988, Taco Bell introduced six core-menu items for the reduced price of 59 cents and offered free drink refills. Taco Bell has since continued to change and innovate. Its new strategy meant restructuring the business to become more efficient and cost-effective. To do this, the company relied on an integrated set of operations research models, including forecasting to predict customer arrivals, simulation to determine the optimum labor required to provide desired customer service, and optimization to schedule and allocate crew members to minimize payroll. Through 1997, these models have saved over $53 million in labor costs.
Streaming potential measurements 2. Relationship between electrical and hydraulic flow patterns from rock samples during deformation

Streaming potential and resistivity measurements have been performed on Fontainebleau sandstone and Villejust quartzite samples in a triaxial device during compaction, uniaxial compression, and rupture. Measurements on individual samples do not show any clear intrinsic dependence of the streaming potential coefficient with permeability. An apparent dependence of the streaming potential coefficient with permeability is, however, observed during deformation. The effect of surface conductivity is taken into account and is small compared with the observed changes in the streaming potential coefficient. The observed dependence is therefore interpreted in terms of a difference in the evolution of the electrical and hydraulic connectivity patterns during deformation. This effect causes the streaming potential coefficient, and consequently the inferred ξ potential, to be reduced by a geometrical factor R_G representing the electrical efficiency of the hydraulic network. Estimates of the R_G factor varying between 0.2 and 0.8 for electrolyte resistivity larger than 100 Ωm are obtained by comparing the values of the ξ potential inferred from intact rock samples with the values obtained from crushed rock samples, where the geometrical effects are assumed to be negligible. The reduction of the streaming potential coefficient observed during compaction or uniaxial compression suggests that the tortuosity of the hydraulic network increases faster than the tortuosity of the electrical network. Before rupture, an increase in the streaming potential coefficient associated with the onset of dilatancy was observed for three samples of Fontainebleau sandstone and one sample of Villejust quartzite. The changes in streaming potential coefficient prior to failure range from 30% to 50%. During one experiment, an increase in the concentration of sulfate ions was also observed before failure. These experiments suggest that observable streaming potential and geochemical variations could occur before earthquakes.
Massive H i clouds with no optical counterparts as high-density regions of intragroup H i rings and arcs

We present a new scenario in which massive intragroup HI clouds are the high-density parts of large HI rings/arcs formed by dynamical interaction between galaxy groups and gas-rich, low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies with extended gas disks. Our hydrodynamical simulations demonstrate that the group tidal field is very efficient at stripping the outer HI gas of the disk if the gaseous disk of the LSB galaxy extends $2 - 5$ times further than the stellar disk. We find that a massive, extended `leading stream' orbiting the group's center can form out of the stripped outer HI envelope, while the severely shrunk LSB galaxy, whose stellar disk remains unaffected, continues on its path. The result is a relatively isolated, massive HI cloud with a ring- or arc-like shape, a very inhomogeneous density distribution ($N_{\rm HI} \sim 1.0 \times 10^{17} - 1.1 \times 10^{20}$ atoms cm$^{-2}$), and, initially, no stellar content. Only the high density peaks of the simulated intragroup HI ring/arc can be detected in many current HI observations. These will appear as relatively isolated `HI islands' near the group center. We also find that star formation can occur within the ring/arc, if the total gas mass within the intragroup ring/arc is very large ($\sim$ 4 $\times$ $10^9$ ${\rm M}_{\odot}$). We discuss these results in terms of existing observations of intragroup gas (e.g., the Leo Ring and HIPASS J0731--69) and intergalactic HII regions.
Intentional weight loss and mortality among overweight individuals with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of intentional weight loss on mortality in overweight individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a prospective analysis with a 12-year mortality follow-up (1959-1972) of 4,970 overweight individuals with diabetes, 40-64 years of age, who were enrolled in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study I. Rate ratios (RRs) were calculated, comparing overall death rates, and death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes in individuals with and without reported intentional weight loss. RESULTS Intentional weight loss was reported by 34% of the cohort. After adjustment for initial BMI, sociodemographic factors, health status, and physical activity, intentional weight loss was associated with a 25% reduction in total mortality (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.67-0.84), and a 28% reduction in CVD and diabetes mortality (RR = 0.72; 0.63-0.82). Intentional weight loss of 20-29 lb was associated with the largest reductions in mortality (approximately 33%). Weight loss >70 lb was associated with small increases in mortality CONCLUSIONS Intentional weight loss was associated with substantial reductions in mortality in this observational study of overweight individuals with diabetes.