Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental window aggregates over array database

We propose an efficient window aggregation method over multi-dimensional array data based on incremental computation. We improve several aggregations with different data structures exploited to achieve efficient computation: list for sum and avg, heap for max and min, and balanced binary search tree for percentile. We present time complexity analysis for the methods, and then evaluate performance with experiments in SciDB array database system with both synthetic and JRA55 meteorological dataset. Our analysis shows that performance improvement is proportional to the window size in the last dimension in theory, and the result of experiment is consistent with the analysis. In certain cases, it shows an acceleration factor more than 13 by the proposed method with percentile, while a factor over 28 with maximum.
Human receptors for sweet and umami taste

The three members of the T1R class of taste-specific G protein-coupled receptors have been hypothesized to function in combination as heterodimeric sweet taste receptors. Here we show that human T1R2/T1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners. In contrast, human T1R1/T1R3 responds to the umami taste stimulus l-glutamate, and this response is enhanced by 5′-ribonucleotides, a hallmark of umami taste. The ligand specificities of rat T1R2/T1R3 and T1R1/T1R3 correspond to those of their human counterparts. These findings implicate the T1Rs in umami taste and suggest that sweet and umami taste receptors share a common subunit.
Improving Police Officers’ Perceptions of Sexual Offending Through Intensive Training

We examined whether specialist police training on the dynamics of sexual offending can modify officers’ victim-blaming attitudes and negative perceptions regarding likely case authorization. The sample included 77 Australian police officers specialising in sexual assault investigation. The training, delivered face to face over 4 weeks, included focus on identifying elements of grooming in offending relationships and how these elements can be elicited from victims and suspects within a narrative interviewing framework. Officers’ perceptions of cases were assessed immediately pre- and posttraining using a series of case scenarios. For each scenario, officers rated (on a 10-point Likert-type scale) their confidence that the case should be authorised to proceed to prosecution and the responsibility attributable to the victim. For each case, officers also listed up to 5 factors to justify their case authorization decision. Overall, confidence in case authorization increased from pre- to posttraining, whilst perception of victim “responsibility” decreased. The pattern of results, including the qualitative evidence to justify officers’ decisions, support that the attitude change was due to greater understanding of the dynamics of sexual offending. The implications for police trainers, and directions for future research, are discussed.
Urinary tract infection in full-term newborn infants: risk factor analysis.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation of risk factors to the occurrence of urinary tract infection in full-term newborn infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective study (1997) including full-term infants having a positive urine culture by bag specimen. Urine collection was based on: fever, weight loss > 10% of birth weight, nonspecific symptoms (feeding intolerance, failure to thrive, hypoactivity, debilitate suction, irritability), or renal and urinary tract malformations. In these cases, another urine culture by suprapubic bladder aspiration was collected to confirm the diagnosis. To compare and validate the risk factors in each group, the selected cases were divided into two groups: Group I - positive urine culture by bag specimen collection and negative urine culture by suprapubic aspiration, and Group II - positive urine culture by bag specimen collection and positive urine culture by suprapubic aspiration. RESULTS Sixty one infants were studied, Group I, n = 42 (68.9%) and Group II, n = 19 (31.1%). The selected risk factors (associated infectious diseases, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, renal and urinary tract malformations, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition and intravascular catheter) were more frequent in Group II (p<0.05). Through relative risk analysis, risk factors were, in decreasing importance: parenteral nutrition, intravascular catheter, associated infectious diseases, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, and renal and urinary tract malformations. CONCLUSION The results showed that parenteral nutrition, intravascular catheter, and associated infectious diseases contributed to increase the frequency of neonatal urinary tract infection, and in the presence of more than one risk factor, the occurrence of urinary tract infection rose up to 11 times.
Secondary Infections, Expanded Tissue Tropism, and Evidence for Malignant Potential in Immunocompromised Mice Infected with Mus musculus Papillomavirus 1 DNA and Virus

ABSTRACT Papillomavirus disease poses a special challenge to people with compromised immune systems. Appropriate models to study infections in these individuals are lacking. We report here the development of a model that will help to address these deficiencies. The MmuPV1 genome was synthesized and used successfully to produce virus from DNA infections in immunocompromised mice. In these early studies, we have demonstrated both primary and secondary infections, expanded tissue tropism, and extensive dysplasia.
Loyalty Without Conformity: Tailoring Self-Perception as a Means of Balancing Belonging and Differentiation

We argue that members of individualist cultures balance their desire to belong with their desire to be different by maintaining a self-image as being loyal but relatively immune to group influence. Consistent with this, in Study 1 there was a strong tendency for people to rate themselves as being more independent (i.e., less conformist) than other people in their college. College students also rated themselves as being highly loyal to the group, however no self-other discrepancies were found on this dimension. This is despite the fact that traits of loyalty were rated more positively than were traits of independence. Study 2 provided evidence that culture influences the pattern of self-other discrepancies. Whereas people from individualist countries self-enhance on independence dimensions, people from collectivist countries self-enhance on loyalty dimensions. Again, these effects could not be explained as being a function of how positive these traits were seen to be, suggesting a cultural explanation rather than a straight forward superiority bias explanation for the observed discrepancies in self-other ratings. Results are discussed in relation to the SCENT model.
Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 4 (BCAR4) Drives Proliferation of IPH-926 lobular Carcinoma Cells

Background Most breast cancers depend on estrogenic growth stimulation. Functional genetic screenings in in vitro cell models have identified genes, which override growth suppression induced by anti-estrogenic drugs like tamoxifen. Using that approach, we have previously identified Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 4 (BCAR4) as a mediator of cell proliferation and tamoxifen-resistance. Here, we show high level of expression and function of BCAR4 in human breast cancer. Methods BCAR4 mRNA expression was evaluated by (q)RT-PCR in a panel of human normal tissues, primary breast cancers and cell lines. A new antibody raised against C78-I97 of the putative BCAR4 protein and used for western blot and immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated gene silencing was implemented to study the function of BCAR4 and its downstream targets ERBB2/3. Results Except for placenta, all human normal tissues tested were BCAR4-negative. In primary breast cancers, BCAR4 expression was comparatively rare (10%), but associated with enhanced proliferation. Relative high BCAR4 mRNA expression was identified in IPH-926, a cell line derived from an endocrine-resistant lobular breast cancer. Moderate BCAR4 expression was evident in MDA-MB-134 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. BCAR4 protein was detected in breast cancer cells with ectopic (ZR-75-1-BCAR4) and endogenous (IPH-926, MDA-MB-453) BCAR4 mRNA expression. Knockdown of BCAR4 inhibited cell proliferation. A similar effect was observed upon knockdown of ERBB2/3 and exposure to lapatinib, implying that BCAR4 acts in an ERBB2/3-dependent manner. Conclusion BCAR4 encodes a functional protein, which drives proliferation of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Lapatinib, a clinically approved EGFR/ERBB2 inhibitor, counteracts BCAR4-driven tumor cell growth, a clinical relevant observation.
Supporting newly hired teachers of science: attaining teacher professional standards

National standards for teachers are becoming more common. For newly hired teachers of science (NHTS), these standards have implications for how they are prepared and supported in their early years. In order to guide educators who prepare and study teachers of science and support NHTS, this review examines 30 years of research pertaining to teachers of science in their first five years of teaching. An examination of several national standards documents resulted in six broad areas that frame this review: Content and Curricular Knowledge, Learners and Learning, Professional Practice and Learning Environments, Equity, Assessment and Professionalism. It is evident from the review of identified articles that NHTS are capable of much more than has been envisioned and discussed previously, and that they are in a unique period in which their knowledge and abilities are being modified rapidly. This review points to the need for well-configured induction programmes, and the importance of the alignment between initial certification programmes and induction programmes. Finally, this review suggests several areas that are in need of study, such as how NHTS build their knowledge about learners and learning, and assessment. This review begins to fill the ‘gap’ in our understanding of science teacher development by specifically examining NHTS.
Schedule length minimization of parallel applications with energy consumption constraints using heuristics on heterogeneous distributed systems

Energy consumption is one of the primary design constraints in heterogeneous parallel and distributed systems ranging from small embedded devices to large‐scale data centers. The problem of minimizing the schedule length of an energy consumption‐constrained parallel application has been studied recently in homogeneous systems with a shared memory. To adopt the heterogeneity and distribution of high‐performance computing systems, this study solves the problem of minimizing the schedule length of an energy consumption‐constrained parallel application in heterogeneous distributed systems based on a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling energy‐efficient design technique. The aforementioned problem is divided into 2 subproblems in this study, namely, satisfying energy consumption constraint and minimizing schedule length. The first subproblem is solved by transferring the energy consumption constraint of the application to that of each task, whereas the second subproblem is solved by heuristically scheduling each task with low time complexity. Experiments using both fast Fourier transform and Gaussian elimination parallel applications show that the actual energy consumption values do not always exceed but are close to the given energy consumption constraints. In addition, the minimum schedule lengths are generated using the proposed algorithm.
Type 1 diabetes research: Newer approaches and exciting developments

In this Editorial I would like to bring to the att ention of readers three important aspects of T1D research in the area of T1D incidence, role of viruses and some new approaches taken by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC). I would further like to discuss current approaches in beta cell preservation and regeneration of new beta cells that are likely to beneÞ t not only newly diagnosed T1D patients but also those who developed T1D in the past.
Household and Community in African Studies

Issues relating to household and community are of central importance in social scientific research on contemporary Africa and the experience of its peoples in the twentieth century. Early anthropological theory categorized African social organization, for comparative purposes, with that of indigenous America, New Guinea, and other classless and early state systems. Most of these other peoples are now minority populations in colonized states, politically and economically marginal. Only in Africa have advancing capitalism and non-peasant, relatively weakly stratified, highly flexible forms of social organization been forced into a long-term working relationship with one another over such a vast area and such a wide variety of conditions. Most recent scholarship—and the scholarship I will limit myself to in this paper—is not only concerned with substantive questions of what has happened as a result of this confrontation, but also with the methodological problems of describing and explaining it in a comparative framework. Over the last twenty years, this has resulted in two major shifts of approach, which cut across all the divisions amongst the classic theoretical schools of thought. They are, first, a shift from explanation of local forms in terms of local social and ecological conditions to consideration of their position in regional, national, and international structures; and, second, a shift from classification of local forms in typological schema, either synchronic or evolutionary, to understanding in terms of processes of change which are to some degree indeterminate. Taking the first issue, the increasing use of terms like “household” and “community” constitutes a relatively new departure. They are classic analytical concepts in the study of peasant societies and carry with them the implications of a local social structure and tradition of life within a wider stratified political and economic system under a state form of government.
Learning Verb Inference Rules from Linguistically-Motivated Evidence

Learning inference relations between verbs is at the heart of many semantic applications. However, most prior work on learning such rules focused on a rather narrow set of information sources: mainly distributional similarity, and to a lesser extent manually constructed verb co-occurrence patterns. In this paper, we claim that it is imperative to utilize information from various textual scopes: verb co-occurrence within a sentence, verb co-occurrence within a document, as well as overall corpus statistics. To this end, we propose a much richer novel set of linguistically motivated cues for detecting entailment between verbs and combine them as features in a supervised classification framework. We empirically demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms previous methods and that information from each textual scope contributes to the verb entailment learning task.
Making sense of humor in young romantic relationships: Understanding partners’ perceptions

Humor is perceived by romantic couples to be an important component of their relationships. Various studies have stressed the emphasis that single individuals in Ms society place on sense of humor when selecting a matet and humor's importance to couples' interactions in successful relationships. These findings paint an intriguing picture of the r öle of partners' senses of humor in the relationships of romantic couples. But what do people see äs being indicative of sense of humor? The current project uses interview data to reveal what young adults in romantic relationships report when prompted to provide examples of "sense of humor. " Participants' descriptions of their own and their partners' sense of humor are alsoprobed. The contents ofthese collective responses are then compared to the existing literature to assess the salience of researchers' theoretically derived conceptualizations of "sense of humor" to laypersons' interpretations. The implications for humor researchers andscholars ofclose relationships are discussed. Humor is perceived by friends and romantic couples alike to be an important component of their relationships (Goodwin and Tang 1991). Various studies have stressed the emphasis that single individuals in this society place on sense of humor when selecting a mate (Daniel et al. 1985; Goodwin 1990). Humor appreciation has been shown to be related to greater intimacy (Hampes 1992). Humorous people are perceived äs more attractive (Wanzer et al. 1996), and perceived similarity in humor appreciation has been found to be a particularly strong contributor to interpersonal attraction (Cann et al. 1997). Similarity in humor appreciation is related to partners' liking, loving, and predisposition to marry each other Humor 13̂ (2000), 395-417 0933-1719/00/0013-0395 © Walter de Gmyter
Efficient genome-wide mutagenesis of zebrafish genes by retroviral insertions

Using a combination of techniques we developed, we infected zebrafish embryos using pseudotyped retroviruses and mapped the genomic locations of the proviral integrations in the F1 offspring of the infected fish. From F1 fish, we obtained 2,045 sequences representing 933 unique retroviral integrations. A total of 599 were mappable to the current genomic assembly (Zv6), and 233 of the integrations landed within genes. By inbreeding fish carrying proviral integrations in 25 different genes, we were able to demonstrate that in ≈50% of the gene “hits,” the mRNA transcript levels were reduced by ≥70%, with the highest probability for mutation occurring if the integration was in an exon or first intron. Based on these data, the mutagenic frequency for the retrovirus is nearly one in five integrations. In addition, a strong mutagenic effect is seen when murine leukemia virus integrates specifically in the first intron of genes but not in other introns. Three of 19 gene inactivation events had embryonic defects. Using the strategy we outlined, it is possible to identify 1 mutagenic event for every 30 sequencing reactions done on the F1 fish. This is a 20- to 30-fold increase in efficiency when compared with the current resequencing approach [targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING)] used in zebrafish for identifying mutations in genes. Combining this increase in efficiency with cryopreservation of sperm samples from the F1 fish, it is now possible to create a stable resource that contains mutations in every known zebrafish gene.
A novel partial adaptive broad-band beamformer using concentric ring array

The design of an adaptive concentric ring array for broadband beamforming is a challenge due to the large number of adapting coefficients. In this paper, the concept of setting the weights among different rings to enhance the beamformer output is used to design a partial adaptive ring array for applications in nonstationary signal environment. We decompose the weights of the array into two components: the weights for each receiving element within a ring and the weights for each ring. The partial adaptive array is obtained by setting the weight for each receiving element based on a priori knowledge of the direction of arrival (DOA) of the desired signal, and only the weights for each ring are adapted in real-time. The partial array design results in faster convergence rate, better performance and smaller amount of computation compared to a fully adaptive array. Experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the partial adaptive array design.
Causes of red eye in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano-Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION The red eye is one of the commonest reasons for presenting to the eye clinic. Red eye due to serious conditions that may threaten patient's vision require early detection and referral to ophthalmologists for prompt care. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and causes of red eye amongst patients' attending the eye clinic over a two year period from 2004 to 2005. METHODS The eye clinic register was used to determine the total number of new patients attending the eye clinic and those found to have red eye. The information retrieved included patients age, sex, laterality of the condition and cause of red eye. RESULTS During the review period 4723 new patients were seen in the eye clinic and 693 patients (14.8%) had red eye. There were 356 males and 337 females (M:F= 1.1:1). Sixty three percent of the patients were below the age of 20 years. The common causes of red eye were allergic conjunctivitis in 40%, microbial conjunctivitis in 17%, corneal ulcer 11% and inflamed pterygium in 11%. CONCLUSION Red eye is a common cause of presentation to the eye clinic. Most of the common causes of red eye in our environment are treatable.
Accounting students' perceptions of a virtual learning environment: Springboard or safety net?

Abstract This research study elicits students' perceptions of the extent to which a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) supports, or indeed enhances, their learning experiences. A phenomenographic research study was conducted among first year, undergraduate accounting students at a UK business school that adopts the commercially provided VLE, Blackboard. Although the aim of using the VLE as a supplementary tool is to add value to the broader teaching–learning environment, the findings revealed that students perceived tutors to be using the VLE simply as an ‘online textbook’, resulting, at best, in the use of the VLE as a ‘safety net’. The findings also suggested that taught sessions were perceived as adding little or no value to the VLE provision. By providing a clearer understanding of students' perceptions, this study enables tutors to review both their classroom and online provisions within Entwistle's (2003) conceptual framework to facilitate changes that would enrich the teaching–learning environment.
Serum Ghrelin Levels and Risk of Subsequent Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus

OBJECTIVE:Several large studies have shown a negative association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Diminution of gastric ghrelin secretion by H. pylori could protect against esophageal malignancy by decreasing appetite, food intake, and acid production, thereby decreasing weight and gastroesophageal reflux.METHODS:We evaluated the association of ghrelin with esophageal adenocarcinoma using a population from a previous nested case-control study. Among 128,992 enrolled in a multiphasic health checkup (MHC) between 1964 and 1969, 52 patients developed esophageal adenocarcinoma by the year 2000. Three random controls from the MHC cohort were matched to each case by age, sex, race, and the date and site of their MHC. Serum samples collected at the MHC had been previously tested for IgG antibodies against H. pylori and the CagA protein. Serum ghrelin concentrations were determined by a commercial EIA on 52% of the initial subjects (31 cases and 79 controls). RESULTS:A concentration of ghrelin greater than 3,200 pg/mL at MHC (fourth quartile) was associated with a lower risk of esophageal cancer (H. pylori and body mass index [BMI] adjusted OR = 0.18 [CI 0.04–0.78]). This inverse association was seen only in overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25, P value for interaction = 0.09). The effects of H. pylori and ghrelin were independent.CONCLUSION:Contrary to the original hypothesis, high rather than low serum ghrelin was associated with protection against esophageal adenocarcinoma but only among overweight subjects.