Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precession electron diffraction assisted orientation mapping of gradient nanostructure in a Ni-based superalloy

Surface mechanical grinding of a Ni-based superalloy can introduce a gradient microstructure in the surface layer with a grain size from nanoscale to microscale. In-depth investigation of the crystal orientation distribution of the surface nanostructured layer is more often, however, not an easy work by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) based electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method due to its sensitivity to lattice distortions and spatial resolution limitation. Here we use a newly developed precession electron diffraction (PED) technique coupled with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the microstructural and crystallographic characteristics of the surface gradient nanostructure, with particular emphasis on the topmost nanocrystalline layer. A strong shear texture and a minor Copper texture were identified according to orientation analyses of the 1.6 pm thick near-surface nanocrystalline layer. The PED technique is proved to be practical for two dimensional orientation mapping of severely deformed microstructures at the nanoscale.
Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations

The genetic impact of farmed fish escaping aquaculture is a highly debated issue. However, non-target species, such as cleaner fish used to remove sea lice from farmed fish, are rarely considered. Here, we report that wild corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops), which are transported long distances to be used as cleaner fish in salmon farms, escape and hybridize with local populations. Recently, increasing numbers of corkwing wrasse have been reported in Flatanger in Norway, north of its described distribution range, an area heavily relying on the import of cleaner fish from Skagerrak. Using genetic markers identified with 2bRAD sequencing, we show that, although the Flatanger population largely is a result of a northward range expansion, there is also evidence of considerable gene flow from southern populations in Skagerrak and Kattegat. Of the 40 corkwing wrasses sampled in Flatanger, we discovered two individuals with clear southern genotypes, one first-generation hybrid, and 12 potential second-generation hybrids. In summary, we provide evidence that corkwing wrasse escape from fish farms and hybridize with local populations at the leading edge of an ongoing range expansion. Although the magnitude and significance of escapees warrant further investigation, these results should be taken into consideration in the use of translocated cleaner fish.
NUMERICAL ANALYSES ON DYNAMIC CONTROL OF FIVE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM MAGLEV VEHICLE MOVING ON FLEXIBLE GUIDEWAYS

This paper presents numerical analyses on dynamic behavior of a maglev vehicle with a control system moving on flexible guideways. The vehicle is simplified as a body with the primary and the secondary suspension parts and has five-degree-of-freedom (d.o.f.). So, its five kinds of motions, i.e., heave, sway, pitch, roll, and yaw motions are considered. The numerical results show that the dynamical characteristics of a coupling maglev vehicle/guideway system are different from those of the uncoupling system in which the deformation of the guideways is neglected. For the coupling system, one kind of disturbances in the five motions may excite several other kinds of moving responses. Both the disturbances and the control parameters have an influence on the stability of the dynamical system. In order to make the system stable, regions for the disturbance of heave motion or/and sway motion and the control parameters are numerically searched in detail.
Temperature effect on the conductivity of knitted fabrics embedded with conducting yarns

The electrical resistance of knitted fabrics embedded with conducting yarns at different temperatures was studied in this paper. Two types of resistance, linear resistance and contact resistance have been considered and discussed by experimental studies and theoretical modeling. Two silver-coated conductive yarns, yarn A and B, with linear resistance of 68.6 Ω/cm and 1 Ω/cm respectively, were embedded into normal knitted woolen fabrics. The temperature effect on the resistance of these two conductive knitted fabrics as a function of applied voltages was extensively explored. The results have shown that the resistance of either conductive knitted fabric decreases significantly (maximum 30%) when its temperature is rising. It can be explained by two main factors: the electrical resistance of the silver-coated conductive yarns decreases as temperature rises; the physical contact of the overlapped conductive yarns extends due to heating on woolen fabrics, which causes a decrease in contact resistance. This research has shown that the temperature effect on the conductivity of the knitted fabrics embedded with conductive yarns should be carefully considered in future industrial applications.
Adapting a robotics program to enhance participation and interest in STEM among children with disabilities: a pilot study

Abstract Purpose: Youth with disabilities are under-represented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) in school and in the workforce. One encouraging approach to engage youth’s interest in STEM is through robotics; however, such programs are mostly for typically developing youth. The purpose of this study was to understand the development and implementation of an adapted robotics program for children and youth with disabilities and their experiences within it. Method: Our mixed methods pilot study (pre- and post-workshop surveys, observations, and interviews) involved 41 participants including: 18 youth (aged 6–13), 12 parents and 11 key informants. The robotics program involved 6, two-hour workshops held at a paediatric hospital. Results: Our findings showed that several adaptations made to the robotics program helped to enhance the participation of children with disabilities. Adaptations addressed the educational/curriculum, cognitive and learning, physical and social needs of the children. In regards to experiences within the adapted hospital program, our findings highlight that children enjoyed the program and learned about computer programming and building robots. Conclusions: Clinicians and educators should consider engaging youth with disabilities in robotics to enhance learning and interest in STEM. Implications for Rehabilitation Clinicians and educators should consider adapting curriculum content and mode of delivery of LEGO® robotics programs to include youth with disabilities. Appropriate staffing including clinicians and educators who are knowledgeable about youth with disabilities and LEGO® robotics are needed. Clinicians should consider engaging youth with disabilities in LEGO® to enhance learning and interest in STEM.
An economic evaluation of the controlled temperature chain approach for vaccine logistics: evidence from a study conducted during a meningitis A vaccine campaign in Togo

Introduction A recent innovation in support of the final segment of the immunization supply chain is licensing certain vaccines for use in a controlled temperature chain (CTC), which allows excursions into ambient temperatures up to 40°C for a specific number of days immediately prior to administration. However, limited evidence exists on CTC economics to inform investments for labeling other eligible vaccines for CTC use. Using data collected during a MenAfriVac™ campaign in Togo, we estimated economic costs for vaccine logistics when using the CTC approach compared to full cold chain logistics (CCL) approach. Methods We conducted the study in Togo’s Central Region, where two districts were using the CTC approach and two relied on a fullCCL approach during the MenAfriVac™ campaign. Data to estimate vaccine logistics costs were obtained from primary data collected using costing questionnaires and from financial cost data from campaign microplans. Costs are presented in 2014 US dollars. Results Average logistics costs per dose were estimated at $0.026±0.032 for facilities using a CTC and $0.029±0.054 for facilities using the fullCCL approach, but the two estimates were not statistically different. However, if the facilities without refrigerators had not used a CTC but had received daily deliveries of vaccines, the average cost per dose would have increased to $0.063 (range $0.007 to $0.33), with larger logistics cost increases occurring for facilities that were far from the district. Conclusion Using the CTC approach can reduce logistics costs for remote facilities without cold chain infrastructure, which is where CTC is designed to reduce logistical challenges of vaccine distribution.
Current State of the Art in Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common mental health problem among people exposed to traumatic events. Since its introduction into the psychiatric classification system in the 1980s various treatments have been tested for PTSD. Meta-analyses based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concluded that trauma-focused psychotherapies are most effective treatments for PTSD [1-3]. The most widely used trauma-focused psychotherapies are exposure treatment, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) involving a combination of exposure and cognitive interventions, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In this chapter we briefly review these treatments in terms of their theoretical background, application, efficacy, tolerability, and length of delivery.
Gentamicin Susceptibility among a Sample of Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in India

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 258 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by Etest determined that 60.1% were multidrug resistant (MDR), while 5% of the strains had decreased susceptibility to currently recommended extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Among these, 84.5% of MDR strains and 76.9% of strains that had decreased susceptibility to ESCs were susceptible to gentamicin. No MDR isolate was resistant to gentamicin. These in vitro results suggest that gentamicin might be an effective treatment option for the MDR strains and in dual therapy for gonorrhea. However, further research regarding the clinical treatment outcomes is essential.
An observational study exploring academic mentorship in physical therapy.

BACKGROUND Health professions faculty members often come to the academy without formal training as a professor. A challenge that exists for many new professors is the expectation that they will effectively balance their tripartite roles, which include ensuring teaching excellence, research rigor, and service to the university community. Mentoring has been suggested to be a way that new faculty can be supported as they seek to meet these expectations. Currently, there is limited information on faculty mentoring for physical therapy (PT) faculty. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to discover if and to what extent mentoring is occurring in entry-level PT education for new full-time PT faculty. DESIGN Exploratory, cross-sectional survey research design. METHODS Using the Health Sciences Faculty Mentoring Survey, the authors gathered descriptive data regarding faculty mentoring across entry-level PT education. RESULTS Of the 66 respondents in this study, only 15 faculty members (22.7%) reported having a faculty mentor, with only 10 of these receiving mentorship from within their own PT department. While the sample size was small, the data provide specific information on current mentorship practices in the PT academic community. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the presence of academic mentorship in PT is limited. In light of this finding, the authors sought to provide insight on PT faculty perceptions regarding mentorship in the academy and discuss possible frameworks that can be used to develop and support the tripartite roles of novice faculty as they transition into the academy.
Groundwater and porewater as major sources of alkalinity to a fringing coral reef lagoon (Muri Lagoon, Cook Islands)

To better predict how ocean acidification will affect coral reefs, it is important to understand how biogeochemical cycles on reefs alter carbonate chemistry over various temporal and spatial scales. This study quantifies the contribution of shallow porewater exchange (as quantified from advective chamber incubations) and fresh groundwater discharge (as traced by 222 Rn) to total alkalinity (TA) dynamics on a fringing coral reef lagoon along the southern Pacific island of Rarotonga over a tidal and diel cycle. Benthic alkalinity fluxes were affected by the advective circulation of water through permeable sediments, with net daily flux rates of carbonate alkalinity ranging from −1.55 to 7.76 mmol m −2 d −1 , depending on the advection rate. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was a source of TA to the lagoon, with the highest flux rates measured at low tide, and an average daily TA flux of 1080 mmol m −2 d −1 at the sampling site. Both sources of TA were important on a reef-wide basis, although SGD acted solely as a delivery mechanism of TA to the lagoon, while porewater advection was either a sink or source of TA dependent on the time of day. This study describes overlooked sources of TA to coral reef ecosystems that can potentially alter water column carbonate chemistry. We suggest that porewater and groundwater fluxes of TA should be taken into account in ocean acidification models in order to properly address changing carbonate chemistry within coral reef ecosystems.
Effects of Hydrolyzed Rapeseed Cake Extract on the Quality Characteristics of Mayonnaise Dressing.

Combined fractions (H2 O and 30% and 50% ethanol) of crude rapeseed cake extracts with 80% ethanol were hydrolyzed with NaOH solution. The hydrolyzed extract showed significantly higher contents of total phenolics (41.8 mg SAE/g) and sinapic acid (425.8 mg/g), as well as higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity (91.98 RSC%) than the crude extract (P < 0.05). Antimicrobial activity of the hydrolyzed extract was remarkably higher than that of the crude extract against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast, as determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Hydrolyzed extract (100, 250, or 500 ppm) was added to mayonnaise dressing, and several quality characteristics of the dressing were investigated by assessments of microbial, physical, and oxidative stabilities during 8 wk of storage. Microbial stability was higher in the dressing with hydrolyzed extract added (4.3 to 4.6 Log CFU/g) than the control (4.9 Log CFU/g). Physical characteristics of the dressing with hydrolyzed extract added were better than those of the control, based on increased viscosity and reduced emulsion separation. Hydrolyzed extract increased oxidative stability in a concentration-dependent manner, and the dressing with added 500 ppm of hydrolyzed extract resulted in a lower free fatty acid content (4.8% at week 8), peroxide value (13.5 meq/kg at week 6), and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value (66.2 μg/100 g at week 8) than the control. Therefore, it is expected that hydrolyzed rapeseed cake extract containing high sinapic acid content can be used in emulsion system as a value-added ingredient. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Crude extract of rapeseed cake was fractionated and alkaline-hydrolyzed to convert sinapine into sinapic acid, and the produced hydrolyzed extract showed higher antimicrobial and antioxidative activities than the crude extract. When the hydrolyzed extract was added to mayonnaise dressing, microbial stability increased along with physical characteristics and oxidative stability, thereby supporting the potential of hydrolyzed rapeseed extract as a food additive for quality management of mayonnaise dressing during storage.
In situ Characterization of Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone-I, -III, and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Expression in the Brain of the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

The distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and -III has been extensively characterized by immunocytochemistry in the forebrain of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. However, the cellular location of lamprey GnRH-III mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in the lamprey brain has not been determined. We show for the first time the location of expression of lamprey GnRH-III, as well as provide a more comprehensive in situ study of lamprey GnRH-I and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; GABA-synthesizing enzyme) mRNA expression in the brain of the lamprey in different reproductive life stages. Colorimetric and dual-label fluorescent amplification methods of in situ hybridization were used on brain tissue sections of adult, juvenile, and larval sea lamprey. In each life stage of the lamprey, expression of lamprey GnRH-I was shown in the preoptic area (POA) and the hypothalamus forming the characteristic arc-like cell population extending from the preoptic nucleus (NPO) to the neurohypophysis. Lamprey GnRH-III expression was also seen in the POA of each life stage in close proximity to lamprey GnRH-I mRNA containing neurons. GAD expression was shown in distinct cell clusters in and around the POA, in the olfactory bulb, in the dorsal thalamus beneath the habenular region, and also in the ventral-medial hypothalamus stretching from the periventricular region to the anterior portion of the rhombencephalon. Using dual-label in situ hybridization, we have shown that lamprey GnRH-I and -III mRNA are colocalized in the same cells in the POA in adult lampreys. Dual-label in situ hybridization also showed close proximity of GAD mRNA containing neurons and GnRH containing neurons in the POA. These data suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may directly affect GnRH release in the brain of the sea lamprey.
Variations in disability and quality of life with age and sex between eight lower income and middle-income countries: data from the INDEPTH WHO-SAGE collaboration

Background Disability and quality of life are key outcomes for older people. Little is known about how these measures vary with age and gender across lower income and middle-income countries; such information is necessary to tailor health and social care policy to promote healthy ageing and minimise disability. Methods We analysed data from participants aged 50 years and over from health and demographic surveillance system sites of the International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and their Health Network in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Vietnam, India, Indonesia and Bangladesh, using an abbreviated version of the WHO Study on global AGEing survey instrument. We used the eight-item WHO Quality of Life (WHOQoL) tool to measure quality of life and theWHO Disability Assessment Schedule, version 2 (WHODAS-II) tool to measure disability. We collected selected health status measures via the survey instrument and collected demographic and socioeconomic data from linked surveillance site information. We performed regression analyses to quantify differences between countries in the relationship between age, gender and both quality of life and disability, and we used anchoring vignettes to account for differences in interpretation of disability severity. Results We included 43 935 individuals in the analysis. Mean age was 63.7 years (SD 9.7) and 24 434 (55.6%) were women. In unadjusted analyses across all countries, WHOQoL scores worsened by 0.13 points (95% CI 0.12 to 0.14) per year increase in age and WHODAS scores worsened by 0.60 points (95% CI 0.57 to 0.64). WHODAS-II and WHOQoL scores varied markedly between countries, as did the gradient of scores with increasing age. In regression analyses, differences were not fully explained by age, socioeconomic status, marital status, education or health factors. Differences in disability scores between countries were not explained by differences in anchoring vignette responses. Conclusions The relationship between age, sex and both disability and quality of life varies between countries. The findings may guide tailoring of interventions to individual country needs, although these associations require further study.
Polymorphic variants of the PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor) genes: relevance for athletic performance

The elite athletic phenotype is a complex combination infl uenced by both multiple genes (polygenic) and environmental factors such as training and nutrition. Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with variation in physical traits, which are particularly important for performance in a variety of sports and with the elite athlete status, variants of PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor) genes have emerged as crucial moderators that control the expression of genes encoding enzymes and other proteins involved in energy homeostasis (lipid and carbohydrate metabolism). Accumulated fi ndings from studies showing that combinations of polymorphic markers located in PPAR genes are associated with increased/decreased performance raise the possibility that the PPAR gene variants are true performance enhancing polymorphisms (PEPs) that are believed to have a physiological impact on human body composition and metabolism. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of knowledge on the role of polymorphic variants of PPAR genes in physical performance or health related fi tness phenotypes.
Sex composition of children, parental separation, and parity progression

BACKGROUND Previous studies that have studied parental gender preferences for children have analysed either divorce or parity progression. We use Finnish register data that make it possible to study both events by following the same couples with children over time. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to examine how the sex composition of children relates to parental separation and continued childbearing, considering that within the same institutional context both aspects likely reflect gender preferences for children. METHODS We perform parity-specific Cox regressions where parity progression and separation (divorce and split up, respectively) are treated as two competing events. RESULTS Our results suggest that, in the 1970s and early 1980s, there was a parental boy preference in Finland, which makes the country different from its Nordic neighbours. Both the risks of divorce and continued childbearing were higher among couples with only girls than among those with only boys. This difference had attenuated considerably since the 1970s, and was practically non-existent in the 1990s. Complementary analyses of married and cohabiting couples’ risk of splitting up and continued childbearing support the conclusion. 1 Corresponding author: University of Helsinki and Åbo Akademi University, Finland. Correspondence to Åbo Akademi University, Finland, PO Box 311, FIN-65101 Vasa, Finland. Phone +358 6 3247 476. E-Mail jan.saarela@abo.fi. 2 Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 311, FIN-65101 Vasa, Finland. Phone +358 6 3247 151. E-Mail fjalar.finnas@abo.fi. Saarela & Finnäs: Sex composition of children, parental separation, and parity progression in Finland 50 http://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSIONS As compared with the other Nordic countries, Finland seems to have experienced a later development of implementing modern family roles and a more egalitarian distribution of parents’ attention to sons and daughters. The lag might be due to a relatively late and rapid industrialisation and urbanisation process. COMMENTS As in the United States, the boy preference in Finland seems to have attenuated over time, which would correspond with an increased gender equalisation of society.