Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantization Watermarking for Joint Compression and Data Hiding Schemes

Enrichment and protection of JPEG2000 images is an important issue. Data hiding techniques are a good solution to solve these problems. In this context, we can consider the joint approach to introduce data hiding technique into JPEG2000 coding pipeline. Data hiding consists of imperceptibly altering multimedia content, to convey some information. This process is done in such a way that the hidden data is not perceptible to an observer. Digital watermarking is one type of data hiding. In addition to the imperceptibility and payload constraints, the watermark should be robust against a variety of manipulations or attacks. We focus on trellis coded quantization (TCQ) data hiding techniques and propose two JPEG2000 compression and data hiding schemes. The properties of TCQ quantization, defined in JPEG2000 part 2, are used to perform quantization and information embedding during the same time. The first scheme is designed for content description and management applications with the objective of achieving high payloads. The compression rate/imperceptibility/payload trade off is our main concern. The second joint scheme has been developed for robust watermarking and can have consequently many applications. We achieve the better imperceptibility/robustness trade off in the context of JPEG2000 compression. We provide some experimental results on the implementation of these two schemes.
Polynomial Time Algorithm for 2-Stable Clustering Instances

Clustering with most objective functions is NP-Hard, even to approximate well in the worst case. Recently, there has been work on exploring different notions of stability which lend structure to the problem. The notion of stability, $\alpha$-perturbation resilience, that we study in this paper was originally introduced by Bilu et al.~\cite{Bilu10}. The works of Awasthi et al~\cite{Awasthi12} and Balcan et al.~\cite{Balcan12} provide a polynomial time algorithm for $3$-stable and $(1+\sqrt{2})$-stable instances respectively. This paper provides a polynomial time algorithm for $2$-stable instances, improving on and answering an open question in ~\cite{Balcan12}.
Popular perceptions of emerging influences on mortality and longevity in Bangladesh and West Bengal

Relatively little is known about how environmental and pathological threats to human survival and longevity are perceived by the public. In this study in rural Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, which used individual interviews and focus-group discussions to investigate the changing costs of and motivations for reproduction, respondents were questioned about their perceptions of changes in mortality. The findings show that, while child mortality levels are perceived to have fallen dramatically in recent times, the health and survival prospects of the middle aged and the elderly are seen to have been better in the past. The perceived decline in adult health is attributed to environmental deterioration and lifestyle changes accompanying modernization. This paper explores people's reasons for this unexpected worldview. References to pesticides and chemical fertilizers as causes of death abound in their explanations and are seen to be associated with unhealthy agricultural practices and impiety.
Modulation of Gamma and Alpha Activity during a Working Memory Task Engaging the Dorsal or Ventral Stream

Despite extensive experimental work in both animals and humans, the actual role of oscillatory brain activity for working memory maintenance remains elusive. Gamma band activity (30–100 Hz) has been hypothesized to reflect either the maintenance of neuronal representations or changing demands in attention. Regarding posterior alpha activity (8–13 Hz), it is under debate whether it reflects functional inhibition or neuronal processing required for the task. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the role of oscillatory brain activity in humans using a working memory task engaging either the dorsal or ventral visual stream. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography from subjects performing a delayed-match-to-sample task. Subjects were instructed to remember either the identity or the spatial orientation of shortly presented faces. The analysis revealed stronger alpha power around the parieto-occipital sulcus during retention of face identities (ventral stream) compared with the retention of face orientations (dorsal stream). In contrast, successful retention of face orientations was associated with an increase in gamma power in the occipital lobe relative to the face identity condition. We propose that gamma activity reflects the actual neuronal maintenance of visual representations, whereas the alpha increase is a result of functional inhibition.
Optimization of trailing vortex destruction by evolution strategies

We apply evolution strategies to optimize the instability growth of several pairs of vortices which model the wake of airplanes in landing configuration. For the case of two pairs, the evolution strategy finds a set of optimal parameters strikingly similar to those found in the linear stability analysis of Crouch (1997). The case of four pairs is also considered and leads to a larger distortion of the tip vortex.
MRSA bacteraemia in patients on arrival in hospital: a cohort study in Oxfordshire 1997-2003

Abstract Objective To describe the incidence and determinants of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) bacteraemia in patients presenting to acute hospitals. Design Anonymised record linkage study with information from hospital information systems and microbiology databases. Setting One teaching hospital and one district general hospital in Oxfordshire. Participants All patients admitted to a teaching hospital 1 April 1997 to 31 March 2003 and to a district general hospital 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2003. Main outcome measures Detection of MRSA and MSSA from blood cultures taken during the first two days of admission to hospital. Results In the teaching hospital, there were 479 patients with MSSA and 116 with MRSA bacteraemia admitted from the community. Among this group, which comprised 24% of all hospital MRSA cases, 31% (36 cases) of patients had been admitted to renal, oncology, or haematology services for intensive day case therapy. The 69% remaining were most commonly patients admitted as medical or surgical emergencies. At least 91% had been in hospital previously; the median time since discharge was 46 days. About half of cases were in patients in whom MRSA had not been isolated before. Similar epidemiology was observed in the district general hospital. Conclusion Diagnostic algorithms and policies on use of antibiotics need to reflect the fact that a quarter of hospital MRSA cases occur in patients who have previously been in hospital and are subsequently readmitted.
Line formation in solar granulation I. Fe line shapes, shifts and asymmetries

Realistic ab-initio 3D, radiative-hydrodynamical convection simulations of the solar granulation have been ap- plied to Fei and Feii line formation. In contrast to classical analyses based on hydrostatic 1D model atmospheres the pro- cedure contains no adjustable free parameters but the treatment of the numerical viscosity in the construction of the 3D, time- dependent, inhomogeneous model atmosphere and the elemen- tal abundance in the 3D spectral synthesis. However, the nu- merical viscosity is introduced purely for numerical stability purposes and is determined from standard hydrodynamical test cases with no adjustments allowed to improve the agreement with the observational constraints from the solar granulation. The non-thermal line broadening is mainly provided by the Doppler shifts arising from the convective flows in the solar photosphere and the solar oscillations. The almost perfect agree- ment between the predicted temporally and spatially averaged line profiles for weak Fe lines with the observed profiles and the absence of trends in derived abundances with line strengths, seem to imply that the micro- and macroturbulence concepts are obsolete in these 3D analyses. Furthermore, the theoretical line asymmetries and shifts show a very satisfactory agreement with observations with an accuracy of typically 50-100 ms 1 on an absolute velocity scale. The remaining minor discrep- ancies point to how the convection simulations can be refined further.
Routes To Roots: Second-Generation Turks From Germany ‘Return’ To Turkey

Abstract Based on 26 in-depth interviews with German-born second-generation adults of Turkish parentage who have relocated to the Istanbul region, this paper consists of three parts corresponding to three questions regarding: (i) their memories of growing up in Germany, (ii) the circumstances and motivations surrounding their ‘return’ and (iii) their experiences of life in Turkey since return. We draw on the conceptual notion of ‘third space’ to propose that the secondgeneration returnees occupy a fourth socio-cultural space that is distinct from German society, Turkish society and the Turkish immigrant community in Germany.
Dual effects of precipitation and evaporation on lake water stable isotope composition in the monsoon region

We present the results of a 3‐year monitoring programme of the stable isotope composition of lake water and precipitation at Taozi Lake, in the East Asian monsoon region of China. Our aims were to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of variation of stable isotopes in a small closed‐basin lake and to quantitatively determine the impacts of precipitation and evaporation on the stable isotope composition of lake water under a humid monsoon climate. In the time domain, the stable oxygen isotopic ratio of the lake water (δ18OL) exhibited substantial seasonal and interannual variations, but the isotope variations between different precipitation events substantially exceeded seasonal and interannual variations. Compared with the stable isotopes in precipitation, δ18OL was substantially positive and dL was negative. In the space domains, the lake water was homogeneously mixed. Indicated by statistic analyses, precipitation plays a dominant role in dynamic of the lake stable isotope during precipitation events of relatively large magnitude, whereas the effect of evaporation is dominant during smaller precipitation events. Results advance our understanding of the stable isotope change rule in the process of lake water evaporation, and it is helpful to identify the climatic significance recorded in stable isotopic compositions of lake bottom sediments.
A New Insight into the Role of Calpains in Post-mortem Meat Tenderization in Domestic Animals: A review

Tenderness is the most important meat quality trait, which is determined by intracellular environment and extracellular matrix. Particularly, specific protein degradation and protein modification can disrupt the architecture and integrity of muscle cells so that improves the meat tenderness. Endogenous proteolytic systems are responsible for modifying proteinases as well as the meat tenderization. Abundant evidence has testified that calpains (CAPNs) including calpain I (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) have the closest relationship with tenderness in livestock. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes including muscle growth and differentiation, pathological conditions and post-mortem meat aging. Whereas, Calpain3 (CAPN3) has been established as an important activating enzyme specifically expressed in livestock’s skeletal muscle, but its role in domestic animals meat tenderization remains controversial. In this review, we summarize the role of CAPN1, calpain II (CAPN2) and CAST in post-mortem meat tenderization, and analyse the relationship between CAPN3 and tenderness in domestic animals. Besides, the possible mechanism affecting post-mortem meat aging and improving meat tenderization, and current possible causes responsible for divergence (whether CAPN3 contributes to animal meat tenderization or not) are inferred. Only the possible mechanism of CAPN3 in meat tenderization has been confirmed, while its exact role still needs to be studied further.
Understanding Prostate Cancer Patients’ Support Needs: How Do They Manage Living With Cancer?

Survivorship concerns are common after prostate cancer with many survivors experiencing long-term and late effects of treatment. Patient navigation has been promoted to improve continuity of care. While many studies have examined the potential benefits of patient navigation by health-care professionals for the screening and diagnostic phase, few are focused on peer navigation for prostate cancer patients in the treatment and posttreatment survivorship phase. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the perceptions of men with prostate cancer and the partners of such men regarding their support needs and experiences. In depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 men who were prostate cancer survivors and 4 partners. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify themes and patterns across the interviews. According to the results, participants had experienced uncertainty regarding their test results and treatment options. Many participants had dealt with these challenges by researching information and seeking support from health-care professionals, family members, and fellow prostate cancer patients. Four themes are highlighted: (a) dealing with the unknown, (b) everyone is different, (c) keep looking forward, and (d) getting on with it. Overall participants held favorable views of peer support. Sharing one’s experiences with an empathic peer who has completed treatment can reassure the patient that he is not alone. Knowing what to expect empowers men and their partners to manage the illness and effects of treatment. This research provides insights into the scope of patients’ and partners’ informational and psychosocial needs and preferred coping strategies.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Management and Development in Individual Entrepreneurship at Industrial

Goal of this paper is studying relationship between knowledge management and five dimensions of that (management, ideas, missions, learning organization and work of group according to Sallis and Jones). as the independent variables and the individual entrepreneurship of personnel of industrial parts in Khorasan Razavi as the dependent variable. Furthermore the variables like generic state, age, education and CV are known here as adjustment variables. This project is descriptive and applicable. It is field and survey type and using standard questionnaires also using descriptive and inferential statistics on population, including managers, assistances, employees. According to results knowledge management, ideas, missions and work of group have effect on individual entrepreneurship of personnel. And there is a meaningful relationship between them, but there is not such a connection among management, learning organization and strategy in organization. So according to these results its better for managers in order to improvement the entrepreneurship let more and more ideas and also advise the personnel about the group working.
Prevention of muscle disuse atrophy by low-frequency electrical stimulation in rats

When muscles lose neural drive, they atrophy rapidly. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMS) has been used in attempts to prevent or reverse the atrophy, but optimal stimulation programs and parameters are not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of four different stimulation patterns on disuse atrophy produced in the tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles of rats paralyzed with tetrodotoxin for seven days. Stimulation paradigms differed from one another by their stimulation frequency (2 or 10 pulses/s) and by their stimulation period (2 or 10 h a day). Results showed that stimulation with 2 pulses/s, paradigms were more effective at preventing disuse muscle atrophy than higher-frequency stimulation. The most marked difference was in the slow soleus muscle, which had only 10% mean atrophy when stimulated at 2 pulses/s for 10 h, compared to 26% atrophy when stimulated at 10 pulses/s for either 2 or 10 h and 32% atrophy in unstimulated, paralyzed controls. The level of atrophic change was not correlated with the levels of serum creatine kinase, used as an index of muscle damage. Results suggest that remediation of disuse atrophy may be accomplished using unphysiologically low rates of motor-unit activation despite the relatively low force produced by such unfused contractions. This may have significant implications for the design of therapies for muscle paralysis consequent to upper-motoneuron lesions.
Analisis Relevansi Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dan Lingkungan Kampus Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi di Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Entrepreneurship ecosystem development is new concept to support entrepreneurship education in higher education institution. The objective of this research is to analyze the relevance between entrepreneurship education and university environment to encoura ge student entrepreneurial intention in higher education institution. Higher education institution is university or higher institution in West Java, Indonesia, that have business faculty or entrepreneurship subject in their study of program, also supportin g by conducive environment that liven up entrepreneurial activity. The population of the research are students in University/Institution in surrounding West Java Area that already learned entrepreneurship subject and operated business simulation in real wo rld. Quantitative method by survey is used for this research. Data collection is using questionnaire with likert scale 1 - 7. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is use to analyze data to justify the significancy of the model. The novelty of this research is to see the relationship between entrepreneurial education and campus environment toward student entrepreneurial motivation and intention as one holistic system that influence each other. Also, the results of this research can be used to development repreneurial higher education institution ecosystem model in Indonesia
HLA-A Alleles and the Risk of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Japanese Women

Background We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A) allele polymorphism and the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia among Japanese women. Methods A total of 119 patients with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma were compared to 119 age- and menopausal status-matched non-cancer controls. Blood samples were taken from all cases and controls and lifestyle information was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The estimated impact of HLA-A alleles on cervical cancer risk was evaluated by unconditional logistic regression models. Results The frequency of HLA-A*0206 among cases was significantly lower than among controls (P = 0.006). There was an inverse association between A*0206 and cervical cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.15 to 0.65, P = 0.002), and a positive association for HLA-A*2402 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.00 to 3.09, P = 0.048). After correction for multiple comparisons, A*0206 was significantly associated with reduced cervical cancer risk (corrected P = 0.036). Furthermore, the inverse association between A*0206 and cervical cancer risk was independent of smoking status (never smoker: OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.90; ever smoker: OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.89). Conclusions There was an inverse association between HLA-A*0206 and cervical cancer risk among Japanese women, which suggests that HLA-A polymorphism influences cervical cancer risk. Further investigation in other populations is thus warranted.
Our neoliberal fantasies? A preliminary test of research trends in leading journals in work and organizational psychology

ABSTRACT Prior to engaging in a substantive discussion on the supposed influence of neoliberalism on research in work and organizational psychology (WOP), it is important to verify the empirical basis of the trends advanced by Bal and Dóci (Neoliberal ideology in work and organizational psychology, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology [Online First Publication, 2018]). To this end, we content analysed 745 abstracts of empirical studies published in leading WOP journals during the years 2006–2007 and 2016–2017. Results of our content analysis do not support the hypothesized trends towards more instrumentality and individualism in WOP research, suggesting that Bal and Dóci’s (2018) portrayal of the WOP literature does not provide a solid basis for discussion. On the basis of our findings, we conclude with recommendations to broaden the scope of WOP research to also include macro-level, societal issues.
CasCap: cloud-assisted context-aware power management for mobile devices

Energy consumption of wireless data communications on mobile devices is growing due to the increase in mobile data traffic caused by the popularity of mobile Internet applications. To address this issue, we propose CasCap, a novel cloud-assisted context-aware power management framework, which takes advantage of the processing, storage and networking resources in the cloud to provide secure, low-cost and efficient power management for mobile devices. CasCap is featured by crowd-sourced context monitoring, functionality offloading to the cloud, and providing adaptations as services. We give three example scenarios where wireless data communications are adapted to network conditions, traffic characteristics and location information. Our preliminary results show the potential of using CasCap to improve energy efficiency in wireless data communications.
Estimation by MinxEnt Principle

In this study, the proportions of electricity consumption of Turkey in respect of some industrial sectors are estimated by using Kullback's Minimum Cross-Entropy Principle which is a method of deriving probability distribution. This estimation problem is considered as an entropic optimization problem. The problem is transformed to a functional equation by Lagrange's multipliers method and solved by Newton's Method. A Visual Basic program is written for the whole of the solution process in order to estimate the proportions. Furthermore, these estimated proportions are compared to observed proportions and the results are interpreted.
Sidestepping the Combinatorial Explosion: An Explanation of n-gram Frequency Effects Based on Naive Discriminative Learning

Arnon and Snider ((2010). More than words: Frequency effects for multi-word phrases. Journal of Memory and Language, 62, 67–82) documented frequency effects for compositional four-grams independently of the frequencies of lower-order n-grams. They argue that comprehenders apparently store frequency information about multi-word units. We show that n-gram frequency effects can emerge in a parameter-free computational model driven by naive discriminative learning, trained on a sample of 300,000 four-word phrases from the British National Corpus. The discriminative learning model is a full decomposition model, associating orthographic input features straightforwardly with meanings. The model does not make use of separate representations for derived or inflected words, nor for compounds, nor for phrases. Nevertheless, frequency effects are correctly predicted for all these linguistic units. Naive discriminative learning provides the simplest and most economical explanation for frequency effects in language processing, obviating the need to posit counters in the head for, and the existence of, hundreds of millions of n-gram representations.