Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caregiver stress and noncaregiver stress: exploring the pathways of psychiatric morbidity.

PURPOSE This study examines depressive symptoms among adult children of elderly parents; it views the parents' care needs and child's care activities as two separate stressors, different combinations of which may affect both caregiving and noncaregiving family members. DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 4,380 women and 3,965 men from the first wave of the Health and Retirement Study was analyzed by use of four alternative forms of multiple regression analysis. Using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, respondents reported on their depressive symptoms, as well as on parental disability and care provided by themselves, their spouses, and siblings. RESULTS Noncaregivers reporting severe parental disability were significantly more likely to experience depression symptoms. Evidence of increased manifestations of depression was not found among those caring for severely disabled relatives; nor was it found among those providing care in the absence of severe parental care needs. Having a caregiving sibling was associated with increased CES-D scores among noncaregivers. IMPLICATIONS In the current literature, personal care needs of a close relative are named among significant disturbances in the lives of caregivers. By extending this approach to members of a family network regardless of caregiver status, this study allows us to distinguish the magnitude of negative outcomes of serious parental care needs while clarifying the impact uniquely attributable to caregiving activities.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONTROLE SOCIAL NA FISCALIZAÇÃO DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a importância do controle social para auxiliar a fiscalizacao dos gastos publicos; afinal, o controle social e compreendido como controle da sociedade sobre as acoes governamentais; contudo, ainda incipiente no Estado Democratico de Direito, tendo sido implementado no Brasil a partir da promulgacao da Constituicao Federal de 1988, que impoe a accountability aos gestores publicos, exigindo a transparencia administrativa do Estado e facultando a participacao popular como direito fundamental para o exercicio da cidadania. O gestor publico tem que prestar contas na forma da lei dando transparencia dos atos de gestao, informando a populacao e, oferecendo condicoes de participacao e fiscalizacao atraves do controle social e orgaos competentes. Dai, a necessidade de se observar as contribuicoes, os meios e limitacoes do controle social e sua participacao na fiscalizacao dos gastos publicos. Atraves de uma pesquisa bibliografica, este trabalho, inicialmente, destaca o Controle Governamental, ou seja, o Controle Interno; em seguida, trata o Controle Social e seus aspectos conceituais, discutindo a questao da transparencia; para entao discorrer sobre a questao da fiscalizacao, abordando os Tribunais de Contas, a Inter-relacao Controle Governamental e Controle Social e outros aspectos do Controle Social em relacao aos Gastos Publicos. Por fim, apresenta conclusoes que de uma maneira geral, sao concisas e despretensiosas em sua intencao de fechar o assunto.
The validity of individual frontal alpha asymmetry EEG neurofeedback.

Frontal asymmetry in alpha oscillations is assumed to be associated with psychopathology and individual differences in emotional responding. Brain-activity-based feedback is a promising tool for the modulation of cortical activity. Here, we validated a neurofeedback protocol designed to change relative frontal asymmetry based on individual alpha peak frequencies, including real-time average referencing and eye-correction. Participants (N = 60) were randomly assigned to a right, left or placebo neurofeedback group. Results show a difference in trainability between groups, with a linear change in frontal alpha asymmetry over time for the right neurofeedback group during rest. Moreover, the asymmetry changes in the right group were frequency and location specific, even though trainability did not persist at 1 week and 1 month follow-ups. On the behavioral level, subjective stress on the second test day was reduced in the left and placebo neurofeedback groups, but not in the right neurofeedback group. We found individual differences in trainability that were dependent on training group, with participants in the right neurofeedback group being more likely to change their frontal asymmetry in the desired direction. Individual differences in trainability were also reflected in the ability to change frontal asymmetry during the feedback.
Model With Minimal Translation Units, But Decode With Phrases

N-gram-based models co-exist with their phrase-based counterparts as an alternative SMT framework. Both techniques have pros and cons. While the N-gram-based framework provides a better model that captures both source and target contexts and avoids spurious phrasal segmentation, the ability to memorize and produce larger translation units gives an edge to the phrase-based systems during decoding, in terms of better search performance and superior selection of translation units. In this paper we combine N-grambased modeling with phrase-based decoding, and obtain the benefits of both approaches. Our experiments show that using this combination not only improves the search accuracy of the N-gram model but that it also improves the BLEU scores. Our system outperforms state-of-the-art phrase-based systems (Moses and Phrasal) and N-gram-based systems by a significant margin on German, French and Spanish to English translation tasks.
Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness According to Aeroallergen Sensitization Pattern in Patients With Lower Airway Symptoms

Purpose Sensitization to specific allergens may be important in the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We evaluated the effect of specific aeroallergen sensitization on eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR. Methods We reviewed retrospectively the clinical data of subjects who underwent skin prick tests to aeroallergens, induced sputum analysis, and methacholine bronchial provocation tests to evaluate lower airway symptoms as well as analyzed the associations between the pattern of aeroallergen sensitization and sputum eosinophilia or AHR. Results Of the 1,202 subjects be enrolled, 534 (44.4%) were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen in skin tests. AHR was demonstrated in 23.5% and sputum eosinophilia in 38.8%. Sputum eosinophilia was significantly associated with sensitization to perennial allergens (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5), house dust mite (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3), dog (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3), and cat (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.4). AHR was associated with sensitization to perennial allergens (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.0-3.7), house dust mite (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6 3.2), Alternaria (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7), and cat (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7-4.3). Sensitization to more perennial allergens increased the risk for sputum eosinophilia and AHR. There was no relationship with individual seasonal allergens. Conclusion The development of airway eosinophilic inflammation and AHR in an adult Korean population was associated with sensitization to perennial allergens rather than seasonal allergens.
The real victims of the islamic feast of sacrifice: injuries related to the sacrifice.

BACKGROUND During the Feast of Sacrifice in Muslim countries, thousands of animals are slaughtered every year. Many injuries occur during the sacrifice. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the demographic characteristics of patients, their slaughtering experience, types of injury, and related hospital costs. METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted in Emergency Departments (EDs) of Gazi University and Ankara Training and Research Hospital. One hundred and twenty adult patients were admitted to EDs with injuries related to the slaughter and processing of meat during two consecutive Feasts of Sacrifice. RESULTS The average age of patients was 41.85 +/- 13.6, and 101 patients (84.2%) were male. One hundred sixteen patients (96.7%) were not professionals. Ninety-seven patients (80.8%) were admitted to EDs on the first day of the feasts. Ninety-nine injuries (82.5%) were related to cutting tools, and 21 patients (17.5%) were admitted with complaints of either falling or being harmed by animals. Fourteen patients (11.7%) with tendon lacerations, finger amputations, extremity fractures, and eye traumas were taken into surgery. Hospital costs were a median 104.76 [67.48-322.12] Turkish Liras (74.30 [47.86-228.45] USD). CONCLUSION Proper conditions for slaughter should be provided and professionals should perform the slaughter and/or processing of the meat. EDs should be supplied both more equipment and physicians, especially on the first days of the feast.
A design method for look-up table type FPGA by pseudo-Kronecker expansion

In FPGA design, interconnections are often more expensive than logic. FPGAs using 3-input lookup tables (LUTs) require many logical levels and complex interconnections. On the other hand, FPGAs using 6-input LUTs require fewer interconnections and fewer logical levels. We show a method to represent logic functions by using pseudo-Kronecker diagrams (PKDD's). Experimental results show that 2-valued PKDDs require 29% fewer nodes than BDDs, and 4-valued PKDDs require 23% fewer than QDDs, the 4-valued extension of BDDs. Thus, this method is useful for the design of FPGAs with 6-input LUTs. However, when LUTs have less than 6-inputs, this method is not applicable. <<ETX>>
On Ethics and Economics

In this elegant critique, Amartya Sen argues that welfare economics can be enriched by paying more explicit attention fo ethics, and that modern ethical studies can also benefit from a closer contact with economics. Predicitive and descriptive economics can be helped by making room for welfare-economic considerations in the explanation of behaviour. In this context, he explores the rationality of behaviour and pays particular attention to social interdependence and internal tensions within consequential reasoning.
Psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire among nurses.

AIM This paper reports a study investigating the psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire among nurses. BACKGROUND Although the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is one of the most widely used instruments to measure the multifactor leadership theory in organizational sciences, inconsistent research findings have been reported for its psychometric properties. Little is known about these properties. METHOD Data were gathered by postal questionnaires in 2001-2002 with nurses working in different healthcare organizations in Finland. A follow-up study was performed 1-year later. The sample consisted of 601 nurses and nurse leaders, and the follow-up study had 78 respondents. The internal consistency of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was explored using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-analysis, and the test-retest reliability using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient (single measure intra-class correlation coefficient). The factor structure was studied using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS The internal consistencies of the leadership subscales were satisfactory. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was fairly stable measured at the 1-year interval. Although the data fail to support the full nine-factor model, a reduced set of items from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire appears to show evidence of the three- and six-factor structures. Exploratory factor analysis showed evidence for the three-factor structure consisting of three distinctive, yet partly related leadership subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis showed evidence for the six-factor structure. CONCLUSION The psychometric data suggest that a modified version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is a highly suitable instrument to measure multidimensional nursing leadership. Validity and reliability were supported. The results can be used in studies applying the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire.
Macular displacement following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

Aims To investigate the incidence of macula displacement and symptoms of distortion following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, quantify the displacement where seen and further characterise the nature of the displacement. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing primary RRD repair were assessed postoperatively with fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging, and the extent of macula displacement quantified using a novel means. Findings were examined for correlations with symptoms and pre-operative features. Results Macula displacement was evident postoperatively in 72% of 32 consecutive fovea-involving detachments treated with vitrectomy and gas. It was also evident in 5/17 foveal-sparing cases treated with vitrectomy and gas and in two of two patients with fovea-involving detachments treated with vitrectomy and oil. There was a significant correlation between the presence of macula displacement and symptoms of distortion in the early postoperative period (p=0.013). Symptomatic patients described bending of lines with or without objects appearing smaller or narrower in the operated eye. Quantifying the displacement demonstrated that the extent of displacement was associated with distance from the optic disc (p=0.005) and the extent of retinal detachment. Conclusions Displacement of the macula is common following RRD repair and heterogeneous in nature. Most affected patients are symptomatic in the early postoperative period.
EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

From January 1999 to April 2002, 14 free-ranging elk were darted with a mixture of Telazol® reconstituted with xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) in a forested habitat in southwestern Oklahoma and north-central Arkansas. Elk were darted from ground blinds, tree stands, or a vehicle at distances of 14–46 m and were recovered 37–274 m from the dart site. Elk were located using radiotelemetry with 3-cc disposable Pneu-dart® transmitter darts. Mean±SD dose of Telazol® and xylazine HCl was 590±192 mg/ml and 276±153 mg/ml, respectively, and mean time to standing after injection of reversal agent was 27 min (range: 1–65 min). The combination of Telazol® and xylazine HCl successfully immobilized free-ranging elk, and transmitter-equipped darts permitted successful location of sedated elk by two people in areas of dense forest cover. The dose required to sedate elk appeared to vary depending on physiology and behavior, but no drug-induced mortality occurred despite the wide variance in the doses administered. We recommend 500 mg Telazol® reconstituted with 300 mg xylazine HCl as an initial dose for a ≥200 kg elk. If needed to achieve full sedation, up to 3 additional ml of the mixture may be administered without adverse effects.
Eye injuries from fireworks in Western Sweden.

PURPOSE To investigate the extent and type of as well as the circumstances connected with, ocular injuries caused by pyrotechnical products in the Western region of Sweden (1 750 000 inhabitants). METHODS A three-year prospective observational study was carried out to register, interview and follow-up all patients with ocular injuries caused by fireworks. The patients were reported by all ophthalmologists in the area. RESULTS 52 patients (72 injured eyes) were reported, 49 males and 3 females. 39 of 52 (75%) were younger than 18 years. 15 patients (including the three females) were bystanders. The injuries ranged from conjunctivitis to complete loss of the eye. The pyrotechnical device had been manipulated or misused in 19 (37%) of the 52 accidents. Seriousness of injury could not be correlated to type of device or to whether the injured person was active in launching the firework or not. 20 (38%) of the 52 patients had permanent damage to the eye. CONCLUSION Ocular injuries from fireworks remain a problem. Preventive measures such as protective glasses and legislation are being discussed.
Color Image Stegananalysis Using Correlations between RGB Channels

Digital images, especially color images, are very widely used, as well as traded via Internet, e-mail and posting on websites. Images have a large size which allows embedding secret messages of large size, so they are a good medium for digital steganography. The main goal of steganalysis is to detect the presence of hidden messages in digital media. In this paper, we propose a steganalysis method based on color feature correlation and machine learning classification. Fusing features with features obtained from color-rich models allows to increase the detect ability of hidden messages in the color images. Our novel proposition uses the correlation between different channels of color images. Features are extracted from the channel correlation and co-occurrence correlation. In this work, all stego images are created with a range of different payload sizes using two steganography S-UNIWARD and WOW algorithms. To validate the proposed method, his efficiency is demonstrated by comparison with color rich model steg analysis.
Towards a relational framework for pathological gambling (Part I): Five circuits

Relationship patterns before and after pathological gambling were investigated qualitatively using eight in-depth clinical case studies in which one partner met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV pathological gambling criteria. Five circuits of couple interactions are described: (i) fault-lines; (ii) pressure points; (iii) escalation; (iv) relapse and (v) congruence. The exploration of these circuits is developed in two complementary articles. This first article delineates the first four circuits as recursive self-perpetuating cycles of couple distress in systemic interaction with pathological gambling development and relapse. The second article delineates how a couple can be helped to extricate themselves from these recursive circuits through ‘congruence’. Implications of this relational formulation of pathological gambling for conceptualization, assessment and treatment are discussed.
Pengaruh variabel keuangan dan non keuangan Terhadap underpricing pada perusahaan yang melakukan initialpublic offering (ipo) Di bursa efek indonesia

The study aimed to examine the influence of factors in finance (ROA, leverage, and firm’s size) and non-finance (issue price, underwriter’s reputations, percentage of shares sold to public, time IPO and firm’s age) on underpricing. Referring to the purposive sampling method, the number of samples in this study was 66 firms go public that underpriced from 2000 to 2007. Data analysis used t test, F test, R 2 test, and double linier regression. The test of financial variable influence on underpricing, significant variables were ROA at 10 % level of significance, and leverage at 1 % level of significance. The firm’s size variable influence on underpricing was insignificant. The F test showed that the financial variable influenced underpricing simultaneously. The independent variable in the model could explain the dependent variable at 38.7%. The test of non-financial variable influence on underpricing, significant variables were the issue price at 1 % level of significance, underwriter’s reputations at 5 % level of significance, percentage of shares sold to public at 10 % level of significance, and time IPO at 1 % level of significance. The firm’s age variable influence on underpricing was insignificant. It means that the non-financial variable influenced underpricing simultaneously. The independent variable in the model could explain the dependent variable at 56.7%. Looked at the R 2 test, non- financial variable have more dominant influenced underpricing.
Critical social theory and transformative learning: evidence in pre‐service teachers’ service‐learning reflection logs

This paper reports on the opportunities for transformational learning experienced by a group of pre‐service teachers who were engaged in service‐learning as a pedagogical process with a focus on reflection. Critical social theory informed the design of the reflection process as it enabled a move away from knowledge transmission toward knowledge transformation. The structured reflection log was designed to illustrate the critical social theory expectations of quality learning that teach students to think critically: ideology critique and utopian critique. Butin’s lenses and a reflection framework informed by the work of Bain, Ballantyne, Mills and Lester were used in the design of the service‐learning reflection log. Reported data provide evidence of transformational learning and highlight how the students critique their world and imagine how they could contribute to a better world in their work as a beginning teacher.
Parental Relationship as a Correlate of Psychological Wellbeing of South Eastern Nigerian Adolescents

The study investigated influence of parental relationship on the psychological wellbeing of southeastern adolescents. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study with 4000 (2000 males and 2000 females) adolescents in senior secondary II from schools in Abia, Enugu, Imo and Anambra States of Nigeria as the sample. A questionnaire whose reliability coefficient was 0.60 was used to collect information. The result showed that: the adolescents have more emotional and social than personal problems; among others. The finding lends credence to Videon's (2005) report that parents (mothers and fathers) have a lot of influence on adolescent psychological wellbeing. It was recommended that guidance counselors should handle each adolescent problem with full knowledge of the cultural milieu and gender of clients in addition to organizing family seminars on parenting practices and parent/adolescent relationship.
The importance of gender and affect in the socialization of adolescents’ beliefs about benevolent authority: Evidence from Chinese indigenous psychology

Belief in the benevolence and moral legitimacy of leaders in central government is theorized as a form of cultural capital consistent with the hierarchical relationalism of East Asian societies with Confucian roots. A reliable measure of benevolent authority beliefs (BAB) is introduced, and its convergent and discriminant validity relative to established measures of institutional trust are established. Its socialization as part of the political culture of Taiwan was examined among high school adolescents aged 13–16. Significant gender differences were found inconsistent with traditional patriarchy. Regression analyses showed that within the relationship with mothers but not fathers, adolescents associated higher reciprocal filial piety, authoritative parenting, and authentic (positive) affect with higher BAB. For daughters but not sons, reciprocal filial piety, authoritative parenting style, and authentic (positive) affect in the relationship with their father were positively associated with BAB. Affect-based transfer from parent-child relationships rather than authoritarian obligations based on rote learning was a key socializing factor in a contemporary Chinese society.