Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building Acoustic Models for a Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognizer for Russian

Different types of acoustic models created at Speec h Technology Center are evaluated in this paper. Our main goal was to test how well those models work and choose one model for implementation in a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system for Russian which is under development now. Context-independent discrete and continuous models, as well as context-dependent con tinuous models, were built and evaluated on an isolated wor d recognition task. The results gained with the conte xtdependent continuous model prove its consistency and show it can be used for acoustic modelling in a large vocab ulary speech recognizer.
Unfoldings of Singular Hopf Bifurcation

Singular Hopf bifurcation occurs in generic families of vector fields with two slow variables and one fast variable. Prototypes for this bifurcation depend upon several parameters, and the dynamics displayed by these systems is intricate. The core of this paper is a numerical investigation of the bifurcations in one prototypical family. It presents extensive diagrams of bifurcations of equilibrium points and periodic orbits that are close to singular Hopf bifurcation. In addition, parameters are determined where there is a tangency between invariant manifolds that are important in the appearance of mixed-mode oscillations in systems near singular Hopf bifurcation. One parameter of the prototype is identified as the primary bifurcation parameter, and the paper presents a catalogue of bifurcation sequences that occur as the primary bifurcation parameter is varied. These results are applied to estimating the parameters for the onset of mixed-mode oscillations in a model of chemical oscillations.
EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITION IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY

After reviewing some recent developments in the airline industry, this article tests two hypotheses that were central to the argument for deregulation: (1) that CAB regulation caused airlines to employ excess capacity relative to the capacity that would be provided under unregulated competition; and (2) that potential competition would keep fares at cost even in highly concentrated markets. An econometric analysis of these hypotheses based on postderegulation data suggests that the excess capacity hypothesis is essentially confirmed. In contrast, the pattern of fares in late 1980 and early 1981 does not support the potential competition hypothesis that fares are independent of market concentration.
Species-dependent differences of embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells after Interferon gamma treatment

Pluripotent stem cell (pSC)-derived, neural stem cells (NSCs) are actually extensively explored in the field of neuroregeneration and to clarify disease mechanisms or model neurological diseases in vitro. Regarding the latter, proliferation and differentiation of pSC-derived NSCs are investigated under the influence of a variety of different substances among them key players of inflammation. However, results generated on a murine genetic background are not always representative for the human situation which increasingly leads to the application of human cell culture systems derived from human pSCs. We investigated here, if the recently described interferon gamma (IFNγ)-induced dysregulated neural phenotype characterized by simultaneous expression of glial and neuronal markers on murine NSCs (Walter et al., 2011, 2012) can also be found on a human genetic background. For this purpose, we performed experiments with human embryonic stem cell-derived NSCs. We could show that the IFNγ-induced dysregulated neural phenotype cannot be induced in human NSCs. This difference occurs, although typical genes like signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (Stat 1) or interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF-9) are similarly regulated by IFNγ in both, murine and human populations. These results illustrate that fundamental differences between murine and human neural populations exist in vitro, independent of anatomical system-related properties.
Depth-adaptive superpixels

We propose a novel oversegmentation technique for RGB-D images. The visible surface of the 3D geometry is partitioned into uniformly distributed and equally sized planar patches. This results in a classic over-segmentation of pixels into depth-adaptive superpixels which correctly reflect deformation through perspective projection. The advantages of depth-adaptive superpixels (DASP) are demonstrated by using spectral graph theory to create image segmentations in near realtime. Our algorithms outperform state-of-the-art oversegmentation and image segmentation algorithms both in quality and runtime.
Clinical and subclinical deficits at 8 years in a geographically defined cohort of low birthweight infants.

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of subclinical deficits in cognitive and motor function in low birthweight infants. DESIGN--Children of birth weight < or = 2000 g born to mothers resident in Merseyside in 1980-1 assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Neale analysis of reading ability, and the Stott-Moyes-Henderson test of motor impairment (TOMI). Children attending normal schools assessed with controls matched for age, sex, and class in school. Children attending special schools were assessed unmatched. SUBJECTS--233 matched index case-control pairs attending normal primary schools and 46 unmatched children attending special schools. SETTING--Primary and special schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--IQ score, reading age in months, and TOMI score. RESULTS: Index cases when compared with controls had a lower WISC score (mean IQ difference 8.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8 to 10.7), a lower reading age (mean difference 6.5 months; 95% CI 4.0 to 9.0), and poorer motor performance as shown by the TOMI score (mean difference 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8). Of the children attending special schools, 23/46 (50%) had a WISC score < or = 50. CONCLUSIONS--Low birthweight children have significant subclinical deficits of cognitive and motor function and extra resources, especially in education, may be required to meet their needs.
Transinfection of Wolbachia in Planthoppers: Nymphal Injection of Cultured Wolbachia and Infection Dynamics

ABSTRACT Wolbachia species are intracellular symbionts that cause reproductive alterations in arthropods. Transinfection experiments have been performed in many arthropod species to elucidate the interaction between Wolbachia and a new host. To ease transinfection of this bacterium to new arthropod hosts, we introduced two techniques: nymphal injection instead of embryonic injection and the use of a cultured source of Wolbachia instead of direct transfer from donors to recipients. Wolbachia in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus was cultivated in a cell line and injected into the nymphal body cavity of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens together with the cells. By using these techniques, two transinfected planthopper lines were obtained. In one line, Wolbachia disappeared after several generations; in the other line, Wolbachia was retained for >7 yr. Infection rates in this latter transinfected line were ≈80% in early generations after transinjection but decreased to <10% through 40–60 generations. Subsequent selection for Wolbachia-infected females in this line did not increase the infection rate as a temporary effect. Thus, this transinfected line of N. lugens showed cytoplasmic incompatibility, although the incompatibility level was lower than in L. striatellus, the original host. The method of transinfection presented herein is useful for transmitting intracellular symbionts between small arthropod hosts.
A Factor Model for Euro-area Short-term Inflation Analysis

Summary This paper develops a factor model for forecasting inflation in the euro area. The model can handle variables with different timeliness, sample size and frequency. We show that the forecasts based on the factor model outperform naïve random walk forecasts, a hard to beat benchmark for euro area inflation forecasts in recent years, at horizons of and beyond nine months ahead. They are also comparable, in terms of accuracy, to the judgemental forecasts prepared in the context of the Eurosystem macroeconomic projection exercises. The factor model is therefore a very suitable tool to extract the signal on current and future euro area inflation from new data releases.
Associations Between Self-Report of Emotional State and the EEG Patterns in Affective Disorders Patients

The study determines the associations between self-report of ongoing emotional state and EEG patterns. A group of 31 hospitalized patients were enrolled with three types of diagnosis: major depressive disorder, manic episode of bipolar affective disorder, and nonaffective patients. The Thayer ADACL checklist, which yields two subjective dimensions, was used for the assessment of affective state: Energy Tiredness (ET) and Tension Calmness (TC). Quantitative analysis of EEG was based on EEG spectral power and laterality coefficient (LC). Only the ET scale showed relationships with the laterality coefficient. The high-energy group showed right shift of activity in frontocentral and posterior areas visible in alpha and beta range, respectively. No effect of ET estimation on prefrontal asymmetry was observed. For the TC scale, an estimation of high tension was related to right prefrontal dominance and right posterior activation in beta1 band. Also, decrease of alpha2 power together with increase of beta2 power.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Insular Regions of Southeast China: A Community-Based Study

Objective Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of HBV in people living in the insular regions, and to provide the most recent baseline data for planning and monitoring of health. Methods A cross-sectional, community-based survey was conducted without age restriction, on two isolated islands, Zhoushan and Yuhuan, China. The study sample was selected by random multistage cluster sampling. Serological samples and demographic information were collected from 15878 participants. Results The prevalences of anti-HBV core antibody (anti-HBc), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) were 33.1, 10.4, and 56.1%, respectively. We found statistically significant differences of HBV markers in men versus women (P<0.01). The prevalence of HBV infection increased with age. There were significant differences in the rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity between the two islands (P<0.01). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated (>38 IU/L) in 15.6% and 7.2% of the HBsAg-positive and negative groups, respectively. Elevated ALT levels were significantly higher in males (12.0%) compared with females (5.8%) (P<0.01). The α-fetoprotein (AFP) positivity rate was 0.6% in HBsAg-positive participants over the age of 30. Conclusion Due to the geographic location, we found that the HBV prevalence and potential for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma remained high in insular regions of southeast China, and are far above the national figures. Although a vaccination program has been in effect over the last 20 years, several additional measures should be adopted by the government to limit the spread of hepatitis B. These include the management of high risk persons and the floating population living on the islands, expansion of the immune population, and increased health education for fisherman.
Freshwater Sawfish Pristis microdon Latham, 1794 (Chondrichthyes : Pristidae) in the Kimberley region of Western Australia

The Freshwater Sawfish Pristis microdon was captured in marine waters of King Sound, and estuarine and fresh waters of the Fitzroy and Robinson rivers, in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. In light of the IUCN listing of the species as critically endangered, non-destructive means, including tagging-recapture data and information from specimens found dead on the banks, were utilised. Observations of sexual maturity, annuli present on vertebrae, recaptures of tagged individuals and length-frequency data suggested that the freshwaters of the Fitzroy River are a nursery for this species where immature individuals (up to 2800 mm total length) remain for a maximum of four or five years. Morphology and counts of the number of rostral teeth indicated that, in most cases, the rostral tooth morphology can be used to differentiate male and female P. microdon and also are useful in distinguishing this species from the congeneric and sympatric Pristis clavata. Furthermore, differences in the relationship between rostrum length and total length between the sexes may provide an effective diagnostic tool for the collation of historical distribution and sex ratio data from rostrums held in private collections. Rostral tooth counts and length at age data also suggest that the synonymisation of P. microdon, Pristis zephyreus and Pristis perotteti is not warranted.
Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Local Gender‐Based Earnings Inequality and Women's Belief in the American Dream

This article ties together research on gender, income inequality, and political ideology, by exploring the effect of gender-based earnings inequality on women's belief in a fundamental tenet of the 'American Dream'-meritocracy. Focusing on gender-based earnings inequality in women's local residential context, and drawing upon relative deprivation theory, this article argues that variation across local areas in the relative economic status of women should influence the ideological outlook of resident women. In contrast to relative deprivation theory, but consistent with rising expectations theory, I argue that ideological disillusionment should peak in contexts in which women's earnings fall closely behind men, and that ideological optimism should rebound in contexts in which women's earnings have achieved parity with that of men. Utilizing pooled survey data, I find strong evidence that individual women's belief in the American Dream varies according to whether local women's relative earnings indicate confrontation with or breaking of the 'glass ceiling. ' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Forecasting with X-12-ARIMA and ARFIMA: International Tourist Arrivals to India

Econometric forecasting involves the application of statistical and mathematical models to forecast future economic developments. This study focuses on forecasting methods based on both X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment and an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA). Secondary data based on facts and figures that have already been recorded were utilized to forecast international tourist arrivals to India, 2007-2010. From this period the results confirm that the best forecasting method for India based on the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment consisting of X-12-ARIMA(0,1,2)(0,1,1), X-12-ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) and X-12-ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1) and the best forecasting method based on ARFIMA(p,d,q) method consisting of ARFIMA(1,0.1906,1), ARFIMA(1,0.2562,1), ARFIMA (1,0.2635,1) and ARFIMA(1,0.2951,1). Furthermore these methods predict that international tourism arrivals to India, 2007-2010 will increase at a positive growth rate. If these results can be generalized to a series of future year, then a recommendation from the study under taken should enable both public sector and private sector policy makers to develop a strategic tourism plan to focus on the increasing numbers of international tourist arrivals to India.
Looking for the best Evaluation Method for interlingua-based Spoken Language Translation in the Medical Domain

This paper focuses on the quality of rule-based machine translations collected using our open-source limited-domain medical spoken language translator (SLT) tested at the Dallas Children’s hospital. Our aim is to find the best-suited metrics for our Interlingua rule based machine translation (RBMT) system. We applied both human metrics and a set of well-known automatic metrics (BLEU, WER and TER) to a corpus of translations produced by our system during a controlled experiment. We also compared the scores obtained for both type of evaluation with those obtained on translations produced by the well-known statistical machine translation (SMT) system GoogleTranslate in order to have a point of comparison. Our aim is to find the best-suited metric for our type of Interlingua RBMT SLT system.
Intellectual Initiatives at a Research University: Origins, Evolutions, and Challenges.

This qualitative case study explored the origins, evolutions, and challenges of 12 cross-disciplinary intellectual initiatives at 1 research university. Researchers conducted open-ended interviews with leaders of the 12 initiatives and used program literature to support the data gathered from the interviews. The study found that key factors such as the passionate commitments of scholarly leaders, access to timely and multiple resources, and the presence of collegial networks help these programs successfully navigate across traditional academic boundaries. Tensions such as the conflict between traditional department structures and collegial styles of decision-making lead to some challenges related to coordination and communication, time, resources, reward structures, and leadership transition. Despite these tensions, these programs find ways to flourish, bringing in resources, and creating spaces for a critical mass of intellectual exchange. An appendix describes the programs studied. (Contains 22 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Intellectual Initiatives at a Research University: Origins, Evolutions, and Challenges Susan H. Frost, Paul M. Jean, Daniel Teodorescu, Amy B. Brown
Asset Prices, Collateral, and Unconventional Monetary Policy in a DSGE Model

In this paper we set up a New-Keynesian model with a heterogenous banking sector to analyze liquidity problems on the interbank market. The presence of an interbank market is essential to consider a situation where an increased liquidity supply by the central bank is only partially passed on to the interbank market. Moreover, this framework allows us to examine the implications of an unconventional monetary policy tool modeled as a haircut rule applied to eligible assets in repurchase agreements ('Repos') on the interbank market. We can show that this tool is suited to bring down the interest rate charged among banks on the interbank market. Furthermore an exogenous bubble process is modeled to evaluate the effects of the haircut rule for a central bank which decides to implement a 'leaning-against-the- wind'-policy. Finally, we analyze the long-run consequences of reacting to asset price movements and examine the effects of different exit strategies. We find that the central bank can stabilize all variables at the cost of higher inflation and that macroeconomic volatility is smallest if the central bank communicates the exit date in advance and credibly commits to it.
microRNA expression in lymphoid malignancies: new hope for diagnosis and therapy?

• Introduction ‐ A concise history of small RNA ‐ microRNA biosynthesis and function ‐ Aberrant expression of microRNA is a common feature of cancer • microRNAs in lymphocyte development • microRNAs in lymphoid malignancy ‐ Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) ‐ Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) ‐ Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma ‐ Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ‐ Other non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma ‐ microRNA expression in T‐cell lymphoma ‐ Lymphoma‐associated oncomirs (miR‐155 and the miR‐17–92 cluster) • microRNA: a new class of diagnostic and therapeuti agents for lymphoma? ‐ microRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic bio‐markers ‐ microRNAs as non‐invasive diagnostic tools • microRNAs as therapeutic agents
Gender and career advancement in the sciences: a Thai case study

This thesis is aimed to exploring a gender difference in scientific careers by presenting empirical evidence from Thailand, and also at evaluating the impact of different types of organisation: higher education and research institute sectors on gender and academic career progress. In order to understand gender dimensions in Thai academic careers, a multilevel analysis (Layder, 1993) is employed as a guide. With the pragmatic paradigm, the strength of this research has drawn both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In comparison to the developed world, Thailand, a country with relatively low competency in science has progressive numeric indices of the status of women in science. However, the findings of this study highlight the existence of a gender gap in rewards. Particularly, female academics in Thai higher education were found worse than their counterparts in the research institute sector as a result of certain organisational characteristics. This study reveals that Thai women in science remain under threat at different levels: constraints of the national scientific policy which focuses on engineering; Thai scientific organisational norms in favour of men; women’s limitations in social connections; and gendered roles which compel women to put family before career. On top of that, though Thai women perceive gender inequality in academic careers, they tend to disregard it. In order to eliminate gender disparities, Thai female academics need to raise their professional status through a range of activities: achieving privileged academic qualifications; joining each other through formal networks; adopting a male working style; deploying a conflict avoidance strategy; relying on rules and regulations; being single; and drawing on support from family and colleagues. However, it is noteworthy that some of these strategies seem to hinder women’ssuccess in science as well. Overall, the findings support the argument that although Thai female academics may try to devise strategies to survive in their careers, the success of such attempts often depends on structural norms which generate opportunities for them.
Stated Preferences and Intrahousehold Resource Allocation : Evidence from Northern Ethiopia DRAFT 08 / 06 / 98

This paper reports on a new test of the restrictions implied by the unitary model of household behavior. We ask a sample of married men and women in Northern Ethiopia contingent valuation questions about how they would allocate preventive health care across members of their households. Our results indicate that married men’s and women’s stated preferences for malaria prevention can not be pooled and be treated as identical in the context of the unitary model. This provides new evidence against the unitary model of household behavior. * This investigation received financial support from the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) = Please address correspondence to: Julian Lampietti, 1613 13th Street, N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20009. Tel: 202 518 9258 Email: neckbone@email.unc. edu or jlampietti@worldbank.org