Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exogenous Growth Hormone on Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis of Human Gastric Cancer Cell

Aim: To study effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis (GH-IGFs) of human gastric cancer cell in vivo in order to reveal part mechanism of growth effects of rhGH on gastric cancer. Methods: Nude mice were randomly divided into control group, cisplatin (DDP) group, rhGH group and DDP + rhGH group after human gastric cancer xenograft model of node mice was successfully founded and drugs were used for 6 days. We investigated volume of tumor, inhibitory rate of tumor and cell cycle by slide gauge and flow cytometry. In addition, We also respectively investigated insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) of blood serum of nude mice, IGF-ImRNA, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA and IGFBP-3 mRNA of xenograft of nude mice by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on the first day of completing use of drugs later. Results: Tumor grew obviously slowly and tumor inhibitory rate obviously rose in DDP group and DDP + rhGH group compared with control group and rhGH group (p p p < 0.05). Expressions of IGF-I mRNA and IGF-IR mRNA were not obviously different in all groups. But expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA obviously increased in rhGH group, DDP group and DDP + rhGH group compared with control group; meanwhile, expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA also obviously increased in DDP + rhGH group compared with control group, DDP group and rhGH group. Conclusion: Our results indicated rhGH in short-time use did not improve proliferation of human gastric cancer cells and its mechanism was possible that rhGH in short-time use raised simultaneously IGF-I and IGFBP-3 of blood serum and increased IGFBP-3 mRNA, but degraded ratio of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 of blood serum in human gastric cancer cells.
Effect of Pleistocene Climatic Oscillations on the Phylogeography and Demography of Red Knobby Newt (Tylototriton shanjing) from Southwestern China

Factors that determine the genetic structure of species in southwestern China remain largely unknown. In this study, phylogeography and demography of Tylototriton shanjing was investigated from a mitochondrial perspective to address the role of the Quaternary ice ages in shaping phylogeographic history and genetic diversity of Yunnan. A total of 146 individuals from 19 populations across the entire range of the species were collected. We detected four maternal phylogenetic lineages corresponding to four population groups, and found that major glaciation events during the Pleistocene have triggered the intra-specific divergence. Coalescent simulations indicated that the populations retreated to different refugia located in southern Yunnan, northwestern Yunnan, the border region of western Yunnan with Myanmar, and middle-western Yunnan, respectively, during previous glacial periods in the Pleistocene, and these four refugia were not retained during the Last Glacial Maximum. Population expansions occurred during the last inter-glaciation, during which ice core and pollen data indicated that the temperature and precipitation gradually increased, and declines of population sizes started after the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum when the climate became cooler and dryer. The paleo-drainage system had no contribution to the current genetic structure and the rivers were not dispersal barriers for this salamander.
An Enhanced Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Algorithm With Adaptive Reference Vectors

Multiobjective optimization problems with more than three objectives are commonly referred to as many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). Development of algorithms to solve MaOPs has garnered significant research attention in recent years. “Decomposition” is a commonly adopted approach toward this aim, wherein the problem is divided into a set of simpler subproblems guided by a set of reference vectors. The reference vectors are often predefined and distributed uniformly in the objective space. Use of such uniform distribution of reference vectors has shown commendable performance on problems with “regular” Pareto optimal front (POF), i.e., those that are nondegenerate, smooth, continuous, and easily mapped by a unit simplex of reference vectors. However, the performance deteriorates for problems with “irregular” POF (i.e., which deviate from above properties), since a number of reference vectors may not have a solution on the POF along them. While adaptive approaches have been suggested in the literature that attempt to delete/insert reference directions conforming to the geometry of the evolving front, their performance may in turn be compromised for problems with regular POFs. This paper presents a generalized version of previously proposed decomposition-based evolutionary algorithm with adaptive reference vectors, intended toward achieving competitive performance for both types of problems. The proposed approach starts off with a set of uniform reference vectors and collects information about feasibility and nondominance of solutions that associate with the reference vectors over a learning period. Subsequently, new reference directions are inserted/deleted, while the original directions may assume an active or inactive role during the course of evolution. Numerical experiments are conducted over a wide range of problems with regular and irregular POFs with up to 15 objectives to demonstrate the competence of the proposed approach with the state-of-the-art methods.
Infusion of Sibling Marrow in a Patient with Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency Leads to Split Mixed Donor Chimerism and Normal Immunity

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease causes combined immunodeficiency and developmental delay, hypotonia, and spasticity. Patients present with recurrent infections associated with T-lymphocytopenia, characteristically presenting later than patients with classical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). PNP, with adenosine deaminase (ADA), is part of the purine salvage pathway. The only curative therapy is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Myeloablative conditioning is recommended to prevent rejection caused by residual immune function. However, HLA-identical sibling stem cell infusions in ADA-SCID result in some donor stem cell engraftment and long-term thymopoiesis. We report a patient with PNP deficiency, who received HLA-identical sibling marrow without chemotherapy because of disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The patient presented at 14 months of age following recurrent infections, from early infancy, with persistent irritability, developmental delay, and hypotonia. She had neutropenia, pan-lymphocytopenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia with low plasma urate and erythrocyte PNP activity. Diagnosis was confirmed with a homozygous mutation in PNP. The patient was viremic with CMV detected in blood and CSF by PCR. Dual antiviral therapy improved the clinical condition and reduced the viral load. In view of the disseminated CMV infection, the decision was made to infuse stem cells without any pre-conditioning chemotherapy. She received a matched sibling donor unconditioned stem cell infusion at 16 months of age. The post-transplant course was uneventful. Blood PCR became negative for CMV. Global hypotonia persisted, although with significant improvement in irritability. At 4 years of age and 29 months post-transplant, the patient demonstrated normal T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers. Recent thymic emigrants represented 12% of the total T-lymphocyte population. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin were normal. Memory and class-switched B-lymphocytes were present. Immunoglobulin replacement had been discontinued, and there were normal IgG responses to tetanus vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type B and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine antigens. There was 93% donor T-lymphocytes, 20% donor B-lymphocytes, and 5% donor myeloid cells, indicative of some donor stem cell engraftment. There was no significant infection history despite regular nursery attendance. Height and weight were following the 50th centile. Split mixed donor chimerism has corrected the immunological defect.
Codes against online adversaries

In this work we consider the communication of information in the presence of an online adversarial jammer. In the setting under study, a sender wishes to communicate a message to a receiver by transmitting a codeword x = (xi,…, xn) symbol-by-symbol over a communication channel. The adversarial jammer can view the transmitted symbols xt one at a time, and can change up to a p-fraction of them. However, for each symbol xt the jammer's decision on whether to corrupt it or not (and on how to change it) must depend only on Xj for j ≤ i. This is in contrast to the “classical” adversarial jammer which may base its decisions on its complete knowledge of x. More generally, for a delay parameter d e (0,1), we study the scenario in which the jammer's decision on the corruption of Xi must depend solely on xj for j ≤ i − dn. In this work, the transmitted symbols are assumed to be over a sufficiently large field F. We present a tight characterization of the amount of information one can transmit in both the 0-delay and, more generally, the d-delay online setting. We show that for 0-delay adversaries, the achievable rate asymptotically equals that of the classical adversarial model. For positive values of d, we consider two types of jamming, additive and overwrite. We also extend our results to a jam-or-listen online model, where the online adversary can either jam a symbol or eavesdrop on it.
An ensemble Kalman smoother for nonlinear dynamics

It is formally proved that the general smoother for nonlinear dynamics can be formulated as a sequential method, that is, observations can be assimilated sequentially during a forward integration. The general filter can be derived from the smoother and it is shown that the general smoother and filter solutions at the final time become identical, as is expected from linear theory. Then, a new smoother algorithm based on ensemble statistics is presented and examined in an example with the Lorenz equations. The new smoother can be computed as a sequential algorithm using only forward-in-time model integrations. It bears a strong resemblance with the ensemble Kalman filter. The difference is that every time a new dataset is available during the forward integration, an analysis is computed for all previous times up to this time. Thus, the first guess for the smoother is the ensemble Kalman filter solution, and the smoother estimate provides an improvement of this, as one would expect a smoother to do. The method is demonstrated in this paper in an intercomparison with the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble smoother introduced by van Leeuwen and Evensen, and it is shown to be superior in an application with the Lorenz equations. Finally, a discussion is given regarding the properties of the analysis schemes when strongly non-Gaussian distributions are used. It is shown that in these cases more sophisticated analysis schemes based on Bayesian statistics must be used.
Genetic analysis of the pyruvate decarboxylase reaction in yeast glycolysis

Six different pyruvate decarboxylase mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated. They belong to two unlinked complementation groups. Evidence is presented that one group is affected in a structural gene. The fact that five of the six mutants had residual pyruvate decarboxylase activity provided the opportunity for an intensive physiological characterization. It was shown that the loss of enzyme activity in vitro is reflected in a lower fermentation rate, an increased pyruvate secretion, and slower growth on a 2% glucose medium. The different effects of antimycin A on leaky mutants grown on ethanol versus the same mutants grown on glucose support the view that glucose induces some of the glycolytic enzymes, especially pyruvate decarboxylase.
Influence of ejaculation frequency on semen characteristics in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Semen samples were obtained by masturbation from 6 chimpanzees and the spontaneously liquefied fraction and the remaining coagulum were studied separately. When semen was collected once or twice a week, large intra-individual variations were observed for all measures. The liquefied fraction represented 26.5 +/- 3.2% (weighted mean +/- s.d.) of the total ejaculate but contained 51.3 +/- 3.8% of all emitted spermatozoa. Fructose concentration was higher in the coagulum than in the liquefied fraction (29.3 +/- 3.0 mumol/ml vs 12.0 +/- 2.7 mumol/ml, P less than 0.001) whereas acid phosphatase was less concentrated in the coagulum than in the liquefied fraction (3.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(3) IU/ml vs 13.0 +/- 0.9 x 10(3) IU/ml, P less than 0.001). L-Carnitine and citrate concentrations did not differ between the two fractions of the ejaculate. When semen collection was repeated every hour for 5 h, the ejaculate volume increased from 2.6 +/- 0.7 to 4.7 +/- 0.6 ml (P less than 0.001), whereas total sperm count decreased from 1278 +/- 872 x 10(6) to 587 +/- 329 x 10(6) (P less than 0.05) between the 1st and the 6th ejaculate. In the spontaneously liquefied fraction, the sperm count decreased from 984 to 369 x 10(6). The 6 successive ejaculates gave a total of 20.2 +/- 7.6 ml and 4278 +/- 2884 x 10(6) spermatozoa. The increase of the ejaculate volume was essentially due to an increase of the volume of the coagulum which closely correlated with total amount of fructose (from seminal vesicles) (r = 0.913, P less than 0.001). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Basolateral membrane Na/base cotransport is dependent on CO2/HCO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule

The mechanism of basolateral membrane base transport was examined in the in vitro microperfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) in the absence and presence of ambient CO2/HCO3- by means of the microfluorometric measurement of cell pH. The buffer capacity of the cells measured using rapid NH3 washout was 42.8 +/- 5.6 mmol.liter-1.pH unit-1 in the absence and 84.6 +/- 7.3 mmol.liter-1.pH unit-1 in the presence of CO2/HCO3-. In the presence of CO2/HCO3-, lowering peritubular pH from 7.4 to 6.8 acidified the cell by 0.30 pH units and lowering peritubular Na from 147 to 0 mM acidified the cell by 0.25 pH units. Both effects were inhibited by peritubular 4-acetamido-4'- isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (SITS). In the absence of exogenous CO2/HCO3-, lowering peritubular pH from 7.4 to 6.8 acidified the cell by 0.25 pH units and lowering peritubular Na from 147 to 0 mM decreased cell pH by 0.20 pH units. Lowering bath pH from 7.4 to 6.8 induced a proton flux of 643 +/- 51 pmol.mm-1.min-1 in the presence of exogenous CO2/HCO3- and 223 +/- 27 pmol.mm-1.min-1 in its absence. Lowering bath Na from 147 to 0 mM induced proton fluxes of 596 +/- 77 pmol.mm-1.min-1 in its absence. The cell acidification induced by lowering bath pH or bath Na in the absence of CO2/HCO3- was inhibited by peritubular SITS or by acetazolamide, whereas peritubular amiloride had no effect. In the absence of exogenous CO2/HCO3-, cyanide blocked the cell acidification induced by bath Na removal, but was without effect in the presence of exogenous CO2/HCO3-. We reached the following conclusions. (a) The basolateral Na/base n greater than 1 cotransporter in the rabbit PCT has an absolute requirement for CO2/HCO3-. (b) In spite of this CO2 dependence, in the absence of exogenous CO2/HCO3-, metabolically produced CO2/HCO3- is sufficient to keep the transporter running at 30% of its control rate in the presence of ambient CO2/HCO3- . (c) There is no apparent amiloride-sensitive Na/H antiporter on the basolateral membrane of the rabbit PCT.
Mothers’ experience of not breastfeeding in a breastfeeding culture

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe women's experience of not breastfeeding in a breastfeeding culture. BACKGROUND Breastfeeding represents a fundamental cultural value in Norway and many other countries, and a mother may often have intense emotions about breastfeeding her child. Political and health authorities in many countries have given high priority to encourage breastfeeding among mothers. However, breastfeeding can be challenging and sometimes affects mothers' mental health and the joy of interaction. DESIGN Qualitative design. METHODS Individual semistructured interviews with 12 mothers. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. RESULTS Three main categories emerged from the data: (1) desire to adapt to Norwegian culture, (2) feeling as though one was breaking the law and (3) lack of and unbalanced information. The mothers in this study wanted to breastfeed, both to do the best for their child and to fulfil cultural expectations. They knew about the advantages of breastfeeding. When breastfeeding was stopped, they needed social support because they felt it was difficult to do the opposite of what was most common in the culture. CONCLUSION Healthcare workers should consider the mother's individual situation when providing breastfeeding guidance. Information about the advantages should be adequately balanced and nuanced to prevent shame and guilt. Healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge about how to ensure that infant formula is used correctly. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare workers should pay attention to the mother if she has limited social support, and they should organise peer support. Healthcare workers must ensure that mothers get balanced information about the benefits of breastfeeding and about the differences between breastmilk and infant formula. To ensure that infant formula is used correctly and to reduce stigma, healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge about formula feeding and health authorities could provide information about how to prepare infant formula.
A new iteration for computing the eigenvalues of semiseparable (plus diagonal) matrices

This paper proposes a new type of iteration for computing eigenvalues of semiseparable (plus diagonal) matrices based on a structured-rank factorization. Remarks on higher order semiseparability ranks are also made. More precisely, instead of the traditional QR iteration, a QH iteration is used. The QH factorization is characterized by a unitary matrix Q and a Hessenberg-like matrix H in which the lower triangular part is semiseparable (often called a lower semiseparable matrix). The Q factor of this factorization determines the similarity transformation of the QH method. It is shown that this iteration is extremely useful for computing the eigenvalues of structured-rank matrices. Whereas the traditional QR method applied to semiseparable (plus diagonal) and Hessenberg-like matrices uses similarity transformations involving 2p(n− 1) Givens transformations (where p denotes the semiseparability rank), the QH iteration only needs p(n− 1) Givens transformations, which is comparable to the generalized Hessenberg (symmetric band) situation having p subdiagonals. It is also shown that this method can in some sense be interpreted as an extension of the traditional QR method for Hessenberg matrices, i.e., the traditional case also fits into this framework. It is also shown that this iteration exhibits an extra type of convergence behavior compared to the traditional QR method. The algorithm is implemented in an implicit way, based on the Givens-weight representation of the structured rank matrices. Numerical experiments show the viability of this approach. The new approach yields better complexity and more accurate results than the traditional QR method.
Bayesian sequential face detection with automatic re-initialization

This paper proposes a probabilistic search algorithm to boost the computational efficiency of face detection in video sequences. The algorithm sequentially predicts the probability distributions of face region parameters in the current video frame given a sequence of past frames, and automatically re initializes the prediction process at scene changes in the given video sequence. A Bayesian criterion is derived as a determinant of likely face regions among the collection of face candidates generated by a sub window-based face classifier. The Bayesian scheme also enable probabilistic marginalization of multiple outputs of the face classifier. Experimental results on a test sequence of 500 frames of broadcast video, containing 450 faces, demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a detection speed roughly double that of a baseline detector included in the open-source computer vision library OpenCV, without sacrificing detection performance.
Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract: The game of Go is more challenging than other board games, due to the difficulty of constructing a position or move evaluation function. In this paper we investigate whether deep convolutional networks can be used to directly represent and learn this knowledge. We train a large 12-layer convolutional neural network by supervised learning from a database of human professional games. The network correctly predicts the expert move in 55% of positions, equalling the accuracy of a 6 dan human player. When the trained convolutional network was used directly to play games of Go, without any search, it beat the traditional search program GnuGo in 97% of games, and matched the performance of a state-of-the-art Monte-Carlo tree search that simulates a million positions per move.
Information Aggregation in Common Value Asset Markets and the Efficient Markets Hypothesis

This paper studies information aggregation in pure common value double auctions with a continuum of traders. This trade environment captures some of the main features of prediction markets. The population includes both sophisticated and na¨ove traders whose bidding behavior is not influenced by opponents’ equilibrium strategies. Existence and uniqueness of monotone equilibrium prices is shown under mild conditions on the distribution of na¨ove bids. In these equilibria the mapping from asset values to prices has a domain split into two distinct areas: a revealing region, where prices equal values, and a non-revealing region. If the proportion of na¨ove traders falls below a (strictly positive) lower bound, prices are perfectly revealing. In contrast, when the presence of na¨ove traders is above some upper bound prices are almost nowhere revealing. This indicates that, contrary to prevailing views, non-negligible levels of noise or liquidity trade are compatible with perfect information aggregation, although even a moderate presence of boundedly rational traders can lead to nowhere revealing prices. An empirical method to identify the revealing and non-revealing regions is suggested.