Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Looking at Both Sides of the Social Exchange Coin: A Social Cognitive Perspective on the Joint Effects of Relationship Quality and Differentiation on Creativity

We propose a cross-level contingent process model based on social cognitive theory to explain how and when the quality of social exchange relationships with a supervisor (leader-member exchange; LMX) and fellow team members (team-member exchange; TMX) affect individual creativity in work teams. Using longitudinal, multisource data for 828 employees on 116 teams, we found LMX and TMX had unique indirect effects on employee creativity via self-efficacy. Further, moderated path analysis revealed LMX differentiation attenuated LMX quality's direct effect on self-efficacy and indirect effect on creativity, whereas TMX differentiation augmented TMX quality's direct effect on self-efficacy and indirect effect on creativity.
The Value of Gynecologic Cancer Follow-Up: Evidence-Based Ignorance?

Introduction: To explore the extent of evidence-based data and cost-utility of follow-up after primary treatment of endometrial and ovarian cancer, addressing perspectives of technology, organization, economics, and patients. Methods: Systematic literature searches according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions were conducted separately for each of the 4 perspectives. In addition, the organizational analysis included a nationwide questionnaire survey among all relevant hospital departments, and the operating costs were calculated. Results: None of the identified studies supported a survival benefit from hospital-based follow-up after completion of primary treatment of endometrial or ovarian cancer. The methods for follow-up were of low technology (gynecologic examination with or without ultrasound examination). Other technologies had poor sensitivity and specificity in detecting recurrence. Small changes in applied technologies and organization lead to substantial changes in costs. Substantial differences especially in frequency and applied methods were found between departments. The literature review did not find evidence that follow-up affects the women's quality of life. Conclusions: The main purpose of follow-up after treatment of cancer is improved survival. Our review of the literature showed no evidence of a positive effect on survival in women followed up after primary treatment of endometrial or ovarian cancer. The conception of follow-up among physicians, patients, and their relatives therefore needs revision. Follow-up after treatment should have a clearly defined and evidence-based purpose. Based on the existing literature, this purpose should presently focus on other end points rather than early detection of relapse and improved survival. These end points could be quality of life, treatment toxicity, and economy.
The Production of Overseas News at Channel 7

This article documents the selection priorities and production processes of overseas news at a major Australian commercial network Channel 7 Sydney and Brisbane. It analyses the total overseas news vision input into the Channel 7 Sydney newsroom over a five-day period in terms of quantity, sources, country references and subjects. This analysis provides insights into Australia's positioning in the global news system as it operated in early 1995. Channel 7's total overseas news vision input is related to the station's output of overseas news for the five-day period.
Patterns and predictors of cigarette smoking among HIV-infected patients in northern Nigeria

The smoking behaviour of persons living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We employed a cross-sectional study design to assess the prevalence and predictors of tobacco smoking among HIV-infected patients in northern Nigeria (n = 296). Approximately one quarter of respondents were either current (7.8%) or ex-smokers (17.9%). Smoking rates among HIV-infected women were extremely low. HIV-infected men were at least three times as likely to smoke as their female counterparts living with HIV: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.17-7.32. Patients with tertiary education were at least twice as likely to smoke compared with their counterparts without formal education (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.08-6.67). The preponderance of cigarette smoking among educated HIV-infected men in northern Nigeria offers a unique opportunity for targeted smoking cessation programmes.
Relationships between osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB ligand and serum levels and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM The aim of this paper was to investigate the association of circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) levels with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional community-based study including 40 T2DM postmenopausal women and 40 healthy controls. CIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound. Serum OPG and RANKL were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum OPG levels were higher in T2DM than in controls (median 2.9 vs 2.0 pmol/liter; P<0.001), significantly associated with CIMT in T2DM (P<0.001). RANKL levels were lower in T2DM than in controls (median 0.45 vs 0.60 pmol/liter; P<0.0001), however no association was found with CIMT. Serum OPG levels were associated with cross-sectional measure of CIMT in T2DM. CONCLUSION The data would support the role of an increased OPG/RANKL ratio as a possible marker of progression of vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
The Big Picture: An Inquiry Into the Motivations of African-American Teacher Education Students to Be or Not to Be Teachers

The current study investigates the motivations of African Americans with regard to precollege teaching as a career. The study’s participants are one female and one male Afican American, both of whom had strongly considered pursuing secondary certification at the graduate level but decided instead to pursue doctorates in order to teach at the college level. The study, which extended over the course of nearly a year, is narrative life history and as such situates the lives of the individual participants within broader societal and cultural contexts. This article presents condensed versions of Vera’s and Van’s life stories from childhood up until they decided to forego precollege teaching. Their reasons for initially considering and ultimately deciding against teaching are discussed, as are their views about the reasons for the scarcity of African Americans entering teaching. The article continues with an interpretation of the study’s findings in light of relevant research and theory. Finally, building on this interpretation, a tentative explanation of possible attractions and deterrents to teaching for African Americans is developed. Central to this explanation are reinterpretations of Lortie’s (1975) themes of service and continuation and the addition of a new theme: social, political, and historical forces which may operate at an individual, psychological level.
CRISIS JOURNALISM AT A CROSSROADS?

The ongoing changes in journalism in Finland have forced the profession to consider its position and practices. This need for reflection was particularly clear after the recent school shooting cases in Jokela in 2007 and in Kauhajoki in 2008 that gave rise to a public debate about journalists’ actions. Using qualitative content analysis and the idea of reflective practice as its methods, this study investigates how 45 Finnish journalists reflected on their and their profession's work after the two cases. The study focuses on journalists’ views of reporting on the shooters and victims, and reveals a shift in journalists’ thinking from a strong deontological ethos towards a more teleological stance. It also highlights the need for further research to determine whether the change observed is a permanent one.
Impossible Things Before Breakfast: Myths in Education Abroad

In recent years, there has been a considerable development of administrative skills in study-abroad management, but much less in the educational dimension of this endeavour. The field is burdened by myths and conceptions that exist unchallenged in the uncontested climate of study abroad. An exploration of three of these prevailing myths demonstrates the degree to which the field needs to reexamine some of its assumptions: the association of immersion and integration with quality, the growth of short-term programmes, and the call to significantly expand programmes in nontraditional locations. This essay critically examines the misconceptions that have accumulated around these topics.
The Effects of Discrimination Perception and Job Satisfaction on Turkish Public Accountants’ Turnover Intention

This research tests a model of turnover intentions for accountants’ motivated by the belief that understanding the turnover phenomenon among accountants’ may help personnel managers and manpower planners design effective retention strategies. It may also provide occupational counselors and prospective job seekers a better perspective on the nature and requirements of jobs in accounting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the links between perceived discrimination, job satisfaction and turnover intention at public accounting firms in Turkey. The primary discrimination issue discussed in the study is the perceived fairness of decisions involving pay and promotions. Fairness is examined in terms of the consistent application of standards across individuals in the firm’s decision-making. To explore these issues, a survey was distributed to 600 members of accounting profession operating in various districts of Turkey selected randomly. The authors’ analysis resulting from 240 accountants suggest that 1) perceived discrimination positively affects accountants turnover intentions 2) perceived discrimination negatively affects accountants job satisfaction and 3) accountants job satisfaction negatively affects their turnover intentions.
Culture in Reduced Levels of Oxygen Promotes Clonogenic Sympathoadrenal Differentiation by Isolated Neural Crest Stem Cells

Isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) differentiate to autonomic neurons in response to bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in clonal cultures, but these neurons do not express sympathoadrenal (SA) lineage markers. Whether this reflects a developmental restriction in NCSCs or simply inappropriate culture conditions was not clear. We tested the growth and differentiation potential of NCSCs at ∼5% O2, which more closely approximates physiological oxygen levels. Eighty-three percent of p75+P0− cells isolated from embryonic day 14.5 sciatic nerve behaved as stem cells under these conditions, suggesting that this is a nearly pure population. Furthermore, addition of BMP2 plus forskolin in decreased oxygen cultures elicited differentiation of thousands of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and the SA lineage marker SA-1 in nearly all colonies. Such cells also synthesized and released dopamine and norepinephrine. These data demonstrate that isolated mammalian NCSCs uniformly possess SA lineage capacity and further suggest that oxygen levels can influence cell fate. Parallel results indicating that reduced oxygen levels can also promote the survival, proliferation, and catecholaminergic differentiation of CNS stem cells (Studer et al., 2000) suggests that neural stem cells may exhibit a conserved response to reduced oxygen levels.
What & When?: Distributing Content in Opportunistic Networks

Tomorrow's mobile data exchanges will often occur using intermittent connectivity and the design and development of mobility models, applications, protocols and infrastructures are an essential part of future research in computer networking. Widespread deployment of mobile devices has motivated the research community to focus on a range of new networking issues. Aforementioned de vices can transfer data in two ways -first by transmitting it over a wireless network interface, and secondly while being carried from location to location by their user. Propagation of data using opportunistic exchanges has recently become a topic of networking research. Proposals have been published [6, 22] which explore the possibility of data exchanges when small mobile devices, with wireless connectivity enabled, encounter each other while on move. Our contribution is to simulate and analyze the nature of communication behavior between such small devices in the presence of intermittent connectivity. We use the results to estimate their capacity to support distribution of popular forms of content such as podcast data over such networks. We envisage that this will also enable future research, development and deployment of communication facilities in developing nations and remote areas, where the establishment of fixed communication infrastructure is often impeded by cost and political factors.
24h Urinary Protein Levels and Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratios Could Probably Forecast the Pathological Classification of HSPN

This study aimed to assess the relevance of laboratory tests in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) classification, and determine accurate classification factors. This prospective study included 694 HSPN patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB). Renal specimens were scored according to International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) classification. Meanwhile, blood samples were immediately collected for laboratory examination. The associations between laboratory parameters and HSPN classification were assessed. Significant differences in levels of serum Th1/Th2 cytokines, immunoglobulins, T-lymphocyte subsets, complement, and coagulation markers were obtained between HSPN patients and healthy children. Interestingly, 24h urinary protein (24h-UPRO) levels and urine protein/urine creatinine ratios could determine HPSN grade IIb, IIIa, and IIIb incidences, with areas under ROC curve of 0.767 and 0.731, respectively. At 24h-UPRO >580.35mg/L, prediction sensitivity and specificity were 75.2% and 70.0%, respectively. These values became 53.0% and 82.3%, respectively, with 24h-UPRO exceeding 1006.25mg/L. At urine protein/urine creatinine > 0.97, prediction sensitivity and specificity were 65.5% and 67.2%, respectively, values that became 57.4% and 80.0%, respectively, at ratios exceeding 1.2. Cell and humoral immunity, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are all involved in the pathogenesis of HSPN, and type I hypersensitivity may be the disease trigger of HSPN. 24h-UPRO levels and urine protein/creatinine ratios could probably forecast the pathological classification of HSPN.
The Relationship of Career-Related Self-Efficacy Expectations to Perceived Career Options in College Women and Men.

The present study was designed to investigate the applicability of Bandura's self-efficacy theory to the process of career decision making and, in particular, to investigate the possible importance of self-efficacy expectations in the explanation of women's continued underrepresentation in many professional and managerial occupations. Subjects, 134 female and 101 male undergraduates, were asked to indicate their perceptions of their capabilities to successfully complete the educational requirements and job duties of each of 10 traditionally female and 10 traditionally male occupations. In addition, subjects indicated their degree of interest in and extent of consideration of each occupation. Finally, American College Test Math and English subtest scores were obtained. Results indicated significant and consistent sex differences in selfefficacy with regard to traditional versus nontraditional (for females) occupations: Males reported equivalent self-efficacy with regard to the two classes of occupations, females reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy with regard to traditional occupations and significantly lower levels of self-efficacy with regard to nontraditiona l occupations. Further, self-efficacy expectations were related to both the type and number of occupations considered and to expressed interest in traditional and nontraditional occupations. Implications for further investigation of the utility of self-efficacy theory to the understanding of vocational behavior and for the applications of the model to career counseling are discussed.
Pavlovian Processes in the Motivational Control of Instrumental Performance

Hungry rats were rewarded for pressing a lever on a multiple schedule. During one component the reward was a sucrose solution, whereas food pellets acted as the reward during another component. Lever pressing was never rewarded during the third component. When the drive state was switched from hunger to thirst and the animals tested in extinction, they pressed more in the presence of the component stimulus that had been associated with the sucrose reward during training. A similar effect was observed during the extinction test of a second study in which the component stimuli had signalled non-contingent presentations of either the sucrose or pellet rewards in the absence of the lever. This suggests that the instrumental irrelevant incentive effect observed in the first experiment was due, at least in part, to the Pavlovian relationship between the component stimuli and the reinforcers during training. In fact, when the size of the effects controlled by purely Pavlovian and supposedly instrumental contingencies was compared directly in the final study, no difference could be detected.
Effectiveness of Scaffolding Interrogatives Method: Teaching Reading Comprehension to Young Children with Hyperlexia in Singapore.

Children with hyperlexia display spontaneous superior word decoding ability before the age of five but impaired listening and reading comprehension. They have direct phonological processing of any given text with apparent ease and often well beyond their vocabulary usage. Though they can recognise and read words, words appear meaningless. As a result, it has been suggested that the word recognition skills and the general verbal functioning employed in the reading process probably exist separately and apart from each other. It may co-exist with non-verbal learning disorders and autism. In this paper, the authors did an action research study on the effectiveness of using the Scaffolding Interrogatives Method (SIM) to teach reading comprehension to a group of 10 eight-year-old children with hyperlexia at a private learning clinic. Findings suggested that mands and tacts were essential functional verbal components of the SIM to aid in answering reading comprehension questions.
ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT

This study aimedto find the English teachers‘ perceptions and practices of authentic assessment in the pilot project schools of the 2013 curriculum in Grobogan regency. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, first, a survey was done. Then, to obtain more in-depth information about the teachers‘ perceptions and practices of authentic assessment, a case study research was conducted. In this case, interview and classroom observation were conducted. Then, the data were analyzed through reading or memoing, describing, and classifying.The study revealed that the teachers have positive perceptions towards authentic assessment as they agreed that the assessment approach is beneficial to assess students‘ progress and achievement. However, the teachers perceived insufficient time, crowded classes, exhausting and time consuming activities, and also complicated administration as the main problems in applying authentic assessment. There were no significant differences among the teachers on the way they applied authentic assessment. In this case, they preferred written and task basedassessment, performance assessment, and also classroom observation in assessing their students. Nevertheless, in some cases, they did not apply the assessment properly as they did not put the assessment principles into practices.
An Observational Cohort Study of the Kynurenine to Tryptophan Ratio in Sepsis: Association with Impaired Immune and Microvascular Function

Both endothelial and immune dysfunction contribute to the high mortality rate in human sepsis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In response to infection, interferon-γ activates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) which metabolizes the essential amino acid tryptophan to the toxic metabolite kynurenine. IDO can be expressed in endothelial cells, hepatocytes and mononuclear leukocytes, all of which contribute to sepsis pathophysiology. Increased IDO activity (measured by the kynurenine to tryptophan [KT] ratio in plasma) causes T-cell apoptosis, vasodilation and nitric oxide synthase inhibition. We hypothesized that IDO activity in sepsis would be related to plasma interferon-γ, interleukin-10, T cell lymphopenia and impairment of microvascular reactivity, a measure of endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability. In an observational cohort study of 80 sepsis patients (50 severe and 30 non-severe) and 40 hospital controls, we determined the relationship between IDO activity (plasma KT ratio) and selected plasma cytokines, sepsis severity, nitric oxide-dependent microvascular reactivity and lymphocyte subsets in sepsis. Plasma amino acids were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and microvascular reactivity by peripheral arterial tonometry. The plasma KT ratio was increased in sepsis (median 141 [IQR 64–235]) compared to controls (36 [28–52]); p<0.0001), and correlated with plasma interferon-γ and interleukin-10, and inversely with total lymphocyte count, CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes, systolic blood pressure and microvascular reactivity. In response to treatment of severe sepsis, the median KT ratio decreased from 162 [IQR 100–286] on day 0 to 89 [65–139] by day 7; p = 0.0006) and this decrease in KT ratio correlated with a decrease in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (p<0.0001). IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism is associated with dysregulated immune responses and impaired microvascular reactivity in sepsis and may link these two fundamental processes in sepsis pathophysiology.
Optimistic and Pessimistic Neural Networks for Scene and Object Recognition

In this paper the application of uncertainty modeling to convolutional neural networks is evaluated. A novel method for adjusting the network's predictions based on uncertainty information is introduced. This allows the network to be either optimistic or pessimistic in its prediction scores. The proposed method builds on the idea of applying dropout at test time and sampling a predictive mean and variance from the network's output. Besides the methodological aspects, implementation details allowing for a fast evaluation are presented. Furthermore, a multilabel network architecture is introduced that strongly benefits from the presented approach. In the evaluation it will be shown that modeling uncertainty allows for improving the performance of a given model purely at test time without any further training steps. The evaluation considers several applications in the field of computer vision, including object classification and detection as well as scene attribute recognition.