Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Adjacent Channel Interference in Multi-Radio Systems using IEEE 802.11

A promising approach for improving the capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks is by making use of multiple non-overlapping RF channels. Multi-channel protocols have the advantage that several devices can transmit in parallel within a collision domain on distinct channels. When using IEEE 802.11b/g/a most protocol designers assume 3 and 12 non-overlapping channels, respectively. However, this simplified assumption does not hold. We present results from measurements that show that the number of available non-interfering channels depends on the antenna separation, PHY modulation, RF band, traffic pattern and whether single- or multi-radio systems are used. The problem is caused by adjacent channel interference (ACI) where nearby transmitters "bleed over" to other frequencies and either cause spurious carrier sensing or frame corruption. For nearby transceivers, as in the factory defaults of multi-radio devices, this results in at most two non- interfering channels, one within 2.4 GHz and the other within the 5 GHz band. Only if the distance between the antennas is increased, non-interfering channels within the bands themselves become available. Moreover, our comparison of single- and multi- radio systems allows us to isolate ACI from board crosstalk and radiation leakage of which only the multi-radio systems seem to suffer. Finally, we show how a packet-level simulator can be improved to realistically incorporate ACI. With the help of this simulator more confident statements about the performance of various multi-channel protocols can be made.
Rapid protein identification using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Current protein identification techniques are largely based on MALDI‐TOF mass fingerprinting and LC‐ESI MS/MS sequence tag analysis. Here we describe an improved method for rapid protein identification that uses direct infusion nanoelectrospray quadrupole time‐of‐flight (nanoESI QTOF) MS. Protein digests were analyzed without LC separation using nanoESI on a QSTAR XL MS/MS system in information dependent data acquisition mode. The protein identification conditions and parameters were extensively evaluated with in‐solution and in‐gel digested protein samples. Rapid identification of proteins was achieved and compared directly to the results obtained on the same samples using nanoflow HPLC‐MS/MS on the QSTAR system. The increased throughput, reproducibility, the high data quality, and the ease of use make the direct infusion system an efficient and affordable technique for protein identification analysis.
Compartmentalization of hnRNP‐K during cell cycle progression and its interaction with calponin in the cytoplasm

Coronary artery blockage, due to cardiovascular disease, is routinely treated by either balloon‐angioplasty or bypass surgery. The limited success of these clinical interventions is due at least in part to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Here we show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex K (hnRNP‐K) protein levels increase in SMC with response to serum stimulation in vitro, in the aortas from an animal model of atherosclerosis, and in occluded human vein segments. hnRNP‐K is a multi‐functional protein that has been studied primarily in cancer cells and has been suggested to play a role in cell cycle progression. We show that in untransformed, cultured SMC, hnRNP‐K protein sub‐cellular localization modulates through the cell cycle in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Using cycloheximide, we observed that cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP‐K protein at later time points in the cell cycle occurred with a concomitant decrease in nuclear hnRNP‐K protein, suggesting a translocation of nuclear hnRNP‐K protein to the cytoplasm. Also, because we did not observe an increase in hnRNP‐K protein at early time points in the cell cycle in the presence of cycloheximide, we propose that the early increase in cytoplasmic hnRNP‐K protein following serum stimulation is due to new hnRNP‐K protein synthesis. When present in the cytoplasm, hnRNP‐K is part of a multi‐protein complex that consists of at least two other proteins, calponin and ERK1/2. Our findings from this study are intriguing because they suggest that cytoplasmic hnRNP‐K in SMC is part of a signaling complex that may be involved in growth‐stimulated post‐transcriptional regulation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attention Network Dysfunction in Bulimia Nervosa - An fMRI Study

Objective Recent evidence has suggested an increased rate of comorbid ADHD and subclinical attentional impairments in bulimia nervosa (BN) patients. However, little is known regarding the underlying neural mechanisms of attentional functions in BN. Method Twenty BN patients and twenty age- and weight-matched healthy controls (HC) were investigated using a modified version of the Attention Network Task (ANT) in an fMRI study. This design enabled an investigation of the neural mechanisms associated with the three attention networks involved in alerting, reorienting and executive attention. Results The BN patients showed hyperactivation in parieto-occipital regions and reduced deactivation of default-mode-network (DMN) areas during alerting compared with HCs. Posterior cingulate activation during alerting correlated with the severity of eating-disorder symptoms within the patient group. Conversely, BN patients showed hypoactivation during reorienting and executive attention in anterior cingulate regions, the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and parahippocampus compared with HCs, which was negatively associated with global ADHD symptoms and impulsivity, respectively. Discussion Our findings demonstrate altered brain mechanisms in BN associated with all three attentional networks. Failure to deactivate the DMN and increased parieto-occipital activation required for alerting might be associated with a constant preoccupation with food or body image-related thoughts. Hypoactivation of executive control networks and TPJ might increase the likelihood of inattentive and impulsive behaviors and poor emotion regulation. Thus, dysfunction in the attentional network in BN goes beyond an altered executive attentional domain and needs to be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of BN.
Fabrication of Bragg Gratings on the End Facet of Standard Optical Fibers by Sputtering the Same Material

A sputtering process has been applied to deposit quarter-wavelength stacks on the end facet of cleaved optical fibers by using only one sputtering target. Standard multimode optical fibers were used as substrates to fabricate broadband filters, and the experimentally measured spectral responses of these devices are shown. Periodical changes in the refractive index of the coating have been achieved by changing the vacuum chamber pressure. A reflected peak with a full-width at half-maximum of 20 nm centered at 440 nm has been obtained, which provides a good structure for the development of optical fiber sensors working with the wavelength detection technique. This optical structure can be used for several purposes: as tunable wavelength filters or optical fiber sensors or to improve the performance of fluorescence sensors. A theoretical analysis of these structures corroborates the experimental results and allows some rules to be obtained.
cAMP and cGMP in nasal mucus related to severity of smell loss in patients with smell dysfunction.

PURPOSE To evaluate nasal mucus levels of cAMP and cGMP in patients with taste and smell dysfunction with respect to severity of their smell loss. METHODS cAMP and cGMP were measured in nasal mucus using a sensitive spectrophotometric 96 plate ELISA technique. Smell loss was measured in patients with taste and smell dysfunction by standardized psychophysical measurements of olfactory function and classified by severity of loss into four types from most severe to least severe such that anosmia > Type I hyposmia > Type II hyposmia > Type III hyposmia. Measurements of nasal mucus cyclic nucleotides and smell loss were made independently. RESULTS As smell loss severity increased stepwise cAMP and cGMP levels decreased stepwise [cAMP, cGMP (in pmol/ml); anosmia - 0.004, 0.008: Type I hyposmia - 0.12+/-0.03, 0.10+/-0.03: Type II hyposmia - 0.15+/-0.02, 0.16+/-0.01: Type III hyposmia - 0.23+/-0.05, 0.20+/-0.15]. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the association of biochemical changes in cyclic nucleotides with systematic losses of smell acuity. These results confirm the usefulness of the psychophysical methods we defined to determine the systematic classification of smell loss severity. These changes can form the basis for the biochemical definition of smell loss among some patients with smell loss as well as for their therapy.
Higher-Order Automated Theorem Proving

The history of building automated theorem provers for higher-order logic is almost as old as the field of deduction systems itself. The first successful attempts to mechanize and implement higher-order logic were those of Huet [13] and Jensen and Pietrzykowski [17]. They combine the resolution principle for higher-order logic (first studied in [1]) with higher-order unification. The unification problem in typed λ-calculi is much more complex than that for first-order terms, since it has to take the theory of αβη-equality into account. As a consequence, the higher-order unification problem is undecidable and sets of solutions need not even always have most general elements that represent them. Thus the mentioned calculi for higher-order logic have take special measures to circumvent the problems posed by the theoretical complexity of higher-order unification. In this paper, we will exemplify the methods and proofand model-theoretic tools needed for extending first-order automated theorem proving to higherorder logic. For the sake of simplicity take the tableau method as a basis (for a general introduction to first-order tableaux see part I.1) and discuss the higherorder tableau calculi HT and HTE first presented in [19]. The methods in this paper also apply to higher-order resolution calculi [1, 13, 6] or the higher-order matings method of Peter [3], which extend their first-order counterparts in much the same way. Since higher-order calculi cannot be complete for the standard semantics by Godel’s incompleteness theorem [11], only the weaker notion of Henkin models [12] leads to a meaningful notion of completeness in higher-order logic. It turns out that the calculi in [1, 13, 3, 19] are not Henkin-complete, since they fail to capture the extensionality principles of higher-order logic. We will characterize the deductive power of our calculus HT (which is roughly equivalent to these calculi) by the semantics of functional Σ-models. To arrive at a calculus that is complete with respect to Henkin models, we build on ideas from [6] and augment HT with tableau construction rules that use the extensionality principles in a goal-oriented way.
Cultural sensitivity and cultural competence: toward clarity of definitions in cross-cultural counselling and psychotherapy

The purpose of this study is to clarify definitions of cultural sensitivity and cultural competence in the literature on cross-cultural counselling and psychotherapy by examining the semantic relation between the two terms. These terms were included among ten cultural terms subjected to descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses. Descriptive analyses involved frequency count of the number of hits for each term across several search parameters, and of their co-occurrence in the literature. Multivariate analyses were multidimensional scaling supplemented by cluster analysis. Results indicated that the terms cultural sensitivity and cultural competence are salient and semantically associated in the psychological literature. Implications for cross-cultural training are discussed.
Salicylic Acid Peels for the Treatment of Photoaging

&NA; Several chemical agents are currently used to perform superficial chemical peels of the face. These include trichloracetic acid (15–30%), alpha‐hydroxy acids (eg, gly‐colic acid, 40–70%), and Jessner's solution (14% lactic acid, 14% resorcinol, and 14% salicylic acid). We have developed salicylic acid, a beta‐hydroxy acid, at a higher strength (30% in a hydro‐ethanolic vehicle) as an alternative peel. This peel has distinct advantages for resurfacing moderately photodamaged facial skin. We have peeled patients singly and multiply at 4‐week intervals. The benefits are fading of pigment spots, decreased surface roughness, and reduction of fine lines.
Impaired colonization of the gonads by primordial germ cells in mice lacking a chemokine, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the founders of sperm or oocytes. PGCs migrate through the tissues of the embryos and colonize the gonads during development. However, the cytokines essential for colonization of the gonads by PGCs in mammals remain unclear. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also called PBSF and CXCL12) is a member of chemokines, a family of structurally related chemoattractive cytokines. SDF-1 and its primary physiologic receptor CXCR4 have multiple essential functions in development including colonization of bone marrow by hematopoietic cells and neuron localization within cerebellum during embryogenesis as well as B lymphopoiesis and cardiovasculogenesis. Here, we have shown that PGCs have cell-surface expression of CXCR4 and that, in SDF-1−/− mice, PGCs undergo directed migration through tissues of embryos, but the numbers of PGCs in the gonads are significantly reduced. The proliferation of PGCs within the gonads seems normal in the mutant mice. These findings reveal the essential role for SDF-1 in murine PGC development likely by controlling colonization of the gonads by PGCs.
Effects of adult‐generated granule cells on coordinated network activity in the dentate gyrus

Throughout the adult life of most mammals, new neurons are continuously generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Recent work has documented specific cognitive deficits after elimination of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, suggesting that these neurons may contribute to information processing in hippocampal circuits. Young adult‐born neurons exhibit enhanced excitability and have altered capacity for synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slice preparations in vitro. Still, little is known about the effect of adult‐born granule cells on hippocampal activity in vivo. To assess the impact of these new neurons on neural circuits in the dentate, we recorded perforant‐path evoked responses and spontaneous network activity from the dentate gyrus of urethane‐anesthetized mice whose hippocampus had been focally X‐irradiated to eliminate the population of young adult‐born granule cells. After X‐irradiation, perforant‐path responses were reduced in magnitude. In contrast, there was a marked increase in the amplitude of spontaneous γ‐frequency bursts in the dentate gyrus and hilus, as well as increased synchronization of dentate neuron firing to these bursts. A similar increase in gamma burst amplitude was also found in animals in which adult neurogenesis was eliminated using the GFAP:TK pharmacogenetic ablation technique. These data suggest that young neurons may inhibit or destabilize recurrent network activity in the dentate and hilus. This unexpected result yields a new perspective on how a modest number of young adult‐generated granule cells may modulate activity in the larger population of mature granule cells, rather than acting solely as independent encoding units. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Motivations of older volunteers in three European countries

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate older volunteers’ motivations, with special focus on country differences, considering the kind of activities carried out and age differences. Design/methodology/approach - Using the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI), the authors measured motivations to volunteer of volunteers aged 50 or older, belonging to organizations engaged in the largest activity sectors of three European countries: The Netherlands ( Findings - Altruistic motivations are found to be more important for German older volunteers compared to Dutch and Italian older volunteers, but in the latter country they increase with ageing. Older volunteers engaged in selfless activities are more driven by altruistic motivations, especially in Germany and Italy, whereas egoistic motivations on selfish activities are important in all countries. As age increases, older volunteers’ emotional gratification goals are pursued especially in Italy, whereas the desire to pursue new knowledge is greater for younger-old volunteers in general, but especially in The Netherlands. Practical implications - The findings are relevant for local, national and European policy makers and NGO-managers concerned with the issue of recruiting and retaining older volunteers – a crucial issue for promoting active ageing outside the labour market. The results show how motivations influence the decision to volunteer in later life and will enable better planning of appropriate recruitment and retention strategies. Originality/value - This research represents, to the authors’ knowledge, the first cross-national investigation based on the VFI tool to specifically analyse the motivations of older volunteers across Europe.
The Role of Culture on Knowledge Transfer: The Case of the Multinational Corporation.

Purpose – This paper aims to look at the issue of culture's role in knowledge transfer within multinational corporations (MNCs). Studies of MNCs have hinted at the importance of culture to the performance of subsidiaries. Using Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity, it is argued that the location of subsidiaries along each of these cultural dimensions will significantly impact the possibility of knowledge transfer occurring between subsidiaries.Design/methodology/approach – The objectives were achieved by providing additional insights into the complex nature of knowledge transfer efforts in MNCs. To do so, a discussion of the challenges associated with the dimensions of culture is presented. These challenges are further complicated by the degree to which the home office is involved in the strategic decision‐making process surrounding inter‐subsidiary knowledge transfers.Findings – The paper suggests that managers sho.
A Developmental Perspective of Treatment for Sexually Vulnerable Youth

A developmental focus in treatment adolescents with sexual issues is often lacking. These issues include an understanding of normative sexual development, identity development, gender identity, sexual orientation, and relationship formation. Sexually vulnerable youth have special problems related to their sexual development that requires a developmental perspective in order to offer effective treatment. Sexually vulnerable youth, a term used by the author, describes youth that are sexually abusive, have been sexually abused and sexual minority youth. The characteristics of these three groups of youth are described and compared and many similarities are noted. A model of healthy sexuality that integrates several theories is presented as a way to conceptualize and understand the special needs of this population.
CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 IS THE MAJOR ENZYME INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF THE SUBSTANCE P RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST APREPITANT

The contribution of human cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms to the metabolism of aprepitant in humans was investigated using recombinant P450s and inhibition studies. In addition, aprepitant was evaluated as an inhibitor of human P450s. Metabolism of aprepitant by microsomes prepared from baculovirus-expressed human P450s was observed only when CYP1A2, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4 was present in the expression system. Incubation with CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 yielded only products of O-dealkylation, whereas CYP3A4 catalyzed both N- and O-dealkylation reactions. The metabolism of aprepitant by human liver microsomes was inhibited completely by ketoconazole or troleandomycin. No inhibition was observed with other P450 isoform-selective inhibitors. Aprepitant was evaluated also as a P450 inhibitor in human liver microsomes. No significant inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 was observed in experiments with isoform-specific substrates (IC50 > 70 μM). Aprepitant was a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4, with Ki values of ∼10 μM for the 1′- and 4-hydroxylation of midazolam, and the N-demethylation of diltiazem, respectively. Aprepitant was a very weak inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, with Ki values of 108 and 66 μM for the 7-hydroxylation of warfarin and the 4′-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin, respectively. Collectively, these results indicated that aprepitant is both a substrate and a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4.
A Crucial but Strenuous Process: Female Same-Sex Couples’ Reflections on Second-Parent Adoption

When a female same-sex couple has a child together through assisted reproduction, it is important that both partners be granted status as the child's legal parents. Second-parent adoption, where the non-birth mother adopts the child, is currently an option in several Western nations. The article presents findings from interviews with 96 Swedish mothers, all of whom have gone through second-parent adoptions in same-sex relations. The interviewees describe the adoption as crucial for their family. If the parents divorce or if one of them dies, it is deemed important to have legal parenthood established. A second-parent adoption process in Sweden can take several months to finish. In several interviews, the social workers assessing the family for the adoption are depicted as unprofessional and as asking irrelevant or intrusive questions. Others depict social workers as kind and competent. Other methods of granting legal parenthood to non-birth mothers are suggested for Swedish legislation.
Reasoning about highly emotional topics: Syllogistic reasoning in a group of war veterans

Previous studies have generally found that emotion impairs logical reasoning. However, laboratory experiments have typically involved relatively mild levels of emotion where affect is not linked to personal experience. In this study we examined how army veterans reasoned about syllogisms of three types: neutral, generally emotional, and combat-related emotional. We also measured intensity of combat experience. Veterans were more likely to provide logically accurate answers when reasoning about combat-related compared to neutral problems. Participants with more intense combat experiences showed a reduced advantage in reasoning about combat-related emotional problems.