Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPLICATIONAL PATTERNS IN INTERLANGUAGE SYNTAX VARIATION

In this paper, the acquisition of Swedish syntax of negation by adult second-language learners has been studied. Insights into the route of acquisition have been gained through a close examination of the learners' variation in their placement of the negative element, i.e., the way in which some learners variably place the negation before and after the finite verb. This type of variation has previously been seen as random and irregular, but through application of devices for the study of variable data, such as implicational scales (DeCamp 1971), variable rules (Labov 1969) and linguistic continua (DeCamp 1971, Bickerton 1975), it has been possible to discover regular patterns in the variation. Such regularities have previously been found in sound system acquisition by second-language learners (L. Dickerson 1975, W. Dickerson 1976). The route of acquisition has been found to be highly regular for the group of 160 subjects who were examined in this study, and furthermore, independent of differences in background factors of the learners, such as length of education and knowledge of foreign languages. Most interestingly, the route of acquisition has also been found to be the same for learners with different source languages. Thus the findings reported in this paper suggest that the process of acquisition of grammatical structures is a regular and dynamic one, in that there is a successive and continuous transition from one state to another. The behavior of a group of backsliders in the same syntactic area has also been studied. It is found that what is acquired last is also the first to be given up. These findings are in agreement with the Jakobsonian view of a natural sequence in language acquisition and language loss.
Korean Gifted Girls: The Achieved and the Unachieved

To identify the factors which facilitate or hinder personal career advancement of Korean gifted females, 162 graduates from the most prestigious girls' high school in Korea were studied using qualitative methods and in particular, documents such as alumnae records, questionnaires and interviews. Half of the gifted females had been included in a publication entitled ‘Korean Eminent Women’ and the other half were full-time housewives. The two groups were compared on their perceptions of their family background, school experiences, career development, career choices, life and marriage satisfaction, and attribution of their success and failure as professional women. Results indicated that gifted girls whose aspirations for career development were supported by their families and who were determined to advance in their careers achieved in their professional lives. The results imply that in Korean society, which remains a “patriarchal democracy” only those gifted females who were strong enough in their own convictions to discount the pressures of stereotypical attitudes limiting women's role in society to that of mothers and housewives, could achieve in their careers.
New Saffold Cardioviruses in 3 Children, Canada

In Canada, cardiovirus isolates related to Saffold virus were detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 3 children with respiratory symptoms. Polyprotein sequence of the Can112051-06 isolate had 91.2% aa identity with Saffold virus; however, EF and CD loops of the viral surface varied substantially.
Consumption-Driven Urban Development

Economic, political, cultural, and environmental distinctiveness may attract highquality workers and firms as well as reflect a region's export viability. We hypothesize that local consumption activity can be a source of such distinctiveness and thus of long-term growth and stability, and that specialization does not reflect export activity alone. Using skewness across metropolitan regions in the United States as a distinctiveness measure, we show that some occupations are more lopsided in their distribution than others. Because some highly skewed occupations like health care support workers and artists, media, entertainment, and sports workers are known to be chiefly local-serving; their regional significance can be attributed to variations in residents' local consumption spending rather than export demand. We conclude that economic development practitioners should weigh the considerable investments, including subsidies and tax incentives, made in wooing and retaining presumptive export base activities against those that might target distinctive local consumption activities.
A longest prefix match search engine for multi-gigabit IP processing

We propose an IP forwarding table search engine architecture, VLMP (vertical logical operation with mask-encoded prefix-length), for routers with multi-gigabit/sec speed links. We discuss the existing approaches and the requirements for search engines, and go on to propose VLMP search engine architecture that expands upon a content addressable memory (CAM) and can perform wire-speed packet processing of an OC-192 (9.6 Gb/s) link. In this architecture, prefixes can be stored in arbitrary order, while existing ternary CAMs require prefixes to be stored in the order of their lengths. Also presented is a newly developed search LSI in which the architecture is implemented.
La violencia escolar en los centros de educación secundaria de Asturias desde la perspectiva del alumnado

El presente trabajo parte de dos objetivos: el primero, identificar los tipos de violencia escolar mas habituales en la Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria de Asturias (Espana), en opinion del alumnado; el segundo, analizar las posibles diferencias en funcion del genero y del curso del alumnado en cuanto al nivel de violencia escolar percibido. Para ello, se aplico el cuestionario CUVE3-ESO, durante el curso 2009/2010, a 2597 estudiantes de 1o a 4o de ESO, pertenecientes a 18 centros educativos, que fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un predominio de la disrupcion en el aula y la violencia verbal entre estudiantes, asi como diferencias en el nivel percibido de violencia en funcion de las dos variables analizadas (genero y curso). El estudio ofrece una panoramica de la violencia escolar en los centros de Educacion Secundaria de Asturias, que debe ser tenida en cuenta en la planificacion de medidas para la convivencia escolar
Relationship Pattern of Poverty and Unemployement in Indonesia with Bayesian Spline Approach

Poverty is one of fundamental problems which become major concern of Indonesia Government. World Poverty Commission said that unemployment is one of the main causes of poverty. A lot of literatures state that there is a strong correlation between unemployment and poverty, but to prove it empirically, was not easy. To see the relationship pattern between poverty and unemployment in Indonesia, it can be used spline nonparametric regression model. Spline estimator in nonparametric regression can be obtained by Bayessian approach by using prior Gaussian improper and in order to choose the optimal smoothing parameter, Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) method is choosen. Relationship model of poverty and unemployment in Indonesia obtained in the form of a quadratic spline model with two optimal knots where percentage of poverty is in quadratic curve and rise in the stage when open unemployment rate is less than 3.87, and will be declined when the open unemployment rate moved between 3.87 and 4.24. But after the open unemployment rate reached 4.24, the percentage of poverty re-patterned quadratically but decreased slowly. So, for the case in Indonesia, unidirectional relationship between poverty and unemployment in the region occurred only partially, while some are actually spinning.
Endomorphisms of relatively hyperbolic groups

We generalize some results of Paulin and Rips-Sela on endomorphisms of hyperbolic groups to relatively hyperbolic groups, and in particular prove the following. (1) If G is a finitely generated non-elementary relatively hyperbolic group with slender parabolic subgroups, and either G is not co-Hopfian or Out(G) is infinite, then G splits over a slender group. (2) If a finitely generated non-parabolic subgroup H of a non-elementary relatively hyperbolic group is not Hopfian, then H acts non-trivially on an R-tree. (3) Every non-elementary relatively hyperbolic group has a non-elementary relatively hyperbolic quotient that is Hopfian. (4) Any finitely presented group is isomorphic to a finite index subgroup of Out(H) for some Kazhdan group H. (This sharpens a result of Ollivier-Wise).
Aortic valve replacement in the elderly: a comparative assay of potential risk factor modification.

From January 1989 to October 1992, 208 consecutive patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacement for calcified aortic stenosis in our department. Since the mean age of this patient population was 70 +/- 9 years, a retrospective clinical study was completed to assess the potential influence of advanced age on the independent predictors of early and late mortality. Hospital mortality was 6.2% (13 patients). Total follow up was 422.5 patient-years with a mean of 26 months. Nineteen patients died during the follow up period, equivalent to 4.5% per patient-year late mortality rate. Survival including hospital death was 88 +/- 2%, 86 +/- 2% and 79 +/- 4% at one, two and three years respectively. Eighteen variables as potential predictors of early and late mortality were studied. Predictors of hospital mortality were determined by logistic regression analysis, and those of late mortality by Cox proportional hazard model. Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR). Age greater than 70 years (OR = 9.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 80) and emergency surgery (OR = 8, 95% CI = 2.1 to 31) appeared as independent predictors of hospital mortality in multivariate analysis. Age above 75 years (RR = 3, 95% CI = 1.1 to 8.3), preoperative acute pulmonary edema (RR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1 to 7.7) and emergency surgery (RR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.2 to 15) were independently associated with decreased late survival. Advanced functional class (NYHA III-IV) was shown to be an independent predictor of early or late mortality only in univariate analysis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Signi fi cant Associations of Neurological Complications of Herpes Zoster With Stroke in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Methods and Results-—We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a population-based database to investigate the epidemiology of HZ in RA patients in Taiwan during the period of 2000-2011. A total of 27 609 newly diagnosed and eligible RA cases were identified, and 110 436 non-RA cases were matched for age and sex at a ratio of 4:1. HZ risk increased by 2.53-fold (P<0.0001) in RA patients compared with the general population. Exposure to corticosteroids (adjusted odds ratio=1.73, P<0.0001), adalimumab (adjusted odds ratio=1.61, P=0.002), and rituximab (adjusted odds ratio=2.06, P=0.008) was associated with an increased risk of HZ in RA patients. A significant association between the use of methotrexate or corticosteroids and HZ risk was dose-dependent (Ptrend<0.0001). Elevated risk of stroke was observed in RA patients with HZ (adjusted hazard ratio=1.27, P=0.047), particularly in those with neurological complications (adjusted hazard ratio=1.54, P=0.015). A 2.30-fold significantly increased risk of stroke within 90 days after HZ occurrence was observed in RA patients compared with those without HZ (P=0.02). Furthermore, death risk increased in RA patients with HZ (adjusted hazard ratio=1.18, P=0.026).
Vector symbol decoding with list inner symbol decisions

Vector symbol decoding is an outer code decoding technique for a concatenated code which works with a (n-k)*r syndrome matrix S of n-k linear combinations of r-bit inner code symbol vectors. A Gauss-Jordan reduction provides an error location vector. The zeros in the error location vector are the apparent error positions, and the number of zeros should match the rank of S. Then the error values can be solved. Decoding success is related to the linear independence of error vectors. Data scrambling techniques for inner code symbols can make linear independence likely for moderately large r. Any parity check code structure can be used for the combination rules. The new result is that, if the outer code decoder has available a (possibly ordered) list of two or more alternative decisions for some or all inner symbols, a slightly modified vector symbol decoder automatically reveals most correct alternatives, allowing more powerful and often simpler correction. Moreover, the ability to recognize these alternatives does not require error vector linear independence. The main idea is to store differences between alternative choices and the first choice as additional rows below the syndrome matrix S.
Empathy and the Self-Absorption Paradox II: Self-Rumination and Self-Reflection as Mediators Between Shame, Guilt, and Empathy

The present study tested the hypothesis that proneness to shame would predict self-rumination (and personal distress) whereas proneness to guilt would predict self-reflection (and perspective taking, and empathic concern). Results supported the majority of these predictions, and revealed that self-reflection mediates the relationship between guilt and perspective taking. Additional results provided some support for the hypothesis that self-rumination mediates the relationship between shame and personal distress. However, results also revealed that shame mediated the relationship between self-rumination and personal distress, suggesting that shame and self-rumination may feed each other within a reciprocal cycle that is likely to result in a maladaptive empathic response (i.e., personal distress). Empathic concern was associated with higher levels of guilt, but results failed to replicate earlier findings demonstrating a positive relationship between empathic concern and self-reflection. The present results replicate and extend past research and suggest several promising avenues for future research.
On the Kinetic and Allosteric Regulatory Properties of the ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Rhodococcus jostii: An Approach to Evaluate Glycogen Metabolism in Oleaginous Bacteria

Rhodococcus spp. are oleaginous bacteria that accumulate glycogen during exponential growth. Despite the importance of these microorganisms in biotechnology, little is known about the regulation of carbon and energy storage, mainly the relationship between glycogen and triacylglycerols metabolisms. Herein, we report the molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the gene coding for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27) of Rhodococcus jostii, strain RHA1. The recombinant enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity to accurately characterize its oligomeric, kinetic, and regulatory properties. The R. jostii ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is a homotetramer of 190 kDa exhibiting low basal activity to catalyze synthesis of ADP-glucose, which is markedly influenced by different allosteric effectors. Glucose-6P, mannose-6P, fructose-6P, ribose-5P, and phosphoenolpyruvate were major activators; whereas, NADPH and 6P-gluconate behaved as main inhibitors of the enzyme. The combination of glucose-6P and other effectors (activators or inhibitors) showed a cross-talk effect suggesting that the different metabolites could orchestrate a fine regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in R. jostii. The enzyme exhibited some degree of affinity toward ATP, GTP, CTP, and other sugar-1P substrates. Remarkably, the use of glucosamine-1P was sensitive to allosteric activation. The relevance of the fine regulation of R. jostii ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is further analyzed in the framework of proteomic studies already determined for the bacterium. Results support a critical role for glycogen as a temporal reserve that provides a pool of carbon able of be re-routed to produce long-term storage of lipids under certain conditions.
Unoriented Theta-Maxima in the Plane: Complexity and Algorithms

We introduce the unoriented $\Theta$-maximum as a new criterion for describing the shape of a set of planar points. We present efficient algorithms for computing the unoriented $\Theta$-maximum of a set of planar points. We also propose a simple linear expected time algorithm for computing the unoriented $\Theta$-maximum of a set of planar points when $\Theta=\pi/2$.
Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Perception of Self, Others, and Relationships: A Phenomenological Exploration

Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to investigate perception of self, others, and relationships in adults with a history of psychological maltreatment during childhood. Six participants from a low-cost counseling agency completed a semistructured interview. Four superordinate themes emerged: (a) shame-based perception of self, (b) self-protection from emotional pain, (c) limited awareness of others, and (d) shame-based roles in relationships. Psychological maltreatment has pervasive and deleterious consequences for self-worth, perception of others, and interpersonal functioning.
Effect of Echinophora platyloba, Stachys lavandulifolia, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis plants on Trichomonas vaginalis growth in vitro

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite which causes vaginitis in women worldwide. Metronidazole with vast side effects is drug of choice for this infection. In search for an alternative drug, in this study the effect of three plants on Trichomonas vaginalis has been investigated in vitro. Materials and Methods: Alcoholic and watery extracts of Echinophora platyloba, Stachys lavandulifolia, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were prepared. In TYIS culture medium containing alive Trichomonas vaginalis different concentrations of extracts of three plants were added. Following, 24, 48, and 72 h incubation the number of parasite in each test tube was counted. Results: Eucalyptus camaldulensis showed a strong effect on Trichomonas vaginalis growth. However, no significant effect was observed with Echinophora platyloba or Stachys lavandulifolia extracts. Conclusion: Eucalyptus camaldulensis can be considered as an alternative drug for treatment of infective vaginitis which is caused by bacteria, fungi and parasites.
The Effect of Acute Fluid Consumption Following Exercise-Induced Fluid Loss on Hydration Status, Percent Body Fat, and Minimum Wrestling Weight in Wrestlers

Abstract Cutrufello, PT and Dixon, CB. The effect of acute fluid consumption following exercise-induced fluid loss on hydration status, percent body fat, and minimum wrestling weight in wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 28(7): 1928–1936, 2014—Acute fluid consumption (approximately 1 L) has been shown to reduce urine specific gravity (Usg) among subjects after an overnight fast, yet it is unknown if Usg may be reduced among subjects who have experienced exercise-induced fluid loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute fluid consumption on Usg, body mass, percent body fat (%BF), and minimum wrestling weight (MWW) following an exercise-induced fluid loss protocol. National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches' perceptions of the weight certification program (WCP) were also evaluated. Twelve men wrestlers (19.8 ± 1.14 years) were tested prepractice (PRE), postpractice (POST), and 1 hour after consuming 1 L of water (PFC). Percent body fat was measured by skinfolds (SF), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and multifrequency and leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis to calculate MWW. Urine specific gravity measurements significantly increased above PRE (1.013 ± 0.006) at the POST (1.019 ± 0.007; p = 0.017) and PFC (1.022 ± 0.008; p = 0.025) assessments; however, POST and PFC were not significantly different (p = 0.978) from one another. The %BF values were similar (p > 0.05) at each assessment point when using SF and ADP. When compared with PRE, MWW significantly reduced at the POST assessment when using SF (67.2 ± 8.4 vs. 65.7 ± 8.2 kg; p < 0.001) and ADP (66.6 ± 9.1 vs. 64.8 ± 9.0 kg; p = 0.001), reflecting the reduction in body mass observed after exercise. Forty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches completed the questionnaire and 2 central themes emerged: (a) concerns with the 1.5% weight loss plan and (b) wrestlers using strategies in an attempt to circumvent the WCP. Exercise-induced fluid loss followed by acute fluid consumption equal to 1 L was ineffective in reducing Usg.
On leveraging conversational data for building a text dependent speaker verification system

Recently we have investigated the use of state-of-the-art text-independent and text-dependent speaker verification algorithms for a text-dependent user authentication task and obtained satisfactory results mainly by using a fair amount of text-dependent development data. In our study, best results were obtained using the NAP framework rather than using the more advanced JFA and i-vector-based frameworks. In this work we investigate the ability to build high accuracy i-vector-based systems by leveraging widely available conversational data. We explore various techniques for transforming conversational sessions in such a way that attributes which are more relevant to the text-dependent task are enhanced. Using these techniques we managed to reduce verification error significantly.
Latah as Coping: a Case Study Offering a New Paradox to Solve the Old One

All agree that Latah is a culture-bound, highly stereotypic syndrome in Malaysia and Indonesia, exhibited by persons who respond to minimal optic, acoustic or tactile stimuli with exaggerated startles, often uttering improper words, sometimes throwing or dropping a held object. Some but not all latahs may, when flustered, obey the orders of persons nearby and/or show coprolalia, echolalia or echopraxia. Latah-like behaviour is known in several Asian countries under different names as: Yaun (Burma), Bah-tsche (Thailand), Mali-mali (Philippines), Imu (Japan), 010n, Myriachit, Ikota and Amurakh (Siberia). Its occurrence is not restricted to the Asian continent. It has been observed in South and in Northern Africa (Simons, 1980). In Europe it is known as Lapp-panic (Lapland) and a single Maltese case has been described. In Canada and the State of Maine in North America &dquo;jumpirag&dquo; was described early this century (Beard, 1878, 1880). Geertz (1968) claimed that latah reflects typical Javanese values. The occurrence of latahs all over the world precludes a purely culture-bound origin. Unless one accepts a multicausal
The victim and the psychologist: Changing perceptions of Israeli holocaust survivors by the mental health community in the past 50 years.

The article focuses on the changing themes of psychological theory in regard to posttraumatic effects of the Holocaust on its survivors in the course of the past 50 years. An examination of pertinent changes in the Israeli society during that time period helps clarify these themes. Three stages of change have been identified, each with its different concerns, key issues, consensual answers, and attitudes toward Holocaust survivors. These concerns are (a) who survived? (b) are survivors psychologically healthy or sick? and (c) have the posttraumatic effects extended beyond the survivors (e.g., to their families)? The analysis reveals similarity between the concerns that guided the development of psychological theory and those that governed social discourse on the Holocaust and its survivors in Israeli society. The implications of this analogy for the development of psychological theory and the understanding of societal coping with massive social traumas are discussed. The analysis draws on psychological literature on posttraumatic stress and on sociohistorical analyses of Israeli society.