Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Podophyllotoxin Type-Lignans from the Steam Bark of Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides

The hydroalcoholic extract of the steam bark of B. fagaroides var. fagaroides displayed potent cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines, namely KB (ED50 = 9.6 × 10−2 μg/mL), PC-3 (ED50 = 2.5 × 10−1 μg/mL), MCF-7 (ED50 = 6.6 μg/mL), and HF-6 (ED50 = 7.1 × 10−3 μg/mL). This extract also showed anti-tumour activity when assayed on mice inoculated with L5178Y lymphoma cells. Bioactivity-directed isolation of this extract, afforded seven podophyllotoxin-type lignans identified as podophyllotoxin (1), β-peltatin-A-methylether (2), 5′-desmethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (3), desmethoxy-yatein (4), desoxypodophyllotoxin (5), burseranin (6), and acetyl podophyllotoxin (7) by 1D and 2DNMR and FAB-MS analyses, and comparison with reported values. All the isolated compounds showed potent cytotoxic activity in the cell lines tested, especially compound 3, which exhibited greater activity than camptothecin and podophyllotoxin against PC-3 (ED50 = 1.0 × 10−5 μg/mL), and KB (ED50 = 1.0 × 10−5 μg/mL). This is the first report of the isolation of podophyllotoxin and its acetate in a Bursera species.
Firm Characteristics and the Impact of Emerging Market Liberalizations

We provide a firm level analysis of the impact of capital market liberalization in 18 emerging markets. We find a larger increase in returns during liberalization and a larger decrease in returns after liberalization than previously found using indexes. While slightly more than half of the firms had higher returns during liberalization, a significant majority of firms have lower returns and lower dividend yields subsequently. These changes in returns suggest that liberalization lowers firms? cost of equity as predicted by models of international asset pricing. We also find that emerging market firms have increased exposure to the world market and decreased exposure to the home market following liberalization. On average, the Fama and French factors and momentum are not significantly affected by liberalization. We also find that the impact of liberalization varies significantly and to a large degree predictably across firms. During liberalization, smaller firms, high book-to-market value firms, low local beta firms, low foreign exchange beta firms, and non-manufacturing firms have increased returns. After liberalization, firms with higher local market betas, and firms with lower foreign exchange betas have decreased returns. Firms which are cross- listed have significantly larger changes in returns than other firms, suggesting that cross- listing has an additional diversifying impact.
Genetic Detection of Sex-Biased and Age-Biased Dispersal in a Population of Wild Carnivore, the Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes

Field studies conducted on rural red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations suggest that the majority of males tend to disperse while the majority of females tend to be philopatric, that males disperse farther than females, and that most of the foxes disperse during their first year of life. However, the quantification of dispersal parameters is poorly documented in the red fox, because this carnivore is notoriously difficult to follow from birth to maturity. The aim of this study was to test hypotheses from field data with the help of a molecular analysis using six random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The study was conducted on samples collected from 85 foxes in a French rural population. Genetic and geographical distances between pairs of individuals were calculated for the 3570 potential pairs originating from this population to determine whether the foxes had dispersed. High genetic diversity and an absence of genetic clusters among studied individuals support the occurrence of intense and constant gene flow in the study population, probably induced by dispersion. At least 16.2% of the potential pairs we studied were subject to dispersal. Sex-biased dispersion was not observed, apart from a sex bias in favor of females towards long-distance dispersal. A predominance of males that ultimately dispersed a long distance could not thus be confirmed. Furthermore, it seems that dispersal did not occur primarily in the subadult age class in our rural study area, but that some pairs of juveniles may also have been involved in dispersal.
Quadruplex-forming sequences occupy discrete regions inside plant LTR retrotransposons

Retrotransposons with long terminal repeats (LTR) form a significant proportion of eukaryotic genomes, especially in plants. They have gag and pol genes and several regulatory regions necessary for transcription and reverse transcription. We searched for potential quadruplex-forming sequences (PQSs) and potential triplex-forming sequences (PTSs) in 18 377 full-length LTR retrotransposons collected from 21 plant species. We found that PQSs were often located in LTRs, both upstream and downstream of promoters from which the whole retrotransposon is transcribed. Upstream-located guanine PQSs were dominant in the minus DNA strand, whereas downstream-located guanine PQSs prevailed in the plus strand, indicating their role both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Our circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements confirmed that these PQSs readily adopted guanine quadruplex structures—some of them were paralell-stranded, while others were anti-parallel-stranded. The PQS often formed doublets at a mutual distance of up to 400 bp. PTSs were most abundant in 3′UTR (but were also present in 5′UTR). We discuss the potential role of quadruplexes and triplexes as the regulators of various processes participating in LTR retrotransposon life cycle and as potential recombination sites during post-insertional retrotransposon-based genome rearrangements.
In Utero Exposure to Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces Testicular Effects in Neonatal Rats That Are Antagonized by Genistein Cotreatment1

ABSTRACT Fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs) is believed to predispose males to reproductive abnormalities. Although males are exposed to combinations of chemicals, few studies have evaluated the effects of ED mixtures at environmentally relevant doses. Our previous work showed that fetal exposure to a mixture of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) and the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced unique alterations in adult testis. In this follow-up study, we examined Postnatal Day 3 (PND3) and PND6 male offspring exposed from Gestational Day 14 to parturition to corn oil, 10mg/kg GEN, DEHP, or their combination, to gain insight into the early molecular events driving long-term alterations. DEHP stimulated the mRNA and protein expression of the steroidogenic enzyme HSD3B, uniquely at PND3. DEHP also increased the mRNA expression of Nestin, a Leydig progenitor/Sertoli cell marker, and markers of Sertoli cell (Wt1), gonocyte (Plzf, Foxo1), and proliferation (Pcna) at PND3, while these genes were unchanged by the mixture. Redox (Nqo1, Sod2, Sod3, Trx, Gst, Cat) and xenobiotic transporter (Abcb1b, Abcg2) gene expression was also increased by DEHP at PND3, while attenuated when combined with GEN, suggesting the involvement of cellular stress in short-term DEHP effects and a protective effect of GEN. The direct effects of GEN and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the principal bioactive metabolite of DEHP, on testis were investigated in PND3 organ cultures, showing a stimulatory effect of 10 μM mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on basal testosterone production that was normalized by GEN. These effects contrasted with previous reports of androgen suppression and decreased gene expression in perinatal rat testis by high DEHP doses, implying that neonatal effects are not predictive of adult effects. We propose that GEN, through an antioxidant action, normalizes reactive oxygen species-induced neonatal effects of DEHP. The notion that these EDs do not follow classical dose-response effects and involve different mechanisms of toxicity from perinatal ages to adulthood highlights the importance of assessing impacts across a range of doses and ages.
An investigation of the relationship between childhood trauma experince of adolescents and the anger expression styles, self -esteem, life satisfaction Ergenlerde çocukluk örselenme yaşantıları ve öfke ifade tarzları ile benlik saygısı ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi

The aim of study is to investigate the relationship between childhood traumatic experience of adolescents and the anger expression styles, self-esteem and life satisfaction. The study conducted on 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade students, the age range 14-18. The sample consisted of 210 female (46%), 240 male (53%) total 450 adolescents. To collect data “Childhood Trauma Questionnaire”, “State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory”, “Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale” “Satisfaction of Life Scale” have been applied to the students. The analysis data One Way ANOVA and Pearson Product Momentum Coefficient have been calculated. The results of the study revealed that according to gender there is significant differentiation on emotional and sexual abuse but not physical abuse. In addition the results of the study have been shown that the students who have experienced physical, emotional and sexual abuse significantly differentiated on trait anger and anger expression scales (anger in, anger out, anger control), self esteem and satisfaction of life scales scores. All variables correlations coefficiants were significantly correlated at p<. 001 significant level as expected direction. Ozet Bu arastirmanin amaci ergenlerde cocukluk orselenme yasantilari ve ofke ifade bicimleri ile benlik saygisi ve yasam doyumu arasindaki iliskilerin incelenmesidir. Arastirma 9, 10,11 ve 12. sinifa devam eden 14-18 yas araligindaki 210 kiz (%46), 240 erkek (%53) toplam 450 ergen uzerinde yurutulmustur. Verilerin toplanmasinda “Cocukluk Orselenme Yasantilari Olcegi Ergen Formu”, “Surekli Ofke ve Ofke Ifade Tarzlari Olcegi”, “Rosenberg Benlik Saygisi Olcegi” ile “Yasam Doyumu” olcme araclari kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde “Tek Yonlu Varyans Analizi” ve “Pearson Korelasyon Katsayisi” istatistik teknikleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari fiziksel istismarin cinsiyete gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermedigini ancak duygusal istismar ve cinsel istismarin ise cinsiyete gore anlamli bir bicimde farklilastigini gostermektedir. Fiziksel, duygusal ve cinsel istismar yasantisi geciren ergenlerin gecirmeyenlere gore surekli ofke, ofke ice ve ofke disa alt boyutlarinda yuksek puanlara sahip olduklari, yine bu uc istismar yasantisi geciren ergenlerin benlik saygisi ve yasam doyumu puanlarinin da anlamli bir bicimde dusuk oldugunu gostermektedir. Ergenlerde fiziksel, duygusal ve cinsel istismar yasantilari ile surekli ofke ve ofke ifade tarzlari, benlik saygisi ve yasam doyumu duzeyleri arasinda beklenildigi yonde p<. 001 duzeyinde anlamli iliskiler mevcuttur.
Chronic Plasmodium falciparum infections in an area of low intensity malaria transmission in the Sudan

Chronic Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in a Sudanese village, in an area of seasonal and unstable malaria transmission, were monitored and genetically characterized to study the influence of persistent infection on the immunology and epidemiology of low endemicity malaria. During the October–December malaria season of 1996, 51 individuals out of a population of 420 had confirmed and treated P. falciparum malaria in the village of Daraweesh in eastern Sudan. In a cross-sectional survey carried out in December 1996, an additional 6 individuals were found to harbour a microscopically negative but polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive P. falciparum infection. On 1 January 1997, a cohort of 43 individuals aged from 9 to 53, recruited from this group of recently malaria-infected individuals agreed to donate fortnightly blood samples for the next 9 months, the first 6 of which constitute the long Sudanese dry season when transmission falls to undetectable levels. Each blood sample was tested for the presence of persistent malaria infection by microscopy and PCR. Parasite-positive samples were genotyped using PCR assays that detect allelic polymorphism at the MSP-1, MSP-2 and GLURP marker gene loci. Of 43 individuals 16 were found to maintain chronic P. falciparum infections which were continuously genetically characterized.
Arabidopsis PROTEIN S‐ACYL TRANSFERASE4 mediates root hair growth

Polar growth of root hairs is critical for plant survival and requires fine-tuned Rho of plants (ROP) signaling. Multiple ROP regulators participate in root hair growth. However, protein S-acyl transferases (PATs), mediating the S-acylation and membrane partitioning of ROPs, are yet to be found. Using a reverse genetic approach, combining fluorescence probes, pharmacological drugs, site-directed mutagenesis and genetic analysis with related root-hair mutants, we have identified and characterized an Arabidopsis PAT, which may be responsible for ROP2 S-acylation in root hairs. Specifically, functional loss of PAT4 resulted in reduced root hair elongation, which was rescued by a wild-type but not an enzyme-inactive PAT4. Membrane-associated ROP2 was significantly reduced in pat4, similar to S-acylation-deficient ROP2 in the wild type. We further showed that PAT4 and SCN1, a ROP regulator, additively mediate the stability and targeting of ROP2. The results presented here indicate that PAT4-mediated S-acylation mediates the membrane association of ROP2 at the root hair apex and provide novel insights into dynamic ROP signaling during plant tip growth.
An inactive pool of GSK-3 at the leading edge of growth cones is implicated in Semaphorin 3A signaling

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in several aspects in embryonic development and several growth factor signaling cascades. We now report that an inactive phosphorylated pool of the enzyme colocalizes with F-actin in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A), a molecule that inhibits axonal growth, activates GSK-3 at the leading edge of neuronal growth cones and in Sema 3A–responsive human breast cancer cells, suggesting that GSK-3 activity might play a role in coupling Sema 3A signaling to changes in cell motility. We show that three different GSK-3 antagonists (LiCl, SB-216763, and SB-415286) can inhibit the growth cone collapse response induced by Sema 3A. These studies reveal a novel compartmentalization of inactive GSK-3 in cells and demonstrate for the first time a requirement for GSK-3 activity in the Sema 3A signal transduction pathway.
Emerging drugs for pulmonary hypertension

Importance of the field: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by structural narrowing of the small pulmonary arteries that often culminates in fatal right heart failure. Areas covered in this review: PubMed was searched for PAH and treatment. Data from scientific meetings and pharmaceutical websites are also included. There are currently eight FDA approved drugs for PAH that fall into one of three classes: prostacyclins, endothelin-receptor antagonists and PDE-5 inhibitors. All have important limitations and morbidity and mortality remain high. Several new agents with similar mechanisms of action are in clinical development. Multiple novel therapeutic targets are being explored. New applications for PAH therapies, such as pulmonary hypertension due to left heart and lung disease, are also being investigated. What the reader will gain: An understanding of currently available drugs and those in clinical development for pulmonary hypertension. Take home message: Drugs targeting the pulmonary vasculature have been an extremely active area of basic and clinical research for the past 20 years and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future. Considerable progress has been made, and yet there continues to be a great unmet medical need for developing more efficacious therapies.
Multi-tenant SaaS applications: maintenance dream or nightmare?

Multi-tenancy is a relatively new software architecture principle in the realm of the Software as a Service (SaaS) business model. It allows to make full use of the economy of scale, as multiple customers - "tenants" - share the same application and database instance. All the while, the tenants enjoy a highly configurable application, making it appear that the application is deployed on a dedicated server. The major benefits of multi-tenancy are increased utilization of hardware resources and improved ease of maintenance, in particular on the deployment side. These benefits should result in lower overall application costs, making the technology attractive for service providers targeting small and medium enterprises (SME). However, as this paper advocates, a wrong architectural choice might entail that multi-tenancy becomes a maintenance nightmare.
Automatic Evaluation of Topic Coherence

This paper introduces the novel task of topic coherence evaluation, whereby a set of words, as generated by a topic model, is rated for coherence or interpretability. We apply a range of topic scoring models to the evaluation task, drawing on WordNet, Wikipedia and the Google search engine, and existing research on lexical similarity/relatedness. In comparison with human scores for a set of learned topics over two distinct datasets, we show a simple co-occurrence measure based on pointwise mutual information over Wikipedia data is able to achieve results for the task at or nearing the level of inter-annotator correlation, and that other Wikipedia-based lexical relatedness methods also achieve strong results. Google produces strong, if less consistent, results, while our results over WordNet are patchy at best.
Radiative reactions and coherence modeling in the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse.

A high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with a peak field intensity of 5 x 10/sup 4/ V/m carries momentum that results in a retarding force on the average Compton electron (radiating coherently to produce the waveform) with magnitude near that of the geomagnetic force responsible for the coherent radiation. The retarding force results from a self-field effect. The Compton electron interaction with the self-generated magnetic field due to the other electrons accounts for the momentum density in the propagating wave; interaction with the self-generated electric field accounts for the energy-flux density in the propagating wave. Coherent addition of radiation is also quantitatively modeled.
KBP interacts with SCG10, linking Goldberg–Shprintzen syndrome to microtubule dynamics and neuronal differentiation

Abstract Goldberg–Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS) is a rare clinical disorder characterized by central and enteric nervous system defects. This syndrome is caused by inactivating mutations in the Kinesin Binding Protein (KBP) gene, which encodes a protein of which the precise function is largely unclear. We show that KBP expression is up-regulated during neuronal development in mouse cortical neurons. Moreover, KBP-depleted PC12 cells were defective in nerve growth factor-induced differentiation and neurite outgrowth, suggesting that KBP is required for cell differentiation and neurite development. To identify KBP interacting proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and found that KBP binds almost exclusively to microtubule associated or related proteins, specifically SCG10 and several kinesins. We confirmed these results by validating KBP interaction with one of these proteins: SCG10, a microtubule destabilizing protein. Zebrafish studies further demonstrated an epistatic interaction between KBP and SCG10 in vivo . To investigate the possibility of direct interaction between KBP and microtubules, we undertook co-localization and in vitro binding assays, but found no evidence of direct binding. Thus, our data indicate that KBP is involved in neuronal differentiation and that the central and enteric nervous system defects seen in GOSHS are likely caused by microtubule-related defects.
The act of thinking

A new theory proposes that thinking is a learned action. In this remarkable monograph, Derek Melser argues that the core assumption of both folk psychology and cognitive science-that thinking goes on in the head-is mistaken. Melser argues that thinking is not an intracranial process of any kind, mental or neural, but is rather a learned action of the person. After an introduction in which he makes a prima facie case that thinking is an action, Melser reviews action-based theories of thinking advanced by Ryle, Vygotsky, Hampshire and others. He then presents his own theory of "token concerting," according to which thinking is a special kind of token performance, by the individual, of certain social, concerted activity. He examines the developmental role of concerted activity, the token performance of concerted activity, the functions of speech, the mechanics and uses of covert tokening, empathy, the origins of solo action, the actional nature of perception, and various kinds and aspects of mature thinking. In addition, he analyzes the role of metaphors in the folk notion of mind. While intending his theory as a contribution to the philosophy of mind, Melser aims also at a larger goal: to establish actions as a legitimate philosophical given, self-explanatory and sui generis. To this end, he argues in the final chapter against the possibility of scientific explanation of actions. The Act of Thinking opens up a large new area for philosophical research.
Optical texture and linear perspective as stimuli for slant perception.

Experiments critical of the effectiveness of variables of optical texture in evoking accurate judgments of slant are shown to be inappropriate, inadequate, or deficient. Experiments supporting linear perspective as a stimulus for slant are evaluated. The contention that perceived slant is a function primarily of linear perspective is shown to be oversimplified and hardly adequate to cope with the facts. Some aspects of Flock's theoretical model specifying optical stimuli for slant are discussed.
The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community

Published by the Falling Wall Press and a group of individuals from the Women's Movement in England and Italy Printed and bound by Butler and Tanner Ltd., Frome and London, England First edition, October 1972 Second edition, February 1973 Third edition, September 1975 Copyright ©1972 Mariarosa Dalla Costa and Selma James This book has also been published in Italian, German, French and Spanish. ISBN 0 9502702 4 5 Falling Wall Press Ltd. 79 Richmond Rd., Montpelier, Bristol BS6 SEP, England
Partisanship and Voting Behavior , 1952 -

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