Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal investment tactics in superb fairy-wrens

In cooperatively breeding species, parents often use helper contributions to offspring care to cut their own costs of investment (i.e. load-lightening). Understanding the process of load-lightening is essential to understanding both the rules governing parental investment and the adaptive value of helping behaviour, but little experimental work has been conducted. Here we report the results of field experiments to determine maternal provisioning rules in cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). By manipulating carer : offspring ratios, we demonstrate that helpers allow females to reduce the rate at which they provision their brood. Female reductions, however, were less than that provided by helpers, so that chicks still received food at a faster rate in the presence of helpers. Despite this, chicks fed by parents and helpers were not heavier than those provisioned by parents alone. This is because maternal load-lightening not only occurs during the chick provisioning stage, but also at the egg investment stage. Theoretically, complete load-lightening is predicted when parents value themselves more highly than their offspring. We tested this idea by ‘presenting’ mothers with a ‘choice’ between reducing their own levels of care and increasing investment in their offspring. We found that mothers preferred to cut their contributions to brood care, just as predicted. Our experiments help to explain why helper effects on offspring success have been difficult to detect in superb fairy-wrens, and suggest that the accuracy with which theoretical predictions of parental provisioning rules are matched in cooperative birds depends on measuring maternal responses to helper presence at both the egg and chick stages.
A Discourse-Based Theory of Interdisciplinary Connections

Working inductively from classroom research and guided by a Bakhtinian view of language, the author proposes a discourse-based theory of interdisciplinary connections. The article includes examples of four discursive resources individuals draw on to make interdisciplinary connectionsÑcontent, propositions, ways of knowing, and classroom genresÑwith special focus on genres.
Shaping Sydney Harbour: Sedimentation, dredging and reclamation 1788-1990s

Described by Governor Phillip as 'the finest harbour in the world', Sydney Harbour was affected by accelerated sedimentation very soon after settlement in 1788. Dredging began in 1842 to deal with the problems caused by sedimentation and to enhance foreshore amenity. By the end of the nineteenth century, dredging was also excavating the bottom of the Harbour and its bays to accommodate larger ships with deeper draughts, and dredged sediment was increasingly used to reclaim mudflats or marshes deemed unhealthy or unsightly, thereby creating additional useful waterfront land. There was virtually continuous dredging in some part or other of the Harbour and its tributaries for almost 140 years. With increasing costs and mounting environmental concerns, dredging is now intermittent, and carried out largely to facilitate navigation for specific projects, despite continued sedimentation. While there was an early lack of understanding of the Australian environment and the impact of clearing on soils, the causes of increased sedimentation had been documented by the 1860s. However, measures to seriously address causes were not introduced until late in the twentieth century. This paper briefly outlines the development of the Sydney estuary to 1788, considers the impact of settlement in accelerating sedimentation, traces the development of dredging and reclamation, and discusses their significance for a number of areas of current research and environmental management, as well as to social and economic history. Within the limitations of the data available, annual sediment dredged, annual expenditure, cost per tonne, and areas reclaimed by dredging and filling are included.
Blast-related traumatic brain injury: what is known?

Figure 1. The sequence of changes in atmospheric pressure following an explosion make up the blast wave. Prior to the explosion (1), pressure is normal. With the passage of the shock front (2), the blast forces are maximal and the wind flows away from the explosion (2, arrow). This is followed by a drop in atmospheric pressure to below normal (3), resulting in the reversed blast wind (3, arrow). Atmospheric pressure returns to normal after the blast wave subsides (4).
Understanding What's in a Brand Rating: A Model for Assessing Brand and Attribute Effects and Their Relationship to Brand Equity

Although brand ratings capture the favorability of brand associations, they often do not enable marketing managers to disentangle brand-specific associations from other effects. In this article, the authors present a decompositional model for analyzing brand ratings that addresses this nagging problem and provide insights for understanding the sources of brand equity. Starting with consumers' perceived level of a brand on an attribute, the authors decompose the rating into two components: brand-specific associations and general brand impressions. Brand-specific associations refer to features, attributes, or benefits that consumers link to a brand and that differentiate it from the competition. General brand impressions refer to general impressions about the brand that are based on a more holistic view of the brand. In this article, the authors focus on two principal issues: (1) How can the sources of bias that may be present in brand ratings be disentangled? and (2) Do these putatively biasing effects, if present, have any managerial implications for brand equity? The authors demonstrate the properties and advantages of the model in the context of three empirical applications.
Decreases in circulating CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ cells and increases in intragraft FOXP3+ cells accompany allograft rejection in pediatric liver allograft recipients

Abstract: We examined CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ cells Treg in children following liver transplantation and determined the relationship between Treg cell levels in the blood and in the graft. Peripheral blood was obtained from pediatric liver transplant patients at sequential time points: pre‐transplant, one month, 3–4 months, 6–7 months, and 11–12 months post‐transplant. PBMC were isolated, labeled for CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 expression and analyzed by flow cytometry for CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ cells. Sorted CD4+CD25hi cells were assessed for functional activity. Pretransplant blood levels of CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ Treg cells were not significantly different from post‐transplant blood levels of CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ Treg cells. However, the blood levels of CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ Treg cells were significantly decreased during acute rejection compared with levels when graft function was stable. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FOXP3+ cells were increased in the portal region of livers with histopathologic evidence of acute graft rejection compared with livers without evidence of rejection and were localized primarily within the inflammatory infiltrate. These data indicate that Treg cells are found at the site of allograft rejection and may play a role in regulation of alloreactivity. Moreover, monitoring peripheral CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ Treg cell levels may be useful in improving the post‐transplant management of pediatric liver allograft recipients.
(Con)Texts for Cultural and Linguistic Hybridity among Somali Diaspora Youth

The perspectives of immigrant youth are important to be aware of because they can reveal the powerful role society has in framing and forming the range of possibilities available to them. Culturally speaking, immigrant youth often face mismatches between home and school values, but they sometimes encounter intracultural struggles as well. This article reviews literature about immigrant cultural adaptation and then illustrates concepts of cultural third space (Bhabha, 1994) using three texts produced by Somali adolescent boys. The texts offer examples of Somali adolescent perspectives and a window into their language use, and identities that take shape at school, at home, and in other public spaces. A discussion of each text connects to questions and implications for educators.
Lattice network codes over optimal lattices in low dimensions

Lattice network coding is an important building block of physical-layer network coding. The receiver is required to compute a linear combination of the source symbols belonging to a finite alphabet with an algebraic structure. In this paper, lattice network codes are constructed from lattices that have optimal packing density and the best known shaping gain in low dimensions. Using the efficient quantization functions of these optimal lattices, practical lattice network codes are constructed. Simulation results demonstrate that there is a 4 to 5 dB performance gain in comparison to the baseline lattice network code with hypercube shaping.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: a rare entity

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare aggressive malignancy. It is a rapidly advancing lesion which, if not recognised and treated early, results in high morbidity and mortality. Despite radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, prognosis of this cancer continues to be poor. Careful clinical and histological examination is mandatory to differentiate this tumour from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and other primary malignancies of the parotid. The authors hereby report the case of a 50-year-old male patient who presented with a progressively increasing, painless mass in parotid region of 6 months duration. An initial fine-needle aspiration cytology and subsequent histopathological examination confirmed that the tumour was squamous cell carcinoma. As no other primary source could be demonstrated in the patient, a final diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of parotid was offered. Currently the patient is on regular follow-up without any signs of recurrence.
Optimization of diffuser geometry for an horizontal axis shrouded hydro turbine

The present thesis work concerns the optimization of the shroud of an horizontal axis hydro turbine (HAHT). The main aim is to improve the hydro-turbine efficiency by designing a new shroud airfoil through an optimization process that maximize, as objective function, the power coefficient. The optimization process was carried out by MATLAB©on the supercomputing infrastructure SCoPE of the University of Naples. Results are obtained with CFD calculations, namely by STARCCM+ for an axisymmetric model, taking advantage of the symmetry of the problem, to minimize the computational time; in addition the HAHT is simulated with an actuator disk that gave reliable results in good agreement with previous works, developed with different software, and with experimental results. The original airfoil was designed for high-lift regimes, so it already gave excellent performance in these kind of applications. For that reason, was not expected a very high increase of the power coefficient. Nevertheless the optimization process results into a power coefficient increase of 5.2%, with respect to the original airfoil.
Asator, a tau‐tubulin kinase homolog in Drosophila localizes to the mitotic spindle

We have used a yeast two‐hybrid interaction assay to identify Asator, a tau‐tubulin kinase homolog in Drosophila that interacts directly with the spindle matrix protein Megator. Using immunocytochemical labeling by an Asator‐specific mAb as well as by transgenic expression of a GFP‐labeled Asator construct, we show that Asator is localized to the cytoplasm during interphase but redistributes to the spindle region during mitosis. Determination of transcript levels using qRT‐PCR suggested that Asator is expressed throughout development but at relatively low levels. By P‐element excision, we generated a null or strong hypomorphic Asatorexc allele that resulted in complete adult lethality when homozygous, indicating that Asator is an essential gene. That the observed lethality was caused by impaired Asator function was further supported by the partial restoration of viability by transgenic expression of Asator‐GFP in the Asatorexc homozygous mutant background. The finding that Asator localizes to the spindle region during mitosis and directly can interact with Megator suggests that its kinase activity may be involved in regulating microtubule dynamics and microtubule spindle function. Developmental Dynamics 238:3248–3256, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CORPUS STRIATUM

INTRODUCTION The literature of "chronic progressive chorea," according to Good,1dates back to 1842, when Dr. C. O. Waters of Franklin, New York, described in a letter to Dr. Dunglison a peculiar form of chorea, which he said was markedly hereditary, rarely appeared before adult life, was incurable, and always induced dementia. The common people called this disease the "megrims. " Dr. George Huntington,2in an article on chorea published in 1872, gave the first good description of the disease which now bears his name; he called it "the hereditary chorea. " Huntington's father and grandfather had both practiced medicine in the eastern end of Long Island for a period conjointly covering seventy-eight years, and had been acquainted with families in which chorea had existed for generations. Huntington believed that the disease existed almost exclusively on the eastern end of Long Island, where it was confined to a few families.
Notes on CG and LM-BFGS Optimization of Logistic Regression

It has been recognized that the typical iterative scaling methods [BDD96, Ber97] used to train logistic regression classification models (maximum entropy models) are quite slow. Goodman has suggested the use of a component-wise optimization of GIS [Goo02], which he has measured to be faster on many tasks. However, in general, the iterative scaling methods pale in comparison to conjugate gradient ascent (for binary problems) and limited memory BFGS for multiclass problems [Min01, Min03, Mal02]. Unfortunately, while these methods are typically algorithmically more efficient than the iterative scaling algorithms, they are also significantly more difficult to implement (especially LM-BFGS). This paper describes one particular implementation that is known to be quite fast, and has gone through several iterations of optimization. The actual implementation can be downloaded from http://www.isi. edu/~hdaume/megam/ and may be used freely for any research purposes. The intended audience of this paper is quite technical: I assume you know what logistic regression/maximum entropy models are, I assume you know what gradients and Hessians are, etc.
Coverages and factors associated with influenza vaccination among subjects with chronic respiratory diseases in Spain.

BACKGROUND The main influenza complications particularly affect patients over the age of 65 years and those with associated chronic diseases, such as respiratory disorders. This study aims to assess vaccination coverage among Spanish children and adults with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), and to describe the factors associated with vaccination in 2003. METHODS We analysed 28,113 records of individuals (6869 children and 21,244 adults) included in the Spanish National Health Survey (NHS) for 2003. As a dependent variable, we used the reply ('yes' or 'no') to the question: 'Did you have a 'flu shot in the latest campaign? ' We calculated influenza vaccine coverage as the percentage of individuals with a respiratory disorder (asthma and/or chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema) who reported having been vaccinated against influenza in the most recent campaign. We analysed the influence of sociodemographic, health-status, medical visits and lifestyle variables on vaccination. RESULTS Vaccination coverage was 19.9% in children and 54.7% in adults suffering CRD. In both age groups, coverages were significantly higher than those observed for non-CRD sufferers. Among adults, older age, not smoking and medical visits to their physician in the preceding 2 weeks were the variables independently and significantly associated with a higher likelihood of receiving the vaccine. Among children, financial factors influence vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination coverage among children with CRDs is very low. Also among adult CRD sufferers, vaccination remains below the desired level, thereby making it necessary for strategies to be implemented aimed at improving the use of influenza vaccine.
Intussusception in Western Nigeria

birth but a narrow insertion of the conjoined tendon and a low origin of the inferior epigastric vessels allow for a wide femoral ring and a weakened transversalis fascia over it, thus predisposing towards herniation. The treatment is surgical, a truss has no place. Repair of a femoral hernia in a child and adult should comprise suture of the deficiency in transversalis fascia combined with a widening of the attachment of the conjoined tendon to Cooper's ligament.
Characterization of Protein-Protein Interaction Interfaces from a Single Species

Most proteins attain their biological functions through specific interactions with other proteins. Thus, the study of protein-protein interactions and the interfaces that mediate these interactions is of prime importance for the understanding of biological function. In particular the precise determinants of binding specificity and their contributions to binding energy within protein interfaces are not well understood. In order to better understand these determinants an appropriate description of the interaction surface is needed. Available data from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae allow us to focus on a single species and to use all the available structures, correcting for redundancy, instead of using structural representatives. This allows us to control for potentially confounding factors that may affect sequence propensities. We find a significant contribution of main-chain atoms to protein-protein interactions. These include interactions both with other main-chain and side-chain atoms on the interacting chain. We find that the type of interaction depends on both amino acid and secondary structure type involved in the contact. For example, residues in α-helices and large amino acids are the most likely to be involved in interactions through their side-chain atoms. We find an intriguing homogeneity when calculating the average solvation energy of different areas of the protein surface. Unexpectedly, homo- and hetero-complexes have quite similar results for all analyses. Our findings demonstrate that the manner in which protein-protein interactions are formed is determined by the residue type and the secondary structure found in the interface. However the homogeneity of the desolvation energy despite heterogeneity of interface properties suggests a complex relationship between interface composition and binding energy.
What Might a Person-Centred Model of Teacher Education Look Like in the 21st Century? The Transformism Model of Teacher Education

This article focuses on Big Picture thinking about 21st-century teacher education and presents a conceptual shift as the result of two decades of research and practice centred around an understanding that we live in a world troubled by a massive breakdown in relationships. Through reflection within four specific educational contexts and with the recognition of a need for the personal and social development of teachers, a person-centred model of teacher education, the transformism model, has been developed. The transformism, or evolution of teacher education, seeks to use a different mind-set, or a changed psychology, which moves away from a focus on the control of others by those who think they know what is best. Rather it is about transformative learning, achieved through reflection within a landscape of transformation. Effective teacher education, using this model embraces Gardner’s Five Minds for the Future and the embedding of Glasser’s choice theory. The conceptual shift occurs through a major change in consciousness and the concomitant development of a worldview rather than a me view.
Psychology and the teacher

This classic text, now in its fifth edition, provides a lucid and up-to-date introduction to psychology for teachers. Thoroughly revised, the text incorporates recent research and developments in psychology and education. It is accompanied by Dennis Child's Applications of Psychology for the Teacher, also published in the Cassell Education series. This fifth edition of Psychology and the Teacher considers issues of current concern, whilst retaining the basic structure of the previous edition. There is completely new material on stress, learning to learn (metacognition), information processing and intelligence, and the new procedures for identifying children with special educational needs. Revised sections include those on assessment (with reference to the current profiles and records of achievement), careers education and the National Curriculum. Other expanded topics include memory, basic subjects at primary level, the nervous system and computer-assisted instruction. References and suggestions for further reading have been updated. Psychology and the Teacher is specifically designed to meet the requirements of students on BEd and PGCE courses, and for those experienced teachers and educationalists who need to renew their acquaintance with psychology. It is an invaluable guide for all those training to teach, whatever their fields of instruction.
Tracking Students through Majors: Methodology and Applications.

The intent of this article is to describe a new computer model that tracks all the changes of majors made by a selected cohort of students and tabulates the data in such a way as to facilitate analysis. Although the model was originally intended only as a means of studying student attrition, later results have demonstrated that it has uses across a far wider variety of issues. In the background section I briefly relate the research leading up to the conceptual development of the model; this information may be of interest to readers because it presents an alternative way of thinking about student persistence. The section entitled "Methodology" is primarily concerned with describing the data base needed to support the model, the format of the model printouts, and how they are to be interpreted. The section concludes with the analysis of one department, as drawn from an actual printout. The last section illustrates some less obvious uses of the model and suggests other issues to which it could be applied.
Komplexes Problemlösen, schulfachliche Kompetenzen und ihre Relation zu Schulnoten

Die Bedeutung des komplexen Problemlosens (KPL) hat sich im padagogisch-psychologischen Kontext vielfach gezeigt und ist einer der Grunde dafur, dass KPL in Schulleistungsstudien (z. B. PISA) eine wichtige Rolle einnimmt. Bisherige Forschungsarbeiten zum Einfluss von KPL auf Schulleistungen haben jedoch schulfachliche Kompetenzen und deren Beziehung zu Schulnoten auser Acht gelassen. Diese Forschungslucke soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlossen werden, indem die Beziehung zwischen KPL und schulfachspezifischen Kompetenzen in Mathematik sowie Lesen untersucht wurde. An einer finnischen Stichprobe mit N = 1908 Schulerinnen und Schulern wurde mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen der Zusammenhang zwischen KPL, schulfachlichen Kompetenzen sowie fachspezifischen Schulnoten uberpruft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass KPL uber die schulfachlichen Kompetenzen hinaus inkrementell Varianz der Schulnoten in Mathematik und muttersprachlichem Unterricht aufklaren konnte. Dies zeigte sich deutlicher fur das mathematische.