Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vital Signs, QT Prolongation, and Newly Diagnosed Cardiovascular Disease During Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE To assess vital signs, QT intervals, and newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease during severe hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From January 2006 to March 2012, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia at a national center in Japan. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as the presence of any hypoglycemic symptoms that could not be resolved by the patients themselves in prehospital settings. RESULTS A total of 59,602 cases that visited the emergency room by ambulance were screened, and 414 cases of severe hypoglycemia were analyzed. The median (interquartile range) blood glucose levels were not significantly different between the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 88) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 326) groups (32 [24–42] vs. 31 [24–39] mg/dL, P = 0.59). During severe hypoglycemia, the incidences of severe hypertension (≥180/120 mmHg), hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L), and QT prolongation were 19.8 and 38.8% (P = 0.001), 42.4 and 36.3% (P = 0.30), and 50.0 and 59.9% (P = 0.29) in the T1DM and T2DM groups, respectively. Newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease during severe hypoglycemia and death were only observed in the T2DM group (1.5 and 1.8%, respectively). Blood glucose levels between the deceased and surviving patients in the T2DM group were significantly different (18 [14–33] vs. 31 [24–39] mg/dL, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS T1DM and T2DM patients with severe hypoglycemia experienced many critical problems that could lead to cardiovascular disease, fatal arrhythmia, and death.
Working Paper Series Congressional Budget Office Reallocation and Productivity Growth in Japan: Revisiting the Lost Decade of the 1990s

Working papers in this series are preliminary and are circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. These papers are not subject to CBO's formal review and editing processes. The analysis and conclusions expressed in them are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget Office. References in publications should be cleared with the authors. Papers in this series can be obtained at www.cbo. gov (select Publications, and then select Working and Technical Papers). Abstract Hayashi and Prescott (2002) argue that the so-called lost decade of the 1990s in Japan is explained by the slowdown in exogenous total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates. At the same time, some have suggested that Japanese banks' support for inefficient firms prolonged recession, by reducing productivity through misallocation of resources and interference with entry and exit mechanisms. Using firm-level data between 1969 and 1996, this paper investigates the micro-reallocation mechanisms to disentangle the factors behind the slowdown in productivity growth during the 1990s. The main results show that the lack of exits by the least productive firms and lack of entries by small productive firms reduced TFP growth during the 1990s. However, the paper does not find strong evidence of misallocation of resources across incumbent firms; hence, misallocation seems mostly to have taken place at the entry and exit margin. Most important, during the 1990s there was a large drop in productivity growth within firms, the component not affected by reallocation of input and output shares across firms over time. These findings suggest that, as the Japanese economy matured, a policy that fosters technological innovations via creative destruction process may have become increasingly important in promoting economic growth.
A Novel Interaction of Ecdysoneless (ECD) Protein with R2TP Complex Component RUVBL1 Is Required for the Functional Role of ECD in Cell Cycle Progression

ABSTRACT Ecdysoneless (ECD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein whose germ line deletion is embryonic lethal. Deletion of Ecd in cells causes cell cycle arrest, which is rescued by exogenous ECD, demonstrating a requirement of ECD for normal mammalian cell cycle progression. However, the exact mechanism by which ECD regulates cell cycle is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ECD protein levels and subcellular localization are invariant during cell cycle progression, suggesting a potential role of posttranslational modifications or protein-protein interactions. Since phosphorylated ECD was recently shown to interact with the PIH1D1 adaptor component of the R2TP cochaperone complex, we examined the requirement of ECD phosphorylation in cell cycle progression. Notably, phosphorylation-deficient ECD mutants that failed to bind to PIH1D1 in vitro fully retained the ability to interact with the R2TP complex and yet exhibited a reduced ability to rescue Ecd-deficient cells from cell cycle arrest. Biochemical analyses demonstrated an additional phosphorylation-independent interaction of ECD with the RUVBL1 component of the R2TP complex, and this interaction is essential for ECD's cell cycle progression function. These studies demonstrate that interaction of ECD with RUVBL1, and its CK2-mediated phosphorylation, independent of its interaction with PIH1D1, are important for its cell cycle regulatory function.
GI/M/1 Queues with Server Vacations and Dependent Interarrival and Service Times

Abstract We derive the equilibrium distribution at pre-arrival and arbitrary epochs and the waiting time distribution in a GI/M/1 queueing system with dependence between the service time of each customer and the subsequent interarrival times. In addition, the server takes exponentially distributed vacations when there are no customers left to serve in the queue.
Learning Versus Performance

The primary goal of instruction should be to facilitate long-term learning—that is, to create relatively permanent changes in comprehension, understanding, and skills of the types that will support long-term retention and transfer. During the instruction or training process, however, what we can observe and measure is performance, which is often an unreliable index of whether the relatively long-term changes that constitute learning have taken place. The time-honored distinction between learning and performance dates back decades, spurred by early animal and motor-skills research that revealed that learning can occur even when no discernible changes in performance are observed. More recently, the converse has also been shown—specifically, that improvements in performance can fail to yield significant learning—and, in fact, that certain manipulations can have opposite effects on learning and performance. We review the extant literature in the motor- and verbal-learning domains that necessitates the distinction between learning and performance. In addition, we examine research in metacognition that suggests that people often mistakenly interpret their performance during acquisition as a reliable guide to long-term learning. These and other considerations suggest that the learning–performance distinction is critical and has vast practical and theoretical implications.
A systematic study of earthquake detectability using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide-Swath data

SUMMARY The Sentinel-1 mission comprises two synthetic aperture radar satellites, each with a 12 day orbital repeat, orbiting 6 days apart within a narrow tube. The mission design promises the ability to respond quickly to earthquakes with InSAR, and to facilitate production of interferograms with good interferometric correlation globally. We report on our efforts to study global seismicity using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide-Swath data between April 2015 and December 2016. We select 35 potentially detectable terrestrial earthquakes in the range 5 . 5 ≤ M w ≤ 7 . 8 on the basis of their locations, depths and magnitudes, and process the ﬁrst post-event interferogram with the shortest possible time-span for each using the ISCE software. We evaluate each interferogram for earthquake deformation signals by visual inspection. We can identify deformation signals attributable to earthquakes in 18 of these interferograms (51%); a further six interferograms (17%) have ambiguous interferometric phase affected by tropospheric noise. 11 events (31%) could not be identiﬁed from their interferograms. The majority of these failed detections were due to interferogram decorrelation, particularly appar-ent for earthquakes that occurred between 15 ◦ N and 15 ◦ S, where climate conditions promote dense vegetation. The majority of the ambiguous interferograms are affected by tropospheric noise, suggesting that techniques to mitigate such noise could improve detection performance. The largest event we do not detect with Sentinel-1 data is a M w 7 . 0 earthquake that occurred in Vanuatu in April 2016; we also fail to detect the 2016 M w 6 . Kurayoshi earthquake in one out of two possible 24-day interferograms. We propose these as upper and lower estimates on the magnitude of completeness for earthquakes studied with Sentinel-1 data; to lower the magnitude of completeness we suggest that more frequent (e.g. six day) recurrence may be necessary in low latitude areas.
Being moved: linguistic representation and conceptual structure

This study explored the organization of the semantic field and the conceptual structure of moving experiences by investigating German-language expressions referring to the emotional state of being moved. We used present and past participles of eight psychological verbs as primes in a free word-association task, as these grammatical forms place their conceptual focus on the eliciting situation and on the felt emotional state, respectively. By applying a taxonomy of basic knowledge types and computing the Cognitive Salience Index, we identified joy and sadness as key emotional ingredients of being moved, and significant life events and art experiences as main elicitors of this emotional state. Metric multidimensional scaling analyses of the semantic field revealed that the core terms designate a cluster of emotional states characterized by low degrees of arousal and slightly positive valence, the latter due to a nearly balanced representation of positive and negative elements in the conceptual structure of being moved.
Functional generation of harmony and melody

We present FComp, a system for automatic generation of harmony and accompanying melody. Building on previous work on functional modelling of musical harmony, FComp first creates a foundational harmony by generating random (but user-guided) values of a datatype that encodes the rules of tonal harmony. Then, a melody that fits to the harmony is generated in a compositional sequence: generate all "possible" melodies, filter them to remove obvious bad choices, pick one candidate note per chord, and then embellish the resulting melodic line. At this very early stage, we aim to define a solid system as a foundation that can be used to further improve upon. We care especially about modularity, so that each individual part of the pipeline can be easily improved, and ease of adaptation, so that users can quickly adapt the generated music to their liking. The resulting system generates simple but harmonious music, and serves as a good case study on how functional programming enables quick and clean prototyping of new ideas, even in the realm of automatic music composition.
New and Notable New Rule ( r ) s for FRET

In this issue of the Biophysical Journal, Jarecki et al. (1) investigate the possibility of combining two strategies commonly used to measure distances between loci in a number of systems. The first strategy, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is a spectroscopic method based on energy transfer between two fluorescent molecules: upon transferring its excitation energy to an acceptor via a long-range dipoledipole coupling mechanism, the donor molecule returns to a ground state (2,3). Because this energy transfer can be measured and is inversely proportional to the sixth power of the distance between both fluorophores, the FRET technique lends itself to determining small interor intramolecular distances in vitro or in living cells (3). As a result, FRET has been a key technology in revealing the molecular dynamics underlying various biological phenomena (2). However, the rather large size of commonly used genetically encoded fluorophore probes, their relative orientation, and the need for flexible linkers that occupy a substantial conformational space, complicate accurate distance measurements below ~20 Å (2,3). Nonetheless, experiments to improve FRET distance estimates by incorporating transition metal-ion binding sites within proteins or employing small cysteine-reactive organic fluorophores such as bimane, have shown great promise (4). The second strategy to examine protein dynamics on a nanometer scale in-
Production of antibody against aflatoxin B1

Antibody against aflatoxin B1 was obtained after one multiple-site injection of bovine serum albumin-aflatoxin B1 conjugate into rabbits. The antibody has greatest binding efficiency for aflatoxin B1, less efficiency for B2, G1, and Q1, and least for aflatoxicol, G2, and M1. Sterigmatocystin, coumarin, and 4-hydroxycoumarin did not give a cross-reaction with the antibody. The sensitivity of the binding assay for detection of aflatoxin B1 is in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 ng per 0.5-ml sample. Detailed methods for the preparation of the conjugate, production of immune serum, and methods for antibody titer determination are described.
Ongoing Cortical Activity at Rest: Criticality, Multistability, and Ghost Attractors

The ongoing activity of the brain at rest, i.e., under no stimulation and in absence of any task, is astonishingly highly structured into spatiotemporal patterns. These spatiotemporal patterns, called resting state networks, display low-frequency characteristics (<0.1 Hz) observed typically in the BOLD-fMRI signal of human subjects. We aim here to understand the origins of resting state activity through modeling via a global spiking attractor network of the brain. This approach offers a realistic mechanistic model at the level of each single brain area based on spiking neurons and realistic AMPA, NMDA, and GABA synapses. Integrating the biologically realistic diffusion tensor imaging/diffusion spectrum imaging-based neuroanatomical connectivity into the brain model, the resultant emerging resting state functional connectivity of the brain network fits quantitatively best the experimentally observed functional connectivity in humans when the brain network operates at the edge of instability. Under these conditions, the slow fluctuating (<0.1 Hz) resting state networks emerge as structured noise fluctuations around a stable low firing activity equilibrium state in the presence of latent “ghost” multistable attractors. The multistable attractor landscape defines a functionally meaningful dynamic repertoire of the brain network that is inherently present in the neuroanatomical connectivity.
Feasibility of Increasing Childhood Outdoor Play and Decreasing Television Viewing Through a Family-Based Intervention in WIC, New York State, 2007-2008

Introduction Active Families is a program developed to increase outdoor play and decrease television viewing among preschool-aged children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Our objective was to assess its feasibility and efficacy. Methods We implemented Active Families in a large WIC clinic in New York State for 1 year. To this end, we incorporated into WIC nutrition counseling sessions a community resource guide with maps showing recreational venues. Outcome measures were children's television viewing and time playing outdoors and parents' behaviors (television viewing, physical activity), self-efficacy to influence children's behaviors, and parenting practices specific to television viewing. We used a nonpaired pretest and posttest design to evaluate the intervention, drawing on comparison data from 3 matched WIC agencies. Results Compared with the children at baseline, the children at follow-up were more likely to watch television less than 2 hours per day and play outdoors for at least 60 minutes per day. Additionally, parents reported higher self-efficacy to limit children's television viewing and were more likely to meet physical activity recommendations and watch television less than 2 hours per day. Conclusion Results suggest that it is feasible to foster increased outdoor play and reduced television viewing among WIC-enrolled children by incorporating a community resource guide into WIC nutrition counseling sessions. Future research should test the intervention with a stronger evaluation design in multiple settings, with more diverse WIC populations, and by using more objective outcome measures of child behaviors.
Structural Analysis of the Regulation of the DYNLL/LC8 Binding to Nek9 by Phosphorylation*

Background: Phosphorylation regulates binding of the mitotic kinase Nek9 to LC8, controlling signal transduction through the Nek9/Nek6/7 module. Results: Crystal structures reveal the basis for the reduced interaction of LC8 for Nek9 upon phosphorylation on Nek9(Ser944). Conclusion: The reduced binding affinity of Nek9 for LC8 is due to diminished enthalpic interactions. Significance: Disclosing phosphorylation as a novel mechanism that directly regulates LC8 protein-protein interactions. The NIMA family protein kinases Nek9/Nercc1, Nek6, and Nek7 constitute a signaling module activated in early mitosis involved in the control of spindle organization. DYNLL/LC8 (dynein light chain 8) was originally described as a component of the dynein complex, but the recent discovery of multiple interaction partners for LC8 has suggested that it has a general role as a dimerization hub that organizes different protein partners. Recent experiments suggested that LC8 binding to Nek9 was regulated by Nek9 autophosphorylation on Ser944, a residue immediately located N-terminal to the LC8 conserved (K/R)xTQT binding motif, and that this was crucial for the control of signal transduction through the Nek/Nek6/7 module. In the present work, we present two crystal structures of LC8 with a peptide corresponding to the Nek9 binding region with and without a phosphorylation on Ser944. Structural analysis of LC8 with both Nek9 peptides, together with different biophysical experiments, explains the observed diminished binding affinity of Nek9 to LC8 upon phosphorylation on Ser944 within the Nek9 sequence, thus shedding light into a novel phosphorylation regulatory mechanism that interferes with LC8 protein·protein complex formation.
INCOR: Inter-flow Network Coding based Opportunistic Routing in wireless mesh networks

Both opportunistic routing and inter-flow network coding are useful mechanisms for improving the performance of wireless networks. Both of them exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless medium and the spatial diversity of multi-hop wireless networks. In this paper, we aim at incorporating interflow network coding into opportunistic routing for further improving the performance of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). The main issue in designing such a scheme is candidate set selection and prioritization based on a proper metric for opportunistic routing. To this end, in this paper, we first present a new metric to determine the prioritization of the forwarders in the set of candidates and then design an Inter-flow Network Coding-based Opportunistic Routing (INCOR) scheme using the defined metric. Our proposed INCOR scheme can integrate the characteristics of inter-flow network coding and opportunistic routing effectively to make full use of the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. We carry out extensive simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the INCOR method. Our data shows that INCOR outperforms both opportunistic routing and inter-flow network coding schemes.
Pesticide Residues in Vegetables: Practical Interventions to Minimize the Risk of Human Exposure in Tanzania

Malpractices in the use of pesticides in vegetable production have been reported in the horticultural sector in developing countries. This can result in excessive use of pesticides and, subsequently, in unacceptable levels of pesticide residues in foods of horticultural origin. Consumption of vegetables containing unacceptable levels of pesticide residues is of public concern due to its potentially harmful effects on human health. In this work, we reviewed the current status of pesticide application, the occurrence and exposure of pesticide residues in vegetables as well as factors influencing the problem of pesticide exposure in Tanzania. The review has realized that pesticides are rarely applied to vegetables following good agricultural practices. Further, pesticide residues in vegetables are not monitored and exposure studies are limited. Studies on the influence of vegetable processing on pesticide residues at household level have been done at laboratory scale. However, the influence of these processes to the residues at the community level is unknown. The review suggests the need for broader research on the pesticide application practices to establish Review Article Kiwango et al.; CJAST, 26(1): 1-18, 2018; Article no.CJAST. 38976 2 the important practices that have significant association with the occurrence of pesticide residues in vegetables. Results from this research will allow for the allocation of resources for improvement, monitoring and control of these practices to minimize the risk of unwanted pesticide residues in vegetables. Continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in food, as well as the correlated human dietary exposure, is highly recommended in order to inform policymakers and risk managers of the status of the risk of exposure to pesticide residues.
Moment-sensitivity-based wire sizing for skew reduction in on-chip clock nets

Sensitivity-based methods for wire sizing have been shown to be effective in reducing clock skew in routed nets. However, lack of efficient sensitivity computation techniques and excessive space and time requirements often limit their utility for large clock nets. Furthermore, most skew reduction approaches work in terms of the Elmore delay model and, therefore, fail to balance the signal slopes at the clocked elements. In this paper, we extend the sensitivity-based techniques to balance the delays and signal-slopes by matching several moments instead of just the Elmore delay. As sensitivity computation is crucial to our approach, we present a new path-tracing algorithm to compute moment sensitivities for RC trees. Finally, to improve the runtime statistics of sensitivity-based methods, we also present heuristics to allow for efficient handling of large nets by reducing the size of the sensitivity matrix.
Evolutionary dynamics of Pinus taeda L. in the Late Quaternary: An interdisciplinary approach

Evolutionary Dynamics of Pinus taeda L. in the Late Quaternary: An Interdisciplinary Approach. (August 2003) Moh’d Ali Al-Rabab’ah, B.S., University of Jordan; M.S., University of Jordan Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Claire G. Williams Dr. Raghavan Srinivasan Pinus taeda L. population dynamics, migration patterns and genetic structure were investigated over geological time scale (the past 21,000 years), historical time scale (the past 500 years) and recent time scale (the past 50 years ago) using multi-source data and an interdisciplinary approach. Population genetics, microsatellite DNA markers, DNA fingerprinting techniques, fossil records, geological history, historical records, aerial photographs, soil maps, weather data, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to assess the dynamics of P. taeda populations especially for the Lost Pines (LP), a disjunct population at the westernmost edge of the species range. Pinus taeda populations east and west of the Mississippi River Valley are genetically differentiated. Eastern populations had higher allelic diversity and diagnostic alleles than western populations. Gene flow estimates are high. Allelic diversity patterns and the distribution of diagnostic alleles are attributed