Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Best antihypertensive strategies to improve blood pressure control in Latin America: position of the Latin American Society of Hypertension

&NA; Evidence from randomized trials has shown that effective treatment with blood pressure (BP)-lowering medications reduces the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension. Therefore, hypertension control and prevention of subsequent morbidity and mortality should be achievable for all patients worldwide. However, many people in Latin America remain undiagnosed, untreated or have inadequately controlled BP, even where this is access to health systems. Barriers to hypertension control in low-income countries include difficulties in transportation to health services; inappropriate opening hours; difficulties in making clinic appointments; inaccessible healthcare facilities, lack of insurance and high treatment costs. After a review of the best recent available evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of antihypertensive drugs and strategies, the Latin American Society of Hypertension experts conclude that all major classes of BP-lowering drugs be available to hypertensive patients, because all have been shown to reduce major cardiovascular outcomes compared with placebo, and have shown to be associated with a comparable risk of major cardiovascular events and mortality when compared between classes. Within each class, no evidence whatsoever is available to show that one compound is more effective than another in outcome prevention. Therefore, the selection of individual drugs may be based mainly on the capacity of Latin American governments to obtain the lowest prices of the different molecules manufactured by companies with high production quality standards.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire for Chinese adult kidney allograft recipients

OBJECTIVE To provide a disease-specific instrument for evaluating the health-related quality life of Chinese kidney allograft recipients. METHODS Cross-cultural adaptation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire (KTQ) was performed by forward translation of the original English version into Chinese, followed by back translation and evaluation of the Chinese version by health care professionals, language professionals, and the translators. RESULTS A total of 297 patients (110 women and 187 men; mean age, 43.91 ± 11.38 y; average time since transplant, 40.36 ± 32.86 mo) completed the Chinese versions of the KTQ and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and the results were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese KTQ. The Cronbach α values for all KTQ dimensions were satisfactory (physical symptoms, α = 0.876; fatigue, α = 0.896; uncertainty/fear, α = 0.686; appearance, α = 0.701; and emotions, α = 0.886) and similar to values reported for the English and Spanish versions. The correlation coefficients among the dimensions of the Chinese KTQ ranged from 0.26 to 0.69, and those between the KTQ and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical component summary and mental component summary subscales were low and moderate to high, respectively, except for the appearance dimension. A good fit of the data in the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the individual items of the translated instrument indeed evaluated the intended concepts. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of the KTQ was found to be similarly valid and reliable compared with the original version and, thus, can be used to evaluate health-related quality of life among Chinese adult kidney allograft recipients.
The Role of PDE5 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Testicular Dysfunction

The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play the predominant role in the degradation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The PDEs function in conjunction with adenylate cyclase (AC) and guanylate cyclase (GC) to regulate the amplitude and duration of intracellular signaling mechanisms (mediated via cAMP and cGMP, respectively). Detailed sequence analyses suggest that there are at least 11 different families of mammalian PDEs. Most of the PDEs families include more than one gene product (Bender & Beavo, 2006). In addition, many of these genes can be alternatively spliced in a tissue specific manner. The overall result is the production of different mRNAs and proteins with altered regulatory properties or subcellular localization. This multiplicity of PDE proteins allows organand cell typespecific expression and even a specific intracellular localization of PDEs in the vicinity of various protein effectors inducing fine-tuning of compartmentalized regulation for cAMP and cGMP (Zaccolo & Pozzan, 2002; Bender & Beavo, 2006). For example, cGMPhydrolyzing PDE5 is highly expressed in smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum penis and vascular smooth muscle cells of the lung allowing the employment of PDE5 inhibitors for the pharmaceutical management of erectile dysfunction (Lue, 2000) and pulmonary hypertension (Ghofrani et al., 2002; Ghofrani et al., 2002; Ghofrani et al., 2003; Schermuly et al., 2004; Galie et al., 2005), respectively.
A comparison of health and fitness-related variables in a small sample of children of Japanese descent on 2 continents.

OBJECTIVE To compare physical characteristics, health and fitness-related variables, and nutrient intake between children of Japanese ancestry living in the United States and Japan. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Miami, Fla, and Tsukuba, Japan. SUBJECTS Fourteen children of Japanese descent living in the United States and 14 sex- and age-matched children living in Japan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES US and Japanese resident groups were compared on physical characteristics, health and fitness-related variables, and nutrient intake using the t test for paired samples. To assess differences between groups in variables not statistically significant, effect sizes were calculated using the Cohen d test of standardized differences. RESULTS The following significant differences were found between US and Japanese resident groups, respectively: body mass index, 19.3 and 16.9, P =. 02; percentage of body fat, 22.0% and 14.3%, P =. 002; diastolic blood pressure, 65.8 and 58.9 mm Hg, P =. 01; total cholesterol, 169.8 and 138.7 mg/dL (4.39 and 3.59 mmol/L, P =.001); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 108.2 and 88.0 mg/dL (2.80 and 2.28 mmol/L, P =.01); triglycerides, 92.5 and 59.0 mg/dL (1.04 and 0.67 mmol/L, P =.02); percentage of fat intake, 26.1% and 20.3%, P =. 001; percentage of saturated fat intake, 7.9% and 6.1%, P<. 002; percentage of carbohydrate intake, 57.9% and 63.9% (P =.004); vertical jump, 28.9 and 34.4 cm, P =. 02; and flexibility, 58.2 and 42.6 cm, P =. 002. Using the Cohen d test, US residents showed a moderately greater systolic blood pressure (107.5 vs 101.9 mm Hg, P =.10) and leg strength (81.5 vs 55.8 kg, P =.11) than did Japanese residents. CONCLUSIONS A small sample (n = 14) of children of Japanese descent living in Florida showed more adverse health-related characteristics than did a comparable group of their peers living in Japan. The results are probably related to differences in their diets. It remains to be seen whether the differences in diets are related to where the children live.
Bioequivalence of a biosimilar enoxaparin sodium to Clexane® after single 100 mg subcutaneous dose: results of a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in healthy volunteers

Purpose To demonstrate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) equivalence of a biosimilar enoxaparin to the reference drug, and to assess its safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers. Patients and methods A randomized, double-blind, crossover, 2-sequence, single-dose study was conducted in healthy volunteers of both sexes. Participants were sequentially and randomly administered single subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin 100 mg manufactured by Rovi (test; Madrid, Spain) and Clexane® (enoxaparin 100 mg manufactured by Sanofi, reference) separated by a 1-week washout period. The primary PK/PD variables were maximum activity (Amax) and area under the effect curve from time 0 to the last measured activity (T) (AUEC0–T) and AUEC from time 0 to infinity (AUEC0–inf) of anti-FXa activity, and Amax and AUEC0–T of anti-FIIa activity. Secondary variables were Amax and AUEC0–T, AUEC0–inf of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and the ratio of AUEC0–T anti-FXa to anti-FIIa activity. Biosimilarity would be shown when the 95% CI of the ratio of geometric least squares means (95% CI RGLSMs) of primary PK/PD parameters fell within the standard range of bioequivalence, ie, 80%–125%. Results The study sample consisted of 46 volunteers (33 males) aged 18–44 years and with body mass index ranging from 19.0 to 31.1 kg/m2. Three subjects did not complete the study. The curves of anti-FXa, anti-FIIa and tissue factor pathway inhibitor activities corresponding to administration of the test and reference products were comparable. The 95% CI RGLSMs of Amax, AUEC0–T and AUEC0–inf for anti-FXa activity were 94.6%–105.9%, 99.8%–108.0% and 100.0%–108.6% respectively; Amax and AUEC0–T for anti-FIIa activity were 94.7%–112.6% and 90.9%–117.9% respectively. In addition, the 95% CI RGLSMs of all secondary variables fell within the range 80%–125%. The incidence and types of adverse events after administration of the test and reference drugs were similar. Conclusion The results conclusively showed that the enoxaparin manufactured by Rovi is equivalent to the reference enoxaparin in all primary and secondary PK/PD parameters, as required by the European Medicines Agency to grant marketing authorization to a biosimilar low molecular-weight heparin.
Stochastic optimization of a chain sliding mode controller for the mobile robot maneuvering

In this study we present a chain sliding mode controller for the control of a four wheeled autonomous mobile robot performing aggressive turning maneuver to 90 degrees on a slippery surface. The controller consists of a set of local sliding mode controllers and the hyperplanes of switching between them. The parameters of the sliding mode controllers and the hyperplanes are obtained using methods of multiobjective stochastic optimization applied to a model of the robot. The obtained controller is used to drive the mobile robot. The results show that the controller allowed the robot to execute the aggressive maneuver. Moreover, the turn radius obtained with the controller was twice less than the minimal turn radius admitted by the robot's geometry and the steering system.
Preventing Unemployment and Disability Benefit Receipt Among People With Mental Illness: Evidence Review and Policy Significance

Objective: We identify effective services to assist 3 groups of people with mental illnesses become or remain employed and prevent dependence on disability cash benefits: (a) individuals, including youth, who are experiencing an initial episode of psychosis; (b) employed individuals at risk of losing jobs due to mental illness; and (c) individuals who are or may become long-term clients of mental health services and are likely to apply for disability benefits. Method: We searched for articles published between 1992 and 2015 using key word terminology related to employment support services and each subgroup, and prioritized articles by study design. Results: The individual placement and support model of supported employment is more effective than traditional vocational programs in helping people with serious mental illnesses who are engaged in treatment or receiving disability benefits obtain competitive employment. Some early intervention programs effectively serve people who experience a first episode of mental illness, but more research is needed to demonstrate long-term outcomes. Less is known about the effectiveness of employment interventions in preventing unemployment and use of disability benefits among individuals at risk for job loss or long-term mental illness. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: States can fund employment supports to help prevent the need for disability benefit receipt by creatively combining federal sources, but the funding picture is imperfect. Medicaid expansion and other provisions of the Affordable Care Act may fund employment supports and assist in reducing dependence on disability benefits.
Assessment of Vegetable and Fruit Substrates as Potential Rearing Media for Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae

Abstract Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is able to consume a wide range of organic matter and is of particular interest for waste management. The nutritional value of preimaginal stages, in particular the protein content, makes this species a valid candidate for use as feed for other organisms. Vegetables and fruits are promising rearing substrates for insects produced for this purpose according to the EU regulation. In order to examine the effects of diets on insect performance and chemical composition, larvae were reared on the following substrates: 1) fruit (apple, pear, and orange); 2) vegetable (lettuce, green beans, and cabbage); and 3) mixed fruits and vegetables. High percentages of survival were observed on all diets, but there were differences among weights of larvae, pupae, and adults, with weights of larvae reared on mixed fruits and vegetables lower than on other diets. Pupae reared on the mixed diet were heaviest, and also morphometric measurements of adults were highest. Larvae reared on fruit diets had the highest fat content, comprising mostly saturated fatty acids; the highest content of essential n-3 fatty acids was found in vegetable reared larvae and that of n-6 in mixed reared larvae. Larvae reared on the mixed diet had the highest protein content. Calcium contents were high and moderate amounts of iron and zinc were found. H. illucens showed the capability to develop on vegetable and fruits diets displaying different nutrient profiles and biological performances.The best-performing rearing strategy should vary in relation to the final use of H. illucens.
Inter‐hemispheric connectivity in the fusiform gyrus supports memory consolidation for faces

This study investigated how changes of functional connectivity over time accompany consolidation of face memories. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that connectivity changes in networks initially active during face perception and face encoding would be associated with individual recognition memory performance. Resting‐state functional connectivity was examined shortly before, shortly after and about 40 min after incidental learning of faces. Memory performance was assessed in a surprise recognition test shortly after the last resting‐state session. Results reveal that memory performance‐related connectivity between the left fusiform face area and other brain areas gradually changed over the course of the experiment. Specifically, the increase in connectivity with the contralateral fusiform gyrus, the hippocampus, the amygdala and the inferior frontal gyrus correlated with recognition memory performance. As the increase in connectivity in the two final resting‐state sessions was associated with memory performance, the present results demonstrate that memory formation is not restricted to the incidental learning phase but continues and increases in the following 40 min. It is discussed that the delayed increase in inter‐hemisphere connectivity between the left and right fusiform gyrus is an indicator for memory formation and consolidation processes.
Revisiting Oxford and Paris: Large-Scale Image Retrieval Benchmarking

In this paper we address issues with image retrieval benchmarking on standard and popular Oxford 5k and Paris 6k datasets. In particular, annotation errors, the size of the dataset, and the level of challenge are addressed: new annotation for both datasets is created with an extra attention to the reliability of the ground truth. Three new protocols of varying difficulty are introduced. The protocols allow fair comparison between different methods, including those using a dataset pre-processing stage. For each dataset, 15 new challenging queries are introduced. Finally, a new set of 1M hard, semi-automatically cleaned distractors is selected. An extensive1 comparison of the state-of-the-art methods is performed on the new benchmark. Different types of methods are evaluated, ranging from local-feature-based to modern CNN based methods. The best results are achieved by taking the best of the two worlds. Most importantly, image retrieval appears far from being solved.
Investigating Elite Behavior Through Field Experiments: Do Candidates Answer More to Core or Swing Voters?

This paper explores recent advances in experimental methodology to analyze elite behavior. Using an email experiment conducted in the context of the Brazilian 2008 municipal elections, we studied whether candidates target "swing" or "core" voters during campaigns. Candidates from all parties - 1,000 candidates in all - were contacted by randomly generated citizens who identified themselves as either core or swing voters. Additionally, we randomized senders' past voting behavior and their gender. To identify the baseline answer rate, we employed a placebo treatment with no reference to the elections. Our results show that Brazilian candidates target any sender as long as she identifies herself as a potential voter. Within this general finding, models with city-specific fixed effects indicate that Brazilian politicians tend to target core voters. The paper contributes to the general experimental literature by providing an easily replicable design that can test the behavior of elite interaction with the public. At the same time, the paper extends the literature on core versus swing voters by providing an empirical test that can shed light on the effects of a specific political environment (type of election, voting rule, and party structure), and how it affects the relationship between candidates and voters during elections.
A randomized controlled trial of a videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention for Korean American women: preliminary findings

Introduction Korean women are reluctant to pursue in-person smoking cessation treatment due to stigma attached to women smokers and prefer treatment such as telephone and online smoking cessation programs that they can access secretively at home. However, there is some evidence that face-to-face interaction is the most helpful intervention component for them to quit smoking. Methods This study is a pilot clinical trial that examined the acceptability and feasibility of a videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention for Korean American women and compared its preliminary efficacy with a telephone-based intervention. Women of Korean ethnicity were recruited nationwide in the United States and randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to either a video arm or a telephone arm. Both arms received eight 30-minute weekly individualized counseling sessions of a deep cultural smoking cessation intervention and nicotine patches for 8 weeks. Participants were followed over 3 months from the quit day. Results The videoconferencing intervention was acceptable and feasible for Korean women aged <50 years, whereas it was not for older women. Self-reported abstinence was high at 67% and 48% for the video and telephone arm at 1 month post-quit, respectively. The rates declined to 33% for the video arm and 28% for the telephone arm at 3 months post-quit when salivary cotinine test was performed. Conclusion Findings support that both videoconferencing and telephone counseling can be effective, and personal preference is likely an important factor in treatment matching. The deep cultural smoking cessation intervention may account for the outcomes of telephone counseling being better than prior studies in the literature for Korean women.
Clinical and genetic predictors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment response in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM To determine the clinical and genetic predictors of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor treatment response in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. PATIENTS & METHODS DPP4, WFS1 and KCNJ11 gene polymorphisms were genotyped in a cohort study of 662 T2DM patients treated with DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin or linagliptin. Genotyping was performed by Applied Biosystems TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS Patients with triglyceride levels less than 1.7 mmol/l (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2.; 95% CI: 1.031-4.723), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.009-2.892) and KCNJ11 rs2285676 (genotype CC) (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.025-3.767) were more likely to response to DPP-4 inhibitor treatment compared with other patients, as measured by HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION Triglycerides, DBP and KCNJ11 rs2285676 are predictors of the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment response in T2DM patients.
Capillary morphogenesis protein 2 is a novel prognostic biomarker and plays oncogenic roles in glioma

Capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) was originally identified through its participation in capillary morphogenesis, and subsequently identified as the second receptor for anthrax toxin (ANTXR2). Although tumor‐associated functions of CMG2 have also been reported, the clinical significance and functional mechanism of CMG2 in glioma remain to be elucidated. We assessed the clinicopathological relevance of CMG2 in a cohort of 48 glioma patients as well as through public glioma databases, and explored the function of CMG2 using glioblastoma (GBM) models in vitro and in vivo. CMG2 overexpression was associated with increased tumor grade and poor patient survival. CMG2 promoted G2/M‐phase transition during the cell cycle of GBM cells in vitro and contributed to tumor growth in vivo. We also observed that CMG2 is implicated in the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion in GBM cells. Transcriptomic analysis of GBM cells with or without CMG2 overexpression indicated that a panel of oncogenic signaling pathways was altered with CMG2 upregulation, implying that CMG2 might orchestrate these signaling pathways to regulate the growth of GBM cells. Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity was enhanced by CMG2 overexpression but suppressed with CMG2 deficiency. Since YAP1 is critically implicated in GBM, the oncogenic roles of CMG2 in GBM cells might thus be mediated, at least partially, by YAP1. Altogether, CMG2 functioned as an oncogene in glioma cells and is a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of glioma. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.