Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure-aware shape processing

Shape structure is about the arrangement and relations between shape parts. Structure-aware shape processing goes beyond local geometry and low level processing, and analyzes and processes shapes at a high level. It focuses more on the global inter and intra semantic relations among the parts of shape rather than on their local geometry. With recent developments in easy shape acquisition, access to vast repositories of 3D models, and simple-to-use desktop fabrication possibilities, the study of structure in shapes has become a central research topic in shape analysis, editing, and modeling. A whole new line of structure-aware shape processing algorithms has emerged that base their operation on an attempt to understand such structure in shapes. The algorithms broadly consist of two key phases: an analysis phase, which extracts structural information from input data; and a (smart) processing phase, which utilizes the extracted information for exploration, editing, and synthesis of novel shapes. In this course, we will organize, summarize, and present the key concepts and methodological approaches towards efficient structure-aware shape processing. We discuss common models of structure, their implementation in terms of mathematical formalism and algorithms, and explain the key principles in the context of a number of state-of-the-art approaches. Further, we attempt to list the key open problems and challenges, both at the technical and at the conceptual level, to make it easier for new researchers to better explore and contribute to this topic. Our goal is to both give the practitioner an overview of available structure-aware shape processing techniques, as well as identify future research questions in this important, emerging, and fascinating research area.
Landscape and Surplus Value: The Making of the Ordinary in Brentwood, CA

In this paper I argue for a morphological perspective on landscape that takes seriously social intentionality and the complexity of struggles over production and reproduction. I develop an example from California's agricultural labor history to show the processes through which the landscape is constructed, Further, I show that the production of landscape is an important moment in the production of surplus value under capitalism, In turn, I use insights from social studies of science to suggest how, as the landscape becomes stabilized, its very ordinariness tends to mask the struggles that constituted its form.
Public Opinion, Responsiveness and Constraint: Britain's Three Immigration Policy Regimes

We examine the link between public opinion and policy in the UK over the past 30 years. We show that public views about immigration are responsive to changes in immigration levels and differences between migrant groups, and that policy-makers are sensitive to these changes. Policy-makers look to respond to the public mood on migration, but face growing constraints in doing so. The interaction of public opinion, policy and constraint has produced three distinct policy regimes. In the first, from 1982 to 1997, policy-makers faced few constraints, immigration was tightly controlled and the public were unconcerned about the issue. In the second, from 1997 to 2004, migration policy was selectively liberalised in response to external and interest group pressures, producing increasing inflows and growing public demands for restriction. In the third, from 2004 to the time of writing, public demand for restriction is strong but policy-makers face significant constraints in responding. In all periods, policy-makers seek to focus restriction on the migrant streams most opposed by the public, but as they have lost discretionary power over the issue they have been forced to take action against more economically valuable and socially accepted migrant streams. The growing constraints on policy-makers have therefore sharpened the trade-off between the ‘responsive’ government of meeting public demands for immigrations restriction and the ‘responsible’ government goal of providing for the needs of a flexible, globally integrated economy.
Is postoperative CA125 level in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer reliable to guess the optimality of surgery?

INTRODUCTION Cytoreductive surgery is a pivotal component of primary treatment in patients with ovarian epithelial caner (OEC) and several studies have shown better outcomes of optimal debulking. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if optimum versus suboptimal cytoreductive surgery predicts CA125 levels two weeks after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with epithelial ovarian cancer scheduled for cytoreductive surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran were enrolled in this study. Two groups of patients were to undergo optimal or suboptimal cytoreductive surgery. Optimal cytoreduction was defined as the largest volume of residual disease < 1 cm in maximal dimension. CA125 levels were measured in all patients preoperatively and at two, seven and 14 days after surgery. CA125 levels were converted to a log scale. RESULTS The distribution of staging, grading and types of tumors in each group were statistically equal but insignificant (chi square). The difference in mean of CA125 before and two weeks after surgery was statistically significant (paired t-test; p = 0.0001) but the grade, stage and type of tumors did not have any impact on CA125 regression. However, regression of CA125 two weeks after the operation did not differ statistically between the optimal and suboptimal cytoreduction groups (repeated measure ANOVA). CONCLUSION Although, postoperative CA125 decreased significantly in two weeks after tumor cytoreduction in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, its regression did not differ according to optimal or suboptimal groups.
Characteristics and professional development needs of staff working in employment services for people with a disability

Employment services for people with a disability have undergone significant changes in recent years. There is now a much wider range of employment options for this population than in the past. In addition, many sheltered workshops and adult training centres have moved away from a custodial and welfare approach, to service models that promote the independence and the job skills of people with a disability. However, the characteristics and the professional development needs of the staff in these changed settings are largely unknown. The present study examined these issues in employment services for people with a disability in a regional centre in Australia. The results of the study are discussed in terms of the ability of staff to meet the increasing vocational expectations of people with a disability and their families.
The Ability to Manipulate Behavior and to Understand Manipulation of Beliefs: A Comparison of Individuals with Autism, Mental Retardation, and Normal Development.

This study investigated the ability to deceive in participants with autism, mental retardation ( MR), and normal development. The authors used S. Hala, M. Chandler, and A. S. Fritz's (1991) procedures, in which children deceive by creating false trails or by erasing all trails and lying about the true location of a hidden object. Participants with autism and those with MR did not differ in their ability to use a deceptive method to manipulate the behavior of another person. Participants with autism were significantly less able than participants with MR to understand that they manipulated the beliefs of another person by predicting the outcome of their deceptive act. The normal group outperformed the group with autism but not the group with MR on both parts of the task. Different possible interpretations of the results are discussed, including a deficit in theory of mind and a deficit in executive control functions.
A Culturally Relevant and Responsive Approach to Screening for Perinatal Depression

Objectives: This study presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a culturally relevant and responsive approach to screening for perinatal depression in low-income, predominantly African American women. Method: The study details the development of the community-informed instrument and subsequent evaluation of its psychometric properties relative to one specific community sample (N = 139). Results: The initial validity and reliability testing of the community-informed instrument reveal a higher internal consistency than the standardized instrument alone (alpha = .87 vs. .80). Subsequent factor analysis and inter-item correlation suggest consistency between most of the community-informed and CES-D items. Conclusions: While limited in scope to the community sample, the study reflects the perceived benefit of integrating community voice to enhance culturally relevant and empirically rigorous practice.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography and its applications

The idea of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and how it's a better promise for a faster and more secure method of encryption in comparison to the current standards in the Public-Key Cryptographic algorithms of RSA is discussed in this paper. The Elliptic Curve Cryptography covers all relevant asymmetric cryptographic primitives like digital signatures and key agreement algorithms. The function used for this purpose is the scalar multiplication k.P which is the core operation of ECCs. Where k is an integer and P is a point on an elliptic curve. This article explains the role of ECC in the network security. ECC's uses with smaller keys to provide high security and high speed.
IS MORE STRUCTURE REALLY BETTER? A COMPARISON OF FRAME-OF-REFERENCE TRAINING AND DESCRIPTIVELY ANCHORED RATING SCALES TO IMPROVE INTERVIEWERS' RATING QUALITY

urich, Switzerland This study provides the first comparison of 2 methods proposed to increase the structure of selection interviews: frame-of-reference (FOR) rater training for interviewers and providing interviewers with descriptively anchored rating scales. In contrast to descriptively anchored rating scales, evidence for the efficacy of FOR training for interviewers is still missing even though its effects have been established in other domains. To evaluate the effectiveness of the 2 methods, we used a 2 × 2 design in which both methods were manipulated independently. Participants observed and rated different interviewees’ performance in a set of videotaped interviews. We found that both methods led to substantial, and comparable, improvements in both rating accuracy and interrater reliability in comparison to a control condition in which neither method was used. Furthermore, even though both methods have the same aim (i.e., enhancing the evaluation process by providing a common evaluative standard for raters), combining both methods led to further improvements in rating accuracy beyond the effects of the individual methods. Practical implications for selection interviews are discussed.
Combined Home and School Obesity Prevention Interventions for Children

This review identifies studies describing interventions delivered across both the home and school/community setting, which target obesity and weight-related nutrition and physical activity behaviors in children. Fifteen studies, published between 1998 and 2010, were included and evaluated for effectiveness, study quality, nutrition/activity content, behavior change techniques, and theoretical basis, using validated assessment tools/taxonomies. Seven studies were rated as effective. Behavior change techniques used to engage families, and techniques associated with intervention effectiveness were coded. Effective studies used about 10 behavior change techniques, compared with 6.5 in ineffective studies. Effective interventions used techniques including providing general information on behavior–health links, prompting practice of behavior, and planning for social support/social changes. Different behavior change techniques were applied in the home and school setting. The findings of this review provide novel insights into the techniques associated with intervention effectiveness that can inform the development of public health obesity prevention strategies.
Thermal Comfort and Outdoor Activity in Japanese Urban Public Places

Subjective thermal comfort and outdoor activity in a park and a square in a satellite city northeast of Tokyo were investigated through structured interviews, observations, and comprehensive micrometeorological measurements. Results showed that the park was on an average 1.1°C cooler than the square. The relatively warmer thermal conditions in the square in comparison to the park resulted in a heat load of greater intensity for humans in the square. In general, there was a low relation between the thermal environment and the use of the two places in terms of total attendance. However, the use of the park was influenced more by the thermal conditions than by the use of the square, which can mainly be attributed to the different functions of the two places. Finally, examples of the differences between the use of the sun, the attitudes toward it, and outdoor exposure in Japan and Sweden are highlighted and discussed.
Reproducibility of individual response to exposure to high altitude.

Etude chez 18 hommes travaillant au telescope de Mauna Kea (Hawai) et passant regulierement quelques jours a 4200 m d'altitude puis quelques jours au niveau de la mer. 5 sujets ne presentent jamais de troubles, les 13 autres sont atteints d'acces aigus de mal des montagnes a chaque sejour en altitude, sans qu'on puisse deceler les causes de ces differences
Cdk5 Protein Inhibition and Aβ42 Increase BACE1 Protein Level in Primary Neurons by a Post-transcriptional Mechanism

Background: β-Secretase BACE1 is elevated in Alzheimer disease (AD) during pathogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Results: Aβ42 increases BACE1 in primary neurons via a post-transcriptional mechanism and is synergized by Cdk5 inhibitors. Conclusion: Aβ42 increases neuronal BACE1 translation through a Cdk5-independent pathway. Significance: Amyloid may initiate a feed-forward mechanism of BACE1 elevation and Aβ production in AD, and Cdk5 inhibitor drugs may exacerbate this. The β-secretase enzyme BACE1 initiates production of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide that comprises plaques in Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. BACE1 levels are increased in AD, potentially accelerating Aβ generation, but the mechanisms of BACE1 elevation are not fully understood. Cdk5/p25 has been implicated in neurodegeneration and BACE1 regulation, suggesting therapeutic Cdk5 inhibition for AD. In addition, caspase 3 has been implicated in BACE1 elevation. Here, we show that the Cdk5 level and p25:p35 ratio were elevated and correlated with BACE1 level in brains of AD patients and 5XFAD transgenic mice. Mouse primary cortical neurons treated with Aβ42 oligomers had increased BACE1 level and p25:p35 ratio. Surprisingly, the Aβ42-induced BACE1 elevation was not blocked by Cdk5 inhibitors CP68130 and roscovitine, and instead the BACE1 level was increased greater than with Aβ42 treatment alone. Moreover, Cdk5 inhibitors alone elevated BACE1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner that coincided with increased caspase 3 cleavage and decreased Cdk5 level. Caspase 3 inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD failed to prevent the Aβ42-induced BACE1 increase. Further experiments suggested that the Aβ42-induced BACE1 elevation was the result of a post-transcriptional mechanism. We conclude that Aβ42 may increase the BACE1 level independently of either Cdk5 or caspase 3 and that Cdk5 inhibition for AD may cause BACE1 elevation, a potentially negative therapeutic outcome.
Equity Implications Based on the Conceptions of Science Achievement in Major Reform Documents

The construct of science achievement–what K-12 students should know and be able to do in science–is central to science education reform. This paper analyzes current conceptions of science achievement in major reform documents, and considers equity implications for science achievement and assessment in the context of standards-based and systemic reform. The paper reviews documents on science content standards (NSES and Project 2061), performance standards (New Standards), and large-scale assessment frameworks (1996 NAEP and TIMSS). Although the documents emphasize equity as the key principle, they present the assimilationist perspective by defining science and science achievement in terms of the Western science tradition with little consideration of alternative views of science and ways of knowing from diverse backgrounds. Based on the conception of equity in terms of social justice, the paper proposes the cultural anthropological perspective to develop a mare inclusive and broader view of science achievement and assessment for diverse students.
Geographies of Geborgenheit: Beyond Feelings of Safety and the Fear of Crime

This paper critically engages with the concepts of ‘feelings of safety’ and ‘fear of crime’ as they have been deployed in recent politics of community safety. While the first part of the paper discusses the staging of what is referred to as a dispositif of safety, which discursively frames subjective–spatial relations in powerful ways, the second part moves towards an understanding of lived experiences of spaces and places that unfold within, but also beyond, the dispositif of safety. For this purpose, the German concept of Geborgenheit is introduced. For a theoretical elaboration of this concept, Walter Benjamin's work around experience and temporality is referred to and articulated with Deleuzian theory. An analysis of Geborgenheit, it is argued, displaces hegemonic notions of ‘safety’ by addressing the dynamics that enable subjects to open up to and nest within a place. The paper concludes with a discussion of vignettes from a qualitative study in Berlin in order to exemplify the constitution of geographies of Geborgenheit in the context of recent safety politics.
Integrated manufacturing, empowerment, and company performance

There is controversy over whether integrated manufacturing (IM), comprising advanced manufacturing technology, just-in-time inventory control and total quality management, empowers or deskills shop floor work. Moreover, both IM and empowerment are promoted on the assumption that they enhance competitiveness. We examine these issues in a study of 80 manufacturing companies. The extent of use of IM was positively associated with empowerment (i.e., job enrichment and employee skill enhancement), but, with the minor exception of AMT, bore little relationship with subsequent company performance. In contrast, the extent of empowerment within companies predicted the subsequent level of company performance controlling for prior performance, with the effect on productivity mediating that on profit. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post-Prostatectomy Image-Guided Radiotherapy: The Invisible Target Concept

In the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) appears crucial to control dose delivery and to promote dose escalation while allowing healthy tissue sparing. The place of IGRT following radical prostatectomy is poorly described in the literature. This review aims to highlight some key points on the different IGRT techniques applicable to prostatic bed radiotherapy. Furthermore, methods used to evaluate target motion and to reduce planning target volume margins will also be explored.
Are Faces “Special” Objects? Associative and Sem antic Priming of Face and Object Recognition and Naming

Faces represent a “special” class of physically similar stimuli but it remains uncertain whether they are processed by cognitive systems that are functionally separate from those used for objects. This paper reports two experiments, which examine whether there exist qualitative differences in the semantic and associative priming of faces, “structurally similar” objects (living things), and “structurally distinct” objects (artefacts). Recognition was examined in Experiment 1 using the familiarity judgement task for faces and the object decision task for objects, and naming was examined in Experiment 2. Both experiments compared, within subjects, priming by associates (e.g. Eric Morecambe → Ernie Wise, lion → tiger and lock key) and priming by non-associates from the same semantic category (e.g. Keith Richards → Paul McCartney, bee → spider and nail-file → comb) against both “neutral” and unrelated prime conditions. Both experiments produced a remarkably similar pattern of results. For faces, there was a substantial priming effect from associates but no reliable priming from non-associates of the same semantic category. In contrast, both structurally similar and distinct objects were primed reliably by both associates and semantically (i.e. categorically) related non-associates. The results are interpreted within a model that proposes that the semantic representations of objects are inter-connected by abstracted superordinate categories, but that the representations of people (the elements of which, we propose, are specific biographical descriptive information units) are inter-connected by networks of inter-personal relatedness rather than by “categories” of celebrity.
The Influence of Student Teaching Experiences on Preservice Music Teachers’ Commitments to Teaching

This study concerned preservice students’ commitments to teaching music by comparing potential influencing factors encountered during the student teaching experience. Specific questions were as follows: (a) How committed to teaching were preservice students at the beginning of their student teaching experiences compared with at the end of their experiences? (b) What extent do certain factors influence preservice music teachers’ commitments to teaching at the beginning and at the end of their student teaching experiences? (c) What extent do certain factors influence preservice teachers from not becoming a teacher at the end and at the beginning of their student teaching experiences? (d) What extent would an opportunity to perform on a regular basis influence a preservice teachers’ decision to become a music teacher? Participants completed a pre-/postexperience survey indicating the extent that a variety of factors may influence their commitments to teaching music. Findings showed participants remained committed to teaching after their student teaching experiences and would most likely choose to teach than perform.
Crime and Unemployment: Effects across Age and Race Categories

Despite numerous studies, the nature of the unemployment-crime relationship remains controversial. The relationship should be clearer for some segments of the population than for others, but is obscured by the use of general population data. Exploring this possibility through the use of a model developed by Cantor and Land (1985), a time-series analysis is conducted to determine relationships among age- and race-specific rates of unemployment and corresponding rates of arrests for homicide, robbery, and burglary for the United States during the period 1959–1987. Negative criminal opportunity-related and positive criminal motivation-related effects are found at the aggregate level, but these vary among age groups and are more evident for white than for African American arrest rates. Further, these effects hold even when controlling for the potential influence of other variables identified in recent research as having an impact on the unemployment-crime relationship.
Threshold Multi-Secret Sharing Scheme for Cheat-Proof among Weighted Participants

A threshold multi-secret sharing scheme against cheating among weighted participants of special access right based on Chinese remainder theorem and LUC cryptosystem is introduced , it permits that multiple secrets be shared in one secret sharing session. The sub-secret of every participant can be used many times, and the secrets can be renewed without renewing the sub-secrets of the participants. Furthermore, the dealer can check whether each participant is honest.