Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partitioning of Nitrogen among Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, and Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase as Related to Biomass Productivity in Maize Seedlings.

Maize (Zea mays L. cv Golden Cross Bantam T51) seedlings were grown under full sunlight or 50% sunlight in a temperature-controlled glasshouse at the temperatures of near optimum (30/25 degrees C) and suboptimum (17/13 degrees C) with seven levels of nitrate-N (0.4 to 12 millimolars). The contents of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPD), and ribulose-1,5-P(2) carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) were immunochemically determined for each treatment with rabbit antibodies raised against the respective maize leaf proteins (anti-PEPC and anti-PPD) or spinach leaf protein (anti-RuBisCO). The content of each enzymic protein increased with increasing N and raised under reduced temperature. The positive effect of light intensity on their contents was evident only at near optimal temperature. The relative increase in PEPC and PPD content with increasing N was significantly greater than that of RuBisCO irrespective of growth conditions. These enzymic proteins comprised about 8, 6, and 35% of total soluble protein, respectively, at near optimal growth condition. In contrast to significant increase in the proportion of soluble protein allocated to PEPC and PPD seen under certain conditions, the proportion allocated to RuBisCO decreased reciprocally with an increased biomass yield by N supply.These results indicated that the levels of PEPC and PPD parallel to maize biomass more tightly than that of RuBisCO at least under near optimal growth condition.
Dislocation of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty: Rate, Contributing Factors, and Outcome

Dislocation of bipolar hemiarthroplasty of the hip is a rare complication. The objectives of our study were to assess the incidence, contributing factors, and outcomes of bipolar prosthesis dislocation. From 1974 to 2001, 1812 primary bipolar hemiarthroplasties were done at our institution. Seventy-four percent were done in patients with fractures of the femoral neck. An anterolateral surgical approach was used in 79% of hips, a posterolateral approach was used in 14% of hips, and a transtrochanteric approach was used in 7% of hips. Thirty-two hips dislocated. The cumulative probabilities of dislocation at 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, and 20 years were 1.1% (95% CI range, 0.6%-1.6%), 1.5% (95% CI range, 0.9%-2.1%), 2.1% (95% CI range, 1.2%-3.1%), and 5% (95% CI range, 1.9%-9.6%), respectively. There was no significant association of dislocation with the surgical approach or with the primary operative diagnosis. More than ½ of the dislocations occurred within 6 months postoperative. Late dislocations occurred most commonly in patients with Bateman prostheses and osteonecrosis and were associated with inner bearing dissociation. Closed reduction was successful in preventing additional surgery in only 30% of patients. The surgeon must be aware that closed reduction may be unsuccessful, and open reduction with replacement of components may be necessary.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Herpetosiphon aurantiacus gen. et sp. n., a new filamentous gliding organism

ing of Chara sp. growing in Birch Lake, Minn. They were given to one of us (JGH) to identify and were considered to be unique organisms. Since that time, other strains have been isolated from well water and cow dung in Iowa, from hot a plate of 0.3% peptonized milk (Difco) in 1.5% agar and then incubating it at room temperature in a moist chamber. Cultures were purified by repeated transfer of the leading edge of growth. A description of one species of the new genus,
Coxsackievirus B3 Infection Affects Metal-Binding/Transporting Proteins and Trace Elements in the Pancreas in Mice

Objective: The trigger of juvenile diabetes has been suggested to be an interaction between a virus and trace elements, where enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), have been discussed as potential initiators. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects in the pancreas on gene expressions of metallothionein 1 (MT1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and zinc transporter 5 (ZnT-5) and concomitant changes in iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in serum and pancreas of Balb/c mice on days 3, 6, and 9 of CVB3 infection. Methods: Trace elements were measured through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and CVB3, MT1, DMT1, and ZnT-5 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Virus was found in the pancreas on all days, with a peak on day 3. Infection tended to increase Fe in both serum and the pancreas. The Cu/Zn ratio in the pancreas increased early in the infection because of a great decrease in Zn. In serum, the Cu/Zn ratio was not increased until day 9 of the disease. In the pancreas, MT1 decreased, whereas DMT1 tended to increase on day 6, and ZnT-5 increased progressively during the course of the disease. Conclusions: Virus-induced changes in trace elements, MT1, DMT1, and ZnT-5 in the pancreas may reflect early stages of the development of pancreatitis and prestages of diabetic disease.
Keiretsu Affiliation and Equity Values in Japan

This study examines the association between keiretsu affiliation and corporate equity value in Japan. We hypothesize that, ceteris paribus, keiretsu firm value, measured as Tobin's Q, is higher than non-keiretsu firm value, reflecting the improved or active monitoring role of the keiretsu arrangement. The empirical tests are supportive after controlling for other financial and ownership variables. The results also show that keiretsu firm value is positively related to the strength of the keiretsu. This is additional evidence that the monitoring provided by the keiretsu relationship does indeed increase corporate equity value, and that the source of the increase in value is not merely a result of cross-shareholding, but inherent to the keiretsu arrangement. However, the effect of keiretsu membership and influence on market equity values has apparently diminished since 1990 (the post-market crash period in Japan).
Variation in Growth Traits and Wood Density in Whitewood (Endospermum medullosum): a Major Timber Species in Vanuatu

SUMMARY A breeding program aimed at increasing economic value of whitewood plantations in Vanuatu and conserving declining genetic resources will take direction from the results of this study. Genetic parameters for stem diameter breast height over bark (DBHOB), straightness and branching were estimated in an 11.4-year-old whitewood breeding population on Espiritu Santo Island. Wood density variation in one subpopulation was also studied. Trees with the fastest growth and best form were from Espiritu Santo. Growth and form trait heritability estimates ( = 0.10–0.16) were low to moderate, with moderate phenotypic variation (CVP = 17–36%). DBHOB at 11.4-years and 4-years were very closely genetically correlated (rA = 1.00 ± 0.17). Mean unextracted wood basic density at breast height was 330 (SD±21) kg/m3, or similar to mature-tree densities. Economic gain in growth traits can be expected from a recurrent selection and breeding program given the heritable genetic variation indicated in this study. Conserving genetic diversity in this species is a high priority.
The Wage Gap between Cooperative and Capitalist Firms: Evidence from Spain

This paper analyses the differences between the wages received by workers in cooperative and capitalist firms in Spain using a sample constructed from administrative data. This paper shows that size and the sign of the wage gap depend on economic sector, type of cooperative and the wage distribution. This approach let us explain some contradictory results obtained in previous literature. Additionally, the wage gap decomposition used let us identify the causes for this gap.
Keystones to foster inclusive knowledge societies: access to information and knowledge, freedom of expression, privacy, and ethics on a global internet

The transnational and multi-dimensional nature of Cyberspace and its growing importance presents new frontiers with unparalleled opportunities and challenges for access to information and knowledge, freedom of expression, privacy and ethics. The Internet Study being undertaken by UNESCO is seeking to provide the necessary clarity to support holistic approaches to addressing this broad range of interrelated issues as well as their short and long-term effects. The study was built on a year-long multistakeholder consultation process, which involved several rounds of consultation with member states and other actors, as well as almost 200 major responses to an online questionnaire. The Study includes the Options for future actions of UNESCO in the Internet related issues, which has served as a basis for the Outcome Document as adopted by the CONNECTing the Dots Conference on 3 and 4 March 2015. The Study also affirmed that the same rights that people have offline must be protected online, and good practices are shared between Member States and other stakeholders, in order to address security and privacy concerns on the Internet and in accordance with international human rights obligations. The Study also supports the Internet Universality principles (R.O.A.M) that promote a human rights-based approach, including freedom of expression, privacy, open Internet, accessible to all and characterized by multistakeholder participation.
Strategic Change in a Shifting Institutional Context

The study of how firms change their strategic behavior is extensive, yet little research has been performed on strategic change in a transitional context. This study seeks to broaden understanding of strategic behavior by contrasting the strategic choices of firms operating in the more-developed eastern China against firms operating in the less-developed western China. In these varying institutional settings, findings suggest that changes in a firm's strategic pattern can be described using Miles and Snow's typology. Change patterns are determined by institutional characteristics and are associated with firm capabilities. The findings also show that, even though capabilities appear to be similar, east-based firms tend to make choices that are less defensive and more risky, while west-based firms select more risk-averse options. These findings are important for the design of major change, in particular, in institutionally differentiated environments, such as those in Europe. The findings also suggest that future research on strategic change should take into account environment heterogeneity and the effect of change on firm performance.
Synchronisation of financial crises

This paper develops concordance indices for studying the simultaneous occurrence of financial crises. The indices are designed to cope with these typically low incidence events. This leads us to confine attention to non-tranquil periods to develop a bivariate index and its multivariate analog for potentially serially correlated categorical data. An application to the Bordo et al. (2001) data set reveals the extent of concordance in banking and currency crises across countries. The internationalisation of financial crises in the 20th century is shown to have increased for currency crises and decreased for banking crises.
Physicians' Labour Supply: The Wage Impact on Hours and Practice Combinations

It is a stated aim to improve physician services in underserved sectors and areas. Increased wages is one instrument for boosting the hours provided by the personnel to the prioritized sub-markets. This study applies an econometric framework that allows for non-convex budget sets, non-linear labour supply curves and imperfect markets with institutional constraints. The labour supply decision is viewed as a choice from a set of discrete alternatives (job packages) in a structural labour supply model estimated on Norwegian micro data. An out-of-sample prediction is also presented and evaluated by means of a natural experiment. Copyright 2005 CEIS, Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Undetected diabetes in Colombia

Undetected diabetes (UD) worsens prognosis, increases healthcare costs and reduces productivity in the long term. However, its determinants have not been previously explored in developing countries. In this paper, we assess the determinants of UD in Colombia. We conducted logistic regression analyses using the 2007 Colombian National Health Survey. Taking into account undetected cases (individuals with fasting glucose tests ≥ 126 mg/dL reporting no previous diabetes diagnosis), we found a diabetes prevalence of 5% in Colombia, where 1/3 are undetected cases. Undetected individuals are as likely as detected diabetics to visit a physician during the last 12 months. Despite we found no differences in prevalence between urban and rural settings, diagnoses rates were lower in the later, challenging traditional conceptions on urban diabetes and supporting the hypothesis of a supply-side issue driving undetected diabetes in Colombia. We discuss UD in Colombia using a supply-demand framework. These lessons may be extrapolated to other Latin American countries where policymakers will find them useful to improve diabetes screening activities.
Comparing Committee and Floor Preferences

We propose a statistical model which permits us to test whether congressional committees are preference outliers. Unlike previous tests, our model acknowledges that each representative's policy preferences are unique and that a comparison of committee and floor preferences must account for this heterogeneity. We apply our model to the House of Representatives over the period 1951 to 1984 and identify many more committee outliers than previous research.
[Keloids on dark skin: a consecutive series of 456 cases].

INTRODUCTION Keloids are abnormal growths of fibrous tissue often seen on dark skin. We studied their clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects in 456 consecutive cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study covering a 20-year period describes and analyzes all patients seen for keloids during that period. RESULTS The age range of 15-24 year-olds was affected most often (35.72%), and the male/female sex ratio was 0.66. Pruritus was the most frequent symptom (72.23%). The zones at high risk for keloids were: the trunk (chest and abdominal area) (39.57%) and the face (10.65%). The most frequent causes were various sorts of trauma (75%), in descending order of frequency: cutaneous infections, surgical trauma, ulcerating lesions, and burns. The existence of spontaneous keloids remains controversial. Steroid infiltration used alone or with other medication remains the first-line treatment in our study. DISCUSSION Our study confirms the high frequency of keloids in dark skin, especially females. The trunk and face are zones at high risk for keloid formation. CONCLUSION An underlying trauma must always be sought for keloids on dark skin.
Metropolitan Reconfiguration and Contemporary Zones of Transition: Conceptualizing Border Communities in Postsurburban California

ABSTRACT: In classic urban sociology, the zone of transition was an expression of the spatial logic of the industrial city, and a site of particular conflict within it. In the near-century since its introduction, metropolitan areas have been fundamentally reconfigured by processes such as suburban expansion, demographic diversification, and economic transformation. We explain how those reconfigurations have generated new zones of transition, based on a new spatial logic shaped by fundamental tensions between polarization and proximity that simultaneously push groups apart and force them together. Those tensions are concentrated in contemporary zones of transition, and most specifically in intrametropolitan border communities where competition over use is most intense and ethnic succession most active. Consequently, those communities become crucibles in which broader tensions over diversity and inequality are intensified and played out, with implications far beyond their boundaries. To illustrate our arguments, we focus on Orange County, California, which has become an exemplar of new patterns of metropolitan growth and development and a site of significant ethnic and socioeconomic diversity (notwithstanding media misrepresentations). We explain how underlying tensions and resulting unevenness generate (both geographically and occupationally) a zone of transition between relatively insulated homogeneous communities and stable multiethnic and majority–minority communities. To illustrate the concept of border communities, we focus on Costa Mesa, which has achieved national attention associated with conflicts over immigration, race, and day labor.
Cooking up Non-violent Civil-disobedient Direct Action for the Hungry: ‘Food Not Bombs’ and the Resurgence of Radical Democracy in the US

This paper examines the efforts of one of the fastest-growing (anarchist) social movement groups in the world, ‘Food Not Bombs’ (FNB), to redefine urban anti-hunger politics in the US. The aim is to understand how FNB contests the politics and processes of poor people’s containment through their efforts to develop new, decommodified modes of biopolitics. As it is central to their success, the paper focuses on how FNB uses non-violent civil-disobedient direct action to provide an alternative grassroots response to the destructive market-driven imperatives of neo-liberal capitalism. The case of FNB provides an example of the continued potential for mutual aid and cooperativism in the city and does so against the backdrop of growing injustices within an ever-globalising world. Ultimately, the paper shows that FNB offers an example of the kinds of resistance necessary to secure the most fundamentally inherent right to the city, which is the right to eat and survive in the city.
p97/VCP- and Lys48-linked polyubiquitination form a new signaling pathway in DNA damage response

RNF8/RNF168-dependent Lys63-linked polyubiquitination at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) was originally regarded as the sole ubiquitin-signaling pathway involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). However, ubiquitin-dependent p97/VCP segregase activity and RNF8-dependent Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains at DSB sites have recently been identified as components of an additional and parallel ubiquitin-signaling DDR pathway. This newly identified pathway is essential to spatiotemporal protein turnover and regulates both main branches of DSB repair, homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining. In this report, the function of the RNF8/Lys48 polyubiquitin chains/p97 pathway is discussed in the context of DSB repair and p97 chromatin-related functions.
U.S. Decline in the Context of Formal Education and In Situ Learning

A substantial literature links the level of formal education to the level or rate of growth of national income. For some observers, education as a path to development is so straightforward as to elicit the question "Why Isn't the Whole World Developed? " (Easterlin 1981). But formal education accounts for only part of the process of the acquisition and dispersion of economically relevant knowledge and skills, and ecorfomic growth is not co-extensive with economic development. In leading nations such as the contemporary United States, the working population gains a whole set of implicit or in situ advantages simply as a result of growing up, living, and working in a leading economy. These in situ advantages partially compensate for the low ranking of the United States in current international comparisons of scholastic achievement. As a result, the relative decline of great economic powers such as the United States might be slower than expected purely on the basis of their failures in the maintenance or development of explicit or formal forms of education vis-a-vis rivals. On the other hand, the evaporation of some of the "invisible" residual strengths of the U.S. human capital stock from in situ knowledge is likely to be more rapid than heretofore for several reasons, including changes in the global competitive environment and the widespread presence of foreign direct investment (FDI). The next section considers education and economic development in a social context, and is followed by an outline of U.S. failures in education. The in situ advantages likely to mitigate any U.S. economic decline as a result of its weaknesses in formal education are described in the fourth section, but in the section entitled "Current Tendencies Weakening In Situ Advantages" it is argued that these very advantages are being dissipated more rapidly than in earlier periods. A set of concluding remarks follows.
La convertibilidad de la peseta en el siglo XIX

Resumen Este artículo presenta una nueva interpretación para una cuestión central de la historia monetaria española. En España, desde el Decreto de Figuerola de 1868, el sistema monetario legal era, y continuó siendo a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX, bimetalista. Como consecuencia de tal sistema el Banco de España, al igual que el Banco de Francia, podía realizar el pago de sus billetes en plata, en oro, o en ambas monedas metálicas. Por ello, en 1883 no hubo ninguna declaración de inconvertibilidad ni el abandono de ningún supuesto patrón oro. La convertibilidad de la peseta, que no puede identificarse exclusivamente con su canje por oro, siempre estuvo asegurada por las leyes y por la jurisprudencia. En España, a diferencia de Italia, Portugal, Austria o Francia, no hubo nunca curso forzoso del billete. Abstract This paper proposes a new interpretation for a main issue of modern Spanish monetary history. The Spanish legal monetary system became bimetallist, as result of the Figuerola Decree, in 1868. The bimetallist system in force throughout the XIXth Century allowed the Bank of Spain, as the Bank of France did, pay its notes with silver, gold or both. As a result there was neither an inconvertibility declaration, nor any imaginary gold standard was abandoned in 1883. Law and legal practice always guaranteed convertibility of the peseta, that can't be identified only with gold exchange. In Spain there was never a suspension of tender notes convertibility such as in Italy, Portugal, Austria or France.
Conservatism in Accounting - Part Ii: Evidence and Research Opportunities

This paper is Part II in a two‐part series on conservatism in accounting. Part I examined alternative explanations for conservatism in accounting and their implications for accounting regulators (SEC and FASB). Part II summarizes the empirical evidence on the existence of conservatism, conservatism's increase over time, and conservatism's alternative explanations. It also discusses opportunities for future research on conservatism. The empirical literature uses a variety of conservatism measures in time‐series and cross‐sectional tests of contracting, shareholder litigation, taxation, and accounting regulation explanations for conservatism. The tests' results suggest the importance of all four explanations. Two non‐conservatism explanations—earnings management and the abandonment option—cannot individually or jointly explain the observed systematic understatement of net assets that is the hallmark of conservatism. Researchers should note that accounting's effects on managerial behavior play a central role.