Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age-appropriate services for people diagnosed with young onset dementia (YOD): a systematic review

ABSTRACT Background: Literature agrees that post-diagnostic services for people living with young onset dementia (YOD) need to be age-appropriate, but there is insufficient evidence of ‘what works’ to inform service design and delivery. Objective: To provide an evidence base of age-appropriate services and to review the perceived effectiveness of current interventions. Methods: We undertook a systematic review including all types of research relating to interventions for YOD. We searched PubMed, CINHAL Plus, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host EJS, Social Care Online and Google Scholar, hand-searched journals and carried out lateral searches (July–October 2016). Included papers were synthesised qualitatively. Primary studies were critically appraised. Results: Twenty articles (peer-reviewed [n = 10], descriptive accounts [n = 10]) discussing 195 participants (persons diagnosed with YOD [n = 94], caregivers [n = 91] and other [n = 10]) were identified for inclusion. Services enabled people with YOD to remain living at home for longer. However, service continuity was compromised by short-term project-based commissioning and ad-hoc service delivery. Conclusion: The evidence on the experience of living with YOD is not matched by research and the innovation needed to mitigate the impact of YOD. The inclusion of people with YOD and their caregivers in service design is critical when planning support in order to delay institutional care
Potential risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborn infants: a case-control study

Aims: To determine in a case-control study possible associations between the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborns and therapeutic interventions, particularly drug treatments. Methods: The study population was 172 preterm infants of <38 weeks gestation; 71 had acute renal failure and 101 were controls closely matched for gestational age and birth weight. Maternal and neonatal information was collected for both groups through questionnaires and interviews. Routine data on renal variables were also collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Very low birthweight infants were at high risk of acute renal failure (79% of cases were <1500 g). However, the acute renal failure was transient. Mothers of infants with acute renal failure received more drugs during pregnancy and delivery (mainly antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Of the possible therapeutic interventions, intubation, catheterisation, and phototherapy were mainly applied to case subjects. A low Apgar score and patent ductus arteriosus were diagnosed in a greater percentage of neonates with acute renal failure. Moreover, in the first few days of life and before diagnosis of acute renal failure, case subjects received more drugs (antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and diuretics) and for a longer time. In the multivariate logistic analysis, medullary hyperechogenicity (odds ratio (OR) 4.491; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.879 to 10.731) and ceftazidime administration (OR 5.082; 95% CI 1.493 to 17.297) were associated with a greater risk of acute renal failure. Conclusions: The results suggest the need for careful monitoring of very low birthweight infants and attention to drug treatments, as it is difficult to differentiate between normality and renal failure in the first few days of life.
Multifaceted effects of host country language proficiency in expatriate cross-cultural adjustments: a qualitative study in China

While expatriates often face language barriers in host countries, relatively little research has focused on the influence of host country language proficiency on cross-cultural adjustment. We drew on social identity theory and conducted an interview-based study with 70 expatriates and their host country national (HCN) colleagues to provide a contextual account of host country language proficiency's effects on work and non-work-related adjustment in China. Our findings suggest that expatriate host country language proficiency has multifaceted effects on expatriates' HCN interaction, social support, and network-related work and non-work adjustment.
Gender-specific differences in sibilant contrast realizations in English and German

This study examines possible differences between the acoustic realization of the intersibilant contrast /s/~/ʃ/ in German and American English. A range of acoustic parameters (COG, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and Discrete Cosine Transformation coefficients) are calculated to characterize the spectra of the two sibilants. Significant differences are found between the male and female intersibilant contrast, indicating that females produce a stronger acoustic contrast between /s/ and /ʃ/ in both languages. While in the German data set a tendency for gender-specific differences in accent realizations was found, the effect did not reach significance.
Recovery From DSM–IV Alcohol Dependence

Aims To investigate the prevalence and correlates of recovery from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) alcohol dependence by examining the past-year status of individuals who met the criteria for prior-to-past-year (PPY) dependence. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults age 18 and older (first wave of a planned longitudinal survey). Methods This analysis is based on data from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), in which data were collected in personal interviews conducted with one randomly selected adult in each sample household. A subset of the NESARC sample (total n = 43,093), consisting of 4,422 U.S. adults age 18 and older classified with PPY DSM–IV alcohol dependence, were evaluated with respect to their past-year recovery status: past-year dependence, partial remission, full remission, asymptomatic risk drinking, abstinent recovery (AR), and nonabstinent recovery (NR). Correlates of past-year status were examined in bivariate analyses and using multivariate logistic regression models. Findings Of people classified with PPY alcohol dependence, 25.0 percent were still classified as dependent in the past year; 27.3 percent were classified as being in partial remission; 11.8 percent were asymptomatic risk drinkers who demonstrated a pattern of drinking that put them at risk of relapse; 17.7 percent were low-risk drinkers; and 18.2 percent were abstainers. Only 25.5 percent of people with PPY dependence ever received treatment. Being married was associated positively with the odds of both AR and NR, and ethanol intake was negatively associated with both. Severity of dependence increased the odds of AR but decreased the odds of NR. The odds of AR (but not NR) increased with age and female gender but were decreased by the presence of a personality disorder. Treatment history modified the effects of college attendance/graduation, age at onset, and interval since onset on the odds of recovery. Conclusions There is a substantial level of recovery from alcohol dependence. Information on factors associated with recovery may be useful in targeting appropriate treatment modalities.
Wage, Tenure, and Wage Growth Variation within and across Establishments

We estimate employer-specific wage, tenure, and wage growth differentials using a unique Bureau of Labor Statistics establishment survey of full-time, white-collar workers. Employer wage and tenure differentials, conditional on worker characteristics, are substantial in these data. Education, potential experience, and tenure are highly correlated within an establishment. High-wage establishments generally employ higher quality workers, and the most skilled men and professionals typically work with the most skilled women and nonprofessionals. There is significant variation in wage growth rates across employers, and high wage growth establishments tend to have longer tenure, all else equal.
A MARKET MODEL FOR WATERMELON WITH SUPPLY UNDER RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON BANGLADESH

The aim of this paper is to know the cultural practices and market model of watermelon in Bangladesh. The paper also attempts to identify the best model that may be used for forecasting purpose. Three models namely Naive, Cobweb and Rational Expectations (RE) have been considered by using time series agricultural data for a period of 2001/02 to 2012/13. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) estimation procedures have been used for estimation purpose. Reliable parameter estimates of the Naive, Cobweb and RE model with minimum standard errors, high explanatory power have been obtained in this research. Comparing all the models the RE is the best model, because most of the signs are expected and the results are plausible.
The Principle of Increasing Risk

THE subject of this paper is the determination of the size of investment undertaken in a certain period by a given entrepreneur. He intends, for instance, to build a factory producing a certain product. He is faced with given market conditions: he knows the price of the product in question, the level of wages and of prices of raw materials, the cost of construction and the rate of interest. Besides he has some rather vague ideas as to the probable future change of prices and costs. This knowledge is the basis for the planning of investment, i.e., for the choice of the amount of capital k (measured in terms of money) to be invested and the method of production to be applied. With a given amount of capital k and a given method of production the entrepreneur is able to estimate the series of future returns (differences between revenues and effective costs) q1, q2 . q. during the prospective life of the factory. We shall call the rate e at which the series of returns must be discounted in order to obtain the amount invested k-the efficiency of investment,1 whilst by prospective profit p we denote the product k.e. Now we can assume that with given amount invested "k the entrepreneur chooses such a method of production as would maximise the efficiency of investment or what amounts to the same (k being given) the prospective profit p = ke. Thus to every value of k there corresponds a definite value of maximum prospective profit pm:
The DNA damage repair protein Ku70 interacts with FOXO4 to coordinate a conserved cellular stress response

In this study, we searched for proteins regulating the tumor suppressor and life‐span regulator FOXO4. Through an unbiased tandem‐affinity purification strategy combined with mass spectrometry, we identified the heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 (Ku), a DNA double‐strand break repair component. Using biochemical interaction studies, we found Ku70 to be necessary and sufficient for the interaction. FOXO4 mediates its tumor‐suppressive function in part through transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle arrest p27kip1 gene. Immunoblotting, luciferase reporter assays, and flow cytometry showed that Ku70 inhibited FOXO4‐mediated p27kip1 transcription and cell cycle arrest induction by >40%. In contrast, Ku70 RNAi but not control RNAi significantly increased p27kip1 transcription. In addition, in contrast to wild‐type mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, Ku70−/− ES cells showed significantly increased FOXO activity, which was rescued by Ku70 reexpression. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that Ku70 sequestered FOXO4 in the nucleus. Interestingly, the Ku70‐FOXO4 interaction stoichiometry followed a nonlinear dose‐response curve by hydrogen peroxide‐generated oxidative stress. Low levels of oxidative stress increased interaction stoichiometry up to 75%, peaking at 50 µM, after which dissociation occurred. Because the Ku70 ortholog in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans was shown to regulate life span involving C. elegans FOXO, our findings suggest a conserved critical Ku70 role for FOXO function toward coordination of a survival program, regulated by the magnitude of oxidative damage. —Brenkman, A. B. , van den Broek, N. J. F. , de Keizer, P. L. J., van Gent, D. C. , Burgering, B. M. T. The DNA damage repair protein Ku70 interacts with FOXO4 to coordinate a conserved cellular stress response. FASEB J. 24, 4271–4280 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and riboflavin and risk of Parkinson's disease: a case–control study in Japan

Increased homocysteine levels might accelerate dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) through neurotoxic effects; thus, increasing intake of B vitamins involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism might decrease the risk of PD through decreasing plasma homocysteine. However, epidemiological evidence for the association of dietary B vitamins with PD is sparse, particularly in non-Western populations. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study in Japan to examine associations between dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and riboflavin and the risk of PD. Patients with PD diagnosed using the UK PD Society Brain Bank criteria (n 249) and controls without neurodegenerative diseases (n 368) were recruited. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed at the time of study recruitment using a validated, self-administered, semi-quantitative, comprehensive diet history questionnaire. After adjustment for potential dietary and non-dietary confounding factors, intake of folate, vitamin B12 and riboflavin was not associated with the risk of PD (P for trend = 0·87, 0·70 and 0·11, respectively). However, low intake of vitamin B6 was associated with an increased risk of PD, independent of potential dietary and non-dietary confounders. Multivariate OR (95 % CI) for PD in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles of vitamin B6 were 1 (reference), 0·56 (0·33, 0·94), 0·69 (0·38, 1·25) and 0·48 (0·23, 0·99), respectively (P for trend = 0·10). In conclusion, in the present case–control study in Japan, low intake of vitamin B6, but not of folate, vitamin B12 or riboflavin, was independently associated with an increased risk of PD.
The global regulator Lrp contributes to mutualism, pathogenesis and phenotypic variation in the bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila

Xenorhabdus nematophila is a Gram‐negative bacterium that leads both pathogenic and mutualistic lifestyles. In this study, we examine the role of Lrp, the leucine‐responsive regulatory protein, in regulating both of these lifestyles. lrp mutants have attenuated virulence towards Manduca sexta insects and are defective in suppression of both cellular and humoral insect immunity. In addition, an lrp mutant is deficient in initiating colonization of and growth within mutualistic host nematodes. Furthermore, nematodes reared on lrp mutant lawns exhibit decreased overall numbers of nematode progeny. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of virulence attenuation associated with an lrp mutation in any bacterium, as well as the first report of a factor involved in both X. nematophila symbioses. Protein profiles of wild‐type and mutant cells indicate that Lrp is a global regulator of expression in X. nematophila, affecting ∼65% of 290 proteins. We show that Lrp binds to the promoter regions of genes known to be involved in basic metabolism, mutualism and pathogenesis, demonstrating that the regulation of at least some host interaction factors is likely direct. Finally, we demonstrate that Lrp influences aspects of X. nematophila phenotypic variation, a spontaneous process that occurs during prolonged growth in stationary phase.
The Impact of the New Substantive Test in European Merger Control

After a two-year review process, the European Commission adopted on 1 May 2004 a new Merger Regulation,1 replacing the old EU Merger Regulation of 1990. In addition, guidelines on the assessment of horizontal mergers were issued.2 During this review process, one of the most controversial and intensively debated issues surrounding the future regime of European merger control was the new substantive test, the so-called SIEC (“significant impediment of effective competition”) test. This paper addresses the issue of whether the new merger test has made any difference in the way the Commission evaluates the competitive effects of mergers. We approach this question by reviewing the main arguments of why the test was changed and discuss the anticipated impact. It is argued that the new test can be expected to increase both the accuracy and effectiveness of merger control in two ways: first, it may close a gap in enforcement, which may have led to underenforcement in the past; and secondly, it may add to clarity by eliminating ambiguities regarding the interpretation of the old test, which possibly led to overenforcement in some cases. The remainder of the paper looks at the evidence available to date. We review a number of cases and ask in what way—if any—the new merger regime has made a difference. In particular, we ask whether there is any evidence of the above issues of underand overenforcement. We conduct an exploratory review of recent cases notified under the new test where the Commission has identified competition concerns.3 We focus on challenged mergers for two reasons. First, the assessment in such cases tends to April 2006 European Competition Journal 9
The Impact of Capital Structure and Liquidity on Corporate Returns in Nigeria: Evidence from Manufacturing Firms

The importance of capital structure to corporate financial stability, growth and adequate returns and liquidity cannot be undermined most especially in the midst of recent global financial crises has led to urgent need to embark on this study. The paper used microdata sourced from the financial statements of 10 selected firms covering 2002-2006 to pursue its investigations. The data were arranged in a cross-sectional time series fashion. Specifically, the microdata were analyzed using OLS methodology that included log-linear least squares application to conduct its tests and analyses. We found negative and significant influence of value of long-term debt, ratios of long-term debt to total liability, and ratios of short-term debt to total liability, and ratios of short-term debt to total liability; and equity capital to total liability, on returns; and positive and significant effects of domestic liquidity rate, ratios of long-term debt to equity capital and value of short-term debt, on profitability. Overall, results showed that long-term debt values lead profits under normal OLS function, followed by ratios of long-term debt to equity; short-term debt to total liability, and long-term debt to total liability in descending order of magnitude. Under log-linear function, domestic liquidity leads returns on equity, closely followed by ratios of long-term debt to total liability, and long-term debt values ranked third. It is therefore recommended that corporate firms in Nigeria (including other African countries) should strive to always maintain a balanced proportion of long-term debts in their capital structure mix; and that both the financial system (including economic system) and the corporate enterprises should always endeavor to uphold a policy of maintaining an adequate domestic liquidity rating for there to be sustained increases in corporate growth and profitability in the years ahead.
Out-of-Sample Evidence on the Returns to Currency Trading

We document the existence of excess returns to naive currency trading strategies during the emergence of the modern foreign exchange market in the 1920s and 1930s. This era of active currency speculation constitutes a natural out-of-sample test of the performance of carry, momentum and value strategies well documented in the modern era. We find that the positive carry and momentum returns in currencies over the last thirty years are also present in this earlier period. In contrast, the returns to a simple value strategy are negative. In addition, we benchmark the rules-based carry and momentum strategies against the discretionary strategy of an informed currency trader: John Maynard Keynes. The fact that the strategies outperformed a superior trader such as Keynes underscores the outsized nature of their returns. Our findings are robust to controlling for transaction costs and, similar to today, are in part explained by the limits to arbitrage experienced by contemporary currency traders.
Functional expression of the apical Na+-dependent bile acid transporter in large but not small rat cholangiocytes.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Bile acids interact with cholangiocytes, resulting in cholangiocyte proliferation and increases in ductal bile secretion in large but not small cholangiocytes. It was proposed that for bile acids to exert these effects on cholangiocytes, a specific uptake mechanism must be present in cholangiocytes. The aim of this study was to show the expression of a bile acid transporter in cholangiocytes. METHODS Small and large cholangiocytes or intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDUs) were isolated from normal rats, and gene expression for the apical Na+-dependent bile acid transporter (ABAT) and the 14-kilodalton ileal cytosolic binding protein (IBABP) was assessed by ribonuclease-protection assays. Tissue and subcellular distribution of bile acid transporters was also studied. [14C]-Taurocholate uptake into cholangiocytes was determined. RESULTS Both ABAT and IBABP messenger RNAs were detected in large but not small cholangiocytes. By immunohistochemistry, ABAT was present in large but not small cholangiocytes. Immunofluorescence showed ABAT to be present in the apical membrane of large IBDUs. A Na+-dependent saturable uptake of taurocholate was present in large but not small cholangiocytes. CONCLUSIONS These proteins may mediate bile acid uptake from the duct lumen in large ducts, resulting in modification of canalicular bile secretion and modulation of ductal bile secretion and growth.
Linking Home to Work: Ethnic Labor Market Concentration in the San Francisco Consolidated Metropolitan Area

Different perspectives have been offered to explain ethnic labor market concentrations. In most studies, however, residential places are seldom included in the research framework. Using data from 5% Public Used Microdata Samples in 2000, this case study of the San Francisco Bay Area reveals that the robust growth of the new economy is dramatically segmenting the geography of employment and thereby the spatial division of labor in each ethnic group. Living arrangements, such as central-city residence and living in coethnic-concentrated-PUMAs, increase the chances of niche employment for most racial/ethnic groups, even after controlling for human capital and certain local context factors. However, there is a "substitution" effect between personal socioeconomic status and location factors. This study argues that living arrangements can provide a mechanism through which personal characteristics, social networking, and ethnic recourses interact with macroeconomic trends, and thus carve out local labor market experiences across the urban space.