Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cluster Merger Shock Constraints on Particle Acceleration and Nonthermal Pressure in the Intracluster Medium

X-ray observations of galaxy cluster merger shocks can be used to constrain nonthermal processes in the intracluster medium (ICM). The presence of nonthermal pressure components in the ICM, as well as the shock acceleration of particles and their escape, all affect shock jump conditions in distinct ways. Therefore, these processes can be constrained using X-ray surface brightness and temperature maps of merger shock fronts. Here we use these observations to place constraints on particle acceleration efficiency in intermediate Mach number () shocks and explore the potential to constrain the contribution of nonthermal components (e.g., cosmic rays, magnetic field, and turbulence) to ICM pressure in cluster outskirts. We model the hydrodynamic jump conditions in merger shocks discovered in the galaxy clusters A520 () and 1E 0657–56 () using a multifluid model comprising a thermal plasma, a nonthermal plasma, and a magnetic field. Based on the published X-ray spectroscopic data alone, we find that the fractional contribution of cosmic rays accelerated in these shocks is ≲10% of the shock downstream pressure. Current observations do not constrain the fractional contribution of nonthermal components to the pressure of the undisturbed shock upstream. Future X-ray observations, however, have the potential to either detect particle acceleration in these shocks through its effect on the shock dynamics, or place a lower limit on the nonthermal pressure contributions in the undisturbed ICM. We briefly discuss implications for models of particle acceleration in collisionless shocks and the estimates of galaxy cluster masses derived from X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect observations.
Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

This article covers the appropriate and ethical use of prayer including inner healing prayer, and Scripture in a Christian approach to cognitive-beh avioral therapy (CBT), Expanded CBT now includes MindfulnessBased Cognitive Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Implicit and explicit integration in therapy are briefly described, A composite clinical case example is included to illustrate how prayer and Scripture can be explicitly used in Christian CBT, Results of outcome studies on the efficacy of religiously-o riented CBT are also briefly mentioned.
Mentalization-Based Treatment for BPD

SUMMARY In this chapter, we will outline how the concept of mentalizing helps us understand some of the common problems associated with borderline personality disorder and how the theoretical understanding is translated into psychotherapeutic intervention. Mentalizing is the process by which we interpret the actions of ourselves and others in terms of underlying intentional states such as personal desires, needs, feelings, beliefs and reasons. This capacity develops within the context of attachment relationships during infancy and childhood. Borderline personality disorder is conceived of as being a disorder of mentalizing. Vulnerability to a loss in mentalizing particularly in interpersonal or stressful circumstances is a core feature of the disorder. If treatment is to be successful it must either have mentalization as its focus or at the very least stimulate development of mentalizing as an epiphenomenon. Treatment focusing on mentalizing itself is described.
Spanish Speakers Apologizing in English: A Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Study.

This paper investigates the speech act of apologizing in English between Chileans and Australians. It examines the frequency, distribution and function of apology-strategies used by both groups in a situation of having missed an important appointment with ‘a boss’. Results indicate that L2 Chileans and Australians do not differ significantly in the frequency of using some apology-strategies, nevertheless striking divergences emerged from the modification attached to them (Blum-Kulka et al. 1989). This finding may indicate that each group of speakers coined a different weight to the apology-strategies. Thus while ‘remedial work’ (Goffman 1971) in Spanish is accomplished by the use of positive politeness strategies (Brown and Levinson 1987), Australians appear not to favour them. These differences may anticipate some communication problems which may lead to ‘sociopragmatic failure’ (Thomas 1983) between both groups. Moreover the sex of the apologizer and the recipient is an important factor which determines the speaker’s performance in the act of apologizing.
Task-Technology Fit in Mobile Work: Exploring the Links between Task Attributes and Technology Characteristics

Based on reviewing the extensive research on the task-technology fit (TTF) theory, we suggest a more natural perspective which focuses on the relations between task attributes and technology characteristics, instead of human perception about the abstract concept of "fit". Our study is then aimed at identifying the characteristics of emerging mobile technologies and applications as well as the typical attributes of tasks in modern mobile business environments, and further exploring the corresponding fit between task attributes and technology characteristics. An initial framework for linking task attributes with technology characteristics is proposed based on existing literature, and a field case study with regard to mobile applications in municipal administration in Beijing, China, is presented to tentatively validate and improve the framework. This exploratory study postulates a conceptual model which reflects the pair-wise links between five types of task attributes and five dimensions of mobile technology characteristics. Drawing upon the findings, we also present our further research plan for empirically testing the task-technology fit model for mobile applications that we have formulated, using more quantitative methods.
Examining the safety of PPAR agonists – current trends and future prospects

Introduction: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ agonists, fibrates and glitazones, are effective treatments for dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively, but exhibit class-related, as well as compound-specific safety characteristics. Areas covered: This article reviews the profiles of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and dual PPAR-α/γ agonists with regard to class-related and compound-specific efficacy and adverse effects. We explore how learnings from first-generation drugs are being applied to develop safer PPAR-targeted therapies. Expert opinion: The finding that rosiglitazone may increase risk for cardiovascular events has led to regulatory guidelines requiring demonstration of cardiovascular safety in appropriate outcome trials for new type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs. The emerging data on the possibly increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone may prompt the need for post-approval safety studies for new drugs. Since PPAR-α and -γ affect key cardiometabolic risk factors (diabetic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and inflammation) in a complementary fashion, combining their benefits has emerged as a particularly attractive option. New PPAR-targeted therapies that balance the relative potency and/or activity toward PPAR-α and -γ have shown promise in retaining efficacy while reducing potential side effects.
Analyzing the Factors Influencing the Successful Design and Uptake of Interactive Systems to Support Social Networks in Urban Neighborhoods

In urban residential environments in Australia and other developed countries, Internet access is on the verge of becoming a ubiquitous utility like gas or electricity. From an urban sociology and community informatics perspective, this article discusses new emerging social formations of urban residents that are based on networked individualism and the potential of Internet-based systems to support them. It proposes that one of the main reasons for the disappearance or nonexistence of urban residential communities is a lack of appropriate opportunities and instruments to encourage and support local interaction in urban neighborhoods. The article challenges the view that a mere reappropriation of applications used to support dispersed virtual communities is adequate to meet the place and proximity-based design requirements that community networks in urban neighborhoods pose. It argues that the key factors influencing the successful design and uptake of interactive systems to support social networks in urban neighborhoods include the swarming social behavior of urban dwellers; the dynamics of their existing communicative ecology; and the serendipitous, voluntary, and place-based quality of interaction between residents on the basis of choice, like-mindedness, mutual interest and support needs. Drawing on an analysis of these factors, the conceptual design framework of a prototype system â€” the urban tribe incubator â€” is presented.
Effects of Regional Dysfunction and Late Gadolinium Enhancement on Global Right Ventricular Function and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Background— The underlying mechanisms that contribute to global right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot are incompletely understood. We therefore sought to quantify regional RV abnormalities and to determine the relationship of these to global RV function and exercise capacity. Methods and Results— Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance data from 62 consecutive patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot were analyzed (median age at follow-up 23 years [limits 9 to 67 years]). Using cardiac magnetic resonance data, 3D RV endocardial surface models were reconstructed from segmented contours, and a correspondence between end diastole and end systole was computed with a novel algorithm. Regional RV abnormalities were quantified and expressed as segmental ejection fraction, spatial extent of dyskinetic area, displacement of dyskinetic area, and score of extent of late gadolinium enhancement. Regional abnormalities of function and hyperenhancement were greatest in the RV outflow tract (RVOT). These regional RVOT abnormalities correlated with global RV ejection fraction: RVOT ejection fraction r=0.64, P<0.0001; RVOT dyskinetic area r=−0.51, P<0.0001; RVOT displacement of dyskinetic area r=−0.49, P<0.0001; and RVOT late gadolinium enhancement score r=−0.33, P=0.01. Peak oxygen consumption during exercise correlated best with RVOT ejection fraction (r=0.56, P=0.0002) compared with the remainder of the RV (r=0.35, P=0.03). The only cardiac magnetic resonance variable independently predictive of aerobic capacity was RVOT ejection fraction (P=0.02). Conclusion— A greater extent of regional abnormalities in the RVOT adversely affects global RV function and exercise capacity after tetralogy of Fallot repair. These regional measures may have important implications for patient management, including RVOT reconstruction, at the time of pulmonary valve replacement.
Professional tools and a personal touch – experiences of physical therapy of persons with migraine

Abstract Purpose: The aim was to explore the lived experience of physical therapy of persons with migraine. Method: Data were collected by conducting narrative interviews with 11 persons with migraine. Inspired by van Manen, a hermeneutic phenomenological method was used to analyse the experiences of physical therapy which these persons had. Results: Physical therapy for persons with migraine meant making an effort in terms of time and energy to improve their health by meeting a person who was utilising his or her knowledge and skill to help. Being respected and treated as an individual and having confidence in the physical therapist were highlighted aspects. The analysis revealed a main theme, “meeting a physical therapist with professional tools and a personal touch”. The main theme included four sub-themes, “investing time and energy to feel better”, “relying on the competence of the physical therapist”, “wanting to be treated and to become involved as an individual” and “being respected in a trustful relationship”. Conclusions: The therapeutic relationship with the physical therapist is important and the findings of this study can increase awareness about relational aspects of physical therapy and encourage thoughtfulness among physical therapists and other healthcare professionals interacting with persons with migraine. Implications for Rehabilitation Physical therapists use both professional tools and a personal touch in their interaction with persons with migraine and this article can increase physical therapists’ awareness and encourage thoughtfulness in their professional practice. Being respected and treated as an individual and having confidence in the physical therapist are important aspects of the therapeutic relationship and indicate a need for patient-centred care. By making the effort of spending the time and energy required, physical therapy could be a complement or an alternative to medication to ease the consequences of migraine.
Global Analysis of Heat Shock Response in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

ABSTRACT Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough belongs to a class of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and is found ubiquitously in nature. Given the importance of SRB-mediated reduction for bioremediation of metal ion contaminants, ongoing research on D. vulgaris has been in the direction of elucidating regulatory mechanisms for this organism under a variety of stress conditions. This work presents a global view of this organism's response to elevated growth temperature using whole-cell transcriptomics and proteomics tools. Transcriptional response (1.7-fold change or greater; Z ≥ 1.5) ranged from 1,135 genes at 15 min to 1,463 genes at 120 min for a temperature up-shift of 13°C from a growth temperature of 37°C for this organism and suggested both direct and indirect modes of heat sensing. Clusters of orthologous group categories that were significantly affected included posttranslational modifications; protein turnover and chaperones (up-regulated); energy production and conversion (down-regulated), nucleotide transport, metabolism (down-regulated), and translation; ribosomal structure; and biogenesis (down-regulated). Analysis of the genome sequence revealed the presence of features of both negative and positive regulation which included the CIRCE element and promoter sequences corresponding to the alternate sigma factors σ32 and σ54. While mechanisms of heat shock control for some genes appeared to coincide with those established for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, the presence of unique control schemes for several other genes was also evident. Analysis of protein expression levels using differential in-gel electrophoresis suggested good agreement with transcriptional profiles of several heat shock proteins, including DnaK (DVU0811), HtpG (DVU2643), HtrA (DVU1468), and AhpC (DVU2247). The proteomics study also suggested the possibility of posttranslational modifications in the chaperones DnaK, AhpC, GroES (DVU1977), and GroEL (DVU1976) and also several periplasmic ABC transporters.
On long time asymptotics of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation and of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system with Coulombic and Newtonian potentials

We prove that the solution of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation converges to the unique stationary solution with same mass as time tends to infinity. The same result holds in the repulsive coulombic case for the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system; the newtonian attractive case is also studied. We establish positive and negative answers to the question of existence of a stationary solution for the last problem by examining the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
Cognitive bias in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) : a novel measure of animal welfare

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Adult extragonadal germ cell tumors.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the key imaging features of primary and metastatic extragonadal germ cell tumors in adults. CONCLUSION Extragonadal germ cell tumors primarily affect men during the third and fourth decades of life. Their imaging characteristics are nonspecific, and extragonadal germ cell tumors should always be included in the differential diagnosis of a midline anterior mediastinal or retroperitoneal mass. Levels of human chorionic gonadotropin or α-fetoprotein or both may be elevated, depending on the histologic subtype.
Estrogen Supplementation to Progesterone as Luteal Phase Support in Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Abstract Meta-analyses have found conflicting results with respect to the use of progesterone or progesterone plus estrogen as luteal phase support for in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols involving gonadotropins and/or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. The aim of the present study was to perform an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of progesterone versus progesterone plus estrogen as luteal phase support. We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases (up to March 18, 2014). The search terms were (estrogen OR estradiol OR oestradiol) AND (progesterone) AND (IVF OR in vitro fertilization) AND (randomized OR prospective). We did not limit the form of estrogen and included subjects who contributed more than 1 cycle to a study. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy rate, fertilization rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate. A total of 11 articles were included in the present analysis, with variable numbers of studies assessing each outcome measure. Results of statistical analyses indicated that progesterone plus estrogen treatment was more likely to result in clinical pregnancy than progesterone alone (pooled odds ratio 1.617, 95% confidence interval 1.059–2.471; P = 0.026). No significant difference between the 2 treatment regimens was found for the other outcome measures. Progesterone plus estrogen for luteal phase support is associated with a higher clinical pregnancy rate than progesterone alone in women undergoing IVF, but other outcomes such as ongoing pregnancy rate, fertilization rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate are the same for both treatments.
Host demographic predicts ectoparasite dynamics for a colonial host during pre-hibernation mating

SUMMARY Parasite dynamics can be mediated by host behaviours such as sociality, and seasonal changes in aggregation may influence risk of parasite exposure. We used little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) captured during the autumn mating/swarming period to test the hypothesis that seasonal and demographic-based variation in sociality affect ectoparasitism. We predicted that ectoparasitism would: (1) be higher for adult females and young of the year (YOY) than adult males because of female coloniality; (2) increase for adult males throughout swarming because of increasing contact with females; (3) decrease for adult females and YOY throughout swarming because of reduced coloniality and transmission of individual ectoparasites to males; (4) be similar for male and female YOY because vertical transmission from adult females should be similar. Ectoparasitism was lowest for adult males and increased for males during swarming, but some effects of demographic were unexpected. Contrary to our prediction, ectoparasitism increased for adult females throughout swarming and YOY males also hosted fewer ectoparasites compared with adult and YOY females. Interestingly, females in the best body condition had the highest parasite loads. Our results suggest that host energetic constraints associated with future reproduction affect pre-hibernation parasite dynamics in bats.
Inferences on pathogenic fungus population structures from microsatellite data: new insights from spatial genetics approaches

Landscape genetics, which combines population genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics, has emerged recently as a new discipline that can be used to assess how landscape features or environmental variables can influence gene flow and spatial genetic variation. We applied this approach to the invasive plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, which causes black leaf streak disease of banana. Around 880 isolates were sampled within a 50 × 50 km area located in a fragmented banana production zone in Cameroon that includes several potential physical barriers to gene flow. Two clustering algorithms and a new FST‐based procedure were applied to define the number of genetic entities and their spatial domain without a priori assumptions. Two populations were clearly delineated, and the genetic discontinuity appeared sharp but asymmetric. Interestingly, no landscape features matched this genetic discontinuity, and no isolation by distance (IBD) was found within populations. Our results suggest that the genetic structure observed in this production area reflects the recent history of M. fijiensis expansion in Cameroon rather than resulting from contemporary gene flow. Finally, we discuss the influence of the suspected high effective population size for such an organism on (i) the absence of an IBD signal, (ii) the characterization of contemporary gene‐flow events through assignation methods of analysis and (iii) the evolution of the genetic discontinuity detected in this study.
Optimization of desolvation process for fabrication of lactoferrin nanoparticles using quality by design approach

Abstract The present work deals with the design and process optimization for preparation of lactoferrin nanoparticles as carrier for delivery of curcumin (CLf-NPs) using quality by design (QbD) approach. Desolvation technique was selected for preparation of Lf-NPs. The concept of QbD was followed in stepwise manner including risk analysis FMEA methodology. Plackett–Burman screening design employing eight factors and two levels was selected for screening study and custom design was selected for further analysis. Curcumin was used as model polyphenol for assessing the encapsulating efficiency of Lf-NPs.
Collaborative Agency in Youth Online and Offline Creative Production in Scratch

Few studies have focused on how youth develop agency to organize and participate in online unstructured creative collaborations. This paper describes and analyzes how youth programmers organized collaborative groups in response to a programming “Collab Challenge” in the Scratch Online Community and in an accompanying workshop with high school students. The analyses focused on modalities of online collaborations, determined the breadth of online participation, and examined local teens’ awareness of the online community. The discussion addresses youth’s collaborative agency in these new networked contexts, studies the role that online social awareness plays in completing tasks, and makes recommendations for the support of online programming communities.
Disease Modifying Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease Targeting Aβ Oligomers: Implications for Therapeutic Mechanisms

Several lines of evidence indicate that amyloid β (Aβ), particularly Aβ oligomers (AβOs), plays a causative role in Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of an anti-AβO antibody to clarify the toxic action of AβOs remain elusive. Here, we showed that the anti-AβO antibody (monoclonal 72D9) can modify the Aβ aggregation pathway. We also found that 72D9 directly sequesters both extracellular and intraneuronal AβOs in a nontoxic state. Thus, therapeutic intervention targeting AβOs is a promising strategy for neuronal protection in Alzheimer's disease.