Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jewish High Society in Old Regime Berlin

During the quarter century between 1780 and 1806, Berlin's courtly and intellectual elites gathered in the homes of a few Jewish women such as Rahel Varnhagen and Henrietta Herz to discuss the events of the day, creating both a new cultural institution and an example of social mixing unprecedented in the German past. In this book, Deborah Hertz offers the first detailed history of these salons, interweaving rich narrative with analytic social history to explain why such an institution arose and what it meant to those involved.
Recall and Consumer Consideration Sets: Influencing Choice without Altering Brand Evaluations

This article focuses on memory-based choice situations where changes in a brand's accessibility may affect the probability that it is retrieved and considered for choice. In such instances, factors other than evaluation may affect which brands are brought to mind at purchase. Two experiments are described that manipulate the determinants of brand accessibility and measure consequent effects on retrieval, consideration, choice, and evaluation. Results provide evidence for the influence of memory during the brand-choice process. For a brand to be selected in memory-based choice, the consumer must recall that brand and fail to recall other brands that might otherwise be preferred. Copyright 1990 by the University of Chicago.
A Strategy of Node Membership Verification for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

The sensors in a DMSNs are often used for forming logical groups within the network for performing collaborative tasks which need to ensure that sensors participating in the groups are legitimate and securely introduced in the group. This paper is built upon the unique integration of several cryptographic techniques. Based on the one-way accumulator, an efficient mechanism of node membership verification is proposed to handle joining of nodes in the groups in the network. Based on µ TESLA and bloom filter, an efficient mechanism is proposed to handle leaving of nodes in the groups in the network. This strategy does not require each node to maintain a membership list, does not require communication between the base station and verifying node, and it can efficiently handles dynamic membership events (node leaves and joins).
No place like home: competition, dispersal and complex adaptation

In many groups of organisms the location of settling is determined by competition, and fitter individuals tend to settle closer to their natal territory than less fit ones. In this work we study the implications of this phenomenon to the problem of adaptation and speciation on a rugged adaptive landscape. One consequence of fitness‐associated dispersal (FAD) is that individuals with high fitness are more likely to experience inbreeding, especially with other fit individuals. Another consequence is that when dispersal is costly, the less fit individuals are more likely to pay the cost. When a rare and advantageous allelic combination appears, FAD may increase its chances to spread in the population. In a two‐locus two‐alleles model with negative epistasis, we find that FAD significantly shortens the waiting time for an adaptive peak shift in comparison with random dispersal.
Enabling accurate photodiode detection of multiple optical traps by spatial filtering

Dual and multiple beam optical tweezers allow for advanced trapping geometries beyond single traps, however, these increased manipulation capabilities, usually complicate the detection of position and force. The accuracy of position and force measurements is often compromised by crosstalk between the detected signals, this crosstalk leading to a systematic error on the measured forces and distances. In dual-beam optical trapping setups, the two traps are typically orthogonal polarized and crosstalk can be minimized by inserting polarization optics in front of the detector, however, this method is not perfect because of the de-polarization of the trapping beam introduced by the required high numerical aperture optics. Moreover, the restriction to two orthogonal polarisation states limits the number of detectable traps to two. Here, we present an easy-to-implement simple method to efficiently eliminate cross-talk in dual beam setups.1 The technique is based on spatial filtering and is highly compatible with standard back-focal-plane photodiode based detection. The reported method significantly improves the accuracy of force-distance measurements, e.g., of single molecules, hence providing much more scientific value for the experimental efforts. Furthermore, it opens the possibility for fast and simultaneous photodiode based detection of multiple holographically generated optical traps.
Postnatal Corticosteroids for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lung Disease in the Preterm Newborn

Despite significant progress in the treatment of preterm neonates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be a major cause of neonatal morbidity. Affected infants suffered from long-term pulmonary and nonpulmonary sequel. The pulmonary sequels include reactive airway disease and asthma during childhood and adolescence. Nonpulmonary sequels include poor coordination and muscle tone, difficulty in walking, vision and hearing problems, delayed cognitive development, and poor academic achievement. As inflammation seems to be a primary mediator of injury in pathogenesis of BPD, role of steroids as antiinflammatory agent has been extensively studied and proven to be efficacious in management. However, evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding other glucocorticoid doses and preparations. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effects of steroid. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate these studies in order to elucidate the beneficial and harmful effects of steroid on the prevention and treatment of BPD.
Daily deliberative dissonance acting among police officers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the relationships of daily deliberative dissonance acting (DDA) with daily strain and daily work engagement. DDA refers to the deliberate acting of emotions to achieve one’s work goals. The authors hypothesized that daily DDA would be positively related to strain through feelings of emotional dissonance. In addition, the authors predicted that DDA would be positively related to daily work engagement via job accomplishment. Design/methodology/approach –The authors applied a five-day quantitative diary design with two measurement occasions per day using a sample of 54 police officers (i.e. 270 measurement occasions). In the multilevel analyses, the authors controlled for previous levels of the dependent variables in order to analyse change. Findings – Multilevel analyses revealed that police officers deliberatively engaged in emotional labor with both detrimental and beneficial consequences, as assessed via their daily reports of strain and work engagement. Practical implications – The results suggest that acting emotions is not inherently harmful, but may also be beneficial for job accomplishment, which fosters work engagement. The training of police officers and possibly other service employees should include the topic of DDA as a form of emotional labor and its consequences for psychological well-being. Social implications – Police officers who accomplish their job tasks by acting the appropriate emotions may not only experience strain, but may also become more engaged in their work. Originality/value – The present study showed that police officers engage in deliberate dissonance acting. The authors showed how this emotion regulation technique is related to strain and engagement – on a daily basis.
Remedying Hyperopia: The Effects of Self-Control Regret on Consumer Behavior

The self-control literature is premised on the notion of myopia (shortsightedness or present-biased preferences) and assumes that choosing vices generates regret. An alternative perspective suggests that consumers often suffer from a reverse self-control problem—namely, excessive farsightedness and overcontrol, or “hyperopia. ” This research examines whether consumers can foresee the detrimental long-term consequences of hyperopia. Five studies demonstrate that anticipating long-term regret relaxes self-control and motivates consumers to counteract their righteousness. Consumers are more likely to select indulgences and luxuries when they judge the longer-term regrets of others, anticipate their own regret in the distant future, and reflect on their regret regarding an actual decision made in the more distant past. The article concludes with two field experiments that examine the effect of anticipatory regret on real consumer purchases at a shopping mall and during Thanksgiving. These experiments demonstrate that anticipating long-term regret leads consumers to buy pleasurable products rather than practical necessities and to spend more on shopping. The implications for marketers and consumers are discussed.
INVESTIGATING THE STABILITY OF CO-OFFENDING AND CO-OFFENDERS AMONG A SAMPLE OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS*

Scholars have long argued that delinquency is a group phenomenon. Even so, minimal research exists on the nature, structure, and process of co-offending. This investigation focuses on a particular void, namely the stability of 1) co-offending and 2) co-offender selection over time, for which divergent theoretical expectations currently exist that bear on issues central to general and developmental/life-course theories of crime. By relying on individual-level, longitudinal data for a sample of juvenile offenders from Philadelphia, we find that distinct trajectories of co-offending exist over the course of the juvenile criminal career. This inquiry also develops an individualized measure of co-offender stability, which reveals that delinquents generally tend not to “reuse” co-offenders, although frequent offenders show a greater propensity to do so. The discussion considers the theoretical and policy implications of these findings as well as provides some avenues for future research.
Characterizations and applications of M-fuzzifying matroids

In this paper, our aim is to present properties and characterizations of M-fuzzifying matroids. Firstly, we study some properties of M-fuzzifying rank functions. Then we introduce the concepts of M-fuzzy families of dependent sets and M-fuzzifying closure operators by which we can characterize M-fuzzifying matroids. Finally we give applications of fuzzifying matroids in combinatorial optimization.
A Review of Dynamic Holographic Three-Dimensional Display: Algorithms, Devices, and Systems

Dynamic holographic three-dimensional (3-D) display, which features reconstructing 3-D images with full depth cues has great potential in various fields such as medical, and military industries obtained a broad attention in the last decades. Combing parallel computation techniques, hologram synthesis algorithms are capable of calculating diffraction and interference pattern dynamically or even in real-time manner. In addition, the development of various types of optical modulators including liquid crystal (LC)-based, opto-acoustic-typed, digital micromirror devices (DMDs), and opto-opto materials made it possible that device can load and display such holographic patterns dynamically. In accordance with the progress of algorithms and modulators, we can expect that dynamic holographic 3-D display will be able to reconstruct 3-D images with real-time refresh rate, full color, wide viewing angle, and large image size, and the system will be commercialized in a near future.
Risk , Variety and Volatility : Firm Growth Rates and Stock Prices During Early Industry Evolution

The paper studies the patterns of volatility in firm-specific growth rates and stock prices during the early phase of the life-cycle of an old economy industry, the US automobile industry from 1900-1930, and a new economy industry, the US PC industry from 1974-2000. Strikingly similar patterns of volatility are discovered in the early phases of the two industries. The comparison sheds light on the coevolution of industrial and financial volatility and the relationship between this coevolution and mechanisms of Schumpetarian creative destruction. Results also provide insight into the debate on whether firm growth rates follow a random walk (e.g. Gibrat’s Law).
Patients' experiences of forensic psychotherapy

In forensic psychotherapy there may be competing goals and agendas, influenced respectively by concerns about mental health and well-being, risk reduction and psychodynamically-significant change. There has, to date, been no published study of the goals and concerns of forensic patients undergoing therapy. Semi-structured interviews with ten patients considered by their therapists as having gained from forensic psychotherapy were analysed thematically. Results indicate the importance to patients of trust and acceptance in the therapeutic relationship, and changes in the domains of perception of self and interpersonal functioning as well as changes in problematic behaviours. These findings have implications for the choice of measures in systematic outcome research.
The Paraprofessional Role of Connector

This article presents paraeducators' perceptions of the role they play in connecting the school to its community. Forty-nine paraeducators employed in various educational settings participated in focus-group interviews. Paraeducators reported close relationships with students and their parents that provided the basis for the paraprofessionals to act as connectors between parents and teachers, parents and community services, students and teachers, students and their parents, and students and their peers. The participants shared how they provided connections between the student and curriculum by using specific strategies aimed at helping students learn. The study uncovered the barriers that hamper the paraprofessional role as a connector.
The construction of US financial power

Abstract Critical work in international political economy (IPE) has sought to theorise US financial power through the concept of structural power, intended as a means to go beyond state-centric conceptions of political power and to trace the state’s interaction with socio-economic forces. But due to the tendency to ontologise the distinction between state and market, IPE has not been fully successful in articulating the linkages between structural power and state power. The article then examines literature in the field of cultural political economy (CPE), which emphasises the constitutive importance of the cultural norms and practices situated at the level of everyday life. The CPE literature fails to challenge established IPE accounts in some key respects, and the article relates this to its conception of political power. The article develops an institution-based perspective that is more suitable to theorising the linkages between structural power and state power, and then proceeds to develop an interpretation of the construction of American financial power over the course of the 20th century. It reinterprets some of the key moments in the history of US and global finance and re-examines notions of American financial decline.
The Role of Testosterone in Cyclosporine‐Induced Osteopenia

Our laboratory has demonstrated that the immunosuppressants Cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), in vivo in the rat, produce a high‐turnover osteopenia. CsA is known to decrease serum testosterone (Test) levels both in the rat and in human transplant patients. Less is known of FK506's effect on androgens. CsA‐induced hypogonadism may contribute to the aforementioned bone loss because hypogonadism itself is a risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture. The aim of this study was to assess serum androgen levels following CsA and FK506 therapy and to see whether Test replacement therapy, in the form of 28‐day controlled release subcutaneous pellet implants, could prevent CsA‐induced osteopenia. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, four groups of 6‐month‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats received the following: (A) CsA vehicle and placebo pellet, (B) Test 15 mg pellet and CsA vehicle, (C) CsA 10 mg/kg and placebo pellet, (D) Test 15 mg pellet and CsA 10 mg/kg. In experiment II, two groups of rats received (E) FK506 vehicle and (F) FK506 4 mg/kg. CsA, FK506, and vehicles were given for 28 days by daily oral gavage. The rats were weighed and bled on days 0, 14, and 28. All rats received double fluorescent labeling, and on day 28 the tibiae were removed for histomorphometry. Whole blood was assayed for CsA and FK506 levels. Serum was assayed for total and free Test as well as for osteocalcin (BGP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and calcium. Whole blood monoclonal CsA levels measured by fluorescent immunoassay were in the therapeutic range, while a drug concentration profile showed good absorption of FK506. Those rats receiving Test and FK506 lost weight, while those receiving CsA remained constant. BUN was only marginally elevated in the CsA‐treated groups on day 28 (p < 0.05), while creatinine was unchanged. On day 28, total and free Test was significantly reduced in the CsA‐treated rats versus control (p < 0.05), while Test replacement therapy maintained total Test levels above vehicle (p < 0.01) and free Test levels similar to vehicle on day 28. FK506 did not lower total or free Test levels. BGP levels were significantly increased in the CsA (p < 0.01) and FK506 (p < 0.001) groups on day 28. BGP in the groups receiving Test alone and in combination with CsA remained similar to vehicle. Histomorphometry confirmed CsA‐ and FK506‐induced high‐turnover osteopenia. The Test alone group marginally increased bone formation. Test replacement failed to prevent the CsA‐induced bone loss. In conclusion, immunosuppressive doses of CsA, but not FK506, lowers serum total and free Test. Hypoandrogenemia does not seem to be a major factor in CsA‐induced osteopenia because bone loss occurs despite Test replacement.
Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION11[C][W][OPEN]

Long-day up-regulation of GA biosynthesis in the wheat apices is required in combination with the meristem identity gene VRN1 for normal spike development. The activation of the meristem identity gene VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) is a critical regulatory point in wheat (Triticum spp.) flowering. In photoperiod-sensitive wheat varieties, VRN1 is expressed only under long days (LDs), but mutants carrying deletions in a regulatory element in its promoter show VRN1 transcription and early spike development under short days (SDs). However, complete spike development is delayed until plants are transferred to LDs, indicating the existence of an additional regulatory mechanism dependent on LDs. We show here that exogenous gibberellin (GA) application accelerates spike development under SDs, but only in wheat lines expressing VRN1. The simultaneous presence of GA and VRN1 results in the up-regulation of the floral meristem identity genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-1 and LEAFY, whereas inhibition of GA biosynthesis with paclobutrazol precludes the LD induction of these two genes. The inductive role of GA on wheat flowering is further supported by the up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes in the apices of plants transferred from SDs to LDs and in photoperiod-insensitive and transgenic wheat plants with increased FLOWERING LOCUS T transcription under SDs. The up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes was not observed in the leaves of the same genetic stocks. Based on these observations, we propose a model in which FLOWERING LOCUS T is up-regulated in the leaves under LDs and is then transported to the shoot apical meristem, where it simultaneously induces the expression of VRN1 and GA biosynthetic genes, which are both required for the up-regulation of the early floral meristem genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-1 and LEAFY and the timely development of the wheat spike.
Self-Help Skills for People With Autism: A Systematic Teaching Approach  Visual Supports for People With Autism: A Guide for Parents and Professionals

Self-Help Skills for People With Autism: A Systematic Teaching Approach Anderson SR, Jablonski AL, Thomeer ML, Knapp VM. Bethesda, MD 20817, Woodbine House, Inc, 2007, paperback, 187 pp, illus, ISBN: 978-1-890627-41-6, $21.95. Visual Supports for People With Autism: A Guide for Parents and Professionals Cohen MJ, Sloan DL. Bethesda, MD 20817, Woodbine House, Inc, 2007, paperback, 186 pp, illus, ISBN: 978-1-890627-47-8, $21.95. Self-Help Skills for People With Autism and Visual Supports for People With Autism are just 2 of the books on autism published by Woodbine House. The books were written by different teams of authors who are either behavior analysts or psychologists. The books complement each other so well that they could be published as a single book. They are intended to be used as a guide by parents, paraprofessionals, and professionals who deal with individuals who have an autism spectrum disorder. The first book, Self-Help Skills for People With Autism , is designed to be used by parents; however, it also is appropriate for physical therapists and occupational therapists. School personnel also should read the book, so that they know how to reinforce the self-help skills learned at home or through therapeutic intervention. The authors’ intent is to teach parents how to select an age-appropriate …
Perceptual grouping and selective attention

The visual system has to segregate objects relevant for behavior from other objects and the background. Important cues for this segregation are Gestalt criteria, and most theories propose that these are applied in parallel across the visual field. However, recent studies have shown that grouping on the basis of colinearity and connectedness can be a serial and timeconsuming process. In the present study we investigate the difference between conditions that permit parallel contour grouping and conditions that require serial processing. We show that the detection of local colinearity is parallel process, but that the combination of local groupings into a globally coherent representation invokes a serial process.
The effects of dining atmospherics on behavioral intentions through quality perception

Purpose – This study aims to identify how the perception of atmospherics in an ethnic restaurant setting influences customers' perceptions of service quality and food quality, as well as the extent to which perceptions of quality mediate the relationship between perception of atmospherics and customer behavioral intentions.Design/methodology/approach – This study conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediating effects of quality perception, and also performed multiple regression analyses to identify the influences of specific environmental factors on quality perception and behavioral intentions.Findings – Perceived quality regarding services and foods had a partially mediating effect. Further, the indirect effect of perceived atmospherics on behavioral intentions through perceived quality was greater than the direct effect.Research limitations/implications – This study emphasized the important role of atmospherics on quality perception to induce favorable behavioral intentions, suggesti.
Wife Occupational Superiority and Marital Troubles: An Examination of the Hypothesis.

Implicit in much theoretical literature on marital relations in dual-career families is the hypothesis that marital stress and dissatisfaction would be attendant if working wives were to be higher in occupational prestige than their husbands. Two sources qf" the hypothesis are reviewed: sociological functionalism and recent economic analyses of marital status. The empirical merit of the hypothesis is examined with NORC General Social Survey data. No support is found for the hypothesis. Reasons for the persistence of this theoretical assumption, in the absence of empirical support, are discussed.