Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fishery Induces Sperm Depletion and Reduction in Male Reproductive Potential for Crab Species under Male-Biased Harvest Strategy

Sperm depletion in males can occur when polygynous species are intensively exploited under a male-biased management strategy. In fisheries involving crabs species, the effects of this type of management on the reproductive potential is far from being understood. This study tests whether male-biased management of the principal Chilean crab fishery is able to affect the potential capacity of Metacarcinus edwardsii males to transfer sperm to females. Five localities in southern Chile, recording contrasting crab fishery landing, were selected to assess the potential of sperm depletion triggered by fishery. Seasonally, male crabs from each locality were obtained. Dry weight and histological condition of vasa deferentia and the Vaso-Somatic Index (VSI) were determined in order to use them as proxies for sperm depletion and male reproductive condition. A manipulative experiment was performed in the laboratory to estimate vasa deferentia weight and VSI from just-mated males in order to obtain a reference point for the potential effects of the fishery on sperm reserves. Sperm storage capacity is significantly affected by fisheries; during the mating season vasa deferentia from localities with low fishery intensity were heavier than those from high intensity fisheries, and these differences were even more evident in large males. Histological section showed that this disparity in vasa deferentia weight was explained principally by differences in the quantity of spermatophores rather than other seminal material. VSI was always higher in males from localities with low fishery intensity. Males from localities with high fishery intensity showed little capacity to recover sperm reserves and the VSI of these males remained below the values of the just-mated males. Detriment in the capacity of males to transfer sperm is the first step to sperm limitation in an exploited population, thus detection of sperm depletion can be an alert to introduce changes in the current management of crabs.
A Systematic Comparison of Data Selection Criteria for SMT Domain Adaptation

Data selection has shown significant improvements in effective use of training data by extracting sentences from large general-domain corpora to adapt statistical machine translation (SMT) systems to in-domain data. This paper performs an in-depth analysis of three different sentence selection techniques. The first one is cosine tf-idf, which comes from the realm of information retrieval (IR). The second is perplexity-based approach, which can be found in the field of language modeling. These two data selection techniques applied to SMT have been already presented in the literature. However, edit distance for this task is proposed in this paper for the first time. After investigating the individual model, a combination of all three techniques is proposed at both corpus level and model level. Comparative experiments are conducted on Hong Kong law Chinese-English corpus and the results indicate the following: (i) the constraint degree of similarity measuring is not monotonically related to domain-specific translation quality; (ii) the individual selection models fail to perform effectively and robustly; but (iii) bilingual resources and combination methods are helpful to balance out-of-vocabulary (OOV) and irrelevant data; (iv) finally, our method achieves the goal to consistently boost the overall translation performance that can ensure optimal quality of a real-life SMT system.
Modeling cohesion change in group psychotherapy: the influence of group leader behaviors and client characteristics

Cohesion, the sense of belonging individuals feel toward groups they are a part of, is a well-documented predictor of group psychotherapy outcomes. Meta-analyses reveal a reliable association between cohesion and reductions in psychological distress (r = .25; Burlingame, McClendon, & Alonso, 2011a) as well as between cohesion and task performance (r =.17; Gully, Devine, & Whitney, 2012). Despite this, few studies have attempted to carefully examine predictors of cohesion during the life of a psychotherapy group. Given contradictory findings on the trajectory of cohesion across time (e.g. Kivlighan & Lilly, 1997; Taube-Schiff et al., 2007; Tschuschke & Dies, 1994), as well recent evidence that differences between therapists predict the growth of cohesion (e.g. Bakali, Wilberg, Hagtvet, & Lorentzen, 2010), the present investigation sought to model changes in cohesion by analyzing early leader interventions while accounting for clientand group-level characteristics. For the present investigation, 128 volunteer clients and 14 group therapists participated in 23 separate time-limited psychotherapy groups. Client characteristics (attachment style, self-esteem, and psychological distress), therapist characteristics (counseling self-efficacy), first-session therapist behaviors (structuring, verbal interaction, and emotional facilitation), and group characteristics (number of members, member attendance) were used to predict changes in cohesion across time. For the methodology, a Latent Growth Curve (LGC) Analysis under a Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) framework was used; with client ratings serving as indicators of the outcome variable (cohesion), level 1 representing the effects of time, level 2 representing client characteristics, and level 3 representing group characteristics (including leader behaviors and self-efficacy). Results indicated that a piecewise linear-quadratic model best fit the data, with group membership explaining between 3-20% of the variability in cohesion change. Significant individual level
Defining and Achieving Student Success at Non-Elite Schools

ABSTRACT Ensuring student success has become an increasingly loud conversation for business schools. Unfortunately, most of the solutions offered within the literature tend to be proffered by those at elite institutions, and their advice unconsciously reflects that worldview. However, the vast majority of us do not work at elite institutions, even those residing in the, by definition, limited and prestigious universe of Assocation to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB)-accredited schools. Subsequently, the elites’ problems do not match our non-elite realities and, even worse, often push our issues into the background. This article seeks to explore three student success concerns that are more relevant, yet typically undiscussed, to those of us at non-elite AACSB-accredited institutions. These are the ways we collect and use data, an overemphasis on process without a firm outcomes perspective, and the increased emphasis on efficiency-based measures of performance. By identifying and exploring these themes, this article seeks to help reframe and broaden the conversation to include non-elite institutional issues about how best to ensure student success.
Quality of Life of Elderly People in Institutional and Non- Institutional Setting: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study -

"Introduction: Ageing of the population along with changes in the family structure and shifts in intergenerational relations has brought into focus issues pertaining to health status across all domains, which in turn reflect the quality of life of elderly in India. This study was carried out with an objective to assess and compare the quality of life among elderly, residing in old age homes and in the community. Methodology: This study was carried out in the field practice area of PESIMSR, Kuppam, during June and November 2013. A total of 112 elderly were included in the study. Quality of life was assessed in four domains using WHO QOL (BREF) and the data was analyzed using SPSS software ver19. Results: Overall quality of life was low in both the groups. However, in the physical domain, institutional elderly had higher QOL (50.47 vs 47.18) and in the social domain, non institutional elderly had higher QOL (47.63 vs 33.60). Overall, 21.42% rated their QOL as good and 24.1% rated their health as satisfied. Socio-demographic variables were significantly related to QOL in social domain. Conclusion: Quality of life depends on multiple dimensions of well being which needs comprehensive assessment and multidimensional approach to improve. "
No . 01-07 IQ , Academic Performance , Environment and Earnings

This paper explores the effects of peers, friends, family, IQ and academic performance, observed in the last year of high school, on earnings at ages 35 and 53. All significantly affect earnings at both ages. The effects of IQ are much smaller than asserted in, for example, The Bell Curve, and badly overstated in the absence of controls for family, wider context or academic performance. Aspirations appear to be very important. Socialization and role models may be as well, but not ability spillovers. Feasible increases in academic performance and education can compensate for the effects of many cognitive and contextual deficits. J.E. L. Classifications J31, D13
Going Native: Can Consumers Recognize Native Advertising? Does it Matter?

Native advertising, which matches the look and feel of unpaid news and editorials, has exploded online. The Federal Trade Commission has long required advertising to be clearly and conspicuously labeled, and it recently reiterated that these requirements apply to native advertising. We explore whether respondents can distinguish native advertising and “regular” ads from unpaid content, using 16 native ads, 5 “regular” ads, and 8 examples of news/editorial content, drawn from multiple sources and platforms. Overall, only 37% of respondents thought that the tested examples of native advertising were paid content, compared to 81% for “regular” advertising, with substantial variation by platform, advertiser, and labeling. Modest labeling changes materially increased the number of respondents that correctly recognized that native ads are paid content – but even these improved results fell well short of those for “regular” advertising. We also explored labeling preferences and self-reported concern about native advertising. Our findings indicate that native advertising involves a significant risk of deception which self-regulation has not addressed.
A survey on topological games and their applications in analysis

Abstract. In this survey article we shall summarise some of the recent progress that has occurred in the study of topological games as well as their applications to abstract analysis. The topics given here do not necessarily represent the most important problems from the area of topological games, but rather, they represent a selection of problems that are of interest to the authors.
Ratio Bias and Policy Preferences: How Equivalency Framing of Numbers Can Affect Attitudes

Numbers permeate modern political communication. While current scholarship on framing effects has focused on the persuasive effects of words and arguments, this article shows that framing of numbers can also substantially affect policy preferences. Such effects are caused by ratio bias, which is a general tendency to focus on numerators and pay insufficient attention to denominators in ratios. Using a population-based survey experiment, I demonstrate how differently framed but logically equivalent representations of the exact same numerical value can have large effects on citizens' preferences regarding salient political issues such as education and taxes. Furthermore, the effects of numerical framing are found across most groups of the population, largely regardless of their political predisposition and their general ability to understand and use numerical information. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of framing effects and the role played by numbers in public opinion formation.
World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision

Since 1988 the Population Division of the United Nations has been issuing every two years revised and updated estimates and projections of the urban and rural populations of all countries in the world and of their major urban agglomerations. Each revision of the urban, rural and city projections is consistent with the most recent revision of the estimates and projections of the total population, also prepared biennially by the Population Division. The previous set of urban, rural and city population projections was entitled World Urbanization Prospects: The 1999 Revision, which was consistent with the 1998 Revision of World Population Prospects. This report presents the results of the 2001 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects which, albeit based on urban and city population data available through 2001, are consistent with the size of the total population of each country as estimated or projected in the 2000 Revision of World Population Prospects (United Nations, 2001a, 2001b and 2002).
Maitake Pro4X has anti‐cancer activity and prevents oncogenesis in BALBc mice

The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immune tolerance induced by the tumoral microenvironment is fundamental to prevent cancer development or to treat cancer patients using immunotherapy. Actually, there are investigations about “addressed‐drugs” against cancer cells without affecting normal cells. It could be ideal to find selective and specific compounds that only recognize and destroy tumor cells without damaging the host normal cells. For thousands of years, mushrooms have been used for medicinal purposes because of their curative properties. D‐Fraction, an extract of Maitake (from the edible Grifola frondosa mushroom), rich in β‐glucans, exert notable effects in the immune system. Until now, some published articles suggest that Maitake D‐Fraction could have anti‐tumoral activity, prevent oncogenesis and metastasis in some tumor types. However, there are no clear data about Maitake D‐Fraction action on breast cancer prevention and its exact molecular mechanisms are not yet elucidated. The experiments were performed employing 25 female BALBc mice that were treated with and without Maitake D‐Fraction Pro4X or Maitake Standard for 15 days by daily intraperitoneal injection. After treatment period, all mice were implanted with murine tumor cells LM3 to induce mammary tumorigenesis. Animals were checked weekly and killed after 46 days of LM3 transplant; percentage of cancer prevention, rate of tumor growing, and overall survival were determined. Under dissection, the internal organs were evaluated histologically and genetically by RT‐PCR. We found that 5 mg/kg per day of Maitake D‐Fraction Pro4X, administered dairy during 15 days to BALBc mice was able to block more than 60% breast cancer development. However, Maitake Standard prevents oncogenesis in 26% to respect control. In this work, we found that Maitake D‐Fraction Pro4X, administered to BALBc mice, prevents breast carcinogenesis, block tumor invasiveness, reduce angiogenesis, and increase overall survival.
Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Observations of new particle formation in enhanced UV irradiance Observations of new particle formation in enhanced UV irradiance zones near cumulus clouds zones near cumulus clouds

During the CARRIBA (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation and tuRbulence in the trade wInd regime over BArbados) campaign, the interaction between aerosol particles and cloud microphysical properties was investigated in detail, which also includes the inﬂuence of clouds on the aerosol formation. During two intensive campaigns in 2010 and 2011, helicopter-borne measurement ﬂights were performed to investigate the thermodynamic, turbulent, microphysical, and radiative properties of trade-wind cumuli over Barbados. During these ﬂights, 91 cases with increased aerosol particle number concentrations near clouds were detected. The majority of these cases are also correlated with enhanced irradiance in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral wavelength range. This enhancement reaches values up to a factor of 3.3 greater compared to background values. Thus,
Policing policies in cities dependent on tourism

Tourism has long been recognised as a crime generator, with resorts acting as honeypots for offenders. Much of the research on tourism and crime has suggested that many tourist resorts suffer higher than average crime rates and that tourists are disproportionately victimised, but also that tourists often cause crime and disorder problems. This poses a dilemma for areas seeking to expand their tourism industry and in many resort areas the police have worked in local partnerships to alleviate the problems. However, there is surprisingly little hard data available for resort areas to allow policy-makers to develop and evaluate appropriate responses. Using the author’s experiences as external advisor to a recent European initiative, this article considers the contribution of the police on two levels: first, as providers of robust data on the relationship between tourism and crime; and second, in how they might respond to the problems identified by developing effective policies and assessing their effectiveness.
Olfactory deficits in mice overexpressing human wildtype α‐synuclein

Accumulation of α‐synuclein in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system is a hallmark of sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and mutations that increase α‐synuclein levels cause familial PD. Transgenic mice overexpressing α‐synuclein under the Thy1 promoter (Thy1‐aSyn) have high levels of α‐synuclein expression throughout the brain but no loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons up to 8 months, suggesting that they may be useful to model pre‐clinical stages of PD. Olfactory dysfunction often precedes the onset of the cardinal motor symptoms of PD by several years and includes deficits in odor detection, discrimination and identification. In the present study, we measured olfactory function in 3‐ and 9‐month‐old male Thy1‐aSyn mice with a buried pellet test based on latency to find an exposed or hidden odorant, a block test based on exposure to self and non‐self odors, and a habituation/dishabituation test based on exposure to non‐social odors. In a separate group of mice, α‐synuclein immunoreactivity was assessed in the olfactory bulb. Compared with wildtype littermates, Thy1‐aSyn mice could still detect and habituate to odors but showed olfactory impairments in aspects of all three testing paradigms. Thy1‐aSyn mice also displayed proteinase K‐resistant α‐synuclein inclusions throughout the olfactory bulb. These data indicate that overexpression of α‐synuclein is sufficient to cause olfactory deficits in mice similar to that observed in patients with PD. Furthermore, the buried pellet and block tests provided sufficient power for the detection of a 50% drug effect, indicating their usefulness for testing novel neuroprotective therapies.
Exercise training increases protein O‐GlcNAcylation in rat skeletal muscle

Protein O‐GlcNAcylation has emerged as an important intracellular signaling system with both physiological and pathophysiological functions, but the role of protein O‐GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle remains elusive. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that protein O‐GlcNAcylation is a dynamic signaling system in skeletal muscle in exercise and disease. Immunoblotting showed different protein O‐GlcNAcylation pattern in the prototypical slow twitch soleus muscle compared to fast twitch EDL from rats, with greater O‐GlcNAcylation level in soleus associated with higher expression of the modulating enzymes O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O‐GlcNAcase (OGA), and glutamine fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase isoforms 1 and 2 (GFAT1, GFAT2). Six weeks of exercise training by treadmill running, but not an acute exercise bout, increased protein O‐GlcNAcylation in rat soleus and EDL. There was a striking increase in O‐GlcNAcylation of cytoplasmic proteins ~50 kDa in size that judged from mass spectrometry analysis could represent O‐GlcNAcylation of one or more key metabolic enzymes. This suggests that cytoplasmic O‐GlcNAc signaling is part of the training response. In contrast to exercise training, postinfarction heart failure (HF) in rats and humans did not affect skeletal muscle O‐GlcNAcylation level, indicating that aberrant O‐GlcNAcylation cannot explain the skeletal muscle dysfunction in HF. Human skeletal muscle displayed extensive protein O‐GlcNAcylation that by large mirrored the fiber‐type‐related O‐GlcNAcylation pattern in rats, suggesting O‐GlcNAcylation as an important signaling system also in human skeletal muscle.
Prevalence of orofacial clefts in Korean live births

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial clefts and identify the characteristics of other birth defects associated with orofacial clefts in Korea. Methods This study used data from the Congenital Anomaly Survey conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. The survey was conducted on birth defects documented during 2005 to 2006 in 2,348 medical institutes in Korea. This study was performed using data from medical insurance claims of the National Health Insurance Corporation. The prevalence of orofacial clefts was defined as the number of cases per 10,000 live births. Results Among the 883,184 live births, 25,335 infants had birth defects, which included 980 infants with orofacial clefts. The prevalence of total orofacial clefts in the total live births was 11.09 per 10,000, accounting for 3.9% of all birth defects. The most common orofacial cleft was cleft palate only (n=492), followed by cleft lip only (n=245) and cleft lip with cleft palate (n=243), with prevalence rates of 5.57, 2.77, 2.75 per 10,000 live births, respectively. While malformations of the circulatory system; digestive system; eyes, ears, face, and neck; and musculoskeletal system were most frequently encountered among infants with a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate, anomalies of most organ systems were notably observed among infants with cleft palate only. Conclusion The prevalence of orofacial clefts in Korea was similar or slightly lower than that of other countries. This study informs present status of orofacial clefts and gives baseline data to lay the foundation stone for Korea's registry system of orofacial clefts.
Ju l 2 01 0 Analytic Description of DGP Perturbations on All Scales

We develop analytic solutions for the linear evolution of metric perturbations in the DGP braneworld modified gravity scenario including near-horizon and superhorizon modes where solutions in the bulk are required. These solutions apply to both the self-accelerating and normal branch and elucidate the nature of coordinate singularities and initial data in the bulk as well as their effect on perturbation evolution on the brane. Even on superhorizon scales, the evolution of metric perturbations is no longer necessarily scale free due to multiple resonances in the bulk. Based on these analytic solutions, we devise convenient fitting functions for the evolution that bridge the various spatial and temporal regimes. Compared with a direct numerical integration of the bulk equations, the fits are accurate at the percent level and are sufficient for current and upcoming observational tests.