Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role Overload Appraisal and Coping: A Case Study of Female Health Care Workers

Role overload is an important form of role stress that can overwhelm individuals and has been linked to a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms of stress. Research on role overload has, however, been fragmented and there has been little attempt to develop the associated theory. Inconsistent results linking role overload and perceived stress and a growing interest in positive and negative outcomes from stressful encounters suggest a different approach is warranted to examine how and why stress should arise from mismatching role expectations and how and why it might vary. This exploratory case study applies qualitative methodology to examine the relationship between role overload and perceived stress. Using stress, appraisal and coping theory (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) as a guiding lens, this study seeks to model the process and the contextual conditions that contribute to variable stress reactions to role overload at work and at home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty female health care workers from four hospitals in a major city. The interviews explored the nature of two contrasting role overload experiences recalled by these individuals. The findings from this research suggest that whilst the role overload appraisal and coping process maps closely to the cognitive stress model of Lazarus and Folkman (1984), important areas of difference also exist. The differences include situation properties that are specific and unique to role overload; an internal role pressure that plays an important part in the perception of role overload; modified interpretations of challenge and threat appraisals; a focus on demand reduction versus demand management coping strategies; coping strategies specific to role overload; and four distinct types of role overload episodes. The case study concludes with the development of a framework of the role overload appraisal and coping process. The framework includes a taxonomy of role overload situation properties and a typology of role overload coping strategies, Finally, the study identified factors that distinguish overwhelming from not-overwhelming episodes of role overload, as well as the factors that distinguish the role overload episodes described by individuals with high levels of stress from those described by people with low stress levels.
Making Informed Decisions with Provenance and Argumentation Schemes

Intelligence analysis is the process of reasoning about information in order to produce hypothetical explanations for a situation. In this process, it is fundamental to assess how, when, and where this information has been elaborated. A model of provenance can capture this contextual information. Provenance data inevitably affects the identification of plausible conclusions, thus, it must be introduced in the reasoning process. In this paper, we propose a model of argument schemes that allows software agents to explore provenance for improving the information assessment. Argument schemes present the essential elements of provenance that warrant the credibility of the information. Schemes are also used to establish preferences between pieces of information according to different provenance criteria, such as timeliness and reliability. The introduction of schemes about provenance facilitates the decision-making process by providing a rational method to assess the credibility of a piece of information and to resolve conflicting information.
Effect of Pt on agglomeration and Ge out diffusion in Ni(Pt) germanosilicide

The effect of Pt alloy in Ni(Pt∼5 and 10 at. %) on the agglomeration and Ge out diffusion in nickel germanosilicide formed on Si0.75Ge0. 25(100) has been studied. A remarkable improvement in the agglomeration behavior with increasing Pt atomic percentage is observed by sheet resistance measurements while still maintaining Ni(Pt) monogermanosilicide phase between 400 and 800 °C. Ge out diffusion from the monogermanosilicide grains has been suppressed up to a temperature of 700 °C with the addition of Pt, evident by x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In addition, that improvement of surface morphology and suppression of Ge out diffusion with increasing Pt atomic percent is also confirmed by Rutherford backscattering and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The improved morphology and agglomeration are explained by a grain-boundary model which includes kinetic effects. The suppression of Ge out diffusion from the germanosilicide grains is attributed to reduced atomic diffusion and th.
Common genital complaints in women: the contribution of psychosocial and infectious factors in a population-based cohort study in Goa, India.

BACKGROUND The genital complaint of abnormal vaginal discharge is common in South Asia. We describe the risk factors for the incidence of the complaint in women of reproductive age. Method Population-based cohort study in Goa, India. Out of 3000 randomly selected women, 2494 women participated. The outcome was an incident case of the complaint of abnormal vaginal discharge at 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2) review. RESULTS In total 71 (3.6%, 95% CI 2.8-4.5%) of the 2000 eligible women reviewed at T1 reported the complaint; and 80 (4.0%, CI 3.2-5.0%) of the 1999 women who did not complain of abnormal vaginal discharge at T1 reported it at T2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following factors as associated with the complaint: younger age (OR 0.26, CI 0.1-0.5 for women aged 40-49 years compared with women aged 18-24 years); illiteracy (OR 1.48, CI 0.9-2.4); religion (Muslim women OR 3.15, CI 1.7-6.0 compared with Hindu women); women's concerns regarding their spouse's extramarital relationships (OR 3.46, CI 1.2-10.0); current BV infection (OR 1.87, CI 1.2-2.9); somatoform complaints (OR 3.30, CI 1.7-6.5 for the highest somatoform score quartile compared with the lowest); and depression and anxiety (OR 1.55, CI 0.9-2.6 for the highest mental health score quartile compared with the lowest). CONCLUSIONS Reproductive and sexual health programmes must strengthen the capacity of practitioners to assess and treat bacterial vaginosis and psychosocial problems in women with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge.
Is Wikipedia Biased

This study empirically examines whether Wikipedia has a neutral point of view. It develops a method for measuring the slant of 28 thousand articles about US politics. In its earliest years, Wikipedia's political entries lean Democrat on average. The slant diminishes during Wikipedia's decade of experience. This change does not arise primarily from revision of existing articles. Most articles arrive with a slant, and most articles change only mildly from their initial slant. The overall slant changes due to the entry of articles with opposite slants, leading toward neutrality for many topics, not necessarily within specific articles.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in super obese Göttingen minipigs.

BACKGROUND The specific mechanisms behind weight loss and comorbidity improvements in obese patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish and evaluate the feasibility of a long-term survival RYGBP model in super obese Göttingen minipigs in order to improve the translational potential relative to current animal models. METHODS Eleven Göttingen minipigs with diet-induced obesity underwent laparoscopic RYGBP and were followed up to 9 months after surgery. Intra- and post-operative complications, body weight (BW), food intake and necropsy data were recorded. RESULTS Five minipigs survived without complications to the end of the study. Four minipigs developed surgical related complications and were euthanized while two minipigs died due to central venous catheter related complications. BW and food intake is reported for the six minipigs surviving longer than 4.5 months post-surgery. Weight loss and reduced food intake was seen in all minipigs. After 2-3 months of weight loss, weight regain was evident in all but two minipigs which seemed to continue losing weight. Necropsy revealed some variation in the length of the alimentary, biliary and common limb between minipigs. CONCLUSION The use of obese Göttingen minipigs as a translational RYGBP model is feasible and has potential for the study of RYGBP-related changes in gut function, type-2 diabetes and appetite regulation. Still, the surgical procedure is technically highly demanding in obese Göttingen minipigs and the peri-operative animal care and follow up requires close monitoring.
Sustainable consumption: green consumer behaviour when purchasing products

The 'attitude-behaviour gap' or 'values-action gap' is where 30% of consumers report that they are very concerned about environmental issues but they are struggling to translate this into purchases. For example, the market share for ethical foods remains at 5 per cent of sales. This paper investigates the purchasing process for green consumers in relation to consumer technology products in the UK. Data were collected from 81 self-declared green consumers through in depth interviews on recent purchases of technology products. A green consumer purchasing model and success criteria for closing the gap between green consumers' values and their behaviour are developed. The paper concludes that incentives and single issue labels (like the current energy rating label) would help consumers concentrate their limited efforts. More fundamentally, 'being green' needs time and space in people's lives that is not available in increasingly busy lifestyles. Implications for policy and business are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Proper Motions of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope Imaging. IV. Measurement for Sculptor

This article presents a measurement of the proper motion of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy determined from images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph in the imaging mode. Each of two distinct fields contains a quasi-stellar object that serves as the "reference point. " The measured proper motion of Sculptor, expressed in the equatorial coordinate system, is (μα, μδ) = (9 ± 13, 2 ± 13) mas century-1. Removing the contributions from the motion of the Sun and the motion of the local standard of rest produces the proper motion in the Galactic rest frame: (μ, μ) = (-23 ± 13, 45 ± 13) mas century-1. The implied space velocity with respect to the Galactic center has a radial component of Vr = 79 ± 6 km s-1 and a tangential component of Vt = 198 ± 50 km s-1. Integrating the motion of Sculptor in a realistic potential for the Milky Way produces orbital elements. The perigalacticon and apogalacticon are 68 (31, 83) and 122 (97, 313) kpc, respectively, where the values in the parentheses represent the 95% confidence interval derived from Monte Carlo experiments. The eccentricity of the orbit is 0.29 (0.26, 0.60), and the orbital period is 2.2 (1.5, 4.9) Gyr. Sculptor is on a polar orbit around the Milky Way: the angle of inclination is 86° (83°, 90°).
Progress towards a predictive model for pedestal height in DIII-D

Recent DIII-D pedestal studies provide improved characterization of pedestal scaling for comparison with models. A new pedestal model accurately predicts the maximum achieved pedestal width and height in type I ELMing discharges over a large range of DIII-D operational space, including ITER demonstration discharges. The model is a combination of the peeling–ballooning theory for the MHD stability limits on the pedestal with a simple pedestal width scaling in which the width is proportional to the square root of the pedestal poloidal beta. Width scalings based on the ion toroidal or poloidal gyroradius are much poorer descriptions of DIII-D data. A mass scaling experiment in H and D provides support for a poloidal beta scaling and is not consistent with an ion poloidal gyroradius scaling. Studies of pedestal evolution during the inter-ELM cycle provide evidence that both the pedestal width and height increase during pedestal buildup. Model studies with a 1D kinetic neutrals calculation show that the temporal increase in density width cannot be explained in terms of increased neutral penetration depth. These studies show a correlation of pedestal width with both the square root of the pedestal poloidal beta and the square root of the pedestal ion temperature during the pedestal buildup.
Integration Processes of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: ‘Class-based Integration’

This article explores the intersections between economic resources of refugees and integration. It measures processes of adaptation of Syrians by focusing on the legal-political and socio-economic dimensions of integration. The focus of my analysis of the situations of Syrian refugees in Turkey is on class and related to financial resources that help Syrians to reach a kind of stability and security to those who lack rights. The key theoretical undertaking of this article is an attempt to develop the concept of ‘class-based integration’. The data consists of 120 semi-structured interviews conducted with Syrian refugees in Istanbul, Ankara and Gaziantep. I argue that Syrian refugees in Turkey go through ‘class-based integration’, which is in favour of refugees who do investments and who are skilled and leaves out refugees who are unskilled and do not have economic resources to invest in the receiving country from the integration processes. The article also shows that having economic resources could also support the construction of social bridges with members of the receiving society and overcoming the legal barriers to integration.
Effects of Adding Sodium Nitroprusside to Semen Diluents on Motility, Viability and Lipid Peroxidation of Sperm in Holstein Bulls

Background Nitric oxide (NO) that plays important role in all sexual activities of animals is made from the amino acid L-arginine by the enzymatic action of NO synthase (NOS). NO makes a band with sulfur-iron complexes, but due to production of steroid sexual hormones related to the enzymes involved in this complex, NO can change the activity of these enzymes. NO affects many cells including vein endothelial cells, macrophages and mast cells. These cells are also found in Leydig cells; therefore, they are important source of NO in testis tissue. Therefore, minimizing damages to sperm at the time of freezing thawing process are really important. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate NO concentration to be added to the freezing extender to improve the quality of thawed sperm. Materials and Methods In this experimental randomized study, sperms of four Holstein bulls with an average age of 4 were collected twice a week for 3 weeks. They received sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 100 nmol/ml. Data analysis was performed using the special issue and static (SAS) 98 software. Also, mean comparison was done using Duncan’s multiple ranges test (P<0.05). This research was conducted at the laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran at spring and summer of 2013. Results All concentrations of SNP used was found to increase motility and viability of spermatozoa at 1, 2 and 3 hours after thawing, significantly (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference at zero time. Different concentrations of SNP reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation level of sperm and increased acrosome membranes integrity, implying that SNP generally improved samples membranes, especially in 50 and 100 nmol/ml concentrations. Conclusion According to the obtained results, addition of SNP to semen diluents increases motility and viability of spermatozoa. Also, it reduces membrane lipid peroxidation level that leads to improved sperm function.
Conductive Hearing Loss Produces a Reversible Binaural Hearing Impairment

Conductive hearing loss, produced by otitis media with effusion, is widespread in young children. However, little is known about its short- or long-term effects on hearing or the brain. To study the consequences of a conductive loss for the perception and processing of sounds, we plugged the left ear canal of ferrets for 7–15 months during either infancy or adulthood. Before or during plugging, the ferrets were trained to perform a binaural task requiring the detection of a 500 Hz tone, positioned 90° to the right, that was masked by two sources of broad-band noise. In one condition (“control”), both noise sources were 90° right and, in the second condition (“bilateral”), one noise source was moved to 90° left. Normal ferrets showed binaural unmasking: tone detection thresholds were lower (mean 10.1 dB) for the bilateral condition than for the control condition. Both groups of ear-plugged ferrets had reduced unmasking; the mean residual unmasking was 2.3 dB for the infant and 0.7 dB for the adult ear-plugged animals. After unplugging, unmasking increased in both groups (infant, 7.1 dB; adult, 6.9 dB) but not to normal levels. Repeated testing during the 22 months after unplugging revealed a gradual return to normal levels of unmasking. These results show that a unilateral conductive hearing loss, in either infancy or adulthood, impairs binaural hearing both during and after the hearing loss. They show scant evidence for adaptation to the plug and demonstrate a recovery from the impairment that occurs over a period of several months after restoration of normal peripheral function.
On Luck versus Skill in Fund Performance: Does Style Matter?

A number of researchers have found that alphas obtained from standard multi-factor models misstate managerial ability when compared to industry style benchmarks. In this paper we extend this research to investigate whether the choice of the benchmark itself is important in ascertaining whether alpha is due to skill or luck. Using a sample of U.S. equity funds, for the period 1990-2011, we find that different segments of the market, ranging from large-cap growth to small-cap value, exhibit different levels of skill and luck when measured against different benchmarks. Our results also show that the use of standard multi-factor models underestimates managerial ability and overstates the proportion of funds whose abnormal performance can be attributed to chance rather than to skill, when compared against the use of style-consistent practitioner benchmarks. We also find that a single factor model that uses Russell Benchmark indices consistent with the style orientation of a fund and market practice provides a parsimonious way of accounting for the risks in style tilts.
Classifying Spam Emails Using Text and Readability Features

Supervised machine learning methods for classifying spam emails are long-established. Most of these methods use either header-based or content-based features. Spammers, however, can bypass these methods easily-especially the ones that deal with header features. In this paper, we report a novel spam classification method that uses features based on email content-language and readability combined with the previously used content-based task features. The features are extracted from four benchmark datasets viz. CSDMC2010, Spam Assassin, Ling Spam, and Enron-Spam. We use five well-known algorithms to induce our spam classifiers: Random Forest (RF), BAGGING, ADABOOSTM1, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes (NB). We evaluate the classifier performances and find that BAGGING performs the best. Moreover, its performance surpasses that of a number of state-of-the-art methods proposed in previous studies. Although applied only to English language emails, the results indicate that our method may be an excellent means to classify spam emails in other languages, as well.
A Continuation Result for Forced Oscillations of Constrained Motion Problems with Infinite Delay

Abstract We prove a global continuation result for T-periodic solutions of a T-periodic parametrized second order retarded functional differential equation on a boundaryless compact manifold with nonzero Euler-Poincaré characteristic. The approach is based on the fixed point index theory for locally compact maps on ANRs. As an application, we prove the existence of forced oscillations of retarded functional motion equations defined on topologically nontrivial compact constraints. This existence result is obtained under the assumption that the frictional coefficient is nonzero, and we conjecture that it is still true in the frictionless case.
High Prevalence of Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae Detected in the Human Gut Using an Improved DNA Detection Protocol

Background The low and variable prevalence of Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae DNA in human stool contrasts with the paramount role of these methanogenic Archaea in digestion processes. We hypothesized that this contrast is a consequence of the inefficiencies of current protocols for archaeon DNA extraction. We developed a new protocol for the extraction and PCR-based detection of M. smithii and M. stadtmanae DNA in human stool. Methodology/Principal Findings Stool specimens collected from 700 individuals were filtered, mechanically lysed twice, and incubated overnight with proteinase K prior to DNA extraction using a commercial DNA extraction kit. Total DNA was used as a template for quantitative real-time PCR targeting M. smithii and M. stadtmanae 16S rRNA and rpoB genes. Amplification of 16S rRNA and rpoB yielded positive detection of M. smithii in 95.7% and M. stadtmanae in 29.4% of specimens. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene PCR products from 30 randomly selected specimens (15 for M. smithii and 15 for M. stadtmanae) yielded a sequence similarity of 99–100% using the reference M. smithii ATCC 35061 and M. stadtmanae DSM 3091 sequences. Conclusions/Significance In contrast to previous reports, these data indicate a high prevalence of the methanogens M. smithii and M. stadtmanae in the human gut, with the former being an almost ubiquitous inhabitant of the intestinal microbiome.
Periodic Remapping of Non-Deterministic Bulk Synchronous Computations

Dynamic remapping is critical to the performance of bulk synchronous computations that have non-deterministic behaviors because of the need of barrier synchronization between phases. This paper presents a formal analysis of the issue of when to remap for dynamic computations with a priori known statistical behaviors, with an objective of finding optimal remapping frequencies for a given tolerance of load imbalance. The problem is formulated as a sequential stochastic optimization. Since general optimization tech niques tend to reveal stationary properties of the workload process, they are not readily applicable to the analysis of the effect of periodic remapping. Instead, this paper develops new analytical approaches to precisely characterize the transient statistical behaviors of the workload process on both homogeneous and heterogeneous machines. Nearoptimal remapping frequencies are derived for various random workload change processes with known or unknown probabilistic distributions. The approximations are shown accurate via simulations.