Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Marihuana and Alcohol on Simulated Driving Performance

The effects of marihuana, alcohol, and no treatment on simulated driving performance were determined for experienced marihuana smokers. Subjects experiencing a "social marihuana high" accumulated significantly more speedometer errors than when under control conditions, whereas there were no significant differences in accelerator, brake, signal, steering, and total errors. The same subjects intoxicated from alcohol accumulated significantly more accelerator, brake, signal, speedometer, and total errors than under normal conditions, whereas there was no significant difference in steering errors. Impairment in simulated driving performance does not seem to be a function of increased marihuana dosage or inexperience with the drug.
Exploring Characteristics of Retained First-Year Students Enrolled in Non-Proximal Distance Learning Programs

This study explored pre- and post-admission characteristics of retained first-year students enrolled in non-proximal distance learning programs within public, 2-year colleges. Five pre-admission and six post-admission characteristics were explored. The sample for this study consisted of 197 first-year students enrolled in non-proximal distance learning programs from among five, public, 2-year colleges in Virginia. A quantitative data collection method was used in this exploratory study. Data analysis revealed that a majority of participants: (1) were non-traditional-aged White females, with a high GPA and experience with technology; (2) were employed on a full-time basis and had dependent children; (3) had a high school and college GPA of above 3.0; (4) believed the institutional academic advising system was more than adequate; (5) noted that commitment to the institution and graduation were important; and (6) had access to technology.
Development of the liver in the chicken embryo. II. Erythropoietic and granulopoietic cells

Hepatic hemopoiesis is apparent in the chicken embryo on day 7 of incubation (Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 30), and a peak in hemopoietic activity occurs on day 14 (Stage 40). During this period, the differentiation of hemopoietic cells was examined by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Glycol methacrylate sections were used in lieu of smears to study hemopoietic cells, thus minimizing the problems of cell shrinkage and rupture. The sections were superior to smears for close examination of nuclear and cytoplasmic morphologies and for precise localization of hemopoietic cells to intravascular and extravascular sites. The avian liver is involved directly with erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis only. Erythropoietic cells, occurring in intravascular and extravascular locations, appear throughout the time frame examined. Blood islands with granulopoietic cells were not observed until days 8–9 (Stage 35). Granulopoiesis in the liver produces only eosinophilic leukocytes. Individual granulopoietic cells appear first in the connective tissue sheaths of hepatic vessels, and these cells subsequently congregate into blood islands. Endothelial cells of the sinusoidal linings, through asymmetric divisions, frequently release daughter cells into the circulation, and Kupffer cells are actively engaged in phagocytosis of erythrocytes. From a comparative standpoint the elements deemed critical to hemopoiesis in the mammalian liver–prehepatocyte population, hepatic vasculature, and compartments for stem cell differentiation–may not hold the same importance in the bird, owing to an inordinate reliance on intravascular hemopoiesis in this vertebrate class. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi affect the physiological responses of Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana seedlings exposed to an NaCl gradient.

We tested the effects of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) inoculation on greenhouse-grown white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana L.) seedlings to be used for revegetation of salt-affected tailing sands resulting from the exploitation of oil sand in northeastern Alberta, Canada. White spruce and jack pine seedlings were inoculated with three ECM fungi selected for their in vitro tolerance to excess Na+ and Cl-: Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull) Quel. UAMH 5247, Laccaria bicolor Maire (Orton) UAMH 8232 and a Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing. , Snell and Dick isolate from a salt-affected site. The physiological responses of the seedlings to a gradient of NaCl concentration (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were assessed over four weeks by: (1) Na+ accumulation and allocation; (2) chlorophyll a fluorescence; (3) growth, (4) water content; and (5) organic osmolyte accumulation. Jack pine seedlings were more sensitive than white spruce seedlings to increasing Na+ and Cl- concentrations. Both species showed decreasing biomass accumulation, and increasing concentrations of organic osmotica and Na with increasing NaCl concentration. White spruce seedlings inoculated with the S. tomentosus isolate had the best growth response at all NaCl concentrations tested. Although jack pine seedlings inoculated with the L. bicolor or S. tomentosus isolate exhibited the highest growth in the 50 and 100 mM NaCl treatments, both fungi increased the photochemical stress and dehydration of their hosts in the 200 mM NaCl treatment. At the latter concentration, jack pine seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme showed the greatest tolerance to salt stress. Although the different fungi altered the physiological response of the host in different ways, inoculation with salt-stress-tolerant ECM fungi increased growth and reduced the negative effects of excess NaCl. Use of controlled mycorrhization may increase survival of coniferous seedlings used for revegetation of salt-affected sites.
The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish

The fish farming industry has been more focused on the quality of eggs or larvae rather than that of sperm, even though the quality of both gametes may affect fertilisation success and larval survival. In some species, poor sperm quality can be a limiting factor in their culture, however, even when fertilisation success is high, differences in sperm quality between males when mixed sperm from multiple males is used may severely reduce the apparent population size and may affect the future genetic integrity of the stock. Sperm quality in farmed fish may be affected by different components of broodstock husbandry, during collection and storage of sperm prior to fertilisation or the fertilisation procedure. Although other approaches for quantification of sperm quality have been suggested, motility is most commonly used since high motility is a prerequisite for fertilisation and correlates strongly with fertilisation success. The assessment of sperm motility has historically relied on subjective estimates of motility characteristics, the value of which is questionable in predicting fertility. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems that were initially developed to examine sperm quality in mammals and birds have only recently been applied to fish sperm. CASA can play an important role in aquaculture since it can rapidly and objectively quantify the effects of husbandry conditions and sperm handling on sperm motility and hence, fertilising capacity in farmed fish. This paper reviews existing methods of sperm quality assessment in fish, surveys the factors affecting quality and shows how the application of computer-calculated motility analysis may achieve a better understanding and quantification of the impact of aquaculture practices on sperm quality and fertilisation success. The review focuses primarily on teleost fish which predominate in both 0044-8486/$ see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2003.12. 006 * Corresponding author. Tel. : +32-16-32-39-66; fax: +32-16-32-45-75. E-mail address: eugene.rurangwa@bio.kuleuven. ac.be (E. Rurangwa). E. Rurangwa et al. / Aquaculture 234 (2004) 1–28 2 aquaculture and research, but also includes some of the studies on sturgeon which are of increasing interest in aquaculture. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A framework for facial surgery simulation

The accurate prediction of the post-surgical facial shape is of paramount importance for surgical planning in facial surgery. In this paper we present a framework for facial surgery simulation which is based on volumetric finite element modeling. We contrast conventional procedures for surgical planning against our system by accompanying a patient during the entire process of planning, medical treatment and simulation. In various preprocessing steps a 3D physically based facial model is reconstructed from CT and laser range scans. All geometric and topological changes are modeled interactively using Alias. #8482; Applying fully 3D volumetric elasticity allows us to represent important volumetric effects such as incompressibility in a natural and physically accurate way. For computational efficiency, we devised a novel set of prismatic shape functions featuring a globally C1-continuous surface in combination with a C0 interior. Not only is it numerically accurate, but this construction enables us to compute smooth and visually appealing facial shapes.
Presence of autoantibodies against tubular and uveal cells in a patient with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome.

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is characterized by acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with a favourable course and chronic recurrent uveitis. Since the first description in 1975 [1], more than 150 cases have been described in the literature [2]. Most of the patients with TINU syndrome are adolescents and young women, with a median age of onset of 15 (range 9 to 74) years. Renal tubulointerstitial infiltrates are primarily composed of activated lymphocytes, among which the helper/inducer T-cell subset is reported to be predominant [3,4]. In addition, TINU syndrome can be associated with granuloma in kidney or in another localization like bone marrow [1,5–7]. The pathogenesis of TINU syndrome remains unclear, but cell-mediated immunity, in particular delayed-type hypersensitivity, could play a large role in this disorder [8]. In addition, some studies suggest that uveitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis have a common immunological pathogenesis and so it was postulated that there may be a common antigenicity between renal and ocular tissues [3,9]. We report the first case of TINU syndrome associated with autoantibodies reacting to a possible common renal tubular and uveal antigen in a context of granulomatous inflammation.
Police Charging Practices for Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence in Canada

Objectives: To examine police charging practices in case of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Canada. Methods: In this national level study, we explore police charging in cases of IPV using data from the 2008 Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey. Using logistic regression, we examine the impact of several key legal and extralegal factors on the police charging decisions. Results: Analysis shows that, while the majority of cases were cleared by charge, the proportion of cases in which police recommended a charge varied across the country. Further, the majority of legal and extralegal variables examined were significantly associated with the police decision to lay a charge across the jurisdictions examined, including the presence of victim injury, multiple victims, offence type as well as gender of the victim and the victim–accused relationship. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that future research on police charging in cases of IPV require more precise examinations of the role played by gender and the type of relationship as well as an investigation of the community context in which police decisions are made.
Editorial Judgments

Based on participant observation of editors’ decisions for a sociology journal, the paper investigates the peer review process. It shows a hidden interactivity in peer review, which is overlooked both by authors who impute social causes to unwelcome decisions, and by the preoccupation with ‘reliability’ prevalent in peer review research. This study shows that editorial judgments are: (1) attitudes taken by editorial readers toward various kinds of text, as a result of their membership in an intellectual milieu; (2) impressions gained through the reading process (through a ‘virtual interaction’ with the author); and (3) rationalizing statements about manuscripts made by editors and addressed to their peers on a committee. Since all these judgments are themselves subjected to judgments about their quality, the ‘review’ of peer review does not consist in an asymmetric examination of a text, but in the mutual monitoring of expert judgments, complementing and controlling, supervising and competing with each other. What has become known as scientific ‘criticism’ is an ongoing panoptic organization of communication: in peer review, judgments themselves are judged and made public.
Adjuvant Effects of Low Doses of a Nuclease-Resistant Derivative of Polyinosinic Acid · Polycytidylic Acid on Antibody Responses of Monkeys to Inactivated Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Vaccine

Polyriboinosinic·polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I)·poly(C)] stabilized with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(ICLC)] has been previously shown to be a compound with marked adjuvant activity when given in high doses with inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine. This study investigated the effects of much lower doses of poly(ICLC) on the magnitude and kinetics of the primary and secondary humoral antibody responses of rhesus monkeys to inactivated VEE virus vaccine. Monkeys given a single injection of vaccine developed very low neutralizing antibody titers, whereas those given adjuvant plus vaccine had 30- to 100-fold-higher titers which remained elevated for longer than 6 months. Low doses of poly(ICLC) given with VEE virus vaccine resulted in a profound but transient increase in priming of secondary antibody responses to the antigen. In contrast, the administration of poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose alone without the poly(I)·poly(C) component of the complex had no adjuvant effect on antibody responses of monkeys to VEE virus vaccine. The temporal development of antibody by class (immunoglobulin M-immunoglobulin G) in monkeys given two injections of adjuvant-vaccine was not different from that with vaccine alone. Serial hematological and clinical chemistry determinations on monkeys given single or multiple doses of poly(ICLC) with vaccine were not different from values in monkeys given vaccine alone.
Combinatorial Genetic Modeling of pfcrt-Mediated Drug Resistance Evolution in Plasmodium falciparum

The emergence of drug resistance continuously threatens global control of infectious diseases, including malaria caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. A critical parasite determinant is the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT), the primary mediator of chloroquine (CQ) resistance (CQR), and a pleiotropic modulator of susceptibility to several first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy partner drugs. Aside from the validated CQR molecular marker K76T, P. falciparum parasites have acquired at least three additional pfcrt mutations, whose contributions to resistance and fitness have been heretofore unclear. Focusing on the quadruple-mutant Ecuadorian PfCRT haplotype Ecu1110 (K76T/A220S/N326D/I356L), we genetically modified the pfcrt locus of isogenic, asexual blood stage P. falciparum parasites using zinc-finger nucleases, producing all possible combinations of intermediate pfcrt alleles. Our analysis included the related quintuple-mutant PfCRT haplotype 7G8 (Ecu1110 + C72S) that is widespread throughout South America and the Western Pacific. Drug susceptibilities and in vitro growth profiles of our combinatorial pfcrt-modified parasites were used to simulate the mutational trajectories accessible to parasites as they evolved CQR. Our results uncover unique contributions to parasite drug resistance and growth for mutations beyond K76T and predict critical roles for the CQ metabolite monodesethyl-CQ and the related quinoline-type drug amodiaquine in driving mutant pfcrt evolution. Modeling outputs further highlight the influence of parasite proliferation rates alongside gains in drug resistance in dictating successful trajectories. Our findings suggest that P. falciparum parasites have navigated constrained pfcrt adaptive landscapes by means of probabilistically rare mutational bursts that led to the infrequent emergence of pfcrt alleles in the field.
Crossover of stress, strain and resources from one spouse to another'

Summary The main focus of the study was the crossover of burnout and of coping resources from husbands to wives and vice versa. The study was carried out on 101 couples, male military officers and their wives, who were randomly selected by the Israel Defense Force computer. They filled out questionnaires that measured their level of burnout, job stress, work support, family support concerning work problems, and their sense of control. Findings reveal that the husbands' sense of control and burnout were positively related to the corresponding variables measured for their wives. To establish the crossover effect, the theoretical model was tested by structural equation analysis (LISREL), which showed a positive effect of wives' burnout on husbands' burnout, after controlling for the husbands' own job stress and coping resources. The husbands' burnout likewise affected their wives' burnout. Thus, a crossover of burnout was exhibited from husbands to wives and vice versa. Furthermore, for both sexes, sense of control had the highest impact on their own burnout and on their spouse's burnout, after controlling for their own job stress and resources. Thus, the spouse's sense of control was found to be an additional resistance resource working to the benefit of the other partner. The relevance of these findings to burnout prevention is discussed.
A clinicopathologic analysis of 177 acral melanomas in Koreans: relevance of spreading pattern and physical stress.

IMPORTANCE The pathogenesis of acral melanoma remains unclear, even though trauma may be a predisposing factor. A study about the association of long-term physical stress with the incidence and spreading patterns through detailed anatomic mapping may be important to understand the unique features of acral melanoma. OBJECTIVES To analyze the epidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics of acral melanoma and evaluate how long-term physical stress or pressure strength influences acral melanoma based on the analysis of differences in incidence, prognosis of the distinct site (weight or non-weight-bearing portion of sole, volar, or subungual location), and the spreading pattern of melanoma on the soles. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Cross-sectional, retrospective study of 177 Korean patients with acral melanoma from January 1, 1994, through October 31, 2012. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Anatomic mapping and histopathologic examination of acral melanoma. RESULTS The male to female ratio was 1:1.03, and the mean age at first admission was 55.3 years. Acral lentiginous melanoma was the most common histopathologic subtype (85.9%), followed by nodular melanoma (12.8%). There was a high incidence of acral melanoma at more physically stressed sites, such as the center of the heels and inner forefoot. In addition, a peculiar spreading pattern with the long axis of melanoma, typically along naturally occurring creases due to long-term pressure on the soles, was often observed. The prognostic index and survival rate showed no significant difference between volar and subungual locations or between weight and non-weight-bearing portions of the soles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Clinicopathologic characteristics of acral melanoma diagnosed at an advanced stage and resulting in a low survival rate are not significantly different between Koreans and other Asians. Interestingly, based on our study, long-term physical stress or pressure strength can influence the incidence and spreading pattern of acral melanoma in a particular manner. Acral melanoma occurs on more physically stressed sites with the long axis along natural creases on the sole. A further prospective investigation, especially of in situ lesions, regarding location-based differences in incidence, progress, and survival is necessary to better understand the pathophysiologic characteristics of acral melanoma.
Transition to Adulthood as a Peer Project

This study used an action theoretical framework and the action-project method to address the following research question: “How do youth jointly with peers construct, articulate, and act on goals and strategies pertinent to the transition to adulthood? ” Fifteen young adult friendship dyads were studied over a 9-month period, using videotaped conversations and telephone monitoring. Peers jointly and intentionally engaged in actions and enacted goals related to young adult transition. Negotiating and maintaining friendship, constructing identity, and promoting career were the projects that emerged most frequently. These projects involved using a range of skills and resources that allowed the participants to take a number of functional steps in constructing and realizing their joint goals, including being intimate, humorous, and reciprocal with each other, providing support, sharing emotion, and exercising judgment. The findings illustrate how friendship, identity, and career promotion are jointly constructed and enacted by young adults.
Necessity, Compatibility and Status Attainment as Factors in the Labor-Force Participation of Married Women.

The probability is tested that a married woman will more likely participate in the labor force: (1) the lower the family income without her earnings; (2) the higher her occupational prestige potential; (3) the less her occupational prestige potential differs from her husbands; and (4) the more her occupational prestige potential exceeds the occupational prestige of her husband. Data from the General Social Surveys conducted between 1974 and 1977 support the importance of economic necessity and occupational potential but do not support either the effects of status compatibility or status enhancement. Beyond the effects of age children and the need for income occupational prestige potential is able to explain almost half again as much variance as the other variables combined. (authors)
Currency Price, the Nominal Exchange Rate, and Security Prices in a Two Country Dynamic Monetary Equilibrium

This paper examines a continuous-time two-country dynamic monetary equilibrium in which countries with possibly heterogeneous tastes and endowments hold their own money for the purpose of transaction services formulated via money in the utility function. Given a price system, no-arbitrage pricing results are provided for the price of each money and the nominal exchange rate. Characterizations are provided for equilibrium prices for general time-additive preferences and non-Markovian exogenous processes. Under a Markovian structure of model primitives, the currency prices are shown to solve a bivariate system of partial differential equations. Assuming that each country is endowed with heterogeneous separable power utility and the exogenous quantities all follow geometric Brownian motions, an equilibrium is shown to exist and additional characterization is provided. A further example of non-separable Cobb-Douglass preferences is investigated. The additional features over customary environment of homogeneous logarithmic preferences are emphasized.