Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistological expression of p53 in primary pT1 transitional cell bladder cancer in relation to tumour progression.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether p53 expression is a marker of tumour progression in superficially invasive (pT1) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS The immunohistochemical status of the p53 protein in 28 pT1 primary bladder cancers was determined on frozen tissue and archival paraffin block sections using three primary antibodies (CM-1, PAB1801 and D07). The findings were compared with the patients' progress. All the patients, except for those who died during the course of the study, were followed up by check cystoscopy for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS Immediately adjacent frozen sections stained identically in 10 of 16 cases for CM-1 and PAB1801. For paraffin sections, identical staining patterns were seen for PAB1801 and D07 in 21 of 26 sections. However, inter- and intra-tumour staining for p53 was very variable, even with the same antibody. The heterogeneity of p53 positive cell distribution in the tumours indicates potential for significant sampling errors if random sections are chosen as representative of p53 status. CONCLUSION The p53 status of the primary tumours did not relate to patient outcome. The results obtained do not support the use of immunohistological p53 expression as a discriminating prognostic indicator in pT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Distinct determinants on collagen support a2,1 integrin-mediated platelet adhesion and platelet activation

Recent studies have revealed that the sequence of amino acids asp-gly-glu-ala represents an essential determinant of the site within the alc(l)-CB3 fragment of collagen recognized by the a2c, integrin cell surface collagen receptor (Staatz et al., 1991). Studies employing chemical modifications of collagen amino acid side chains confirm both the essential nature of the acidic side chains of aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues and the nonessen-tiality of lysine e-amino groups in supporting adhesion mediated by the a2ft, integrin. The approach also indicates the presence of a distinct determinant on collagen separate from the a26,1 recognition site that contains essential lysine side chains and that is necessary for subsequent interactions with the platelet surface that give rise to collagen-in-duced platelet activation and secretion. The two-step, two-site model for cellular signaling involving both an integrin and a signal-transducing corecep-tor suggested by these data may be common to other integrin-mediated processes.
“Scary Dykes” and “Feminine Queens”: Stereotypes and Female Collegiate Athletes

This investigation, framed in feminist and social identity perspectives, examined female athletes’ interpretations and reactions to the stereotypes ascribed to women in sport. Interviews with 15 female collegiate athletes revealed that the primary stereotypes directed at them were that they were lesbian and masculine. These stereotypes seemed to emanate from the athletes’ lack of conformity to hegemonic femininity (Choi, 1998; Krane, 2001a). Initially, the athletes responded to being typecast with anger and they used social mobility strategies (e.g., distancing from an athletic identity, performing femininity) to avoid negative perceptions. Both heterosexual and lesbian/bisexual athletes coped with being stereotyped and grew more comfortable with their own sexual identities and those of their teammates. This led to the development of inclusive team environments, collective esteem, and empowerment, with athletes speaking out against homonegative comments in other settings.
Birdsnap: Large-Scale Fine-Grained Visual Categorization of Birds

We address the problem of large-scale fine-grained visual categorization, describing new methods we have used to produce an online field guide to 500 North American bird species. We focus on the challenges raised when such a system is asked to distinguish between highly similar species of birds. First, we introduce "one-vs-most classifiers. " By eliminating highly similar species during training, these classifiers achieve more accurate and intuitive results than common one-vs-all classifiers. Second, we show how to estimate spatio-temporal class priors from observations that are sampled at irregular and biased locations. We show how these priors can be used to significantly improve performance. We then show state-of-the-art recognition performance on a new, large dataset that we make publicly available. These recognition methods are integrated into the online field guide, which is also publicly available.
Domestic violence and women with disabilities: locating the issue on the periphery of social movements

Women with disabilities, like non‐disabled women, are at risk of experiencing abuse perpetrated by those closest to them. This paper reviews what is known about the domestic abuse of disabled women, explores some of the dynamics of that abuse and considers why this issue has not been high on the agenda of either the movement against domestic violence or the disabled people’s movement in the UK, taking into consideration several points that disabled women have raised. In doing so it focuses on the concept of compound oppressions as a potential explanation for the failure of this problem to have widespread recognition as a social issue.
Seismic Analysis of Historic Masonry Buildings: The Vicarious Palace in Pescia (Italy)

Recent Italian earthquakes have underlined the need for wide monitoring and safety assessment of architectonical heritage. This has emerged also from requirements of the new Italian Technical Recommendations for buildings. Within this subject the paper investigates the seismic vulnerability of a specific monumental masonry building: the Vicarious Palace (Palazzo del Vicario) in Pescia, a small town near Florence. The structural behavior of the Palace was investigated using a finite element model in which the non-linearities of the masonry were considered by proper constitutive assumptions. The seismic behavior was evaluated by the pushover method, according to the Italian Technical Recommendations. The results were compared with the ones obtained by a simplified approach based on the kinematic theorem of limit analysis. Comparisons of the expected seismic demand vs the seismic capacity of the Palace confirm the weakness of this type of building to suffer extensive damage under earthquakes, as frequently observed in similar construction typologies. Additionally, the comprehension of the structural behavior under seismic loading allows the identification of a proper retrofitting strategy.
Development of Indirect Measures of Conscientiousness: Combining a Facets Approach and Network Analysis

Because indirect measures of personality self–concepts such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) allow tapping into automatic processes, they can offer advantages over self–report measures. However, prior investigations have led to mixed results regarding the validity of indirect measures of conscientiousness. We suggest that these results might be due to a failure to consider the different facets of conscientiousness. These facets are of crucial importance because they are associated differentially with other psychobiological constructs and they are also characterized by different mechanisms. Therefore, focusing on facets while developing indirect measures of conscientiousness may improve the validity of such measures. In Study 1, we conducted a psycholexical investigation to develop one IAT for each conscientiousness facet. In Study 2, we examined the convergent and discriminant validities of each facet IAT in relation to self–report measures, peer–report measures and self–report behavioural indicators, and we investigated differential associations of the conscientiousness facets with working memory capacity and self–control. We employed network analysis as a novel approach to elucidate differential relationships involving personality facets. The results corroborated the convergent and discriminant validity of the conscientiousness facet IATs with self–reports and showed that the conscientiousness facets were differentially associated with working memory capacity and with self–control. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Domestic Violence and Voluntary Perpetrator Programmes: Engaging Men in the Pre-Commencement Phase

In a longitudinal evaluation of two multi-agency projects providing holistic, early intervention to victim/survivors of domestic violence, their children and perpetrators, the voluntary perpetrator programmes (VPPs) were the least successful aspect of the initiatives. This article explores why there were relatively low numbers of abusive partners self-referring and/or being referred into programmes and high drop-out rates in the pre-commencement phase. Four key reasons emerged: work with perpetrators was not within the remit of partner agencies; when it was part of their remit, it was through a criminal justice lens; agencies such as children's services claimed to work with families but in practice this meant mothers and children only; and female practitioners felt unsafe about engaging with perpetrators, especially when this was in a domestic setting. These findings echo those of others who have found that practitioners rarely expect to or actually engage with men as partners or family members. We conclude that discussions of the effectiveness of VPPs should consider the engagement of perpetrators in the pre-commencement phase. Additionally, training to improve the skills and confidence of practitioners such as social workers to more effectively engage and prepare perpetrators in the pre-commencement phase could improve engagement rates for these programmes.
From humiliation to retaliation: The differential effects of collective- versus personal-level humiliating experiences

From Humiliation to Retaliation: The Differential Effects of CollectiveVersus Personal-level Humiliating Experiences Jennifer S. Goldman While extant theory and research suggest that humiliation plays a central part in prolonging cycles of aggression and violence, especially in the context of identity-based conflicts, there are still many gaps in the literature (Coleman, 2003; Crocker, Hampson & Aall, 2004; Friedman, 2003; Hartling & Luchetta, 1999; Lindner, 2002, 2006). In particular, little research has addressed whether different types of humiliating events might provoke different types of responses, such that some responses might characterize helplessness while others might be characterized by prolonged anger and aggression and thus fuel long-term conflict. The present research examined whether reactions to humiliation involving collective-level identity characteristics (such as race, religion and nationality), as compared to personal-level ones, might produce more externally-focused angry and aggressive responses, both in the immediateand longer-terms. Two studies examined individuals’ reactions to humiliating experiences involving collectiveversus personal-level identity characteristics. Study 1 was an experimental on-line scenario study, and Study 2 was an online survey asking participants to recall humiliating experiences from their real lives. The results of both studies showed that individuals humiliated regarding a collective-level identity characteristic were significantly more likely to blame the humiliator or external circumstances for the experience, while individuals humiliated regarding an
Seeing is believing: The effects of facial expressions of emotion and verbal communication in social dilemmas

In social dilemmas, verbal communication of one's intentions is an important factor in increasing cooperation. In addition to verbal communication of one's intentions, also the communication of emotions of anger and happiness can influence cooperative behavior. In the present paper, we argue that facial expressions of emotion moderate verbal communication in social dilemmas. More specifically, three experiments showed that if the other person displayed happiness he or she was perceived as honest, trustworthy, and reliable, and cooperation was increased when verbal communication was cooperative rather than self-interested. However, if the other person displayed anger, verbal communication did not influence people's decision behavior. Results also showed interactive effects on people's perceptions of trustworthiness, which partially mediated decision behavior. These findings suggest that emotion displays have an important function in organizational settings because they are able to influence social interactions and cooperative behavior. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
✲-Aware Charging of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

Lithium-ion cells are widely used in various platforms, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and mobile devices. Complete and fast charging of cells has always been the goal for sustainable system operation. However, fast charging is not always the best solution, especially in view of a new finding that cells need to rest/relax after being charged with high current to avoid accelerated capacity fading. Fast charging for its typical Charge-and-Go scenario does not allow this needed relaxation. In this paper, we propose *-Aware, a novel charging algorithm which maximizes the charged capacity within the user-specified available charging time (i.e., user-awareness) while ensuring enough relaxation (i.e., cell-awareness). We motivate and evaluate *-Aware via extensive measurements over 10 months. *-Aware is shown to improve the charged capacity by 6.9-50.5% over other charging algorithms that also ensure relaxation, and by almost 3x in some extreme cases. Furthermore, *-Aware slows down the capacity fading by 49.55% when compared to fast charging.
Afterlife Motivation Scale: Correlations With Maladjustment and Incremental Validity in Iranian Muslims

In a previous study of Iranian Muslims, two scales measuring religious commitments based on a desire to avoid hell and to reach heaven predicted maladjustment. The responding of Iranian university students in this investigation revealed that these two forms of desire could be reduced to a single factor that was adequately operationalized in a brief six-item instrument. This Afterlife Motivation Scale displayed strong internal consistency and correlated positively with the extrinsic personal, extrinsic social, and intrinsic religious orientations and with nearness to God, depression, anxiety, and death anxiety. Multiple regression analyses indicated that this scale recorded a specific form of religious psychological functioning that could not be reduced to more general intrinsic and extrinsic forms of religiousness. This brief instrument could be useful in future efforts to better understand one way in which heaven and hell might be meaningful for Iranian and perhaps other Muslims and for followers of other religious traditions.
Identification and Estimation of Nonparametric Quantile Regressions with Endogeneity

I consider identification of nonparametric quantile regressions with endogenous regressors and an excluded instrumental variable. This model has an outcome equation that is both nonlinear and nonseparable in a latent variable which may be arbitrarily dependent with the regressors. This allows for general unobserved heterogeneity and selection on unobservables. I introduce a new assumption called conditional copula invariance (CCI) that restricts how the instrument affects the copula between the regressors and the latent variable. I show that CCI is sufficient for nonparametric identification given an extremely weak local rank condition. In particular, a binary instrument can satisfy the rank condition. This contrasts sharply with related work on nonparametric identification in nonseparable models, which has typically emphasized strong rank conditions such as large support or completeness. Furthermore, I show that CCI has a clear economic interpretation that can be justified by either a formal model or intuitive arguments. I use the identification result to develop a consistent nonparametric sieve extremum estimator. A Monte Carlo experiment shows that binary instruments perform comparably to continuous instruments in finite samples. ∗Ph.D. candidate, Department of Economics, Yale University, alexander.torgovitsky@yale.edu. I thank my advisors, Donald Andrews, Xiaohong Chen and Edward Vytlacil, who have been gracious with their advice, support and feedback. This paper has benefited from discussions with Joseph Altonji, Lanier Benkard, Steven Berry, Kirill Evdokimov, Philip Haile, James Heckman, Kaisuke Hirano, Yuichi Kitamura, Sokbae (Simon) Lee and Oliver Linton. I thank participants of the 2010 Cowles Foundation Summer Conference, the 2010 World Congress of the Econometric Society and of econometrics workshops and seminars at Yale. While writing this paper I was generously supported by a Carl Arvid Anderson fellowship from the Cowles Foundation.
Sundown Syndrome in Persons with Dementia: An Update

"Sundowning" in demented individuals, as distinct clinical phenomena, is still open to debate in terms of clear definition, etiology, operationalized parameters, validity of clinical construct, and interventions. In general, sundown syndrome is characterized by the emergence or increment of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation, confusion, anxiety, and aggressiveness in late afternoon, in the evening, or at night. Sundowning is highly prevalent among individuals with dementia. It is thought to be associated with impaired circadian rhythmicity, environmental and social factors, and impaired cognition. Neurophysiologically, it appears to be mediated by degeneration of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and decreased production of melatonin. A variety of treatment options have been found to be helpful to ameliorate the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with this phenomenon: bright light therapy, melatonin, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, antipsychotics, and behavioral modifications. To decrease the morbidity from this specific condition, improve patient's well being, lessen caregiver burden, and delay institutionalization, further attention needs to be given to development of clinically operational definition of sundown syndrome and investigations on etiology, risk factors, and effective treatment options.
Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Femoral Bone Loss in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Classification and Preoperative Planning*†

Despite the excellent results of total hip arthroplasty, the number of patients who need a revision operation is increasing. Moreover, reconstructive surgeons now are faced with complex primary cases for which a total hip arthroplasty may not have been considered in the past, such as hips with a previous arthrodesis or severe dysplasia3,9,33,40,58,66. These arthroplasties present many challenges, foremost of which is the management of bone abnormalities and of bone loss in particular. Therefore, the preoperative evaluation and description of bone deficits are of great importance. A number of investigators have produced systems for classification of bone loss about the hip48,49. These systems have been devised in order to quantify the severity of femoral bone loss, to explain the indications for particular revision arthroplasty techniques, and to assess the results of these interventions8,55. Many of these classification systems are similar in principle, yet are described differently. Without a unified classification system that has been proved to be reliable, valid, user-friendly, and widely accepted, it is exceedingly difficult to compare the various reconstructive techniques that are currently available. Such a system should help to guide the surgeon to the best treatment option for the deficit that is encountered. It also should help the surgeon to determine the appropriate approach, the implants that should be available, and the type of bone graft that may be needed. In this review, the preoperative evaluation of femoral bone loss after total hip arthroplasty is summarized and the most commonly used classification systems are described. Before attempting to revise a hip replacement that has associated bone loss, the surgeon should have a complete and logical preoperative plan. Many factors have to be considered, such as the …
Manipulating attention via mindfulness induction improves P300-based brain–computer interface performance

In this study, we examined the effects of a short mindfulness meditation induction (MMI) on the performance of a P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) task. We expected that MMI would harness present-moment attentional resources, resulting in two positive consequences for P300-based BCI use. Specifically, we believed that MMI would facilitate increases in task accuracy and promote the production of robust P300 amplitudes. Sixteen-channel electroencephalographic data were recorded from 18 subjects using a row/column speller task paradigm. Nine subjects participated in a 6 min MMI and an additional nine subjects served as a control group. Subjects were presented with a 6 × 6 matrix of alphanumeric characters on a computer monitor. Stimuli were flashed at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 125 ms. Calibration data were collected on 21 items without providing feedback. These data were used to derive a stepwise linear discriminate analysis classifier that was applied to an additional 14 items to evaluate accuracy. Offline performance analyses revealed that MMI subjects were significantly more accurate than control subjects. Likewise, MMI subjects produced significantly larger P300 amplitudes than control subjects at Cz and PO7. The discussion focuses on the potential attentional benefits of MMI for P300-based BCI performance.
Rethinking the ‘race‐class debate’ in South African historiography

This article argues that revisionist historiography has constituted a debate with its liberal opponents which has an ‘either‐or’ form: either class or race has analytic primacy, and either segregation/apartheid is functional or dysfunctional to capitalist growth. This has led revisionists into reductionism and factionalism, despite frequent disclaimers to the contrary. Failure to conceptualise and address the relative independence of social factors has, as a corollary, a functionalist rendition of their relationship to capitalist interests and development. By way of illustration an article by Wolpe and a book by Saul and Gelb are criticised for analytical shortcomings. Finally revised conceptualisations of the relationships between race and class and between capitalist development and racial policies are proposed.