Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Adult Interaction Style on Conversational Behavior in Students with Severe Communication Problems

Children with severe communication handicaps such as autism and mental retardation often experience significant problems in conversational interactions. These problems are typically attributed to the well-documented social, linguistic, and cognitive deficits of the children. Some authors have suggested, however, that the interaction behavior of the conversational partner also affects the children's spontaneous verbal output. This study investigated this issue using a small group design to compare the verbal output of adolescent subjects with autism or mental retardation with adults who used two different sets of verbal behaviors during conversational interactions. The results indicated that when the adults used a facilitative rather than a directive (or question-based) style, subjects initiated a significantly higher proportion of main topics and produced significantly higher proportions of both spontaneous comments and questions in their conversational exchanges. They produced higher proportions of direc.
Marked Increase in PROP Taste Responsiveness Following Oral Supplementation with Selected Salivary Proteins or Their Related Free Amino Acids

The genetic predisposition to taste 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) varies among individuals and is associated with salivary levels of Ps-1 and II-2 peptides, belonging to the basic proline-rich protein family (bPRP). We evaluated the role of these proteins and free amino acids that selectively interact with the PROP molecule, in modulating bitter taste responsiveness. Subjects were classified by their PROP taster status based on ratings of perceived taste intensity for PROP and NaCl solutions. Quantitative and qualitative determinations of Ps-1 and II-2 proteins in unstimulated saliva were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Subjects rated PROP bitterness after supplementation with Ps-1 and II-2, and two amino acids (L-Arg and L-Lys) whose interaction with PROP was demonstrated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. ANOVA showed that salivary levels of II-2 and Ps-1 proteins were higher in unstimulated saliva of PROP super-tasters and medium tasters than in non-tasters. Supplementation of Ps-1 protein in individuals lacking it in saliva enhanced their PROP bitter taste responsiveness, and this effect was specific to the non-taster group.1H-NMR results showed that the interaction between PROP and L-Arg is stronger than that involving L-Lys, and taste experiments confirmed that oral supplementation with these two amino acids increased PROP bitterness intensity, more for L-Arg than for L-Lys. These data suggest that Ps-1 protein facilitates PROP bitter taste perception and identifies a role for free L-Arg and L-Lys in PROP tasting.
Female Students and Achievement in Secondary School Mathematics

FEMALE STUDENTS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS by Barry P. Shildneck IV Achievement and the experiences of women in secondary school mathematics have been well documented in the research literature (e.g., Benbow & Stanley, 1980, 1983; Tartre & Fennema, 1995; Sherman, 1982; Ryckman & Peckham, 1987; Keller & Dauenheimer, 2003). With respect to achievement, the research literature primarily focuses on how women are deficient to men (e.g., Benbow & Stanley, 1980, 1983) and the roles affective attributes (e.g., Sherman, 1982; Fennema, Petersen, Carpenter & Lubinski, 1990) and stereotype threat (e.g., Quinn & Spencer, 2001; Steele & Aronson, 1995) have played in women’s deficiencies. Despite the perspective and nature of this research, there are, however, women who have achieved at extraordinarily high levels in the secondary mathematics classroom. It is important to examine this historical research as it has impacted the views of teachers, researchers, and media with regard to female mathematics students’ opportunities. By reflecting upon the research literature and its far reaching impacts, high-achieving women in mathematics can begin to reverse the perceptions that limit their opportunities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore, through the experiences and stories relayed by the study’s participants, how young women might negotiate the (historic all male) mathematics domain. Employing a qualitative research designed within a phenomenological framework and analyzed through a combination of postmodern and standpoint feminisms, I examined the stories of four undergraduate female students who were identified as being high-achieving in secondary school mathematics. These young women, by reflecting upon their secondary school experiences, and by reflecting upon their experiences within the context of the existing research literature, not only identified the aspects of their lives they felt had the greatest impact upon their opportunities but also examined their personal definitions of success and the impacts their gender had on their (socially defined) achievements within secondary school mathematics. INDEX WORDS: Achievement, Female Students, Gender, Phenomenology, Postmodern Feminism, Secondary School Mathematics, Standpoint Theory, Success FEMALE STUDENTS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS by Barry P. Shildneck IV
Implementing curriculum reform: insights into how Australian early childhood directors view professional development and learning

A range of studies has demonstrated that collaborative professional development and learning (PD&L) is effective in implementing curriculum reform. PD&L that is contextualised within a specific setting enables educators to explore new theoretical perspectives, review existing knowledge and beliefs, and examine their current practice. This article reports on an investigation of how Australian early childhood centre directors understand and lead PD&L during a major reform of curriculum. Qualitative analysis was undertaken drawing on orienting concepts from the literature. Analysis of data collected from two focus groups of early childhood centre directors shows the importance of the director as overall educational leader but suggests that distributing leadership supports PD&L. Although directors articulated belief in the value of collaborative professional learning, individualised, one-off, external professional development events remained a common strategy. Directors’ perceptions about managing curriculum reform, their understanding of leadership and PD&L, together with considerations of broader social and system influences such as organisational culture and structural arrangements are factors that contribute to professional learning. A model for a centre-based professional learning system is proposed.
Information and choice of subjects in the senior school

Abstract Selection of subjects for the final two years of secondary schooling is a task of vital importance for the adolescent. Data from 1,048 16-year-olds in Australia are reported. The findings suggest that many adolescents do not seek or do not access the information which is necessary for rational decision-making. Adolescents are, however, able to differentiate between information sources on the basis of their usefulness. Implications for career advisers are discussed.
Acoustic estimation of seafloor parameters: A radial basis functions approach

A novel approach to the estimation of seafloor geoacoustic parameters from the measurement of the acoustic field in the water column is introduced. The approach is based on the idea of approximating the inverse function that links the geoacoustic parameters with the measured field through a series expansion of radial basis functions. In particular, Gaussian basis functions are used in order to ensure continuity and smoothness of the approximated inverse. The main advantage of the proposed approach relies on the fact that the series expansion can be computed off‐line from simulated data as soon as the experimental configuration is known. Data inversion can then be performed in true real time as soon as the data are acquired. Simulation results are presented in order to show the advantages and limitations of the method. Finally, some inversion results from horizontal towed array data are reported, and are compared with independent estimates of geoacoustic bottom properties.
Unpacking Resilience for Adaptation: Incorporating Practitioners’ Experiences through a Transdisciplinary Approach to the Case of Drought in Chile

Current debate on the implementation of resilience in addressing climatic impacts calls for more pragmatic means of reducing losses. In this study we aimed to generate context-specific knowledge about resilience factors for addressing the impacts of drought, with the expectation that bringing forth experiential knowledge on how impacts were addressed in the past would shed light on what constitutes key resilience factors for practitioners working in urban contexts. The study was carried in three of the largest cities in Chile: Santiago, Concepcion, and Valdivia. The analytical framework consists of urban and regional resilience incorporating transdisciplinary approaches applying the Resilience-Wheel tool, combined with participatory methods for the co-production of knowledge and qualitative content analysis of documents and workshops. Results show that key determinants of building resilience to drought were: improving education and access to information, enhancing preparedness, promoting technology transfer, reinforcing organizational linkages and collaboration, decentralizing governance, and encouraging citizen participation. The Resilience-Wheel was useful for navigating the conceptual complexity and diversity of perspectives inherent among social actors. The transdisciplinary approach allowed us to co-produce key knowledge that can be applied to build resilience in future, through a bottom-up approach that bridges the science–policy interface.
Psychophysiological and Psychological Correlates of Dissociation in a Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the psychological and psychophysiological mechanisms that underlie dissociative experiences in dissociative disorders. A four-stage, personalized guided imagery methodology was used to recreate the psychological and psychophysiological responses associated with two dissociative episodes experienced by a 25 year old, single female diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder. The responses to these two dissociative episodes were compared with a stressful experience and an emotionally neutral event. The results demonstrated a reduction in psychophysiological arousal associated with the experience of dissociation during times of intense distress accompanied by relevant alterations in psychological response. It was concluded that the experience of dissociation served to protect this individual from extreme distress and, therefore, functioned as a protective mechanism.
What does our face mean to us

This study is a semantic analysis of metonymic and metaphoric expressions involving body-part terms for the face in Chinese. These expressions are discussed regarding four perceived roles of face, namely, as highlight of appearance and look, as indicator of emotion and character, as focus of interaction and relationship, and as locus of dignity and prestige. It is argued that the figurative extensions are based on some biological facts about our face: it is the most distinctive part on the interactive side of our body capable of revealing our inner states. Referring to English the study shows that the terms for the face in both languages have developed figurative meanings along similar routes with similar stops. It also shows that the concepts of ? face and facework? , admittedly ubiquitous in all cultures, are manifested more richly in Chinese than in English ? a reflection of cultural differences in values attached to those concepts. Finally, a hypothetical ? Triangle Model? is proposed to account for the relationship between language, culture, body, and cognition.
Interview Modality

Objectives:To contrast the costs and quality of data collected in person, by telephone, and by self-administered questionnaires in a sample of older persons. Methods: Data collected via interviews with 586 women are contrasted on four dimensions. Results:The cost of data collection was 25% to 30% lower for the self-administered mode than for other modes. Response rates were highest for the inperson interviewand lowest for the self-administered questionnaire. The rate of missing data was highest for the self-administered questionnaire. Significant differences in response effects were found across mode, with respondants to self-administered questionnaires profiling the poorest. Discussion:The costs and quality of data collected by various modes are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the physical and mental well-being of older people.
A turn-taking system for British news interviews

ABSTRACT The British news interview turn-taking system operates through a simple form of turn-type preallocation. This article shows that a large number of the systematic differences between the news interview and mundane conversation are a product of these constraints on the production of types of turns. It then explores the relationship of turn-type preallocation in news interviews to the background legal and institutional restrictions on British broadcast journalists. In so doing, it notes how the organisation of turn-taking in two other types of broadcast interview can differ from that in the news interview due to differences between the institutionalized footings that the interviewers are conventionally required to maintain within them. (Conversation analysis, mass communication, British speech, turn-taking systems, institutional talk)
Evidence that hyporheic zones increase heterotrophic metabolism and phosphorus uptake in forest streams

We used nondisruptive, whole‐stream methods to measure hydraulic characteristics, ecosystem metabolism, and phosphorus cycling in the west fork of Walker Branch (WB), Tennessee and in Hugh White Creek (HWC), North Carolina. Although similar in many of their hydrological and chemical characteristics, transient storage zone volume in HWC was relatively large (∼1.5 times that of the flowing water zone), whereas transient storage zone volume in WB was small (∼0.1 times that of the flowing water zone). Both streams were highly heterotrophic (gross primary production: total respiration ratios <0.1), although resppiration rate was ∼2.4 times greater in HWC than in WB. Phosphorus uptake rate was ∼2.6 times greater in HWC than in WB, and P uptake length was 5 times longer in WB than in HWC. Analysis of 33P : 3H ratio profiles from 33PO4 and 3H2O injection experiments indicated that P uptake within the transient storage zone accounted for ∼43% of the total P uptake in HWC but was negligible in WB, explaining, in part, the difference in total P uptake rate between these streams. The higher rate of P uptake in the surface zone, shorter P uptake length, and larger ratio of P uptake: respiration in HWC compared with WB suggest that the microbial community in HWC exerts a greater demand for and has a greater affinity for streamwater P, presumably as a result of a greater supply of labile organic matter and/or lower nutrient levels in HWC.
Compulsory Bisexuality?: The Challenges of Modern Sexual Fluidity

Although Adrienne Rich once posited that “compulsory heterosexuality” required women to identify as heterosexual to comply with implicit social norms, this study examined the possibility of compulsory bisexuality in light of increasing reports of heterosexual-identified women engaging in homoerotic behavior with other women, usually in front of men and in social settings like fraternity parties, bars and clubs. Forty qualitative interviews were conducted with women of diverse backgrounds to explore women's narratives about performative bisexuality. Although younger women reported more performative bisexual experiences in public, older women reported more pressure to perform as bisexual in private (e.g., pressure for group sex). Further, experiences with performative bisexuality did not consistently predict political attitudes that supported full civil rights for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer (LGBTQ) community, indicating a disconnect between behavior and attitudes. Implications of performative bisexuality as “compulsory,” as well as considerations about whether performative bisexuality indicates acceptance of bisexuality for women and/or exploitation of women's same-sex desires were explored.
Improvements of time-domain transmission waveform and eye diagram of serpentine delay line using guard trace stubs in stripline structure

The utilization of guard traces with two ground vias at both ends to improve the eye opening and jitter for serpentine delay lines has been investigated. However, it is not easy to accomplish using normal manufacturing technology nowadays because the position of the pad of grounded via is surrounded by serpentine trace. This is especially true in normal manufacturing technology, in which size of the via pad is larger. Therefore, this study proposes crosstalk noise reduction of the time-domain transmission (TDT) waveform and eye diagram of the serpentine delay line by guard trace stubs, i.e. the guard trace of one end is grounded via and the other is open-end, with stripline structure. The crosstalk reduced efficiency for using guard trace stubs is the same as when using guard traces on the time domain of the serpentine delay line. This is because, the open-end leads to the noise cancellation mechanism of the guard trace stub. Based on HSPICE simulation, it demonstrates that the utilization of the guard trace stubs can reduce the original TDT crosstalk level by more than 50%, thereby greatly improving the eye opening and jitter. Finally, this study also performs time-domain measurement to validate the proposed analyses.
Method to Reduce Muscle Fatigue During Transcutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Major Knee and Ankle Muscle Groups

Background. A critical limitation with transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation as a rehabilitative approach is the rapid onset of muscle fatigue during repeated contractions. We have developed a method called spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) to reduce muscle fatigue by distributing the center of electrical field over a wide area within a single stimulation site, using an array of surface electrodes. Objective. To extend the previous findings and to prove feasibility of the method by exploring the fatigue-reducing ability of SDSS for lower limb muscle groups in the able-bodied population, as well as in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. SDSS was delivered through 4 active electrodes applied to the knee extensors and flexors, plantarflexors, and dorsiflexors, sending a stimulation pulse to each electrode one after another with 90° phase shift between successive electrodes. Isometric ankle torque was measured during fatiguing stimulations using SDSS and conventional single active electrode stimulation lasting 2 minutes. Results. We demonstrated greater fatigue-reducing ability of SDSS compared with the conventional protocol, as revealed by larger values of fatigue index and/or torque peak mean in all muscles except knee flexors of able-bodied individuals, and in all muscles tested in individuals with SCI. Conclusions. Our study has revealed improvements in fatigue tolerance during transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation using SDSS, a stimulation strategy that alternates activation of subcompartments of muscles. The SDSS protocol can provide greater stimulation times with less decrement in mechanical output compared with the conventional protocol.
Interceptive side channel attack on AES-128 wireless communications for IoT applications

We propose wireless interceptive Side-Channel Attack (SCA) technique to reveal the 16-byte secret key of the AES-128 encryption algorithm in wireless communications, through Correlation Electromagnetic Analysis (CEMA) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The encrypted wireless communication link is established using two ATmega-processor based Arduino boards. There are two key features in our proposed interceptive SCA technique. First, we identify the sensitive modules, which emit significant EM signal (physical leakage information) of the ATmega processor during the encryption process. The significant EM signals are highly correlated with processed data to reveal the secret key. Second, we investigate the resistance of AES-128 encryption algorithm implementation on ATmega processor against CEMA based SCA. The wireless signal is intercepted and correlated with EM signals generated during the encryption process. Based on our experimental results, the correlated EM signals leak out at the three modules — FLASH memory, data bus and SRAM modules during the encryption process are 101.56 dBμV, 105.34 dBμV and 121.79 dBμV respectively. In addition, we perform the CEMA attacks on the AES-128 implementation on the ATmega processor and the secret key is successfully revealed at 20,000 EM traces.
Greater strengths of character and recovery from illness

How are character strengths related to recovery? A retrospective web-based study of 2087 adults found small but reliable associations between a history of physical illness and the character strengths of appreciation of beauty, bravery, curiosity, fairness, forgiveness, gratitude, humor, kindness, love of learning, and spirituality. A history of psychological disorder and the character strengths of appreciation of beauty, creativity, curiosity, gratitude, and love of learning were also associated. A history of problems was linked to decreased life satisfaction, but only among those who had not recovered. In the case of physical illness, less of a toll on life satisfaction was found among those with the character strengths of bravery, kindness, and humor, and in the case of psychological disorder, less of a toll on life satisfaction was found among those with the character strengths of appreciation of beauty and love of learning. We suggest that recovery from illness and disorder may benefit character. 'Tis an ill wind that blows no good. English proverb
Thermal non-equilibrium transport in colloids

A temperature gradient acts like an external field on colloidal suspensions and drives the solute particles to the cold or to the warm, depending on interfacial and solvent properties. We discuss different transport mechanisms for charged colloids, and how a thermal gradient gives rise to companion fields. Particular emphasis is put on the thermal response of the electrolyte solution: positive and negative ions diffuse along the temperature gradient and thus induce a thermoelectric field which in turn acts on the colloidal charges. Regarding polymers in organic solvents, the physical mechanism changes with decreasing molecular weight: high polymers are described in the framework of macroscopic hydrodynamics; for short chains and molecular mixtures of similar size, the Brownian motion of solute and solvent becomes important.