Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Euploid Line of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from a 43,XX,dup(9q),+12,-14,-15,-18,-21 Embryo

Aneuploid embryos diagnosed by FISH-based preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) have been shown to yield euploid lines of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with a relatively high frequency. Given that the diagnostic procedure is usually based on the analysis of 1–2 blastomeres of 5 to 10-cell cleavage-stage embryos, mosaicism has been a likely explanation for the phenomena. However, FISH-based PGS can have a significant rate of misdiagnosis, and therefore some of those lines may have been derived from euploid embryos misdiagnosed as aneuploid. More recently, coupling of trophectoderm (TE) biopsy at the blastocyst stage and array-CGH lead to a more informative form of PGS. Here we describe the establishment of a new line of hESCs from an embryo with a 43,XX,dup(9q),+12,-14,-15,-18,-21 chromosomal content based on array-CGH of TE biopsy. We show that, despite the complex chromosomal abnormality, the corresponding hESC line BR-6 is euploid (46,XX). Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that the embryo´s missing chromosomes were not duplicated in BR-6, suggesting the existence of extensive mosaicism in the TE lineage.
Genotypes of the MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G genes act independently to reduce migraine disability in response to vitamin supplementation

Background Migraine is a chronic disabling neurovascular condition that may in part be caused by endothelial and cerebrovascular disruption induced by hyperhomocysteinaemia. We have previously provided evidence indicating that reduction of homocysteine by vitamin supplementation can reduce the occurrence of migraine in women. The current study examined the genotypic effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene variants on the occurrence of migraine in response to vitamin supplementation. Methods This was a 6-month randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of daily vitamin B supplementation (B6, B9 and B12) on reduction of homocysteine and of the occurrence of migraine in 206 female patients diagnosed with migraine with aura. Results Vitamin supplementation significantly reduced homocysteine levels (P<0.001), severity of headache in migraine (P=0.017) and high migraine disability (P=0.022) in migraineurs compared with the placebo effect (P>0.1). When the vitamin-treated group was stratified by genotype, the C allele carriers of the MTHFR C677T variant showed a higher reduction in homocysteine levels (P<0.001), severity of pain in migraine (P=0.01) and percentage of high migraine disability (P=0.009) compared with those with the TT genotypes. Similarly, the A allele carriers of the MTRR A66G variants showed a higher level of reduction in homocysteine levels (P<0.001), severity of pain in migraine (P=0.002) and percentage of high migraine disability (P=0.006) compared with those with the GG genotypes. Genotypic analysis for both genes combined indicated that the treatment effect modification of the MTRR variant was independent of the MTHFR variant. Conclusion This provided further evidence that vitamin supplementation is effective in reducing migraine and also that both MTHFR and MTRR gene variants are acting independently to influence treatment response in female migraineurs.
The vocational situation in cases of memory deficits or younger‐onset dementia

The aim of the study was to describe how persons with memory deficits or younger-onset dementia perceived and met their problems, with particular reference to their present and future vocational situation, including describing the parallel observations and attitudes of other significant persons in the vocational context. Data were collected through 16 interviews, one with each of nine subjects and seven respondents from the subjects' work-places. All interviews were analysed with a comparative method, searching for themes. In addition, subjects' IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) ability and cognition were assessed. The findings demonstrated that the subjects themselves experienced extensive difficulties before their predicament was defined. The difficulties were met by spontaneous and planned strategies on the part of the subjects and by adaptations at the workplaces, but with limited success. The situation also profoundly affected fellow workers. Overall, both the subjects and the work-place respondents had a positive attitude to continued work as long as the subjects made useful contributions. The possibility of remaining in work seemed to depend on multiple factors, including the individual's apprehension of his or her own ability and the length of the sick-leave.
Stereographic measurement of orbital volume, a digital reproducible evaluation method

Background/Aims Up to date, no standardised reproducible orbital volume measurement method is available. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the accuracy of a new measurement method, which delineates the boundaries of orbital cavity three-dimensionally (3D). Methods In order to calculate the orbital volume from axial CT slice images of the patients, using our first described measurement method, the segmentation of the orbital cavity and the bony skull was performed using Amira 3D Analysis Software. The files were then imported into the Blender program. The stereographic skull model was aligned based on the Frankfurt horizontal plane and superposed according to defined anatomical reference points. The anterior sectional plane ran through the most posterior section of the lacrimal fossa and the farthest dorsal point of the anterior latero-orbital margin, which is positioned perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal plane. The volume of each orbital cavity was then determined automatically by the Blender program. Results The 10 consecutive subjects (5 female, 5 male) with mean age of 50.3±21.3 years were considered for analysis in the current study. The first investigator reported a mean orbital volume of 20.24±1.01 cm3 in the first and 20.25±1.03 cm3 in the second evaluation. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed an excellent intrarater agreement (ICC=0.997). Additionally, the second investigator detected a mean orbital volume of 20.20±1.08 cm3 in his assessment, in which an excellent inter-rater agreement was found in ICC (ICC=0.994). Conclusions This method provides a standardised and reproducible 3D approach to the measurement of the orbital volume.
Semantic Backpropagation for Designing Search Operators in Genetic Programming

In genetic programming, a search algorithm is expected to produce a program that achieves the desired final computation state (desired output). To reach that state, an executing program needs to traverse certain intermediate computation states. An evolutionary search process is expected to autonomously discover such states. This can be difficult for nontrivial tasks that require long programs to be solved. The semantic backpropagation algorithm proposed in this paper heuristically inverts the execution of evolving programs to determine the desired intermediate computation states. Two search operators, random desired operator and approximately geometric semantic crossover, use the intermediate states determined by semantic backpropagation to define subtasks of the original programming task, which are then solved using an exhaustive search. The operators outperform the standard genetic search operators and other semantic-aware operators when compared on a suite of symbolic regression and Boolean benchmarks. This result and additional analysis conducted in this paper indicate that semantic backpropagation helps evolution to identify the desired intermediate computation states and makes the search process more efficient.
Clinical Presentation of Cervical Myelopathy at C1–2 Level

Study Design Single-center retrospective study. Purpose To clarify the clinical features of cervical myelopathy at the C1–2 level. Overview of Literature Methods for distinguishing the affected level based on myelomere symptoms or dysfunction of the conducting pathway were established. However, no symptoms have been identified as being specific to the C1–2 level segment. Methods We evaluated 24 patients with cervical myelopathy due to spinal cord compression at the C1–2 level. Preoperative neurological assessment were investigated and compared with the rate and site of compression of the spinal cord using computed tomography-myelography. Results Impaired temperature and pain sensation were confirmed in 18 of the 24 patients with that localized to the upper arms (n=3), forearm (n=9), both (n=2), and whole body (n=4). Muscle weakness was observed in 18 patients, muscle weakness extended from the biceps brachii to the abductor digiti minimi in 10 patients, and in the whole body in 8 patients. Deep tendon reflexes were normal in 10 patients, whereas hyperactive deep tendon reflexes were noted in 14 patients. The rate of spinal cord compression was significantly higher in patients with perceptual dysfunction and muscle weakness compared with those with no dysfunction. However, no significant difference in the rate and site of compression was identified in those with dysfunction. Conclusions Perceptual dysfunction and muscle weakness localized to the upper limbs was observed in 58% and 42% of patients, respectively. Neurological abnormalities, such as perceptual dysfunction and muscle weakness, were visualized in patients with marked compression.
Feedback Requirements for Older Adult Learning: Do Cognitive Abilities Matter?

A century's worth of research has failed to identify the amount of feedback necessary to learn a new task (cf. (Schmidt & Bjork, 1992; Van Merrienboer & Sweller, 2005). Some argue less feedback is beneficial in acquisition as it provides conditions similar to those needed for retention (Schmidt & Bjork, 1992); others advocate more feedback will reduce the cognitive load of the learner thus freeing up the resources needed for learning (McLaughlin, 2007; McLaughlin, Rogers, & Fisk, 2006; Sweller, 1988). To test the model feedback requirements are determined by the cognitive resources of the learner and the demands imposed by the task (McLaughlin et al., 2006), a simple cue-based learning exercise was created. Cognitive resources was controlled for by using participants with documented declines in cognitive resources, older adults (Horn & Cattell, 1967; Salthouse & Babcock, 1991). Results indicated feedback requirements for a cue that drew from fluid abilities differed from a cue that drew from crystallized intelligence suggesting feedback requirements may be based on individual ability levels. Theoretical and applied contributions are also discussed.
A class act? Lecturers’ views on undergraduates’ employability

This article details the findings of a study into lecturers’ perceptions of undergraduate employability. The investigation employed interviews with the staff on a BA (Hons) in Education Studies course at a post-1992 university. The aim was to examine staff beliefs regarding their students’ potential employability in the business and finance sectors. The staff believed the degree offered students the opportunity to develop ‘transferable’ skills that could potentially make them employable in business and finance, thus helping the students develop ‘absolute’ employability. However, some interviewees also believed the students may encounter class-based disadvantages in the labour market with the result that aspects of the students’ ‘relative’ employability were beyond their capacity to intervene. In light of growing policy pressure upon higher education professionals to ‘deliver’ increasingly employability-driven curricula, it is concluded that further research is needed into staff perceptions of their roles and capacities within this area.
The Emergent Manager and Processes of Management Pre-Learning

Two contributions are offered to the study and understanding of management learning processes. First, the concept of the `emergent manager' is offered. At a simple level, this recognizes that people in managerial work do not suddenly `become' managers and that, once established in such work, they do not cease to learn and develop either as individuals or managerial workers. But the concept is also developed to encourage theoretical trends in the study of management learning which utilize newer thinking in both organizational theory and psychology to develop processual understandings of individual and organizational emergence-a process in which learning is a central component. Second, this style of analysis is applied to the study of a selection of managers in a diverse set of organizational situations and to the ways in which their `management learning' can be understood as beginning prior to their formally becoming managers. The extent to which management learning can be seen as an aspect of `learning about life' or `learning about self' is considered. Attention is then given to ways in which roots of management learning can be found in individuals' family experiences, school and leisure activities and pre-managerial occupational involvement. A distinction is offered between the ways the `pre-managers' learn about management and learn to manage in their non-managerial work experience.
Feature Extraction and Classification Methods for a Motor Task Brain Computer Interface: A Comparative Evaluation for Two Databases

A comparative evaluation is performed on two databases using three feature extraction techniques and five classification methods for a motor imagery paradigm based on Mu rhythm. In order to extract the features from electroencephalographic signals, three methods are proposed: independent component analysis, Itakura distance and phase synchronization. The last one consists of: phase locking value, phase lag index and weighted phase lag index. The classification of the extracted features is performed using linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance based on classifier, the k-nearest neighbors and support vector machine. The aim of this comparison is to evaluate which feature extraction method and which classifier is more appropriate in a motor brain computer interface paradigm. The results suggest that the effectiveness of the feature extraction method depends on the classification method used.
Chicana/Latina Testimonios on Effects and Responses to Microaggressions

Testimonio in educational research can reveal both the oppression that exists within educational institutions and the powerful efforts in which students of color 1 engage to challenge and transform those spaces. We utilize testimonio as a methodological approach to understand how undocumented and U.S.-born Chicana/Latina students experience the effects of and responses to a systemic, subtle, and cumulative form of racism, racist nativist microaggressions. We draw from critical race and Chicana feminist frameworks to understand the effects of microaggressions as embodied systemic oppression (Cruz, 2006; Moraga & Anzaldúa, 2002b). Our analysis reveals that the students engaged and created counterspaces within K-12 institutions that challenged oppression and sought to transform the educational spaces that marginalized them. Throughout these findings, we explore the process of conocimiento (Anzaldúa, 2002) that allowed the women to engage in reflection, healing, and celebration of their resiliency.
Group Resistance To Influence By a Conciliatory Member

Subjects were assigned as groups or individuals to the communicator role in a Prisoner's Dilemma in which a simulated individual was the recipient. Each subject was also given either a conciliatory, tough, or individualistic assignment by an "outside" group of constituents the subjects were to represent in the interaction. Individuals, charged either to be conciliatory or tough, were compared with three types of groups: all-conciliatory; conciliatory/tough, in which one group member was charged to be conciliatory and the others were charged to be tough; and conciliatory/ in dividualistic. The results showed that conciliatory individuals did carry out their assignment and were more cooperative in their behavior, promised cooperation more, threatened less, and were more conciliatory in free communication than were tough individuals. The all-conciliatory groups did not differ from conciliatory individuals. The conciliatory members of mixed groups, however, were not successful in moderating their fellows. The mixed groups were both less cooperative and less conciliatory in their communications than the all-conciliatory groups. The results are discussed in terms of the formidable opposition faced by a conciliatory minority and the high likelihood that groups in conflict will be tough, rather than conciliatory.
Failing Communication with Inmates: An Explorative Study of the Content of the Letters from the Correctional Services

An important part of the communication between the correctional authorities and convicted persons presupposes the ability to read and write. Reading skills among prisoners have been stated as a significant problem in a large number of studies. The written language in the Norwegian public sector has been reviewed in the last five years to improve language and decrease costs based on misunderstandings. The aim was to explore the prevalence and nature of reading problems associated to letters from the correctional service to the inmates. A cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire (n = 190) where all participants were convicted persons was used. The selection was consecutive over a period of six months. The response rate was 95%. Most inmates understood the letters (78%), but the rate of difficult words in the letter was described by 63%. The difficulties were correlated to the different security levels, giving more difficulties in the most restrictive placements. Letters responding to the participants’ applications were rated as more difficult. A significant proportion of the Norwegian convicted persons reported problems in understanding parts of the letters sent to them. The consequences were in some cases humiliating and might have potential of breaching the personal legal protection.
The Development of Charismatic Leaders

This paper explores the origins of leadership potential and motivation for leadership, primarily with regard to two types of leaders: personalized and socialized charismatic leaders. Bowlby's attachment theory (1969, 1973) provides a theoretical basis for determining an individual's potential to be in leadership positions. The "internal working model, "formed (according to Bowlby) in the course of attachment processes in infancy, has a considerable impact on self-perception, which may later affect the development of "ego resources" required for leadership. The motivation to be a leader is analyzed with the help of various psychodynamic concepts and models.
Assessing the Key Processes of Youth-Led Participatory Research

Youth-led Participatory Action Research (YPAR)—in which young people conduct research aimed at improving problems in their schools and communities—is increasing in public health, youth development, and education. We report on the development and psychometric testing of the YPAR Process Template (YPT)—to assess the quality of key YPAR processes in a systematic, flexible manner. Pairs of raters independently coded 40 live and videotaped observations. All scales achieved good to excellent interrater reliability with the exception of the power sharing over major decisions scale, which had interrater reliability in the acceptable range. This instrument can be useful for a range of settings practicing YPAR and similar youth empowerment programs. We further report findings generated by YPT assessments that demonstrate that power sharing was a robust predictor of observed youth engagement in the YPAR classes after controlling for the classes’ baseline level of engagement.
Foster carer experience in Spain: Analysis of the vulnerabilities of a permanent model.

BACKGROUND The voice of foster families is a valuable tool in the development and improvement of foster family services. Regularly evaluating the satisfaction of foster carers can facilitate the early identification of a range of problems that might pose a risk to the placement. METHOD This article reports the experience of 200 Spanish foster families (kinship and non-kinship) with foster services in relation to motivation for becoming foster carers, sources of stress and reward, satisfaction with the services and needs. Semi-structured interviews were performed. The aims of the research are principally of a descriptive character, so each group of variables was examined using frequency analysis. RESULTS The foster carers interviewed demonstrated a high degree of satisfaction with the foster programs, although some areas seem more problematic, such as financial compensation, information provided about the fostered child, contact with the birth family and the sensitivity of professionals. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals several differences with regard to international literature, that are related to particularities of the Spanish child care system. The results may be extremely useful for the implementation of policy changes which could contribute to raised levels of satisfaction for the foster carers, and increased effectiveness of the programs.
The Effects of Goal Setting and Self-Instruction Training on the Performance of Unionized Employees

This study assesses the effectiveness of goal setting, goal setting plus training in self-instruction, and being urged to do one's best on the performance of unionized employees (n = 32). The ability of managers, peers and self to observe changes in employee performance was also assessed. Appraisals were made prior to and 10 weeks following three interventions. ANCOVA indicated that employees who set specific, difficult goals had significantly higher performance than those in the doing one's best and those doing goal setting plus self-instruction. Moreover, self-efficacy correlated positively with subsequent performance. Employee satisfaction with the performance appraisal process was high across the three conditions. Peers provided better data for assessing the effect of an intervention than self or managers.