Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Downhole variation of lithium and oxygen isotopic compositions of oceanic crust at East Pacific Rise, ODP Site 1256

Bulk rock lithium and oxygen isotope compositions from ODP Site 1256 were analyzed to investigate the seawater circulation in the upper oceanic crust formed at the East Pacific Rise (EPR). The upper extrusive basalts have δ18O values from +6.1‰ to +9.2‰, reflecting alteration of oceanic crust by seawater at low temperatures (<200–250°C). Bulk rocks from the sheeted dike complex and plutonic section have overall lower δ18O values (+3.0‰–+5.5‰). In the sheeted dike complex bulk rock δ18O values gradually decrease with depth, and then increase toward the fresh MORB δ18O value after reaching a minimum of +3.0‰ at ∼1350 m below seafloor (mbsf). The entire sampled crust is dominated by rocks with low lithium contents relative to fresh MORBs except for a few localized Li enrichment. The upper volcanic zone is characterized by a spread of δ7Li from low to high values relative to average unaltered MORB values (δ7Li = +3.4 ± 1.4‰). The presence of rocks with low δ7Li values in the upper crust most likely indicates zones of upwelling of relatively hot (∼200–250°C) hydrothermal fluids. In the sheeted dike complex, bulk rock δ7Li values show wide range of variation, but exhibit a general trend from enriched to depleted values at ∼1280 mbsf and then return to that for fresh MORB within the upper tens of meters of the plutonic section at the bottom of the after reaching a minimum at ∼1350 mbsf (δ7Li = −1.6‰). The downhole pattern of δ7Li principally reflects variations in water‐rock ratio (w/r) together with a downhole increase of temperature. Seawater flow in the upper volcanic zone is likely to be channeled with generally small but variable w/r ratios. The w/r ratios increase rapidly with depth in the lower volcanic section into the sheeted dike complex indicating water dominated pervasive hydrothermal flow due to intensive upwelling of hydrothermal fluids.
Suppression of FoxO1 Activity by Long-Chain Fatty Acyl Analogs

OBJECTIVE Overactivity of the Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 promotes diabetic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and acute-phase response, whereas suppression of FoxO1 activity by insulin may alleviate diabetes. The reported efficacy of long-chain fatty acyl (LCFA) analogs of the MEDICA series in activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and in treating animal models of diabesity may indicate suppression of FoxO1 activity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory efficacy of a MEDICA analog has been verified in guinea pig and in human C-reactive protein (hCRP) transgenic mice, respectively. Suppression of FoxO1 transcriptional activity has been verified in the context of FoxO1- and STAT3-responsive genes and compared with suppression of FoxO1 activity by insulin and metformin. RESULTS Treatment with MEDICA analog resulted in total body sensitization to insulin, suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced hCRP and interleukin-6–induced acute phase reactants and robust decrease in FoxO1 transcriptional activity and in coactivation of STAT3. Suppression of FoxO1 activity was accounted for by its nuclear export by MEDICA-activated AMPK, complemented by inhibition of nuclear FoxO1 transcriptional activity by MEDICA-induced C/EBPβ isoforms. Similarly, insulin treatment resulted in nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and further suppression of its nuclear activity by insulin-induced C/EBPβ isoforms. In contrast, FoxO1 suppression by metformin was essentially accounted for by its nuclear export by metformin-activated AMPK. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of FoxO1 activity by MEDICA analogs may partly account for their antidiabetic anti-inflammatory efficacy. FoxO1 suppression by LCFA analogs may provide a molecular rational for the beneficial efficacy of carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diets in treating diabetes.
Geometric Separation using a Wavelet-Shearlet Dictionary

Astronomical images of galaxies can be modeled as a superposition of pointlike and curvelike structures. Astronomers typically face the problem of extracting those components as accurate as possible. Although this problem seems unsolvable – as there are two unknowns for every datum – suggestive empirical results have been achieved by employing a dictionary consisting of wavelets and curvelets combined with `1 minimization techniques. In this paper we present a theoretical analysis in a model problem showing that accurate geometric separation can be achieved by `1 minimization. We introduce the notions of cluster coherence and clustered sparse objects as a machinery to show that the underdetermined system of equations can be stably solved by `1 minimization. We prove that not only a radial wavelet-curvelet dictionary achieves nearly-perfect separation at all sufficiently fine scales, but, in particular, also an orthonormal wavelet-shearlet dictionary, thereby proposing this dictionary as an interesting alternative for geometric separation of pointlike and curvelike structures. To derive this final result we show that curvelets and shearlets are sparsity equivalent in the sense of a finite p-norm (0 < p ≤ 1) of the cross-Grammian matrix.
Cost of delayed childbearing

Aims: To determine the relation between lower airway infection and inflammation, respiratory symptoms, and lung function in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A prospective study of children with CF aged younger than 3 years, diagnosed by a newborn screening programme. All were clinically stable and had testing as outpatients. Subjects underwent bronchial lavage (BL) and lung function testing by the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique under general anaesthesia. BL fluid was cultured and analysed for neutrophil count, interleukin 8, and neutrophil elastase. Lung function was assessed by forced expiratory volume in 0.5, 0.75, and 1 second. Results: Thirty six children with CF were tested on 54 occasions. Lower airway infection shown by BL was associated with a 10% reduction in FEV0.5 compared with subjects without infection. No relation was identified between airway inflammation and lung function. Daily moist cough within the week before testing was reported on 20/54 occasions, but in only seven (35%) was infection detected. Independent of either infection status or airway inflammation, those with daily cough had lower lung function than those without respiratory symptoms at the time of BL (mean adjusted FEV0.5 195 ml and 236 ml respectively). Conclusions: In young children with CF, both respiratory symptoms and airway infection have independent, additive effects on lung function, unrelated to airway inflammation. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of airway obstruction in these young patients.
Comment: Scientific inquiry and fish stock assessment in the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Contrary to the argument of Hutchings et al. (1997), DFO invited independent examination of the assessment of the northern cod stock and followed the advice of the Independent review of the state of the northern cod stock. Rather than suppressing information about the importance of high fishing mortalities in the decline of Atlantic groundfish, DFO stock status reports have highlighted its importance. DFO encouraged staff with a wide range of views to testify at the major BCUC inquiry. DFO's peer review system for stock assessments involves external reviewers who see the data and know the conclusions reached before DFO managers. We consider that the peer review process in place for Canadian fish stock assessments is as good or better than other systems in use elsewhere in the world.
The impact of code review coverage and code review participation on software quality: a case study of the qt, VTK, and ITK projects

Software code review, i.e., the practice of having third-party team members critique changes to a software system, is a well-established best practice in both open source and proprietary software domains. Prior work has shown that the formal code inspections of the past tend to improve the quality of software delivered by students and small teams. However, the formal code inspection process mandates strict review criteria (e.g., in-person meetings and reviewer checklists) to ensure a base level of review quality, while the modern, lightweight code reviewing process does not. Although recent work explores the modern code review process qualitatively, little research quantitatively explores the relationship between properties of the modern code review process and software quality. Hence, in this paper, we study the relationship between software quality and: (1) code review coverage, i.e., the proportion of changes that have been code reviewed, and (2) code review participation, i.e., the degree of reviewer involvement in the code review process. Through a case study of the Qt, VTK, and ITK projects, we find that both code review coverage and participation share a significant link with software quality. Low code review coverage and participation are estimated to produce components with up to two and five additional post-release defects respectively. Our results empirically confirm the intuition that poorly reviewed code has a negative impact on software quality in large systems using modern reviewing tools.
Corrosion Behaviour of Steels in Nigerian Food Processing Environments

The corrosion of mild steel (uncoated), galvanized steel and stainless steel (304L) have been studied using the weight loss method over a period of 98 days with measurements made at 14 days’ interval in ground melon (locally called egusi), cassava pulp, mashed palm fruit, tomato pulp, and black-eyed bean pulp respectively. The results obtained show that the average corrosion rates of 304 stainless steel, galvanized steel and mild steel are in ground melon (1.98 x 10-3, 1.81 x 10-2, 2.65 x 10-2) mpy; in cassava pulp (3.68 x 10-3, 7.09 x 10-1, 5.64 x 10-1) mpy; in mashed palm-fruit (4.75 x 10-3, 2.38 x 10-1, 2.83 x10-3) mpy ; in bean pulp (3.07 x 10-3, 9.25 x 10-1, 1.16) mpy; and in tomato pulp (5.46 x 10-3, 6.99 x 10-1, 7.83 x 10-2) mpy respectively. Normalizing these corrosion rates data with respect to that of stainless steel in each environment showed that in ground melon galvanized steel and mild steel had corrosion rates 91.41 and 13.38 times that of stainless steel; in cassava pulp 183.68 and 148.11 times; in mashed palm-fruit 50.08 and 58.58 times; in bean pulp 301.3 and 377.85 times; and in tomato pulp 128.2 and 14.34 times respectively. Presentation of the average corrosion rate and average specific weight loss of mild steel and galvanized steel, relative to that of stainless steel enables an easier assessment of the corrosion resistance of these substitute steels, which is envisaged will be of immense benefit to the local food and quality regulatory agencies and food processing equipment fabricators. It is our desire that these results provide the scientific community with a relatively long term corrosion data on Nigerian food processing media. @JASEM
Epidemiology of Taenia solium in Nepal: is it influenced by the social characteristics of the population and the presence of Taenia asiatica?

The transmission of the zoonotic pork tapeworms Taenia solium and T. asiatica depends on a combination of specific risk factors, such as open defecation, backyard pig raising and the consumption of raw or undercooked pork and viscera. A community‐based survey was conducted among 289 households in south–eastern Nepal to study the heterogeneity of these risk factor frequencies as a function of the social composition of the population. The frequency of open defecation, backyard pig raising and pork consumption differed significantly (P < 0.005) among the different coexisting caste and ethnic groups. In the same survey, the taeniosis prevalence was examined among the different groups. Tapeworm carriers were identified at a high prevalence among the Dum, one of the most disadvantaged communities of Nepal. A PCR‐RFLP assay revealed that all collected tapeworm specimens were T. asiatica, a species thus far not known to occur in South Asia. These results can help to understand the epidemiology of T. solium in Nepal, which appears to be more complex than thought so far.
Anisotropic in vitro vessel model using poly(vinyl alcohol) hydro gel and mesh material

In the present study, the authors fabricated straight multilayer hybrid tubular in vitro vessel models (inner diameter Din = 10 mm; thickness T = 4 mm) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) and anisotropic mesh materials. The authors performed tensile, stress-relaxation and cyclic-tensile tests using axial and circumferential test pieces as well as pressure-diameter (P-D) tests using tubular test piece. In the tensile and stress-relaxation tests, the anisotropic and nonlinear mechanical properties and hysteresis characteristic of the in vitro models were confirmed. The in vitro models also showed behavior qualitatively similar to that of native arteries in cycle-tensile and P-D tests. These results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of native vessels can be duplicated in an in vitro model by controlling the components of the mesh material, the orientation of elastic fibers in the mesh material, and the concentration and thickness of PVA-H layers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Mitochondrial genome of Protobothrops dabieshanensis (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae)

Abstract Protobothrops dabieshanensis is new species snake which is only distributed in Dabie Mountain of Anhui China at present. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. dabieshanensis (AHU 2013-EE-Hp01) had been determined. The circle genome with the 17,193 bp total length contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 control regions. Overall base composition of the complete mtDNA was 33.20% A, 25.13% T, 29.22% C and 12.45% G. All the genes in P. dabieshanensis were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand.
Acoustic, electroglottographic and paralinguistic analyses of “rikimi” in expressive speech

“Rikimi” is a “pressed-type” voice quality that appears in Japanese conversational speech for expressing paralinguistic information related to emotional or attitudinal behaviors of the speaker. We conducted acoustic, electroglottographic (EGG) and paralinguistic analyses on speech segments including “rikimi”, extracted from spontaneous dialogue speech data. “Rikimi” may be accompanied by several voice qualities (such as creaky or harsh), but vocal fold vibratory pattern analyses based on the EGG signals indicated that a common feature was found in the relation between overall open and closed intervals, in comparison to non-“rikimi” segments. Spectral analyses show that parameters related with spectral tilt are effective to identify part of the “rikimi” segments, but fail when vowels are nasalized. F0 contour analysis showed that a dip occurs during “rikimi” segments, but a change in voice quality is prominently perceived rather than a change in the intonational curve. Linguistic contents are also found to influence the perception of “rikimi” in the conveyance of paralinguistic information.
Rehabilitation therapies for older clients of the Ontario home care system: regional variation and client-level predictors of service provision

Abstract Purpose: To examine regional variation in service provision and identify the client characteristics associated with occupational therapy (OT) and physiotherapy (PT) services for older adults in the Ontario Home Care System. Methods: Secondary analyses of a provincial database containing comprehensive assessments (RAI-HC) linked with service utilization data from every older long-stay home care client in the system between 2005 and 2010 (n = 299 262). Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to model the dependent variables of OT and PT service use within 90 d of the initial assessment. Results: Regional differences accounted for 9% of the variation in PT service provision and 20% of OT service provision. After controlling for the differences across regions, the most powerful predictors of service provision were identified for both OT and PT. The most highly associated client characteristics related to PT service provision were hip fracture, impairments in activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, cerebrovascular accidents, and cognitive impairment. For OT, hazards in the home environment was the most powerful predictor of future service provision. Conclusions: Where a client lived was an important determinant of service provision in Ontario, raising the possibility of inequities in access to rehabilitation services. Health care planners and policy makers should review current practices and make adjustments to meet the increasing and changing needs for rehabilitation therapies of the aging population. Implications for Rehabilitation For older adults in home care, the goal of rehabilitation therapy services is to allow individuals to maintain or improve physical functioning, quality of life and overall independence while living within their community. Previous research has demonstrated that a large proportion of home care clients specifically identified as having rehabilitation potential do not receive it. This article used clinical assessment data to identify the predictors of and barriers to rehabilitation services for older adults in the Ontario Home Care System. Barriers of PT included dementia diagnosis and French as a first language. Barriers to OT included dementia diagnosis. Policies and practices related to service provision for older adults should be reconsidered if we are going to meet the demands of aging populations and increasing rates of functional and cognitive impairments.
Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of TP347H Austenitic Stainless Steels at Room Temperature

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed with different strain amplitudes from 0.4% to 1.2% at room temperature (RT) to investigate fatigue life and fracture morphology of TP347H austenitic stainless steels. The results show that there is initial cyclic hardening for a few cycles, followed by continuous softening until fatigue failure at all strain amplitudes in stress response curves. The fatigue life of the steels follows the strain-life Coffin-Manson law. Fracture morphology shows that fatigue cracks initiate from the specimen free surface instead of the interior of the specimen, and ductile fracture appears during LCF loading. More sites of crack initiation and quicker propagation rate of fatigue crack at high strain amplitudes than those at low strain amplitudes are responsible for reduced fatigue life with the increasing of strain amplitude.
Planar Graph Coloring with an Uncooperative Partner

We show that the game chromatic number of a planar graph is at most 33. More generally, there exists a function f: f\l --+ f\l so that for each n E f\l. if a graph does not contain a homeomorph of Kn• then its game chromatic number is at most f(n). In particular, the game chromatic number of a graph is bounded in terms of its genus. Our proof is motivated by the concept of p-arrangeability, which was first introduced by Guantao and Schelp in a Ramsey theoretic setting. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coloring Signed Graphs

This survey paper provides an introduction to signed graphs, focusing on coloring. We shall introduce the concept of signed graphs, a proper coloring, and basic properties, such as a balanced graph and switchings. We will examine the chromatic number for six special signed graphs, upper bound the chromatic number, and discuss practical applications of signed graphs.
Graphs, Links, and Duality on Surfaces

We introduce a polynomial invariant of graphs on surfaces, PG, generalizing the classical Tutte polynomial. Topological duality on surfaces gives rise to a natural duality result for PG, analogous to the duality for the Tutte polynomial of planar graphs. This property is important from the perspective of statistical mechanics, where the Tutte polynomial is known as the partition function of the Potts model. For ribbon graphs, PG specializes to the well-known Bollobás–Riordan polynomial, and in fact the two polynomials carry equivalent information in this context. Duality is also established for a multivariate version of the polynomial PG. We then consider a 2-variable version of the Jones polynomial for links in thickened surfaces, taking into account homological information on the surface. An analogue of Thistlethwaite's theorem is established for these generalized Jones and Tutte polynomials for virtual links.
Effect of drying temperature on the nutritional quality of Moringa oleifera leaves

Moringa oleifera leaves are generally consumed in the dry powdered form. Therefore, this research was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the nutritional quality of M. oleifera leaves powder. The leaves were dried under the shade at 30°C for two weeks and in the oven at temperature range from 40 to 70°C for 2 h. The results show that temperature affects nutrient composition of the leaf powder. As the drying temperature increased, crude protein decreased significantly (p≤0.05). The samples from shade drying had protein content value of 28.44 g/100 g, while samples those dried at 70°C had 19.89 g/100 g. Similar trends were observed for fat content which was 2.69 g/100 g for shade drying and 2.46 g/100 g at 70°C. The ash, fibre and carbohydrate contents of leaf powder increased with drying temperature. Samples from shade drying had 4.55, 16.33, and 32.75 g/100g for ash, fibre and carbohydrate respectively. However, the amounts of ash, fibre and carbohydrate increased significantly to 5.20, 17.66 and 52.30 g/100 g, respectively when dried at 70°C. The beta-carotene which is the precursor of vitamin A significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 5,220.20 mg/100 g in shade dried leaves to 4,946.20 mg/100 g in oven dried at 70 °C. Vitamin C content decreased slightly from 27.39 mg/100 g for shade dried to 25.70 mg/100 g, dried at 70°C. The minerals investigated generally showed significant increase with temperature. In general, the nutritional parameters of M. oleifera leaves dried in the shade varied closely with those dried in the oven at 40 and 50°C for 2 h. Key words: Moringa oleifera, drying, temperature effect, nutritional quality.