Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Character and cholinergic control of myoelectric activity in ovine duodenal bulb : relationships to adjacent regions

The distinctive motor activity of duodenal bulb is incompletely understood. Thus, in six conscious sheep the myoelectric activity of pyloric antrum, duodenal bulb and distal duodenum were continuously recorded in order to assess the myoelectric patterns of duodenal bulb and the relationships to adjacent regions before and after feeding or cholinergic drug administration. It was found that in duodenal bulb slow waves are not always absent. Two main types of the spike burst, of high and low amplitude, were detected. Duration of bulbar spike bursts was shorter than in pyloric antrum and longer than in distal duodenum. Unlike in pyloric antrum and distal duodenum these spike bursts arrived in duodenal bulb at irregular intervals. They participated in the formation of phases of migrating myoelectric complex, minute rhythm and feed pattern. Cholinergic antagonists completely blocked these spike bursts in duodenal bulb and in distal duodenum, but not in pyloric antrum. Low amplitude spike bursts arrived occasionally, and they were not inhibited by atropine administration. They were not observed following hexamethonium administration. It is concluded that the character of myoelectric activity in ovine duodenal bulb is distinct from that in pyloric antrum and distal duodenum and remaining partially independent, is fairly well correlated with neighbouring regions.
Trimming phase and birefringence errors in photosensitivity-locked planar optical circuits

A strong and stable photosensitivity response was permanently locked into hydrogen-loaded Mach-Zehnder planar waveguide circuits by 248-nm KrF-laser preirradiation. The photosensitivity enhancement survived thermal annealing up to 225 /spl deg/C. Post-laser trimming at 248 nm induced an unsaturated refractive index increase of 0.002, and a birefringence change of /spl utri/n /spl sim/ 0.0001. This combination of photosensitivity locking and post-laser tuning affords wide latitude for precise and stable tuning of waveguide phase errors and birefringence.
THE PHASE SPACE OF z ∼ 1.2 ?> SpARCS CLUSTERS: USING HERSCHEL TO PROBE DUST TEMPERATURE AS A FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND ACCRETION HISTORY

We present a five-band Herschel study (100–500 μm) of three galaxy clusters at z ∼ 1.2 ? > from the Spitzer Adaptation of the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey. With a sample of 120 spectroscopically confirmed cluster members, we investigate the role of environment on galaxy properties utilizing the projected cluster phase space (line-of-sight velocity versus clustercentric radius), which probes the time-averaged galaxy density to which a galaxy has been exposed. We divide cluster galaxies into phase-space bins of ( r / r 200 ) × ( Δ v / &sgr; v ) ? > , tracing a sequence of accretion histories in phase space. Stacking optically star-forming cluster members on the Herschel maps, we measure average infrared star formation rates, and, for the first time in high-redshift galaxy clusters, dust temperatures for dynamically distinct galaxy populations—namely, recent infalls and those that were accreted onto the cluster at an earlier epoch. Proceeding from the infalling to virialized (central) regions of phase space, we find a steady decrease in the specific star formation rate and increase in the stellar age of star-forming cluster galaxies. We perform a probability analysis to investigate all acceptable infrared spectral energy distributions within the full parameter space and measure a ∼ 4 &sgr; ? > drop in the average dust temperature of cluster galaxies in an intermediate phase-space bin, compared to an otherwise flat trend with phase space. We suggest one plausible quenching mechanism which may be consistent with these trends, invoking ram-pressure stripping of the warmer dust for galaxies within this intermediate accretion phase.
A longitudinal study of factors explaining attitude change towards gambling among adolescents

Background and aims No previous study has investigated changes in attitudes toward gambling from under legal gambling age to legal gambling age. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate attitudinal changes during this transition and to identify predictors of corresponding attitude change. Methods In all 1239 adolescents from a national representative sample participated in two survey waves (Wave 1; 17.5 years; Wave 2; 18.5 years). Results From Wave 1 to Wave 2 the sample became more acceptant toward gambling. A regression analysis showed that when controlling for attitudes toward gambling at Wave 1 males developed more acceptant attitudes than females. Neuroticism was inversely related to development of acceptant attitudes toward gambling from Wave 1 to Wave 2, whereas approval of gambling by close others at Wave 1 was positively associated with development of more acceptant attitudes. Continuous or increased participation in gambling was related to development of more acceptant attitudes from Wave 1 to Wave 2. Conclusions Attitudes toward gambling became more acceptant when reaching legal gambling age. Male gender, approval of gambling by close others and gambling participation predicted development of positive attitudes toward gambling whereas neuroticism was inversely related to development of positive attitudes toward gambling over time.
Numerical analysis on foam reaction injection molding of polyurethane, part B: Parametric study and real application

Foam reaction injection molding (FRIM) is a widely used process for manufacturing polyurethane foam with complex shapes. The modified theoretical model for polyurethane foam forming reaction during FRIM process was established in our previous work. In this study, using the modified model, parametric study for FRIM process was performed in order to optimize experimental conditions of FRIM process such as initial temperature of mold, thickness of mold, and injection amount of polymerizing mixture. In addition, we applied the modified model to real application of refrigerator cabinet to determine optimal manufacturing conditions for polyurethane FRIM process.
Population and Quantitative Health Sciences 2007-07-09 Position of the American Dietetic Association : total diet approach to communicating food and nutrition information

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that the total diet or overall pattern of food eaten is the most important focus of a healthful eating style. All foods can fit within this pattern, if consumed in moderation with appropriate portion size and combined with regular physical activity. The American Dietetic Association strives to communicate healthful eating messages to the public that emphasize a balance of foods, rather than any one food or meal. Public policies that support the total diet approach include the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, MyPyramid, the DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), Dietary Reference Intakes, and nutrition labeling. The value of a food should be determined within the context of the total diet because classifying foods as “good” or “bad” may foster unhealthful eating behaviors. Alternative approaches may be necessary in some health conditions. Eating practices are dynamic and influenced by many factors, including taste and food preferences, weight concerns, physiology, lifestyle, time challenges, economics, environment, attitudes and beliefs, social/cultural influences, media, food technology, and food product safety. To increase the effectiveness of nutrition education in promoting sensible food choices, food and nutrition professionals should utilize appropriate behavioral theory and evidence-based strategies. A focus on moderation and proportionality in the context of a healthful lifestyle, rather than specific nutrients or foods, can help reduce consumer confusion. Proactive, empowering, and practical messages that emphasize the total diet approach promote positive lifestyle changes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107: 1224-1232.
Overcoming Erlotinib Resistance in EGFR Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Survivin

Loss of PTEN was recently shown to contribute to resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in EGFR mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through activation of the protein kinase AKT. We previously showed that downregulation of the expression of the antiapoptotic protein survivin by EGFR–TKIs contributes to EGFR–TKI-induced apoptosis in EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC cells. We have now investigated the role of survivin expression in EGFR–TKI resistance induced by PTEN loss. The EGFR–TKI erlotinib did not affect survivin expression or induce apoptosis in EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC cells with PTEN loss. Downregulation of survivin either by transfection with a specific short interfering RNA or by exposure to the small-molecule survivin suppressor YM155 reversed erlotinib resistance in such cells in vitro. Furthermore, combination therapy with YM155 and erlotinib inhibited the growth of tumors formed by EGFR mutation–positive, PTEN-deficient NSCLC cells in nude mice to a greater extent than did treatment with either drug alone. These results thus indicate that persistent activation of signaling by the AKT–survivin pathway induced by PTEN loss underlies a mechanism of resistance to erlotinib-induced apoptosis in EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC. They further suggest that the targeting of survivin has the potential to overcome EGFR–TKI resistance in EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(1); 204–13. ©2011 AACR.
EmTaggeR: A Word Embedding Based Novel Method for Hashtag Recommendation on Twitter

The hashtag recommendation problem addresses recommending (suggesting) one or more hashtags to explicitly tag a post made on a given social network platform, based upon the content and context of the post. In this work, we propose a novel methodology for hashtag recommendation for microblog posts, specifically Twitter. The methodology, EmTaggeR, is built upon a training-testing framework that builds on the top of the concept of word embedding. The training phase comprises of learning word vectors associated with each hashtag, and deriving a word embedding for each hashtag. We provide two training procedures, one in which each hashtag is trained with a separate word embedding model applicable in the context of that hashtag, and another in which each hashtag obtains its embedding from a global context. The testing phase constitutes computing the average word embedding of the test post, and finding the similarity of this embedding with the known embeddings of the hashtags. The tweets that contain the most-similar hashtag are extracted, and all the hashtags that appear in these tweets are ranked in terms of embedding similarity scores. The top-K hashtags that appear in this ranked list, are recommended for the given test post. Our system produces F1 score of 50.83%, improving over the LDA baseline by around 6.53 times, outperforming the best-performing system known in the literature that provides a lift of 6.42 times. EmTaggeR is a fast, scalable and lightweight system, which makes it practical to deploy in real-life applications.
Universality for eigenvalue correlations from the modified Jacobi unitary ensemble

The eigenvalue correlations of random matrices from the Jacobi Unitary Ensemble have a known asymptotic behavior as their size tends to infinity. In the bulk of the spectrum the behavior is described in terms of the sine kernel, and at the edge in terms of the Bessel kernel. We will prove that this behavior persists for the Modified Jacobi Unitary Ensemble. This generalization of the Jacobi Unitary Ensemble is associated with the modified Jacobi weight w(x)=(1-x)^\alpha (1+x)^\beta h(x) where the extra factor h is assumed to be real analytic and strictly positive on [-1,1]. We use the connection with the orthogonal polynomials with respect to the modified Jacobi weight, and recent results on strong asymptotics derived by K.T-R McLaughlin, W. Van Assche and the authors.
Studies on Phosphorylation of Canine Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum by Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase

Two endogenous protein kinase activities, cAMP-dependent and calmodulin-Ca2+-dependent, are associated with isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles. Both klnases phosphorylate an endogenous substrate of ∼22,000 daltons (phospholamban). The phosphorylation of phospholamban by either the intrinsic or by exogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase is found to be Ca2+- independent between 0.06 and 100 pM free Ca2+. Calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation, on the other hand, does not require cAMP and is absolutely dependent on the presence of free Ca2+ over a concentration range that corresponds to physiological levels (10−T to 10−5 M). Phosphorylation of SR vesicles by both kinasee is additive and the extent of saturation of the cAMP-gpeciflc sites has no effect on the degree of stimulation by cahnodulin or its Ca2+-dependence. Trifluoperarine, an inhibitor of calmodulin, inhibitg cahnodulin-dependent phosphorylation without affecting cAMP-dependent phosphorylation, indicating the presence of two types of kinases. This is made further evident by the selectivity of each kinase for exogenous substrates. Whereas cAMP-dependent protein kinase appears to phosphorylate histone QA (a basic protein) preferentially, cabnodulin-dependent protein kinase prefers phosvitin (an acidic protein).
Renal Denervation: Ultima Ratio or Standard in Treatment-Resistant Hypertension

The term “ultima ratio” has multiple, though related, meanings. The motto “ultima ratio regum,” cast on the cannons of the French army of King Louis XIV, meant that war is the last argument of kings, that is, the one to be used after all diplomatic arguments have failed. Along similar lines, we propose that, given the current evidence, renal denervation should be used as a last resort, after state-of-the-art drug treatment optimized at expert centers failed to control blood pressure.
Text categorization using compression models

Summary form only given. Test categorization is the assignment of natural language texts to predefined categories based on their concept. The use of predefined categories implies a "supervised learning" approach to categorization, where already-classified articles which effectively define the categories are used as "training data" to build a model that can be used for classifying new articles that comprise "the data". Typical approaches extract features from articles and use the feature vectors as input to a machine learning scheme that learns how to classify articles. The features are generally words. It has often been observed that compression seems to provide a very promising alternative approach to categorization. The overall compression of an article with respect to different models can be compared to see which one it fits most closely. Such a scheme has several potential advantages: it yields an overall judgement on the document as a whole, rather than discarding information by pre-selecting features it avoids the messy and rather artificial problem of defining word boundaries; it deals uniformly with morphological variants of words; depending on the model (and its order), it can take account of phrasal effects that span word boundaries; it offers a uniform way of dealing with different types of documents for example, arbitrary files in a computer system; it generally minimizes arbitrary decisions that inevitably need to be taken to render any learning scheme practical.
Modulo-type Viterbi decoder for high-speed digital transmission systems

In this letter, we present a module-type Viterbi decoder (VD) which is a combination of module operation and VD at the receiver. We describe design rules by which the module-type VD and the conventional VD have the same functionality regardless of the shape of the folded-module area or the constellation. The module-type VD in conjunction with the Tomlinson-Harashima precoder at the transmitter reduces the system complexity significantly as compared to a conventional VD.
Abnormal cytogenetic clones in patients with aplastic anaemia: response to immunosuppressive therapy

We report the response to immunosuppressive therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporin or oxymetholone in 13 cases of aplastic anaemia (AA) with an abnormal cytogenetic clone detected at or sometime after diagnosis. Blood and bone marrow examination showed no distinctive morphological features of myelodysplasia (MDS) at diagnosis. Haematological response occurred promptly in eight cases; the remainder responded after additional immunosuppression with or without oxymetholone. Three patients had a late relapse of AA, treated successfully by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in one; the others responded to oxymetholone. Transformation to MDS or acute leukaemia was not observed after a median follow‐up of 4.1 years (range 1.2–11.2). In four patients the cytogenetic clone disappeared after treatment.
LUNA: Quantifying and Leveraging Uncertainty in Android Malware Analysis through Bayesian Machine Learning

Android's growing popularity seems to be hindered only by the amount of malware surfacing for this open platform. Machine learning algorithms have been successfully used for detecting the rapidly growing number of malware families appearing on a daily basis. Existing solutions along these lines, however, have a common limitation: they are all based on classical statistical inference and thus ignore the concept of uncertainty invariably involved in any prediction task. In this paper, we show that ignoring this uncertainty leads to incorrect classification of both benign and malicious apps. To reduce these errors, we utilize Bayesian machine learning – an alternative paradigm based on Bayesian statistical inference – which preserves the concept of uncertainty in all steps of calculation. We move from a black-box to a white-box approach to identify the effects different features (such as sensitive resource usage, declared activities, services and intent filters etc.) have on the classification status of an app. We show that incorporating uncertainty in the learning pipeline helps to reduce incorrect decisions, and significantly improves the accuracy of classification. We achieve a false positive rate of 0.2% compared to the previous best of 1%. We present sufficient details to allow the reader to reproduce our results through openly available probabilistic programming tools and to extend our techniques well beyond the boundaries of this paper.
Yoga for Asthma? A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Objective. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment option for asthma. Method. Seven databases were searched from their inception to October 2010. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomized clinical trials (NRCTs) were considered, if they investigated any type of yoga in patients with asthma. The selection of studies, data extraction, and validation were performed independently by two reviewers. Results. Six RCTs and one NRCT met the inclusion criteria. Their methodological quality was mostly poor. Three RCTs and one NRCT suggested that yoga leads to a significantly greater reduction in spirometric measures, airway hyperresponsivity, dose of histamine needed to provoke a 20% reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second, weekly number of asthma attacks, and need for drug treatment. Three RCTs showed no positive effects compared to various control interventions. Conclusions. The belief that yoga alleviates asthma is not supported by sound evidence. Further, more rigorous trials are warranted.
Role of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein in protein kinase A‐induced changes in endothelial junctional permeability

At sites of ongoing inflammation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, neutrophils) migrate across vascular endothelia, and such transmigration has the potential to disturb barrier properties and can result in intravascular fluid loss and edema. It was recently appreciated that endogenous pathways exist to dampen barrier disruption during such episodes and may provide an important anti‐inflammatory link. For example, during transmigration, PMN‐derived adenosine activates endothelial adenosine receptors and induces a cAMP‐dependent resealing of endothelial barrier function. In our study reported here, we sought to understand the link between cyclic nucleotide elevation and increased endothelial barrier function. Initial studies revealed that adenosine‐induced barrier function is tightly linked to activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Because PKA selectively phosphorylates serine and threonine residues, we screened zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) immunoprecipitates for the existence of such phosphorylated proteins as targets for barrier regulation. This analysis revealed a dominantly phosphorylated band at 50 kDa. Microsequencing identified this protein as vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an actin binding protein with multiple serine/threonine phosphorylation sites. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that VASP localizes to endothelial junctional complexes and colocalizes with ZO‐1, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecule‐1 (JAM‐1). To address the role of phospho‐VASP in regulation of barrier function, we generated a phosphospecific VASP antibody targeting the Ser157 residue phosphorylation site, the site preferred by PKA. Immunolocalization studies with this antibody revealed that upon PKA activation, phospho‐VASP appears at cell‐cell junctions. Transient transfection of truncated VASP fragments revealed a parallel increase in barrier function. Taken together, these studies reveal a central role for phospho‐VASP in the coordination of PKA‐regulated barrier function, such as occurs during episodes of inflammation.
Randomized trial of the cardioprotective agent ICRF-187 in pediatric sarcoma patients treated with doxorubicin.

PURPOSE We conducted an open-label, randomized trial to determine whether ICRF-187 would reduce doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in pediatric sarcoma patients. METHODS Thirty-eight patients were randomized to receive doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy (given as an intravenous bolus) with or without ICRF-187. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was monitored serially with multigated radionuclide angiography (MUGA) scan. The two groups were compared for incidence and degree of cardiotoxicity, response rates to four cycles of chemotherapy, event-free and overall survival, and incidence and severity of noncardiac toxicities. RESULTS Eighteen ICRF-187-treated and 15 control patients were assessable for cardiac toxicity. ICRF-187-treated patients were less likely to develop subclinical cardiotoxicity (22% v 67%, P < .01), had a smaller decline in LVEF per 100 mg/m2 of doxorubicin (1.0 v 2.7 percentage points, P = .02), and received a higher median cumulative dose of doxorubicin (410 v 310 mg/m2, P < .05) than did control patients. Objective response rates were identical in the two groups, with no significant differences seen in event-free or overall survival. ICRF-187-treated patients had a significantly higher incidence of transient grade 1 serum transaminase elevations and a trend toward increased hematologic toxicity. CONCLUSION ICRF-187 reduces the risk of developing short-term subclinical cardiotoxicity in pediatric sarcoma patients who receive up to 410 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. Response rates to chemotherapy, event-free and overall survival, and noncardiac toxicities appear to be unaffected by the use of ICRF-187. Additional clinical trials with larger numbers of patients are needed to determine if the short-term cardioprotection afforded by ICRF-187 will reduce the incidence of late cardiac complications in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.