Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SPEED OF ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING AND RETRIEVAL IN HUMANS AND NON-HUMAN PRIMATES

The conversion of a memory from an initially fragile state to an enduring representation requires cellular, molecular, and systems-level brain network changes. This reorganization is hypothesized to involve time-dependent neuroanatomical changes that may differentially support some types of remote versus recent memory, and may also influence the latency to decide and complete responses during retrieval. To quantify the timecourse of learning and retrieval after different retention durations, a paradigm is developed to measure in humans and monkeys the retrieval speed of visuomotor associations, which require an intact hippocampus for initial acquisition but not for retrieval after days or weeks. Two components of retrieval speed, a decision time to initiate movement and a velocity-dependent movement completion time to complete a motor response, are shown to change differently relative to a pre-retention baseline. Movement completion times decrease across repetitions within single learning session, and continue to decrease from the level reached at the end of learning following retention. Decision times also decrease within the learning session, but increase on the first post-retention retrieval attempt as a function of retention interval duration. Extensive practice is required for decision times to reach a level below that obtained at the end of learning, and the transition from a longto short-latency decision depends on the number and spacing of practice trials. The findings are discussed in a framework in which postretention processing time is influenced by the speed of visual identification, the time to
Childhood Sexual and Physical Abuse and Adult Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviour: A Literature Review

This article reviews the link between childhood sexual and/or physical abuse and adult self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempt from 1988 to 1998 in the clinical literature. Despite the methodological and definitional concerns, empirical studies have generally demonstrated more reports of self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviour in clinical and community populations of adults who report sexual and/or physical abuse in childhood than in comparison groups who do not report abuse. Implications for practice include the identification of populations at risk for self-harm or suicide and routine inquiry of abuse histories on admission. Further research into universal definitions of the key terms, standardized measurements of the variables, and longitudinal studies is required.
The insulin receptor translocates to the nucleus to regulate cell proliferation in liver

Insulin's metabolic effects in the liver are widely appreciated, but insulin's ability to act as a hepatic mitogen is less well understood. Because the insulin receptor (IR) can traffic to the nucleus, and Ca2+ signals within the nucleus regulate cell proliferation, we investigated whether insulin's mitogenic effects result from activation of Ca2+‐signaling pathways by IRs within the nucleus. Insulin‐induced increases in Ca2+ and cell proliferation depended upon clathrin‐ and caveolin‐dependent translocation of the IR to the nucleus, as well as upon formation of inositol 1,4,5,‐trisphosphate (InsP3) in the nucleus, whereas insulin's metabolic effects did not depend on either of these events. Moreover, liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy also depended upon the formation of InsP3 in the nucleus, but not the cytosol, whereas hepatic glucose metabolism was not affected by buffering InsP3 in the nucleus. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that insulin's mitogenic effects are mediated by a subpopulation of IRs that traffic to the nucleus to locally activate InsP3‐dependent Ca2+‐signaling pathways. The steps along this signaling pathway reveal a number of potential targets for therapeutic modulation of liver growth in health and disease. (Hepatology 2014;58:274–283)
The relationship between happiness, self-control and locus of control

Aim: The aim of this study was explored the relationship between happiness, self-control, and locus of control (LOC). Methods: Research method in this survey was descriptive and correlational. A sample of 200 college students ranging from 18 to 28 years of age was studied using cluster sampling method. To collect data, a use was made of three questionnaires included the Oxford Happiness Inventory, self-control scale of Nikmanesh [1] and Rotter's LOC. Data analysis involved multiple regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The results of this study indicated that, happiness is positively and significantly related to self-control. Furthermore, self-control was the strongest predictor for happiness. Conclusion: It was also suggested that self-control is positively and significantly related to LOC.
A heterophilic adhesion mechanism for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31)

The molecular nature of cell adhesion mediated by platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1; CD31) was examined using stably transfected L cells in a PECAM-dependent aggregation assay. This adhesion was temperature sensitive and divalent cation dependent, with Mg2+ supporting aggregation to a greater degree than Ca2+. PECAM- dependent aggregation was heterophilic: PECAM-1 transfectants bound as readily to control-transfected L cells as to other PECAM-1 transfectants, demonstrating that a molecule endogenously expressed on the L cells serves as the ligand for PECAM in this system and presumably substitutes for the natural human ligand.
Feline Sporotrichosis in the Southern Region of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil: Clinical, Zoonotic and Therapeutic Aspects

Clinical cases of feline sporotrichosis, originating in the Pelotas region and diagnosed at the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases (UFPel), were studied in the period from 2002 to 2006. The animals were evaluated according to the clinical forms of the mycosis, time of lesion appearance, severity of the clinical diagnosis and evolution of cutaneous lesions throughout the treatment period. Mycological analyses, carried out through direct examination, cultivation of tissue samples and exudates of feline lesions all confirmed the diagnosis of sporotrichosis in the 15 animals under study. The cutaneous dissemination form was observed in 10 animals, of which three showed prostration, anorexia and dehydration. The zoonosis occurred in 20% of case studies, and the pet owners and one attendant at a veterinary clinic were infected, developing the fixed and disseminated cutaneous forms. The treatment of mycosis was carried out with itraconazole, 10 mg kg−1, once a day, on 12 animals. The cure of the clinical symptoms was observed on 50% of the felines. This study demonstrates a good clinical response of felines with sporotrichosis, when they were treated itraconazole and calls the attention for the incidence of human sporotrichosis on people related to the veterinary activity as well as for pet owners.
Materials for a flora of Serbia from the herbarium collection PZZP (1)

In this article is presented the second part of data on selected new and noteworthy taxa for a flora of Serbia resulting from the ongoing process of examination and revision of the Herbarium collection of the Institute for Nature Conservation of the Vojvodina province (PZZP). These data are including 22 species, 14 subspecies, 1 variety, 1 form, 1 infraspecific taxon with indetermined taxonomical status [stat. indet. ] and one nothospecies belonging to 11 genera (Leontodon L., Lepidium L., Leucanthemella Tzvelev, Leucanthemum Mill., Leucojum Mill., Limonium Mill., Limosella L., Linaria Mill., Lindernia All., Linum L. and Scorzoneroides Moench). One subspecies (Linum capitatum subsp. serrulatum), one nothospecies (Linaria ×oligotricha) and 3 taxa on the different infraspecific levels are new for a flora of Serbia.
Harnessing Teacher Potential as Israel Education Curriculum Developers

In this article I investigate how one group of teachers deliberated about Israel education with the intention to “modify the myth” as they engaged in curriculum reform. I begin from the idea that curriculum development should be an in-house endeavor that encourages faculty to embrace their roles as curricular decision-makers. Participants readily shared insights and suggestions from personal experiences and practices and explored goal language for teaching a critical Israel. However, moving from individual reflection to practical decision-making proved complicated due to factors stemming from personal and professional identities, school structure and culture. I consider implications for harnessing teacher potential as Israel education curriculum developers.
Frequent and Simultaneous Epigenetic Inactivation of TP53 Pathway Genes in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Aberrant DNA methylation is one of the most frequent alterations in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Using methylation bead arrays we analyzed the methylation status of 807 genes implicated in cancer in a group of ALL samples at diagnosis (n = 48). We found that 154 genes were methylated in more than 10% of ALL samples. Interestingly, the expression of 13 genes implicated in the TP53 pathway was downregulated by hypermethylation. Direct or indirect activation of TP53 pathway with 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine, Curcumin or Nutlin-3 induced an increase in apoptosis of ALL cells. The results obtained with the initial group of 48 patients was validated retrospectively in a second cohort of 200 newly diagnosed ALL patients. Methylation of at least 1 of the 13 genes implicated in the TP53 pathway was observed in 78% of the patients, which significantly correlated with a higher relapse (p = 0.001) and mortality (p<0.001) rate being an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.006) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.005) in the multivariate analysis. All these findings indicate that TP53 pathway is altered by epigenetic mechanisms in the majority of ALL patients and correlates with prognosis. Treatments with compounds that may reverse the epigenetic abnormalities or activate directly the p53 pathway represent a new therapeutic alternative for patients with ALL.
Inhaled cromones for prolonged non-specific cough in children.

BACKGROUND Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology. It is commonly seen in paediatric practice. These children are treated with a variety of therapies including inhaled cromones. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of inhaled cromones in the management of prolonged non-specific cough in children. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register Collaboration and Cochrane Airways Group, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. Australian representative of the relevant pharmaceutical company was contacted. The latest searches were performed in October 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials comparing inhaled cromones with a placebo medication. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Results of searches were reviewed against pre-determined criteria for inclusion. No eligible trials were identified and thus no data were available for analysis. One single arm open trial in children and one small randomised controlled trial in adults were reported. MAIN RESULTS No randomised-controlled trials that examined the efficacy of inhaled cromones in the management of prolonged non-specific cough in children were found. In the non randomised trials above, a significant effect was seen within two weeks of therapy. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently an absence of evidence to support the routine use of inhaled cromones for symptomatic control of non-specific cough in children. Further research examining the effects of this intervention is needed.
Isolation of Functional Golgi-derived Vesicles with a Possible Role in Retrograde Transport

Secretory proteins enter the Golgi apparatus when transport vesicles fuse with the cis-side and exit in transport vesicles budding from the trans-side. Resident Golgi enzymes that have been transported in the cis-to-trans direction with the secretory flow must be recycled constantly by retrograde transport in the opposite direction. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of Golgi-derived transport vesicles that were isolated from tissue culture cells. We found that under the steady-state conditions of a living cell, a fraction of resident Golgi enzymes was found in vesicles that could be separated from cisternal membranes. These vesicles appeared to be depleted of secretory cargo. They were capable of binding to and fusion with isolated Golgi membranes, and after fusion their enzymatic contents most efficiently processed cargo that had just entered the Golgi apparatus. Those results indicate a possible role for these structures in recycling of Golgi enzymes in the Golgi stack.
Bmc Plant Biology an Extensive (co-)expression Analysis Tool for the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Background: Sequencing of the first plant genomes has revealed that cytochromes P450 have evolved to become the largest family of enzymes in secondary metabolism. The proportion of P450 enzymes with characterized biochemical function(s) is however very small. If P450 diversification mirrors evolution of chemical diversity, this points to an unexpectedly poor understanding of plant metabolism. We assumed that extensive analysis of gene expression might guide towards the function of P450 enzymes, and highlight overlooked aspects of plant metabolism.
Growth- and Breed-related Changes of Fetal Development in Cattle

Breed differences in adult animals are determined during fetal development. If interventions are to be developed that influence growth of muscle and fat, it is important to know at which time during gestation breed differences appear and are fixed. The objective of this study was to characterize fetal development in cattle of different breeds. Pregnant cows of 4 cattle breeds with different growth impetus and muscularity were slaughtered under normal processing conditions and the fetuses were removed. German Angus, a typical beef cattle; Galloway, a smaller, environmentally resistant beef type; Holstein Friesian, a dairy type; and Belgian Blue, an extreme type for muscle growth were used. Fetuses of each breed were investigated at 3, 6, and 9 mo of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and dissected into carcass, organs, and muscles. Body fat weight was obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method. Fetal weight increased most rapidly in the third trimester of gestation mainly due to the accelerated muscle and fat deposition. The organ weight to body weight (BW) ratios decreased and the muscle and fat weight to BW ratios increased. At 3 mo of gestation, Galloway fetuses had the significantly smallest BW, half-carcass weight, leg weight, organ weight, muscle weight and shortest leg length. In contrast, Holstein fetuses had the significantly greatest BW, liver, kidney, and lung weights and significantly longest leg length among the 4 breeds, but no differences between Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue were detected in half-carcass and leg weight. Indeed, Belgian Blue fetuses had the significantly greatest half-carcass weight, leg weight, and muscle weight at 9 mo of gestation, and Galloway had a significantly greater body fat to BW ratio than Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue. These differences were not evident at 3 and 6 mo of gestation. These data show that the profound increase of tissue and organ weights occurred in later gestation in cattle fetuses even though breed differences were evident as early as 3 mo of gestation. Depending on the tissue of interest, impacting fetal growth likely needs to occur early in gestation before the appearance of breed-specific differences.
Girls, gangs and violence: Assessing the evidence

Current evidence on girls and gangs in the UK is considerably hampered by a set of methodological issues. The first of these stems from the difficulties associated with defining what constitutes a ‘gang’ or being a ‘gang member. ’ A second set of issues arise from the fact that much of the qualitative research in this area is conducted by male adult researchers utilizing male gang members and adult practitioners as their source of information about females. The findings of such studies are challenged by research with girls and young women, which demonstrates that group involvement can be both rewarding and destructive for girls.
Knowledge About HIV/AIDS Among Secondary School Students

Background: HIV/AIDS has emerged as the single most formidable challenge to public health. School children of today are exposed to the risk of HIV/AIDS. Aims: The study was conducted to determine the knowledge among secondary school students regarding HIV/AIDS and provide suggestions for HIV/AIDS education in schools. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of tenth to twelfth standard in the intermediate schools of Lucknow, India, from July to October 2011. A total of 215 students, both boys and girls, were enrolled in the study. Results: In this study, for majority of the students (85%), the source of information about HIV/AIDS was the television. Regarding knowledge about modes of transmission of HIV/AIDS among girl students, 95.1% of them told that it is through unprotected sex. A total of 75.8% students said that it was transmitted from mother to child. Conclusion: It was observed that the knowledge of the school students was quite satisfactory for most of the variables like modes of transmission, including mother-to-child transmission of the disease. However, schools should come forward to design awareness campaigns for the benefit of the students.
Stimulation of phospholipase C‐β2 by the Rho GTPases Cdc42Hs and Rac1

Neutrophils contain a soluble guanine‐nucleotidebinding protein, made up of two components with molecular masses of 23 and 26 kDa, that mediates stimulation of phospholipase C‐β2 (PLCβ2). We have identified the two components of the stimulatory heterodimer by amino acid sequencing as a Rho GTPase and the Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor LyGDI. Using recombinant Rho GTPases and LyGDI, we demonstrate that PLCβ2 is stimulated by guanosine 5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) (GTP[S])‐activated Cdc42Hs×LyGDI, but not by RhoA×LyGDI. Stimulation of PLCβ2, which was also observed for GTP[S]‐activated recombinant Rac1, was independent of LyGDI, but required C‐terminal processing of Cdc42Hs/Rac1. Cdc42Hs/Rac1 also stimulated PLCβ2 in a system made up of purified recombinant proteins, suggesting that this function is mediated by direct protein–protein interaction. The Cdc42Hs mutants F37A and Y40C failed to stimulate PLCβ2, indicating that the Cdc42Hs effector site is involved in this interaction. The results identify PLCβ2 as a novel effector of the Rho GTPases Cdc42Hs and Rac1, and as the first mammalian effector directly regulated by both heterotrimeric and low‐molecular‐mass GTP‐binding proteins.
Smart grids and the constitution of solar electricity conduct

In the face of challenges of energy security, low carbon transitions and the replacement of aging infrastructure networks, new logics for the development of smart electricity systems are emerging amongst utility providers and public authorities. Whilst often portrayed as a technical matter, orchestrated through the top-down intervention of major corporate or government actors, such shifts in the system of electricity provision also entail efforts to fundamentally reconfigure relationships between providers and consumers, and rearticulate energy practices so that they are aligned to new governmental rationales. In this paper, we draw on theories of governmentality and social practice to consider the ways in which the smart grid is serving to constitute new forms of energy conduct, which in turn are vital to the ways in which smart grids are realised. Through the analysis of the first findings from an industry regulator–funded project in the north of England, we consider how and with what implications households that have installed solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies are fitting smart grid techniques and devices into their everyday practices. We argue that in contrast to households where solar PV has been regarded primarily as a device to deliver new flows of finance, the introduction of smart grid logics through the installation of in-home displays and hot water storage has served to rearticulate what ‘good’ electricity conduct entails and to reconfigure the ways in which energy-intensive practices are undertaken in households. We find these new forms of ‘governing the self’ to be critical in shaping how, and to what effect, the smart grid is taking root.
Coping with problems in social interaction in Asperger's Syndrome : an investigation of persons with higher education

Coping with Problems in Social Interaction in Asperger’s Syndrome: An Investigation of Persons with Higher Education Authors: Antti Korhonen, Mari Raappana Supervisors: professor Timo Ahonen, professor emeritus Antero Toskala MA thesis in psychology September 2006 University of Jyvaskyla 44 pages ______________________________________________________________________ This study investigated the social interaction problems of six persons with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) and higher education, and coping with the problems. There are very few previous studies on the subject. The significance of the participants’ strengths and of the diagnosis in coping with the problems was also examined. The data was collected by WAIS-III battery, self-report forms (RSE, CISS, WCQ) and thematic interview. According to WAIS battery, almost all participants were well above average in terms of their cognitive performance, with the verbal component being higher than the performance component in most cases. The participants had faced many problems in social interaction. Of these, communicational problems, problems in social situations and social relationships were central. The participants had found several strategies for coping with the problems. On the basis of the self-report forms, task-oriented/focused strategies were the most important strategy group. By and large, there were no differences in the relative use of strategies between the participants and comparison group. In addition to active, task-oriented/focused strategies, the interview data revealed strategies involving others, avoidanceand control-focused strategies as central strategy groups. Resources of thinking and general linguistic talents were important strengths. The effects of the diagnosis have been mainly positive, although some difficulties have also been encountered by the participants. Four of the six participants being female, this study sheds light on the situation of AS females, who are a minority in the AS population. Small sample size and the narrowness of the sample can be regarded as weaknesses. Further studies should include wider samples with participants functioning in different levels. The results can be applied to AS rehabilitation, especially to the assessment of coping strategies, adjustment training and AS peer groups.