Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender difference and age factor in Loneliness , Depression and Social Network effects of widowhood

Losing a spouse in later life is known to have profound effects on well-being and is an event which provokes important life changes. Widowhood often is accompanied by emotional distress, physical symptoms, compromised health behaviors, potentially disruptive residential relocations and economic strains triggered by both the direct costs of medical care and funeral arrangements at the end of a spouse’s life, as well as the loss of the spouse’s income. In the scenario of present day India with the advent of modernization; liberalization, competition and technological advancement the problems of widows have increased, which can lead to intense frustration amongst them, resulting in stress, depression and other forms of adaptive behavior if their patterns of reactions to frustration is not appropriate. The lower levels of loneliness are associated with marriage, higher education and higher income; whereas higher levels of loneliness are associated with living alone, infrequent contact with friends and family, physical health symptoms, small social network, lack of a spousal confidant, poor quality social relationships, and divorce and widowhood. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to investigate the loneliness, depression and social network of widowhood based on gender and age factors. Method: For the purpose the study which consists of 30 widows and 30 widowers from rural and urban areas of Hyderabad. The age range of the widows and widowers is 40yrs70yrs. The tools UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell, 1996; Lubben Social Network Scale by Lubben, 1988; and Hospital anxiety and depression scale by Zigmond & Snaith, 1983 were used in this study. The sampling was based on purposive sampling method. Results: The results shows that widowers are experiencing significant loneliness than widows and the other hand widows showing significant depression than widowers but no difference found on social network from both groups. It also suggested that older widows and widowers are experiencing significant loneliness and depression and lesser social network than younger age groups. A positive correlation was found between loneliness and social support and a negative correlation found between depression and social network.
Comparison in Religion: A Methodological Contribution

How do we build theory on religion in cross-religious research? This article deals with four methodological issues in answering this question. What are the goals of cross-religious comparison? What is the object of cross-religious research? What kind of definition of religion is used in cross-religious comparison? And finally, how can we asses similar phenomena across different religious traditions? The last question is specified by the distinction of levels of equivalence in quantitative cross-religious survey research.
The Repercussions of Emotional Abuse and Parenting Styles on Self-Esteem, Subjective Well-Being: A Retrospective Study with University Students in Brazil

This study verified the differences in the incidence of memory of emotional abuse among the different parenting styles in students from 18 to 30 years of age at a university in southern Brazil. The relationship between memory of emotional abuse and self-esteem, and subjective well-being was also examined. Students (n = 293) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, published scales measuring self-esteem, life satisfaction, parenting styles, and self-report questionnaires. Negative correlations were found between emotional abuse and self-esteem, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Positive correlations were found between emotional abuse, age, and negative affect. Memories of emotional abuse were significantly more frequent in students who reported being raised under negligent and authoritarian parenting styles than in those who were raised under the other parenting styles.
Concept Mapping as an Instructional Strategy for High School Biology

AbstractIn this study, concept mapping was assessed as an instructional strategy for use by high school students in learning biology concepts. Concept mapping, which requires learners to plot concepts and their interrelations in a meaningful organizational network, was compared with an established curriculum approach and tested in an interaction with learners of varying verbal ability. The design emphasized external validity. As hypothesized, concept mapping facilitated low-ability learners’ performance, but only on higher level, relational knowledge. The usefulness of the technique was discussed in terms of its ability to individualize and raise the quality of learning with little extra effort or resource costs to the instructional system.
Shell biofilm-associated nitrous oxide production in marine molluscs: processes, precursors and relative importance.

Emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2 O) from freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates has exclusively been ascribed to N2 O production by ingested denitrifying bacteria in the anoxic gut of the animals. Our study of marine molluscs now shows that also microbial biofilms on shell surfaces are important sites of N2 O production. The shell biofilms of Mytilus edulis, Littorina littorea and Hinia reticulata contributed 18-94% to the total animal-associated N2 O emission. Nitrification and denitrification were equally important sources of N2 O in shell biofilms as revealed by (15) N-stable isotope experiments with dissected shells. Microsensor measurements confirmed that both nitrification and denitrification can occur in shell biofilms due to a heterogeneous oxygen distribution. Accordingly, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were important drivers of N2 O production in the shell biofilm of the three mollusc species. Ammonium excretion by the animals was found to be sufficient to sustain N2 O production in the shell biofilm. Apparently, the animals provide a nutrient-enriched microenvironment that stimulates growth and N2 O production of the shell biofilm. This animal-induced stimulation was demonstrated in a long-term microcosm experiment with the snail H. reticulata, where shell biofilms exhibited the highest N2 O emission rates when the animal was still living inside the shell.
Amacrine cells of the rhesus monkey retina

Amacrine cells of the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, were studied in 38 retinas Golgi‐impregnated as whole, flat preparations. By using criteria of dendritic morphology, span of arborization, and level of arborization in the inner plexiform layer, 26 types of amacrine cell ranging in size of dendritic span from 30 μm to 2 mm were identified and listed in increasing size of dendritic span. In some instances, different cell types could be grouped together due to similar morphological features. For example, 1 group, “knotty amacrine cells,” has small cell bodies and a profusion of small, varicose, intertwined processes that span up to 30 μm and are essentially monostratified, but each of the 3 types ends in different strata. Another group is 2 types with about 20 fine radiating processes spanning 1 mm that possess some prominent varicosities. One of these has all of its processes terminating in the innermost stratum of the inner plexiform layer (“spidery”‐type 2 amacrine cells). The other with predominantly similarly ending processes has some that also terminate in the outermost stratum (“spidery”‐type 1 amacrines). These 2 cell types likely correspond to the type 1 and type 2 indolamine‐accumulating amacrine cells in rabbit retina. Other types are individuals which cannot be grouped together but resemble familiar types in cat retina (AII and A13). Other types can be correlated with their putative neurotransmitter (type 1 CA‐dopamine) or transmitter/drug receptor (“spiny”‐benzodiazepine receptor) phenotype. Many types as yet have no known correlate from other Golgi studies or clues as to transmitter or receptor phenotype. This study provides evidence for an unprecedented number of amacrine cell types in the primate retina. The similar morphologies of different types of amacrine cell types within a group suggest other common features within these groups such as neurotransmitter phenotype.
On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason

This brief note takes the form of challenging a number of assumptions and generalizations in the article by Bourdieu and Wacquant. It calls for the invention of a new vocabulary to address the issues which have arisen for intellectuals in the context of the loss in authority of once secure foundations of modern critical enterprise, and the increasing commodification of intellectual work. The tone of the note seeks to encourage a debate towards establishing a more fruitful agenda for understanding the complex relays between identity, power, governance, globalization, capitalism.
Association between the 5-HT1A receptor gene polymorphism (rs6295) and antidepressants: a meta-analysis

Previous studies have implicated 5-HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A) polymorphisms in the therapeutic response to antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. A functional HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism (rs6295) in the promoter region was found to be associated with antidepressant pharmacogenetics in different populations. However, inconsistent and inconclusive results have been obtained. In this study, we tested whether rs6295 genetic variants are related to antidepressant effects using a meta-analysis method. The relevant literature was acquired through deliberate searching and selection based on the established inclusion criteria for publications. A total of 10 articles were identified, all of which evaluated the HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant response. Dominant and recessive models were tested in the analyses, and the results revealed no association between the HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant response.
Type-IIB Killing spinors and calibrations

In this paper we derive the full set of differential equations and some algebraic relations for p-forms constructed from type IIB Killing spinors. These equations are valid for the most general type IIB supersymmetric backgrounds which have a non-zero NS-NS 3-form field strength, H, and non-zero R-R field strengths, G(1), G(3) and G(5). Our motivation is to use these equations to obtain generalised calibrations for branes in supersymmetric backgrounds. In particular, we consider giant gravitons in AdS5 × S5. These non-static branes have an interesting construction via holomorphic surfaces in 1,2 × 3. We construct the p-forms corresponding to these branes and show that they satisfy the correct differential equations. Moreover, we interpret the equations as calibration conditions and derive the calibration bound. We find that giant gravitons minimise ``energy minus momentum''.
Dynamic Surface Temperature Measurements in ICs

Measuring techniques of the die surface temperature in integrated circuits are reported as very appropriate for failure analysis, for thermal characterization, and for testing modern devices. The paper is arranged as a survey of techniques oriented towards measuring the temperature dynamics of the circuit surface and presenting and discussing both the merits and drawbacks of each technique with regard to the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of the measurements. Two methods are presented in detail: laser probing methods, based on interferometry and thermoreflectance, and embedded CMOS circuit sensors. For these techniques, the physical principles, the state of the art in figures of merit and some application examples are presented
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatment versus percutaneous coronary angioplasty in patients with intermediate coronary artery lesions.

BACKGROUND It is unclear if patients with intermediate coronary artery lesions (40-70% of diameter reduction) benefit from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as compared with pharmacological treatment. AIM To investigate whether PCI of intermediate coronary artery lesions may improve the outcome in this group of patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data of 232 symptomatic patients with intermediate coronary lesions. Hundred sixty five patients received only pharmacological treatment (group A) while 67 were treated with PCI with or without stent implantation (group B). Primary study endpoints were defined as follows: death (cardiac and non-cardiac), myocardial infarction, unstable angina, recurrent angina and coronary reintervention. Demographic and clinical variables were evaluated to identify predictors of the composite endpoint (exacerbation of angina, hospitalisation because of severe angina, restenosis in the intermediate coronary lesion, acute coronary syndrome and cardiac death). RESULTS In group A, patients were treated with typical pharmacotherapy including beta-blockers, Ca-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, and antiplatelet drugs. In group B, 68 PCI procedures were performed in 67 patients and optimal pharmacotherapy was administered. The average age of patients in both groups was 58.0 +/- 9.1 years and the majority were males (76%). Preinterventional coronary angiography showed that the intermediate lesions were most frequently localised in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery; the next most frequent localisation was the right coronary artery (RCA). During the 12-month follow-up in 9 (13%) patients from the group B repeated PCI due to restenosis was performed, while in group A intervention was necessary in 7 (4%) of patients due to aggravation of symptoms (p = 0.01). The cumulative probability of restenosis after PCI in intermediate coronary lesions was 14%. Recurrent angina was more frequent in group B as compared to group A (34 vs. 19%; p = 0.005). None of the patients in any group died during 12 months of follow-up. In patients with intermediate coronary lesions, the independent predictors of the composite study endpoint were: history of previous percutaneous coronary angioplasty, type 2 diabetes, persistent ST-segment elevation in 12-lead ECG, heart rhythm disturbances, presence of the intermediate lesion in the LAD, and left ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Patients with intermediate coronary artery stenoses could safely undergo pharmacological treatment and PCI may be postponed until aggravation of symptoms occurs. In the presence of predictors of the composite study endpoint, the use of intracoronary diagnostic methods may be considered to obtain more reliable and precise measurements of coronary stenosis severity.
Kyz ala kachuu and adat: non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract The position of Kyrgyz adat (traditional customary law) on the practice of non-consensual bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan has not been documented nor is there a consensus among the ethnic Kyrgyz on whether or not non-consensual bride kidnapping is a Kyrgyz ‘tradition’. This paper provides a review of the historical and ethnographic evidence regarding the frequency and appropriateness (according to Kyrgyz adat) of non-consensual bride kidnapping in traditional Kyrgyz society before the political, economic and social changes of the Soviet period. The evidence presented by this research discredits the widely held belief in Kyrgyzstan, that non-consensual kidnapping is a Kyrgyz adat tradition that was widely practiced with general social approval in ancient times. The information provided in this paper can be used by educators, legislators and the media to demonstrate that non-consensual kidnapping is not legitimated by pre-Soviet Kyrgyz adat tradition.
Depression in African American and White Women Convicted of a Felony Drug Offense

ABSTRACT Most women in the criminal justice system are drug-involved, and although African American women are disproportionately arrested, prosecuted, and convicted for drug-related offenses, little is known about their mental health. Depression is of particular concern, as it is highly comorbid with substance abuse and strongly associated with stressful life events, including discrimination. We studied factors associated with depression in 78 community-dwelling African American and White women previously convicted of a felony drug offense. Exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol dependency predicted depression in the sample as a whole, but individual predictors varied significantly by race. Notably, social support decreased risk depression for White women, but increased risk for African American women. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are addressed.
Sutureless aortic valve bioprothesis '3F/ATS Enable'--4.5 years of a single-centre experience.

BACKGROUND Management of patients with acquired heart malformations, including aortic valve disease, is still challenging. Due to ageing of population, patients undergoing valve surgery are older than in the past. The 3F Therapeutics, conducting a programme of construction of heart valves for transarterial or transapical implatation, prepared the 'Enable' bioprosthetic valve for sutureless insertion in the aortic position. The first world implantation was performed in our Department on 13 January 2005. AIM To present our experience, qualification criteria and methods of implantation of sutureless bioprosthesis of aortic valve 'Enable'. METHODS The 'Enable' valve is a tubular structure, tailored and sutured of equine pericardium, treated with glutaraldehyde, and mounted on an openwork Nitinol" alloy stent. It consists of two distal rings connected with three vertical sticks. The characteristic property of nitinol is thermoplaticity: due to refrigeration it becomes elastic and easy to bend, after rewarming returns to the initial dimensions and shape, remaining stable at the body temperature. Distension of the nitinol ring make possible strong mounting of the valve in aortic annulus. The examined group consised of 27 patients (16 males, 11 females), aged 60-78 years (average 69.5), with advanced aortic valve disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic gradient up to 102 mmHg. Exclusion criteria were: severe annular deformations or bicuspid aortic valve, other valves' malformations, coronary disease, severe other comorbidities or no agreement for 'Enable' valve implantation. The patients were operated using extracorporeal circulation, general moderate hypothermia and cold crystalloid cardioplegia. Care was taken to remove calcifications, estimate of aortic annulus geometry, valve size selection, and orientation of the valve toward coronary ostia The mounting time was approximately one min, and the aorta cross-clamp time was reduced to 26-56 min, mean 30 min. RESULTS There was no mortality in the perioperative period, and during 3 months to 4.5 years of follow-up. No severe complications were present after surgery. One patient needed reoperation on post operative day 4 due to severe perivalvular leak. One other patient presented discrete leak with no need for intervention. The clinical improvement of one to three NYHA classes was observed. Echocardiographic and MSCT examinations confirmed adequate position of the valves, no structural deteriorations, normal movement and coaptation of the leaflets. The average maximal transvalvular gradient was 11.6 mmHg and the mean gradient--6.8 mmHg, which remained stable during the follow-up period. No thromboembolic or infective complications were present. CONCLUSIONS (1) The 'Enable' aortic bioprosthetic valve has very good hemodynamic properties. (2) Self-expanding thermoplastic nitinol-made ring allows permanent stable mounting. (3) The quick fixation (about 1 min) significantly shortens the operation time. (4) The 'Enable' valve seems to be suitable for patients with increased periopertive risk.
Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism and Organ Protection

Primary aldosteronism is a frequent form of secondary hypertension that had long been considered relatively benign. Experimental and clinical evidence collected in the last two decades, however, has clearly demonstrated that this endocrine disorder is associated with excess cardiovascular and renal complications as compared to essential hypertension. These complications reflect the ability of inappropriate elevation of plasma aldosterone to cause tissue damage beyond that induced by high blood pressure itself, thereby setting the stage for major cardiovascular and renal disease. Because of the impact of elevated aldosterone on organ damage, goals of treatment in patients with primary aldosteronism should not be limited to normalization of blood pressure, and prevention or correction of organ complications is mandatory. Treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists or unilateral adrenalectomy is the respective options for treatment of idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia or aldosterone-producing adenoma. Last years have witnessed a rapid growth in knowledge concerning the effects of these treatments on cardiovascular and renal protection. This paper is an overview of the cardiovascular and renal complications that occur in patients with primary aldosteronism and a summary of the results that have been obtained in the long term on cardiovascular and renal outcomes with either medical or surgical treatment.
Naturalizing a Programming Language via Interactive Learning

Our goal is to create a convenient natural language interface for performing well-specified but complex actions such as analyzing data, manipulating text, and querying databases. However, existing natural language interfaces for such tasks are quite primitive compared to the power one wields with a programming language. To bridge this gap, we start with a core programming language and allow users to “naturalize” the core language incrementally by defining alternative, more natural syntax and increasingly complex concepts in terms of compositions of simpler ones. In a voxel world, we show that a community of users can simultaneously teach a common system a diverse language and use it to build hundreds of complex voxel structures. Over the course of three days, these users went from using only the core language to using the naturalized language in 85.9% of the last 10K utterances.
Inflammation-mediated rheumatic diseases and atherosclerosis.

For over 20 years, premature coronary heart disease has been recognised as a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Less appreciated is the fact that the same holds true for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These two autoimmune diseases share a propensity to target women of childbearing age and a treatment armamentarium that includes corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents. Despite clear distinctions in pathophysiology, the immune dysfunction unique to each disease results in a chronic inflammatory state, which may have implications for the atherogenesis seen in these young patients. As we compare and contrast potential cardiovascular risk factors in these two autoimmune diseases, we may further our understanding of why these young women are at high risk for premature atherosclerosis.