Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Japanese Male Patient with ‘Fibular Aplasia, Tibial Campomelia and Oligodactyly’: An Additional Case Report

We report a male infant with FATCO syndrome, an acronym for fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly. Courtens et al. reported an infant with oligosyndactyly of the left hand, complete absence of the right fibula, bowing of the right tibia, and absence of the right fifth metatarsal and phalanges. They noted 5 patients with similar clinical features, and proposed the FATCO syndrome. Our patient had a left-sided cleft lip, cleft palate, oligosyndactyly of the right hand and bilateral feet, and bilateral anterior bowing of the limbs associated with overlying skin dimpling. Radiographs showed a short angulated tibia with left fibular aplasia and right fibular hypoplasia. We consider our case the 6th patient with FATCO syndrome, and the cleft lip and palate, not reported in the previous 5 patients, may allow us to further understand the development of the extremities and facies.
Information Security and People: A Conundrum for Compliance

This evaluation of end-users and IT experts/managers’ attitudes towards performing IT security tasks indicates important differences between their perspectives on what is and is not necessary to establish a secure corporate IT environment. Through a series of case studies, this research illustrates that making it easier for end-users to comply does not necessarily equate to enhanced implementation of security measures. End-users want to be autonomous, competent, self-motivated and active participants in the development of secure environments. However, managers and experts want to limit autonomy to ensure that procedures are followed closely, rather than permitting flexibility. This results in the creation of environments that are intrinsically de-motivating rather than motivating end-users to become self-determined and self-regulating co-creators of a secure IT environment. The paper also discusses alternative approaches to developing a human system that works for end-users and experts.
Cystathionine beta-synthase is coordinately regulated with proliferation through a redox-sensitive mechanism in cultured human cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the condensation of serine with homocysteine to form cystathionine and occupies a crucial regulatory position between the methionine cycle and the biosynthesis of cysteine by transsulfuration. Analysis of CBS activity under a variety of growth conditions indicated that CBS is coordinately regulated with proliferation in both yeast and human cells. In batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, maximal CBS activities were observed in the exponential phase of cells grown on glucose, while growth-arrested cultures or those growing non-fermentatively on ethanol or glycerol had approximately 3-fold less activity. CBS activity assays and Western blotting indicated that growth-specific regulation of CBS is evolutionarily conserved in a range of human cell lines. CBS activity was found to be maximal during proliferation and was reduced two- to five-fold when cells became quiescent at confluence. In cultured HepG2 cells, the human CBS gene is induced by serum and basic fibroblast growth factor and is downregulated, but not abolished, by contact inhibition, serum-starvation, nutrient depletion, or the induction of differentiation. Consequently, for certain cell types, CBS may represent a novel marker of both differentiation and proliferation. The intracellular level of the CBS regulator compound, S-adenosylmethionine, was found to reflect the proliferation status of both yeast and human cells, and as such, constitutes an additional mechanism for proliferation-specific regulation of human CBS. Our data indicates that screening compounds for the ability to affect transsulfuration in cultured cell models must take proliferation status into account to avoid masking regulatory interactions that may be of significance in vivo.
Multi-View Clustering via Deep Matrix Factorization

Multi-View Clustering (MVC) has garnered more attention recently since many real-world data are comprised of different representations or views. The key is to explore complementary information to benefit the clustering problem. In this paper, we present a deep matrix factorization framework for MVC, where semi-nonnegative matrix factorization is adopted to learn the hierarchical semantics of multi-view data in a layer-wise fashion. To maximize the mutual information from each view, we enforce the non-negative representation of each view in the final layer to be the same. Furthermore, to respect the intrinsic geometric structure in each view data, graph regularizers are introduced to couple the output representation of deep structures. As a non-trivial contribution, we provide the solution based on alternating minimization strategy, followed by a theoretical proof of convergence. The superior experimental results on three face benchmarks show the effectiveness of the proposed deep matrix factorization model.
Multi‐Scale Geometric‐Semantic Modeling of Shield Tunnels for GIS and BIM Applications

The planning of large infrastructure facilities such as inner‐city subway tracks requires the consideration of widely differing scales, ranging from the kilometer scale for the general routing of the track down to the centimeter scale for detailed design of connection points. On the one hand this implies the utilization of both, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well as Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools, for performing the required analysis, modeling, and visualization tasks. On the other hand, a sound foundation of handling multi‐scale representations is required. Although multi‐scale modeling is already well established in the GIS field, there are no corresponding approaches in Infrastructure BIM so far. However, multi‐scale concepts are also much needed in the BIM context, as the planning process typically provides only rough information in the early stages and increasingly detailed and fine‐grained information in later stages. To meet this demand, this article presents a comprehensive concept for incorporating multi‐scale representations with building information models, with a particular focus on the geometric‐semantic modeling of shield tunnels. Based on a detailed analysis of the data modeling methods used in CityGML and the requirements present in the context of infrastructure planning projects, we discuss potential extensions to the BIM data model Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for incorporating multi‐scale representations of shield tunnels. Particular emphasis is put on providing means for preserving the consistency of the representation across the different Levels‐of‐Detail (LoDs), while taking into account both semantics and geometry. For realizing consistency preservation mechanisms, we propose to apply a procedural geometry description which makes it possible to define explicit dependencies between geometric entities on different LoDs. The modification of an object on a coarse level consequently results in an automated update of all dependent objects on the finer levels. Finally, we discuss the transformation of the IFC‐based multi‐scale tunnel model into a CityGML compliant tunnel representation.
Influences of the media on suicide

Reporting and portrayal of suicidal behaviour in the media may have potentially negative influences and facilitate suicidal acts by people exposed to such stimuli. Recent systematic reviews by others and ourselves (unpublished) have found overwhelming evidence for such effects.1 Evidence for the influence of media on suicidal behaviour has been shown for newspaper and television reports of actual suicides, film and television portrayals of suicides, and suicide in literature, especially suicide manuals. The potential for “suicide sites” on the internet influencing suicidal behaviour remains to be proved, but anecdotal evidence of negative influences is accumulating. 2 3 The impact of the media on suicidal behaviour seems to be most likely when a method of suicide is specified—especially when presented in detail—when the story is reported or portrayed dramatically …
Heterogeneous Loading of the Human Achilles Tendon In Vivo

The free Achilles tendon is considered a homogeneous structure that transmits muscular force in a linear manner. However, the tendon undergoes longitudinal rotation and is separated in mechanically independent segments with distinct mechanical and material tissue properties. The present article examines the hypothesis that the human Achilles tendon is loaded asymmetrically and undergoes heterogeneous deformation during movement.
Effect of Frequency of Boar Exposure on Estrus and Ovulation in Weaned Sows as Determined by Real-Time Ultrasound

Introduction Reproductive performance in swine is most related to inseminations occurring near the time of ovulation. This is due to the time-span for normal fertilization of eggs being limited by both the egg after the occurrence of ovulation (<12 h) and the sperm after insemination (<24 h). Therefore, the number of eggs that are fertilized, the percentage of normal embryos, the resulting pregnancy rates (Hunter and Dzuik, 1968, Soede et al., 1995), farrowing rates (Nissen et al., 1997), and litter size (Kemp and Soede, 1996; Rozeboom et al., 1996) are all related to time of insemination relative to ovulation. Insemination within 12 h before ovulation, appears to produce the most optimal pregnancy rates (>90%) and litter sizes (10.5-11, Kemp and Soede, 1996) but Nissen et al has observed that inseminations occurring from 28 h before to 4 h after ovulation result in high reproductive rates (Nissen et al., 1997). Unfortunately, the time of ovulation is difficult to predict since the only obvious marker for this event is the expression of standing estrus. Further, the time of ovulation varies between 24 to 60 h after onset of estrus (Soede et al., 1992). This high level of variation is important since insemination protocols are set from estrus, with inseminations typically occurring twice between 0 and 48 h. There appears to be a normal distribution for ovulation time after onset of estrus, with 20% of weaned sows ovulating by 24 h, 55% ovulating between 24 and 48 h, and 25% ovulating after 48 h (Knox et al., 1999a). It would appear then, that current insemination protocols may not fully account for the total variation in ovulation times within the breeding herd. This would help explain why average USA reproductive rates are less than optimal. This experiment was conducted to address whether estrous detection frequency could be used as a method to increase the frequency of fixed time inseminations that occur within 24 or 12 h prior to the time of ovulation in anticipation of early (≤ 24 h), expected (≥24 h and ≤48 h) and late times of ovulation (≥ 48 h). In commercial settings, a common industry practice employs a once daily estrous detection procedure with insemination targeted to occur at 0 h for the first service (estimated time relative to estrus is 0-24 h) and 24 h later for the second service (estimated time relative to estrus is 24-48 h). Although this procedure can generate 79% farrowing rates, it cannot account for the variation in time of ovulation, since onset of estrus can be off by as much as 24 h. Even twice daily estrous detection procedures (0800 h and 1600 h) that rely on an 8 h working day, cannot compensate for this variation, since sows detected in estrus at 0800 h, may have already been in estrus for up to 16 h. Additionally, since approximately 70% of the females will show the first standing response between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., large estimation errors result (±16 h) for onset of estrus, leading to inseminations that fail to occur within 24 h prior to ovulation.
The impact of reported corporate governance disclosure on the financial performance of companies listed on the JSE

Large scale surveys of UK (CBI, Deloitte and Touche, 1996) and US (Daily and Dalton, 1994) companies a decade ago suggested that the majority of respondents felt that the heightened focus on corporate governance had no positive impact on corporate performance. The general feeling emerged that sound financial performance excuses poor governance (Pic, 1997).
Impact of Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Infestation Timing on Rice Yields and Quality

ABSTRACT Sleeve and large field cage experiments were conducted in Stoneville, MS, in 2010 and 2011 to assess adult rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), injury in rice. ‘Cocodrie' and ‘Wells' were infested at bloom, milk, and soft dough stages of panicle development. Twenty rice panicles were infested individually in the sleeve cage experiment as replicates with 0, 1, or 2 O. pugnax in a split-plot, completely randomized design. The large cage experiment had four replications infested with 9 or 18 O. pugnax per square meter over multiple rice panicles in a split-plot, randomized complete block design per cultivar. Caged uninfested controls were included in each experiment. Rough rice yield and percentage of clean, damaged, and blank kernels were evaluated. In both experiments, stage of panicle development impacted grain yield and quality. Yield loss was greatest during the bloom stage, while kernel damage was greatest during the milk and soft dough stages. Rice yield decreased with increased infestation density. Kernel damage increased with increased infestation density. Blank kernels affect yield, while kernel damage affects grain quality. While grain yield is the bottom line, grain quality affects marketability, which directly affects yield profitability. Based on these results, this study considers O. pugnax injury significant in all three stages of panicle development and concludes that a more aggressive threshold is recommended from panicle emergence through soft dough. More research is needed to determine the specific threshold, but it appears to be lower than the current threshold of 5 per 10 sweeps.
Threshold for monotone symmetric properties through a logarithmic Sobolev inequality

Threshold phenomena are investigated using a general approach, following Talagrand [Ann. Probab. 22 (1994) 1576-1587] and Friedgut and Kalai [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (1999) 1017-10541. The general upper bound for the threshold width of symmetric monotone properties is improved. This follows from a new lower bound on the maximal influence of a variable on a Boolean function. The method of proof is based on a well-known logarithmic Sobolev inequality on {0, 1} n . This new bound is shown to be asymptotically optimal.
Aminopeptidase N/CD13 is directly linked to signal transduction pathways in monocytes.

In the present study, we characterized in monocytes the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) evoked by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13, showing a two-phase calcium increase with a small-belled [Ca(2+)](i) rise due to the release of calcium from intracellular stores and a more sustained plateau due to the influx of calcium from the extracellular environment. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors were able to inhibit the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by ligation APN/CD13, as were inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. For the first time we can show that mAbs to APN/CD13 provoke phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. Furthermore, we show that mRNA of the chemotactic cytokine IL-8 is upregulated under the influence of APN/CD13 ligation. Although the in vivo ligand as well as possible cooperating membrane molecules remains to be identified, our results suggest that the membrane ectoenzyme APN/CD13 is a novel signal transduction molecule in monocytes.
An investigation of matching symmetry in the human pinnae with possible implications for 3D ear recognition and sound localization

The human external ears, or pinnae, have an intriguing shape and, like most parts of the human external body, bilateral symmetry is observed between left and right. It is a well‐known part of our auditory sensory system and mediates the spatial localization of incoming sounds in 3D from monaural cues due to its shape‐specific filtering as well as binaural cues due to the paired bilateral locations of the left and right ears. Another less broadly appreciated aspect of the human pinna shape is its uniqueness from one individual to another, which is on the level of what is seen in fingerprints and facial features. This makes pinnae very useful in human identification, which is of great interest in biometrics and forensics. Anatomically, the type of symmetry observed is known as matching symmetry, with structures present as separate mirror copies on both sides of the body, and in this work we report the first such investigation of the human pinna in 3D. Within the framework of geometric morphometrics, we started by partitioning ear shape, represented in a spatially dense way, into patterns of symmetry and asymmetry, following a two‐factor anova design. Matching symmetry was measured in all substructures of the pinna anatomy. However, substructures that ‘stick out’ such as the helix, tragus, and lobule also contained a fair degree of asymmetry. In contrast, substructures such as the conchae, antitragus, and antihelix expressed relatively stronger degrees of symmetric variation in relation to their levels of asymmetry. Insights gained from this study were injected into an accompanying identification setup exploiting matching symmetry where improved performance is demonstrated. Finally, possible implications of the results in the context of ear recognition as well as sound localization are discussed.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of clinical and radiographic characteristics in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES We compared the clinical characteristics and imaging findings between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in whom pulmonary cryptococcosis had been diagnosed to define the role of serum cryptococcal antigen (sCRAG) and radiographs during a follow-up period of up to 1 year. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS The clinical records, chest radiographs, and CT scan findings of 13 immunocompetent and 16 immunocompromised patients with a diagnosis based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, sCRAG titers, and cytologic or histologic confirmation of the presence of pulmonary cryptococcosis were reviewed during the course of the study. Two thoracic radiologists reviewed chest radiographs and CT scans for morphologic characteristics and the distribution of parenchymal abnormalities, and a final reading was reached by consensus. The correlation between serial radiographs and sCRAG titers was examined in 9 immunocompetent and 10 immunocompromised patients. MEASUREMENTS Serum or CSF cryptococcal antigen. RESULTS The most common clinical symptom was cough, which was present in 24 patients (82.8%). Pulmonary nodules were the most frequent radiologic abnormality. Cavitation within nodules and parenchymal consolidation were significantly less common in immunocompetent patients compared to immunocompromised patients (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively). Immunocompromised patients tended to have a larger extent of pulmonary involvement than immunocompetent patients, the changes seen on their serial radiographs were more variable, and their corresponding sCRAG titers were higher (> 1:256). In the immunocompetent patients, the radiographic characteristics of lesions usually improved with a corresponding decrease in sCRAG titers over time. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that pulmonary cryptococcosis usually follows a benign clinical course in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised patients often undergo an evolution to cavitary lesions that represent a more aggressive disease nature. Serial radiographic changes and changes in sCRAG titers reliably reflect disease progression and the response to therapy.
Immune Escape Mechanisms as a Guide for Cancer Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has demonstrated impressive outcomes for some patients with cancer. However, selecting patients who are most likely to respond to immunotherapy remains a clinical challenge. Here, we discuss immune escape mechanisms exploited by cancer and present strategies for applying this knowledge to improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 687–92. ©2014 AACR.
A quantitative study of oocytes in young and old nulliparous laboratory rats.

The age at which reproductive capacity begins to dechne, and its relationship to the life-span of the animal, varies greatly between different species of mammals [see Eckstein & Zuckerman, 1955]. In women the dechne is associated with the dis¬ appearance of oocytes, and the suggestion has been made that the two phenomena may be causally associated in all species in which they occur [see Zuckerman, 1956a]. An analysis of the breeding records of a colony of rats used for a series of ovarian studies showed that the number of females giving birth to successive litters declines progressively from about 360 days [Ingram, Mandl & Zuckerman, 1958]. At first sight this fall in fertility might be regarded as reflecting a parallel decline in the size of the population of oocytes. Unfortunately, however, there are no data which would permit of such a conclusion being drawn. A direct relationship between age and the number of oocytes in rats belonging to the Birmingham Strain has already been established, but the data refer only to animals aged 360 days or less [Mandl & Zucker¬ man, 1951]. The estimates of the total number of oocytes in older rats are limited to four specimens aged 385, 454, 559 and 947 days [Arai, 1920], while the numerous investigations of senile rat ovaries made by Wolfe, Burack & Wright [1940], Wolfe [1943] and Wolfe & Wright [1943] were restricted to Graafian follicles (which constitute less than 2 % of the total population of oocytes). In view of the lack of information about numbers of oocytes in old rats, two new investigations were undertaken, of which the first is reported here. The second deals with possible differences in the rate of decrease of oocyte numbers between nulliparous and multiparous senile rats of the same strain [Shelton, 1959].
Circular Vection is Independent of Stimulus Eccentricity

The sensation of self-rotation induced by viewing a surround rotating about the observer's vertical axis (circular vection or CV) was investigated with equal-area stimuli located in either the central, the mid-peripheral, or the far-peripheral visual field. Magnitude estimation responses indicated greater CV with larger stimulus area, but no significant differences in CV sensations as a function of stimulus eccentricity. This pattern of results does not support the belief that CV is dominated by peripheral stimulation when equal-area stimuli are compared.