Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parent-adolescent attachment and disordered eating : a nonclinical sample.

A wide body of research has investigated the possible pathogenic role of the family in the development of eating disorders. Within the context of the research which places family dynamics at the centre of psychopathology, little research attention has been given to the relationship between parent-adolescent attachment and eating disorders. There is currently no existing South African research in this area. This study aims to redress this balance by exploring the relationship between parental attachment (as measured by the Parental Attachment Questionnaire) and disordered eating (as measured by the Eating Disorders Inventory) among white female adolescents. The sample comprised 209 white female learners from a former 'model C' school in the Durban area. It was found that highly significant negative correlations existed between most of the subscales of the PAQ and ED! Overall, canonical analysis revealed a significant relationship between parent-adolescent attachment and disordered eating. The relationship between the variables of attachment and disordered eating was very similar regardless of whether the two subscales of the PAQ (Affective Quality ofAttachment and Parental Role in Providing Emotional Support) were combined or not. It was found that those adolescents who described their parental relationships as affectively positive and emotionally supportive and viewed their parents as supporting their independence, also described themselves as experiencing low levels of weight preoccupation, low levels of bulimic behaviour and interpersonal distrust, and high levels of personal effectiveness and interoceptive awareness. The above results are discussed in the light of the relevant available literature and research. The methodological and conceptual limitations of the study are explored and provide a basis for recommending possible future research.
Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus‐1, hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis B virus infections in 260 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus

To evaluate the factors determining the severity of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus infections, we retrospectively analyzed 260 patients, 146 of whom were followed for a mean of 31.4 ± 1.8 mo. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis delta virus status and aminotransferase activities, histological activity index, alcohol consumption and the prevalence of cirrhosis were investigated. The patients included 54 homosexuals, 19 parenteral drug abusers and 187 subjects with other or unidentified risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus.
Biological markets.

In biological markets, two classes of traders exchange commodities to their mutual benefit. Characteristics of markets are: competition within trader classes by contest or outbidding; preference for partners offering the highest value; and conflicts over the exchange value of commodities. Biological markets are currently studied under at least three different headings: sexual selection, intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism. The time is ripe for the development of game theoretic models that describe the common core of biological markets and integrate existing knowledge from the separate fields.
Development of docetaxel-loaded vitamin E TPGS micelles: formulation optimization, effects on brain cancer cells and biodistribution in rats.

AIM This work aimed to develop docetaxel-loaded D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS or TPGS) micelles for brain cancer chemotherapy by taking advantage of polyethylene glycol for its long half-life in circulation and vitamin E for its high cellular uptake. MATERIAL & METHODS TPGS micelles containing docetaxel or coumarin-6 were prepared by the solvent casting method and the direct dissolution method at high, moderate and low drug-loading levels. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The particle size of the docetaxel-loaded TPGS micelles ranged between 12 and 14 nm. Docetaxel formulated in the TPGS micelles of high, moderate and low drug-loading levels achieved lower IC(50) values compared with Taxotere after 24-h incubation with C6 glioma brain cancer cells. The TPGS has much lower critical micelle concentration than most phospholipids in micellar formulation, which can be an efficient drug carrier across the blood brain-barrier with high drug encapsulation efficiency, cell uptake, cytotoxicity and desired biodistribution of the formulated drug.
Migrant political transnationalism and the practice of democracy: Dominican external voting rights and Salvadoran home town associations

Abstract In Latin America, the political participation of migrants in their societies of origin constitutes one of the major innovations brought by the consolidation of democracy. This paper examines the links between migrant transnational politics and democratization processes in the Dominican Republic and El Salvador. It asks whether and how migrant political participation affects the way democratic practices are institutionalized in these two countries. The results indicate that in the two cases migrant political transnationalism has been a positive force for the strengthening of the formal democratic rules of organizing political competition. The analysis also shows, however, that the contribution of migrant transnational politics to the deepening of democracy towards more participative and deliberative forms is limited.
[Infectious arthritis in hospital patients in Lomé, Togo].

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and semiological profile of infectious arthritis in the outpatient clinic of the Tokoin University Hospital Center in Lomé, Togo. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was based on a review of the charts of patients hospitalized in the rheumatology department over a period of 16 years. RESULTS During the 16-year study period, 198 of the 13517 patients (1.5%) examined were hospitalized for infectious arthritis. There were 100 women and 98 men with a mean age of 36.3 +/- 17.5 years. Mean disease duration was 9.3 +/- 9.8 months. Diagnosis was banal germ arthritis in 157 cases (79.3%) and likely tuberculosis arthritis in 41 (20.7%). The knee was the most common location (34.3%). Arthritis affected a single joint in 159 cases (80.3%). Isolation of offending microorganism was achieved in 39 patients (19.7%). The most frequently identified agent was Staphylococcus aureus (42.5%). In addition to underdevelopment and poor hygiene observed in most patients in this series, risk factors included human immunodeficiency virus infection in 28 cases, alcoholism in 10, sickle cell anemia in 8, cancer in 3, and diabetes mellitus in 2. Outcome was favorable in 181 patients (88.7%). Four patients died. CONCLUSION The frequency of infectious arthritis is correlated with underdevelopment and poor hygiene in black Africa.
Robust Video Synchronization using Unsupervised Deep Learning

Aligning video sequences is a fundamental yet still unsolved component for a wide range of applications in computer graphics and vision. Especially when targeting video clips containing an extensively varying appearance. Using recent advances in deep learning, we present a scalable and robust method for computing optimal non-linear temporal video alignments. The presented algorithm learns to retrieve and match similar video frames from input sequences without any human interaction or additional annotations in an unsupervised fashion. An iterative scheme is presented which leverages on the nature of the videos themselves in order to remove the need for labels. We incorporate a variation of Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm for extracting meaningful training examples as well as a robust video alignment. While previous methods assume similar settings as weather conditions, season and illumination, our approach is able to robustly align videos regardless of such noise. This provides new ways of compositing non-seasonal video clips from data recorded months apart.
Constructive Tightly Grounded Autoepistemic Reasoning

The key concept of autoepistemic logic introduced by Moore is a stable expansion of a set of premises, i.e., a set of beliefs adopted by an agent with perfect introspection capabilities on the basis of the premises. Moore's formalization of a stable expansion, however, is nonconstructive and produces sets of beliefs which are quite weakly grounded in the premises. A new more constructive definition of the sets of beliefs of the agent is proposed. It is based on classical logic and enumerations of formulae. Considering only a certain subclass of enumerations, L-hierarchic enumerations, an attractive class of expansions is captured to characterize the sets of beliefs of a fully introspective agent. These L-hierarchic expansions are stable set minimal, very tightly grounded in the premises and independent of the syntactic representation of premises. Furthermore, Reiter's default logic is shown to be a special case of autoepistemic logic based on L-hierarchic expansions.
Just imaginary: delimiting social inclusion in higher education

This paper explores the notion of a ‘just imaginary’ for social inclusion in higher education. It responds to the current strategy of OECD nations to expand higher education and increase graduate numbers, as a way of securing a competitive advantage in the global knowledge economy. The Australian higher education system provides the case for analysis. Three dilemmas for social inclusion policy in this context are identified: questions of sustainability, aspiration and opportunity. The paper argues that while social inclusion policy has ‘first-order’ effects in higher education, a just imaginary is required for more inclusive ‘second-order’ effects to be realized. It concludes that transformation of the current imaginary will require a more robust theorization of relations between social inclusion and higher education, to give new and unifying meaning to existing practices and to generate new ones. Short of this, social inclusion may be little more than just imaginary.
Sir Waldron Smithers and the Long Walk to Finchley

The television drama ‘Margaret Thatcher: The Long Walk to Finchley’ has Sir Waldron Smithers strongly objecting to Thatcher's selection as a Conservative candidate prior to the 1950 General Election. It is more likely that Smithers would have found her a kindred ideological spirit: both shared an anti‐socialist commitment and admiration for Hayek's ‘The Road to Serfdom’.
Azithromycin Kills Invasive Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Gingival Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans invades periodontal pocket epithelium and is therefore difficult to eliminate by periodontal scaling and root planing. It is susceptible to azithromycin, which is taken up by many types of mammalian cells. This led us to hypothesize that azithromycin accumulation by gingival epithelium could enhance the killing of intraepithelial A. actinomycetemcomitans. [3H]azithromycin transport by Smulow-Glickman gingival epithelial cells and SCC-25 oral epithelial cells was characterized. To test our hypothesis, we infected cultured Smulow-Glickman cell monolayers with A. actinomycetemcomitans (Y4 or SUNY 465 strain) for 2 h, treated them with gentamicin to eliminate extracellular bacteria, and then incubated them with azithromycin for 1 to 4 h. Viable intracellular bacteria were released, plated, and enumerated. Azithromycin transport by both cell lines exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was competitively inhibited by l-carnitine and several other organic cations. Cell incubation in medium containing 5 μg/ml azithromycin yielded steady-state intracellular concentrations of 144 μg/ml in SCC-25 cells and 118 μg/ml in Smulow-Glickman cells. Azithromycin induced dose- and time-dependent intraepithelial killing of both A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. Treatment of infected Smulow-Glickman cells with 0.125 μg/ml azithromycin killed approximately 29% of the intraepithelial CFU of both strains within 4 h, while treatment with 8 μg/ml azithromycin killed ≥82% of the CFU of both strains (P < 0.05). Addition of carnitine inhibited the killing of intracellular bacteria by azithromycin (P < 0.05). Thus, human gingival epithelial cells actively accumulate azithromycin through a transport system that facilitates the killing of intraepithelial A. actinomycetemcomitans and is shared with organic cations.
Photovoltaic solar cell simulation of shockley diode parameters in matlab

In this work, the Shockley diode parameters were simulated using the Matlab software package with the solar cell I - V and P - V characteristics in focus. Our model has been based on previous studies while the effects of varying cell temperature, series resistance, Rs ambient irradiation and diode quality factor were put into consideration and the output current and power characteristics of the PV model simulated, all for 10 iterations using the Newton - Raphson algorithm. The effect of shunt is neglected throughout the simulation while the results showed expected trends as reported by previous authors. This work therefore will be very useful for users, especially researchers in this field. Key words: Photovoltaic, solar cell, Matlab, simulation, photocurrent.
ON THE ORIGINS OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY IN THE REAL WORLD

Current-generation speech recognition systems seek to identify words via analysis of their underlying phonological constituents. Although this stratagem works well for carefully enunciated speech emanating from a pristine acoustic environment, it has fared less well for recognizing speech spoken under more realistic conditions, such as (1) moderate to high levels of background noise (2) moderately reverberant acoustic environments (3) spontaneous, informal conversation Under such "real-world" conditions the acoustic properties of speech make it difficult to partition the acoustic stream into readily definable phonological units, thus rendering the process of word recognition highly vulnerable to departures from "canonical" patterns. Analysis of informal, spontaneous speech indicates that the stability of linguistic representation is more likely to reside on the syllabic and phrasal levels than on the phonological. In consequence, attempts to represent words merely as sequences of phones, and to derive meaning from simple chains of lexical entities, are unlikely to yield high levels of recognition performance under such real-world conditions. A multi-tiered representation of speech is proposed, one in which only partial information from each of many levels of linguistic abstraction is required for sufficient identification of lexical and phrasal elements. Such tiers of linguistic abstraction are unified through a hierarchically organized process of temporal binding and are, in principle, highly tolerant of the sorts of "distortions" imposed on speech in the real world.
A Critical Examination of Normalistas' Self-Conceptualization and Teacher-Efficacy

Prior to entering a U.S. bilingual teacher preparation program, Mexican teachers (normalistas) were assessed regarding their ethnic identity, self-conceptualization, and teaching efficacy. The findings indicated that normalistas'ethnic identity is tied to country of origin, rather than their adopted country. Five salient conceptualization factors were identified: personality (carácter), interests, occupational activity, interpersonal style, and moral worth. The multivariate regression analysis of self-concept and teacher efficacy constructs showed that the participants'view of self, specifically character, and moral worth may affect their teacher efficacy ( p < .05). Researchers suggest that teacher preparation programs focus on the development and enhancement of normalistas' sociopolitical awareness to ensure understanding of U.S. language minority students' educational needs.
Intimate partner homicide in 10 European countries: Statistical data and policy development in a cross-national perspective

Homicide is an important source of premature mortality, with intimate partners committing approximately one in seven homicides. Utilizing national statistics, this article explores recent data on intimate partner homicide in 10 European countries, namely Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. It discusses policy developments and the role of key policy-making actors and it provides a novel classification, based on the time when government action developed, that maps the 10 countries in a temporal sequence under three main headings: early birds, intermediate and newcomers. Notwithstanding great differences, the article finds common trends in policy developments. Institutional commitment in collecting intimate partner homicide data is consistent with an enduring record of both women’s activism and public action in addressing intimate partner violence.
A Phenomenological Research Design Illustrated

This article distills the core principles of a phenomenological research design and, by means of a specific study, illustrates the phenomenological methodology. After a brief overview of the developments of phenomenology, the research paradigm of the specific study follows. Thereafter the location of the data, the data-gathering the data-storage methods are explained. Unstructured in-depth phenomenological interviews supplemented by memoing, essays by participants, a focus group discussion and field notes were used. The data explicitation, by means of a simplified version of Hycner's (1999) process, is further explained. The article finally contains commentary about the validity and truthfulness measures, as well as a synopsis of the findings of the study.
Utilization and satisfaction of volunteer law enforcement officers in the office of the American sheriff: an exploratory nationwide study

Many government organizations utilize volunteers to enhance services, and volunteers have been used in law enforcement agencies for a variety of functions. However, volunteers in American policing are a largely under-studied part of the criminal justice system. This current paper examines the utilization of volunteer reserves, auxiliaries, and special deputies in the office of the American sheriff. The article also examines the perceived organizational characteristics of those agencies that treat volunteers the same as regular full-time sworn deputies by allowing them full power of arrest and the authority to carry a weapon on and off duty. The results generally show that volunteer deputies that are treated the same as their full-time counterparts in regard to authority and responsibility are generally more satisfied with their role within the organization and report greater satisfaction with the organization in terms of communication, leadership, and professionalism.
Cognitive therapy and serious mental illness. An interacting cognitive subsystems approach

The increasing application of Cognitive Therapy to the more enduring forms of psychopathology represented by the DSM-IV ‘Axis II Disorders’ has led to the piecemeal development of the discipline, and the incorporation of approaches from other therapeutic modalities, and from wider sources, such as Buddhist meditation. The present paper proposed the development of the Cognitive rationale, using as a foundation the research-based insights provided by Teasdale's ‘Interacting Cognitive Subsystem’ model (Teasdale and Barnard, 1993). By emphasizing the close relationship between the emotional (implicational) subsystem and states of bodily arousal, this restores aversive arousal states to a central place in the understanding of psychopathology, and clinical practice. The role of threatening information about the self received through early relationships in leading to chronic aversive arousal states, whether high arousal as in anxiety, or low, as in depression, in Axis II disorders, is considered. The implications of the tension between this aversive information and the basic human endeavour of constructing the self are discussed, and a clinical example is used to illustrate the therapeutic approaches suggested by this perspective. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Text Mining for Literature Review and Knowledge Discovery in Cancer Risk Assessment and Research

Research in biomedical text mining is starting to produce technology which can make information in biomedical literature more accessible for bio-scientists. One of the current challenges is to integrate and refine this technology to support real-life scientific tasks in biomedicine, and to evaluate its usefulness in the context of such tasks. We describe CRAB – a fully integrated text mining tool designed to support chemical health risk assessment. This task is complex and time-consuming, requiring a thorough review of existing scientific data on a particular chemical. Covering human, animal, cellular and other mechanistic data from various fields of biomedicine, this is highly varied and therefore difficult to harvest from literature databases via manual means. Our tool automates the process by extracting relevant scientific data in published literature and classifying it according to multiple qualitative dimensions. Developed in close collaboration with risk assessors, the tool allows navigating the classified dataset in various ways and sharing the data with other users. We present a direct and user-based evaluation which shows that the technology integrated in the tool is highly accurate, and report a number of case studies which demonstrate how the tool can be used to support scientific discovery in cancer risk assessment and research. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of a text mining pipeline in facilitating complex research tasks in biomedicine. We discuss further development and application of our technology to other types of chemical risk assessment in the future.
Differential regulation of gliogenesis in the context of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice

In adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new neurons appear to originate from a cell with astrocytic properties expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Also, new astrocytes are generated in the adult dentate gyrus. Whereas the putative astrocyte‐like progenitor cells are consistently S‐100β‐negative, many new astrocytes are S‐100β‐positive. Thus, it is unclear whether the GFAP‐positive progenitor cells are astrocytes in a general sense or rather neural progenitor cells with certain astrocytic characteristics. We therefore investigated the development of GFAP‐expressing cells in the context of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Proliferating cells could be either GFAP‐positive or doublecortin‐positive (DCX), but never both, indicating two independent populations of dividing cells in the glial and neuronal lineages. Two distinct populations of cells with astroglial properties were detected—one expressing GFAP, the other co‐expressing GFAP and S‐100β. We never found S‐100β‐cells to be in S‐phase. No overlap between neuronal and glial markers was seen at any time point. Thus, astrogenesis occurred in parallel and to some degree independent of adult neurogenesis. The uninterrupted GFAP expression in this lineage, and neuronal markers in the other lineage, argue against a late common precursor for neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Very few newly generated microglia and no new oligodendrocytes were detected. Environmental enrichment and voluntary wheel running—two experimental paradigms with robust stimulatory effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis—affected hippocampal astrogenesis differentially: Running, but not enrichment, strongly induced net astrogenesis (GFAP/S‐100β), but also GFAP‐positive S‐100β‐negative cells, which thus appear to be a transiently amplifiable intermediate population within the glial lineage. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.