Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Butcher-Oemler Effect at Moderate Redshift

We present the results of Butcher-Oemler–style analysis of three moderate-redshift (0.1 < z < 0.2) clusters that have bimodal X-ray surface brightness profiles. We find that at least two of these clusters exhibit unusually high fractions of blue galaxies (fb's) as compared with clusters at comparable redshifts studied by Butcher & Oemler. This implies that star formation is occurring in a high fraction of the galaxies in the two clusters. Our results are consistent with hierarchical clustering models in which subcluster-subcluster mergers create shocks in the intracluster medium. The shocks, in turn, induce simultaneous starbursts in a large fraction of cluster galaxies. Our study therefore lends weight to the hypothesis that the Butcher-Oemler effect is an environmental, as well as evolutionary, phenomenon.
EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Tetraplegics

Movement-disabled persons typically require a long practice time to learn how to use a brain-computer interface (BCI). Our aim was to develop a BCI which tetraplegic subjects could control only in 30 minutes. Six such subjects (level of injury C4-C5) operated a 6-channel EEG BCI. The task was to move a circle from the centre of the computer screen to its right or left side by attempting visually triggered right- or left-hand movements. During the training periods, the classifier was adapted to the user's EEG activity after each movement attempt in a supervised manner. Feedback of the performance was given immediately after starting the BCI use. Within the time limit, three subjects learned to control the BCI. We believe that fast initial learning is an important factor that increases motivation and willingness to use BCIs. We have previously tested a similar single-trial classification approach in healthy subjects. Our new results show that methods developed and tested with healthy subjects do not necessarily work as well as with motor-disabled patients. Therefore, it is important to use motor-disabled persons as subjects in BCI development.
Quantitative Effect of Gender, Age, Liver Function, and Body Size on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel in Patients with Solid Tumors

Background: The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of anthropometric and biochemical variables and third-space effusions on paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in solid tumor patients. Materials and Methods: Plasma concentration-time data of paclitaxel were collected in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (n = 84), ovarian cancer (n = 40), and various solid tumors (n = 44), totaling 168 patients. Paclitaxel was given as a 3-hour infusion (n = 163) at doses ranging from 100 to 250 mg/m2, or as a 24-hour infusion (n = 5) at a dose of 135 or 175 mg/m2. Data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. Results: A three-compartment model with saturable elimination and distribution was used to describe concentration-time data. Male gender and body surface area were positively correlated with maximal elimination capacity of paclitaxel (VMEL); patient age and total bilirubin were negatively correlated with VMEL (P < 0.005 for all correlations). Typically, male patients had a 20% higher VMEL; a 0.2 m2 increase of body surface area led to a 9% increase of VMEL; a 10-year increase of patient age led to a 5% decrease of VMEL; and a 10-μmol increase of total bilirubin led to a 14% decrease of VMEL. Third-space effusions were not correlated with paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Conclusions: This extended retrospective population analysis showed patient gender to significantly and independently affect paclitaxel distribution and elimination. Body surface area, total bilirubin, and patient age were confirmed to affect paclitaxel elimination. This pharmacokinetic model allowed quantification of the covariate effects on the elimination of paclitaxel and may be used for covariate-adapted paclitaxel dosing.
Predictive Factors in the Incidence of Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the leading causes of liver cirrhosis worldwide. Predictors of cirrhosis in Iranian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are yet to be clearly identified. Objectives Evaluating the predictive factors of liver cirrhosis in CHB. Patients and Methods A longitudinal study was conducted during 1995 - 2014 on all CHB patients who were referred to Tehran hepatitis center, Tehran, Iran. The patients were assessed during periodic visits through medical history and laboratory data. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of cirrhosis. Results Two hundred thirty-seven CHB patients were followed for an average duration of 10.6 years, and 41 of these patients developed cirrhosis. The incidence rate of cirrhosis was 2.82/100 person-years. Univariate analyses determined 9 out of 17 factors as significant predictors of outcome in CHB patients. Age of ≥ 45 years, positive hepatitis D virus (HDV), negative HBeAg, platelet count of < 150 (× 109)/L, and HBV DNA level of ≥ 2,000 IU/mL were identified as significant independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in multiple logistic analyses. Conclusions Five predictive factors that are simple and easy to measure may be used as parameters for the prediction of liver cirrhosis in CHB patients.
Medical robotics

The evolution of robotics in surgery is a new and exciting development. Surgical robotics brings together many disparate areas of research such as: design, development and modeling of robotic systems, nonlinear control, safety in medical robotics, ergonomics in minimally invasive procedures, and last but not the least, surgery. Over the past decade there have been significant advances in basic research and technology that have made it possible for the development of robots for surgery. One of the main advantages of robots is the increased precision and repeatability in carrying out surgical procedures, which were not possible in the past by a human surgeon. Robots and computers in conjunction can perform complex computations at much higher speeds compared to humans. On the other hand, humans are more adept in integrating diverse sources of information and making decisions based on their past experience of working in that field. They are also dexterous on the “human’’ scale, have very strong hand-eye coordination and an excellent sense of touch. Robots on the other hand have very good accuracy in carrying out pre-specified tasks, are not prone to fatigue or boredom, can carry out fast computations for surgical planning based on 3-D imaging data and other sensory feedback, and can also be designed for a wide range of operating conditions and scales. There are however severe limitations of robots and humans. One of the main disadvantages of robots is that they have poor judgment capability, limited dexterity and poor hand-eye coordination. Humans on the other hand cannot operate beyond their physical capability (their natural scale of operation) and are prone to tremor and fatigue [Taylor96]. Robots are thus seen more as augmenting human capabilities rather than replacing surgeons. The strengths and weaknesses of humans and robots are summarized in Table 1.
Cognitive Models of Choice: Comparing Decision Field Theory to the Proportional Difference Model

People often face preferential decisions under risk. To further our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying these preferential choices, two prominent cognitive models, decision field theory (DFT; Busemeyer & Townsend, 1993) and the proportional difference model (PD; González-Vallejo, 2002), were rigorously tested against each other. In two consecutive experiments, the participants repeatedly had to choose between monetary gambles. The first experiment provided the reference to estimate the models' free parameters. From these estimations, new gamble pairs were generated for the second experiment such that the two models made maximally divergent predictions. In the first experiment, both models explained the data equally well. However, in the second generalization experiment, the participants' choices were much closer to the predictions of DFT. The results indicate that the stochastic process assumed by DFT, in which evidence in favor of or against each option accumulates over time, described people's choice behavior better than the trade-offs between proportional differences assumed by PD.
Fin reduction is a novel and unexpected teratogenic effect of amikacin-treated zebrafish embryos

We used zebrafish as a model to assess amikacin-induced embryotoxicity. We exposed zebrafish embryos to amikacin, using different amikacin doses (0–10 ppm), durations (12–48 h), and onsets (0, 24, 48 hpf). Amikacin-induced embryonic toxicity and reduced survival rate were found dependent on the exposure dose, duration and onset. Based on immunostaining with neuron-specific antibodies, amikacin reduced the number and size of zebrafish neuromasts. In addition, Amikacin caused pelvic, dorsal and anal fin defects in dose-dependent and duration-dependent manners. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining revealed that amikacin-induced fin defects were not due to reduction of proliferating mesenchymal cells. TUNEL assay demonstrated that amikacin-induced fin defects might not associate with apoptosis. Therefore, further investigations are required to elucidate if other cell death pathways are involved in amikacin-induced fin defects.
importance and days until the election

Supplementary data ml http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2012/01/18/rstb.2011. 0302.DC1. ht "Data Supplement" References http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/367/1589/731.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 32 articles, 9 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (208 articles) cognition  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Texture-Based Heuristics for Scheduling Revisited

Recent scheduling work has challenged the need for sophisticated heuristics such as those based on texture measurements. This paper examines these claims in the light of advances in scheduling technology. We compare a number of current heuristic commitment techniques against a texture-based heuristic. Our results demonstrate that texture-based heuristics can outperform these widely-used heuristic commitment techniques.
Effect of continuous midwifery care on length of labor.

INTRODUCTION The process of pregnancy and labor has a dramatic impact on society's health. Considering the importance of obstetrical cares and the role and presence of midwife at parturient bedside, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of care and conti-nuous presence of midwifery on labor duration. METHODS This was a semi-experimental study. The study population included parturient women referred to 29 Bahman Hospital in Tabriz who had normal vaginal delivery indication. 100 women were randomly se-lected and divided into experimental and control groups (50 in each group). In the expe-rimental group, obstetrical cares were provided by one midwife since the beginning of active phase of labor with her continuous presence at the bedside of parturient (continu-ing care) whereas in the control group, cares were provided by several midwives and without their continuous presence. Labor consequences (including labor duration) rec-orded for both groups. The data were analyzed through SPSS13 and inferential statistics including independent sample t-test. RESULTS In the experimental group, the lengths of the first and second stages were shorter (per minute) than those of control group (p = 0.001). However, the length of the third stage of labor had no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.083). Totally, the lengths of delivery including the first, second and third stages were shorter in the experimental group than in control group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The results showed that low number of midwives and their continuous presence on bedside of parturient had a positive effect on reducing the deli-very duration. Therefore, being with "parturient" not only does promote the quality of obstetric care, also can promote the health of society.
v 2 2 4 Ju n 19 99 Fluctuations in 2 D reversibly-damped turbulence

Gallavotti proposed an equivalence principle in hydrodynamics, which states that forced-damped fluids can be equally well represented by means of the Navier-Stokes equations and by means of time reversible dynamical systems called GNS. In the GNS systems, the usual viscosity is replaced by a state-dependent dissipation term which fixes one global quantity. The principle states that the mean values of properly chosen observables are the same for both representations of the fluid. In the same paper, the chaotic hypothesis of Gallavotti and Cohen is applied to hydrodynamics, leading to the conjecture that entropy fluctuations in the GNS system verify a relation first observed in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. We tested these ideas in the case of twodimensional fluids. We examined the fluctuations of global quadratic quantities in the statistically stationary state of a) the Navier-Stokes equations; b) the GNS equations. Our results are consistent with the validity of the fluctuation relation, and of the equivalence principle, indicating possible extensions thereof. Moreover, in these results the difference between the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem and the Evans-Searles identity is evident. PACS1998 numbers: 47.27. Gs, 05.40. +j, 05.70. Ln AMS1991 numbers: 82C05, 76F20
Hemorheology and Microvascular Disorders

The present review presents basic concepts of blood rheology related to vascular diseases. Blood flow in large arteries is dominated by inertial forces exhibited at high flow velocities, while viscous forces (i.e., blood rheology) play an almost negligible role. When high flow velocity is compromised by sudden deceleration as at a bifurcation, endothelial cell dysfunction can occur along the outer wall of the bifurcation, initiating inflammatory gene expression and, through mechanotransduction, the cascade of events associated with atherosclerosis. In sharp contrast, the flow of blood in microvessels is dominated by viscous shear forces since the inertial forces are negligible due to low flow velocities. Shear stress is a critical parameter in microvascular flow, and a force-balance approach is proposed for determining microvascular shear stress, accounting for the low Reynolds numbers and the dominance of viscous forces over inertial forces. Accordingly, when the attractive forces between erythrocytes (represented by the yield stress of blood) are greater than the shear force produced by microvascular flow, tissue perfusion itself cannot be sustained, leading to capillary loss. The yield stress parameter is presented as a diagnostic candidate for future clinical research, specifically, as a fluid dynamic biomarker for microvascular disorders. The relation between the yield stress and diastolic blood viscosity (DBV) is described using the Casson model for viscosity, from which one may be able determine thresholds of DBV where the risk of microvascular disorders is high.
Lymphomas in men at high risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) a study of 21 cases

An increased incidence of lymphoid neoplasias is associated with the states of immune deficiency, both congenital and acquired. Twenty‐one cases of lymphoma in men at high risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were diagnosed in one community hospital in New York City within the last 2 years. The mean age of these patients was 39.6 years, 20 were homosexual, and 1 was an intravenous drug abuser. There were 3 Hodgkin's and 18 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of various histologic types, but almost all of high‐grade categories. The proportion of extranodal lymphomas, the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, bone marrow, and myocardium were significantly higher than in the lymphomas of the general population. The phenotypes were B‐cell and non‐B‐non‐T‐cell types without any T‐cell lymphomas. All patients had reversed helper–suppressor T‐cell ratios and all those tested had circulating HTLV‐III antibodies. Seven patients have had previous lymph node biopsies performed, showing the lesions of AIDS‐related lymphadenopathies that often were directly associated with lymphoma. A variety of severe opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma affected these patients. All lymphomas in this group were highly aggressive, involved multiple organs, and responded poorly to treatment, resulting in early deaths.
Design and Evaluation of Novel Textile Wearable Systems for the Surveillance of Vital Signals

This article addresses the design, development, and evaluation of T-shirt prototypes that embed novel textile sensors for the capture of cardio and respiratory signals. The sensors are connected through textile interconnects to either an embedded custom-designed data acquisition and transmission unit or to snap fastener terminals for connection to external monitoring devices. The performance of the T-shirt prototype is evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio amplitude and signal interference caused by baseline wander and motion artefacts, through laboratory tests with subjects in standing and walking conditions. Performance tests were also conducted in a hospital environment using a T-shirt prototype connected to a commercial three-channel Holter monitoring device. The textile sensors and interconnects were realized with the assistance of an industrial six-needle digital embroidery tool and their resistance to wear addressed with normalized tests of laundering and abrasion. The performance of these wearable systems is discussed, and pathways and methods for their optimization are highlighted.
Respite care as a community care service: Factors associated with the effects on family carers of adults with intellectual disability in Taiwan

Abstract Background This study examines the effects and associated factors of respite care, which was legislated as a community service for adults with an intellectual disability (ID) in Taiwan in 1997. Method A total of 116 family carers who live with an adult with ID and have utilised the respite care program were surveyed using standardised measures. Results The results suggest that the most notable effects of respite care include improvement in the carers' social support and life satisfaction, and relief of psychological stress and overall burden of care. The factors associated with these effects include the way the participants have used the respite care and the users' individual characteristics. Conclusions How families used the respite care, whether the carers practised a religion, and where the families resided, were the most significant factors in determining the effectiveness of the respite. Suggestions are made for making access to information about the program more widely available, and for extending the availability and duration of the service.
Measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis: an illustration using IQ test performance of minorities

Measurement invariance with respect to groups is an essential aspect of the fair use of scores of intelligence tests and other psychological measurements. It is widely believed that equal factor loadings are sufficient to establish measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis. Here, it is shown why establishing measurement invariance with confirmatory factor analysis requires a statistical test of the equality over groups of measurement intercepts. Without this essential test, measurement bias may be overlooked. A re-analysis of a study by Te Nijenhuis, Tolboom, Resing, and Bleichrodt (2004) on ethnic differences on the RAKIT IQ test illustrates that ignoring intercept differences may lead to the conclusion that bias of IQ tests with respect to minorities is small, while in reality bias is quite severe.
Dimensions of Effective College Instruction

Prior research on the dimensions of effective college instruction is critically summarized. Problems with factor analytic studies include: the lack of a theoretical rationale for item selection; the use of incorrect units of analysis; the lack of student randomization to classes; the failure to control for setting effects; and, low content and construct validity. Suggestions for future research and implications for summative and formative evaluation are described.
Direct Measurement of T Cell Subset Kinetics In Vivo in Elderly Men and Women1

The age-associated decline in immunocompetence is paralleled by changes in the proportions of PBL subpopulations. In turn, the size and composition of the peripheral lymphocyte pool is determined by input from the thymus and bone marrow and by the balance of proliferation and death in each lymphocyte subpopulation. We compared the kinetics of lymphocyte subtypes in young (seven of eight CMV seronegative) and healthy elderly human subjects (six of seven CMV seropositive), using deuterated glucose DNA labeling in vivo to measure rates of T cell proliferation and disappearance. For CD45RO+ cells of both CD4+ and CD8+ subtypes and for CD4+CD45RA+ cells the kinetics of proliferation and disappearance were remarkably similar between elderly and young subjects. In the young, the kinetics of CD8+CD45RA+ cells with a naive phenotype resembled those of CD4+CD45RA+ cells. However, CD8+CD45RA+ T cells from the elderly exhibited a predominantly primed phenotype, and for this subset, although the proliferation rate was similar to that of other CD45RA+ cells, the disappearance rate of labeled cells was greatly decreased compared with that of all other T cell subsets. Our data provide a direct demonstration that there are no substantial changes in in vivo kinetics for most T cell populations in healthy elderly compared with young subjects. However, primed CD8+CD45RA+ cells show unusual kinetic properties, indicating the persistence of these cells in the blood and dissociation of proliferation from disappearance.
Storytelling In Daily Life: Performing Narrative

Acknowledgments Part I. A Communication Approach to Storytelling 1. Performing Narrative in Daily Life Part II. Family Storytelling: A Strategy of Small Group Culture 2. Ordering Content and Making Family Stories 3. Family Storytelling: Ordering Tasks in Small Group Cultures 4. Performing Families: Ordering Group and Personal Identities Part III. Storytelling Practices: Three Case Studies 5. Storytelling in a Weblog: Performing Narrative in a Digital Age 6. Breast Cancer Storytelling: The Limits of Narrative Closure in Survivor Discourse 7. Performing Narrative on Stage: Identity and Agency in an Autobiographical Performance Coda Notes References Index
Three-Dimensional Kinematics at the Level of the Oculomotor Plant

Motor systems often require that superfluous degrees of freedom be constrained. For the oculomotor system, a redundancy in the degrees of freedom occurs during visually guided eye movements and is solved by implementing Listing’s law and the half-angle rule, kinematic constraints that limit the range of eye positions and angular velocities used by the eyes. These constraints have been attributed either to neurally generated commands or to the physical mechanics of the eye and its surrounding muscles and tissues (i.e., the ocular plant). To directly test whether the ocular plant implements the half-angle rule, critical to the maintenance of Listing’s law, we microstimulated the abducens nerve with the eye at different initial vertical eye positions. We report that the electrically evoked eye velocity exhibits the same eye position dependence as seen in visually guided smooth-pursuit eye movements. These results support an important role for the ocular plant in providing a solution to the degrees-of-freedom problem during eye movements.