Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone resorption in multiple myeloma and in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: quantification by urinary pyridinium cross-links of collagen.

To quantify osseous breakdown in multiple myeloma (MM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and benign osteoporosis, we measured urinary levels of pyridinium cross-links of collagen in 50 patients with newly diagnosed and untreated MM, 40 patients with MGUS, 40 untreated patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and 64 healthy adults. Ion-paired, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure total urinary excretion of pyridinoline (h-PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (h-DPD). Urinary excretion of free immunoreactive deoxypyridinoline (i-DPD) was determined with an enzyme immunoassay. MM patients had significantly (P < .0001) higher levels of h-PYD, h-DPD, and i-DPD than the healthy adults, patients with MGUS, or patients with osteoporosis. The MGUS and osteoporosis groups presented with elevated (P < .05) levels of urinary pyridinium cross-links when compared with healthy controls. In 20 MM patients who subsequently received chemotherapy, the percent changes in i-DPD did not correlate with the changes in the monoclonal protein. In one of three patients experiencing a transition of initial MGUS into stage I MM, i-DPD increased above the upper limit of the normal range. In 13 patients with stable MGUS, i-DPD remained normal in repeated measurements. Based on the upper limits of the normal range, the sensitivity of urinary pyridinium cross-links in stage I and II MM was low (<50%), but it was between 78% (h-DPD) and 93% (i-DPD) in stage III MM. Specificity in patients with MGUS was between 87% (h-PYD) and 97% (h-DPD). In conclusion, determining the urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links seems to be a promising noninvasive and thus easily repeatable method for evaluating the actual degree of osseous breakdown. Although measurement of pyridinium cross-link levels is not useful in discriminating patients with MGUS from early-stage myeloma patients, determination of i-DPD levels may contribute importantly to clinical guidance, since increased i-DPD levels seem to identify patients who are particularly likely to benefit from osteoclast-inhibiting drugs such as bisphosphonates. The fact that in a number of patients paraprotein concentrations and i-DPD levels did not change in parallel but instead diverged strongly after chemotherapy might explain the observation that bone lesions sometimes progress even in patients who achieve complete remission.
TriFlow: Triaging Android Applications using Speculative Information Flows

Information flows in Android can be effectively used to give an informative summary of an application's behavior, showing how and for what purpose apps use specific pieces of information. This has been shown to be extremely useful to characterize risky behaviors and, ultimately, to identify unwanted or malicious applications in Android. However, identifying information flows in an application is computationally highly expensive and, with more than one million apps in the Google Play market, it is critical to prioritize applications that are likely to pose a risk. In this work, we develop a triage mechanism to rank applications considering their potential risk. Our approach, called TriFlow, relies on static features that are quick to obtain. TriFlow combines a probabilistic model to predict the existence of information flows with a metric of how significant a flow is in benign and malicious apps. Based on this, TriFlow provides a score for each application that can be used to prioritize analysis. TriFlow also provides an explanatory report of the associated risk. We evaluate our tool with a representative dataset of benign and malicious Android apps. Our results show that it can predict the presence of information flows very accurately and that the overall triage mechanism enables significant resource saving.
Interleaved text/image Deep Mining on a large-scale radiology database

Despite tremendous progress in computer vision, effective learning on very large-scale (> 100K patients) medical image databases has been vastly hindered. We present an interleaved text/image deep learning system to extract and mine the semantic interactions of radiology images and reports from a national research hospital's picture archiving and communication system. Instead of using full 3D medical volumes, we focus on a collection of representative ~216K 2D key images/slices (selected by clinicians for diagnostic reference) with text-driven scalar and vector labels. Our system interleaves between unsupervised learning (e.g., latent Dirichlet allocation, recurrent neural net language models) on document- and sentence-level texts to generate semantic labels and supervised learning via deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to map from images to label spaces. Disease-related key words can be predicted for radiology images in a retrieval manner. We have demonstrated promising quantitative and qualitative results. The large-scale datasets of extracted key images and their categorization, embedded vector labels and sentence descriptions can be harnessed to alleviate the deep learning “data-hungry” obstacle in the medical domain.
Prospect of ballistic CNFET in high performance applications: Modeling and analysis

With the advent of carbon nanotube technology, evaluating circuit and system performance using these devices is becoming extremely important. In this article, we present a quasi-analytical device model for intrinsic ballistic CNFET, which can be used in any conventional circuit simulator like SPICE. This simple quasi-analytical model is effective in a wide variety of CNFET structures as well as for a wide range of operating conditions in the digital circuit application domain. We also provide insight into how the parasitic fringe capacitance in state-of-the-art CNFET geometries impacts the overall performance of CNFET circuits. We show that unless the device width can be significantly reduced, the effective gate capacitance of CNFET will be strongly dominated by the parasitic fringe capacitances, and the superior performance of intrinsic CNFET over silicon MOSFET cannot be achieved in circuit. We further show that unlike conventional MOSFET, nanotube FETs are significantly less sensitive to many process parameter variations due to their inherent device structures and cylindrical gate geometry.
Deconstruction of cultural dominance in Korean EFL textbooks

This article examines patterns of cultural representations embedded in Korean EFL textbooks, using a content analysis to investigate how different cultures are reflected in textbooks and whether or not cultural biases are present. In the revised Korean national English curriculum that has been implemented since 2009, English is viewed as a language of global and cosmopolitan citizenship. The curriculum promotes cultural diversity and attempts to embrace cross-cultural and cross-linguistic differences. However, the analysis of four textbooks, which were developed according to the curriculum, reveals that they favor American English and culture. Furthermore, although the textbooks show various cultural/intercultural interactions, the interactions are primarily limited to a superficial level of discussion, and non-Korean, white, mostly American and male characters play a dominant role in the texts. As a result, this reproduces social inequalities regarding race, nationality, and gender by favoring mainstream white American male representations over others. The analysis is followed by a discussion of the reproduction of dominant knowledge, cultural biases, and inequalities embedded in the texts and suggests that teachers should take a critical approach to intercultural education in order to instill more inclusive and critical worldviews in their students.
The measurement of reliability of social relations components from round-robin designs

The social relations model (SRM) is a useful tool for measuring relationship effects, defined as the unique perceptions or behaviors of 2 people. The sources of variance in SRM studies are persons (actors and partners), groups, and items; the relationship effect is defined as the actor–partner interaction. By removing variance because of persons and groups, a measure of a “pure” relationship effect is obtained. In this article, generalizability theory (G Theory) is applied to estimate the reliability of SRM components from round-robin data structures. Using G Theory, reliability formulas for actor, partner, group, and relationship are developed and interpretations for the reliability estimates are provided. The authors also discuss how these formulas can be used in both planning and interpreting results from relationship research.
Differentiating zones at periodontal ligament-bone and periodontal ligament-cementum entheses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The structural and functional integrity of bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-cementum complex stems from the load-bearing attachment sites (entheses) between soft (PDL) and hard (bone, cementum) tissues. These attachment sites are responsible for the maintenance of a bone-PDL-cementum complex biomechanical function. The objective was to investigate changes in spatiotemporal expression of key biomolecules in developing and functionally active entheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Multilabeling technique was performed on hemimandibles of 3 wk and 3 mo-old scleraxis-GFP transgenic mice for CD146, CD31, NG2, osterix and bone sialoprotein. Regions of dominant stretch within the PDL were evaluated by identifying directionality of collagen fibrils, PDL fibroblasts and PDL cell cytoskeleton. RESULTS CD146+ cells adjacent to CD31+ vasculature were identified at PDL-bone enthesis. NG2+ cells were located at coronal bone-PDL and apical cementum-PDL entheses in the 3-wk-old group, but at 3 mo, NG2 was positive at the entheses of the apical region and alveolar crest. NG2 and osterix were colocalized at the osteoid and cementoid regions of the PDL-bone and PDL-cementum entheses. Bone sialoprotein was prominent at the apical region of 3-wk-old mice. The directionality of collagen fibers, fibroblasts and their cytoskeleton overlapped, except in the apical region of 3 wk. CONCLUSION Colocalization of biomolecules at zones of the PDL adjacent to attachment sites may be essential for the formation of precementum and osteoid interfaces at a load-bearing bone-PDL-tooth fibrous joint. Biophysical cues resulting from development and function can regulate recruitment and differentiation of stem cells potentially from a vascular origin toward osteo- and cemento-blastic lineages at the PDL-bone and PDL-cementum entheses. Investigating the coupled effect of biophysical and biochemical stimuli leading to cell differentiation at the functional attachment sites is critical for developing regeneration strategies to enable functional reconstruction of the periodontal complex.
Impact on Car Driving Performance of a Following Distance Warning System: Findings from the Australian Transport Accident Commission SafeCar Project

The Transport Accident Commission (TAC) SafeCar study evaluated the impact of three Intelligent Transport System technologies, alone and in combination, on driver performance: Following Distance Warning; Intelligent Speed Adaptation; and a Seatbelt Reminder. Each test vehicle or “SafeCar” was also equipped with Daytime Running Lights and a Reverse Collision Warning system. Twenty-three fleet car drivers each drove a SafeCar for 16,500 kilometers. This article focuses on the impact on driving performance, mental workload and driver acceptability of the Following Distance Warning system. The results revealed that the Following Distance Warning system had a positive effect on drivers' following behavior, with use of the system significantly increasing mean time gap between the SafeCars and lead vehicles in several speed zones and reducing time gap variability in one speed zone. The system was rated as acceptable by the drivers and did not increase subjective mental workload. However, most drivers did report an increase in frustration when using the system, brought about by the occasional issuing of nuisance warnings.
UWB pulse propagation in human tissue: Comparison between Gaussian and square waves shape

The detection and the viewing by the radar waves in the opaque medium are going to establish in the coming years a strategic stake in the area of biomedical application. This work studies the performance of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) signals. These signals have to be sent towards the human body to detect the heart beatings. In previous works, the estimation of UWB pulse attenuation in the human tissue was made by FDTD method or the Friis formula. This paper presents a comparison study between two waves shape; the first one is a Gaussian pulse wave and the second one is a square. These signals have the same central frequency. The comparison of performance of signal is done at the antenna level and the propagation medium. An impedance of 50 Ω characterizes the transmitter antenna. The propagation medium is modeled by four superimposing layers characterized by semi-infinite thickness, dielectric constant and conductivity. ULB wave propagation in such a medium is modeled by the “Finites Differences Time Domain method (FDTD)”. This method is a discretization in time and space of Maxwell's equations in order to find a space-time evolution of the electromagnetic field.
A Note on the Cohomology of Finite-Dimensional Cocommutative Hopf Algebras☆

Abstract In the context of finite-dimensional cocommutative Hopf algebras, we prove versions of various group cohomology results: the Quillen–Venkov theorem on detecting nilpotence in group cohomology, Chouinard's theorem on determining whether akG-module is projective by restricting to elementary abelianp-subgroups ofG, and Quillen's theorem which identifies the cohomology ofG, “modulo nilpotent elements. ” This last result is only proved for graded connected Hopf algebras.
Unified Huntington's disease rating scale: A follow up

An objective assessment of the clinical findings in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) is necessary for an evaluation of the longitudinal progression of the disease features. The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) is a scale to assess clinical performance and functional capacity. The authors examined the 1‐year change in UHDRS scores in 78 patients with HD examined either in Leiden, the Netherlands (24 men, 25 women), or in Rochester, New York, United States (12 men, 17 women). A significant decline was seen in motor function, measured with the total motor scale. The total dystonia score increased significantly; the total chorea score did not. The frequency of behavioral disorders tended to increase. The scores on independence scale, functional assessment, total functional capacity, and symbol digit decreased significantly. No relation was observed between the UHDRS items and the age at onset or duration of illness. Thirteen patients with 2‐year follow up showed a clear increase in score on the total motor scale and a decline on the independence scale and in total functional capacity. The UHDRS may also be used as a tool for determining therapeutic intervention. Annual evaluation of the total motor scale in every patient gives a clear description of the motor progression of the disease. The authors suggest performing a total UHDRS evaluation every second year for every HD patient as part of the routine longitudinal evaluation.
Automated three-axis gonioreflectometer for computer graphics applications

We describe an automated three-axis BRDF measurement instrument that can help increase the physical realism of computer graphics images by providing light scattering data for the surfaces within a synthetic scene that is to be rendered. To our knowledge, the instrument is unique in combining wide angular coverage (beyond 85° from the surface normal), dense sampling of the visible wavelength spectrum (1024 samples), and rapid operation (less than ten hours for complete measurement of an isotropic sample). The gonioreflectometer employs a broadband light source and a detector with a diffraction grating and linear diode array. Validation was achieved by comparisons against reference surfaces and other instruments. The accuracy and spectral and angular ranges of the BRDFs are appropriate for computer graphics imagery, while reciprocity and energy conservation are preserved. Measured BRDFs on rough aluminum, metallic silver automotive paint, and a glossy yellow paint are reported, and an example rendered automotive image is included.
Hypnotic Hallucinations as “Unmonitored” Images: An Empirical Study

In studying waking images and hypnotic hallucinations, most psychologists have implicitly adopted Hume's sensory continuum theory: that perceived sensations and imaged sensations differ only inasmuch as the latter tend to be less vivid. The current research contrasts sensory continuum theory with an alternative theory: that the central innervation of waking images, especially vivid images, is neurally monitored and tacitly known. To the extent that vivid images demand a greater amount of central innervation, the image-monitoring process should register them more quickly than faint images, even though vivid images are closer to percepts on the sensory continuum. Consistent with image-monitoring theory and contrary to sensory continuum theory, waking subjects discriminated percepts more quickly from vivid images than from faint images. In contrast, deeply hypnotized subjects did not discriminate percepts most quickly from vivid images. The latter result suggests that deep hypnosis attenuates the monitoring process and, thereby, turns “centrally innervated” images into “unmonitored” hallucinations – the most vivid of which tend to be least distinguishable from hypnotic percepts.
Work, Identity and the Quasi‐market: The FE Experience

The Further and Higher Education Act (1992) brought about the incorporation of further education (FE) colleges in England and Wales. This legislation effectively removed the influence and control that Local Education Authorities (LEAs) had over the educational provision of colleges and created a quasi‐market in which local colleges were forced to compete for students and funds. My research involved an investigation into how quasi‐marketisation impacted upon the work and lives of teachers, middle and senior managers in three colleges in the city of Coppleton in the West Midlands region of England. I was interested in exploring how quasi‐marketisation affected staff at different levels within the colleges and whether dominant cultures emerged. My findings were that the managerialist practices that became widespread through the sector as a consequence of quasi‐marketisation were deployed strategically within colleges; that marketisation served to place colleges’ self‐interest over the interests of students; and that the quasi‐market environment impacted on data in specific (negative) ways.
Cell Phones, Text Messaging, and Facebook: Competing Time Demands of Today's College Students

This study of time use and entertainment choices of college students used a triangulated approach to discover how college students use and manage their time. From the data we gathered through time diaries, students indicated that the greatest amount of personal time is spent in some form of communication (talking face to face, texting, talking on the phone, and using social networking Web sites). Students spent about the same amount of time studying for courses (M = 11.91 hours per week, SD = 3.27) as they do actually attending courses each week (M = 12.35, SD 4.51). By comparison, students reported spending 14.35 hours each week texting and 6.49 hours talking on the phone. Females had statistically higher GPAs than males and scored higher on academic striving. Data indicated that students were engaged by instructors who seemed passionate about the content they were teaching, viewed their college education through the lens of a consumer model, and expected to have a personal connection with their professors. Recommendations for adapting instructional strategies are provided.
Irrealis in Sranan: Mood and modality in a radical creole

Since Bickerton's (1974, 1981) arguments in favor of a prototypical creole TMA system, it has become almost the norm among most creolists to refer to the category which expresses futurity in Caribbean English Creole and other creoles as irrealis. This label is clearly inappropriate, since it suggests that the meaninig of futurity is subsumed along with other semantic notions under a unitary category of irrealis mood. According to Bickerton (1975, p.42) irrealis mood refers to unreal time - that is, futures and conditionals, subjunctives, and so on. With few exceptions, creolists have tended to accept Bickerton's claim that these are manifestations of the same category. The fact is that all creoles distinguish future tense categories from others which express different types of irrealis meaning associated with mood and modality. The present paper employs frameworks from Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca (1994), Palmer (1986), and others to present an informal, pre-theoretical account to the semantics of modality in Sranan. I describe the modal categories of Sranan, and the way various auxiliaries are used to convey both deontic and epistemic meanings. I also discuss the way modal meanings are conveyed in conditionals and other subordinate clauses, particularly those traditionally associated with subjunctive mood. The analysis offered here provides a basis for comparison with other creoles, to determine the degree of similarity and difference among their systems of modality
Banks in full flower

Harold B. Carter, Sir Joseph Banks 1743-1820. British Museum (Natural History), London, 1988. Pp. 671. £45.00. ISBN 0 565 009931. Harold B. Carter, Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820): a guide to biographical and bibliographical sources. St Paul’s Bibliographies, Winchester, 1987. Pp. 328. £45.00. ISBN 0906795 451. Judith Diment and C.J. Humphries (ed.), Banks’ Florilegium: a publication in 34 parts of 738 copperplate engravings of plants collected on Captain Cook’s first voyage. Alecto Historical Editions, London, 1980-88. About £147,000. Patrick O’Brian, Joseph Banks: a life. Collins Harvill, London, 1988. Pp. 328. £15.00. ISBN 0002173506. £6.95 pbk. ISBN 0002723409. Like moths round a flame, historians of science have a habit of clustering round particular key pivotal figures. They scrutinize their published works with ever closer and closer attention; they disinter their drafts and journals and letters; they argue endlessly about what exactly was meant, where the ideas came from and what happened when. The most salient of these scholarly ‘industries’ are those devoted to Darwin and Newton, each of them sufficiently epoch-making in what they thought and wrote to act as a lure for the more philosophical as well as for those whose primary relish is for the basic excavating. The latter, indeed, is all-important: a full-scale historical ‘industry’ can scarcely arise if the material calling for study has all along been fully in print. There needs to be a great deal as well buried out of sight, which, once revealed, is capable of modifying the received interpretations and thereby engendering continuing debate.