Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporeality, Sadomasochism and Sexual Trauma

Work in body studies and theories of affect challenge the mind/body dualism where human action/behavior is shown to be an embodied, lived event. More specifically, bodily practices not only inform/shape human subjectivity but convey what language—words—often cannot. BDSM is one such practice that illuminates embodied subjectivities, where the flesh proves pivotal to one’s orientation to/with the world. In this article I explore women BDSMers who, as survivors of sexual violence, engage in BDSM rape play. BDSM rape play foregrounds the flesh, exemplifying quite powerfully “bodily capacity,” one where bodily disintegration that occurred with the sexual assault is disrupted through bodily recuperation. This felt experience—the body as the source of insight—carries considerable weight, and should inform our thinking when it comes to feminist explorations of sexuality and those contentious and controversial practices such as BDSM.
Roots to mobility: The social mobility of Britain's black population, 1971–87

Abstract The social mobility of Britain's Afro‐Caribbean and Asian populations is an under‐researched topic. Extant studies are briefly described before new data are presented from two sources which have been little used in this context. The Labour Force Survey and Longitudinal Study allow an outline description of aggregate and individual social mobility during the 1970s and 1980s. These data suggest that, although members of certain ethnic groups are gaining social mobility, in aggregate the groups have failed to gain parity with the white population.
ATP-Mediated Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Airway Epithelial Cells Involves DUOX1-Dependent Oxidation of Src and ADAM17

The respiratory epithelium is subject to continuous environmental stress and its responses to injury or infection are largely mediated by transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling cascades. Based on previous studies indicating involvement of ATP-dependent activation of the NADPH oxidase homolog DUOX1 in epithelial wound responses, the present studies were performed to elucidate the mechanisms by which DUOX1-derived H2O2 participates in ATP-dependent redox signaling and EGFR transactivation. ATP-mediated EGFR transactivation in airway epithelial cells was found to involve purinergic P2Y2 receptor stimulation, and both ligand-dependent mechanisms as well as ligand-independent EGFR activation by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src. Activation of Src was also essential for ATP-dependent activation of the sheddase ADAM17, which is responsible for liberation and activation of EGFR ligands. Activation of P2Y2R results in recruitment of Src and DUOX1 into a signaling complex, and transient siRNA silencing or stable shRNA transfection established a critical role for DUOX1 in ATP-dependent activation of Src, ADAM17, EGFR, and downstream wound responses. Using thiol-specific biotin labeling strategies, we determined that ATP-dependent EGFR transactivation was associated with DUOX1-dependent oxidation of cysteine residues within Src as well as ADAM17. In aggregate, our findings demonstrate that DUOX1 plays a central role in overall epithelial defense responses to infection or injury, by mediating oxidative activation of Src and ADAM17 in response to ATP-dependent P2Y2R activation as a proximal step in EGFR transactivation and downstream signaling.
Are People High in Skepticism About Anthropogenic Climate Change Necessarily Resistant to Influence? Some Cause for Optimism

A sizable minority of people doubt that climate change is primarily caused by human activity (“attribution skeptics”). Consequently, it is important to examine the psychological drivers of pro-environmental intentions among attribution skeptics and the extent to which they are more or less influenced by traditional climate change messages. Study 1 (N = 4,345) examined the psychological correlates of motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors among people at various points of the spectrum of belief in anthropogenic climate change. As expected, motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors is related to risk perceptions and concern about the consequences of climate change. Interestingly, however, these links were stronger the more participants reported being skeptical that climate change is anthropogenic. This suggests that climate change interventions might be especially successful in changing pro-environmental motivation among attribution skeptics, a prediction supported by an experimental intervention (Study 2; N = 600). Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Adaptive Learning as Potential Descent CS 6998 – Advanced Computational Learning Theory Final project report

Adaptive learning techniques are used in numerous algorithms for classification, prediction and strategic game play1, including boosting. However, these techniques are not unique to computational learning theory. Adaptive learning approaches are also used in the social sciences2, particularly in stochastic game theory. The goal of this paper is to show that there exist significant connections between adaptive learning in contemporary game theory, and adaptive learning in computational learning theory. For instance, the GRL model of adaptive learning for binary choice games [5], a particular case of which is the Roth-Erev (RE) stochastic learning model, is related to Hart and Mas-Collel’s regret-matching algorithm for finding correlated equilibria [10]. Both algorithms (along with several other important learning procedures) are special cases of the potential-descent framework of Cesa-Bianchi and Lugosi [3]. This framework is important for at least two reasons. First, it permits the generalization of a large number of important adaptive algorithms in computer science as well as in game theory. Second, it gives a new theoretical basis for the derivation of bounds on loss and convergence which can in some cases be applied to learning models in the social sciences, as we will show with the RE model. The connections between adaptive learning in game theory and computer science can be seen as instances of the relationship between artificial intelligence and game theory discussed by Tennenholtz [17]. In particular, Tennenholtz cites three fundamental issues of relevance in both fields: reasoning and rationality in distributed environments, learning in uncertain
Memory and Decision Making: Determining Action when the Sirens Sound

AbstractMemories, both semantic, or learned knowledge, and episodic, or personal experiences, play an important role in an individual’s decision making under risk. In addition, varying levels of knowledge and experience exist in each individual. These memories enable individuals to make informed decisions based on previous knowledge or experience, and ultimately influence one’s behavior under risk. In this study, 49 undergraduate students participated in a 1-h, classroom-based experiment focusing on decision making. The sample contained n = 23 “episodic” participants, referred to as “high episodic,” who reported having personally experienced a tornado and n = 24 participants, referred to as “low episodic,” who had no reported tornado experience. Incomplete data reported by the remaining participants were not included in this study. All participants completed a decision-making task both before and after viewing a 5-min slideshow stimulus related to tornadoes and associated damage. This decision-making task.
Adolescent personality and school and college performance: A follow‐up study

This study reports correlations between the High School Personality Questionnaire and various indices of school achievement and compares the validities with prior studies. Three achievement scores are utilized: a self-report of high-school grades, a parental report of high-school grades several years after the testing, and actual college grades several years after the testing. In all cases, the results were similar and substantial, and consonant with typical values from earlier, nonlongitudinal studies.
Exercise-Induced Fitness Changes Correlate with Changes in Neural Specificity in Older Adults

Neural specificity refers to the degree to which neural representations of different stimuli can be distinguished. Evidence suggests that neural specificity, operationally defined as stimulus-related differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns, declines with advancing adult age, and that individual differences in neural specificity are associated with individual differences in fluid intelligence. A growing body of literature also suggests that regular physical activity may help preserve cognitive abilities in old age. Based on this literature, we hypothesized that exercise-induced improvements in fitness would be associated with greater neural specificity among older adults. A total of 52 adults aged 59–74 years were randomly assigned to one of two aerobic-fitness training regimens, which differed in intensity. Participants in both groups trained three times a week on stationary bicycles. In the low-intensity (LI) group, the resistance was kept constant at a low level (10 Watts). In the high-intensity (HI) group, the resistance depended on participants’ heart rate and therefore typically increased with increasing fitness. Before and after the 6-month training phase, participants took part in a functional MRI experiment in which they viewed pictures of faces and buildings. We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to estimate the distinctiveness of neural activation patterns in ventral visual cortex (VVC) evoked by face or building stimuli. Fitness was also assessed before and after training. In line with our hypothesis, training-induced changes in fitness were positively associated with changes in neural specificity. We conclude that physical activity may protect against age-related declines in neural specificity.
Exploring teacher identity from a holistic perspective: reconstructing and reconnecting personal and professional selves

This article explores the influence of personal and professional experiences on the development of teacher identity. The holistic perspective in this article refers to the language teachers’ exploration of their personal and professional experiences with the use of both conscious/rational and intuitive/tacit thought processes. Three language teachers explored their beliefs, perceptions, and interpretations originating in their personal, educational, and professional experiences that also affected their teacher identity. Reflexive autobiographical journaling, a guided visualization activity, and three in-depth interviews were used as research methods. The results confirm that teacher identity is deeply embedded in one’s personal biography. The participants’ beliefs and interpretations rooted in their family environment made an impact on their school experiences, career choice, instructional practice, teaching philosophy, and teacher identity. The results suggest that the analysis of teachers’ personal life experiences and their impact on teaching can lead to a holistic understanding of the dominant influences on the development of teacher identity. This research suggests that there may be a broader spectrum of the influences on teacher identity development in professional development than heretofore acknowledged. This paper argues for the necessity of designing an integrated personal and professional development program for language teachers.
Japanese consumers' use of extrinsic and intrinsic cues to mitigate risky food choices

The stated preference data were used to simulate and examine consumers' valuation of important extrinsic and intrinsic cues that are associated with risky foods. This analysis generates information on how consumers assess trade-offs between price and selected intrinsic and extrinsic cues to determine their choice among alternative products. From this, optimum level of product quality attributes (i.e. intrinsic cues) and optimum price level for import products can be derived. Also, most effective sources of communicating food safety and risk management can be identified. The results show that the country origin cue is a key factor in understanding consumers' choice behaviour for food product that entails potential risk, which may suggest that consumers are using this information as a risk-reduction strategy.
Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality

Introduction - W Richard Scott From Technology to Environment PART ONE: THE INSTITUTIONAL ORIGINS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Institutionalized Organizations - John W Meyer and Brian Rowan Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony Institutional and Technical Sources of Organizational Structure - John W Meyer, W Richard Scott, and Terrence E Deal Explaining the Structure of Educational Organizations PART TWO: VARIETIES OF INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS The Structure of Educational Organizations - John W Meyer and Brian Rowan Health Care Organizations in the 1980s - W Richard Scott The Convergence of Public and Professional Control Systems Reform Movements and Organizations - W Richard Scott The Case of Aging The Organization of Societal Sectors - W Richard Scott and John W Meyer The Organization of Environments - W Richard Scott Network, Cultural, and Historical Elements PART THREE: FRAGMENTED CENTRALIZATION AND ITS ORGANIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES Centralization of Funding and Control in Educational Governance - John W Meyer Centralization and the Legitimacy Problems of Local Government - John W Meyer and W Richard Scott Organizational Factors Affecting Legalization in Education - John W Meyer Innovation and Knowledge Use in American Public Education - John W Meyer Conclusion - John W Meyer Institutionalization and the Rationality of Formal Organizational Structure
Adventure Based Counseling: An Innovation in Counseling

Increasingly, Adventure Based Counseling (ABC) is recognized as providing a significant means to help clients. This article describes the outdoor and indoor adventure experience and its relationship to counseling. A conceptual framework of ABC has been developed to provide a better understanding of the process and potential benefits of this approach and to serve as a model for researchers. Counseling theories, educational theories, setting, programming, processing, and transferring client gains to real life are explained as well as the potential psychological, educational, sociological, physical, and spiritual benefits of ABC.
On the morphosyntactic status of complement-taking predicate clauses in Lithuanian

The semantic, functional and structural status of complement-taking predicates (CTPs) has been the subject of considerable debate among linguists during the last decades (cf. Nuyts 1994, 2001; Thompson 2002; Wierzbicka 2006; Boye and Harder 2007; Kaltenböck 2007, 2013; Schneider 2007; Verhagen 2007; Brinton 2008; van Bogaert 2009; Fetzer and Johansson 2010). One of the main structural issues discussed is whether CTPs and CTP clauses, namely constructions like I think (that), they say (that), you see (that), are superordinate main/matrix clauses requiring some specification, which is commonly expressed by a dependent complement clause following them, or whether they should be regarded as dependent and kind of “subordinated” to the complement clauses (Thompson 2002, 155; Verhagen 2007, 215). This paper takes its point of departure from the proposal (Boye and Harder 2007) that it is necessary to distinguish between the lexical and grammaticalized occurrences of CTPs and CTP clauses and discusses whether the proposal is applicable to Lithuanian data. For this purpose, a detailed quantitative and qualitative study of the findings of a corpus-based analysis of four basic types of CTP clauses in Lithuanian has been carried out.
Forensic inpatient male sexual offenders: The impact of personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse

Abstract Given the great epidemiological, social, and psychological importance of sexual offences, and their deleterious consequences for victims, it seems vital to focus on potential risk factors for becoming a sexual offender. Our study aims to contribute to a better understanding of specific risk factors for sexual offenders by including a number of potentially important variables: biographical, clinical, and forensic. The sample consisted of 51 male inpatients at two maximum security forensic hospitals in Germany. The 19 sexual offenders were compared to the 32 non-sexual offenders. Personality disorder diagnoses and childhood maltreatment were assessed by experts; current psychopathology and interpersonal problems were measured using self-report questionnaires. Narcissistic personality disorders were significantly more frequent in sexual offenders than in the comparison group. Moreover, sexual offenders had been sexually abused as children significantly more often than the non-sexual offenders. Our findings indicate that sexual victimization in childhood might be an important risk factor for sexual offending in later life. Therapeutic interventions for offenders focusing on their childhood sexual abuse might improve their psychosocial well-being and functioning, and their criminal prognosis.
Willful Blindness: The Inefficient Reward Structure in Academic Research

type="main" xml:lang="en"> This article examines how economics departments judge research articles and assign credit to authors. It begins with a demonstration that only strictly prorated author credit induces researchers to choose eﬃcient sized teams. Nevertheless, survey evidence reveals that most economics departments only partially prorate authorship credit, implying excessive coauthorship. Indeed, a half-century increase in coauthorship may be better explained by incomplete proration than by any increased specialization among authors. A possible explanation for the reliance on incomplete proration is the self-interest of economists who are more likely to engage coauthorship—full professors. The self-interest of senior faculty may also explain the relatively small role given to citations in senior promotions. A rational response by economists to the under-proration of author credit is to engage in false authorship. Although false authorship is of dubious ethical status, it may have the perverse impact of improving the eﬃciency of team production. Grossly excessive coauthorship, where little attention is paid to most authors listed on a paper, as found in some other academic disciplines, may be the path down which economics is headed if the reward structure is not altered. (JEL A14, O30, I23)
Metabolic Influences That Regulate Dendritic Cell Function in Tumors

Dendritic cells (DC) are critical regulators of both activation and tolerance in the adaptive immune response. The dual nature of DC immunoregulatory function depends on their differentiation and activation status. DC found within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-draining lymph node often exist in an inactive state, which is thought to limit the adaptive immune response elicited by the growing tumor. The major determinants of DC activation and the functional alterations in DC that result from integrating exogenous stimuli have been well investigated. Extensive efforts have been made to elucidate how the TME contributes to the inactivated/dysfunctional phenotype of tumor-associated DC (TADC). Although performed predominantly on in vitro DC cultures, recent evidence indicates that DC undergo required, coordinated alterations in their metabolism upon activation, and dysregulated metabolism in TADC is associated with their reduced immunostimulatory capacity. In this review, we will focus on the role of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism in DC activation and function and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be regulated in TADC. Further, we consider the need for developing novel experimental approaches to assess metabolic choices in vivo, and the necessity for integrating metabolic regulation into the optimized development of DC for tumor vaccines and immunotherapy for cancer.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare providers towards deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in five teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi.

BACKGROUND Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is underutilised in Pakistan. This cross-sectional survey was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare providers towards DVT prophylaxis in teaching hospitals in and around Rawalpindi. METHODS Knowledge, attitude and practices was assessed by a 12-item questionnaire filled-in by healthcare providers in five teaching hospitals. Eleven out of 12 questions were multiple-choice type and one was open ended. RESULTS One hundred-sixty-nine, out of 200 questionnaires were returned and were analysed. Total 43.2% of the respondents were house-officers. Although 98.8% agreed that DVT prophylaxis is clinically important, but 39.4% actually prescribed it themselves. Out of these, only 10.3% respondents did it routinely. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was the preferred prophylaxis used (36.7%). Most of the respondents underestimated the prevalence and consequences of DVT in hospitalised patients. CONCLUSION Knowledge and practices of healthcare providers about DVT prophylaxis in hospitalised patients is less than ideal. Hospitals need to develop their own guidelines for DVT prophylaxis.
Risk assessment of furan in commercially jarred baby foods, including insights into its occurrence and formation in freshly home-cooked foods for infants and young children

Furan is a possible human carcinogen (IARC group 2B) with widespread occurrence in many types of foods. In this study, a survey of furan contamination in 230 commercially jarred ready-to-eat infant food products was conducted using headspace sampling in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) with a detection limit of 0.2 µg kg−1. The incidence of furan contamination in jarred infant beverages, cereals and fruits was relatively low, with average concentrations below 10 µg kg−1. Significantly higher concentrations were found in pasta (34.8 ± 14.5 µg kg−1), meals containing meat (28.2 ± 15.0 µg kg−1), and meals containing vegetables (31.2 ± 17.3 µg kg−1). The average exposure of 6-month-old infants to furan was estimated to be 0.2 µg per kg bodyweight per day. The margin of exposure calculated using the T25 dose descriptor would be 2692, which points to a possible public health risk. In contrast to commercially jarred food products, none of 20 freshly home-prepared baby foods contained furan above the limit of detection. Only after re-heating in closed vessels was furan found to have formed. Furan was especially prevalent in reheated foods containing potatoes, with values ranging between 2.3 and 29.2 µg kg−1. The formation of furan in potato-containing baby foods was increased by addition of ascorbic acid, by longer heating times above 1 h and by temperatures above 50°C. Research regarding reduction of furan in commercial baby foods should be conducted, with a priority aimed at reducing this heat-induced contaminant without concomitantly increasing the microbiological risk.