Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acaps Are Arf6 Gtpase-Activating Proteins That Function in the Cell Periphery

The GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) regulates endosomal membrane trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton in the cell periphery. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are critical regulators of Arf function, controlling the return of Arf to the inactive GDP-bound state. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two Arf6 GAPs, ACAP1 and ACAP2. Together with two previously described Arf GAPs, ASAP1 and PAP, they can be grouped into a protein family defined by several common structural motifs including coiled coil, pleckstrin homology, Arf GAP, and three complete ankyrin-repeat domains. All contain phosphoinositide-dependent GAP activity. ACAP1 and ACAP2 are widely expressed and occur together in the various cultured cell lines we examined. Similar to ASAP1, ACAP1 and ACAP2 were recruited to and, when overexpressed, inhibited the formation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–induced dorsal membrane ruffles in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. However, in contrast with ASAP1, ACAP1 and ACAP2 functioned as Arf6 GAPs. In vitro, ACAP1 and ACAP2 preferred Arf6 as a substrate, rather than Arf1 and Arf5, more so than did ASAP1. In HeLa cells, overexpression of either ACAP blocked the formation of Arf6-dependent protrusions. In addition, ACAP1 and ACAP2 were recruited to peripheral, tubular membranes, where activation of Arf6 occurs to allow membrane recycling back to the plasma membrane. ASAP1 did not inhibit Arf6-dependent protrusions and was not recruited by Arf6 to tubular membranes. The additional effects of ASAP1 on PDGF-induced ruffling in fibroblasts suggest that multiple Arf GAPs function coordinately in the cell periphery.
Virtual Mentoring and HRD

The problem and the solution. The purpose of this article is to explore virtual mentoring and discuss its implications for human resource development (HRD) as an individual and career development intervention. The authors recognize virtual mentoring as an alternative to traditional mentoring that is easier to manage, less costly, unconstrained by geography or time, faster, and more egalitarian than traditional mentoring. This article defines, compares, and contrasts traditional and virtual mentoring. It discusses the benefits and challenges of using computer-mediated communication for mentoring purposes. It concludes with a discussion of how human resource development professionals can facilitate virtual mentoring in the global knowledge age. Key implications for HRD include using virtual mentoring as a lifelong education tool, educating mentors and protégés, supporting a multicultural workforce, and building knowledge.
Predictive Factors in the Initial Interview in Family Casework

This study was undertaken as one link in a chain of studies being conducted by the Community Service Society of New York in an effort to describe and evaluate, in scientific fashion, that sometimes elusive professional activity known as "social casework. " The first efforts were confined to developing a reliable and valid measuring instrument that would reflect the change in the client or his situation that occurred in association with the receipt of casework help. One instrument, the Movement Scale, was found to have a high degree of reliability when applied to case summaries by qualified persons trained in its use. Also, since it was developed from the consensus of a group of experienced caseworkers, a logical argument may be made for its intrinsic validity as a measure of change in the clients of family casework agencies.2 Having achieved such a standardized measuring instrument, the research team turned to a consideration of how the scores obtained with it might be related to other variables. This particular member of the team was especially interested in the predictability of movement, and so, fortunately, were the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation, whose grants to the agency made this study possible. Specifically, the task set was to disc ver the extent to which knowledge of certain factors, apparent or obtainable in the first interview, might enable one to pre ict the subsequent degree and direction of change that would occur in the client and/or his situation by the time the case was closed.
Multicommodity flows and cuts in polymatroidal networks

We consider multicommodity flow and cut problems in polymatroidal networks where there are submodular capacity constraints on the edges incident to a node. Polymatroidal networks were introduced by Lawler and Martel [20] and Hassin [15] in the single-commodity setting and are closely related to the submodular flow model of Edmonds and Giles [10]; the well-known maxflow-mincut theorem holds in this more general setting. Polymatroidal networks for the multicommodity case have not, as far as the authors are aware, been previously explored. Our work is primarily motivated by applications to information flow in wireless networks. We also consider the notion of undirected polymatroidal networks and observe that they provide a natural way to generalize flows and cuts in edge and node capacitated undirected networks. We establish poly-logarithmic flow-cut gap results in several scenarios that have been previously considered in the standard network flow models where capacities are on the edges or nodes [21, 22, 13, 19, 12]. Our results from a preliminary version have already found applications in wireless network information flow [16, 7] and we anticipate more in the future. On the technical side our key tools are the formulation and analysis of the dual of the flow relaxations via continuous extensions of submodular functions, in particular the Lovász extension. For directed graphs we rely on a simple yet useful reduction from polymatroidal networks to standard networks. For undirected graphs we rely on the interplay between the Lovász extension of a submodular function and line embeddings with low average distortion introduced by Matoušek and Rabinovich [25]; this connection is inspired by, and generalizes, the work of Feige, Hajiaghayi and Lee [12] on node-capacitated multicommodity flows and cuts. The applicability of embeddings to flow-cut gaps in polymatroidal networks is of independent mathematical interest.
Productivity Growth and the Phillips Curve: A Reassessment of the US Experience

In this paper we analyse a new Phillips curve (NPC) model and demonstrate that (i) frictional growth, i.e. the interplay of wage-staggering and money growth, generates a nonvertical NPC in the long-run, and (ii) the Phillips curve (PC) shifts with productivity growth. On this basis we estimate a dynamic system of macrolabour equations to evaluate the slope of the PC and explain the evolution of inflation and unemployment in the US from 1970 to 2006. Since our empirical methodology relies heavily on impulse response functions, it represents a synthesis of the traditional structural modelling and (structural) vector autoregressions (VARs). We find that the PC is downward-sloping with a slope of -3.58 in the long-run. Furthermore, during the stagflating 70s, the productivity slowdown contributed substantially to the increases in both unemployment and inflation, while the monetary expansion was quite ineffective and led mainly to higher inflation. Finally, the monetary expansion and productivity speedup of the roaring 90s were both responsible for the significant lowering of the unemployment rate.
Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Chagas Disease

Chagas disease, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, can lead to severe cardiac and gastrointestinal disease. Most persons acquire this infection through contact with vector bugs carrying T. cruzi in endemic areas of Latin America. Infection can also be acquired by congenital, transfusion, transplantation, and foodborne transmission. Although an estimated 300,000 persons with Chagas disease live in the United States, little is known about the burden of chagasic heart disease. It is not known how often congenital or vector-borne transmission of T. cruzi occurs in the United States, although it is known that infected mothers and infected vector bugs are found in this country. Better diagnostic tests and treatment drugs are needed to improve patient care, and research is needed to define transmission risks and develop strategies to prevent new infections and reduce the burden of disease.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Slow Wave Sleep

The distribution of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was estimated during sleep and wakefulness by using H215O positron emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping. A group analysis on 11 good sleepers (8 with steady slow wave sleep, SWS) showed a significant negative correlation between the occurrence of SWS and rCBF in dorsal pons and mesencephalon, thalami, basal ganglia, basal forebrain/hypothalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and, on the right side, in a region that follows the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. Given the known decrease in global cerebral blood flow levels during SWS, these negative correlations suggest that rCBF is decreased significantly more in these cerebral areas than in the rest of the brain. The marked rCBF decreases in the pons, mesencephalon, thalamic nuclei, and basal forebrain reflect their close implication in the generation of SWS rhythms. The influence of these rhythms on the telencephalon usually are thought to be global and homogeneous. In contrast, our results show that rCBF is decreased more in some cortical areas (especially in orbitofrontal cortex) than in the rest of the cortex. We hypothesize that cellular processes taking place during SWS might be modulated differently in these regions. Given the functions of the ventromedial frontal areas, we surmise that SWS might be particularly critical for the adaptation of behavior to environmental pressures. This hypothesis is supported indirectly by results of sleep deprivation experiments.
Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Delinquency

A meta-analysis was performed of concurrent and longitudinal studies on the relation of family factors to juvenile conduct problems and delinquency. Analyses of longitudinal data show that socialization variables, such as lack of parental supervision, parental rejection, and parent-child involvement, are among the most powerful predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency. Medium-strength predictors include background variables such as parents' marital relations and parental criminality. Weaker predictors are lack of parental discipline, parental health, and parental absence. The effect of these factors seems to be about the same for boys and for girls. Analyses of concurrent studies comparing delinquents with nondelinquents, and aggressive children with nonaggressive children, largely parallel these findings. Data from concurrent normal samples, however, show less importance for parental child socialization practices and relatively more importance for the child's rejection of the parent and the parent's rejection of the child. A small proportion of families produces a disproportionate number of delinquents. The presence of one child with delinquency, aggression, or covert conduct problems increases the probability that other children in the family will exhibit those behaviors. Deficiencies in parenting skills are associated with the seriousness of the child's delinquency. Treatment studies demonstrate that systematic changes in parenting behaviors can lessen the frequency of a child's conduct problems and that of siblings and, to a lesser extent, reduce involvement in delinquent activities.
Investigating the association between obstructive sleep apnea and periodontitis.

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by disruptions of normal sleep architecture. Chronic periodontitis is a chronic disease of the periodontium that elicits a general inflammatory response to local dental plaque. It has been suggested that periodontal disease may increase in severity with increasingly severe OSA because both disease entities share common inflammatory pathways, acting synergistically to alter the host response. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between severity of OSA and the prevalence/severity of periodontitis. METHODS One hundred patients from a large veterans administration sleep study center (n = 26 normal, n = 21 mild, n = 19 moderate, n = 34 severe) diagnosed with an overnight polysomnogram underwent a comprehensive periodontal examination. Periodontal parameters measured included the following: 1) mean periodontal probing depth (PD); 2) clinical attachment level (CAL); 3) gingival recession; and 4) percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, plaque, PD ≥5 mm, and CAL ≥3 mm. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of the sampled population had moderate/severe periodontal disease. χ(2) analyses revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of periodontal disease between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) groups, with a negligible Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.246 between AHI severity and periodontal disease severity categories. Analysis of covariance indicated a significant association between AHI severity categories and percentage of sites with plaque, after adjusting for age. Multivariable logistic regression analysis predicting moderate/severe periodontitis with AHI score, age, and smoking status indicated a significant association with age (P = 0.028) but no significant association with the other two predictors. CONCLUSION OSA was not significantly associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis and the periodontal parameters examined, except percentage plaque.
The vulnerabilities of computerized physician order entry systems: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE To test the vulnerabilities of a wide range of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems to different types of medication errors, and develop a more comprehensive qualitative understanding of how their design could be improved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors reviewed a random sample of 63,040 medication error reports from the US Pharmacopeia (USP) MEDMARX reporting system where CPOE systems were considered a "contributing factor" to errors and flagged test scenarios that could be tested in current CPOE systems. Testers entered these orders in 13 commercial and homegrown CPOE systems across 16 different sites in the United States and Canada, using both usual practice and where-needed workarounds. Overarching themes relevant to interface design and usability/workflow issues were identified. RESULTS CPOE systems often failed to detect and prevent important medication errors. Generation of electronic alert warnings varied widely between systems, and depended on a number of factors, including how the order information was entered. Alerts were often confusing, with unrelated warnings appearing on the same screen as those more relevant to the current erroneous entry. Dangerous drug-drug interaction warnings were displayed only after the order was placed rather than at the time of ordering. Testers illustrated various workarounds that allowed them to enter these erroneous orders. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The authors found high variability in ordering approaches between different CPOE systems, with major deficiencies identified in some systems. It is important that developers reflect on these findings and build in safeguards to ensure safer prescribing for patients.
Spanish Education and Chinese Immigrants in a New Multicultural Context: Cross-cultural and Interactive Perspectives in the Study of Language Teaching Methods

In this paper I analyse aspects of the new multicultural context which has been transforming Spanish society over the last few decades. Current demographic changes in Spain contrast with traditional ideologies and practices which are still prevalent in schools. As a consequence of these contradictions, students from other educational systems and cultures, with different languages and background knowledge that are not valued and legitimated, are having difficulties reaching minimum educational objectives. The present research focuses on Chinese students in the Spanish education system and describes, analyses and explains those difficulties, keeping in mind the different sociopolitical, economic and historical circumstances in both China and Spain, which have led to different relationships between (1) learning–teaching ideologies, (2) social practices in the implementation of language teaching methods and (3) classroom interactions. The nature of the ‘difficulties’ facing Chinese students is deconstructed, .
Correcting the 3MS for Bias Does Not Improve Accuracy When Screening for Cognitive Impairment or Dementia

ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of correcting for demographic biases on the sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Mini Mental Status Exam (3MS) using a sample of English-speaking older adults (N = 8,901) from the Canadian Studies of Health and Aging. The sensitivity and specificity of the original 3MS were compared to the 3MS regression-adjusted for the influence of demographic variables and then to 3MS percentiles based on published normative data with age and education corrected cutoff scores. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the regression-adjusted 3MS was no more accurate than the original 3MS when screening for dementia, and it was less accurate when screening for cognitive impairment. The use of 3MS percentiles based on normative data with age and education corrected cut-off points were less accurate than the original 3MS when screening for both cognitive impairment and when screening for dementia.
An Originality Story Scale

Elementary-school teachers have little difficulty in judging the mechanical aspects of a written product-aspects such as sentence structure, spelling, punctuation, and handwriting. Most teachers have facility in judging the structure of stories, including such elements as an interesting beginning, a sequential development of ideas, a high point or climax, an effective ending. But some teachers find it difficult to assess novel ideas, ingenuity, and other personal and imaginative qualities in children's narratives. The difficulty is understandable, for
The Class Connect Experimental Test-Bed: Pedagogical and Architectural Design Considerations for E-Learning

Existing efforts are underway to increase undergraduate enrollment in science, engineering, technology, and mathematics (STEM). The STEM workforce is crucial to the U. S. health and economy, yet retention rates in STEM fields are poor and the U. S. is faced with a looming workforce shortage. This paper describes a novel system being developed, known as Class Connect, that aims to enhance instruction for STEM disciplines and function as a test-bed to examine various phenomena associated with peer instruction and student outcomes.
Why do young women drop out of sport and physical activity? A social ecological approach

Abstract This study explored significant individual, social, and environmental factors and how they interact to influence participation in physical activity for adolescent young women. These factors were explored at two transitional life stages: from primary to secondary school and from middle to upper years at secondary school. Ten focus groups with young women and 10 interviews with teachers were conducted and multiple, interrelated themes emerged. Our findings indicated that there are a number of strategies that could be undertaken to increase the participation of young women in physical activity. These include: (1) enhancing intrinsic motivation for sport and physical activity; (2) appealing to young women's need for socialising through opportunities for informal physical activity; (3) educating parents about the benefits of sport and physical activity; (4) overcoming gender stereotypes about what is acceptable behaviour for young women; (5) improving physical education teachers’ understanding of gender issues and motivating less physically active students; (6) the provision of accessible sport and physical activity facilities, programs, and services in schools; and (7) prioritorisation of sport and physical activity in the school curriculum. These strategies are not ‘quick fixes’, but rather require a whole‐ofcommunity approach and, in some cases, a reorientation of societal values.
Attacks and Countermeasures in Fingerprint Based Biometric Cryptosystems

We investigate implementations of biometric cryptosystems protecting fingerprint templates (which are mostly based on the fuzzy vault scheme by Juels and Sudan in 2002) with respect to the security they provide. We show that attacks taking advantage of the system's false acceptance rate, i.e. false-accept attacks, pose a very serious risk --- even if brute-force attacks are impractical to perform. Our observations lead to the clear conclusion that currently a single fingerprint is not sufficient to provide a secure biometric cryptosystem. But there remain other problems that can not be resolved by merely switching to multi-finger: Kholmatov and Yanikoglu in 2007 demonstrated that it is possible to break two matching vault records at quite a high rate via the correlation attack. We propose an implementation of a minutiae fuzzy vault that is inherently resistant against cross-matching and the correlation attack. Surprisingly, achieving cross-matching resistance is not at the cost of authentication performance. In particular, we propose to use a randomized decoding procedure and find that it is possible to achieve a GAR=91% at which no false accepts are observed on a database generally used. Our ideas can be adopted into an implementation of a multibiometric cryptosystem. All experiments described in this paper can fully be reproduced using software available for download.
The distribution of neurons projecting from the retina and visual cortex to the thalamus and tectum opticum of the barn owl, Tyto alba, and the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia

Using the HRP retrograde transport technique in two different genera of owls (Speotyto and Tyto), we have studied the distribution of neurons projecting to the optic tectum and the visual thalamus. Small injections of HRP were made into these structures from the pial surface after they had been visualized directly by dissection of the overlying bone.