Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Hysteresis without Static Hysteresis: Scaling Laws and Asymptotic Expansions

We study dynamical hysteresis in a simple class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, namely first-order equations subject to sinusoidal forcing. The assumed nonlinearities are such that the area of the hysteresis loop vanishes as the forcing frequency tends to zero; in other words, there is no static hysteresis. Using regular and singular perturbation techniques, we derive the first term in the asymptotic expansion for the loop area as a function of the driving frequency, in the limit of both large and small frequency. Although the theory was originally motie have expanded ents on bistable semiconductor lasers, it is applied here to explain (and in some cases, to correct) the scaling laws that were recently reported in numerical studies of mean-field kinetic Ising models of ferromagnets.
A numerical study on the wall shear stress of stented artery model

The stimulation of neointimal hyperplasia by the low and oscillatory arterial wall shear stress (WSS) plays a central role in restenosis. Hemodynamic characteristics of blood flow through stenosis artery and stented artery are numerically investigated in this work. 3D CFD simulations were used to quantify the instantaneous WSS before and after the implantation of an independent designed stent. The blood is assumed as a Newtonian fluid and the pulsatile nature of flow is modeled by using a sinusoidal profile waveform of the inlet velocity. Discretized forms of the flow equations, through a rigid boundary condition, are obtained by control volume method and simultaneously solved using the well-known SIMPLE algorithm. Lowest WSS can be observed adjacent to each stent strut and link at any instants of the flow cycle. Low WSS values of less than 0.5 Pa were found at some instants in stent regions after stenting which may provide a source of endothelial stimulation propitious to restenosis, especially for the proximal stent portion. Also, WSS of never less than 0.5 Pa in the flow cycle were found 2.5mm pre-stent and post-stent segment after stenting which may be a safe region for restenosis.
Comparative study of sensory modulation vulnerabilities in children with and without ASD in family and school contexts

ABSTRACT Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present sensory processing alterations that are specific to each environment in which they develop, inevitably impacting their daily functioning. Method: The aim of this study is to compare the different types of sensory modulation vulnerabilities (over-responsiveness, under-responsiveness, and sensory-seeking behavior) in different sensory modalities, between a group of children with ASD (n = 41) and a group of children with typical development (n = 38), in both the home and school environments. The sensory processing measure (SPM) was used to evaluate the children’s sensory profile. Results: The ASD group obtained scores that indicate higher levels of dysfunction on all the assessed measures in both environments, with greater differences obtained in the school environment. Under-responsiveness was the sensory response that showed differences in all the sensory modalities and in both environments, whereas for over-responsiveness and sensory-seeking behavior, no differences were found for some of the sensory modalities in the home environment. Conclusions: Under-responsiveness could be the most prominent and exclusive sensory symptom of children with ASD, with the school being the environment where sensory differences seem to be noted to a greater extent.
Computer Algebra Algorithms and Routines for the Computation of Conservation Laws and Fixing of Gauge in Differential Expressions

In this paper we present three different approaches for the determination of conservation laws. For three correspondingREDUCEcomputer algebra programsCONLAW1/2/3the necessary subroutines are described. All three programs use subroutines which remove redundant functions and constants in the general solution of the conservation law conditions. The corresponding algorithm is explained. Such a program is not only applicable in the context of computing conservation laws but whenever redundancy in differential expressions is to be removed or gauge freedom to be fixed.
Reinforcement Learning and Savings Behavior

We show that individual investors over-extrapolate from their personal experience when making savings decisions. Investors who experience particularly rewarding outcomes from saving in their 401(k)-a high average and/or low variance return-increase their 401(k) savings rate more than investors who have less rewarding experiences with saving. This finding is not driven by aggregate time-series shocks, income effects, rational learning about investing skill, investor fixed effects, or time-varying investor-level heterogeneity that is correlated with portfolio allocations to stock, bond, and cash asset classes. We discuss implications for the equity premium puzzle and interventions aimed at improving household financial outcomes.
HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons

Background Tubulin is a major substrate of the cytoplasmic class II histone deacetylase HDAC6. Inhibition of HDAC6 results in higher levels of acetylated tubulin and enhanced binding of the motor protein kinesin-1 to tubulin, which promotes transport of cargoes along microtubules. Microtubule-dependent intracellular trafficking may therefore be regulated by modulating the activity of HDAC6. We have shown previously that the neuromodulator serotonin increases mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons via the Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate a role for HDAC6 in this signaling pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that the presence of tubacin, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor, dramatically enhanced mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons, whereas niltubacin, an inactive tubacin analog, had no effect. Compared to control cultures, higher levels of acetylated tubulin were found in neurons treated with tubacin, and more kinesin-1 was associated with mitochondria isolated from these neurons. Inhibition of GSK3β decreased cytoplasmic deacetylase activity and increased tubulin acetylation, whereas blockade of Akt, which phosphorylates and down-regulates GSK3β, increased cytoplasmic deacetylase activity and decreased tubulin acetylation. Concordantly, the administration of 5-HT, 8-OH-DPAT (a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist), or fluoxetine (a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor) increased tubulin acetylation. GSK3β was found to co-localize with HDAC6 in hippocampal neurons, and inhibition of GSK3β resulted in decreased binding of antibody to phosphoserine-22, a potential GSK3β phosphorylation site in HDAC6. GSK3β may therefore regulate HDAC6 activity by phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates that HDAC6 plays an important role in the modulation of mitochondrial transport. The link between HDAC6 and GSK3β, established here, has important implications for our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, abnormal mitochondrial transport, which has been observed in such disorders as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, could result from the misregulation of HDAC6 by GSK3β. HDAC6 may therefore constitute an attractive target in the treatment of these disorders.
Confidence and the Erosion of Confidence : Economic Functions and Effects

"Trust" or likewise "confidence" (the term preferred in this paper) are notions which have received considerable attention by economists in the last 8-10 years. In this contribution, much emphasis is put on the understanding what we really mean by "confidence", what the differences between optimism and confidence are and how the onset of confidence can possibly be explained. Also, we analyze the economic effects of a lack of or the erosion of confidence. The paper intends to provide a comprehensive view on the major effects of confidence on economic growth, the business cycle, its relation to income distribution, etc. Finally, the contribution of confidence to social capital is discussed and the erosion of confidence within, between and towards business enterprises as a consequence of the widespread scandals in the US and other industrialised countries at the beginning of the new millennium is portrayed.
Charismatic discipleship: a Sufi woman and the divine mission of development in Senegal

Abstract Midwife Rokhaya Thiam joined the Fayḍa Tijāniyya Sufi Islamic movement in 2005 and soon became aware of her divine mission to found the Association Mame Astou Diankha. This organization provides free medical services to needy people and organizes economic development projects for women. Rokhaya Thiam exemplifies a broader trend of ‘hybrid’ religious subjects in the Fayḍa Tijāniyya movement who embed neoliberal notions such as ‘development’ and individual entrepreneurial initiative into mystical notions of selfhood, agency and moral order. Such charismatic disciples seem to approach discipleship in liberal fashion, pursuing an individualized mission in contrast to the classic Sufi disciple who passively follows instructions from the shaykh. However, these disciples defy reduction to individual, neoliberal subjectivity, subsuming their agency under a larger spiritual entity responsible for revealing and realizing their mission. This article asks whether such hybridities may be intrinsic to neoliberal subjecthood, which entails being shaped by neoliberal power and knowledge while domesticating them to other ends, rather than being exceptions that emerge on the still-enchanted edges of neoliberalism. Résumé Peu après qu'elle ait rejoint en 2005 le mouvement islamique soufi Fayḍa Tijāniyya, Rokhaya Thiam, une sage-femme, a pris rapidement conscience de sa mission divine de fonder l'Association Mame Astou Diankha. Cette organisation fournit des services médicaux gratuits aux nécessiteux et organise des projets de développement économique pour les femmes. Rokhaya Thiam exemplifie une tendance plus générale de sujets religieux « hybrides » au sein du mouvement Fayḍa Tijāniyya qui intègrent des notions néolibérales comme le « développement » et l'entrepreneuriat individuel dans des notions mystiques d'individualité, d'action et d'ordre moral. Ces disciples charismatiques semblent aborder leur statut de disciple de façon libérale, en poursuivant une mission individualisée en rupture avec le disciple soufi classique qui suit passivement les instructions du cheikh. En revanche, on ne peut pas réduire ces disciples à une subjectivité néolibérale individuelle car ils inscrivent leur action sous une entité spirituelle plus vaste qui a la charge de révéler et de réaliser leur mission. Cet article pose la question de savoir si ces hybridités peuvent être intrinsèques au statut de sujet néolibéral qui implique d’être façonné par un pouvoir et un savoir néolibéraux tout en les apprivoisant à d'autres fins, plutôt que de constituer des exceptions émergeant à la marge enchantée du néolibéralisme.
Maximal Voluntary Fingertip Force Production Is Not Limited by Movement Speed in Combined Motion and Force Tasks

Numerous studies of limbs and fingers propose that force–velocity properties of muscle limit maximal voluntary force production during anisometric tasks, i.e., when muscles are shortening or lengthening. Although this proposition appears logical, our study on the simultaneous production of fingertip motion and force disagrees with this commonly held notion. We asked eight consenting adults to use their dominant index fingertip to maximize voluntary downward force against a horizontal surface at specific postures (static trials), and also during an anisometric “scratching” task of rhythmically moving the fingertip along a 5.8 ± 0.5 cm target line. The metronome-timed flexion–extension movement speed varied 36-fold from “slow” (1.0 ± 0.5 cm/s) to “fast” (35.9 ± 7.8 cm/s). As expected, maximal downward voluntary force diminished (44.8 ± 15.6%; p = 0.001) when any motion (slow or fast) was added to the task. Surprisingly, however, a 36-fold increase in speed did not affect this reduction in force magnitude. These remarkable results for such an ordinary task challenge the dominant role often attributed to force–velocity properties of muscle and provide insight into neuromechanical interactions. We propose an explanation that the simultaneous enforcement of mechanical constraints for motion and force reduces the set of feasible motor commands sufficiently so that force–velocity properties cease to be the force-limiting factor. While additional work is necessary to reveal the governing mechanisms, the dramatic influence that the simultaneous enforcement of motion and force constraints has on force output begins to explain the vulnerability of dexterous function to development, aging, and even mild neuromuscular pathology.
The concurrent validity of Holland's theory for non-college degreed black working women /

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Probably Approximately Correct Learning in Stochastic Games with Temporal Logic Specifications

We consider a controller synthesis problem in turn-based stochastic games with both a qualitative linear temporal logic (LTL) constraint and a quantitative discounted-sum objective. For each case in which the LTL specification is realizable and can be equivalently transformed into a deterministic Buchi automaton, we show that there always exists a memoryless almost-sure winning strategy that is "e-optimal with respect to the discounted-sum objective for any arbitrary positive ". Building on the idea of the R-MAX algorithm, we propose a probably approximately correct (PAC) learning algorithm that can learn such a strategy efficiently in an online manner with a-priori unknown reward functions and unknown transition distributions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result on PAC learning in stochastic games with independent quantitative and qualitative objectives.
Male Circumcision and AIDS: The Macroeconomic Impact of a Health Crisis

Theories abound on the potential macroeconomic impact of AIDS in Africa, yet there have been surprisingly few empirical studies to test the mixed theoretical predictions. In this paper, we examine the impact of the AIDS epidemic on African nations through 2005 using the male circumcision rate to identify plausibly exogenous variation in HIV prevalence. Medical researchers have found significant evidence that male circumcision can reduce the risk of contracting HIV. We find that national male circumcision rates for African countries are both a strong predictor of HIV/AIDS prevalence and uncorrelated with other determinants of economic outcomes. Two-stage least squares regressions do not support the hypotheses that AIDS has had any measurable impact on economic growth or savings in African nations. However we do find weak evidence that AIDS has lead to a decline in fertility combined with a slow-down in education gains, as measured by youth literacy, and a rise in poverty, as measured by malnutrition.
Interrelationship of architecture and function of the right ventricle.

ARMOUR, J. A. , J. B. PACE, AND W. C. RANDALL. kWreZationship of architecture and function uf the right ventricle. Am. J. Physiol. 2N3(1): ,)174-179. 1970. -The sequence of contraction and augmentation patterns in contractile force of the sinus and conus regions of the right ventricle were analyzed under control, vagal, and sympathetic stimulation as well as norepinephrine infusion states. The normal peristaltic contraction wave from sinus to conus was exaggerated during vagal stimulation but made more nearly synchronous or even abolished during stellate ganglion stimulation. The sinus to conus sequence was often reversed as a result of norepinephrine augmentation. Whereas the conus fibers showed greater increase in force of contraction than did the sinus fibers during stellate stimulation and norepinephrine injection, pressures recorded from the sinus portion of the right ventricle greatly exceeded those measured simultaneously from the conus. A marked intraventricular pressure gradient was created from sinus to conus, with a relatively smaller gradient from conus to pulmonary artery. Thus, the functional intervention of the infundibular region of the right ventricle as a pressure regulator protecting the pulmonary vasculature may be hypothesized.
The Interaction of New and Old Magnetic Fluxes at the Beginning of Solar Cycle 23

The 11 yr cycle of solar activity follows Hale's law by reversing the magnetic polarity of leading and following sunspots in bipolar regions during the minima of activity. In the 1996-1997 solar minimum, most solar activity emerged in narrow longitudinal zones—"active longitudes" but over a range in latitude. Investigating the distribution of solar magnetic flux, we have found that the Hale sunspot polarity reversal first occurred in these active zones. We have estimated the rotation rates of the magnetic flux in the active zones before and after the polarity reversal. Comparing these rotation rates with the internal rotation inferred by helioseismology, we suggest that both "old" and "new" magnetic fluxes were probably generated in a low-latitude zone near the base of the solar convection zone. The reversal of active region polarity observed in certain longitudes at the beginning of a new solar cycle suggests that the phenomenon of active longitudes may give fundamental information about the mechanism of the solar cycle. The nonrandom distribution of old-cycle and new-cycle fluxes presents a challenge for dynamo theories, most of which assume a uniform longitudinal distribution of solar magnetic fields.
ERPs Reveal Relationships Between Neural Orthographic Priming Effects and Reading Skill

Masked priming has long been used to demonstrate the impact of brief presentations of orthographically related stimuli on visual word recognition. The aim of the present study was to examine neural correlates of orthographic priming produced by pronounceable and unpronounceable anagram primes. Crucially, we examined relationships between these priming effects and individual differences on a battery of measures assessing orthographic processing ability, current reading ability, and verbal intelligence in university students. Our study demonstrated group-level priming effects on the N200 and N400, with both components being primarily modulated by unpronounceable, orthographically illegal primes. Relationships between the extent of priming as indexed by N200 amplitude and speed of orthographic processing emerged, as reaction time (RT) on an orthographic choice task was associated with priming effects. Priming effects on N400 amplitude were related to phonological decoding efficiency. Those individuals with less efficient orthographic or phonological processing were more sensitive to the orthographic relationship between primes and targets. These findings demonstrate that university students vary in their sensitivity to orthographic priming and the degree to which orthographic information is used during word recognition.
Strassen's Matrix Multiplication Algorithm for Matrices of Arbitrary Order

The well known algorithm of Volker Strassen for matrix multiplication can only be used for $(m2^k \times m2^k)$ matrices. For arbitrary $(n \times n)$ matrices one has to add zero rows and columns to the given matrices to use Strassen's algorithm. Strassen gave a strategy of how to set $m$ and $k$ for arbitrary $n$ to ensure $n\leq m2^k$. In this paper we study the number $d$ of additional zero rows and columns and the influence on the number of flops used by the algorithm in the worst case ($d=n/16$), best case ($d=1$) and in the average case ($d\approx n/48$). The aim of this work is to give a detailed analysis of the number of additional zero rows and columns and the additional work caused by Strassen's bad parameters. Strassen used the parameters $m$ and $k$ to show that his matrix multiplication algorithm needs less than $4.7n^{\log_2 7}$ flops. We can show in this paper, that these parameters cause an additional work of approx. 20 % in the worst case in comparison to the optimal strategy for the worst case. This is the main reason for the search for better parameters.
OFFENSIVE LANGUAGES IN BAD BOYS 2

This research focuses on the forms of offensive language and the functions in social context found in Bad Boys 2 movie. The writer applied some methods, such as data source, data collection, and data analysis. The data source of this research was Bad Boys 2 movie’s script. The movie is chosen because there are many expressions consisting of offensive language. The library research technique was used in collecting the data by quoting the sentences that support the topic of discussion. In analyzing the data, the writer applied the offensive language theory proposed by Timothy Jay (1992) in his book entitled Cursing in America and the theory of speech function proposed by Janet Holmes (1992) in his book entitled An Introduction to Sociolinguistics as the main theory. The analysis in this paper was also supported by other references which are related to this topic. The result of this research shows that there are only eight forms found in the data source. They are cursing, profanity, taboo, obscenity, vulgarity, slang, epithets, insult and slur.
Enriching Archaeological Parks with Contextual Sounds and Mobile Technology

The importance of cultural heritage in forging a sense of identity is becoming increasingly evident. Information and communication technologies have a great potential to promote a greater awareness and appreciation of cultural heritage. This article presents some findings on how mobile technology can be used to foster a better understanding of an archaeological site by reconstructing the ancient environment and life. Children aged 11--13 years old are the target of our research. To motivate and engage them, a pervasive educational game has been developed and implemented in Explore! , a system aimed at supporting children exploring sites of cultural interest. Special attention has been devoted to the design of a soundscape that may improve players’ navigation in degraded physical environments and enrich their overall experience. A field study indicated that children judged their experience both useful and entertaining: not only did they enjoy playing the game, but they also learned historical notions and facts related to ancient Roman life. Contextual sounds were found to have a facilitating effect on space navigation, reducing the need for map reading and improving spatial orientation. This work provides insights into the design of educational games for use with cultural heritage and a model to enrich historical sites through the creation of soundscapes which can help visitors to navigate a site and feel its historical atmosphere.