Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentimentalism, Affective Response, and the Justification of Normative Moral Judgments

Sentimentalism as an ethical view makes a particular claim about moral judgment: to judge that something is right/wrong is to have a sentiment/emotion of approbation/disapprobation, or some kind of positive/negative feeling, toward that thing. However, several sentimentalists have argued that moral judgments involve not only having a specific kind of feelings or emotional responses, but judging that one would be justified in having that feeling or emotional response. In the literature, some authors have taken up the former position because the empirical data on moral judgment seems to suggest that justification is not a necessary prerequisite for making a moral judgment. Even if this is true, however, I argue that justifying moral judgments is still an important philosophic endeavour, and that developing an empirically constrained account of how a person might go about justifying his feelings/emotional responses as reasons for rendering (normative) moral judgments by using a coherentist method of justification is both plausible and desirable.
Intelligence Score Profiles of Female Juvenile Offenders

Previous studies have found that male juvenile offenders typically obtain low scores on measures of intelligence, often with a pattern of higher scores on measures of nonverbal relative to verbal tasks. The research on the intelligence performance of female juvenile offenders is limited. This study explored the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) scores of 430 female juvenile offenders. Their mean IQ scores were significantly lower than the standardization sample means. Cluster analysis, which allows for identification of subgroups based on IQ score patterns, revealed five distinct subgroups of girls within the sample based on their WISC-IV Index scores. Although there was a cluster that was similar to the Verbal IQ (VIQ) < Performance IQ (PIQ) pattern described in previous studies, the other clusters serve as a reminder of the diversity of cognitive functioning among juvenile offenders.
Multi-Tasking with Joint Semantic Spaces for Large-Scale Music Annotation and Retrieval

Abstract Music prediction tasks range from predicting tags given a song or clip of audio, predicting the name of the artist, or predicting related songs given a song, clip, artist name or tag. That is, we are interested in every semantic relationship between the different musical concepts in our database. In realistically sized databases, the number of songs is measured in the hundreds of thousands or more, and the number of artists in the tens of thousands or more, providing a considerable challenge to standard machine learning techniques. In this work, we propose a method that scales to such datasets which attempts to capture the semantic similarities between the database items by modelling audio, artist names, and tags in a single low-dimensional semantic embedding space. This choice of space is learnt by optimizing the set of prediction tasks of interest jointly using multi-task learning. Our single model learnt by training on the joint objective function is shown experimentally to have improved accuracy over training on each task alone. Our method also outperforms the baseline methods tried and, in comparison to them, is faster and consumes less memory. We also demonstrate how our method learns an interpretable model, where the semantic space captures well the similarities of interest.
Performance Comparison of IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.20 Systems under Different Frequency Reuse Schemes

IEEE 802.16e and 802.20 are emerging as two promising technologies for broadband wireless access systems. In order to improve capacity and coverage performance, both of them addressed a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme to combat co-channel interference in multi-cell deployment, which is referred to as FFR16 and FFR20 respectively in this paper. As for the scheme of FFR20, virtual area partition is proposed in this paper, and fractional frequency reuse factor (FFRF) is achieved by tuning the parameter of signal strength ratio. The optimal combination of resource allocation strategy and signal strength ratio is determined through simulation. In order to compare the performance of FFR16 and FFR20, three evaluation metrics are introduced, including average throughput, outage probability and spectrum efficiency. Simulation results show that outage probability is much lower under FFR20 scheme, which goes beyond the acceptable range when FFRF is smaller than 2.4. The resource utilization efficiencies of both are continuously increasing with regard to FFRF within range [2.4, 3]. Besides, FFR20 outperforms FFR16 under given conditions, in terms of average throughput and spectrum efficiency.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy of Cellular Lipid Storage

With the increasing number of studies using nonlinear microscopy in the biosciences, an awareness for the potentials of nonlinear optics has begun to emerge among a broader audience. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is one of the most technically challenging methods in this category, forming images of molecular distributions based on their vibrations by a multiphoton interaction process. The primary strength of CARS microscopy lies in the ability of imaging lipids; the full 3-D distribution in living cells can be mapped without exogenous tags. Thus, CARS microscopy has a strong potential to become a central instrument for in vivo studies of the lipid metabolism at cellular level, improving present understanding of the mechanisms behind the many metabolism-related diseases, the impact of natural bioactive components in foods, and supporting the development of efficient pharmaceuticals as well as bioengineering processes exploiting the metabolism of microorganisms for the production of alternative energy sources. We illustrate this wide range of biological applications of CARS microscopy with a series of examples from our research.
Development of numerical model for predicting the characteristics of Ni–SiC nano composite coatings on AISI 1022 substrate

The strength of nano coatings predominantly depends on the selection of optimum combination of input parameters. This problem can be solved by developing an empirical relationship between input parameters to predict microhardness (MH), average surface roughness (Ra), specific wear rate (Ws) and co-efficient of friction (CoF) of the pulse electroplated coating by response surface methodology (RSM). In this paper an attempt has been made to optimize the electroplating process parameters of Ni–SiC nano coating using Grey-RSMapproach. This experiment highlights the use of RSM by designing the three factor three level central composite design. The Ni–SiC nano coating was deposited on AISI 1022 low carbon steel substrates under pulse current electroplating technique using nickel watts bath by varying input parameters such as frequency (Hz), duty cycle (%) and current density (A/Cm2). The optimum electroplating parameter was obtained through grey relational analysis (GRA). The prediction of optimum nano composite coating parameter is found at frequency 10 Hz (F1), duty cycle 10% (D1) and current density 0.2 A Cm−2 (C2), then confirmation experiment is performed to verify the optimum process parameter condition. The influences of those optimized coating parameters over the microstructure, morphology, coating thickness, EDAX, x-ray diffraction and wear rate of Ni-nano SiC composite coatings were also investigated.
Mapping the minds of the mediators: The cognitive frames of climate journalists from five countries

This article is based on the premise that journalists play an important role as mediators of scientific information and their interpretations of climate change influence media debates and public opinion. The study maps the minds of climate journalists from five different countries (Germany, India, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and different types of leading media outlets. It identifies five cognitive frames that vary between attributing the responsibility for climate change to lobbying and national interests, blaming consumerist culture and the capitalist system, and expressing technological optimism. The study provides evidence for the emergence of a sustainability frame, indicates a “blame game” between industrialized countries and emerging economies, and shows the demand for a global ecological discourse. Finally, it explores how individual factors such as specialization, professional aims, and political alignment correlate with the cognitive frames of journalists.
Periostin Associates with Notch1 Precursor to Maintain Notch1 Expression under a Stress Condition in Mouse Cells

Background Matricellular proteins, including periostin, modulate cell-matrix interactions and cell functions by acting outside of cells. Methods and Findings In this study, however, we reported that periostin physically associates with the Notch1 precursor at its EGF repeats in the inside of cells. Moreover, by using the periodontal ligament of molar from periostin-deficient adult mice (Pn−/− molar PDL), which is a constitutively mechanically stressed tissue, we found that periostin maintained the site-1 cleaved 120-kDa transmembrane domain of Notch1 (N1™) level without regulating Notch1 mRNA expression. N1™ maintenance in vitro was also observed under such a stress condition as heat and H2O2 treatment in periostin overexpressed cells. Furthermore, we found that the expression of a downstream effector of Notch signaling, Bcl-xL was decreased in the Pn−/− molar PDL, and in the molar movement, cell death was enhanced in the pressure side of Pn−/− molar PDL. Conclusion These results suggest the possibility that periostin inhibits cell death through up-regulation of Bcl-xL expression by maintaining the Notch1 protein level under the stress condition, which is caused by its physical association with the Notch1 precursor.
Histologic evaluation of thermal damage produced on soft tissues by CO2, Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro experimental study was to perform histological evaluation of the thermal effect produced on soft tissue irradiated with CO2, Er,Cr:YSGG or diode lasers. STUDY DESIGN Porcine oral mucosa samples were irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 1 W with and without water / air spray, at 2 W with and without water / air spray, and at 4 W with water / air spray, with CO2 laser at 1 W, 2 W, 10 W, 20 W continuous mode and 20 W pulsed mode and diode laser at 2 W, 5 W, and 10 W pulsed mode. The thermal effect was evaluated measuring the width of damaged tissue adjacent to the incision, stained positively for hyalinized tissue with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome stains. Besides, histological changes in the irradiated tissue were described using subjective grading scales. RESULTS The evaluated lasers developed a wide range of thermal damage with significant differences between groups. The samples with lowest thermal effect were those irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser using water / air spray, followed by CO2 and diode lasers. CONCLUSIONS Emission parameters of each laser system may influence the thermal damage inflicted on the soft tissue, however, the wave length of each laser determines the absorption rate characteristics of every tissue and the thermal effect.
Serum‐free large‐scale transient transfection of CHO cells

To date, methods for large‐scale transient gene expression (TGE) in cultivated mammalian cells have focused on two transfection vehicles: polyethylenimine (PEI) and calcium phosphate (CaPi). Both have been shown to result in high transfection efficiencies at scales beyond 10 L. Unfortunately, both approaches yield higher levels of recombinant protein (r‐protein) in the presence of serum than in its absence. Since serum is a major cost factor and an obstacle to protein purification, our goal was to develop a large‐scale TGE process for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the absence of serum. CHO‐DG44 cells were cultivated and transfected in a chemically defined medium using linear 25 kDa PEI as a transfection vehicle. Parameters that were optimized included the DNA amount, the DNA‐to‐PEI ratio, the timing and solution conditions for complex formation, the transfection medium, and the cell density at the time of transfection. The highest levels of r‐protein expression were observed when cultures at a density of 2.0 × 106 cells/ml were transfected with 2.5 μg/ml DNA in RPMI 1640 medium containing 25 mM HEPES at pH 7.1. The transfection complex was formed at a DNA:PEI ratio of 1:2 (w/w) in 150 mM NaCl with a 10‐min incubation at room temperature prior to addition to the culture. The procedure was scaled up for a 20‐L bioreactor, yielding expression levels of 10 mg/l for an intracellular protein and 8 mg/l for a secreted antibody. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Parental Involvement in Turkish Primary Schools: Perspective of Teachers.

Abstract This exploratory qualitative study investigates the effects of socio-economic status on parental involvement in public primary schools in Turkey. The study aims to examine how teachers in these schools present the scope of current parental involvement, to what factors teachers ascribe the barriers to parental involvement, and whether teachers¶ responses are differentiated according to the socio-economic status of the surrounding community. The data for this study were collected through in-depth interviews with ten teachers working in two primary schools in Istanbul. One school is located in an affluent and relatively homogenous community, while the other one is in an area that includes a predominantly poor and culturally diverse population. The results of the study indicate that although teachers in the affluent school are more satisfied with the quality and quantity of parents involvement, teachers in both schools believe that parents who do not collaborate with schools do not value education. Moreover, even though all teachers agreed that socio-economic status is a significant determinant of involvement, teachers in the community with high poverty stated that cultural differences also play an important role in explaining lack of parental involvement.
The absorption of water and of some small solute molecules from the isolated small intestine of the rat

Wells (1931) showed that the rate of absorption of water from the small intestine of the dog was dependent on the distension pressure. This observation has formed the basis of a view that water absorption is determined by hydrostatic and osmotic factors. The ability of the intestine to absorb the animal's own serum or an isotonic salt solution requires on this view that the absorption of water should be secondary to the absorption of the protein and salts. The surviving small intestine preparation of Fisher & Parsons (1949) provides means of obtaining further evidence of the nature of water absorption, since osmotic conditions on the two sides of the mucosa can be varied at will, -and a useful range of distension pressures can be employed. This paper describes the effects of alteration of distension pressure, osmotic pressure and other factors on the absorption of water and of urea, creatine and sorbitol. In the original work of Wells, in which very low distension pressures were used, some part, if not all, of the effect of distension might be expected to arise from the separation of mucosal folds with increasing pressure: mucosal epithelium occluded by folding cannot participate in absorptive activity. In the present work, therefore, the lowest distension pressure used has been one known, from microscopic examination of preparations fixed during distension, to separate all mucosal folds. A preliminary account of some of this work has appeared in the Proceedings of the Physiological Society (Fisher, 1954).
Production of cytokines and metalloproteinases in rheumatoid synovitis is T cell dependent.

In rheumatoid arthritis, T lymphocytes have been proposed to play a pivotal role in the disease process, but they have also been considered to simply represent an epiphenomenon in a primarily synoviocyte/macrophage-driven disease. To directly examine the contribution of CD4 T cells in synovitis, T cells were either depleted from or adoptively transferred into NOD-SCID mice engrafted with rheumatoid synovial tissue. Injection of anti-CD2 antibody resulted in the elimination of 80-90% of tissue-infiltrating T cells in the synovial grafts and was followed by a marked decline in the production of IL-1beta (loss of 70%), TNF-alpha (loss of 86%), and IL-15 (loss of 84%) mRNA. Also, transcription of MMP-1 and MMP-2 was reduced by 72% in anti-CD2-treated chimeras. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the cytokines and proteases derived mostly from CD68(+) synovial cells, which disappeared from the tissue upon T cell depletion. Adoptive transfer of autologous tissue-derived T cell lines and T cell clones into synovium-SCID mouse chimeras augmented the production of IFN-gamma as well as TNF-alpha in the synovial infiltrates. Administration of IFN-gamma in small doses to anti-CD2-treated chimeras restored the survival and the functional activity of CD68(+) synovial cells. In vitro studies confirmed the critical role of synovial T cells and IFN-gamma in the survival of synovial CD68(+) cells. These data demonstrate that the production of proinflammatory cytokines and of tissue-degrading enzymes in rheumatoid synovitis is T cell dependent and that CD4 T cells are primary regulatory cells in this disease.
Histrionicotoxin alkaloids finally detected in an ant.

Workers of the ant Carebarella bicolor collected in Panama were found to have two major poison-frog alkaloids, cis- and trans-fused decahydroquinolines (DHQs) of the 269AB type, four minor 269AB isomers, two minor 269B isomers, and three isomers of DHQ 271D. For the first time in an ant, however, the DHQs were accompanied by six histrionicotoxins (HTXs), viz., 283A, 285A, 285B, 285C, 287A, and 287D. This co-occurrence of the HTX and DHQ alkaloids is the usual pattern seen in dendrobatid frogs. This finding contrasts with our earlier study, where workers of a Brazilian ant, Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) sp. , were found to have a very similar DHQ complex but failed to show HTXs. Several new DHQ alkaloids of MW 271 (named in the frog as 271G) are reported from the above ants that have both m/z 202 and 204 as major fragment ions, unlike the spectrum seen for the poison-frog alkaloid 271D, which has only an m/z 204 base peak. Found also for the first time in skin extracts from the comparison frog Oophaga granulifera of Costa Rica is a trace DHQ of MW 273. It is coded as 273F in the frog; a different isomer is found in the ant.
Effects of age and schooling on 22 ability and achievement tests

Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date 1 EFFECTS OF AGE AND SCHOOLING ON 22 ABILITY AND ACHIEVEMENT TESTS by James Lamar Gambrell A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Psychological and Quantitative Foundations in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa
A Triple Arg Motif Mediates α2B‐Adrenergic Receptor Interaction with Sec24C/D and Export

Recent studies have demonstrated that cargo exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may be directed by ER export motifs recognized by components of the coat protein II (COPII) vesicles. However, little is known about ER export motifs and vesicle targeting of the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Here, we have demonstrated that a triple Arg (3R) motif in the third intracellular loop functions as a novel ER export signal for α2B‐adrenergic receptor (α2B‐AR). The 3R motif mediates α2B‐AR interaction with Sec24C/D and modulates ER exit, cell surface transport and function of α2B‐AR. Furthermore, export function of the 3R motif is independent of its position within α2B‐AR and can be conferred to CD8 glycoprotein. These data provide the first evidence implicating that export of GPCRs is controlled by code‐directed interactions with selective components of the COPII transport machinery.
Healthcare use for communicable diseases among migrant workers in comparison with Thai workers

This study examines healthcare use in 2011 for communicable diseases among migrant workers compared with Thai workers in Thailand. The relative risks (RRs) of 14 communicable diseases (803,817 cases between ages 18 and 59) were calculated using the National Epidemiological Surveillance System, a nationwide hospital database. Regarding the migrant workers, 71.0% were Burmese and 17.3% were Cambodians. Significantly high comparative RRs for migrant workers were found for tuberculosis (TB) (male, RR=1.41; female, RR=2.33), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (male, RR=2.39; female, RR=1.64), and malaria (male, RR=8.31; female, RR=11.45). Significantly low comparative RRs for migrant workers were found for diarrhea (male, RR=0.39; female, RR=0.28), food poisoning (male, RR=0.33; female, RR=0.24), dengue (male, RR=0.82; female, RR=0.68), and others. By occupation, RRs for TB and STIs were high among laborers but low among farmers. RRs for malaria among farmers (male, RR=18.26, female, RR=25.49) was higher than among laborers (male, RR=10.04; female, RR=13.93). The study indicated a higher risk of TB, STIs, and malaria for migrant workers, but a lower risk of diarrhea, food poisoning, dengue, and others. Although general health support program for migrants have promoted maternal and child health, prevention of communicable diseases should be further strengthened to meet the needs of migrants.
Racialized Cultural Capital and Inequality: A Comparative Study of Blackness in Brazil's Tourism Market

In my dissertation, I argue that blackness is an accumulable cultural resource that perpetuates racial and class inequality. The overarching question I ask is what determines who benefits from blackness, black bodies or dominant resources? To answer this question, I first develop a framework that integrates cultural capital theory with two streams of research within the sociology of race – ‘racialization’ and ‘race as a resource. ’ Next, I demonstrate my argument and address secondary theoretical goals – in globalization and race in Brazil, with an empirical study in the context of cultural tourism. I examine how individuals transform capoeira into a racialized cultural resource through connections to symbols of blackness and the meanings these symbols provoke, within the tourism market in Salvador, Brazil. Capoeira is a globally popular Brazilian martial art often linked to blackness, which brings American and European tourists together with Brazilian practitioners in an interactive setting. Cosmopolitan consumers now interpret cultural symbols of racial difference, including blackness, as valuable, and tourism exemplifies the growing value of racial otherness. Salvador, Brazil is a central site in the framing of blackness for cosmopolitan consumers. Tourist settings allow me to examine how individuals acquire embodied cultural capital through experience with cultural others. Scholars connect Brazil’s extreme social inequality to race and class, and they reveal a profound ambiguity over racialized cultural heritage in Brazil. This creates a context where Brazilians of diverse racial and class backgrounds can benefit from