Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background This cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether appraisal of knee function, psychological and demographic factors were related to returning to the preinjury sport and recreational activity following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Method 164 participants completed a questionnaire battery at 1–7 years after primary ACL reconstruction. The battery included questionnaires evaluating knee self-efficacy, health locus of control, psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activity, and fear of reinjury; and self-reported knee function in sport-specific tasks, knee-related quality of life and satisfaction with knee function. The primary outcome was returning to the preinjury sport or recreational activity. Results At follow-up, 40% (66/164) had returned to their preinjury activity. Those who returned had more positive psychological responses, reported better knee function in sport and recreational activities, perceived a higher knee-related quality of life and were more satisfied with their current knee function. The main reasons for not returning were not trusting the knee (28%), fear of a new injury (24%) and poor knee function (22%). Psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activity, measured with the ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (was most strongly associated with returning to the preinjury activity). Age, sex and preinjury activity level were not related. Conclusions Less than 50% returned to their preinjury sport or recreational activity after ACL reconstruction. Psychological readiness to return to sport and recreation was the factor most strongly associated with returning to the preinjury activity. Including interventions aimed at improving this in postoperative rehabilitation programmes could be warranted to improve the rate of return to sport and recreational activities.
Working Paper BANK OF GREECE THE BALANCE SHEET CHANNEL OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION : EVIDENCE FROM THE UK No . 53 January 2007

This paper examines the sensitivity of investment to cash flow using a panel of UK firms in manufacturing with a view to shedding some light on the existence of a balance sheet channel or financial accelerator. In addition to examining the impact of cash flow in different subsamples based on company size or financial policy (dividend payouts, share issues and debt accumulation), we also investigate the extent to which investment becomes more sensitive to cash flow in periods of monetary tightness. To this end, we employ a monetary tightness indicator constructed for the UK using the narrative approach pioneered by Romer and Romer. The results provide some support for the view that UK firms show greater investment sensitivity to cash flow during periods of tight monetary policy.
Factors AffectIng DomestIc Tourists' DestInatIon SatisfactIon: The Case of RussIa Resorts

ThIs study aIms to examIne the factors affectIng tourIsts' satIsfactIon level wIthIn the context of the resort destInatIons In RussIa. The fIndIngs of the study IndIcated that domestIc tourIsts were not completely satIsfIed wIth the vIsIt to the resort destInatIons. The lowest levels of satIsfactIon were observed over attrIbutes such as health servIces, cIty transport and shops. It was also found that some factors, such as purpose of travel, source of payment for travel, choIce of accommodatIon, holIday organIzatIon mode and tourIsts' spendIng affected tourIst satIsfactIon. ThIs study develops a model whIch examInes the relatIonshIps between customer satIsfactIon, affectIng factors and destInatIon loyalty of tourIsts. Research fIndIngs showed that there were strong relatIonshIps between those IndIcators. It was also found that tourIsts who were satIsfIed wIth destInatIons' attrIbutes were wIllIng to revIsIt a resort destInatIon.
Reliable transport through a microfabricated X-junction surface-electrode ion trap

We report the design, fabrication and characterization of a microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap that supports controlled transport through the two-dimensional intersection of linear trapping zones arranged in a 90° cross. The trap is fabricated with very large scalable integration techniques which are compatible with scaling to a large quantum information processor. The shape of the radio-frequency electrodes is optimized with a genetic algorithm to reduce axial pseudopotential barriers and minimize ion heating during transport. Seventy-eight independent dc control electrodes enable fine control of the trapping potentials. We demonstrate reliable ion transport between junction legs and determine the rate of ion loss due to transport. Doppler-cooled ions survive more than 105 round-trip transits between junction legs without loss and more than 65 consecutive round trips without laser cooling.
Psychological Flexibility Among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Relating Patterns of Acceptance, Adherence, and Stress to Adaptation

ABSTRACT Psychological flexibility, a complex concept encompassing both acceptance and action related factors, has been identified as a target for intervention for diabetes management. Research suggests acceptance, self-management, and stress, all factors that influence psychological flexibility, have an impact on adaptation to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by youth independently. However, yet to be explored is individually varying patterns of these variables and how they may relate to diabetes adaptation outcomes. The present study aimed to establish individual variations of patterns of these factors to derive profiles of psychological flexibility, and examine their relations to the adaptation outcomes of glycemic control and health-related quality of life. Youth (N = 162, aged 12–17 years) with T1D completed the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire, Diabetes Stress Questionnaire, Self-Care Inventory, and Pediatric Quality of Life-Diabetes Module. Hemoglobin A1c values were abstracted from medical records. Latent profile analysis yielded three profiles: High Acceptance & Adherence/Low Stress, Low Acceptance/Moderate Adherence & Stress, and Low Acceptance & Adherence/High Stress. The High Acceptance & Adherence/Low Stress group displayed significantly higher health-related quality of life and lower HbA1c compared to other groups. Fluid psychological variables, such as acceptance and diabetes stress, and adherence behaviors may be salient targets to increase psychological flexibility for individual psychosocial interventions aimed at improving adaptation to type 1 diabetes in youth.
State machine interpretation of arithmetic codes for joint source and channel coding

Based on the encoding process, arithmetic codes can be viewed as tree codes and current proposals for decoding arithmetic codes with forbidden symbols belong to sequential decoding algorithms and their variants. However, arithmetic coding can also be modeled as a finite state machine and can be treated as a variable-length trellis code. The number of states used for decoding can be reduced and techniques used for convolutional codes such as the list Viterbi decoding algorithm can be applied on the trellis. The proposed approach provides a rich environment for the design of joint source/channel codes. The particular implementation presented here shows significant performance improvement over previous approaches.
Development of Doped  ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Wires and Tapes for Practical Applications

A review of current developments in the study of chemical doping effect on the superconducting properties of MgB2 wires and tapes is presented, based on the known literature data and our own results. The critical current density of MgB2 can be improved through various kinds of dopants. Among these dopants, doping with carbon-containing materials seems to be the most effective way to improve the Jc performance. The doping effect of carbon in different forms and carbon-based compounds such as SiC, nano-C, metal carbides, as well as aromatic hydrocarbon and carbohydrate on the Jc-B characteristics of MgB2 was discussed in detail. The C can be incorporated into the MgB2 crystal lattice by replacing boron, and thus Bc2 is significantly enhanced due to selective tuning of impurity scattering of the ¿ and ¿ bands in the two-band MgB2. Besides the efforts of increasing Bc2 by carbon doping, the fine grain size and nano-size inclusions caused by doping would create many flux pinning centers improving the Jc-B property of MgB2. Based on these considerations, we suggested some principles for the selection of dopants.
Brachiocephalic arterial reconstruction.

From 1980 to 1990, 18 patients underwent trans-sternal repair for occlusive disease of the brachiocephalic artery. The mean age was 57 years (43-72). Most of the patients were women (n = 10). All but two patients had one or more symptoms related to the stenosis of the brachiocephalic trunk: right-sided upper limb ischemia (n = 7), transient ischemic attacks (n = 8), vertebrobasilar insufficiency (n = 6), left sided minor stroke (n = 1). Only two patients were asymptomatic before operation. Angiography revealed a tight stenosis (n = 14) or an occlusion (n = 3); in one patient it concerned an ulcerated non-stenotic plaque of the brachiocephalic artery. Eleven patients had coexistent involvement of other supraaortic vessels. Angiographically, clinically and intraoperatively, there was evidence of Takayasu arteritis in three female patients. All patients had direct repair by trans-sternal approach. Six patients with short lesions had thromboendarterectomy with patch angioplasty of the innominate artery. In eleven cases, aorto-brachiocephalic bypass grafting was performed. In one patient, aortic calcification precluded proximal anastomosis, and a carotid-to-carotid bypass was done. In five patients, simultaneous revascularization of subclavian (n = 3), left common carotid (n = 2) or internal carotid artery (n = 2) completed the procedure. In one patient, concomitant coronary revascularization was done. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative morbidity was limited to pulmonary infection (n = 2), transient neurologic deficit (n = 1) and renal insufficiency (n = 1). All patients had relief of symptoms. Duplex echo scan confirmed patency of all reconstructions at a mean follow-up of 46 months. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Numerical Characterization of Particle Beam Collimation by an Aerodynamic Lens-Nozzle System: Part I. An Individual Lens or Nozzle

Particle beams have traditionally been produced by supersonic expansion of a particle-laden gas through a single nozzle to vacuum. However, it has been shown that, by passing the particle-laden gas through a series of axi-symmetric subsonic contractions and expansions (an aerodynamic lens system) prior to the supersonic expansion to vacuum through a single nozzle, beam divergence can be significantly reduced. In this paper, particle motion in expansions of a gas-particle suspension through either a single lens or a single nozzle have been investigated numerically. Since the single aerodynamic lens and the isolated nozzle are the elementary components of any aerodynamic lens-nozzle inlet system, a fundamental understanding of these components is essential for designing an inlet system with the desired sampling rate, collimation, and transmission properties. If a gas undergoes subsonic contraction and expansion through an orifice, the associated particles would follow the fluid streamlines if the particles were inertialess. However, real particles may either experience a displacement toward the axis of symmetry or may impact on the front surface of the lens. The first of these effects leads to collimation of the particles near the axis, but the second effect leads to particle loss. It is found that the maximum particle displacement occurs at a particle Stokes number, St, near unity and significant impact loss also begins at St ; 1. The lens dimensionless geometry and the Reynolds number of the flow are other important parameters. When a gas containing suspended particles undergoes supersonic expansion through a nozzle to vacuum from the lens working pressure (∼300 Pa), it is found that particle beam divergence is a function of Reynolds number, nozzle geometry, and particle Stokes number. More specifically, it is found that a stepped nozzle generally helps to reduce beam divergence and that particle velocity scales with the speed of sound.
Clinical Research Informatics for Big Data and Precision Medicine

Summary Objectives: To reflect on the notable events and significant developments in Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) in the year of 2015 and discuss near-term trends impacting CRI. Methods: We selected key publications that highlight not only important recent advances in CRI but also notable events likely to have significant impact on CRI activities over the next few years or longer, and consulted the discussions in relevant scientific communities and an online living textbook for modern clinical trials. We also related the new concepts with old problems to improve the continuity of CRI research. Results: The highlights in CRI in 2015 include the growing adoption of electronic health records (EHR), the rapid development of regional, national, and global clinical data research networks for using EHR data to integrate scalable clinical research with clinical care and generate robust medical evidence. Data quality, integration, and fusion, data access by researchers, study transparency, results reproducibility, and infrastructure sustainability are persistent challenges. Conclusion: The advances in Big Data Analytics and Internet technologies together with the engagement of citizens in sciences are shaping the global clinical research enterprise, which is getting more open and increasingly stakeholder-centered, where stakeholders include patients, clinicians, researchers, and sponsors.
The Silent Sex: Gender, Deliberation, and Institutions

List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The Problem 8 Chapter 2: The Sources of the Gender Gap in Political Participation 33 Chapter 3: Why Women Don't Speak 51 Chapter 4: The Deliberative Justice Experiment 97 Chapter 5: Speech as a Form of Participation: Floor Time and Perceived Influence 114 Chapter 6: What Makes Women the "Silent Sex" When Their Status Is Low? 143 Chapter 7: Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? 167 Chapter 8: Unpacking the Black Box of Interaction 200 Chapter 9: When Women Speak, Groups Listen--Sometimes: How and When Women's Voice Shapes the Group's Generosity 239 Chapter 10: Gender Inequality in School Boards 273 Conclusion 305 Appendixes 359 References 409 Index 445
Innovation and idiosyncratic risk: an industry- and firm-level analysis

Recent studies find that idiosyncratic risk (IR)—the degree to which firm-specific returns are more volatile than aggregate market returns—has increased since the 1960s and attribute this to economy-wide factors such as the role of the IT revolution. Yet no innovation data is used in these studies. To gain further insights into the relationship between technology and IR, our aricle studies whether firms and industries that are more R&D intensive are in fact characterized by higher IR due to how innovation affects the uncertainty of expected future profits. While the industry-level results prove inconclusive, a clear relationship is found between firm-level R&D intensity and firm-level volatility of returns.
Learning to Think Qualitatively: Experiences of Graduate Students Conducting Qualitative Health Research

In this paper the authors discuss their experiences as graduate students using qualitative approaches to conduct health research. They explore how their engagement with qualitative research has related to feelings of humility, the desire to honor research participants' stories, challenges of pacing and other practical considerations, experiences of isolation and uncertainty, struggles with method and methodology, and moments of elation and discovery. They offer practical suggestions for students who are beginning similar academic endeavors. Supervisors might also find this paper of interest as they mentor and guide graduate students who are using qualitative methods.
Effects of Fatty Acid Structure on Endothelial Cell Expression of Connexin43

3 Acknowledgments I would like to personally thank my committee for making this project possible. Dr. Dave Kurjiaka, my mentor, funded this research endeavor, provided the guidance in technical issues along the way, and lead the investigation towards connexin43 when problems arose in detecting the originally proposed protein, ICAM-1. Dr. Kurjiaka was especially helpful in revising any scientific writing along the way. Dr. Debra Burg generously donated stock LPS to be used in experiments. Additional thanks to Noah Zucker for the tutelage in Western blot techniques before he departed Grand Valley for Abstract The epidemic of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases is linked to elevated fatty acids (FA). Epidemiological data argue that trans FA contribute to the development and progression of these disease processes. Previous work suggests the similarity in structure between saturated and trans FA may stimulate inflammation through trans FA interactions with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To evaluate the impact of trans FA on cardiovascular health, the response of endothelial cells to trans FA was evaluated. Specifically, responses to the 18-carbon trans FA elaidic acid (EA) were compared to the same length cis FA oleic acid (OA). Endothelial cells were exposed to FA treatments for up to 48 hours and protein samples collected at specific times (1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr). The expression of connexin43 (Cx43) was evaluated using Western blot analysis as a measure of their health (increasing in unhealthy endothelial cells). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 µg/mL), a TLR4 agonist, stimulated an increase in endothelial cell Cx43 expression at 12 hours. As the endothelial cells responded to a TLR4 agonist, they were then exposed to OA (30 µM), which decreased the expression of Cx43 at 3, 12, and 24 hours. In contrast, EA (30 µM) increased Cx43 expression at 12 hours. These results suggest that trans FA alter Cx43 expression in a similar pathway as LPS in endothelial cells (likely TLR4 signaling), whereas OA decreased Cx43, likely through a different mechanism.
Impact of Collaboration on Structural Software Quality

The structural quality of a codebase is a key determining factor in the software’s total cost of ownership, yet it is notoriously difficult to measure or predict. In this doctoral research we leverage the power of open source repositories to understand the factors that influence structural quality (and by extension fault-proneness) in the context of the patterns of collaborative behaviour exhibited by contributors. The objective is to further our understanding of how such behaviour impacts structural quality with the end goal being to inform management decision making across the industry in the pursuit of better software engineering practices.
His Electrogram Alternans Reveal Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathway Conduction During Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Slow-Pathway Modification

Background—Traditional tools to study dual-pathway atrioventricular nodal (AVN) electrophysiology are not applicable in subjects with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). The presence of fast-pathway (FP) and slow-pathway (SP) wavefronts and their possible modification remain uncertain in this condition. We demonstrated previously that His electrogram (HE) alternans can determine whether the FP or the SP reaches the His bundle on a beat-by-beat basis. We have now applied this novel index to monitor dual-pathway conduction and the effects of SP modification during AF. Methods and Results—In 12 rabbit AVN preparations, HE alternans were confirmed during a standard A1A2 pacing protocol. During AF, in 9 of the 12 hearts, HE alternans indicated the presence of dual pathways. Successful SP modification guided by the HE alternans eliminated the SP, resulting in a predominantly FP conduction during AF in all hearts. This increased the average His-His interval (204±14 versus 276±51 ms, P <0.001). Morphological studies revealed that SP modification damaged only the posterior extension of the AVN. Conclusions—We have demonstrated for the first time in rabbits that HE alternans permit “visualization” of dual-pathway electrophysiology and confirmed the presence of both FP and SP wavefronts during AF. This novel index has been used in a selective SP ablation that resulted in a significant slowing of the ventricular rate. HE alternans provide a new insight into the mechanisms of AVN conduction and could guide AVN modification for ventricular rate control in AF clinically.
Dynamic Allostery Mediated by a Conserved Tryptophan in the Tec Family Kinases

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a Tec family non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in immune signaling and is associated with the immunological disorder X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Our previous findings showed that the Tec kinases are allosterically activated by the adjacent N-terminal linker. A single tryptophan residue in the N-terminal 17-residue linker mediates allosteric activation, and its mutation to alanine leads to the complete loss of activity. Guided by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry results, we have employed Molecular Dynamics simulations, Principal Component Analysis, Community Analysis and measures of node centrality to understand the details of how a single tryptophan mediates allostery in Btk. A specific tryptophan side chain rotamer promotes the functional dynamic allostery by inducing coordinated motions that spread across the kinase domain. Either a shift in the rotamer population, or a loss of the tryptophan side chain by mutation, drastically changes the coordinated motions and dynamically isolates catalytically important regions of the kinase domain. This work also identifies a new set of residues in the Btk kinase domain with high node centrality values indicating their importance in transmission of dynamics essential for kinase activation. Structurally, these node residues appear in both lobes of the kinase domain. In the N-lobe, high centrality residues wrap around the ATP binding pocket connecting previously described Catalytic-spine residues. In the C-lobe, two high centrality node residues connect the base of the R- and C-spines on the αF-helix. We suggest that the bridging residues that connect the catalytic and regulatory architecture within the kinase domain may be a crucial element in transmitting information about regulatory spine assembly to the catalytic machinery of the catalytic spine and active site.
Sentiment Analysis on Twitter

With the rise of social networking epoch, there has been a surge of user generated content. Microblogging sites have millions of people sharing their thoughts daily because of its characteristic short and simple manner of expression. We propose and investigate a paradigm to mine the sentiment from a popular real-time microblogging service, Twitter, where users post real time reactions to and opinions� about� “everything”. In this paper, we expound a hybrid approach using both corpus based and dictionary based methods to determine the semantic orientation of the opinion words in tweets. A case study is presented to illustrate the use and effectiveness of the proposed system.