Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Assemblages of Informal and Formal Transnational Social Protection

Social protection is an assemblage of informal and formal elements. These opposites – ‘informal’ and ‘formal’ – have been a feature of social policy discourse for a long time. Here, informal social protection is taken as that provided by interpersonal networks, whereas formal social protection is conceptualised as being provided by the state and organisations. This article draws on several bodies of literature on social protection to show how the informal and formal are entangled. We argue for tracing them as ‘assemblages’, going beyond a static understanding of social protection because social actors constantly negotiate the use of informal welfare schemes with formal ones. These negotiations have implications for social inequalities arising out of heterogeneities. Therefore, this article advocates an understanding that recognises that informal and formal protection are interconnected and approached as an assemblage that is important to life chances and, thus, to the production and reproduction of inequalities in transnational social spaces. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color terms and color perception. Reconciling universalism and relativism

The theory postulating that language shapes the way we perceive reality, mostly known as Linguistic Relativity or Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, has been widely debated in the past years. In particular, an increasing number of studies dealt with the relationship between color naming and color perception, this being more easily observable than other rather abstract language categories. While some research on this field provided evidence for language effects on color perception, others stressed cross-linguistic universal tendencies in color naming and perception. Although supporters of the two main approaches have struggled to establish their theories rejecting the opposite view for many years, a new reconciling approach between them seems to emerge in more recent literature. On one hand, this position would acknowledge the existence of universal tendencies in color naming. At the same time, posit that there can also be differences in the way languages encode color boundaries, these differences may, in turn, affect color perception. As a result, the two views not only seem compatible, but even complementary. According to this interpretation, the present paper aims at providing a review on the recent literature concerning color naming and color perception.
A context-based refactoring recommendation approach using simulated annealing: two industrial case studies

Refactoring is a highly valuable solution to reduce and manage the growing complexity of software systems. However, programmers are "opportunistic" when they apply refactorings since most of them are interested in improving the quality of the code fragments that they frequently update or those related to the planned activities for the next release (fixing bugs, adding new functionalities, etc.). In this paper, we describe a search based approach to recommend refactorings based on the analysis of the history of changes to maximize the recommended refactorings for recently modified classes, classes containing incomplete refactorings detected in previous releases, and buggy classes identified in the history of previous bug reports. The obtained results on two industrial projects show significant improvements of the relevance of recommended refactorings, as evaluated by the original developers of the systems.
A note on the composition of alveolar air in the diving duck.

The oxygen-carbon dioxide diagram obtained in two successive dives performed by domestic ducks are different in shape, the curve for the first dive shows a conspicuous S-shape, whereas the second dive performed on a high lactic acid concentration in the blood presents a straight line. This striking change may be explained as caused by a breakdown of the buffering capacity of the blood.
The Hydroalcoholic Extract Obtained from Mentha piperita L. Leaves Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Survival in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Macrophages

Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) possesses antimicrobial properties, but little is known of its ability to modulate macrophages. Macrophages are essential in bacterial infection control due to their antimicrobial functions and ability to link the innate and adaptive immune responses. We evaluated the effects of the peppermint leaf hydroalcoholic extract (LHAE) on cultured murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Vehicle-treated cells were used as controls. The constituents of the extract were also identified. Epicatechin was the major compound detected in the LHAE. LPS-induced macrophage death was reversed by incubation with LHAE (1–30 μg/ml). Higher concentrations of the extract (≥100 μg/ml) decreased macrophage viability (49–57%) in the absence of LPS. LHAE (1–300 μg/ml) attenuated H2O2 (34.6–53.4%) but not nitric oxide production by these cells. At similar concentrations, the extract increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (15.3–63.5-fold) and glutathione peroxidase (34.4–73.6-fold) in LPS-treated macrophages. Only LPS-unstimulated macrophages presented enhanced phagocytosis (3.6–6.6-fold increase) when incubated with LHAE (3–30 μg/ml). Overall, the LHAE obtained from peppermint modulates macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses, by stimulating the antioxidant pathway in these cells. These effects may be beneficial when the excessive activation of macrophages contributes to tissue damage during infectious disease.
Quantitative Assessment of Theses at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Years–(1995-2014)

Background: Review and evaluation of research for the correct steps towards real progress is essential which is a healthy and dynamic feature of the system. For the correct step toward real progress, evaluation research is essential which is feature of healthy and dynamic system. Considering the importance of scientific thesis in production and development and be aware of as the lack of structured information and qualitative and quantitative assessment at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, therefore we decided to do qualitative stud of theirs prepared 1995-2014. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey, a sample of 325 graduate and PhD thesis and dissertation in clinical and basic science at the university of medical sciences of the population in 2060 is a thesis from 1994 to the end of 2014. To study the population, stratified sampling method was used. The descriptive study was conducted in terms of matching the degree thesis students, theses subjects, specialty of supervisors and Advisers. The data gathering tool was checklist of information (gender, discipline, degree and department education of students, School, year of dependence, title of theses and dissertations, specialty and departments of supervisors and advisers, type of research, grade obtained of students). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using 21 SPSS software. Results: We studied 325 theses; 303 dissertations which 1 researcher; 21 dissertations which 2 researchers and 1 dissertation with 3 researchers. A total of 348 students (174 females and 174 males) researcher had theses. The number of students in the Department of Basic Science 82 (23.5%), 266 (76.5 %) in clinical group; 29(8.33%), 29 (8.33%) master degree; 260 (74.71%) general practitioner; 58 (16.67%) specialty and 1(29) at the PhD level. There was no relationship between research and level of education (p = 0.081). However, it was found that majority of the theses for the general practitioner (59.8%) wryer type 1(status condition). By matching and determining the overlapping of specialty of the advisor and the guide with the title, titles of the theses. It was found that 298 (91.69%) of the theses correspond with the specialty of the advisors and the supervisors. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained on the review of the theses to direct students to fundamental research and applying of specialized groups of supervisors and advisers in accordance with research is felt. No doubt that in the future will improve the quality of the students’ theses.
Impact of Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Content, and Function

Skeletal muscle metabolic and contractile properties are reliant on muscle mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein turnover. The turnover of these specific protein pools is compromised during disease, aging, and inactivity. Oppositely, exercise can accentuate muscle protein turnover, thereby counteracting decay in muscle function. According to a traditional consensus, endurance exercise is required to drive mitochondrial adaptations, while resistance exercise is required to drive myofibrillar adaptations. However, concurrent practice of traditional endurance exercise and resistance exercise regimens to achieve both types of muscle adaptations is time-consuming, motivationally demanding, and contended to entail practice at intensity levels, that may not comply with clinical settings. It is therefore of principle interest to identify effective, yet feasible, exercise strategies that may positively affect both mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein turnover. Recently, reports indicate that traditional high-load resistance exercise can stimulate muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial respiratory function. Moreover, fatiguing low-load resistance exercise has been shown capable of promoting muscle hypertrophy and expectedly entails greater metabolic stress to potentially enhance mitochondrial adaptations. Consequently, fatiguing low-load resistance exercise regimens may possess the ability to stimulate muscle mitochondrial adaptations without compromising muscle myofibrillar accretion. However, the exact ability of resistance exercise to drive mitochondrial adaptations is debatable, not least due to some methodological challenges. The current review therefore aims to address the evidence on the effects of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, content and function. In prolongation, a perspective is taken on the specific potential of low-load resistance exercise on promoting mitochondrial adaptations.
Health monitoring using gait phase effects

The need to monitor patients after they leave the hospital or clinics is of growing concern and doctors may need the facility to monitor certain patients more than others. For example patients with high blood pressure are sometimes fitted with a mobile monitor which can be used to track the patients blood pressure over time. Patients suffering from depression, however, may also need to be monitored to ensure that they are in a happy emotional state. In this paper we introduce an alternative approach to mood detection and tracking based on built-in accelerometer sensors found in common mobile phones. Our method can be seen to compliment the need to monitor such patients allowing for doctors to get in touch with them when their mood has altered. We build a system based on neural networks which takes the gait information and learns the associated mood of the user. This trained model is then used to detect the mood of the individuals. We demonstrate preliminary results on mood detection using a mobile prototype system.
A Radical Solution to the Race Problem

It has become customary among philosophers and biologists to claim that folk racial classification has no biological basis. This paper attempts to debunk that view. In this paper I show that ‘race’, as used in current US race talk, picks out a biologically real entity. I do this by first showing that ‘race’, in this use, is not a kind term, but a proper name for a set of human population groups. Next, using recent human genetic clustering results, I show that this set of human population groups is a partition of human populations that I call ‘the Blumenbach partition’.
An Argumentative Approach to Reasoning with Inconsistent Ontologies

Standard approaches to reasoning with Description Logics (DL) ontologies require them to be consistent. However, as ontologies are complex entities and sometimes built upon other imported ontologies, inconsistencies can arise. In this paper, we present a framework for reasoning with inconsistent DL ontologies. Our proposal involves expressing DL ontologies as Defeasible Logic Programs (DeLP). Given a query posed w.r. t. an inconsistent ontology, a dialectical analysis will be performed on a DeLP program obtained from such ontology where all arguments in favor and against the final answer of the query will be taken into account. We also present an application to ontology integration based on the global-as-view approach.
Can you stay home today? Parents’ occupations, relative resources and division of care leave for sick children

This is one of only a few studies on the division of care leave for sick children (temporary parental leave) between parents in Sweden and is the first to examine the importance of differences in parents’ work characteristics. The study uses register data for parents with children born between 1999 and 2002 to analyse two aspects of parents’ employment that may be of importance for the division of care leave: their relative resources, in this case wages, and different occupations. First, the results show that a father’s share of care leave increases as the mother’s relative wage decreases. This suggests that decisions about care leave are influenced by bargaining power gained through differences in resources. Second, the resources of couples where both partners work in the same occupation are more equal, and such couples also divide care leave more equally than couples with different occupations. However, the fact that same-occupation couples tend to share care leave more equally does not seem to be explained by similarities in the partners’ work characteristics, and may instead be due to unmeasured, stable characteristics. Greater income and career possibilities for the women are proposed as a possible explanation of the division of care leave for same-occupation couples.
Relationship of serum uric acid, serum creatinine and serum cystatin C with maternal and fetal outcomes in rural Indian pregnant women

Background Hypertensive disorders are the most common in pregnancy. Several studies showed a positive correlation between elevated maternal serum uric acid (UA), serum creatinine and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but only a few studies are available on serum cystatin C and maternal and fetal outcomes. The present study was undertaken to study the association of serum UA, creatinine and cystatin C with maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods Out of 116 pregnant women 69 women had no hypertension and 47 had hypertension with or without proteinuria. Serum UA, creatinine and cystatin C was measured by modified Uricase method, modified kinetic Jaffe’s reaction and particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the independent effects of serum UA, creatinine and cystatin C on maternal and fetal outcomes using stata 13.1. Results The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 3.73 (95% CI: 1.18-11.75; P=0.024) for UA; 15.79 (95% CI: 3.04-81.94; P=0.001) for creatinine and 2.03 (95% CI: 0.70-5.87; P=0.192) for cystatin C in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. All the three renal parameters were not significantly associated with birth weight, gestational age of delivery and mode of delivery after adjusting for the confounding factors. Conclusions Serum creatinine and uric acid are independent risk factors for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. High serum uric acid is associated with low birth weight and delivery by caesarian section whereas high serum creatinine with preterm delivery only before adjustment for confounding factors and not after adjustment. Serum cystatin C was not significantly associated with the maternal and fetal outcomes.
Divorce/Divorce Potential and Interparental Conflict: The Relationship to Early Adolescent Social and Cognitive Functioning

In the present study early adolescent social and cognitive performance was examined as a function of interparental conflict, divorce potential, and divorce. Fifty-six 11-15 year old adolescents served as subjects. Mothers completed measures of interparental conflict and, for those who were married, divorce potential. Adolescents and their social study teachers completed measures of social and cognitive functioning. Each adolescent's grade point average was also calculated. A series of 2x3 analyses of covariance with two between-subject factors (conflict: low and high; marital status/divorce potential: married with low divorce potential, married with high divorce potential, and divorced) revealed no significant effects on adolescent-completed measures. Teacher-completed measures and grade point average, however, indicated that the adolescents in the Divorced/High Conflict group were functioning less well than those in the other groups. Divorce potential did not significantly impact adolescent functioning. The results were discussed in terms of adolescents' perceptions of their functioning and in terms of divorce and interparental conflict serving as stressors.
Mechanically robust, electrically and thermally conductive graphene-based epoxy adhesives

Abstract This study develops a facile approach to fabricate adhesives consists of epoxy and cost-effective graphene platelets (GnPs). Morphology, mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, and adhesive toughness of epoxy/GnP nanocomposite were investigated. Significant improvements in mechanical properties of epoxy/GnP nanocomposites were achieved at low GnP loading of merely 0.5 vol%; for example, Young’s modulus, fracture toughness (K1C) and energy release rate (G1C) increased by 71%, 133% and 190%, respectively compared to neat epoxy. Percolation threshold of electrical conductivity is recorded at 0.58 vol% and thermal conductivity of 2.13 W m−1 K−1 at 6 vol% showing 4 folds enhancements. The lap shear strength of epoxy/GnP nanocomposite adhesive improved from 10.7 MPa for neat epoxy to 13.57 MPa at 0.375 vol% GnPs. The concluded results are superior to other composites or adhesives at similar fractions of fillers such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide. The study promises that GnPs are ideal candidate to achieve multifunctional epoxy adhesives.
Establishment of a GIS monitoring system for schistosomiasis japonica in Kofu, Japan

Abstract Although the incidence of human infection with Schistosoma japonicum in Japan fell to zero in 1977, the threat of the possible re-emergence of the disease caused by this trematode still exists. Surveillance of the parasite's intermediate host, Oncomelania nosophora, in Kofu basin therefore began in 1996. A simple, new method for monitoring O. nosophora in an at-risk area in Kofu, which is based on a geographical information system (GIS), was established. At each monitoring site (of which there were 120 from 1996 until 2000, and 60 from 2001 until 2003), the O. nosophora in two quadrats, each measuring 25 × 25 cm, were collected. During the study, the exact location of each site was determined using a hand-held global-positioning system (GPS). This allowed all the sites to be digitally mapped, so that anyone with a hand-held GPS could and can reach each site. The snail and location data were processed using commercial GPS/GIS software packages and used to create a risk map for schistosomiasis re-emergence. Although all snails collected between 1996 and 2003 were uninfected, the proportion of investigated sites in which O. nosophora was detected increased from 36.7% in 1996 to 56.7% in 2003. The mean number of O. nosophora collected per snail-positive site fluctuated widely, between 8.2 and 57.4, in each calendar year. Over the study period there appeared to be a shift southwards in the areas with high densities of O. nosophora. The present results indicate that it is possible to utilize a GIS-based method for the long-term monitoring of the possible re-emergence of schistosomiasis japonica in Japan.
The student-as-consumer approach in higher education and its effects on academic performance

Students studying at universities in England have been defined as customers by the government since the introduction of student tuition fees. Although this approach has been rejected by educators, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the extent to which students express a consumer orientation and its effects on academic performance. These issues were examined in the current study by surveying 608 undergraduates at higher education institutions in England about their consumer attitudes and behaviours in relation to their higher education, learner identity, and academic performance. The analysis revealed that consumer orientation mediated traditional relationships between learner identity, grade goal and academic performance, and found that a higher consumer orientation was associated with lower academic performance. Furthermore, responsibility for paying tuition fees and studying a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics subject were associated with a higher consumer orientation and subsequently lower academic performance. Implications for academic performance are discussed.
Experiences Providing Medical Assistance during the Sewol Ferry Disaster Using Traditional Korean Medicine

Background This study aimed to investigate medical records using traditional Korean medicine (TKM) in Sewol Ferry disaster in 2014 and further explore the possible role of traditional medicine in disaster situation. Methods After Sewol Ferry accident, 3 on-site tents for TKM assistance by the Association of Korean Medicine (AKOM) in Jindo area were installed. The AKOM mobilized volunteer TKM doctors and assistants and dispatched each on-site tent in three shifts within 24 hours. Anyone could use on-site tent without restriction and TKM treatments including herb medicine were administered individually. Results The total of 1,860 patients were treated during the periods except for medical assistance on the barge. Most patients were diagnosed in musculoskeletal diseases (66.4%) and respiratory diseases (7.4%) and circulatory diseases (8.4%) followed. The most frequently used herbal medicines were Shuanghe decoction (80 days), Su He Xiang Wan (288 pills), and Wuji powder (73 days). Conclusions TKM in medical assistance can be helpful to rescue worker or group life people in open shelter when national disasters occur. Therefore, it is important to construct a rapid respond system using TKM resources based on experience.
The Relationship among Leisure Involvement, Leisure Benefits, and Happiness of Elementary Schoolteachers in Tainan County

We examined the relationships among leisure involvement, leisure benefits, and happiness from the perspective of elementary schoolteachers. The results of independent sample t -test show that the male teachers in participating in leisure activities reaches a significant difference compared to female teachers including leisure involvement, leisure benefits and happiness. From the one-way ANOVA results indicated that the elementary schoolteachers have significant differences in ages and job position variables for leisure involvement and in teaching years and job position for leisure benefits. Finally, the elementary schoolteachers have significant differences in education, teaching years, and job position for happiness. Leisure involvement and leisure benefits most strongly predict the happiness of elementary schoolteachers.