Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey of amphotericin B susceptibility of Candida clinical isolates determined by Etest.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amphotericin B (AmB) determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS; NCCLS document M27-A) broth dilution method are in a relatively narrow ranges and this may lead to underestimation of the AmB-resistant rate in clinical isolates. We evaluated in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida spp. to AmB using Etest and determined the distribution of AmB MICs in different species. METHODS We used the Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) to evaluate the MICs of Candida isolates randomly collected during 2001-2003 in a teaching hospital. RESULTS Of the 572 isolates evaluated, Candida albicans (50.7%) was the most common species, followed by Candida tropicalis (23.9%), Candida parapsilosis (13.1%), Candida glabrata (9.4%), Candida krusei (1.9%), and Candida guilliermondii (0.9%). The majority of isolates were from blood (85%). The minimal concentrations of AmB required to inhibit 50%/90% of the isolates (MIC(50)/MIC(90)) were 0.19/0.38 microg/mL for C. krusei, 0.125/0.38 microg/mL for C. glabrata, 0.094/0.25 microg/mL for C. tropicalis, 0.032/0.19 microg/mL for C. albicans, 0.016/0.125 microg/mL for C. parapsilosis, and 0.023/0.032 microg/mL for C. guilliermondii. Only 1 blood isolate of C. glabrata was resistant to AmB (MIC > or =1 microg/mL) [0.17%]. 18.2% of isolates were less susceptible to AmB (MIC > or =0.19 microg/mL) with the highest rates for C. krusei (63.6%), followed by C. glabrata (37.0%), C. tropicalis (29.9%), C. albicans (11.0%), C. parapsilosis (5.3%), and C. guilliermondii (0%). More isolates collected from patients with hematologic malignancy were less susceptible to AmB than those collected from those with other diseases (30.5% vs 15.4%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that AmB resistance remains rare at this hospital in Candida clinical isolates despite increasing use of this agent during the past 4 decades.
Ethnic Evaluations of Advertising: Interaction Effects of Strength of Ethnic Identification, Media Placement, and Degree of Racial Composition

Abstract The study reported examined effects of strength of ethnic identification, media placement, and ad racial composition on attitudes and purchase intentions among African-Americans. The effects of the independent variables were assessed via a two (strong ethnic identifier vs. weak ethnic identifier) by two (racially targeted vs. nontargeted media) by four (black model, white model, black-dominant integration, white-dominant integration) experimental design in the context of two personal care products: foundation, a race-based product, and perfume, a racially neutral product. Results indicate that strong ethnic identifiers generally have more positive evaluations of ads that feature African-Americans in positions of dominance and are placed in racially targeted media, whereas weak ethnic identifiers have more positive evaluations of ads that feature whites in positions of dominance and are placed in nontargeted media. In addition, the type of product advertised, whether it be specifically related to .
Transcriptome Profiling of Peripheral Blood in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Functional Pathways Related to Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) represents one of the greatest known genetic risk factors for the development of psychotic illness, and is also associated with high rates of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in childhood. We performed integrated genomic analyses of 22q11DS to identify genes and pathways related to specific phenotypes. Methods We used a high-resolution aCGH array to precisely characterize deletion breakpoints. Using peripheral blood, we examined differential expression (DE) and networks of co-expressed genes related to phenotypic variation within 22q11DS patients. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling was performed using Illumina Human HT-12 microarrays. Data mining techniques were used to validate our results against independent samples of both peripheral blood and brain tissue from idiopathic psychosis and ASD cases. Results Eighty-five percent of 22q11DS individuals (N = 39) carried the typical 3 Mb deletion, with significant variability in deletion characteristics in the remainder of the sample (N = 7). DE analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified expression changes related to psychotic symptoms in patients, including a module of co-expressed genes which was associated with psychosis in 22q11DS and involved in pathways associated with transcriptional regulation. This module was enriched for brain-expressed genes, was not related to antipsychotic medication use, and significantly overlapped with transcriptional changes in idiopathic schizophrenia. In 22q11DS-ASD, both DE and WGCNA analyses implicated dysregulation of immune response pathways. The ASD-associated module showed significant overlap with genes previously associated with idiopathic ASD. Conclusion These findings further support the use of peripheral tissue in the study of major mutational models of diseases affecting the brain, and point towards specific pathways dysregulated in 22q11DS carriers with psychosis and ASD.
RNA Replication of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Takes Place at Double-Membrane Vesicles

ABSTRACT The replication complexes (RCs) of positive-stranded RNA viruses are intimately associated with cellular membranes. To investigate membrane alterations and to characterize the RC of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), we performed biochemical and ultrastructural studies using MHV-infected cells. Biochemical fractionation showed that all 10 of the MHV gene 1 polyprotein products examined pelleted with the membrane fraction, consistent with membrane association of the RC. Furthermore, MHV gene 1 products p290, p210, and p150 and the p150 cleavage product membrane protein 1 (MP1, also called p44) were resistant to extraction with Triton X-114, indicating that they are integral membrane proteins. The ultrastructural analysis revealed double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in the cytoplasm of MHV-infected cells. The DMVs were found either as separate entities or as small clusters of vesicles. To determine whether MHV proteins and viral RNA were associated with the DMVs, we performed immunocytochemistry electron microscopy (IEM). We found that the DMVs were labeled using an antiserum directed against proteins derived from open reading frame 1a of MHV. By electron microscopy in situ hybridization (ISH) using MHV-specific RNA probes, DMVs were highly labeled for both gene 1 and gene 7 sequences. By combined ISH and IEM, positive-stranded RNA and viral proteins localized to the same DMVs. Finally, viral RNA synthesis was detected by labeling with 5-bromouridine 5′-triphosphate. Newly synthesized viral RNA was found to be associated with the DMVs. We conclude from these data that the DMVs carry the MHV RNA replication complex and are the site of MHV RNA synthesis.
THE ANALYTIC RELATIONSHIP: INTEGRATING JUNGIAN, ATTACHMENT THEORY AND DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

This paper highlights some key features of a Jungian approach to transference and countertransference and suggests that a Jungian model has crucial aspects in common with contemporary views in attachment theory on the nature of the analytic relationship. The analytic relationship is examined in terms of the fundamental processes of psychic development described in attachment theory and affective neuroscience, namely affect regulation and development of reflective function and of self-agency. The relative value of three analytic techniques, those of interpretation, new relational experience and regression, are discussed in relation to these processes. I suggest that each of the traditional psychoanalytic and Jungian analytic models concentrates on differing aspects of these psychic processes and analytic techniques. I construct a grid to illustrate this and to demonstrate how attachment theory and developmental neuroscience offer a theoretical basis on which we can develop an integrated model of the nature of the analytic relationship and tasks.
Effect of natural honey from Ilam and metformin for improving glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective(s): Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem and one of the five leading causes of death globally. In the present study, the effect of Metformin with natural honey was investigated on glycemia in the Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into six groups including C: non diabetic rats received distilled water, CH: non diabetic rats received honey, CD: diabetic rats administered with distilled water, DM: Metformin treated diabetic rats, DH: honey treated diabetic rats, and DMH: diabetic rats treated with a combination of Metformin and natural honey. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg; i.p.). The animals were treated by oral gavage once daily for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and their blood samples collected. Amount of glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, total bilirubin, and albumin were determined in serum. Results: Group CD: showed hyperglycemia (252.2±4.1 mg/dl), while level of blood glucose was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in groups DH (124.2±2.7 mg/dl), DM (108.0±3.4 mg/dl), and DMH (115.4±2.1 mg/dl). Honey in combination with Metformin significantly (p<0.01) reduced level of bilirubin but Metformin alone did not reduce bilirubin. Honey alone and in combination with Metformin also significantly reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and increased HDL, but Metformin did not reduced triglycerides and increased HDL. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that consuming natural honey with Metformin improves glycemic control and is more useful than consuming Metformin alone. The higher therapeutic effect of Ilam honey on lipid abnormalities than Tualang honey was also evident.
Periarticular Calcification Causing Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Case Report

We report a case of acute carpal tunnel syndrome caused by periarticular calcification (hydroxyapatite deposition disease) around the wrist joint in a 64-year-old woman. She had acute severe pain, exacerbated by wrist movements and extension of the fingers. Her full blood count, urea, electrolytes, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and thyroid function levels were all within normal ranges, and her serum was negative for rheumatoid factor. Computed tomography revealed lobulated calcification close to the volar capsule. She underwent an emergency surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel under general anaesthesia within 3 hours of presentation. The flexor tendon sheaths were excised, and ‘toothpaste-like’ chalky material (hydroxyapatite crystals) in the capsule was removed. The pain was relieved dramatically and her median nerve function recovered. She was symptom-free at the one-year follow-up.
Columnar EEG magnetic influences on molecular development of short-term memory

Fo rs ev eral decades the stated Holy Grail of chemical, biological and bioph ysical research into neocortical information processing has been to reduce such neocortical phenomena into specific bottom-up molecular and smaller-scale processes. Over the past three decades, with re gard to short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) phenomena, which themselves are likely components of other phenomena like attention and consciousness, a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) approach has yielded specific details of STM capacity ,d uration and stability not present in molecular approaches, but it is clear that most molecular approaches consider it ine vitable that their reductionist approaches at molecular and possibly eve nq uantum scales will yet prove t ob ec ausal explanations of such phenomena. The SMNI approach is a bottom-up aggregation from synaptic scales to columnar and regional scales of neocortex, and has been merged with larger non-invasive EEG scales with other colleagues -- all at scales much coarser than molecular scales. As with man yC rusades for some truths, other truths can be trampled. It is proposed that an SMNI vector potential (SMNI-VP) constructed from magnetic fields induced by neuronal electrical firings, at thresholds of collecti ve m inicolumnar activity with laminar specification, can give rise to causal top-down mechanisms that effect molecular excitatory and inhibitory processes in STM and LTM. A specific example might be causal influences on momentum p of Ca 2+ ions by the SMNI-VP A ,a sc alculated by the canonical momentum Π, Π= p - qA ,w here q =- 2e for Ca 2+ , e is the electron coulomb charge, which may be applied either classically or quantum-mechanically . S uch a smoking gun for top-down effects awaits forensic in vivo experimental verification, requiring appreciating the necessity and due diligence of including true multiple-scale interactions across orders of magnitude in the comple xn eocortical environment.
Data-driven design of RASTA-like filters

We describe use of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for data-driven automatic design of RASTA-like (cid:12)lters. The LDA applied to rather long segments of time trajectories of critical-band energies yields FIR (cid:12)lters to be applied to these time trajectories in the feature extraction module. Frequency responses of the (cid:12)rst three discriminant vectors are in principle consistent with the ad hoc designed RASTA, delta and double-delta (cid:12)lters. On a connected digit task the new features outperform the original RASTA processing.
Argument is Argument: An Essay on Conceptual Metaphor and Verbal Dispute

The metaphor “ARGUMENT IS WAR” looms large in the conceptualist and experientialist approach of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). Despite extensive discussion of this metaphor by critics and supporters of Lakoff and Johnson, it has so far escaped serious scrutiny on several key points. English-speakers can identify verbal exchanges as arguments without resort to metaphorical comparisons or transfers, and speakers' use of war metaphors to characterize verbal dispute depends on conventional understandings rather than personal experience of war or of other kinds of physical struggle. Much of the evidence for Lakoff and Johnson's claims—a culture that metaphorizes argument as dance; the historical and personal priority of force over verbal dispute; the influence of metaphor on action; even the experience supposedly shaping source domains—depends on supposition and ungrounded assertion. In making sense of how people use this metaphor, the discourse-based program elaborated by Naomi Quinn (1991, 1997) carries analysis further than a purely conceptualist approach.
Tribute to Tinbergen: Questions and How to Answer Them

Despite the major advances that have occurred in the study of animal behaviour in the 50 years since the publication of Tinbergen's (ZeitschriftfurTierpsychologie, 20, 1963, 410) ‘Aims and Methods’ paper, the framework he outlined still remains the best way we have of guiding and organizing behavioural research. His distinction between four different types of question – adaptation, phylogeny, immediate causal mechanism and development – and his insistence on being clear on what would count as answers to each of them are still as good an introduction to the subject today as they ever were.
Patterns of population subdivision and gene flow in the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops reflected in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers

The Australian endemic ant Nothomyrmecia macrops is renowned for having retained a large proportion of ‘primitive’ morphological and behavioural characters. Another less studied peculiarity of this species is the production of short‐winged (brachypterous) female sexuals, which presumably are poor dispersers. The males, in contrast, bear a full set of normally developed wings and thus may disperse widely. We investigated patterns of genetic differentiation within and among three distantly separated populations in South Australia using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci and four regions of mitochondrial DNA (COI, COII, Cytb, lrRNA). We sampled eight subpopulations, one in the Lake Gilles CP, two near Penong and five around Poochera where distances ranged from 360 km to sites separated by 2–10 km. Only little differentiation was found at the local scale (within the assumed dispersal distance of males) using nuclear markers, whereas the three distant locations were moderately differentiated (FST = 0.06). Mitochondrial DNA genetic structure was much more pronounced on all scales (φST = 0.98), with regular differences in both haplotype composition and frequency even occurring among closely located sites. This lack of congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial markers strongly suggests limited female dispersal and male‐biased gene flow among populations. As to the conservation status of the species there is no evidence for severe population reductions in the recent past, which would have left populations genetically depauperate.
Psychological disturbance and service provision in parentally bereaved children: prospective case-control study

Abstract Objectives: To identify whether psychiatric disturbance in parentally bereaved children and surviving parents is related to service provision. Design: Prospective case-control study. Setting: Two adjacent outer London health authorities. Participants: 45 bereaved families with children aged 2 to 16 years. Main outcome measures: Psychological disturbance in parentally bereaved children and surviving parents, and statistical associations between sample characteristics and service provision. Results: Parentally bereaved children and surviving parents showed higher than expected levels of psychiatric difficulties. Boys were more affected than girls, and bereaved mothers had more mental health difficulties than bereaved fathers Levels of psychiatric disturbance in children were higher when parents showed probable psychiatric disorder. Service provision related to the age of the children and the manner of parental death Children under 5 years of age were less likely to be offered services than older children even though their parents desired it Children were significantly more likely to be offered services when the parent had committed suicide or when the death was expected Children least likely to receive service support were those who were not in touch with services before parental death. Conclusions: Service provision was not significantly related to parental wishes or to level of psychiatric disturbance in parents or children. There is a role for general practitioners and primary care workers in identifying psychologically distressed surviving parents whose children may be psychiatrically disturbed, and referring them to appropriate services. Key messages Parentally bereaved children show high levels of psychological disturbance, with boys being more vulnerable than girls Surviving mothers show more psychiatric morbidity than surviving fathers Psychological distress in bereaved parents is associated with psychological difficulties in their children Service provision for bereaved children is not determined by mental health difficulties in either parents or children, or by parental wishes; it is influenced only by the manner of parental death and the age of the child The mismatch between need and service provision indicates a role for general practitioners and primary care workers in identifying distressed or disturbed families in need of public or voluntary service help
Identification of organic acids produced during rice straw decomposition and their role in rock phosphate solubilization

The production of organic acids and changes during decomposition of rice straw amended with tricalcium phos phate (TCP) and Udaipur rock phosphate (URP) were studied under laboratory conditions. The organic C content of rice straw decreased and total N increased with time, resulting in a decrease in C:N ratio as the decomposition progressed. The pH decreased to acidic range in all the treatments on day 15, but became alkaline again later on. Soluble P increased at 15 days after incubation, declined later during decomposition, and was highest in the treatments containing TCP and Aspergillus awamori inoculation. Citric, oxalic, formic and maleic acids were detected during decomposition of rice straw and maximum amounts were present on day 15. Citric and oxalic acids were responsible mainly for P solubilization from TCP and URP; generally, citric acid was the most effective in P solubilization.
Facebook makes the heart grow fonder: relationship maintenance strategies among geographically dispersed and communication-restricted connections

The increasing ubiquity of information and communication technologies has dramatically impacted interpersonal communication and relationship maintenance processes. These technologies remove temporal and spatial constraints, enabling communication at a distance for low to no physical costs. Research has established that technologies such as email supplement other forms of communication in relationship maintenance, but to what extent do newer technologies--which contain a unique set of affordances--facilitate these processes? Furthermore, do SNS users engage in different practices through the site and obtain different relational benefits based on specific characteristics of the tie? Findings from a survey of adult Facebook users (N=415) indicate that geographically distant Facebook Friends, as well as those who rely on the site as their primary form of communication, engage in relationship maintenance strategies through the site to a greater extent and perceive the site to have a more positive impact on the quality of their relationships.
Institutional Pluralism and Governance in “Commercialized” Sport Clubs

Abstract In the European context “commercialized” sport clubs (CSCs) typically operate in multiple social spheres where different institutional logics prevail and hence CSCs are faced with having to be many different things to many different people. In this article a tentative typology of seven institutional logics that combine to constitute the CSC is outlined and their interrelations and implications for governance are discussed. Drawing extensively on institutional organization theory, the article identifies the need for leadership to create organizations that become an end in their own right despite the multitude of logics that constitutes them.
Five rated characteristics of 650 word association stimuli.

Ratings are presented for 650 stimuli from word-association lists on each of five scales: good—bad, pleasant—unpleasant, emotional—neutral, concrete—abstract, and easy to associate to—difficult to associate to. The ratings are shown to be highly reliable, and to agree well with previously collected norms of a similar character. The intercorrelations of the five scales with one another and with word frequency are reported.