Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being true to oneself: investigating celebrity brand authenticity

Celebrity brand authenticity is introduced as a construct that represents consumer perceptions of celebrities being “true to oneself” in their behaviors and interactions with consumers. A scale is developed through two purification stages and the scale's predictive validity is assessed. First, the meaning of celebrity brand authenticity to consumers is explored. Second, the Authenticity Inventory from the psychology literature is adapted to develop a scale for consumer perceptions of celebrity brand authenticity. Celebrity brands are perceived as true to self when they appear genuine in their relationships with consumers and behave in accordance with their perceived held values. Evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the celebrity brand authenticity scale is provided, which confirms celebrity brand authenticity as distinct from celebrity attachment, despite containing relational items. Finally, the predictive power of celebrity brand authenticity is confirmed through positively influencing consumer intentions to purchase an endorsed brand. Brand managers can use celebrity brand authenticity to position or develop celebrity brands, as well as in the selection of celebrity endorsers.
Effects of Sevoflurane Exposure During Mid-Pregnancy on Learning and Memory in Offspring Rats: Beneficial Effects of Maternal Exercise

Fetal exposure to general anesthetics may pose significant neurocognitive risks but methods to mitigate against these detrimental effects are still to be determined. We set out, therefore, to assess whether single or repeated in utero exposure to sevoflurane triggers long-term cognitive impairments in rat offspring. Since maternal exercise during pregnancy has been shown to improve cognition in offspring, we hypothesized that maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy would protect against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. In the first experiment, pregnant rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 2 h on gestational (G) day 14, or to sequential exposure for 2 h on G13, G14 and G15. In the second experiment, pregnant rats in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 60 min/day during the whole pregnancy. The TrkB antagonist ANA-12 was used to investigate whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the neuroprotection afforded by maternal exercise. Our data suggest that repeated, but not single, exposure to sevoflurane caused a reduction in both histone acetylation and BDNF expression in fetal brain tissues and postnatal hippocampus. This was accompanied by decreased numbers of dendritic spines, impaired spatial-dependent learning and memory dysfunction. These effects were mitigated by maternal exercise but the TrkB antagonist ANA-12 abolished the beneficial effects of maternal exercise. Our findings suggest that repeated, but not single, exposure to sevoflurane in pregnant rats during the second trimester caused long-lasting learning and memory dysfunction in the offspring. Maternal exercise ameliorated the postnatal neurocognitive impairment by enhancing histone acetylation and activating downstream BDNF/TrkB/Akt signaling.
Can You Explain That, Better? Comprehensible Text Analytics for SE Applications

Text mining methods are used for a wide range of Software Engineering (SE) tasks. The biggest challenge of text mining is high dimensional data, i.e., a corpus of documents can contain $10^4$ to $10^6$ unique words. To address this complexity, some very convoluted text mining methods have been applied. Is that complexity necessary? Are there simpler ways to quickly generate models that perform as well as the more convoluted methods and also be human-readable? To answer these questions, we explore a combination of LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and FFTs (Fast and Frugal Trees) to classify NASA software bug reports from six different projects. Designed using principles from psychological science, FFTs return very small models that are human-comprehensible. When compared to the commonly used text mining method and a recent state-of-the-art-system (search-based SE method that automatically tune the control parameters of LDA), these FFT models are very small (a binary tree of depth $d = 4$ that references only 4 topics) and hence easy to understand. They were also faster to generate and produced similar or better severity predictions. Hence we can conclude that, at least for datasets explored here, convoluted text mining models can be deprecated in favor of simpler method such as LDA+FFTs. At the very least, we recommend LDA+FFTs (a) when humans need to read, understand, and audit a model or (b) as an initial baseline method for the SE researchers exploring text artifacts from software projects.
Max-Margin DeepWalk: Discriminative Learning of Network Representation

DeepWalk is a typical representation learning method that learns low-dimensional representations for vertices in social networks. Similar to other network representation learning (NRL) models, it encodes the network structure into vertex representations and is learnt in unsupervised form. However, the learnt representations usually lack the ability of discrimination when applied to machine learning tasks, such as vertex classification. In this paper, we overcome this challenge by proposing a novel semi-supervised model, max-margin Deep-Walk (MMDW). MMDW is a unified NRL framework that jointly optimizes the max-margin classifier and the aimed social representation learning model. Influenced by the max-margin classifier, the learnt representations not only contain the network structure, but also have the characteristic of discrimination. The visualizations of learnt representations indicate that our model is more discriminative than unsupervised ones, and the experimental results on vertex classification demonstrate that our method achieves a significant improvement than other state-of-the-art methods. The source code can be obtained from https://github.com/thunlp/MMDW.
Construing the Essence: The Effects of Construal Level on Genetic Attributions for Individual and Social Group Differences

The present research links a nonsocial, contextual influence (construal level) to the tendency to endorse genetic attributions for individual and social group differences. Studies 1 to 3 show that people thinking in an abstract (vs. concrete) mind-set score higher on a measure of genetic attributions for individual and racial group differences. Study 4 showed that abstract (vs. concrete) construal also increased genetic attributions for novel groups. Study 5 explored the potential downstream consequences of construal on intergroup attitudes, and found that abstract (vs. concrete) construal led people to endorse genetic attributions in general and this was associated with increased anti-Black prejudice.
Autologous Ilium Grafts: Long-Term Results on Immediate or Staged Functional Rehabilitation of Mandibular Segmental Defects Using Dental Implants after Tumor Resection.

BACKGROUND It is a challenge for clinicians to restore oral function in patients with segmental defects of the mandible because of tumor extirpation. Dental implant therapy following vascularized autologous ilium grafts is an effective method to restore oral function in patients with mandibular segmental defects. PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of ilium grafts combined with immediate or staged mandibular dental implant therapy to restore craniofacial defects resulting from tumor resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a 5-year period (2000-2004), 32 patients who underwent mandibular segmental resection for tumors were treated with vascularized ilium grafts to augment bone volume. Seventeen patients received phase I therapy (immediate placement of implants), and 15 patients underwent phase II therapy (delayed placement of implants). A total of 110 dental implants were placed in these patients for mandibular restoration of the defective areas. Information regarding implant success and survival rates, marginal bone loss, soft tissue inflammation, complications of prosthesis, and patient satisfaction for the 8 to 12 years following oral reconstruction was obtained from patient records. RESULTS Although there was mild evidence of bone graft resorption, the vascularized autogenous ilium bone grafts were successful in all patients. The cumulative patient survival and success rate of the implants were 96.4% and 91.8%, respectively. The mean peri-implant bone resorption ranged from 1.0 to 1.2 mm over the 8- to 12-year follow-up period. The annual mean number of complications/repairs was from 0.11 to 0.07 per patient during the 8- to 12-year follow-up. Over 80% of the patients were fully satisfied with their restoration of oral function. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that reconstruction of mandibular segmental defects because of resection of mandibular tumors using dental implants therapy combined with vascularized autogenous ilium grafts is an effective method to restore oral function.
The effect of ovulatory follicle size at the time of insemination onpregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows

The aims of this study were to determine the factors that affect follicle size at the time of artificial insemination (AI) and to detect the relationship between ovulatory follicle size at the time of AI and pregnancy rate in dairy cows. A total of 1428 follicle size measurements were obtained from Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Swedish Red (SR) cows that were inseminated with the fixed-timed AI protocols used in this study. Follicle size was affected by breed (P = 0.0001), milk production (P = 0.01), parity (P = 0.05), and season (P = 0.04). Follicle size was greater (P = 0.0001) in the HF (15.55 mm) than the SR cows (14.88 mm). Multiparous cows had larger (P = 0.04) follicles (15.35 mm) than the primiparous cows (15.07 mm). Cows with follicle sizes between 13.5 and 17.5 mm were more likely to be pregnant than cows with other sizes follicles (P < 0.01). Embryonic loss was lower (P < 0.01) in cows with follicle sizes between 13.5 and 16.5 mm. Thus, the follicle size was affected by breed, milk production, parity, and season. Pregnancy and embryonic loss in lactating dairy cows were significantly related to follicle size.
A new strategy to infer circularity applied to four new complete frog mitogenomes

Abstract We applied a novel strategy to infer sequence circularity and complete assembly of four mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of the frog families Bufonidae (Melanophryniscus moreirae), Dendrobatidae (Hyloxalus subpunctatus and Phyllobates terribilis), and Scaphiopodidae (Scaphiopus holbrookii). These are the first complete mitogenomes of these four genera and Scaphiopodidae. We assembled mitogenomes from short genomic sequence reads using a baiting and iterative mapping strategy followed by a new ad hoc mapping strategy developed to test for assembly circularization. To assess the quality of the inferred circularization, we used Bowtie2 alignment scores and a new per‐position sequence coverage value (which we named “connectivity”). Permutation tests with 400 iterations per specimen and 1% or 5% chance of mutation at the ends of the putative circular sequences showed that the proposed method is highly sensitive, with a single nucleotide insertion or deletion being sufficient for circularity to be rejected. False positives comprised only 2% of all observations and possessed significantly lower alignment scores. The size, gene content, and gene arrangement of each mitogenome differed among the species but matched the expectations for their clades. We argue that basic studies on circular sequences can benefit from the results and bioinformatics procedures introduced here, especially when closely related references are lacking.
Condizione occupazionale e dinamiche familiari delle donne immigrate in Italia

Many studies assume all women to be tied movers and on the basis of this assumption often choose to drop all female migrants from the analysis. Even when this decision might have some reasons, geographical movements may have a strong impact on female participation in the labour market. The aim of this work is to analyse the employment condition of immigrant women in Italy. The research questions are: a) if migrant and natives women were identical in their basic characteristics, would the employment opportunities of the former still be worse than those of the latter? b) does this difference change on the basis of family migration dynamics? We use the EU-LFS data set to estimate a set of linear probability models, analysing both job quality and the employment decision. We found that there is a strong penalization in terms of probability of being employed only for tied-movers immigrant women. However, when we analyze whether the quality of job is good, we observe a strong difference between native and migrant women, independently from their family migration dynamics. Also the husband’s occupational position matter. The employment penalty of migrant women is lower when the husband does not work or is in low-quality jobs. Nevertheless, also in this case, migrant women are still penalized in terms of probabilities of getting a good job, whichever the work condition of the husband or partner.
Genetic Diversity of Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) Cultivars as Revealed by RAPD Markers

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic diversity of the peanut accessions using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker and to evaluate RAPD markers to be used in peanut as genetic markers and improve such techniques as suitable strategies for peanut germplasm characterization. Twenty peanut accessions were included in this study and were subjected to RAPD molecular markers analysis. Twenty-seven RAPD primers produced 210 amplification products of which 80 (36.4%) were polymorphic. In conclusion, this study reported a successful fingerprinting of peanut accessions using RAPD markers and demonstrated the usefulness of these markers in estimating the extent of genetic variation in peanut germplasm.
Health care concerns and guidelines for adults with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of mental retardation in North America, yet little information is available on the natural history of DS in adults. We report on significant medical problems of adults with DS (DS adults) residing in a British Columbia provincial residential center, Woodlands, over the 12-year period from 1981 through 1992. Prospective, yearly health care reviews on 38 DS adults are summarized according to age. Group 1 consists of 18 middle-aged DS adults less than 50 years old, and group 2 comprises 20 elderly DS adults 50 years and older. Significant health problems in all DS adults include untreated congenital heart anomalies (15. 8%), acquired cardiac disease (15.8%), pulmonary hypertension (7.8%), recurrent respiratory infections/aspiration leading to chronic pulmonary interstitial changes (30%), complications from presenile dementia/Alzheimer-type disease (42%), adult-onset epilepsy (36.8%), osteoarthritic degeneration of the spine (31.6%), osteoporosis with resultant fractures of the long bones (55%) or vertebral bodies (30%), and untreated atlantooccipital instability (7.9%). Acquired sensory deficits are significant problems including loss of vision due to early onset of adult cataracts (50%), recurrent keratitis (21%) or keratoconus (15.8%), and significant hearing loss (25%). Behavioral problems (50%), loss of cognitive abilities, and onset of symptoms of Alzheimer disease (group 1: 5.5%; group 2: 75%) pose ongoing challenges for care. In conclusion, the quality of life for adults with DS can be improved by routine, systematic health care screening to identify treatable diseases that may be missed because of poor communication or confusion due to Alzheimer disease.
Social Product-Customization Systems: Peer Input, Conformity, and Consumers’ Evaluation of Customized Products

Abstract Many product-customization systems enable consumers to obtain input from their peers during the customization process. The design characteristics of these customization systems vary significantly, and some systems provide consumers with the opportunity to receive peer input only privately (i.e., unobservable to fellow consumers) while others allow consumers to receive peer input publicly (i.e., observable to other consumers). Building on prior research on thinking styles and social impact theory, the current work examines the interplay between user, social network, and system design characteristics in social product-customization systems as drivers of whether consumers conform to input received from others on their customized products and of their evaluation of these products. Evidence from one field study and four experiments shows that consumers with more holistic (vs. analytic) thinking styles make more conforming product modifications when receiving public rather than private peer input, and this greater conformity to peer input boosts (vs. diminishes) consumers’ evaluation of customized products when they feel close (vs. distant) to input providers. These findings offer novel insights into how the design of social product-customization systems affects consumers’ evaluation of customized products.
Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Prebiotics are food ingredients that improve health by modulating the colonic microbiota. The bifidogenic effect of the prebiotic inulin is well established; however, it remains unclear which species of Bifidobacterium are stimulated in vivo and whether bacterial groups other than lactic acid bacteria are affected by inulin consumption. Changes in the faecal microbiota composition were examined by real-time PCR in twelve human volunteers after ingestion of inulin (10 g/d) for a 16-d period in comparison with a control period without any supplement intake. The prevalence of most bacterial groups examined did not change after inulin intake, although the low G+C % Gram-positive species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii exhibited a significant increase (10·3 % for control period v. 14·5 % during inulin intake, P = 0·019). The composition of the genus Bifidobacterium was studied in four of the volunteers by clone library analysis. Between three and five Bifidobacterium spp. were found in each volunteer. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum were present in all volunteers, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium dentium were also detected. Real-time PCR was employed to quantify the four most prevalent Bifidobacterium spp. , B. adolescentis, B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum and B. bifidum, in ten volunteers carrying detectable levels of bifidobacteria. B. adolescentis showed the strongest response to inulin consumption, increasing from 0·89 to 3·9 % of the total microbiota (P = 0·001). B. bifidum was increased from 0·22 to 0·63 % (P < 0·001) for the five volunteers for whom this species was present.
Assessment of nutritional status in the elderly: a proposed function-driven model

Background There is no accepted or standardized definition of ‘malnutrition’. Hence, there is also no definition of what constitutes an adequate nutritional status. In elderly people, assessment of nutritional status is complex and is complicated by multi-morbidity and disabilities combined with nutrition-related problems, such as dysphagia, decreased appetite, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Objective We propose a nutritional status model that presents nutritional status from a comprehensive functional perspective. This model visualizes the complexity of the nutritional status in elderly people. Design and results The presented model could be interpreted as the nutritional status is conditional to a person’s optimal function or situation. Another way of looking at it might be that a person’s nutritional status affects his or her optimal situation. The proposed model includes four domains: (1) physical function and capacity; (2) health and somatic disorders; (3) food and nutrition; and (4) cognitive, affective, and sensory function. Each domain has a major impact on nutritional status, which in turn has a major impact on the outcome of each domain. Conclusions Nutritional status is a multifaceted concept and there exist several knowledge gaps in the diagnosis, prevention, and optimization of treatment of inadequate nutritional status in elderly people. The nutritional status model may be useful in nutritional assessment research, as well as in the clinical setting.
Decomposing Gratitude: Representation and Integration of Cognitive Antecedents of Gratitude in the Brain

Gratitude is a typical social-moral emotion that plays a crucial role in maintaining human cooperative interpersonal relationship. Although neural correlates of gratitude have been investigated, the neurocognitive processes that lead to gratitude, namely, the representation and integration of its cognitive antecedents, remain largely unknown. Here, we combined fMRI and a human social interactive task to investigate how benefactor's cost and beneficiary's benefit, two critical antecedents of gratitude, are encoded and integrated in beneficiary's brain, and how the neural processing of gratitude is converted to reciprocity. A coplayer decided whether to help a human participant (either male or female) avoid pain at his/her own monetary cost; the participants could transfer monetary points to the benefactor with the knowledge that the benefactor was unaware of this transfer. By independently manipulating monetary cost and the degree of pain reduction, we could identify the neural signatures of benefactor's cost and recipient's benefit and examine how they were integrated. Recipient's self-benefit was encoded in reward-sensitive regions (e.g., ventral striatum), whereas benefactor-cost was encoded in regions associated with mentalizing (e.g., temporoparietal junction). Gratitude was represented in perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), the strength of which correlated with trait gratitude. Dynamic causal modeling showed that the neural signals representing benefactor-cost and self-benefit passed to pgACC via effective connectivities, suggesting an integrative role of pgACC in generating gratitude. Moreover, gyral ACC plays an intermediary role in converting gratitude representation into reciprocal behaviors. Our findings provide a neural mechanistic account of gratitude and its role in social-moral life. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Gratitude plays an integral role in subjective well-being and harmonious interpersonal relationships. However, the neurocognitive processes through which various components and antecedents of gratitude are integrated remain largely unknown. We developed a new interpersonal paradigm to independently and parametrically manipulate two antecedents of gratitude in a helping context, namely, the benefit to beneficiary and the cost to benefactor, to examine their representation and integration in the beneficiary's brain using fMRI. We found the neural encoding of self-benefit and benefactor-cost in reward- and mentalizing-related brain areas, respectively. More importantly, by examining effective connectivity, we showed that these componential signals are passed to perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, which tracks trial-by-trial gratitude levels. Our study thus provides a neural mechanistic account of gratitude.