Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-Positive CNS Precursors Generate Both Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells to Remyelinate the CNS after Transplantation

Transplantation offers a means of identifying the differentiation and myelination potential of early neural precursors, features relevant to myelin regeneration in demyelinating diseases. In the postnatal rat brain, precursor cells expressing the polysialylated (PSA) form of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM have been shown to generate mostly oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in vitro (Ben-Hur et al., 1998). Immunoselected PSA-NCAM+ newborn rat CNS precursors were expanded as clusters with FGF2 and grafted into a focal demyelinating lesion in adult rat spinal cord. We show that these neural precursors can completely remyelinate such CNS lesions. While PSA-NCAM+ precursor clusters contain rare P75+ putative neural crest precursors, they do not generate Schwann cells in vitro even in the presence of glial growth factor. Yet they generate oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and Schwann cells in vivo when confronted with demyelinated axons in a glia-free area. We confirmed the transplant origin of these Schwann cells using Y chromosome in situhybridization and immunostaining for the peripheral myelin protein P0 of tissue from female rats that had been grafted with male cell clusters. The number and distribution of Schwann cells within remyelinated tissue, and the absence of P0 mRNAs in donor cells, indicated that Schwann cells were generated by expansion and differentiation of transplanted PSA-NCAM+ neural precursors and were not derived from contaminating Schwann cells. Thus, transplantation into demyelinated CNS tissue reveals an unexpected differentiation potential of a neural precursor, resulting in remyelination of CNS axons by PNS and CNS myelin-forming cells.
Feeling European: an exploration of ethnic disparities among immigrants

ABSTRACT Over the last 20 years, European identity has become a key topic widely investigated in social sciences. However, most research has only focused on EU nationals and EU immigrants, neglecting the fact that a substantial segment of citizens in Europe are non-EU immigrants. This article explores the differences between and within EU and non-EU immigrant groups in terms of European identity and potential factors behind these differences. Based on the 2013 IAB-SOEP Migration Sample of first generation immigrants in Germany (N = 2581), this paper reveals that non-EU immigrants tend to identify as European – even if to a lesser extent than EU immigrants. Moreover it provides a systematic comparative exploration of different factors possibly able to foster a European identity among EU and non-EU immigrants. It reveals, for instance, that religious affiliation has no significant impact but that spatial mobility is especially important in accounting for patterns in ethnic disparities in the endorsement of a European identity. Furthermore, this article illuminates a positive association between European identity and identity with the receiving society among both EU and non-EU immigrants as well as a positive association between European identity and identification with the origin country among EU immigrants.
Quality Metrics in High-Dimensional Data Visualization: An Overview and Systematization

In this paper, we present a systematization of techniques that use quality metrics to help in the visual exploration of meaningful patterns in high-dimensional data. In a number of recent papers, different quality metrics are proposed to automate the demanding search through large spaces of alternative visualizations (e.g., alternative projections or ordering), allowing the user to concentrate on the most promising visualizations suggested by the quality metrics. Over the last decade, this approach has witnessed a remarkable development but few reflections exist on how these methods are related to each other and how the approach can be developed further. For this purpose, we provide an overview of approaches that use quality metrics in high-dimensional data visualization and propose a systematization based on a thorough literature review. We carefully analyze the papers and derive a set of factors for discriminating the quality metrics, visualization techniques, and the process itself. The process is described through a reworked version of the well-known information visualization pipeline. We demonstrate the usefulness of our model by applying it to several existing approaches that use quality metrics, and we provide reflections on implications of our model for future research.
Variable Hypocoagulant Effect of Fish Oil Intake in Humans: Modulation of Fibrinogen Level and Thrombin Generation

Objective—The beneficial effect of dietary fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on cardiovascular disease is multifactorial and may partly rely on their anticoagulant action. We studied how fish oil intake influenced thrombin generation in plasma and which factors were involved herein. Methods and Results—Twenty-five healthy males with borderline overweight received 3.0 g omega-3 PUFAs daily for 4 weeks. Fish oil intake reduced plasma triglycerides and lowered platelet integrin activation, as well as plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor V, but had no effect on vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Before fish oil intake, thrombin generation (reflecting the coagulant potential) considerably varied between plasmas from individual subjects, which were partly explained by variation in prothrombin, antithrombin, fibrinogen, and factor V levels. Fish oil intake reduced thrombin generation in the presence and absence of platelets. This reduction correlated with the fish oil effect on fibrinogen and factor V levels. Interestingly, the lowering effect of fish oil on thrombin generation and fibrinogen clustered around subjects with high fibrinogen carrying a structural fibrinogen α-chain polymorphism. Conclusions—Dietary omega-3 PUFAs provoke a hypocoagulant, vitamin K-independent effect in humans, the degree of which may depend on fibrinogen level.
AUDITORY REACTION TIME IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS

Reaction is purposeful voluntary response to different stimuli as visual or auditory stimuli. Auditory reaction time is time required to response to auditory stimuli. Quickness of response is very important in games like basketball. This study was conducted to compare auditory reaction time of basketball players and healthy controls. The auditory reaction time was measured by the reaction time instrument in healthy controls and basketball players. Simple re action time and choice reaction time measured. During the r eaction time t esting, auditory stimuli were given for three times and minimum reaction time was taken as the final reaction time for that sensory modality of that subject. The results wer e stati stically analyzed and were recorded as mean + standard deviation and student ’s unpaired t - test was applied to check the level of significance. The study shows that basketball players have shorter reaction time than healthy controls. As reaction time gives the information how fast a person gives a response to sensory stimuli, it is a good indicator of performance in reactive sports like basketball. Sportsman should be trained to improve their reaction time to improve their performance.
How should we do the history of Big Data?

Taking its lead from Ian Hacking’s article ‘How should we do the history of statistics? ’, this article reflects on how we might develop a sociologically informed history of Big Data. It argues that within the history of social statistics we have a relatively well developed history of the material phenomenon of Big Data. Yet this article argues that we now need to take the concept of ‘Big Data’ seriously, there is a pressing need to explore the type of work that is being done by that concept. The article suggests a programme for work that explores the emergence of the concept of Big Data so as to track the institutional, organisational, political and everyday adoption of this term. It argues that the term Big Data has the effect of making-up data and, as such, is powerful in framing our understanding of those data and the possibilities that they afford.
Motility of the ileocolonic junction.

Located between two ecologically and physiologically distinct segments of gut, the ileocolonic junction determines how intestinal contents move between the two. The region presumably contributes to gut homeostasis by optimising retention of chyme in the small intestine until digestion is largely complete; ileal contents should then be programmed to empty into the large bowel in a manner which does not compromise the colon's capacity to absorb. ' Conversely, to safeguard the small intestine from the deleterious effects of bacterial overgrowth, reflux of colonic contents should be minimised. Certain anatomical characteristics and physiological properties which facilitate these functions have been identified. The relative contributions of a mechanical 'valve', a physiological sphincter, however, or integrated motor patterns in the distal ileum and proximal colon are still uncertain.
Depressão Pós-Parto Materna: Crenças, Práticas de Cuidado e Estimulação de Bebês no Primeiro Ano de Vida

Apos o nascimento a mediacao da interacao do recem-nascido com o mundo e facilitada pela mae, estudos indicam que maes deprimidas podem interagir pouco com seu bebe, gerando deficits comportamentais e cognitivos ao longo do desenvolvimento. Este estudo pretendeu descrever e relacionar o indice de depressao pos-parto apresentado por maes de bebes e as praticas e crencas sobre cuidado primario e estimulacao. Foi utilizada a “Escala de Edinburgh de Depressao Pos-Parto – EPDS e a “Escala de crencas parentais e praticas de cuidado (E-CPPC) na primeira infância”. Os resultados obtidos com 132 maes indicaram sintomas de depressao para 29,5% da amostra. Com relacao as praticas houve diferencas significativas entre os grupos clinicos e nao clinicos na dimensao Estimulacao, indicando que maes deprimidas podem interagir e estimular menos seus bebes. Desta forma tem-se ai um grupo de risco em que a diade deve ser cuidada em busca de um desenvolvimento adequado.
High dose of dexmedetomidine was useful for general anesthesia and post‐operative analgesia in a patient with postpolio syndrome

Sir, Management based on the Lund concept has been claimed to improve the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) (1–3). Founded on the principles of aggressive reduction of brain oedema, the advantage of this modality of therapy lies in avoiding the need for high cerebral perfusion pressures. One of the components the Lund protocol is to use liberal amounts of albumin to maximize colloid osmotic pressure and to decrease the formation of brain oedema. A recent study reported increased mortality in patients of TBI resuscitated with albumin (4). These results contradict the Lund concept of managing TBI. In this study, the patients who were randomized to albumin group also received more units of packed red cells as compared with the saline group, which remains significant even at the end of fourth day. Is it possible that the multiple units of blood transfusion rather than albumin per se led to organ failure and poor outcome? In other words, albumin may not have had any adverse effect on the intracranial or extracranial dynamics that would have led to increased mortality, which persisted at the end of 24 months. Inability to find a cause–effect relationship between albumin administration and increased mortality in the above study also lends support to this suspicion. Given the above contradictory information, would the proponents of the Lund concept continue to use albumin for aggressive control of brain oedema in TBI?
Effects of CCR2 and CCR5 Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Infection in Thai Females

Polymorphisms in CCR2 and CCR5 genes reportedly affect HIV-1 transmission and disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. In the study presented here, we examined the effects of CCR2 and CCR5 polymorphisms on HIV-1 transmission in 74 Thai females who were exposed to HIV but seronegative (ESN) and in 347 HIV-seropositive females. We found that the combination of 2 nonsynonymous substitutions, CCR2 V64I and CCR5 G316A, tended to occur more frequently in ESN females (2 of 74) than in HIV-1-infected females (1 of 347) (P = 0.08). This suggested that nonsynonymous substitution in the CCR5 gene also affects HIV-1 transmission in an Asian population in which the CCR5-Δ32 is very rare.
Can online contacts between immigrants and veterans facilitate immigrants’ social integration?

The current study analyzes whether cross-cultural communication through online social platforms between immigrants from the Former Soviet Union and different sectors of veteran Israelis reduces social distances and facilitates immigrants’ integration. The research was conducted through an online survey of 296 Former Soviet Union immigrants who use social media sites in Hebrew. The findings show a positive impact of online contacts, only on social distances toward groups with very different cultures from Former Soviet Union immigrants: Arabs and ultra-orthodox Jews. Online contacts were found not to have a positive impact on social distances between immigrants and veteran Israelis from the dominant culture. In other words, online contact was not found to contribute to the social integration of Former Soviet Union immigrants, but the social media were found to have the potential to narrow cleavages in Israeli society by reducing stigmas and alienation.
Regulation of epithelial cell polarity by PAR-3 depends on Girdin transcription and Girdin–Gαi3 signaling

ABSTRACT Epithelial apicobasal polarity has fundamental roles in epithelial physiology and morphogenesis. The PAR complex, comprising PAR-3, PAR-6 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), is involved in determining cell polarity in various biological contexts, including in epithelial cells. However, it is not fully understood how the PAR complex induces apicobasal polarity. In this study, we found that PAR-3 regulates the protein expression of Girdin (also known as GIV or CCDC88A), a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) for heterotrimeric Gαi subunits, at the transcriptional level by cooperating with the AP-2 transcription factor. In addition, we confirmed that PAR-3 physically interacts with Girdin, and show that Girdin, together with the Gαi3 (also known as GNAI3), controls tight junction formation, apical domain development and actin organization downstream of PAR-3. Taken together, our findings suggest that transcriptional upregulation of Girdin expression and Girdin–Gαi3 signaling play crucial roles in regulating epithelial apicobasal polarity through the PAR complex. Highlighted Article: Transcriptional upregulation of Girdin expression and Girdin–Gαi3 signaling play crucial roles in regulating epithelial apicobasal polarity through the PAR complex.
Punctured vs Rateless Codes for Hybrid ARQ

Two incremental redundancy hybrid ARQ (IR-HARQ) schemes are compared: one is based on LDPC code ensembles with random transmission assignments, the other is based on recently introduced Raptor codes. A number of important issues, such as rate and power control, and error rate performance after each transmission on time varying binary-input, symmetric-output channels are addressed by analyzing performance of LDPC and Raptor codes on parallel channels. The theoretical results obtained for random code ensembles are tested on several practical code examples by simulation. Both theoretical and simulation results show that both LDPC and Raptor codes are suitable for HARQ schemes. Which codes would make a better choice depends mainly on the width of the signal-to-noise operating range of the HARQ scheme, prior knowledge of that range, and other design parameters and constraints dictated by standards.
The Not-so-gentle Makassarese Fan Dance: Misperformance Challenging Indonesian-Australian Transnational Femininity

ABSTRACT In the hands of a group of Indonesian female dancers in Perth, Western Australia, a gentle sea breeze or Angin Maimiri was recreated through the use of swaying fans. The Indonesian women's own newly choreographed dance or tari kreasi is based on the Makassarese traditional song of the same name from South Sulawesi. The women had intended to perform the dance in a ‘feminine’ manner with soft graceful movements. Yet, as illustrated in the ethnographic account of mistakes and misinterpretations that happened at the performance, as well as purposeful adaptations by the dancers, ideals of femininity are not simply transferred in a transnational context; they become inadvertently challenged. Angin Mamiri, as danced in an ‘un-feminine’ manner by an Indonesian housewife hobby group, is illustrative of who they are as marriage migrants and their often marginalised position in their diasporic community. This article is inspired by misperformance ethnography [Prendergast 2014, “Misperformance Ethnography. ” Applied Theatre Research 2 (1): 77–90] of what is revealed about ideals held by those involved in a performance when mistakes and misinterpretations happen. Using an anthropology of performance approach thus provides a novel analysis at the intersection of migration and gender studies of how gender ideals such as femininity can be challenged through dance performance in a transnational context.
Some exact multipseudoparticle solutions of classical Yang--Mills theory

I present some exact solutions of the Polyakov--Belavin--Schwartz--Tyupkin equation F/sub . mu nu. / =F/sub . mu. //sub . nu. / for an SU(2) gauge theory in Euclidean space. My solutions describe a system with an arbitrary number of pseudoparticles, with arbitrary scale parameters and arbitrary separations, arranged along a line. The action for an n-pseudoparticle solution is precisely n times the action for a single pseudoparticle. (AIP)
Structure and Function Relationship of Activated Retinal Glia in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients

Purpose To evaluate clinically activated retinal astrocytes and Müller cells (ARAM) regarding retinal sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Central visual field (VF; i.e., retinal sensitivity) was measured with a custom-made macular pattern by microperimetry and correlated with the presence (ARAM+) or absence (ARAM−) of ARAM on red-free fundus photography and with the corresponding RNFL by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results In the eyes of POAG patients, ARAM+ had overall a significantly lower retinal sensitivity (ARAM+: 7.34 dB, ARAM−: 11.9 dB; p < 0.001) and lower RNFL thickness in the inferior peripapillary quadrants compared to ARAM− (RNFL superior: ARAM+ 74.2 μm, ARAM− 77.5 μm; RNFL temporal: ARAM+ 46.8 μm, ARAM− 53.0 μm, p < 0.001; and RNFL inferior: ARAM+ 63.2 μm, ARAM− 73.1 μm, p < 0.001). Within the same eye, ARAM+ showed a lower retinal sensitivity compared to ARAM− ([ARAM− (11.13 dB)] − [ARAM+ (9.56 dB) = 1.57 dB; p = 0.25). The proportion of ARAM+ per eye correlated strongly with reduced retinal light sensitivity (p = 0.02), corresponding lower peripapillary RNFL thickness (p = 0.02), and lower RNFL temporal quadrant thickness (p < 0.01), but not with greater age (p = 0.45). Conclusion ARAM was more frequently identified in the eyes with a lower retinal sensitivity and peripapillary RNFL thickness and may be a clinical sign in the macula for an advanced stage of POAG.
The prevalence of tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia The Curacao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study: I.

A prevalence study of extrapyramidal syndromes was conducted among all psychiatric inpatients of the Netherlands Antilles (n = 194; mean age 53.1). The Netherlands Antilles are very suitable for epidemiological research as it is a well-defined catchment area with only one psychiatric hospital and a health care system based on western principles. In this mainly chronic population, the prevalence was measured of tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia using respectively the Fahn-Marsden rating scale, the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. The prevalence numbers were for tardive dystonia 13.4%, tardive dyskinesia 39.7%, parkinsonism 36.1%, akathisia 9.3% and pseudoakathisia 12.9%. The most important conclusions were: (1) The prevalence of tardive dystonia was higher than reported in most other studies and (2) extrapyramidal syndromes are very common in this predominantly Negroid population, with three out of four patients suffering of one or more extrapyramidal syndromes.
Synthesis of Finite-state and Definable Winning Strategies

Church's Problem asks for the construction of a procedure which, given a logical specification $\varphi$ on sequence pairs, realizes for any input sequence $I$ an output sequence $O$ such that $(I,O)$ satisfies $\varphi$. McNaughton reduced Church's Problem to a problem about two-player$\omega$-games. B\"uchi and Landweber gave a solution for Monadic Second-Order Logic of Order ($\MLO$) specifications in terms of finite-state strategies. We consider two natural generalizations of the Church problem to countable ordinals: the first deals with finite-state strategies; the second deals with $\MLO$-definable strategies. We investigate games of arbitrary countable length and prove the computability of these generalizations of Church's problem.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease: From the Perspectives of Children and Parents

Aim. To examine how celiac children and adolescents on gluten-free diet valued their health-related quality of life, and if age and severity of the disease at onset affected the children's self-valuation later in life. We also assessed the parents' valuation of their child's quality of life. Methods. The DISABKIDS Chronic generic measure, short versions for both children and parents, was used on 160 families with celiac disease. A paediatric gastroenterologist classified manifestations of the disease at onset retrospectively. Results. Age or sex did not influence the outcome. Children diagnosed before the age of five scored higher than children diagnosed later. Children diagnosed more than eight years ago scored higher than more recently diagnosed children, and children who had the classical symptoms of the disease at onset scored higher than those who had atypical symptoms or were asymptomatic. The parents valuated their children's quality of life as lower than the children did. Conclusion. Health-related quality of life in treated celiac children and adolescents was influenced by age at diagnosis, disease severity at onset, and years on gluten-free diet. The disagreement between child-parent valuations highlights the importance of letting the children themselves be heard about their perceived quality of life.