Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social defeat stress induces hyperthermia through activation of thermoregulatory sympathetic premotor neurons in the medullary raphe region

Psychological stress‐induced hyperthermia is a fundamental autonomic response in mammals. However, the central circuitry underlying this stress response is poorly understood. Here, we sought to identify sympathetic premotor neurons that mediate a hyperthermic response to social defeat stress, a psychological stress model. Intruder rats that were defeated by a dominant resident conspecific exhibited a rapid increase in abdominal temperature by up to 2.0 °C. In these defeated rats, we found that expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was increased in the rostral medullary raphe region centered in the rostral raphe pallidus and adjacent raphe magnus nuclei. In this region, Fos expression was observed in a large population of neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), which are known as sympathetic premotor neurons controlling non‐shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and thermoregulatory constriction of skin blood vessels, and also in a small population of tryptophan hydroxylase‐positive serotonergic neurons. Intraperitoneal injection of diazepam, an anxiolytic agent, but not indomethacin, an antipyretic, significantly reduced both the stress‐induced hyperthermia and Fos expression in these medullary raphe neuronal populations. Systemic blockade of β3‐adrenoreceptors, which are abundantly expressed in BAT, also attenuated the stress‐induced hyperthermia. These results suggest that psychological stress signals activate VGLUT3‐expressing medullary raphe sympathetic premotor neurons, which then drive hyperthermic effector responses including BAT thermogenesis through β3‐adrenoreceptors.
A Theory of Pareto Distributions

A strong empirical regularity is that firm size and top incomes follow a Pareto distribution. A large literature explains this regularity by appealing to the distribution of primitives, or by using dynamic “random growth” models. In contrast, I demonstrate that Pareto distributions can arise from production functions in static assignment models with complementarities, such as Garicano’s (2000) knowledgebased production hierarchies model. Under very limited assumptions on the distribution of agents’ abilities, these models generate Pareto distributions for the span of control of CEOs and intermediary managers, and Zipf’s law for firm size. I confirm this prediction using French matched employer-employee administrative data. This novel justification of Pareto distributions sheds new light on why firm size and labor income are so heterogeneous despite small observable dierences. In the model, Pareto distributions are the benchmark distributions that arise in the case of perfect homogeneity, while heterogeneity in primitives should be inferred from deviations from Pareto distributions.
Exposure to Mobile Phone-Emitted Electromagnetic Fields and Human Attention: No Evidence of a Causal Relationship

In the past 20 years of research regarding effects of mobile phone-derived electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human cognition, attention has been one of the first and most extensively investigated functions. Different domains investigated covered selective, sustained, and divided attention. Here, the most relevant studies on this topic have been reviewed and discussed. A total of 43 studies are reported and summarized: of these, 31 indicated a total absence of statistically significant difference between real and sham signal, 9 showed a partial improvement of attentional performance (mainly increase in speed of performance and/or improvement of accuracy) as a function of real exposure, while the remaining 3 showed inconsistent results (i.e., increased speed in some tasks and slowing in others) or even a worsening in performance (reduced speed and/or deteriorated accuracy). These results are independent of the specific attentional domain investigated. This scenario allows to conclude that there is a substantial lack of evidence about a negative influence of non-ionizing radiations on attention functioning. Nonetheless, published literature is very heterogeneous under the point of view of methodology (type of signal, exposure time, blinding), dosimetry (accurate evaluation of specific absorption rate-SAR or emitted power), and statistical analyses, making arduous a conclusive generalization to everyday life. Some remarks and suggestions regarding future research are proposed.
On the deformation of the twinned domain in Niti shape memory alloys

Abstract Owing to its importance in understanding the mechanical and thermomechanical behaviours of shape memory alloys (SMAS). the deformation mechanism of martensitic twins has been of continuous research interest. Several deformation steps have been distinguished in accordance with the stress–strain curves, and some explanations have been proposed on the basis of microstructural studies. However, various experimental observations have suggested that a complete understanding of the macroscopic deformation behaviour of the twinned martensitic Niti SMAs from a microscopic scale is yet to be established. The present research aims at providing a further insight into the microstructural variations under tension within each deformation stages and trying to correlate these changes to the observed mechanical behaviour. As a result, the understanding of the deformation behaviour of Niti martensite under tension is refined.
Patterns of Change in Interpersonal Problems During and After Short-term and Long-term Psychodynamic Group Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Objective: In this study, we compared the patterns of change in interpersonal problems between short-term and long-term psychodynamic group therapy. Method: A total of 167 outpatients with mixed diagnoses were randomized to 20 or 80 weekly sessions of group therapy. Interpersonal problems were assessed with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at six time points during the 3-year study period. Using linear mixed models, change was linearly modelled in two steps. Earlier (within the first 6 months) and later (during the last 2.5 years) changes in five subscales were estimated. Results and conclusion: Contrary to what we expected, short-term therapy induced a significantly larger early change than long-term therapy on the cold subscale and there was a trend on the socially avoidant subscale, using a Bonferroni-adjusted alpha. There was no significant difference between short-term and long-term group therapy for improving problems in the areas cold, socially avoidant, nonassertive, exploitable, and overly nurturant over the 3 years.
How psychosocial outcomes impact on the self-reported health status in type 2 diabetes patients: Findings from the Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) study in eastern China

Introduction The deleterious effects of psychosocial outcomes on diabetic patients’ health have not been fully investigated yet. This study was aimed to explore how psychosocial outcomes impacted on the health status of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A mix of stratified sampling and typical sampling were used to select diabetic patients in Jiangsu Province to conduct individual interviews. Health status was measured by EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychosocial outcomes were measured by instruments used in the Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs survey, including psychological well-being, diabetes distress, patient empowerment, self-management, and patient reported healthcare provision. Clinical characteristics measured included diabetes comorbidities, complications and treatment. OLS regression analyses were used to estimate how health status varied with different characteristics. Results Altogether 1614 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 18–65 years from 6 districts/counties in Jiangsu Province were included in the study. With general characteristics and clinical factors controlled for, psychological well-being among all psychosocial outcomes had the most significant association with health status, with a difference of 9.2 in VAS scores between likely depression and good well-being. VAS scores were also significantly lower in patients with high diabetes distress and significantly higher in those more frequently conducting physical activities. Other psychosocial outcomes were not significantly associated with health status. Conclusions Likely depression and diabetes-related distress are negatively associated with health status while frequently conducting physical activities are positively associated with health status of type 2 diabetes patients aged 18–65 years from 6 districts/counties in Jiangsu Provinces. These findings underscore the necessity of undertaking routine assessment for depression and diabetes distress and prioritizing interventions on promoting regular physical activities in diabetic patients to improve health management and achieve better health outcomes.
Predictors of postoperative infectious complications in liver transplant recipients: experience of 185 consecutive cases

Background/Aims Infections following liver transplant (LT) remain a major cause of mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for infection and to review clinical characteristics. Methods Medical records of patients who underwent LT from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors of infection. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to predict prognosis of infected and non-infected groups. Results Of 185 recipients, 89 patients experienced infectious complications. The median follow-up period was 911 days (range, 9 to 2,031). The infected group had higher 1-year mortality (n = 22 [24.7%] vs. n = 8, [8.3%], p = 0.002), and longer postoperative admission days (mean: 53.7 ± 35.8 days vs. 28.3 ± 13.0 days, p < 0.001), compared to the non-infected group. High preoperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (odds ratio [OR], 1.057; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010 to 1.105; p = 0.016), deceased-donor type (OR, 5.475; 95% CI, 2.442 to 12.279; p < 0.001), and acute rejection (OR, 3.042; 95% CI, 1.241 to 7.454; p = 0.015) were independent risk factors associated with infection. Intra-abdominal infection (n = 35, 20.8%) was the major infectious complication. Among identified bacteria, Enterococcus species (28.4%) were major pathogens, followed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Conclusions High preoperative MELD score, deceased-donor type, and acute rejection were risk factors associated with infection. To prevent infections following surgery, it is important to determine the appropriate time of operation before the recipient has a high MELD score.
Effects of Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Developing Zebrafish Are Indicative of Disruption of Oxidative Phosphorylation

Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been detected in humans and wildlife. Using in vitro models, we recently showed that OH-PBDEs disrupt oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), an essential process in energy metabolism. The goal of the current study was to determine the in vivo effects of OH-PBDE reported in marine wildlife. To this end, we exposed zebrafish larvae to 17 OH-PBDEs from fertilisation to 6 days of age, and determined developmental toxicity as well as OXPHOS disruption potential with a newly developed assay of oxygen consumption in living embryos. We show here that all OH-PBDEs tested, both individually and as mixtures, resulted in a concentration-dependant delay in development in zebrafish embryos. The most potent substances were 6-OH-BDE47 and 6′-OH-BDE49 (No-Effect-Concentration: 0.1 and 0.05 µM). The first 24 h of development were the most sensitive, resulting in significant and irreversible developmental delay. All substances increased oxygen consumption, an effect indicative of OXPHOS disruption. Our results suggest that the induced developmental delay may be caused by disruption of OXPHOS. Though further studies are needed, our findings suggest that the environmental concentrations of some OH-PBDEs found in Baltic Sea wildlife in the Baltic Sea may be of toxicological concern.
Title Id 1 interacts and stabilizes the Epstein-Barr virus latentmembrane protein 1 ( LMP 1 ) in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells

The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) functions as a constitutive active form of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and activates multiple downstream signaling pathways similar to CD40 signaling in a ligand-independent manner. LMP1 expression in EBV-infected cells has been postulated to play an important role in pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, variable levels of LMP1 expression were detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. At present, the regulation of LMP1 levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is poorly understood. Here we show that LMP1 mRNAs are transcribed in an EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line (C666-1) and other EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells stably re-infected with EBV. The protein levels of LMP1 could readily be detected after incubation with proteasome inhibitor, MG132 suggesting that LMP1 protein is rapidly degraded via proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Interestingly, we observed that Id1 overexpression could stabilize LMP1 protein in EBV-infected cells. In contrary, Id1 knockdown significantly reduced LMP1 levels in cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Id1 interacts with LMP1 by binding to the CTAR1 domain of LMP1. N-terminal region of Id1 is required for the interaction with LMP1. Furthermore, binding of Id1 to LMP1 suppressed polyubiquitination of LMP1 and may be involved in stabilization of LMP1 in EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Citation: Hau PM, Tsang CM, Yip YL, Huen MSY, Tsao SW (2011) Id1 Interacts and Stabilizes the Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) in Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21176. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0021176 Editor: Maria G. Masucci, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden Received December 10, 2010; Accepted May 22, 2011; Published June 20, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Hau et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the Hong Kong General Research Fund, grant number HKU 7770/07M; the AoE NPC, grant number AoE/M-06/08; The University of Hong Kong CRCG Grant; and the CRCG Grant, grant number: 200807176131. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: gswtsao@ hkucc.hku. hk
Weekly versus three weeks chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis

Aim Three weeks paclitaxel and carboplatin has been considered the standard of care for primary treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). Whether weekly therapy will further improve the clinical outcomes or not is still unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the two regimens. Method Articles were selected with a systematic approach, using PubMed databases. Trials concerning comparison between carboplatin plus weekly paclitaxel (dose-dense regimen) and carboplatin plus paclitaxel every 3 weeks were considered. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and severe acute toxicity. Results Dose-dense regimen was associated with significant improvement of PFS compared with standard schedule, with HR of 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.88, p = 0.001). There was no difference in OS between treatment regimens (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.77-1.16, p=0.06), as well as in term of severe acute toxicity. Conclusion Dose-dense regimen is superior to standard schedule in terms of PFS. Further studies are necessary to firmly confirm this evidence in advanced OC treatment.
A meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies with diacerein in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND This systematic meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials with diacerein was performed to provide an evidence-based assessment of its symptomatic efficacy in the treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials with diacerein. A manual review of the literature, abstracts, and posters was also conducted. Unpublished final reports were obtained from the manufacturer. Only studies performed in knee and/or hip osteoarthritis were chosen for review. Study inclusion, quality scoring, and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Objectives for analysis comprised pain, function, escape medication use, global efficacy, and safety ratings by patients and investigators. Specific study periods, such as the active treatment period and the treatment-free follow-up period (when present), were analyzed. Statistical analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle as far as possible, and acknowledged tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were identified, 19 of which were included. Diacerein was significantly superior to placebo during the active treatment phase (Glass score, 1.50 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-2.20]). Both diacerein and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were similarly efficacious during the treatment period; however, diacerein, but not NSAIDs, showed a carryover effect, persisting up to 3 months after treatment, with a significant analgesic-sparing effect during the follow-up period (Glass score, 2.06 [95% confidence interval, 0.66-3.46]). Tolerability assessment revealed no differences between diacerein and NSAIDs, although the latter showed more severe events. CONCLUSION This systematic meta-analysis provides evidence for the symptomatic efficacy of diacerein in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis, with reasonable tolerability.
Correlation between MBL2/CD14/TNF-α gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis in Chinese population

Objective: The present study investigated the clinical significance of mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms in patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese population. Methods: A total of 240 patients with spinal TB were enrolled in the present study from May 2013 to August 2016 at Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. A total of 150 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of all subjects, and the MBL2, CD14 and TNF-α gene polymorphisms were detected by direct DNA sequencing. Results: (1) Compared with controls, patients with spinal TB exhibited a significantly higher frequency of the XY genotype at the −221G>C polymorphism as well as the Q allele and PQ genotype or an association with the QQ genotype at the +4C>T polymorphism in the MBL2 gene. (2) Compared with controls, patients with spinal TB exhibited a significantly higher frequency of the T allele and TT genotype or an association with the CT genotype at the −159C>T polymorphism in the CD14 gene. (3) Compared with controls, patients with spinal TB exhibited a significantly higher frequency of the T allele and the CT genotype or an association with the TT genotype at the TNF-857 polymorphism in the TNF-α gene. Conclusion: The −221G>C polymorphism of MBL2, the −159C>T polymorphism of CD14 and the TNF-857 polymorphism of TNF-α are risk factors for spinal TB and may be involved in the development of spinal TB in the Chinese population. These factors are indicators of susceptibility to spinal TB and require clinical attention.
Radiographic measurements of the hindlimbs in crab‐eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766)

Life expectancy of crab‐eating foxes in captivity is approximately 11 years, which favours the development of diseases including orthopaedic disorders. However, to understand disorders that may affect these animals, it is worth determining a normal range of measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate radiographic measurements of joint angles of the hindlimbs and the ratio of patellar ligament length to patellar length in healthy crab‐eating foxes. Fifteen captive crab‐eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), eight males and seven females, aged more than 1 year old, weighing 5.5–7.9 kg were used. Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles were assessed in ventrodorsal radiographic views, and mediolateral views were taken to measure patellar ligament length and patellar length, and the tibial plateau angle. The right and left hindlimbs were evaluated. All measurements were conducted in triplicate by the same investigator. No statistically significant differences were observed between sides in the radiographic measurements. The anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle and the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle recorded mean values of 95.43° and 92.75°, respectively. The mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle and the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle recorded mean values of 93.39° and 96.75°, respectively. Inclination angles measured according to the Tomlinson, Hauptman A and Hauptman B methods were 133.80°, 147.32° and 128.63°, respectively. The tibial plateau recorded 18.77°, and the ratio of the patellar ligament length to the patellar length was 1.99. In conclusion, the collected data are important to characterize the normal values of crab‐eating fox limbs.
Geographic Distribution and Temporal Trends of HIV-1 Subtypes through Heterosexual Transmission in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Heterosexual transmission (HST) has become the current predominant transmission pathways of the HIV-1 epidemic in China. The aim of this study was to explore the geographic and dynamic change of HIV-1 subtypes through HST in China from published studies. Methods: Several electronic databases were searched to identify the studies, and the overall prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes was estimated by a meta-analysis method. Subgroup analysis was conducted by study region and time period. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. The χ2 test was used to evaluate the proportion differences among subgroups. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the stability of the overall prevalence estimates. Results: 42 studies were included in our final analysis. The overall prevalence of CRF01_AE was 46.34% (95% CI: 40.56–52.17%), CRF07_BC was 19.16% (95% CI: 15.02–23.66%), B/B’ was 13.25% (95% CI: 9.68–17.25%), CRF08_BC was 10.61% (95% CI: 7.08–14.70%), and C was 4.29% (95% CI: 1.85–7.48%). In subgroup analysis, the prevalence of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC increased, while the prevalence of B/B’ decreased over time, whereby the prevalence of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC have exceeded that of B/B’ since 2010. A significant higher prevalence of CRF01_AE was found in the South provinces, CRF07_BC in East provinces, CRF08_BC and C in Southwest provinces, and B/B’ in North provinces. Conclusions: The HIV-1 prevalent strains have evolved into complicated and diverse subtypes, and the proportion of HIV-1 subtypes through HST has changed constantly in different regions and periods in China. This highlights the urgent need to vigorously strengthen the prevention and control of the HIV-1 epidemic.