Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual or Friendly? Associations About Women, Men, and Self

Using explicit, self-report measures, past research has found that heterosexual men, relative to heterosexual women, often attribute more sexuality to women's behaviors. In the present studies, the Implicit Association Test was used to determine if these findings held at the automatic processing level. The results of Study 1 were consistent with past research: Men, compared to women, had more sexual and less friendly automatic associations with the concept of women. Gender differences, however, were not observed in associations with the concept of self or men. Study 2 investigated how exposure to a dating context affected these associations. Associations about the self became more sexualized after reading about a first date, regardless of the participants' gender. However, for opposite-sex others, men's associations became less sexualized whereas women's associations became more sexualized. Collectively, these studies shed light on chronic and temporarily activated automatic processes relevant to sexual perception and contexts in which women are oversexualized.
Validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWA (HASI-P)

Abstract This article describes the development and testing of a quantitative measure of HIV/AIDS stigma as experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS. This instrument is designed to measure perceived stigma, create a baseline from which to measure changes in stigma over time, and track potential progress towards reducing stigma. It was developed in three phases from 2003–2006: generating items based on results of focus group discussions; pilot testing and reducing the original list of items; and validating the instrument. Data for all phases were collected from five African countries: Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland and Tanzania. The instrument was validated with a sample of 1,477 persons living with HIV/AIDS from all of the five countries. The sample had a mean age of 36.1 years and 74.1% was female. The participants reported they knew they were HIV positive for an average of 3.4 years and 46% of the sample was taking antiretroviral medications. A six factor solution with 33 items explained 60.72% of the variance. Scale alpha reliabilities were examined and items that did not contribute to scale reliability were dropped. The factors included: Verbal Abuse (8 items, alpha=0.886); Negative Self-Perception (5 items, alpha=0.906); Health Care Neglect (7 items, alpha=0.832); Social Isolation (5 items, alpha=0.890); Fear of Contagion (6 items, alpha=0.795); and Workplace Stigma (2 items, alpha=0.758). This article reports on the development and validation of a new measure of stigma, HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWA (HASI-P) providing evidence that supports adequate content and construct validity, modest concurrent validity, and acceptable internal consistency reliability for each of the six subscales and total score. The sacle is available is several African languages.
Semantic role assignment in Danish children and adults

In resolving “who did what to whom” in an active transitive clause, language users rely on intrasentential cues like word order, animacy and case marking. Most frequently, these cues will all point towards the same interpretation. For instance, in He kicked the ball, the agent he is both cued by word order (preverbal), animacy and case (the nominative). However, in Danish where word order may be subject to pragmatically motivated variations and thus allow for both subject-before-object and object-before-subject structures, conflicts often occur between the word order cue and other formal cues. Previous experiments in a variety of languages have shown that sentences with conflicting formal cues are habitually miscomprehended by pre-school children. For adults, they continue to be more difficult to read and comprehend, often being shallowly processed on the basis of heuristics. However, most previous experiments have presented sentences in isolation, that is, in situations that render a context-demanding structure with conflicting formal cues decidedly inappropriate. In this study we therefore cross the sentence boundary to investigate the interplay between intra- and extrasentential cues in Danish sentence comprehension. Comparing corpus data with recent act-out and reading experiments involving Danish sentences with conflicting formal cues, we argue that context plays an important role in the resolution of semantic role distribution. Children and adults weigh morphosyntactic cues differently, but we find a striking continuity in attention to context across development: when interpreting conflict clauses with object-before-subject structure, both children and adults systematically integrate intra- and extrasentential cues to assign semantic roles.
Personality traits and values: a replication with a Swedish sample

To maintain rigor and transparency in the science of personality psychology, we conducted a replication of the often cited “The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values” by Roccas, Sagiv, Schwartz, and Knafo (2002). More than a decade ago, based on a study of Israeli students, they presented results on how personality traits and personal values relate. In the current replication study with Swedish students, we related the Big Five personality traits to Schwartz´s personal values. Our results replicated most of the earlier findings. Whereas the earlier study tested the predictive validity of traits and values on religious beliefs, presumed to be under a relatively high degree of cognitive control, our study tested the willingness-to-pay for Fairtrade alternatives. Our findings confirmed the earlier findings that personal values explain substantially more variance than personality traits in this. We discuss that traits and values are different constructs and that their relationship is consistent across the two geographic locations and student cohorts.
What Has Been Learned from Group-Based Trajectory Modeling? Examples from Physical Aggression and Other Problem Behaviors

The focus of this article is group-based trajectory modeling. Its purpose is threefold. The first is to clarify the proper statistical interpretation of a trajectory group. The second is to summarize some key findings on the developmental course of aggression and other problem behaviors that have emerged from the application of group-based trajectory models and that in the authors' judgment are important to the fields of developmental criminology and developmental psychopathology. The third is to lay out some guidelines on the types of problems for which use of group-based trajectory modeling may be particularly productive.
‘I feel less lonely’: what older people say about participating in a social networking website

This paper presents the findings from a qualitative pilot project that implemented an internet social networking intervention and evaluated the effect it had on older people's experience of temporal loneliness. The project was implemented over a three‐month period and utilised an in‐home, one‐on‐one education strategy. Six older people aged 69 to 85 years were recruited from a community aged care programme in South Australia. All participants were connected to the internet and provided with one‐on‐one tutoring in how to use the social networking site. To evaluate the project, data were collected through in‐depth interviews with older people at the commencement and completion of the project. An additional interview with the community programme co‐ordinator was conducted at the completion of the project. Evaluation was also guided by data collected by the research team via reflective journals. The key findings to emerge from the inductive analysis of the data resulted in four major themes, these were: the participants' experience of loneliness; technology as an enabler; providing a supportive environment; connectivity. A case study is presented to provide in‐depth understanding of how social networking can help reduce the participants' experience of loneliness. The findings from this project demonstrated that the utilisation of a social networking site has the potential to reduce loneliness in older people and therefore, based on these findings, recommendations for further research and practice implementation are made. In particular the project team recommends expanding the current pilot project into a larger scale project.
Managers Versus Students: New Approach in Improving Capital Structure Education

According to Graham and Harvey (2001), an immense gap exists between capital structure theories and practice. By analyzing students’ perception of capital structure theories and the differences between their opinion and that of the current CEO’s and managers this paper argues that this can be partially explained by current educational practices. Educators mostly focus on one or maybe two most popular theories and students have much smaller knowledge about other theories. Secondly educational practices favor trade-off theory to asymmetric information based theories. The paper provides some suggestions regarding capital structure education and future research.
Forgotten children: work–family reconciliation in the EU

At the core of this article is a discussion of how, why and with what implications, considerations of children's needs are missing from the EU's work–family reconciliation framework. Part I demonstrates how the EU has failed to properly identify, let alone acknowledge or promote, children's interests in relation to work-family reconciliation. An examination of relevant legislation and case law shows how children are ‘missing’ from this policy area, which has huge implications for their day to day lives. Part II then considers the reasons behind, and consequences of, this reluctance to engage with children's interests in reconciliation laws and shows how children's well-being could be better incorporated into relevant policies and within the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. This section highlights, for example, how the EU has been willing and able to promote children's interests in other legal fields and suggests that changes in the Treaty, post Lisbon, offer a means to improve the current approach.
Why do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments?

There exists a positive correlation between an economy's exposure to international trade and the size of its government. The correlation holds for most measures of government spending, in low‐as well as high‐income samples, and is robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls. One explanation is that government spending plays a risk‐reducing role in economies exposed to a significant amount of external risk. The Paper provides a range of evidence consistent with this hypothesis. In particular, the relationship between openness and government size is strongest when terms‐of‐trade risk is highest.
The civic activism of Scottish teachers: explanations and consequences

ABSTRACT Voluntary activism has been argued to provide the basis for a pluralist democracy. The paper investigates the reasons why teachers engage in voluntary activities outside their professional work. Being a well‐educated and geographically dispersed profession, teachers offer a social resource which many voluntary organisations rely on locally as well as nationally. Moreover, being educators, they are in a position to pass on the values of a civic culture to their students and to the wider community. The analysis uses data from a postal questionnaire survey of teachers in Scotland. Its main findings were that teachers were active in diverse organisations, and in diverse ways. The strongest correlates of high levels of activism were being male or being female without children, having a strong sense of personal political efficacy, being more educationally experienced (for example, holding a promoted post and having taken a post‐graduate degree), and (for the more political types of activism) being more.
Re-Examining the Automaticity and Directionality of the Activation of the Spatial-Valence "Good is Up" Metaphoric Association

According to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, people understand abstract concepts depending on the activation of more concrete concepts, but not vice versa. The present research aims to investigate the role of directionality and automaticity regarding the activation of the conceptual metaphor “good is up”. Experiment 1 tested the automaticity of the spatial-to-valence metaphoric congruency effect by having participants judge the valence of a positive or negative word that appeared either at the top or at the bottom of the screen. They performed the task concurrently with a 6-digit verbal rehearsal task in the working-memory-load (WML) blocks and without this task in the non-WML blocks. The spatial-to-valence metaphoric congruency effect occurred for the positive words in the non-WML blocks (i.e., positive words are judged more quickly when they appeared at the top than at the bottom of the screen), but not in the WML blocks, suggesting that this metaphoric association might not be activated automatically. Experiments 2-6 investigated the valence-to-spatial metaphoric association and its automaticity. Participants processed a positive or negative prime, which appeared at the center of the screen, and then identified a letter (p/q) that subsequently appeared at the top or bottom of the screen. The valence-to-spatial metaphoric congruency effect did not occur in the WML (6-digit verbal rehearsal) or non-WML blocks, whether response modality to the prime was key-press or vocal, or whether the prime was a word or a picture. The effect only unexpectedly occurred when the task was simultaneously performed with a 4-dot-position visuospatial rehearsal task. Nevertheless, the data collapsed across multiple experiments showed a null valence-to-spatial metaphoric congruency effect, suggesting the absence of the valence-to-spatial metaphoric association in general. The implications of the current findings for the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its alternatives are discussed.
Boston Naming Test results for healthy older Australians: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study

This study reports on a sample of normal Australian elderly who were assessed for naming ability using the Boston Naming Test (BNT). The study aimed to examine and compare the changes in naming ability, using both longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis, and determine the relationships between naming ability and age, educational level, visual acuity and gender and cultural relevance. Contradictory findings were produced regarding age and were dependent on the research design. Longitudinal analysis showed no age-related change in naming ability in subjects over a four-period. In contrast, cross-sectional analysis showed a weak but significant correlation between age and naming ability. Educational level, visual acuity and gender were unrelated to changes in naming ability over time, and unrelated to naming ability across the cohort of elderly. The Australian elderly performed better on the modified Australian version of the BNT than on the original American version. Thus, clinicians need to be cautious when interpreting the results of the BNT for elderly and for populations outside North America. The results of this study also indicate a need for further longitudinal research of a greater duration to establish age-related decline in naming ability.
On the Heat Stability of Amyloid-Based Biological Activity: Insights from Thermal Degradation of Insulin Fibrils

Formation of amyloid fibrils in vivo has been linked to disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and prion-associated transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. One of the characteristic features of amyloid fibrils is the high thermodynamic stability relative both to native and disordered states which is also thought to underlie the perplexingly remarkable heat resistance of prion infectivity. Here, we are comparing high-temperature degradation of native and fibrillar forms of human insulin. Decomposition of insulin amyloid has been studied under helium atmosphere and in the temperature range from ambient conditions to 750°C using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry coupled to mass spectrometry. While converting native insulin into amyloid does upshift onset of thermal decomposition by ca. 75°C, fibrils remain vulnerable to covalent degradation at temperatures below 300°C, as reflected by mass spectra of gases released upon heating of amyloid samples, as well as morphology and infrared spectra of fibrils subjected to incubation at 250°C. Mass spectra profiles of released gases indicate that degradation of fibrils is much more cooperative than degradation of native insulin. The data show no evidence of water of crystallization trapped within insulin fibrils. We have also compared untreated and heated amyloid samples in terms of capacity to seed daughter fibrils. Kinetic traces of seed-induced insulin fibrillation have shown that the seeding potency of amyloid samples decreases significantly already after exposure to 200°C, even though corresponding electron micrographs indicated persisting fibrillar morphology. Our results suggest that amyloid-based biological activity may not survive extremely high temperature treatments, at least in the absence of other stabilizing factors.
The Opposite of Republican: Polarization and Political Categorization

Two experiments examined the typicality structure of contrasting political categories. In Experiment 1, two separate groups of participants rated the typicality of 15 individuals, including political figures and media personalities, with respect to the categories Democrat or Republican. The relation between the two sets of ratings was negative, linear, and extremely strong, r = -. 9957. Essentially, one category was treated as a mirror image of the other. Experiment 2 replicated this result, showing some boundary conditions, and extending the result to liberal and conservative categories. The same method was applied to two other pairs of contrasting categories, healthy and junk foods, and male and female jobs. For those categories, the relation between contrasting pairs was weaker and there was less of a direct trade-off between typicality in one category versus typicality in its opposite. The results are discussed in terms of implications for political decision making and reasoning, and conceptual representation.
Conflict and Creativity in Interdisciplinary Teams

We examine the effects of conflict and conflict asymmetry on creativity in interdisciplinary teams. Testing our hypotheses on teams working on graduate-level nanobiotechnology projects, we found task conflict to have a positive relationship with creativity whereas relationship conflict had a negative relationship with creativity. Our results also revealed that relationship conflict asymmetry had a positive effect on creativity. Examining the two components of creativity separately, we found that relationship conflict asymmetry explained variance in the novelty component, whereas task conflict, team size, and functional diversity explained variance in the usefulness component.
THE WORLD WAR II PATRIOTIC MOTHER

The archetypal good mother and the archetypal patriotic mother are important symbols in American culture. Both are rooted in maternal work but are separated by two conflicting assumptions. The good mother nurtures her children and protects them from harm, while the patriotic wartime mother remains silent when the government sends her child directly into harm's way. This study explores how the World War II press positioned mothers of soldiers to sacrifice their children in support of the nation's war effort. The findings point to the importance of understanding the role of archetypes in news narratives.
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy system for color image segmentation

Image segmentation and object extraction plays an important role in image analysis and computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for color image segmentation called 'adaptive neuro-fuzzy color image segmentation (ANFCIS)'. The proposed system consists of multilayer perceptron (MLP)-like network which performs color image segmentation using multilevel thresholding. Threshold values for detecting clusters and their labels are found automatically using fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering technique. Fuzzy entropy is used as a tool to decide the number of clusters. ANFCIS uses saturation and intensity planes of HSV (hue, saturation, intensity) color space for segmentation. Neural network is employed to find the number of objects automatically from an image. The major advantage of this method is that it does not require a priori knowledge to segment a color image. The algorithm is found to be robust and relatively computationally inexpensive for large variety of color images. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
A Preliminary microRNA Analysis of Non Syndromic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

ABSTRACT The development of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) involves a multifactorial process resulting in alterations of the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, modifications in microRNA (miRNA) expression were implicated in the pathogenesis of TAA. This study presents a preliminary miRNA microarray analysis conducted on pooled ascending aorta RNAs obtained from non familial non syndromic TAA patients (five males and five females) compared to matched control pools. Ninety-nine differentially expressed miRNAs with >1.5-foldup- or down-regulation in TAAs compared to controls were identified, 16.0% of which were similarly regulated in the two sexes. Genes putatively targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs belonged preferentially to focal adhesion and adherens junction pathways. The results indicate an altered regulation of miRNA-mediated gene expression in the cellular interactions of aneurysmal aortic wall.
The relationship between self-esteem and physical condition as measured by hand grip and leg press strength in retirement home residents

This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Tichy, Anna Mae, "The relationship between self-esteem and physical condition as measured by the hand grip and leg press in retirement home residents" (1985). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 225.
Cultural diversity in learning: developing effective learning for South Asian hospitality management students

Focuses on issues of pedagogy among South Asian students studying undergraduate hospitality at Glasgow Caledonian University. Discusses learning adjustment in terms of students educational experiences, expectations, inclinations and the corresponding academic staff interpretation and facilitation of effective learning. Draws from student questionnaire, participant observation and staff/student focus groups in order to consider cultural differences.