Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homotopy Batalin–Vilkovisky algebras

This paper provides an explicit cobrant resolution of the operad encoding Batalin{Vilkovisky algebras. Thus it denes the notion of homotopy Batalin{Vilkovisky algebras with the required homotopy properties. To dene this resolution, we extend the theory of Koszul duality to operads and properads that are dened by quadratic and linear relations. The operad encoding Batalin{Vilkovisky algebras is shown to be Koszul in this sense. This allows us to prove a Poincar e{Birkho{Witt Theorem for such an operad and to give an explicit small quasi-free resolution for it. This particular resolution enables us to describe the deformation theory and homotopy theory of BV-algebras and of homotopy BV-algebras. We show that any topological conformal eld theory carries a homotopy BV- algebra structure which lifts the BV-algebra structure on homology. The same result is proved for the singular chain complex of the double loop space of a topological space endowed with an action of the circle. We also prove the cyclic Deligne conjecture with this cobrant resolution of the operad BV . We develop the general obstruction theory for algebras over the Koszul resolution of a properad and apply it to extend a conjecture of Lian{Zuckerman, showing that certain vertex algebras have an explicit homotopy BV-algebra structure.
Attractor Network Models of Cortical Associative Memory

The theories of early brain scientists like Hebb and v. Hayek were in many ways analogous to modern attractor network models. In a series of simulations we have addressed the question whether or not a network of biological neurons could function as an attractor network. We found robust attractor dynamics displayed on a time-scale compatible with perceptual performance. The action at the cellular level of monoamine neuromodulators, like e.g. serotonin, could be modelled and effects on network behaviour were observed. The brain, however, is a highly complex multi-network structure and models have to take this into account before one can get a more complete understanding of the full range of its function.
An evaluation of noise power spectral density estimation algorithms in adverse acoustic environments

Noise power spectral density estimation is an important component of speech enhancement systems due to its considerable effect on the quality and the intelligibility of the enhanced speech. Recently, many new algorithms have been proposed and significant progress in noise tracking has been made. In this paper, we present an evaluation framework for measuring the performance of some recently proposed and some well-known noise power spectral density estimators and compare their performance in adverse acoustic environments. In this investigation we do not only consider the performance in the mean of a spectral distance measure but also evaluate the variance of the estimators as the latter is related to undesirable fluctuations also known as musical noise. By providing a variety of different non-stationary noises, the robustness of noise estimators in adverse environments is examined.
Signal transduction in bacterial chemotaxis

Motile bacteria respond to environmental cues to move to more favorable locations. The components of the chemotaxis signal transduction systems that mediate these responses are highly conserved among prokaryotes including both eubacterial and archael species. The best‐studied system is that found in Escherichia coli. Attractant and repellant chemicals are sensed through their interactions with transmembrane chemoreceptor proteins that are localized in multimeric assemblies at one or both cell poles together with a histidine protein kinase, CheA, an SH3‐like adaptor protein, CheW, and a phosphoprotein phosphatase, CheZ. These multimeric protein assemblies act to control the level of phosphorylation of a response regulator, CheY, which dictates flagellar motion. Bacterial chemotaxis is one of the most‐understood signal transduction systems, and many biochemical and structural details of this system have been elucidated. This is an exciting field of study because the depth of knowledge now allows the detailed molecular mechanisms of transmembrane signaling and signal processing to be investigated. BioEssays 28:9–22, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rituximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an update

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 molecule expressed on the surface of B cells. It was first used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and later approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that does not respond adequately to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including the anti-tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF) biologics. Sustained efficacy in RA can be achieved by repeated courses of rituximab. However, the optimal dose and retreatment schedule of rituximab in RA remains to be established. Seropositivity, complete B cell depletion shortly after treatment, and previous failure to no more than one anti-TNF agent are three factors associated with greater clinical benefits to rituximab. Infusion reaction to the first dose of rituximab occurs in approximately 25% of RA patients, and the incidence reduces with subsequent exposure. Immunogenicity to the chimeric compound occurs in 11% of RA patients, but this does not correlate with its efficacy in B cell depletion. Extended observation of randomized controlled trials in RA does not reveal a significant increase in the incidence of serious infections related to rituximab compared to placebo groups, and the infection rate remains static over time. Repeated treatment with rituximab is associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, which may increase the risk of serious, but rarely opportunistic, infections. Reactivation of occult hepatitis B infection has been reported in RA patients receiving rituximab, but no increase in the incidence of tuberculosis was observed. Screening for baseline serum immunoglobulin G level and hepatitis B status (including occult infection) is important, especially in Asian countries where hepatitis B infection is prevalent. The rare but fatal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy linked to the use of rituximab has to be noted. Postmarketing surveillance and registry data, particularly in Asia, are necessary to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of RA.
A Roadmap to Pre-Implementation of Electronic Health Record: the Key Step to Success

Introduction: Initial attempts are made to implement electronic health record (EHR) in Iran, the present study aim is developing a proper roadmap to EHR in pre-implementation phase by expert views on the matter. Method: An initial framework was developed for preimplementation based on reviewing literature on EHR implementation and descriptive-comparative with qualitative approaches in five countries. A questionnaire was designed in several sections using 47 main topics associated with pre-implementation. Cronbach’s alpha 0.89 confirmed the reliability of the data. Expert views were used to score each topic based on Likert scale and opinions were collected through Delphi. Then results analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis method. Result: Framework of EHR pre-implementation roadmap was presented in four phases: preliminaries, assessment, planning, and method of choosing system vendors. Priorities in each part were determined and reflected in the roadmap using expert views, analyses, and requirements of each phase. It seems strategic planning at different levels; assessment of needs; providing and managing financial resources, setting standards; examining the existing condition was determined as highest priorities in above phases. Conclusion: For successful implementation, developing national carefully-designed and well-documented EHR pre-implementing roadmap, Based on country situation, from strategic to operation level is necessary.
Students' Perceptions of Memrise App Use in Learning Vocabulary

This study aims to investigate the students’ perceptions in using Memrise app in learning vocabulary. To achieve this aim, this research applied qualitative methodology as qualitative research. The participants of this study were 20 students with non-English major study programs. The data of this study were obtained from students’ written reflections through Google form that spread by WA Group. Thematic analysis was implemented in this study based on the concept of students’ perceptions. The result of the analysis showed that students’ perceived usefulness in learning vocabulary with the Memrise application has positively increased. The students also felt entertained in learning vocabulary, such as playing a game. The result also revealed that students implemented their words knowledge in speaking, pronunciation, listening and writing. The students were satisfied in learning vocabulary after exposing them with range of built-in features of the application, such as videos, audios, pronunciation guidance and reviewing learning systems. The pedagogical implication of this study is that the teacher/lecturer, university, and students can utilize this application as learning and teaching media to bridge them to acquire good range of lexical.Keywords: Learning Vocabulary; MALL; Memrise App; Students’ Perceptions
A class of torus manifolds with nonconvex orbit space

We study a class of smooth torus manifolds whose orbit space has the struc- ture of a simple polytope with holes. We prove that these manifolds have stable almost complex structure and give combinatorial formula for some of their Hirzebruch genera. They have (invariant) almost complex structure if they admit positive omniorientation. In dimension four, we calculate the homology groups, construct symplectic structure on a large class of these manifolds, and give a family which is symplectic but not complex.
On the Feedback Capacity of Power-Constrained Gaussian Noise Channels With Memory

For a stationary additive Gaussian-noise channel with a rational noise power spectrum of a finite-order L, we derive two new results for the feedback capacity under an average channel input power constraint. First, we show that a very simple feedback-dependent Gauss-Markov source achieves the feedback capacity, and that Kalman-Bucy filtering is optimal for processing the feedback. Based on these results, we develop a new method for optimizing the channel inputs for achieving the Cover-Pombra block-length- n feedback capacity by using a dynamic programming approach that decomposes the computation into n sequentially identical optimization problems where each stage involves optimizing O(L 2) variables. Second, we derive the explicit maximal information rate for stationary feedback-dependent sources. In general, evaluating the maximal information rate for stationary sources requires solving only a few equations by simple nonlinear programming. For first-order autoregressive and/or moving average (ARMA) noise channels, this optimization admits a closed-form maximal information rate formula. The maximal information rate for stationary sources is a lower bound on the feedback capacity, and it equals the feedback capacity if the long-standing conjecture, that stationary sources achieve the feedback capacity, holds
Resistance to Dasatinib in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes involves AMPK-mediated energetic re-programming

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults in the western world. Although promising new therapies for this incurable disease are being tested in clinical trials, the therapeutic relevance of metabolic rewiring in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify targetable metabolic differences in primary CLL lymphocytes by the use of Dasatinib. Dasatinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and is being tested in clinical trials for several cancers including CLL. This drug has been shown to be beneficial to CML patients suffering from diabetes by reducing their glucose plasma levels. In keeping with this previous observation, we report that Dasatinib induced glucose use while reducing lactate production, suggesting that this tyrosine kinase inhibitor decreases aerobic glycolysis and shifts glucose use in primary CLL lymphocytes. Our results suggest that primary CLL lymphocytes (independently of traditional prognostic factors) can be stratified in two subsets by their sensitivity to Dasatinib in vitro. Increased glucose use induced by Dasatinib or by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration was not sufficient to sustain survival and ATP levels in CLL samples sensitive to Dasatinib. The two subsets of primary CLL lymphocytes are characterized as well by a differential dependency on mitochondrial respiration and the use of anabolic or catabolic processes to cope with induced metabolic/energetic stress. Differential metabolic reprogramming between subsets is supported by the contrasting effect on the survival of Dasatinib treated CLL lymphocytes with pharmacological inhibition of two master metabolic regulators (mTorc1 and AMPK) as well as induced autophagy. Alternative metabolic organization between subsets is further supported by the differential basal expression (freshly purified lymphocytes) of active AMPK, regulators of glucose metabolism and modulators of AKT signaling. The contrasting metabolic features revealed by our strategy could be used to metabolically target CLL lymphocyte subsets creating new therapeutic windows for this disease for mTORC1 or AMPK inhibitors. Indeed, we report that Metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes was selectively cytotoxic to Dasatinib sensitive samples. Ultimately, we suggest that a similar strategy could be applied to other cancer types by using Dasatinib and/or relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Seed dispersal by animals: exact identification of source trees with endocarp DNA microsatellites

A long‐standing challenge in studies of seed dispersal by animal frugivores has been the characterization of the spatial relationships between dispersed seeds and the maternal plants, i.e. the seed shadow. The difficulties to track unambiguously the origin of frugivore‐dispersed seeds in natural communities has been considered an unavoidable limitation of the research field and precluded a robust analysis of the direct consequences of zoochory. Here we report that the multilocus genotype at simple sequence repeat (SSR; microsatellite) loci of the woody endocarp, a tissue of maternal origin, provides an unequivocal genetic fingerprint of the source tree. By comparing the endocarp genotype against the complete set of genotypes of reproductive trees in the population, we could unambiguously identify the source tree for 82.1% of the seeds collected in seed traps and hypothesize that the remaining 17.9% of sampled seeds come from other populations. Identification of the source tree for Prunus mahaleb seeds dispersed by frugivores revealed a marked heterogeneity in the genetic composition of the seed rain in different microhabitats, with a range of 1–5 distinct maternal trees contributing seeds to a particular landscape patch. Within‐population dispersal distances ranged between 0 and 316 m, with up to 62% of the seeds delivered within 15 m of the source trees. Long distance dispersal events, detected by the exclusion of all reproductive trees in the population, accounted for up to 17.9% of the seeds sampled. Our results indicate strong distance limitation of seed delivery combined with infrequent long‐distance dispersal events, extreme heterogeneity in the landscape pattern of genetic makeup, and a marked mosaic of multiple parentage for the seeds delivered to a particular patch.
Experimental Study of Information Load on Operators of Semi-Autonomous Systems

A set of experimental results studying the relationship between Human in the Loop performance and user workload in the RoboFlag test environment is presented, with accompanying analysis and conclusions. RoboFlag is an experimental hardware/software test-bed with two teams of 2-6 semi-autonomous vehicles each with Human in the Loop oversight (one or more human operators per team) designed to play games structured around the rules of “Capture the Flag”. RoboFlag utilizes small robots based on Cornell University’s award winning RoboCup hardware. The objective of RoboFlag is to locate and capture a “flag” by venturing into enemy territory and return the flag to home base without having robots “tagged”. Human operators have varying degrees of control over the robots ranging from direct “joystick” control to complete reliance on automation. Operators played a series of games to evaluate performance as a function of information load (speed and number of vehicles). Results showed a positive relationship between game speed and total score. In addition operators reported using more automation as number of robots increased but trusting automation less as game speed increased.
[The relationship between postmortem degradation of marrow DNA in bosom bone and late postmortem interval estimation].

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between degradation of marrow DNA and late postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS Marrow were left on natural condition for 0,1,3,5,7 day after death respectively, Marrow DNA were detected by using Feulgen staining and computerized image analysis. RESULTS The content of marrow DNA could be detected till 7 days after death yet. CONCLUSION The degradation of marrow DNA may be used on estimation the late PMI.
Women sleep objectively better than men and the sleep of young women is more resilient to external stressors: effects of age and menopause

The aims of this study were to: (i) assess gender differences of objective sleep patterns in a general population sample; (ii) evaluate the effects of menopause and hormone treatment (HT) on the sleep of the same cohort; and (iii) examine gender differences in sleep resilience towards external stressors. The participants were (i) 1324 subjects without sleep complaints, recruited from the general population of Central Pennsylvania that spent one night in the sleep laboratory and (ii) 66 young, healthy volunteers whose sleep was disturbed during night four by an external stressor, i.e. 24‐h blood drawing (average of nights 2 and 3 versus night 4). Women compared with men in the general population sample had significantly higher percentage of sleep time, lower percentage of stage 1, and higher percentage of slow wave sleep. Also, menopause, in the absence of HT, was associated with prolonged sleep latency and decreased deep sleep. Finally, young, healthy women compared with men experienced less sleep disturbance because of blood draws as indicated by a significantly smaller change in per cent sleep time, and percentage of stage 1 sleep. These findings suggest that women without sleep complaints sleep objectively better across age than men and the sleep of young women is more resistant to external stressors. Also, gonadal hormones exert a beneficial effect on women’s sleep. This gender dimorphism in sleep regulation may have been to protect women from the demands of infant and child care, and in part, might contribute to women’s lower cardiovascular risks and greater longevity.
Colorectal cancer in Iran: Epidemiology and morphology trends

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in different countries, including Iran. No comprehensive study has been done in the country for colorectal cancer, but information on the incidence and trends is essential to planning. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and morphology of colorectal cancer and its trend in Iran. This study was conducted using data from the national cancer registry system in Iran from 2003-2008. We used joinpoint regression analysis for assessing incidence time trends and morphology change percentage. Of all cases of colorectal cancer, 61.83 % were colon cancer, 27.54 % rectal cancer, 7.46 % rectosigmoid cancer, and 3.10 anal cancer. The most common histological types with the frequencies of 80.85 % was related to adenocarcinoma, NOS. The Annual percentage changes (APC) in ASIR for colorectal cancer significantly increased in both men and women. APC in ASIR was 13.7 (CI: 10.5-17.1) in women and 16.4 (CI: 12.4-20.5) in men. APC of adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma showed significant declining trend (p<0.05), while APC of adenocarcinoma, NOS had a constant trend. The incidence of the cancer in recent years has increased in Iran because of changes in lifestyle and diet. Therefore, further studies are necessary to detect the cause of this cancer and perform preventive measures.
Autonomic Adjustments to Severe Hypotension in Fetal and Neonatal Sheep

In fetal sheep, severe hypotension causes heart rate (HR) slowing. Studies during development have also shown that a reflex bradycardia and hypotension can be elicited after chemostimulation with veratridine and is dependent on the age of the animal. In adults, a vagally mediated depressor reflex characterized by bradycardia, hypotension, and withdrawal of efferent sympathetic activity can be observed after stimulation of chemosensitive or mechanosensitive cardiac receptors with veratridine or in circumstances of reduced cardiac filling. This reflex, known as the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, plays a role in disease states such as myocardial ischemia and hemorrhage. The objectives of our study were to determine whether a sympathoinhibitor depressor reflex, along with the bradycardia, is observed during pharmacologically induced hypotension in fetal and newborn lambs. In both fetal and newborn lambs, HR and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) initially increased (p < 0.05) in response to nitroprusside infusion to reach a maximum value. The range (or “plateau”) of mean arterial blood pressure over which maximum RSNA was maintained constant before withdrawal of sympathetic tone started to be observed was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller in fetuses (0.3 ± 0.3 mm Hg) than newborn (6 ± 1 mm Hg) lambs. Similarly, the plateau over which maximum HR was maintained before onset of bradycardia was significantly smaller in fetuses (4 ± 1 versus 11 ± 2 mm Hg). The mean arterial blood pressure level (“threshold”) at which a depressor reflex was triggered was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in fetal than newborn sheep (35 ± 2 versus 53 ± 3 mm Hg for HR and 35 ± 2 versus 57 ± 2 mm Hg for RSNA). The rates of fall (slopes) for both HR and RSNA were also significantly (p < 0.05) more pronounced in fetuses (1.85 ± 0.27 and 6.08 ± 2.45%/mm Hg) than in newborns (1.21 ± 0.16 and 1.97 ± 0.32%/mm Hg). Bilateral vagotomy significantly increased the plateau of mean arterial blood pressure over which maximum RSNA and HR were maintained constant. Vagotomy also decreased the threshold for both RSNA and HR and the slope of the RSNA response to the nitroprusside infusion in newborn lambs. Results from this study show that activation of the arterial baroreflex during nitroprusside-induced hypotension is followed by withdrawal of sympathetic tone and bradycardia and that this depressor reflex is more pronounced in late-gestation fetuses than newborn lambs and is significantly attenuated after bilateral vagotomy in newborn lambs.