Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Thromboprophylaxis across the US Acute Care Setting

Background The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be reduced by appropriate use of anticoagulant prophylaxis. VTE prophylaxis does, however, remain substantially underused, particularly among acutely ill medical inpatients. We sought to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of increasing use of American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP)-recommended VTE prophylaxis among medical inpatients from a US healthcare system perspective. Methods and Findings In this retrospective database cost-effectiveness evaluation, a decision-tree model was developed to estimate deaths within 30 days of admission and outcomes attributable to VTE that might have been averted by use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated using “no prophylaxis” as the comparator. Data from the ENDORSE US medical inpatients and the US nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were used to estimate the annual number of eligible inpatients who failed to receive ACCP-recommended VTE prophylaxis. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that VTE-prevention strategies would reduce deaths by 0.5% and 0.3%, comparing LMWH and UFH strategies with no prophylaxis, translating into savings of $50,637 and $25,714, respectively, per death averted. The ENDORSE findings indicated that 51.1% of US medical inpatients were at ACCP-defined VTE risk, 47.5% of whom received ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. By extrapolating these findings to the NIS and applying cost-effectives analysis results, the full implementation of ACCP guidelines would reduce number of deaths (by 15,875 if using LMWH or 10,201 if using UFH), and was extrapolated to calculate the cost reduction of $803M for LMWH and $262M for UFH. Conclusions Efforts to improve VTE prophylaxis use in acutely ill inpatients are warranted due to the potential for reducing VTE-attributable deaths, with net cost savings to healthcare systems.
Comparison of the Effects of Goat Dairy and Cow Dairy Based Breakfasts on Satiety, Appetite Hormones, and Metabolic Profile

The satiating effects of cow dairy have been thoroughly investigated; however, the effects of goat dairy on appetite have not been reported so far. Our study investigates the satiating effect of two breakfasts based on goat or cow dairy and their association with appetite related hormones and metabolic profile. Healthy adults consumed two breakfasts based on goat (G-Breakfast) or cow (C-Breakfast) dairy products. Blood samples were taken and VAS tests were performed at different time points. Blood metabolites were measured and Combined Satiety Index (CSI) and areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated. Desire to eat rating was significantly lower (breakfast & time interaction p < 0.01) and hunger rating tended to be lower (breakfast & time interaction p = 0.06) after the G-breakfast. None of the blood parameters studied were different between breakfasts; however, AUCGLP-1 was inversely associated with the AUChunger and AUCdesire-to-eat after the G-Breakfast, whereas triglyceride levels were directly associated with AUCCSI after the C-Breakfast. Our results suggest a slightly higher satiating effect of goat dairy when compared to cow dairy products, and pointed to a potential association of GLP-1 and triglyceride levels with the mechanisms by which dairy products might affect satiety after the G-Breakfast and C-Breakfast, respectively.
Optimization of FFR for LTE Uplink Systems

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) can be deployed in OFDMA systems to preserve the cell capacity while mitigating the inter-cell interference (ICI) for cell-edge users. In the uplink of such systems, power control can also be used to control ICI. The problem of determining the joint optimal power control settings and the optimal configuration of the FFR algorithm is of a great interest to the operators deploying LTE systems and their evolutions. In this study, we apply the fluid model to reuse factor 3 and use the result to find the optimum FFR parameters (distance to switch between reuse 1 and 3 and the bandwidth allocation between the two reuse plans) and the optimum power control path-loss compensation factor while maximizing the average cell throughput. The result shows that FFR performs better than ordinary reuse plans in the uplink with power control for cell edge and cell centre but lower on the cell average.
Obstructive vs nonobstructive dilatation of the renal collecting system in children: distinction with duplex sonography.

OBJECTIVE The resistive index in cortical or arcuate renal arteries of children was calculated to determine whether obstructive uropathy could be differentiated from nonobstructive dilatation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Kidneys (n = 176) were prospectively evaluated by using duplex Doppler sonography in patients 3 days to 20 years old. Obstruction was confirmed by renography with furosemide and/or by surgery. RESULTS The normal resistive index was 0.57 +/- 0.06 and the normal difference in resistive indexes between kidneys was 0.03 +/- 0.02 (n = 15). Abnormal values indicative of ureteropelvic junction obstruction were defined as the normal mean +/- 2 SD (i.e., a resistive index of > or = 0.70 plus a difference in resistive indexes between kidneys of > or = 0.08). Patients with unilateral dilatation and obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction (n = 20) had a mean resistive index of 0.77 +/- 0.05 and a difference in resistive indexes between kidneys of 0.16 +/- 0.05 (p < .001 compared with patients with normal kidneys and p < .001 compared with patients with unilateral dilatation without obstruction). Patients with unilateral dilatation but without obstruction (n = 16) had a mean resistive index of 0.63 +/- 0.06 and a difference between kidneys of 0.06 +/- 0.04 (values within normal limits). The positive and negative predictive values of the obstruction criteria for unilateral collecting system dilatation were 95% and 100%, respectively. After successful surgical correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n = 29), patients had a normal mean resistive index of 0.61 +/- 0.05 and a normal difference between kidneys of 0.03 +/- 0.03. Five patients examined both before and after surgery showed a statistically significant drop in the resistive index of the obstructed kidney (0.75 +/- 0.03 to 0.65 +/- 0.05, p < .05) after surgery and a small rise in the resistive index of the contralateral kidney (0.56 +/- 0.04 to 0.63 +/- 0.04, p < .02). CONCLUSION The resistive index appears to be an effective parameter for the evaluation and follow-up of unilateral obstructive or nonobstructive ureteropelvic junction dilatation in children.
PYODERMA FACIALE: MANIFESTATION OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

A 31-year-old white married woman, who had no history of teenage acne, presented with acute-onset progressive, welldefined, deeply erythematous, edematous, cystic, nodular, and pustular lesions with purulent discharging sinuses, surrounded by normal skin. The skin lesions started on the chin and then extended to the forehead, lateral aspect of the face, and to the paranasal area (Fig, 1), No comedones or other signs of old acne were observed. The skin lesions were limited to the face. The condition was preceded by a history of acute emotional trauma. Two years earlier, the patient was diagnosed as a case of ulcerative colitis on repeated colonoscopy and by intestinal biopsies. She was then treated with sulfasalazine and intermittent courses of prednisolone enema for the relapse. While she was having isotretinoin therapy, she developed a few lesions of erythema nodosum on the lower extremities, pain in several joints, and exacerbation of her inflammatory bowel symptoms, for which she was given prednisolone enemas.
High‐density lipoproteins augment hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis via regulation of post‐translational modulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α

Increasing evidence suggests that high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) promote hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is important in hypoxia and is modulated post‐translationally by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1–PHD3) and E3 ubiquitin ligases (Siah1 and Siah2). We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which HDLs augment hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis. Preincubation (16 h) of human coronary artery endothelial cells with reconstituted high‐density lipoprotein (rHDL) containing apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) and phosphatidylcholine (20 μM, final apoA‐I concentration), before hypoxia, increased Siah1 (58%) and Siah2 (88%) mRNA levels and suppressed PHD2 (32%) and PHD3 (45%) protein levels compared with hypoxia‐induced control levels. After Siah1/2 small interfering RNA knockdown, rHDL was unable to suppress PHD2/3 and failed to induce HIF‐1α, VEGF, and tubulogenesis in hypoxia. Inhibition of the upstream phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway also abrogated the effects of rHDL. Furthermore, knockdown of the scavenger receptor SR‐BI attenuated rHDL‐induced elevations in Siah1/2 and tubulogenesis in hypoxia, indicating that SR‐BI plays a key role. Finally, the importance of VEGF in mediating the ability of rHDL to drive hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis was confirmed using a VEGF‐neutralizing antibody. In summary, rHDL augments the HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway via SR‐BI and modulation of the post‐translational regulators of HIF‐1α (PI3K/Siahs/PHDs). HDL‐induced augmentation of angiogenesis in hypoxia may have implications for therapeutic modulation of ischemic injury. —Tan, J. T. M. , Prosser, H. C. G. , Vanags, L. Z. , Monger, S. A. , Ng, M. K. C. , Bursill, C. A. High‐density lipoproteins augment hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis via regulation of post‐translational modulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α. FASEB J. 28, 206–217 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Circulating DBP level and prognosis in operated lung cancer: an exploration of pathophysiology

Vitamin D stimulates transcription of antiangiogenic and apoptotic factors that may suppress tumours, while vitamin D binding protein (DBP) may be a biomarker in murine lung cancer models. We sought to ascertain whether the vitamin D axis is altered in lung cancer or influences prognosis. 148 lung cancer patients, 68 other intrathoracic cancer patients and 33 noncancer controls were studied for up to 5 yrs. Circulating DBP and vitamin D levels were compared between groups and their effect on survival assessed by Cox regression analysis. Expression of DBP and vitamin D receptor (VDR) was examined in lung cancer cell lines and in normal and tumour lung tissue by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Low serum DBP levels predicted lung cancer-specific death (p=0.04), and DBP was poorly expressed in lung cancer cells on Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Vitamin D did not predict cancer survival and VDR expression was variable in tumours. Preservation of serum DBP is a significant independent factor associated with better cancer outcome in operated lung cancer patients. Given the established role of DBP in macrophage activation and clearance of abnormal cells, further study on its involvement in lung cancer is merited.
Polyphyletic origin of Brassica juncea with B. rapa and B. nigra (Brassicaceae) participating as cytoplasm donor parents in independent hybridization events.

• Premise of the study: Brassica juncea is a major source of edible oil in the Indian subcontinent and northern China. It is also used as a root and leaf vegetable in China and as a condiment in Europe and America. There is a long-standing view that B. juncea originated from multiple hybridization events between B. rapa and B. nigra and that hybridizations were always unidirectional with B. rapa as the cytoplasmic donor. These conclusions were, however, centered primarily on nuclear markers. • Methods: Two hundred forty-six accessions of B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. nigra were genotyped using chloroplast and nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. • Key results: A structure analysis assigned B. juncea germplasm (122) into three major groups based on plasmotype variation. The bulk of Indian B. juncea genotypes were grouped along with Chinese and Australian accessions. This plasmotype was absent in sampled accessions of B. rapa (97), B. nigra (27), and other wild crucifers (10). The second group of B. juncea included East European genotypes and four accessions from India. It showed unambiguous homology with the predominant B. nigra plasmotype. The neighbor joining tree produced seven subgroups, arranged into two broad lineages. The first lineage included Indian, Australian, and Chinese B. juncea genotypes; it was associated with wild species belonging to the "rapa" lineage. Nuclear SSR marker-based analyses were largely supportive of results from chloroplast SSR analyses. • Conclusions: Based on these results, we provide the first report that B. juncea originated several times with both B. rapa and B. nigra as cytoplasmic donors in separate hybridization events.
A systematic review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in imaging studies of cognitive aging: time to establish new norms

The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension in older adults, and the deleterious effect of these conditions on cerebrovascular and brain health, is creating a growing discrepancy between the “typical” cognitive aging trajectory and a “healthy” cognitive aging trajectory. These changing health demographics make T2DM and hypertension important topics of study in their own right, and warrant attention from the perspective of cognitive aging neuroimaging research. Specifically, interpretation of individual or group differences in blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET H2O15) signals as reflective of differences in neural activation underlying a cognitive operation of interest requires assumptions of intact vascular health amongst the study participants. Without adequate screening, inclusion of individuals with T2DM or hypertension in “healthy” samples may introduce unwanted variability and bias to brain and/or cognitive measures, and increase potential for error. We conducted a systematic review of the cognitive aging neuroimaging literature to document the extent to which researchers account for these conditions. Of the 232 studies selected for review, few explicitly excluded individuals with T2DM (9%) or hypertension (13%). A large portion had exclusion criteria that made it difficult to determine whether T2DM or hypertension were excluded (44 and 37%), and many did not mention any selection criteria related to T2DM or hypertension (34 and 22%). Of all the surveyed studies, only 29% acknowledged or addressed the potential influence of intersubject vascular variability on the measured BOLD or PET signals. To reinforce the notion that individuals with T2DM and hypertension should not be overlooked as a potential source of bias, we also provide an overview of metabolic and vascular changes associated with T2DM and hypertension, as they relate to cerebrovascular and brain health.
Serum Protein Expression Profiling for Cancer Detection: Validation of a SELDI-Based Approach for Prostate Cancer

Multiple studies have reported that analysis of serum and other bodily fluids using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (SELDI-TOF-MS) can identify a “fingerprint” or “signature” of spectral peaks that can separate patients with a specific disease from normal control patients. Ultimately, classification by SELDI-TOF-MS relies on spectral differences in position and amplitude of resolved peaks. Since the reproducibility of quantitation, resolution and mass accuracy of the SELDI-TOF-MS, or any high throughput mass spectrometric technique, has never been determined this method has come under some skepticism as to its clinical usefulness. This manuscript describes a detailed design of a three-phase study to validate the clinical usefulness of SELDI-TOF-MS in the identification of patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA). At the end of this validation study, the usefulness of the general SELDI-TOF-MS approach to identifying patients with PCA will be demonstrated and how it compares with PCA diagnosis by measuring prostate specific antigen.
Verifying Reachability in Networks with Mutable Datapaths

Recent work has made great progress in verifying the forwarding correctness of networks . However, these approaches cannot be used to verify networks containing middleboxes, such as caches and firewalls, whose forwarding behavior depends on previously observed traffic. We explore how to verify reachability properties for networks that include such "mutable datapath" elements. We want our verification results to hold not just for the given network, but also in the presence of failures. The main challenge lies in scaling the approach to handle large and complicated networks, We address by developing and leveraging the concept of slices, which allow network-wide verification to only require analyzing small portions of the network. We show that with slices the time required to verify an invariant on many production networks is independent of the size of the network itself.
Teaching “design first” interleaved with object-oriented programming in a software engineering course

The importance of teaching a solid design methodology is well-recognized and is the goal of many software development courses. There is an ongoing debate concerning how to approach the learning and teaching of this skill, i.e., by focusing on “design first” by means of the UML formalism or by “OO programming first”, deferring the development of UML specifications. This work presents a teaching experience and curriculum content where a “design-first” approach was used to teach Object Oriented Design, incrementally interleaved with Object Oriented Programming aimed at implementing the modeled software through laboratory activities. Working in groups allowed the students to improve communication and collaboration skills, and the use of web 2.0 technologies, such as a wiki, allowed for better course management and for the deployment of a project involving all the students. This approach was used in two year-long courses with students who had slightly different backgrounds and dispositions. Also presented are a preliminary analysis of the written examinations and laboratory exercises; an analysis of common errors and student misconceptions and a preliminary quantitative measure of the results.
Cobedding and Recovery Time After Heel Lance in Preterm Twins: Results of a Randomized Trial

OBJECTIVES: Cobedding of preterm twin infants provides tactile, olfactory, and auditory stimulation and may affect pain reactivity. We carried out a randomized trial to assess the effect of cobedding on pain reactivity and recovery in preterm twin neonates. METHODS: Stable preterm twins (n = 67 sets) between 28 and 36 weeks of gestational age were randomly assigned to a cobedding group (cared for in the same incubator or crib) or a standard care group (cared for in separate incubators or cribs). Pain response (determined by the Premature Infant Pain Profile [PIPP]) and time to return to physiologic baseline parameters were compared between groups with adjustment for the nonindependence of twin infants. RESULTS: Maternal and infant characteristics were not significantly different between twin infants in the cobedding and standard care groups except for 5-minute Apgar <7 and postnatal age and corrected gestational age on the day of the heel lance. Mean PIPP scores were not different between groups at 30, 60, or 120 seconds. At 90 seconds, mean PIPP scores were higher in the cobedding group (6.0 vs 5.0, P = .04). Recovery time was shorter in the cobedding group compared with the standard care group, (mean = 75.6 seconds versus 142.1 seconds, P = .001). No significant adverse events were associated with cobedding. Adjustment for nonindependence between twins and differences in baseline characteristics did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS: Cobedding enhanced the physiologic recovery of preterm twins undergoing heel lance, but did not lead to lower pain scores.
Experimental assessment of end-to-end behavior on Internet

A simple experiment designed to capture the end-to-end behavior of the Internet is described. The measurements indicate that the IP level service provided in the network yields high losses, duplicates, and reorderings of packets. In addition, the round-trip transit delay varies significantly. These measurements indicate that the network may have several problems which still need to be analyzed in order to improve the efficiency of protocols and control mechanisms that it uses. <<ETX>>
Dynamic trace-based analysis of vectorization potential of applications

Recent hardware trends with GPUs and the increasing vector lengths of SSE-like ISA extensions for multicore CPUs imply that effective exploitation of SIMD parallelism is critical for achieving high performance on emerging and future architectures. A vast majority of existing applications were developed without any attention by their developers towards effective vectorizability of the codes. While developers of production compilers such as GNU gcc, Intel icc, PGI pgcc, and IBM xlc have invested considerable effort and made significant advances in enhancing automatic vectorization capabilities, these compilers still cannot effectively vectorize many existing scientific and engineering codes. It is therefore of considerable interest to analyze existing applications to assess the inherent latent potential for SIMD parallelism, exploitable through further compiler advances and/or via manual code changes. In this paper we develop an approach to infer a program's SIMD parallelization potential by analyzing the dynamic data-dependence graph derived from a sequential execution trace. By considering only the observed run-time data dependences for the trace, and by relaxing the execution order of operations to allow any dependence-preserving reordering, we can detect potential SIMD parallelism that may otherwise be missed by more conservative compile-time analyses. We show that for several benchmarks our tool discovers regions of code within computationally-intensive loops that exhibit high potential for SIMD parallelism but are not vectorized by state-of-the-art compilers. We present several case studies of the use of the tool, both in identifying opportunities to enhance the transformation capabilities of vectorizing compilers, as well as in pointing to code regions to manually modify in order to enable auto-vectorization and performance improvement by existing compilers.