Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMDA receptor hypofunction phase-couples independent gamma oscillations in the rat visual cortex. Authors:

NMDA receptor hypofunction phase-couples independent gamma oscillations in the rat visual cortex. Abstract Hallucinations, a hallmark of psychosis, can be induced by the psychotomimetic NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and phencyclidine and are associated with hypersynchronization in the gamma frequency band, but it is unknown how reduced interneuron activation, associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction can cause hypersynchronisation or distorted perception. Low-frequency gamma oscillations (LFγ) and high-frequency gamma oscillations (HFγ) serve different aspects of perception. Here we test whether ketamine and phencyclidine are able to affect the interactions between HFγ and LFγ in the rat visual cortex in vitro. In slices of the rat visual cortex kainate and carbachol induced LFγ (~34 Hz at 32 ºC) in layer V and HFγ (~54 Hz) in layer III of the same cortical column. In control HFγ and LFγ were independent and pyramidal neurons recorded in layer III were entrained by HFγ, but not by LFγ. Sub-anaesthetic concentrations of ketamine selectively decelerated HFγ by 22 Hz (EC 50 = 2.7 µM), to match the frequency of LFγ in layer V. This caused phase-coupling of the two gamma oscillations, increased spatial coherence in layer III and entrained the firing of layer III pyramidal neurons by LFγ in layer V. Phencyclidine similarly decelerated HFγ by 22 Hz (EC 50 = 0.16 µM), causing cross-layer phase-coupling of gamma oscillations. Selective NMDA receptor antagonism, selective NR2B subunit-containing receptor antagonism and reduced D-serine levels caused a similar selective deceleration of HFγ, whereas increasing NMDA receptor activation through exogenous NMDA, D-serine or mGluR group 1 agonism selectively accelerated HFγ. The NMDA-receptor hypofunction-induced phase-coupling of the normally independent gamma-generating networks is likely to cause abnormal cross-layer interactions, which may Vreugdenhil 3 distort perceptions due to aberrant matching of top-down information with bottom-up information. If decelerated HFγ and subsequent cross-layer synchronisation also underlies pathological psychosis, acceleration of HFγ could be the target for improved antipsychotic therapy.
Performance Analysis of Various Scheduling Algorithms for Real-time Systems Composed of Aperiodic and Periodic Tasks

We consider a simulation tool for the study of scheduling algorithms for real-time systems composed of periodic and aperiodic tasks. We rst introduce the scheduling problem of real-time systems, we present popular scheduling algorithms for periodic tasks with hard deadlines, and then we consider the case of mix systems, composed of periodic as well aperiodic tasks and we brieey present the various popular scheduling algorithms for these kind of systems. After that, we describe our simulation tool and deene the metrics we use to compare the performances of the various servers. In a next section, we present results of simulations and classify the aperiodic servers. In this section , we also present strategies to improve the performances of the various scheduling algorithms. Finally, we give some concluding remarks.
Magnetars in the Metagalaxy: An Origin for Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in the Nearby Universe

I show that the relativistic winds of newly born magnetars (neutron stars with petagauss surface magnetic fields) with initial spin rates close to the centrifugal breakup limit, occurring in all normal galaxies with massive star formation, can provide a source of ultrarelativistic light ions with an E-1 injection spectrum, steepening to E-2 at higher energies, with an upper cutoff at 1021-1022 eV. Interactions with the cosmic microwave background yield a spectrum at the Earth that compares favorably with the spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) observed at energies up to a few times 1020 eV. The fit to the observations suggests that ~5%-10% of the magnetars are born with rotation rates and voltages sufficiently high to allow the acceleration of the UHECR. The form the spectrum incident on the Earth takes depends sensitively on the mechanism and the magnitude of gravitational wave losses during the early spin-down of these neutron stars: pure electromagnetic spin-down (the E-1 injection spectrum) yields a GZK feature [a flattening of the E3J(E) spectrum] below 1020 eV, rather than a cutoff, while a moderate GZK cutoff appears if gravitational wave losses are strong enough to steepen the injection spectrum above 1020 eV. The flux above 1020 eV comes from magnetars in relatively nearby galaxies (D < 50 Mpc). I outline the probable physics of acceleration of such particles in a magnetar's wind: it is a form of "surf-riding" in the approximately force-free fields of the wind. I also show how the high-energy particles can escape with small energy losses from the magnetars' natal supernovae. In particular, I show that the electromagnetic energy emitted by the magnetar "shreds" the supernova envelope in times short enough to allow most of the relativistic energy to escape largely unimpeded into the surrounding interstellar medium, where it drives a relativistic blast wave that expands to parsec scale before slowing down to nonrelativistic speeds. I also show that since the ions are accelerated in a region where the magnetic field has the structure of a strong electromagnetic wave but propagate at larger radii through a region of weaker magnetic field near the rotational equator of the outflow, the ultra-high-energy particles escape with negligible adiabatic and radiation losses. The requirement that the magnetars' relativistic winds not overproduce interstellar supershells and unusually large supernova remnants suggests that most of the initial spin-down energy is radiated in kilohertz gravitational waves for several hours after each supernova. For typical distances to events that contribute to E > 100 EeV air showers, the model predicts gravitational wave strains ~3 × 10-21. Such bursts of gravitational radiation should correlate with bursts of ultra-high-energy particles. The Auger experiment should see bursts of particles with energy above 100 EeV every few years.
Incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury in burned service members: preliminary report.

BACKGROUND Although sustaining physical injury in theater increases service members' risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), exposure to explosive munitions may increase the risk of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We hypothesized a higher incidence of PTSD and mTBI in service members who sustained both burn and explosion injuries than in nonexplosion exposed service members. METHODS A retrospective review of PTSD and mTBI assessments was completed on burned service members between September 2005 and August 2006. Subjects were divided into cohort groups: (1) PTSD and mTBI, (2) PTSD and no mTBI, (3) mTBI and no PTSD, (4) no mTBI and no PTSD. Specific criteria used for group classification were based on subjects' total score on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Military version (PCL-M), clinical interview, and record review to meet American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine criteria for mTBI. Descriptive analyses were used. RESULTS Seventy-six service members met the inclusion criteria. The incidence rate of PTSD was 32% and mTBI was 41%. Eighteen percent screened positive for PTSD and mTBI; 13% screened positive for PTSD, but not mTBI; 23% screened positive for mTBI but not PTSD; 46% did not screen positive for either PTSD or mTBI. CONCLUSION Given the high incidence of these disorders in burned service members, further screening of PTSD and TBI appears warranted. Because symptom presentation in PTSD and mTBI is clinically similar in acute and subacute stages, and treatments can vary widely, further research investigating symptom profiles of PTSD and mTBI is warranted.
Why One-shot Information Literacy Sessions Are Not the Future of Instruction: A Case for Online Credit Courses

This paper reports on a research project that examined the test scores of students who took part in an online information literacy course. Researchers analyzed the pre- and post-test scores of students who received different types of instruction including a traditional one-shot library session and an online course. Results show that students who participated in the online course demonstrated significant improvement in their test scores compared to the other students. This study shows freshman students’ needs for more comprehensive information literacy instruction. It also shows that information literacy instruction can be effective when delivered online.
Statistics on storage management in a lazy functional language implementation

The aim of the FAST project is to provide an implementation of a lazy functional language on a transputer array. An important component of this system is a highly optimising compiler and runtime system for a single transputer. Efficient storage management is crucial in such an implementation, and this paper explores the demands placed on the storage manager by our compiled code. Statistics are presented illustrating the lifetime characteristics of cells, a break down of claimed cells by type, and other information which is of interest to the designer of a storage management system. We conclude that most cells are short lived, and that cell turnover is quite high. In addition, application cells are found to die much younger than cells of other types. We also examine the effect of vector apply cells on suspension forming activities. Finally we explore the possibility of using contextual information when predicting the lifetime of application and vector application cells, and suggest ways of using this information in an effective storage management policy.
Density profiles of dark matter haloes on galactic and cluster scales

Aims. In the present paper, we improve the “extended secondary infall model” (ESIM) of Williams and collaborators to obtain further insights into the cusp/core problem. Methods. A secondary infall model close to the collapse reality is obtained by simultaneously taking into account effects that till now have been studied separately, namely ordered and random angular momentum, dynamical friction, and baryon adiabatic contraction. The model is applied to structures on galactic scales (normal and dwarf spiral galaxies) and on galaxy cluster scales. Results. Our results imply that angular momentum and dynamical friction are able, on galactic scales, of overcoming the competing effect of adiabatic contraction and eliminating the Cusp. The NFW profile is not the standard outcome of the model, and it can be recovered in our model only if the system consists entirely of dark matter and the magnitude of angular momentum and dynamical friction are lower than the values predicted by the model itself. Comparison of the rotation curves of LSB galaxies with the results of our model are in good agreement. On scales smaller than � 10 11 h −1 M� , the slope is α � 0, and on cluster scales we observe a similar evolution in the dark matter density profile but in this case the density profile slope flattens to α � 0.7 for a cluster of � 10 14 h −1 M� . The total mass profile differs from that of dark matter showing a central cusp that is reproduced by a NFW model.
Validity Evidence for the SUCCESS Survey: Measuring Non-Cognitive and Affective Traits of Engineering and Computing Students

This research paper examines the validity evidence from an exploratory factor analysis for a pilot of the SUCCESS survey (Studying Underlying Characteristics for Computing and Engineering Student Success). This survey was developed to measure underlying factors that may influence student success including personality, community, grit, thriving, identity, mindset, motivation, perceptions of faculty caring, stress, gratitude, self-control, mindfulness, and belongingness. We measure these underlying factors because each engineering and computing student admitted to a university has clear potential for academic and personal success in their undergraduate curriculum from admissions criteria, however, while some thrive academically, others flounder. In this project, we ask, “Why is it that highly credentialed and previously successful students do not see the same success in college? ” We posit that some collection of characteristics— apparently not visible on their admission applications and perhaps not related to their talent or intelligence—is an important piece of the student performance puzzle. We developed a survey to measure various non-cognitive and affective factors that we believe are important for student achievement, academically, personally, and professionally. These non-cognitive and affective factors are representative of multifaceted aspects of undergraduate student success in prior literature. Each of the constructs we chose had validity evidence from prior studies, some within an engineering population. We piloted the survey across two different universities, one West Coast and one Midwest ( n = 490), in Summer 2017. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to evaluate instrument performance to decide which items to include in the national release of the survey in Fall 2017. Our results provide preliminary validity evidence for items that measure various non-cognitive and affective factors. The wide-ranging constructs within the SUCCESS survey provide multiple pathways to understand students’ likelihood for success in engineering and computing. Our future work includes distributing this survey to over a dozen universities across the U.S., yielding a broad dataset of non-cognitive profiles of engineering and computing students broadly. In parallel, we will link these results with students’ registrar information at three study sites to develop predictive models for student success.
A high molecular weight soluble fraction of tempeh protects against fluid losses in Escherichia coli-infected piglet small intestine

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhoea in children and piglets. Infection of ETEC results in fluid secretion and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. In this study the effects of tempeh, a traditional fungal fermented soyabean product, on fluid losses induced by ETEC infection in piglets was investigated. Pairs of ETEC-infected and non-infected small intestinal segments of piglets were perfused simultaneously for 8 h with pre-digested tempeh, its supernatant and saline as an internal control. In saline perfused segments, ETEC infection reduced net fluid absorption by more than 500 μl/cm2, whereas this reduction was significantly less for pre-digested tempeh and its supernatant (75 and 282 μl/cm2, respectively). The supernatant of pre-digested tempeh was also compared with its permeate and retentate fractions. These fractions were created by ultra-filtration and contained respectively low and high molecular weight (>5 kDa) compounds. Again ETEC infection caused a significant reduction of net fluid absorption when perfused with saline (386 μl/cm2) and also with the permeate fraction (300 μl/cm2), but much less with the supernatant and the retentate fraction (125 and 140 μl/cm2, respectively). The reduction in net fluid absorption upon ETEC infection when perfused with supernatant of either undigested or pre-digested tempeh was not different. Therefore from this study it can be concluded that a high molecular weight soluble fraction of tempeh is able to protect against fluid losses induced by ETEC, suggesting that this could play a potential role in controlling ETEC-induced diarrhoea.
How Do Regulations Affect SMEs? A Review of the Qualitative Evidence and a Research Agenda

The effects of regulations on SMEs have garnered significant political attention internationally yet, in the academic literature, these effects remain contested. This article presents findings from a systematic literature review of qualitative evidence on the effects of regulation on SMEs. We set out the strengths of qualitative approaches in relation to other, more dominant and influential quantitative approaches. We conduct a thematic synthesis of the qualitative research to develop a conceptual framework that provides a processual, embedded understanding of the effects of regulations on SMEs. The conceptual framework highlights four key, interconnected processes: identification-interpretation; strategisation; negotiation; adaptation. This conceptual framework generates insights into dynamic and potentially indirect effects of regulations in relation to a complex array of influences external to and within the business. On the basis of these insights we propose a new research agenda.
Long-Term Body Weight Maintenance among StrongWomen–Healthy Hearts Program Participants

Background. The repeated loss and regain of body weight, referred to as weight cycling, may be associated with negative health complications. Given today's obesity epidemic and related interventions to address obesity, it is increasingly important to understand contexts and factors associated with weight loss maintenance. This study examined BMI among individuals who had previously participated in a 12-week, evidence-based, nationally disseminated nutrition and physical activity program designed for overweight and obese middle-aged and older women. Methods. Data were collected using follow-up surveys. Complete height and weight data were available for baseline, 12-week program completion (post-program) and follow-up (approximately 3 years later) for 154 women (response rate = 27.5%; BMI characteristics did not differ between responders and nonresponders). Results. Mean BMI decreased significantly from baseline to post-program (−0.5, P < 0.001) and post-program to follow-up (−0.7, P < 0.001). Seventy-five percent of survey respondents maintained or decreased BMI post-program to follow-up. Self-efficacy and social support for healthy eating behaviors (but not physical activity) were associated with BMI maintenance or additional weight loss. Conclusions. These findings support the durability of weight loss following participation in a relatively short-term intervention.
Mental Illness as a Stigmatized Identity

In this study, we examine the relationships among reflected appraisals, self-views, and well-being for individuals diagnosed with severe and persistent mental illness. We also test a perceptual control model of identity to determine whether discrepancies between stigmatized reflected appraisals and stigmatized self-views are associated with self-evaluation (self-esteem and self-efficacy) and psychological distress (depressive symptoms). We find that stigmatized self-views are significantly associated with lower self-esteem and self-efficacy and higher levels of depressive symptoms. Stigmatized reflected appraisals are also associated with lower self-efficacy and higher depressive symptoms but are not associated with self-esteem. As predicted, discrepancies between reflected appraisals and self-views are associated with lower levels of self-efficacy and higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, we do not find a relationship between identity discrepancy and self-esteem. We discuss the implications of our findings for identity and stigma research.
A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options

I use a new technique to derive a closed-form solution for the price of a European call option on an asset with stochastic volatility. The model allows arbitrary correlation between volatility and spot-asset returns. I introduce stochastic interest rates and show how to apply the model to bond options and foreign currency options. Simulations show that correlation between volatility and the spot asset's price is important for explaining return skewness and strike-price biases in the Black-Scholes (1973) model. The solution technique is based on characteristic functions and can be applied to other problems. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Structure of Rhenium-Containing Sodium Borosilicate Glass

A series of sodium borosilicate glasses were synthesized with increasing fractions of KReO4 or Re2O7, to 10000 ppm (1 mass%) target Re in glass, to assess the effects of large concentrations of rhenium on glass structure and to estimate the solubility of technetium, a radioactive component in typical low active waste nuclear waste glasses. Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were performed to characterize the glasses as a function of Re source additions. In general, silicon was found coordinated in a mixture of Q2 and Q3 structural units, while Al was 4-coordinated and B was largely 3-coordinate and partially 4-coordinated. The rhenium source did not appear to have significant effects on the glass structure. Thus, at the up to the concentrations that remain in dissolved in glass, ~3000 ppm Re by mass maximum. , the Re appeared to be neither a glass-former nor a strong glass modifier. , Rhenium likely exists in isolated ReO4- anions in the interstices of the glass network, as evidenced by the polarized Raman spectrum of the Re glass in the absence of sulfate. Analogous to SO42-¬ in similar glasses, ReO4- is likely a network modifier and formsmore » alkali salt phases on the surface and in the bulk glass above solubility. « less
Givers and Receivers : Inter Vivos Transfers in the Case of Migrants to Australia *

______________________________________________________________________________ This study analyses the characteristics of both recipients and givers of private transfers from a sample of Australian migrants. It utilises a unique longitudinal household survey conducted on immigrants entering Australia with permanent residency. Sample selection bias that arises from the limited observations that do remit and receive transfers is accounted for through the use of a two-step random effects model. The results suggest that many characteristics of givers are shared by recipients as well: young, well-educated migrants with their parents living away from them are the most likely to be engaged in both receiving and sending private transfers. On the other hand, improvements in the economic status of a migrant in the host country tend to reduce receipts but increase remittances. The identification of factors that encourage receipts into a migrant-hosting country suggest that the net benefits of remittances may be overrated due to the ignorance of the initial private flows that were channelled to the migrant. Additionally, highly educated migrants are more likely to receive and, given that they have received, receive larger amounts of private transfers: this suggests that private transfers from parent to child, rather than being compensatory, will further reinforce the wealth gap that exists between children with low and high amounts of human capital. ________________________________________________________________________________ JEL CLASSIFICATION: C34, D13, D64, F22
Empirical Performance Comparison for Symbolic and Subsymbolic Learning Systems

The paper gives a description of a comparative study of two learning systems based on symbolic and subsymbolic learning. The two systems' performance was analyzed using the overall empirical error rate. The performance was determined for individual stages in a multi-stage knowledge acquisition process, and learning curves were produced. The comparison was conducted using the same collection of 332 examples of optimal (minimum weight) designs of wind bracings in steel skeleton structures of tall buildings.