Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of attractiveness in female adolescents, university students, and mothers with experience viewing immature faces

This study used a computerized perceptual task to delineate the most attractive location of faces' internal features for female adolescents (M age = 17.4 years), female university students, and, for comparison, mothers with experience viewing immature faces. Compared to university students, adolescents and mothers created female schematic faces with larger ratios of forehead length to chin length—yielding a larger forehead and smaller chin. University students as a group selected an optimal location of features that was close to average, i.e., faces with medium-sized forehead and chin. Furthermore, only for the university sample was there a positive correlation between feature location and standing height, suggesting that preferred faces for adult women (non-parents) depend on typical viewing angle of mature faces from above or below eye level. These results support developmental changes and individual differences in aesthetic preferences arising, at least in part, from the facial proportions encountered in people's everyday lives.
An Empirically Based Method of Q‐Matrix Validation for the DINA Model: Development and Applications

Most model fit analyses in cognitive diagnosis assume that a Q matrix is correct after it has been constructed, without verifying its appropriateness. Consequently, any model misfit attributable to the Q matrix cannot be addressed and remedied. To address this concern, this paper proposes an empirically based method of validating a Q matrix used in conjunction with the DINA model. The proposed method can be implemented with other considerations such as substantive information about the items, or expert knowledge about the domain, to produce a more integrative framework of Q-matrix validation. The paper presents the theoretical foundation for the proposed method, develops an algorithm for its practical implementation, and provides real and simulated data applications to examine its viability. Relevant issues regarding the implementation of the method are discussed.
Psychological Control and Autonomy Granting: Opposite Ends of a Continuum or Distinct Constructs?

This article explores the relationship between parental psychological control and parental autonomy granting, and the relations between these constructs and indicators of adolescent psychosocial functioning, in a sample of 9,564 adolescents from grades 9 to 12. Participants completed a comprehensive parenting questionnaire as well as several measures of psychosocial adjustment. Confirmatory factor analyses of the parenting items revealed discrete factors for psychological control and autonomy granting, suggesting that these are distinct parenting constructs rather than opposite ends of a parental control continuum. Moreover, structural equation modeling showed that these factors were weakly correlated and differentially related to adolescent internalizing symptoms. Findings have implications for future conceptualization and measurement of psychological control and autonomy granting, and for research examining their effects on adolescent development.
Ethnocentrism, Social Identification, and Discrimination

In line with social identity theory (SIT), minimal group paradigm (MGP) studies have shown that high in-group identifiers discriminate more than low in-group identifiers. But why do some people identify more to their ad hoc group in the MGP? One week prior to a MGP study, 121 undergraduates completed scales assessing their ethnocentrism, authoritarianism, and personal need for structure. In Phase 2, the same participants took part in a MGP study in which us-them categorization was either assigned randomly or was chosen. Participants who chose their group membership identified more with their own group and discriminated more than respondents randomly assigned to their group. Path analysis showed that ethnocentrism and perception of control over group ascription predicted degree of in-group identification, which in turn, was positively related to discriminatory behavior.
Exploring the time prediction process: the effects of task experience and complexity on prediction accuracy

Whilst considerable research shows that people tend to underestimate their task completion times, there is little research concerning factors that mediate the time prediction process. In Experiments 1 to 3 a simple, well-structured task, the 3-disk Tower of Hanoi, showed no evidence of underestimation; in fact, participants consistently overestimated the duration of this task. However, predictions were more accurate among participants who acquired some task experience beforehand. Task complexity was also found to be an important factor since the more cognitively complex 4- and 5-disk versions produced less biased predictions. Using a cognitively undemanding disk movement task, we found a general temporal overestimation in Experiment 4, thus suggesting that task duration might be responsible for the general lack of underestimation in the present studies. These results have implications for the planning of tasks in everyday life, and also suggest conditions under which time prediction accuracy can be improved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distress and empathy: two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences.

The construct of empathy may be located conceptually at several different points in the network of interpersonal cognition and emotion. We discuss one specific form of emotional empathy--other-focused feelings evoked by perceiving another person in need. First, evidence is reviewed suggesting that there are at least two distinct types of congruent emotional responses to perceiving another in need: feelings of personal distress (e.g., alarmed, upset, worried, disturbed, distressed, troubled, etc.) and feelings of empathy (e.g., sympathetic, moved, compassionate, tender, warm, softhearted, etc.). Next, evidence is reviewed suggesting that these two emotional responses have different motivational consequences. Personal distress seems to evoke egoistic motivation to reduce one's own aversive arousal, as a traditional Hullian tension-reduction model would propose. Empathy does not. The motivation evoked by empathy may instead be altruistic, for the ultimate goal seems to be reduction of the other's need, not reduction of one's own aversive arousal. Overall, the recent empirical evidence appears to support the more differentiated view of emotion and motivation proposed long ago by McDougall, not the unitary view proposed by Hull and his followers.
Relational and overt aggression in urban India

This study explored the associations between relational and overt aggression and social status, and tested whether the peer correlates of aggression vary as a function of best friends’ aggression during early adolescence in urban India. One hundred and ninety-four young adolescents from primarily middle-to-upper-class families in Surat, India participated. Analyses revealed unique associations between both forms of aggression and perceived popularity, and between relational aggression and social preference. The consideration of best friend aggression (and in one case, gender) explained some variability in the associations between both forms of aggression and the peer correlates, suggesting that the consideration of best friends’ aggression, particularly in complex and changing non-Western societies such as India, may lead to new insight into why not all aggressive adolescents are disliked and popular.
THE BUMPY ROAD OF ASSIMILATION: GENDER, PHENOTYPE, AND HISTORICAL ERA

Gender, phenotype, and historical era powerfully shape the life experiences, identities, and cultures of Mexican-origin families. Using interview data from three-generation Mexican-American families, second-generation Mexican-American women were inclined to revivify their heritage upon marriage or childbearing whereas men underwent the gendered racialization process of U.S. military service. Among the third generation, skin color determines the relevance or irrelevance of “symbolic ethnicity. ” Women engaged in a “third-generation return” to ethnicity far more than men, revealing gendered expectations of cultural transmission. This article advances assimilation theory by identifying fractures within generations—gender, phenotype and historical context—that steer incorporation processes.
Cultural Influences on Group Learning in an ESL Classroom

This study investigated the role of learners’ culture in their choice of learning preference. It took a closer look at how students cultural norms influenced collaborative writing performance. A survey approach was employed via a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to tringulate the findings. Two Institutions were involved in this study, Institutin A comprised of Malay learners while Chinese learners represented Instituion B. The findings suggest that students’ learning is embedded in rich culture and attributes and as they interacted in their groups, they demonstrated positive values such as unity, tolerance, obedience and respectfulness. These values were more obvious among learners in Institution A. These leaners revealed that since young they have been instilled to practice and appreciate their culture and customs and this was seen in the way they interacted in the classroom. The students were sharing ideas politely and practising their cultural values even in the academic context. A few self-centred learners also changed their social behaviour from a selfish attitude to a more sharing and accommodating behaviour by the end of the study. At Institution B, some learners demonstrated positive values like unity and sharing attitude but they did not practice them throughout their group work. They were more individualistic and preferred individual work. It was apparent that the students’ cultural virtues transcended from the social to the academic setting and have become a part of their life. This paper concludes that cooperative group work is effective because of the students’ embedded values and culture, and that culture is a dominant controlling factor that impacts one’s way of learning and communicating in a formal ESL academic setting.
Sofosbuvir plus simeprevir for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: a review of evidence

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sofosbuvir (SOF) with simeprevir (SIM) combination was the first interferon-free regimen that reached optimal results in terms of sustained viral response (SVR). Areas covered: A systematic review of the scientific literature concerning the effects that the SOF/SIM combination had on hepatitis C genotype 1 patients yielded 771 references. After the revision process, four clinical trials and 15 observational studies met the inclusion criteria; in total, these studies involved 5,766 patients. The SVR ranged from 67% to 100% depending on the patients’ viral subtype and cirrhosis status. Adverse effects were common, but treatment discontinuation related to drug toxicity occurred in less than 5% of cases. Expert commentary: The SOF/SIM combination exhibits efficacy and tolerability profiles that are similar to those of the other available interferon-free combinations used for non-cirrhotic genotype 1b patients. Meanwhile, for patients with advanced cirrhosis or genotype 1a, this approach cannot be considered a routine treatment option due to the unsatisfactory results.
Vivid Moments Long Remembered: The Lifetime Impact of Elementary School Musical Theatre

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii DEDICATION iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Personal Experience with the Phenomenon 2 Definition of Key Terms 5 Context for the Research 5 Overview of the Thesis 8 CHAPTER 2: RELATED LITERATURE 10 Arts Education in Context 10 Arts-based Outcomes 12 Appreciation. 12 Performance. 13 Creativity. 14 Arts-Related Outcomes 16 Metacognition. 16 Working and long-term memory 17 General cognitive and attitudinal habits of mind. 18 Ancillary Outcomes 19 The Long-Term Impact of Arts Experiences and Schooling 24 Adult Perceptions of Long-Term Impact of Arts Involvement 25
Child Perceptions of Teacher Interpersonal Behavior and Associations with Mathematics Achievement in Dutch Early Grade Classrooms

This study analyzed children's generalized perceptions of teacher interpersonal behavior in terms of two dimensions, control and affiliation, referring to the degree of teacher leadership/management and teacher friendliness/cooperation in the classroom, respectively. An adapted version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction was developed for children ages 6–9. The association between teacher interpersonal behavior and mathematics achievement was investigated by analyzing data from 828 first and second graders in 40 classes across 24 primary schools in the Netherlands. Results revealed the presence of the two interpersonal dimensions with acceptable reliability. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that teacher control and affiliation were positively associated with mathematics achievement, after controlling for mid-year achievement. Control and affiliation each had a partially unique contribution. A differential role of affiliation, but not of control, was found across classes. Our results provided evidence that child perceptions of teacher's control and affiliation are important predictors of early academic achievement.
Complex permittivity and anisotropy measurement of 3D-printed PLA at microwaves and millimeter-waves

The use of 3D-printing based on extrusion depositing technologies for electromagnetic applications (such as dielectric antenna design or human mimicking tissues) is increasing as a low cost alternative to other small-scale fabrication technologies. As a result, it is of utmost scientific interest to know the exact dielectric properties of commercially available printable materials, such as polylactide acid (PLA). The extrusion depositing process may originate an anisotropic behavior of the material permittivity especially at mm-waves. We investigate this plastic's complex permittivity across the microwave spectrum from 0.5 GHz to 20 GHz and at 40 GHz and 60 GHz. We propose a new indirect method for the complex permittivity determination at microwave frequencies based on a microstrip line with stubs and a superstrate. At 40 GHz and 60 GHz, the printed PLA samples are characterized using waveguide and open resonator methods. Results show that throughout the tested frequency range the dielectric constant along the normal direction to the printing surface is around 2.75±0.05 and tan δ = (1.1±0.2)×10−2. However, at least for the tested mm-wave bands, the dielectric constant along the parallel direction to the printing surface is around 2.96, corresponding to nearly 7% anisotropy.
Employee Job Search

Job search behaviors occur across various contexts, involving diverse populations of job seekers searching for employment opportunities. In particular, individuals may search for their first jobs following a period of education, may seek reemployment following job loss, or may search for new opportunities while currently employed. Research in each of these contexts has evolved somewhat separately, yet there is value to applying the ideas and findings from one search context to other search contexts. The purpose of this article is to review the prior research in each of the three job search contexts and offer an integrative analysis of the predictors, processes, consequences, and varying objectives of job search behavior across an individual’s potential employment situations (i.e., new entrant, job loser, employed job seeker). Implications for future research on job search behavior are discussed.
Decision of Union Workers to Participate in Employee Involvement: an Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the ability of the theory of planned behaviour to predict worker intent towards an employee involvement (EI) programme, and the impact of union identification on workers’ decision making.Design/methodology/approach – Union workers at a small manufacturing company in the Midwestern United States completed two questionnaires. The first questionnaire provided measures of the attitudinal, normative, and behavioural control components of the theory of planned behaviour and the degree to which they identified with their labour union. In the second questionnaire, the same respondents answered questions to measure their intention to support or oppose an employee involvement (EI) programme.Findings – Intentions to support EI were accurately predicted from attitudes, normative support, and perceived behavioural control (0.05 level). Level of union identification moderated the impact of attitudes on intention to support EI for workers that did not identify heavily with .
Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures

EHRI, LINNEA C. DO Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 502-505. Children and adult reader.s were asked to label 2 sets of pictures, 1 drawti with either eorrect word labels or diserepaiit labels, and the other with no labels (control condition). Results supported previous conclusions that discrepant words interfere with picture-naming speed and congruent words enhance speed. Interference was evident in all subjects except a group of below-average second-grade readers, apparently because it took them as long to recognize the words as to name the pictures. In a recent issue of Child Development, Rosinski, Golinkoff, and Kukish (1975) describe a most interesting phenomenon evident in the performances of second- as well a.s sixth-grade readers and adults, a phenomenon resembling the Stroop color-word interference effect (Stroop 1935). In this study, stibjects were asked to label drawings of 20 familiar objects arranged in five rows on a sheet of paper. Printed in the middle of each object was a word. In the 100% congruence condition, idl the words correctly labeled the pictures. In the 0% congruence condition, none of the words matched. The subjects were told to ignore the words as they named the pictures. The time taken to identify all 20 pictures was recorded. Results revealed that it took subjects much longer to label pictures with discrepant labels than with correct labels. Furthermore, differencjes between the discrepant and congruent conditions were greater among younger than older subjects. In a second experiment, another condition was added, one in which nonsense trigrams rhyming with the correct labels served as the printed distractors. Findings indicated that subjects took less time to label pictures with trigrams than pictures with discrepant: words, but they took substantially longer in the trigram condition than in the congrttent word condition. Rosinski et al. conclude that picturelabeling behavior is influenced by the presence of printed words and that the presence of discrepant words has the effect of interfering with pieturelabeling performance, especially among younger subjects.
Behavioral Activation Links to Creativity Because of Increased Cognitive Flexibility

Previous work suggests that trait behavioral activation may link to creativity, a possibility the authors empirically examine in this article. This research is grounded in the dual pathway to creativity model and experiments on approach orientation, and the authors propose that behavioral activation potentiates creativity when and because it facilitates global and flexible processing. Four experiments support this hypothesis and also reveal that when external cues sustain or facilitate local and bottom-up processing, trait behavioral activation negatively relates to creativity. Possible explanations and avenues for new research are discussed.
Mothers Choose: Reasons for Enrolling Their Children in a Two-Way Immersion Program

This article reports a qualitative study of the reasons mothers chose to enroll their children in a Spanish/English two-way immersion (TWI) Program in Central Texas. Some of the mothers' reasons varied, and others overlap. All mothers expressed the belief that the program would provide their children with more opportunities, cognitive benefits, and an increased ability to communicate, confirming earlier studies. The qualitative nature of this study allows for a more in-depth and nuanced look at the reasons why parents from varying backgrounds chose to enroll their children in a Spanish/English TWI program.
The Importance of Marking Criteria in the Use of Peer Assessment

Abstract This paper reports a study which implemented and evaluated a method of peer assessment, as a formative and summative assessment procedure. Pairs of first‐year undergraduate biology students were asked to complete a poster assignment on a specific aspect of nerve physiology. This paper contains details of a method which allows student peer and tutor marking of work against the individual marking criteria to be evaluated. The results show that a comparison between the tutor and the student peer mark may be misleading as a guide to the validity of peer assessment. The importance of considering the individual sections of the marking criteria is illustrated. It was found that when the individual criteria were analysed the number of students marking the same as the tutor ranged from 31% to 62%. It also became clear that specific areas of the marking criteria were prone to over and under‐marking. Analysis of student feedback forms showed that students not only liked carrying out peer assessment, but fel.
Neuron precursor features of spindle cell oncocytoma of adenohypophysis.

CONTEXT Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis (SCO) is a non-endocrine neoplasm with few recurrent forms described. It arises from the folliculo-stellate cells of the adenohypophysis. OBJECTIVE We describe a case of SCO in a 24-year-old woman and provide pathogenetic information. DESIGN Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry, with controls, for S100, SMI-311, neurofilament, EMA, CD68, GFAP, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and Ki67 were performed. CD44, nestin, Gli2, p-Akt(Ser 473) and p-mTOR(Ser 2448) antibodies were applied, and each analyte's cellular distribution and intensity were noted. RESULTS H&E showed a proliferation of spindle and polygonal cells with a fascicular pattern, without mitoses. There was reactivity for SMI-311, CD44, nestin, S100, EMA, and vimentin. Neurofilament, CD68, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and GFAP were not expressed. p-Akt and p-mTOR were expressed suggesting mTORC2. Gli2 showed nuclear expression in the tumoral cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SCO has neuron-like precursor cells. Sonic hedgehog and mTOR pathways are activated.
Perceived reasons and consequences of work absence: A survey of French-speaking employees in Quebec.

Abstract This study follows a descriptive approach to the study of absence behaviour. A sample of workers representative of the French-speaking population of the Greater Montreal area were interviewed by telephone to gather their perceptions on absence. Respondents reported their absence reasons, the consequences of absences, the absence policies in force by their employer as well as their own absence levels. The results indicate that employees are more likely to be absent for reasons of non-work constraints than for work-related difficulties, and they perceive that few consequences are attached to absence. Unionization appears to interact with the generosity of company policies towards absence. Gender differences are noted with regard to the perceived reasons for absence and these findings are juxtaposed with recent meta-analytic results. The findings of this survey appear highly consistent with other recently published research, and the greater level of detail provided help suggest different strategies .