Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ciprofloxacin in adult horses.

Using a randomized, cross-over study design, ciprofloxacin was administered i.g. to eight adult mares at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and to seven of the eight horses at a dose of 5 mg/kg by bolus i.v. injection. The mean C(0) was 20.5 μg/mL (±8.8) immediately after i.v. administration. The C(max) was 0.6 μg/mL (±0.36) at T(max) 1.46 (±0.66) h after the administration of oral ciprofloxacin. The mean elimination half-life after i.v. administration was 5.8 (±1.6) h, and after oral administration the terminal half-life was 3.6 (±1.7) h. The overall mean systemic availability of the oral dose was 10.5 (±2.8)%. Transient adverse effects of mild to moderate severity included agitation, excitement and muscle fasciculation, followed by lethargy, cutaneous edema and loss of appetite developed in all seven horses after i.v. administration. All seven horses developed mild transient diarrhea at 36-48 after i.v. dosing. All eight horses dosed intragastrically experienced adverse events attributable to ciprofloxacin administration. Adverse events included mild transient diarrhea to severe colitis, endotoxemia and laminitis necessitating euthanasia of three horses on humane grounds. The high incidences of adverse events preclude oral and rapid i.v. push administration of ciprofloxacin.
Deep Spatial-Temporal Fusion Network for Video-Based Person Re-identification

In this paper, we propose a novel deep end-to-end network to automatically learn the spatial-temporal fusion features for video-based person re-identification. Specifically, the proposed network consists of CNN and RNN to jointly learn both the spatial and the temporal features of input image sequences. The network is optimized by utilizing the siamese and softmax losses simultaneously to pull the instances of the same person closer and push the instances of different persons apart. Our network is trained on full-body and part-body image sequences respectively to learn complementary representations from holistic and local perspectives. By combining them together, we obtain more discriminative features that are beneficial to person re-identification. Experiments conducted on the PRID-2011, i-LIDS-VIS and MARS datasets show that the proposed method performs favorably against existing approaches.
Mechanism of DNA substrate recognition by the mammalian DNA repair enzyme, Polynucleotide Kinase

Mammalian polynucleotide kinase (mPNK) is a critical DNA repair enzyme whose 5′-kinase and 3′-phoshatase activities function with poorly understood but striking specificity to restore 5′-phosphate/3′-hydroxyl termini at sites of DNA damage. Here we integrated site-directed mutagenesis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with advanced computational approaches to characterize the conformational variability and DNA-binding properties of mPNK. The flexible attachment of the FHA domain to the catalytic segment, elucidated by SAXS, enables the interactions of mPNK with diverse DNA substrates and protein partners required for effective orchestration of DNA end repair. Point mutations surrounding the kinase active site identified two substrate recognition surfaces positioned to contact distinct regions on either side of the phosphorylated 5′-hydroxyl. DNA substrates bind across the kinase active site cleft to position the double-stranded portion upstream of the 5′-hydroxyl on one side, and the 3′-overhang on the opposite side. The bipartite DNA-binding surface of the mPNK kinase domain explains its preference for recessed 5′-termini, structures that would be encountered in the course of DNA strand break repair.
Histone Deacetylase Activity Regulates Chemical Diversity in Aspergillus

ABSTRACT Bioactive small molecules are critical in Aspergillus species during their development and interaction with other organisms. Genes dedicated to their production are encoded in clusters that can be located throughout the genome. We show that deletion of hdaA, encoding an Aspergillus nidulans histone deacetylase (HDAC), causes transcriptional activation of two telomere-proximal gene clusters—and subsequent increased levels of the corresponding molecules (toxin and antibiotic)—but not of a telomere-distal cluster. Introduction of two additional HDAC mutant alleles in a ΔhdaA background had minimal effects on expression of the two HdaA-regulated clusters. Treatment of other fungal genera with HDAC inhibitors resulted in overproduction of several metabolites, suggesting a conserved mechanism of HDAC repression of some secondary-metabolite gene clusters. Chromatin regulation of small-molecule gene clusters may enable filamentous fungi to successfully exploit environmental resources by modifying chemical diversity.
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adaylarının Kitap Okumaya İlişkin Görüş ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Farkli gruplarin okuma aliskanligi uzerine yapilan calismalar benzer bir sekilde bu konuda Turk toplumunun zayif oldugunu gostermektedir. Zamani en iyi degerlendirme aliskanliklarindan biri olarak kabul edilen kitap okuma, her duzeydeki ogrenci ve birey icin kazanilmasi gereken cok onemli bir beceridir. Okuma aliskanliginin temelleri anne-baba ve ogretmen yardimiyla cocuklukta atilmaktadir. Ogretmenlerin kitap okuyarak ogrencilerine iyi birer ornek olmalari onlarin gelecekte okuyan bireyler olmasina yardim etmektedir. Bu arastirma ile BESYO Beden Egitimi Ogretmenligi Bolumunde egitim goren ogretmen adaylarinin kitap okuma aliskanliklari ve kitap okumaya iliskin gorus ve tutumlari belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Ilk bolumu demografik sorulardan ve ikinci bolumu de kitap okumaya iliskin tutum olceginden olusan anket 120 ogretmen adayina (bayan=50, erkek=70 erkek) uygulanmistir. Kitap okumaya iliskin tutum olcegi, gecerligi ve guvenirligi test edilmis, alti boyuttan ve 30 sorudan olusan bir olcektir. Arastirma sonucunda, ogrencilerin cogunlugu ailelerinin evinde kutuphane olmadigi belirlenmistir (%61,7). Bayan ogretmen adaylari kitap almak icin erkeklerden daha cok para ayirmaktadirlar (Bayan=66,0%, Erkek=45,7%).
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Using Prior Models of General Appliance Types

Non-intrusive appliance load monitoring is the process of disaggregating a household's total electricity consumption into its contributing appliances. In this paper we propose an approach by which individual appliances can be iteratively separated from an aggregate load. Unlike existing approaches, our approach does not require training data to be collected by sub-metering individual appliances, nor does it assume complete knowledge of the appliances present in the household. Instead, we propose an approach in which prior models of general appliance types are tuned to specific appliance instances using only signatures extracted from the aggregate load. The tuned appliance models are then used to estimate each appliance's load, which is subsequently subtracted from the aggregate load. This process is applied iteratively until all appliances for which prior behaviour models are known have been disaggregated. We evaluate the accuracy of our approach using the REDD data set, and show the disaggregation performance when using our training approach is comparable to when sub-metered training data is used. We also present a deployment of our system as a live application and demonstrate the potential for personalised energy saving feedback.
DEDICATION To mom

DEDICATION To mom iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Manfred Huber, my supervising professor, for his invaluable advice, encouragement and guidance through the course of this project. I would like also to express my deep gratitude to Mr. David Levine and Dr. Lynn Peterson for serving on my committee. Moreover, this project may not be possible without Dr. Alp Aslandogan, Dr. Paul Bergstresser and Southwestern Medical Center dermatologists' intellectual inputs and helpful feedbacks. My deep thanks would like to go to participants who volunteered to this project. My appreciations would like to go to Dr. Bart Farell, my mentor in my post-doctoral fellowship, for his understanding and insightful advices in biomedical engineering and vision science. Further, I would like to thank to Dr. Ramesh Yeraballi and Mr. Mike O'Dell for the kindness of the guidance.
Movement Orientation is Related to Mental Rotation in Childhood

The present study asked whether the ability to mentally rotate animal pictures was associated with orientation errors of aiming movements in 7- to 10-year-old children and adults. Mental rotation involves a mental change of the encoded picture's orientation, and one has to determine movement vector orientation in motor programming. In the children, slower rotations were related to higher absolute orientation errors, and less correct responses with movements rightward of the target. No significant correlations were found in adults. This result suggests that in children, motor control and mental rotation may be related through orientation specification processes.
Crystal structure of a DNA decamer containing a cis-syn thymine dimer

It is well known that exposure to UV induces DNA damage, which is the first step in mutagenesis and a major cause of skin cancer. Among a variety of photoproducts, cyclobutane-type pyrimidine photodimers (CPD) are the most abundant primary lesion. Despite its biological importance, the precise relationship between the structure and properties of DNA containing CPD has remained to be elucidated. Here, we report the free (unbound) crystal structure of duplex DNA containing a CPD lesion at a resolution of 2.0 Å. Our crystal structure shows that the overall helical axis bends ≈30° toward the major groove and unwinds ≈9°, in remarkable agreement with some previous theoretical and experimental studies. There are also significant differences in local structure compared with standard B-DNA, including pinching of the minor groove at the 3′ side of the CPD lesion, a severe change of the base pair parameter in the 5′ side, and serious widening of both minor and major groves both 3′ and 5′ of the CPD. Overall, the structure of the damaged DNA differs from undamaged DNA to an extent that DNA repair proteins may recognize this conformation, and the various components of the replicational and transcriptional machinery may be interfered with due to the perturbed local and global structure.
Sensitivity of MJO Simulation and Predictability to Sea Surface Temperature Variability

Abstract The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on the simulation and predictability of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is examined using the Seoul National University atmospheric general circulation model (SNU AGCM). Forecast skill was examined using serial climate simulations spanning eight different winter seasons with 30-day forecasts commencing every 5 days, giving a total of 184 thirty-day simulations. The serial runs were repeated using prescribing observed SST with monthly, weekly, and daily temporal resolutions. The mean SST was the same for all cases so that differences between experiments result from the different temporal resolutions of the SST boundary forcing. It is shown that high temporal SST frequency acts to improve 1) the MJO activity of 200-hPa velocity potential field over the entire Asian monsoon region at all lead times; 2) the percentage of filtered variance of the two leading EOF modes that explain the eastward propagation of MJO; 3) the power of the wavenumber 1 eastw.
Surgical management of selected pituitary macroadenomas using extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach: early experience.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach is commonly used surgical approach for pituitary adenomas. However, adenomas with dumbbell configuration, pure suprasellar location, and fibrous consistency are difficult to remove by this approach. Recently, the extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) has been utilized to excise this subgroup of pituitary adenomas successfully. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2011, 13 patients with pituitary macroadenomas were treated with EEEA. The tumor subgroups included: Dumbbell tumor configuration (4), pure suprasellar tumor location (2), and large suprasellar tumors with subfrontal extension (2). Five patients had fibrous/recurrent tumors and required addition of transtubercular-transplanum extension to the standard endoscopic endonasal exposure for radical resection. RESULTS The tumor removal was gross total in 8 (61.5%) patients, subtotal in 4 (30.7%), and partial in 1 (7.7%) patient. Clinical improvement was observed in almost all patients, immediate relief in headaches in 88% and normalization of vision in 90% of patients with pre-operative visual disturbances. Three patients with secreting adenomas, two with growth hormone-secreting adenomas and one with prolactin-secreting adenoma, had normalization of hormonal status. Three patients developed temporary diabetes insipidus two patients suffered transient ischemic attacks and one patient with a recurrent giant pituitary adenoma experienced a serious injury to the perforating artery. Four patients (30.7%) developed post-operative cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and two patients required surgical repair. CONCLUSIONS Our early experience suggests that the EEEA offers a potentially viable treatment option in certain pituitary tumors which are difficult to remove by the standard endoscopic approaches. However, longer follow-up and larger series are needed to establish the efficacy of this approach.
Memory and Motor Coordination Improvement by Folic Acid Supplementation in Healthy Adult Male Rats

Objective(s) Previous studies have shown that vitamin B as well as folate supplementation has been implicated in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid on passive avoidance task and motor coordination in healthy adult male rats. Materials and Methods Animals were randomly divided into five groups with 10 in each. 1) Sham treated (Veh); received same volume of normal saline as folate vehicle, 2-5) Test groups; each received a single dose of folate (5, 10 and 15 mg/ml/kg, IP daily for one week). At the end of the treatment with folic acid or vehicle, motor coordination in rotarod (after 24 hr) and passive avoidance memory in shuttle box (after 2 and 30 days) were evaluated, respectively. Results The results showed that folic acid (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) increased short-term (P<0.05, P<0.001) memory while, long term memory affected significantly with doses 10 and 15 mg/kg (P<0.01, P<0.001). On the other hand, folic acid (5 and 10 mg/kg) had significant improving effect on motor coordination (P<0.001, P<0.01) but with 15 mg/kg dose didn't have any effect on motor coordination. Conclusion Our results suggest that folic acid may improve both short- and long-term memories, dose dependently, although it affects motor balance at lower dose. The mechanism of folic acid effects on cognition and motor coordination is unknown and needs more investigations.
Active learning strategies for rating elicitation in collaborative filtering

The accuracy of collaborative-filtering recommender systems largely depends on three factors: the quality of the rating prediction algorithm, and the quantity and quality of available ratings. While research in the field of recommender systems often concentrates on improving prediction algorithms, even the best algorithms will fail if they are fed poor-quality data during training, that is, garbage in, garbage out. Active learning aims to remedy this problem by focusing on obtaining better-quality data that more aptly reflects a user's preferences. However, traditional evaluation of active learning strategies has two major flaws, which have significant negative ramifications on accurately evaluating the system's performance (prediction error, precision, and quantity of elicited ratings). (1) Performance has been evaluated for each user independently (ignoring system-wide improvements). (2) Active learning strategies have been evaluated in isolation from unsolicited user ratings (natural acquisition). In this article we show that an elicited rating has effects across the system, so a typical user-centric evaluation which ignores any changes of rating prediction of other users also ignores these cumulative effects, which may be more influential on the performance of the system as a whole (system centric). We propose a new evaluation methodology and use it to evaluate some novel and state-of-the-art rating elicitation strategies. We found that the system-wide effectiveness of a rating elicitation strategy depends on the stage of the rating elicitation process, and on the evaluation measures (MAE, NDCG, and Precision). In particular, we show that using some common user-centric strategies may actually degrade the overall performance of a system. Finally, we show that the performance of many common active learning strategies changes significantly when evaluated concurrently with the natural acquisition of ratings in recommender systems.
Pengaruh Akuntabilitas Publik, Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran, dan Transparansi Kebijakan Publik terhadap Kinerja Manajerial pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) se-Kabupaten Wonosobo

Kinerja manajerial adalah hasil secara periodik operasional suatu manajer berdasarkan sasaran, standar, dan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Kinerja manajerial yang baik akan menjadikan pengelolaan pemerintahan yang baik pula (good governance). Dalam rangka mengantisipasi pelaksanaan pemerintahan dan pembangunan daerah, maka Kabupaten Wonosobo telah membentuk Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD). SKPD ini menyusun, menggunakan dan melaporkan realisasi anggaran atau sebagai pelaksana anggaran dari pemerintah daerah. Berdasarkan latar belakang, terdapat permasalahan mengenai pelaksanaan anggaran tersebut pada salah satu urusan pemerintahan daerah yaitu urusan perencanaan pembangunan SKPD Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh akuntabilitas publik, partisipasi penyusunan anggaran, dan transparansi kebijakan publik terhadap kinerja manajerial pada SKPD se-Kabupaten Wonosobo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh SKPD se-Kabupaten Wonosobo yaitu sebanyak 35 SKPD. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala/pimpinan/pejabat masing-masing SKPD. Metode pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh persamaan regresi linier Ŷ = -1,028 + 0,561X1 + 0,532X2 + 0,540X3 + e^ . Besarnya pengaruh akuntabilitas publik, partisipasi penyusunan anggaran, dan transparansi kebijakan publik terhadap kinerja manajerial secara simultan adalah sebesar 77,6%. Kemudian besarnya pengaruh secara parsial untuk akuntabilitas publik adalah sebesar 26,94%, partisipasi penyusunan anggaran adalah sebesar 40,45%, dan transparansi kebijakan publik adalah sebesar 21,62%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah akuntabilitas publik, partisipasi penyusunan anggaran, dan transparansi kebijakan publik berpengaruh positif signifikan secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap kinerja manajerial. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat serta keterbukaan informasi untuk meningkatkan transparansi kebijakan publik, yaitu salah satunya dengan cara penggunaan teknologi yang mempermudah masyarakat untuk mengakses informasi atau dengan kata lain electronic government (eGovernment).
Isolation and Characterization of Campylobacter Species from Camel (Camelus Dramedarius) in Sokoto State, Northwestern Nigeria

The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter species from camel was carried out in Sokoto state, Nigeria. A total of 504 faecal specimens from camels were analyzed for the presence of campylobacter species by standard culture techniques. Isolates were characterized by conventional phenotypic tests and confirmed by latex agglutination. The thermophilic Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, C. coli, and C .lari) were subjected to biotyping. Out of the 504 faecal specimens collected and analysed, 57(11.3%) were positive for Campylobacter isolation and 102 isolates were recovered from the positive samples. Thirteen (12.8%) of the isolates were not viable for further characterization, while 51(50.0%), 14(13.7%), 12(11.8%) and 8(7.8%) were C. jejuni, C.Sputorum subsp. sputorum, C. coli and C. upsaliensis isolates respectively. Campylobacter lari was also isolated at 4(3.9%) isolation rate. The rate of isolation of C.jejuni biotypes are biotypes I (51.0%), II (27.5%), III (13.7%) and IV (7.8%), while biotypes of C. coli are I (58.3%), II (41.7%) and the biotypes of C. lari I (25.0%) and II (75.0%) respectively. The isolation of Campylobacter species and identification of the different biotypes is an indication that camels in the state are reservoir of human infection with Campylobacter species.
How dim is dim? Precision of the celestial compass in moonlight and sunlight

Prominent in the sky, but not visible to humans, is a pattern of polarized skylight formed around both the Sun and the Moon. Dung beetles are, at present, the only animal group known to use the much dimmer polarization pattern formed around the Moon as a compass cue for maintaining travel direction. However, the Moon is not visible every night and the intensity of the celestial polarization pattern gradually declines as the Moon wanes. Therefore, for nocturnal orientation on all moonlit nights, the absolute sensitivity of the dung beetle's polarization detector may limit the precision of this behaviour. To test this, we studied the straight-line foraging behaviour of the nocturnal ball-rolling dung beetle Scarabaeus satyrus to establish when the Moon is too dim—and the polarization pattern too weak—to provide a reliable cue for orientation. Our results show that celestial orientation is as accurate during crescent Moon as it is during full Moon. Moreover, this orientation accuracy is equal to that measured for diurnal species that orient under the 100 million times brighter polarization pattern formed around the Sun. This indicates that, in nocturnal species, the sensitivity of the optical polarization compass can be greatly increased without any loss of precision.
Bilingual creativity in Russia: English‐Russian language play

The paper shows that English in modern Russia, like in many other Expanding Circle countries, is predominantly used in a mix with Russian in the creative (poetic, aesthetic, imaginative, or innovative) function in various domains. In this article, the peculiarities of the creative use of English in the Russian context are highlighted, and the article also discusses the semantic and pragmatic aspects of English-Russian language play, demonstrating that English can be played on either just for entertainment or for conveying complex ideological meanings, determined by controversial attitudes to Westernization and Englishization in Russian society.