Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of critical thinking in undergraduate engineering education

The quality of students’ and engineers’ thinking, and how they think, determines the quality of what they design, produce or make. Moreover, students and engineers today largely work with and, unquestioningly contribute to, the policies and agendas of the socially accepted market driven, pro-development standpoint. So, in addition to the importance of critical thinking during technical development, critical thinking is also important to positioning students and engineers from a stance of social justice, and so allowing them to question effectively the efficacy of developments. Just as is found in many professions, engineers now need, more than ever, strong critical thinking skills to deal with a world of increasingly rapid change and complexity. In this work a definition of what the authors conclude critical thinking actually is will be given, based on the many ideas which can be found in the literature. The results of a small survey of how students view critical thinking in relation to themselves and how necessary they feel critical thinking is, will be reported as will how a preliminary initiative to cultivate more and systematic critical thinking within various mathematics modules found in an undergraduate engineering course was implemented and assessed. It has been concluded that most students already consider themselves as effective critical thinkers, which may or may not be self-delusion. Also, it was quickly recognized that although workshops and seminars on critical thinking have their place to initiate awareness, a systematic semi-implicit approach over a period of time is very necessary to cultivate critical thinking. That is, once the principles of critical thinking are grasped and, importantly accepted by the student, then a period of time is necessary for cultivation, practice and hopefully becoming second nature.
Structure-based inference of xml similarity for fuzzy duplicate detection

Fuzzy duplicate detection aims at identifying multiple representations of real-world objects stored in a data source, and is a task of critical practical relevance in data cleaning, data mining, or data integration. It has a long history for relational data stored in a single table (or in multiple tables with equal schema). Algorithms for fuzzy duplicate detection in more complex structures, e.g., hierarchies of a data warehouse, XML data, or graph data have only recently emerged. These algorithms use similarity measures that consider the duplicate status of their direct neighbors, e.g., children in hierarchical data, to improve duplicate detection effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel method for fuzzy duplicate detection in hierarchical and semi-structured XML data. Unlike previous approaches, it not only considers the duplicate status of children, but rather the probability of descendants being duplicates. Probabilities are computed efficiently using a Bayesian network. Experiments show the proposed algorithm is able to maintain high precision and recall values, even when dealing with data containing a high amount of errors and missing information. Our proposal is also able to outperform a state-of-the-art duplicate detection system on three different XML databases.
Towards a mixed approach to extract biomedical terms from documents

The proposed work aims at automatically extracting biomedical terms from free text. We present new extraction methods taking into account linguistic patterns specialized for the biomedical field, statistic term extraction measures such as C-value and statistic keyword extraction measures such as Okapi BM25, and TFIDF. These measures are combined in order to improve the extraction process and we investigate which combinations are the more relevant associated to different contexts. Experimental results show that an appropriate harmonic mean of C-value associated to keyword extraction measures offers better precision, both for single-word and multi-words term extraction. Experiments describe the extraction of English and French biomedical terms from a corpus of laboratory tests available online. The results are validated by using UMLS (in English) and only MeSH (in French) as reference.
Inside the “Black Box”

Companies do not respond identically when faced with similar environmental issues, confounding research that looks only at external influences on corporate environmental practice. In this article, the author explores the role of internal factors, specifically an organization's culture and subcultures, in shaping a company's interpretations and actions on environmental issues. Organizational culture influences how an organization's members define, or “set,” problems and the strategies they draw on to solve such problems. Drawing from a 9-month ethnographic study of a high-tech manufacturer, the author finds that the existence of multiple subcultures gives rise to divergent interpretations and strategies for action for environmental issues and that the relative power of the subcultures influences which interpretations and strategies for action are ultimately adopted. Differences between subcultures and the nature of the relationships between them can explain some of the variation in attention and action observed as organizations address issues of environmental protection.
Performance-scalable computational approach to main-subject detection in photographs

We present a computational approach to main subject detection, which provides a measure of saliency or importance for different regions that are associated with different subjects in an image with unconstrained scene content. It is built primarily upon selected image semantics, with low-level vision feature also contributing to the decision. The algorithm consists of region segmentation, perceptual grouping, feature extraction, and probabilistic reasoning. To accommodate the inherent ambiguity in the problem as reflected by the ground truth, we have developed a novel training mechanism for Bayes nets- based on fractional frequency counting. Using a set of images spanning the 'photo space', experimental results have shown the promise of our approach in that most of the regions that independent observers ranked as the main subject are also labeled as such by our system. In addition, our approach lends itself to performance scalable configurations within the Bayes net-based framework. Different applications have different degrees of tolerance to performance degradation and sped aggravation; computing a full set of features may be not practical for time- critical applications. We have designed the algorithm to run under three configurations, without reorganization or retraining of the network.
Understanding the experience of driving with a passenger with aphasia

Background: Drivers and passengers often spend a great deal of time conversing when riding in a personal automobile. Under most circumstances, drivers are easily able to maintain a conversation with their passengers while safely operating their vehicle. However, this task may be challenging when the passenger riding in the car has aphasia since many people with aphasia supplement their limited verbal output with other communication modalities, such as writing, gesturing, and using body language. Aims: The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of driving a personal automobile when a passenger with aphasia is riding in the car. Methods & Procedures: A phenomenological approach was used to gain an understanding of the lived experience of driving a car with a passenger with aphasia. Nine people who regularly serve as the primary drivers of a person with aphasia were interviewed twice using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Outcomes & Results: Three main themes characterised the drivers’ experiences of riding with an aphasic passenger: (1) communicating, (2) helping, and (3) adapting. The theme of communicating was specified in terms of time constraints, topic avoidance, and communication strategies. The theme of helping was constructed from two subthemes: avoiding accidents and navigating. Drivers reported that passengers needed to adapt to the car environment due to stroke-induced cognitive and physical deficits. Conclusions: The findings describe various problems that people who drive an automobile with a passenger with aphasia experience and the ways in which they seek to overcome these problems. Clinicians should collaborate with drivers and passengers with aphasia to enhance the safety and quality of their in-vehicle experience.
Rosuvastatin Reduces Aortic Sinus and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in SR-B1 (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1)/ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) Double Knockout Mice Independently of Plasma Cholesterol Lowering

Objective— Rosuvastatin has been widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. However, its antiatherosclerotic properties have not been tested in a mouse model that could mimic human coronary heart disease. The present study was designed to test the effects of rosuvastatin on coronary artery atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis in SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1) and apoE (apolipoprotein E) double knockout mice. Approach and Results— Three-week-old SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice were injected daily with 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin for 2 weeks. Compared with saline-treated mice, rosuvastatin-treated mice showed increased levels of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9) and LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) message, increased plasma PCSK9 protein but decreased levels of hepatic LDLR protein and increased plasma total cholesterol associated with apoB (apolipoprotein B) 48-containing lipoproteins. In spite of this, rosuvastatin treatment was associated with decreased atherosclerosis in both the aortic sinus and coronary arteries and reduced platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Cardiac fibrosis and cardiomegaly were also attenuated in rosuvastatin-treated SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice. Two-week treatment with rosuvastatin resulted in significant decreases in markers of oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro analysis showed that incubation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with rosuvastatin substantially downregulated cluster of differentiation (CD)36 and inhibited oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation. Conclusions— Rosuvastatin protected SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice against atherosclerosis and platelet accumulation in coronary arteries and attenuated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomegaly, despite increased plasma total cholesterol. The ability of rosuvastatin to reduce oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerotic plaques and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation may have contributed to this protection.
Can Marijuana Reduce Social Pain?

Social and physical pain share common overlap at linguistic, behavioral, and neural levels. Prior research has shown that acetaminophen—an analgesic medication that acts indirectly through cannabinoid 1 receptors—reduces the social pain associated with exclusion. Yet, no work has examined if other drugs that act on similar receptors, such as marijuana, also reduce social pain. Across four methodologically diverse samples, marijuana use consistently buffered people from the negative consequences associated with loneliness and social exclusion. These effects were replicated using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental designs. These findings offer novel evidence supporting common overlap between social and physical pain processes.
“Don’t Let Them Die in Vain”

This article builds on past framing research to probe the impact of casualty frames on the public’s willingness to expend additional “blood and treasure” in an ongoing war. The rhetoric of “sunk costs” (often described as “sacrifices”) that must be redeemed through further conflict is a well-known, yet irrational, trope. Utilizing an experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey on attitudes about Iraq, we find that “investment frames” increase support for the war among individuals who believe the U.S. “did the right thing in Iraq,” but decrease support for the war among those who feel the U.S. “should have stayed out. ” We also find, however, that framing effects are inconsistent when the frames are attributed to sources. These latter results demonstrate the importance of including unattributed frames to evaluate source effects in framing research.
Clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia.

N ORMAL granulocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes are derived from small numbers of bone marrow progenitor cells that have extensive proliferative capacity. 3 In vitro cell culture techniques to identify progenitor cells have been available for 20 years and depend on the ability of these cells to form colonies of fully differentiated cells in semisolid medium in response to specific growth factors. These colony assays have been used to investigate in vitro regulation and various biological characteristics of both multipotent and lineage-committed progenitor cells (see reviews 7 to 9). Shortly after the development of normal colony culture techniques these methods were applied to acute myeloblastic leukemias and culture conditions were defined that allowed growth ofcolonies ofleukemic cells. ’#{176} 8 In most cases, formation of leukemic colonies was not autonomous, and additition of growth factor(s) from normal leukocytes augmented colony growth. It was surprising, however, that despite the apparent homogeneity of most populations of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, only a small fraction ofcells had the capacity to proliferate in vitro. These clonogenic leukemic cells have been the subject of considerable investigation, and also the source of some controversy, in the ensuing years. The possibility that these clonogenic cells act as stem cells in vivo to maintain the rest of the leukemic cell population is an intriguing possibility that has potentially important therapeutic significance. ’9’2#{176} The identification, culture, growth characteristics, and biological and clinical significance of clonogenic cells in AML will be the subject of this review.
The Characteristics and Prognostic Effect of E-Cadherin Expression in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

Purpose Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is rare. The aim of this study is to understand the clinicopathological features and identify the possible prognostic factors in colorectal SRCC. Methods Patients with SRCC who underwent primary lesion resection at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from September 2008 to July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient’s gender, age, tumor location, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, synchronous distant metastasis, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and E-cadherin expression were studied with prognosis, and the correlation between E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. All clinicopathological and molecular factors were put into multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model for detecting independent prognostic factors. Results 59 patients accounting for 0.89% of total colorectal cancer patients met the criteria and were enrolled in the study. The median survival time is 28.9 months, and the 3-year survival rate is 62.7%. SRCC were seen more common in young male patients. Advanced stage was more common in SRCC, 58 (98.3%) patients had T3/T4 lesions, 52 (88.1%) patients had lymph node metastasis, and 14 (23.7%) patients had distant metastasis. Distant metastases were seen more common in peritoneal cavity. Distant metastasis (HR = 4.194, 95% CI: 1.297–13.567), lymphovascular invasion (HR = 2.888, 95% CI: 1.115–7.483), and E-cadherin expression (HR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.096–0.768) were independent predictors for survival. Conclusions SRCC is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer with poor prognosis. Distant metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and E-cadherin expression can predict prognosis of colorectal SRCCs independently. More precise therapy and more close surveillance are needed for these patients.
Ethnicity-of-Interviewer Effects on Ethnic Respondents

Considerable research has been reported on race-of-interviewer effects in white/black dichotomies. Little is known, however, about interviewer effects on respondents representing other ethnic groups. This article reports on a 1975 study of ethnicityof-interviewer effects among four ethnic minorities (Cubans, Chicanos, Native Americans, and Chinese) and suggests that the findings for blacks and whites are generalizable to other ethnic groups as well. Michael F. Weeks is a Senior Survey Specialist and R. Paul Moore is Director of the Survey Operations Center at the Research Triangle Institute, P. 0. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. The work upon which this publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract 300-75-0253 with the U. S. Offlce of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. However, the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U. S. Offlce of Education, and no official endorsement by the U. S. Office of Education should be inferred. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 45:245-249 ? 1981 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/81/0045-245/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.161 on Mon, 23 May 2016 05:41:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Praxis and writing in a right-hander with crossed aphasia

Studies of patients with brain lesions have demonstrated that language and praxis are mediated by dissociable networks. However, language has the capacity to influence the selection of purposeful actions. The abilities to use language and to program purposeful movements are often mediated by networks that have anatomic proximity. With hemispheric injury, the diagnosis of apraxia is often confounded by the specific influence of language impairments on the ability to select and produce transitive gestures. We report a patient who illustrates this confound. This patient is a right-handed man who developed global aphasia and neglect after a right hemispheric stroke. His right hand remained deft, and when asked to produce specific transitive gestures (pantomimes), he often performed normally but did make some body part as object and perseverative errors. However, he did not demonstrate the temporal or spatial errors typical of ideomotor apraxia. He also had a perseverative agraphia. Our patient’s left hemisphere praxis system appeared to be intact, and the error types demonstrated during production of transitive gestures cannot be attributed to a degradation of postural and movement (praxis) programs mediated by his left hemisphere. The praxis errors types are most consistent with a deficit in the ability to select the necessary praxis programs. Thus, our patient appeared to have dissociation between language and praxis programs that resulted in body part as object and perseverative errors.
Brief Unstructured Interaction with a Dog Reduces Distress

ABSTRACT In 2013, 11% of the US population experienced serious psychological distress. This problem of psychological distress is exacerbated in colleges and universities, where more than half of students report experiencing moderate to severe depression. In spite of the prevalence of this psychological distress, the vast majority of these students do not receive treatment. To address the problem of psychological distress among students, many universities have instituted animal visitation programs (AVPs). These popular programs provide opportunities for participants to interact with animals (usually dogs), with the goal of alleviating distress. However, empirical evidence for the effectiveness of these programs is lacking. We therefore conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the influence of a single, brief interaction with a dog on the subjective experience of anxiety and mood in a sample of students and medical residents (n=67). We compared the impact of interactions with a dog to the effects of viewing (but not interacting with) the same dog, and the effects of a no-treatment control. We found that interacting with a dog reduced anxiety and negative mood, and increased positive mood relative to the control conditions. These effects were large, providing direct support for the model of AVPs already in widespread use in colleges and universities, as well as primary schools, hospitals, dentist's offices, courthouses, nursing homes, airports, and Veteran's Affairs facilities. In addition, our findings suggest that future research on AVPs is needed to elucidate when and how these are most potent. The results of that research may be used to maximize the benefits of these programs, which are already so widespread.
iVisClustering: An Interactive Visual Document Clustering via Topic Modeling

Clustering plays an important role in many large‐scale data analyses providing users with an overall understanding of their data. Nonetheless, clustering is not an easy task due to noisy features and outliers existing in the data, and thus the clustering results obtained from automatic algorithms often do not make clear sense. To remedy this problem, automatic clustering should be complemented with interactive visualization strategies. This paper proposes an interactive visual analytics system for document clustering, called iVisClustering, based on a widely‐used topic modeling method, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). iVisClustering provides a summary of each cluster in terms of its most representative keywords and visualizes soft clustering results in parallel coordinates. The main view of the system provides a 2D plot that visualizes cluster similarities and the relation among data items with a graph‐based representation. iVisClustering provides several other views, which contain useful interaction methods. With help of these visualization modules, we can interactively refine the clustering results in various ways. Keywords can be adjusted so that they characterize each cluster better. In addition, our system can filter out noisy data and re‐cluster the data accordingly. Cluster hierarchy can be constructed using a tree structure and for this purpose, the system supports cluster‐level interactions such as sub‐clustering, removing unimportant clusters, merging the clusters that have similar meanings, and moving certain clusters to any other node in the tree structure. Furthermore, the system provides document‐level interactions such as moving mis‐clustered documents to another cluster and removing useless documents. Finally, we present how interactive clustering is performed via iVisClustering by using real‐world document data sets.
Websites and services branding: implications of Universities' websites for internal and external communication

Services branding has traditionally relied on importing ideas from the classical goods Brand Management Marketing sector and this has resulted in a paucity of research into factors affecting Services Branding. According to recent research, the source of the values contained in the ‘artefacts’ which contribute to communicating and reinforcing corporate values are best identified internally. At the same time, research shows that ‘consumers will be more drawn to service brands perceived as having values congruent to their own’, whether actual or aspired. Neglected in this is the issue of the plurality of internal stakeholder values as well as a possible conflict between internal and external stakeholder values. The purpose of the research described here is to consider the compatibility of internal and external stakeholder values in the design of Higher Education websites. The analysis, using an interactionist approach to web aesthetics, reveals that the majority of University pages use a male aesthetic, a mirror of the senior internal stakeholder constituency. The aptness of this for a market of external stakeholders in which women play an increasingly important part is questioned. Practical constraints, in terms of the demographics of the IT profession are also examined.