Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Better Understanding of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, Public Service Motivation, Mission Valence, and Employee Performance

The direct and indirect impact of transformational leadership on individual performance has often been studied. Yet scholars have failed to fully explore the degree to which two motivators (i.e., public service motivation [PSM] and mission valence) interact with this leadership practice to influence employee performance. To close this lacuna in the literature, a nationwide survey was administered to federal, state, and local government employees in the United States. The findings revealed that transformational leadership and PSM had a direct, positive effect on employee evaluations. They also revealed that mission valence strengthened the positive relationship between transformational leadership and performance. However, PSM did not have the same influence on the association between transformational leadership and performance. The implications these findings have for theory and practice are discussed in the article.
Musical Schemata in Real-Time Listening to a Piece of Music

A series of experiments investigated cognitive processes involved in listening to a piece of music, focusing in particular on the abstraction of surface features (here referred to as cues). Subjects listened to an unfamiliar piece in a familiar musical idiom, and their sensitivities to aspects of the just-heard piece were used to elucidate the nature of their representations of the piece in recent memory. The study also sought to assess the capacities of subjects to use any declarative knowledge of aspects of tonal structure that they possessed in organizing musical material. Three experiments made use of different procedures to address these issues, using either a single short tonal piece—Schubert9s Valse sentimentale, D. 779, op. 50, no. 6—or a variant of this. The first two experiments used nonmusician subjects and examined (1) the cues abstracted in listening to the piece and (2) subjects9 ability to identify the temporal location of segments of the piece after listening. The third experiment explored the constructional abilities of musician and nonmusician subjects, requiring them to create a coherent piece by ordering the segments that made up the original piece. The results of these experiments indicated that although the abilities of musicians differed from those of nonmusicians, both groups of subjects exhibited a weaker sensitivity to features of musical structure than to cues abstracted from the musical surface.
Clamp-and-measure forever: A MOSFET-based circuit for energy harvesting and measurement targeted for power meters

Smart metering applications for monitoring the power usage of industrial or household appliances are rapidly increasing. At the same time, constraints such as the ease of installation and a long lifetime have boosted the interest in developing dedicated wireless sensor networks combined with energy harvesting systems and contact-less sensors. In this paper we present a hybrid circuit, tailored for wireless current meters, which performs current measurement and power supply extraction from the same non-invasive, clamp-on current transformer. A power saving MOSFET-based switch system (MSwS) connects the current sensor to the harvesting circuit during the node sleep time and to the measurement circuit when the node is active according to a proper operating duty-cycle. Experimental results show that the energy spent during the active phase can be totally recovered during the sleep time interval making the sensor node capable to self-sustain its operations and to operate without batteries indefinitely.
CONSTRUAL LEVEL AND STEREOTYPING 1 Construal Level Mindsets Moderate Self and Social Stereotyping

Construal level theory suggests that events and objects can be represented at either a higher, more abstract level involving consideration of superordinate goals, desirability, global processing, and broad categorizations or a lower, more concrete level involving consideration of subordinate goals, feasibility, local processing, and narrow categorizations. Analogously, social targets (including the self) can be represented more broadly, as members of a group, or more narrowly, as individuals. Because abstract construals induce a similarity focus, they were predicted to increase the perceived fit between social targets and a salient social category. Accordingly, placing individuals into a more abstract construal mindset via an unrelated task increased the activation and use of stereotypes of salient social groups, stereotype-consistent trait ratings of the self, group identification, and stereotype-consistent performance, relative to more concrete construal mindsets. Thus, non-social contextual influences (construal level mindsets) affect stereotyping of self and others.
Distinct mechanisms for mitochondrial DNA loss in T and B lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients exposed to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and those naive to antiretroviral treatment.

OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been found in both nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-exposed and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Persistent immune activation might play a role in this phenomenon in HIV-infected, ART-naive patients. PBMC subsets with differential growth kinetics were therefore purified to study this similarity. METHODS CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD19(+) B cells, and CD14(+) monocytes were purified from PBMCs. mtDNA levels were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared among the 2 groups of HIV-infected patients and a group of HIV-negative control subjects. mtDNA levels in a separate group of ART-naive patients stratified by the rate of disease progression were also evaluated with respect to their relationship to immune-activation markers (i.e., CD38 and programmed cell death-1 [PD-1]) on CD8(+) T cells and the rate of CD4(+) T cell loss. RESULTS mtDNA levels in CD8(+) T cells and B cells from 15 ART-naive patients were approximately 50% less than those observed for 14 control subjects (P < or = .01). mtDNA levels in all lymphocyte subsets correlated negatively with CD38(+)PD-1(+) expression (r= -0.66 P < -0.9; P < or = .03), and mtDNA levels in B cells correlated with the rate of CD4(+) T cell loss (r =0.66; P< .3). In 17 HIV-infected, NRTI-exposed patients, mtDNA loss was observed in both T cell subsets (P < or = .02) and was most pronounced in patients who received didanosine (P < or = .002). CONCLUSIONS In HIV-infected, ART-naive patients, mtDNA loss was found in CD8(+) T cells and B cells. These losses correlated with immune activation and, in B cells, with the rate of CD4(+) T cell loss. In patients receiving ART, only T lymphocytes had reduced mtDNA levels. This finding was probably associated with NRTI use, because it was most pronounced in patients with a history of didanosine exposure.
New equally readable charts based on anisotropy of peripheral visual acuity

: Anstis’ equally readable chart for visual acuity has been widely quoted in textbooks on visual perception. However, this chart does not reflect the anisotropy of peripheral visual acuity that has been reported by previous studies. Here, the authors reexamined peripheral visual acuity by measuring resolution thresholds for Landolt rings and recognition thresholds for hiragana letters as a function of retinal eccentricity across two principal retinal meridians: horizontal and vertical. Observers were required to identify the orientation of a gap in the Landolt ring or recognize a hiragana letter while the stimulus was moved slowly from the periphery toward the fovea across each of four meridians: nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior. The results revealed the horizontal-vertical anisotropy of visual acuity in accordance with the results of previous studies. The mean thresholds obtained in the vertical meridian were approximately 1.51-fold (for Landolt rings) and 1.42-fold (for hiragana letters) higher than those obtained in the horizontal meridian at the same retinal eccentricity. The authors propose new equally readable charts for Landolt rings and hiragana letters.
Civil Society and Civic Engagement: Towards a Multi-Level Theory of Policy Feedbacks

Scholars are increasingly recognizing that design of a public policy influences the scope and nature of political engagement around that policy. Such ‘policy feedback’ models typically focus on organizational engagement (such as interest group lobbying) or on individual engagement (such as joining associations), with each form of participation treated as a discrete phenomenon. Here, drawing on US laws and regulations surrounding civil society and civil rights, I develop a multi-level model of policy feedbacks that integrates organizational and individual participation. Specifically, I suggest that laws and administrative rules operate on voluntary organizations to structure the resources, capacities, strategies, and ideals of individuals. To develop the model, I draw on policy feedback mechanisms identified by Suzanne Mettler and Joe Soss to derive empirically grounded hypotheses about feedback effects. I suggest that public policy (1) structures the political orientation of civil society by stimulating the development of certain types of groups and strategies, while constraining others, with implications for the range of participatory opportunities afforded to individuals; (2) alters the capacity of civil society groups, including resources and political learning, to channel civic engagement towards non-political strategies of social improvement; (3) affects the framing of strategies in a way that might influence mass attitudes about the optimal form that civic engagement should take; (4) defines civic membership; and (5) forges political community in ways that encourage rights-based advocacy over communitarian notions of public service. I conclude with thoughts on how the theories and hypotheses put forth in this conceptual article might be evaluated empirically and incorporated in practice.
Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Motor Response Inhibition A Real-Time FMRI Neurofeedback Study

The ability to stop or override our dominant behavioral responses in face of new unexpected information is a crucial skill in daily life. Impaired response inhibition has generally been associated with several neurological conditions like attention hyperactivity disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. One particular brain area, the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), has been proposed to support such functionality. However, response inhibition has been argued to be confounded with attentional reorienting. To resolve this debate, the present study investigated whether it is possible to control the hemodynamic response in the rIFG with the use of real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NF), and if successful up-regulation was associated with a measurable improvement in a response inhibition task and an attention reorienting task. 30 participants completed two days of NF training and were tested before and after on a stop-signal task (SST) and a Posner cueing task (PCT). Results showed that only men in the experimental condition had improved response inhibition efficiency but decreased attentional reorienting efficiency, suggesting gender specific effects of rt-fMRI NF training, and prompting a reevaluation of rIFG’s role in attention reorienting and response inhibition. It is proposed that the rIFG is involved in neither response inhibition nor attention reorienting, but rather implementing top-down control of behavior, where response inhibition and attentional reorienting is only a few aspects.
Implicit learning of unique and ambiguous serial transitions in the presence and absence of a distractor task.

Three experiments investigated the effects of task load, time of secondary task onset, and response-stimulus time interval on direct and indirect measures of learning in the M. J. Nissen and P. Bullemer (1987) task. Experiment 1 demonstrated that both unique and ambiguous serial transitions can be learned in the absence and presence of an attentional distractor task. Experiment 2 showed that the time of secondary task onset affects the degree to which unique and ambiguous serial transitions are learned. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the learning of a sequential transition is affected by the length of the time interval between the response to a stimulus and the presentation of the next stimulus
Cognitive impairment or inadequate norms? A study of healthy, rural, older adults with limited education

Abstract This study established preliminary norms for nine commonly administered neuropsychological tests for a biracial sample (N = 133; White = 64, African American = 69) of nondemented, rural community-dwelling elders (mean age = 76.48; SD = 7.87) with 10 or fewer years of formal education (mean education = 6.65 years; SD = 2.14). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that education was an important predictor of performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), Clock Drawing, Ravens' Colored Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Vocabulary and Block Design, Verbal Fluency (Category) and Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), but did not predict scores on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation or memory savings scores from the WMS-R. Race was a predictor only for WAIS-R Vocabulary and Block Design, and WMS-R Logical Memory Delayed. Approximately half of the subj.
Adaptive Strategy Selection in Decision Making.

Abstract : The authors examine the role of effort and accuracy in the adaptive use of decision processes. A computer simulation study that used the concept of elementary information processes identified heuristic choice strategies which approximate the accuracy of normative procedures while requiring substantially less effort. However, no single heuristic did well across all task and context conditions. Of particular interest was the finding that under time constraints, several heuristics were clearly more accurate than a normative procedure. Two process tracing studies showed a significant degree of correspondence between the efficient strategies for a given decision problem identified by the simulation and actual decision behavior. People were highly adaptive to changes in the nature of the alternatives available to them and to the presence of time pressure. (Author)
Operating theatre electromagnetic pollution generated by radio/electrosurgery. Medical devices electromagnetic interference

This paper presents the results of testing different radiosurgery and electrosurgery medical devices with the aim of highlighting the differences in the amplitude of the electric field emitted when these are used in the operating theatre. This is important due to the fact that medical devices are susceptible to high levels of electric fields and could lead to electromagnetic interference when subjected to the emissions of electrosurgical equipment. Different medical devices present in a classical operating theatre were placed under close supervision in the close proximity of the electrosurgical devices, in order to establish their susceptibility to the electromagnetic field emitted.
Human–Possum Conflict in Urban Sydney, Australia: Public Perceptions and Implications for Species Management

Urban development of the eastern seaboard of Australia has significantly increased human interaction with two native species, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus). We distributed 500 self-administered questionnaires to residents of Mosman, Sydney to gather demographic information about residents, their experience with possum activity and their opinions of possums; 128 questionnaires were returned. Responses to 23 author provided statements about possums revealed four general themes: belief in the intrinsic value of possums; negative experiences due to possum activity; threats to possums in the urban environment; and relocation as a control measure. A significant relationship between attitude and possum occupation of ceiling cavities was identified. Most residents indicated a desire to receive more information about possums. Equipped with such knowledge of the human dimensions of human–possum conflict, future management strategies can be more effectively targeted, promoting peaceful coexistence between possums and people.
Experiencing multiculturalism in Greek‐Cypriot primary schools

Within the context of a monocultural and monolingual education system, this paper seeks to explore and compare the experiences of Cypriot and non‐Cypriot pupils in Greek‐Cypriot primary schools with culturally diverse pupil populations. The concept of multiculturalism has been introduced only very recently in Cyprus and there has been little research on pupils’ experience and understanding of multiculturalism. Using a narrative approach, this inquiry seeks to provide an understanding of the experience of studying in multicultural primary school classrooms. The pupils of two classrooms, aged between 10 and 12, describe their experience through terms such as new knowledge, religion, language, racism and stereotypes.
Enhancing Critical Reading and Writing through Peer Reviews: An Exploration of Assisted Performance.

Using a Web-based, conferencing system, we required students to electronically post draft answers to take-home essay questions. Students then produced peer reviews of each other's answers. Regression analyses indicated that the higher the quality of the review students gave their peers, the higher their own grades for revised essays. The pedagogical structuring of this activity draws heavily on the theoretical concept of 'scaffolding' or 'assisted performance'
AEROPONICS: AN ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR HIGH-VALUE ROOT CROPS

An aeroponic system was developed for the production of root crops used in the herbal and phytopharmaceutical industries. The variability in the phytochemical quality of botanical products precludes the ability to administer uniform dosing in clinical studies. Aeroponic systems allow the producer to precisely control root zone nutrient and water regimes and environmental conditions, as well as have complete access to the roots throughout the life of the crop. This control promises a more uniform harvest. An A-frame aeroponic system was designed to maximize root yields and permit free access to the roots for monitoring. Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) plants were grown in aeroponics with controls grown in a greenhouse soilless potting mix for ten weeks in a research greenhouse in Tucson, Arizona. The plants were harvested and the dry weights of aerial parts and roots were determined, as well as the chlorogenic acid concentration in the dried roots. Chlorogenic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative known to have antioxidant activity. The biomass yields of the aerial parts were significantly higher in the aeroponically grown plants compared to the controls. The root biomass yields showed no significant difference between treatments. The chlorogenic acid concentrations were also not significantly different, however the plant-to-plant variability was significantly lower in the aeroponically grown plants, suggesting the potential for more consistent phytochemical yields using this production technique. INTRODUCTION The natural products and phytopharmaceutical industries are facing some formidable challenges by regulatory agencies around the world. The issues of safety, sustainability, and supply of raw materials permeate discussions of production of medicinal and aromatic crops (Craker, 1999). Variability in the quality of the raw materials is a recognized problem. Most approaches to quality control have centered on various methods of standardizing the herbal extracts and selection of marker compounds (Brinker, 1999). However, using chemistry techniques alone to standardize botanical preparations ignores one of the major causes of the variability: the horticultural production of the raw materials. Improving the uniformity of the raw
Do online communities support research collaboration?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which academics are engaged with online communities for research purposes, and the research activities, platforms and tools associated with these communities. In addition, the paper aims to discover the benefits, disadvantages and barriers involved in the use of online communities, and especially in regard to the trust and authority issues, so important in scholarly communications. Design/methodology/approach – A layered, mixed-methods approach was used for this complex research topic. Interviews were undertaken with social science and humanities researchers, followed up with focus groups in both the USA and UK. This qualitative work was then followed up with an online questionnaire that generated over 1,000 responses. Findings – Over half the sample had experience of an online research community and a majority of researchers are making at least occasional use of one or more Web 2.0 services for communicating their research activity; for deve.
A Theory of Secondary Teachers’ Adaptations When Implementing a Reading Intervention Program

This study examined the causes and consequences of secondary teachers’ adaptations when implementing a research-based reading intervention program. Interview, observation, and artifact data were collected on five middle school intervention teachers, leading to a grounded theory composed of the core component, reconciliation through adaptation, and four component concepts: program features, teacher qualities, contextual characteristics, and individual student needs. Findings indicated the most skilled implementers’ adaptations capitalized on their professional strengths and the strengths of the intervention to provide students with more engaging and responsive instruction. Implications for future research and practice in the implementation of reading intervention programs for secondary students with disabilities are discussed.
The Influences of the Sixth Graders' Parents' Internet Literacy and Parenting Style on Internet Parenting.

This study aims to explore the sixth grade students’ parents’ Internet literacy and parenting style on Internet parenting in Kaohsiung County in Taiwan. Upon stratified cluster sampling, a total of 822 parents from 34 classes in 28 schools participated in this study. The descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to analyze the responses of the “Internet parenting questionnaire. ” The findings of this study include: (1) the current situations of the sixth grade students’ parents’ behavior of Internet usage, Internet literacy, parenting style, and Internet parenting are explored and analyzed, and (2) there are significant correlations among the students’ parents’ behavior of Internet usage, parenting style, Internet literacy, and Internet parenting.
AN INTRAINDIVIDUAL COMPARISON OF PAIN MEASURES AVERAGED EVOKED RESPONSES AND CLINICAL RATINGS DURING DEPRESSION AND AFTER RECOVERY

In clinical studies pain has been found to be associated as much with psychological as with physical disorders (Baker t3’ Merskey (1967)). Anxiety and depression were the most common psychiatric disturbances in a group of patients with pain studied by (Taylor (1949)). In two studies of out-patients and in-patients attending a psychiatric clinic (Spear (1964), (1967)), 59 % and 51 % respectively were found to experience pain. Depression was the most common diagnosis. These studies support the view that pain is a prominent symptom in depressive disorders.