Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parents as Governors and Partners in Schools

Parents and schools are partners in the education of children because schools are a formalized extension of the family. This partnership is also emphasized by recent legislation, such as the South African Schools Act of 1996. This partnership is in line with the mission of parents to educate their children or assist in the education of their children. In spite of this demand on parental involvement in schools, this research in Black schools indicates that parental involvement in school activities is limited. Negative attitudes toward schools and inferior feelings prevent them from being effective partners of schools. The only official partnership between schools and parents is the school governing body in which the parents are playing an important role. The limited involvement of parents and, specifically, the reasons why they are not involved has a specific impact on the expected functions of parents as governors in the school governing body.
The Mediating Role of Sensation Seeking on the Relationship Between Risk Perceptions and Travel Behavior

Previous tourism research recognizes the positive role that risk may play in arousing individuals' interests to engage in certain activities or to visit destinations assumed to be risky. However, limited research has been devoted to expand our understanding of the nature of the relationship between sensation seeking and tourist risk perceptions. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of sensation seeking that indirectly influences the relationships between individuals' risk perception and their decision behavior. The results suggest that individuals' sensation-seeking propensity may play a significant role in tolerating some risk types, particularly those associated with physical harm, and accordingly it can increase their willingness to travel to regions perceived to be risky. This research makes an original contribution to the field through the application of an empirical confirmatory approach while suggesting implications for practitioners.
A Dual-Population Genetic Algorithm for Adaptive Diversity Control

A variety of previous works exist on maintaining population diversity of genetic algorithms (GAs). Dual-population GA (DPGA) is a type of multipopulation GA (MPGA) that uses an additional population as a reservoir of diversity. The main population is similar to that of an ordinary GA and evolves to find good solutions. The reserve population evolves to maintain and provide diversity to the main population. While most MPGAs use migration as a means of information exchange between different populations, DPGA uses crossbreeding because the two populations have entirely different fitness functions. The reserve population cannot provide useful diversity to the main population unless the two maintain an appropriate distance. Therefore, DPGA adjusts the distance dynamically to achieve an appropriate balance between exploration and exploitation. The experimental results on various classes of problems using binary, real-valued, and order-based representations show that DPGA quite often outperforms not only the standard GAs but also other GAs having additional mechanisms of diversity preservation.
Europe and the European Community 1992

Completion of the European Community's single internal market by 31 December 1992 is intended to secure the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour within the Community. This article examines the 1992 project with special reference to harmonisation and variation among the twelve members of the EC, `Social Europe' and the Social Charter, `Citizens' Europe', and the wider European context following the collapse of state socialism in Eastern Europe. It is argued that the interaction between the neo-liberalism of the single market, other EC policies, and the various historic practices of the twelve will generate highly complex outcomes for the Community as a whole and for individual members. Novel social and political forms - some of them hard even to conceptualise - may be expected. The same may be said of Eastern Europe. Throughout the continent sociologists will have an indispensible part to play in making the provenance and character of the various outcomes understandable to all concerned.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TRANSFORMATIONAL, TRANSACTIONAL, AND MORAL BASED LEADERSHIP: RESULTS FROM TWO EMPIRICAL STUDIES

The moral foundations of transformational leadership have been challenged in recent discussions. In addition, the relationship between transactional leadership and leaders’ moral-based behavior has not yet been tested empirically. Thus, the question of whether transformational and transactional leadership are related to leaders’ moral behaviors was explored in two independent research studies (total N = 664). Also, the hypothesis that moral-based leadership is related to performance was tested in the two studies. The results confirmed the hypothesis that both transformational and transactional leadership were closely related to moral-based leadership. In addition, moral-based leadership augmented the impact of transactional and transformational leadership on subjective performance, highlighting the utility of moral-based leadership. In sum, these results contribute to our understanding of the relationship between leadership, its moral foundation, and its performance.
Network Homophily and the Evolution of the Pay-It-Forward Reciprocity

The pay-it-forward reciprocity is a type of cooperative behavior that people who have benefited from others return favors to third parties other than the benefactors, thus pushing forward a cascade of kindness. The phenomenon of the pay-it-forward reciprocity is ubiquitous, yet how it evolves to be part of human sociality has not been fully understood. We develop an evolutionary dynamics model to investigate how network homophily influences the evolution of the pay-it-forward reciprocity. Manipulating the extent to which actors carrying the same behavioral trait are linked in networks, the computer simulation model shows that strong network homophily helps consolidate the adaptive advantage of cooperation, yet introducing some heterophily to the formation of network helps advance cooperation's scale further. Our model enriches the literature of inclusive fitness theory by demonstrating the conditions under which cooperation or reciprocity can be selected for in evolution when social interaction is not confined exclusively to relatives.
Wealth Inequality: Ethnic Disparities in Israeli Society

This reserach examines wealth distribution across ethnic groups in Israel and evaluates the role of labor market rewards and intergenerational transfers in producing ethnic disparities. Israel SHARE data from 2005-2006 are used in the analyses. The findings reveal considerable ethnic disparities in wealth. Wealth disparities are most pronounced when Israeli-born Jews are compared with Arabs and with immigrants from the Former Soviet Union. Further analysis suggests that wealth buildup in Israel is influenced by two major sources: income flows and inheritance. The differential impact of the two sources on wealth disparities can be best understood when considering the unique position of each ethnic group in Israeli society.
The study of political transitions in Africa

This article examines some of the inadequacies of dominant Western perspectives, especially those originating from the US for studying political transitions in Africa, by focusing on the current democratic transitions. It attributes the major flaws to the hegemonic and ideological interests which these transitions are designed to serve and which underlie approaches made popular by Western scholars, to a ‘periodic’ conceptualisation of the process of transition itself, to the consequent treatment of transition in an ahistorical manner and the abandonment of previous perspectives of social and political change, and to the failure to relate transitions to the developmental needs of countries involved as determined by the peoples themselves. It discusses how these weaknesses can be overcome and outlines the requirements for a more adequate framework for studying transitions.
Patterns of Self-Efficacy among College Students in Developmental Reading

In this study, we investigated the self-efficacy beliefs and sources of self-efficacy among first-year college students placed in developmental reading courses. Students enrolled in developmental reading were compared to students who were not placed in developmental reading courses in terms of self-efficacy in various contexts and sources of self-efficacy. Results indicated that students in developmental reading courses had significantly lower levels of self-efficacy in academic and personal contexts than students in credit-bearing English courses. Differences for sources of self-efficacy were not statistically significant between groups when we controlled for sex and ethnicity. Students in both groups reported mastery experiences as most influential on reading self-confidence.
Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
Isolated absence of F waves and proximal axonal dysfunction in Guillain-Barré syndrome with antiganglioside antibodies

OBJECTIVES To investigate the pathophysiology of selective absence of F waves and its relation with antiganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Some patients with GBS show the absence of F waves as an isolated conduction abnormality, which has been interpreted as demyelination in the proximal nerve segments. METHODS In 62 consecutive patients with GBS, sequential nerve conduction and F wave studies were reviewed, and antibodies against ganglioside GM1, GM1b, GD1a, GalNAc-GD1a, GD1b, and GQ1b were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In the first electrophysiological studies, isolated absence of F waves was found in 12 (19%) patients. Sequential studies in 10 of these patients showed two electrophysiological sequel patterns; rapid restoration of F waves (six patients), and persistent absence of F waves with distal motor nerve degeneration (acute motor axonal neuropathy, four patients). None of the 10 patients showed evidence of demyelination in the proximal, intermediate, or distal nerve segments throughout the course. Of the 62 patients, IgG antibodies against GM1, GM1b, GalNAc-GD1a, or GD1b were significantly associated with the electrodiagnosis of acute motor axonal neuropathy, and patients with these antibodies more often had isolated absence of F waves than patients without them (11 of 36 (31%)v one of 26 (4%);p<0.01). Eleven of the 12 patients with isolated absence of F waves had positive serology for one or more antiganglioside antibodies. CONCLUSIONS In GBS with antiganglioside antibodies, isolated absence of F waves is a frequent conduction abnormality especially in the early phase of the disease, and may be caused by axonal dysfunction, such as physiological conduction block or axonal degeneration at the nerve roots.
Radical Scavenging Effect of Different Marine Sponges from Mediterranean Coasts

To find new products reducing free radical damage is very important research area in recent pharmaceutical investigations. Considering this inf ormation, different marine sponges distributed in Mediterranean coasts of Turkey were screened for th ei antioxidant capacity. Methanolic extracts of e lev n species from six different localities were investig a ed for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) , nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (SO) radical scavenging a ctivities. Dose dependent radical scavenging act ivity was observed and the results were found to be co mparable to that of known antioxidative compounds , ascorbic acid, quercetin and BHA. The most significant scave nging activity was determined for the methanolic ex tracts of Dysidea avara, Axinella cannabina, Axinella damicor nis, Agelas oroides and Ircinia fasciculata. In addition, localities of the sponges were found to be effectiv for the potency of their activities.
Management of gastric leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: A tertiary care experience and design of a management algorithm

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed 'standalone' bariatric procedure in India. Staple line gastric leaks occur infrequently but cause significant and prolonged morbidity. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the management of patients with a gastric leak after LSG for morbid obesity at our institution. Patients and Methods: From February 2008 to 2014, 650 patients with different degrees of morbid obesity underwent LSG. Among these, all those diagnosed with a gastric leak were included in the study. Patients referred to our institution with gastric leak after LSG were also included. The time of presentation, site of leak, investigations performed, treatment given and time of closure of all leaks were analysed. Results: Among the 650 patients who underwent LSG, 3 (0.46%) developed a gastric leak. Two patients were referred after LSG was performed at another institution. The mean age was 45.60 ± 15.43 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 44.79 ± 5.35. Gastric leak was diagnosed 24 h to 7 months after surgery. One was early, two were intermediate and two were late leaks. Two were type I and three were type II gastric leaks. Endoscopic oesophageal stenting was used variably before or after re-surgery. Re-surgery was performed in all and included stapled fistula excision (re-sleeve), suture repair only or with conversion to roux-en-Y gastric bypass or fistula jujenostomy. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Leakage closure time may be shorter with intervention than expectant management. Sequence and choice of endoscopic oesophageal stenting and/or surgical re-intervention should be individualized according to clinical presentation.
Occupational Therapy Theory Development: Knowledge and Values Held by Recent Graduates

A random sample of recently certified occupational therapists was surveyed regarding their value positions. Results indicated that personal development of occupational therapy theory held low priority relative to other aspects of occupational therapy. Chi square analysis showed that those therapists who obtained their basic professional education in masters' or certificate programs valued theory development significantly more than their baccalaureate educated peers. Results also showed that newly certified occupational therapists did not have knowledge of a wide range of occupational therapy theorists and that such knowledge was unrelated to value position toward theory development.
Fine Structural Study of Neurofibrillary Changes in a Family with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions in the soma and swollen, cord-like cell processes are characteristic alterations of the anterior horn cells in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with posterior column and spinocerebellar tract involvement. A fine structural analysis of these two structures has been performed in two brothers from a family (“C” family) previously described by Kurland and Mulder in 1955. The perikaryal hyaline inclusions consisted of accumulations of randomly oriented neurofilaments interspersed with thick linear densities associated with granular material. Some of the accumulations showed a central condensation. Cord-like, swollen neuronal processes were composed, for the most part, of numerous neurofilaments arranged parallel to the long axes. Dense structures were sometimes observed within the large bundles of filaments. They were composed of ill-defined dense, granular and fibrillar material associated with scattered vesicles and mitochondria. These dense areas were sometimes surrounded by various amounts of fine filaments, approximately 5 nm in diameter.
Environmental and genetic contribution in airway epithelial barrier in asthma pathogenesis

Purpose of reviewTo examine the recent, most relevant genetic and epigenetic modifications of the epithelial barrier in response to the environmental factors, including allergens, viruses, and pollutants, susceptible to participate to asthma. Recent findingsIL-33 and TSLP gene polymorphisms are found in almost all asthma studies. Recent data have highlighted a new population of innate lymphoid cells, activated by these two cytokines, and mediating type 2 innate immunity dependent asthma. Gene variants of innate pattern recognition receptors associated with asthma have been evidenced in early viral infected high-risk birth cohorts, as well as polymorphisms in pathways involved in type I interferon (IFN) production, giving further insight into the role of viruses in asthma development. Novel epigenetic mechanisms have been evidenced in asthma and in response to the environmental pollutants, and point out genes like TSLP, which may link environmental pollution and asthma. SummaryGenetic data support the role of a specific set of epithelial-derived proTh2 cytokines, including IL-33 and TSLP, as well as the role of decreased type I IFN in virus-induced impaired epithelial barrier. Epigenetic modifications of epithelial genes are promising mechanisms that warrant further investigation.
Secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), a key cis-acting element required for target gene activation by secondary wall NAC master switches

The biosynthesis of secondary walls in vascular plants requires the coordinated regulation of a suite of biosynthetic genes, and this coordination has recently been shown to be executed by the secondary wall NAC (SWN)-mediated transcriptional network. In Arabidopsis, five SWNs, including SND1, NST1/2 and VND6/7, function as master transcriptional switches to activate their common targets and consequently the secondary wall biosynthetic program. A recent report by Zhong et al.1 revealed that SWNs bind to a common cis-acting element, namely secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), which is composed of an imperfect palindromic 19-bp consensus sequence, (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T). Genome-wide analysis of direct targets of SWNs showed that SWNs directly activate the expression of not only many transcription factors but also a battery of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis, cell wall modification and programmed cell death, the promoters of which all contain multiple SNBE sites. The functional significance of the SNBE sites is further substantiated by our current in planta expression study demonstrating that representative SNBE sequences from several SWN direct target promoters are sufficient to drive the expression of the GUS reporter gene in secondary wall-forming cells. The identification of the SWN DNA binding element (SNBE) and the SWN direct targets marks an important step forward toward the dissection of the transcriptional network regulating the biosynthesis of secondary walls, the most abundant biomass produced by land plants.
Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front‐line employees

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the complex relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, pay satisfaction and job satisfaction at the retailer that uses a pay-for-performance plan for front-line employees. Design/methodology/approach - This paper draws on a single organization case study across seven stores, and uses a survey, archival documents, open-ended questions and researcher interaction with employees and managers. Findings - The results provide some support for the complementary nature of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation was positively associated with pay and job satisfactions, whereas extrinsic motivation was negatively associated with job satisfaction, and not associated with pay satisfaction. The qualitative insights indicate that pay fairness is important, and those who perceived pay was not fair generally made comparisons with others or felt that pay did not reflect their effort. It is also found that the majority of employees perceived that goals were clear. Research limitations/implications - The dominance of extrinsic motivation without including behavioural, social, and psychological factors in agency theory research is questioned. The research finds no support for “crowding out”, but rather finds some evidence of “crowding in” where intrinsic motivation is enhanced, to the detriment of extrinsic motivation. Practical implications - The findings highlight that managers should enhance both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and pay employees well to increase job satisfaction. Originality/value - Few studies examine incentives for front-line employees, and there is evidence that minimum wage employees can have high intrinsic motivation. Perceptions of pay fairness can vary across motivation levels, age, and gender.
Molybdenum Reduction to Molybdenum Blue in Serratia sp. Strain DRY5 Is Catalyzed by a Novel Molybdenum-Reducing Enzyme

The first purification of the Mo-reducing enzyme from Serratia sp. strain DRY5 that is responsible for molybdenum reduction to molybdenum blue in the bacterium is reported. The monomeric enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 105 kDalton. The isoelectric point of this enzyme was 7.55. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 6.0 and maximum activity between 25 and 35°C. The Mo-reducing enzyme was extremely sensitive to temperatures above 50°C (between 54 and 70°C). A plot of initial rates against substrate concentrations at 15 mM 12-MP registered a V max for NADH at 12.0 nmole Mo blue/min/mg protein. The apparent K m for NADH was 0.79 mM. At 5 mM NADH, the apparent V max and apparent K m values for 12-MP of 12.05 nmole/min/mg protein and 3.87 mM, respectively, were obtained. The catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) of the Mo-reducing enzyme was 5.47 M−1 s−1. The purification of this enzyme could probably help to solve the phenomenon of molybdenum reduction to molybdenum blue first reported in 1896 and would be useful for the understanding of the underlying mechanism in molybdenum bioremediation involving bioreduction.