Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mammary ductal elongation and myoepithelial migration are regulated by the composition of the extracellular matrix

Mammary branching morphogenesis occurs over a period of weeks deep inside an adipocyte‐rich stroma. The adipocytes contain light‐scattering lipid droplets that limit the depth of penetration of visible light. Organotypic culture methods were developed to enable high‐resolution optical monitoring of branching morphogenesis ex vivo. A challenge has been to identify the best culture conditions to model specific developmental events. We recently demonstrated that collagen I induces protrusive invasion in both normal and neoplastic mammary epithelium. In this study, we observed that the abundance of collagen I fibrils correlated strongly with invasive behaviour, even when the collagen I concentration was identical. We found that the extent of fibril assembly was experimentally manipulable by varying the incubation time at 4°C following pH neutralization. We next tested the capacity of collagen I fibrils to induce invasive behaviour when presented in combination with basement membrane proteins (Matrigel). We found that epithelial organoids in mixed gels of collagen I and basement membrane proteins exhibited more extensive branching morphogenesis but did not initiate protrusions into the matrix. Organoids in pure Matrigel produced many small epithelial buds that were bare of myoepithelial cells. Surprisingly, organoids in mixed gels of collagen I and Matrigel produced fewer epithelial buds, the buds elongated further, and the elongating buds remained covered by myoepithelial cells. Our mixed gels therefore provide a more physiologically accurate model of mammary branching morphogenesis. Our results also suggest that changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix could induce migration of epithelial cells past myoepithelial coverage.
IFNγ/IL-10 Co-producing Cells Dominate the CD4 Response to Malaria in Highly Exposed Children

Although evidence suggests that T cells are critical for immunity to malaria, reliable T cell correlates of exposure to and protection from malaria among children living in endemic areas are lacking. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to perform a detailed functional characterization of malaria-specific T cells in 78 four-year-old children enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study in Tororo, Uganda, a highly malaria-endemic region. More than 1800 episodes of malaria were observed in this cohort, with no cases of severe malaria. We quantified production of IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-10 (alone or in combination) by malaria-specific T cells, and analyzed the relationship of this response to past and future malaria incidence. CD4+ T cell responses were measurable in nearly all children, with the majority of children having CD4+ T cells producing both IFNγ and IL-10 in response to malaria-infected red blood cells. Frequencies of IFNγ/IL10 co-producing CD4+ T cells, which express the Th1 transcription factor T-bet, were significantly higher in children with ≥2 prior episodes/year compared to children with <2 episodes/year (P<0.001) and inversely correlated with duration since malaria (Rho = −0.39, P<0.001). Notably, frequencies of IFNγ/IL10 co-producing cells were not associated with protection from future malaria after controlling for prior malaria incidence. In contrast, children with <2 prior episodes/year were significantly more likely to exhibit antigen-specific production of TNFα without IL-10 (P = 0.003). While TNFα-producing CD4+ T cells were not independently associated with future protection, the absence of cells producing this inflammatory cytokine was associated with the phenotype of asymptomatic infection. Together these data indicate that the functional phenotype of the malaria-specific T cell response is heavily influenced by malaria exposure intensity, with IFNγ/IL10 co-producing CD4+ T cells dominating this response among highly exposed children. These CD4+ T cells may play important modulatory roles in the development of antimalarial immunity.
Glycine Insertion Makes Yellow Fluorescent Protein Sensitive to Hydrostatic Pressure

Fluorescent protein-based indicators for intracellular environment conditions such as pH and ion concentrations are commonly used to study the status and dynamics of living cells. Despite being an important factor in many biological processes, the development of an indicator for the physicochemical state of water, such as pressure, viscosity and temperature, however, has been neglected. We here found a novel mutation that dramatically enhances the pressure dependency of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) by inserting several glycines into it. The crystal structure of the mutant showed that the tyrosine near the chromophore flipped toward the outside of the β-can structure, resulting in the entry of a few water molecules near the chromophore. In response to changes in hydrostatic pressure, a spectrum shift and an intensity change of the fluorescence were observed. By measuring the fluorescence of the YFP mutant, we succeeded in measuring the intracellular pressure change in living cell. This study shows a new strategy of design to engineer fluorescent protein indicators to sense hydrostatic pressure.
The Impact of Males Proposing Condom Use on Perceptions of an Initial Sexual Encounter

The authors investigated the impact of the introduction of a condom into an initial sexual encounter on the perception of the male condom proposer and the likely outcome of the sexual encounter. College students viewed a videotape depicting the development of an initial sexual encounter. Method of condom introduction (verbal, nonverbal, no condom control) was varied. Respondents evaluated the condom proposer on five characteristics (nice, mature, romantic, exciting, promiscuous). Condom proposers were perceived as nicer and more mature but less romantic and exciting than nonproposers. Women but not men perceived the proposer as nicer and more mature and less promiscuous when he introduced the condom verbally rather than nonverbally. Men but not women estimated that proposing condom use diminished the chance of sexual intercourse. Results are discussed from the perspectives of person perception, sex role stereotypes, the evolutionary perspective on mate selection, and the applied perspective of the implications for intervention.
Comparison between direct estimation of LDL and Friedewald ' s formula

Background: The reference method for determining LDL-C is b-quantification. It requires ultracentrifugation, uses large volumes of samples and is a time consuming and expensive technique. Therefore, this method is not suitable for routine laboratory testing. The Friedewald’s formula use in routine practice for LDL has many limitation as it is not suitable for TG values >400 mg/dl. Also it tends to underestimate the LDL values. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained by direct homogenous assay for LDLC to those obtained by Friedewald’s formulas with the assumption that the results obtained by direct assay are the most accurate. Materials and methods: Outpatient fasting complete lipid profile (including directly measured LDL) for patients >18 years of age performed between October 2014 and January 2015 was included in the study. A total of 1768 separate fasting lipid profiles were analyzed. Calculated LDL was derived using FF, and directly measured using homogenous assay using liquid selective detergent. Fasting heparin samples were collected Results: It was found that the level of LDL estimated by Friedewald’s formula was significantly lesser than that by direct estimation of LDL. There was a direct positive correlation between LDL by direct method and Friedewald’s formula. Conclusion: Novel and innovative direct homogeneous assays are accurate, precise, fully automated and cost effective. Therefore, for correct cardiac risk classification, direct homogeneous assay should be the method of choice to estimate LDL-C in routine clinical laboratories. Warade JP, Dahake H, Kavitha R. Comparison between direct estimation of LDL and Friedewald's formula. IAIM, 2016; 3(2): 10-17.
A comparison of two methods for identifying surgical site infections following orthopaedic surgery.

Many infection control practitioners (ICPs) dedicate a significant amount of time and resources to surveillance of surgical site infections (SSIs). Alternative surveillance methods need to be explored to reflect the changes to the healthcare system and the increasing economic constraints placed on infection control units. This study was undertaken to compare two methods of identifying SSIs in orthopaedic surgery. Surveillance data collected routinely by ICPs was compared with data obtained from the International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding in the medical record. Concordant results between the two methods were obtained. The use of ICD-9-CM coding, as stored in hospital patient administration system databases, has the ability to enhance routine surgical site surveillance programmes. These systems can be used as the basis for screening large data sets for SSIs and identifying where SSIs resulted in patient re-admission. A reduction in the duplication of data and time spent by the ICP on the collection of information for surveillance purposes can be achieved.
The Reduction of the Duration of the Transient Response in a Class of Continuous-Time LTV Filters

Linear time-varying (LTV) systems have found a niche of their own in the processing of continuous-time signals. In this brief, it is shown how the reduction of the duration of the transient response of a class of continuous-time LTV filters may be seen as the combined effect of the increased dampening of its amplitude response and the increase of the instantaneous frequency of its damped oscillations. For this aim, an LTV system whose damping factor and the damped frequency of its oscillations may be specified as functions of time is used as a vehicle of study. Time-varying eigenvalues are used to assess the behavior of the proposed system. Simulation results are used to verify the proposed mechanism behind the reduction of the duration of the transient response in the LTV filters under study.
Computing the maximum similarity bi-clusters of gene expression data

MOTIVATIONS Bi-clustering is an important approach in microarray data analysis. The underlying bases for using bi-clustering in the analysis of gene expression data are (1) similar genes may exhibit similar behaviors only under a subset of conditions, not all conditions, (2) genes may participate in more than one function, resulting in one regulation pattern in one context and a different pattern in another. Using bi-clustering algorithms, one can obtain sets of genes that are co-regulated under subsets of conditions. RESULTS We develop a polynomial time algorithm to find an optimal bi-cluster with the maximum similarity score. To our knowledge, this is the first formulation for bi-cluster problems that admits a polynomial time algorithm for optimal solutions. The algorithm works for a special case, where the bi-clusters are approximately squares. We then extend the algorithm to handle various kinds of other cases. Experiments on simulation data and real data show that the new algorithms outperform most of the existing methods in many cases. Our new algorithms have the following advantages: (1) no discretization procedure is required, (2) performs well for overlapping bi-clusters and (3) works well for additive bi-clusters. AVAILABILITY The software is available at http://www.cs. cityu.edu. hk/~liuxw/msbe/help.html.
EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM, MULTICULTURALISM AND THE THIRD WAY

The tradition of European democratic socialism continues to be central to current debates in respect of the provision of comprehensive forms of education in the British national context. Focusing on the writing of Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams I outline their different if related attempts to rethink the provision of ‘public’ forms of education. Through an analysis of their distinctive contributions the argument seeks to defend the importance of ideals related to the common good and solidarity with the urban poor. In this article, I argue that Anthony Giddens's ideas in respect of the third way have sought to rethink the relationship between democratic socialism and education. While disputing the view that the third way can be dismissed as a form of neo-liberalism, I seek to defend less market-based forms of education and ideals related to self-development. The danger here remains that the third way gives up too much ground to neo-liberal attempts to reshape society and education in the image of the market place. Finally I argue that democratic socialist arguments need to be revived in more contemporary settings while being rethought through more multicultural concerns. Yet while such a political strategy is necessary to develop an alternative hegemony on questions of education it is likely to be reliant upon the emergence of a robust European socialist and multicultural left.
Emotion, Somatovisceral Afference, and Autonomic Regulation

The precise relationship between the autonomic nervous system and emotion has been a topic of intense debate and research throughout the history of modern psychology. The present article considers some of the more influential theoretical frameworks that continue to drive contemporary research on the relationship between emotion and physiological processes. In particular, we highlight the multiple routes through which somatovisceral afference influences emotion and how this relates to the topic of emotion-specific patterns of autonomic nervous system activity.
Response of "idiopathic" recurrent angioneurotic oedema to tranexamic acid.

tuberculous drugs were discontinued and he was started on chlorambucil 4-6 mg daily for six months followed by 2 mg daily. He was also given a red cell transfusion and a 10-week course of prednisolone. He responded with a weight gain of 5 kg within four months, resorption of pleural fluid, and fall of serum IgM to 6 g/l in February 1978. Comment The features of WM are fatigue, weakness, anaemia, bleeding, hyperviscosity syndrome, and enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.l Nevertheless, WM may have predominantly pulmonary manifestations in the absence of some or most of the features listed above. Winterbauer et al2 reviewed 15 such cases which showed the following radiological features: pleural effusion, diffuse pulmonary infiltration, hilar enlargement, and tumour-like opacities. Out of the six cases with pleural effusion, two were not associated with any parenchymal lesions, as was the case in our patient. While respiratory symptoms, anaemia, and weight loss were present, the main characteristic features of this disorder were absent in our patient. The high concentration of IgM in the pleural fluid indicated that IgM-producing lymphocytes were present in the pleura. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia should be considered in any elderly patient with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, recurrent pleural effusion, and a protein content of more than 50 g/l. This disorder, though rare, is treatable and is compatible with many years of survival. Response of "idiopathic" recurrent angioneurotic oedema to tranexamic acid Recurrent episodes of angioneurotic oedema without any obvious allergic basis or identifiable precipitating causes present a not uncommon clinical problem, often difficult to manage. The episodes of oedema may cause considerable embarrassment and threaten obstruction to the airway. A well-recognised but rare cause for such attacks of spontaneous oedema is hereditary angioneurotic oedema, due to a genetically determined defect in the inhibitor to the activated first component of complement, Cl esterase inhibitor. ' 2 The symptoms of hereditary angioneurotic oedema are controlled by synthetic inhibitors, which act primarily as inhibitors of plasmin, though they also affect other systems. These are epsilon aminocaproioc acid,3 and more recently its cyclic analogue tranexamic acid.4 We have recently seen two women with recurrent attacks of spontaneous oedema not due to hereditary angioneurotic oedema but responding dramatically to tranexamic acid. Case histories Case 1-A 24-year-old married woman had had intermittent attacks of angioneurotic oedema for about five years, but these had been particularly troublesome in the previous 18 months, …
Widespread Cortical Networks Underlie Memory and Attention

The traditional view of cognitive mechanisms in the brain assigns discrete kinds of cognitive function, such as memory and attention, to discrete specialized areas of cortex. In his Perspective, Gaffan discusses recent evidence from disorders of both memory and attention, which indicates that widespread cortical networks, rather than localized areas of cortex, underlie these functions.
Coping research: Historical background, links with emotion, and new research directions on adaptive processes

Abstract The general purpose of this review is to briefly describe the historical foundations of coping research covering how it has evolved, over the past three to four decades, from research founded on a deficit model of stress to research that focused more often on exploring people's capacity to deal with life's circumstances and fulfil their potential. Five topic areas are covered. First, key theoretical underpinnings of coping research are described. Second, links between coping responses and emotion are presented, with an emphasis on how coping can mitigate the individual and environmental impacts of stress. Third, developmental studies of stress and coping are introduced showing how it is functionally important across the age span but may change in form. Fourth, the challenges for measuring coping are considered by describing classic and new approaches to assessment. Finally, later developments in coping research are covered by identifying recent research on proactive coping and dyadic approaches. Overall, this review also illustrates how coping research has traversed the full gamut of the lifespan.
INTEGRATING POPULATION , HEALTH , AND ENVIRONMENT IN TANZANIA

B R i n g i n g I n f o r m a t i o n t o D e c i s i o n m a k e r s f o r G l o b a l E f f e c t i v e n e s s The number of people, where they live, and how they live, all affect the condition of the environment. People alter the environment by clearing land for development, using natural resources, and producing wastes. Changes in environmental conditions, in turn, affect human health and well-being. Rural poverty, a high population growth rate, deforestation, and fresh water scarcity, for example, all pose challenges for policymakers in Tanzania and elsewhere in Africa (see table, page 2). While links among population, health, and the environment are sometimes acknowledged in national-level policies and development strategies, most development efforts continue to employ a traditional sectoral approach, aligned with the division of government services and institutional structures. In doing so, opportunities for achieving superior results—in cost-effectiveness, programmatic and administrative efficiencies, and programmatic outcomes—by employing an integrated, holistic approach may be missed.
Tree Kernel-Based Relation Extraction with Context-Sensitive Structured Parse Tree Information

This paper proposes a tree kernel with contextsensitive structured parse tree information for relation extraction. It resolves two critical problems in previous tree kernels for relation extraction in two ways. First, it automatically determines a d ynamic context-sensitive tree span for relation extraction by extending the widely -used Shortest Path-enclosed Tree (SPT) to include necessary context information outside SPT. Second, it pr oposes a context -sensitive convolution tree kernel, which enumerates both context-free and contextsensitive sub-trees by consid ering their ancestor node paths as their contexts. Moreover, this paper evaluates the complementary nature between our tree kernel and a state -of-the-art linear kernel. Evaluation on the ACE RDC corpora shows that our dynamic context-sensitive tree span is much more suitable for relation extraction than SPT and our tree kernel outperforms the state-of-the-art Collins and Duffy’s convolution tree kernel. It also shows that our tree kernel achieves much better performance than the state-of-the-art linear kernels . Finally, it shows that feature-based and tree kernel-based methods much complement each other and the composite kernel can well integrate both flat and structured features.
Bidirectional Extreme Learning Machine for Regression Problem and Its Learning Effectiveness

It is clear that the learning effectiveness and learning speed of neural networks are in general far slower than required, which has been a major bottleneck for many applications. Recently, a simple and efficient learning method, referred to as extreme learning machine (ELM), was proposed by Huang , which has shown that, compared to some conventional methods, the training time of neural networks can be reduced by a thousand times. However, one of the open problems in ELM research is whether the number of hidden nodes can be further reduced without affecting learning effectiveness. This brief proposes a new learning algorithm, called bidirectional extreme learning machine (B-ELM), in which some hidden nodes are not randomly selected. In theory, this algorithm tends to reduce network output error to 0 at an extremely early learning stage. Furthermore, we find a relationship between the network output error and the network output weights in the proposed B-ELM. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can be tens to hundreds of times faster than other incremental ELM algorithms.
Automatic verification of design patterns in Java

Design patterns are widely used by designers and developers for building complex systems in object-oriented programming languages such as Java. However, systems evolve over time, increasing the chance that the pattern in its original form will be broken.To verify that a design pattern has not been broken requires specifying the original intent of the design pattern. Whilst informal descriptions of design patterns exist, no formal specifications are available due to differences in implementations between programming languages.We present a pattern specification language, Spine, that allows patterns to be defined in terms of constraints on their implementation in Java. We also present some examples of patterns defined in Spine and show how they are processed using a proof engine called Hedgehog.The conclusion discusses the type of patterns that are amenable to defining in Spine, and highlights some repeated mini-patterns discovered in the formalisation of these design patterns.
Adaptive Frame structure for Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) Networks

Frame structure is essential to the proper operation of a Mobile Multihop Relay networks such as the IEEE 802.16e OFDMA network, as it governs the fundamental channel access in both time and frequency domain. The frame structure design is more challenging in the new mobile multihop relay based (MMR) network architecture, as numerous dimensions of design constraints and challenges have been introduced therein. In this paper, we propose a simple yet flexible multi-zone framework based upon the current 802.16e OFDMA frame structure design, which enables multihop operation while still maintaining the backward compatibility with the legacy mobile stations1. Further performance evaluation not only demonstrates the capacity improvement an MMR network can achieve based upon the proposed frame structure, but also establishes a more profound understanding on the range extension aspect of a relay network2.