Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Protects Striatal Neurons against Excitotoxicity by Enhancing Glial Glutamate Uptake

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a potent neuroprotective cytokine in different animal models of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, although its action mechanisms are still poorly characterized. We tested the hypothesis that an increased function of glial glutamate transporters (GTs) could underlie CNTF-mediated neuroprotection. We show that neuronal loss induced by in vivo striatal injection of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QA) was significantly reduced (by ∼75%) in CNTF-treated animals. In striatal slices, acute QA application dramatically inhibited corticostriatal field potentials (FPs), whose recovery was significantly higher in CNTF rats compared to controls (∼40% vs. ∼7%), confirming an enhanced resistance to excitotoxicity. The GT inhibitor dl-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate greatly reduced FP recovery in CNTF rats, supporting the role of GT in CNTF-mediated neuroprotection. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from striatal medium spiny neurons showed no alteration of basic properties of striatal glutamatergic transmission in CNTF animals, but the increased effect of a low-affinity competitive glutamate receptor antagonist (γ-d-glutamylglycine) also suggested an enhanced GT function. These data strongly support our hypothesis that CNTF is neuroprotective via an increased function of glial GTs, and further confirms the therapeutic potential of CNTF for the clinical treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases involving glutamate overflow.
Market Access and Regional Disparities: New Economic Geography in Europe

New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages affect the geographic distribution of economic activities, confirming the basic findings of previous analyses. However, regarding the spatial extent of demand linkages, our results differ significantly from previous findings that point to highly localised effects.
Calbindin-D9k Ablation Disrupt Glucose/Pancreatic Insulin Homeostasis

It has been proposed that cellular Ca2+ signals activate hormone secretion. In pancreatic β cells, which produce insulin, Ca2+ signals have been known to contribute to insulin secretion. Prior to this study, we confirmed that insulin-secreting β cells express CaBP-9k, and assumed that CaBP-9k play a role in β cell insulin synthesis or secretion. Using CaBP-9k knock out (KO) mice, we demonstrated that ablation of CaBP-9k causes reducing insulin secretion and increasing serum glucose. To compare the role of CaBP-9k with pathophysiological conditions, we exposed wild-type and CaBP-9k KO mice to hypoxic conditions for 10 days. Hypoxia induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, increasing both insulin signaling and insulin resistance. By exposing hypoxia, CaBP-9k KO mice showed an increased level of ER stress marker protein relative to wild type mice. Without hypoxic conditions, CaBP-9K ablation regulates calcium channels and causes ER stress in a CaBP-9K specific manner. Ablation of CaBP-9k also showed decreased levels of sulfonylurea receptor1 (SUR1) and inward-rectifier potassium ion channel 6.2 (Kir6.2), which are insulin secretion marker genes. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that CaBP-9k regulates synthesis of insulin and is part of the insulin-secreting calcium signaling.
Sexual Teens, Sexual Media: Investigating Media's Influence on Adolescent Sexuality

Contents: J.D. Brown, J.R. Steele, K. Walsh-Childers, Preface. J.D. Brown, J.R. Steele, K. Walsh-Childers, Introduction and Overview. M.J. Sutton, J.D. Brown, K.M. Wilson, J.D. Klein, Shaking the Tree of Knowledge for Forbidden Fruit: Where Adolescents Learn About Sexuality and Contraception. Part I:Television. K.M. Cope-Farrar, D. Kunkel, Sexual Messages in Teens' Favorite Prime-Time Television Programs. B.S. Greenberg, S.W. Smith, Daytime Talk Shows: Up Close and in Your Face. L.M. Ward, B. Gorvine, A. Cytron-Walker, Would That Really Happen? Adolescents' Perceptions of Sexual Relationships According to Prime-Time Television. L.J. Hofschire, B.S. Greenberg, Media's Impact on Adolescents' Body Dissatisfaction. Part II:Magazines. K. Walsh-Childers, A. Gotthoffer, C.R. Lepre, From "Just the Facts" to "Downright Salacious": Teen's and Women's Magazine Coverage of Sex and Sexual Health. D. Treise, A. Gotthoffer, Stuff You Couldn't Ask Your Parents: Teens Talking About Using Magazines for Sex Information. J. Wray, J.R. Steele, Girls in Print: Figuring out What It Means to Be a Girl. Part III:Movies, Music, the Internet. C.J. Pardun, Romancing the Script: Identifying the Romantic Agenda in Top-Grossing Movies. J.R. Steele, Teens and Movies: Something to Do, Plenty to Learn. J.J. Arnett, The Sounds of Sex: Sex in Teens' Music and Music Videos. S. Stern, Sexual Selves on the World Wide Web: Adolescent Girls' Home Pages as Sites of Sexual Self-Expression.
Multimedia Content Identification Through Smart Meter Power Usage Profiles

Advanced metering devices (smart meters) are being installed throughout electric networks in Germany (as well as in other parts of Europe and in the United States). Unfortunately, smart meters are able to become surveillance devices that monitor the behavior of the customers. This leads to unprecedented invasions of consumer privacy. The high-resolution energy consumption data which are transmitted to the utility company allow intrusive identiﬁcation and monitoring of equipment within consumers’ homes (e. g., TV set, refrigerator, toaster, and oven). Our research shows that the analysis of the household’s electricity usage proﬁle at a 0 . 5 s − 1 sample rate does reveal what channel the TV set in the household was displaying. It is also possible to identify (copyright-protected) audiovisual content in the power proﬁle that is displayed on a CRT 1 , a Plasma display TV or a LCD 2 television set with dynamic backlighting. Our test results indicate that a 5 minutes-chunk of consecutive viewing without major interference by other appliances is suﬃcient to identify the content. Our investigation also reveals that the data transmitted via the Internet by the smart meter are unsigned and unencrypted. Our tests were performed on a sealed, operational smart meter used for electricity metering in a private home in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Parameters for other television sets were obtained with an identical smart meter deployed in a university lab.
Goal‐setting in practice: The effects of personality and perceptions of the goal‐setting process on job satisfaction and goal commitment

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate how individual perceptions by employees of a goal‐setting program and personality traits influence job satisfaction and goal commitment.Design/methodology/approach – Using the German version of Locke and Latham's goal‐setting questionnaire, 97 production employees judged the quality of the goal‐setting program in their company with regard to content‐related problems of goals (e.g. goal clarity), process in dyad (e.g. supervisor support), and setting‐related aspects (e.g. rewards). Data were also collected on the participants' conscientiousness and neuroticism.Findings – The results showed that job satisfaction is predicted by content and setting‐related aspects, whereas content‐related aspects affected goal commitment. Conscientiousness explained variance in goal commitment independent of individual perceptions of the goal‐setting program, whereas neuroticism affected job satisfaction indirectly via the perceptions of goal content.Practical implicatio.
A Large Scale Ranker-Based System for Search Query Spelling Correction

This paper makes three significant extensions to a noisy channel speller designed for standard written text to target the challenging domain of search queries. First, the noisy channel model is subsumed by a more general ranker, which allows a variety of features to be easily incorporated. Second, a distributed infrastructure is proposed for training and applying Web scale n-gram language models. Third, a new phrase-based error model is presented. This model places a probability distribution over transformations between multi-word phrases, and is estimated using large amounts of query-correction pairs derived from search logs. Experiments show that each of these extensions leads to significant improvements over the state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Query Reformulation on the Internet: Empirical Data and the Hyperindex Search Engine

Often queries to internet search engines consist of one or two terms. As a consequence, the effectiveness of the retrieval suffers. This paper describes an internet search engine that helps the user formulate their query by a process of navigation through a structured, automatically constructed, information space called a hyperindex. In the first part of this paper, the logs of an internet search engine were analyzed to determine the proportions with which different types of query transformation occur. It was found that the primary transformation type was repetition of the previous query. Users also substitute, add and delete terms from a previous query and with lower frequency split compound terms, make changes to spelling, punctuation, and case and use derivative forms of words and abbreviations. The second part of the paper details the hyperindex - which aids the user in query term addition and deletion. The architecture of a hyperindex-based internet search engine is presented. Some initial practical experiences are also discussed.
Addicted to crime

THEORY A Theoretical Model of the Behavioural Addictions--Applied to Offending (I. Brown) Crime and Emotion Control (D. Roger) Addiction to Violence (J. Hodge) APPLICATION Addiction Models of Sexual Offending (G. McGregor & K. Howells) Addictions and Multiple Murder: A Behavioural Perspective (D. Gresswell & C. Hollin) Joy-Riding: An Addictive Behaviour? (R. Kilpatrick) The Development of a Brief Intervention for Car Theft (M. McMurran & J. Whitman) 'Irrational' Shoplifting and Models of Addiction (J. McGuire) Index.
Rewiring monocyte glucose metabolism via C-type lectin signaling protects against disseminated candidiasis

Monocytes are innate immune cells that play a pivotal role in antifungal immunity, but little is known regarding the cellular metabolic events that regulate their function during infection. Using complementary transcriptomic and immunological studies in human primary monocytes, we show that activation of monocytes by Candida albicans yeast and hyphae was accompanied by metabolic rewiring induced through C-type lectin-signaling pathways. We describe that the innate immune responses against Candida yeast are energy-demanding processes that lead to the mobilization of intracellular metabolite pools and require induction of glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and glutaminolysis, while responses to hyphae primarily rely on glycolysis. Experimental models of systemic candidiasis models validated a central role for glucose metabolism in anti-Candida immunity, as the impairment of glycolysis led to increased susceptibility in mice. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of understanding the complex network of metabolic responses triggered during infections, and unveil new potential targets for therapeutic approaches against fungal diseases.
How language is used to do business : essays on the rhetoric of economics

Preface - Paul Turpin Acknowledgements Foreword: "How to Buy, Sell, Make, Manage, Produce, Transact, Consume, with Words" - Deirdre McCloskey Introduction - Edward M. Clift 1 Rhetoric, Markets, and Value Creation: Notes towards a Productive Rhetoric - Locke Carter 2 J.S. Mill's Art and Business of Life and the Humility of Bona Fide Scholarship - David Gore 3 The Meaning-Surplus of Rhetoric and Hermeneutics: Metaphor and Humanism in Economics - Till Duppe 4 The State of Economics Methodology in the Education of Economics in Iran - Mohammad Hassan Fotros 5 Neoliberalism and Rhetoric: The Brazilian Chapter - Leda Maria Paulani 6 Teaching Rhetoric with Economics: A Canon of Eloquence, Truth, Lies, or All of the Above? - Ken Baake 7 Negotiating Transaction Cost Economics: Oliver Williamson and his Audiences - Huascar F. Pessali and Ramon G. Fernandez 8 The Cameelious Hump and 'Just-So Stories' in Economic Literature: A Linguistic Analysis - Benedikt Szmrecsanyi and Nils Goldschmidt 9 Making Rhetoric Work: An Analysis of the Work of Robert Putnam - Leonardo M. Monasterio and Ramon G. Fernandez 10 The Rhetoricity of Enterprise - Dale Cyphert 11 Making McCloskey's Rhetoric Empirical: Company Law and Tragedies of the Commons in Nineteenth-Century Britain - Wade E. Shilts 12 The Devil and the Angel Whispering in the Spouse's Ear: Protecting Sanctity of the Marriage between Antitrust and Economics - Benjamin Balak and Jonathan M. Lave 13 Inventing Markets: Limits of Construction, Limits of Fact - Michael Salvo 14 Economic Externalities and Ecologies: Opportunities to Solve Market Failures that Cause Air Pollution - Joseph Siry 15 The Market as Metaphor: Four Stories of the Market at U.S. Policy Think Tanks - Peter-Wim Zuidhof 16 Money Talks: Alan Greenspan and the Voice of Capital - Geoffrey D. Klinger 17 Premonition as Profit: Hyper-Capitalism and the Cultivation of Anxiety - Edward M. Clift Index.
Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Experience With the Mitchell-Ponseti Brace

Objective: The Mitchell-Ponseti (MP) foot abduction orthosis was introduced to provide a more user-friendly alternative to the traditional Denis-Browne (DB) brace in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. We describe our experience with the effectiveness of the MP brace to maintain correction of clubfeet corrected using the Ponseti method. Methods: We evaluated 57 consecutive infants with 84 idiopathic clubfeet who were treated using the Ponseti method. After initial correction of the deformity was obtained, all infants were placed in the MP brace. Results: The patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 37.9 mo; range, 24 to 56 mo). Seventy-nine feet (94%) had heel-cord tenotomy or lengthening. The families of 34 (60%) patients were adherent with the postcorrective brace protocol. Skin problems were observed in 8 patients (14%), 6 of which were superficial dorsal skin abrasion, and none of the sandals required customization by an orthotist. A recurrence occurred in 40 feet (48%). Correction was regained with manipulation and cast application in all cases. Nineteen feet (23%) in 14 patients have had, or are scheduled for, an anterior tibial tendon transfer. At latest follow-up, all feet were plantigrade and had at least 10 degrees of dorsiflexion. None of the patients required surgical releases. Of 31 patients followed for at least 3 years, 26 (84%) used the brace for a minimum of 3 years. Conclusions: Using the MP foot abduction orthosis, we were able to achieve compliance rates that were at least comparable with those of earlier reports using the DB brace. Families found the brace easy to use. The MP brace may be considered a useful alternative to the DB brace. Level of Evidence: Level II—prospective.
Wetting of Porous Solids

This paper presents a simple, three stage method to simulate the mechanics of wetting of porous solid objects, like sponges and cloth, when they interact with a fluid. In the first stage, we model the absorption of fluid by the object when it comes in contact with the fluid. In the second stage, we model the transport of absorbed fluid inside the object, due to diffusion, as a flow in a deforming, unstructured mesh. The fluid diffuses within the object depending on saturation of its various parts and other body forces. Finally, in the third stage, oversaturated parts of the object shed extra fluid by dripping. The simulation model is motivated by the physics of imbibition of fluids into porous solids in the presence of gravity. It is phenomenologically capable of simulating wicking and imbibition, dripping, surface flows over wet media, material weakening, and volume expansion due to wetting. The model is inherently mass conserving and works for both thin 2D objects like cloth and for 3D volumetric objects like sponges. It is also designed to be computationally efficient and can be easily added to existing cloth, soft body, and fluid simulation pipelines.
Simultaneous monitoring of P53 protein and dna content of colorectal adenocarcinomas by flow cytometry

The p53 transformation‐related gene is located on 17p, a chromosomal segment frequently under‐represented in colorectal adenocarcinoma karyotypes. We have developed a flow cytometric method for detection of its gene product on isolated nuclei by indirect immunofluorescence. Criteria for defining the presence of p53 were established, using parameters related to the difference of fluorescence obtained by incubating nuclei with a specific monoclonal antibody (MAB) versus isotypic control. This method allowed simultaneous quantitation of p53 and DNA in tumor nuclei to be made. Twenty‐two of the 41 tumors analyzed (54%) were found to overexpress p53 when compared to 13 normal mucosa specimens. Repeated preparations from different fragments of the same tumor gave reproducible results for the 21 cases tested. p53 was detected in a higher proportion of disseminated tumors (64%) compared to localized disease (39%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (X2 = 2.4, p > 0.10). Tumors containing aneuploid cell subpopulations were also more frequently positive (65%) than diploid ones (20%), the difference being significant (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.03). This dual parameter flow cytometric method, evaluating both DNA ploidy and p53 expression, may prove useful in identifying different biological subgroups of colorectal cancer.
Streaming G-Buffer Compression for Multi-Sample Anti-Aliasing

We present a novel lossy compression algorithm for G-buffers that enables deferred shading applications with high visibility sampling rates. Our streaming compression method operates in a single geometry rendering pass with a fixed, but scalable, amount of per pixel memory. We demonstrate reduced memory requirements and improved performance, with minimal impact on image quality.
Formation of Kinneyia via shear-induced instabilities in microbial mats

Kinneyia are a class of microbially mediated sedimentary fossils. Characterized by clearly defined ripple structures, Kinneyia are generally found in areas that were formally littoral habitats and covered by microbial mats. To date, there has been no conclusive explanation of the processes involved in the formation of these fossils. Microbial mats behave like viscoelastic fluids. We propose that the key mechanism involved in the formation of Kinneyia is a Kelvin–Helmholtz-type instability induced in a viscoelastic film under flowing water. A ripple corrugation is spontaneously induced in the film and grows in amplitude over time. Theoretical predictions show that the ripple instability has a wavelength proportional to the thickness of the film. Experiments carried out using viscoelastic films confirm this prediction. The ripple pattern that forms has a wavelength roughly three times the thickness of the film. This behaviour is independent of the viscosity of the film and the flow conditions. Laboratory-analogue Kinneyia were formed via the sedimentation of glass beads, which preferentially deposit in the troughs of the ripples. Well-ordered patterns form, with both honeycomb-like and parallel ridges being observed, depending on the flow speed. These patterns correspond well with those found in Kinneyia, with similar morphologies, wavelengths and amplitudes being observed.
Cisplatin induces apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line.

BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CDDP) is cytotoxic, inducing apoptosis in some tumoral cell lines in vitro. Since CDDP is an effective drug in vivo treatment of neuroblastoma, we tested this drug on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Materials and methods. The effect of CDDP on cultured SH-SY5Y cells was determined with trypan blue dye exclusion test, LDH activity and DNA electrophoresis. Cultures were observed by light and electron microscope. Flow cytometric analysis was also carried out. RESULTS CDDP inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma cells and reduces cell viability. Cell death occurs by apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological criteria and typical DNA laddering. Flow cytometry demonstrates that CDDP-treated cells are arrested in the G2/M phase before entering programmed cell death. CONCLUSIONS CDDP is thus effective on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, inducing apoptosis.
A New Race (X12) of Soybean Cyst Nematode in China

Abstract The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a serious economic threat to soybean-producing regions worldwide. A new SCN population (called race X12) was detected in Shanxi province, China. Race X12 could reproduce on all the indicator lines of both race and Heterodera glycines (HG) type tests. The average number of females on Lee68 (susceptible control) was 171.40 with the lowest Female Index (FI) 61.31 on PI88788 and the highest FI 117.32 on Pickett in the race test. The average number of females on Lee68 was 323.17 with the lowest FI 44.18 on PI88788 and the highest FI 97.83 on PI548316 in the HG type test. ZDD2315 and ZDD24656 are elite resistant germplasms in China. ZDD2315 is highly resistant to race 4, the strongest infection race in the 16 races with FI 1.51 while being highly sensitive to race X12 with FI 64.32. ZDD24656, a variety derived from PI437654 and ZDD2315, is highly resistant to race 1 and race 2. ZDD24656 is highly sensitive to race X12 with FI 99.12. Morphological and molecular studies of J2 and cysts confirmed the population as the SCN H. glycines. This is a new SCN race with stronger virulence than that of race 4 and is a potential threat to soybean production in China.
A Cartographic Framework for Visualizing Risk

Increased attention to global climate change in recent years has resulted in a wide array of maps and geovisualizations that forecast various scenarios. Since many consequences of climate change are inherently geographic in nature, effective cartographic representations that depict these risks are valuable for planning and mitigation purposes. In particular, sea-level rise resulting from climate change calls attention to the numerous representation issues that warrant consideration for hazard and risk mapping in general, including categorizing and representing risk, selecting an appropriate level of realism, and displaying potential impacts of a hazard on human populations as well as on the natural and built environments. Using examples of potential inundation from sea-level rise at global, regional, and local scales, the authors propose a conceptual framework of key cartographic considerations for maps, Web-based mashups, and geovisualizations that depict risk. The cartographic framework presented here may be extended to other risks of an ambiguous or fuzzy nature and may be used to organize key future research areas for hazard or risk mapping in general.