Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A specification-based approach to testing software product lines

This paper presents a specification-based approach for systematic testing of products from a software product line. Our approach uses specifications given as formulas in Alloy, a first-order logic based on relations. Alloy formulas can be checked for satisfiability using the Alloy Analyzer. The fully automatic analyzer, given an Alloy formula and a scope, i.e., a bound on the universe of discourse, searches for an instance, i.e., a valuation to the relations in the formula such that it evaluates to true. The analyzer translates an Alloy formula (for the given scope) to a propositional formula and finds an instance using an off-the-shelf SAT solver. The use of an enumerating solver enables systematic test generation. We have developed a prototype based on the AHEAD theory. The prototype uses the recently developed Kodkod model finding engine of the Alloy Analyzer. We illustrate our approach using a data structure product line.
Effects of preservative-free tafluprost on tear film osmolarity, tolerability, and intraocular pressure in previously treated patients with open-angle glaucoma

Purpose To compare the effects on tolerability, tear osmolarity, and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of switching from benzalkonium chloride (BAK) containing prostaglandin analog (PGA) latanoprost to preservative-free tafluprost. Patients and methods Thirty patients with open-angle glaucoma (N = 60 eyes), 26 women (87%) and four men (13%) aged 64.1 (SD 14.1) years, showing abnormal values of tear osmolarity, corneal fluorescein staining, tear film break-up time (TBUT), or subjective discomfort with current latanoprost treatment were included. After tear osmolarity (TearLab™ Osmolarity System), TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining, and baseline IOP (Goldmann tonometer) measurements and the completion of Ocular Surface Disease Index and Ocular Surface Symptoms in Glaucoma Scale questionnaires, patients were assigned to preservative-free tafluprost treatment. Measurements were repeated 2, 6 and 12 weeks after change of medication. Results No statistically significant differences in IOP were observed 2, 6, and 12 weeks after switching to preservative-free tafluprost. Mean IOP at baseline was 16.4 mmHg (SD 2.9), after 2 weeks 16.2 mmHg (2.8), after 6 weeks 16.2 (2.6), and after 12 weeks 16.3 mmHg (2.3). Mean tear osmolarity decreased significantly from 315.7 mOsm/L (SD 15.1) at baseline to 308.0 ± 14.4 mOsm/L (P = 0.002), 301.7 ± 14.5 mOsm/L (P < 0.001), and 302.0 ± 9.9 mOsm/L (P < 0.001) 2, 6, and 12 weeks after changing medication to preservative-free tafluprost, respectively. Tear osmolarity was lower in 37 eyes (61.7%) after 2 weeks, in 46 eyes (76.7%) after 6 weeks, and in 49 eyes (81.7%) after 12 weeks (P < 0.005; t-test). At baseline corneal fluorescein staining was observed in 43 eyes (71.7%), after 2 weeks in 34 eyes (56.7%), after 6 weeks in 12 eyes (20.0%), and after 12 weeks in 7 eyes (11.7%) (P < 0.005; McNemar test). Mean TBUT increased from 3.7 seconds (SD 1.1) at baseline to 4.1 seconds (SD 1.0) at week 2, 5.2 seconds (SD 1.5) at week 6, and 6.5 seconds (SD 1.5) at week 12 (P < 0.001; t-test). The number of patients expressing discomfort with latanoprost diminished from 30 (100%) at baseline, to 19 (63.3%) after week 2, and to 11 (36.6%) (P < 0.05; McNemar test) after 12 weeks. Conclusion Preservative-free tafluprost is better tolerated than BAK-containing latanoprost, showing lower tear osmolarity levels while maintaining effective IOP control.
Educating Students Placed At Risk: Evaluating the Impact of Success for All in Urban Settings

Schools across the nation are implementing reform models intended to enable all children to meet state-established academic standards. One of the nation's comprehensive school reform models is Success for All (SFA). This study assessed the impact of the program on elementary school students in standardized reading scores as well as attendance and disciplinary measures when compared to control students. Program and control schools were further compared using teacher, student, and parent perception data on school climate and job satisfaction scales. Significant effects were seen on some but not all measures, but the consistent direction and magnitude of the effects showed benefits for SFA students when compared to control students. Implications for educational policy and practice are discussed.
Securities Transaction Tax and Market Quality – The Case of France

The French Securities Transaction Tax (also referred as French Tobin Tax) implementation on August 1st, 2012, is considered a landmark development within financial markets regulation. However, until today the controversy about possible drawbacks and applicability of a Securities Transaction Tax (STT) has not reached a conclusion and consequences for market quality and market efficiency are yet to be thoroughly assessed. In this light a rigorous assessment on the STT’s effect on market quality and market efficiency is highly desirable as it provides guidance for academics, regulators and practitioners alike. On the basis of a comparison of the French CAC40 with the German DAX, we provide evidence that trading volume significantly drops after the introduction of the STT. Even though the French proposal exempts professional liquidity providing activities, we find increased spreads and a strong decline in top order book depth resulting in additional costs for market participants beside the transaction tax. Most alerting, as the tax affects trading on all French listing venues, we find this deterioration in market efficiency threatening inter-market information transmission by impairing price coordination among the European fragmented markets.
Cognitive therapy vs medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression.

BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence that antidepressant medications treat moderate to severe depression effectively, but there is less data on cognitive therapy's effects in this population. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy in moderate to severe depression of antidepressant medications with cognitive therapy in a placebo-controlled trial. DESIGN Random assignment to one of the following: 16 weeks of medications (n = 120), 16 weeks of cognitive therapy (n = 60), or 8 weeks of pill placebo (n = 60). SETTING Research clinics at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. PATIENTS Two hundred forty outpatients, aged 18 to 70 years, with moderate to severe major depressive disorder. INTERVENTIONS Some study subjects received paroxetine, up to 50 mg daily, augmented by lithium carbonate or desipramine hydrochloride if necessary; others received individual cognitive therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale provided continuous severity scores and allowed for designations of response and remission. RESULTS At 8 weeks, response rates in medications (50%) and cognitive therapy (43%) groups were both superior to the placebo (25%) group. Analyses based on continuous scores at 8 weeks indicated an advantage for each of the active treatments over placebo, each with a medium effect size. The advantage was significant for medication relative to placebo, and at the level of a nonsignificant trend for cognitive therapy relative to placebo. At 16 weeks, response rates were 58% in each of the active conditions; remission rates were 46% for medication, 40% for cognitive therapy. Follow-up tests of a site x treatment interaction indicated a significant difference only at Vanderbilt University, where medications were superior to cognitive therapy. Site differences in patient characteristics and in the relative experience levels of the cognitive therapists each appear to have contributed to this interaction. CONCLUSION Cognitive therapy can be as effective as medications for the initial treatment of moderate to severe major depression, but this degree of effectiveness may depend on a high level of therapist experience or expertise.
Bistatic backscatter radio for tag read-range extension

This work examines the idea of dislocating the carrier transmission from the tag-modulated carrier reception, i.e. bi-static rather than mono-static backscatter radio. In that way, more than one carrier transmitters can be distributed in a given geographical area and illuminate a set of RF tags/sensors that modulate and scatter the received carrier towards a single software-defined receiver. The increased number of carrier transmitters and their distributed nature assists tags to be potentially located closer to one carrier transmitter and thus, improves the power of the scattered signals towards the receiver. Specifically, this work a) carefully derives near-optimal detectors for bi-static backscatter radio and on/off keying (OOK) tag modulation (which is widely used in commercial tags), b) analytically calculates their bit error rate (BER) performance, and c) experimentally tests them in practice with a custom bistatic backscatter radio link. As a collateral dividend, it is shown that the non-linear processing of the proposed receivers requires certain attention on the utilized tag design principles, commonly overlooked in the literature, validating recently reported theoretical results on the microwave domain.
Studying multisite binary and ternary protein interactions by global analysis of isothermal titration calorimetry data in SEDPHAT: Application to adaptor protein complexes in cell signaling

Multisite interactions and the formation of ternary or higher‐order protein complexes are ubiquitous features of protein interactions. Cooperativity between different ligands is a hallmark for information transfer, and is frequently critical for the biological function. We describe a new computational platform for the global analysis of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data for the study of binary and ternary multisite interactions, implemented as part of the public domain multimethod analysis software SEDPHAT. The global analysis of titrations performed in different orientations was explored, and the potential for unraveling cooperativity parameters in multisite interactions was assessed in theory and experiment. To demonstrate the practical potential and limitations of global analyses of ITC titrations for the study of cooperative multiprotein interactions, we have examined the interactions of three proteins that are critical for signal transduction after T‐cell activation, LAT, Grb2, and Sos1. We have shown previously that multivalent interactions between these three molecules promote the assembly of large multiprotein complexes important for T‐cell receptor activation. By global analysis of the heats of binding observed in sets of ITC injections in different orientations, which allowed us to follow the formation of binary and ternary complexes, we observed negative and positive cooperativity that may be important to control the pathway of assembly and disassembly of adaptor protein particles.
Estimating the Dead Space Volume Between a Headform and N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Using Microsoft Kinect

N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) dead space is an important factor for respirator design. The dead space refers to the cavity between the internal surface of the FFR and the wearer's facial surface. This article presents a novel method to estimate the dead space volume of FFRs and experimental validation. In this study, six FFRs and five headforms (small, medium, large, long/narrow, and short/wide) are used for various FFR and headform combinations. Microsoft Kinect Sensors (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) are used to scan the headforms without respirators and then scan the headforms with the FFRs donned. The FFR dead space is formed through geometric modeling software, and finally the volume is obtained through LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA). In the experimental validation, water is used to measure the dead space. The simulation and experimental dead space volumes are 107.5–167.5 mL and 98.4–165.7 mL, respectively. Linear regression analysis is conducted to correlate the results from Kinect and water, and R2 = 0.85.
Better Beginnings: Public Libraries Making Literacy Links with the Adult Community

Abstract The Better Beginnings READ! 3 pilot initiative, conducted through public libraries in Western Australia, sought to engage adult readers who were either emerging readers or who had ‘lost the reading habit’ in a three month reading challenge. The challenge involved adult readers reading three items in three months and being rewarded for their involvement through certificates and prizes. In seeking to make contact with those adult readers, it was suggested that librarians or library officers make contact with various community groups or businesses, or with adults directly. This qualitative study examined how the initiative was implemented and promoted in three libraries and identified the range of issues that had impact on its implementation. The study collected data from participants at each site in two stages: during the implementation of the initiative; and at the conclusion of the initiative. The study found that librarians and library officers either acted as drivers, themselves, or needed coordinators of community groups to act as co-drivers to enhance the implementation of the initiative. Various issues at each site affected the implementation of the initiative and a consideration of these issues enabled this study to offer recommendations for future implementation of similar initiatives.
A Neuro-Fuzzy Model for Function Point Calibration

The need to update the calibration of Function Point (FP) complexity weights is discussed, whose aims are to fit specific software application, to reflect software industry trend, and to improve cost estimation. Neuro-Fuzzy is a technique that incorporates the learning ability from neural network and the ability to capture human knowledge from fuzzy logic. The empirical validation using ISBSG data repository Release 8 shows a 22% improvement in software effort estimation after calibration using Neuro-Fuzzy technique.
Bacteria Murmur: Application of an Acoustic Biosensor for Plant Pathogen Detection

A multi-targeting protocol for the detection of three of the most important bacterial phytopathogens, based on their scientific and economic importance, was developed using an acoustic biosensor (the Quartz Crystal Microbalance) for DNA detection. Acoustic detection was based on a novel approach where DNA amplicons were monitored and discriminated based on their length rather than mass. Experiments were performed during real time monitoring of analyte binding and in a direct manner, i.e. without the use of labels for enhancing signal transduction. The proposed protocol improves time processing by circumventing gel electrophoresis and can be incorporated as a routine detection method in a diagnostic lab or an automated lab-on-a-chip system for plant pathogen diagnostics.
Comparison of self-report data and medical records data: results from a case-control study on prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Self-report and review of medical records are the most common methods for the assessment of past exposures. However, information obtained from self-reports and medical records may not be consistent. This study compared information provided in a self-administered questionnaire with medical records data. METHODS Self-report and medical records data came from a case-control study on prostate cancer. Cases were 181 patients with primary prostate cancer and controls were 297 men without the disease, enrolled in Group Health Cooperative (GHC) in Seattle. The consistencies between the two data sources were examined. RESULTS In general, agreement between the two data sources was almost perfect for demographic and anthropometric variables, substantial for the history of inguinal hernia and kidney stones, and moderate for vasectomy, family history of prostate cancer, smoking and alcohol consumption. However, the two data sources generally were poorly concordant for prior genitourinary diseases that have less explicit diagnostic criteria such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis. Analyses of discordant data showed that men were more likely to report an exposure or medical condition that could not be verified from medical records. No discernible patterns in the difference of agreement were found according to age, GHC membership length or case-control status. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that agreement between self-reported data and medical records data varies depending upon the study variables. While both data sources are subject to some problems, self-report may provide more complete and comparable information, at least for variables unrelated to diagnosis.
Glial investment of the adult and developing antennal lobe of Drosophila

In recent years the Drosophila olfactory system, with its unparalleled opportunities for genetic dissection of development and functional organization, has been used to study the development of central olfactory neurons and the molecular basis of olfactory coding. The results of these studies have been interpreted in the absence of a detailed understanding of the steps in maturation of glial cells in the antennal lobe. Here we present a high‐resolution study of the glia associated with olfactory glomeruli in adult and developing antennal lobes. The study provides a basis for comparison of findings in Drosophila with those in the moth Manduca sexta that indicate a critical role for glia in antennal lobe development. Using flies expressing GFP under a Nervana2 driver to visualize glia for confocal microscopy, and probing at higher resolution with the electron microscope, we find that glial development in Drosophila differs markedly from that in moths: glial cell bodies remain in a rind around the glomerular neuropil; glial processes ensheathe axon bundles in the nerve layer but likely contribute little to axonal sorting; their processes insinuate between glomeruli only very late and then form only a sparse, open network around each glomerulus; and glial processes invade the synaptic neuropil. Taking our results in the context of previous studies, we conclude that glial cells in the developing Drosophila antennal lobe are unlikely to play a strong role in either axonal sorting or glomerulus stabilization and that in the adult, glial processes do not electrically isolate glomeruli from their neighbors. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:526–550, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards a Feminist Sex Therapy

SUMMARY No formulaic feminist sex therapy can do justice to the diversity of women's sexual problems and goals. We can start, however, by abandoning biological reductionism as enshrined in the DSM while at the same time offering every woman an opportunity for a thorough, educational, physical consultation. Feminist sex therapy must encompass two domains of insight and skill. The first, for everyone, includes Feminism 101, corrective genital physiology education, assertiveness training, body image reclamation, and masturbation education. The second, working towards a better world, rejects sexual drive in favor of contact comfort, mental masturbation, new categories of gender, and an understanding of sexual talent.
Morphophonemic transfer in English second language learners

Malay (Rumi) is alphabetic and has a transparent, agglutinative system of affixation. We manipulated language-specific junctural phonetics in Malay and English to investigate whether morphophonemic L1-knowledge influences L2-processing. A morpheme decision task, “Does this sound like a mono- or bi-morphemic English word? ”, was developed by crossing English Transitional Probability (high vs. low) with Malay Transitional Possibility (possible vs. impossible). The data for Malay-L1/English-L2 adults (N = 21) provide clear and reliable empirical evidence of L1-to-L2 morphophonemic transfer: Participants were more accurate at identifying transitional boundaries in English when they are also possible in Malay. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
A New Interpretation for the Anomalous Channel-Length Dependence of Low-Frequency Noise in Quasi-Ballistic Transistors

The operating regime of MOS transistors shifts from collision-dominated drift-diffusion (DD) to less-collision quasi-ballistic (QB) regime. The impact of transport mechanism on the low-frequency noise (LFN) is not well studied for QB devices. Most of the studies rely on the existing theories that were developed for DD-based devices to study LFN even in nanoscale regime. Validity of these models is questionable. In this letter, we extend the conventional carrier-number and correlated-mobility fluctuation model to the QB regime. The model is in accordance with the “apparent mean free path” $(\lambda _{\textit {app}})$ model, which predicts scattering limited noise mechanism in the QB regime. The model is validated with LFN measurement data for III-V QB devices, and shows good agreement with the expected behavior.
Influencing of Psychological Well-Being for the Middle Aged Adults and Elderly

Purpose: To investigate the impact of psychological well-being on psycho-social in the elderly and middle aged Adults. Methods: A sample of the 209 elderly and 181 middle aged adults. Data analysis was done by pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: First, there were significant differences between the groups in gender, religion, education, marital status, occupation and family coresidence in homogeneity tests. Second, psychological well-being, hope, self-esteem, depression and life satisfaction were significantly correlated each other in the both groups. Third, there were significant differences in psychological well-being, hope, self-esteem and depression between two groups. For middle aged adults self-esteem was influencing most in psychologic well-being while hope affected most for the elderly. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is important to improve psychological well-being to prepare successful elderly life.
Numerical investigations of fault propagation and forced-fold using a non smooth discrete element method

Geophysical problems as forced-fold evolution and fault propagation induce large deformations and many localisation. The continuum mechanics does not seem the more appropriate for their description and it appears more interesting to represent the media as initially discontinuous. To face both phenomena, a non smooth Discrete Element Method is used. Geophysical structures are considered as collection of rigid disks which interact by cohesive frictional contact laws. Numerical geophysical formations are correlated to mechanical properties of structures through observation and mechanical analysis.
Leadership Endorsement: The Role of Distributive and Procedural Behavior in Interpersonal and Intergroup Contexts

Previous research (Platow, Hoar, Reid, Harley, & Morrison, 1997) showed that the difference in the strength of endorsements provided for a distributively fair over an unfair leader in interpersonal contexts attenuates when the unfairness is ingroup-favoring in intergroup contexts. We extended this to the realm of procedural fairness, and manipulated a leader's distributive fairness, procedural fairness, and the interpersonal versus intergroup context of these behaviors. Results revealed independent intergroup attenuation effects as a function of distributive and procedural fairness; procedural fairness did not moderate the distributive fairness by social context interaction. These findings are discussed within a social identity framework.