Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Rab41/6d Effectors Provides an Explanation for the Differential Effects of Rab41/6d and Rab6a/a' on Golgi Organization

Unexpectedly, members of the Rab VI subfamily exhibit considerable variation in their effects on Golgi organization and trafficking. By fluorescence microscopy, neither depletion nor overexpression of the GDP-locked form of Rab6a/a', the first trans Golgi-associated Rab protein discovered, affects Golgi ribbon organization while, on the other hand, both Rab41/6d depletion and overexpression of GDP-locked form cause Golgi fragmentation into a cluster of punctate elements, suggesting that Rab41/6d has an active role in maintenance of Golgi ribbon organization. To establish a molecular basis for these differences, we screened for Rab41/6d interacting proteins by yeast two-hybrid assay. 155 non-repetitive hits were isolated and sequenced, and after searching in NCBI database, 102 different proteins and protein fragments were identified. None of these hits overlapped with any published Rab6a/a' effector. Eight putative Rab41 interactors involved in membrane trafficking were found. Significantly, these exhibited a preferential interaction with GTP- vs. GDP-locked Rab41/6d. Of the 8 hits, the dynactin 6, syntaxin 8, and Kif18A plasmids were the only ones expressing the full-length protein. Hence, these 3 proteins were selected for further study. We found that depletion of dynactin 6 or syntaxin 8, but not Kif18A, resulted in a fragmented Golgi apparatus that displayed a Rab41/6d knockdown phenotype, i.e., the Golgi apparatus was disrupted into a cluster of punctate Golgi elements. Co-immunoprecipation experiments verified that the interaction of dynactin 6 and syntaxin 8 with GTP-locked Rab41/6d was stronger than that with wild type Rab41/6d and least with the GDP-locked form. In contrast, co-immunoprecipitation interaction with Rab6a was greatest with the GDP-locked Rab6a, suggestive of a non-physiological interaction. In conclusion, we suggest that dynactin 6, a subunit of dynactin complex, the minus-end-directed, dynein motor, provides a sufficient molecular basis to explain the active role of Rab41/6d in maintaining Golgi ribbon organization while syntaxin 8 contributes more indirectly to Golgi positioning.
[Effects of dietary lipids on serum lipid levels of hypertensive patients].

OBJECTIVE To survey the intake of dietary lipids and analyze serum lipid levels in hypertensive patients, and to study the effects of changing dietary lipids intake on the serum lipid levels. METHODS To estimate the intake of dietary fat and to measure the level of serum lipids in hypertensive patients before and after intervention. RESULTS The baseline survey showed that the intake of dietary fat and cholesterol were high in those patients. Their fat intake is more than 30% of the total energy intake; serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher than the normal level. Correlation analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake were positively correlated with serum TC, TG and LDL-C; serum HDL-C/TC ratio was positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake, and negatively correlated with BMI and SFA. The results implicated that MUFA is the protective factor against hypertension and hyperlipidemia. After one-year community-based nutrition intervention, the serum TC and LDL-C levels of the intervened subjects were reduced dramatically. CONCLUSION The results indicate that reducing the intake of dietary fat and cholesterol and properly increasing dietary MUFA intake have significant effects on lowering serum lipids levels and controlling blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Relation of Executive Functioning and Affect to Psychosocial Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury

The present study examined the interrelationships between affect and executive functioning and concurrently measured community integration and employability outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A sample of 227 adults with complicated mild to severe TBI completed neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Community Integration Measure, and the Disability Rating Scale during follow-up evaluations that occurred up to 15 years postinjury. Contrary to previous cognitive research in this area, positive and negative affect were only weakly related to tests of executive functioning, with better performance associated with higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect. Regression analyses indicated that affect and executive functioning were independent predictors of perceived community integration and objectively assessed employability, respectively. However, hypotheses regarding the combined contribution of these variables to psychosocial outcome following TBI were not supported. Implications for measuring mood, executive functioning, and outcome in clinical practice and future research are considered.
Musa Sapientum (Banana) Peels as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel

The inhibition efficiency of Musa sapientum (banana) peel extracts at different concentrations and temperatures on mild steel corrosion in acidic solution of 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) were investigated by using weight loss method. The banana peel extract concentrations were tested from 300 to 500 ppm at temperature range between 25°C to 60°C. The performance of banana peel extract as an inhibitor was found compatible in the tested solution. The corrosion rates, which were calculated from the weight loss data, showed that the inhibition efficiency of the extract increased from 86.9% to 89.0% as the concentration of banana peel extract increased from 300 ppm to 500 ppm. It was also observed that the inhibition efficiency decreased as the temperature was increased from 25°C to 60°C. Characterization of the peel extract by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has detected the presence of bioactive compounds which are responsible for the corrosion inhibition and adsorption properties on mild steel surface. Eleven major compounds have been identified as having corrosion inhibition properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups of alcohols, alkanes, carbonyls, aromatics, ethers, and esters that can prevent corrosion by adsorption on steel surface.
Variable expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries of premenopausal women.

BACKGROUND The relative absence of coronary atherosclerosis in premenopausal women has been established. Estrogen is presumed to play a role in the protection of coronary arteries from atherosclerosis, and part of this protective effect appears to be mediated by amelioration of serum lipid profiles. However, all of the atheroprotective effect of estrogen is not explained by alteration of serum lipids. In this study, we attempt to identify evidence of estrogen receptors in coronary artery specimens of female patients and in human vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Postmortem coronary artery specimens were obtained from premenopausal (n = 18) and postmenopausal (n = 22) women who died with significant coronary artery disease (n = 19) and from noncardiac causes with normal coronary arteries (n = 21). Sections were examined for evidence of estrogen receptor expression using a monoclonal antibody stain. Radioligand binding assays for estrogen receptors were performed on human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture, and gel retardation assays were performed to confirm the presence of functional estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptor expression was identified by immunostaining in a total of 21 coronary arteries, with the majority of normal arteries (15 positive of 21 total, P = .0117) demonstrating evidence of estrogen receptor expression. Conversely, a minority (6 of 19, P = NS) of atherosclerotic arteries were positive for estrogen receptor expression. Furthermore, the relation between estrogen receptor expression and absence of coronary atherosclerosis was most evident in premenopausal subjects, with 10 of 12 normal arteries in this group demonstrating evidence of estrogen receptors, whereas only 1 of 6 atherosclerotic coronary arteries was positive (P = .0062). Radioligand binding assays confirmed the presence of estrogen receptors at significant concentrations in intact human vascular smooth muscle cells. Gel retardation assays also documented the presence of functional estrogen receptors in extracts from human vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides evidence of estrogen receptors in smooth muscle cells from human coronary arteries. The demonstrated relation between the presence of the receptors and the absence of atherosclerosis in premenopausal women suggests that these receptors may play a functional role in coronary atheroprotection.
The Prefrontal Cortex

The Prefrontal Cortex, Fifth Edition, provides users with a thoroughly updated version of this comprehensive work that has historically served as the classic reference on this part of the brain. The book offers a unifying, interdisciplinary perspective that is lacking in other volumes written about the frontal lobes, and is, once again, written by the award-winning author who discovered "memory cells," the physiological substrate of working memory. The fifth edition constitutes a comprehensive update, including all the major advances made on the physiology and cognitive neuroscience of the region since publication in 2008. All chapters have been fully revised, and the overview of prefrontal functions now interprets experimental data within the theoretical framework of the new paradigm of cortical structure and dynamics (the Cognit Paradigm), addressing the accompanying social, economic, and cultural implications. * Provides a distinctly interdisciplinary view of the prefrontal cortex, covering all major methodologies, from comparative anatomy to modern imaging* Unique analysis and synthesis of a large body of basic and clinical data on the subject (more than 2000 references)* Written by an award-winning author who discovered "memory cells," the physiological substrate of working memory* Synthesizes evidence that the prefrontal cortex constitutes a complex pre-adaptive system* Incorporates emerging study of the role of the frontal lobes in social, economic, and cultural adaptation
Criminological and Forensic Psychology

PART 1: DEFINING CRIMINOLOGICAL AND FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1: Defining Forensic Psychology Chapter 2: Research Methods in Forensic Psychology PART 2: PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME Chapter 3: Theoretical Explanations of Crime Chapter 4: Who Commits Crime? The Criminal Mind Chapter 5: Juvenile Criminals PART 3: PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF SPECIFIC CRIME TYPES Chapter 6: The Psychology of Homicide Chapter 7:The Psychology of Terrorism Chapter 8t: Crimes of a Sexual Nature Chapter 9: The Psychology of Firesetting Chapter 10: The Psychology of Theft, Robbery and Burglary Chapter 11: The Psychology of Economic Crime PART 4: PSYCHOLOGY IN DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION Chapter 12: Psychology in the Investigation of Crime Chapter 13: Psychology in the Police Station 1: Victims and Witnesses Chapter 14: Psychology in the Police Station 2: Investigative Interviews and the Psychology of False Confession PART 5: PSYCHOLOGY IN THE COURT ROOM Chapter 15: Psychology in Court 1 Chapter 16: Psychology in Court 2 - The Defendant's Mind Chapter 17: Psychology in Court 3 - The Jury PART 6: PSYCHOLOGY IN PRISON Chapter 18: Psychology in Prison Chapter 19: Imprisonment and Mental Disorder Chapter 20: Long Term and Life Imprisonment
Clinicopathological Aspects of 542 Cases of Pancreatic Cancer: a Special Emphasis on Small Pancreatic Cancer

Small pancreatic cancers (longest diameter ≤2 cm) have been regarded as preliminary to early pancreatic cancer, which was thought to be highly curable. During our experience since 1989, we evaluated 542 cases of pancreatic cancer. Among them we found 74 cases of tumors ≤2 cm in diameter, small pancreatic cancer (TS1 pancreatic cancer). Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (18.9%) and absence of symptoms (8.1%) were more frequent in patients with TS1 than in those with larger pancreatic tumors. Only 16 of the 74 patients (21.6%) with small pancreatic cancers had T1 tumors. According to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging, only 11 patients (14.9%) were stage IA: their 5-yr survival rate was 23.3% and their median survival was 30.0 months. Among these 11 patients, 3 had tumors <1 cm; their median survival time was 30.0 months and their 5-yr survival rate was 50.0%. These findings may indicate that 'small' pancreatic cancer is not equivalent to 'early' pancreatic cancer.
Revised screening scale to predict survival after insertion of a left ventricular assist device.

BACKGROUND We previously calculated a risk factor summation score that successfully predicted survival after insertion of a left ventricular assist device. We sought to validate our previous score by using a single center's clinical experience and to determine emerging risk factors for mortality after device insertion. METHODS The clinical records of 130 consecutive patients who received the HeartMate VE left ventricular assist device (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, Calif) at our institution between June 1996 and March 2001 as a bridge to transplantation were reviewed. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the predictors of operative mortality after device insertion. Using the relative risks for each identified variable, we devised a new risk factor summation score. The new and old scores were then compared by using linear regression analyses to determine whether the revised score improved statistical accuracy. RESULTS Overall operative mortality was 25% (n = 33). The old score successfully predicted operative mortality in the current patient population (operative mortality of 38% for score >5 vs 13% for score < or =5). However, the revised score improved risk discrimination (operative mortality of 46% for a score >5 vs 12% for a score < or = to 5). Statistical accuracy was comparable between scores, but the relationship between observed and predicted outcomes was improved with the revised score. CONCLUSIONS The changing demographic profile and management of patients presenting for mechanical circulatory support has led to a change in the predictors of mortality after device insertion. Periodic remodeling and recalibration of risk indices helps to accurately predict outcomes in high-risk patient groups and identifies emerging risk factors for mortality.
Moist convection and the injection of volcanic ash into the atmosphere

If unsaturated water vapor is carried upward by a volcanic eruption column, it may eventually become saturated owing to the decrease in temperature of the column as it expands through decompression and transfers heat to entrained air. Heat released as a result of the subsequent condensation of water vapor causes the air within the column to expand. We show that this increases the buoyancy and therefore the total height of rise of the column. The increase in height is significant in relatively small sub-Plinian and Strombolian eruptions in which mass eruption rates lie in the range 103 to 106 kg/s. In such eruptions, the latent heat released as the entrained water vapor condenses may provide the main source of heat which drives the ash and clasts upward. The height of rise then becomes relatively insensitive to the mass flux erupted at the vent and depends primarily upon the vapor loading of the atmosphere. In a moist atmosphere, ash may rise several kilomtres higher than in an eruption of comparable strength in a dry environment. Moist convection leads to much wider ash dispersal, particularly from very small eruptions. Subsequently, rain flushing of ash from umbrella clouds may result from the water which forms through the condensation of entrained vapor; the ash provides natural condensation nuclei for some of this entrained vapor, whose mass may be much greater than that of the ash. In small columns ( 107 kg/s), the latent heat released by condensation of vapor is relatively small in comparison with the thermal energy provided by the hot clasts and therefore moisture has no significant effect upon the eruption column dynamics; furthermore, the mass of water vapor originating from the erupted volatiles is usually comparable to, or greater than, that entrained from the ambient air. Our model also shows that, if the erupting mixture becomes buoyant, then the eruption columns associated with phreatomagmatic eruptions ascend nearly as high as Plinian columns with the same mass eruption rate. This is because the water which is vaporized by the hot ash at the source, condenses higher in the column and thereby restores its latent heat to the ascending ash.
A new time-resolved model of the mesospheric Na layer

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract A time-resolved model of the Na layer in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region is described, where the continuity equations for the major sodium species Na, Na + and NaHCO 3 are solved explicity, and the other short-lived species are treated in steady-state. It is shown that the diurnal variation of the Na layer can only be modelled satis-5 factorily if sodium species are permanently removed below about 85 km, both through the dimerization of NaHCO 3 and the uptake of sodium species on meteoric smoke particles that are assumed to have formed from the recondensation of vaporized me-teoroids. When the sensitivity of the Na layer to the meteoroid input function is considered , an inconsistent picture emerges. The ratio of the column abundances of Na + 10 to Na is shown to increase strongly with the average meteoroid velocity, because the Na is injected at higher altitudes. Comparison with a limited set of Na + measurements indicates that the average meteoroid velocity is probably less than about 25 km s −1 , in agreement with velocity estimates from conventional meteor radars, and considerably slower than recent observations made by wide aperture incoherent scatter radars. The 15 Na column abundance is shown to be very sensitive to the meteoroid mass input rate, and to the rate of vertical transport by eddy diffusion. Although the magnitude of the eddy diffusion coefficient in the 80–90 km region is uncertain, there is a consensus between recent models using parameterisations of gravity wave momentum deposition that the average value is less than 3×10 5 cm 2 s −1. This requires that the global me-20 teoric mass input rate is less than about 20 t d −1 , which is closest to estimates from incoherent scatter radar observations. Finally, the diurnal variation in the meteoroid input rate only slight perturbs the Na layer, because the residence time of Na in the layer is several days, and diurnal effects are effectively averaged out. Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close
Pregnancy and Motherhood on the Thin Blue Line: Female Police Officersâ€™ Perspectives on Motherhood in a Highly Masculinized Work Environment

Although we know a great deal about female police officers experiences working in male-dominated, masculine organizations we know very little about female police officersâ€™ perspectives on pregnancy and motherhood while working in the law enforcement profession. The purpose of this study is to better understand what issues associated with pregnancy and motherhood female police officers talk about in relation to their jobs and how they frame these issues. Interviews with fifteen female police officers from four different police departments revealed four main categories: 1) pregnancy and motherhood is framed as risky business; 2) law enforcement organizations frame pregnancy as a crime and/or an illness; 3) mothering skills are (de)valued depending on the sphere; and 4) balancing work and life is an impossibility. These findings suggest that female police officers may still be seen as tokens, which sends a contradictory message about the value of a female police officer. The women in this study were acutely aware of the paradoxical situation they are caught in concerning being an ideal worker and
A brownish-red plaque in an adult.

A 50-year-old man was referred to our clinic for further evaluation of a slowly enlarging plaque on his back. His wife gave history of the pimple-sized brownish lesion first being noticed thirty years earlier. Ever since, the lesion has been presenting slowly and continuously enlarging. On examination, the patient, a healthy looking man, had a brownish-red, shiny, welldemarcated, 6.0 mm elevated, rubbery consistency, a 7.8 x 8.2 cm dimension, hairless plaque with peau dorange surface and pasted on appearance on the left side of his back. The margins of the lesion were surrounded by a brownish zone. The patient did not have any complaint except a slight tingle in the lesion after stroking, pressure, or friction. Inflammatory flare characterized with redness, swelling, and pseudovesiculation was observed in the lesion after stroking [Figure 1A]. The inflammation and pseudovesiculation gradually decreased within a few days. Then, desquamative scales developed over the lesion [Figure 1B].
The Chimeric Protein Domain III-Capsid of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 (DEN-2) Successfully Boosts Neutralizing Antibodies Generated in Monkeys upon Infection with DEN-2

ABSTRACT Use of a heterologous prime-boost strategy based on a combination of nonreplicative immunogens and candidate attenuated virus vaccines against dengue virus in the same schedule is an attractive approach. These combinations may result in a condensed immunization regime for humans, thus reducing the number of doses with attenuated virus and the time spacing. The present work deals with the evaluation of the heterologous prime-boost strategy combining a novel chimeric protein (domain III-capsid) of dengue virus serotype 2 (DEN-2) and the infective homologous virus in the same immunization schedule in monkeys. Primed monkeys received one dose of infective DEN-2 and were then vaccinated with the recombinant protein. We found that animals developed a neutralizing antibody response after the infective dose and were notably boosted with a second dose of the chimeric protein 3 months later. The neutralizing antibodies induced were long lasting, and animals also showed the ability to induce a specific cellular response 6 months after the booster dose. As a conclusion, we can state that the domain III region, when it is properly presented as a fusion protein to the immune system, is able to recall the neutralizing antibody response elicited following homologous virus infection in monkeys. Further prime-boost approaches can be performed in a condensed regime combining the chimeric domain III-capsid protein and candidate live attenuated vaccines against DEN-2.