Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global changes of phospholipids identified by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[S]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia; however, at the present time there is no disease-modifying drug for AD. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of lipid changes in the process of normal cognitive aging and in the etiology of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. AD is characterized by the presence of intraneuronal protein clusters and extracellular aggregates of β-amyloid (Aβ). Disrupted Aβ kinetics may activate intracellular signaling pathways, including tau hyperphosphorylation and proinflammatory pathways. We analyzed and visualized the lipid profiles of mouse brains using MALDI-TOF MS. Direct tissue analysis by MALDI-TOF imaging MS (IMS) can determine the relative abundance and spatial distribution of specific lipids in different tissues. We used 5XFAD mice that almost exclusively generate and rapidly accumulate massive cerebral levels of Aβ-42 (1). Our data showed changes in lipid distribution in the mouse frontal cortex, hippocampus, and subiculum, where Aβ plaques are first generated in AD. Our results suggest that MALDI-IMS is a powerful tool for analyzing the distribution of various phospholipids and that this application might provide novel insight into the prediction of disease.
Fast assessment of eigenvalue sensitivities to topology changes and injection perturbations

The paper explores the influence of topology changes (due to the change in transmission branch on/off status) and injection perturbations (due to economic load/generation redispatching) on the eigenvalue sensitivity of the power system dynamic model. These control actions are analyzed as part of dynamic transmission topology control. An algorithm for fast updates of the system matrices (in descriptor form) and without additional full matrix inversions for topology changes is proposed. To further reduce the computation time, only critical, right-most (poorly damped) and most sensitive poles to multiple input parameter changes are calculated by subspace accelerated Rayleigh quotient iteration (SARQI) and Sensitive Pole algorithms, respectively. The described approach is applied to two (small- and medium-scale) test power systems.
ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFERABILITY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES FOR VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION

This paper reports on research analysing the potential of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for mapping vegetation from high spatial resolution Ikonos imagery. The work investigated the utility of SVMs for mapping regional scale upland vegetation using limited ground data. Additionally, it analysed the ability of SVMs to be transferred as a classifier to pixels from remote geographical locations, which were not included in the training process. The classification and transferability of SVMs was investigated when varying their design and training. Overall, the classification and transferability results of SVMs showed very promising results, highlighting their capability and suitability for use in remote sensing classification.
The New Political Economy: Positive Economics and Negative Politics

Although the region remains highly centralized, the tendency toward decentralization is quite strong. Not only is a larger portion of the general government budget executed from the subnational government level, the autonomy that these governments have in deciding how much to spend and what to spend on is increasing as well. In this context, it is important to analyze the possible effects of the move toward decentralization on fiscal performance.
Social Order and the Exchange of Liquor: A Theory of Drinking among Australian Aborigines

In contrast to the traditional "social problems" approach, this paper argues that drinking among contemporary Australian Aborigines is a major way they construct their social relationships with each other. In particular, sharing liquor is a means of establishing credit and of marking an individual's personal productivity and affluence. Credit (in the form of domestic resources) is necessary in order for Aborigines to counter the long-term uncertainties in their ability to generate income. Hence, drinking is a crucial part of the way Aborigines rationally adapt to current circumstances.
Survey Tentang Pilihan Karir Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui arah pilihan karier, kesesuaian dengan jurusan serta faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan karir mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya angkatan 2011-2013 dengan jumlah populasi 2887 dan sampel 351, pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa pilihan karier mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik adalah bekerja (79%), pendidikan profesi (43%), dan magister (56%) dengan klasifikasi pekerjaan yang paling diminati adalah bidang Teknik dan industri (59%) dan kesesuaian dengan jurusan bagi pendidikan profesi (37%), sedangkan bagi magister (47%). Faktor dari dalam yang mempengaruhi pilihan karier mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik UNESA adalah kemampuan intelegensi (85%), kemampuan dan kecakapan (77%), minat (77%), persiapan (75%), hobi (71%), pengalaman kerja (71%), bakat (69%), pengetahuan dunia kerja (69%), keadaan psikis (60%), dan penampilan fisik (42%) Sedangkan faktor dari luar yang berpengaruh adalah keluarga (67%). Kata kunci : Survei pilihan karier, mahasiswa
Levetiracetam-induced severe acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis

Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is an uncommon cause of renal failure, which may be caused by drugs. Levetiracetam is an increasingly used anti-epileptic medication that is not known to cause renal toxicity in adults. To our knowledge, levetiracetam has not previously been reported as a cause of GIN. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who developed haemodialysis-requiring acute renal failure after commencement of treatment with levetiracetam, which was shown to be GIN by renal biopsy. She made a complete recovery with cessation of levetiracetam and treatment with steroids.
The Impact of Small Molecule Binding on the Energy Landscape of the Intrinsically Disordered Protein C-Myc

Intrinsically disordered proteins are attractive therapeutic targets owing to their prevalence in several diseases. Yet their lack of well-defined structure renders ligand discovery a challenging task. An intriguing example is provided by the oncoprotein c-Myc, a transcription factor that is over expressed in a broad range of cancers. Transcriptional activity of c-Myc is dependent on heterodimerization with partner protein Max. This protein-protein interaction is disrupted by the small molecule 10058-F4 (1), that binds to monomeric and disordered c-Myc. To rationalize the mechanism of inhibition, structural ensembles for the segment of the c-Myc domain that binds to 1 were computed in the absence and presence of the ligand using classical force fields and explicit solvent metadynamics molecular simulations. The accuracy of the computed structural ensembles was assessed by comparison of predicted and measured NMR chemical shifts. The small molecule 1 was found to perturb the composition of the apo equilibrium ensemble and to bind weakly to multiple distinct c-Myc conformations. Comparison of the apo and holo equilibrium ensembles reveals that the c-Myc conformations binding 1 are already partially formed in the apo ensemble, suggesting that 1 binds to c-Myc through an extended conformational selection mechanism. The present results have important implications for rational ligand design efforts targeting intrinsically disordered proteins.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF JOB SATISFACTION WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND JOB PERFORMANCE IN AHVAZ FACTORY WORKERS

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of job satisfaction with organizational citizenship behavior and job performance in Ahvaz factory workers. It was hypothesized that job satisfaction is correlated positively with citizenship behavior and job performance, and that the former correlation is higher than the latter one. The sample consisted of 400 factory workers of Ahvaz, who were selected according to the stratified random sampling method. Job Descriptive Index, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OSB 1), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB 2), and two measures of job performance were used to measure the variables of this study. The results indicate that correlation coefficients between the five components of job satisfaction and the five components of each of the two measures of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB 1, and OCB 2) were positive and significant. Stepwise multiple regression analyses yielded R1= 0.64 and R2= 0.60 between the five components of job satisfaction and the overall scores on the two measures of OCB 1, and OCB 2. In addition, several correlation coefficients of job satisfaction, and its components, with the two measures of job performance were low but significant, although some of them were not significant.
Pathology of Melanoma

The purposes of pathologic examination of a lesion suspected of being a malignant melanoma are to provide an accurate diagnosis of melanoma (or not), and to provide prognostic information useful in the clinical management of the patient. In the near future, pathologic attributes will also likely be used to predict responses to therapy, as a guide to the selection of specific therapeutic agents such as “small molecule” inhibitors of signaling pathways.
The Effect of Parent Anxiety on Treatment Acceptability and Retention of Diagnostic Feedback

This study examined the effect of parent anxiety on treatment acceptability and retention of diagnostic feedback. Mothers (N = 187) of children ages 2 to 14 years recruited primarily through online parenting groups were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes that varied on ambiguity of diagnostic label (low vs. high) and ambiguity of diagnostic feedback (low vs. high). Participants completed measures of state and trait anxiety, retention of feedback, and treatment acceptability. Mothers reporting high trait anxiety endorsed greater treatment acceptability (F = 11.57, p = .001, η p 2 = .09). Those reporting high state anxiety retained more information, t(84.96) = −5.35, p < . 001, Cohen’s d = . 99. A significant interaction emerged between trait anxiety and diagnostic label on parent satisfaction (F = 4.95, p = .028, η p 2 = .04). Results suggest that parent anxiety may affect retention and likelihood of pursuing treatment. Future research is needed to investigate whether differences in parent anxiety translate into meaningful differences in their pursuit of treatment.
The Diffusion of Riots: The Patterns of 1766, 1795, and 1801 in Devonshire

The Diffusion of Riots: The Patterns of 1766, I795, and I80o in Devonshire Why do riots spread? Why does a riot in one town seem to spark riots in others? Are riots contagious? The media in America and Britain have often referred to a "copycat" process at work in waves of riots, such as those in the summer of I967 in the United States or in I985 in Britain. Strictly speaking, contagion is a concept that sociologists have used to describe impulses from one individual to another, rather than from one group to another. Diffusion is the name given to the adoption of innovations by communities; its analysis is well established in many branches of social science-rural sociology, geography, economics, anthropology, and mass communication theory, to name but a few. Until about 1960, analysis of diffusion tended to focus on channels of communication as the
Learning Sparse Gaussian Bayesian Network Structure by Variable Grouping

Bayesian networks (BNs) are popular for modeling conditional distributions of variables and causal relationships, especially in biological settings such as protein interactions, gene regulatory networks and microbial interactions. Previous BN structure learning algorithms treat variables with similar tendency separately. In this paper, we propose a grouped sparse Gaussian BN (GSGBN) structure learning algorithm which creates BN based on three assumptions: (i) variables follow a multivariate Gaussian distribution, (ii) the network only contains a few edges (sparse), (iii) similar variables have less-divergent sets of parents, while not-so-similar ones should have divergent sets of parents (variable grouping). We use L1 regularization to make the learned network sparse, and another term to incorporate shared information among variables. For similar variables, GSGBN tends to penalize the differences of similar variables' parent sets more, compared to those not-so-similar variables' parent sets. The similarity of variables is learned from the data by alternating optimization, without prior domain knowledge. Based on this new definition of the optimal BN, a coordinate descent algorithm and a projected gradient descent algorithm are developed to obtain edges of the network and also similarity of variables. Experimental results on both simulated and real datasets show that GSGBN has substantially superior prediction performance for structure learning when compared to several existing algorithms.
Neandertal birth canal shape and the evolution of human childbirth

Childbirth is complicated in humans relative to other primates. Unlike the situation in great apes, human neonates are about the same size as the birth canal, making passage difficult. The birth mechanism (the series of rotations that the neonate must undergo to successfully negotiate its mother's birth canal) distinguishes humans not only from great apes, but also from lesser apes and monkeys. Tracing the evolution of human childbirth is difficult, because the pelvic skeleton, which forms the margins of the birth canal, tends to survive poorly in the fossil record. Only 3 female individuals preserve fairly complete birth canals, and they all date to earlier phases of human evolution. Here we present a virtual reconstruction of a female Neandertal pelvis from Tabun, Israel. The size of Tabun's reconstructed birth canal indicates that childbirth was about as difficult in Neandertals as in present-day humans, but the canal's shape indicates that Neandertals had a more primitive birth mechanism. A significant shift in childbirth apparently occurred quite late in human evolution, during the last few hundred thousand years. Such a late shift underscores the uniqueness of human childbirth and the divergent evolutionary trajectories of Neandertals and the lineage leading to present-day humans.
Chronic Treatment with a Water-Soluble Extract from the Culture Medium of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelia Prevents Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Injury of Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Brain

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been known to increase systemic oxidative stress by chronic hyperglycemia and visceral obesity and aggravate cerebral ischemic injury. On the basis of our previous study regarding a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (designed as MAK), which exerts antioxidative and neuroprotective effects, the present study was conducted to evaluate the preventive effects of MAK on apoptosis and necroptosis (a programmed necrosis) induced by hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. H/I was induced by a combination of unilateral common carotid artery ligation with hypoxia (8% O2 for 20 min) and subsequent reoxygenation. Pretreatment with MAK (1 g/kg, p.o.) for a week significantly reduced H/I-induced neurological deficits and brain infarction volume assessed at 24 h of reoxygenation. Histochemical analysis showed that MAK significantly suppressed superoxide production, neuronal cell death, and vacuolation in the ischemic penumbra, which was accompanied by a decrease in the numbers of TUNEL- or cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Furthermore, MAK decreased the expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 mRNA and protein, a key molecule for necroptosis. These results suggest that MAK confers resistance to apoptotic and necroptotic cell death and relieves H/I-induced cerebral ischemic injury in type 2 diabetic mice.
Teacher empowerment, horizontal and vertical organisational learning, and positional mobility in schools

Abstract Purpose: To examine the contribution of horizontal and vertical organisational learning and its timing to the effective integration of teachers in classes they have not previously taught. Three hundred and forty-five teachers from 64 schools, with at least 4 years of teaching experience, completed questionnaires about the extent of horizontal (OL) and vertical (KCM) organisational learning, its timing and its benefits to teachers as they began to teach classes they had not taught before. The hypothesis was confirmed that independent components of OL and KCM contribute to preparing teachers for their classes. The timing of teachers’ exposure to this learning was found to serve as a mediating factor between OL/KCM and the benefit that teachers gain from the information. The organisational learning process is presented in a broad theoretical perspective that clarifies the reciprocal relations between vertical/horizontal dimensions and their benefits. More effective ways are discussed for introducing educational knowledge.
Terrorism Outside the Proverbial Vacuum: Implications for the Moral Context

ABSTRACT Prior research has found that terrorists are not susceptible to certain and severe countermeasures. One possibility is that, instead, deterrence is relative. Based on this premise and inspired by situational action theory’s conceptualization of the “moral context,” this research proposes that there are circumstances that influence both moral norms and their enforcement. We hypothesize that one set of circumstances is that of high profile terrorist attacks, which in turn should decrease the hazard of future incidents. We find mixed support for our hypotheses, but maintain that it has important implications for policy.
Preconditioning methods for improved convergence rates in iterative reconstructions

Because of the characteristics of the tomographic inversion problem, iterative reconstruction techniques often suffer from poor convergence rates-especially at high spatial frequencies. By using preconditioning methods, the convergence properties of most iterative methods can be greatly enhanced without changing their ultimate solution. To increase reconstruction speed, spatially invariant preconditioning filters that can be designed using the tomographic system response and implemented using 2-D frequency-domain filtering techniques have been applied. In a sample application, reconstructions from noiseless, simulated projection data, were performed using preconditioned and conventional steepest-descent algorithms. The preconditioned methods demonstrated residuals that were up to a factor of 30 lower than the assisted algorithms at the same iteration. Applications of these methods to regularized reconstructions from projection data containing Poisson noise showed similar, although not as dramatic, behavior.
Physical Fidelity Versus Cognitive Fidelity Training in Procedural Skills Acquisition

Objective: The current study examined whether training simulators for the acquisition of procedural skills should emphasize physical fidelity or cognitive fidelity of the task. Background: Simulation-based training for acquiring and practicing procedural skills is becoming widely established. Generally speaking, these simulators offer technological sophistication but disregard theory-based design, leaving unanswered the question of what task features should be represented in the simulators. The authors compared real-world training and two alternative virtual trainers, one emphasizing physical fidelity and the other cognitive fidelity of the task. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to one of four training groups in a LEGO® assembly task: virtual-physical fidelity, cognitive fidelity, real world, and control. A posttraining test to assess the development of procedural skills was conducted. Results: Both the virtual-physical fidelity and cognitive fidelity training methods produced better performance time than no training at all, as did the real-world training. The cognitive fidelity training was inferior in terms of test time compared to the real-world training, whereas the virtual-physical fidelity training was not. In contrast, only the real-world and the cognitive fidelity groups, and not the virtual-physical fidelity group, required significantly less time than the control group for error correction. Conclusion: The two training methods have complementary advantages. Application: Combining physical fidelity and cognitive training methods can enhance procedural skills acquisition when real-world training is not practicable.
First Report of Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Strawberry Plants in Korea

Abstract Dieback in strawberry (Seolhyang cultivar) was first observed during the nursery season (June to September) in the Nonsan area of Korea in the years 2012 and 2013. Initial disease symptoms included dieback on runners, as well as black rot on roots, followed by wilting and eventually blackened, necrotic discoloration in the crowns of daughter plants. A fungus isolated from the diseased roots, runners, and crowns is close to Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characteristics. Analysis of a combined dataset assembled from sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1- alpha genes grouped nine fungal isolates with the type strain of L. theobromae. The isolates showed strong pathogenicity on strawberry cultivars Kumhyang, Seolhyang, and Akihimae, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Based on these results, the pathogen responsible for dieback on strawberry plants in Korea was identified as L. theobromae.
HCV infection is a risk factor for gallstone disease in liver cirrhosis: an Italian epidemiological survey

Summary. We assessed the prevalence of gallbladder disease (i.e. gallstones plus cholecystectomy) among patients with liver disease and its association with the severity and aetiology of hepatic injury. Subjects, referred to 79 Italian hospitals, were enrolled in a 6‐month period. The independent effect of the severity and aetiology of liver disease on gallstone disease prevalence was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Overall, 4867 subjects tested anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive alone, 839 were hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) alone, and 652 had an excessive alcohol intake. The prevalence of gallstone disease was 23.3% in anti‐HCV‐positive patients, 12.4% in HBsAg positive and 24.2% in subjects reporting excessive alcohol intake, respectively. Gallstone disease prevalence increased by age in each aetiological category. The proportion of patients with gallstone disease who had a cholecystectomy was the highest in HCV+ subjects. After adjusting for the confounding effect of age and body mass index, compared with patients with less severe liver disease, subjects with HCV‐related cirrhosis, but not those with alcohol‐related cirrhosis, were more likely to have gallstone disease. Subjects with HCV‐related cirrhosis (OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.38–3.26) were more likely to have gallstone disease when compared with those with HBV‐related cirrhosis. HCV infection is a risk factor for gallstone disease. In Italy, the high prevalence of HCV infection among cirrhotic patients has important implications, as cholecystectomy in these subjects is associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality.