Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): psychometric properties

Synopsis The psychometric properties of the 28- and 30-item versions of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated (IDS-C) and Self-Report (IDS-SR) are reported in a total of 434 (28-item) and 337 (30-item) adult out-patients with current major depressive disorder and 118 adult euthymic subjects (15 remitted depressed and 103 normal controls). Cronbach's α ranged from 0·92 to 0·94 for the total sample and from 0·76 to 0·82 for those with current depression. Item total correlations, as well as several tests of concurrent and discriminant validity are reported. Factor analysis revealed three dimensions (cognitive/mood, anxiety/arousal and vegetative) for each scale. Analysis of sensitivity to change in symptom severity in an open-label trial of fluoxetine (N = 58) showed that the IDS-C and IDS-SR were highly related to the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Given the more complete item coverage, satisfactory psychometric properties, and high correlations with the above standard ratings, the 30-item IDS-C and IDS-SR can be used to evaluate depressive symptom severity. The availability of similar item content for clinician-rated and self-reported versions allows more direct evaluations of these two perspectives.
Predictive Approach for Sensorless Bimanual Teleoperation Under Random Time Delays With Adaptive Fuzzy Control

Robot teleoperation techniques are applied in industrial automation, space, and surgery. Considering the high cost of force–torque (F/T) sensors, an “indirect estimation” of the external force is preferable to “direct sensing” of the force. This study provides a predictive control method for a bimanual teleoperation system without F/T and acceleration sensors. Two types of mirror predictors are built into the control architecture. One of them is a position predictor estimating the position states of the remote side under stochastic network-induced delays. The force predictor estimates the contact forces and dynamic uncertainties utilizing the local time-delayed information. By accurately estimating the local force, the position predictors/observers are used to estimate the internal dynamics of the master and slave simultaneously, and thereby, avoid using the delayed transmitted information. An adaptive fuzzy control strategy based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proposed to evaluate and suppress the uncertainties, thereby, ensuring that the synchronization errors of the system positions converge to zero and the estimated force approaches real values. The system stability of the closed-loop system is proven using LMIs based on a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional synthesis. An experimental test involving a dual-arm robot, YuMi, holding and moving a yoga ball is performed based on a semiphysical platform.
Does dust from Patagonia reach the sub‐Antarctic Atlantic Ocean?

Although emission of dust from the Patagonia desert is shown by global aerosol models, there is conflicting observational evidence of dust activity in the region. Because dust from Patagonia into the Southern Ocean (SO) may play a role in regulating phytoplankton activity, it is necessary to confirm whether there is dust activity and if so, how far the dust travels into the SO. We used a combination of surface visibility, satellite measurements (MODIS and OMI) and transport model (HYSPLIT) to track and report for the first time a dust event originating in Patagonia. We show that the dust reached the free troposphere in the Sub‐Antarctic Atlantic Ocean. Although the dust emission was significant, cloudiness and dilution of the plume resulted in difficult conditions to track dust in the SW Atlantic. We show that the use of any single tool (i.e., MODIS or OMI) is not enough to track the dust and only an integrated approach of satellite and modeling tools can achieve a consistent description. As a result, current platforms used for dust detection are probably underestimating aerosol loading in the area
Mapping the anatomy of the immunodominant domain of the human immunodeficiency virus gp41 transmembrane protein: peptide conformation analysis using monoclonal antibodies and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Thirty-six monoclonal antibodies from mice and three from rats were raised against a peptide corresponding to the immunodominant domain of the transmembrane gp41 protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (LGLWGCSGKLIC; amino acid residues 598 to 609). Of these, three monoclonal antibodies from the mice and one from a rat also reacted with the corresponding peptide derived from the HIV type 2 transmembrane gp41 protein (amino acid residues 593 to 603; NSWGCAFRQVC). Immunochemical studies using a variety of synthetic peptides indicated that the cross-reactivity was due to antibody binding to CSGKLIC of HIV type 1 or CAFRQVC of HIV type 2. Single amino acid substitutions for a cysteine at either the amino or the carboxy end of the peptide interrupted antibody binding, indicating that the site recognized was the Cys-XXXXX-Cys loop. Similar results were obtained when the 11-mer HIV type 2 gp41 peptide (amino acids 593 to 603) was inoculated into mice to raise monoclonal antibodies. In this instance, of 30 monoclonal antibodies developed, 4 reacted with both HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 peptides. The conformation of a seven-residue peptide, CSGKLIC, corresponding to residues 603 to 609 of the gp41 immunodominant epitope of HIV-1 was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The immunologically active form of CSGKLIC contains an intramolecular disulfide bond and maintains a preference for a folded conformation, apparently including a type I reverse turn about the residues SGKL. No such preference is observed for the reduced form of the peptide, which contains two thiol groups. The presence of the disulfide bond is thus integral to the formation of the structure of the loop in solution. In agreement with this finding, elimination of the possibility of loop formation by substitution of S for C at the amino or carboxy termini of the 7-mer is accompanied by the failure of antibody binding to this peptide.
Active capping demonstration in the Anacostia river, Washington, D.C.

An active capping demonstration project in Washington, D.C., is testing the ability to place sequestering agents on contaminated sediments using conventional equipment and evaluating their subsequent effectiveness relative to conventional passive sand sediment caps. Selected active capping materials include: (1) AquaBlokTM, a clay material for permeability control; (2) apatite, a phosphate mineral for metals control; (3) coke, an organic sequestration agent; and (4) sand material for a control cap. All of the materials, except coke, were placed in 8,000-ft test plots by a conventional clamshell method during March and April 2004. Coke was placed as a 1.25-cm layer in a laminated mat due to concerns related to settling of the material. Postcap sampling and analysis were conducted during the first, sixth, and eighteenth months after placement. Although postcap sampling is expected to continue for at least an additional 24 months, this article summarizes the results of the demonstration project and postcap sampling efforts up to 18 months. Conventional clamshell placement was found to be effective for placing relatively thin (six-inch) layers of active material. The viability of placing high-value or difficult-to-place material in a controlled manner was successfully demonstrated with the laminated mat. Postcap monitoring indicates that all cap materials effectively isolated contaminants, but it is not yet possible to differentiate between conventional sand and active cap layer performance. Monitoring of the permeability control layer indicated effective reductions in groundwater seepage rates through the cap, but also showed the potential for gas accumulation and irregular release. All of the cap materials show deposition of new contaminated sediment onto the surface of the caps, illustrating the importance of source control in maintaining sediment quality. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Efficient Hierarchical Fuzzy Approach for System Level System-on-a-Chip Design

One of the most important bottleneck in the overall design flow of a complex embedded system is due to the simulation. Simulation occurs at every phase of the design flow. In this paper we focus on system level design proposing a novel approach to speed up the evaluation of a system configuration. The approach, which uses a fuzzy system as approximator for the different components of the system, is used to accelerate the design space exploration of a VLIW based parameterized SoC platform for the optimization of both performance and power dissipation. The experiments carried out on a multimedia benchmark suite, demonstrate the scalability and the accuracy of the proposed approach
The Age of Water and Ventilation Timescales in a Global Ocean Model

Abstract The age of water in the World Ocean is studied using a passive age tracer introduced into a global ocean model. Additional information is derived from a transient “dye” tracer that tracks the time-dependent spreading of surface waters into the model ocean interior. Of particular interest is the nature of ocean ventilation over the 10–100-yr timescale, as well as the simulated age of deep and bottom water masses. In the upper model levels young water is found to correspond with regions of convergence (and downwelling) in the surface Ekman layer. Upwelling and convection are both shown to age the upper ocean by entraining older waters into the surface mixed layer. In the deep model levels, water age varies greatly between oceans, with young water found in convectively active regions (in the North Atlantic and in the Ross and Weddell Seas), and old water found in the deep North Pacific. The oldest water mass mixture (located at 2228-m depth in the western Pacific Ocean) is dated at 1494 years, made .
Mutations in the Arabidopsis RPK1 gene uncouple cotyledon anlagen and primordia by modulating epidermal cell shape and polarity

Summary Plant seedlings have either one or two cotyledons. The mechanisms that regulate this organ number are poorly understood. Mutations in the RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE1 (RPK1) gene of the dicot Arabidopsis have only one cotyledon, with low penetrance due to complex genetic redundancy. An analysis of patterning genes required for cotyledon initiation showed that these have normal expression patterns, defining the cotyledon anlagen, in rpk1. This was also true for key genes, which organize the shoot apical meristem (SAM). By contrast, epidermal cell shape and polarity were compromised in rpk1 embryos, as evidenced by disturbed polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. PIN1 is required for the establishment of auxin maxima, which induce and maintain organ primordia. The effects in rpk1 mutants manifest in a spatially and timely stochastic fashion probably due to redundancy of RPK1-like functions. Consistently, auxin maxima showed a stochastic distribution in rpk1 embryos, being at times entirely absent and at other times supernumerary. This variability may explain how monocotyledonous seedlings and cotyledon shape variants can developmentally arise in Arabidopsis and possibly in other plants.
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction and attentional control

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that mindfulness involves sustained attention, attention switching, inhibition of elaborative processing and non-directed attention. Healthy adults were tested before and after random assignment to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course (n = 39) or a wait-list control (n = 33). Testing included measures of sustained attention, attention switching, Stroop interference (as a measure of inhibition of elaborative processing), detection of objects in consistent or inconsistent scenes (as a measure of non-directed attention), as well as self-report measures of emotional well-being and mindfulness. Participation in the MBSR course was associated with significantly greater improvements in emotional well-being and mindfulness, but no improvements in attentional control relative to the control group. However, improvements in mindfulness after MBSR were correlated with improvements in object detection. We discuss the implications of these results as they relate to the role of attention in mindfulness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detinitive Report CELL III . SURFACE ANTIGENS OF HUMAN MALIGNANT MELANOMA Recognition of Autoantibodies with Unusual Characteristics

Our serological analysis of mal ignant melanoma has focused on cell surface antigens detected by reactions with autologous serum (1, 2). Cultured lines of melanoma cells and companion skin fibroblasts from the same individual serve as standard target cells in mixed hemadsorption (MHA) and immune adherence (IA) assays. Absorption tests with cells from autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic sources determine the specificity of reactions observed between melanoma cells and autologous serum. In this way, three distinctive melanoma surface antigens, designated AU, BD, and AH, have been defined (1, 2). AU and BD belong to a class of individually distinct surface antigens which show an absolute restriction to autologous melanoma cells (1, 2). The other, AH, represents a class of shared melanoma ant igens which has been detected on 5 out of 12 melanomas, but not on corresponding autologous fibroblasts or on other normal or mahgnan t ttssues (2)
Carboxyl terminal domain basic amino acids of mycobacterial topoisomerase I bind DNA to promote strand passage

Bacterial DNA topoisomerase I (topoI) carries out relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA through a series of orchestrated steps, DNA binding, cleavage, strand passage and religation. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the type IA topoisomerases harbor DNA cleavage and religation activities, but the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) is highly diverse. Most of these enzymes contain a varied number of Zn2+ finger motifs in the CTD. The Zn2+ finger motifs were found to be essential in Escherichia coli topoI but dispensable in the Thermotoga maritima enzyme. Although, the CTD of mycobacterial topoI lacks Zn2+ fingers, it is indispensable for the DNA relaxation activity of the enzyme. The divergent CTD harbors three stretches of basic amino acids needed for the strand passage step of the reaction as demonstrated by a new assay. We also show that the basic amino acids constitute an independent DNA-binding site apart from the NTD and assist the simultaneous binding of two molecules of DNA to the enzyme, as required during the catalytic step. Although the NTD binds to DNA in a site-specific fashion to carry out DNA cleavage and religation, the basic residues in CTD bind to non-scissile DNA in a sequence-independent manner to promote the crucial strand passage step during DNA relaxation. The loss of Zn2+ fingers from the mycobacterial topoI could be associated with Zn2+ export and homeostasis.
Gravity and extended gravity: estimating a structural model of export entry

Exporters continuously enter and exit individual foreign markets. Although a given firm's status as an exporter tends to be persistent, the set of destination countries that a firm serves changes frequently. In this paper we empirically examine the determinants of a firm's choice of destination countries and show that their export paths follow systematic patterns. We develop a model of export dynamics where firms decide in each period the countries to which they sell. Our model allows prots from each possible destination country to depend on: (a) how similar it is to the firm's home country (gravity), and (b) how similar it is to other destinations to which the firm has previously exported (extended gravity). Given the enormous number of possible export paths from which firms may choose, conventional estimation approaches based on discrete choice models are unfeasible. Instead, we use a moment inequalities approach. Our inequalities come from applying an analogue of Euler's perturbation method to a discrete choice setting. We show that standard gravity forces have a much larger influence on sunk costs than on fixed costs of exporting and that extended gravity effects can be substantial.
Capacity and mutual information of wideband multipath fading channels

We investigate the capacity and mutual information of a broadband fading channel consisting of a finite number of time-varying paths. We show that the capacity of the channel in the wideband limit is the same as that of a wideband Gaussian channel with the same average received power. However, the input signals needed to achieve the capacity must be "peaky" in time or frequency. In particular, we show that if white-like signals are used instead (as is common in spread-spectrum systems), the mutual information is inversely proportional to the number of resolvable paths L/spl tilde/ with energy spread out, and in fact approaches 0 as the number of paths gets large. This is true even when the paths are assumed to be tracked perfectly at the receiver. A critical parameter L/spl tilde//sub crit/ is defined in terms of system parameters to delineate the threshold on L over which such overspreading phenomenon occurs.
Lithium and halpha in stars and brown dwarfs of sigma orionis

We present intermediate- and low-resolution optical spectra around Hα and Li I λ6708 A for a sample of 25 low mass stars and 2 brown dwarfs with confirmed membership in the pre-main sequence stellar σ Orionis cluster. Our observations are intended to investigate the age of the cluster. The spectral types derived for our target sample are found to be in the range K6–M8.5, which corresponds to a mass interval of roughly 1.2–0.02 M⊙ on the basis of state-of-the-art evolutionary models. Radial velocities (except for one object) are found to be consistent with membership in the Orion complex. All cluster members show considerable Hα emission and the Li I resonance doublet in absorption, which is typical of very young ages. We find that our pseudo-equivalent widths of Hα and Li I (measured relative to the observed local pseudo-continuum formed by molecular absorptions) appear rather dispersed (and intense in the case of Hα) for objects cooler than M3.5 spectral class, occurring at the approximate mass where low mass stars are expected to become fully convective. The least massive brown dwarf in our sample, S Ori 45 (M8.5, ~0.02 M⊙), displays variable Hα emission and a radial velocity that differs from the cluster mean velocity. Tentative detection of forbidden lines in emission indicates that this brown dwarf may be accreting mass from a surrounding disk. We also present recent computations of Li I λ6708 A curves of growth for low gravities and for the temperature interval (about 4000–2600 K) of our sample. The comparison of our observations to these computations allows us to infer that no lithium depletion has yet taken place in σ Orionis, and that the observed pseudo-equivalent widths are consistent with a cluster initial lithium abundance close to the cosmic value. Hence, the upper limit to the σ Orionis cluster age can be set at 8 Myr, with a most likely value around 2–4 Myr.
Children and Adolescents as Patients in General Practice - The Reasons for Encounter

Background The SESAM 2 study was performed to estimate consultations of general practitioners. In the recent work we focused on the reasons for encounter of children and adolescents consulting the general practitioner. Methods Cross-sectional study with general practices in Saxony (Germany) as setting. Two hundred and seventy of the 2510 (10.8%) Saxon general practitioners agreed to participate and recorded data of 8877 patients. Evaluation of the data was organized by the Saxon Society of General Medicine (SGAM). Cross-sectional data were collected during a one-year period. One day of the week (Monday till Friday) was chosen at random for recording. Data were documented from every tenth patient with personal contact to the practitioner using a standardized report form at either the morning or afternoon consulting hours. Main outcome measures: reasons for encounter, the investigations and treatments performed and also the results of the consultation. Unpublished but publicly available data from the Dutch Transition Project were also analysed. Results Eight hundred and five of 8877 patients were aged under 20 years. The mean percentage of children and adolescents in the general practice consultation was 9.1%. The mean number of reasons for encounter per child patient was about 1.5 and did not differ between the age groups. Most consultations were due to respiratory, digestive, skin or general symptoms with typical seasonal variations regarding the most frequent reasons for encounter caused by infectious diseases. Conclusions As there is limited access to pediatric specialists, German general practitioners have to deal with children quite frequently. The number of child reasons for encounter is manageable for the general practitioner with an increasing spectrum of reasons for encounter among adolescents. In agreement with other publications most of the young patients consult for respiratory or general symptoms, or require preventive immunization or injection. Keywords Children; Adolescents; Reason for encounter; General practice; Primary care
Topography, ice thickness and ice volume of the glacier Pedersenbreen in Svalbard, using GPR and GPS

Pedersenbreen is a small valley glacier (ca. 6 km2 in 2009), ending on land, located in north-western Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Ground-based radio-echo sounding in April 2009, using a 100-MHz commercial radar and a self-made low-frequency radar, revealed a polythermal structure. The radar was coupled with a global positioning system device to geo-reference the traces. Each radar profile was manually edited to pick the reflection arrival time from the interface between ice and bedrock. Travel times were converted to ice thickness using a velocity of 0.165 m/ns, which was estimated from common mid-point measurement. Then the surface topography, bedrock topography, ice thickness contours and ice volume were derived using interpolation methods. Because it was difficult to distinguish the reflection wave from the background with the 100-MHz radar in some of the thickest areas of Pedersenbreen, we used a 5-MHz radar of our own design to fill in this gap. The maximum thickness of Pedersenbreen reaches 183±9 m, and the ice volume is 0.393±0.047 km3 in 2009. Comparing these data with the surface topographical data available for 1936 indicates a mass loss of nearly 12% during the past 73 years.
Present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation in China continent

Velocity field of China continent constrained by Global Positioning System (GPS) reveals both continuous and block-like styles of deformation. Continuous deformation commonly characterizes actively deforming mountain ranges such as the Tianshan Mountain, Qilian Mountain, and Tibet. The block-like movement often represents deformation in the tectonically stable regions such as Ordos, South China and Tarim blocks. GPS measurements indicate 5.1±2.5 mm/a left-lateral strike-slip rate along the Altun fault. Eastward convergence along the Longmenshan fault is less than 6.7 ± 3.0 mm/a. South China moves 11–14 mm/a eastward compared with the stable Eurasia. These low slip rates do not imply rapid eastward extrusion of China continent predicted by the model of “continental extrusion”. It appears that “crustal thickening” model more properly describes both continuous and block-like styles of deformation in China continent.