Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Audience concentration in the media: cross-media comparisons and the introduction of the uncertainty measure

This article examined how audiences respond to item abundance by analyzing audience concentration of magazines, cable television networks, radio networks, and broadcast television networks. The primary finding is that there is a positive relationship between item abundance and the degree of audience concentration measured by uncertainty ratios. As item options in newer media increase, the finding is important for two reasons: diversity issues related to audience behavior and diversity policy issues. The efforts to promote item diversity by policy-makers can be undermined by the result that audiences concentrate more highly on a smaller portion of items with an increase in item options.
Sirt1 Deficiency Attenuates Spermatogenesis and Germ Cell Function

In mammals, Sirt1, a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, functions as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deactylase, and has important physiological roles, including the regulation of glucose metabolism, cell survival, and mitochondrial respiration. The initial investigations of Sirt1 deficient mice have revealed a phenotype that includes a reduced lifespan, small size, and an increased frequency of abnormal sperm. We have now performed a detailed analysis of the molecular and functional effects of Sirt1 deficiency in the germ line of Sirt1 knock-out (−/−) mice. We find that Sirt1 deficiency markedly attenuates spermatogenesis, but not oogenesis. Numbers of mature sperm and spermatogenic precursors, as early as d15.5 of development, are significantly reduced (∼2-10-fold less; P≤0.004) in numbers in Sirt1−/− mice, whereas Sirt1 deficiency did not effect the efficiency oocyte production following superovulation of female mice. Furthermore, the proportion of mature sperm with elevated DNA damage (∼7.5% of total epididymal sperm; P = 0.02) was significantly increased in adult Sirt1−/− males. Analysis of global gene expression by microarray analysis in Sirt1 deficient testis revealed dysregulated expression of 85 genes, which were enriched (P<0.05) for genes involved in spermatogenesis and protein sumoylation. To assess the function of Sirt1 deficient germ cells, we compared the efficiency of generating embryos and viable offspring in in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments using gametes from Sirt1−/− and sibling Sirt1+/− mice. While viable animals were derived in both Sirt1−/− X wild type and Sirt1−/− X Sirt1−/− crosses, the efficiency of producing both 2-cell zygotes and viable offspring was diminished when IVF was performed with Sirt1−/− sperm and/or oocytes. Together, these data support an important role for Sirt1 in spermatogenesis, including spermatogenic stem cells, as well as germ cell function.
Birth Weight Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Within Dizygotic but Not Monozygotic Twin Pairs: A Large Population-Based Co-Twin–Control Study

Background— The widely reported inverse association between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has sparked theories about early life determinants of adult disease. Within-twin-pair analysis provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether factors shared within twin pairs influence the association. Methods and Results— In a population-based cohort of like-sexed twins with known zygosity born in Sweden from 1926 to 1958, disease-discordant twin pairs were identified through linkage to the National Inpatient and Cause of Death registers between 1973 and 2006. Co-twin–control analyses were performed on twins discordant for cardiovascular disease (n=3884), coronary heart disease (n=2668), and stroke (n=1372). Overall, inverse associations between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular diseases were seen within dizygotic but not monozygotic twin pairs. In dizygotic twins, the odds ratios for a 1-kg within-pair increase in birth weight were 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.98) for coronary heart disease and 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.88) for stroke. Conversely, no statistically significant associations were found within monozygotic twins (for coronary heart disease: odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.68; for stroke: odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.80). Conclusions— We found an association between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease within disease-discordant dizygotic but not monozygotic twin pairs. This indicates that the association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease could be a result of common causes, and that factors that vary within dizygotic but not monozygotic twin pairs may help identify them.
The levels of trypsinogen isoenzymes in ovarian tumour cyst fluids are associated with promatrix metalloproteinase-9 but not promatrix metalloproteinase-2 activation

Proteolysis mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteinases is associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Activation of latent proMMPs, and especially the proforms of the type IV collagen degrading gelatinases A and B (proMMP-2 and proMMP-9), is thought to be a critical step in this process. We have recently found that human tumour-associated trypsin-2 is a potent activator of proMMP-9 and it also activates proMMP-2 in vitro. Trypsinogen, MMP-2, and MMP-9 are expressed in ovarian cancer. To elucidate the function of trypsin in vivo, we studied whether high concentrations of trypsinogen-1, trypsinogen-2, their α1-proteinase inhibitor (API) complexes, and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) are associated with proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activation in ovarian tumour cyst fluids. Zymography and immunofluorometric analysis of 61 cyst fluids showed a significant association between high trypsin concentrations and the activation of MMP-9 (P= 0.003–0.05). In contrast, the trypsin concentrations were inversely associated with the activation of MMP-2 (P= 0.01–0.02). Immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian tumour tissue demonstrated expression of trypsinogen-2 and TATI in the secretory epithelium. MMP-2 was detected both in stromal and epithelial cells whereas MMP-9 was detected in neutrophils and macrophage-like cells in stromal and epithelial areas. These results suggest that trypsin may play a role in the regulation of the MMP-dependent proteolysis associated with invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
Rationale for Combination Therapy With Galantamine and Memantine in Alzheimer's Disease

A combination of cholinergic and glutamatergic dysfunction appears to underlie the symptomatology of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, one hypothesis is that treatment strategies should address impairments in both systems. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that, unlike other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, has a postulated dual mode of action as a nicotinic receptor modulator. Galantamine has demonstrated long‐term efficacy in improving or maintaining cognition, functionality, and behavior in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Memantine, a noncompetitive N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐receptor antagonist, reduces deterioration in cognition and function in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic as well as ongoing observation studies support the concept of adjunctive therapy with memantine in patients with advanced moderate Alzheimer's disease currently treated with an established galantamine regimen. The potential to modulate both acetylcholine and glutamate pathways in Alzheimer's disease presents a novel treatment strategy for the management of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease.
The Correlation of Executive Compensation and Shareholder Wealth

Executive compensation has been a popular topic in the media recently; newspapers and magazines are criticizing executives who have profited despite the decline of their companies after the stock market boom of the late 1990s. In this paper, I examine the underlying problem of executive compensation—the agency problem—and trace the history of its study. I then review a famous study by Michel Jensen and Kevin Murphy on how executives are paid, rather than how much. Finally, I perform my own experiment to see if Jensen and Murphy's conclusion that executives are paid independent of performance still holds. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor John Pencavel for encouraging me to write this thesis and to pursue further study in economics. Thank you to Irina Nosova for her motivation, encouragement, and inexhaustible support. Thank you to Professor Geoffrey Rothwell for helping me to a good start and predicting my senior year so accurately. Thank you also to Professor Paul Oyer for leading me to Professor Kevin Murphy and his extensive work on the subject. Thank you to Professor Murphy for providing his appendix, more than 10 years after its completion. A heartfelt thanks to Evan Horowitz for providing a place to work, listening to my ideas and rants, and for technical help on the experiment. Finally, a major thank you to my advisor, Professor John Shoven, for his enthusiasm, guidance, and patience, and for making this a truly memorable and rewarding experience.
Employee Engagement Toward Intention To Quit With job Insecurity As Moderating Variable At Goverment Bank In Bandung City

The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the importance of employee engagement and its relationship to employee intent to quit witch moderated by job insecurity on employees frontline state bank in Bandung City Indonesia. The method used is explanatory survey method that this study took a sample of the population with a questionnaire and interview techniques as the primary means of data collection. The subjects of the study were also as the unit of analysis in this study is the frontline employees (teller and customer service) that serve the general customers, where the position is vulnerable to employee turnover, whereas they are the spearhead or the forefront (frontline) that connects to the customer's bank (the customer ). A randomly selected sample of 4 bank was used in this study. A total of 270 respondents participated. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 2.0. The linear regression analysis indicated there was a significant, strong, and negative linear relationship between employee engagement level and employee intent to quit rate. The results of this research promote employee engagement is a significant negative effect amounted 41,42% of the intention to quit, while the variable job insecurity is not proven significantly. The conclusion from this study is that the employe engagement give significant influence on the intention to quit and variable job insecurity is not a variable moderation.
The Broad Autism (Endo)Phenotype: Neurostructural and Neurofunctional Correlates in Parents of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a set of neurodevelopmental disorders with an early-onset and a strong genetic component in their pathogenesis. According to genetic and epidemiological data, ASD relatives present personality traits similar to, but not as severe as the defining features of ASD, which have been indicated as the “Broader Autism Phenotype” (BAP). BAP features seem to be more prevalent in first-degree relatives of individuals with ASD than in the general population. Characterizing brain profiles of relatives of autistic probands may help to understand ASD endophenotype. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of research findings on the neurostructural and neurofunctional substrates in parents of individuals with ASD (pASD). The primary hypothesis was that, like for the behavioral profile, the pASD express an intermediate neurobiological pattern between ASD individuals and healthy controls. The 13 reviewed studies evaluated structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumes, chemical signals using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), task-related functional activation by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), or magnetoencephalography (MEG) in pASD.The studies showed that pASD are generally different from healthy controls at a structural and functional level despite often not behaviorally impaired. More atypicalities in neural patterns of pASD seem to be associated with higher scores at BAP assessment. Some of the observed atypicalities are the same of the ASD probands. In addition, the pattern of neural correlates in pASD resembles that of adult individuals with ASD, or it is specific, possibly due to a compensatory mechanism. Future studies should ideally include a group of pASD and HC with their ASD and non-ASD probands respectively. They should subgrouping the pASD according to the BAP scores, considering gender as a possible confounding factor, and correlating these scores to underlying brain structure and function. These types of studies may help to understand the genetic mechanisms involved in the various clinical dimension of ASD.
Message Authentication over Noisy Channels

The essence of authentication is the transmission of unique and irreproducible information. In this paper, the authentication becomes a problem of the secure transmission of the secret key over noisy channels. A general analysis and design framework for message authentication is presented based on the results of Wyner’s wiretap channel. Impersonation and substitution attacks are primarily investigated. Information-theoretic lower and upper bounds on the opponent’s success probability are derived, and the lower bound and the upper bound are shown to match. In general, the fundamental limits on message authentication over noisy channels are fully characterized. Analysis results demonstrate that introducing noisy channels is a reliable way to enhance the security of authentication.
Visual Agnosia: Disorders of Object Recognition and What They Tell Us about Normal Vision

"Visual Agnosia "is a comprehensive and up-to-date review of disorders of higher vision that relates these disorders to current conceptions of higher vision from cognitive science, illuminating both the neuropsychological disorders and the nature of normal visual object recognition.Brain damage can lead to selective problems with visual perception, including visual agnosia the inability to recognize objects even though elementary visual functions remain unimpaired. Such disorders are relatively rare, yet they provide a window onto how the normal brain might accomplish the complex task of vision. "Visual Agnosia "reviews a century of case studies of higher-level visual deficits following brain damage, places them in the general context of current neuroscience, and draws relevant conclusions about the organization of normal visual processing. It is unique in drawing on research in cognitive psychology, computational vision, visual neurophysiology, and neuropsychology to interpret the agnosias and draw inferences from them about visual object recognition.Following a historical account of agnosia research, "Visual Agnosia "offers a taxonomy of a wide range of agnosia syndromes, describing and interpreting the syndromes in terms of the latest theoretical models of visual processing and ultimately bringing them to bear as evidence on a variety of questions in the study of higher vision.Martha J. Farah is Associate Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. "Visual Agnosia "is included in the Issues in Biology of Language and Cognition series, edited by John Marshall.
Neuropsychologic Deficits in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Cerebral Infarction: Role of Lesion Site and Volume

Little is known about the correlation between the location and size of cerebral infarction in children and neuropsychologic deficits. We related lesion location and volume on magnetic resonance exams to neuropsychologic performance in 28 children with cerebral infarcts due to sickle cell disease. Seventeen healthy siblings served as a comparison group. Children with anterior cerebral infarcts (n = 7) showed deficits in attention and executive skills, whereas children with more widespread cerebral infarcts (n = 18) showed additional deficits in spatial skills. The volume of cerebral infarction was associated with spatial and language performance, but minimally related to performance in other cognitive domains. The location and volume of cerebral infarction are both important for defining the type and magnitude of cognitive sequelae in childhood stroke.
A conceptual framework of antecedents of information search in exporting

Purpose – The most commonly used segmentation approach to understand information acquisition behavior in the exporting context is to group individuals/firms on a variety of demographic and psychographic variables. This paper argues that while psychographic and demographic segmentation provide descriptive information about who are likely to engage in information search, they are insufficient to provide insights into why individuals search.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing upon the applied psychology literature, an integrative framework using the key constructs of motivation and cognitive ability is developed that conceptualizes the influences of and outcomes from information acquisition.Practical implications – By studying information acquisition within the context of the interactions between motivation and ability, normative insights can be gained on the likelihood of management's active participation in information search. The author develops a typology for the nature of information acquisition to ex.
Amyloid‐β associated volume loss occurs only in the presence of phospho‐tau

The relationship between neurodegeneration and the 2 hallmark proteins of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau, is still unclear. Here, we examined 286 nondemented participants (107 cognitively normal older adults and 179 memory impaired individuals) who underwent longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and lumbar puncture. Using mixed effects models, we investigated the relationship between longitudinal entorhinal cortex atrophy rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p‐tau181p and CSF Aβ1–42. We found a significant relationship between elevated entorhinal cortex atrophy rate and decreased CSF Aβ1–42 only with elevated CSF p‐tau181p. Our findings indicate that Aβ‐associated volume loss occurs only in the presence of phospho‐tau in humans at risk for dementia. Ann Neurol 2011
Influences on Hunter Support for Deer Herd Reduction as a Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Management Strategy

The extent to which wildlife diseases like chronic wasting disease (CWD) are density dependent creates opportunities to manage them by implementing population reduction to disrupt disease spread and lower its prevalence. We tested a model to investigate the influence of risk perceptions and other salient beliefs on deer hunter support for deer density reduction as chronic wasting disease strategy in Wisconsin. We found that the influence of risk perceptions on hunter support for population goals was mediated through beliefs about whether eradication is necessary. Our results suggest that hunter beliefs about the likelihood of deer reduction achieving CWD eradication had the greatest influence on support for herd reduction. If managers intend to use recreational hunters to combat CWD, they need to provide tangible evidence that deer reduction results in progress in containing or eliminating CWD to increase beliefs in the efficacy of the strategy.
Citius at SemEval-2017 Task 2: Cross-Lingual Similarity from Comparable Corpora and Dependency-Based Contexts

This article describes the distributional strategy submitted by the Citius team to the SemEval 2017 Task 2. Even though the team participated in two subtasks, namely monolingual and cross-lingual word similarity, the article is mainly focused on the cross-lingual subtask. Our method uses comparable corpora and syntactic dependencies to extract count-based and transparent bilingual distributional contexts. The evaluation of the results show that our method is competitive with other cross-lingual strategies, even those using aligned and parallel texts.
A representation theory for prime and implicative semilattices

1. Introduction. A large part of the theory of pseudo complemented lattices can be extended to pseudo complemented semilattices, as was pointed out by O. Frink in [3]. In [5], W. Nemitz makes a similar observation concerning implicative lattices and implicative semilattices. In the first part of this paper we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a semilattice L to be isomorphic with a family R of sets so that finite products in L correspond to intersections in R, and finite sums in L—when they exist—correspond to unions in R. Semilattices satisfying this condition will be called prime. The term isomorphism is used for a correspondence between partially ordered sets which preserves order in both directions [1, p. 3]. In §3, a representation theory for prime semilattices is presented. It shows that a prime semilattice L is essentially a collection C of compact-open sets of a Stone space. As expected, L is a lattice if and only if C consists of all compact-open sets. Thus, we have a natural generalization of the Stone representation theorem for distributive lattices [8]. An interesting example of a prime semilattice is an impli-cative semilattice. The last section is concerned with the properties of the representation space of these semilattices.
Packet-loss error detection system for DTV and set-top box functional testing

Video communication in present multimedia networks is generally prone to transport stream packet-loss error that is manifested as annoying visual artifact in the decoded video signal. The packet-loss error is generally due to noise and signal attenuation in the transport medium, which introduces errors in the modulated digital packetized signal. A case of special interest related to this issue, at which this paper is targeting, is digital broadcasting network and Digital TV receiver as the end application. At the receiver side, the DTV set performs demodulation and evaluates the errors in the incoming transport stream by a parametric model, based on which it decides whether to display the damaged video or simply acknowledge "no signal" state with black screen or frozen video. In order to test DTV set functionality in terms of detecting perceived packet-loss errors and correct switching between a "correct" signal mode (when no video degradation is present) to a "no signal" mode (when video degradation is detected), we propose an embedded system and a novel method for packet-loss detection based on decoded image information. The proposed system is highly efficiently implemented on a INTEL Quad Core platform with a simple connection to the TV set (under investigation) via CVBS. This facilitates easy usage of the proposed test system on different geographical locations, within the broadcast network, with the same type of the DTV sets in order to reliably verify their functionality under different network conditions. The proposed system comprises of a novel algorithm module for packet-loss error measurement, based on which the DTV functionality is assessed. The results indicate high sensitivity of the algorithm to packet-loss error with satisfying robustness against various video sequences with different image content.
Integration of high-Q BAW resonators and filters above IC

A double-lattice BAW filter with balanced input and output is designed with a center frequency of 2.14GHz. The filter is integrated directly above a 0.25/spl mu/m BiCMOS RF IC. Insertion loss of -3dB and out-of-band rejection better than -50dB are achieved. An integrated LNA comprising two broadband amplifiers and one BAW filter is also presented.