Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Do Academically Selective School Systems Affect Pupils’ Social-Emotional Competencies? New Evidence From the Millennium Cohort Study

An extensive literature has investigated the link between living in an area with an academically selective schooling system and young people’s educational outcomes. In contrast, evidence on the link between selective education and young people’s wider outcomes is relatively sparse. This article uses rich survey data to test whether young people living in selective education areas in England have better academic, social, and emotional outcomes than their peers who live in nonselective areas. Results show that exposure to the selection process has limited impact upon young people’s socioemotional outcomes. We do find, however, that selective systems increase the socioeconomic gradient of educational aspirations, driven by divergence between those who do and do not gain entry to the selective track.
Identification of Factors on Recovery and Quality of Life in Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To identify factors related to recovery and quality of life in spinal cord injury. Research design: Non-experimental. Setting: SVNIRTAR and Regional Spinal Injury Centre (RSIC), Cuttack. Participants: 150 SCI subjects. Outcome measures: Questionnaire based on history, WHOQOL-BREF scale, Perceived stress scale (PSS), the satisfaction with life scale (TSWLS). Results and conclusion: Subjects with better functional recovery included those who underwent surgical treatment, spent less time at injury site, and had not lost consciousness and no neurological deterioration at site of injury. Also, QOL domains, perceives stress, satisfaction with life are not related. QOL and life satisfaction with complete and incomplete SCI are different. Similarly, satisfaction with life among married and unmarried subject is different.
Reversible Barrel Shifters

Data shifting is required in many key computer operations from address decoding to computer arithmetic. Full barrel shifters are often on the critical path, which has led most research to be directed toward speed optimizations. With the advent of quantum computer and reversible logic, design and implementation of all devices in this logic has received more attention. This paper proposes a reversible implementation of a barrel shifter, and also evaluation of its quantum cost is presented.
Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Antirrhinum majus Genome Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under the accession nos. AY630561 (for BAC 5E10) and AY6305612 (for BAC 36D21).

As a model system in classical plant genetics, the genus Antirrhinum has been well studied, especially in gametophytic self-incompatibility, flower development biology, and transposon-induced mutation. In contrast to the advances in genetic and molecular studies, little is known about Antirrhinum cytogenetics. In this study, we isolated two tandem repetitive sequences, CentA1 and CentA2, from the centromeric regions of Antirrhinum chromosomes. A standard karyotype has been established by anchoring these centromeric repeats on meiotic pachytene chromosome using FISH. An ideogram based on the DAPI-staining pattern of pachytene chromosomes was developed to depict the distribution of heterochromatin in the Antirrhinum majus genome. To integrate the genetic and chromosomal maps, we selected one or two molecular markers from each linkage group to screen an Antirrhinum transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) library. These genetically anchored TAC clones were labeled as FISH probes to hybridize to pachytene chromosomes of A. majus. As a result, the relationship between chromosomes and the linkage groups (LGs) in Antirrhinum has been established.
Twisted sectors in three-dimensional gravity

Twisted sectors\char22{}solutions to the equations of motion with non-trivial monodromies\char22{}of three dimensional Euclidean gravity are studied. We argue that upon quantization this new sector of the theory provides the necessary (and no more) degrees of freedom to account for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of three-dimensional black holes.
New Results on Morris's Observational Theory: The Benefits of Separating the Inseparable

Working in the untyped lambda calculus, we study Morris's lambda-theory H+. Introduced in 1968, this is the original extensional theory of contextual equivalence. On the syntactic side, we show that this lambda-theory validates the omega-rule, thus settling a long-standing open problem.On the semantic side, we provide sufficient and necessary conditions for relational graph models to be fully abstract for H+. We show that a relational graph model captures Morris's observational preorder exactly when it is extensional and lambda-Konig. Intuitively, a model is lambda-Konig when every lambda-definable tree has an infinite path which is witnessed by some element of the model. Both results follow from a weak separability property enjoyed by terms differing only because of some infinite eta-expansion, which is proved through a refined version of the Bohm-out technique.
Effective Robustness Analysis Using Bounded Model Checking Techniques

Continuously shrinking feature sizes result in an increasing susceptibility of circuits to transient faults, e.g., due to environmental radiation. Approaches to implement fault tolerance are known. But assessing the fault tolerance of a given implementation is a hard verification problem. Here, we propose the use of formal methods to assess the robustness of a digital circuit with respect to transient faults. Our formal model uses a fixed bound in time and exploits fault detection circuitry to cope with the complexity of the underlying sequential equivalence check. As a result, a lower and an upper bound on the robustness are returned together with vulnerable components. The underlying algorithm and techniques to improve the efficiency are presented. In experiments, we evaluate the method on circuits with different fault detection mechanisms.
Correlation and agreement: overview and clarification of competing concepts and measures

Summary: Agreement and correlation are widely-used concepts that assess the association between variables. Although similar and related, they represent completely different notions of association. Assessing agreement between variables assumes that the variables measure the same construct, while correlation of variables can be assessed for variables that measure completely different constructs. This conceptual difference requires the use of different statistical methods, and when assessing agreement or correlation, the statistical method may vary depending on the distribution of the data and the interest of the investigator. For example, the Pearson correlation, a popular measure of correlation between continuous variables, is only informative when applied to variables that have linear relationships; it may be non-informative or even misleading when applied to variables that are not linearly related. Likewise, the intraclass correlation, a popular measure of agreement between continuous variables, may not provide sufficient information for investigators if the nature of poor agreement is of interest. This report reviews the concepts of agreement and correlation and discusses differences in the application of several commonly used measures.
Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr Alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: Association with Pyrimethamine Resistance Determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expression System

ABSTRACT In plasmodia, the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme is the target of the pyrimethamine component of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (S/P). Plasmodium vivax infections are not treated intentionally with antifolates. However, outside Africa, coinfections with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are common, and P. vivax infections are often exposed to S/P. Cloning of the P. vivax dhfr gene has allowed molecular comparisons of dhfr alleles from different regions. Examination of the dhfr locus from a few locations has identified a very diverse set of alleles and showed that mutant alleles of the vivax dhfr gene are prevalent in Southeast Asia where S/P has been used extensively. We have surveyed patient isolates from six locations in Indonesia and two locations in Papua New Guinea. We sequenced P. vivax dhfr alleles from 114 patient samples and identified 24 different alleles that differed from the wild type by synonymous and nonsynonymous point mutations, insertions, or deletions. Most importantly, five alleles that carried four or more nonsynonymous mutations were identified. Only one of these highly mutant alleles had been previously observed, and all carried the 57L and 117T mutations. P. vivax cannot be cultured continuously, so we used a yeast assay system to determine in vitro sensitivity to pyrimethamine for a subset of the alleles. Alleles with four nonsynonymous mutations conferred very high levels of resistance to pyrimethamine. This study expands significantly the total number of novel dhfr alleles now identified from P. vivax and provides a foundation for understanding how antifolate resistance arises and spreads in natural P. vivax populations.
IN VITRO INDUCTION OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES BY PHAGOCYTOSIS

The in vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes by phagocytosis was demonstrated in cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The contribution of each of several steps in the endocytic process to enzyme induction was examined. The enzymatic response after the uptake of equal numbers of erythrocytes (RBC) and nondigestible particles were compared. Phagocytosis of RBC produced a marked increase in the levels of acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D. Puromycin (1 µg/ml) inhibited the enzyme response. In contrast, phagocytosis of polyvinyl toluene, polystyrene, and insoluble starch particles produced no increase in macrophage lysosomal enzymes, although fusion of phagosomes with preexisting lysosomes occurred normally. The endocytic stimulus to synthesis of inducible lysosomal enzymes, therefore, occurred at or beyond the stage of digestion. Purified protein (bovine gamma globulin) aggregates and homopolymer coacervates of poly-l-glutamic acid: poly-l-lysine were effective inducers of lysosomal acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D, whereas homopolymers of the same D-amino acids were ineffective as inducers. Both the quantity of phagocytized substrate and its rate of enzymatic hydrolysis appear to control the level and persistance of lysosomal hydrolases.
The Queensland Drug Court: A recidivism study of the first 100 graduates: (582982012-001)

This report is the third in a series of research papers by the Australian Institute of Criminology examining the processes, procedures and outcomes of the Queensland drug court program. Commencing in 2000, the Queensland drug court program now operates from five locations, and offers eligible offenders an opportunity to participate in an Intensive Drug Rehabilitation Order (IDRO). An IDRO is a post-sentence court order that requires compulsory drug treatment (either residential or non-residential), regular attendance at court, participation in cognitive and behavioural programs, and compliance monitoring through urinalysis testing. The program is designed as a minimum nine-month intervention delivered over three phases. It targets drug-dependent criminal offenders at the 'hard end' of the Criminal justice continuum; those with a long history of criminal offending and heavy drug use. In terms of drug court outcomes, this evaluation examined the recidivism of the first 100 graduates of the program. A minimum of two years of post-graduation criminal justice data were available for each graduate, making this evaluation the longest follow-up of Australian drug court graduates to date. In the analysis, recidivism was defined as daily episodes of reconviction and was examined before, during and after drug court participation. Recidivism rates were compared to two other groups of offenders: a group of 100 terminates of the program and a sample of 107 prisoners. The report highlights aspects of the Queensland drug court's operation and describes the longitudinal recidivism outcomes of those who are successful and unsuccessful in their endeavours to become drug and crime free. The report emphasises the positive benefits experienced by drug court participants who embrace the opportunity for rehabilitation. Successful offenders consistently report a large decline in their criminal activity and lower rates of recidivism than those who were unsuccessful or those who were sent to prison.
A Teacher’s Perception of Print and Digital Literacy in Early Childhood

—This paper describes the implementation of literacy used by early childhood teachers in language learning in schools. With the background of the modern era and globalization, the purpose of this study was whether print literacy is still necessary and important to be used in early childhood language learning and whether teachers should use digital literacy to keep up with the development of the industrial revolution 4.0 era. This research attempts to explain the teacher's perceptions of literacy learning. This was a mix method qualitative descriptive research. Researchers conducted a survey method for head masters and early childhood teachers in Bengkulu City. Data collection shows that most principals and teachers believe that digital literacy needs to be done in addition to print literacy but some preparations were needed such as the readiness of principals and teachers in learning technology, school needs in the application of digital literacy, and the availability of ICT facilities such as computers, tablets and internet networks. Literacy and language learning is provided through print literacy, such as literary books, story books, posters, letter/words cards, and puppets. Unlike the expectations of experts, the use of digital literacy is still very rarely used. In some schools, teachers also conduct literacy and learn languages by displaying stories through computers or TV, but only once at the top of the theme.
What Makes Time Special

What is the difference between time and space? This question, once a central one in metaphysics, has not been treated kindly by recent history. By joining together space and time into spacetime Minkowski sapped some of the spirit out of this project. That is unfortunate, however, for even in relativistic theories there remain sharp and important metrical and topological distinctions between the timelike and spacelike directions of spacetime. Questions about what these differences are, why they exist and how they are related are fascinating. Why, for instance, is time one-dimensional in virtually all physical theories? What does the “minus sign” in the relativistic metric have to do with time? Is there a connection between the two? At a time when researchers in quantum gravity regularly propose speculative theories with no time at all, a better understanding of time in physics is all the more important—even if only to see what is lost by its absence.
Reduction of hemorrhagic shock–induced acute kidney injury by lower limb ischemic preconditioning in rats

Introduction: During hemorrhagic shock (HS), the kidneys are one of the primary target organs involved. Oxidative stress is shown to be enhanced in different models of acute kidney injury (AKI). Remote ischemic preconditioning (RPC) by brief limb ischemia is considered to be a safe method to protect different organs from further damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief hind limb occlusion on protection against AKI and whether this protection is related to a reduction in oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Twenty one rats were divided into three groups of seven rats. Sham- operated animals underwent surgical procedures, without hemorrhage. HS was induced by bleeding from a femoral arterial catheter to remove 44% of total blood volume. In RPC group, four cycles of lower limb ischemic preconditioning (5 min ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion) were performed immediately before HS. Three hours later, plasma and renal tissue samples were collected for renal function monitoring and oxidative stress assessment. Results: Compared with the sham group, HS resulted in renal dysfunction, significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine (Cr) and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidneys (P0.05). In the RPC group, renal function was significantly improved. Plasma Cr and BUN and renal MDA levels were significantly lower in RPC group comparing to HS group (P0.05). Renal SOD activity was significantly higher in RPC group compared to HS group (P0.05).
MQCD, ("BARELY") G2 MANIFOLDS AND (ORIENTIFOLD OF) A COMPACT CALABI–YAU

We begin with a discussion on two apparently disconnected topics — one related to nonperturbative superpotential generated from wrapping an M2-brane around a supersymmetric three cycle embedded in a G2-manifold evaluated by the path-integral inside a path-integral approach of Ref. 1, and the other centered around the compact Calabi–Yau CY3(3, 243) expressed as a blow-up of a degree-24 Fermat hypersurface in WCP4[1, 1, 2, 8, 12]. For the former, we compare the results with the ones of Witten on heterotic worldsheet instantons.2 The subtopics covered in the latter include an 𝒩=1 triality between Heterotic, M- and F-theories, evaluation of RP2-instanton superpotential, Picard–Fuchs equation for the mirror Landau–Ginzburg model corresponding to CY3(3, 243), D = 11 supergravity corresponding to M-theory compactified on a "barely" G2 manifold involving CY3(3, 243) and a conjecture related to the action of antiholomorphic involution on period integrals. We then shown an indirect connection between the two topics by showing a connection between each one of the two and Witten's MQCD.3 As an aside, we show that in the limit of vanishing "ζ", a complex constant that appears in the Riemann surfaces relevant to defining the boundary conditions for the domain wall in MQCD, the infinite series of Ref. 4 used to represent a suitable embedding of a supersymmetric 3-cycle in a G2-mannifold, can be summed.
Identification of Imitation Cheese and Imitation Ice Cream Based on Vegetable Fat Using NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Vegetable oils and fats may be used as cheap substitutes for milk fat to manufacture imitation cheese or imitation ice cream. In this study, 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the fat fraction of the products was used in the context of food surveillance to validate the labeling of milk-based products. For sample preparation, the fat was extracted using an automated Weibull-Stoldt methodology. Using principal component analysis (PCA), imitation products can be easily detected. In both cheese and ice cream, a differentiation according to the type of raw material (milk fat and vegetable fat) was possible. The loadings plot shows that imitation products were distinguishable by differences in their fatty acid ratios. Furthermore, a differentiation of several types of cheese (Edamer, Gouda, Emmentaler, and Feta) was possible. Quantitative data regarding the composition of the investigated products can also be predicted from the same spectra using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The models obtained for 13 compounds in cheese (R 2 0.75–0.95) and 17 compounds in ice cream (R 2 0.83–0.99) (e.g., fatty acids and esters) were suitable for a screening analysis. NMR spectroscopy was judged as suitable for the routine analysis of dairy products based on milk or on vegetable fat substitutes.
Special Issue: Frontiers of Organization Science, Part 1 of 2: Prospects for Organization Theory in the Early Twenty-First Century: Institutional Fields and Mechanisms

This paper argues that research in organization theory has seen a shift in orientation from paradigm-driven work to problem-driven work since the late 1980s. A number of paradigms for the study of organizations were elaborated during the mid-1970s, including transaction cost economics, resource dependence theory, organizational ecology, new institutional theory, and agency theory in financial economics. These approaches reflected the dominant trends of the large corporations of their time: increasing concentration, diversification, and bureaucratization. However, subsequent shifts in organizational boundaries, the increased use of alliances and network forms, and the expanding role of financial markets in shaping organizational decision making all make normal science driven by the internally derived questions from these paradigms less fruitful. Instead, we argue that problem-driven work that uses mechanism-based theorizing and research that takes the field rather than the organization as the unit of analysis are the most appropriate styles of organizational research under conditions of major economic change-such as our own era. This sort of work is best exemplified by various studies under the rubric of institutional theory in the past 15 years, which are reviewed here.
Do Markets Correct Biases in Probability Judgment? Evidence from Market Experiments

In this chapter, two studies are reported which test whether simple biases in the probability judgment of individuals affect their aggregate behavior in markets. A judgment bias is a systematic error, which does not cancel out when individual judgments are aggregated. Trading in a market is one of many tasks used to study individual decision making. The natural hypothesis is that biases which have been found using other tasks will also affect individual judgment in a market setting. However, to economists the market 'task' is special: Economists think irrationality is generally erased by the forces of market discipline (or at least, market prices are not determined by the actions of irrational people). Since judgment biases are irrational, economists therefore conclude that these biases will not affect market outcomes. Their argument deserves a closer examination.
Anomalous dimensions of monopole operators in three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics

The space of local operators in three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics contains monopole operators that create n units of gauge flux emanating from the insertion point. This paper uses the state-operator correspondence to calculate the anomalous dimensions of these monopole operators perturbatively to next-to-leading order in the 1/N-f expansion, thus improving on the existing leading-order results in the literature. Here, N-f is the number of two-component complex fermion flavors. The scaling dimension of the n = 1 monopole operator is 0.265N (f) - 0.0383 + O(1/N-f) at the infrared conformal fixed point.