Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gibbs Sampling for Logistic Normal Topic Models with Graph-Based Priors

Previous work on probabilistic topic models has either focused on models with relatively simple conjugate priors that support Gibbs sampling or models with non-conjugate priors that typically require variational inference. Gibbs sampling is more accurate than variational inference and better supports the construction of composite models. We present a method for Gibbs sampling in non-conjugate logistic normal topic models, and demonstrate it on a new class of topic models with arbitrary graph-structured priors that reflect the complex relationships commonly found in document collections, while retaining simple, robust inference.
The Herschel census of infrared SEDs through cosmic time

Using Herschel data from the deepest SPIRE and PACS surveys (HerMES and PEP) in COSMOS, GOODS-S and GOODS-N, we examine the dust properties of infrared (IR)-luminous (LIR > 1010 L⊙) galaxies at 0.1 45 K) SEDs and cold (T < 25 K), cirrus-dominated SEDs are rare, with most sources being within the range occupied by warm starbursts such as M82 and cool spirals such as M51. We observe a luminosity–temperature (L-T) relation, where the average dust temperature of log [LIR/L⊙] ∼ 12.5 galaxies is about 10 K higher than that of their log [LIR/L⊙] ∼ 10.5 counterparts. However, although the increased dust heating in more luminous systems is the driving factor behind the L-T relation, the increase in dust mass and/or starburst size with luminosity plays a dominant role in shaping it. Our results show that the dust conditions in IR-luminous sources evolve with cosmic time: at high redshift, dust temperatures are on average up to 10 K lower than what is measured locally (z ≲ 0.1). This is manifested as a flattening of the L-T relation, suggesting that (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs] in the early Universe are typically characterized by a more extended dust distribution and/or higher dust masses than local equivalent sources. Interestingly, the evolution in dust temperature is luminosity dependent, with the fraction of LIRGs with T < 35 K showing a two-fold increase from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 2, whereas that of ULIRGs with T < 35 K shows a six-fold increase. Our results suggest a greater diversity in the IR-luminous population at high redshift, particularly for ULIRGs.
Biological Activities and Chemical Characterization of Cordia verbenacea DC. as Tool to Validate the Ethnobiological Usage

Knowledge of medicinal plants is often the only therapeutic resource of many communities and ethnic groups. “Erva-baleeira”, Cordia verbenacea DC. , is one of the species of plants currently exploited for the purpose of producing a phytotherapeutic product extracted from its leaves. In Brazil, its major distribution is in the region of the Atlantic Forest and similar vegetation. The crude extract is utilized in popular cultures in the form of hydroalcoholic, decoctions and infusions, mainly as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. The aim of the present study was to establish a chemical and comparative profile of the experimental antibacterial activity and resistance modifying activity with ethnopharmacological reports. Phytochemical prospecting and HPLC analysis of the extract and fractions were in agreement with the literature with regard to the presence of secondary metabolites (tannins and flavonoids). The extract and fraction tested did not show clinically relevant antibacterial activity, but a synergistic effect was observed when combined with antibiotic, potentiating the antibacterial effect of aminoglycosides. We conclude that tests of antibacterial activity and modulating the resistance presented in this work results confirm the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information, serving as a parameter in the search for new alternatives for the treatment of diseases.
Head-navigated locomotion of a snake-like robot for its autonomous obstacle avoidance

Inspired from the natural motion of snakes, a head-navigated locomotion is proposed for snake-like robots in this paper. Different from the traditional serpentine motion, the head of the snake-like robot would always maintain its direction along the forward direction of the whole robot. By utilizing this particular characteristic, the obstacles in front of the undulatory motion could be detected conveniently by a distance sensor installed on the head module. Based on the analysis of the configuration of the snake-like robot in the head-navigated locomotion, CPG-based control is introduced for the control system. Two kinds of control strategies for the realization of the automatic obstacle avoidance are proposed. Both simulation and experiment have been carried out to verify the proposed motion pattern.
Identification of Toll-Like Receptor 3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most drug-refractory cancers. The aim of this study is to discover a novel therapeutic target molecule for clear cell RCC (CCRCC), which accounts for the majority of RCC. Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles of 27 CCRCCs and 9 normal kidney tissues as well as 15 various adult normal tissues were examined by Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Among the 34 genes specifically up-regulated in CCRCC, overexpression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mRNA and its protein was validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry. The effects of TLR3 signaling on in vitro cell growth were examined. Results:TLR3 gene was highly expressed in CCRCC, with only limited expression in a panel of normal tissues. On immunohistochemical analysis using a monoclonal antibody against TLR3, overexpression of TLR3 was observed in 139 of 189 (73.5%) cases of CCRCC as well as in lung metastatic CCRCC (6 of 8), whereas TLR3 expression was entirely absent in chromophobe RCC (0 of 8). Polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid, a TLR3 ligand, exerted a growth-inhibitory effect against RCC cells in a TLR3-dependent manner. Moreover, a combination of polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid and IFNα exerted a synergistic growth-inhibitory effect against Caki-1 RCC cells. Conclusions: This is the first report that TLR3 is overexpressed in CCRCC. These observations suggest that TLR3 pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target in CCRCC.
Detecting AAA Vulnerabilities by Mining Execution Profiles

Security vulnerabilities are often due to latent software defects, which can be exploited by a malicious attacker. For example, a buffer overflow vulnerability can derive from a program’s failure to check the size of its input. Security vulnerabilities are often present in complex software after deployment, and these defects must be identified early so as to minimize the damages that attackers can inflict. Meanwhile, Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) services, such as Kerberos, Pubcookie, and Shibboleth, address the growing security demands for network access control. Distributed applications rely on AAA platforms to protect users and other stakeholders. However, AAA middleware potentially contains latent defects, which in turn can cause security holes. If such a vulnerability is exploited, the attacker can compromise any application that relies on the AAA services. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and correct latent AAA defects. We are pursuing an integrated methodology for the identification of defects in AAA platforms. Our approach is based on execution capture, replay, profiling, and on mining the resulting execution profiles. We have used (or plan to use) a suite of complementary execution profiling techniques to reveal program or user behavior associated with exploits. Such techniques include code coverage profiling, object state profiling, information flow analysis, event sequence profiling, and temporal profiling. Our array of profiling techniques is more comprehensive and has a finer granularity than those used in other security platforms, such as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and firewalls. In particular, we monitor the source code, the back-end database, and various event sequences. We have used statistical methods borrowed from multivariate visualization, such as correspondence analysis and multidimensional scaling.
Cerebellar cryptococcosis characterized by a space-occupying lesion in an immunocompetent non-HIV patient

Central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that typically occurs in patients with reduced immunological function, such as patients with AIDS, patients receiving organ transplants, or patients receiving corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. CNS cryptococcosis rarely occurs in immunocompetent patients. CNS cryptococcosis is characterized by meningitis and encephalitis and occasionally forms isolated granulomas. Isolated cerebellar cryptococcoma is a rare condition, especially in immunocompetent patients, and the misdiagnosis rate is high. A definite diagnosis must be based on pathology. To raise awareness of this disease, the clinical data of a patient with cryptococcomas in the right side of the cerebellum are reported.
Acute and long-term treatment of mania

The treatment of mania starts with a correct diagnosis and elementary measures to prevent risks for the patient, relatives, and others. Sometimes, compulsory admission and treatment may be required for a few days. Patients with psychotic or mixed mania may be more difficult to treat. At the present time, there is solid evidence supporting the use of lithium, the anticonvulsants valproate and carbamazepine, and the antipsychotics chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, and asenapine in acute mania, and some evidence supporting the use of clozapine or electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-refractory cases. However, in clinical practice, combination therapy is the rule rather than the exception. The treatment of acute mania deserves a long-term view, and the evidence base for some treatments may be stronger than for others. When taking decisions about treatment, tolerabiliiy should also be a major concern, as differences in safety and tolerability may exceed differences in efficacy for most compounds, Psychoeducation of patients and caregivers is a povi/erful tool that should be used in combination with medication for optimal long-term outcome. Functional recovery should be the ultimate goal.
Link Prediction for Partially Observed Networks

ABSTRACT Link prediction is one of the fundamental problems in network analysis. In many applications, notably in genetics, a partially observed network may not contain any negative examples, that is, edges known for certain to be absent, which creates a difficulty for existing supervised learning approaches. We develop a new method that treats the observed network as a sample of the true network with different sampling rates for positive (true edges) and negative (absent edges) examples. We obtain a relative ranking of potential links by their probabilities, using information on network topology as well as node covariates if available. The method relies on the intuitive assumption that if two pairs of nodes are similar, the probabilities of these pairs forming an edge are also similar. Empirically, the method performs well under many settings, including when the observed network is sparse. We apply the method to a protein–protein interaction network and a school friendship network.
Interleave-Division Multiple-Access Based Broadband Wireless Networks

This paper studies the interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA) based broadband wireless network and its MAC protocol for supporting high data rates. The performance is evaluated by evolution and simulation. It is demonstrated that the IDMA technology can efficiently mitigate the interference among users and support high data rates without compromising the required quality of service. The results also demonstrate that multi-user gain can be achieved in IDMA systems where each user has a rate constraint. This means that given the same sum-rate, the more number of users in a system is, the less average transmitted power per user is required
Mobilizing Social Resources: Race, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Social Capital and Persisting Wage Inequalities

Drawing on a social capital theoretical framework, I examine race, ethnic, and gender wage inequalities. Specifically, I extend past research by analyzing differences in the mobilization of different types of job contacts, what these types of contacts and their level of influence “buy” job seekers in the labor market, and the extent to which differences in social resources explain between-group variations in wages. Four aspects of job contacts are implicated: the race and gender of the job contact, the strength of the relationship between the job seeker and the job contact, and the job contact's influence. Employing the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, I find that white men are more likely to mobilize weak, white, male, and influential contacts, those contacts hypothesized to positively impact employment outcomes. Moreover, their greater mobilization of male and influential ties helps to explain a substantial part of their wage advantage over white women and Lations. However, in many ways, their overall social resource advantage seems somewhat overstated. They reap no advantages over blacks, Latinos, and white women in their use of weak and white ties. Furthermore, results indicate that the benefits of social resources appear largely contingent on the social structural location of job seekers mobilizing them, less on any benefits inherent in different “types” of job contacts.
Indirect Bullying and Conflict Management Skills in Childhood and Adolescence

iv DEDICATION . vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . vii LIST OF TABLES . xii Chapter I: Introduction . 1 Significance . 2 Theoretical Basis . 5 Relevant Literature . 8 Statement of the Problem . 11 The Current Study . 13 Research Question One . 13 Hypothesis One. 14 Research Question Two . 14 Hypothesis Two . 14 Research Question Three . 14 Hypothesis Three . 15 Summary . 15 Chapter II: Literature Review . 16 Definition of Bullying . 17 Characteristics of Bullying Perpetrators . 18 Characteristics of Victims . 19 Other Actors . 20 Effects of Bullying. 21 Types of Bullying Behaviors. 22 Direct Bullying . 23 Indirect Bullying . 24 Clarifying Forms of Aggression . 27 Implications of Relational and Social Aggression . 28 Developmental Progression of Bullying . 29
Cross Sectional Associations between Socio-Demographic Factors and Cognitive Performance in an Older British Population: The European Investigation of Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Study

Background Cognition covers a range of abilities, such as memory, response time and language, with tests assessing either specific or generic aspects. However differences between measures may be observed within the same individuals. Objective To investigate the cross-sectional association of cognitive performance and socio-demographic factors using different assessment tools across a range of abilities in a British cohort study. Methods Participants of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC) in Norfolk Study, aged 48–92 years, underwent a cognitive assessment between 2006 and 2011 (piloted between 2004 and 2006) and were investigated over a different domains using a range of cognitive tests. Results Cognitive measures were available on 8584 men and women. Though age, sex, education and social class were all independently associated with cognitive performance in multivariable analysis, different associations were observed for different cognitive tests. Increasing age was associated with increased risk of a poor performance score in all of the tests, except for the National Adult Reading Test (NART), an assessment of crystallized intelligence. Compared to women, men were more likely to have had poor performance for verbal episodic memory, Odds Ratio, OR = 1.99 (95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI 1.72, 2.31), attention OR = 1.62, (95% CI 1.39, 1.88) and prospective memory OR = 1.46, (95% CI 1.29, 1.64); however, no sex difference was observed for global cognition, OR = 1.07 (95%CI 0.93, 1.24). The association with education was strongest for NART, and weakest for processing speed. Conclusion Age, sex, education and social class were all independently associated with performance on cognitive tests assessing a range of different domains. However, the magnitude of associations of these factors with different cognitive tests differed. The varying relationships seen across different tests may help explain discrepancies in results reported in the current literature, and provides insights into influences on cognitive performance in later life.
Obesity and Breast Cancer: The Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Breast cancer is the most prominent cancer among females in the United States. There are a number of risk factors associated with development of breast cancer, including consumption of a high-fat diet and obesity. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a cytokine upregulated in obesity whose expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. As a key mediator of adipogenesis and regulator of adipokine production, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is involved in PAI-1 expression from adipose tissue. We summarize the current knowledge linking PPAR-γ and PAI-1 expression to high-fat diet and obesity in the risk of breast cancer.
TRANSFERENCE OF BILINEAR MULTIPLIER OPERATORS ON LORENTZ SPACES.

Let m(ξ, η) be a bounded continuous function in IR × IR, 0 < pi, qi < 1 for i = 1,2 and 0 < p3, q3 � 1 where 1/p1+1/p2 = 1/p3. It is shown that Cm(f, g)(x) = Z
Variation of Medicinal Components in a Unique Geographical Accession of Horny Goat Weed Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (Berberidaceae)

Herbal Epimedium species have been widely in Traditional Chinese Medicine for sexual enhancement, immunity improvement, anticancer and anti-aging treatment, with flavonoids and polysaccharides being the major active components. However, exhaustive depletion of wild sources warrants germplasm evaluation and quality resource exploration. A preliminarily analysis had previously indicated that a specific local geographic accession of Epimedium sagittatum found in Luotian (LT) county of Hubei Province (China) had a much higher content of total flavonoids and polysaccharides. In this study, we further investigated the medicinal component variation in the LT type under different light intensities and in different regions by the common-garden experiment. The results indicated a light intensity range of 40–160 μmol/m2/s was the most suitable for the synthesis and accumulation of total flavonoids, while polysaccharide accumulation was negatively correlated with the light intensity. Icariin was the component displaying the highest content among flavonoids, and the content of major flavonoid bioactive components was relatively stable in the third year after cultivation. There was significant correlation between the major flavonol glycoside constituents and the geographic location, and Central China followed by Northern China were the highly suitable regions for cultivation of LT type E. sagittatum. The results revealed that there was a functional balance between flavonoids and polysaccharides at different developmental stages, and the best harvesting stage should consider the primary contents of interest. This study provides important information on the exploration of quality resources, further breeding approaches and cultivation practices of E. sagittatum, and thus the important insights to enhance our understanding of quality control of traditional medicinal plants.
Qualia that It Is Right to Quine *

Dennett (1988) provides a much discussed argument for the nonexistence of qualia, as conceived by philosophers like Block, Chalmers, Loar and Searle. My goal in this paper is to vindicate Dennett's argument, construed in a certain way. The argument supports the claim that qualia are constitutively representational. Against Block and Chalmers, the argument rejects the detachment of phenomenal from information-processing con sciousness; and against Loar and Searle, it defends the claim that qualia are constitu tively representational in an externalist understanding of this. The core of the argument is contained in section 3. In the first part, I contrast a minimal conception of qualia, relative to which their existence is not under dispute, with the sort of view to which I will object. In the second part I set the stage by presenting the facts about (minimal) qualia on which a Dennett-like argument can be based.
Comparing the Visual Analogue Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Oral Clefts

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), in measuring overall health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in children with oral clefts relative to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQLTM) Generic Core Scales, one of the most validated and commonly used methods to measure pediatric HRQoL. Methods: The study included a population-based sample of 307 children aged 5 to 10 years who were born in Iowa, New York, and Arkansas with non-syndromic oral clefts. Data on HRQoL were obtained using a VAS and PedsQLTM via self-administered interviews with the parents. We evaluated the correlations between the VAS and PedsQLTM total scores, and the correlations of each of these two scales with a series of child health and wellbeing indicators. Results: The VAS and PedsQLTM scores were well-correlated (r = 0.67). There were no prominent differences between the correlations of VAS and PedsQLTM with the selected indicators of child health and wellbeing; differences in correlations were less than 0.1. Differences in HRQoL by cleft type were more pronounced on the PedsQLTM. Conclusions: Our study finds the VAS to perform relatively well in measuring overall HRQoL among children with oral clefts. The VAS may be useful as a screening tool to identify children with oral clefts at risk of low HRQoL for referral into more comprehensive evaluations and for measuring average HRQoL across a sample of children.
Self-Interest Through Agency: An Alternative Rationale for the Principal-Agent Relationship

Principal-agent relationships are typically motivated by efficiency gains from comparative advantage. However, such delegation may also arise because it allows principals the pursuit of selfish outcomes while avoiding explicitly selfish behavior. We report laboratory experiments in which principals repeatedly either decide how much money to share with a recipient or select agents to make sharing decisions on their behalf. Across several treatments, recipients receive significantly less when agents make allocation decisions. This results from principals seeking those agents willing to reliably share the least. We observe instances in which sharing is almost entirely extinguished when decisions are made through agents.