Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘A lad tried to get hold of my boobs, so I kicked him’: an examination of attempts by adults with learning difficulties to initiate their own safeguarding

People with learning difficulties are considerably more likely to experience sexual and other forms of violence than non-disabled people. Nevertheless, several respondents in this study have demonstrated some self-protective competencies. Most knew of their right not to be violated and a number of participants described situations when they had attempted to initiate their own safeguarding. Some had asked others for help with this. However, appropriate assistance was not always provided. This indicates that risk may be aggravated by social barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting the resistance skills that are prevalent amongst some people with learning difficulties. It concludes with suggestions on ways in which individuals may be further supported to realise their potential to play a more active role in directing and regaining their own protection.
Evaluation of Different Wastewater Treatment Processes and Development of a Modified Attached Growth Bioreactor as a Decentralized Approach for Small Communities

This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential future use of three biological processes in order to designate the most desired solution for on-site treatment of wastewater from residential complexes, that is, conventional activated sludge process (CASP), moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6, 3, and 2 h can be achieved in CASP, MBBR, and PBBR, respectively. The PBBR dealt with a particular arrangement to prevent the restriction of oxygen transfer efficiency into the thick biofilms. The laboratory scale result revealed that the overall reduction of 87% COD, 92% BOD5, 82% TSS, 79% NH3-N, 43% PO4-P, 95% MPN, and 97% TVC at a HRT of 2 h was achieved in PBBR. The microflora present in the system was also estimated through the isolation, identification, and immobilization of the microorganisms with an index of COD elimination. The number of bacterial species examined on the nutrient agar medium was 22 and five bacterial species were documented to degrade the organic pollutants by reducing COD by more than 43%. This study illustrated that the present PBBR with a specific modified internal arrangement could be an ideal practice for promoting sustainable decentralization and therefore providing a low wastage sludge biomass concentration.
New to facilitating self-directed learning: the changing perceptions of teachers

This paper reports on a study examining the attitudes and perceptions of a group of in-service teachers who are new or relatively new to facilitating self-directed learning (SDL) before and after they taught a course with an integrated SDL component. The study also investigates the impact on those teachers' attitudes of an orientation package designed to familiarise teachers with the concept of SDL and support them in promoting it to students of the course. The study took place in a university setting with teachers of English for Academic Purposes course with an integrated SDL component.
Contemporary or Specific: The Dichotomous Desires in the Art of Early Twenty-First Century Iran

This article analyzes the dominant dichotomy in cultural and artistic ideas which Iranian artists—like many non-Euro-American artists—have been forced to confront. These include the idea of 'contemporaneity': being imbued with the 'spirit of the time', particularly dominant in the minds of the so-called 'Third Generation'; 1 and 'specificity', an underlying precept of compelling force. The first involves the idea that 'postmodernist' imagery is one of fragmentation and hybridization—the scattering of traditions and the recombination of their diverse elements (see Campbell 1999: 5). The second refers to the ever-present obsession with cultural and frequently social concerns with which Iranian artists are engaged, both within the country and across the diaspora. Contemporary debate on Iranian art reveals deep-rooted anxieties about national and cultural identity. It raises the important question: Is it possible to open up an art practice and discourse that is both contemporary and global, but also indigenous and specific? While this work reflects my own observations, it also relies heavily on the analysis offered in interviews with artists, philosophers, critics, curators and some former administrators in artistic affairs. It finally focuses on four artists through a study of their works and ideas about the aforementioned issues.
What Did the WHO Studies Really Find?

The article by Cohen et al.1 raises important issues and provides a useful synopsis of published studies on schizophrenia outcomes in 11 low- and middle-income countries. The authors use this material to challenge what they claim to be an “axiom” (ie, a self-evident proposition requiring no proof) of better course and outcome in developing countries which has been “embraced” by international psychiatry. They impute the origin of this belief primarily to World Health Organization (WHO)–led international collaborative research conducted over the past 30 years2–5 and caution that the publication of the final report from the International Study of Schizophrenia (ISoS)6 might even further bolster convictions in the “better prognosis” hypothesis. Based on evidence from research conducted outside the WHO studies, they conduct a reexamination of the axiom.
Equivalent Circuits for Gap- and Coax-Excited Circular Posts in Rectangular Waveguide

Equivalent circuits are presented for gap- and coax-excited circular posts in rectangular waveguide. These equivalent circuits, which are derived from previously published analytical results that have been shown to accurately predict the gap (or coax) input admittance without the need for empirical factors, have a common form, many common terms relating to the post and its position, and specific terms related to the gap (or coax) excitation. Numerical and other aspects are also briefly discussed.
Annotation pattern of ESTs from Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells and analysis of the ribosomal protein genes reveal insect-specific features and unexpectedly low codon usage bias

MOTIVATION A whole set of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from the Sf9 cell line of Spodoptera frugiperda is presented here for the first time. By this way we want to identify both conserved and specific genes of this pest species. We also expect from this analysis to find a class of protein sequences providing a tool to explore genomic features and phylogeny of Lepidoptera. RESULTS The ESTs display both housekeeping as well as developmentally regulated genes, and a high percentage of sequences with unknown function. Among the identified ORFs, almost all ribosomal proteins (RPs) were found with high EST redundancy and hence sequence accuracy. The codon usage found among RP genes is in average surprisingly much less biased in Lepidoptera than in other organisms. Other Spodoptera genes also displayed a low bias, suggesting a general genome expression feature in this Lepidoptera. We also found that the L35A and L36 RP sequences, respectively, display 40 and 10 amino-acid insertions, both being present only in insects. Sequence analysis suggests that they are probably not subjected to a strong selective pressure and may be good phylogenetic markers for Lepidoptera. Most interestingly, the Lepidoptera sequences of 9 RP genes displayed a specific signature different from the canonical one. We conclude that the RP family allows valuable comparative genomics and phylogeny of Lepidoptera. AVAILABILITY All EST sequence data are available from the private 'Spodo-Base' upon request.
Exploring the Firewall Security Consistency in Cloud Computing during Live Migration

Virtualization technology adds great opportunities and challenges to the cloud computing paradigm. Resource management can be efficiently enhanced by employing Live Virtual Machine Migration (LVMM) techniques. Based on the literature of LVMM implementation in the virtualization environment, middle-boxes such as firewalls do not work effectively after LVMM as it introduces dynamic changes in network status and traffic, which may lead to critical security vulnerabilities. One key security hole is that the security context of the firewall do not move with the Virtual Machine after LVMM is triggered. This leads to inconsistency in the firewall level of protection of the migrated Virtual Machine. There is a lack in the literature of practical studies that address this problem in cloud computing platform. This paper demonstrates a practical analysis using OpenStack testbed to study the firewalls limitations in protecting virtual machines after LVMM. Two network scenarios are used to evaluate this problem. The results show that the security context problem does not exist in the stateless firewall but can exist in the stateful firewall.
Ethanol‐induced alterations of the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney

We report here the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney. Thirty‐two male Wistar rats were randomly divided in two identical groups and were treated as follows: control group (water for fluid) and the ethanol‐fed group (2 g/kg body weight/24 h). The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks, and respectively 30 weeks of ethanol consumption, and the renal tissue was isolated and analyzed. Results revealed that kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activities increased significantly after ethanol administration, but the electrophoretic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase isoforms was unmodified. The SDS polyacrylamidegel electrophoretic study of kidney proteins has revealed the appearance of two new protein bands after long‐term ethanol consumption. The kidney reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased, indicating an oxidative stress response due to ethanol ingestion. The malondialdehyde contents and xanthine oxidase activities were unchanged. The antioxidant enzymatic defense system showed a different response during the two periods of ethanol administration. After 10 weeks, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase were activated, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, and γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase levels were stationary. After 30 weeks, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were unmodified, but catalase, glutathione transferase, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased. Remarkable changes have been registered after 30 weeks of ethanol administration for glutathione reductase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activities, including an increase by 106 and 216' of control values, respectively. These results showed specific changes in rat kidney antioxidant system and glutathione status as a consequence of long‐term ethanol administration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:386‐395, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20101
UNDERSTANDING CRIME DISPLACEMENT: AN APPLICATION OF RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY

It has been claimed that the rational choice perspective, which sees criminal behavior as the outcome of decisions and choices made by the offender, can provide a useful framework for analyzing crime control policies. By developing the concept of “choice-structuring properties,” which refers to the constellation of opportunities, costs, and benefits attaching to particular kinds of crime, this paper attempts to develop rational choice theory in order to improve analysis of crime displacement—a concept frequently invoked by the critics of opportunity-reducing measures of crime prevention.
E-cadherin as a prognostic indicator in primary breast cancer

Epithelial cadherin (E-CD) is a member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules and has been implicated as an invasion suppressor molecule in vitro and in vivo. We analysed 174 breast tumours from the Nottingham/Tenovus Breast Cancer Series immunohistochemically for E-CD expression using the mouse monoclonal antibody HECD-1 (Zymed Laboratories Inc.). In normal epithelial cells E-CD was strongly expressed at cell–cell boundaries. 66% of the breast cancers examined had reduced intensity of E-CD expression with 74% having significant reductions in the proportion of E-CD-positive tumour cells. Using a combined intensity/proportion score, significant associations were found between E-CD expression and tumour type (P ≤ 0.001). ER status (P = 0.026) and histological grade (P = 0.031). Expression of E-CD was not found to be related to recurrence, distant metastases, lymph node stage, vascular invasion, primary tumour size, prognostic group or survival. Thus E-CD expression in human breast cancer appears to have minimal prognostic value, but may have a role as a phenotypic marker. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Renal Parenchymal Area and Kidney Collagen Content

The extent of renal scarring in chronic kidney disease (CKD) can only be ascertained by highly invasive, painful and sometimes risky tissue biopsy. Interestingly, CKD-related abnormalities in kidney size can often be visualized using ultrasound. Nevertheless, not only does the ellipsoid formula used today underestimate true renal size but also the relation governing renal size and collagen content remains unclear. We used coronal kidney sections from healthy mice and mice with renal disease to develop a new technique for estimating the renal parenchymal area. While treating the kidney as an ellipse with the major axis the polar distance, this technique involves extending the minor axis into the renal pelvis. The calculated renal parenchymal area is remarkably similar to the measured area. Biochemically determined kidney collagen content revealed a strong and positive correlation with the calculated renal parenchymal area. The extent of renal scarring, i.e. kidney collagen content, can now be computed by making just two renal axial measurements which can easily be accomplished via noninvasive imaging of this organ.
The effects of workplace bullying on physicians and nurses

Objective This cross‐sectional and descriptive study assessed workplace bullying and its effects on work performance and depression status of physicians and nurses in a university hospital, Turkey. Methods The study sample consisted of 201 physicians and 309 nurses. The variables are demographical characteristics of the participants, their perception of bullying, workload, the impact of bullying on work performance and their depression status. Results A large percentage of physicians (74%) and nurses (82%) reported having experienced bullying in the workplace. No significant differences were found between the physicians and nurses in terms of experienced workplace bullying. However, there was an association between performance, depression and experienced violent behaviours. Conclusion In order to solve the problem caused by workplace bullying, the rate of awareness amongst healthcare professionals needs to be raised. The researchers believe that unless organisations realise bullying’s harmful effects on the employees and work performance, it is not easy to overcome the problem. Therefore, workplace bullying should be dealt with not only at an individual level, but also at organisational levels.
Party Leaders as Movers and Shakers in British Campaigns? Results from the 2010 Election

Abstract There is an increasing recognition of the importance of party leaders in British elections. The 2010 election only served to reinforce their perceived importance with the introduction of three leaders’ debates. Thus, more than ever, an understanding of contemporary elections necessitates an understanding of the dimensions of leadership that matter most to voters. This contribution examines the influence of perceptions of the three major party leaders as responsive, trustworthy, and knowledgeable. It also examines how the debates and other events unfolding during the campaign served to structure these perceptions. There is evidence that voters’ evaluations of party leaders can vary substantially over the course of the campaign and traits such as responsiveness weigh heavily in voters’ assessments. There is also convincing evidence of media effects, suggesting that voters are receptive to events unfolding during the campaign.
Nice to Know You? Testing Contact, Cultural, and Group Threat Theories of Anti-Black and Anti-Hispanic Stereotypes

Many racial/ethnic policies in the United States-from desegregation to affirmative action policies-presume that contact improves racial/ethnic relations. Most research, however, tests related theories in isolation from one another and focuses on black-white contact. This article tests contact, cultural, and group threat theories to learn how contact in different interactive settings affects whites' stereotypes of blacks and Hispanics, now the largest minority group in the country. Copyright (c) 2004 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
The human figure drawings of normal children and those with severe learning difficulties

Two age groups of normal children (4-year-olds and 9-year-olds) were asked to draw a man, draw the arms on a series of incomplete figures, and copy lines in four different orientations. A group of children with severe learning difficulties (SLD) who had a chronological age of 9 years 2 months but a mental age of 3 years 9 months was also tested. The responses of the SLD children resembled those of the younger normal subjects, suggesting that their responses reflect a developmental delay rather than a disorder of the complex skills involved in drawing.
Social Causes of Psychological Distress

A core interest of social science is the study of stratification--inequalities in income, power, and prestige. Few persons would care about such inequalities if the poor, powerless, and despised were as happy and fulfilled as the wealthy, powerful, and admired. Social research often springs from humanistic empathy and concern as much as from scholarly and scientific curiosity. An economist might observe that black Americans are disproportionately poor, and investigate racial differences in education, employment, and occupation that account for disproportionate poverty. A table comparing additional income blacks and whites can expect for each additional year of education is thus as interesting in its own right as any dinosaur bone or photo of Saturn. However, something more than curiosity underscores our interest in the table. Racial differences in status and income are a problem in the human sense. Inequality in misery makes social and economic inequality personally meaningful. There are two ways social scientists avoid advocacy in addressing issues of social stratification. The first way is to resist projecting personal beliefs, values, and responses as much as possible, while recognizing that the attempt is never fully successful. The second way is by giving the values of the subjects an expression in the research design. Typically, this takes the form of opinion or attitude surveys. Researchers ask respondents to rate the seriousness of crimes, the appropriateness of a punishment for a crime, the prestige of occupations, the fair pay for a job, or the largest amount of money a family can earn and not be poor, and so on. The aggregate judgments, and variations in judgments, represent the values of the subjects and not those of the researcher. They are objective facts with causes and consequences of interest in their own right. This work is an effort to move methodology closer to human concerns without sacrificing the scientific grounds of research as such. The authors succeed admirably in this complex and yet worthwhile task. This is a work that could be helpful to those in all branches of the social sciences that take up issues relating to inequality and the uneven distribution of the social goods of a nation.
Effects of Mastery and Performance Goals on the Composition Strategy Use of Adult EFL Writers

<p> This study examines the combined effects of contrasting mastery and performance goals on the use of composition strategies by adult writers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Thirty-eight Taiwanese English-major college seniors of homogeneous writing proficiency consented to participate in the study. Based on responses on a goal scale, 19 participants were assigned to the high-mastery-low-performance (HMLP) group, and 19 were assigned to the low-mastery-high-performance (LMHP) group. Participants in the HMLP group were diagnosed as having stronger mastery but weaker performance goal orientations, whereas those in the LMHP group demonstrated the opposite tendency. Evidence from think-aloud protocols indicated that (a) participants used 20 distinctive strategies classified into five categories; (b) the HMLP group used monitoring/evaluating, revising, and compensating strategies significantly more often than the LMHP group; and (c) the frequency of revising strategies and mastery orientations served as two significant positive predictors for better writing outcomes. </p> <p>Cette étude examine les effets combinés de la comparaison entre les objectifs de maîtrise et les objectifs de performance sur l'emploi des stratégies de rédaction d'apprenants d'anglais langue étrangère au niveau universitaire. Trente-huit étudiants taïwanais se spécialisant en anglais, de niveau licence et de compétence linguistique homogène, ont consenti à participer à cette étude. En fonction de leurs réponses sur une échelle d'objectifs, 19 des participant(e)s ont été assigné(e)s au groupe maîtrise élevée - performance faible (MEPF), et les 19 autres participant(e)s ont été assigné(e)s au groupe maîtrise faible - performance élevée (MFPE). Les participant(e)s du groupe MEPF ont été identifiés comme ayant une maîtrise supérieure, mais des objectifs de performance plus faibles, tandis que les participant(e)s du groupe MFPE ont démontré la tendance inverse. Les témoignages recueillis auprès des participant(e)s dans des réflexions à voix haute indiquent que : (a) les participant(e)s ont utilisé 20 stratégies distinctes, qui peuvent être classées en cinq catégories, (b) le groupe MEPF a utilisé des stratégies de vérification/ évaluation, ainsi que de révision et de compensation avec une fréquence nettement supérieure à celle du groupe MFPE et (c) la fréquence d'emploi des stratégies de révision et les objectifs de maîtrise ont tous les deux servi d'indices positifs significatifs de meilleurs résultats à l'écrit. </p>
Polymerase chain reaction to detect cytomegalovirus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with congenital infection.

To determine if cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants with congenital infection with CMV, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done on CSF samples from 13 infants (10 with confirmed, 1 with possible, and 2 with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection) and on CSF samples from 100 control patients with alternative diagnoses. By use of two sets of primers that targeted different areas of the CMV genome, CMV DNA was amplified in the CSF of 6 of 10 symptomatic infants, 0 of 3 infants with asymptomatic CMV infection or possible congenital CMV disease, and 2 control patients (one primer set only). A positive CSF PCR result at birth correlated with a poor neurodevelopmental outcome (P = .048; two-tailed Fisher's exact test).