Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Correlates of Locomotor Recovery Following Dorsal and Ventral Lesions of the Rat Spinal Cord

The present study was designed to relate functional locomotor outcome to the anatomical extent and localization of lesions in the rat spinal cord. We performed dorsal and ventral lesions of different severity in 36 adult rats. Lesion depth, spared total white matter, and spared ventrolateral funiculus were compared to the locomotor outcome, assessed by the BBB open-field locomotor score and the grid walk test. The results showed that the preservation of a small number of fibers in the ventral or lateral funiculus was related to stepping abilities and overground locomotion, whereas comparable tissue preservation in the dorsal funiculus resulted in complete paraplegia. The strongest relation to locomotor function was between the BBB score and the lesion depth as well as the BBB score and the spared white matter tissue in the region of the reticulospinal tract. Locomotion on the grid walk required sparing in the ventrolateral funiculus and additional sparing of the dorsolateral and dorsal funiculus, where the cortico- and rubrospinal tracts are located.
OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES OF A MACROGLOBULIN DIMER IN SOME HYPERGLOBULINEMIC SERA

A 22S human γM-globulin component has been subjected to various study. It appears to be a dimer of 19S proteins and can undergo reversible molecular transitions which are both pH and temperature dependent. The 22S material regenerated from its 8S subunits no longer undergo similar transformations. Efforts to demonstrate that the 22S material was an antigen-antibody complex of 19S molecules were unsuccessful. Complex precipitin reactions in gels are given by macroglobulins containing this component with antibody to L chains.
A comparison of methods for determining urea distribution volume for routine use in on-line monitoring of haemodialysis adequacy.

BACKGROUND The availability of haemodialysis machines equipped with on-line clearance monitoring (OCM) allows frequent assessment of dialysis efficiency and adequacy without the need for blood samples. Accurate estimation of the urea distribution volume 'V' is required for Kt/V calculated from OCM to be consistent with conventional blood sample-based methods. METHODS Ten stable HD patients were monitored monthly for 6 months. Time-averaged OCM clearance (K(OCM)) and pre- and post-dialysis blood samples were collected at each monitored session. The second generation Daugirdas formula was used to calculate the single-pool variable volume Kt/V, (Kt/V)(D). Values of V to allow comparison between OCM and blood-based Kt/V were determined from Watson's formula (V(Watson)), bioimpedance spectroscopy (V(BIS)), classical urea kinetic modelling (V(UKM_C)) and a simple computation of V (V(UKM_S)) from the blood-based Kt/V and K(OCM)t. RESULTS Comparison of K(OCM)t/V with (Kt/V)(D) shows that using V(Watson) leads to significant systematic underestimation of dialysis dose. K(OCM)t/V(BIS) agrees with (Kt/V)(D) to within +/- 10%. K(OCM)t/V(UKM_S) is, by definition, identical to (Kt/V)(D) when initially calculated. However, if a historical value of V is used, agreement between K(OCM)t/V and (Kt/V)(D) over 6 months varies by 5% for V(BIS) and 10% for V(UKM_S). CONCLUSIONS When investigating the effect of different treatment strategies on dialysis efficiency, any estimate of V can be used provided it is constant, as K is the relevant parameter. When frequent supervision of actual dialysis dose is required, the greatest consistency between K(OCM)t/V and the reference, Kt/V(D), over time is achieved with V(BIS).
Work based support, emotional exhaustion, and spillover of work stress to the family environment: A study of policewomen

This study aimed to test a path model in which work stress affects policewomen's functioning in their family environment through a component of burnout, emotional exhaustion. Work role stressors assessed were role ambiguity and role overload. Work based support from supervisors, but not colleagues, was predicted to reduce role stressors and emotional exhaustion, and improve perceptions of family functioning (cohesion and conflict). Data was collected via a mail out survey to all (1081) policewomen in an Australian state police service. Useable surveys were returned by 421 policewomen. Path analysis using LISREL 8.5 indicated a good fit to the model. Supervisor, but not coworker support reduced role stressors, which had a significant path to family cohesion and conflict, through emotional exhaustion. The findings suggest that a fruitful avenue of exploration of stress transmission to the family would be an examination of behaviours linked to emotional exhaustion. Additionally, interventions designed to reduce stress in policewomen should include supervisor training in social support. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY)-Spanish Version: Reliability and Equivalence to the English Version

The present study, using bilingual (English-Spanish) college freshmen as participants, evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Personality Inventoryfor Youth (PIY) that was translated into Spanish. The scales and subscales of the PIY-Spanish Version demonstrated internal consistency and temporal stability estimates comparable to their English counterparts established in both the present sample of college freshmen and in the PIY normative sample of students attending regular education classes ranging from 9 to 18 years of age. Multivariate analysis did not identify a language effect within the four study samples (English-English, Spanish-Spanish, English-Spanish, Spanish-English) for either profile scales or subscales, and the substantial correlations between English and Spanish versions obtainedfrom the same bilingual students approached and occasionally exceeded the limits established for temporal reliability in both English and Spanish translations.
We Knew That’s It: Retelling the Turning Point of a Narrative

A paradigmatic means of conveying a turningpoint in a narrativeof danger is the line ‘we knew that’s it’ (Labov, 1972). In four tellings of a single narrative about danger during the Holocaust, anarrator varies this line in ways that maintain its collective focus on knowledge, but alter what is ‘known’. An analysis of changes in the ‘we knew [x]’ line reveals its relationship with the changingstructure of the narrative and with the shift toward multi-vocalic means ofexternal evaluation. Also suggested is the relationship of the overall narrative changes to the changing place of Holocaust discourse, narrative and oral history in memory culture, and the larger discourse of resistance and survival.
Inhalation Anesthetics Induce Apoptosis in Normal Peripheral Lymphocytes In Vitro

Background The authors hypothesized that perioperative lymphocytopenia is partially caused by apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by inhalation anesthetics. Therefore, they evaluated whether sevoflurane and isoflurane induce apoptosis of normal peripheral lymphocytes. Methods Normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to sevoflurane and isoflurane, and the percentages of apoptotic lymphocytes was measured by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate–7-amino actinomycin D flow cytometry after 24 h of exposure (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) and after 6, 12, and 24 h of exposure (1.5 mm). The percentages of lymphocytes with caspase 3–like activity were also measured after 24 h of exposure (1.5 mm). Results The percentages of apoptotic lymhocytes were increased in a dose-dependent manner (controls: 5.1 ± 1.4%; sevo-flurane: 7.3 ± 1.3% [0.5 mm], 9.1 ± 1.5% [1.0 mm], 12.6 ± 2.1% [1.5 mm]; isoflurane: 7.5 ± 1.6% [0.5 mm], 10.5 ± 1.5% [1.0 mm], 16.3 ± 2.7% [1.5 mm]) after 24 h of exposure and in a time-dependent manner (controls: 1.2 ± 0.4% [6 h], 3.4 ± 0.7% [12 h], 5.6 ± 1.2% [24 h]; sevoflurane: 1.8 ± 0.4% [6 h], 6.4 ± 1.2% [12 h], 11.3 ± 2.2% [24 h]; isoflurane: 2.6 ± 0.5% [6 h], 8.8 ± 1.5% [12 h],16.0 ± 1.9% [24 h]) at the concentration of 1.5 mm. The percentages of lymphocytes with caspase 3–like activity were increased (controls: 10.0 ± 1.1%; sevoflurane: 13.8 ± 1.2%; isoflurane: 17.0 ± 1.3%). Conclusions Both sevoflurane and isoflurane induced apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners in vitro.
Japanese society: Inside out and outside in

This article provides a broad overview of the changing models of Japanese society in postwar years, focusing on how the social science paradigm and popular representations of Japan have shifted with the transformation of the nation’s mega-social structures. The analysis identifies three major periods and concentrates on the dramatic switch of academic orientation from the monocultural to the multicultural model. The discussion also shows how the dominant popular images of Japan around the world have changed from work culture to pop culture, coinciding with the shift in the nation’s socioeconomic structure from industrial to cultural capitalism. Finally, the article demonstrates the ways in which Japan’s social scientists are located on the periphery of the world system of social science knowledge and the dilemmas they face in their attempts to produce multicultural social sciences.
Clinicopathological factors predicting outcome after resection of mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

The prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma differs according to macroscopic type. The identification of clinical and pathological features that predict outcome in patients with mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is required in order to determine optimal surgical strategies for patients with this type of tumour.
MUC1 Contributes to BPDE-Induced Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Transformation through Facilitating EGFR Activation

Although it is well known that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in lung cancer progression, whether EGFR contributes to lung epithelial cell transformation is less clear. Mucin 1 (MUC1 in human and Muc1 in animals), a glycoprotein component of airway mucus, is overexpressed in lung tumors; however, its role and underlying mechanisms in early stage lung carcinogenesis is still elusive. This study provides strong evidence demonstrating that EGFR and MUC1 are involved in bronchial epithelial cell transformation. Knockdown of MUC1 expression significantly reduced transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), the active form of the cigarette smoke (CS) carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)s. BPDE exposure robustly activated a pathway consisting of EGFR, Akt and ERK, and blocking this pathway significantly increased BPDE-induced cell death and inhibited cell transformation. Suppression of MUC1 expression resulted in EGFR destabilization and inhibition of the BPDE-induced activation of Akt and ERK and increase of cytotoxicity. These results strongly suggest an important role for EGFR in BPDE-induced transformation, and substantiate that MUC1 is involved in lung cancer development, at least partly through mediating carcinogen-induced activation of the EGFR-mediated cell survival pathway that facilitates cell transformation.
The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing

Purpose – Theory suggests that highly emotionally intelligent individuals are likely to experience psychological wellbeing at a higher level than individuals who are low in emotional intelligence. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and four aspects of psychological wellbeing (self‐acceptance, life satisfaction, somatic complaints and self‐esteem). Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from employees through two different structured surveys administered at two points in time.Findings – The results of four hierarchical regression models provide, in general, support for the positive association between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing components – self‐esteem, life satisfaction, and self‐acceptance. Only marginal significant support was found for the negative relationship between emotional intelligence and somatic complaints.Originality/value – The present study contributes to a growing body of literature seeking to determine the role of em.
A Code Comparison Algorithm Based on AST for Plagiarism Detection

Plagiarism detection technology plays a very important role in copyright protection of computer software. The plagiarism technology mainly includes text-based, token-based and syntax-based technologies. This paper will introduce a technique based on the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). This algorithm based on AST can effectively detects the plagiarism cases of changing the names of methods and variables in the code, reordering the sequences of the code and so on. According to algorithm of the Abstract Syntax Tree, we will calculates hash values of every node in the AST, then store the AST, and compare the hash value node by node after completing all of the above. Finally, we will use the experiments to illustrate the superiority of the AST algorithm.
Reflections on the “Human Behaviourome”: Mind Mapping and its Futures

The completion of the human genome has given rise to a genre of mapping that enables scientists to explore biological life systems at a molecular level. Influenced by the human genome project, the human brain mapping project is underway with the goal in understanding the molecular basis of human cognition. In November 2002, scientists Daryl Macer and Masakazu Inaba developed a mental mapping project called the “human behaviourome” in order to map the broad spectrum of human ideas. Although the aim of the human behaviourome is to understand the diversity of human ideas in given situations, it can be used in several ways and cross-cultural settings. This article explores some of the human behaviourome's potential uses.
The Institutionalization of Mobility: Well-being and Social Hierarchies in Central Asian Translocal Livelihoods

Abstract In the wider scientific debate, post-Soviet Central Asia has been primarily known for the question in what ways this region currently experiences a ‘New Great Game’ of geostrategy and resource-competition. In contrast to that, ethnographic research on the various cross-border mobilities, networks and identifications of non-elite actors from countries such as Kyrgyzstan or Tajikistan has set off only recently. Proposing a conceptual approach based on ‘translocality’ and ‘livelihood’, this article presents in-depth case studies which explore how Central Asians engage in ‘business-making’, ‘evolve’ their Muslim piety, transgress rural–urban boundaries and experience ethnic marginalization in between ‘home’ and cities in Russia, China or Egypt. We show how mobility is institutionalized, i.e. how within these ‘translocal livelihoods’ geographic relocations do not only combine with social mobility, but that assessments on personal well-being and the orientation on cultural norms also draw on somebody’s particular position within social hierarchies of gender and generation.
Learning to decode linear codes using deep learning

A novel deep learning method for improving the belief propagation algorithm is proposed. The method generalizes the standard belief propagation algorithm by assigning weights to the edges of the Tanner graph. These edges are then trained using deep learning techniques. A well-known property of the belief propagation algorithm is the independence of the performance on the transmitted codeword. A crucial property of our new method is that our decoder preserved this property. Furthermore, this property allows us to learn only a single codeword instead of exponential number of codewords. Improvements over the belief propagation algorithm are demonstrated for various high density parity check codes.
Assisted reproduction with in-vitro-cultured testicular spermatozoa in cases of severe germ cell apoptosis: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Apoptosis-related cell damage is known to compromise success rates of assisted reproduction with ejaculated spermatozoa. This study was undertaken to determine whether the frequency of apoptosis-related cell damage and reproductive performance of testicular spermatozoa from men with non-obstructive azoospermia can be improved by in-vitro culture. METHODS Testicular tissue samples were cultured for 2 days in the presence of 50 IU/l FSH and 1 micromol/l testosterone. The frequency of spermatozoa showing DNA strand breakage and plasma membrane phosphatidylserine externalization was compared in before-culture and after-culture samples. The after-culture samples were used in assisted reproduction attempts. RESULTS In a group of 11 azoospermic patients with at least two previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failures, the incidence of DNA strand breakage was high in living testicular spermatozoa from before-culture samples, but significantly lower in after-culture samples (96 versus 30%, P < 0.001). The same applied to the incidence of phosphatidylserine externalization in the motile sperm subpopulation from the before-culture and after-culture samples (83 versus 6%, P < 0.001). Seven ongoing clinical pregnancies (six with fresh embryos and one with cryopreserved embryos) were established. CONCLUSIONS Severe testicular sperm apoptosis may become a new indication for testicular tissue in-vitro culture before ICSI.
Effects of packaging, mineral oil coating, and storage time on biogenic amine levels and internal quality of eggs.

This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effects of mineral oil application on eggshells and the use of plastic packages with lids on the physical-chemical and microbiological quality and biogenic amine contents of eggs stored under refrigeration for up to 125 d. A total of 1,920 eggs from 46-wk-old Hyline W36 laying hens were randomly distributed into 4 groups soon after classification: (i) 480 eggs were stored in pulp carton tray packages; (ii) 480 eggs were stored in plastic packages with lids; (iii) 480 eggs were stored in carton packages after the application of mineral oil; and (iv) 480 eggs were stored in plastic packages with lids after the application of mineral oil. The internal quality was measured by Haugh units, by the counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, by the most probable number of total and thermal-tolerant coliforms, by the counts of molds and yeasts, by the analysis of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. , and by the levels of biogenic amines in the egg yolk and albumen. The application of mineral oil to the eggshell resulted in higher Haugh unit values throughout storage, and the use of plastic packages altered the internal quality. The application of mineral oil and the use of packaging had no effects on the microbiological and biogenic amine results. Microbiological analyses showed the absence of Salmonella spp. , Staphylococcus aureus, thermal-tolerant coliforms, and fungi. However, the highest counts of mesophilic (1.1 × 10(7) cfu/g) and psychrotrophic (6.7 × 10(7) cfu/g) microorganisms were recorded. The highest values of biogenic amines detected and quantified were putrescine (2.38 mg/kg) and cadaverine (7.27 mg/kg) in the egg yolk and putrescine (1.95 mg/kg), cadaverine (2.83 mg/kg), and phenylethylamine (2.57 mg/kg) in the albumen. Despite these results, the biogenic amine levels recorded were considered low and would not be harmful to consumer health.
Ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and posttraumatic hydrocephalus.

BACKGROUND Little information is available on the rostro-caudal concentration gradient of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. OBJECTIVE We studied the concentrations of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides 1-42 and 1-40 as well as the Tau and pTau proteins in simultaneously collected ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. METHODS The samples were simultaneously collected from the ventricle and the lumbar spinal canal in two groups of patients: 10 subjects being treated for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) by the placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and 5 patients treated simultaneously with an external ventricular drain and a lumbar CSF drain due to posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH). RESULTS The ventricular-lumbar (V/L) concentration ratio for Aβ1-40 was 0.81 in NPH patients and 0.71 in PTH patients. The V/L-ratio for Aβ1-42 was 0.84 in NPH, reflecting significantly higher concentrations in lumbar CSF than in ventricular CSF, and 1.02 in PTH patients. The V/L-ratios for Tau and pTau differed significantly depending on the diagnostic group: the median V/L-ratio for Tau was 6.83 in NPH patients but only 0.97 in PTH patients. The median V/L-ratio for pTau was 2.36 in NPH patients and 0.91 in PTH patients. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the rostro-caudal concentration gradient for brain-derived proteins (Tau and pTau in this study) depends on the diagnosis and clinical status of the patient, which were largely neglected in the previously postulated models.
Curriculum-Based Ecosystems: Supporting Knowing From an Ecological Perspective

The goal of this article is to advance an ecological theory of knowing, one that prioritizes engaged participation over knowledge acquisition. To this end, the authors begin by describing the environment in terms of affordance networks: functionally bound potentials extended in time that can be acted upon to realize particular goals. Although there may be socially agreed-upon trajectories specifying the necessary components of a network activated for realizing a particular goal, the particular network engaged by an individual is dependent on adopted intentions and available effectivity sets, the attunements and behaviors that an individual can enlist to realize an affordance network. Thus, to help clarify the challenges of connecting learners to ecological systems through which affordance networks are activated, the authors use the term life-world, which refers to the environment from the perspective of an individual. Building on their characterization of affordance networks, effectivity sets, and life-worlds, the authors offer an ecological focal point for curricular design.
Mucosa: Key Interactions Determining Sexual Transmission of the HIV Infection

In the context of HIV sexual transmission at the genital mucosa, initial interactions between the virus and the mucosal immunity determine the outcome of the exposure. Hence, these interactions have been deeply explored in attempts to undercover potential targets for developing preventative strategies. The knowledge gained has led to propose a hypothetical model for mucosal HIV transmission. Subsequent research studies on this topic further revealed new mechanisms and identified new host-HIV interactions. This review aims at integrating these findings to inform better and update the current model of HIV transmission. At the earliest stage of virus exposure, the epithelial integrity and the presence of antiviral factors are critical in preventing viral entry to the submucosa. However, the virus has been shown to enter to the submucosa in the presence of physical abrasion or via epithelial transmigration using paracellular passage or transcytosis mechanisms. The efficiency of these processes is greater with cell-associated viral inoculums and can be influenced by the presence of viral and immune factors, and by the structure of the exposed epithelium. Once the virus reaches the submucosa, dendritic cells and fibroblasts, as recently described, have been shown in vitro of being capable of facilitating the transfer of viral particles to susceptible cells, leading to viral dissemination, most likely in a trans-infection manner. The presence of activated CD4+ T cells in submucosa increases the probability of infection, where the predominant microbiota could be implicated through the modulation of an inflammatory microenvironment. Other factors such as genital fluids and hormones could also play an essential role in HIV transmission. Here, we review the most recent evidence described for mucosal HIV-transmission contributing with the understanding of this phenomenon.