Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetorotational instability in electrically driven flow of liquid metal : Spectral analysis of global modes

The spectral magnetohydrodynamics stability of liquid metal differentially rotating in transverse magnetic field is studied numerically by solving the eigenvalue problem with rigid-wall boundary conditions. The equilibrium velocity profile used in calculations corresponds to the electrically driven flow in circular channel with the rotation law Ω(r)∝1∕r2. This type of flow profile is planned to be used in new experimental devices to test the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the laboratory. Our analysis includes calculations of the eigenfrequency spectra for both axisymmetric (with azimuthal wavenumber m=0) and nonaxisymmetric (m≠0) modes. It is shown that for certain parameters the flow is unstable with respect to MRI with the fastest growth rate corresponding to the axisymmetric mode. For other parameters, the axisymmetric MRI modes can be suppressed and the instability develops only for modes with m≠0.
The inconsistent measurement of Message Chains

Fowler and Beck defined 22 Code Bad Smells. These smells are useful indicators of code that may need to be refactored. A range of tools have been developed that measure smells in Java code. We aim to compare the results of using two smell measurement tools (DECOR which is embedded in the Ptidej tool and Stench Blossom) on the same Java code (ArgoUML). This comparison identifies the code each tool identifies as containing Message Chains. We evaluate the results from these two tools using human judgment on the smells that the code contains. We look in detail at how and why the results differ. Our results show that each tool identified very different code as containing Message Chains. Stench Blossom identified very many more code instances of Message Chains than DECOR. We found three reasons why these discrepancies occurred. First there are significant differences in the definitions of Message Chains used by each tool. Second, the tools use very different measurement strategies. Third, the thresholds embedded in the tools vary. This measurement inconsistency is a problem to practitioners as they may be applying refactoring ineffectively. This inconsistency is also a problem for researchers as it undermines the reliability of making cross study comparisons and prevents mature knowledge the impact of smells being developed.
Effects of rye inclusion in grower diets on immune competence‐related parameters and performance in broilers

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of rye, a model ingredient to increase gut viscosity, between 14 and 28 d of age on immune competence‐related parameters and performance of broilers. A total of 960 day‐old male Ross 308 chicks were weighed and randomly allocated to 24 pens (40 birds per pen), and the birds in every 8 replicate pens were assigned to 1 of 3 experimental diets including graded levels, 0%, 5%, and 10% of rye. Tested immune competence‐related parameters were composition of the intestinal microbiota, genes expression in gut tissue, and gut morphology. The inclusion of 5% or 10% rye in the diet (d 14 to 28) resulted in decreased performance and litter quality, but in increased villus height and crypt depth in the small intestine (jejunum) of the broilers. Relative bursa and spleen weights were not affected by dietary inclusion of rye. In the jejunum, no effects on number and size of goblet cells, and only trends on microbiota composition in the digesta were observed. Dietary inclusion of rye affected expression of genes involved in cell cycle processes of the jejunal enterocyte cells, thereby influencing cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival, which in turn were consistent with the observed differences in the morphology of the gut wall. In addition, providing rye‐rich diets to broilers affected the complement and coagulation pathways, which among others are parts of the innate immune system. These pathways are involved in eradicating invasive pathogens. Overall, it can be concluded that inclusion of 5% or 10% rye to the grower diet of broilers had limited effects on performance. Ileal gut morphology, microbiota composition of jejunal digesta, and gene expression profiles of jejunal tissue, however, were affected by dietary rye inclusion level, indicating that rye supplementation to broiler diets might affect immune competence of the birds.
Prevention of Power Grid Blackouts Using Intentional Islanding Scheme

Intentional islanding is often conducted as the last resort to preserve the electric grid from severe blackouts. The intentional islanding scheme deliberately segregates the power system into a number of self-sustained islands to enhance the transient stability of the power network. In this study, a spectral clustering algorithm is presented to obtain an islanding solution, which results in minimal power flow disruption across boundaries of islands. The constraint in the spectral clustering method is introduced based on generator coherency grouping. The proposed scheme ensures that each island is only comprised of generators, which are synchronized with each other. The proposed clustering scheme utilizes a more computationally efficient and accurate k-medoids algorithm comparing to k-means ones. The proposed intentional islanding method is scrutinized using the IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 118-bus models. The results of simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively prevent blackouts by separating the systems into stable islands.
Demand Dispatch with Heterogeneous Intelligent Loads

A distributed control architecture is presented that is intended to make a collection of heterogeneous loads appear to the grid operator as a nearly perfect battery. Local control is based on randomized decision rules advocated in prior research, and extended in this paper to any load with a discrete number of power states. Additional linear filtering at the load ensures that the input-output dynamics of the aggregate has a nearly flat input-output response: the behavior of an ideal, multi-GW battery system.
Intestinal Depletion of NaPi‐IIb/Slc34a2 in Mice: Renal and Hormonal Adaptation

The Na+‐dependent phosphate‐cotransporter NaPi‐IIb (SLC34A2) is widely expressed, with intestine, lung, and testis among the organs with highest levels of mRNA abundance. In mice, the intestinal expression of NaPi‐IIb is restricted to the ileum, where the cotransporter localizes specifically at the brush border membrane (BBM) and mediates the active transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Constitutive full ablation of NaPi‐IIb is embryonically lethal whereas the global but inducible removal of the transporter in young mice leads to intestinal loss of Pi and lung calcifications. Here we report the generation of a constitutive but intestinal‐specific NaPi‐IIb/Slc34a2–deficient mouse model. Constitutive intestinal ablation of NaPi‐IIb results in viable pups with normal growth. Homozygous mice are characterized by fecal wasting of Pi and complete absence of Na/Pi cotransport activity in BBM vesicles (BBMVs) isolated from ileum. In contrast, the urinary excretion of Pi is reduced in these animals. The plasma levels of Pi are similar in wild‐type and NaPi‐IIb–deficient mice. In females, the reduced phosphaturia associates with higher expression of NaPi‐IIa and higher Na/Pi cotransport activity in renal BBMVs, as well as with reduced plasma levels of intact FGF‐23. A similar trend is found in males. Thus, NaPi‐IIb is the only luminal Na+‐dependent Pi transporter in the murine ileum and its absence is fully compensated for in adult females by a mechanism involving the bone‐kidney axis. The contribution of this mechanism to the adaptive response is less apparent in adult males. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
REPORT OF A FLORAL VISITOR OF Cypripedium irapeanum (ORCHIDACEAE) IN TEPOZTLAN, MORELOS, MEXICO

The process and participating actors of pollination have fascinated many scholars since the time of Darwin. Nevertheless, for many species of orchids, the identity of the pollinator or the purpose of floral visits remains unknown. Cypripedium (Orchidaceae) is a genus of worldwide distribution that presents a broad range of colors and sizes. Three species are reported in Mexico: C. dickinsonianum, C. irapeanum and C. molle. However, there is very little information regarding the ecological interactions of these species. Firstly, a preliminary bibliographic review was conducted in order to compile information pertaining to the pollinators and floral visitors of the genus Cypripedium. Secondly, a population of C. irapeanum was monitored in a pine-oak forest at 1680 m.a.s.l. in the municipality of Tepoztlan, in Morelos, Mexico. The municipality of Tepoztlán in Morelos, Mexico, hosts a population of approximately 250 individuals of the species C. irapeanum. During a visit to this site in July 2015, two specimens of bees, belonging to the genus Lasioglossum subgenus Eickwortia, were found exiting from the apertures of the rear part of the C. irapeanum labellum. This event was photographed and one bee specimen was collected and identified to species, thus contributing to the first record of a floral visitor to this species of orchid. Lasioglossum nyctere is a floral visitor and possibly a pollinator of C. irapeanum. Future studies should confirm whether or not this bee is indeed a pollinator of the orchid.
Formation of harmful algal blooms cannot be explained by allelopathic interactions

Many planktonic microalgae produce a range of toxins and may form harmful algal blooms. One hypothesis is that some toxins are allelopathic, suppressing the growth of competitors, and it has been suggested that allelopathy may be one important mechanism causing algal blooms. In a metaanalysis of recent experimental work, we looked for evidence that allelopathy may explain the initiation of algal blooms. With few exceptions, allelopathic effects were only significant at very high cell densities typical of blooms. We conclude that there is no experimental support for allelopathy at prebloom densities, throwing doubts on allelopathy as a mechanism in bloom formation. Most studies tested allelopathy using cell-free manipulations. With simple models we show that cell-free manipulations may underestimate allelopathy at low cell densities if effects are transmitted during cell–cell interactions. However, we suggest that the evolution of allelopathy under field conditions may be unlikely even if based on cell–cell interactions. The spatial dispersion of cells in turbulent flow will make it difficult for an allelopathic cell to receive an exclusive benefit, and a dispersion model shows that dividing cells are rapidly separated constraining clone selection. Instead, we propose that reported allelopathic effects may be nonadaptive side effects of predator–prey or casual parasitic cell–cell interactions.
Localization of topoisomerase II in mitotic chromosomes

In the preceding article we described a polyclonal antibody that recognizes cSc-1, a major polypeptide component of the chicken mitotic chromosome scaffold. This polypeptide was shown to be chicken topoisomerase II. In the experiments described in the present article we use indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy to examine the distribution of topoisomerase II within intact chromosomes. We also describe a simple experimental protocol that differentiates antigens that are interspersed along the chromatin fiber from those that occupy restricted domains within the chromosome. These experiments indicate that the distribution of the enzyme appears to be independent of the bulk chromatin. Our data suggest that topoisomerase II is bound to the bases of the radial loop domains of mitotic chromosomes.
PPARα agonist fenofibrate suppresses tumor growth through direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibition

Angiogenesis and inflammation are central processes through which the tumor microenvironment influences tumor growth. We have demonstrated recently that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α deficiency in the host leads to overt inflammation that suppresses angiogenesis via excess production of thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and prevents tumor growth. Hence, we speculated that pharmacologic activation of PPARα would promote tumor growth. Surprisingly, the PPARα agonist fenofibrate potently suppressed primary tumor growth in mice. This effect was not mediated by cancer-cell-autonomous antiproliferative mechanisms but by the inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation in the host tissue. Although PPARα-deficient tumors were still susceptible to fenofibrate, absence of PPARα in the host animal abrogated the potent antitumor effect of fenofibrate. In addition, fenofibrate suppressed endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF production, increased TSP-1 and endostatin, and inhibited corneal neovascularization. Thus, both genetic abrogation of PPARα as well as its activation by ligands cause tumor suppression via overlapping antiangiogenic pathways. These findings reveal the potential utility of the well tolerated PPARα agonists beyond their use as lipid-lowering drugs in anticancer therapy. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale for evaluating the clinical benefits of PPARα agonists in cancer treatment, alone and in combination with other therapies.
Different effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation and electroacupuncture at ST36–ST37 on the cerebral cortex

Background The effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) and electroacupuncture (EA) on the cerebral cortex are largely unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of TENS and EA on the cerebral cortex by examining their effect on the median nerve-somatosensory evoked potentials (MN-SEPs). Methods Twenty volunteers were studied. The cortical and cervical spinal potentials were recorded by median nerve stimulation at the left wrist. Sham TENS, 2 Hz TENS and 2 Hz EA were applied to both ST36 and ST37. MN-SEPs were recorded during sham TENS, 2 Hz TENS and 2 Hz EA, with at least 1 week interval for each subject. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences in latency and amplitude of the MN-SEPs observed in the stimulation and post-stimulation periods compared with baseline. Scheffe's post hoc correction was employed to identify pairwise differences. Results No differences in mean latency were found between the stimulation procedures during the stimulation and post-stimulation periods. 2 Hz EA but not sham TENS or 2 Hz TENS caused higher mean amplitudes in N20 and N30 during the stimulation and post-stimulation periods. Conclusions EA, but not TENS, induces changes in certain components of the signal.
Physical training and baroreceptor control of sympathetic nerve activity in humans.

In nine sedentary subjects (16.5 +/- 0.4 years, mean +/- SEM) we measured blood pressure (Finapres device), heart rate (electrocardiogram), and postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography from the peroneal nerve) at rest and during intravenous infusion of phenylephrine and nitroprusside. These measurements were performed before and after 10 weeks of endurance training (2 h/d, 5 d/wk) that increased maximum oxygen consumption from 34.8 +/- 2.1 to 40.4 +/- 1.8 mL/kg per minute (P < .02). Basal mean blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity were lower after than before endurance training (86.5 +/- 2.6 versus 97.5 +/- 1.8 mm Hg, P < .05, and 14.0 +/- 1.8 versus 21.2 +/- 2.3 bursts per minute, P < .02), and the changes in these variables were closely related (r = .95, P < .01). Similar mean blood pressure increases induced by phenylephrine caused greater reductions in heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity after than before endurance training (-8.6 +/- 0.8 versus -6.1 +/- 1.1 beats per minute, P = NS, and -78.0 +/- 4.6% versus -53.6 +/- 4.8%, P < .05). Likewise, similar mean blood pressure reductions induced by nitroprusside caused greater increases in heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity after than before endurance training (18.6 +/- 3.0 versus 12.4 +/- 2.4 beats per minute, P < .05, and 128.1 +/- 26% versus 63.2 +/- 11%, P < .02). No alteration in hemodynamics, oxygen consumption, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity occurred in four other age-matched sedentary subjects studied before and after a 10-week observation period without endurance training. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AF17 Facilitates Dot1a Nuclear Export and Upregulates ENaC-Mediated Na+ Transport in Renal Collecting Duct Cells

Our previous work in 293T cells and AF17-/- mice suggests that AF17 upregulates expression and activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), possibly by relieving Dot1a-AF9-mediated repression. However, whether and how AF17 directly regulates Dot1a cellular distribution and ENaC function in renal collecting duct cells remain unaddressed. Here, we report our findings in mouse cortical collecting duct M-1 cells that overexpression of AF17 led to preferential distribution of Dot1a in the cytoplasm. This effect could be blocked by nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. siRNA-mediated depletion of AF17 caused nuclear accumulation of Dot1a. AF17 overexpression elicited multiple effects that are reminiscent of aldosterone action. These effects include 1) increased mRNA and protein expression of the three ENaC subunits (α, β and γ) and serum- and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1, as revealed by real-time RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analyses; 2) impaired Dot1a-AF9 interaction and H3 K79 methylation at the αENaC promoter without affecting AF9 binding to the promoter, as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation; and 3) elevated ENaC-mediated Na+ transport, as analyzed by measurement of benzamil-sensitive intracellular [Na+] and equivalent short circuit current using single-cell fluorescence imaging and an epithelial Volt-ohmmeter, respectively. Knockdown of AF17 elicited opposite effects. However, combination of AF17 overexpression or depletion with aldosterone treatment did not cause an additive effect on mRNA expression of the ENaC subunits. Taken together, we conclude that AF17 promotes Dot1a nuclear export and upregulates basal, but not aldosterone-stimulated ENaC expression, leading to an increase in ENaC-mediated Na+ transport in renal collecting duct cells.
Structural Differentiation of Graphs Using Hosoya-Based Indices

In this paper, we introduce the Hosoya-Spectral indices and the Hosoya information content of a graph. The first measure combines structural information captured by partial Hosoya polynomials and graph spectra. The latter is a graph entropy measure which is based on blocks consisting of vertices with the same partial Hosoya polynomial. We evaluate the discrimination power of these quantities by interpreting numerical results.
Comeasurement of simian virus 40 early and late promoter activity in HeLa and 293 cells in the presence of T antigen

Transcription of the simian virus 40 (SV40) late promoter is strongly activated by SV40 T antigen. We were interested in examining this process in relation to other T-antigen functions such as replication and repression of early transcription. To quantitate the various T-antigen effects, we used a vector which has a promoterless beta-globin gene flanking the early and late sides of the SV40 promoter region. Following cotransfection with a plasmid encoding T antigen, transcription from the two promoters can be measured with a single S1 mapping probe and replication can be assayed by Southern blot analysis of DNA recovered in Hirt extracts. In this study, transactivation was examined in HeLa and 293 cells, since these cells differ in their ability to support SV40 replication. The strength of the late promoter relative to the early promoter was approximately three- to fourfold higher in 293 cells. Replication in 293 cells was also more efficient, by the same margin. In both cell lines, late promoter transactivation was barely detectable on replication-defective templates. Taken together, the results suggest that T-antigen activation of late transcription occurs only on replicated, or replicating, DNA. T antigen also activated the late-early start sites, and while in HeLa cells they were seen to be only 30% as strong as the late promoter, in 293 cells late and late-early activities were almost equal.
sCooL: A system for academic institution name normalization

Named Entity Normalization involves normalizing recognized entities to a concrete, unambiguous real world entity. Within the purview of the online job posting domain, academic institution name normalization provides a beneficial opportunity for CareerBuilder (CB). Accurate and detailed normalization of academic institutions are important to perform sophisticated labor market dynamics analysis. In this paper we present and discuss the design and the implementation of sCooL, an academic institution name normalization system designed to supplant the existing manually maintained mapping system at CB. We also discuss the specific challenges that led to the design of sCooL. sCooL leverages Wikipedia to create academic institution name mappings from a school database which is created from job applicant resumes posted on our website. The mappings created are utilized to build a database which is then used for normalization. sCooL provides the flexibility to integrate mappings collected from different curated and non-curated sources. The system is able to identify malformed data and K-12 schools from universities and colleges. We conduct an extensive comparative evaluation of the semi-automated sCooL system against the existing manual mapping implementation and show that sCooL provides better coverage with improved accuracy.
Quantifying synergism/antagonism using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling: A simulation study

Cancer drugs are commonly administered in the clinic in the form of mixtures, also called cocktails or combinations. Assessment of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between drugs is therefore an important aspect of cancer research. Numerous methods have been proposed to assess drug interactions, each one based on a null (or additive) model. In this paper, the Loewe additivity index is used as a basis. Parameters of concentration–response curves, used as input to the Loewe equation, are estimated with a nonlinear mixed‐effects model. The use of a nonlinear mixed‐effects model, in combination with the Loewe index and a procedure to calculate confidence intervals of the index, is referred to as the ‘MixLow’ method. Simulations of a sham mixture of a drug with itself show that the MixLow method provides parameter estimators that are more precise than those produced by the Median‐Effect method, a popular approach that uses log linearization of the concentration–response curves. Coverage of confidence intervals for the interaction index is acceptable for the MixLow method but poor for the Median‐Effect method. This is the first comparison report of coverage of confidence intervals for the Loewe interaction index. A mixture of vincristine and topotecan is also analyzed by the MixLow method and the results are compared with those previously published. The MixLow method can be used to quantify drug interactions in any fixed‐ratio drug combination study that includes within‐group and between‐group replicates, and where responses follow a sigmoidal pattern. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.