Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable Computation in the Presence of Noise

Downloading the book in this website lists can give you more advantages. It will show you the best book collections and completed collections. So many books can be found in this website. So, this is not only this reliable computation in the presence of noise. However, this book is referred to read because it is an inspiring book to give you more chance to get experiences and also thoughts. This is simple, read the soft file of the book and you get it.
Isoelastic Agents and Wealth Updates in Machine Learning Markets

Recently, prediction markets have shown considerable promise for developing flexible mechanisms for machine learning. In this paper, agents with isoelastic utilities are considered. It is shown that the costs associated with homogeneous markets of agents with isoelastic utilities produce equilibrium prices corresponding to alpha-mixtures, with a particular form of mixing component relating to each agent's wealth. We also demonstrate that wealth accumulation for logarithmic and other isoelastic agents (through payoffs on prediction of training targets) can implement both Bayesian model updates and mixture weight updates by imposing different market payoff structures. An iterative algorithm is given for market equilibrium computation. We demonstrate that inhomogeneous markets of agents with isoelastic utilities outperform state of the art aggregate classifiers such as random forests, as well as single classifiers (neural networks, decision trees) on a number of machine learning benchmarks, and show that isoelastic combination methods are generally better than their logarithmic counterparts.
Does the Narrow [ O III ] λ 5007 Line Reflect the Stellar Velocity Dispersion in AGN ?

It has been proposed that the width of the narrow [O III] λ5007 emission line can be used as a surrogate for the stellar velocity dispersion in active galaxies. This proposition is tested using the SDSS EDR spectra of 107 low-redshift radioquiet QSOs and Seyfert 1 galaxies by investigating the correlation between black hole mass, as determined from Hβ FWHM and optical luminosity, and [O III] FWHM. The correlation is real, but the scatter is large. Without additional information or selection criteria, the [O III] width can predict the black hole mass to a factor of 5. Subject headings: galaxies: active, bulges—quasars: emission lines
A Blind Source Separation Method for Nearly Degenerate Mixtures and Its Applications to NMR Spectroscopy

In this paper, we develop a novel blind source separation (BSS) method for nonnegative and correlated data, particularly for the nearly degenerate data. The motivation lies in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, where a multiple mixture NMR spectra are recorded to identify chemical compounds with similar structures (degeneracy). There have been a number of successful approaches for solving BSS problems by exploiting the nature of source signals. For instance, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to separate statistically independent (orthogonal) source signals. However, signal orthogonality is not guaranteed in many real-world problems. This new BSS method developed here deals with nonorthogonal signals. The independence assumption is replaced by a condition which requires dominant interval(s) (DI) from each of source signals over others. Additionally, the mixing matrix is assumed to be nearly singular. The method first estimates the mixing matrix by exploiting geometry in data clustering. Due to the degeneracy of the data, a small deviation in the estimation may introduce errors (spurious peaks of negative values in most cases) in the output. To resolve this challenging problem and improve robustness of the separation, methods are developed in two aspects. One technique is to find a better estimation of the mixing matrix by allowing a constrained perturbation to the clustering output, and it can be achieved by a quadratic programming. The other is to seek sparse source signals by exploiting the DI condition, and it solves an $\ell_1$ optimization. We present numerical results of NMR data to show the performance and reliability of the method in the applications arising in NMR spectroscopy.
A Hypertext Tutorial for Teaching Cephalometrics. †

Hypertext is a non-linear method of text presentation. It necessitates the use of a computer to store data as a series of nodes that can be called up in any desired sequence and, as such, is a new form of discovery-based learning. This paper describes a Hypertext tutorial in cephalometrics and its subsequent testing on first-year clinical dental students. Students were divided into two groups: the first received a conventional lecture; the second used the Hypertext tutorial. Testing was by means of conventional multiple choice questions. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, although the computer tutor was shown more consistently to improve the knowledge of the students than did the conventional lecture. Most students who used the computer program found it enjoyable, but time consuming; less than half found it easy to follow.
Non-Negative Factor Analysis of Gaussian Mixture Model Weight Adaptation for Language and Dialect Recognition

Recent studies show that Gaussian mixture model (GMM) weights carry less, yet complimentary, information to GMM means for language and dialect recognition. However, state-of-the-art language recognition systems usually do not use this information. In this research, a non-negative factor analysis (NFA) approach is developed for GMM weight decomposition and adaptation. This modeling, which is conceptually simple and computationally inexpensive, suggests a new low-dimensional utterance representation method using a factor analysis similar to that of the i-vector framework. The obtained subspace vectors are then applied in conjunction with i-vectors to the language/dialect recognition problem. The suggested approach is evaluated on the NIST 2011 and RATS language recognition evaluation (LRE) corpora and on the QCRI Arabic dialect recognition evaluation (DRE) corpus. The assessment results show that the proposed adaptation method yields more accurate recognition results compared to three conventional weight adaptation approaches, namely maximum likelihood re-estimation, non-negative matrix factorization, and a subspace multinomial model. Experimental results also show that the intermediate-level fusion of i-vectors and NFA subspace vectors improves the performance of the state-of-the-art i-vector framework especially for the case of short utterances.
Modeling the Effect of Multidimensional Trust on Individual Monetary Donations to Charitable Organizations

This study develops and validates a model that evaluates the effect of trust on individual monetary donations to charitable organizations (COs). Data were collected in Saudi Arabia using a two-stage approach and were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Data on psychosocial variables were collected in the first stage, and data on behavior were collected in the second stage, 4 weeks later. The findings confirm the study’s novel multidimensional perspective of trust in the context of individual monetary donations to COs in Saudi Arabia. The results validate the view that trust is present only when the individuals concerned are disposed to trust others and when they believe that the COs can conduct their charitable mission, are honest in the use of their donations, and prioritize beneficiaries’ rights. Individuals’ trust in COs affects both the intention to donate and future monetary donation behavior.
Shape Particle Guided Tissue Classification

In many cases, the accuracy of statistical pixel classification can be improved by applying a spatially varying prior that can be derived from a shape model. We propose to represent the prior knowledge on the spatial distribution of tissue classes by a distribution of shape particles, each representing one possible distribution of tissue classes. Classification and shape can then be optimized jointly by alternating a particle filtering step, in which the shape particle distribution is evolved under the influence of the current classification, with an update of the classification estimate using the shape distribution. Since a large number of shape hypotheses is used this method does not easily get trapped in local maxima. By applying shape models that are conditional on other, more easily discernible, objects in the image one can perform shape guided classification even if the shapes themselves are hardly visible. The method is demonstrated on the task of detecting aortic calcifications in X-ray images, in which calcifications can only be present inside the aorta - mainly on the aortic wall - but the aorta itself is not visible.
Mechanical fatigue assessment of SAC305 solder joints under harmonic and random vibrations

Vibration-induced solder joint fatigue is a main reliability concern for aerospace and military industries whose electronic equipment used in the field is required to remain functional under harsh loadings. Due to the RoHS directive which eventually will prevent lead from being utilized in electronic systems, there is a need for a better understanding of lead-free mechanical behavior under vibration conditions. This study reports the durability of Sn3.0Ag0. 5Cu (SAC305) solder joints subjected to harmonic solicitations at three specific temperatures (-55°C, 20°C and 105°C) and random vibrations at ambient temperature (20°C). A test assembly was designed and consisted in a single daisy-chained 1152 I/O ball grid array (FBGA1152) package assembled on a flame retardant (FR-4) printed circuit board (PCB). The vibration levels were imposed by a controlled deflection at the center of the board at its natural frequency. The electric continuity was monitored to determine the number of cycles to failure of each sample. Mode shape measurements with a scanning vibrometer were also conducted and correlated with finite element analysis (FEA) to ensure accurate calculation of strain within the critical solder balls at the corners of the component. The failed specimens were then cross-sectioned in order to determine failure modes. A comparison of SAC305 durability with SnPb36Ag2 solder is given, along with a set of lifetime measurements for two complementary assemblies: 68 I/O Leadless Chip Carrier (LCC68) and 324 I/O Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA324). For the tested harmonic vibration levels, SAC305 outperforms SnPb36Ag2. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the mechanical durability of SAC305 appears to be minor. Failure analysis pointed out different failure modes on PCB and component side, along with pad cratering and copper trace failures. FEA calculations allows the determination of the SAC305 fatigue curve to estimate the high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of SAC305 solder under harmonic vibrations. The random vibrations durability of SAC305 solder was assessed using the same test assembly (FBGA1152) which was subjected to three different levels of Power Spectral Density (PSD) at 20°C. The random vibrations tests were conducted within a frequency band ranging from 500 Hz to 900 Hz around the natural frequency. The chosen PSD levels applied were 0.04, 0.10 and 0.20 g2/Hz. Using power-law fitting, the results give a first estimation of the durability of SAC305 solder joints subjected to random vibrations.
Chapter 4 Relational Language and Relational Thought

Human cognitive abilities are remarkable. We easily go beyond what is perceptually available to reason about abstract systems. Our cognitive ability to adapt to a vast range of environments, and even to alter our environment to suit our desires, has given our species so great an advantage over other mammals that we are now poised to exterminate most of our former predators, and must use our ingenuity to preserve a few. Indeed, for many theorists, the sophistication of adult human reasoning defies any explanation based on learning. How do we get so smart? Traditional theories of cognitive development can be grouped into four broad categories. Behaviorist accounts used mechanisms of association and stimulus generalization over perceptual gradients to explain learning, eschewing discussion of mental representations. Current descendants of this view rely on mechanisms such as statistical learning of transitive probabilities. Piagetian constructivism postulated increasingly complex mental representations learned through the child’s interactions with the world and cognitive stages characterized by different representational formats and logical operations (Piaget, 195 1, 1955). Another constructivist approach is Vygotsky’s (1 962) theory that abstract cogni tion develops through the child’s interactions with cultural and linguistic systems. The fourth approach, of renewed interest of late, is a nativist approach that postulates that children possess nascent cognitive systems and theories that unfold through interaction with the world.
A Simple Algorithm For The Reduction Of Blocking Artifacts In Images And Its Implementation

A simple but effective operator for the reduction of blocking artifacts is presented, together with a simple hardware implementation. The method is based on the rational filter approach: the operator is expressed as a ratio between a linear and a polynomial function of the input data. Such filters have been proved to outperform other conventional methods in other applications, such as noise smoothing, thanks to their capability of adapting gradually to the local image characteristics. The filter is capable of biasing its behaviour in order to achieve good performance both in uniform areas, where linear smoothing is needed, and in textured zones, where nonlinear and directional filtering is required. An activity detector is embedded in the expression of the operator itself so that the biasing of the behaviour of the filter is smooth and not based on fixed thresholds. A solution for the hardware implementation of the scheme is presented in detail. Despite the simplifications imposed by the hardware design, the filter retains the same efficiency as the original algorithm.
Inference-Based Constraint Satisfaction Supports Explanation

Constraint satisfaction problems are typically solved using search, augmented by general purpose consistency inference methods. This paper proposes a paradigm shift in which inference is used as the primary problem solving method, and attention is focused on special purpose, domain specific inference methods. While we expect this approach to have computational advantages, we emphasize here the advantages of a solution method that is more congenial to human thought processes. Specifically we use inference-based constraint satisfaction to support explanations of the problem solving behavior that are considerably more meaningful than a trace of a search process would be. Logic puzzles are used as a case study. Inference-based constraint satisfaction proves surprisingly powerful and easily extensible in this domain. Problems drawn from commercial logic puzzle booklets are used for evaluation. Explanations are produced that compare well with the explanations provided by these booklets.
Buyer-supplier relationship development - Empirical indentification and quantification

Our study aims at identifying and quantifying buyer-supplier relationships from the buyer’s perspective. Whereas other relationship development studies are highly conceptual in nature, our study is firmly grounded in empirical research. The designed model is based on the results of interviews with expert practitioners and includes a succession of five stages that occur after initial transactions have been established between partners. Contrary to other studies, our model explicitly includes a terminating phase. Furthermore, we test hypotheses pertaining to several relationship characteristics in the identified stages of relationship development. Survey data allows us to verify the insights from theoretical studies in the field of buyer-supplier relationship development.
THE GAP BETWEEN COMPLEX STRUCTURED SINGULAR VALUE μ AND ITS UPPER BOUND IS INFINITE

Here and below, ‖A‖ always denotes the induced (by the Euclidean norm in Cn) operator norm of A, i. e. its maximal singular value. Entries of the matrices A and ∆ are complex, so we deal with complex structured singular value. The first equality above is the definition of μ, the second is a simple exercise in linear algebra. Note, that if in the definition of μ we take infimum over all matrices, not only diagonal, we get exactly the norm ‖A‖. On the other hand, if we take infimum over a smaller set of scalar matrices λI, λ ∈ C, we get exactly the spectral radius r(A) of the matrix A. So μ(A) can be estimated as r(A) μ(A) ‖A‖. The structured singular value μ was introduced in connection with robust control with structured uncertainties, see [1, 2] (we should also mention papers by M. Safonov [9, 10] where the multivariable stability margin Km(G), which is essentially the reciprocal of μ, was introduced). Without going into a lot of details (a reader interested in a detailed introduction into the subject, with all references and complete history, should look somewhere else, [13] will be a good reference), let us just remind the reader main ideas. Consider the system on Fig. 1 with uncertainty ∆ in the feedback loop. Here G is causal stable LTI (Linear Time Invariant) plant. An important notion in robust stability is the so called stability margin. Suppose, that our uncertainty ∆ belongs to some class U of stable causal
Motivation mechanism of gamification in crowdsourcing projects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the participation behaviors in the context of crowdsourcing projects from the perspective of gamification. Design/methodology/approach This paper first proposed a model to depict the effect of four categories of game elements on three types of motivation based upon several motivation theories, which may, in turn, influence user participation. Then, 5 × 2 between-subject Web experiments were designed for collecting data and validating this model. Findings Game elements which provide participants with rewards and recognitions or remind participants of the completion progress of their tasks may positively influence the extrinsic motivation, whereas game elements which can help create a fantasy scene may strengthen intrinsic motivation. Besides, recognition-kind and progress-kind game elements may trigger the internalization of extrinsic motivation. In addition, when a task is of high complexity, the effects from game elements on extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation will be less prominent, whereas the internalization of extrinsic motivation may benefit from the increase of task complexity. Originality/value This study may uncover the motivation mechanism of several different kinds of game elements, which may help to find which game elements are more effective in enhancing engagement and participation in crowdsourcing projects. Besides, as task complexity is used as a moderator, one may be able to identify whether task complexity is able to influence the effects from game elements on motivations. Last, but not the least, this study will indicate the interrelationship between game elements, individual motivation and user participation, which can be adapted by other scholars.
Sciencestart destekli fen eğitim programının 60-72 aylık çocukların bilimsel süreç becerilerine ve bilimsel tutuma güvenme ve yönelime etkisi

Bu calisma, T.C. Selcuk Universitesi Bilimsel Arastirma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinatorlugu tarafindan 11103005 nolu Doktora tez projesi olarak ve TUBITAK 2211 Yurt Ici Doktora Burs Programindan desteklenmistir.
Upregulation of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in the Dorsal Hippocampus after Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Involved in Long-Term Memory Formation

The role of the hippocampus in pavlovian fear conditioning is controversial. Although lesion and pharmacological inactivation studies have suggested a key role for the dorsal hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning, the involvement of the ventral part is still uncertain. Likewise, the debate is open with regard to the putative implication of each hippocampal subdivision in fear conditioning to a discrete conditioned stimulus. We explored the potential existence of dissociations occurring in the dorsal versus ventral hippocampus at the cellular level while dealing with either contextual or cued fear conditioning and focused in a molecular “signature” linked to structural plasticity, the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). We found an upregulation of PSA-NCAM expression in the dorsal (but not ventral) dentate gyrus at 24 h after contextual (but not tone) fear conditioning. Specific removal of PSA through microinfusion of the enzyme endoneuraminidase-N in the dorsal (but not ventral) hippocampus reduced freezing responses to the conditioned context. Therefore, we present evidence for a specific role of PSA-NCAM in the dorsal hippocampus in the plasticity processes occurring during consolidation of the context representation after “standard” contextual fear conditioning. Interestingly, we also found that exposing animals just to the context induced an activation of PSA-NCAM in both dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Altogether, these findings highlighting the distinctive occurrence of these neuroplastic processes in the dorsal hippocampus during the standard contextual fear-conditioning task enlighten the ongoing debate about the involvement of these hippocampal subdivisions in pavlovian fear conditioning.
The changing generic location of crime in film: a content analysis of film synopses, 1945–1991

Is the number of films containing crime increasing? If so, for which kinds of films? Using a sample of synopses for all films released in Britain between 1945 and 1991 we identify shifts in the major film genres and their proportion of crime contents. The overall proportion of crime films remains constant, as does the proportion of crime contents in all film genres. But this masks underlying differences. Content analysis reveals which genres, including those with both high and low crime contents, are rising or falling in popularity. It also reveals that for some genres, the proportion of films containing crime is rising. No differences were found between British and American films in terms of proportion of crime contents by genre. This historical content analysis provides an overview of trends in the inclusion of crime in film. These trends offer a broader context for the interpretation of more detailed analyses of single films. The implications for the audience's expectations of films are discussed.
Understanding Colorism Through the Perceptions and Social Interactions of African Diasporic Women

4 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1: What is Colorism? 10 2.2: Colorism and Female Beauty 11 2.3: Colorism in Trinidad 12 2.4: Colorism in the United States 17 2.5: Statement of Purpose 19 Chapter 3: Methods 20 3.1 Cultural Study 20 3.2 Participant Sampling 20 3.3 Interview Questions 21 3.4 Interview Specifics 23 Chapter 4: Methodology 25 4.1: Grounded Theory Approach 25 4.2: Narrative and Reflexive Approach 26 4.3: Thematic Analysis 27 Chapter 5: Data Analysis 30 5.1: Trinidad Sample 30 5.1. 1: Self-Esteem and Self-Image 30 5.1. 2: Feelings of Isolation 32 5.1. 3: Family Discussions of Colorism 32