Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of enterovirus‐specific RNA in serum: The relationship to chronic fatigue

The serum of 88 chronic fatigue patients was screened for enteroviral specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The PCR method used was “nested” PCR targetting the 5′ nontranslated region of the enteroviral genome which yielded a final fragment length of 264 base pairs. Samples were obtained from patients during 1990–1991. In addition, buffy coat specimens and stool specimens were examined in some patients. Samples from two cohorts of comparison individuals were also obtained. The comparison groups were firstly, acutely ill individuals with symptoms consistent with a presumed enteroviral infection (matched by age, sex, and date of receipt of specimen) and secondly, healthy individuals (matched by age and date of receipt of specimen). Enteroviral specific sequences were detected in 36 of 88 serum samples from chronic fatigue patients, 22 of 82 acutely ill individuals, and 3 of 126 healthy individuals. The enteroviral PCR positivity did not correlate with any one particular feature of chronic fatigue nor did it reflect any history of illness at onset of fatigue, duration of fatigue, or age of patient. These results provide new evidence for the presence of enteroviral specific sequences in serum, buffy coat, and stool samples in many patients with chronic fatigue. This may reflect a persistent enterovirus infection in a proportion of chronic fatigue patients. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Theory and Practice of Equal Opportunities Policies: Liberal and Radical Approaches

This paper explores the conceptual confusions characteristic of the practice of equal opportunities policies the workplace. The differences between ‘liberal’ and ‘radical’ approaches to policy making are identified and described. It is argued that, while these are conceptually distiner from one another, in practice they are routinely confused and conflated. In particular the preferred procedures of the liberal approach are widely assumed to result in the preferred outcomes of the radical approach. It is suggested that these confusions are not merely the product of intellectual error but arise from misunderstandings and deceptions generated in the struggle for power between participants in the work process.
Placental 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Methylation Is Associated with Newborn Growth and a Measure of Neurobehavioral Outcome

Background There is growing evidence that the intrauterine environment can impact the neurodevelopment of the fetus through alterations in the functional epigenome of the placenta. In the placenta, the HSD11B2 gene encoding the 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme, which is responsible for the inactivation of maternal cortisol, is regulated by DNA methylation, and has been shown to be susceptible to stressors from the maternal environment. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined the association between DNA methylation of the HSD11B2 promoter region in the placenta of 185 healthy newborn infants and infant and maternal characteristics, as well as the association between this epigenetic variability and newborn neurobehavioral outcome assessed with the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales. Controlling for confounders, HSD11B2 methylation extent is greatest in infants with the lowest birthweights (P = 0.04), and this increasing methylation was associated with reduced scores of quality of movement (P = 0.04). Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that factors in the intrauterine environment which contribute to birth outcome may be associated with placental methylation of the HSD11B2 gene and that this epigenetic alteration is in turn associated with a prospectively predictive early neurobehavioral outcome, suggesting in some part a mechanism for the developmental origins of infant neurological health.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Achieving Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Recipe Preparation Goals Influences Consumption by 4th Grade Students

Background: Including children in food preparation activities has long been recommended as a method to encourage children's consumption, but has not been evaluated. Goal setting is also a common component of behavior change programs. This study assessed the impact of attaining goals to prepare fruit-juice or vegetable recipes on student fruit and vegetable consumption as part of a 10-week fruit and vegetable intervention for fourth grade students.
International Approaches to Whole-of-School Physical Activity Promotion

Increasing physical activity opportunities in schools has emerged as a global priority among school-aged youth. As a result, many countries have designed and implemented whole-of-school physical activity initiatives that seek to increase physical activity opportunities that are available to school-aged children before, during, and after school. Considering the comprehensive school physical activity program conceptual framework, this article includes a discussion of the initiatives from four countries: Finland (Finnish Schools on the Move), Ireland (Active School Flag), Poland (PE with Class), and the United States (Let’s Move Active Schools). Background information, implementation strategies, best practices, development opportunities, and relevant research from each country will be presented. Exploring different perspectives sheds some light on the international landscape relative to whole-of-school physical activity promotion and provides direction for future and continued research and practice.
2 HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND EXTRAGASTRIC DISEASES-OTHER HELICOBACTERS

revised manuscript of the article: Nilsson, Hans-Olof and Pietroiusti, Antonio and Gabrielli, Maurizio and Zocco, Maria Assunta and Gasbarrini, Giovanni and Gasbarrini, Antonio “Helicobacter pylori and Extragastric Diseases Other Helicobacters” Helicobacter. 2005;10 Suppl 1:54-65. Publisher: Blackwell Use of alternative location to go to the published version of the article requires journal subscription.
Interactions of Perceived Intensity, Duration, and Pitch in Pure Tone Sequences

If one dimension of sound is manipulated in a way that suggests a particular rhythmic organization, does perception of other dimensions change in ways that are consistent with the same rhythmic organization? When subjects were asked to judge or adjust intensities of tones, rhythmic manipulations of pitch structure changed the perception of intensity. When subjects were asked to judge timing, rhythmic manipulations of intensity had a similar effect. Timing manipulations did not have an effect on judgments of pitch. The results indicate that temporal structure as a whole is more accessible than the individual physical manipulations that give rise to that structure. It may be concluded that the temporal structure itself, rather than pitches, intensities, and durations in isolation, is a perceptual object.
Three physical education programs’ adaptive approaches to change: ‘how can I spin that so it works for me?’

This study examined five of 12 physical education teachers participating in the Assessment Initiative for Middle School Physical Education (AIMS-PE), a reform-based teacher development project designed to help teachers examine and reframe their assessment practices and to design and implement curricular programs that encourage active teaching and learning. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ experiences with change to understand how they used the espoused curriculum and assessments, and how they addressed project goals. Data included interviews with teachers, students, principals, assigned project researchers and mentors from three schools, school artefacts, and descriptive field notes from observations. Interview transcripts and field notes were analysed using open, axial and selective coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Results indicated that teachers from each of the three participating schools demonstrated, in varying abilities, adaptive approaches to implementation. First, teachers were provided opportunities to adapt project curricula and assessments to their particular situations and required a certain amount of negotiation and flexibility on the part of both teachers and facilitators. During implementation, teachers’ abilities to adapt project materials proved to have a direct and powerful effect on the adoption of project goals and curricula. Second, factors which influenced teachers’ efforts to adapt project materials included professional discourse of new instructional and assessment ideas and practices, time, power of student reaction and the role of the principal. Finally, results indicate an importance for teacher development projects to assist teachers in becoming knowledgeable about change and empowered in their own ability to adapt to problems which may arise within the change process. Adaptive approaches to change, such as the one described in this study assumes that variability among teacher and schools is inevitable and that specificity of project methods and goals should evolve over time, paying particular attention to local conditions and individual needs.
Preparing Elementary School Counselors to Promote Career Development

Career development at the elementary level is an important developmental function to ensure all students graduate college and career ready. However, the training and continuing education needs of elementary school counselors have been largely ignored in the professional literature and in training programs. This article explores the theoretical and empirical support for career development at the primary level and the challenges in training elementary school counselors. Recommendations for modifications to school counselor educator programs are offered, and future research and continuing education needs for school counselors are explored.
Friend: A Communication Aid for Persons With Disabilities

Computers offer valuable opportunities to people with physical disabilities. For example, a computer can allow someone with severe speech and motor-impairment to engage more fully with the world. This paper describes the design of a communication aid for motor-impaired users, who literally use computers as their communication partners. Currently, a low cost interface suitable for different types of motor-impaired users is hardly available. Additionally, the target audience of existing such systems is very much limited. The present work solved these problems by its adaptation mechanism. The adaptation mechanism provides an appropriate interface from an interface bank for each user before start of an interaction. The adaptation mechanism is continued during as well as after the end of interactions to make the system personalized to individual user.
Domestic Violence and Parental Divorce as Predictors of Best Friendship Qualities Among College Students

Data regarding the effects of domestic violence and parental divorce have been inconsistent. Assessments of the effects of childhood trauma on psychosocial adjustment might be enhanced by an examination of the way developmental stressors interact. A total of 370 college students with histories of combinations of parental divorce and domestic violence participated in this correlational study of best friendships in early adulthood. College students exposed to domestic violence during childhood described their best friendships as relatively less reinforcing, helpful, and sustainable than those without the abuse history. Participants from intact families, as compared to those with parental divorce histories, described their best friendship as relatively more reinforcing and favorable. The combination of parental divorce and exposure to domestic violence was linked to magnified effects regarding these best friendship qualities. Average effect sizes for domestic violence (d = .31), parental divorce (d = .18), and the interaction between domestic abuse and divorce (d = .85) pointed to mild to modest links between these stressors and best friendship qualities. These results emphasized the benefits of interaction analysis in attempts to predict the adverse effects of developmental stressors on late psychological functioning.
Recognition memory and awareness: A large effect of study-test modalities on "know" responses following a highly perceptual orienting task

Abstract Two experiments investigated the effects of varying the correspondence between presentation and test modes on states of conscious awareness in recognition memory. Experiment 1 used visual test items and showed that auditory and visual study modes differentially affected recollective experience and feelings of familiarity assessed by “remember” and “know” responses accompanying recognition: “know” responses were slightly enhanced following visual presentation, but this was largely offset by a similarly small increase in “remember” responses. Experiment 2 employed conditions designed to maximise any effect on “know” responses of the correspondence between presentation and test modes by using a highly perceptual orienting task at study. Under these conditions, there was a large mode correspondence effect on “know” responses. The results support the idea that “know” responses are particularly sensitive to perceptual factors.
Reconstructing scale: Towards a new scalar politics

In recent years, the dominant political-economic approach to scale has been subject to critique from poststructuralist perspectives. In this paper, I argue that the charge of ‘reification’ has been accepted too readily, masking areas of conceptual overlap between political-economic and poststructural approaches, particularly in terms of their shared concern with the construction of scale. On this basis, I propose to replace the established concept of ‘the politics of scale’ with ‘scalar politics’, arguing that it is often not scale per se that is the prime object of contention, but rather specific processes and institutionalized practices that are themselves differentially scaled.
Immunophenotyping of Posttraumatic Neutrophils on a Routine Haematology Analyser

Introduction. Flow cytometry markers have been proposed as useful predictors for the occurrence of posttraumatic inflammatory complications. However, currently the need for a dedicated laboratory and the labour-intensive analytical procedures make these markers less suitable for clinical practice. We tested an approach to overcome these limitations. Material and Methods. Neutrophils of healthy donors were incubated with antibodies commonly used in trauma research: CD11b (MAC-1), L-selectin (CD62L), FcγRIII (CD16), and FcγRII (CD32) in active form (MoPhab A27). Flow cytometric analysis was performed both on a FACSCalibur, a standard flow cytometer, and on a Cell-Dyn Sapphire, a routine haematology analyser. Results. There was a high level of agreement between the two types of analysers, with 41% for FcγRIII, 80% for L-selectin, 98% for CD11b, and even a 100% agreement for active FcγRII. Moreover, analysis on the routine haematology analyser was possible in less than a quarter of the time in comparison to the flow cytometer. Conclusion. Analysis of neutrophil phenotype on the Cell-Dyn Sapphire leads to the same conclusion compared to a standard flow cytometer. The markedly reduced time necessary for analysis and reduced labour intensity constitutes a step forward in implementation of this type of analysis in clinical diagnostics in trauma research.
A comparative study of topic identification on newspaper and e-mail

This work presents several statistical methods for topic identification on two kinds of textual data: newspaper articles and e-mails. Five methods are tested on these two corpora: topic unigrams, cache model, TFIDF classijier, topic peqdexity, and weighted model. Our work aims to study these methods by confronting them to very diferent data. This study is very fruitful for our research. Statistical topic identiJication methods depend not only on a corpus, but also on its type. One of the methods achieves a topic identiJcation of 80% on a general newspaper corpus but does not exceed 30% on e-mail corpus. Another method gives the best result on e-mails, but has not the same behavior on a newspaper corpus. We also show in this paper that almost all our methods achieve good results in retrieving the first two manually annotated labels.
Gatekeepers or facilitators: the influence of teacher habitus on students’ applications to elite universities

Low application rates of state school students to elite universities have been identified as a factor in their limited participation in elite universities. This article explores the role of teachers in state schools and colleges in guiding higher education (HE) choice. Drawing on qualitative research with teachers and students in six institutions, we identify differential practices that corroborate explanations of an ‘institutional habitus’ shaping students’ likely pathways to HE. However, we suggest that attention is paid to teacher habitus, demonstrating how teachers’ political and ethical dispositions as well as their social capital are potential factors shaping students’ decision‐making about HE, and elite university applications in particular.
Slightly Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) Concentrations Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Women With Varying Degrees of Glucose Tolerance

We examined whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥2.0 mg/L was associated with increased intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque burden, and plaque echolucency in carotid arteries. Women (n = 635) from a population sample of 64-year-old females with varying degrees of glucose tolerance underwent risk factor assessment, measurement of hsCRP, and ultrasound examinations of the carotid arteries. Participants with hsCRP levels ≥2.0 mg/L had elevated carotid bulb IMT independently of other cardiovascular risk factors compared with those with hsCRP <2.0 mg/L. The participants with plaques in the highhsCRP group had larger total plaque area compared to those with plaque in the lower hsCRP group. Plaque echolucency did not differ between groups. High-sensitivity CRP levels ≥2.0 mg/L were accompanied by elevated IMT in the carotid bulbs independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. Total plaque area was larger among women with plaques in the high hsCRP group versus the lower hsCRP group.
Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales)

The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (England and Wales) modified suspects' right to silence during police questioning and required a new police caution. The current 37-word caution was introduced after it was found that a proposed 60-word draft version was too complex. The results of the present study show that, although more succinct, the current caution is no easier to explain. Even under optimal conditions, when the participants could focus on each sentence in turn, only 1 in 10 of the general population (n=15), 6 in 10 of A-level students preparing for university (n=72) and 9 in 10 police officers (n=21) demonstrated their understanding by explaining all three sentences correctly. For all groups, the difficulties were more marked when the caution was presented in its entirety, as would happen in real life. The complexity of the caution has serious implications for suspects in police detention. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The RGS2 (-391, C>G) Genetic Variation Correlates to Antihypertensive Drug Responses in Chinese Patients with Essential Hypertension

Objective Regulators of G-protein signaling protein 2 (RGS2) play an irreplaceable role in the control of normal blood pressure (BP). One RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic variation markedly changes its mRNA expression levels. This study explored the relationship between this genetic variation and the responses to antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. Methods Genetic variations of RGS2 were successfully identified in 367 specimens using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays. All patients were treated with conventional doses of antihypertensives after a 2-week run-in period and followed-up according to our protocol. A general linear model multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the data analysis. Results A significant difference in the mean systolic BP change was observed between RGS2 (-391, C>G) CC/CG (n = 82) and GG (n = 38) genotype carriers (-13.6 vs. -19.9 mmHg, P = 0.043) who were treated with candesartan, irbesartan or imidapril at the end of 6 weeks. In addition, the patients’ BP responses to α,β-adrenergic receptor blockers exhibited an age-specific association with the RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic variation at the end of 4 weeks. Conclusion The RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic polymorphism may serve as a biomarker to predict a patient’s response to antihypertensive drug therapy, but future studies need to confirm this.
Differential Activation of Guinea Pig Intrinsic Cardiac Neurons by the PAC1 Agonists Maxadilan and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide 27 (PACAP27)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) evokes tachycardia followed by a larger cholinergic bradycardia in isolated guinea pig hearts. We used the selective PAC1 receptor agonist maxadilan and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to test the hypothesis that PACAP27-evoked tachycardia and bradycardia are mediated by VPAC and PAC1 receptors, respectively. Chronotropic actions of these peptides were evaluated in isolated perfused hearts. Direct neuronal actions were determined by intracellular voltage recordings from cholinergic neurons in atrial ganglion whole mounts. Administration of 1 nmol of PACAP27 to isolated hearts evoked typical biphasic rate responses, whereas 1 nmol of maxadilan caused only a minor rate decrease. Desensitization with VIP eliminated the positive chronotropic effect of PACAP27 selectively. Local application of PACAP27 to cardiac neurons frequently evoked slow depolarization and caused prolonged increase of neuronal excitability. Maxadilan rarely affected membrane potential but consistently increased excitability. VIP had no effect on excitability and evoked depolarization in only a few neurons. Because maxadilan increased neuronal excitability but did not trigger action potentials as PACAP often does, we evaluated the interaction of maxadilan with substance P (SP) in isolated hearts. SP depolarizes cardiac neurons more consistently than PACAP, often triggers neuronal action potentials, and causes bradycardia but does not increase neuronal excitability. Maxadilan had a persistent effect to augment negative chronotropic responses to SP. These findings support our hypothesis that PACAP evokes tachycardia and bradycardia through VPAC and PAC1 receptors, respectively. They also suggest that maxadilan and PACAP27 differ in activating PAC1 receptors on cardiac neurons and/or stimulating downstream signaling mechanisms.
New Voices in Academia? The Regulative Nature of Academic Writing Conventions

The opening up of higher education in Britain to groups previously excluded means that there is currently an opportunity for new voices to be heard in academia. However, the process whereby dominant academic linguistic conventions and practices mediate such voices is highly problematic, tending to constrain rather than open up the possibilities for meaning making. This paper examines specific instances in the struggle to make meaning in academic writing of a group of black bilingual women. Using case study material I focus firstly on the process whereby practices surrounding dominant conventions exclude them from participating in the liberal-conservative education project of higher education as currently organised in Britain. Secondly, I explore how such conventions constrain what they can say in their academic writing and thus how their voices are regulated. This involves examining how conventions regulate what they can say, how they can say it and who they can be. I conclude that there is a need to list.