Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPLICATIONS OF THE THEORIES OF COMPLEXITY FOR THE CO-EVOLUTION OF THE BUSINESS PROCESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

The LSE project is one of 28 projects in several UK Universities, funded by the EPSRC, under the Systems Engineering for Business Process Change (SEBPC) Programme. This is the second award under this Programme made to the LSE Complexity Group. The first was for a one-year preliminary study, which helped to identify the business partners and the specific research questions for the current three-year study, which started in October 1998. The importance of the LSE project is that it focussed on the relationship between the changing business process and information systems development, when most of the other 28 projects concentrated either on the evolution of technology from a software engineering or computer science perspective or on the business aspect. Its other main contribution is that it used complexity as the theoretical framework (a) for the study of that relationship; (b) to gain an understanding of the nature of change in organisations; (c) the development of a methodology; and (d) the exploration of models. In addition, the project provided a practical application to test the developing theory of complex social systems.
Introduction: the “vectors” of Chinese history

ABSTRACT This issue contains essays by the important Japanese sinologist and intellectual historian, Mizoguchi Yūzō (1932–2010). Born in Nagoya, he studied in the literature department in Tokyo University and then went to graduate school in Nagoya University. He was a student of Iriya Yoshitaka, the famous sinologist. Mizoguchi has taught at Saitama University, Hitotsubashi University and Tokyo University. He was also a Distinguished Professor at Tokyo University. Mizoguchi Yūzō left a number of important works throughout his life. The selection is unable to provide a complete picture of Mizoguchi’s ideas about the principle of Chinese history, but it provides an entry point for English readers to understand Mizoguchi’s work. In this introduction, we attempt to bring out certain key ideas of Mizoguchi’s writings and discuss his historical and theoretical significance.
A study of the neglected Galactic H II region NGC 2579 and its companion ESO 370-9

Context. The Galactic H ii region NGC 2579 has stayed undeservedly unexplored due to identification problems which persisted until recently. Both NGC 2579 and its companion ESO 370-9 have been misclassified as planetary or reflection nebula, confused with each other and with other objects. Due to its high surface brightness, high excitation, angular size of few arcminutes and relatively low interstellar extinction, NGC 2579 is an ideal object for investigations in the optical range. Located in the outer Galaxy, NGC 2579 is an excellent object for studying the Galactic chemical abundance gradients. Aims. To present the first comprehensive observational study on the nebular and stellar properties of NGC 2579 and ESO 370-9, including the determination of electron temperature, density structure, chemical composition, kinematics, distance, and the identification and spectral classification of the ionizing stars, and to discuss the nature of ESO 370-9. Methods. Long slit spectrophotometric data in the optical range were used to derive the nebular electron temperature, density and chemical abundances and for the spectral classification of the ionizing star candidates. Hα and UBV CCD photometry was carried out to derive stellar distances from spectroscopic parallax and to measure the ionizing photon flux. Results. The chemical abundances of He, N, O, Ne, S, Cl, and Ar were obtained. Maps of electron density and radial velocity with a spatial resolution of 5 �� × 5 �� were composed from long slit spectra taken at different declinations. Three O stars classified as O5 V, O6.5 V, and O8 V were found responsible for the ionization of NGC 2579, while ESO 370-9 is ionized by a single O8.5 V star. The
Dynamical Masses of the Binary Brown Dwarf GJ 569 Bab

We have obtained new images and high-resolution (R ~ 22,400) near-infrared (1.2400-1.2575 μm) spectra of each component of the brown dwarf binary GJ 569 Bab using the adaptive optics facility of the Keck II telescope and the NIRSPEC spectrometer. These data have allowed us to improve the determination of the astrometric orbit and to measure radial velocities of the components. We have used the astrometric and spectroscopic measurements to derive the dynamical mass of each brown dwarf and the systemic velocity of the pair by means of a χ2 fitting technique. From various considerations, the mass of each component is likely in the range 0.034-0.070 M☉ (GJ 569 Bb) and 0.055-0.087 M☉ (GJ 569 Ba). This implies that the mass ratio q of the binary is greater than 0.4, the most likely value being q = 0.75-0.85. Adopting 0.072 M☉ as the most conservative location of the substellar limit for solar metallicity, our analysis confirms GJ 569 Bb as the first genuine brown dwarf known without any theoretical assumptions. We have compared the dynamical masses of GJ 569 Ba and Bb, and their effective temperatures and luminosities, to the predictions of state-of-the-art theoretical evolutionary isochrones, finding that models exhibit good performance in the regime of high substellar masses if the binary is about a few hundred million years old. However, the surface gravities of GJ 569 Ba (M8.5 V) and Bb (M9 V) derived from our spectral analysis (the observed data have been compared to the latest synthetic spectra) appear to be smaller than the values provided by the evolutionary models.
Differential Effects on ERP Post-Adoption Stages across Scandinavian and Iberian SMEs1

Enterprise resource planning ERP post-adoption stages use and value and small and medium enterprises SME are of high interest among both academics and practitioners. Grounded in the diffusion of innovation theory to explain ERP use and resource-based view theory to explain ERP value the authors postulate that use is an important link to value. The authors propose and test a model using a unique dataset of 883 SMEs from Scandinavia and Iberia. Whereas for both regions, competitive pressure, efficiency, and best-practices are important factors to use ERP, analytics and collaboration are important factors for ERP value. Whereas complexity and training are not relevant for ERP use among Scandinavian SMEs, they are facilitators for Iberian firms. This is an empirical theoretically grounded research studying ERP use and value among SMEs across two distinct European regions, thus adding an international dimension to the IS literature, as well moving beyond dichotomous "adoption versus non-adoption".
Neighborhood Inequalities and the Long–Term Impact of Foreclosures: Evidence from the Los Angeles–Inland Empire Region

It is well documented that the foreclosure crisis was experienced unevenly in metropolitan regions nationwide. Yet it is still unclear how the long–term impacts of the foreclosure crisis manifested within the American metropolis. This paper identifies where the long–term negative impacts of the housing crisis were most acute by locating where foreclosed (REO) properties were more likely to remain vacant in the Los Angeles–Inland Empire area, a highly diverse region with high foreclosure rates. Foreclosure vacancies were concentrated in neighborhoods with larger Black and Latino populations, in older urban and inner–ring suburban neighborhoods, and in poorer neighborhoods with poorly performing schools. These patterns illuminate the enduring and emerging sociospatial inequalities that contribute to contemporary neighborhood decline and will likely shape the Los Angeles region's future, further solidifying longstanding neighborhood and other social inequalities.
An updated survey of globular clusters in M 31 I. Classification and radial velocity for 76 candidate clusters

Aims. We present the first results of a large spectroscopic survey of globular clusters and candidate globular clusters in the nearby M 31 galaxy. The survey is aimed at the classification of known candidate M 31 clusters and at the study of their kinematic properties. Methods. We obtained low-resolution spectroscopy (λ/∆λ � 800 − 1300) for 133 targets, including 76 yet-to-be-confirmed candidate clusters (i.e. with no previous spectroscopic information), 55 already-confirmed genuine M 31 clusters, and 2 uncertain candidates. Our observations allowed a reliable estimate of the target radial velocity, within a typical accuracy of ∼±20 km s −1 . The observed candidates have been robustly classified according to their radial velocity and shape parameters that allowed us to confidently discriminate between point sources and extended objects even from low-spatial-resolution imagery. Results. In our set of 76 candidate clusters we found: 42 newly-confirmed bona-fide M 31 clusters, 12 background galaxies, 17 foreground Galactic stars, 2 Hii regions belonging to M 31 and 3 unclassified (possibly M 31 clusters or foreground stars) objects. The classification of a few other candidates not included in our survey has been also reassessed on various observational bases. All the sources of radial velocity estimates for M 31 known globular clusters available in the literature have been compared and checked, and a homogeneous general list has been obtained for 349 confirmed clusters with radial velocity. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a significant number of genuine clusters (100) is still hidden among the plethora of known candidates proposed by various authors. Hence our knowledge of the globular cluster system of the M 31 galaxy is still far from complete even in terms of simple membership.
Evolutionary Processes of Diversification in a Model Island Archipelago

Long celebrated for its spectacular landscapes and strikingly high levels of endemic biodiversity, the Philippines has been studied intensively by biogeographers for two centuries. Concentration of so many endemic land vertebrates into a small area and shared patterns of distribution in many unrelated forms has inspired a search for common mechanisms of production, partitioning, and maintenance of life in the archipelago. In this review, we (a) characterize an ongoing renaissance of species discovery, (b) discuss the changing way biogeographers conceive of the archipelago, (c) review the role molecular phylogenetic studies play in understanding the evolutionary history of Philippine vertebrates, and (d) describe how a 25-year Pleistocene island connectivity paradigm continues to provide some explanatory power, but has been augmented by increased understanding of the archipelago's geological history and ecological gradients. Finally, we (e) review new insights provided by studies of adaptive versus nonadap.
The Effect of Network Realism on Community Detection Algorithms

Community detection consists in searching cohesive subgroups in complex networks. It has recently become one of the domain pivotal questions for scientists in many different fields where networks are used as modeling tools. Algorithms performing community detection are usually tested on real, but also on artificial networks, the former being costly and difficult to obtain. In this context, being able to generate networks with realistic properties is crucial for the reliability of the tests. Recently, Lancichinetti et al. [1] designed a method to produce realistic networks, with a community structure and power law distributed degrees and community sizes. However, other realistic properties such as degree correlation and transitivity are missing. In this work, we propose a modification of their approach, based on the preferential attachment model, in order to remedy this limitation. We analyze the properties of the generated networks and compare them to the original approach. We then apply different community detection algorithms and observe significant changes in their performances when compared to results on networks generated with the original approach.
Changing capabilities, uncertainty, and the risk of war in crisis bargaining

Understanding how changes to war-fighting technology influence the probability of war is central to security studies. Yet the effects of changes in the distribution of power are not obvious. All else equal, increasing a country’s power makes it more aggressive when making demands or more resistant to accepting offers, but all else is not equal. Changes in power influence the behavior of both countries and can generate countervailing incentives. In this note we characterize the conditions relating changes in war payoffs to changes in the probability of bargaining failure and war. For a variety of cases the strategic effects can be entirely offsetting and no change in the probability of war results from changes in the balance of power, a result sometimes called neutrality. When this neutralization does not occur, interesting and sometimes surprising effects can persist. For example, if countries are risk averse and neutrality fails, then supporting the weaker country can reduce the probability of war rather than make war more likely, even though the weaker side will now make higher demands and reject more proposals in favor of war.
The need for affect: individual differences in the motivation to approach or avoid emotions.

The present research developed and tested a new individual-difference measure of the need for affect, which is the motivation to approach or avoid emotion-inducing situations. The first phase of the research developed the need for affect scale. The second phase revealed that the need for affect is related to a number of individual differences in cognitive processes (e.g., need for cognition, need for closure), emotional processes (e.g., affect intensity, repression-sensitization), behavioral inhibition and activation (e.g., sensation seeking), and aspects of personality (Big Five dimensions) in the expected directions, while not being redundant with them. The third phase of the research indicated that, compared to people low in the need for affect, people high in the need for affect are more likely to (a) possess extreme attitudes across a variety of issues, (b) choose to view emotional movies, and (c) become involved in an emotion-inducing event (the death of Princess Diana). Overall, the results indicate that the need for affect is an important construct in understanding emotion-related processes.
Ontogenesis of olivocerebellar relationships. I. Studies by intracellular recordings of the multiple innervation of Purkinje cells by climbing fibers in the developing rat cerebellum

The establishment of the adult innervation of Purkinje cells (PCs) by climbing fibers (CFs) was studied in the cerebellar vermis of the developing rat. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in PCs by activation of the climbing fibers (CF-EPSPs) were recorded intracellularly from a total of 310 cells in young rats aged from 3 to 15 postnatal days. The CF system was activated by electrical stimulation of either the inferior olive (IO) nucleus or the region near the fastigial nucleus (juxtafastigial or JF stimulation). A given PC at each age was considered to be innervated by more than one CF when the amplitude of the spontaneous or evoked CF-EPSPs fluctuated in a stepwise manner. On the other hand, innervation of a PC by a single CF was established on the basis of the all-or-none character of CF-EPSPs. Two parameters were followed throughout development, the percentage of multiply innervated PCs and the mean number of steps in the evoked CF- EPSPs. The data presented confirm the transient multiple innervation of PCs by CFS on postnatal days 8 and 9 (Crepel, F., J. Mariani, and N. Delhaye-Bouchaud (1976) J. Neurobiol. 7: 567–578) and strongly suggest its existence at earlier stages (from postnatal day 3). Moreover, it is shown that the multiple innervation was maximal on postnatal day 5 and then decreased until the innervation by a single CF was established on day 15.
A Protective Role of Locally Administered Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide in a Mouse Model of Genital Herpes Infection

ABSTRACT Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are known as potent activators of the immune system and inducers of several Th1-associated immunomodulatory cytokines. We therefore investigated whether such a CpG-containing ODN (CpG ODN) given mucosally in the female genital tract could enhance innate immunity and protect against genital herpes infection. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were treated intravaginally with either CpG ODN or a non-CpG ODN control in the absence of any antigen either 2 days before or 4 h after an intravaginal challenge with a normally lethal dose of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Mice treated with CpG ODN exhibited significantly decreased titers of HSV-2 in their vaginal fluids compared with non-CpG ODN-treated mice. Furthermore, CpG ODN pretreatment significantly protected against development of disease and death compared to non-CpG ODN pretreatment. Most strikingly, CpG ODN conferred protection against disease and death even when given after the viral challenge. The CpG ODN-induced protection was associated with a rapid production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and RANTES in the genital tract mucosa following CpG ODN treatment. The observed protection appeared to be dependent on IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-18, and T cells, as CpG ODN pretreatment did not confer any significant protection in mice deficient in IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-18, or T cells. Further, a complete protective immunity to reinfection was elicited in CpG ODN-treated, HSV-2-challenged mice, suggesting a role for mucosally administered CpG ODN in inducing the development of an acquired immune response in addition to its potent stimulation of innate immunity.
Gender and the “Laws of Migration”

Ernest George Ravenstein’s influential “laws of migration” argued that short-distance and within-country moves were typically dominated by women. We use census microdata to take a fresh look at the relationship between gender and internal migration in late nineteenth-century Europe and North America. We argue that there was a significant flaw in Ravenstein’s key finding on gender and that this flaw has implications for more recent scholarship of the long-term “feminization of migration. ” The apparent overrepresentation of women among internal migrants was due not to their higher propensity to move but to the much higher rate at which male migrants left the population, through either death or emigration. Men were just as likely to make internal moves as women were; the difference was that men did not remain in the population to be counted when the decennial census was conducted. Like Ravenstein’s “laws of migration,” this article relies primarily on data from the 1881 census of England and Wales. Whereas Ravenstein’s work was constrained by the contents of tables published by the UK Census Office in the 1880s, we are able to ask new questions by analyzing individual-level data files recently made available by the North Atlantic Population Project.
Suppressing behaviour related to discomfort induced with a cold pressure task does not influence working memory capacity in a 2-back task.

The study aims to examine the impact of Expressive Suppression (ES), on Working Memory (WM) performance when exposed to mild pain reaction causing physiological activation. Performance measures are obtained to discriminate between three groups having their hands in warm water, cold water, and cold water and implementing ES. As a measure of WM performance, this study used a WM 2-back task interspersed with emotionally positive, negative and neutral faces. This study predicted the detrimental effect in WM performance when implementing ES, in line with previous studies suggesting that suppressing behaviour is cognitively effortful (Richards and Gross, 2000). However, in contrast to our predictions, our results indicate no trade off in accuracy measures processing information in the 2-back task while simultaneously implementing ES. In addition, subjective ratings using the SAM-scale (Bradley & Lang, 1994) were gathered and the discomfort-related behavioural data rated by an independent group of students. The SAM-scale data suggest that being exposed to cold water CPT evoked less positive affect but not when implementing ES on CPT. Objective ratings suggest that there was a difference in participants behaviour and that implementing ES resulted in lower dispositional behaviour. Qualitative results also contribute to our understanding of the impact ES has on WM, even though they can be questioned. Therefore alternative explanations are discussed and manipulation implementation is questioned.
This Is Only a Test? Long-Run and Intergenerational Impacts of Prenatal Exposure to Radioactive Fallout

Abstract We examine the effect of radiation exposure in utero, resulting from nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s and early 1960s, on long-run outcomes of Norwegian children. Exposure to low-dose radiation, specifically during months 3 and 4 in utero, leads to lower IQ scores for men and lower education attainment and earnings among men and women. Children of persons affected in utero also have lower cognitive scores, suggesting a persistent intergenerational effect of the shock to endowments. Given the lack of awareness about nuclear testing in Norway at this time, our estimates are likely unaffected by avoidance behavior or stress effects.
Attachment Styles and Nightmares in Adults

A number of different causes have been discussed with respect to the etiology or treatment of nightmares. Among them, however, relatively little attention has been given to early developing emotional factors, like attachment. Previous results hint to a relationship between nightmare frequency and attachment style. The present study thus served to further substantiate this observation by investigating the relationship between attachment styles and nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. Results reveal that subjects with insecure attachment styles report more nightmares and more nightmare distress than those with a secure attachment style. In particular, among the insecure attachment styles, the fearful attachment style is most prone to higher nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. The results indicate that among personality factors and current stressors, attachment styles may also affect nightmares.
Design of a Probability Density Function Targeting Energy-Efficient Node Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks the issue of preserving energy requires utmost attention. One primary way of conserving energy is judicious deployment of sensor nodes within the network area so that the energy flow remains balanced throughout the network and prevents the problem of occurrence of energy holes. Firstly, we have analyzed network lifetime, found node density as the parameter which has significant influence on network lifetime and derived the desired parameter values for balanced energy consumption. Then to meet the requirement of energy balancing, we have proposed a probability density function (PDF), derived the PDF's intrinsic characteristics and shown its suitability to model the network architecture considered for the work. A node deployment algorithm is also developed based on this PDF. Performance of the deployment scheme is evaluated in terms of coverage-connectivity, energy balance and network lifetime. In qualitative analysis, we have shown the extent to which our proposed PDF has been able to provide desired node density derived from the analysis on network lifetime. Finally, the scheme is compared with three existing deployment schemes based on various distributions. Simulation results confirm our scheme's supremacy over all the existing schemes in terms of all the three performance metrics.