Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Mixed Emotions Peacefully Coexist?

This research sheds insight on the psychological impact of mixed emotions on attitudes. In three experiments, we show that persuasion appeals that highlight conflicting emotions (e.g., both happiness and sadness) lead to less favorable attitudes for individuals with a lower propensity to accept duality (e.g., Anglo Americans, younger adults) relative to those with a higher propensity (e.g., Asian Americans, older adults). The effect appears to be due to increased levels of felt discomfort that arise for those with a lower, but not higher, propensity to accept duality when exposed to mixed emotional appeals. Theoretical implications regarding boundary conditions of emotional dissonance and distinctions between emotional and cognitive dissonance are discussed.
Integrative review of social presence in distance education: Issues and challenges

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the evolution of social presence research in the field of distance education and identified problems in investigating this construct. The researchers took an integrative review on existing social presence studies to answer three questions: (a) How definitions of social presence evolved since its establishment (b) How research focus shifted (c) What problems exist in social presence measurement. A total of 189 empirical studies in the area of distance education from 1976 to 2013 were selected and reviewed. The results of the study suggested that social presence was still illusive and difficult to define. Moreover, because of its ambiguity, many doubts and problems were identified in measuring social presence. Lastly, this review specified the limitations of similar studies, and provided guidance for future investigations. Key words: Integrative review, social presence, learning environment.
Cognitive Work Developed By Students: From the Importance to the Promotion

The task of promoting cognitive work is a school’s most important task. Recent research, carried out in OECD countries, concluded that the differences between developing countries and developed countries in terms of educational policies should no longer be attributed to the number of years of compulsory schooling, but rather to suitable attention paid to the development of cognitive competences. However, learning situations and tasks distributed to the learners are not always sufficiently clear about the cognitive competences that they promote nor do they promote meta-knowledge within their procedures, which literature correlates to higher levels of school effectiveness; Thus, the present study seeks to explore how school subjects such as history and natural sciences develop curricular tasks that promote the development of cognitive competences. Research data come from 43 reports gathered from 43 history or natural science classes. The study concluded that there is a remarkable difference between the values obtained in the dimension of the importance of the studied tasks and the planned occasions for their implementation and evaluation.
Rigid wages and flexible labour ? Firm-level evidence based on productivity for Belgium

Based on firm-level data for Belgium over the period 1997-2005, we evaluate the elasticity of labour and average real wage per firm to microeconomic total factor productivity (TFP). We find that the elasticity of wages with respect to TFP is rather low. Our results suggest that sector-level collective bargaining in Belgium leaves limited margin for adjustment of real wages to firm-specific shocks. Next, we report evidence of a positive relationship between hours and technology. Finally, our finding of sluggish wage response in the services sector can be related to the observed higher price stickiness for services than for other goods.
Urinary tract infection during pregnancy: a risk factor for cerebral palsy?

OBJECTIVE To assess a possible association of urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy and cerebral palsy in offspring. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a case-control study using structured telephone interviews and birth certificate reviews. SETTING Cases from community-based agencies providing services to preschool children who were developmentally delayed. PARTICIPANTS One hundred twelve preschool children with cerebral palsy and 153 children without cerebral palsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk for cerebral palsy. RESULTS The prevalence of UTI among case mothers was 17.9% compared with 5.2% among control mothers. The crude odds ratio for risk of cerebral palsy for a mother with a UTI was 3.9, whereas the adjusted odds ratio was approximately 5, indicating that the risk of having a child with cerebral palsy was 4 to 5 times greater for mothers who had a UTI during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection during pregnancy was found to be a risk factor for development of cerebral palsy in offspring. Assessment for UTI should occur at the initial prenatal visit and more frequently for women with symptoms or who are at risk. Pregnant women should be educated about preventive measures for UTI. Future research is needed to assess more directly the relationship between UTI during pregnancy and cerebral palsy in offspring.
[The role of connexin 43 gene in acupuncture analgesia].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible relationship between the analgesic effect of acupuncture and connexin 43. METHODS Connexin 43 gene knock-out mice were divided into 4 groups: a wide type (WT) control group, a WT acupuncture group, a heterozygous (HT) control group and HT acupuncture group. Hot-plate test and writhing response induced by acetic acid were used for investigating the analgesic effect of acupuncture. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the basic pain threshold value between HT and WT mice (P > 0.05). Acupuncture could significantly increase the pain threshold value, prolong the latency period of writhing body and decrease the number of writhing body as compared with pre-acupuncture in WT and HT mice (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The pain threshold, latency period of writhing and number of writhing body in HT mice were less than WT mice post-acupuncture (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Connexin 43 gene knock-out might partially inhibit the analgesic effect of acupuncture, suggesting that connexin 43 is possibly related with meridians and the effect of acupuncture.
Influences on current mood of eliciting life-satisfaction judgments

Subjective well-being (SWB) has attracted a plethora of cross-disciplinary research in recent years. As measured in this research, SWB includes a cognitive and an affective component. We hypothesize that eliciting the cognitive component by means of life-satisfaction judgments activates thoughts about positive and negative life circumstances that influence the affective component (current mood or memory of the frequency of past positive and negative affects). Experiment 1 demonstrates an expected asymmetrical carryover effect in that current mood correlates higher with life-satisfaction judgments performed before than after the measurements of current mood. In Experiment 2, it is found that inducing current mood by means of rewarding performance does not influence the life-satisfaction judgments. In contrast and consistent with Experiment 1, Experiment 3 shows such an influence when current mood is induced by thinking about positive and negative life circumstances.
Managing Infrastructure Projects in Australia

Public private partnerships (PPPs) have evolved as a strategic response to public sector resource deficits and for pooling technical, managerial, and financial resources from the private sector. In this article, we identify the key factors necessary for a collaborative management strategy and analyze the structural and operational issues of two infrastructure projects in Australia. This article explains how a PPP offers a different set of strategic options to deal with complex micromanagement issues and argues that the success of PPPs depends on the processes and actions used to cocreate managerial social capital, building mutual trust by sharing risks, responsibilities, and experience.
Improved Statistical Machine Translation by Multiple Chinese Word Segmentation

Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is a necessary step in Chinese-English statistical machine translation (SMT) and its performance has an impact on the results of SMT. However, there are many settings involved in creating a CWS system such as various specifications and CWS methods. This paper investigates the effect of these settings to SMT. We tested dictionary-based and CRF-based approaches and found there was no significant difference between the two in the qualty of the resulting translations. We also found the correlation between the CWS F-score and SMT BLEU score was very weak. This paper also proposes two methods of combining advantages of different specifications: a simple concatenation of training data and a feature interpolation approach in which the same types of features of translation models from various CWS schemes are linearly interpolated. We found these approaches were very effective in improving quality of translations.
Comprehension of reversible active and passive sentences in agrammatism

Agrammatism is a language disorder characterised by a morphological and/or syntactic deficit in spontaneous speech. Such deficits are usually associated with comprehension disorders - though it is said that this is not always the case - which result in a certain degree of variability in syntactic, lexical, and morpholexical performance. The purpose of this study is to reconsider the nature of comprehension disorders in agrammatism, to test whether Grodzinsky's Trace Deletion Hypothesis (TDH) can be generalised to all agrammatic patients, and to ascertain whether the pattern of impairment observed in agrammatism differs from that present in fluent aphasic patients. Eleven agrammatic patients were tested by means of a sentence comprehension task comprising simple active and passive reversible sentences. The performance of the agrammatic patients was compared to that of 16 fluent aphasic (10 Wernicke's and 6 conduction) and 10 control subjects. The deficits observed in the agrammatic subjects were compatible with the TDH, but there was also impaired processing of pronouns (elements that are also subject to movement) and a mild deficit on the processing of simple active sentences. The fluent aphasic patients showed a similar pattern of impairment. A logistic regression analysis was then applied to each single case separately, in order to study the homogeneity of the patients' performance within each aphasic subgroup. Of the 11 agrammatic patients, 3 did not show comprehension disorders, 5 had a specific deficit for passive movement, 1 a lexical deficit for pronouns only, and 1 a pattern of impairment compatible with Linebarger et al.'s trade-off theory. The last patient showed a deficit for simple active reversible sentences compatible with damage to the mapping of grammatical functions to thematic roles. Similar patterns of impairment were also found in the fluent aphasic sample. Overall, the results lead to the conclusion that the TDH cannot be generalised to all agrammatic patients, that the mechanism it invokes is not the only source responsible for agrammatic comprehension disorders and also contributes to comprehension disorders in fluent aphasic patients.
Cloning and characterization of the Xenopus cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27XIC1.

We have isolated a gene encoding Xic-1, a 27-kDa cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor from Xenopus ovary that shares significant homology with both mammalian CIP1 and Kip1/Kip2. The N- and C-terminal halves of Xic-1 are sufficient for interacting with Cdks and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, respectively. Recombinant Xic-1 inhibits Xenopus cyclin E/Cdk2, cyclin A/Cdk2 and cyclin B/Cdc2 activities, although with quite different IC50 values. Truncation of the N terminus of Xic-1 increases the IC50 value for cyclin A/Cdk2 50-fold with no effect on the inhibition of cyclin E/Cdk2 or cyclin B/Cdc2.Xic-1 inhibits both single-stranded and nuclear DNA synthesis in egg extracts, an effect reversed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen or cyclin E/Cdk2, respectively. These results suggest a function for Xic-1 in the control of DNA synthesis by cyclin E/Cdk2.
It Takes a Tragedy to Arouse Them: Collective Memory and Collective Action during the Civil Rights Movement

This paper examines the impact that collective memories of key events related to the civil rights movement had on black political activism during the 1960s. It proposes a theory that examines the effects of collective memory on collective action by considering how events and collective memories are appropriated by political entrepreneurs for collective action. Examining four events through a rare opinion survey of blacks taken in 1966, the analysis specifies a framework that illustrates how events evolve into collective memories and how collective memories are appropriated for collective action as time passes from the original event. Qualitative materials from historical accounts, including autobiographies, biographies, and oral histories, are used to make inferences about the meaning of events to political actors. The analysis shows that one event among the four, the murder of Emmett Till, had a stronger residual effect on black activism than the other events. The findings suggest that scholarship on the movement may have underestimated the impact of Till's murder on the generation of black insurgency in the 1950s.
Quality of life, morbidity, and mortality after low trauma hip fracture in men

Background: Osteoporotic hip fractures have been extensively studied in women, but they have been relatively ignored in men. Objective: To study the mortality, morbidity, and impact on health related quality of life of male hip fractures. Methods: 100 consecutive men aged 50 years and over, with incident low trauma hip fracture, admitted to Royal Cornwall Hospital, UK during 1995–97, were studied. 100 controls were recruited from a nearby general practice. Mortality and morbidity, including health status assessed using the SF-36, were evaluated over a 2 year follow up period. Results: Survival after 2 years was 37% in fracture cases compared with 88% in controls (log rank test 62.6, df = 1, p = 0.0001). In the first year 45 patients died but only one control. By 2 years 58 patients but only 8 controls had died. Patients with hip fracture died from various causes, the most common being bronchopneumonia (21 cases), heart failure (9 cases), and ischaemic heart disease (8 cases). Factors associated with increased mortality after hip fracture included older age, residence before fracture in a nursing or residential home, presence of comorbid diseases, and poor functional activity before fracture. Patients with fracture were often disabled with poor quality of life. By 24 months 7 patients could not walk, 12 required residential accommodation, and the mean SF-36 physical summary score was 1.7SD below the normal standards. Conclusions: Low trauma hip fracture in men is associated with a significant increase in mortality and morbidity. Impaired function before fracture is a key determinant of mortality after fracture.
Automatic Software Diversity in the Light of Test Suites

A few works address the challenge of automating software diversification, and they all share one core idea: using automated test suites to drive diversification. However, there is is lack of solid understanding of how test suites, programs and transformations interact one with another in this process. We explore this intricate interplay in the context of a specific diversification technique called "sosiefication". Sosiefication generates sosie programs, i.e., variants of a program in which some statements are deleted, added or replaced but still pass the test suite of the original program. Our investigation of the influence of test suites on sosiefication exploits the following observation: test suites cover the different regions of programs in very unequal ways. Hence, we hypothesize that sosie synthesis has different performances on a statement that is covered by one hundred test case and on a statement that is covered by a single test case. We synthesize 24583 sosies on 6 popular open-source Java programs. Our results show that there are two dimensions for diversification. The first one lies in the specification: the more test cases cover a statement, the more difficult it is to synthesize sosies. Yet, to our surprise, we are also able to synthesize sosies on highly tested statements (up to 600 test cases), which indicates an intrinsic property of the programs we study. The second dimension is in the code: we manually explore dozens of sosies and characterize new types of forgiving code regions that are prone to diversification.
The discursive reproduction of technoscience and Japanese national identity in The Daily Yomiuri coverage of the Fukushima nuclear disaster

Using critical discourse analysis, this article analyzes the discursive representation of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in The Daily Yomiuri, part of the largest and most influential media conglomerate in Japan. A critical discourse analysis of The Daily Yomiuri reveals that Japanese national identity and the ideology of technoscience are reproduced through two discursive constructions: a diminished ‘risk’ from Fukushima radiation and citizens’ national duty in the nuclear crisis. Within these two constructions, 11 major techniques are identified by which The Yomiuri discursively mitigates the risks from Fukushima and calls Japanese national identity into the service of the nuclear industry. The article concludes with implications for understanding the impact of political discourse in mass media on other policy debates in Japan and elsewhere.
Presupposition and Shared Knowledge in It-Clefts.

Abstract In this paper, I present a view of the relative roles of logical presupposition and shared knowledge in it-cleft constructions. I Will argue for a view of it-clefts in which presupposition on the one hand, and indicators of shared information on the other, are understood to have separate functions: indicators of shared knowledge, including prosody, are argued to relate to a speaker's assumptions about the state of the hearer's knowledge and attention, while presuppositions generated on the basis of syntactic form are argued to indicate a speaker's requirements for what should be included within the hearer's discourse model. In the light of this view, I review three common assumptions about clefts relating in particular to the interrelationship of logical presupposition, shared knowledge and prosody, and show how the view argued for here gives an improved analysis of some previously problematic examples. Finally, I make some suggestions regarding what a strict separation between logical presupposi.
Double handicap: Mental retardation and death in the family

Abstract Four case examples demonstrate the significant complications that occur when a death in the family is combined with a family member having a mental handicap. Several counseling and education issues, as well as possible opportunities and techniques for intervention, are discussed. The importance of considering knowledge from both fields-menial handicap and thanatology-is stressed.
Consensusability of discrete-time multi-agent systems over directed graphs

This paper investigates the joint effect of agent dynamic and directed communication graphs on consensusability of linear discrete-time multi-agent systems under a common control protocol. For single input agent dynamic, a necessary and sufficient condition is given by a simple min-max optimization in terms of the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian matrix and the topological entropy of the agent dynamic. While for the vector input case, a sufficient condition, which is also necessary for single input, is provided to achieve consensusability. By using non-identical control gain matrices differed by a scaling for each agent, a design method for the optimal scaling is proposed as well. The result recovers the related literature. An illustrative example is finally included to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretic results.
Current status and assessment of quantitative and qualitative one leg balancing ability in 3-6 year old children

Qualitative assessment (the developmental quality of the movement), of the one leg balance is not as commonly used as quantitative assessment (the measurable time in seconds), possibly prohibiting the accurate identifying of balance problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of the quantitative and qualitative balancing ability in a selected group of South African children, and to examine the interrelationships between the quantitative and qualitative results of 3-6 year old children as to propose a more accurate assessment of the one leg balance. The subjects (N=514), aged 3-6 years, were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed using valid norms and criteria found in the literature. The effect sizes measuring the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative assessments as determined by the Phi-score, showed a large effect for the 4 year olds (ES>0.8), and small effects for the 5 and 6 year olds (ES>0.2). A relatively large percentage (44.10%) of 3 year olds scored well above the average level for their age in both the quantitative and qualitative assessment, indicating that the norms and criteria used might not be appropriate for 3 year olds. Relatively large percentages (25.27%-27.47%) of the 6 year olds scored below the average level for 5 year olds in the qualitative assessment, suggesting developmental balance delays or disorders that might not have been identified by means of only a quantitative assessment. These findings indicate that, when evaluating the one leg balance in children aged 3-6 years, a quantitative and qualitative assessment should be used in combination together to assure a more accurate assessment.
Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS and antiretroviral therapy

The development of antiretroviral drugs has significantly changed the perception of HIV/AIDS from a very fatal to a chronic and potentially manageable disease, and the availability and administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced mortality and morbidity associated with HIV and AIDS. There is a relationship between ART and quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS, and several studies have reported a strong positive association between ART and improved quality of life in different domains among people living with HIV and AIDS in both developed and developing countries. However, a few studies have reported on the negative effects of ART, which directly or indirectly relate to the quality of life and longevity of HIV-infected persons. In this review, the effects and benefits of ART on people living with HIV and AIDS based on studies done in developed and developing countries is examined.
Bias From Wireless Substitution in Surveys of Hispanics

Increasingly, American households are choosing to forgo ownership of landline telephones in favor of cell phones. Presently, more than 25% of Hispanics now only own a cell phone. Concern about potential bias from noncoverage of this “cell-only” population in traditional general population RDD (random digit dial) telephone interviewing has been a particular focus among the survey research community. Because Hispanics lead all ethnic and racial groups in the percentage who are now cell-only, it is critical to understand the impact this has on research of Hispanics, which to date is still largely accomplished using traditional landline telephone survey methods. This article explores the extent to which noncoverage of cell-only Hispanics leads to raw bias in landline telephone surveys of Hispanics and the degree to which survey weights may correct for such bias.