Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The trouble with tourism and travel theory?

We would like to take this chance to welcome readers to this new journal and sketch out some of its aims at what we think is an exciting and challenging time for work on tourism.The main impetus for founding a new tourism journal was that in our view and in the minds of many key contributors to the tourism field, tourism studies had become stale, tired, repetitive and lifeless. At a time when John Urry has just launched his Sociology Beyond Societies ‐ Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century (in which mobilities are argued to have ‘reconstituted social life in uneven and complex ways’); when Anthony Giddens’ 1999 Reith Lectures were called ‘Runaway World’ and when the subject of the 2000 Theory Culture & Society conference in Finland was cosmopolitanism, it seems almost impossible not to see tourist studies as one of the most exciting and relevant topics in these transnational times (Urry, 2000; Giddens, 2000). And yet, it is not. The first trouble with tourism studies, and paradoxically also one of its sources of interest, is that its research object, ‘tourism’ has grown very dramatically and quickly and that the tourism research community is relatively new. Indeed at times it has been unclear which was growing more rapidly ‐ tourism or tourism research. Part of this trouble is that tourist studies has simply tried to track and record this staggering expansion, producing an enormous record of instances, case studies and variations. One reason for this is that tourist studies has been dominated by policy led and industry sponsored work so the analysis tends to internalize industry led priorities and perspectives, leaving the . research subject to the imperatives of policy, in the sense that one expects the researcher to assume as his own an objective of social control that will allow the tourist product to be more finely tuned to the demands of the international market. (Picard, 1996: 103) Part of this trouble is also that this effort has been made by people whose disciplinary origins do not include the tools necessary to analyse and theorize the complex cultural and social processes that have unfolded. How many schools of tourism hire the specialist skills of social and cultural theory? Most tourist studies © 2001 sage publications
Cognitive Vulnerability to Persistent Depression

Abstract The account of cognitive vulnerability to depression offered by Beck's cognitive model is summarised. As this account currently lacks consistent empirical support, an alternative, related, account is presented. This proposes that, once a person is initially depressed, an important factor that determines whether their depression remains mild or transient, or becomes more severe and persistent, is the nature of the negative cognitive processes and constructs that become active and accessible in the depressed state. These interact with the nature of environmental difficulties, available social support, and biological factors, to determine whether a depression-maintaining cognitive-affective vicious cycle will be set up. Results from studies specifically designed to test predictions from this account have yielded positive results. Findings consistent with the hypothesis have also been obtained in other prospective studies which have shown that cognitive measures, administered in the depressed state, .
Progesterone induces the fibulin-1 expression in human endometrial stromal cells.

BACKGROUND By using microarray analysis with human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), we previously reported that the mRNA for fibulin-1, an extracellular matrix as well as a plasma glycoprotein, is up-regulated by progesterone. In the present study, we tried to clarify the spatial and temporal regulation mechanism of fibulin-1 in the human endometrium. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative analysis with real-time PCR experiments on human endometrial tissues showed significantly higher fibulin-1 mRNA expressions in secretory phase endometria than in proliferative phase. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the fibulin-1 protein is expressed in the glandular epithelium in proliferative phase endometria, and that expression switched to the stroma in secretory phase endometria. In culture experiments with ESCs, a significant increase of fibulin-1 mRNA expression was observed in cells treated with 6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) or 8 bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP). MPA stimulated the fibulin-1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, and a progesterone antagonist, RU-486, inhibited the stimulatory effect almost completely. By contrast, beta-estradiol alone did not increase the fibulin-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fiblin-1 is an important molecule that mediates progesterone action in human ESC differentiation towards implantation.
Glomerular and tubular function following orthotopic liver transplantation in children

Abstract: Since its advent, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity has been a major concern to pediatricians attending to liver transplant recipients. The aims of this study were to examine glomerular and tubular function after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in children, their correlation to CsA, and how they differed according to the underlying disease.
Consumer Preferences for a Cash Option Versus Traditional Services

The Cash and Counseling Demonstration and Evaluation (CCDE) is a policy-driven evaluation of the basic belief that most people, including the elderly, want a say in matters that affect their daily lives. The evaluation is comparing cost, quality, and satisfaction of consumers receiving traditional personal care services with those receiving a consumer-directed cash benefit and information services. This article presents results from a telephone survey conducted as background research to assess the preferences of elders and adults with disabilities for a cash option versus traditional services in New Jersey, one CCDE demonstration state. This preference study provides information about consumer perceptions and attitudes, need for help or training with service management tasks, and outreach messages to emphasize when promoting a consumer-directed cash option.
Constraints on the phase diagram of molybdenum from first-principles free-energy calculations

We use first-principles techniques to reexamine the suggestion that transitions seen in high-P experiments on Mo are solid-solid transitions from the bcc structure to either the fcc or hcp structures. We confirm that in the quasiharmonicapproximationthefreeenergiesoffccandhcpstructuresbecomelowerthanthatofbccat P> 325 GPa and T below the melting curve, as reported recently. However, we show that if anharmonic effects are fully includedthisisnolongertrue.Wecalculatefullyanharmonicfreeenergiesofhigh-T crystalphasesbyintegration of the thermal average stress with respect to strain as structures are deformed into each other, and also by thermodynamicintegrationfromharmonicreferencesystemstothefullyanharmonicsystem.Ourfindingthatfccisthermodynamically less stable than bcc in the relevant high-P/high-T region is supported by comparing the melting curvesofthetwostructurescalculatedusingthefirst-principlesreference-coexistencetechnique.Wepresentfirstprinciples simulations based on the recently proposed Z method, which also support the stability of bcc over fcc.
Unsupervised segmentation of multiparameter MRI in experimental cerebral ischemia with comparison to T2, diffusion, and ADC MRI parameters and histopathological validation

This study presents histological validation of an objective (unsupervised) computer segmentation algorithm, the iterative self‐organizing data analysis technique (ISODATA), for analysis of multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. T2‐, T1‐, and diffusion (DWI) weighted coronal images were acquired from 4 to 168 hours after stroke on separate groups of animals. Animals were killed immediately after MRI for histological analysis. MR images were coregistered/warped to histology. MRI lesion areas were defined using DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, T2‐weighted images, and ISODATA. The last techniques clearly discriminated between ischemia‐altered and morphologically intact tissue. ISODATA areas were congruent and significantly correlated (r = 0.99, P < 0.05) with histologically defined lesions. In contrast, DWI, ADC, and T2 lesion areas showed no significant correlation with histologically evaluated lesions until subacute time points. These data indicate that multiparameter ISODATA methodology can accurately detect and identify ischemic cell damage early and late after ischemia, with ISODATA outperforming ADC, DWI, and T2‐weighted images in identification of ischemic lesions from 4 to 168 hours after stroke. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;11:425–437. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic Monocular System for Human Fall Detection Based on Variations in Silhouette Area

Population of old generation is growing in most countries. Many of these seniors are living alone at home. Falling is among the most dangerous events that often happen and may need immediate medical care. Automatic fall detection systems could help old people and patients to live independently. Vision-based systems have advantage over wearable devices. These visual systems extract some features from video sequences and classify fall and normal activities. These features usually depend on camera's view direction. Using several cameras to solve this problem increases the complexity of the final system. In this paper, we propose to use variations in silhouette area that are obtained from only one camera. We use a simple background separation method to find the silhouette. We show that the proposed feature is view invariant. Extracted feature is fed into a support vector machine for classification. Simulation of the proposed method using a publicly available dataset shows promising results.
Considering quality in qualitative interviewing

Within the field of qualitative inquiry, there has been considerable discussion of how ‘quality’ might be demonstrated by researchers in reports of studies. With the growth in the application of qualitative methods in social research, along with the proliferation of texts available to qualitative researchers over the last four decades, there has been increasing diversity in how quality has been demonstrated in reports. In this article, I focus on the use of qualitative interviews in research studies, arguing that with a growing array of theorizations of the qualitative interview, researchers must demonstrate the quality of their work in ways that are commensurate with their assumptions about their use of interviews. I sketch a number of possibilities for how qualitative interviews might be theorized, and show the different ways in which quality might be demonstrated from each perspective. I propose this typology as one means by which novice researchers might begin to work through design decisions involved in the process of proposal writing, the conduct of interview studies, and the writing up and representation of findings.
A multilevel taxonomy and requirements for an optimal traffic‐classification model

Identifying Internet traffic applications is essential for network security and management. The steady emergence of new Internet applications, together with the use of encryption and obfuscation techniques, ensures that traffic classification remains a hot research topic. Much research has been devoted to this topic by the research community in the last decade. However, an optimal traffic classification model has yet to be defined. Many techniques and formats have been described, with the current literature therefore lacking appropriate benchmarks expressed in a consistent terminology. Moreover, existing surveys are outdated and do not include many recent advances in the field. In this article, we present a systematic multilevel taxonomy that covers a broad range of existing and recently proposed methods, together with examples of vendor classification techniques. Our taxonomy assists in defining a consistent terminology. It could be useful in future benchmarking contexts by characterizing and comparing methods at three different levels. From this perspective, we describe key features and provide design hints for future classification models, while emphasizing the main requirements for promoting future research efforts. To motivate researchers and other interested parties, we collect and share data captured from real traffic, using two models to protect data privacy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust: A Sociological Theory

Introduction 1. The turn towards soft variables in sociological theory 2. The idea of trust 3. Varieties of trust 4. Foundations of trust 5. The functions of trust 6. The culture of trust 7. Trust in democracy and autocracy 8. Trust and rapid social change: a case study Bibliography References Index.
An Outbreak Of Avian Pasteurellosis In A Turkey Farm

Avian Pasteurellosis is a contagious disease of domestic and wild birds caused by Pasteurella mutocida. A turkey farm with a flock size of 500 recorded an acute death of about 102 turkeys with the history of clinical symptoms such as respiratory distress, anorexia, mucoid discharge from mouth and the nostrils, diarrhea were presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College. On thorough postmortem examination, a salient finding of petechial haemorrhages with pinpoint necrotic spots though out the liver parenchyma was observed along with pneumonic changes in lungs and vascular changes in trachea, spleen and intestines. On histopathological examination, liver revealed multifocal areas of coagulative necrosis and haemorrhages. Heart showed separation, fragmentation and degeneration of fibers with extensive inter-muscular haemorrhages. Lungs were congested with haemorrhages and pneumonic changes. Based on history, gross & histopathological lesions and impression smear examination after staining with geimsa and methylene blue, the case was diagnosed as Avian Pasteurellosis.
Poststructuralism against poststructuralism: Actor-network theory, organizations and economic markets

In recent years, actor-network theory (ANT) has become an increasingly influential theoretical framework through which to analyse economic markets and organizations. Indeed, with its emphasis on the power of social and natural concrete ‘things’ to become contingently enrolled in different networks, many argue that ANT successfully draws attention to the complex intermeshing of new technologies and social actors in organizations and markets across spatial divides from the local to the global. This article argues, however, that within its own method of abstraction and research methodology, ANT separates ‘concrete’ and ‘contingent’ economic markets and organizations from their abstract, necessary and virtual capitalist form. This means that ANT will tend to over-identify with how concrete-contingent actor-networks are performed in empirical economic markets and organizations at the expense of analysing how such empirical contexts are also internally mediated through abstract capitalist processes such as that of surplus value extraction. This, in turn, creates a number of difficulties in how ANT investigates economic markets and organizations. These critical points are made by recourse to the Marxist poststructuralism of Deleuze and Guattari as well as through conventional Marxist ideas.
Evaluating self and others in electronic and face-to-face groups.

After completing a decision task electronically or face to face, 105 students rated their own and other group members' contribution to the task completion and their degree of liking for group members. Actual contributions were the number of task relevant remarks each person contributed. Results indicated that self-ratings of contribution were more inflated and less accurate in electronic communication than in face-to-face communication. Liking accounted for significant variance in ratings of others' contributions in face-to-face groups, whereas actual contribution accounted for significant variance in ratings of others in electronic groups. Results suggest that rating biases stemming from liking are evident in ratings of others in face-to-face groups but not in electronic. Implications for online performance evaluations are discussed.
Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Offending, Self-harm and Depression in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Abstract Criminal offending and poor mental health are both recognised as important social problems warranting prevention and intervention efforts. Although there is some evidence for comorbidity between these problems, little research has examined the causal relationship between offending and mental health, particularly for young people. The present investigation addresses these issues by using data from the Sibling Study, a longitudinal investigation of delinquency as self-reported by 731 adolescents and young adults in south-east Queensland, Australia. The results suggest that for young women, but not men, offending behaviours (including the use of illicit drugs) lead to increases in self-harm and depression. Conversely, poor mental health, as indicated by having low self-esteem, a poor future outlook, and a belief that life is very confusing, does not influence subsequent levels of offending for either sex. The implications for prevention and intervention are discussed, with emphasis on the need for the criminal justice system to provide mental health services to young female offenders.
DNA methylation pattern changes upon long-term culture and aging of human mesenchymal stromal cells

Within 2–3 months of in vitro culture‐expansion, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) undergo replicative senescence characterized by cell enlargement, loss of differentiation potential and ultimate growth arrest. In this study, we have analyzed DNA methylation changes upon long‐term culture of MSC by using the HumanMethylation27 BeadChip microarray assessing 27 578 unique CpG sites. Furthermore, we have compared MSC from young and elderly donors. Overall, methylation patterns were maintained throughout both long‐term culture and aging but highly significant differences were observed at specific CpG sites. Many of these differences were observed in homeobox genes and genes involved in cell differentiation. Methylation changes were verified by pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion and compared to gene expression data. Notably, methylation changes in MSC were overlapping in long‐term culture and aging in vivo. This supports the notion that replicative senescence and aging represent developmental processes that are regulated by specific epigenetic modifications.
Endovascular Treatment of 300 Consecutive Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes

Controversy about the best treatment method for MCA aneurysms persists and these authors report the results of endovascular treatment of these lesions in a large series in which 295 such aneurysms were treated during a 17-year period and the results retrospectively analyzed. Complete occlusion was achieved in 94% and treatment failed in 4.3%. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality occurred in nearly 8%. Death occurred in 13.6% of patients and 4.3% needed to be re-treated. Thus, endovascular treatment of MCA aneurysms is acceptable as a primary treatment. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is controversy as to the best mode of treating MCA aneurysms. We report the results of a large endovascular series of patients treated at our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired data base. All patients with saccular MCA aneurysms treated between November 1996 and June 2012 were included. World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade, aneurysm site, size, and aneurysm neck size were recorded, along with clinical outcome assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale and radiographic occlusion assessed with the Raymond classification at 6 months and 2.5 years. RESULTS: A total of 295 patients with 300 MCA aneurysms were treated including 244 ruptured aneurysms (80.7%). The technical failure rate was 4.3% (13 patients). Complete occlusion or neck remnant was achieved in 264 (91.4%). Complications included rupture in 15 patients (5%), thromboembolism in 17 patients (5.7%), and early rebleeding in 3 patients (1%). Overall permanent procedural-related morbidity and mortality were seen in 12 patients (7.8%). Of the ruptured aneurysms, 189 (79.4%) had a favorable clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score, 4–5). A total of 33 patients (13.6%) died. On initial angiographic follow-up, aneurysm remnant was seen in 18 aneurysms (8.1%). A total of 13 patients (4.3%) were re-treated. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience demonstrates that endovascular treatment of MCA aneurysms has an acceptable safety profile with low rates of technical failure and re-treatment. Therefore, coiling is acceptable as the primary treatment of MCA aneurysms.
The Angiogenic and Adipogenic Modes of Adipose Tissue after Free Fat Grafting

Background: The major drawback of adipose grafting is its clinical unpredictability, which leads to surgeon and patient dissatisfaction. The mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and regeneration of the graft tissue are still unclear. Methods: Mouse adipose tissue was processed using two different methods (fragmental and integral) and was used to identify the mode of angiogenesis of the graft. Cross-grafting of tissue from normal mice and transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein was used to observe the origin of cells during the adipose regeneration. Results: Almost all the CD31 endothelial cells of the new vessels were derived from the recipient. The new vessels in the graft were mainly formed through recipient vessels growing into the graft rather than the reassembly of donor endothelial cells or the reconnection of recipient and donor vessels. Angiogenesis depends largely on recipient-site environment. The retention of donor-derived tissue dropped to only 10 percent 8 weeks after grafting, and the majority of the key regeneration cells, the CD34+ cells, came from the recipient during adipogenesis (p < 0.05). In total, the retention of the recipient-derived tissue was up to 73 percent in the fragmental group and 47.5 percent in the integral group. Conclusions: The angiogenesis of the graft occurs by the classic “vessel branching” mode, in which the recipient plays a dominant role. The mode of graft tissue retention primarily involves CD34+ adipose precursor cells derived from the recipient.