Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prison Break: Pathogens' Strategies To Egress from Host Cells

SUMMARY A wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and protozoa has adapted to an intracellular life-style, which presents several advantages, including accessibility to host cell metabolites and protection from the host immune system. Intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to enter and exit their host cells while optimizing survival and replication, progression through the life cycle, and transmission. Over the last decades, research has focused primarily on entry, while the exit process has suffered from neglect. However, pathogen exit is of fundamental importance because of its intimate association with dissemination, transmission, and inflammation. Hence, to fully understand virulence mechanisms of intracellular pathogens at cellular and systemic levels, it is essential to consider exit mechanisms to be a key step in infection. Exit from the host cell was initially viewed as a passive process, driven mainly by physical stress as a consequence of the explosive replication of the pathogen. It is now recognized as a complex, strategic process termed “egress,” which is just as well orchestrated and temporally defined as entry into the host and relies on a dynamic interplay between host and pathogen factors. This review compares egress strategies of bacteria, pathogenic yeast, and kinetoplastid and apicomplexan parasites. Emphasis is given to recent advances in the biology of egress in mycobacteria and apicomplexans.
Unwomanly conduct : the challenges of intentional childlessness

Acknowlegments Preface: A Researcher's Story 1. the Politics of Reproductive Difference 2. Troubling Developments 3. Explaining the Choice 4. Symbolic Politics I 5. Symbolic Politics II 6. The Social World of Childless Women 7. Conclusion Appendix: About the Research Bibliography
Efficacy of lumbar mobilization on postpartum low back pain in Egyptian females: A randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in the postnatal period. Physiotherapy has many techniques to apply for such cases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of central postero-anterior (PA) lumbar mobilization on muscle activity in postpartum LBP. METHODS Forty-five females with chronic LBP at least three months postnatal. Participants divided randomly and equally into three groups. Group A (Study group) received PA lumbar mobilization plus traditional treatment which consisted of Ultrasonic and Infra-red. Group B (Placebo group) received placebo mobilization plus traditional treatment. Group C (Control group) received traditional treatment only. All patients received 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Pain intensity, functional disabilities and Surface EMG for recording para spinal muscle activity were measured before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and paired t-test. RESULTS Central PA mobilization showed a significant reduction (P< 0.05) in the average surface EMG activity of the erector spinae musculature compared with the other groups as well as improvement in functional ability and reduction in pain intensity. CONCLUSION A central PA mobilization significantly reduced pain intensity and surface EMG activity of erector spinae musculature as well as improvement in functional ability in mechanical low back pain in postnatal females.
MyriadStore : A Peer-to-Peer Backup System

Traditional backup methods are error-prone, cumbersome, and expensive. Distributed backup applications have emerged as promising tools able to avoid these disadvantages, by exploiting unused disk space of remote computers. In this thesis we propose MyriadStore, a peer-to-peer backup system in which nodes store their backed up data by using other nodes’ storage capacities. MyriadStore makes use of a trading scheme that ensures that a user has as much available storage space in the system as he/she contributes to others. In order to verify that nodes are storing data they have been entrusted with, a challenge mechanism is in place. A node can challenge the nodes that are responsible for holding its data by requesting from them parts of the data. In case they fail to respond correctly to these challenges, they are punished according to a reputation-based punishment model. With this model, the nodes that fail challenges are punished according to the reputation they have in the system. MyriadStore minimizes bandwidth requirements and migration costs by treating separately the storage of the system’s meta-data and the storage of the backed up data. Meta-data is stored on a distributed hash table (DHT) which is provided by the DKS system, while data is stored outside the DHT. This approach also offers flexibility on the placement of the backed up data, a property that facilitates the deployment of the trading scheme.
Functional and Structural Microbial Diversity in Organic and Conventional Viticulture: Organic Farming Benefits Natural Biocontrol Agents

ABSTRACT Statistically significant differences in the structure and function of above-ground grapevine-associated microorganisms from organically and conventionally managed vineyards were found. Aureobasidium pullulans, a copper-detoxifying fungus and biocontrol agent, plays a key role in explaining these differences. The black fungus was strongly enriched in the communities of organically managed plants and yielded a higher indigenous antiphytopathogenic potential.
Effect of communications training on medical student performance.

CONTEXT Although physicians' communication skills have been found to be related to clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, teaching of communication skills has not been fully integrated into many medical school curricula or adequately evaluated with large-scale controlled trials. OBJECTIVE To determine whether communications training for medical students improves specific competencies known to affect outcomes of care. DESIGN AND SETTING A communications curriculum instituted in 2000-2001 at 3 US medical schools was evaluated with objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). The same OSCEs were administered to a comparison cohort of students in the year before the intervention. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-eight randomly selected medical students (38% of eligible students) in the comparison cohort, tested at the beginning and end of their third year (1999-2000), and 155 students in the intervention cohort (42% of eligible students), tested at the beginning and end of their third year (2000-2001). INTERVENTION Comprehensive communications curricula were developed at each school using an established educational model for teaching and practicing core communication skills and engaging students in self-reflection on their performance. Communications teaching was integrated with clinical material during the third year, required clerkships, and was supported by formal faculty development. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Standardized patients assessed student performance in OSCEs on 21 skills related to 5 key patient care tasks: relationship development and maintenance, patient assessment, education and counseling, negotiation and shared decision making, and organization and time management. Scores were calculated as percentage of maximum possible performance. RESULTS Adjusting for baseline differences, students exposed to the intervention significantly outperformed those in the comparison cohort on the overall OSCE (65.4% vs 60.4%; 5.1% difference; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9%-6.3%; P<.001), relationship development and maintenance (5.3% difference; 95% CI, 3.8%-6.7%; P<.001), organization and time management (1.8% difference; 95% CI, 1.0%-2.7%; P<.001), and subsets of cases addressing patient assessment (6.7% difference; 95% CI, 5.9%-7.8%; P<.001) and negotiation and shared decision making (5.7% difference; 95% CI, 4.5%-6.9%; P<.001). Similar effects were found at each of the 3 schools, though they differed in magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Communications curricula using an established educational model significantly improved third-year students' overall communications competence as well as their skills in relationship building, organization and time management, patient assessment, and negotiation and shared decision making-tasks that are important to positive patient outcomes. Improvements were observed at each of the 3 schools despite adaptation of the intervention to the local curriculum and culture.
Perceived Self-Efficacy, Academic Self-Regulation and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Academic Performance in Junior Secondary Schools

The study examined the composite and relative contributions of perceived self-efficacy, academic selfregulation and emotional intelligence to the prediction of academic performance among junior secondary schools three students. The sample consisted of 500 male and female junior secondary school three students from ten public co-educational secondary schools in Abeokuta South Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. Four research instruments: General perceived self-efficacy scale (GSE); Academic self- Regulation Scale (SRQ)-A), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and Academic Performance Test (APT) were used to collect data. The stepwise multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. Results indicated that academic self-regulation, emotional intelligence and perceived self efficacy together significantly predicted students academic performance. Out of the three however, self-efficacy was the most potent predictor of the students academic performance, emotional intelligence was the next while academic self-regulation closely followed in the third position. It was recommended among others that counseling sessions and training programmes in self-efficacy, academic self-regulation and emotional intelligence should be organized for students from time to time and government should equip school counselors and teachers to be able to handle this. Keywords : Perceived Self-Efficacy; Academic Self-Regulation; Emotional Intelligence; Academic Performance International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 4 (1) 2008: pp. 81-89
REMINISCENCE AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION: RELATIONSHIP TO RESIDENTIAL SETTING OF ELDERLY

Research has indicated a relationship between reminiscence and self-actualization among older persons. Reminiscence, or reflection upon the past, provides an opportunity for survey, assessment, and re-integration of significant aspects of one's life. Thus, reminiscing facilitates movement toward self-actualization. Reflection upon the past has been associated with adaptation to loss and stress in old age. Entry into special settings for the elderly often involves adaptation to socially-imposed stress. During periods of environmental adjustment, reminiscing has been used by many older persons as an adaptive technique to promote self-actualization. The impact of one special setting, long-term care, upon reminiscence has been substantiated by research. A higher frequency of reminiscing has been evidenced in institutionalized residents as compared to elders within the community setting. Retrospection has also been associated with the anticipatory stage of the institutionalization process. Further research was needed, however, to determine the impact of other residential settings upon the relationship between reminiscence and self-actualization. The current study examined the influence of three different residential settings upon reminiscence and self-actualization among male and female elderly. Three constructs were used as dependent variables: reminiscence frequency, reminiscence affect, and self-actualization (major scales of time competent and inner-directed). The Reminiscence Questionnaire and the Personal Orientation Inventory, were used to measure these constructs. A simple randomized-subjects design was utilized. Ten males and ten females were randomly selected from each of three residential settings: a senior day center, a long-term care facility, and a senior retirement community. Age range was 70-85 years with a mean age of 76.5 years. All subjects were individually administered The Reminiscence Questionnaire and the Personal Orientation Inventory. The following four hypotheses were analyzed: (H1) Elderly males or females participating in a senior day center, living in a long-term care facility, or residing in a senior retirement community will show no significant difference in scores on frequency of reminiscence on The Reminiscence Questionnaire. (H2) Elderly males or females participating in a senior day center, living in a long-term care facility, or residing in a senior retirement community will show no significant difference in scores on affective quality of reminiscence on The Reminiscence Questionnaire. (H3) Elderly males or females participating in a senior day center, living in a long-term care facility, or residing in a senior retirement community will show no significant difference in scores on self-actualization on the Personal Orientation Inventory. (H4) There will be no significant interaction between gender and residential setting regarding frequency of reminiscence, affective quality of reminiscence, and scores on self-actualization. Neither reminiscence frequency nor reminiscence affect of…
Environmental/economic power dispatch using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms

Summary form only given. This paper presents a new multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for environmental/economic power dispatch (EED) problem. The EED problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained multiobjective optimization problem. A new strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) based approach is proposed to handle the EED as a true multiobjective optimization problem with competing and non-commensurable objectives. The proposed approach employs a diversity-preserving mechanism to overcome the premature convergence and search bias problems. A hierarchical clustering algorithm is also imposed to provide the decision maker with a representative and manageable Pareto-optimal set. Moreover, fuzzy set theory is employed to extract the best compromise nondominated solution. Several optimization runs of the proposed approach have been carried out on a standard test system. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach to generate well-distributed Pareto-optimal solutions of the multiobjective EED problem in one single run. The comparison with the classical techniques demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and confirms its potential to solve the multiobjective EED problem. In addition, the extension of the proposed approach to include more objectives is a straightforward process.
Large‐eddy simulation of subtropical cloud‐topped boundary layers: 2. Cloud response to climate change

How subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds respond to warming is investigated using large‐eddy simulations (LES) of a wide range of warmer climates, with CO2 concentrations elevated by factors 2–16. In LES coupled to a slab ocean with interactive sea surface temperatures (SST), the surface latent heat flux (LHF) is constrained by the surface energy balance and only strengthens modestly under warming. Consequently, the MBL in warmer climates is shallower than in corresponding fixed‐SST LES, in which LHF strengthens excessively and the MBL typically deepens. The inferred shortwave (SW) cloud feedback with a closed energy balance is weakly positive for cumulus clouds. It is more strongly positive for stratocumulus clouds, with a magnitude that increases with warming. Stratocumulus clouds generally break up above 6 K to 9 K warming, or above a four to eightfold increase in CO2 concentrations. This occurs because the MBL mixing driven by cloud‐top longwave (LW) cooling weakens as the LW opacity of the free troposphere increases. The stratocumulus breakup triggers an abrupt and large SST increase and MBL deepening, which cannot occur in fixed‐SST experiments. SW cloud radiative effects generally weaken while the lower‐tropospheric stability increases under warming—the reverse of their empirical relation in the present climate. The MBL is deeper and stratocumulus persists into warmer climates if large‐scale subsidence decreases as the climate warms. The contrasts between experiments with interactive SST and fixed SST highlight the importance of a closed surface energy balance for obtaining realizable responses of MBL clouds to warming.
Acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase inhibition reduces de novo lipogenesis in overweight male subjects: A randomized, double‐blind, crossover study

NDI‐010976, an allosteric inhibitor of acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylases (ACC) ACC1 and ACC2, reduces hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and favorably affects steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in animal models of fatty liver disease. This study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial evaluating the pharmacodynamic effects of a single oral dose of NDI‐010976 on hepatic DNL in overweight and/or obese but otherwise healthy adult male subjects. Subjects were randomized to receive either NDI‐010976 (20, 50, or 200 mg) or matching placebo in period 1, followed by the alternate treatment in period 2; and hepatic lipogenesis was stimulated with oral fructose administration. Fractional DNL was quantified by infusing a stable isotope tracer, [1‐13C]acetate, and monitoring 13C incorporation into palmitate of circulating very low‐density lipoprotein triglyceride. Single‐dose administration of NDI‐010976 was well tolerated at doses up to and including 200 mg. Fructose administration over a 10‐hour period stimulated hepatic fractional DNL an average of 30.9 ± 6.7% (mean ± standard deviation) above fasting DNL values in placebo‐treated subjects. Subjects administered single doses of NDI‐010976 at 20, 50, or 200 mg had significant inhibition of DNL compared to placebo (mean inhibition relative to placebo was 70%, 85%, and 104%, respectively). An inverse relationship between fractional DNL and NDI‐010976 exposure was observed with >90% inhibition of fractional DNL associated with plasma concentrations of NDI‐010976 >4 ng/mL. Conclusion: ACC inhibition with a single dose of NDI‐010976 is well tolerated and results in a profound dose‐dependent inhibition of hepatic DNL in overweight adult male subjects. Therefore, NDI‐010976 could contribute considerable value to the treatment algorithm of metabolic disorders characterized by dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (Hepatology 2017;66:324–334).
Cowic: A Column-Wise Independent Compression for Log Stream Analysis

Nowadays massive log streams are generated from many Internet and cloud services. Storing log streams consumes a large amount of disk space and incurs high cost. Traditional compression methods can be applied to reduce storage cost, but are inefficient for log analysis, because fetching relevant log entries from compressed data often requires retrieval and decompression of large blocks of data. We propose a column-wise compression approach for well-formatted log streams, where each log entry can be independently compressed or decompressed for analysis. Specifically, we separate a log entry into several columns and compress each column with different models. We have implemented our approach as a library and integrated it into two applications, a log search system and a log joining system. Experimental results show that our compression scheme outperforms traditional compression methods for decompression times and has a competitive compression ratio. For log search, our approach achieves better query times than using traditional compression algorithms for both in-core and out-of-core cases. For joining log streams, our approach achieves the same join quality with only 30% memory of uncompressed streams.
Mixed Methods Research of Adult Family Care Home Residents and Informal Caregivers

This article describes a mixed methods approach used to explore the experiences of adult family care home (AFCH) residents and informal caregivers (IC). A rationale is presented for using a mixed methods approach employing the sequential exploratory design with this poorly researched population. The unique challenges attendant to the sampling strategy with this population, and an iterative approach of data collection and data analysis are discussed. A summary of the data integration
Optimal Signaling for Secure Communications Over Gaussian MIMO Wiretap Channels

Optimal signaling over the Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output wire-tap channel is studied under the total transmit power constraint. A closed-form solution for an optimal transmit covariance matrix is obtained when the channel is strictly degraded. In combination with the rank-1 solution, this provides the complete characterization of the optimal covariance for the case of two transmit antennas. The cases of weak eavesdropper and high SNR are considered. It is shown that the optimal covariance does not converge to a scaled identity in the high-SNR regime. Necessary optimality conditions and a tight upper bound on the rank of an optimal covariance matrix are established for the general case, along with a lower bound to the secrecy capacity, which is tight in a number of scenarios.
Characterization of cosmetic cream with Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plant extract: influence of formulation composition on physical stability and anti‐oxidant activity

Cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) was usually used in topical administration, particularly, in fighting against skin ageing and in the protection of the skin against radiation exposure. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a halophyte plant widely used in the traditional medicine, characterized by the presence of anti‐oxidants enzymes in responses to abiotic stresses. In the present study, we prepared a formulation with M. crystallinum extract characterized by naturally occurring SOD and catalase in association with other anti‐oxidants molecules. The SOD activity was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyldiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide/riboflavin method, catalase by colorimetric method and the total anti‐radical activity was measured by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method. Formulations contain a significant SOD activity (8.33 U mg−1), a catalase activity (0.5 × 107 UC) and an anti‐radical activity (30% of DPPH inhibition). The formulation storage (15 days at 4°C) showed a marked loss of total anti‐oxidant capacity. The addition of the M. crystallinum extract induced also a reduction in formulation viscosity and pH.
Computational Models of Anterior Cingulate Cortex: At the Crossroads between Prediction and Effort

In the last two decades the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has become one of the most investigated areas of the brain. Extensive neuroimaging evidence suggests countless functions for this region, ranging from conflict and error coding, to social cognition, pain and effortful control. In response to this burgeoning amount of data, a proliferation of computational models has tried to characterize the neurocognitive architecture of ACC. Early seminal models provided a computational explanation for a relatively circumscribed set of empirical findings, mainly accounting for EEG and fMRI evidence. More recent models have focused on ACC's contribution to effortful control. In parallel to these developments, several proposals attempted to explain within a single computational framework a wider variety of empirical findings that span different cognitive processes and experimental modalities. Here we critically evaluate these modeling attempts, highlighting the continued need to reconcile the array of disparate ACC observations within a coherent, unifying framework.