Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential Circuit Test Generation on a Distributed System

A sequential circuit test generation program is parallelized to run on a network of Sparc 2 workstations connected through ethernet. Sixteen processors are served by a single file server. The test generation program uses the time-frame expansion circuit model, and a branch and bound search algorithm in reverse time processing mode. The fault list is equally divided among the processors. The entire process consists of a series of parallel computing passes with synchronization occurring between passes. During a pass, each processor independently generates test sequences for the assigned faults through vector generation and fault simulation. A fixed per-fault CPU time limit is used within a pass. Faults requiring more time are abandoned for later passes. At the end of a pass, each processor simulates the entire fault list with its vectors and transmits the list of undetected faults to all other processors. Processors then combine these fault lists to create a list of faults that were not detected by all processors. This list is again equally divided and the next pass begins with a larger per-fault time limit for test generation. The process stops after either the required fault coverage is achieved or the pass with given maximum per-fault time limit is completed. Some benchmark results are given to show the advantage of distributed system for large circuits. The paper also outlines the lessons learned from the experiment and makes suggestions for improvement.
Sub-band, dual-channel adaptive noise cancellation using normalised LMS

An adaptive noise cancellation scheme for speech processing is proposed. In this, the adaptive filters are implemented in frequency-limited sub-bands, based on a simplified model of the human cochlea. A modification to the basic LMS structure is introduced which guarantees stability and convergence at all times. This modification, a non-recursive normalisation, is used both in a wideband and in a sub-band implementation of the scheme. The effect of this normalisation on the quality of the processed speech is to cause the speech to be distorted, showing that there is no benefit to using normalised LMS in a sub-band scheme, whether the application uses classical or intermittent noise cancellation.
Neural Basis of Working Memory Enhancement after Acute Aerobic Exercise: fMRI Study of Preadolescent Children

Working memory lies at the core of cognitive function and plays a crucial role in children’s learning, reasoning, problem solving, and intellectual activity. Behavioral findings have suggested that acute aerobic exercise improves children’s working memory; however, there is still very little knowledge about whether a single session of aerobic exercise can alter working memory’s brain activation patterns, as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Therefore, we investigated the effect of acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on working memory and its brain activation patterns in preadolescent children, and further explored the neural basis of acute aerobic exercise on working memory in these children. We used a within-subjects design with a counterbalanced order. Nine healthy, right-handed children were scanned with a Siemens MAGNETOM Trio 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner while they performed a working memory task (N-back task), following a baseline session and a 30-min, moderate-intensity exercise session. Compared with the baseline session, acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise benefitted performance in the N-back task, increasing brain activities of bilateral parietal cortices, left hippocampus, and the bilateral cerebellum. These data extend the current knowledge by indicating that acute aerobic exercise enhances children’s working memory, and the neural basis may be related to changes in the working memory’s brain activation patterns elicited by acute aerobic exercise.
from Receptor/Ligand-Deficient Mice T Cells + c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase) in CD4 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Regulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Cutting Edge: CTLA-4 (CD152) Differentially

Although CTLA-4 (CD152) has potent inhibitory effects on T cell function, the signaling events affected by this coreceptor remain to be fully deﬁned. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) act as crucial regulators of mul-tiple aspects of cell function. Ab ligation studies have reported an inhibitory effect of CTLA-4 on TCR-induced ERK and JNK activation. In this study, we have re-examined the speciﬁcity of CTLA-4 inhibition of MAPKs by using natural ligand with ex vivo-puriﬁed CD4 (cid:1) T cells deﬁcient in CD80 and CD86 (dou-ble knockout), or CTLA-4, CD80, and CD86 (triple knockout). Under these conditions, CTLA-4 ligation was found to up-reg-ulate and sustain JNK activation, while inhibiting ERK activity. At the same time, JNK activation could not account for CTLA-4 induction of TGF- (cid:2) production. Our ﬁndings demonstrate that CTLA-4 cosignaling is more complex than previously appreciated, with an ability to differentially regulate members of the MAPK family in T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 3475–3479.
A SiGe Fractional- ${ N}$ Frequency Synthesizer for mm-Wave Wideband FMCW Radar Transceivers

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency synthesizer is presented focusing on an ultra-high-speed fractional- N frequency divider and a highly linear phase-frequency detector (PFD). All circuits are integrated into a high-frequency SiGe bipolar technology. The programmable frequency divider can be operated at input frequencies between dc and 57 GHz for division factors in the entire integer range from 12 to 259. The PFD is optimized for fractional- N synthesis, which requires an extremely linear characteristic due to the modulation of its input frequency. The frequency divider and the PFD are used together with an 80-GHz wideband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and transceiver for a high precision mm-wave frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar sensor. As shown by the experimental results the realized circuits stabilize the mm-wave VCO with an extremely low phase noise below -97 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset around its center frequency of 80 GHz and can generate a highly linear frequency ramp with a bandwidth of 24 GHz. Furthermore, the accuracy of the synthesizer is demonstrated by FMCW radar distance measurements inside a waveguide and in free space. Inside the waveguide a standard deviation of the phase of the target below 0.0018 ° (which corresponds to 9.4 nm) was measured.
Political hashtag publics and counter-visuality: a case study of #fertilityday in Italy

ABSTRACT In 2016 the Italian health ministry launched the ‘Fertility Day’ campaign, aimed at tackling Italy’s low birth rate. Under the accusation of delivering sexist and racist messages, the campaign became a trending topic on Twitter, and a protest was launched to be held during Fertility Day. By applying a combination of digital methods and visual content analysis to the #fertilityday Twitter stream, this paper contributes to existing research on the deliberative strength of political hashtag publics, with a particular focus on their power structures, communication patterns and visual content use. Findings on gatekeeping dynamics downsize optimistic views on the democratising potential of Twitter’s socio-technical infrastructure as they point to the emergence of online satirical media and ‘tweetstars’ – along with mainstream news media– as main producers of spreadable content, with ordinary users only surfacing when traditional media elites and new satirical actors lack or lose interest in the debate. Results confirm that political hashtag publics follow acute event communication patterns, with users highly engaged in retweeting and referencing external material and visual content playing a key role in these gatewatching practices. The transient counter-visuality – or critical stance – of tweets with user-manipulated images, however, also suggests that the deliberative potential of these publics is not easily sustainable over time.
Frames for emotional expressions across discourse forms in an ecology course

ABSTRACT Research on emotions illustrates a range of emotions that students and teachers experience, both individually and as a collective, in science learning settings. However, not as much attention has been given to how opportunities for emotional expressions are framed. Since emotions and their expressions are embedded in the discourse in which they are constructed, this research sought to describe the ways in which expectations for emotional expressions were constructed during an ecology course for education undergraduates. Utilising sociolinguistics, emotional expressions were examined across and within forms of discourse (discourse events, written artifacts) to make salient how cues informed the number of emotions expressed. Data sources were ethnographic field notes, video recordings, and written artifacts from an entire semester of the course. The specific features of the emotional frames in discourse events and on written artifacts are presented. Contrast points are utilised to showcase the ways different emotional frames were constituted by the members of the course under different conditions and across discourse forms. Implications for considering how to support learners’ emotional expressions within a science classroom are discussed.
Paying People to Look at the Consequences of Their Actions

Prior research has suggested that people prefer to remain uncertain about the possible negative social consequences of their actions and that this uncertainty facilitates selfish behavior. Our participants played an economic game where they were uncertain about how selfish actions would affect other players; we offered participants various incentives to “look” at the potential consequences of their actions, and this reduced selfishness. Contrary to both “crowding out” and adverse selection, participants who were paid to look were more generous than participants who looked without payment. We also find that these payments can be cost-effective: small payments can lead to social welfare gains that are larger than the total cost of subsidies. Our results suggest an efficient way of changing behavior because it may be cheaper to pay someone to look at information about their social footprint—thus activating their social preferences—than it would be to directly monitor/reward prosocial behavior. 1 Yale University, School of Management, 135 Prospect Street, New Haven CT, 06520, Fax: 203 889 3179, Tel: 203-432-9441, Email: daylian.cain@yale.edu 2 University of Pennsylvania, Psychology Department, 3720 Walnut St., Philadelphia PA, 19104, Tel: 215-5734088, Email: danajd@sas.upenn. edu ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We are grateful for comments from Shane Frederick, Barry Nalebuff, Uri Simonsohn, seminar participants at Harvard University, New York University, Rutgers, the University of Texas-Dallas, Yale University, and conference attendees at the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Behavioral Decision Research in Management and the Allied Social Science Association annual meetings. Daylian Cain is thankful for funding from the Russell Sage Behavioral Economics Fellowship. Jason Dana is thankful for funding from the International Foundation for Research in Experimental Economics (IFREE) Small Grant program and the Goldstone Research Unit at the University of Pennsylvania. Jeff DeWitt and Jesse Marczyk provided excellent research assistance.
Improving Motivation and Interpersonal Communication Skill ThroughPeer Assessment and Self-Assessment In Accounting Education Students

<span lang="EN-US">This study aims at improving motivation and interpersonal communication skill through peer assessment and self-assessment in accounting education students.This study is conducted in Economic Faculty of the State University of Malang</span><span> (Universitas Negeri Malang)</span><span lang="EN-US">. The research subject is 1</span><span>6</span><span lang="EN-US">0 undergraduate students of accounting education. This study is a classroom action research. The data collection is done by observation, interview, and documentation. The data are analyzed qualitatively by carrying out data reduction, data display, and verification processes. Research finding shows that peer assessment and self-assessment are able to improve motivation and communication skill of accounting education students in Economic Faculty of the State University of Malang. </span><span>T</span><span lang="EN-US">here is improvement in terms of learning motivation of students majoring accounting education in the teaching practice subject through peer assessment and self-assessment system, and there is improvement in terms of interpersonal communication skill of students majoring accounting education in the teaching practice subject through peer assessment and self-assessment system. </span>
Breast Surgery Using Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade and Sedation Alone

Introduction. Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) provides superior analgesia for breast surgery when used in conjunction with general anesthesia (GA). Although TPVB and GA are often combined, for some patients GA is either contraindicated or undesirable. We present a series of 28 patients who received a TPVB with sedation alone for breast cancer surgery. Methods. A target controlled infusion of propofol or remifentanil was used for conscious sedation. Ultrasound guided TPVB was performed at one, two, or three thoracic levels, using up to 30 mL of local anesthetic. If required, top-up local infiltration analgesia with prilocaine 0.5% was performed by the surgeon. Results. Most patients were elderly with significant comorbidities and had TPVB injections at just one level (54%). Patient choice and anxiety about GA were indications for TVPB in 9 patients (32%). Prilocaine top-up was required in four (14%) cases and rescue opiate analgesia in six (21%). Conclusions. Based on our technique and the outcome of the 28 patients studied, TPVB with sedation and ultrasound guidance appears to be an effective and reliable form of anesthesia for breast surgery. TPVB with sedation is a useful anesthetic technique for patients in which GA is undesirable or poses an unacceptable risk.
A New Version of Reimers’ Law of Mass Loss Based on a Physical Approach

We present a new semiempirical relation for the mass loss of cool stellar winds, which so far has frequently been described by "Reimers' law. " Originally, this relation was based solely on dimensional scaling arguments without any physical interpretation. In our approach, the wind is assumed to result from the spillover of the extended chromosphere, possibly associated with the action of waves, especially Alfvén waves, which are used as guidance in the derivation of the new formula. We obtain a relation akin to the original Reimers law, but which includes two new factors. They reflect how the chromospheric height depends on gravity and how the mechanical energy flux depends, mainly, on the effective temperature. The new relation is tested and sensitively calibrated by modeling the blue end of the horizontal branch of globular clusters. The most significant difference from mass-loss rates predicted by the Reimers relation is an increase by up to a factor of 3 for luminous late-type (super)giants, in good agreement with observations.
Towards an intelligent possibilistic web information retrieval using multiagent system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to make a scientific contribution to web information retrieval (IR). Design/methodology/approach – A multiagent system for web IR is proposed based on new technologies: Hierarchical Small‐Worlds (HSW) and Possibilistic Networks (PN). This system is based on a possibilistic qualitative approach which extends the quantitative one.Findings – The paper finds that the relevance of the order of documents changes while passing from a profile to another. Even if the selected terms tend to select the relevant document, these terms are not the most frequent of the document. This criterion shows the asset of the qualitative approach of the SARIPOD system in the selection of relevant documents. The insertion of the factors of preference between query terms in the calculations of the possibility and the necessity consists in increasing the scores of possibilistic relevance of the documents containing these terms with an aim of penalizing the scores of relevance of the documents no.
Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double–blind, placebo–controlled, cross–over trial

Creatine supplementation is in widespread use to enhance sports–fitness performance, and has been trialled successfully in the treatment of neurological, neuromuscular and atherosclerotic disease. Creatine plays a pivotal role in brain energy homeostasis, being a temporal and spatial buffer for cytosolic and mitochondrial pools of the cellular energy currency, adenosine triphosphate and its regulator, adenosine diphosphate. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that oral creatine supplementation (5 g d-1 for six weeks) would enhance intelligence test scores and working memory performance in 45 young adult, vegetarian subjects in a double–blind, placebo–controlled, cross–over design. Creatine supplementation had a significant positive effect (p < 0.0001) on both working memory (backward digit span) and intelligence (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices), both tasks that require speed of processing. These findings underline a dynamic and significant role of brain energy capacity in influencing brain performance.
Live Aid Revisited: Long-Term Impacts of the 1984 Ethiopian Famine on Children

In 1984, the world was shocked at the scale of a famine in Ethiopia that caused over half a million deaths, making it one of the worst in recent history. The mortality impacts are clearly significant. But what of the survivors? This paper provides the first estimates the long-term impact of the famine twenty years later, on the height of young adults aged 17–25 who experienced this severe shock in-utero and as infants during the crisis. Improving methodologically on other studies, famine intensity is measured at the household level, while impacts are assessed using a difference-indifferences comparison across siblings. We find that by adulthood, affected children who were under the age of 36 months at the peak of the crisis are significantly shorter than the older cohort, by at least 3cm. They are also less likely to have completed primary school, and more likely to have experienced recent illness. Indicative calculations show that this may lead to income losses of between 3% and 8% per year over their lifetime. The evidence also suggests that the relief operations at the time made little difference.
Selection Method, Partisanship, and the Administration of Elections

The methods used to select public officials affect the preferences they bring to office, the incentives they face while in office, and, ultimately, the policy goals they pursue. We argue that the preferences and actions of local election officials (LEOs) differ depending on whether they are elected or appointed. We test these expectations with a data set that includes the survey responses of 1,200 Wisconsin LEOs, structured interviews, census data, and returns from the 2008 presidential election. Drawing upon a natural experiment in how officials are selected, we find that, compared to appointed officials, elected officials express greater support for voter access and expressless concern about ballot security and administrative costs. For appointed officials, we find that voter turnout in a municipality is lower when the LEO’s self-reported partisanship differs from the partisanship of the electorate but only in cases where the official is a Republican.
Improving Multiyear Sea Ice Concentration Estimates with Sea Ice Drift

Multiyear ice (MYI) concentration can be retrieved from passive or active microwave remote sensing observations. One of the algorithms that combines both observations is the Environmental Canada Ice Concentration Extractor (ECICE). However, factors such as ridging, snow wetness and metamorphism can cause significant changes in brightness temperature and backscatter, leading to misidentification of FYI as MYI, hence increasing the estimated MYI concentrations suddenly. This study introduces a correction scheme to restore the MYI concentrations under these conditions. The correction utilizes ice drift records to constrain the MYI changes and uses two thresholds of passive microwave radiometric parameters to account for snow wetness and metamorphism. The correction is applied to MYI concentration retrievals from ECICE with inputs from QuikSCAT and AMSR-E observations, acquired over the Arctic region in a series of winter seasons (October to May) from 2002 to 2009. Qualitative comparison with the Radarsat-1 SAR images and quantitative comparison against results from previous studies show that the correction works well by removing the anomalous high MYI concentrations. On average, the correction reduces the estimated MYI area by 5.2 × 105 km2 (14.3%) except for the April–May time frame, when the reduction is larger as the warmer weather prompts the condition of the anomalous snow radiometric signature. Due to the long-lasting (i.e., from one to several weeks) effect of the warm spells on FYI, the correction could be important in climatological research and operational applications.
GAGE-B: an evaluation of genome assemblers for bacterial organisms

Motivation: A large and rapidly growing number of bacterial organisms have been sequenced by the newest sequencing technologies. Cheaper and faster sequencing technologies make it easy to generate very high coverage of bacterial genomes, but these advances mean that DNA preparation costs can exceed the cost of sequencing for small genomes. The need to contain costs often results in the creation of only a single sequencing library, which in turn introduces new challenges for genome assembly methods. Results: We evaluated the ability of multiple genome assembly programs to assemble bacterial genomes from a single, deep-coverage library. For our comparison, we chose bacterial species spanning a wide range of GC content and measured the contiguity and accuracy of the resulting assemblies. We compared the assemblies produced by this very high-coverage, one-library strategy to the best assemblies created by two-library sequencing, and we found that remarkably good bacterial assemblies are possible with just one library. We also measured the effect of read length and depth of coverage on assembly quality and determined the values that provide the best results with current algorithms. Contact: salzberg@jhu.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Two-dimensional Gauge Theories and Quantum Integrable Systems

In this paper the relation between 2d topological gauge theories and Bethe Ansatz equations is reviewed. In addition we present some new results and clarifications. We hope the relations discussed here are particular examples of more general relations between quantum topological fields theories in dimensions $d\leq 4$ and quantum integrable systems.