Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample Iranian Mothers' Perception of the Psychological Birth Trauma: a Qualitative Study

Objective: Childbirth is one of the most vulnerable moments and the most important and memorable events in the lives of women that despite of bringing happiness, it can be associated with psychological trauma and endanger the mother and neonate health. Mothers' perception of the psychological birth trauma is a highly subjective process that depends on the cultural, social and biological conditions of mothers that is not achievable except with examination of their views. This study aimed to understand psychological birth trauma from the perceptions of Iranian mothers. Methods: A qualitative research design using in-depth interviews of 23 Iranian mothers was conducted from Tehran and Isfahan health centers. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: Two themes were extracted from the data: impact of psychological birth trauma and trends of psychological birth trauma. Several categories and sub-categories also emerged from the data. Feelings of fear, anxiety, helplessness and sense of impending death (collapse) were reported by the mothers. Conclusions: By considering the unforgettable experience of mothers from the psychological birth trauma, a plan for supportive care before, during and after birth is critical.Childbirth is one of the most crucial moments of a woman's life(1). Despite the fact that birth is a joyful event, it can be associated with physiological trauma and for some women, it can be a fearful experience (2), (3), (4). Some women regard birth as a violent incident for the mother or baby, a point between life and death that can lead to disorders in their emotions, feelings and behaviors (1), an event associated with trauma (5). Psychological birth trauma has a similar connotation with "suffering" (2). It emerges during the birth process when the mother feels that there is a serious threat and death risk for her or her baby. The prevalence of psychological birth trauma has been reported at a rate between 20 to 30%. (2), (5), (3). And Creedyat el 2000, reported that one out of every three births can cause psychological birth trauma. Psychological birth trauma can also lead to women feeling out of control, depressed, anxious and diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorders (6); (7). In one study, 34% of women perceived birth as traumatic and in 1.9% of cases that has progressed to post-traumatic stress disorder (3). Psychological birth trauma can also hurt family relationships (8), reduce lactation period (9) and in the long term, lead to emotional, cognitive …
Portability Status of Some Hand Dug Wells in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria

Twenty (20) water samples were randomly collected from different hand dug wells in three localities in Ekiti-State; namely: - Ado-Ekiti, Iyin Ekiti and Ilawe Ekiti. They were analyzed for their physical, chemical and bacteriological properties. The physical tests included taste, color and odor. The chemical tests also included cations and anions determination while the bacteriological analysis carried out on the water samples involves determination of E–coli and total bacteria counts. Other parameters tested are the conductivity, total hardness, trace elements, total dissolved solids and alkalinity. The result of the physical tests revealed that the water is colourless, odourless and tasteless, while the result off the chemical tests revealed that the pH ranges from 6.0–7.3, indicating that the water samples are slightly acidic to alkaline, temperature ranges from 27.3 0 c–32.1 0 c, Electrical conductivity ranges from 20–750 Ns/cm, total hardness ranges from (30-400)mg/L and Total dissolved solids ranges from13.4-503(mg/L). The analyzed cations and anions in the samples showed that ca 2+ ranges from (4.8 – 139.5)mg/l, Mg 2+ (3.4-25.9)mg/l, Na + (6.5-130.7)mg/l and K + (3.9-26.80)mg/l, while
Special AT-rich DNA-binding protein-1 expression is associated with liver cancer metastasis

To aim of the present study was to investigate the association between special AT-rich DNA-binding protein-1 (SATB1) expression and liver cancer metastasis. SATB1 mRNA and protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and in two hepatocellular cancer cell lines, MHCC-97H (high metastatic potential) and HepG2 (low metastatic potential), by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Transwell migration and wound-healing assays were also performed to investigate the metastasis of liver cancer following upregulation or silencing of SATB1 expression. The results revealed that SATB1 expression was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared with carcinoma-adjacent tissues. Furthermore, SATB1 expression was correlated with tumor size, differentiation degree, hemorrhage and/or necrosis, invasion and/or metastases and TNM stage. Both the mRNA and protein expression of SATB1 was higher in MHCC-97H cells than HepG2 cells. In addition, the migration capability of MHCC-97H cells was decreased after SATB1 silencing, whereas the migration capability of HepG2 cells was increased after SATB1 upregulation. SATB1 expression was demonstrated to be positively correlated with liver cancer metastasis. These results indicate that liver cancer metastasis is regulated by SATB1 expression. Thus, immunohistochemical SATB1 expression may present an independent risk factor for the metastasis of liver cancer.
Decreased levels of irisin, a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine, are related to emphysema associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Cigarette smoking-induced oxidant–antioxidant imbalance is a factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD through epithelial cell apoptosis. Irisin is a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine associated with physical activity. Irisin is also known to decrease oxidant-induced apoptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the correlation between irisin and emphysema in COPD and its role in epithelial cell apoptosis remains unknown. Subjects and methods Forty patients with COPD were enrolled in this study. Pulmonary function tests and measurements of the percentage of low-attenuation area on high-resolution computed tomography images were performed, and the results were evaluated for correlation with serum irisin levels. The effect of irisin on cigarette-smoke extract-induced A549 cell apoptosis and the expression of Nrf2, a transcription factor for antioxidants, was also examined in vitro. Results Serum irisin levels were significantly correlated with lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide divided by alveolar volume (r=0.56, P<0.01) and percentage of low-attenuation area (r=−0.79, P<0.01). Moreover, irisin significantly enhanced Nrf2 expression (P<0.05) and reduced cigarette-smoke extract-induced A549 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion Decreased serum irisin levels are related to emphysema in patients with COPD and involved in epithelial apoptosis, resulting in emphysema. Irisin could be a novel treatment for emphysema in patients with COPD.
What Can Be (and What Has Been) Learned from General Equilibrium Simulation Models of School Finance?

This paper synthesizes some initial lessons from an emerging school finance literature that employs computational structural models to investigate different policy proposals. The advantage of such models lies in their ability to fully trace out the general equilibrium effects of policies within an internally consistent and empirically relevant economic framework. Results in this literature suggest that a full general equilibrium analysis may lead to outcomes that differ substantially from those predicted by partial equilibrium models. At the same time, there is considerable room for further research that can both inform and be informed by more standard empirical research.
Analytical models for predator-prey contact and capture rates in turbulent environments

Scaling laws for planktonic contact and capture rates in turbulent environments are obtained in terms of basic parameters for the problem. Enhanced turbulence levels increase the encounter rate but can, on the other hand, also be too large by reducing the capture probability. The results thus indicate an optimum intermediate turbulence level for the predator capture rate. Probability densities of some basic parameters entering the scaling laws were found by numerical simulations. We consider cases where the capture range of an organism is comparable to or smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, as well as the opposite limit of large capture ranges. The reference model assumes spherical contact surfaces, but it is demonstrated that the results remain basically valid also for the case where the contact volumes are hemispherical or conical: the consequences of the conical shape can be accounted for by an empirical scaling factor, which depends solely on the opening angle of the cone.
Transport masses in strained silicon MOSFETs with different channel orientations

The confined states in [001]-oriented strained silicon layers embedded in oxide are investigated using dasiafull-zonepsila k.p analysis within the envelop function approximation and Tight-Binding (TB) model. Calculations of important transport parameters - energy band shifts and transport masses - show new results, rising the issues of the limit of simple models like the Effective Mass Approximation (EMA).
From Characters to Quantum (Super)Spin Chains via Fusion

We give an elementary proof of the Bazhanov-Reshetikhin determinant formula for rational transfer matrices of the twisted quantum super-spin chains associated with the gl(K|M) algebra. This formula describes the most general fusion of transfer matrices in symmetric representations into arbitrary finite dimensional representations of the algebra and is at the heart of analytical Bethe ansatz approach. Our technique represents a systematic generalization of the usual Jacobi-Trudi formula for characters to its quantum analogue using certain group derivatives.
Web searching in Chinese: A study of a search engine in Hong Kong

The number of non-English resources has been increasing rapidly on the Web. Although many studies have been conducted on the query logs in search engines that are primarily English-based (e.g., Excite and AltaVista), only a few of them have studied the information-seeking behavior on the Web in non-English languages. In this article, we report the analysis of the search-query logs of a search engine that focused on Chinese. Three months of search-query logs of Timway, a search engine based in Hong Kong, were collected and analyzed. Metrics on sessions, queries, search topics, and character usage are reported. N-gram analysis also has been applied to perform character-based analysis. Our analysis suggests that some characteristics identiﬁed in the search log, such as search topics and the mean number of queries per sessions, are similar to those in English search engines; however, other characteristics, such as the use of operators in query formulation, are signiﬁ-cantly different. The analysis also shows that only a very small number of unique Chinese characters are used in search queries. We believe the ﬁndings from this study have provided some insights into further research in non-English Web searching.
Student demographic, academic, and financial characteristics and the likelihood of on-time credential completion at a rural community college in Iowa

This institution-specific credential completion study examined student demographic, academic, and financial characteristics and their relationship to on-time credential completion. Working with institutional data from a medium size rural-serving, public community college in Iowa, a cohort of first-time-in-college students were analyzed for the traditional measurement of on-time completion based on the type of program the student enrolled in their first term. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The variables found to be significant were underrepresented students, specifically Black and Latinx students when compared to White students, first-generation students, dual enrolled students, math placement level, enrollment status, and EFC category as a measurement of socioeconomic status. The findings will aid in future planning at the institution for policy and practices aimed at improving student retention and thereby greater success for on-time credential
On the Interplay Between Conditional Entropy and Error Probability

Fano's inequality relates the error probability of guessing a finitely-valued random variable X given another random variable Y and the conditional entropy of X given Y. It is not necessarily tight when the marginal distribution of X is fixed. This paper gives a tight upper bound on the conditional entropy of X given Y in terms of the error probability and the marginal distribution of X. A new lower bound on the conditional entropy for countably infinite alphabets is also found. The relationship between the reliability criteria of vanishing error probability and vanishing conditional entropy is also discussed. A strengthened form of the Schur-concavity of entropy which holds for finite or countably infinite random variables is given.
Mortgage Defaults

We incorporate house price risk and mortgages into a standard incomplete market (SIM) model. We calibrate the model to match U.S. data, and we show that the model also accounts for non-targeted features of the data such as the distribution of down payments, the life-cycle profile of homeownership, and the mortgage default rate. In addition, we show that the average coefficients that measure the agents' ability to self-insure against income shocks are similar to those of a SIM model without housing (as presented by Kaplan and Violante, 2010). However, incorporating housing increases the values of these coefficients for younger agents, which narrows the gap between the SIM model's implications and the data. The response of consumption to house price shocks is minimal. We also study the effects of default prevention policies. Introducing a minimum down payment requirement of 15 percent reduces defaults on mortgages by 30 percent, reduces the homeownership rate up to only 0.2 percentage points (if the aggregate house price level does not adjust), and may cause house prices to decline up to 0.7 percent (if homeownership does not adjust). Garnishing defaulters' income in excess of 43 percent of median consumption for one year produces a similar decline in defaults; but, since it reduces the median equilibrium down payment from 19 percent to 9 percent, it boosts homeownership up to 4.3 percentage points (if the aggregate house price level does not adjust) and may increase house prices up to 16.1 percent (if homeownership does not adjust). The introduction of minimum down payments or income garnishment benefit a majority of the population.
Evidence for two-band magnetotransport in half-metallic chromium dioxide

Magnetotransport measurements were made on patterned, (110) oriented ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ thin films grown by the high-pressure, thermal decomposition of ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{3}$ onto rutile substrates. The low-temperature Hall effect exhibits a sign reversal from positive to negative as the magnetic field is increased above 1 T, which may be interpreted within a simple two-band model as indicating the presence of highly mobile $({\ensuremath{\mu}}_{h}=0.25{\mathrm{m}}^{2}/\mathrm{V}\mathrm{}\mathrm{s})$ holes as well as a much larger number of less mobile electrons $(n=0.4$ electrons/Cr). Between 50 and 100 K, the field at which the sign reversal occurs rapidly increases and a contribution from the anomalous Hall effect becomes significant, while the large, positive transverse magnetoresistance (MR) observed at low temperatures changes over to a predominantly negative MR. These changes correlate with a thermally activated dependence in the resistivity of the form ${T}^{2}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Delta}/T}$ with $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\approx}80\mathrm{K},$ reflecting the lack of temperature dependence in the resistivity at low temperatures and a ${T}^{2}$ behavior above 100 K. The high mobilities at low temperature which result in the observed positive MR reflect the suppression of spin-flip scattering expected for a half-metallic system. However, the changes in magnetotransport above the temperature $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ must be due to the onset of spin-flip scattering, even though ${k}_{B}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is much less than the expected energy gap in the minority spin density of states. The significance of $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is discussed in terms of recent models for another half-metallic system, the perovskite manganites, and the possible formation of ``shadow bands. ''
WHAT FACTORS OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE PREDICT TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL LEADERS

Emerson K. Keung, WHAT FACTORS OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE PREDICT TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL LEADERS (under the direction of Dr. Amanda Rockinson-Szapkiw, Ed.D.) School of Education, July, 2011 International schools are a microcosm of the globalization that is occurring throughout the world. Effective leadership is critical to ensure that schools are successful in accomplishing their missions. This study examines if there is a relationship between cultural intelligence and effective leadership, defined as transformational leadership, in international school leaders, and if so, what factor(s) of cultural intelligence best predicts transformational leadership in international school leaders. International school leaders received an online survey that included the Cultural Intelligence Scale and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X. Standard multiple regression analysis was used. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between cultural intelligence and transformational leadership in international school leaders. The four factors of cultural intelligence significantly predict transformational leadership and all five factors of transformational leadership in international school leaders. Cultural intelligence should be an important consideration in the selection, training, and professional development of international school leaders, in integrating cultural intelligence into Higher Education curriculum, and in domestic educational contexts. Descriptors: Cultural Intelligence, Transformational Leadership, International Schools, Intercultural Effectiveness
Yield gap analysis of rapeseed-mustard through front line demonstrations.

Front Line Demonstration is an appropriate tool to demonstrate recommended technologies among the farmers. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ratlam (M.P.) conducted 50 demonstrations on mustard since 2005-06 to 2009-10 in five adopted villages. The critical inputs were identified in exsting production technology through farmers meetings and group disscussions with the farmers. The average five years data revealed that an average yield of demonstration plot was obtained 18.94 q/ha. over local check (13.94q/ha) with an additional yield of 4.97q/ha and the increase average mustard productivity by 33.80%. Tzhe average technological gap and technological index were found to be 6.05 and 24.21%, respectivily.
Audit Pricing in Private Firms

Prior research has examined audit pricing for publicly held firms and provided some evidence of a Big 8 premium in pricing. We investigate audit pricing among private firms for the first time, and we compare audit pricing for private and listed clients. The relatively great degree of dispersion in auditor choice (between Big 5 and non-Big 5 auditors) in our large sample of privately held audit clients allows us the opportunity to estimate the predicted auditor choice for each firm. We present evidence that when the auditor choice variable is separated into an expected and a surprise component, the expected component shows no evidence of a Big 5 premium while the surprise component bears such a premium in some cases. We suggest that when the choice variable is not separated into these components, the endogeneity of audit fees and audit attributes is likely to result in parameter identification and/or estimation bias problems, which prevents meaningful interpretation of variable coefficients. Based on the methodology applied, we conclude that the majority of Big 5 clients (large or small) do not pay a premium for their auditor choice, but only those clients making unexpected or surprising auditor choices. This evidence is inconsistent with the reputation and deep pockets arguments for the existence of a Big 5 premium.
Concave switching in single and multihop networks

Switched queueing networks model wireless networks, input queued switches and numerous other networked communications systems. For single-hop networks, we consider a (α,g)-switch policy} which combines the MaxWeight policies with bandwidth sharing networks -- a further well studied model of Internet congestion. We prove the maximum stability property for this class of randomized policies. Thus these policies have the same first order behavior as the MaxWeight policies. However, for multihop networks some of these generalized polices address a number of critical weakness of the MaxWeight/BackPressure policies. For multihop networks with fixed routing, we consider the Proportional Scheduler (or (1,log)-policy). In this setting, the BackPressure policy is maximum stable, but must maintain a queue for every route-destination, which typically grows rapidly with a network's size. However, this proportionally fair policy only needs to maintain a queue for each outgoing link, which is typically bounded in number. As is common with Internet routing, by maintaining per-link queueing each node only needs to know the next hop for each packet and not its entire route. Further, in contrast to BackPressure, the Proportional Scheduler does not compare downstream queue lengths to determine weights, only local link information is required. This leads to greater potential for decomposed implementations of the policy. Through a reduction argument and an entropy argument, we demonstrate that, whilst maintaining substantially less queueing overhead, the Proportional Scheduler achieves maximum throughput stability.
Analysis of Traffic Flow Characteristics on Signalized Arterials

The characteristics of traffic flows on signalized arterials are examined within a cellular automaton microsimulation model. The model is used to analyze arterial throughput and travel times for given densities, coordination schemes, and signal spacings. A fundamental three-dimensional relationship is established between flow, density, and offsets for signalized arterials. In particular, it is shown that arterial throughput is dependent on offsets and that the constituent single-intersection limiting capacity, as determined by the saturation flow and the green splits, can be realized only under optimal coordination conditions for a limited range of densities on the arterial. This finding is a manifestation of the important role that signal coordination and, in fact, intelligent transportation systems in general play in the operation of urban street networks.
How Can Safety Nets Do More with Less? General Issues with Some Evidence from Southern Africa

This paper reviews design features by which safety nets might do more with less. It reviews the current evidence on their success in practice–including three brief reviews of southern Africa experience–and suggests a role for future policy research in furthering the goal of designing safety nets that reduce poverty in a cost-effective way. In doing so, the paper highlights a tension between the large gaps in our knowledge about the design of safety nets and the demand for short-run answers in this area.