Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of tacit knowing in organizational routines

This thesis advances an interpretivist perspective on the theory of tacit knowing and its role in organizational routines. Rather than merely acknowledging that tacit knowledge plays an important role in the context of capabilities and organizational routines, it is argued how it can be understood as emerging from human agency within the context of its use. Revisiting Polanyi’s concept of tacit knowing, a theorization of this context is proposed in which the silent integrations of subsidiary particulars give shape and meaning to focal targets in the process of knowing in practice. These integrations remain tacit for the most part of human engagement in organizational routines. However, on occasions, they breakdown when routines do not produce the intended outcomes or when unanticipated events call for a change in the ways that actions are performed. It is in these moments that routine participants step back from their activities and reflect, discuss, and reassess their actions and thus may perform the same action in a different way or perform different actions. Therefore, any breakdown in the structure of tacit knowing, whether major or minor, will inevitably affect the routine actions that organizational participants engage in their daily activities. Following this theoretical exploration, a methodological approach is described for researching tacit knowing in the context of organizational routines. Building on the premises of ethnographic research and embracing the view that routines are practices enacted by multiple individuals and manifested in sayings and doings of routine participants, the approach adopted in this thesis utilizes formal (and informal) interviews based on the Critical Incident Technique and company documentation with participants in two large public-owned organizations based in the UAE. Drawing on a dialogical theory of knowledge creation it is found that due to breakdowns routine participants fail to integrate their actions and understandings in three areas related to their (a) identities, roles, and responsibilities, (b) relations with other people, and (c) the use of artifacts (objects or tools). In attempting to restore sense of these failed integrations, routine participants provide evidence not only on how routines change (or not) but also on why they do.
Full Order Unknown Inputs Observers Design for Delay Systems

This paper presents the full order observers design for linear time delay systems with unknown inputs. A new method generalizing those existing in the literature is developed, the unknown inputs are present in both the state and the measurement equations. Conditions for the existence of these observers are given and sufficient conditions for the stability independent of delays are derived using linear matrix-inequality (LMI) formulation. The independent of internal delay and independent of delay cases are also presented. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our approach
Intracellular oxygen tension limits muscle contraction‐induced change in muscle oxygen consumption under hypoxic conditions during Hb‐free perfusion

Under acute hypoxic conditions, the muscle oxygen uptake (m V˙ O2) during exercise is reduced by the restriction in oxygen‐supplied volume to the mitochondria within the peripheral tissue. This suggests the existence of a factor restricting the m V˙ O2 under hypoxic conditions at the peripheral tissue level. Therefore, this study set out to test the hypothesis that the restriction in m V˙ O2 is regulated by the net decrease in intracellular oxygen tension equilibrated with myoglobin oxygen saturation (∆PmbO2) during muscle contraction under hypoxic conditions. The hindlimb of male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, n = 5) was perfused with hemoglobin‐free Krebs–Henseleit buffer equilibrated with three different fractions of O2 gas: 95.0%O2, 71.3%O2, and 47.5%O2. The deoxygenated myoglobin (Mb) kinetics during muscle contraction were measured under each oxygen condition with a near‐infrared spectroscopy. The ∆[deoxy‐Mb] kinetics were converted to oxygen saturation of myoglobin (SmbO2), and the PmbO2 was then calculated based on the SmbO2 and the O2 dissociation curve of the Mb. The SmbO2 and PmbO2 at rest decreased with the decrease in O2 supply, and the muscle contraction caused a further decrease in SmbO2 and PmbO2 under all O2 conditions. The net increase in m V˙ O2 from the muscle contraction (∆m V˙ O2) gradually decreased as the ∆PmbO2 decreased during muscle contraction. The results of this study suggest that ΔPmbO2 is a key determinant of the Δm V˙ O2.
Is Consumer Confidence an Indicator of JSE Performance?

While most studies examine the impact of business confidence on market performance, we instead focus on the consumer because consumer spending habits are a natural extension of trading activity on the equity market. This particular study examines investor sentiment as measured by the Consumer Confidence Index in South Africa and its effect on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). We employ Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship across time between the Consumer Confidence Index and market performance. The results show weak evidence of a contemporaneous relationship; however, significant evidence of a Granger caused relationship is apparent. Further, changes in investor sentiment Granger-cause changes in the two indices used, generally with a lag of 9 and 12 months, but not vice versa. Thus, we find that Consumer Confidence leads JSE performance during our sample period. Our research provides evidence contradicting the common perception of consumer confidence lagging market performance, particularly in the South African context.
A new class of cryptosystems based on Chinese remainder theorem

This paper proposes new product-sum type public-key cryptosystems using the Chinese remainder theorem as the trapdoor. The security of the proposed schemes is based on the difficulty of finding a specific solution of the linear Diophantine equation. The proposed schemes are invulnerable to the low-density attack because they can realize the sufficiently high density for a practical parameter.
Exploring Brown Dwarf Disks: A 1.3 mm Survey in Taurus

We have carried out sensitive 1.3 mm observations of 20 young brown dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region, representing the largest sample of young substellar objects targeted in a deep millimeter-continuum survey to date. Under standard assumptions, the masses of brown dwarf disks range from ≲0.4 to several Jupiter masses. Their relative disk masses are comparable to those derived for coeval low-mass stars; most of them are in the ≲1%-5% range, and there is no clear change of relative disk mass with object mass from 0.015 to 3 M☉. Specifically, we do not find evidence for disk truncation, as would be expected in the ejection scenario for brown dwarf origin, although the signature of ejection may be hidden in our nondetections. We use the millimeter fluxes, complemented by mid-infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for six of our sources, and model those SEDs with a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. We find that the SEDs in the mid-infrared often exhibit lower flux levels than predicted by hydrostatic models, implying dust settling to the disk midplane. What is more, at least 25% of our targets are likely to have disks with radii >10 AU; models with smaller disks cannot reproduce the millimeter fluxes. This result is in contrast to the results of some simulations of the ejection scenario for brown dwarf formation that suggest only ~5% of ejected objects would harbor disks larger than 10 AU. Our findings imply that ejection is probably not the dominant formation process, but may still be relevant for some brown dwarfs.
The Effect of Listenability Factors on the Comprehension of Police Cautions

We examined the extent to which modifying a police caution using three listenability factors (Instructions, Listing, and Explanations) improved comprehension. A 2 (Instructions vs. No Instructions) × 2 (Listing vs. No Listing) × 2 (Explanations vs. No Explanations) between-participants design was used. Participants (N = 160) were presented verbally with one of eight cautions and asked to record their understanding of the legal rights contained in the caution. Results showed a main effect of Explanations, thus suggesting that repeating the information contained in the caution in different terms increased comprehension. Partial support was also found for the hypothesized additive interactions of modifications, as the caution containing all three modifications resulted in the highest level of comprehension. The implications of these findings for the comprehension of police cautions, and verbally delivered information in general, are discussed.
The Effect of Exercise Training Modality on Serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in memory, learning, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship of BDNF with cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear, and the effect of exercise training on BDNF has not been previously explored in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods Men and women (N = 150) with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an aerobic exercise (aerobic), resistance exercise (resistance), or a combination of both (combination) for 9 months. Serum BDNF levels were evaluated at baseline and follow-up from archived blood samples. Results Baseline serum BDNF was not associated with fitness, body composition, anthropometry, glucose control, or strength measures (all, p>0.05). Similarly, no significant change in serum BDNF levels was observed following exercise training in the aerobic (−1649.4 pg/ml, CI: −4768.9 to 1470.2), resistance (−2351.2 pg/ml, CI:−5290.7 to 588.3), or combination groups (−827.4 pg/ml, CI: −3533.3 to1878.5) compared to the control group (−2320.0 pg/ml, CI: −5750.8 to 1110.8). However, reductions in waist circumference were directly associated with changes in serum BDNF following training (r = 0.25, p = 0.005). Conclusions Serum BDNF was not associated with fitness, body composition, anthropometry, glucose control, or strength measures at baseline. Likewise, serum BDNF measures were not altered by 9 months of aerobic, resistance, or combination training. However, reductions in waist circumference were associated with decreased serum BDNF levels. Future studies should investigate the relevance of BDNF with measures of cognitive function specifically in individuals with type-2 diabetes.
Attitudes and preferences of consumers toward food allergy labeling practices by diagnosis of food allergies

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate food allergens and prevalence rates of food allergies, followed by comparison of consumer attitudes and preferences regarding food allergy labeling by diagnosis of food allergies. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 543 individuals living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area participated in the survey from October 15 to 22 in 2013. RESULTS The results show that the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed food allergies was 17.5%, whereas 6.4% of respondents self-reported food allergies. The most common allergens of doctor-diagnosed and self-reported food allergy respondents were peaches (30.3%) and eggs (33.3%), respectively, followed by peanuts, cow's milk, and crab. Regarding consumer attitudes toward food labeling, checking food allergens as an item was only significantly different between allergic and non-allergic respondents among all five items (P < 0.001). All respondents reported that all six items (bold font, font color, box frame, warning statement, front label, and addition of potential allergens) were necessary for an improved food allergen labeling system. PLSR analysis determined that the doctor-diagnosed group and checking of food allergens were positively correlated, whereas the non-allergy group was more concerned with checking product brands. CONCLUSIONS An effective food labeling system is very important for health protection of allergic consumers. Additionally, government agencies must develop policies regarding prevalence of food allergies in Korea. Based on this information, the food industry and government agencies should provide clear and accurate food labeling practices for consumers.
Chemical evolution of dwarf spheroidal and blue compact galaxies

We studied the star formation and chemical evolution in a sample of eight dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies of the Local Group and in blue compact galaxies (BCGs) by means of comparison between the predictions of chemical evolution models and several observed abundance ratios. Detailed models with up-to-date nucleosynthesis taking into account the role played by supernovae of different types (II, Ia) were developed for both types of galaxies, allowing us to follow the evolution of several chemical elements (H, D, He, C, N, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca and Fe). The models are specified by the prescriptions of the star formation and galactic wind efficiencies chosen to reproduce the main features of these galaxies. The BCGs are characterized by a star formation proceeding in several short bursts separated by long quiescent periods and by a low wind efficiency, whereas one or two long bursts and a very efficient wind well describe the dSph galaxies. We also investigated a possible connection in the evolution of dSph and BCGs and compared the predictions of the models to the abundance ratios observed in damped Lyman a systems (DLAs). The main conclusions are: (i) the observed distribution of [a/Fe] versus [Fe/H] in dSph galaxies is mainly a result of the star formation rate coupled with the wind efficiency; (ii) a low star formation efficiency (v = 0.01-1 Gyr - 1 ) and a high wind efficiency (w i ∼ 5-15) are required to reproduce the observational data for dSph galaxies; (iii) the low gas content of these galaxies is the result of the combined action of gas consumption by star formation and gas removal by galactic winds; (iv) the abundance ratios of the BCGs are reproduced by models with two to seven bursts of star formation and an efficiency in the range v = 0.1-0.9 Gyr - 1 ; (v) the low values of N/O observed in BCGs are the natural result of a bursting star formation; (vi) a connection between dSph and BCGs in a unified evolutionary scenario is unlikely; (vii) the models for both the dSph galaxies and BCGs reproduce the abundance ratios observed in DLAs, but imply different formation scenarios for these objects; (viii) a suitable amount of primary N produced in massive stars can be perhaps an explanation for the low plateau in the [N/a] distribution observed in DLAs, if real.
Secretory protein translocation in a yeast cell-free system can occur posttranslationally and requires ATP hydrolysis

We describe an in vitro system with all components derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can translocate a yeast secretory protein across microsomal membranes. In vitro transcribed prepro-alpha- factor mRNA served to program a membrane-depleted yeast translation system. Translocation and core glycosylation of prepro-alpha-factor were observed when yeast microsomal membranes were added during or after translation. A membrane potential is not required for translocation. However, ATP is required for translocation and nonhydrolyzable analogues of ATP cannot serve as a substitute. These findings suggest that ATP hydrolysis may supply the energy required for translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum.
IQ and Stock Market Participation

Stock market participation is monotonically related to IQ, controlling for wealth, income, age, and other demographic and occupational information. The high correlation between IQ, measured early in adult life, and participation, exists even among the affluent. Supplemental data from siblings, studied with an instrumental variables approach and regressions that control for family effects, demonstrate that IQ’s influence on participation extends to females and does not arise from omitted familial and non-familial variables. High-IQ investors are more likely to hold mutual funds and larger numbers of stocks, experience lower risk, and earn higher Sharpe ratios. We discuss implications for policy and finance research.
The Microtubule-Stabilizing Agent, Epothilone D, Reduces Axonal Dysfunction, Neurotoxicity, Cognitive Deficits, and Alzheimer-Like Pathology in an Interventional Study with Aged Tau Transgenic Mice

Neurodegenerative tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by insoluble deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein within brain neurons. Increased phosphorylation and decreased solubility has been proposed to diminish normal tau stabilization of microtubules (MTs), thereby leading to neuronal dysfunction. Earlier studies have provided evidence that small molecule MT-stabilizing drugs that are used in the treatment of cancer may have utility in the treatment of tauopathies. However, it has not been established whether treatment with a small molecule MT-stabilizing compound will provide benefit in a transgenic model with pre-existing tau pathology, as would be seen in human patients with clinical symptoms. Accordingly, we describe here an interventional study of the brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing agent, epothilone D (EpoD), in aged PS19 mice with existing tau pathology and related behavioral deficits. EpoD treatment reduced axonal dystrophy and increased axonal MT density in the aged PS19 mice, which led to improved fast axonal transport and cognitive performance. Moreover, the EpoD-treated PS19 mice had less forebrain tau pathology and increased hippocampal neuronal integrity, with no dose-limiting side effects. These data reveal that brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing drugs hold promise for the treatment of AD and related tauopathies, and that EpoD could be a candidate for clinical testing.
One-day quadruple therapy compared with 7-day triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection has had an impact on the treatment and recurrence rates of peptic ulcer disease and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Treatment options are cumbersome, expensive, and associated with side effects. METHODS Randomized, prospective, open-labeled equivalence trial with a parallel-group design to compare eradication rates of H pylori with a 1-day, 4-drug regimen with a 7-day, 3-drug regimen. A total of 160 patients with dyspepsia and a Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score of at least 3 had a urea breath test labeled with carbon 14. Patients who tested positive were randomized to 1 of the 2 study groups. The study was designed to test the therapeutic equivalence of 1-day and 7-day regimens based on the percentage of H pylori eradication in each group at 5 weeks. RESULTS The 1-day treatment group (n = 80) had a slightly higher eradication percentage (95%) than the 7-day group (90%). The possible inferiority of the 1-day treatment relative to the 7-day treatment, a 15% difference in the number of patients whose infection was not eradicated at 5 weeks, was rejected (P<.001; 90% confidence interval, 2.7%-11%). Both groups demonstrated a mean decrease of 7.5 points in the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score. The 2 groups showed no significant differences in side effects. Patients whose treatment failed (4 in the 1-day treatment group and 7 in the 7-day treatment group) were re-treated for 10 days. One patient from the 7-day treatment group still tested positive after the second treatment. CONCLUSIONS The 1-day treatment proved to be statistically similar to the 7-day treatment for the eradication of H pylori in patients with dyspepsia and a positive urea breath test. Further evaluation will be necessary to determine whether the 1-day regimen is adequate for patients with peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, or gastric adenocarcinoma.
Soft tensegrity robots

Living organisms intertwine soft (e.g., muscle) and hard (e.g., bones) materials, giving them an intrinsic flexibility and resiliency often lacking in conventional rigid robots. The emerging field of soft robotics seeks to harness these same properties in order to create resilient machines. The nature of soft materials, however, presents considerable challenges to aspects of design, construction, and control -- and up until now, the vast majority of gaits for soft robots have been hand-designed through empirical trial-and-error. This manuscript describes an easy-to-assemble tensegrity-based soft robot capable of highly dynamic locomotive gaits and demonstrating structural and behavioral resilience in the face of physical damage. Enabling this is the use of a machine learning algorithm able to discover novel gaits with a minimal number of physical trials. These results lend further credence to soft-robotic approaches that seek to harness the interaction of complex material dynamics in order to generate a wealth of dynamical behaviors.
The sovability of norm, bilinear and quadratic equations over finite fields via spectra of graphs

Abstract. In this paper we will give a unified proof of several results on the sovability of systems of certain equations over finite fields, which were recently obtained by Fourier analytic methods. Roughly speaking, we show that almost all systems of norm, bilinear or quadratic equations over finite fields are solvable in any large subset of vector spaces over finite fields.
Modélisation de la mortalité bovine dans un objectif de surveillance épidémiologique

La surveillance syndromique est un concept recent en epidemiologie. Fondee sur le suivi automatise d’indicateurs de sante non specifiques, cette nouvelle approche offre des perspectives interessantes pour la detection de phenomenes pathologiques emergents. Nous nous sommes bases sur les donnees actuellement collectees en France sur la mortalite bovine pour evaluer la faisabilite et la pertinence d’un systeme de surveillance syndromique base sur cet indicateur. Nous avons d’abord modelise le niveau de reference de la mortalite bovine en France puis propose des methodes pour identifier et quantifier d’eventuels exces de mortalite. Nous avons d’abord analyse des donnees reelles pour estimer retrospectivement les consequences sur la mortalite de l’epizootie de fievre catarrhale ovine qui a touche le cheptel bovin francais en 2007 et 2008. Nous avons ensuite propose une methode visant a identifier des regroupements d’unites spatiales presentant des augmentations inhabituelles de mortalite, et evalue ses performances pour detecter des foyers d’une maladie infectieuse dont nous avons simule la propagation dans le cheptel bovin. Sur la base de ces travaux, nous discutons finalement de l’interet pour la protection de la sante animale d’un systeme de surveillance non specifique base sur la mortalite, et emettons des propositions pour la mise en place operationnelle d’un tel systeme.