Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Structural Brain Changes and Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective The primary purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the early response to surgery on brain structure and cognitive function in patients with breast cancer. It was hypothesized that the structure of the thalamus would change during the early response after surgery due to the effects of anesthesia and would represent one aspect of an intermediate phenotype of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods We examined 32 postmenopausal females with breast cancer and 20 age-matched controls. We assessed their cognitive function (attention, memory, and executive function), and performed brain structural MRI 1.5 ± 0.5 days before and 5.6 ± 1.2 days after surgery. Results We found a significant interaction between regional grey matter volume (rGMV) in the thalamus (P < 0.05, familywise error (FWE), small volume correction (SVC)) and one attention domain subtest (P = 0.001, Bonferroni correction) after surgery in the patient group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the changes in attention were significantly associated with sevoflurane anesthetic dose (r 2 = 0.247, β = ‒0.471, P = 0.032) and marginally associated with rGMV changes in the thalamus (P = 0.07, FWE, SVC) in the Pt group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that alterations in brain structure, particularly in the thalamus, may occur shortly after surgery and may be associated with attentional dysfunction. This early postoperative response to anesthesia may represent an intermediate phenotype of POCD. It was assumed that patients experiencing other risk factors of POCD, such as the severity of surgery, the occurrence of complications, and pre-existing cognitive impairments, would develop clinical POCD with broad and multiple types of cognitive dysfunction.
Intranuclear degradation of nonsense codon‐containing mRNA

Most vertebrate mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs) are specifically recognized and degraded by a process referred to as nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) while still associated with the nucleus. However, it is still a matter of debate whether PTCs can be identified by intranuclear scanning or only by ribosomes on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope. Here we show that inhibition of mRNA export by two independent approaches does not affect the downregulation of PTC‐containing T‐cell receptor β transcripts in the nuclear fraction of mammalian cells, providing strong evidence for intranuclear NMD. Our results are fully consistent with recently reported evidence for nuclear translation and suggest that an important biological role for nuclear ribosomes is the early elimination of nonsense mRNA during a pioneer round of translation.
Meritocracy, difference and choice: women's experiences of advantage and disadvantage at work

Purpose – This editorial aims to introduce the special issue on meritocracy, difference and choice.Design/methodology/approach – The first part is a commentary on key issues in the study of the notions of meritocracy, difference and choice. The second part presents the six papers in the special issue.Findings – Five of the six papers in this special issue explore the work experiences of women managers/directors in senior positions within a variety of organizations. All of these papers demonstrate that despite their economic empowerment, these women are still strongly connected to the domestic realm through their continued entanglement in the traditional roles of mother and homemaker. This has led them to interpret their work situation either through a consideration of what they understand by the notion of merit or a presentation of their situation through the lens of choice. A further paper which explores the experiences of sex workers exposes the gendered nature of agency, highlighting the limitations on.
Memory for medical history: Accuracy of recall

Medical diagnosis often depends on the ability of patients to recall and report their medical history. In this study 104 people kept health diaries for 3 months, recording the incidence, frequency, data, duration, and severity of health events (symptoms, illnesses, injuries, visits to health professionals, and medication). Memory for the events recorded was tested immediately after the diary-keeping period or at 1 month or 3 months later. Effects of age, gender, education, health status, anxiety, and retention interval were observed. With a free recall procedure only 47 per cent of health events were recalled. Following the free recall two different kinds of intervention were compared. Use of a recognition checklist yielded recall of 29 per cent of the forgotten events but with a cognitive interview procedure only 6 per cent of the forgotten items were retrieved.
Pressure-jump X-ray studies of liquid crystal transitions in lipids

In this paper, we give an overview of our studies by static and time-resolved X-ray diffraction of inverse cubic phases and phase transitions in lipids. In §1, we briefly discuss the lyotropic phase behaviour of lipids, focusing attention on non-lamellar structures, and their geometric/topological relationship to fusion processes in lipid membranes. Possible pathways for transitions between different cubic phases are also outlined. In §2, we discuss the effects of hydrostatic pressure on lipid membranes and lipid phase transitions, and describe how the parameters required to predict the pressure dependence of lipid phase transition temperatures can be conveniently measured. We review some earlier results of inverse bicontinuous cubic phases from our laboratory, showing effects such as pressure-induced formation and swelling. In §3, we describe the technique of pressure-jump synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We present results that have been obtained from the lipid system 1 : 2 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine/lauric acid for cubic–inverse hexagonal, cubic–cubic and lamellar–cubic transitions. The rate of transition was found to increase with the amplitude of the pressure-jump and with increasing temperature. Evidence for intermediate structures occurring transiently during the transitions was also obtained. In §4, we describe an IDL-based ‘AXcess’ software package being developed in our laboratory to permit batch processing and analysis of the large X-ray datasets produced by pressure-jump synchrotron experiments. In §5, we present some recent results on the fluid lamellar–Pn3m cubic phase transition of the single-chain lipid 1-monoelaidin, which we have studied both by pressure-jump and temperature-jump X-ray diffraction. Finally, in §6, we give a few indicators of future directions of this research. We anticipate that the most useful technical advance will be the development of pressure-jump apparatus on the microsecond time-scale, which will involve the use of a stack of piezoelectric pressure actuators. The pressure-jump technique is not restricted to lipid phase transitions, but can be used to study a wide range of soft matter transitions, ranging from protein unfolding and DNA unwinding and transitions, to phase transitions in thermotropic liquid crystals, surfactants and block copolymers.
Inspiratory Muscle Training in the Intensive Care Unit: A New Perspective

Background Prolonged use of mechanical ventilation (MV) leads to weakening of the respiratory muscles, especially in patients subjected to sedation, but this effect seems to be preventable or more quickly reversible using respiratory muscle training. The aims of the study were to assess variations in respiratory and hemodinamic parameters with electronic inspiratory muscle training (EIMT) in tracheostomized patients requiring MV and to compare these variations with those in a group of patients subjected to an intermittent nebulization program (INP). Methods This was a pilot, prospective, randomized study of tracheostomized patients requiring MV in one intensive care unit (ICU). Twenty-one patients were randomized: 11 into the INP group and 10 into the EIMT group. Two patients were excluded in experimental group because of hemodynamic instability. Results In the EIMT group, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) after training was significantly higher than that before (P = 0.017), there were no hemodynamic changes, and the total weaning time was shorter than in the INP group (P = 0.0192). Conclusion The EIMT device is safe, promotes an increase in MIP, and leads to a shorter ventilator weaning time than that seen in patients treated using INP.
The "Civilizing" of Indigenous People in Nineteenth-Century Canada

This article explores the nineteenth-century concept of "civilization" that was used to direct policies toward indigenous peoples in Canada. In Canada attitudes towards native "civilization" as material culture, which was seen as independent from, and superior to, other aspects of culture. This article analyzes Victorian concepts of "civilization" as represented in the writings of John Stuart Mill, E. B. Tylor, John Lubbock, Daniel Wilson, and missionaries. It then traces the ideas of Canadian officials and politicians concerned with Indian administration to show how these ideas reflected similar notions. Official language is seen to have formed part of a general Victorian discourse of "civilization" that excluded Indians from both self-governance and participation in the European community.
Goal-directed behaviors in marketing: The role of emotion, volition, and motivation

Much of marketing behavior is purposive. Yet little theory and even less research can be found in the literature concerning purposive marketing activities. This special issue focuses upon the role of emotions in goal-directed consumption. Emotions perform different functions and operate at different levels under various stages of consumer decision making. The five articles presented in this issue reflect this. In the first article, Mano explores the moderating effects of emotions. Pleasantness and arousal interact with involvement to govern the course of information processing in a persuasion context. In the next two articles, emotions function as intervening variables. Miller and Marks study the ability of emotions to mediate the effect of personality on product satisfaction. They operationalize emotions as positive and negative affects, where each component of affect consists of an aggregation of multiple discrete emotional responses. Sherman, Mathur, and Smith investigate the power of emotions to mediate the effects of environmental retail stimuli on shopping behaviors. Emotion here was conceived as a two-dimensional pleasure/arousal phenomenon. Emotions function as well as important dependent variables in the fourth article, by Mooradian and Olver. Here emotions were measured through a number of positive affect and arousal/activity items. Gould
Charged Assembly Helix Motif in Murine Leukemia Virus Capsid: an Important Region for Virus Assembly and Particle Size Determination

ABSTRACT We have identified a region near the C terminus of capsid (CA) of murine leukemia virus (MLV) that contains many charged residues. This motif is conserved in various lengths in most MLV-like viruses. One exception is that spleen necrosis virus (SNV) does not contain a well-defined domain of charged residues. When 33 amino acids of the MLV motif were deleted to mimic SNV CA, the resulting mutant produced drastically reduced amounts of virions and the virions were noninfectious. Furthermore, these viruses had abnormal sizes, often contained punctate structures resembling those in the cell cytoplasm, and packaged both ribosomal and viral RNA. When 11 or 15 amino acids were deleted to modify the MLV CA to resemble those from other gammaretroviruses, the deletion mutants produced virions at levels comparable to those of the wild-type virus and were able to complete one round of virus replication without detectable defects. We generated 10 more mutants that displayed either the wild-type or mutant phenotype. The distribution of the wild-type or mutant phenotype did not directly correlate with the number of amino acids deleted, suggesting that the function of the motif is determined not simply by its length but also by its structure. Structural modeling of the wild-type and mutant proteins suggested that this region forms α-helices; thus, we termed this motif the “charged assembly helix. ” This is the first description of the charged assembly helix motif in MLV CA and demonstration of its role in virus budding and assembly.
Moment tests for window length selection in singular spectrum analysis of short– and long–memory processes

In this paper, we propose a new methodology for selecting the window length in Singular Spectral Analysis in which the window length is determined from the data prior to the commencement of modelling. The selection procedure is based on statistical tests designed to test the convergence of the autocovariance function. A classical time series portmanteau type statistic and two test statistics derived using a conditional moment principle are considered. The first two are applicable to short–memory processes, and the third is applicable to both short– and long–memory processes. We derive the asymptotic null and alternative distributions of the statistics under fairly general regularity conditions. Consistency of the tests implies that the selection criteria will identify true convergence with a finite window length with probability arbitrarily close to one as the sample size increases. Results obtained using Monte Carlo simulation point to the relevance of the asymptotic theory and show that the conditional moment tests will choose a window length consistent with the Whitney embedding theorem. Application to observations on the Southern Oscillation Index shows how observed experimental behaviour can be reflected in features seen with real world data sets.
The Need for Culturally Relevant Dance Education

Abstract There is a need for culturally relevant teaching in dance education. Many dance teachers have heard the buzz words “culturally relevant teaching methods. ” Yet these dance educators acknowledge that the “dance culture” is not always synonymous with “culturally relevant. ” This paper examines the issue of culturally relevant teaching methods in dance education and makes suggestions for development in this area. The author refects on the impact traditional dance training and hierarchy can have on students. While many students of color adapt to and accept this system, there are countless others who are turned-off by the exclusive approach of their dance instructors, therefore never fulflling their potential as dancers. What impact, then, does the traditional dance training process have on students of color, their artwork, and consequently their teaching methods? This article explores these issues and offers practical teaching strategies. In addition it presents questions for refection on the classifcation of cultural “social dances. ”
Realities and Feelings in the Work of Primary Heads

ABSTRACT This article examines the affective nature of day‐to‐day primary school headship. The author points to differences in the kinds of tasks that heads do each day and suggests that these determine their prevailing feelings. A distinction is made between work that merely keeps the school operating and work that helps the head to shape the school. It is argued that the former provides few satisfactions for heads, while satisfactions gained from the latter are often transient. Spending time with children is an aspect of ‘personal work’ that provides heads with their most deeply felt satisfactions. One effect of the government's reforms is to intensify those features of heads’ work that offer little emotional sustenance, while eroding those that do
Feeling Superior but Threatened: The Relation of Narcissism to Social Comparison

The relationship of narcissism to naturalistic social comparison was examined in a daily diary study. Of the participants, 98 reported the social comparisons that they encountered and noticed in their everyday lives over a 3-day period. Participants reported experiencing positive affect from downward comparisons and negative affect from upward comparisons. These relationships were moderated by narcissistic personality traits, such that individuals high in narcissistic traits tended to experience more extreme affective responses to social comparison than did individuals low in narcissistic personality traits. Individuals with higher narcissism scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Hall, 1979) experienced increased positive affect from downward comparison and increased hostility from upward comparison; individuals with higher scores on the exploitiveness or entitlement subscale of the NPI experienced bolstered positive affect and self-esteem from downward comparison. These findings suggest that narcissists' extreme mood variability and reactivity, which have been observed in previous research, can be partially accounted for by their sensitivity to social comparison information.
Factor-XIIIa-Positive Dendrocytes in Drug-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Lyell’s Syndrome): Paradoxical Activation in Skin and Rarefaction in Lymph Nodes

Background: Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare life-threatening disease characterized by the extensive destruction of the epidermis contrasting with the discreteness of lymphoid cell infiltration. The precise pathomechanism of the disease remains unclear. Methods: Skin specimens and peripheral and thoracic lymph nodes (LNs) were collected from 2 TEN patients. They were examined by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed to factor XIIIa (dermal dendrocytes), CD1a (Langerhans cells), CD15 (granulocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), CD45RO (activated T lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages) and the proliferation marker Ki-67. LNs from patients with mycosis fungoides, from subjects dead from acute cardiac failure or traumatic injuries, as well as metastasis-free sentinel LNs of cutaneous melanoma served as positive and negative controls. Results: TEN LNs showed absence of germinal centers but a moderate hyperplasia of the paracortical T cell zone. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal any distinctive aspect in LN cellular densities between TEN and other control conditions except for the factor-XIIIa+ dendritic cells which were dramatically reduced in numbers in TEN LNs. This rarefaction in LNs contrasted with the great number of these cells in the skin of the same patients. Conclusion: The structure of TEN LNs rules out the involvement of an antibody-mediated response. As dendritic factor-XIIIa+ cells are involved in most cutaneous T-cell-mediated responses, their depletion in TEN LNs could explain the sparse lymphoid cell infiltrate in lesional TEN skin.
Blockage of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and upregulation of let 7b are critically involved in ursolic acid induced apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma cell

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPN), which is caused by asbestos exposure, is one of aggressive lung tumors. In the present study, we elucidated the anti-tumor mechanism of ursolic acid in malignant mesotheliomas. Ursolic acid significantly exerted cytotoxicity in a time and dose dependent manner in H28, H2452 and MSTO-211H mesothelioma cells and inhibited cell proliferation by colony formation assay in a dose-dependent fashion. Also, ursolic acid treatment accumulated the sub-G1 population, attenuated the expression of procapase 9, cyclin D1, pAKT, p-glycogen synthase kinase 3-alpha/beta (pGSK3α/β), β-catenin and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) and also cleaved caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in mesothelioma cells. Furthermore, ursolic acid treatment blocked epithelial and mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecules by activating E-cadherin as an epithelial marker and attenuating Vimentin, and Twist as mesenchymal molecules. Interestingly, miRNA array revealed that 23 miRNAs (>2 folds) including let-7b and miRNA3613-5p, miRNA134 and miRNA196b were significantly upregulated while 33 miRNAs were downregulated in ursolic acid treated H2452 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of let 7b using let-7b mimics enhanced the antitumor effect of ursolic acid to attenuate the expression of procaspases 3, pro-PARP, pAKT, β-catenin and Twist and increase sub-G1 accumulation in H2452 mesothelioma cells. Overall, our findings suggest that ursolic acid induces apoptosis via inhibition of EMT and activation of let7b in mesothelioma cells as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of malignant mesotheliomas.
Effect of infertility on mothers' and fathers' interactions with young infants

Abstract The influence of infertility on mothers' and fathers' interactions with young infants was examined in 30 couples who achieved pregnancy after infertility, 21 adoptive couples, and 19 normally fertile couples. Adoptive mothers and fathers were more similar in interaction time than biological parents. The main effect for 'parent gender' from repeated measures ANOVAs indicated fathers had less interaction time than mothers and provided less of all types of stimulation except game playing. 'Significant group by gender' interactions indicated that adoptive mothers showed the least feeding, holding, body contact, looking, and touching of all mothers and fertile mothers the most. Adoptive fathers displayed the largest amount of these behaviours and fertile fathers the least. The behaviours of mothers and fathers were similar when they were the only ones interacting with the infant. Thus, fathers with a history of infertility, and especially adoption, appear to be more involved in interacting with their .
Topic Independent Identification of Agreement and Disagreement in Social Media Dialogue

Research on the structure of dialogue has been hampered for years because large dialogue corpora have not been available. This has impacted the dialogue research community's ability to develop better theories, as well as good off the shelf tools for dialogue processing. Happily, an increasing amount of information and opinion exchange occur in natural dialogue in online forums, where people share their opinions about a vast range of topics. In particular we are interested in rejection in dialogue, also called disagreement and denial, where the size of available dialogue corpora, for the first time, offers an opportunity to empirically test theoretical accounts of the expression and inference of rejection in dialogue. In this paper, we test whether topic-independent features motivated by theoretical predictions can be used to recognize rejection in online forums in a topic independent way. Our results show that our theoretically motivated features achieve 66% accuracy, an improvement over a unigram baseline of an absolute 6%.
The Cost of Keeping Track

I show that a lump-sum cost incurred for keeping track of future transactions predicts several known departures from the standard discounting model: an agent who incurs such costs will exhibit decreasing impatience with preference reversals; a magnitude eect, i.e. discounting large amounts less than small amounts; a sign eect, i.e. discounting gains more than losses; and an Andreoni-Sprenger (2012) type reduction of discounting and decreasing impatience when delayed outcomes are added onto existing delayed outcomes. In addition, agents of this type will under certain circumstances prefer to “pre-crastinate”, i.e. incur losses sooner rather than later, which is a common feature of everyday experience but is currently not captured in discounting models. Additionally, the model generates loss aversion, one of the hallmarks of prospect theory. Finally, the model predicts status quo bias and default choice. In particular, it predicts that agents will fail to adopt profitable technologies, not because they do not value them, but because they forget to undertake the steps necessary to use them. The model further predicts that this problem can be alleviated through reminders, for which agents are willing to pay. Examples in development economics include SMS reminders to save, chlorine dispensers at the water source, vaccination camps, and reminders to use fertilizer.