Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic editing of footage from multiple social cameras

We present an approach that takes multiple videos captured by social cameras---cameras that are carried or worn by members of the group involved in an activity---and produces a coherent "cut" video of the activity. Footage from social cameras contains an intimate, personalized view that reflects the part of an event that was of importance to the camera operator (or wearer). We leverage the insight that social cameras share the focus of attention of the people carrying them. We use this insight to determine where the important "content" in a scene is taking place, and use it in conjunction with cinematographic guidelines to select which cameras to cut to and to determine the timing of those cuts. A trellis graph representation is used to optimize an objective function that maximizes coverage of the important content in the scene, while respecting cinematographic guidelines such as the 180-degree rule and avoiding jump cuts. We demonstrate cuts of the videos in various styles and lengths for a number of scenarios, including sports games, street performances, family activities, and social get-togethers. We evaluate our results through an in-depth analysis of the cuts in the resulting videos and through comparison with videos produced by a professional editor and existing commercial solutions.
Differential response in the human amygdala to racial outgroup vs ingroup face stimuli

Here we describe response in the human amygdala to the presentation of racial outgroup vs ingroup faces. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures of brain activity were acquired while subjects who identified themselves as White or Black viewed photographs of both White and Black faces. Across all subjects, we observed significantly greater blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the amygdala to outgroup vs ingroup faces, but only during later stimulus presentations. A region of interest (ROI)-based analysis of these voxels revealed a significant interaction between amygdala response to outgroup and ingroup faces over time. Specifically, the greater amygdala activation to outgroup faces during later stimulus presentations was the result of amygdala response habituation to repeated presentations of ingroup faces with sustained responses to outgroup faces. The present results suggest that amygdala responses to human face stimuli are affected by the relationship between the perceived race of the stimulus face and that of the subject. Results are discussed as consistent with a role for the amygdala in encoding socially and/or biologically relevant information. We conclude that researchers seeking to study brain responses to face stimuli in human subjects should consider the relationship between the race of subjects and stimuli as a significant potential source of variance. Moreover, these data provide a foundation for future related studies in the neuroscience of social cognition and race.
Umweltbewußtsein und Umweltverhalten in Low- und High-Cost-Situationen

Zusammenfassung Gemäß der Low-Cost-Hypothese wird eine negative Korrelation zwischen den Kosten ökologischen Verhaltens und der Stärke des Effekts von Umweltbewußtsein auf das Verhalten erwartet. Die Hypothese wird in dem vorliegenden Artikel präzisiert und anhand der Daten des Surveys „Umweltbewußtsein in Deutschland 1996“ empirisch überprüft. Wir verwenden dabei zwei Teststrategien. Methode 1 geht von der Annahme aus, daß die relative Häufigkeit einer ökologischen Aktivität als Indikator der Verhaltenskosten gelten kann. Bei Methode 2 werden dagegen die Angaben der Befragten zur Entscheidungssituation herangezogen und entsprechend diesen High-Cost- von Low-Cost-Situationen unterschieden. Die Befunde sind nicht nur für die Erklärung von Umweltverhalten von Interesse. Sie liefern allgemein einen Beitrag zur Debatte über den Einfluß moralischer Überzeugungen bzw. Einstellungen auf das Verhalten und demonstrieren deutlich, daß mit schwindender Kostenträchtigkeit einer Entscheidungssituation das restriktive Modell des Homo Oeconomicus an Erklärungskraft verliert.
Structural Engineering of Metal-Mesh Structure Applicable for Transparent Electrodes Fabricated by Self-Formable Cracked Template

Flexible and transparent conducting electrodes are essential for future electronic devices. In this study, we successfully fabricated a highly-interconnected metal-mesh structure (MMS) using a self-formable cracked template. The template—fabricated from colloidal silica—can be easily formed and removed, presenting a simple and cost-effective way to construct a randomly and uniformly networked MMS. The structure of the MMS can be controlled by varying the spin-coating speed during the coating of the template solution or by stacking of metal-mesh layers. Through these techniques, the optical transparency and sheet resistance of the MMS can be designed for a specific purpose. A double-layered Al MMS showed high optical transparency (~80%) in the visible region, low sheet resistance (~20 Ω/sq), and good flexibility under bending test compared with a single-layered MMS, because of its highly-interconnected wire structure. Additionally, we identified the applicability of the MMS in the case of practical devices by applying it to electrodes of thin-film transistors (TFTs). The TFTs with MMS electrodes showed comparable electrical characteristics to those with conventional film-type electrodes. The cracked template can be used for the fabrication of a mesh structure consisting of any material, so it can be used for not only transparent electrodes, but also various applications such as solar cells, sensors, etc.
Micropropagation by Repeatedly Inducing Axillary Bud Formation of Different Gene Dosage Purple Coneflower Plants

A strategy of repeatedly inducing axillary bud formation from bud explants was tested for micro propagation of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) of different gene dosages. It was found that explants of lower gene dosage required lower concentrations of cytokinin (BA) and auxin (NAA) to achieve higher propagation rate of axillary buds, and with the most suitable BA and NAA concentrations tested, haploid had much higher propagation rate than tetraploid, while the propagation rate of diploid was much closer to that of haploid than to tetraploid. By the established culture protocol, about 1,500,000 haploid, 1,200,000 diploid and 600,000 tetraploid plantlets can be theoretically propagated from one explant in one year.
An exploration of the factors that influence nurse practitioner transition in Australia: A story of turmoil, tenacity, and triumph

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nurse practitioner (NP) legislation was introduced in Australia in 1998 with the first NPs endorsed 2 years later. Although the number of NPs has slowly increased, they still face significant challenges adjusting to their new role. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence the experience of new NPs. METHODS Ten newly appointed NPs were interviewed three to four times over a 12-month period. Using a summative content analysis, data were reduced to four key factors that influence the experience of role transition: personal, intraprofessional, interprofessional, and organizational. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate that for many participants, transition was a time of turmoil and a great deal of tenacity was required to navigate the journey. However, despite the challenges, some participants were triumphant and able to forge a successful role for themselves. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study highlights the need for the nursing profession to support new NPs. It also demonstrates that the provision of structured orientation programs is needed to facilitate effective transition to these complex and challenging roles. Clarity of expectations and a gradual increase in responsibilities are likely to optimize adjustment to the NP role.
Type-Based Exploration with Multiple Search Queues for Satisficing Planning

Utilizing multiple queues in Greedy Best-First Search (GBFS) has been proven to be a very effective approach to satisficing planning. Successful techniques include extra queues based on Helpful Actions (or Preferred Operators), as well as using Multiple Heuristics. One weakness of all standard GBFS algorithms is their lack of exploration. All queues used in these methods work as priority queues sorted by heuristic values. Therefore, misleading heuristics, especially early in the search process, can cause the search to become ineffective. Type systems, as introduced for heuristic search by Lelis et al, are a development of ideas for exploration related to the classic stratified sampling approach. The current work introduces a search algorithm that utilizes type systems in a new way – for exploration within a GBFS multiqueue framework in satisficing planning. A careful case study shows the benefits of such exploration for overcoming deficiencies of the heuristic. The proposed new baseline algorithm Type-GBFS solves almost 200 more problems than baseline GBFS over all International Planning Competition problems. Type-LAMA, a new planner which integrates Type-GBFS into LAMA-2011, solves 36.8 more problems than LAMA-2011.
Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Sperm Detergent-Resistant Membrane Fractions: Evidence for Dissociation of Lipid Rafts During Capacitation1

Abstract Mammalian sperm acquire fertilization capacity after residing in the female tract during a process known as capacitation. The present study examined whether cholesterol efflux during capacitation alters the biophysical properties of the sperm plasma membrane by potentially reducing the extent of lipid raft domains as analyzed by the isolation of detergent-resistant membrane fractions using sucrose gradients. In addition, this work investigated whether dissociation of the detergent-resistant membrane fraction during capacitation alters resident sperm raft proteins. Mouse sperm proteins associated with such fractions were studied by silver staining, tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis. Caveolin 1 was identified in sperm lipid rafts in multimeric states, including a high-molecular-weight oligomer that is sensitive to degradation under reducing conditions at high pH. Capacitation resulted in reduction of the light buoyant-density, detergent-resistant membrane fraction and decreased the array of proteins isolated within this fraction, including loss of the high-molecular-weight caveolin 1 oligomers. Proteomic analysis of sperm proteins isolated in the light buoyant-density fraction identified several proteins, including hexokinase 1, testis serine proteases 1 and 2, TEX101, hyaluronidase (PH20, SPAM1), facilitated glucose transporter 3, lactate dehydrogenase A, carbonic anhydrase IV, IZUMO, pantophysin, basigin, and cysteine-rich inhibitory secretory protein 1. Capacitation also resulted in a significant reduction of sperm labeling by the fluorescent lipid-analog DiIC16, indicating that capacitation alters the liquid-ordered domains in the sperm plasma membrane. The observations that capacitation alters the protein composition of the detergent-resistant membrane fractions is consistent with the hypothesis that cholesterol efflux during capacitation dissociates lipid raft constituents, initiating signaling events that lead to sperm capacitation.
The Influence of an Ambient Magnetic Field on Relativistic collisionless Plasma Shocks

Plasma outflows from gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, and relativistic jets, in general, interact with the surrounding medium through collisionless shocks. The microphysics of such shocks are still poorly understood, which, potentially, can introduce uncertainties in the interpretation of observations. It is now well established that the Weibel two-stream instability is capable of generating strong electromagnetic fields in the transition region between the jet and the ambient plasma. However, the parameter space of collisionless shocks is vast and still remains unexplored. In this Letter, we focus on how an ambient magnetic field affects the evolution of the electron Weibel instability and the associated shock. Using a particle-in-cell code, we have performed three-dimensional numerical experiments on such shocks. We compare simulations in which a jet is injected into an unmagnetized plasma with simulations in which the jet is injected into a plasma with an ambient magnetic field both parallel and perpendicular to the jet flow. We find that there exists a threshold of the magnetic field strength below which the Weibel two-stream instability dominates, and we note that the interstellar medium magnetic field strength lies well below this value. In the case of a strong magnetic field parallel to the jet, the Weibel instability is quenched. In the strong perpendicular case, ambient and jet electrons are strongly accelerated because of the charge separation between deflected jet electrons and less deflected jet ions. Also, the electromagnetic topologies become highly nonlinear and complex with the appearance of antiparallel field configurations.
Recovered Patients with Stevens–Johson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Maintain Long-Lived IFN-γ and sFasL Memory Response

There is evidence that drug-specific T cells are involved in inducing keratinocyte apoptosis in acute stage of Steven-Johson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). However, there are few studies that have attempted to examine T cell memory responses over time. We sought to determine the duration of IFN-γ and sFasL memory response to causal drugs in patients with SJS and TEN after remission. Eight patients with previous SJS and TEN were enrolled. Memory T cells were measured by 10-day cultured IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming cell (ELISpot) assay. Effector T-cell responses were measured by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot assay and sFasL ELISA. The sFasL-mediated toxicities of drug-stimulated PBMC supernatants against keratinocyte line were further investigated by MTT proliferation assay and Annexin-V staining. We observed significant cultured and ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot responses against causal drugs in all 8 patients. In addition, the sFasL levels were specifically increased in the supernatant of PBMCs cultured with causal drugs from 6 of 8 patients. Drug-stimulated PBMC supernatants were cytotoxic against keratinocyte line, which was inhibited by anti-FasL mAb in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings confirmed that drug-specific IFN-γ and sFasL memory response against causal drugs could be sustained over several years and further suggest that patients should avoid causal drug re-exposure after the recovery of TEN and SJS.
A peptide hormone gene, GhPSK promotes fibre elongation and contributes to longer and finer cotton fibre.

Cotton fibres, the single-celled trichomes derived from the ovule epidermis, provide the most important natural material for the global textile industry. A number of studies have demonstrated that regulating endogenous hormone levels through transgenic approaches can improve cotton fibre qualities. Phytosulfokine-α (PSK-α) is a novel peptide hormone in plants that is involved in regulating cell proliferation and elongation. However, its potential applications in crop genetic improvement have not been evaluated. In this study, we describe how exogenous PSK-α application promotes cotton fibre cell elongation in vitro. Chlorate, an effective inhibitor of peptide sulfation, suppressed fibre elongation in ovule culture. Exogenously applied PSK-α partly restored the chlorate-induced suppression. A putative PSK gene (GhPSK) was cloned from Gossypium hirsutum. Expression pattern analysis revealed that GhPSK is preferentially expressed in rapidly elongating fibre cells (5-20 days postanthesis). Overexpression of GhPSK in cotton increased the endogenous PSK-α level and promoted cotton fibre cell elongation, resulting in longer and finer fibres. Further results from electrophysiological and physiological analyses suggest that GhPSK affects fibre development through regulation of K(+) efflux. Digital gene expression (DGE) profile analysis of GhPSK overexpression lines indicates that PSK signalling may regulate the respiratory electron-transport chain and reactive oxygen species to affect cotton fibre development. These results imply that peptide hormones are involved in cotton fibre growth and suggest a new strategy for the biotechnological improvement of cotton fibre quality.
Scheduling method with the consideration of machine setup in flexible manufacturing systems

A scheduling method that uses Petri net modeling and heuristic search is extended to handle the tool setup. The machine setup is to attach a tool to a particular machine and detach the tool from the machine, and this is a time-consuming activity. The processing time of operations varies according to the attached tool and the machine used. The method proposed in this paper uses timed-transition Petri net to model these features and applies a search algorithm to the reachability of the Petri net model to generate an optimal or near-optimal schedule. In addition, this method can determine how many tools are needed in order to reduce the makespan. Search algorithm employs an evaluation function to guide the search procedure. New heuristic functions are developed for efficient search. The experimental results that show the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented.
Global Metabolite Profiling of Synovial Fluid for the Specific Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis from Other Inflammatory Arthritis

Currently, reliable biomarkers that can be used to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from other inflammatory diseases are unavailable. To find possible distinctive metabolic patterns and biomarker candidates for RA, we performed global metabolite profiling of synovial fluid samples. Synovial fluid samples from 38 patients with RA, ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, and gout were analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS). Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant and hierarchical clustering analyses were performed for the discrimination of RA and non-RA groups. Variable importance for projection values were determined, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and the breakdown and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to identify potential biomarkers for RA. A total of 105 metabolites were identified from synovial fluid samples. The score plot of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significant discrimination between the RA and non-RA groups. The 20 metabolites, including citrulline, succinate, glutamine, octadecanol, isopalmitic acid, and glycerol, were identified as potential biomarkers for RA. These metabolites were found to be associated with the urea and TCA cycles as well as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. The metabolomic analysis results demonstrated that global metabolite profiling by GC/TOF MS might be a useful tool for the effective diagnosis and further understanding of RA.
The Determinants of Retail Productivity: A Critical Review of the Evidence

This paper discusses the literature on the established determinants of productivity in the retail sector. It also draws attention to some neglected strands of research which provide useful insights into strategies that could allow productivity enhancements in this area of the economy. To date, very few attempts have been made to integrate different specialisms in order to explain what drives productivity in retail. Here this paper rectifies this omission by putting together studies from economics, geography, knowledge management and employment studies. It is the authors’ view that quantitative studies of retail productivity should focus on total factor productivity in retailing as the result of competition/composition effects, planning regulations, information and communications technology, the multinational operation element and workforce skills. Further, the fact that retail firms possess advantages that are transferable between locations suggests that investment in strategies enhancing the transfer of explicit and tacit knowledge between and within businesses are crucial to achieve productivity gains.
A Bottom-Up Approach to Sentence Ordering for Multi-Document Summarization

Ordering information is a difficult but important task for applications generating natural language texts such as multi-document summarization, question answering, and concept-to-text generation. In multi-document summarization, information is selected from a set of source documents. However, improper ordering of information in a summary can confuse the reader and deteriorate the readability of the summary. Therefore, it is vital to properly order the information in multi-document summarization. We present a bottom-up approach to arrange sentences extracted for multi-document summarization. To capture the association and order of two textual segments (e.g. sentences), we define four criteria: chronology, topical-closeness, precedence, and succession. These criteria are integrated into a criterion by a supervised learning approach. We repeatedly concatenate two textual segments into one segment based on the criterion, until we obtain the overall segment with all sentences arranged. We evaluate the sentence orderings produced by the proposed method and numerous baselines using subjective gradings as well as automatic evaluation measures. We introduce the average continuity, an automatic evaluation measure of sentence ordering in a summary, and investigate its appropriateness for this task.
Functional Analysis of the Essential GTP-Binding-Protein-Coding Gene cgtA of Vibrio cholerae

ABSTRACT The cgtA gene, coding for the conserved G protein CgtA, is essential in bacteria. In contrast to a previous report, here we show by using genetic analysis that cgtA is essential in Vibrio cholerae even in a ΔrelA background. Depletion of CgtA affected the growth of V. cholerae and rendered the cells highly sensitive to the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea. Overexpression of V. cholerae CgtA caused distinct elongation of Escherichia coli cells. Deletion analysis indicated that the C-terminal end of CgtA plays a critical role in its proper function.
Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations: a risk factor for Lewy body disorders.

BACKGROUND Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene have been reported to modify risk for Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, these findings have not been consistently replicated, and most studies have had substantial methodological shortcomings. OBJECTIVE To better assess the role of GBA variants in altering risk for Lewy body disorders. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Four movement disorder clinics in the Seattle, Washington, area. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred twenty-one patients with PD, 554 healthy control subjects, and 57 patients with DLB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease status and presence or absence of the 2 most common GBA mutations (N370S and L444P). RESULTS We observed a significantly higher heterozygote frequency for the 2 mutations in patients with PD (2.9%; P <.001) and those with DLB (3.5%; P = .045) compared with control subjects (0.4%). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GBA mutations exert a large effect on susceptibility for Lewy body disorders at the individual level but are associated with a modest (approximately 3%) population-attributable risk in individuals of European ancestry.