Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the E ¤ ects of Government Spending Shocks on Consumption

This paper studies the impact of government consumption shocks in an estimated DSGE model of the US economy which extends the standard setup by specifying government consumption as the sum of government expenditures on goods and services and compensation of public employees. We show that accounting for the di¤erence in spending items is key in studying the impact of spending shocks. While an increase in government purchases leads to a fall in private consumption as in standard models, a similar increase in government employment or government wages can generate a rise in private consumption even for a fairly low share of ruleof-thumb consumers in the economy. This nding quali es some of the standard results in the literature. 1 Introduction This paper presents estimation results for an extension to the standard NewKeynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, which allows for a breakdown of nal government consumption into compensation of employees on one hand and government expenditure on goods and services on the other hand. Compensation of employees accounts for over 60% of nal government consumption in the United States and for over 50% in European Union member states. Notwithstanding, most of the theoretical literature focusing on the impact of nal government consumption speci es this variable as expenditure on goods and services only, entirely ignoring the part spent on compensation of employees. The views expressed in this paper belong to the authors only and do not necessarily correspond to those of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial A¤airs or the European Commission. yEuropean Commission, DG Economic and Financial A¤airs; julia.lendvai@ec.europa. eu zEuropean Commission, DG Economic and Financial A¤airs; rafal.raciborski@ec.europa. eu
ON THE DE RHAM COHOMOLOGY OF ALGEBRAIC VARIETIES

This is the final project for Prof. Bhargav Bhatt’s Math 613 in the Winter of 2015 at the University of Michigan. The purpose of this paper is to prove a result of Grothendieck [Gro66] showing, for a smooth scheme locally of finite type over C, the algebraic de Rham cohomology is isomorphic to the singular cohomology (with C-coefficients) of its analytification. Our proof follows the exposition in [EC14, Chapter 2], and it is heavily-influenced by [Gro66] and [Gil].
Global Correlations in Tropical Tree Species Richness and Abundance Reject Neutrality

Forest Diversification The relative role of neutral and deterministic processes in generating species richness in ecological communities (particularly tropical trees) has dominated recent discussions about patterns of diversity and abundance of species. Ricklefs and Renner (p. 464) present a test of random diversification and population change by comparing the numbers of individuals and species in plant families between forest plots on different continents that have diversified independently for millions of years. Stochastic theory, based on random events, predicts that there should be no correlation between the regions; however, the data reveal strong, statistically significant correlations. Thus, patterns of diversity appear to be dominated by deterministic processes. Comparison of species numbers between forests shows that patterns of diversity are dominated by deterministic processes. Patterns of species richness and relative abundance at some scales cannot be distinguished from predictions of null models, including zero-sum neutral models of population change and random speciation-extinction models of evolutionary diversification. Both models predict that species richness or population abundance produced by independent iterations of the same processes in different regions should be uncorrelated. We find instead that the number of species and individuals in families of trees in forest plots are strongly correlated across Southeast Asia, Africa, and tropical America. These correlations imply that deterministic processes influenced by evolutionarily conservative family-level traits constrain the number of confamilial tree species and individuals that can be supported in regional species pools and local assemblages in humid tropical forests.
Selecting Assessment Instruments for Problem Behavior Outcome Research With Youth

ABSTRACT Using effect sizes from Erford, Paul, Oncken, Kress, & Erford (2014) meta-analysis for treatments of oppositional defiant disorder and Erford, Bardhoshi, Ross, Gunther, & Duncan (2017) meta-analysis of conduct problems in school-aged youth, the 6 most commonly used disruptive behavior instruments were analyzed for practical and technical strengths and weaknesses, and best use recommendations for screening and counseling outcome research were provided. The instruments included the Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment (ASEBA), Revised Behavior Problem Checklist, Self-Report Delinquency Checklist, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory/Sutter-Eyberg School Behavior Inventory, Conners–3 Rating Scale, and Parent Daily Report.
An experimental comparison of decision trees in traditional data mining and data stream mining

Data Stream mining (DSM) is claimed to be the successor of traditional data mining where it is capable of mining continuous incoming data streams in real-time with an acceptable performance. Nowadays many computer applications evolved to online and on-demand basis, fresh data are feeding in at high speeds. Not only a decision response needs to be made rapidly, the trained decision tree models would have to be updated recurrently as frequent as the latest data arrive. By the nature of traditional data mining, training datasets are assumed structured and static, and the decision tree models are either refreshed in batches or never. That is, the full dataset will be completely scanned (sometimes in multiple repetitions), induction of rules by Greedy algorithm that proceeds in manner of divide-and-conquer in the case of constructing a C4.5 decision tree. DSM on the other hand progressively builds and renews the decision tree model at a time when a new pass of data come by. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of a popular decision tree in DSM, which is known as Hoeffding Tree vis-à-vis that of C4.5. A good mix of types of datasets was used in the experiments for investigating the apparent differences between the decision trees. An open-source DSM simulator was programmed in JAVA for the experiments.
Lesion detection of endoscopy images based on convolutional neural network features

Since gastroscopy is able to observe the interior of gastrointestinal tract directly, it has been widely used for gastrointestinal examination. But it is hard for clinicians to accurately detect gastrointestinal disease due to its great dependence on doctors experiences. Therefore, a computer-aided lesion detection system can offer great help for clinicians. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for endoscopy image lesion detection. A trainable feature extractor based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is utilized to get more generic features for endoscopy images. And features are fed to support vector machine (SVM) to enhance the generalization ability. Experiments show that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous conventional methods based on color and texture features.
Molecular and Cellular Alterations in Down Syndrome: Toward the Identification of Targets for Therapeutics

Down syndrome is a complex disease that has challenged molecular and cellular research for more than 50 years. Understanding the molecular bases of morphological, cellular, and functional alterations resulting from the presence of an additional complete chromosome 21 would aid in targeting specific genes and pathways for rescuing some phenotypes. Recently, progress has been made by characterization of brain alterations in mouse models of Down syndrome. This review will highlight the main molecular and cellular findings recently described for these models, particularly with respect to their relationship to Down syndrome phenotypes.
More on the language of dialogue in fiction

My interest in the language of dialogue in fiction was first aroused when I looked into sentence length (de Haan, 1993) and noticed that the two authors of the crime novels in the Nijmegen corpus were quite different in their use of what in Quirk et al. (1985) is called ‘reporting clauses’, and what in the TOSCA analysis system (Oostdijk, 1993) is referred to as ‘reporting utterances’. One of the two authors, for instance, far more often made explicit reference to somebody’s speech by means of reporting clauses than the other. The same author also used far more different verbs in these reporting utterances than the other. One of the questions that these observations naturally led to was whether they point to a different attitude of the author to representing dialogue in fiction. Variation in the use of reporting utterances had also been noticed by Oostdijk (1990), who studied five fiction texts taken from the TOSCA corpus. Oostdijk points out that dialogue in fiction has its own characteristics, which makes it like, but at the same time also different from, spoken language. It is like spoken language, as it clearly reflects the author’s attempt to represent spoken conversation. It is clearly unlike spoken language as it is planned, revised, and edited. Oostdijk assumes a continuous scale with planned discourse at one extreme and unplanned discourse at the other, suggesting that dialogue in fiction is found somewhere between these extremes. Oostdijk (1990) presents an overall picture of five fiction samples from the TOSCA corpus, but suggests that a number of observations point to the existence of idiosyncratic variation among authors. I became more interested in the question whether it is possible to present a coherent picture of this variation, while at the same time characterizing the language of dialogue in fiction more generally. In this article I will restrict myself to a discussion of some preliminary findings and I will try to indicate in which direction further research might be conducted. It should be borne in mind that the term ‘dialogue’ in this article (as in Oostdijk’s) is used to include any kind of direct speech utterance. ICAME Journal No. 20
Probing Grand Unification Through Neutrino Oscillations, Leptogenesis, and Proton Decay

Evidence in favor of supersymmetric grand unification including that based on the observed family multiplet-structure, gauge coupling unification, neutrino oscillations, baryogenesis, and certain intriguing features of quark-lepton masses and mixings is noted. It is argued that attempts to understand (a) the tiny neutrino masses (especially Delta m^2 (nu_2 -nu_3)), (b) the baryon asymmetry of the universe (which seems to need leptogenesis), and (c) the observed features of fermion masses such as the ratio m_b/m_tau, the smallness of V_cb and the maximality of theta_{nu_mu-nu_tau}, seem to select out the route to higher unification based on an effective string-unified G(224) = SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x SU(4)^c or SO(10)-symmetry, operative in 4D, as opposed to other alternatives. A predictive framework based on an effective SO(10) or G(224) symmetry possessing supersymmetry is presented that successfully describes the masses and mixings of all fermions including neutrinos. It also accounts for the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe by utilizing the process of leptogenesis, which is natural to this framework. It is argued that a conservative upper limit on the proton lifetime within this SO(10)/G(224)-framework, which is so far most successful, is given by (1/3-2) x 10^34 years. This in turn strongly suggests that an improvement in the current sensitivity by a factor of five to ten (compared to SuperK) ought to reveal proton decay. Implications of this prediction for the next-generation nucleon decay and neutrino-detector are noted.
Distinct cytokine patterns in semen influence local HIV shedding and HIV target cell activation.

BACKGROUND Semen is the main vector for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from men to women. We investigated the influence of cytokines in semen on local HIV burden and activated T cells. METHODS Blood and semen were collected from 42 HIV-negative and 38 HIV-positive men. Concentrations of 20 cytokines were measured by Luminex, and frequencies of activated T cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Semen contained higher concentrations of proinflammatory (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-6, Fractalkine, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and adaptive cytokines (IL-7 and IL-15) and higher frequencies of activated T cells compared to blood. Plasma IL-2, eotaxin, MIP-1β, and IL-15 and semen eotaxin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentrations were associated with T-cell activation. Cytokines in semen were highly coregulated in HIV-negative men; however, this network was disrupted during HIV infection. Several cytokines in semen correlated with HIV shedding (G-CSF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], IL-10). CONCLUSION Higher levels of inflammation and T-cell activation were observed in semen compared with blood. Seminal G-CSF, which influences neutrophil survival, T-cell function, and dendritic cell activation, was associated with T-cell activation and HIV shedding and may be an important target for reducing HIV shedding or risk.
to Operations Research manuscript ( Please , provide the mansucript number ! ) A Fully-Dynamic Closed-Form Solution for ∆-Hedging with Market Impact

We present a closed-form ∆-hedging result for a large investor whose trades generate adverse market impact. Unlike in the complete-market case, the agent no longer finds it tenable to be perfectly hedged or even within a fixed distance away from being hedged. Instead, he may find himself arbitrarily mishedged and optimally trades towards the classical Black-Scholes ∆, with trading intensity proportional to the degree of mishedge and inversely proportional to illiquidity. When combined with a recent result of Garleanu and Pedersen (2009), this suggests that ∆-hedging can be thought of as a Merton problem where the Merton-optimal portfolio is the Black-Scholes ∆-hedge. Both the discrete-time and continuous-time problems are solved. We discuss a number of applications of our result, including the equilibrium implications of our model on intraday trading patterns and stock pinning at options’ expiry. Finally, numerical simulations on TAQ data based on intraday hedging of call options suggest that this strategy is able to significantly minimize market impact cost without incuring a significant increase in mishedging error (with respect to a Black-Scholes ∆-hedging strategy).
Credibility limited revision

Abstract. Five types of constructions are introduced for non-prioritized belief revision, i.e., belief revision in which the input sentence is not always accepted. These constructions include generalizations of entrenchment-based and sphere-based revision. Axiomatic characterizations are provided, and close interconnections are shown to hold between the different constructions.
Cooperative multi-hop relaying via network formation games in cognitive radio networks

The cooperation between the primary and the secondary users has attracted a lot of attention in cognitive radio networks. However, most existing research mainly focuses on the single-hop relay selection for a primary transmitter-receiver pair, which might not be able to fully explore the benefit brought by cooperative transmissions. In this paper, we study the problem of multi-hop relay selection by applying the network formation game. In order to mitigate interference and reduce delay, we propose a cooperation framework FTCO by considering the spectrum sharing in both the time and the frequency domain. Then we formulate the multi-hop relay selection problem as a network formation game, in which the multi-hop relay path is computed via performing the primary player's strategies in the form of link operations. We also devise a distributed dynamic algorithm PRADA to obtain a global-path stable network. Finally, we conduct extensive numerical experiments and our results indicate that cooperative multi-hop relaying can significantly benefit both the primary and the secondary network, and that the network graph resulted from our PRADA algorithm can achieve the global-path stability.
Noncrop flowering plants restore top-down herbivore control in agricultural fields

Abstract Herbivore populations are regulated by bottom-up control through food availability and quality and by top-down control through natural enemies. Intensive agricultural monocultures provide abundant food to specialized herbivores and at the same time negatively impact natural enemies because monocultures are depauperate in carbohydrate food sources required by many natural enemies. As a consequence, herbivores are released from both types of control. Diversifying intensive cropping systems with flowering plants that provide nutritional resources to natural enemies may enhance top-down control and contribute to natural herbivore regulation. We analyzed how noncrop flowering plants planted as “companion plants” inside cabbage (Brassica oleracea) fields and as margins along the fields affect the plant–herbivore–parasitoid–predator food web. We combined molecular analyses quantifying parasitism of herbivore eggs and larvae with molecular predator gut content analysis and a comprehensive predator community assessment. Planting cornflowers (Centaurea cynanus), which have been shown to attract and selectively benefit Microplitis mediator, a larval parasitoid of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae, between the cabbage heads shifted the balance between trophic levels. Companion plants significantly increased parasitism of herbivores by larval parasitoids and predation on herbivore eggs. They furthermore significantly affected predator species richness. These effects were present despite the different treatments being close relative to the parasitoids’ mobility. These findings demonstrate that habitat manipulation can restore top-down herbivore control in intensive crops if the right resources are added. This is important because increased natural control reduces the need for pesticide input in intensive agricultural settings, with cascading positive effects on general biodiversity and the environment. Companion plants thus increase biodiversity both directly, by introducing new habitats and resources for other species, and indirectly by reducing mortality of nontarget species due to pesticides. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of how habitat manipulation affects biocontrol services of a natural enemy community including both parasitoids and generalist predators. The trophic interactions between pests, parasitoids and predators were determined to achieve a better systemic understanding of top-down herbivore control, which can be strengthened when natural enemies complement each other or dampened by intraguild interactions. Our approach to selectively enhance the third trophic level to counteract specific herbivores was successful for both predators and parasitoids. Our results show significant positive effects of companion plants on predation of pest eggs and parasitism of pest larvae. Importantly, our data also suggest that carabids, staphylinids and spiders do not substantially interfere with parasitoid biocontrol as parasitoid DNA was rarely detected in predator guts.
Raman spectroscopy: about chips and stress

Moore’s law* dictates microelectronics researchers to make integrated circuit (IC) devices smaller and to put them as close to each other as possible on a chip. This results in a better performance and a larger functionality of the chips. However, these devices also require a good electrical isolation from each other. This is in general done by the formation of a thick local oxide in the “field region” between the devices. In 1970, researchers from Philips1 invented the so-called LOCOS (LOCal Oxidation of Silicon) technique to achieve this isolation. Using a Si3N4 mask, the silicon is thermally oxidised in the nitride-free field regions. Figure 1 (left) shows a typical LOCOS structure. Although LOCOS seemed a perfect solution at that time, it came with a lot of problems, many of them related to mechanical stresses. Thermal oxidation of Si to SiO2 occurs together with a 125% volume expansion. As a result, the oxide grown in the field region, called the “field oxide”, exerts large forces on the surrounding silicon. Another major drawback of this technique is the so-called “bird’s beak”, caused by the lateral growth of the oxide under the nitride mask. This bird’s beak not only affects the intended device length, it also introduces large local mechanical stresses in the silicon, because of volume expansion, and it also deforms the nitride film. These stresses often resulted in the generation of dislocations in the silicon, which are quite harmful for the devices (see Figure 1, right). Measuring these local stresses using known techniques such as wafer bending or x-ray diffraction (XRD) was not possible at that time. The devices were too small (μm size). So, in the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, a lot of effort was spent on simulation of the oxidation process, the LOCOS formation and the induced stresses. However, this simulation process was not straightforward. The different materials had to be treated as being non-linear visco-elasto-plastic, their material parameters could change with temperature and stress, and the oxidation rate depended on the (changing) silicon crystal orientation. Although this seemed a mission impossible, many researchers succeeded in simulating the LOCOS process quite well. But this did not really solve the questions on stress. How large is this stress, what is the effect of processing parameters and materials used, and what is the effect of geometry? Answering these questions is why Raman spectroscopy found much greater utilisation within the microelectronics industry.
NEW TRENDS IN CORPORATE REPORTING: INFORMATION ON THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN SPAIN

In accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, Spain has created a National Carbon Footprint Registry by Royal Decree 163/2014. This constitutes a pioneering initiative to help Spanish companies give visibility to their efforts in reducing their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Hence, this paper explores the motivation of Spanish companies to register their carbon footprints with a higher degree of scope. We identify the characteristics of the first Spanish companies that registered their carbon footprint through a logistic regression model (logit). The study concludes that organizations are more likely to register a higher scope if they do not belong to the manufacturing sector, if they are relatively new, and have a culture of environmental transparency.
Organizational Controls and Performance Outcomes: A Meta‐Analytic Assessment and Extension

Managing employees and external partners effectively has been a primary concern for organizations and their managers. Many studies have investigated the effectiveness of organizational controls in a wide variety of contexts. Using organizational controls literature that discriminates among outcome, behaviour, and clan control, this study synthesizes the research on the effectiveness of these controls. In particular, the study examines 23,839 organizational controls–performance relationships from 120 independent samples, and tests several new hypotheses using advanced meta‐analytic methods. The results indicate that outcome, behaviour, and clan controls generally enhance performance, with each control having a distinct performance effect. Our analysis also demonstrates that controls function as complements to one another. This finding indicates that one form of control increases the effectiveness of other forms of control. We also examine the organizational controls–performance relationships across various contexts, and our results show that they vary according to the type of task. The paper concludes with a discussion on the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.