Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mixed‐mode polynomial‐type CNN for analysing brain electrical activity in epilepsy

In this paper, a mixed‐mode polynomial‐type cellular neural network (CNN) for analysing brain electrical activity in epilepsy is presented. The principles and design characteristics of this application are overviewed. The main difference of the requirements of this application compared to conventional CNN realizations is that in addition to linear, cells are also coupled with polynomial‐type couplings. A mixed‐mode CNN is shown to be suitable for the realization of a polynomial‐type CNN in the brain electrical activity analysis application. In a mixed‐mode CNN multiplication is done in analog domain, whereas the integration and storage are digital. Suitability of different integration methods for cell level realization are studied and cell and network level design of a mixed‐mode CNN is described. First‐, second‐ and third‐order polynomial feedback terms are included in the cell and Heun's integration method is used. In order to reduce the cell count, the array is designed so that it can process input data that has been divided into blocks. The whole input data is stored in parallel with the cells so that all input/output operations during processing are local. Cell structure is shown along with register connections between edge cells of the network. Analog power consumption and computing speed are estimated by HSPICE simulations using 0.25 µm digital CMOS process parameters. The die area of a network with 2×72 cells with 36 layers in each was determined by drawing the layout. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of 5 Days of Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Performance and Muscle Energy Substances

Abstract The present study was designed to determine the effect of 5 consecutive days of repeated sprint training under hypoxia on anaerobic performance and energy substances. Nineteen male sprinters performed repeated sprints for 5 consecutive days under a hypoxic (HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], 14.5%) or normoxic (NOR; FiO2, 20.9%) condition. Before and after the training period, 10-s maximal sprint, repeated sprint ability (5×6-s sprints), 30-s maximal sprint, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) tests were conducted. Muscle glycogen and PCr contents were evaluated using carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-MRS) and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), respectively. The HYPO group showed significant increases in power output during the 10-s maximal sprint (P=0.004) and repeated sprint test (P=0.004), whereas the NOR group showed no significant change after the training period. Muscle glycogen and PCr contents increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05, respectively). However, relative increases were not significantly different between groups. These findings indicated that 5 consecutive days of repeated sprint training under hypoxic conditions increased maximal power output in competitive sprinters. Furthermore, short-term sprint training significantly augmented muscle glycogen and PCr contents with little added benefit from training in hypoxia.
Statistical Properties and Variations of LOS MIMO Channels at Millimeter Wave Frequencies

Measurement results for millimeter wave LOS MIMO systems are presented with a focus on time variation and multipath propagation. Different system setups are used, including 2x2 and 3x3 MIMO, and involving different synchronization procedures and front-ends. Furthermore, different propagation scenarios are evaluated, covering a wide area of applications. The results show that the LOS component carries significantly more power than the NLOS components, and that frequency selectivity from front-ends should be taken into account when designing these high bandwidth systems. Frequency offsets and other phase variations due to transmit and receive oscillator differences are treated as part of the channel and thus, depending on the synchronization setup, the MIMO system exhibits different time variations, particularly in the case of independent local oscillators. It is also observed that these systems experience significant non-trivial long-term variations in terms of amplitude and phase.
Scaling Properties of Arctic Sea Ice Deformation in a High‐Resolution Viscous‐Plastic Sea Ice Model and in Satellite Observations

Abstract Sea ice models with the traditional viscous‐plastic (VP) rheology and very small horizontal grid spacing can resolve leads and deformation rates localized along Linear Kinematic Features (LKF). In a 1 km pan‐Arctic sea ice‐ocean simulation, the small‐scale sea ice deformations are evaluated with a scaling analysis in relation to satellite observations of the Envisat Geophysical Processor System (EGPS) in the Central Arctic. A new coupled scaling analysis for data on Eulerian grids is used to determine the spatial and temporal scaling and the coupling between temporal and spatial scales. The spatial scaling of the modeled sea ice deformation implies multifractality. It is also coupled to temporal scales and varies realistically by region and season. The agreement of the spatial scaling with satellite observations challenges previous results with VP models at coarser resolution, which did not reproduce the observed scaling. The temporal scaling analysis shows that the VP model, as configured in this 1 km simulation, does not fully resolve the intermittency of sea ice deformation that is observed in satellite data.
The Response of the Mediterranean Gorgonian Eunicella singularis to Thermal Stress Is Independent of Its Nutritional Regime

Over the last few decades, sessile benthic organisms from the Mediterranean Sea have suffered from the global warming of the world's oceans, and several mass mortality events were observed during warm summers. It has been hypothesized that mortality could have been due to a nutrient (food) shortage following the stratification of the water column. However, the symbiotic gorgonian Eunicella singularis has also presented a locally exceptional mortality, despite its autotrophic capacities through the photosynthesis of its dinoflagellate symbionts. Thus, this study has experimentally investigated the response of E. singularis to a thermal stress (temperature increase from 18 to 26°C), with colonies maintained more than 2 months under four nutritional diets: autotrophy only (AO), autotrophy and inorganic nitrogen addition (AN), autotrophy and heterotrophy (AH), heterotrophy only (HO). At 18°C, and contrary to many other anthozoans, supplementation of autotrophy with either inorganic nitrogen or food (heterotrophy) had no effect on the rates of respiration, photosynthesis, as well as in the chlorophyll, lipid and protein content. In the dark, heterotrophy maintained the gorgonian's metabolism, except a bleaching (loss of pigments), which did not affect the rates of photosynthesis. At 24°C, rates of respiration, and photosynthesis significantly decreased in all treatments. At 26°C, in addition to a decrease in the lipid content of all treatments, a bleaching was observed after 1 week in the AO treatment, while the AH and AN treatments resisted three weeks before bleaching. These last results suggest that, temperatures above 24°C impair the energetic reserves of this species and might explain the mortality events in the Mediterranean.
Actor and Action Video Segmentation from a Sentence

This paper strives for pixel-level segmentation of actors and their actions in video content. Different from existing works, which all learn to segment from a fixed vocabulary of actor and action pairs, we infer the segmentation from a natural language input sentence. This allows to distinguish between fine-grained actors in the same super-category, identify actor and action instances, and segment pairs that are outside of the actor and action vocabulary. We propose a fully-convolutional model for pixel-level actor and action segmentation using an encoder-decoder architecture optimized for video. To show the potential of actor and action video segmentation from a sentence, we extend two popular actor and action datasets with more than 7,500 natural language descriptions. Experiments demonstrate the quality of the sentence-guided segmentations, the generalization ability of our model, and its advantage for traditional actor and action segmentation compared to the state-of-the-art.
Effects of Structured Diabetes Education Program on diabetes knowledge and metabolic control in insulin-treated diabetes patients from Republic of Macedonia

Background and Aims: We aimed to compare the diabetes knowledge and metabolic control between insulin-treated diabetes patients who completed structured and those who completed unstructured diabetes education at diagnosis and to evaluate the effects of structured diabetes education program (SDEP) on diabetes knowledge and metabolic control. Subjects and Methods: Prospective, observational study of 59 insulin-treated diabetes patients invited for SDEP at University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Skopje, in the period from March 2013 to December 2014 and divided into two groups if they completed SDEP at diagnosis. Patients were tested for their diabetes knowledge (scale of 0 to 100 points) before SDEP and immediately after SDEP and evaluated for their metabolic control. Patients were invited 1 year after completion of SDEP for evaluation of their diabetes knowledge and metabolic parameters. Results: Groups were not significantly different in diabetes knowledge before SDEP (67.3 ± 11.1 vs. 68.0 ± 13.1 points, P = 0.835), and results improved in both groups after completion of SDEP (Group 1: 19.6 ± 8.9 points, P < 0.001; Group 2: 16.9 ± 7.8 points, P < 0.001) with no significant difference between groups. Diabetes knowledge 1 year after SDEP was significantly higher in Group 2 (82.9 ± 7.8 vs. 76.6 ± 11.1 points, P = 0.014). Significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin was obtained 1 year after SDEP within both groups with no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Continuous SDEP results in sustainable increase in diabetes knowledge and improved glycemic control, thus avoiding or delaying diabetes complications, and reducing the burden on the society.
Structure and shearing conditions in the Day Nui Con Voi massif: Implications for the evolution of the Red River shear zone in northern Vietnam

The Day Nui Con Voi massif bears a record of the Red River shear zone (RRSZ) activity in North Vietnam. It forms a large‐scale antiformal “core complex”‐type structure, bounded by the Song Hong and Song Chay faults. The kinematics of both faults are identical and reflect transtensional shear initiated under upper amphibolite facies conditions and propagated into greenschist facies. Microfabric analysis establishes that both extensional and strike‐slip shearing initiated between 700 and 500°C. The RRSZ evolved from a single, subvertical fault, which, due to strike‐perpendicular extension, underwent progressive dilation. The created space was “intruded” by already metamorphosed and deformed ductile middle crust in the form of a gneissic “dome. ” Both strike‐slip and extensional shearing were accommodated in the limbs of the antiform, while its core was uplifted from midcrustal level bearing only a minor record of sinistral shear.
Learning Hierarchical Representation Model for NextBasket Recommendation

Next basket recommendation is a crucial task in market basket analysis. Given a user's purchase history, usually a sequence of transaction data, one attempts to build a recommender that can predict the next few items that the user most probably would like. Ideally, a good recommender should be able to explore the sequential behavior (i.e., buying one item leads to buying another next), as well as account for users' general taste (i.e., what items a user is typically interested in) for recommendation. Moreover, these two factors may interact with each other to influence users' next purchase. To tackle the above problems, in this paper, we introduce a novel recommendation approach, namely hierarchical representation model (HRM). HRM can well capture both sequential behavior and users' general taste by involving transaction and user representations in prediction. Meanwhile, the flexibility of applying different aggregation operations, especially nonlinear operations, on representations allows us to model complicated interactions among different factors. Theoretically, we show that our model subsumes several existing methods when choosing proper aggregation operations. Empirically, we demonstrate that our model can consistently outperform the state-of-the-art baselines under different evaluation metrics on real-world transaction data.
A trial case of medical treatment for primary headache using telemedicine

Rationale: Video-based treatment in telemedicine is a potential alternative to face-to-face treatment. We describe our trial use of telemedicine to treat a patient with primary headache. Patient concerns: A 25-year-old woman visited our branch hospital with a chief complaint of recurrent headache. Our branch hospital had no headache specialist, so a headache specialist at our main hospital provided treatment remotely. Diagnoses: She was diagnosed with migraine without aura by the headache specialist using telemedicine. Interventions: The branch hospital physician and the headache specialist used video conferencing to interview and examine the patient and share cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Audio and camera angle/zoom could be adjusted during interviews, and high-quality video was continuously displayed at both hospitals simultaneously without lag between audio and video. Temporal/spatial resolution was sufficient for proper neurological evaluation. MRI had sufficient image quality and resolution for detailed interpretation. A prescription for medication was issued by the branch hospital physician and confirmed by the headache specialist. Outcomes: Zolmitriptan was effective in treating her migraine. Lessons: Telemedicine was useful for treating this primary headache patient and can contribute to regional health care. Future challenges in telemedicine include expanding its use to other areas within the purview of general physicians and headache specialists, covering implementation and maintenance costs, providing adequate explanations to patients and family members, ensuring security of video transmissions, maintaining patient medical records, and supervising treatment.
Responses to River Inundation Pressures Control Prey Selection of Riparian Beetles

Background Riparian habitats are subjected to frequent inundation (flooding) and are characterised by food webs that exhibit variability in aquatic/terrestrial subsidies across the ecotone. The strength of this subsidy in active riparian floodplains is thought to underpin local biodiversity. Terrestrial invertebrates dominate the fauna, exhibiting traits that allow exploitation of variable aquatic subsidies while reducing inundation pressures, leading to inter-species micro-spatial positioning. The effect these strategies have on prey selection is not known. This study hypothesised that plasticity in prey choice from either aquatic or terrestrial sources is an important trait linked to inundation tolerance and avoidance. Method/Principal Findings We used hydrological, isotopic and habitat analyses to investigate the diet of riparian Coleoptera in relation to inundation risk and relative spatial positioning in the floodplain. The study examined patch scale and longitudinal changes in utilisation of the aquatic subsidy according to species traits. Prey sourced from terrestrial or emerging/stranded aquatic invertebrates varied in relation to traits for inundation avoidance or tolerance strategies. Traits that favoured rapid dispersal corresponded with highest proportions of aquatic prey, with behavioural traits further predicting uptake. Less able dispersers showed minimal use of aquatic subsidy and switched to a terrestrial diet under moderate inundation pressures. All trait groups showed a seasonal shift in diet towards terrestrial prey in the early spring. Prey selection became exaggerated towards aquatic prey in downstream samples. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that partitioning of resources and habitat creates overlapping niches that increase the processing of external subsidies in riparian habitats. By demonstrating functional complexity, this work advances understanding of floodplain ecosystem processes and highlights the importance of hydrological variability. With an increasing interest in reconnecting rivers to their floodplains, these invertebrates represent a key functional element in ensuring that such reconnections have demonstrable ecological value.
Exergetic Optimization of Solar Air Heaters and Comparison with Energy Analysis

In this paper, an exergetic optimization of the solar air heater is developed. For this means, an integrated mathematical model of thermal and optical performance of the solar heater is derived. The most geometric parameters and operation conditions are considered as variables in this analysis. Some correlations for exergy efficiency of heater components are obtained. Then, exergy efficiency of the heater is derived by using these correlations. In the process of deriving an equation for the exergy efficiency, while the overall thermal loss coefficient and other heat transfer coefficients of the heater are assumed to be variable, the common error of using the Petela efficiency is corrected to reach the improved equation of solar radiation exergy. Finally, through the MATLAB toolbox the exergy efficiency equation is maximized. Then exergy efficiency is compared with the thermal efficiency of the heater, resulting in an extraordinary increase of the exergy efficiency according to the optimized parameters and benefit of this approach for such systems.
Killing initial data

We study spacetime Killing vectors in terms of their `lapse and shift' relative to some spacelike slice. We give a necessary and sufficient condition in order for these lapse - shift pairs, which we call Killing initial data (KID), to form a Lie algebra under the bracket operation induced by the Lie commutator of vector fields on spacetime. This result is applied to obtain a theorem on the periodicity of orbits for a class of Killing vector fields in asymptotically flat spacetimes.
Sex‐Specific Mechanisms of Resistance Vessel Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Background The incidence of obesity is rising, particularly among women. Microvascular dysfunction is more common with female sex, obesity, and hyperlipidemia and predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Because obesity is associated with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation, we tested the hypothesis that MR in endothelial cells contribute to sex differences in resistance vessel dysfunction in response to cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods and Results Male and female endothelial cell–specific MR knockout mice and MR‐intact littermates were randomized to high‐fat‐diet–induced obesity or obesity with hyperlipidemia induced by adeno‐associated virus–based vector targeting transfer of the mutant stable form (DY mutation) of the human PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) gene and compared with control diet. Female but not male mice were sensitive to obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction, whereas endothelial function was impaired in obese hyperlipidemic males and females. In males, obesity or hyperlipidemia decreased the nitric oxide component of vasodilation without altering superoxide production or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression or phosphorylation. Decreased nitric oxide content in obese males was overcome by enhanced endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization–mediated relaxation along with increased SK3 expression. Conversely, in females, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization was significantly impaired by obesity with lower IK1 expression and by hyperlipidemia with lower IK1 and SK3 expression, loss of H2O2‐mediated vasodilation, and increased superoxide production. Endothelial cell–MR deletion prevented endothelial dysfunction induced by risk factors only in females. Rather than restoring endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization in females, endothelial cell–MR deletion enhanced nitric oxide and prevented hyperlipidemia‐induced oxidative stress. Conclusions These data reveal distinct mechanisms driving resistance vessel dysfunction in males versus females and suggest that personalized treatments are needed to prevent the progression of vascular disease in the setting of obesity, depending on both the sex and the metabolic profile of each patient.
University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository

The effects of acid deposition on soil Ca, and in turn on land snail populations, have been of heightened concern for several decades. We compiled a 10-year record (1997-2006) of gastropod abundance on two small watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, one of which was treated with a Ca addition in 1999. In years 3-7 post Ca addition, snail abundance in the treated watershed was 73% higher than the reference ( p < 0.001); there was no significant difference in the three years pre-treatment, and no significant difference in slug abundance in any year. We analyzed relationships between snail density and microsite spatial variation in leaf litter Ca concentration, litter layer thickness, tree species composition, slope, dead wood, and forest floor light levels. We found that snail abundance was significantly correlated with litter Ca concentration ( p < 0.001)
The effect of age, genotype and sex on carcass traits, meat quality and sensory attributes of geese

Objective The aim of this study was to compare carcass traits, meat quality and sensory attributes in two different genotypes of geese according to age and sex. Methods The experiment was carried out on 160 birds of two genotypes of geese: the Czech Goose (CG) breed and a Eskildsen Schwer (ES) hybrid. One-d-old goslings were divided into four groups according to genotype and sex. Two dates for slaughtering (at 8 and 16 wk of age of goslings) were undertaken. Results The slaughter weight, cold carcass weight and dressing percentage were affected by all the studied factors, and significant interactions between age, genotype and sex were detected in the slaughter weight (p<0.001) and cold carcass weight (p = 0.004). The pH was not affected by any of studied factors, whereas in terms of meat colour parameters there were observed significant effects of age on L* and b* value and a significant effect of sex on a* value. The meat fat content was higher (p = 0.002) in ES. Higher score for overall acceptance of goose meat was recorded for ES at both ages compared to CG. Conclusion ES had higher dressing percentage and better sensory attributes, whereas CG exceled in the favourable nutritional value of the meat.