Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Unresponsive Bystander: Are Bystanders More Responsive in Dangerous Emergencies?

Previous research in bystander intervention found that the presence of other bystanders reduces helping behaviour in an emergency (bystander effect). This research was mainly conducted in the context of non-dangerous, non-violent emergencies. We hypothesize that the classic bystander effect does not occur in more dangerous situations because: a) they are faster and more clearly recognized as emergency situations; and b) higher costs for refusing help increase the accepted costs for helping. Following this line of reasoning, the present research tests whether the bystander effect is affected by the degree of the emergency's potential danger. Results supported our expectations: In situations with low potential danger, more help was given in the solitary condition than in the bystander condition. However, in situations with high potential danger, participants confronted with an emergency alone or in the presence of another bystander were similarly likely to help the victim.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor to increase efficacy of mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytarabine in previously untreated elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a Swedish multicentre randomized trial

A total of 110 patients, aged 64 years or over, with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and white blood cell counts <50 × 109/l were treated with 3 d of cytarabine 1 g/m2 twice daily, mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 and etoposide 200 mg/m2, randomized with or without the addition of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) 200 μg/m2. The primary aim was to evaluate the effect of GM‐CSF on the remission rate. Secondary aims included comparison of duration of remission, survival and infectious complications and the impact of maintenance therapy with thioguanine. Complete remission (CR) was achieved by 64% of patients without GM‐CSF, and by 65% of patients who received GM‐CSF, the median remission duration was 13 vs. 6 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 14 vs. 9 months, the mean time to neutrophil recovery was 25 vs. 17 d (P = 0·03) and the number of positive blood cultures was 46 vs. 39 (P = 0·05) respectively. The impact of thioguanine remains unanswered since only 30 patients remained in CR after consolidation therapy. We conclude that induction therapy is feasible with acceptable toxicity in elderly patients with AML, albeit with a high relapse rate and short OS. GM‐CSF prior to, and in combination with, induction treatment reduced the time to neutrophil recovery and the number of neutropenic septicaemia cases but did not improve the OS of AML in the elderly.
Therminator: A thermal simulator for smartphones producing accurate chip and skin temperature maps

Maintaining safe chip and device skin temperatures in small form-factor mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) while continuing to add new functionalities and provide higher performance has emerged as a key challenge. This paper presents Therminator, an early stage, fast, full-device thermal analyzer, which generates accurate steady-state temperature maps of the entire smartphone starting from the Application Processor and other key device components, extending to the skin of the device itself. The thermal analysis is sensitive to detailed device specifications (including its material composition and 3-D layout) as well as different use cases (each case specifying the set of active device components and their activity levels). Therminator considers all major components within the device, builds a corresponding compact thermal model for each component and the whole device, and produces their steady-state temperature maps. Temperature results obtained by using Therminator have been validated against a commercial computational fluid dynamics-based tool, i.e., Autodesk Simulation CFD, and thermocouple measurements on a Qualcomm Mobile Developer Platform. A case study on a Samsung Galaxy S4 using Therminator is provided to relate the device performance to the skin temperature and investigate the thermal path design.
Quality Management in Higher Education: Towards a Better Understanding of an Emerging Field

ABSTRACT The article analyses how quality management is understood in higher education research. By reviewing a number of academic contributions addressing quality management issues in Quality in Higher Education from 1995–2008, the article identifies central concepts associated with quality management, discusses whether there are commonalities to be found in how the field of research addresses quality management issues, and provides some clarifications as to the developmental potentials in this area. The article shows that research in the field of quality management can be characterised as conceptually heterogeneous and multidisciplinary, although the contributions in the field also share a number of similarities. In the conclusion an argument is made for more joint and comparative research in this area.
Ethics teaching in European veterinary schools: a qualitative case study

Veterinary ethics is recognised as a relevant topic in the undergraduate veterinary curriculum. However, there appears to be no widely agreed view on which contents are best suited for veterinary ethics teaching and there is limited information on the teaching approaches adopted by veterinary schools. This paper provides an inside perspective on the diversity of veterinary ethics teaching topics, based on an in-depth analysis of three European veterinary schools: Copenhagen, Lisbon and Nottingham. The case study approach integrated information from the analysis of syllabi contents and interviews with educators (curricular year 2010–2011). These results show that the curriculum of veterinary ethics is multidimensional and can combine a wide range of scientific, regulatory, professional and philosophical subjects, some of which may not be explicitly set out in the course descriptors. A conceptual model for veterinary ethics teaching is proposed comprising prominent topics included within four overarching concepts: animal welfare science, laws/regulations, professionalism, and theories/concepts. It is intended that this work should inform future curriculum development of veterinary ethics in European schools and assist ethical deliberation in veterinary practice.
Extensions of justice theory : justice evaluations and employees' reactions in a natural setting

Jasso argues that her formulation of justice theory has general applicability across a variety of rewards and outcomes related to the justice evaluations of these rewards. To assess this claim, we examine procedural justice and distributive justice evaluations of a number of qualitative rewards (status, security, opportunities for friendships, opportunities for self-actualization, and opportunities for altruism), using Jasso's conceptualization and operationalization. In a natural setting we test a series of hypotheses about the effects of these justice evaluations on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intent to stay with an employer, and turnover. We find general support for the hypothesized additive effects of both procedural and distributive justice evaluations on all outcomes but turnover. In addition, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effect of procedural justice evaluations on these outcomes is mediated by distributive justice evaluations. Additional analysis showed, however, that the simpler size of the reward measure has essentially the same effect as the justice evaluation. We discussed these findings in terms of the compatibility of self-interest and justice arguments for explaining behavior.
Transformational Leadership and Dimensions of Creativity: Motivating Idea Generation in Computer-Mediated Groups

Prior research suggests that both transformational leadership and anonymity may affect creativity in groups using group decision support systems to generate ideas. A laboratory study examined effects of high and low levels of transformational leadership on group creativity under anonymous and identified electronic brainstorming conditions. Four measures of group creativity were used: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration (Torrance, 1965). Results indicated that groups working under higher levels of transformational leadership generated more idea elaborations and original solutions than groups working under lower levels of transformational leadership. Anonymous groups were more flexible in generating ideas than identified groups. Results also indicated a significant Leadership Style x Anonymity interaction for flexibility.
Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b Are Transcriptional Repressors That Exhibit Unique Localization Properties to Heterochromatin*

We demonstrate that the recently identified DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, like DNMT1, repress transcription in a methylation-independent manner. Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b repress transcription primarily through a plant homeodomain-like motif that is shared with the ATRX protein but is not present in DNMT1. Unlike DNMT1, which localizes to replication foci during S-phase in murine embryonic fibroblasts, Dnmt3a co-localizes with heterochromatin protein 1 α (HP1α) and methyl-CpG binding proteins throughout the cell cycle to late-replicating pericentromeric heterochromatin. In contrast to Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b remained diffuse in the nucleus of embryonic fibroblasts at all cell cycle stages. However, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b co-localize to these pericentromeric heterochromatin regions in murine embryonic stem cells. This finding is important to the fact that mutations in DNMT3B are found in the developmental syndrome, ICF (immunodeficiency, centromeric heterochromatin instability, and facial anomalies), which involves extensive loss of methylation from pericentromeric regions. The localization of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b was unaffected in Dnmt1 null embryonic stem cells, which lose the majority of methylation at pericentromeric major satellite repeats, suggesting that these enzymes are not dependent upon preexisting methylation for their targeting. DNMT1 is then positioned to reestablish transcriptionally repressive chromatin as cells replicate, while Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b may help to establish such chromatin in late S-phase and maintain this repressive heterochromatin throughout the cell cycle in a developmentally and/or cell type manner.
Capturing Long-Term Temporal Dependencies with Convolutional Networks for Continuous Emotion Recognition

The goal of continuous emotion recognition is to assign an emotion value to every frame in a sequence of acoustic features. We show that incorporating long-term temporal dependencies is critical for continuous emotion recognition tasks. To this end, we first investigate architectures that use dilated convolutions. We show that even though such architectures outperform previously reported systems, the output signals produced from such architectures undergo erratic changes between consecutive time steps. This is inconsistent with the slow moving ground-truth emotion labels that are obtained from human annotators. To deal with this problem, we model a downsampled version of the input signal and then generate the output signal through upsampling. Not only does the resulting downsampling/upsampling network achieve good performance, it also generates smooth output trajectories. Our method yields the best known audio-only performance on the RECOLA dataset.
Gender Issues in Elder Abuse

Introduction Thinking in Numbers - The Feminization of Old Age and Its Conditions Gender Issues in the History of Research on Elder Abuse Ageism and Sexism - Discrimination in/of Old Age Paid To Care - Gender Issues in Elder Abuse in Institutional Settings Who Cares? A Gendered View of Care and Elder Abuse in Domestic Settings Conclusion Do We Care? Future Directions for Work on Gender Issues in Elder Abuse
Synergistic Antimycobacterial Actions of Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f) Sims

Euclea natalensis A.DC. , Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f) Sims, and Pelargonium sidoides DC. are South African plants traditionally used to treat tuberculosis. Extracts from these plants were used in combination with isoniazid (INH) to investigate the possibility of synergy with respect to antimycobacterial activity. The ethanol extract of K. vesicatoria was subjected to fractionation to identify the active compounds. The activity of the Knowltonia extract remained superior to the fractions with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625.0 μg/mL against Mycobacterium smegmatis and an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis. The K. vesicatoria extract was tested against two different drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, which resulted in an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL on both strains. The combination of K. vesicatoria with INH exhibited the best synergistic antimycobacterial activity with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.25 (a combined concentration of 6.28 μg/mL). A fifty percent inhibitory concentration of this combination against U937 cells was 121.0 μg/mL. Two compounds, stigmasta-5,23-dien-3-ol (1) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one (2), were isolated from K. vesicatoria as the first report of isolation for both compounds from this plant and the first report of antimycobacterial activity. Compound (1) was active against drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis with an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL.
Computing an Eigenvector with Inverse Iteration

The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to analyze the behavior of inverse iteration for computing a single eigenvector of a complex square matrix and to review Jim Wilkinson's contributions to the development of the method. In the process we derive several new results regarding the convergence of inverse iteration in exact arithmetic. In the case of normal matrices we show that residual norms decrease strictly monotonically. For eighty percent of the starting vectors a single iteration is enough. In the case of non-normal matrices, we show that the iterates converge asymptotically to an invariant subspace. However, the residual norms may not converge. The growth in residual norms from one iteration to the next can exceed the departure of the matrix from normality. We present an example where the residual growth is exponential in the departure of the matrix from normality. We also explain the often significant regress of the residuals after the first iteration: it occurs when the non-normal part of the matrix is large compared to the eigenvalues of smallest magnitude. In this case computing an eigenvector with inverse iteration is exponentially ill conditioned (in exact arithmetic). We conclude that the behavior of the residuals in inverse iteration is governed by the departure of the matrix from normality rather than by the conditioning of a Jordan basis or the defectiveness of eigenvalues.
Antagonism of discriminative stimulus effects of delta(9)-THC and (R)-methanandamide in rats.

RATIONALE In previous drug discrimination studies we observed surmountable antagonism by Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the presence of constant doses of SR-141716 [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide] (0.3 and 1 mg/kg), but there was only marginal evidence for surmountable antagonism with combinations of SR-141716 and (R)-methanandamide, a chiral analog of the endocannabioid anandamide. OBJECTIVE Here we examine antagonism where the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist [Delta(9)-THC and (R)-methanandamide] dose is held constant (i.e., the training dose) and the antagonist {i.e., SR-141716 and AM-251 [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide; 2 ml/kg]} dose varied. We also tested the cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist SR-144528 {N-[(1S)-endo-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl]5-(4-chloro-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide}. METHODS Different groups of rats were trained to discriminate between vehicle and three different doses of Delta(9)-THC (1.8, 3, and 5.6 mg/kg, presumably reflecting different efficacy demands) as well as 10 mg/kg (R)-methanandamide. Dose-generalization tests involved different doses of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists. Antagonist tests varied the dose of the antagonist (range: 0.1 and 3 mg/kg for SR-141716 and AM-251, and 1 to 10 mg/kg for SR-144528). RESULTS SR-141716 and AM-251 doses dependently blocked the agonist-induced discriminative stimulus effects. SR-141716 tended to be slightly more potent than AM-251. The effective dose 50 (ED(50)) of SR-141716 was higher in the 5.6 mg/kg Delta(9)-THC-trained group relative to the two other Delta(9)-THC-trained groups. The cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist SR-144528 combined with the training dose of 1.8 mg/kg Delta(9)-THC, as well as when combined with the training dose of 10 mg/kg (R)-methanandamide, did not markedly change drug-appropriate (agonist) responses. CONCLUSION Data support that the discriminative stimulus effects of (R)-methanandamide and its overlap with the Delta(9)-THC cue are, indeed, CB1 receptor mediated events as revealed in antagonism tests with the selective central CB1 receptor antagonists SR-141716 and AM-251. The activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors appears to be insignificant for these discriminations.
Ethanol and arachidonic acid synergize to activate Kupffer cells and modulate the fibrogenic response via tumor necrosis factor α, reduced glutathione, and transforming growth factor β–dependent mechanisms

Because of the contribution of ethanol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to alcoholic liver disease, we investigated whether chronic ethanol administration and arachidonic acid (AA) could synergistically mediate Kupffer cell (KC) activation and modulate the stellate cell (HSC) fibrogenic response. Results: (1) the effects of ethanol and AA on KC and HSC were as follows: Cell proliferation, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, O2·−, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) oxidase activity, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) were higher in KCethanol than in KCcontrol, and were enhanced by AA; HSCethanol proliferated faster, increased collagen, and showed higher GSH than HSCcontrol, with modest effects by AA. (2) AA effects on the control co‐culture: We previously reported the ability of KC to induce a pro‐fibrogenic response in HSC via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent mechanisms; we now show that AA further increases cell proliferation and collagen in the control co‐culture. The latter was prevented by vitamin E (an antioxidant) and by diphenyleneiodonium (a NADPH oxidase inhibitor). (3) Ethanol effects on the co‐cultures: Co‐culture with KCcontrol or KCethanol induced HSCcontrol and HSCethanol proliferation; however, the pro‐fibrogenic response in HSCethanol was suppressed because of up‐regulation of TNF‐α and GSH, which was prevented by a TNF‐α neutralizing antibody (Ab) and by L‐buthionine‐sulfoximine, a GSH‐depleting agent. (4) Ethanol plus AA effects on the co‐cultures: AA lowered TNF‐α in the HSCcontrol co‐cultures, allowing for enhanced collagen deposition; furthermore, AA restored the pro‐fibrogenic response in the HSCethanol co‐cultures by counteracting the up‐regulation of TNF‐α and GSH with a significant increase in GSSG and in pro‐fibrogenic transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β). Conclusion: These results unveil synergism between ethanol and AA to the mechanism whereby KC mediate ECM remodeling and suggest that even if chronic ethanol consumption sensitizes HSC to up‐regulate anti‐fibrogenic signals, their effects are blunted by a second “hit” such as AA. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:2027‐2039.)
An overview of the effect of ageing on hand function

Effective hand function involves many complex interrelated processes. Proprioceptive and sensory feedback mechanisms need to be complete, as well as sound hand to eye coordination. Intrinsic and extrinsic hand musculature needs to be well controlled before hand function can truly be smoothly coordinated and effective. In older people, there may be a decrease in hand function without evident trauma or disease. A natural decline in hand function is to be expected in the older population. However, this is not necessarily an irreversible loss – many of the conditions associated with loss of hand function are not a consequence of ageing so much as a consequence of inactivity. This article provides a critical review of the literature on the effect of the ageing process on hand function.
THE MULTI-FACETED CHARACTERISTICS OF IT-ENABLED ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS

ABSTRACT This paper reckons that evidence of information technology (IT) business value can be found by examining how IT can help in improving effectiveness at the organizational level, i.e. IT-enabled organizational effectiveness. Using this as a point of departure, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect responses from managing directors and chief executive officers of 147 enterprise resource planning (ERP)-adopting organizations in Malaysia. Statistical results provide support for the multi-faceted characteristics of IT-enabled organizational effectiveness. Exploratory higher order factor analyses reveal that IT-enabled organizational effectiveness can be modeled, at a higher-order abstraction level, as a third-order construct which is composed of three second-order constructs and ten first-order constructs. Index Terms – IT business value, organizational effectiveness, balanced scorecard, enterprise resource planning, IT evaluation
Discrete Spectrum of a Model Operator Related to Three-Particle Discrete Schr\

A model operator $H_\mu,$ $\mu>0$ associated to a system of three particles on the three-dimensional lattice $ \mathbb{Z}^3$ that interact via nonlocal pair potentials is considered. We study the case where the parameter function $w$ has a special form with the non degenerate minimum at the $n, n>1$ points of the six-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^6. $ If the associated Friedrichs model has a zero energy resonance, then we prove that the operator $H_\mu$ has infinitely many negative eigenvalues accumulating at zero and we obtain an asymptotics for the number of eigenvalues of $H_\mu$ lying below $z,$ $z<0$ as $z\to -0. $
The Popperian Legacy in Economics

This volume examines just why and in what sense, Sir Karl Popper's view of empirical falsifiability as the distinguishing characteristic of science has found appeal among economists. The limitations of this tenet, both for a philosophy of science and as a guideline to economic inquiry, are examined, as are several of the proposed alternatives.