Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial of a self-etching adhesive for sealant application: success at 24 months with Prompt L-Pop.

PURPOSE To evaluate the 2-year clinical sealant success when using Prompt L-Pop (3M-ESPE), the first self-etching adhesive, as the sole etching and adhesive step prior to sealant placement. METHODS Patients ages 7-13 years with matched pairs of permanent molars needing sealants were enrolled into an ongoing clinical study of sealant success. First and/or second permanent molars were randomly assigned to control (sealant only after phosphoric acid etch) or Prompt plus sealant groups in a split-mouth, matched pair study design. Standard methods were used for sealant (Delton, Dentsply) placement, except for the Prompt group in which the self-etching adhesive was brushed on the surface, air thinned, followed by immediate placement of the sealant and polymerization. All sealants were placed using appropriate cotton-roll isolation and a dental assistant. Sealant scoring was done at 24 months using strict clinical criteria for failure, previously published, and photos of the sealed surfaces were archived on video. RESULTS Percentages of sealants scored as successful (no significant loss of material or need for repair) through 24 months were: (a) Occlusal sealants: Control = 61%, versus Prompt = 61%; (b) Bu/Lingual sealants: Control = 54%, versus Prompt = 62%; McNemar's Chi Square tests indicate no difference in success between the Prompt sealants and their matched controls (P > 0.80). Time of placement for sealants, timed from start of the etch step through polymerization, averaged 3.1 minutes for Control and 1.8 minutes for Prompt. We conclude that Prompt L-Pop self-etching adhesive is effective in bonding sealant to enamel and that the simplified method dramatically shortens treatment time and treatment complexity.
High interrater reliability for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Axis I (SCID‐I)

The interrater reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R (SCID) was studied. Fifty‐four audiotaped SCID interviews were rated independently by 3 raters. The highest interrater agreements were observed for schizophrenia (0.94), major depressive disorder (0.93), dysthymia (0.88), generalized anxiety disorder (0.95), panic disorder (0.88), alcohol use disorder (0.96) and other psychoactive substance use disorder (0.85). The remaining diagnoses of mood and anxiety disorders obtained acceptable interrater agreement (0.70–0.80), with an exception for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (0.40). The poorest agreement was obtained for somatoform disorders (– 0.03). Lack of hierarchy in DSM‐III‐R allows for multiple Axis I diagnoses. Interrater reliability for multiple diagnoses was tested. Agreement was generally good for combinations of 2 diagnoses, and poorer when 3 diagnoses were combined. Our findings confirm that SCID yields highly reliable diagnoses. SCID is recommended for research on mental disorders.
What's in a name? Students with dyslexia: their use of metaphor in making sense of their disability

Research and practice involving children and adults with dyslexia has tended to focus on identifying difficulties in developing literacy skills and associated cognitive variables. Comparatively few investigations have focused on affective factors or on finding ways of enabling those with dyslexia to express their own attitudes, thoughts and feelings about these difficulties. As part of an intensive investigation into the self-concepts of pupils attending a residential special school for boys with dyslexia, Robert Burden, Professor of Applied Educational Psychology at the University of Exeter, together with his research assistant, Julia Burdett, carried out semi-structured interviews with 50 boys. One element of the interview was a request to each interviewee to construct a mind picture or image of what dyslexia represented to him. The results revealed a number of powerful images illustrating both surmountable and insurmountable barriers to learning, together with feelings of confusion and inadequacy. The conclusion is drawn that metaphors provide a potentially helpful means of exploring the deep-rooted thoughts and feelings of children and young people diagnosed with dyslexia. The authors conclude by discussing some possible implications of this form of investigation for future research and intervention with those experiencing dyslexia and a wide range of other disabilities.
Traceability-enabled refactoring for managing just-in-time requirements

Just-in-time requirements management, characterized by lightweight representation and continuous refinement of requirements, fits many iterative and incremental development projects. Being lightweight and flexible, however, can cause wasteful and procrastinated implementation, leaving certain stakeholder goals not satisfied. This paper proposes traceability-enabled refactoring aimed at fulfilling more requirements fully. We make a novel use of requirements traceability to accurately locate where the software should be refactored, and develop a new scheme to precisely determine what refactorings should be applied to the identified places. Our approach is evaluated through an industrial study. The results show that our approach recommends refactorings more appropriately than a contemporary recommender.
Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution

List of Figures and Tables List of Acronyms Preface and Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Analyzing Social Conflicts Defining Social Conflicts Five Core Ideas about Social Conflicts Varieties of Conflicts Combinations Constituting Destructiveness and Constructiveness Chapter 2: Bases of Social Conflicts Internal Factors System Context Relations between Adversaries Synthesis Chapter 3: The Emergence of Conflicts Identities of Self and Others Grievance Forming Contentious Goals Believing Redress is Possible Conclusions Chapter 4: Alternative Conflict Strategies Types of Inducements Strategies and Modes of Struggle Illustrative Strategies Conclusions Chapter 5: Adopting Conflict Strategies Partisan Goals Partisan Characteristics Relations Between Adversaries Social Context Conclusions Chapter 6: Escalation of Conflicts Dimensions of Escalation Processes of Escalation Policies and Conditions Shaping Escalation Conclusions Chapter 7: The De-escalation of Conflicts Processes of De-Escalation Changing Conditions De-Escalation Policies Conclusions Chapter 8: Mediation in Conflicts Mediation Defined Social Roles Shapers of Mediator Roles Assessing Mediation Contributions Conclusions Chapter 9: Settling Conflicts through Negotiated and Nonnegotiated Means Variations in Settlement Outcomes Paths to Settlement Forms and Stages of Negotiation Conclusions Chapter 10: Outcomes and Post-Termination Sequences Variations in Outcomes Variations in Post-Termination Sequences Internal Consequences Consequences for the Social Context Constructive Transformations Conclusions Chapter 11: Synthesis, Specifications, and Challenges Synthesis Specifications Challenges Conclusions Appendix A: Selected Organizations in the Field of Constructive Conflicts Appendix B: Selected Websites Relating to Social Conflicts
Going Back to the Street: Revisiting Lipsky’s Street-level Bureaucracy

This article reviews Lipsky's Street-level Bureaucracy, a classic work of central importance to the discipline and teaching of public administration. The paper argues that Lipsky's portrayal of the dilemmas faced by front line workers challenges us to focus on the ethical, professional and personal development of student-practitioners.
Prototypical Behaviour Patterns of Social Intelligence: An Intercultural Comparison between Chinese and German Subjects

By using the Act Frequency Approach (Buss & Craik, 1980), Chinese subjects (N = 31) generated a list of acts (specific behaviours) considered to represent social intelligence. These acts were rated by Chinese subjects (N =39) and German subjects (N =29) for prototypicality. A comparisonof results showed that the construct of social intelligence is culture dependent. For the Chinese, social intelligent behaviours seem to reflect the classical traditions and ideals of Confucianism. Acts that received the highest scores were those that described conforming to and fulfilling expectedroles, andacts in which the wellbeing of the entire society was described as being more important that the desires of an individual. This was especially true for older subjects and for women. Items controlling for socially desirable behaviour and social engagement showed clear differences between the two cultures; as expected, the German subjects rated these items lower, whereas the Chinese subjects found both items to be high pro.
Rethinking Critical Pedagogy: Implications on Silence and Silent Bodies

Many critical pedagogy scholars claim that agency and dialogue in the classroom can only be achieved through students’ engagement in verbal deliberation to “voice” against oppressive actions. As current discourses in the critical pedagogy literature tend to consider silence as a negative attribute in the classroom, I argue that they privilege a western construct and a very particular way of being and thinking. By using performative pedagogy as a theoretical framework, it is imperative to discuss the macro and micro implications of how discourses in the critical pedagogy literature affect how we understand silence theoretically and pedagogically.
Body mass index in monoracial and multiracial adults: results from the multiethnic cohort study.

OBJECTIVE This study will determine if the body mass index (BMI) of individuals with an ethnic admixture varies systematically from that of the ethnic groups with whom they share a common ethnicity or race. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS The mean BMI and obesity levels of adults (n>200,000) who reported a single ethnicity (monoracial) were compared to adults with up to three ethnic admixtures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Body mass index. RESULTS Significant differences in the mean BMI of monoracial individuals were found (eg, lowest in Asian Americans and highest in Native Hawaiians). The mean BMI of individuals with an ethnic admixture was either similar to the average of the BMIs for the monoracial groups composing it or was closer to that of the monoracial group that had the highest mean BMI. CONCLUSIONS Persons with specific ethnic admixtures are at greater risk for obesity and, thus, obesity-related diseases/conditions. Identification of such individuals should be included in healthcare treatments to modify elevated risks and in public health programs designed to minimize health disparities.
THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DOSE NUMBER ON THE RISK OF COLLAPSE ( HYPOTONIC-HYPORESPONSIVE EPISODE ) AFTER PERTUSSIS VACCINATION

The Netherlands vaccination schedule has been advanced by 1 month. The reporting rate of collapse or hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode increased from 5.2 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8–5.7 to 8.5 (95% CI: 8.0–9.1) and from 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) to 2.5 (95% CI: 2.2–2.8) per 10,000 first and second doses, respectively. At 3 months of age it fell from 5.2 to 2.5. This suggests some protection by the first dose. Different mediators in primary and secondary immune response may play a role.
Crossing national boundaries: A typology of qualified immigrants' career orientations

Summary This qualitative study examines objective–subjective career interdependencies within asample of 45 qualiﬁed immigrants (QIs) in Canada, Spain and France. The particularchallenges inthis type ofself-initiated international careers arisefrom the power ofinstitutionsand local gatekeepers, the lack of recognition for QIs’ foreign career capital, and the need forproactivity. Resulting from primary data analysis, we identify six major themes in QIs’subjective interpretations of objective barriers: Maintaining motivation, managing identity,developing new credentials, developing local know-how, building a new social network andevaluating career success. Secondary data analysis distinguishes three QI career orien-tations—embracing, adaptive and resisting orientations—with each portraying distinctpatterns of motivation, identity and coping. This study extends the boundaryless careerperspective by providing a more ﬁne-grained understanding of how qualiﬁed migrants manageboth physical and psychological mobility during self-initiated international career transitions.With regards to the interdependence between objective and subjective career aspects, itillustrates the importance of avoiding preference to one side at the neglect of the other, ortreating the two sides as independent of one another. Practical implications are proposed forcareer management efforts and receiving economies. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.Keywords: boundaryless career; qualiﬁed immigrants; career orientations; mobility; coping
Perception of AIDS in Mumbai: A Study of Low Income Communities

Social perception of an illness impacts people's ways of responding to the sick and to the illness itself. In particular, illnesses that are given to moral interpreta tions such as STDs and AIDS elicit more negative than positive responses. This paper seeks to understand how AIDS isperceived and interpreted within a cultural setting. Using the qualitative research approach, 18 focus group discussions were held with young and adult men and women in lower and lower middle income groups in Mumbai. Familiarity with AIDS was found to be high among the re spondents but discussions revealed several misconceptions and fears about it. In general, men had greater awareness and knowledge but more misconceptions as well compared to women. The findings reconfirm the several AIDS metaphors and symbols described in other cultural settings. These include the perception of AIDS as a dreaded, shameful, invited and "othered" disease; its strong associa tion with sex and sex workers; its fatal outcome and its androcentric focus. These perceptions are discussed in the context of local beliefs and norms ofgender rela tions. Implications of the findings for AIDS prevention and advocacy work are discussed.
Known Algorithms for Edge Clique Cover are Probably Optimal

In the EDGE CLIQUE COVER (ECC) problem, given a graph G and an integer k, we ask whether the edges of G can be covered with k complete subgraphs of G or, equivalently, whether G admits an intersection model on k-element universe. Gramm et al. [JEA 2008] have shown a set of simple rules that reduce the number of vertices of G to 2^k, and no algorithm is known with significantly better running time bound than a brute-force search on this reduced instance. In this paper we show that the approach of Gramm et al. is essentially optimal: we present a polynomial time algorithm that reduces an arbitrary 3-CNF-SAT formula with n variables and m clauses to an equivalent ECC instance (G,k) with k = O(log n) and |V(G)| = O(n + m). Consequently, there is no 2^{2^{o(k)}}poly(n) time algorithm for the ECC problem, unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first results for a natural, fixed-parameter tractable problem, and proving that a doubly-exponential dependency on the parameter is essentially necessary.
Percepciones y Actitudes hacia la Violencia de Pareja contra la Mujer en Inmigrantes Latinoamericanos en España

Este trabajo analiza, en primer lugar, las percepciones y actitudes hacia la violencia de pareja contra la mujer de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos y de la poblacion espanola y, en segundo lugar, explora los correlatos de las actitudes hacia la denuncia de casos de violencia de pareja contra la mujer en una muestra de inmigrantes latinoamericanos. Para ello, se utilizan 3 fuentes de datos que incorporan dos muestras representativas de la poblacion espanola y un muestra de inmigrantes latinoamericanos. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre espanoles e inmigrantes en las percepciones y actitudes hacia la violencia de pareja contra la mujer. Los analisis tambien muestran que las actitudes positivas hacia la denuncia manifestadas por los inmigrantes latinoamericanos fueron mas frecuentes entre aquellos que eran menos tolerantes con la violencia de pareja contra la mujer, la percibian como un problema importante en la sociedad y no tendian a culpar a las victimas. Estos resultados subrayan la relevancia que las actitudes publicas hacia la violencia de la pareja contra la mujer tienen para la comprension y prevencion de este problema social.
Required Volunteers: Community Volunteerism among Students in College Classes

Volunteering implies free choice, but people in some situations can feel compelled to volunteer. Hypotheses about students' volunteer work focused on self-determination and sufficiency of justification for their behavior. We examined required versus nonrequired volunteerism, internal and external motivation for volunteering, and attitudes of student volunteers toward their university. The sample was 273 college student nonvolunteers, required volunteers, and nonrequired volunteers. Nonrequired volunteers reported stronger commitment to and satisfaction with their university as well as stronger internal and weaker external motivation to volunteer than did required volunteers. Nonrequired volunteers experienced greater time demands than nonvolunteers did. It might be important to manage service learning programs to enhance students' experience of freedom in their choice to volunteer.
Stop consonant production of French immersion students in Western Canada: A study of voice onset time

Objectives/research questions: The present study investigates the development of French stop consonants among English-speaking children who are enrolled in an early French immersion program in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Our goal is to observe the stop consonant production pattern, and to determine whether interactions between the two language systems occur, while examining student progression with increasing experience. Methodology: Fifty-six students in grades 1, 3, and 5 participated in a speech production task administered in both English and French. For each language, they were asked to repeat a total of 54 words beginning with one of the six stop consonants, /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, and /g/. In addition, 45 age-matched monolingual English-speaking children were tested to serve as a control group. Data and analysis: Voice onset time (VOT) was the acoustic measure analyzed for each language and for children of each grade. An analysis of variance was conducted for language- and experience-related effects. Conclusions: For the French voiceless stops, French immersion students display non-native-like VOT values in the intermediate range between monolingual English voiced and voiceless stops. Their English voiceless stops exhibit higher VOT values than the monolinguals’ and are separate from those of their French. For voiced stops, their English and French are indistinguishable, located within the range of voiced stops for monolingual English speakers. Originality: Previous research on French–English bilingualism has generally been limited to adults. Furthermore, examination of French immersion students has rarely focused on their phonetic development, and acoustic analysis of this population is virtually non-existent. Implications: Our results highlight the importance of input, as well as social, and educational context in second language learning.
Online Methods and Analyzing Knowledge-Production

Currently, many scholars have increasingly turned to the Internet to examine diasporic communities and corresponding identities. While I am happy that social scientists have embraced the use of online methods in studying communities formed within cyberspace, I also believe that we should continually reflect on whether our research is best served by conducting our studies online, offline, or in both arenas. In this article, I first address the seemingly “natural” convergence of two different scholarly communities that are deeply affected by transnationalism—those who study diasporas and migration and those who conduct research on online communities. Then, I discuss the use of online methods (particularly with regard to research on diasporas) and assess the benefits and challenges of conducting online research to study diasporic communities. This essay simultaneously advocates for the continued use of online methods, particularly in the study of diasporic communities, while also offering a cautionary tale on its possible overuse or misuse.
Heat Transfer and Flow on the Blade Tip of a Gas Turbine Equipped With a Mean-Camberline Strip

Experimental and computational studies have been performed to investigate the detailed distribution of convective heat transfer coefficients on the first-stage blade tip surface for a geometry typical of large power generation turbines (greater than 100 MW) In a previous work the numerical heat transfer results for a sharp edge blade tip and a radiused blade tip were presented. More recently several other tip treatments have been considered for which the tip heat transfer has been measured and documented. This paper is concerned with the numerical prediction of the tip surface heat transfer for radiused blade tip equipped with mean-camberline strip (or "squealer" as it is often called). The heat transfer results are compared with the experimental results and discussed. The effectiveness of the mean-camberline strip in reducing the tip leakage and the tip heat transfer as compared to a radiused edge tip and sharp edge tip was studied. The calculations show that the sharp edge tip works best (among the cases considered) in reducing the tip leakage flow and the tip heat transfer.
Some Monotonicity Properties of Gamma and q-Gamma Functions

Peng Gao Division of Mathematical Sciences, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 Correspondence should be addressed to Peng Gao, penggao@ntu.edu. sg Received 1 December 2010; Accepted 20 December 2010 Academic Editors: O. Miyagaki, G. Olafsson, and S. Zhang Copyright q 2011 Peng Gao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We prove some monotonicity properties of functions involving gamma and q-gamma functions.
The implicit use of base rates in experiential and ecologically valid tasks

Abstract When base rates are learned and used in an experiential manner subjects show better base rate use, perhaps because the implicit learning system is engaged. A causal framework in which base rates are relevant might also be necessary. Humans might thus perform better on more ecologically valid tasks, which are likely to contain those three components.
An Improved Tabu Search for Economic Dispatch with Multiple Minima

This paper develops an improved tabu search algorithm (ITS) for economic dispatch (ED) with noncontinuous and nonsmooth cost functions. ITS employs a flexible memory system to avoid the entrapment in a local minimum, and developed the ideal of "distance" to the fitness to accelerate optimization. The new approach extends simple tabu search algorithm (STS) to real valued optimization problem, and applies parallelism to weaken the dependence of the convergence rate of modified tabu search algorithm (MTS) on the initial condition. Effectiveness of the method was compared with many conventional methods. Results show that the proposed algorithm can provide accurate solutions with reasonable performance, and has a great potential for other applications in the power system.
WU Polyomavirus in Children with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, South Korea

In South Korea, WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) was detected in 34 (7%) of 486 children with acute lower respiratory tract infections, 3 (4.2%) of 72 asymptomatic children, and as coinfection with other respiratory viruses in 23 (67.6%) children. Although WUPyV was frequently detected, its clinical role has not been distinguished from that of coinfecting viruses.