Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aerosolized and/or Intravenous Lidocaine on Hemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Outpatients

A randomized, double-blind study was carried out on 40 unpremedicated, ASA I-II adult surgical outpatients to assess the effects of aerosolized lidocaine, intravenous lidocaine, both, orneither, on circulatory responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Lidocaine (4 mg/kg) or saline was given by nebulizer in the holding area beginning at −15 minutes. The patient underwent a standarized induction of anesthesia that included IV curare (3 mg) and O2 by facemask at minute 2, followed by IV thiopental (5 mg/kg) and succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg) at minute 5. Lidocaine (2 mg/kg) or saline was given by IV push at minute 4. Laryngoscopy was begun at 5 minutes and continued for 45 seconds before intubation. Heart rate and systolic, diastolic, and meanblood pressures were automatically recorded at 1-minute intervals from 0 to 11 minutes. The fourtreatment groups included: group 1, aerosolized and IV saline; group 2, aerosolized saline, IV lidocaine; group 3, aerosolized lidocaine, IV saline; and group 4, aerosolized and IV lidocaine. There were no differences among the four treatment groups (n = ten per group) in any of the fourhemodynamic variables before laryngoscopy and intubation. Within each group, after intubation all four hemodynamic variables increased significantly over the corresponding baseline values for that group. However, the maximum values attained after intubation did not differ significantly among the four treatment groups for any of the four hemodynamic variables, whether those maxima were expressed as absolute values or as a percentage of baseline. Having found no difference in the effects of aerosolized and/or intravenous lidocaine and saline placebo on hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in adult surgical outpatients using a rigidly standardized protocol, it is recommended that such usage of lidocaine be abandoned.
Why Does Writing About Important Values Reduce Defensiveness?

Previous research has repeatedly shown that writing about an important value, compared with writing about an unimportant value, reduces defensiveness in response to self-threatening information, but has not identified why. Study 1 showed that participants who wrote about an important value reported more positive other-directed feelings, such as love and connection, than participants who wrote about an unimportant value. Study 2 replicated this effect, and showed that loving and connected feelings, but not positive or negative self-directed feelings, completely accounted for the effect of a values-affirmation manipulation on smokers' acceptance of information indicating that smoking harms health. These studies, in concert with previous research, suggest that values affirmation reduces defensiveness via self-transcendence, rather than self-integrity (i.e., self-worth or self-images).
Liposome‐Encapsulated Hemoglobin Improves Tumor Oxygenation as Detected by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy in Colon Carcinoma in Mice

Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) with high (h-LEH, P50 O2 = 10 mm Hg) or low O2 affinity (l-LEH, P50 O2 = 40 mm Hg) may improve O2 delivery to sensitize tumor tissues for radiotherapy. A total of 10 mL/kg of h-LEH, l-LEH, red blood cells (RBCs), or saline was infused in mice transplanted with murine colon carcinoma with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) detectors set at the tumor (right leg) and intact muscle (left leg). NIRS recorded changes in the amount of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb), deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb), and their sum (tHb) with the animals spontaneously breathing room air (10 min), pure O2 (5 min), and then back to room air. The tumor was finally excised for histological examination. In mice treated with h-LEH, tHb significantly increased compared to mice receiving other solutions. The magnitude was significantly attenuated in the tumor compared to the intact muscle under room air. Reciprocal changes in oxyHb and deoxyHb between intact muscle and tumor in response to infused solutions allowed assumption of average tissue PO2 between 30 and 40 mm Hg in muscle and at around 10 mm Hg in tumor. While O2 respiration increased oxyHb and decreased deoxyHb both in muscle and tumor, their sum or tHb consistently decreased in muscle and increased in tumor regardless of preceding infusion. Such responses were totally reversed when mice were placed under hypoxia (10% O2 ), suggesting that a lack of physiological circulatory regulation in tumor may account for heavier immunohistochemical staining for human hemoglobin in tumors of mice treated with h-LEH than with l-LEH. The results suggest that h-LEH may cause significant tumor oxygenation compared to RBC, l-LEH, or saline probably due to its nanometer size (vs. RBC) and high O2 affinity (vs. l-LEH) without increasing O2 content in the intact tissue (vs. O2 respiration) probably due to a lack of physiological circulatory regulation.
Beam’s-eye-view dosimetrics (BEVD) guided rotational station parameter optimized radiation therapy (SPORT) planning based on reweighted total-variation minimization

Conventional VMAT optimizes aperture shapes and weights at uniformly sampled stations, which is a generalization of the concept of a control point. Recently, rotational station parameter optimized radiation therapy (SPORT) has been proposed to improve the plan quality by inserting beams to the regions that demand additional intensity modulations, thus formulating non-uniform beam sampling. This work presents a new rotational SPORT planning strategy based on reweighted total-variation (TV) minimization (min.), using beam’s-eye-view dosimetrics (BEVD) guided beam selection. The convex programming based reweighted TV min. assures the simplified fluence-map, which facilitates single-aperture selection at each station for single-arc delivery. For the rotational arc treatment planning and non-uniform beam angle setting, the mathematical model needs to be modified by additional penalty term describing the fluence-map similarity and by determination of appropriate angular weighting factors. The proposed algorithm with additional penalty term is capable of achieving more efficient and deliverable plans adaptive to the conventional VMAT and SPORT planning schemes by reducing the dose delivery time about 5 to 10 s in three clinical cases (one prostate and two head-and-neck (HN) cases with a single and multiple targets). The BEVD guided beam selection provides effective and yet easy calculating methodology to select angles for denser, non-uniform angular sampling in SPORT planning. Our BEVD guided SPORT treatment schemes improve the dose sparing to femoral heads in the prostate and brainstem, parotid glands and oral cavity in the two HN cases, where the mean dose reduction of those organs ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 Gy. Also, it increases the conformation number assessing the dose conformity to the target from 0.84, 0.75 and 0.74 to 0.86, 0.79 and 0.80 in the prostate and two HN cases, while preserving the delivery efficiency, relative to conventional single-arc VMAT plans.
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF RESONANCE-FREE ANOSOV Z ACTIONS

We consider actions of Z, k ≥ 2, by Anosov diffeomorphisms which are uniformly quasiconformal on each coarse Lyapunov distribution. These actions generalize Cartan actions for which coarse Lyapunov distributions are onedimensional. We show that, under certain non-resonance assumptions on the Lyapunov exponents, a finite cover of such an action is smoothly conjugate to an action by toral automorphisms.
Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection among Thai Oncologic Patients with Febrile Neutropenia and Cutaneous Presentation: A 5-Year Retrospective Study in Southern Thailand

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FNP) is a condition defined by fever and neutropenia. There are current only limited data on related cutaneous manifestations. This study aimed to assess cutaneous lesions and their etiologies in a Thai group of FNP patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 43 non-transplant febrile neutropenic patients with concurrent cutaneous lesions, as determined by dermatopathologic studies at Songklanagarind Hospital in Thailand over a five-year period. Results: The mean age was 39 years (SD: 18.8). Approximately 60% were male. The most common underlying disease was a hematologic neoplasm. Twenty-one of the participants had developed FNP within 7.5±8.7 days after presenting with skin lesions. Twenty-two participants had skin lesions 9.0±11.1 days after FNP diagnosis. Cutaneous manifestations were mostly in the form of multiple lesions (67.4%), of which the most common were nodular skin lesions (37.2%) presenting on the lower extremities of the body (58.1%). The dermatopathologic diagnoses included infections which were almost all fungal and leukemia cutis. The development of skin lesions after FNP proved to be a statistically significant risk factor for fungal infection (OR 8.13, P = 0.009), whereas age (over 40 years) proved to be a statistically significant protective factor (OR 0.20, P = 0.04). Conclusions: There are a variety of cutaneous manifestations in FNP, of which the most common were cutaneous nodular skin lesions in the lower extremities. The most frequent infection was fungal in patients under 40 who had developed skin lesions after FNP.
PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF COMORBIDITY IN COPD DUE TO ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are a number of conditions which are recognized to be common as comorbidities in COPD unrelated to AATD, and a co-morbidity specific prognostic score exists (COTE index). In this manuscript we sought to describe the COPD related, and unrelated, comorbidities seen in AATD and assess their impact on outcome. The relevant literature is also reviewed.
Ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for the management of retinoblastoma in eyes with extensive (>50%) retinal detachment

Superselective delivery of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, i.e. ophthalmic artery chemosurgery, has been used for the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for retinoblastoma associated with >50% retinal detachment.
Can sociology and social psychology dispense with instincts

This paper continues the examination of recent publications adverse to the conception of instinct as fundamental for social psychology, and is thus a continuation of my article on "The Use and Abuse of Instinct" in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology and Social Psychology (December, 1921). The publications here examined are Professor John Dewey's Human Nature and Conduct and Professor Knight Dunlap's presidential address to the American Psychological Association, 1922. It is shown that the acceptance of Professor Dewey's views would condemn us to found our social psychology on vague generalities; and that Professor Dunlap's proposal to make "desires" the foundation stones of psychology is merely a somewhat obscure and confused restatement of the "instinct theory. "
Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program

On 21 July 1969, during the first manned lunar mission, Apollo 11, the first retroreflector array was placed on the moon, enabling highly accurate measurements of the Earthmoon separation by means of laser ranging. Lunar laser ranging (LLR) turns the Earthmoon system into a laboratory for a broad range of investigations, including astronomy, lunar science, gravitational physics, geodesy, and geodynamics. Contributions from LLR include the three-orders-of-magnitude improvement in accuracy in the lunar ephemeris, a several-orders-of-magnitude improvement in the measurement of the variations in the moon's rotation, and the verification of the principle of equivalence for massive bodies with unprecedented accuracy. Lunar laser ranging analysis has provided measurements of the Earth's precession, the moon's tidal acceleration, and lunar rotational dissipation. These scientific results, current technological developments, and prospects for the future are discussed here.
Assessing Mutable Objects: A Multimodal Analysis

The article examines assessments of objects with which participants are currently engaged. Through the analysis of evaluative activities around the production of a clothing item in a fashion atelier, we illustrate the embodied components of both assessments and their responses, and argue that embodied actions (such as embedded phases of appraisal through observation and manipulation) are central to the understanding of both the meaning and the temporal unfolding of the assessment sequence. Furthermore, we show that negative assessments of mutable objects can function as proposals, as revealed by responses doing acceptance or refusal. Finally, we consider the matter from the point of view of the person receiving the assessment. We argue that the speaker's choice of particular forms of verbal assessment, together with their use of gestures to express negative components of the evaluation, can be especially useful resources for recipients who are directly responsible for the object under evaluation.
This Paper Is Included in the Proceedings of the 12th Usenix Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (osdi '16). Xft: Practical Fault Tolerance beyond Crashes Xft: Practical Fault Tolerance beyond Crashes

Despite years of intensive research, Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) systems have not yet been adopted in practice. This is due to additional cost of BFT in terms of resources, protocol complexity and performance, compared with crash fault-tolerance (CFT). This overhead of BFT comes from the assumption of a powerful adversary that can fully control not only the Byzantine faulty machines, but at the same time also the message delivery schedule across the entire network, effectively inducing communication asynchrony and partitioning otherwise correct machines at will. To many practitioners, however, such strong attacks appear irrelevant. In this paper, we introduce cross fault tolerance or XFT, a novel approach to building reliable and secure distributed systems and apply it to the classical state-machine replication (SMR) problem. In short, an XFT SMR protocol provides the reliability guarantees of widely used asynchronous CFT SMR protocols such as Paxos and Raft, but also tolerates Byzantine faults in combination with network asynchrony, as long as a majority of replicas are correct and communicate synchronously. This allows the development of XFT systems at the price of CFT (already paid for in practice), yet with strictly stronger resilience than CFT — sometimes even stronger than BFT itself. As a showcase for XFT, we present XPaxos, the first XFT SMR protocol, and deploy it in a geo-replicated setting. Although it offers much stronger resilience than CFT SMR at no extra resource cost, the performance of XPaxos matches that of the state-of-the-art CFT protocols .
Do Women and Men in Congress Cultivate Different Images? Evidence from Congressional Web Sites

According to previous studies, women in the U.S. Congress are often cast by the media and by voters as quite distinct from men, with a unique focus on women's issues and an outsider approach to governing. Contrary to the media's depiction and voters' expectations, however, an analysis of Congressional web sites reveals that women members, just as men in Congress do, portray themselves as having diverse interests and participating zealously in the Washington power struggle. Thus, women's self-presentations on the web do not support the notion that the images proffered by members contribute to media and voter stereotypes of women representatives.
Can color vision variation explain sex differences in invertebrate foraging by capuchin monkeys

Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective covering, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed or embed themselves in substrates. Sex-differentiation in foraging patterns is well documented for some monkey species and recent studies find that color vision phenotype can also affect invertebrate foraging. Since vision phenotype is polymorphic and sex-linked in most New World monkeys - males have dichromatic vision and females have either dichromatic or trichromatic vision - this raises the possibility that sex differences are linked to visual ecology. We tested predicted sex differences for invertebrate foraging in white-faced capuchins Cebus capucinus and conducted 12 months of study on four free-ranging groups between January 2007 and September 2008. We found both sex and color vision effects. Sex: Males spent more time foraging for invertebrates on the ground. Females spent more time consuming embedded, colonial invertebrates, ate relatively more "soft" sedentary invertebrates, and devoted more of their activity budget to invertebrate foraging. Color Vision: Dichromatic monkeys had a higher capture efficiency of ex- posed invertebrates and spent less time visually foraging. Trichromats ate relatively more "hard" sedentary invertebrates. We con- clude that some variation in invertebrate foraging reflects differences between the sexes that may be due to disparities in size, strength, reproductive demands or niche preferences. However, other intraspecific variation in invertebrate foraging that might be mistakenly attributed to sex differences actually reflects differences in color vision (Current Zoology 56 (3): 300-312, 2010).
Trust, Behavior, and High School Outcomes.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on student trust and to examine the relationship between student trust, behavior, and academic outcomes in high school. It asks, first, does trust have a positive effect on high school outcomes? Second, does trust influence student behavior, exerting an indirect effect on schooling outcomes? Third, are school size and student socioeconomic status (SES) antecedents of trust? Design/methodology/approach – A nationally representative sample of students attending public high schools in the USA (n=10,585) is drawn from the Educational Longitudinal Study. Structural equation modeling is used to examine the relationship between student trust, behavior and high school outcomes, controlling for SES, school size and prior achievement. Multiple measures of academic achievement are considered. Findings – There is a significant relationship between student trust, behavior and high school outcomes. Students who trust have fewer behavioral incidents .
Implementing Security and Integrity in Micro-Mainframe Networks

This article examines the impact on computer security and data integrity of linking personal computers in user departments with the corporate mainframe computer. It describes the results of a survey of experts in computer security and integrity. In this survey, participants identified those security and integrity controls that become critical because of the micro-mainframe link. The risks associated with three ways of implementing the link are evaluated and procedures for controlling these risks are suggested.
Peripheral, placental and cord cytokines profile in spontaneous labor and elective caesarean section.

BACKGROUND Cesarean section delivery can lead to much maternal morbidity. Different cytokines have been reported to be influenced by the mode of delivery. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of mode of delivery on maternal, placental and cord sera of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. METHODS These three cytokines were measured using ELISA in peripheral, placental and cord sera of two groups of women (38 in each group), either delivering vaginally or by elective cesarean section. RESULTS Concentrations of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in the peripheral and placental sera were higher in vaginal delivery, while cord cytokines were not significantly different in the two groups. Cord sera contained significantly less concentrations of these cytokines than the peripheral and placental sera. CONCLUSION It appears that the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 are influenced by the mode of delivery.
Transferring High Schools: An Alternative to Dropping out?

The study reported here investigated a hypothesized continuum of school behavior in response to alienation and disengagement, whereby school transfer may be considered as an alternative to dropping out. Using data from the base year and first follow-up of High School and Beyond to compare students who stayed in the same high school for the last two years (1980-1982) to two other groups--students who transferred and those who dropped out--we found evidence to support this continuum. In comparisons of operational differences between public and Catholic school students, measures of risk and truancy predicted not only dropout behavior, but also transfer behavior in both sectors. Previous reports of very low dropout rates in Catholic schools (compared to public schools) may thus be partly explained by higher transfer rates from Catholic to public schools. These results suggest that an option of "dropping down" may reduce dropping out by providing an alternative educational environment for disaffected students.
Nutritional Evaluation and Functional Properties of Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L . ) Flour and the Improvement of Spaghetti Produced from its

Chemical composition of chickpea raw flour proved that protein, fat and ash contents were higher than that recorded in wheat flour. However, crude fiber and total carbohydrates were detected in wheat flour at higher levels than that found in chickpea raw flour. Protein, total nitrogen, non protein nitrogen content, and in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) as well as mineral content, functional properties, amino acid composition and amino acid scores were affected as different chickpea flour processing (traditional, microwave and fried). Wheat flour (72 % extraction) was replaced with different processed chickpea flours (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 %.) to produce spaghetti. Chemical composition, cooking quality, color attributes and sensory evaluation of produced spaghetti were determined. Different treatment for chickpea flours tend to reduced the content of protein in all processed chickpea flours, lowered the contents of fat and ash by 7.96 % and 4.40 %, respectively. Generally, protein solubility values of all processed flours decreased in water and NaCl solution as compared with raw flour. As the replacement level in spaghetti samples with different processed chickpea flours increased, all the contents were increased except fibers and total carbohydrates contents where, values of fibers lowered with increasing the replacement level of samples with raw and fried chickpea flours. The content of minerals was high in spaghetti samples contained microwave cooking chickpea flour at different levels as compared with spaghetti samples contained traditional cooking and fried chickpea flours. The reduction in cooked weight and cooked volume was greater in spaghetti samples replaced with microwave cooked chickpea flour than samples replaced with the other different forms of chickpea flours. Cooking loss of replaced spaghetti was increased gradually with increase the level of replacement compared to the control spaghetti. Replacing wheat flour with different processed chickpea flours tend to reduced lightness and yellowness values, increased redness values of spaghetti samples from control. Spaghetti samples replaced with microwave chickpea flour at all levels had a better color values than those found in samples replaced with different processed chickpea flour. The highest values for all sensory characteristics were observed in control sample. Spaghetti samples replaced with microwave cooking flour at all levels were found to be the highest values for all evaluated sensory characteristics. [Esmat A. Abou Arab, I. M. F. Helmy and G. F. Bareh. Nutritional Evaluation and Functional Properties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Flour and the Improvement of Spaghetti Produced from its. Journal of American Science 2010;6(10):1055-1072]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).