Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Morpho-Syntactic Patterns Device Comprehension in Speech of Alzheimer and Normal Elderly People

Background: Alzheimer’s disease can give rise to aphasia and difficulties with word finding, naming, and word comprehension. Also it can affect the comprehension of morpho-syntactic patterns device as one of cohesive devices. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the comprehension of sub-devices of morpho-syntactic patterns in the speech of Persian-speaking elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease and the normal elderly based on Dooley and Levinson’s perspective. Sub-devices of morpho-syntactic patterns include consistency of inflectional categories, echoic utterances and discourse-pragmatic structuring. Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional research conducted on the speech of 12 elderly people comprising 6 Alzheimer and 6 normal individuals 74 to 90 years old who were selected using available sampling method. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and T-test. Results: The findings indicate, except for the consistency of inflectional categories (P = 0.017), in other two subsets including echoic utterances (P = 0.411) and discourse-pragmatic structuring (P = 0.245). However, in overall analysis of this device (P = 0.026). Conclusions: This study supports the conclusion that there is a significant difference between the comprehension of Morpho-syntactic patterns device as a whole in the speech of Persian speaking Alzheimer’s and normal elderly people.
Turbulent diffusion with rotation or magnetic fields

The turbulent diffusion tensor describing the evolution of the mean concentration of a passive scalar is investigated for non-helically forced turbulence in the presence of rotation or a magnetic field. With rotation, the Coriolis force causes a sideways deflection of the flux of mean concentration. Within the magnetohydrodynamics approximation there is no analogous effect from the magnetic field because the effects on the flow do not depend on the sign of the field. Both rotation and magnetic fields tend to suppress turbulent transport, but this suppression is weaker in the direction along the magnetic field. Turbulent transport along the rotation axis is not strongly affected by rotation, except on shorter length-scales, i.e. when the scale of the variation of the mean field becomes comparable with the scale of the energy-carrying eddies. These results are discussed in the context of anisotropic convective energy transport in the Sun.
Implications of rotational kinematics for the oculomotor system in three dimensions.

1. This paper develops three-dimensional models for the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) and the internal feedback loop of the saccadic system. The models differ qualitatively from previous, one-dimensional versions, because the commutative algebra used in previous models does not apply to the three-dimensional rotations of the eye. 2. The hypothesis that eye position signals are generated by an eye velocity integrator in the indirect path of the VOR must be rejected because in three dimensions the integral of angular velocity does not specify angular position. Computer simulations using eye velocity integrators show large, cumulative gaze errors and post-VOR drift. We describe a simple velocity to position transformation that works in three dimensions. 3. In the feedback control of saccades, eye position error is not the vector difference between actual and desired eye positions. Subtractive feedback models must continuously adjust the axis of rotation throughout a saccade, and they generate meandering, dysmetric gaze saccades. We describe a multiplicative feedback system that solves these problems and generates fixed-axis saccades that accord with Listing's law. 4. We show that Listing's law requires that most saccades have their axes out of Listing's plane. A corollary is that if three pools of short-lead burst neurons code the eye velocity command during saccades, the three pools are not yoked, but function independently during visually triggered saccades. 5. In our three-dimensional models, we represent eye position using four-component rotational operators called quaternions. This is not the only algebraic system for describing rotations, but it is the one that best fits the needs of the oculomotor system, and it yields much simpler models than do rotation matrix or other representations. 6. Quaternion models predict that eye position is represented on four channels in the oculomotor system: three for the vector components of eye position and one inversely related to gaze eccentricity and torsion. 7. Many testable predictions made by quaternion models also turn up in models based on other mathematics. These predictions are therefore more fundamental than the specific models that generate them. Among these predictions are 1) to compute eye position in the indirect path of the VOR, eye or head velocity signals are multiplied by eye position feedback and then integrated; consequently 2) eye position signals and eye or head velocity signals converge on vestibular neurons, and their interaction is multiplicative. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Overfeeding Dairy Cattle During Late-Pregnancy Alters Hepatic PPARα-Regulated Pathways Including Hepatokines: Impact on Metabolism and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity

Hepatic metabolic gene networks were studied in dairy cattle fed control (CON, 1.34 Mcal/kg) or higher energy (overfed (OVE), 1.62 Mcal/kg) diets during the last 45 days of pregnancy. A total of 57 target genes encompassing PPARα-targets/co-regulators, hepatokines, growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis, lipogenesis, and lipoprotein metabolism were evaluated on −14, 7, 14, and 30 days around parturition. OVE versus CON cows were in more negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum and had greater serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. Milk synthesis rate did not differ. Liver from OVE cows responded to postpartal NEB by up-regulating expression of PPARα-targets in the fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis pathways, along with gluconeogenic genes. Hepatokines (fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4)) and apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5) were up-regulated postpartum to a greater extent in OVE than CON. OVE led to greater blood insulin prepartum, lower NEFA:insulin, and greater lipogenic gene expression suggesting insulin sensitivity was not impaired. A lack of change in APOB, MTTP, and PNPLA3 coupled with upregulation of PLIN2 postpartum in cows fed OVE contributed to TAG accumulation. Postpartal responses in NEFA and FGF21 with OVE support a role of this hepatokine in diminishing adipose insulin sensitivity.
Incidence and Risk of Adverse Perioperative Events among Surgical Patients Taking Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines

Background:The use of traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) among the presurgical population is widespread, but their impact on perioperative patient care is unclear. The authors estimated the incidence and risk of TCHM-related perioperative events. Methods:In a Hong Kong cohort study, 601 patients undergoing major elective surgery were asked about their Western medicine and TCHM use in the 2 weeks before surgery. Unanticipated perioperative events were noted by attending anesthesiologists, blinded to patients' use of specific TCHMs. Modified Poisson regression models were used to obtain the relative risk of combined endpoints of perioperative events associated with TCHM use. Results:Of the 601 patients, 483 patients (80%) took self-prescribed TCHM, and 47 (8%) took TCHM by prescription (with or without self-prescribed TCHM) in the 2 weeks before surgery. The crude incidences of any combined endpoints of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative events were 23% (95% confidence interval, 19–26%), 74% (95% confidence interval, 71–78%), and 63% (95% confidence interval, 59–66%), respectively. Compared with nonusers, patients who took TCHM by prescription were more likely to have a preoperative event (adjusted relative risk, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–4.29). The authors present four case reports to highlight the effect of TCHM by prescription on prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and hypokalemia in the preoperative period. In contrast, there was no significant association between the use of any type of TCHM and the occurrence of either intraoperative or postoperative events. Conclusions:The use of TCHM by prescription near the time of surgery should be discouraged because of the increased risk of adverse events in the preoperative period.
A DOUBLE DISSOCIATION BETWEEN LINGUISTIC AND PERCEPTUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS

This paper explores from a neuropsychological perspective the relation between the meanings of English locative prepositions (e.g., in, on, above, below) and the kinds of representations that are used for many visuospatial processes such as recognising, drawing, and constructing spatially complex objects. One possibility that has been proposed by some psycholinguists is that the meanings of prepositions are the same as the representations used in these other processes. An alternative possibility, which has been proposed by a different group of researchers, is that the relation is more distant such that the meanings of prepositions constitute language-specific semantic structures that are distinct from the representations that underlie many visuospatial abilities. Here we report a detailed assessment of the linguistic as well as perceptual and cognitive representations of spatial relationships in two brain-damaged subjects. Four tests were administered that involve both the production and comprehension of English locative prepositions. In addition, four standardised neuropsychological tests that probe high-level nonlinguistic visuospatial perception and cognition were administered. Case 1 was significantly impaired on all of the preposition tests but was normal on all of the visuospatial tests. In striking contrast, Case 2 was normal on all of the preposition tests but was significantly impaired on all of the visuospatial tests. The subjects also had entirely different brain lesions: Case 1 had a left-hemisphere lesion in the frontoparietal region, and Case 2 had a right-hemisphere lesion in the frontoparietal and temporal regions. Together, the results constitute a “double dissociation,” suggesting that the preposition tests and the visuospatial tests require cognitively and neurally distinct mechanisms that can be disrupted independently of each other. We interpret the data as supporting the second possibility described—namely, that the meanings of locative prepositions may be language-specific semantic structures that are separate from the mental representations underlying many other kinds of high-level nonlinguistic visuospatial abilities.
The Unemployment Inflation Trade-Off in the Euro Area

This paper analyzes the relationship between unemployment and wage inflation for 10 of the euro area countries. The combination of low wage inflation and high unemployment in Europe is usually attributed to a rise in the natural rate of unemployment. Using a panel data approach, this paper models directly the specific structural determinants of the natural rate of unemployment that may account for a changing pattern in the unemployment inflation trade-off. Moreover, it analyzes whether the responsiveness of wages crucially depends on the level of inflation and the level of unemployment. This allows to detect possible downward rigidity of wages and grease or sand effects of positive levels of inflation.
New scholarly pathways on green gentrification: What does the urban ‘green turn’ mean and where is it going?

Scholars in urban political ecology, urban geography, and planning have suggested that urban greening interventions can create elite enclaves of environmental privilege and green gentrification, and exclude lower-income and minority residents from their benefits. Yet, much remains to be understood in regard to the magnitude, scope, and manifestations of green gentrification and the forms of contestation and resistance articulated against it. In this paper, we propose new questions, theoretical approaches, and research design approaches to examine the socio-spatial dynamics and ramifications of green gentrification and parse out why, how, where, and when green gentrification takes place.
Differentiation and Functional Incorporation of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Interneurons in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Cell therapies for neurological disorders require an extensive knowledge of disease-associated neuropathology and procedures for generating neurons for transplantation. In many patients with severe acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the dentate gyrus exhibits sclerosis and GABAergic interneuron degeneration. Mounting evidence suggests that therapeutic benefits can be obtained by transplanting fetal GABAergic progenitors into the dentate gyrus in rodents with TLE, but the scarcity of human fetal cells limits applicability in patient populations. In contrast, virtually limitless quantities of neural progenitors can be obtained from embryonic stem (ES) cells. ES cell-based therapies for neurological repair in TLE require evidence that the transplanted neurons integrate functionally and replace cell types that degenerate. To address these issues, we transplanted mouse ES cell-derived neural progenitors (ESNPs) with ventral forebrain identities into the hilus of the dentate gyrus of mice with TLE and evaluated graft differentiation, mossy fiber sprouting, cellular morphology, and electrophysiological properties of the transplanted neurons. In addition, we compared electrophysiological properties of the transplanted neurons with endogenous hilar interneurons in mice without TLE. The majority of transplanted ESNPs differentiated into GABAergic interneuron subtypes expressing calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, or calretinin. Global suppression of mossy fiber sprouting was not observed; however, ESNP-derived neurons formed dense axonal arborizations in the inner molecular layer and throughout the hilus. Whole-cell hippocampal slice electrophysiological recordings and morphological analyses of the transplanted neurons identified five basic types; most with strong after-hyperpolarizations and smooth or sparsely spiny dendritic morphologies resembling endogenous hippocampal interneurons. Moreover, intracellular recordings of spontaneous EPSCs indicated that the new cells functionally integrate into epileptic hippocampal circuitry.
Rhythmic diurnal gene expression in human adipose tissue from individuals who are lean , overweight and have type 2 diabetes Running Title : Rhythmic human adipose gene expression

249 words (max 250) OBJECTIVE – Previous animal studies suggest a functional relationship between metabolism, type 2 diabetes and the amplitude of daily rhythms in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, data interpretation is confounded by differences in genetic background and diet, or limited sampling points. We have taken the novel approach of analysing serial human WAT biopsies across a 24-hour cycle, in controlled laboratory conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS – Lean (n = 8), overweight/obese (n = 11), or overweight/obese with type 2 diabetes (n = 8) volunteers followed a strict sleep-wake and dietary regime for 1 week prior to the laboratory study. They were then maintained in controlled light-dark conditions, semi-recumbent posture and fed hourly during wake periods. Subcutaneous WAT biopsies were collected 6-hourly over 24-hours and gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS – Lean individuals exhibited significant (P < 0.05) temporal changes of core clock (PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY2, BMAL1, DBP) and metabolic (REVERBα, RIP140, PGC1α) genes. The BMAL1 rhythm was in approximate antiphase with the other clock genes. Surprisingly, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of increased body weight or type 2 diabetes on rhythmic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS – The robust nature of these rhythms and their relative phasing indicate that WAT can now be considered as a peripheral tissue suitable for the study of in vivo human rhythms. Comparison of data between subject groups clearly
GeoWeight: internet host geolocation based on a probability model for latency measurements

Knowing the geographical location of an Internet host is of importance to many of today's Internet services. In this paper we focus on geolocating Internet hosts based purely on latency measurements. Existing latency measurement-based geolocation techniques use the observed latencies from multiple landmarks to the target host to determine maximum bound or both the maximum and minimum bounds of the geographical region where the target host is located. Due to the large variance of Internet latency measurements, the region constrained based on such maximum-minimum bounds tends to be relatively large resulting in large estimation errors. We propose a geolocation algorithm, GeoWeight, which improves the geolocation accuracy by further limiting the possible target region by dividing the constrained region to sub-regions of different weights. The weight assigned to a subregion indicates the probability of the target being in that sub-region; a higher weight indicating a more probable region. By considering latency measurements from multiple landmarks and computing the resultant weights of overlapping regions a better constrained target region can be obtained. This paper presents the GeoWeight algorithm and evaluates its performance using both synthetic and real data by geolocating target hosts in North America. We compare GeoWeight with two popular geolocation techniques, Octant and CBG, by geolocating the same set of targets. The results show that the GeoWeight algorithm outperforms existing techniques.
A Case of an Institutional PLE : Integrating VLEs and E-Portfolios for Students

This paper presents an exploratory study of the potential for offering students elements to construct their own personal learning environments, through a combination of an eportfolio and integrated learning platform. The intention was to integrate an institutional virtual learning environment; an e-portfolio for assembling work, where the students can include ideas and reflections and create their own work; and social networks as powerful communication tools, particularly of an informal nature. The study aims to find out whether students think that an e-portfolio can improve project assignments when used in collaborative group work; whether this independent way of learning enriches collaborative work and reciprocity among the members of each group so that a knowledge-building process is generated in the case study in question; and whether using e-portfolios contributes more effectively to the achievement of the course’s proposed learning outcomes.
Lung Metastasis from an Immature Teratoma of the Nasal Cavity Masquerading as Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

We report a case of small cell lung cancer that turned out to be a metastatic teratoma from the nasal cavity rather than a new primary cancer. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with an immature teratoma of the nasal cavity with a predominant neuroblastomatous component. Small cell lung cancer was detected by bronchoscopic biopsy 21 months later, and it was treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy as if it had been a new primary cancer. Since a recurrent tumor containing fat-like density grew slowly on the serial chest CT scans after achieving complete response, we reached the conclusion that the small undifferentiated cells could be metastatic neuroblastomatous components from the immature teratoma of the nasal cavity.
Coach Support of High School Student-Athletes Struggling With Anxiety or Depression

This study sought to identify factors that influence whether coaches support athletes struggling with depression and anxiety. Participants were U.S. public high school coaches who completed a written survey assessing their experiences, attitudes, and behaviors related to student-athlete mental health (n = 190 coaches, 92% response rate). Around two-thirds of coaches were concerned about mental health issues among the students they coached. They were more likely to extend help to a struggling athlete if they were aware of their school’s mental health plan and had greater confidence related to helping, including feeling confident in their ability to identify symptoms of mental health disorders. Mental health professionals, including sport psychologists who work with or consult with coaches, are well positioned to help provide coaches with the education necessary to be able to support and encourage care seeking by athletes who are struggling with anxiety or depression.
Vacuole membrane fusion

Pore models of membrane fusion postulate that cylinders of integral membrane proteins can initiate a fusion pore after conformational rearrangement of pore subunits. In the fusion of yeast vacuoles, V-ATPase V0 sectors, which contain a central cylinder of membrane integral proteolipid subunits, associate to form a transcomplex that might resemble an intermediate postulated in some pore models. We tested the role of V0 sectors in vacuole fusion. V0 functions in fusion and proton translocation could be experimentally separated via the differential effects of mutations and inhibitory antibodies. Inactivation of the V0 subunit Vph1p blocked fusion in the terminal reaction stage that is independent of a proton gradient. Δvph1 mutants were capable of docking and trans-SNARE pairing and of subsequent release of lumenal Ca2+, but they did not fuse. The Ca2+-releasing channel appears to be tightly coupled to V0 because inactivation of Vph1p by antibodies blocked Ca2+ release. Vph1 deletion on only one fusion partner sufficed to severely reduce fusion activity. The functional requirement for Vph1p correlates to V0 transcomplex formation in that both occur after docking and Ca2+ release. These observations establish V0 as a crucial factor in vacuole fusion acting downstream of trans-SNARE pairing.
Resisting Impersonation Attacks in Chaining-based Public-Key Management on Manets - The Virtual Public-key Management

Chaining-based key management schemes seem to be the ones th at best fit MANETs. The main chaining-based scheme is the Self-Organized Public Key Management System ( PGP-Like). However, it is fully vulnerable to impersonation attacks. In order to reduce such vulnerabi lity, this article introduces a new public-key management system for MANETs, the Virtual Key Management Syste m (VKM). VKM uses a virtual structure to indicate the trust between nodes and the certificate chain s formation. VKM can behave in a restrict way, being able to tolerate impersonation attacks to a certain le vel, or it can behave similarly to the PGP-Like, just by changing a simple parameter. Thus, VKM can suit any user ne ds switching between these two models dynamically, without any network reinitialization or reco nfiguration.