Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity.

List of contributors Foreword Ariel Dorfman Acknowledgments Introduction: conflict, justice and reclamation Harvey M. Weinstein and Eric Stover Part I. Institutional Approaches to Justice: Introduction 1. A world unto itself? The application of international justice in the former Yugoslavia Laurel E. Fletcher and Harvey M. Weinstein 2. Legal responses to genocide in Rwanda Alison des Forges and Timothy Longman 3. Localizing justice: gacaca courts in post-genocide Rwanda Urusaro Alice Karekezi, Alphonse Nshimiyimana and Beth Mutamba 4. Exhumation of mass graves: balancing legal and humanitarian needs Eric Stover and Rachel Shigekane 5. Witnesses and the promise of justice in The Hague Eric Stover 6. Reparations in the aftermath of repression and mass violence Naomi Roht-Arriaza Part II. Social Reconstruction and Justice: Introduction 7. Neighbors again? Intercommunity relations after ethnic cleansing Dinka Corkalo, Dean Ajdukovic, Harvey M. Weinstein, Eric Stover, Dino Djipa and Miklos Biro 8. Memory, identity, and community in Rwanda Timothy Longman and Theoneste Rutagengwa 9. Attitudes toward justice and social reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia Miklos Biro, Dean Ajdukovic, Dinka Corkalo, Dina Djipa, Petar Milin and Harvey M. Weinstein 10. Connecting justice to human experience: attitudes toward accountability and reconciliation in Rwanda Timothy Longman, Phuong Pham and Harvey M. Weinstein 11. Public education and social reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia Sarah Warshauer Freedman, Dinka Corkalo, Naomi Levy, Dino Abazovic, Bronwyn Leebaw, Dean Ajdukovic, Dino Djipa and Harvey M. Weinstein 12. Confronting the past in Rwandan schools Sarah Warshauer Freedman, Deo Kambanda, Beth Lewis Samuelson, Innocent Mugisha, Immaculee Mukashema, Evode Mukama, Jean Mutabaruka, Harvey M. Weinstein and Timothy Longman Part III. Survivors and Justice: Introduction 13. Art out of the rubble Pamela Blotner 14. Trust and betrayal in war Dean Ajdukovic and Dinka Corkalo 15. Empathy and rehumanization after mass violence Jodi Halpern and Harvey M. Weinstein Conclusion: a common objective, a universe of alternatives Eric Stover and Harvey M. Weinstein Index.
EXTRA-ARTICULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Introduction: Despite the predominant osteoarticular and periarticular manifestations, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease, often associated with extra-articular manifestations. The present study was aimed to assess extra-articular manifestations among patients who were diagnosed with RAand to also assess patient related factors associated with the presence of extra-articular manifestations. Methodology: We included 50 patients with RA, with a disease duration of more than 5 years and those who took at least 3-year treatment with disease modifying agents. Extra-articular complications were diagnosed clinically and laboratory conrmation was done as deemed necessary by the treating physician. Disease characteristics including deformities or other morbidities and associated complications were recorded. Results: Of the 50 patients included in the study, mean age of the patients was 53.4 years and 14 patients (28%) had any kind of extra-articular manifestation. The most common extra-articular manifestation was Secondary Sjogren's Syndrome (22%), osteoporosis (18%) and instestitial lung disease (15.5%). Less common extra-articular manifestations were nodules (12%), bromyalgia (10%), coronary artery disease (8%), peripheral neuropathy (6%), vasculitis (3%), eye manifestations (2%), malignancy (1%) and amyloidosis (1%). Increasing age, disease duration and severity as assessed by Disease Activity Score were found to be signicantly associated with the presence of extra-articular manifestation. Conclusions: Our study found that extra-articular manifestations among RA patients were found to have a signicant association with many patient-related variables like age, disease duration and disease severity
Thermal evolution of pre‐adult life history traits, geometric size and shape, and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura

Replicated lines of Drosophila subobscura originating from a large outbred stock collected at the estimated Chilean epicentre (Puerto Montt) of the original New World invasion were allowed to evolve under controlled conditions of larval crowding for 3.5 years at three temperature levels (13, 18 and 22 °C). Several pre‐adult life history traits (development time, survival and competitive ability), adult life history related traits (wing size, wing shape and wing‐aspect ratio), and wing size and shape asymmetries were measured at the three temperatures. Cold‐adapted (13 °C) populations evolved longer development times and showed lower survival at the highest developmental temperature. No divergence for wing size was detected following adaptation to temperature extremes (13 and 22 °C), in agreement with earlier observations, but wing shape changes were obvious as a result of both thermal adaptation and development at different temperatures. However, the evolutionary trends observed for the wing‐aspect ratio were inconsistent with an adaptive hypothesis. There was some indication that wing shape asymmetry has evolutionarily increased in warm‐adapted populations, which suggests that there is additive genetic variation for fluctuating asymmetry and that it can evolve under rapid environmental changes caused by thermal stress. Overall, our results cast strong doubts on the hypothesis that body size itself is the target of selection, and suggest that pre‐adult life history traits are more closely related to thermal adaptation.
Lipid abnormalities associated with urinary albumin excretion rate in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the lipid abnormalities associated with urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS A total of 275 (122 men and 153 women; aged 60.6 +/- 11.1 years) patients were selected with stringent criteria to prevent confounders. Normoalbuminuria (N= 152) and albuminuria (N= 123) were defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of <30 and > or =30 microg/mg, respectively. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) were measured and non-HDL cholesterol calculated. The subjects were divided into four phenotypes based on triglycerides (<1.5 or > or =1.5 mmol/L) and ApoB (<1.2 or > or =1.2 g/L). RESULTS Total cholesterol, ApoB, and non-HDL cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in patients with albuminuria. For quartiles of the lipid parameters, prevalences of albuminuria showed significant association with ApoB and non-HDL cholesterol (P trend <0.05). After adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) correlation coefficients between the natural logarithm (ln) ACR and lipid parameters, odds ratios for albuminuria, and standardized regression coefficients for ln ACR, were significant for total cholesterol, ApoB and non-HDL cholesterol in all subjects and in men, but only ApoB was significant in women. For patients with normoalbuminuria, frequencies of normotriglycerides/normo-ApoB, hypertriglycerides/normo-ApoB, normotriglycerides/hyper-ApoB, and hypertriglycerides/hyper-ApoB were 44.7%, 28.9%, 10.5%, and 15.8%, respectively; and were 30.1%, 19.5%, 15.4%, and 35.0% for patients with albuminuria (P < 0.001). The respective adjusted odds ratio for albuminuria for the four phenotypes was 1.00, 1.04 (0.54 to 2.00), 2.25 (1.02 to 5.00), and 3.38 (1.75 to 6.53). CONCLUSION Increased UAER is associated with ApoB-containing lipoproteins and the phenotype of hypertriglycerides/hyper-ApoB is associated with the highest risk of albuminuria. The surrogate marker of non-HDL cholesterol for ApoB is more applicable to the diabetic men.
Development of the Interactive Whiteboard Acceptance Scale (IWBAS): An Initial Study

The purposes of this study were to develop and to conduct an initial psychometric evaluation of the Interactive Whiteboard Acceptance Scale (IWBAS). The process of item-generation for the IWBAS was carried out through the sequential mixed-method approach. A total of 149 student teachers from a teacher-education institution in Australia participated in the project.The principal component analysis (PCA) yielded a five-factor model comprising 14 items, and its factorial validity was confirmed through the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling (SEM). The IWBAS reached the minimum thresholds for an acceptable model fit. In addition to the factorial validities, the convergent validity and discriminant validity of the IWBAS were examined, both showing satisfactory validity and good internal consistency for all five constructs. On this basis, the IWBAS can be considered a valid and reliable instrument designed specifically for assessing IWB acceptance among student teachers.
Intimate Relationship Behaviors of Cuban Male College Students

To assess the influence of acculturation and religiosity on the intimate relationship behaviors of Cuban males, 62 male college students from Cuba answered questions regarding their acculturation to American society, religiosity, and dating and sexual history. Cuban males whose parents allowed them to date at an early age, went on their first date and had their first girlfriend similar to the age when parents allowed dating, and had their first sexual encounter within three years of dating initiation. Religiosity impacted when parents allowed dating and first sexual encounter of youth. Acculturation impacted age at initial dating, first girlfriend, and first sexual encounter. Cuban males who were less acculturated to American society were at an increased risk of early dating behaviors and early sexual activity.
Volatility Spillovers and Contagion During the Asian Crisis: Evidence from Six Southeast Asian Stock Markets

Using a multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH-M) model, we investigate volatility spillovers in six Southeast Asian stock markets around the time of the 1997 Asian crisis. We focus on interactions with the U.S. market as a world financial market, and with the Japanese market as a regional financial market. We also use bivariate GARCH-M models to examine the behavior of individual markets and their interactions with other markets in the region. All models lend support to the idea of the "Asian contagion," which started in Thailand and rapidly spread to other markets.
Peroxiredoxin 6, a Novel Player in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes

Enhanced oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a key regulator of cellular redox balance, with the peculiar ability to neutralize peroxides, peroxynitrite, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. In the current study, we aimed to define the role of PRDX6 in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using PRDX6 knockout (−/−) mice. Glucose and insulin responses were evaluated respectively by intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was analyzed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and molecular tools were used to investigate insulin signaling. Moreover, inflammatory and lipid parameters were evaluated. We demonstrated that PRDX6−/− mice developed a phenotype similar to early-stage T2D caused by both reduced glucose-dependent insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance. Impaired insulin signaling was present in PRDX6−/− mice, leading to reduction of muscle glucose uptake. Morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed in islets of Langerhans and livers of mutant animals, as well as altered plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PRDX6 is a key mediator of overt hyperglycemia in T2D glucose metabolism, opening new perspectives for targeted therapeutic strategies in diabetes care.
Investigation of a Genome Wide Association Signal for Obesity: Synthetic Association and Haplotype Analyses at the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene Locus

Background Independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed an obesogenic effect of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; rs12970134 and rs17782313) more than 150 kb downstream of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R). It is unclear if the SNPs directly influence MC4R function or expression, or if the SNPs are on a haplotype that predisposes to obesity or includes functionally relevant genetic variation (synthetic association). As both exist, functionally relevant mutations and polymorphisms in the MC4R coding region and a robust association downstream of the gene, MC4R is an ideal model to explore synthetic association. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed a genomic region (364.9 kb) encompassing the MC4R in GWAS data of 424 obesity trios (extremely obese child/adolescent and both parents). SNP rs12970134 showed the lowest p-value (p = 0.004; relative risk for the obesity effect allele: 1.37); conditional analyses on this SNP revealed that 7 of 78 analyzed SNPs provided independent signals (p≤0.05). These 8 SNPs were used to derive two-marker haplotypes. The three best (according to p-value) haplotype combinations were chosen for confirmation in 363 independent obesity trios. The confirmed obesity effect haplotype includes SNPs 3′ and 5′ of the MC4R. Including MC4R coding variants in a joint model had almost no impact on the effect size estimators expected under synthetic association. Conclusions/Significance A haplotype reaching from a region 5′ of the MC4R to a region at least 150 kb from the 3′ end of the gene showed a stronger association to obesity than single SNPs. Synthetic association analyses revealed that MC4R coding variants had almost no impact on the association signal. Carriers of the haplotype should be enriched for relevant mutations outside the MC4R coding region and could thus be used for re-sequencing approaches. Our data also underscore the problems underlying the identification of relevant mutations depicted by GWAS derived SNPs.
The association between COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism and antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia risk

Purpose: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met gene polymorphism has been implicated the association with Tardive dyskinesia (TD) risk. However, lots of studies have reported contradictory results, so we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism and TD susceptibility. Materials and methods: The PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet and Wanfang Database were researched up to 5 January 2015. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the relationship, and the statistical analyses were carried out by STATA 11.0 software. Results: In total, 1206 cases and 1680 controls from 11 case-control studies were included in the present study. The overall and subgroup pooled results indicated no significant association between COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism and TD susceptibility in all gene models (AA + AG vs. GG, OR: 0.98, 95% CI = 0.76–1.26, P = 0.87; AA vs. AG + GG, OR: 1.15, 95% CI = 0.93–1.42, P = 0.271; AA vs. GG, OR: 1.15, 95% CI = 0.90–1.49, P = 0.27; AG vs. GG, OR: 0.95, 95% CI = 0.80–1.14, P = 0.59; A vs. G, OR: 1.05, 95% CI = 0.93–1.17, P = 0.43). Conclusion: The study suggested COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism may not be an independent risk factor for TD susceptibility, especially in East Asians.
Pleural function and lymphatics

The pleural space plays an important role in respiratory function as the negative intrapleural pressure regimen ensures lung expansion and in the mean time maintains the tight mechanical coupling between the lung and the chest wall. The efficiency of the lung–chest wall coupling depends upon pleural liquid volume, which in turn reflects the balance between the filtration of fluid into and its egress out of the cavity. While filtration occurs through a single mechanism passively driving fluid from the interstitium of the parietal pleura into the cavity, several mechanisms may co‐operate to remove pleural fluid. Among these, the pleural lymphatic system emerges as the most important one in quantitative terms and the only one able to cope with variable pleural fluid volume and drainage requirements. In this review, we present a detailed account of the actual knowledge on: (a) the complex morphology of the pleural lymphatic system, (b) the mechanism supporting pleural lymph formation and propulsion, (c) the dependence of pleural lymphatic function upon local tissue mechanics and (d) the effect of lymphatic inefficiency in the development of clinically severe pleural and, more in general, respiratory pathologies.
Implicit Theories of Innovativeness: Cultural Differences

Objective of the research: to reveal implicit theories of innovativeness among members of the three ethno-cultural groups: Russians, the peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingush), and Tuvinians, and their impact on the attitude to innovations in a cross-cultural comparison. Students and teachers of from secondary schools (N=804) have completed a questionnaire in Russian, which included the modified Adjective Check List (Runco et al., 1993) to measure the qualities necessary for innovators; also used was the authors's scale of Innovative Qqualities of Ppersonality (Lebedeva, Tatarko, 2009), measuring the attitudes to innovations (12 items). The mean on the scale’s items constitutes “Integral Index of the Ppersonality’s Iinnovativeness” (alpha Cronbach's scores are: 0,79 for Russians; 0,85 for North Caucasians; 0,80 for Tuvinians). Respondents were also asked also about their personal experience of innovation’s the introduction or and / and or implementation of innovations. The data was processed using the statistical package SPSS (version 19) statistical package. To define the relationships of the variables we used structural modeling of latent variables with AMOS (version 19). Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses we have identified two blocks of implicit theories of innovativeness: «’Individual» ‘ implicit theories: open-mindedness, creativity, enthusiasm, risk propensity, imagination, high motivation, optimism, and «’Social» ‘ implicit theories: respect for authority, honesty, trust to in people. We have founded intercultural differences: the ‘«individual» ‘ theories of innovativeness are more pronounced among Russians, ; the respondents from the North Caucasus and Tuva prefer social theories of innovativeness more. Using structural equation modeling we have built a culturally universal model of the impact of implicit theories of innovativeness on the personal experience of innovations through attitudes toward innovations. The effect of implicit theories of innovativeness on the attitudes to innovation is more pronounced in the traditional cultures of the North Caucasus and Tuva, but it is not significant in the more modernized (Russian) culture. Positive attitudes to innovation positively affect the experience of innovations in all three cultures. The results obtained results should be considered when planning and implementing innovations in different regions of Russia.
Potential Role of Bradykinin in Forearm Muscle Metabolism in Humans

Using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp and the human forearm technique, we have demonstrated that the improved glucose disposal rate observed after the administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor such as captopril may be primarily due to increased muscle glucose uptake (MGU). These results are not surprising because ACE, which is identical to the bradykinin (BK)-degrading kininase II, is abundantly present in muscle tissue, and its inhibition has been observed to elicit the observed metabolic actions via elevated tissue concentrations of BK and through a BK B2 receptor site in muscle and/or endothelial tissue. These findings are supported by several previous studies. Exogenous BK applied into the brachial artery of the human forearm not only augmented muscle blood flow (MBF) but also enhanced the rate of MGU. In another investigation, during rhythmic voluntary contraction, both MBF and MGU increased in response to the higher energy expenditure, and the release of BK rose in the blood vessel, draining the working muscle tissue. Inhibition of the activity of the BK-generating protease in muscle tissue (kallikrein) with aprotinin significantly diminished these functional responses during contraction. Applying the same kallikrein inhibitor during the infusion of insulin into the brachial artery significantly reduced the effect of insulin on glucose uptake into forearm muscle. This is of interest, because in recent studies insulin has been suggested to elicit its actions on MBF and MGU via the accelerated release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, the generation of which is also stimulated by BK in a concentration-dependent manner. This new evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies sheds new light on the discussion of whether BK may play a role in energy metabolism of skeletal muscle tissue.
How domain growth is implemented determines the long term behaviour of a cell population through its effect on spatial correlations

Domain growth plays an important role in many biological systems, and so the inclusion of domain growth in models of these biological systems is important to understanding how these biological systems function. In this work we present methods to include the effects of domain growth on the evolution of spatial correlations in a continuum approximation of a lattice-based model of cell motility and proliferation. We show that, depending on the way in which domain growth is implemented, different steady-state densities are predicted for an agent population. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the way in which domain growth is implemented can result in the evolution of the agent density depending on the size of the domain. Continuum approximations that ignore spatial correlations cannot capture these behaviours, while those that account for spatial correlations do. These results will be of interest to researchers in developmental biology, as they suggest that the nature of domain growth can determine the characteristics of cell populations.
CLOSET+: searching for the best strategies for mining frequent closed itemsets

Mining frequent closed itemsets provides complete and non-redundant results for frequent pattern analysis. Extensive studies have proposed various strategies for efficient frequent closed itemset mining, such as depth-first search vs. breadthfirst search, vertical formats vs. horizontal formats, tree-structure vs. other data structures, top-down vs. bottom-up traversal, pseudo projection vs. physical projection of conditional database, etc. It is the right time to ask "what are the pros and cons of the strategies? " and "what and how can we pick and integrate the best strategies to achieve higher performance in general cases? "In this study, we answer the above questions by a systematic study of the search strategies and develop a winning algorithm CLOSET+. CLOSET+ integrates the advantages of the previously proposed effective strategies as well as some ones newly developed here. A thorough performance study on synthetic and real data sets has shown the advantages of the strategies and the improvement of CLOSET+ over existing mining algorithms, including CLOSET, CHARM and OP, in terms of runtime, memory usage and scalability.