Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process Modeling Notations and Workflow Patterns

The research work of Wil van der Aalst, Arthur ter Hofstede, Bartek Kiepuszewski, and Alistair Barros has resulted in the identification of 21 patterns that describe the behavior of business processes. This paper reviews how two graphical process modeling notations, tShe BPMN Business Process Diagram from the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), and the UML 2.0 Activity Diagram from the Object Management Group (OMG), can represent the workflow patterns. The solutions of the two notations are compared for technical ability to represent the patterns as well as their readability.
The child's trigger experience: Degree-0 learnability

Abstract According to a “selective” (as opposed to “instructive”) model of human language capacity, people come to know more than they experience. The discrepancy between experience and eventual capacity (the “poverty of the stimulus”) is bridged by genetically provided information. Hence any hypothesis about the linguistic genotype (or “Universal Grammar,” UG) has consequences for what experience is needed and what form people's mature capacities (or “grammars”) will take. This BBS target article discusses the “trigger experience,” that is, the experience that actually affects a child's linguistic development. It is argued that this must be a subset of a child's total linguistic experience and hence that much of what a child hears has no consequence for the form of the eventual grammar. UG filters experience and provides an upper bound on what constitutes the triggering experience. This filtering effect can often be seen in the way linguistic capacity can change between generations. Children only need access to robust structures of minimal (“degree-0”) complexity. Everything can be learned from simple, unembedded “domains” (a grammatical concept involved in defining an expression's logical form). Children do not need access to more complex structures.
Subventricular zone microglia possess a unique capacity for massive in vitro expansion

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have recently been hypothesized to play a role both in neuronal diseases and age‐related neurogenic decline, and are theorized to be modulators of adult neurogenesis. Current methods for the isolation of microglia from cultured primary brain tissue result in relatively poor yield, requiring a large tissue sample or multiple specimens to obtain a sufficient number of microglia for cell and molecular analysis. We report here a method for the repetitive isolation of microglia from established glial monolayer cultures from which it is possible to expand the initial population of microglia roughly 10,000‐fold. The expanded population expresses appropriate microglial morphology and phenotype markers, and demonstrates functionally normal phagocytosis, thus providing a high‐yield assay for the investigation and analysis of microglia from a single initial dissection of primary tissue. Furthermore, this massive expansion is limited to microglia derived from the subventricular zone as the fold expansion of isolatable microglia was found to be up to 20 times greater than cultures from other brain regions, indicating unique properties for this persistently neurogenic region. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathological analysis of near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy acute myeloid leukaemia

Aims Near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy (NT/T) is a rare cytogenetic alteration in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). NT/T-AML is categorised as complex cytogenetics and therefore, presumed to have an unfavourable prognosis. Our aim is to further characterise the clinical, morphological, cytogenetic and prognostic features of NT/T-AML. Methods We searched our cytogenetic laboratory database from 1991 to 2012 to reveal 13 cases of NT/T-AML. Each case was evaluated with regard to its demographics, morphology, immunophenotype and prognosis. Specific morphological features included blast size, irregularity of nuclear contours, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and presence and lineage of dysplasia. Results Eleven men and two women had a median age of 68 years. Blasts were predominately large (11/13). Eight of 13 patients had AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Sixty-nine per cent of patients achieved complete remission (CR). Median overall survival (OS) was 8.6 months. CR rate and median OS in cases with ≥5 cytogenetic abnormalities were 71% and 6 months, compared with 67% and 18.1 months in cases with <5 abnormalities. Conclusions NT/T-AML occurs in older males, exhibits large blast size and is associated with myelodysplasia. Unlike previously reported data, our study reveals an overall better prognosis in this older population with NT/T-AML than was expected for a complex karyotype AML. Cytogenetic complexity independent of ploidy status did not greatly affect the high CR rates, but did appear to be a better estimation of prognostic risk in terms of median OS.
Epistasis between RET and BBS mutations modulates enteric innervation and causes syndromic Hirschsprung disease

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a common, multigenic neurocristopathy characterized by incomplete innervation along a variable length of the gut. The pivotal gene in isolated HSCR cases, either sporadic or familial, is RET. HSCR also presents in various syndromes, including Shah–Waardenburg syndrome (WS), Down (DS), and Bardet–Biedl (BBS). Here, we report 3 families with BBS and HSCR with concomitant mutations in BBS genes and regulatory RET elements, whose functionality is tested in physiologically relevant assays. Our data suggest that BBS mutations can potentiate HSCR predisposing RET alleles, which by themselves are insufficient to cause disease. We also demonstrate that these genes interact genetically in vivo to modulate gut innervation, and that this interaction likely occurs through complementary, yet independent, pathways that converge on the same biological process.
Psychosocial Predictors of Intentions to Engage in Change Supportive Behaviors in an Organizational Context

This study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand employee change readiness. The extent to which attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted employees' intentions to carry out activities that were supportive of a change event were investigated. The impact of group norm was examined as a further predictor of change-related intentions. The context of the research was a sample of 82 employees in the early stages of a re-branding process. Results indicated that direct measures of attitude and subjective norm, as well as group norm, emerged as significant predictors of employees' intentions to perform re-branding behaviors. To capture the indirect beliefs underlying attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, participants also provided an assessment of their behavioral, normative, and control beliefs in regards to the change event, respectively. A series of MANOVAs revealed significant differences between moderate and high intenders on a range of underlying beliefs. Findings are discussed in terms of the application of the TPB for effective change management.
Parents' Experiences in Role Negotiation Within an Infant Services Program

Effective partnerships between families and health providers have been identified as the cornerstone of family-centered care. Role negotiation between parents and rehabilitation professionals is recognized as a key component to developing this effective partnership. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of the role-negotiation process among parents of young children. An exploratory qualitative research approach was used and in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 parents of children under the age of 3 years who were receiving services through an early intervention rehabilitation program. A 6-phase interpretive thematic framework guided the data analysis. Two major themes emerged from the data: (1) roles and expectations, and (2) the evolution of a symbiotic relationship. Parents recognized and defined the roles they assumed in their child's care and had distinct expectations of the roles attributed to rehabilitation professionals. No formalized role-negotiation process was identified. Instead, the evolution of a symbiotic parent-professional relationship was described, in which dependency on professionals to meet parent specific needs subsequently fostered their assumption of primary responsibility. This relationship appeared to be the precursor to the development of effective parent-professional collaboration and key to parent satisfaction with rehabilitation services.
Comparing Teachers' Strategies for Supporting Student Inquiry in a Problem-Based Multimedia-Enhanced History Unit

Abstract This paper explores how teachers with different teaching styles conceptualized and implemented a multimedia-supported problem-based inquiry (PBI) unit. We focus on how the teachers supported student thinking and examine underlying belief, knowledge, and dispositional factors that may account for differences in the teachers' practices. We hypothesize that certain dispositions and epistemological assumptions about knowledge may be prerequisites for effective problem-based practice. However, teachers who demonstrate those prerequisites may differ in other assumptions about students and what constitutes legitimate, feasible PBI. Those differences may lead them to different configurations of PBI practice that may produce substantially different outcomes.
A biomedical entertainment platform design based on musical rhythm characteristics and heart rate variability (HRV)

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of variations in the heart rate. Over the last 25 years, HRV analysis has became popular as a non-invasive research and clinical tool for indirectly investigating both cardiac and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in both health and disease area. How the musical rhythmic characteristics, tempo and complexity, affect the performance of HRV is studied in this work. By understanding the relationship between music and the function of ANS, the novel biomedical entertainment platform is proposed and used for relaxation.
If maturity is the answer, then exactly what was the question?

Purpose – Maturity models have been widely adopted as a popular framework for improvement project management practices. Despite their prevalence, there is still minimal evidence that improvements in maturity correspond to improvements in performance or value. This paper aims to explore the challenges faced in applying project management maturity models and offers suggestions for their revision. Design/methodology/approach – The paper highlights the presumptions in their development and use that are inhibiting relevance of maturity models. Case studies from a major research project explore the relationship between maturity and value. Insights are generated on how project management maturity models need to change in order to become relevant. Findings – Project management maturity models presume that project management is universal, control oriented and consistent, and that maturity is a linear process. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the practice of project management varies, that different practices r.
Parental, Sibling, and Peer Influences on Adolescent Substance Use and Alcohol Problems

Structural equation modeling was used with data from over 570 middle adolescents to evaluate a multivariate developmental model of predictors of adolescent alcohol and other drug use, and alcohol problems. Consistent with previous research, peer and sibling substance use were more strongly related to adolescent substance use than parental alcohol use. Sibling substance use was a robust predictor of peer substance use, and both temperament characteristics (e.g., activity level) and stressful life events predicted peer substance use. Sibling substance use also predicted coping motives for drinking by the target adolescent, implicating possible role modeling or imitation for drinking under stressful conditions and a preference for avoidance coping strategies. Alcohol use was a significant predictor of alcohol problems and illicit drug use; however, peer substance use, coping motives for drinking, and stressful life events were also statistically significant predictors of alcohol problems, over and above their influence on level of alcohol use. Findings based on these multivariate relations are discussed with regard to intervention implications and the need to provide more secondary interventions for middle adolescents with alcohol problems.
Follistatin-Like 1 Is an Akt-Regulated Cardioprotective Factor That Is Secreted by the Heart

Background— The Akt protein kinase is an important mediator of cardiac myocyte growth and survival. To identify factors with novel therapeutic applications in cardiac diseases, we focused on the identification of factors secreted from Akt1-activated cells that have cardioprotective effects through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Methods and Results— Using an inducible Akt1 transgenic mouse model, we have found that follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) protein and transcript expression are increased 4.0- and 2.0-fold, respectively, by Akt activation in the heart (P<0.05). Fstl1 transcript was also upregulated in response to myocardial stresses including transverse aortic constriction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Fstl1 protected cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis (P<0.01), and this protective effect was dependent on the upregulation of both Akt and ERK activities. Conversely, knockdown of Fstl1 in cardiac myocytes decreased basal Akt signaling and increased the frequency of apoptotic death in vitro (P<0.01). The intravenous administration of an adenoviral encoding Fstl1 to mice resulted in a 66.0% reduction in myocardial infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion injury that was accompanied by a 70.9% reduction in apoptosis in the heart (P<0.01). Conclusions— These results indicate that Fstl1 is a cardiac-secreted factor that functions as an antiapoptotic protein. Fstl1 could play a role in myocardial maintenance and repair in response to harmful stimuli.
Eye movements when reading: The importance of the word to the left of fixation

In reading, it is well established that word processing can begin in the parafovea while the eyes are fixating the previous word. However, much less is known about the processing of information to the left of fixation. In two experiments, this issue was explored by combining a gaze-contingent display procedure preventing parafoveal preview and a letter detection task. All words were displayed as a series of xs until the reader fixated them, thereby preventing forward parafoveal processing, yet enabling backward parafoveal or postview processing. Results from both experiments revealed that readers were able to detect a target letter embedded in a word that was skipped. In those cases, the letter could only have been identified in postview (to the left of fixation), and detection rate decreased as the distance between the target letter and the eyes' landing position increased. Most importantly, for those skipped words, the typical missing-letter effect was observed with more omissions for target letters embedded in function than in content words. This can be taken as evidence that readers can extract basic prelexical information, such as the presence of a letter, in the parafoveal area to the left of fixation. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to models of eye movement control in reading and also in relation to models of the missing-letter effect.
Examining the Evidence for Interventions with Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Introduction: This paper presents the results of a critical review of the literature regarding the evidence for the effectiveness of a selection of interventions in terms of improving occupational performance in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method: The inclusion criteria for articles reviewed were as follows: be about children whose primary diagnosis was DCD; present actual research into the effectiveness of an intervention or interventions; consider interventions that fit with occupational therapy practice (although it was not necessary for the intervention to be carried out by an occupational therapist); be published in peer-reviewed journals; and be available in the English language. The literature search was conducted by applying Boolean logic to the following databases: EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ERIC. All articles that had the potential to fit the inclusion criteria were collected and screened for suitability. Reference lists of pertinent articles were also checked for further literature. The publication date of articles ranged from 1984 to 2011. Nineteen articles were deemed suitable for further appraisal and were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Findings: The findings indicated that, of those interventions reviewed, the most effective in improving occupational performance was the Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance approach.
Temporal Estimation of Major News Events: Re‐examining the Accessibility Principle

SUMMARY The way in which people estimate when an event occurred and the accuracy of their estimates are of concern both to psychologists interested in the structure of event memory and to other researchers who, for a variety of reasons, rely on the accuracy of people’s temporal estimates. Over 2,000 subjects were asked to say when two major news events, Thatcher’s resignation and the Hillsborough football disaster, happened. By embedding the questions in a face-to-face survey we hoped to maximize the probability of subjects using a relatively simple estimation heuristic, previously described as the accessibility principle. This predicts that underestimation of elapsed time should be associated with clearer memories. This hypothesis was not corroborated. We discuss which aspects of the accessibility principle can be retained.
Physics of accretion in the millisecond pulsar XTE J1751 – 305

We have undertaken an extensive study of X-ray data from the accreting millisecond pulsar XTE J 1751 - 305 observed by RXTE and XMM-Newton during its 2002 outburst. In all aspects this source is similar to the prototypical millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4 - 3658, except for the higher peak luminosity of 13 per cent of Eddington, and the optical depth of the hard X-ray source, which is larger by a factor ∼2. Its broad-band X-ray spectrum can be modelled by three components. We interpret the two soft components as thermal emission from a colder (kT ∼ 0.6 keV) accretion disc and a hotter (∼1 keV) spot on the neutron star surface. We interpret the hard component as thermal Comptonization in plasma of temperature ∼40 keV and optical depth ∼1.5 in a slab geometry. The plasma is heated by the accretion shock as the material collimated by the magnetic field impacts on to the surface. The seed photons for Comptonization are provided by the hotspot, not by the disc. The Compton reflection is weak and the disc is probably truncated into an optically thin flow above the magnetospheric radius. Rotation of the emission region with the star creates an almost sinusoidal pulse profile with an rms amplitude of 3.3 per cent. The energy-dependent soft phase lags can be modelled by two pulsating components shifted in phase, which is naturally explained by a different character of emission of the optically thick spot and optically thin shock combined with the action of the Doppler boosting. The observed variability amplitude constrains the hotspot to lie within 3°-4° of the rotational pole. We estimate the inner radius of the optically thick accreting disc to be about 40 km. In that case, the absence of emission from the antipodal spot, which can be blocked by the accretion disc, gives the inclination of the system as ≥70°.
[Quality of life in elderly cancer patients--need for and benefit of inpatient rehabilitation].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elderly cancer patients are often excluded from research studies and in turn do not end up receiving treatment according to standard guidelines. While frequent co-morbidity or non-compliance of the patients provides a partial explanation for this the chronological age of the patients also plays a significant role. This presents the question of whether elderly patients have either less or no need for comprehensive treatment such as, for instance, oncological inpatient rehabilitation, and/or whether or not they are able to benefit from it. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a rehabilitation centre in Germany, 339 tumour patients (> or = 70 years) were assessed at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation regarding quality of life via the EORTC QLQ-C30. Need for rehabilitation was defined as being a clinically relevant difference on the EORTC scales (> or = 10 points) as compared with an age-matched sample of the German general population (n = 276). Four months after completing inpatient rehabilitation patients were asked to fill in the questionnaire again. RESULTS On 13 out of 15 EORTC scales, patients reported having more problems than the general population (adjusted for age and sex), whereby 8 domains were also clinically relevant (physical, emotional, social and role functioning, global quality of life, fatigue, appetite loss, constipation and diarrhoea). Low quality of life was associated with higher age (> or = 80 years), as well as gastro-intestinal and urological tumours (not prostate cancer). Significant improvements were achieved in 13 domains and clinically relevant improvements in 8 (physical, emotional, social and role functioning, global quality of life, fatigue, appetite loss, and pain), adjusted for age, sex, and tumour site. CONCLUSIONS Tumour patients should not be excluded from rehabilitation only because of their chronological age.
Apprenticeship Learning using Inverse Reinforcement Learning and Gradient Methods

In this paper we propose a novel gradient algorithm to learn a policy from an expert's observed behavior assuming that the expert behaves optimally with respect to some unknown reward function of a Markovian Decision Problem. The algorithm's aim is to find a reward function such that the resulting optimal policy matches well the expert's observed behavior. The main difficulty is that the mapping from the parameters to policies is both nonsmooth and highly redundant. Resorting to sub differentials solves the first difficulty, while the second one is overcome by computing natural gradients. We tested the proposed method in two artificial domains and found it to be more reliable and efficient than some previous methods.
The Distinctive and Inclusive Domain of Entrepreneurial Cognition Research

Through mapping both distinctive and inclusive elements within the domain of entrepreneurial cognition research, we accomplish our task in this introductory article to Volume 2 of the Special Issue on Information Processing and Entrepreneurial Cognition: to provide a fitting backdrop that will enhance the articles you will find within. We develop and utilize a “boundaries and exchange” concept to provide a lens through which both distinctive and inclusive aspects of the entrepreneurship domain are employed to frame this special issue.