Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Trade and Collective Bargaining Outcomes: Evidence from German Employer–Employee Data

In theoretical trade models with variable mark-ups and collective wage bargaining, exposure to international markets might reduce the exporter wage premium. We test this prediction using linked German employer–employee data covering the years 1996–2007. To separate the rent-sharing mechanism from assortative matching, we exploit individual worker information to construct profitability measures that are free of skill composition. Our results show that rent-sharing is less pronounced in more export-intensive firms or in more open industries. The exporter wage premium is highest for low-productivity firms. In line with theory, these findings are unique to the subsample of plants covered by collective bargaining.
Recruitment of Macrophages and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Lyme Carditis

ABSTRACT Lyme arthritis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, can be recurrent or prolonged, whereas Lyme carditis is mostly nonrecurring. A prominent difference between arthritis and carditis is the differential representation of phagocytes in these lesions: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are more prevalent in the joint, and macrophages predominate in the heart lesion. We have previously shown differential efficiency of B. burgdorferi clearance by PMN and macrophages, and we now investigate whether these functional differences at the cellular level may contribute to the observed differences in organ-specific pathogenesis. When we infected mice lacking the neutrophil chemokine receptor (CXCR2−/− mice) with spirochetes, we detected fewer PMN in joints and less-severe arthritis. Here we have investigated the effects of the absence of the macrophage chemokine receptor CCR2 on the development and resolution of Lyme carditis in resistant (C57BL/6J [B6]) and sensitive (C3H/HeJ [C3H]) strains of mice. In B6 CCR2−/− mice, although inflammation in hearts is mild, we detected an increased burden of B. burgdorferi compared to that in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting reduced clearance in the absence of macrophages. In contrast, C3H CCR2−/− mice have severe inflammation but a decreased B. burgdorferi burden compared to that in WT C3H mice both at peak disease and during resolution. Histopathologic examination of infected hearts revealed that infected C3H CCR2−/− animals have an increased presence of PMN, suggesting compensatory mechanisms of B. burgdorferi clearance in the hearts of infected C3H CCR2−/− mice. The more efficient clearance of B. burgdorferi from hearts by CCR2−/− versus WT C3H mice suggests a natural defect in the recruitment or function of macrophages in C3H mice, which may contribute to the sensitivity of this strain to B. burgdorferi infection.
The Phonology of Glottalization in Mixtec

Les travaux sur la langue mixtec, synchroniques et diachroniques, ont propose deux approches differentes du statut des occlusives glottales. L'A. montre que ces deux approches sont insuffisantes comme solution synchronique au probleme. Pour resoudre cette difficulte, il pose pour la majorite des dialectes mixtec l'existence d'un trait glottique d'entrainement comme une caracteristique de la racine des termes traditionnels mixtec. Il analyse des donnees de la langue mixtec actuelle ainsi que le developpement de la glottalisation dans cette langue
Future developments in health care performance management

This paper highlights the challenges of performance management in health care, wherein multiple different objectives have to be pursued. The literature suggests starting with quality performance, following the sand cone theory, but considering a multidimensional concept of health care quality. Moreover, new managerial approaches coming from an industrial context and adapted to health care, such as lean management and risk management, can contribute to improving quality performance. Therefore, the opportunity to analyze them arises from studying their overlaps and links in order to identify possible synergies and to investigate the opportunity to develop an integrated methodology enabling improved performance.
Taking Responsibility: An Insider View of Teen Motherhood

The issue of responsibility looms large in the public discourse about teen mothers, but it is also a central concern for teen mothers themselves. This article draws on exploratory interviews with teen mothers to contrast their insider with outsider views about what taking responsibility for the baby entails, to show the context in which their views make sense, and to argue that outsider views be revised to take into account these insider considerations. Outsiders recommend measures to hold fathers financially accountable for their children, to make teen mothers live with a parent, and to make teen mothers work rather than assistance from welfare. From the perspective of teen mothers, however, taking responsibility for the baby often means avoiding rather than seeking financial dependence on unreliable fathers of the baby, claiming rather than delegating their role as mothers, and staying on welfare rather than working at an unreliable job.
The Peer Nomination Inventory: An Empirically Derived Sociometric Measure of Adjustment in Preadolescent Boys

Advances in descriptive and developmental studies of childhood psychopathology seem to await more satisfying resolutions of the ubiquitous criterion problems posed by the concept of adjustment. Those who have other than casual contact with childhood behavior disorders are justifiably skeptical of most of the proposed operational resolutions of this complex criteria. However, verbal recognition of the complexity of behaviors implied by the term social adjustment is no substitute for empirical examinations of the separate components implied by the global concept. A single, psychometrically-sound, narrow-band criterion measure of adjustment may have greater utility than an intuitively rich rating of unsatisfactory or unknown measurement properties. The present monograph describes an attempt to develop this more modest type of adjustment measure for groups of pre-adolescent boys. The ratio of available "predictive" indices of childhood maladjustment to available "criterion" measures of the same phenomena seems to reflect a general concensus concerning the formidable nature of the latter class of variables. However, as Bechtoldt (1959) has pointed out, except for the investigator's decisions as to which of two variables to weight in predicting the other, a criterion variable is in no way different from any other test or response defined
Multiscale Measurement of Extreme Response Style

This article extends a methodological approach considered by Bolt and Johnson for the measurement and control of extreme response style (ERS) to the analysis of rating data from multiple scales. Specifically, it is shown how the simultaneous analysis of item responses across scales allows for more accurate identification of ERS, and more effective control of ERS effects on the substantive trait estimates, than when analyzing just one scale. Moreover, unlike a competing approach presented by Greenleaf, the current strategy can accommodate conditions in which the substantive traits across scales correlate, as is almost always the case in social sciences research. Simulation and real data analyses are used for illustration.
An investigation of match‐up effects in sport sponsorship advertising: The implications of consumer advertising schemas

Statistics show that sponsorship of sports and other events is one of the fastest growing areas of promotion (Ukman, 1995), but the importance of this persuasion strategy is not reflected in the amount of attention it has received in the marketing literature. Although some research has been done in this area, the majority of work has not employed the same theoretical and methodological rigor given other areas of consumer behavior (Cunningham & Taylor, 1995). Some scholars (e.g., Gwinner, 1997; Keller, 1993) have suggested that sponsorship functions like celebrity endorser advertising, where the perceived match (or mismatch) of brand attributes with the endorser's attributes influences consumer response to such marketing communications. One of the theoretical rationales used to explain matchup effects in endorser advertising is a schema-based information processing paradigm (Lynch & Schuler, 1994; Misra & Beatty, 1990). The purpose of the current study was to examine the notion that consumers possess schemas that influence their reactions to advertising leveraging sport sponsorships. The research utilizes a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, where three variations of sport sponsorship print ads and two different magazine covers (sport and nonsport) are used to test the influence of brand/event matchups and advertising placement on intermediate measures of advertising effectiveness. In addition to matchup and media vehicle effects, differential response by gender is also examined. Three hypotheses are tested based on research from the literature on sponsorship, matchup effects, and advertising schemas. MANOVA results provide partial support for all three hypotheses, as matchup and media vehicle manipulations were found to significantly impact Aad. Moreover, females are found to report significantly higher Aad and Pi than did males in this study. The advertising schema framework is used to discuss the research findings. This discussion deals with the work's applied and theoretical implications and its limitations, as well as directions for future studies on sponsorship. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Towards a theory of interpersonal accommodation through language: some Canadian data

ABSTRACT The study was designed to investigate the process of speech accommodation between bilinguals from two ethnolinguistic groups. It was hypothesized that the greater the amount of effort in accommodation that a bilingual speaker of one group was perceived to put into his message, the more favourably he would be perceived by listeners from another ethnic group, and also the more effort they in turn would put into accommodating back to him. Eighty bilingual English-Canadians were divided into four groups and individually tested. Ss heard on tape a French-Canadian describe a picture and they were required to sketch this while listening. Ss were made fully aware that their speaker had a choice of language for his description. The four groups heard the same male speaker describe the drawing but each in a different guise: (1) French, (2) Mix-mix, (3) Fluent English and (4) Nonfluent English. Ss were then requested to rate their speaker and his performance, and to record a description of another picture themselves for that same French-Canadian to draw later. From analyses of the ratings and the Ss' tapes, the hypotheses were confirmed and different types of accommodation noted. A theoretical framework for these results and other forms of interpersonal accommodation was suggested. (Bilingualism; social interaction; accommodation theory; Canadian French, Canadian English.)
Young Children's Thinking in Relation to Texts: A Comparison With Older Children

Abstract This study investigated the thinking in which young children engage in relation to authentic literature as expressed in their unassisted retellings. Young children (ages 5 and 6) were read a narrative text and then engaged in an oral, dictated retelling. For comparison, a group of older children (grade 6) were also read a narrative and then engaged in a written retelling. Retellings were examined for evidence of thinking processes, which were tallied for both groups. There were no significant differences in the lengths of the retellings by older and younger children, and few significant differences in the amount or types of thinking. Older children tended to provide summaries of paragraphs and single sentences, while younger children provided more summaries of paragraphs and multiple paragraphs. Some differences in the types of thinking also were observed, such as the use of text illustrations and drawing inferences of text events and actions; these were used to a greater extent by younger, not older students. For the most part, both groups of children engaged in the same types, and to the same extent, of thinking. This research suggests that young children are capable of engaging in many types of thinking in relation to texts, and that retellings may be used as one means of evaluating this thinking.
Involving users and carers in the assessment of preregistration nursing students' clinical nursing practice: a strategy for patient empowerment and quality improvement?

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine (1) nursing lecturers' and (2) preregistration nursing students' perspectives of user and carer involvement in the formal assessment of preregistration nursing students' clinical practice. BACKGROUND The involvement of service users and carers in the assessment of clinical practice in nursing education is a recent phenomenon. The Nursing and Midwifery Council Standards in the UK clearly reflect a shift in thinking from paternalistic approaches to person-centred approaches. This shift in thinking includes service user and carer involvement in student nursing assessment and there is evidence that this is being developed in several countries. DESIGN Located in the interpretive paradigm, data from a two-staged, multicentre qualitative study are presented. METHODS Interpretive analysis of semi-structured, one to one interviews with nursing lecturers (n = 15) and focus groups with nursing students (n = 51) across 11 Higher Educational Institutions. RESULTS There is a strong commitment for working alongside service users and carers in the education and training of nursing students; however, involving service users and carers in formal practice assessment is identified as more challenging compared with other areas of service user/carer involvement. Service user/carers should provide feedback/review or comment, but not necessarily formal, summative 'assessment'. CONCLUSIONS The evidence base for involving users and carers in assessment is limited. Involvement of users and carers in providing feedback to nursing students is welcomed. However, concerns exist about the preparedness of users and carers for formal clinical assessment. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Discussion and clarification with clinical mentors and user and carer groups is necessary to understand if they agree with the policy direction of user and carer involvement in the assessment of nursing students. Quality assurance concerns are raised by students and lecturers when involving user and carer in assessing nursing students' clinical skills. Mentors are seen as key to this process, but little is known about their perspectives.
Psychotherapy and neuroscience: towards closer integration.

The original aim of psychology was to study and understand the spirit-from the Latin spiritus, literally "breath. " The limitations of scientific methods in the past favoured psychology's aloofness in terms of studying the "intangible," while medicine developed methods of examining the body (Latin corpus: essential part). Until 20 years ago, knowledge of the localization of brain functions was limited to inferences from clinical observation of brain-lesioned patients or parallel studies of primate brains. Current neuroscience, with its integrative approach, is bringing together research from molecular through cognitive levels, and psychotherapy has benefited from these findings. Functional neuroimaging studies may make specific and more far-reaching contributions in this respect, since cerebral dynamics may be observed in vivo and in controlled situations. Methods such as single photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been able to evaluate the neural correlates involved in psychotherapy for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, social phobia, specific phobia, and post-traumatic disorder. Researchers have found that psychotherapy has the potential to modify dysfunctional neural circuits associated with these disorders. However, precautions are required in constructing feasible designs for neurofunctional investigations. This article reviews the 21 studies that have been published on the subject, and sets out the main advantages and limitations of the technologies used most frequently in protocols involving psychotherapies, and prerequisites for experimental designs. We also pose ways in which the findings from neuroimaging may produce knowledge to guide psychotherapeutic interventions by specifying what should be stimulated in these individuals in order to normalize deficient neural activities.
Using Time Efficiently: Genetic-Evolutionary Algorithms and the Continuation Problem

This paper develops a macro-level theory of efficient time utilization for genetic and evolutionary algorithms. Building on population sizing results that estimate the critical relationship between solution quality and time, the paper considers the tradeoff between large populations that converge in a single convergence epoch and smaller populations with multiple epochs. Two models suggest a link between the salience structure of a problem and the appropriate population-time configuration for best efficiency.
Rfc4 Interacts with Rpa1 and Is Required for Both DNA Replication and DNA Damage Checkpoints in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT The large subunit of replication protein A (Rpa1) consists of three single-stranded DNA binding domains and an N-terminal domain (Rpa1N) of unknown function. To determine the essential role of this domain we searched for mutations that require wild-type Rpa1N for viability in yeast. A mutation in RFC4, encoding a small subunit of replication factor C (RFC), was found to display allele-specific interactions with mutations in the gene encoding Rpa1 (RFA1). Mutations that map to Rpa1N and confer sensitivity to the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, such asrfa1-t11, are lethal in combination withrfc4-2. The rfc4-2 mutant itself is sensitive to hydroxyurea, and like rfc2 and rfc5 strains, it exhibits defects in the DNA replication block and intra-S checkpoints. RFC4 and the DNA damage checkpoint geneRAD24 were found to be epistatic with respect to DNA damage sensitivity. We show that the rfc4-2 mutant is defective in the G1/S DNA damage checkpoint response and that both therfc4-2 and rfa1-t11 strains are defective in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint. Thus, in addition to its essential role as part of the clamp loader in DNA replication, Rfc4 plays a role as a sensor in multiple DNA checkpoint pathways. Our results suggest that a physical interaction between Rfc4 and Rpa1N is required for both roles.
Removal of cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solution by using alternative adsorbent industrial red mud waste material

This study on the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions by red mud was conducted in batch condition. Its objective was to investigate the possibility of using red mud waste material as an alternative to high cost commercial adsorbent materials for the removal of cobalt from aqueous solution. In this study, batch experiments were carried out for the adsorption of cobalt onto red mud industry waste. The red mud waste material was successfully used for the removal of cobalt ion from aqueous solution and the technique appears industrially applicable and viable. The potential of economically cheap waste materials like red mud was assessed for cobalt adsorption from aqueous solutions. The operating variables studied were contact time, initial solution pH, initial metal concentration, temperature and adsorbent dosage. The experimental investigation results show that activated red mud has a high level of adsorption capacity for cobalt ion. The adsorption data was correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found out that the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fitted well to the data. Consequently, it was concluded that the red mud can be successfully used for the removal of the cobalt ions from the aqueous solutions with heavy metals.
IL-32 promotes breast cancer cell growth and invasiveness

Interleukin (IL)-32 is a newly identified cytokine in humans and primates. It has been established that IL-32 may antagonize cancer growth. However, to the best of our knowledge, the direct effect of IL-32 on breast cancer cell growth has not yet been investigated. In addition, rodents lack the expression of IL-32; hence, the effects of IL-32 on breast cancer xenografts in nude mice have not been studied. The present study aimed to examine the potential regulatory effects of IL-32 on breast cancer cells in nude mice. The effects of IL-32 on tumor cell growth in cell cuture and a tumor xenograft model were investigated, as well as the effects of IL-32 on apoptosis. The effects of IL-32 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. The results revealed that IL-32 increases the proliferation rate of cancer cells and decreases the rate of apoptosis, In addition, IL-32 was found to enhance the growth of tumor xenografts in vivo. In summary, IL-32 may represent a useful therapeutic target for human breast cancer.
A multicultural view of the good teacher in Israel

‘The good teacher’ is an archetypal concept; a topic of discussion in various philosophical and educational theories which expresses an ideal, while in reality is composed of many qualities and a variety of contents. This study is unique in its investigation of the similarities and differences in the perception of the good teacher among a wide population, focusing on two aspects – ethnicity and gender, as outlined by interviewees from four groups in Israeli society: Jewish men, Jewish women, Arab men, and Arab women. The research investigated whether the ethno‐cultural or the gender component better explains the differences in the perceptions of these qualities and whether interaction exists between the two components. Findings obtained from 377 adults born in Israel were analyzed after they had described the preferred characteristics of the good teacher in reply to open questions in a telephone survey which was conducted among a representative sample of the Israeli population. A content analysis of the replies revealed three super categories of qualities attributed to the good teacher: an individual with teaching knowledge, an educator and a person of values who maintains good teacher–pupil relations. The research indicated that perception of the qualities of a good teacher is culturally dependent. The ethno‐cultural origin of the group was dominant in explaining differences in attitudes towards the qualities of the good teacher and not the gender group. While Arab‐Israelis gave clear and quite uniform preference to the ethical character of the good teacher, the Israeli Jews preferred a more heterogeneous image of the qualities of a good teacher with the leading quality of positive interaction with the pupils. The research discusses the implications of the findings regarding the Israeli educational system and its ramifications for the process of teacher training in Israel, as in other multicultural societies in the world.