Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk of Diabetes Among 6-24-Year-Olds Using Second Generation Antipsychotics.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to estimate the association between use of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among commercially insured children and young adults 6-24 years compared to users of non-SGA psychotropic medications. METHODS Using the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, new users of SGA and non-SGA psychotropic medications (anxiolytics, antidepressants, hypnotics, and mood stabilizers) between July 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013 who were 6-24 years of age and had continuous coverage ≥180 days before their index date (i.e., date of first fill of SGA or non-SGA psychotic) were identified. SGA users were propensity score (PS) matched to non-SGA psychotropic users at a 1:1 ratio. Individuals were followed until diabetes diagnosis, discontinuation or switch from index medication, end of continuous coverage, or end of the study period. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident T2DM for SGA users compared to non-SGA users. RESULTS A total of 45,289 SGA users and 932,336 non-SGA psychotropic users met inclusion criteria. In the PS matched sample, there were 102,028 patient-years of follow-up and median time to event was 202 days for SGA users (n = 43,407) and 290 days for non-SGA psychotropic users (n = 43,407). A total of 141 SGA users (33 cases per 10,000 patient-years) and 110 of the non-SGA psychotropic users (18 cases per 10,000 patient-years) developed T2DM. The SGA users had a 1.7 times higher risk of T2DM (HR 1.71, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.33-2.20) compared to non-SGA psychotropic users. CONCLUSION Risk of T2DM should be considered when evaluating the risk/benefit of SGA use among children and young adults. Future studies aimed at evaluating risk factors, diabetes prevention strategies, and effective management of the long-term consequences of T2DM in this vulnerable population are needed.
Fuse or Fracture? Threat as a Moderator of the Effects of Diversity Faultlines in Teams

While faultlines theory has received quite a bit of attention in the literature, there has been some inconsistency in findings regarding identity and information faultlines. Namely, identity faultlines do not always result in harmful social categorizations and information faultlines do not always increase information-processing capabilities. However, according to the categorization-elaboration model (CEM; van Knippenberg, De Dreu, & Homan, 2004), any category of diversity can result in categorization processes and intergroup bias. One key to understanding faultlines, therefore, lies in context-specific predictions. Building on this idea, we apply the CEM as an explanatory framework and examine threat as a contextual moderator of identity and information faultlines. We propose that threat mitigates the negative effects of activated identity faultlines on team creativity: an effect mediated by team psychological safety. In contrast, we propose that threat aggravates the negative effects of information faultlines on team decision-making: an effect mediated by status conflict. We test our hypotheses with 2 experiments and 184 teams, finding support for our predictions regarding identity faultlines and partial support for our predictions regarding information faultlines. Taken together, this study demonstrates the utility of the CEM for faultlines research, identifies an important boundary condition of the effects of identity and information faultlines, and challenges the notion that threat is always “bad” for teams.
Numerical and experimental analysis of heat distribution in the laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V

ABSTRACT Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of metallic parts is a complex process involving simultaneous interplay between several physical mechanisms such as solidification, heat transfer (convection, conduction, radiation, etc.), and fluid flow. In the present work, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed for studying the thermal behavior during LPBF of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Two phase transitions are considered in the model: solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-gas. It is demonstrated that metal evaporation has a notable effect on the thermal history evolution during fabrication and should not be overlooked in contrast with the majority of previous research efforts on modeling and simulation of additive manufacturing processes. The model is validated through experimental measurements of different features including the size and morphology of the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), melt pool size, and thermal history. Reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of the HAZ width and depth are obtained with corresponding errors of 3.2% and 10.8%. Qualitative agreement with experimental measurements of the multi-track thermal history is also obtained, with some discrepancies whose sources are discussed in detail. The current work presents one of the first efforts to validate the multi-track thermal history using dual-wavelength pyrometry, as opposed to single-track experiments. The effects of selected model parameters and evaporation on the melt pool/HAZ size, geometry and peak predicted temperature during processing, and their sensitivities to these parameters are also discussed. Sensitivity analysis reveals that thermal conductivity of the liquid phase, porosity level of the powder bed, and absorptivity have direct influence on the model predictions, with the influence of the thermal conductivity of the liquid phase being most significant.
Doubly labeled water analysis using cavity ring-down spectroscopy.

The doubly labeled water method provides an objective and accurate measure of total energy expenditure in free-living subjects and is considered the gold-standard method for this measurement. Its use, however, is limited by the need to employ isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to obtain the high-precision isotopic abundance analyses needed to optimize the dose of expensive (18) O-labeled water. Recently, cavity-ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) instruments have become commercially available and may serve as a less expensive alternative to IRMS. We compared the precision and accuracy of CRDS with those of IRMS for the measurement of total energy expenditure from urine specimens in 14 human subjects. The relative accuracy and precision (SD) for total body water was 0.5 ± 1% and for total energy expenditure was 0.5 ± 6%. The CRDS instrument displayed a memory between successive specimens of 5% for (18) O and 9% for (2) H. The memory necessitated carefully ordering of specimens to reduce isotopic disparity, performance of several injections of each specimen to condition the analyzer, and use of a mathematical memory correction on subsequent injections. These limited the specimen throughput to about one urine specimen per hour. CRDS provided accuracy and precision for isotope abundance measurements of urine that were comparable with those of IRMS. The memory problems were easily recognized by our experienced laboratory staff, but future efforts should be aimed at reducing the memory of the CRDS so that it would be less likely to result in poor reproducibility in laboratories using doubly labeled water for the first time.
Network biology: a direct approach to study biological function

In this paper we discuss the dualism of gene networks and their role in systems biology. We argue that gene networks (1) can serve as a conceptual framework, forming a fundamental level of a phenomenological description, and (2) are a means to represent and analyze data. The latter point does not only allow a systems analysis but is even amenable for a direct approach to study biological function. Here we focus on the clarity of our main arguments and conceptual meaning of gene networks, rather than the causal inference of gene networks from data. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 379–391 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.134
Intrinsic correlation of galaxy shapes: implications for weak lensing measurements

Weak gravitational lensing is now established as a powerful method to measure mass fluctuations in the universe. It relies on the measurement of small coherent distortions of the images of background galaxies. Even low-level correlations in the intrinsic shapes of galaxies could however produce a significant spurious lensing signal. These correlations are also interesting in their own right, since their detection would constrain models of galaxy formation. Using 3 × 10 4 10 5 halos found in N-body simulations, we compute the correlation functions of the intrinsic ellipticity of spiral galaxies assuming that the disk is perpendicular to the angular momentum of the dark matter halo. We also consider a simple model for elliptical galaxies, in which the shape of the dark matter halo is assumed to be the same as that of the light. For deep lensing surveys with median redshifts � 1, we find that intrinsic correlations of � 10 −4 on angular scales � � 0.1 10 ′ are generally below the expected lensing signal, and contribute only a small fraction of the excess signals reported on these scales. On larger scales we find limits to the intrinsic correlation function at a level � 10 −5 , which gives a (model-dependent) range of separations for which the intrinsic signal is about an order of magnitude below the ellipticity correlation function expected from weak lensing. Intrinsic correlations are thus negligible on these scales for dedicated weak lensing surveys. For wider but shallower surveys such as SuperCOSMOS, APM and SDSS, we cannot exclude the possibility that intrinsic correlations could dominate the lensing signal. We discuss how such surveys could be used to calibrate the importance of this effect, as well as study spin-spin correlations of spiral galaxies.
Tensile strength of graphene versus temperature and crack size: Analytical expressions from molecular dynamics simulation data

Graphene, the strongest known material, is significantly influenced by the loading conditions, the environmental temperature and the existence of internal imperfections and discontinuities such as cracks. Higher temperatures lead to higher atomic kinetic energies and easier failure of graphene while even a one atom vacancy may cause a dramatic reduction in its strength. The aim of the present study is to describe analytical expressions which associate the tensile strength of the monolayer graphene with the temperature and the length of a possible centrally positioned, straight crack. For this reason, molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to compute all the necessary numerical data. Then special equations are developed by fitting the computed data into appropriate non-linear regression surfaces. The proposed non-linear analytical equations are capable of straightforwardly predicting the strength of graphene given the chirality, the temperature and the size of the center crack under investigation.
Osimertinib in Indian patients with T790M-positive advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer

South Asian Journal of Cancer ♦ Volume 6 ♦ Issue 4 ♦ October-December 2017 143 Conclusion Carcinoma breast in male management principles are translated from our understanding of breast cancer in women. The prognosis is dependent on stage of the disease and HR status. Most of the analysis in our study was in concordance with the available data except the stage at presentation. In our study, the predominant stage at presentation was Stage II. This may be due to raising awareness among the population in the metro cities, which is a welcome trend.
Consequences of Job Insecurity on the Psychological and Physical Health of Greek Civil Servants

The aim of this study was to estimate the short term consequences of job insecurity associated with a newly introduced mobility framework in Greece. In specific, the study examined the impact of job insecurity on anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic and musculoskeletal symptoms, two months after the announcement of the mobility framework. In addition the study also examined the “spill over” effects of job insecurity on employees not directly affected by the mobility framework. Personal interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted for 36 university administrative employees awaiting repositioning, 36 coworkers not at risk, and 28 administrative employees of a local hospital not at risk. Compared to both control groups the employees in the anticipation phase of labor mobility had significantly worse scores for perceived stress, anxiety, depression, positive affect, negative affect, social support, marital discord, common somatic symptoms, and frequency of musculoskeletal pain. This study highlights the immediate detrimental effects of job insecurity on the physical, psychological, and social functioning of employees. There is a need for the development of front line interventions to prevent these effects from developing into chronic conditions with considerable cost for the individual and society in general.
Tree Species Detection Accuracies Using Discrete Point Lidar and Airborne Waveform Lidar

Species information is a key component of any forest inventory. However, when performing forest inventory from aerial scanning Lidar data, species classification can be very difficult. We investigated changes in classification accuracy while identifying five individual tree species (Douglas-fir, western redcedar, bigleaf maple, red alder, and black cottonwood) in the Pacific Northwest United States using two data sets: discrete point Lidar data alone and discrete point data in combination with waveform Lidar data. Waveform information included variables which summarize the frequency domain representation of all waveforms crossing individual trees. Discrete point data alone provided 79.2 percent overall accuracy (kappa = 0.74) for all 5 species and up to 97.8 percent (kappa = 0.96) when comparing individual pairs of these 5 species. Incorporating waveform information improved the overall accuracy to 85.4 percent (kappa = 0.817) for five species, and in several two-species comparisons. Improvements were most notable in comparing the two conifer species and in comparing two of the three hardwood species.
Transparency in time-delayed systems and the effect of local force feedback for transparent teleoperation

This paper first investigates the issue of transparency in time-delayed teleoperation. It then studies the advantages of employing local force feedback for enhanced stability and performance. In addition, two classes of three-channel control architectures, that are perfectly transparent under ideal conditions are introduced. The stability robustness of the proposed architectures to delays is rigorously analyzed, leading to certain bounds on force feedforward control parameters. Experimental results are included in support of the theoretical work.
Retroactive interference of object‐in‐context long‐term memory: Role of dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex

Retroactive interference (RI) is a type of amnesia in which a new learning experience can impair the expression of a previous one. It has been studied in several types of memories for over a century. Here, we aimed to study in the long‐term memory (LTM) formation of an object‐in‐context task, defined as the recognition of a familiar object in a context different to that in which it was previously encountered. We trained rats with two sample trials, each taking place in a different context in association with different objects. Test sessions were performed 24 h later, to evaluate LTM for both object‐context pairs using separate groups of trained rats. Furthermore, given the involvement of hippocampus (Hp) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in several recognition memories, we also analyzed the participation of these structures in the LTM formation of this task by the local infusion of muscimol. Our results show that object‐in‐context LTM formation is sensitive to RI by a different either familiar or novel object‐context pair trial, experienced 1 h later. This interference occurs in a restricted temporal window and works on the LTM consolidation phase, leaving intact short‐term memory expression. The second sample trial did not affect the object recognition part of the memory. Besides, muscimol treatment before the second sample trial blocks its object‐in‐context LTM and restores the first sample trial memory. We hypothesized that LTM‐RI amnesia is probably caused by resources or cellular machinery competition in these brain regions when they are engaged in memory formation of the traces. In sum, when two different object‐in‐context memory traces are being processed, the second trace interferes with the consolidation of the first one requiring mPFC and CA1 dorsal Hp activation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and major depressive disorder

There is controversy about depression being a physical illness, in part because a reproducible, sensitive, and specific biologic marker is not available. However, there is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may be associated with abnormal brain function and mood disorders, such as depression. This paper reviews selected human and animal studies providing evidence that intracellular mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction in specific brain regions is associated with major depressive disorder. This supports the hypothesis that chronic mitochondrial dysfunction in specific tissues may be associated with depression. Evaluation of mitochondrial dysfunction in specific tissues may broaden the perspective of depression beyond theories about neurotransmitters or receptor sites, and may explain the persistent signs and symptoms of depression.
High Percentage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Glycopeptides in The Netherlands

ABSTRACT While testing the in vitro activities of 14 antimicrobial agents against 107 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 250 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates collected in The Netherlands, we found to our surprise that 19 (7.6%) MRSA isolates were suspected of having reduced susceptibilities to the glycopeptides when the Etest system (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) was used with a large inoculum (no. 2 McFarland standard) and an extended incubation time (48 h) on brain heart infusion agar for MIC testing. Eventually, 15 of these isolates were classified as heterogeneously resistant to glycopeptides (heterogeneously glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus [hGISA] isolates) according to the population analysis profile-area under the curve analysis. The MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates are inhibited obtained with the Etest system with the large inoculum were as follows: for MSSA isolates, 3.0 and 4.0 μg/ml, respectively, for both teicoplanin and vancomycin; for MRSA isolates, 3.0 and 8.0 μg/ml, respectively, for teicoplanin, and 3.0 and 4.0 μg/ml, respectively, for vancomycin. This is the first report of hGISA isolates in The Netherlands.
Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplantation

Pneumocystis jiroveci, previously P. carinii, is the quintessential opportunistic infection among immunocompromised patients (1). Despite the availability of effective prophylaxis, P. jiroveci remains an important pathogen among solid organ transplant recipients. Pneumocystis spp. are thought to be ubiquitous in nature with serologic studies suggesting exposure occurs commonly in childhood (2). The existence and degree of respiratory tract colonization by Pneumocystis is a topic of great interest (3,4). Symptomatic Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is generally limited, however, to individuals with immune deficits. Animal models suggest that de novo infection via airborne transmission and reactivation of previously established infection can occur (5). Clusters of infection have been described in medical facilities among solid organ transplant recipients as well, suggesting the possibility of direct or indirect person-to-person transmission (6–11).
Multibraces on the Hochschild complex

We generalize the coupled braces {x}{y} of Gerstenhaber and {x}{y,. ,z} of Getzler depicting compositions of multilinear maps in the Hochschild complex C(A)=Hom(TA;A) of a graded vector space A to expressions of the form {x,. ,y}. {z,. ,w} on the extended space Hom(TA;TA), and clarify many of the existing sign conventions that show up in the algebra of mathematical physics (namely in associative and Lie algebras, Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras, homotopy associative and homotopy Lie algebras). As a result, we introduce a new variant of the master identity for homotopy Lie algebras. We also comment on the bialgebra cohomology differential of Gerstenhaber and Schack, and define multilinear higher order differential operators with respect to multilinear maps using the new language. The continuation of this work will be on the various homotopy structures on a topological vertex operator algebra, as introduced by Kimura, Voronov, and Zuckerman.
CCL3L1 gene-containing segmental duplications and polymorphisms in CCR5 affect risk of systemic lupus erythaematosus

Objectives: There is an enrichment of immune response genes that are subject to copy number variations (CNVs). However, there is limited understanding of their impact on susceptibility to human diseases. CC chemokine ligand 3 like-1 (CCL3L1) is a potent ligand for the HIV coreceptor, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and we have demonstrated previously an association between CCL3L1-gene containing segmental duplications and polymorphisms in CCR5 and HIV/AIDS susceptibility. Here, we determined the association between these genetic variations and risk of developing systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE), differential recruitment of CD3+ and CD68+ leukocytes to the kidney, clinical severity of SLE reflected by autoantibody titres and the risk of renal complications in SLE. Methods: We genotyped 1084 subjects (469 cases of SLE and 615 matched controls with no autoimmune disease) from three geographically distinct cohorts for variations in CCL3L1 and CCR5. Results: Deviation from the average copy number of CCL3L1 found in European populations increased the risk of SLE and modified the SLE-influencing effects of CCR5 haplotypes. The CCR5 human haplogroup (HH)E and CCR5-Δ32-bearing HHG*2 haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of developing SLE. An individual’s CCL3L1–CCR5 genotype strongly predicted the overall risk of SLE, high autoantibody titres, and lupus nephritis as well as the differential recruitment of leukocytes in subjects with lupus nephritis. The CCR5 HHE/HHG*2 genotype was associated with the maximal risk of developing SLE. Conclusion: CCR5 haplotypes HHE and HHG*2 strongly influence the risk of SLE. The copy number of CCL3L1 influences risk of SLE and modifies the SLE-influencing effects associated with CCR5 genotypes. These findings implicate a key role of the CCL3L1–CCR5 axis in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Enhancement of the Accelerating Gradient in Superconducting Microwave Resonators

The accelerating gradient of superconducting resonators can be enhanced by engineering the thickness of a dirty layer grown at the cavity’s rf surface. In this paper the description of the physics behind the accelerating gradient enhancement by meaning of the dirty layer is carried out by solving numerically the the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equations for the layered system. The calculation shows that the presence of the dirty layer stabilizes the Meissner state up to the lower critical field of the bulk, increasing the maximum accelerating gradient.