Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce effects of physiological integration in Trifolium repens.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS One of the special properties of clonal plants is the capacity for physiological integration, which can increase plant performance through mechanisms such as resource sharing and co-ordinated phenotypic plasticity when plants grow in microsites with contrasting resource availabilities. However, many clonal plants are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Since AMF are likely to reduce contrasts in effective resource levels, they could also reduce these effects of clonal integration on plasticity and performance in heterogeneous environments. METHODS To test this hypothesis, pairs of connected and disconnected ramets of the stoloniferous herb Trifolium repens were grown. One ramet in a pair was given high light and low nutrients while the other ramet was given high nutrients and low light. The pairs were inoculated with zero, one or five species of AMF. KEY RESULTS Pairs of ramets grown without AMF developed division of labour and benefited from resource sharing, as indicated by effects of connection on allocation to roots, accumulation of mass, and ramet production. Inoculation with five species of AMF significantly reduced these effects of connection, both by inhibiting them in ramets given high nutrients and inducing them in ramets given high light. Inoculation with one species of AMF also reduced some effects of connection, but generally to a lesser degree. CONCLUSIONS The results show that AMF can significantly modify the effects of clonal integration on the plasticity and performance of clonal plants in heterogeneous environments. In particular, AMF may partly replace the effects and benefits of clonal integration in low-nutrient habitats, possibly more so where species richness of AMF is high. This provides the first test of interaction between colonization by AMF and physiological integration in a clonal plant, and a new example of how biotic and abiotic factors could interact to determine the ecological importance of clonal growth.
Effects of littlest Higgs model in rare D meson decays

A tree-level flavor changing neutral current in the uplike quark sector appears in one of the variations of the littlest Higgs model. We investigate the effects of this coupling in the ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{l}^{+}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{l}^{+}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays, which are the most appropriate candidates for the experimental studies. However, the effects are found to be too small to be observed in the current and the foreseen experimental facilities. These decays are still dominated by the standard model long-distance contributions, which are reevaluated based on the new experimental input.
The psychological functions of music listening

Why do people listen to music? Over the past several decades, scholars have proposed numerous functions that listening to music might fulfill. However, different theoretical approaches, different methods, and different samples have left a heterogeneous picture regarding the number and nature of musical functions. Moreover, there remains no agreement about the underlying dimensions of these functions. Part one of the paper reviews the research contributions that have explicitly referred to musical functions. It is concluded that a comprehensive investigation addressing the basic dimensions underlying the plethora of functions of music listening is warranted. Part two of the paper presents an empirical investigation of hundreds of functions that could be extracted from the reviewed contributions. These functions were distilled to 129 non-redundant functions that were then rated by 834 respondents. Principal component analysis suggested three distinct underlying dimensions: People listen to music to regulate arousal and mood, to achieve self-awareness, and as an expression of social relatedness. The first and second dimensions were judged to be much more important than the third—a result that contrasts with the idea that music has evolved primarily as a means for social cohesion and communication. The implications of these results are discussed in light of theories on the origin and the functionality of music listening and also for the application of musical stimuli in all areas of psychology and for research in music cognition.
An Examination of Developmental Cascades of Risk from Childhood to Adulthood

A robust body of research connects both antisocial behaviour and low self-control in childhood to a number of diverse problems in adulthood including antisocial and criminal behaviour, poor employment, mental health problems, and poor health (Caspi, Wright, Moffitt, & Silva, 1998; Champion, Goodall, & Rutter, 1995; Masten et al., 2010; Kosterman et al., 2010; Moffitt, Caspi, Harrington, & Milne, 2002; Moffitt et al., 2011; Wiesner et al., 2003). Although a significant body of research has identified a large number of risk and protective factors related to antisocial and criminal behaviour, we still lack an understanding of the developmental chain and causal mechanisms that lead to antisocial behaviour and related problems (Day, Wanklyn, & Yessine, 2014; Frick, 2012). The current study applied developmental cascade analysis to examine competing theoretical models regarding the mechanisms that connect parenting, self-control, antisocial behaviour, academic success and internalizing problems from ages 8 to 32. Data included 411 boys from the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development study (CSDD). Results indicated the relationships between parenting, self-control, antisocial behaviour, and academic success are multidirectional. Parenting impacted antisocial behaviour and antisocial behaviour also impacted parenting from childhood into adolescence. Additionally, the study also found antisocial behaviour impacted self-control whereas there was only limited evidence for self-control impacting antisocial behaviour. While prior research has reported robust associations between self-control and antisocial behaviour (e.g., Pratt & Cullen, 2000), little research has tested potential bidirectional relationships. These results have important implications for theories such as the general theory of crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Results examining life success at age 32 reported that the relationship between antisocial behaviour at age 14 and antisocial lifestyle at age 32 varied across two measures of self-control: impulsivity and daring. These results suggest that considering different aspects or dimensions of self-control on antisocial behaviour are important.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN ENERGY EFFICIENT VIRTUAL MACHINE CONSOLIDATION ALGORITHM IN CLOUD COMPUTING

VM consolidation has been shown as a one of the promising technique for saving energy costs of a data center, it is an effective way to improve the utilization of resources and energy efficiency in cloud data centers. In this paper, for cloud environments, a VMs consolidation approach is proposed as e nergy efficiency is becoming a very important issue in Cloud Computing environments and can be achieved using virtual machine consolidation. Proposed algorithms have been implemented and evaluated using CloudSim simulator. Simulation results show improvement in energy consumption which leads to energy efficiency .
Adaptation and Preliminary Validation for the Turkish Context of the School Climate and School Identification Measure-Student (TSCASIM-St)

The importance of the climate of a school has been shown to be correlated to several key factors in education including youth development, academic achievement, and teacher retention. Lee et al. (2017) developed a dual scale which measures both school climate and school identity simultaneously (SCASIM-St). The purpose of this study is to both adapt for and provide preliminary results on its application in the Turkish context. Data was obtained from 351 high school students. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit (X2 (460, N = 351) = 1306.15, p<. 001, RMSEA=. 07, CFI= . 89, TLI= . 88). Also, the criterion validity studies of TSCASIM-St showed that school climate and identification were positively correlated with grade point average.
Charge loss measurement under illumination in single-poly one-time-programming floating gate non-volatile-memories

Charge loss in single poly OTP FG-NVM embedded in a smart power circuit is studied under illumination. It is found that the leakage current is due to photo-field emission for both intrinsic and extrinsic cells. The two types of cells can be discriminated from aging experiment at near room temperature. The acceleration factor is much higher than during bake at high temperature.
Acculturation Experiences Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Immigrants in Canada ψ

In the current study, we used a grounded theory methodology to understand the acculturation process of LGBT immigrants in Canada. Results revealed two parallel themes: Cultural Identity Development and Sexual and Gender Identity Development. Heterosexism and cissexism in the culture of origin was a central phenomenon in the development of the cultural, sexual, and gender aspects of LGBT immigrant identity. Moreover, LGBT immigrants’ culture of origin and Canadian culture influenced their sexual and gender identity development before and after immigration. Results suggest that many LGBT immigrants assume a Western orientation as a coping response to heterosexism and cissexism in their culture of origin, even before immigration occurs. The current study identified the perceived challenges and advantages that LGBT immigrants experience during the acculturation process as well as various acculturation outcomes. We discuss clinical implications and future research directions in light of the results.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Liraglutide Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by the Inhibition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

Aim. This study aimed to investigate whether the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide (LIRA) can protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the related mechanism. Methods. Rats were divided into 6 groups: a nondiabetic group, diabetic cardiomyopathy rats without LIRA treatment, diabetic cardiomyopathy rats with LIRA treatment (with high-, medium-, and low-dose, resp.), and diabetic cardiomyopathy rats treated with insulin. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography before and after treatment. The histopathology of the heart was examined with H&E staining. The mRNA levels of XBP1, ATF4, and TRAF2 were analyzed by RT-PCR, and the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-3, and caspase-12 was detected by western blot. Results. LIRA strongly improved cardiac function from both echocardiographic and histopathologic analyses, but insulin only partly increased cardiac function by improving FS and LVPW values. LIRA treatment can significantly decrease the expression of XBP1, ATF4, and TRAF2 (P < 0.01). LIRA also significantly downregulates the expression of Grp78, caspase-3 (P < 0.01), CHOP, and caspase-12 (P < 0.05). Conclusions. LIRA can protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inactivating the ER stress pathway. The improvement in cardiac function by LIRA is independent of glucose control.
Postembryonic growth of the optic tectum in goldfish. I. Location of germinal cells and numbers of neurons produced

The growth and morphology of the optic tectum of adult goldfish were studied with light and electron microscopy and with thymidine radioautography. The tectum is roughly hemispheric in shape, with a smaller radius of curvature rostrally than caudally. A narrow region containing proliferating cells (the germinal zone) is found along two- thirds of the rim of the tectal hemisphere but is absent rostrally, adjacent to the tectal region which receives input from the rostral visual field. New cells generated in the germinal zone are added to the tectum appositionally in crescent-shaped increments; these was no evidence of migration of new cells into the rostral region which lacks a germinal zone. Some of the new cells added to the adult tectum were shown to be neurons on the basis of cytological and ultrastructural features. Counts of tectal neurons likewise demonstrated that new cells were added with growth of the tectum; large goldfish (25 cm long) had 27% more tectal neurons than did small fish (4 cm long). Spreading apart of existing cells also contributed to overall growth of the tectum. These results confirm and extend those of R. L. Meyer ((1978) Exp. Neurol. 59: 99–111). The topological dissimilarity of the patterns of growth of retina (which adds cells appositionally around its entire perimeter) and tectum supports the suggestion that retinotectal terminals must continually move (Gaze R. M., M. J. Keating, A. Ostberg, and S. H. Chung (1979) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 53: 103–143). Our estimates of cell numbers and tectal areas lead to predictions about the directions and magnitudes of these displacements.
Fanconi anemia and the cell cycle: new perspectives on aneuploidy

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex heterogenic disorder of genomic instability, bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition, and congenital malformations. The FA signaling network orchestrates the DNA damage recognition and repair in interphase as well as proper execution of mitosis. Loss of FA signaling causes chromosome instability by weakening the spindle assembly checkpoint, disrupting centrosome maintenance, disturbing resolution of ultrafine anaphase bridges, and dysregulating cytokinesis. Thus, the FA genes function as guardians of genome stability throughout the cell cycle. This review discusses recent advances in diagnosis and clinical management of Fanconi anemia and presents the new insights into the origins of genomic instability in FA. These new discoveries may facilitate the development of rational therapeutic strategies for FA and for FA-deficient malignancies in the general population.
The Effect of Bovine Parathyroid Hormone Withdrawal on MC3T3-E1 Cell Proliferation and Phosphorus Metabolism

Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are common complications after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Sudden removal of high circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes decreased osteoclastic resorption resulting in a decreased bone remodeling space. These phenomena are likely due to an increased influx of calcium and phosphorus into bone. However, there are currently no data to support this hypothesis. In this study, we found that PTX significantly reduced levels of PTH, calcium and phosphate. Compared with preoperative levels, after 1 year, postoperative PTH, calcium and phosphate levels were 295.6 ± 173.7 pg/mL (P < 0.05), 86.62 ± 15.98 mg/dL (P < 0.05) and 5.56 ± 2.03 mg/dL (P < 0.05), respectively. We investigated continuous bovine PTH administration as well as withdrawal of bovine PTH stimulation in the mouse osteoblast precursor cell line MC3T3-E1. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with continuous bovine PTH treatment for 20 days or with transient bovine PTH treatment for 10 days. High doses of continuous bovine PTH exposure strongly reduced cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of mineralized calcium nodules. However, withdrawal of bovine PTH (100 ng/mL) significantly increased the number of mineralized calcium nodules and caused a rapid decline in calcium and phosphorus content of culture medium. In conclusion, continuous exposure to bovine PTH inhibited osteoblast differentiation and reduced the formation of mineralized nodules. However, this inhibition was removed and mineralized nodule formation resumed with withdrawal of bovine PTH. According to the results of our clinical examinations and in vitro experiments, we hypothesize that the sudden removal of high levels of PTH may cause an increased influx of calcium and phosphorus into bone after PTX.
Construction of the Language and the Structure of News Text in Blog

Information dominates people's lives and becomes the main every day consumption in the digital age.This is supported by the easy and the speedyaccess of information that can be obtained from various sources, especially through online media. Production and dissemination of information belong to anyone.The emergence of the internet, more specifically the presence of various social media, such as blogs allows anyone to do this activity.Blogs become one form of effective media to spread news.The abundance of information also raises varieties of issues, such as the information accuracy, the objectivity, and the hoax news. Therefore, it requires bloggers abilities to write good news. This article aims to describe the abilities of bloggers in writing news text that is studied based on the characteristics of the constructionofthe language structure.Language structure construction is a good journalistic writing standard. The research method used is ananalyticaldescriptive approach. The source of research data is a trending topic news text written on the blog sitesof the Cirebon’s blogger community.The results of the analysis show the overall ability of bloggersin news writing observed from the structure and the language aspect that the structure is identified to be good enough, yet the language use has not been entirely met the requirements of good language of news.
Lacunarity Analysis on Image Patterns for Texture Classification

Based on the concept of lacunarity in fractal geometry, we developed a statistical approach to texture description, which yields highly discriminative feature with strong robustness to a wide range of transformations, including photometric changes and geometric changes. The texture feature is constructed by concatenating the lacunarity-related parameters estimated from the multi-scale local binary patterns of image. Benefiting from the ability of lacunarity analysis to distinguish spatial patterns, our method is able to characterize the spatial distribution of local image structures from multiple scales. The proposed feature was applied to texture classification and has demonstrated excellent performance in comparison with several state-of-the- art approaches on four benchmark datasets.
Output of Neurogliaform Cells to Various Neuron Types in the Human and Rat Cerebral Cortex

Neurogliaform cells in the rat elicit combined GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated postsynaptic responses on cortical pyramidal cells and establish electrical synapses with various interneuron types. However, the involvement of GABAB receptors in postsynaptic effects of neurogliaform cells on other GABAergic interneurons is not clear. We measured the postsynaptic effects of neurogliaform cells in vitro applying simultaneous whole-cell recordings in human and rat cortex. Single action potentials of human neurogliaform cells evoked unitary IPSPs composed of GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated components in various types of inteneuron and in pyramidal cells. Slow IPSPs were combined with homologous and heterologous electrical coupling between neurogliaform cells and several human interneuron types. In the rat, single action potentials in neurogliaform cells elicited GABAB receptor-mediated component in responses of neurogliaform, regular spiking, and fast spiking interneurons following the GABAA receptor-mediated component in postsynaptic responses. In conclusion, human and rat neurogliaform cells elicit slow IPSPs and reach GABAA and GABAB receptors on several interneuron types with a connection-specific involvement of GABAB receptors. The electrical synapses recorded between human neurogliaform cells and various interneuron types represent the first electrical synapses recorded in the human cortex.
Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space

The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study.
The secondary structure of apolipoprotein A-I on 9.6-nm reconstituted high-density lipoprotein determined by EPR spectroscopy

Apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I) is the major protein component of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and is critical for maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. During reverse cholesterol transport, HDL transitions between an array of subclasses, differing in size and composition. This process requires ApoA‐I to adapt to changes in the shape of the HDL particle, transiting from an apolipoprotein to a myriad of HDL subclass‐specific conformations. Changes in ApoA‐I structure cause alterations in HDL‐specific enzyme and receptor‐binding properties, and thereby direct the HDL particle through the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. In this study, we used site‐directed spin label spectroscopy to examine the conformational details of the ApoA‐I central domain on HDL. The motional dynamics and accessibility to hydrophobic/hydrophilic relaxation agents of ApoA‐I residues 99–163 on 9.6‐nm reconstituted HDL was analyzed by EPR. In previous analyses, we examined residues 6–98 and 164–238 (of ApoA‐I's 243 residues), and combining these findings with the current results, we have generated a full‐length map of the backbone structure of reconstituted HDL‐associated ApoA‐I. Remarkably, given that the majority of ApoA‐I's length is composed of amphipathic helices, we have identified nonhelical residues, specifically the presence of a β‐strand (residues 149–157). The significance of these nonhelical residues is discussed, along with the other features, in the context of ApoA‐I function in contrast to recent models derived by other methods.