Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. METHODS Participants were 1090 consecutive women and men, 545 couples, attending a fertility clinic in Sweden during a two-year period. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV), was used as the diagnostic tool for evaluating mood and anxiety disorders. RESULTS Overall, 862 (79.1%) subjects filled in the PRIME-MD patient questionnaire. Any psychiatric diagnosis was present in 30.8% of females and in 10.2% of males in the study sample. Any mood disorder was present in 26.2% of females and 9.2% of males. Major depression was the most common mood disorder, prevalent in 10.9% of females and 5.1% of males. Any anxiety disorder was encountered in 14.8% of females and 4.9% males. Only 21% of the subjects with a psychiatric disorder according to DSM-IV received some form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Mood disorders are common in both women and men undergoing IVF treatment. The majority of subjects with a psychiatric disorder were undiagnosed and untreated.
Adult versus Pediatric Neuroblastoma: The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience

Background. Staging and treatment of adult neuroblastoma has yet to be formalized. We sought to determine the utility of the pediatric classification system in adults and determine the efficacy of different treatment modalities. Methods. Medical records of 118 adults (patients >17 years old) and 112 pediatric patients (ages 2–17), who were treated for neuroblastoma at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from January 1994 to September 2012, were reviewed. International neuroblastoma risk group (INRG) variables were abstracted. The primary outcome of interest was actuarial progression-free survival. Results. Median age of pediatric patients was 5 years (range 3–16) and 47 years (range 18–82) for adult patients. There were no differences in PFS or OS between stage-matched risk categories between pediatric and adult patients (L1-P = 0.40, L2-P = 0.54, and M-P = 0.73). In the treatment of L1 disease, median PFS for adults treated with surgery and radiation was 11.1 months compared with single modality local treatment ± chemotherapy (6.4 and 5.1 months, resp.; P = 0.07). Median PFS in L2 adult patients was 5.2 months with local therapy and 4 months with the addition of chemotherapy (P = 0.23). Conclusions. Adult and pediatric patients with neuroblastoma achieve similar survival outcomes. INRG classification should be employed to stratify adult neuroblastoma patients and help select treatment.
UNDERSTANDING EL NINO IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS : Progress and Challenges

Determining how El Nino and its impacts may change over the next 10 to 100 years remains a difficult scientific challenge. Ocean-atmosphere coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) are routinely used both to analyze El Nino mechanisms and teleconnections and to predict its evolution on a broad range of time scales, from seasonal to centennial. The ability to simulate El Nino as an emergent property of these models has largely improved over the last few years. Nevertheless, the diversity of model simulations of present-day El Nino indicates current limitations in our ability to model this climate phenomenon and to anticipate changes in its characteristics. A review of the several factors that contribute to this diversity, as well as potential means to improve the simulation of El Nino, is presented.
Morphologic expression of the left coronary artery in pigs. An approach in relation to human heart.

INTRODUCTION In spite of its importance as an experimental model, the information on the left coronary artery in pigs is sparse. OBJECTIVE To determine the morphologic features of the left coronary artery in pigs. METHODS We evaluated 158 pig hearts. The left coronary artery was perfused with synthetic resin after their ostia had been catheterized. Diameters and courses of the vascular beds were measured with an electronic caliper (Mitutoyo(r)). RESULTS The diameter of left coronary artery was 6.98 ± 1.56 mm and its length was 3.51 ± 0.99 mm. It was found to end up by bifurcating itself into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery in 79% of the cases, and by trifurcating in 21% of the cases, with the presence of the diagonal artery. The anterior interventricular artery ended up at the apex in 79.7% of the cases, and the circumflex artery at the posterior aspect of the left ventricle in 64% of the case, this artery never reached the posterior interventricular sulcus. An anastomosis between the terminal branches of the anterior interventricular artery and the posterior interventricular artery was found in 7.6% of the specimens. The antero-superior branch of the anterior interventricular artery occurred in 89.9% of the hearts. A left marginal branch was observed in 87.9% of the cases with a diameter of 2.25 ± 0.55 mm. CONCLUSION Compared with humans, pigs have shorter left coronary artery trunks and branches; even the circumflex artery never reaches the posterior interventricular sulcus. Our findings are useful for the design of experimental hemodynamic and procedural models.
Generating Current Budgets to Guarantee Power Grid Safety

Efficient and early verification of the chip power distribution network is a critical step in modern chip design. Vectorless verification, developed over the last decade as an alternative to simulation-based methods, requires user-specified current constraints (budgets) and checks if the corresponding worst-case voltage drops at all grid nodes are below user-specified thresholds. However, obtaining/specifying the current constraints remains a burdensome task for users. In this paper, we define and address the inverse problem: for a given grid, we would like to generate circuit current constraints which, if adhered to by the underlying logic, would guarantee grid safety. There are many potential applications for this approach, including various grid quality metrics, as well as voltage drop aware placement and floorplanning. We give a rigorous problem definition and develop some key theoretical results related to maximality of the current space defined by the constraints. Based on this, we then develop two algorithms for constraints generation that target the peak total chip power that is allowed by the grid and the uniformity of the temperature distribution. Finally, we develop a superior algorithm which targets a combination of both quality metrics.
A single pair of neurons links sleep to memory consolidation in Drosophila melanogaster

Sleep promotes memory consolidation in humans and many other species, but the physiological and anatomical relationships between sleep and memory remain unclear. Here, we show the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons, which are required for memory consolidation in Drosophila, are sleep-promoting inhibitory neurons. DPMs increase sleep via release of GABA onto wake-promoting mushroom body (MB) α'/β' neurons. Functional imaging demonstrates that DPM activation evokes robust increases in chloride in MB neurons, but is unable to cause detectable increases in calcium or cAMP. Downregulation of α'/β' GABAA and GABABR3 receptors results in sleep loss, suggesting these receptors are the sleep-relevant targets of DPM-mediated inhibition. Regulation of sleep by neurons necessary for consolidation suggests that these brain processes may be functionally interrelated via their shared anatomy. These findings have important implications for the mechanistic relationship between sleep and memory consolidation, arguing for a significant role of inhibitory neurotransmission in regulating these processes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03868. 001
Nostalgia for host culture facilitates repatriation success: The role of self-continuity

Abstract Repatriation (returning home after having lived abroad) can be psychologically distressing. We theorized and found evidence that feeling nostalgic about a host culture contributes to repatriation success. We tested a sample of over 700 international teachers who worked in the United States (host culture) and then returned to their home countries. As hypothesized, nostalgia for the host culture was positively associated with repatriates’ self-continuity (a sense of connection between one’s past and present selves). Self-continuity, in turn, mediated the positive relation between host-culture nostalgia and psychological adjustment (self-esteem, approach motivation, job satisfaction). The findings have implications for the literatures on (a) multicultural experience and repatriation, and (b) the emotion of nostalgia and its relation to psychological adjustment.
Understanding Children's Art Making Preferences: Implications for Art Therapy

This study employed a phenomenological, qualitative approach to investigate children’s art making preferences. The researcher was curious about the meaning that creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional art forms held for children. Influences and contributions to children’s art making preferences were explored. Lastly the study questioned what children’s artistic preferences mean for the field of art therapy. Theories of art therapy, artistic development, and child development informed the study. Thirteen children ages 5 to 11, four boys and nine girls participated. The researcher requested the children choose a subject and create the subject in both two and three dimensions. A range of art materials were offered to the children. Children were interviewed about past and present art making experiences. Parents and guardians completed two questionnaires which collected demographic information as well as information related to the children’s early experiences with art making, children’s feelings about art making, available art supplies, and home and family influences that might impact children’s art making. The researcher’s field notes and photographs of the children while engaged in the study provided additional data. Data analysis of the interviews resulted in four main findings: (a) the children experienced support for art making in the home and by family members, (b) the children expressed preference for creating in three dimensions and identified the sensory and kinesthetic experience as preferential, (c) the children experienced choice in art making as meaningful, and (d) the children’s two-dimensional mixed media artwork was informed by experiential knowledge of material qualities. Results from the parent and guardian questionnaires showed that the children preferred open-ended and unstructured
Estimation of Caffeine in Different Brands of Soft Drinks by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

This study was undertaken for the purpose to determine the concentration of caffeine in eight brands of soft drinks with the use of an Ultraviolet spectroscopy. This told us about the best brand among the different brands containing caffeine. The highest concentration of caffeine was found in Sting 500mL (560.29 μg/mL), so it is strongest CNS (central nervous system) stimulant among all samples and it is harmful for health. The lowest concentration of caffeine was found in 7up 500mL (29.71 μg/mL). So it is a weakest stimulant among all samples and can be sold in market.
An Experimental Examination of Framing Effects on Consumer Response to Cause Marketing Campaigns

Consumer decision-making is contextual and is heavily influenced by what is considered to be personally relevant. Cause marketing creates a context for social activism by inducing prosocial behaviour in consumers; however, not all consumers find every social issue relevant to their interests, values and goals. Marketers use messaging strategies to convey the importance of a social issue and make it seem relevant enough to motivate consumers to behave in a desirable way. This research examines the effects of message framing in cause marketing campaigns by identifying the role that positive and negative framing play in influencing consumer response based on the degree of relevance they have towards the cause. An experiment using fictitious brands in a cause marketing campaign revealed that framing and relevance have an impact on consumer response to such campaigns, in that negatively farmed messages served as an effective cue to influence attitude and participation intention. Consumers who found the issue to be highly personally relevant had more favourable attitudes and participation intentions than those for whom the cause was not personally relevant. An Interaction of message framing and cause relevance revealed that negative framing impacted the participation intentions of consumers who find a social issue to be of less relevance, while for those who believed the social issue to be of high relevance, message framing did not influence behavioural intentions.
Majority and Minority Network Synthesis With Application to QCA-, SET-, and TPL-Based Nanotechnologies

In this paper, we present a methodology for efficient majority/minority network synthesis of arbitrary multiout- put Boolean functions. Many emerging nanoscale technologies, such as quantum cellular automata (QCA), single electron tunneling (SET), and tunneling phase logic (TPL), are capable of implementing majority or minority logic very efficiently. The main purpose of this paper is to lay the foundation for research on the development of synthesis methodologies and tools to generate optimized majority/minority networks for these emergent technologies. Functionally correct QCA-, SET-, and TPL-based majority/ minority gates have been successfully demonstrated. However, there exists no comprehensive methodology or design automation tool for general multilevel majority/minority network synthesis. We have built the first such tool, majority logic synthesizer, on top of an existing Boolean logic synthesis tool. Experiments with 40 Microelectronics Center of North Carolina benchmarks were performed. They indicate that up to 68.0% reduction in gate count is possible when utilizing majority/minority logic, with the average reduction being 21.9%, compared to traditional logic synthesis, in which two-input and/or gates in the circuit are converted to majority/minority gates.
Economics and Conflict

One of the recurrent themes in the academic as well as popular literature on war is the claim that the prospect of an economic gain motivates small groups of potential profiteers to unleash political violence. “All wars are fought for money” is the anti-war slogan attributed to Socrates, and George Orwell (1998:75) wrote in a 1937 book review that “[War] against a foreign country only happens when the moneyed classes think they are going to profit from it. ” Recent research on the origins of civil wars has recently reinvigorated the hypothesis that economic incentives are a root cause of armed conflict and that rebel leaders are nothing other than profit-seeking quasi-criminals (cf. Collier and Hoeffler 2004). To illustrate this conjecture, Collier (2007:21) uses the claim attributed to Congolese rebel leader Laurent Kabila that “all you needed was $10,000 and a satellite phone” to instigate a successful military campaign. While the future president of the resource-rich country would use the money to hire a small army, Kabila used the phone to conclude contracts with mining companies: “By the time he reached Kinshasa he reportedly had arranged $500 million worth of deals” (Collier 2007:21).
Les Cahiers de la recherche architecturale urbaine et paysagère, 1 | 2018

La conception par ordinateur permet de créer des surfaces transformatives complexes qui tendent à gommer les limites entre espaces de différents statuts. Cet article porte sur les possibilités de développer une pratique artistique et critique de la conception par ordinateur, permettant ainsi l’émergence d’événements dans le système en transformation, et donc de l’« affect ». La possibilité de jouer sur les limites entre espaces de différents statuts nécessite de maintenir les notions d’espace public et d’espace privé (les technologies et leurs capacités à connecter tout espace dans un même réseau économique tend à effacer ces différences) de manière à permettre un entrelacement créatif de ces derniers. La possibilité de transformer ces limites pose la question de l’entité légitime pour contrôler cette évolution. En maintenant une distance avec les extrêmes que sont la liberté totale tendant vers un soi-disant ‘Bien ultime’ d’un côté, et une liberté niée par une « loi » excessive de l’autre côté, l’article présente des manières dont une communauté pourrait reprendre le contrôle de son environnement grâce aux nouvelles technologies, tant qu’une « loi commune » pour la vie publique est respectée. La manière dont les paramètres et algorithmes pourraient être ajustés afin de fonctionner selon ce modèle est utopique mais théoriquement faisable dans le futur selon les théories de l’« émergence ». Le maintien de la possibilité d’événements et de singularités créatives dans le système maintient un espace pour la pensée critique en architecture, prenant en compte la mémoire et la volonté d’un futur meilleur. Computational design technologies enable the shaping of complex transformative surfaces that tend to blur the limits between spaces of different statuses. This article focuses on the possibility of developing artistic and critical practices of computational design: enabling “event” in the evolving architectural system, thus creating “affect”. The possibility to play on boundaries within spaces of different statuses necessitates maintaining the notions of public and private space (as these differences tend to be erased by technologies and their capabilities to connect all space in the same economic network) in order to enable creative intertwining. The possibility of transforming boundaries raises the question of what and who controls them. By keeping a distance between the extremes of total freedom and reaching a so-called “ultimate good” on the one side and of restricted freedom through excessive “law” on the other, the article presents ways for communities to regain control of their environment through new technologies, as long as “common law” of public life is respected. The way parameters and algorithms could be set to function in this model is utopian, although, according to theories of “emergence”, theoretically feasible in the future. Safeguarding the possibility of events and creative singularities in the system upholds a space for critical thinking in architecture that takes into account memory and the will for a better future.
Analysis of a chemotaxis operon from Rhodospirillum centenum

A chemotaxis gene cluster from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum centenum has been cloned, sequenced, and analyzed for the control of transcription during swimmer-to-swarm cell differentiation. The first gene of the operon (cheAY) codes for a large 108-kDa polypeptide with an amino-terminal domain that is homologous to CheA and a carboxyl terminus that is homologous to CheY. cheAY is followed by cheW, an additional homolog of cheY, cheB, and cheR. Sequence analysis indicated that all of the che genes are tightly compacted with the same transcriptional polarity, suggesting that they are organized in an operon. Cotranscription of the che genes was confirmed by demonstrating through Western blot analysis that insertion of a polar spectinomycin resistance gene in cheAY results in loss of cheR expression. The promoter for the che operon was mapped by primer extension analysis as well as by the construction of promoter reporter plasmids that include several deletion intervals. This analysis indicated that the R. centenum che operon utilizes two promoters; one exhibits a sigma 70-like sequence motif, and the other exhibits a sigma 54-like motif. Expression of the che operon is shown to be relatively constant for swimmer cells which contain a single flagellum and for swarm cells that contain multiple lateral flagella.
A classification for community discovery methods in complex networks

Many real‐world networks are intimately organized according to a community structure. Much research effort has been devoted to develop methods and algorithms that can efficiently highlight this hidden structure of a network, yielding a vast literature on what is called today community detection. Since network representation can be very complex and can contain different variants in the traditional graph model, each algorithm in the literature focuses on some of these properties and establishes, explicitly or implicitly, its own definition of community. According to this definition, each proposed algorithm then extracts the communities, which typically reflect only part of the features of real communities. The aim of this survey is to provide a ‘user manual’ for the community discovery problem. Given a meta definition of what a community in a social network is, our aim is to organize the main categories of community discovery methods based on the definition of community they adopt. Given a desired definition of community and the features of a problem (size of network, direction of edges, multidimensionality, and so on) this review paper is designed to provide a set of approaches that researchers could focus on. The proposed classification of community discovery methods is also useful for putting into perspective the many open directions for further research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 512–546, 2011
Translation of intronless RNAs is strongly stimulated by the Epstein–Barr virus mRNA export factor EB2

The Epstein–Barr virus protein (EB2) allows the nuclear export of a particular subset of early and late viral RNAs derived from intronless genes. EB2 is conserved among most herpesvirus members and its presence is essential for the production of infectious particles. Here we show that, besides its role as a nuclear export factor, EB2 strongly stimulates translation of unspliced mRNAs without affecting overall cellular translation. Interestingly, this effect can be reversed by the addition of an intron within the gene. The spliced mRNA is then efficiently exported and translated even in the absence of EB2. Moreover, we show that EB2 associates with translating ribosomes and increases the proportion of its target RNA in the polyribosomal fraction. Finally, testing of EB2 homolog proteins derived from EBV-related herpesviruses, shows that, even if they play similar roles within the replication cycle of their respective virus, their mechanisms of action are different.
The Effects of Confucian Values on Interpersonal Trust, Justice, and Information Sharing of Korean Workers: A Multilevel Analysis

This study examines the effect of supervisors’ Confucian values on interpersonal trust, interpersonal justice, and information sharing in the context of South Korean workers, using multilevel analysis. We also investigate the moderating roles of blood, regional, and school ties (BRST) among their relationships. A survey was conducted with 46 supervisors and 210 subordinates from South Korean manufacturing companies. Our empirical findings indicated that supervisors’ Confucian values were positively associated with the interpersonal trust, interpersonal justice, and information sharing of subordinates. Contrary to our expectation, the BRST had no significant moderating role in the relationship between supervisors’ Confucian values and interpersonal trust, interpersonal justice, and information sharing of subordinates. Our study contributes to organisational behaviour and psychology by highlighting the significance of societal values such as Confucian values in understanding an organisational member's attitude and behaviour in the East Asian region.