Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on craving in substance use disorder patients craving in substance use disorder patients

Background : Substance abuse has a variety of causes. It consists of environmental, biological, sociocultural, and biological aspects. Aim : This study ' s main goal was to investigate how recurrent high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affected people with substance use disorders ' desire (DLPFC). Methods : This interventional study was conducted in the El Hussein Hospital outpatient clinic through 6 months. This study was conducted on 30 including. All patients were divided into two groups: the sham group included 15 patients and the active group included 15 patients. Results : The follow-up desire to use substances ranged from 4 to 7 in the sham group with a mean and SD of 5.8 and 0.71, while it ranged from 3 to 4 in the active group with a mean and SD of 3.33 and 0.36, with a statistically signi ﬁ cant difference ( p 0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion : In conclusion, the ﬁ ndings of this investigation support the hypothesis that a course of rTMS over the left DLPFC may be an effective strategy for lowering desire in patients with substance use disorders. Our present research helps develop additional add-on medications for opioid cessation therapies.
Tomato Sauce Enriched with Olive Oil Exerts Greater Effects on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors than Raw Tomato and Tomato Sauce: A Randomized Trial

Epidemiological studies have observed a negative association between tomato intake and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. As tomato sauces are usually cooked with the addition of oil, some studies have pointed out that both processes may increase the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. However, the effect of consumption of raw tomatoes and tomato sauces on inflammation biomarkers and adhesion molecules related to atherosclerosis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to test the postprandial effects of a single dose of raw tomatoes (RT), tomato sauce (TS) and tomato sauce with refined olive oil (TSOO) on cardiovascular disease risk factors. We performed an open, prospective, randomized, cross-over, controlled feeding trial in 40 healthy subjects who randomly received: 7.0 g of RT/kg of body weight (BW), 3.5 g of TS/kg BW, 3.5 g of TSOO/Kg BW and 0.25 g of sugar solved in water/kg BW on a single occasion on four different days. Biochemical parameters and cellular and circulating inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at baseline and 6 h after each intervention. The results indicate that, compared to control intervention, a single tomato intake in any form decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and several cellular and plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and increased plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol and interleukine (IL) 10 concentrations. However, the changes of plasma IL-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) from T-lymphocytes and CD36 from monocytes were significantly greater after TSOO than after RT and TS interventions. We concluded that tomato intake has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, especially cooked and enriched with oil.
Duodenal motility in fasting dogs: humoral and neural pathways mediating the colonic brake.

We have previously described a negative feedback loop that inhibits duodenal motility when nutrients are infused into the ileum and colon. In the present study, we examined the role of extrinsic innervation and plasma levels of peptide YY (PYY) in mediating this phenomenon. We perfused neurally intact ( n = 5 dogs) or extrinsically denervated ( n = 6 dogs) isolated loops of proximal colon with isomolar NaCl or a mixed-nutrient solution at 2 and 6 ml/min for 4 h during fasting or for 2 h beginning 15 min after a meal. Both rates of infusion with NaCl prolonged the cycle length of the duodenal migrating motor complex (MMC) in the group with neurally intact loops but not in the group with extrinsically denervated loops. Nutrient infusions increased the MMC cycle length in both groups. Integrated plasma concentrations of PYY were increased by nutrients but not by NaCl in both groups. These data suggest that increased volumes and unabsorbed nutrients in the proximal colon alter proximal small bowel motility. Volume-induced effects are mediated via extrinsic nerves, whereas nutrient-induced effects may be mediated by humoral factors, such as plasma PYY.
Bregman Divergences and Surrogates for Learning

Bartlett et al. (2006) recently proved that a ground condition for surrogates, classification calibration, ties up their consistent minimization to that of the classification risk, and left as an important problem the algorithmic questions about their minimization. In this paper, we address this problem for a wide set which lies at the intersection of classification calibrated surrogates and those of Murata et al. (2004). This set coincides with those satisfying three common assumptions about surrogates. Equivalent expressions for the members-sometimes well known-follow for convex and concave surrogates, frequently used in the induction of linear separators and decision trees. Most notably, they share remarkable algorithmic features: for each of these two types of classifiers, we give a minimization algorithm provably converging to the minimum of any such surrogate. While seemingly different, we show that these algorithms are offshoots of the same ldquomasterrdquo algorithm. This provides a new and broad unified account of different popular algorithms, including additive regression with the squared loss, the logistic loss, and the top-down induction performed in CART, C4.5. Moreover, we show that the induction enjoys the most popular boosting features, regardless of the surrogate. Experiments are provided on 40 readily available domains.
Al-Azhar International Medical Journal Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Labour is a physiologic procedure in which the products of conceptions (i.e. the fetus, umbilical cord, membrane, and placenta) are barred out of the uterus. Aim of the work: To find out if a parameter resulting from U-S examinations (the occiput-spine angle (OSA)) had a correlation with the course and labour outcome. Patients and methods: this was a prospective observational study was conducted, consisted of 120 pregnant women attended to Al Azhar university El-Hussine hospital. Results: the mean of Occiput-spine angle in normal vaginal delivery group was 123.49 (± 5.16 SD) with range (116.00-135.00) while the mean of OSA in caesarian section delivery group was 115.55 (± 6.09 SD) with range (105.00-124.00). A highly significant change was found among the study groups regarding Occiput-spine angle. Conclusion: the prenatal sonographic evaluation of the flexion degree of the embryonic head by the OSA in fetus could be used to predict course and outcome of labor.
Hubble Space Telescope ACS Coronagraphic Imaging of the Circumstellar Disk around HD 141569A

Multicolor coronagraphic images of the circumstellar disk around HD 141569A have been obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys. The B, V, and I images show that the disk's previously described multiple-ring structure is actually a continuous distribution of dust with a tightly wound spiral structure. Extending from the disk are two, more open spiral arms, one of which appears to reach the nearby binary star HD 141569BC. Diffuse dust is seen up to 1200 AU from HD 141569A. Although planets may exist in the inner region of the disk, tidal interaction with HD 141569BC seems more likely to be the cause of these phenomena. The disk appears redder than the star (B-V = 0.21 and V-I = 0.25), and its color is spatially uniform. A scattering asymmetry factor of g = 0.25–0.35 is derived. The azimuthal density distribution is asymmetric, varying by a factor of ∼3 at some radii.
DigitalCommons@SHU DigitalCommons@SHU

13 The recent invasions of the red alga, Gracilaria vermiculophylla , to the Atlantic and Eastern 14 Pacific Oceans have the potential to significantly alter intertidal and subtidal soft sediment 15 communities. In particular, G. vermiculophylla increases habitat complexity and provides a novel 16 hard substrate in an otherwise two dimensional habitat. Following our observations that the 17 native omnivorous mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta utilizes G. vermiculophylla for egg capsule 18 deposition, our field surveys demonstrated that the in situ abundance of egg capsules on G. 19 vermiculophylla matched abundances on a native alga Ceramium virgatum and were at least 11-20 50 times greater than on all other co-occurring macrophytes. Additionally, through mesocosm 21 experiments, we showed that I. obsoleta preferentially deposits eggs on the invasive G. 22 vermiculophylla over native substrates. However, despite the thick layer of egg capsules found 23 on G. vermiculophylla, no detrimental effects were seen on thalli growth. In contrast, growth of 24 the native red alga Ceramium virgatum was significantly reduced when egg capsules were 25 present, suggesting G. vermiculophylla can out-compete native macrophytes in areas of I. 26 obsoleta abundance, while facilitating reproduction of the native mud snail. This novel 27 interaction has the potential to significantly alter biological interactions in soft sediment 28 communities through a variety of different mechanisms, including the alteration of trophic 29 cascades via the increase in mud snail abundance. Furthermore, facilitation of the reproductive 30 success of I. obsoleta may lead to increases in the occurrence of cercarial dermatitis, as I. 31 obsoleta is a known intermediate host organism.
Contested Staring Issues and the Use of Mutual Gaze as an On-line Measure of Social Presence

Despite many of the current social presence measures relying heavily on subjective post-test questionnaires, some researchers have identified the value of using on-line, behavioural measures. Gaze, and specifically mutual gaze, is known to be related to social perceptions of an interlocutor, as well as facilitating task performance during an interaction [1, 2, 17]. Second Life allows for the investigation of task- based interaction in a highly controllable social environment, whilst simultaneously allowing measurement of eye movements (using a head-mounted eye-tracker). A paradigm for measuring eye movements of a user during interaction with an avatar or agent is presented. The potential for using this paradigm to investigate the use of mutual gaze as an on- line measure of social presence is discussed.
Efficacy and tolerability of Day 2 manipulation and local anaesthesia after collagenase injection in patients with Dupuytren’s contracture

In clinical trials, treating Dupuytren’s contracture with collagenase injection involves manipulation the day after injection, without local anaesthesia. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of manipulation 2 days after injection with local anaesthesia. Forty-five patients received 50 injections into cords contracting metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints; follow-up visits were at 3 and 14 weeks. For the metacarpophalangeal joints there were >90% reduction in contracture at both visits. The proximal interphalangeal joints that improved spontaneously after metacarpophalangeal injection or received direct injections showed 51–55% reduction in contracture. Changes in scores on the Patient Evaluation Measure suggest that patients perceived improvements in their hand function was good and they were satisfied with the procedure. Collagenase and local anaesthesia injections were well tolerated; adverse events were localized to the injection site and were mild and transient in nature. These findings provide another viable option for practising surgeons and may help with the logistics of patient care.
Is Digitalization Affected by the Entrepreneur’s Gender? Evidence for Spanish SMEs in the Service and Retail Sectors

This study investigates the role of the entrepreneur’s gender on digitalization strategies undertaken by SMEs in the service and retail sectors. Specifically, we aim at testing how the gender of the entrepreneur may affect two different but related digitalization strategies: investment in software, and investment in equipment related to information and communication technologies (ICT). We use a sample of 1,041 Spanish businesses and estimate a bivariate probit model for these two decisions, controlling for other entrepreneurial and business characteristics. Results indicate a higher probability of male entrepreneurs to invest in software and ICT equipment, as compared to women. Furthermore, we find that entrepreneurial risk-taking and business’ innovation capabilities are important drivers for engaging in these two digitalization strategies, regardless of the gender of the entrepreneur, and that entrepreneurial proactiveness is especially important for women entrepreneurs, since the positive impact of entrepreneurial proactiveness on the probability to engage in digitalization strategies is stronger in women-led businesses.
CCL 11 as a Biomarker for the In Vivo Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is the neurodegenerative disease that is ascribed to the long term development of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and motor deficits as a result of the exposure to high amounts of sub concussive traumatic brain injuries. The disease has gained recent popularity in the media for its prevalence in American football as a response to recent research that has suggested the prominence of the disease in nearly every NFL player that is examined post mortem. This has produced a growing concern for the consequences of head impact and participation in contact sports. Despite media attention, little is currently known about the specific causes of the disease and an in life diagnosis is still nonexistent. The present study proposes that the chemokine, CCL11, could prove to be a viable biomarker for recognizing the onset and progression of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The results of our study suggest that football players who are clinically suspicious of CTE show significantly higher levels of CCL11 in their cerebrospinal fluid than do sedentary controls and noncontact athletes. Our results demonstrate that this increase in CCL11 is correlated with the number of years that a football player had participated in. We also suggest that this increase in CCL11 is associated with a unique immune response through results showing that the CCL11 expression increase is correlated with an increase in the expression of the cytokine IL-4 and substantial decrease in IFN-gamma. The analysis of CCL11 expression levels in the cerebrospinal fluid may prove to be a viable method of diagnosing and providing treatment for patients who may be at risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Optimal number of measurements for compressed sensing with quadratically decreasing SNR

In this paper, we consider a practical signal transmission application with fixed power budget such as radar/sonar. The system is modeled by a linear equation with the assumption that the signal energy per measurement decreases linearly and the noise energy per measurement increases approximately linearly with the increasing of the number of measurements. Thus the SNR decreases quadratically with the number of measurements. This model suggests an optimal operation point different from the common wisdom where more measurements always mean better performance. Our analysis shows that there is an optimal number of measurements, neither too few nor too many, to minimize the mean-squared error of the estimate. The analysis is based on a state evolution technique which is proposed for the approximate message passing algorithm. We consider the Gaussian, Bernoulli-Gaussian and least-favorite distributions in both real and complex domains. Numerical results justify the correctness of our analysis.
Automated generation of MCSS‐derived pharmacophoric DOCK site points for searching multiconformation databases

All docking methods employ some sort of heuristic to orient the ligand molecules into the binding site of the target structure. An automated method, MCSS2SPTS, for generating chemically labeled site points for docking is presented. MCSS2SPTS employs the program Multiple Copy Simultaneous Search (MCSS) to determine target‐based theoretical pharmacophores. More specifically, chemically labeled site points are automatically extracted from selected low‐energy functional‐group minima and clustered together. These pharmacophoric site points can then be directly matched to the pharmacophoric features of database molecules with the use of either DOCK or PhDOCK to place the small molecules into the binding site. Several examples of the ability of MCSS2SPTS to reproduce the three‐dimensional pharmacophoric features of ligands from known ligand–protein complex structures are discussed. In addition, a site‐point set calculated for one human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV1) protease structure is used with PhDOCK to dock a set of HIV1 protease ligands; the docked poses are compared to the corresponding complex structures of the ligands. Finally, the use of an MCSS2SPTS‐derived site‐point set for acyl carrier protein synthase is compared to the use of atomic positions from a bound ligand as site points for a large‐scale DOCK search. In general, MCSS2SPTS‐generated site points focus the search on the more relevant areas and thereby allow for more effective sampling of the target site. Proteins 2003;51:189–202. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethylene Inhibits the Nod Factor Signal Transduction Pathway of Medicago truncatula

Legumes form a mutualistic symbiosis with bacteria collectively referred to as rhizobia. The bacteria induce the formation of nodules on the roots of the appropriate host plant, and this process requires the bacterial signaling molecule Nod factor. Although the interaction is beneficial to the plant, the number of nodules is tightly regulated. The gaseous plant hormone ethylene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of nodule number. The mechanism of the ethylene inhibition on nodulation is unclear, and the position at which ethylene acts in this complex developmental process is unknown. Here, we used direct and indirect ethylene application and inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis, together with comparison of wild-type plants and an ethylene-insensitive supernodulating mutant, to assess the effect of ethylene at multiple stages of this interaction in the model legume Medicago truncatula. We show that ethylene inhibited all of the early plant responses tested, including the initiation of calcium spiking. This finding suggests that ethylene acts upstream or at the point of calcium spiking in the Nod factor signal transduction pathway, either directly or through feedback from ethylene effects on downstream events. Furthermore, ethylene appears to regulate the frequency of calcium spiking, suggesting that it can modulate both the degree and the nature of Nod factor pathway activation.
Socio-demographic variation in chest pain incidence and subsequent coronary heart disease in primary care in the United Kingdom

Background: We know little about socio-demographic differences in chest pain presenting to primary care and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a cohort study with 198,209 patients aged 30 years and over with a first episode of chest pain, using data from 339 general practices in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database during 1997–2007. We calculated incidence of chest pain and subsequent CHD by age, gender and quintiles of Townsend area deprivation score. Results: Chest pain incidence was 19.6/1000 person years at risk (PYAR, 95% CI 19.5–19.7). Incidence rose with age and increasing deprivation, with minimal gender differences. The incidence of CHD in the year following chest pain in primary care was 96.6/1000 PYAR (95% CI 95.1–98.0). There were significant interactions with age/deprivation and gender/deprivation on subsequent CHD diagnosis. The effect of deprivation was less for those over 60 years, and greater for younger women. Women in their 30s with chest pain in deprived areas had 8.77 times (95% CI 3.34–23.06) the CHD incidence compared to those in the most affluent areas. The absolute risk difference was small (8/1000 PYAR, 95% CI 4.5–11.5/1000 PYAR). Conclusions: There was a modestly greater incidence of chest pain in primary care in more deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas. There were interactions between age, gender and deprivation on subsequent CHD diagnosis, with the greatest effect of deprivation on CHD diagnosis seen in younger women. This observation suggests the need for targeting health promotion and CHD prevention among younger women in deprived areas.
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt: Successful Embolization Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II

A 67-year-old woman presented with memory impairment and behavioral changes. Brain MRI indicated hepatic encephalopathy. Abdominal CT scans revealed an intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt that consisted of two shunt tracts to the aneurysmal sac that communicated directly with the right hepatic vein. The large tract was successfully occluded by embolization using the newly available AMPLATZERTM Vascular Plug II and the small tract was occluded by using coils. The patient's symptoms disappeared after shunt closure and she remained free of recurrence at the 3-month follow-up evaluation.
Alterations in the functional capacity of albumin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality

Albumin concentration is diminished in patients with liver failure. Albumin infusion improves survival of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and it is hypothesized that this may be due in part to its detoxifying capabilities. The aim of this study was to perform detailed quantitative and qualitative assessment of albumin function in patients with cirrhosis. Healthy controls and patients with acute deterioration of cirrhosis requiring hospital admission (n = 34) were included. Albumin function was assessed using affinity of the fatty acid binding sites using a spin label (16 doxyl‐stearate) titration and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) was measured. Twenty‐two patients developed acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. Twelve were treated with the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) and 10 with standard medical therapy. For each parameter measured, the patients' albumin had reduced functional ability, which worsened with disease severity. Fifteen patients died, and IMA, expressed as an albumin ratio (IMAR), was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (P < 0.001; area under the receiver operating curve = 0.8). No change in the patients' albumin function was observed following MARS therapy. A significant negative correlation between IMAR and the fatty acid binding coefficients for sites 1 and 2 (P < 0.001 for both) was observed, indicating possible sites of association on the protein. Conclusion: The results of this study suggests marked dysfunction of albumin function in advanced cirrhosis and provide further evidence for damage to the circulating albumin, which is not reversed by MARS therapy. IMAR correlates with disease severity and may have prognostic use in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;50:555–564.)