Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Floral Scent of Canada Thistle and Its Potential as a Generic Insect Attractant

Abstract The flowers of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.), attract a wide range of insects, including pollinators and herbivorous species. This attraction is primarily mediated by floral odor, which offers potential for developing generic insect attractants based on odor. In this study, we have analyzed the chemical composition of the volatiles produced by Canada thistle flowers. Nineteen floral compounds were identified in the headspace, including phenylacetaldehyde (55%), methyl salicylate (14%), dimethyl salicylate (8%), pyranoid linalool oxide (4.5%), and benzaldehyde (3.5%). Other minor compounds include benzyl alcohol, methylbenzoate, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol, furanoid linalool oxide, p-anisaldehyde, 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene, benzylacetate, benzyl tiglate, (E,E)-α-farnesene, benzyl benzoate, isopropyl myristate, and 2-phenylethyl ester benzoic acid. The relative attractiveness of various doses of the main floral volatile compound phenylacetaldehyde (i.e., 10, 100, 200, and 400 mg) was tested for insect attraction. Both the total catch and the biodiversity of insect species trapped increased as the loading of phenylacetaldehyde increased. Volatiles were chosen from the odors from the flowers of Canada thistle and formulated and tested in the field. An 11-component blend was the most attractive of several floral blends tested. These findings indicate that chemical components of flower odors of Canada thistle can serve as a generic insect attractant for monitoring of invasive pest species.
Functional network connectivity of pain-related resting state networks in somatoform pain disorder: an exploratory fMRI study.

BACKGROUND Without stimulation, the human brain spontaneously produces highly organized, low-frequency fluctuations of neural activity in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Furthermore, without adequate explanatory nociceptive input, patients with somatoform pain disorder experience pain symptoms, thus implicating a central dysregulation of pain homeostasis. The present study aimed to test whether interactions among pain-related ICNs, such as the default mode network (DMN), cingular-insular network (CIN) and sensorimotor network (SMN), are altered in somatoform pain during resting conditions. METHODS Patients with somatoform pain disorder and healthy controls underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging that lasted 370 seconds. Using a data-driven approach, the ICNs were isolated, and the functional network connectivity (FNC) was computed. RESULTS Twenty-one patients and 19 controls enrolled in the study. Significant FNC (p < 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate) was detected between the CIN and SMN/anterior DMN, the anterior DMN and posterior DMN/SMN, and the posterior DMN and SMN. Interestingly, no group differences in FNC were detected. LIMITATIONS The most important limitation of this study was the relatively short resting state paradigm. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our results demonstrated for the first time the resting FNC among pain-related ICNs. However, our results suggest that FNC signatures alone are not able to characterize the putative central dysfunction underpinning somatoform pain disorder.
USING TABU SEARCH FOR FEATURE SELECTION IN DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

The well known statistical software packages like STATISTICA [11] continue to use classic variable selection methods in stepwise Discriminant Analysis such as the sequential forward/backward ones. Such stepwise procedures suffer from the nesting effect. Moreover, due to the criterion used for evaluation of variable subsets they are designed for descriptive purposes, not for predictive ones. We propose the new solution to the mentioned problems, the feature selection algorithm based on metaheuristic tabu search. After performing some tests it is found that our tabu search-based algorithm obtains significantly better results than stepwise procedures of statistical package.
The effects of digital games on hedonic, eudaimonic and telic entertainment experiences

This study extends current research on media entertainment by examining the effects of (perceived) game characteristics on hedonic, eudaimonic and telic entertainment experiences. Furthermore, differentiating between meaningful and non-meaningful games, we investigated whether these game types lead to the experience of different gaming-related emotions and what determines their discontinuation. Building on an online survey with 325 German gamers, we found a game’s narrative, its mechanics, the satisfaction of basic needs and perceived cognitive and affective challenge to be associated with the three entertainment experiences in distinct ways. In addition, the results suggest that meaningful and non-meaningful games induce specific emotions and are discontinued due to different considerations. The study furthers our theoretical understanding of (interactive) media entertainment and shows how the interplay of factors internal and external to a game shapes the overall game entertainment experience.
Efficacy and motor complications of original and generic levodopa in Parkinson’s disease treatment

Background In general, a generic drug is considered interchangeable with the original formulated drug. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), generic drug use remains debated. This study was aimed to investigate whether the generic drug was as effective as the original in improving the symptoms of PD and the prevalence of motor complications. Methods This study was a multicenter cohort study of patients with PD enrolled from three northeast hospitals in Thailand between February 2013 and February 2014. The patients were categorized into original and generic levodopa groups. The clinical characteristics, efficacy, and motor complications were compared between the groups. Results There were 400 eligible patients. Of these, 327 patients (81.75%) met the study criteria and were classified as the original levodopa group (200 patients, 61.16%) and the generic levodopa group (127 patients, 38.84%). The average age of all patients with PD was 65 years. The duration of PD and the modified Hoehn–Yahr stages were not different between the groups. The total doses of original and generic levodopa-equivalent doses were significantly different (199.97±127.08 versus 305.58±138.27 mg; P-value <0.001) and the actual doses were 198.10±117.92 versus 308.85±139.40 mg (P-value <0.001). Approximately 80% of patients with PD in both groups had good responses (P-value >0.999), but the development of motor complications was significantly greater in the original than in the generic group. Conclusion Generic levodopa was effective in improving the symptoms of PD. The prevalence of motor complications in the original compound group, at a lower dose of levodopa equivalent, was higher than in the generic group.
Title Incidence and Clinical Features of Symptomatic Cerebral HyperperfusionSyndrome After Vascular Reconstruction

Background: Vascular reconstructions are established treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is occasionally seen following vascular reconstruction and manifest clinical symptom. The purpose of the present study is to investigate incidence and clinical feature of CHS following vascular reconstruction. Methods: One hundred and forty four patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease [53 carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for carotid artery stenosis, 48 carotid artery stenting (CAS) for carotid artery stenosis, 20 bypass surgery for atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, 40 bypass surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD)] underwent vascular reconstruction. Patients were examined neurologically and radiologically including CT, MRI and single photon emission tomography, and then CHS was evaluated. Results: CHS developed in one (1.9%) CEA, one (2.1%) CAS, one (5.0%) bypass surgery for atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, and 6 (15.0%) bypass surgery for MMD. The incidence of CHS was significantly higher in patients with MMD. Aged patient and impairment of cerebrovascular reserve were correlated with CHS. Patients manifested disorientation following CEA and complained headache following CAS. Diffuse hemispheric hyperperfusion was detected by SPECT. Whereas, MMD patients manifested focal neurologic deficit, focal cerebral edema, and increased regional cerebral blood flow around vascular anastomosis. These patients were treated with blood pressure control and administration of free radical scavenger, and recovered without permanent
The Network Concept of Creativity and Deep Thinking: Applications to Social Opinion Formation and Talent Support

Our century has unprecedented new challenges, which need creative solutions and deep thinking. Contemplative, deep thinking became an “endangered species” in our rushing world of Tweets, elevator pitches, and fast decisions. Here, we describe how important aspects of both creativity and deep thinking can be understood as network phenomena of conceptual and social networks. “Creative nodes” occupy highly dynamic, boundary spanning positions in social networks. Creative thinking requires alternating plasticity-dominated and rigidity-dominated mind-sets, which can be helped by dynamically changing social network structures. In the closing section, we present three case studies which demonstrate the applications of the concept in the Hungarian research student movement, the Hungarian Templeton Program, and the Youth Platform of the European Talent Support Network. These examples show how talent support programs can mobilize the power of social networks to enhance creative, deliberative, deep thinking of talented young minds, influencing social opinion, leading to community action, and developing charismatic leadership skills.
Efficient VLSI implementation of modulo (2/sup n//spl plusmn/1) addition and multiplication

New VLSI circuit architectures for addition and multiplication modulo (2/sup n/-1) and (2/sup n/+1) are proposed that allow the implementation of highly efficient combinational and pipelined circuits for modular arithmetic. It is shown that the parallel-prefix adder architecture is well suited to realize fast end-around-carry adders used for modulo addition. Existing modulo multiplier architectures are improved for higher speed and regularity. These allow the use of common multiplier speed-up techniques like Wallace-tree addition and Booth recoding, resulting in the fastest known modulo multipliers. Finally, a high-performance modulo multiplier-adder for the IDEA block cipher is presented. The resulting circuits are compared qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e., in a standard-cell technology, with existing solutions and ordinary integer adders and multipliers.
Self-calibration of sensor networks

We consider the problem of locating and orienting a network of unattended sensors that has been deployed in a scene with unknown sensor locations and orientation angles, when no 'anchor' nodes are present. Many localization problems assume that some nodes have known locations and propagate location information about other nodes using triangulation procedures. In our formulation, we do not require such anchor nodes, but instead assume prior probability density function for the nominal locations of a subset of the nodes. These nominal locations typically have high uncertainty, on the order of tens of meters. The self-calibration solution is obtained in two steps. Relative sensor locations are estimated using noisy time-of-arrival and direction-of-arrival measurements of calibration source signals in the scene, and absolute location calibration is obtained by incorporating prior nominal location knowledge. We consider a Bayes approach to the calibration problem and compute accuracy bounds on the calibration procedure. A maximum a posteriori estimation algorithm is shown to achieve the accuracy bound. Experiments using both synthetic data and field measurements are presented.
Asymptotic Distribution of Quadratic Forms

We consider quadratic forms Q n = Σ a jh X j X k , 1 ≤j ¬= k ≤ n where X j are i.i. d. random variables with finite third moment. We obtain optimal bounds for the Kolmogorov distance between the distribution of Q n and the distribution of the same quadratic forms with X j replaced by corresponding Gaussian random variables. These bounds are applied to Toeplitz and random matrices as well as to nonstationary AR(1) processes.
Average-Case Complexity of Detecting Cliques by Benjamin Rossman

The computational problem of testing whether a graph contains a complete subgraph of size k is among the most fundamental problems studied in theoretical computer science. This thesis is concerned with proving lower bounds for k-Clique, as this problem is known. Our results show that, in certain models of computation, solving k-Clique in the average case requires Ω(nk/4) resources (moreover, k/4 is tight). Here the models of computation are bounded-depth Boolean circuits and unbounded-depth monotone circuits, the complexity measure is the number of gates, and the input distributions are random graphs with an appropriate density of edges. Such random graphs (the well-studied Erdős-Rényi graphs) are widely believed to be a source of computationally hard instances for clique problems, a hypothesis first articulated by Karp in 1976. This thesis gives the first unconditional lower bounds supporting this hypothesis. Significantly, our result for bounded-depth Boolean circuits breaks out of the traditional “size-depth tradeoff”, which had been a barrier to progress in circuit complexity: whereas previous (worst-case) lower bounds for k-Clique have the form Ω(nk/poly(d)) for depth-d Boolean circuits, our Ω(nk/4) lower bound has no noticeable dependence on the circuit depth d so long as d 6 k−2 log n/ log log n. As a consequence, we obtain a novel Size Hierarchy Theorem for uniform AC. A related application answers a longstanding open question in finite model theory (raised by Immerman in 1982): we show that the hierarchy of boundedvariable fragments of first-order logic is strict on finite ordered graphs. Additional results of this thesis characterize the average-case descriptive complexity of k-Clique through the lens of first-order logic. Thesis Supervisor: Madhu Sudan Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
The effect of stellar feedback and quasar winds on the active galactic nucleus population

In order to constrain the physical processes that regulate and downsize the active galactic nucleus (AGN) population, the predictions of the model for the rise of galaxies and active nuclei (MORGANA) are compared to luminosity functions (LFs) of AGNs in the optical, soft and hard X-ray bands, to the local black hole (BH)‐bulge mass relation and to the observed X-ray number counts and background. We also give predictions on the accretion rate of AGNs in units of the Eddington rate and on the BH‐bulge relation expected at high redshift. We find that it is possible to reproduce the downsizing of AGNs within the hierarchical Lambda cold dark matter cosmogony and that the most likely cause of this downsizing is the stellar kinetic feedback that arises in star-forming bulges as a consequence of the high level of turbulence and leads to a massive removal of cold gas in small elliptical galaxies. At the same time, to obtain good fits to the number of bright quasars we require that quasar-triggered galactic winds self-limit the accretion on to BHs; however, the very high degree of complexity of the physics of these winds, coupled with our poor understanding of it, hampers more robust conclusions. In all cases, the predicted BH‐bulge relation steepens considerably with respect to the observed one at bulge masses <10 11 M � ; this problem is related to a known excess in the predicted number of small bulges, common to most similar models, so that the reproduction of the correct number of faint AGNs is done at the cost of underestimating their BH masses. This highlights an insufficient downsizing of elliptical galaxies, and hints at another feedback mechanism able to act on the compact discs that form and soon merge at high redshift. The results of this paper reinforce the need for direct investigations of the feedback mechanisms in active galaxies that will be possible with the next generation of astronomical telescopes from submm to
Information seeking and students studying for professional careers: the cases of engineering and law students in Ireland

This paper reports the results of two empirical studies which explored the information seeking behaviour of engineering and law students in Ireland. Findings reveal similar patterns in the information seeking behaviour between students studying to become professionals and information seeking patterns of these groups identified in the Leckie et al. model. Students learned their information seeking strategies, including effective and less effective approaches, from educators. Mis-perceptions of the role and value of libraries and information professionals in their studies were common, and as a result, students often adopted information seeking strategies that excluded libraries and library staff. The two studies suggest that engineering and law students in Ireland could benefit from greater information literacy training and awareness, enabling them to acquire the information skills they need to function effectively and efficiently in their future professional work lives.
Effects of Unilateral Prefrontal Lesions on Familiarity, Recollection, and Source Memory

Recognition memory can be supported by both the assessment of the familiarity of an item and by recollection of the context in which an item was encountered. Some have hypothesized that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) disproportionately contributes to recollection, whereas an alternative view is that the PFC contributes to both recollection and familiarity. Here, we examined the effects of prefrontal lesions on recollection and familiarity. Patients with unilateral PFC lesions and age-, gender-, and education-matched controls encoded pictures of meaningful objects that were presented briefly to the left or right visual field and subsequently performed recognition tests for centrally presented objects. Laterality effects within the PFC were also assessed in relation to recollection and familiarity processes. Patients with prefrontal lesions showed impaired familiarity-based recognition, and this deficit was specific for objects encoded by the lesioned hemisphere. In addition, recollection of the context in which each item was encountered was impaired independent of the visual field of presentation in patients with left prefrontal lesions. Recollection measured by subjective reports (“remember”) was not impaired in either left or right frontal patients. These findings suggest that the PFC plays a critical role in recognition memory based on familiarity as well as recollection. Furthermore, these results suggest that left PFC regions are critical for source recollection.
The relationship of personality disorders and persistent post concussive syndrome in mild head injury

The relationship of personality disorders and persistent post concussive syndrome (PPCS) in mild head injury was investigated. Personality disorders were measured with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCM-II). Mild head injury referrals were compared to a moderate head injury group, (n=46), and to a non-head Injured neurological control group, (n=93). There was little evidence to suggest that die mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) group had more personality disorders than either of the two comparison groups. The mild TBI group did endorse more passive-aggressive, aggressive-sadistic, self-defeating and borderline personality traits; however, the overall scores were below ranges which indicate a personality disorder. The relationship between personality disorders (the MCMl-Il) and emotional status, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was also examined. Neither maladaptive personality characteristics or psychological distress were related to performance on neuropsychological tests. The results are discussed within the context of physiological and psychological determinants of the PPCS.
Non-Fermi liquids

Our present understanding of how the interactions between electrons affect the metallic state has, for forty years, rested on the foundations of Landau's Fermi-liquid theory. It provides the basis for understanding metals in terms of weakly interacting electron (-like) particles. Recent years have seen the discovery of metals which appear to fall outside this framework-perhaps most notably in the normal state of the high temperature cuprate superconductors. While the theory for understanding the cuprate metals remains controversial, there are a number of clear examples where we do believe we understand the new underlying theoretical concepts. In this article I illustrate four such routes towards forming a non-Fermi liquid metal and illustrate, where possible, how these have been realized in a number of materials. The proximity to a quantum phase transition and reduced effective dimensionality can both play important roles.
The independent and joint effects of the skill and physical bases of relatedness in diversification

By examining the independent and joint effects of the skill and physical bases of relatedness, this study develops a multidimensional view of relatedness in diversification. The paper compares the ways the two bases identify relatedness, and examines empirically the relationship between relatedness and performance for a sample of 158 large diversified manufacturing firms. Each base of relatedness alone had no significant effect on financial performance. However, when the two approaches were combined, there was a strong positive effect on most indicators of performance. The findings demonstrate how different bases of relatedness complement and extend one another, and they clarify findings of previous studies that used a single base of relatedness. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of MODIS enhanced vegetation index to detect seasonal patterns of leaf phenology in central Amazon várzea forest

MODIS 16-day composite EVI, NDVI, and VI Quality Analysis values for 2000–2005 were extracted for 21 várzea forest sites along the Solimões-Amazon floodplain west of Manaus, Brazil. VI values were filtered to exclude dates with VI-QA values greater than 3, and time series of median values of the remaining pixels were examined in conjunction with river stage levels recorded at the Manacapuru gauge. All sites showed a regular seasonal variation in EVI, ranging from a mean low for all sites of 0.41 to a mean high of 0.61. The amplitude of variability in NDVI was about 50% that of EVI. Minimum EVI, corresponding to minimum leaf area, occurred in late May, about 40 days preceding maximum river stage; EVI peaked in mid-October, about 30 days before lowest river levels. These temporal patterns are in general agreement with field observations of leaf phenology at várzea stands near Manaus.