Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of postpartum anemia among women from a rural population in southern India

Background Even though the problem of anemia during pregnancy has been adequately emphasized, very little attention has been paid to postpartum anemia. The objective of the current study was to estimate the mean change in maternal hemoglobin from 36 weeks’ gestation to 6 weeks postpartum and to identify the factors associated with anemia during the postpartum period among women in a rural development block in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods Ninety-three pregnant women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire at 36 weeks’ gestation and then at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected from the participants at 36 weeks’ gestation and at 6 weeks postpartum. Paired t-tests assessing the difference in mean hemoglobin prepartum and postpartum, univariate analysis, and multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with postpartum anemia were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 12 for Microsoft Windows software. Results The proportion of study subjects who were anemic (hemoglobin <11 g/dL) at 36 weeks’ gestation was 26.8% and at 6 weeks postpartum was 47.3% (hemoglobin <12 g/dL). The mean hemoglobin at 36–38 weeks’ gestation was 11.70±1.43 g/dL and at 6 weeks postpartum was 12.10±1.27 g/dL. Anemia at 36 weeks’ gestation (odds ratio [OR] 10.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.37–42.34), heavy blood loss perceived by the mother during delivery (OR 12.91, 95% CI 2.01–61.25), younger maternal age (<21 years, OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.28–23.86), and inadequate iron supplementation during the postpartum period (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.18–11.37) were identified as significant factors associated with anemia at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusion Anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy, heavy bleeding perceived by the mother during delivery, younger maternal age, and inadequate iron supplementation during the postpartum period were associated with postpartum anemia.
Fast Multilevel Co-Clustering

There are clear indications that many online social networks contain multilevel overlapping cluster structure, but it is difficult to unravel this structure using existing methods. We propose new fast algorithms for finding the multilevel overlapping co-cluster structure of feature matrices that encode social network relations. Starting from the weighted bipartite graph structure of the feature matrix, the algorithms use new graph agglomeration procedures to recursively coarsen the bipartite graphs that represent the relations between the co-clusters on increasingly coarser levels. New fast heuristic coarsening routines are described that circumvent the bottleneck of all-to-all similarity computations by exploiting measures of direct connection strength between row and column variables in the feature matrix. For traditional (singlelevel) co-clustering problems of gene expression data, our algorithms compare favourably to current methods in terms of speed, scalability and accuracy. Our approach uncovers multilevel overlapping cluster structure in a proof-of-concept application to a data set that relates LinkedIn users to their skills and expertise. The scalability of our methods is illustrated on problems with input size up to tens of millions of data elements, where our fastest method needs about a second and produces more accurate results than a leading existing method that requires more than 1,000 seconds.
The stability of partnerships across the transition from education to employment

ABSTRACT This article examines the dynamics of emerging adults’ partnerships across the school-to-work transition. While previous research studied the impact of the school-to-work transition on cohabitation entry only, we focus on partnership disruption, accounting for cohabitation as a parallel process. We examine whether partnership volatility is tied to enrolment in education, which would imply greater opportunities for relationship and identity exploration, but also postponed family formation, for those enrolled in education longer. Moreover, we study the impact of non-employment after education on the stability of early partnerships. The analyses are based on PAIRFAM, a survey on relationship dynamics for young cohorts in Germany. Focusing on western Germany, we study partnerships that began during education. In a three-process model, we examine partnership disruptions and transformations of non-cohabiting partnerships into cohabitations, comparing the impact of educational enrolment, employment, and non-employment while controlling for selectivity in entering employment. We find that young men's transition from education to employment stabilizes their partnerships. However, partnership instability is higher for young men with phases of non-employment after education than for those who are employed. In contrast to men, the school-to-work transition has no effect on partnership stability for women.
Mal-ID: Automatic Malware Detection Using Common Segment Analysis and Meta-Features

This paper proposes several novel methods, based on machine learning, to detect malware in executable files without any need for preprocessing, such as unpacking or disassembling. The basic method (Mal-ID) is a new static (form-based) analysis methodology that uses common segment analysis in order to detect malware files. By using common segment analysis, Mal-ID is able to discard malware parts that originate from benign code. In addition, Mal-ID uses a new kind of feature, termed meta-feature, to better capture the properties of the analyzed segments. Rather than using the entire file, as is usually the case with machine learning based techniques, the new approach detects malware on the segment level. This study also introduces two Mal-ID extensions that improve the Mal-ID basic method in various aspects. We rigorously evaluated Mal-ID and its two extensions with more than ten performance measures, and compared them to the highly rated boosted decision tree method under identical settings. The evaluation demonstrated that Mal-ID and the two Mal-ID extensions outperformed the boosted decision tree method in almost all respects. In addition, the results indicated that by extracting meaningful features, it is sufficient to employ one simple detection rule for classifying executable files.
Effects of merging histories on angular momentum distribution of dark matter haloes

ABSTRA C T The effects of merging histories of proto-objects on the angular momentum distributions of the present-time dark matter haloes are analysed. An analytical approach to the analysis of the angular momentum distributions assumes that the haloes are initially homogeneous ellipsoids and that the growth of the angular momentum of the haloes halts at their maximum expansion time. However, the maximum expansion time cannot be determined uniquely, because in the hierarchical clustering scenario each progenitor, or subunit, of the halo has its own maximum expansion time. Therefore the merging history of the halo may be important in estimating its angular momentum. Using the merger tree model by Rodrigues & Thomas, which takes into account the spatial correlations of the density fluctuations, we have investigated the effects of the merging histories on the angular momentum distributions of dark matter haloes. It was found that the merger effects, that is, the effects of the inhomogeneity of the maximum expansion times of the progenitors which finally merge together into a halo, do not strongly affect the final angular momentum distributions, so that the homogeneous ellipsoid approximation happens to be good for the estimation of the angular momentum distribution of dark matter haloes. This is because the effect of the different directions of the angular momenta of the progenitors cancels out the effect of the inhomogeneity of the maximum expansion times of the progenitors. The contribution of the orbital angular momentum to the total angular momentum when two or more pre-existing haloes merge together was also investigated. It is shown that this contribution is more important than that of the angular momentum of diffuse accreting matter to the total angular momentum, especially when the mergers occur many times.
Task switching performance reveals heterogeneity amongst patients with mild cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE To assess executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to determine whether task switching ability is associated with transition to Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Twenty-seven MCI patients and 19 older controls were tested using a cued letter-digit classification switching task. Sixteen patients could perform the task (MCI-able), 6 could not (MCI-unable), and 5 were able only with cognitive support (MCI-cue). Demographic, neuropsychological, event-related potential (ERP), MRI, and genetic data were also collected. RESULTS The four groups did not differ on age, gender, and APO E4 frequency. Compared to the controls, the MCI-unable group had significantly poorer performance on the Trail Making task (η2 = .430), lower education (η2 = .234), and smaller cortical volume (η2 = .245). Most MCI patients exhibited task-switching deficits but to vastly different degrees and with varying outcomes. The combined pattern of neuropsychological and task switching performance indicates that the MCI-able patients displayed memory retrieval difficulties (F(2,39) = 3.6, p = . 036, MSE = 1.44), generally preserved task switching abilities, and had a high probability of remaining dementia-free at follow-up. The MCI-cue patients had increased mixing costs, F(2,39) = 11.0, p < . 001, MSE = . 07; the MCI-unable patients showed episodic memory deficits, and both groups had a high probability of poor outcome (i.e., developing AD or dying within four years). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that variability in performance on measures of task-switching can highlight important heterogeneity in the MCI population.
Gender differences in first and secondhand smoke exposure, spirometric lung function and cardiometabolic health in the old order Amish: A novel population without female smoking

Due to their relatively homogeneous lifestyle and living environment, the Amish offer a novel opportunity to study the health associations of tobacco smoke exposure, particularly secondhand smoke. We hypothesized that secondhand smoke exposure is associated with worse pulmonary and cardiometabolic health. We examined cross-sectional data on 3568 Amish study participants, including tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure from family members included in the study. Thirty-four percent of Amish men reported ever smoking. Of this proportion, 64% used cigars, 46% cigarettes, and 21% pipes. Less than 1% of women reported ever smoking. Smoking was associated with lower spirometric lung function, higher body mass index, lower HDL cholesterol, higher heart rate, lower ankle-brachial index, and larger aortic diameter in men. A greater number of sources of secondhand smoke exposure (defined from the total of spouses, parents, and siblings who smoke) was associated with higher body mass index (p = 0.03) and with higher fasting glucose in men (p = 0.01), but not in women (p = 0.007 for sex*secondhand smoke interaction). Secondhand smoke exposure was also associated with reduced HDL cholesterol only in women (p = 0.002) and a lower heart rate only in men (p = 0.006). Smoking habits among the Old Order Amish are notable for the absence of female participation and a high proportion of cigar and pipe use. Smoking is associated with decreased spirometric indices of lung function and increased cardiovascular risk in this population and secondhand smoke exposure is associated with a greater burden of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Sex differences in correlations could reflect differences in exposure patterns, mechanisms, or susceptibilities.
Hierarchical Role-based Design of Web-based Educational Systems for Blended Learning in Higher Education

Educational software should be designed by development teams with actual teachers. Thus, implementations of this type of software would be able to cover most teaching requirements and to adjust to different teaching principles. Moreover, some more work should be done to abstract common patterns in educational software so that software engineering methods can be adapted to suit educational needs. We propose an abstraction of system users by defining a role hierarchy which fits web-based collaborative educational systems. This proposal, which can significantly improve software adaptability and usability, has been used to develop Tutor, a web-based educational software system to promote a blended learning environment in Higher Education.
An incremental relay based cooperative routing protocol for wireless in-body sensor networks

In this paper, we aim to minimize in-body sensor node energy consumption and to prolong the network lifetime by utilizing a relay strategy based on our proposed flexible quality of service (QoS) radio frequency communication module and advanced In-to-out body path loss (PL) model. A selection algorithm is derived and investigated in which the relay nodes with lower energy consumption and minimum distance to the coordinator will be chosen in each round. In this way, time division multiple access (TDMA) can be investigated to schedule data transmission from implants to the corresponding relays, and thus minimize the overall length of communication links. Moreover, a linear programming network lifetime model is proposed along with various subjective functions. Followed by constraints, simulations are conducted on a proposed topology network assuming two commercial transceivers. Results show that the existing two-relay based protocol achieves higher transmission data rates due to the availability of redundant communication pathways. However, our proposed incremental relay-based cooperative routing protocol outperforms the existing two-relay based scheme regarding total network lifetime, overall throughput, average power consumption and propagation delay.
Emerging infectious disease selects for darker plumage coloration in greenfinches

Outbreaks of emerging infectious disease offer a unique chance to study viability selection in action in short time windows. Finch trichomonosis, caused by a protozoan Trichomonas gallinae emerged in Great Britain in 2005 and led to epidemic mortality and a significant population decline of greenfinches, Carduelis chloris in UK and Northern European countries in subsequent years. We recorded covariation between plumage characteristics and trichomonosis-induced mortality among wild-caught greenfinches brought into captivity in Tartu, Estonia. Occurrence of fault bars (markers of stressful conditions experienced during feather growth) on tail feathers was five times higher among the dead birds than among survivors. Black (eumelanotic) compartments of tail feathers of survivors were on average 22 % darker than feathers of dead birds. Such pattern is best explained by proposed pleiotropic effects of genes involved in eumelanin production on immune function. These findings suggest that melanin-based coloration can evolve via mechanisms that are independent of visual information provided by the pigment.
Metaphoric Reference: An Eye Movement Analysis of Spanish–English and English–Spanish Bilingual Readers

This study examines the processing of metaphoric reference by bilingual speakers. English dominant, Spanish dominant, and balanced bilinguals read passages in English biasing either a figurative (e.g., describing a weak and soft fighter that always lost and everyone hated) or a literal (e.g., describing a donut and bakery shop that made delicious pastries) meaning of a critical metaphoric referential description (e.g., “creampuff”). We recorded the eye movements (first fixation, gaze duration, go-past duration, and total reading time) for the critical region, which was a metaphoric referential description in each passage. The results revealed that literal vs. figurative meaning activation was modulated by language dominance, where Spanish dominant bilinguals were more likely to access the literal meaning, and English dominant and balanced bilinguals had access to both the literal and figurative meanings of the metaphoric referential description. Overall, there was a general tendency for the literal interpretation to be more active, as revealed by shorter reading times for the metaphoric reference used literally, in comparison to when it was used figuratively. Results are interpreted in terms of the Graded Salience Hypothesis (Giora, 2002, 2003) and the Literal Salience Model (Cieślicka, 2006, 2015).
Study Of Heritability And Genetic Variability Among Different Plant And Fruit Characters Of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

Heritability, genetic advance, genetic advanced as percentage over mean and genetic variability among different plant and fruit characters of thirty tomato genotypes were studied at Hudeiba Research Station (ARC) during the winter of 2007- 08. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among the genotypes for all tested characters. Fruit weight showed the highest genotypic and phenotypic variance (1642.9 and 1779.1) whereas fruit yield per plant showed the lowest ones (0.17 and 0.39). High genotypic variance was observed for most of the characters indicating more contribution of genetic component for the total variation. Genotypic coefficients of variations (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for fruit weight (0.4885 and 0.4905) whereas the lowest ones were for days to 50% flowering (0.0552 and 0.0665). Higher GCV and PVC were recorded for most of the characters indicating higher magnitude of variability for these characters. The highest heritability was recorded on plant height (97%), while the lowest was for fruit yield per plant (43%). High heritability (broad senses) estimates were observed for all the tested characters indicating that these characters are controlled by additive genes action which is very useful in selection.
A system for embodied social active listening to sound and music content

This article introduces a model and a system for embodied social active listening to sound and music content. The model is based on the simultaneous navigation/exploration of multiple maps, starting from a low-level physical map, up to a high-level emotional, affective map. The paper discusses the concepts underlying such a model, the system implementing it, and two concrete examples: The Orchestra Explorer designed for the Museo degli Strumenti Musicali at Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Roma, Italy, and the interactive dance and music performance The Bow Is bent and Drawn (composer Nicola Ferrari), presented at Casa Paganini, Genova, Italy, in occasion of the opening concert of the 8th Intl. Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME08), June 4, 2008, and in museum interactive experiences at Festival della Scienza, Genova. This work is part of current research at Casa Paganini—InfoMus on embodied social active listening to sound and music content through the analysis and processing of expressiveness in human full-body movement and gesture. A user-centric interactive multimedia system architecture is proposed, operating on prerecorded music. From the perspective of valorization of cultural heritage, this research provides engaging paradigms of interaction with prerecorded music content, enabling a large number of nonexpert users to rediscover the musical heritage (e.g., classical and contemporary music) they may not be familiar with. Research was carried out in the framework of the EU-ICT Project SAME (Sound and Music for Everyone, Everyday, Everywhere, Every Way, www.sameproject.eu, 2008–2010) and has been recently extended to active experience of audiovisual content, and in particular to cultural heritage and museum scenarios: the novel interactive permanent museum exhibition Viaggiatori di Sguardo has been designed and developed at Palazzo Ducale, Genova, enabling visitors to explore virtually the UNESCO Heritage Palazzi dei Rolli in Genova.
Recognition of a Response to Potential Threat: Evidence for a Facial Expression of Anxiety?

Anxiety is widely known to compose symptoms of a considerable number of psychiatric disorders. A previous report suggested a facial expression for anxiety. To replicate and expand on this subject, we tested the accuracy with which observers would match an apparent risk-assessment facial behavior with potentially threatening fictitious scenarios. In an attempt to portray different Brazilian ethnic groups, we first selected as participants three actors and four actresses who had distinct physical characteristics. These participants posed facial expressions in response to the narration of 21 emotional scenarios. Poses were videotaped, from which pictures were extracted to compose answer choices for a 21-item task. Second, 100 observers answered those multiple-choice items by indicating the facial expression that best matched each scenario. We analyzed both the general accuracy for matching scenarios with emotional faces, and the accuracy for matching potential threat scenarios with risk-assessment expressions in comparison with other emotional faces. Results indicated that potential threat scenarios produced distinct facial expressions, characterized by typical environmental scanning facial behavior (related to risk assessment), which were distinguished from other known universal facial expressions of emotions. Our findings suggest that this facial behavior may be related to anxiety in humans. Further studies are needed to confirm the cross-cultural nature of this putative anxiety behavior.
The identification of proteins in the proximity of signal-anchor sequences during their targeting to and insertion into the membrane of the ER

Using a photocross-linking approach we have investigated the cytosolic and membrane components involved in the targeting and insertion of signal-anchor proteins into the membrane of the ER. The nascent chains of both type I and type II signal-anchor proteins can be cross-linked to the 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle. Upon addition of rough microsomes the type I and type II signal-anchor proteins interact with a number of components. Both types of protein interact with an integral membrane protein, the signal sequence receptor, previously identified by its proximity to preprolactin during its translocation (Wiedmann, M., T.V. Kurzchalia, E. Hartmann, and T.A. Rapoport. 1987. Nature [Lond.] 328:830-833). Three proteins, previously unidentified, were found to be cross-linked to the nascent chains of the signal-anchor proteins. Among them was a 37-kD protein that was found to be the main component interacting with the type I SA protein used. These proteins were not seen in the absence of membranes suggesting they are components of the ER. The ability of the nascent chains to be cross-linked to these identified proteins was shown to be abolished by prior treatment with agents known to disrupt translocation intermediates or ribosomes. We propose that the newly identified proteins function either in the membrane insertion of only a subset of proteins or only at a specific stage of insertion.
Design of Tool for Generating UML Analysis Class Diagram

This paper presents a design of a tool for generating Unified Modeling Language (UML) analysis class diagram. The objective of the tool is to assist users in generating analysis class diagram. The tool presents a set of questions to be answered by the users. Based on the answers given from the users, the tool will then generate half-completed analysis class diagram. Step-by-step design approaches are presented to show how the candidate of classes and relationship between classes are captured. The proposed solution is presented using a case study of Food Service Management System.