Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Change in suicide rates for patients with schizophrenia in Denmark, 1981-97: nested case-control study

Abstract Objective To study the change in risk of suicide among patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. Design Nested case-control design with linked data. Setting 4 longitudinal Danish registers. Participants 18 744 people aged up to 75 years who committed suicide in 1981-97 individually matched with 20 controls. Results Over the time studied the reduction in suicide rate among patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorder was similar to that seen in the general population (incidence rate ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.03). The reduction among patients with other psychosis in the schizophrenia spectrum was faster than the reduction seen in the general population. Among people admitted to hospital with schizophrenia the risk of suicide was highest in the first year after first admission, and the excess risk was largest in the younger age groups—that is, the risk decreased per year for every additional year of age. Conclusion The suicide rate among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders has fallen. This may be due to better psychiatric treatment, reduced access to means of suicide, or improvements in treatment after suicide attempts.
Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSoft-tissue infections are common, generally of mild tomodest severity, and are easily treated with a variety ofagents. An etiologic diagnosis of simple cellulitis is fre-quently difﬁcult and generally unnecessary for patientswith mild signs and symptoms of illness. Clinical as-sessment of the severity of infection is crucial, and sev-eral classiﬁcation schemes and algorithms have beenproposed to guide the clinician [1]. However, mostclinical assessments have been developed from eitherretrospective studies or from an author’s own “clinicalexperience,” illustrating the need for prospectivestudieswith deﬁned measurements of severity coupled to man-agement issues and outcomes.Until then, it is the recommendation of this com-mittee that patients with soft-tissue infection accom-panied by signs and symptoms of systemic toxicity (e.g.,fever or hypothermia, tachycardia [heart rate,
Measurement of fasting salivary insulin and its relationship with serum insulin in children

Background Saliva is a useful sample as a source of hormones for the diagnosis of different diseases, particularly in pediatric patients and aged individuals, because saliva offers a noninvasive and stress-free alternative to serum collection. The aim of this study was to validate a salivary insulin method and to check its clinical application in pediatric patients. Methods Saliva samples were collected from 130 boys and 147 girls aged 6–14 years. Salivary and serum insulin levels were measured with the chemiluminescent automated method Access (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Serum blood glucose levels were measured with the glucose oxidase method in an autoanalyzer. Results The precision profile of the method was determined for six aliquots of different concentrations from pools of saliva, and the coefficients of variation (CV) were 2.4% for 1 μUI/ml, 4% for 0.5, 8.9% for 0.25, 19% for 0.12, 28% for 0.06, and 38% for 0.03 μUI/ml, being the functional sensibility (concentration corresponding to a 20% CV) 0.12 μUI/ml. Insulin recovery was 100.13%. Salivary insulin levels diminished 29.8% in samples stored during 7 days at 2–8 °C. Differences in insulin values were not observed when samples were stored at −20 °C during 7 days. The methods used to measure salivary and serum insulin correlated significantly (r=0.92, P<0.001). However, at levels of serum insulin >20 μUI/ml, this correlation declined (r=0.57, P=0.083). Conclusion The proposed method for salivary insulin measurement showed convenient analytical characteristics.
Intensive Behavioral Treatment at School for 4- to 7-Year-Old Children with Autism

This study was designed to evaluate 1 year of intensive treatment for 4- to 7-year-old children with autism. An independent clinician assigned children to either behavioral treatment (n = 13) or eclectic treatment (n = 12). Assignment was based on availability of personnel to supervise treatment and was not influenced by child characteristics or family preference.The two treatment groups received similar amounts of treatment (M = 28.52 hours per week at the child’s school). Children in the behavioral treatment group made significantly larger gains on standardized tests than did children in the eclectic treatment group. Results suggest that some 4- to 7-year-olds may make large gains with intensive behavioral treatment, that such treatment can be successfully implemented in school settings, and that specific aspects of behavioral treatment (not just its intensity) may account for favorable outcomes.
G-Protein Beta3 Subunit C825T Polymorphism in Patients With Overlap Syndrome of Functional Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background/Aims Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3) C825T polymorphism alters intracellular signal transduction, which may lead to motor or sensory abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism with susceptibility to overlap syndrome of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a Korean population. Methods One hundred sixty-seven patients with FD alone, 60 patients with IBS alone, 85 patients with the overlap of FD and IBS, and 434 asymptomatic healthy subjects participated in the study. Genotyping for GNB3 C825T polymorphism was performed using their blood samples. Results No association of GNB3 genotypes in patients with FD alone, IBS alone or overlap phenotype, when compared to genotypes in controls, was detected. The frequency of CT and TT genotypes relative to the CC genotype for the phenotypes of FD alone, IBS alone and the coexistence of FD and IBS did not significantly differ. Comparison of the TT genotype with the CC/CT genotype showed no significant association for each phenotype group. Conclusions There is no apparent association of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism with the susceptibility to FD, IBS or the overlap of FD and IBS. Larger-scale studies and further investigation on other candidate genes are required.
A Survey of Available Cryptosystems

Cryptographic techniques have become a standard component in many communications settings. There is now a wide variety of tools, both in hardware and software, providing encryption for data security and digital signatures for authentication. Almost everyone involved in data transfer encounters these tools in the course of their work. End users may wish to send electronic mail or store data locally without fear that this information can be accessed by unauthorized persons. Hardware and software developers may similarly wish to incorporate encryption or authentication schemes in their products. Because of the dizzying array of options, many users are confronted with questions they may not be prepared to answer: which tools, and more specifically, which algorithms, are most appropriate for a given task? In this article, we survey some commonly available cryptographic algorithms, discuss their security and make recommendations as to which algorithms are best suited to which applications.
Genetic Interactions of DNA Repair Pathways in the Pathogen Neisseria meningitidis

ABSTRACT The current increase in the incidence and severity of infectious diseases mandates improved understanding of the basic biology and DNA repair profiles of virulent microbes. In our studies of the major pathogen and model organism Neisseria meningitidis, we constructed a panel of mutants inactivating genes involved in base excision repair, mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair (NER), translesion synthesis, and recombinational repair pathways. The highest spontaneous mutation frequency among the N. meningitidis single mutants was found in the MutY-deficient strain as opposed to mutS mutants in Escherichia coli, indicating a role for meningococcal MutY in antibiotic resistance development. Recombinational repair was recognized as a major pathway counteracting methyl methanesulfonate-induced alkylation damage in the N. meningitidis. In contrast to what has been shown in other species, meningococcal NER did not contribute significantly to repair of alkylation-induced DNA damage, and meningococcal recombinational repair may thus be one of the main pathways for removal of abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic) sites and strand breaks in DNA. Conversely, NER was identified as the main meningococcal defense pathway against UV-induced DNA damage. N. meningitidis RecA single mutants exhibited only a moderate decrease in survival after UV exposure as opposed to E. coli recA strains, which are extremely UV sensitive, possibly reflecting the lack of a meningococcal SOS response. In conclusion, distinct differences between N. meningitidis and established DNA repair characteristics in E. coli and other species were identified.
The Impact of a Rock Climbing Program for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT It is often a challenge for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as it is for many individuals with disabilities, to participate in activities such as physical education class or community sports with typically developing peers. As such, activities that do not require high skill levels and team environments have been recommended for individuals with ASD. Rock climbing allows individuals of all abilities and skill levels to participate. The purpose of this pilot study was to: (a) explore the impact of a community-based rock climbing intervention on adolescents with ASD, and (b) examine the social validity of rock climbing as a community-based activity for adolescents with ASD. Ten adolescents participated in a 4-week rock climbing program (1x/week). During each session, the following were recorded: (a) a task analysis, (b) resting and working heart rates, and (c) pre/post cancellation test to assess attention. Parents participated in a focus group and completed a social validity scale (IRP-15) following the last session. Demographic and IRP-15 data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exercise intensity was established for each participant using American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, and pre/post-test cancellation test scores were compared using a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The focus group session was transcribed and then reviewed to identify themes among responses. Results indicated that 6/10 participants were working at moderate aerobic capacity. No statistically significant differences were observed in attention test scores, although 6/10 participants improved. All of the parents strongly agreed/agreed that rock climbing was a good activity to address participation.
Mirror, Mirror: Guided Storytelling and Team Reflexivity’s Influence on Team Mental Models

Because substantial evidence supports team mental model similarity as a positive predictor of team performance, it is important that we help team members to develop a shared understanding of relevant team content. The current study extended the list of team mental model antecedents to include guided storytelling as an effective team intervention. In the first known empirical investigation of planned story usage in teams, we broke new methodological ground by pioneering a team intervention to proactively harness the benefits of narrative. Results revealed that the combination of presenting important information in story format and giving members time to reflect upon their strategies had a positive effect on team mental model similarity. In addition, the positive indirect effect of storytelling on team performance via team mental model similarity was stronger when guided team reflexivity was present than absent. These findings provide encouraging evidence for the continued examination of storytelling and reflexivity in teams.
A phenomenological study of the influence of middle level management on upward feedback in a service organisation

vi Table of contents.viii List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiii List of Appendices . xiii CHAPTER 1: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.1.1 Organisational Structure, Leadership and Management . 1 1.1.2 Communication, Feedback and Middle Managers . 2 1.1.3 Upward Feedback and the Effects of Feedback . 4 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 5 1.3 Purpose of the Study . 7 1.4 Research Questions . 7 1.5 Significance of the Study . 8 1.6 Nature of the Study . 8 1.7 Scope and Limitations . 10 1.8 Definition of Terms . 11 1.9 Organisation of the thesis . 13 1.10 Summary . 14 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE RELEVANT LITERATURE . 15 2.1 Organisational Structures . 15 2.1.1 Formal and Informal Structures . 16 2.1.2 Structural Designs . 19 2.1.2.1 Mechanistic designs. 19 2.1.2.2 Organic designs. 19 2.1.3 Organisational Culture . 21 2.1.4 Relevance of Organisational Structures to this Research . 22 2.2 Organisational Roles . 23
Beyond trochaic shortening: A survey of Central Pacific languages

Abstract:An underlying form like /maːli/ is problematic for a stress system requiring word-final, bimoraic trochees. The grammar must sacrifice word-finality or bimoraicity, [(máː)li] or [(máːli)] (tolerating HL#); place stress on the second half of the long vowel, [ma(áli)] (breaking); or shorten the vowel, [(máli)] (trochaic shortening). This article surveys the Central Pacific language family, which hosts the most famous cases of breaking (Tongan) and trochaic shortening (Fijian), and finds that while trochaic shortening is poorly attested, breaking and tolerance are common. There are three findings of theoretical interest. First, length alternations suggest it is difficult to learn contrastive information that is absent in the core member of the morphological paradigm. Second, lexicalization of whole words is a possible response to this difficulty. Third, there is divergence between a language’s root phonotactics and its alternations.
A Markovian approach to distributional semantics with application to semantic compositionality

In this article, we describe a new approach to distributional semantics. This approach relies on a generative model of sentences with latent variables, which takes the syntax into account by using syntactic dependency trees. Words are then represented as posterior distributions over those latent classes, and the model allows to naturally obtain in-context and out-of-context word representations, which are comparable. We train our model on a large corpus and demonstrate the compositionality capabilities of our approach on different datasets.
Tachyon kink on non-BPS Dp-brane in the general background

This paper is devoted to the study of the tachyon kink on the worldvolume of a non-BPS Dp-brane that is embedded in general background, including NS−NS two form B and also general Ramond-Ramond field. We will explicitly show that the dynamics of the kink is described by the equations of motion that arrise from the DBI and WZ action for D(p-1)-brane.
The Bologna Open Cluster Chemical Evolution Project: Midterm Results from the Photometric Sample

We describe a long-term project aimed at deriving information on the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk from a large sample of open clusters. The main property of this project is that all clusters are analyzed in a homogeneous way to guarantee the robustness of the ranking in age, distance, and metallicity. Special emphasis is devoted to the evolution of the earliest phases of the Galactic disk evolution, for which clusters have superior reliability with respect to other types of evolution indicators. The project is twofold: on one hand we derive the age, distance, and reddening (and indicative metallicity) by interpreting deep and accurate photometric data with stellar evolution models, and on the other hand, we derive the chemical abundances from high-resolution spectroscopy. Here we describe our overall goals and approaches and report on the midterm project status of the photometric part, with 16 clusters already studied, covering an age interval from 0.1 to 6 Gyr and galactocentric distances from 6.6 to 21 kpc. The importance of quantifying the theoretical uncertainties by deriving the cluster parameters with various sets of stellar models is emphasized. Stellar evolution models assuming overshooting from convective regions appear to better reproduce the photometric properties of the cluster stars. The examined clusters show a clear metallicity dependence on the galactocentric distance and no dependence on age. The tight relation between cluster age and magnitude difference between the main-sequence turnoff and the red clump is confirmed.
Some Issues in Design of Data Warehousing

Ladjel Bellatreche Kamalakar Karlapalem Department of Computer Science University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong fladjel, kamalg@cs.ust. hk Mukesh Mohania Department of Computer Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5021 U.S.A. mohania@cs.wmich. edu
A Novel Multi-Layer Cooperative Decode and Forward Scheme

Decode-and-forward (DF) is one of the most popular approach to transmit information over a cooperative relay channel. In DF, information coming from different sources is simply combined regardless of their respective link qualities, and thus DF is not optimized for any propagation conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel transmit cooperation scheme that exploits asymmetric link qualities by using layered higher order modulation. A partial forwarding approach is followed by taking advantage of the layered structure: one part of the information is forwarded by a relay for increasing the robustness of the direct link and the rest of the information flows through the boosted direct link. Moreover, our scheme is based on a distributed serially concatenated encoding structure that can accommodate iterative decoding to further improve its performance. The complexity of our scheme is seemingly identical to DF scheme. Performance evaluation shows that our scheme provides a better spectral efficiency in asymmetric propagation conditions than DF scheme for both non-iterative and iterative decoding.
Corpus callosum in first-episode patients with schizophrenia – a magnetic resonance imaging study

Background. Morphometric studies on the corpus callosum (CC) in schizophrenia have yielded contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities of the CC in first-episode patients with schizophrenic psychoses. Method. We assessed volumetric MRI in 31 patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV) and a maximum exposure to neuroleptics of 2 weeks. As a control group, 12 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals were included in the study. A whole body scanner at 1.5 Tesla was used to obtain 3D T1- and T2-weighted MR datasets. The data were evaluated semi-automatically (intracranial volume, total brain volume) and manually (CC) with the software NMRwin. Results. Patients had smaller CC and CC subdivisions than controls. Schizophrenic and unaffected women exhibited larger total CC and rostral subdivisions than men in both groups. Handedness did not exert an influence. Conclusions. Our findings are in line with other in vivo morphometric studies on the CC in schizophrenia. The larger CC area in women may reflect general gender-related differences in CC size as described in healthy individuals.
Allelic Variations at Four Major Maturity E Genes and Transcriptional Abundance of the E1 Gene Are Associated with Flowering Time and Maturity of Soybean Cultivars

The time to flowering and maturity are ecologically and agronomically important traits for soybean landrace and cultivar adaptation. As a typical short-day crop, long day conditions in the high-latitude regions require soybean cultivars with photoperiod insensitivity that can mature before frost. Although the molecular basis of four major E loci (E1 to E4) have been deciphered, it is not quite clear whether, or to what degree, genetic variation and the expression level of the four E genes are associated with the time to flowering and maturity of soybean cultivars. In this study, we genotyped 180 cultivars at E1 to E4 genes, meanwhile, the time to flowering and maturity of those cultivars were investigated at six geographic locations in China from 2011 to 2012 and further confirmed in 2013. The percentages of recessive alleles at E1, E2, E3 and E4 loci were 38.34%, 84.45%, 36.33%, and 7.20%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that allelic variations at each of four loci had a significant effect on flowering time as well as maturity. We classified the 180 cultivars into eight genotypic groups based on allelic variations of the four major E loci. The genetic group of e1-nf representing dysfunctional alleles at the E1 locus flowered earliest in all the geographic locations. In contrast, cultivars in the E1E2E3E4 group originated from the southern areas flowered very late or did not flower before frost at high latitude locations. The transcriptional abundance of functional E1 gene was significantly associated with flowering time. However, the ranges of time to flowering and maturity were quite large within some genotypic groups, implying the presence of some other unknown genetic factors that are involved in control of flowering time or maturity. Known genes (e.g. E3 and E4) and other unknown factors may function, at least partially, through regulation of the expression of the E1 gene.
A molecular phylogeny of Caraganeae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) reveals insights into new generic and infrageneric delimitations

Abstract Based on sequence data of nuclear ITS and plastid matK, trnL-F and psbA-trnH markers, the phylogeny of the subtribes Caraganinae and Chesneyinae in tribe Caraganeae was inferred. The results support the monophyly of each of the subtribes. Within subtribes Caraganinae, Calophaca and Halimodendron are herein transferred into Caragana to ensure its generic monophyly. The subtribe Chesneyinae is composed of four well-supported genera: Chesneya, Chesniella, Gueldenstaedtia and Tibetia. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, distributional and habitat type evidence, the genus Chesneya was divided into three monophyletic sections: Chesneya sect. Chesneya, Chesneya sect. Pulvinatae and Chesneya sect. Spinosae. Chesneya macrantha is herein transferred into Chesniella. Spongiocarpella is polyphyletic and its generic rank is not maintained. The position of Chesneya was incongruent in the nuclear ITS and the plastid trees. A paternal chloroplast capture event via introgression is hypothesized for the origin of Chesneya, which is postulated to have involved the common ancestor of Chesniella (♂) and that of the Gueldenstaedtia – Tibetia (GUT) clade (♀) as the parents.