Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partner Attachment and Interpersonal Characteristics

This study investigated partner attachment and interpersonal characteristics in 134 nonclinical couples in long-term marriages. Irrespective of gender, spouses with greater anxiety over abandonment or discomfort with closeness endorsed dysfunctional relationship beliefs to a greater extent. On the anxiety over abandonment dimension, husbands with higher scores were rated less aggressive, less controlling, and more rebellious, whereas wives with higher scores were rated more dependent, more self-critical, and less competitive. Husbands higher on discomfort with closeness were rated less cooperative and responsible and were rated more aggressive and rebellious. Matched secure couples reported lower marital dissatisfaction than matched insecure or mismatched couples. Future research should contrast samples of nonclinical and clinical couples by marital duration to identify specific partner behaviors that are likely to foster marital dissatisfaction within particular attachment pairings. The authors’ findings suggest the importance of marital therapists being attuned to the attachment-related beliefs and interpersonal styles uniquely operating within each couple.
Enhancing Verbal Creativity via Brief Interventions During an Incubation Interval

Previous studies revealed inconsistent findings about the effects of cognitively low or high demanding interpolated tasks during incubation period on post-incubation creative performance. To explain this contradiction, two intervention tasks were administered (Reflecting on the generated ideas [RF] and the Word puzzle task [WP]), which are supposed to elicit remote associative processes but with varying levels of cognitive demands, along with two verbal control tasks (phonemic fluency task and object characteristics task). A delayed-incubation paradigm was used to assess whether performance on verbal creative problem solving (Alternative Uses Task, AUT) could be stimulated by the applied intervention tasks. The results showed that only RF and WP tasks, but not the control tasks, were associated with significant incubation effects. The findings suggest that the interpolated tasks that were assumed to elicit remote associative processes can unfold beneficial effects on verbal creative problem solving, regardless of whether the task is cognitively low or high demanding.
Between-assay variability of faecal calprotectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits

Background Faecal calprotectin (f-Cp), a marker of intestinal inflammation, can be used to distinguish between functional and organic bowel disease. F-Cp, following extraction, is commonly quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) but there are no data comparing the different f-Cp assays or sample extraction devices. We, therefore, evaluated and compared the performance of the Immunodiagnostik, Bühlmann and Eurospital f-Cp ELISA assays as well as the Roche, Immunodiagnostik and ScheBo Biotech commercial faecal extraction devices. We also briefly report results from a pilot f-Cp external quality assurance (EQA) scheme. Methods Imprecision, linearity, recovery, drift and limit of quantitation of the f-Cp assays were evaluated and between-assay variability assessed. The three commercial sample extraction devices were compared with the manual weighing method. Four faecal samples were distributed as part of a pilot EQA scheme to 15 laboratories using quantitative ELISA f-Cp assays. Results The three f-Cp assays demonstrated adequate intra-/interbatch imprecision, linearity and recovery. The crosscomparison study and EQA data demonstrated that, for the same sample, the Bühlmann assay reports up to 3.8 times higher f-Cp concentrations than the Immunodiagnostik and Eurospital assays. On average, the commercial extraction devices led to a 7.8-28.1% under-recovery of f-Cp in comparison to the manual weighing method. Conclusions Laboratories should be aware of the lack of the assay standardization, as demonstrated by the between-assay variability. A comparison between f-Cp concentrations reported by these assays and clinical markers of disease severity is required in order to determine their diagnostic accuracy. The EQA scheme represents the first available programme for f-Cp.
Ensemble ANN-based recognizers to improve classification of X-bar control chart patterns

Many of the previous research on the control chart pattern recognition were related to fully developed patterns. However, in practice, the process data will appear as a continuous stream of partially developed patterns. Such developing patterns are difficult to recognize since their structure are normally vague and dynamic. This study investigated the merit of a generalized single recognizer (all-class-one-network, ACON), a committee of specialized recognizers (one-class-one network, OCON) and the ensemble of ACON and OCON recognizers. These recognizers were embedded into a monitoring framework to enable on-line recognition. The performance of the schemes was evaluated based on percentage correct classification. The findings suggest that the ensemble of ACON and OCON recognizers with simple summation could significantly improve its discrimination capability. It is concluded that the strategy to configure and consolidate multiple recognizers is very important to achieve good classification performance.
Framework composition: problems, causes and solutions

Reuse of software has been one of the main goals of software engineering for decades. With the emergence of the object-oriented paradigm, an important enabling technology for reuse of larger components became available and resulted in the definition of object-oriented frameworks. The authors', and others', experiences with frameworks have shown that frameworks indeed provide considerable reuse in framework-based application development. However, whereas framework-based application development initially included a single framework, increasingly often multiple frameworks are used in application development. These frameworks have to be composed, but the software engineer may experience a number of problems while doing this, related to (1) composition of framework control, (2) composition with legacy components, (3) framework gap, (4) overlap of framework entities, and (5) composition of entity functionality. The primary causes for these composition problems are related to (1) the cohesion between classes inside each framework, (2) the domain coverage of the frameworks, (3) the design intentions of the framework designers, and (4) the potential lack of access to the source code of the frameworks. Based on the identified problems and causes, they analyse the existing solutions and their limitations.
Interaction of UAG suppressors and omnipotent suppressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Haploids bearing the dominant UAG suppressor, SUP7-a, and various alleles of the omnipotent suppressor sup35 were examined. The presence of the UAG suppressor reduced the efficiency of some alleles of sup35, and caused other sup35 alleles to be lethal. A nonclassical interaction of the dominant suppressor tRNA and the ribosome is proposed to explain these observations.
Diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a multicentre cohort study

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the presentation of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) and identify factors contributing toward misdiagnosis. Methods This was an observational study of cases with a final diagnosis of rAAA assessed at nine Emergency Departments and managed at one of two regional vascular centres in the UK. Results Eighty-five consecutive cases were included. Seventeen [20.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5–28.5%] patients reported important symptoms up to 3 weeks before index presentation. In the Emergency Department, most patients complained of abdominal and/or back pain, seven (8.2%, 95% CI 2.4–14.0%) additionally reported atypical pain and ten (11.8%, 95% CI 4.9–18.7%) denied pain altogether. Hypotension (36.5%, 95% CI 26.3–46.7%), tachycardia (18.8%, 95% CI 10.5–27.1%) and syncope (36.5%, 95% CI 26.3–46.7%) were documented in a minority of cases. Distracting symptoms were present in 33 (38.8%, 95% CI 28.4–49.2%) patients. The median time to diagnosis was 17.5 min (range immediate–12 days), and 21 (25.6%, 95% CI 16.3–34.9%) patients were misdiagnosed during clinical assessment. Conclusion The classical signs and symptoms or rAAA are not always present and patients frequently show additional features that may confound the diagnosis. A high level of suspicion should be adopted for rAAA alongside a low threshold for immediate computed tomography. Further research is required to develop an objective clinical risk score or predictive tool for characterizing patients at risk.
ON THE EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF LABORATORY POLICY EXPERIMENTS

Laboratory experiments have increasingly been used to examine policy questions. An essential issue for using laboratory results to inform policy debates is the “external validity” of the experimental results; that is, does behavior in the laboratory apply more broadly to behavior that occurs in the naturally occurring world? In this regard, laboratory studies are sometimes viewed with skepticism, in large part because the student subjects that are typically used are not seen as representative of the population. Undergraduates may have little experience with the policy initiative being investigated, and their socio-economic backgrounds may differ from that of the general population. We examine the issue of external validity, focusing specifically on laboratory policy experiments on tax compliance behavior. We compare reporting tax compliance behavior of student versus non-student subject pools in identical laboratory experiments. We also compare the behavior of subjects in the laboratory with individuals in the field who must make similar decisions, using proprietary individual-level data derived from income tax audits. Our results largely confirm that observed behavior in the laboratory generalizes beyond the laboratory. In particular, the behavioral responses of students to policy innovations are largely the same as nonstudents. Also, the behavior of subjects in the laboratory is the same as individuals in naturally occurring settings.
Discrimination Against Breastfeeding Mothers in Childcare

This study investigates discrimination against breastfeeding mothers by childcare services in Australia. We conducted a cross sectional survey of 178 Australian childcare services from a population based sample during 2011-12. Analysis examined the awareness of relevant legislation and reported extent of discrimination, and explored relationships between childcare service characteristics, accommodation of breastfeeding, and breastfeeding prevalence. We found that most childcare services are unaware of relevant discrimination laws. Some may discriminate against breastfeeding mothers. Most accommodate breastfeeding, though such support is highly variable. Breastfeeding prevalence in childcare services was higher where specific support for breastfeeding was offered. Barriers to combining breastfeeding with employment include varying levels of breastfeeding support including direct and indirect discrimination by childcare services. This may unnecessarily discourage maternal labour force participation and, to the extent it affects continuation of breastfeeding, adversely effect infant nutrition and health. Discrimination against breastfeeding in childcare has wider implications for efficiency, national productivity and gender equality. JELclassification:�J160;�J13;�J24;�I10�
Gene Polymorphisms in Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

nine to L-citrulline by NO synthase (NOS). Endothelial cells are able to produce NO via endothelial NOS (eNOS), which has an important physiologic role in regulating vascular tone. Moreover, NO modulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and attenuates leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, as well as inhibition of platelet aggregation. NO plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many human cardiovascular diseases. The reduced production and activity of basal NO may predispose to hypertension, thrombosis, vasospasm, and atherosclerosis in humans. The amount of NO production in the vessels may closely correlate with the extent of eNOS expression, as controlled by the eNOS gene. Thus, investigation of the variability of eNOS polymorphisms may elucidate the genetic association with many human vascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases. The polymorphisms of the eNOS gene have been previously investigated in both people of advanced age and among various ethnic groups in association with stroke. Although some of these studies reported conflicting results, the association of eNOS polymorphisms was consistently correlated with stroke. The eNOS gene is located on chromosome 7q35-36 and is comprised of 26 exons spanning 21 kb. Among the several polymorphisms of the eNOS gene, three types have been investigated to detect a link with cerebrovascular disease: the Glu298Asp polymorphism in exon 7, the variable number of tandem repeats [VNTR, 27 bp repeat] polymorphism in intron 4, and the TC polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of eNOS. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which is most commonly recognized in newborn infants during delivery, is a significant cause of severe, long-term neurologic deficits. Impaired cerebral blood flow during perinatal HIE has been demon-
Beware of Finer-Grained Origins

The security policy of browsers provides no isolation between documents from the same origin (scheme, host, and port), even if those documents have different security characteristics. We show how this lack of isolation leads to origin contamination vulnerabilities in a number of browser security features, such as cookies, encryption, and code signing. A tempting approach to fixing these vulnerabilities is to refine the browser’s notion of origin, leveraging the browser’s built-in isolation between security contexts. We demonstrate that attackers can circumvent these “finergrained origins” using the library import and data export features of browsers. We discuss several approaches to preventing these attacks.
Continuous Finite-Time Output Regulation for Disturbed Systems Under Mismatching Condition

In this technical note, the problem of finite-time output regulation control for a class of disturbed system under mismatching condition is investigated via a composite control design manner. The composite controller is developed by using a finite time control technique and a finite time disturbance observer (FTDO). A key idea is to design virtual control laws based on estimation values of the disturbances and the ith (1 ≤ i ≤ n - 1 where n is the order of the system) order derivative of disturbances. Finite time stability analysis for the augmented system is presented by means of Lyapunov stability theorems, which shows that the system output is regulated to zero in finite time even in the presence of mismatched disturbances. A motion control application demonstrates the effectiveness and attractive properties of the proposed method.
Structural Covariates of Gang Homicide in Large U.S. Cities

Objectives: This study examined the structural covariates of gang homicide in large U.S. cities and whether the structural conditions associated with gang homicide differed from non-gang homicide. Methods: Several national data sources were used to gather information on the structural conditions of the 88 largest U.S. cities, including the U.S. Census Bureau, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, Uniform Crime Report, and National Gang Center. Negative binomial regression was used to model the relationship between the structural conditions of cities and homicide rates. Results: Socioeconomic deprivation, official rates of gang membership, and population density explained between-city variability in gang homicide rates. In addition, quadratic associations were observed for socioeconomic deprivation and population density. Equality of coefficients tests revealed that the structural covariates of gang homicide differed in magnitude from non-gang homicide. Conclusions: Prior to this study, the etiology of gang homicide was found to differ from other homicide types in terms of event characteristics and sub-city correlates. This macro-level study extended this line of research to cities, providing evidence that the structural correlates of violence operated differently for gang homicide.
Purification and characterization of a primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from two strains of Clostridium beijerinckii

Two primary alcohols (1-butanol and ethanol) are major fermentation products of several clostridial species. In addition to these two alcohols, the secondary alcohol 2-propanol is produced to a concentration of about 100 mM by some strains of Clostridium beijerinckii. An alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been purified to homogeneity from two strains (NRRL B593 and NESTE 255) of 2-propanol-producing C. beijerinckii. When exposed to air, the purified ADH was stable, whereas the partially purified ADH was inactivated. The ADHs from the two strains had similar structural and kinetic properties. Each had a native M(r) of between 90,000 and 100,000 and a subunit M(r) of between 38,000 and 40,000. The ADHs were NADP(H) dependent, but a low level of NAD(+)-linked activity was detected. They were equally active in reducing aldehydes and 2-ketones, but a much lower oxidizing activity was obtained with primary alcohols than with secondary alcohols. The kcat/Km value for the alcohol-forming reaction appears to be a function of the size of the larger alkyl substituent on the carbonyl group. ADH activities measured in the presence of both acetone and butyraldehyde did not exceed activities measured with either substrate present alone, indicating a common active site for both substrates. There was no similarity in the N-terminal amino acid sequence between that of the ADH and those of fungi and several other bacteria. However, the N-terminal sequence had 67% identity with those of two other anaerobes, Thermoanaerobium brockii and Methanobacterium palustre. Furthermore, conserved glycine and tryptophan residues are present in ADHs of these three anaerobic bacteria and ADHs of mammals and green plants.
Connectionist Learning for Control: An Overview

|This report is an introductory overview of learning by connectionist networks, also called arti cial neural networks, with a focus on the ideas and methods most relevant to the control of dynamical systems. It is intended both to provide an overview of connectionist ideas for control theorists and to provide connectionist researchers with an introduction to certain issues in control. The perspective taken emphasizes the continuity of the current connectionist research with more traditional research in control, signal processing, and pattern classi cation. Control theory is a well{developed eld with a large literature, and many of the learning methods being described by connectionists are closely related to methods that already have been intensively studied by adaptive control theorists. On the other hand, the directions that connectionists are taking these methods have characteristics that are absent in the traditional engineering approaches. This report describes these characteristics and discusses their positive and negative aspects. It is argued that connectionist approaches to control are special cases of memory{intensive approaches, provided a su ciently generalized view of memory is adopted. Because adaptive connectionist networks can cover the range between structureless lookup tables and highly constrained model{ based parameter estimation, they seem well{suited for the acquisition and storage of control information. Adaptive networks can strike a balance between the tradeo s associated with the extremes of the memory/model continuum. y The author acknowledges the support of the Air Force O ce of Scienti c Research, Bolling AFB, through grant AFOSR{87{0030, which made this chapter possible, and the support of the King's College Research Centre, King's College Cambridge, England, where much of it was written. Special appreciation is expressed to Chuck Anderson, Judy Franklin, Mike Jordan, Mitsuo Kawato, Rich Sutton, and Paul Werbos for useful discussions of the material presented in this chapter and many helpful suggestions on improving its presentation. This report is based on a talk given at the NSF Workshop on Neurocontrol, University of New Hampshire, October 1988. A version of this report will appear in Neural Networks for Control, T. Miller, R. S. Sutton, and P. J. Werbos (Eds.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Physiological and Transcriptome Responses to Combinations of Elevated CO2 and Magnesium in Arabidopsis thaliana

The unprecedented rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and injudicious fertilization or heterogeneous distribution of Mg in the soil warrant further research to understand the synergistic and holistic mechanisms involved in the plant growth regulation. This study investigated the influence of elevated CO2 (800 μL L−1) on physiological and transcriptomic profiles in Arabidopsis cultured in hydroponic media treated with 1 μM (low), 1000 μM (normal) and 10000 μM (high) Mg2+. Following 7-d treatment, elevated CO2 increased the shoot growth and chlorophyll content under both low and normal Mg supply, whereas root growth was improved exclusively under normal Mg nutrition. Notably, the effect of elevated CO2 on mineral homeostasis in both shoots and roots was less than that of Mg supply. Irrespective of CO2 treatment, high Mg increased number of young leaf but decreased root growth and absorption of P, K, Ca, Fe and Mn whereas low Mg increased the concentration of P, K, Ca and Fe in leaves. Transcriptomics results showed that elevated CO2 decreased the expression of genes related to cell redox homeostasis, cadmium response, and lipid localization, but enhanced signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, NBS-LRR disease resistance proteins and subsequently programmed cell death in low-Mg shoots. By comparison, elevated CO2 enhanced the response of lipid localization (mainly LTP transfer protein/protease inhibitor), endomembrane system, heme binding and cell wall modification in high-Mg roots. Some of these transcriptomic results are substantially in accordance with our physiological and/or biochemical analysis. The present findings broaden our current understanding on the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and Mg levels in the Arabidopsis, which may help to design the novel metabolic engineering strategies to cope with Mg deficiency/excess in crops under elevated CO2.