Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfonoglycolipids from the lichenized basidiomycete Dictyonema glabratum: isolation, NMR, and ESI-MS approaches.

Two distinct sulfonoglycolipid fractions were isolated from the basidiolichen Dictyonema glabratum by chromatography on Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose, which resulted in rapid elution, followed by partition between aqueous sulfuric acid and an ethyl acetate-methanol-chloroform mixture and the content of the organic layer chromatographed of a column of silicic acid. The products were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in their native rather than their acetylated forms, as in previous investigations. Each was methanolyzed to give the same methyl glycoside, Me-G. On electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), it provided a pseudomolecular ion at m/z 303 in the positive-ion mode and a molecular ion at m/z 257 with a daughter ion at m/z 146 in the negative-ion mode, showing the presence of a sulfonate group S-linked to a hexosyl ring. An exclusively alpha-glucopyranosyl configuration was indicated by (1)H, (1)H correlation spectroscopy (COSY) and (1)H, (1)H total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY). S-substitution occurred at CH(2)-6, because a high-field (13)C signal at delta 52.6 gave an inverted distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) signal and (1)H, (3)C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) showed correlation with two H-6 signals. This 6-sulfono-alpha-quinovopyranoside group was present in the glycolipid fractions, O-alpha-D-Quip-6-sulfono-(1'<-->1)-2,3-diacyl-D-glycerol (polar fraction 1a; PF1a) and O-alpha-D-Quip-6-sulfono-(1'<-->1)-2- or -3-monoacyl-D-glycerol (polar fraction 1b; PF1b), the monoacyl derivatives not having been previously completely characterized in other systems. All components are typical of plant glycolipids. The most abundant fatty acid ester in PF1a and PF1b was C(16:0). Other esters present in PF1a were C(14:0), C(17:0), C(18:0), C(18:1) (oleic), C(20:0), C(21:0), and C(24:0), in contrast with C(14:0), C(17:0), C(18:0), and C(20:0) in PF1b. HMQC and TOCSY data can be used as fingerprints for detection of glycosylacylglycerides and sulfonoglycolipids and the positive ESI-MS ions at m/z 329 and 271 for identification of the latter.
Brief article Re-evaluating evidence for linguistic relativity: Reply to Boroditsky (2001) q

Six unsuccessful attempts at replicating a key finding in the linguistic relativity literature [Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought? : Mandarin and English speakers’ conceptions of time. Cognitive Psychology, 43, 1–22] are reported. In addition to these empirical issues in replicating the original finding, theoretical issues present in the original report are discussed. In sum, we conclude that Boroditsky (2001) provides no support for the Whorfian hypothesis.
Models of Other-Regarding Preferences, Inequality, and Redistribution

Despite the increasing popularity of comparative work on other-regarding preferences, the implications of different models of altruism are not always fully understood. This article analyzes different theoretical approaches to altruism and explores what empirical conclusions we should draw from them, paying particular attention to models of redistribution preferences where inequality explicitly triggers other-regarding motives for redistribution. While the main contribution of this article is to clarify the conclusions of these models, we also illustrate the importance of their distinct implications by analyzing Western European data to compare among them. We draw on individual-level data from the European Social Survey fielded between September 2002 and December 2013. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science Volume 21 is May 11, 2018. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Accelerated Charge Metrics in D-Dimensions

We consider the D dimensional Einstein Maxwell theory with a null fluid. We obtain a complete set of differential conditions that are necessary for finding solutions. We examine the case of vanishing pressure and cosmological constant in detail. For this specific case, we give the metric, the electromagnetic vector potential and the fluid energy density. This is, in fact, the generalization of the well known Bonnor-Vaidya solution to arbitrary D dimensions. We show that due to the acceleration of charged sources, there is an energy flux in D ≥ 4 dimensions and we give the explicit form of this energy flux formula.
SVM and Boosting : One Class

We show via an equivalence of mathematical programs that a Su pport Vector (SV) algorithm can be translated into an equivalent boos ting-like algorithm and vice versa. We exemplify this translation procedure for a new algorithm — one-class Leveraging — starting from the one-class Support Vector Machines (1SVM). This is a first step towards unsupervised learning in a B oosting framework. Building on so-called barrier methods known from the theory f constrained optimization, it returns a function, written as a convex combina tion of basis hypotheses, that characterizes whether a given test point is likely to have been generated from the distribution underlying the training data. Simula tions on one-class classification problems demonstrate the usefulness of our appro ch.
The Deceptively Simple N170 Reflects Network Information Processing Mechanisms Involving Visual Feature Coding and Transfer Across Hemispheres

A key to understanding visual cognition is to determine where, when and how brain responses reflect the processing of the specific visual features that modulate categorization behavior—the what. The N170 is the earliest Event-Related Potential (ERP) that preferentially responds to faces. Here, we demonstrate that a paradigmatic shift is necessary to interpret the N170 as the product of an information processing network that dynamically codes and transfers face features across hemispheres, rather than as a local stimulus-driven event. Reverse-correlation methods coupled with information-theoretic analyses revealed that visibility of the eyes influences face detection behavior. The N170 initially reflects coding of the behaviorally relevant eye contralateral to the sensor, followed by a causal communication of the other eye from the other hemisphere. These findings demonstrate that the deceptively simple N170 ERP hides a complex network information processing mechanism involving initial coding and subsequent cross-hemispheric transfer of visual features.
Prevalence and consequences of nutritional depletion in lung transplant candidates.

Nutritional status was studied in lung transplant (LT) candidates. The hypotheses were that nutritional depletion was highly prevalent and lean body mass depletion was a risk factor for a higher mortality both before and after LT. Of 78 consecutive patients listed for LT, 16 (21%) died while on the waiting list, eight (10%) were alive awaiting LT, and 54 (69%) received a graft. Mean age was 42.3+/-4.4 (mean+/-SD). Thirty-eight per cent had a diagnosis of bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis (BRO/CF), 33% of emphysema, 20% of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 8% of primary pulmonary hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) was 20.4+/-4.3 kg.m2, weight was 87.9+/-16.6% of ideal body weight (IBW). Patients were classed into four nutritional groups according to IBW and creatinine height index (CHI): 1: weight <90% IBW and CHI <60% of predicted (28% of cases); II: weight <90% IBW and CHI > or =60% (27%); III: weight > or =90% IBW and CHI <60% (17%); IV: weight > or =90% IBW and CHI > or =60% (28%). Overall, 72% were depleted corresponding to groups 1, II and III. Lean body mass depletion occurred despite normal weight in 17% of the cases (group III). Subjects with BRO/CF were mostly in groups 1, II, III whereas IPF were concentrated in group II. Lean body mass depletion was associated with more severe hypoxaemia, reduced 6-minute walking distance and a higher mortality while awaiting. After LT, duration of mechanical ventilation, time spent in intensive care unit (ICU) was related to initial body composition. Survival after LT was lowest in group III. To conclude, nutritional depletion in lung transplant candidates is highly prevalent and should be more precisely assessed with a special reference to lean body mass since it has specific consequences both while awaiting and after lung transplant. Attempts should be made to increase lean body mass before lung transplant.
Geometric quantization on CR manifolds

Let $X$ be a compact connected orientable CR manifold of dimension greater than five with the action of a connected compact Lie group $G$. Assuming that the Levi form of $X$ is positive definite near the inverse image $Y$ of $0$ by the momentum map and that the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operator has closed range on the reduction $Y/G$, we prove that there is a canonical Fredholm operator between the space of global $G$-invariant $L^2$ CR functions on $X$ and the space of global $L^2$ CR functions on the reduction $Y/G$.
Acupuncture Modulates the Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Stroke Patients

Abundant evidence from previous fMRI studies on acupuncture has revealed significant modulatory effects at widespread brain regions. However, few reports on the modulation to the default mode network (DMN) of stroke patients have been investigated in the field of acupuncture. To study the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the DMN of stroke patients, eight right hemispheric infarction and stable ischemic stroke patients and ten healthy subjects were recruited to undergo resting state fMRI scanning before and after acupuncture stimulation. Functional connectivity analysis was applied with the bilateral posterior cingulate cortices chosen as the seed regions. The main finding demonstrated that the interregional interactions between the ACC and PCC especially enhanced after acupuncture at GB34 in stroke patients, compared with healthy controls. The results indicated that the possible mechanisms of the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the DMN of stroke patients could be interpreted in terms of cognitive ability and motor function recovery.
CLUMP MASS SPECTRA OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS

We present clump mass spectra of the seven molec- ular clouds L1457, MCLD 126:6+24:5, NGC 1499SW, Orion B South, S140, M17SW, and NGC 7538, which were derived by a Gaussian clump decomposition algorithm from large scale isotopomeric CO maps. We discuss in detail the reliability of the mass spectra de- rived by studying their dependence on the control parameters of the decomposition algorithm. All clump mass spectra found are consistent with a power law, dN=dM / M , with between 1.6 and 1.8. Due to the different resolution of the observations and the different dis- tances of the clouds, the clump masses range from several 10 4 M in NGC 7538 down to 10 4 M, less than the mass of Jupiter, in the nearby cloud L1457. The large dynamic range covered by the observations is reflected by the high number of clumps found in each cloud, which lie between 100 and 1300. The spectral index of the clump mass distributions thus is inde- pendent of the wide range of physical properties of the clouds studied. In particular, there are no indications of a turnover of the clump mass power law index at a characteristic clump mass suchastheJeansmass,belowwhichtheclumpsbecomegravita- tionally unbound. This is particularly emphasized by the clump properties in L1457 most of which are clearly substellar and which are far from being gravitationally bound objects.
VIEW FROM THE PENNINES: STRANGE NONCHAOTIC ATTRACTORS

Living just under the moor, I have always known that drainage can cause problems. There are a number of obvious culverts near the house, and a well and sump in the front garden. But it was not until we excavated to create more space around the front door that we discovered the true extent of the drainage system, which must be Victorian if not older. There is a culvert running parallel to the house fed by several smaller drains which run directly down the slope of the hill. They are independent of the well, and lead to a larger culvert. The culverts are lined with dry stone walling, and have large ag stones on top, presumably to prevent earth falling into them. The extent of the system is a surprise, and shows how important drainage has been to the house and barn. Life is full of such surprises, which often provide the opportunity to re-evaluate the assumptions we make about things we take for granted. After a while, the surprise wears o and the lesson learned is assimilated into a new picture of the world. Over the past few years I have experienced this in my understanding of objects in dynamical systems called strange nonchaotic attractors (SNA), and which have properties often associated with chaotic dynamics despite their name. Examples of SNA are found in many di erence equations of the form
Electro-Acupuncture at Neiguan Pretreatment Alters Genome-Wide Gene Expressions and Protects Rat Myocardium against Ischemia-Reperfusion

This study investigated genome-wide gene expressions and the cardioprotective effects of electro-acupuncture pretreatment at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (SO), I/R, electro-acupuncture at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint pretreatment (EA) and electro-acupuncture at non-acupoint pretreatment (NA). Compared with the I/R group, the survival rate of the EA group was significantly increased, the arrhythmia score, infarction area, serum concentrations of CK, LDH and CK-Mb and plasma level of cTnT were significantly decreased. RNA-seq results showed that 725 genes were up-regulated and 861 genes were down-regulated under I/R conditions compared to the SO group; both EA and NA reversed some of these gene expression levels (592 in EA and 238 in NA group). KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in multiple pathways, including ECM, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, cytokine and leukocyte pathways. In addition, some pathways were uniquely regulated by EA, but not NA pretreatment, such as oxidative stress, cardiac muscle contraction, gap junction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, hypertrophic, NOD-like receptor, and P53 and B-cell receptor pathways. This study was first to reveal the gene expression signatures of acute myocardial I/R injury and electro-acupuncture pretreatment in rats.
Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer.

Laboratory and clinical data indicate an antitumor effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) on prostate cancer. High calcium intake suppresses formation of 1,25(OH)2D from 25(OH)D, thereby decreasing the 1,25(OH)2D level. Ingestion of fructose reduces plasma phosphate transiently, and hypophosphatemia stimulates 1,25(OH)2D production. We thus conducted a prospective study among 47,781 men of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study free of cancer in 1986 to examine whether calcium and fructose intake influenced risk of prostate cancer. Between 1986 and 1994, 1369 non-stage A1 and 423 advanced (extraprostatic) cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed. Higher consumption of calcium was related to advanced prostate cancer [multivariate relative risk (RR), 2.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-5.50 for intakes > or = 2000 mg/day versus < 500 mg/day; P, trend, 0.002] and metastatic prostate cancer (RR, 4.57; CI, 1.88-11.1; P, trend, <0.001). Calcium from food sources and from supplements independently increased risk. High fructose intake was related to a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer (multivariate RR, 0.51; CI, 0.33-0.80, for intakes > 70 versus < or = 40 g/day; P, trend, 0.007). Fruit intake was inversely associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43-0.93; for > 5 versus < or = 1 serving per day), and this association was accounted for by fructose intake. Non-fruit sources of fructose similarly predicted lower risk of advanced prostate cancer. A moderate positive association between energy-adjusted fat intake and advanced prostate cancer was attenuated and no longer statistically significant when controlled for calcium and fructose. Our findings provide indirect evidence for a protective influence of high 1,25(OH)2D levels on prostate cancer and support increased fruit consumption and avoidance of high calcium intake to reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer.
Endovascular Treatment of 429 Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Using Bare-Platinum Coils : Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes at the Long-term Follow-up

Objective We reviewed the feasibility, safety and efficacy as well as the clinical outcome and long-term angiographic results of endovascular treatment (EVT) of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. Methods A total of 429 ACoA aneurysms in 426 patients were treated using coil embolization between March 1996 and October 2010 in a single institution. Pretreatment aneurysmal features were checked using angiogram. We had usually used tailored steam shaped microcatheter according to individual angiographic architectures. Immediate postembolization outcomes were evaluated using an angiographic outcome scale and clinical evaluation was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results Postembolization angiograms demonstrated total occlusion of aneurysm in 290 of 429 (67.6%) aneurysms, neck remnant in 80 (18.6%) and body filling in 59 (13.8%). Dome direction and aneurysm angle was not associated with initial angiographic outcomes. The procedure-related morbidity rate was 0.9% (4 of 429). Clinical and imaging follow-up more than 6 months were available in 382 (89.0%) patients with a mean of 26.2 months. Overall rate of major recanalization was 7.9% (30 of 382) and all of them were retreated without complications. At the last follow-up, 233 (99.2%) of 235 patients had GOS of 5 in unruptured group, and 152 (79.5%) of 191 patients showed good clinical outcomes (GOS of 4 or 5) in ruptured group. Conclusion Tailored steam shaping of the microcatheter is vital to achieve good angiographic outcomes regardless of aneurysmal direction. EVT is feasible and safe for most ACoA aneurysms with acceptable immediate and long-term outcomes.
Playing Challenging Iterated Two-Person Games Well: A Case Study on the Iterated Traveler’s Dilemma

We study an interesting 2-player game known as the Iterated Traveler’s Dilemma, a non-zero sum game in which there is a large number of possible actions in each round and therefore an astronomic number of possible strategies overall. What makes the Iterated TD particularly interesting is that it defies the usual prescriptions of classical game theory insofar as what constitutes an “optimal” strategy. In particular, TD has a single Nash equilibrium, yet that equilibrium corresponds to a very low payoff, essentially minimizing social welfare. We propose a number of possible strategies for ITD and perform a thorough comparison via a round-robin tournament in the spirit of Axelrod’s well-known work on the Prisoner’s Dilemma. We motivate the choices of “players” that comprise our tournament and then analyze their performance with respect to several metrics. Finally, we share some interesting conclusions and outline directions for
Relationships between threshold-based PROP sensitivity and food preferences of Tunisians

The extent to which taste responses--and notably the genetically determined sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP)--influences food preferences and food use is still a matter of debate. We addressed the issue on the basis of a behavioural and anthropological study performed in Tunis in 1999. The working sample consists of 123 adults of both sexes (38 men, 85 women), aged 19-59, in various social categories. Taste recognition thresholds for sucrose, fructose, sodium chloride, quinine hydrochloride, citric acid, tannic acid, oak tannin and PROP were determined by presenting, in a semi-randomised order (blind-test), series of graded aqueous solutions of each product. Subjects also tasted and rated the pleasantness/unpleasantness of 4 supra-threshold solutions of NaCl and sucrose. All subjects completed a checklist of 43 food items representative of Tunisian diet, rated in terms of flavour, cost, effect on health and prestige on a labelled affective magnitude scale. According to the underlying distribution of PROP thresholds, the subjects were separated into three categories: "non-tasters", "medium-threshold tasters", and "low-threshold tasters". Results bring out the specificity of low-threshold tasters, as exhibiting a greater taste sensitivity for most tested substances. Low-threshold taster status is also linked to higher mean food preferences ratings irrespective of sex, age and socio-cultural influences. Tasters as a group (medium-threshold tasters + low-threshold tasters) do not exhibit a higher percentage of food dislikes; however PROP sensitivity is negatively correlated with hedonic responses to NaCl solutions. These results together with the evidence of a limited set of food actually used by low-threshold tasters suggest that these subjects might have difficulties at overcoming an inherent neophobia.
Visual effects of lesions of cortical area V2 in macaques

Ibotenic acid lesions were placed in two monkeys in a portion of cortical area V2 that corresponds to a lower quadrant of the visual field extending approximately 3–7 degrees from the fovea. For purposes of comparison, another lesion was placed in area V1 in one animal. A wide range of visual capacities were then measured, using a discrimination between vertical and horizontal orientation, in and near the affected regions of the visual field. Visual acuity declined sharply as the test stimulus approached the visual field location corresponding to the V1 lesion, and no threshold could be measured at its center. In contrast, lesions of area V2 caused no measurable decrease in acuity, nor was there any substantial effect on several measures of contrast sensitivity. Subsequently, two types of more complex visual discriminations were measured (also using a vertical- horizontal discrimination), and these discriminations were severely disrupted by V2 lesions. The first discrimination was of the orientation of two parallel lines of five colinear dots each. We measured the number of background dots that would bring the discrimination to threshold, and this number of dots was greatly decreased by a V2 lesion. The second discrimination was of the orientation of a group of three distinctive texture elements embedded in a six by six element texture. This task could not be done in the visual field region affected by the V2 lesion when the distinctive elements differed in orientation from the others. Control experiments showed that the discrimination could be done when the three distinctive elements differed in size or color. These results suggest that cortical area V2 is not needed for some low-level discriminations, but may be essential for tasks involving complex spatial discriminations.
Sequential Coding of Gauss-Markov Sources over Packet-Erasure Channels with Feedback

We consider the problem of sequential transmission of Gauss-Markov sources over packet-erasure channels with a possibly delayed output feedback. For the case of instantaneous feedback, we determine the optimal squared error distortions for given transmission rates for all time instants, and construct a scheme that achieves all of them simultaneously. This establishes the optimal rate-distortion region for sequential coding of Gauss--Markov sources without packet erasures, as a special case. For the case of delayed feedback, we connect the problem to that of compression with side information that is known at the encoder and may be known at the decoder - where the most recent packets serve as side information that may have been erased. We conclude the paper by demonstrating that the loss due to a delay by one time instant is rather small.