Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Staying the Course? Challenges in Implementing Evidence-Based Programs in Community Mental Health Services

This paper focuses on the second phase of the deinstitutionalisation of mental health care in which the development of community-based interventions are supposed to be implemented in local community mental health care systems. The challenge to sustainable implementation is illustrated by the Swedish case where the government put forward a national training program that sought to introduce Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) for people with severe mental illness. This study is based on document analysis and qualitative interviews with actors at the national, regional, and local levels covering a total of five regions and 15 municipalities that participated in the program. The analysis of the national experiences is put in relation to both research on public administration and policy analysis as well as to current research on implementation of evidence-based programs. The results showed a “drift” of the original model, which had already begun at the policy formulation stage and ended up in a large number of different local arrangements where only a few of the original components of ACT remained. We conclude that issues with implementation can only be fully understood by considering factors at different analytical levels.
Implementation of an Evidence‐based Feeding Protocol and Aspiration Risk Reduction Algorithm

Aspiration pneumonia is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation and enteral tube feedings. It results in increased patient mortality, increased length of hospital stay, and increased healthcare costs. This article describes an evidence-based practice approach to the creation of an enteral feeding protocol and an aspiration risk reduction algorithm. These tools were piloted in a Medical Intensive Care Unit at a Midwest tertiary care center. Chart audits show an increase in the percentage of patients who reach their goal rate for enteral feedings from 78% to 85%. Reported aspiration pneumonias decreased from an average count of 4.8 patients per month to 4.3 per month and ventilator-associated pneumonia rates decreased from 6.8 to 3.2 per 1000 patient days.
Multilevel Functional Principal Component Analysis for High-Dimensional Data

We propose fast and scalable statistical methods for the analysis of hundreds or thousands of high-dimensional vectors observed at multiple visits. The proposed inferential methods do not require loading the entire dataset at once in the computer memory and instead use only sequential access to data. This allows deployment of our methodology on low-resource computers where computations can be done in minutes on extremely large datasets. Our methods are motivated by and applied to a study where hundreds of subjects were scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at two visits roughly five years apart. The original data possess over ten billion measurements. The approach can be applied to any type of study where data can be unfolded into a long vector including densely observed functions and images. Supplemental materials are provided with source code for simulations, some technical details and proofs, and additional imaging results of the brain study.
A simple method to determine fat cell size and number in four mammalian species.

DI GIROLAMO, MARIO, SHELDON MENDLINGER, AND JOHN W. FERTIG. A simple method to determine fa t cell size and number in four mammalian species. Am. J. Physiol. 221 (3) : 850458. 1971 . -Adipose tissue from various fat depots in four mammalian species was characterized in terms of mean fat cell size (diameter and volume), relative dispersion in fat cell size, and fat cell number by a method based on direct microscopic determination of the diameter of isolated fat cells. The degree of precision of the various operations involved and of the final estimates of fat cell size and number were evaluated and found to be within acceptable limits. The morphology of the adipose cells was studied in ad libitum-fed rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, and dogs at different stages of development. In each species, enlargement of the fat cells in a given adipose depot led to fat cell populations that were more homoqenous in size. In the rat, at an earlier stage of development (2 mdnths of age), considerable interdepot differences were found with regard to fat cell size and number in four different locations of the adipose organ. These findings indicate the general applicability of this methodology to the characterization of adipose tissue in mammalian species. In addition, this study suggests that heterogeneity in size of a fat cell population is a measurable parameter which should further as a guide to the expansion of the adipose organ. be studied
Hemispheric Specialization within the Superior Anterior Temporal Cortex for Social and Nonsocial Concepts

Studies of semantic dementia, imaging, and repetitive TMS have suggested that the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) underpin a modality-invariant representational hub within the semantic system. Questions remain, however, regarding functional specialization across a variety of knowledge domains within the ATL region. We investigated direct evidence for the functional relevance of the superior ATL in processing social concepts. Using converging evidence from noninvasive brain stimulation and neuropsychology, we demonstrate graded differentiation of right and left superior anterior temporal areas in social cognition. Whereas the left superior ATL is necessary for processing both social and nonsocial abstract concepts, social conceptual processing predominates in the right superior ATL. This graded hemispheric specialization is mirrored in the patient results. Our data shed new light on the classic debate about hemispheric differences in semantic and social cognition. These results are considered in the context of models of semantic representation and the emerging data on connectivity for left and right ATL regions.
Response to Fusarium culmorum inoculation in barley

In field tests replicated in 2004 and 2005, 32 cultivars of spring barley were assessed for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) by single floret inoculation and spray inoculation with Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. It was found that the weather conditions in individual years affect to a large extent the progression of FHB and production of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). At the same time, in both years the cultivars reacted to F. culmorum infection similarly with respect to areas under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values and content of mycotoxin DON. Spraying inoculation led to stronger infection. The biggest differences in AUDPC values were observed between the cultivars Brise and Celinka, and weak reaction was found in the cultivars Kompakt and Madonna. The cultivars Kompakt and Tolar were most resistant towards FHB. In both monitored years the variety Ludan contained the lowest amounts of mycotoxin DON. Cultivars with high infection and low DON content (r = 0.78) showed weak positive relationship between resistance to FBH and accumulation of DON (concentration 70–200 mg/kg). This is the first information on FHB and in vivo concentrations of DON in certificated barley cultivars in Slovakia.
Research on Water Treeing in Polymeric Insulating Materials

Experimental and theoretical investigations for water treeing have been performed on polymeric insulating materials subjected to ac and dc stresses. It was experimentally and theoretically presumed that no water trees are initiated in polymeric insulating materials when applying dc voltage. However, water trees have been found in polymeric insulating materials even under the influence of dc stress. To determine the effects of water trees upon a cable's life in service is now a serious problem in the world. The status of research for water trees performed so far in Japan will be presented first, and then future work will be suggested.
Genetic and environmental factors in conjunctival UV autofluorescence.

IMPORTANCE Conjunctival UV autofluorescence (CUVAF) photography was developed to detect and characterize preclinical sunlight-induced ocular damage. Ocular sun exposure has been related to cases of pterygia and was recently negatively correlated with myopia. Hence, CUVAF has excellent potential as an objective biomarker of sun exposure. However, much variation in CUVAF has been observed, and the relative contributions of genes and environment to this variation have not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE To investigate sources of variation in CUVAF in relation to its potential clinical relevance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3 population-based cohort studies in the general community, including the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania, the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study, and the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. The twin studies were conducted between 2001 and 2009, and the 20-year follow-up of the Raine Study was completed between March 2010 and February 2012. We included genotypic and phenotypic data from 295 Australian families in the Tasmanian and Brisbane twin studies and from 661 participants in the 20-year follow-up of the Raine Study. We compared CUVAF levels in the 3 cohorts and performed a classic twin study to partition variation in CUVAF. We also conducted a genome-wide association analysis to identify specific genetic variants associated with CUVAF. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The total area of CUVAF, heritability of CUVAF, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CUVAF from the genome-wide association study. RESULTS Within twin cohorts, individuals living closer to the equator (latitude, 27.47° S) had higher levels of CUVAF compared with individuals from southern regions (latitude, 42.88° S) (median [interquartile range], 45.4 [26.8-68.5] vs 28.7 [15.0-42.3] mm2; P < .001). The variation in CUVAF explained by the additive genetic component was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.22-0.56), whereas the variation due to the common environment was 0.50 (95% CI; 0.29-0.71). The SNP rs1060043, located approximately 800 base pairs away from the SLC1A5 gene, a member of the solute carrier family 1, had a genome-wide significant association with a P value of 3.2 × 10-8. Gene-based analysis did not improve our power to detect association with other genes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings confirm that, although a large environmental component to CUVAF (equivalent of sun exposure) exists, genes also play a significant role. We identified a SNP (rs1060043) as being significantly associated with CUVAF; replication of this finding in future studies is warranted.
Surgical Management of Ulcerative Colitis in the Era of Biologicals

Purpose:Proctocolectomy has been a curative option for patients with severe ulcerative colitis. In recent years, there has been a growing use of medical salvage therapy in the management of patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. We aimed at reviewing the role of surgical management in a time of intensified medical management on the basis of published trial data. The aim was to determine the efficacy of aggressive medical versus surgical management in achieving multifaceted treatment goals. Methods:A comprehensive search of Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane database was performed. Abstracts were evaluated for relevance. Selected articles were then reviewed in detail, including references. Recommendations were then drafted based on evidence and conclusions in the selected articles. Results:The majority of patients with UC will not need surgery. However, steroid-refractoriness and steroid-dependence signal a subset of patients with more challenging disease. Biological therapy has been shown to achieve short-term improvement and temporarily reduce the need for a colectomy. However, there is a substantial financial and medical price to pay because a high fraction of these salvaged patients will still need a curative colectomy but may be exposed to the negative impact of prolonged immunosuppression, chronic illness, and a higher probability to require 3 rather than 2 operations. Proctocolectomy with ileo-anal pouch anastomosis—performed in 1, 2, or 3 steps depending on the patient's condition—remains the surgical procedure of choice. Even though it has its share of possible complications, it has been associated with excellent long-term outcomes and high levels of satisfaction, such that in the majority of patients they become indistinguishable from unaffected normal individuals. Conclusions:The current data demonstrate that use of medical salvage therapy in the treatment of UC will likely continue to grow and evolve. Consensus is being developed to better define and predict failure of medical therapy and clarify the role of the different treatment modalities. For many patients, sacrificing the nonresponsive diseased colon is an underused or unnecessarily delayed chance to normalize their health and life. Biologicals in many instances may have to be considered the bridge to that end.
Confusability Effects in Masked Form Priming MANUEL PEREA

Most computational models of visual word recognition incorporate letter-position coding schemes according to which transposed-letter (TL) nonwords (e.g., jugde) are only moderately similar to their base words (e.g., judge). Nonetheless, TL nonwords are often misperceived as their base words, especially when the transposition of the letters occurs in middle positions (Chambers, 1979; O’Connor & Forster, 1981). To examine these issues further, we conducted three masked form priming experiments using a lexical decision task. In Experiment 1, form-related primes could be TL-internal nonwords, TLfinal nonwords or the corresponding orthographic controls (e.g., uhser vs. ufner, ushre vs. ushno; the target would be USHER). Masked TL-internal primes produced a significant form priming effect (30 ms) relative to their orthographic control condition, an effect that was greater than the priming effect for TL-final primes (13 ms). Experiments 2 and 3 replicated these findings with a different set of prime-target conditions and a different set of items, respectively. Taken together, the results show that form priming effects can be found for TL primes relative to the appropriate orthographic control condition and that these effects are larger when the letter transposition is internal to the word than when it involves the final two letters. We discuss the implications of these results for the choice of a letter-position coding scheme in visual word recognition models.
Review of Outcome Measurement Instruments in Alzheimer's Disease Drug Trials: Psychometric Properties of Global Scales

The use of global outcome measures with strong psychometric properties in Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug trials is encouraged. This article focuses on Clinician Global Impression of Change scales, the Clinical Dementia Rating, and the Global Deterioration Scale to provide (1) a review of psychometric properties, (2) a critique of how these properties are assessed in the literature, and (3) a basis for evaluating, from the standpoint of psychometric properties, the appropriateness of using a given global scale in a drug trial. Reported reliability and validity estimates for the aforementioned scales range from fair to very good, but small sample sizes and/or inappropriate measures of correlation weaken the quality of the evidence. There is also a dearth of published information on responsiveness to change. Researchers planning AD drug trials should consider these issues, along with the interval between test administrations for test-retest reliability, to help select appropriate global outcome measurement instruments. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2000; 13:197-205).
Online multicast with egalitarian cost sharing

We consider a multicast game played by a set of selfish noncooperative players (i.e., nodes) on a rooted undirected graph. Players arrive one by one and each connects to the root by greedily choosing a path minimizing its cost; the cost of using an edge is split equally among all users using the edge. How large can the sum of the players' costs be, compared to the cost of a "socially optimal" solution, defined to be a minimum Steiner tree connecting the players to the root? We show that the ratio is O(log2 n) and ©(log n), when there are n players. One can view this multicast game as a variant of Online Steiner Tree with a different cost sharing mechanism. Furthermore, we consider what happens if the players, in a second phase, are allowed to change their paths in order to decrease their costs. Thus, in the second phase players play best response dynamics until eventually a Nash equilibrium is reached. We show that the price of anarchy is O(log 3 n) and ©(log n). We also make progress towards understanding the challenging case where arrivals and path changes by existing terminals are interleaved. In particular, we analyze the interesting special case where the terminals fire in random order and prove that the cost of the solution produced (with arbitrary interleaving of actions) is at most O(polylog(n)√n) times the optimum.
Global parametrization of range image sets

We present a method to globally parameterize a surface represented by height maps over a set of planes (range images). In contrast to other parametrization techniques, we do not start with a manifold mesh. The parametrization we compute defines a manifold structure, it is seamless and globally smooth, can be aligned to geometric features and shows good quality in terms of angle and area preservation, comparable to current parametrization techniques for meshes. Computing such global seamless parametrization makes it possible to perform quad remeshing, texture mapping and texture synthesis and many other types of geometry processing operations. Our approach is based on a formulation of the Poisson equation on a manifold structure defined for the surface by the range images. Construction of such global parametrization requires only a way to project surface data onto a set of planes, and can be applied directly to implicit surfaces, nonmanifold surfaces, very large meshes, and collections of range scans. We demonstrate application of our technique to all these geometry types.
Dynamic Integration of Background Knowledge in Neural NLU Systems

Common-sense or background knowledge is required to understand natural language, but in most neural natural language understanding (NLU) systems, the requisite background knowledge is indirectly acquired from static corpora. We develop a new reading architecture for the dynamic integration of explicit background knowledge in NLU models. A new task-agnostic reading module provides refined word representations to a task-specific NLU architecture by processing background knowledge in the form of free-text statements, together with the task-specific inputs. Strong performance on the tasks of document question answering (DQA) and recognizing textual entailment (RTE) demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of our approach. Analysis shows that our models learn to exploit knowledge selectively and in a semantically appropriate way.
Velocity control for safe robot guidance based on fused vision and force/torque data

We present a method for securing guided robot motions in terms of human/robot cooperation. For this, we limit the maximum allowable velocity of the robot based on the distance to the human or to the next obstacle and generate the effective velocity using guidance informations provided by the interacting human. Therefore, we fuse the two heterogenous data types of a camera and a force torque sensor. The cameras are used to monitor the robot's workspace applying a difference image method. Given this obstacle information, distances are calculated between the robot and humans or objects in the environment respectively. The distance within each image is determined via an extended difference image method. The distances acquired from each camera are fused to approximate the real robot to object distance within the workspace. This distance regulates the maximum allowable velocity of the robot. The force/torque sensor provides the guidance information, i.e. amount, direction of the force and moment. This information is used to generate the robot's movement taking the maximum allowable velocity into consideration
Do Antidepressants Lower the Prevalence of Lithium-associated Hypernatremia in the Elderly? A Retrospective Study

Background Clinically important measures of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) such as hypernatremia have not been well-studied. This is especially relevant for the elderly who, in comparison to younger adults, may become symptomatic and require hospitalization with relatively small elevations in sodium levels. We hypothesized that antidepressant use, which has been associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, has a protective effect against lithium-associated hypernatremia in the elderly. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 55 geriatric psychiatry outpatients followed at tertiary-care hospitals. Patients using lithium and antidepressants were compared with those using lithium alone for prevalence rates of hypernatremia during a 15-year observational period. Results The prevalence of hypernatremia was less in patients who had concurrent use of lithium and antidepressants, as compared to lithium alone 3/35 (8.6%) vs. 8/20 (40%), OR 0.14, p = . 011. Conclusions Our results suggest that elderly lithium patients are less likely to develop hypernatremia if they are taking antidepressants concurrently. Whether antidepressants may be useful in the prevention of lithium-associated hypernatremia should be assessed in future prospective observational or treatment studies.
High-Density Lipoprotein Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Reendothelialization via Scavenger Receptor-B Type I

Vascular disease risk is inversely related to circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the mechanisms by which HDL provides vascular protection are unclear. The disruption of endothelial monolayer integrity is an important contributing factor in multiple vascular disorders, and vascular lesion severity is tempered by enhanced endothelial repair. Here, we show that HDL stimulates endothelial cell migration in vitro in a nitric oxide-independent manner via scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI)-mediated activation of Rac GTPase. This process does not require HDL cargo molecules, and it is dependent on the activation of Src kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Rapid initial stimulation of lamellipodia formation by HDL via SR-BI, Src kinases, and Rac is also demonstrable. Paralleling the in vitro findings, carotid artery reendothelialization after perivascular electric injury is blunted in apolipoprotein A-I−/− mice, and reconstitution of apolipoprotein A-I expression rescues normal reendothelialization. Furthermore, reendothelialization is impaired in SR-BI−/− mice. Thus, HDL stimulates endothelial cell migration via SR-BI-initiated signaling, and these mechanisms promote endothelial monolayer integrity in vivo.