Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading trajectories of children with language difficulties from preschool through fifth grade.

PURPOSE The current work examined which theory of reading development, the cumulative reading trajectory or the compensatory trajectory of development, most accurately represents the reading trajectories of children with language difficulties (LD) relative to their peers with typical language (TL) skills. Specifically, initial levels of reading skills, overall rate of growth, and patterns of growth were examined. METHOD Children were classified according to whether or not they exhibited LD at 54 months of age (LD n = 145; TL n = 653), using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Early Child Care Research Network (see NICHD, 1993). A latent shape growth curve model was used to model reading skills at 4 time points from preschool through fifth grade. RESULTS In comparison to children with TL, children with LD showed lower reading skills in preschool, but their overall reading growth was faster. All children developed the skills associated with reading more rapidly at earlier ages compared to later ages. Children with LD continued to exhibit reading skills that were substantially lower than those of children with TL during fifth grade. CONCLUSION Results supported the compensatory trajectory of development. Speech-language pathologists are encouraged to adopt evidence-based practices in order to boost reading outcomes for children with LD beginning in preschool.
Power Displays Between Women and Men in Discussions of Gender-Linked Tasks: A Multichannel Study

We conducted a multichannel investigation of how gender-based familiarity moderates verbal and nonverbal behaviors between men and women. Undergraduates in 24 mixed-sex dyads discussed masculine, feminine, and non-gender-linked topics. The primary dependent variables were verbal and nonverbal behaviors related to social power. The verbal behaviors examined were speech initiations and total amount of speech; the nonverbal behaviors studied were visual behavior (while speaking and while listening), gesturing, chin thrusts, and smiling. As expected, systematic differences in the behaviors of men and women emerged on the gender-linked tasks. On the masculine task men displayed more verbal and nonverbal power-related behavior than did women. On the feminine task women exhibited more power than men on most of the verbal and nonverbal measures. Also as predicted, on the non-gender-linked task men displayed greater power both verbally and non verbally than did women. There were two exceptions to this overall pattern. Across all conditions, women smiled more often than did men, and men had a higher frequency of chin thrusts than did women.
Polymorphisms FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs1801282 and ADIPOQ rs4632532 and rs182052 but not lifestyle are associated with obesity related-traits in Mexican children

Abstract Concerning the genetic factors of obesity, no consistent association between populations has been reported, which may be due to the frequency of polymorphisms, the lifestyle of studied populations and its interaction with other factors. We studied a possible association of polymorphisms FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs1801282, and ADIPOQ rs4632532 and rs182052 with obesity phenotypes in 215 Mexican children. Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured. In addition, weight, height, waist circumference and triceps skin thickness were recorded. High-energy diets and sedentary behavior were evaluated with a validated questionnaire. In contrast with other reports, only FTO rs9939609 was associated with obesity related-traits, including BMI (p = 0.03), waist circumference (p = 0.02), triceps skinfold (p = 0.03) and waist/height ratio (p = 0.01), and also with cholesterol levels (p = 0.02) and LDL (p = 0.009). Lower levels of triglycerides (p=0.04) were related with presence of PPARG rs1801282, while ADIPOQ rs4632532 showed an effect on HDL (p = 0.03) levels. On the other hand, diet, physical activity and screen time were not related with obesity. In summary, only FTO rs9939609 was associated with obesity related-traits, while PPARG2 rs1801282 and ADIPOQ rs4632532 were involved in lipid metabolism.
Distant field blue horizontal branch stars and the mass of the Galaxy – II. Photometry and spectroscopy of UKST candidates 16 < B < 19.5, 11 < R < 52 kpc

This is the second in a series of papers presenting a new calculation of the mass of the Galaxy based on radial velocities and distances for a sample of faint 16 < B < 21.3 field blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars. We present accurate BV CCD photometry and spectra for 142 candidate A-type stars selected from ubjr photometry of UK Schmidt telescope plates in six high-Galactic-latitude fields. Classification of these candidates produces a sample of 60 BHB stars at distances of 11-52 kpc from the Sun (mean 28 kpc), with heliocentric line-of-sight velocities accurate to 15 km s -1 , and distance errors <10 per cent. We provide a summary table listing coordinates and velocities of these stars. The measured dispersion of the radial component of the Galactocentric velocity for this sample is 108 ± 10 km s -1 , in agreement with a recent study of the distant halo by Sirko and coworkers. Measurements of the Ca II K line indicate that nearly all the stars are metal-poor with a mean [Fe/H] = -1.8 with dispersion 0.5. Subsequent papers will describe a second survey of BHBs to heliocentric distances 70 < R < 125 kpc and present a new estimate of the mass of the Galaxy.
ERSOM: A Structural Ontology Matching Approach Using Automatically Learned Entity Representation

As a key representation model of knowledge, ontology has been widely used in a lot of NLP related tasks, such as semantic parsing, information extraction and text mining etc. In this paper, we study the task of ontology matching, which concentrates on finding semantically related entities between different ontologies that describe the same domain, to solve the semantic heterogeneity problem. Previous works exploit different kinds of descriptions of an entity in ontology directly and separately to find the correspondences without considering the higher level correlations between the descriptions. Besides, the structural information of ontology haven’t been utilized adequately for ontology matching. We propose in this paper an ontology matching approach, named ERSOM, which mainly includes an unsupervised representation learning method based on the deep neural networks to learn the general representation of the entities and an iterative similarity propagation method that takes advantage of more abundant structure information of the ontology to discover more mappings. The experimental results on the datasets from Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI1) show that ERSOM achieves a competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art ontology matching systems. The OAEI is an international initiative organizing annual campaigns for evaluating ontology matching systems. All of the ontologies provided by OAEI are described in OWL-DL language, and like most of the other participates our ERSOM also manages the OWL ontology in its current version. OAEI: http://oaei.ontologymatching. org/
Medial Temporal Theta/Alpha Power Enhancement Precedes Successful Memory Encoding: Evidence Based on Intracranial EEG

Not only poststimulus, but also prestimulus neural activity has been shown to be predictive for later successful memory encoding. However, it is still not clear which medial temporal lobe processes precede effective memory formation. Here, our aim was to investigate whether such prestimulus markers for successful memory encoding can be specified based on intracranial recordings directly from the hippocampus and rhinal cortex. For this purpose, we analyzed subsequent memory effects during a continuous word recognition paradigm in 31 presurgical epilepsy patients. We found that rhinal and hippocampal theta and successive alpha power enhancement before word presentation predicted successful memory encoding. Previous studies suggest that stimulus-triggered hippocampal theta activity is particularly related to memory retrieval and activation of a mnemonic context, whereas the alpha rhythm reflects inhibitory top-down control of task processing and executive functioning. In line with these suggestions, we propose that the observed medial temporal theta and alpha power increases before stimulus presentation reflect activation of contextual information and inhibitory top-down control processes preparing for stimulus-triggered memory processing.
Validation of Satellite Borne Lidar Systems by Ground Based and Airborne Instruments

espanolDos sistemas lidar que miden parametros atmosfericos han sido colocados en satelites. El primero era LITE, un experimento de prueba de concepto que volo en el trasbordador espacial en setiembre de 1994. El segundo es el lidar GLAS montado en el satelite ICESat cuyo meta principal es la medida de cambios en las capas de hielo de Groenlandia y Antardida, pero tambien realiza mediciones de las alturas de nubes y la estructura vertical de nubes y aerosoles. El satelite CALIPSO, que formara parte de la constelacion de satelites llamada ? A-Train, ? llevara a bordo tres instrumentos. Uno de ellos es CALIOP, un lidar dedicado a estudios de aerosoles y nubes. Presentamos una descripcion de los tres sistemas y las validaciones de sus productos cientificos. Palabras clave: lidar, satelite, peroles, nubes, validacion. EnglishTwo satellite borne lidar systems to measure atmospheric parameters have been deployed and one is scheduled for launch this year. The first system was LITE a “proof of concept” lidar on Space Shuttle mission STS-64 in September 1994. The second is the GLAS system on ICESat, whose purpose is primarily to measure changes in elevation of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, but it also gives determinations of cloud heights and the vertical structure of clouds and aerosols. The CALIPSO satellite, which will be a part of the A-train constellation of satellites, has three instrument on board. One of these is CALIOP, a lidar system dedicated to studies of aerosols and clouds. We describe these three systems and validations of their science products.
Reconsolidation and Extinction of Conditioned Fear: Inhibition and Potentiation

NMDA receptors are important for the acquisition, reconsolidation, and extinction of memories. NMDA receptor antagonists impair these memory processes, whereas the partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) potentiates both learning and extinction. Here, we used DCS and the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-SH-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) to investigate the effects of enhancing and blocking NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission on the reconsolidation and extinction of a conditioned fear memory. Either long extinction training or short memory reactivation sessions were used to preferentially engage extinction and reconsolidation processes, respectively. MK-801 blocked extinction to maintain high levels of conditioned freezing, and DCS potentiated extinction to reduce freezing, when they were administered before a long extinction training session. However, the opposite behavioral outcome was observed when the brief memory reactivation session was used: MK-801 administration impaired, whereas DCS increased, freezing, likely reflecting impairment and enhancement of reconsolidation, respectively. Finally, by using localized intracerebral infusions, we showed that the basolateral amygdala is a primary locus of action of systemically administered DCS. Thus, intrabasolateral amygdala DCS potentiated both the extinction and the reconsolidation of fear conditioning, depending on the length of the extinction/memory reactivation session. Therefore, memory reconsolidation can be both disrupted and enhanced, and extinction can be both potentiated and impaired, either to reduce or increase conditioned fear. These results have important implications for the use of reconsolidation blockade and potentiation of extinction as treatment strategies for maladaptive memory disorders.
Viremia Associated with Fatal Outcomes in Ferrets Infected with Avian H5N1 Influenza Virus

Avian H5N1 influenza viruses cause severe disease and high mortality in infected humans. However, tissue tropism and underlying pathogenesis of H5N1 virus infection in humans needs further investigation. The objective of this work was to study viremia, tissue tropism and disease pathogenesis of H5N1 virus infection in the susceptible ferret animal model. To evaluate the relationship of morbidity and mortality with virus loads, we performed studies in ferrets infected with the H5N1 strain A/VN/1203/04 to assess clinical signs after infection and virus load in lung, brain, ileum, nasal turbinate, nasal wash, and blood. We observed that H5N1 infection in ferrets is characterized by high virus load in the brain and and low levels in the ileum using real-time PCR. In addition, viral RNA was frequently detected in blood one or two days before death and associated with symptoms of diarrhea. Our observations further substantiate pathogenicity of H5N1 and further indicate that viremia may be a bio-marker for fatal outcomes in H5N1 infection.
Geometric classification of the torsion tensor of space‐time

Torsion appears in literature in quite different forms. Generally, spin is considered to be the source of torsion, but there are several other possibilities in which torsion emerges in different contexts. In some cases a phenomenological counterpart is absent, in some other cases torsion arises from sources without spin as a gradient of a scalar field. Accordingly, we propose two classification schemes. The firstone is based on the possibility to construct torsion tensors from the product of a covariant bivector and a vector and their respective space‐time properties. The secondone is obtained by starting from the decomposition of torsion into three irreducible pieces. Their space‐time properties again lead to a complete classification. The classifications found are given in a U 4, a four dimensional space‐time where the torsion tensors have some peculiar properties. The irreducible decomposition is useful since most of the phenomenological work done for torsion concerns four dimensional cosmological models. In the second part of the paper two applications of these classification schemes are given. The modifications of energy‐momentum tensors are considered that arise due to different sources of torsion. Furthermore, we analyze the contributions of torsion to shear, vorticity, expansion and acceleration. Finally the generalized Raychaudhuri equation is discussed.
Never too old: engaging retired people inventing the future with MaKey MaKey

Within HCI, aging is often viewed in terms of designing assistive technologies to improve the lives of older people, such as those who are suffering from frailty or memory loss. Our research adopts a very different approach, reframing the relationship in terms of wisdom, creativity and invention. We ran a series of workshops where groups of retirees, aged between early 60s and late 80s, used the MaKey MaKey inventor's toolkit. We asked them to think about inventing the future and suggest ideas for new technologies. Our findings showed that they not only rose to the challenge but also mastered the technology, collaborated intensely together while using it and freely and at length discussed their own, their family's and others' relationship with technology. We discuss the value of empowering people in this way and consider what else could be invented to enable more people to be involved in the design and use of creative technologies.
Sensory interaction during perception of verbal signs (experimental study)

This paper deals with the problem of multimodal perception of verbal signs. Human perception is multimodal. The study of multimodal texts and multimodal perception of words is a step towards the study of multimodal perception in general. The author presents information about a series of experiments aimed at identifying the influence of background audio information on the perception of visual information. The article touches a leading modality in multimodal perception of verbal stimulus.
The MAPPINGS III Library of Fast Radiative Shock Models

We present a new library of fully radiative shock models calculated with the MAPPINGS III shock and photoionization code. The library consists of grids of models with shock velocities in the range vs = 100–1000 km s−1 and magnetic parameters B/n1/2 of 10−4 to 10 μG cm3/2 for five different atomic abundance sets and for a preshock density of 1.0 cm−3. In addition, solar abundance model grids have been calculated for densities of 0.01, 0.1, 10, 100, and 1000 cm−3 with the same range in vs and B/n1/2. Each model includes components of both the radiative shock and its photoionized precursor, ionized by the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray radiation generated in the radiative gas. We present the details of the ionization structure, the column densities, and the luminosities of the shock and its precursor. Emission-line ratio predictions are separately given for the shock and its precursor as well as for the composite shock+precursor structure to facilitate comparison with observations in cases in which the shock and its precursor are not resolved. Emission-line ratio grids for shock and shock+precursor are presented on standard line ratio diagnostic diagrams, and we compare these grids to observations of radio galaxies and a sample of AGNs and star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This library is available online, along with a suite of tools to enable the analysis of the shocks and the easy creation of emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams. These models represent a significant increase in parameter space coverage over previously available models and, therefore, provide a unique tool in the diagnosis of emission by shocks.
QSQL2: Query language support for logic-based similarity conditions on probabilistic databases

ProQua is a new probabilistic database system which combines information retrieval concepts with database technologies. In contrast to other state-of-the-art probabilistic database systems ProQua supports logic-based and weighted similarity conditions within its query language by a generic similarity operator. In this work we introduce the ProQua query language QSQL2 by presenting its syntax, semantics and query capabilities. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the main components of ProQua.
Dependence of Bacterial Chemotaxis on Gradient Shape and Adaptation Rate

Simulation of cellular behavior on multiple scales requires models that are sufficiently detailed to capture central intracellular processes but at the same time enable the simulation of entire cell populations in a computationally cheap way. In this paper we present RapidCell, a hybrid model of chemotactic Escherichia coli that combines the Monod-Wyman-Changeux signal processing by mixed chemoreceptor clusters, the adaptation dynamics described by ordinary differential equations, and a detailed model of cell tumbling. Our model dramatically reduces computational costs and allows the highly efficient simulation of E. coli chemotaxis. We use the model to investigate chemotaxis in different gradients, and suggest a new, constant-activity type of gradient to systematically study chemotactic behavior of virtual bacteria. Using the unique properties of this gradient, we show that optimal chemotaxis is observed in a narrow range of CheA kinase activity, where concentration of the response regulator CheY-P falls into the operating range of flagellar motors. Our simulations also confirm that the CheB phosphorylation feedback improves chemotactic efficiency by shifting the average CheY-P concentration to fit the motor operating range. Our results suggest that in liquid media the variability in adaptation times among cells may be evolutionary favorable to ensure coexistence of subpopulations that will be optimally tactic in different gradients. However, in a porous medium (agar) such variability appears to be less important, because agar structure poses mainly negative selection against subpopulations with low levels of adaptation enzymes. RapidCell is available from the authors upon request.
Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and W-135: carriage and immunity in Burkina Faso, 2003.

OBJECTIVES We sought to describe Neisseria meningitidis immunity and its association with pharyngeal carriage in Burkina Faso, where N. meningitidis serogroup W-135 and serogroup A disease are hyperendemic and most of the population received polysaccharide A/C vaccine during 2002. METHODS We collected oropharyngeal swab samples from healthy residents of Bobo-Dioulasso (4-14 years old, n=238; 15-29 years old, n=250) monthly during February-June 2003; N. meningitidis isolates were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and serogrouped using immune sera. Serum samples were collected at the first and last clinic visit and analyzed for anti-A, anti-C, anti-W-135, and anti-Y immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and anti-A and anti-W-135 bactericidal titers. RESULTS N. meningitidis was carried at least once by 18% of participants; this carriage included strains from serogroups W-135 (5%) and Y and X (both <1%) but not from serogroups A, B, or C. At baseline, the prevalence of putatively protective specific IgG concentrations (> or =2 microg/mL) and bactericidal titers (> or =8) was 85% and 54%, respectively, against serogroup A, and 6% and 22%, respectively, against serogroup W-135. Putatively protective anti-W-135 IgG concentrations and bactericidal titers were of short duration and were not associated with carriage. CONCLUSION N. meningitidis serogroup W-135 strains did not induce immunity, despite their circulation. Carriage of serogroup A strains was rare despite the hyperendemic incidence of serogroup A meningitis during 2003 in Bobo-Dioulasso. A vaccine that includes serogroup W-135 antigen and eliminates serogroup A carriage is needed for sub-Saharan Africa.