Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Nutrition Education in Improving Dietary Pattern During Pregnancy Based on Pender's Health Promotion Model: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Different types of nutrients in adequate amounts are required to meet the increased demands of the mother and the developing fetus. Therefore, we examined the impact of nutrition education on the number of food servings per day. Materials and Methods: Pregnant mothers were recruited to a prospective, randomized clinical trial from May to September, 2016. At 6–10 weeks of gestation, the participants were randomly divided into the intervention (n = 96) or the control group (n = 96), and were followed-up until the end of pregnancy. Each woman in the experimental group met the study nutritionist at the time of enrollment and an individualized nutrition plan was developed. In addition, the nutrition education based on Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) was designed, including three 45–60 min training sessions in 6–10, 18, and 26 weeks of pregnancy. The participants' usual food intake using a three-day dietary record was assessed at 6–10 weeks and 34–36 weeks of gestation. Results: The mean scores of the perceived benefits, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences (husband support), and commitment to action increased while the competing demand scores decreased in the interventional group compared with the control group. The mean standard deviation (SD) of food portions from grain [10.40 (1.96) versus 12.70 (1.93) in the control group], vegetable [3.88 (1.33) versus 2.96 (0.91)], fruit [4.02 (0.05) versus 3.95 (0.91)], dairy [2.33 (0.68) versus 2.11 (0.45)], and meat [3.17 (0.68) versus 2.96 (0.67)] were improved in the experimental group. Conclusions: Pender's HPM for nutrition education is effective based on the compliance of pregnant women to the dietary guideline and the food guide pyramid.
Identification of management development needs: a comparison across companies of different ownership – foreign, joint venture and local in Sri Lanka

This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation of seventy-eight human resource managers employed in seventy-eight wholly foreign-owned, foreign and local joint venture and wholly local-owned export-oriented clothing manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. The study investigated human resource managers' views on whether organizations identify development needs of managers, and, if so, from what sources. The findings of the study shed light on the identification of management development needs and on differences across companies of different ownership. The data revealed evidence of the existence of the identification of development needs of managers in the industry. Organizational strategies, succession plans and performance appraisal give rise to identify development needs of managers, other than requests from both heads of divisions/immediate superior managers who like their subordinates to be developed and managers themselves who desire to develop. Further, the results of the analysis of variance revealed that in certain aspects there are significant differences in the identification of development needs of managers. The results and implications of the findings are discussed.
A VARX Modelling of Energy Intensity Interactions between China, the United States, Japan and EU

This study attempts to predict energy intensity interactions between China, the United States, Japan and EU by developing a restricted VARX model by proposing energy intensities of the countries interact with each others, and gross domestic product (GDP) levels per capita and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil-based current energy prices affect energy intensities of the countries based upon the direction of group causalities. There exist significant causal interactions between energy intensities of the countries up to lag five either increasing efficiency or not. China's current GDP level affects its own energy use and EU's energy intensity positively, on the other way; EU's current GDP level affects only China's energy intensity while Japan's current GDP level only affects its own energy intensity negatively, ceteris paribus. It is found that OPEC oil-based current energy prices only affect the United States' energy intensity but not others' energy intensity, ceteris paribus, for the period of 1971–2009. Evaluating cumulative effects of energy intensities of all countries, it is found that each country has experienced higher energy intensity and consumed energy less efficiently even there have been existing new technology-embodied equipments used and alternative energy sources developed in energy consumption for the years.
What Future for Employment

Contemporary society is increasingly confronted with the socio‐economic problems generated by what has been described as the end of industrial society and its transition to a post‐industrial society. The most immediate symptom of this transition process is the high rate of unemployment being experienced by all the advanced industrialised nations. The aggregate percentage of the labour force unemployed in April 1978 in Canada was 8.6; in Italy 6.8; in Belgium 10.4; in Great Britain 5.8; in West Germany 4.4; and in the United States 6.0.
Some things never change

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Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Arterial Stiffness

In this review, we discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms and the role of arterial stiffness as a biomarker, a blood pressure–independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of different antihypertensive drug classes on noninvasively assessed markers of arterial stiffness are also discussed. Current evidence will be reviewed regarding the effect of drugs on arterial stiffness, including the peripheral and central effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, beta blockers (including vasodilating beta blockers), diuretics, and mineralocorticoid antagonists.
Are classical option pricing models consistent with observed option second-order moments? Evidence from high-frequency data.

As a means of validating an option pricing model, we compare the ex-post intra-day realized variance of options with the realized variance of the associated underlying asset that would be implied using assumptions as in the Black and Scholes (BS) model, the Heston, and the Bates model. Based on data for the S&P 500 index, we find that the BS model is strongly directionally biased due to the presence of stochastic volatility. The Heston model reduces the mismatch in realized variance between the two markets, but deviations are still significant. With the exception of short-dated options, we achieve best approximations after controlling for the presence of jumps in the underlying dynamics. Finally, we provide evidence that, although heavily biased, the realized variance based on the BS model contains relevant predictive information that can be exploited when option high-frequency data is not available.
Share Price Disparity in Chinese Stock Markets

The presence of price disparity between A- and H- shares suggests that the two markets are segmented and thus allocation of capital is inefficient. In this paper, we attempt to identify the factors contributing to the price disparity, with a view to helping policymakers find solutions to the problem. Our results suggest that the disparity is caused by a combination of micro and macro factors. The fact that some of these factors are found to have played a crucial role in determining the disparity implies that reforms that can remove or reduce the segmentation can potentially bring considerable benefits by improving price discovery and market efficiency.
Segregation and Mistrust: Diversity, Isolation, and Social Cohesion

Book in progress under contract to Cambridge University Press) arguing that diversity does not drive down trust, but that residential segregation does reduce both trust and altruistic behavior. Concentrated minorities are more likely to develop a strong identity that supercedes a national sense of identification (trust in people who are different from oneself) and to build local institutions and political bodies that enhance this sense of separateness. Geographical isolation may breed in-group identity at the expense of the larger society. Segregation may also lead to greater political organization by minority groups, which can establish their own power bases in opposition to the political organizations dominated by the majority group as their share of the citizenry grows. In diverse settings I find support for a far stronger linkage between segregation and trust than for diversity and trust. And trust has consequences, as I argued in Uslaner (2002), most notably altruistic deeds. I consider not only the roots of trust, but also how diversity and segregation shape volunteering and giving to charity. I employ data from national surveys in the United States, among whites, African-Americans, and Latinos, as well as from the United Kingdom and Sweden, and Canada. I also estimate models using aggregate data from American cities using recently developed measures of residential segregation to support my theoretical claim that segregation creates conditions that should lead to lower trust. Finally, I consider how segregation might lead to either fewer altruistic acts – or to altruistic behavior primarily benefitting one’s own in-group. Segregation, however, is not exogenous: Whites generally prefer to live in white neighborhoods. Minorities may prefer to live in mixed neighborhoods, but often face discrimination in housing and the simple reluctance of whites to live among them. Whites who are more trusting are more likely to favor living in integrated neighborhoods – so the direction of the linkage between trust and segregation may not be so clear, perhaps limiting the impact of integrated neighborhoods on trust.
Advocacy Advertising and the Boundaries of Commercial Speech

Abstract Advocacy advertising has become an often-used means for corporations to express their viewpoints on a variety of controversial issues. Recent events make it unclear whether advocacy advertising may be viewed as political (editorial) speech and, therefore, outside the regulatory controls of the Federal Trade Commission. This article discusses the current state of advocacy advertising by reviewing the criteria proposed (and/or used) by the courts, regulatory agencies, and advertising/marketing scholars in determining the regulatory boundaries of this form of advertising. In addition, the article proposes additional criteria that may be helpful in making such a determination.
Does Gibrat's Law Hold? Evidence from Canadian Retail and Manufacturing Firms

This paper investigates the validity of Gibrat’s Law holding for firms in manufacturing and retail trade sectors. The object is to expand our knowledge of Gibrat’s Law to include non-manufacturing firms. A unique longitudinal firm-level database, which contains information on Canadian incorporated establishments, enables the inter-industry comparison. The findings of the analysis are that Gibrat’s Law is violated in both manufacturing and retail sectors. Violations of Gibrat’s Law for both sectors include (i) growth rates that depend on firm size (ii) growth variability that depends on firm size and (iii) a negative persistence of firm growth. Finally, age effects or selection effects are not the causes of these violations.
Posed and spontaneous expression distinguishment from infrared thermal images

In this paper, we try to distinguish between the posed and spontaneous facial expressions through infrared thermal images. Firstly, six statistical features are extracted from the temperature difference matrices between the apex and onset facial expression frames in each facial subregion. Secondly, the thermal differences between the posed facial expressions and spontaneous ones are analyzed by a Paired-Samples T-test. Thirdly, Bayesian Networks are adopted to classify posed and spontaneous expressions based on these temperature statistical features. Experimental results on the thermal subdatabase of the USTC-NIVE demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of posed and spontaneous expression recognition through facial temperature changes. This study also illustrates that the importance of different facial subregions' temperature variances for differentiating different kinds of posed and spontaneous expressions.
A study of the penetration of sealants into pits and fissures.

An investigation was conducted into the penetration of different resin sealants into the pits and fissures of extracted molariform teeth of humans. The results showed that prophylaxis before conditioning and sealant placement only cleaned the cuspal inclined planes and that pits and fissures often remained filled with debris. This was true despite different prophylactic measures. After acidic conditioning of the occlusal site and resin placement, sections of teeth through pits and fissures showed that shallow types of fissures were filled but that deep and constrictive types were not. Residual material in the fissure, air entrapment, and fissure geometry contributed to a limiting of the sealant penetration. No satisfactory clinical means was established to clean the pits and fissures, and attempts at prophylactic odontotomy resulted in residual fissures associated with the preparations. Although the preparations were filled with sealant, the residual fissures were not. Reported clinical successes have occurred despite such variables, and our observations should not serve to condemn this effective preventive measure.
Perceptual Narrowing in Novice Divers1

It was hypothesized that in diving, danger-induced stress may contribute to performance decrement by narrowing perceptual scope. A study was conducted to examine the effect of task load and type of underwater exposure on response time to a signal light in the visual periphery. Novice divers monitored a peripheral light alone, or while simultaneously performing a central addition or dial-watching task. Each subject was tested on the surface, in a diving tank, and in the open ocean. It was found that the central tasks did not interfere with peripheral vigilance on the surface. During diving, a distinct subgroup of the dual-task subjects exhibited markedly increased response times to the peripheral light while maintaining near constant performance on the central tasks. Their behavior appeared more closely related to diving risk than to other environmental factors. The remaining dual-task subjects, and the light alone group, were almost uneffected by underwater exposure. The hypothesis was considered partially validated.
The Market for Virtue: The Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility

The principles and practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) date back more than a century, but the current wave of interest in this topic is unprecedented. This heightened attention is global and is evidenced on every conceivable measure. It is reflected in the growth of social and ethical investment funds, the dramatic increase in voluntary codes of conduct for companies and industries, and the number of companies that issue reports on their social and environmental practices and policies. Similarly, the mobilization of nongovernmental organizations to challenge a wide range of corporate environmental and human rights practices, the frequency of consumer boycotts and protests, and the number of organizations and institutions established to monitor, measure, and report on corporate social and environmental performance all demonstrate deep grassroots interest. In this book, David Vogel provides the first comprehensive, in-depth review of the contemporary CSR movement in both the United States and Europe. He presents a careful and balanced appraisal of the movements accomplishments and limitations, including a critical evaluation of the business case for CSR. While acknowledging the movements achievements, most notably in improving some labor, human rights, and environmental conditions in developing countries, he also demonstrates that CSRs potential to bring about a significant change in corporate behavior is exaggerated. The Market for Virtue explores to what extent future improvements in corporate conduct can occur without more extensive or effective government regulationin the United States, Europe, the Far East, and in the developing countries. In other words, what is thelong-term potential of business self-regulation? Vogel concludes that the amount of improvement that can be expected is far more modest than much contemporary writing on corporate responsibility has claimed. There is a market for virtue, but it is limited by the substantial costs of more responsible business behavior.
Disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Background: In the pre‐AIDS era disseminated histoplasmosis was rare and the cutaneous manifestations thereof were reported infrequently. A range of unusual clinical manifestations of disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis (DCH) in AIDS patients has been documented, but the cutaneous histopathological descriptions are short and incomplete. In addition, the histopathological spectrum of AIDS‐associated DCH is poorly recognized.
Retail margins, price transmission and price asymmetry in urban food markets: the case of Kinshasa (Zaire)

Some African food markets can still seem to operate inefficiently after price liberalisation. This seems mainly due to the existence of significant transaction costs because of small-scale operations, and is influenced by lack of grading, deficient infrastructure and information systems. It is shown in the case of retail markets in Kinshasa that search, supervision and other difficult-to-measure transactions costs are more important in the margin of food products than the measurable marketing costs (e.g., storage, transport). It is also shown through time series analysis that most of the price transmission between wholesale and retail happens in the same week and that price asymmetry, i.e., the different transmission of price increases compared with price decreases, is present for most products. Products characterised by relatively more standardisation and homogeneity are shown to have lower retail margins and to behave symmetrically. A model based on kinked demand curves and search costs might explain this asymmetric price behaviour.
Domiciliation process of Rhodnius stali (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Alto Beni, La Paz, Bolivia

We report a systematic collection of Triatominae inside houses and in the peridomestic environment of Alto Beni, department of La Paz, Bolivia. This area is free of Triatoma infestans and although we detected previously seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi, the Alto Beni region is not officially considered as endemic for Chagas disease. From 11 houses of five localities, we collected adults, nymphs and eggs of a Rhodnius species, which was confirmed by morphological and morphometric analysis as Rhodnius stali. This little‐known species has long been confused with R. pictipes, and was originally described from museum specimens labelled as R. pictipes. Our data show that R. stali is able to establish colonies in domestic and peridomestic habitats in Bolivia, and it is probably the vector responsible for Chagas disease seropositivity observed in the indigenous population of Alto Beni.
Data snooping and the global accrual anomaly

Naïvely testing for accruals mispricing in 26 equity markets – one market at a time – we find statistical evidence of anomalous returns in some countries. However, some of these findings might well be spurious because of data snooping biases that arise when simultaneously testing several hypotheses. While the accrual anomaly is not deemed to be robust in some countries when properly accounting for multiple testing, we find the international momentum effect to by and large pass the battery of multiple testing procedures. Moreover, we find the few robust accrual anomalies vanishing in recent times, indicating that investors have been exploiting the mispricing.
Sustainable Farming Systems vs Conventional Agriculture: A Socioeconomic Approach

Athanasios Theocharopoulos1, Stamatis Aggelopoulos1, Panoraia Papanagiotou2, Katerina Melfou3 and Evangelos Papanagiotou2 1Department of Agricultural Development and Agribusiness Management, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki 2Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 3Department of Agricultural Products Marketing and Quality Control, TEI of Western Macedonia, Florina Branch, Florina Greece
The moderating effect of organizational slack on the relation between perceptions of support for innovation and organizational climate

Purpose – The goal of this paper is to examine how firms employ slack resources to enhance the relationship between organizational climate and perceptions of support for innovation to obtain sustainable competitive advantages.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the different contributions to the study of the relation between dimensions of the organizational climate, perceptions of support for innovation and organizational slack. Building on previous research, a series of hypotheses are formulated on the influence of the dimensions of organizational climate on perceptions of support for innovation and on how organizational slack moderates these relations. In contrast to earlier studies, the paper's work is based on managers' perceptions. A sample of 202 quality managers is then used to verify empirically the hypotheses which have been proposed. Finally, the main conclusions of the research are presented.Findings – The results of the investigation reveal first, that the relation between the dime.
Rules of Origin and Trade Diversion: The Case of the Egyptian-European Partnership Agreement

Introduction: Preferential rules of origin (ROO) are of crucial importance in the functioning of any free trade area (FTA) in administrating a number of trade issues and in avoiding trade deflection. Despite such importance their design can result in their development as trade protectionist tool hence leading to trade diversion. This study focuses on the design of ROO in the EgyptianEuropean FTA that has been recently signed. The main aim is to investigate whether the ROO will result in trade diversion or not. Following this introduction, section two follows which provides a short literature review on the role of ROO in FTAs. Section three discusses the different methods utilized in the determinining ROO together with identifying the pros and cons of each of them. Section four reviews the methods adopted by the European Union (EU) in its design of preferential ROO. Section five is mainly confined to the method adopted in designing the ROO in the EgyptianEuropean FTA. Section six reviews the methods utilized in regional trade agreements (RTAs) worldwide to confer rules of origin. Section seven concludes and provides some policy implications.