Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Elongations and Supersonic Motions of Molecular Clouds

New 13CO data from the BU-FCRAO Milky Way Galactic Ring Survey (GRS) are analyzed to elucidate the shape and internal motions of molecular clouds. For a sample of more than 500 molecular clouds, we find that they are preferentially elongated along the Galactic plane. On the other hand, their spin axes are randomly oriented. We therefore conclude that the elongation is not supported by internal spin but by internal velocity anisotropy. It has been known that some driving mechanisms are necessary to sustain the supersonic velocity dispersion within molecular clouds. The mechanism for generating the velocity dispersion must also account for the preferred elongation. This excludes some driving mechanisms, such as stellar winds and supernovae, because they do not produce the systemic elongation along the Galactic plane. Driving energy is more likely to come from large-scale motions, such as Galactic rotation.
Patterns of Global DNA and Histone Methylation Appear to be Similar in Normal, Dysplastic and Neoplastic Oral Epithelium of Humans

Although there is growing interest in the possibility that alterations in histone methylation may play a role in carcinogenesis, it has not been explored adequately in humans. Similarly, there are no reports of associations between this and a similar epigenetic event, DNA methylation. Using immunohistochemical staining, we compared the methylation of DNA and histones in histopathologically normal oral epithelium, dysplastic oral lesions, and squamous cell cancers (SCCs) from subjects with squamous cell cancer (n = 48) with those of normal oral epithelium from subjects without oral cancer (n = 93) who were matched on age and race. Monoclonal antibodies specific for 5 methyl cytosine (5-mc), lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3-Lys4), and lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3-Lys9) were used in this study. The percentages of cells positive and a weighted average of the immunostaining intensity scores were calculated for each of these tissues, and Spearman correlation analyses were employed to study associations between DNA and histone methylation. Correlations between DNA and histone methylation, H3-Lys4 and H3-Lys9 were positive and statistically significant in all tissue types; they were strongest in normal oral epithelium from non-cancer subjects (n = 0.63, p < 0.001 and r = 0.62, p < 0.001 respectively). Similarly, the positive correlations between H3-Lys4 and H3-Lys9 were statistically significant in all tissue types and strongest in normal oral epithelium from non-cancer subjects (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Patterns of DNA and histone methylation are similar in tissues across the spectrum of oral carcinogenesis, and there is a significant positive association between these two epigenetic mechanisms.
Relational Aggression, Victimization, and Language Development: Implications for Practice

This review explores the development of relational aggression and relational victimization among peers, with specific emphasis on clinical implications for speech–language pathologists. Developmental manifestations of relational aggression and victimization are reviewed from early childhood through emerging adulthood. The concurrent and prospective associations between relational aggression and language development are examined specifically. Best practices in the assessment and evaluation of relational aggression and victimization are introduced and the current empirically based interventions for relational aggression and victimization are highlighted. Finally, a developmental psychopathology framework is introduced to guide future clinical practice and scholarship in the study of children and adolescents with comorbid language and peer relationship problems.
A gestural-based analysis of /e/ prosthesis in word-initial /sC/ loanwords in Spanish

A theoretical analysis of synchronic /e/ prosthesis in non-native wordinitial /sC/ sequences in Spanish is provided. In light of new evidence, it is argued that the appearance of the word-initial /e/ to the left margin of the non-native /sC/ onset is a perception-based phenomenon, and not triggered directly as a productive operation of the grammar. This assertion is robustly supported by the results of a series of perception tests involving 50 Spanish-speaking children in which the subjects routinely reported hearing an illusory vowel to the left of the non-native complex onset. These data are in line with past accounts of perceptual epenthesis and suggest that the auditory signal in some instances may be distorted by a high-level bias for native sound patterns. At the time of production, then this means that the dominant grammatical constraint governing the appearance of /e/ is based on principles of input/output correspondence, and not productive constraints referencing structural phonotactics.
Theoretical bases for service-learning: implications for program design and effectiveness

Background: Service-learning as pedagogy and a curricular consideration has been introduced to tertiary education of the Asia-Pacific Region. Theoretical framework and research in this area is still in its infancy. However, much can be learned from related theories and concepts, on which service-learning research can be conducted. Aims: This paper examines existing developmental, learning and cognitive theories, based on empirical research, in relationship to service-learning, with the objective of strengthening the effectiveness of service-learning program design and practices. Conclusion: An integrated service-learning conceptual model for development of the whole person and the enhancement of academic learning emerged from the examination of related theories. The service-learning conceptual model is the result from an integration of experiential learning theories, the understanding of brain functions, and impact studies of students who engaged in service-learning
Quantal Mechanism of Transmitter Release during Progressive Depletion of the Presynaptic Stores at a Ganglionic Synapse

In the present experiments we interfered with the mechanism of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis in the rat superior cervical ganglion by impairing the supply of either the choline group (hemicholinium no. 3 [HC-3]treatment) or the acetyl group (thiamine deprivation). Under both conditions stimulation causes in the ganglion a progressive decline in ACh output associated with a depletion of transmitter tissue content. ACh release from the terminals of a single preganglionic fiber was estimated from the quantum content value of the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) recorded intracellularly in the ganglion neuron under test. The present observations indicate that Poisson statistics describe transmitter release at either low or high release levels. Furthermore, the progressive decline in the rate of ACh output occurring during repetitive stimulation is shown to correspond to a progressive decrease in the number of transmitter quanta released per impulse and not to any modification in the size of individual quanta. Some 8,000 transmitter quanta proved to represent the presynaptic transmitter store initially present in those terminals on a neuron that are activated by stimulation of a single preganglionic fiber. Speculations are considered about synaptic efficacy and nerve connections in rat autonomic ganglia. It is suggested that six preganglionic fibers represent the mean input to a ganglion neuron.
THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXECUTIVE COACHING ON LEADER EFFECTIVENESS

Emotional intelligence has been hailed as a hallmark of successful leaders since the term was popularized in the 1990s. Around the same period, executive coaching emerged as a beneficial resource for leadership development in organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of emotional competence and coaching on the effectiveness of leaders. Leader effectiveness is operationalized as four constructs: job performance, personal vision, work engagement, and career satisfaction. Eighty-five senior executives at a North American financial services organization completed a leadership development experience which included training on emotional intelligence, multi-rater assessment, and executive coaching. Survey responses were collected and triangulated with job performance data and multi- rater feedback. Results indicated that both emotional competence and a quality coaching relationship lead to desired workplace outcomes. Findings revealed that emotional competence directly impacts job per.
Tracheobronchomalacia in children

Tracheobronchomalacia disorders present a considerable diagnostic challenge and workload to tertiary pediatrics. Bronchoscopy is the definitive way of confirming these diagnoses. Quantification of the size of lesions with a reference point is important to the decision-making processes for management, yet this aspect of assessment has been left to subjective visual estimates of size, even though there are now methods available for quantitative measurement. There is a wide range of bronchoscopic appearances and clinical manifestations of these disorders, and a spectrum of resultant diseases. At the mild end of the spectrum of illnesses, the clinical profiles are worse than similar respiratory illnesses in normal children. At the moderate and severe ends of the spectrum, invasive interventions, operative approaches and intensive care management are often necessary. Generally, these disorders are thought to improve with increasing age, but exactly which types and to what extent these disorders actually do improve or resolve are not known. Research is necessary to establish a true definition of these disorders to establish an improved understanding of the clinical profiles of the various appearance and types of malacia. Randomized, controlled studies of the management of malacia disorders, including research on potentially curative medical molecular genetic therapies, will be beneficial to pediatric respiratory medicine and ultimately the care of children with these disorders.
Measuring supermassive black holes with gas kinematics. II. The LINERs IC 989 , NGC 5077 , and NGC 6500

We present results from a kinematical study of the gas in the nucleus of a sample of three LINER galaxies, obtained from archival HST/STIS long-slit spectra. We found that, while for the elliptical galaxy NGC 5077, the observed velocity curves are consistent with gas in regular rotation around the galaxy's center, this is not the case for the two remaining objects. By modeling the surface brightness distribution and rotation curve from the emission lines in NGC 5077, we found that the observed kinematics of the circumnuclear gas can be accurately reproduced by adding to the stellar mass component a black hole mass of $M_{\rm BH} = 6. 8_{-2.8}^{+4.3}\times 10^8~M_{\odot}$ (uncertainties at a 1 σ level); the radius of its sphere of influence ($R_{\rm sph} \sim 0\farcs34$) is well-resolved at the HST resolution. The BH mass estimate in NGC 5077 is in fairly good agreement with both the $M_{\rm BH}-M_{\rm bul}$ (with an upward scatter of ~0.4 dex) and $M_{\rm BH}-\sigma$ correlations (with an upward scatter of 0.5 dex in the Tremaine et al. form and essentially no scatter using the Ferrarese et al. form) and provides further support for the presence of a connection between the residuals from the $M_{\rm BH}-\sigma$ correlation and the bulge effective radius. This indicates the presence of a black hole's “fundamental plane” in the sense that a combination of at least σ and R e drives the correlations between M BH and host bulge properties.
A new method for source detection, power estimation, and localization in large sensor networks under noise with unknown statistics

Most statistical inference methods for array processing assume an array of size N fixed and a number of snapshots T large. In addition, many works are based on the assumption of a white noise model. These two assumptions are increasingly less realistic in modern systems where N and T are usually both large, and where the noise data can be correlated either across successive observations or across the sensor antennas. In this paper an approach to handle this kind of scenario is presented. New algorithms for source number estimation, power estimation, and localization by a sensor array under noise with unknown correlation model are proposed. The results fundamentally rely on recent advances in small rank perturbations of large dimensional random matrices.
Mechanical, behavioural and Intentional understanding of picture stories in autistic children

High-ability autistic children were compared with low-ability Down's syndrome children and clinically normal preschool children on a picture sequencing task. When the sequences could be understood in terms of causal-mechanical or simply descriptive-behavioural criteria, the autistic children were at least as good as the controls and often showed superior performance. However, on sequences that evoked understanding in terms of psychological-Intentional criteria, the autistic children performed much worse than the others. This pattern was also seen in the language used by the children in narrating the stories afterwards. In contrast to the controls, the autistic children used causal and behavioural language, but hardly ever mental state language. This experiment confirms and extends a previous study of ours which also tested the hypothesis of a specific cognitive deficit which apparently prevents the development of a ‘theory of mind’ in the autistic child.
Performance-related musculoskeletal pain, depression and music performance anxiety in professional orchestral musicians: A population study

We examined self-reported frequency and severity of performance-related musculoskeletal pain disorder (PRMD), trigger point pain (TPP) and depression, social phobia (SPIN) and music performance anxiety (MPA) using the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI) in a cross-sectional survey of 377 professional orchestral musicians. Most (84%) musicians had experienced performance-impairing pain; 50% reported current pain. Females reported more performance-impairing pain and more current pain than males. Cluster analysis indicated a complex relationship between depression and PRMD severity. Three clusters showed the hypothesized relationship (i.e., more depression, more pain). Musicians in the fourth cluster denied depression but reported the most severe pain, suggesting a group who somatize their psychological distress. Cluster analysis also revealed a strong relationship between PRMD severity and MPA. Clusters with higher scores on K-MPAI reported higher scores on PRMD severity. TPP was not associated with self-reported PRMD frequency or severity. There was a significant linear relationship between TPP and MPA for females, but males scoring the highest MPA reported lower TPP than those with milder MPA. Neither SPIN nor beta blocker use was associated with PRMD frequency or severity. The complex relationships identified between PRMD, TPP, depression and MPA may have important implications for PRMD management in professional musicians.
Mononucleated Blood Cell Populations Display Different Abilities To Transmit Prion Disease by the Transfusion Route

ABSTRACT Previous experiments carried out in a sheep scrapie model demonstrated that the transfusion of 200 μl of prion-infected whole blood has an apparent 100% efficacy for disease transmission. These experiments also indicated that, despite the apparent low infectious titer, the intravenous administration of white blood cells (WBC) resulted in efficient disease transmission. In the study presented here, using the same transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal model, our aim was to determine the minimal number of white blood cells and the specific abilities of mononucleated cell populations to transmit scrapie by the transfusion route. Our results confirmed that the transfusion of 100 μl, but not 10 μl, of fresh whole blood collected in asymptomatic scrapie-infected donor sheep can transmit the disease. The data also show that the intravenous administration of 105 WBCs is sufficient to cause scrapie in recipient sheep. Cell-sorted CD45R+ (predominantly B lymphocytes), CD4+/CD8+ (T lymphocytes), and CD14+ (monocytes/macrophages) blood cell subpopulations all were shown to contain prion infectivity by bioassays in ovine PrP transgenic mice. However, while the intravenous administration of 106 CD45+ or CD4+/8+ living cells was able to transmit the disease, similar numbers of CD14+ cells failed to infect the recipients. These data support the contention that mononucleated blood cell populations display different abilities to transmit TSE by the transfusion route. They also represent an important input for the risk assessment of blood-borne prion disease transmission and for refining the target performance of leukoreduction processes that currently are applied to mitigate the transmission risk in transfusion medicine. IMPORTANCE Interindividual variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) transmission through blood and blood-derived products is considered a major public health issue in transfusion medicine. Over the last decade, TSE in sheep has emerged as a relevant model for assessing the blood-borne vCJD transmission risk. In this study, using a sheep TSE model, we characterized the ability of different peripheral blood mononucleated cell populations to infect TSE-free recipients by the transfusion route. Our results indicate that as little as 105 WBC and 100 μl of blood collected from asymptomatic scrapie infected animals can transmit the disease. They also demonstrate unambiguously that peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations display dramatically different abilities to transmit the disease. These data represent an important input for the risk assessment of blood-borne prion disease transmission and for refining the target performance of leukoreduction processes that currently are applied to mitigate the transmission risk in transfusion medicine.
Busting the myth of gender bias: views from men and women primary-school trainees and teachers

We explore the ideology associated with gender equality that despite primary schools and initial teacher education (ITE) institutions doing all they can to recruit men into primary education, a huge gender imbalance still exists. We frame our study around the notions of gender equality and professional responsibility. Using a multi-case study approach, this inquiry examined views of men and women from 12 English primary schools and one ITE institution regarding the cause and effect of gender bias. Findings show a differentially large gender gap in the sample schools and that there is good practice where schools are successful in attracting and retaining men teachers. Implications of these findings suggest that leaders in primary schools need to take a more active role to help change and shape the perceptions of men teachers in education. We conclude that leaders also need to help close the teacher gender gap in schools and ITE institutions through collaborative dialogue.
Values as Sociotropic Judgments Influencing Communication Patterns

Explanations of why people use various types of media content have been limited mainly to demographic location and self-interested motivational variables. The authors present an alternative, sociotropic source of influence on communication patterns: judgments of how the world works (worldviews), what societal values ought to be pursued (materialism vs. postmaterialism), and what normative roles the news media should play. A well-fitting structural equation model is used to account for substantial amounts of variance in entertainment television viewing, newspaper public affairs reading, and discussion of controversial issues. Sociotropic judgments mediate much of the influence of demographics and ideology on patterns of communication. Diversity in the composition of personal discussion networks has a strong and direct influence on communication patterns.
Intellectual property management practices at small and medium-sized enterprises

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) contribute to innovation and economic growth, despite their resource shortages and lack of professional intellectual property (IP) management practices. Drawing on social practice theory and combining insights from recent scholarship on IP strategies and its management, this paper examines the cases of three pharmaceutical SME providing insights into how they appropriate returns on research and development (R&D) investments. It discusses their IP strategies and management practices, examining how the IP management practices are embedded in the firm's organisational structure. Moreover, this paper develops recommendations for SME regarding the professionalisation of their IP management practices.
Knowing Me, Knowing You: Anonymity Effects on Social Identity Processes within Groups

The Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) proposes that depersonalization of self and others is responsible for the effects of visual anonymity on group behavior. The authors investigated these mediating processes by assessing the effects of group-based self-categorization and stereotyping of others on group attraction within visually anonymous or video-identifiable groups communicating via computer. Structural equation modeling showed that visual anonymity increased group-based self-categorization, which directly increased attraction to the group and indirectly increased group attraction by enhancing group-based stereotyping of others. Visual anonymity had no effect on self-categorization in terms of a wider social category (nationality). Predictions derived from alternative perspectives that visual anonymity decreases group attraction by increasing impersonal task focus or by attenuating evaluation concerns were not supported.
Dose-Dependent Behavioral Response of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus to Floral Odorous Compounds

Abstract The value of using plant volatiles as attractants for trapping and spatial repellents to protect hosts against mosquitoes has been widely recognized. The current study characterized behavioral responses of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) to different concentrations, ranging from 6 to 96%, of several common floral odorous compounds, including linalool, geraniol, citronellal, eugenol, anisaldehyde, and citral, using a wind tunnel olfactometer system. The results indicated that female mosquitoes reacted differently to different concentrations of the tested compounds, and the reactions also were different when those chemicals were tested alone or in the presence of human host odor. When tested alone, anisaldehyde was attractive at all tested concentrations, eugenol was attractive only at concentrations of 48–96%, while citronellal, linalool, citral, and geraniol were attractive at lower concentrations and repellent at higher concentrations. When tested in the presence of a human host, all compounds except for anisaldehyde at all tested concentrations showed host-seeking inhibition to certain degrees. Based on the results, it was concluded that anisaldehyde was effective in attracting Ae. albopictus when used alone but could also remarkably inhibit the host-seeking ability at a concentration of 96%, while citral, geraniol, linalool, citronellal, and eugenol are suitable as spatial repellents.