Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of matched mRNA measurements from two different microarray technologies

MOTIVATION [corrected] The existence of several technologies for measuring gene expression makes the question of cross-technology agreement of measurements an important issue. Cross-platform utilization of data from different technologies has the potential to reduce the need to duplicate experiments but requires corresponding measurements to be comparable. METHODS A comparison of mRNA measurements of 2895 sequence-matched genes in 56 cell lines from the standard panel of 60 cancer cell lines from the National Cancer Institute (NCI 60) was carried out by calculating correlation between matched measurements and calculating concordance between cluster from two high-throughput DNA microarray technologies, Stanford type cDNA microarrays and Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS In general, corresponding measurements from the two platforms showed poor correlation. Clusters of genes and cell lines were discordant between the two technologies, suggesting that relative intra-technology relationships were not preserved. GC-content, sequence length, average signal intensity, and an estimator of cross-hybridization were found to be associated with the degree of correlation. This suggests gene-specific, or more correctly probe-specific, factors influencing measurements differently in the two platforms, implying a poor prognosis for a broad utilization of gene expression measurements across platforms.
The pervasive effects of argument length on inductive reasoning

Three experiments examined the influence of argument length on plausibility judgements, in a category-based induction task. The general results were that when arguments were logically invalid they were considered stronger when they were longer, but for logically valid arguments longer arguments were considered weaker. In Experiments 1a and 1b when participants were forewarned to avoid using length as a cue to judging plausibility, they still did so. Indeed, participants given the opposite instructions did not follow those instructions either. In Experiment 2 arguments came from a reliable or unreliable speaker. This manipulation affected accuracy as well as response bias, but the effects of argument length for both reliable and unreliable speakers replicated Experiments 1a and 1b. The results were analysed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and modelled using multidimensional signal detection theory (SDT). Implications for models of category-based inductive reasoning, and theories of reasoning more generally, are discussed.
Entertainment and Informativeness as Precursory Factors of Successful Mobile Advertising Messages

The use of mobile advertising allows marketers to directly communicate with their consumers anytime and anyplace. However, it is unknown which is the best way to build these advertisements in order to positively affect attitudes' formation and consumers' behavior. Thus we suggest utilitarian (informativeness) and hedonic aspects (entertainment) of mobile messages in order to investigate how these aspects affect consumersattitudes, to value the effect of general opinion about advertising on mobile attitudes, and to study the relationship between attitudes and behavioral intentions in mobile environments. The empirical analysis is based on data collected from 429 users of different countries and the use of structural modeling techniques. Firstly the results suggest that the entertainment and informational aspects perceived by consumers in mobile advertising affect their attitudes. Secondly there is an impact of general opinion about advertising on mobile attitudes. Finally there is also a positive and direct influence of attitudes on behavioral intentions. The research also includes several managerial implications, limitations and future research lines.
The Effect of Differential Incentives on Attrition Bias

Respondent incentives are widely used to increase response rates, but their effect on nonresponse bias has not been researched as much. To contribute to the research, we analyze an incentive experiment embedded within the third wave of the German household panel survey “Panel Labor Market and Social Security” conducted by the German Institute for Employment Research. Our question is whether attrition bias differs in two incentive plans. In particular, we want to study whether an unconditional €10 cash incentive yields less attrition bias in self-reported labor income and other sociodemographics than a conditional lottery ticket incentive. We find that unconditional cash incentives are more effective than conditional lottery tickets in reducing attrition bias in income and several sociodemographic variables.
Folk Pedagogy and the Geek Gene: Geekiness Quotient

In a survey of the CS-education community, we find a range of beliefs about the "geek gene" theory. We suggest an alternative term, the "geekiness quotient (GQ)". The GQ, grounded in Gardner's work on multiple intelligences, is a hypothetical measure of the student's current CS ability. The GQ supports a moderate view of the geek gene: that students arrive in our classrooms with a range of CS abilities, whether acquired through background or innate talent, and can improve their abilities through effort.
Chemoprevention of TV-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced Esophageal Cancer in Rats by the Naturally Occurring Thioether, Diallyl Sulfide1

Diallyl sulfÃ de(DAS) is a principal thioether of garlic (AlHum sativum) accounting, in part, for the flavor and fragrance of this herb. Previous studies have shown that DAS is a potent inhibitor of experimentally induced colon cancer in mice. Metabolic studies of other garlic-derived substances suggested that DAS could prevent tumorigenicity of other hepatic activated carcinogens. The present study was designed to deter mine whether DAS could inhibit the DMA-damaging and tumorigenic effects of /V-nitrosomethylbenzylamine in rat esophagus. A dose of 200 mg/kg of DAS given p.o. 3 h prior to A'-nitrosomethylbenzylamine administration was found to inhibit the carcinogen-induced nuclear toxicity by 64% to 56% at the two doses (3 and 5 mg/kg) of NMBA tested. These results suggested that the compound was potentially anticarcinogenic. In the carcinogenicity experiment it was found that DAS totally inhibited tumor formation in rats treated with a carcinogenic dose of NMBA (100% inhibition of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma incidence, P < 0.0001). Additionally DAS was found to substantially reduce hepatic microsomal metabolism of the carcinogen. These data demonstrate that DAS is unique in its anticarcinogenic activity. It strongly suppresses the tumorigenic effects of potent, metabolically activated monoalkylating carcinogens in the gastrointestinal tract. of (L. Representative histolÃ³gica! sections of esophagi were microphotographed. Statistics. Statistical analysis of body weights was conducted using the Student t test; tumor incidence data were analyzed by x2 analysis.
ANALOGIES IN CHEMISTRY TEACHING AS A MEANS OF ATTAINMENT OF COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN A NATURALISTIC SETTING, USING ANALOGIES WITH A STRONG SOCIAL CONTENT

A longitudinal study of the use of chemical analogies and their effect on cognitive and affective factors of tenth- and eleventh-grade Greek students in a naturalistic setting is reported. Attention was paid to the structural correspondence between the analogue and the target. Regarding the analogue domain, emphasis was placed on using analogies with a strong and familiar social context. An experimental-control group design was adopted. Although it is difficult to separate the direct effect of the analogies from the social relevance and the enjoyment factors, our findings from questions set immediately after the introduction of each analogy, as well as from final examinations, provide evidence for the possible usefulness of the long-term use of analogies in the teaching of chemistry. Gender was found to make no difference. Analogies can be more effective for lower cognitive development students. A positive affective effect to most students was also found. Both developmental level and motivational trait play a definitive role, with the concrete students on the one hand, and the curious students on the other found to be more favourably disposed to this teaching strategy. Finally, recommendations for the proper and effective use of analogies in chemistry teaching are made. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. : 2004, 5, 33-50]
Democratic Approaches to Mental Healthcare in Which Therapeutic Relationships can Flourish

An alternative approach to mental healthcare for severe mental illness called ‘open dialogue’ (OD) is currently being trialled in the NHS. My research used a qualitative approach to develop understanding about the experiences of five families who had been using OD in the NHS. Each family was interviewed as a group and critical narrative analysis was used to analyse each family’s experience. This resulted in a series of idiographic narratives, which were then considered from the theoretical perspectives of empowerment and objectification. The findings are then explored from the perspectives of humanistic psychology and compassion. Possible applications of the research for the practice of OD are considered for professionals and users. Applications for the practice of counselling psychology are also considered, and ideas for future research are suggested.
Early structure in ΛCDM

We use a novel technique to simulate the growth of one of the most massive progenitors of a supercluster region from redshift z ∼ 80, when its mass was about 10 M ○. , until the present day. Our nested sequence of N-body resimulations allows us to study in detail the structure both of the dark matter object itself and of its environment. Our effective resolution is optimal at redshifts of 49, 29, 12, 5 and 0 when the dominant object has mass 1.2 x 10 5 ,5 × 10 7 ,2 × 10 10 , 3 x 10 12 and 8 × 10 14 h -1 M ○. , respectively, and contains ∼10 6 simulation particles within its virial radius. Extended Press-Schechter (EPS) theory correctly predicts both this rapid growth and the substantial overabundance of massive haloes we find at early times in regions surrounding the dominant object. Although the large-scale structure in these regions differs dramatically from a scaled version of its present-day counterpart, the internal structure of the dominant object is remarkably similar. Molecular hydrogen cooling could start as early as z ∼ 49 in this object, while cooling by atomic hydrogen becomes effective at z ∼ 39. If the first stars formed in haloes with virial temperature ∼ 2000 K, their comoving abundance at z = 49 should be similar to that of dwarf galaxies today, while their comoving correlation length should be ∼2.5 h -1 Mpc.
Robust and Agile 3D Biped Walking With Steering Capability Using a Footstep Predictive Approach

In this paper, we formulate a novel hierarchical controller for walking of torque controlled humanoid robots. Our method uses a whole body optimization approach which generates joint torques, given Cartesian accelerations of different points on the robot. Over such variable translation, we can plan our desired foot trajectories in Cartesian space between starting and ending positions of the foot on the ground. On top level, we use the simplified Linear Inverted Pendulum Model to predict the future motion of the robot. With LIPM, we derive a formulation where the whole system is described by the state of center of mass and footstep locations serve as discrete inputs to this linear system. We then use model predictive control to plan optimal future footsteps which resemble a reference plan, given desired sagittal and steering velocities determined by the high-end user. Using simulations on a kid-size torque controlled humanoid robot, the method tolerates various disturbances such as external pushes, sensor noises, model errors and delayed communication in the control loop. It can perform robust walking over slopes and uneven terrains blindly and turn rapidly at the same time. Our generic dynamics model-based method does not depend on any off-line optimization, being suitable for typical torque controlled humanoid robots.
Early and Mid-term Outcomes in Female Patients Undergoing Isolated Conventional Coronary Surgery

Introduction: Several observational studies comparing outcomes between female and male patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have shown that operative mortality rate is higher among female patients than in male patients. However, some conflicting studies report that early mortality among female patients is equivalent to that among male patients. We investigated predictive factors of morbidity, mortality and survival in female patients undergoing isolated conventional CABG. Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2009, 1657 patients underwent isolated conventional CABG in our clinic. 21.8% (n=361) of patients were female and 78.2% (n=1296) males. Results: Advanced age (P<0.0001), hypertension (P<0.0001), diabetes (P<0.0001), and hyperlipidemia (P<0.0001) were the independent predictive factors among female patients. Mean in-hospital mortality rates were 5.8% and 3.2%; for females and males, respectively (P=0.029). Prolonged ventilatory support (P=0.009) and postoperative atrial fibrillation (P=0.049) were the independent predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in female patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass time (P=0.041), prolonged ventilatory support (P<0.0001), and postoperative atrial fibrillation (P=0.031) were the independent predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in male patients. Mean follow-up was 47.51±25.06 months and 48.42±25.21 months among female and male patients (P=0.820). In follow-up, mortality rate was 6.1% (n=22) among female patients and 4.6% (n=60) among male patients (P=0.272). Left internal thoracic artery (LITA) usage (P=0.001) was the independent predictive factor of survival in female patients. Conclusion: In-hospital mortality rate was higher in female patients. Length of ICU and hospital stay, and mid-term survival was similar between female and male patients.
Protein Kinase D Regulates Trafficking of Dendritic Membrane Proteins in Developing Neurons

In non-neuronal cells, inactivation of protein kinase D (PKD) blocks fission of trans-Golgi network (TGN) transport carriers, inducing the appearance of long tubules filled with cargo. We now report on the function of PKD1 in neuronal protein trafficking. In cultured hippocampal pyramidal cells, the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the low-density receptor-related protein (LRP) are predominantly transported to dendrites and excluded from axons. Expression of kinase-inactive PKD1 or its depletion by RNA interference treatment dramatically and selectively alter the intracellular trafficking and membrane delivery of TfR- and LRP-containing vesicles, without inhibiting exit from the TGN or inducing Golgi tubulation. After PKD1 suppression, dendritic membrane proteins are mispackaged into carriers that transport VAMP2; these vesicles are distributed to both axons and dendrites, but are rapidly endocytosed from dendrites and preferentially delivered to the axonal membrane. A kinase-defective mutant of PKD1 lacking the ability to bind diacylglycerol and hence its Golgi localization does not cause missorting of TfR or LRP. These results suggest that in neurons PKD1 regulates TGN-derived sorting of dendritic proteins and hence has a role in neuronal polarity.
The Effects of Incomplete Information on Consumer Choice

Two current trends, information overload and marketers' increased control over the manner in which their products are sold and presented to buyers (e.g., on the Internet), suggest that deciding what information to provide or not to provide can determine a product's success in the marketplace. Although it has long been recognized that most purchase decisions are made with incomplete information, researchers still know little about the effect of missing information on consumer choice. Building on prior work by Slovic and MacPhillamy (1974), the authors demonstrate that a tendency to give more weight to attributes on which all considered options have values (common attributes), compared with attributes for which not all options have values (unique attributes), can often lead to intransitive preferences. Using process measures, the authors further show that buyers tend to interpret missing attribute values in a way that supports the purchase of the option that is superior on the common attribute. The results indicate that information presentation format and inferences about missing values cannot account for the observed effects of missing information on consumer choice. The authors also show that the purchase decisions of buyers who consider attribute importance before making a choice and those with high need for cognition are less susceptible to influence by missing information. Finally, the findings indicate that choosing from sets with missing information can affect buyer tastes and purchase decisions made subsequently. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research.
The Rostral Raphe Pallidus Nucleus Mediates Pyrogenic Transmission from the Preoptic Area

Fever is the widely known hallmark of disease and is induced by the action of the nervous system. It is generally accepted that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is produced in response to immune signals and then acts on the preoptic area (POA), which triggers the stimulation of the sympathetic system, resulting in the production of fever. Actually, the EP3 subtype of PGE receptor, which is essential for the induction of fever, is known to be localized in POA neurons. However, the neural pathway mediating the pyrogenic transmission from the POA to the sympathetic system remains unknown. To identify the neuronal groups involved in the fever-inducing pathway, we first investigated Fos expression in medullary regions of rats after central administrations of PGE2. PGE2 application to the lateral ventricle or directly to the POA strikingly increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in the rostral part of the raphe pallidus nucleus (rRPa). Most of these neurons did not exhibit serotonin immunoreactivity. Microinjection of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, into the rRPa blocked fever and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue induced by intra-POA as well as by intracerebroventricular PGE2 applications. Furthermore, neural tract tracing studies revealed a direct projection from EP3 receptor-expressing POA neurons to the rRPa. Our results demonstrate that the rRPa, which has never been associated with the fever mechanism, mediates the pyrogenic neurotransmission from the POA to the peripheral sympathetic effectors contributing to fever development.
Time-Indexed Effect Size for Educational Research and Evaluation: Reinterpreting Program Effects and Achievement Gaps in K–12 Reading and Math

ABSTRACT Through a synthesis of test publisher norms and national longitudinal data sets, this study provides new national norms of academic growth in K–12 reading and math to help reinterpret conventional effect sizes in time units. We propose d΄, a time-indexed–effect-size metric to estimate how long it would take for an “untreated” control group to reach the treatment group outcome in terms familiar to educators—years/months of schooling. It serves as a supplement to conventional effect-size metrics, such as Cohen's d, by taking into account different amounts of time needed for learning at different ages or grade levels. Through applications to Project STAR small class effects and NAEP racial achievement gaps, we demonstrate how to interpret and use d΄. It is expected to provide a more developmentally appropriate context for interpreting the size of an effect, a step toward bridging the gap between educational research and practice.
Survive or Thrive: a Mixed Method Study of Visiting Chinese Language Teachers' Identity Formation in the U.S. Classrooms

In recent years in the United States, an increasing number of people are learning Mandarin, the dominant Chinese language in China. Because of the shortage of Mandarin teachers, many visiting teachers from China with Chinese educational background are teaching Mandarin in the U.S. schools. In the U.S. classrooms, these teachers are challenged to adapt to a new setting. This experience can lead them to changing their teaching identity, that is, their basic beliefs, attitudes and practices about teaching. Understanding how Chinese teachers may form a new teaching identity in the U.S. context serves to inform future professional development activities designed to increase their competence as teachers in U.S. classrooms. The purpose of this study was to describe and explain what is visiting Chinese language teachers’ identity and how the identity changes might take place when they teach Mandarin in U.S. classrooms. The broader goal is to find ways to encourage Chinese language teaching competency in the U.S. classrooms and to foster cross-cultural communication. In this study, I used mixed methods research to study 14 visiting Chinese language teachers with Chinese educational background to find out how they perceive their teaching and how they teach in the U.S. classrooms. My findings were: (a) visiting Chinese language teachers changed their teaching attitudes, beliefs, and teaching practice in U.S. classroom; (b) teachers with a high teaching identity on Teaching Identity Survey maintained a high level of teaching identity after four months of teaching in U.S. classrooms; and, (c) visiting Chinese language teachers who changed their teaching identity engaged in critical reflections on their teaching practice, and learned from both CHINESE LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ TEACHING IDENTITY ii Chinese and U.S. teachers. To have a positive impact on Chinese language teachers’ identity and increase the likelihood of success, two implications are evident. First, Chinese language teachers could benefit from the professional development program with a focus on cultural differences and U.S. classroom management strategies. Second, U.S. schools and Chinese language programs need to create opportunities for teachers to learn from each other and build a professional community. CHINESE LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ TEACHING IDENTITY iii
Long-Lasting Sprouting and Gene Expression Changes Induced by the Monoclonal Antibody IN-1 in the Adult Spinal Cord

Lesion-induced plasticity of the rat corticospinal tract (CST) decreases postnatally, simultaneously with myelin appearance. In adult rats, compensatory sprouting can be induced by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) IN-1 raised against the growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A. In this study, we examined separately the fate of sensory and motor corticospinal fibers after mAb IN-1 application. Intact adult rats treated with the IN-1 antibody exhibited an increase of aberrant CST projections, i.e., sensory fibers projecting into the ventral horn and motor fibers projecting dorsally. Unilateral lesion of the CST [pyramidotomy (PTX)] in the presence of mAb IN-1 triggered a progressive reorganization of the sprouting of the remaining CST across the midline, with sensory fibers projecting gradually into the denervated dorsal horn and motor fibers projecting into the denervated ventral horn. In unilaterally denervated spinal cords, aberrant sprouts were only transient and disappeared by 6 weeks, whereas midline crossing fibers ending in the appropriate target region were stabilized and persisted over the entire study period. Within the spinal cord, IN-1 antibody treatment was associated with upregulation of growth factors (BDNF, VEGF), growth-related proteins (actin, myosin, GAP-43), and transcription factors (STATs), whereas pyramidotomy induced an enhanced expression of guidance molecules (semaphorins and slits) as well as neurotrophic factors (BDNF, IGFs, BMPs). These gene expression changes may contribute to attraction, guidance, and stabilization of sprouting CST fibers.