Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technological pedagogical content knowledge - a review of the literature

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) has been introduced as a conceptual framework for the knowledge base teachers need to effectively teach with technology. The framework stems from the notion that technology integration in a specific educational context benefits from a careful alignment of content, pedagogy and the potential of technology, and that teachers who want to integrate technology in their teaching practice therefore need to be competent in all three domains. This study is a systematic literature review about TPACK of 55 peer-reviewed journal articles (and one book chapter), published between 2005 and 2011. The purpose of the review was to investigate the theoretical basis and the practical use of TPACK. Findings showed different understandings of TPACK and of technological knowledge. Implications of these different views impacted the way TPACK was measured. Notions about TPACK in subject domains were hardly found in the studies selected for this review. Teacher knowledge (TPACK) and beliefs about pedagogy and technology are intertwined. Both determine whether a teacher decides to teach with technology. Active involvement in (re)design and enactment of technology-enhanced lessons was found as a promising strategy for the development of TPACK in (student-)teachers. Future directions for research are discussed
Normalization for Sparse Encoding of Odors by a Wide-Field Interneuron

A single neuron is responsible for adaptive normalization in an olfactory circuit generating sparse odor representations. Sparse coding presents practical advantages for sensory representations and memory storage. In the insect olfactory system, the representation of general odors is dense in the antennal lobes but sparse in the mushroom bodies, only one synapse downstream. In locusts, this transformation relies on the oscillatory structure of antennal lobe output, feed-forward inhibitory circuits, intrinsic properties of mushroom body neurons, and connectivity between antennal lobe and mushroom bodies. Here we show the existence of a normalizing negative-feedback loop within the mushroom body to maintain sparse output over a wide range of input conditions. This loop consists of an identifiable “giant” nonspiking inhibitory interneuron with ubiquitous connectivity and graded release properties.
Intelligibility in world Englishes. Theory and application, by Nelson, C. L.

Also, I wanted to read a research paper for each chapter but couldn’t always find an appropriate one. ” Perhaps for the second edition, chapter authors might suggest “introductory sample articles for beginners” for their approaches. To the open-minded reader, this volume will stimulate a lot of situated questioning and searching that are indeed healthy for the field and for continually identifying and reidentifying conceptual and research issues that will, in the end, make us stronger, more open, and more ethically and ecologically adaptable and diverse. Many readers may also begin to identify with a larger, more diversified field. While I admit that I have done none of the chapters justice, I hope to have whet your appetites, for indeed AASLA is a feast.
Variations of immunoglobulins in disease.

The introduction of simple methods for the immunochemical quantitation of human immunoglobulins has been followed by the publication of several hundred papers during the past 10 years concerning the diagnostic significance of quantitative changes in these proteins in human body fluids. The subject was extensively reviewed in 1971 by Professor Hobbs and no fundamentally new findings can be reported at the present time. The following survey will consist mainly of a review of confirmatory data taken from more recent publications. First the analytical methods used for quantitative estimation of immunoglobulins will be reviewed briefly, followed by a discussion of the normal ranges and the problems of interlaboratory standardization. Finally the usefulness of immunoglobulin analysis will be illustrated by a survey of some selected pathological conditions in which immunoglobulin determinations are of proven clinical value.
Knowledges, Specialization and Economic Evolution: Modelling the Evolving Division of Human Time

Dedicated to the goal of furthering evolutionary economic analysis, this book provides a coherent scientific approach to deal with the real world of continual change in the economic system. Expansive in its scope, this book ranges from abstract discussions of ontology, analysis and theory to more practical discussions on how we can operationalize notions such as ‘capabilities' from what we understand as ‘knowledge'. Simulation techniques and empirical case studies are also used.
Daytime sleepiness in stable hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Patients frequently sleep during hemodialysis (HD), a behavior often attributed to treatment-related fatigue and/or simple boredom. The possibility that this behavior reflects a more pervasive underlying increase in daytime sleepiness has never been systematically examined. Thus, we studied a sample of HD patients on an off-dialysis day to establish the presence or absence of daytime sleepiness independent of effects of treatment, quantify its severity, and identify associated demographic, metabolic, and sleep-related variables. METHODS Forty-six stable HD patients underwent polysomnography, followed the next day (a nondialysis day) by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT; low score = greater sleepiness), a measure of physiological daytime sleepiness. Subjects also completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; high score = greater sleepiness), a measure of subjective daytime sleepiness. RESULTS One third (n = 15) of subjects had MSLT scores suggesting abnormal levels of physiological daytime sleepiness, and six subjects had scores consistent with severe, pathological sleepiness. Thirty percent (n = 14) had significant subjective daytime sleepiness as measured by the ESS. However, MSLT and ESS scores were unrelated. Higher indices of sleep apnea (r = -0.324; P = 0.028) and brief arousals (r = -0.370; P = 0.009) correlated significantly with increased physiological, but not subjective, sleepiness. Longer nocturnal sleep latencies (r = 0.350; P = 0.017) and greater percentage of rapid-eye-movement sleep (r = 0.302; P = 0.042) were associated with decreased physiological sleepiness. Other major demographic, metabolic, and sleep-related variables did not correlate with MSLT scores, and none of the variables examined were related to ESS scores. CONCLUSION Daytime sleepiness is common in HD patients and may be severe despite the absence of obvious clinical risk factors for the condition. Thus, research designed to identify cost-effective indicators of daytime sleepiness and evaluate the detrimental effects of sleepiness on clinical outcomes in HD patients is warranted.
Violence, mental disorder and risk assessment: can structured clinical assessments predict the short-term risk of inpatient violence?

This study considered the ability of items on the HCR-20 and VRS, structured clinical risk assessments, to predict inpatient violence within the first 6 months of admission to a secure forensic service. A retrospective file review of information available at time of admission was used to complete the Historical and Clinical scales of the HCR-20 and VRS for a sample of 44 male inpatients. The ability of these risk assessments to predict recorded incidents of violent behaviour, as measured by official incident reports, was then assessed. The predictive validity of individual scale items was also considered. The HC composite and VRS did not predict inpatient violence within the first 6 months of admission. However, the clinical sub-scale of the HCR-20 was predictive of violence, abuse or harassment. When considering repetitiveness there was some indication across the scales that static factors predicted isolated incidents and dynamic factors repetitive violence. A number of individual items within the scales appeared to act as predictive or protective factors for inpatient violence. Despite the poor predictive validity of the scales overall, this study provides some indication of the differential utility of these structured clinical assessments for predicting short-term risk of violence in inpatients. In particular the use of dynamic clinical factors in identifying those likely to engage in imminent repetitive violence.
Evaluation of comprehensive security systems for public transport – a methodological approach

This paper presents a risk-based framework for debating and evaluating the benefits and costs of security capacities for the public transport sector. The framework takes into account non-quantifiable decision variables and dilemmas, and uncertainties related to input data. The framework consists of process description and a range of suggested evaluation criteria as well as guidelines on how to perform the evaluation. The criteria cover expenses, legal and ethical challenges, passengers’ perception, other side effects, and feasibility. In addition to guidelines on prioritizing and evaluating the different criteria, the interpretation and use of the numerical results is discussed. The framework also discusses the follow-up management strategies based on the outcome of the evaluation. In short, it describes a possible way of following up the output of security risk assessments and the identified security gaps/risks. It involves stakeholders and offers a transparent process for prioritizing, and finally, selecting security measures. In its simplest form, the whole evaluation can be conducted by experts in a workshop, making qualitative assessments of a few criteria. This can be useful as a first screening for choosing capacities/measures for further studies. More advanced users can apply quantitative studies and surveys; however, the framework will remain the same. The use of and the strengths and weaknesses of the framework has first been pre-tested in a constructed practical case, in which a fictional personal transport operator was expected to choose among five possible security capacities to mitigate a security gap (risk), and thereafter, tested in a real case by a small public transport operator.
The Role of β7 Integrins in CD8 T Cell Trafficking During an Antiviral Immune Response

The requirement of β7 integrins for lymphocyte migration was examined during an ongoing immune response in vivo. Transgenic mice (OT-I) expressing an ovalbumin-specific major histocompatibility complex class I–restricted T cell receptor for antigen were rendered deficient in expression of all β7 integrins or only the αEβ7 integrin. To quantitate the relative use of β7 integrins in migration in vivo, equal numbers of OT-I and OT-I-β7−/− or OT-I-αE−/− lymph node (LN) cells were adoptively transferred to normal mice. Although OT-I-β7−/− LN cells migrated to mesenteric LN and peripheral LN as well as wild-type cells, β7 integrins were required for naive CD8 T cell and B cell migration to Peyer's patch. After infection with a recombinant virus (vesicular stomatitis virus) encoding ovalbumin, β7 integrins became critical for migration of activated CD8 T cells to the mesenteric LN and Peyer's patch. Naive CD8 T cells did not enter the lamina propria or the intestinal epithelium, and the majority of migration of activated CD8 T cells to the small and large intestinal mucosa, including the epithelium, was β7 integrin–mediated. The αEβ7 integrin appeared to play no role in migration during a primary CD8 T cell immune response in vivo. Furthermore, despite dramatic upregulation of αEβ7 by CD8 T cells after entry into the epithelium, long-term retention of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes was also αEβ7 independent.
Actions on gamma‐motoneurones elicited by electrical stimulation of joint afferent fibres in the hind limb of the cat.

Effects on seventy‐one single lumbar gamma‐motoneurones, evoked by graded electrical stimulation of fibres running in the posterior articular nerve of the ipsilateral knee joint (p.a.n.), were studied by micro‐electrode recording in twenty‐one cats anaesthetized with alpha‐chloralose. Sixty‐seven of the gamma‐cells were classified indirectly as dynamic (thirty‐seven) or static (thirty) using the method of mesencephalic stimulation (cf. Appelberg, Hulliger, Johansson & Sojka, 1982). A high general responsiveness (i.e. number of cells with effect/number of cells tested) was found for the whole sample of gamma‐cells (91.9% for dynamic and 93.3% for static cells). The thresholds for the effects were related to the stimulation intensity at which the early negative cord dorsum potential appeared (T). For all subpopulations of gamma‐cells (dynamic and static, flexor and extensor cells) excitatory as well as inhibitory effects were observed at 0.9‐1.1 T, probably corresponding to 1.1‐1.4 times the threshold for evoking a compound action potential in p.a. n. (cf. Discussion). In addition, a considerable number of high‐threshold effects were found. Some cells were influenced only from low‐threshold joint afferents, some only from high‐threshold joint afferents and some cells were influenced from both low‐ and high‐threshold joint afferents. No statistically significant differences in thresholds were found between dynamic and static cells. Among flexor gamma‐cells excitatory effects were found to predominate, while for extensor gamma‐cells excitation and inhibition occurred with about equal frequency. The shortest latencies for excitatory effects on dynamic gamma‐motoneurones were compatible with a trisynaptic pathway, while the routes for excitation of static units and for inhibition of both types of gamma‐cells seemed to be longer. The possible functional significance of the findings is discussed. The findings seem to support the idea, as suggested by Freeman & Wyke (1967b), that the joint receptors may contribute to the 'co‐ordination of muscle tone in posture and movement' via the gamma‐loop. It is furthermore suggested that the latter mechanism may serve to regulate joint stiffness and joint stability.
Biomarkers of Good EULAR Response to the B Cell Depletion Therapy in All Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Clues for the Pathogenesis

Objective To find out whether a high number of auto-antibodies can increase the probability of a “good-EULAR response” and to identify the possible biomarkers of response in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing the B cell depletion therapy (BCDT). Patients and Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with long standing RA (LSRA), 75% non or poorly responsive to one or more TNFα blockers, all seropositive for at least one autoantibody (AAB) (RF-IgM, RF-IgA, RF-IgG, anti-MCV, ACPA-IgG, ACPA-IgA, ACPA-IgM) received one full course of BCDT. The major outcomes (moderate or good-EULAR response) were assessed after 6 months of therapy. The IL6 and BAFF levels were also determined. Results At a 6-month follow-up, 33 (23.9%) of the RA patients achieved a good EULAR response. Having up to 5-AABs positivity increased the chances for treatment response. After a logistic regression analysis, however, only 4 baseline factors arose as associated with a good-EULAR response: no steroid therapy (OR = 6.25), a lymphocyte count <1875/uL (OR = 10.74), a RF-IgG level >52.1 IU/ml (OR = 8.37) and BAFF levels <1011 pg/ml (OR = 7.38). When all the AABs, except for RF-IgM and ACPA-IgG, were left in the analysis, the two final predictors were no-steroid therapy and low lymphocyte count. Discussion The number of AABs increased the chances of being a “good-EULAR” responder. The only predictors, however, at the baseline of a good response in this seropositive cohort of RA patients were 2 simple variables – no steroids and lymphocyte count – and two laboratory assays – IgG-RF and BAFF.
Laser Photocoagulation Combined with Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Macular Edema

Purpose To evaluate therapeutic effects and usefulness of a combination treatment of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with clinically significant macular edema secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods Visual acuity test, fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were taken in 20 patients (20 eyes) of macular edema and PDR. A combination of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and PRP was performed in 10 patients (10 eyes) and a combination of focal or grid laser photocoaqulation and PRP in the remaining 10 eyes. The postoperative outcomes were compared between the two combination treatments by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tonometry, fluorescein angiography, and OCT at 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 3 months. Results Average BCVA (log MAR) significantly improved from preoperative 0.56±0.20 to 0.43±0.08 at 1 month (P=0.042) and it was maintained until 3 months after a combination of IVTA and PRP in 10 eyes (P=0.007). The thickness of fovea decreased from average 433.3±114.9 µm to average 279.5±34.1 µm at 2 weeks after combined treatment of IVTA and PRP (P=0.005), which was significantly maintained until 3 months, but there was a transient visual disturbance and no significant difference in thickness of the fovea before and after treatment in the groups with PRP and focal or grid laser photocoagulation. Conclusions A combination of IVTA and PRP might be an effective treatment modality in the treatment of macular edema and PDR and prevent the subsequent PRP-induced macular edema result in visual dysfunction. In combination with PRP, IVTA might be more effective than focal or grid laser photocoagulation and PRP for reducing diabetic macular edema and preventing aggravation of macular edema without transient visual disturbance in patients requiring immediate PRP.
FOR PDE-CONSTRAINED BAYESIAN INVERSE PROBLEMS

We present a systematic construction of FEM-based dimensionindependent (discretization-invariant) Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches to explore PDE-constrained Bayesian inverse problems in infinite dimensional parameter spaces. In particular, we consider two frameworks to achieve this goal: Metropolize-then-discretize and discretize-then-Metropolize. The former refers to the method of discretizing function-space MCMC methods. The latter, on the other hand, first discretizes the Bayesian inverse problem and then proposes MCMC methods for the resulting discretized posterior probability density. In general, these two frameworks do not commute, that is, the resulting finite dimensional MCMC algorithms are not identical. The discretization step of the former may not be trivial since it involves both numerical analysis and probability theory, while the latter, perhaps “easier”, may not be discretization-invariant using traditional approaches. This paper constructively develops finite element (FEM) discretization schemes for both frameworks and shows that both commutativity and discretizationinvariance are attained. In particular, it shows how to construct discretizethen-Metropolize approaches for both Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm and the hybrid Monte Carlo method that commute with their Metropolizethen-discretize counterparts. The key that enables this achievement is a proper FEM discretization of the prior, the likelihood, and the Bayes’ formula, together with a correct definition of quantities such as the gradient and the covariance matrix in discretized finite dimensional parameter spaces. The implication is that practitioners can take advantage of the developments in this paper to straightforwardly construct discretization-invariant discretize-thenMetropolize MCMC for large-scale inverse problems. Numerical results for oneand two-dimensional elliptic inverse problems with up to 17899 parameters are presented to support the proposed developments. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 62F15, 35Q62, 35R30; Secondary: 65C60.
On-Demand Data Elevation in Hierarchical Multimedia Storage Servers

Given the present cost of memories and the very large storage and bandwidth requirements of large-scale multimedia databases, hierarchical storage servers (which consist of RAM, disk storage, and robot-based tertiary libraries) are becoming increasingly popular. However, related research is scarce and employs tertiary storage for storage augmentation purposes only. This work, exploiting the ever-increasing performance offered by (par. titularly) modern tape library products, aims to utilize tertiary storage in order to augment the system’s performance. We consider the issue of elevating continuous data from its permanent place in tertiary for display purposes. Our primary goals are to save on the secondary storage bandwidth that traditional techniques require for the display of continuous objects, while requiring no additional . RAM buffer space. To this end we develop algorithms for sharing the responsibility for * Research supported by the European Community under the ESPRIT Long Term Research Project HERMES no. 9141. t Research supported by the Canadian government under NSERC grant number 0155218, and by the 1996-97 Going Global STEP program. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the wpies am not made or distributed for direct wmmerciol advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appenr, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the 23rd VLDB Conference Athens, Greece, 1997 York University North York, Ontario M3J lP3
Effect of postmenopausal hormones on inflammation-sensitive proteins: the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Study.

BACKGROUND Observational studies in healthy women suggest postmenopausal hormone therapy reduces risk of coronary events. In contrast, in a recent clinical trial of women with coronary disease, a subgroup analysis demonstrated increased risk during the early months of therapy. Because higher levels of inflammation factors predict vascular disease outcomes, the effect of hormones on these factors is of interest. METHODS AND RESULTS Four inflammation-sensitive factors, C-reactive protein, soluble E-selectin, von Willebrand factor antigen, and coagulation factor VIIIc were measured at baseline, 12, and 36 months in 365 participants of the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of 4 hormone preparations on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Compared with placebo, all 4 active preparations resulted in a large sustained increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein and a decrease in soluble E-selectin (P=0.0001). There were no effects of treatment on concentrations of von Willebrand factor or factor VIIIc. There were no differences in effects among treatment arms. Relative to placebo, when combining active treatment arms, final concentrations of C-reactive protein were 85% higher whereas E-selectin was 18% lower compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal hormones rapidly increased the concentration of the inflammation factor C-reactive protein. Such an effect may be related to adverse early effects of estrogen therapy. In contrast, hormones reduced the concentration of soluble E-selectin, and this might be considered an anti-inflammatory effect. Because PEPI was not designed to assess clinical endpoints, studies of the impact of hormone-mediated changes in inflammation on risk of subsequent coronary events are needed.