Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF GROUNDWATER AND PRECIPITATION IN NEBRASKA, USA

Nearly 60% of all water use in Nebraska is from groundwater, and over 90% of groundwater is used for irrigation. The sustainability of groundwater resources is dependent on groundwater recharge, and the combined evaluation of stable isotope composition of groundwater and precipitation represent an important tool to better understand this process. In the summer of 2011, 798 groundwater samples were collected across Nebraska by the Natural Resource Districts (NRDs), and analyzed for δ2H and δ18O of water by cavity ring down laser spectroscopy method, using a Picarro analyzer. Results indicated that isotopic composition of groundwater have not shown a strong systematic variation with depth of the screen, and values of δ18O ranged from -17.8 to -3.1‰, while δ2H ranged from -134.7 to -30.8‰, matching with the GMWL. The groundwater isotope composition follows a similar pattern of becoming more depleted moving from southeast to northwest, similar to the spatial variations observed on precipitation. Weighted growing season precipitation values are similar to the groundwater composition indicating the majority of groundwater recharge occurs during the summer months.
Nuclear envelope protein MAN1 regulates clock through BMAL1

Circadian clocks serve as internal pacemakers that influence many basic homeostatic processes; consequently, the expression and function of their components are tightly regulated by intricate networks of feedback loops that fine-tune circadian processes. Our knowledge of these components and pathways is far from exhaustive. In recent decades, the nuclear envelope has emerged as a global gene regulatory machine, although its role in circadian regulation has not been explored. We report that transcription of the core clock component BMAL1 is positively modulated by the inner nuclear membrane protein MAN1, which directly binds the BMAL1 promoter and enhances its transcription. Our results establish a novel connection between the nuclear periphery and circadian rhythmicity, therefore bridging two global regulatory systems that modulate all aspects of bodily functions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02981. 001
Central FoxO3a and FoxO6 expression is down-regulated in obesity induced diabetes but not in aging.

BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 resistance in neurons prolongs longevity. In C. elegans this effect is mediated via DAF-16 the ortholog of the mammalian FoxO transcription factors. 3 different FoxO transcription factors (FoxOs) are expressed in rodent CNS: FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO6. METHODS To define whether the different FoxOs are region-, sex- and age-specifically expressed, we analyzed FoxO mRNA levels in different brain regions from 6, 16, 60 and 100 weeks old mice using realtime-PCR. In addition, we fed mice a high fat diet (HFD) to experimentally induce obesity and diabetes and analyzed FoxO mRNA in the different brain regions. RESULTS Interestingly, FoxO1 was predominantly expressed in the hippocampus whereas FoxO3a was quantitatively the most abundant FoxO in the neocortex. During aging, FoxO1 expression peaked in all brain regions at 16 weeks and FoxO6 showed its highest expression at 60 weeks in the parietal and occipital cortex. In 6 weeks old mice FoxO6 expression was higher in male compared to female mice in the hippocampus and all cortical regions. Surprisingly, in HFD animals FoxO3a was significantly less expressed in the cerebellum and all cortical regions compared to control animals. Even more dramatic, FoxO6 expression dropped about 80% in all brain regions in response to HFD. CONCLUSION Thus, FoxOs in the CNS showed a highly distinct expression, which in addition was age- and sex-dependent. In contrast to FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO6 were specifically diminished in the CNS of HFD animals possibly contributing to the reduced lifespan observed in these animals.
The Reliability, Validity and Applicability of Two Sport-Specific Power Tests in Synchronized Swimming

The Reliability, Validity and Applicability of Two Sport-Specific Power Tests in Synchronized Swimming Sport-specific tests are rarely investigated in synchronized swimming (synchro). The aim of this research was to study the reliability and the validity of two sport-specific tests that are based on synchro elements, namely, the Barracuda thrust ("Barracuda") and the Boost. The Barracuda is a move in which the swimmer begins in the back pike position (head down with the legs perpendicular to the surface of the water) and then moves the legs and hips rapidly upward, unrolling the body to obtain a maximal vertical position above the surface of the water. The Boost occurs when the swimmer rises rapidly out of the water, head first, to bring as much of the body as possible above the surface of the water. Both patterns are considered power moves and are therefore theoretically related to explosive strength. This study involved 22 female competitive synchro swimmers aged 16-18 years. The variables examined included performance on the Barracuda, Boost and countermovement jump and anthropometric measures (body height, body weight and body composition). Statistical analyses showed appropriate reliability for all tests, with no systematic bias between trials. A factor analysis calculated for the Barracuda, Boost and countermovement jump revealed one significant factor based on the Guttmann-Kaiser criterion with all three tests significantly projected. The structure of the significant factor did not change if the results for the Boost and Barracuda were normalized for body height. The Boost and Barracuda, but not the countermovement jump, were significantly correlated with the competitive achievements of the swimmers. In conclusion, the Boost and Barracuda are reliable and valid measures of the explosive strength of synchronized swimmers and are significantly related to competitive achievement.
Real-Time Camera Tracking Using Known 3D Models and a Particle Filter

We present an algorithm which can track the 3D pose of a hand held camera in real-time using predefined models of objects in the scene. The technique utilises and extends recently developed techniques for 3D tracking with a particle filter. The novelty is in the use of edge information for 3D tracking which has not been achieved before within a realtime Bayesian sampling framework. We develop a robust tracker by carefully designing the particle filter observation model: grouping line segments from a known model into 3D junctions and performing fast inlier/outlier counts on projected junction branches. Results demonstrate the ability to track full 3D pose in dense clutter whilst using a minimal number of junctions
Variation in ancillary testing among pediatric asthma patients seen in emergency departments.

BACKGROUND Variation in the management of acute pediatric asthma within emergency departments is largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether ancillary testing for patients with asthma would be associated with patient, physician, and hospital characteristics. METHODS The authors performed an analysis of a subset of patients from an extensive retrospective chart review of randomly selected charts at all 25 member emergency departments of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Patients with a diagnosis of asthma were selected for supplemental review and included in this study. Ancillary tests analyzed were chest radiographs and selected blood tests. Hierarchical analyses were performed to describe the associations between ancillary testing and the variables of interest. RESULTS A total of 12,744 chart abstractions were completed, of which 734 (6%) were patients with acute exacerbations of asthma. Overall, 302 patients with asthma (41%) had ancillary testing. Of the 734 patients with asthma, 198 (27%) had chest radiographs and 104 (14%) had blood tests. Chest radiographs were more likely to be ordered in patients with fever. Less blood testing was associated with physician subspecialty training in pediatric emergency medicine, patients treated at children's hospitals, higher patient oxygen saturation, and patient disposition to home. CONCLUSIONS Ancillary testing occurred in more than one third of children with asthma, with chest radiographs ordered most frequently. Efforts to reduce the use of chest radiographs should target the management of febrile patients with asthma, whereas efforts to reduce blood testing should target providers without subspecialty training in pediatric emergency medicine and patients treated in nonchildren's hospitals who are more ill.
Organization of trigeminocollicular connections and their relations to the sensory innervation of the eyelids in the rat

Relationships between the trigeminal component of blinking and the superior colliculus (SC) were studied in rats. To localize primary afferent eyelid projections in the sensory trigeminal complex, neuronal tracing experiments were performed as well as analysis of c‐Fos protein expression after supraorbital (SO) nerve stimulation. Labelled nerve fibers were found to enter ventrally within the ipsilateral sensory trigeminal complex. Labelled boutons were observed at the junction of the principal nucleus (5P) and the pars oralis (5o) and in the pars caudalis (5c). The c‐Fos immunoreactivity was observed in neurons located in the ipsilateral ventral parts of 5P, 5o, and the pars interpolaris (5i) and bilaterally in 5c. Injections in 5P, 5o, 5i, and 5c resulted in anterogradely labelled fibers, with a contralateral preponderance, within the intermediate and deeper SC layers. Injections in 5P or 5o showed anterogradely labelled nerve fibers, profusely terminating in small patches in the medial and central portions of SC layer 4. Subsequently, dense labelling was found in the lateral portion of SC layers 4–7, without patch‐like organization. Injections in SC showed retrogradely labelled neurons predominantly within the contralateral part of the sensory trigeminal complex (28% in 5P, 20% in 5o, 50% in 5i, and 2% in 5c). Colocalization of the retrograde tracer after SC injections and c‐Fos immunoreactivity in neurons demonstrated that some 5P, 5o, and 5i neurons receive SO nerve inputs and project to SC. This implies that intermediate and deeper SC layers receive sensory information from the eyelids and may be directly involved in the regulation of eye–eyelid coordination. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:373–387, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Membrane-Filtered Municipal Wastewater Used for Irrigation

ABSTRACT A wastewater tertiary treatment system based on membrane ultrafiltration and fed with secondary-treated municipal wastewater was evaluated for its Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst removal efficiency. Giardia duodenalis (assemblages A and B) and Cryptosporidium parvum were identified in feed water but were found in filtered water only during occasional failure of the filtration system.
Metal Oxide Nanowire Preparation and Their Integration into Chemical Sensing Devices at the SENSOR Lab in Brescia

Metal oxide 1D nanowires are probably the most promising structures to develop cheap stable and selective chemical sensors. The purpose of this contribution is to review almost two-decades of research activity at the Sensor Lab Brescia on their preparation during by vapor solid (n-type In2O3, ZnO), vapor liquid solid (n-type SnO2 and p-type NiO) and thermal evaporation and oxidation (n-type ZnO, WO3 and p-type CuO) methods. For each material we’ve assessed the chemical sensing performance in relation to the preparation conditions and established a rank in the detection of environmental and industrial pollutants: SnO2 nanowires were effective in DMMP detection, ZnO nanowires in NO2, acetone and ethanol detection, WO3 for ammonia and CuO for ozone.
Rethinking recommendations for screening for depression in primary care

Screening for depression in primary care is an issue that is highly contentious and hotly debated, and recommendations have evolved over time. For example, early policy statements from the 1990s in Canada[1][1] and the United States[2][2] recommended against screening for depression in primary care[
Quality Evaluation of Earth Dam and Pond Water in Gella, Mubi South Local Government Area

4 The present work was to evaluate the quality of ponds and earth dam water of Gella town in 5 Mubi South Local Government Area of Adamawa State in order to examine its suitability for 6 drinking and domestic purposes. Four ponds and an earth dam water samples were collected each 7 during dry seasons between the months of November to April 2015/2016. The samples were 8 analyzed using arithmetic mean and standard deviation which was then compared with the World 9 Health Organization (WHO) and NAFDAC standard. Physicochemical parameters were studied 10 using standard methods, concentrations of heavy metals determined using atomic absorption 11 spectroscopy and bacteriological analysis conducted using standard methods. Result of the 12 analyses revealed that the water samples were slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (pH 5.60 ± 0.17 13 – 7.20 ± 0.12). The calcium concentration in water studied were all below that of magnesium 14 concentration which was between 0.94±0.01 to 2.17±0.01mg/L and these magnesium 15 concentrations were within permissible WHO and NAFDAC recommended standard limits. 16 While the coliform count were above WHO and NAFDAC standards for drinking water, and the 17 water samples were good for drinking and domestic purposes. Regular monitoring of the water 18 quality of the area and provision of industrial motorized borehole water for easy distribution to 19 the community have been strongly recommended. 20
Citrate versus Acetate-Based Dialysate in On-Line Haemodiafiltration. A Prospective Cross-Over Study

Background and Aims: A bicarbonate dialysate acidified with citrate (CD) has been reported to have local anticoagulant effect and improves biocompatibility. This study examines the effect of CD on dialysis efficiency, coagulation, acid-base status, electrolytes, and inflammation in patients in on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF). Methods: 35 patients in OL-HDF were enrolled in a prospective, cross-over study for a 24-week period and two phases alternating CD and acetate dialysate fluid (AD). Parameters on study were predialysis levels of bicarbonate and ionic calcium, reactive C Protein (CRP), and beta-2 microglobulin (B2MG) and postdialysis levels of activated tromboplastine time, bicarbonate, and ionized calcium. Results: No significant differences in coagulation parameters, pH, and predialysis bicarbonate were found. The postdialysis bicarbonate and postdialysis calcium were lower with CD. Dialysis efficiency was greater with CD. Regarding inflammatory parameters, both CRP and B2MG were lower using CD. Conclusion: The use of CD is safe and effective in OL-HDF, and it improves dialysis efficacy, postdialysis alkalosis, and inflammation.
Risperidone Attenuates the Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of d-Amphetamine in Humans

Studies conducted with nonhuman laboratory animals have consistently shown that atypical antipsychotics that are mixed dopamine and serotonin antagonists attenuate the discriminative-stimulus effects of amphetamine. In the present experiment, eight healthy humans learned to discriminate 15 mg of oral d-amphetamine. After acquiring the discrimination (i.e., ≥80% correct responding on four consecutive days), the effects of a range of doses of d-amphetamine (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg), alone and after pretreatment with risperidone (0 and 1 mg), a D2 dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2 serotonin antagonist, were assessed. d-Amphetamine alone functioned as a discriminative stimulus and produced stimulant-like self-reported drug effects (e.g., increased ratings of “like drug”). These effects were generally a function of dose. Risperidone alone did not occasion d-amphetamine-appropriate responding, but impaired performance. Risperidone pretreatment significantly attenuated the discriminative-stimulus effects of d-amphetamine, and some of the self-reported drug effects. The results of the present experiment suggest that combining drug-discrimination and self-reported drug-effect questionnaires may be an effective strategy for assessing the behavioral effects of agonist-antagonist interactions. Future studies should compare the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine after pretreatment with a selective D2 dopamine (e.g., haloperidol) or 5-HT2 serotonin (e.g., ritanserin) antagonist to determine the relative contribution of dopamine and serotonin systems in mediating the behavioral effects of stimulants in humans. The results of these studies might guide the development of a pharmacotherapy for the treatment of amphetamine abuse/dependence.
Comparison of permeatal medial placement of graft without raising the tympano-meatal flaps to conventional methods of myringoplasty: An experience at tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objective: To compare the results of permeatal approach without raising the tympano-meatal flap to end-aural or post-aural approach in myringoplasty. Methods: This Quasi-experimental study was carried out in CMH (Combined Military Hospital) Peshawar, from August 2006 to July 2013. Three hundred fifty patients of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with dry central; small, medium and large perforations were selected. They were divided into two groups depending upon the type of approach. In Group-A (n-200); permeatal approach without raising tympano-meatal flap was used; while in Group-B (n-150) end-aural or post-aural approach was used. Subjects were followed up for two years; graft take was checked regularly by examinations of ear under microscope. Data was collected on structured Performa and analysed by SPSS-17. Results: Male and female were 74% and 26% respectively; Age ranged from 15 to 46 Years. There was no significant difference in the graft success at the end of two years in Group-A(80%) and Group-B(85%) (p-0.261). Type of approach had a significant impact on duration of surgery(p<0.001) and post-operative recovery time(p<0.001). Conclusion: The permeatal approach and end-aural/post-aural approach had almost equal graft success rates, but former is more useful as it causes lesser morbidity, decreased post-operative hospital stay and reduced operative time. It is under-utilized and should be employed more frequently.
Distinctive Heavy Metal Composition of Pancreatic Juice in Patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma

Epidemiologic studies have shown the health risks of exposure to cigarette smoke and air pollution, with heavy metal composition implicated as contributing to both. Environmental exposure to cigarette smoke has been epidemiologically associated with pancreatic cancer, but the pathophysiologic basis for this is not yet clear. In the current work, we have used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify the metal composition of pancreatic juice collected in response to secretin stimulation in successive patients evaluated for abdominal pain (35 with pancreatic cancer, 30 with chronic pancreatitis, and 35 with normal pancreas). Indeed, metal composition of pancreatic juice was distinctive in patients with pancreatic cancer relative to those without such a cancer. The metal concentrations that were found to have the strongest association with pancreatic cancer were chromium, selenium, and molybdenum, with 1 SD increases in the concentrations of each associated with substantial increases in the odds of having pancreatic cancer relative to those in patients with normal pancreas (210%, 160%, and 76%, respectively). Of note, elevations in concentrations of chromium and selenium did not correlate in individuals, whereas those having a 1 SD increase in the sum of the concentrations of these two metals in their pancreatic juice had a 480% increase in the odds of having pancreatic cancer. Elevations of nickel and zinc correlated with elevated chromium in individuals, with each of these metals known to be present in cigarette smoke, whereas other recognized metal components of cigarette smoke were not elevated. An understanding of why these metals are elevated in pancreatic juice and what effects they might have on pancreatic cells may have important implications for the diagnosis, treatment, and even prevention of pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2656–63)
EgoCap

Marker-based and marker-less optical skeletal motion-capture methods use an outside-in arrangement of cameras placed around a scene, with viewpoints converging on the center. They often create discomfort with marker suits, and their recording volume is severely restricted and often constrained to indoor scenes with controlled backgrounds. Alternative suit-based systems use several inertial measurement units or an exoskeleton to capture motion with an inside-in setup, i.e. without external sensors. This makes capture independent of a confined volume, but requires substantial, often constraining, and hard to set up body instrumentation. Therefore, we propose a new method for real-time, marker-less, and egocentric motion capture: estimating the full-body skeleton pose from a lightweight stereo pair of fisheye cameras attached to a helmet or virtual reality headset - an optical inside-in method, so to speak. This allows full-body motion capture in general indoor and outdoor scenes, including crowded scenes with many people nearby, which enables reconstruction in larger-scale activities. Our approach combines the strength of a new generative pose estimation framework for fisheye views with a ConvNet-based body-part detector trained on a large new dataset. It is particularly useful in virtual reality to freely roam and interact, while seeing the fully motion-captured virtual body.
Climate change on Twitter: Content, media ecology and information sharing behaviour

This article presents a study of the content, use of sources and information sharing about climate change analysing over 60,000 tweets collected using a random week sample. We discuss the potential for studying Twitter as a communicative space that is rich in different types of information and presents both new challenges and opportunities. Our analysis combines automatic thematic analysis, semantic network analysis and text classification according to psychological process categories. We also consider the media ecology of tweets and the external web links that users shared. In terms of content, the network of topics uncovered presents a multidimensional discourse that accounts for complex causal links between climate change and its consequences. The media ecology analysis revealed a narrow set of sources with a major role played by traditional media and that emotionally arousing text was more likely to be shared.
Goodput enhancement of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN via link adaptation

IEEE 802.11a is a new high-speed physical layer (PHY) defined for the 5 GHz U-NII bands as a supplement to the existing IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) standard. We give an overview of the IEEE 802.11a orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) PHY with eight different PHY rates as well as the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 MAC, then derive the goodput performance analytically for peer-to-peer communication under the DCF. Based on the numerical results, we claim that link adaptation, which performs both dynamic fragmentation and PHY rate selection depending on the wireless channel condition between the transmitter and receiver, is an attractive way to improve the goodput performance of an IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN. Finally, we propose a system architecture to perform link adaptation.