Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homology and derived p‐series of groups

We give homological conditions that ensure that a group homomorphism induces an isomorphism modulo any term of the derived p − series, in analogy to Stallings's 1963 result for the p‐lower central series. In fact, we prove a stronger theorem that is analogous to Dwyer's extensions of Stallings’ results. It follows that spaces that are ℤp‐homology equivalent have isomorphic fundamental groups modulo any term of their p‐derived series. Various authors have related the ranks of the successive quotients of the p‐lower central series and of the derived p‐series of the fundamental group of a 3‐manifold M to the volume of M, to whether certain subgroups of π1(M) are free, to whether finite index subgroups of π1(M) map onto non‐abelian free groups, and to whether finite covers of M are ‘large’ in various other senses.
Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites, plasma-rich platelet serotonin and [3H]imipramine reuptake in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome.

BACKGROUND Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a chronic disorder commonly seen in rheumatological practice. The pathophysiological disturbances of this syndrome, which was defined by the American College of Rheumatology in 1990, are poorly understood. This study evaluated, in 30 patients, the hypothesis that PFS is a pain modulation disorder induced by deregulation of serotonin metabolism. OBJECTIVES To compare platelet [(3)H]imipramine binding sites and serotonin (5-HT) levels in plasma-rich platelets (PRP) of PFS patients with those of matched healthy controls and to compare the levels of biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PFS patients with those of matched controls. METHODS Platelet [(3)H]imipramine binding sites were defined by two criteria, B(max) for their density and K(d) for their affinity. PRP 5-HT and CSF metabolites of 5-HT (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA), norepinephrine (3-methoxy, 4-hydroxy phenylglycol, MHPG) and dopamine (homovanillic acid, HVA) were assayed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection. RESULTS [(3)H]Imipramine platelet binding was similar (P=0.43 for B(max) and P=0.30 for K(d)) in PFS patients (B(max)=901+/-83 fmol/mg protein, K(d)=0.682+/-0.046) and in matched controls (B(max)=1017+/-119 fmol/mg protein, K(d)=0.606+/-0.056). PRP 5-HT was significantly higher (P=0.0009) in PFS patients (955+/-101 ng/10(9) platelets) than in controls (633+/-50 ng/10(9) platelets). When adjusted for age, the levels of all CSF metabolites were lower in PFS patients. The CSF metabolite of norepinephrine (MHPG) was lower (P:=0.003) in PFS patients (8.33+/-0.33 ng/ml) than in matched controls (9.89+/-0.31 ng/ml) and 5-HIAA was lower (P=0.042) in PFS female patients (22.34+/-1.78 ng/ml) than in matched controls (25.75+/-1.75 ng/ml). For HVA in females, the difference between PFS patients (36.32+/-3.20 ng/ml) and matched controls (38.32+/-2.90 ng/ml) approached statistical significance (P=0.054). CONCLUSION Changes in metabolites of CSF biogenic amines appear to be partially correlated to age but remained diagnosis-dependent. High levels of PRP 5-HT in PFS patients were associated with low CSF 5-HIAA levels in female patients but were not accompanied by any change in serotonergic uptake as assessed by platelet [(3)H]imipramine binding sites. These findings do not allow us to confirm that serotonin metabolism is deregulated in PFS patients.
Hedgehog signaling regulates ciliary localization of mouse odorant receptors

Significance Cells communicate with each other via signaling molecules that bind to surface receptors of responding cells. One example is Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which is known for its regulatory role of tissue development and maintenance. Here we identify a Hh function, which is to regulate the sense of smell. Hh signaling modulates odorant responsiveness by regulating the accumulation of odorant receptors (ORs) in the olfactory ciliary compartment, which is where odorant detection is initiated. Since the mechanism appears evolutionarily conserved, even though the structures of ORs are not, the results open for the interesting possibility that Hh signaling may regulate protein transport and stimuli responsiveness also in other types of neurons. The ciliary localization of odorant receptors (ORs) is evolutionary conserved and essential for olfactory transduction. However, how the transport of ORs is regulated in mammalian olfactory sensory neurons is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that odorant responsiveness and OR transport is regulated by the Hedgehog pathway. OR transport is inhibited by conditional gene inactivation of the Hedgehog signal mediator Smoothened (Smo) as well as by systemic administration of the Smo inhibitor vismodegib, a clinically used anticancer drug reported to distort smell perception in patients. The ciliary phenotype of Smo inhibition is haploinsufficient, cell autonomous, and correlates with the accumulation of OR-containing putative transport vesicles in the cytosol. The Smo-dependent OR transport route works in parallel with a low basal transport of vesicle containing both ORs and other olfactory transduction components. These findings both define a physiological function of Hedgehog signaling in olfaction and provide an important evolutionary link between olfaction and the requirement of a ciliary compartment for Hedgehog signaling.
Enhanced Proton Translocating Pyrophosphatase Activity Improves Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Romaine Lettuce1[C][W][OA]

A simple genetic manipulation triggers enhanced nitrogen use efficiency in lettuce. Plant nitrate (NO3−) acquisition depends on the combined activities of root high- and low-affinity NO3− transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. These processes are coordinated with photosynthesis and the carbon status of the plant. Here, we present the characterization of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Conquistador’) plants engineered to overexpress an intragenic gain-of-function allele of the type I proton translocating pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The proton-pumping and inorganic pyrophosphate hydrolytic activities of these plants are augmented compared with control plants. Immunohistochemical data show a conspicuous increase in H+-PPase protein abundance at the vasculature of the transgenic plants. Transgenic plants displayed an enhanced rhizosphere acidification capacity consistent with the augmented plasma membrane H+-ATPase proton transport values, and ATP hydrolytic capacities evaluated in vitro. These transgenic lines outperform control plants when challenged with NO3− limitations in laboratory, greenhouse, and field scenarios. Furthermore, we report the characterization of a lettuce LsNRT2.1 gene that is constitutive up-regulated in the transgenic plants. Of note, the expression of the LsNRT2.1 gene in control plants is regulated by NO3− and sugars. Enhanced accumulation of 15N-labeled fertilizer by transgenic lettuce compared with control plants was observed in greenhouse experiments. A negative correlation between the level of root soluble sugars and biomass is consistent with the strong root growth that characterizes these transgenic plants.
What Eminent People Have Said About The Meaning Of Life

Two-hundred and thirty-eight quotations from 195 eminent people regarding their beliefs about the meaning of life were content analyzed. The main themes (in order of their frequency) are as follows: "Life is to be enjoyed," "We are here to love and help others," "It is a mystery," "There is no cosmic meaning," "We are here to serve or worship God," "Life is a struggle," "We must make a contribution to society," "Our mission in life is to seek wisdom/truth, and to become selfactualized," "We must create meaning for ourselves," and "Life is absurd or a joke. " Discussion focuses on the meaning of the results and implications for practice.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESS AND SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT The question of how much progress has been made in any sphere of life calls for the interrogation of both the meanings and measurements of progress. This applies to discussions on ‘progress’ made by scientific disciplines. For a discipline such as geography, which stands at the confluence of philosophies of science, evaluating progress is a complex undertaking. Nevertheless, philosophies of progress could possibly highlight the ebbs and flows of the discipline. In this paper, I appropriate one of the many versions of the philosophies of progress to assess the achievements and shortcomings of South African geography over the last three decades. The paper concludes that, while the influence of mainstream geography cannot be discounted, local political environments have profound impact on the twists and turns of local geography.
Use of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers in a cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of sedatives and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBs) and their impact in outcome in an international cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. METHODS We analyzed the database of a prospective, multicenter cohort of 5,183 adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for > 12 h. We considered that a patient received a given agent when it was administered for at least 3 h in a 24-h period. RESULTS A total of 3,540 patients (68%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 67 to 69%) received a sedative at any time while receiving mechanical ventilation. The median number of days of use was 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 6 days). The persistent use of sedative was associated with more days of mechanical ventilation (median, 4 days [IQR, 2 to 8 days], vs 3 days [IQR, 2 to 4 days] in patients who did not receive sedatives [p < 0.001]); more weaning days (median, 2 days [IQR, 1 to 3 days], vs 2 days [IQR, 1 to 5 days] in patients who did not receive sedatives [p < 0.001]); and longer length of stay in the ICU (median, 8 days [IQR, 5 to 15 days], vs 5 days [IQR, 3 to 9 days] in patients who did not receive sedatives [p < 0.001]). Six hundred eighty-six patients (13%; 95% CI, 12 to 14%) received an NMB for at least 1 day. The median number of days of use was 2 (IQR, 1 to 4 days). The administration of an NMB was independently related with age, a normal previous functional status, main reason of mechanical ventilation (patients with ARDS received more NMBs), and with patient management (patients requiring permissive hypercapnia, prone position, high level of positive end-expiratory pressure, and high airways pressure). CONCLUSIONS The use of sedatives is very common, and their use is associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, weaning time, and stay in the ICU. NMBs are used in 13% of the patients and are associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, weaning time, stay in the ICU, and higher mortality.
Narratives in accounting and management research

People reason, learn and persuade in two distinct modes – through stories (narration) and by numbers (calculation). In everyday life narration is privileged over calculation. We understand our lives through narratives, narrating experiences first to ourselves – to convince others – and then to others – to persuade them. However, within the research community, calculating dominates narrating for reasoning, learning and persuading. This is the case for research in both the natural sciences and the social sciences. Although, in the social sciences, narratives are accepted as research inputs (in the form of interview transcripts), less thought has been given to narratives as research outputs. This article looks at the construction of narratives in accounting and management research, where there is now a significant, albeit a minority, interest. Three main issues are discussed: first, the potential for narrative research that identifies forms of argument (or strategizing) in the field; second, the usefulness of aggregating these individual strategizing accounts to construct emergent projects at the organizational level; and, third, the evaluation of this strategizing by revealing how it coalesces in and around key management control processes and events. The research question is “How are narratives best understood, constructed and used as forms of explanation and rhetorical argument in accounting and management research? ”
Compact Decomposition Theory

In this letter, we develop several new aspects of target decomposition theory for use with compact-mode polarimetric radar data. We first make a general link between fully polarimetric systems and compact modes before developing two important types of decomposition, namely, entropy/alpha and model-based surface/dihedral/volume techniques. We show that, under certain assumptions, compact data can be used to estimate the rotation invariant alpha angle of quadpol systems, which can then be used for polarimetric classification and physical parameter estimation. We apply the new methods to the problem of historical forest fire scar detection, using data at L- and C-bands to demonstrate the preservation of signatures in transition from quad to compact modes.
Bedouin households and sheep production in the Negev desert, Israel.

spontaneous hamlets in the Negev that depend on raising small ruminants (mainly sheep) as their main source of livelihood. Grazing lands allotted to them are insufficient to meet year-round flock maintenance, yet flock movement to available grazing areas is strictly restricted by government rules and regulations. Today, flock owners are perceived by government authorities and, indeed, by the general public, as living on both the geographic and economic margins of the Negev. They practice pastoralism on uncultivable lands or on fallow and aftermath fields, and only about 10 per cent of Bedouin depend on sheep for their livelihood. It is surprising then, that in the late 1980s when many kibbutzim and moshavim abandoned sheep raising because of rising input costs and falling sheep prices, that Bedouin continued to keep their flocks. There are indications that they may even have increased their holdings. How were the Bedouin able to support their households by raising sheep in a changing physical, economic and socio-political environment not conducive to this enterprise and how are they able to do so today?
Evidence for ETA and ETB receptors in rat skin and an investigation of their function in the cutaneous microvasculature

1 The relative contribution of ETA and ETB receptors in the response of rat skin to endothelins was investigated by use of the selective ETB agonist IRL‐1620 and the selective ETA antagonist BQ‐123. 2 Binding data suggest the presence of ETA and ETB receptors as preincubation with [Ala3′11,18Nle7]‐endothelin‐1 reduced ET‐1 binding by approximately 40%. 3 Intradermal injection of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1, 1–10 pmol/site) and ET‐3 (3–100 pmol/site) induced a dose‐dependent decrease in local blood flow assessed by 133Xe clearance at test sites in rat skin. 4 The endothelin analogue [Ala3′11,18Nle7]‐ET‐l (30–1000 pmol/site) induced significant vasoconstriction (P<0.05) at the highest doses used and the selective ETB receptor agonist, IRL‐1620 [Suc‐[Glu9, Ala11,15] endothelin (8–21)], (0.01–100 pmol/site) acted in a potent manner to induce a significant (P<0.01) dose‐dependent decrease in 133Xe clearance. 5 Co‐injection with the selective ETA receptor antagonist, BQ‐123 (1 nmol/site), completely abolished the vasoconstriction to ET‐1 and partially to ET‐3, but had no effect on IRL‐1620‐induced vasoconstriction. In addition, IRL‐1620 responses were not altered at sites treated with submaximal doses of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor. 6 ET‐1 and IRL‐1620 (100 fmol‐1 pmol/site) did not induce oedema formation as measured by [125I]‐albumin accumulation in the presence or absence of the vasodilator, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). ET‐1 (1–3 pmol/site) inhibited substance P‐induced oedema formation and this effect, suggested to be secondary to a vasoconstrictor effect, was significantly reversed by BQ‐123 (1 nmol/site). 7 The findings in this study indicate that there are ETA and ETB receptors in rat skin and agents which activate either receptor act to mediate a decrease in cutaneous blood flow, but have no effect on increased microvascular permeability.
Aging and visual search: Generalized cognitive slowing or selective deficit in attention?

Abstract Selective attention in normal aging was investigated using simple and conjoined feature visual search tasks. the effects of varying the location of the target (central vs. peripheral, left vs. right hemifield) and the complement of distractors, together with variability in task performance across subject groups, were also examined. the findings indicated that the feature extraction stage of visual search was preserved in older aged subjects. However, there was a differential age-related impairment in the feature integration stage of visual processing in the two older groups (66-75 years, 76-85 years). This was greater than the magnitude of decline predicted on the basis of generalized cognitive slowing. There was no evidence of a speed-accuracy trade-off in the performance of either search task. the findings of this study contribute towards the delineation of age-dependent and -independent processes subserving visual selective attention. the performance of older individuals may be relatively well.
Follow-up of healthy donors receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization and collection. Results of the Spanish Donor Registry

Information about the long-term follow-up and safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration to healthy donors is limited. Findings of this study indicate that clinical side effects are generally mild, and that development of secondary hematologic malignancy is unlikely. Background Information about the long-term follow-up and safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration to healthy donors is limited. The aims of this study were to analyze the side effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in donors included in a Spanish Registry of hematopoietic stem cell donors and to determine the long-term outcome of these donors. Design and Methods The Spanish National Donor Registry was developed to record the short- and long-term results of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells in normal donors. To date, 1436 donors (771 males, 665 females) with a median age of 37 years (range, 1 to 74 years) have been registered. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was the only cytokine administered. A baseline investigation was performed in every donor before granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration and follow-up investigations (controls) were planned at 4 weeks and annually thereafter for up to 5 years after the mobilization. Results At least one of the scheduled controls was performed in 736 donors, while 320 donors have been followed for 2 years or more. The peripheral white blood cell count decreased significantly from 6.8×109/L at baseline to 5.9×109/L at 4 weeks after leukapheresis (p<0.0001) and remained at values lower than those observed premobilization until 2 years after mobilization. In contrast, hemoglobin concentration and platelet count returned to normal values within 1 year after mobilization. Bone pain (90%) and headache (33%) were the most frequently reported granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related side effects. Five patients (0.68%) were diagnosed as having solid tumors (lung cancer in two patients and thyroid carcinoma, choroid melanoma, and colon carcinoma in one patient each) between 10 and 64 months after administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. No hematologic malignancies have been reported. Conclusions The clinical side effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in healthy donors are generally mild. Changes in blood counts were minimal and mainly affected white blood cell counts, which returned to normal values within 2 years after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration. No patient developed a hematologic malignancy. A larger number of donors and longer follow-up are needed to determine the safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration definitively.
Femtosecond laser photodisruption of primate trabecular meshwork: an ex vivo study.

PURPOSE The femtosecond laser has been realized as an advantageous tool for micromachining, and the feasibility of employing it for surgical procedures has been investigated. A prior study demonstrated dose-dependent femtosecond laser photodisruption of peripheral corneal tissue through a gonioscopic lens in enucleated porcine eyes and of the trabecular meshwork (TM) in human corneoscleral rim tissues, with little collateral damage. The present study was undertaken to extend these efforts to ex vivo primate eyes. METHODS Photodisruption of the TM in enucleated baboon eyes and human donor eyes was performed with a gonioscopic lens and a custom femtosecond laser ablation delivery system. Laser ablation was executed with a Titanium:Sapphire laser (800-nm wavelength), focused with a 0.15-NA lens, with the following settings: pulse duration, 45 fs; pulse energy, 60 to 480 microJ; pulse repetition rate, 1 kHz, total exposure time, 0.001 to 0.3 seconds. The laser lesions were evaluated by two-photon microscopy. RESULTS Laser-induced lesions were consistently observed in the TM of the baboon and human eyes and visualized by two-photon microscopy. These oblique, trough-shaped lesions, which did not penetrate the juxtacanalicular region, had sharp edges and showed no evidence of thermal coagulation. The dimensions of the lesion increased linearly with both pulse energy and exposure time. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that laser ablation of the TM ab interno in ex vivo primate eyes is feasible by a custom femtosecond laser ablation system with a gonioscopic lens.
A Genre Approach to the Study of Im-politeness

This paper argues that genre notions, as understood by (Fairclough, 2003), can provide an overarching unit of analysis to accommodate both top-down and bottom-up analyses of impoliteness. These notions are here applied to the study impoliteness within an institutional genre: news interviews. Impoliteness is seen as the driving force behind a new genre, "news as confrontation", whose communicative goal is to reaffirm a view of the world. The multifunctionality of impoliteness in this context has been related to a mismatch between the introduction of impoliteness as a novel staple in the news as confrontation shows, and the unchanged social expectations of politeness as the default term in social interaction. At the level of the relationship between interviewee and interviewer, impoliteness manifests itself both at the lexico-grammatical level and interactionally. However, impoliteness is used to create rapport between the interviewer and the overhearing audience. Thus, incivility toward those guests who differ ideologically from the audience has to be assessed as rapport building, and seen as constitutive rather than disruptive of communal life. I provide two examples of the new genre by providing an in-depth analysis of two interviews by Bill O'Reilly for Fox News' The O'Reilly Factor the epitome of news as confrontation shows.