Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells

The epiphysis of femur and tibia in the lizard Podarcis muralis can extensively regenerate after injury. The process involves the articular cartilage and metaphyseal (growth) plate after damage. The secondary ossification center present between the articular cartilage and the growth plate is replaced by cartilaginous epiphyses after about one month of regeneration at high temperature. The present study analyzes the origin of the chondrogenic cells from putative stem cells located in the growing centers of the epiphyses. The study is carried out using immunocytochemistry for the detection of 5BrdU-labeled long retaining cells and for the localization of telomerase, an enzyme that indicates stemness. The observations show that putative stem cells retaining 5BrdU and positive for telomerase are present in the superficial articular cartilage and metaphyseal growth plate located in the epiphyses. This observation suggests that these areas represent stem cell niches lasting for most of the lifetime of lizards. In healthy long bones of adult lizards, the addition of new chondrocytes from the stem cells population in the articular cartilage and the metaphyseal growth plate likely allows for slow, continuous longitudinal growth. When the knee is injured in the adult lizard, new populations of chondrocytes actively producing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan are derived from these stem cells to allow for the formation of completely new cartilaginous epiphyses, possibly anticipating the re-formation of secondary centers in later stages. The study suggests that in this lizard species, the regenerative ability of the epiphyses is a pre-adaptation to the regeneration of the articular cartilage.
Motivating language teachers

Recent theorising in research on language teachers’ conceptual change has suggested that transforming language classrooms into engaging learning environments begins with teachers’ vision (Kubanyiova 2012). This chapter considers the significance of this finding through the lens of practical proposals for motivating language teachers’ deep reflection on their praxis. Situating the discussion in the wider domain of language teacher cognition research, this chapter adopts a theoretical framework of language teachers’ possible selves and outlines three key processes involved in inspiring language teachers’ vision: the teachers’ reflection on the who (i.e. the person doing the teaching), engagement with the why (i.e. the bigger purposes guiding language teachers’ work), and the construction of the image (i.e. a visual representation of desired teaching selves).
Is an Image Worth More than a Thousand Words? On the Fine-Grain Semantic Differences between Visual and Linguistic Representations

Human concept representations are often grounded with visual information, yet some aspects of meaning cannot be visually represented or are better described with language. Thus, vision and language provide complementary information that, properly combined, can potentially yield more complete concept representations. Recently, state-of-the-art distributional semantic models and convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in representing linguistic and visual knowledge respectively. In this paper, we compare both, visual and linguistic representations in their ability to capture different types of fine-grain semantic knowledge—or attributes—of concepts. Humans often describe objects using attributes, that is, properties such as shape, color or functionality, which often transcend the linguistic and visual modalities. In our setting, we evaluate how well attributes can be predicted by using the unimodal representations as inputs. We are interested in first, finding out whether attributes are generally better captured by either the vision or by the language modality; and second, if none of them is clearly superior (as we hypothesize), what type of attributes or semantic knowledge are better encoded from each modality. Ultimately, our study sheds light on the potential of combining visual and textual representations.
Leukemia Cells T-Cell Lines and Primary Adult T-Cell T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Deacetylase Inhibitor FR 901228 in Human Apoptosis Induced by the Histone

10.1128/JVI.78. 9.4582-4590.2004. 2004, 78(9):4582. DOI: J. Virol. Iwamasa, Masao Tomonaga and Naoki Yamamoto Yoshihiro Yamasaki, Yuetsu Tanaka, Takao Ohta, Teruo Kinjo, Yasuaki Yamada, Kunihiro Tsukasaki, Shuichi Ikeda, Naoki Mori, Takehiro Matsuda, Masayuki Tadano, Takao Leukemia Cells T-Cell Lines and Primary Adult T-Cell T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Deacetylase Inhibitor FR901228 in Human Apoptosis Induced by the Histone
Chekanov–Eliashberg invariants and transverse approximations of Legendrian knots

In this article, we consider Legendrian and transverse knots in the standard contact space, that is in R3 with the contact structure globally given by the 1-form α = ydx− dz. It is well-known that a little push of an oriented Legendrian knot Γ in the direction of its positive normal within the contact structure changes it into a transverse knot Γ+, whose natural orientation, as determined by α, matches the chosen orientation of Γ; pushing Γ in the direction of its negative normal produces the transverse knot Γ− of the opposite orientation. Any transverse knot is transverse isotopic to Γ+ derived from some oriented Legendrian knot Γ, and if Legendrian knots Γ,Γ′ are Legendrian isotopic, then Γ+,Γ′+ are transverse isotopic. Besides their topological invariants, Legendrian and transverse knots have classical invariants of contact origin: The Thurston-Bennequin number τβ(Γ) and the Maslov number μ(Γ) for a Legendrian knot Γ and the ThurstonBennequin number τβ(Γ) for a transverse knot Γ. Furthermore, τβ(Γ) = τβ(Γ) + μ(Γ), τβ(Γ−) = τβ(Γ)− μ(Γ).
THE RENORMALIZED VOLUME AND UNIFORMIZATION OF CONFORMAL STRUCTURES

We study the renormalized volume of asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein (AHE in short) manifolds $(M,g)$ when the conformal boundary $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}M$ has dimension $n$ even. Its definition depends on the choice of metric $h_{0}$ on $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}M$ in the conformal class at infinity determined by $g$ , we denote it by $\text{Vol}_{R}(M,g;h_{0})$ . We show that $\text{Vol}_{R}(M,g;\cdot )$ is a functional admitting a ‘Polyakov type’ formula in the conformal class $[h_{0}]$ and we describe the critical points as solutions of some non-linear equation $v_{n}(h_{0})=\text{constant}$ , satisfied in particular by Einstein metrics. When $n=2$ , choosing extremizers in the conformal class amounts to uniformizing the surface, while if $n=4$ this amounts to solving the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{2}$ -Yamabe problem. Next, we consider the variation of $\text{Vol}_{R}(M,\cdot ;\cdot )$ along a curve of AHE metrics $g^{t}$ with boundary metric $h_{0}^{t}$ and we use this to show that, provided conformal classes can be (locally) parametrized by metrics $h$ solving $v_{n}(h)=\text{constant}$ and $\text{Vol}(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}M,h)=1$ , the set of ends of AHE manifolds (up to diffeomorphisms isotopic to the identity) can be viewed as a Lagrangian submanifold in the cotangent space to the space ${\mathcal{T}}(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}M)$ of conformal structures on $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}M$ . We obtain, as a consequence, a higher-dimensional version of McMullen’s quasi-Fuchsian reciprocity. We finally show that conformal classes admitting negatively curved Einstein metrics are local minima for the renormalized volume for a warped product type filling.
Topologically Convergent and Divergent Structural Connectivity Patterns between Patients with Remitted Geriatric Depression and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be conceptualized as a disconnection syndrome. Both remitted geriatric depression (RGD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are associated with a high risk for developing AD. However, little is known about the similarities and differences in the topological patterns of white matter (WM) structural networks between RGD and aMCI. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging and deterministic tractography were used to map the human WM networks of 35 RGD patients, 38 aMCI patients, and 30 healthy subjects. Furthermore, graph theoretical methods were applied to investigate the alterations in the global and regional properties of the WM network in these patients. First, both the RGD and aMCI patients showed abnormal global topology in their WM networks (i.e., reduced network strength, reduced global efficiency, and increased absolute path length) compared with the controls, and there were no significant differences in these global network properties between the patient groups. Second, similar deficits of the regional and connectivity characteristics in the WM networks were primarily found in the frontal brain regions of RGD and aMCI patients compared with the controls, while a different nodal efficiency of the posterior cingulate cortex and several prefrontal brain regions were also observed between the patient groups. Together, our study provides direct evidence for the association of a great majority of convergent and a minority of divergent connectivity of WM structural networks between RGD and aMCI patients, which may lead to increasing attention in defining a population at risk of AD.
Evaluation of Natural Language Tools for Italian: EVALITA 2007

EVALITA 2007, the first edition of the initiative devoted to the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Italian, provided a shared framework where participants systems had the possibility to be evaluated on five different tasks, namely Part of Speech Tagging (organised by the University of Bologna), Parsing (organised by the University of Torino), Word Sense Disambiguation (organised by CNR-ILC, Pisa), Temporal Expression Recognition and Normalization (organised by CELCT, Trento), and Named Entity Recognition (organised by FBK, Trento). We believe that the diffusion of shared tasks and shared evaluation practices is a crucial step towards the development of resources and tools for Natural Language Processing. Experiences of this kind, in fact, are a valuable contribution to the validation of existing models and data, allowing for consistent comparisons among approaches and among representation schemes. The good response obtained by EVALITA, both in the number of participants and in the quality of results, showed that pursuing such goals is feasible not only for English, but also for other languages.
Assessment of Potential Risks of Dietary RNAi to a Soil Micro-arthropod, Sinella curviseta Brook (Collembola: Entomobryidae)

RNAi-based genetically engineered (GE) crops for the management of insect pests are likely to be commercialized by the end of this decade. Without a workable framework for conducting the ecological risk assessment (ERA) and a standardized ERA protocol, however, the utility of RNAi transgenic crops in pest management remains uncertain. The overall goal of this study is to assess the risks of RNAi-based GE crops on a non-target soil micro-arthropod, Sinella curviseta, which could be exposed to plant-protected dsRNAs deposited in crop residues. Based on the preliminary research, we hypothesized that insecticidal dsRNAs targeting at the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a billion-dollar insect pest, has no adverse impacts on S. curviseta, a soil decomposer. Following a tiered approach, we tested this risk hypothesis using a well-designed dietary RNAi toxicity assay. To create the worst-case scenario, the full-length cDNA of v-ATPase subunit A from S. curviseta were cloned and a 400 bp fragment representing the highest sequence similarity between target pest and non-target arthropods was selected as the template to synthesize insecticidal dsRNAs. Specifically, 10-days-old S. curviseta larvae were subjected to artificial diets containing v-ATPase A dsRNAs from both D. v. virgifera (dsDVV) and S. curviseta (dsSC), respectively, a dsRNA control, β-glucuronidase, from plant (dsGUS), and a vehicle control, H2O. The endpoint measurements included gene expression profiles, survival, and life history traits, such as developmental time, fecundity, hatching rate, and body length. Although, S. curviseta larvae developed significantly faster under the treatments of dsDVV and dsSC than the vehicle control, the combined results from both temporal RNAi effect study and dietary RNAi toxicity assay support the risk hypothesis, suggesting that the impacts of ingested arthropod-active dsRNAs on this representative soil decomposer are negligible.
Major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation to antigen-reactive T cells by B lymphocyte tumor cells

Previous reports have demonstrated that accessory cells function to present soluble protein antigens in association with gene products encoded within the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to antigen-reactive T helper cells. The biochemical events that occur during antigen presentation are, however, not well-documented primarily because of the difficulties involved in purifying sufficient numbers of homogeneous antigen-presenting cells. In this paper, a number of Ia-positive B lymphocyte tumor lines are shown to be capable of presenting soluble protein antigens to antigen-reactive continuous T cell lines in an MHC-restricted fashion. The characterization of the antigen presentation function of these tumor cells indicates that the tumor cells have many of the functional antigen-presenting characteristics previously thought to be limited to macrophages. These tumor cells should provide a useful model system for determining the biochemical events that occur in antigen uptake and processing as well as for determining the potential interactions between processed antigen and Ia molecules on the plasma membrane of these antigen-presenting cells.
The effects of school anxiety on self-esteem and self-handicapping in pupils attending primary school

Abstract School anxiety appears to be related to self-esteem and self-handicapping strategies. This study aims at identifying children with atypical levels of anxiety and examining the relationship between their self-esteem at school and their use of self-handicapping strategies. The sample included 120 pupils (M = 8.6 years) attending third grade of primary school and was divided into three groups: pupils with low anxiety, average anxiety and high anxiety. Children were administered the Scale for Evaluation of Anxiety (SAFA A), the TMA - Multidimensional test of Self-esteem- and the Self-Handicapping Scale for Children. On the whole, results demonstrate a nearly normative distribution of school anxiety in a nonclinical sample. Pupils with an average level of school anxiety showed a higher level of Self-esteem and engaged more in self-handicapping strategies. The developmental perspective suggests the importance of preventive research in order to identify any risk factors of subsequent anxiety disorders at an early age.
Double iterative framework for flow-sensitive interprocedural data flow analysis

Compiler optimization, parallel processing, data flow testing, and symbolic debugging can benefit from interprocedural data flow analysis. However, the live, reaching definition, and most summary data flow problems are theoretically intractable in the interprocedural case. A method is presented that reduces the exponential time bound with the help of an algorithm that solves the problem in polynomial time. Either the resulting sets contain precise results or the missing (or additional) results do not cause any problems during their use. We also introduce the double iterative framework, where one procedure is processed at a time. The results of the intraprocedural analysis of procedures then propagates along the edges of the call multi-graph. In this way the intra and interprocedural analyses are executed alternately until there is no change in any result set. This method can be applied to any known interprocedural data flow problem. Here the algorithms for the kill, live variables, and reaching definitions problems are presented. Besides for precision, the algorithms can be used for very large programs, and since inter and intraprocedural analyses can be optimized separately, the method is fast as well.
Derivation of a Plasma-ActuatorModel Utilizing Quiescent-Air PIV Data

The present work is concerned with development of a new model for the momentum transfer due to plasmaactuator in aerodynamic flow-control applications. A comparative analysis of different volume-force estimation strategies is provided, focussing particularly on the phenomenological and experiment-based approaches. The main objective of the present study is a comprehensive evaluation of these models aiming at derivation of a new model formulation of improved accuracy. All models are implemented into the OpenFOAM code. The models are validated within the RANS framework applied under the quiescent-air conditions by solving the Reynolds equations, closed by a near-wall second-moment closure model based on the homogeneous dissipation rate of the kinetic energy of turbulence. The computationally obtained velocity distribution induced by the wall-mounted plasma actuator is analyzed within the wall-jet flow region along with the experimental PIV data of identical actuator operating conditions. The results demonstrate the improved accuracy of the new empirical model as a first step towards a universal plasma-actuator model for flow-control simulations by means of CFD. 1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Plasma actuator for the aerodynamic flow control describes a DBD-based actuator (DBD: dielectric barrier discharge) generating an electric discharge between two parallel electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric material (barrier): a grounded electrode and the radio-frequency high-voltage one the upper surface of the latter being coincident with the wall surface. Consequently an electric field originating from the exposed high-voltage electrode will ionize weakly the surrounding air (surface plasma generation) and inHV (a) quiescent air HV
Differential effects of haloperidol and clozapine on ionotropic glutamate receptors in rats

Despite multiple lines of investigation the effect of neuroleptics on glutamate‐mediated neurotransmission remains controversial. To study the effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on selected parameters of glutamate‐mediated neurotransmission, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a 21‐day oral treatment course with vehicle, haloperidol (HDL), or clozapine (CLZ). Coronal slices of rat brain were then incubated with tritiated ligands to measure NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptor, and glutamate reuptake site density. Regions of interest included the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, and the nucleus accumbens. CLZ increased the density of AMPA receptors significantly in the frontal and anterior cingulate cortices compared with normal controls. In the dorsal and ventral striatum, and nucleus accumbens as a whole, CLZ‐treated rats had a higher AMPA receptor density compared with both the HDL‐ and vehicle‐treated controls. Additionally, within the nucleus accumbens, CLZ‐treated rats had a higher density of AMPA receptors compared with the HDL group in the core, and at trend level in the shell. There was a group by region interaction for NMDA receptor density, primarily reflecting the tendency of HDL treated rats to have high receptor densities in the frontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Kainate receptors and glutamate reuptake site densities did not differ significantly across groups. These results suggest a critical role for glutamate in the mediation of atypical antipsychotic drug action in anatomically‐specific regions, and further encourage the investigation of glutamate neurotransmitter systems in schizophrenia. Synapse 34:266–276, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning discriminative visual dictionary for natural scene categorization

Many successful systems for scene recognition transform low-level descriptors into complex representations. This process consists of the two steps: 1) feature coding, which performs a pointwise transformation of the descriptors into a representation adapted to the task, and 2) image pooling, which summarizes the coded features. Even though these two steps have been paid so much attention, but there are still some problems in combining scene semantic with local features. The goal of this paper is threefold: to address the problem by modifying the traditional bag-of-features (BoF) framework; to show how to achieve the best performance by learning a semi-supervised discriminative dictionary; and to provide theoretical and empirical insight into the remarkable performance. By teasing apart components shared by modern scene categorization pipeline, our approach aims to facilitate the design of better scene recognition architectures.
Influence of blood coagulability after spinal surgeries

Objective: To verify whether spinal surgery causes relevant changes in the blood clotting process and define which factors have the greatest influence on changes found. Method: This is a not randomized, cross-sectional study, Forty seven patients were evaluated between August 2011 and February 2013, whose clinical, surgical, laboratory and image daata were collected. The data obtained were crossed with the epidemiological data of each patient in a moment prior to and another after surgery searching which variables have been directly influenced. Result: Our analysis showed that the most important changes occurred in patients with BMI classified, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as out of healthy range. Other smaller correlations were also found. Another important consideration was the tendency to observe hypercoagulability in smoker patients, a fact that is not influenced by spinal procedures. Conclusion: We concluded that spinal surgeries cause few relevant changes in the blood clotting process and that among the factors studied, BMI (when out of the healthy range, according to the WHO classification) showed closer relationship with changes in laboratory coagulation tests. Level of Evidence III, Cross-Sectional Study.
Compression of acoustic features for speech recognition in network environments

In this paper, we describe a new compression algorithm for encoding acoustic features used in typical speech recognition systems. The proposed algorithm uses a combination of simple techniques, such as linear prediction and multi-stage vector quantization, and the current version of the algorithm encodes the acoustic features at a fixed rate of 4.0 kbit/s. The compression algorithm can be used very effectively for speech recognition in network environments, such as those employing a client-server model, or to reduce storage in general speech recognition applications. The algorithm has also been tuned for practical implementations, so that the computational complexity and memory requirements are modest. We have successfully tested the compression algorithm against many test sets from several different languages, and the algorithm performed very well, with no significant change in the recognition accuracy due to compression.