Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common-Mode EMI Noise Modeling and Reduction With Balance Technique for Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Topology

This paper develops a common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference noise model for a three-level neutral point clamped topology. Compared with existing modeling techniques with only one CM noise source, two extra important CM noise sources and their characteristics are identified and derived for an accurate CM noise model. The impedances of CM noise path are also extracted. Based on the developed CM noise model, the CM noise spectrum can be well predicted. The effect of CM noise paths on CM noise is discussed based on two different LCL filters. A CM noise reduction technique with a balance bridge at a large impedance ratio is proposed based on the developed model. The technique can be easily implemented at low cost. Both simulations and experiments validate the developed theory and technique.
Postsubduction porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au deposits: Products of remelting of subduction-modified lithosphere

Porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au and some epithermal Au deposits are formed from hydrothermal fluids exsolved from cooling, water-rich, calc-alkaline magmas emplaced in volcanoplutonic arcs above subduction zones. These magmas originate by partial melting of the metasomatized asthenospheric mantle wedge. However, there is increasing evidence for the existence of a suite of porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au deposits related to magmas generated after subduction beneath the arc has ceased. Associated magmas tend to be mildly alkaline, relatively sulfur poor, and emplaced as isolated complexes rather than in voluminous volcanoplutonic arcs. They are likely formed by remelting of previously subduction-modified arc lithosphere, triggered by postsubduction lithospheric thickening, lithospheric extension, or mantle lithosphere delamination. Metasomatized mantle lithosphere or hydrous lower crustal cumulates residual from first-stage arc magmatism contain small amounts of chalcophile and siderophile element–rich sulfides, and constitute a fertile source for hydrous, Au-rich, but relatively sulfur-poor magmas during later remelting. The recognition that porphyry Cu-Au and related epithermal Au systems can also form in postsubduction and collisional tectonic settings expands the range of geological environments and geographical terranes that are prospective for such deposits.
Aggregate stability changes in a semiarid soil after treatment with different organic amendments

Structural stability of soils is one of the most important characteristics related to soil degradation in semiarid areas. Organic additions can considerably improve soil structure and prevent soil degradation. In this experiment the effectiveness was compared of four types of organic amendments on the improvement of soil structure. The four treatments are sewage sludge, fresh uncomposted urban refuse, composted urban refuse, and horse manure. The uncomposted urban refuse was the most effective in increasing soil stable aggregates. The higher doses of sewage sludge and compost also improved aggregation of soil particles. Horse manure did not significantly improve soil aggregation. A significant correlation (r = 0.955, ρ < 0.01) was found between fungal populations and stable aggregates. No significant correlations were found between stable aggregates in soil and the other parameters assessed. The organic treatments increasing soil microbial populations and promoting their activity appear to be very effecti.
Forgetting the Unforgettable Through Conversation

A speaker's selective recounting of memories shared with a listener will induce both the speaker and the listener to forget unmentioned, related material more than unmentioned, unrelated material. We extended this finding of within-individual and socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting to well-rehearsed, emotionally intense memories that are similar for the speaker and listener, but differ in specifics. A questionnaire probed participants' memory of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Questions and responses were grouped into category-exemplar structures. Then, participants selectively rehearsed their answers (using a structured interview in Experiment 1 and a joint recounting between pairs in Experiment 2). In subsequent recognition tests, response times yielded evidence of within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting and socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. This result indicates that conversations can alter memories of speakers and listeners in similar ways, even when the memories differ. We discuss socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting as a mechanism for the formation of collective memories.
Gestural knowledge evoked by objects as part of conceptual representations

Background: Theories of embodied knowledge argue that the representation and recruitment of motor processes may be important for deriving the meaning of many linguistic and perceptual elements. Aims: We examined the conditions under which gestural knowledge associated with manipulable objects is evoked. Methods & Procedures: A priming paradigm was used in which an object was presented in advance of a photograph of a hand gesture that participants were to mimic. On related trials, the target gesture was the same as the gesture typically used to interact with the object prime. On unrelated trials, the target gesture was not related to the object. In another set of experiments, a Stroop-like paradigm was used in which participants learned to produce manual responses to colour cues. After training, coloured photographs of manipulable objects were presented. The colour-cued gesture was either one typically used with the object or was unrelated to it. Outcomes & Results: In the priming experiments, response latencies were shorter in the related condition, but only when participants also made an identification response to the object prime. In the Stroop experiments, interference effects indicated that gestures to colour were affected by gestural knowledge associated with the object. Conclusions: These results indicate that conceptual representations of manipulable objects include specific forms of gestural knowledge that are automatically evoked when observers attend to an object.
Translation of capped viral mRNAs in poliovirus‐infected HeLa cells.

HeLa cells doubly infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and poliovirus synthesize either more poliovirus proteins or more SFV late proteins depending on the time of super‐infection with poliovirus. Under some conditions, the infected cells translate uncapped poliovirus mRNA and capped 26S mRNA from SFV simultaneously, even though host protein synthesis has been shut down. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) protein synthesis is depressed drastically when VSV‐infected cells are super‐infected with poliovirus. In cells doubly infected with VSV and encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus or with VSV and SFV, dominance of one of the viruses depends on the time of addition of the challenge virus. The influence of external conditions on the relative translation of capped or uncapped viral mRNA in doubly infected cells has also been analysed.
Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of β-Mannanase by Strain Nonomuraea sp. ID06-379 using Submerged Substrate Fermentation

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of media compositions on the production of β-mannanase by Nonomuraea sp.ID06-379. The study was focused on the influence of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and detergents on β-mannanase synthesis through manipulating media compositions on production medium. The results indicated that for carbon sources, locus bean gum (0.745 ± 0.036 U/ml) showed maximum mannanase activity. Malt extract was the best nitrogen source for producing β-mannanase (1.075 ± 0.006 U/ml),(NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate source (1.733 ± 0.026 U/ml) and Tween 80 (1.145 ± 0.003 U/ml) as surfactants effect on increasing permeability of bacterial cell membrane, enhancing membrane transport and excretion of extracellular enzymes into the production media. The results showed that 1% malt extract, 0.5% locus bean gum and 0.05% (NH4)2HPO4 were good substances for nitrogen source, carbon source and phosphate respectively. The highest production of β-mannanase by Nonomuraea sp. ID06-379 (5.33 U/mg) was reached in the medium optimization (Vogel’s minimal medium) contained the following ingredients: 0.5% locus bean gum, 1% malt extract and 0.05% (NH4)2HPO4, under submerged fermentation with shaking at 120 rpm and 28 C for 2 days incubation.
Capturing within catchment variation in evapotranspiration from montane forests using LiDAR canopy profiles with measured and modelled fluxes of water

Patterns in forest structure and function are tightly coupled to variation in energy and soil water gradients and disturbance history across the landscape. In eucalypt forests of southern Australia, changes in forest structure may account for the majority of variation in the evapotranspiration (Et) signal across a single forest type. In this study, the potential for using light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived canopy height profiles to predict key components of Et; transpiration (Esap), interception loss (Ei) and forest floor evapotranspiration (Efloor) was assessed in a mixed‐species eucalypt forest in south‐eastern Australia. Step‐wise regression was used to select suitable LiDAR canopy height indices to predict stand structural attributes at all grid points within the catchment using field plot inventory data (r2 = 0.76–0.88). Similar rates of sap velocity were observed among trees at different landscape positions and during all seasons, irrespective of tree size and stature, enabling scaling of stand‐level Esap. The revised Gash interception model was successfully used to model Ei across the catchment using stand‐level variation in canopy cover (derived from LiDAR). Similarly, Efloor was quantified spatially using variation in leaf area index and a two‐bucket numeric model to interpolate field measurements. Our results show that variation in forest structure arising from changes in elevation in these south‐facing catchments is a major determinant of forest water use and shows a threefold change in annual Et across the elevation gradient. The merging of detailed forest structural data and field‐validated Et fluxes offers promise in advancing our understanding and prediction of key ecohydrologic processes in forested catchments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of micronized okara dietary fiber on cecal microbiota, serum cholesterol and lipid levels in BALB/c mice

Abstract Micronized by a dry grinding method (D-ODF) or a wet granulating method (W-ODF), okara dietary fiber (ODF), was fed to BALB/c mice for 28 d. The water holding capacity of D-ODF and W-ODF was significantly enhanced after micronization. W-ODF had a larger swell capacity and a higher content of soluble dietary fiber than crude ODF and D-ODF. After feeding for 28 d, the populations of Escherichia coli and Lactobacilli in the cecum were significantly lower and higher in the W-ODF group than other groups, respectively, while the population of Bifidobacterium increased in all groups. The effect of each diet on the population of E. coli. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium was all maintained for a short period of time except that the effectiveness of W-ODF diet on the Bifidobacterium population lasted slightly longer than other diets. At the end of the feeding period, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride in D-ODF and W-ODF diets were significantly lower and HDL-C/TC ratio was significantly higher than those in crude ODF.
A Broadband Dual-Polarized Base Station Antenna With Sturdy Construction

A broadband dual-polarized base station antenna with sturdy construction is presented in this letter. The antenna mainly contains four parts: main radiator, feeding baluns, bedframe, and reflector. First, two orthogonal dipoles are etched on a substrate as main radiator forming dual polarization. Two baluns are then introduced to excite the printed dipoles. Each balun has four bumps on the edges for electrical connection and fixation. The bedframe is designed to facilitate the installation, and the reflector is finally used to gain unidirectional radiation. Measured results show that the antenna has a 48% impedance bandwidth with reflection coefficient less than –15 dB and port isolation more than 22 dB. A four-element antenna array with 6° ± 2° electrical down tilt is also investigated for wideband base station application. The antenna and its array have the advantages of sturdy construction, high machining accuracy, ease of integration, and low cost. They can be used for broadband base station in the next-generation wireless communication system.
APPLICATIONS OF SINGULAR PERTURBATION METHODS IN QUEUEING

A survey is presented describing the application of singular perturbation techniques to queueing systems. The goal is to compute performance measures by constructing approximate solutions to specific problems involving either the Kolmogorov forward or backward equation which contain a small parameter. These techniques are particularly useful on problems for which exact solutions are not available. Four different classes of problems are surveyed: (i) state-dependent queues; (ii) systems with a processor-sharing server; (iii) queueing networks; (iv) time dependent behavior. For each class, an illustrative example is presented along with the direction of current research.
Alpha and Performance Measurement: The Effect of Investor Heterogeneity

Studies of investment performance routinely use various measures of alpha, yet the literature has not established that a positive (negative) alpha, as traditionally measured, means that an investor would want to buy (sell) a fund. However, under general conditions, when alpha is defined using the client's marginal utility function, a client faced with a positive alpha would want to buy the fund. Thus, performance measurement is inherently investor specific, and investors will disagree about the attractiveness of a given fund. We provide empirical evidence that bounds the effects of investor heterogeneity on performance measures, and study the cross sectional effects of disagreement on investors‟ flow response to past fund performance. The effects of investor heterogeneity are economically and statistically significant.
The development of archives and records management education and training in Africa – challenges and opportunities

The development of education and training opportunities for professionals in the archives and records management (ARM) profession in Africa has been the subject of a number of professional discussions in the past. However, a significant number of recent developments and trends have not been captured in these discussions. This article provides a historical outline and some of the major developments of ARM education and training in Africa. In addition, it traces some of the key challenges educators and trainers currently face. The article demonstrates the diversity that exists in the African continent both in the variety of institutions and the types of qualifications offered in archives and records management. It provides a glimpse of the growth of universities in the continent using the case study of Kenya. While this growth provides greater education and training opportunities, there is a need to examine its impact on quality. The article suggests the strengthening of graduate-level education as well as participation in global research to mitigate against risks in the quality of ARM education and training.
Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether alcohol drinking is causally associated with colorectal cancer. On the basis of a systematic review of epidemiological evidence, we evaluated this association among the Japanese population, who may be more susceptible to alcohol-related diseases than Western populations. METHODS Original data were obtained from searches of MEDLINE using PubMed, complemented with manual searches. The evaluation of associations was based on the strength of evidence and the magnitude of association, together with biological plausibility as previously evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. RESULTS We identified 5 cohort studies and 13 case-control studies. A moderate or strong positive association was observed between alcohol drinking and colon cancer risk in all large-scale cohort studies, with some showing a dose-response relation, and among several case-control studies. The risk of colon or colorectal cancer was increased even among moderate drinkers consuming <46 g of alcohol per day, levels at which no material increase in the risk was observed in a pooled analysis of Western studies. A positive association with rectal cancer was also reported, but it was less consistent, and the magnitude of the association was generally weaker compared with colon cancer. CONCLUSION We conclude that alcohol drinking probably increases the risk of colorectal cancer among the Japanese population. More specifically, the association for the colon is probable, whereas that for the rectum is possible.
TRAAK Is a Mammalian Neuronal Mechano-gated K+Channel*

The novel structural class of mammalian channels with four transmembrane segments and two pore regions comprise background K+ channels (TWIK-1, TREK-1, TRAAK, TASK, and TASK-2) with unique physiological functions (1-6). Unlike its counterparts, TRAAK is only expressed in neuronal tissues, including brain, spinal cord, and retina (1). This report shows that TRAAK, which was known to be activated by arachidonic acid (3), is also opened by membrane stretch. Mechanical activation of TRAAK is induced by a convex curvature of the plasma membrane and can be mimicked by the amphipathic membrane crenator trinitrophenol. Cytoskeletal elements are negative tonic regulators of TRAAK. Membrane depolarization and membrane crenation synergize with stretch-induced channel opening. Finally, TRAAK is reversibly blocked by micromolar concentrations of gadolinium, a well known blocker of stretch-activated channels. Mechanical activation of TRAAK in the central nervous system may play an important role during growth cone motility and neurite elongation.
A Dual-Weighted Approach to Order Reduction in 4DVAR Data Assimilation

Strategies to achieve order reduction in four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) search for an optimal low-rank state subspace for the analysis update. A common feature of the reduction methods proposed in atmospheric and oceanographic studies is that the identification of the basis functions relies on the model dynamics only, without properly accounting for the specific details of the data assimilation system (DAS). In this study a general framework of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is considered and a cost-effective approach is proposed to incorporate DAS information into the order-reduction procedure. The sensitivities of the cost functional in 4DVAR data assimilation with respect to the time-varying model state are obtained from a backward integration of the adjoint model. This information is further used to define appropriate weights and to implement a dual-weighted proper orthogonal decomposition (DWPOD) method for order reduction. The use of a weighted ensemble data mean and weighted snapshots using the adjoint DAS is a novel element in reduced-order 4DVAR data assimilation. Numerical results are presented with a global shallow-water model based on the Lin–Rood flux-form semi-Lagrangian scheme. A simplified 4DVAR DAS is considered in the twin-experiment framework with initial conditions specified from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets. A comparative analysis with the standard POD method shows that the reduced DWPOD basis may provide an increased efficiency in representing an a priori specified forecast aspect and as a tool to perform reduced-order optimal control. This approach represents a first step toward the development of an order-reduction methodology that combines in an optimal fashion the model dynamics and the characteristics of the 4DVAR DAS.
Shiitake dermatitis demonstrating Köebner phenomenon

A 28-year-old man presented with a 1-day history of an extensive pruritic linear rash. He had eaten four to five steam-cooked shiitake mushrooms (originally dried) approximately 10 hours before rash onset. He had eaten shiitake mushrooms two weeks before without development of a rash. On exam, he had erythematous, edematous linear plaques on his trunk, upper extremities, and neck (Fig. 1). Based on clinical findings, he was diagnosed with shiitake flagellate dermatitis. The patient’s rash resolved in one week with a prednisone taper (40 mg for four days and taper by 10 mg every four days thereafter) and topical clobetasol. No antihistamines were given. Six months later, he underwent rechallenge with two raw shiitake mushrooms. DuoDerm patches were placed on his right flank to prevent scratching in an area where lesions had been present during the initial outbreak. Four hours after ingesting the mushrooms, he experienced flushing and generalized pruritus (without rash) that resolved in two hours. He wrote his initials on his left flank with his finger during this pruritic period. Approximately 44 hours after eating the mushrooms, he developed a pruritic rash in the area where he had written his initials (Fig. 2). Additionally, erythematous, edematous linear plaques were present on the upper back, chest, shoulders, and neck. No lesions were present under the DuoDerm on his right flank (Fig. 1). Two lesional punch biopsies were obtained; one was from within a k€ oebnerized initial area, the other from a flagellate erythematous plaque on the right shoulder. Both biopsies demonstrated superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates with occasional eosinophils. The infiltrate in the deliberately k€ oebnerized lesion extended into the mid-dermis. The other biopsy also showed mild acanthosis and spongiosis with focal lymphocyte exocytosis. Recurrent rash was also treated successfully with identical prednisone taper and topical clobetasol. Several weeks later, he agreed to eat fully cooked shiitake mushrooms. Neither rash nor pruritus developed.