Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Focusing bistatic synthetic aperture radar using dip move out

The appearance of new synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisition techniques based on opportunity sources enhances interest in bistatic geometries. In seismic data acquisition, each source is currently accompanied by up to 10 000 receivers, and in the last two decades, the bistatic geometry has been carefully studied by scores of authors. Rather then introducing new focusing techniques, within the first-order Born approximation (no multiple reflections), seismic bistatic acquisitions are transformed into monostatic ones using a simple operator named "dip move out" (DMO). In essence, the elliptical locus of the reflectors corresponding to a spike in the bistatic survey is forward modeled as if observed in a monostatic one. The outcome of the model, the so-called smile, is a short operator, slowly time varying but space stationary. To transform a bistatic survey into a monostatic one, it is enough to convolve the initial dataset with this smile. Based on the well-known similarity between seismic and SAR surveys, DMO is first described in its simple geometric understanding and is then used in the SAR case. The same processing that is being used for movement compensation can be applied to the bistatic to monostatic survey transformation. Synthetic examples are also provided.
Micro‐ and Macrolevel Determinants of Women's Employment in Six Arab Countries

We analyzed determinants of women's employment with data for 40,792 women living in 103 districts of 6 Arab countries. We tested a new theoretical framework that addresses the roles of needs, opportunities, and values at multiple levels. At the microlevel (individual, family), socioeconomic factors, care duties, and traditionalism were important; at the macrolevel (district), economic development and societal norms were important. Women's education seemed most influential. Interaction analyses showed that returns on women's education depended on their partner's education and on the economic development, labor market structure, urbanization, and strength of traditional norms in the district in which women live. Our results stress the importance of a comprehensive approach toward women's employment in these countries.
Dynamic aperture measurements at the Advanced Light Source

A large dynamic aperture for a storage ring is of importance for long lifetimes and a high injection efficiency. Measurements of the dynamic aperture of the third generation synchrotron light source Advanced Light Source (ALS) using beam excitation with kicker magnets are presented. The experiments were done for various accelerator conditions, allowing us to investigate the influence of different working points, chromaticities, insertion devices, etc. The results are compared both with tracking calculations and a simple model for the dynamic aperture yielding good agreements. This gives us confidence in the predictability of the nonlinear accelerator model. This is especially important for future ALS upgrades as well as new storage ring designs.
Engineering mobile wireless publish/subscribe systems for high performance

The flexible, scalable and asynchronous decoupling nature of publish/subscribe systems makes them a good choice for the mobile wireless domain. Our research investigates the application of publish/subscribe middleware to mobile cellular networks with the focus on their performance in such networks. The results show that current implementations of publish/subscribe systems, as well as the traditional solutions for extending publish/subscribe systems to the mobile domain, do not perform well in highly mobile and unreliable wireless settings. In order to overcome the challenges faced by publish/subscribe systems in a wireless mobile domain, the paper introduces a novel approach called semi-durable subscriptions. We present the semi-durable subscription approach and, through rigorous experimentation, prove its efficacy and superiority over traditional solutions.
3D action recognition using data visualization and convolutional neural networks

It remains a challenge to efficiently represent spatial-temporal data for 3D action recognition. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new skeleton-based action representation using data visualization and convolutional neural networks, which contains four main stages. First, skeletons from an action sequence are mapped as a set of five dimensional points, containing three dimensions of location, one dimension of time label and one dimension of joint label. Second, these points are encoded as a series of color images, by visualizing points as RGB pixels. Third, convolutional neural networks are adopted to extract deep features from color images. Finally, action class score is calculated by fusing selected deep features. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets show that our method achieves state-of-the-art results.
Soft X-Ray Absorption by Fe0+ to Fe15+ in Active Galactic Nuclei

A full set of calculations is presented for inner-shell n = 2-3 photoexcitation of the 16 iron charge states: Fe0+ (Fe I) through Fe15+ (Fe XVI). The blend of the numerous absorption lines arising from these excitations (mainly 2p-3d) forms an unresolved transition array (UTA), which has been recently identified as a prominent feature between 16 and 17 Å in the soft X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Despite the blending within charge states, the ample separation between the individual-ion features enables precise diagnostics of the ionization range in the absorbing medium. Column density and turbulent velocity diagnostics are also possible, albeit to a lesser accuracy. An abbreviated set of atomic parameters useful for modeling the Fe 2p-3d UTA is given. It is shown that the effects of accompanying photoexcitation to higher levels (n ≥ 4), as well as the associated photoionization edges, may also be relevant to AGN spectra.
An Exploratory Study of College Students' Views of Mathematical Thinking in a Historical Approach Calculus Course

Heuristic training alone is not enough for developing one's mathematical thinking. One missing component is a mathematical point of view. This study reports findings regarding outcomes of a historical approach calculus course to foster Taiwanese college students' views of mathematical thinking. This study consisted of 3 stages. During the initial phase, 44 engineering majors' views on mathematical thinking were tabulated by an open-ended questionnaire, and 9 randomly selected students were invited to participate in follow-up interviews. Students then received an 18-week historical approach calculus course in which mathematical concepts were problematized to challenge their intuition-based empirical beliefs about doing mathematics. Near the end of the semester, all participants answered the identical questionnaire, and we interviewed the same students to pinpoint any shifts in their views on mathematical thinking. We found that participants were more likely to value logical sense, creativity, and imagination in doing mathematics. Further, students were leaning toward a conservative attitude toward certainty of mathematical knowledge. Participants' focus seemingly shifted from mathematics as a product to mathematics as a process.
Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages

E‐cigarettes are perceived as harmless; however, evidence of their safety is lacking. New data suggests E‐cigarettes discharge a range of compounds capable of physiological damage to users. We previously established that cigarette smoke caused defective alveolar macrophage phagocytosis. The present study compared the effect E‐cigarette of components; E‐liquid flavors, nicotine, vegetable glycerine, and propylene glycol on phagocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and phagocytic recognition molecule expression using differentiated THP‐1 macrophages. Similar to CSE, phagocytosis of NTHi bacteria was significantly decreased by E‐liquid flavoring (11.65–15.75%) versus control (27.01%). Nicotine also decreased phagocytosis (15.26%). E‐liquid, nicotine, and E‐liquid+ nicotine reduced phagocytic recognition molecules; SR‐A1 and TLR‐2. IL‐8 secretion increased with flavor and nicotine, while TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, and MCP‐1 decreased after exposure to most flavors and nicotine. PG, VG, or PG:VG mix also induced a decrease in MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β. We conclude that E‐cigarettes can cause macrophage phagocytic dysfunction, expression of phagocytic recognition receptors and cytokine secretion pathways. As such, E‐cigarettes should be treated with caution by users, especially those who are nonsmokers.
Are individual and group treatments equally effective in the treatment of depression in adults? A meta-analysis.

Background and Objectives: It is well-established that psychological interventions are effective in the treatment of depression. However, it is not yet clear what the optima format is in which psychological treatments should be delivered. Although several studies have examined whether individual and group treatments are equally effective in the treatment of depression, no comprehensive meta-analysis has examined this. Methods: We searched major bibliographical databased and conducted a meta-analysis of 15 studies in which individual and group therapies were compared directly to each other. Results: The mean effect size indicating the difference between individual and group therapies in depressive symptomatology at post-test was 0.20 (95% CI: [0.05 0.35]; p < 0.01), in favor of individual therapies, with a lower drop-out rate in individual interventions (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: [0.37, 0.86]; p < 0.01). At follow-up no significant differences were found. Conclusions: Although individual therapy seems to be somewhat more effective than group therapy at the short term, it is not clear whether this is relevant from a clinical point of view. Because of the small number of studies and the limited quality, more research is needed to examine whether the difference between individual and group treatment is clinically relevant.
Replaying IDE interactions to evaluate and improve change prediction approaches

Change prediction helps developers by recommending program entities that will have to be changed alongside the entities currently being changed. To evaluate their accuracy, current change prediction approaches use data from versioning systems such as CVS or SVN. These data sources provide a coarse-grained view of the development history that flattens the sequence of changes in a single commit. They are thus not a valid basis for evaluation in the case of development-style prediction, where the order of the predictions has to match the order of the changes a developer makes. We propose a benchmark for the evaluation of change prediction approaches based on fine-grained change data recorded from IDE usage. Moreover, the change prediction approaches themselves can use the more accurate data to fine-tune their prediction. We present an evaluation procedure and use it on several change prediction approaches, both novel and from the literature, and report on the results.
Impact of the Model on the Accuracy of Synchrophasor Measurement

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are becoming one of the key issues of power network monitoring. They have to be able to perform accurate estimations of quantities of interest either under steady-state or transient conditions. Among all the sources which may contribute to the uncertainty introduced by PMUs, this paper analyzes the impact of the phasor estimation models on the accuracy of these devices, focuses on algorithms proposed in the literature for the estimation of dynamic phasors, and studies their performances under several different conditions.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism

This article reports the findings of a study investigating rates and types of comorbid mental disorder evident in adolescents and young adults with autism. A sample of 84 young people (M = 19.5 years, SD = 4.6) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) autistic disorder participated in the study. Comorbid mental disorder was assessed through a semistructured comprehensive clinical interview with all participants and caregivers and supplemented by quantitative questionnaires. The results revealed that 42% of the young people with autism in the sample had an additional comorbid mental disorder, a rate 2 to 4 times that found among typically developing young people. All diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV-TR and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition criteria (ICD-10; World Health Organization, 1992). A range of mood (17%), anxiety (12%), adjustment (8%), and disruptive behavior (12%) disorders were diagnosed.
Energy Literacy of Ninth-Grade Students: A Comparison Between Maine and New Brunswick

Abstract A study was conducted to determine if there is any relationship between knowledge about energy and gender and geography. In a population of ninth-grade students in Maine and New Brunswick, males were found to score significantly higher than females. For Maine students, males had a significantly higher score than females for both the lowest and highest quartiles. While New Brunswick females outscored the males in the lowest quartile, the pattern was reversed in the highest quartile. The findings of this study revealed differences in levels of energy knowledge both by gender and by location. These findings also indicate that energy literacy is generally low.
Efficacy of Varunadi Ghritha (polyherbal compound) in treated head and neck cancer cases as a biological response modifier

Background: Persistent immune suppression is reported in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) even after treatment and a higher recurrence rate was observed in patients with poor CD3 count. Loco regional recurrences and second primary tumours are the common forms of failure in head and neck cancers. Several agents have been tried to overcome this problem without much benefit. In Ayurveda, several plant based products have been reported to have anti-tumour and immunomodulatory properties. Aim: To test the role of Varunadi Ghritha, as an immunomodulator in apparently healthy, treated and controlled HNC patients and to evaluate its effectiveness in preventing locoregional relapses and development of second primary tumours. Materials and Methods: Total 78 patients of treated head and neck cancers were randomly selected for intervention and control group. Patients in the intervention group (n = 38) received Varunadi Ghritha, 5gms twice daily for one year and followed up to two years. Patients in the control group (n = 40) were followed up at regular intervals. Immune parameters were assessed in the peripheral blood at base line and at the end of administration of the study compound. Results: In the intervention group, mean percentage increase in CD3, CD19 and CD16 positive cells were significantly higher after the administration of the study compound compared to the control group indicating an immunomodulatory effect of the study compound. A non-significant improvement in disease control was observed in patients with advanced stage of disease in the intervention group. Conclusion: Administration of Varunadi Ghritha resulted in an increase in T cell counts in patients with treated HNC.
Qualitative analysis of visualization: a building design field study

We conducted an ethnographic field study examining the ways in which building design teams used visual representations of data to coordinate their work. Here we describe our experience with this field study approach, including both quantitative and qualitative analysis of field study data. Conducting a field study enabled us to effectively examine real work practice of a diverse team of experts, which would have been nearly impossible in a laboratory study. We also found that structured qualitative analysis methods provided deeper insight into our results than our initial quantitative approach. Our experience suggests that field studies and qualitative analysis could have substantial benefit in visualization and could nicely complement existing quantitative laboratory studies.
Host-parasite relationships in the yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9

The yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9 reduced the amount of alpha-1,3-glucan in its cell wall from 45 to 3% when subcultured in vitro for several years. This strain regained its alpha-1,3-glucan up to 25% of the total cell wall when grown in vivo. A mutant strain of P. brasiliensis Pb9, named IVIC Pb140, reported to have 1,3-mannan instead of alpha-glucan in the cell wall, could not be recovered from experimentally infected animals. The existence of some relationship between the presence of alpha-1,3-glucan in the cell wall of the yeastlike form and the pathogenicity of this fungus is suggested in this report.
Soil moisture storage and hillslope stability

Recently, we presented a steady-state analytical hillslope stability model to study rain-induced shallow landslides. This model is based on kinematic wave dynamics of saturated subsurface storage and the infinite slope stability assumption. Here we apply the model to investigate the effect of neglecting the unsaturated storage on the assessment of slope stability in the steady-state hydrology. For that purpose we extend the hydrological model to compute the soil pore pressure distribution over the entire flow domain. We also apply this model for hillslopes with non-constant soil depth to compare the stability of different hillslopes and to find the critical slip surface in hillslopes with different geometric characteristics. In order to do this, we incorporate more complex approaches to compute slope stability (Janbu’s non-circular method and Bishop’s simplified method) in the steady-state analytical hillslope stability model. We compare the safety factor ( FS) derived from the infinite slope stability method and the more complex approach for two cases: with and without the soil moisture profile in the unsaturated zone. We apply this extended hillslope stability model to nine characteristic hillslope types with three different profile curvatures (concave, straight, convex) and three different plan shapes (convergent, parallel, divergent). Overall, we find that unsaturated zone storage does not play a critical role in determining the factor of safety for shallow and deep landslides. As a result, the effect of the unsaturated zone storage on slope stability can be neglected in the steady-state hydrology and one can assume the same bulk specific weight below and above the water table. We find that steep slopes with concave profile and convergent plan shape have the least stability. We also demonstrate that in hillslopes with non-constant soil depth (possible deep landslides), the ones with convex profiles and convergent plan shapes have slip surfaces with the minimum safety factor near the outlet region. In general, Correspondence to: A. Talebi (ali.talebi@wur.nl) when plan shape changes from divergent to convergent, stability decreases for all length profiles. Finally, we show that the applied slope stability methods and steady-state hydrology model based on the relative saturated storage can be used safely to investigate the relation between hillslope geometry and hillslope stability.
Mental disorders in primary care

Current estimates indicate that 50% of the population experience at least one mental disorder in their lifetime and that at least 25% have suffered a mental disorder in the past year. recognition, diagnosis, treatment, and referral depend overwhelmingly on general practitioners, at least one third of whose consultations have a direct and explicit psychological component. Yet despite this intensive familiarization with the presentation of mental pathology, and the appropriateness of the primary care setting to its management, even the most recent surveys indicate that performance is best described by the rule of diminishing halves: only half the patients with a thresh-old disorder are recognized; only half of those recognized are treated; and only half of those treated are effectively treated. There is no single solution to this problem, only multiple solutions, which must be aimed, consistently and simultaneously, at the patient, practitioner, practice, and research levels.
The New Face of Legal Inequality: Noncitizens and the Long‐Term Trends in Sentencing Disparities across U.S. District Courts, 1992–2009

In the wake of mass immigration from Latin America, legal scholars have shifted focus from racial to ethnic inequality under the law. A series of studies now suggest that Hispanics may be the most disadvantaged group in U.S. courts, yet this body of work has yet to fully engage the role of citizenship status. The present research examines the punishment consequences for non-U.S. citizens sentenced in federal courts between 1992 and 2009. Drawing from work in citizenship studies and sociolegal inequality, I hypothesize that non-state members will be punished more severely than U.S. citizens, and any trends in Hispanic ethnicity over this period will be linked to punitive changes in the treatment of noncitizens. In line with this hypothesis, results indicate a considerable punishment gap between citizens and noncitizens – larger than minority-white disparities. Additionally, this citizenship ‘penalty’ has increased at the incarceration stage, explaining the majority of the increase in Hispanic-white disparity over the past two decades. As international migration increases, these findings call for greater theoretical and empirical breadth in legal inequality research beyond traditional emphases, such as race and ethnicity.
High Prevalence of Anelloviruses in Vitreous Fluid of Children With Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis

Abstract Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis (SHAPU) is a potentially blinding ocular disease occurring in Nepal that principally affects young children. Random amplification of partially purified vitreous fluid (VF)–derived nucleic acid revealed the presence of human anelloviruses in VF of SHAPU patients. In a comparative study of patients with different ocular pathologies, SHAPU patients were at highest risk of harboring anelloviruses in their eyes. The majority of SHAPU patients had multiple anelloviruses in their VF. The ocular anellovirus load in SHAPU and non-SHAPU patients did not differ and no SHAPU-specific anellovirus variant was detected. Analysis of paired serum and VF samples from SHAPU and non-SHAPU patients showed that the anellovirus detected in VF samples most likely originated from the systemic viral pool during viremia, potentially through breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier. The detection of anelloviruses in VF samples of uveitis patients, profoundly so in SHAPU patients, is imperative and warrants elucidation of its clinical significance.