Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A stochastic model of anomalous heat transport: analytical solution of the steady state

We consider a one-dimensional harmonic crystal with conservative noise, in contact with two stochastic Langevin heat baths at different temperatures. The noise term consists of collisions between neighbouring oscillators that exchange their momenta, with a rate γ. The stationary equations for the covariance matrix are exactly solved in the thermodynamic limit (N → ∞). In particular, we derive an analytical expression for the temperature profile, which turns out to be independent of γ. Moreover, we obtain an exact expression for the leading term of the energy current, which scales as . Our theoretical results are finally found to be consistent with the numerical solutions of the covariance matrix for finite N.
Symptom and Quality of Life Assessment

BACKGROUND 520 CONTENTS Symptoms of incontinence are common, particularly amongst older people, and, at any age, incontinence can have a severe impact on the quality of life of some individuals. A number of treatments for incontinence are available, most of which aim to reduce the occurrence of incontinent episodes or to limit the impact of the disorder on everyday life. In research and clinical practice it is essential that the symptoms and impact of incontinence can be properly assessed and recorded. Symptoms of incontinence and their impact on patients' quality of life can be assessed in a number of ways, but the only valid way of measuring the patient's perspective of their predicament is through the use of psychometrically robust self-completion questionnaires. In the reports from the First and Second International Consultations on Incontinence, the impact of incontinence on quality of life and methods of measuring these factors were described, and a number of questionnaires with acceptable levels of psychometric testing were recommended for use in research and clinical practice. [1] [2] This chapter will summarise the major findings from those reviews, extend these with an updated systematic review of the literature, and provide new recommendations for questionnaires developed for use in clinical practice and research. In addition, the ICIQ modular questionnaires (supported by the International Consultation) are presented in detail and their use evaluated. A number of different electronic databases were searched, limited to adults over the age of 18 years and human studies from January 2001 to June 2004, including Pub-Med, Medline, PsychInfo, the LOCA-TORplus database for books, serial titles and audio-visuals, the Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials, and the NLM Gateway database. The following keywords were used separately and/or in combination: " urinary incontinence " , " incontinence " , " questionnaire " , " epidemiology " , " prostate " , " prolapse " , " fecal " , " faecal " , " bowel " , " anal " and " quality of life " , " sexual " and " health utilities ". Questionnaires identified in previous ICI reports were also searched in PubMed and Medline. A systematic Medline search from 1966 – April 2003 using the keywords " faecal " , " fecal " , " anal " or " bowel " with " questionnaire " , " instrument " , " quality of life " , or " measure " found …
Metal-rich RR Lyrae Variables. I. The Evolutionary Scenario

This paper presents evolutionary computations that investigate the theoretical predictions concerning metal-rich RR Lyrae pulsators found both in the Galactic field and in the Galactic bulge. The main aim of this investigation is to provide a homogeneous evolutionary context for further analyses concerning the pulsational properties of these evolving structures. In this connection, a suitable set of stellar models characterized by two different metal contents, namely, Z = 0.01 and Z = 0.02, were followed through both H- and He-burning phases. This evolutionary scenario covers the theoretical expectations for pulsating He-burning structures with ages ranging from 20 to less than 1 Gyr. For each given assumption about the star metallicity, we find that “old” He-burning pulsators with ages larger than 2 Gyr have a common behavior, with Z = 0.01 pulsators slightly more luminous and more massive than Z = 0.02 pulsators. However, as soon as the metallicity increases above the solar value, the luminosity of horizontal-branch (HB) stars increases again. This effect is a direct consequence of the expected simultaneous increase of both original He and metals. The occurrence of “young” RR Lyrae pulsators is discussed, and we show that this peculiar group of variable stars can be produced if the mass loss pushes He-burning stars originating from more massive progenitors into the instability region, where electron degeneracy plays a minor role. In this case the luminosity of the pulsators could be substantially reduced with respect to the case of “old” variables; therefore, the theoretical expectations should also provide for this group of variable stars shorter pulsation periods. Hydrogen-burning isochrones for the quoted metallicity values are also presented and discussed. Finally, the occurrence of a new “gravonuclear instability” in some HB models during the ignition of He shell burning is discussed. We have found that the appearance of this phenomenon is due to the opacity “bump” connected with iron. At the same time, we have also outlined the role that this feature could play on observable stars.
A Functional Approach to Deconvolve Dynamic Neuroimaging Data

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique which can be used to investigate chemical changes in human biological processes such as cancer development or neurochemical reactions. Most dynamic PET scans are currently analyzed based on the assumption that linear first-order kinetics can be used to adequately describe the system under observation. However, there has recently been strong evidence that this is not the case. To provide an analysis of PET data which is free from this compartmental assumption, we propose a nonparametric deconvolution and analysis model for dynamic PET data based on functional principal component analysis. This yields flexibility in the possible deconvolved functions while still performing well when a linear compartmental model setup is the true data generating mechanism. As the deconvolution needs to be performed on only a relative small number of basis functions rather than voxel by voxel in the entire three-dimensional volume, the methodology is both robust to typical brain imaging noise levels while also being computationally efficient. The new methodology is investigated through simulations in both one-dimensional functions and 2D images and also applied to a neuroimaging study whose goal is the quantification of opioid receptor concentration in the brain.
Discriminative Feature Co-Occurrence Selection for Object Detection

This paper describes an object detection framework that learns the discriminative co-occurrence of multiple features. Feature co-occurrences are automatically found by sequential forward selection at each stage of the boosting process. The selected feature co-occurrences are capable of extracting structural similarities of target objects leading to better performance. The proposed method is a generalization of the framework proposed by Viola and Jones, where each weak classifier depends only on a single feature. Experimental results obtained using four object detectors for finding faces and three different hand poses, respectively, show that detectors trained with the proposed algorithm yield consistently higher detection rates than those based on their framework while using the same number of features.
The Effects of Credible Online Reviews on Brand Equity Dimensions and Its Consequence on Consumer Behavior

ABSTRACT Consumers are using social media platform to gain and share knowledge on brands. In the virtual environment, consumers are exposed to various online reviews on brands that leave an impression of brands on the minds of the consumers. The present study combines Yale attitude change model and attribution theory to examine the effects of credible online reviews on brand equity dimensions. The present study views, through the lens of Yale attitude change model, the various factors that affect credibility evaluation of online reviews. Further, attribution theory is used as the theoretical backbone to analyze the effects of credible online reviews on brand equity dimensions and finally on purchase intention. This study uses structural equations modeling (SEM) to investigate the impact of online credible reviews on customer based brand equity (CBBE) dimensions and its consequence on consumer behavior (purchase intention). Results indicate that source and review quality are the most important factors that affect consumer's credibility evaluation of a review. Online credible reviews have more significant impact on brand awareness, perceived value and organizational associations and thus leads to consumer's purchase intention in the context of consumer electronic products in India.
Multicomponent WKB on arbitrary symplectic manifolds: A star product approach

It is known that in the WKB approximation of multicomponent systems like Dirac equation or Born-Oppenheimer approximation, an additional phase appears apart from the Berry phase. So far, this phase was only examined in special cases, or under certain restrictive assumptions, namely that the eigenspaces of the matrix or endomorphism valued symbol of the Hamiltonian form trivial bundles. We give a completely global derivation of this phase which does not depend on any choice of local trivializing sections. This is achieved using a star product approach to quantization. Furthermore, we give a systematic and global approach to a reduction of the problem to a problem defined completely on the different ``polarizations''. Finally, we discuss to what extent it is actually possible to reduce the problem to a really scalar one, and make some comments on obstructions to the existence of global quasiclassical states.
An Assessment of the Efficiency of Dust Regional Modelling to Predict Saharan Dust Transport Episodes

Aerosol levels at Mediterranean Basin are significantly affected by desert dust that is eroded in North Africa and is transported northwards. This study aims to assess the performance of the Dust REgional Atmospheric Model (BSC-DREAM8b) in the prediction of dust outbreaks near the surface in Eastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, model PM10 predictions covering a 7-year period and PM10 observations at five surface monitoring sites in Greece are used. A quantitative criterion is set to select the significant dust outbreaks defined as those when the predicted PM10 surface concentration exceeds 12 μg/m3. The analysis reveals that significant dust transport is usually observed for 1–3 consecutive days. Dust outbreak seasons are spring and summer, while some events are also forecasted in autumn. The seasonal variability of dust transport events is different at Finokalia, where the majority of events are observed in spring and winter. Dust contributes by 19–25% to the near surface observed PM10 levels, which can be increased to more than 50 μg/m3 during dust outbreaks, inducing violations of the air quality standards. Dust regional modeling can be regarded as a useful tool for air quality managers when assessing compliance with air quality limit values.
Compact moduli of plane curves

We construct a compactication Md of the moduli space of plane curves of degreed. We regard a plane curveC P 2 as a surface-divisor pair (P 2 ;C) and dene Md as a moduli space of pairs (X;D) where X is a degeneration of the plane. We show that, if d is not divisible by 3, the stackMd is smooth and the degenerate surfaces X can be described explicitly. MSC2000: 14H10, 14J10, 14E30.
Methodological Considerations about the Use of Bimodal Oddball P300 in Psychiatry: Topography and Reference Effect

Event-related potentials (ERPs) bimodal oddball task has disclosed increased sensitivity to show P300 modulations to subclinical symptoms. Even if the utility of such a procedure has still to be confirmed at a clinical level, gathering normative values of this new oddball variant may be of the greatest interest. We specifically addressed the challenge of defining the best location for the recording of P3a and P3b components and selecting the best reference to use by investigating the effect of an oﬄine re-reference procedure on recorded bimodal P3a and P3b. Forty young and healthy subjects were submitted to a bimodal (synchronized and always congruent visual and auditory stimuli) three-stimulus oddball task in which 140 frequent bimodal stimuli, 30 deviant “target” stimuli and 30 distractors were presented. Task consisted in clicking as soon as possible on the targets, and not paying attention to frequent stimuli and distractors. This procedure allowed us to record, for each individual, the P3a component, referring to the novelty process related to distractors processing, and the P3b component, linked to the processing of the target stimuli. Results showed that both P3a and P3b showed maximal amplitude in Pz. However, P3a displayed a more central distribution. Nose reference was also shown to give maximal amplitudes compared with average and linked mastoids references. These data were discussed in light of the necessity to develop multi-site recording guidelines to furnish sets of ERPs data comparable across laboratories.
Descriptive Decision Making : Comparing Theory with Practice

Classical theories of choice emphasise decision making as a rational process. In general, these theories fail to recognise the formulation stages of a decision and typically can only be applied to problems comprising two or more measurable alternatives. In response to such limitations, numerous descriptive theories have been developed over the last forty years, intended to describe how decisions are made. This paper presents a framework that classifies descriptive theories using a theme of comparison; comparisons involving attributes, alternatives and situations. The paper also reports on research undertaken within a New Zealand local authority. Twenty three senior managers were interviewed about their decision making with the aim of comparing the responses of participants with how the descriptive decision making literature purports decisions are made. Evidence of behaviour consistent with recognised descriptive theories was also investigated. It was found that few managers exhibited behaviour consistent with what is described in the literature. The major difference appears to be the lack of decision formulation contained within most descriptive theories. Descriptive theories are, in general, theories of choice and few decisions described by participants contained a distinct choice phase.
Magnesium L-threonate prevents and restores memory deficits associated with neuropathic pain by inhibition of TNF-α.

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have shown that about two-thirds of patients with chronic pain suffer from short-term memory (STM) deficits and an effective drug for treatment of the neurological disorder is lacking at present. OBJECTIVE We tested whether chronic oral application of magnesium L-threonate (MgT), which has been shown to improve memory in normal and aging animals by elevating Mg2+ in the brain, could prevent or restore the STM deficits induced by spared nerve injury (SNI), an animal model of chronic neuropathic pain. The mechanisms underlying the effect of MgT on STM deficits were also investigated. STUDY DESIGN The experiments were conducted in a random and double-blind fashion in adult male rats. MgT was administrated via drinking water at a dose of 609 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks, starting either one week before SNI (preventative group) or one week after SNI (therapeutic group), and water without the drug served as control. METHODS STM was accessed with a novel object recognition test (NORT), followed by recording of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus in vivo and the measurement of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with Western Blot or Immunohistochemistrical staining, a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) currents were recorded with patch clamp in CA1 neurons in acute and cultured hippocampal slices. RESULT We found that chronic oral application of MgT was able to prevent and restore the deficits of STM and of LTP at CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus induced by SNI. Furthermore, both preventative and therapeutic chronic oral application of MgT blocked the up-regulation of TNF-α in the hippocampus, which has been previously shown to be critical for memory deficits. SNI reduced NMDAR current and the effect was dramatically attenuated by elevating extracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]○). In cultured hippocampal slices, chronic application of recombinant rat TNF-α (rrTNF-α) for 3 days reduced NMDAR current in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect was again blocked by elevating [Mg2+]○. LIMITATIONS We showed that oral application of MgT inhibited the over-expression of TNF-α and rescued the dysfunction of the NMDAR, but the causal relationship between them remains elusive. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that oral application of MgT was able to prevent and restore the STM deficits in an animal model of chronic neuropathic pain by reversing the dysfunction of the NMDAR, and normalization of TNF-α expression may play a role in the effect. Oral application of MgT may be a simple and potent means for handling this form of memory deficit.
Estradiol and Bisphenol A Stimulate Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Gene Expression in Fetal Mouse Prostate Mesenchyme Cells

Background Hormonal alterations during development have lifelong effects on the prostate gland. Endogenous estrogens, including 17β-estradiol (E2), and synthetic estrogenic endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), have similar effects on prostate development. Increasing exposure to estrogens within the low-dose, physiologic range results in permanent increases in the size and androgen responsiveness of the prostate, whereas exposure within the high-dose, pharmacologic range has the opposite effects. Objectives We tested the hypothesis that the low-dose effects of estrogens on the developing prostate are associated with increased expression of androgen receptor (Ar) and estrogen receptor 1 (α) (Esr1) genes in mesenchyme cells. Methods Ar and Esr1 mRNA levels were quantified in primary cultures of fetal mouse prostate mesenchyme cells treated with E2 and BPA. Discussion Ar and Esr1 mRNA expression increased in response to E2, with thresholds of 0.001 and 0.037 nM, respectively; and in response to BPA, with a threshold of 1 nM for both mRNAs. We did not observe the expected inhibition of Ar mRNA expression by pharmacologic levels of E2 relative to unexposed cells. Conclusions The observed induction of gene expression occurred at concentrations within the range of free E2 previously shown to permanently increase prostate size, thus supporting the involvement of direct effects of estrogens on gene expression in prostate mesenchyme. The effects of BPA occurred within the range of concentrations currently measured in human serum, demonstrating the vulnerability of developing tissues to xenoestrogens.
Using a genetic algorithm and formal concept analysis to generate branch coverage test data automatically

Automatic test generators (ATGs) are an important support tool for large-scale software development. Contemporary ATGs include JTest that does white box testing down to the method level only and black box testing if a specification exists, and AETG that tests pairwise interactions among input variables. The first automatic test generation approaches were static, based on symbolic execution (Clarke, 1976). Korel suggested a dynamic approach to automatic test data generation using function minimization and directed search (Korel, 1990). A dynamic approach can handle array, pointer, function and other dynamic constructs more accurately than a static approach but it may also be more expensive since the program under test is executed repeatedly. Subsequent ATGs explored the use of genetic algorithms (Jones et al., 1996; Michael et al., 2001; Pargas et al., 1999) and simulated annealing (Tracey et al., 1998). These ATGs address the problem of producing test data for low level code coverage like statement, branch and condition/decision and depend on branch function (Korel, 1990) style instrumentation (Jones et al., 1996; Michael et al., 2001) and/or the program graph (Jones et al., 1996; Pargas et al., 1999). Unlike previous work, our ATG, called genet, produces test data for branch coverage with simpler instrumentation than branch functions, does not use program graphs, and is programming language independent, genet uses a genetic algorithm (GA) (Holland, 1975) to search for tests and formal concept analysis (FCA) (Ganter and Wille, 1999) to organize the relationships between tests and their execution traces. The combination of GA with FCA is novel. Further, genet extends the opportunistic approach of GADGET (Michael et al., 2001) by targeting several uncovered branches simultaneously. The relationships that genet learns provides useful insights for test selection, test maintenance and debugging
Pengaruh Self Tapping Terhadap Penurunan Level Dysmenorhea Pada Mahasiswi Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

Dysmenorrhea primer adalah nyeri pada perut bagian bawah yang dirasakan pada saat menstruasi tanpa adanya kelainan pada panggul. Banyaknya gejala yang muncul saat dysmenorrhea dapat berpengaruh pada aktivitas kerja dan aktivitas sehari-hari. Ada beberapa manajemen nyeri untuk mengatasi dysmenorrhea primer, salah satunya adalah dengan self tapping. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis efektifitas terapi self tapping dalam menurunkan level nyeri dysmenorrhea primer pada mahasiswi PSIK FK UGM. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian quasi experiment non randomized pretest-postest with control. Pada kelompok intervensi diberikan perlakuan self tapping, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol diberikan perlakuan nafas dalam. Pengukuran level nyeri dysmenorrhea primer dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) dengan skala 1−10. Jumlah responden sebanyak 60 orang. Untuk mengetahui perbandingan level nyeri sebelum dan sesudah terapi pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol, dilakukan uji statistik Wilcoxon. Sedangkan untuk membandingkan perbedaan level nyeri antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dilakukan uji statistik Mann Whitney. Hasil menunjukkan intervensi self tapping lebih efektif menurunkan level nyeri dysmenorrhea primer pada mahasiswi PSIK FK UGM dengan nilai p = 0,007. Kesimpulannya terdapat pengaruh terapi self tapping terhadap terhadap level nyeri dysmenorrhea primer pada mahasiswi PSIK FK UGM. Terapi self tapping dapat dijadikan pilihan penanganan untuk mengurangi nyeri pada saat mengalami dysmenorrhea primer.