Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgery to Treat Focal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy in Adults

OBJECTIVE To report clinical, neuropathological, and outcome data for a series of adult patients with focal frontal lobe epilepsy (fFLE) who underwent nonlobar resection restricted to the frontal lobe. METHODS Sixty-eight adult cases (24 female and 44 male patients) were included in the study, on the basis of prospectively collected data that were retrospectively evaluated. There were 68 lesionectomies, 17 of which were combined with multiple subpial transection, with a mean follow-up period of 28.4 ± 23.3 months. Cases involving additional extrafrontal surgery were excluded. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients underwent invasive preoperative evaluations, and 31 underwent noninvasive evaluations. Intraoperative electrocorticography was used in 32% of cases. There were 24 tumors, 18 dysgenetic lesions, 14 gliotic lesions, and 10 vascular malformations. Fifteen tumors were of glial origin, one was a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, and eight were gangliogliomas. The most common dysgenetic lesions were hamartomas (15 cases). Outcomes (classified into four Engel groups) were as follows: Class I, 54%; Class II, 19%; Class III, 15%; Class IV, 12%. Seizure-free rates were comparable for tumor and dysgenesis cases and were not as good for vascular malformation and gliosis cases. Outcome differences were not significant with respect to aura presence, side of surgery, age at the time of surgery, and age at seizure onset. There were 3 cases of surgical complications, 10 cases of transient neurological disturbances, and 1 case involving a permanent neurological deficit. No deaths occurred. CONCLUSION Outcomes with fFLE surgery have improved, compared with historical series. fFLE resections restricted to the frontal lobe did not yield seizure-free rates as good as those for comparable nonfocal frontal lobe epilepsy series. All fFLE cases demonstrated histological lesions. fFLE surgery was associated with a higher risk of transient neurological deficits, most likely because of the necessity for multiple subpial transection. The outcomes and higher rates of invasive evaluations and intraoperative electrocorticography indicate the special complexities of frontal lobe epilepsy. The permanent neurological disability rate was low in this series, and there were no deaths.
Overexpression of Catalase in Cytosolic or Mitochondrial Compartment Protects HepG2 Cells against Oxidative Injury*

HepG2 cells were transfected with vectors containing human catalase cDNA and catalase cDNA with a mitochondrial leader sequence to allow comparison of the effectiveness of catalase overexpressed in the cytosolic or mitochondrial compartments to protect against oxidant-induced injury. Overexpression of catalase in cytosol and in mitochondria was confirmed by Western blot, and activity measurement and stable cell lines were established. The intracellular level of H2O2 induced by exogenously added H2O2 or antimycin A was lower in C33 cell lines overexpressing catalase in the cytosol and mC5 cell lines overexpressing catalase in the mitochondria as compared with Hp cell lines transfected with empty vector. Cell death caused by H2O2, antimycin A, and menadione was considerably suppressed in both the mC5 and C33 cell lines. C33 and mC5 cells were also more resistant to apoptosis induced by H2O2 and to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H2O2 and antimycin A. In view of the comparable protection by catalase overexpressed in the cytosol versus the mitochondria, catalase produced in both cellular compartments might act as a sink to decompose H2O2 and move diffusable H2O2 down its concentration gradient. The present study suggests that catalase in cytosol and catalase in mitochondria are capable of protecting HepG2 cells against cytotoxicity or apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.
Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence

This article is an attempt to expand the descriptive characteristics of the Cross model by discussing a theory of psychological Nigrescence that hypothesizes the changes in racial identity that a Black person can experience at various points in the life-cycle process. In this discussion, I will attempt to describe how various stages of racial identity are manifest at three periods of life: late adolescence/early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. I will conclude with a discussion of the implications for counseling Blacks who display varying degrees of racial identity attitudes.
Policing Borders, Producing Boundaries: The Governmentality of Immigration in Dark Times

The governmentality of immigration has become a crucial issue of contemporary societies. Ironically, although globalization meant facilitated circulation of goods, it has also signified increased constraints on the mobility of men and women. This evolution has been characterized by the policing of physical borders and the production of racialized boundaries, primarily studied by the social sciences in North America and Western Europe. Anthropological studies highlight the renewed role of the nation-state to impose a surveillance apparatus of the frontiers and the territories, regimes of exception for the detention and deportation of illegal aliens, and a dramatic decline in the right to asylum, sometimes replaced by forms of discretionary humanitarianism. These logics are embodied in the everyday work of bureaucracies as well as in the experience of immigrants.
The Influence of Other's Morality and Own Social Value Orientation on Cooperation in the Netherlands and the U.S.A.

Abstract The present study examines a two-person social dilemma characterised by the conflict between the pursuit of own benefits and collective benefits. The main purpose is twofold: (1) to examine the effect of perceptions of one person's morality (e.g. honesty) on expected cooperation from another and own cooperation, and (2) to examine whether pre-existing differences between individuals in their social value orientation, or preferences for certain patterns of outcomes to self and others (McClintock, 1978), would modify these effects of other's morality. As predicted on the basis of the Might over Morality hypothesis (Liebrand. Jansen et al., 1986), it was found that considerably more cooperation was expected from one perceived as highly moral than from another perceived as low on morality. Contrary to a second Might over Morality prediction, however, this effect was not moderated by individual differences in social value orientation. In addition, it was found that subjects with pro-social value orien.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application on Ganglioside Study; Visualization of Age-Dependent Accumulation of C20-Ganglioside Molecular Species in the Mouse Hippocampus

Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) and thought to play important roles in memory formation, neuritogenesis, synaptic transmission, and other neural functions. Although several molecular species of gangliosides have been characterized and their individual functions elucidated, their differential distribution in the CNS are not well understood. In particular, whether the different molecular species show different distribution patterns in the brain remains unclear. We report the distinct and characteristic distributions of ganglioside molecular species, as revealed by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). This technique can discriminate the molecular species, raised from both oligosaccharide and ceramide structure by determining the difference of the mass-to-charge ratio, and structural analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. Gangliosides in the CNS are characterized by the structure of the long-chain base (LCB) in the ceramide moiety. The LCB of the main ganglioside species has either 18 or 20 carbons (i.e., C18- or C20-sphingosine); we found that these 2 types of gangliosides are differentially distributed in the mouse brain. While the C18-species was widely distributed throughout the frontal brain, the C20-species selectively localized along the entorhinal-hippocampus projections, especially in the molecular layer (ML) of the dentate gyrus (DG). We revealed development- and aging-related accumulation of the C-20 species in the ML-DG. Thus it is possible to consider that this brain-region specific regulation of LCB chain length is particularly important for the distinct function in cells of CNS.
Time to Stop Avoiding the Tax Avoidance Issue in Croatia? A Proposal Based on Recent Developments in the European Union

The paper takes a tax policy perspective in analysing the approach to tax avoidance in Croatia and expounding its existing shortcomings. It is argued that Croatia is yet to develop a coherent legislative framework suitable for curbing tax avoidance in an equitable, efficient and simple way. One instrument that has hitherto been ignored is the general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR), a keystone of anti-avoidance policies in other countries. The authors propose the introduction of a specific GAAR, based on recent developments in the European Union (EU), in Croatian tax legislation. This proposal is supported by multiple tax policy arguments. Special emphasis is placed on the requirements of legal certainty, a traditional weak spot of the Croatian tax system. The proposal is put in the context of the persistent quest for a sustainable public finance system in times of crisis.
Trust, talk and the dictaphone: Tracing the discursive accomplishment of trust in a surgical consultation

Using discourse analytical methods, this article examines the interactional accomplishment of trust. Focusing on a case study drawn from a corpus of 28 surgical consultations collected in a gastro-intestinal clinic, it traces the trust-building process in a specific, communicatively challenging encounter where the patient is seeking a second opinion following an operation that she deems unsuccessful. Discourse analytical findings make visible the doctor’s strategic interactional work to build interpersonal trust with the patient and to regain her trust in the surgical profession. This work extends beyond interaction with the patient to include dictation of a letter to the referring doctor in the patient’s presence. Close analysis of the encounter reveals how this co-constructed consultation letter is deployed to strengthen the fragile patient–doctor trust engendered thus far. The article therefore provides insights into the discursive processes of trust building that could potentially be of considerable practical relevance to the medical profession.
Wnt Signaling Regulates the Lineage Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells through Tcf3 Down-Regulation

Canonical Wnt signaling plays a rate-limiting role in regulating self-renewal and differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We have previously shown that mutation in the Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumor suppressor gene constitutively activates Wnt signaling in ESCs and inhibits their capacity to differentiate towards ecto-, meso-, and endodermal lineages. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms through which Wnt regulates lineage differentiation in mouse ESCs remain to date largely unknown. To this aim, we have derived and studied the gene expression profiles of several Apc-mutant ESC lines encoding for different levels of Wnt signaling activation. We found that down-regulation of Tcf3, a member of the Tcf/Lef family and a key player in the control of self-renewal and pluripotency, represents a specific and primary response to Wnt activation in ESCs. Accordingly, rescuing Tcf3 expression partially restored the neural defects observed in Apc-mutant ESCs, suggesting that Tcf3 down-regulation is a necessary step towards Wnt-mediated suppression of neural differentiation. We found that Tcf3 down-regulation in the context of constitutively active Wnt signaling does not result from promoter DNA methylation but is likely to be caused by a plethora of mechanisms at both the RNA and protein level as shown by the observed decrease in activating histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3-acetylation) and the upregulation of miR-211, a novel Wnt-regulated microRNA that targets Tcf3 and attenuates early neural differentiation in mouse ESCs. Our data show for the first time that Wnt signaling down-regulates Tcf3 expression, possibly at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and thus highlight a novel mechanism through which Wnt signaling inhibits neuro-ectodermal lineage differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Waltz Dancing in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: New Form of Exercise Training

Background—There is evidence that aerobic exercise improves functional capacity in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II and III chronic heart failure. However, it is unknown whether dancing is safe and able to improve functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods and Results—We prospectively studied 130 patients with stable chronic heart failure (107 men; mean age, 59±11 years) in New York Heart Association class II and III and left ventricle ejection fraction <40%. Patients were randomized to supervised aerobic exercise training at 70% of peak &OV0312;o2 3 times a week for 8 weeks (group E, n=44) or to a dance protocol of alternate slow (5 minutes) and fast (3 minutes) waltz lasting 21 minutes (group D, n=44). A group that did not undergo exercise training served as control (group C, n=42). On study entry and at 8 weeks, all patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer until volitional fatigue, 2D-echo with Doppler, and endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery. Heart rate was 111±15 bpm during exercise training and 113±19 bpm during dancing (P=0.59). Peak &OV0312;o2, anaerobic threshold, &OV0312;e/&OV0312;co2 slope, and &OV0312;o2/W slope were all similarly improved in both E and D groups (+16% and 18%, 20% and 21%, 14% and 15%, 18% and 19%, respectively; P not significant for all comparisons; P<0.001 versus controls). Endothelium-dependent relaxation was also similarly improved (group E, from 2.6±1.3% to 5.2±1.5%, P<0.001 versus control; group D, from 2.2±1.4% to 5.0±1.5%, P<0.001 versus control for both E and D). The change in peak &OV0312;o2 in E and D groups was correlated with changes in peak velocity of early filling wave/peak velocity of late filling ratio (r=−0.58, P<0.001) and endothelium-dependent dilation (r=0.64, P<0.001). Untoward events were rare in both E and D groups. Conclusions—In patients with stable chronic heart failure, waltz dancing is safe and able to improve functional capacity and endothelium-dependent dilation similar to traditional aerobic exercise training. Waltz dancing may be considered in clinical practice in combination with aerobic exercise training or as an alternative to it.
The organisation, operational dynamics and structure of female sex work in Pakistan

Background Pakistan is known to have large populations of female sex workers (FSWs) with considerable geographic heterogeneity in their characteristics. In this paper, we describe the social organisation and structural patterns of female sex work in different geographic regions of Pakistan. Methods We report geographic and network mapping data collected among FSWs in 15 cities across Pakistan in 2011 as part of the Canada-Pakistan HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project. Results A total number of 89 178 FSWs were estimated in the target cities for an average of 7.2 FSWs per 1000 adult males. 55% of the estimated number of FSWs concentrated in Karachi and Lahore. Based on the operations of female sex work, two major typologies of FSWs were identified: establishment-based and non-establishment-based. FSWs were further subtyped into those operating through brothels, homes, kothikhanas, streets and by cell phone. Cities varied considerably in terms of predominance of different FSW typologies. Conclusions There is considerable heterogeneity among FSWs in Pakistan, geographically and in terms of operational typology. Understanding the social organisation of sex work and the influence of social-cultural and legal factors in Pakistan is essential for the design of HIV prevention programmes and other services for FSWs.
Intergenerational Relationship Characteristics and Grandchildren's Perceptions of Grandparent Goal Influence

This study examines grandparent influence on goal preferences of young adult grandchildren as a function of grandparent-grandchild relationship characteristics. The current sample consists of 404 grandchildren between the ages of 18 and 25. The results of multiple regression analyses indicate that the relationship model predicts overall grandparent goal influence. An analysis of the contribution of specific activities indicates that emotional closeness makes a significant positive contribution to the regression model.
The Association of Forskolin-Stimulated Cyclic AMP Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Healthy People with Depressive Mood and Sense of Coherence

Abstract: Background: Depressive mood exerts a suppressive effect on immune functions, mediated through neuro-immune processes. Research suggests a protective effect of sense of coherence (SOC) on psychological and physical health in face of stressful life events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a cellular second messenger that is coupled to certain receptors expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). By interfering with the neuro-endocrine-immune axis, depressive mood may induce changes in intracellular cAMP levels in PBMC. Aims of study: To examine a possible association of SOC, stressful life events during the previous year, depressive mood, and cAMP levels. Methods: Fifteen male volunteers participated in the study. They completed the SOC and Zung's depression questionnaires and stressful life events inventory. Basic cAMP level and forskolin-stimulated cAMP production were measured in PBMC. Results: Forskolin-stimulated cAMP production was significantly higher in individuals who .
Theorizing Historical Consciousness

* Peter Seixas: Introduction. I. Historiographies and Historical Consciousness. * Chris Lorenz, Professor of Philosophy and Medothology of History, Leiden University and Free University of Amsterdam. 'Towards A Theoretical Framework For Comparing Historiographies: Some Preliminary Considerations'* James Wertsch, Department of Education, Washington University, St. Louis. 'Specific Narratives and Schematic Narrative Templates'* Jorn Riisen, Institute for the Advanced Studies of the Humanitiies, Essex. 'What Is Historical Consciousness? A Theoretical Approach To Empirical Evidence'* Mark Phillips, Department of History, Universtiy of British Columbia. 'Historical Distance: An Introduction'* II. History Education and Historical Consciousness * Jocelyn Letourneau and Sabrina Moisan, Department of History, Laval University, Quebec. 'Young People's Assimilation of a Collective Historical Memory'* Peter Lee, University of London Institute of Education. 'Understanding History'* Christian Laville. 'Historical Consciousness and History Education: What To Expect from the First for the Second'* Roger Simon, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto. 'The Pedagogical Insistence of Public Memory'* Kent den Heyer (ed.). 'A Dialogue on Narrative and Historical Consciousness'* III. The Politics of Memory and History Education * Tony Taylor, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. 'Disputed Territory: Some Political Contexts for the Development of Australian Historical Consciousness'* John Torpey, Departments of Sociology and History, University of British Columbia. 'The Pursuit of the Past: A Polemical Perspective'
Sparse Local Embeddings for Extreme Multi-label Classification

The objective in extreme multi-label learning is to train a classifier that can automatically tag a novel data point with the most relevant subset of labels from an extremely large label set. Embedding based approaches attempt to make training and prediction tractable by assuming that the training label matrix is low-rank and reducing the effective number of labels by projecting the high dimensional label vectors onto a low dimensional linear subspace. Still, leading embedding approaches have been unable to deliver high prediction accuracies, or scale to large problems as the low rank assumption is violated in most real world applications. In this paper we develop the SLEEC classifier to address both limitations. The main technical contribution in SLEEC is a formulation for learning a small ensemble of local distance preserving embeddings which can accurately predict infrequently occurring (tail) labels. This allows SLEEC to break free of the traditional low-rank assumption and boost classification accuracy by learning embeddings which preserve pairwise distances between only the nearest label vectors. We conducted extensive experiments on several real-world, as well as benchmark data sets and compared our method against state-of-the-art methods for extreme multi-label classification. Experiments reveal that SLEEC can make significantly more accurate predictions then the state-of-the-art methods including both embedding-based (by as much as 35%) as well as tree-based (by as much as 6%) methods. SLEEC can also scale efficiently to data sets with a million labels which are beyond the pale of leading embedding methods.
Who You Calling Old? Measuring “Elderly” and What It Means for Homicide Research

Although Americans are less likely to experience violent crime as they age, research interest in elderly victims of violence is growing. An initial question that has been overlooked concerns how best to measure “elderly. ” In the homicide literature, the most common definition is a single category of age 65 and older. With U.S. adults living longer, healthier, and more active lives, use of a single category may no longer adequately capture this heterogeneous population. The present study explores how a multiple-category definition of elderly might inform the study of homicide by identifying patterns that could promote more tailored explanations.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters on the Oxylipin Composition of Lipoproteins in Hypertriglyceridemic, Statin-Treated Subjects

Background Oxylipins mediate inflammation, vascular tension, and more. Their presence in lipoproteins could explain why lipoproteins mediate nearly identical activities. Methods To determine how oxylipins are distributed in the lipoproteins of hypertriglyceridemic subjects, and whether omega-3 fatty acids alter them in a manner consistent with improved cardiovascular health, we recruited 15 dyslipidemic subjects whose levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were at goal but who remained hypertriglyceridemic (200–499 mg/dL). They were treated them with the indicated dose of 4 g/d omega-3 acid ethyl esters (P-OM3) for 8 weeks. Measured oxylipins included mid-chain alcohols (HETEs, HEPEs and HDoHEs), ketones (KETEs), epoxides (as EpETrEs, EpETEs, and EpDPEs). Results At baseline, arachidonate-oxylipins (HETEs, KETEs, and EpETrEs) were most abundant in plasma with the greatest fraction of total abundance (mean |95% CI|) being carried in high density lipoproteins (HDL); 42% |31, 57| followed by very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); 27% |20, 36|; and LDL 21% |16, 28|. EPA- and DHA-derived oxylipins constituted less than 11% of total. HDL carried alcohols and epoxides but VLDL was also rich in ketones. Treatment decreased AA-derived oxylipins across lipoprotein classes (−23% |−33, −12|, p = 0.0003), and expanded EPA−(322% |241, 422|, p<0.0001) and DHA-derived oxylipins (123% |80, 176|, p<0.0001). Conclusions Each lipoprotein class carries a unique oxylipin complement. P-OM3 treatment alters the oxylipin content of all classes, reducing pro-inflammatory and increasing anti-inflammatory species, consistent with the improved inflammatory and vascular status associated with the treatment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00959842