Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Pricing for a Multinomial Logit Choice Model with Network Effects

We consider a seller’s problem of determining revenue-maximizing prices for an assortment of products that exhibit network effects. Customers make purchase decisions according to a multinomial logit choice model, modified—to incorporate network effects—so that the utility each individual customer gains from purchasing a particular product depends on the market’s total consumption of that product. In the setting of homogeneous products, we show that if the network effect is comparatively weak, then the optimal pricing decision of the seller is to set identical prices for all products. However, if the network effect is strong, then the optimal pricing decision is to set the price of one product low and to set the prices of all other products to a single high value. This boosts the sales of the single low-price product in comparison to the sales of all other products. We also obtain comparative statics results that describe how optimal prices and sales levels vary with a parameter that determines the strength of the network effects. We extend our analysis to settings with heterogeneous products and establish that optimal solutions have a structure similar to that found in the homogeneous case: either maintain a semblance of balance among all products or boost the sales of just one product. Based on this structure, we propose an effective computational algorithm for such general heterogeneous settings.
Direct Spinning of Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis

Many routes have been developed for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, but their assembly into continuous fibers has been achieved only through postprocessing methods. We spun fibers and ribbons of carbon nanotubes directly from the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis zone of a furnace using a liquid source of carbon and an iron nanocatalyst. This process was realized through the appropriate choice of reactants, control of the reaction conditions, and continuous withdrawal of the product with a rotating spindle used in various geometries. This direct spinning from a CVD reaction zone is extendable to other types of fiber and to the spin coating of rotating objects in general.
What's Wrong with Fat?

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Parent Involvement and Science Achievement: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis

This study examined science achievement growth across elementary and middle school and parent school involvement using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Class of 1998 – 1999 (ECLS-K). The ECLS-K is a nationally representative kindergarten cohort of students from public and private schools who attended full-day or half-day kindergarten class in 1998 – 1999. The present study’s sample (N = 8,070) was based on students that had a sampling weight available from the public-use data file. Students were assessed in science achievement at third, fifth, and eighth grades and parents of the students were surveyed at the same time points. Analyses using latent growth curve modeling with time invariant and varying covariates in an SEM framework revealed a positive relationship between science achievement and parent involvement at eighth grade. Furthermore, there were gender and racial/ethnic differences in parents’ school involvement as a predictor of science achievement. Findings indicated that students with lower initial science achievement scores had a faster rate of growth across time. The achievement gap between low and high achievers in earth, space and life sciences lessened from elementary to middle school. Parents’ involvement with school usually tapers off after elementary school, but due to parent school involvement being a significant predictor of eighth grade science achievement, later school involvement may need to be supported and better implemented in secondary schooling.
Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin release during ether and halothane anaesthesia.

SUMMARY The effects of diethyl ether and halothane anaesthesia on the arterial blood glucose, redox potential and plasma immunoreactive insulin were investigated in man. During ether anaesthesia the plasma insulin levels increased, while the blood redox potential decreased. During halothane anaesthesia no such changes were found.
Handbook of Cross-Cultural and Multicultural Personality Assessment

Contents: I.B. Weiner, Foreword. Preface. Part I:Overview and a Non-Euro-American Perspective. R.H. Dana, An Assessment-Intervention Model for Research and Practice With Multicultural Populations. E.F. Morris, An Africentric Perspective for Clinical Research and Practice. Part II:Minimizing Bias in Assumptions, Methodology, and Research Studies. R.G. Malgady, Myths About the Null Hypothesis and the Path to Reform. J. Allen, J.A. Walsh, A Construct-Based Approach to Equivalence: Methodologies for Cross-Cultural/Multicultural Personality Assessment Research. F. Van de Vijver, The Nature of Bias. Part III:Acculturation and Cultural/Racial Identity. I. Cuellar, Acculturation as a Moderator of Personality and Psychological Assessment. G. Roysircar-Sodowsky, M.V. Maestas, Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, and Acculturative Stress: Evidence and Measurement. A.K. Burlew, S. Bellow, M. Lovett, Racial Identity Measures: A Review and Classification System. J.E. Trimble, Social Psychological Perspectives on Changing Self-Identification Among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Part IV:The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Other Objective Tests. R.W. Handel, Y.S. Ben-Porath, Multicultural Assessment With the MMPI-2: Issues for Research and Practice. D.S. Nichols, J. Padilla, E.L. Gomez-Maqueo, Issues in the Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Use of the MMPI-2. R.R. Holden, Are There Promising MMPI Substitutes for Assessing Psychopathology and Personality? Review and Prospect. Part V:Projective Methods: The Rorschach Comprehensive System and Holtzman Inkblot Test. D. Ephraim, Culturally Relevant Research and Practice With the Rorschach Comprehensive System. A. Andronikof-Sanglade, Use of the Rorschach Comprehensive System in Europe: State of the Art. E.V. Vinet, The Rorschach Comprehensive System in Iberoamerica. A.A. Pires, National Norms for the Rorschach Normative Study in Portugal. W.H. Holtzman, Application of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique in Different Cultures. Part VI:Projective Methods: The Thematic Apperception Test and Other Picture-Story Tests. D. Ephraim, A Psychocultural Approach to TAT Scoring and Interpretation. E. Herzberg, Use of TAT in Multicultural Societies: Brazil and the United States. A. Avila-Espada, Objective Scoring for the TAT. G. Costantino, R.G. Malgady, Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Utility of the TEMAS (Tell-Me-A-Story) Test. T. Fagulha, The Once-Upon-A-Time Test. Part VII:Special Issues in Practice. S.I. Carbonell, An Assessment With Hispanics in Minnesota. E.F. Morris, Assessment Practices With African Americans: Combining Standard Assessment Measures Within an Africentric Orientation. I. Cuellar, G. GonzAlez, Cultural Identity Description and Cultural Formulation for Hispanics. N.G. Dinges, M.M. Atlis, S.L. Ragan, Assessment of Depression Among American Indians and Alaska Natives. P.F. Langman, Assessment Issues With Jewish Clients. S.R. Lopez, Teaching Culturally Informed Psychological Assessment.
Alveolar macrophage interaction with air pollution particulates.

We applied flow cytometric analysis to characterize the in vitro response of alveolar macrophages (AM) to air pollution particulates. Normal hamster AM were incubated with varying concentrations of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or concentrated ambient air particulates (CAP). We found a dose-dependent increase in AM-associated right angle light scatter (RAS) after uptake of ROFA (e.g., mean channel number 149.4 +/- 6.5, 102.5 +/- 4.1, 75.8 +/- 3.5, and 61.0 +/- 4.6 at 200, 100, 50, and 25 mg/ml, respectively) or CAP. A role for scavenger-type receptors (SR) in AM uptake of components of ROFA and CAP was identified by marked inhibition of RAS increases in AM pretreated with the specific SR inhibitor polyinosinic acid. We combined measurement of particle uptake (RAS) with flow cytometric analysis of intracellular oxidation of dichlorofluorescin. Both ROFA and CAP caused a dose-related intracellular oxidant stress within AM, comparable to that seen with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (e.g., fold increase over control, 6.6 +/- 0.4, 3.6 +/- 0.4, 4.6 +/- 0.5, 200 mg/ml ROFA, 100 mg/ml ROFA, and 10(-7) M PMA, respectively). We conclude that flow cytometry of RAS increases provides a useful relative measurement of AM uptake of complex particulates within ROFA and CAP. Both ROFA and CAP cause substantial intracellular oxidant stress within AM, which may contribute to subsequent cell activation and production of proinflammatory mediators.
Relationship of body condition score, live weight, stocking rate and grazing system to the mortality of Angora goats from hypothermia and their use in the assessment of welfare risks.

UNLABELLED Body condition scoring is widely used for sheep and cattle but the practice is included in only one Code of Practice for the welfare of goats in Australia. There is no published scientific evidence to support or defend its use in the assessment of welfare risks to farmed goats. PROCEDURE The significance of stocking rate, grazing system, body condition score (CS) and live weight were investigated in explaining the risk of mortality of individual and flocks of grazing Angora goats from hypothermia following a severe weather event in April. This event occurred 5 weeks after shearing the goats. Angora goats and Saxon Merino sheep were grazed alone, or mixed together in equal numbers at each of three stocking rates. RESULTS There was no mortality amongst Angora goats provided they grazed at the lowest stocking rate even when their CS was < or = 2.0. Mortality in flocks of Angora goats was most related to the CS reached during the preceding 2 months. For flocks of Angora goats there was no mortality at CS > or = 2.5 and mortality increased sharply at mean CS < 2.0. For individual Angora goats, mortality increased as CS declined and stocking rate and grazing combinations were additive in effect on mortality. Grazing with sheep increased mortality of Angora goats at higher stocking rates. The individual goat mortality rate was not dependent on individual plot effects suggesting that these results are applicable widely. Live weight loss was not related to mortality rates of goats once CS had been accounted for. CONCLUSION It was concluded that CS and stocking rate were highly significant determinants of welfare risk in Angora goats.
Physician Assistant Students' Attitudes About Obesity and Obese Individuals

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine physician assistant (PA) students' attitudes about obesity and obese individuals. Methods: Students in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies at New York Institute of Technology completed the Fat Phobia Scale to assess their attitudes regarding obesity and obese individuals. Students also provided their height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), and their sex and age. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Student's t‐test with p < . 05. Results: The mean score for the Fat Phobia Scale was 3.7 ± 0.63, which represents an average level of fat phobia. A high level (score ≥ 4.4) was noted in 13.6% of participants (n = 15) and 5.4% (n = 6) demonstrated positive or neutral attitudes towards obese people (score ≤ 2.5). The mean BMI for those who scored ≥ 4.4 was 23.3 kg/m2 ± 2.9 and 22.9 kg/m2 ± 4.0 for those who scored ≤ 2.5 (p > .05). The five negative adjectives receiving the highest mean response were that obese people are slow, like food, overeat, are insecure, and have low self‐esteem. The five negative adjectives with the greatest number of responses indicating participants agreed or strongly agreed with that adjective are that obese people like food, overeat, are slow and inactive, and have no endurance. Conclusion: This study documents a bias within our student population that is similar to that seen in nurses, physicians, and dietitians and likely exists in other PA programs as well. As educators, we need to attempt to modify our students' negative attitudes before they become practicing clinicians.
Nod-Like Receptor X-1 Is Required for Rhinovirus-Induced Barrier Dysfunction in Airway Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Barrier dysfunction of airway epithelium may increase the risk for acquiring secondary infections or allergen sensitization. Both rhinovirus (RV) and polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid [poly(I·C)], a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimetic, cause airway epithelial barrier dysfunction, which is reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent, implying that dsRNA generated during RV replication is sufficient for disrupting barrier function. We also demonstrated that RV or poly(I·C)-stimulated NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX-1) partially accounts for RV-induced ROS generation. In this study, we identified a dsRNA receptor(s) contributing to RV-induced maximal ROS generation and thus barrier disruption. We demonstrate that genetic silencing of the newly discovered dsRNA receptor Nod-like receptor X-1 (NLRX-1), but not other previously described dsRNA receptors, abrogated RV-induced ROS generation and reduction of transepithelial resistance (RT ) in polarized airway epithelial cells. In addition, both RV and poly(I·C) stimulated mitochondrial ROS, the generation of which was dependent on NLRX-1. Treatment with Mito-Tempo, an antioxidant targeted to mitochondria, abolished RV-induced mitochondrial ROS generation, reduction in RT , and bacterial transmigration. Furthermore, RV infection increased NLRX-1 localization to the mitochondria. Additionally, NLRX-1 interacts with RV RNA and poly(I·C) in polarized airway epithelial cells. Finally, we show that NLRX-1 is also required for RV-stimulated NOX-1 expression. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which RV stimulates generation of ROS, which is required for disruption of airway epithelial barrier function. IMPORTANCE Rhinovirus (RV), a virus responsible for a majority of common colds, disrupts the barrier function of the airway epithelium by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Poly(I·C), a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimetic, also causes ROS-dependent barrier disruption, implying that the dsRNA intermediate generated during RV replication is sufficient for this process. Here, we demonstrate that both RV RNA and poly(I·C) interact with NLRX-1 (a newly discovered dsRNA receptor) and stimulate mitochondrial ROS. We show for the first time that NLRX-1 is primarily expressed in the cytoplasm and at the apical surface rather than in the mitochondria and that NLRX-1 translocates to mitochondria following RV infection. Together, our results suggest a novel mechanism for RV-induced barrier disruption involving NLRX-1 and mitochondrial ROS. Although ROS is necessary for optimal viral clearance, if not neutralized efficiently, it may increase susceptibility to secondary infections and alter innate immune responses to subsequently inhaled pathogens, allergens, and other environmental factors.
Convective dynamos in spherical wedge geometry

Astronomy Unit, School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E14NS, United KingdomReceived 2009 Sep 9, accepted 2009 Nov 16Published online 2009 Dec 30Key words Sun: magnetic ﬁelds – magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)Self-consistent convective dynamo simulations in wedge-shaped spherical shells are presented. Differential rotation isgenerated by the interaction of convection with rotation. Equatorward acceleration and dynamo action are obtained onlyfor sufﬁciently rapid rotation. The angular velocity tends to be constant along cylinders. Oscillatory large-scale ﬁelds arefound to migrate in the poleward direction. Comparison with earlier simulations in full spherical shells and Cartesiandomains is made.
Anti-adaptors use distinct modes of binding to inhibit the RssB-dependent turnover of RpoS (σS) by ClpXP

In Escherichia coli, σS is the master regulator of the general stress response. The level of σS changes in response to multiple stress conditions and it is regulated at many levels including protein turnover. In the absence of stress, σS is rapidly degraded by the AAA+ protease, ClpXP in a regulated manner that depends on the adaptor protein RssB. This two-component response regulator mediates the recognition of σS and its delivery to ClpXP. The turnover of σS however, can be inhibited in a stress specific manner, by one of three anti-adaptor proteins. Each anti-adaptor binds to RssB and inhibits its activity, but how this is achieved is not fully understood at a molecular level. Here, we describe details of the interaction between each anti-adaptor and RssB that leads to the stabilization of σS. By defining the domains of RssB using partial proteolysis we demonstrate that each anti-adaptor uses a distinct mode of binding to inhibit RssB activity. IraD docks specifically to the N-terminal domain of RssB, IraP interacts primarily with the C-terminal domain, while IraM interacts with both domains. Despite these differences in binding, we propose that docking of each anti-adaptor induces a conformational change in RssB, which resembles the inactive dimer of RssB. This dimer-like state of RssB not only prevents substrate binding but also triggers substrate release from a pre-bound complex.
Interactions of Streptococcus mutansFimbria-Associated Surface Proteins with Salivary Components

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the major causative agent of human dental caries. S. mutans binds to saliva-coated tooth surfaces, and previous studies suggested that fimbriae may play a role in the initial bacterial adherence to salivary components. The objectives of this study were to establish the ability of an S. mutans fimbria preparation to bind to saliva-coated surfaces and determine the specific salivary components that facilitate binding with fimbriae. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) established that the S. mutans fimbria preparation bound to components of whole saliva. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot techniques were used to separate components of whole saliva and determine fimbria binding. SDS-PAGE separated 15 major protein bands from saliva samples, and Western blot analysis indicated significant binding of the S. mutans fimbria preparation to a 52-kDa salivary protein. The major fimbria-binding salivary protein was isolated by preparative electrophoresis. The ability of the S. mutans fimbria preparation to bind to the purified salivary protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Incubation of the purified salivary protein with the S. mutans fimbria preparation significantly neutralized binding of the salivary protein-fimbria complex to saliva-coated surfaces. The salivary protein, whole saliva, and commercial amylase reacted similarly with antiamylase antibody in immunoblots. A purified 65-kDa fimbrial protein was demonstrated to bind to both saliva and amylase. These data indicated that the S. mutans fimbria preparation and a purified fimbrial protein bound to whole-saliva-coated surfaces and that amylase is the major salivary component involved in the binding.
A STUDY ON SELF CONCEPT

India has a large number of blind populations. The National Sample Survey carried out in 2011 estimated that, there are about 4 million blind populations in the country. It is necessary to explore their self concept and emotional intelligence. Research in this area is scanty and inconclusive and therefore, the children having sensory deprivation have been chosen as the subject of study. It is necessary to find out what they feel about themselves and environments, how do they manage their own emotions and those of others. The objective of the present study is to find out the nature of self concept and emotional intelligence of boys and girls with visual impairment. The sample of the present study was drawn from five schools and the samples were students of VII – X, both boys and girls. Children’s Self-Concept Scale (CSCS) by Aluwalia (1986) and Emotional Intelligence Scale were administered to the students. In the present study, category wise analyses of data were done by calculating the Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA for all the scales and factors of self- concept and emotional intelligence. It is observed that, in the case of self-concept and emotional intelligence, there is noticeable difference due to the status of visual impairment, both boys and girls. Therefore the disadvantaged section of the society should learn to behave responsively towards environment and gradually improve the quality of life.
Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

In vivo studies suggest that replication forks are arrested due to encounters with head-on transcription complexes. Yet, the fate of the replisome and RNA polymerase (RNAP) following a head-on collision is unknown. Here, we find that the E. coli replisome stalls upon collision with a head-on transcription complex, but instead of collapsing, the replication fork remains highly stable and eventually resumes elongation after displacing the RNAP from DNA. We also find that the transcription-repair coupling factor, Mfd, promotes direct restart of the fork following the collision by facilitating displacement of the RNAP. These findings demonstrate the intrinsic stability of the replication apparatus and a novel role for the transcription-coupled repair pathway in promoting replication past a RNAP block.
The Duration of Breastfeeding and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Purpose: To examine whether duration of the breast-feeding is associated with the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Material and methods: A total of 100 children aged 4-11 years were divided into two groups: 60 children with ADHD symptoms (based on ICD-10) and 40 subjects of normal control grup. The structured interview and the retrospective questionnaire (including the items: number of pregnancy, pregnancy course, gestational age, status of newborn, birth weight, duration of breastfeeding: <3 months; 3-6 months; 6-12 months; >12 months) were used during the study of the both examined groups to indicate the risk factors of development. Results: No significant differences in the percentages of duration of pregnancy, pregnancy complications, delivery complications, condition of the newborn, and birth weight were found between the two groups. The mean of the dura
Developing a God/Higher Power Scale for use with Twelve Step Treatment Programs

Abstract An Attribution to God's Influence Scale [AGIS] was constructed to observe change in people's perception of God's influence on their lives. In a clinical sample comprising 55 volunteers, from five New Zealand alcohol and drug treatment programs, it was correlated against measures of personality, religious practices and beliefs, and the acceptance and use of the Twelve Steps. Forty-seven (85.5%) believed in God or a Higher Power, five (9%) were unsure, and three (5.5%) did not believe. Except for the three who did not believe in God, the rest of the sample completed an AGIS. There was evidence of concurrent validity and internal reliability. A correlation was also found between AGIS scores and time in current treatment which may indicate a treatment or a selection effect. Various levels of selection bias are proposed, and suggestions are made for further refinement of the AGIS and its use in future research.