Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from the Analysis of System Failures at Petascale: The Case of Blue Waters

This paper provides an analysis of failures and their impact for Blue Waters, the Cray hybrid (CPU/GPU) supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The analysis is based on both manual failure reports and automatically generated event logs collected over 261 days. Results include i) a characterization of the root causes of single-node failures, ii) a direct assessment of the effectiveness of system-level fail over as well as memory, processor, network, GPU accelerator, and file system error resiliency, and iii) an analysis of system-wide outages. The major findings of this study are as follows. Hardware is not the main cause of system downtime. This is notwithstanding the fact that hardware-related failures are 42% of all failures. Failures caused by hardware were responsible for only 23% of the total repair time. These results are partially due to the fact that processor and memory protection mechanisms (x8 and x4 Chip kill, ECC, and parity) are able to handle a sustained rate of errors as high as 250 errors/h while providing a coverage of 99.997% out of a set of more than 1.5 million of analyzed errors. Only 28 multiple-bit errors bypassed the employed protection mechanisms. Software, on the other hand, was the largest contributor to the node repair hours (53%), despite being the cause of only 20% of the total number of failures. A total of 29 out of 39 system-wide outages involved the Lustre file system with 42% of them caused by the inadequacy of the automated fail over procedures.
Study of Regulatory T-Cells in Patients with Gastric Malt Lymphoma: Influence on Treatment Response and Outcome

Purpose FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play an essential role in modulating host responses to tumors and infections. The role of these cells in the pathogenesis of MALT lymphomas remains unknown. The aims of the study were to quantify the number of infiltrating FOXP3+ and CD3+ cells in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma at diagnosis and to study kinetics of these cells and CD20+ tumor cells after treatment and during long-term follow-up. Methods FOXP3+, CD3+ and CD20+ cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the number of cells was quantified using a micrometric ocular. Samples of 35 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma at diagnosis and after treatment were included. Diagnostic samples were compared to 19 cases of chronic gastritis and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the stomach. Results The median number of FOXP3+ infiltrating cells was higher (27 cells/cm2) in gastric MALT patients than in DLBCL (10 cells; p = 0.162) but similar to chronic gastritis (20 cells; p = 0.605). No characteristic or specific distribution pattern of infiltrating FOXP3+ cells was found. Gastric MALT lymphoma patients responding to bacterial eradication therapy had higher number of FOXP3+ cells at study entry. Kinetics of both infiltrating FOXP3+ cells and tumor CD20+ cells were strongly dependent on the treatment administered. Discussion Gastric MALT lymphomas have a number of Treg cells more similar to chronic gastritis than to DLBCL. Patients with higher number of tumor infiltrating FOXP3+ cells at study entry seem to have better response to antibiotics. Kinetics of Treg and tumor cells are influenced by type of treatment.
Handwriting in Lebanese bigraphic children: Standardization of the BHK Scale

ABSTRACT Educational systems in Lebanon are bilingual. They simultaneously impose two handwriting systems in Arabic and Latin. This historically driven situation could constitute a significant impact on the process and development of handwriting skills. Using an accurate and valid handwriting evaluation tool standardized for the Lebanese population is a necessity. This study presents normative and discriminant data for the Concise Evaluation Scale for Children’s Handwriting (BHK) in Lebanese children, followed by a comparison to the BHK norms developed in France with unilingual children. The BHK was standardized with a sample of 763 Lebanese children from grades 1 to 5. Four trained raters were involved in the data collection. Data analysis addressed the development of norms, reliability, and pilot administration of discriminant validity. The BHK differentiates between Lebanese children with and without handwriting difficulties. In those without handwriting difficulties, the number of letters written in 5 minutes and writing proficiency increases throughout the first five school years and are gender related, favoring the girls. Lebanese children display better handwriting proficiency than French children, except for the handwriting quality that develops better among French children as of Grade 2. The BHK is a promising tool for the detection of dysgraphia and poor handwriting in Lebanese children.
Cooperative participants discriminate (not always): A logic of conversation approach to the minimal group paradigm

The basic finding in minimal group studies is that merely categorizing people into groups leads them to discriminate against the outgroup and favor their own group on a subsequent resource allocation task. Based on Grice's (1975) logic of conversation, it is argued that participants use this group membership information for discrimination because they obey the cooperative principle and assume that the presented group membership information must be relevant for the allocation task. In a variation of the standard design, the group membership information was made explicitly relevant for a second task (without denying its relevance for the allocation task). Consistent with the logic of conversation approach, discrimination was strongly reduced in this condition, compared to the standard design. [38] --------------[39]
Primary User Aware k-Hop Routing for Cognitive Radio Networks

We propose a primary user-aware k-hop routing scheme that can be plugged into any cognitive radio network routing protocol to adapt, in real time, to the environmental changes. The main use of this scheme is to make the compromise required between the route overhead and its optimality based on a user-defined utility function. We analytically derive the optimal discovery radius (k) that achieves this target. Evaluations on NS2 show that our scheme can enhance the current routing protocols in terms of throughput with minimal overhead.
Objective Bayes testing of Poisson versus inflated Poisson models

The Poisson distribution is often used as a standard model for count data. Quite often, however, such data sets are not well fit by a Poisson model because they have more zeros than are compatible with this model. For these situations, a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution is often proposed. This article addresses testing a Poisson versus a ZIP model, using Bayesian methodology based on suitable objective priors. Specific choices of objective priors are justified and their properties investigated. The methodology is extended to include covariates in regression models. Several applications are given.
Using Decision Theory to Formalize Emotions for Multi-Agent System Applications: Preliminary Report

10 resulting from input the agents receive from the environment. The various emotional states are identiied as various possible modiications of the decision-making situations the agents nd themselves in. We argue that our approach is one way to formally bridge a gap between the multitude of works in cognitive science on one hand, and between formal approaches to rational agent design in AI. More importantly, we argue that this direction is one that should be of interest for practitioners designing and building rational agents that are to operate under time pressure and in complex multi-agent environments. First, emotions can serve as control mechanisms that allow agents to manage their computational resources while deliberating about action under time pressure. Second, well deened notions of emotions serve as vocabulary that the agents can use to describe their internal states to each other without referring to implemen-tational details. Finally, these notions are critical when the agents are to eeectively interact with humans. The approach we outlined serves as a point of departure for much of the needed future work. Clearly, the deenitions of emotional transformations can be elaborated upon, and more intuitive special cases can be arrived at. These cases should ultimately nd their way into the taxonomy depicted in Figure 1, and be well deened in terms of the attributes, as described in 22]. Further, the dynamic models of emotional states, like the one in Figure 2, can become far more elaborate, thus allowing the agents to predict the emotional states of others in much more detail. Finally, our future work will involve implementation and experimental validation of the approach proposed here. He hope to be able to show that the notions of emotions are useful and convey an advantage to rational agents allowing them to interact and communicate more eeectively. 9 cial case of this emotional transformation obtains when A 0 is a singleton set, containing only one behavior. This is an implementation of a emotional condition-action rule; all three emotional states that correspond to the Tit-for-two-Tats strategy in repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game in Figure 2 are of this kind since they result in the agent's being capable of performing only a single behavior. Another intuitive special case of such transformation is one that results in the agent's deliberating in a more short-term fashion, such as it being rushed or panicked under time pressure. Formally we have: 8a 0 i 2 …
High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein and Outcomes in Critically Ill Surgical Patients Requiring Open Abdominal Management

Background. Previous studies assessing various cytokines in the critically ill/injured have been uninformative in terms of translating to clinical care management. Animal abdominal sepsis work suggests that enhanced intraperitoneal (IP) clearance of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) improves outcome. Thus measuring the responses of DAMPs offers alternate potential insights and a representative DAMP, High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB-1), was considered. While IP biomediators are being recognized in critical illness/trauma, HMGB-1 behaviour has not been examined in open abdomen (OA) management. Methods. A modified protocol for HMGB-1 detection was used to examine plasma/IP fluid samples from 44 critically ill/injured OA patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing two negative pressure peritoneal therapies (NPPT): Active NPPT (ANPPT) and Barker's Vacuum Pack NPPT (BVP). Samples were collected and analyzed at the time of laparotomy and at 24 and 48 hours after. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in survivor versus nonsurvivor HMGB-1 plasma or IP concentrations at baseline, 24 hours, or 48 hours. However, plasma HMGB-1 levels tended to increase continuously in the BVP cohort. Conclusions. HMGB-1 appeared to behave differently between NPPT cohorts. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship of HMGB-1 and outcomes in septic/injured patients.
Understanding Individual Adoption of Instant Messaging: An Empirical Investigation

The wide diffusion of Instant Messaging (IM) in a voluntary social context calls for studies to examine the value of computer-mediated communication technologies in developing interpersonal relationships. By integrating three interpersonal factors into a model of motivation from the technology acceptance literature, we develop and test a research model to explain an individual’s continuous use of IM in keeping and sustaining interpersonal relationships. We find that the behavioral intention to continue using IM was predicated by perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and perceived critical mass. Attachment motivation, relationship commitment, and perceived critical mass were all positively associated with perceived enjoyment. Perceived enjoyment and perceived critical mass had significant effects on perceived usefulness. The results imply that IM is a useful and fun tool for fulfilling one’s need for attachment and commitment and for gathering online with one’s friends, family members, and others. In addition, perceived enjoyment is the dominant factor explaining grassroots adoption of communication technologies. Finally, it is important to integrate utility factors (usefulness and enjoyment) with social factors in studying communication technologies.
QUANTUM MARKOV SEMIGROUPS: PRODUCT SYSTEMS AND SUBORDINATION

We show that if a product system comes from a quantum Markov semigroup, then it carries a natural Borel structure with respect to which the semigroup may be realized in terms of a measurable representation. We show, too, that the dual product system of a Borel product system also carries a natural Borel structure. We apply our analysis to study the order interval consisting of all quantum Markov semigroups that are subordinate to a given one.
ZD-AOMDV: A New Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

A common characteristic of all popular multi-path routing algorithms in Mobile Ad-hoc networks, such as AOMDV, is that the end to end delay is reduced by utilization of parallel paths. The competition between the neighboring nodes for obtaining a common channel in those parallel paths is the reason for end to end delay increment. In fact, due to medium access mechanism in wireless networks, such as CSMA/CA, data transmissions even through two Node-Disjoint paths are not completely independent and each path will affect the other one. In this paper we have modified the AODV protocol which results in selection of zone-disjoint paths, to the extent feasible, and as a result we achieve less end to end delay. The efficiency of the proposed protocol has been evaluated on different scenarios and there has been a noticeable improvement in the packet delivery ratio and also in the reduction of end-to-end delay comparing to AOMDV.
Orientation selectivity and noise correlation in awake monkey area V1 are modulated by the gamma cycle

Gamma-band synchronization adjusts the timing of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a neuron. Neurons in the visual cortex are selective for stimulus orientation because of dynamic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory inputs. We hypothesized that these interactions and hence also orientation selectivity vary during the gamma cycle. We determined for each spike its phase relative to the gamma cycle. As a function of gamma phase, we then determined spike rates and their orientation selectivity. Orientation selectivity was modulated by gamma phase. The firing rate of spiking activity that occurred close to a neuron's mean gamma phase of firing was most orientation selective. This stimulus-selective signal could best be conveyed to postsynaptic neurons if it were not corrupted by noise correlations. Noise correlations between firing rates were modulated by gamma phase such that they were not statistically detectable for the spiking activity occurring close to a neuron's mean gamma phase of firing. Thus, gamma-band synchronization produces spiking activity that carries maximal stimulus selectivity and minimal noise correlation in its firing rate, and at the same time synchronizes this spiking activity for maximal impact on postsynaptic targets.
On belief change in ontology evolution

We study the feasibility of applying the dominating paradigm of belief revision, the AGM theory, to logics outside its original scope, with special emphasis given on logics used for ontological representation in the Semantic Web. Such an application would allow determining whether a proposed change operator (e.g., an ontology evolution algorithm) behaves rationally or not. We give a number of interesting theoretical results related to the (generalized) AGM theory and show that our work can find important applications in dynamic environments employing non-classical logical formalisms. We focus on a particular such environment, namely ontology evolution in the Semantic Web, and show how our work can be used to provide ontology evolution researchers with powerful formal tools from the research area of belief revision.
Interest points harvesting in video sequences for efficient person identification

We propose and evaluate a new approach for identification of persons, based on harvesting of interest point descriptors in video sequences. By accumulating interest points on several sufficiently time-spaced images during person silhouette or face tracking within each camera, the collected interest points capture appearance variability. Our method can in particular be applied to global person re-identification in a network of cameras. We present a first experimental evaluation conducted on a publicly available set of videos in a commercial mall, with very promising inter-camera pedestrian reidentification performances (a precision of 82% for a recall of 78%). Our matching method is very fast: ~ 1/8s for re-identification of one target person among 10 previously seen persons, and a logarithmic dependence with the number of stored person models, making re-identification among hundreds of persons computationally feasible in less than ~ 1/5s second. Finally, we also present a first feasibility test for on-the-fly face recognition, with encouraging results.
Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing 2009 Shape Analysis Using the Auto Diffusion Function

Scalar functions defined on manifold triangle meshes is a starting point for many geometry processing algorithms such as mesh parametrization, skeletonization, and segmentation. In this paper, we propose the Auto Diffusion Function (ADF) which is a linear combination of the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator in a way that has a simple physical interpretation. The ADF of a given 3D object has a number of further desirable properties: Its extrema are generally at the tips of features of a given object, its gradients and level sets follow or encircle features, respectively, it is controlled by a single parameter which can be interpreted as feature scale, and, finally, the ADF is invariant to rigid and isometric deformations. We describe the ADF and its properties in detail and compare it to other choices of scalar functions on manifolds. As an example of an application, we present a pose invariant, hierarchical skeletonization and segmentation algorithm which makes direct use of the ADF.
Preparing Teachers to Engage Rural Students in Computational Thinking Through Robotics, Game Design, and Culturally Responsive Teaching

This article examines teacher preparation and teacher change in engineering and computer science education. We examined culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy (CRTSE), culturally responsive teaching outcome expectancy (CRTOE) beliefs, and attitudes toward computational thinking (CT) as teachers participated in one of three treatment groups: robotics only, game design only, or blended robotics/game design. Descriptive data revealed that CRTSE gain scores were higher in the robotics only and blended contexts than in the game design only context. However, CRTOE beliefs were consistent across all treatment groups. In regard to CT attitudes, teachers’ gain scores were higher in the game design only and blended contexts than in the robotics only context. In addition, there were differences by treatment group related to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) practices, while cultural artifacts were evident in each learning environment. The results of this study reveal some variability by treatment type and inform future research on equitable practices in engineering and computer science education.
Rurality and Self-Reported Health in Women with a History of Intimate Partner Violence

Objective To investigate differences in self-reported health among Australian women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) in relation to rurality of residence. Methods Data were drawn from six survey waves of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health 1973–78 birth cohort. Self-reported general and mental health scores derived from the SF-36 scale were compared for women with a history of IPV living in metropolitan, regional and rural areas. Multivariable generalised estimating equations were constructed adjusting for income hardship, number of children, education, social support, age and marital status. Results Women with a history of IPV living in regional and rural areas had no significant differences in self-reported general health scores compared to their metropolitan counterparts. Rural women affected by IPV had slightly better self-reported mental health than equivalent women living in metropolitan or regional areas. The socio-demographic factors with the strongest association with self-reported health were income, education, social support, and number of children. Conclusions Women in regional and rural areas were no more disadvantaged, in terms of self-reported general health or mental health, than IPV affected women living in major cities in Australia.
Influence of Food on Recruitment Pattern in the Termite, Microcerotermes fuscotibialis

Abstract Recruitment pattern in the termite, Microcerotermes fuscotibialis Sjostedt (Isoptera: Termitidae) was found to be largely influenced by the presence or absence of food. This is reflected in the quantitative recruitment that occurred after food had been detected by the scouting foragers. Results showed that this information was communicated and responded to by other confederates in the nest within four to seven minutes after food addition or removal. The presence of an additional food source relative to an already existing one did not have any significant impact on the recruitment activities of this termite. Recruitment decision pattern in M. fuscotibialis involve to a large extent an “autocratic” decision strategy in the development and maintenance of recruitment process in this termite species.
Massed Trials Versus Trials Embedded Into Game Play: Child Outcomes and Preference

Limited data are available regarding how response prompting procedures should be used in early childhood settings. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of progressive time delay instruction presented via two trial arrangements: massed and embedded. During massed trial sessions, a short instructional session was conducted, followed by game play. During embedded trial sessions, trials were conducted during game play. Across 12 participants with and without disabilities, efficiency and preference data were mixed. Preference data suggested most participants preferred the instruction type that resulted in most efficient learning. Social validity data suggest inservice and preservice practitioners may be equally likely to use the procedures, but some respondents indicated they might be less willing to use embedded trial arrangements due to increased effort in materials preparation. Implications include the possibility that faster learners may learn better in embedded contexts and that children may prefer instructional contexts that are most efficient for them.
Information Retrieval Based on Word Senses

This paper proposes an algorithm for word sense disambiguation based on a vector representation of word similarity derived from lexical co-occurrence. It diiers from standard approaches by allowing for as ne grained distinctions as is warranted by the information at hand, rather than supposing a xed number of senses per word, and by allowing for more than one sense to be assigned to a given word occurrence. The algorithm is applied to the standard vector-space information retrieval model and an evaluation is performed over the Category B TREC-1 corpus (WSJ subcollection). Results show that this sense disambiguation algorithm improves performance by between 7% and 14% on average .