Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jena Research Papers in Business and Economics Scheduling of inventory releasing jobs to satisfy time-varying demand

This paper studies a new class of single-machine scheduling problems, that are faced by Just-in-Time-suppliers satisfying a given demand. In these models the processing of jobs leads to a release of a prede ned number of product units into inventory. Consumption is triggered by predetermined time-varying, and product-speci c demand requests. While all demands have to be ful lled, the objective is to minimize the resulting product inventory. We investigate di erent subproblems of this general setting with regard to their computational complexity. For more restricted problem versions (equal processing times and equal number of released products) strongly polynomial time algorithms are presented. In contrast to this, NP-hardness in the strong sense is proven for more general problem versions (varying processing times or varying number of released products). Moreover, for the most general version, even nding a feasible solution is shown to be strongly NP-hard.
Drop-out mayors and graduate farmers: Educational fertility differentials by occupational status and industry in six European countries

We contribute to understanding the relationship of education to fertility by disentangling educational fertility differentials within occupational groups and industries in a Central European comparative setting, using census samples from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) that are sufficiently large to contain sizable numbers of unusual combinations, e.g., university graduates in low-status jobs. As an additional methodological contribution, we re-introduce to the field a count model that can handle under-dispersion. Results show that education has a strong, direct, consistent association with fertility, net of industry and occupation, and that fertility differences across countries primarily reflect compositional and interaction effects.
Adaptive Dynamics in a 2-patch Environment: a Simple Model for Allopatric and Parapatric Speciation

Adaptation to an environment consisting of two patches (each with different optimal strategy) is investigated. The patches have independent density regulation ('soft selection'). If the patches are similar enough and migration between them is strong, then evolution ends up with a generalist ESS. If either the difference between the patches increases or migration weakens, then the generalist strategy represent a branching singularity: The initially monomorphic population first evolves towards the generalist strategy, there it undergoes branching, and finally two specialist strategies form an evolutionarily stable coalition. Further increasing the between-patch difference or decreasing migration causes the generalist to lose its convergence stability as well, and an initially monomorphic population evolves towards one of the specialists optimally adapted to one of the two patches. Bifurcation pattern of the singularities is presented as a function of patch difference and migration rate. Connection to speciation theory is discussed. The transition from the generalist ESS to the coexisting pair of specialist strategies is regarded as a clonal prototype of parapatric (if the between-patch difference increases) or allopatric (if the migration decreases) speciation. We conclude that the geographic and the competitive speciation modes are not distinct classes.
Na+ and Cl− Uptake Kinetics, Diffusive Effluxes and Acidic Equivalent Fluxes Across the Gills of Rainbow Trout: II. Responses to Bicarbonate Infusion

Adult rainbow trout fitted with arterial and bladder catheters were chronically infused with either bicarbonate (as NaHCO 3 ) or NaCl for 19 h at approximately 410 μequiv kg −1 h −1 . NaHCO 3 infusion produced a pure exogenous metabolic alkalosis of approximately 0.35 pH units accompanied by a decrease in plasma [Cl − ] but no change in plasma [Na + ]. Alkalosis stimulated Cl − influx and inhibited Na + influx (measured at 10–16 h infusion), resulting in a negative Na + balance, a positive Cl − balance and a large net basic equivalent excretion (=acidic equivalent uptake) across the gills. The latter was approximately equal to the rate of HCO 3 − loading. The kidney accounted for approximately 13% of the acid-base compensation. Kinetic analysis revealed that reductions in J in Na were accomplished by increases in K m Na (463 μequiv l −1 ; NaHCO 3 -infused vs 276 μequiv l −1 ; NaCl-infused) and large decreases in J max Na (262 μequiv kg −1 h −1 vs 689 μequiv kg −1 h −1 ) while stimulation of J max Cl was accomplished by large increases in J max Cl only (674 μequiv kg −1 h −1 vs 360 μequiv kg −1 h −1 ). Thus, J max can be increased or decreased in response to acid-base disturbance, but K m can only be increased; the Na + and Cl − carriers operate close to maximum affinity under control conditions. Basic equivalent excretion was described by a virtually identical kinetic curve to that of the Cl − uptake. NaHCO 3 infusion also induced a differential diffusive efflux of Na + over Cl − which could account for up to 35% of the acid-base compensation during alkalosis.
Differential signaling during macropinocytosis in response to M-CSF and PMA in macrophages

The cellular movements that construct a macropinosome have a corresponding sequence of chemical transitions in the cup-shaped region of plasma membrane that becomes the macropinosome. To determine the relative positions of type I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C (PLC) in this pathway, we analyzed macropinocytosis in macrophages stimulated by the growth factor macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and by the diacylglycerol (DAG) analog phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In cells stimulated with M-CSF, microscopic imaging of fluorescent probes for intracellular lipids indicated that the PI3K product phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) appeared in cups just prior to DAG. We then tested the hypothesis that PMA and DAG function after PI3K and prior to Ras and protein kinase C (PKC) during macropinosome formation in macrophages. Although the PI3K target Akt was activated by M-CSF, the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 did not inhibit macropinocytosis. The phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 blocked macropinocytosis by M-CSF but not PMA. Macropinocytosis in response to M-CSF and PMA was inhibited by the Ras inhibitor farnesyl thiosalicylate (FTS), by the PKC inhibitor Calphostin C and by the broad specificity inhibitor rottlerin. These studies support a model in which M-CSF stimulates PI3K in macropinocytic cups, and the resulting increase in PIP3 activates PLC, which in turn generates DAG necessary for activation of PKC, Ras and the late stages of macropinosome closure.
The Distance Between Mars and Venus: Measuring Global Sex Differences in Personality

Background Sex differences in personality are believed to be comparatively small. However, research in this area has suffered from significant methodological limitations. We advance a set of guidelines for overcoming those limitations: (a) measure personality with a higher resolution than that afforded by the Big Five; (b) estimate sex differences on latent factors; and (c) assess global sex differences with multivariate effect sizes. We then apply these guidelines to a large, representative adult sample, and obtain what is presently the best estimate of global sex differences in personality. Methodology/Principal Findings Personality measures were obtained from a large US sample (N = 10,261) with the 16PF Questionnaire. Multigroup latent variable modeling was used to estimate sex differences on individual personality dimensions, which were then aggregated to yield a multivariate effect size (Mahalanobis D). We found a global effect size D = 2.71, corresponding to an overlap of only 10% between the male and female distributions. Even excluding the factor showing the largest univariate ES, the global effect size was D = 1.71 (24% overlap). These are extremely large differences by psychological standards. Significance The idea that there are only minor differences between the personality profiles of males and females should be rejected as based on inadequate methodology.
Effects of Supplements with Different Protein Contents on Nutritional Performance of Grazing Cattle During the Rainy Season

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplements with different crude protein (CP) contents on grazing cattle intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation pattern, and nitrogen (N) metabolism characteristics during the rainy season. Five ruminal and abomasal cannulated Holstein×Zebu steers (296 kg body weight, BW) were used in a 5×5 Latin square design. The animals grazed five signal grass paddocks (0.34 ha). The five treatments evaluated were: Control (no supplement) and 1.0 g of supplement/kg BW with 0, 330, 660, and 1,000 g of CP/kg as-fed. The supplement was composed of starch, soybean meal, urea, and ammonium sulphate. There was a positive linear effect (p≤0.033) of the CP content in the supplements on the organic matter (OM), CP, and digested OM intakes. The provision of supplements did not increase (p≥0.158), on average, total and ruminal digestibilities of OM and CP. However, the increase in CP content in the supplements caused a positive linear effect (p≤0.018) on ruminal digestibilities of OM and CP. Additionally, a quadratic effect of the CP contents of the supplements were observed (p = 0.041) for the ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, with the highest estimate obtained with the CP content of 670 g/kg. The supply of supplements increased (p<0.001) the ruminal ammonia N concentration, which also changed linearly and positively (p<0.001) according to increase in CP content in the supplements. The apparent N balance and relative N balance (g/g N intake) were not, on average, changed (p≥0.164) by the supplements supply. However, both showed a tendency of a linear increase (p≤0.099) with increasing supplement CP content. The supplements increased (p = 0.007) microbial N production in the rumen, which also changed linearly and positively (p = 0.016) with increasing supplement CP content. In conclusion, protein supplementation in grazing cattle during the rainy season, while stimulating voluntary forage intake, results in higher efficiency of N utilization when compared to energy supplementation. This is a possible response to increased microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and improved N status in the animal body.
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of a Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase from Jatropha curcas

We report cDNA cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of a novel Cu/ Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Jatropha curcas leaves. The full-length cDNA of this SOD contained a 496-bp open-reading frame (ORF) encoding 162 amino acid residues. The recombinant plasmid containing the SOD coding sequence was introduced into Escherichia coli, and the SOD was expressed as a fusion protein. The recombinant SOD was purified from a high-density fed-batch culture using a combination of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and Sephadex G25 desalting chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis indicated that the recombinant SOD was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of approximately 16.4 kDa. Isoelectric focusing showed that this SOD was a basic protein with pI values of 7.04, 7.33, 8.62, and 8.77. The activity of the SOD was stable at 70 °C for 10 min, and in a broad pH range from 4 to 9. The presence of urea (up to 8 M), guanidinium chloride (up to 6 M), and 2-mercaptoethanol (up to 8 mM) had little effect on the activity. The activity decreased gradually with increasing concentrations of imidazole, hydrogen peroxide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Atomic absorption spectrometry showed the presence of 0.239 copper and 0.258 zinc atoms, respectively, in the SOD polypeptide
Thermal Balance in the Intracluster Medium: Is AGN Feedback Necessary?

A variety of physical heating mechanisms are combined with radiative cooling to explore, via one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, the expected thermal properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) in the context of the cooling flow problem. Energy injection from Type Ia supernovae, thermal conduction, and dynamical friction (DF) from orbiting satellite galaxies are considered as potential heating mechanisms of the central regions of the ICM, both separately and in conjunction. The novel feature of this work is the exploration of a wide range of efficiencies of each heating process. While DF and conduction can provide a substantial amount of energy, neither mechanism operating alone can produce or maintain an ICM in thermal balance over cosmological timescales, in stark contrast with observations. For simulated clusters with initially isothermal temperature profiles, both mechanisms acting in combination result in long-term thermal balance for a range of ICM temperatures and for central electron densities less than ne ∼ 0.02 cm−3; at greater densities catastrophic cooling invariably occurs. Furthermore, these heating mechanisms can neither produce nor maintain clusters with a declining temperature profile in the central regions, implying that the observed “cooling-core” clusters, which have such declining temperature profiles, cannot be maintained with these mechanisms alone. Supernovae heating also fails to maintain clusters in thermal balance for cosmological timescales, since such heating is largely unresponsive to the properties of the ICM. Thus, while there appears to be an abundant supply of energy capable of heating the ICM in clusters, it is extremely difficult for the energy deposition to occur in such a way that the ICM remains in thermal balance over cosmological timescales. For intracluster media that are not in thermal balance, the addition of a small amount of relativistic pressure (provided by, e.g., cosmic rays) forestalls neither catastrophic heating nor cooling.
Telomere Dynamics in Human Cells Reprogrammed to Pluripotency

Background Human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) have enormous potential in the development of cellular models of human disease and represent a potential source of autologous cells and tissues for therapeutic use. A question remains as to the biological age of IPSCs, in particular when isolated from older subjects. Studies of cloned animals indicate that somatic cells reprogrammed to pluripotency variably display telomere elongation, a common indicator of cell “rejuvenation. ” Methodology/Principal Findings We examined telomere lengths in human skin fibroblasts isolated from younger and older subjects, fibroblasts converted to IPSCs, and IPSCs redifferentiated through teratoma formation and explant culture. In IPSCs analyzed at passage five (P5), telomeres were significantly elongated in 6/7 lines by >40% and approximated telomere lengths in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In cell lines derived from three IPSC-teratoma explants cultured to P5, two displayed telomeres shortened to lengths similar to input fibroblasts while the third line retained elongated telomeres. Conclusions/Significance While these results reveal some heterogeneity in the reprogramming process with respect to telomere length, human somatic cells reprogrammed to pluripotency generally displayed elongated telomeres that suggest that they will not age prematurely when isolated from subjects of essentially any age.
Prevalence of Ochratoxin A in Human Milk in the Khorrambid Town, Fars Province, South of Iran

Background: Ochratoxins belong to a group of mycotoxins produced as the secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These toxins may be teratogenic, mutagenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and may have immunosuppressive effects and pose a serious health problems to exposed humans and animals. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the level of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the samples of mothers' milk in the Khorrambid Town, Fars Province, south of Iran. Materials and Methods: Between June and July 2011, samples of human milk were obtained from 87 mothers. The samples were diluted by absolute methanol at 1:4 ratio and after centrifugation, the supernatant was directly used to determine the level of OTA using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Among 87 human milk samples, 84 (96.6%) samples had positive results for OTA at a mean level of 24.57 ± 13.6 ng/L. According to the European Union Standard, 14 (16%) positive samples revealed more than the maximum limit of 40 ng/L for ochratoxin (range, 1.6-60 ng/L). Conclusions: Presence of OTA in the milk of mothers denotes a probable consumption of a contaminated foods. Therefore, regular monitoring of foods for presence of mycotoxins for lactating mothers seems necessary.
Graph-Different Permutations

For a finite graph $G$ whose vertices are different natural numbers we call two infinite permutations of the natural numbers $G$-different if they have two adjacent vertices of $G$ somewhere in the same position. The maximum number of pairwise $G$-different permutations of the naturals is always finite. We study this maximum as a graph invariant and relate it to a problem of the first two authors on colliding permutations. An improvement on the lower bound for the maximum number of pairwise colliding permutations is obtained.
Ventral tegmental area disruption selectively affects CA1/CA2 but not CA3 place fields during a differential reward working memory task

Hippocampus (HPC) receives dopaminergic (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra. These inputs appear to provide a modulatory signal that influences HPC dependent behaviors and place fields. We examined how efferent projections from VTA to HPC influence spatial working memory and place fields when the reward context changes. CA1 and CA3 process environmental context changes differently and VTA preferentially innervates CA1. Given these anatomical data and electrophysiological evidence that implicate DA in reward processing, we predicted that CA1 place fields would respond more strongly to both VTA disruption and changes in the reward context than CA3 place fields. Rats (N = 9) were implanted with infusion cannula targeting VTA and recording tetrodes aimed at HPC. Then they were tested on a differential reward, win‐shift working memory task. One recording session consisted of 5 baseline and 5 manipulation trials during which place cells in CA1/CA2 (N = 167) and CA3 (N = 94) were recorded. Prior to manipulation trials rats were infused with either baclofen or saline and then subjected to control or reward conditions during which the learned locations of large and small reward quantities were reversed. VTA disruption resulted in an increase in errors, and in CA1/CA2 place field reorganization. There were no changes in any measures of CA3 place field stability during VTA disruption. Reward manipulations did not affect performance or place field stability in CA1/CA2 or CA3; however, changes in the reward locations “rescued” performance and place field stability in CA1/CA2 when VTA activity was compromised, perhaps by trigging compensatory mechanisms. These data support the hypothesis that VTA contributes to spatial working memory performance perhaps by maintaining place field stability selectively in CA1/CA2. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antisociality in Men Who Perpetrate Domestic Violence: Heterogeneity, Psychophysiological and Neurocognitive Factors

Despite the overlap between generally antisocial and criminal populations and those involved in domestic violence, the fields of domestic violence and criminology have historically been separated from each other. While the field of domestic violence has made considerable advances in the understanding of heterogeneity, internalizing psychopathology and the general antisociality of men who perpetrate such violence, less is known about the neurobiological and neurocognitive factors that underlie the development of antisocial behaviour in this population. This dissertation combines domestic violence and criminological approaches to understanding of antisociality in men who perpetrate domestic violence. The dissertation is comprised of two papers. The first examined variables related to history of maltreatment and antisocial behaviours, internalizing psychopathology and neurocognitive and psychophysiological variables in three groups of male participants: men with a history of domestic violence perpetration and criminal behaviours (n=56), men who only perpetrated domestic violence (n=56) and a comparison group with no history of violence perpetration (n=82). The two domestic violence groups were distinguishable on most measures, with the domestically violent and criminal men scoring highest on measures of childhood antisociality, internalizing psychopathology and maltreatment history. Furthermore, the domestically violent and criminal group was unique with respect to some psychophysiological and cognitive variables. The domestic violence only group resembled
Improving Aquatic Warbler Population Assessments by Accounting for Imperfect Detection

Monitoring programs designed to assess changes in population size over time need to account for imperfect detection and provide estimates of precision around annual abundance estimates. Especially for species dependent on conservation management, robust monitoring is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of management. Many bird species of temperate grasslands depend on specific conservation management to maintain suitable breeding habitat. One such species is the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola), which breeds in open fen mires in Central Europe. Aquatic Warbler populations have so far been assessed using a complete survey that aims to enumerate all singing males over a large area. Because this approach provides no estimate of precision and does not account for observation error, detecting moderate population changes is challenging. From 2011 to 2013 we trialled a new line transect sampling monitoring design in the Biebrza valley, Poland, to estimate abundance of singing male Aquatic Warblers. We surveyed Aquatic Warblers repeatedly along 50 randomly placed 1-km transects, and used binomial mixture models to estimate abundances per transect. The repeated line transect sampling required 150 observer days, and thus less effort than the traditional ‘full count’ approach (175 observer days). Aquatic Warbler abundance was highest at intermediate water levels, and detection probability varied between years and was influenced by vegetation height. A power analysis indicated that our line transect sampling design had a power of 68% to detect a 20% population change over 10 years, whereas raw count data had a 9% power to detect the same trend. Thus, by accounting for imperfect detection we increased the power to detect population changes. We recommend to adopt the repeated line transect sampling approach for monitoring Aquatic Warblers in Poland and in other important breeding areas to monitor changes in population size and the effects of habitat management.