Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
iPiano: Inertial Proximal Algorithm for Nonconvex Optimization

In this paper we study an algorithm for solving a minimization problem composed of a differentiable (possibly nonconvex) and a convex (possibly nondifferentiable) function. The algorithm iPiano combines forward-backward splitting with an inertial force. It can be seen as a nonsmooth split version of the Heavy-ball method from Polyak. A rigorous analysis of the algorithm for the proposed class of problems yields global convergence of the function values and the arguments. This makes the algorithm robust for usage on nonconvex problems. The convergence result is obtained based on the Kurdyka--Łojasiewicz inequality. This is a very weak restriction, which was used to prove convergence for several other gradient methods. First, an abstract convergence theorem for a generic algorithm is proved, and then iPiano is shown to satisfy the requirements of this theorem. Furthermore, a convergence rate is established for the general problem class. We demonstrate iPiano on computer vision problems---image denoising wit.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The causes of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are still unknown. Several lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Biochemical and morphological mitochondrial abnormalities have been demonstrated in postmortem spinal cords of ALS patients. Furthermore, in transgenic mice expressing mutant Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1), the antioxidant enzyme associated with familial ALS (FALS), mitochondrial abnormalities precede the disease onset, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is causally involved in the pathogenesis of SOD1‐FALS. Despite this evidence, it is not yet fully understood how mutant SOD1 damages mitochondria. Recent work has demonstrated that a portion of mutant SOD1 is localized in mitochondria, both in transgenic mice and in FALS patients, where it forms proteinaceous aggregates. These findings have opened new avenues of investigation addressing the hypothesis that mutant SOD1 may directly damage mitochondria. Major future challenges will be to better understand the mechanisms and the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. If mitochondrial dysfunction is convincingly involved in ALS pathogenesis, either as a primary cause or as contributing factor, it is likely to become a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Characteristics and management of domestic waste in the rural area of Southwest China

With its rapid development, the rural area of Southwest China has been puzzled by the waste management problem, especially for increasing solid waste and water pollution from the domestic waste. Therefore, in order to efficiently and effectively manage the domestic waste in the rural area of Southwest China, 22 villages were selected randomly to analyse the characteristics of domestic waste, the influence factors of characteristics and resident’s willingness of participation in domestic waste management by questionnaires, field samplings and laboratory tests. The results of the rural area of Southwest China indicated that the generation of domestic waste was 178 g d−1 per capita and it was mainly composed of kitchen waste, inert waste, plastics and paper with a total proportion of 81.98%. The waste bulk density, moisture, ash, combustible and lower calorific value were 107 kg m−3, 37.04%, 25.73%, 37.23% and 8008 kJ kg−1, respectively. These characteristics were influenced by the topography, the distance from towns or cities, the villagers’ ethnicities and income sources to some extent. Moreover, the distance of 50–800 m between each collection facility and the disposal fee of around ¥5.00 per household per month could be accepted. The working hours of participation in waste management is suggested as 5 hours per day with the income of ¥1000 per capita per month. Based on the outcome of this survey, a waste management system consisting of classified collection, centralised treatment and decentralised treatment was proposed. It is important to ensure financial viability and practical considerations of this system.
Exploration of Human ORFeome: High-Throughput Preparation of ORF Clones and Efficient Characterization of Their Protein Products

In this study, we established new systematic protocols for the preparation of cDNA clones, conventionally termed open reading frame (ORF) clones, suitable for characterization of their gene products by adopting a restriction-enzyme-assisted cloning method using the Flexi® cloning system. The system has following advantages: (1) preparation of ORF clones and their transfer into other vectors can be achieved efficiently and at lower cost; (2) the system provides a seamless connection to the versatile HaloTag® labeling system, in which a single fusion tag can be used for various proteomic analyses; and (3) the resultant ORF clones show higher expression levels both in vitro and in vivo. With this system, we prepared ORF clones encoding 1929 human genes and characterized the HaloTag-fusion proteins of its subset that are expressed in vitro or in mammalian cells. Results thus obtained have demonstrated that our Flexi® ORF clones are efficient for the production of HaloTag-fusion proteins that can provide a new versatile set for a variety of functional analyses of human genes.
The Protective Effect of Lipoic Acid on Selected Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Age-Related Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is considered to be the primary cause of many cardiovascular diseases, including endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Oxidative stress increases during the aging process, resulting in either increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or decreased antioxidant defense. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is directly related to age. Aging is also associated with oxidative stress, which in turn leads to accelerated cellular senescence and organ dysfunction. Antioxidants may help lower the incidence of some pathologies of cardiovascular diseases and have antiaging properties. Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural antioxidant which is believed to have a beneficial effect on oxidative stress parameters in relation to diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Complicating Culture for Development: Negotiating ‘Dysfunctional Heritage’ in Sierra Leone

At least since the publication of Our Creative Diversity , the report of the UN World Commission on Culture and Development, in 1996, discourses concerning ‘the power of culture for development’ have formed part of that circulating concatenation of ideas, terms and images that characterizes what we might regard as the ‘ideoscape’ of international development (cf. Appadurai 1990: 9-10). Alongside such buzzwords as participation , empowerment and poverty reduction (Cornwall and Brock 2005), there has been a programmatic diffusion of ideas that link the realms of culture and development. Thus, culture is said to be ‘a fundamental component of sustainable development’, ‘a powerful global economic engine’, ‘a vehicle for social cohesion and stability’, and ‘a repository of knowledge, meanings and values that permeate all aspects of our lives’ (UNESCO 2010: 2-6).
Better Speakers Make More Friends: Predictors of Social Network Development Among Study-Abroad Students

Social network development has been studied in the social sciences for the last several decades, but little work has applied social network theory to study-abroad research. This study seeks to quantitatively describe factors that predict social network formation among study-abroad students while in the host countries. Social networks were measured in terms of the number of friends the students made, the number of distinct social groups reported, and the number of friends within those groups. The Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire was compared against these pre-trip factors: intercultural competence, target-language proficiency, prior missionary experience, gender, study-abroad program, neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, openness to new experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Results showed that pre-trip oral proficiency in the target language was the strongest predictor of the number of friends made in-country. Certain programs showed stronger predictive statistics in terms of size of largest social group, number of social groups, and number of friends made. A distinction is made between total number of friends and number of friends who are more likely to be native speakers. Neither intercultural competence nor personality showed a significant correlation with the number of friendships made during study abroad.
The GTPase Rem2 regulates synapse development and dendritic morphology

Rem2 is a member of the Rad/Rem/Rem2/Gem/Kir subfamily of small Ras‐like GTPases that was identified as an important mediator of synapse development. We performed a comprehensive, loss‐ of‐function analysis of Rem2 function in cultured hippocampal neurons using RNAi to substantially decrease Rem2 protein levels. We found that knockdown of Rem2 decreases the density and maturity of dendritic spines, the primary site of excitatory synapses onto pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. Knockdown of Rem2 also alters the gross morphology of dendritic arborizations, increasing the number of dendritic branches without altering total neurite length. Thus, Rem2 functions to inhibit dendritic branching and promote the development of dendritic spines and excitatory synapses. Interestingly, binding to the calcium‐binding protein calmodulin is required for the Rem2 regulation of dendritic branching. However, this interaction is completely dispensable for synapse development. Overall, our results suggest that Rem2 regulates dendritic branching and synapse development via distinct and overlapping signal transduction pathways. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 374–389, 2011
Beyond Cartesian dualism : encountering affect in the teaching and learning of science

General Preface Acknowledgements Contributors Introduction: Science Education and Affect. Bridging the Cartesian divide: Science education and affect-Steve Alsop. The importance of affect in science education-Michael J. Reiss. Incalculable Precision: Psychoanalysis and the measure of emotion-Alice Pitt. - Section One: Students' Attitudes, Hopes and Dispositions. Attitudes toward science: A review of the field -Martina Nieswandt. The shifting roles of acceptance and dispositions in understanding biological evolution-Sherry Southerland and Gale Sinatra. Empowered for action? How do young people relate to environmental challenges? -Camilla Schreiner and Svein Sjoberg. - Section Two: Teaching, Learning and Affect. Student learning in science classrooms: What role does motivation play-Christina Rhee, Toni Kempler, Akane Zusho, Brian Coppola and Paul Pintrich. Practical work and the affective domain: What do we know, what should we ask and what is worth exploring further-Jerry Wellington. Museums, affect and cognition: The view from another window-Lynn Dierking. Emotions and science teaching: Present research and future agendas-Michalinos Zembylas. - Section Three: Pedagogical Interventions. Active science for child refugees-Frederic Perrier. Orchestrating the confluence: A discussion of science, passion and poetry-Michael Watts. From despair to success: A case study of support and transformation in an elementary science practicum-Bonnie Shapiro. Emotional development, science and co-education-Brian Matthews.
From normative influence to social pressure: how relevant others affect whether bystanders join in cyberbullying

As cyberbullying is a phenomenon that is inherently social, the normative social influence of significant others can play an important role in the behaviour of adolescents involved in cyberbullying incidents. Using data from 525 adolescent bystanders of cyberbullying, we created a path model in order to investigate whether injunctive and descriptive norms of certain reference groups can cause bystanders to experience social pressure and join in cyberbullying. The results showed that social pressure fully mediated the relationship between the injunctive norm of friends approving of cyberbullying and joining in cyberbullying as a bystander. Furthermore, both the injunctive norm of parents approving of cyberbullying and bystanders' involvement in cyberbullying perpetration were related to joining in cyberbullying as a bystander.
Large Eyelid Defect Repair Using a Free Full-Thickness Eyelid Graft

Summary: Large eyelid full-thickness defects are traditionally repaired using flaps with a blood-supplying pedicle, for the reconstruction of the anterior or posterior lamella or both. This is a 2-stage procedure involving occlusion of vision in the affected eye for 4–8 weeks, as the flap pedicle is not divided until vascularization is deemed adequate. However, the importance of using a flap with a pedicle to ensure adequate perfusion of the graft has recently been questioned.
Antimicrobial properties of mucus from the brown garden snail Helix aspersa

Abstract Research into naturally occurring antimicrobial substances has yielded effective treatments. One area of interest is peptides and proteins produced by invertebrates as part of their defence system, including the contents of mollusc mucus. Mucus produced by the African giant land snail, Achatina fulica has been reported to contain two proteins with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Mucus from the brown garden snail, Helix aspersa, appears to have skin regeneration properties. This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial properties of H. aspersa mucus. Mucus was collected from H. aspersa snails, diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with the supernatant tested against a wide range of organisms in a disc-diffusion antimicrobial assay. This was followed with comparative experiments involving A. fulica, including bacteriophage assays. Mucus from both species of snail was passed through a series of protein size separation columns in order to determine the approximate size of the antimicrobial substance. Electrophoresis was also carried out on the H. aspersa mucus. Results indicated that H. aspersa mucus had a strong antibacterial effect against several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a weak effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Mucus from A. fulica also inhibited the growth of S. aureus, but the broad spectrum of activity reported by other workers was not observed. Antimicrobial activity was not caused by bacteriophage. Size separation experiments indicated that the antimicrobial substance(s) in H. aspersa were between 30 and 100 kDa. Electrophoresis revealed two proteins in this region (30–40 kDa and 50–60 kDa). These do not correspond with antimicrobial proteins previously reported in A. fulica. This study found one or more novel antimicrobial agents in H. aspersa mucus, with a strong effect against P. aeruginosa.
Is intra arterial nimodipine really beneficial in vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Abstract Object/Background: Vasospasm is a common cause of mortality and morbidity following rupture of intracranial aneurysm. Hemodynamic therapy instituted in these patients in the past has been replaced by direct manipulation of the spastic vessels by angioplasty and intra-arterial infusion of vasodilators. However, no case control studies exist proving its superiority. The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy of intra-arterial nimodipine (IAN) to that of hemodynamic therapy in patients with vasospasm following aSAH. Material and methods: Fifty-three patients who developed vasospasm following aSAH were included in the study. IAN was instilled in addition to hemodynamic therapy in 39 patients and 14 patients (who refused to give consent for IAN) were continued on hemodynamic therapy alone and served as controls. The response to IAN was studied on angiogram. The clinical response was assessed in both the groups at regular intervals. IAN was repeated if necessary. The outcome (GOS) at discharge and at 3 months after discharge was compared. Results: Thirty-six (92.3%) out of 39 patients showed immediate angiographic reversal of vasospasm.28 of them showed clinical response, of which only 11 had lasting response. 11(28.2%) of 39 patients who received IAN had a good outcome at discharge and 23(58.9%) had a favourable outcome at 3 months follow up. In those who received hemodynamic therapy alone, 4 out of 14(28.6%) patients had a good outcome at discharge and 8 (57.1%) a favourable outcome at 3 months. Conclusions: Angiographic reversal of vasospasm is seen in majority of the patients following IAN. However, this does not necessarily translate into a long lasting clinical response. The final outcome in patients who received hemodynamic therapy is comparable to those who received additional IAN. IAN does not appear to provide a major added advantage over the conventional hemodynamic therapy.
Micronutrient Intakes and Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between micronutrient intakes and the 3.6-year incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. This cohort study was conducted, within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, on 1692 subjects, aged ≥30 years, without CKD at the baseline. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were taken. Chronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean age of participants was 43.3 ± 11.4 years. In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the top quintile of folate (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.80), cobalamin (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.93), vitamin C (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21–0.69), vitamin E (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22–0.92), vitamin D (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21–0.70), potassium (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.97) and magnesium (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.76) had decreased risk of CKD, and in the top quintile of sodium (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.61), subjects had increased risk of CKD, in comparison to the bottom quintile. No significant associations were found between the intakes of other micronutrients. High intake of several micronutrients including vitamins C, E, D, cobalamin, folate, magnesium, and potassium was associated with a decreased risk, while sodium was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD.
Threatened identities: The mothering experiences of asylum-seeking and refugee women in England

This thesis reports a qualitative study undertaken to explore the mothering experiences of asylum-seeking and refugee women in England, with a specific focus on how these experiences affect their maternal identity. Maternal identity is defined here as a woman’s perceived sense of competence in her role as a mother. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty-two asylum-seeking and refugee mothers. The study fills a significant gap in the research literature. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive account of the experiences related to mothering of asylum-seeking and refugee women in England. Secondly, it relates these experiences to the women’s maternal identity. Thirdly, drawing on both sociology and psychology and different approaches to analysing data, the thesis employs two theoretical frameworks, resilience theory and impression management theory, to try to understand the ways in which maternal identity can be protected. The mothers in the sample spoke about a range of experiences that impacted on their mothering practices and abilities. Many of these experiences were spoken about as presenting challenges to mothering. These included negotiating an opaque and hostile asylum system, poverty, housing problems, separation from children, social isolation, negotiating a new culture, parenting alone and intimate partner violence (IPV). Some of these experiences threatened the expressed maternal identity of some women. These experiences were threatening because they created a barrier between mothering expectations and actions. However, some women seemed more able to maintain a sense of competence in their mothering abilities, despite encountering multiple challenges to mothering. This is explained using resilience theory. The study adopts an alternative approach to understanding how maternal identity can be protected. It employs impression management theory to explore the way in which participants used language to negotiate their identities as ‘good’ mothers in the face of threats. The implications of the findings are discussed with regards to both government policy and those professionals working with asylum-seeking and refugee mothers.
Molecular mechanism of export of alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for [the] degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology at Massey University, New Zealand

Chapter 2 has been published as: Hay, I.D. , Rehman, Z.U. , Ghafoor, A. , & Rehm, B.H. A. (2010). Bacterial biosynthesis of alginates. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 85(6), 752-759. The definitive version is available at www3.interscience. wiley.com
global softwar e development

Working in a global context has its advantages , but it also has drawbacks. On the plus side, you gain time-zone effectiveness and reduced cost in various countries. However, working on a globally distributed project means operating costs for planning and managing people, along with language and cultural barriers. It also creates jealousy as the more expensive engineers (who are afraid of losing their jobs) are forced to train their much cheaper counterparts. In this case study, we try to summarize experiences and share best practices from projects of different types and sizes that involve several locations on different continents and in many cultures. Case study setting Alcatel is a global telecommunications supplier with a multitude of development projects that typically involve several countries. We will focus in this article on the company's Switching and Routing business division. Software development in this business division is handled in a central R&D group of several thousand software engineers who are distributed throughout the world in more than 15 development centers in Europe, the US, Asia, and Australia. Strong functional and project organizations—interacting in a classic ma-trix—facilitate both project focus and long-term skill and technology evolution. Telecommunication suppliers have worked in a global context for years. The primary drivers in the past were the need to be locally present for customization and after-sales service and to show local customers how many new jobs were created, which in turn could justify more contracts. A second source for internationally dispersed software development is the growing number of acquisitions and mergers, which add new markets, products, engineers, and creativity to the existing team. A third reason for starting new development activities in countries where neither the market nor the acquisitions would justify such focus Surviving Global Software Development Although there are many good reasons to globally distribute development activities, success is not guaranteed by just opening a development center in another region of the world. This article summarizes and distills best practices from true global software development. S oftware development involves teamwork and a lot of communication. It seems rational to put all your engineers in one place, encourage them to share objectives, and let the project run. Why use distributed sites when it's easier to work in one location without the overhead of remote communication and planning? How is it possible to survive (and succeed with) globally dispersed projects?