Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intermediate risk of multidrug-resistant organisms in patients who admitted intensive care unit with healthcare-associated pneumonia

Background/Aims: Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was proposed asa new pneumonia category in 2005, and treatment recommendations includebroad-spectrum antibiotics directed at multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.However, this concept continues to be controversial, and microbiological data arelacking for HCAP patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study was conductedto determine the rate and type of antibiotic-resistant organisms and theclinical outcomes in patients with HCAP in the ICU, compared to patients withcommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with pneumonia(n = 195) who admitted to medical ICU in tertiary teaching hospital fromMarch 2011 to February 2013. Clinical characteristics, microbiological distributions,treatment outcomes, and prognosis of HCAP (n = 74) were compared tothose of CAP (n = 75) and HAP (n = 46). Results: MDR pathogens were significantly higher in HCAP patients (39.1%) thanin CAP (13.5%) and lower than in HAP (79.3%, p < 0.001). The initial use of inappropriateantibiotic treatment occurred more frequently in the HCAP (32.6%) andHAP (51.7%) groups than in the CAP group (11.8%, p = 0.006). There were no differencesin clinical outcomes. The significant prognostic factors were pneumoniaseverity and treatment response. Conclusions: MDR pathogens were isolated in HCAP patients requiring ICU admissionat intermediate rates between those of CAP and HAP.
Swift XRT Follow-up Observations of TeV Sources of the HESS Inner Galaxy Survey

In order to provide a firm identification of the newly discovered Galactic TeV sources, a search for counterparts in a broad band from soft X-ray to soft gamma rays is crucial as data in these wave bands allow us to distinguish between different types of suggested models (for example, leptonic vs. hadronic) and, in turn, to disentangle their nature. In this paper we report the results of a set of follow-up observations performed by the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on seven sources recently discovered by HESS, in the range from a few hundred GeV to about 10 TeV, during the inner Galaxy survey. In all but one case, we detect X-ray sources inside or close by the extended TeV-emitting region. All of these putative X-ray counterparts have an accurate arcsecond location and are consistent with being point sources. The main result of our search is the discovery that three of them are located at the center of the diffuse radio emission of the supernova remnants, which have been spatially associated with these TeV objects. HESS J1640-465, HESS J1834-087, and HESS J1813-178 show this evidence, suggestive of a possible pulsar wind nebula association.
FDR PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR NETWORK RECONFIGURATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

This paper proposes a novel particle swarm optimiza tion algorithm for reconfiguration of distribution system named Fitness Distance Ratio Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (FDR-PSOA) to reduce the power loss of the system. In Conventional PSO all t he solutions damps towards local pbest and thorough ly ignore other pbest points due to the convergence cr iteria and targets mainly on local optima than glob al optima. The proposed FDR-PSOA in contrast, considers local pbest points as well as neighbouring pbest values before arriving to gbest. This method thorou ghly avoids premature convergence as well as convergence towards global optima. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through IEEE 16 and 33 bus standard test systems.
In the wake of betrayal: Amends, forgiveness, and the resolution of betrayal

The present work advances a dyadic model of victim and perpetrator interactions following betrayals, and the effect of their interactions on betrayal resolution and relationship quality. The authors propose that perpetrator amends promotes victim forgiveness and that both amends and forgiveness contribute to betrayal resolution. In Study 1, married couples discussed unresolved betrayal incidents, and their behavior was rated by partners and trained observers. In Study 2, dating individuals used interaction records to describe betrayal incidents perpetrated by themselves or the partner over a 2-week period. In Study 3, dating partners both provided retrospective descriptions of prior betrayal incidents. All studies yielded good support for model predictions, revealing parallel findings from the point of view of victims, perpetrators, and external observers.
A retrospective study of 370 patients with oral lichen planus in Turkey

Objectives: Although several detailed studies concerning the patient profile and clinical features of oral lichen planus have been undertaken all over the world in different populations, a similar study has not yet been conducted in a Turkish population. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of a group of patients with oral lichen planus in Turkey. Study Design: Charts of 370 patients, from the archive of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department of Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry (Istanbul, Turkey), with histologically confirmed clinical diagnosis of oral lichen planus in the period 1990-2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 370 patients, 260 (70.3%) were women and 110 (29.7%) were men. The mean age was 49.84±13.41 years (range of 16-83). The lesions were asymptomatic in 63 patients (17%). Nearly half of the patients (47.6%) had multiple sites of involvement. Predominantly red forms were the most frequent, affecting 60.5% of patients. Approximately 17% of the patients had symptoms of possible extraoral involvement. No evidence suggesting a connection between oral lichen planus and tobacco or alcohol use was found. Only one out of the 370 cases had histologically proven malignant transformation. Conclusions: The patient profile and clinical features of oral lichen planus in Turkey were generally similar to those described in other populations. The preponderance of the red forms and also the fact that majority of patients referred themselves to our clinic highlighted the lack of awareness among Turkish health care providers about lichen planus. Key words:Oral lichen planus, clinical features, patient profile.
The social practice of parents’ storybook reading: a critical discourse analysis

ABSTRACT A Critical Discourse Analysis was used to examine the parents’ social practice during shared storybook reading with young children (birth to eight-years-old). The methodology involved two phases: (1) educational databases were searched and (2) a template was developed and used to code the programmes' components and studies' research design. Analysis of the articles which met the selection criteria generated trends in the research questions, theories used, and types of interactions that gained their attention. This analysis describes how studies examined the parents’ social practices in shared storybook reading. The results indicated that parents used several approaches in shared storybook reading such as using their personal teaching behaviours and engaging in high quality literacy interactions. High reliability estimates were found for these categories, which ranged from 65% to 100%. Results indicate that shared storybook reading promotes the children’s language growth, emergent literacy, and reading achievement. The study also provides research recommendations.
International approaches to developing healthy eating patterns for national dietary guidelines

Abstract As part of the revision of the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide, a literature scan on statistical modeling approaches used in developing healthy eating patterns for national food guides was conducted. The scan included relevant literature and online searches, primarily since the 2007 Canada’s Food Guide was released. Eight countries were identified as utilizing a statistical model or analysis to help inform their healthy eating pattern, defined as the amounts and types of food recommended, with many common characteristics noted. Detail on international modeling approaches is presented, highlighting similarities and differences as well as strengths and challenges.
Aggregation and influence in teams of imperfect decision makers

Bayesian hypothesis testing inevitably requires prior probabilities of hypotheses. Motivated by human decision makers, this thesis studies how binary decision making is performed when the decision-making agents use imperfect prior probabilities. Three detection models with multiple agents are investigated: distributed detection with symmetric fusion, sequential detection with social learning, and distributed detection with symmetric fusion and social learning. In the distributed detection with symmetric fusion, we consider the agents to be a team aiming to minimize the Bayes risk of the team's decision. In this model, incorrect beliefs reduce the chance of the agents from being right so always lead to an increase in the Bayes risk of the decision-making team. In contrast, the role of beliefs is more complicated in the sequential detection model with social learning, where agents observe public signals, which are decisions made by other agents. Since each agent affects the minimum possible Bayes risk for subsequent agents, she may have a mixed objective including her own Bayes risk and the Bayes risks of subsequent agents. For an earlier-acting agent, it is shown that being informative to later-acting agents is different from being right. When private signals are described by Gaussian likelihoods, informative earlier-acting agents should be open-minded toward the unlikely hypothesis. Social learning helps imperfect agents who have favorable incorrect beliefs outperform perfect agents who have correct beliefs. Compared to in the sequential detection model, social learning is less influential in the distributed detection model with symmetric fusion. This is because social learning induces the evolution of the fusion rule in the distributed detection model, which countervails the other effect of social learning-belief update. In particular, social learning is futile when the agents observe conditionally independent and identically distributed private signals or when the agents require unanimity to make a decision. Since social learning is ineffective, imperfect agents cannot outperform perfect agents, unlike in the sequential detection model. Experiments about human behavior were performed in team decision-making sit3 uations when people should optimally ignore public signals. The experiments suggest that when people vote with equal qualities of information, the ballots should be secret. Thesis Supervisor: Vivek K Goyal Title: Visiting Scientist, Research Laboratory of Electronics Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University
Morphine alters the structure of neurons in the nucleus accumbens and neocortex of rats

Rats were given repeated injections of 10 mg/kg of morphine and were then left undisturbed for 24–25 days before their brains were processed for Golgi‐Cox staining. Prior exposure to morphine decreased the complexity of dendritic branching and the number of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and on pyramidal cells in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. It is suggested that some of the long‐term behavioral consequences of repeated exposure to morphine may be due to its ability to reorganize patterns of synaptic connectivity in the forebrain. Synapse 33:160–162, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effets de l'hyperventilation eucapnique sur la provocation bronchique à la métacholine chez l'athlète

The prevalence of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness are elevated in endurance athletes. Appropriate evaluation of this population, using appropriate diagnostic methods and adequate monitoring, is essential for their optimal management. Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea and methacholine inhalation test are bronchial provocations commonly used to assess airway responsiveness in athletes. In order to assess optimally their pulmonary function, we aimed to study whether to perform these two bronchial provocations one after the other could influence the outcome of the second. Our data indicate that these two challenges should be conducted on two different sessions.
Antagonistic Coevolution Drives Whack-a-Mole Sensitivity in Gene Regulatory Networks

Robustness, defined as tolerance to perturbations such as mutations and environmental fluctuations, is pervasive in biological systems. However, robustness often coexists with its counterpart, evolvability—the ability of perturbations to generate new phenotypes. Previous models of gene regulatory network evolution have shown that robustness evolves under stabilizing selection, but it is unclear how robustness and evolvability will emerge in common coevolutionary scenarios. We consider a two-species model of coevolution involving one host and one parasite population. By using two interacting species, key model parameters that determine the fitness landscapes become emergent properties of the model, avoiding the need to impose these parameters externally. In our study, parasites are modeled on species such as cuckoos where mimicry of the host phenotype confers high fitness to the parasite but lower fitness to the host. Here, frequent phenotype changes are favored as each population continually adapts to the other population. Sensitivity evolves at the network level such that point mutations can induce large phenotype changes. Crucially, the sensitive points of the network are broadly distributed throughout the network and continually relocate. Each time sensitive points in the network are mutated, new ones appear to take their place. We have therefore named this phenomenon “whack-a-mole” sensitivity, after a popular fun park game. We predict that this type of sensitivity will evolve under conditions of strong directional selection, an observation that helps interpret existing experimental evidence, for example, during the emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance.
Institutional guidelines and ongoing studies in management of liver tumours: the experience of the European Institute of Oncology

Background: An institutional task force on upper gastrointestinal tumours is active at the European Institute of Oncology (EIO). Members decided to collate the institutional guidelines on management of liver tumours (primary and metastatic) into a document. This article is aimed at presenting the current treatment guidelines as well as ongoing research protocols and trials in this field at the EIO. Methods: A steering committee convened to assign tasks to individual members. Contributions from experts in each treatment area were collated in a single document, in order to produce a draft for subsequent review from the aforementioned committee. Six drafts have been discussed and the final version approved. Results: Surgical, medical oncology, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy approaches, their roles in management of liver tumours and ongoing research trials are presented and discussed in this article. Conclusions: At the EIO a multi-disciplinary integrated approach to liver tumours is standard and several ongoing research projects are currently active in this field.
How Well Does JXTA Fit Peer-to-Peer SIP?

More and more people use voice over IP instead of traditional phone networks. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), a protocol for session management in general, becomes the standard protocol in use. However, SIP relies on central servers. Thus, maintaining the infrastructure is costly. This results in the trend to transfer peer-to-peer (P2P) concepts to SIP to overcome administration efforts due to self-organisation of the participants. In this paper, we propose a novel JXTA-based P2P architecture for SIP signalling. JXTA is an open peer-to-peer platform, which provides basic infrastructure services for building P2P applications. Our concept does not need central entities for maintaining the SIP traffic, while maintaining compatibility with standard SIP. Additionally, we seamlessly added service location capabilities into our infrastructure to support service discovery in dynamic environments. We evaluated our concept in comparison to standard SIP within three scenarios: local area network, point- to-point network and wide area network. The results show that our approach compares well in terms of response time but results in more traffic for maintaining the peer-to-peer overlay.
Listener-oriented phonetic reduction and theory of mind

ABSTRACT Predictable words tend to be phonetically reduced relative to unpredictable words. Under “listener-oriented” accounts of this phenomenon, the talker has tacit knowledge of their interlocutor's mental state. These theories consequently predict that individual variation in theory of mind is related to magnitude of probabilistic phonetic reduction. The current study tests this prediction for three acoustic variables (word duration, vowel duration, and vowel dispersion) in two definitions of predictability (contextual predictability and discourse mention). A relationship between individual variation in theory of mind and phonetic reduction was observed only for semantic predictability, and in the direction opposite to that predicted by listener-oriented theories. Taken together, these results are not consistent with the predictions of a strong interpretation of listener-orientation in speech production.
Impostor Phenomenon Responses of Early Career Music Education Faculty

This study was designed to examine to the extent to which impostor feelings, symptomatic of the psychological condition impostor phenomenon (IP), would be evident in early career university-level music educators. Those experiencing IP are typically successful individuals yet with impostor feelings that may include debilitating psychological effects related to an irrational fear of failure and exposure as a “fraud. ” Participants were post–doctoral degree music education faculty in their first 4 years of full-time college teaching (N = 54). They responded to the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and to scales adapted for faculty roles of undergraduate teaching, graduate teaching, and research. Results indicated that all participants experienced a moderate or higher level of impostor feelings on at least one of the scales, with five responses indicating intense impostor feelings on at least three scales. Participants’ responses to the Undergraduate Teaching Scale were the most positive. Scores for the Research Scale generated the strongest IP feelings, falling into the frequent or intense category for over 70% of the participants. Strategies that may help faculty members assuage or overcome their impostor feelings include realizing that they are not alone, working with peers, mentors and role models, and acquiring relevant experiences during doctoral preparation.
Controlled Release of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist from Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Microspheres Attenuates Interleukin-1β-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chondrocytes

This paper investigates the protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) released from hyaluronic acid chitosan (HA-CS) microspheres in a controlled manner on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The IL-1Ra release kinetics was characterized by an initial burst release, which was reduced to a linear release over eight days. Chondrocytes were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and subsequently incubated with HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. The cell viability was decreased by IL-1β, which was attenuated by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as indicated by an MTT assay. ELISA showed that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation by attenuating increases in NO2 − and prostaglandin E2 levels as well as increase in glycosaminoglycan release. A terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay revealed that the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis was decreased by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. Moreover, HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres blocked IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and decreasing Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 expressions at mRNA and protein levels, as indicated by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as a controlled release system of IL-1Ra possess potential anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in rat chondrocytes due to their ability to regulate inflammatory factors and apoptosis associated genes.
Multiple Strategies Approach and EFL Reading Comprehension of Learners with Dyslexia: Teachers’ Perceptions

The present study reports the perceptions that the teachers have of the usefulness of a combined strategy instruction for the improvement of the reading comprehension skill in students with dyslexia. These students are placed in regular classes on a full-time basis (inclusion) and their situation has not been changed for the purpose of this study. The strategy instruction includes graphic organizers, visual displays, mnemonic illustrations, movie maker journaling and movie use, prediction, inference, text structure awareness, main idea identification, summarization, and questioning. The findings of the qualitative analysis indicate that all those strategies help students improve the reading comprehension of narrative texts. However, teachers explain that each strategy has positive aspects as well as drawbacks. This study will help teachers to design appropriate syllabus as well as sets of activities to groups of students in inclusive settings.
Sourdough lactic acid bacteria as antifungal and mycotoxin-controlling agents

Sourdough starter cultures are rich sources of endogenous lactic acid bacteria. The extended shelf lives of sourdough breads are attributed to a large array of organic acids and low-molecular-weight metabolites produced during the fermentation process. Different species belonging to the lactic acid bacteria group of microorganisms, mainly Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, are increasingly gaining the attention as possible means for inhibiting mold growth in animal feed and human food chains. In addition, certain lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from sourdough starters were also shown to reduce mycotoxins concentrations in contaminated products either by binding or degradation. This short review will summarize the findings in this context that pertain to lactic acid bacteria isolated specifically from sourdough starters and acquaint the reader with the most recent advancements in this bio-preservation trend.