Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug in Adhesive Patch of Zolmitriptan: Formulation and In vitro/In vivo Correlation

The objective of the present study was to develop transdermal patch for zolmitriptan, determine its in vivo absorption using the rabbit skin. Solvent evaporation technique prepared zolmitriptan patch was settled in two-chamber diffusion cell combined with excised rabbit abdomen skin for permeation study. A sufficient cumulative penetration amount of zolmitriptan (258.5 ± 26.9 μg/cm2 in 24 h) was achieved by the formulation of 4% zolmitriptan, 10% Azone, and adhesive of DURO-TAK® 87–4098. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined via i.v. and transdermal administrations using animal model of rabbit. The results revealed that the absolute bioavailability was about 63%. Zolmitriptan could be detected with drug level of 88 ± 51 ng/mL after transdermal administration of 15 min. The in vivo absorption curve obtained by deconvolution approach using WinNonlin® program was correlated well with the in vitro permeation curve, the correlation coefficient R is 0.84, and the result indicated that in vitro skin permeation experiments were useful to predict the in vivo performance. In addition, little skin irritation was found in the irritation study. As a conclusion, the optimized zolmitriptan transdermal patches could effectively deliver adequate drug into systemic circulation in short time without producing any irritation phenomenon and worth to be developed.
Prefetching for Mobile Devices Using On-line Learning

As mobile, handheld devices have increased in power and function, users increasingly treat them not as mere organizers, but as an extension of their personal computing environment. But accessing files remotely can lead to poor performance, due to network latency. While caching can alleviate this problem, existing caching schemes were designed for desktop clients, and are not mindful of the network and storage limitations endemic to mobile devices. Much work has been done on prefetching files based on various predictive methods. While each method may do well for its target usage pattern, performance can quickly degrade as usage patterns change. Our insight is that one can get the “best of all worlds” by distilling suggestions from varied predictors into one final prediction. Our system learns how each property performs over time and dynamically adjusts the weight of each in the final decision. The resulting system is simple and robust, and supports an arbitrary number of properties, which can be plugged in or out at the administrator’s discretion. Our implementation within the Coda file system shows a 10-15% reduction in average file access latency for lowbandwidth, high-latency connections to the file server, a common usage scenario for many mobile users.
Separation anxiety syndrome in cats: 136 cases (1991-2000).

OBJECTIVE To determine whether cats develop clinical signs typical of separation anxiety syndrome (SAS) and the type and frequency of applicable clinical signs in affected cats. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 136 cats with clinical signs typical of SAS in dogs. Subjects were evaluated during home visits. PROCEDURE Medical records of pet cats evaluated for behavior problems during a 10-year period were reviewed. Medical records of cats that displayed behaviors typical of dogs with SAS (eg, inappropriate elimination, excessive vocalization, destructiveness, or self-mutilation) were more extensively examined, and cats that displayed these behaviors only when separated from an apparent attachment figure were included in the study. RESULTS Behavior problems triggered by separation anxiety included inappropriate urination (96 cats), inappropriate defecation (48), excessive vocalization (16), destructiveness (12), and psychogenic grooming (8). Inappropriate defecation was identified in a significantly higher percentage of the neutered females in the study than in the neutered males. Seventy-five percent of the cats that urinated inappropriately urinated exclusively on the owner's bed. Psychogenic grooming was identified in 8 of the 40 neutered females but in none of the neutered males, whereas destructiveness was observed in 12 of the 92 neutered males but in none of the neutered females. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that cats can develop SAS. Sex and breed differences in the frequency of particular signs of SAS in cats may exist. Feline SAS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anxiety-related misbehavior in cats.
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: report of a series

This study describes five cases presenting an acute clinical course of pulmonary fibrosis, in the absence of specific precipitating factors. A retrospective chart review of five patients with histologically proved usual interstitial pneumonia was carried out in 2001–2002. Clinical data, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings, high resolution computed tomography and histological features were reported. On admission all cases presented hypoxemia and dyspnoea, while some showed an increase of carbohydrate antigen 19.9 or laboratory tests typical of infection, although appropriate cultures were all negative. Altogether, four subjects died and only one is on follow-up. A pattern of diffuse ground-glass or alveolar opacification superimposed on reticular and linear findings was evident on lung imaging in all cases. Marked neutrophilia, together with type II reactive cells hyperplasia, was detected on BAL. Histological findings, from open lung biopsy or autopsy, showed all the aspects of usual interstitial pnemonia with superimposed features of acute lung injury, such as diffuse alveolar damage, with or without hyaline membranes, type II reactive cells hyperplasia and numerous fibroblastic foci. This study also underlines the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage versus open lung biopsy.
A Wireless Back-Haul Architecture Supporting Dynamic Broadcast and White Space Coexistence

Today's wireless operators must support the triple-play service offerings demanded by the market or by regulatory bodies through so-called Universal Service Obligations (USOs). Typically, those services are offered within the scarce and precious wireless spectrum resources owned by the providers. In parallel, broadcasters provide live TV and radio programming via their own radio spectrum. The paradigm shift from live TV to time-shifted consumption blurs the previously clear separation between broadcasting services and multi-media content received via regular, wired or wireless, data networks. The expected reduction of live content through decomposition and clever rescheduling may result in temporarily vacated resources in the TV spectrum which could then be used for regular wireless data services. In this paper we argue that such a 'Dynamic Broadcast' scheme can be supported - at layer 2.5 - by our Wireless Back-Haul (WiBACK) architecture, focusing on the architecture and protocol requirements to integrate Unidirectional Technologies (UDTs) such as DVB-T2 or ATSC. Initial validation results show that our WiBACK architecture can support a 'Dynamic Broadcast' system and provides the mechanisms to orchestrate such coordinated white space usage while providing a common MPLS-based transport.
Life-Satisfaction in Urban Ethiopia: The Role of Relative Poverty and Unobserved Heterogeneity

Unlike most studies of subjective well-being in developing countries, we use a fixed effects regression on three rounds of rich panel data to investigate the impact of relative standing on life satisfaction of respondents in urban Ethiopia. We find a consistently large negative impactof relative standing -- both relative to others and to oneself over time -- on subjective well-being. However, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity through a fixed effects model reduces the impact of the relative standing variables on subjective well-being by up to 24 percent and reduces the impact of economic status by about 40 percent. Our findings highlight the need to be cautious in interpreting parameter estimates from subjective well-being regressions based on cross-sectional data, as the impact of variables may not be disentangled from that of unobserved heterogeneity.
Matrix elements of Thiemann's Hamiltonian constraint in loop quantum gravity

We present an explicit computation of matrix elements of the Hamiltonian constraint operator in non-perturbative quantum gravity. In particular, we consider the Euclidean term of Thiemann's version of the constraint and compute its action on trivalent states, for all its natural orderings. The calculation is performed using graphical techniques from the recoupling theory of coloured knots and links. We exhibit the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian constraint operator in the spin-network basis in compact algebraic form.
The Effects of Analyzing Reasons for Brand Preferences: Disruption or Reinforcement?

Different streams of research offer seemingly conflicting predictions as to the effects of analyzing reasons for preferences on the attitude-behavior link. The authors apply these different theoretical accounts to a new product scenario and identify conditions under which analyzing reasons for brand preferences can increase or decrease the predictive value of reported preferences. Consistent with dual-process theories of persuasion, in Study 1 the authors find that reasons analysis increases the link between attitude and behavior when the measure of behavior closely follows attitude measurement. In contrast, and consistent with research by Wilson and colleagues (e.g., Wilson et al. 1989) on the disruptive effects of reasons analysis, the authors find that thinking about reasons significantly decreases the attitude–behavior correlation when the observed behavior occurs after a substantial delay. Study 2 not only replicates this finding but also suggests that the timing of the reasons task can be an important moderator of the disruption effect. Specifically, the authors draw on the literature on accountability effects to show that even when there is a delay between attitude and behavior measurement, reasons analysis leads to an increase in the attitude–behavior link, as long as reasons are analyzed after attitude measurement. Finally, in Study 3, the authors validate the account of the effects of reasons analysis by obtaining parallel findings for attitude persistence. Together, the studies offer preliminary advice to both practitioners and academics regarding the potential effects of asking consumers to think about why they like or dislike certain products.
GENETIC ARCHITECTURE SETS LIMITS ON TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION IN HYBRID CICHLID FISHES

Abstract The role of hybridization in the evolution of animal species is poorly understood. Transgressive segregation is a mechanism through which hybridization can generate diversity and ultimately lead to speciation. In this report we investigated the capacity of hybridization to generate novel (transgressive) phenotypes in the taxonomically diverse cichlid fishes. We generated a large F2 hybrid population by crossing two closely related cichlid species from Lake Malawi in Africa with differently shaped heads. Our morphometric analysis focused on two traits with different selective histories. The cichlid lower jaw (mandible) has evolved in response to strong directional selection, and does not segregate beyond the parental phenotype. The cichlid neurocranium (skull) has likely diverged in response to forces other than consistent directional selection (e.g., stabilizing selection), and exhibits marked transgressive segregation in our F2 population. We show that the genetic architecture of the cichlid jaw limits transgression, whereas the genetic basis of skull shape is permissive of transgressive segregation. These data suggest that natural selection, acting through the genome, will limit the degree of diversity that may be achieved via hybridization. Results are discussed in the context of the broader question of how phenotypic diversity may be achieved in rapidly evolving systems.
Human herpesvirus 8 infection in patients with cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) infection in patients with lymphoproliferative skin diseases such as large-plaque parapsoriasis (LPP) and mycosis fungoides compared with inflammatory cutaneous conditions or healthy control subjects. DESIGN A survey study was undertaken in 123 subjects with various clinical conditions. SETTING All patients had been seen in the Dermatology Department of the San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy, in the last 2 years. PATIENTS Forty-five patients with inflammatory or autoimmune cutaneous diseases, 50 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with LPP, 12 patients with mycosis fungoides, and 6 patients with classic Kaposi sarcoma were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of HHV-8 infection was investigated with serologic studies using the gold standard assay based on body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma-1 cells latently infected with HHV-8. The presence of HHV-8 conserved sequence, corresponding to open reading frame 26, was also assessed in the peripheral blood and lesion tissue samples from patients with lymphoproliferative cutaneous diseases with nested polymerase chain reaction. The presence and distribution of cell types infected with HHV-8 in the lesion tissues was determined with immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody directed against the latent nuclear antigen-1 of HHV-8 encoded by open reading frame 73. RESULTS In healthy control subjects and patients with inflammatory skin diseases, 13.9% were found to have antibody against HHV-8, consistent with the seroprevalence population in Italy. A highly significant association of HHV-8 infection and LPP was found (100%) compared with mycosis fungoides (25%). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 8 of 10 patients with LPP were found to harbor viral sequences at nested polymerase chain reaction, whereas none of them had a detectable serum viral load. All LPP lesion tissue samples were positive for HHV-8-encoded open reading frame 26, and the presence of HHV-8-infected cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry profiles performed on paraffin-embedded tissues from 4 of 10 patients. The positive cell types included endothelial cells and the infiltrating dermal lymphocytes, characteristic hallmarks of LPP. Analysis of T-cell receptor gamma chain rearrangements in lesion tissue from our patients confirmed the lack of a significant association between T-cell clonality and LPP. CONCLUSION These data suggest that HHV-8 may play a role in the onset of LPP, a disease whose cause and evolution are still undefined and which has often been considered the early stage of mycosis fungoides.
Detecting Protein Complexes through Micro-Network Comparison in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

Proteins are likely to form closely coupled protein complexes as functional units to participate in biological processes. We propose a Micro-Network Comparison algorithm to solve the problem of detecting protein complexes from protein interaction networks. We express the characters of a connection between a node and a core graph through the In-module Micro-network graph and Out-module Micro-network graph. We compare the number of edges in two graphs to decide whether a node has a dense or loose connection to a core graph. We give four experimental results using the algorithm and the results show that our algorithm has an excellent performance in both accuracy and hit rate.
The Importance of Packaging Attributes: A Conjoint Analysis Approach

Purpose – The importance of packaging design and the role of packaging as a vehicle for consumer communication and branding are necessarily growing. To achieve communication goals effectively, knowledge about consumer psychology is important so that manufacturers understand consumer response to their packages. this paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines these issues using a conjoint study among consumers for packaged food products in Thailand, which is a very competitive packaged food products market.Findings – The conjoint results indicate that perceptions about packaging technology (portraying convenience) play the most important role overall in consumer likelihood to buy.Research limitations/implications – There is strong segmentation in which packaging elements consumers consider most important. Some consumers are mostly oriented toward the visual aesthetics, while a small segment focuses on product detail on the label.Originality/value – Segmentation var.
Plasminogen activator and mouse spermatozoa: urokinase synthesis in the male genital tract and binding of the enzyme to the sperm cell surface

When ejaculated mouse spermatozoa were embedded in a plasminogen- containing insoluble protein substrate, a zone of proteolysis developed progressively, centered around the sperm head region. Lysis did not occur in absence of plasminogen or in presence of antibodies against the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). Zymographic and immunological analyses confirmed the presence of u-PA in extracts of ejaculated mouse spermatozoa. In contrast, the u-PA activity of sperm cells obtained from testis or from vas deferens was low, although these cells were able to bind added murine u-PA. The sites of u-PA synthesis were identified by measuring u-PA activity and u-PA mRNA content in protein extracts and in total RNA preparations of various portions of the male genital tract. The highest levels of u-PA activity and of u-PA mRNA were found in vas deferens and seminal vesicles. The cells that synthesize u-PA were localized by hybridizing frozen sections of various portions of the genital tract to a u-PA cRNA probe. In all tissues examined, u-PA mRNA was predominantly located in the epithelial layer, and the strongest signal was observed over that of the vas deferens. Hence, the u-PA associated with ejaculated sperm cells is probably acquired from genital tract secretions. Sperm-bound u-PA may participate in the proteolytic events that accompany capacitation and fertilization.
Results of SMSNA survey regarding complications following intralesional injection therapy with collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie’s disease

Although Peyronie’s disease (PD) was recorded in the medical history more than 200 years ago, its primary management modality has been always surgery without any evidence based alternative until now. Despite the numerous medical treatment options offered to patients in the active phase of the disease (vitamin E, colchicine, pentoxifylline, PABA, NSAI), no oral medical treatment proved useful in meaningful penile curvature improvement in the active phase (1).
Studies on Binary Time Series Models with Applications to Empirical Macroeconomics and Finance

In this chapter, various financial variables are examined as predictors of the probability of a recession in the U.S. and Germany. We propose a new dynamic probit model that outperforms the standard static model, giving accurate out-of-sample forecasts in both countries for the recession period that began in 2001, as well as the beginning of the recession in 2008. In accordance with previous findings, the domestic term spread proves to be an important predictive variable, but stock market returns and the foreign term spread also have predictive power in both countries. In the case of Germany, the interest rate differential between the U.S. and Germany is also a useful additional predictor. 1 A paper “Dynamic Probit Models and Financial Variables in Recession Forecasting” based on this chapter has been published in the Journal of Forecasting, 29, 215–230, 2010, WileyBlackwell, c ©[2009], John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothesis-Testing Processes in Social Interaction

In the course of social relationships, individuals often attempt to make judgments about the personal attributes of other people. At times, this quest for knowledge may involve the testing of hypotheses about other people. When we form our early impressions of new acquaintances, we may wish to test hypotheses based upon our expectations about their personal dispositions (Is this new acquaintance as friendly as a mutual friend has
A Subset of Mouse Colonic Goblet Cells Expresses the Bitter Taste Receptor Tas2r131

The concept that gut nutrient sensing involves taste receptors has been fueled by recent reports associating the expression of taste receptors and taste-associated signaling molecules in the gut and in gut-derived cell lines with physiological responses induced by known taste stimuli. However, for bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs), direct evidence for their functional role in gut physiology is scarce and their cellular expression pattern remained unknown. We therefore investigated Tas2r expression in mice. RT-PCR experiments assessed the presence of mRNA for Tas2rs and taste signaling molecules in the gut. A gene-targeted mouse strain was established to visualize and identify cell types expressing the bitter receptor Tas2r131. Messenger RNA for various Tas2rs and taste signaling molecules were detected by RT-PCR in the gut. Using our knock-in mouse strain we demonstrate that a subset of colonic goblet cells express Tas2r131. Cells that express this receptor are absent in the upper gut and do not correspond to enteroendocrine and brush cells. Expression in colonic goblet cells is consistent with a role of Tas2rs in defense mechanisms against potentially harmful xenobiotics.
A simple multithreaded C++ framework for high-performance data acquisition systems

Data acquisition systems must be capable to process all the data produced by the source to ensure the highest level of accuracy, especially when it deals with hard real-time system monitoring. However, the production of data is faster than the process to acquire and to process such a data. Using concurrency approach is an alternative to obtain the required level of performance and data processing. This paper presents the comparison between various C++ frameworks that using multithreading technology and ring-buffer data structure allow data transfer in concurrent way. The comparison is based on the time interval between the instant when data is published and the instant when the data is gathered. These latency measurements have been taken using the structure of one producer and two consumers for all evaluated frameworks. The results show that it is possible to achieve suitable performance using standard C++ libraries to develop a simple framework for data acquisition systems.