Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degrees of Freedom of Cache-Aided Wireless Interference Networks

We study the role of caches in wireless interference networks. We focus on content caching and delivery across a Gaussian interference network, where both transmitters and receivers are equipped with caches. We provide a constant-factor approximation of the system’s degrees of freedom (DoF), for arbitrary number of transmitters, number of receivers, content library size, receiver cache size, and transmitter cache size (as long as the transmitters combined can store the entire content library among them). We demonstrate approximate optimality with respect to information-theoretic bounds that do not impose any restrictions on the caching and delivery strategies. Our characterization reveals three key insights. First, the approximate DoF is achieved using a strategy that separates the physical and network layers. This separation architecture is thus approximately optimal. Second, we show that increasing transmitter cache memory beyond what is needed to exactly store the entire library between all transmitters does not provide more than a constant-factor benefit to the DoF. A consequence is that transmit zero-forcing is not needed for approximate optimality. Third, we derive an interesting tradeoff between the receiver memory and the number of transmitters needed for approximately maximal performance. In particular, if each receiver can store a constant fraction of the content library, then only a constant number of transmitters are needed. Our solution to the caching problem requires formulating and solving a new communication problem, the symmetric multiple multicast X-channel, for which we provide an exact DoF characterization.
Emotion extraction and recognition from music

Music makes our life lovely because it can affect our mental states significantly with its emotional information inside. Different people might be affected differently from the same music when they listening the music in different situation and mental states. However, the common emotion information the music can be agreed even from peoples with quite different background and cultures. An automatic emotion recognition system be proposed for the music by extracting different features from the music and machine learning method learning from common knowledge on emotional state of the trained data in this paper. Firstly, two-channel audio signals are processed, and typical audio features are extracted. Then some other features used for EEG signal analysis are also extracted. Finally, these features are combined and the random forest classifier is used for the classification. The proposed method has been used on a public music dataset for test and the experimental results demonstrate its efficiency when it compare with the state-of-the-art performance in the same dataset.
Emotional reactivity and emotion recognition in frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Background: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is associated with a profound decline in social and emotional behavior; however, current understanding regarding the specific aspects of emotional functioning that are preserved and disrupted is limited. Objective: To assess preservation of function and deficits in two aspects of emotional processing (emotional reactivity and emotion recognition) in FTLD. Methods: Twenty-eight FTLD patients were compared with 16 controls in emotional reactivity (self-reported emotional experience, emotional facial behavior, and autonomic nervous system response to film stimuli) and emotion recognition (ability to identify a target emotion of fear, happy, or sad experienced by film characters). Additionally, the neural correlates of emotional reactivity and emotion recognition were investigated. Results: FTLD patients were comparable to controls in 1) emotional reactivity to the fear, happy, and sad film clips and 2) emotion recognition for the happy film clip. However, FTLD patients were significantly impaired compared with controls in emotion recognition for the fear and sad film clips. Volumetric analyses revealed that deficits in emotion recognition were associated with decreased lobar volumes in the frontal and temporal lobes. Conclusions: The socioemotional decline typically seen in frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients may result more from an inability to process certain emotions in other people than from deficits in emotional reactivity.
Provocative use testing of methyldibromo glutaronitrile in a cosmetic shampoo

Methyldibromo glutaronitrile (1,2‐dibromo‐2,4‐dicyanobutane, MDGN) is a component of Euxyl K400, a broad‐spectrum preservative increasingly used in cosmetics over the last 10 years. Contact allergy to MDGN is not uncommon, with leave‐on cosmetics and moistened toilet tissue being the most important sources. Rinse‐off products have rarely been reported to elicit allergic reactions in patients sensitized to MDGN and shampoos have only been implicated in hairdressers. To determine whether subjects sensitized to MDGN would react in a provocative use test with a shampoo containing the preservative, we asked 12 pre‐sensitized subjects to use a shampoo containing 0.02% MDGN for a period of 9–13 weeks. During this time, none of the subjects showed any skin reactions indicative of contact allergy. The results of this study provide evidence to support that a shampoo product containing 0.02% MDGN may safely be used by most individuals who are presensitized to MDGN.
Hypertension and Obesity and the Risk of Kidney Cancer in 2 Large Cohorts of US Men and Women

Kidney cancer incidence is increasing globally. Reasons for this rise are unclear but could relate to obesity and hypertension. We analyzed longitudinal relationships between hypertension and obesity and kidney cancer incidence in 156 774 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trials and observational studies over 10.8 years. In addition, we examined the effect of blood pressure (BP) on kidney cancer deaths for over 25 years among the 353 340 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In the Women’s Health Initiative, systolic BP (SBP) was categorized in 6 groups from <120 to >160 mm Hg, and body mass index was categorized using standard criteria. In age-adjusted analyses, kidney cancer risk increased across SBP categories (P value for trend <0.0001) and body mass index categories (P value for trend <0.0001). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, both SBP levels and body mass index were predictors of kidney cancer. In the MRFIT sample, there were 906 deaths after an average of 25 years of follow-up attributed to kidney cancer among the 353 340 participants aged 35 to 57 years at screening. The risk of death from kidney cancer increased in a dose–response fashion with increasing SBP (hazard ratio, 1.87 for SBP>160 versus <120 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 1.38–2.53). Risk was increased among cigarette smokers. Further research is needed to determine the pathophysiologic basis of relationships between both higher BP and the risk of kidney cancer, and whether specific drug therapies for hypertension can reduce kidney cancer risk.
A probable sex difference in some mutation rates.

Since Haldane in 1935 [1] suggested an indirect method for estimating the mutation rate for hemophilia, many human mutation rates have been estimated [2]. It is assumed that a genetic equilibrium exists between selection and mutation and that mutation rate can be derived from measures of selection: a = 1/3 (1 -f)x (IL = mutation ratef = fertility of hemophiliacs compared with the population average; x = incidence of hemophilia in the population). For X-linked and autosomal dominant mutations leading to a strong selective disadvantage of affected individuals, such an equilibrium can be shown to exist. To estimate mutation rate with this indirect method, two parameters must be determined: x, the incidence of hemophiliacs in a certain, well-defined population and f, their effective fertility. In most studies, fertility of hemophiliacs was found to be roughly one-third of normal. Apart from new mutations, the loss of genes per generation due to this reduced fertility of male hemizygotes could also be compensated, at least theoretically, by an above-average fertility of heterozygous females or by shifting the segregation ratio. The first possibility is unlikely for physiological reasons, and the second was excluded [3-5]. There seems to be agreement that the incidence of hemophilia and other deleterious, X-linked diseases has been maintained in the past by an equilibrium between mutation and selection. For hemophilia, this equilibrium no longer exists, as treatment with factor VIII concentrates has vastly improved the survival of hemophiliacs.
Photosynthetic differences contribute to competitive advantage of evergreen angiosperm trees over evergreen conifers in productive habitats.

• Here we explore the possible role of leaf-level gas exchange traits in determining growth rate differences and competitive interactions between evergreen angiosperms and conifers. • We compared relationships among photosynthetic capacity (Amax ), maximum stomatal conductance (Gs ), leaf life span, nitrogen concentration (N) and specific leaf area (SLA), in sun leaves of 23 evergreen angiosperm and 20 conifer populations. • Despite similar average leaf Nmass , conifer leaves lived longer on average (36 months) than angiosperms (25 months). At a standardized leaf N, Amass was higher in angiosperms (56 nmol g-1 s-1 ) than in conifers (36 nmol g-1 s-1 ). Stepwize regression suggested that most of this difference in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency could be explained by Gs and SLA. Mean Gs (on an area basis) of angiosperms was higher than that of conifers (152 vs 117 mmol m2 s-1 ), but Aarea -Gs relationships were similar for the two groups. At a given leaf N, conifers had lower SLA (projected area basis) than angiosperms. • Photosynthetic differences probably contribute to the competitive advantage of angiosperm trees over conifers in productive habitats, and may be linked to the greater hydraulic capacity of vessels, enabling angiosperms to develop higher stomatal conductance and therefore sustain higher transpiration rates.
Acidification of the cytosol inhibits endocytosis from coated pits

Acidification of the cytosol of a number of different cell lines strongly reduced the endocytic uptake of transferrin and epidermal growth factor. The number of transferrin binding sites at the cell surface was increased in acidified cells. Electron microscopic studies showed that the number of coated pits at the cell surface was not reduced in cells with acidified cytosol. Experiments with transferrin- horseradish peroxidase conjugates and a monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibody demonstrated that transferrin receptors were present in approximately 75% of the coated pits both in control cells and in cells with acidified cytosol. The data therefore indicate that the reason for the reduced endocytic uptake of transferrin at internal pH less than 6.5 is an inhibition of the pinching off of coated vesicles. In contrast, acidification of the cytosol had only little effect on the uptake of ricin and the fluid phase marker lucifer yellow. Ricin endocytosed by cells with acidified cytosol exhibited full toxic effect on the cells. Although the pathway of this uptake in acidified cells remains uncertain, some coated pits may still be involved. However, the data are also consistent with the possibility that an alternative endocytic pathway involving smooth (uncoated) pits exists.
Microarrays based on affinity‐tagged single‐chain Fv antibodies: Sensitive detection of analyte in complex proteomes

Protein‐based microarrays are among the novel class of rapidly emerging proteomic technologies that will allow us to efficiently perform global proteome analysis. However, the process of designing adequate protein microarrays is a major inherent problem. In this study, we have evaluated a protein microarray platform based on nonpurified affinity‐tagged single‐chain (sc) Fv antibody fragments to generate proof‐of‐principle and to demonstrate the specificity and sensitivity of the array design. To this end, we used our human recombinant scFv antibody library genetically constructed around one framework, the n‐CoDeR library containing 2 × 1010 clones, as a source for our probes. The probes were immobilized via engineered C‐terminal affinity tags, his‐ or myc‐tags, to either Ni2+‐coated slides or anti‐tag antibody coated substrates. The results showed that highly functional microarrays were generated and that nonpurified scFvs readily could be applied as probes. Specific and sensitive microarrays were obtained, providing a limit of detection in the pM to fM range, using fluorescence as the mode of detection. Further, the results showed that spotting the analyte on top of the arrayed probes, instead of incubating the array with large sample volumes (333 pL vs. 40 μL), could reduce the amount of analyte required 4000 times, from 1200 attomole to 300 zeptomole. Finally, we showed that a highly complex proteome, such as human sera containing several thousand different proteins, could be directly fluorescently labeled and successfully analyzed without compromising the specificity and sensitivity of the antibody microarrays. This is a prerequisite for the design of high‐density antibody arrays applied in high‐throughput proteomics.
Genome-Wide Interaction Study Identifies RCBTB1 as a Modifier for Smoking Effect on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Objective— Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker for atherosclerosis, is affected by smoking and has substantial interindividual variation. We sought to identify the genetic moderators influencing the effect of smoking on cIMT. Approach and Results— With a multistage design using 722 379 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), a genome-wide interaction study was performed in a discovery sample of 669 Hispanics, followed by replication in 589 subjects (264 Hispanics, 172 non-Hispanic blacks, 153 non-Hispanic whites). Assuming an additive genetic model, regression analysis was performed to test for smoking–SNP interaction on cIMT while controlling for age, sex, and the top 3 principal components of ancestry. The strongest interaction in Hispanics was found with a synonymous splicing SNP (rs3751383) in exon 9 of RCBTB1 (P=2.5e−6 in discovery sample; P=0.01 in the Hispanic replication sample; P<8.8e−9 in the combined Hispanic sample). Stratification analysis in the combined Hispanic sample showed that smoking had no effect on cIMT among rs3751383 G homozygote (P=0.15), a moderate effect among rs3751383 heterozygote (P=0.01), and a strong effect among rs3751383 A homozygote (P=2.1e−7). A consistent trend was observed in the non-Hispanic white and black data sets, leading to an interaction effect of P<2.9e−9 in the meta-analysis of all 1258 subjects. Conclusions— Our study represents the first genome-wide smoking–SNP interaction study of cIMT and identifies RCBTB1 as a modifier of the smoking effect on cIMT. Testing for gene–environment interactions can help uncover genetic factors that contribute to the interindividual variation in response to the same environmental exposure.
Genetic Variation in Renal Expression of Folate Receptor 1 (Folr1) Gene Predisposes Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolism of homocysteine and other sulfur amino acids is closely associated with metabolism of folates. In this study, we analyzed the possible role of folates and sulfur amino acids in the development of features of the metabolic syndrome in the BXH/HXB recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Brown Norway progenitors. We mapped a quantitative trait locus for cysteine concentrations to a region of chromosome 1 that contains a cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus regulating mRNA levels of folate receptor 1 (Folr1) in the kidney. Sequence analysis revealed a deletion variant in the Folr1 promoter region of the SHR. Transfection studies demonstrated that the SHR-promoter region of Folr1 is less effective in driving luciferase reporter gene expression than the Brown Norway promoter region of Folr1. Results in the SHR.BN-chr.1 congenic strain confirmed that the SHR variant in Folr1 cosegregates with markedly reduced renal expression of Folr1 and renal folate reabsorption, decreased serum levels of folate, increased serum levels of cysteine and homocysteine, increased adiposity, ectopic fat accumulation in liver and muscle, reduced muscle insulin sensitivity, and increased blood pressure. Transgenic rescue experiments performed by expressing a Folr1 transgene in the SHR ameliorated most of the metabolic disturbances. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inherited variation in the expression of Folr1 in the kidney influences the development of the metabolic syndrome and constitutes a previously unrecognized genetic mechanism that may contribute to increased risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
The OpenAirInterface application programming interface for schedulers using Carrier Aggregation

Carrier aggregation (CA) is one of the key features of LTE-Advanced. On one hand it allows to boost the system capacity and on the other hand it enables dynamic spectrum access, such as licensed assisted access (LAA) and licensed shared access (LSA). Efficiently exploiting CA is however not a trivial task; the main challenges are scheduling, load balancing, dynamic carrier activation/deactivation, etc. Due to the complexity of these systems, experimentation is needed to evaluate and test these features. OpenAirInterface is a well know open-source software defined radio solution that allows for experimentation with LTE 4G systems. In this paper we are going present two extensions of the current version of OpenAirInterface: Carrier Aggregation and an application programming interface (API) for schedulers that allows a third party to plug-in their own scheduler. These two extensions allow for more control in the experimentation process than with commercial equipment.
Workflow Scheduling Algorithms in Grid Computing

— Grid computing is a process of aggregate the functionality of different geographically resources and provide services to the user. Scheduling is most popular research area in grid computing for achieving high performance. In scheduling, tasks are assigning to resources and maintain the execution. Dependencies constraints are need to preserve for workflow scheduling in grid computing. In this paper, surveyed various workflow scheduling algorithms. Lot of research has been done in the area workflow scheduling but still there is a requirement of optimization techniques like bat optimization, water drop optimization to the workflow scheduling.
Children and adolescents with low back pain: a descriptive study of physical examination and outcome measurement.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, cohort study of children and adolescents with low back pain (LBP) referred to physical therapy. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical presentation, examination findings, and classification of children and adolescent patients with LBP, and to explore the concurrent validity of the Oswestry questionnaire as a disability measure in this group. BACKGROUND Little information is available regarding the clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and outcome assessment in children and adolescents with LOP. METHODS AND MEASURES Charts were reviewed for historical, diagnostic, physical examination,and outcome information. Diagnoses given by the referring physicians were recorded. A treatment-based classification was made for each subject. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. The validity of the Oswestry questionnaire was examined. RESULTS The children and adolescents included in this study represented 5% (n = 25) of all cases of LOP referred to physical therapy. A greater percentage of patients had difficulty with extension than with flexion range of motion (ROM). Initial pain scores were lower if a specific pathology was present (P = .001). Initial pain and Oswestry scores were poorly correlated (r = 0.16). Forty-four percent (n = 11) of patients scored under the floor value of 12% on the Oswestry. CONCLUSION The referral rate of children and adolescents with LBP seems to be low. Compared to adults, children and adolescents appear more likely to have a specific diagnosis given to them by their physician. The physical examination findings appear to indicate that spinal stabilization approaches may be beneficial for many patients. The Oswestry questionnaire may not be a valid tool for documenting changes in disability in these patients. Further research is needed on the conservative management of children and adolescents with LBP.
Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on intracellular magnesium of platelets.

Magnesium (Mg2+), the second most abundant intracellular cation, is a critical cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions. After stimulation of platelets with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), we examined changes in cytosolic free Mg2+ ([Mg2+]i) by using fluorescent probe magfura-2. Basal [Mg2+]i in platelets was 614 +/- 1 microM (mean +/- SEM, n = 60). Insulin and IGF-1 induced an immediate rise of [Mg2+]i in a dose-dependent manner. After stimulation of platelets with 100 microU/mL of insulin for 60 s, [Mg2+]i was significantly elevated to 1270 +/- 53 microM (n = 30, P < 0.05), i.e., 82 +/- 5% over resting [Mg2+]i. IGF-1 (5 micrograms/mL) also increased [Mg2+]i (1020 +/- 53 microM, 69 +/- 10% over resting [Mg2+]i, n = 30). In the medium containing choline instead of sodium or the medium without potassium, an elevation of [Mg2+]i with addition of insulin/IGF-1 was moderately suppressed. Amiloride, a Na+-H+ antiport inhibitor, did not block the insulin/IGF-1 effect. Insulin/ IGF-1 translocates Mg2+ from the extracellular space to intracellular space and these effects are affected by external sodium and potassium.