Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PDGF-responsive progenitors persist in the subventricular zone across the lifespan

The SVZ (subventricular zone) contains neural stem cells and progenitors of various potentialities. Although initially parsed into A, B, and C cells, this germinal zone is comprised of a significantly more diverse population of cells. Here, we characterized a subset of postnatal PRPs (PDGF-AA-responsive precursors) that express functional PDGFα and β receptors from birth to adulthood. When grown in PDGF-AA, dissociated neonatal rat SVZ cells divided to produce non-adherent clusters of progeny. Unlike the self-renewing EGF/FGF-2-responsive precursors that produce neurospheres, these PRPs failed to self-renew after three passages; therefore, we refer to the colonies they produce as spheroids. Upon differentiation these spheroids could produce neurons, type 1 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. When maintained in medium supplemented with BMP-4 they also produced type 2 astrocytes. Using lineage tracing methods, it became evident that there were multiple types of PRPs, including a subset that could produce neurons, oligodendrocytes, and type 1 and type 2 astrocytes; thus some of these PRPs represent a unique population of precursors that are quatropotential. Spheroids also could be generated from the newborn neocortex and they had the same potentiality as those from the SVZ. By contrast, the adult neocortex produced less than 20% of the numbers of spheroids than the adult SVZ and spheroids from the adult neocortex only differentiated into glial cells. Interestingly, SVZ spheroid producing capacity diminished only slightly from birth to adulthood. Altogether these data demonstrate that there are PRPs that persist in the SVZ that includes a unique population of quatropotential PRPs.
The Illusion of Political Tolerance: Social Desirability and Self-Reported Voting Preferences

Tolerance for diversity in America is often indexed by direct measures, such as self-reported “willingness to vote” polls. However, pressures to be or appear unprejudiced may bias such estimates, yielding misleading and overly optimistic inferences about tolerance in America. The current research investigated the degree to which direct and indirect measures of political candidate preferences converge and diverge across six target groups varying in acceptability of stigmatization (atheists, African Americans, Catholics, gay men and lesbians, Muslims, and women) and across relevant participant demographics. Overall, participants (N = 3,000, nationally representative) reported less willingness to vote for target groups when measured indirectly, relative to directly. Additionally, the divergence between the direct and indirect measures was especially evident for social groups for which overt stigmatization is normatively inappropriate. This research provides a vital benchmark that quantifies the gulf between the direct and indirect measures of tolerance for various oft-stigmatized groups in America.
Optimalisasi Manajemen Intervensi Kelas terhadap Perilaku Buruk Siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

This study focused on examining the theory of optimalization of class intervention management toward students’ bad behavior in Islamic primary school. The method used in this study was literature study based on documents. The results showed that the optimalization of classroom management involved the whole components including school and parents as moral community whose responsibility and role were preventing and overcoming students’ bad behavior by being a good role model. Optimizing the collaboration among parents enables integrated communication with education at school to avoid the continuity of behavior. Increasing positive activities aimed to overcome disruption in the classroom can be done through behaviorism approach and integrated learning. Teachers’ readiness in mastering intervention management is crucial as it is necessary for dealing with students’ behavior in a precise way. Keywords: Class Intervention management, Bad Behavior, Islamic Primary School
Gromov-Witten invariants of blow-ups

In the first part of the paper, we give an explicit algorithm to compute the (genus zero) Gromov-Witten invariants of blow-ups of an arbitrary convex projective variety in some points if one knows the Gromov-Witten invariants of the original variety. In the second part, we specialize to blow-ups of P^r and show that many invariants of these blow-ups can be interpreted as numbers of rational curves on P^r having specified global multiplicities or tangent directions in the blown-up points. We give various numerical examples, including a new easy way to determine the famous multiplicity d^{-3} for d-fold coverings of rational curves on the quintic threefold, and, as an outlook, two examples of blow-ups along subvarieties, whose Gromov-Witten invariants lead to classical multisecant formulas.
Isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy: a population-based study in The Netherlands

Objective To estimate isotretinoin exposure in Dutch pregnant women despite the implemented pregnancy prevention programme (PPP) and second, to analyse the occurrence of adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes in these isotretinoin exposed pregnancies. Design Population-based study. Setting The Netherlands. Participants A cohort of 203 962 pregnancies with onset between 1 January 1999 and 1 September 2007 consisting of 208 161 fetuses or neonates. Main outcome measures Isotretinoin exposure in the 30 days before or during pregnancy. Proportions of adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes, defined as intrauterine deaths ≥16 week of gestation and neonates with major congenital anomalies. ORs with 95% CIs adjusted for maternal age were calculated to estimate the risk of adverse fetal or neonatal outcome after maternal isotretinoin exposure. Results 51 pregnancies, 2.5 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.3) per 10 000 pregnancies, were exposed to isotretinoin despite the pregnancy prevention programme. Forty-five of these pregnancies, 2.2 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.9) per 10 000 pregnancies, were exposed to isotretinoin during pregnancy and six additional women became pregnant within 30 days after isotretinoin discontinuation. In 60% of isotretinoin exposed pregnancies, women started isotretinoin while already pregnant. In five out of the 51 isotretinoin exposed pregnancies (53 fetuses), 9.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 17.6%), had an adverse fetal or neonatal outcome. The OR for adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes after isotretinoin exposure in 30 days before or during pregnancy was 2.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 5.7) after adjustment for maternal age. Conclusions Although a PPP was already implemented in 1988, we showed that isotretinoin exposed pregnancies and adverse fetal and neonatal events potentially related to the exposure still occur. These findings from the Netherlands add to the evidence that there is no full compliance to the isotretinoin PPP in many Western countries. Given the limited success of iPLEDGE, the question is which further measures are able to improve compliance.
AND BEQUESTS IN THREE OECD COUNTRIES 1 Intervivos Transfers and Bequests in three OECD Countries 1

Private monetary transfers from parents to adult children living in a separate household constitute an important share of aggregate net worth in the economies of major economies like the United States or Germany. Evidence from the United States from the middle eighties suggests that parental intervivos transfers gifts given from living parents to adult childrenare the source of at least 11 percent of aggregate net worth. On the other hand, accumulated bequests monetary transfers received after the death of parents amount to 30% of aggregate net worth in the economy of the United States. Comparable estimates for West Germany for the late eighties, suggest that accumulated bequests constitute a 10% share of net worth. Potentially, these flows of resources may affect the distribution of resources in these economies. From a public policy perspective, private monetary gifts between generations can affect the effectiveness of public programs. Firstly, population aging in Europe and the
On Information Complexity in the Broadcast Model

Information complexity is the extension of classical information theory to the interactive setting, where instead of one-way transmission we are interested in back-and-forth communication. This approach has been very influential in communication complexity, where it enables us to prove powerful lower bounds by quantifying the amount of information the participants in the computation must reveal about their inputs. In this paper we study information complexity in the classical broadcast model: k parties with private inputs wish to compute some function of their inputs, and they communicate by sending messages (one at a time) over a broadcast channel. We measure how much information the players reveal about their inputs to an external observer. This is called external information cost. Using this approach, we prove a tight lower bound of Ω(n log k + k) on the communication complexity of set disjointness, a fundamental problem in communication complexity. We also give a deterministic matching upper bound. Next we study compression, a central question in information complexity: given a protocol with low information cost (but possibly high communication), can we compress the protocol so that its communication cost matches its information cost? In the two-player setting, it is known that every protocol can be compressed to roughly its external information cost. We show that for the multi-party case this is no longer true: there is a gap of at least Ω(k/log k) between external information and communication. However, if we wish to compress many independent instances of the same protocol, then it is possible to do so with an amortized per-copy cost that approaches the information cost as the number of copies goes to infinity.
Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity

The capacity to focus one's attention for an extended period of time can be increased through training in contemplative practices. However, the cognitive processes engaged during meditation that support trait changes in cognition are not well characterized. We conducted a longitudinal wait-list controlled study of intensive meditation training. Retreat participants practiced focused attention (FA) meditation techniques for three months during an initial retreat. Wait-list participants later undertook formally identical training during a second retreat. Dense-array scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected during 6 min of mindfulness of breathing meditation at three assessment points during each retreat. Second-order blind source separation, along with a novel semi-automatic artifact removal tool (SMART), was used for data preprocessing. We observed replicable reductions in meditative state-related beta-band power bilaterally over anteriocentral and posterior scalp regions. In addition, individual alpha frequency (IAF) decreased across both retreats and in direct relation to the amount of meditative practice. These findings provide evidence for replicable longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory activity during meditation and increase our understanding of the cortical processes engaged during meditation that may support long-term improvements in cognition.
KADISON-SINGER MEETS BOURGAIN-TZAFRIRI

Abstract. We show that the Kadison-Singer problem is equivalent to the (strong) restricted invertibility conjecture of Bourgain-Tzafriri. We also show that these two problems are equivalent to two problems in frame theory holding simultaneously: (1) the Feichtinger Conjecture, and (2) the R Conjecture. Next, we show that Bourgain-Tzafriri restricted-invertibility principle holds on random subspaces. This extends the principle in several ways and shows that slightly weaker versions of the conjectures hold.
Volunteering in bereavement: motivations and meaning

Abstract Bereaved people often say that friends, family and colleagues avoid talking to them about their loss. Indeed, sometimes people will cross the road to avoid engaging with them. This project sought to understand why ordinary people come forward to volunteer to help those who have been bereaved and what this experience means to them. Stories gathered from eighteen volunteers at Cruse Scotland suggested that their own experience of bereavement was the main motivating factor and that volunteers found significant meaning and growth through involvement in this work.
Validation of Automated Protein Annotation

Given the large amount of data stored in biological databases, the management of uncertainty and incompleteness in them is a non-trivial problem. To cope with the large amount of sequences being produced, a significant number of genes and proteins have been functionally characterized by automated tools. However, these tools have also produced a significant number of misannotations that are now present in the databases. This paper proposes a new approach for validating the automated annotations, which uses the large amount of publicly available information to compare automated annotations with preexisting curated annotations. To test the proposed approach, we developed a novel unsupervised method for filtering misannotations provided by automated annotation systems. We evaluated our method using the automated annotations submitted to BioCreAtIvE, a joint evaluation of state-of-the-art text-mining systems in Biology. The method scored each of these annotations and those scored below a certain threshold were discarded. The results have shown a small trade-off in recall for a large improvement in precision. For example, we were able to discard 44.6%, 66.8% and 81% of the misannotations, maintaining 96.9%, 84.2%, and 47.8% of the correct annotations, respectively. Moreover, we were able to outperform each individual submission to BioCreAtIvE by proper adjustment of the threshold. These results show the effectiveness of our approach in assisting curators of large biological databases in the use of contemporary tools for automatic identification of annotations.
Attentional Impairment and Minor Physical Anomalies in Early Onset Schizophrenia

Background : Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are established markers of abnormal neurodevelopment that also has been postulated to lead to attentional impairments. Both these variables are studied and found in schizophrenia. We aimed to compare the neuropsychological domain of attention in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and correlated the findings with number of MPAs. Methods : Thirty patients with early onset schizophrenia (in remission) and thirty healthy controls were recruited. While attention was assessed using the Digit span, the Digit vigilance and the Trail Making Tests, MPAs were comprehensively assessed using the 55 item Extended Waldrop Scale. Study variables were analysed using non-parametric measures. Results : Schizophrenia patients were found to have significantly higher cranio facial and total MPAs. Attentional impairment in patients was significantly impaired as compared to controls. There was no significant correlation between MPA scores and attentional measures. Conclusions : This study supports the finding that total and specific cranio-facial MPA scores and, impaired attention are indeed illness markers in schizophrenia patients. No distinguishable association, however, was found between MPAs and attentional measures. We suggest heterogeneity in brain morphogenesis, disease and treatment influences as possible hindrances. Keywords : Schizophrenia; Neurodevelopment; Neuropsychology; Minor physical anomalies; attention.
Targeting Hyaluronan Interactions in Spinal Cord Astrocytomas and Diffuse Pontine Gliomas

Although significant advances have been made in treating malignant pediatric central nervous system tumors such as medulloblastoma, no effective therapy exists for diffuse pontine glioma or intramedullary spinal astrocytoma. Biology of these 2 tumors is poorly understood, in part because diffuse pontine gliomas are not treated surgically, and tumor specimens from intramedullary spinal astrocytomas are rare and minuscule. At the 2007 Neurobiology of Disease in Children Symposium, we presented evidence that malignant glioma behaviors, including antiapoptosis, invasiveness, and treatment resistance, are enhanced by hyaluronan, an extracellular glycosaminoglycan. We review the clinical course of pediatric intramedullary spinal astrocytoma and diffuse pontine glioma, and show expression of membrane proteins that interact with hyaluronan: CD44, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Furthermore, we describe novel animal models of these tumors for preclinical studies. These findings suggest that hyaluronan antagonism has potential therapeutic value in malignant central nervous system tumors.
Organizational Ambidexterity: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators

Organizational ambidexterity, defined as an organization's ability to be aligned and efficient in its management of today's business demands while simultaneously being adaptive to changes in the environment, has gained increasing interest in recent years. In this article, the authors review various literature streams to develop a comprehensive model that covers research into the antecedents, moderators, and outcomes of organizational ambidexterity. They indicate gaps within and across different research domains and point to important avenues for future research.
Semantic investigation of proof systems for non-classical logics

Ever since the introduction of sequent calculi for classical and intuitionistic logic by Gentzen [20], sequent calculi have been widely applied in the fields of proof theory, computational logic, and automated deduction. These systems and their natural generalizations (such as many-sided sequent and hypersequent calculi) provide suitable proof-theoretic frameworks for a huge variety of non-classical logics, including intermediate logics [18, 16], modal logics [37], substructural logics [19], many-valued logics [23], fuzzy logics [26], and paraconsistent logics [6]. In many important cases they suggest an “algorithmic presentation” of a logic, which is particularly useful in automated reasoning tasks, as well as for studying its properties, such as decidability and computational complexity (mainly for propositional logics), consistency, interpolation, the Herbrand theorem (for first-order logics). Thus in the last decades Gentzen-type calculi have been frequently used for introducing, handling, comparing, investigating and using new and existing non-classical logics. Each such calculus usually requires a soundness and completeness theorem with respect to its corresponding logic, and its proof-theoretic properties should be verified. Traditionally, this is done each time from scratch. In many cases the fundamental theorem of cut-elimination is proved, i.e., the redundancy of the well-known cut rule, which usually ensures the usefulness of the calculus. Another desirable and computationally crucial property of Gentzen calculi is analyticity. Roughly speaking, a calculus is analytic if whenever a sequent s is provable in it, then s can be proved using only the syntactic material available inside s. Often analyticity is an immediate corollary of cut-elimination, but in many cases cut-elimination fails, and the calculus can still be shown to be analytic.
The Importance of the Raw Idea in Innovation: Testing the Sow's Ear Hypothesis

How important is the original conception of an idea—the “raw” idea— to an innovation's success? In this article, the authors explore whether raw ideas judged as “better” fare better in the market and also determine the strength of that relationship. The empirical context is Quirky.com, a community-driven product development company for household consumer products. The data include descriptions of the raw ideas as originally proposed, the ultimate product designs that resulted from those ideas, and sales figures. In addition, they contain two measures of idea quality: those from online consumer panelists and those from expert evaluators. The authors note the following findings: First, online consumer panels are a better way to determine a “good” idea than are ratings by experts. Second, predictions with samples as small as 20 consumers are reliable. Third, there is a stronger predictive link between raw ideas and consumers’ purchase intent of final product designs than there is between those intentions and market outcomes. Fourth, the commercial importance of the raw idea is large, with ideas one standard deviation better translating to an approximately 50% increase in sales rate.
Sphingosine Kinase Type 2 Is a Putative BH3-only Protein That Induces Apoptosis*

There are two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK) that catalyze the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a potent sphingolipid mediator. Whereas SphK1 stimulates growth and survival, here we show that SphK2 enhanced apoptosis in diverse cell types and also suppressed cellular proliferation. Apoptosis was preceded by cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. SphK2-induced apoptosis was independent of activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Sequence analysis revealed that SphK2 contains a 9-amino acid motif similar to that present in BH3-only proteins, a pro-apoptotic subgroup of the Bcl-2 family. As with other BH3-only proteins, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that SphK2 interacted with Bcl-xL. Moreover, site-directed mutation of Leu-219, the conserved leucine residue present in all BH3 domains, markedly suppressed SphK2-induced apoptosis. Hence, the apoptotic effect of SphK2 might be because of its putative BH3 domain.
THE COORDINATED RADIO AND INFRARED SURVEY FOR HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION. II. SOURCE CATALOG

The CORNISH project is the highest resolution radio continuum survey of the Galactic plane to date. It is the 5 GHz radio continuum part of a series of multi-wavelength surveys that focus on the northern GLIMPSE region (10° < l < 65°), observed by the Spitzer satellite in the mid-infrared. Observations with the Very Large Array in B and BnA configurations have yielded a 1. ″5 resolution Stokes I map with a root mean square noise level better than 0.4 mJy beam−1. Here we describe the data-processing methods and data characteristics, and present a new, uniform catalog of compact radio emission. This includes an implementation of automatic deconvolution that provides much more reliable imaging than standard CLEANing. A rigorous investigation of the noise characteristics and reliability of source detection has been carried out. We show that the survey is optimized to detect emission on size scales up to 14″ and for unresolved sources the catalog is more than 90% complete at a flux density of 3.9 mJy. We have detected 3062 sources above a 7σ detection limit and present their ensemble properties. The catalog is highly reliable away from regions containing poorly sampled extended emission, which comprise less than 2% of the survey area. Imaging problems have been mitigated by down-weighting the shortest spacings and potential artifacts flagged via a rigorous manual inspection with reference to the Spitzer infrared data. We present images of the most common source types found: H ii regions, planetary nebulae, and radio galaxies. The CORNISH data and catalog are available online at http://cornish.leeds. ac.uk.