Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable epileptic seizure detection using an improved wavelet neural network.

BACKGROUND Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis is indispensable in epilepsy diagnosis as it offers valuable insights for locating the abnormal distortions in the brain wave. However, visual interpretation of the massive amounts of EEG signals is time-consuming, and there is often inconsistent judgment between experts. AIMS This study proposes a novel and reliable seizure detection system, where the statistical features extracted from the discrete wavelet transform are used in conjunction with an improved wavelet neural network (WNN) to identify the occurrence of seizures. METHOD Experimental simulations were carried out on a well-known publicly available dataset, which was kindly provided by the Epilepsy Center, University of Bonn, Germany. The normal and epileptic EEG signals were first pre-processed using the discrete wavelet transform. Subsequently, a set of statistical features was extracted to train a WNNs-based classifier. RESULTS The study has two key findings. First, simulation results showed that the proposed improved WNNs-based classifier gave excellent predictive ability, where an overall classification accuracy of 98.87% was obtained. Second, by using the 10th and 90th percentiles of the absolute values of the wavelet coefficients, a better set of EEG features can be identified from the data, as the outliers are removed before any further downstream analysis. CONCLUSION The obtained high prediction accuracy demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed seizure detection scheme. It suggested the prospective implementation of the proposed method in developing a real time automated epileptic diagnostic system with fast and accurate response that could assist neurologists in the decision making process.
Photoinduced Phase Transitions in α-, θ-, and κ-type ET Salts: Ultrafast Melting of the Electronic Ordering

Photoinduced phase transitions in organic compounds with strong electron correlation ET [bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene)-based salts α-(ET)2I3, θ-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4, κ-(d-ET)2Cu[N(CN)2Br] were discussed based, on time resolved optical pump-probe spectroscopy using ~150 fs mid-infrared pulse, 12 fs near infrared pulse, and sub-picosecond terahertz pulse. (i) In charge-ordered insulators α-(ET)2I3 and θ-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4, we captured ultrafast snapshots of charge dynamics i.e., immediate (ca. 15 fs) generation of a microscopic metallic state (or equivalently the microscopic melting of the charge order) which is driven by the coherent oscillation (period; 18 fs) of correlated electrons. Subsequently, condensation of the microscopic metallic state to the macroscopic scale occurs in α-(ET)2I3. However, in θ-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4, such condensation is prevented by the large potential barrier reflecting the structural difference between the insulator and metal; (ii) In a Dimer–Mott insulator κ-(d-ET)2Cu[N(CN)2Br], photogeneration of the metallic state rises during ca. 1 ps that is much slower than the melting of charge order, because the photoinduced insulator to metal transition is driven by the intradimer molecular displacement in the dimer Mott insulator. The ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced insulator–metal transitions depend strongly on the molecular arrangement, reflecting various competing phases in the ET sheets.
CYTOKINE RESPONSE PATTERN IN SWEET'S SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH MYELODYSPLASIA

We read with great interest the paper about cytokines in Sweet's syndrome by Reuss-Boost et a l ( l993) . Recently we have treated a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and Sweet's syndrome. The patient was a 61year-old male who suffered a myocardial infarction in April 1990. From March 1993 he gradually lost weight and his general condition worsened. He was admitted to a local hospital in April 1993. Physical examination showed a temperature of 37.8"C and in the middle of his scalp he had small erythematous plaques. Haemoglobin level was 12.8 g/dl, white cell count was 10 x 109/1 with normal neutrophils, and platelet count was 60 x 109/l. Marrow examination showed increased cellularity with 10% normoblastic erythropoiesis. There were moderate signs of dysmyelopoiesis including pseudo-Pelger-Hiiet cells and hypogranulation, 1 7% myeloblasts and presence of mononuclear megakaryocytes. By iron staining, less than 15% ring sideroblasts were identified. Cytogenetic analysis did not show any abnormal mitosis. Myelodysplasia (refractory anaemia with excess of blasts) was diagnosed. From the middle of ApriI he suffered from high remittent fever up to 40°C. At the same time, sharply demarcated, raised, tender erythematous skin lesions developed on the face, proximal parts of truncus, and upper extremities. Autoantibodies were not detected and cultures from blood and urine were negative. immunoglobulins were normal, and serological examination for viral agents was negative. He received three courses of antibiotic treatment without any effect. A skin biopsy revealed dense infiltration of polymorph neutrophils without any sign of vasculitis. Sweet's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical picture, bacteriological and immunological examination, and biopsy. Prednisone 60mg/d per 0s was started on 5 May 1993 and this improved his general condition and skin lesions except for a lesion on his right arm. A new skin biopsy from this lesion showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis, and he received methyl prednisolone 0.5 g daily intravenously for
Decline in Proliferation and Immature Neuron Markers in the Human Subependymal Zone during Aging: Relationship to EGF- and FGF-Related Transcripts

Neuroblasts exist within the human subependymal zone (SEZ); however, it is debated to what extent neurogenesis changes during normal aging. It is also unknown how precursor proliferation may correlate with the generation of neuronal and glial cells or how expression of growth factors and receptors may change throughout the adult lifespan. We found evidence of dividing cells in the human SEZ (n D 50) in conjunction with a dramatic age-related decline (21-103 years) of mRNAs indicative of proliferating cells (Ki67) and immature neurons (doublecortin). Microglia mRNA (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) increased during aging, whereas transcript levels of stem/precursor cells (glial fibrillary acidic protein delta and achaete-scute homolog 1), astrocytes (vimentin and pan-glial fibrillary acidic protein), and oligodendrocytes (oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2) remained stable. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) mRNAs increased throughout adulthood, while transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), EGF, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNAs were unchanged across adulthood. Cell proliferation mRNA positively correlated with FGFR1 transcripts. Immature neuron and oligodendrocyte marker expression positively correlated with TGFα and ErbB4 mRNAs, whilst astrocyte transcripts positively correlated with EGF, FGF2, and FGFR1 mRNAs. Microglia mRNA positively correlated with EGF and FGF2 expression. Our findings indicate that neurogenesis in the human SEZ continues well into adulthood, although proliferation and neuronal differentiation may decline across adulthood. We suggest that mRNA expression of EGF- and FGF-related family members do not become limited during aging and may modulate neuronal and glial fate determination in the SEZ throughout human life.
Implementation of a fast fluid dynamics model in OpenFOAM for simulating indoor airflow

ABSTRACT This study implemented fast fluid dynamics (FFD) in Open Field Operation and Manipulation and used a local searching method that made the FFD solver applicable to unstructured meshes. Because the split scheme used in FFD is not conservative, this investigation developed a combined scheme that used a split scheme for the continuity and momentum equations and an iterative scheme for scalar equations. The combined scheme ensures conservation of the scalars. This investigation used two two-dimensional cases and one three-dimensional case, with the experimental data, to test the FFD solver. The predicted results were similar with different types of mesh and numerical scheme and agreed in general with the experimental data.
Study of the relationship between the aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and the rating of perceived exertion based on the measurement of heart beat in the metal industries Esfahan

Background and Objective: To establish a balance between work (physical exercise) and human beings, the aerobic capacity (VO2 max) could be used as a measure. Additionally, the subjective and physiological assessment could be applied as one of the methods for assessing physical exercise. The most commonly used tools for the assessment of fatigue during physical exercise include the Borg scale Rating of perceived Exertion (RPE) in relation to subjective symptoms and heart rate (HR) in relation to physiological symptoms. The study is aimed to investigate the relationship between the aerobic capacity and the RPE based on the measurement of heat rate (HR) of workers from the Metal Industries of Isfahan. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 200 male workers from metal components manufacturers in Isfahan selected by using random sampling based on statistic method. The subjects were examined by using ergometer in accordance with A strand 6 minutes cycle test protocol. Furthermore, the subjects were asked to rate their status based on the Borg rating scale at the end of each minute. Additionally, their heat rates were monitored and recorded automatically at the end of each minutes. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the RPE and the aerobic capacity (VO2 max) (r = –0.904, P < 0.05). The results illustrated that there was a stronger correlation between HR and VO2 max (r = 0.991, P < 0.001). The regression analysis of the quadratic equation also indicated that there was also a significant relationship between the VO2 max and HR. Conclusions: The results indicated that there was a strong relationship between the RPE and VO2 max, as well as a greater correlation between HR and VO2 max. Therefore, the HR could be used as a Prediction measure to estimate VO2 max.
A comparison of hashing schemes for address lookup in computer networks

Using a trace of address references, the author compares the efficiency of several different hashing functions such as cyclic redundancy checking polynomials, Fletcher checksum, folding of address octets using the exclusive-OR operation, and bit extraction from the address. Guidelines are provided for determining the size of hash masks required to achieve a specified level of performance. >
Presence of Human Papilloma Virus in a Series of Breast Carcinoma from Argentina

Background The etiology and the molecular mechanisms related to breast carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Some recent reports have examined the role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer. Methods Sixty one fresh frozen breast cancers samples were analyzed. Samples were tested for HPV by PCR, and products were automatically sequenced. Findings were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics. Results The HPV DNA prevalence in the breast cancer samples was 26% (16/61). Clinical parameters were not statistically associated with HPV presence (p>0.05 χ2 test). Sequence analysis in a subgroup of cases indicates the prevalence of low risk HPV11, followed by high risk HPV16. We found no HPV transcriptional activity. Conclusion The present study demonstrated for the first time in Argentina the presence of HPV in a proportion of the malignant breast tissues. This finding suggests that HPV may have a biological significance in breast carcinogenesis.
Plasma Metabolites Predict Severity of Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Psychiatric Patients-A Multicenter Pilot Analysis

Evaluating the severity of depression (SOD), especially suicidal ideation (SI), is crucial in the treatment of not only patients with mood disorders but also psychiatric patients in general. SOD has been assessed on interviews such as the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD)-17, and/or self-administered questionnaires such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. However, these evaluation systems have relied on a person’s subjective information, which sometimes lead to difficulties in clinical settings. To resolve this limitation, a more objective SOD evaluation system is needed. Herein, we collected clinical data including HAMD-17/PHQ-9 and blood plasma of psychiatric patients from three independent clinical centers. We performed metabolome analysis of blood plasma using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and 123 metabolites were detected. Interestingly, five plasma metabolites (3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), betaine, citrate, creatinine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) are commonly associated with SOD in all three independent cohort sets regardless of the presence or absence of medication and diagnostic difference. In addition, we have shown several metabolites are independently associated with sub-symptoms of depression including SI. We successfully created a classification model to discriminate depressive patients with or without SI by machine learning technique. Finally, we produced a pilot algorithm to predict a grade of SI with citrate and kynurenine. The above metabolites may have strongly been associated with the underlying novel biological pathophysiology of SOD. We should explore the biological impact of these metabolites on depressive symptoms by utilizing a cross species study model with human and rodents. The present multicenter pilot study offers a potential utility for measuring blood metabolites as a novel objective tool for not only assessing SOD but also evaluating therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice. In addition, modification of these metabolites by diet and/or medications may be a novel therapeutic target for depression. To clarify these aspects, clinical trials measuring metabolites before/after interventions should be conducted. Larger cohort studies including non-clinical subjects are also warranted to clarify our pilot findings.
Should the word ‘dementia’ be forgotten?

…Last scene of all, That ends thus strange eventful history, Is second childishness, and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. W. Shakespeare, As You Like It. About two years ago, D. L. Trachtenberg, the caregiver of a female patient with progressive cognitive impairment due to a neurodegen-erative disorder, and J. one of the leading researchers in neurodegenerative disorders, presented a rationale for the elimination of the pejorative and harmful word dementia as a diagnostic term widely used in medicine and science. They offered a more meaningful and non-stigmatizing terminology, e.g. to change the meaning of frontotemporal dementia to frontotemporal disease [1]. This proposal appears meaningful and appropriate in order to avoid stigmatization of the complex disorders causing cognitive disorders for patients, caregivers and physicians. However, as frequently in science and everyday life, it will be different to eradicate/eliminate a word widely used in both scientific/medical and lay language, since this term is widely fixed in the mind of people. The following statement will briefly discuss the pros and cons related to this problem. The term 'dementia' (ICD 10. F 00–F 07), originating from the Latin word 'demens', originally meaning 'madness' from de-'with-out' mens (meaning senseless or 'being out of one's mind'), is not a specific disorder or disease, but a description for a syndrome (group of symptoms) associated with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive/intellectual functions that are severe enough to interfere with the tasks of daily life, lasting more than 6 months, but not present since birth, and not associated with loss of consciousness [2, 3]. Similar definitions are to be found in several encyclopaedias [4–7]. Lishman defined dementia as 'an acquired global impairment of intellect, memory, and personality, but without impairment of consciousness' [8], while, according to others, it is an acquired, persistent, more or less global impairment of intellectual, emotional, conative and cognitive functions due to biochemical or diffuse structural disease of the brain, occurring in the alert state and leading to functional incapacity [9]. The word dementia was first used in the modern sense by the French psychiatrist Pinel, before which time it was taken to mean all kinds of mental disease. The German psychiatrist Kraepelin later distinguished the schizophrenias and depressive reactions, while keeping the word dementia as their prefix [9]. Definition of dementia varies. It has recently been redefined as the differential manifestation of deteriorating brain functions overtime as …
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: radiographic and CT findings in 12 patients.

PURPOSE To determine the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings and clinical features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chest radiographic and CT findings and clinical features of 12 histopathologically proved mucoepidermoid carcinomas in 12 consecutive patients (five male, seven female; age range, 9-72 years; mean age, 36 years) were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The tumors were located at the distal trachea (n = 1) or at a main (n = 2), lobar (n = 1), or segmental (n = 8) bronchus. On chest radiographs, the tumors appeared as central masses with post-obstructive pneumonia or peripheral atelectasis in four patients and as solitary pulmonary or endotracheobronchial nodules in eight. At CT, the tumors were all smoothly oval (n = 6) or lobulated (n = 6) in shape (ranging 9-40 mm in diameter), adapting to the branching features of the airways. Punctate calcification within the tumor was seen in six patients. Neither metastasis nor recurrence was seen after the surgical resection (follow-up of 8-103 months; mean, 30 months). CONCLUSION Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree, usually located in a segmental bronchus, appears at CT as a smoothly oval or lobulated airway mass. It adapts to the branching features of the airways.
Are episodic memories special? On the sameness of remembered and imagined event simulation

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, episodic memory has been reconceptualised as future-oriented. In 2007, Schacter and I proposed the ‘constructive episodic simulation hypothesis’ to account for emerging findings that past and future thinking share overlapping cognitive and neural substrates, arguing that the constructive nature of episodic memory provides the perfect neurocognitive architecture for future simulation. Here, I update and refine this theoretical position, arguing that, fundamentally, episodic memories are not special. I shift the emphasis from conceptualising memory as the basis of imagination, instead proposing that both are instantiations of the same constructive simulation process. I synthesise emerging neuroscientific perspectives to show how the brain’s default mode network underpins the remembering, imagining and perception of event representations via a common simulation process that is constructive and iterative, involving the interaction of pre-existing knowledge and reinstated perceptual content with incoming experiential information to create and refine online mental simulations of experience. Donna Rose Addis.
An LC-DCO based synthesizable injection-locked PLL with an FoM of −250.3dB

This paper presents an LC-DCO based synthesizable injection-locked all-digital phase-locked loop. The superior noise performance of the LC-DCO enables the proposed synthesizable PLL to achieve top performance among the existing designs. Fabricated in a 65nm digital CMOS process, the chip occupies a core area of 0.12mm2. The measured integrated jitter is 0.142ps at a carrier of 3.0GHz while consuming a power of 4.6mW under 1V power supply. It achieves a figure of merit (FoM) of -250.3dB, which is the best for the synthesized PLL so far to the best knowledge of the authors.
Motion-aware temporal coherence for video resizing

Temporal coherence is crucial in content-aware video retargeting. To date, this problem has been addressed by constraining temporally adjacent pixels to be transformed coherently. However, due to the motion-oblivious nature of this simple constraint, the retargeted videos often exhibit flickering or waving artifacts, especially when significant camera or object motions are involved. Since the feature correspondence across frames varies spatially with both camera and object motion, motion-aware treatment of features is required for video resizing. This motivated us to align consecutive frames by estimating interframe camera motion and to constrain relative positions in the aligned frames. To preserve object motion, we detect distinct moving areas of objects across multiple frames and constrain each of them to be resized consistently. We build a complete video resizing framework by incorporating our motion-aware constraints with an adaptation of the scale-and-stretch optimization recently proposed by Wang and colleagues. Our streaming implementation of the framework allows efficient resizing of long video sequences with low memory cost. Experiments demonstrate that our method produces spatiotemporally coherent retargeting results even for challenging examples with complex camera and object motion, which are difficult to handle with previous techniques.
Predicted Trans-Acting siRNAs in the Human Brain

Endogenous small non-coding RNAs play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Many studies have investigated the function and molecular mechanism of microRNAs in the development and disease of various organisms via mRNA repression of protein-coding genes. Recent findings indicate microRNAs might trigger the generation of trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). The interaction among different types of small RNA molecules reveals an even more complicated and elaborate pattern of RNA regulation during gene expression than previously thought. We developed a method for mining ta-siRNA sequences and evaluated the performance of our novel method using data from Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, using small RNA and degradome data for the human brain, we identified 155 small RNAs that satisfied ta-siRNA characteristics. The DRAXIN and ATCAY genes, which are preferentially expressed in the human brain, were predicted to be the targets of 12 potential ta-siRNAs.