Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rumination and Suicide Ideation among Chinese Working Women: Moderating Role of Hope

Objective: To explore the moderating role of hope between rumination and suicide ideation among working women. Methods: A survey was conducted in a sample of 473 Chinese working women. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire including the Chinese version of Rumination Response Scale(RRS), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale(ADHS) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation(BSI). Results: ①The rumination was positively correlated with suicide ideation, while hope was negatively correlated with suicide ideation. ②Hope played a moderating role between rumination(including brooding and reflection), and suicide ideation among working women. Conclusion: Hope has a moderating role on the relationship between rumination and suicide ideation.
Rural-urban Disparity and Sectoral Labor Allocation in China Rural-urban Disparity and Sectoral Labor Allocation in China Rural-urban Disparity and Sectoral Labor Allocation in China Rural-urban Disparity and Sectoral Labor Allocation in China

This paper examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which the rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978-85, but then have continually increased historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labor productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles for an efficient sectoral allocation of labor have prevented China from eliminating dualism. The recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects biased against the rural sector. Abstract This paper examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which the rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978-85, but then have continually increased to historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labor productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles for an efficient sectoral allocation of labor have prevented China from eliminating dualism. The recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects biased against the rural sector. 1 Riskin (1987) have documented the origin and the features of the Chinese dualistic economic structure. Johnson (1990) and Putterman (1992) discussed the sectoral economic development in light of recent economic reforms. In 1978, the urban sector employed 95 million workers while the rural sector had approximately 2 306.4 million labor force (see Table 6). In contrast, the total value of fixed assets in the state-owned enterprises (primarily urban) counted for 448.82 billion yuan while the value of the fixed assets in agriculture was only about 94.98 billion yuan (SSB 1993; Perkins and Yusuf 1984). These numbers indicate a ratio of 3.2:1 in labor and 1:4.7 in capital between the rural and urban sectors.
The Use of Academic Social Networks Among Arab Researchers

This study investigates Arab researchers’ attitudes and perceptions toward the use of academic social networks (ASNs), with a sharp topical focus on the ResearchGate (RG) network. From six Arab universities, a sample of 2,991 Arab researchers was invited to participate in the survey. The research instrument was a web-based questionnaire. In total, 315 participants filled out the questionnaire. The study reveals that three quarters of the respondents use ASNs to share publications, and most researchers subscribed to more than one ASN, but RG was the most frequently used one. Academic discipline appears to play a role in defining Arab researchers within RG, as the majority of them were from the pure and applied sciences.
Isochromosome 17q in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), presence of acquired cytogenetic abnormalities may help to estimate prognosis. However, deletion of TP53 gene, which is associated with an aggressive course of the disease and poor prognosis along with a lack of response to treatment, is one of the alterations which may escape cytogenetic diagnoses in CLL. Thus, other techniques have emerged such as interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH). Deletion of TP53 may but must not go together with the formation of an isochromosome i(17q); surprisingly this subgroup of patients was not in the focus of CLL studies yet. This study was about if presence of i(17q) could be indicative for a new subgroup in CLL with more adverse prognosis. As a result, TP53 deletion was detected in 18 out of 150 (12%) here studied CLL cases. Six of those cases (~33%) had the TP53 deletion accompanied by an i(17q). Interestingly, the cases with i(17q) showed a tendency towards more associated chromosomal aberrations. These findings may be the bases for follow-up studies in CLL patients with TP53 deletion with and without i(17q); it may be suggested that the i(17q) presents an even more adverse prognostic marker than TP53 deletion alone.
Modulation of TNF-α mRNA stability by human antigen R and miR181s in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis

Immunoparalysis is an important pathological mechanism in sepsis. However, an effective small molecule therapy is lacking. Here, we show that ouabain, a Na+,K+‐ATPase ligand, can reverse immunoparalysis in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Notably, the effect of ouabain was critically dependent on TNF‐α expression. However, ouabain had opposing effects on the stability of TNF‐α mRNA: Ouabain triggered miR‐181 transcription, which promoted TNF‐α mRNA degradation and induced immunoparalysis, and ouabain triggered the nuclear export of human antigen R (HuR), which stabilized TNF‐α mRNA and suppressed immuno‐paralysis. Interestingly, because the miR‐181 binding site is located within the HuR binding site in the 3′‐untranslated region of TNF‐α, in ouabain‐treated cells, HuR competed with miR‐181 for binding to TNF‐α mRNA and recruited TNF‐α mRNA to stress granules, thereby stabilizing TNF‐α mRNA and reversing immunoparalysis. Ouabain also induced GM‐CSF and interferon‐γ expression in a HuR‐dependent manner. Hence, the fine‐tuning of TNF‐α mRNA stability by HuR and miR181 plays a crucial role in immunoparalysis, and Na+,K+‐ATPase ligands are promising agents for immunoparalysis therapy.
Inhibition of the JNK signalling pathway enhances proteasome inhibitor‐induced apoptosis of kidney cancer cells by suppression of BAG3 expression

Background and purpose: Proteasome inhibitors represent a novel class of anti‐tumour agents that have clinical efficacy against haematological and solid cancers. The anti‐apoptotic protein BAG3 is a member of the Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene family. We have previously shown that BAG3 is up‐regulated after exposure to proteasome inhibitors and that inhibition of BAG3 sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. However, the mechanisms by which proteasome inhibition induced BAG3 expression remained unclear and the present experiments were designed to elucidate these mechanisms.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis: role of (18)F-FDG PET.

UNLABELLED Peritoneal carcinomatosis can be difficult to diagnose, as CT is insensitive, with peritoneal biopsy and lavage often subject to problems of sampling error. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of (18)F-FDG PET in detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with stomach, ovarian, and adrenal cancer and mesothelioma and to compare the results with CT scans in the same patient group. Our secondary aim was to identify characteristic patterns of abdominal (18)F-FDG uptake in biopsy-proven peritoneal disease and to correlate these patterns with available histologic and anatomic findings after surgery and structural imaging. METHODS The medical records of 88 patients with stomach (n = 48), ovarian (n = 13), and adrenal cancer (n = 6) and mesothelioma (n = 21) were reviewed for the presence of peritoneal tumor on (18)F-FDG PET and CT scans. The results were correlated with either contemporaneous peritoneal biopsy or ascitic aspirate or with radiographic or clinical follow-up if histology was negative or unavailable. Of 24 patients with suspected peritoneal tumor, 17 had biopsy-proven findings of peritoneal disease. RESULTS Of the 24 patients with suspected peritoneal tumor, (18)F-FDG PET was positive in 14 patients, with 1 of these scans being false-positive, CT was positive in 10 patients, and either PET or CT was positive in 18 patients. This yielded sensitivities of 57% (13/23), 42% (10/23), and 78% (18/23), with uniformly high positive predictive values of 93% (13/14), 100% (10/10), and 95% (18/19), respectively. We identified 2 distinctly abnormal scintigraphic patterns of focal and uniform (18)F-FDG uptake corresponding to nodular and diffuse peritoneal disease on pathologic examination. CONCLUSION (18)F-FDG PET adds to conventional imaging in the staging of peritoneal carcinomatosis. It is also a useful diagnostic tool when peritoneal biopsy is either unavailable or inappropriate. We have identified 2 distinct scintigraphic patterns that appear to predict the presence of either nodular or diffuse peritoneal pathology.
Raising Pragmatic Awareness through Teacher Illocutionary Acts

This case study is a pedagogical intervention in the teaching of pragmatics in the Greek EFL classroom, aiming to redefine the classroom as a curricular space (Graves 2008), exploring it as a source of input in order to raise students’ pragmatic awareness. The theoretical assumption is that explicit pragmatic awareness on the part of students will enhance the overall learning process. In this study, particular emphasis is placed on the illocutionary force of teacher questions. Adopting the framework of Exploratory Practice, it takes the notion of research as a supportive rather than as a parasitic activity (Allwright 2005), thus carrying out research via normal classroom activities, engaging 22 upper-intermediate students as co-researchers. Data collection was carried out by monitoring lessons (video-recording and reflective lesson plans), reflecting on students’ choices, and reflecting on students’ reflections. The findings of this study are positive, even if preliminary, corroborating our working hypothesis that we can raise learners’ pragmatic awareness on condition that we adhere to Austin’s suggested moral to “engage in elucidating the total speech act in the total speech situation” (1962: 147).
Effective Learning Environment Characteristics as a Requirement of Constructivist Curricula: Teachers' Needs and School Principals' Views.

The purpose of this study is to determine elementary school teachers’ and school principals’ views on physical learning environments of schools where teachers are expected to implement the constructivist philosophy/approach. In this qualitative study, the researcher interviewed 48 elementary school teachers and 6 school administrators working in Uşak, Turkey. The qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed through coding-based content analysis. The data collected from 7 participants (5 teachers and 2 administrators) were analyzed by three researchers and the rest were analyzed by the author. At the end of the study, problematic coding was discussed by the same three researchers again and codes were discussed with some (n= 4) participants as well. That is, participants’ approvals related to the results were obtained from 3 teachers and 1 administrator. The findings showed that teachers’ common demands were special classrooms in order to design their classes because they want to implement constructivism. Separate English Language Classrooms with audio-visual materials; Turkish Classrooms with books, visual materials, a computer with projector and internet connection, and bulletin boards; Science and Technology Classes with laboratories, disposable materials and visual materials; Mathematics Classes with smart board, broad storages, and mathematical materials were demanded by the participants.
Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on hippocampal cells prenatally exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields

Abstract Purpose: Adverse effects on human health caused by electromagnetic fields (EMF) associated with the use of mobile phones, particularly among young people, are increasing all the time. The potential deleterious effects of EMF exposure resulting from mobile phones being used in close proximity to the brain require particular evaluation. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to EMF in the development of the pyramidal cells using melatonin (MEL) and omega-3 (ω-3). Materials and methods: We established seven groups of pregnant rats consisting of three animals each; control (CONT), SHAM, EMF, EMF + MEL, MEL, EMF + ω-3 and ω-3 alone. The rats in the EMF, EMF + MEL, EMF + ω-3 groups were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 60 min/day in an exposure tube during the gestation period. The CONT, MEL and ω-3 group rats were not placed inside the exposure tube or exposed to EMF during the study period. After delivery, only spontaneously delivered male rat pups were selected for the establishment of further groups. Each group of offspring consisted of six animals. The optical fractionator technique was used to determine total pyramidal neuron numbers in the rat hippocampal region. Results: The total number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the CONT, SHAM, EMF + MEL, and EMF + ω-3 groups. No significant difference was observed between the EMF, MEL and ω-3 groups. No difference was also observed between any groups in terms of rats’ body or brain weights. Conclusion: MEL and ω-3 can protect the cell against neuronal damage in the hippocampus induced by 900 MHz EMF. However, further studies are now needed to evaluate the chronic effects of 900 MHz EMF on the brain in the prenatal period.
Trends and Predictors of Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers in Men and Women With HIV Infection: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study Before and After the Introduction of HAART

Background:The incidence of non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in HIV-positive patients has increased over recent years. Most studies of the risk and spectrum of NADCs are primarily based on male populations, and only a few have provided specific information regarding females. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed all incident NADCs occurring in a cohort of HIV-positive patients followed up between 1985 and 2011. Incidence rates before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were examined using Poisson regression models. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to compare the cancer risk of HIV-infected subjects with that of the age- and gender-matched general population as estimated by the Milan Cancer Registry. Results:Five thousand nine hundred twenty-four patients (4382 men and 1542 women) contributed 50,990 person-years to the follow-up. Among them, 144 had new NADC diagnosis. The overall incidence increased from 1.0 case/1000 person-years in the pre-HAART period to 4.5 cases/1000 person-years in the HAART period (P < 0.01). In women, the risks were higher than expected in the case of cancer of the vulva (SIR = 69.2), Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 7.5), anal cancer (SIR = 41.2), and lung cancer (SIR = 4.8). In men, the risks were higher than expected in the case of anal cancer (SIR = 91.5), Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 13.0), tonsil cancer (SIR = 10.9), lung cancer (SIR = 2.1), and liver cancer (SIR = 7.1). Conclusions:The spectrum and incidence of NADCs in our cohort increased over time. The incidence of NADCs, especially virus- and smoking-associated cancers, was significantly higher than expected in HIV-positive men and women.
Women's knowledge and perceptions of malaria and use of malaria vector control interventions in Kersa, eastern Ethiopia

Background Ethiopia has a long history of controlling malaria using vector control tools. Community knowledge and perceptions of malaria and use of malaria vector control interventions vary. Objective The aim of this study was to determine malaria-related knowledge and perceptions among women and to determine the use of malaria vector control interventions, mainly indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), among households in Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kersa Demographic Surveillance and Health Research Center (KDS-HRC) site from October to November 2010. A total of 2,867 households were involved in the study. The data was collected via face-to-face interviews with the women of the household using a pre-tested questionnaire. The questionnaire contained closed, semiclosed, and open-ended questions to explore the reasons for non-use of the interventions. Each knowledge, perception, and practice question was analyzed separately. Results Of the total women, 2,463 (85.9%) had heard of malaria. Of them, 1,413 (57.4%) mentioned malaria as a communicable disease. But, only 793 (56.1%) of them associated mosquito bites with malaria transmission. Seven hundred and ninety-eight of the respondents (27.8%) had IRS coverage, and of these, 59 (7.4%) had re-plastered their interior walls following the application of insecticides. Of net-owning households, 33.5% had used at least one long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) the night before the survey. Societal reasons such as holy days and dislike of the insecticide mainly due to fear of its effects on their livestock, were the main reasons for re-spondents replastering their walls. Conclusions A substantial number of women had heard about malaria, but there was a knowledge gap regarding the route of malaria transmission. Less than one-third of the surveyed household houses were sprayed with insecticides, and a low proportion of net-owning households actually used their nets. Efforts must be made to ensure the correct channeling of information about malaria, particularly regarding the importance of using malaria vector control interventions. Furthermore, to maximize the benefit of the intervention in the district, IRC coverage and LLIN use need to be stronger.
An exploration of the lived experiences of Year Six children on a residential trip to Normandy

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, a plethora of research has been undertaken into learning outside the classroom and its resultant benefits on pupils [Dillon, J., M. Rickinson, K. Teamey, M. Morris, M. Y. Choi, D. Sanders, and P. Benefield. 2006. “The Value of Outdoor Learning: Evidence from Research in the UK and Elsewhere. ” School Science Review 87 (320): 107–111; Peacock, A. 2006. Changing Minds: The Lasting Impact of School Trips. University of Exeter; Malone, K. 2008. Every Experience Matters. Farming and Countryside Education; Waite, S. 2011. Children Learning Outside the Classroom from Birth to Eleven. London: Sage; Beames, S. , P. Higgins, and R. Nicol. 2012. Learning Outside the Classroom: Theory Guidelines and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge). Despite this wealth of research very little has been conducted into residential field trips. The research carried out in this study focuses specifically on exploring the residential experience of a group of 10- and 11-year-old children from a junior school in the UK who participated in a one-week residential field trip to Normandy, France, staying in a Chateau and undertaking both cultural and historical activities. The findings reveal what children can gain from participating in such an experience.
Use of catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitors to probe mechanisms of chemical‐induced clastogenicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells

Determination of the clastogenic potential of new chemical entities, particularly pharmaceuticals, is an important part of the overall safety assessment of such drugs. It is appreciated that clastogenicity can arise from perturbation of many different cellular processes distinct from direct DNA/drug interactions. One such alternative clastogenic process is inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II, during which process the topoisomerase/DNA/drug ternary complex forms stable DNA double‐strand breaks (cleavable complex), which become templates for recombinational, mutagenic, and chromosomal fragmentation events. Without extensive experimentation, it is generally not possible to distinguish clastogenicity arising from direct drug/DNA interaction from that arising from inhibition of topoisomerase II. In the present investigation, we demonstrate that specific catalytic inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II reduce the clastogenicity of topoisomerase poisons but not that arising via non‐topoisomerase‐dependent mechanisms. In particular, it is shown that catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitors such as chloroquine, sodium azide, and A‐74932, as well as certain intercalating agents such as 9‐aminoacridine and ethidium bromide, strongly antagonize the formation of micronuclei induced by the DNA gyrase inhibitor clinafloxacin and the antitumor topoisomerase II poison etoposide. These catalytic inhibitors are also shown to antagonize the clastogenicity of experimental compounds and novel pharmaceuticals presumed to be DNA intercalating agents by virtue of their response in a cell‐based bleomycin amplification assay. We extend our previous hypothesis, suggesting that the clastogenicity of some nonstructurally alerting drugs may be due to an as yet unappreciated propensity for DNA intercalation. It is further proposed that intercalation‐dependent inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II may be responsible for this clastogenicity and that this may be detected in intact mammalian cells with the use of catalytic topoisomerase inhibitors. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35:13–21, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Ascending Price Auction for Producer-Consumer Economy

We propose a simultaneous ascending auction mechanism for a producer-consumer economy. A producer-consumer economy comprises of producers, consumers and several types of items. Each producer can produce at most one unit of an item and each consumer wants to consume at most one unit of an item. Each producer’s cost of producing each type of item and the valuations of these items by the consumers are private and known to them. For our mechanism we propose simple strategies for producers and consumers which if followed will lead to a nearly efficient allocation. We study the incentive properties of these strategies. Further we show, under certain conditions, if producers and consumers follow these strategies, final prices of our mechanism will converge close to a uniquely defined competitive equilibrium price.
Salmonella enterica Strains Lacking the Frataxin Homolog CyaY Show Defects in Fe-S Cluster Metabolism In Vivo

ABSTRACT In Salmonella enterica, the isc operon contains genes necessary for the synthesis of Fe-S clusters and strains lacking this operon have severe defects in a variety of cellular processes. Other cellular loci that impact Fe-S cluster synthesis to a lesser extent have been described. The cyaY locus encodes a frataxin homolog, and it is shown here that lesions in this locus affect Fe-S cluster metabolism. When present in combination with other lesions, mutations in cyaY can result in a strain with more severe defects than those lacking the isc locus.