Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creating a mobile web application platform: the lively kernel experiences

The software industry is currently in the middle of two transitions -- towards web-based software and towards web-enabled mobile devices. In this paper, we summarize our experiences in porting the Sun Labs Lively Kernel - an interactive web programming environment developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories - onto a Nokia N810 mobile device. We report our experiences based on two different approaches that were used. First, we ported the system onto a regular web browser running in the mobile device. Second, we developed a custom-built native execution environment that provides more direct and extensive access to the underlying resources of the system. Based on these experiments, we will discuss the lessons learned as well as provide directions and guidance for future work.
Gene expression pattern The putative Drosophila methyltransferase gene dDnmt 2 is contained in a transposon-like element and is expressed speci ® cally in ovaries

Several organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster, are apparently devoid of DNA methylation. This might re ̄ect a highly restricted activity of DNA methyltransferases, a loss of methyltransferase activity during evolution or the dispensability of DNA methylation due to an ef®cient substitute mechanism. Vestiges of a Drosophila DNA methylation system have been identi®ed recently. We show here that the putative DNA methyltransferase gene, dDnmt2, is the component of a transposon-like element. This element also contains a second, novel open reading frame with homologies to a yeast protein involved in RNA processing. Both open reading frames are coordinately expressed and transcripts are present speci®cally in ovarian nurse cells as well as during early stages of embryonic development. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Analyst Forecasts During Earnings Announcements on Investor Responses to Reported Earnings

ABSTRACT: Despite the increased frequency of analyst forecasts during earnings announcements, empirical evidence on the interaction between the information in the earnings announcement and these forecasts is limited. We examine the implications of reinforcing and contradicting analyst forecast revisions issued during earnings announcements (days 0 and +1) on the market response to unexpected earnings. We classify forecast revisions as reinforcing (contradicting) when the sign of analyst forecast revisions agrees (disagrees) with the sign of unexpected earnings. We document larger (smaller) earnings response coefficients for announcements accompanied by reinforcing (contradicting) analyst forecast revisions. Analyses of management forecasts suggest that analyst revisions and management forecasts convey complementary information. Cross-sectional tests show that investors react more to earnings announcements accompanied by analyst forecast revisions when there is greater consensus among analysts (lower dispe.
“Where are My People At?”: A Community Cultural Wealth Analysis of How Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community College Students of Color Access Community and Support

ABSTRACT Previous studies about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and similarly-identified (LGBTQ+) college students have overwhelmingly centered White students and students attending four-year institutions. However, the literature suggests that community colleges – which tend to enroll higher percentages of students from minoritized racial and ethnic groups – may provide fewer LGBTQ+-specific resources to students than four-year institutions. Using community cultural wealth as a conceptual framework, this case study explored the experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual Students of Color attending a community college in accessing community and support. Specifically, I sought to understand how these experiences connected to participants‘ use of cultural capital. For this study, I conducted interviews with seven self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual Students of Color. Data analysis was guided by attention to the forms of cultural capital participants used in accessing community and support. Findings from the study describe how participants used social capital and navigational capital to access community, support, and needed resources. I conclude with specific recommendations for community college practices.
Conserving energy in real-time storage systems with I/O burstiness

Energy conservation has become a critical problem for real-time embedded storage systems. Although a variety of approaches for reducing energy consumption have been extensively studied, energy conservation for real-time embedded storage systems is still an open problem. In this article, we propose an energy management strategy, I/O Burstiness for Energy Conservation (IBEC), exploiting the burstiness of real-time embedded storage systems applications. Our approach aims at combining the IBEC energy-management strategy with a Linux-based disk block-scheduling mechanism to conserve the energy of storage systems. Extensive experiments are conducted involving a number of synthetic disk traces as well as real-world data-intensive traces. To evaluate the energy efficiency of IBEC, we compare the performance of IBEC against three existing strategies, namely, PA-EDF, DP-EDF, and EDF. Compared with the alternative strategies, IBEC reduces the power consumption of real-time embedded disks system by up to 60%.
Image quality assessment for performance evaluation of image fusion

We present a novel approach on objective non-reference image fusion performance assessment. The Global-Local Image Quality Analysis (GLIQA) approach takes into account local measurements to estimate how well the important information in the source images is represented by the fused image. The metric is an extended version of the Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) and uses the similarity between blocks of pixels in the input images and the fused image as the weighting factors. When the difference of an image pixel in the input images and its correspondence in the fused image is larger than a threshold and difficult to assess the fusion quality, global measurements will be applied to assist the judgment. The global measurement metric considers a set of properties of human Gestalt visual perception, such as image structure, texture, and spectral signature, for image quality assessment. Preliminary study results confirm that the performance scores of the proposed metrics correlate well with the subjective quality of the fused images.
Are children better witnesses than adolescents? Developmental trends in different false memory paradigms

Abstract The current study compared older children’s (11/12-year-olds) and adolescents’ (14/15-year-olds) vulnerability to false memory creation using two different methods (i.e., the Deese/Roediger-McDermott [DRM] and memory conformity paradigms) involving neutral and negative stimuli. In line with previous research, a developmental reversal effect was found for the DRM paradigm, which means that when employing this method children displayed lower false memory levels than adolescents. However, when using the memory conformity paradigm, the opposite pattern was found, with adolescents forming fewer false memories than children. This indicates that in a co-witness context, adolescents are less prone to memory errors than children. The emotional valence of the stimuli used in both paradigms did not notably affect the production of false memories. There was no statistically significant correlation between false memories as measured by the DRM and the memory conformity paradigms. Altogether, the current study indicates that there is no single type of false memory as different experimental paradigms evoke different types of erroneous recollections. Additionally, our study corroborates past findings in the literature concerning the issue of developmental reversal, strengthening the idea that under certain circumstances children might indeed be better witnesses than adolescents.
Italian-German bilinguals: The effects of heritage language use on accent in early-acquired languages

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study investigates perceived accent in the two early-acquired languages of 21 adult-aged bilinguals with Italian as the heritage language (HL) and German as the majority language (ML). We test the relative ability of ‘age of onset (AoO) in German’ (range = 0–6 years) and ‘Italian use’ to predict perceived nativeness in Italian and German. Design/methodology/approach: Two accent rating experiments were carried out (one in each language) comparing the bilingual speech samples to those of monolingual and second language (L2) control groups. The samples were rated by German and Italian-speaking judges for foreign accent (‘yes’ or ‘no’) and for degree of certainty (‘certain, ‘semi-certain’, ‘uncertain’). Data and analysis: The effects of ‘AoO in German’ and ‘Italian Use’ (operationalized as an Italian Use Score) were analysed using correlational analyses and logistic regression. Findings/conclusions: Our results show that almost all bilinguals were indistinguishable from monolingual controls in German, and that their perceived accent in Italian lay somewhere between that of the monolingual and L2 controls. Based on regression analyses, we conclude that a later introduction of the ML has neither a negative effect on the ML itself, nor does it show up advantages in the HL. Instead, how native-like the heritage speakers (HSs) sound in the HL largely depends on HL use. No negative effects of HL use are found for German. Originality: We test a new population of Italian HSs in South Germany and compare these results to findings from other HS populations in Germany. Significance/implications: This study shows that, although it may be the case for child-aged bilinguals that introducing the ML earlier causes more phonological pressure on the HL, this effect seems to have disappeared by adulthood – at least with regards to perceived global accent. Also, accent in the HL depends on HL use across the lifespan.
Does cultural intelligence increase work engagement? The role of idiocentrism-allocentrism and organizational culture in MNCs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of cultural intelligence (CQ), idiocentrism-allocentrism and organizational culture on work engagement in a multinational organization from the perspective of conservation of resources theory. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 219 employees of a multinational company (MNC). Partial least squares–structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Findings The results suggest that CQ is positively related to work engagement and that this relationship is moderated by employees’ idiocentrism-allocentrism, as well as by the adaptability dimension of organizational culture. Research limitations/implications Greater generalizability of the findings could be achieved with a more geographically dispersed sample. Other cultural dimensions, as well as personal and organizational characteristics, should be considered in order to more clearly ascertain the relationships between these variables. Practical implications The findings suggest that CQ is a powerful tool for developing employee engagement within MNCs. Furthermore, a highly adaptive organizational culture and consideration of employees’ cultural values are important in order to enhance the effect of CQ on engagement. Originality/value This study identifies relevant resources that can aid in managing a diverse workforce and increasing employee engagement in companies that operate across national borders.
The ecophysiology of foliar anthocyanin

The accumulation of foliar anthocyanins can be consistently attributed to a small range of contexts. Foliar anthocyanin accumulates in young, expanding foliage, in autumnal foliage of deciduous species, in response to nutrient deficiency or ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, and in association with damage or defense against browsing herbivores or pathogenic fungal infection. A common thread through these causative factors is low photosynthetic capacity of foliage with accumulated anthocyanin relative to leaves at different ontogenetic stages or unaffected by the environmental factor in question.The ecophysiological function of anthocyanin has been hypothesized as: 1) a compatible solute contributing to osmotic adjustment to drought and frost stress; 2) an antioxidant; 3) a UV protectant; and 4) protection from visible light. Review of the internal leaf distribution of anthocyanin, of experimental evidence using seedlings, and of studies that directly investigated light absorption by anthocyanin and its development relative to recognized processes of photoprotection support the hypothesis that anthocyanins provide protection from visible light.
Absence of epidemic thresholds in a growing adaptive network

The structure of social contact networks strongly influences the dynamics of epidemic diseases. In particular the scale-free structure of real-world social networks allows unlikely diseases with low infection rates to spread and become endemic. However, in particular for potentially fatal diseases, also the impact of the disease on the social structure cannot be neglected, leading to a complex interplay. Here, we consider the growth of a network by preferential attachment from which nodes are simultaneously removed due to an SIR epidemic. We show that increased infectiousness increases the prevalence of the disease and simultaneously causes a transition from scale-free to exponential topology. Although a transition to a degree distribution with finite variance takes place, the network still exhibits no epidemic threshold in the thermodynamic limit. We illustrate these results using agent-based simulations and analytically tractable approximation schemes.
Tennis Play Intensity Distribution and Relation with Aerobic Fitness in Competitive Players

The aims of this study were (i) to describe the relative intensity of simulated tennis play based on the cumulative time spent in three metabolic intensity zones, and (ii) to determine the relationships between this play intensity distribution and the aerobic fitness of a group of competitive players. 20 male players of advanced to elite level (ITN) performed an incremental on-court specific endurance tennis test to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2). Ventilatory and gas exchange parameters were monitored using a telemetric portable gas analyser (K4 b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Two weeks later the participants played a simulated tennis set against an opponent of similar level. Intensity zones (1: low, 2: moderate, and 3: high) were delimited by the individual VO2 values corresponding to VT1 and VT2, and expressed as percentage of maximum VO2 and heart rate. When expressed relative to VO2max, percentage of playing time in zone 1 (77 ± 25%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in zone 2 (20 ± 21%) and zone 3 (3 ± 5%). Moderate to high positive correlations were found between VT1, VT2 and VO2max, and the percentage of playing time spent in zone 1 (r = 0.68–0.75), as well as low to high inverse correlations between the metabolic variables and the percentage of time spent in zone 2 and 3 (r = -0.49–0.75). Players with better aerobic fitness play at relatively lower intensities. We conclude that players spent more than 75% of the time in their low-intensity zone, with less than 25% of the time spent at moderate to high intensities. Aerobic fitness appears to determine the metabolic intensity that players can sustain throughout the game.
Breaking Tor Anonymity with Game Theory and Data Mining

Attacking anonymous communication networks is very tempting and many attacks have already been observed. We consider the case of Tor, a widely-used anonymous overlay network. Despite the deployment of several protection mechanisms, we propose an attack originated from only one rogue exit node. Our attack is composed of two elements. The first is an active tag injection scheme. The malicious exit node injects image tags into all HTTP replies, which will be cached for upcoming requests and allows different users to be distinguished. The second element is an inference attack that leverages a semi-supervised learning algorithm to reconstruct browsing sessions. Captured traffic flows are clustered into sessions, such that one session is most probably associated to a specific user. The clustering algorithm uses HTTP headers and logical dependencies encountered in a browsing session. We have implemented a prototype and evaluated its performance on the Tor network. The article also describes several counter-measures and advanced attacks, modeled in a game-theoretical framework and their relevancy assessed with reference to the Nash equilibrium.
The Mortality Associated with Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study

Background Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a debilitating multisystem disorder which complicates leprosy. It is characterised by fever, malaise and painful erythematous cutaneous nodules. ENL is often recurrent or chronic in nature and frequently severe. Patients often require prolonged treatment with high doses of oral corticosteroids. There are no data on the mortality associated with treated ENL. Methodology The notes of patients who were admitted, discharged, transferred to another facility or died with a diagnosis of leprosy or a leprosy-related complication for a five year period were reviewed. Result/Discussion 414 individuals were identified from the ward database. 312 (75.4%) patient records were located and reviewed. Ninety-nine individuals had ENL and 145 had a Type 1 reaction. The median age of individuals with ENLwas 25 years. Eight patients with erythema nodosum leprosum died compared with two diagnosed with Type 1 reaction. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0168, Fisher's Exact Test). There is a significant mortality and morbidity associated with ENL in this Ethiopian cohort. The adverse outcomes seen are largely attributable to the chronic administration of oral corticosteroids used to control the inflammatory and debilitating symptoms of the condition.
A direct algorithm for type inference in the rank-2 fragment of the second-order λ-calculus

We examine the problem of type inference for a family of polymorphic type systems containing the power of Core-ML. This family comprises the levels of the stratification of the second-order λ-calculus (system F) by “rank” of types. We show that typability is an undecidable problem at every rank k≥3. While it was already known that typability is decidable at rank 2, no direct and easy-to-implement algorithm was available. We develop a new notion of λ-term reduction and use it to prove that the problem of typability at rank 2 is reducible to the problem of acyclic semi-unification. We also describe a simple procedure for solving acyclic semi-unification. Issues related to principle types are discussed.
GSH Attenuates Organ Injury and Improves Function after Transplantation of Fatty Livers

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is increased after transplantation of steatotic livers. Since those livers are increasingly used for transplantation, protective strategies must be developed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in hepatic IRI. In lean organs, glutathione (GSH) is an efficient scavenger of ROS, diminishing IRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether GSH also protects steatotic allografts from IRI following transplantation. Fatty or lean livers were explanted from 10-week-old obese or lean Zucker rats and preserved (obese 4 h, lean 24 h) in hypothermic University of Wisconsin solution. Arterialized liver transplantation was then performed in lean syngeneic Zucker rats. Recipients of fatty livers were treated with GSH (200 µmol/h/kg) or saline during reperfusion (2 h, n = 5). Parameters of hepatocellular damage and bile flow were measured. Transplantation of steatotic livers enhanced early reperfusion injury compared to lean organs as measured by increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase plasma levels. Bile flow was also reduced in steatotic grafts. Intravenous administration of GSH effectively decreased liver damage in fatty allografts and resulted in improved bile flow. Intravenous application of GSH effectively reduces early IRI in steatotic allografts and improves recovery of these marginal donor organs following transplantation.
The Term Structures of Oil Futures Prices

The contents of this paper are the author's sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its Members. All rights resewed. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, This publication is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. In recent years, there has been a massive development of derivative financial products in oil markets. The main interest came from large energy end-users who found in them a welcome opportunity to lock in fixed or maximum prices for their supplies over a period of time. Oil companies and oil traders were able to provide tailor-made swaps or options for the specific needs of the end-users. It all started with refined petroleum product swaps traded only for short maturities. Soon after, a new interest in long-term swaps and options on crude oil emerged. At the same time, several financial institutions launched oil-linked bonds and option warrants. Most of these long-term instruments were based on the price of the West Texas Intermediate (wn) because of the liquidity of the futures and option contracts traded in the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). Unlike swaps on refined petroleum products, long-term instruments on crude oil raise complicated problems of pricing and hedging. The pricing of these sophisticated instruments can always be reduced to the determination of the term structures of futures prices and volatilities. The NYMEX, with its WTI contracts, and the International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), with its Brent contracts provide satisfactory mechanisms for the discovery of short-term prices and volatilities. But the discovery of futures prices and volatilities for maturities exceeding exchange-traded maturities is far more problematic. Market participants generally use basic extrapolations of the price and volatility curves. However, it would be preferable to construct a complete model of the term structures built on a few sensible hypotheses on oil markets. The resulting model could be used for longer maturities if validated by the movements of exchange-traded maturities. The theory of storage provides an interesting approach as it …