Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic helicity in primordial and dynamo scenarios of galaxies

Some common properties of helical magnetic fields in decayin g and driven turbulence are discussed. These include mainly the inverse cascade that produces fields on progressi vely larger scales. Magnetic helicity also restricts the ev olution of the large-scale field: the field decays less rapidly than a non -helical field, but it also saturates more slowly, i.e. on a re sistive time scale if there are no magnetic helicity fluxes. The forme r effect is utilized in primordial field scenarios, while the latter is important for successfully explaining astrophysical dy namos that saturate faster than resistively. Dynamo action is argued to be important not only in the galactic dynamo, but also in accretion discs in active galactic nuclei and around protosta rs, both of which contribute to producing a strong enough seed magnetic field. Although primordial magnetic fields may be too weak to compete with these astrophysical mechanisms, such fi elds could perhaps still be important in producing polarization effects in the cosmic background radiation.
Listening to teachers–listening to students: substantive conversations about resistance, empowerment and engagement

This article examines contemporary research and debates about pedagogies of engagement that challenge the traditional assumptions and understandings of engagement. Three contesting epistemological constructions of student engagement are identified and examined through the contesting and resisting voices of teachers and students. The article's research suggests that an empowering and resistant pedagogy can (re)conceive student engagement so that it achieves the twin goals of social justice and academic achievement.
Intervention for First Graders With Limited Number Knowledge

Replication studies are extremely rare in education. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a scale-up replication of Fuchs et al., which in a sample of 139 found a statistically significant positive impact for Number Rockets, a small-group intervention for at-risk first graders that focused on building understanding of number operations. The study was relatively small scale (one site) and highly controlled. This replication was implemented at a much larger scale—in 76 schools in four urban districts; 994 at-risk students participated. Intervention students participated in approximately 30 hours of small-group work in addition to classroom instruction; control students received typical instruction and whatever assistance the teacher would normally provide. Intervention students showed significantly superior performance on a broad measure of mathematics proficiency.
Angiogenesis with pericyte abnormalities in a transgenic model of prostate carcinoma

Previous studies of the TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model vasculature suggest that, as tumors develop, vessels invade the glandular epithelium. However, changes in the vasculature are difficult to study in conventional thin tissue sections. The authors used a new approach to characterize morphologic and architectural changes of blood vessels and pericytes during tumor development in TRAMP mice.
An investigation of early parental motivational strategies on mathematics achievement by ethnicity: a latent curve model approach

This study examined the developmental effects of early parental intrinsic and extrinsic motivational strategies on mathematics achievement scores obtained from White students compared to underrepresented minority students. A latent growth curve model was fit to data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) with mathematics achievement assessed from 7th grade through 12th grade. Intrinsic parental motivational strategies were found to positively predict initial levels of mathematics achievement scores for White students but not underrepresented minority students. Extrinsic parental motivational strategies did not predict initial levels of mathematics achievement scores for either group of students. For White students, growth rate was found to be positively influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic parental motivational strategies. However, there is no evidence of this relationship for underrepresented minority students. This research contributes to an emerging literature relating developmental change processes to mathematics achievement.
Genes and genetic networks responsive to mild hyperthermia in human lymphoma U937 cells

In this study, to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying cellular responses to mild hyperthermia, we investigated gene expression patterns and genetic networks in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and computational gene expression analysis tools. The cells were incubated at 41°C for 30 min (mild hyperthermia treatment) and then at 37°C for 0–6 h. Although the mild hyperthermia treatment of the cells did not induce apoptosis, significant increases in the protein expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), namely, Hsp27, Hsp40 and Hsp70, were observed following the activation of heat shock factor-1. Of the 22,283 probe sets analyzed, 423 probe sets were up-regulated and 515 probe sets were down-regulated by >1.5-fold in the cells 3 h post-treatment. Computational gene network analysis demonstrated that the significant genetic network A that contained many HSPs such as DNAJB1, HSPA1A, and HSPA1B was associated with cellular function and maintenance, post-transcriptional modification, or protein folding. Moreover, the significant genetic network B whose core contained v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) was associated with cell morphology, cell cycle, and cellular development. The expression levels of nine selected genes were comparable to those determined by microarray analysis with real-time quantitative PCR assay. The present results indicate that mild hyperthermia affects the expression of a large number of genes and provides additional novel insights into the molecular basis of mild hyperthermia in cells.
A Qualitative Exploration of Transgender Identity Affirmation at the Personal, Interpersonal, and Sociocultural Levels

ABSTRACT The present study qualitatively explores affirmation and support for transgender people living in Ireland on the personal, interpersonal, and sociocultural levels. Seven participants engaged in one-on-one semistructured interviews. Following thematic analysis, a number of supportive and nonsupportive factors emerged regarding personal identity and experiences, interactions with others, and the sociocultural backdrop in which these exist. The main themes reflect a common narrative in which the participant is currently happy or content, though after a period of very challenging experiences largely attached to their often socially stigmatized identity. Results are reflected on in relation to previous research, and clinical and educational applications are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Undertreatment of acute pain in the emergency department: a challenge.

OBJECTIVE Evaluation and improvement of pain management in our emergency department (ED). DESIGN This was a "before-after" study. For each subject, the nurse, the physician, and the patient were asked to rate the initial intensity of the pain on a Visual Analogue Score (VAS). The timing and the type of analgesics administered were then recorded and follow-up VAS was performed. SETTING A teaching, community-based, 400-bed hospital. STUDY PARTICIPANTS 140 patients admitted for acute pain related to orthopedic injuries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The gap between the VAS expressed by the patient and estimated by the staff, the proportion of patients receiving analgesics, and the length of time delays between admission and analgesic administration. INTERVENTION The intervention included education of medical and nursing staffs, insertion of a VAS template in the patient's chart, initiation of routine VAS assessment and re-assessment, and implementation of a protocol for pain management with standing orders for nurses. RESULTS The VAS gap between the patient and the nurse decreased significantly from 1.91 2.04 to 1.03 1.97 after the intervention (P = 0.01). The percentage of patients receiving analgesics rose from 70 to 82% following the intervention. Time from admission to analgesia decreased from 80 +/- 68 min (mean +/- SD) before the intervention, to 58 +/- 37 min after the intervention (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Inadequate pain management in the ED appears related to poor staff assessment of pain and may be improved by routine VAS recording and by a nurse-based pain protocol.
Contemporary fathers reconstructing masculinity: Clinical implications of gender role strain

How can research data about gender role strain improve clinical work with men? The authors present qualitative data from 3 groups of fathers in the Yeshiva University Fatherhood Project: Haitian American, Promise Keeper, and gay fathers. The data illustrate the specific types of gender role strain associated with contemporary fathering and show how men are spontaneously reconstructing fathering and masculinity in general. The authors use clinical examples to show how psychologists can make use of this research knowledge in the diagnosis and treatment of men.
Modulation of post-operative insulin resistance by pre-operative carbohydrate loading

Insulin resistance develops as a response to virtually all types of surgical stress. There is an increasing body of evidence that suggests that insulin resistance in surgical stress is not beneficial for outcome. A recent large study in intensive-care patients showed that aggressive treatment of insulin resistance using intravenous insulin reduced mortality and morbidity substantially. Similarly, in burn patients, intensive insulin and glucose treatment has been shown to improve N economy and enhance skin-graft healing. In surgical patients insulin resistance has been characterized in some detail, and has been shown to have many similarities with metabolic changes seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. This finding may be important since insulin resistance has been shown to be one independent factor that influences length of stay. When patients about to undergo elective surgery have been treated with glucose intravenously or a carbohydrate-rich drink instead of overnight fasting, insulin resistance was reduced by about half. A small meta-analysis showed that when post-operative insulin resistance was reduced by preoperative carbohydrates, length of hospital stay was shortened. Overnight intravenous glucose at high doses improved post-operative N economy. This type of treatment has also been shown repeatedly to reduce cardiac complications after open-heart surgery. Furthermore, if the carbohydrates are given as a drink pre-operatively, pre-operative thirst, hunger and anxiety are markedly reduced. In summary, preventing or treating insulin resistance in surgical stress influences outcome. Fasting overnight is not an optimal way to prepare patients for elective surgery. Instead, pre-operative carbohydrates have clinical benefits.
Number of teeth, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and cardiovascular mortality: a 15-year follow-up study in a Finnish cohort.

AIM To test whether the number of teeth, an inverse proxy for composite oral infection scores is associated with better survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study initiated a case-control study in 1995-1996 consisting of 256 consecutive coronary artery disease patients and 250 age and gender-matched controls. We appended the mortality data and formulated a longitudinal study. By May 31st, 2011, 124 mortalities had occurred and 80 of which were of cardiovascular origin. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed the association of the teeth group (Teethgrp) - consisting of 10 teeth - with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after 15.8 years of median follow-up. RESULTS In multivariate models, with the edentulous state as reference, one level increase in Teethgrp was associated with significantly increased survival from cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality with a Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73, p-value = 0.02 but not with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.87, p = 0.13). The findings were not mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≥3 mg/L or by median fibrinogen levels, but were mediated by CRP levels >5 mg/L. CONCLUSION Each increment of 10 teeth from the edentulous state was associated with a 27% improved CVD survival, independent of low-grade systemic inflammation.
Biased Processing as a Function of Attitude Accessibility: Making Objective Judgments Subjectively

The effect of attitude accessibility on the evaluation of attitude relevant information was examined. In Experiment 1, attitudes toward a contemporary public issue (capital punishment) and the accessibility of those attitudes, as indicated by latency of response to the attitudinal inquiry, were measured. Attitude accessibility was found to moderate the extent of the relation between attitudes and judgments of such information. Biased processing was more evident for individuals with highly accessible attitudes than for those with less accessible attitudes. Experiment 2 tested the causal role of attitude accessibility. Accessibility was manipulated by having subjects express their attitudes either a single time (low accessibility) or repeatedly (high accessibility). As in Experiment 1, attitude accessibility moderated the relation between attitudes and judgments. The implications of these findings for the processing of attitude-relevant information and attitude stability over time are discussed.
Surveillance of Candida spp Bloodstream Infections: Epidemiological Trends and Risk Factors of Death in Two Mexican Tertiary Care Hospitals

Introduction Larger populations at risk, broader use of antibiotics and longer hospital stays have impacted on the incidence of Candida sp. bloodstream infections (CBSI). Objective To determine clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with CBSI in two tertiary care reference medical institutions in Mexico City. Design Prospective and observational laboratory-based surveillance study conducted from 07/2008 to 06/2010. Methods All patients with CBSI were included. Identification and antifungal susceptibility were performed using CLSI M27-A3 standard procedures. Frequencies, Mann-Whitney U test or T test were used as needed. Risk factors were determined with multivariable analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Results CBSI represented 3.8% of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Cumulative incidence was 2.8 per 1000 discharges (incidence rate: 0.38 per 1000 patient-days). C. albicans was the predominant species (46%), followed by C. tropicalis (26%). C. glabrata was isolated from patients with diabetes (50%), and elderly patients. Sixty-four patients (86%) received antifungals. Amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AmBD) was the most commonly used agent (66%). Overall mortality rate reached 46%, and risk factors for death were APACHE II score ≥16 (OR = 6.94, CI95% = 2.34–20.58, p<0.0001), and liver disease (OR = 186.11, CI95% = 7.61–4550.20, p = 0.001). Full susceptibility to fluconazole, AmBD and echinocandins among C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis was observed. Conclusions The cumulative incidence rate in these centers was higher than other reports from tertiary care hospitals from Latin America. Knowledge of local epidemiologic patterns permits the design of more specific strategies for prevention and preemptive therapy of CBSI.
Value Added?

Research suggests that community-referenced pedagogy initiatives foster academic inclusion for minority students. However, we know little about such engagements' benefits for teachers. This study provides insights into teachers' dispositions toward school-based parent involvement in education based on ethnographic data collected through participant observation and sequenced, scheduled interviews and follow-up conversations with 3 key teacher respondents. Results demonstrate respondents' convergences regarding these engagements' “value-added” dimensions for the “other. ” Teachers acknowledged benefits related to curriculum orientation for parents, opening lines of communication, building community, linguistic diversity as a resource, and parent advocacy. Although respondents converged on “value added” for self, they placed different emphases on this value's dimensions.
Interaction Study between Digoxin and a Preparation of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)

Hawthorn, an herbal supplement, is currently being evaluated for the treatment of heart failure. The flavonoid components of hawthorn may be responsible for hawthorn's beneficial effects in the treatment of heart failure. However, these components may also affect P‐glycoprotein function and cause interactions with drugs that are P‐glycoprotein substrates, such as digoxin, which is also used to treat heart failure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hawthorn on digoxin pharmacokinetic parameters. A randomized, crossover trial with 8 healthy volunteers was performed evaluating digoxin 0.25 mg alone (D) for 10 days and digoxin 0.25 mg with Crataegus special extract WS 1442 (hawthorn leaves with flowers; Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals) 450 mg twice daily (D + H) for 21 days. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed for 72 hours. There were no statistically significant differences in any measured pharmacokinetic parameters. The AUC0‐∞, Cmax‐Cmin, Cmin, and renal clearance for the D group were 79 ± 26 mcg•h/L, 1.4 ± 0.7mcg/L, 0.84 ± 0.2 mcg/L, and 74 ± 10 mL/min versus 73 ± 20 mcg•h/L, 1.1 ± 0.1 mcg/L, 0.65 ± 0.2 mcg/L, and 81 ± 22 mL/min for the D + H group, respectively (p > 0.05). Following 3 weeks of concomitant therapy, hawthorn did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetic parameters for digoxin. This suggests that both hawthorn and digoxin, in the doses and dosage form studied, maybe coadministered safely.
Estimates of the Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: The Importance of the Researcher's Prior Beliefs

Researchers from different social sciences approach the issue of the deterrent effects of capital and noncapital punishments with conflicting prior beliefs. Some believe that punishments deter and that social and economic variables have little or no influence on the murder rate. Others believe that punishments have little or no impact and that variations in the murder rate between states (or over time) can be explained largely by variations in economic and social conditions. Others hold somewhat different views. If controlled experiments could be designed to test the competing hypotheses, researchers could assess their validity. However, since research in the effectiveness of punishments in reducing the murder rate must be carried out in a nonexperimental setting, there is much uncertainty as to the "correct" empirical model that should be used to draw inferences, and each researcher typically tries dozens, perhaps hundreds, of specifications before selecting one or a few to report. Usually, and understandably, the ones selected for publication are those that make the strongest case for the researcher's prior hypothesis. Because of this,
The Arab Family and Modernity: Evidence From Kuwait

This paper is concerned with the Arab family, an institution in transition. It seeks to examine a number of key assumptions regarding the Arab family in general and the Kuwaiti family in particular. Several dimensions of the family are discussed, including types and size of the family, family-kin relationships, types of marriage, mate selection, and intermarriage. Among the important findings reported is that the nuclear family is not only prevalent but the preferred form. Traditional family-kin relationships remain strong. Marriage among relatives, especially first cousins, remains a dominant pattern. Parents' influence in mate selection is waning, especially in regard to sons. Intermarriage with non-Kuwaitis is infrequent. There is considerable variation in these patterns in terms of a number of socio-demographic and other variables. The author conjectures that further changes may take place, but the Arab family will not necessarily follow the Western pattern.
Evaluation of the BioPlex™ 2200 ANA Screen: Analysis of 510 Healthy Subjects: Incidence of Natural/Predictive Autoantibodies

Abstract: The BioPlex™ 2200 ANA Screen is a fully automated system that determines levels for 13 different autoimmune antibodies of established clinical significance. The objective of this study was to determine the specificity of the BioPlex™ 2200 ANA Screen assay and to analyze the antibody profile samples collected from healthy subjects against comparative ELISA and IIF screening methods. A total of 510 specimens were randomly selected from a cohort of apparently healthy blood bank donors. Samples were distributed to five age brackets. All samples were tested using Bio‐Rad's ANA Screen kit. Specificity was compared to IIF and ELISA results. Most of the samples were found negative in all ANA screening systems (84.5% by IIF, 92.5% by BioPlex™ 2200 ANA Screen kit, and 94.5% by ELISA). The frequency of positive results was highest (15.5%) using IIF, in comparison to almost similar results (5.5% vs. 7.5%) achieved by ANA ELISA and BioPlex™ 2200 ANA Screen kits. The positive rate of autoantibodies was significantly reduced when analyzed by different combinations of ANA screen assays (from 2.35% using IIF + BioPlex ANA Screen tests to 0.98% by using all three tests). Using the BioPlex™ 2200 ANA Screen system, we were able to identify samples with high levels of individual antibodies: anti‐dsDNA at 20‐63/IU/mL, antichromatin at 4–8 AI, anti‐SmRNP at 2–6 AI, and anti‐RNPA at 2‐4.5 AI. Importantly, from 7 IIF and ELISA positive sera, 5 of these were also BioPlex 2200 positive, suggesting that the BioPlex is seeing the samples that are of the greatest interest, using the established techniques. The specificity of the BioPlex 2200 ANA Screen analysis of 13 different analytes (dsDNA, centromere B, chromatin, Jo1, ribosomal P, RNP 68, RNP A, Scl‐70, Sm, SmPNP, SS‐A52, SS‐A60, SS‐B) is comparable (P < 0.252) to the ELISA ANA screening test. Like the ELISA, the BioPlex 2200 has a lower (P < 0.001) positive rate than IIF for the autoantibody screening.
International students' motivations for studying in UK HE: Insights into the choice and decision making of African students

Purpose – International students' HE decision making is a high stakes process. There is an insufficient evidence base that would aid university level strategic planning in areas of recruitment from the African continent and in supporting its students to maximise the benefits from a UK HE experience. This paper aims to explore the decision making and experience of African students in UK HE and provides hypothesis for re‐conceptualising these processes.Design/methodology/approach – The research was exploratory and part of a bigger project on international students' experience of UK HE. It employed focus group interviews with 28 students studying in two universities in the South of England together with semi structured discussion with staff in those institutions with a specific remit for recruiting from Africa.Findings – A six element model of decision making was developed from the data which identifies a range of push and pull factors operating within constraints of fears and anxieties about studying in UK .