Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic stress and plasticity in the limbic system: Implications for post traumatic stress disorder

i ABSTRACT The brain is a fundamental target of the stress response that promotes adaptation and survival but the repeated activation of the stress response has the potential alter cognition, emotion, and motivation, key functions of the limbic system. Three structures of the limbic system in particular, the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala, are of special interest due to documented structural changes and their implication in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of many notable chronic stress-induced changes include dendritic arbor restructuring, which reflect plasticity patterns in parallel with the direction of alterations observed in functional imaging studies in PTSD patients. For instance, chronic stress produces dendritic retraction in the hippocampus and mPFC, but dendritic hypertrophy in the amygdala, consistent with functional imaging in patients with PTSD. Some have hypothesized that these limbic region's modifications contribute to one's susceptibility to develop PTSD following a traumatic event. Consequently, we used a familiar chronic stress procedure in a rat model to create a vulnerable brain that might develop traits consistent with PTSD when presented with a challenge. In adult male rats, chronic stress by wire mesh restraint (6h/d/21d) was followed by a variety of behavioral tasks including radial arm water maze (RAWM), fear conditioning and extinction, and fear memory reconsolidation to determine chronic stress effects on behaviors mediated by these limbic structures. In chapter 2, we corroborated past findings that chronic stress caused hippocampal CA3 dendritic retraction. Importantly, we present new findings that CA3 dendritic retraction corresponded with poor spatial memory in the RAWM and that these outcomes reversed after a recovery period. In chapter 3, we also showed that chronic stress impaired mPFC-mediated ii extinction memory, findings that others have reported. Using carefully assessed behavior, we present new findings that chronic stress impacted nonassociative fear by enhancing contextual fear during extinction that generalized to a new context. Moreover, the generalization behavior corresponded with enhanced functional activation in the hippocampus and amygdala during fear extinction memory retrieval. In chapter 5, we showed for the first time that chronic stress enhanced amygdala functional activation during fear memory retrieval, i.e., reactivation. Moreover, these enhanced fear memories were resistant to protein synthesis interference to disrupt a previously formed memory, called reconsolidation in a novel attempt to weaken chronic stress enhanced traumatic memory. Collectively, these studies demonstrated the plastic and dynamic effects of chronic stress on limbic neurocircuitry implicated in PTSD. We showed that chronic …
ferromagnetic domain evolution A constraint-free phase field model for

References 7.full. html#ref-list-1 http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/470/2171/2014051 This article cites 30 articles, 2 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (220 articles) mechanical engineering  (158 articles) materials science  (33 articles) electromagnetism  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in
Growth cones of regenerating retinal axons contact a variety of cellular profiles in the transected goldfish optic nerve

Following optic nerve transection in goldfish, retinal axons regenerate. To determine what the growth cones use as a substrate for their growth, regenerating growth cones were labeled by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) application to the retina 5–6 days after intraorbital optic nerve section (ONS) and identified at 10–11 days after ONS in the brain sided (distal) portion of the optic nerve in thick and serial ultrathin sections. Leading growth cones (n = 5) were found in intimate contact with a variety of elements: with myelin fragments alone, with myelin fragments and glial cells, and with the basal lamina of the glia limitans and the surface of a fibroblast outside the boundary of previous fascicles.
Consumption of meat and dairy products in China: a review

The objective of the present paper was to review the consumption status of meat and dairy products among Chinese residents. The research topics included production, consumption and health implications of dairy and meat, and the data sources included reports of national surveys, research papers and data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The average intake of meat, especially pork, has continued to increase in China. Pork intake increased from 37·1 g/d in 1992 to 64·3 g/d in 2012. There was a much higher margin in rural regions; pork intake of rural residents increased from 25·0 g/d in 1992 to 59·9 g/d in 2012, which resulted in a narrowed gap between urban and rural areas. Although the average intake of dairy products increased from 14·9 g/d in 1992 to 24·7 g/d in 2012, the overall level was still lower. There was a significant difference of dairy consumption between urban and rural residents. The gap of per capita consumption of milk between urban and rural households was 3·5 kg/year in 1990, reached the maximum of 16·9 kg/year in 2003, then decreased to 8·7 kg/year in 2012. In conclusion, the finding of this review sheds light on some problems with food consumption patterns in China. Effective strategies need to be adopted in order to change the consumption patterns. The consumption of milk and replacing pork with poultry or fish or other health foods should be encouraged.
Amizade e escolha profissional: um estudo com alunos de escolas particulares e públicas

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com 36 estudantes de Ensino Medio de tres escolas particulares e tres escolas publicas com o objetivo de investigar a participacao dos amigos na escolha profissional dos estudantes e as implicacoes da escolha nos relacionamentos familiares e de amizade. Os pais e os professores foram percebidos como uma influencia mais direta ou vertical, enquanto os amigos participaram de modo mais horizontal, por meio de conversas e troca de informacoes. Os adultos tenderam a influenciar os objetivos, ou seja, a carreira ou curso escolhido e os amigos a cooperar entre si, trocando informacoes e criticas. This paper features a research with 36 high school students from three public and three private schools. The goal of this research was to investigate peers' participation in students' career choice and the implications of such choice in their relationships with family and friends. Through discussions and the exchange of information about career issues, parents and teachers were noticed as a more direct and vertical influence, while friends participated in a more horizontal way. Adults tended to influence career goals, that is, the career or major degree chosen, and friends to cooperate among themselves, exchanging information and critics.
Urinary Naphthol Metabolites and Chromosomal Aberrations in 5-Year-Old Children

Background: Exposure to naphthalene, an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)-classified possible carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is widespread, though resulting health effects are poorly understood. Metabolites of naphthalene, 1- and 2-naphthol, are measurable in urine and are biomarkers of personal exposure. Chromosomal aberrations, including translocations, are established markers of cancer risk and a biodosimeter of clastogenic exposures. Although prenatal (maternal) PAH exposure predicts chromosomal aberrations in cord blood, few studies have examined chromosomal aberrations in school-age children and none has examined their association with metabolites of specific PAHs. Methods: Using Whole Chromosome Paint Fluorescent in situ Hybridization, we documented chromosomal aberrations including translocations, in 113 five-year-old urban minority children and examined their association with concurrent concentrations of PAH metabolites measured in urine. Results: We report that in lymphocytes, the occurrence and frequency of chromosomal aberrations including translocations are associated with levels of urinary 1- and 2-naphthol. When doubling the levels of urinary naphthols, gender-adjusted OR for chromosomal aberrations are 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–2.19] and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02–2.04) for 1- and 2-naphthol, respectively; and for translocations OR = 1.55 (95% CI, 1.11–2.17) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.20–3.08) for 1- and 2-naphthol, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that markers of exposure to naphthalene in children are associated with translocations in a dose-related manner, and that naphthalene may be a clastogen. Impact: Indoor exposure to elevated levels of naphthalene is prevalent in large regions of the world. This study is the first to present an association between a marker of naphthalene exposure and a precarcinogenic effect in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1191–202. ©2012 AACR.
Small feedback‐based decisions and their limited correspondence to description‐based decisions

The present paper explores situations in which the information available to decision makers is limited to feedback concerning the outcomes of their previous decisions. The results reveal that experience in these situations can lead to deviations from maximization in the opposite direction of the deviations observed when the decisions are made based on a description of the choice problem. Experience was found to lead to a reversed common ratio/certainty effect, more risk seeking in the gain than in the loss domain, and to an underweighting of small probabilities. Only one of the examined properties of description-based decisions, loss aversion, seems to emerge robustly in these ‘feedback-based’ decisions. These results are summarized with a simple model that illustrates that all the unique properties of feedback-based decisions can be a product of a tendency to rely on recent outcomes. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building the Brain with "Procedural" Knowledge: Clinical implications of neuroscientific studies.

Fifteen years ago, neuroscientific research articles began to confirm that humans have many kinds of memory, not just one. This validated the experience of many parents, teachers and therapists around the world. We had experienced and witnessed motor skill learning, musical skill development, and the fact that high emotion could, in separate instances, either enhance memories or block them. But these ways of “knowing how to do something” had always been difficult to describe. Most frequently, any type of memory that did not include words was simply called “non-verbal”. In fact, very often, non-verbal skills, habits and behaviours seem to defy description. Thus, the commonly understood examples of swimming, riding a bike, or playing a musical instrument are often used as examples of what we now call “nondeclarative” or “procedural” knowledge. But “procedural” knowledge (also called “procedural memory”) covers a much wider range of human behaviour and learning than these examples might imply.
Fundamental limitations in antennas

Four fundamental limitations in antennas have been identified in the areas of: electrically small antennas, superdirective antennas, superresolution antennas, and high-pin antennas. All exhibit roughly exponential increase in cost factors with performance increase beyond the robust range. This paper reviews these limitations. Electrically small antennas are analyzed via spherical mode theory, with the antenna enclosed in a virtual sphere. Minimum Q varies inversely as the cube of sphere radius in radian wavelengths when the radius is much less than the latter. This limits the achievable bandwidth. Superdirective apertures require a constraint; the optimization is generally intractable except for line sources. Superdirective arrays have spacing below half-wavelength, and for small spacings a constraint is desirable to limit Q, tolerances, efficiency, sidelobes, etc. This is accomplished by expressing constrained directivity as a ratio of two Hermilian quadratic forms, for which a solution exists. Array Q varies exponentially with directivity so only modest increases are practical. Superresolution arrays use maximum entropy processes to improve spatial frequency resolution for short samples (short arrays), analogous to spectral analysis processing. An amplitude-tapered autocorrelation function is extended by linear least square prediction and autoregression; the latter contributes filter poles. This extension is with minimum added information, hence maximum entropy. In contrast to superdirective arrays which are all zero functions, superresolution maximum entropy uses an all pole function. Results are dependent upon the sampling subarray size and upon signal/noise (S/N). Required S/N increases exponentially with inverse angular resolution. Achievable gain of high-gain reflector antennas is limited by cost of the structure. For random surface errors maximum gain is proportional to the mechanical tolerance ratio (antenna diameter/1σ tolerance) squared. Since cost increases rapidly with diameter and with tolerance ratio this comprises a gain limitation. Current best reflectors have maximum gain in the range of 90 to 100 dB.
Secure Access Control Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain a large number of resource-constrained and energy-limited sensor nodes that are generally deployed in an open environment. Those sensor nodes communicate with each other or with a base station via wireless channels. Therefore, secure access control is an important issue in WSNs because sensor nodes are susceptible to various malicious attacks during the authentication and key establishment phase and the new node addition phase. In this study, we propose a new access control method based on elliptic curve cryptography and the chameleon hash function. This method addresses the security problems in the existing research. It also has additional advantages since it does not require time synchronization between communication nodes, nor does it require node verification tables. In addition to our proposal, the correctness, security, resistance to possible attacks, and the performance of the proposed method are analyzed and evaluated. The results of our study demonstrate that the proposed method has an outstanding performance and fulfills all the requirements for secure communication in WSNs.
From minichaperone to GroEL 1: information on GroEL-polypeptide interactions from crystal packing of minichaperones.

We are reconstructing the mechanism of action of GroEL by a reductionist approach of isolating its minimal fragment that has residual activity (the "minichaperone" core) and then identifying how additional elements of structure confer further activity and function. We report here the 2.0 A resolution crystal structure of the minichaperone GroEL(193-345). The structure provides further clues on the nature of GroEL-polypeptide substrate interactions, because two molecules in the asymmetric unit interact by the binding of one molecule in the active site of its partner, thus mimicking a chaperone-polypeptide substrate complex. The results may explain some experimental observations, including the preference of GroEL for net positive charges (mediated by Glu238 and Glu257) and the key role of Tyr203 in mediating polypeptide binding. The larger binding site identified by these studies forms a continuous surface near the opening of the central cavity of GroEL that can accommodate a wide range of non-native protein conformations that differ in size and in structural and chemical properties.
Overexpression of miR-484 and miR-744 in Vero cells alters Dengue virus replication

BACKGROUND Dengue is considered one of the world’s most important mosquito-borne diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Although miRNAs possess antiviral activity against many mammalian-infecting viruses, their involvement in Dengue virus (DENV) replication remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of miR-484 and miR-744 in DENV infection and to examine whether DENV infection alters the expression of both miRNAs. METHODS We used bioinformatics tools to explore the relationship between DENV and cellular miRNAs. We then overexpressed miR-484 or miR-744 in Vero cells to examine their role in DENV replication using flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting. FINDINGS We found several cellular miRNAs that target a conserved region within the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the genome of the four DENV serotypes and found that overexpression of miR-484 or miR-744 inhibits infection by DENV-1 to DENV-4. Furthermore, we observed that DENV RNA might be involved in the downregulation of endogenous miR-484 and miR-744. CONCLUSION Our study identifies miR-484 and miR-744 as two possible restriction host factors against DENV infection. However, further studies are needed to directly verify whether miR-484 and miR-744 both have an anti-DENV effect in vivo.
Visual Factors in the Child's Gait: Effects on Locomotor Skills

This kinematic study investigated the effects of visual factors on the angular oscillations of the head and trunk during various locomotor tasks in 3- to 8-yr. -old children and adults. The oscillations of the head under normal vision were limited and changed little across ages Oscillations of both head and trunk about the roll axis were the most sensitive to difficulty in maintaining lateral equilibrium. On narrow supports, the lateral oscillations of the trunk increased between the ages of 3 and 6 years, with a maximum amplitude at the latter age and then decreased up to adulthood, suggesting a transition phase around the age of 6 years. Visual restriction had little effect on the control of angular oscillations of the head in children or adults. On a narrow support in darkness, adults increased oscillations of the trunk but reduced oscillations of the head. It can be concluded that, regardless of the age, control of locomotor equilibrium aims at limiting the angular oscillations of the head. Vision seems to contribute little to stabilization of the head.
Advice given by health‐care professionals to mothers concerning subsequent pregnancy after stillbirth

We studied the advice mothers with stillbirths were given concerning a suitable time to become pregnant. A questionnaire was sent in 2001 to mothers with a stillbirth at one of five hospitals in the Stockholm region in Sweden. At three months follow‐up, 33 mothers participated and at 12 months 31. The advices varied from waiting one to 12 months. Eleven mothers were advised to trust their own feelings of readiness and six were advised to wait until they had dealt with their grief before becoming pregnant. At one year post‐loss, most of the mothers felt that a suitable time for a subsequent pregnancy was as soon as the mother herself wanted. Mothers whose baby had died in utero were given radically different kinds of advice concerning a suitable time for a subsequent pregnancy. The best advice seems to be that the mother should wait until she, herself, feels ready.
The Rorschach Comprehensive System is Reliable, Valid, and Cost-Effective

Les decisions que l'on est amene a prendre a partir d'un examen psychologique ont de multiples consequences sur la vie d'une personne. Dans cet article, j'ai montre que le Rorschach en Systcme integre (SI), considere comme une tâche perceptive, cognitive et de prise de decision, est une epreuve valide et fiable. Sa validite et sa fiabilite, y compris la fidelite test/retest et la validite incrementielle, ont ete etablies par des etudes empiriques. J'ai montre aussi que, pour obtenir les resultats les plus valides, il fallait proceder par integration de differentes methodes. En outre, il existe suffisamment d'etudes pour penser que l'utilisation du Systeme integre est valable aussi dans un contexte interethnique. Des utilisateurs ignorants et/ou incompetents constituent toutefois un facteur de risque, que ce soit dans le champ psycholegal, en psychologie du travail, de l'enfant, en rehabilitation, tout comme dans le champ clinique proprement dit. Toute personne qui souhaite utiliser le Systeme integre doit.
COMMENT: CHEMICAL CASTRATION: OREGON'S INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO SEX OFFENDER REHABILITATION, OR UNCONSTITUTIONAL PUNISHMENT?

In Oregon, a sexual offender is convicted of rape in the first degree, sodomy in the first degree, and sexual abuse in the first degree - his victim, a child under the age of twelve. n1 A father is convicted of raping and sodomizing his ten-year-old daughter. n2 Another offender is convicted of four counts of sodomy in the first degree, three counts of rape in the first degree, four counts of sexual abuse in the second degree, unlawful sexual penetration in the first degree, and two counts of unlawful sexual penetration in the second degree. n3 A defendant, charged with the rape, sodomy, and sexual abuse of a five-year-old, awaits a new trial; n4 he was previously convicted for the attempted sexual abuse of an eleven-year-old whom he babysat. n5
Biocompatibility Considerations in the Design of Graphene Biomedical Materials

Graphene‐based materials (GBM) have outstanding properties that have proven highly beneficial in several proof‐of‐concept investigations on their biomedical potential. They can be used as suspensions of nanosheets for nanomedicine purposes as well as components of macroscale products in medical devices or tissue engineering/regenerative medicine products. However, the clinical translation of these preclinical concepts is hampered by the incomplete understanding of the biocompatibility of GBM in general, and the limited or lack of safety considerations in most preclinical proof‐of‐concept studies. In this review, the main safety aspects to be considered for the design of biocompatible materials based on GBM that interface with the human body or its fluids are outlined. Guidance to overcome some of the unique challenges presented by graphene biomedical materials are provided, stressing the need to consider safety challenges as early as possible in the design phase of the candidate biomedical product to raise its chance for clinical translation.
The development of the 1994 HTK large vocabulary speech recognition system

This paper describes recent developments of the HTK large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system. The system uses tied-state crossword context-dependent mixture Gaussian HMMs and a dynamic network decoder that can operate in a single pass. In the last year the decoder has been extended to produce word lattices to allow exible and eecient system development, as well as multi-pass operation for use with computationally expensive acoustic and/or language models. The system vocabulary can now be up to 65k words, the nal acoustic models have been extended to be sensitive to more acoustic context (quinphones), a 4-gram language model has been used and unsupervised incremental speaker adaptation incorporated. The resulting system gave the lowest error rates on both the H1-P0 and H1-C1 hub tasks in the November 1994 ARPA CSR evaluation.