Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal systolic function

Background: The incidence of heart failure in diabetic subjects is high even in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Aims: The purpose of this study was to study the incidence of diastolic dysfunction in diabetic subjects and its relation to age, duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, obesity indices and diabetic microangiopathies. Settings and Design: This was a case control prospective study conducted at the teaching hospital during a one year period. Materials and Methods: A total of 127 subjects (case) with type 2 diabetes of more than five years duration were studied. Total 100 healthy subjects were included as the control group. Echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular diastolic function. Results: Out of the total 127 subjects, 69 (54.33%) from the case group had diastolic dysfunction, and 11% amongst 100 in the control group population showed the diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.001). Patients with a longer duration of DM (of 11 to 15 years) had a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.02). Subjects with high waist circumference and high waist to hip ratio had statistically significant diastolic dysfunction with ‘P’ =0.001 and ‘P’ = < 0.02 respectively. Subjects with HbA1c > 7.5% had a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction than subjects with HbA1c < 7.5% (P < 0.02). Diastolic dysfunction was present in majority of the subjects with autonomic neuropathy and retinopathy. Conclusions: Present study reveals high incidence of diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic diabetic; subjects and, this finding was correlated with the duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels, obesity indices and diabetic microangiopathies. We conclude that early diagnosis and institution of treatment will reduce morbidity and improve the outcomes, and prevent future heart failure.
Algorithms and Hardness for Robust Subspace Recovery

We consider a fundamental problem in unsupervised learning called \emph{subspace recovery}: given a collection of $m$ points in $\mathbb{R}^n$, if many but not necessarily all of these points are contained in a $d$-dimensional subspace $T$ can we find it? The points contained in $T$ are called {\em inliers} and the remaining points are {\em outliers}. This problem has received considerable attention in computer science and in statistics. Yet efficient algorithms from computer science are not robust to {\em adversarial} outliers, and the estimators from robust statistics are hard to compute in high dimensions. Are there algorithms for subspace recovery that are both robust to outliers and efficient? We give an algorithm that finds $T$ when it contains more than a $\frac{d}{n}$ fraction of the points. Hence, for say $d = n/2$ this estimator is both easy to compute and well-behaved when there are a constant fraction of outliers. We prove that it is Small Set Expansion hard to find $T$ when the fraction of errors is any larger, thus giving evidence that our estimator is an {\em optimal} compromise between efficiency and robustness. As it turns out, this basic problem has a surprising number of connections to other areas including small set expansion, matroid theory and functional analysis that we make use of here.
Knowledge, Treatment, Control, and Risk Factors for Hypertension among Adults in Southern Iran

Hypertension is the first and the most common risk factor to diseases such as cardiovascular, stroke, and renal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the factors relevant to hypertension knowledge, treatment, and control in southern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, conducted in Kohgiluye Boyer-Ahmad province, south of Iran, a total of 1836 hypertension patients were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Hypertension treatment and its control were defined during study. In addition, knowledge about hypertension was measured by hypertension knowledge level scale (HK-LS). Treatment rates were 75.5 and 37.7 percent for female and male, respectively. Habitat, education, income, family history with hypertension, smoking, and time of diagnosis to the disease were found to be related to the treatment of the disease. Control rates were 30.7 and 31.4 for males and females, respectively. Habitat, education, and time of diagnosis to the disease were related to control. Over 50 percent of patients had average knowledge on hypertension. Considering the low rate of control and knowledge on hypertension among patients, health care providers should reinforce their services to improve appropriate knowledge level among elders and, also, plan comprehensive programs to promote health in order to encourage patients change and reform their life style.
Dynamic Base Station Operation in Large-Scale Green Cellular Networks

In this paper, to minimize the on-grid energy cost in a large-scale green cellular network, we jointly design the optimal base station (BS) ON/OFF operation policy and the on-grid energy purchase policy from a network-level perspective. We consider that the BSs are aggregated as a microgrid with hybrid energy supplies and an associated central energy storage, which can store the harvested renewable energy and the purchased on-grid energy over time. Due to the fluctuations of the on-grid energy prices, the harvested renewable energy, and the network traffic loads over time, as well as the BS coordination to hand over the traffic offloaded from the inactive BSs to the active BSs, it is generally NP-hard to find a network-level optimal adaptation policy that can minimize the on-grid energy cost over a long-term and yet assures the downlink transmission quality at the same time. Aiming at the network-level dynamic system design, we jointly apply stochastic geometry (Geo) for large-scale green cellular network analysis and dynamic programming (DP) for adaptive BS ON/OFF operation design and on-grid energy purchase design, and thus propose a new Geo-DP design approach. By this approach, we obtain the optimal BS ON/OFF policy, which shows that the optimal BSs' active operation probability in each horizon is just sufficient to assure the required downlink transmission quality with time-varying load in the large-scale cellular network. However, due to the curse of dimensionality of the DP, it is of high complexity to obtain the optimal on-grid energy purchase policy. We thus propose a suboptimal on-grid energy purchase policy with low complexity, where the low-price on-grid energy is over purchased in the current horizon only when the current storage level and the future renewable energy level are both low. Simulation results show that the suboptimal on-grid energy purchase can achieve near-optimal performance. We also compare the proposed policy with the existing schemes to show that our proposed policy can more efficiently save the on-grid energy cost over time.
An a posteriori error estimate for the variable-degree Raviart-Thomas method

We propose a new a posteriori error analysis of the variable- degree, hybridized version of the Raviart-Thomas method for second- order elliptic problems on conforming meshes made of simplexes. We establish both the reliability and eciency of the estimator for the L2- norm of the error of the ux. We also nd the explicit dependence of the estimator on the order of the local spaces k 0; the only constants that are not explicitly computed are those depending on the shape-regularity of the simplexes. In particular, the constant of the local eciency in- equality is proven to behave like (k + 2) 3=2 . However, we present numer- ical experiments suggesting that such constant is actually independent of k.
Workload Manageability Among Novice Special and General Educators: Relationships With Emotional Exhaustion and Career Intentions

Novice special educators (those in their first 3 years) consistently report their workloads are unmanageable. Yet, it is not clear whether their perceptions of workload manageability contribute to outcomes of concern such as emotional exhaustion (a component of burnout) or intentions to continue teaching in their schools and districts. This pilot investigation used structural equation modeling to analyze data collected for the Michigan Indiana Early Career Teacher Study. We found (a) novice elementary and middle school special educators rated their workloads less manageable than novice elementary and middle school general educators; (b) novice special and general educators’ ratings of workload manageability predicted emotional exhaustion, which mediated a relationship between workload manageability and career intentions; and (c) the magnitude of the relationships was stronger for novice general educators. Results have implications for supporting and retaining novice special and general education teachers.
Rechts-, Wirtschafts-und Verwaltungswissenschaftliche Sektion Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften Diskussionspapiere Der Dfg- Forschergruppe (nr.: 3468269275): Heterogene Arbeit: Positive Und Normative Aspekte Der Qualifikationsstruktur Der Arbeit Diskussionspapier Der Forschergruppe (nr.: 3468269

In this paper, the efficiency of human capital investments is evaluated in the light of inadequate educational careers and skill obsolescence. Assuming heterogeneous returns to schooling and overeducation we use the potential outcome approach to measure the causal effect of human capital investments on earnings as a continuous treatment effect. Empirical evidence is based on a sample of West German full-time employed males from the "BIBB/IAB-Strukturerhebung 1998/99". Our estimate of the average treatment effect of an additional year of schooling (ATE) amounts to 8.7%, which does not differ much from conventional instrumental variable estimates. For skilled and high skilled workers, we find no evidence that the average returns to overeducation are lower than the average returns to required educuation, which differs from the evidence find in most traditional studies. There is evidence for considerable heterogeneity in the expected returns to overeducation. For 20 to 30% of the workers returns seem to be negative.
THE RADIO PROPERTIES OF TYPE 2 QUASARS

This paper presents the first high-resolution and high-sensitivity study of the radio properties of optically selected type 2 quasars. We used the Very Large Array at 8.4 GHz to observe 59 sources drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample of Zakamska et al. The detection rate of our survey is 59% (35/59), comparable to the detection rate in FIRST at 1.4 GHz. Ongoing star formation, although present, contributes negligible radio emission at the current sensitivity limit. Comparing the radio powers with the [O iii] λ5007 luminosities, we find that roughly 15% ± 5% of the sample can be considered radio loud. Intriguingly, the vast majority of the detected sources in our sample fall in a region intermediate between those traditionally occupied by radio loud and radio quiet quasars. Moreover, most of these “radio intermediate” sources tend to have flat or inverted radio spectra, which we speculate may be caused by free–free absorption by ionized gas in the narrow-line region. The incidence of flat-spectrum sources in type 2 quasars appears to be much higher than in type 1 quasars, in apparent violation of the simple orientation-based unified model for active galaxies.
AEI-2006-088 K(E9) from K(E10)

We analyse the M-theoretic generalisation of the tangent space structure group after reduction of the D = 11 supergravity theory to two space-time dimensions in the context of hidden Kac–Moody symmetries. The action of the resulting infinite-dimensional 'R symmetry' group K(E 9) on certain unfaithful, finite-dimensional spinor representations inherited from K(E 10) is studied. We explain in detail how these representations are related to certain finite codimension ideals within K(E 9), which we exhibit explicitly, and how the known, as well as new finite-dimensional 'generalised holonomy groups' arise as quotients of K(E 9) by these ideals. In terms of the loop algebra realisations of E 9 and K(E 9) on the fields of maximal supergravity in two space-time dimensions, these quotients are shown to correspond to (generalised) evaluation maps, in agreement with previous results of [1]. The outstanding question is now whether the related unfaithful representations of K(E 10) can be understood in a similar way.
Short Gamma-Ray Bursts and Binary Mergers in Spiral and Elliptical Galaxies: Redshift Distribution and Hosts

We combine a large database of population synthesis calculations, models for the star formation history of the universe, and a simple selection model for bursts to predict short GRB detection rates, redshift distributions, and host galaxy distributions. We compare our space of possible models with observations of short GRBs (rates and redshifts) and, when assuming short GRBs are produced from NS-NS binaries, the current estimates for NS-NS merger rates from close binary pulsars in the Milky Way. Whether short GRBs are assumed to arise from BH-NS or NS-NS mergers, we conclude that a fraction of models are in agreement with available short GRB and binary pulsar observations. We do not need to introduce artificial models with long delay times. Most commonly, models produce mergers preferentially in spiral galaxies if short GRBs arise from NS-NS mergers alone. On the other hand, typically BH-NS mergers can also occur in elliptical galaxies, in agreement with existing observations. We expect that a higher proportion of short GRBs should occur at moderate to high redshift (e.g., z > 1) than has presently been observed, in agreement with recent observations which suggest a strong selection bias toward successful follow-up of low-redshift short GRBs. Finally, if we add plausible additional assumptions about what BH-NS mergers could produce short GRBs based on the work of Belczynski and coworkers, then we expect only a small fraction of BH-NS models could be consistent with all current available data.
A subjunctive exploratory search interface to support media studies researchers

Media studies concerns the study of production, content, and/or reception of various types of media. Today's continuous production and storage of media is changing the way media studies researchers work and requires the development of new search models and tools. We investigate the research cycle of media studies researchers and find that it is an iterative process consisting of several search processes in which data is gathered and the research question is refined. Changes in the research question, however, trigger new data gathering processes. Based on these outcomes we propose a subjunctive exploratory search interface to support media studies researchers in refining their research question in an earlier stage of their research. To assess the subjunctive interface we conduct a user study and compare to a traditional exploratory search interface. We find that with the subjunctive interface users explore more diverse topics than with the standard interface and that users formulate more specific research questions. Although the subjunctive interface is more complex, this does not decrease its usability. These findings suggest that the subjunctive interface supports media studies researchers. The advantage of a subjunctive interface for exploration suggests a new direction for the development of exploratory search systems.
A novel and robust automatic seed point selection method for breast ultrasound images

Accurate segmentation of breast lesions is among the several challenges in the development of a fully automatic Computer-Aided Diagnosis system for solid breast mass classification. Many high level segmentation methods rely heavily on proper initialization and the seed point selection is usually the necessary first step. In this paper, a fully automatic and robust seed point selection method is proposed. The method involves a number of processing steps in both space and frequency domain and endeavors to incorporate the breast anatomical knowledge. Using a database of 498 images, we compared the proposed method with two other state-of-the-art methods; the proposed method outperforms both methods significantly with a success rate of 62.85% vs. 44.97% and 13.05% on seed point select.
Language Universals Engage Broca's Area

It is well known that natural languages share certain aspects of their design. For example, across languages, syllables like blif are preferred to lbif. But whether language universals are myths or mentally active constraints—linguistic or otherwise—remains controversial. To address this question, we used fMRI to investigate brain response to four syllable types, arrayed on their linguistic well-formedness (e.g., blif≻bnif≻bdif≻lbif, where ≻ indicates preference). Results showed that syllable structure monotonically modulated hemodynamic response in Broca's area, and its pattern mirrored participants' behavioral preferences. In contrast, ill-formed syllables did not systematically tax sensorimotor regions—while such syllables engaged primary auditory cortex, they tended to deactivate (rather than engage) articulatory motor regions. The convergence between the cross-linguistic preferences and English participants' hemodynamic and behavioral responses is remarkable given that most of these syllables are unattested in their language. We conclude that human brains encode broad restrictions on syllable structure.
Investigating grit variables and their relations with practice and skill groups in developing sport experts

Abstract Grit, the tendency to work hard toward long-term goals, maintaining effort and interest over years despite failure and adversity, has predicted several achievement outcomes. However, minimal work has examined grit within a sport expertise development framework, and specifically its association with deliberate practice (DP) in sport. Participants, 250 athletes (109 female; Mage = 23.40, SD = 10.14), completed the 12-item Grit Scale, practice measures, and reported their skill level (local to international). Factor analyses confirmed a 10-item two-factor model for use in our sport sample: consistency of interests (CI; 6 items; α = .81) and perseverance of effort (PE; 4 items; α = .75). A full latent variable model controlling for age showed PE significantly predicted weekly amounts of DP and engagement in mandatory and optional practice contexts; CI was inversely associated with threats to athletes’ sport commitment. Among senior athletes, both Expert and Advanced skill groups had higher PE levels than a Basic/Intermediate group, ps < . 05. The tendency to work hard toward long-term goals seemingly enables athletes to persist with practice activities that are pivotal to expert sport development.
NY-ESO-1 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma

Background: Novel immune therapies targeting tumor specific antigens are being developed. Our purpose was to determine expression of the cancer testes antigen NY-ESO-1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as NY-ESO-1 targeting approaches, particularly adoptive cell therapy, have not been evaluated in this disease. Methods: We employed tissue microarrays containing >300 unique RCC cases and adjacent benign renal tissue to determine NY-ESO-1 expression using a quantitative immunofluorescence method. In addition, we studied NY-ESO-1 expression in 35 matched primary and metastatic RCC specimens to assess concordance between different tumor sites. Results: NY-ESO-1 was highly expressed in a subset of RCCs. Expression in primary RCC specimens was significantly higher than adjacent normal renal tissue (P<0.0001) and higher in clear cell carcinomas than papillary RCC (P<0.0001). Expression levels in metastatic specimens were higher than in matched primary samples (P=0.0018), and the correlation between the two sites was modest (χ2=3.5, p=0.06). Conclusions: Aberrant NY-ESO-1 expression seen in clear cell RCC suggests that NY-ESO-1 targeting approaches should be studied in this disease. Expression is higher in metastatic sites, and discordance between primary and metastatic sites in some patients suggests that patient selection for these therapies should be based on expression in metastatic rather than nephrectomy specimens.
Correctional Officer Risk Perceptions and Professional Orientations: Examining Linkages Between the Two

Prisons managing treatment programs for incarcerated offenders require correctional officers to share favorable dispositions toward prisoners and rehabilitation if they are to function effectively. How officers judge prisoners, rehabilitative practices, and the broader goals of corrections can influence treatment efficiency, as well as offender conduct. For these reasons, it becomes paramount to investigate the professional orientations of corrections officers and the factors related to them. Using the protection motivation theory as a guiding theoretical framework, the present study collected questionnaire data from South Carolina maximum security correctional officers (N = 649) to determine whether their risk perceptions of workplace harm shared statistically significant relationships with the counseling roles, concern for corruption of authority, social distance, and punitive orientations. Linear regression estimations found that heightened officer risk perceptions shared significant relationships with each orientation. Findings may be useful for global correctional administrators in need of officers supportive of rehabilitative practices.
Using Social Media to Infer Gender Composition of Commuter Populations

In order for a municipality to effectively service and engage its constituency, it must understand the composition of the communities within it. Up to the present, such demographic estimates for target populations have been obtained largely from census data or expensive, time-intensive surveys. In this paper, we use Twitter microblog content to estimate the gender makeup of commuting populations using different modes of transportation (cars, public transportation, and bikes) in Toronto, Canada. We apply a demographic inference algorithm to 33,215 public Twitter accounts that follow one of three popular transportation-related Twitter-based news feeds (one for traffic, one for public transportation updates, and one for bicycling). Recent census data provides ground truth against which to compare the estimates we derive from Twitter. We find that, for all three communities (car drivers, public transport users, and bicyclists), the estimates obtained from Twitter reflect the majority-minority relationships between genders reported in census data. This provides preliminary, but compelling evidence that Twitter may be a platform that can go beyond simply signaling the presence of physical communities to actually measure their compositions.
mTORC1 activates SREBP-1c and uncouples lipogenesis from gluconeogenesis

Insulin resistance, which is defined as the inability of insulin to promote efficient glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, is a metabolic condition associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Although important advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of insulin resistance have been made during the last decades (1), many questions remain. One of these questions relates to the fact that, in the liver of many insulin-resistant mouse models, insulin fails to suppress glucose production (gluconeogenesis) but continues to promote lipid synthesis (lipogenesis) (2). This selective hepatic insulin resistance contributes to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and suggests that the insulin-signaling pathway must bifurcate upstream of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. In this issue of PNAS, Li et al. (3) identify a bifurcation point in the insulin-signaling pathway that could help resolve this important paradox.