Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decreased Extracellular Adenosine Levels Lead to Loss of Hypoxia-Induced Neuroprotection after Repeated Episodes of Exposure to Hypoxia

Achieving a prolonged neuroprotective state following transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is likely to effectively reduce the brain damage and neurological dysfunction associated with recurrent stroke. HPC is a phenomenon in which advanced exposure to mild hypoxia reduces the stroke volume produced by a subsequent TIA. However, this neuroprotection is not long-lasting, with the effects reaching a peak after 3 days. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the use of multiple episodes of hypoxic exposure at different time intervals to induce longer-term protection in a mouse stroke model. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to different hypoxic preconditioning protocols: a single episode of HPC or five identical episodes at intervals of 3 days (E3d HPC) or 6 days (E6d HPC). Three days after the last hypoxic exposure, temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced. The effects of these HPC protocols on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulated gene mRNA expression were measured by quantitative PCR. Changes in extracellular adenosine concentrations, known to exert neuroprotective effects, were also measured using in vivo microdialysis and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Neuroprotection was provided by E6d HPC but not E3d HPC. HIF-regulated target gene expression increased significantly following all HPC protocols. However, E3d HPC significantly decreased extracellular adenosine and reduced cerebral blood flow in the ischemic region with upregulated expression of the adenosine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). An ENT1 inhibitor, propentofylline increased the cerebral blood flow and re-established neuroprotection in E3d HPC. Adenosine receptor specific antagonists showed that adenosine mainly through A1 receptor mediates HPC induced neuroprotection. Our data indicate that cooperation of HIF-regulated genes and extracellular adenosine is necessary for HPC-induced neuroprotection.
ADAPT: Efficient workload-sensitive flash management based on adaptation, prediction and aggregation

Solid-state drives (SSDs) made of flash memory are widely utilized in enterprise servers nowadays. Internally, the management of flash memory resources is done by an embedded software known as the flash translation layer (FTL). One important function of the FTL is to map logical addresses issued by the operating system into physical flash addresses. The efficiency of this address mapping in the FTL directly impacts the performance of SSDs. In this paper, we propose a hybrid mapping FTL scheme, called Aggregated Data movement Augmenting Predictive Transfers (ADAPT). ADAPT observes access behaviors online to handle both sequential and random write requests efficiently. It also takes advantage of locality revealed in the history of recent accesses to avoid unnecessary data movements in the required merge process. More importantly, by these mechanisms, ADAPT can adapt to various workloads to achieve good performance. Experimental results show that ADAPT is as much as 35.4%, 44.2% and 23.5% faster than a state-of-the-art hybrid mapping scheme, a prevalent page-based mapping scheme, and a latest workload-adaptive mapping scheme, respectively, with a small increase in space requirement.
Electrical Resistivity Structure of Changbai Volcanic Mountain - Results from Magnetotelluric Exploration Methods

: To address the foreign media’s comments that the Tianchi Volcano in Changbai Mountain is likely to erupt in the near future, we collected a magnetotelluric (MT) observation profile approximately 120 km in length in the area to detect the deep electrical structures of magma chamber. Because electromagnetic noise from an unknown source is very strong in the research area, we used remote-referencing and robust processing, rhoplus analysis, impedance tensor decomposition, and a mutual approximate calculating method between apparent resistivity and phase for MT data processing. These techniques resulted in relatively reliable electromagnetic response data in the strong electromagnetic noise area. The results show that there is a clear magma channel beneath Tianchi Volcano, at a depth of approximately 10 km. An obvious abnormal body of low resistance, where resistivity is less than 10 Ω •m connects with the magma channel at 7 km deep and north of the existing crater, suggesting a developing magma chamber in the shallow surface. There are two nearly vertical low resistivity zones at 7-17 km in depth, one between stations C07-C09 and the other between stations C04-C05, that connect directly to the low resistance body directly; these low resistivity zones are likely active fault zones. Crustal low resistivity anomaly bodies are widely developed at depths of 13 – 30 km about 20 km south of Tianchi Volcano, suggesting an active magma chamber. The MT sounding method results indicate that Changbai Mountain has a high risk of volcanic eruption, and the MT method performed well detecting the state of current volcanism.
Development of Microsatellite Markers in the Branched Broomrape Phelipanche ramosa L. (Pomel) and Evidence for Host-Associated Genetic Divergence

Phelipanche ramosa is a parasitic plant that infects numerous crops worldwide. In Western Europe it recently expanded to a new host crop, oilseed rape, in which it can cause severe yield losses. We developed 13 microsatellite markers for P. ramosa using next-generation 454 sequencing data. The polymorphism at each locus was assessed in a sample of 96 individuals collected in France within 6 fields cultivated with tobacco, hemp or oilseed rape. Two loci were monomorphic. At the other 11 loci, the number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 3 to 6 and from 0.31 to 0.60, respectively. Genetic diversity within each cultivated field was very low. The host crop from which individuals were collected was the key factor structuring genetic variation. Individuals collected on oilseed rape were strongly differentiated from individuals collected on hemp or tobacco, which suggests that P. ramosa infecting oilseed rape forms a genetically diverged race. The microsatellites we developed will be useful for population genetics studies and for elucidating host-associated genetic divergence in P. ramosa.
Missing and spurious interactions and the reconstruction of complex networks

Network analysis is currently used in a myriad of contexts, from identifying potential drug targets to predicting the spread of epidemics and designing vaccination strategies and from finding friends to uncovering criminal activity. Despite the promise of the network approach, the reliability of network data is a source of great concern in all fields where complex networks are studied. Here, we present a general mathematical and computational framework to deal with the problem of data reliability in complex networks. In particular, we are able to reliably identify both missing and spurious interactions in noisy network observations. Remarkably, our approach also enables us to obtain, from those noisy observations, network reconstructions that yield estimates of the true network properties that are more accurate than those provided by the observations themselves. Our approach has the potential to guide experiments, to better characterize network data sets, and to drive new discoveries.
Exploiting Taxonomic Knowledge for Personalized Search: A Bayesian Belief Network-based Approach

Keyword-based search returns its results without concern for the information needs of users. In general, search queries are too short to represent what users want, and thus it is necessary to represent users' intended semantics more accurately. Our goal is to enrich the semantics of user-specific information (e.g., users' queries and preferences) and documents with their corresponding concepts for personalized search. To achieve this goal, we adopt a Bayesian belief network (BBN) as a strategy for personalized search since the Bayesian belief network provides a clear formalism for mapping user-specific information to its corresponding concepts. Nevertheless, since the concept layer of the Bayesian belief network consists of only index terms extracted from documents, it does not use the domain knowledge which is required for search systems to understand the intended semantics of queries. Therefore, we extend the Bayesian belief network to represent the semantics of user-specific information as concepts (not index terms). The concepts are extracted from a taxonomic knowledgebase such as the Open Directory Project Web directory. In our experiments, we have shown that an extended Bayesian belief network using taxonomic knowledge significantly outperforms the other Bayesian belief network-based approaches and conventional approaches (i.e., query expansion and result processing) for personalized search.
Real-time scene simulator for Thermal Infrared Localization

Exploiting the natural thermal infrared radiation of humans is a promising approach for an accurate, comfortable and inexpensive indoor localization system. However, different sources of disturbance make the development challenging. In order to provide valid sensor data for various scenarios an adequate simulation environment is needed. In this paper we present a real-time scene simulator that allows the simulation of dynamic indoor environments and the resulting output signals of infrared sensors. The composition of such environments is simplified by using an object and sensor database. In order to enable real-time processing, OpenGL and hardware acceleration is applied. Evaluations show that the accuracy of the chosen approach is sufficient to develop algorithms for a Thermal Infrared Localization System (ThILo). Furthermore, it can be shown that real-time processing is possible for a complete location system in typical indoor environments.
Optimized Data Sharing in Multicell MIMO With Finite Backhaul Capacity

This paper addresses cooperation in a multicell environment where base stations (BSs) wish to jointly serve multiple users, under a constrained-capacity backhaul. We point out that for finite backhaul capacity a tradeoff between sharing user data, which allows for full MIMO cooperation, and not doing so, which reduces the setup to an interference channel but also requires less overhead, emerges. We optimize this tradeoff by formulating a rate splitting approach in which non-shared data (private to each transmitter) and shared data are superimposed. We derive the corresponding achievable rate region and obtain the optimal beamforming design for both shared and private symbols. We illustrate how the capacity of the backhaul determines how much of the user data is worth sharing across multiple BSs.
Preference of 12-h-old kids for their mother goat is impaired by pre-partum-induced anosmia in the mother.

We investigated whether kids were able to discriminate their own mother from an alien one in a two-choice test on the day of birth when they had access to acoustic, visual and olfactory cues from their mother, and whether this discrimination depended on the selective maternal behaviour of the mother (i.e. exclusive nursing of own kids). When given the choice between their own mother and an alien equivalent dam, 8-h-old kids did not show a significant preference for their dam, whereas 12- and 24-h-old kids did. When given the choice between their own and an alien mother that were both non-selective because they had been rendered peripherally anosmic by irrigation of the nostrils with zinc sulphate, 12-h-old kids did not show a significant preference for their mother. These results are similar to those reported in sheep and may suggest that the contrast of behaviour between their own and an alien mother existing in normosmic does is important for discrimination of dams by kids at this age. Finally, testing 8-h-old kids in a smaller enclosure resulted in some improvement of their performance, although they still failed to display a significant preference for their mother. On the whole, kids are able to discriminate between their own and an alien mother goat as early as previously reported in lambs. The impairment of this ability when mothers are anosmic and not selective suggests that acceptance behaviours displayed by the mother may serve as one of the cues orientating the choice of the kid when given the choice between intact mothers. Finally, the present results do not suggest the existence of fundamental differences in the establishment of a preference for the mother between lambs, which are followers, and kids, which are hiders.
Lanczos's equation to replace Dirac's equation ?

Lanczos's quaternionic interpretation of Dirac's equation provides a unified description for all elementary particles of spin 0, 1/2, 1, and 3/2. The Lagrangian formulation given by Einstein and Mayer in 1933 predicts two main classes of solutions. (1) Point like partons which come in two families, quarks and leptons. The correct fractional or integral electric and baryonic charges, and zero mass for the neutrino and the u-quark, are set by eigenvalue equations. The electro-weak interaction of the partons is the same as with the Standard model, with the same two free parameters: e and sin^2 theta. There is no need for a Higgs symmetry breaking mechanism. (2) Extended hadrons for which there is no simple eigenvalue equation for the mass. The strong interaction is essentially non-local. The pion mass and pion-nucleon coupling constant determine to first order the nucleon size, mass and anomalous magnetic moment.
Sweet pepper pose detection and grasping for automated crop harvesting

This paper presents a method for estimating the 6DOF pose of sweet-pepper (capsicum) crops for autonomous harvesting via a robotic manipulator. The method uses the Kinect Fusion algorithm to robustly fuse RGB-D data from an eye-in-hand camera combined with a colour segmentation and clustering step to extract an accurate representation of the crop. The 6DOF pose of the sweet peppers is then estimated via a nonlinear least squares optimisation by fitting a superellipsoid to the segmented sweet pepper. The performance of the method is demonstrated on a real 6DOF manipulator with a custom gripper. The method is shown to estimate the 6DOF pose successfully enabling the manipulator to grasp sweet peppers for a range of different orientations. The results obtained improve largely on the performance of grasping when compared to a naive approach, which does not estimate the orientation of the crop.
Spina Bifida Cystica

In our community spina bifida cystica is one of the most common congenital malformations. It is estimated that its incidence is around 3 per 1,000 live births, so that in England alone some 2,000 such infants are born every year. It is also an extremely serious malformation. It threatens the sufferer's life in many ways, right from his birth, through infancy and for many years to come. Further, it may affect the physical and mental well-being of the survivors in many ways. In the recent past the problems of infants born with spina bifida cystica received scant attention and most were allowed to die or, perhaps even worse, linger in a vegetative existence, with preventable disabilities. Such an attitude should not be acceptable in countries with an advanced standard of health and ciVilization. With the skilled services of paediatric surgeons, paediatricians, orthopaedic Surgeons, physiotherapists, and a host of others the life of many of these children can be saved and rendered relatively free of handicaps. There are many who may now live a potentially fully normal existence, if their problems are not overlooked early in infancy. The pathogenesis of the condition and possible ways of its prevention are also very important. We are very far from the solution of these problems. Very little accurate knowledge Was available about the genetic background of this condition until recently. Parents of children with spina bifid a cystica are naturally anxious to know what are the chances that any of their subsequent children would be similarly affected. Accurate genetic advice can only be given if it is based on the results of prospective studies. In the Children's Hospital, Sheffield, a very large unit has been established for the treatment of babies born with spina bifida cystica. In the last four years since January 1959 we admitted over 450 new cases, mostly in the first few days of their life. We have, therefore, ample opportunity for studying the genetics of the condition and, by means of controlled trials, the many problems concerned with the management of these patients. In the following sections I shall attempt to describe briefly the outcome of these studies.
Abstract P014: Clinically Significant Novel Biomarkers for Prediction of First-ever Myocardial Infarction-The Tromsø Study

Background: Identification of individuals with high risk for first-ever myocardial infarction (MI) can be improved. The objectives of the study ere to survey multiple protein biomarkers for association with the 5-year risk of incident MI and identify a clinically significant risk model that adds information to current common risk models. Methods: We employed an immunoassay platform that utilizes a sensitive, sample efficient molecular counting technology to measure 51 proteins in samples from the fourth survey (1994) in the Tromso Study, a longitudinal study of men and women in Tromso, Norway. A nested case control design was used with 182 first-ever MI cases (60 females/122 males) and 467 controls (277 females/190 males). Results: Of the proteins measured, 21 were predictors of MI before and after adjustment for traditional risk factors either in men, women or both. In stepwise multivariable analysis with these biomarkers and traditional risk factors, kallikrein; OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.47 - 0.71), matrix meta.
Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Jyothirmay Biswas, Head of the Department of Ocular-Pathology and Uvea, Medical and Vision Research Foundations, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Chennai-600 006, E-mail: drjb@snmail.org Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in many parts of the world. Prevalence is more in tropical countries than cold areas. 1,2 It is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which exists in three forms : oocyst, bradyzoite and tachyzoite. Tachyzoites are the invasive forms, bradyzoites are the encysted forms and sporozoites (oocysts) exist in the cat only. Cats are the definitive hosts where as humans and other animals act as intermediate hosts. Human infection by T.gondii can be acquired or congenital. The transmission occurs by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected with tissue cysts, ingestion of food and water contaminated with oocysts , ingestion of eggs and milk contaminated with tachyzoites, blood transfusion, organ transplantation and transplacental transmission. 1,2 T. gondii can also rarely be transmitted via blood and infections of laboratory personnel through contact with contaminated needles.
Overnight calls in primary care: randomised controlled trial of management using nurse telephone consultation

We recently published the results of a randomised controlled trial of a nurse telephone consultation service in primary care out of hours.1 The new service, operating at evenings and weekends, significantly reduced general practitioners’ workload and was at least as safe as the existing out of hours service. Contacts diminish sharply after about 10 pm,2 and, anecdotally, a higher proportion of night calls necessitate consultation with a general practitioner. We report here a parallel trial aimed at establishing whether nurse telephone consultation was equally effective in managing workload at night.
Genome-wide patterns of divergence during speciation: the lake whitefish case study

The nature, size and distribution of the genomic regions underlying divergence and promoting reproductive isolation remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize ongoing efforts using young (12 000 yr BP) species pairs of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) to expand our understanding of the initial genomic patterns of divergence observed during speciation. Our results confirmed the predictions that: (i) on average, phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTL) show higher FST values and are more likely to be outliers (and therefore candidates for being targets of divergent selection) than non-pQTL markers; (ii) large islands of divergence rather than small independent regions under selection characterize the early stages of adaptive divergence of lake whitefish; and (iii) there is a general trend towards an increase in terms of numbers and size of genomic regions of divergence from the least (East L.) to the most differentiated species pair (Cliff L.). This is consistent with previous estimates of reproductive isolation between these species pairs being driven by the same selective forces responsible for environment specialization. Altogether, dwarf and normal whitefish species pairs represent a continuum of both morphological and genomic differentiation contributing to ecological speciation. Admittedly, much progress is still required to more finely map and circumscribe genomic islands of speciation. This will be achieved through the use of next generation sequencing data but also through a better quantification of phenotypic traits moulded by selection as organisms adapt to new environmental conditions.
Identifying, attributing and describing spatial bursts

User generated content that appears on weblogs, wikis and social networks has been increasing at an unprecedented rate. The wealth of information produced by individuals from different geographical locations presents a challenging task of intelligent processing. In this paper, we introduce a methodology to identify notable geographically focused events out of this collection of user generated information. At the heart of our proposal lie efficient algorithms that identify geographically focused information bursts, attribute them to demographic factors and identify sets of descriptive keywords. We present the results of a prototype evaluation of our algorithms on BlogScope, a large-scale social media warehousing platform. We demonstrate the scalability and practical utility of our proposal running on top of a multi-terabyte text collection.
A Neural Network Approach to Forecasting Computing-Resource Exhaustion with Workload

Software aging refers to the phenomenon that applications will show growing failure rate or performance degradation after longtime execution. It is reported that this phenomenon usually has close relationship with computing-resource exhaustion. This paper analyzes computing-resource usage data collected on a LAN, and quantitatively investigates the relationship between computing-resource exhaustion trend and workload. First, we discuss the definition of workload, and then a Multi-Layer Back propagation neural network is trained to construct the nonlinear relationship between input (workload) and output (computing-resource usage). Then we use the trained neural network to forecast the computing-resource usage, i.e., free memory and used swap, with workload as its input. Finally, the results were benchmarked against those obtained without regard to influence of workload reported in the literatures, such as non-parametric statistical techniques or parametric time series models.