Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Elastic Staining on the Staging of Peripheral Lung Cancers

Accurate staging of lung cancer has a profound impact on patient management. For stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), the absence (stage IA) or presence (stage IB) of visceral pleural invasion represents a critical therapeutic branch point: patients with stage IB NSCLC benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas patients with stage IA NSCLC do not. Elastic staining has been advocated as a simple method for visualizing pleural invasion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether routine elastic staining of the resected peripheral NSCLCs alters tumor staging in a meaningful way. The study cases consisted of 100 consecutive peripheral NSCLCs resections that were pathologically staged as IA based on routine histologic assessment. Each case was stained with the Movats pentachrome elastic stain to aid identification of visceral pleural invasion. To assess current standards of surgical pathology practice, members of the American Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology were asked whether they never, sometimes, or always order elastic stains for peripheral NSCLCs that abut the pleura. Elastic staining resulted in a change of tumor stage from IA to IB in 19 (19%) cases. Of the 49 pathologists that responded to the survey, 25 (51%) never, 14 (29%) sometimes, and 10 (20%) always order an elastic stain for NSCLCs abutting the pleura. Elastic staining is currently not standard surgical pathology practice for the evaluation of peripheral NSCLCs, but it should be. Invasion of the pleura is an elusive finding that is best appreciated with an elastic stain. Our experience suggests that routine elastic tissue staining should be performed as a standard method of assessing pleural involvement for pleural-based nonsmall cell lung carcinomas.
Latitudinal distribution of penguins, seals and whales observed during a late autumn transect through the Ross Sea

During a cruise to the Ross Ice Shelf we counted all penguins and marine mammals seen whilst underway. Our objective was to determine the abundance and distribution of these animals along our cruise line. From 14 May until 11 June the sun was below the horizon. Our observations were from the 18 m high bridge. Most watches were in the dark, aided by the bridge spotlights. A total of 79 emperor penguins, 920 Adélie penguins, and 27 marine mammals were counted. We conclude that the Ross Sea, in which wildlife flourishes during the summer, is depauperate in winter. The low numbers of marine mammals may be due partially to their tendency to remain below the surface most of the time. However, Adélie penguins, a visual hunter which rests on sea ice at night, appear to prefer pack ice edges where there is a few hours of daylight and civil twilight for pursuit of prey. Non-breeding emperor penguins also rest on sea ice at night. All but four were observed north of the Ross Sea. Unlike more northerly colonies where females lay their egg and disperse in May female departure in the Ross Sea appears to be later and, we were unable to determine their winter foraging area.
Chronic exogenous hyperinsulinaemia does not modify the acute inhibitory effect of insulin on the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

Male Wistar rats were fitted with subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps that delivered insulin at a constant rate of 0.20 i.u. /h for 7 days. This treatment raised the plasma insulin concentration from 31 +/- 4 to 201 +/- 64 micro-i.u. /ml. Hepatocytes prepared from the hyperinsulinaemic animals secreted very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol (TAG) at a higher rate (172 +/- 21 microgram per 24 h per mg cell protein) than did those from sham-operated controls (109 +/- 12 microgram per 24 h per mg) (P<0.05). However, chronic exogenous hyperinsulinaemia had no stimulatory effect on the secretion of VLDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) in derived hepatocytes compared with those from the sham-operated controls (2.32 +/- 0.38 compared with 3.09 +/- 0.40 microgram per 24 h per mg). Hepatocytes from the hyperinsulinaemic rats thus secreted larger VLDL particles as evidenced by the increased TAG:apoB ratio (78.4 +/- 13.1 compared with 38.4 +/- 7.6; P<0.05). In hepatocytes from the hyperinsulinaemic rats a larger proportion of the newly synthesized TAG was secreted as VLDL. Hepatocytes from the hyperinsulinaemic and the sham-operated control animals were equally sensitive to the inhibitory effect of insulin added in vitro on the secretion of VLDL TAG. Insulin added in vitro to the culture medium of hepatocytes from hyperinsulinaemic animals significantly decreased the TAG:apoB ratio of the secreted VLDL. This change did not occur in hepatocytes from sham-operated rats. These results suggest that, in vivo, chronic hyperinsulinaemia is not in itself sufficient to desensitize the liver to the acute inhibitory effect of insulin on the secretion of VLDL.
Evaluation of geo‐referenced grids of 1961–1990 Canadian temperature and precipitation normals

Abstract Four sets of geo‐referenced grids of 1961–90 normals, or thirty‐year averages, of monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, and total precipitation are compared for the following areas of western Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and south‐eastern British Columbia. The landscape varies from lowlands around Hudson Bay in the east and flat plains in the south, to moderate elevation hills and numerous lakes in the north, to a complex terrain of high mountains and deep valleys in the west. Interpolation methods used to create the grids range from a very simple technique ‐ Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) of closest neighbours, to more sophisticated statistical models ‐ ANUSPLIN (thin plate smoothing splines on geographic location and elevation) and SQUARE‐GRID (multivariate regression on elevation, distance from large water bodies and barriers, etc.), to even more complex hybrid systems ‐ PRISM (statistical regression, combined with physical models and expert knowledge). The main characteristics of each technique are discussed in detail, as they are often very good predictors of the accuracy of the ensuing gridpoint values. Based on the intercomparison of point and average values, as well as the verification of temperature with upper air soundings and precipitation with streamflow measurements, all grids, except SQUARE‐GRID for precipitation, produce very good results in the Prairies’ ecozone. Temperatures in most cases agree within 1°C and precipitation within several percent. PRISM, which was verified to model the Arctic inversion correctly, performs the best in winter in northern Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta, in particular, over the hills of northern Alberta (PRISM warmer), and most likely over low lying areas of the Nelson River Delta (PRISM colder). PRISM and ANUSPLIN can be recommended for the mountains of south‐eastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta. Both grids verify well, in both winter and summer, with upper air soundings for maximum temperature and station vertical profiles for minimum temperature. They are remarkably close to water balance estimates of precipitation computed from streamflow gauge measurements ‐ PRISM is slightly high and ANSUPLIN slightly low. Precipitation from IDW and SQUARE‐GRID are not satisfactory in the mountains; both severely underestimate precipitation by as much as 40%. IDW, which does not incorporate any orographic effects, is also too warm in the mountains. As expected, topography, physiography, and monitoring network issues are sources of major discrepancies among the grids. SQUARE‐GRID, besides using far fewer stations and a preprocessed dataset, also produced anomalous values, e.g., values of zero precipitation along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.
Ultrafast Removal of LO-Mode Heat From a GaN-Based Two-Dimensional Channel

Dissipation of the Joule heat, accumulated in non-equilibrium longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, is considered in terms of LO-phonon lifetime. The dependence of the lifetime on electron density, hot-electron temperature, and supplied electric power are presented for a voltage-biased GaN-based channel with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). An improved understanding of conversion of LO phonons into acoustic and other phonons is reached. A nonmonotonous dependence of the lifetime on the electron density is observed. The optimal 2DEG density for ultrafast decay of the LO-mode heat is estimated and explained in terms of LO-phonon-plasmon resonance. A new limitation of the frequency performance is predicted for heterostructure field effect transistors under the off-resonance conditions of operation. The shortest hot-phonon lifetime of ~60± 20 fs is found, at a high level of supplied power, in nearly lattice matched InAlN/AlN/GaN.
Cloning and Characterization of an Ovarian-specific Protein That Associates with the Short Form of the Prolactin Receptor*

Prolactin (PRL) is essential for progesterone biosynthesis and luteal cell hypertrophy of the rat corpus luteum during pregnancy. Both the long and short form of the PRL receptor have been identified in the corpus luteum of pregnant rat. The long form has been shown to transduce PRL signal in other cells, whereas no information is available on the role of the short form, especially in the corpus luteum. In the present study, we have cloned a rat ovarian-specific phosphoprotein, PRAP (RL eceptor ssociated rotein), which has no significant homology to other known proteins. We have demonstrated that this protein is immunoprecipitated by anti-PRL receptor and anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. To determine whether PRAP associates with either the long or the short form of the PRL receptor, fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase containing the cytoplasmic domain of the long or short form of the PRL receptor were produced, purified, and incubated with luteal proteins. Our results indicate that PRAP preferentially binds to the short form of the PRL receptor. Thus, the long form and short forms of the PRL receptor may signal through distinct pathways. These data provide evidence for the involvement of a novel protein in PRL signal transduction and suggest that PRAP may contribute to the luteotropic effects of PRL on the corpus luteum during pregnancy.
Surgical and calcium outcomes in 427 patients treated prospectively in an image‐guided and intraoperative PTH (IOPTH) supplemented protocol for primary hyperparathyroidism: Outcomes and opportunities

Unilateral exploration based upon preoperative imaging has become increasingly applied in the management of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Unilateral surgical exploration purportedly has high rates of disease control, limited morbidity, and shortened operative time. Unfortunately, significant cohorts of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are unable to have abnormal glands localized on preoperative imaging evaluation.
Prognostic and Diagnostic Significance of β-Catenin Nuclear Immunostaining in Colorectal Cancer

In the present study, we investigated the prognostic and diagnostic significance of β-catenin nuclear immunostaining in 60 specimens of normal colorectal tissue; 180 specimens of colorectal polyps, adenomas, and carcinomas; and 40 specimens from patients with the simultaneous occurrence of polyps, adenomas, and carcinomas. Additional specimens from 59 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 14 patients with adenoma who subsequently developed carcinoma were examined for possible survival study. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the occurrence of nuclear β-catenin correlated with the sequential stages in colorectal carcinogenesis, in which positive staining was observed in 0% of normal tissues, 8% of polyps, 92% of adenomas, and 100% of carcinomas. High immunohistochemical scores in colorectal carcinoma were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Adenomas associated with synchronous or metachronous carcinomas showed significantly higher levels of nuclear β-catenin compared with adenomas without associated carcinomas. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin was rare or absent in other types of cytokeratin 20 positive adenocarcinomas examined (99 cases). Thus, it was positive in only 7% of colonic mucinous adenocarcinomas, 3% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 8% of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and 0% of gastric adenocarcinomas. However, 100% of primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas were positive for nuclear staining for β-catenin. Thus, nuclear staining for β-catenin may serve as an additional parameter to help distinguish colorectal adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas of other tissue sites. Collectively, the present large-scale study has clearly addressed the clinical significance of β-catenin nuclear translocation with respect to tumor progression, survival, and differential diagnosis.
A report on late Quaternary vertebrate fossil assemblages from the eastern San Francisco Bay region, California

Here we report on vertebrate fossil assemblages from two late Quaternary localities in the eastern San Francisco Bay region, Pacheco 1 and Pacheco 2. At least six species of extinct mammalian megaherbivores are known from Pacheco 1. The probable occurrence of Megalonyx jeffersonii suggests a late Pleistocene age for the assemblage. Pacheco 2 has yielded a minimum of 20 species of mammals, and provides the first unambiguous Quaternary fossil record of Urocyon, Procyon, Antrozous, Eptesicus, Lasiurus, Sorex ornatus, Tamias, and Microtus longicaudus from the San Francisco Bay region. While a radiocarbon date of 405 ± 45 RCYBP has been obtained for a single bone sample from Pacheco 2, the possibility that much of the assemblage is considerably older than this date is suggested by (1) the substantial loss of collagen in all other samples for which radiocarbon dating was unsuccessfully attempted and (2) the occurrence of Microtus longicaudus approximately 160 km to the west of, and 600 m lower in elevation than, its present range limit. The taphonomic data and limited stratigraphic information for the two localities suggest deposition of bones within a riparian system. Multiple lines of evidence including the taxonomic composition and the relative abundance of skeletal elements point to the original accumulation of most, if not all, of the small vertebrate remains at Pacheco 2 by owls. Based on taxonomic composition, Pacheco 1 appears to have been located in a mosaic of grassland and woodland habitats, and Pacheco 2 in moist woodland with dense underbrush and a body of freshwater.
Representative learning design in springboard diving: Is dry-land training representative of a pool dive?

Abstract Two distinctly separate training facilities (dry-land and aquatic) are routinely used in springboard diving and pose an interesting problem for learning, given the inherent differences in landing (head first vs. feet first) imposed by the different task constraints. Although divers may practise the same preparation phase, take-off and initial aerial rotation in both environments, there is no evidence to suggest that the tasks completed in the dry-land training environment are representative of those performed in the aquatic competition environment. The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of the preparation phase of reverse dives routinely practised in each environment. Despite their high skill level, it was predicted that individual analyses of elite springboard divers would reveal differences in the joint coordination and board-work between take-offs. The two-dimensional kinematic characteristics were recorded during normal training sessions and used for intra-individual analysis. Kinematic characteristics of the preparatory take-off phase revealed differences in board-work (step lengths, jump height, board depression angles) for all participants at key events. However, the presence of scaled global topological characteristics suggested that all participants adopted similar joint coordination patterns in both environments. These findings suggest that the task constraints of wet and dry training environments are not similar, and highlight the need for coaches to consider representative learning designs in high performance diving programmes.
The Creation of a Papua New Guinean Landscape: Archaeological and Geomorphological Evidence

Abstract This paper analyzes the creation of a landscape in Papua New Guinea over the past 3500 years under human influence. The Arawe Island group off the south coast of West New Britain Province in Papua New Guinea has been the subject of archaeological and geomorphological study from 1986 to 1992. The evidence of sediments and the artifacts they contain offer a record of the long term history of the region.The fullest evidence comes from the Lapita period dating from 3500 to 2000 b.p., which has assemblages characterized by dentate stamped pottery, obsidian, and shell. During the Lapita period in the Arawes there is evidence of a clustered settlement pattern in the form of stilt villages built in shallow water on the lee sides of islands. These villages caused the buildup of beach sand beneath and around them; this has been preserved as low beach ridges by a slight fall in sea level (<1 m). Clays eroded from the interiors of the islands have been dammed behind these beach ridges. Thus during the Lapita.
GREEN FLUORESCENT PIGMENT ACCUMULATED BY A MUTANT OF CELLVIBRIO GILVUS

Love, Samuel H. (Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.), and Frank H. Hulcher. Green fluorescent pigment accumulated by a mutant of Cellvibrio gilvus. J. Bacteriol. 87:39–45. 1964. —A mutant of Cellvibrio gilvus, designated strain 139A, liberated a green, fluorescent pigment into the surrounding culture medium. A study of the factors which affected the accumulation of this pigment led to the development of a chemically defined medium which supported maximal pigment accumulation in aerated, liquid cultures. d-Glucose, glycine or l-serine, l-phenylalanine, l-proline, and l-lysine comprised the organic components of this medium. The visible absorption spectrum of the pigment showed a maximal band at 400 mμ (pH 7.0). A difference spectrum between reduced and oxidized pigment showed loss of the band at 400 mμ upon oxidation. However, a methanol-extractable, flavinelike compound occurred in the wild strain but not in the mutant. Ferric ions added to the defined medium stimulated growth, with a concomitant reduction of pigment accumulation. Pigment was formed at a maximal rate during the stationary growth phase, and the highest yield was obtained by 18 hr. Organic solvents did not extract the pigment from water solutions. One and sometimes two, compounds absorbing at 400 mμ could be eluted by ion-exchange chromatography on Cellex-P (H+), which was used to separate the pigment from other components in the culture supernatants so that the radioactivity of the pigment could be measured. The mutant synthesized C14-labeled pigment from d-glucose-U-C14 and from each of four amino acids (glycine-1-C14, l-phenylalanine-U-C14, l-proline-U-C14, and l-lysine-U-C14. Δ-Amino-levulenic acid-4-C14 did not contribute C14 to the pigment.
Transverse Mixing in an Unregulated Northern River

Transverse mixing in an unregulated northern river in Canada was studied in different discharge conditions with and without ice cover. The distribution of cumulative discharge was constructed on the basis of river cross-sectional shapes, and a modified streamtube method was proposed to describe transverse mixing. The modified method only uses raw field data to calibrate the modeled concentration profiles and thus, can produce a reliable mixing coefficient even with relatively low-quality field data. The effects of river discharge and ice cover on the transverse mixing coefficient were examined in a fixed study reach. It was found that the transverse mixing coefficient increased approximately linearly with river discharge (from 84 to 960 m3/s). The dimensionless transverse mixing coefficient, scaled with river shear velocity and river depth, appeared unaffected (within 14%) by the river discharge in both open-water and ice-covered conditions, and its value was 21% smaller in the ice-covered condition than.
Bayesian Nonparametric Sparse Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model (SUR)

Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models are used in studying the interactions among economic variables of interest. In a high dimensional setting and when applied to large panel of time series, these models have a large number of parameters to be estimated and suffer from inferential problems. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical model for multivariate time series in order to avoid the overparametrization and overfitting issues and to allow for shrinkage toward multiple prior means with unknown location, scale and shape parameters. We propose a two-stage hierarchical prior distribution. The first stage of the hierarchy consists in a lasso conditionally independent prior distribution of the Normal-Gamma family for the SUR coefficients. The second stage is given by a random mixture distribution for the Normal-Gamma hyperparameters, which allows for parameter parsimony through two components. The first one is a random Dirac point-mass distribution, which induces sparsity in the SUR coefficients; the second is a Dirichlet process prior, which allows for clustering of the SUR coefficients. We provide a Gibbs sampler for posterior approximations based on introduction of auxiliary variables. Some simulated examples show the efficiency of the proposed methods. We study the effectiveness of our model and inference approach with an application to macroeconomics.
ClassView: hierarchical video shot classification, indexing, and accessing

Recent advances in digital video compression and networks have made video more accessible than ever. However, the existing content-based video retrieval systems still suffer from the following problems. 1) Semantics-sensitive video classification problem because of the semantic gap between low-level visual features and high-level semantic visual concepts; 2) Integrated video access problem because of the lack of efficient video database indexing, automatic video annotation, and concept-oriented summary organization techniques. In this paper, we have proposed a novel framework, called ClassView, to make some advances toward more efficient video database indexing and access. 1) A hierarchical semantics-sensitive video classifier is proposed to shorten the semantic gap. The hierarchical tree structure of the semantics-sensitive video classifier is derived from the domain-dependent concept hierarchy of video contents in a database. Relevance analysis is used for selecting the discriminating visual features with suitable importances. The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is also used to determine the classification rule for each visual concept node in the classifier. 2) A hierarchical video database indexing and summary presentation technique is proposed to support more effective video access over a large-scale database. The hierarchical tree structure of our video database indexing scheme is determined by the domain-dependent concept hierarchy which is also used for video classification. The presentation of visual summary is also integrated with the inherent hierarchical video database indexing tree structure. Integrating video access with efficient database indexing tree structure has provided great opportunity for supporting more powerful video search engines.