Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What do Medical Students Need to Learn in Their English Classes

Our long term goal as teachers is to match the content of the courses to the students' needs. The students of medicine are not so positive about the content of their course. Due to the different levels of the students' backgrounds in English classes or ESP classes and regarding the obstacles the instructors are encountered with in what to teach so as to meet the expectations of ESP students a needs analysis can be so helpful, so as to channel the instruction toward the learners' enthusiasm and interest and to make the output worthy A needs analysis assessment is a very beneficial step to reach this goal. The overall aim of the NA is the identification of elements which will lend themselves to training (Gillet 1973). This research is an endeavor to find out about the needs of the students of medicine in mastering different skills of language in the process of academic context.To do this research students were asked to ill out a questionnaire of needs analysis . The findings revealed that most of the students attached priority to mastering basic skills. The results of this research can be helpful in making decisions on what to teach to such students. By means of carrying out such a research instructors can be aware of the particular needs and perceptions of their subjects in the classroom which otherwise may remain hidden from the sight of those involved in curriculum planning on one hand and assumed instructors on the other hand.
From Exhaustion to Disengagement via Self-Efficacy Change: Findings from Two Longitudinal Studies among Human Services Workers

This longitudinal research examined the relationship direction between burnout components (exhaustion and disengagement) within the context of personal resources measured by self-efficacy and social support. In line with the conservation of resources theory we hypothesized that exhaustion may trigger a spiral loss of personal resources where self-efficacy declines and subsequently, social support also declines and in turn predict disengagement. Participants in Study 1 were mental healthcare providers (N = 135) working with U.S. military personnel suffering from trauma. Participants in Study 2 were healthcare providers, social workers, and other human services professionals (N = 193) providing various types of services for civilian trauma survivors in Poland. Baseline and 6-month follow-up measurements included burnout components, burnout self-efficacy and perceived social support. The path analysis showed consistent results for both longitudinal studies; exhaustion measured at Time 1 led to disengagement at Time 2, after controlling for baseline disengagement levels. Across Study 1 and Study 2 these associations were mediated by self-efficacy change: Higher exhaustion led to greater decline in self-efficacy which in turn explained higher disengagement at the follow-up. Social support, however, did not mediate between self-efficacy and disengagement. These mediating effects were invariant across Studies 1 and 2, although the mean levels of burnout and personal resources differed significantly. The results contribute to a discussion on the internal structure of job burnout and a broader understanding of the associations between exhaustion and disengagement that may be explained by the underlying mechanism of change in self-efficacy.
Enhancing Kindergartners' Mathematical Development: Effects of Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a dyadic peer-mediated treatment on kindergarten children's mathematics development. Within schools, 20 classrooms were assigned randomly to experimental or control groups. Experimental teachers implemented the peer-mediated treatment twice weekly for 15 weeks. We measured the fidelity of treatment implementation, and teachers completed questionnaires about treatment effectiveness and feasibility. Within classrooms, we pre- and post-tested 168 students (84 per condition) who had been classified into achievement groups based on pretest scores; effects were separated for students identified for or referred to special education and for nondisabled low-, middle-, and high-achieving classmates. Results indicated that treatment implementation was strong for most, but not all, teachers; teachers judged the treatment to be effective and feasible for implementation on their own; and students with and without disabilities, at all points along the achievement continuum, benefited from the treatment. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
SYMBOLISM AND INTELLECTUAL REALISM IN CHILDREN'S DRAWINGS

Summary. Various distinctions which have been applied to the development of children's drawings are considered critically, and a distinction between symbolism and intellectual realism is suggested. Drawings made by 42 5- to 7-year-old children of familiar objects with distinctive characteristics were examined. Results provided support for the suggested symbolic or generic character of much children's drawing.
Determinants of endothelial function in patients with COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Endothelial dysfunction may underpin this association. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the impact of airflow obstruction, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, sympathetic activation, hypoxaemia and physical activity on endothelial function in COPD. In stable COPD patients, assessments of endothelial function by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), cardiovascular risk (Pocock score), airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)), systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), sympathetic activation (baroreflex sensitivity), hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen tension), hypercapnia (arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2)), physical activity (steps per day) and exercise capacity (6-min walking distance) were performed. Associations between FMD and potential determinants were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses. 106 patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage I/II 35%, stage III 25% and stage IV 40%) were included. In multivariate analysis FEV1 was positively associated with FMD, independent of other significant FMD determinants from univariate analysis (sex, smoking, combined inhaled long-acting &bgr;-adrenergic and steroid medication, heart rate, baroreflex sensitivity and PaCO2) and adjusted for potential confounders (cardiovascular risk and age). In addition, the FMD and FEV1 association was modified by physical activity. The findings of this study demonstrate that the severity of airflow obstruction is a significant determinant of endothelial function in patients with COPD. A high level of physical activity seems to have a favourable effect on this association. In COPD, the association between airflow obstruction and impaired endothelial function is modified by physical activity http://ow.ly/o84r9
In Search of Relived Social Experience: Group-Based Nostalgia Sport Tourism

Why do some fans travel to follow professional sport teams? In order to answer that question, participant observation and ethnographic interviews were used to examine the motives and behaviors of a group that undertakes a 5-day bus trip to watch its team play in a distant city. Nostalgia was identified as a key element of the experience. In particular, nostalgic recollections of past trips were found to be a vital basis for repeated travel by the group and for socializing new members. Five themes having to do with nostalgia were identified: nostalgia as motive, norms and rituals as objects of nostalgia, best experience as object of nostalgia, nostalgia as a basis for trip suggestions, and nostalgia through socialization. It is suggested that group-based nostalgia can play a more significant role in fan travel behavior than has heretofore been recognized and that nostalgic appeals can foster repeat purchase.
Self-Handicapping in Rock Climbing: A Qualitative Approach

According to social psychologists, self-handicaps are impediments to successful performance created or reported by a person prior to performance (Berglas & Jones, 1978; Covington, 1992; Hirt, Deppe, & Gordon, 1991). Theoretically, the use of self-handicaps allows people to capitalize on the attributional principles of discounting (or protection) and augmentation (Kelley, 1972). Moreover, self-handicapping is stimulated by evaluative situations where uncertainty exists about the likelihood of success (Berglas & Jones, 1978), and where failure could pose a threat to private or public esteem (Prapavessis & Grove, 1998). Thus, sport competitions emphasize social comparison, contain uncertainty about performance outcomes on a task that is perceived as important, and for which evaluation standards depend on the performance of another (Self, 1990). Self-handicapping, then, can be used to protect the athletes in the face of potential failure. Nevertheless, Kolditz, and Arkin (1982) have argued that self-handicapping is primarily an impression management strategy. The sport competitions present considerable opportunity for impression management, the process through which persons monitor and control others’ impressions of themselves (Leary, 1992). Thus, there is evidence that handicapping serves as both a means of protecting one’s own self-esteem as well as a presentation strategy aimed at manipulating others’ perceptions (see Prapavessis, Grove, & Eklund, 2004, for a review). For these reasons, sport was considered to be an ideal social context to examine self-handicapping. Clearly, it is important to differentiate between behavioral and self-reported handicapping (Hirt et al., 1991). Martin and Brawley (2002) suggested that the majority of self-handicaps relevant in sport settings would be impediments rather than behavioral self-handicaps. Thus, descriptive information about the types of handicaps reported by athletes was gleaned from studies using an open-ended, “impediments approach” (e.g., Carron, Prapavessis, & Grove, 1994; Hausenblas & Carron, 1996; Prapavessis & Grove, 1998; Ryska, Yin, & Boyd, 1999;
“No One Has to Be Your Friend”: Asperger's Syndrome and the Vicious Cycle of Social Disorder in Late Modern Identity Markets

The past 40 years have seen a significant increase in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by social impairments and restricted or repetitive behaviors. This increase has been particularly marked in the United States, where prevalence estimates have risen from 1 in 2,500 children in 1987 to 1 in 88 today (Baio and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012; Ritvo et al. 1989). I argue that changing social environments are one factor contributing to this increase by altering trajectories of social development, particularly among those with social-cognitive vulnerabilities in the absence of comorbid intellectual impairment. In a sociocultural milieu in which friendships and other extra-familial relationships are increasingly determined by individual choice, with affiliations formed around likeability and the negotiation of mutual positive affect, those who are slower to develop nonverbal awareness, perspective taking, and emotional self-regulation are often excluded from the flow of social life. Such exclusion results in the rapid amplification of characteristics considered to be deviant, thus perpetuating worsening cycles of exclusion and atypical development.
Documentation of Information and Care Planning for Patients with Advanced Cancer

Objective: We evaluated the association between patient characteristics, utilization of care, and documentation of information and care planning. Methods: We abstracted chart documentation for 238 deceased patients with advanced cancer. Results: Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were documented in 34% of charts, advance directives in 19%, hospice discussion in 49%, and hospice referral in 36%. Compared to white patients, black patients had a higher odds of hospice discussion (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.11; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.76) and hospice referral (AOR 2.18; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.93). Documentation of advance directive and DNR order was associated with higher utilization of care. Conclusion: Black race was associated with higher odds of hospice discussion and referral in a primarily Medicaid population. Additional research is needed to explore variations in physician–patient discussion about hospice among different patient populations.
Antisocial personality disorder comorbid with borderline pathology and psychopathy is associated with severe violence in a forensic sample

Background: Evidence suggests the relationship between personality disorder (PD) and violence in offenders might be clarified by considering sub-groups of PD offenders defined by patterns of PD comorbidity. Aim: to identify patterns of PD comorbidity associated with severe violence, defined by its severity, quantity and age of onset (Violence Index: VI) in a forensic sample of 100 PD offenders. Methods: Correlations were first computed between VI and a range of personality and criminological variables; next, patients with antisocial/borderline comorbidity were compared with other PD patients; finally, regression analysis was conducted to identify unique predictors of VI. Results: The antisocial deviance factor of psychopathy and antisocial/borderline comorbidity were each significantly and independently associated with severe violence. Patients showing both a high psychopathy score and antisocial/borderline comorbidity had a significantly greater VI than those without these characteristics. Conclusion: PD patients with high psychopathy co-occurring with borderline and antisocial PDs show a criminal profile characterised by a high degree of serious violence.
Fraudulent ID using face morphs: Experiments on human and automatic recognition

Matching unfamiliar faces is known to be difficult, and this can give an opportunity to those engaged in identity fraud. Here we examine a relatively new form of fraud, the use of photo-ID containing a graphical morph between two faces. Such a document may look sufficiently like two people to serve as ID for both. We present two experiments with human viewers, and a third with a smartphone face recognition system. In Experiment 1, viewers were asked to match pairs of faces, without being warned that one of the pair could be a morph. They very commonly accepted a morphed face as a match. However, in Experiment 2, following very short training on morph detection, their acceptance rate fell considerably. Nevertheless, there remained large individual differences in people’s ability to detect a morph. In Experiment 3 we show that a smartphone makes errors at a similar rate to ‘trained’ human viewers—i.e. accepting a small number of morphs as genuine ID. We discuss these results in reference to the use of face photos for security.
The Assessment for Integration into Mainstream Settings (AIMS) Assessment System: Rationale, Instruments, Procedures, and Outcomes

The Assessment for Integration into Mainstream Settings (AIMS) system for use in mainstreaming handicapped children into less restrictive settings is described. AIMS is an ecological assessment system, consisting of five instruments, that makes it possible to (a) identify the minimal behavioral demands of less restrictive settings, (b) make use of this in formation in the systematic preparation of handicapped children for the behavioral demands that exist within them, and (6) directly assess the handicapped child's adjustment to academic and free-play settings following social integration. Following a brief review of the knowledge base on mainstreaming, three sections of the paper describe respectively (a) the AIMS assessment instruments and their uses; (b) validation studies, psychometric characteristics, and normative data; and (c) school applications of the AIMS system.
Sexual Career Paths of Black Adolescent Females

Using data from the 1982 Family Growth Cycle III variables predicting the sexual career paths of Black adolescent females were examined (N = 4,621). Results from this study indicated thatBlack adolescent females ofmiddle and high socioeconomic status became sexually active about the same age. However, age at first conception among Black adolescents of middle socioeconomic status was similar to Black adolescents of low socioeconomic status. Regardless of socioeconomic status, age at first conception for Black adolescent females occurred during late adolescence, with those of high socioeconomic status becoming pregnant later than Black adolescent females of middle or low socioeconomic status. Separate multiple-regression models (by socioeconomic status) were produced. Results from this analysis yielded different estimates for the onset offirst coitus, duration of preconception sexual activity period, and age at first conception among Black adolescent females. Findings from this study have implications for constructing profiles to identify Black adolescent females at risk of early sexual intercourse and early motherhood.
The impact of young age on breast cancer outcome.

AIMS We conducted a retrospective analysis in order to evaluate the impact of age on women aged less than 35 years affected by breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1972 and December 2006, 346 patients aged less than 35 years underwent adjuvant treatment at Florence University. The mean age of the patient population was 32 years (range 22-35): 76 patients were under 30 years old, the remaining were above 30 years old. RESULTS In our series, 215 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy to whole breast after conservative surgery, 131 patients underwent mastectomy without subsequent radiation therapy and 323 patients had lymphadenectomy; 191 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, 73 with anthracycline-containing regimen. With a median time of 2.5 years (range 6 months to 27.6 years) local relapses were observed in 67 cases (19.4%). At the multivariate analysis of local disease-free survival, ductal and ductal plus lobular histotypes, having more than 3 positive nodes, and age emerged as independent significant relapse predictors (p = 0.018, p = 0.0005, p = 0.003 and p = 0.024, respectively). For the DSS analysis, the median follow-up was 6.8 years (range 0.6-36.7 years). At the multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.0038), positive nodes (p = 0.0035) and distant metastases (p < 0.0001) resulted to be independent death predictors. Patients younger than 30 had a worse prognosis. At the univariate analysis also local relapse resulted to be statistically significant (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Anthracycline-based chemotherapy seems to improve the outcome of these patients. However, there is an urgent need for tailored treatment investigations within the framework of randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Promised Land? Immigration, Religiosity, and Space in Southern California

This article looks at how immigrants and their supporters appropriate and use religious space and other public spaces for religious and socio-political purposes in Southern California. While the everyday living conditions of many immigrants, particularly the unauthorized Latino immigrants, force unto them an embodied disciplinarity that maintains spatialities of restricted citizenship, the public appropriations of space for and through religious practices allow for them -even if only momentarily -to express an embodied transgression. This practice in public space helps realize spaces of freedom and hope, however ephemerally. Potentially, these rehearsing exercises can help revert internalized disempowering subjectivities and create social empowerment. Negative stereotypes about immigrants held by the larger public can also be challenged through these spatial practices, as the public demonstrations make visible the invisible. We focus on “Posadas Without Borders” and “the New Sanctuary Movement,” considering both the role of progressive civic and religious institutions in supporting immigrants and the agency of the immigrants themselves. The theoretical analysis builds on concepts drawn from a conversation between geography and religious and theological studies. We use a triangulated methodological approach that includes observation and participant observation, content-analysis of multimedia, interviews, and intellectual advocacy for the immigrant movement. The cases discussed here show that progressive religious groups and coalitions can be important allies to progressive planners, geographers, and policy makers in advancing social and environmental justice for the disenfranchised. They also show that the theological underpinnings of such groups share a lot in common with planning epistemologies for the just city.
Robotic Patient Transfer and Rehabilitation Device for Patient Care Facilities or the Home

This paper describes a novel Home Lift, Position and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, designed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to provide independent patient mobility for indoor tasks, such as moving to and placing a person on a toilet or bed, and lift assistance for tasks, such as accessing kitchen or other tall shelves. These functionalities are currently out of reach of most wheelchair users. One of the design motivations of the HLPR Chair is to reduce back injury, typically an important issue in the care of this group. The HLPR Chair is currently being extended to be an autonomous mobility device to assist cognition by route and trajectory planning. This paper describes the design of HLPR Chair, its control architecture, and algorithms for autonomous planning and control using its unique kinematics. Also included here is a description of the plan, simulation results and sensor performance measurements completed in preparation for an autonomous HLPR Chair demonstration, as well as the recent modifications to advance the HLPR Chair toward a commercial system.
Firm-Level Formalization and Auditor Performance on Complex Tasks

ABSTRACT: Formalization has been studied in a variety of contexts and continues to be a relevant and important construct. This study compares the performance of auditors from two public accounting firms with different degrees of formalization in their audit decision processes on four different tasks characterized by low or high levels of complexity. Results indicate that performance depends on the interaction between task complexity and degree of firm formalization. For the two less-complex tasks, auditors from both firms demonstrate comparable performance. In contrast, for the two relatively complex tasks, auditors from the less formalized firm outperform auditors from the more formalized firm. We argue that the use of less formalized processes affords increased opportunities for auditors to learn underlying concepts and to exercise judgment. These results contribute to the existing body of research, indicating that the decision to employ different levels of formalization can significantly impact the dev.
The Equivalence of Weighted Kappa and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as Measures of Reliability

or weighted kappa (Spitzer, Cohen, Fleiss and Endicott, 1967; Cohen, 1968a). Kappa is the proportion of agreement corrected for chance, and scaled to vary from -1 to +1 so that a negative value indicates poorer than chance agreement, zero indicates exactly chance agreement, and a positive value indicates better than chance agreement. A value of unity indicates perfect agreement. The use of kappa implicitly assumes that all disagreements are equally serious. When the investigator can specify the relative seriousness of each kind of disagreement, he may employ weighted kappa, the proportion of weighted agreement corrected for chance. For measuring the reliability of quantitative scales, the product-moment and intraclass correlation coefficients are widely