Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scandinavian participatory design: dialogic curation with teenagers

Yarosh and colleagues voice a need to explicitly reveal values that drive our IDC research studies to avoid 'cargo cult science'. As Scandinavian Participatory Design (PD) approach is a highly values-led design approach, and is gaining importance in IDC research, we discuss the underlying values of democracy, quality of work and emancipation of this approach. We present a case study, Digital Natives, in which the Scandinavian PD approach was put into practice. Here we involved seven teenagers in the design of an interactive museum exhibition. We discuss how this particular approach effects key design activities such as the establishment of the design space, power relations among participants, the dialogical design process, project evaluation and the final outcome of the project. We conclude that the end goal of Scandinavian PD is not necessarily the final research prototype. Rather, in Scandinavian PD, designers strive to provide children with meaningful alternatives to existing technologies. It is to help children realize, that when it comes to the design of future technologies, they actually have a choice.
Vom freien Willen zur Selbstdetermination

Zusammenfassung. Der Begriff der Willensfreiheit ist mit einer Reihe alltagspsychologischer Intuitionen verbunden. Dazu gehort die Vorstellung, dass man auch unter identischen Bedingungen anders hatte handeln und entscheiden konnen, dass ein bewusstes Selbst (bzw. eine zentrale innere Steuerinstanz) Urheber willentlicher Handlungen ist und dass bewusste Absichten die unmittelbaren Ausloser von Willenshandlungen sind. Das destruktive Ziel dieses Beitrags besteht darin zu zeigen, dass es Willensfreiheit in dem Sinn, wie er sich in diesen Intuitionen ausdruckt, nicht gibt und nicht geben kann. Das konstruktive Ziel besteht darin, auf der Basis einer volitionspsychologischen Analyse der Funktionsprinzipien der willentlichen Handlungssteuerung eine alternative Konzeption von Willensfreiheit zu begrunden, der zufolge willentliches Handeln nicht indeterminiert ist, sondern auf besondere Weise (durch Antizipationen von Handlungseffekten und zukunftigen Bedurfnissen) determiniert ist. Diese Interpretation von Will.
Fatigue in the shipping industry

Fatigue is a 'reduction in physical and/or mental capacity as the result of physical, mental, or emotional exertion which may impair nearly all physical abilities including: strength, speed, reaction time, coordination, decision making or balance'. The literature is quite clear on the debilitating effect of fatigue on (different aspects of) performance. Fatigue behaviours that are often mentioned when fatigue was considered to be a cause of collisions and groundings are 'activation problems', meaning decreased vigilance and decreased alertness, and 'perception (and sensory input) limitations', meaning a reliance on visual inputs, decreased attention to peripheral stimuli, uncertainty of the observations, and decreased communication. Particularly these fatigue behaviours are often found in reports from collisions and groundings occurring between 00:00 to 04:00 hours, but are also quite prevalent in collisions and groundings occurring between 20:00 to 00:00 hours. Because several organisations are already active in increasing the monitoring of causes, behaviours and consequences of fatigue, this option was not selected to be assessed on its consequences for the shipping industry and maritime.
High-rank elliptic curves with torsion Z / 2 Z × Z / 4 Z induced by Diophantine triples

We construct an elliptic curve over the ﬁeld of rational functions with torsion group Z / 2 Z × Z / 4 Z and rank equal to four, and an elliptic curve over Q with the same torsion group and rank nine. Both results improve previous records for ranks of curves of this torsion group. They are obtained by considering elliptic curves induced by Diophantine triples.
The Use of Problem-Solving Therapy and Restraint-Free Environment for the Management of Depression and Agitation in Long-Term Care

We demonstrate the use of behavioral techniques with older adults in long-term care settings, using two case examples. Ms. N is an 81-year-old woman with mild cognitive impairment who attended 12 sessions of problem-solving therapy for ongoing depression. Her Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale score of 30 (moderate levels of depression) decreased to 6 (not depressed) following treatment. Mr. K is a 77-year-old male with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease who was referred for treatment of behavioral problems. Following 10 weeks of restraint free environment, his Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory score declined from 60 (moderate behavioral problems) to 38 (minimal problem behaviors), indicating a significant reduction in agitation. Through these two cases, we provide a description of behavioral interventions for the treatment of depression and behavioral problems in long-term care settings.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography in Juvenile Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina)

Retinal topography in juvenile harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) was analyzed in retinal wholemounts stained with cresyl violet. A region of highest ganglion cell density, i.e., an area centralis, was identified in the temporal retina at a mean distance of 7.7 mm from the papilla (mean peak ganglion cell density 3,952 cells/mm2). With an estimated posterior nodal distance of 21 mm, this value corresponds to 531 cells/deg2. Retinal resolution was calculated as 11.5 cycles/deg under water and 8.7 cycles/deg in air, which is better than the corresponding behaviorally assessed visual acuities. In the region of high ganglion cell density, the ganglion cell layer comprised 1–2 cell layers. From there a moderate visual streak with a ganglion cell density of approximately 1,000 cells/mm2 extended into the nasal retina. The latter two features together with the absolute ganglion cell density render the harbor seal retina more similar to that of terrestrial carnivores than to that of other pinnipeds.
Driving innovation: Lessons from understanding sticky knowledge and innovation diffusion

The aim of this paper is to explain how sticky-knowledge theory (Szulanski, 1996;2003) is applicable to both knowledge transfer as well as innovation diffusion when applied to promoting innovation. Knowledge about how innovation drivers and inhibitors can assist project-based organisations to be more competitive is important in improving processes of applying innovation that can enhance project management (PM) practice and performance. Thus, a model of reducing stickiness of knowledge transfer will be offered using results from two recently completed PhDs on organisational learning and innovation diffusion. That highly practical research work focussed upon three large construction organisations that are representative of the top tier of less than 10 global contracting organisations based in Australia that each has an annual turnover of about £200 million. We combine those results with findings from another part of that research work relating to developing capability maturity models (CMMs). This paper presents lessons learned from research upon highly competitive and commercially successful organisations that routinely practice project management in their core business. The paper concludes that sticky knowledge provides a useful way of understanding the forces of inertia that often undermine effective knowledge transfer. A key finding is that closer attention to people, process and technology interaction could be used to reduce knowledge stickiness. Also measurement of the impact of stickiness on innovation can be measured using a CMM approach.
Pay satisfaction and work-family conflict across time

Summary On the basis of justice and exchange theories, the authors propose that employees offset their levels of work–family conflict (WFC) with their levels of pay satisfaction. Results based on two waves of data indicate that pay satisfaction has a negative relationship with WFC after controlling for actual pay and other work-related and family-related variables. Analysis of pay satisfaction dimensions reveals that satisfaction with benefits and pay structure are negatively related to WFC, whereas satisfaction with pay level and pay raise are not. Number of dependents and level of education moderate the relationship between pay satisfaction and WFC; specifically, having more dependents and higher education attenuates the relationship between pay satisfaction and WFC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Criminal Offending around the Time of Marriage

Objectives: The authors investigate whether the argument from life-course criminology that marriage leads to reduction in crime or whether the mechanisms leading to lower crime rates might take effect in a period of courtship before the transition to marriage. Method: Using data from population-wide, longitudinal Norwegian administrative registers, the authors estimate within-individual offending propensities before and after marriage for all men marrying in Norway 1997–2001. This approach allows for studying how offending develops over a decade around the time of marriage, for those men who actually marry. Results: The propensity to offend declines sharply prior to marriage. After marriage, there is a small increase in offending. This holds both for all offenses and when the analysis is restricted to felony offenses. Conclusions: The analysis provides no evidence for an effect of marriage on offending. Rather, the results suggest that the lower offending rates of marrieds develop over the years prior to marriage rather than as a consequence of the marriage.
Use of a dummy (pacifier) during sleep and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): population based case-control study

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between use of a dummy (pacifier) during sleep and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in relation to other risk factors. Design Population based case-control study. Setting Eleven counties in California. Participants Mothers or carers of 185 infants whose deaths were attributed to SIDS and 312 randomly selected controls matched for race or ethnicity and age. Main outcome measure Use of a dummy during sleep determined through interviews. Results The adjusted odds ratio for SIDS associated with using a dummy during the last sleep was 0.08 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.21). Use was associated with a reduction in risk in every category of sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors examined. The reduced risk associated with use seemed to be greater with adverse sleep conditions (such as sleeping prone or on side and sleeping with a mother who smoked), although the observed interactions were not significant. In addition, use of a dummy may reduce the impact of other risk factors for SIDS, especially those related to adverse sleep environment. For example, infants who did not use a dummy and slept prone or on their sides (v on their back) had an increased risk of SIDS (2.61, 1.56 to 4.38). In infants who used dummies, there was no increased risk associated with sleeping position (0.66, 0.12 to 3.59). While cosleeping with a mother who smoked was also associated with increased risk of SIDS among infants who did not use a dummy (4.5, 1.3 to 15.1), there was no such association among those who did (1.1, 0.1 to 13.4). Conclusions Use of a dummy seems to reduce the risk of SIDS and possibly reduces the influence of known risk factors in the sleep environment.
The Methodology of Experimental Economics: External Validity

The experimental approach in economics is a driving force behind some of the most exciting developments in the field. The 'experimental revolution' was based on a series of bold philosophical premises which have remained until now mostly unexplored. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis and critical discussion of the methodology of experimental economics, written by a philosopher of science with expertise in the field. It outlines the fundamental principles of experimental inference in order to investigate their power, scope and limitations. The author demonstrates that experimental economists have a lot to gain by discussing openly the philosophical principles that guide their work, and that philosophers of science have a lot to learn from their ingenious techniques devised by experimenters in order to tackle difficult scientific problems.
Return to work for severely injured survivors of the Christchurch earthquake: influences in the first 2 years

Abstract Purpose: This study looked at the influences on the return to work (RTW) in the first 2 years for people severely injured in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Method: We used a constructivist grounded theory approach using semi-structured interviews to collect data from 14 people injured in the earthquake. Results: Analysis elicited three themes that appeared to influence the process of RTW following the Christchurch earthquake. Living the earthquake experience, the individual’s experiences of the earthquake and how their injury framed their expectations; rebuilding normality, the desire of the participants to return to life as it was; while dealing with the secondary effects of the earthquake includes the earthquake specific effects which were both barriers and facilitators to returning to work. Conclusion: The consequences of the earthquake impacted on experience, process and outcome of RTW for those injured in the Christchurch Earthquake. Work and RTW appeared key tools to enhance recovery after serious injury following the earthquake. Implications for Rehabilitation The altered physical, social and economic environment must be considered when working on the return to work (RTW) of individuals with earthquake injuries. Providing tangible emotional and social support so injured earthquake survivors feel safe in their workplace may facilitate RTW. Engaging early with employers may assist the RTW of injured earthquake survivors.
« Polis Academy ». Talk-shows radiophoniques, pluralisme et citoyenneté en Ouganda

Chaque samedi, a Kampala, des citoyens se regroupent pour debattre de l’actualite selon des regles precises de prise de parole et de representation de la pluralite. Ces debats, retransmis en direct a la radio, mettent en scene un modele de democratie et de citoyennete en reinterpretant les mythes de la democratie representative comme de la democratie directe du « Mouvement ». Ces emissions sont l’occasion pour les journalistes, le pouvoir, l’opposition et certains profanes de negocier leur position dans l’espace politique ougandais du passage au multipartisme.
Semantic Documentation in Requirements Engineering

Currently, most requirements documents are prepared using desktop text editors. These documents are intended to be used by human readers. In this paper, we discuss the use of semantic annotations in requirements documents, in order to make information regarding links between requirements and other software artifacts, such as other requirements, use cases, classes and test cases, interpretable by computers. To do that, we extend a semantic document management platform to the requirements domain, and explore the conceptualization established by the Software Requirements Reference Ontology in order to provide features to support some activities of the Requirement Engineering Process, namely: prioritizing requirements, analyzing impacts from requirements changes, tracing requirements through traceability matrices, and verifying requirements using checklists.
A Comparison of the Stability of Factor Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Rescaled Image Analysis

Theoretical problems with the factor analysis model have resulted in increased interest in component analysis as an alternative. It is therefore of interest to assess empirically some of the asserted differences between the methods. One of the positive features sometimes attributed to factor analysis, as opposed to component analysis, is superior stability of results under sampling from a population of variables. The comparative stability of three methods, Maximum Liklihood Factor Analysis, principal component analysis, and rescaled image analysis, is investigated. Random samples are drawn from a "population" of variables. The sample pattern is then compared with the corresponding population pattern. The results suggest that none of the three methods can be considered superior with respect to stability.
Effects of coaching on SAT I: Reasoning Test scores.

A College Board-sponsored survey of a nationally representative sample of 1995–96 SAT takers yielded a data base for more than 4, 000 examinees, about 500 of whom had attended formal coaching programs outside their schools. Several alternative analytical methods were used to estimate the effects of coaching on SAT I: Reasoning Test scores. The various analyses produced slightly different estimates. All of the estimates, however, suggested that the effects of coaching are far less than is claimed by major commercial test preparation companies. The revised SAT does not appear to be any more coachable than its predecessor.
Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an optical fibre long period grating with a calixarene anchored mesoporous thin film

A long period grating (LPG) modified with a mesoporous film infused with a functional compound, calix[4]arene, was employed for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The mesoporous film consisted of an inorganic part, of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) along with an organic moiety of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) polycation PAH, which was finally infused with functional compound, p-sulphanatocalix[4]arene (CA[4]). The LPG sensor was designed to operate at the phase matching turning point to provide the highest sensitivity. The sensing mechanism is based on the measurement of the refractive index (RI) change induced by the complexion of the VOCs with calix[4]arene (CA). The LPG modified with 5 cycles of (SiO2 NPs/PAH)5PAA responded to exposure to chloroform and benzene vapours. The sensitivity to humidity as an interfering parameter was also investigated.
Early Childhood Education as an Evolving ‘Community of Practice’ or as Lived ‘Social Reproduction’: Researching the ‘taken-for-granted’

Early childhood education within many English-speaking countries has evolved routines, practices, rituals, artefacts, symbols, conventions, stories and histories. In effect, practices have become traditions that have been named and reified, evolving a specialist discourse. What has become valued within the profession of early childhood education is essentially a Western view of childhood. Documents abound with statements on what is constituted as ‘good’ practice or ‘quality’ practice or even ‘best’ practice. But for whom is this practice best? This article examines early childhood education from a ‘communities of practice’ perspective, drawing upon the work of Goncu, Rogoff and Wenger to shed light on the levels of agency inherent in the profession.
Effect of Life Skills Training on Drug Abuse Preventive Behaviors among University Students

Background: Drug abuse is now-a-days one of the gravest social harms. Recent years have experienced a drastic rise in drug abuse among school and university students. Thus, the need for special attention to the issue is deemed important. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of life skills training on promotion of drug abuse preventive behaviors. Methods: This field trial experimental study was conducted on 60 students of Gonabad Medical University selected through quota random sampling and assigned randomly into two Intervention and control groups. Data were collected through a questionnaire, including two sections of demographic information and drug abuse preventive behaviors. The questionnaire was first assessed as to its validity and reliability and then administered both before and after educational intervention and also as a follow-up 4 years after intervention – Data were then analyzed using t-tests and Chi-square. Results: Comparison of post-test mean scores of drug abuse preventive behaviors of both groups showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) which remained stable 4 years after intervention. There was a significant relationship between father's educational level and drug abuse preventive behaviors (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Life skills’ training is effective in the promotion of drug abuse preventive behaviors of university students.
An Innovative Method for Testing Children's Achievement-Related Reactions

The present study, based on the work of Dweck (2000) and her description of helpless and mastery-orientated children, was designed to find a new, simple and economic way of assessing helplessness while testing a child's intelligence. Two hundred and thirty-two Austrian grammar-school children, previously classified as either helpless or mastery-oriented, were tested with the Adaptive Intelligence Diagnosticum (AID 2; Kubinger and Wurst, 2000), a German intelligence test-battery for children and adolescents. During the testing, the children were asked if they would prefer to continue with easier, equally difficult or harder items after each task block. Analysis of variance revealed that it is possible to identify helpless subjects during the regular test procedure with AID 2.
Factors Affecting Ballasted Flocculation Reactions

Ballasted flocculation represents a relatively new technology that shows promise of bringing improvements to the field of water and wastewater treatment. Ballasted flocculation involves the addition of a ballasting agent (high‐density microsand, sp gr = 2.65) to a chemically stabilized and coagulated suspension of particulate solids. Tests were conducted to determine the effect of eight independent parameters on the settling velocity of the resulting floc. Measurements showed settling velocities ranging from approximately 100 m/h for 0.5‐mm diameter particles to as high as 380 m/h for particles having effective diameters up to 7 mm. Settling velocities for discrete microsand particles and discrete ballasted flocs were found to fit conventional settling theory with reasonable accuracy. The most important factors contributing to the benefits of ballasted flocculation are the large floc sizes that can be maintained, the greater roundness of the floc particles, and a lower shape factor for the ballasted floc, which all contribute to higher settling rates. Higher settling rates allow for substantially smaller sedimentation units and decreased capital costs.
Interpreting Research on Gender Differences in Friendship: A Case for Moderation and a Plea for Caution

Research on gender and friendship has yielded a modal pattern of differences between women and men that is impressively robust. However, these differences are reported in ways that are sometimes misleading and often exaggerated, and that generally leave the impression of greater within-gender uniformity than is actually the case. In sum, the importance of gender differences in friendship is overemphasized. The present paper addresses some possible meanings of `importance' as applied to social research. It is intended to be a reminder of some widely acknowledged but easily overlooked points of interpretation concerning the kinds of data with which relationship researchers usually deal. Specific issues are the tendency to reify statistical significance, to overlook within-group variability, and to disregard the implications of gender as a subject variable. Moderation in interpreting and reporting differences and healthy skepticism are offered as simple hedges against exaggerating the importance of gender differences in friendship.