Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Optimization of Graph Decompositions by Lifted Multicuts

We study the set of all decompositions (clusterings) of a graph through its characterization as a set of lifted multicuts. This leads us to practically relevant insights related to the definition of a class of decompositions by must-join and must-cut constraints and related to the comparison of clusterings by metrics. To find optimal decompositions defined by minimum cost lifted multicuts, we establish some properties of some facets of lifted multicut polytopes, define efficient separation procedures and apply these in a branch-and-cut algorithm.
Body Fat Percentiles for German Children and Adolescents

Objective: The aim of this study was to define body fat percentiles for German children and adolescents aged 3–16 years using the largest German database. Methods: The study population included 11,632 girls and 11,604 boys. Data were pooled from: i) Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS), acquisition period: 1996–2008, n = 12,237; ii) ‘Better diet. More exercise. KINDERLEICHT-REGIONS’, acquisition period: 2007, n = 9,405; and iii) examination of Jena schoolchildren, acquisition period: 2005, n = 1,594. Body fat mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis using a population-specific algorithm. Data were weighted to achieve a representative sample for Germany. Percentile curves were constructed by the LMS method and proved by Worm plots and Q-statistic. Results: In both genders, the higher body fat percentile curves sloped downwards to age 7 years, whereas the lower percentiles declined up to 8.5 years. Thereafter fat mass remained nearly constant with age in boys and increased in girls. The 10th percentile achieved a minimum of 10–11% body fat in both genders, whereas the 90th percentile curve fluctuated between 29 and 44% in boys or 30–43% in girls. The association between fat mass and blood pressure was too weak to define disease-related cut-offs. Conclusion: These body fat percentiles are suitable reference values for German children and adolescents.
Constructing optical buffers with switches and fiber delay lines

Designing optical buffer is still challenge for supporting all optical packet switching. The current practice is to emulate the optical buffer functions through a combination of switch and fiber delay lines (SDL). In this paper we introduce the recent progress on this line, in particular, the SDL-based emulation of optical queues, connectors and buffers.
The Black Charter School Effect: Black Students in American Charter Schools

Abstract:This literature analysis examines the experiences of Black students in public charter schools in the United States by analyzing the current literature and enrollment data in this domain. Through the investigation of multiple empirical studies that examine the effects of charter schools on the academic achievement and enrollment trends of Black students, the author introduces the concept of “The Black Charter School Effect. ” The Black Charter School Effect encompasses the ability of public charter schools to successfully attract, and in many cases, educate Black students. This analysis offers implications for policymakers to consider the redesign of state charter laws that impact urban communities.
The epidemiological transition in Antananarivo, Madagascar: an assessment based on death registers (1900–2012)

Background Madagascar today has one of the highest life expectancies in sub-Saharan Africa, despite being among the poorest countries in the continent. There are relatively few detailed accounts of the epidemiological transition in this country due to the lack of a comprehensive death registration system at the national level. However, in Madagascar's capital city, death registration was established around the start of the 20th century and is now considered virtually complete. Objective We provide an overview of trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Antananarivo to document the timing and pace of the mortality decline and the changes in the cause-of-death structure. Design Death registers covering the period 1976–2012 were digitized and the population at risk of dying was estimated from available censuses and surveys. Trends for the period 1900–1976 were partly reconstructed from published sources. Results The crude death rate stagnated around 30‰ until the 1940s in Antananarivo. Mortality declined rapidly after the World War II and then resurged again in the 1980s as a result of the re-emergence of malaria and the collapse of Madagascar's economy. Over the past 30 years, impressive gains in life expectancy have been registered thanks to the unabated decline in child mortality, despite political instability, a lasting economic crisis and the persistence of high rates of chronic malnutrition. Progress in adult survival has been more modest because reductions in infectious diseases and diseases of the respiratory system have been partly offset by increases in cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and other diseases, particularly at age 50 years and over. Conclusions The transition in Antananarivo has been protracted and largely dependent on anti-microbial and anti-parasitic medicine. The capital city now faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. The ongoing registration of deaths in the capital generates a unique database to evaluate the performance of the health system and measure intervention impacts.
A coupled vertically integrated model to describe lateral exchanges between surface and subsurface in large alluvial floodplains with a fully penetrating river

This paper presents a vertically averaged model for studying water and solute exchanges between a large river and its adjacent alluvial aquifer. The hydraulic model couples horizontal 2D Saint Venant equations for river flow and a 2D Dupuit equation for aquifer flow. The dynamic coupling between river and aquifer is provided by continuity of fluxes and water level elevation between the two domains. Equations are solved simultaneously by linking the two hydrological system matrices in a single global matrix in order to ensure the continuity conditions between river and aquifer and to accurately model two‐way coupling between these two domains. The model is applied to a large reach (about 36 km2) of the Garonne River (south‐western France) and its floodplain, including an instrumented site in a meander. Simulated hydraulic heads are compared with experimental measurements on the Garonne River and aquifer in the floodplain. Model verification includes comparisons for one point sampling date (27 piezometers, 30 March 2000) and for hydraulic heads variations measured continuously over 5 months (5 piezometers, 1 January to 1 June 2000). The model accurately reproduces the strong hydraulic connections between the Garonne River and its aquifer, which are confirmed by the simultaneous variation of the water level in the river and in piezometers located near the river bank. The simulations also confirmed that the model is able to reproduce groundwater flow dynamics during flood events. Given these results, the hydraulic model was coupled with a solute‐transport component, based on advection‐dispersion equations, to investigate the theoretical dynamics of a conservative tracer over 5 years throughout the 36 km2 reach studied. Meanders were shown to favour exchanges between river and aquifer, and although the tracer was diluted in the river, the contamination moved downstream from the injection plots and affected both river banks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
"E-discussion": a group support system for co-present knowledge sharing

Purpose – This paper aims to inform the design of competence development systems for project management, based on a situated learning design framework.Design/methodology/approach – An interpretive action research study of a group support system (GSS) (“e‐discussion”) for co‐present knowledge sharing, applied in a corporate context to promote the development of project management competence.Findings – An in‐depth qualitative description finds the way that “e‐discussion” supported and structured group interaction.Research limitations/implications – Broader findings pertaining to the underlying situated learning design framework are not presented.Practical implications – The paper offers a practical method to support development of project management competence and thoughts about possible modifications in its implementation.Originality/value – The paper addresses research needs for improved understanding of competence development systems; design frameworks and design concepts based on situated learning theor.
Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases Hydroxycarbamine: from an Old Drug Used in Malignant Hemopathies to a Current Standard in Sickle Cell Disease

While hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea, HU) has less and fewer indications in malignant hemopathies, it represents the only widely used drug which modifies sickle cell disease pathogenesis. Clinical experience with HU for patients with sickle cell disease has been accumulated over the past 25 years in Western countries. The review of the literature provides increasing support for safety and efficacy in both children and adults for reducing acute vaso-occlusive events including pain episodes and acute chest syndrome. No increased incidence of leukemia and teratogenicity was demonstrated. HU has become the standard-of-care for sickle cell anemia but remains underused. Barriers to its use should be identified and overcome. Citation: Cannas G, Poutrel S and Thomas X. Hydroxycarbamine: from an old drug used in malignant hemopathies to a current standard in sickle cell disease. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Antioxidative and Antiatherosclerotic Effects of Human Apolipoprotein A-IV in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Abstract—Mice expressing human apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) mainly in the intestine were obtained in an apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE0) background (apoA-IV/E0 mice). Quantification of aortic lesions and plasma lipid determination showed that compared with their control apoE0 counterparts, the apoA-IV/E0 mice are protected against atherosclerosis without an increase in HDL cholesterol. Because oxidized lipoproteins play an important role in atherogenesis, we tested whether the protection observed in these animals is accompanied by an in vivo reduction of the oxidation parameters. The lag time in the formation of conjugated dienes during copper-mediated oxidation, the aggregation state of LDL, and the presence of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies were measured. The presence of oxidized proteins in tissues and the presence of oxidation-specific epitopes in heart sections of atherosclerotic lesions were also analyzed. Except for lag time, the results showed that the oxidation parameters were reduced in the apoA-IV/E0 mice compared with the apoE0 mice. This suggests that human apoA-IV acts in vivo as an antioxidant. In addition, human apoA-IV accumulation was detected in the atherosclerotic lesions of apoA-IV/E0 mice, suggesting that apoA-IV may inhibit oxidative damage to local tissues, thus decreasing the progression of atherosclerosis.
Making connections for life: An in vivo map of the yeast interactome

Proteins are the true workhorses of any cell. To carry out specific tasks, they frequently bind other molecules in their surroundings. Due to their structural complexity and flexibility, the most diverse array of interactions is seen with other proteins. The different geometries and affinities available for such interactions typically bestow specific functions on proteins. Having available a map of protein‐protein interactions is therefore of enormous importance for any researcher interested in gaining insight into biological systems at the level of cells and organisms. In a recent report, a novel approach has been employed that relies on the spontaneous folding of complementary enzyme fragments fused to two different proteins to test whether these interact in their actual cellular context [Tarassov et al., Science 320, 1465–1470 (2008)]. Genome‐wide application of this protein‐fragment complementation assay has resulted in the first map of the in vivo interactome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current data show striking similarities but also significant differences to those obtained using other large‐scale approaches for the same task. This warrants a general discussion of the current state of affairs of protein‐protein interaction studies and foreseeable future trends, highlighting their significance for a variety of applications and their potential to revolutionize our understanding of the architecture and dynamics of biological systems.
Response of Vegetables to Cadmium-Enriched Soil

Environmental and water pollution through heavy metals is a growing concern. The recycling of untreated wastewater, which is often contaminated with heavy metals, for agricultural applications is becoming more popular. However, information on the amount of absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) at variable concentrations by different crops is limited. This study aims to analyze the impact of various Cd concentrations (0, 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) in the root zone on the quantity of its absorption as well as accumulation in various parts of seven different types of common vegetables. The experiments were carried out under laboratory-like controlled conditions. Four treatments and three replicates were selected. Cadmium accumulation exceeded the permissible limits for human consumption, and its accumulation in different plant parts followed this order: Leaves: broccoli > spinach > basil > garlic > carrot > tarragon > dill. Stems: broccoli > spinach > basil > garlic > tarragon > carrot > dill. Roots: broccoli > garlic > basil > spinach > carrot > dill > tarragon. Therefore, the authors recommend the reuse of treated wastewater, which should be virtually free of contaminants such as heavy metals, to irrigate farm lands in the future.
Potassium Retention under Salt Stress Is Associated with Natural Variation in Salinity Tolerance among Arabidopsis Accessions

Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses during their life cycle such as salt, drought and cold. Natural variation mediated plant growth adaptation has been employed as an effective approach in response to the diverse environmental cues such as salt stress. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. In the present study, a collection of 82 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions (ecotypes) was screened with a view to identify variation for salinity tolerance. Seven accessions showed a higher level of tolerance than Col-0. The young seedlings of the tolerant accessions demonstrated a higher K+ content and a lower Na+/K+ ratio when exposed to salinity stress, but its Na+ content was the same as that of Col-0. The K+ transporter genes AtHAK5, AtCHX17 and AtKUP1 were up-regulated significantly in almost all the tolerant accessions, even in the absence of salinity stress. There was little genetic variation or positive transcriptional variation between the selections and Col-0 with respect to Na+-related transporter genes, as AtSOS genes, AtNHX1 and AtHKT1;1. In addition, under salinity stress, these selections accumulated higher compatible solutes and lower reactive oxygen species than did Col-0. Taken together, our results showed that natural variation in salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis seems to have been achieved by the strong capacity of K+ retention.
Paleostress reconstructions based on calcite twins in the Joseon Supergroup, northeastern Ogcheon Belt (South Korea)

Abstract Paleostress of the Joseon Supergroup in the northeastern part of the Ogcheon Belt, South Korea, is reconstructed in the Jecheon–Danyang area with the help of calcite twinning. In the study area, the average twin thickness and intensity increase with the total twin strain increase. From the appearance of twins, the average twin thickness and intensity, and the total twin strain, it is estimated that calcite twins were produced under temperatures lower than 200°C. The maximum shortening axis in the study area changes orientation from northeast–southwest to NNW–SSE or northwest–southeast, and finally to north–south. We suggest these three distinct stages with different orientations of the maximum shortening axis can be correlated with: (i) the Paleozoic to Early Jurassic Songrim orogeny; (ii) the Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic Daebo orogeny; and (iii) the Cretaceous Bulgugsa orogeny.
Fusion of Leap Motion and Kinect Sensors for Improved Field of View and Accuracy for VR Applications

Kinect and Leap Motion sensors are commonly used for tracking applications today. However, both sensors have failure modes in particular tracking scenarios. The Kinect sensor is very sensitive to the orientation of the user with respect to the sensor and is susceptible to occlusions. The Leap Motion senor has a limited range and field of view, but is far more accurate than the Kinect. In this paper, these two sensor are combined to utilize the range and field of view of the Kinect sensor with the accuracy of the Leap Motion. A virtual reality (VR) game is used to demonstrate this tracking system and evaluated via user feedback. Based on the feedback from users it can be seen that users perceive the combined system to be more seamless to interact with as they do not need to worry much about the physical space of hand interaction.
NK Cell Inhibitory Receptor Ly-49C Residues Involved in MHC Class I Binding1

Mouse NK cells express Ly-49 receptors specific for classical MHC class I molecules. Several of the Ly-49 receptors have been characterized in terms of function and ligand specificity. However, the only Ly-49 receptor-ligand interaction previously described in detail is that between Ly-49A and H-2Dd, as studied by point mutations in the ligand and the crystal structure of the co-complex of these molecules. It is not known whether other Ly-49 receptors bind MHC class I in a similar manner as Ly-49A. Here we have studied the effect of mutations in Ly-49C on binding to the MHC class I molecules H-2Kb, H-2Db, and H-2Dd. The MHC class I molecules were used as soluble tetramers to stain transiently transfected 293T cells expressing the mutated Ly-49C receptors. Three of nine mutations in Ly-49C led to loss of MHC class I binding. The three Ly-49C mutations that affected MHC binding correspond to Ly-49A residues that are in contact or close to H-2Dd in the co-crystal, demonstrating that MHC class I binding by Ly-49C is dependent on residues in the same area as that used by Ly-49A for ligand contacts.
Pressure effects on the joint elastic‐electrical properties of reservoir sandstones

We conducted a laboratory study of the joint elastic‐electrical properties of sixty‐three brine‐saturated sandstone samples to assess the likely impact of differential pressure (confining minus pore fluid pressures) in the range 8–60 MPa on the joint interpretation of marine seismic and controlled‐source electromagnetic survey data. The samples showed a wide range of petrophysical properties representative of most sandstone reservoirs. We found that a regression equation comprising both a constant and an exponential part gave a good fit to the pressure dependence of all five measured geophysical parameters (ultrasonic P‐ and S‐wave velocity, attenuation and electrical resistivity). Electrical resistivity was more pressure‐sensitive in clay‐rich sandstones with higher concentrations of low aspect ratio pores and micropores than in clean sandstones. Attenuation was more pressure‐sensitive in clean sandstones with large open pores (macropores) than in clay‐rich sandstones. Pore shape did not show any influence on the pressure sensitivity of elastic velocity. As differential pressure increases, the effect of the low aspect ratio pores and micropores on electrical resistivity becomes stronger than the effect of the macropores on attenuation. Further analysis of correlations among the five parameters as a function of pressure revealed potentially diagnostic relationships for geopressure prediction in reservoir sandstones.
Single-shot thermal energy mapping of semiconductor devices with the nanosecond resolution using holographic interferometry

A novel two-dimensional backside optical imaging method for thermal energy mapping inside semiconductor devices is presented. The method is based on holographic interferometry from the device backside and uses the thermo-optical effect. An image of the local thermal energy is obtained with 5-ns time resolution using a single stress pulse. The technique allows a unique recording of the internal device behavior. The method is demonstrated analyzing the nonrepetitive thermal and current flow dynamics in smart power electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices. A spreading of the current during the stress pulse is observed and explained by the effect of the negative temperature dependence of the impact ionization coefficient.
LymphocytesInduce CD103 Expression in Human CD8 T Smad and NFAT Pathways Cooperate To

The interaction of integrin a E (CD103) b 7 , often expressed on tumor-inﬁltrating T lymphocytes, with its cognate ligand, the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin on tumor cells, plays a major role in antitumor CTL responses. CD103 is induced on CD8 T cells upon TCR engagement and exposure to TGF- b 1, abundant within the tumor microenvironment. However, the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the cooperative role of these two signaling pathways in inducing CD103 expression in CD8 T lymphocytes remain unknown. Using a human CTL system model based on a CD8 + /CD103 2 T cell clone speciﬁc of a lung tumor–associated Ag, we demonstrated that the transcription factors Smad2/3 and NFAT-1 are two critical regulators of this process. We also identiﬁed promoter and enhancer elements of the human ITGAE gene, encoding CD103, involved in its induction by these transcriptional regulators. Overall, our results explain how TGF- b 1 can participate in CD103 expression on locally TCR-engaged Ag-speciﬁc CD8 T cells, thus contributing to antitumor CTL responses and cancer cell destruction. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192: 000–000.
Children's Question Asking and Curiosity: A Training Study.

between helpful and not helpful questions. Preliminary analyses suggest that children can benefit differently on these tasks with different training protocols and that training in specific skills can transfer to other related skills, and that curiosity level might influence the effectiveness of the interventions. Final analyses will be conducted after data collection is complete. There were limitations in using the same measures across age group, because older children were more likely to test-out of the study at pretest. Additionally, forms of some measures differed in difficulty level and could not be counterbalanced between pretest and posttests, so it is not possible to look at gain on those measures although they do provide pretest ability and posttest ability in order to investigate group differences. This study describes new approaches of looking at the domain general inquiry skills curiosity and question asking, which – despite being present in science standards and curricula goals – are often overlooked in assessments. Preliminary results suggest effective methods of developing children’s question asking abilities, as well as for individualizing instruction for children differing in curiosity level.