Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Differential Diagnosis

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder of reproductive-aged women. It affects between 3.4–6.8% of this population. Common clinical symptoms of PCOS include menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, and often obesity. Long-term sequelae include anovulatory infertility, endometrial carcinoma, and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease due to type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and systolic hypertension. The diagnosis of PCOS is one of exclusion and is defined by the Rotterdam criteria which were established in 2004. However, several other endocrine disorders can closely resemble PCOS. It is important for practitioners to recognize and distinguish PCOS from other disorders in its differential. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to summarize the short-term reproductive and long-term metabolic consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), point out the importance of meeting the current criteria for diagnosis, and recall the recommended treatment related to the clinical presentation of the patient.
GeneHunter, a Transposon Tool for Identification and Isolation of Cryptic Antibiotic Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT GeneHunter is a transposon tool designed for the experimental activation and identification of silent antibiotic resistance genes. The method permits the identification of novel resistance genes that lack previously identified homologues. Using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 as a test organism for the in vivo version of the GeneHunter method, we were able to activate, clone, and identify two cryptic antibiotic resistance genes, the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase aac(6′)-Iaa and the probable Mar-A regulon activator rma. Because the method requires being able to electroporate the host with an efficiency of at least 1010 transformants per microgram, the in vivo method is not applicable to most microorganisms. We therefore developed an in vitro transposition method, showed that it can also recover the cryptic rma gene from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2, and showed that it is generally applicable to a variety of microorganisms by using it to recover a cryptic metallo-β-lactamase gene from the gram-positive organism Bacillus cereus. It is anticipated that the GeneHunter method will be used to identify potential resistance genes during the development and testing of novel antibiotics, new variants of existing antibiotics, and drug inhibitor combinations.
First-year Hybrid Spanish Courses: How Instructors Manage Their Time

This study examines how instructors managed their time when teaching a first-year hybrid Spanish course. The hybrid course differed from the traditional one in that 50% of the face-to-face teaching was replaced with online activities. Another marked difference between the traditional and the hybrid courses was that the latter enrolled 60 students per section, twice the number of students in traditional ones. The results indicate that instructors may not need to work significantly more time than they would in a traditional course, but the course coordinators’ tasks will increase, as they will have to set-up virtual master courses. The perception reported by instructors that they seem to work longer to manage a hybrid course may be a consequence of the increased frequency of certain tasks and how they are managed. In other words, more effort may be needed to manage a hybrid class while allocating the same amount of time as in a traditional class.
Criatividade na educação superior: fatores inibidores

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of higher education professors regarding inhibiting elements to the promotion of adequate conditions for the development and expression of students' creativity in the classroom. The participants were 338 professors from public and private higher education institutions, who completed a checklist of obstacles to the promotion of creativity in the classroom. Students with learning difficulties, students' lack of interest in the content taught, few opportunities to discuss and exchange ideas with colleagues about instructional strategies and large number of students in the classroom were the items with greater number of responses. Significant differences were observed among professors from public and private institutions of higher education in several items. Furthermore, a greater percentage of female, comparatively to male professors, pointed out the pressure to lecture classes on the part of the students and the extent of the course content to be covered during the semester.
Factors Underlying the Psychological and Behavioral Characteristics of Office of Strategic Services Candidates: The Assessment of Men Data Revisited

During World War II, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency, sought the assistance of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists to establish an assessment program for evaluating candidates for the OSS. The assessment team developed a novel and rigorous program to evaluate OSS candidates. It is described in Assessment of Men: Selection of Personnel for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS Assessment Staff, 1948). This study examines the sole remaining multivariate data matrix that includes all final ratings for a group of candidates (n = 133) assessed near the end of the assessment program. It applies the modern statistical methods of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to this rich and highly unique data set. An exploratory factor analysis solution suggested 3 factors underlie the OSS assessment staff ratings. Confirmatory factor analysis results of multiple plausible substantive models reveal that a 3-factor model provides the best fit to these data. The 3 factors are emotional/interpersonal factors (social relations, emotional stability, security), intelligence processing (effective IQ, propaganda skills, observing and reporting), and agency/surgency (motivation, energy and initiative, leadership, physical ability). These factors are discussed in terms of their potential utility for personnel selection within the intelligence community.
Alignment-free, self-calibrating elbow angles measurement using inertial sensors

Due to their relative ease of handling and low-cost, inertial measurement unit (IMU) based joint angle measurements are used for a widespread range of applications. These include sports performance, gait analysis and rehabilitation (e.g. Parkinson's disease monitoring or post-stroke assessment). However, a major downside of current algorithms recomposing human kinematics from IMU data is that they require calibration motions and/or the careful alignment of the IMUs respective to their body segment. In this article, we propose a new method, which is alignment free and self-calibrated using the arbitrary movements of the user and an initial zero reference arm pose. The proposed method utilizes real time optimization to identify the two dominant axes of rotation of the elbow joint. Using a two degree of freedom joint mimicking the human elbow, the performance of the algorithm was assessed by comparing the angles obtained from two IMUs to the ones obtained from a marker-based optical tracking system. The self-calibration proved to converge within seconds and the RMS errors with respect to the optical reference system were below 5°. Our method can be particularly useful in the field of telerehabilitation, where precise manual sensor to segment alignment as well as precise, predefined calibration movements are impractical.
Global Trends in Lifelong Learning and the Response of the Universities

The argument of this article is that higher education is forced to respond to the dominant social pressures of the day, especially the demands of advanced capitalism. Globalisation has produced an international division of labour with more knowledge-based workers in the West. Higher education in those countries has, consequently, endeavoured to respond to the demands of these workers in innovative ways and these changes point the direction that higher education elsewhere might have to go. However, some countries will not have sufficient knowledge-based workers to force changes in the higher education system and market-orientated Western universities will fill that gap through new means of delivery. Where universities are not responding to the needs of the international division of labour, transnational companies are taking the initiative in creating their own universities.
Interpersonal deception: V. Accuracy in deception detection

Previous research on accuracy in deception detection has typically occurred in a noninteractive context, which has resulted in many potentially salient influences being ignored. Guided by interpersonal deception theory, the current experiment examined the influences of suspicion, deception type, question type, relational familiarity, and expertise on accuracy in detecting truth and deceit. An adult sample of novices and a second sample of experts (military intelligence instructors and related military personnel) participated in interviews with strangers or acquaintances during which interviewees gave some truthful answers and some deceptive answers, the latter being one of three types. Interviewers, half of whom were induced to be suspicious, followed a standard interview protocol that introduced different question strategies. Results showed that (a) accuracy was much higher on truth than deception, (b) novices were more accurate than experts, (c) accuracy depended on type of deception being perpetrated a.
The Cry of the Child and its Relationship to Hearing Loss in Parental Guardians and Health Care Providers

In this study the authors investigate the sound pressure levels produced by crying children and discuss the possible adverse effects that direct exposure may impose on a tending guardian or healthcare professional. Sound intensity levels from various pediatric patients (N = 26) were measured under two segregate conditions, one imitating the exposure of an examining physician and the other resembling that of parental guardians. Interestingly, all of the recorded sound levels fell between 99–120 dB(A) of sound pressure; children presenting the greatest risk for intense cries with potentially harmful sound intensities were between the ages of 9 months and 6 years. The authors found that elevated noise levels produced from crying children can cause acute discomfort and mild pain to those exposed. In addition, there is a theoretical risk that chronic exposure to these intense sound pressures may result in noise-induced hearing loss in a parental guardian or an examining physician. Parents of young children may be more likely to succumb to impulsive reactions in attempting to arrest the crying, which could be a precipitating factor for child abuse, responding to physical stress as much as emotional stress. Social workers and medical personnel should consider suggesting the use of ear plugs by parental guardians of frequently crying children as a modality for the prevention of child abuse.
Global patterns of fragmentation and connectivity of mammalian carnivore habitat

Although mammalian carnivores are vulnerable to habitat fragmentation and require landscape connectivity, their global patterns of fragmentation and connectivity have not been examined. We use recently developed high-resolution habitat suitability models to conduct comparative analyses and to identify global hotspots of fragmentation and connectivity for the world's terrestrial carnivores. Species with less fragmentation (i.e. more interior high-quality habitat) had larger geographical ranges, a greater proportion of habitat within their range, greater habitat connectivity and a lower risk of extinction. Species with higher connectivity (i.e. less habitat isolation) also had a greater proportion of high-quality habitat, but had smaller, not larger, ranges, probably reflecting shorter distances between habitat patches for species with restricted distributions; such species were also more threatened, as would be expected given the negative relationship between range size and extinction risk. Fragmentation and connectivity did not differ among Carnivora families, and body mass was associated with connectivity but not fragmentation. On average, only 54.3 per cent of a species' geographical range comprised high-quality habitat, and more troubling, only 5.2 per cent of the range comprised such habitat within protected areas. Identification of global hotspots of fragmentation and connectivity will help guide strategic priorities for carnivore conservation.
Longstanding Hypoparathyroidism in a Fifty-Two-Year-Old Woman Misdiagnosed as Spondyloarthropathy

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism might cause various musculoskeletal findings, resembling Spondyloarthropathies. Case Presentation: We described a 52-year-old woman, diagnosed as a case of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy for ten years, who was unresponsive to classic anti-inflammatory therapies. She developed anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and had elevated muscle enzymes during the course of disease. On a routine checkup, marked hypocalcemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone levels were found. Calcium and calcitriol therapy led to clinical and laboratory improvement. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing rheumatic manifestations of hypoparathyroidism to preclude unnecessary treatments. Serum calcium should be included in the diagnostic workup of these patients.
Postpartum Endomyometritis

Endomyometritis following parturition is a major cause of maternal morbidity. It is most common following cesarean delivery, especially in certain high-risk patient populations. The infection is usually caused by bacteria in the cervicovaginal tract that are inoculated into the uterus during labor and delivery. Both anaerobes and aerobes are thought to be involved in the disease process. A prompt diagnosis based on clinical suspicion, a thorough physical examination, and adjunctive laboratory measures is necessary to insure effective therapy and prompt resolution of the infection. The treatment consists of supportive care and broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage either with single extended-spectrum drugs or with combinations of antimicrobials. In cases appropriately treated, recovery without sequelae is the rule.
Difficulties teachers report about students’ reflection: lessons learned from dance education

Despite its relevance to and inclusion in pedagogical practices, reflection is a challenging activity for students in tertiary dance education according to teachers. The aim of the current study was to further explore the challenges encountered in the pedagogical practice of reflection. Data on the difficulties of reflection were collected from 14 dance teachers using semi-structured interviews. The results revealed four categories of difficulty: general difficulties, difficulties describing an experience, difficulties evaluating an experience and difficulties relating to multiple perspectives. The reflection difficulties described in this study correspond to the reflection difficulties reported in other domains of higher education, and illuminate how reflection activities could be facilitated more effectively.
Spectrum Auction for Differential Secondary Wireless Service Provisioning With Time-Dependent Valuation Information

In this paper, we propose a spectrum auction mechanism for secondary spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. Different from existing works in the literature, the time-dependent buyer valuation information is employed in the proposed mechanism so that the primary spectrum owner (PO) can determine more favorable spectrum allocations and pricing functions in order to maximize the expected auction revenue. In addition, to exploit the temporal spectrum reusability, the proposed mechanism allows each secondary wireless user to declare its specific time preferences, including service starting time, delay tolerance, and service length. By further considering the heterogeneities in secondary wireless service provisioning, the proposed mechanism is able to support heterogeneous forms (continuous or disjointed spectrum usages) of secondary spectrum requests. Specifically, at the beginning of the auction frame, secondary wireless users report their different spectrum usage requests along with the bidding prices, while the PO decides a single-step spectrum allocation and calculates the payment for each winner based on not only the received bids but also the known time-dependent valuation information. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the proposed auction mechanism can satisfy all desired economic properties, and can improve the spectrum allocation efficiency and auction revenue compared with counterparts.
Clinical and MRI Predictors of Outcome After Surgical Intervention for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older individuals. Controversy remains in terms of the optimal timing and indications for surgical intervention. In this context, it would be of benefit to define clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predictors of outcome after intervention for CSM.
Stress‐Strength Reliability Analysis with Extreme Values based on q‐Exponential Distribution

When dealing with practical problems of stress–strength reliability, one can work with fatigue life data and make use of the well‐known relation between stress and cycles until failure. For some materials, this kind of data can involve extremely large values. In this context, this paper discusses the problem of estimating the reliability index R = P(Y < X) for stress–strength reliability, where stress Y and strength X are independent q‐exponential random variables. This choice is based on the q‐exponential distribution's capability to model data with extremely large values. We develop the maximum likelihood estimator for the index R and analyze its behavior by means of simulated experiments. Moreover, confidence intervals are developed based on parametric and nonparametric bootstrap. The proposed approach is applied to two case studies involving experimental data: The first one is related to the analysis of high‐cycle fatigue of ductile cast iron, whereas the second one evaluates the specimen size effects on gigacycle fatigue properties of high‐strength steel. The adequacy of the q‐exponential distribution for both case studies and the point and interval estimates based on maximum likelihood estimator of the index R are provided. A comparison between the q‐exponential and both Weibull and exponential distributions shows that the q‐exponential distribution presents better results for fitting both stress and strength experimental data as well as for the estimated R index. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of eastward propagating convection systems in the diurnal cycle and seasonal mean of summertime rainfall over the U.S. Great Plains

By diagnosing the 3‐hourly North American Regional Reanalysis rainfall data set for the 1979–2003 period, it is illustrated that the eastward propagation of convection systems from the Rockies to the Great Plains plays an essential role for the warm season climate over the central U.S. This eastward propagating mode could be the deciding factor for the observed nocturnal rainfall peak over the Great Plains. The results also suggest that nearly half of the total summer mean rainfall over this region is associated with these propagating convection systems. For instance, the extreme wet condition of the 1993 summer may be attributed to the frequent occurrence of propagating convection events and enhanced diurnal rainfall amplitude over the Great Plains. Thus, proper representation of this important propagating component in GCMs is essential for simulating the diurnal and seasonal mean characteristics of summertime rainfall over the central US.
An analysis of Internet chat systems

In our quest to better understand network traffic dynamics, we examine Internet chat systems. Although chat as an application does not contribute huge amounts of traffic, chat systems are known to be habit-forming. This implies that catering to such users can be a promising way of attracting them, especially in low bandwidth environments such as wireless networks. Unfortunately there is no common protocol base for chat systems. Rather there are a multitude of protocol variants whose specifications, with some exceptions, such as IRC and ICQ, are unavailable or ill defined. In addition, chat systems are often layered on top of other application protocols like HTTP. Therefore there is no simple way of even identifying chat traffic. In this paper we show how to separate chat traffic from other Internet traffic and present the results of an extensive validation of our methodology. Using our methodology we gather a week long trace of all chat traffic that crosses a 155 Mbit/s link from the Saarland University to the Internet and present an initial characterization.
Dating Violence among High-Risk Young Women: A Systematic Review Using Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

Our systematic review identified 21 quantitative articles and eight qualitative articles addressing dating violence among high risk young women. The groups of high-risk young women in this review include street-involved, justice-involved, pregnant or parenting, involved with Child Protective Services, and youth diagnosed with a mental health issue. Our meta-analysis of the quantitative articles indicated that 34% (CI = 0.24–0.45) of high-risk young women report that they have been victims of physical dating violence and 45% (CI = 0.31–0.61) of these young women report perpetrating physical dating violence. Significant moderator variables included questionnaire and timeframe. Meta-synthesis of the qualitative studies revealed that high-risk young women report perpetrating dating violence to gain power and respect, whereas women report becoming victims of dating violence due to increased vulnerability.
Variation in General Esterase Activity within a Population of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)

Abstract Control of the horn fly, Hematobia irritans (L.), is generally dependent on chemical insecticides. However, the biology and behavior of the horn fly favors rapid development of insecticide resistance. To prolong the effectiveness of the insecticide option, information is required regarding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Metabolic hydrolysis of insecticides by esterases is a detoxification mechanism in many insect species. Measurement of general esterase activity within populations of horn flies may provide a diagnostic tool for resistance management. In this study we evaluated the amount of variation in general esterase activity within female and male horn fly samples from a population that had not been exposed to insecticides for 8 yr. We found considerable variation in general esterase activity within samples of each sex, with females demonstrating the greater variation. The observed variation is thought to be the result of age-structure dynamics within the population. The amount of inherent variation makes it difficult to detect small mean differences between populations, thus limiting the utility of general esterase assays. Thus, effective diagnosis of esterase-mediated resistance mechanisms can only be achieved by the identification of specific detoxification esterases and the design of assays, either biochemical or molecular, for their detection and measurement.