Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship Education

The purpose of this article is to explore different themes within entrepreneurship education via the use of a systematic literature review (SLR). Systematic literature reviews are recognized methods for conducting evidence-based policy. The particular approach to the SLR used in this study is explained and the article explores the findings outlining a thematic framework drawn from narrative coding. The findings support the conclusion that entrepreneurship education has had an impact on student propensity and intentionality. What is unclear is the extent to which such education impacts on the level of graduate entrepreneurship or whether it enables graduates to become more effective entrepreneurs. The findings also highlight a lack of consensus on what entrepreneurship or enterprise education actually `is' when implemented in practice.
Effect of chronic endothelin receptor antagonism on cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes increases the risk of stroke and contributes to poor clinical outcomes in this patient population. Myogenic tone of the cerebral vasculature, including basilar arteries, plays a key role in controlling cerebral blood flow. Increased myogenic tone is ameliorated with ET receptor antagonism in Type 1 diabetes. However, the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors in cerebrovascular dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes, a common comorbidity in stroke patients, remains poorly elucidated. Therefore, we hypothesized that 1) cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) model of Type 2 diabetes, and 2) pharmacological antagonism of ETA receptors ameliorates, while ETB receptor blockade augments vascular dysfunction. GK or control rats were treated with antagonists to either ETA (atrasentan, 5 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) or ETB (A-192621, 15 or 30 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) receptors for 4 wk and vascular function of basilar arteries was assessed using a wire myograph. GK rats exhibited increased sensitivity to ET-1. ET(A) receptor antagonism caused a rightward shift, indicating decreased sensitivity in diabetes, while it increased sensitivity to ET-1 in control rats. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired in diabetes. ETA receptor blockade restored relaxation to control values in the GK animals with no significant effect in Wistar rats and ETB blockade with 30 mg.kg(-1). day(-1) A-192621 caused paradoxical constriction in diabetes. These studies demonstrate that cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs and may contribute to altered regulation of myogenic tone and cerebral blood flow in diabetes. While ETA receptors mediate vascular dysfunction, ETB receptors display differential effects. These results underscore the importance of ETA/ETB receptor balance and interactions in cerebrovascular dysfunction in diabetes.
KCl-Dependent Release of Mitochondrial Membrane-Bound Arginase Appears to Be a Novel Variant of Arginase-II

Arginase regulates arginine metabolism, ornithine-urea cycle, and immunological surveillance. Arginase-I is predominant in cytosol, and arginase-II is localised in the mitochondria. A mitochondrial membrane-bound arginase has also been proposed to be adsorbed with outer membrane of mitochondria which gets released by 150 mM potassium chloride (KCl). It is presumed that inclusion of 150 mM KCl in the homogenization medium would not only facilitate release of arginase bound with outer membrane of mitochondria but also affect functional anatomy of mitochondria, mitochondrial enzymes, and proteins. Therefore, it has been intended to characterize KCl-dependent release of mitochondrial membrane-bound arginase from liver of mice. Results provide advancement in the area of arginase biology and suggest that fraction of mitochondrial membrane-bound arginase contains mitochondrial arginase-II and a variant of arginase-II.
The Epidemiology and Demographics of Legg-Calvé-Perthes' Disease

The etiology of Legg-Calvé-Perthes' disease (LCPD) is unknown. There are many insights however from epidemiologic/demographic information. A systematic medical literature review regarding LCPD was performed. The incidence ranges from 0.4/100,000 to 29.0/100,000 children <15 years of age. There is significant variability in incidence within racial groups and is frequently higher in lower socioeconomic classes. The typical age at presentation ranges from 4 to 8 years (average 6.5 years), except for children from the Indian subcontinent (average 9.5 years). There is a mild familial component. The children demonstrate impaired growth in height, skeletal age, and birth weight. This impaired growth coincides with an age appropriate reduced somatomedin A activity and decreased levels of IGF. LCPD can be associated with abnormalities in the coagulation cascade, including an increase in factor V Leiden mutation, low levels of protein C and/or S, and decreased antithrombin activity. There is decreased turnover in type I collagen and synthesis of type III collagen, as well as reduced levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans in the active phases of the disorder. Subtle abnormalities in the opposite hip and other minor/major congenital defects are reported. Children with LCPD are active and score abnormally in certain standardized psychological tests.
Simultaneous NuSTAR and XMM-Newton 0.5-80 KeV Spectroscopy of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy SWIFT J2127.4+5654

We present a broad-band spectral analysis of the joint XMM–Newton and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observational campaign of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 SWIFT J2127.4+5654, consisting of 300 ks performed during three XMM–Newton orbits. We detect a relativistic broadened iron Kα line originating from the innermost regions of the accretion disc surrounding the central black hole, from which we infer an intermediate spin of ɑ=0.58+0.11−0.17. The intrinsic spectrum is steep (Γ = 2.08 ± 0.01) as commonly found in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, while the cutoff energy (E_c=108^(+11)_(−10) keV) falls within the range observed in broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. We measure a low-frequency lag that increases steadily with energy, while at high frequencies, there is a clear lag following the shape of the broad Fe K emission line. Interestingly, the observed Fe K lag in SWIFT J2127.4+5654 is not as broad as in other sources that have maximally spinning black holes. The lag amplitude suggests a continuum-to-reprocessor distance of about 10–20 r_g. These timing results independently support an intermediate black hole spin and a compact corona.
Changing educational aspirations in the choice of and transition to post-compulsory schooling – a three-wave longitudinal study of Oslo youth

With the transition from a comprehensive compulsory school to differentiating upper secondary schools, young people in Norway are forced to choose their future educational path and look ahead. How does educational choice and transition to upper secondary school affect their educational aspirations? In this study, an Oslo-based cohort sample (N = 1660) of young people's educational aspirations is analysed over three time points; before, during and after choosing upper secondary education. The analyses show that many change their educational aspirations during the three-year period, and that decreasing aspirations before transition to upper secondary school is related to low or decreased achievement and school effort, as well as male gender, majority ethnic background and lower social class. Reduced educational aspirations after the transition to upper secondary education are related to decreased effort as well as low and decreasing achievement, but not to structural characteristics. This may be interpreted as an indication that structural background characteristics play a stronger role in shaping aspirations during the decision process proceeding educational choice, than in the transition itself.
Once Upon a Time

In this paper, we describe the creation and experimentation of the effects of storytelling as a training intervention in an emergency response simulation. Specifically, the effects of analogous and metaphorical story-telling are examined within the context of the NeoCITIES 3.1 simulation. Stories were designed using the concepts of deep structure and surface structure. The results show no behavioral effects, but affective and cognitive effects were found. Finally, we address the design of the stories and their impact on experimental research.
Primary teachers' attitudes toward science: A new theoretical framework

Attention to the attitudes of preservice and inservice primary teachers toward science is of fundamental importance to research on primary science education. However, progress in this field of research has been slow due to the poor definition and conceptualization of the construct of primary teachers' attitude toward science. This poor theoretical background has led to the use of a multitude of different concepts and measurement instruments. The main goal of this article is to present a new and comprehensive theoretical framework for primary teachers' attitudes toward science. The framework is based on an extensive review of previously used concept definitions of the construct. It is argued that this framework should serve as a necessary conceptual basis for future research and interventions in this domain, as well as for the construction of valid measurement instruments
Characterization of a progestogen receptor in the ovary of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus.

A nuclear progestogen receptor was identified in the ovary of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus. A single class of high-affinity, low-capacity cytoplasmic binding sites for 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-P) was characterized by saturation and Scatchard analyses (KD = 1.89 +/- 0.61 nM, Bmax = 1.80 +/- 0.63 pmol/g ovary, n = 4), as well as by one-point assay (Bmax = 1.41 +/- 0.26 pmol/g ovary, n = 12). Analysis of the binding kinetics indicated a fairly rapid association rate (T1/2 = 72 +/- 10.2 min) and a slightly slower dissociation rate (T1/2 = 99 +/- 9.4 min). Competition studies revealed that several steroids exhibited the same range of affinity (17 alpha, 20 beta-P > 17 alpha,20 beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20 beta-S) > 11-deoxycorticosterone > progesterone) while others displayed an order of magnitude less affinity (17 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one > pregnenolone > 11-deoxycortisol > testosterone). No displacement was found with 1000-fold excess estradiol-17 beta or cortisol. Binding activity was also present within the testis, but not in the brain, gill, muscle, or plasma. Nuclear binding was detected by DNA-cellulose column chromatography and was inhibited by the addition of molybdate, a characteristic of nuclear steroid receptors. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) alleviates the scar of the rabbit ear model in wound healing

Studies suggest a possible antiscarring effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) during wound healing. However, little is known about the precise pathological mechanisms of bFGF. In particular, there is only limited information available about the mechanism of exogenous administration of bFGF to scar formation. To investigate the effect of bFGF on the hypertrophic scar in the rabbit ear model and to clarify the mechanisms of bFGF on treatment for scar in wound healing, the rabbit ear model of wound healing was created and treated topically with bFGF once daily for 3 months; then we examined the changes of macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of scars and the expression of collagen and collagenase‐1 (matrix metalloproteinase‐1). The results of macroscopic and histologic characteristics revealed a significant difference between scars treated with bFGF and control scars. The expression of collagen in the scars treated with bFGF was decreased, as compared with the scars treated with saline. Further study revealed that bFGF could remarkably enhance expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1. bFGF could improve the quality of wound healing and remarkably alleviate the scar in the rabbit ear model in wound healing, which suggests that bFGF exerted a net negative effecton scar formation in wound healing. The evidence should contribute to a better understanding of the biological activities of bFGF during hypertrophic scar formation.
The Roles of Integrins in Function of Human Neutrophils after Their Migration through Endothelium into Interstitial Matrix

We investigated the changes in neutrophil phenotype and function after transendothelial migration, and the roles played by integrin receptors in their behaviour. Neutrophils were tracked microscopically as they migrated through endothelial cells into collagen gels, and were retrieved at desired times. When endothelial cells were treated with increasing doses of tumour necrosis factor-α, neutrophils not only migrated in greater number, but also to a greater depth in the gel. Apoptosis was barely detectable in neutrophils retrieved after 24h, and many remained viable and motile at 48h. Neutrophils retrieved after 1h had increased oxidative capacity and at 24h had similar capacity as freshly-isolated neutrophils. However, by then they had impaired ability to phagocytose bacteria. Compared to fresh neutrophils, total mRNA was halved by 24h, but while β2-integrin expression decreased, β1- and β3-integrin increased along with ICAM-1. Studies of integrin blockade indicated that while β2-integrins were needed to cross the endothelial barrier, no integrins were required for migration within the gel. β2-integrins also contributed to phagocytosis, but their binding was not required for prolonged survival. These results demonstrate a model for integrated analysis of neutrophil migration and function, and describe development of effector functions and the roles of integrins in human neutrophils for the first time.
Psychometric Properties of the Decisional Balance Scale and the Temptations to Try Smoking Inventory in Adolescents

ABSTRACT In recent years, concern about rising rates of smoking among youth has prompted researchers to study the process of smoking initiation. One of several theoretical frameworks that has been used to study this problem is the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM). Using cross-sectional data from a multi-ethnic cohort of 5th, 8th, and 12th grade students, we examined the psychometric properties of two TTM scales: the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS) and Temptations to Try Smoking Inventory (TTSI). Nonlinear principal components analysis resulted in a two-component solution for the 12-item DBS (“cons of smoking” and “pros of smoking”) accounting for 62.2% of the variance and a single-component solution for the 15-item TTSI that accounted for 63.7% of the variance. Cronbach a estimates of internal consistency for the cons of smoking, pros of smoking, and TTSI were 0.86, 0.77, and 0.94, respectively. Concurrent validity for the scales was evidenced by a steady increase in the TTSI and pros of smoking scor.
Ischemic Preconditioning and Placebo Intervention Improves Resistance Exercise Performance

Abstract Marocolo, M, Willardson, JM, Marocolo, IC, da Mota, GR, Simão, R, and Maior, AS. Ischemic preconditioning and PLACEBO intervention improves resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 30(5): 1462–1469, 2016—This study evaluated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on resistance exercise performance in the lower limbs. Thirteen men participated in a randomized crossover design that involved 3 separate sessions (IPC, PLACEBO, and control). A 12-repetition maximum (12RM) load for the leg extension exercise was assessed through test and retest sessions before the first experimental session. The IPC session consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion at 220 mm Hg of pressure alternated with 5 minutes of reperfusion at 0 mm Hg for a total of 40 minutes. The PLACEBO session consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of cuff administration at 20 mm Hg of pressure alternated with 5 minutes of pseudo-reperfusion at 0 mm Hg for a total of 40 minutes. The occlusion and reperfusion phases were conducted alternately between the thighs, with subjects remaining seated. No ischemic pressure was applied during the control (CON) session and subjects sat passively for 40 minutes. Eight minutes after IPC, PLACEBO, or CON, subjects performed 3 repetition maximum sets of the leg extension (2-minute rest between sets) with the predetermined 12RM load. Four minutes after the third set for each condition, blood lactate was assessed. The results showed that for the first set, the number of repetitions significantly increased for both the IPC (13.08 ± 2.11; p = 0.0036) and PLACEBO (13.15 ± 0.88; p = 0.0016) conditions, but not for the CON (11.88 ± 1.07; p > 0.99) condition. In addition, the IPC and PLACEBO conditions resulted insignificantly greater repetitions vs. the CON condition on the first set (p = 0.015; p = 0.007) and second set (p = 0.011; p = 0.019), but not on the third set (p = 0.68; p > 0.99). No difference (p = 0.465) was found in the fatigue index and lactate concentration between conditions. These results indicate that IPC and PLACEBO IPC may have small beneficial effects on repetition performance over a CON condition. Owing to potential for greater discomfort associated with the IPC condition, it is suggested that ischemic preconditioning might be practiced gradually to assess tolerance and potential enhancements to exercise performance.
Pulmonary Effects and Biopersistence of Deposited Silicon Carbide Whisker After 1-Year Inhalation in Rats

Silicon carbide whisker (SiCW) is a durable asbestos substitute. To clarify the biopersistence, the changes of geometrical configurations of deposited whiskers, and potential carcinogenicity and fibrogenicity, 42 Wistar male rats were exposed to SiCW for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 1 yr by inhalation. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (geometric standard deviation, GSD), the geometric mean fiber diameter (GSD), and the geometric mean fiber length (GSD) were 2.4 μ m (2.4), 0.5 μ m (1.5) and 2.8 μ m (2.3), respectively. The daily average exposure concentrations were 2.6 ± 0.4 mg/m3 (98 ± 19 fibers/ml) and the rats were sacrificed at 6 days and 3, 6, and 12 mo after the exposure. The SiCW amount deposited in each rat lung at 6 days after the exposure, determined by an x-ray diffraction method, was 5.3 ± 1.4 mg. The biological half-time (BHT) was 16 mo calculated from the deposited SiCW at 6 days and 3, 6, and 12 mo. The BHT was more prolonged than normal physiological clearance. The diameter of SiCW in the lung at each sacrificed time during 12 mo of clearance after the inhalation did not change. However, as for the length of SiCW in the lung, longer SiCW tended to be retained in the lung as the clearance time increased, especially after 6 mo. The histopathological examination revealed bronchoalveolar hyperplasia (BAH) in 2 rats at 1 yr after the exposure and severe fibrotic changes around aggregated SiCW.
Mutations in ATP‐cassette binding proteins G5 (ABCG5) and G8 (ABCG8) causing sitosterolemia

Sitosterolemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in two adjacent genes encoding coordinately regulated ATP binding cassette (ABC) half transporters (ABCG5 and ABCG8). In this paper we describe three novel mutations causing sitosterolemia: 1) a frameshift mutation (c.336‐337insA) in ABCG5 that results in premature termination of the protein at amino acid 197; 2) a missense mutation that changes a conserved residue c.1311C>G; N437K) in ABCG5 and 3) a splice site mutation in ABCG8 (IVS1‐2A>G). This study expands the spectrum of the ABCG5 and ABCG8 mutations that cause sitosterolemia. Nine nonsynonymous polymorphisms are also reported: I523V, C600Y, Q604E, and M622V in ABCG5; and D19H, Y54C, T400K, A632V, and Y641F in ABCG8. Hum Mutat 18:359–360, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrusive memories to traumatic footage: the neural basis of their encoding and involuntary recall

Background A hallmark symptom after psychological trauma is the presence of intrusive memories. It is unclear why only some moments of trauma become intrusive, and how these memories involuntarily return to mind. Understanding the neural mechanisms involved in the encoding and involuntary recall of intrusive memories may elucidate these questions. Method Participants (n = 35) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while being exposed to traumatic film footage. After film viewing, participants indicated within the scanner, while undergoing fMRI, if they experienced an intrusive memory of the film. Further intrusive memories in daily life were recorded for 7 days. After 7 days, participants completed a recognition memory test. Intrusive memory encoding was captured by comparing activity at the time of viewing ‘Intrusive scenes’ (scenes recalled involuntarily), ‘Control scenes’ (scenes never recalled involuntarily) and ‘Potential scenes’ (scenes recalled involuntarily by others but not that individual). Signal change associated with intrusive memory involuntary recall was modelled using finite impulse response basis functions. Results We found a widespread pattern of increased activation for Intrusive v. both Potential and Control scenes at encoding. The left inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus showed increased activity in Intrusive scenes compared with Potential scenes, but not in Intrusive scenes compared with Control scenes. This pattern of activation persisted when taking recognition memory performance into account. Intrusive memory involuntary recall was characterized by activity in frontal regions, notably the left inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusions The left inferior frontal gyrus may be implicated in both the encoding and involuntary recall of intrusive memories.
Beta-, not alpha-adrenergic stimulation enhances conduction velocity in cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes.

BACKGROUND During both cardiac maturation and myopathy, elevated levels of circulating catecholamines coincide with alterations in impulse propagation. An in vitro model of cultured cardiomyocytes was used to study the effects of adrenergic stimulation on the conduction characteristics of immature heart cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on preparations designed to measure conduction velocity (CV). CV was measured on the same preparation twice at t=0 and at t=24 h. Under control conditions (n=7), CV at t=0 (30.9+/-1.9 cm/s) and t=24 (32.4+/-4.4 cm/s) was similar (p=0.70). Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of the gap junction proteins connexin (Cx) 40, Cx43 and Cx45, with Cx43 being highly predominant. Stimulation for 24 h with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) significantly increased CV from 28.0 +/-2.0 cm/s at t=0 to 34.8+/-2.2 cm/s at t=24 (p=0.002, n=5). Microelectrode recordings showed a faster upstroke of the action potential (AP) of ISO-treated cells. Reverse transcribed-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) showed that ISO increased expression of SCN5A and alpha(1c) (alpha-subunit of the cardiac sodium and L-type calcium channel, respectively). Stimulation of cells with ISO did not induce alterations in distribution or expression of Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 (both mRNA and protein), but slightly increased the phosphorylation of Cx43. Stimulation for 24 h with the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine did neither affect CV nor the expression of the connexin isoforms, SCN5A and alpha(1c). CONCLUSIONS Alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation differently affect propagation of the electric impulse, which is primarily not caused by a differential effect on intercellular coupling. RT-PCR analysis and an enhanced AP upstroke velocity indicate a higher functional expression level of alpha(1c) and SCN5A in beta-adrenergic stimulated cells, which may explain the observed increase in CV.