Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmental comparison between a dedicated bifurcation stent and balloon angioplasty using intravascular ultrasound and three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography: A subgroup analysis of the Tryton IDE randomized trial

Randomized comparison between the Tryton Side Branch Stent (Tryton Medical, Durham, NC), used in combination with a main branch drug‐eluting stent (DES), and side branch balloon angioplasty (SBBA, in combination with a main branch DES) using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D‐QCA).
Working Memory Capacity Predicts Dopamine Synthesis Capacity in the Human Striatum

Evidence from psychopharmacological research has revealed that dopamine receptor agents have opposite effects on cognitive function depending on baseline levels of working memory capacity. These contrasting effects have been interpreted to reflect differential baseline levels of dopamine. Here we demonstrate for the first time that working memory capacity as measured by listening span predicts dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum, indicating that subjects with low working memory capacity have low DA synthesis capacity in the striatum, whereas subjects with high working memory capacity have high DA synthesis capacity in the striatum.
Practical Detection of Spammers and Content Promoters in Online Video Sharing Systems

A number of online video sharing systems, out of which YouTube is the most popular, provide features that allow users to post a video as a response to a discussion topic. These features open opportunities for users to introduce polluted content, or simply pollution, into the system. For instance, spammers may post an unrelated video as response to a popular one, aiming at increasing the likelihood of the response being viewed by a larger number of users. Moreover, content promoters may try to gain visibility to a specific video by posting a large number of (potentially unrelated) responses to boost the rank of the responded video, making it appear in the top lists maintained by the system. Content pollution may jeopardize the trust of users on the system, thus compromising its success in promoting social interactions. In spite of that, the available literature is very limited in providing a deep understanding of this problem. In this paper, we address the issue of detecting video spammers and promoters. Towards that end, we first manually build a test collection of real YouTube users, classifying them as spammers, promoters, and legitimate users. Using our test collection, we provide a characterization of content, individual, and social attributes that help distinguish each user class. We then investigate the feasibility of using supervised classification algorithms to automatically detect spammers and promoters, and assess their effectiveness in our test collection. While our classification approach succeeds at separating spammers and promoters from legitimate users, the high cost of manually labeling vast amounts of examples compromises its full potential in realistic scenarios. For this reason, we further propose an active learning approach that automatically chooses a set of examples to label, which is likely to provide the highest amount of information, drastically reducing the amount of required training data while maintaining comparable classification effectiveness.
Crushing Characteristics of Dry, Wetted And Submerged Ice

In ice-ship ice or ice-structure collisions at sea with icebergs, the majority of contact occurs at the water line boundary where the ice surface is in wet condition. Controlled ice crushing experiments have been performed typically with dry-surface ice, such as Hobson’s Choice tests. Ice crushing experiments with wetted ice have been performed, for example in the Polar Sea trials, but these experiments lacked the controlled environment of laboratory crushing. There has also been a lack of comparative study between ice in dry condition, wetted and fully submerged condition. In this study, the effect of a wetted ice surface is studied and compared to the effect of a dry ice surface. These are then compared to the crushing characteristics of fully submerged ice. These tests determine if any significant difference exist in crushing characteristics between ice with a wetted surface and fully submerged condition and compares both with dry-surface ice condition. Also, effects of temperature and crushing speed were considered. The test results indicated that the wetted and fully submerged condition resulted in a higher load level compared to a dry condition. Moreover, temperature and crushing speed had different effects on the dry and wetted conditions. The tests indicated that consideration must be made to the effect of water in ice crushing tests for a clear understanding of ice behavior and for estimation of ice loads in operational environments.
Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System

To contribute to a quantitative comparison of climate engineering (CE) methods, we assess atmosphere‐, ocean‐, and land‐based CE measures with respect to Earth system effects consistently within one comprehensive model. We use the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) with prognostic carbon cycle to compare solar radiation management (SRM) by stratospheric sulfur injection and two carbon dioxide removal methods: afforestation and ocean alkalinization. The CE model experiments are designed to offset the effect of fossil‐fuel burning on global mean surface air temperature under the RCP8.5 scenario to follow or get closer to the RCP4.5 scenario. Our results show the importance of feedbacks in the CE effects. For example, as a response to SRM the land carbon uptake is enhanced by 92 Gt by the year 2100 compared to the reference RCP8.5 scenario due to reduced soil respiration thus reducing atmospheric CO2. Furthermore, we show that normalizations allow for a better comparability of different CE methods. For example, we find that due to compensating processes such as biogeophysical effects of afforestation more carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere by afforestation than by alkalinization to reach the same global warming reduction. Overall, we illustrate how different CE methods affect the components of the Earth system; we identify challenges arising in a CE comparison, and thereby contribute to developing a framework for a comparative assessment of CE.
Effect of Yoga on Anxiety Levels in Working Women

In this modern era stress has become an integral part of human life. Stress is considered to be any condition which results in perturbation of the body's homeostasis. Today, women are constantly under stress to balance between home and work place. Yoga aims at an integrated and harmonious development of all the potentialities of man. However, to put yoga on a firm scientific pedestal, we planned to undertake a study of effect of yoga on anxiety score before and after yoga training in apparently healthy working women. The study was carried out in 35 apparently healthy working women aged between 25-40 years who attended two months of yoga training. Spielberger’s state and trait anxiety scale was used to evaluate anxiety levels before and after yoga training. Our study showed a statistically significant difference in total anxiety score before and after yoga training by applying paired ‘t’ test. We concluded that regular practice of yoga in day to day life reduces anxiety levels and improves subjective feeling of wellbeing. Our study thus helps to popularize yoga among working women.
Processing Metonymy- a Domain-Model Heuristic Graph Traversal Approach

We address here the treatment of metonymic expressions from a knowledge representation perspective, that is, in the context of a text understanding system which aims to build a conceptual representation from texts according to a domain model expressed in a knowledge representation formalism. We focus in this paper on the part of the semantic analyser which deals with semantic composition. We explain how we use the domain model to handle metonymy dynamically, and more generally, to underlie semantic composition, using the knowledge descriptions attached to each concept of our ontology as a kind of concept-level, multiple-role qualia structure. We rely for this on a heuristic path search algorithm that exploits the graphic aspects of the conceptual graphs formalism. The methods described have been implemented and applied on French texts in the medical domain.
Testing for Complementarity: Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans and Conservation Tillage

Many decisions in agriculture are made over combinations of inputs and/or practices that may be complements. The presence of complementarity among producer decisions can have deep implications for market outcomes and for the effectiveness of policies intended to influence them. Identifying complementarity relations, however, is a challenging pursuit. Drawing on recent methodological advances, in this paper we propose a new test for complementarity between glyphosate tolerant soybeans and conservation tillage that overcomes limitations of previous studies. Specifically, we develop a structural discrete choice framework of joint soybean-tillage adoption that explicitly models both complementarity and unobserved heterogeneity. The model is estimated with a large dataset of farm-level choices that spans the 1998â€“2011 period and contains repeated observations for many of the sampled individuals. We find that glyphosate tolerant soybeans and conservation tillage are indeed complementary practices, a conclusion supported by several robustness checks. In addition, our estimation shows that farm operation scale promotes the adoption of both conservation tillage and glyphosate tolerant seed, and that all of higher fuel prices, more droughty conditions, and soil erodibility increase use of conservation tillage. We also apply our results to simulate annual adoption rates for conservation tillage in a scenario without glyphosate tolerant soybeans available as a choice. We find that the adoption of conservation tillage has been about ten percent higher due to the advent of glyphosate tolerant soybeans. Key Words: complementarity, conservation tillage, discrete choice models, genetically engineered crops, mixed multinomial logit, supermodularity, technology adoption, unobserved heterogeneity. JEL codes: C35, D22, Q12, Q55 (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Evaluating Salience Metrics for the Context-Adequate Realization of Discourse Referents

We describe the application of a framework for salience metrics and linguistic variability with respect to the contextually adequate choice of referring expressions and grammatical roles: Where multiple meaning-equivalent candidate realizations are available that differ in one of these aspects, NLG systems can apply salience metrics to predict contextually adequate realization preferences. We evaluate this claim and a number of parameters of salience metrics found in the theoretical literature on two German newspaper corpora. Key features of the approach described here include the application of a two-dimensional model of salience, how its theoretical predictions can be exploited to develop salience metrics for a particular phenomenon, and that these salience metrics can be subsequently applied to other phenomena. This approach can be applied to develop classifiers to predict packaging preferences for phenomena where little training data is available.
Machine Learning an Experimental Science (Revisited)

In 1988, Langley wrote an inﬂuential editorial in the journal Machine Learning titled “Machine Learning as an Experimental Science”, arguing persuasively for a greater focus on performance testing. Since that time the emphasis has become progressively stronger. Nowadays, to be accepted to one of our major conferences or journals, a paper must typically contain a large experimental section with many tables of results, concluding with a statistical test. In revisiting this paper, I claim that we have ignored most of its advice. We have focused largely on only one aspect, hypothesis testing, and a narrow version at that. This version provides us with evidence that is much more impoverished than many people realize. I argue that such tests are of limited utility either for comparing algorithms or for promoting progress in our ﬁeld. As such they should not play such a prominent role in our work and publications.
HOW TO USE THE ITERATIVE HARD THRESHOLDING ALGORITHM

Several computationally efficient algorithms have been shown to offer near optimal recovery of sparse signals from a small number of linear measurements. However, whilst many of the methods have similar guarantees whenever the measurements satisfy the so called restricted isometry property, empirical performance of the methods can vary significantly in a regime in which this condition is not satisfied. We here modify the Iterative Hard Thresholding algorithm by including an automatic step-size calculation. This makes the method independent from an arbitrary scaling of the measurement system and leads to a method that shows state of the art empirical performance. What is more, theoretical guarantees derived for the unmodified algorithm carry over to the new method with only minor changes.
Video eCommerce: Towards Online Video Advertising

The prevalence of online videos provides an opportunity for e-commerce companies to exhibit their product ads in videos by recommendation. In this paper, we propose an advertising system named Video eCommerce to exhibit appropriate product ads to particular users at proper time stamps of videos, which takes into account video semantics, user shopping preference and viewing behavior feedback by a two-level strategy. At the first level, Co-Relation Regression (CRR) model is novelly proposed to construct the semantic association between keyframes and products. Heterogeneous information network (HIN) is adopted to build the user shopping preference from two different e-commerce platforms, Tmall and MagicBox, which alleviates the problems of data sparsity and cold start. In addition, Video Scene Importance Model (VSIM) utilizes the viewing behavior of users to embed ads at the most attractive position within the video stream. At the second level, taking the results of CRR, HIN and VSIM as the input, Heterogeneous Relation Matrix Factorization (HRMF) is applied for product advertising. Extensive evaluation on a variety of online videos from Tmall MagicBox demonstrates that Video eCommerce achieves promising performance, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art advertising methods.
C-It: a knowledge database for tissue-enriched genes

MOTIVATION Due to the development of high-throughput technologies such as microarrays, it has become possible to determine genome-wide expression changes in a single experiment. Although much attention has been paid to identify differentially expressed genes, the functions of tens of thousands of genes in different species still remain unknown. RESULTS C-It is a knowledge database that has its focus on 'uncharacterized genes'. C-It contains expression profiles of various tissues from human, mouse, rat, chicken and zebrafish. By applying our previously introduced algorithm DGSA (Database-Dependent Gene Selection and Analysis), it is possible to screen for uncharacterized, tissue-enriched genes in the species mentioned above. C-It is designed to include further expression studies, which might provide more comprehensive coverage of gene expression patterns and tissue-enriched splicing isoforms. We propose that C-It will be an excellent starting point to study uncharacterized genes. AVAILABILITY C-It is freely available online without registration at http://C-It.mpi-bn.mpg. dehttp://C-It.mpi-bn.mpg. de.
Sodium influx plays a major role in the membrane depolarization induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat striatal spiny neurons.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Striatal spiny neurons are selectively vulnerable to ischemia, but the ionic mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability are unclear. Although a possible involvement of sodium and calcium ions has been postulated in the ischemia-induced damage of rat striatal neurons, the ischemia-induced ionic changes have never been analyzed in this neuronal subtype. METHODS We studied the effects of in vitro ischemia (oxygen and glucose deprivation) at the cellular level using intracellular recordings and microfluorometric measurements in a slice preparation. We also used various channel blockers and pharmacological compounds to characterize the ischemia-induced ionic conductances. RESULTS Spiny neurons responded to ischemia with a membrane depolarization/inward current that reversed at approximately -40 mV. This event was coupled with an increased membrane conductance. The simultaneous analysis of membrane potential changes and of variations in [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i levels showed that the ischemia-induced membrane depolarization was associated with an increase of [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i. The ischemia-induced membrane depolarization was not affected by tetrodotoxin or by glutamate receptor antagonists. Neither intracellular BAPTA, a Ca2+ chelator, nor incubation of the slices in low-Ca2+-containing solutions affected the ischemia-induced depolarization, whereas it was reduced by lowering the external Na+ concentration. High doses of blockers of ATP-dependent K+ channels increased the membrane depolarization observed in spiny neurons during ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that, although the ischemia-induced membrane depolarization is coupled with a rise of [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i, only the Na+ influx plays a prominent role in this early electrophysiological event, whereas the increase of [Ca2+]i might be relevant for the delayed neuronal death. We also suggest that the activation of ATP-dependent K+ channels might counteract the ischemia-induced membrane depolarization.
Actions of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor NSC3852 (5-Nitroso-8-quinolinol) Link Reactive Oxygen Species to Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Mammary Tumor Cells

NSC3852 (5-nitroso-8-quinolinol) has cell differentiation and antiproliferative activity in human breast cancer cells in tissue culture and antitumor activity in mice bearing P388 and L1210 leukemic cells. We investigated the mechanism of NSC3852 action in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using electron spin resonance (ESR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in MCF-7 cell suspensions incubated with NSC3852 using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Formation of the DMPO-OH adduct was quenched by the addition of superoxide dismutase but not by catalase, and we concluded that superoxide was generated in the NSC3852-treated cells. The flavoprotein inhibitor diphenylene iodonium suppressed ROS production, providing evidence for the involvement of a flavin-dependent enzyme system in the ROS response to NSC3852. A biologically significant oxidative response to NSC3852 occurred in MCF-7 cells. An early marker of oxidative stress was a decrease in the [glutathione]/[glutathione disulfide] ratio 1 h after NSC3852 addition. Oxidative DNA damage, marked by the presence of 8-oxoguanine, and DNA-strand breakage occurred in cells exposed to NSC3852 for 24 h. Apoptosis peaked 48 h after exposure to NSC3852. Pretreatment with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented DNA-strand breakage and apoptosis. Pretreatment with NAC also reversed NSC3852 decreases in E2F1, Myc, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, indicative of redox-sensitive pathway(s) in MCF-7 cells during G1 phase of the cell cycle. We conclude that ROS formation is involved in the apoptotic and cell differentiation responses to NSC3852 in MCF-7 cells.
Interactive effects of UV radiation and water availability on seedlings of six woody Mediterranean species.

To assess the effects of UV radiation and its interaction with water availability on Mediterranean plants, we performed an experiment with seedlings of six Mediterranean species (three mesophytes vs three xerophytes) grown in a glasshouse from May to October under three UV conditions (without UV, with UVA and with UVA+UVB) and two irrigation levels (watered to saturation and low watered). Morphological, physiological and biochemical measures were taken. Exposure to UVA+UVB increased the overall leaf mass per area (LMA) and the leaf carotenoids/chlorophyll a + b ratio of plants in relation to plants grown without UV or with UVA, respectively. In contrast, we did not find a general effect of UV on the leaf content of phenols or UVB-absorbing compounds of the studied species. Regarding plant growth, UV inhibited the above-ground biomass production of well-watered plants of Pistacia lentiscus. Conversely, under low irrigation, UVA tended to abolish the reduction in growth experienced by P. lentiscus plants growing in a UV-free environment, in accordance with UVA-enhanced apparent electron transport rate (ETR) values under drought in this species. UVA also induced an overall increase in root biomass when plants of the studied species were grown under a low water supply. In conclusion, while plant exposition to UVA favored root growth under water shortage, UVB addition only gave rise to photoprotective responses, such as the increase in LMA or in the leaf carotenoids/chlorophyll a + b ratio of plants. Species-specific responses to UV were not related with the xerophytic or mesophytic character of the studied species.
Primary thyroid disorders in endogenous Cushing's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of primary thyroid disorders in patients who underwent endogenous hypercortisolism. DESIGN Retrospective evaluation of 59 patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) who had, at least, a record of thyroid palpation by expert endocrinologists and basal measurements of TSH by second generation assays. When available, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine serum levels, TRH-TSH tests and anti-thyroid antibodies were also analyzed. There were two age- and gender-matched control groups. The 'goiter control group' comprised 118 healthy subjects who underwent thyroid palpation. The 'antibody control group' was composed of 40 individuals who attended the blood bank of our hospital. Antibodies against thyroperoxidase and measurements of TSH were analyzed in their blood samples. METHODS Available files of 83 CS patients admitted to our endocrine unit from 1985 to 1998 were examined. Fifty-nine patients (52 women and 7 men) with a mean age of 36.2 years (range 14-61 years) met the above requirements. Diagnosis of hypercortisolism had been established by a standard 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test and urinary free cortisol (UFC). Etiological diagnosis involved dynamic testing, measurements of ACTH levels and imaging techniques. After treatment, all but one of the patients were cured or controlled of their hypercortisolism. This was established by the finding of subnormal serum cortisol concentrations and/or subnormal 24-h UFC levels. Primary thyroid disorders were defined by the presence of one or more of the following diagnostic criteria: (i) goiter, (ii) positive anti-thyroid antibodies and/or (iii) primary thyroid function abnormalities. RESULTS Eighteen (30.5%) patients had goiter (diffuse in 78% and nodular in 22%), 14 (23.7%) had primary subclinical hypothyroidism and 5 (8.4%) had hyperthyroidism. In 41 patients evaluated for antithyroid antibodies, it was found that 23 (56.1%) had positive titers. In a group of patients in which thyroid autoantibodies were measured both before and after resolution of hypercortisolism, prevalences of positive titers were 26.7% and 86.7% respectively (P=0.001). The overall frequency of primary thyroid abnormalities in our patients with Cushing's syndrome was 55.9%. CONCLUSIONS Patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome exhibit a remarkably high prevalence of primary thyroid disease. Resolution of hypercortisolism seems to trigger the development of autoimmune thyroid disorders in presumably predisposed subjects.