Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative overview of radiosensitivity of human tumor cells across histological type and TP53 status

Purpose: We have previously shown in a limited number of tumor cell lines derived from only two histological types that clonogenic survival patterns fall into radiosensitivity groups, each group associating with a specific genotype. We now establish a global, quantitative description of human tumor cells based on genotype-dependent radiosensitivity across histological types. Methods: We measure clonogenic radiosensitivity in 39 human tumor cell lines that vary in histological type (colorectal, glioblastoma, prostate, bladder, teratoma, breast, melanoma and liver) and expression of several genes purported to influence radiosensitivity: ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), TP53 (tumor protein 53), CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase N1A), 14-3-3σ (an isoform of the 14-3-3 gene) and DNA mismatch repair genes. For each survival curve we use the linear-quadratic model and a linear-linear model to extract multiple coefficients and seek correlation across histological types. Results: Under one-parameter analysis, survival rate at circa 2 Gy, cell lines segregate into two major, statistically-significant groups that correlate with TP53 status (wildtype versus mutant). Under two-parameter analysis, cell lines segregate into four radiosensitivity groups based on correlations between response at lower doses (ca. 2 Gy) and a component of response to higher doses (>4 Gy). Conclusions: Intrinsic radiosensitivity of 39 human tumor cell lines segregate into distinct genotype-dependent radiosensitivity groups that associate with mutATM, wtTP53, mutTP53, and an unidentified factor in some glioblastoma cells. Genotype-dependent radiosensitivity underlies histology-dependent variation in radiosensitivity. Our analysis establishes a quantitative overview of radiosensitivity that can predict possible response of human tumors to radiotherapy protocols.
Intentions to seek therapy, attitudes, and stigma: An analysis of the theory of reasoned action

The relatively low utilization of mental health care is a concern for psychology, as only 32% of individuals with a psychological disorder receive treatment (Andrews, Issakidis, & Carter, 2001). It is typically attitudinal rather than structural barriers that influence individuals when deciding to pursue treatment (Outram, Murphy, & Cockburn, 2004). This study utilized the theory of reasoned action as a model to test the relationship among variables hypothesized to contribute to the intention to seek therapy: public stigma, selfstigma, social support, self-efficacy, attitudes toward seeking therapy, and psychological distress. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to evaluate barriers to seeking therapy. Structural equation modeling was used to show that the theory of reasoned action provided a good fit to the data, as positive attitudes toward therapy was a stronger predictor of intentions to seek therapy than self-stigma. The statistical model that included all of the variables demonstrated that positive attitudes toward therapy and higher levels of social support were both direct predictors of higher intentions to seek therapy. In the qualitative interviews, the majority of barriers described by participants were attitudinal rather than structural. These individuals related experiences of shame, prejudice, and stigma related to seeking psychological treatment. However, participants described critically significant support and encouragement from their social network. Based on the results, recommendations are made for future studies and mental health
Revenue maximization with a single sample

We design and analyze approximately revenue-maximizing auctions in general single-parameter settings. Bidders have publicly observable attributes, and we assume that the valuations of indistinguishable bidders are independent draws from a common distribution. Crucially, we assume all valuation distributions are a priori unknown to the seller. Despite this handicap, we show how to obtain approximately optimal expected revenue - nearly as large as what could be obtained if the distributions were known in advance - under quite general conditions. Our most general result concerns arbitrary downward-closed single-parameter environments and valuation distributions that satisfy a standard hazard rate condition. We also assume that no bidder has a unique attribute value, which is obviously necessary with unknown and attribute-dependent valuation distributions. Here, we give an auction that, for every such environment and unknown valuation distributions, has expected revenue at least a constant fraction of the expected optimal welfare (and hence revenue). A key idea in our auction is to associate each bidder with another that has the same attribute, with the second bidder's valuation acting as a random reserve price for the first. Conceptually, our analysis shows that even a single sample from a distribution - the second bidder's valuation - is sufficient information to obtain near-optimal expected revenue, even in quite general settings.
Detecting Multidimensional Differential Item Functioning with the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Model, the Item Response Theory Likelihood Ratio Test, and Logistic Regression

Differential item functioning (DIF) is typically evaluated in educational assessments with a simple structure in which items are associated with a single latent trait. This study aims to extend the investigation of DIF for multidimensional assessments with a nonsimple structure in which items can be associated with two or more latent traits. A simulation study was conducted with the multidimensional extensions of the item response theory likelihood ratio (IRT-LR) test, the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model, and logistic regression for detecting uniform and nonuniform DIF in multidimensional assessments. The results indicated that the IRT-LR test outperformed the MIMIC and logistic regression approaches in detecting nonuniform DIF. When detecting uniform DIF, the MIMIC and logistic regression approaches appeared to perform better than the IRT-LR test in short tests, while the performances of all three approaches were very similar in longer tests. Type I error rates for logistic regression were severely inflated compared to the other two approaches. The IRT-LR test appears to be a more balanced and powerful method than the MIMIC and logistic regression approaches in detecting DIF in multidimensional assessments with a nonsimple structure.
FACT Proteins, SUPT16H and SSRP1, Are Transcriptional Suppressors of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 That Facilitate Viral Latency*

Background: FACT proteins SUPT16H and SSRP1 are identified as host factors that restrict HIV-1 replication. Results: Biochemical and genetic evidences that SUPT16H and SSRP1 affect HIV-1/HTLV-1 transcription and latency are provided. Conclusion: SUPT16H and SSRP1 suppress transcription of HIV-1/HTLV-1, and their presence may promote HIV-1 latency. Significance: Identification of host factors necessary for HIV-1 latency is critical, which may benefit the development of novel HIV-1 latency-reversing agents. Our functional genomic RNAi screens have identified the protein components of the FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex, SUPT16H and SSRP1, as top host factors that negatively regulate HIV-1 replication. FACT interacts specifically with histones H2A/H2B to affect assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes, as well as transcription elongation. We further investigated the suppressive role of FACT proteins in HIV-1 transcription. First, depletion of SUPT16H or SSRP1 protein enhances Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR (long terminal repeat) promoter activity. Second, HIV-1 Tat interacts with SUPT16H but not SSRP1 protein. However, both SUPT16H and SSRP1 are recruited to LTR promoter. Third, the presence of SUPT16H interferes with the association of Cyclin T1 (CCNT1), a subunit of P-TEFb, with the Tat-LTR axis. Removing inhibitory mechanisms to permit HIV-1 transcription is an initial and key regulatory step to reverse post-integrated latent HIV-1 proviruses for purging of reservoir cells. We therefore evaluated the role of FACT proteins in HIV-1 latency and reactivation. Depletion of SUPT16H or SSRP1 protein affects both HIV-1 transcriptional initiation and elongation and spontaneously reverses latent HIV-1 in U1/HIV and J-LAT cells. Similar effects were observed with a primary CD4+ T cell model of HIV-1 latency. FACT proteins also interfere with HTLV-1 Tax-LTR-mediated transcription and viral latency, indicating that they may act as general transcriptional suppressors for retroviruses. We conclude that FACT proteins SUPT16H and SSRP1 play a key role in suppressing HIV-1 transcription and promoting viral latency, which may serve as promising gene targets for developing novel HIV-1 latency-reversing agents.
Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Results in Increased Frequency of Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents in Rat CA3 Interneurons

Abstract Electrophysiological studies have revealed an increase in the level of tonic inhibition in the hippocampus following prenatal protein malnutrition in rats. In the present study, whole cell patch clamp recordings of bipolar interneurons in the stratum radiatum of the CA3 subfield were used to determine whether this increase in inhibition can be accounted for by a change in the electrophysiological properties of GABAergic interneurons. Hippocampal slices were prepared from juvenile rats whose dams were fed either a normal (25% casein) or low (6% casein) protein diet throughout pregnancy. Intrinsic membrane and action potential properties were unaltered by the prenatal nutritional insult. In most respects the characteristics of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and the modulation of such currents by the benzodiazepine agonist zolpidem were also similar in cells from the two nutritional groups. While the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory currents was unaltered, miniature (Tetrodotoxin resistant) inhibitory currents occurred at a significantly increased frequency in interneurons from prenatally protein malnourished rats. Thus, while the basic membrane properties of interneurons are preserved, there is a significant increase in the probability of GABA release from interneurons following prenatal protein malnutrition.
A mixed methods approach to mediumship research

There is a movement gaining ground within the social and behavioral sciences to introduce a new research method paradigm that combines qualitative and quantitative elements so as to capitalize on the strengths and compensate for the weaknesses of each. This approach, known as mixed methods research ( Johnson, Onwuegbuzie, & Turner, 2007), has, in our view, great potential benefits for the study of mediumship, which naturally combines a requirement to evaluate evidential claims in a balanced and objective manner with a need to pay careful attention to the subjective meaning of mediumistic experiences in the context in which they occur. In this essay we will outline some of the essential features of the mixed methods approach, and draw attention to the procedural developments that have taken place over the past two decades, focusing particularly on design issues such as how data collection might be implemented (i.e., whether concurrent or sequentially) and prioritized (i.e., whether qualitative and quantitative aspects will have equal or unequal emphasis), and at what point data will be integrated or mixed (i.e., at the data collection, analysis or interpretation stage). The second part of this essay will demonstrate the value of adopting a mixed methods approach in mediumship research using illustrations from our own work with Spiritualist mental mediums in the UK (Roxburgh, 2010, 2011; Roxburgh & Roe, 2011a).
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Attentional Control Constrains Visual Short- Term Memory: Insights from Developmental and Individual Differences

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Parental Influence on Children's Unhealthy Lifestyle Activities in UK

It is generally considered that parental lifestyle activities affect children. It is said that parents are an important influence on their children’s behavior and that the habits pass from generation to generation. It is true that children consider their parents as role-models and it is more likely to behave similar to them adopting their healthy or unhealthy activities. However, there are other factors that can affect children’s behavior throughout the years such as their friends, the social class, family finances etc. This study aims at examining how parental lifestyle activities are transmitted. We use the Sixteen-year Follow-up (1986, 16-year old individuals) of the British Cohort Study 1970 Database, where data are collected from individuals born in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, in a specific week in April 1970. A sample of 11,615 16-year old boys and girls is taken in order to see how the smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity of their parents are affecting their lifestyle. Other factors are also taken into account i.e. the number of natural parents and any possible financial hardship of the family. The analysis is conducted using logistic regression, indicating that the selected independent variables can explain the influences on the dependent variables. Results show great parental influence on children’s drinking, children’s smoking and children’s physical activity. A significant peer influence is also shown for children’s smoking. Children tend to smoke more if their friends smoke. Father’s employment status plays only a small role on children’s drinking habits, though not as expected. If the father is unemployed, children are less likely to drink or smoke. There is no influence by the presence of family financial hardships or the number of natural parents. As a conclusion, our findings suggest that parental and peer habits exert great influence on children’s lifestyles.
Efficacy and safety of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery

Background Although noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has been successfully used for various kinds of acute respiratory failure, the data are limited regarding its application in postoperative respiratory failure after cardiac surgery. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized control study in a university surgical intensive care unit to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NPPV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery, and explore the predicting factors of NPPV failure. Methods From September 2011 to November 2012 patients with acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery who had indication for the use of NPPV were randomly divided into a NPPV treatment group (NPPV group) and the conventional treatment group (control group). The between‐group differences in the patients’ baseline characteristics, re‐intubation rate, tracheotomy rate, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, in‐hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation time after enrollment (MV time), intensive care unit (ICU) and postoperative hospital stays were compared. The factors that predict NPPV failure were analyzed. Results During the study period, a total of 139 patients who had acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery were recorded, and 95 of them met the inclusion criteria, which included 59 males and 36 females with a mean age of (61.5±11.2) years. Forty‐three patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 23 underwent valve surgery, 13 underwent CABG+valve surgery, 13 underwent major vascular surgery, and three underwent other surgeries. The NPPV group had 48 patients and the control group had 47 patients. In the NPPV group, the re‐intubation rate was 18.8%, tracheotomy rate was 12.5%, VAP incidence was 0, and the in‐hospital mortality was 18.8%, significantly lower than in the control group 80.9%, 29.8%, 17.0% and 38.3% respectively, P <0.05 or P <0.01. The MV time and ICU stay (expressed as the median (P25, P75)) were 18.0 (9.2, 35.0) hours and 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) days, which were significantly shorter than in the control group, 96.0 (26.0, 240.0) hours and 6.0 (4.0, 9.0) days respectively, P <0.05 or P <0.01. The postoperative hospital stays of the two groups were similar. The univariate analysis showed that the NPPV success subgroup had more patients with acute lung injury (ALI) (17 vs. 0, P=0.038), fewer patients with pneumonia (2 vs. 7, P <0.001) and lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores (16.1±2.8 vs. 21.8±3.2, P <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that pneumonia (P=0.027) and a high APACHE II score >20 (P=0.002) were the independent risk factors of NPPV failure. Conclusions We conclude that NPPV can be applied in selected patients with acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery to reduce the need of re‐intubation and improve clinical outcome as compared with conventional treatment. Pneumonia and a high APACHE II score >20 might be the independent risk factors of NPPV failure in this group of patients.
The Traditional Chinese Medicine DangguiBuxue Tang Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to Chemoradiotherapy

Chemotherapy is an important treatment modality for colon cancer, and concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is the preferred treatment route for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer. We examined whether DangguiBuxue Tang (DBT), a traditional Chinese herbal extract, sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to anticancer treatments. The polysaccharide-depleted fraction of DBT (DBT-PD) contains greater amounts of astragaloside IV (312.626 µg/g) and ferulic acid (1.404 µg/g) than does the original formula. Treatment of the murine colon carcinoma cell line (CT26) with DBT-PD inhibits growth, whereas treatment with comparable amounts of purified astragaloside IV and ferulic acid showed no significant effect. Concurrent treatment with DBT-PD increases the growth inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil up to 4.39-fold. DBT-PD enhances the effect of radiation therapy (RT) with a sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) of up to 1.3. It also increases the therapeutic effect of CCRT on CT26 cells. Cells treated with DBP-PD showed ultrastructural changes characteristic of autophagy, including multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles with double-layered membranes, vacuoles containing remnants of degraded organelles, marked swelling and vacuolization of mitochondria, and autolysosome-like vacuoles. We conclude that DBT-PD induces autophagy-associated cell death in CT26 cells, and may have potential as a chemotherapy or radiotherapy sensitizer in colorectal cancer treatment.
Joint sub-band based neighbor embedding for image super-resolution

In this paper, we propose a novel neighbor embedding method based on joint sub-bands for image super-resolution. Rather than directly reconstructing the total spatial variations of the input image, we restore each frequency component separately. The input LR image is decomposed into sub-bands defined by steerable filters to capture structural details on different directional frequency components. Then the neighbor embedding principle is employed to reconstruct each band, respectively. Moreover, taken the diverse characteristics of each band into account, we adopt adaptive similarity criteri-ons for searching nearest neighbors. Finally, we recombine the generated HR sub-bands by applying the inverting subband decomposition to get the final super-resolved result. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method both in objective and subjective qualities comparing with other state-of-the-art methods.
Survey of Mycotoxins in Corn Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles from Seventy-Eight Ethanol Plants in Twelve States in the U.S. in 2011

Fuel ethanol co-products known as distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are a significant source of energy, protein, and phosphorous in animal feed. Fuel ethanol production may concentrate mycotoxins present in corn into DDGS. One hundred and forty one corn DDGS lots collected in 2011 from 78 ethanol plants located in 12 states were screened for the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZON). DON ranged from <0.50 to 14.62 μg g−1, 15-ADON ranged from <0.10 to 7.55 μg g−1, and ZON ranged from <0.10 to 2.12 μg g−1. None of the DDGS lots contained 3-ADON or NIV. Plants in OH had the highest levels of DON overall (mean of 9.51 μg g−1), and plants in NY, MI, IN, NE, and WI had mean DON levels >1 and <4 μg g−1. Twenty six percent (36/141) of the DDGS lots contained 1.0 to 5.0 μg g−1 DON, 2% (3/141) contained >5.0 and <10.0 μg g−1 DON, and 3% (4/141) contained >10.0 μg g−1 DON. All DDGS lots contaminated with unacceptable levels of DON evaded detection prior to their commercial distribution and were likely sold as feed products.
Effect of pasteurisation and freezing method on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of strawberry pulp

Abstract This study evaluated the stability of strawberry pulp subjected to three factors, pasteurisation (pasteurised and unpasteurised), freezing method (static air and forced air) and storage time (0, 2, 4 and 6 months). Pasteurisation favoured vitamin C retention during storage but enhanced the total loss of phenolics without affecting anthocyanin levels. Freezing by forced air was more effective in retaining phenolics during the first 4 months of storage, although the freezing method did not affect the anthocyanin levels. Processing and storage reduced the levels of individual phenolics. Freezing by forced air was more effective than static air in retaining antioxidant activity of the pulp. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme levels were relatively stable and independent of pasteurisation, freezing and storage time. Even after 6 months of frozen storage, strawberry pulp is a significant source of nutrients and bioactive compounds and retains high antioxidant capacity independent of pasteurisation and freezing method.
Obstetric Management of Conjoined Twins

&NA; Three cases of conjoined twins are presented: two thorocopagus and one craniopagus. The diagnosis of conjoining varied from late second trimester to time of term delivery. Delivery mode was both by vaginal and cesarean routes, and occurred at both level one and level three hospitals. Antenatal diagnostic procedures and issues in obstetric management are discussed. A suggested obstetric management sequence for conjoined twins is proposed. (Obstet Gynecol 67:21S, 1986)