Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A face in the crowd: The influences of familiarity and delay on preschoolers’ recognition

Abstract Preschoolers’ abilities to recognize former caregivers were examined. Participants were 35 children from three preschool classes. Caregivers volunteered in the classes over a 7-week period. At an initial assessment, children were asked to select former caregivers from a line-up of five photographs, and to rank-order the caregivers by personal preference. Recognition was assessed again after 3 months. Although older toddlers performed at chance levels, clear age-related increases in recognition performance were observed, with older preschoolers recognizing 86% of the volunteers at time 2. Younger children responded less consistently over time than older children. Preference for individual caregivers affected recognition performance among younger, but not older, preschoolers. Implications for children's eyewitness testimony are considered.
Increasing Candidate-Centered Televised Discourse

Content analysis of local television newscasts during Election 2000 showed marked differences between stations participating in two news improvement projects and those stations that did not participate in the “5/30” and “Best Practices” initiatives. Stations participating in those projects offered more news coverage overall and more candidate-centered coverage than did their in-market competitors. Stations enrolling in either of those programs also provided candidates with longer sound bites than did stations not participating in the programs.
Belief and Emotion Correlates with Changes in Attitude as a Result of Suggestion

Prior research has shown that suggestion can influence believe in the occurrence of the event as well as other attitudes that are related to the object of the suggestion. While researchers have proposed autobiographical belief as a mechanism for the change in attitudes, this hypothesis has not been tested. The current study aimed to determine whether autobiographical belief accounts for the change in attitudes toward a food as a result of suggesting a childhood food-related illness. One hundred and thirty psychology undergraduates participated in the two-part randomized experiment. Contrary to predictions, autobiographical belief did not directly account for the changes in attitude toward the food. In addition, direct and indirect forms of attitude change were observed for the influence of suggestion. The results are discussed in the contexts of altering food attitudes and of the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion.
Overexpression of the Transcriptional Regulator WOR1 Increases Susceptibility to Bile Salts and Adhesion to the Mouse Gut Mucosa in Candida albicans

The transcriptional regulator Wor1 has been shown to induce the GUT transition, an environmentally triggered process that increases the fitness of Candida albicans in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. We have developed strains where the expression of this gene is driven from the strong and tightly regulated tetracycline promoter. These cells retain the main characteristics reported for GUT cells albeit they show defects in the initial stages of colonization. They also show a differential colonization along the gastrointestinal tract compared to isogenic strains, which is probably caused by their susceptibility to bile salts. We also show that WOR1 overexpressing cells have an altered metabolic activity, as revealed by a different susceptibility to inhibitors of respiration, and an enhanced adhesion to the mouse mucosa. We propose that this may contribute to their long-term favored ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract.
Dog team walking: inter-corporeal identities, blindness and reciprocal guiding

As part of a broader sensory ethnographic exploration of place perception amongst international students who have recently arrived in Manchester (England), I conducted walking interviews with Abbie, who is from Barcelona and has a visual impairment. My work with Abbie and her dog-guide, Labrador Toni, offered me the opportunity to explore the development of emplaced knowledge as embodied, multi-sensory practice. As we walked as a three-in-one corporeal entity we operated as an inter-subjective being, challenging individualizing constructions of the self. During our interviews the importance of inter-corporeal space, the spaces between us, in facilitating our abilities to guide and follow each other was realized. For me as a researcher, this collaboration also afforded a re-prioritization of sensory awareness that feeds into a critique of ocular-centric approaches to research.
Betwixt and Between

Graduate students occupy social positions within institutions of higher education that are rife with role strain and, relative to broader power relations within these institutions, are marginalized. In this study, we inquire how the social positions and concomitant roles of graduate students shape their mental health experiences, investigating potential institutional sources of stress. Our findings suggest that master’s and doctoral students have unique mental health concerns related to their roles and social positions as graduate students. Major institutional sources of stress include role strain, mentor relationships, isolation, and funding.
Bloodstream Infections Occurring in Patients With Percutaneously Implanted Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valve: A Single-center Experience

Background—Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation using a stent-based bioprosthetic valve provides an alternative to surgery in select patients. Systemic infections in Melody valve–implanted patients with and without identified valve involvement have been reported, yet the incidence is unknown, and risk factors remain unidentified. Methods and Results—Between 2007 and 2012, a total of 147 consecutive patients with congenital heart disease underwent Melody percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation at our institution. Demographic and clinical variables were collected at baseline and at follow-up and analyzed as predictors. The occurrence of bloodstream infection (BSI), defined as a bacterial infection treated with ≥4 weeks of antibiotics, served as our primary outcome. The mean age at implantation for the study population was 21.5±11 years, and tetralogy of Fallot was the cardiac condition in 59%. During a median follow-up of 19 months, 14 patients experienced BSI (9.5%; 95% confidence interval, 5.3%–15%). Of these, 4 (2.7%) patients had Melody valve endocarditis. Two patients died during the event, neither of whom had known valve involvement. The median procedure to infection time was 15 months (range, 1–56). In univariate analysis, male sex, previous endocarditis, in situ stents in the right ventricular outflow tract, and presence of outflow tract irregularities at the implant site were associated with BSI occurrence. Conclusions—In this cohort, 9.5% of patients who underwent Melody percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation experienced subsequent BSI, occurring 1 to 56 months after implant, and 2.7% of patients had prosthetic endocarditis. Our findings suggest that patient and nonvalve anatomic factors may be associated with BSI after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.
Added meaning and purpose and its effec t upon interlimb coupling

This study investigated whether added meaning and purpose influenced interlimb coupling during an occupationally embedded (OE) condition compared to a non-occupationally embedded (non-OE) condition. Interlimb coupling is a phenomenon where when one limb moves, the contralateral limb tends to link to the same movement. It was hypothesized that the occupationally embedded condition would exhibit stronger EMG activity than the EMG activity of the non-occupationally embedded condition. Thirty-three healthy individuals participated in this study and were randomly assigned to an order of presentation group using a counterbalanced design. Participants were asked to turn a knob controlling the height of a bar on a computer screen with their right index finger and thumb in both conditions. In the OE condition, subjects were told that the goal of the task was to match ‘their’ bar with the height of a target bar. In the non-OE condition, subjects turned the knob back and forth, but the moveable bar was not visible. Wilcoxon signed ranks were used on the correlations for the three muscle groups. The p-value for the adductor pollicis comparison did not reveal a statistically significant result, with p = 0.0568. However, when comparisons were made with the thenar eminence and FDS, the p-value revealed a statistically significant result (p = 0.0210, p= 0.0073, respectively). For all three muscle comparisons, the OE condition had stronger correlations as compared to the non-OE condition. Adding meaning and purpose into occupationally embedded tasks had a greater effect on the rate of interlimb coupling effecting overall motor performance than rote exercise. Implications from this study suggest that completing meaningful and purposeful tasks enhances the rate of interlimb coupling which can ultimately improve motor performance. Future research needs to be completed that focuses on added meaning and purpose and its effects on interlimb coupling using a special population (e.g., stroke or TBI patients) to follow up on the current
An Analysis of How Female Business Owners Construct and Communicate Identity

Individuals often get asked: So what do you do? This question can be challenging for those in less traditional work settings, such as stay-at-home-moms and the selfemployed. To help women better understand the range of possible responses, this study explores how women in Public Relations respond to identity questions that involve both their work and personal lives. I begin by situating the study within relevant literature on entrepreneurship, female business owners, the history of women in the workplace, work/life issues, Public Relations, the use of language to construct work identity, and structuration theory. I conducted one-on-one qualitative interviews as my methodology. Next, I discuss how my research questions led to a variety of often paradoxical findings including: (a) business owners who perceive mothering as their primary role; (b) the development of the “unplanned organization;” (c) business ownership as a phenomenon that seemingly offers more opportunities, but also constrains people in unexpected ways; (d) the emergence of nontraditional work arrangements, which continue to experience some resistance; (e) the idea that advisors can be peers or colleagues; (f) new labels, such as virtual work and virtual agency, that describe individuals’ roles but raise lingering questions about societal perceptions of work; (g) how framing and sensemaking can offer women tools to account for the discontinuities in their narratives.
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: An Evolution Toward Precision Cancer Treatment.

OBJECTIVE This article reviews recent developments in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) approaches directed to malignant liver lesions, bone metastases, neuroendocrine tumors, and castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer and discusses challenges and opportunities in this field. CONCLUSION TRT has been employed since the first radioiodine thyroid treatment almost 75 years ago. Progress in the understanding of the complex underlying biology of cancer and advances in radiochemistry science, multimodal imaging techniques including the concept of "see and treat" within the framework of theranostics, and universal traction with the notion of precision medicine have all contributed to a resurgence of TRT.
α-Asarone Attenuates Cognitive Deficit in a Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Rat Model via a Decrease in the Nuclear Factor-κB Activation and Reduction in Microglia Neuroinflammation

Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most drug-resistant types of epilepsy with about 80% of TLE patients falling into this category. Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, which has a critical role in the epileptogenesis of TLE, is associated with microglial activation. Therefore, agents that act toward the alleviation in microglial activation and the attenuation of neuroinflammation are promising candidates to treat TLE. α-Asarone is a major active ingredient of the Acori Graminei Rhizoma used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used to improve various disease conditions including stroke and convulsions. In addition, an increasing number of studies suggested that α-asarone can attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that α-asarone is a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of the TLE. Methods The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of α-asarone on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo, using an untreated control group, a status epilepticus (SE)-induced group, and an SE-induced α-asarone pretreated group. A pilocarpine-induced rat model of TLE was established to investigate the neuroprotective effects of α-asarone in vivo. For the in vitro study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary cultured microglial cells were used. Results The results indicated that the brain microglial activation in the rats of the SE rat model led to important learning and memory deficit. Preventive treatment with α-asarone restrained microglial activation and reduced learning and memory deficit. In the in vitro studies, α-asarone significantly suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in primary cultured microglial cells and attenuated the LPS-stimulated neuroinflammatory responses. Our mechanistic study revealed that α-asarone inhibited inflammatory processes by regulation the transcription levels of kappa-B, by blocking the degradation pathway of kappa B-alpha [inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IκB-α)] and kappa B-beta (IκB-β) kinase in both the SE rats and in primary cultured microglial cells. Conclusion Taken together, these data demonstrate that α-asarone is a promising neuroprotective agent for the prevention and treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions including TLE, for which further assessment studies are pertinent.
Generation of a Mammalian Cell Line Deficient in Glucose-regulated Protein Stress Induction through Targeted Ribozyme Driven by a Stress-inducible Promoter (*)

GRP94 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized glycoprotein with Cabinding and protein chaperoning properties. Using a ribozyme driven by a stress-inducible promoter and targeted against grp94 mRNA, we have generated a cell line deficient in its ability to induce GRP94. The effect of the ribozyme is mediated by the cleavage of the grp94 message just downstream of the initiation codon, and not by an antisense effect, as determined by the level of intact grp94 mRNA. Unexpectedly, this cell line's ability to induce GRP78 is also impaired. Transient overexpression of recombinant human lysosomal hydrolase α- L-iduronidase in the ribozyme expressing cells indicates that the secretion ratio of this enzyme is reduced by about 6-fold. Additionally, the ribozyme expressing cells showed increased sensitivity to Cadepletion from ER caused by either A23187 or thapsigargin, an ER-Ca-ATPase inhibitor, but not to tunicamycin. These combined results show that the induction of GRP94 may play important roles in ER to nuclear signaling, protein sorting and secretion, and specific protection against Cadepletion stress.
Examining the Roles of Work Autonomous and Controlled Motivations on Satisfaction and Anxiety as a Function of Role Ambiguity

ABSTRACT Past research in the self-determination theory has shown that autonomous motivation is associated with positive outcomes (e.g., work satisfaction), whereas controlled motivation is related to negative outcomes (e.g., anxiety). The purpose of the present research was to examine the moderating function of role ambiguity on the relationships between work autonomous and controlled motivations on the one hand, and work satisfaction and anxiety on the other. Six hundred and ninety-eight workers (449 men and 249 women) participated in this study. Results revealed that autonomous motivation was most strongly related to satisfaction when ambiguity was low. In addition, controlled motivation was most strongly related to anxiety when ambiguity was high. In other words, the present findings suggest that the outcomes associated with each form of motivation may vary as a function of role ambiguity. The present study thus offers meaningful insights for organizations, managers, and employees.
Burocratas de médio escalão: novos olhares sobre velhos atores da produção de políticas públicas

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma revisao da literatura nacional e internacional sobre burocratas de medio escalao (BMEs). A sistematizacao da literatura se orientou a partir de uma perspectiva de politicas publicas, voltada para a compreensao da existencia e atuacao desses atores e das suas influencias sobre os processos de producao de politicas publicas e acoes governamentais. Tres dimensoes da atuacao da burocracia de medio escalao foram analisadas: seus papeis, funcoes e “lugares”; as perspectivas analiticas a partir das quais sao observados (estrutural, individual e relacional); e, por fim, a sua atuacao nas politicas publicas setoriais. Dois aspectos merecem destaque a partir da revisao bibliografica empreendida. Em primeiro lugar, o fato de que os BMEs merecem maior atencao nas analises dos processos de producao de politicas publicas. Somado a isso, explicita-se as ausencias existentes na literatura nacional no que tange a relevância e centralidade desse ator. Palavras-chave: burocracia, administracao publica, politicas publicas, agente publico
Antibacterial peptides and the outer membranes of gram-negative bacilli.

Major problems are being experienced in human medicine from antibiotic resistant bacteria [ 11. Furthermore, no new chemical class of antibiotics has been introduced into medicine in the past two decades [2]. Although many antibiotic structures have been subjected to intensive chemical manipulation to yield novel derivatives with extended activity spectra, resistance to such antibiotics has usually emerged quickly. An ideal antimicrobial agent, in the antibiotic resistance era, would be one that does not suffer intrinsic or induced resistance problems, or one that directly attacks a common resistance mechanism. Antibacterial peptides that represent a conserved theme in host antimicrobial defences throughout nature are of great interest in this regard and potentially provide the first novel class of antimicrobial agents since the introduction of nalidixic acid in 1970.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL VERACITY OF ZALLER'S MODEL

Abstract Zaller's model of public-opinion formation portrays the average citizen as an automaton who responds unthinkingly to elite cues. That is, once people have received information from political elites, they tend to abide by whatever their respective cue-givers dictate, since rejecting information is more cognitively costly than simply accepting it. Empirical research in psychology on priming supports this view of the citizen as a passive receiver of information. For example, people are likely to be unconsciously influenced by subtle cues and they tend to base their opinions on the accessibility of information in memory. However, some citizens, under certain conditions, may be “active processors” of information: actively interpreting it, elaborating on its implications, and negotiating its meaning. Whether or not Zaller's model is an accurate representation of the process of public-opinion formation depends substantially upon the inclusiveness of the researcher's views about what constitutes public opinion and how to study its determinants.
Consequences of a State Accountability Program: Examining Relationships Between School Performance Gains and Teacher, Student, and School Variables

Most states are implementing statewide assessment programs that are being used for high-stakes purposes. Some of these assessments involve performance-based tasks that are assumed not only to serve as motivators for improving student achievement and learning, but also to encourage instructional strategies and techniques in the classroom that are more consistent with reform-oriented educational outcomes. Given these high expectations, more comprehensive and direct evidence for the consequences of the assessments needs to be gathered. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between (a) changes in the scores from the Maryland State Performance Assessment Program from 1993 to 1998 and (b) classroom instruction and assessment practices, student learning and motivation, students' and teachers' beliefs about and attitudes toward the assessment, and a school characteristic. Several factors from each of these dimensions were found to explain a significant amount of variability in school performance over time using growth models.
Perceptions of High-Risk Patients and Their Providers on the Patient-Centered Medical Home

To explore perceptions of high-risk patients and their practice staff on the patient-centered medical home, we conducted a multisite qualitative study with chronically ill, low-income patients and their primary care practice staff (N = 51). There were 3 key findings. Both patients and staff described a trade-off: timely care from an unfamiliar provider versus delayed access to their personal physician. Staff were enthusiastic about enhancing access through strategies such as online communication, yet high-risk patients viewed these as access barriers. Practices lacked capacity to manage high-risk patients and therefore frequently referred them to the emergency room.
Emotional Ability Training and Mindful Eating

Consumers are often mindless eaters. This research provides a framework for how consumers can become more mindful of their food choices. To do so, the authors develop an ability-based training program to strengthen people's ability to focus on goal-relevant emotional information. They demonstrate not only that emotional ability (EA) is trainable and that food choices can be enhanced (Study 1) but also that EA training improves food choices beyond a nutrition knowledge training program (Study 2). In Study 3, the authors test a conceptual model and find that EA training increases goal-relevant emotional thoughts and reduces reliance on the unhealthy = tasty intuition. Both factors mediate mindful eating effects. Last, Study 4 demonstrates the long-term benefits of EA training by showing that emotionally trained people lose more weight in a three-month period than a control group and a nutrition knowledge training group. Together, these findings suggest that consumers can gain control of their food choices through the enhancement of EA. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for policy officials, health care professionals, and marketers.