Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apparatus for contamination control development in EUVA

For the development of chemical contamination control of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, especially to prolong the lifetime of optical elements, we had established and installed the experimental apparatus on Super-ALIS, a synchrotron facility beam-line, at NTT Atsugi laboratory, Japan. The apparatus is constructed with ultra high vacuum (UHV) components, then it is achieved that the residual gas pressure less than 5x10-7 Pa with no significant hydrocarbon contaminants. Using the setup, radiation-induced oxide formation and/or carbon deposition on EUVL optics mirror can be evaluated by EUV light irradiations and in-situ measurements of the reflectance under specified partial pressure of contaminants. Sub-system to introduce and control of pressure of water vapor in the irradiation chamber between 1x10-6 and 1x10-2 Pa is available. Preliminary results about dependency to water vapor partial pressure and EUV light intensity/dose indicate that the tendency that higher degree of oxidation of Mo/Si multi-layered mirror (MLM) surface is obtained from longer irradiation time and higher ambient water vapor pressure, whereas the Ru-capped mirrors maintains negligible oxidation if water pressure is 1x10-6 Pa. Electron-beam (EB) irradiation sub-system was also mounted for the accelerated and off-line oxidation and/or carbon deposition/cleaning evaluation. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (Xe2 excimer lamp: 172nm) irradiation sub-system with oxygen introduction is also available. Significant cleaning effect is obtained while oxidation of multi-layer mirror surface was observed. Estimated cleaning rate under the oxygen pressure of 100 Pa for sputtered carbon film is about 0.03 nm/min.
A Compiler Technique for Processor-Wide Protection From Soft Errors in Multithreaded Environments

Aggressive transistor scaling down and near-threshold computing have rendered modern microprocessor susceptible to soft errors. Software approaches that protect computations against soft errors are desirable because they offer flexible protection and are suitable for mixed-critical systems. In particular, fine-grain instruction duplication based techniques are deemed to be most effective; however, many of the existing instruction duplication techniques either suffer from many vulnerable intervals or are not suitable for multithreaded environments. In this paper, we present multithreded near zero silent data corruption (MZDC), a software scheme which provides high-level processor-wide error coverage in multithreaded environments. MZDC duplicates all programs' instructions and uses diagnosis block after replicated memory operations to overcome the inconsistency issue in a multithread environment. Statistical fault injection experiments on a dual-core ARM cortex-A53 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula> architecturally simulated microprocessor show that on average, MZDC can achieve more than 37<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> better fault coverage than the state-of-the-art.
Contouring and dose calculation in head and neck cancer radiotherapy after reduction of metal artifacts in CT images

Abstract Background: Delineation accuracy of the gross tumor volume (GTV) in radiotherapy planning for head and neck (H&N) cancer is affected by computed tomography (CT) artifacts from metal implants which obscure identification of tumor as well as organs at risk (OAR). This study investigates the impact of metal artifact reduction (MAR) in H&N patients in terms of delineation consistency and dose calculation precision in radiation treatment planning. Material and methods: Tumor and OAR delineations were evaluated in planning CT scans of eleven oropharynx patients with streaking artifacts in the tumor region preceding curative radiotherapy (RT). The GTV-tumor (GTV-T), GTV-node and parotid glands were contoured by four independent observers on standard CT images and MAR images. Dose calculation was evaluated on thirty H&N patients with dental implants near the treated volume. For each patient, the dose derived from the clinical treatment plan using the standard image set was compared with the recalculated dose on the MAR image dataset. Results: Reduction of metal artifacts resulted in larger volumes of all delineated structures compared to standard reconstruction. The GTV-T and the parotids were on average 22% (p < 0.06) and 7% larger (p = 0.005), respectively, in the MAR image plan compared to the standard image plan. Dice index showed reduced inter-observer variations after reduction of metal artifacts for all structures. The average surface distance between contours of different observers improved using the MAR images for GTV and parotids (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01). The median volume receiving a dose difference larger than ±3% was 2.3 cm3 (range 0–32 cm3). Conclusions: Delineation of structures in the head and neck were affected by metal artifacts and volumes were generally larger and more consistent after reduction of metal artifacts, however, only small changes were observed in the dose calculations.
Influence of endogenous leptin tone on the estrous cycle and luteinizing hormone pulsatility in female rats.

Recent data indicate that leptin may well play an important regulatory role in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. In order to further unravel the mechanisms by which leptin acts, we have studied the effect of treatment (8 days) of leptin antiserum (5 microl daily; i.c.v.) on LH pulsatility and estrous cycle in adult female rats. The administration of leptin antiserum led to a marked decrease in LH pulsatility as assessed by the area under the curve (13.5 +/- 4.7 ng/ml) in comparison to rats treated with normal rabbit serum (114 f 53 ng/ml; p < 0.01). Furthermore, rats treated with leptin antiserum showed an impairment of reproductive function as shown by the fact that all rats remained in anestrus. In conclusion, these data show that leptin markedly influences LH secretion and the estrous cycle in the female rat.
Effects of different types of soy sauce on the formation of heterocyclic amines in roasted chicken

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different types of soy sauce and marinating time on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in roasted chicken. Chicken breast samples were marinated with sweet, salty, light and dark soy sauce at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h (control treatment was the chicken without marinade). The concentrations of free amino acids, sugars and creatinine were determined before roasting while HCA concentrations were determined after roasting. All types of soy sauce significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the concentration of HCAs in roasted chicken with increasing marinating time. The highest increment of total concentration of HCAs was found in samples marinated with light soy sauce (887%) followed by dark (375%), salty (193%) and sweet (169%) at 12 h. PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine) showed a substantial reduction in samples only momentarily marinated with sweet, salty and dark soy sauce (0 h). Free amino acids were found to be more strongly correlated with the formation of HCAs than reducing sugars or creatinine. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Model compression via distillation and quantization

Deep neural networks (DNNs) continue to make significant advances, solving tasks from image classification to translation or reinforcement learning. One aspect of the field receiving considerable attention is efficiently executing deep models in resource-constrained environments, such as mobile or embedded devices. This paper focuses on this problem, and proposes two new compression methods, which jointly leverage weight quantization and distillation of larger teacher networks into smaller student networks. The first method we propose is called quantized distillation and leverages distillation during the training process, by incorporating distillation loss, expressed with respect to the teacher, into the training of a student network whose weights are quantized to a limited set of levels. The second method, differentiable quantization, optimizes the location of quantization points through stochastic gradient descent, to better fit the behavior of the teacher model. We validate both methods through experiments on convolutional and recurrent architectures. We show that quantized shallow students can reach similar accuracy levels to full-precision teacher models, while providing order of magnitude compression, and inference speedup that is linear in the depth reduction. In sum, our results enable DNNs for resource-constrained environments to leverage architecture and accuracy advances developed on more powerful devices.
Pilot-Scale Study on Composite Fluidization Mode in Semidry FGD with Circulating Fluidized Beds

Difficulties such as deviation of flow field, ununiformity of axial velocity and temperature often appeared in semidry FGD with circulating fluidized beds. These caused lower desulfurization efficiency and were important reasons for particles adhering to wall. The composite fluidization mode of swirl-once through flow in DCFB-FGD was applied in a 145MW unit to the difficulties. As a result, uniformity of axial velocity and temperature for composite fluidization mode in the experimental diameters are better than that of traditional venturi fluidization mode. Desulfurization efficiency of composite fluidization mode is increased with Ca/S molar ratio increased and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature decreased. The desulfurization efficiency can be higher than 90% at lower Ca/S molar ratio and higher approach to adiabatic saturation temperature. System can operates stable for long time with a little phenomena of particles adhering to wall. So it suits the request of the semidry FGD with circulating fluidized beds and has better foreground. Introduction
EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice

To develop evidence-based recommendations for the use of imaging modalities in primary large vessel vasculitis (LVV) including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) standardised operating procedures were followed. A systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve data on the role of imaging modalities including ultrasound, MRI, CT and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in LVV. Based on evidence and expert opinion, the task force consisting of 20 physicians, healthcare professionals and patients from 10 EULAR countries developed recommendations, with consensus obtained through voting. The final level of agreement was voted anonymously. A total of 12 recommendations have been formulated. The task force recommends an early imaging test in patients with suspected LVV, with ultrasound and MRI being the first choices in GCA and TAK, respectively. CT or PET may be used alternatively. In case the diagnosis is still in question after clinical examination and imaging, additional investigations including temporal artery biopsy and/or additional imaging are required. In patients with a suspected flare, imaging might help to better assess disease activity. The frequency and choice of imaging modalities for long-term monitoring of structural damage remains an individual decision; close monitoring for aortic aneurysms should be conducted in patients at risk for this complication. All imaging should be performed by a trained specialist using appropriate operational procedures and settings. These are the first EULAR recommendations providing up-to-date guidance for the role of imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with (suspected) LVV.
Use of Visual Information for Phonetic Perception

Abstract The accuracy with which naive listeners can report sentences presented 12 dB below a background of continuous prose was compared with accuracy in four audio visually supplemented conditions. With monochrome displays of the talker showing (i) the face, (ii) the lips and (iii) four points at the centres of the lips and the corners of the mouth, accuracy improved by 43, 31 and 8%, respectively. No improvement was produced by optical information on syllabic timing. The results suggest that optical concomitants of articulation specify linguistic information to normal listeners. This conclusion was reinforced in a second experiment in which identification functions were obtained for continua of synthetic syllables ranging between [aba], [ada] and [aga], presented both in isolation and in combination with video recordings. Audio-visually, [b] was only perceived when lip closure was specified optically and, if lip closure was specified optically, [b] was generally perceived. Perceivers appear to make use of articulatory constraints upon the combined audio-visual specification of phonetic events, suggesting that optical and acoustical displays are co-perceived in a common metric closely related to that of articulatory dynamics.
Serum estrogens and gonadotropins in developing androgenized and normal female rats.

Serum levels of estradiol and estrone in normal female rats were compared with those in females treated with 50 mcg testosterone propionate on Day 5 postpartum and correlated with gonadotropin levels. The hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay following purification of the estrogens by column chromatography. Estradiol and estrone declined in normal rats between Days 10 and 20. Estradiol increased (p less than .01) between Days 25 and 30 but estrone remained constant. Androgenized rats had about 3 times more estradiol and estrone as the normals on Day 10 (p less than .01). Both hormones decreased and then increased to about 15 times the normal values by Day 20. At 30 days the normals had about the same amount of estradiol as the androgenized rats. However, estrone was higher (p less than .01) in the normals. Estradiol levels were similar in older than 40 days androgenized and normal rats on the morning of proestrus. In rats who were ovariectomized prior to androgen injection, estradiol was higher (p less than .01) than in normals but lower (p less than .01) than in intact androgenized rats. Estrone was similar to intact androgenized rats but higher than in normals. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were higher in normal females at 10 and 15 days (p less than .01). At 30 days the differences were small. Prolactin levels were similar until Days 20-25 when they increased in both (significantly in the androgenized, p less than .01). It was concluded that estrogens play a role in producing and rogenized female rats and that gonadotropins may be involved in androgenization. hypothalamic changes in androgenized female rats and that gonadotropins may be involved in androgenization.
Stresses in FGM pressure tubes under non-uniform temperature distribution

The effects of material nonhomogeneity and nonisothermal conditions on the stress response of pressurized tubes are assessed by virtue of a computational model. The modulus of elasticity, the Poisson`s ratio, the yield strength, and the coefficient of thermal expansion, are assumed to vary nonlinearly in the tube. A logarithmic temperature distribution within the tube is proposed. Under these conditions, it is shown that the stress states and the magnitudes of response variables are affected significantly by both the material nonhomogeneity and the existence of the radial temperature gradient.
Repeated Clozapine Increases the Level of Serotonin 5-HT1AR Heterodimerization with 5-HT2A or Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Mouse Cortex

G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimers are new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. Dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors play an important role in neurotransmission and have been implicated in many human psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether antipsychotic drugs (clozapine (CLZ) and haloperidol (HAL)) affected the formation of heterodimers of D2–5-HT1A receptors as well as 5-HT1A–5-HT2A receptors. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to accurately visualize, for the first time, GPCR heterodimers both at in vitro and ex vivo levels. In line with our previous behavioral studies, we used ketamine to induce cognitive deficits in mice. Our study confirmed the co-localization of D2/5-HT1A and 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptors in the mouse cortex. Low-dose CLZ (0.3 mg/kg) administered repeatedly, but not CLZ at 1 mg/kg, increased the level of D2–5-HT1A and 5-HT1A–5-HT2A heterodimers in the mouse prefrontal and frontal cortex. On the other hand, HAL decreased the level of GPCR heterodimers. Ketamine affected the formation of 5-HT1A–5-HT2A, but not D2–5-HT1A, heterodimers.
Perspectives of survivors, families and researchers on key outcomes for research in acute respiratory failure

Background There is heterogeneity among the outcomes evaluated in studies of survivors of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Aim To evaluate the importance of specific outcome domains to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors, their family members and clinical researchers. Methods Nineteen outcome domains were identified from the National Institutes of Health’s Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health; Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS); as well as patient, clinician and researcher input. We surveyed ARDS survivors, family members and critical care researchers, 279 respondents in total, using a 5-point scale (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree) to rate the importance of measuring each domain in studies of ARF survivors’ postdischarge outcomes. Measurements and main results At least 80% of patients and family members supported (ie, rated ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’) that 15 of the 19 domains should be measured in all future studies. Among researchers, 6 of 19 domains were supported, with researchers less supportive for all domains, except survival (95% vs 72% support). Overall, four domains were supported by all groups: physical function, cognitive function, return to work or prior activities and mental health. Conclusion Patient, family and researcher groups supported inclusion of outcome domains that fit within the PICS framework. Patients and family members also supported many additional domains, emphasising the importance of including patients/family, along with researchers, in consensus processes to select core outcome domains for future research studies.
ECG Denoising Using Marginalized Particle Extended Kalman Filter With an Automatic Particle Weighting Strategy

In this paper, a model-based Bayesian filtering framework called the “marginalized particle-extended Kalman filter (MP-EKF) algorithm” is proposed for electrocardiogram (ECG) denoising. This algorithm does not have the extended Kalman filter (EKF) shortcoming in handling non-Gaussian nonstationary situations because of its nonlinear framework. In addition, it has less computational complexity compared with particle filter. This filter improves ECG denoising performance by implementing marginalized particle filter framework while reducing its computational complexity using EKF framework. An automatic particle weighting strategy is also proposed here that controls the reliance of our framework to the acquired measurements. We evaluated the proposed filter on several normal ECGs selected from MIT-BIH normal sinus rhythm database. To do so, artificial white Gaussian and colored noises as well as nonstationary real muscle artifact (MA) noise over a range of low SNRs from 10 to −5 dB were added to these normal ECG segments. The benchmark methods were the EKF and extended Kalman smoother (EKS) algorithms which are the first model-based Bayesian algorithms introduced in the field of ECG denoising. From SNR viewpoint, the experiments showed that in the presence of Gaussian white noise, the proposed framework outperforms the EKF and EKS algorithms in lower input SNRs where the measurements and state model are not reliable. Owing to its nonlinear framework and particle weighting strategy, the proposed algorithm attained better results at all input SNRs in non-Gaussian nonstationary situations (such as presence of pink noise, brown noise, and real MA). In addition, the impact of the proposed filtering method on the distortion of diagnostic features of the ECG was investigated and compared with EKF/EKS methods using an ECG diagnostic distortion measure called the “Multi-Scale Entropy Based Weighted Distortion Measure” or MSEWPRD. The results revealed that our proposed algorithm had the lowest MSEPWRD for all noise types at low input SNRs. Therefore, the morphology and diagnostic information of ECG signals were much better conserved compared with EKF/EKS frameworks, especially in non-Gaussian nonstationary situations.
Work motivation and job satisfaction of health workers in urban and rural areas.

Background/Aim Motivated and job satisfied health professionals represent a basis of success of modern health institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in work motivation and job satisfaction between health workers in urban and rural areas in the region of Central Serbia. Methods The study included 396 health professionals from urban setting, and 436 from a rural area, employed in four randomly selected health facilities. An anonymous questionnaire was used for data gathering. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2, Student t-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. Results Urban health professionals were significantly more motivated and job satisfied than respondents from rural area. In relation to work motivation factors and job satisfaction of health professionals in urban and rural areas, there were no significant differences in working conditions and current equipment, and in terms of job satisfaction there were no significant differences in relation to income either. Conclusion In order to increase the level of work motivation and job satisfaction of health workers in rural areas, apart from better income, they should get more assistance and support from their supervisors, and awards for good job performance; interpersonal relationships, promotion and advancement opportunities, managerial performance and cooperation at work should be improved; employment security should be provided, as well as more independence at work, with professional supervision of health workers.
Atherosclerotic Calcification: Wnt Is the Hint

Cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of death. [1][1] Myocardial infarction (MI), angina, and stroke take >16 million lives every year, but the underlying mechanisms by which these often‐fatal cardiovascular events occur tend to escape attention. [2][2] Atherosclerosis is the underlying
Influence of Paperboard Structure and Processing Conditions on Forming of Complex Paperboard Structures

Experiments were made with a laboratory apparatus for forming paper sheets into double‐curved structures. The purpose was to learn more about the design criteria for forming of paper materials into complex shapes. The influence of forming parameters such as moisture and temperature was studied, and the performance of some common pulps as raw materials for the paper sheets was evaluated. Papers made from short hardwood fibres performed worse than papers from other pulps, and the method of moisture application was more important than the amount of moisture that was applied. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.