Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warburg effect linked to cognitive‐executive deficits in FMR1 premutation

A55–200 CGG repeat expansion in the 5′‐UTR of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene is known as a premutation. Some carriers are affected by the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), primary ovarian insufficiency, and neurobehavioral impairments. Based on the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in fibroblasts and brain samples from carriers, as well as in neurons and brains from a mouse model of the premutation, we evaluated the presence of the Warburg effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 premutation carriers with either a rebalance of the metabolism [increasing glycolysis while decreasing oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos)] or a metabolic amplification (increasing glycolysis while maintaining/increasing oxphos). Deficits in oxphos—more pronounced in FXTAS‐affected subjects—were accompanied by a shift toward glycolysis, suggesting increased glycolysis despite aerobic conditions. Differential proteomics extended these findings, unveiling a decreased antioxidant response, translation, and disrupted extra‐cellular matrix and cytoskeleton organization with activation of prosenescence pathways. Lower bioenergetics segregated with increased incidence of low executive function, tremors, below‐average IQ, and FXTAS. The combination of functional and proteomic data unveiled new mechanisms related to energy production in the premutation, showing the potential of being applicable to other psychiatric disorders to identify endophenotypespecific responses relevant to neurobiology. —Napoli, E. , Song, G. , Schneider, A. , Hagerman, R. , Eldeeb, M.A.A.A. , Azarang, A. , Tassone, F. , Giulivi, C. Warburg effect linked to cognitive‐executive deficits in FMR1 premutation. FASEB J. 30, 3334–3351 (2016). www.fasebj. org
A Chinese longitudinal study on work/family enrichment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore reciprocal relationships between work/family resources, work/family enrichment (WFE), and work/family satisfaction in a Chinese society.Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal design was adopted using a three‐wave panel sample. Data were obtained from 310 Taiwanese employees on three occasions, six months apart.Findings – Results of cross‐lagged structural equation modeling analyses offered strong support for the hypothesized reciprocal relationships between the focal constructs. The authors found that while modeling WFE, work resources (supervisory support), WFE and job satisfaction were mutually related to one another over time. While modeling family‐to‐work enrichment (FWE), family resources (family support), FWE and family satisfaction were again mutually related to one another over time.Originality/value – This is the first longitudinal study on WFE with a non‐Western sample. Basing upon the findings, the authors suggest that the common theoretic.
Testing of a long-term fall detection system incorporated into a custom vest for the elderly

A fall detection system and algorithm, incorporated into a custom designed garment has been developed. The developed fall detection system uses a tri-axial accelerometer to detect impacts and monitor posture. This sensor is attached to a custom designed vest, designed to be worn by the elderly person under clothing. The fall detection algorithm was developed and incorporates both impact and posture detection capability. The vest and fall algorithm was tested by two teams of 5 elderly subjects who wore the sensor system in turn for 2 week each and were monitored for 8 hours a day.
The critical role of ocular‐infiltrating macrophages in the development of choroidal neovascularization

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is directly related to visual loss in some eye diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration. Although several human histological studies have suggested the participation of macrophages in CNV formation, the precise mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we elucidated the role of ocular‐infiltrating macrophages in experimental CNV using CCR2 knockout (KO) mice, wild‐type mice, and C57BL/6 (B6) mice. CCR2 is the receptor of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and the number of infiltrating macrophage and the area of CNV were significantly reduced in CCR2 KO mice. Enriched ocular‐infiltrating macrophages from B6 mice actually showed angiogenic ability in a dorsal air sac assay. Moreover, their expression of class II, CD40, B7‐1 and B7‐2 molecules, and the mRNA for potential angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor α, was also observed. Collectively, we conclude that ocular‐infiltrating macrophages play an important role in CNV generation.
Collaboration or plagiarism: what happens when students work together

This paper describes the findings of a small-scale case study concerning the collaborative aspects of student working practices. It is a pilot investigation into the strategies that are employed by students when attempting Object Oriented programming exercises outside the formal classroom setting.Some of the collaborative practices are simple cases of copying, but others, despite falling within the definition of plagiarism, are a beneficial, and possibly useful, means of enhancing the learning process.Although this study only focuses upon a small group of students in one UK University, the practices highlighted are unlikely to be confined to this one setting.
techniques of neutralization and self-esteem: a critical test of social control and neutralization theory

Sykes and Matza argued that delinquents use techniques of neutralization to enable themselves to engage in behavior they believe is wrong under most circumstances. One function of using these techniques is that the individual is able to protect his or her self-concept while committing delinquent acts. This implies that delinquent youth who use these techniques should have higher levels of self-esteem than delinquents who do not use them. Because Sykes and Matza hold that neutralization is necessary because of the delinquents ties to conventional society, this effect should be stronger among delinquent youth who are more strongly attached to their parents. In contrast, Hirschis social control theory predicts that delinquents who are able to maintain a bond to conventional society should be less likely to neutralize, but if they do neutralize, they should be unable to sufficiently convince themselves of the validity of the neutralizations to protect self-esteem. These hypotheses are tested using data from the Richmond Youth Survey. The results differed depending on whether general neutralizations or neutralizations regarding the police were analyzed. Children who are attached to their parents are less likely to use police-related neutralizations, but delinquents who use these neutralizations have higher self-esteem, consistent with neutralization theory. Delinquents who are more strongly attached to their parents are also less likely to use general neutralizations, but these neutralization techniques do not lead to higher levels of self-esteem, consistent with control theory.
Limited Asset Market Participation, Sticky Wages, and Monetary Policy

We study the design of monetary policy in an economy characterized by staggered wage and price contracts together with limited asset market participation (LAMP). Contrary to previous results, we nd that once nominal wage stickiness, an incontrovertible empirical fact, is considered: i) the Taylor Principle is restored as a necessary condition for equilibrium determinacy for any empirically plausible degree of LAMP; ii) the e¤ect of LAMP for the design of optimal monetary policy are minor; iii) optimal interest rate rules becomes active no matter the degree of asset market participation. For these reasons we argue that LAMP does not fundamentally a¤ect the design of monetary policy. JEL Classi cation Numbers: E50, E55. Keywords: optimal monetary policy, sticky wages, non-Ricardian household, determinacy, optimal simple rules. The paper previously circulated with the title "Limited Asset Market Participation: does it Really Matter for Monetary Policy? " (Bank of Finland WP 15-12). We thank Florin Bilbiie, Luca Dedola, Huw Dixon, Francesco Furlanettto, Martin Ellison, Tommaso Monacelli, Salvatore Nistico, Luca Onorante, Tiziano Ropele, Patrizio Tirelli and Jouko Vilmunen for useful comments. We would also like to thank seminar participants at the ECB, the Bank of Finland, the University of Roma Tor Vergata and the Luiss University. The paper has also bene ted from comments of participants at the Anglo-French-Italian Workshop on Macroeconomics (GREQAM) in Marseille, the Conference on Economic Policy and Business Cycle at the University of Milano Bicocca and the International Conference on Macroeconomic Analysis and International Finance at the University of Crete. Andrea Colciago is grateful to the Central Bank of Finland for hospitality as a Visiting Schoolar while this paper was written. The authors thank the MIUR for nancial support through a PRIN grant. Corresponding author: Guido Ascari, Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of Pavia, Via San Felice 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Tel: +39 0382 986211; e-mail: guido.ascari@unipv.it.
Analysis of decision criteria in military plea negotiations

This research examines plea bargain decision making by analysis of 535 case records in five U.S. Army, Europe, court-martial jurisdictions for one twelve-month period in 1977–1978. The paper reports on a study of the impact of eleven variables on three pleading outcomes. Using discriminant function analysis, the pleading variables are defined as consisting of three groups (negotiated guilty, non-negotiated guilty, and not guilty), or two groups (guilty, not guilty) (negotiated guilty, all other cases). The results indicate that the independent variables are not too successful in separating the groups, especially the smallest group of non-negotiated guilty pleas; the same small proportion of variance is explained regardless of how one splits the sample and defines the number of groups in the discriminant model. In each analysis, the number of charges stands out as having the most discriminating power. The study's findings are compared with Feeley's, and Eisenstein and Jacob's conceptual perspectives of cou.
Further assessments of Meyer and Allen's (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment.

The construct validity of J. P. Meyer and N. J. Allen's (1991) 3-component model of organizational commitment was assessed. Despite the large error components associated with some of the items from Meyer and Allen's scales, the existence of 3 facets of commitment (affective, continuance, and normative) was generally supported by a confirmatory factor analysis of data from 2,301 nurses. Moreover, some of the expected differential relationships of these facets to antecedents and outcomes of commitment were observed in both the nurse sample and a sample comprising 80 bus operators. However, the facets generally did not relate strongly or differentially to a set of rating and nonrating measures of job performance
Quantum orders and symmetric spin liquids

A concept-quantum order-is introduced to describe a new kind of orders that generally appear in quantum states at zero temperature. Quantum orders that characterize the universality classes of quantum states (described bycomplex ground-state wave functions) are much richer than classical orders that characterize the universality classes of finite-temperature classical states (described by positive probability distribution functions). Landau's theory for orders and phase transitions does not apply to quantum orders since they cannot be described by broken symmetries and the associated order parameters. We introduced a mathematical object-projective symmetry group-to characterize quantum orders. With the help of quantum orders and projective symmetry groups, we construct hundreds of symmetric spin liquids, which have SU(2), U(1), or Z 2 gauge structures at low energies. We found that various spin liquids can be divided into four classes: (a) Rigid spin liquid-spinons (and all other excitations) are fully gapped and may have bosonic, fermionic, or fractional statistics. (b) Fermi spin liquid-spinons are gapless and are described by a Fermi liquid theory. (c) Algebraic spin liquid-spinons are gapless, but they are not described by free fermionic-bosonic quasiparticles. (d) Bose spin liquid-low-lying gapless excitations are described by a free-boson theory. The stability of those spin liquids is discussed in detail. We find that stable two-dimensional spin liquids exist in the first three classes (a)-(c). Those stable spin liquids occupy a finite region in phase space and represent quantum phases. Remarkably, some of the stable quantum phases support gapless excitations even without any spontaneous symmetry breaking. In particular, the gapless excitations in algebraic spin liquids interact down to zero energy and the interaction does not open any energy gap. We propose that it is the quantum orders (instead of symmetries) that protect the gapless excitations and make algebraic spin liquids and Fermi spin liquids stable. Since high-T c superconductors are likely to be described by a gapless spin liquid, the quantum orders and their projective symmetry group descriptions lay the foundation for a spin liquid approach to high-T c superconductors.
Stochastic dispersal increases the rate of upstream spread: A case study with green crabs on the northwest Atlantic coast

Dispersal heterogeneity is an important process that can compensate for downstream advection, enabling aquatic organisms to persist or spread upstream. Our main focus was the effect of year-to-year variation in larval dispersal on invasion spread rate. We used the green crab, Carcinus maenas, as a case study. This species was first introduced over 200 years ago to the east coast of North America, and once established has maintained a relatively consistent spread rate against the dominant current. We used a stage-structured, integro-difference equation model that couples a demographic matrix for population growth and dispersal kernels for spread of individuals within a season. The kernel describing larval dispersal, the main dispersive stage, was mechanistically modeled to include both drift and settlement rate components. It was parameterized using a 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of St Lawrence, which enabled us to incorporate larval behavior, namely vertical swimming. Dispersal heterogeneity was modeled at two temporal scales: within the larval period (months) and over the adult lifespan (years). The kernel models variation within the larval period. To model the variation among years, we allowed the kernel parameters to vary by year. Results indicated that when dispersal parameters vary with time, knowledge of the time-averaged dispersal process is insufficient for determining the upstream spread rate of the population. Rather upstream spread is possible over a number of years when incorporating the yearly variation, even when there are only a few “good years” featured by some upstream dispersal among many “bad years” featured by only downstream dispersal. Accounting for annual variations in dispersal in population models is important to enhance understanding of spatial dynamics and population spread rates. Our developed model also provides a good platform to link the modeling of larval behavior and demography to large-scale hydrodynamic models.
Public Support for Early Intervention: Is Child Saving a “Habit of the Heart”?

Abstract Despite portrayals of Americans as exceptionally punitive and as favoring “get tough” solutions to offending, a wealth of survey research shows that the public also supports a social welfare, rehabilitative approach to crime control. Opinion polls reveal that citizens are particularly supportive of efforts to intervene with at-risk children and youths—so much so that belief in child saving can be considered an American “habit of the heart. ” It is clear that public opinion is not a barrier to early intervention programs. In fact, such public support, combined with increasing evidence of the behavioral and cost effectiveness of treatment programs, might soon coalesce to create a “tipping point” in which early intervention becomes a viable policy agenda on the national level.
Vitamin D, the Cutaneous Barrier, Antimicrobial Peptides and Allergies: Is There a Link?

Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) are very common in industrialized countries. Up to 15%-30% of all children and 2%-10% of all adults suffer from AD. Already in early disease stages, a defective epidermal barrier is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Central elements in the epidermal barrier are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are secreted by keratinocytes, sweat gland cells but also infiltrating immune cells. AMPs function as endogenous antibiotics and are able to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Furthermore AMPs act as immune modulators with effects on the innate and adaptive immune system. The probably best studied AMPs in human skin are the defensins and cathelicidin. In atopic diseases the functions of AMPs such as cathelicidin might be impaired and microbial superinfections could serve as cofactors for allergic sensitization. Hence, induction of AMPs could be beneficial in these patients. Cathelicidin which is often referred to its peptide form hCAP18 or LL-37 can be induced by ultraviolet light B (UVB) irradiation and is upregulated in infected and injured skin. The cathelicidin gene carries a vitamin D response element and the vitamin D pathway could therefore be targeted for cathelicidin regulation. As the development and course of atopic diseases might be influenced by vitamin D signaling these pathomechanisms could explain the growing evidence connecting vitamin D to allergic diseases, including AD, allergic rhinitis, food allergies and asthma. In this review the role of vitamin D and the AMP cathelicidin in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases with impaired barrier function will be discussed.
Differential effects of mood on information processing: Evidence from the theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour

The theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour continue to receive considerable research attention, despite criticisms of their ‘asocial’ conceptualisation and the rational decision-making approach. Two studies were designed to assess the impact of induced mood on condom use (Study 1) and food choice (Study 2). Both studies provided support for application of the theory of reasoned action to health-related behaviour, and for differential effects of mood on information processing. Study 1 provided support for problem-focus theory, with attitudes (but not subjective norm) predicting intention in the negative mood condition. The opposite pattern of findings held for the positive mood condition (i.e. only subjective norm predicted intention). The results of Study 2 provided further support for the problem-focus approach and for the inclusion of self-identity in the theory of planned behaviour. The findings are discussed with implications for future work on mood and behavioural decision making. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture Shock and Social Support: An Investigation of a Chinese Student Organization on a US Campus

Previous research has explored common dimensions of culture shock across groups of international students, examined factors influencing intercultural adjustment of individual sojourners, and in the meantime, suggested that communicating with same culture members is minimally helpful for intercultural adjustment. By investigating a Chinese student organization on a US campus and analyzing the qualitative data collected via multiple methods, the researcher found that (a) culture shock is contextually based; (b) a student organization can play an instrumental role in helping students to cope with culture shock and gain intercultural competence by providing social support; and (c) communicating with same culture members can help intercultural adjustment. Implications for international student orientation, study abroad programs, and community-based help programs for international students are discussed.
Potential Effects of Warming and Drying on Peatland Plant Community Composition

Boreal peatlands may be particularly vulnerable to climate change, because temperature regimes that currently constrain biological activity in these regions are predicted to increase substantially within the next century. Changes in peatland plant community composition in response to climate change may alter nutrient availability, energy budgets, trace gas fluxes, and carbon storage. We investigated plant community response to warming and drying in a field mesocosm experiment in northern Minnesota, USA. Large intact soil monoliths removed from a bog and a fen received three infrared warming treatments crossed with three water-table treatments (n 5 3) for five years. Foliar cover of each species was estimated annually. In the bog, increases in soil temperature and decreases in water-table elevation increased cover of shrubs by 50% and decreased cover of graminoids by 50%. The response of shrubs to warming was distinctly species-specific, and ranged from increases (for Andromeda glaucophylla) to decreases (for Kalmia polifolia). In the fens, changes in plant cover were driven primarily by changes in water-table elevation, and responses were species-and lifeform-specific: increases in water-table elevation increased cover of graminoids ± in particular Carex lasiocarpa and Carex livida ± as well as mosses. In contrast, decreases in water-table elevation increased cover of shrubs, in particular A. glaucophylla and Chamaedaphne calyculata. The differential and sometimes opposite response of species and lifeforms to the treatments suggest that the structure and function of both bog and fen plant communities will change ± in different directions or at different magnitudes ± in response to warming and/or changes in water-table elevation that may accompany regional or global climate change.
Relations among Measures of Job Satisfaction, Role Conflict, and Role Ambiguity for a Sample of Greek Teachers

Scores on a measure of job satisfaction and their relation with scores on role conflict and role ambiguity were examined among 100 teachers (60 in primary schools and 40 in secondary schools) in Greece. Correlations for scores on Job Satisfaction with Role Conflict, and Ambiguity were inverse. In particular, scores on Role Conflict were correlated (–.45 with those on Supervision, –.37 with Working Conditions, and –.47 with Organization as a Whole), while scores on Role Ambiguity were correlated –. 37 with scores on Work Itself and –. 45 with those on Supervision.
Empowering aspects of transition from kindergarten to first grade through children's voices

This study was designed to investigate the reflective comments of 55 first grade children regarding their experiences in kindergarten and first grade. Data collection involved a conversational interview during which children voiced their reflections and comparisons on specific issues (e.g. friends, teacher, learning) they had encountered during kindergarten and were currently experiencing in first grade. The data was analyzed through Foucault’s tenets of power. The aspects of the transition that empowered children were noted and further discussed, as well as aspects that were perceived as limiting. Specifically, children seem to find some things empowering: the newness of the experience; the challenging and hard work; the independence they have in a spacious school playground; the access to a canteen and separate bathroom areas and the opportunity to make more friends. On the other hand, children noted several limiting elements: the structure of the day and specifically the constant lesson‐work model; the teacher's more stern behaviors and the scarcity of fun.