Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The involvement of suppressor T cells in Ir gene regulation of secondary antibody responses of primed (responder X nonresponder)F1 mice to macrophage-bound L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine

(Responder [R] X nonresponder [NR])F1 mice give indistinguishable primary in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to either R or NR parental macrophages (Mphi) pulsed with the Ir-gene controlled antigen L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). However, such (R X NR)F1 mice, if primed to GAT, retained in vitro responsiveness to GAT-R- Mphi, but no longer responded to GAT-NR-Mphi. This suggested (a) a possible Mphi-related locus for Ir gene activity in this model, and (b) the occurrence of active suppression after priming with GAT leading to a selective loss of the usual primary responsiveness of (R X NR)F1 mice to GAT-NR-Mphi. This latter interpretation was tested in the current study. [Responder C57BL/6 (H-2b) X nonresponder DBA/1 (H-2q)]F1 mice were primed with 100 microgram GAT in pertussis adjuvant. 4-8 wk later, spleen cells from such mice were tested alone or mixed with normal unprimed F1 spleen cells for PFC responses to GAT-R-Mphi and GAT-NR- Mphi. The primed cells failed to respond to GAT-NR-Mphi, and moreover, actively suppressed the normal response of unprimed F1 cells to GAT-NR- Mphi. If the primed spleen cell donor had been treated with 5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide 3 days before priming or with 5-10 microliter/day of an antiserum to the I-Jb subregion [B10.A(5R) anti B10.A(3R)] during the first 4 days postpriming (both procedures known to inhibit suppressor T-cell activity), cells from such mice responded in secondary culture to both GAT-R-Mphi and also GAT-NR-MPhi. In addition, such spleen cells no longer were capable of suppressing normal F1 cells in response to GAT-NR-Mphi. Similar data were obtained using [CBA (H- 2k) X DBA/1 (H-2q)]F1. Further, it was shown that (a) primary responsiveness to GAT-NR-Mphi was not an artifact of in vitro Mphi pulsing, because in vivo GAT-pulsed Mphi showed the same activity and (b) the secondary restriction for Mphi-antigen presentation was controlled by H-2 linked genes. These data suggest an important role for suppressor T cells in H-2 restricted secondary PFC responses, and also provide additional support for the hypothesis that Ir-gene controlled differences in Mphi antigen presentation are related to both suppressor cell generation and overall responsiveness in the GAT model.
Hope and Academic Success in College.

A cognitive, motivational theory is introduced to the educational research community. Hope theory integrates the conceptualization of goals, along with the strategies to achieve those goals (pathways), and the motivation to pursue those goals (agency). In a 6-year longitudinal study, individual differences in hope, as measured by the Hope Scale (C. R. Snyder et al., 1991) scores of entering college freshmen, predicted better overall grade point averages even after controlling for variance related to entrance examination scores. High- relative to the low-hope students also were more likely to have graduated and not to have been dismissed over this 6-year period. Hopeful thinking in college academics is discussed, along with the contributions of hope theory for educational research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Insulin Resistance, Brain Atrophy, and Cognitive Performance in Late Middle–Aged Adults

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance dysregulates glucose uptake and other functions in brain areas affected by Alzheimer disease. Insulin resistance may play a role in Alzheimer disease etiopathogenesis. This longitudinal study examined whether insulin resistance among late middle–aged, cognitively healthy individuals was associated with 1) less gray matter in Alzheimer disease–sensitive brain regions and 2) worse cognitive performance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, gray matter volume, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were acquired in 372 participants at baseline and a consecutive subset of 121 individuals ~4 years later. Voxel-based morphometry and tensor-based morphometry were used, respectively, to test the association of insulin resistance with baseline brain volume and progressive gray matter atrophy. RESULTS Higher insulin resistance predicted less gray matter at baseline and 4 years later in medial temporal lobe, prefrontal cortices, precuneus, and other parietal gyri. A region-of-interest analysis, independent of the voxel-wise analyses, confirmed that higher insulin resistance was related to medial temporal lobe atrophy. Atrophy itself corresponded to cognitive deficits in the RAVLT. Temporal lobe atrophy that was predicted by higher insulin resistance significantly mediated worse RAVLT encoding performance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that insulin resistance in an asymptomatic, late middle–aged cohort is associated with progressive atrophy in regions affected by early Alzheimer disease. Insulin resistance may also affect the ability to encode episodic information by negatively influencing gray matter volume in medial temporal lobe.
An Analysis of the Expansion of Higher Education in Turkey Using the New Institutional Theory

Citation: Karataş Acer, E. , & Güçlü, N. (2017). An analysis of the expansion of higher education in Turkey using the new institutional theory. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17, 1911−1933. http://dx.doi. org/10.12738/estp.2017. 6.0031 * This research is a part of the doctoral dissertation titled “An Analysis of the Expansion of Higher Education in Turkey Using the New Institutional Theory,” which was presented by Ebru Karataş Acer at Gazi University, Institute of Educational Sciences in 2015. This study also received funding from the Council of Higher Education in Turkey through a visiting-scholar position at the University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, New York, US. An earlier version was presented at the 2nd International Eurasian Educational Research Congress, held by Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey on June 8-10, 2015. 1 Correspondence to: Ebru Karataş Acer (PhD), Department of Educational Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak, 64200 Turkey. Email: ebru.karatas@usak.edu. tr 2 Department of Educational Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara Turkey. Email: nguclu@gazi.edu. tr Abstract Like many other countries around the world, Turkey faces challenges in answering the global demand for expanding higher education. In order to do so, Turkey has promoted a rapid expansion of universities since 2006, establishing 58 universities throughout the country at a growth rate of 109%. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural imperatives of Turkish public universities to determine their organizational model according to the perception of academic faculty members. Using the perspective known as new institutionalism to form the conceptual framework, the study also draws attention to the issues of quality versus quantity and diversity versus homogeneity within Turkey’s higher education system. This study uses mixed methods. Aside from the method of descriptive statistics, the data analysis process also uses the methods of factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. Our analysis shows that, although the number of universities has increased, the quality of universities does not parallel to the growth in Turkey’s higher education system. Regarding the issues of diversity versus homogeneity, new universities represent a highly bureaucratic university model, which makes Turkey’s higher education system isomorphic.
The effect of training on the temporal dominance of sensations method: A study with milk protein hydrolysates

The Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method could be an alternative approach to trained panels for the sensory analysis of protein hydrolysates. However, the amount of training required for accurate TDS results is still unclear. Furthermore the masking of unpleasant tastes in protein hydrolysates using sweeteners is often only partially successful. The aim of this study was: (1) To undertake Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) with protein hydrolysates using the same group of panelists as they progress through different levels of training: as untrained panelists, familiarized panelists, and trained panelists. (2) To examine the effect of increasing sweetness on the suppression of sensory attributes using a continuous temporal method (TDS). Four products were assessed: a casein hydrolysate at 10% wt/wt with 4 levels of sucralose (0%, 1.5%, 3% and 6% equivalent sweetness). Similar TDS results were obtained for all three levels of training for each product, however consensus of selection and product discrimination increased with training. As sweetness
Dissing Oneself versus Dissing Rivals: Effects of Status, Personality, and Sex on the Short-Term and Long-Term Attractiveness of Self-Deprecating and Other-Deprecating Humor

This study explores the adaptive functions and design features of self-and other-deprecating humor. Sixty-four female and 32 male college students participated in a two-part study. In the first part, we examined the relationships among participant demographics, personality traits, and preferences for producing different types of humor. Men report using more other-deprecating humor than women do, and the use of other-deprecating humor decreases with age for both sexes. In the second part of the study, each participant listened to tape recordings of opposite-sex people who were described as having different levels of status, and who produced different types of humor; then participants rated each person's attractiveness as a potential short-term and long-term mate. Humor type and presenter status had no effects on short-term attractiveness, but self-deprecating humor by high-status presenters (but not low-status presenters) increased long-term attractiveness for both sexes. These results are discussed in the light of sexual selection theory and costly signaling theory.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Hormon Di Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Matauli Pandan Tahun Pembelajaran 2016/2017

This study aims to determine the difficulties of learning on the subject matter of hormones in class XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Matauli Pandan Year Learning 2016/2017. The population in this study is all students of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Matauli Pandan consisting of 11 classes with the number of students 324 students. The sample in this study was taken at random as many as 118 students. The methods undertaken in this research are quantitative descriptive. The research instrument uses the data taken with the problem of objective test and questionnaire. From the results of data processing known to have difficulty learning on hormonal material seen from the number of non-completion of students in completing the objective test of 83.05% high categorized. A thorough student has a score below 75 of 98 people given a questionnaire containing questions with 4 indicators of factors that affect student learning outcomes. Based on the result of questionnaire, it can be concluded that the factors that influence the mastery of the most dominant student learning are
Using Tele-rehabilitation to Address Executive Dysfunction and to Promote Community Integration after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

Executive dysfunction can affect community integration in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach has shown some promise in promoting functional improvements in adults with executive dysfunctions post TBI. However, access to rehabilitation is often limited especially in rural communities. This study aimed to (1) investigate the feasibility of administering the CO-OP approach in a tele-rehabilitation format and (2) examine its impact on community integration and executive dysfunction. A pilot series of 3 case studies was conducted. Participants identified 5 goals; 3 were trained and 2 were untrained to allow examination of transfer. Outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the MayoPortland Adaptability Inventory-4 Participation Index, and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. Descriptive analyses demonstrated goal achievement and transfer, suggesting it is feasible to implement the CO-OP approach in a tele-rehabilitation format. Community integration and executive dysfunction behaviours also showed trends towards improvement.
CO-EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM WITH SEXUAL SELECTION FOR MULTI-MODAL OPTIMIZATION

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) often suffer from premature loss of population diversity what results in premature convergence and may lead to locating local optima instead of a global one. For multi-modal problem landscapes a simple EA will inevitably locate a single solution. If we are interested in finding multiple solutions of comparable fitness, some multi-modal function optimization techniques (so called niching methods) should be used. Niching techniques are aimed at forming and stably maintaining species (which live in different niches) throughout the search process. Sexual selection resulting from co-evolution of female mate choice and male display trait is considered to be one of the mechanisms responsible for speciation. This paper introduces the co-evolutionary multi-agent system with sexual selection mechanism. Such system is applied to multi-modal function optimization and the results from runs against commonly used test functions are presented. Also the comparison to other niching techniques is made.
Intrapopulation variability in mineralization density at the human femoral mid‐shaft

One of several microstructural variables known to affect the mechanical properties of bone is the degree of mineralization of bone matrix. The aim of this study was to examine mineralization density, and its variability with age and sex, from a biomechanical perspective. Histological sections, prepared from mid‐shaft femora obtained at autopsy from 40 individuals, were imaged using quantitative backscattered electron microscopy. Each cross‐section montage was divided into 48 segments according to anatomical position. Mean grey‐level values were quantified for each segment. One‐way anova with Tukey HSD post hoc tests were used to test for differences in mineralization between segments, age groups and sexes. Results showed a decrease in overall degree of mineralization density with adult age, but an increase in its coefficient of variation. Degree of mineralization was significantly lower in the periosteal third of the cortex, particularly in the antero‐lateral aspect. This pattern was most prevalent amongst the youngest individuals in the sample. Whereas males between ages 45–64 years had a higher average degree of mineralization than females, the opposite was true of the older age group. Mineralization significantly decreased between middle and older age groups in males, but not in females. Despite limited consistencies in the location of high and low average mineralization bone through the cortex, the degree of interindividual variation, even within a single age and sex group, overwhelmed population level trends. The patterns of variability identified in this study are consistent with results of an analysis of collagen fibre orientation using the same sample material.
The Myth of Embodied Metaphor

concepts are metaphorical, the Conceptual Theory of Metaphor, CTM for short, claims. According to George Lakoff, one of the founding fathers of CTM, “everyday abstract concepts like time, states, change, causation, and purpose turn out to be metaphorical“. (Lakoff 1993: 203) Mark Johnson, his brother-in-arms, has it that “[a]ll theories are based on metaphors because all our abstract concepts are metaphorically defi ned” (Johnson 2008: 51). But they not only claim that abstract concepts are metaphorical(ly defi ned). They also claim that metaphor comprehension is embodied! The idea that abstract terms are metaphorical has intuitive appeal. In using metaphors, we try to understand one kind of phenomenon in terms of another, and we thereby often borrow from the concrete realm of sensory experience in order to conceptualize abstract and mental phenomena (Lakoff and Johnson 1980). We feel blue, complain about her being cold or thin-skinned, we let people “chew over new suggestions and digest new information” (Deutscher 2005: 122), and we say that someone’s theory needs more support, is about to collapse, etc. We talk about abstract, ‘elusive’ things such as emotions, information or theories in terms of more concrete phenomena and mundane activities such as temperature, digestion or buildings. But CTM is not really a theory about linguistic usage as metaphor is “not a fi gure of speech but a mode of thought. ” (Lakoff 1993: 210). These modes of thought are called conceptual metaphors (hence the name of the theory). They are “mappings across conceptual domains” (Lakoff 1993: 203); more specifi cally, they are mappings from a source domain which is commonly less abstract onto a target domain which is commonly more abstract. Here is a somewhat overworked example that nonetheless nicely illustrates the point. Let us try to map the domain of journeys onto the domain of love. This is what we get. 5 For a more comprehensive overview over the debate about abstract terms, cf. also, e.g., Dove 2011, 2014; Borghi and Binkofski 2014, or Barsalou and WiemerHasting 2005. 202 N. Kompa, The Myth of Embodied Metaphor
Behind the Lighthouse Effect

A large body of empirical literature indicates that, contrary to predictions from economic theory, wages in the informal sector increase after any minimum wage hike. This phenomenon was so far explained as a byproduct of a signal conveyed by statutory minimum wages to wage setting in the informal sector, as if workers in the latter had significant bargaining power. A simple matching model shows that the lighthouse effect may be induced by significant sorting and composition effects between the formal and shadow sectors in the aftermath of the increase in the minimum wage. Using data on Brazil, we test this alternative explanation of the lighthouse effect, associated with the endogenous sorting of workers by skill in the formal and informal sectors. We find that sorting accounts for at least one third of the increase in average wages in the informal sector after the minimum wage hike. This contribution of sorting to wage dynamics in the informal sector is also increasing over time.
The Acidogenicity of Various Chocolates Available in Indian Market: A Comparative Study

It is widely accepted that all foods containing "fermentable carbohydrates" have the potential to contribute to caries formation. Fermentable carbohydrates are present in most starches and all sugars, including those that occur naturally in foods and those added in processed foods. The relative cariogenicity of chocolates is dependent on their composition, texture, solubility, retentiveness and ability to stimulate salivary flow. The composition of the chocolates has profound impact on its cariogenic potential. There are a wide range of chocolates available in the market and very few studies have compared the chocolates available in the Indian market. This study was an in vivo study done on 30 dental volunteers where the cariogenicity between filled and unfilled chocolates were compared by evaluating the pH of plaque at different time intervals taken at baseline and at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes using a pH meter. In unfilled group, milk chocolate had maximum pH drop at 20 minutes (5.895) and diet chocolate had minimum pH drop at 10 minutes (6.143). In filled group, fruit and nut had maximum pH drop at 20 minutes (5.713) and caramel had minimum pH drop at 15 minutes (5.817). The results between unfilled and filled chocolate were found to be statistically significant between 15-30 minutes (p < 0.0005) and suggestive that filled chocolates were more cariogenic than unfilled chocolates.
AMDD: Exploring Entropy Based Anonymous Multi-dimensional Data Detection for Network Optimization in Human Associated DTNs

Human associated delay-tolerant networks (HDTNs) are new networks where mobile devices are associated with humans and demonstrate social-related communication characteristics. Most of recent works use real social trace file to analyse its social characteristics, however social-related data is sensitive and has concern of privacy issues. In this paper, we propose an anonymous method that anonymize the original data by coding to preserve individual's privacy. The Shannon entropy is applied to the anonymous data to keep rich useful social characteristics for network optimization, e.g. routing optimization. We use an existing MIT reality dataset and Infocom 06 dataset, which are human associated mobile network trace files, to simulate our method. The results of our simulations show that this method can make data anonymously while achieving network optimization.
Suboptimal implementation of diagnostic algorithms and overuse of computed tomography-pulmonary angiography in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism

Background: Majority of our computed tomography-pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans report negative findings. We hypothesized that suboptimal reliance on diagnostic algorithms contributes to apparent overuse of this test. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 2031 CTPA cases in a large hospital system. Investigators retrospectively calculated pretest probability (PTP). Use of CTPA was considered as inappropriate when it was ordered for patients with low PTP without checking D-dimer (DD) or following negative DD. Results: Among the 2031 cases, pulmonary embolism (PE) was found in 7.4% (151 cases). About 1784 patients (88%) were considered “PE unlikely” based on Wells score. Out of those patients, 1084 cases (61%) did not have DD test prior to CTPA. In addition, 78 patients with negative DD underwent unnecessary CTPA; none of them had PE. Conclusions: The suboptimal implementation of PTP assessment tools can result in the overuse of CTPA, contributing to ineffective utilization of hospital resources, increased cost, and potential harm to patients.
RIONA: A New Classification System Combining Rule Induction and Instance-Based Learning

The article describes a method combining two widely-used empirical approaches to learning from examples: rule induction and instance-based learning. In our algorithm (RIONA) decision is predicted not on the basis of the whole support set of all rules matching a test case, but the support set restricted to a neighbourhood of a test case. The size of the optimal neighbourhood is automatically induced during the learning phase. The empirical study shows the interesting fact that it is enough to consider a small neighbourhood to achieve classification accuracy comparable to an algorithm considering the whole learning set. The combination of k-NN and a rule-based algorithm results in a significant acceleration of the algorithm using all minimal rules. Moreover, the presented classifier has high accuracy for both kinds of domains: more suitable for k-NN classifiers and more suitable for rule based classifiers.