Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flashover along cylindrical insulating surfaces under positive lightning impulse voltages

Results are presented concerning discharge development and breakdown along cylindrical insulating surfaces in a 12 cm long rod-plane gap under positive standard lightning impulse voltages. Cylindrical insulator specimens, made of silicone rubber and glazed porcelain, could be inserted parallel to the rod electrode, bridging the gap; the case of air alone was regarded as reference. Discharge development patterns were obtained by oscillographic monitoring of the electric field strength at the earthed plane. An insulating surface, depending on material permittivity, may inhibit the development of the initial corona streamers but favour breakdown.
Fraud and Innovation: Is There a Cheater's Discount?

Fraudsters seem to possess many of the traits that are associated with innovators: they disrespect the established ways of doing things; they think outside the box to create their own ways of obtaining what they want; and in the process, they embrace the risks of failure and of social sanctions. Nonetheless, there are also good reasons to expect fraudulent firms to be less innovative than their nonfraudulent peers, as cheating buffers firms from external pressures and thus fosters managerial complacency. In this paper, we develop a theory that links resource acquisition with resource allocation. We argue that resources obtained through fraudulent means are less likely to be allocated to productive activities such as technological innovation. To test our theoretical predictions, we built a longitudinal dataset tracking the patenting behavior of 467 Chinese hi-tech firms applying for state grants promoting technological innovation. Because relying on a public-control agent for fraud identification would int.
Ectopie Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Induces Hormone Independence in ZR-751 Human Breast Cancer Cells 1

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is inversely related to ex pression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor in primary breast tumors and is a negative predictor for response to endocrine therapy. To investigate a possible causal role of EGF receptor expres sion in breast cancer progression to hormone independence, we have created an experimental cell system. Epidermal growth factor receptor complementary DNA was introduced in estrogen-dependent ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells, and the resulting ZR/HERc cells exhibited a mitogenie response to epidermal growth factor, thus bypassing estrogen dependence. This EGF-induced proliferation could not be inhibited by antiestrogens. In addition, we noted changes in cell morphology and keratin expression of EGF-stimulated ZR/HERc cells, suggestive of an altered differentiation state. Furthermore, intolerance of functional ER and EGF receptor signal transduction pathways in ZR/HERc cells was observed during simultaneous activation, which possibly explains the inverse relationship of ER and EGF receptor expression in primary tumors. In contrast to the parental cells, ZR/HERc cells rapidly pro gressed to a stable ER-negative phenotype when cultured in the pres ence of the antiestrogen hydroxy-tamoxifen. These results suggest a possible role for EGF receptor in progression of breast cancer to hor mone independence.
International Business Cycles: Theory and Evidence

We review recent work comparing properties of international business cycles with those of dynamic general equilibrium models, emphasizing two discrepancies between theory and data that we refer to as anomalies. The first is the consumption/output/productivity anomaly: in the data we generally find that the correlation across countries of output fluctuations is larger than the analogous consumption and productivity correlations. In theoretical economies we find, for a wide range of parameter values, that the consumption correlation exceeds the productivity and output correlations. The second anomaly concerns relative price movements: the standard deviation of the terms of trade is considerably larger in the data than it is in theoretical economies. We speculate on changes in theoretical structure that might bring theory and data closer together.
Positive End-expiratory Pressure Titration after Alveolar Recruitment Directed by Electrical Impedance Tomography

Background:Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a real-time bedside monitoring tool, which can reflect dynamic regional lung ventilation. The aim of the present study was to monitor regional gas distribution in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration using EIT. Methods:Eighteen ARDS patients under mechanical ventilation in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January to April in 2014 were included in this prospective observational study. After recruitment maneuvers (RMs), decremental PEEP titration was performed from 20 cmH2O to 5 cmH2O in steps of 3 cmH2O every 5–10 min. Regional over-distension and recruitment were monitored with EIT. Results:After RMs, patient with arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) + carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) >400 mmHg with 100% of fractional inspired oxygen concentration were defined as RM responders. Thirteen ARDS patients was diagnosed as responders whose PaO2 + PaCO2 were higher than nonresponders (419 ± 44 mmHg vs. 170 ± 73 mmHg, P < 0.0001). In responders, PEEP mainly increased recruited pixels in dependent regions and over-distended pixels in nondependent regions. PEEP alleviated global inhomogeneity of tidal volume and end-expiratory lung volume. PEEP levels without significant alveolar derecruitment and over-distension were identified individually. Conclusions:After RMs, PEEP titration significantly affected regional gas distribution in lung, which could be monitored with EIT. EIT has the potential to optimize PEEP titration.
Personal Retirement Saving Programs and Asset Accumulation: Reconciling the Evidence

Over the past several years, we have undertaken a series of analysies of the effect of IRA and 401(k) contributions on net personal saving. Saver hetero- geneity is the key impediment to determining the saving effect of these plans We emphasize that no single method can provide sure control for all forms of heterogeneity. Taken together, however, we believe that the analyses address the key complications presented by heterogeneity. In our view, the weight of the evidence, based on the many non-parametric approaches discussed here provides strong support for the view that contributions to IRA and 401(k) represent largely new saving. Some of the evidence is directed to the IRA program, some to the 401(k) plan, and some to both plans. Several other investigators have used different methods to consider the effect of these retirement saving programs on personal saving and in some cases have reached very different conclusions from ours. Thus we have devoted particular effort to trying to reconcile the results, explaining why different approaches, sometimes based on the same data, have led to different conclusions. In some instances, we believe the limitations of the methods used by others have undermined the reliability of the results. Particular attention is devoted to a recent paper by Gale and Scholz [1994] that is widely cited as demonstrating that IRAs have no saving effect. Based on our analysis of the data used by Gale and Scholz, we find that their conclusions are inconsistent with the raw data and their formal model does not provide reliable information on the extent of substitution.
Transaction d ’ expertise dans le management de cas d ’ urgence Completed Research Paper

In this paper we extend transactive memory systems (TMS) theory to develop an understanding of the distributed coordination of expertise in high-reliability organizations. We illustrate our conceptual developments in a study of emergency management and response in Greece. We focus on the interaction between operators/dispatchers, ambulance crew, and specialist doctors, including the information and communication technologies (ICT) they use to respond to emergency incidents. Our case contributes to an in-depth understanding of the ways in which high-reliability organizations can sustain a distributed coordination of expertise over the duration of emergency incidents. This is achieved through the cultivation of TMS during a socialization and training period, the dynamic development of trust in emergent actions, and a commitment to shared protocols, which allow for improvisation and bricolage during unexpected incidents. Our findings also explore the role of ICTs in inscribing TMS in computerized protocols, while mediating the development of trust across the team, as well as mediating the construction of running narratives, which enable leaders to coordinate expertise in unexpected incidents.
Fold recognition using predicted secondary structure sequences and hidden Markov models of protein folds

We present an analysis of the blind predictions submitted to the fold recognition category for the second meeting on the Critical Assessment of techniques for protein Structure Prediction. Our method achieves fold recognition from predicted secondary structure sequences using hidden Markov models (HMMs) of protein folds. HMMs are trained only with experimentally derived secondary structure sequences of proteins having similar fold, therefore protein structures are described by the models at a remarkably simplified level. We submitted predictions for five target sequences, of which four were later found to be suitable for threading. Our approach correctly predicted the fold for three of them. For a fourth sequence the fold could have been correctly predicted if a better model for its structure was available. We conclude that we have additional evidence that secondary structure information represents an important factor for achieving fold recognition. Proteins, Suppl. 1:123–128, 1997. Published 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Analysis and Models for Small-World Graphs ⁄

We study variants of Kleinberg’s small-world model where we start with a k-dimensional grid and add a random directed edge from each node. The probability u 0 s random edge is to v is proportional to d(u;v) ir where d(u;v) is the lattice distance and r is a parameter of the model. For a k-dimensional grid, we show that these graphs have poly-log expected diameter when k 2k. This shows an interesting phase-transition between small-world and “large-world” graphs. We also present a general framework to construct classes of small-world graphs with £(logn) expected diameter, which includes several existing settings such as Kleinberg’s grid-based and tree-based settings [15]. We also generalize the idea of ‘adding links with probability / the inverse distance’ to design small-world graphs. We use semi-metric and metric functions to abstract distance to create a class of random graphs where almost all pairs of nodes are connected by a path of length O(logn), and using only local information we can find paths of poly-log length.
2016 Ieee International Conference on Big Data (big Data) in Pursuit of Outliers in Multi-dimensional Data Streams

—Among many Big Data applications are those that deal with data streams. A data stream is a sequence of data points with timestamps that possesses the properties of transiency, infiniteness, uncertainty, concept drift, and multi-dimensionality. In this paper we propose an outlier detection technique called Orion that addresses all the characteristics of data streams. Orion looks for a projected dimension of multi-dimensional data points with the help of an evolutionary algorithm, and identifies a data point as an outlier if it resides in a low-density region in that dimension. Experiments comparing Orion with existing techniques using both real and synthetic datasets show that Orion achieves an average of 7X the precision, 5X the recall, and a competitive execution time compared to existing techniques. I. INTRODUCTION An outlier is a data point that has a drastically different value compared to other data points in the dataset [1]. Out-liers are inevitable in any data acquisition process because of human error, instrument error, catastrophe, malicious behavior, etc [1]. Outliers could reveal novel information compared to the rest of the data points. There are many Big Data applications that involve outlier detection for data streams, such as detecting faults in an aircraft sensor from streams of altitude readings [2], detecting erroneous sensor readings in environmental monitoring [3], and detecting network intrusions from streams of network packets [4]. In all these applications, data points are continuously monitored. It is important to identify outliers and learn about them, but outlier detection is not a trivial problem. When dealing with data streams, this problem becomes more complex due to their special characteristics. A data stream is an infinite sequence of data points {D t | t ≥ 0} with explicit or implicit timestamps [5]. Many data stream applications involve monitoring, so that a particular data point is interesting only for a specific amount of time [6]; consequently, data points are transient in data streams [5]. Therefore, every data point has to be processed in time [7]. The store and process paradigm is not appropriate for data streams [6]; rather, everything has to be processed online and incrementally. Another facet of infinitely long monitoring is concept drift [8], where the underlying data generation process may change over time and yield different data distributions in time; hence, an
Multisexual Citizenship and Human Rights Questioning the Space of Citizenship for LGBTI Persons beyond Liberty and Equality

The emergence of the human rights of individuals defined as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersexual (LGBTI) has caused a questioning of the reliability of a system of protection of human rights resting on heteronormativity and the enforcement of a strict male-female dichotomy. It has also pushed scholars to ask who is the contemporary subject of human rights. This thesis builds on the acknowledgement of this tension in order to investigate, in the context of the Council of Europe, the process by which LGBTI individuals are created as subjects of human rights. It is argued that law and politics play a concerted productive role in constituting the subjects that they wish to protect, thus promoting adherence to rigid identity categories in order to become intelligible before the law. This endeavour will be carried out by analysing both outstanding case law from the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) concerning sexual orientation and gender identity, as well as using ethnographic observation carried out at the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe in 2010. The thesis analyses the process by which the subject of human rights is produced and granted legal intelligibility in Strasbourg. Simultaneously, it also explores viable alternatives to the categorisation of individuals in terms of sexual orientation and/or gender identities in the socio-juridical field. In this regard, citizenship represents the privileged domain of inquiry, where identities are articulated, rights are allocated and exclusionary practices are enacted. The concept of “multisexual citizenship” serves to explore models of citizenship that can transcend national borders, also encompassing multiple forms of identification and socio-political and cultural allegiances. As a result of this process of transformation of citizenship, an inevitable and radical metamorphosis of human rights is also anticipated, beyond the current narrow framework of formal equality and freedom.
Novel Dicarboxylate Selectivity in an Insect Glutamate Transporter Homolog

Mammals express seven transporters from the SLC1 (solute carrier 1) gene family, including five acidic amino acid transporters (EAAT1–5) and two neutral amino acid transporters (ASCT1–2). In contrast, insects of the order Diptera possess only two SLC1 genes. In this work we show that in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, a carrier of West Nile virus, one of its two SLC1 EAAT-like genes encodes a transporter that displays an unusual selectivity for dicarboxylic acids over acidic amino acids. In eukaryotes, dicarboxylic acid uptake has been previously thought to be mediated exclusively by transporters outside the SLC1 family. The dicarboxylate selectivity was found to be associated with two residues in transmembrane domain 8, near the presumed substrate binding site. These residues appear to be conserved in all eukaryotic SLC1 transporters (Asp444 and Thr448, human EAAT3 numbering) with the exception of this novel C. quinquefasciatus transporter and an ortholog from the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, in which they are changed to Asn and Ala. In the prokaryotic EAAT-like SLC1 transporter DctA, a dicarboxylate transporter which was lost in the lineage leading to eukaryotes, the corresponding TMD8 residues are Ser and Ala. Functional analysis of engineered mutant mosquito and human transporters expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes provide support for a model defining interactions of charged and polar transporter residues in TMD8 with α-amino acids and ions. Together with the phylogenetic evidence, the functional data suggest that a novel route of dicarboxylic acid uptake evolved in these mosquitos by mutations in an ancestral glutamate transporter gene.
Luminance and chromatic signals interact differently with melanopsin activation to control the pupil light response

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) express the photopigment melanopsin. These cells receive afferent inputs from rods and cones, which provide inputs to the postreceptoral visual pathways. It is unknown, however, how melanopsin activation is integrated with postreceptoral signals to control the pupillary light reflex. This study reports human flicker pupillary responses measured using stimuli generated with a five-primary photostimulator that selectively modulated melanopsin, rod, S-, M-, and L-cone excitations in isolation, or in combination to produce postreceptoral signals. We first analyzed the light adaptation behavior of melanopsin activation and rod and cones signals. Second, we determined how melanopsin is integrated with postreceptoral signals by testing with cone luminance, chromatic blue-yellow, and chromatic red-green stimuli that were processed by magnocellular (MC), koniocellular (KC), and parvocellular (PC) pathways, respectively. A combined rod and melanopsin response was also measured. The relative phase of the postreceptoral signals was varied with respect to the melanopsin phase. The results showed that light adaptation behavior for all conditions was weaker than typical Weber adaptation. Melanopsin activation combined linearly with luminance, S-cone, and rod inputs, suggesting the locus of integration with MC and KC signals was retinal. The melanopsin contribution to phasic pupil responses was lower than luminance contributions, but much higher than S-cone contributions. Chromatic red-green modulation interacted with melanopsin activation nonlinearly as described by a “winner-takes-all” process, suggesting the integration with PC signals might be mediated by a postretinal site.
Technology Adoption, Export Status, and Skill Upgrading: Theory and Evidence

This paper develops a model of trade that features heterogeneous firms, technology choice and different types of skilled labor in a general equilibrium framework to explain within-industry increase in the relative demand for skilled workers. Its main contribution is to investigate the impact of firms' export and technology choice decisions on skill upgrading. Only firms in the upper range of the productivity distribution produce for the foreign market using high-technology. Since this technology is skilled-biased, exporters that resort to modern technologies are more skill intensive. Empirical evidence is also provided to support the model's main predictions using plant-level panel data from Chile's manufacturing sector (1990–1999).
Characterization of Microbiota in Children with Chronic Functional Constipation

Objectives Disruption of the intestinal microbiota is considered an etiological factor in pediatric functional constipation. Scientifically based selection of potential beneficial probiotic strains in functional constipation therapy is not feasible due to insufficient knowledge of microbiota composition in affected subjects. The aim of this study was to describe microbial composition and diversity in children with functional constipation, compared to healthy controls. Study Design Fecal samples from 76 children diagnosed with functional constipation according to the Rome III criteria (median age 8.0 years; range 4.2–17.8) were analyzed by IS-pro, a PCR-based microbiota profiling method. Outcome was compared with intestinal microbiota profiles of 61 healthy children (median 8.6 years; range 4.1–17.9). Microbiota dissimilarity was depicted by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), diversity was calculated by Shannon diversity index. To determine the most discriminative species, cross validated logistic ridge regression was performed. Results Applying total microbiota profiles (all phyla together) or per phylum analysis, no disease-specific separation was observed by PCoA and by calculation of diversity indices. By ridge regression, however, functional constipation and controls could be discriminated with 82% accuracy. Most discriminative species were Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum, Parabacteroides species (increased in functional constipation) and Alistipes finegoldii (decreased in functional constipation). Conclusions None of the commonly used unsupervised statistical methods allowed for microbiota-based discrimination of children with functional constipation and controls. By ridge regression, however, both groups could be discriminated with 82% accuracy. Optimization of microbiota-based interventions in constipated children warrants further characterization of microbial signatures linked to clinical subgroups of functional constipation.
Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector

This article claims that there is a need for a new form of innovation in the public sector because bureaucratic (closed) ways of innovating do not yield the quantity and quality of innovations necessary to solve emergent and persistent policy challenges. Based on these shortcomings the article defines a set of criteria, which a suitable form of public sector innovation needs to fulfill. The article shows that collaborative innovation meets these criteria because it opens the innovation cycle to a variety of actors and taps into innovation resources across borders, overcomes cultural restrictions and creates broad socio-political support for public sector innovation. The article highlights risks and issues associated with collaborative innovation and that the concept should not be discarded on these grounds since there is no suitable alternative to tackle emergent and persistent challenges. Finally, the article suggests capacities, which government needs to develop to successfully implement collaborative innovation. However as research on innovation in the public sector is rather thin the article suggests a map for further research to substantiate the role of collaborative innovation in the public sector.