Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Basis and the Structure of the Tertiary Socialization Field and the “Youth-Affairs” as an Autonomous Area

Abstract Many models have been made during the study of the chronology and areas of the socialization process and thus the extrafamilial and extracurricular platforms have often been in focus. Many theories have been created about the periods preceding adulthood, i.e. youth. Now, on the borderline of the two areas a new profession is in the making, targeting youth in an extrafamilial and extracurricular context. This new area deserves thorough analysis with a focus on theoretical background since models of leisure environments outside the family and school are now on the same footing with youth education and socialization. The current study deals with leisure environment and youth. It reviews theories of socialization environments and venues, provides a grouping of them and introduces a new theory that best fits into the conceptual apparatus of the youth area and serves as a solid foundation for it. In addition, scientific and international agreements pertaining to the periods of youth will be looked at, and an attempt will be made to create a break-down by age group that is best adaptable to the extrafamilial and curricular environment. It must be stressed that the present study does not deal with the repertory of socialization themes, such as gender socialization, moral socialization, political socialization and others, but merely those environments where these take place.
Discourses of Exclusion: Immigrant-Origin Youth Responses to Immigration Debates in an Election Year

ABSTRACT Political discourse on immigration policy often provides a window into a society’s boundaries of inclusion and exclusion. Here, we seek to understand how those in liminal positions respond to political debates that raise issues of boundary maintenance. Drawing from Bakhtinian concepts of authoritative and internally persuasive discourses as well as Gramsci’s concept of common sense, we analyzed how a superdiverse sample of 26 immigrant-origin adolescents (from Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Europe) responded to video segments of presidential debates from the 2012 U.S. election. Youth’s responses to presidential video clips about undocumented immigration policies fell along a spectrum from inclusionary to exclusionary, with many voicing mixed responses to immigration policies. Half of the youth referenced their own family’s migration experience when discussing immigration policy, most frequently in empathetic ways; however, this did not preclude them from aligning with discourses of exclusion. The theme of fairness was prevalent in their responses, yet it emerged in distinct ways. This work highlights the need to interrogate common-sense discourses of exclusion.
Properties of Sparse Distributed Representations and their Application to Hierarchical Temporal Memory

Empirical evidence demonstrates that every region of the neocortex represents information using sparse activity patterns. This paper examines Sparse Distributed Representations (SDRs), the primary information representation strategy in Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) systems and the neocortex. We derive a number of properties that are core to scaling, robustness, and generalization. We use the theory to provide practical guidelines and illustrate the power of SDRs as the basis of HTM. Our goal is to help create a unified mathematical and practical framework for SDRs as it relates to cortical function.
Evaluation of a thermotolerant xylanase on broiler growth performance and dietary ileal digestible energy value

&NA; Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of a thermotolerant xylanase on male broiler performance and dietary ileal digestible energy (IDE). The first experiment consisted of 3 treatment groups with 12 replications per treatment each containing 35 Cobb 500 males for a total of 1,260 broilers placed in floor pens for a 42 d grow‐out. The experiment treatments included a corn/soy diet with DDGS control formulated at a low energy level, and the control supplemented with one of 2 concentrations of xylanase (20,000 XU/kg [XYL20] and 40,000 XU/kg [XYL40]). No significant differences in body weight were observed with the inclusion of xylanase when compared to the control diet throughout the experiment. At d 28, the inclusion of XYL20 improved (P < 0.05) mortality corrected feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control diet. Feed conversion ratio was also improved (P < 0.01) at d 42 for birds fed XYL20 when compared to the control. At d 42, inclusion of XYL20 and XYL40 significantly (P < 0.05) increased IDE compared to the control. Experiment 2 consisted of 4 treatment groups with 10 replications per treatment each containing 44 Cobb 500 males for a total of 1,760 broilers placed in floor pens for a 41 d grow‐out. The dietary treatments included a positive control (PC) based on a corn/soy diet containing DDGS and phytase, a negative control (NC) diet (PC ‐150 kcal/kg in AME), NC + xylanase at 10,000 XU/kg (XYL10), and NC + xylanase at 20,000 XU/kg (XYL20). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in BW was observed in broilers fed the inclusion of XYL20 in the NC diet increased (P < 0.05) on d 14. A significant increase in cumulative body weight gain was observed on d 27 and d 41 with xylanase (XYL20) inclusion compared to the NC. These data demonstrate that xylanase inclusion increased energy utilization through improvements in IDE, which improved broiler performance.
Approximate Jacobian feedback control of robots with kinematic uncertainty and its application to visual servoing

Most researches so far on robot control have assumed that the exact kinematics and Jacobian matrix of the manipulator from joint space to Cartesian space are known. Unfortunately, no physical parameters could be derived exactly. In addition, the robot is required to interact with its environment and hence the overall parameters would change according to different tasks. In the paper, simple feedback control laws are proposed for setpoint control of robots with uncertain kinematics and dynamics. We show that the end-effector's position converges to a desired position in a finite task space even when the kinematics is uncertain.
Item Format Influence on the Results of the Item

This article examines the influence of the item format on the responses (results) to the item. The effect of the item-stem format and the item-answer format on the p-value and omitting the item without solving it is under consideration. Previous research on the constructs of the item-stem format and the item-answer format indicates that more research appears to be necessary. The article focuses on the answers of mathematic tests completed by 806 grade 8 students (from 143 schools) in Lithuania. The analysis showed that Lithuanian grade 8 students were significantly better at solving multiple-choice answer format items than open-ended answer format items. They also were less likely to omit multiple-choice than openended items. No difference was found in these regards between genders. The analysis also showed that the distractors given in multiple-choice answer format items influenced students’ choice of answer. Presented with exactly the same items, but without answers much fewer students give the answers provided in the distractors. In general, the wording of the item-stem did affect the answers to (results of) the item. The hypothesis that formulating the item-stems in a more common style (the style more often met in textbooks) would help students solving the items better was discounted.
Lack of Antilipoprotein Lipase Antibodies in Takayasu's Arteritis

Background. Antilipoprotein lipase (anti-LPL) antibodies were described in rheumatic diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus they were highly associated with inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia, and may ultimately contribute to vascular damage. The relevance of this association in Takayasu's arteritis, which is characterized by major inflammatory process affecting vessels, has not been determined. Objectives. To analyze the presence of anti-LPL antibodies in patients with Takayasu's arteritis and its association with inflammatory markers and lipoprotein risk levels. Methods. Thirty sera from patients with Takayasu's arteritis, according to ACR criteria, were consecutively included. IgG anti-LPL was detected by a standard ELISA. Lipoprotein risk levels were evaluated according to NCEP/ATPIII. Inflammatory markers included ESR and CRP values. Results. Takayasu's arteritis patients had a mean age of 34 years old and all were females. Half of the patients presented high ESR and 60% elevated CRP. Lipoprotein NCEP risk levels were observed in approximately half of the patients: 53% for total cholesterol, 43% for triglycerides, 16% for HDL-c and 47% for LDL-c. In spite of the high frequency of dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in these patients no anti-LPL were detected. Conclusions. The lack of anti-LPL antibodies in Takayasu's disease implies distinct mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia compared to systemic lupus erythematosus.
IMPACT OF ACADEMIC MOTIVATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A STUDY ON HIGH SCHOOLS STUDENTS

In the present day world, it has been observed that there is an increase in lack of motivation among the students towards their academics especially when they reach high school because at this stage their attention is diverted and divided among many things like peer group, heterogeneous relations, fashion and incessant entertainment and this hampers their academic performance. So, the present paper is an attempt to find out the relationship between Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement of Class IX students of Assam, India. Tool used for the study is Academic Achievement Motivation Test by T.R. Sharma and for the academic achievement the final year examination results were taken. The findings of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement. There is a significant difference in Academic Motivation between high and low achievers. But there is a significant sex difference within low achievers with respect to academic motivation. Article visualizations:
Tracing the spirals of unsettlement: Euro-Canadian narratives of coming to grips with Indigenous sovereignty, title, and rights

ABSTRACT In settler nations, pervasive national narratives combine with colonizing spatial technologies to constitute a dominant cultural pedagogy: a settler pedagogy that shores up historical-spatial imaginaries serving to rationalize, justify, and ultimately reproduce the on-going displacement of Indigenous peoples. This paper explores processes by which these entrenched imaginaries become unsettled for white settler subjects, through a narrative analysis of the stories 22 Euro-Canadian solidarity activists tell of coming to grips with their implication, privilege, and responsibilities in light of colonizing history and Indigenous sovereignty and territory. The paper traces the experiences, contexts, and critical turning points that prompt these actors to (re)imagine identity, history, land, nation, and home, sparking among them specific and at times competing cycles of reflection, action, and commitment. In elucidating these cycles of learning and unsettlement, and in noting their contradictions, interruptions, and (un)marked whiteness, this inquiry contributes to current conversations regarding the processes by which differently positioned settlers might enter pathways of personal and structural decolonization.
The Brauer group of analytic K3 surfaces

We show that for complex analytic K3 surfaces any torsion class in H2(X,O∗ X) comes from an Azumaya algebra. In other words, the Brauer group equals the cohomological Brauer group. For algebraic surfaces, such results go back to Grothendieck. In our situation, we use twistor spaces to deform a given analytic K3 surface to suitable projective K3 surfaces, and then stable bundles and hyperholomorphy conditions to pass back and forth between the members of the twistor family. In analogy to the isomorphism Pic(X) ∼= H1(X,O∗ X), Grothendieck investigated in [8] the possibility of interpreting classes in H2(X,O∗ X) as geometric objects. He observed that the Brauer group Br(X), parameterizing equivalence classes of sheaves of Azumaya algebras on X, naturally injects into H2(X,O∗ X). It is not difficult to see that Br(X) ⊂ H2(X,O∗ X) is contained in the torsion part of H2(X,O∗ X) and Grothendieck asked: Is the natural injection Br(X ) ⊂ H (X ,O∗ X )tor an isomorphism? This question is of interest in various geometric categories, e.g. X might be a scheme, a complex space, a complex manifold, etc. It is also related to more recent developments in the application of complex algebraic geometry to conformal field theory. Certain elements in H2(X,O∗ X) have been interpreted as so-called B-fields, and those are used to construct super conformal field theories associated to Ricci-flat manifolds. Thus, understanding the geometric meaning of the cohomological Brauer group Br′(X) := H2(X,O∗ X)tor is also of interest for the mathematical interpretation of string theory and mirror symmetry. An affirmative answer to Grothendieck’s question has been given only in very few special cases: • If X is a complex curve, then H2(X,O∗ X) = 0. Hence, Br(X) = Br ′(X) = H2(X,O∗ X) = 0 (see [8, Cor.2.2] for the general case of a curve). • For smooth algebraic surfaces the surjectivity has been proved by Grothendieck [8, Cor.2. 2] and for normal algebraic surfaces a proof was given more recently by Schroer [14]. • Hoobler [9] and Berkovich [3] gave an affirmative answer for abelian varieties of any dimension and Elencwajg and Narasimhan gave another proof for complex tori [6].
Role of Clinical Presentations and Routine CSF Analysis in the Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Cases of Negative Gram Stained Smears

Background and Aim. Bacterial meningitis is a lethal, disabling endemic disease needing prompt antibiotic management. Gram stained smears is rapid accurate method for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. In cases of negative gram stained smears diagnosis is delayed till culture results. We aim to assess the role of clinical presentations and routine CSF analysis in the cost-effective rapid diagnosis of negative gram stained smears bacterial meningitis. Methods. Cross sectional study including 623 acute meningitis patients divided into two groups: bacterial meningitis and nonbacterial meningitis groups. The clinical presentations, systemic inflammatory parameters, and CSF analysis were evaluated and compared in both groups. Results. Altered conscious level, localizing neurological signs, Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs together with peripheral leucocytosis (>10.000/mm3), high CRP (>6) together with high CSF protein (>50 gl/dL), CSF neutrophilic count (≥50% of total CSF leucocytic count), and low CSF glucose level (<45 gm/dL) and CSF/serum glucose ≤0.6 were significantly diagnostic in bacterial meningitis patients. From the significant CSF analysis variables CSF protein carried the higher accuracy of diagnosis 78% with sensitivity 88% and specificity 72%. Conclusions. High CSF protein (>50 mg/dL) together with plasma inflammatory markers and CSF cytochemical parameters can diagnose bacterial meningitis in gram stain negative smear till culture results.
A maximum entropy-based sentence simplifier for machine translation

We present a method for removing unnecessary words from sentences to expedite automatic machine translation. Our hypothesis is that the resulting simplified sentences are easier to automatically translate, giving improved translation performance. We evaluate the sentence simplifier in two ways. Firstly the system is tested directly against humans in the word deletion task. The output of our system is evaluated against a set of reference sentences and its performance compared to a test set of human-shortened sentences. We show the system is able to perform at close to human performance on this task. Secondly we evaluate the system when used as a preprocessor to two different machine translation systems. We show that we are able to significantly improve the performance of a machine translation (MT) system based on the publicly available GIZA++ software by pre-processing the input, and make a small improvement to the performance of the more capable ATR translation system.
Master Worker Scheduler Namenode Site-1 Site-2 Site-3 Site-4 WAN Heterogeneous Tunnel bundles

Recent work has made the case for geo-distributed analytics, where data collected and stored at multiple datacenters and edge sites world-wide is analyzed in situ to drive operational and management decisions. A key issue in such systems is ensuring low response times for analytics queries issued against geo-distributed data. A central determinant of response time is the query execution plan (QEP). Current query optimizers do not consider the network when deriving QEPs, which is a key drawback as the geo-distributed sites are connected via WAN links with heterogeneous and modest bandwidths, unlike intra-datacenter networks. We propose CLARINET, a novel WAN-aware query optimizer. Deriving a WAN-aware QEP requires working jointly with the execution layer of analytics frameworks that places tasks to sites and performs scheduling. We design efficient heuristic solutions in CLARINET to make such a joint decision on the QEP. Our experiments with a real prototype deployed across EC2 datacenters, and large-scale simulations using production workloads show that CLARINET improves query response times by ≥ 50% compared to state-of-the-art WAN-aware task placement and scheduling.
Maximum Entropy Discrimination Denoising Autoencoders

Denoising autoencoders (DAs) are typically applied to relatively large datasets for unsupervised learning of representative data encodings, they rely on the idea of making the learned representations robust to partial corruption of the input pattern, and perform learning using stochastic gradient descent with relatively large datasets. In this paper, we present a fully Bayesian DA architecture that allows for the application of DAs even when data is scarce. Our novel approach formulates the signal encoding problem under a nonparametric Bayesian regard, considering a Gaussian process prior over the latent input encodings generated given the (corrupt) input observations. Subsequently, the decoder modules of our model are formulated as large-margin regression models, treated under the Bayesian inference paradigm, by exploiting the maximum entropy discrimination (MED) framework. We exhibit the effectiveness of our approach using several datasets, dealing with both classification and transfer learning applications.
Counter-Example Guided Fence Insertion under Weak Memory Models

We give a sound and complete procedure for fence insertion for concurrent finite-state programs running under the classical TSO memory model. This model allows “write to read” relaxation corresponding to the addition of an unbounded store buffer between each processor and the main memory. We introduce a novel machine model, called the Single-Buffer (SB) semantics, and show that the reachability problem for a program under TSO can be reduced to the reachability problem under SB. We present a simple and effective backward reachability analysis algorithm for the latter, and propose a counter-example guided fence insertion procedure. The procedure is augmented by a placement constraint, that allows the user to choose the places inside the program where fences may be inserted. For a given placement constraint, the method infers automatically all minimal sets of fences that ensure correctness of the program. We have implemented a prototype and run it successfully on all standard benchmarks, together with several challenging examples that are beyond the applicability of existing methods.
Barriers and Facilitators to Adoption of a Web-based Antibiotic Decision Support System

Objective: To measure clinicians’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to the adoption of a Computerised Decision Support System (CDSS) for antibiotic approval, and to examine the correlation between these perceptions and actual usage of the system by clinicians. Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care university hospital of Melbourne, Australia. A survey tool comprising of demographic items and newly developed scales to measure clinicians’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to use of an CDSS was developed. Cross-sectional mail surveys were sent to 250 Junior and Senior Medical Staff and Pharmacists in a tertiary care hospital. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the reliability of the perceptions scales. One way ANOVA was used to assess the differences between participants’ responses; Tamhane’s test was used for post-hoc analysis. Pearson correlations were used to measure the relationship between the participants’ scores on the scales and their actual use of the CDSS under study. Results: The overall survey response rate was 54%. Cronbach’s alpha for the perceived barrier and facilitator scales were 0.80 and 0.88, respectively. Senior medical staff perceived significantly more barriers than junior medical staff and pharmacists. Statistically significant differences were observed between the scores of the participants on a number of items on the perceived barriers and facilitators scales. Negative correlations were observed between the participants’ scores on the perceived barriers scale and their use of the system. (r= -0.415, p= 0.001). Conclusions: The scales to measure perceived barriers and facilitators to adopt antibiotic CDSS have shown acceptable reliability and validity measures. Important differences exist between senior and junior medical staff about the barriers and facilitators to adopting the CDSS which may influence future use by clinicians.
The Effect of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) on Different Aspects of Memory:A Selective Review

Deficient learning and memory are frequently reported as a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because of the diffuse nature of the injury, patients with TBI are not the ideal group for studying brain-behavior relations. Nevertheless, characterization of the memory breakdown following TBI could contribute to the assessment and rehabilitation of this patient population. It is well documented that memory is not a unitary system. Accordingly, in this article I review studies that have investigated the long-term effect of moderate to severe TBI on different memory aspects, including explicit and implicit tests of memory. This review demonstrates that TBI affects a large range of memory aspects. One of the conclusions is that the memory impairment observed in TBI patients could be viewed, at least to some degree, as a consequence of a more general cognitive deficit. Thus, unlike patients suffering from global amnesia, memory in patients with TBI is not selectively impaired. Nevertheless, it is possible to detect a subgroup of patients that do meet the criteria of amnesia. However, the most common vulnerable memory processes following TBI very much resemble the memory deficits reported in patients following frontal lobe damage, e.g., difficulties in applying active or effortful strategy in the learning or retrieval process. The suggested similarity between patients with TBI and those suffering from frontal lobe injury should be viewed cautiously; considering the nature of TBI, patients suffering from such injuries are not a homogeneous group. In view of this limitation, the future challenge in this field will be to identify subgroups of patients, either a priori according to a range of factors such as severity of injury, or a posteriori based on their specific memory deficit characteristics. Such a research approach has the potential of explaining much of the variability in findings reported in the literature on the effect of TBI on memory. This work was supported by the Paula Rich Multidisciplinary Center in Mind, Brain and Behavior, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. The author thanks Mr. Judah Koller for his help with the preparation of the tables.