Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in women who underwent oophorectomy before menopause

Objective: There is increasing laboratory evidence for a neuroprotective effect of estrogen; however, the clinical and epidemiologic evidence remains limited and conflicting. We studied the association of oophorectomy performed before the onset of menopause with the risk of subsequent cognitive impairment or dementia. Methods: We included all women who underwent unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy before the onset of menopause for a non-cancer indication while residing in Olmsted County, MN, from 1950 through 1987. Each member of the oophorectomy cohort was matched by age to a referent woman from the same population who had not undergone oophorectomy. In total, we studied 813 women with unilateral oophorectomy, 676 women with bilateral oophorectomy, and 1,472 referent women. Women were followed through death or end of study using either direct or proxy interviews. Results: Women who underwent either unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy before the onset of menopause had an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia compared to referent women (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.90; adjusted for education, type of interview, and history of depression). The risk increased with younger age at oophorectomy (test for linear trend; adjusted p < 0.0001). These associations were similar regardless of the indication for the oophorectomy, and for women who underwent unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy considered separately. Conclusions: Both unilateral and bilateral oophorectomy preceding the onset of menopause are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. The effect is age-dependent and suggests a critical age window for neuroprotection.
Predicting Stock Market Returns and Volatility with Investor Sentiment: Evidence from Eight Developed Countries

We test the predictive ability of investor sentiment on the return and volatility at the aggregate market level in the U.S., four largest European countries and three Asia-Pacific countries. We find that in the U.S., France and Italy periods of high consumer confidence levels are followed by low market returns. In Japan both the level and the change in consumer confidence boost the market return in the next month. Further, shifts in sentiment significantly move conditional volatility in most of the countries, and in Italy such impacts lead to an increase in returns by 4.7% in the next month.
Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the relationship between sleep disorder and pain level, quality of life, and disability

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and to assess the relationship between sleep disorder and pain, quality of life, and disability. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy-four patients were included in the study and classified as having mild, moderate, or severe obstructive sleep apnea. Chronic widespread pain, quality of life, and disability were evaluated. [Results] Forty-one patients (55.4%) had chronic widespread pain. Female patients had a higher incidence of chronic pain, and female patients with chronic pain had higher body mass indexes, pain levels, and disability scores than did male patients. Physical component scores of female patients with chronic pain were lower than those of male patients. No correlation was observed between the degree of sleep disorder and severity of pain, pain duration, disability, or quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea patients with pain. [Conclusion] This study showed a 55.4% prevalence of chronic widespread pain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a greater risk of chronic pain in female than in male patients. Female patients with obstructive sleep apnea and chronic pain have higher pain and disability levels and a lower quality of life.
Improved cyberbullying detection using gender information

As a result of the invention of social networks, friendships, relationships and social communication are all undergoing changes and new definitions seem to be applicable. One may have hundreds of ‘friends’ without even seeing their faces. Meanwhile, alongside this transition there is increasing evidence that online social applications are used by children and adolescents for bullying. State-of-the-art studies in cyberbullying detection have mainly focused on the content of the conversations while largely ignoring the characteristics of the actors involved in cyberbullying. Social studies on cyberbullying reveal that the written language used by a harasser varies with the author’s features including gender. In this study we used a support vector machine model to train a gender-specific text classifier. We demonstrated that taking gender-specific language features into account improves the discrimination capacity of a classifier to detect cyberbullying.
Beyond altruism: trust, fairness and social inclusion in deceased organ donor registration

____________________________________________________________________________________________ This paper addresses the first of the thesis’s research questions, regarding the justification for a collective account of donation. Donation and transplant systems worldwide face the ongoing challenge of meeting the growing need for transplantable organs. While deceased donation is almost ubiquitously associated with altruism, this paper argues for a collective account of deceased donation and donor registration. Taking a “decision rules” approach, the paper examines how three alternate rules or norms (Meeker, 1971)—altruism, reciprocity and group gain—provide alternative explanations for deceased donor registration. Drawing on theories of social identity and resource exchange, the paper identifies the characteristics of donation and transplant systems that justify the framing of donor registration as group gain, and thus a collective behaviour. A collective conceptualisation suggests alternative motivations for and barriers to donor registration, that also account for the significance of trust and social inclusion in willingness to register. Such a framing shifts the locus of donor registration behaviour from individual traits and preferences to the social and institutional settings in which deceased donation and transplant systems operate. Thus, the paper argues for moving beyond a focus on improving individual attitudes as a means of increasing registration rates. Instead, efforts should be focused on issues of access to social institutions and fostering social inclusion within countries. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Point-Process Nonlinear Models With Laguerre and Volterra Expansions: Instantaneous Assessment of Heartbeat Dynamics

In the last decades, mathematical modeling and signal processing techniques have played an important role in the study of cardiovascular control physiology and heartbeat nonlinear dynamics. In particular, nonlinear models have been devised for the assessment of the cardiovascular system by accounting for short-memory second-order nonlinearities. In this paper, we introduce a novel inverse Gaussian point process model with Laguerre expansion of the nonlinear Volterra kernels. Within the model, the second-order nonlinearities also account for the long-term information given by the past events of the nonstationary non-Gaussian time series. In addition, the mathematical link to an equivalent cubic input-output Wiener-Volterra model allows for a novel instantaneous estimation of the dynamic spectrum, bispectrum and trispectrum of the considered inter-event intervals. The proposed framework is tested with synthetic simulations and two experimental heartbeat interval datasets. Applications on further heterogeneous datasets such as milling inserts, neural spikes, gait from short walks, and geyser geologic events are also reported. Results show that our model improves on previously developed models and, at the same time, it is able to provide a novel instantaneous characterization and tracking of the inherent nonlinearity of heartbeat dynamics.
‘Innovation is a dirty word’: contesting innovation in the creative industries

Abstract Innovation is a term that is used and defined in many different ways. This holds for innovation in general, but particularly for innovation in the creative industries. In cultural policy and in academic literature, the creative industries are often addressed in the relation to their innovative capacities, yet a shared conceptualisation of innovation in this sector is lacking. This paper seeks to develop a conceptualisation of innovation in the creative industries based on 43 interviews with creative workers about their views and practices. Results indicate that creative workers articulate numerous views on innovation, with three main approaches: innovation as something completely new, innovation as a contribution to society and innovation as a continuous recombination of new and existing elements, with the latter being most prevalent in the creative industries and considered a central (by-product of the) process of creative production that is highly contextual to specific localities and fields.
Models of thumb: assuring best practice source code in large java software systems

We explore a scalable programmer-in-the-loop approach to improving Java source code quality, which focuses on “routine” code quality concerns. We specifically explore overspecific variable declarations, for which we introduce a novel analysis, and ignored exceptions (for which the analysis is straightforward). In order to assess feasibility of our approach, we have developed several style checkers for Java programs and applied them to a 2MLOC corpus of deployed production code. Our analysis of the corpus indicates that fully 20% of Java exceptions are ignored and 60% of those lack an explanatory comment. In addition, 4% of all variable declarations overspecify the variable type (i.e., fail to abstract to an appropriate level of the inheritance hierarchy). We consider issues of adoptability and the user experience. For example, we introduce an annotation scheme for documenting programmer intent with respect to violation of these style rules. We also describe a capability in our prototype tool to offer repairs to the programmer when quality issues are raised. This is a factor in the design of the analyses. We call the overall approach “models of thumb” because it is designed to assist in identifying and addressing code quality criteria usually expressed in the literature as informal rules of thumb. A “model of thumb” includes a precise characterization of the particular quality attribute, scalable analyses for compliance, and rules for suggesting repairs to violation.
Tweetgeist : Can the Twitter Timeline Reveal the Structure of Broadcast Events ?

We explore applications for enriching experiences around live visual media events by leveraging conversational activity on short messaging services. We investigate the application of existing methods to discover the structure and content of media events and develop methods for exposing the discovered informational cues to users. We demonstrate these approaches using video footage and Twitter activity during two broadly watched media events: the first 2008 USA Presidential Debate and the Inauguration of Barack Obama. For the debates, we demonstrate a method for segmenting and annotating the media via conversational activity for the purpose of watching the video after the event has already passed. For the inauguration, we demonstrate approaches for exposing an awareness of the current topics of discussion on Twitter and the apparent levels of interest via a real-time feedback display. The primary contribution of this CSCW Horizons note is an initial exploration of approaches for applying cues mined from community conversation towards enhanced experiences around multimedia events and an invitation for a discussion of further approaches for applying these techniques to a growing number of domains and applications.
Effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomised trials

Abstract Objective: To summarise the effects of anthelmintic drug treatment on growth and cognitive performance in children. Data sources: Electronic databases: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group controlled trial register, Cochrane controlled trials register, Embase, and Medline. Citations of all identified trials. Contact with the World Health Organization and field researchers. Review methods: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials in children aged 1–16 that compared anthelmintic treatment with placebo or no treatment. Assessment of validity and data abstraction conducted independently by two reviewers. Main outcome measures: Growth and cognitive performance. Results: Thirty randomised controlled trials in more than 15 000 children were identified. Effects on mean weight were unremarkable, and heterogeneity was evident in the results. There were some positive effects on mean weight change in the trials reporting this outcome: after a single dose (any anthelmintic) the pooled estimates were 0.24 kg (95% confidence interval 0.15 kg to 0.32 kg; fixed effects model assumed) and 0.38 kg (0.01 kg to 0.77 kg; random effects model assumed). Results from trials of multiple doses showed mean weight change in up to one year of follow up of 0.10 kg (0.04 kg to 0.17 kg; fixed effects) or 0.15 kg (0.00 to 0.30; random effects). At more than one year of follow up, mean weight change was 0.12 kg (−0.02 kg to 0.26 kg; fixed effects) and 0.43 (−0.61 to 1.47; random effects). Results from studies of cognitive performance were inconclusive. Conclusions: There is some limited evidence that routine treatment of children in areas where helminths are common has effects on weight gain, but this is not consistent between trials. There is insufficient evidence as to whether this intervention improves cognitive performance.
Specificity, Privacy, and Degeneracy in the CD4 T Cell Receptor Repertoire Following Immunization

T cells recognize antigen using a large and diverse set of antigen-specific receptors created by a complex process of imprecise somatic cell gene rearrangements. In response to antigen-/receptor-binding-specific T cells then divide to form memory and effector populations. We apply high-throughput sequencing to investigate the global changes in T cell receptor sequences following immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) and adjuvant, to understand how adaptive immunity achieves specificity. Each immunized mouse contained a predominantly private but related set of expanded CDR3β sequences. We used machine learning to identify common patterns which distinguished repertoires from mice immunized with adjuvant with and without OVA. The CDR3β sequences were deconstructed into sets of overlapping contiguous amino acid triplets. The frequencies of these motifs were used to train the linear programming boosting (LPBoost) algorithm LPBoost to classify between TCR repertoires. LPBoost could distinguish between the two classes of repertoire with accuracies above 80%, using a small subset of triplet sequences present at defined positions along the CDR3. The results suggest a model in which such motifs confer degenerate antigen specificity in the context of a highly diverse and largely private set of T cell receptors.
INVESTIGATIONS ON SNOW HARDNESS AS A MEASURE TO DETERMINE SHEAR STRENGTH

The shear strength plays an important role in avalanche formation. However, investigations on shear strength in the field are time-consuming, in particular these measurements require experienced avalanche professionals. Main objective of this study was to estimate shear strength by using indirect methods which are more user-friendly than the traditional tests. We assumed that hardness and density of snow must be the two most appropriate parameters. Three different methods were implemented to determine snow hardness: the conventional hand hardness test, measurements with the Swiss Rammsonde, and a method with a digital force gauge where we measured hardness in horizontal direction (to find out hardness ranges in the different layers of the snowpack). The snow density was measured with the common standard cylinder and the shear strength was determined with a shear frame. The results indicate a encouraging relationship between snow hardness and shear strength; however, the strong scattering of the data requires further investigations to specify these relations.
Unwilling Subjects of Financialization

This article seeks to advance debates about the financialization of housing by focusing on the emergence of rental housing as a frontier for financialization, a dynamic that is increasingly relevant since the global financial crisis. Situated in New York City, the research focuses on an aggressive wave of investment in affordable rent-stabilized properties by private equity firms, their efforts to release value from these properties, and the implications of the 2008 financial crisis for their investment strategies and thus for tenants' experience of home. Through detailed empirical analysis tracing the connections between how rental housing has been constituted as a new site for private equity investment globally, the local conditions facilitating this process in New York and how it reshaped everyday life for tenants, the article theorizes tenants as unwilling subjects of financialization. Yet unwillingness does not necessarily translate into being overtaken; it also connotes reluctance and indeed struggle. This novel conceptualization highlights the ways in which financialization meets with dissent, and its necessarily contingent and incomplete nature. The article therefore develops the wider intellectual project of understanding financialization not as a monolithic and inevitable process, but as one characterized by resistance from without and contradiction from within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Working Inside the Gate: School Discipline on Post

Racial and ethnic disparities in school discipline in the United States have been well researched, and explanations often highlight the role of structural inequality in explaining these trends. Research has yet to examine disparities in school discipline within a population for which structural inequalities are relatively accounted. Using data from a high school located on a US military installation, we examine patterns of discipline within this sample, representing a population of students whose parents have steady employment, housing, health care, counseling, and childcare. Findings indicate racial and ethnic disparities in discipline are minimal due to the military culture, access to resources, and focus on rehabilitative discipline.
ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGN TO THE COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION

We present the results of calculations of the cosmic AGN back ground spectrum from 3 keV ( 4 × 10μm) to 1000μm. These computations make use of the measured X-ray luminos ity function and its evolution, as well as fits from synthesis models of the cosmic X-ray backgro und (CXB) to predict the AGN contribution to the cosmic infrared background (CIRB) for different models of the location and distribution of the absorbing material. By comparing our results to observational constr ain s we conclude that the current deep Spitzer surveys can account for the entire AGN contribution to the CI RB at 24μm, but these AGN are almost all Compton-thin. In fact, the calculations show that Comptonthick AGN are a small fraction of the CIRB for λ < 100μm. For this reason, the most efficient method of identifying t he Compton-thick AGN population is through hard X-ray imaging at energies & 40 keV. Selection of AGN based on their rest-frame near-IR colors will miss low luminosity type 2 AGN due to contaminati on from the host galaxy. Finally, the AGN that dominate the CXB must have star formation rates < 100 M⊙ yr, consistent with them having similar properties as the sources which dominate the CIRB at z ∼ 1. Including the estimated re-radiated emission from star formation, AGN and their host galaxies may contrib ute∼ 30% of the CIRB at 70μm, dropping to ∼ 10% at 24μm and∼ 1% at 1–10μm. Subject headings: diffuse radiation — galaxies: active — galaxies: evolution — galaxies: formation — infrared: galaxies — X-rays: galaxies
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS MAHASISWA

This study was conducted to improve the mastery of student concepts on calculus materials using Quantum Learning method, this research is motivated because the learning of calculus has not seen any mastery of concept implemented during learning. Therefore formulated problems in this research is how the implementation of learning calculus by using the method of Quantum Learning, and how to increase the mastery of concepts on learning calculus mathematics by applying the method of Quantum Learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students who obtain learning Quantum Learning and students who obtain conventional learning. The type of research is a quasi-experiment with the design is Posttest-Only Design. The sample in this research is a student of 3rd semester of Muhammadiyah Metro University. The technique of data collecting using ability comprehension test of mathematical concept and hypothesis test using t-test. From the result of hypothesis test using t test that is t ct = 4,136 and ttable = 2,035 which show at significant level α = 0,05 yield tcount> ttable and states that H0 is rejected means ability of comprehension mathematical concept of a student who gets learning of Quantum Learning is higher than student Who acquired conventional learning.
Sexual harassment of women in China: The role of liberal sexual attitudes

Purpose Sexual liberation for women is often seen as a means of empowerment. Yet challenging the conventional Chinese beliefs of what constitutes a “good woman” might threaten men’s power, resulting in sanctioning. This study aims to uncover the link between women’s liberal sexual attitudes and an extreme form of sanctioning – sexual harassment. Design/methodology/approach Using data from Chinese Health and Family Life Survey, structural equation modeling is applied to examine the hypothesized relationships between sexual harassment and individual and community characteristics, as well as the direct and indirect effects of liberal sexual attitudes. Findings The author found that a woman’s liberal sexual attitude has a positive direct effect on sexual harassment. Whether the woman resides in rural or urban areas is not directly linked to sexual harassment, yet liberal sexual attitudes among urban women mediate the effect of geographical location, leading to their greater risk of being harassed. Youthfulness and women having a paid job are risk factors for sexual harassment but self-rated attractiveness is not. Research limitations/implications The results reflect a conservative societal view of women’s sexuality, even though it is often believed that China’s sexual revolution is on the way – which plausibly refers to the greater permissiveness for heterosexual men. This study thus illuminates the importance of gender egalitarianism in the process of liberalization of social and moral attitudes toward sex. Originality/value This study thus illuminates the importance of gender egalitarianism in the process of liberalization of social and moral attitudes toward sex.