Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINED MAGNETOROTATIONAL TURBULENCE IN LOCAL SIMULATIONS OF STRATIFIED DISKS WITH ZERO NET MAGNETIC FLUX

We examine the effects of density stratification on magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability in local simulations that adopt the shearing box approximation. Our primary result is that, even in the absence of explicit dissipation, the addition of vertical gravity leads to convergence in the turbulent energy densities and stresses as the resolution increases, contrary to results for zero net flux, unstratified boxes. The ratio of total stress to midplane pressure has a mean of ∼0.01, although there can be significant fluctuations on long (≳50 orbits) timescales. We find that the time-averaged stresses are largely insensitive to both the radial and the vertical aspect ratios of our simulation domain. For simulations with explicit dissipation, we find that stratification extends the range of Reynolds and magnetic Prandtl numbers for which turbulence is sustained, but the behavior of such simulations on long timescales is highly variable. Confirming the results of previous studies, we find oscillations in the large-scale toroidal field with periods of ∼10 orbits and describe the dynamo process that underlies these cycles. We discuss possible origins for the different convergence properties of the stratified and unstratified domains and identify open questions that remain to be answered.
Study on a Christian Chinese sample: sense of self-worth, well-being and locus of control

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore Chinese Christians’ sense of self-worth, well-being, locus of control and the correlations between these variables. One hundred and two Chinese Christians with a range of 18–40 years old were surveyed by the Scale of Self-worth, Chinese version of General Well-Being Scale and internal–external Locus of Control Scale. A control group of 134 Chinese non-Christians participated in the same survey. Christians scored lower on locus of control and higher on self-worth than the non-Christians. No significant general well-being difference was between the Christian and non-Christian samples. The correlations were significant between locus of control and self-worth/general well-being (negative) and between self-worth and general well-being (positive). Results suggest that Christians experience better self-worth and tend to be internals on locus of control.
Depression, Temperament and their Relationship to Other Characteristics in Children with Asperger's Disorder

This study examined a number of characteristics and their relationship to depression in children and adolescents with Asperger's Disorder (AD). These characteristics included degree of AD symptomatology, temperament, general psychopathology, social skills, awareness of disability, gender, and parental vs. self-reports of the children's depression. A set of questionnaires assessing these characteristics was sent to families of individuals with AD. The following findings emerged. First, as might be anticipated, more severe AD symptomatology was related to lower mood in children with AD. Also, a higher level of social skills in these children was related to lower levels of depression. As predicted, a higher awareness of disability was related to higher levels of depression, as reported by the parents. Finally, parents rated their children with AD as being significantly more depressed than did the 13/22 children who could report on their own depression. This result was particularly relevant to the parents of males with AD. The findings are considered in the context of better understanding the possible connection between AD children's well documented mood difficulties and their other presenting characteristics, particularly their temperament and social and cognitive functioning.
Does Participative Leadership Promote Innovative Work Behavior: The Moderated Mediation Model

Keeping in view the social learning theory, the current study aims to examine the impact of participative leadership on innovative work behavior with mediating role of employee commitment to change. The change readiness is taken as a moderator between participative leadership and employee commitment to change. This study used convenience sampling technique. A total of 352 complete responses were taken from service sector employees of Pakistan in a time lagged design. SPSS 20, AMOS 18 and Process Marco by Hayes were used to complete the analysis. Results indicate that participative leadership leads to innovative work behavior and employee commitment to change mediates this relationship. Moderation hypothesis is also proved to indicate that employees with higher change readiness are more likely to show commitment to change under a participative leader. Limitations as well as future directions are given at the end. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
9.0 Scenario Analysis Results 9.1 Scenario Analysis Methodology

Over the past decade, our On the Road group has applied in-use vehicle fl eet modeling to multiple regions around the world to project fuel demand and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. The work contained within this chapter draws together results of a number of papers and theses produced within the group over the past fi ve years. The fl eet model uses a large set of inputs to generate the four sequential outputs of vehicle stock, vehicle energy demand, vehicle fuel demand, and vehicle CO 2 emissions. In-depth data collection and analysis informs base year values. Other historical data on vehicle oil demand allow for model calibration. Thereafter, combining historical trends, new government policies, expert interviews, and our own analysis and judgments helps to defi ne the future evolution of each input. The models generally encompass both fi xed and variable inputs. The scenario analyses described below compare model outputs using various sets of the inputs many of which evolve over time. Numerous individual inputs set up the fl eet model appropriately for the region considered, and defi ne each scenario. • Type of vehicle: analyses assume one representative vehicle for each vehicle category, and different categories of vehicles and powertrains as appropriate in different countries or regions. • Future vehicle sales: all analyses project future sales with sales growth rates; growth rates differ among countries. • Future vehicle scrappage rates: analyses use two different methods to predict vehicle survival: survival curves that require data on average vehicle life span and fl eet rate of decay or data that can be used to calculate annual scrappage as a fraction of annual sales. • Future vehicle kilometers travelled per year (VKT): analyses use exponential decay equations to model VKT, projecting new vehicle VKT through annual percentage changes, and using an exponential mileage degradation rate to determine VKT as vehicles age. • Future naturally-aspirated spark-ignition (NA-SI) engine vehicle fuel consumption: this is set as either an annual percentage change or by setting a ratio for fuel consumption in a given future year compared with the base year. • Types of powertrains: Included powertrains are usually a mix of NA-SI engines, turbocharged gasoline engines, diesel engines, and the various types of electric powertrains.
Evaluation of Nitric Oxide (NO) Levels in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Relationship to Schistosomiasis and Liver Cirrhosis among Egyptian Patients

Nitric oxide (NO), a recently discovered free radical, is overproduced in liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) might increase NO levels via increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS). This work was carried out to study the effect of HCV-induced liver cirrhosis on NO levels among Egyptian patients. The study included 46 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 30 healthy individuals of matched age and sex. NO levels determined as the stable endproduct nitrate, showed a statistically significant increase among patients compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, NO levels increased proportionally with the severity of liver cirrhosis as assessed by Child’s classification (P < 0.05). Moreover, schistosomial infection enhanced NO levels in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection compared to non-bilharzial patients (P < 0.001). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and branched DNA assays were used for detection of HCV RNA positivity, and measurement of the virus load, respectively. Both showed a positive correlation with the NO levels (P < 0.001). At a nitrate cutoff value of 70 μmol/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.0% and 37.0% respectively. Chi square analysis showed a significant correlation between ALT levels and both HCV RNA positivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (P < 0.02), and virus load (P < 0.05). Interestingly enough, there was a significant positive correlation between HCV RNA and schistosomal antibody titer as measured by hemaglutination inhibition assay (HAI) (P < 0.05). The data presented in this report indicated an association between NO levels and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, the findings obtained from this study demonstrated that schistomiasis is an important risk factor involved in enhancement of NO levels and virus replication. The latter may aggravate liver cell injury and hence the development of cirrhosis.
EXPLORATION OF THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTOR AS DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SUPERVISORS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA

Introduction: The Five-Factor model of personality in the workplace clearly revealed a correlation between elements of the five-factor model and job performance but what is not clear is how the factors affect employee job satisfaction. The aim of this study is to explore how the Big-Five Personality Factor determines job satisfaction among factory workers at Agbara industrial complex. Methodology: This study is cross-sectional and descriptive in nature. One hundred and ninety factory workers participated with mean age of 32.6 years. Two hypotheses were raised and tested. Two validated scales were used, the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MJSQ). Results: Findings show a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and different personality types-openness (r = .515, df = 186, p<0.05), conscientiousness (r = .285, df = 186, p<0.05), and extraversion (r = .146, df = 186, p<0.05). The result furthered revealed a significant effect of personality type in predicting job satisfaction (R = .524, R2 = .275; F (5, 184) = 13.960, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that five factor model of personality had a strong influence on the job satisfaction of factory workers. The finding will assist administrators to comprehend the importance of personality factors and its effect on employee job satisfaction.
Pubertal Development in The Netherlands 1965–1997

We investigated pubertal development of 4019 boys and 3562 girls >8 y of age participating in a cross-sectional survey in The Netherlands and compared the results with those of two previous surveys. Reference curves for all pubertal stages were constructed. The 50th percentile of Tanner breast stage 2 was 10.7 y, and 50% of the boys had reached a testicular volume of 4 mL at 11.5 y of age. Median age at menarche was 13.15 y. The median age at which the various stages of pubertal development were observed has stabilized since 1980. The increase of the age at stage G2 between 1965 and 1997 is probably owing to different interpretations of its definition. The current age limits for the definition of precocious are close to the third percentile of these references. A high agreement was found between the pubic hair stages and stages of pubertal (genital and breast) development, but slightly more in boys than in girls. Menarcheal age was dependent on height, weight, and body mass index. At a given age tall or heavy girls have a higher probability of having menarche compared with short or thin girls. A body weight exceeding 60 kg (+1 SDS), or a body mass index of >20 (+1 SDS), has no or little effect on the chance of having menarche, whereas for height such a ceiling effect was not observed. In conclusion, in The Netherlands the age at onset of puberty or menarche has stabilized since 1980. Height, weight, and body mass index have a strong influence on the chance of menarche.
UMCP: A Sound and Complete Procedure for Hierarchical Task-network Planning

One big obstacle to understanding the nature of hierarchical task network (HTN) planning has been the lack of a clear theoretical framework. In particular, no one has yet presented a clear and concise HTN algorithm that is sound and complete. In this paper, we present a formal syntax and semantics for HTN planning. Based on this syntax and semantics, we are able to define an algorithm for HTN planning and prove it sound and complete.
An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transfers

The Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP) consists in defining a set of routes that satisfy transportation requests between a set of pickup points and a set of delivery points. This paper addresses a variant of the PDP where requests can change vehicle during their trip. The transshipment is made at specific locations called "transfer points". The corresponding problem is called the Pickup and Delivery with Transfers (PDPT). Solving the PDPT leads to new modeling and algorithmic difficulties. We propose new heuristics capable of efficiently inserting requests through transfer points. These heuristics are embedded into an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search. We evaluate the method on generated instances and apply it to the transportation of people with disabilities. On these real-life instances we show that the introduction of transfer points generally brings non-negligible improvements (up to 9%). Experiments on related instances from the literature show clearly that the method is competitive with existing method.
The Cognitive Side of M1

The primary motor cortex (M1) is traditionally implicated in voluntary movement control. In order to test the hypothesis that there is a functional topography of M1 activation in studies where it has been implicated in higher cognitive tasks we performed activation-likelihood-estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging experiments reporting M1 activation in relation to six cognitive functional categories for which there was a sufficient number of studies to include, namely motor imagery, working memory, mental rotation, social/emotion/empathy, language, and auditory processing. The six categories activated different sub-sectors of M1, either bilaterally or lateralized to one hemisphere. Notably, the activations found in the M1 of the left or right hemisphere detected in our study were unlikely due to button presses. In fact, all contrasts were selected in order to eliminate M1 activation due to activity related to the finger button press. In addition, we identified the M1 sub-region of Area 4a commonly activated by 4/6 categories, namely motor imagery and working memory, emotion/empathy, and language. Overall, our findings lend support to the idea that there is a functional topography of M1 activation in studies where it has been found activated in higher cognitive tasks and that the left Area 4a can be involved in a number of cognitive processes, likely as a product of implicit mental simulation processing.
Road Pricing with Autonomous Links

This research seeks to examine road pricing on a network of autonomous highway links. “Autonomous” refers to the links’ being competitive and independent and having the objective of maximizing their own profits without regard for either social welfare or the profits of other links. The principal goal of this research is to understand the implications of the adoption of road pricing and privatization on social welfare and the distribution of gains and losses. The specific pricing strategies of autonomous links are evaluated first under the condition of competition for simple networks. An agent-based modeling system is then developed; it integrates an equilibrated travel demand, route choice, and travel time model with a repeated game of autonomous links setting prices to maximize profit. The levels of profit, welfare consequences, and potential cooperative arrangements undertaken by autonomous links are evaluated. By studying how such an economic system may behave under various circumstances, the effectiveness of road pricing and road privatization as public policy can be assessed.
Using Crash Hoare logic for certifying the FSCQ file system

FSCQ is the first file system with a machine-checkable proof (using the Coq proof assistant) that its implementation meets its specification and whose specification includes crashes. FSCQ provably avoids bugs that have plagued previous file systems, such as performing disk writes without sufficient barriers or forgetting to zero out directory blocks. If a crash happens at an inopportune time, these bugs can lead to data loss. FSCQ's theorems prove that, under any sequence of crashes followed by reboots, FSCQ will recover the file system correctly without losing data. To state FSCQ's theorems, this paper introduces the Crash Hoare logic (CHL), which extends traditional Hoare logic with a crash condition, a recovery procedure, and logical address spaces for specifying disk states at different abstraction levels. CHL also reduces the proof effort for developers through proof automation. Using CHL, we developed, specified, and proved the correctness of the FSCQ file system. Although FSCQ's design is relatively simple, experiments with FSCQ running as a user-level file system show that it is sufficient to run Unix applications with usable performance. FSCQ's specifications and proofs required significantly more work than the implementation, but the work was manageable even for a small team of a few researchers.
Laughter to Learning: How Humor Can Build Relationships and Increase Learning in the Online Classroom.

interactions and relationships with their instructors (Anderson, 2011; Micari & Pazos, 2012). In the online classroom, instructors run into an even greater challenge when it comes to engaging students, showing their personalities, and being present. One way of making connections with online college students is through humor. Hackathorn, Garczynski, Blankmeyer, Tennial, and Solomon (2011) found that students not only expressed favorable comments about their professors who used humor in the classroom, they also showed higher success rates and levels of engagement. Davies (2015) also discovered that student comprehension of material delivered with wit was increased over students whose instructors did not use humor. This article will provide research behind using humor, examples of appropriate and effective means of demonstrating humor in the online classroom, and samples of student comments when humor was used. Even the most humor-challenged faculty members will learn strategies to add elements of their own wittiness to their online classes.
Role of p53, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in early stage Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative gastric carcinomas

Aims: Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated gastric tumour development are incompletely understood. The interrelations between EBV infection, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and the expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53 was investigated in 133 early stage gastric carcinomas. Methods: Tumour tissue was compared with paired non-tumour tissue. EBV encoded small RNAs (EBERs) determined EBV status. The apoptotic index (AI) was determined by morphology and verified biochemically. p53 and Ki-67 expression (cell proliferation) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: EBV was detected in 14.3% of the cases. Cell proliferation did not differ significantly between EBV positive and negative cancers. However, within both these groups, the p53 positive and negative subsets differed significantly (EBV positive group: 76.8% and 55.3% were p53 positive or negative cancers, respectively; p<0.05; EBV negative group: 65.2% and 51.7% were p53 positive or negative, respectively; p<0.005). The numbers of p53 expressing EBV positive and negative cases were significantly different (57.9% and 82.5%, respectively; p<0.05). Compared with cell proliferation, apoptosis was significantly lower in EBV positive versus negative cancers (AI of 4.36 and 6.50, respectively; p<0.01). The p53 positive and negative subsets also differed significantly in AI (EBV positive group: AI of 5.13 and 3.30 for p53 positive and negative cancers, respectively; p<0.05: EBV negative group: AI of 6.84 and 4.90 for p53 positive and negative cancers, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusions: These factors probably combine to promote development and progression of early stage gastric carcinomas and, at the same time, ensure the survival of EBV itself.
Diverging UV and Hα fluxes of star-forming galaxies predicted by the IGIMF theory

Although the stellar initial mass function (IMF) has only been directly determined in star clusters, it has been manifoldly applied on galaxy-wide scales. But taking the clustered nature of star formation into account the galaxy-wide IMF is constructed by adding all IMFs of all young star clusters leading to an integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF). The IGIMF is top-light compared to the canonical IMF in star clusters and steepens with decreasing total star formation rate (SFR). This discrepancy is marginal for large disc galaxies but becomes significant for Small Magellanic Cloud type galaxies and less massive ones. We here construct IGIMF-based relations between the total far- and near-ultraviolet luminosities of galaxies and the underlying SFR. We make the prediction that the Hα luminosity of star-forming dwarf galaxies decreases faster with decreasing SFR than the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity. This
Equine-assisted learning in youths at-risk for school or social failure

Abstract This study examined whether a three-month equine-assisted learning program improved measures of character skills in two independent cohorts of Year 1 youths, in a specialized secondary school for youths with difficulties coping with mainstream curriculum. In 2013, 75 students underwent intervention while 82 students did not. In 2014, 58 students underwent intervention and 59 students were waitlisted in semester 1; cross-over was performed in semester 2. The students were rated a week before, mid-way and a week post-intervention. Results from multi-level modeling indicated that the intervention led to progressive improvements in character skills over the school semester, in the majority of the constructs measured in both the 2013 and 2014 cohorts. The rate of change in measures of character skills over the semester correlated with the grade point average of the students at semester-end. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
The "Majority Illusion" in Social Networks

Individual’s decisions, from what product to buy to whether to engage in risky behavior, often depend on the choices, behaviors, or states of other people. People, however, rarely have global knowledge of the states of others, but must estimate them from the local observations of their social contacts. Network structure can significantly distort individual’s local observations. Under some conditions, a state that is globally rare in a network may be dramatically over-represented in the local neighborhoods of many individuals. This effect, which we call the “majority illusion,” leads individuals to systematically overestimate the prevalence of that state, which may accelerate the spread of social contagions. We develop a statistical model that quantifies this effect and validate it with measurements in synthetic and real-world networks. We show that the illusion is exacerbated in networks with a heterogeneous degree distribution and disassortative structure.