Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional LSTMs — CRFs networks for bangla POS tagging

Part-of-speech (POS) information is one of the fundamental components in the natural language processing pipeline, which helps in extracting higher-level information such as named entities, discourse, and syntactic structure of a sentence. For some languages, such as English, Dutch, and Chinese, it is considered as a solved problem due to the higher accuracy (97%) of the predicted system. Significant efforts have been made for such languages in terms of making the data publicly accessible and also organizing evaluation campaigns. Compared to that there are very fewer efforts for Bangla (ethnonym: Bangla; exonym: Bengali). In this paper, we present a knowledge poor approach for POS tagging, which we evaluated using publicly accessible dataset from LDC. The motivation of our approach is that we did not want to rely on any existing resources such as lexicon or named entity recognizer for designing the system as they are not publicly available and difficult to develop. We have not used any handcrafted features, rather we employed distributed representations of word and characters. We designed the system using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks followed by Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for designing the model with an inclusion of pre-trained word embedded model. We obtained promising results with an accuracy of 86.0%.
Autophagy pathways activated in response to PDT contribute to cell resistance against ROS damage

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) concurrently instigate apoptosis and autophagy pathways, but the link between these processes remains unclear. Because cytotoxic ROS formation is exploited in anticancer therapy, such as in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a better understanding of the complex interplay between autophagy and apoptosis is urgently required. Previously, we reported that ROS generated by PDT with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐associated sensitizer leads to loss of ER‐Ca2+ homeostasis, ER stress and apoptosis. Here we show that PDT prompted Akt‐mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway down‐regulation and stimulated macroautophagy (MA) in cancer and normal cells. Overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase‐4 reversed mTOR down‐regulation and blocked MA progression and apoptosis. Attenuating MA using Atg5 knockdown or 3‐methyladenine, reduced clearance of oxidatively damaged proteins and increased apoptosis, thus revealing a cytoprotective role of MA in PDT. Paradoxically, genetic loss of MA improved clearance of oxidized proteins and reduced photokilling. We found that up‐regulation of chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) in unstressed Atg5−/− cells compensated for MA loss and increased cellular resistance to PDT. CMA‐deficient cells were significantly sensitized to photokilling but were protected against the ER stressor thapsigargin. These results disclose a stress‐specific recruitment of autophagy pathways with cytoprotective function and unravel CMA as the dominant defence mechanism against PDT.
Ventral hippocampal involvement in temporal order, but not recognition, memory for spatial information

The hippocampus is critical for spatial memory. Recently, subregional differences in the function of hippocampus have been described in a number of behavioral tasks. The present experiments assessed the effects of reversibly lesioning either the dorsal (dHip) or ventral hippocampus (vHip) on spontaneous tests of spatial recognition and temporal order memory. We report that although the dHip is necessary for spatial recognition memory (RM) (distinguishing a novel from a familiar spatial location), the vHip is involved in temporal order memory (the capacity to distinguish between two spatial locations visited at different points in time), but not RM. These findings and others are consistent with the hypothesis that temporal order memory is supported by an integrated circuit of limbic areas including the vHip and the medial prefrontal cortex. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ignorance of the Crime Is No Excuse: Do Public Speaking Students Even Know What Cheating Is?.

In an attempt to get an idea of students' perceptions of cheating and the frequency with which cheating occurs, a study examined 203 students currently enrolled in public speaking classes from two-year and four-year schools on the East Coast and in the Midwest. The survey was divided into four parts which: (1) gathered biographical information about the students; (2) provided a hypothetical situation and asked if it was cheating; (3) asked them to confess to various forms of cheating they may have committed in a speech class; and (4) asked if they knew anyone else who had cheated. Results indicated that only 95 of the 203 students reported that they had not cheated in some way. Findings suggest that roughly 78% of the ,students from four-year institutions cheated, while the number at two-year institutions was roughly 57%. (Contains a diagram, 3 tables of data, and 16 references.) (CR) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Ignorance of the Crime is no Excuse: Do Public Speaking Students Even Know What Cheating Is? A Paper Presented at the 1998 National Communication Association Convention, November 21-24, 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) fr This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Presented by: Todd T. Holm Ohio University Athens, OH
Fluid limits to analyze long-term flow rates of a stochastic network with ingress discarding.

We study a simple rate control scheme for a multiclass queuing network for which customers are partitioned into distinct flows that are queued separately at each station. The control scheme discards customers that arrive to the network ingress whenever any one of the flow’s queues throughout the network holds more than a specified threshold number of customers. We prove that if the state of a corresponding fluid model tends to a set where the flow rates are equal to target rates, then there exist sufficiently high thresholds that make the long-term average flow rates of the stochastic network arbitrarily close to these target rates. The same techniques could be used to study other control schemes. To illustrate the application of our results, we analyze a network resembling a 2-input, 2-output communications network switch.
Multimodal analysis of body communication cues in employment interviews

Hand gestures and body posture are intimately linked to speech as they are used to enrich the vocal content, and are therefore inherently multimodal. As an important part of nonverbal behavior, body communication carries relevant information that can reveal social constructs as diverse as personality, internal states, or job interview outcomes. In this work, we analyze body communication cues in real dyadic employment interviews, where the protagonists of the interaction are seated. We use a mixture of body communicative features based on manual annotations and automated extraction methods to successfully predict two key organizational constructs, namely personality and job interview ratings. Our work also confirms the multimodal nature of body communication and shows that the speaking status can be used to improve the prediction performance of personality and hirability.
Altered Discharge Pattern of Basal Ganglia Output Neurons in an Animal Model of Idiopathic Dystonia

A decreased activity of basal ganglia output neurons is thought to underlie idiopathic dystonias and other hyperkinetic movement disorders. We found recently a reduced spontaneous discharge rate of entopeduncular neurons (internal globus pallidus in primates) indtsz hamsters, an unique model for idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia in which stress-inducible attacks show an age-dependent severity. Otherwise, it has been suggested that an altered discharge pattern may be more important for the occurrence of dystonia than a reduced discharge rate. Based on qualitative and computerized quantitative evaluations of interspike interval histograms and spike trains of extracellularly recorded single neurons, we investigated the spontaneous discharge pattern of GABAergic entopeduncular and nigral neurons indtsz hamsters at different ages. The discharge pattern of entopeduncular neurons was highly irregular and showed an altered burst-like firing indtsz hamsters at the age of the most marked expression of dystonia when compared with age-matched nondystonic controls. In line with a recently reported normalization of discharge rates after age-dependent disappearance of dystonia, we found an almost complete normalization of the discharge pattern of entopeduncular neurons after remission of dystonia indtsz hamsters. Investigations of GABAergic nigral neurons, reported recently to have the same spontaneous discharge rates in dystonic and nondystonic hamsters, did not show an altered firing pattern indtsz hamsters. The present data clearly indicate the fundamental importance of an altered discharge pattern of entopeduncular neurons for the expression of paroxysmal dystonia, and probably also for other dyskinesias, and may explain the improvements obtained by pallidotomy in dystonic patients despite an obviously reduced pallidal output.
Use of Synthetic Serum Substitute and alpha-minimum essential medium for the extended culture of human embryos to the blastocyst stage.

This study was designed to provide further information on mouse and human embryo development in alpha-modified minimum essential medium (alphaMEM). First, we compared the development and implantation potential of murine in-vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos cultured in alphaMEM, in the presence and absence of co-culture cells. No significant difference was observed in blastocyst rate between alphaMEM alone (76.2%) and alphaMEM plus co-culture (79.9%). The percentage of hatched blastocysts was, however, higher with co-culture (47.5 versus 40%, P < 0.01). Transfer of blastocysts to pseudopregnant foster mothers resulted in similar live birth rates (14.9% alphaMEM alone versus 19.8% alphaMEM/co-culture). alphaMEM was also introduced into our clinical IVF programme for culture of human embryos beyond day 3. Spare human embryos were cultured under oil in microdrops of alphaMEM supplemented with 10% synthetic serum substitute. Blastocysts were evaluated for maturity and the presence and organization of the inner cell mass. A total of 206 embryos from 53 IVF patients underwent extended culture. The overall blastocyst rate was 45.1%. An inner cell mass was observed in 76 blastocysts (81.7%). With regard to developmental maturity, approximately 73% of blastocysts that had been frozen were expanding (cavity > 50% embryo volume) or fully expanded. These data suggest that alphaMEM in conjunction with a commercial protein preparation such as Synthetic Serum Substitute may be a good basal medium for culture of human embryos to the blastocyst stage.
Impact of Social Context on the Self-Concept of Gay and Lesbian Youth: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objectives Self-concept distortion has been extensively linked with decreasing mental health in gay and lesbian youth. Social context has been proposed to have a moderating effect on the development of a healthy self-concept. However, no good quality review has approached these concepts with regards to LGBT youth. Methods A systematic review was conducted on the relationship between social context and self-concept in gay and lesbian youth. Twenty studies were included in the review. Results Quality assessment of papers yielded moderate methodological strength. Findings implied that social context has considerable influence on self-concept development. Discrepancies in assessment methods, areas of social context examined, and one-dimensional nature of examining self-concept interferes with drawing explicit conclusions regarding the relationship between social context and self-concept. Conclusion Positivity of social context is not conclusively relatable to positive self-concept development, and similarly, a negative context is not predetermining of self-concept distortions. Building on resilience factors of gay and lesbian youth, working together with families, and advancing and utilizing available educational and community resources should mitigate the strength of overt and covert heterosexism hindering healthy self-concept development. Further longitudinal and cross-cultural research will be necessary to provide insight into the mechanisms of associations.
Activation of G Proteins by Aluminum Fluoride Enhances RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis

Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis is accompanied by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in a form of oscillations, which plays essential roles by activating sequentially Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, calcineurin and NFATc1, necessary in the osteoclast differentiation. However, it is not known whether Ca2+ mobilization which is evoked in RANKL-independent way induces to differentiate into osteoclasts. In present study, we investigated Ca2+ mobilization induced by aluminum fluoride (AlF4-), a G-protein activator, with or without RANKL and the effects of AlF4- on the osteoclastogenesis in primary cultured mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). We show here that AlF4- induces intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) oscillations, which is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx. Notably, co-stimulation of AlF4- with RANKL resulted in enhanced NFATc1 expression and formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells. Additionally, we confirmed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is also activated by AlF4-. Taken together, these results demonstrate that G-protein would be a novel modulator responsible for [Ca2+]i oscillations and MAPK activation which lead to enhancement of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
The Baltic Dry Index: cyclicalities, forecasting and hedging strategies

The cyclical properties of the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) and their implications for forecasting performance are investigated. We find that changes in the BDI can lead to permanent shocks to trade of major exporting economies. In our forecasting exercise, we show that commodities and trigonometric regression can lead to improved predictions and then use our forecasting results to perform an investment exercise and to show how they can be used for improved risk management in the freight sector.
Running Head:-Experience of Formal Caregivers of Elders the Experience of Formal Caregivers of Elders in Two Selected Institutions

This study examined the experience of formal caregivers of elders at MHEMD and KICCE. Prior studies emphasized on family caregivers of elders and the experiences of formal caregivers of elders in Ethiopia remain understudied. A qualitative, exploratory multiple case study was employed. Fourteen formal caregivers with age range from 18-52 years old, nine were female and five were males. Five key informants and three elders were selected by using purposive sampling. In-depth interview, key informant interview and observation were used and the data was analyzed thematically. In order to assure trustworthiness: triangulation of data, prolonged engagement, following research ethics, conformability and debriefing were used. The study indicated that caregiving could be perceived as taking responsibility, sharing sympathy, meeting elder‟s needs, being available and giving emotional support. Formal caregivers assist elders in personal care, medication and provide emotional support. Passion, personal background and religious beliefs of the caregiver, conducive work environment and caring as a job are motives of being a caregiver. On the other hand, learning from elder‟s experience, improved social interaction, spiritual meaning, behavioral change and paying back one‟s debt as enrichments of caregiving. Formal caregivers face problems with elder‟s behavior, health, social and economic challenges. Discussion with concerned bodies, respecting elders, fulfilling their needs, praying and ignorance are strategies used by formal caregivers to overcome problems. They need training, suitable work atmosphere, better payment, support from concerned bodies, assistive devices and respite service. This study has an implication for training, Social work education and research, and policy.
Sexual Success after Stress? Imidacloprid-Induced Hormesis in Males of the Neotropical Stink Bug Euschistus heros

Environmental stress in newly-emerged adult insects can have dramatic consequences on their life traits (e.g., dispersion, survival and reproduction) as adults. For instance, insects sublethally exposed to environmental stressors (e.g., insecticides) can gain fitness benefits as a result of hormesis (i.e., benefits of low doses of compounds that would be toxic at higher doses). Here, we experimentally tested whether sublethal exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid would hormetically affect the sexual fitness of newly-emerged adults of the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), which is the most abundant and prevalent insect pest in Neotropical soybean fields. We evaluated the sexual fitness of four couple combinations: unexposed couples, exposed females, exposed males, and exposed couples. Sublethal exposure to dry residues (i.e., contact) of imidacloprid (at 1% of recommended field rate) did not affect insect survival, but led to higher mating frequencies when at least one member of the couple was exposed. However, the average mating duration was shortened when only females were exposed to imidacloprid. Moreover, exposed males showed higher locomotory (walking) activity, lower respiration rates and induced higher fecundity rates when mated to unexposed females. Although the reproductive tracts of exposed males did not differ morphometrically from unexposed males, their accessory glands exhibited positive reactions for acidic and basic contents. Our findings suggest that males of the Neotropical brown stink bug hormetically increase their sexual fitness when cued by impending insecticidal stress in early adulthood.
Analysis of FK506, timcodar (VX-853) and FKBP51 and FKBP52 chaperones in control of glucocorticoid receptor activity and phosphorylation

The immunosuppressive ligand FK506 and the FK506‐binding protein FKBP52 are stimulatory to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity. Here, we explore the underlying mechanism by comparing GR activity and phosphorylation status in response to FK506 and the novel nonimmunosuppressive ligand timcodar (VX‐853) and in the presence and absence of FKBP52 and the closely related protein FKBP51. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) deficient knockout (KO) in FKBP51 or FKBP52, we show decreased GR activity at endogenous genes in 52KO cells, but increased activity in 51KO cells. In 52KO cells, elevated phosphorylation occurred at inhibitory serine 212 and decreased phosphorylation at the stimulatory S220 residue. In contrast, 51KO cells showed increased GR phosphorylation at the stimulatory residues S220 and S234. In wild‐type (WT) MEF cells, timcodar, like FK506, potentiated dexamethasone‐induced GR transcriptional activity at two endogenous genes. Using 52KO and 51KO MEF cells, FK506 potentiated GR activity in 51KO cells but could not do so in 52KO cells, suggesting FKBP52 as the major target of FK506 action. Like FK506, timcodar potentiated GR in 51KO cells, but it also increased GR activity in 52KO cells. Knock‐down of FKBP51 in the 52KO cells showed that the latter effect of timcodar required FKBP51. Thus, timcodar appears to have a dual specificity for FKBP51 and FKBP52. This work demonstrates phosphorylation as an important mechanism in FKBP control of GR and identifies the first nonimmunosuppressive macrolide capable of targeting GR action.
Artful terms: A study on aesthetic word usage for visual art versus film and music

Despite the importance of the arts in human life, psychologists still know relatively little about what characterises their experience for the recipient. The current research approaches this problem by studying people's word usage in aesthetics, with a focus on three important art forms: visual art, film, and music. The starting point was a list of 77 words known to be useful to describe aesthetic impressions of visual art (Augustin et al 2012, Acta Psychologica 139 187–201). Focusing on ratings of likelihood of use, we examined to what extent word usage in aesthetic descriptions of visual art can be generalised to film and music. The results support the claim of an interplay of generality and specificity in aesthetic word usage. Terms with equal likelihood of use for all art forms included beautiful, wonderful, and terms denoting originality. Importantly, emotion-related words received higher ratings for film and music than for visual art. To our knowledge this is direct evidence that aesthetic experiences of visual art may be less affectively loaded than, for example, experiences of music. The results render important information about aesthetic word usage in the realm of the arts and may serve as a starting point to develop tailored measurement instruments for different art forms.
Kronecker Determinantal Point Processes

Determinantal Point Processes (DPPs) are probabilistic models over all subsets a ground set of $N$ items. They have recently gained prominence in several applications that rely on "diverse" subsets. However, their applicability to large problems is still limited due to the $\mathcal O(N^3)$ complexity of core tasks such as sampling and learning. We enable efficient sampling and learning for DPPs by introducing KronDPP, a DPP model whose kernel matrix decomposes as a tensor product of multiple smaller kernel matrices. This decomposition immediately enables fast exact sampling. But contrary to what one may expect, leveraging the Kronecker product structure for speeding up DPP learning turns out to be more difficult. We overcome this challenge, and derive batch and stochastic optimization algorithms for efficiently learning the parameters of a KronDPP.
Person-Organization Fit, Person-Job Fit, and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The main objective of this study is to explore the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior between person-organization fit and person-job fit on innovative work behavior. 134 employees are randomly selected from 200 employees of the Indonesian banking sector. The data analyzes using structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos 22 software. The results found that person-organization fit, and person-job fit are positively related to organizational citizenship behavior and innovative work behavior. In contrast to the expectation, organizational citizenship behavior is not significantly related to innovative work behavior.