Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistency of the group Lasso and multiple kernel learning

We consider the least-square regression problem with regularization by a block l1-norm, that is, a sum of Euclidean norms over spaces of dimensions larger than one. This problem, referred to as the group Lasso, extends the usual regularization by the l1-norm where all spaces have dimension one, where it is commonly referred to as the Lasso. In this paper, we study the asymptotic group selection consistency of the group Lasso. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the consistency of group Lasso under practical assumptions, such as model mis specification. When the linear predictors and Euclidean norms are replaced by functions and reproducing kernel Hilbert norms, the problem is usually referred to as multiple kernel learning and is commonly used for learning from heterogeneous data sources and for non linear variable selection. Using tools from functional analysis, and in particular covar iance operators, we extend the consistency results to this infinite dimensional case and also propose an adaptive scheme to obtain a consistent model estimate, even when the necessary condition required for the non adaptive scheme is not satisfied.
Dietary antioxidants and cognitive function in a population-based sample of older persons. The Rotterdam Study.

Antioxidants have been implicated in processes related to atherosclerosis, aging, and selective neuronal damage, all of which may ultimately affect cognitive function. In a sample of older persons, the authors examined the cross-sectional relation between cognitive function and dietary intake of beta-carotene and vitamins C and E. The data were derived from 5,182 community participants aged 55-95 years in the population-based Rotterdam Study in the period 1990 to 1993. Dietary intake was estimated from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and categorized into five levels of intake. Cognitive function was measured with the 30-point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and characterized as unimpaired (> 25 points) or impaired (< or = 25 points). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cognitive impairment. After adjustment for age, education, sex, smoking, total caloric intake, and intake of other antioxidants, a lower intake of beta-carotene was associated with impaired cognitive function (< 0.9 mg vs. > or = 2.1 mg intake, OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1; p for trend < 0.04). There was no association between cognitive function and intake of vitamins C and E. These cross-sectional observations are compatible with the view that beta-carotene-rich foods may protect against cognitive impairment in older people. The finding could also reflect unmeasured confounding, measurement error, or a change in food habits that resulted from rather than preceded the onset of cognitive impairment.
Quantifying Human Health Risks from Virginiamycin Used in Chickens

The streptogramin antimicrobial combination Quinupristin‐Dalfopristin (QD) has been used in the United States since late 1999 to treat patients with vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) infections. Another streptogramin, virginiamycin (VM), is used as a growth promoter and therapeutic agent in farm animals in the United States and other countries. Many chickens test positive for QD‐resistant E. faecium, raising concern that VM use in chickens might compromise QD effectiveness against VREF infections by promoting development of QD‐resistant strains that can be transferred to human patients. Despite the potential importance of this threat to human health, quantifying the risk via traditional farm‐to‐fork modeling has proved extremely difficult. Enough key data (mainly on microbial loads at each stage) are lacking so that such modeling amounts to little more than choosing a set of assumptions to determine the answer. Yet, regulators cannot keep waiting for more data. Patients prescribed QD are typically severely ill, immunocompromised people for whom other treatment options have not readily been available. Thus, there is a pressing need for sound risk assessment methods to inform risk management decisions for VM/QD using currently available data. This article takes a new approach to the QD‐VM risk modeling challenge. Recognizing that the usual farm‐to‐fork (“forward chaining”) approach commonly used in antimicrobial risk assessment for food animals is unlikely to produce reliable results soon enough to be useful, we instead draw on ideas from traditional fault tree analysis (“backward chaining”) to reverse the farm‐to‐fork process and start with readily available human data on VREF case loads and QD resistance rates. Combining these data with recent genogroup frequency data for humans, chickens, and other sources ( Willems et al., 2000, 2001 ) allows us to quantify potential human health risks from VM in chickens in both the United States and Australia, two countries where regulatory action for VM is being considered.
Nicotine effects on rat seizures susceptibility and hippocampal neuronal degeneration.

OBJECTIVES Nicotine is a widely used drug of abuse exerting number of effects on the central nervous system. The study was aimed at the effects of nicotine in various doses on the excitability of cerebral cortex and - by using the methods of histochemistry - to identify possible signs of neuronal degeneration after nicotine administration. METHODS Cortical afterdischarges were elicited by repeated stimulation of the right sensorimotor cortex. The duration of evoked ADs was monitored in animals treated with nicotine (0.75 or 1.0mg/kg) and in animals treated with saline. Methods of histochemistry (Fluoro-Jade B and bis-benzimide) were used to detect possible neuronal degeneration in hippocampus or in cerebral cortex. RESULTS No Fluoro-Jade B positive cells were found in hippocampi of control animals, or animals treated with nicotine. ADs length was significantly influenced by administration of nicotine. CONCLUSION Nicotine in 0.75 or 1.0 mg/kg dose leads to the decrease in ADs duration, influences the seizure susceptibility, and doesn't cause any detectable neuronal damage.
The conjugation of 1- and 2-naphthols and other phenols in the cat and pig.

[1-14C]-Naphthol and [8-14C]2-naphthol (25 mg/kg) injected into cats were excreted in the urine almost entirely as sulphate conjugates. Only about 1–2% of the dose appeared as naphthylglucuronides. 1-Naphthol gave entirely 1-naphthylsulphate whereas 2-naphthol gave 2-naphthylsulphate and an unidentified hydroxynaphthylsulphate in the ratio of 4 : 1.When [8-14C]2-naphthol was injected into pigs (dose 25 mg/kg) it was excreted mainly as 2-naphthylglucuronide with a small amount of 2-naphthyl sulphate (ratio about 15 : 1), but when [1-14C]1-naphthol was injected, 1-naphthylglucuronide and 1-naphthylsulphate were excreted in the ratio of 2 : 1. The pig, therefore, formed substantial amounts of 1-naphthylsulphate but not of 2-naphthylsulphate.The cat excreted injected [14C]morphine mainly as morphine 3-sulphate and [14C]phenacetin as 4-acetamidophenylsulphate, but injected [3H]phenolphthalein was excreted as the glucuronide and sulphate in the ratio of 3 : 2. The cat, therefore, formed substantial amounts of p.
A comparative study of DC and AC microgrids in commercial buildings across different climates and operating profiles

Bosch has developed and demonstrated a novel direct current (DC) microgrid system that maximizes the efficiency of locally generated photovoltaic energy while offering high reliability, safety, redundancy, and reduced cost compared to equivalent alternating current (AC) systems. Several demonstration projects validating the system feasibility and expected efficiency gains have been completed and additional ones are in progress. This paper gives an overview of the Bosch DC microgrid system and presents key results from a large simulation study done to estimate the energy savings of the Bosch DC microgrid over conventional AC systems. The study examined the system performance in locations across the United States for several commercial building types and operating profiles. It found that the Bosch DC microgrid uses generated PV energy 6%-8% more efficiently than traditional AC systems.
INTERMICROTUBULE BRIDGES IN MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS

Fine interconnections or "cross-bridges" have been observed between cytoplasmic microtubules in many different organisms (1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13) . Recently, similar bridges have been noted between the microtubules of the spindle apparatus in dividing plant and animal cells (4, 6, 7, 11, 14) . Increasing attention is being directed toward intertubule bridges, since they may play an important role in microtubule-mediated motility (1, 8, 9) . In this brief note we present our observations on the structure of arms and bridges on the microtubules of the spindle apparatus in cultured human cells (HeLa and WI-38) and in the endosperm of the African blood lily, Haemanthus katherinae . We demonstrate the presence of bridges between kinetochore tubules, between continuous tubules, and, during later stages of mitosis, between the tubules of the interzone . We also show bridges between tubules and vesicles in the postmitotic stem of HeLa cells and in the phragmoplast of Haemanthus .
Understanding DNA Repair in Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Persistent Gaps and Other Reasons to Focus on the Fork

Although hyperthermophilic archaea arguably have a great need for efficient DNA repair, they lack members of several DNA repair protein families broadly conserved among bacteria and eukaryotes. Conversely, the putative DNA repair genes that do occur in these archaea often do not generate the expected phenotype when deleted. The prospect that hyperthermophilic archaea have some unique strategies for coping with DNA damage and replication errors has intellectual and technological appeal, but resolving this question will require alternative coping mechanisms to be proposed and tested experimentally. This review evaluates a combination of four enigmatic properties that distinguishes the hyperthermophilic archaea from all other organisms: DNA polymerase stalling at dU, apparent lack of conventional NER, lack of MutSL homologs, and apparent essentiality of homologous recombination proteins. Hypothetical damage-coping strategies that could explain this set of properties may provide new starting points for efforts to define how archaea differ from conventional models of DNA repair and replication fidelity.
Does Consuming More Make You Happier? Evidence from Chinese Panel Data

This study examines the relationship between consumption and happiness, using panel data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). We find that total consumption expenditure has a significant and positive effect on happiness, but we find no evidence of a non-linear relationship between consumption and happiness. There are heterogeneous effects of consumption on happiness across subsamples and for different types of consumption expenditure. We find that relative consumption matters, irrespective if the reference group is defined in terms of consumption at the community or county level or on the basis of age, education and gender. However, the extent to which comparison effects are upward looking, or asymmetric, depend on how the comparison group is defined. We also find that comparison with one’s past consumption has no significant effect on an individual’s happiness.
Long-term clinical outcome of paediatric kidneys transplanted to adults.

BACKGROUND We have earlier shown an increase in the size and excellent graft function of paediatric kidneys transplanted to adults up to 1 year following transplantation. This study was performed to assess the long-term outcome of these transplants. METHODS From a primary cohort of 19 adults, receiving a first kidney transplant from a paediatric donor <10 years of age, 16 patients were available for a complete long-term follow-up, 5-9 years post-transplant. Of these, eight patients were transplanted with a donor of <5 years. All medical files and registry data of the cohort, from the time of transplantation to the follow-up time point, were recalled and events were registered. The patients' general condition, body weight, blood and urine tests, blood pressure (BP), use of antihypertensive agents and GFR were recorded. To explore the temporal increment in the size of paediatric donor kidneys transplanted to adults, the maximal cranio-caudal length of the kidneys from the time of transplantation to follow-up was established by ultrasound. Volumes (length x width x thickness x pi/6) of en bloc kidneys versus single paediatric kidneys and adult-to-adult transplants were compared. RESULTS Long-term (7 years, median) patient and graft survival was 95% and 89%, respectively. Mean serum creatinine was 85 micromol/l (range, 32-131). The mean estimated GFR was 84 ml/min/1.73 m(2). The mean BP was 134/79 mmHg (range, 120-185/70-90). The number of antihypertensive agents used was not statistically different from the number used at 1 year post-transplant. None of the patients had significant proteinuria as a sign of hyperfiltration injury of the graft. There were no statistically significant increases in the maximal cranio-caudal length of the transplanted kidney(s) from 1 year post-transplant to follow-up; however, the en bloc kidneys tended to be larger than single paediatric grafts (240 ml and 204 ml) and adult-to-adult grafts (170 ml). CONCLUSION Paediatric kidneys transplanted to adults should be considered as excellent for transplantation on a long-term basis.
Multiple Representation of Linear Dielectric Response

Within the linear stimulus-response framework, dielectric responses of materials can be described in a dual way in terms of the complex dielectric constant e*(ω) and complex dielectric modulus M*(ω) (= 1/e*(ω)), both being defined as functions of angular frequency w. In a phenomenological sense, e*(ω) and M*(ω) are completely equivalent to each other. In this sense, a characteristic dielectric relaxation time t can be defined for either quantity. However, in many cases, t directly reflecting a slow molecular process(es) underlying the dielectric relaxation is defined for e*(ω) but not for M*(ω), which is similar to the situation for the viscoelastic modulus and compliance, G*(ω) and J*(ω), the former often serving as the fundamental quantity detecting the slow molecular process. Focusing on some examples, this article discusses the duality in the representation of the dielectric responses and the superiority of e*(ω) compared to M*(ω).
Testing predator–prey theory using broad‐scale manipulations and independent validation

Summary A robust test of ecological theory is to gauge the predictive accuracy of general relationships parameterized from multiple systems but applied to a new area. To address this goal, we used an ecosystem‐level experiment to test predator–prey theory by manipulating prey abundance to determine whether predation was density dependent, density independent, compensatory or depensatory (inversely density dependent) on prey populations. Understanding the nature of predation is of primary importance in community ecology because it establishes whether predation has little effect on prey abundance (compensatory), whether it promotes coexistence (density dependent) and reduces the equilibrium of prey (density independent) or whether it can be destabilizing (depensatory). We used theoretical predictions consisting of functional and numerical equations parameterized independently from meta‐analyses on wolves (Canis lupus) and moose (Alces alces), but applied to our specific wolf–moose system. Predictions were tested by experimentally reducing moose abundance across 6500 km2 as a novel way of evaluating the nature of predation. Depensatory predation of wolves on moose was the best explanation of the population dynamic – a mechanism that has been hypothesized to occur but has rarely been evaluated. Adding locally obtained kill rates and numerical estimates to the independent data provided no benefit to model predictions, suggesting that the theory was robust to local variation. These findings have critical implications for any organism that is preyed upon but that also has, or will be, subject to increased human exploitation or perturbations from environmental change. If depensatory predation is not accounted for in harvest models, predicted yields will be excessive and lead to further population decline.
Fabrication of Fully Inkjet-Printed Vias and SIW Structures on Thick Polymer Substrates

In this paper, a novel fully inkjet-printed via fabrication technology and various inkjet-printed substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structures on thick polymer substrates are presented. The electrical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are thoroughly studied up to 8 GHz utilizing the T-resonator method, and inkjet-printable silver nanoparticle ink on PMMA is characterized. A long via fabrication process up to 1 mm utilizing inkjet-printing technology is demonstrated, and its characteristics are presented for the first time. The inkjet-printed vias on 0.8-mm-thick substrate have a resistance of ~0.2. An equivalent circuit model of the inkjet-printed stepped vias is also discussed. An inkjet-printed microstrip-to-SIW interconnect and an SIW cavity resonator utilizing the proposed inkjet-printed via fabrication process are also presented. The design of the components and the fabrication steps are discussed, and the measured performances over the microwave frequency range of the prototypes are presented.
Evidence for two different modes of tripeptide disappearance in human intestine. Uptake by peptide carrier systems and hydrolysis by peptide hydrolases.

The intestinal fate of two tripeptides (triglycine and trileucine), which differ markedly in solubility and molecular weight, have been investigated by jejunal perfusion in healthy human volunteers. Rates of glycine or leucine uptake from test solutions containing triglycine or trileucine were greater than from test solutions containing corresponding amounts of free glycine or free leucine, respectively. The rate of glycine uptake from a 100 mM triglycine solution was greater than that from a 150 mM diglycine solution. At each infused load of triglycine (e.g., 1,000 mumol/min) the rates (micromoles/minutes per 30 cm) of either triglycine disappearance (810 +/- 40) or glycine absorption (2,208 +/- 122) were markedly greater than the luminal accumulation rates of either diglycine (56 +/- 10) or free glycine (110 +/- 18). The luminal accumulation rate of free leucine during infusion of a 5 mM trileucine solution was over threefold greater than that of free glycine during the infusion of a 5 mM triglycine solution. Luminal fluid exhibited no hydrolytic activity against triglycine, but contained some activity against trileucine. Saturation of free amino acid carrier system with a large load of leucine did not affect glycine absorption rate from a triglycine test solution, but isoleucine markedly inhibited the uptake from a trileucine solution. When the carrier system for dipeptides was saturated with a large amount of glycylleucine, the disappearance rate of triglycine was considerably reduced while that of trileucine remained unaffected. After addition of glycylleucine to tripeptide solutions, there was a minimal increase in the luminal accumulation of diglycine, while dileucine accumulation was incresed by 62-fold.
PRESIDIO: A Framework for Efficient Archival Data Storage

The ever-increasing volume of archival data that needs to be reliably retained for long periods of time and the decreasing costs of disk storage, memory, and processing have motivated the design of low-cost, high-efficiency disk-based storage systems. However, managed disk storage is still expensive. To further lower the cost, redundancy can be eliminated with the use of interfile and intrafile data compression. However, it is not clear what the optimal strategy for compressing data is, given the diverse collections of data. To create a scalable archival storage system that efficiently stores diverse data, we present PRESIDIO, a framework that selects from different space-reduction efficent storage methods (ESMs) to detect similarity and reduce or eliminate redundancy when storing objects. In addition, the framework uses a virtualized content addressable store (VCAS) that hides from the user the complexity of knowing which space-efficient techniques are used, including chunk-based deduplication or delta compression. Storing and retrieving objects are polymorphic operations independent of their content-based address. A new technique, harmonic super-fingerprinting, is also used for obtaining successively more accurate (but also more costly) measures of similarity to identify the existing objects in a very large data set that are most similar to an incoming new object. The PRESIDIO design, when reported earlier, had comprehensively introduced for the first time the notion of deduplication, which is now being offered as a service in storage systems by major vendors. As an aid to the design of such systems, we evaluate and present various parameters that affect the efficiency of a storage system using empirical data.
Takes Two to Tango : Monocyte and Macrophage Duality in the Infarcted Heart

It Takes Two to Tango: Monocyte and Macrophage Duality in the Infarcted Heart Print ISSN: 0009-7330. Online ISSN: 1524-4571 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114. 303933 2014;114:1558-1560 Circ Res. http://circres.ahajournals. org/content/114/10/1558 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Slice Sampling

Markov chain sampling methods that automatically adapt to characteristics of the distribution being sampled can be constructed by exploiting the principle that one can sample from a distribution by sampling uniformly from the region under the plot of its density function. A Markov chain that converges to this uniform distribution can be constructed by alternating uniform sampling in the vertical direction with uniform sampling from the horizontal `slice' defined by the current vertical position, or more generally, with some update that leaves the uniform distribution over this slice invariant. Variations on such `slice sampling' methods are easily implemented for univariate distributions, and can be used to sample from a multivariate distribution by updating each variable in turn. This approach is often easier to implement than Gibbs sampling, and more efficient than simple Metropolis updates, due to the ability of slice sampling to adaptively choose the magnitude of changes made. It is therefore attractive for routine and automated use. Slice sampling methods that update all variables simultaneously are also possible. These methods can adaptively choose the magnitudes of changes made to each variable, based on the local properties of the density function. More ambitiously, such methods could potentially allow the sampling to adapt to dependencies between variables by constructing local quadratic approximations. Another approach is to improve sampling efficiency by suppressing random walks. This can be done using `overrelaxed' versions of univariate slice sampling procedures, or by using `reflective' multivariate slice sampling methods, which bounce off the edges of the slice.