Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-label ReliefF and F-statistic feature selections for image annotation

The classical ReliefF and F-statistic feature selections can not be directly applied into multi-label problems due to the ambiguity produced from a data point attributed to multiple classes simultaneously. In this paper, we present MReliefF and MF-statistic algorithms for multi-label feature selections. Discriminant features are selected to boost the multi-label classification accuracy. The proposed MReliefF and MF-statistic can be used in image categorization and annotation problems. Extensive experiments on image annotation tasks show the good performance of our approach. To our knowledge, this is the first work to generalize the ReliefF and F-statistic feature selection algorithms for multi-label image annotation tasks.
Comparison of Microleakage of Two Materials Used as Fissure Sealants with Different Methods: An In Vitro Study

Background: Marginal seal has a principal role in durability and clinical success of fissure sealants. The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of two materials used as pit and fissure sealant with different methods of application. Methods: The 55 extracted premolars were assigned randomly to one of the following five groups: Group 1: Acid-etching (ultra-etch) + fissure sealant (conventional method), Group 2: Acid etching + bonding agent (single bond) + fissure sealant, Group 3: Self-etching primer + bonding agent (SE bond) + fissure sealant, Group 4: Acid-etching + bonding agent + flowable composite (Filtek flow), Grope 5: Self-etching primer + bonding agent + flowable composite. Following sealant placement, the teeth were thermocycled (3000 cycles; 5-55°C) and then immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h and then immersed in photo developing solution for 4 h under fluorescent light. The teeth were then sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction. Microleakage was scored using a stereomicroscope and a 4-criteria ranking/ordinal scale. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The result of tests showed that there were statistical differences between some groups. Groups 2 and 4 had the lowest and Groups 3 and 5 had the highest microleakage scores and a statistically significant difference could be displayed between them (P < 0.05). Mean microleakage in Group 4 was also significantly lower than in Group 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Using acid and a bonding agent prior to sealant placement seems to be the best technique for sealing pits and fissures.
The Myth of the Superuser: Fear, Risk, and Harm Online

Fear of the powerful computer user, "the Superuser," dominates debates about online conflict. This mythic figure is difficult to find, immune to technological constraints, and aware of legal loopholes. Policymakers, fearful of his power, too often overreact, passing overbroad, ambiguous laws intended to ensnare the Superuser, but which are used instead against inculpable, ordinary users. This response is unwarranted because the Superuser is often a marginal figure whose power has been greatly exaggerated. The exaggerated attention to the Superuser reveals a pathological characteristic of the study of power, crime, and security online, which springs from a widely-held fear of the Internet. Building on the social science fear literature, this Article challenges the conventional wisdom and standard assumptions about the role of experts. Unlike dispassionate experts in other fields, computer experts are as susceptible as lay-people to exaggerate the power of the Superuser, in part because they have misapplied Larry Lessig's ideas about code. The experts in computer security and Internet law have failed to deliver us from fear, resulting in overbroad prohibitions, harms to civil liberties, wasted law enforcement resources, and misallocated economic investment. This Article urges policymakers and partisans to stop using tropes of fear; calls for better empirical work on the probability of online harm; and proposes an anti-Precautionary Principle, a presumption against new laws designed to stop the Superuser.
Phase I Clinical Study of the Dietary Supplement, Agaricus blazei Murill, in Cancer Patients in Remission

Although many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine, including Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM), safety is not yet well understood. Cancer survivors took 1.8, 3.6, or 5.4 g ABM granulated powder (Kyowa Wellness Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) per day orally for 6 months. Adverse events were defined by subjective/objective symptoms and laboratory data according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (NCI-CTCAE v3.0). Seventy-eight patients were assessed for safety of ABM (30/24/24 subjects at 1/2/3 packs per day, resp.). Adverse events were observed in 9 patients (12%). Most were digestive in nature such as nausea and diarrhea, and one patient developed a liver dysfunction-related food allergy, drug lymphocyte product. However, none of these adverse events occurred in a dose-dependent manner. This study shows that ABM does not cause problems in most patients within laboratory parameters at the dosages tested over 6 months. This trial supports previous evidence that the ABM product is generally safe, excluding possible allergic reaction.
Hypoxia Imaging of Uterine Cervix Carcinoma With 18F-FETNIM PET/CT

Purpose Our aims were to assess the feasibility of imaging hypoxia in cervical carcinoma with 18F-fluoroerythronitroimidazole (18F-FETNIM) and to compare 18F-FETNIM uptake with metabolic uptake of 18F-FDG. Patients and Methods We included 16 patients with cervical carcinoma. After imaging with FDG, 18F-FETNIM PET/CT was performed and tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio uptake was assessed. 18F- FETNIM uptake was correlated to FDG uptake and osteopontin (OPN), a marker of hypoxia, and patients’ outcomes. Results All tumors were detected by 18F-FDG PET. 18F-FETNIM T/M ratios ranged from 1.3 to 5.4. There was no significant correlation between 18F-FETNIM and 18F-FDG uptake. High 18F-FETNIM uptake (T/M > 3.2) was associated with reduced progression-free survival (log-rank = 0.002) and overall survival (log-rank = 0.02). Osteopontin ranged from 39 to 662 &mgr;g/L (median, 102.5 &mgr;g/L). Patients with OPN greater than 144 &mgr;g/L had reduced progression-free survival compared with those with OPN less than 144 &mgr;g/L (log-rank = 0.03). We found no significant correlation between 18F-FETNIM uptake and OPN blood levels. Conclusions Our preliminary results showed that a high uptake of 18F-FETNIM was associated with a worse progression-free and overall survival.
DV-maxHop: A Fast and Accurate Range-Free Localization Algorithm for Anisotropic Wireless Networks

Localization awareness is a fundamental requirement in many Internet of Things (IoT) and other wireless sensor applications. The information transmitted by an individual entity or node is of limited use without the knowledge of its location. Research in this area is mostly geared towards multi-hop range-free localization algorithm as that only utilizes connectivity (neighbors) information. This work focuses on anchor-based, range-free localization algorithm, particularly in anisotropic networks. We observe that the pioneer Distance Vector Hop or DV-Hop algorithm, which provides accurate estimation in isotropic networks, can be enhanced to compute localization estimation for anisotropic networks with similar or comparable accuracy. The recently proposed algorithms for anisotropic networks are complex with communication and computational overheads. These algorithms may also be overkill for several location dependent protocols and applications. This paper proposes a scheme, called DV-maxHop, which reaches comparable accuracy quickly utilizing simpler, practical and proven variant of the DV-Hop algorithm. We evaluate the performance of our scheme using extensive simulation on several topologies under the effect of multiple anisotropic factors such as the existence of obstacles, sparse and non-uniform sensor distribution, and irregular radio propagation pattern. Even for isotropic networks, our scheme out-performed recent algorithms with lower computational overheads as well as reduced energy or communication cost due to its faster convergence. We also introduce the formulation and simulation of Multi-objective Optimization to obtain the optimal solution.
CAIS: A Copy Adjustable Incentive Scheme in Community-Based Socially Aware Networking

Socially aware networking (SAN) is a new communication paradigm, in which the social characteristics of mobile nodes are exploited to improve the performance of data distribution. In SAN, mobile carriers may exhibit selfish behaviors and refuse to relay messages for others for various reasons, such as limited resources (e.g., buffer, energy, and bandwidth) or social relationships. Several incentive schemes have recently been investigated to stimulate selfish users for cooperation in data forwarding. However, a majority of the existing methods have not fully studied nodes' social relationships in their selfish behaviors. In this paper, we propose a copy adjustable incentive scheme (CAIS), which adopts the virtual credit concept to stimulate selfish nodes to cooperate in data forwarding. In CAIS, we consider a network in which the nodes are divided into certain communities based on their social relationships. Then, we apply two types of credits, i.e., social credit and nonsocial credit, to reward the nodes when they relay data for other nodes inside their community or outsiders, respectively. Based on our mechanism, the number of messages a node can replicate to other nodes is adjusted according to its cooperation level and earned credits. To further improve the performance of CAIS, a single-copy data replication policy is employed, which manages the credit distribution of each node according to its available resources. The results of our extensive experiments using both synthetic and trace-driven simulations illustrate that CAIS copes well with node selfishness in community-based networks and outperforms other benchmark protocols with high data delivery ratio, low communication overhead, and short data delivery latency.
vGASA: Adaptive Scheduling Algorithm of Virtualized GPU Resource in Cloud Gaming

As the virtualization technology for GPUs matures, cloud gaming has become an emerging application among cloud services. In addition to the poor default mechanisms of GPU resource sharing, the performance of cloud games is inevitably undermined by various runtime uncertainties such as rendering complex game scenarios. The question of how to handle the runtime uncertainties for GPU resource sharing remains unanswered. To address this challenge, we propose vGASA, a virtualized GPU resource adaptive scheduling algorithm in cloud gaming. vGASA interposes scheduling algorithms in the graphics API of the operating system, and hence the host graphic driver or the guest operating system remains unmodified. To fulfill the service level agreement as well as maximize GPU usage, we propose three adaptive scheduling algorithms featuring feedback control that mitigates the impact of the runtime uncertainties on the system performance. The experimental results demonstrate that vGASA is able to maintain frames per second of various workloads at the desired level with the performance overhead limited to 5-12 percent.
Characterization of MODIS land albedo (MOD43) accuracy with atmospheric conditions in Africa

The MODIS albedo product (MOD43) provides estimates of spectral and broadband albedo for most of Earth's land masses. With 1 km spatial resolution and 16 day temporal resolution, this unique product can be used to set spatially and temporally dynamic boundary conditions in large scale models requiring surface energy fluxes. Nevertheless, the MODIS product does not provide estimates of actual "blue sky" albedo, which depends on irradiance conditions and is the quantity measured in the field. Instead, MOD43 provides theoretical white sky (bihemispherical) and black sky (directional-hemispherical) values. In practice, these values are linearly combined to estimate blue sky albedo using direct and diffuse irradiance estimates. In this study, we investigate the accuracy of MODIS Collection 003 albedo using tower-based albedo measurements collected over African savannas during SAFARI 2000. We calculate MODIS blue sky albedo using an online surface flux model that interfaces with daily sunphotometer data available from the AERONET program. We characterize albedo uncertainty as a function of spectral band, solar zenith angle and season (wet, dry). Our results suggest that the accuracy of our blue sky albedo is less than 2% (absolute), though seasonal biases and significant variance exist. An improved cloud filter likely reduces the variance
Self-definition: The impact of the relative performance and similarity of others.

One's self-definition is hypothesized to change, in the service of self-esteem maintenance, as a function of the relative performance and the psychological similarity (closeness) and dissimilarity (distance) of others. Specifically, a dimension should become less self-definitional if another performs better on that dimension, particularly if that other is psychologically similar. Fifty-two subjects were given an opportunity to perform on a "social sensitivity" task and an "esthetic judgment" task with an experimental confederate. Half of the subjects were led to believe (on the basis of pretest materials) that the confederate was very similar to them, i.e., close, and the remaining subjects were led to believe that the other was dissimilar, i.e., distant. Subjects found that they performed at the same level as the confederate on one of the tasks and that the confederate outperformed them on the other task. The dependent variable, self-definition, was measured by task choice, an interview regarding the self-definitional character of the two dimensions, and the subjects' self-descriptions on these dimensions. The hypothesis is supported on the choice and the self-description measures.
Decision making based on generalized geometric operator under interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment

An interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set Atanassov and Gargov, 1989 is one of the generalizations of fuzzy set theory. Since it is characterized by a membership range and a non-membership range, it is very useful in modeling real life problems. This study develops an approach to deal with the decision making problems in the context of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. First, the generalized interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric GIIFWG and generalized interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted geometric GIIFOWG operators are proposed to aggregate the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values. Then, the properties and special cases of these operators are studied in detail. Furthermore, an example is provided to illustrate the developed methods. The results reveal that different parameters of the aggregation operators may bring out different ranks of alternatives.
Behavioural and neural correlates of operant conditioning in Lymnaea stagnalis : role of previous experience during development /

The freshwater mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis was utilized in this study to further the understanding of how network properties change as a result of associative learning, and to determine whether or not this plasticity is dependent on previous experience during development. The respiratory and neural correlates of operant conditioning were first determined in normally reared Lymnaea. The same procedure was then applied to differentially reared Lymnaea, that is, animals that had never experienced aerial respiration during their development. The aim was to determine whether these animals would demonstrate the same responses to the training paradigm. In normally reared animals, a behavioural reduction in aerial respiration was accompanied by numerous changes within the neural network. Specifically, I provide evidence of changes at the level of the respiratory central pattern generator and the motor output. In the differentially reared animals, there was little behavioural data to suggest learning and memory. There were, however, significant differences in the network parameters, similar to those observed in normally reared animals. This demonstrated an effect of operant conditioning on differentially reared animals. In this thesis, I have identified additional correlates of operant conditioning in normally reared animals and provide evidence of associative learning in differentially reared animals. I conclude plasticity is not dependent on previous experience, but is rather ontogenetically programmed within the neural network.
High frequency of cephalic neural crest cells shows coexistence of neurogenic, melanogenic, and osteogenic differentiation capacities

The neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate innovation that distinguishes vertebrates from other chordates and was critical for the development and evolution of a “New Head and Brain. ” In early vertebrates, the NC was the source of dermal armor of fossil jawless fish. In extant vertebrates, including mammals, the NC forms the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, and the cartilage and bone of the face. Here, we show that in avian embryos, a large majority of cephalic NC cells (CNCCs) have the ability to differentiate into cell types as diverse as neurons, melanocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Moreover, we find that the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh) acts on CNCCs to increase endochondral osteogenesis while having no effect on osteoblasts prone to membranous ossification. We have developed culture conditions that demonstrate that “neural–mesenchymal” differentiation abilities are present in more than 90% of CNCCs. A highly multipotent progenitor (able to yield neurons, glia, melanocytes, myofibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteocytes) comprises 7–13% of the clonogenic cells in the absence and presence of Shh, respectively. This progenitor is a good candidate for a cephalic NC stem cell.
Statistical limits of spiked tensor models

We study the statistical limits of both detecting and estimating a rank-one deformation of a symmetric random Gaussian tensor. We establish upper and lower bounds on the critical signal-to-noise ratio, under a variety of priors for the planted vector: (i) a uniformly sampled unit vector, (ii) i.i. d. $\pm 1$ entries, and (iii) a sparse vector where a constant fraction $\rho$ of entries are i.i. d. $\pm 1$ and the rest are zero. For each of these cases, our upper and lower bounds match up to a $1+o(1)$ factor as the order $d$ of the tensor becomes large. For sparse signals (iii), our bounds are also asymptotically tight in the sparse limit $\rho \to 0$ for any fixed $d$ (including the $d=2$ case of sparse PCA). Our upper bounds for (i) demonstrate a phenomenon reminiscent of the work of Baik, Ben Arous and Peche: an `eigenvalue' of a perturbed tensor emerges from the bulk at a strictly lower signal-to-noise ratio than when the perturbation itself exceeds the bulk; we quantify the size of this effect. We also provide some general results for larger classes of priors. In particular, the large $d$ asymptotics of the threshold location differs between problems with discrete priors versus continuous priors. Finally, for priors (i) and (ii) we carry out the replica prediction from statistical physics, which is conjectured to give the exact information-theoretic threshold for any fixed $d$. Of independent interest, we introduce a new improvement to the second moment method for contiguity, on which our lower bounds are based. Our technique conditions away from rare `bad' events that depend on interactions between the signal and noise. This enables us to close $\sqrt{2}$-factor gaps present in several previous works.
The linkage role of LMX : a mediating effect of LMX on the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and OCB

In this study, we developed a model that captured the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) on the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). The results from a survey of 203 leader-follower dyads indicated that both transformational leadership behaviors and a multidimensional LMX construct have effects on the performance of followers and on their OCB. Most important, the four-dimension view of LMX mediated the relationship between transformational leadership behaviors and followers’ performance and OCB. Limitations and future research were discussed.
Genetic landscape of a case of extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma

The present report aimed to study genetic alterations underlying extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (EPSPC), which have not previously been systematically investigated. A case of EPSPC was identified, and its genetic alterations were assessed by combining comparative genomic hybridization and whole-exome sequencing technologies to investigate the genomic landscape, including copy number variations and mutations in EPSPC. It was found that a large number of germline mutations were present, which may have predisposed the patient to the occurrence of this disease. Copy number gains were found in a range of chromosomes, including 4q, 5q, 8q, 10q, 15q, 16p, 18q, 20p, 20q and Xq. Large-scale copy number loss occurred in chromosomes 2p, 13q, 16q, 17p and 17q. Through use of whole-exome sequencing, germline mutations were widely found that were associated with cancer development, including mutations in the BRCA1, DNA repair associated (BRCA1), BRCA2, tumor protein 53, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, matrix metalloproteinases and ADAM metallopeptidase domain-containing genes. In addition, 165 somatic mutations, including 52 missense mutations and 7 short insertions or deletions, were also identified. In summary, the EPSPC was undergoing profound genomic rearrangement and somatic mutation, which may have led to its initiation and development, and the present study discussed the genetic basis of this highly malignant cancer.