Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community‐based judgements of juvenile offence seriousness

This paper is concerned with community‐based judgements of the seriousness of juvenile offences. Each of the items on Mak's (1993) Australian Self‐Reported Delinquency Scale was judged by 13 police officers, 14 high school teachers, 12 lawyers and 15 psychology students. Results indicated that many offences were regarded as rather serious. For those offences judged to be the most serious, group ratings were very similar. In contrast for offences that were rated as least serious, there was considerable disagreement among groups. In particular, police and teachers judged some of the minor offences to be significantly more serious than the other groups. These findings are discussed in terms of the negative consequences of viewing delinquent behaviours as ‘serious’.
Correction: Transcriptional Dynamics of Immortalized Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Transformation

The images for Figures 1 and 2 are incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Figure 1 should be Figure 2, and the image that appears as Figure 2 should be Figure 1. The figure legends appear in the correct order. In the section entitled “Validation of RNA-Seq”, S2 Fig should be referenced instead of S1 Fig. Additionally, the files linked to S1 Fig and the file linked to S2 Fig are incorrect. The file linked to S1 Fig should be the file linked to S2 Fig, and the file linked to S2 Fig should be the file linked to S1 Fig.
Patterns and Processes of Larval Emergence in an Estuarine Parasite System

Trematode parasites in intertidal estuaries experience constantly varying conditions, with the presence or absence of water potentially limiting larval transport between hosts. Given the short life spans (≤24 h) of cercariae, emergence timing should be optimized to enhance the probability of successful transmission. In the present study, field measurements and laboratory experiments identified processes that regulate the emergence of cercariae from their first intermediate snail hosts in an intertidal marsh. Larvae emerged over species-specific temperature ranges, exclusively during daylight hours, and only when snails were submerged. The three factors operate over different temporal scales: temperature monthly, light diurnally (24-h period), and water depth tidally (12-h period). Each stimulus creates a necessary condition for the next, forming a hierarchy of environmental cues. Emergence as the tide floods would favor transport within the estuary, and light may trigger direct (downward or upward) swimming toward host habitats. Abbreviated dispersal would retain asexually reproduced cercariae within the marsh, and local mixing would diversify the gene pool of larvae encysting on subsequent hosts. In contrast to the timing of cercarial release, emergence duration was under endogenous control. Duration of emergence decreased from sunrise to sunset, perhaps in response to the diminishing lighted interval as the day progresses. Circadian rhythms that control cercarial emergence of freshwater species (including schistosomes) are often set by the activity patterns of subsequent hosts. In this estuary, however, the synchronizing agent is the tides. Together, exogenous and endogenous factors control emergence of trematode cercariae, mitigating the vagaries of an intertidal environment.
Cardiac and renal function are progressively impaired with aging in Zucker diabetic fatty type II diabetic rats

This study investigated the temporal relationship between cardiomyopathy and renal pathology in the type II diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. We hypothesized that changes in renal function will precede the development of cardiac dysfunction in the ZDF rat. Animals (10 weeks old) were divided into four experimental groups: Lean Control (fa/? ) LC (n = 7), untreated ZDF rats (n = 7) sacrificed at 16 weeks of age, and LC (n = 7) untreated ZDF rats (n = 9) sacrificed at 36 weeks of age. LV structural/functional parameters were assessed via Millar conductance catheter. Renal function was evaluated via markers of proteinuria and evidence of hydronephrosis. LV mass was significantly less in the ZDF groups at both time points compared to age-matched LC. End diastolic volume was increased by 16% at 16 weeks and by 37% at 36 weeks of age (p < 0.05 vs. LC). End diastolic pressure and end systolic volume were significantly increased (42% and 27% respectively) at 36 weeks of age in the ZDF compared to LC. Kidney weights were significantly increased at both 16 and 36 week in ZDF animals (p < 0.05 vs. LC). Increased urinary albumin and decreased urinary creatinine were paralleled by a marked progression in the severity of hydronephrosis from 16 to 36 weeks of age in the ZDF group. In summary, there is evidence of progressive structural and functional changes in both the heart and kidney, starting as early as 16 weeks, without evidence that one pathology precedes or causes the other in the ZDF model of type II diabetes.
Initial evidence for the criterion-related and structural validity of the long versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire

Abstract The aim of the present study was to develop and initially validate a longer version of the direct (Jowett & Ntoumanis, 2004) and meta-perspectives (Jowett, 2009a, 2009b) of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). In Study 1, instruments (e.g. questionnaires, scales, and inventories) that have been used to assess relationship quality in the broader psychological literature were examined and items potentially relevant to the coach–athlete relationship were identified. The content validity of the identified items was then assessed using expert panels. A final questionnaire was subsequently prepared and administered to 693 participants (310 coaches and 383 athletes). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the multidimensional nature of the questionnaire based on the 3Cs (i.e. closeness, commitment, and complementarity) model of the coach–athlete relationship. The findings indicated that the direct and meta-perspective items of the long versions of the CART-Q approached an adequate data fit. Moreover, evidence for the internal consistency and criterion validity of the new instruments was also obtained. In Study 2, the newly developed measure was administered to an independent sample of 251 individuals (145 athletes and 106 coaches). Further statistical support was gained for the factorial validity and reliability of the longer version of the CART-Q.
A Dose of Reality: Understanding the Origin of the Theory/Practice Dichotomy in Teacher Education from the Students' Point of View

Les programmes de formation des enseignants sont parfois a l'origine de preconceptions chez les etudiants. Afin d'accroitre l'impact des preparations professionnelles, les AA. preconisent une bonne connaissance des idees des etudiants. Ils interrogent un echantillon d'etudiants afin de connaitre leurs sentiments sur leur formation et sur l'adequation de celle-ci a leurs besoins professionnels
Resistive Switching Mechanism of Oxygen-Rich Indium Tin Oxide Resistance Random Access Memory

This letter investigates the double-ended resistive switching characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) resistance random access memory (RRAM). Resistive switching can be achieved around both the active TiN electrode and the inert Pt electrode. In addition, complementary resistance switching (CRS) characteristics can be observed without current compliance during dc voltage sweep operations. Electrical measurement data fitting results indicate that the oxygen-rich ITO near top and bottom electrodes works as a double-ended resistive switching layer. Based on the analysis of the current conduction mechanism, we propose a physical model to interpret the CRS behaviors in ITO RRAM devices.
Recreationists’ Constraints Negotiation Process for Continual Leisure Engagement

Unlike prospective participants with desire for initial participation, current participants are likely to have different interest in habitual leisure engagement from participation itself. Accordingly, they may respond to the effects of leisure constraints differently in order to progress toward a higher level of leisure involvement. This study aims to construct a theoretical framework that demonstrates how diverse components of current participants’ constraints negotiation process are conceptually connected to each other. Study results suggest that different negotiation strategies help current participants adjust their willingness to participate in the activity more frequently. Results also denote that the three dimensions of leisure constraints are differently associated with cognitive negotiation strategies, and commitment plays an important role in promoting the use of negotiation strategies to mitigate current participants’ perception of leisure constraints.
Behavioral Neuroscience

In the previous studies we have shown that the brain-spe-cifi c transcription factor NZF2b/7ZFMyt1 (Neural Zinc Finger Transcription Factor-2b/7-Zinc Finger Myelin Transcription Factor-1) is induced signifi cantly in the brain reward pathway after chronic cocaine administration and may play a key role in regulating the locomotor effects of cocaine (Chandrasekar and Dreyer, 2010). Expressed predominantly in the developing CNS, neural precursors and some subpopulations of mature neurons NZF-2b/7ZFMyt1 is also expressed in developing oligodendrocytes and tightly regulates expression of several mye-lin-specifi c gene products, such as PLP1, MAL2, etc. (Armstrong et al., 1995; Nielsen et al., 2004). NZF2b/7ZFMyt1 interacts with the co-repressor Sin3B and actively recruits HDAC1 and HDAC2 to specifi c genes (Romm et al., 2005). To further understand the role of NZF2b/7ZFMyt1, we investigated its effects on modulating cocaine self-infusion in rats. For this purpose, we manipulated NZF2b/7ZFMyt1 expression levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) using lentivirus-mediated overex-pression or silencing. First we studied the effects of this manipulation on cocaine self-administration. Second, we observed that this altered behavior is mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is recruited by NZF2b/7ZFMyt1 for suppression of gene expression (Romm et al., 2005). Third we found differential expression changes in several downstream target genes after NZF2b/7ZFMyt1 regulation , a possible result from epigenetic modifi cation after cocaine
Isl1 Expression at the Venous Pole Identifies a Novel Role for the Second Heart Field in Cardiac Development

The right ventricle and outflow tract of the developing heart are derived from mesodermal progenitor cells from the second heart field (SHF). SHF cells have been characterized by expression of the transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1). Although Isl1 expression has also been reported in the venous pole, the specific contribution of the SHF to this part of the heart is unknown. Here we show that Isl1 is strongly expressed in the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion (DMP), a non–endocardially-derived mesenchymal structure involved in atrioventricular septation. We further demonstrate that abnormal development of the SHF-derived DMP is associated with the pathogenesis of atrioventricular septal defects. These results identify a novel role for the SHF.
Psychological Effects of Aerobic Fitness Training: Research and Theory

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1992, Vol 37(8), 827. Reviews the book, Psychological Effects of Aerobic Fitness Training: Research and Theory by David G. McDonald and James A. Hodgdon (see record 1991-98380-000). While noting the increased attention to the long
Naming action in Japanese: Effects of semantic similarity and grammatical class

This study investigated whether the semantic similarity and grammatical class of distracter words affects the naming of pictured actions (verbs) in Japanese. Three experiments used the picture-word interference paradigm with participants naming picturable actions while ignoring distracters. In all three experiments, we manipulated the semantic similarity between distracters and targets (similar vs. dissimilar verbs) and the grammatical class of semantically dissimilar distracters (verbs, verbal nouns, and also nouns in Experiment 3) in addition to task demands (single word naming vs. phrase/sentence generation). While Experiment 1 used visually presented distracters, Experiment 2 and 3 used auditory distracter words to rule out possible confounding factors of orthography (kanji vs. hiragana). We found the same results for all three experiments: robust semantic interference in the absence of any effects of grammatical class. We discuss the lack of grammatical class effects in terms of structural characteristics of the Japanese language.
The Capital Structure of Insurers: Theory and Evidence

This paper develops and tests a theory of insurers' choice of the mix of equity and liabilities. We first develop the simplest model of an insurance market with costly equity, in a two-period setting. For equity to have any role in an insurance market there must be aggregate uncertainty, or dependence among insured risks; the absence of a law of large numbers means that equity is necessary to back up promises to pay claims in the event of adverse realizations of aggregate shocks. Accordingly, the key comparative static issue that we focus on is the impact of increasing aggregate uncertainty. We consider separately the cases of aggregate uncertainty in the loss incurred conditional upon an accident and uncertainty in the probability of an accident (i.e. dependence among the events of individual accidents). If the former case, the total equity issued by a competitive insurance market is increasing in the degree of uncertainty (and linear in a parameterized example). In the latter case, equity may be increasing then decreasing as a function of uncertainty. In both cases, the ratio of equity to revenue is increasing in uncertainty. We test the model, as well as implications of recent models of insurance market dynamics, on a cross-section of U.S. property-liability insurers. While the theory is developed for competitive markets, by assuming that each insurer is operating in one or more competitive markets, we can use firm-level data in the tests. This paper uses for the first time, to our knowledge, a sample of 1155 U.S. property- liability stock insurance companies in a study of capital structure. The focus is on tests of two hypotheses. The first is the implication of the static model, that leverage is decreasing in aggregate uncertainty. The second is an implication of previous dynamic models of competitive insurance markets (Gron (1994) and Winter (1994)) that external equity is more costly than internal equity -- specifically that there is a positive cost to the ``round- trip'' of distributing an amount of cash then raising the same amount in external equity. Previous tests of this implication focus on insurance pricing, that the error in premiums as predictors of subsequent claims rather than being white noise should be correlated with the current stock of equity. These tests thus center on the dynamic behavior of insurance premiums. The empirical analysis here is complementary, based not on prices but directly on capital structure decisions. The paper also offers a link between the recent insurance market literature and corresponding empirical results in tests of capital structure for non-financial corporations: Titman and Wessels (1988) and Rajan and Zingales (1994) find negative relationships between leverage and past profitability; an explicit dynamic theory and tests are offered by Fischer, Heinkel and Zechner (1989).
Expression and Self-Assembly of Norwalk Virus Capsid Protein from Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicons

ABSTRACT The Norwalk virus (NV) capsid protein was expressed using Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP-NV1). VRP-NV1 infection resulted in large numbers of recombinant NV-like particles that were primarily cell associated and were indistinguishable from NV particles produced from baculoviruses. Mutations located in the N-terminal and P1 domains of the NV capsid protein ablated capsid self-assembly in mammalian cells.
Effect of mobility on (IV) characteristics of GaAs MESFET

We present in this paper an analytical model of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for submicron GaAs MESFET transistors. This model takes account the analysis of the charge distribution in the active region and incorporate a field depended electron mobility, velocity saturation and charge build-up in the channel. We propose In this framework an algorithm of simulation based on mathematical expressions obtained previously. The results obtained of the model are discussed and compared with those of the experimental data reading obtained from the literature [1], The agreement has been shown to be good.
Effect of diaphragmatic breathing training with visual biofeedback on respiratory function in patients with multiple rib fractures: A randomized-controlled study

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training with visual biofeedback on respiratory function in patients with multiple rib fractures. Patients and methods Between June 2021 and October 2021, a total of 16 patients (15 males, 1 female; mean age: 49.50±11.85 years; range, 25 to 66 years) who were diagnosed with multiple rib fractures were randomly assigned into two groups as the control group (CG, n=8) and the visual biofeedback group (VBG, n=8). The effect of each diaphragmatic breathing training on respiratory function was evaluated before and after eight interventions. For respiratory function, pulmonary function test was used to measure pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength, and the Pain, Inspiratory capacity, Cough (PIC) score was used to evaluated pain, inspiratory capacity, and cough ability. Results In both groups, the pulmonary function representing the ratio of measurements to predicted values of both forced vital capacity (CG mean difference=25.37±4.58, p=0.002, VBG mean difference=24.25±3.96, p=0.007) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (CG mean difference=32.38±5.7, p=0.002, VBG mean difference=26.15±5.73, p <0.001) increased significantly. The maximal inspiratory (CG mean difference=14.00±0.35, p=0.002, VBG mean difference=20.5±6.26, p=0.009) and expiratory pressure (CG mean difference=43.72±29.44, p=0.034, VBG mean difference=25.76±6.78, p=0.015), the indicators of respiratory muscle strength, increased significantly in both groups. The PIC score, which evaluated pain, inspiratory capacity, and cough ability, also increased significantly in both groups (CG mean difference=1.63±0.26, p≤0.001, VBG mean difference=3.13±0.19, p <0.001). The change of PIC score after intervention did not significantly differ between the groups (F=1.439, p=0.250); however, there was a significant difference over time (F=38.476, p <0.001). The change of PIC scores differed over time between the groups (F=2.806 p=0.011). Conclusion Diaphragmatic breathing training and diaphragmatic breathing training with visual biofeedback can improve pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, pain, inspiratory capacity, and cough ability in patients with multiple rib fractures.
The Accuracy and Bias of Interpersonal Perceptions in Intergroup Interactions

Group membership can have a profound impact on perceptions of group characteristics; yet how group membership influences the accuracy of personality impressions for specific individuals remains unclear. In small groups, participants (N = 519) formed impressions via naturalistic, dyadic interactions. We then investigated whether impressions of in-group members differed from out-group members based on participant’s ethnicity and acculturation (Euro-Canadian, Acculturated East Asian, or Semi-Acculturated East Asian). Impressions of in-group members were more distinctively accurate and individuated. Further, in-group members were viewed with greater distinctive assumed similarity in that perceivers used their own idiosyncratic traits more when forming impressions of in-group members. However, in-group members, despite being liked more, were viewed less socially desirable. Discussion focuses on cultural differences in impressions and implications for in-group favoritism, in-group self-anchoring, and the out-group homogeneity effect for North Americans and East Asians.
Philosophically Correct Science Stories? Examining the Implications of Heroic Science Stories for School Science

Some people think that science is a set of facts that can be presented in plain and unadorned language. This fosters a belief that science has few stories. Actually, stories are very important in school science. In an examination of science textbooks, I have identified four different types of science stories which I call (a) heroic, (b) discovery, (c) declarative, and (d) politically correct. Each of these types of story promotes a particular set of philosophical assumptions about science. These assumptions are pre- sented implicitly within the framework of the story as truths of science. This article specifically examines the philosophical assumptions that underpin heroic science stories and the implications of these stories in the discursive practices of the school science classroom. As teachers, we need to be critically aware of these assumptions, since they may be at odds with our beliefs about knowledge and our preferred teach- ing practices. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 175-187, 1998.
Rebellion and revenge: the meaning of suicide of women in rural China

The current literature on suicide in China shows that the female suicide rate is extraordinarily higher than the rate for males. Many studies have been conducted on the prevalence and perpetrating factors for suicidal incidents. Few have attempted to understand women’s suicide acts. In this article, the ethnographic data are used to explore the special meaning of the suicide act in a Chinese family and its impact on the other family members. Research has shown that suicide may have a different meaning in the Chinese context, especially for women with an inferior status within the family. Suicide is taken as an act of revenge in a moral and spiritual sense. The act of suicide is very powerful; it grants the woman so much power that she may achieve what she could not during her lifetime. The suicide event remains in the collective memory of the relatives and other people who knew the person. Its powerful meaning is related to the memory of the transgressive event of taking one’s own life as well as to the collective and personal guilt connected with the event.
Mergers in Higher Education: A Strategic Analysis

This paper looks at recent mergers in higher education from a strategic management perspective. It is based on private research undertaken for a dissertation in completion of an MBA degree in 1996. The objectives of the study included the discovery and analysis of merger input factors and process variables, and an assessment of the contribution of both towards an effective outcome. The paper considers similarities and differences between mergers in higher education and as a whole. The process included structured interviews with senior management in two universities, which helped to develop a census survey of incidents involving an HE partner between 1987 and 1994. The incidents included mergers with further education colleges, other HE institutions, and colleges of health.