Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Okul Deneyimi II Dersine Yönelik Öğrenci Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi (Mersin Üniversitesi Örneği)

Bu arastirmanin amaci, Okul Deneyimi II dersinin isleyisini, egitim fakultesi son sinif ogrencilerinin bakis acisiyla ortaya koymaktir. Arastirmanin evrenini, Mersin Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi’nde, Okul Deneyimi II dersini alan tum bolumler (5 bolum, 122 kiz, 84 erkek, toplam 206 ogrenci) olusturmaktadir. Okul Deneyimi II dersine yonelik ogrenci goruslerinin incelenmesi amaciyla, arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen ve 41 sorudan olusan Okul Deneyimi II: Ogrenci Gorusleri Anketi isimli anket kullanilmistir. Arastirmadan elde edilen veriler uzerinde istatistiksel analiz olarak aritmetik ortalama (X); frekans (f) ve yuzde (%) yapilmistir. Bulgulara gore, ogretmen adaylarinin Okul Deneyimi II dersini egitim programlari icinde onemli bir noktada gorduklerine ve uygulama ogretmenlerine, uygulama okullarina ve uygulama ogretim elemanlarina karsi, dersin yurutulmesi konusunda olumsuz gorus tasidiklarina ulasilmistir.
The fidelity of formative assessment implementation: issues of breadth and quality

The paper examines the breadth and quality of formative assessment implementation of 202 mathematics and science teachers who participated in a two-year, school-based professional development programme that focused on formative assessment. Results are triangulated using three sources of data: baseline and end-of-Year 2 data from an annual survey, logs that were completed daily at six two-week time points and reflections on formative assessment techniques that the teachers wrote weekly during the log collection periods. The data indicate that while teachers made significant improvements in some areas, certain aspects of formative assessment are less emphasised and there are some patterns around quality of implementation that suggest more targeted professional development is warranted.
Most People Are Happy

Myers and Diener (1995) asked “Who is happy? ” but examined the question of who is more and who is less happy In fact, most people report a positive level of subjective well-being (SWB), and say that they are satisfied with domains such as marriage, work, and leisure People in disadvantaged groups on average report positive well-being, and measurement methods in addition to self-report indicate that most people's affect is primarily pleasant Cross-national data suggest that there is a positive level of SWB throughout the world, with the possible exception of very poor societies In 86% of the 43 nations for which nationally representative samples are available the mean SWB response was above neutral Several hypotheses to explain the positive levels of SWB are discussed
Disseminated cryptococcosis in man: decreased lymphocyte transformation in response to Cryptococcus neoformans.

Heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-like fungus, was used to stimulate in-vitro incorporation of thymidine by human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from control subjects previously exposed to cryptococci (positive skin tests) had significantly higher uptake of thymidine than cells from unexposed control subjects (negative skin tests). Uptake by lymphocytes from successfully treated patients with cryptococcosis was low when compared with that of exposed control subjects. It is suggested that defective function of lymphocytes may reflect increased susceptibility to cryptococcal infection in some patients with cryptococcosis without any other known predisposing factors. Delayed hypersensitivity to cryptococcal antigens, as measured by skin tests, is not rare and appears to reflect subclinical cryptococcosis [1-3]. This apparent high resistance to cryptococcosis in normal subjects suggests that patients with cryptococcosis may have alterations in host defenses that predispose them to cryptococcal infection. As reviewed elsewhere, cellular host defenses against Cryptococcus neoformans appear to be of greater importance than humoral defenses [4]. Previous studies have indicated normal in-vitro function of neutrophils and monocytes from patients with cryptococcosis. Defective transformation of lymphocytes has been correlated with certain clinical forms of histoplasmosis [5] and candidiasis [6], but lymphocyte transformation in cryptococcosis has never been studied. In the present study, skin tests were used to define who among a group of normal volunteers had been exposed to cryptococcus. Lymphocytes from these exposed normal volunteers were tested for transformation in the presence of cryptococci. The results were compared with those obtained from patients with cryptococcosis.
The African Cichlid Fish Astatotilapia burtoni Uses Acoustic Communication for Reproduction: Sound Production, Hearing, and Behavioral Significance

Sexual reproduction in all animals depends on effective communication between signalers and receivers. Many fish species, especially the African cichlids, are well known for their bright coloration and the importance of visual signaling during courtship and mate choice, but little is known about what role acoustic communication plays during mating and how it contributes to sexual selection in this phenotypically diverse group of vertebrates. Here we examined acoustic communication during reproduction in the social cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. We characterized the sounds and associated behaviors produced by dominant males during courtship, tested for differences in hearing ability associated with female reproductive state and male social status, and then tested the hypothesis that female mate preference is influenced by male sound production. We show that dominant males produce intentional courtship sounds in close proximity to females, and that sounds are spectrally similar to their hearing abilities. Females were 2–5-fold more sensitive to low frequency sounds in the spectral range of male courtship sounds when they were sexually-receptive compared to during the mouthbrooding parental phase. Hearing thresholds were also negatively correlated with circulating sex-steroid levels in females but positively correlated in males, suggesting a potential role for steroids in reproductive-state auditory plasticity. Behavioral experiments showed that receptive females preferred to affiliate with males that were associated with playback of courtship sounds compared to noise controls, indicating that acoustic information is likely important for female mate choice. These data show for the first time in a Tanganyikan cichlid that acoustic communication is important during reproduction as part of a multimodal signaling repertoire, and that perception of auditory information changes depending on the animal's internal physiological state. Our results highlight the importance of examining non-visual sensory modalities as potential substrates for sexual selection contributing to the incredible phenotypic diversity of African cichlid fishes.
Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Changes in Bacterial Vaginosis Flora Following Metronidazole Treatment

ABSTRACT PCR was used to survey bacterial vaginosis flora before and after metronidazole treatment. The species composition for pretreatment patients was variable. Lactobacillus iners was prominent in all patients posttreatment. Atopobium vaginae concentrations were highest for patients who failed or responded incompletely to treatment and lowest for patients who were cured.
Burnout and the College Music Education Major

The inaugural Health Promotion in Schools of Music Conference occurred recently “to develop core materials for health promotion specifically for NASM school students, to increase NASM school administrators and faculty awareness of and ability to access resources for students, to develop unity, and to provide a foundation for future research and policy development” (Health Promotion in Schools of Music, 2004) in the areas of vocal, hearing, neuromusculoskeletal, and mental health. The conference’s panel of mental health care professionals stated that challenges facing current college music students may include anxiety and stress, depression, substance abuse, relationship management, and career issues (Raeburn et al., 2004). Support for this notion was reported by Kitzrow (2003), who found evidence of recent increases in the number of college students with severe psychological problems and in the demand for school counseling services. Additionally, a substantial body of research literature supports a syndrome of mental and physical burnout among members of the teaching profession (e.g., Vandenberghe & Huberman, 1999), including teachers of music (e.g., Scheib, 2004). When considering the combined sources of stress associated with general college life and teacher burnout, music education majors may have unique mental health needs. These majors observe practicing music educators and student teach in elementary and secondary schools, while simultaneously undergoing typical college experiences. However, in a national survey of 161 teacher education institutions, Kapel, Gerber, and Reiff (1988) found that most state accrediting agencies did not require evidence of mental fitness for future teachers. Despite a wealth of research regarding college student mental health and teacher burnout, less literature has been published regarding the mental health of college education majors, particularly in the field of music. The purpose of this article is to review research literature regarding burnout and general mental health and to consider the needs of music education majors as they progress through college and begin teaching careers. The review features studies of general teacher burnout, music teacher burnout, and college student mental health, including causes, prevention, and treatment of stress-related syndromes. Purposes, procedures, and results of these studies are described, and conclusions are formed regarding implications for students, professors, and administrators of music teacher education institutions.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences the Anatomy of Language: a Review of 100 Fmri Studies Published in 2009

In this review of 100 fMRI studies of speech comprehension and production, published in 2009, activation is reported for: prelexical speech perception in bilateral superior temporal gyri; meaningful speech in middle and inferior temporal cortex; semantic retrieval in the left angular gyrus and pars orbitalis; and sentence comprehension in bilateral superior temporal sulci. For incomprehensible sentences, activation increases in four inferior frontal regions, posterior planum temporale, and ventral supramarginal gyrus. These effects are associated with the use of prior knowledge of semantic associations, word sequences, and articulation that predict the content of the sentence. Speech production activates the same set of regions as speech comprehension but in addition, activation is reported for: word retrieval in left middle frontal cortex; articulatory planning in the left anterior insula; the initiation and execution of speech in left putamen, pre-SMA, SMA, and motor cortex; and for suppressing unintended responses in the anterior cingulate and bilateral head of caudate nuclei. Anatomical and functional connectivity studies are now required to identify the processing pathways that integrate these areas to support language.
Becoming a Committed Insider

In this paper I explore and exemplify the processes through which youngsters become committed insiders of countercultural youth groups and how under-aged (child) soldiers go through a similar process of transformation to become members of what I will call a ‘community of military terror’. Finally, I discuss the extent to which the experience of more extreme counter-cultural groups and communities can be accommodated into the ‘community of practice’ concept (Lave, 1988; Wenger, 1998), and, when not possible, the modifications needed to achieve accommodation.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF QUERCETIN, A FLAVONOID ANTIOXIDANT, IN ABSOLUTE ETHANOL-INDUCED ACUT GASTRIC ULCER

Free radicals have been reported to be responsible for many ailments including gastroduodenal ulcers. Recent studies demonstrated that quercetin (QE) has an antioxidant effects on injuries caused by various toxic agents in different experimental models. In our study, we examined anti-ulcerogen and antioxidant effects of quercetin on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. QE was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 50 mg/kg. It was found that pretreatment with QE significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric damage and malondialdehyde levels, and significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities. We conclude that QE clearly has antioxidant properties and that the protective effect of QE against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion, at least in part, depends upon the reduction in the lipid peroxidation and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
The mob as tumor suppressor Gene Is Essential for Early Development and Regulates Tissue Growth in Drosophila

Studies in Drosophila have defined a new growth inhibitory pathway mediated by Fat (Ft), Merlin (Mer), Expanded (Ex), Hippo (Hpo), Salvador (Sav)/Shar-pei, Warts (Wts)/Large tumor suppressor (Lats), and Mob as tumor suppressor (Mats), which are all evolutionarily conserved in vertebrate animals. We previously found that the Mob family protein Mats functions as a coactivator of Wts kinase. Here we show that mats is essential for early development and is required for proper chromosomal segregation in developing embryos. Mats is expressed at low levels ubiquitously, which is consistent with the role of Mats as a general growth regulator. Like mammalian Mats, Drosophila Mats colocalizes with Wts/Lats kinase and cyclin E proteins at the centrosome. This raises the possibility that Mats may function together with Wts/Lats to regulate cyclin E activity in the centrosome for mitotic control. While Hpo/Wts signaling has been implicated in the control of cyclin E and diap1 expression, we found that it also modulates the expression of cyclin A and cyclin B. Although mats depletion leads to aberrant mitoses, this does not seem to be due to compromised mitotic spindle checkpoint function.
Analysis of Hemicentin-1, hOgg1, and E-selectin single nucleotide polymorphisms in age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common disease in which both environmental and genetic factors have been implicated. Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been correlated, through candidate gene association studies, with age-related diseases, including AMD. Recently we identified an association between AMD and two SNPs in CX3CR1, which encodes a chemokine receptor. This study investigates the Hemicentin-1 (an extracellular matrix protein) Q5345R, hOgg1 (DNA repair gene) S326C, and E-selectin (an adhesion molecule) S149R SNPs in association with AMD. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 89 patients with advanced AMD, 97 age-matched controls without clinical AMD, and 170 random unscreened healthy volunteers. DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification coupled with the restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS The distribution of the Hemicentin-1 Q5345R, hOgg1 S326C, and E-selectin S149R SNPs did not differ significantly (all P values > .05) between the AMD patients and controls. Hemincentin-1 5345R was not found in any subject. hOgg1 326C allele frequency was 21.35% (38 of 178) in the AMD group compared with 19.12% (65 of 340) in the random controls and 19.59% (38 of 194) in the age-matched controls. E-selectin 149R allele frequencies were 8.99% (16 of 178) in AMD cases, 9.41% (32 of 340) in random controls, and 10.82% (21 of 194) in age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS We were not able to demonstrate an association between the Hemicentin-1, hOgg1, and E-selectin SNPs and AMD development in the currently available cases and controls. Further candidate genes, particularly those involved in extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and immune system functions, are currently being screened in our laboratory.
Does Baker-Miller pink reduce aggression in prison detention cells? A critical empirical examination

Many prisons across Western countries recently began to paint detention cells in Baker-Miller pink to calm down aggressive inmates. This recent development is based on early findings of more than 30 years ago suggesting that Baker-Miller pink reduces physical strength and thus aggressive behavior. In the present study we question the applied methods of the original studies and run a highly standardized and controlled experiment to test the influence of Baker-Miller pink on aggressive behavior. The results do not replicate the original findings and thus challenge the recent adoption in many prisons. Implications and limitations of the experiment are discussed.
Health and Illness in a Connected World: How Might Sharing Experiences on the Internet Affect People's Health?

Context The use of the Internet for peer-to-peer connection has been one of its most dramatic and transformational features. Yet this is a new field with no agreement on a theoretical and methodological basis. The scientific base underpinning this activity needs strengthening, especially given the explosion of web resources that feature experiences posted by patients themselves. This review informs a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (UK) research program on the impact of online patients’ accounts of their experiences with health and health care, which includes the development and validation of a new e-health impact questionnaire. Methods We drew on realist review methods to conduct a conceptual review of literature in the social and health sciences. We developed a matrix to summarize the results, which we then distilled from a wide and diverse reading of the literature. We continued reading until we reached data saturation and then further refined the results after testing them with expert colleagues and a public user panel. Findings We identified seven domains through which online patients’ experiences could affect health. Each has the potential for positive and negative impacts. Five of the identified domains (finding information, feeling supported, maintaining relationships with others, affecting behavior, and experiencing health services) are relatively well rehearsed, while two (learning to tell the story and visualizing disease) are less acknowledged but important features of online resources. Conclusions The value of first-person accounts, the appeal and memorability of stories, and the need to make contact with peers all strongly suggest that reading and hearing others’ accounts of their own experiences of health and illnesss will remain a key feature of e-health. The act of participating in the creation of health information (e.g., through blogging and contributing to social networking on health topics) also influences patients’ experiences and has implications for our understanding of their role in their own health care management and information.
Diverse media, uniform reports: An analysis of news coverage of the Cyprus problem by the Turkish Cypriot press

This article explores the representation of the Cyprus problem by the Turkish Cypriot press. Studying the news content of Turkish Cypriot daily newspapers from three periods of time, it highlights the discourses, strategies and practices deployed in the selection and treatment of events relating to the Cyprus issue. It produces a picture of current journalism practices that is characterised by lack of diversity, dependence on official sources and the dominance of nationalist discourses. The article goes on to question whether the Turkish Cypriot media can play a role in establishing a democratic, pluralistic society in North Cyprus and, as the peace process continues on the island, what role they might play in promoting peace between the bifurcated communities of the island.
First Nations Women’s Encounters with Mainstream Health Care Services

Health care encounters are important areas for study because they reflect social, political, economic, and ideological relations between patients and the dominant health care system. This study examines mainstream health care encounters from the viewpoint of First Nations women from a reserve community in northwestern Canada. Perspectives from critical medical anthropology and the concept of cultural safety provided the theoretical orientation for the study. Critical and feminist ethnographic approaches were used to guide in-depth interviews conducted with 10 First Nations women. Findings were organized around two broad themes that characterized women’s descriptions of “invalidating” and “affirming” encounters. These narratives revealed that women’s encounters were shaped by racism, discrimination, and structural inequities that continue to marginalize and disadvantage First Nations women. The women’s health care experiences have historical, political, and economic significance and are reflective of wider postcolonial relations that shape their everyday lives.
Effects of Residential Treatment on Adjudicated Delinquents: A Meta-Analysis

Recent trends toward a more punitive approach to juvenile crime have been heavily influenced by a body of review literature that reports that the traditional treatment approach is ineffective. The opinion that “nothing works” is largely based on reviews of the treatment literature. These reviews generally fail to document the amount of change associated with treatment. A meta-analysis of the primary research literature produced since 1960 was undertaken to assess the amount of change associated with various treatments of adjudicated delinquents. There were 111 studies identified that used a comparison group or pre-post design. Results indicated that treatment of adjudicated delinquents resulted in a positive change of . 37 standard deviations. No consistent evidence on the relative efficacy of behavioral versus psychodynamic approaches was found. Recidivism was modestly reduced; institutional adjustment, psychological adjustment, and academic performance were all improved following treatment. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that treatment of adjudicated delinquents in an institutional or community residential setting does “work. ”
University of Birmingham Sydney 2000: The interplay between emotions, coping, and the performance of Olympic-level athletes

Drawing upon the Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory of Emotion (Lazarus, 1991, 1999, 2000) and Hanin’s (1993, 2000) conceptualization of emotions, the purpose of this study was threefold. First, the reported content, frequency, and intensity of emotions experienced by 61 athletes in relation to a stressful event when competing in the 2000 Olympic Games were determined. Second, the relationships between emotional responses and reported coping strategies and perceived coping effectiveness were examined. Finally, the degree to which emotions and perceived coping effectiveness predicted subjective and objective performance during the Olympics was ascertained. In general, the athletes experienced a high frequency of optimizing emotions. Optimizing emotions were related to coping effectiveness, which emerged as a positive predictor of objective competitive results. Coping effectiveness also positively predicted subjective performance while reported dysfunctional emotions emerged as a negative predictor.