Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The formation of the coronal flow/ADAF

We develop a new method to describe the accretion flow in the corona above a thin disk around a black hole in vertical and radial extent. The model is based on the same physics as the earlier one-zone model, but now modified including inflow and outflow of mass, energy and angular momentum from and towards neighboring zones. We determine the radially extended coronal flow for different mass flow rates in the cool disk resulting in the truncation of the thin disk at different distance from the black hole. Our computations show how the accretion flow gradually changes to a pure vertically extended coronal or advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). Different regimes of solutions are discussed. For some cases wind loss causes an essential reduction of the mass flow.
Carbon constrains fungal endophyte assemblages along the timberline.

The alpha diversity of foliar fungal endophytes (FEs) in leaves of Betula ermanii in a subalpine timberline ecotone on Changbai Mountain, China increased with elevation. There were also significant differences in beta diversity along the elevation gradient. Among the environmental variables analysed, leaf carbon significantly increased with elevation, and was the most significant environmental factor that constrained the alpha and beta diversity in the FE communities. Tree height and the cellulose, lignin, and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the leaves also affected the FE assemblages. When controlled for the effects of elevation, leaf carbon was still the main driver of changes in evenness, Shannon diversity and FE community composition. The results offered clues of the carbon acquisition strategy of the foliar FEs across this cold terrain. There was strong multicollinearity between both annual precipitation and temperature, with elevation (|Pearson r| > 0.986), so the effects of these climatic variables were impossible to separate; however, they may play key roles, and the direct effects of both warrant further investigation. As pioneer decomposers of leaf litter, variations in diversity and community composition of FE measured here may feedback and influence carbon cycling and dynamics in these forest ecosystems.
How to Design Your Project in the Online Crowdfunding Market? Evidence from Kickstarter

Raising money in the online crowdfunding market is an important way for start-up enterprises to start their entrepreneurial projects. However, how to help creators design their projects in this market is still an open and very realistic issue. In this study, we collect a unique dataset from Kickstarter (a leading crowdfunding platform in the U.S.) to examine the impacts of reward scheme related and unrelated factors on projects’ crowdfunding performance based on solid theories. We use a Heteroscedasticity-based instrument method to solve the endogeneity of backing price. We found that a project creator can raise more money in the crowdfunding market if he/she sets a bit higher maximum backing price; lists relative fewer reward tiers in their reward schemes; publishes well designed project homepage; and communicates with backers as much as possible during the project’s survival time. We also discuss the implications for project design in this market.
Previous intrapleural procedures do not adversely affect lung transplantation.

BACKGROUND Initially a previous intrapleural procedure causing a partially or completely fused pleural space represented a contraindication to lung transplantation. However, as experience with transplantation increased, particularly in patients with septic lung diseases who frequently have pleural adhesions, a previous intrapleural procedure became a relative rather than an absolute contraindication. The "clam shell" incision, which allows better control of the pleural spaces than a median sternotomy, contributed to this change. METHODS The outcome of 18 patients with a previous intrapleural procedure was compared with 18 paired controls without previous surgery involving the transplanted pleural space. RESULTS Five study patients had a predictably fused pleural space from their previous surgery, and four had extensive adhesions (major previous intrapleural procedures). The nine patients with minor previous intrapleural procedures had undergone more limited intrapleural procedures (open lung biopsy or chest tube drainage of a pneumothorax). There was no statistically significant trend for the operating time, blood loss, transfusion requirements, time intubated, and intensive care unit stay to be greater in the study population than in the controls. However, the major previous intrapleural procedure patients were younger, required longer cardiopulmonary bypass, and had a longer intensive care unit stay. The 6- and 12-month forced expiratory volumes in 1 second from the patients with major previous intrapleural procedures were not different from those of either the patients with minor previous intrapleural procedures or the controls. CONCLUSIONS A previous intrapleural procedure, even when resulting in a fused pleural space, did not have a significant detrimental impact on outcome. Therefore a previous intrapleural procedure should neither preclude listing a patient for transplantation nor significantly influence the choice of recipient when lungs become available for transplantation.
Empirical evidence of information overload constraining chat channel community interactions

Prior work has demonstrated that the impact of individual information-processing limits can be observed in dynamics of mass interaction in asynchronous collaborative systems (Usenet newsgroups and email lists). Here we present the first evidence of such impacts on synchronous social interaction environments through the analysis of an Internet Relay Chat network. We highlight how shared public discourse in chat channels appears to be limited to 40 posters in any 20 minute interval, even as the number of channel users increases well into the hundreds. We discuss our findings in terms of understanding the relationship between online community space types and the user interaction dynamics they support.
Porcine Cysticercosis in Southeast Uganda: Seroprevalence in Kamuli and Kaliro Districts

The recent recognition of neurocysticercosis as a major cause of epilepsy in Uganda and changes in pig demography have lead to a need to better understand the basic epidemiology of Taenia solium infections in pigs and humans. Human exposure is a function of the size of the animal reservoir of this zoonosis. This is the first field survey for porcine cysticercosis to investigate the prevalence of antigen-positive pigs across an entire rural district of south-east Uganda. In our field surveys, 8.6% of 480 pigs screened were seropositive for the parasite by B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. In addition, of the 528 homesteads surveyed 138 (26%) did not have pit latrines indicating a high probability of pigs having access to human faeces and thus T. solium eggs. This study thus indicates the need for better data on this neglected zoonotic disease in Uganda, with a particular emphasis on the risk factors for infection in both pigs and humans. In this regard, further surveys of pigs, seroprevalence surveys in humans and an understanding of cysticercosis-related epilepsy are required, together with risk-factor studies for human and porcine infections.
The nurse--a resource in hypertension care.

AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the content and structure of communication between patient and nurse at follow-up appointments concerning hypertension. BACKGROUND Hypertension is a chronic condition and calls for co-operation between health care providers and patients over a long period of time. One important purpose of the follow-up consultations is to transfer knowledge between patients and health care providers in order to empower patients. This is an important determinant of the quality of care. DESIGN/METHODS The study was based on 20 audio-recordings of actual follow-up appointments and was approved by ethics committees. The consultations took place at four different health care units for hypertensive patients. FINDINGS The average length of consultations was 18 minutes. In the consultations, patients initiated an average of eight new topics and nurses an average of 20. All nurses talked with patients about life style. Compared with previous studies of follow-ups with physicians, consultations with nurses addressed lifestyle factors and adherence to treatment to a higher degree. It was also observed that patients were more actively involved in interaction with nurses compared with the follow-ups with physicians. CONCLUSIONS Active patient participation in care is a critical factor in improving adherence to treatment. It would be of value to develop and assess a more patient-centred organization of hypertension care and thereby more individualized hypertension treatment. Nurses may have a pivot role in such care.
Identification of Select Fumonisin Forming Fusarium Species Using PCR Applications of the Polyketide Synthase Gene and its Relationship to Fumonisin Production in vitro

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostic assay was used to develop markers for detection of Fusarium verticillioides (=F. moniliforme), a fumonisin producing fungus in maize tissues. Species-specific primers were designed based on sequence data from the polyketide synthase (PKS) gene (FUM1- previously FUM5) responsible for fumonisin production in fungi. Four sets of oligonucleotide primers were tested for their specificity using 24 strains of F. verticillioides, 10 F. proliferatum, and 12 of other Fusarium species. In addition, 13 species of other fungal genera, from four phyla, were tested as negative controls. Among the four sets, primer set B consistently amplified a 419-bp fragment from the DNA 96% of all F. verticillioides strains and 83% of F. proliferatum. All other fungi tested were negative using primer set B. A total of 38% of the F. verticillioides strains grown on a selective liquid medium produced fumonisin and 92% formed the toxin on standard rice medium. When fumonisin formed in culture, PCR assay using primer set B detected every strain of F. verticillioides, but only amplified 80% of F. proliferatum strains that produced the toxin. PCR detection was consistent at 100 pg/μl concentration of genomic DNA from 4 F. verticillioides strains, but varied at 10 pg/μl. Two duplicate greenhouse tests using artificially inoculated maize plants, had greater levels of F. verticillioides detected after re-evaluting using primer set B than from culturing of the tissues. The molecular protocols described in this study requires only 1 day for completion compared to approximately 10 days for cultural work and morphological determination. In conclusion, conventional PCR assay using primer set B provides a sensitive and accurate detection assay that can be used as a primary or secondary confirmation method for identification and occurrence of F. verticillioides within the maize tissues. However, studies using primer set B for fumonisin production determined by strains of F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum will require further verification.
A Dopamine/D1 Receptor/Protein Kinase A/Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein (Mr 32 kDa)/Protein Phosphatase-1 Pathway Regulates Dephosphorylation of the NMDA Receptor

We have investigated the mechanism by which activation of dopamine (DA) receptors regulates the glutamate sensitivity of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens. Our results demonstrate that DA regulates the phosphorylation state of the NR1 subunit of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. The effect of DA was mimicked by SKF82526, a D1-type DA receptor agonist, and by forskolin, an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and was blocked by H-89, a PKA inhibitor. These data indicate that DA increases NR1 phosphorylation through a PKA-dependent pathway. DA-induced phosphorylation of NR1 was blocked in mice bearing a targeted deletion of the gene for dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32), a phosphoprotein that is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, indicating that the effect of PKA is mediated, in part, by regulation of the DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 cascade. In support of this interpretation, NR1 phosphorylation was increased by calyculin A, a protein phosphatase-1/2A inhibitor. A model is proposed in which the ability of DA to regulate NMDA receptor sensitivity is attributable to a synergistic action involving increased phosphorylation and decreased dephosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor.
Acute Effect of Various Exercise Intensities on Cognitive Performance.

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of various exercise intensities on coincidence anticipation timing at different stimulus speeds. Fifteen male students who attend to Faculty of Sport Sciences at Mugla Sitki Kocman University, have been dealing with individual or team sports and having licenses for 5 or more years with no health problem or disability, participated in this study voluntarily. Athletes were subject to incremental running protocol on treadmill at 70 percent and 90 percent exercise intensity. Coincidence anticipation timing performances of athletes at each stimulus speeds (6 mph, 9mph and 12 mph) were measured in rest and steady state at each exercise intensity (70 percent and 90 percent). Bassin Anticipation Timer device was used for determining coinciding anticipation timing performance. The data were recorded in SPSS program. Repeated Measures ANOVA, Bonferroni Correction were used. According to, a Repeated Measures ANOVA statistically significant difference was found in mean absolute error scores measured at rest, 70 percent and 90 percent intensity exercises (F(2, 28)=9.446), p=. 001, multivariate partial eta squared=. 40). Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that coincidence anticipation timing mean absolute error scores (6 mph) were statistically significantly higher at 70 percent and 90 percent intensity exercises than mean absolute scores measured at rest. For 9 mph, statistically significant difference was found in mean absolute error scores measured at rest, 70 percent and 90 percent intensity exercises (F(2, 28)=6.124), p=. 006, multivariate partial eta squared=. 30). Bonferroni correction explained that mean absolute error scores (9 mph) measured at 70 percent and 90 percent intensity exercises were statistically significantly higher than mean absolute scores measured at rest. For 12mph, no statistically significant difference was found in mean absolute error scores measured at rest, 70 percent and 90 percent intensity exercises (F(2, 28)=1.873), p=. 172, multivariate partial eta squared=. 11). Mean absolute error scores (12 mph) measured at 90 percent intensity exercises were higher than mean absolute scores measured at rest and 70 percent intensity. In conclusion, it has been seen that high and moderate intensity exercises influence coincidence anticipation timing negatively at low, moderate stimulus speeds. Thus, in the planning of the training programs, it is important to enhance sensory-motor function stamina of athletes for high intensity activities and it is suggested that the athletes could be involved in exercises that improve their response to different stimuli. Article visualizations:
Table 4 Major Findings Regarding Child Behavioral and Social-Emotional Consequences of PCIT Study Relation to PCITa Behavioral Consequencesb Social-Emotional Consequences

1 Bridges is a publication of the Research and Training Center on Early Childhood Development, funded by the U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Research to Practice Division (H324K010005). The RTC is an organizational unit of the Center for Evidence-Based Practices, Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute. © Copyright 2003 by the Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute. All rights reserved. The behavioral and social-emotional consequences of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) were examined in 17 studies of preschool-age children identified as exhibiting a disruptive behavior disorder. These studies included 628 children, 368 of whom participated in parent-child interaction therapy. Study findings revealed that involvement in PCIT results in statistically and clinically significant improvements in child behavior functioning. While there is some evidence that PCIT positively impacts social-emotional development, this evidence is less compelling. Implications for practice are described in terms of core relationship-building and discipline skills that parents should implement in order to optimize child behavior functioning.
Autism and Abnormal Development of Brain Connectivity

It has been said that people with autism suffer from a lack of “central coherence,” the cognitive ability to bind together a jumble of separate features into a single, coherent object or concept ([Frith, 1989][1]). Ironically, the same can be said of the field of autism research, which all too
A Wearable Magneto-Inertial System for Gait Analysis (H-Gait): Validation on Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Young Healthy Adults

Background: Wearable magneto-inertial sensors are being increasingly used to obtain human motion measurements out of the lab, although their performance in applications requiring high accuracy, such as gait analysis, are still a subject of debate. The aim of this work was to validate a gait analysis system (H-Gait) based on magneto-inertial sensors, both in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW) subjects. The validation is performed against a reference multichannel recording system (STEP32), providing direct measurements of gait timings (through foot-switches) and joint angles in the sagittal plane (through electrogoniometers). Methods: Twenty-two young male subjects were recruited for the study (12 NW, 10 OW). After positioning body-fixed sensors of both systems, each subject was asked to walk, at a self-selected speed, over a 14-m straight path for 12 trials. Gait signals were recorded, at the same time, with the two systems. Spatio-temporal parameters, ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics were extracted analyzing an average of 89 ± 13 gait cycles from each lower limb. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altmann plots were used to compare H-Gait and STEP32 measurements. Changes in gait parameters and joint kinematics of OW with respect NW were also evaluated. Results: The two systems were highly consistent for cadence, while a lower agreement was found for the other spatio-temporal parameters. Ankle and knee joint kinematics is overall comparable. Joint ROMs values were slightly lower for H-Gait with respect to STEP32 for the ankle (by 1.9° for NW, and 1.6° for OW) and for the knee (by 4.1° for NW, and 1.8° for OW). More evident differences were found for hip joint, with ROMs values higher for H-Gait (by 6.8° for NW, and 9.5° for OW). NW and OW showed significant differences considering STEP32 (p = 0.0004), but not H-Gait (p = 0.06). In particular, overweight/obese subjects showed a higher cadence (55.0 vs. 52.3 strides/min) and a lower hip ROM (23.0° vs. 27.3°) than normal weight subjects. Conclusions: The two systems can be considered interchangeable for what concerns joint kinematics, except for the hip, where discrepancies were evidenced. Differences between normal and overweight/obese subjects were statistically significant using STEP32. The same tendency was observed using H-Gait.
Tem analyses of the local crystal and domain structures in (na1-xkx)0.5bi0.5tio3 perovskite ceramics

The local crystal and domain structures of the (Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0. 5TiO3 (NBT-KBT) solid solutions were studied because of their influence on the enhanced electromechanical properties of ceramics. Based on X-ray diffraction, the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was determined for the composition x = 0.20, in which the rhombohedral and the tetragonal structures were observed to coexist. However, detailed domain-structure analyses using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), performed on the NBT, KBT, and five NBT-KBT solid-solution compositions, revealed some structural changes at/near the MPB. In the samples on the tetragonal side of the MPB, the grains showed a lamellar domain structure with 90° orientations of the individual domains, separated by straight domain boundaries, i.e., (011)/(101) twin planes. The rhombohedral samples on the other side of the MPB showed a typical square-net pattern with needle-like or lamellar ~71°/109° rhombohedral domains with (001) and/ or (110) twin planes separating the individual domains. The domain structure at the MPB showed well-defined lamellar domains. Based on the occurrence of the superstructure reflections in the SAED patterns of various crystallographic zones, on the characteristic splitting of the reflections, and on the domain morphology observations, the crystal structure in/near the boundary region was determined to be a tetragonal structure with an in-phase oxygen octahedral tilt system (probably a0a0c+). It is suggested that the tetragonal polar order is partly induced from the rhombohedral structure at the MPB as a result of mechanical loading during TEM sample preparation.
Persistence of neuropsychiatric symptoms over six months in mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Korean elderly

ABSTRACT Background: Several studies of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have revealed that this population, like people with dementia, have neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) as well as memory impairment. No study has reported on the natural history and course of NPS in MCI although this is important in terms of management. We aimed to determine the persistence of NPS over six months in participants with MCI. Method: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to rate the severity of NPS in 241 consecutive referrals with MCI from a Korean clinic at baseline and in 220 patients at 6-month follow-up. We also collected information about the cognition and quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Results: Ninety-seven (44.1%) MCI participants who completed the 6-month follow-up exhibited at least one NPS at baseline; 60 (27.3%) were clinically significant NPS. Seventy (72.1%) of those with any symptom had at least one persistent NPS at 6-month follow-up, and 44 (73.3%) of those with clinically significant symptoms had at least one significant and persistent NPS at 6-month follow-up. Those with persistent symptoms had more severe baseline symptoms. Both patients and caregivers had a poorer quality of life when the patient had at least one clinically significant symptom. Conclusions: NPS were highly persistent overall in older people with MCI. Persistence was predicted by having more severe symptoms at baseline. Clinically significant levels of NPS were associated with decreased quality of life. We conclude that clinicians should be aware that NPS symptoms in MCI usually persist.
When Motor Attention Improves Selective Attention: The Dissociating Role of Saliency

There is evidence that preparing and maintaining a motor plan (“motor attention”) can bias visual selective attention. For example, a motor attended grasp biases visual attention to select appropriately graspable object features (Symes, Tucker, Ellis, Vainio, & Ottoboni, 2008). According to the biased competition model of selective attention, the relative weightings of stimulus-driven and goal-directed factors determine selection. The current study investigated how the goal-directed bias of motor attention might operate when the stimulus-driven salience of the target was varied. Using a change detection task, two almost identical photographed scenes of simplistic graspable objects were presented flickering back and forth. The target object changed visually, and this change was either high or low salience. Target salience determined whether or not the motor attended grasp significantly biased visual selective attention. Specifically, motor attention only had a reliable influence on target detection times when the visual salience of the target was low.