Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance for Genotoxic Damage in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Increased by Hypoxia but Not Generally Dependent on p53-Regulated Cell Cycle Arrest

Adult stem cells including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) acquire a high amount of DNA-damage due to their prolonged lifespan. MSC may exert specific mechanisms of resistance to avoid loss of functional activity. We have previously shown that resistance of MSC is associated with an induction of p53 and proliferation arrest upon genotoxic damage. Hypoxia may also contribute to resistance in MSC due to the low oxygen tension in the niche. In this study we characterized the role of p53 and contribution of hypoxia in resistance of MSC to genotoxic damage. MSC exhibited increased resistance to cisplatin induced DNA-damage. This resistance was associated with a temporary G2/M cell cycle arrest, induction of p53- and p21-expression and reduced cyclin B / cdk1-levels upon subapoptotic damage. Resistance of MSC to cisplatin was increased at hypoxic conditions i. e. oxygen <0.5%. However, upon hypoxia the cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest and expression of p53 and p21 were abrogated. MSC with shRNA-mediated p53 knock-down showed a reduced cell cycle arrest and increased cyclin B / cdk1 expression. However, this functional p53 knock down did not alter the resistance to cisplatin. In contrast to cisplatin, functional p53-knock-down increased the resistance of MSC to etoposide. We conclude that resistance of MSC to genotoxic damage is influenced by oxygen tension but is not generally dependent on p53. Thus, p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms of resistance are likely to contribute to the life-long functional activity of MSC in vivo. These findings indicate that hypoxia and different resistance pathways contribute to the phenotype that enables the prolonged lifespan of MSC.
The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS): psychometric properties and associations with paranoia and grandiosity in non-clinical and psychosis samples

Background. Traditional instruments that measure self-esteem may not relate directly to the schema construct as outlined in recent cognitive models. The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS) aim to provide a theoretically coherent self-report assessment of schemata concerning self and others in psychosis. The scales assess four dimensions of self and other evaluation: negative-self, positive-self, negative-other, positive-other. Method. We analysed the psychometric properties of the BCSS using a sample of 754 students recruited by email and 252 people with psychosis recruited as part of a trial of cognitive therapy. We report the internal consistency, stability and the factor structure of the scale, and the association of the BCSS with measures of self-esteem and with symptoms of paranoia and grandiosity. Results. The BCSS have good psychometric properties and have more independence from mood than the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Schedule. People with chronic psychosis reported extreme negative evaluations of both self and others on these scales, but their levels of self-esteem and positive evaluations of self and others were similar to the student sample. Conclusions. Extreme negative evaluations of self and others appear to be characteristic of the appraisals of people with chronic psychosis, and are associated with symptoms of grandiosity and paranoia in the non-clinical population. The BCSS may provide a more useful measure of schemata about self and others than traditional measures of self-esteem.
Cell Oscillation Resolution in Mobility Profile Building

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. Mobility profile building became extensively examined area in Location based services (LBS) through extraction of significant locations. Mobility traces are recorded under three reference positioning systems that are Satellite based i.e. GPS, Network based i.e. GSM and Local positioning i.e. WLAN, RFID, IrDA. Satellite based and local positioning due to of high power consumption, additional resource installation, low accuracy and space limitation are less encouraging. So network based positioning i.e. GSM is only viable solution for mobility tracing through Cell global identity (CGI). CGI presents the Cell-ids to extract the significant locations from mobility history. However CGI faces cell oscillation problem, where user is assigned multiple Cell-Ids even at a stationary state for load balancing and GSM cells overlapping. In this paper we proposed two semi-supervised methodology for cell oscillation resolution i.e. semantic tagging and overlapped area clustering, the proposed methodologies are equally useful for the identification of significant places too.
A Comparative Study of Classification Techniques for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection is one of the major research problems in network security. It is the process of monitoring and analyzing network traffic data to detect security violations. Mining approach can play very important role in developing an intrusion detection system. The network traffic can be classified into normal and anomalous in order to detect intrusions. In our paper, top-ten classification algorithms namely J48, BayesNet, Logistic, SGD, IBK, JRip, PART, Random Forest, Random Tree and REPTree were selected after experimenting with more than twenty most widely used classification algorithms. The comparison of these top-ten classification algorithms is presented in this paper based upon their performance metrics to find out the best suitable algorithm available. Performance of the classification models is measured using 10-fold cross validation. Experiments and assessments of these methods are performed in WEKA environment using NSL-KDD dataset.
The Relationship Between Challenge and Threat States and Performance: A Systematic Review

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat states specifies that these states engender different physiological and behavioral responses in potentially stressful situations. This model has received growing interest in the sport and performance psychology literature. The present systematic review examined whether a challenge state is associated with superior performance than a threat state. Across 38 published studies that conceptualized challenge and threat states in a manner congruent with the biopsychosocial model, support emerged for the performance benefits of a challenge state. There was, however, significant variation in the reviewed studies in terms of the measures of challenge and threat states, tasks, and research designs. The benefits of a challenge state on performance were largely consistent across studies using cognitive, physiological, and dichotomous challenge and threat measures, cognitive and behavioral tasks, and direct experimental, indirect experimental, correlational, and quasi-experimental designs. The results imply that sports coaches, company directors, and teachers might benefit from trying to promote a challenge state in their athletes, employees, and students, respectively. Future research could benefit from a greater consensus on how best to measure challenge and threat states to help synthesize the evidence across studies. Specifically, we recommend that researchers use both cognitive and physiological measures and develop stronger manipulations for experimental studies. Finally, future research should report sufficient information to enable risk of bias assessment.
Toward identifying the critical mass in spatial two-sided markets

Unlike their nonspatial counterparts, spatial multi-sided platforms are matchmaking platforms with an additional layer of complexity: their customers expect to meet in space, not only virtually. This additional challenge will be studied in this paper in the context of a two-sided ride-sharing platform, which serves drivers and passengers. As with any two-sided platform, there is an interdependence between both groups of customers: More drivers are more attractive for passengers, and vice versa. This interdependence creates the old chicken-and-egg problem, only that here drivers and passengers need to be matched not for a virtual transaction, but by their ability to meet physically and travel jointly. We argue, and illustrate by simulations, that in spatial multi-sided markets there is not a single critical mass frontier that needs to be reached in order to make the system self-sustained (as in nonspatial markets), and that this frontier is varying from one location to the next, depending on the density and distribution of the demand and supply over space and time. Identification of the critical mass frontier will allow for better evaluation of implementation policies and regulations.
Relationships of control and relationships of engagement: how educator intentions intersect with student experiences of restorative justice

ABSTRACT The practice and popularity of restorative justice (RJ) in education has been growing in recent years. RJ can be understood in dramatically different ways by those implementing it. For some, RJ is about creating an environment of and for student engagement that challenges traditional systems of discipline and facilitates learning. For others, RJ is simply another tool for solidifying compliance and meting out punishment, albeit in a kinder, gentler way. This comparative case study focused on the use of RJ in one school in Scotland and one in Canada, exploring the intersection between educator intentions and student experiences. I determined that the key element is not the implementation of RJ, but the school’s predominant relational objectives. In a school where relational objectives are of social control, RJ is utilized to strengthen that control. Where the relational objectives are of social engagement, RJ is utilized to strengthen that engagement. RJ in schools is a window into what is most fundamental to students: relationships. The study argues that RJ, by itself, does not guarantee certain qualities of relationship, but it does allow us to examine those qualities and ask questions of how school relationships are used to engage and/or control students.
Elegant Science Narratives and Unintended Influences: An Agenda for the Science of Science Communication

Scientists must share their work with the public in order to promote science-based public discourse and policies. These acts of science communication are often evaluated in terms of their ability to inform (i.e., introduce accurate and accessible information) and engage (i.e., capture interest and maintain attention). We focus on a third basis by which science communication might be judged, influence. Science communicators exert influence when they shape public opinions in ways that affect their judgments and decisions, alter social and political discourse and debate, and guide social policy. We describe how the influence of any given science communication should be evaluated independent of its ability to inform or engage. We give particular attention in our analysis to the often unintended influences that well-meaning science communicators can have. We begin by considering ways that communications from climate scientists might reduce support for climate regulation and communications from health scientists might undermine public health. We then develop two “case studies,” drawn from social psychology. These show how popular media descriptions of the science of racial bias and disadvantage might in some cases exacerbate racial discrimination and reduce concern for the disadvantaged. We close with an agenda for a more vigorous science of science communication; one that engages in two complementary pursuits. Critical studies identify the dominant and consequential effects that popular science communicators are having on public perceptions. Strategic studies advance and empirically
In-patient suicide in psychiatry – an Indian experience

Suicide is a major public health issue world-over with more than 800 000 people taking their own life and many more attempting suicide every year (World Health Organization, 2016). Also, suicide was noted as the second leading cause of death in young age group i.e., 15–29 year olds globally in 2012 (World Health Organization, 2016). Mental illnesses are important risk factors for suicidal behaviour (Baxter & Appleby, 1999). Suicidal risk in psychiatric inpatients of upto 50 times higher than in the general population has been reported, with particularly higher suicide risk in patients with personality and affective disorders (Mortensen et al. 2000; Ajdacic-Gross et al. 2009). Different recent studies have reported inpatient suicide rates varying between 70 and 270 per 100 000 psychiatric admissions (Deisenhammer et al. 2000; Powell et al. 2000; Dong et al. 2005; Neuner et al. 2008; Madsen et al. 2012). Suicide risk was also noted to be more both immediately after admission and immediately following discharge and as well as in the case of short duration of inpatient treatment (Copas & Robin, 1982; Rossau & Mortensen, 1997; Qin & Nordentoft, 2005; Hunt et al. 2013). It has been noted that majority of the in-patient suicides occurred at a time that was thought to have no/ low risk of suicide (Dong et al. 2005). A systematic review and meta-analysis noted that a history of deliberate self-harm, hopelessness, feelings of guilt or inadequacy, depressed mood, suicidal ideas and a family history of suicide were significantly associated with in-patient suicide. The authors suggested that development of safer hospital environments and improved systems of care are more likely to reduce the suicide than risk assessment, as predictive value of a high-risk categorisation was very low (Large et al. 2011). Information about in-patient suicides is scarce from India and hence this study would add to the understanding of this serious public health issue.
Virtual exhibitions and communication factors

ABSTRACT As the Internet and information and communications technology have deeply penetrated our daily lives and entered mainstream culture in our societies, the domain and roles of virtual exhibitions have expanded, making them the centre of museum activities. Such exhibitions are used as a communication medium in various areas, particularly for communication with diverse visitors. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand factors affecting visitor communication and their influences on virtual exhibitions, an interdisciplinary and integrated design field, from a macroscopic perspective through literature review. Factors affecting communication were broadly divided into personal, social, content, and environmental factors, which are individually reviewed in detail. This article develops design guidelines for systematic and theoretically grounded research on virtual exhibitions. The guidelines can also help ensure effective communication between visitors and virtual exhibitions.
The role of context and timeframe in moderating relationships within the theory of planned behaviour

This study examined the moderating effect of context and timeframe on the predictive ability of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs. Three hundred and eighty-three students completed TPB measures either in a campus bar or a library and were randomly allocated to one of three timeframe conditions: tonight, tomorrow or next week. There was a three-way interaction such that the subjective norms of participants in a bar were more predictive of their intentions to binge drink that night, whereas the subjective norms of participants in a library were less predictive of intentions to binge drink that night. This research provides empirical evidence that ignoring context may result in underestimation of the importance of normative factors in binge drinking. It also suggests that other research utilising the TPB needs to take greater account of the impact of context of data collection, which has been neglected to date.
Origin of Implication: How Do Innocent Individuals Enter the Criminal Justice System?

Drawing from the investigative policing literature, we develop a typology for how innocent defendants become suspects in criminal investigations. We use the Preventing Wrongful Convictions Project (PWCP) dataset and multivariate modeling to examine the case and defendant characteristics that predict how an innocent defendant became a suspect. We found that investigators identify suspects in eight primary ways. The most common in the PWCP dataset were victim/eyewitness identification, citizen identification, and intentional misidentification. Defendant’s race, age, criminal history, relationship to the victim, cognitive/mental status, and whether the victim survived were strongly associated with an innocent defendant’s origin of implication. These results illuminate how tunnel vision begins in cases with innocent defendants, and how police practices may prevent innocent individuals from becoming suspects.
Influence of common genetic variation on lung cancer risk: meta-analysis of 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified common genetic variants at 5p15.33, 6p21–6p22 and 15q25.1 associated with lung cancer risk. Several other genetic regions including variants of CHEK2 (22q12), TP53BP1 (15q15) and RAD52 (12p13) have been demonstrated to influence lung cancer risk in candidate- or pathway-based analyses. To identify novel risk variants for lung cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 GWASs, totaling 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls of European descent. Our data provided increased support for previously identified risk loci at 5p15 (P = 7.2 × 10−16), 6p21 (P = 2.3 × 10−14) and 15q25 (P = 2.2 × 10−63). Furthermore, we demonstrated histology-specific effects for 5p15, 6p21 and 12p13 loci but not for the 15q25 region. Subgroup analysis also identified a novel disease locus for squamous cell carcinoma at 9p21 (CDKN2A/p16INK4A/p14ARF/CDKN2B/p15INK4B/ANRIL; rs1333040, P = 3.0 × 10−7) which was replicated in a series of 5415 Han Chinese (P = 0.03; combined analysis, P = 2.3 × 10−8). This large analysis provides additional evidence for the role of inherited genetic susceptibility to lung cancer and insight into biological differences in the development of the different histological types of lung cancer.
Availability, Use, and Cultivation of Support Networks as Predictors of the Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Panel Study

Objectives. To examine the impact of the availability, use, and cultivation of a support network on the well-being of community-dwelling, middle-aged, and older Chinese. Methods. A total of 2,970 Hong Kong Chinese aged 40–74 years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in 2004. Out of the original group of interviewees, 2,120 (71.4%) were interviewed again in 2005. Results. Structural equation modeling revealed a good fit of the model employing Wave 1 support network data and demographic characteristics to predict Wave 2 well-being. As hypothesized, the availability of important social ties and the cultivation of one's support networks were found to predict well-being one year later, but not the use of support networks to meet emotional, financial, or companion needs after controlling for demographic variables and baseline well-being. Discussion. Cultivating support networks can be interpreted as positive and active coping. Such cultivation is in line with what socioemotional selectivity theory predicts; specifically, when people age, they become more selective and concentrate on strengthening their relationship with those they are emotionally close to. We argue that network cultivation deserves more attention in theory, practice, and research to strengthen the resilience and adaptability of individuals approaching and experiencing old age.
Quasi-Synchronous Cooperative Networks: A Practical Cooperative Transmission Protocol

In this article, we propose a cooperative space-time coding (STC) protocol, amalgamating the concepts of asynchronous cooperation, noncoherent detection, as well as distributed turbo coding (DTC), where neither symbol-level time synchronization nor channel-state information (CSI) estimation is required at any of the cooperating nodes, while attaining high performance even at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). More specifically assuming the system configuration of a single source node, multiple relay nodes, and a single destination node, each having a single antenna element (AE)a practical cooperative differential space-time spreading (CDSTS) scheme is designed using interference rejection spreading codes, to eliminate the effect of synchronization errors between the relay nodes without the assistance of channel estimation or equalization.
An Investigation of Agreement between Clinical Educators and Peers in Rating Speech Pathology Students’ Interview Skills

Peer assessment and feedback is being used more frequently in health science education as it has been shown to enhance self-directed learning. This study investigated the level of agreement between clinical educators and speech pathology student peers when rating students’ performance during standardised patient interviews. Participating in this study were 104 undergraduate speech pathology students and six clinical educators who were required to rate students’ foundation clinical skills on the Standardised Patient Interview Rating Scale (SPIRS). Students’ skills, including communication, interviewing and professional practice, were rated by a clinical educator and a peer. Data from two separate interviews in weeks 4 and 8 of a clinical placement were analysed to determine the agreement between clinical educators and peers in rating a student on individual items on the SPIRS. Results indicated that there were unacceptable agreement levels between clinical educators and peers in both opportunities of rating. Recommendations for improving agreement between peers and clinical educators were made including increasing explicit training with the rating tool, increased collaboration between clinical educators and student raters, and using peers with more clinical placement experience as raters. Further research is required to investigate the use of peer assessment for both formative and summative purposes in speech pathology student education.
Developmental Differences in Cognitive Control: Goal Representation and Maintenance During a Continuous Performance Task

The present study examined whether younger and older children differ in the use of the goal-related information in a continuous performance task (AX-CPT), and if so, whether those age differences are due to the ability to represent and/or maintain goal information. Experiment 1 compared third- and sixth-grade children in their ability to transform the identity of letter cues into goal representations, as well as to sustain those goal representations during a long (5,500 ms) cue-probe delay in the AX-CPT. Experiment 2 used a short cue-probe delay (1,000 ms) and thereby eliminated the demands of maintaining goal representations in working memory. In addition, Experiment 2 varied the level of demand that was placed on the ability to represent context information by varying the features of letter cues. The combined results of these experiments indicated that sixth graders were superior to third graders in cognitive control under conditions that placed demands on either the ability to represent or maintain goal-related information.
Counterproductive Work Behaviors toward Organization and Leader-Member Exchange: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Exhaustion and Work Engagement

ABSTRACT In this article, we develop and empirically test a model of antecedents of organizational counterproductive work behavior (CWB-O) specifying work engagement and emotional exhaustion as mediators of the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) and CWB-O. Our results show (a) that the relationship between LMX and organizational CWB-O is partially mediated by work engagement and (b) that the relationship between work engagement and CWB-O is partially mediated by emotional exhaustion. We discuss our findings and their implications for research and practice.