Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2016 Ieee International Conference on Big Data (big Data) Interactive Personalized Interesting Pattern Discovery*

—The traditional approach of mining frequent patterns generates a very large number of patterns of which a substantial fraction are not much interesting for many data analysis tasks. So selecting a small number of patterns from the large output set such that the selected patterns best align with a particular user's interest is an important task. Existing works on pattern summarization do not help, as these approaches solve interesting pattern discovery from a global perspective which is far from personalization what is needed to meet the pattern discovery demand of a specific user. In this work, we propose an interactive pattern discovery framework, which identifies a set of interesting patterns for a specific user without requiring any prior input on the interestingness measure of patterns from the user. We develop a gradient boosted regression tree based iterative learning algorithm that uses a limited number of interactive feedback from the user to learn her interestingness profile of the patterns, and use this profile for pattern recommendation. We show experimental results on several real-life datasets to validate the performance of the proposed method. We also compare with the existing methods of interactive pattern discovery to show that the performance of the proposed method is substantially superior to the existing methods.
Using health-system-wide data to understand hepatitis B virus prophylaxis and reactivation outcomes in patients receiving rituximab

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in the setting of rituximab use is a potentially fatal but preventable safety event. The rate of HBV screening and proportion of patients at risk who receive antiviral prophylaxis in patients initiating rituximab is unknown. We analyzed electronic health record (EHR) data from 2 health systems, a university center and a safety net health system, including diagnosis grouper codes, problem lists, medications, laboratory results, procedures codes, clinical encounter notes, and scanned documents. We identified all patients who received rituximab between 6/1/2012 and 1/1/2016. We calculated the proportion of rituximab users with inadequate screening for HBV according to the Centers for Disease Control guidelines for detecting latent HBV infection before their first rituximab infusion during the study period. We also assessed the proportion of patients with positive hepatitis B screening tests who were prescribed antiviral prophylaxis. Finally, we characterized safety failures and adverse events. We included 926 patients from the university and 132 patients from the safety net health system. Sixty-one percent of patients from the university had adequate screening for HBV compared with 90% from the safety net. Among patients at risk for reactivation based on results of HBV testing, 66% and 92% received antiviral prophylaxis at the university and safety net, respectively. We found wide variations in hepatitis B screening practices among patients receiving rituximab, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients. Interventions should be developed to improve patient safety procedures in this high-risk patient population.
Association between body fat composition and blood pressure level among secondary school adolescents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Introduction Excess body fat and high blood pressure (BP) are important risk factors for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and both may have their roots of occurrence in childhood and adolescence. The present study aimed at determining the association between body fat composition and BP level among adolescents in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 5 randomly selected secondary schools within Dar es Salaam was conducted between June and November 2013. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic characteristics and other cardiovascular risk factors. BP, height, weight and waist circumference were measured following standard methods. Body fat was assessed by skinfold thickness and categorized as underfat, healthy, overfat or obese according to World Health Organization definitions. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 90th percentile for age, height and gender of the adolescent. Results The study included 582 adolescents (mean age 16.5±1.8 years, 52.1% boys). The proportion of adolescents with overfat or obesity was 22.2%. Systolic, diastolic and combined hypertension was present in 17.5%, 5.5%, and 4.0% respectively. In the total population mean body fat percent correlated positively with diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) but not with systolic BP. In multivariate analysis body mass index (β=0.21, p=0.008) and waist circumference (β=0.12, p=0.049), but not body fat percentage (β=-0.09, p=0.399) independently predicted higher MAP. Conclusion Body mass index predicts BP level better than body fat composition and should be used as a measure of increased risk for hypertension among adolescents.
INFOREX Information Retrieval System: Analysis and Processing of Experimental Data on Phase Equilibria in Igneous Rocks

The most recent version of the INFOREX database (INFOREX 4.0, 1996), which includes experi- mental data on crystal-melt equilibria and a package of programs for their analysis and processing, is presented. The database contains the results of 186 studies (about 7000 experiments and more than 9600 phase composi- tions) and is currently the most complete information system in the field of experimental petrology of igneous rocks. The main options of INFOREX can be divided into the information, retrieval, and applied ( Petrological Calculations ) categories. The computational functions include: (1) calculation of regression coefficients describing mineral-melt equilibria for olivine, plagioclase, three varieties of pyroxenes and spinellids: a total of 28 geothermometers; (2) calculation of the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ ratio in experimental glasses for nine models; (3) calculation of the H 2 O solubility in melts for water-saturated experiments for three models; and (4) auxiliary calculations, including the projection of glass compositions onto ternary diagrams. The paper presents exam- ples of using the INFOREX system to analyze the high-pressure cotectic melts Ol — Opx — Cpx and equilibrium isotherms between melts and amphibole under water-saturated conditions.
No Evidence of “Gray” Dust from Composite Quasar Spectra

Two recent studies based on composite reddened quasar spectra have indicated the presence of "gray" dust in quasar environments. This gray dust has a relatively flat extinction law in the UV, consistent with the theoretical expectation of a lack of small dust grains close to a quasar. In contrast, individual reddened quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey tend to have steep extinction laws in the UV, similar to that in the SMC. We analyze the method used in determining extinction laws from composite quasar spectra in order to resolve this discrepancy. We show that quasars reddened by SMC-type dust that are present in quasar samples have a negative correlation between EB-V and redshift, due to selection effects. The fact that the highest redshift quasars (which contribute to the UV part of a composite spectrum) are less extincted leads to shallower extinction in the UV. We construct a composite quasar spectrum from a simulated sample of quasars reddened by SMC-type dust and show that the extinction curve derived from the composite does not recover the intrinsic extinction law. We conclude there is no evidence of gray dust in quasar environments.
Dynamic Gains from Trade: Evidence from South Africa

This paper examines the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. Using data on actual trade protection across different manufacturing sectors, it is shown that trade liberalization had a positive impact on TFP growth during the 1990s. In addition, time-series evidence on macro data supports a positive long-run relationship between TFP and openness.
Pharmacologic Means of Extending Lifespan

Humanity has long dreamed of the possibility of extending lifespan, from the search for the mythical philosopher’s stone to Ponce de Leon’s quest for the Fountain of Youth. While no such fantastical solution exists, recent advances in aging research have brought us closer to finding treatments that may aid in slowing the aging process and attenuating age-related diseases. In this review, we will discuss small molecules that recent evidence suggests may be capable of improving health and extending lifespan in mammals, focusing particularly on resveratrol, rapamycin, and metformin.
Blobworld: Image Segmentation Using Expectation-Maximization and Its Application to Image Querying

Retrieving images from large and varied collections using image content as a key is a challenging and important problem. We present a new image representation that provides a transformation from the raw pixel data to a small set of image regions that are coherent in color and texture. This "Blobworld" representation is created by clustering pixels in a joint color-texture-position feature space. The segmentation algorithm is fully automatic and has been run on a collection of 10,000 natural images. We describe a system that uses the Blobworld representation to retrieve images from this collection. An important aspect of the system is that the user is allowed to view the internal representation of the submitted image and the query results. Similar systems do not offer the user this view into the workings of the system; consequently, query results from these systems can be inexplicable, despite the availability of knobs for adjusting the similarity metrics. By finding image regions that roughly correspond to objects, we allow querying at the level of objects rather than global image properties. We present results indicating that querying for images using Blobworld produces higher precision than does querying using color and texture histograms of the entire image in cases where the image contains distinctive objects.
Toward a Deep Neural Approach for Knowledge-Based IR

This paper tackles the problem of the semantic gap between a document and a query within an ad-hoc information retrieval task. In this context, knowledge bases (KBs) have already been acknowledged as valuable means since they allow the representation of explicit relations between entities. However, they do not necessarily represent implicit relations that could be hidden in a corpora. This latter issue is tackled by recent works dealing with deep representation learn ing of texts. With this in mind, we argue that embedding KBs within deep neural architectures supporting documentquery matching would give rise to fine-grained latent representations of both words and their semantic relations. In this paper, we review the main approaches of neural-based document ranking as well as those approaches for latent representation of entities and relations via KBs. We then propose some avenues to incorporate KBs in deep neural approaches for document ranking. More particularly, this paper advocates that KBs can be used either to support enhanced latent representations of queries and documents based on both distributional and relational semantics or to serve as a semantic translator between their latent distributional representations.
Learning Longer Memory in Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent neural network is a powerful model that learns temporal patterns in sequential data. For a long time, it was believed that recurrent networks are difficult to train using simple optimizers, such as stochastic gradient descent, due to the so-called vanishing gradient problem. In this paper, we show that learning longer term patterns in real data, such as in natural language, is perfectly possible using gradient descent. This is achieved by using a slight structural modification of the simple recurrent neural network architecture. We encourage some of the hidden units to change their state slowly by making part of the recurrent weight matrix close to identity, thus forming kind of a longer term memory. We evaluate our model in language modeling experiments, where we obtain similar performance to the much more complex Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks (Hochreiter & Schmidhuber, 1997).
Impaired IFNa Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Favors Regulatory T-cell Expansion That May Contribute to Breast Cancer Progression

Infiltration and dysfunction of immune cells have been documented in many types of cancers. We previously reported that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) within primary breast tumors correlate with an unfavorable prognosis for patients. The role of pDC in cancer remains unclear but they have been shown to mediate immune tolerance in other pathophysiologic contexts. We postulated that pDC may interfere with antitumor immune response and favor tolerance in breast cancer. The present study was designed to decipher the mechanistic basis for the deleterious impact of pDC on the clinical outcome. Using fresh human breast tumor biopsies (N 1⁄4 60 patients), we observed through multiparametric flow cytometry increased tumor-associated (TA) pDC (TApDC) rates in aggressive breast tumors, i.e., thosewith highmitotic index and the so-called triple-negative breast tumors (TNBT). Furthermore, TApDCexpressed a partially activated phenotype and produced very low amounts of IFN-a following toll-like receptor activation in vitro compared with patients' blood pDC. Within breast tumors, TApDC colocalized and strongly correlated with TA regulatory T cells (TATreg), especially in TNBT. Of most importance, the selective suppression of IFN-a production endowed TApDCwith the unique capacity to sustain FoxP3þ Treg expansion, a capacity that was reverted by the addition of exogenous IFN-a. These findings indicate that IFNa–deficient TApDC accumulating in aggressive tumors are involved in the expansion of TATreg in vivo, contributing to tumor immune tolerance and poor clinical outcome. Thus, targeting pDC to restore their IFN-a production may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to overcome immune tolerance in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 72(20); 1–10. 2012 AACR.
University of Birmingham Comparison of inter subject variability and reproducibility of whole brain proton spectroscopy

The aim of these studies was to provide reference data on intersubject variability and reproducibility of metabolite ratios for Choline/Creatine (Cho/Cr), N-acetyl aspartate/Choline (NAA/Cho) and N-acetyl aspartate/Creatine (NAA/Cr), and individual signal-intensity normalised metabolite concentrations of NAA, Cho and Cr. Healthy volunteers underwent imaging on two occasions using the same 3T Siemens Verio magnetic resonance scanner. At each session two identical Metabolic Imaging and Data Acquisition Software (MIDAS) sequences were obtained along with standard structural imaging. Metabolite maps were created and regions of interest applied in normalised space. The baseline data from all 32 volunteers were used to calculate the intersubject variability, while within session and between session reproducibility were calculated from all the available data. The reproducibility of measurements were used to calculate the overall and within session 95% prediction interval for zero change. The within and between session reproducibility data were lower than the values for intersubject variability, and were variable across the different The within and between session reproducibility measurements similar for vs. and vs. and p , 0.05). This study additional data that can be utilised in interventional studies to quantify change within a single imaging session, or to assess the significance of change in longitudinal studies of brain injury and disease.
The role of affective information in context on the judgment of facial expression: in what situations are North Americans influenced by contextual information?

Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians are more likely than North Americans to be sensitive to contextual information. By contrast, much evidence suggests that even North Americans’ judgments are influenced by affective priming information, the effect of which can be seen as another type of contextual cue. However, the magnitude of such priming effect has not been tested in a cross-cultural context. Using the methodology of the affective priming paradigm, we conducted two studies, in which we manipulated (a) the timing of priming information (simultaneous vs. sequential) and (b) the type of affective information (background landscape vs. background human figures), in which European Canadians and Japanese judged either happy or sad facial expressions in the focal area of the scene. The results indicate that the two cultural groups are similar when contextual information is salient, but only Japanese remain sensitive to context with subtle cues. (147 words) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Culture and Context Sensitivity . 1 Affective Priming and Judgment of Facial Expressions in Context . 3 What is context? 6 Overview of the Studies . 8 Study 1A . 11 Method . 11 Participants . 11 Stimuli . 11 Procedure . 13 Results . 15 Study 1B.16 Method . 18 Participants . 18 Stimuli . 18 Procedure . 18 Results . 20 Discussion . 20 Study 2A . 23 Method . 23 Participants . 23 Stimuli . 24 Procedure . 26 Results . 26 Study 2B.26 Method . 28 Participants . 28 Stimuli . 28 Procedure . 28 Results . 30 Discussion . 30 General Discussion . 32 The Nature of Stimuli . 34 Type of Measurement: Intensity Ratings and Categorization . 36 Examining the Role of Mood . 37 Final Remarks . 39 References . 41 Footnotes . 48 List of Figures Figure 1. Examples of the stimuli used in Study 1A . 14 Figure 2. Results of Study 1A . 17 Figure 3. Illustration of the affective priming paradigm used in Study 1B . 19 Figure 4. Results of Study 1B . 21 Figure 5. Examples of the stimuli used in Study 2A . 25 Figure 6. Results of Study 2A . 27 Figure 7. Illustration of the affective priming paradigm used in Study 2B . 29 Figure 8. Results of Study 2B . 31
Fast and Accurate 3 D Face Recognition Using Registration to an Intrinsic Coordinate System and Fusion of Multiple Region Classifiers

In this paper we present a new robust approach for 3D face registration to an intrinsic coordinate system of the face. The intrinsic coordinate system is defined by the vertical symmetry plane through the nose, the tip of the nose and the slope of the bridge of the nose. In addition, we propose a 3D face classifier based on the fusion of many dependent region classifiers for overlapping face regions. The region classifiers use PCA-LDA for feature extraction and the likelihood ratio as a matching score. Fusion is realised using straightforward majority voting for the identification scenario. For verification, a voting approach is used as well and the decision is defined by comparing the number of votes to a threshold. Using the proposed registration method combined with a classifier consisting of 60 fused region classifiers we obtain a 99.0% identification rate on the all vs first identification test of the FRGC v2 data. A verification rate of 94.6% at FAR = 0.1% was obtained for the all vs all verification test on the FRGC v2 data using fusion of 120 region classifiers. The first is the highest reported performance and the second is in the top-5 of best performing systems on these tests. In addition, our approach is much faster than other methods, taking only 2.5 seconds per image for registration and less than 0.1 ms per comparison. Because we apply feature extraction using PCA and LDA, the resulting template size is also very small: 6 kB for 60
Myocardial Infarct Expansion and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition

Background—A potential mechanism for left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is activation of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study examined the effects of MMP inhibition (MMPi) on regional LV geometry and MMP levels after MI. Methods and Results—In pigs instrumented with radiopaque markers to measure regional myocardial geometry, MI was created by ligating the obtuse marginals of the circumflex artery. In the first study, pigs were randomized to MMPi (n=7; PD166793, 20 mg · kg−1 · d−1) or MI only (n=7) at 5 days after MI, and measurements were performed at 2 weeks. Regional MI areas were equivalent at randomization and were increased in the MI-only group at 2 weeks after MI compared with the MMPi group. In the second study, pigs randomized to MMPi (n=9) or MI only (n=8) were serially followed up for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks after MI, LV end-diastolic dimension was lower with MMPi than in the MI-only group (4.7±0.1 versus 5.1±0.1 cm, P <0.05). Regional MI area was reduced with MMPi at 8 weeks after MI (1.3±0.1 versus 1.7±0.1 cm2, P <0.05). MMPi reduced ex vivo MMP proteolytic activity. In the MI region, membrane-type MMP levels were normalized and levels of the endogenous tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP-1) were increased compared with normal levels with MMPi. These effects were not observed in the MI-only group. Conclusions—MMPi attenuated the degree of post-MI LV dilation and expansion of the infarct during the late phase of MI healing. In addition, exogenous MMPi caused region-specific modulation of certain MMP and TIMP species.
Burn Injury Leads to Increased Long-Term Susceptibility to Respiratory Infection in both Mouse Models and Population Studies

Background Burn injury initiates an acute inflammatory response that subsequently drives wound repair. However, acute disruption to the immune response is also common, leading to susceptibility to sepsis and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite increased understanding of the impact of burn injury on the immune system in the acute phase, little is known about long-term consequences of burn injury on immune function. This study was established to determine whether burn injury has long-term clinical impacts on patients’ immune responses. Methods Using a population-based retrospective longitudinal study and linked hospital morbidity and death data from Western Australia, comparative rates of hospitalisation for respiratory infections in burn patients and a non-injured comparator cohort were assessed. In addition, a mouse model of non-severe burn injury was also used in which viral respiratory infection was induced at 4 weeks post-injury using a mouse modified version of the Influenza A virus (H3NN; A/mem/71-a). Results and conclusions The burn injured cohort contained 14893 adult patients from 1980–2012 after removal of those patients with evidence of smoke inhalation or injury to the respiratory tract. During the study follow-up study a total of 2,884 and 2,625 respiratory infection hospital admissions for the burn and uninjured cohorts, respectively, were identified. After adjusting for covariates, the burn cohort experienced significantly elevated admission rates for influenza and viral pneumonia (IRR, 95%CI: 1.73, 1.27–2.36), bacterial pneumonia (IRR, 95%CI: 2.05, 1.85–2.27) and for other types of upper and lower respiratory infections (IRR, 95% CI: 2.38, 2.09–2.71). In the mouse study an increased viral titre was observed after burn injury, accompanied by a reduced CD8 response and increased NK and NKT cells in the draining lymph nodes. This data suggests burn patients are at long-term increased risk of infection due to sustained modulation of the immune response.
About Diversity In Organisational Trajectories

The fact of organisational diversity leads us to put forward the paradox of " dynamic fit ". This serves as the basis for an alternative view of Lamarckism as applied to social sciences, which can provide a more efficient explanation of regular evolution in firms and populations. However, when a firm is trapped in a lock-in situation, Darwinian selection best explains how the system will behave. Thus we propose a continuum from alternative Lamarckism at one end, through Lamarckism, to Darwinism at the other end, in order to understand what evolutionary principles are appropriate to specific situations.