Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Link Between Academic Science and Industrial Innovation: The Case of California’s Research Universities

UCLA Anderson Graduate School of Management Policy Seminar for useful comments and suggestions. I am especially grateful to Adam Jaffe and Joshua Lerner for detailed feedback on an earlier draft. I also wish to thank a number of academic scientists and industrial R&D managers for providing me with their insights into the process by which knowledge flows from academia to industry. I am indebted to Masami Imai, Hiau-Looi Kee, and Kaoru Nabeshima for excellent research assistance. I would like to thank Tony Breitzman and Francis Narin of CHI-Research, Adam Jaffe, and Marie and Jerry Thursby for their help in obtaining the data used in this study.
Aneurysmal Coronary Artery Disease

To examine the clinical and historical features and the natural history of aneurysmal coronary disease, we reviewed the registry data of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Nine hundred seventy-eight patients, representing 4.9% of the total registry population, were identified as having aneurysmal disease. No significant differences were noted between aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal coronary disease patients when features such as hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities, family history, cigarette consumption, incidence of documented myocardial infarction, presence and severity of angina, and presence of peripheral vascular disease were examined. In addition, no difference in 5-year medical survival was noted between these two groups. These findings suggest that aneurysmal coronary disease does not represent a distinct clinical entity but is, rather, a variant of coronary atherosclerosis.
A connection between filter stabilization and eddy viscosity models

Recently, a new approach for the stabilization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for high Reynolds numbers was introduced based on the nonlinear differential filtering of solutions on every time step of a discrete scheme. In this article, the stabilization is shown to be equivalent to a certain eddy‐viscosity model in Large Eddy Simulation. This allows a refined analysis and further understanding of desired filter properties. We also consider the application of the filtering in a projection (pressure correction) method, the standard splitting algorithm for time integration of the incompressible fluid equations. The article proves an estimate on the convergence of the filtered numerical solution to the corresponding Navier‐Stokes solution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Do the Broad Emission Line Clouds See the Same Continuum That We See?

Recent observations of quasars, Mrk 335 and the HST quasar composite spectrum, have indicated that many quasars have remarkably soft ionizing continua (fν ∝ ν-2, 13.6-100 eV). We point out that the number of photons with hν > 54.4 eV is insufficient to create the observed strengths of the He II emission lines. While the numbers of photons which energize C IV λ1549 and O VI λ1034 are sufficient, even the most efficiently emitting clouds for these two lines must each cover at least 20%-40% of the source. If the typical quasar ionizing continuum is indeed this soft, then we must conclude that the broad emission line clouds must see a very different (harder) continuum than we see. The other viable possibility is that the UV-EUV SED is double peaked, with the second peaking near 54 eV, its Wien tail being the observed soft X-ray excess.
COEFFICIENTS OF HALF-INTEGRAL WEIGHT MODULAR FORMS

In this paper we study the distribution of the coefficients a(n) of half integral weight modular forms modulo odd integers M . As a consequence we obtain improvements of indivisibility results for the central critical values of quadratic twists of L-functions associated with integral weight newforms established in [O-S]. Moreover, we find a simple criterion for proving cases of Newman’s conjecture for the partition function.
Achieving the triple bottom line in the face of inherent trade-offs among social equity, economic return, and conservation

Triple–bottom-line outcomes from resource management and conservation, where conservation goals and equity in social outcomes are maximized while overall costs are minimized, remain a highly sought-after ideal. However, despite widespread recognition of the importance that equitable distribution of benefits or costs across society can play in conservation success, little formal theory exists for how to explicitly incorporate equity into conservation planning and prioritization. Here, we develop that theory and implement it for three very different case studies in California (United States), Raja Ampat (Indonesia), and the wider Coral Triangle region (Southeast Asia). We show that equity tends to trade off nonlinearly with the potential to achieve conservation objectives, such that similar conservation outcomes can be possible with greater equity, to a point. However, these case studies also produce a range of trade-off typologies between equity and conservation, depending on how one defines and measures social equity, including direct (linear) and no trade-off. Important gaps remain in our understanding, most notably how equity influences probability of conservation success, in turn affecting the actual ability to achieve conservation objectives. Results here provide an important foundation for moving the science and practice of conservation planning—and broader spatial planning in general—toward more consistently achieving efficient, equitable, and effective outcomes.
Imitation , Local Interaction , and Coordination : Part I

This paper analyzes players’ long run behavior in evolutionary coordination games with local interaction and imitation. Players are assumed to interact only with their neighbors, and to imitate the successful actions taken by their neighbors or themselves. It is found that the payoff-dominant equilibrium could prevail in the long run. We also derive the conditions under which both risk–dominant-strategy and payoff-dominantstrategy takers would coexist in the long run. And the risk-dominant equilibrium is the unique long run equilibrium for the rest cases. Moreover, the convergence rates to all the equilibria are reported.
Cognitive rehabilitation of attention and memory in depression

Background: Cognitive deficits are an important component of depression and may remain impaired after recovery from depression. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in depression on cognitive dysfunction in the area of attention and memory. Materials and Methods: The study was hospital based pre- and post-intervention with follow-up assessment design. Selection of the depressive patients was by purposive sampling. The sample size consists of 30 intervention depressive patients included in the study after giving written informed consent. After preassessment, all patients underwent 15 sessions as part of cognitive rehabilitation. Postassessment was done to see the outcome of cognitive rehabilitation after 3 months follow-up. Results: After the intervention, there was significant improvement in attention and memory area. Along with these deficits, their basic living skills were also improved. Conclusion: Cognitive rehabilitation techniques are useful in remediating cognitive dysfunction in the area of attention and memory in patients with depression.
A Berger-Levy energy efficient neuron model with unequal synaptic weights

How neurons in the cerebral cortex process and transmit information is a long-standing question in systems neuroscience. To analyze neuronal activity from an information-energy efficiency standpoint, Berger and Levy calculated the maximum Shannon mutual information transfer per unit of energy expenditure of an idealized integrate-and-fire (IIF) neuron whose excitatory synapses all have the same weight. Here, we extend their IIF model to a biophysically more realistic one in which synaptic weights are unequal. Using information theory, random Poisson measures, and the maximum entropy principle, we show that the probability density function (pdf) of interspike interval (ISI) duration induced by the bits per joule (bpj) maximizing pdf fΛ(λ) of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) intensity remains equal to the delayed gamma distribution of the IIF model. We then show that, in the case of unequal weights, fΛ(·) satisfies an inhomogeneous Cauchy-Euler equation with variable coefficients for which we provide the general solution form.
Handover Adaptation for Dynamic Load Balancing in 3GPP Long Term Evolution Systems

The long-Term Evolution (LTE) of the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) radio access network is in early stage of specification. Self-tuning and self-optimisation algorithms are currently studied with the aim of enriching the LTE standard. This paper investigates auto-tuning of LTE mobility algorithm. The auto-tuning is carried out by adapting handover parameters of each base station according to its radio load and the load of its adjacent cells. The auto-tuning alleviates cell congestion and balances the traffic and the load between cells by handing off mobiles close to the cell border from the congested cell to its neighbouring cells. Simulation results show that the auto-tuning process brings an important gain in both call admission rate and user throughput.
Overall and cause-specific mortality among patients with tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE To assess overall and cause-specific mortality among patients with tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Estonia. DESIGN A total of 2449 patients diagnosed with active respiratory TB from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2009 were followed up retrospectively until 31 December 2011. To estimate the risk of death, standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and mortality rate ratios (RR) were calculated. RESULTS The SMR for all-cause mortality among those diagnosed with TB was 5.30 (95%CI 4.85-5.75) in males and 10.00 (95%CI 8.25-11.74) in females. The relative risk of death from TB was higher among MDR-TB patients (adjusted RR in males 2.98, 95%CI 2.00-4.44, and in females 3.26, 95%CI 1.42-7.50) than among non-MDR-TB patients. Among the cohort of successfully treated patients, the SMR for all-cause mortality was 3.46 (95%CI 3.08-3.84) in males and 6.24 (95%CI 4.86-7.88) in females. Lower education level and foreign ethnicity contributed to the higher risk of mortality. Previous history of successfully treated MDR-TB did not increase the risk of death compared to successfully treated non-MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS Mortality among successfully treated TB and MDR-TB patients remained higher than among the general population. It was influenced by foreign ethnicity and lower education but, importantly, not by previous history of MDR-TB.
Empowerment or enslavement?: A case of process-based organisational change in Hong Kong

Employee empowerment is commonly a fundamental part of the prescriptions offered to improve business performance. However, business process improvement and many other organisational development and change initiatives tend to encapsulate the values of the societies and organisations in which they were developed – and such values are not universal. The case of a business process re‐engineering project in Hong Kong illustrates an attempt to empower team members that paradoxically resulted in their psychological enslavement. The roles of cultural differences and reward systems in producing unintended consequences are analysed while the implications of the case for both research and practice are considered.
Adjustment of age-related height decline for Chinese - a 'natural experiment' longitudinal survey using archival data*

"Height data are a useful and concise summary measure of human welfare for historical populations in absence of conventional economical data. Most historical studies use the final attained height of adults aged between about 20-23 and 49 years on the premise that younger subjects were still growing and older subjects had begun to shrink. Data outside this range are discarded. For many studies the data lost is small and of little consequence for the study. However, where the sample includes many people older than 50 years the exclusion of these may make analysis impractical because of the resulting small sample size. Several studies have used a variety of approaches adjust height-for-age of older subjects to estimate the original attained height before next estimating the secular trend in heights. These adjustments are based on studies of the aging of European-origin populations, which may not fit the pattern observed in other human populations, such as the Chinese. In this paper I use data for nineteenth-century born Chinese immigrants to Australia whose heights were recorded repeatedly to simulate a longitudinal age-related height shrinkage study. The estimates of shrinkage are compared with estimates from other studies and applied to other archive-derived height data for Chinese to examine the reliability of adjusted height estimates in calculating secular trends in height, and in turn making inferences about their welfare. "
Analytical Methods for Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Scent-Markings in Large Wild Mammals: A Review

In conjoining the disciplines of “ethology” and “chemistry” the field of “Ethochemistry” has been instituted. Ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. Chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. Particular attention has recently been focused on scent-marking analysis of great cats (Kalahari leopards (Panthera pardus), puma (Puma concolor) snow leopard (Panthera uncia), African lions (Panthera leo), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), and tigers (Panthera tigris)) for the purpose of conservation. Sensory analyses of scent-markings could address knowledge gaps in ethochemistry. The objective of this review is to summarize the current state-of-the art of both the chemical and sensory analyses of scent-markings in wild mammals. Specific focus is placed on sampling and sample preparation, chemical analysis, sensory analysis, and simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses. Constituents of exocrine and endocrine secretions have been most commonly studied with chromatography-based analytical separations. Odor analysis of scent-markings provides an insight into the animal's sensory perception. A limited number of articles have been published in the area of sensory characterization of scent marks. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses with chromatography-olfactometry hyphenation could potentially aid conservation efforts by linking perceived odor, compounds responsible for odor, and resulting behavior.
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to determine whether improvements in metabolic control can ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes and evaluate the possibility that such improvements are mediated by changes in circulating insulin or insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized double-blind trial enrolled 145 subjects at 18 centers in the U.S. Older adults with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin monotherapy received add-on therapy with either rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer, or glyburide. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and week 24 using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS Pretreatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in both groups was similar, and after 24 weeks both treatment groups showed similar significant reductions in FPG (2.1-2.3 mmol/l). Working memory improved with both rosiglitazone (P < 0.001) and glyburide (P = 0.017). Improvement (25-31% reduction in errors) was most evident on the Paired Associates Learning Test and was significantly correlated (r = 0.30) with improved glycemic control as measured by FPG. CONCLUSIONS Similar and statistically significant cognitive improvement was observed with both rosiglitazone and glyburide therapy, and the magnitude of this effect was correlated with the degree to which FPG improved. These results suggest that a cognitive benefit is achievable with pharmacological interventions targeting glycemic control.
Vascular Sensitivity to Phenylephrine in Rats Submitted to Anaerobic Training and Nandrolone Treatment

The effect of anaerobic physical training and nandrolone treatment on the sensitivity to phenylephrine in thoracic aorta and lipoprotein plasma levels of rats was studied. Sedentary and trained male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or nandrolone (5 mg/kg IM; twice per week) for 6 weeks. Training was performed by jumping into water (4 sets, 10 repetitions, 30-second rest, 50% to 70% body weight load, 5 days/week, 6 weeks). Two days after the last training session, the animals were killed and blood samples for lipoprotein dosage were obtained. Thoracic aorta was isolated and concentration–effect curves of phenylephrine were performed in intact endothelium and endothelium-denuded aortic rings in the absence or presence of NG-l-arginine-methyl ester. No changes were observed in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. However, in endothelium-intact thoracic aorta, anaerobic physical training induced subsensitivity to phenylephrine (pD2=7.11±0.07) compared with sedentary group (7.55±1.74), and this effect was canceled by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. No difference was observed between trained (7.22±0.07) and sedentary (7.28±0.09) groups treated with nandrolone. Anaerobic training induced an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels in vehicle-treated rats, but there were no changes in nandrolone-treated groups. Training associated with nandrolone induced an increase in low-density lipoprotein levels but no change in the other groups. If altering endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is considered to be a beneficial adaptation to anaerobic physical training, it is concluded that nandrolone treatment worsens animals' endothelial function, and this effect may be related to lipoprotein blood levels.
Phytoremediation of Chlorpyrifos by Populus and Salix

Chlorpyrifos is one of the commonly used organophosphorus insecticides that are implicated in serious environmental and human health problems. To evaluate plant potential for uptake of chlorpyrifos, several plant species of poplar (Populus sp.) and willow (Salix sp.) were investigated. Chlorpyrifos was taken up from nutrient solution by all seven plant species. Significant amounts of chlorpyrifos accumulated in plant tissues, and roots accumulated higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos than did shoots. Chlorpyrifos did not persist in the plant tissues, suggesting further metabolism of chlorpyrifos in plant tissue. To our knowledge, this work represents the first report for phytoremediation of chlorpyrifos using poplar and willow plants.
Colorectal Carcinogenesis: MSI-H Versus MSI-L

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a well-recognized phenomenon that is classically a feature of tumors in the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal syndrome. Ten to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers, however, will have MSI. Microsatellite unstable tumors can be divided into two distinct MSI phenotypes: MSI-high (MSI-H) and MSI-low (MSI-L). MSI sporadic colorectal cancers with a high level of MSI (MSI-H) form a well defined group with distinct clinicopathologic features characterized by an overall better long-term prognosis. These sporadic MSI-H colorectal tumors most often arise from the epigenetic silencing of the mismatch repair gene MLH1. In contrast, MSI-L colorectal tumors have not been shown to differ in their clinicopathologic features or in most molecular features from microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Unlike MSI-H tumors, MSI-L tumors appear to arise through the chromosomal instability carcinogenesis pathway, similar to MSS tumors. Some groups have reported more frequent mutations in K-ras and in the methylation of methylguanine transferase in MSI-L tumors, but others have questioned these findings. Therefore, although the use of the MSI-L category is widespread, there continues to be some debate as to whether a discrete MSI-L group truly exists. Rather, it has been suggested that MSI-L tumors differ quantitatively from MSS tumors but do not differ qualitatively. Future studies will need to evaluate the specific mutations in non-MSI-H tumors in an attempt to sub-classify MSI-L tumors with regard to MSS tumors so that subtle differences between these two sub-groups can be identified.
Probabilistic inference of short-term synaptic plasticity in neocortical microcircuits

Short-term synaptic plasticity is highly diverse across brain area, cortical layer, cell type, and developmental stage. Since short-term plasticity (STP) strongly shapes neural dynamics, this diversity suggests a specific and essential role in neural information processing. Therefore, a correct characterization of short-term synaptic plasticity is an important step towards understanding and modeling neural systems. Phenomenological models have been developed, but they are usually fitted to experimental data using least-mean-square methods. We demonstrate that for typical synaptic dynamics such fitting may give unreliable results. As a solution, we introduce a Bayesian formulation, which yields the posterior distribution over the model parameters given the data. First, we show that common STP protocols yield broad distributions over some model parameters. Using our result we propose a experimental protocol to more accurately determine synaptic dynamics parameters. Next, we infer the model parameters using experimental data from three different neocortical excitatory connection types. This reveals connection-specific distributions, which we use to classify synaptic dynamics. Our approach to demarcate connection-specific synaptic dynamics is an important improvement on the state of the art and reveals novel features from existing data.
A keypoint-level parallel pipelined object recognition processor with gaze activation image sensor for mobile smart glasses system

In this paper, a low-power real-time gaze-activated object recognition processor is proposed for a battery-powered smart glasses system. For high energy efficiency, we propose keypoint-level pipelined architecture to increase the hardware utilziation which results in significant power reduction of the real-time recognition processor. In addition, low-power gaze-activation image sensor with mixed-mode architecture is proposed for the glass user's gaze estimation. Therefore, only the small image region where the glasses user is seeing needs to be processed by the recognition processor leading to further power reduction. As a result, the proposed object recognition processor shows 30fps real-time performance only with 75mW power consumption, which is 3.5x and 4.4x smaller power than the state-of-the-art works.