Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines would trade superior tolerability for inferior protection

Notifications of infant deaths, assumed to be related to the introduction of new pentavalent DTwP-Hib-HBV childhood vaccines, caused, during 2008–2010 in few Asian countries, temporary interruptions of the respective vaccination programs. The sudden appearance of fatal cases was due to increased awareness/publicity and improved safety monitoring/reporting in countries with relatively high background infant mortalities. WHO investigations could not establish any causal relationships and vaccinations were again resumed. Recently, questions were raised in one concerned country as to why not to change to less reactogenic acellular pertussis (aP)-containing vaccines that are available in private practice and are generally perceived as ‘better’. For resource-poor countries, the financial impacts render such a switch impossible and would also not be supported by external funding. Furthermore, it would be a disservice to the children, as in recent years evidence of inferior long-term efficacy of aP vaccines has accumulated. This report summarizes current knowledge on comparative whole-cell pertussis (wP) and aP vaccine performance, outlines the new July 2014 WHO guidance on the choice of pertussis vaccines and presents recent data on outbreak protection, antibody waning, long-term protection, wP-priming, pathogen adaptation, transmission and herd immunity.
Managing Workplace Sexual Harassment: The Role of Training Diversity, Quantity, and Recency

Sexual harassment remains a persistent problem for business organizations. Case law, especially that emanating from the Supreme Court, makes it management’s responsibility to implement programs reasonably calculated to prevent harassment, or else face heightened liability. A common element often found in these preventative programs includes some form of harassment training. Indeed, several states have gone so far as to mandate sexual harassment training. Despite this, little research exists to demonstrate the efficacy of sexual harassment training programs. Further, no research has indicated that training equips managers with the ability to respond with an appropriate action. The following study addresses this issue by examining whether training diversity (i.e., number of training methods), training quantity (i.e., cumulative training hours), and training recency (i.e., elapsed time since training) predict one’s ability to (a) correctly identify instances of sexual harassment and (b) take an appropriate action. Results suggest that individual difference variables unrelated to training predict one’s ability to correctly identify sexual harassment. Training diversity, quantity, and recency add incremental variance to this prediction. No such relationship was found among these predictor variables and one’s ability to take an appropriate action. Implications concerning these results are offered along with directions for future research.
Psychological Consequences of Longevity

How do changes in life expectancy and longevity affect life-span development? This paper argues that historical increases in life expectancy primarily have an impact on the later and less on the earlier parts of the life span. Increased life expectancy is both a challenge and an opportunity for positive development. A perspective is outlined according to which self-regulation is a key factor for successful aging. Assuming a compensatory relationship of social norms/expectations and self-regulation for developmental regulation, processes such as setting, pursuing, and disengaging from personal goals should be particularly important in old age, a life phase that is characterized by being less normatively structured than younger phases. This argument is elaborated in the domains of social relations, leisure, and work.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in Cellular Uplink and Downlink: Challenges and Enabling Techniques

By combining the concepts of superposition coding at the transmitter(s) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver(s), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently emerged as a promising multiple access technique for 5G wireless technology. In this article, we first discuss the fundamentals of uplink and downlink NOMA transmissions and outline their key distinctions (in terms of implementation complexity, detection and decoding at the SIC receiver(s), incurred intra-cell and inter-cell interferences). Later, for both downlink and uplink NOMA, we theoretically derive the NOMA dominant condition for each individual user in a two-user NOMA cluster. NOMA dominant condition refers to the condition under which the spectral efficiency gains of NOMA are guaranteed compared to conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). The derived conditions provide direct insights on selecting appropriate users in two-user NOMA clusters. The conditions are distinct for uplink and downlink as well as for each individual user. Numerical results show the significance of the derived conditions for the user selection in uplink/downlink NOMA clusters and provide a comparison to the random user selection. A brief overview of the recent research investigations is then provided to highlight the existing research gaps. Finally, we discuss the potential applications and key challenges of NOMA transmissions.
SATURABLE DISTRIBUTION OF TACRINE INTO THE STRIATAL EXTRACELLULAR FLUID OF THE RAT: EVIDENCE OF INVOLVEMENT OF MULTIPLE ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTERS IN THE TRANSPORT

The kinetics and mechanism by which tacrine is distributed in the rat brain were examined. Tacrine levels in plasma and striatal extracellular fluid were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this process. The KD,brain was decreased with the dose for tacrine, indicating that the distribution to the brain is saturable. The uptake of organic cations such as choline, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), and carnitine was inhibited by the addition of tacrine to cultures of mouse immortalized brain capillary endothelial cells. In addition, the apical to basal transport and basal to apical transport of tacrine were inhibited by the addition of organic cations to cultures of LLC-PK1 cells, suggesting that tacrine transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mediated by organic cation transport system(s). Consistent with the in vitro results, a standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedure was able to amplify the message of mOCT2 and mOCTN2, but not mOCT1, in MBEC4 (mouse brain microvessel endothelial cell line 4) cells. Similarly, mRNAs for rOCT2 and rOCTN2 were present in representative rat brain samples. To determine whether OCT2 and/or OCTN2 transport tacrine, these transporters were cloned and then transfected in SK-HEP1 and HEK 293 cells. The uptake of choline, MPP, and TEA was inhibited by the presence of tacrine in rOCT2-expressing SK-HEP1 cells, whereas the uptake of carnitine was inhibited by the presence of tacrine in rOCTN2-expressing HEK 293 cells. Collectively, these observations suggest that the transport of tacrine across the BBB is mediated, at least in part, by multiple organic cation transport systems in rats.
Segmentation of speech using speaker identification

This paper describes techniques for segmentation of conversational speech based on speaker identity. Speaker segmentation is performed using Viterbi decoding on a hidden Markov model network consisting of interconnected speaker sub-networks. Speaker sub-networks are initialized using Baum-Welch training on data labeled by speaker, and are iteratively retrained based on the previous segmentation. If data labeled by speaker is not available, agglomerative clustering is used to approximately segment the conversational speech according to speaker prior to Baum-Welch training. The distance measure for the clustering is a likelihood ratio in which speakers are modeled by Gaussian distributions. The distance between merged segments is recomputed at each stage of the clustering, and a duration model is used to bias the likelihood ratio. Segmentation accuracy using agglomerative clustering initialization matches accuracy using initialization with speaker labeled data. <<ETX>>
Expanded palette of Nano-lanterns for real-time multicolor luminescence imaging

Significance The application of luminescence imaging has been limited mainly by the two drawbacks of luciferases: low brightness and poor color variants. Here, we report the development of cyan and orange luminescent proteins approximately 20 times brighter than the wild-type Renilla luciferase. The color change and enhancement of brightness were both achieved by exploring bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) from enhanced Renilla luciferase to a fluorescent protein, a technology that we previously reported for the development of the bright yellowish-green luminescent protein Nano-lantern. These cyan and orange Nano-lanterns along with the original yellow Nano-lantern enable monitoring of multiple cellular events, including dynamics of subcellular structures, gene expressions, and functional status, such as intracellular Ca2+ change. Fluorescence live imaging has become an essential methodology in modern cell biology. However, fluorescence requires excitation light, which can sometimes cause potential problems, such as autofluorescence, phototoxicity, and photobleaching. Furthermore, combined with recent optogenetic tools, the light illumination can trigger their unintended activation. Because luminescence imaging does not require excitation light, it is a good candidate as an alternative imaging modality to circumvent these problems. The application of luminescence imaging, however, has been limited by the two drawbacks of existing luminescent protein probes, such as luciferases: namely, low brightness and poor color variants. Here, we report the development of bright cyan and orange luminescent proteins by extending our previous development of the bright yellowish-green luminescent protein Nano-lantern. The color change and the enhancement of brightness were both achieved by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) from enhanced Renilla luciferase to a fluorescent protein. The brightness of these cyan and orange Nano-lanterns was ∼20 times brighter than wild-type Renilla luciferase, which allowed us to perform multicolor live imaging of intracellular submicron structures. The rapid dynamics of endosomes and peroxisomes were visualized at around 1-s temporal resolution, and the slow dynamics of focal adhesions were continuously imaged for longer than a few hours without photobleaching or photodamage. In addition, we extended the application of these multicolor Nano-lanterns to simultaneous monitoring of multiple gene expression or Ca2+ dynamics in different cellular compartments in a single cell.
The Role of Shear Stress in Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation and Failure: A Systematic Review

Introduction Non-maturation and post-maturation venous stenosis are the primary causes of failure within arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs). Although the exact mechanisms triggering failure remain unclear, abnormal hemodynamic profiles are thought to mediate vascular remodelling and can adversely impact on fistula patency. Aim The review aims to clarify the role of shear stress on outward remodelling during maturation and evaluate the evidence supporting theories related to the localisation and development of intimal hyperplasia within AVFs. Methods A systematic review of studies comparing remodelling data with hemodynamic data obtained from computational fluid dynamics of AVFs during and after maturation was conducted. Results Outward remodelling occurred to reduce or normalise the level of shear stress over time in fistulae with a large radius of curvature (curved) whereas shear stress was found to augment over time in fistulae with a small radius of curvature (straight) coinciding with minimal to no increases in lumen area. Although this review highlighted that there is a growing body of evidence suggesting low and oscillating shear stress may stimulate the initiation and development of intimal medial thickening within AVFs. Further lines of evidence are needed to support the disturbed flow theory and outward remodelling findings before surgical configurations and treatment strategies are optimised to conform to them. This review highlighted that variation between the time of analysis, classification of IH, resolution of simulations, data processing techniques and omission of various shear stress metrics prevented forming pooling of data amongst studies. Conclusion Standardised measurements and data processing techniques are needed to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between shear stress and intimal medial thickening. Advances in image acquisition and flow quantifications coupled with the increasing prevalence of longitudinal studies commencing from fistula creation offer viable techniques and strategies to robustly evaluate the relationship between shear stress and remodelling during maturation and thereafter.
Direct vesicular transport of MHC class II molecules from lysosomal structures to the cell surface

Newly synthesized MHC class II molecules are sorted to lysosomal structures where peptide loading can occur. Beyond this point in biosynthesis, no MHC class II molecules have been detected at locations other than the cell surface. We studied this step in intracellular transport by visualizing MHC class II molecules in living cells. For this purpose we stably expressed a modified HLA-DR1 beta chain with the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) coupled to its cytoplasmic tail (beta- GFP) in class II-expressing Mel JuSo cells. This modification of the class II beta chain does not affect assembly, intracellular distribution, and peptide loading of the MHC class II complex. Transport of the class II/ beta-GFP chimera was studied in living cells at 37 degrees C. We visualize rapid movement of acidic class II/beta- GFP containing vesicles from lysosomal compartments to the plasma membrane and show that fusion of these vesicles with the plasma membrane occurs. Furthermore, we show that this transport route does not intersect the earlier endosomal pathway.
LOW-FREQUENCY IMAGING OF FIELDS AT HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDE WITH THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY 32 ELEMENT PROTOTYPE

The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a new low-frequency, wide-field-of-view radio interferometer under development at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. We have used a 32 element MWA prototype interferometer (MWA-32T) to observe two 50° diameter fields in the southern sky, covering a total of ∼2700 deg2, in order to evaluate the performance of the MWA-32T, to develop techniques for epoch of reionization experiments, and to make measurements of astronomical foregrounds. We developed a calibration and imaging pipeline for the MWA-32T, and used it to produce ∼15′ angular resolution maps of the two fields in the 110–200 MHz band. We perform a blind source extraction using these confusion-limited images, and detect 655 sources at high significance with an additional 871 lower significance source candidates. We compare these sources with existing low-frequency radio surveys in order to assess the MWA-32T system performance, wide-field analysis algorithms, and catalog quality. Our source catalog is found to agree well with existing low-frequency surveys in these regions of the sky and with statistical distributions of point sources derived from Northern Hemisphere surveys; it represents one of the deepest surveys to date of this sky field in the 110–200 MHz band.
The Effect of the Secret Ballot on Party System Fragmentation: A Test of Three Competing Arguments

Few studies have examined the impact that the adoption of the secret ballot had on party system fragmentation outside the United States. This article tests arguments maintaining that the adoption of the secret ballot had a negative, positive or nil effect on party system fragmentation. Using time-series cross-sectional data from several countries adopting the secret ballot around the turn of the twentieth century the results demonstrate that the adoption of the secret ballot did not hinder – though did not favour, either – the development of multiparty systems.
The theory of cognitive dissonance By

cognitive dissonance (psych world) missouri s&t the theory of cognitive dissonance adam kowol this article was originally published in the encyclopedia the advances in the history of cognitive dissonance theory explaining preferences from behavior: a cognitive cognitive dissonance 1 theory paper wordpress theory of cognitive dissonance as it pertains to morality cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger (1957) drones and cognitive dissonance georgetown law cognitive dissonance theory wikispaces moral emotions, conscience, and cognitive dissonance self-perception: an alternative interpretation of dissonance and self-perception: an integrative view of cognitive dissonance and its impact on consumer buying a review of cognitive dissonance theory in sage pub cognitive dissonance university university of arizona cognitive dissonance and consumer behavior: a reviev/ of the impact on consumer buying behaviour: cognitive dissonance cognitive dissonance: a critical tool in social justice a theory of cognitive dissonance bebooki a theory of cognitive dissonance louduk understanding cognitive dissonance-the behavioural finance understanding cognitive dissonance in smoking behaviour: a 14, no. 1, testing the self-perception explanation of revisiting cognitive dissonance theory:predecisional cognitive dissonance theory: a case study of loving v cognitive dissonance in groups: the consequences of consumer cognitive dissonance behavior in grocery shopping a theory of cognitive dissonance joddle cognitive dissonance on the u.s. supreme court a theory of cognitive dissonance mmmrsn theory of cognitive dissonance surfem looking for someone to blame: delegation, cognitive a self-standards model of cognitive dissonance social psychology ul-lafayette computing support services cognitive dissonance theory researchgate share and cognitive dissonance – a recruiting theory in practice chapter 3 festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance theory of cognitive dissonance ttpltd introduction free choice cognitive dissonance looking for someone to blame: delegation, cognitive coming to terms with one’s choices : post-decisional using cognitive dissonance to encourage water conservation1 social expectancies and cognitive dissonance: perceiving cognitive dissonance and its effects on religious beliefs donor dissonance nca09 wikispaces cognitive dissonance theory: effects of insufficient cognitive dissonance, the global financial crisis and
Learning to Identify Fragmented Words in Spoken Discourse

Disfluent speech adds to the difficulty of processing spoken language utterances. In this paper we concentrate on identifying one disfluency phenomenon: fragmented words. Our data, from the Spoken Dutch Corpus, samples nearly 45,000 sentences of human discourse, ranging from spontaneous chat to media broadcasts. We classify each lexical item in a sentence either as a completely or an incompletely uttered, i.e. fragmented, word. The task is carried out both by the IB 1 and RIPPER machine learning algorithms, trained on a variety of features with an extensive optimization strategy. Our best classifier has a 74.9% F-score, which is a significant improvement over the baseline. We discuss why memory-based learning has more success than rule induction in correctly classifying fragmented words.
Parents’ Support and Achievement in a Mexican Elementary School: Child’s Perception and Parents’ Self-Evaluation

This study investigated the influence of family support on the academic performance of 131 fifth graders attending elementary school in Mexico. Perceptions of parental support were assessed using questionnaires administered to students and their parents regarding four components of support: 1) Assisting with homework; 2) Providing time and adequate space; 3) Communicating with teachers; and 4) Carrying out review and assessment activities. Children’s written language was assessed using an instrument linked to the curriculum. Following exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, an instrument was obtained to measure written language with good convergent and divergent validity for three aspects of written language: ability to reflect on language, text production, and vocabulary communication. Results support the hypothesis that the written language achievement of fifth graders is largely explained by the family support made available to them.
Identifying the Factors Affecting Science and Mathematics Achievement Using Data Mining Methods.

The purpose of this article is to identify the order of significance of the variables that affect science and mathematics achievement in middle school students. For this aim, the study deals with the relationship between science and math in terms of different angles using the perspectives of multiple causes-single effect and of multiple causes-multiple effects. Furthermore, the study examines and reveals how the reading skills, problem solving skills, cognitive and affective variables influence the math and science achievement. The data was collected from the results of Turkish students who participated in three international examinations; TIMSS 1999, PISA 2003 and PISA 2006. We analyzed the data using two data-mining methods (decision trees and clustering). The findings show that science or mathematics achievement is not influenced by the course-specific variable alone but also by other related variables. The following variables are the most important; the students’ reading and problem-solving skills affected both mathematics and science achievement; the mathematics achievement affected the science achievement; and the science achievement affected the mathematics achievement. It is also found that the affective variables have almost equally significant effects on the science and mathematics achievement.
Dengue virus-specific murine T-lymphocyte proliferation: serotype specificity and response to recombinant viral proteins

Definition of the T-lymphocyte responses to dengue viruses should aid in the development of safe and effective vaccines and help to explain the pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. In this study, we demonstrated that dengue virus-specific T lymphocytes were detected in spleen cells from dengue virus-immune mice using an in vitro proliferation assay. Following immunization with a single dose of infectious dengue virus, murine lymphocytes showed increased proliferation when incubated in the presence of viral antigens of the same serotype but not in the presence of control antigens. Depletion experiments with antibody and complement showed that the population of responding cells expressed the Thy1+ L3T4+ Lyt2- phenotype. This indicates that the predominant proliferating cells are T lymphocytes of the helper-inducer phenotype. Dengue virus-specific memory lymphocyte responses were detectable for at least 22 weeks after immunization. The response to primary infection was primarily serotype specific, with some serotype cross-reactivity present at a low level. We demonstrated that lymphocytes from mice immunized with dengue 4 virus proliferate in response to a combination of dengue 4 virus C, pre-M, E, NS1, and NS2a proteins expressed in Sf9 cells with a recombinant baculovirus, and, to a lesser extent, to the dengue 4 virus E protein alone.