Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS ON STUDENTS’ WRITING

This study was conducted to find out the grammatical errors on students’ writing. Grammatical errors were analyzed based on surface strategy taxonomy by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen. It consisted of four types, they were omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. There were 27 students that became the subject of this research. The purpose of this research was to identify and describe the dominant types of grammatical errors on students’ writing and to know to what extent the factors cause grammatical errors on students’ writing. Qualitative and quantitative were chosen as the research design. Library research, analysis, documentation, writing test result, questionnaire, and interview were used as the instruments of the data collection. The result of this research showed that the number of errors occurred was 810 errors. Omission errors had the biggest percentage with the percentage of 37%, followed by addition errors with the percentage of 32%. Misformation errors was in the third position with the percentage of 30% while misordering errors became the lowest errors with the percentage of 1%. The factors causing errors were carelessness (73%), first language interference (61%), translation (67%), teacher’s explanation and students’ incomprehension about grammar. Based on the result of the data, the more factors faced by the students, the more frequency of errors on writing occurred. Therefore, the teacher should recognize the students’ errors and encourage them to learn grammar.
Photo Exhibition or Online Community? The Role of Social Interaction in Flickr

This paper presents the results of a user study based on nine interviews for members of the online photo-sharing service Flickr, and describes the social behaviors for building the community among the Flickr users. The study explores the role of social interaction in Flickr, and the results show that Flickr is more than just an online photo album and has many important social functions in users’ lives. It is used for telling about one’s lives and presenting one’s photographic skills, as well as for gaining a reputation through having content with good quality. Furthermore, several social behaviors for building and maintaining a community can be identified.
Transcriptome Profiling of the Cancer, Adjacent Non-Tumor and Distant Normal Tissues from a Colorectal Cancer Patient by Deep Sequencing

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. A genome-wide screening of transcriptome dysregulation between cancer and normal tissue would provide insight into the molecular basis of CRC initiation and progression. Compared with microarray technology, which is commonly used to identify transcriptional changes, the recently developed RNA-seq technique has the ability to detect other abnormal regulations in the cancer transcriptome, such as alternative splicing, novel transcripts or gene fusion. In this study, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing at ∼50× coverage on CRC, adjacent non-tumor and distant normal tissue. The results revealed cancer-specific, differentially expressed genes and differential alternative splicing, suggesting that the extracellular matrix and metabolic pathways are activated and the genes related to cell homeostasis are suppressed in CRC. In addition, one tumor-restricted gene fusion, PRTEN-NOTCH2, was also detected and experimentally confirmed. This study reveals some common features in tumor invasion and provides a comprehensive survey of the CRC transcriptome, which provides better insight into the complexity of regulatory changes during tumorigenesis.
Attention systems and the organization of the human parietal cortex

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare activity in the human parietal cortex in two attention-switching paradigms. On each trial of the visual switching (VS) paradigm, subjects attended to one of two visual stimuli on the basis of either their color or shape. Trials were presented in blocks interleaved with cues instructing subjects to either continue attending to the currently relevant dimension or to switch to the other stimulus dimension. In the response switching (RS) paradigm, subjects made one of two manual responses to the single stimulus presented on each trial. The rules for stimulus–response mapping were reversed on different trials. Trials were presented in blocks interleaved with cues that instructed subjects to either switch stimulus–response mapping rules or to continue with the current rule. Brain activity at “switch” and “stay” events was compared. The results revealed distinct parietal areas concerned with visual attentional set shifts (VS) and visuomotor intentional set shifts (RS). In VS, activity was recorded in the lateral part of the intraparietal region. In RS, activity was recorded in the posterior medial intraparietal region and adjacent posterior superior and dorsomedial parietal cortex. The results also suggest that the basic functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus and surrounding regions is similar in both macaque and human species.
User Experience and Security in the Cloud -- An Empirical Study in the Finnish Cloud Consortium

This paper presents an empirical analysis of security and user experience issues in cloud computing. The study is based on the assumption that superior user experience and user-centric security are the two crucial issues that help to build an overall experience for the cloud service user. Qualitative research analysis is used to collect perspectives of eleven experts from Finnish Cloud Software Program Consortium. The perspectives of these experts are then analyzed qualitatively and a thematic analysis is presented. As a result a range of issues related to user experience and security are identified, leading to a perspective of marrying security and user experience.
Impact of second line limiting amino acids’ deficiency in broilers fed low protein diets with rapeseed meal and de-oiled rice bran

Aim: To study the impact of deficiency of second line limiting amino acids (SLAA; valine, isoleucine and tryptophan) on the production performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers. Materials and Methods: A control (T1) corn-soy diet was formulated to contain all essential AA on standardized ileal digestible basis; While in T2-a ‘moderate SLAA deficit’ diet was formulated by replacement of soybean meal with 6% rapeseed meal and T3-a ‘high SLAA deficit’ diet was formulated by replacement of soybean meal with 6% de-oiled rice bran. Each of these treatments was allotted to six replicates of ten chicks each. During the 42 days experimental period, growth performance, carcass parameters and intake of metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP) and AA were studied. Results: The cumulative body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass cut weights and yields of carcass, breast and thighs were decreased (p<0.05) in T3 compared to T1. The absolute intake of ME, lysine, methionine + cysteine and threonine were not affected while intake of CP and all SLAA were reduced in SLAA deficit diets. The relative intake of ME, lysine, methionine + cysteine, threonine and SLAA reduced in T3 in comparison to T1. The relative weights of internal organs were not affected by treatments while the abdominal fat percentage was increased linearly to the magnitude of SLAA deficiency. Conclusion: The deficiency of SLAA decreased performance, carcass yields and impaired utilization of ME, CP and AA linearly to the magnitude of the deficiency.
Abundant Lipid and Protein Components of Drusen

Background Drusen are extracellular lesions characteristic of aging and age-related maculopathy, a major retinal disease of the elderly. We determined the relative proportions of lipids and proteins in drusen capped with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and in RPE isolated from non-macular regions of 36 human retinas with grossly normal maculas obtained <6 hr after death. Methodology/Principal Findings Druse pellets were examined by light and electron microscopy. Component proteins were extracted using novel methods for preserved tissues, separated, subjected to tryptic digestion and LC-MS(MS)2 analysis using an ion trap mass spectrometer, and identified with reference to databases. Lipid classes were separated using thin layer chromatography and quantified by densitometry. Major druse components were esterified cholesterol (EC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and protein (37.5±13.7, 36.9±12.9, and 43.0±11.5 ng/druse, respectively). Lipid-containing particles (median diameter, 77 nm) occupied 37–44% of druse volume. Major proteins include vitronectin, complement component 9, apoE, and clusterin, previously seen in drusen, and ATP synthase subunit β, scavenger receptor B2, and retinol dehydrogenase 5, previously seen in RPE. Drusen and RPE had similar protein profiles, with higher intensities and greater variability in drusen. C8, part of the complement membrane attack complex, was localized in drusen by immunofluorescence. Conclusions/Significance At least 40% of druse content is comprised by lipids dominated by EC and PC, 2 components that are potentially accounted for by just one pathway, the secretion of lipoproteins by RPE. Manipulating genes encoding apolipoprotein pathways would be a fruitful approach to producing drusen with high EC content in laboratory animals. Therapies that directly mitigate drusen should prepare for the substantial volume of neutral lipids. The catalog of major druse proteins is nearing completion.
Fast and Scalable Structural SVM with Slack Rescaling

We present an efficient method for training slack-rescaled structural SVM. Although finding the most violating label in a margin-rescaled formulation is often easy since the target function decomposes with respect to the structure, this is not the case for a slack-rescaled formulation, and finding the most violated label might be very difficult. Our core contribution is an efficient method for finding the most-violating-label in a slack-rescaled formulation, given an oracle that returns the most-violating-label in a (slightly modified) margin-rescaled formulation. We show that our method enables accurate and scalable training for slack-rescaled SVMs, reducing runtime by an order of magnitude compared to previous approaches to slack-rescaled SVMs.
All‐trans retinoic acid down‐regulates inflammatory responses by shifting the Treg/Th17 profile in human ulcerative and murine colitis

IBD is characterized by uncontrolled immune responses in inflamed mucosa, with dominance of IL‐17‐producing cells and deficiency of Treg cells. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanisms of RA, the ligand of RARα, on immune responses in human and murine colitis. Colonic biopsies from patients with UC were cultured and treated with RA as the agonist of RARα or LE135 as the antagonist of RARα. Expressions of IL‐17 and FOXP3 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Murine colitis was induced by intrarectal administration with TNBS at Day 1. Mice were then i.p.‐treated with RA or LE135 daily for 7 days. Cytokine levels in the cultures of mouse LPMCs were measured. Expressions of FOXP3 and IL‐17 in colon tissues or MLN were detected by immunohistological analysis. Body weight and colon inflammation were evaluated. RA treatment up‐regulated FOXP3 expression and down‐regulated IL‐17 expression in colon biopsies of patients and in colon tissues and MLN of mice with colitis compared with controls. LPMCs from RA‐treated mice produced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐17) but more regulatory cytokines (IL‐10, TGF‐β) compared with that of untreated mice. LE135 showed the opposite effect of RA. Furthermore, RA ameliorated TNBS‐induced colitis in a dose‐dependent manner, as seen by improved body weight and colon inflammation. RA down‐regulates colon inflammatory responses in patients with IBD in vitro and in murine colitis in vivo, representing a potential therapeutic approach in IBD treatment.
Eden: supporting home network management through interactive visual tools

As networking moves into the home, home users are increasingly being faced with complex network management chores. Previous research, however, has demonstrated the difficulty many users have in managing their networks. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that advanced network management tools - such as those developed for the enterprise - are generally too complex for home users, do not support the common tasks they face, and are not a good fit for the technical peculiarities of the home. This paper presents Eden, an interactive, direct manipulation home network management system aimed at end users. Eden supports a range of common tasks, and provides a simple conceptual model that can help users understand key aspects of networking better. The system leverages a novel home network router that acts as a "dropin" replacement for users' current router. We demonstrate that Eden not only improves the user experience of networking, but also aids users in forming workable conceptual models of how the network works.
Landfill: An Open Dataset of Code Smells with Public Evaluation

Code smells are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices that may hinder code comprehension and possibly increase change- and fault-proneness of source code. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature for detecting code smells. These techniques are generally evaluated by comparing their accuracy on a set of detected candidate code smells against a manually-produced oracle. Unfortunately, such comprehensive sets of annotated code smells are not available in the literature with only few exceptions. In this paper we contribute (i) a dataset of 243 instances of five types of code smells identified from 20 open source software projects, (ii) a systematic procedure for validating code smell datasets, (iii) LANDFILL, a Web-based platform for sharing code smell datasets, and (iv) a set of APIs for programmatically accessing LANDFILL's contents. Anyone can contribute to Landfill by (i) improving existing datasets (e.g., Adding missing instances of code smells, flagging possibly incorrectly classified instances), and (ii) sharing and posting new datasets. Landfill is available at www.sesa. unisa.it/landfill/, while the video demonstrating its features in action is available at http://www.sesa. unisa.it/tools/landfill.jsp.
A Distributed and Privacy-Aware Speed Advisory System for Optimizing Conventional and Electric Vehicle Networks

One of the key ideas to make intelligent transportation systems work effectively is to deploy advanced communication and cooperative control technologies among vehicles and road infrastructures. In this spirit, we propose a consensus-based distributed speed advisory system that optimally determines a recommended common speed for a given area in order that the group emissions, or group battery consumptions, are minimized. Our algorithms achieve this in a privacy-aware manner; that is, individual vehicles do not reveal in-vehicle information to other vehicles or to infrastructure. A mobility simulator is used to illustrate the efficacy of the algorithm, and hardware-in-the-loop tests involving a real vehicle are given to illustrate user acceptability and ease of deployment.
CD4 T Cells Mediate Both Positive and Negative Regulation of the Immune Response to HIV Infection: Complex Role of T Follicular Helper Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Pathogenesis

HIV-1 infection results in chronic activation of cells in lymphoid tissue, including T cells, B-cells, and myeloid lineage cells. The resulting characteristic hyperplasia is an amalgam of proliferating host immune cells in the adaptive response, increased concentrations of innate response mediators due to viral and bacterial products, and homeostatic responses to inflammation. While it is generally thought that CD4 T cells are greatly depleted, in fact, two types of CD4 T cells appear to be increased, namely, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). These cells have opposing roles, but may both be important in the pathogenic process. Whether Tregs are failing in their role to limit lymphocyte activation is unclear, but there is no doubt now that Tfh are associated with B-cell hyperplasia and increased germinal center activity. Antiretroviral therapy may reduce the lymphocyte activation, but not completely, and therefore, there is a need for interventions that selectively enhance normal CD4 function without exacerbating Tfh, B-cell, or Treg dysfunction.
Multi-Document Summarization by Capturing the Information Users are Interested in

This paper proposes a method for automatically generating summaries taking into account the information in which users may be interested. Our approach relies on existing model summaries from tourist sites and captures from them the type of information humans use to describe places around the world. Relational patterns are first extracted and categorized by the type of information they encode. Then, we apply them to the collection of input documents to automatically extract the most relevant sentences and build the summaries. In order to evaluate the performance of our approach, we conduct two types of evaluation. On the one hand, we use ROUGE to assess the information contained in our summaries against existing human written summaries, whereas on the other hand, we carry out a human readability evaluation. Our results indicate that our approach achieves high performance both in ROUGE and manual evaluation.
A fuzzy clustering algorithm for finding arbitrary shaped clusters

Until now, many algorithms have been introduced for finding arbitrary shaped clusters, but none of these algorithms is able to identify all sorts of cluster shapes and structures that are encountered in practice. Furthermore, the time complexity of the existing algorithms is usually high and applying them on large datasets is time-consuming. In this paper, a novel fast clustering algorithm is proposed. This algorithm distinguishes clusters of different shapes using a two- stage clustering approach. In the first stage, the data points are grouped into a relatively large number of fuzzy ellipsoidal sub-clusters. Then, connections between sub-clusters are established according to the Bhattacharya distances and final clusters are formed from the resulted graph of sub-clusters in the second stage. Experimental results show the ability of the proposed algorithm for finding clusters of different shapes.
4 Cognition – Emotion Interactions in Psychopathy : Implications for Theory and Practice

Cognitive and affective neuroscientists have made substantial progress specifying mechanisms underlying diverse processes, such as decision making and self-regulation. Increasingly, they also find that cognitive and affective processes are inextricably related and frequently interact to influence behavior (Bishop, Jenkins, & Lawrence, 2007; Davis & Whalen, 2001; Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1997; Pessoa, McKenna, Gutierrez, & Ungerleider, 2002; Phelps, 2006). Thus, it is not surprising that experimental psychopathologists are integrating these advances and adopting theoretical and methodological approaches that incorporate the complex relationships between cognition and emotion. This is evident in recent research on psychopathy. Psychopathy is a common and severe psychopathological disorder affecting approximately 1% of the general population and 25% of incarcerated male offenders (Hare, 2006; Neumann & Hare, 2008). Despite psychopathic individuals’ good intelligence and an absence of Axis I psychopathology (aside from substance abuse; Hart & Hare, 1989), they display an inability to form genuine relationships with parents, teachers, friends, or lovers; limited and superficial affective processing especially with respect to anticipatory anxiety and remorse; an impulsive behavioral style involving a general failure to evaluate anticipated actions and inhibit the inappropriate ones; and a chronic antisocial lifestyle that entails great costs to society as well as for the affected individual (e.g., incarceration). While both affective and behavioral characteristics are important elements of psychopathy, the affective deficits have traditionally been considered the root cause of the psychopath’s problems. Affective deficits in psychopathy have most often been understood in the context of the low-fear model (Lykken, 1957). However, this traditional view tends to
MICE: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R

The R package mice imputes incomplete multivariate data by chained equations. The software mice 1.0 appeared in the year 2000 as an S-PLUS library, and in 2001 as an R package. mice 1.0 introduced predictor selection, passive imputation and automatic pooling. This article documents mice, which extends the functionality of mice 1.0 in several ways. In mice, the analysis of imputed data is made completely general, whereas the range of models under which pooling works is substantially extended. mice adds new functionality for imputing multilevel data, automatic predictor selection, data handling, post-processing imputed values, specialized pooling routines, model selection tools, and diagnostic graphs. Imputation of categorical data is improved in order to bypass problems caused by perfect prediction. Special attention is paid to transformations, sum scores, indices and interactions using passive imputation, and to the proper setup of the predictor matrix. mice can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network. This article provides a hands-on, stepwise approach to solve applied incomplete data problems.
Hallucinated n-best lists for discriminative language modeling

This paper investigates semi-supervised methods for discriminative language modeling, whereby n-best lists are “hallucinated” for given reference text and are then used for training n-gram language models using the perceptron algorithm. We perform controlled experiments on a very strong baseline English CTS system, comparing three methods for simulating ASR output, and compare the results with training with “real” n-best list output from the baseline recognizer. We find that methods based on extracting phrasal cohorts - similar to methods from machine translation for extracting phrase tables - yielded the largest gains of our three methods, achieving over half of the WER reduction of the fully supervised methods.
Aware Home Visual Perception (Part I): Design and Algorithms

In this paper we present the design details of the visual perception system in Aware Home. This paper is intend to (a) detail our design details; (b) provide insights on how different parts of the tracking system are inter-related to solve complex perception tasks; (c) document ideas and potential research directions; (d) provide performance evaluation. This work will primarily focus on algorithm and design issues, while another Technical Report will be authored to address coding issues related to this system (APIs, class structures, etc).
A Model Enhancement Heuristic for Building Robust Aircraft Maintenance Personnel Rosters with Stochastic Constraints

This paper presents a heuristic approach to optimize staffing and scheduling at an aircraft maintenance company. The goal is to build robust aircraft maintenance personnel rosters that can achieve a certain service level while minimizing the total labor costs. Robust personnel rosters are rosters that can handle delays associated with stochastic flight arrival times. To deal with this stochasticity, a model enhancement algorithm is proposed that iteratively adjusts a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to a stochastic environment based on simulation results. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm with a computational experiment based on real life data of a large aircraft maintenance company located at Brussels Airport in Belgium. The obtained results are compared to deterministic optimization and straightforward optimization. Experiments demonstrate that our model can ensure a certain desired service level with an acceptable increase in labor costs when stochasticity is introduced in the aircraft arrival times.