Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Distribution of the Convergents of Almost All Real Numbers

be the development of E into a continued fraction (the LI’S are positive integers). pp)/&’ (1 < i < co) is the sequence of convergents belonging to 01. Let n, < n2 < . be any infinite sequence of integers. We are going to investigate the necessary and sufficient condition that for almost all a infinitely many of the a? ) should occur amongst the n’s. S. Hartman and P. Sziisz [I] proved that for almost all DI every arithmetic progression contains infinitely many qz(*), and P. S&z [2] obtained an asymptotic formula for the number of i < n for which 4:“’ lies (for almost all cx) in a given arithmetic progression. We are going to prove the following
Job Polarization and Task-Biased Technological Change : Sweden, 1975–2005

This paper investigates the connection between the Swedish wage profile of net job creation and Autor, Levy, and Murnane’s (2003) proposed substitutability between routine tasks and technology. We first show that between 1975 and 2005, Sweden exhibited a pattern of job polarization with expansions of the highest and lowest paid jobs compared to middle-wage jobs. We then use cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of job-specific employment to map out the importance of routine versus nonroutine tasks for these changes. Results are consistent with substitutability between routine tasks and technology as an important explanation for the observed job polarization during the 1990s and 2000s, but not during the 1970s and 1980s. In particular, the overrepresentation of routine tasks in middle-wage jobs can potentially explain 44 percent of the growth of low-wage jobs relative to middle-wage jobs after 1990 but largely lacks explanatory power in earlier years.
Prayer in Muslim families: A qualitative exploration

ABSTRACT This qualitative study seeks to examine one major aspect (or “pillar”) of Islam, prayer (salat). Prayer is a widely practiced religious act; however, a dearth of social science research exists on prayer in relation to Muslim couples and families. The influence of prayer among Muslim couples, marriages, and family life is explored to better inform social work practice in working with American Muslim families. Specifically, we address: (a) prayer during courtship, (b) prayer as a unifying influence in marriage, (c) “a prayer for everything” (even sexual intimacy), and (d) prayer as “the most important foundation” for family relationships. Supportive primary data and social work implications are presented.
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) assembles with substrates and misfolded membrane proteins into distinct oligomeric complexes

SPP (signal peptide peptidase) is an aspartyl intramembrane cleaving protease, which processes a subset of signal peptides, and is linked to the quality control of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane proteins. We analysed SPP interactions with signal peptides and other membrane proteins by co-immunoprecipitation assays. We found that SPP interacts specifically and tightly with a large range of newly synthesized membrane proteins, including signal peptides, preproteins and misfolded membrane proteins, but not with all co-expressed type II membrane proteins. Signal peptides are trapped by the catalytically inactive SPP mutant SPPD/A. Preproteins and misfolded membrane proteins interact with both SPP and the SPPD/A mutant, and are not substrates for SPP-mediated intramembrane proteolysis. Proteins interacting with SPP are found in distinct complexes of different sizes. A signal peptide is mainly trapped in a 200 kDa SPP complex, whereas a preprotein is predominantly found in a 600 kDa SPP complex. A misfolded membrane protein is detected in 200, 400 and 600 kDa SPP complexes. We conclude that SPP not only processes signal peptides, but also collects preproteins and misfolded membrane proteins that are destined for disposal.
Investigating investigators : how witness identifications and other evidence influence investigators

This research examined the influence of eyewitness identification decisions on participants in the role of police investigators. Undergraduate "investigators" interviewed confederate "witnesses" and then searched a computer database of potential suspects. The database included information on each suspect's physical description, prior criminal record, alibi, and fingerprints. Participants selected a suspect and estimated the probability that the suspect was guilty. Investigators subsequently administered a photo lineup to the witness and re-estimated the suspect's guilt. Investigators were greatly swayed by eyewitness decisions. If the witness identified the suspect probability estimates increased dramatically. If the witness identified an innocent lineup member or rejected the lineup,+ investigators' probability estimates dropped significantly, even when pre-lineup objective evidence (e.g., fingerprints) was strong. Eyewitness decisions similarly influenced investigators' confidence in the witness and willingness to arrest the suspect. Participant-investigators greatly overestimated the amount of information gain provided by eyewitness identifications. Table of
Distinctive working memory profiles in children with special educational needs

The working memory skills of children with four categories of special educational needs (SEN) were investigated: general learning difficulties, language problems, literacy problems, and attentional and behavioural problems. Children with general learning difficulties performed poorly on measures of all three components of the working memory model: the phonological loop, central executive, and the visuo‐spatial sketchpad. Children with problems specific to language had impairments of the phonological loop and the central executive only. The working memory abilities of the groups with literacy and behavioural problems fell within the normal range. These findings are explained in terms of specific roles played by components of working memory in supporting learning activities.
Conflict-free template access in k-ary and binomial trees

Load balanced data distribution among various memory modules in a multiprocessor architecture or among multiple disks in a parallel I/O subsystem is an important problem. The goal is to provide parallel access without memory conflicts to specified templates of a host data structure, using as few modules or disks as possible. An efficient solution to this problem leads to a higher memory bandwidth and hence better system performance. Since various kinds of trees are among the most frequently used data structures in numerous applications, we investigate conflict-free access to paths and subtrees in hosts like k-ary and binomial trees. Two schemes are developed for conflict-free path access: one is recursive while the other is direct and can be computed locally. Both the schemes use an optimal number of memory modules, equal to the size of the template, and evenly balance the memory load. For accessing subtrees of a given height in a k-ary tree, our approach uses a simple algebraic function based on the node index to map the host nodes into the memory modules. This assignment is direct, balanced and optimal in terms of the number of memory modules required. We also provide a scheme for conflict-free access to any binomial subtree of a given order in a binomial tree host. The large overlapping among various subtree instances brings out the intricacy of the problem and also justifies the requirement of more modules than the template size, which is the absolute lower bound on the number of memory modules. Therefore, we define what are called otiented subtrees, and restrict their occurrences in such a way that conflict-freeness can still be guaranteed with the same number of modules as the template size.
N A ] 3 1 Ja n 20 08 Weak Convergence in the Prokhorov Metric of Methods for Stochastic Differential Equations

We consider the weak convergence of numerical methods for st ochastic differential equations (SDEs). Weak convergence is usually expressed in terms of the convergenc e of expected values of test functions of the trajectories. Here we present an alternative formulation of weak converge nce in terms of the well-known Prokhorov metric on spaces of random variables. For a general class of methods, w e establish bounds on the rates of convergence in terms of the Prokhorov metric. In doing so, we revisit the ori ginal proofs of weak convergence and show explicitly how the bounds on the error depend on the smoothness of the tes functions. As an application of our result, we use the Strassen–Dudley theorem to show that the numerical appr oximation and the true solution to the system of SDEs can be re-embedded in a probability space in such a way that th e method converges there in a strong sense. One corollary of this last result is that the method converges in the Wasserstein distance, another metric on spaces of random variables. Another corollary establishes rates of c onvergence for expected values of test functions assuming only local Lipschitz continuity. We conclude with a review o f the existing results for pathwise convergence of weakly converging methods and the corresponding strong res ults available under re-embedding.
Perceived Relevance and Privacy Concern Regarding Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA) and Their Role in Consumer Responses

ABSTRACT This study investigated consumer responses to online behavioral advertising (OBA), particularly focusing on the role of perceived ad relevance and privacy concern as key perceptual factors influencing consumers’ attentional, attitudinal, and behavioral responses to such ads. An online survey with a sample of 292 U.S. consumers reveals that the respondents were somewhat strongly concerned about privacy risks regarding the collection and potential misuse of consumers’ online activity data, but did not seem to perceive OBA to be particularly personally relevant. However, perceived ad relevance was found to be a strong positive predictor of consumer responses to OBA, while privacy concern appeared to play a negative, yet less important, role.
Deployment Algorithms and In-Door Experimental Vehicles for Studying Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless communication has been traditionally used in robotics to transmit sensory and telemetry information between a robot and a base station. Because research in mobile robotics has typically focused on navigation, mapping and sensor fusion, network oriented problems such as communication bandwidth optimization, coverage and fault tolerance are not usually considered in this context. The motivation behind this research is formulating and solving combined robot navigation issues (such as obstacle avoidance, environment mapping and coverage) with sensor network issues (such as congestion control, routing and node energy minimization). In this paper we present several types of algorithms for mobile wireless sensor nodes (MWSN) as well as experimental results with a fleet of mobile robots and sensors in our lab. The algorithms include adaptive sampling (AS) for distributed field estimation, potential fields (PF) for communication bandwidth optimization, and a discrete event controller (DEC) for mission planning
Association of Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase (DBH) Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Parkinson’s Disease

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the association between 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene (rs1611115 and rs732833) and the susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Material/Methods Polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing (PCR-DS) was used to test the genotypes of DBH polymorphisms in 95 PD patients and 100 healthy examinees frequency-matched with the former by age and sex. The genotype and allele distribution differences between the case and control groups were analyzed by chi-square test, and the relative risk of PD in southern Chinese populations was expressed by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was also checked by chi-square test. Results The genotype and allele distribution frequencies in rs1611115 were obviously different between PD patients and the healthy control group (P<0.05). The TT genotype may lead to a 2.95 times higher risk of PD occurrence compared with the common genotype CC (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.02–8.51), and the C allele increased risk of onset of PD (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.17–2.82). Cognition of the PD patients was different between CC and CT+TT genotypes of rs1611115 (P=0.047). Conclusions DBH rs1611115 polymorphism was likely to be associated with the susceptibility to PD, but we did not find that rs732833 is a susceptibility marker for PD.
Structural genomics: Computational methods for structure analysis

The success of structural genomics initiatives requires the development and application of tools for structure analysis, prediction, and annotation. In this paper we review recent developments in these areas; specifically structure alignment, the detection of remote homologs and analogs, homology modeling and the use of structures to predict function. We also discuss various rationales for structural genomics initiatives. These include the structure‐based clustering of sequence space and genome‐wide function assignment. It is also argued that structural genomics can be integrated into more traditional biological research if specific biological questions are included in target selection strategies.
Switched Lightpaths for e-Health Applications: a Feasibility Study

The exploitation of switch lightpaths for e-science applications (ESLEA) project is evaluating the feasibility of using switched lightpath networks to support various e-science applications, with this feasibility being investigated through a number of case studies. In this paper we report on progress to date with respect to determining how such networks might be utilised to support distributed healthcare applications. In particular, we consider the context of the work undertaken, introduce our use cases, and discuss some of the challenges faced
Cyclic Interference Neutralization on the full-duplex relay-interference channel

In this work, we investigate the Interference Neutralization scheme on a 2×2×2 relay-interference channel w.r. t. the Cyclic Interference Alignment framework. We formulate sufficient and necessary conditions for this particular Interference Neutralization scheme to achieve the min-cut upper bound, i.e., two degrees of freedom, confirming the work on Aligned Interference Neutralization by Gou et al. Furthermore, we translate our proposed scheme to a generalized version of the asymptotic Aligned Interference Neutralization scheme based on spatial Interference Alignment.
A comparison of different wormhole routing schemes

Wormhole routing is an attractive scheme for large multicomputer networks. The authors include several such representative schemes and make performance comparisons via simulation on an N/spl times/N torus with nearest neighbor connections. A systematic performance scheme is followed, which shows that among all these 6 algorithms, worm1, a hill-climbing version, has a better performance. worm1, in addition, is simpler in structure and easier to implement. <<ETX>>
Turbulent gas motions in galaxy cluster simulations: the role of smoothed particle hydrodynamics viscosity

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) employs an artificial viscosity to properly capture hydrodynamic shock waves. In its original formulation, the resulting numerical viscosity is large enough to suppress structure in the velocity field on scales well above the nominal resolution limit, and to damp the generation of turbulence by fluid instabilities. This could artificially suppress random gas motions in the intracluster medium (ICM), which are driven by infalling structures during the hierarchical structure formation process. We show that this is indeed the case by analysing results obtained with an SPH formulation where an individual, time-variable viscosity is used for each particle, following a suggestion by Morris & Monaghan. Using test calculations involving strong shocks, we demonstrate that this scheme captures shocks as well as the original formulation of SPH, but, in regions away from shocks, the numerical viscosity is much smaller. In a set of nine high-resolution simulations of cosmological galaxy cluster formation, we find that this low-viscosity formulation of SPH produces substantially higher levels of turbulent gas motions in the ICM, reaching a kinetic energy content in random gas motions (measured within a 1-Mpc cube) of up to 5‐30 per cent of the thermal energy content, depending on cluster mass. This also has significant effects on radial gas profiles and bulk cluster properties. We find a central flattening of the entropy profile and a reduction of the central gas density in the low-viscosity scheme. As a consequence, the bolometric X-ray luminosity is decreased by about a factor of 2. However, the cluster temperature profile remains essentially unchanged. Interestingly, this tends to reduce the differences seen in SPH and adaptive mesh refinement simulations of cluster formation. Finally, invoking a model for particle acceleration by magnetohydrodynamics waves driven by turbulence, we find that efficient electron acceleration and thus diffuse radio emission can be powered in the clusters simulated with the low-viscosity scheme provided that more than 5‐10 per cent of the turbulent energy density is associated with fast magneto-sonic modes.
Clinical and Epidemiological Comparison of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Seoul, Korea, 2003-2008

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) shares clinical and epidemiological characteristics with well-known respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiological differences between HMPV- and RSV-induced wheezing illnesses. A total of 1,008 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens was collected from 1,008 pediatric patients hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital from December 2003 to April 2008, and tested for seven common respiratory viruses. Conditions classified as wheezing illness were bronchiolitis, reactive airways disease, and bronchial asthma. HMPV caused a significantly lower proportion of wheezing illness when compared to RSV (48.1% vs. 82.2%, P<0.05). HMPV-induced wheezing illness occurred predominantly in older patients when compared to RSV patients (P<0.001). RSV infections peaked in the fall and winter followed by peaks of HMPV infection in winter and spring. Eosinophil counts were significantly higher (P<0.01) in RSV patients when compared to HMPV patients. These results show that human metapneumovirus patients exhibit several different clinical and epidemiological characteristics, such as higher proportion of wheezing illness, age and seasonal incidence, and eosinophil counts, when compared to RSV patients.
Three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Cold Fronts in Magnetically Turbulent ICM

Steep gradients of temperature and density, called cold fronts, are observed by Chandra in a leading edge of subclusters moving through the intracluster medium (ICM). The presence of cold fronts indicates that thermal conduction across the front is suppressed by magnetic fields. We carried out three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations including anisotropic thermal conduction of a subcluster moving through a magnetically turbulent ICM. We found that turbulent magnetic fields are stretched and amplified by shear flows along the interface between the subcluster and the ambient ICM. Since magnetic fields reduce the efficiency of thermal conduction across the front, the cold front survives for at least 1 Gyr. We also found that a moving subcluster works as an amplifier of magnetic fields. Numerical results indicate that stretched turbulent magnetic fields accumulate behind the subcluster and are further amplified by vortex motions. The moving subcluster creates a long tail of ordered magnetic fields, in which the magnetic field strength attains a value of β = Pgas/Pmag ≲ 10.
WEIGHTS, HEMATOLOGY, AND SERUM CHEMISTRY OF SEVEN SPECIES OF FREE-RANGING TROPICAL PELAGIC SEABIRDS

I established reference values for weight, hematology, and serum chemistry for seven species of free-ranging Hawaiian tropical pelagic seabirds comprising three orders (Procellariiformes, Pelecaniformes, Charadriiformes) and six families (Procellariidae, Phaethontidae, Diomedeidae, Sulidae, Fregatidae, and Laridae). Species examined included 84 Hawaiian dark-rumped petrels (Pterodoma phaeopygia), 90 wedge-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus), 151 Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis), 69 red-footed boobies (Sula sula), 154 red-tailed tropicbirds (Phaeton rubricauda), 90 great frigatebirds (Fregata minor), and 72 sooty terns (Sterna fuscata). Hematocrit, total plasma solids, total and differential white cell counts, serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine phosphokinase were analyzed. Among and within species, hematology and chemistry values varied with age, sex, season, and island of collection. Despite this variation, order-wide trends were observed.
RESULTS Subcellular localization of RhoA , Rac 1 and Cdc 42 in cultured chromaffin cells

Rho proteins are small GTPases that belong to the Ras superfamily and consist of the Rho, Rac and Cdc42 subfamilies. Rho proteins have been implicated in a number of cellular functions requiring a reorganization of actin basedstructures (Takai et al., 1995; Symons, 1996; Hall, 1998). In fibroblasts, polymerized actin is assembled into a variety of distinct structures, which have now all been shown to be controlled by members of the Rho family: Rho regulates the formation of stress fibers and cell adhesion (Ridley and Hall, 1992), Rac is involved in membrane ruffling and formation of lamellipodia (Ridley et al., 1992) and Cdc42 participates in receptor-induction of microspikes (Kozma et al., 1995). At the molecular level, Rho proteins represent switches in various intracellular pathways through the regulation of lipid kinases, like phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (Chong et al., 1994) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Zhang et al., 1993), and serine-threonine protein kinases, such as Rho kinase (Leung et al., 1996) and protein kinase N (Amano et al., 1996). In secretory cells, cytoskeletal rearrangements are a prerequisite for exocytosis, enabling docking and fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane (Linstedt and Kelly, 1987; Sontag et al., 1988; Norman et al., 1994; Vitale et al., 1995). Indeed, it has been recently reported that GTPactivated Rac and Cdc42 can induce exocytosis in permeabilized mast cells (Brown et al., 1998). A role for Rac and Cdc42 has also been described in the late steps of calciuminduced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells (Kowluru et al., 1997). Both of these studies rule out an active role for Rho itself in the exocytotic machinery. On the other hand, we recently described that the secretory granule-associated trimeric Go protein inhibits exocytosis in chromaffin cells by stabilizing the cortical actin network through a sequence 4763 Journal of Cell Science 112, 4763-4771 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 JCS0810
A novel adaptive scheme for channel estimation

In this work a novel adaptive scheme for channel estimation is presented. A controlling factor in the range [0,1] is used to control a mixture of two norms. The derivation of the algorithm is reported in detail. Also, the excess mean-square error is derived. The simulation results obtained corroborate the theory developed.