Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Euterpe oleracea Roots and Leaflets

Euterpe oleracea (açaí) is a palm tree well known for the high antioxidant activity of its berries used as dietary supplements. Little is known about the biological activity and the composition of its vegetative organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of root and leaflet extracts of Euterpe oleracea (E. oleracea) and characterize their phytochemicals. E. oleracea roots and leaflets extracts were screened in different chemical antioxidant assays (DPPH—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, FRAP—ferric feducing antioxidant power, and ORAC—oxygen radical absorbance capacity), in a DNA nicking assay and in a cellular antioxidant activity assay. Their polyphenolic profiles were determined by UV and LC-MS/MS. E. oleracea leaflets had higher antioxidant activity than E. oleracea berries, and leaflets of Oenocarpus bacaba and Oenocarpus bataua, as well as similar antioxidant activity to green tea. E. oleracea leaflet extracts were more complex than root extracts, with fourteen compounds, including caffeoylquinic acids and C-glycosyl derivatives of apigenin and luteolin. In the roots, six caffeoylquinic and caffeoylshikimic acids were identified. Qualitative compositions of E. oleracea, Oenocarpus bacaba and Oenocarpus bataua leaflets were quite similar, whereas the quantitative compositions were quite different. These results provide new prospects for the valorization of roots and leaflets of E. oleracea in the pharmaceutical, food or cosmetic industry, as they are currently by-products of the açaí industry.
Automated magnetic inspection of permanent magnet rotors

We report on the development of a magnetic inspection station for permanent magnet rotors, based on the established magnetic field camera technology, which uses high density two-dimensional Hall sensor arrays for fast high-resolution measurements of magnetic field distributions. The high speed of the system allows measuring the radial field distribution of a rotor in a few seconds with high axial (0.1mm) and angular (0.1°) spatial resolutions. The resulting 2D field distribution contains a lot of information about different important magnetic properties of the rotor, which are extracted using proprietary data analysis software. This analysis results in quantitative values for properties such as polarity identification, statistical analysis of the field distribution, north-south pole asymmetry, pole size measurement and analysis, pole peak uniformity, total magnetic flux, localized magnetization defects and localized material defects. It is argued that modern permanent magnet machines need innovative magnetic inspection solutions such as that described in this paper.
The Detection of Patterns in Alyawarra Nonverbal Behavior

THE DETECTION OF PATTERNS IN ALYAWARRA NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR by Woodrow Wilson Denham Chairman of Supervisory Committee: Professor John R. Atkins Department of Anthropology Traditionally, cultural anthropologists have devoted most of their attention to those aspects of human behavior that are distinctively or uniquely human, concentrating especially on verbal behavior or behavior that at least presupposes the human language capability. The research reported here was designed to test the assumption that a radically different approach to the study of human social behavior is feasible. The general orientation and the objectives of the research were derived largely from the many field studies of nonhuman primates that have been performed within the last fifteen years, and the methods that were employed were ones that can be used in field studies of the social behavior of any human or nonhuman primate population. A highly modified version of a computer-based notational system originally devised at the Regional Primate Research Center, Seattle, was used in recording 200 hours of nonverbal behavior occurring in an Aboriginal camp in Central Australia. Those records, in conjunction with comprehensive or exhaustive sets of relational, demographic, vital statistical, group compositional, meteorological, and ecological data can be analyzed separately and in all combinations by computer for the detection of population-typical patterns in behavior repertoires, interactions between members of the population, uses of space and time, behavioral periodicities, behavioral correlates of sex, age, kinship and genealogical relations, and so on almost indefinitely. The first half of the dissertation contains descriptions of the notational system (named BEVRECS) used in recording the nonverbal behavior, the research site in Australia where the ten-month-long field project was conducted, and seven of the major data files generated during the research. The second half contains a wide-ranging introduction to the analysis of BEVRECS data, a detailed examination of infant transport among the Alyawarra Tribe and an examination of that data in cross-cultural and cross-species perspective, and a discussion of some of the problems encountered in performing a reliable “etic” study of a natural population of humans. It is hoped that the objectives, methods and results presented here will contribute significantly to the development of a general theory of sociobiology that will apply to humans as well as to nonhuman animals. Woodrow W. Denham Dissertation: Detection of Patterns . Version 1/23/2014
“Anti-defamation” group seeks to tame the rambunctious world of online doctor reviews

Things can get a little ugly at the intersection of medicine and the wild, wild Web. The opinions are unvarnished, the nerves raw and the spelling, well, at times atrocious — at boisterous online sites where patients rate their doctors. “All he told me was that my son was a spoiled brat,” a
Adaptive performance compensation with in-situ timing error prediction for subthreshold circuits

This paper presents an adaptive technique for compensating manufacturing and environmental variability in subthreshold circuits using “canary Flip-Flop” that can predict timing errors. A 32-bit Kogge-Stone adder whose performance was controlled by body-biasing was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the adaptive control can compensate PVT variations and improve energy-efficiency of subthreshold circuits significantly compared to worst-case design and operation with guardbanding.
The Lyman α forest and WMAP year three

A combined analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Lyman α forest data can constrain the matter power spectrum from small scales of about 1 h−1 Mpc all the way to the horizon scale. The long lever arm and complementarity provided by such an analysis have previously led to a significant tightening of the constraints on the shape and the amplitude of the power spectrum of primordial density fluctuations. We present here a combined analysis of the WMAP three-year results with Lyman α forest data. The amplitude of the matter power spectrum σ8 and the spectral index ns inferred from the joint analysis of high- and low-resolution Lyman α forest data as analysed by Viel & Haehnelt are consistent with the new WMAP results to within 1σ. The joint analysis with the mainly low-resolution data as analysed by McDonald et al. suggests a value of σ8 that is ∼2σ higher than that inferred from the WMAP three-year data alone. The joint analysis of the three-year WMAP and the Lyman α forest data also does not favour a running of the spectral index. The best-fitting values for a combined analysis of the three-year WMAP data, other CMB data, 2-degree Field (2dF) data and the Lyman α forest data are (σ8, ns) = (0.78 ± 0.03, 0.96 ± 0.01).
The Andean Adaptive Toolkit to Counteract High Altitude Maladaptation: Genome-Wide and Phenotypic Analysis of the Collas

During their migrations out of Africa, humans successfully colonised and adapted to a wide range of habitats, including extreme high altitude environments, where reduced atmospheric oxygen (hypoxia) imposes a number of physiological challenges. This study evaluates genetic and phenotypic variation in the Colla population living in the Argentinean Andes above 3500 m and compares it to the nearby lowland Wichí group in an attempt to pinpoint evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptation to high altitude hypoxia. We genotyped 730,525 SNPs in 25 individuals from each population. In genome-wide scans of extended haplotype homozygosity Collas showed the strongest signal around VEGFB, which plays an essential role in the ischemic heart, and ELTD1, another gene crucial for heart development and prevention of cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis showed an overrepresentation of pathways associated with cardiac morphology. Taken together, these findings suggest that Colla highlanders may have evolved a toolkit of adaptative mechanisms resulting in cardiac reinforcement, most likely to counteract the adverse effects of the permanently increased haematocrit and associated shear forces that characterise the Andean response to hypoxia. Regulation of cerebral vascular flow also appears to be part of the adaptive response in Collas. These findings are not only relevant to understand the evolution of hypoxia protection in high altitude populations but may also suggest new avenues for medical research into conditions where hypoxia constitutes a detrimental factor.
Tumor mutational burden is predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in MSI-high metastatic colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). PD-1 inhibitors in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) with MSI-high (MSI-H) have demonstrated a high disease control rate and favorable progression-free survival (PFS); however, reported response rates to pembrolizumab and nivolumab are variable and often <50%, suggesting that additional predictive biomarkers are needed. METHODS Clinicopathologic data were collected from patients with MSI-H mCRC confirmed by hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) treated with PD-1/L1 inhibitors at 5 institutes. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on 0.8-1.1 Mbp of sequenced DNA and reported as mutations/Mb. Potential biomarkers of response and time to progression were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Once TMB was confirmed as a predictive biomarker, a larger dataset of 18,140 unique CRC patients was analyzed to define the relevance of the identified TMB cut-point. RESULTS 22 patients were treated with PD-1/L1 inhibitors including 19 with pembrolizumab monotherapy. Among tested variables, TMB showed the strongest association with objective response (OR; p < 0.001) and PFS, by univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). Using log-rank statistics, the optimal predictive cut-point for TMB was estimated between 37-41 mutations/Mb. All 13 TMBhigh cases responded, while 6/9 TMBlow cases had progressive disease. The median PFS for TMBhigh has not been reached (median follow-up >18 months) while the median PFS for TMBlow was 2 months. A TMB of 37.4 mutations/Mb in a large MSI-H mCRC population (821/18,140 cases; 4.5%) evaluated by NGS corresponded to the 35th percentile cut-point. CONCLUSIONS TMB appears to be an important independent biomarker within MSI-H mCRC to stratify patients for likelihood of response to ICPIs. If validated in prospective studies, TMB may play an important role in guiding the sequencing and/or combinations of ICPIs in MSI-H mCRC.
Re-evaluating our conception of well-being in an organisational setting

Employee well-being is generally captured by assessments of mental health, work satisfaction and level of affect, reflecting a Hedonistic approach to understanding Subjective Well-Being (SWB). In contrast, from their own gerontological research, Ryff (1989) and Ryff & Keyes (1995) proposed a Eudaimonic model of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) consisting of 6 dimensions: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Whilst SWB focuses on subjective assessment of affect and satisfaction, PWB considers the patterns of healthy living that are associated with measures of healthy human functioning. There are serious limitations to using SWB models alone in assessing well-being given the role of hereditary in pre-determining levels of affect, the degree of affect reactivity, and the difficulty in promoting long-term stable change in affect level. By contrast, PWB has been demonstrated to be a stable construct that appears to reduce affective reactivity. Factor Analysis of Ryff’s 6-factor structure of PWB scale found support for one-factor and three-factor models. Further analysis indicated that PWB and SWB are correlated, but distinct constructs with a five-factor model separating PWB and SWB components.
Cost-effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

BACKGROUND Acute deep vein thrombosis has traditionally been treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH), administered intravenously, but low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), administered subcutaneously, have recently become available. The authors sought to determine which therapy was more cost-effective for inpatient and outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis. METHODS An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision tree was performed for 4 treatment strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Rate of major hemorrhage while receiving heparin, rate of recurrence of venous thromboembolism 3 months after treatment and mortality rate 3 months after treatment were determined by meta-analysis. Costs for the UFH therapy were prospectively collected by a case-costing accounting system for 105 patients with deep vein thrombosis treated in fiscal year 1995/96. The costs for LMWH therapy were modelled, and cost-effectiveness was determined by decision analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed a mean difference in risk of hemorrhage of -1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.4% to 0.3%), a mean difference in risk of recurrence of venous thromboembolism of -2.6% (95% CI -4.5% to -0.7%) and a mean difference in risk of death of -1.9% (95% CI -3.6% to -0.4%), all in favour of subcutaneous unmonitored administration of LMWH. The cost to treat one inpatient was $2993 for LMWH and $3048 for UFH. Even more would be saved if LMWH was delivered on an outpatient basis (cost of $1641 per patient). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that LMWH in any treatment setting is more cost effective than UFH. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of this conclusion. INTERPRETATION Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with LMWH is more cost effective than treatment with UFH in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Recent developments in capillary zone electrophoresis of proteins

This review article with 125 references describes recent developments in capillary zone electrophoresis of proteins. It encompasses approximately the last two years, from the previous review (V. Dolník,Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2353—2361) through Spring 1999. Topics covered include modeling of the electrophoretic properties of proteins, sample preconcentration and derivatization, wall coatings, improving selectivity, special detection techniques, and applications.
Phase II trial of irinotecan and carboplatin for extensive or relapsed small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE The regimens of weekly irinotecan with platinum have been used for treatment of metastatic small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). We conducted a multi-institution phase II trial to evaluate a novel 21-day schedule of irinotecan and carboplatin in patients with relapsed or extensive SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty patients were enrolled with the following characteristics: 39 male patients, 41 female patients; median age, 65 years; and Zubrod performance status, 0 to 1 in 85% and 2 in 15% of patients. Dosing schemas were based on the maximum-tolerated dose derived in a previous phase I study. Chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive SCLC were treated with irinotecan 200 mg/m(2) and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) of 5 (arm A). Patients, who had previously been treated with chemotherapy and had relapsed disease received irinotecan 150 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC of 5 (arm B). In each study arm, the treatment was given every 21 days for up to six cycles. RESULTS The most common grade 3 to 4 toxicities included neutropenia (54%), thrombocytopenia (22%), anemia (13%), diarrhea (22%), and nausea/emesis (11%) in both study arms. There were three treatment-related deaths owing to neutropenic sepsis. Among 72 assessable patients, response rates of 65% and 50% were observed, respectively, for arm A and arm B. The median survival for both study arms was identical at 10 months (95% CI, 6 to 14 months). A response rate of 65% was observed in the intracranial disease of 14 patients with known brain metastases. CONCLUSION This 21-day regimen of irinotecan and carboplatin seems promising for the treatment of relapsed SCLC.
Does the Inclusion of Stroke Severity in a 30-Day Mortality Model Change Standardized Mortality Rates at Veterans Affairs Hospitals?

Background— The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is considering developing a 30-day ischemic stroke hospital-level mortality model using administrative data. We examined whether inclusion of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), a measure of stroke severity not included in administrative data, would alter 30-day mortality rates in the Veterans Health Administration. Methods and Results— A total of 2562 veterans admitted with ischemic stroke to 64 Veterans Health Administration Hospitals in the fiscal year 2007 were included. First, we examined the distribution of unadjusted mortality rates across the Veterans Health Administration. Second, we estimated 30-day all-cause, risk standardized mortality rates (RSMRs) for each hospital by adjusting for age, sex, and comorbid conditions using hierarchical models with and without the inclusion of the NIHSS. Finally, we examined whether adjustment for the NIHSS significantly changed RSMRs for each hospital compared with other hospitals. The median unadjusted mortality rate was 3.6%. The RSMR interquartile range without the NIHSS ranged from 5.1% to 5.6%. Adjustment with the NIHSS did not change the RSMR interquartile range (5.1%–5.6%). Among veterans ≥65 years, the RSMR interquartile range without the NIHSS ranged from 9.2% to 10.3%. With adjustment for the NIHSS, the RSMR interquartile range changed from 9.4% to 10.0%. The plot of 30-day RSMRs estimated with and without the inclusion of the NIHSS in the model demonstrated overlapping 95% confidence intervals across all hospitals, with no hospital significantly below or above the mean-unadjusted 30-day mortality rate. The 30-day mortality measure did not discriminate well among hospitals. Conclusions— The impact of the NIHSS on RSMRs was limited. The small number of stroke admissions and the narrow range of 30-day stroke mortality rates at the facility level in the Veterans Health Administration cast doubt on the value of using 30-day RSMRs as a means of identifying outlier hospitals based on their stroke care quality.
Indigenous Australians and Preschool Education

THIS PAPER DISCUSSES the individual, family, household and area level characteristics associated with preschool attendance for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians (aged three to five years who are not at school). Controlling for these factors explains all of the difference between Indigenous and non-Indigenous attendance rates for three-year-olds and much of the difference for four- and five-year-olds. Households Indigenous children live in have lower incomes and education levels than those of non-Indigenous children. Both factors are associated with lower attendance in preschool. State and territory, as well as remoteness, are also important explanatory variables, although the effects are different for Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. Finally, having a preschool worker who identifies as being Indigenous working in the area significantly increases attendance for Indigenous children in that area. However, fewer than 30 per cent of Indigenous children live in such areas.
Conformal Metrics with Constant Q-Curvature

We consider the problem of varying conformally the metric of a four dimensional manifold in order to obtain constant Q-curvature. The problem is variational, and solutions are in general found as critical points of saddle type. We show how the problem leads naturally to consider the set of formal barycenters of the manifold.
Relative risk of conversion from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have shown a high frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, little is known about the change in glucose tolerance that occurs over a period of several years in women with PCOS. METHODS Sixty-seven women with PCOS received a 75 g glucose tolerance test and measurement of lipids at baseline and at follow-up after an average time of 6.2 years. All women followed prospectively had normal glucose tolerance (n = 54) or IGT (n = 13) at the start of the study. RESULTS Change in glycaemic control from baseline was frequent, with 5/54 (9%) of normoglycaemic women at baseline developing IGT and a further 4/54 (8%) moving directly from normoglycaemic to NIDDM. For women with IGT at baseline, 7/13 (54%) had NIDDM at follow-up. Body mass index (BMI) at baseline was an independent significant predictor of adverse change in glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS, particularly those with a high BMI, should be reviewed regularly with respect to IGT or NIDDM, as the frequency of impaired glycaemic control is high, and that the rate of conversion from normal glucose tolerance to IGT or NIDDM, or from IGT to NIDDM is substantial.
The Implicit Leadership Theories of College and University Presidents

The definitions that college and university presidents offer when they are asked to interpret the meaning of leadership are consistent with leadership theories emphasizing social power, directive influence, and role behavior. Greater attention to the implications of alternative theories, such as those focusing on social exchange, might help presidents make more complex definitions and therefore be more effective in their functioning.
Group Metacognition During Mathematical Problem Solving

Although various studies have shown that groups are more productive than individuals in complex mathematical problem solving, not all groups work together cooperatively. This review highlights that addressing organisational and cognitive factors to help scaffold group mathematical problem solving is necessary but not sufficient. Successful group problem solving also needs to incorporate metacognitive factors in order for groups to reflect on the organisational and cognitive factors influencing their group mathematical problem solving. Group metacognition is an essential element of mathematical problem solving within a group. Effective group mathematical problem solving involves not only finding a solution but also metacognitively monitoring the group’s problem solving activity (Goos, Galbraith, & Renshaw, 2002). However, most research on metacognition has looked at the role of