Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psycho-Socio-Emotional Well-Being of Workers in a High-Stress Occupation: Are Men and Women Really So Different?

Correctional work is stressful, and the job of correctional officers, in particular, has been rated as one of the most stressful of all occupations. Closely connected to the level of work related-stress is the psycho-socio-emotional well-being of individuals in high-stress occupations. This study investigated gender differences in psychological well-being and socio-emotional needs among men 146 (65.8%) aged 25 to 64 years with a mean of 39.02 years (SD = 8.38) and women 76 (34.2%) aged 22 to 61 years with a mean of 38.78 years (SD = 7.80) correctional personnel in Nigeria. The t test for independent sample results reveal no significant gender differences on most aspects of psycho-socio-emotional well-being autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, as well as needs for support and affiliation. The findings imply that gender differences in psycho-socio-emotional well-being are decreasing over time. Therefore, in designing future policies and interventions for dealing with psycho-socio-emotional well-being of employees, managers and other stakeholders should not be concerned with gender differences but to focus on improving the psycho-socio-emotional well-being of all employees.
Comparative Gene Expression Analysis by a Differential Clustering Approach: Application to the Candida albicans Transcription Program

Differences in gene expression underlie many of the phenotypic variations between related organisms, yet approaches to characterize such differences on a genome-wide scale are not well developed. Here, we introduce the “differential clustering algorithm” for revealing conserved and diverged co-expression patterns. Our approach is applied at different levels of organization, ranging from pair-wise correlations within specific groups of functionally linked genes, to higher-order correlations between such groups. Using the differential clustering algorithm, we systematically compared the transcription program of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans with that of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Many of the identified differences are related to the differential requirement for mitochondrial function in the two yeasts. Distinct regulation patterns of cell cycle genes and of amino acid metabolic genes were also revealed and, in some cases, could be linked to the differential appearance of cis-regulatory elements in the gene promoter regions. Our study provides a comprehensive framework for comparative gene expression analysis and a rich source of hypotheses for uncharacterized open reading frames and putative cis-regulatory elements in C. albicans.
Reappraisal of hMLH1 promoter methylation and protein expression status in the serrated neoplasia pathway

The aim of this study was to determine whether human mutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) inactivation precedes the progression of sessile serrated lesion (SSL) into SSL with cytological dysplasia (SSL/D) and to define the histological stage at which promoter methylation and inactivation of hMLH1 occur.
Mirroring Pain in the Brain: Emotional Expression versus Motor Imitation

Perception of pain in others via facial expressions has been shown to involve brain areas responsive to self-pain, biological motion, as well as both performed and observed motor actions. Here, we investigated the involvement of these different regions during emotional and motor mirroring of pain expressions using a two-task paradigm, and including both observation and execution of the expressions. BOLD responses were measured as subjects watched video clips showing different intensities of pain expression and, after a variable delay, either expressed the amount of pain they perceived in the clips (pain task), or imitated the facial movements (movement task). In the pain task condition, pain coding involved overlapping activation across observation and execution in the anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula, and the inferior parietal lobule, and a pain-related increase (pain vs. neutral) in the anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the postcentral gyrus. The ‘mirroring’ response was stronger in the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal sulcus during the pain task, and stronger in the inferior parietal lobule in the movement task. These results strongly suggest that while motor mirroring may contribute to the perception of pain expressions in others, interpreting these expressions in terms of pain content draws more heavily on networks involved in the perception of affective meaning.
Transforming Growth Factor-ß 1 Signaling Contributes to Caco-2 Cell Growth Inhibition Induced by 1 , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3

ABBREVIATIONS AP-1, activator protein-1; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ERK, extracellular signalregulated kinase; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; IGF-IIR, insulin-like growth factor-II receptor; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; RPA, RNase protection assay; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor-beta.
The relationship of the vasomotor and respiratory regions in the medulla oblongata of the sheep

That the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata controls the respiratory and vasomotor systems has been established experimentally. Many investiga,ions have aimed at delimiting the medullary respiratory centres (Cordier & Heymans, 1935; Pitts, 1946), but fewer attempts have been made to define exactly medullary regions which influence vasomotor activity (Monnier, 1941; Alexander, 1946). The relationship of vasomotor and respiratory responses elicitable from the medulla oblongata by direct electrical stimulation has received little attention. Pitts, Magoun & Ranson (1939), in their study of respiratory centres in the cat, comment upon the independence of respiratory and vascular responses, since any locus which produced a respiratory response failed to show a simultaneous vasomotor response. This paper describes the results of experiments in which the medulla oblongata of sheep was explored systematically and both respiratory and vasomotor responses were recorded. The results show an anatomical relationship of the respiratory and vasomotor regions, but the function of the two systems appears to remain largely independent.
Young adults of ethnic minority background on the Norwegian labour market: The interactional co-construction of exclusion by employers and customers

Labour market participation is commonly conceptualized as an indicator of immigrant integration, although integration is not something that should be conflated with inclusion. The mere fact of employment is no silver bullet. The sociology of work needs to consider experiences of exclusion both before and after entry to the labour market. This article is based on a 25-case selection of 50 in-depth interviews that we conducted with young adults of ethnic minority background in Norway. We analyse their experiences of, and reactions to, exclusion in the labour market. While for several interviewees the possibility of being met with ethnic prejudice from employers looms large, more experiences of this sort were reported among interviewees engaged in customer contact, where the inside of an organization intersects with the outside world.
Latch-free data structures for DBMS: design, implementation, and evaluation

The fact that multi-core CPUs have become so common and that the number of CPU cores in one chip has continued to rise means that a server machine can easily contain an extremely high number of CPU cores. The CPU scalability of IT systems is thus attracting a considerable amount of research attention. Some systems, such as ACID-compliant DBMSs, are said to be difficult to scale, probably due to the mutual exclusion required to ensure data consistency. Possible countermeasures include latch-free (LF) data structures, an elemental technology to improve the CPU scalability by eliminating the need for mutual exclusion. This paper investigates these LF data structures with a particular focus on their applicability and effectiveness. Some existing LF data structures (such as LF hash tables) have been adapted to PostgreSQL, one of the most popular open-source DBMSs. The performance improvement was evaluated with a benchmark program simulating real-world transactions. Measurement results obtained from state-of-the-art 80-core machines demonstrated that the LF data structures were effective for performance improvement in a many-core situation in which DBT-1 throughput increased by about 2.5 times. Although the poor performance of the original DBMS was due to a severe latch-related bottleneck and can be improved by parameter tuning, it is of practical importance that LF data structures provided performance improvement without deep understanding of the target system behavior that is necessary for the parameter tuning.
Featherweight Generic Ownership

Object ownership is an approach to controlling aliasing in programming languages. Proposals for adding ownership to programming languages do not directly support type genericity. We present Featherweight Generic Ownership — the first system to unify ownership and type polymorphism. Our type system extends Featherweight Generic Java with locations to support ownership and confinement invariants, as well as having full soundness proof. We hope that our work will help bring full support for object encapsulation to the mainstream programming world.
Titrated moderately suprathreshold vs fixed high-dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: acute antidepressant and cognitive effects.

BACKGROUND The antidepressant and cognitive side effects of right unilateral (RUL) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are reported to depend on the magnitude of the electrical stimulus relative to the seizure threshold. The stimulus doses explored in previous clinical trials of RUL ECT have generally been limited to 1 to 2.5 times the convulsive threshold and the antidepressant efficacy has been low compared with bilateral (BL) ECT. The present study compares the antidepressant and cognitive side effects of 2 RUL dosing strategies: titrated moderately suprathreshold and fixed high dose. METHODS Seventy-two adult patients with major depression were randomized to either titrated RUL ECT at 2.25 times initial seizure threshold (mean dose, 136 millicoulombes [mC]), or RUL ECT at a fixed dose of 403 mC. Primary outcome measures were antidepressant response and cognitive status 1 or 2 days after the course of ECT. RESULTS The 2 treatment groups were comparable in demographic and clinical characteristics prior to ECT. Both groups received a mean of 5.7 sessions of RUL ECT. Patients receiving fixed-dose ECT were more likely to have an antidepressant response at the end of the protocol (n = 49 [67%]) compared with those receiving titrated dosing (n = 28 [39%]). Furthermore, the likelihood of both antidepressant response and cognitive deficits increased as stimulus dose increased relative to initial seizure threshold, up through 8 to 12 times the threshold. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant efficacy and cognitive side effects of RUL ECT are dependent on the magnitude of the stimulus dose relative to the seizure threshold, and a dose-response relationship extends through at least 12 times the seizure threshold.
Discourses of service user involvement in meeting places in Norwegian community mental health care: a discourse analysis of staff accounts

Abstract In previous research, meeting places have been favourably addressed by service users, but they have also been contested as exclusionary. In this participatory explorative study, we sought to perform a contextual analysis of meeting places in Norway based on a discourse analysis of three focus group discussions with 15 staff members. We asked the following question: how do meeting-place employees discuss their concrete and abstract encounters with service users and their experiences? We focused on service user involvement, which was largely analysed as neoliberal consultation and responsibilisation. Service users were positioned as resisting responsibility trickling down and defending staffed meeting places. Social democratic discourse was identified in the gaps of neoliberal discourse, which is noteworthy given that Norway is a social democracy. This relates to global concerns about displacements of democracy. We suggest that meeting places appear to hold the potential for staff and service users to collaborate more democratically.
Presynaptic Na+ Channels: Locus, Development, and Recovery from Inactivation at a High-Fidelity Synapse

Na+ channel recovery from inactivation limits the maximal rate of neuronal firing. However, the properties of presynaptic Na+ channels are not well established because of the small size of most CNS boutons. Here we study the Na+ currents of the rat calyx of Held terminal and compare them with those of postsynaptic cells. We find that presynaptic Na+ currents recover from inactivation with a fast, single-exponential time constant (24°C, τ of 1.4-1.8 ms; 35°C, τ of 0.5 ms), and their inactivation rate accelerates twofold during development, which may contribute to the shortening of the action potential as the terminal matures. In contrast, recordings from postsynaptic cells in brainstem slices, and acutely dissociated, reveal that their Na+ currents recover from inactivation with a double-exponential time course (τfast of 1.2-1.6 ms; τslow of 80-125 ms; 24°C). Surprisingly, confocal immunofluorescence revealed that Na+ channels are mostly absent from the calyx terminal but are instead highly concentrated in an unusually long (≈20-40 μm) unmyelinated axonal heminode. Outside-out patch recordings confirmed this segregation. Expression of Nav1.6 α-subunit increased during development, whereas the Nav1.2α-subunit was not present. Serial EM reconstructions also revealed a long pre-calyx heminode, and biophysical modeling showed that exclusion of Na+ channels from the calyx terminal produces an action potential waveform with a shorter half-width. We propose that the high density and polarized locus of Na+ channels on a long heminode are critical design features that allow the mature calyx of Held terminal to fire reliably at frequencies near 1 kHz.
The Growth Dynamics of Innovation, Diusion, and the Technology Frontier

Perla and Tonetti (2014) and Lucas and Moll (2014) study technology diffusion in isolation, in environments without the generation of new ideas. Without new ideas, growth cannot continue forever if there is a finite technology frontier. This paper examines, in an economy in which firms choose to innovate, adopt technology, or keep producing with their existing technology, how innovation and diffusion interact to endogenously determine the productivity distribution with a finite, but expanding, frontier. There is a tension in the determination of the productivity distribution - innovation tends to stretch the distribution, while diffusion compresses it. Finally, we analyze the degree to which innovation and technology diffusion at the firm level contribute to aggregate economic growth.
The association between measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children and their manuscript handwriting speed

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate whether measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children were associated with their manuscript handwriting speed. Method A convenience sample of 39 typically developing Australian students aged six to eight years completed the Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration – 6th edition (DTVMI), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception – 3rd edition (DTVP-3), the Test of In-Hand Manipulation – Revised (TIHM-R), and the Handwriting Speed Test (HST). Spearman rho correlations and multi-linear regression analyses were completed to analyze the data. Results Significant correlations were found between visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills and total letters written and total letters per minute. Regression analyses indicated that, when modeled together, the DTVP-3 eye–hand coordination and visual closure subscales and the TIHM-R were significant predictors of total letters written accounting for 25.5% of the variance. The DTVP-3 copying and visual closure subscales and the TIHM-R were predictive of total letters written per minute, with the TIHM-R making a significant unique contribution of 9.1% to the total variance of 26%. Conclusion Visual perception abilities, specifically visual closure skills, plus in-hand manipulation skills appear to be significant predictors of children’s printing speed and need to be assessed and potentially targeted for skill remediation when working with school-age children who present with manuscript handwriting difficulties.
Some counterexamples in topological dynamics

Abstract In this paper, we exhibit, for any sparse-enough increasing sequence {pn} of integers, totally minimal, totally uniquely ergodic, and topologically mixing systems (X,T) and (X′,T′) and f∈C(X) for which the averages $({1}/{N}) \sum _{n=0}^{N-1} f(T^{p_n} x)$ fail to converge on a residual set in X, and where there exists x′∈X′ with $x' \notin \overline {\{T'^{p_n} x'\}}$.
A comparison of two text representations for sentiment analysis

This paper compares two representations of text within the same experimental setting for sentiment orientation analysis, and in particular focuses on the sensitivity of the analysis to sentence length. The two representations compared in this paper are bag-of-words (BoW) and nine dimensional vector (9Dim). The former represents text with a high dimensional feature vector, which ignores grammatical structure and is lexicon-dependent. In contrast, the 9Dim representation encodes grammatical knowledge of clauses in sentences into a compact nine dimensional vector, which is lexicon-independent. Text is composed by multiple sentences since the grammatical structure of a single sentence or clause may not provide sufficient information for sentiment orientation classification. A convenient way to enrich grammatical knowledge in a text is to compose the text with multi-sentences, thereby lengthening the sample. We consider the length of text is an important factor in text classification. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how text sentiment orientation classifiers' performance is improved when the length of the sentence comprising a training vector is varied. The experimental results indicated that the accuracy of the classifiers benefits from the increasing of the text's length, and the results also illustrated that the 9Dim method can provide comparable results to BoW under the same sentiment classification algorithm, support vector machines (SVM).
Regulation of FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination by their interaction and by DNA

FANCD2 and FANCI function together in the Fanconi anemia network of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) crosslink repair. These proteins form the dimeric ID2 complex that binds DNA and becomes monoubiquitinated upon exposure of cells to DNA crosslinking agents. The monoubiquitinated ID2 complex is thought to facilitate DNA repair via recruitment of specific nucleases, translesion DNA polymerases and the homologous recombination machinery. Using the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) UBE2T and ubiquitin ligase (E3) FANCL, monoubiquitination of human FANCD2 and FANCI was examined. The ID2 complex is a poor substrate for monoubiquitination, consistent with the published crystal structure showing the solvent inaccessibility of the target lysines. Importantly, FANCD2 monoubiquitination within the ID2 complex is strongly stimulated by duplex or branched DNA, but unstructured single-stranded DNA or chromatinized DNA is ineffective. Interaction of FANCL with the ID2 complex is indispensable for its E3 ligase efficacy. Interestingly, mutations in FANCI that impair its DNA binding activity compromise DNA-stimulated FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Moreover, we demonstrate that in the absence of FANCD2, DNA also stimulates FANCI monoubiquitination, but in a FANCL-independent manner. These results implicate the role of a proper DNA ligand in FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination, and reveal regulatory mechanisms that are dependent on protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions.
Sub-60 nm physical gate length SOI CMOS

This work addresses the design and optimization of high performance CMOS devices in the sub-60 nm regime. Aggressive scaling of the poly gate length is achieved by controlling the short-channel effects in partially-depleted SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) CMOS devices. In addition, SOI specific design issues are examined to reduce device parasitics such as junction capacitance and history effect through the optimization of silicon film thickness. A high performance SOI CMOS with well-behaved 52 nm gate length devices is demonstrated.
Caffeine potentiation of calcium release in frog skeletal muscle fibres.

The effects of caffeine at concentrations up to 3 mM were studied on Ca signals obtained using the metallochromic Ca indicator dyes Arsenazo III and Antipyrylazo III in cut frog skeletal muscle fibres mounted in a triple Vaseline‐gap chamber and stimulated by voltage clamp or action potential. The peak amplitude of the transient absorbance change due to Ca2+ release following action potential stimulation is potentiated by an amount dependent on caffeine concentration up to 0.5 mM, and by a concentration‐independent amount between 0.5 and 2 mM. At 3 mM‐caffeine, the potentiation is reduced, and the Ca signal can have a smaller amplitude than under the control condition. The time course of the rising phase of the Ca signal is preserved by the potentiating effect of caffeine; however, the decay rate of the Ca signal is increasingly slowed at caffeine concentrations greater than 0.5 mM. No substantial change was found in the resting myoplasmic Ca2+ level at caffeine concentrations near 0.5 mM. Even if the free Ca2+ concentration in the presence of this level of caffeine were to increase by 0.04 microM (the threshold of detectability), the calculated potentiation of the Ca signal due to increased partial saturation of intracellular Ca2+ buffers would amount to only about 7%. This value is significantly less than the amount of potentiation observed (up to 40%) following action potentials at caffeine levels of 0.5 mM and above. Experiments made with the impermeant potentiometric dye NK2367 show no alteration by caffeine of the electrical properties of the tubular system. Caffeine at up to moderate concentrations causes a substantial increase in the maximal Ca2+ release obtained following large depolarizations. The voltage dependence of the Ca2+ release is characterized by a caffeine concentration‐dependent shift towards more negative membrane potentials. The potentiation of Ca2+ release by caffeine was found to be independent of the external free Ca2+ level. The potentiation of the Ca2+ release process by caffeine is likely to occur at a step subsequent to the depolarization of the transverse tubule membrane, and suggests the presence of an intermediate step, or second messenger, in the excitation‐contraction coupling process.