Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Acceptance of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in an Integrated School Setting in Zambia: a pilot study

Abstract The social acceptance of a group of Zambian primary school children with intellectual disabilities by two groups of nondisabled children was examined. One group were in direct contact with the children with disabilities over a period of six months while the other was not. Nondisabled boys who had been in contact with children with disabilities had more positive attitudes than boys who had no direct contact, while no exposure effects were observed amongst girls. Gender differences amongst nondisabled children who had contact with peers with disabilities were not significant. Amongst the nondisabled children who had no contact with children with disabilities, girls had more positive attitudes than boys. The findings are preliminary, but offer directions for further research and have some implications for integrating children with disabilities into mainstream schools.
Measure Projection Analysis of VEP localization neuron generator

Measure Projection Analysis (MPA) method based on EEGLAB and Matlab Toolbox is used to analyze the projections of brain signal sources that are responsible for the measured potentials at the scalp electrodes. These projections are based on probabilistic multi subject algorithm abandoning the notion of distinct independent component clusters. It examines voxel by voxel for brain regions having event related independent components process dynamics that exhibit statistically significant consistency across subjects by probability density representation. Neuron source locations are responsible in generating current in different brain regions through the measured potentials. The projections of visual evoked potentials (VEP) sources in different age groups are investigated. The result shows a slight difference in the projections with respect to the age. These findings represent the maturity level and re-grasp the development of brain and visual pathway with age.
A Simulation-Based Quality Improvement Initiative Improves Pediatric Readiness in Community Hospitals

Background The National Pediatric Readiness Project Pediatric Readiness Survey (PRS) measured pediatric readiness in 4149 US emergency departments (EDs) and noted an average score of 69 on a 100-point scale. This readiness score consists of 6 domains: coordination of pediatric patient care (19/100), physician/nurse staffing and training (10/100), quality improvement activities (7/100), patient safety initiatives (14/100), policies and procedures (17/100), and availability of pediatric equipment (33/100). We aimed to assess and improve pediatric emergency readiness scores across Connecticut’s hospitals. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the National Pediatric Readiness Project readiness score before and after an in situ simulation–based assessment and quality improvement program in Connecticut hospitals. Methods We leveraged in situ simulations to measure the quality of resuscitative care provided by interprofessional teams to 3 simulated patients (infant septic shock, infant seizure, and child cardiac arrest) presenting to their ED resuscitation bay. Assessments of EDs were made based on a composite quality score that was measured as the sum of 4 distinct domains: (1) adherence to sepsis guidelines, (2) adherence to cardiac arrest guidelines, (3) performance on seizure resuscitation, and (4) teamwork. After the simulation, a detailed report with scores, comparisons to other EDs, and a gap analysis were provided to sites. Based on this report, a regional children’s hospital team worked collaboratively with each ED to develop action items and a timeline for improvements. The National Pediatric Readiness Project PRS scores, the primary outcome of this study, were measured before and after participation. Results Twelve community EDs in Connecticut participated in this project. The PRS scores were assessed before and after the intervention (simulation-based assessment and gap analysis/report-out). The average time between PRS assessments was 21 months. The PRS scores significantly improved 12.9% from the first assessment (mean ± SEM = 64 ± 4.4) to the second assessment (77 ± 4.0, P = 0.022). The PRS score domains also showed improvements in coordination of pediatric patient care (median improvement, 50%), quality improvement activities (median improvement, 79%), patient safety initiatives (mean improvement, 7%), policies and procedures (mean improvement, 17%), and availability of pediatric equipment (mean improvement, 7%). Conclusions Participation in a simulation-based quality improvement collaborative was associated with improvements in pediatric readiness.
Science education in Uganda: progress and possibilities

An extensive survey of 110 randomly selected secondary schools in Uganda provided information on teaching and facilities. Questionnaires completed by 214 teachers and 630 students on attitudes towards secondary education and science education provided insight into perceptions of the role in general and science education in particular. Equivalent questionnaires were also completed by samples of parents, employers, employees and early school leavers. While there was considerable consensus across groups on the general aims of secondary education, differences arose when considering science education. Results indicate a view towards science as problem solving by teachers, suggesting a greater understanding of science than in the past. Students see science as having a high memorization emphasis and less problem solving. It is suggested that this is due to lack of practical experiences and science teaching facilities, large classes of 40‐90 students, traditional examination syllabuses, and lack of equipment, cla.
Videotaped Discovery of a Reportedly Unrecallable Memory of Child Sexual Abuse: Comparison with a Childhood Interview Videotaped 11 Years Before

This article presents the history, verbatim transcripts, and behavioral observations of a child's disclosure of sexual abuse to Dr. David Corwin in 1984 and the spontaneous return of that reportedly unrecallable memory during an interview between the same individual, now a young adult, and Dr. Corwin 11 years later. Both interviews were videotape recorded. The significance, limitations, and clinical implications of this unique case study are discussed. Five commentaries by researchers from differing empirical perspectives who have reviewed these videotape-recorded interviews follow this article.
An Empirical Examination of the Correlates of Well-Defined and Not Defined MMPI-2 Code Types

This study examined the effects of profile definition on the correlates of 4 common MMPI-2 code types. Correlations for extratest descriptors judged to be conceptually relevant to a code type were contrasted with those that were not relevant for profiles that were defined and those that were not defined. Participants were 301 community mental health center outpatients who were part of a larger study concerning the use of the MMPI-2 in such settings (Graham, Ben-Porath, & McNulty, in press). The results suggest that conceptually relevant code-type correlates tend to be stronger for defined code types. Although such descriptors can be used when interpreting profiles that are not well defined, they are less likely to apply.
Masked Sentence Recognition Assessed at Ascending Target-to-Masker Ratios: Modest Effects of Repeating Stimuli

Objectives: Masked sentence recognition is typically evaluated by presenting a novel stimulus on each trial. As a consequence, experiments calling for replicate estimates in multiple conditions require large corpora of stimuli. The present study evaluated the consequences of repeating sentence-plus-masker pairs at ascending target-to-masker ratios (TMRs). The hypothesis was that performance on each trial would be consistent with the cues available to the listener at the associated TMR, resulting in similar estimates of threshold and slope for procedures using novel versus repeated sentences within an ascending-TMR block of trials. Design: A group of 37 normal-hearing young adults participated. Each listener was tested in the presence of one of three maskers: a multitalker babble, a speech-shaped noise, or an amplitude-modulated speech-shaped noise. There were two data collection procedures, both proceeding in blocks of trials with ascending TMRs. The novel-stimulus procedure used five lists of AzBio sentences, one presented at each of five TMRs, with a novel sentence and masker sample on each trial. The repeated-stimulus procedure used a single list of AzBio sentences, with each sentence presented at multiple TMRs, progressing from low to high; each sentence was paired with a single masker sample, such that only the TMR changed within blocks of repeated stimuli. Listeners completed one run with the novel-stimulus procedure and five runs with the repeated-stimulus procedure. The resulting values of percent correct at each TMR were fitted with a logit function to estimate threshold and psychometric function slope. Results: The novel- and repeated-stimulus procedures resulted in generally similar data patterns. After controlling for effects related to the order in which listeners completed the six data collection runs, mean thresholds were slightly higher (<0.5 dB) for the repeated-stimulus procedure than the novel-stimulus procedure in all three maskers. Function slopes for the multitalker babble and amplitude-modulated noise maskers were slightly shallower using the repeated-stimulus than the novel-stimulus procedure, but slopes were comparable for the speech-shaped noise. The quality of psychometric function fits was significantly better for the repeated-stimulus than the novel-stimulus procedure, even when comparing a single run of the repeated-stimulus procedure (using one list) to a run of the novel-stimulus procedure (using five lists). Conclusions: Repeating sentences at ascending TMRs is an efficient method for estimating thresholds and psychometric function slopes, both in terms of the number of sentences and the number of trials.
Polarization and anisotropy of the microwave sky.

We study the polarization-polarization and polarization-temperature correlations in standard adiabatic scenarios for structure formation. Temperature anisotropies due to gravitational potential wells and oscillations in the photon-baryon-electron fluid on the surface of last scattering are each associated with a correlated polarization pattern. While the `correlated part' of the polarization has an r.m.s. of only a third of the total signal, it may still be measurable by mapping a large area on the sky. We calculate the expected signal to noise ratio for various measures of the polarization in a hypothetical mapping experiment such as those now being planned.
Coaches' Feedback and Changes in Children's Perceptions of Their Physical Competence.

On a etudie la relation entre les appreciations communiquees a de jeunes athletes-femmes par leurs entraineurs et l'autoperception par celles-ci de leurs propres aptitudes physiques au cours d'une saison entiere. Les procedures de recueil des donnees ont comporte l'observation du jeu et l'administration d'une batterie de tests d'auto-evaluation
Fine Structure of Sporulation in Bacillus cereus Grown in a Chemically Defined Medium

Ellar, D. J. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), and D. G. Lundgren. Fine structure of sporulation in Bacillus cereus grown in a chemically defined medium. J. Bacteriol. 92:1748–1764. 1966. —A study was made of the fine structure of sporulating cells of Bacillus cereus grown in a chemically defined medium. The developmental stages of sporulation occurred in a fairly synchronous manner and were complete by 14 hr. This time period was shortened when spore wall peptide components were added to the medium, but the addition had no effect upon fine structure except to thicken the cell wall. Sporulation could be separated into six morphological stages which generally agreed with those published for other sporulating bacteria. The initiation of the spore (forespore) septum takes the form of an inward folding of the cytoplasmic membrane toward the pole of the cell. The inward folding forms a characteristic Y-shaped membrane structure enclosing an area within which vesicles are found. These vesicles comprise the perisporal mesosome of the cell. The membranes on opposite sides of the cell progress toward the cell center where they fuse to form the double unit membrane of the spore septum. As the proliferation of the spore septum continues, the vesicular areas move towards the pole. The end result is a double forespore membrane which completely encloses a part of the vegetative cell's chromatin. Sporal mesosomes, as well as membrane vesicles, are involved in the proliferation of the forespore. Vesicles are generally bounded by a single unit membrane, whereas in the sporal mesosomes several unit membranes are arranged concentrically. The latter become associated with the segregation of a portion of the nuclear material into the forespore region of the cell.
Differential Virulence and Pathogenesis of West Nile Viruses

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that cycles between mosquitoes and birds but that can also infect humans, horses, and other vertebrate animals. In most humans, WNV infection remains subclinical. However, 20%–40% of those infected may develop WNV disease, with symptoms ranging from fever to meningoencephalitis. A large variety of WNV strains have been described worldwide. Based on their genetic differences, they have been classified into eight lineages; the pathogenic strains belong to lineages 1 and 2. Ten years ago, Beasley et al. (2002) found that dramatic differences exist in the virulence and neuroinvasion properties of lineage 1 and lineage 2 WNV strains. Further insights on how WNV interacts with its hosts have recently been gained; the virus acts either at the periphery or on the central nervous system (CNS), and these observed differences could help explain the differential virulence and neurovirulence of WNV strains. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on factors that trigger WNV dissemination and CNS invasion as well as on the inflammatory response and CNS damage induced by WNV. Moreover, we will discuss how WNV strains differentially interact with the innate immune system and CNS cells, thus influencing WNV pathogenesis.
Putting the Politics Back into Youth Studies: Keynesianism, Monetarism and the Changing State of Youth

This paper argues that youth studies should return to the political. It does so through emphasizing the importance of age in youth to the state and to the political management of capitalist social relations. Through a process of critique, this paper argues that the neglect of age to contemporary orthodox youth studies is a consequence of its misplaced and unsustainable concern with youth as a process of 'growing up'; and that where connections are made between the state, age and youth, these remain incoherent and poorly developed. By way of mapping out the basis for an alternative, this paper advocates the need to derive age and youth from their broader significance to the political management of the social relations of production and, more specifically, to the changing form of the capitalist state.
A weakly supervised approach to seismic structure labeling

With the growing demand of high-resolution subsurface characterization from 3D seismic surveying, the size of 3D seismic data has been dramatically increasing, and correspondingly, the process of interpreting seismic data is becoming more time consuming and labor intensive. Recently, there has been great interest in various supervised machine learning techniques that can help reduce the time and effort consumed by manual interpretation workflows. However, supervised machine learning requires labels for training, and obtaining these labels for large volumes of seismic data is a very demanding and challenging task. In this work, we propose a weakly-supervised approach to labeling subsurface seismic structures using Orthogonal Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (ONMF) with additional sparsity constraints. We show that "rough" image-level labels can be used to obtain high-quality pixel-level labels using weakly-supervised learning. Such pixel-level labels can then be used for training powerful supervised machine learning models. This approach greatly simplifies the process of generating labeled data for applying machine learning techniques to computational seismic interpretation tasks. Results obtained by labeling various subsurface structures from the Netherlands North Sea F3 block show very promising results.
A Model of Self-Held Work Roles and Role Transitions

We develop a model of individual role perceptions and apply this model to the problem of role transitions. The model we present is based on 3 components: system requirements, which represent the demands made of the individual by the employing organization; role-schemas, defined as individual perceptions of how the role is typically enacted within the broader society; and a role-specific self-concept. We argue that these 3 factors are salient during role enactment and role transition, and that they influence behavior on the job. We then present a 2-stage model of role transitions outlining the ways in which roles can change over time. We close with a discussion of the contributions of the model.
AMP-activated Protein Kinase Plays a Role in the Control of Food Intake*

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a protein kinase cascade that acts as an intracellular energy sensor maintaining the energy balance within the cell. The finding that leptin and adiponectin activate AMPK to alter metabolic pathways in muscle and liver provides direct evidence for this role in peripheral tissues. The hypothalamus is a key regulator of food intake and energy balance, coordinating body adiposity and nutritional state in response to peripheral hormones, such as leptin, peptide YY-(3–36), and ghrelin. To date the hormonal regulation of AMPK in the hypothalamus, or its potential role in the control of food intake, have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that counter-regulatory hormones involved in appetite control regulate AMPK activity and that pharmacological activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus increases food intake. In vivo administration of leptin, which leads to a reduction in food intake, decreases hypothalamic AMPK activity. By contrast, injection of ghrelin in vivo, which increases food intake, stimulates AMPK activity in the hypothalamus. Consistent with the effect of ghrelin, injection of 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside, a pharmacological activator of AMPK, into either the third cerebral ventricle or directly into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus significantly increased food intake. These results suggest that AMPK is regulated in the hypothalamus by hormones which regulate food intake. Furthermore, direct pharmacological activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus is sufficient to increase food intake. These findings demonstrate that AMPK plays a role in the regulation of feeding and identify AMPK as a novel target for anti-obesity drugs.
Assessment of leg muscles mechanical capacities: Which jump, loading, and variable type provide the most reliable outcomes?

Abstract This study aimed to explore the strength of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship of lower limb muscles and the reliability of its parameters (maximum force [F0], slope [a], maximum velocity [V0], and maximum power [P0]). Twenty-three men were tested in two different jump types (squat and countermovement jump: SJ and CMJ), performed under two different loading conditions (free weight and Smith machine: Free and Smith) with 0, 17, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg loads. The maximum and averaged values of F and V were obtained for the F–V relationship modelling. All F–V relationships were strong and linear independently whether observed from the averaged across the participants (r ≥ 0.98) or individual data (r = 0.94–0.98), while their parameters were generally highly reliable (F0 [CV: 4.85%, ICC: 0.87], V0 [CV: 6.10%, ICC: 0.82], a [CV: 10.5%, ICC: 0.81], and P0 [CV: 3.5%, ICC: 0.93]). Both the strength of the F–V relationships and the reliability of their parameters were significantly higher for (1) the CMJ over the SJ, (2) the Free over the Smith loading type, and (3) the maximum over the averaged F and V variables. In conclusion, although the F–V relationships obtained from all the jumps tested were linear and generally highly reliable, the less appropriate choice for testing the F–V relationship could be through the averaged F and V data obtained from the SJ performed either in a Free weight or in a Smith machine. Insubstantial differences exist among the other combinations tested.
Representing effects of aqueous phase reactions in shallow cumuli in global models

Aqueous phase reactions are important, sometimes dominant (e.g., for SO2), pathways for the oxidation of air pollutants at the local and/or global scale. In many current chemical transport models (CTMs), the transport and aqueous reactions of chemical species are treated as split processes, and the subgrid‐scale heterogeneity between cloudy and environmental air is not considered. Here using large eddy simulation (LES) with idealized aqueous reactions mimicking the oxidation of surface‐originated SO2 by H2O2 in shallow cumuli, we show that the eddy diffusivity mass flux (EDMF) approach with a bulk plume can represent those processes quite well when entrainment/detrainment rates and eddy diffusivity are diagnosed using a conservative thermodynamic variable such as total water content. The reason is that a typical aqueous reaction such as SO2 aqueous oxidation is relatively slow compared to the in‐cloud residence time of air parcels in shallow cumuli. As a result, the surface‐originated SO2 is well correlated with and behaves like conservative thermodynamic variables that also have sources at the surface. Experiments with various reaction rate constants and relative abundances of SO2 and H2O2 indicate that when the reaction timescale approaches the in‐cloud residence time of air parcels, the errors of the bulk plume approach start to increase. Treating chemical tracer transport and aqueous reaction as split processes leads to significant errors, especially when the reaction is fast compared to the in‐cloud residence time. Overall, the EDMF approach shows large improvement over the CTM‐like treatments in matching the LES results.