Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source-specific workplace social support and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels among Japanese workers: A 1-year prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the prospective association between source-specific workplace social support and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in workers in Japan. METHODS We conducted a 1-year prospective cohort study with 1,487 men and 533 women aged 18-65 years. Participants worked at two manufacturing worksites in Japan and were free of major illness. We used multivariable linear regression analyses to evaluate the prospective association between supervisor and coworker support at baseline, and hs-CRP levels at follow-up. We conducted the analyses separately for men and women. RESULTS For women, high supervisor support at baseline was significantly associated with lower hs-CRP levels at follow-up (β = -0.109, P < 0.01), whereas coworker support at baseline was not significantly associated with hs-CRP levels at follow-up. Associations between supervisor and coworker support and hs-CRP levels were not significant for men. CONCLUSIONS Supervisor support may have beneficial effects on inflammatory markers in working women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:676-684, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of MRI of the wrist for age determination in international U-17 soccer competitions

Background: To guarantee equal chances for different age groups, age-related tournaments for male and female players have been established in soccer. However, as registration at birth is not compulsory in some countries, other methods of age determination are needed to prevent participation in the incorrect age group. Objectives: To evaluate the age of soccer players of international U-17 competitions from the degree of fusion of the distal radius and to compare the findings with an age-related normative population. Methods: MRI scans of the wrist of a representative sample of 189 players from four U-17 competitions (FIFA U-17 World Cups 2003 and 2005, and Asian (AFC) U-17 championships 2004 and 2006) were analysed using a previously published grading system. Results: Because of different regulations, all players in the AFC U-17 championships were younger than 17 years, whereas 71% of the players in the FIFA U-17 World Cup competitions were 17 years old. The distal radius of 15% of players from the AFC U-17 tournaments and 27% of the players from the FIFA U-17 tournaments were graded as completely fused on the MRI scans, which is a substantially higher percentage than in the respective age groups of a previously published normative population of soccer players. Furthermore, in contrast with the normative population, no significant correlation between the age category and the fusion grading (r = 0.13) was observed in U-17 players. Conclusion: From the MRI results, U-17 soccer players seem to be more mature than a normative population of the same age category. However, the lack of correlation between age category and degree of fusion in U-17 players supports the suspicion that the age stated in the official documents of the U-17 players examined might not be correct in all cases.
Token Based Privacy Preserving Access Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

In large scale Wireless Sensor Network the network owner and the users of the sensor network may be different. A distributed access control module allows the users to access data from the network for which the user has privileges. The users of such a network required the privacy of their identity and access patterns from the network and other users. To support this user privacy previous works proposed techniques where a user sends a query with a signature generated based on a group of authorised users. With such a technique the sensor nodes verify the query and know it is a valid signature without being able to know the actual signer of the query. Due to this signer ambiguity in such an approach the dishonest or malicious users are not identified. In this paper, we present Token based Privacy Preserving Access Control (TPPAC) algorithm which preserves essential user privacy and identify the dishonest user. A set of tokens are distributed to different user groups by the network owner. A network user sends the query with signature based on the group and the token. This is verified by the sensor nodes and token count is stored. When a threshold value is exceeded for the token count it is reported to network owner for necessary actions. The experimental results show our algorithm is attack resilient and efficient that provides distributed privacy preserving access control.
Cytotoxicity for lung epithelial cells is a virulence-associated phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Dissemination of viable tubercle bacilli from the lung is a critical event in the establishment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We examined the possibility that M. tuberculosis bacteria could infect and damage lung epithelial cells to determine whether direct penetration of the alveolar epithelium is a plausible route of M. tuberculosis infection. While both virulent H37Rv tubercle bacilli and the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine strain were able to enter A549 human lung epithelial cells in culture, only the virulent tubercle bacilli were cytotoxic for both polarized and nonpolarized epithelial monolayers and macrophages. In addition, bacterial entry into epithelial cells, but not macrophages, was increased by intracellular passage through macrophages, suggesting enhancement of a bacterially mediated cell entry mechanism in bacteria grown within macrophages. These findings suggest that M. tuberculosis bacteria might have the ability to gain access to the host lymphatics and circulatory system by directly penetrating the alveolar epithelial lining of an infected lung.
Effect of T-cell deficiency on the chronicity of arthritis induced in mice by Mycoplasma pulmonis

Mycoplasma pulmonis inoculated parenterally into athymic nude mice congenitally deficient in T cells caused a chronic arthritis of significantly greater magnitude than in immunologically normal mice. During the chronic phase of arthritis, M. pulmonis organisms were isolated from the joints and spleens of athymic nude mice more frequently and in larger numbers than from immunologically normal mice. The results support the concept that impaired T-cell function predisposes the mice to a severe degree of chronic arthritis as a result of their failure to eliminate the causative organisms.
A critical analysis of intercultural communication research in cross‐cultural management: Introducing newer developments in anthropology

– Functionalist models of intercultural interaction have serious limitations relying on static and decontextualized culture views. This paper sets out to outline newer developments in anthropological theory in order to provide inspirations to a more dynamic and contextual approach for understanding intercultural communication research in cross‐cultural management (CCM). , – The paper analyzes the established approaches to the cultural underpinnings of intercultural communication in CCM and examines how newer developments in anthropology may contribute to this research. , – The standard frameworks for classifying cultures in CCM are based on a view of culture as static, formal mental codes and values abstracted from the context of valuation. However, this view, underwriting the dominating research stream, has been abandoned in the discipline of anthropology from which it originated. This theory gap between intercultural communication research in CCM and anthropology tends to exclude from CCM an understanding of how the context of social, organizational and power relationships shapes the role of culture in communication. , – The paper proposes to substitute the view of culture as comprising of abstract values and codes as determinants of communication with concepts of culture as dynamically enfolded in practice and socially situated in specific contexts, in order to give new directions to theories on intercultural communication in CCM. , – Scant research has compared intercultural communication research in CCM with new anthropological developments. New insights from anthropology are analyzed in order to open up analytical space in CCM.
MOBILIZATION OF HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS (CFU) INTO THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF THE MOUSE; EFFECTS OF ENDOTOXIN AND OTHER COMPOUNDS

Factors affecting the circulation of haemopoietic stem cells (CFU) in the peripheral blood of mice were investigated. I.v. injection of sublethal doses of endotoxin, trypsin and proteinase appeared to raise the number of CFU per ml blood from about 30–40 to about 300–400 or more within 10 min. The effect was smaller when smaller doses of the substances were injected. After this initial rise the number of circulating cells returned to normal in a few hours. Following endotoxin there was a second rise which started 2–3 days after injection and attained a peak on the 6th–7th day. The first rise is explained as a mobilization of stem cells from their normal microenvironments into the blood stream; the second rise is considered to reflect proliferation of CFUs in the haemopoietic tissues. The spleen seems to be acting as an organ capturing CFUs from the blood and not as a source adding stem cells to the blood.
Restorative justice and domestic violence: some exploratory thoughts

abstract Restorative justice as a framework for working with victims and offenders in the aftermath of crime has been adopted in a variety of processes and contexts over the years. This focus critically examines the restorative justice approach in criminal justice with special reference to its applicability to domestic violence cases. Despite the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act of 1998, violence against women in South Africa continues unabated. The second part of the focus outlines specific provisions in the Act and proposes possibilities for integration of restorative principles. The focus concludes that a prerequisite for successful integration of restorative options is the development of regulatory frameworks and minimum standards in restorative justice practice.
What’s the point of moderation? A discussion of the purposes achieved through contemporary moderation practices

An increasingly regulated higher education sector is renewing its attention to those activities referred to as ‘moderation’ in its efforts to ensure that judgements of student achievement are based on appropriate standards. Moderation practices conducted throughout the assessment process can result in purposes identified as equity, justification, accountability and community building. This paper draws on the limited studies of moderation and wider relevant research on judgement, standards and professional learning to test commonly used moderation practices against these identified purposes. The paper concludes with recommendations for maximising the potential of moderation practices to establish and maintain achievement standards.
Using empirical orthogonal functions derived from remote-sensing reflectance for the prediction of phytoplankton pigment concentrations

Abstract. The composition and abundance of algal pigments provide information on phytoplankton community characteristics such as photoacclimation, overall biomass and taxonomic composition. In particular, pigments play a major role in photoprotection and in the light-driven part of photosynthesis. Most phytoplankton pigments can be measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques applied to filtered water samples. This method, as well as other laboratory analyses, is time consuming and therefore limits the number of samples that can be processed in a given time. In order to receive information on phytoplankton pigment composition with a higher temporal and spatial resolution, we have developed a method to assess pigment concentrations from continuous optical measurements. The method applies an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to remote-sensing reflectance data derived from ship-based hyperspectral underwater radiometry and from multispectral satellite data (using the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer – MERIS – Polymer product developed by Steinmetz et al., 2011) measured in the Atlantic Ocean. Subsequently we developed multiple linear regression models with measured (collocated) pigment concentrations as the response variable and EOF loadings as predictor variables. The model results show that surface concentrations of a suite of pigments and pigment groups can be well predicted from the ship-based reflectance measurements, even when only a multispectral resolution is chosen (i.e., eight bands, similar to those used by MERIS). Based on the MERIS reflectance data, concentrations of total and monovinyl chlorophyll a and the groups of photoprotective and photosynthetic carotenoids can be predicted with high quality. As a demonstration of the utility of the approach, the fitted model based on satellite reflectance data as input was applied to 1 month of MERIS Polymer data to predict the concentration of those pigment groups for the whole eastern tropical Atlantic area. Bootstrapping explorations of cross-validation error indicate that the method can produce reliable predictions with relatively small data sets (e.g.,
Electric vehicles: Struggles in creating a market

Toyota is the pioneer in the hybrid electric vehicle, and today almost all major car assemblers produce hybrid cars. Now, several auto manufacturers are preparing for the commercial launches of battery powered electric vehicles in 2011. Another battle for dominance in electric car market has started. However, the development of technologies for electric cars has a very long history and presently there is a huge diversity of technological solutions in development. In order to understand the evolution of electric vehicles, we carried out two related case studies. In the first case study, we analyze the experience of General Motors in the last 40 years in developing electric vehicles. Our focuses are on the objectives of each development, technologies employed and external factors that stimulated each effort. The results show that in the first 20 years the main objective is to explore different technologies. The intention to launch a commercial electric vehicle only appears in the last 20 years. In the second case study, we analyze propulsion technologies and product architectures electric vehicles announced, in the last few years, by established auto manufacturers and new entrants. The results show that innovations in product architecture can provide a niche market for electric vehicles.
The actions of ethinyloestradiol on the pituitary‐adrenal system of the rat

1 . Single doses of ethinyloestradiol stimulate the pituitary adrenal axis of the female rat during quiescent conditions. 2 . After a stimulus which releases endogenous ACTH, there is an inhibition of the release of corticosterone from the adrenal gland, but an increase in the corticosterone stored in the gland. 3 . Ethinyloestradiol (1·0 mg/kg) injected acutely or daily for 7 days does not affect the corticosterone binding capacity of plasma in female rats, or the clearance rate of an injection of corticosterone. 4 . Prolonged treatment with ethinyloestradiol and ACTH inhibits the pituitary‐adrenal response to a stress and to an ACTH injection, indicating a block at the adrenal and pituitary level. 5 . The adrenal gland recovers more rapidly than the pituitary after cessation of the oestrogen treatment. 6 . The inhibition of the pituitary‐adrenal response to stress after oestrogen is probably caused by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis as suggested by others. Oestrogens can increase corticoid secretion during non‐stress conditions, however, so precursor lack through exhaustion cannot be excluded. 7 . It is suggested that the inhibition of the stress response after prolonged ACTH treatment is due to a decrease in sensitivity of the adrenal cortex after frequent ACTH stimulation, but the possibility that it is due to a reduction in circulating cholesterol cannot be ruled out.
How to Suppress Women's Writing

Prologue 1. Prohibitions 2. Bad Faith 3. Denial of Agency 4. Pollution of Agency 5. The Double Standard of Content 6. False Categorizing 7. Isolation 8. Anomalousness 9. Lack of Models 10. Responses 11. Aesthetics Epilogue Author's Note Afterword Notes Index
Why Are Indian Children Shorter Than African Children ? ∗

Height-for-age among children is lower in India than in Sub-Saharan Africa. This presents a puzzle since India is richer than the average African country and fares better on most other development indicators including infant mortality. Using data from African and Indian Demographic and Health Surveys, we document three facts. First, among firstborns, Indians are actually taller than Africans; the Indian height disadvantage appears with the second child and increases with birth order. Second, investments in successive pregnancies and higher birth order children decline faster in India than Africa. Third, the India-Africa birth order gradient in child height appears to vary with sibling gender. These three facts suggest that parental preferences regarding higher birth order children, driven in part by cultural norms of eldest son preference, underlie much of India’s child stunting. ∗We thank Suanna Oh and Alexander Persaud for excellent research assistance, and Jere Behrman, Angus Deaton, Jean Drèze, Erica Field, Dominic Leggett, Nachiket Mor, Debraj Ray, Alessandro Tarozzi and several seminar and conference participants for comments. Contact information: Jayachandran: seema@northwestern.edu; Pande: rohini.pande@harvard.edu.
Emd of Gaussian White Noise: Effects of Signal Length and Sifting Number on the Statistical Properties of Intrinsic Mode Functions

This work presents a discussion on the probability density function of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) provided by the Empirical Mode Decomposition of Gaussian white noise, based on experimental simulations. The influence on the probability density functions of the data length and of the maximum allowed number of iterations is analyzed by means of kernel smoothing density estimations. The obtained results are confirmed by statistical normality tests indicating that the IMFs have non-Gaussian distributions. Our study also indicates that large data length and high number of iterations produce multimodal distributions in all modes.
A STUDY ON EFL TEACHERS’ BELIEFS–PRACTICE RELATIONSHIP REGARDING GENDER

This study investigated the fit between the EFL teachers’ beliefs and practice regarding gender in the Cyprus Turkish secondary state schools context. The data was collected through quantitative means. 81 English language teachers in the secondary schools participated in the study. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire which had two main components as “beliefs” and “practice”. For the purpose of statistical analysis, the belief and practice items of the questionnaire were paired (20 pairs were formed) and the data was subjected to two-tailed t-test to measure whether there was a significant difference between the female teachers and male teachers regarding “belief - practice” relationship. The analysis of the impact of gender on “belief- practice” relationship showed that female and male teachers were very similar to each other in their responses. The female teachers’ reported perceptions for the paired items showed significant results in 11 pairs whereas the male teachers’ reported perceptions indicated significant results in 9 pairs. Key Words: belief, practice, ELF teachers, EFL learning and teaching, gender.
Raloxifene decreases serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in postmenopausal women with end‐stage renal disease under chronic hemodialysis therapy

Aim: We prospectively aimed to investigate the relationship between raloxifene administration and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women undergoing hemodialysis treatment for chronic renal failure.
Differential force scaling of fine‐graded power grip force in the sensorimotor network

Force scaling in the sensorimotor network during generation and control of static or dynamic grip force has been the subject of many investigations in monkeys and human subjects. In human, the relationship between BOLD signal in cortical and subcortical regions and force still remains controversial. With respect to grip force, the modulation of the BOLD signal has been mostly studied for forces often reaching high levels while little attention has been given to the low range for which electrophysiological neuronal correlates have been demonstrated. We thus conducted a whole‐brain fMRI study on the control of fine‐graded force in the low range, using a power grip and three force conditions in a block design. Participants generated on a dynamometer visually guided repetitive force pulses (ca. 0.5 Hz), reaching target forces of 10%, 20%, and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction. Regions of interest analysis disclosed activation in the entire cortical and subcortical sensorimotor network and significant force‐related modulation in several regions, including primary motor (M1) and somatosensory cortex, ventral premotor and inferior parietal areas, and cerebellum. The BOLD signal, however, increased monotonically with force only in contralateral M1 and ipsilateral anterior cerebellum. The remaining regions were activated with force in various nonlinear manners, suggesting that other factors such as visual input, attention, and muscle recruitment also modulate the BOLD signal in this visuomotor task. These findings demonstrate that various regions of the sensorimotor network participate differentially in the production and control of fine‐graded grip forces. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delayed Soft X-Ray Emission Lines in the Afterglow of GRB 030227

Strong delayed X-ray line emission is detected in the afterglow of gamma-ray burst GRB 030227, appearing near the end of the XMM-Newton observation, nearly 20 hr after the burst. The observed flux in the lines, not simply the equivalent width, sharply increases from an undetectable level (<1.7 × 10-14 ergs cm-2 s-1, 3 σ) to 4.1 × 10-14 ergs cm-2 s-1 in the final 9.7 ks. The line emission alone has nearly twice as many detected photons as any previous detection of X-ray lines. The lines correspond well to hydrogen- and/or helium-like emission from Mg, Si, S, Ar, and Ca at a redshift z = 1.39. There is no evidence for Fe, Co, or Ni—the ultimate iron abundance must be less than a tenth that of the lighter metals. If the supernova and GRB events are nearly simultaneous, there must be continuing sporadic power output after the GRB of a luminosity ≳5 × 1046 ergs s-1, exceeding all but the most powerful quasars.
Kinesthesia : roles for afferent signals and motor commands

The sections in this article are: 1 Historical Perspectives 2 Current Definitions 3 Properties of Kinesthetic Afferents 3.1 Muscle Spindles 3.2 Tendon Organ Afferents 3.3 Joint Afferents 3.4 Cutaneous Afferents 3.5 Possible Kinesthetic Role for Group III and IV Fibers 3.6 Cortical Projections 4 Kinesthetic Mechanisms in Isolation 4.1 Illusions Produced by Stimulation of Kinesthetic Afferents 4.2 Electrical Stimulation of Muscle, Joint, and Cutaneous Afferents 4.3 Sensations of Joint Position and Movement 4.4 Assessment of Movement Sensation 4.5 Senses of Force and Heaviness 4.6 Sense of Timing of Muscle Action 4.7 Other Roles for Motor Commands 5 Deafferentation 6 Functional Aspects of Kinesthesia 6.1 Body Schema 6.2 Muscle Fatigue 6.3 Altered Kinesthesia with Aging 6.4 Changes in Kinesthesia with Joint Pathology 7 Conclusions