Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accommodating the load

Very large genomes, that is, those above 20 Gb, are rare but widely distributed throughout the eukaryotes. They are found within the diatoms, dinoflagellates, metazoans and green plants, but so far have not been found in the excavates. There is a known positive correlation between genome size and the proportion of the genome composed of transposable elements (TEs). Very large genomes may therefore be expected to be almost entirely composed of TEs. Of the large genomes examined, in the angiosperms, gymnosperms and the dinoflagellates only a small portion of the genome was identified as TEs, most of these genomes were unidentified and may be novel or diverse TEs. In the salamanders and lungfish, 25 to 47% of the genome were identifiable retrotransposons, that is, TEs that copy themselves before insertion. However, the predominant class of TEs found in the lungfish was not the same as that found in the salamanders. The little data we have at the moment suggests therefore that the diversity and abundance of TEs is variable between taxa with large genomes, similar to patterns found in taxa with smaller genomes. Based on results from the human genome, we suggest that the ‘missing’ portion of the lungfish and salamander genomes are old, highly divergent, and therefore inactive copies of TEs. The data available indicate that, unlike plants with large genomes, neither the lungfish nor the salamanders show an increased risk of extinction. Based on a slow rate of DNA loss in salamanders it has been suggested that the large salamander genome is the result of run-away genome expansion involving genome size increases via TE proliferation associated with reduced recombination rate. We know of no studies on DNA loss or recombination rates in lungfish genomes, however a similar scenario could describe the process of genome expansion in the lungfish. A series of waves of TE transposition and sequence decay would describe the pattern of TE content seen in both the lungfish and the salamanders. The lungfish and salamanders, therefore, may accommodate their large load of TEs because these TEs have accumulated gradually over a long period of time and have been subject to inactivation and decay.
Development of Direction Selectivity Through Hebbian Modification November 4 , 1996

Zero-sum Hebbian learning rules that reinforce well correlated inputs have been used by others to model the competitive self-organization of afferents from the lateral geni culate nucleus to produce orientation selectivity and ocular dominance columns. However, the applicatio n of these simple Hebbian rules to the development of direction selectivity (DS) is problematic b e ause the best correlated inputs are those that are well correlated in both the preferred and nonpreferred direct ions of motion. Such afferents would combine to produce non-DS cortical units. Afferents that are in spatiotemporal quadrature would combine to produce DS cortical units, but are poorly correlated in the nonpreferred direction. In this paper, the development of DS is reduced to the problem of associating a pair of units in spatiotemporal quadrature in the face of competition from a third, non-quadrature unit. As expected, simple Hebbian learning rules perform poorly at associating the quadrature pair. Howev er, two additional Hebb-type learning rules, postsynaptic gating and BCM, improve performance. Resu lts from this three-input model are shown to generalize to a larger network. We conclude that learning rules i n which the postsynaptic response determines the magnitude and/or direction of synaptic chan ge perform better than simple Hebbian rules at establishing direction selectivity.
Active Action Potential Propagation But Not Initiation in Thalamic Interneuron Dendrites

Inhibitory interneurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus modulate the activity of thalamocortical cells in response to excitatory input through the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter from both axons and dendrites. The exact mechanisms by which release can occur from dendrites are, however, not well understood. Recent experiments using calcium imaging have suggested that Na/K-based action potentials can evoke calcium transients in dendrites via local active conductances, making the backpropagating action potential a candidate for dendritic neurotransmitter release. In this study, we used high temporal and spatial resolution voltage-sensitive dye imaging to assess the characteristics of dendritic voltage deflections in response to Na/K action potentials in interneurons of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. We found that trains or single action potentials elicited by somatic current injection or local synaptic stimulation rapidly and actively backpropagated throughout the entire dendritic arbor and into the fine filiform dendritic appendages known to release GABAergic vesicles. Action potentials always appeared first in the soma or proximal dendrite in response to somatic current injection or local synaptic stimulation, and the rapid backpropagation into the dendritic arbor depended upon voltage-gated sodium and tetraethylammonium chloride-sensitive potassium channels. Our results indicate that thalamic interneuron dendrites integrate synaptic inputs that initiate action potentials, most likely in the axon initial segment, that then backpropagate with high fidelity into the dendrites, resulting in a nearly synchronous release of GABA from both axonal and dendritic compartments.
Premorbid personality development and functioning in elderly depressives : a retrospective community study

Depression is the most common psychopathological syndrome in the elderly (Blazer, 1982) •. Yet, with appropriate treatment, depressive symptoms··· . ,. · generally have a favourable prognosis. ·Researchers such as Post (1972) and Zung (1980) have emphasized the importance of the premorbid personality in understanding depression and ~Janning its effective treatment. However, personality studies are unpopular and often methodological)y unsound. The present study attempts to investigate the problem of the premorbid personality in depressed elderly persons. The total number of severely and moderately depressed elderly persons found in a randomly selected community sample was matched with a group of non-depressed elderly persons on age, sex, marital status, socio. economic class, social support, type of accommodation, previous and present employment, living arrangements, physical morbidity and number of 1 ife events •. The hypothesis tested was that depressed subjects would differ from non-depressed subjects on the developmen~ and functioning of their premorpid personalities. The two groups thus were assessed on the following scales: ' i) The first was a factor analytically_ ~ased scale. t:_~~-Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). This scale was administered using a ·modification which has been s·hown to greatly reduce the effect of the present menta~ state, thus being a measure of the functioning of the premorbid personality (Kendell and DiScipio, 1968). ii) ·The second scale, the psychodynamically based Psychosocial ----~-. Index (PS1) which measured both present functioning as well 1.
Assessment of panoramic radiography as a national oral examination tool: review of the literature

Purpose The purpose of this review is to evaluate the possibility of panoramic radiography as a national oral examination tool. Materials and Methods This report was carried out by review of the literatures. Results Panoramic radiography has sufficient diagnostic accuracy in dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other lesions. Also, the effective dose of panoramic radiography is lower than traditional full-mouth periapical radiography. Conclusion Panoramic radiography will improve the efficacy of dental examination in national oral examination. However, more studies are required to evaluate the benefit, financial cost, and operation time and also to make selection criteria and quality management program.
Infinitesimal deformations of double covers of smooth algebraic varieties

The goal of this paper is to give a method to compute the space of infinitesimal deformations of a double cover of a smooth algebraic variety. The space of all infinitesimal deformations has a representation as a direct sum of two subspaces. One is isomorphic to the space of simultaneous deformations of the branch locus and the base of the double covering. The second summand is the subspace of deformations of the double covering which induce trivial deformations of the branch divisor. The main result of the paper is a description of the effect of imposing singularities in the branch locus.
Description-Driven Community Detection

Traditional approaches to community detection, as studied by physicists, sociologists, and more recently computer scientists, aim at simply partitioning the social network graph. However, with the advent of online social networking sites, richer data has become available: beyond the link information, each user in the network is annotated with additional information, for example, demographics, shopping behavior, or interests. In this context, it is therefore important to develop mining methods which can take advantage of all available information. In the case of community detection, this means finding good communities (a set of nodes cohesive in the social graph) which are associated with good descriptions in terms of user information (node attributes). Having good descriptions associated to our models make them understandable by domain experts and thus more useful in real-world applications. Another requirement dictated by real-world applications, is to develop methods that can use, when available, any domain-specific background knowledge. In the case of community detection the background knowledge could be a vague description of the communities sought in a specific application, or some prototypical nodes (e.g., good customers in the past), that represent what the analyst is looking for (a community of similar users). Towards this goal, in this article, we define and study the problem of finding a diverse set of cohesive communities with concise descriptions. We propose an effective algorithm that alternates between two phases: a hill-climbing phase producing (possibly overlapping) communities, and a description induction phase which uses techniques from supervised pattern set mining. Our framework has the nice feature of being able to build well-described cohesive communities starting from any given description or seed set of nodes, which makes it very flexible and easily applicable in real-world applications. Our experimental evaluation confirms that the proposed method discovers cohesive communities with concise descriptions in realistic and large online social networks such as Delicious, Flickr, and LastFM.
Trans-Aconitic acid, glucosylflavones and hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids from the leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus ssp. aureus, a Brazilian medicinal plant

The leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus are used traditionally in Brazil for their diuretic and antirheumatic activities. In order to obtain more information about its phenolic constituents, an ethanol leaf extract was fractionated. Five glucosylflavones, five hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids and trans-aconitic acid were isolated and their structures identified by NMR data and chiral HPLC. Quantitative determination of compounds 1 - 11 by HPLC indicated caffeoylferuloyltartaric acid with 0.13% as the main representative of the hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids and swertiajaponin with 0.31% of the glucosylflavones; the content of trans-aconitic acid in the investigated material was 0.98%.
European Regional Development Policies : The Trade-off Between Efficiency-Equity Revisited

Testing the convergence pattern of the poorest European Union members (Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Greece) reveals that it is characterized by a catching-up of their income on the European average, but also increasing regional disparities within each country. Since they are the major beneficiaries of European regional development funds, a reconsideration of the impact of these funds on regional development is necessary. Theoretical analysis shows when such investments come to financing intra-regional transport infrastructures in the poorest regions they favor convergence but reduces the country’s aggregate growth rate, whereas interregional transport infrastructures foster the aggregate growth, but lead to greater concentration in the core. Recent estimations show that their impact on regional development depends on the change in the region’s accessibility. Therefore, transportation infrastructures cannot always be seen as an efficient instrument to reduce interregional disparities in Europe. JEL classification: O15, O18, O19, O52, R41
The Effectiveness of “PLANS (Personality Fit Business)” Training on Choosing Business Categories

Many entrepreneur students run their businesses which are not congruent with their personality and it will affect the effectiveness of business performance. According to Holland (1985), congruency between personality and occupation can create personal satisfaction, increase productivity and successful career. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of “PLANS (Personality fit Business)” Training to increase congruency between the chosen business category and personality using Holland theory among entrepreneurship student candidates batch 2018 (N = 85). All of them got the "PLANS" Training which was divided into four sessions: (i) Self Exploration, (ii) Business Insights, (iii) Business Fields Exploration, and (iv) Exploration of Business Potential and Planning. The research was conducted quasi-experimental using pre-test and post-test without a control group. The measurements were based on personality SDS (Self Directed Search) Holland test and newly designed business category questionnaire based on the Standard Classification of Business Field in Indonesia 2015. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test with significance level α = 0.05. The result showed a significant difference of congruency between personality and chose business category before and after the training (t = 4.544, p = 0.00 (< 0.05)), (SD) pre-test = 34.71(29.857) and (SD) post-test = 51.71 (32.383). It means “PLANS” Training is effective in increasing congruency between personality and chosen business category among entrepreneurship college student candidates. Therefore, this research suggests the training to be integrated into entrepreneurship and other business school's curriculum like the School of Business and Management ITB as a guideline before starting their study. Research paper Keywords: Training Effectiveness, Holland Theory, Business Category, Entrepreneurship Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ginting, H. , Mustari, F. F. & Fitria, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of “PLANS (Personality Fit Business)” Training on Choosing Business Categories, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 6 (2), 45–70.
“Well, You Can’t Force Them”: Altercasting in the Home Health Care Context

Home health aides are often low-paid, low-status workers, performing their job in an isolated and interpersonally complex environment. This study, made up of semistructured interviews with 36 home health aides, explores compliance-gaining challenges faced by “low status, remote workers. ” It was found that altercasting, a compliance-gaining technique using social roles to govern behavior, is well suited for the home care context. Aides were found to activate four altercast roles, including parent, trainer, employee, and friend. It is suggested that by using positive altercasting as a compliance-gaining technique, aides are able to both persuade their client to complete necessary tasks of daily living at the same time they construct and maintain the moral identity of a good caregiver.
Measurement techniques and interconnect estimation

In this paper, we explore the role of interconnect measurement techniques in interconnect analysis and estimation. Interconnect characterization is important for validating new models, checking assumptions made in these models, analyzing the performance impact of new materials, and gauging the importance of new phenomena such as inductance and dynamic delay. Perhaps most importantly, measurement provides an invaluable resource into examining the magnitude and sources of process variation.
The PERPLEXUS bio-inspired hardware platform: A flexible and modular approach

This paper introduces the Perplexus hardware platform, a scalable computing substrate made of custom reconfigurable devices endowed with bio-inspired capabilities. This platform will enable the simulation of large-scale complex systems and the study of emergent complex behaviors in a virtually unbounded wireless network of computing modules. The modularity and flexibility of the platform are the key for tackling the diverse hardware setup needs of the different applications, mainly in the form of a pervasive distributed computing platform and a bio-inspired chip architecture. The Perplexus platform will provide a novel modeling framework thanks to the pervasive nature of the hardware platform, its bio-inspired capabilities, its strong interaction with the environment, and its dynamic topology. The final infrastructure will be used as a simulation tool for three applications: neurobiological modeling, culture dissemination modeling, and cooperative collective robotics.
Lowering Error Floor of LDPC Codes Using a Joint Row-Column Decoding Algorithm

Low-density parity-check codes using the belief-propagation decoding algorithm tend to exhibit a high error floor in the bit error rate curves, when some problematic graphical structures, such as the so-called trapping sets, exist in the corresponding Tanner graph. This paper presents a joint row-column decoding algorithm to lower the error floor, in which the column processing is combined with the processing of each row. By gradually updating the pseudo-posterior probabilities of all bit nodes, the proposed algorithm minimizes the propagation of erroneous information from trapping sets into the whole graph. The simulation indicates that the proposed joint decoding algorithm improves the performance in the waterfall region and lowers the error floor. Implementation results into field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices indicate that the proposed joint decoder increases the decoding speed by a factor of eight, compared to the traditional decoder.
Face Alignment at 3000 FPS via Regressing Local Binary Features

This paper presents a highly efficient, very accurate regression approach for face alignment. Our approach has two novel components: a set of local binary features, and a locality principle for learning those features. The locality principle guides us to learn a set of highly discriminative local binary features for each facial landmark independently. The obtained local binary features are used to jointly learn a linear regression for the final output. Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art results when tested on the current most challenging benchmarks. Furthermore, because extracting and regressing local binary features is computationally very cheap, our system is much faster than previous methods. It achieves over 3, 000 fps on a desktop or 300 fps on a mobile phone for locating a few dozens of landmarks.
Modeling Purchase Behavior at an E-Commerce Web Site: A Task-Completion Approach

The authors develop and estimate a model of online buying using clickstream data from a Web site that sells cars. The model predicts online buying by linking the purchase decision to what visitors do and to what they are exposed to while at the site. To overcome the challenges of predicting Internet buying, the authors decompose the purchase process into the completion of sequential nominal user tasks and account for heterogeneity across visitors at the county level. Using a sequence of binary probits, the authors model the visitor's decision of whether to complete each task for the first time, given that the visitor has completed the previous tasks at least once. The results indicate that visitors' browsing experiences and navigational behavior predict task completion for all decision levels. The results also indicate that the number of repeat visits per se is not diagnostic of buying propensity and that a site's offering of sophisticated decision aids does not guarantee increased conversion rates. The authors also compare the predictive performance of the task-completion approach with single-stage benchmark models in a holdout sample. The proposed approach provides superior prediction and better identifies likely buyers, especially early in the task sequence. The authors also discuss implications for Web site managers.
TL Dates for the Neanderthal Site of the Amud Cave, Israel

Abstract Age-estimates ranging from 50 to 70 ky were obtained for the Mousterian deposits of Amud Cave in Israel from thermoluminescence measurements performed on 19 burnt flints. The late dates obtained for the stratigraphic layers bearing hominid remains confirm the evidence for the late presence of Neanderthals in the Levant. The dates enable a more effective comparison of the lithic assemblages from Amud Cave with those of other contemporaneous sites and underline the variability within Mousterian lithic industries at the end of the Middle Palaeolithic in the Levant.
On the existence of discrete Wigner distributions

Among the myriad of time-frequency distributions, the Wigner distribution stands alone in satisfying many desirable mathematical properties. Attempts to extend definitions of the Wigner distribution to discrete signals have not been completely successful. In this letter, we propose an alternative definition for the Wigner distribution, which has a clear extension to discrete signals. Under this definition, we show that the Wigner distribution does not exist for certain classes of discrete signals.
Stratospheric variability contributed to and sustained the recent hiatus in Eurasian winter warming

The recent hiatus in global‐mean surface temperature warming was characterized by a Eurasian winter cooling trend, and the cause(s) for this cooling is unclear. Here we show that the observed hiatus in Eurasian warming was associated with a recent trend toward weakened stratospheric polar vortices. Specifically, by calculating the change in Eurasian surface air temperature associated with a given vortex weakening, we demonstrate that the recent trend toward weakened polar vortices reduced the anticipated Eurasian warming due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Those model integrations whose stratospheric vortex evolution most closely matches that in reanalysis data also simulate a hiatus. While it is unclear whether the recent weakening of the midwinter stratospheric polar vortex was forced, a properly configured model can simulate substantial deviations of the polar vortex on decadal timescales and hence such hiatus events, implying that similar hiatus events may recur even as greenhouse gas concentrations rise.
Viral Antibodies in Diabetes Mellitus

Sera from 123 patients with diabetes mellitus of recent onset, 155 patients with diabetes of more than two years' duration, and 250 normal persons were collected over a period of two and a half years. All sera were tested for neutralizing antibody to Coxsackie virus types B1–6, and a sample was tested for complement-fixing antibody to a number of viral, rickettsial, and mycoplasmal antigens. In diabetics of recent onset no evidence was found of any excess of antibodies to mumps virus or some common respiratory viruses. Insulin-dependent diabetes within three months of onset were found to have higher antibody titres to Coxsackie B virus, particularly of type B4, than either normal subjects or patients with diabetes of longer duration.