Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical exploration of psychological contract violation and individual behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to demonstrate the impact of psychological contract infringement (independent variable) on organizational commitment, exit, voice and neglect (dependent variables) within a Canadian federal public organization located in Quebec, where individual (e.g. age), organizational (e.g. stricter rule enforcement) and situational (e.g., employment alternatives) variables are controlled.Design/methodology/approach – A pre‐tested questionnaire (204 questions) on the psychological contract was distributed to 357 Canadian civil servants in a one site federal department. One hundred and thirty‐two questionnaires were returned and considered usable for research, for a 37 per cent response rate. Bivariate analysis was performed on the various determinants and individual responses to psychological contract violation, including organizational commitment, departure designs and counterproductive behaviors.Findings – Results clearly illustrate the great complexity of the link between or.
FACTORS THAT SUPPORT WOMEN'S SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION TO THE COMMUNITY FOLLOWING JAIL/PRISON

The purpose of this study was to describe factors that support women's successful transition to the community following incarceration. The design is qualitative, utilizing open-ended data generating interview questions of women who participate in Welcome Home Ministries (WHM), a new community faith-based program for women released from jail/prison. A multitude of factors are necessary to support women's successful transition to the community following incarceration. Although no questions were asked about religion or spirituality, the rank-ordered dominant factors were a spiritual belief and practice and freedom from addiction. The role of support groups and their "sisters" in WHM, the nurse-chaplain's jail visit and support, and the role of supportive friends (not former drug using friends) were additional key factors. The study findings may be used to support the design of new interventions based upon women's needs and capacities to empower them to create their own and their children's healthy future.
A temporal common ground for learning: The moderating effect of shared mental models on the relation between team learning behaviours and performance improvement

In this longitudinal study, we integrated a team process and a learning curve perspective on team learning and empirically analysed whether team learning processes lead to performance improvement. In addition, we tested whether this relation is moderated by the similarity of team members’ task, team, and temporal mental models. We tested our model on a sample of 67 teams (314 individuals) competing in a management simulation over five consecutive time periods, using random coefficient modelling (RCM). Our findings suggest that team learning behaviours do not have a direct effect on the team learning curve, but temporal and task mental models are crucial for the translation of team learning behaviours into performance improvement. We found that when teams have similar task and temporal mental models, engaging in team learning processes is beneficial, whereas, when teams have dissimilar task and temporal mental models, it is detrimental to performance improvement. We did not find a significant effect for the moderating role of team mental model similarity. Our study emphasizes the importance of integrating different perspectives on team learning and provides support for the role of team cognition as a catalyst for team learning.
Privacy-Preserving Social Tie Discovery Based on Cloaked Human Trajectories

The discovery of peoples' social connections is becoming a flourishing research topic, considering the rich social information inferable from human trajectories. Existing social tie detection methods often require mobile users to upload their accurate locations, causing serious privacy concerns. On the other hand, cloaking methods allow users to upload their obscured locations instead and can efficiently protect their location privacy. However, no existing social tie detection method can generate social relationships among users when only obscured trajectories are provided. To tackle the aforementioned problem, this paper proposes a novel semantic-tree-based algorithm. Specifically, we model the obscured regions from the cloaking algorithm as a semantic region tree and assign weight values for regions based on their popularity, further indicating the similarity between users based on their temporal and spatial relations. We evaluate our proposed approach using a real trajectory data set and show that our algorithm can identify social ties successfully with 20% higher accuracy than the existing approaches.
MIRROR, MIRROR ON THE WALL: PEER COMPETITION, TELEVISION INFLUENCES, AND BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION

The current paper reports on two studies of body dissatisfaction with Hispanic majority samples. Both studies seek to examine the relative importance of peer and media influences on body dissatisfaction. In the first experimental study, 150 young women were randomized to watch television shows with or without thin-ideal actresses, and to be exposed to peers who either were or were not dressed to advertise sexual competitiveness. Results indicated that body dissatisfaction increased in the presence of competitive females, particularly when a desirable male was present. Television exposure did not influence body dissatisfaction. In an accompanying correlational study of 383 teenage girls, body dissatisfaction was found to relate primarily to Body Mass Index, depression, and anxiety. Television exposure did not predict body dissatisfaction, nor did peer influences. However, both competition with unfriendly girls and television exposure predicted feelings of inferiority response to other girls, although the e.
Police officers: Perception of self, occupational role, and occupational events.

This study examined police officers' perceptions of self, occupational role and their relation to perceived stress and posttraumatic stress symptomology. Self-report measures for the study variables were completed by 101 police officers. Hypotheses predicted that perception of self and role would be associated with perception of stress and that perception of the stress would mediate PTSD symptomology. Neuroticism, job quality and general job satisfaction were the main predictors of stress. Stress levels mediated between 1) job quality and the symptoms of anxious arousal and impaired self-reference; 2) general job satisfaction and the symptoms of defensive avoidance and dissociation; and 3) neuroticism and the symptom of defensive avoidance. This implies that police officers' job quality, their feelings of general job satisfaction, and low levels of neuroticism are important in alleviating stress and subsequent psychological sequela.
Spreading the Virus

ABSTRACT Viral advertising has attracted advertisers in recent years, yet little is known about how exactly it works from an information processing perspective. This study extends knowledge by exploring how the emotional tone (pleasant, unpleasant, coactive) of viral video ads affects attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, and forwarding intentions. Results indicate that pleasant emotional tone elicits the strongest attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, and intention to forward. The effects were weaker for coactive tone and weakest for negative emotional tone. These results challenge the common approach of shocking or scaring online users to motivate them to forward a viral video.
phylodyn: an R package for phylodynamic simulation and inference

We introduce phylodyn, an r package for phylodynamic analysis based on gene genealogies. The package's main functionality is Bayesian nonparametric estimation of effective population size fluctuations over time. Our implementation includes several Markov chain Monte Carlo‐based methods and an integrated nested Laplace approximation‐based approach for phylodynamic inference that have been developed in recent years. Genealogical data describe the timed ancestral relationships of individuals sampled from a population of interest. Here, individuals are assumed to be sampled at the same point in time (isochronous sampling) or at different points in time (heterochronous sampling); in addition, sampling events can be modelled with preferential sampling, which means that the intensity of sampling events is allowed to depend on the effective population size trajectory. We assume the coalescent and the sequentially Markov coalescent processes as generative models of genealogies. We include several coalescent simulation functions that are useful for testing our phylodynamics methods via simulation studies. We compare the performance and outputs of various methods implemented in phylodyn and outline their strengths and weaknesses. r package phylodyn is available at https://github.com/mdkarcher/phylodyn.
Input and Output Quantized Feedback Linear Systems

Although there has been a lot of research on analysis and synthesis of quantized feedback control systems, most results are developed for the case of a single quantizer (either measurement quantization or control signal quantization). In this technical note, we investigate the case of feedback control systems subject to both input and output quantization. This is motivated by the fact that it is common in remotely controlled systems that measurement and control signals are shared over a single digital network. More specifically, we consider a single-input single-output linear system with memoryless logarithmic quantizers. We firstly show that the output feedback quadratic stabilization problem in this setting can be addressed with no conservatism by means of a sector bound approach. Secondly, we provide a sufficient condition for quadratic stabilization via the solution of a scaled H¿ control problem. Finally, we analyze a problem of bandwidth allocation in the communication channel for finite-level input and output quantizers.
Decentralized Consensus Algorithm with Delayed and Stochastic Gradients

We analyze the convergence of decentralized consensus algorithm with delayed gradient information across the network. The nodes in the network privately hold parts of the objective function and collaboratively solve for the consensus optimal solution of the total objective while they can only communicate with their immediate neighbors. In real-world networks, it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to synchronize the nodes, and therefore they have to use stale gradient information during computations. We show that, as long as the random delays are bounded in expectation and a proper diminishing step size policy is employed, the iterates generated by decentralized gradient descent method converge to a consensual optimal solution. Convergence rates of both objective and consensus are derived. Numerical results on a number of synthetic problems and real-world seismic tomography datasets in decentralized sensor networks are presented to show the performance of the method.
Use of Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Genetic Predisposition, and Bladder Cancer Risk in Spain

Background: We assessed use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen), phenacetin, and metamizol (dipyrone) and risk of bladder cancer and their interaction with polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing genes. Methods: We analyzed personal interview data from 958 incident bladder cancer cases and 1,029 hospital controls from a multicenter case-control study in Spain. A drug matrix was developed to estimate cumulative lifetime dose of active ingredients. Polymorphisms in GSTP1, SULT1A1, CYP2E1, CYP2C9, and NAT2 were examined. Results: A significant reduction in bladder cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.4; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.2-0.9] was observed for regular users of nonaspirin NSAIDs compared with never users. Regular users of aspirin experienced no reduction in risk (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.5). Regular users of paracetamol had no overall increased risk of bladder cancer (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.3), but our data suggested a qualitative interaction with the GSTP1 I105V genotype. Subjects with at least one copy of the 359L or 144C variant alleles in the NSAID-metabolizing gene CYP2C9 had a slightly decreased risk of bladder cancer (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-1.0; P = 0.037); however, having at least one copy of the 359L or 144C variant alleles did not significantly modify the protective effect of nonaspirin NSAID use. Conclusion: Regular use of nonaspirin NSAIDs was associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer, which was not modified by polymorphisms in the NSAID-metabolizing gene CYP2C9. We found no evidence of an overall effect for paracetamol or aspirin use. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1696–703)
Direct or indirect comparative ads: The moderating role of information processing modes

Comparative advertising is widely used as a persuasion tool. Contemporary advertisers employ both direct (e.g. “Total Corn Flakes have more nutritional ingredients than Kellogg Corn Flakes”) and indirect comparative advertisements (e.g. “Total Corn Flakes have more nutritional ingredients than other corn flakes”) in their campaigns. Consumers process ads predominantly either through analytical (using reason and semantics) or imagery (using nonverbal, sensory representation of perceptual information) modes of processing. Drawing on extant research in advertising and information processing, we posit that direct comparisons are better suited for analytical processing while indirect ones are more amenable for imagery processing. Using a 2*2 factorial design (comparison format—direct/indirect; mode of information processing—analytical/imagery), we show that direct (indirect) comparative advertisements are more effective in reducing perceived manipulative intent, enhancing attitude toward the advertisement, and increasing the perceived differences between the brands for consumers using analytical (imagery) information processing modes. We add to the comparative advertising literature by identifying a moderator (mode of information processing) that influences the effectiveness of direct and indirect comparisons. Further, we study indirect comparisons when most extant research considers direct comparisons. Managerially, our work suggests that advertisers using comparative advertising should use direct comparisons under analytical processing conditions and use indirect comparisons under imagery processing conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficients: physiological relevance in older never‐ and ex‐smokers

Noble gas pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is transitioning away from 3He to 129Xe gas, but the physiological/clinical relevance of 129Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parenchyma measurements is not well understood. Therefore, our objective was to generate 129Xe MRI ADC for comparison with 3He ADC and with well‐established measurements of alveolar structure and function in older never‐smokers and ex‐smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In four never‐smokers and 10 COPD ex‐smokers, 3He (b = 1.6 sec/cm2) and 129Xe (b = 12, 20, and 30 sec/cm2) ADC, computed tomography (CT) density‐threshold measurements, and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were measured. To understand regional differences, the anterior–posterior (APG) and superior–inferior (∆SI) ADC differences were evaluated. Compared to never‐smokers, COPD ex‐smokers showed greater 3He ADC (P = 0.006), 129Xe ADCb12 (P = 0.006), and ADCb20 (P = 0.006), but not for ADCb30 (P > 0.05). Never‐smokers and COPD ex‐smokers had significantly different APG for 3He ADC (P = 0.02), 129Xe ADCb12 (P = 0.006), and ADCb20 (P = 0.01), but not for ADCb30 (P > 0.05). ∆SI for never‐ and ex‐smokers was significantly different for 3He ADC (P = 0.046), but not for 129Xe ADC (P > 0.05). There were strong correlations for DLCO with 3He ADC and 129Xe ADCb12 (both r = −0.95, P < 0.05); in a multivariate model 129Xe ADCb12 was the only significant predictor of DLCO (P = 0.049). For COPD ex‐smokers, CT relative area <−950 HU (RA950) correlated with 3He ADC (r = 0.90, P = 0.008) and 129Xe ADCb12 (r = 0.85, P = 0.03). In conclusion, while 129Xe ADCb30 may be appropriate for evaluating subclinical or mild emphysema, in this small group of never‐smokers and ex‐smokers with moderate‐to‐severe emphysema, 129Xe ADCb12 provided a physiologically appropriate estimate of gas exchange abnormalities and alveolar microstructure.
Mining Duplicate Questions of Stack Overflow

Stack Overflow is a popular question answering site that is focused on programming problems. Despite efforts to prevent asking questions that have already been answered, the site contains duplicate questions. This may cause developers to unnecessarily wait for a question to be answered when it has already been asked and answered. The site currently depends on its moderators and users with high reputation to manually mark those questions as duplicates, which not only results in delayed responses but also requires additional efforts. In this paper, we first perform a manual investigation to understand why users submit duplicate questions in Stack Overflow. Based on our manual investigation we propose a classification technique that uses a number of carefully chosen features to identify duplicate questions. Evaluation using a large number of questions shows that our technique can detect duplicate questions with reasonable accuracy. We also compare our technique with DupPredictor, a state-of-the-art technique for detecting duplicate questions, and we found that our proposed technique has a better recall rate than that technique.
Levator Trauma After Vaginal Delivery

OBJECTIVE: To date, the evidence on pelvic floor injury in labor remains sketchy due to a lack of prospective studies comparing pelvic floor imaging before and after childbirth. We intended to define the incidence of major trauma to the pubovisceral muscle. METHODS: A total of 61 nulliparous women were seen at 36–40 weeks of gestation in a prospective observational study. The assessment included an interview and 3-dimensional translabial ultrasound and was repeated 2–6 months postpartum. RESULTS: Fifty women (82%) were seen postpartum. Of the 39 women delivered vaginally, levator avulsion was diagnosed in 14 (36%, 95% confidence interval 21–51%). Among those delivered vaginally, there were associations with higher maternal age (P = .10), vaginal operative delivery (P = .07), and worsened stress incontinence postpartum (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Avulsion of the inferomedial aspects of the levator ani from the pelvic sidewall occurred in approximately one third of all women delivered vaginally and was associated with stress incontinence 3 months after childbirth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3
Introduction: India and South Africa – Comparisons, Confluences, Contrasts

The articles in this Special Issue come out of papers delivered at a conference called ‘India and South Africa: comparisons, confluences, contrasts’, organised by Javed Majeed and held at King’s College London in October 2012. The aim of the conference was to deepen the interdisciplinary nature of literary studies (especially in its comparative literary dimensions) and Indian Ocean studies by building links between these two areas. From its inception in the 19th century up to the present day the practices and theories of Comparative Literature have, of course, been critical of nationally defined literary canons, and one of its defining aims continues to be transnational readings of literature and literary history. Scholars in Indian Ocean studies have also stressed how their work on transnationalism challenges nationally-based historiographies. In addition, academics in both fields have re-thought the category of ‘Area Studies’, either by moving away from what they see as its constraining legacies, or by appropriating its linguistic and textual expertise in new configurations within a more thoroughly globalised Comparative Literature (Hofmeyr & Williams 2011; Bose 2006:chapter 1; Spivak 2004; Saussy 2006). The conference therefore aimed to create a space for further transnational revisions of ‘Area Studies’ and nationalism in both fields by bringing together their different methodologies. Comparative and connective work on India and South Africa has generated a long historiographical tradition. Its earlier instantiations focused on indentured labour and ‘passenger’ Indians, largely merchants following in the wake of indentured workers. Mohandas Gandhi and his political mobilisations constituted another important focus. In keeping with earlier historiographies of diasporic communities, this body of work was often narrowly ethnicised (focusing only on ‘Indians’ and excluding other groups from the frame) and tended to have a ‘one-way’ orientation, namely it only tracked movement in one direction from South Asia to Africa without looking at reverse movement or asking what the implications of this migration were back home (Dhupelia-Mesthrie 2007). The transnational turn and the move beyond nation and area as units of analysis have opened up this field considerably. Studies of ‘Indian’ communities have been de-ethnicised with other communities being brought into the picture.
Perceptions of Mothers, Youth, and Educators: A Path toward Detente Regarding Sexuality Education.

This article reports findings of a needs assessment used with youth mothers and family life educators regarding issues of sexuality AIDS and sexuality education. Although parents and family life educators are often viewed as adversaries regarding sexuality education the results of this study reveal that mothers and educators share many similar ideas about the timing and content of sexuality education. Recommendations for strengthening collaborative efforts between parents and family life educators are offered. (authors)
From the Closed Universe to an Open World

There are different aspects and spheres of unconventional computations. In this paper, we analyze philosophical and methodological implications of algorithmic issues of unconventional computations. At first, we describe how the algorithmic universe was developed and analyze why it became closed in the conventional approach to computation. Then we explain how the new models of algorithms changed the algorithmic universe, making it open and allowing higher flexibility and superior creativity. As Godel undecidability theorems imply, the closed algorithmic universe restricts essential forms of human cognition, while the open algorithmic universe eliminates such restrictions.
Identification of CBX3 and ABCA5 as Putative Biomarkers for Tumor Stem Cells in Osteosarcoma

Recently, there has been renewed interest in the role of tumor stem cells (TSCs) in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and relapse of malignant tumors including osteosarcoma. The potential exists to improve osteosarcoma treatment through characterization of TSCs and identification of therapeutic targets. Using transcriptome, proteome, immunophenotyping for cell-surface markers, and bioinformatic analyses, heterogeneous expression of previously reported TSC or osteosarcoma markers, such as CD133, nestin, POU5F1 (OCT3/4), NANOG, SOX2, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, among others, was observed in vitro. However, consistently significantly lower CD326, CD24, CD44, and higher ABCG2 expression in TSC-enriched as compared with un-enriched osteosarcoma cultures was observed. In addition, consistently higher CBX3 expression in TSC-enriched osteosarcoma cultures was identified. ABCA5 was identified as a putative biomarker of TSCs and/or osteosarcoma. Lastly, in a high-throughput screen we identified epigenetic (5-azacytidine), anti-microtubule (vincristine), and anti-telomerase (3,11-difluoro-6,8,13-trimethyl- 8H-quino [4,3,2-kl] acridinium methosulfate; RHPS4)-targeted therapeutic agents as candidates for TSC ablation in osteosarcoma.