Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Discursive Struggle—The Swedish National Federation of Social Democratic Women and Gender Quotas

In 1993, the Social Democratic Party in Sweden adopted the zipper system, a gender quota system whereby women and men are placed alternately on all party lists. The National Federation of Social Democratic Women had, however, as early as in 1928 proposed that the Social Democratic Party introduce gender quotas so that women would be placed in safe positions on the party lists. In this article, the struggle of The National Federation of Social Democratic Women for an increased parliamentary representation of women and its demand for gender quotas during the period 1970–1993 is analysed. Its strategies to put the issue of women's under‐representation on the political agenda are outlined as well as the major discursive frames that the debate was embedded within. The article suggests that the discursive controversies over gender quotas can best be understood in the context of competing conceptions regarding historical development, equal opportunity, local autonomy and cooperation between women and men. One main point is that the zipper system, despite its radical institutional effect, can be seen as a discursive solution to the norm of cooperation.
Ordenação e resolução temporal em cantores profissionais e amadores afinados e desafinados

BACKGROUND: temporal ordering and temporal resolution. AIM: to compare the performance of professional singers with that of well tuned and out of tune amateur singers in the pitch pattern test (PPT) and in the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). METHOD: participants were 78 individuals, male and female, with ages ranging from 18 to 55 years. All of the participants were singers with normal hearing - previously assessed using pure tone and speech audiometry - and had no language, speech, voice or hearing complaints. Each individual answered a questionnaire concerning, among other subjects, perception about own voice when singing, number of years of professional singing, difficulties when singing new songs and number of years of music study. For the objective assessment the PPT and the RGDT were used in order to investigate temporal ordering and temporal resolution respectively. RESULTS: regarding the RGDT, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups and variables. As for the PPT, it was observed that professional singers presented a better performance, with statistic significance, when compared to well tuned amateur singers and these a better performance when compared to out of tune amateur singers. The performance in the PPT was related to specialized training and study of music theory. CONCLUSION: the RGDT did not prove to be a sensitive test to distinguish professional and amateur singers. On the other hand, the PPT did. The performance in the PPT reflects the number of years of specialized auditory training and music theory study.
Altered immune responsiveness associated with Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits

The variation in immune response of two unrelated colonies of laboratory rabbits to high doses of heat-killed Brucella abortus strain 19 was investigated. One was a mixed-breed, multicolored colony in which a high prevalence of encephalitozoonosis had been recorded, whereas the other rabbits were derived from a colony of Dutch-marked specific-pathogen-free rabits. Although considerable variation in the immune response between individual rabbits was noticed at all bleeds, rabbits infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi showed, on comparison with uninfected rabbits from either colony, a depressed immunoglobulin G response from week 5 of the antigen injection schedule and, from week 8, an elevated immunoglobulin M response.
THE EFFECTS OF REPEATED PROLONGED EXERCISE ON PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE, INSULIN, GLUCOSE, FREE FATTY ACIDS, GLYCEROL, LACTATE AND β‐HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID IN 13‐YEAR OLD BOYS AND IN ADULTS

Growth hormone (GH) has been claimed to play a central role in the regulation of the utilization and storage of body energy sources. However, many of the specific effects of G H have not yet been clarified, and it has been shown that a variety of factors can trigger an increase in the release of GH. Examples of specific factors are hypoglycemia (4, 25, 31) and hyperaminoacidemia (2 , 21), stress (7) and muscular work (10, 13, 14, 17, 22, 28) are nonspecific factors. A series of experiments were made to study the interrelationship of G H in the metabolic adjustment to hard, muscular work. The first experiment is reported on here. It deals primarily with workinduced release of G H in relation to “spontaneous” diurnal changes in plasma G H (15). Because of differences in the effects of G H on growth at different ages, both rapidly growing children and adults were included in the series.
Sodium-alanine cotransport in renal proximal tubule cells investigated by whole-cell current recording

Sodium-alanine cotransport was investigated in single isolated proximal tubule cells from rabbit kidney with the whole-cell current recording technique. Addition of L-alanine at the extracellular side induced an inward-directed sodium current and a cell depolarization. The sodium- alanine cotransport current was stereospecific and sodium dependent. Competition experiments suggested a common cotransport system for L- alanine and L-phenylalanine. Sodium-alanine cotransport current followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with an apparent Km of 6.6 mM alanine and 11.6 mM sodium and a maximal cotransport current of 0.98 pA/pF at -60 mV clamp potential. Hill plots of cotransport current suggested a potential-independent coupling ratio of one sodium and one alanine. The apparent Km for sodium and the maximal cotransport current were potential dependent, whereas the apparent Km for L-alanine was not affected by transmembrane potential. The increase in Km for alanine with decreasing inward-directed sodium gradients suggested a simultaneous transport mechanism. These results are consistent with a cotransport model with potential-dependent binding or unbinding of sodium (high-field access channel) and a potential-dependent translocation step.
Associating Groups of People

In a crowded public space, people often walk in groups, either with people they know or strangers. Associating a group of people over space and time can assist understanding individual’s behaviours as it provides vital visual context for matching individuals within the group. Seemingly an ‘easier’ task compared with person matching given more and richer visual content, this problem is in fact very challenging because a group of people can be highly non-rigid with changing relative position of people within the group and severe self-occlusions. In this paper, for the first time, the problem of matching/associating groups of people over large space and time captured in multiple non-overlapping camera views is addressed. Specifically, a novel people group representation and a group matching algorithm are proposed. The former addresses changes in the relative positions of people in a group and the latter deals with variations in illumination and viewpoint across camera views. In addition, we demonstrate a notable enhancement on individual person matching by utilising the group description as visual context. Our methods are validated using the 2008 i-LIDS Multiple-Camera Tracking Scenario (MCTS) dataset on multiple camera views from a busy airport arrival hall.
The Dark Figure of Online Property Crime: Is Cyberspace Hiding a Crime Wave?

A pronounced drop in crime, since the early 1990s, has encompassed every crime category tracked by the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, including property crime. However, over the same period, the rates of online property crime (OPC) have been on the rise according to available evidence. We delineate the extent of our knowledge and data concerning cybercrime and identity theft and, using data from several nationally representative victimization surveys, offer an alternative view of property crime trends while pointing out the glaring gap in crime reporting and accounting in relation to the growing category of property crimes perpetrated online. In addition, we compare estimated costs of traditional property crime vs. OPC. Finally, we identify the main challenges for obtaining reliable data on OPC and discuss their implications, especially when applying the traditional methods of compiling crime statistics.
Significance of skp2 expression in primary breast cancer.

PURPOSE: We previously reported the p27 expression level to be an independent prognostic factor, and a high S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) expression level was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. We herein examined the Skp2 expression in breast cancer and attempted to identify any associations between the Skp2 expression status and either the clinicopathologic variables or the patient's prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We established four Skp2-transfected breast cancer cell lines and assessed the correlations between the Skp2 and p27 expressions using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and a Western blot analysis. We then analyzed the clinicopathologic significance of Skp2 mRNA expression in 169 Japanese patients with breast cancer. An immunohistochemical analysis was also done. RESULTS: The p27 protein expression markedly decreased after Skp2 transfection, whereas no alteration in the p27 mRNA expression was observed. The Skp2 protein expression level as determined by immunohistochemical staining thus showed a significant correlation with the Skp2 mRNA expression (P = 0.001) and a significant inverse correlation with the p27 protein expression (P = 0.042). The patients with a high Skp2 gene expression were significantly younger than those with a low expression (P = 0.002). The prognosis of patients with a high Skp2 expression was significantly (P = 0.022) poorer than for those with a low expression. Moreover, a high expression of Skp2 was an independent variable that correlated with a shorter disease-free survival (relative risk, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.296-8.578; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that Skp2 may play an important role particularly in young breast cancer, and it is also considered to have strong independent prognostic potential and thus may prove to be a useful target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Priming of CD8+ T cell responses by pathogens typically depends on CD70‐mediated interactions with dendritic cells

The CD27/CD70‐interaction has been shown to provide a costimulatory and survival signal for T cells in vitro and in vivo. Recently, CD70 expression by DC was found to be important for the priming of CD8+ T cells. We show here that blocking CD70 interactions has a significant impact on priming of CD8+ T cell responses by vaccinia virus (VV), Listeria monocytogenes and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in mice. However, the priming of specific CD8+ T cells upon infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was only marginally reduced by CD70‐blockade. Blocking of CD70 prevented CD8+ T cell priming in DIETER mice, a model in which presentation of LCMV‐derived epitopes can be induced selectively in dendritic cells (DC). In contrast, CD70‐CD27 interactions were not important for the priming of VSV‐specific CD4+ T cells or class switch of neutralizing antibodies. As we show that priming of CD8+ T cells by the pathogens used here is dependent on antigen presentation by DC and that infection results in up‐regulation of CD70 on DC, we conclude that CD70 expression on DC plays an important role in the priming of CD8+ T cells by pathogens. Moreover, the lack of CD70 cannot be completely compensated for by other costimulatory molecules.
Ex ovo electroporation for gene transfer into older chicken embryos

In ovo electroporation is an excellent method to ectopically induce or inhibit gene expression in chicken embryos and to study the in vivo function of genes during embryonic development. However, the application of electroporation in ovo to date is limited to an early stage of incubation (< stage 20). In older embryos (> stage 22), the vitelline and allantoic vessels have developed extensively and the in ovo manipulation of the embryo becomes exceedingly difficult. Therefore, in this study, we validate an ex ovo electroporation system, by which the time for performing electroporation can be extended up to at least day 7 of incubation. The application of this method will help to study gene function and regulation at later stages of development in the living chicken embryo. Developmental Dynamics 233:1470–1477, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD 23 Is Expressed in Parkinson ’ s Disease and Induces , In Vitro , Production of Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a in Glial Cells

1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 289, Mécanismes et Conséquences de la Mort Neuronale, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France, 2Laboratoire “Virus, Neurone et Immunité,” Unité de Formation et de Recherche Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France, 3Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 625, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France, and 4Oxykine Therapeutics, F-75116 Paris, France
Involvement of Rac in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements induced by MIM-B

Numerous scaffold proteins coordinate signals from the environment with actin-based protrusions during shape change and migration. Many scaffolds integrate signals from Rho-family GTPases to effect the assembly of specific actin structures. Here we investigate the mechanism of action MIM-B (missing in metastasis-B) on the actin cytoskeleton. MIM-B binds actin monomer through a WASP homology 2 motif, bundles actin filaments via an IRSp53/MIM domain, and is a long isoform of MIM, a proposed metastasis suppressor. We analysed the activity of MIM-B toward the actin cytoskeleton as well as its potential link to cancer metastasis. Endogenous MIM-B protein is widely expressed and its expression is maintained in various metastatic cell lines. MIM-B induces lamellipodia-like actin-rich protrusions. The IRSp53/MIM domain of MIM-B, as well as Rac activity are required to induce protrusions, but not the WASP homology 2 motif. MIM-B binds and activates Rac via its IRSp53/MIM domain, but this is not sufficient to induce lamellipodia. Finally, our data revealed that actin bundling and Rac-binding properties of MIM-B are not separable. Thus, MIM-B is unlikely to be a metastasis suppressor but acts as a scaffold protein that interacts with Rac, actin and actin-associated proteins to modulate lamellipodia formation.
Intrusion Detection using Continuous Time Bayesian Networks

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) fall into two high-level categories: network-based systems (NIDS) that monitor network behaviors, and host-based systems (HIDS) that monitor system calls. In this work, we present a general technique for both systems. We use anomaly detection, which identifies patterns not conforming to a historic norm. In both types of systems, the rates of change vary dramatically over time (due to burstiness) and over components (due to service difference). To efficiently model such systems, we use continuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) and avoid specifying a fixed update interval common to discrete-time models. We build generative models from the normal training data, and abnormal behaviors are flagged based on their likelihood under this norm. For NIDS, we construct a hierarchical CTBN model for the network packet traces and use Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering to learn the parameters. We illustrate the power of our method through experiments on detecting real worms and identifying hosts on two publicly available network traces, the MAWI dataset and the LBNL dataset. For HIDS, we develop a novel learning method to deal with the finite resolution of system log file time stamps, without losing the benefits of our continuous time model. We demonstrate the method by detecting intrusions in the DARPA 1998 BSM dataset.
Impact of organizational culture and computer self-efficacy on knowledge sharing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact mechanism of organizational culture (OC) on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) user’s explicit and tacit knowledge-sharing behavior in the context of enterprise systems usage. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from social cognitive theory, the authors developed a comprehensive model that integrates OC, computer self-efficacy and employees’ knowledge-sharing behaviors. In total, 343 valid questionnaires were collected from ERP users of 115 firms and structural equation modeling technique was used to test the model. Findings – Empirical results suggest that hierarchical culture that focusses on efficacy and uniformity is positively related with employees’ explicit knowledge sharing; group culture that focusses on trust and belonging is positively related with employees’ tacit knowledge sharing, and their relationship is fully mediated by employees’ computer self-efficacy. In addition, computer self-efficacy also partially mediates the relation.
Are we ready for them? Overseas-qualified social workers' professional cultural transition

Developing sociocultural competence in a new country is essential for migrants practising social work within new and distinct cultures. An argument for interventions needed to support the cultural transitioning of a migrant social work workforce is made, informed by findings from a mixed methods study of the experiences of overseas-qualified social workers in New Zealand. One of the main findings relates to migrant social workers' professional adaptation to the new environment. We focus the discussion here on how the perceptions and practices regarding the cultural dimensions of the transition informed their adaptation. Although this is a highly contextual example of social work practice in a foreign setting, the dynamics have equivalents in many international contexts as migration of labour is common globally. We argue that a greater focus on the migrant workforce is required in debates on globalisation. The discussion of the findings will highlight the need for culturally informed interventions to enable an increasingly global workforce to successfully make a professional cultural transition.
Semi-supervised gas detection in hyperspectral imaging

Environmental pollution has recently aroused considerable public attention around the world. Air pollution is one form of pollution that is caused by the release of the chemical gases and particulates to the atmosphere. Remote monitoring of the chemical gas releasing facilities is urgently needed to regulate the amount of gas release levels. Hyperspectral imaging in long wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum is a popular way to monitor gas release in chemical facilities. In this study, we propose a novel approach towards semi-supervised detection/classification of gases in hyperspectral images. In our experiments, proposed approach is tested on 6 hyperspectral images and it achieves an average accuracy of 0.967.
Tensions in the research council-research community relationship

Research councils have often met difficult balancing acts, for instance between basic and applied research, disciplinary and cross-disciplinary work, and trade-off decisions about review and monitoring systems. Contemporary councils such as the Research Council of Norway (RCN) often have multiple missions that introduce new tensions when innovation goals, new forms of monitoring and user control enter the scene. This article views tensions in the research council-research community relationship from a principal-agent perspective using data from an empirical investigation of RCN. The principal-agent dilemmas ‘adverse selection’ and ‘moral hazard’ are tied to the discussion of tensions, including an exploration of how these dilemmas can be ‘balanced’ or ‘stabilised’. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Psychological Processes Involved in the Temporal Organization of Complex Auditory Sequences: Universal and Acquired Processes

Previous psychological research investigating the perceptual and cognitive processes involved when listening to complex sound sequences is reorganized into a framework composed of four types of processes: two basic processes (segmentation into groups and regularity extraction) and two hierarchical organizations (hierarchical segmentation organization and hierarchical metrical organization). This framework allows us to propose hypotheses about the way these processes are acquired: the basic processes may be universal (functional from an early age and common to everyone), whereas the integration of these building blocks into hierarchical organizations may be acquired (through acculturation and specific training). We present illustrations from our recent work in support of these hypotheses.
Restructuring a parallel simulation to improve cache behavior in a shared-memory multiprocessor: the value of distributed synchronization

Synchronization is a significant cost in many parallel programs, and can be a major bottleneck if it is handled in a centralized fashion using traditional shared-memory constructs such as barriers. In a parallel time-stepped simulation, the use of global synchronization primitives limits scalability, increases the sensitivity to load imbalance, and reduces the potential for exploiting locality to improve cache behavior. This paper presents the results of an initial one-application study quantifying the costs and performance benefits of distributed, nearest neighbors synchronization. The application studied, MP3D, is a particle-based wind tunnel simulation. Our results for this one application on current shared-memory multiprocessors show a significant decrease in synchronization time using these techniques. We prototyped an application-independent library that implements distributed synchronization. The library allows a variety of parallel simulations to exploit these techniques without increasing the application programming beyond that of conventional approaches.
Dyadic Adult Attachment Style and Aggression Within Romantic Relationships

The current study examined the relationship between dyadic adult attachment and aggressive behaviors within romantic relationships using a sample of 696 couples. Individual attachment styles were paired to form dyadic attachment categorization. Differential inferential statistics were used to determine differences between attachment dyads regarding aggressive behaviors. Relationships consisting of one insecurely attached partner had higher levels of aggression than secure/secure dyads, while insecure/insecure dyads had the highest levels of aggressive behaviors among all groups. These findings provide insight into the dynamics of partner violence and emphasize the need for therapists to attend to attachment styles in relationship aggression risk assessment.
A TEST OF THE GENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT: CYTOCHROME-b SEQUENCES AND MAMMALS

Abstract Levels of sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were examined to ascertain if this molecule can provide a reference point in making decisions concerning species-level distinctions. DNA-sequence data from 4 genera of rodents (Neotoma, Reithrodontomys, Peromyscus, and Sigmodon) and 7 genera of bats (Artibeus, Carollia, Chiroderma, Dermanura, Glossophaga, Rhinophylla, and Uroderma), including recognized sister species, were examined to develop hypotheses for evaluating levels of sequence variation. Several patterns associated with DNA-sequence variation emerged from this study. Specifically, genetic distance values <2% were indicative of intraspecific variation; values between 2 and 11% had a high probability of being indicative of conspecific populations or valid species and merit additional study concerning specific status; and values >11% were indicative of specific recognition. It appears that genetic distance values may be useful for determination of species boundaries under the framework of the Genetic Species Concept.