Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and binding profiles of activated Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab to three insect cell lines

While Cry1Ac has been known to bind with larval midgut proteins cadherin, APN (amino peptidase N), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and ABCC2 (adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter subfamily C2), little is known about the receptors of Cry2Ab. To provide a clue to the receptors of Cry2Ab, we tested the baseline cytotoxicity of activated Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab against the midgut and fat body cell lines of Helicoverpa zea and the ovary cell line of Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9). As expected, the descending order of cytotoxicity of Cry1Ac against the three cell lines in terms of 50% lethal concetration (LC50) was midgut (31.0 μg/mL) > fat body (59.0 μg/mL) and SF9 cell (99.6 μg/mL). By contrast, the fat body cell line (LC50 = 7.55 μg/mL) was about twice more susceptible to Cry2Ab than the midgut cell line (16.0 μg/mL), the susceptibility of which was not significantly greater than that of SF9 cells (27.0 μg/mL). Further, ligand blot showed the binding differences between Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in the three cell lines. These results indicated that the receptors of Cry2Ab were enriched in fat body cells and thus largely different from the receptors of Cry1Ac, which were enriched in midgut cells.
Evolution of brain lesions in a patient with TREX1 cerebroretinal vasculopathy

A 44-year-old woman with a history of retinal vasculopathy presented with headaches and hemiparesis. MRI brain showed a right frontal peripherally enhancing mass with surrounding edema (figure 1) thought to represent a malignant glioma; however, pathology showed necrosis with reactive gliosis but no evidence of neoplasm (figure 2). Family history was significant for multiple relatives with similar lesions on head MRIs suspicious for neoplasm but excluded by biopsy. An underlying familial leukoencephalopathy was suspected, and a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation c.1359G>T; p.Glu285* was identified in TREX1, in which C-terminal frameshift mutations cause autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy.1
A Comparative Study of Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy with Abdominal Hysterectomy in relation with Morbidity and Outcome in Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding Patients

Hysterectomy is the most common operation performed by the Gynaecologists, next only to caesarean section. The past few years have seen growing indications for vaginal hysterectomy which is now preferred over abdominal hysterectomy. A prospective observational s tudy was conducted over a sample size of 100 patients who underwent hysterectomy with the following aims and objectives: (1) To assess morbidity, management & technical problems encountered in Non descent vaginal hysterectomy. (2) To compare the above variables in abdominal hysterectomy group. (3) To assess the factors modifying outcome of the surgery. For the statistical analysis of the study Chi-square test and t test were applied. There were no significant differences in the duration of surgery, intra operative injuries and postoperative bleeding needing laparotomy between the two groups. Statistically significant decrease in blood loss during surgery, postoperative pain, wound infection, febrile morbidity, and length of hospital stay, post operative blood transfusion and post-operative recovery occurred in the NDVH group when compared with the TAH group. NDVH is associated with less blood loss during surgery & decreased postoperative morbidity when compared to TAH; length of hospital stay is significantly less for NDVH when compared to TAH. No significant difference in the duration of surgery and other intraoperative complications between the two groups. Thus it can be concluded that NDVH is feasible, safe and provide more patient comfort without increasing the duration of surgery, blood loss and other intraoperative complications. K e y w o r d s Non descent vaginal hysterectomy (NDVS), Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 327-333
High-growth firms and family ownership

Empirical studies demonstrate that most net job-growth originates from a small number of high-growth firms (HGFs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether family ownership matters for being an HGF, using data on all private firms in Sweden during 1993–2006. Our study is possible due to a tax reform that required tax authorities to identify family relations among ultimate owners of every Swedish firm. We find that family ownership at first sight decreases the probability of exhibiting high growth, but further analysis indicates a more complex relationship. The negative effect of family ownership seems to be driven primarily by small firms, and sometimes even becomes positive when firm growth is analyzed over longer time periods. In addition, the negative effect of family ownership is no longer present when we analyze firms that transferred ownership and control for unobserved time-invariant firm-specific heterogeneity.
Eating Frequency in the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (U.S.A.), 1987–1988

This study was done to provide basic descriptive data on the variation in meal frequency in the U.S. The data analysed were from the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS), a stratified random sample of American households. Participants were asked to provide one 24-h diet recall and two 1-day diet records. Individuals who were pregnant, lactating, or younger than 19 years old were excluded. If more than one eligible subject per household participated, one subject was selected at random. Of the 4,078 eligible participants, data for 3,182 were complete for all three days and were included in the analyses. On average participants ate 3.47 times daily (SD 0.90). When eating occasions during which 70 or fewer kcal were excluded (tea, coffee, or diet beverages, primarily), the mean was 3.12 (SD 0.74), and over 90% of subjects ate between 1. 50 and 4.49 times daily. The ratio of within- to between-person variance in number of eating times daily was 1.17 (</=70 kcal excluded). The day-to-day variation in an individual's eating frequency was relatively large compared with the between-subject variation, suggesting that data for multiple days are needed to measure an individual's eating frequency with precision.
Effect of Homocysteine-Lowering Nutrients on Blood Lipids: Results from Four Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Studies in Healthy Humans

Background Betaine (trimethylglycine) lowers plasma homocysteine, a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, studies in renal patients and in obese individuals who are on a weight-loss diet suggest that betaine supplementation raises blood cholesterol; data in healthy individuals are lacking. Such an effect on cholesterol would counteract any favourable effect on homocysteine. We therefore investigated the effect of betaine, of its precursor choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine, and of the classical homocysteine-lowering vitamin folic acid on blood lipid concentrations in healthy humans. Methods and Findings We measured blood lipids in four placebo-controlled, randomised intervention studies that examined the effect of betaine (three studies, n = 151), folic acid (two studies, n = 75), and phosphatidylcholine (one study, n = 26) on plasma homocysteine concentrations. We combined blood lipid data from the individual studies and calculated a weighted mean change in blood lipid concentrations relative to placebo. Betaine supplementation (6 g/d) for 6 wk increased blood LDL cholesterol concentrations by 0.36 mmol/l (95% confidence interval: 0.25–0.46), and triacylglycerol concentrations by 0.14 mmol/l (0.04–0.23) relative to placebo. The ratio of total to HDL cholesterol increased by 0.23 (0.14–0.32). Concentrations of HDL cholesterol were not affected. Doses of betaine lower than 6 g/d also raised LDL cholesterol, but these changes were not statistically significant. Further, the effect of betaine on LDL cholesterol was already evident after 2 wk of intervention. Phosphatidylcholine supplementation (providing approximately 2.6 g/d of choline) for 2 wk increased triacylglycerol concentrations by 0.14 mmol/l (0.06–0.21), but did not affect cholesterol concentrations. Folic acid supplementation (0.8 mg/d) had no effect on lipid concentrations. Conclusions Betaine supplementation increased blood LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy humans, which agrees with the limited previous data. The adverse effects on blood lipids may undo the potential benefits for cardiovascular health of betaine supplementation through homocysteine lowering. In our study phosphatidylcholine supplementation slightly increased triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy humans. Previous studies of phosphatidylcholine and blood lipids showed no clear effect. Thus the effect of phosphatidylcholine supplementation on blood lipids remains inconclusive, but is probably not large. Folic acid supplementation does not seem to affect blood lipids and therefore remains the preferred treatment for lowering of blood homocysteine concentrations.
Business negotiations in canada, mexico, and the united states

Abstract The determinants of business negotiations in three countries are investigated in a laboratory simulation. One hundred thirty-eight businesspeople from the United States, 68 from Mexico, and 148 from Canada (74 Anglophones and 74 Francophones) participated in a two-person, buyer-seller negotiation simulation. The negotiation styles of the Francophone Canadian and the Mexican businesspeople were found to be significantly different from both the American and Anglophone Canadian styles.
Effects of chronic alcohol abuse on alveolar epithelial barrier function and glutathione homeostasis.

BACKGROUND An association between the development and severity of the acute respiratory distress syndrome has been described in individuals who abuse alcohol chronically, possibly through a mechanism involving the deficiency of pulmonary glutathione. In a rodent model of chronic alcohol abuse, this antioxidant contributes to the maintenance of alveolar-capillary membrane integrity. We postulated that humans who chronically abuse alcohol will have similar alterations in alveolar-capillary barrier function. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 18 healthy chronic alcoholics and 18 control subjects; total protein and glutathione concentrations were measured within the epithelial lining fluid. To examine possible protracted effects of alcohol abuse, a subset of 11 chronic alcoholic subjects underwent a second bronchoalveolar lavage after a week of abstinence. RESULTS Chronic alcoholic subjects had significantly elevated protein concentrations compared with controls (8.64 microg protein/ng immunoglobulin A vs. 5.91 microg protein/ng immunoglobulin A, p = 0.01). After a week of abstinence, no significant increase in either the glutathione levels or normalization of the protein concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid was demonstrable. CONCLUSIONS Increased protein levels in the epithelial lining fluid of individuals who abuse alcohol chronically may signify abnormal alveolar epithelial barrier function that does not appear to readily reverse after a period of abstinence.
Why do transaction costs of agricultural policies vary

Policy related transaction costs (TCs) is an important issue when evaluating different policy options. However, TCs are often not taken into account in policy evaluations, but may be as important for efficiency as the direct production costs. Different policies may result in different TCs, and the main aim of this article is to explore possible reasons for these differences. We compare the level of TCs for 12 different agricultural policy measures in Norway, and we analyze the causes of the differences along three different dimensions: asset specificity, frequency, and point of policy application. At the national level we find that all three dimensions are of importance when explaining the differences, while variation in TCs incurred by farmers are mainly due to differences in point of policy application and asset specificity. Data show that direct price support has the lowest TCs, while more direct payments for environmental amenities has the highest. Copyright 2007 International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Silicon Valley’s New Immigrant High-Growth Entrepreneurs

This article examines the economic contributions of skilled Asian immigrants in Silicon Valley—both directly, as entrepreneurs, and indirectly, as facilitators of trade with and investment in their countries of origin. Skilled immigrants account for one third of the region’s engineering workforce and are increasingly visible as entrepreneurs and investors. Two thirds of the region’s foreign-born engineers were from Asia. Chinese and Indian immigrants in turn accounted for 74% of the total Asian-born engineering workforce. In 1998, Chinese and Indian engineers were senior executives at one quarter of Silicon Valley’s technology businesses. These immigrant-run companies collectively accounted for more than $26.8 billion in sales and 58,282 jobs. The region’s most successful immigrant entrepreneurs rely heavily on ethnic resources while integrating into the mainstream technology economy. The challenge for policy makers will be to recognize these mutually beneficial connections between immigration, investment, trade, and economic development.
Herr Schumpeter and the Classics

This paper is an exploration of the interface between two quite different strands of economic thought, the Schumpeterian, evolutionary theory of innovation and competition, and the classical, Sraffian theory of prices and distribution. Can the two methods usefully speak to each another? If they can, we would have in prospect a more general evolutionary economics (GEE) in which the classical emphasis on production of commodities by means of commodities would allow a far more sophisticated analysis of the place of technical change in economic development. To explore this question is decidedly not to propose a synthesis between classical and Schumpeterian economics; it is simply to enquire whether there are mutual lessons to be learned to enrich these very different approaches to the long period evolution of capitalist economies. Schumpeter's system is a system that is always out of equilibrium but it is not chaotic, rather it is a system strongly ordered by market forces and the ensuing relations between prices and profitability. Moreover, it is concerned with long-period market forces, that is to say the development of an economy in which innovation and investment to capitalise on innovation are dominant aspects of its working. The classical system is a long-period system of analysis too, and it has the great merit of working in terms of prices of production, those prices that enable the replication of the production process over time. Since much real world innovation is innovation in the produced means of production, within the network of inter-industry input-output relations, there are undoubtedly mutual lessons to be learnt. Our analysis shows how economic growth is a product of uneven economic development, and the impulse that renders development feasible is always the occurrence of innovation in some form or other; one should not be too prescriptive as to its nature or content. Yet innovation in itself is not enough, it is too localised to bear much weight, what matters is not only the impulse that innovation brings but the adaptation of the economic system to the potential generated by the new ways of doing things. Schumpeter sensed this with his account of imitative behaviour spreading the innovation but it remained an account that ignored the central role of investment processes to build the capacity to exploit innovations. This is the theme that we have explored, the theme that naturally depends on long-period methods of analysis, not to uncover the attributes of a never attained future but to understand the immediate transformative forces operating on an economy.
Financial stability and economic growth: a cross-country study

The study examines the relationship between financial stability and economic growth in Africa. Using a dynamic fixed-effect model, the results reveal that financial stability impacts positively on economic growth. Specifically, the results indicate that capital adequacy, liquidity and asset quality have significant effects on the GDP growth rate both in the long and the short run. It is recommended that the agencies concerned, mainly the central banks and the governments of African countries, should pursue policies that enhance the stability of their financial systems in order to spur economic growth in their respective countries.
Adapting an Organization Design through Domain-Independent Diagnosis

Coordination is an essential technique in multi-agent systems. However, sophisticated coordination strategies are not always cost-effective in all problem-solving situations. This reinforces the need of situationspecific control rules, in which the benefits and the costs of coordination for the current situation are taken into account. We focus here on situation-specific control based on a long-term understanding of the frequency of tasks occurring, the characteristics of these tasks in terms of their resource and coordination needs, and the available resources. Another way of describing this type of long-term situation-specific control is an organizational design. In this paper, we assume that we are given an initial organizational design. However, as the characteristics of the environment change, this organizational design needs to be adapted. We discuss a domain-independent approach to detecting that some important aspects of the environment may have changed and to diagnosing/explaining exactly what these changes are. This work is done in terms of the GPGP/TAEMS domainindependent coordination architecture.
Evaluations of dieting prevention messages by adolescent girls.

BACKGROUND Dieting prevention interventions have been relatively unsuccessful and may be more effective if they concentrate on messages known to be relatively high on persuasive properties. We aimed to identify anti-dieting messages rated most strongly on persuasive dimensions and participant characteristics that predicted message evaluations in adolescent girls. METHODS Grade 7 and 8 girls completed questionnaires assessing risk factors for, and early symptoms of, eating disorders. Two weeks later, participants viewed on video seven messages (each 2-3 minutes long) frequently used to dissuade against dieting in prevention interventions and one control message. After viewing each message, participants rated it on a scale assessing the persuasive dimensions of Relevance, Believability, Emotional Response, and Intention to Diet. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A quarter to a third of participants felt less likely to go on a diet after viewing the messages. "Skipping meals makes you feel starved so you overeat and feel bad" and "Don't be fooled by the fad diets promoted in the media" were rated most strongly. Higher dieting, body dissatisfaction, and negative affect were generally associated with lower persuasive ratings, suggesting the importance of intervention prior to the establishment of dieting behaviors after which there is more message resistance. Age was also a predictor of Believability for some messages, supporting the importance of ensuring the age appropriateness of messages.
Pharmacologically-induced hypothermia via TRPV1 channel agonism provides neuroprotection following ischemic stroke when initiated 90 minutes after reperfusion

Traditional methods of therapeutic hypothermia show promise for neuroprotection against 33 cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), however with limitations. We examined effectiveness and 34 specificity of pharmacological hypothermia by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) 35 channel agonism in the treatment of focal cerebral I/R. Core temperature (T core ) was measured after subcutaneous infusion of TRPV1 agonist, 37 dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), in conscious C57BL/6 WT and TRPV1 KO mice. Acute measurements 38 of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cerebral perfusion were measured before 39 and after DHC treatment. Focal cerebral I/R (one hour ischemia + 24 hours reperfusion) was 40 induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Hypothermia (> 8 hours) was initiated 90 41 minutes after start of reperfusion by DHC infusion (osmotic pump). Neurofunction (behavioral 42 testing) and infarct volume (TTC staining) were measured at 24 hours. 43 DHC (1.25 mg/kg) produced a stable drop in T core (33 °C) in naive and I/R mouse models, but 44 not in TRPV1 KO mice. DHC (1.25 mg/kg) had no measurable effect on HR and cerebral 45 perfusion, but produced a slight transient drop in MAP (<6mmHg). In stroke mice, DHC infusion produced hypothermia, decreased infarct volume by 87%, and improved 47 neurofunctional score. The hypothermic and neuroprotective effects of DHC were absent in 48 TRPV1 KO mice or mice maintained normothermic with heat support. PH via appears to be a well-tolerated and effective method for promoting mild hypothermia in the conscious mouse. Furthermore, TRPV1 agonism produces effective hypothermia in I/R mice and significantly improves outcome when initiated 90 minutes after 52 start of reperfusion.
A 52 GHz Phased-Array Receiver Front-End in 90 nm Digital CMOS

The commercial potential of the 60 GHz band, in combination with the scaling of CMOS, has resulted in a lot of plain digital CMOS circuits and systems for millimeter-wave application. This work presents a 90 nm digital CMOS two-path 52 GHz phased-array receiver, based on LO phase shifting. The system uses unmatched cascading of RF building blocks and features gain selection. A QVCO with a wide tuning range of 8 GHz is demonstrated. The receiver achieves 30 dB of maximum gain and 7.1 dB of minimum noise figure per path around 52 GHz, for a low area and power consumption of respectively 0.1 mm2 and 65 mW. The presented receiver targets 60 GHz communication where beamforming is required.
The performance effects of unintended and purposive multimarket contact

Multimarket contact may arise from unintended encounters among competitors pursuing uncoordinated market expansion strategies, as well as from the strategic intent of firms seeking mutual forbearance with their rivals. Are the performance effects of unintended multimarket contacts different from those of purposeful contacts? Results in the US airline industry indicate that they are not. Multimarket contacts have a constant marginal effect on margins regardless of whether they occur at a level below or above the level that would be expected just by chance. In this case, the performance effect of multimarket contact is determined by the realized strategy, regardless of whether it was deliberate or emergent. Implications for other areas of strategy research are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF INVESTOR SENTIMENT

We use the returns on lottery-like stocks and a dynamic factor model to construct a novel index of investor sentiment. This new measure is highly correlated with other behavioral indicators, but more closely tracks speculative episodes. Our main new finding is that the effects of sentiment are asymmetric: During peak-to-trough periods of investor sentiment (sentiment contractions), high sentiment predicts low future returns for the cross section of speculative stocks and for the market overall, whereas the relationship between sentiment and future returns is positive but relatively weak during trough-to-peak episodes (sentiment expansions). Overall, these results match theories and anecdotal accounts of investor sentiment.
The equivalence of two conjectures of Berge and Fulkerson

Let G be a bridgeless cubic graph. Fulkerson conjectured that there exist six 1‐factors of G such that each edge of G is contained in exactly two of them. Berge conjectured that the edge‐set of G can be covered with at most five 1‐factors. We prove that the two conjectures are equivalent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 68:125‐128, 2011