Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unlearning modernity: A realist method for critical international relations?

Recent re-readings of classical realism in International Relations have demonstrated that in their critique of modernity, mid-twentieth century realists put their focus on the development of a (self)critical and sceptical epistemology, a focus that often has been of little concern to other International Relations theories. So far, however, this debate on classical realism has not further elaborated realist methodologies, although this has the potential to make the current theoretical debate more accessible for empirical investigations. To this end, this article argues that mid-twentieth century realists pursued a method of unlearning. Unlearning is being understood as the critique and moving beyond the modern imaginary which preconditions everyday knowledge and intellectual thought in a dehumanizing way through a learning process based upon the study of classical texts. Examining the work of Hans Morgenthau, and the evocative if generally under-appreciated writings of the Japanese thinker Maruyama Masao, the article argues that unlearning is an important part of critical realist thinking.
Team-Related Mental Representation: The Role of Individual Differences

The current study applied Bowlby's (e.g., 1973) attachment theory in order to tap into several mechanisms underlying team-related mental representation. Attachment style of 89 subjects was evaluated via a self-report questionnaire, while their team-related mental representation was assessed through a sorting task. The findings revealed that attachment anxiety was associated with relative cognitive simplicity, whereas attachment avoidance was associated with low levels of mental differentiation. Also, avoidant persons manifested more negative content and less positive and instrumental content about teams. The discussion emphasizes the connection between the internalization of attachment experiences and the construction of team-related mental representation.
New mass relation for meson 25-plet

By assuming the existence of (quasi)-linear Regge trajectories for 25-plet mesons in the low-energy region, we derive a new, 14th power, meson mass relation. This relation may be reduced to a quadratic Gell-Mann-Okubo-type formula by fitting the values of the Regge slopes of these (quasi)-linear trajectories. Such a formula holds with an accuracy of % for vector mesons, and also suggests that the quantum number should be assigned to both the and mesons discovered recently. We also discuss reasons for the failure of group theory to produce correct mass relations for heavy quarkonia.
Hybrid Approach to User Intention Modeling for Dialog Simulation

This paper proposes a novel user intention simulation method which is a data-driven approach but able to integrate diverse user discourse knowledge together to simulate various type of users. In Markov logic framework, logistic regression based data-driven user intention modeling is introduced, and human dialog knowledge are designed into two layers such as domain and discourse knowledge, then it is integrated with the data-driven model in generation time. Cooperative, corrective and self-directing discourse knowledge are designed and integrated to mimic such type of users. Experiments were carried out to investigate the patterns of simulated users, and it turned out that our approach was successful to generate user intention patterns which are not only unseen in the training corpus and but also personalized in the designed direction.
Conceptually New Approach to Wind Measurements by Spaced Receiver Radars

Spaced receiver (SR) radars have shown clear advantages over conventional Doppler beam swinging radars for the measurements of wind profiles at high temporal and spatial resolution. Several effective techniques for wind and turbulence measurements have been developed (Holloway et al. 1997, Cohn et al. 1997). These techniques provide a solution to the diffraction problem by either directly assuming models of the diffraction pattern, or by assuming models of the refractive index field and relating those to the diffraction pattern. All the techniques consider the cross correlations and cross spectra of echoes in spaced receivers, which are the large-scale characteristics of the echoes. It is, however, well known that the large-scale characteristics of the refractive index field depend on atmospheric conditions, so no one model can be universal. This non-universality complicates application of the correlation-function-based techniques for operational, real-time wind and turbulence measurements.
What Can Developers' Messages Tell Us? A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Jazz Teams' Attitudes and Behavior Patterns

Reports that communication and behavioral issues contribute to inadequately performing software teams have fuelled a wealth of research aimed at understanding the human processes employed during software development. The increasing level of interest in human issues is particularly relevant for agile and global software development approaches that emphasize the importance of people and their interactions during projects. While mature analysis techniques in behavioral psychology have been recommended for studying such issues, particularly when using archives and artifacts, these techniques have rarely been used in software engineering research. We utilize these techniques under an embedded case study approach to examine whether IBM Rational Jazz practitioners' behaviors change over project duration and whether certain tasks affect teams' attitudes and behaviors. We found highest levels of project engagement at project start and completion, as well as increasing levels of team collectiveness as projects progressed. Additionally, Jazz practitioners were most insightful and perceptive at the time of project scoping. Further, Jazz teams' attitudes and behaviors varied in line with the nature of the tasks they were performing. We explain these findings and discuss their implications for software project governance and tool design.
The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review.

A qualitative and quantitative review of the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is provided. The qualitative review is organized around 7 models that characterize past research on the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. Although some models have received more support than have others, research has not provided conclusive confirmation or disconfirmation of any model, partly because of a lack of assimilation and integration in the literature. Research devoted to testing these models waned following 2 meta-analyses of the job satisfaction-job performance relationship. Because of limitations in these prior analyses and the misinterpretation of their findings, a new meta-analysis was conducted on 312 samples with a combined N of 54,417. The mean true correlation between overall job satisfaction and job performance was estimated to be . 30. In light of these results and the qualitative review, an agenda for future research on the satisfaction-performance relationship is provided.
Academic self-efficacy, sense of coherence, hope and tiredness among college students with learning disabilities

Abstract Some resilient students with LD succeed ‘against the odds’ and reach college. The goals of the study are to explore their resources and barriers during their studies. The relationships between academic self-efficacy (ASE) and personal resources (sense of coherence (SOC) and hope) among college students with learning disabilities (LD) will be examined. The sample consisted of 438 college students divided into two subgroups: 149 students with LD and 289 Non-LD students. Results indicated that college students with LD reported lower levels of ASE, as well as lower levels of hope subscales and SOC. Persistent challenges of early learning distress experienced by those students during school periods continue to be prevalent during their college years. The ASE was predicted by the personal resources, and the risk factor (tiredness lost its significance). The importance of personal resources (SOC and hope subscales) was further emphasised by the mediation model (PROCESS). They mediated the relationships between LD and ASE. These outcomes call for empowering interventional programmes in order to promote hopeful thinking and personal coherence.
Pulls, Pushes and Entitlement Failures in Labor Markets: Does the State of Development Matter?

This study adapts a relatively novel model of off-farm labor supply to the changing conditions of Bulgaria during the 1990s. The model’s parameters are estimated separately for each of the three different waves of the Bulgarian Integrated Household Survey, each reflecting remarkably different environmental conditions. Both the parameter values and the changes therein from one survey year to another are explained and used to characterize the way different types of households allocate their labor between farm and off-farm activities. The results demonstrate that Bulgarian households display many of the same labor supply patterns, including entitlement failures, as have previously been observed only in very poor developing countries. As such, they have potentially important policy making implications.
A Holistic Analysis of Circuit Performance Variations in 3-D ICs With Thermal and TSV-Induced Stress Considerations

In 3-D ICs, through silicon via (TSV)-induced thermal residual stress impacts several transistor electrical parameters-low-field mobility, saturation velocity, and threshold voltage. These thermal-stress related shifts are coupled with other temperature effects on transistor parameters that are seen even in the absence of TSVs. In this paper, analytical models are developed to holistically represent the effect of thermally-induced variations on circuit timing. A biaxial stress model is built, based on a superposition of 2-D axisymmetric and Boussinesq-type elasticity models. The computed stresses and strains are then employed to evaluate transistor mobility, saturation velocity, and threshold voltage. The electrical variations are translated into gate-level delay and leakage power calculations, which are then elevated to circuit-level analysis to thoroughly evaluate the variations in circuit performance-induced by TSV stress.
Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northwestern Tien Shan: New age estimates for the initiation of mountain building

The Tien Shan are the quintessential intracontinental range, situated more than 1000 km north of the suture between India and Asia. Their initiation and growth in the Cenozoic, however, remain poorly understood. In this study we present stratigraphic, detrital fission-track, and magnetostratigraphic results that provide a basis for reconstructing the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Kyrgyz Range and adjacent Chu basin in the northwestern Tien Shan. Detrital fission-track thermochronology indicates that the northwestern Tien Shan was tectonically quiescent for much of the Cenozoic. Prior to uplift and exhumation in the late Miocene, the Kyrgyz Range was buried by sediments shed from highlands to the south and/or east. Paired bedrock fission-track and [U-Th]/He ages from a sampling transect of 2.4 km relief demonstrate that rapid exhumation commenced at ca. 11 Ma. Initial thrusting in the hinterland was followed by evaporite accumulation (;0.4 km/m.y.), which coincided with erosion of the pre‐11 Ma strata that mantled the Kyrgyz Range. Between 10 and 3 Ma, bedrockexhumation rates decreased to ,0.3 km/ m.y. , while sedimentation rates decelerated initially to ;0.25 km/m.y. before accelerating to ;0.4 km/m.y. at 4‐5 Ma. Detrital fission-track results indicate that by 4.5 Ma,
Preservation of Fertility in Females Treated for Cancer

Advancements of diagnosis and treatment have substantially improved cancer survival rates in the last few decades. The increasing number of survivors focuses attention on long-term effects caused by cancer treatment and its impact on quality of life. Ovarian failure is one of the major sequelae of cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in female children and reproductive-age women. Oncologists should address the patients about fertility preservation options before therapy. Embryo cryopreservation is the only well-established method for females in preserving fertility; however other strategies including ovarian suppression, ovarian transposition and cryopreservation of oocytes and ovarian tissue are still experimental. Patients need advice and to know which are the most practical options for them. This article reviews the available fertility preservation methods in women, and the related issues including normal physiology of the ovary, effect of anticancer therapy on fertility, role of the oncologist and ethics. We performed a MEDLINE search from 1971 to 2011 in a similar way as Jensen et al. 2011, using the following MeSH terms: antineoplastic agents; ovarian failure; premature; infertility, female; fertility preservation; child and cancer; reproductive technologies, assisted.
An Objective Approach to Select Climate Scenarios when Projecting Species Distribution under Climate Change

An impressive number of new climate change scenarios have recently become available to assess the ecological impacts of climate change. Among these impacts, shifts in species range analyzed with species distribution models are the most widely studied. Whereas it is widely recognized that the uncertainty in future climatic conditions must be taken into account in impact studies, many assessments of species range shifts still rely on just a few climate change scenarios, often selected arbitrarily. We describe a method to select objectively a subset of climate change scenarios among a large ensemble of available ones. Our k-means clustering approach reduces the number of climate change scenarios needed to project species distributions, while retaining the coverage of uncertainty in future climate conditions. We first show, for three biologically-relevant climatic variables, that a reduced number of six climate change scenarios generates average climatic conditions very close to those obtained from a set of 27 scenarios available before reduction. A case study on potential gains and losses of habitat by three northeastern American tree species shows that potential future species distributions projected from the selected six climate change scenarios are very similar to those obtained from the full set of 27, although with some spatial discrepancies at the edges of species distributions. In contrast, projections based on just a few climate models vary strongly according to the initial choice of climate models. We give clear guidance on how to reduce the number of climate change scenarios while retaining the central tendencies and coverage of uncertainty in future climatic conditions. This should be particularly useful during future climate change impact studies as more than twice as many climate models were reported in the fifth assessment report of IPCC compared to the previous one.
The genetic pleiotropy of musculoskeletal aging

Musculoskeletal aging is detrimental to multiple bodily functions and starts early, probably in the fourth decade of an individual's life. Sarcopenia is a health problem that is expected to only increase as a greater portion of the population lives longer; prevalence of the related musculoskeletal diseases is similarly expected to increase. Unraveling the biological and biomechanical associations and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases represents a formidable challenge. There are two major problems making disentangling the biological complexity of musculoskeletal aging difficult: (a) it is a systemic, rather than “compartmental,” problem, which should be approached accordingly, and (b) the aging per se is neither well defined nor reliably measurable. A unique challenge of studying any age-related condition is a need of distinguishing between the “norm” and “pathology,” which are interwoven throughout the aging organism. We argue that detecting genes with pleiotropic functions in musculoskeletal aging is needed to provide insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences insusceptibility to the musculoskeletal diseases. However, exploring pleiotropic relationships among the system's components is challenging both methodologically and conceptually. We aimed to focus on genetic aspects of the cross-talk between muscle and its “neighboring” tissues and organs (tendon, bone, and cartilage), and to explore the role of genetics to find the new molecular links between skeletal muscle and other parts of the “musculoskeleton. ” Identification of significant genetic variants underlying the musculoskeletal system's aging is now possible more than ever due to the currently available advanced genomic technologies. In summary, a “holistic” genetic approach is needed to study the systems's normal functioning and the disease predisposition in order to improve musculoskeletal health.
PPM1D Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinomas

Purpose: To identify therapeutic targets in ovarian clear cell carcinomas, a chemoresistant and aggressive type of ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: Twelve ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines were subjected to tiling path microarray comparative genomic hybridization and genome-wide expression profiling analysis. Regions of high-level amplification were defined and genes whose expression levels were determined by copy number and correlated with gene amplification were identified. The effects of inhibition of PPM1D were assessed using short hairpin RNA constructs and a small-molecule inhibitor (CCT007093). The prevalence of PPM1D amplification and mRNA expression was determined using chromogenic in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR in a cohort of pure ovarian clear cell carcinomas and on an independent series of unselected epithelial ovarian cancers. Results: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed regions of high-level amplification on 1q32, 1q42, 2q11, 3q24-q26, 5p15, 7p21-p22, 11q13.2-q13.4, 11q22, 17q21-q22, 17q23.2, 19q12-q13, and 20q13.2. Thirty-four genes mapping to these regions displayed expression levels that correlated with copy number gains/amplification. PPM1D had significantly higher levels of mRNA expression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines harboring gains/amplifications of 17q23.2. PPM1D inhibition revealed that PPM1D expression and phosphatase activity are selectively required for the survival of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines with 17q23.2 amplification. PPM1D amplification was significantly associated with ovarian clear cell carcinoma histology (P = 0.0003) and found in 10% of primary ovarian clear cell carcinomas. PPM1D expression levels were significantly correlated with PPM1D gene amplification in primary ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Our data provide strong circumstantial evidence that PPM1D is a potential therapeutic target for a subgroup of ovarian clear cell carcinomas.
Algorithms for the Pagination Problem, a Bin Packing with Overlapping Items

We introduce the strongly NP-complete pagination problem, an extension of Bin Packing where packing together two items may make them occupy less volume than the sum of their individual sizes. To achieve this property, an item is defined as a finite set of symbols from a given alphabet: while, in Bin Packing, any two such sets would be dis-joint, in Pagination, they can share zero, one or more symbols. After formulating the problem as an integer linear program, we try to approximate its solutions with several families of algorithms: from straightforward adaptations of classical Bin Packing heuristics, to dedicated algorithms (greedy and non-greedy), to standard and grouping genetic algorithms. All of them are studied first theoretically , then experimentally on an extensive random test set. Based upon these data, we propose a pre-dictive measure of the difficulty of a given instance, and finally recommend which algorithm should be used in which case, depending on either time constraints or quality requirements.
A theoretical account of cognitive effects in delay discounting

Although delay discounting, the attenuation of the value of future rewards, is a robust finding, the mechanism of discounting is not known. We propose a potential mechanism for delay discounting such that discounting emerges from a search process that is trying to determine what rewards will be available in the future. In this theory, the delay dependence of the discounting of future expected rewards arises from three assumptions. First, that the evaluation of outcomes involves a search process. Second, that the value is assigned to an outcome proportionally to how easy it is to find. Third, that outcomes that are less delayed are typically easier for the search process to find. By relaxing this third assumption (e.g. by assuming that episodically‐cued outcomes are easier to find), our model suggests that it is possible to dissociate discounting from delay. Our theory thereby explains the empirical result that discounting is slower to episodically‐imagined outcomes, because these outcomes are easier for the search process to find. Additionally, the theory explains why improving cognitive resources such as working memory slows discounting, by improving searches and thereby making rewards easier to find. The three assumptions outlined here are likely to be instantiated during deliberative decision‐making, but are unlikely in habitual decision‐making. We model two simple implementations of this theory and show that they unify empirical results about the role of cognitive function in delay discounting, and make new neural, behavioral, and pharmacological predictions.
On the Relationship between EFL Learners' Socio-Economic Status and their Attitudes toward Oral Corrective Feedback: A Mixed-Method Study

Although many studies have focused on the language learners’ beliefs and attitudes regarding error correction, less has been done to investigate whether and how student characteristics influence their preferences. The present investigation explores how socio-economic status affects the error correction views of 140 upper-intermediate/advanced students, ranging from 23 to 31, in an EFL context. The participants' social class was determined by MacArthur scale of subjective socio-economic status. A questionnaire and a follow-up interview were employed to obtain the students' overall preferences about different aspects of oral corrective feedback (OCF). The results showed that the students unanimously favored teachers as the best provider of feedback and highly expected both local and global errors to be treated; nevertheless, whereas middle-class students would rather their errors to be corrected at the end of the class while the teacher addressed the whole class, high-class students did not mind if teachers corrected them individually as soon as they finished speaking. Besides, although predominantly the students preferred direct error correction, high-class students had a more positive view toward elicitation and self-error correction in general. The findings of this study highlight the influence of language learners' socio-economic status on how they expect their teachers to treat their oral errors.