Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harmful Effects of Preexisting Inappropriate Highlighting on Reading Comprehension and Metacognitive Accuracy

Previous research has shown that preexisting inappropriate highlighting of text could impair reading comprehension. In addition to replicating this effect, the authors investigated the impact of preexisting highlighting on measures of metacognition. In a 3 X 2 between-subjects factorial design, participants were 180 undergraduate college students randomly assigned to read passages that varied by type of highlighting (none, appropriate, or inappropriate) and text difficulty (low vs. high). Comprehension scores and metacognitive accuracy were impaired by inappropriate highlighting. Results show that when reading inappropriately highlighted passages, students' ratings of how well they had comprehended the text and how accurately they had answered comprehension questions were negatively correlated with their performance on a comprehension test. Inappropriate highlighting appeared to impair text comprehension and metacognitive accuracy.
Accounting Researchers in Asia Pacific: A Study on Publication Productivity and Citation Analysis

Research quality and productivity are the important dimensions that affect the employability and rewards of university faculty members. Generally, the publication achievement of university faculty members can be measured by the number of papers published in reputable journals as well as the number of citations obtained from their publications. This study examines the publication productivity of accounting faculty members of Asia Pacific universities in the top accounting journals for the period 2000 to 2010. The present study also measures the publication achievement using the number of citations of the researchers’ publications in these journals for the same period based on the search from Google Scholar, Scopus and Social Science Citation Index. The study found that Hun-Tong Tan is the most productive researcher in the top 18 accounting journals, followed by R. G. Walker and Michael Bradbury. When a sub-set of the top 5 accounting journals is used, the top three researchers are Hun-Tong Tan (NTU), Clive S. Lennox (HKUST) and Robert H. Chenhall (Monash U). Using the citation count, the present study found that T.J. Wong (CUHK), Robert H. Chenhall, and Ferdinand A. Gul (Monash U) obtained the highest total citations from both Google Scholar and Scopus. However, when Social Science Citation Index is used, T.J. Wong, Robert H. Chenhall, and Hun-Tong Tan are the top three. The results of this study provide the evidence of the contributions by the Asia Pacific universities’ faculties towards high quality accounting research and publications over the last decade.
Constraints in the growth of processed food sector and proposed export strategy: a case study of India

The objective is to identify the constraints in growth of the processed food sector (PFS) and propose a strategy for boosting exports of processed food from India. An empirical research was conducted. The questionnaire was administered to gather 252 responses. Fifteen PFS constraints were identified, such as lack of traceability (LTE), weak HACCP implementation (WHAP), lack of end to end cold chain (LEC), limited single product cold storage (LSPS), high level of wastages from source to plant (HLW), weak governmemt policies (WGRP), limited warehousing (LWA), lack of quality and connectivity of vehicles (LQCV), weak road transportation (WRT), lack of skilled workers (LSW), inadequate application of IT tools (IAIT), lack of world class quality (LWQ), long and fragmented logistics (LFA), inadequate research and development (IRD), and lack of good technology (LGT). The proposed strategy is to improve post harvest techniques in order to achieve the desired high performance of Indian PFS exports. The present research will be useful for the companies, academia and policy makers.
Revisiting the relationship between different financial risk measures and the market return on ordinary shares in South Africa

The main aim of this study was to test whether there is a positive relationship between different financial risk measures and the expected return of a share. This study was performed in 1995 by Brummer and Wolmarans, who obtained results contrary to those of a similar study in the United States of America in 1988. The reasons for the difference were not established. This study follows up the one by Brummer and Wolmarans to determine whether the passing of 19 years could have brought about any difference in the results. This process was initiated by testing a set of variables from a sample size of 107 JSE-listed companies from 2002 to 2012 for linearity. As there was no such linear relationship between any of the variables, no assumptions can be made about any relationship between share return and the risk measures tested here. If investors were risk averse, one would expect a positive relationship between different financial risk measures and the expected return of a share. This is not the case in the South African market.
Cross‐Border Economic Activities, Human Capital and Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis for OECD Countries

We study the growth effects of outward‐oriented economies by using stochastic frontier analysis to measure the efficiency externalities of three forms of economic cross‐border activities – international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and migration – for OECD countries. The study also examines whether the efficiency of these cross‐border activities is affected by the level of human capital in the host country. We find that international trade and FDI are important channels for improving efficiency, as is human capital accumulation, and that the positive effects of international trade, FDI, and migration depend crucially on the level of accumulated human capital. Our results show that the impact of human capital is important for increasing efficiency via international trade flows and FDI flows, while immigration into countries that are richer in human capital enhances their efficiency relatively more than immigration into countries with lower human capital. These results remain robust to alternate measures of human capital, controls on education levels among immigrants, and to a non‐parametric estimation of the model.
Towards accurate residue–residue hydrophobic contact prediction for α helical proteins via integer linear optimization

A new optimization‐based method is presented to predict the hydrophobic residue contacts in α‐helical proteins. The proposed approach uses a high resolution distance dependent force field to calculate the interaction energy between different residues of a protein. The formulation predicts the hydrophobic contacts by minimizing the sum of these contact energies. These residue contacts are highly useful in narrowing down the conformational space searched by protein structure prediction algorithms. The proposed algorithm also offers the algorithmic advantage of producing a rank ordered list of the best contact sets. This model was tested on four independent α‐helical protein test sets and was found to perform very well. The average accuracy of the predictions (separated by at least six residues) obtained using the presented method was ∼66% for single domain proteins. The average true positive and false positive distances were also calculated for each protein test set and they are 8.87 and 14.67 Å, respectively. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Informative Prices, Rational Investors: The Emergence of the Random Walk Hypothesis and the Nineteenth-Century "Science of Financial Investments"

In a series of articles marking the recent anniversary of Louis Bachelier’s “Théorie de la spéculation,” historians have reevaluated Bachelier’s role as a forerunner of modern financial theory and reconsidered the historical origins of the latter. They have emphasized anew the importance of Bachelier in the development of modern financial theory (see Sullivan and Weithers 1994, 31; 1991, 165; Harrison 1997, 175; Courtault et al. 2000) and, in the process, have reconsidered the timing of two achievements normally credited to him: the options pricing theory and the random walk hypothesis. Historians now believe that that theory and hypothesis were developed in the 1860s and 1870s, well before the publication of Bachelier’s “Theory of Speculation” in 1900, and perhaps not by Bachelier at all (Jovanovic 2000, 2001; Jovanovic and Le Gall 2001). For example, Franck Jovanovic and Philippe Le Gall have recently argued that the key elements of the random walk hypothesis were first formulated in a book by Jules Regnault, called Calcul des chances et philosophie de la Bourse [Chance calculus and the philosophy of the
The Weekend Effect: Trading Patterns of Individual and Institutional Investors

In this paper, the authors document regularities in trading patterns of individual and institutional investors related to the day of the week. They find a relative increase in trading activity by individuals on Mondays. In addition, there is a tendency for individuals to increase the number of sell transactions relative to buy transactions, which might explain at least part of the weekend effect. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.
Specificity in protein-protein interactions: the structural basis for dual recognition in endonuclease colicin-immunity protein complexes.

Bacteria producing endonuclease colicins are protected against their cytotoxic activity by virtue of a small immunity protein that binds with high affinity and specificity to inactivate the endonuclease. DNase binding by the immunity protein occurs through a "dual recognition" mechanism in which conserved residues from helix III act as the binding-site anchor, while variable residues from helix II define specificity. We now report the 1.7 A crystal structure of the 24.5 kDa complex formed between the endonuclease domain of colicin E9 and its cognate immunity protein Im9, which provides a molecular rationale for this mechanism. Conserved residues of Im9 form a binding-energy hotspot through a combination of backbone hydrogen bonds to the endonuclease, many via buried solvent molecules, and hydrophobic interactions at the core of the interface, while the specificity-determining residues interact with corresponding specificity side-chains on the enzyme. Comparison between the present structure and that reported recently for the colicin E7 endonuclease domain in complex with Im7 highlights how specificity is achieved by very different interactions in the two complexes, predominantly hydrophobic in nature in the E9-Im9 complex but charged in the E7-Im7 complex. A key feature of both complexes is the contact between a conserved tyrosine residue from the immunity proteins (Im9 Tyr54) with a specificity residue on the endonuclease directing it toward the specificity sites of the immunity protein. Remarkably, this tyrosine residue and its neighbour (Im9 Tyr55) are the pivots of a 19 degrees rigid-body rotation that relates the positions of Im7 and Im9 in the two complexes. This rotation does not affect conserved immunity protein interactions with the endonuclease but results in different regions of the specificity helix being presented to the enzyme.
Pomegranate Polyphenols and Resveratrol Protect the Neonatal Brain against Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury

A previous study from our lab has shown that the polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice can protect the neonatal mouse brain against hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) injury when given to mothers in their drinking water. To test the hypothesis that this protection is due to the polyphenols in the juice, we studied the effects of the pomegranate polyphenol extract in the same neonatal H-I model. To further explore the role of a specific polyphenol in neonatal H-I we investigated the effects of resveratrol. The neuroprotective effects of resveratrol have been demonstrated in adult models of stroke, but had not previously been examined in neonates. We show that pomegranate polyphenols and resveratrol reduce caspase-3 activation following neonatal H-I. Resveratrol reduced caspase-3 activation when given before the injury but not when given 3 h after the injury. In addition to preventing caspase-3 activation, resveratrol also reduced calpain activation. Finally, we show that resveratrol can protect against tissue loss measured at 7 days after the injury. These and other recent findings suggest that polyphenols should be further investigated as a potential treatment to decrease brain injury due to neonatal H-I.
Antecedents of organizational identification in multinational corporations: fostering psychological attachment to the local subsidiary and the global organization

This article reports the results of an empirical case study of the antecedents of organizational identification among local managers in a multinational corporation (MNC). Organizational identification, which refers to an individual's psychological attachment to the organization, has gained increasing attention because of its assumed link with behaviour associated with enhanced organizational performance. Yet little work has been done on what fosters organizational identification, particularly within the context of a MNC. Moreover, there is empirical evidence showing that managerial employees of MNCs draw a distinction between their local subsidiary and the global organization as manifest in separate group identifications. This suggests that there may be differential sets of antecedents of identification with the local subsidiary and with the global organization. The results of the present study indicate that there are different sets of factors that promote identification with the local and global levels of the organization. The results further show a complementarity of causal variables; identification with the local subsidiary is fostered primarily by factors which pertain to the local company context, while identification with the global organization is fostered primarily by factors which pertain to the MNC as a global entity.
Ownership, Governance and Firm Performance in Malaysia

Corporate governance is often regarded as a weak link in Asia's company performance. Most studies have focused on the relationship between ownership and firm value, but the instruments that mediate that relationship have often been overlooked. This paper attempts to address this issue by examining the relationship between ownership types and firm performance by analysing variations in governance practices and their impact on firm performance. This paper shows that different types of majority owners exhibit distinct traits of behaviour and preferences for corporate governance practices in an environment of pervasive concentration of shareholding. Such governance practices and various firm characteristics are found to have an impact on firm performance.
Investigating the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Objectives Obesity is reported to be closely relevant to early sexual development but the relationship between sexual precocity and obesity or central obesity is still inconsistent, especially in boys. We aimed to investigate the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity as well as central obesity. Design A large population-based cross-sectional study using multistage, stratified cluster random sampling. Setting Data from the Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation (SCHEDULE) study in June 2014. Participants 17 620 Chinese children aged 6–12 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures Obesity was defined by WHO Child Growth Standards. Central obesity was defined by sex-specific waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cut-offs (WHtR ≥0.48 for boys, WHtR ≥0.46 for girls). Precocious puberty was identified by Tanner stage of breast, pubic hair and testicle development. A χ2 test was performed to compare rates. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between precocious puberty and general obesity and central obesity. Probit analysis was used for estimating the median age at entry into Tanner stage 2 or greater for breast, pubic hair and testicle development. Linear regression was utilised to compare the effects of WHtR and body mass index (BMI) on sex development indicators. Results 25.98% and 38.58% of boys with precocious puberty were respectively accompanied by obesity (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.31 to 3.50) or central obesity (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.46 to 3.03); meanwhile, 13.86% and 29.42% of girls with precocious puberty were respectively accompanied by obesity (OR=9.00, 95% CI=5.60 to 14.46) or central obesity (OR=5.40, 95% CI=4.10 to 7.12). The median ages of breast, pubic hair and testicle development decreased with BMI increase and median ages of thelarche and testicular development rather than pubarche were earlier in children with central obesity. Conclusions Earlier pubertal development was positively associated with obesity and central obesity in Chinese children.
Concentrated growth factor in the treatment of adjacent multiple gingival recessions: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in combination with coronally advanced flap (CAF) compared to CAF alone for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions (GRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with a total of 119 Miller Class I and II GRs in the maxilla were included to this study. Recessions were randomly treated according to a split-mouth design by means of CAF + CGF (test; 60 defects) or CAF (control; 59 defects). Clinical outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS The mean root coverage (MRC) was 82.06% and 86.67%, complete root coverage (CRC) was 45.8% (27/59) and 56.7% (34/60) for CAF and CAF + CGF, respectively at 6th month. Statistically no difference was demonstrated between the two groups in terms of recession depth (RD), MRC and CRC at 6th month. The increase in width of keratinized gingiva (KGW) and gingival thickness (GT) were statistically significant in the CAF + CGF group compared to the CAF group at 6th month. CONCLUSIONS The use of CGF in combination with CAF did not provide additional benefits in RD, CRC and MRC. This study suggests that use of CGF + CAF may increase the success of GRs because of a significant increase in KGW and GT.
SC-FDE V-BLAST system concept for MIMO over satellite with antenna misalignment

For fixed satellite services (FSS) the performance of a single carrier - frequency domain equalizer (SC-FDE) MIMO system concept for line of sight (LOS) MIMO satellite channels is evaluated for the case of orthogonal and nearly orthogonal channels. The channel orthogonality is achieved by adjusting the phase angles within the channel transfer matrix through the LOS path distance which the signals have to travel between the respective transmit-receive antenna pair. This strategy finally leads to locally specific antenna arrangements needed for orthogonal channels with identical eigenmodes and maximum spatial multiplexing gain. For this particular type of channel a system has recently been proposed which revealed a very good performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and mutual information. However, once the MIMO system has been optimized this way, practical impairments such as movements and maneuvers of the satellite or imperfect antenna arrangements of the user terminals might again cause a violation of the channel orthogonality. In this case the system performance suffers from spatial co-channel interference between the MIMO signal streams, which after all reduces the achievable throughput. This is analyzed and quantified in the paper for a typical scenario, and improvement potential is revealed by the application of a V-BLAST successive interference cancelation (SIC) scheme together with zero-forcing channel equalization.
Fiduciary responsibility in retail funds: clarifying the prospects for SRI

This article assesses the fiduciary law context governing socially responsible investing (SRI) in retail funds in order to understand the scope for promoting sustainable development. Most scholarship on this subject has focused on institutional investors such as pension plans, yet the legal, institutional and market context of retail funds has some distinct characteristics. The article argues that although the retail sector offers the most generous legal space for SRI of any financial sector, SRI practice is far from mainstream owing to a range of organizational and economic impediments coupled with the drawbacks of a relatively permissive legal milieu. This article highlights that the obsessive focus on the supposed fiduciary law barrier to SRI can overlook other institutional obstacles to its practice, as well as to stress that it is insufficient merely to have a legally enabling framework if we wish SRI to make a more fundamental contribution to sustainability. Furthermore, any analysis of the fiduciary responsibility of retail funds is incomplete without taking into account the impact of other legal standards and duties in this sector such as from contract law and financial regulation.
HOUSEHOLDS’ BEHAVIOUR AND ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS IN A REGIONAL ECONOMY

Households have significant demand-side potential to drive reductions in atmospheric emissions, including both direct and indirect emissions. Our analysis focuses on the behaviour of a regional economy (Aragon, Spain) and its impact on greenhouse gases (GHG) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Using a CGE model, we simulate scenarios and evaluate the environmental impact of adopting changes considered in the Aragonese Climate Change and Clean Energy Strategy. Specifically, we analyse the impact of electricity savings and the promotion of public transport (bus or train) versus private car use. The results indicate that 1 MWh of saving in electricity consumption by households could reduce emissions of GHG by 0.112 kt of equivalent CO2 and 8.209 kg of SO2 with a shift in demand preferences and 0.022 kt of equivalent CO2 and 7.612 kg of SO2 with an efficiency improvement. Moreover, household changes in demand preferences regarding private/public transport, also contribute to reduce emissions.
Proposal Computational Higher-Dimensional Type Theory

Intuitionistic type theory is a widely-used framework for constructive mathematics and computer programming. Martin-Löf’s meaning explanations justify the rules of type theory by defining types as classifications of programs according to their behaviors. Recently, researchers noticed that the rules of type theory also admit homotopy-theoretic models, and subsequently extended type theory with constructs inspired by these models: higher inductive types and Voevodsky’s univalence axiom. Although such higher-dimensional type theories have proved useful for homotopy-theoretic reasoning, they lack a computational interpretation. In this proposal, I describe a modification of the meaning explanations that accounts for higher-dimensional types as classifications of higherdimensional programs. I aim to extend these cubical meaning explanations with additional features inspired by other higher-dimensional and computational type theories, and explore the programming applications of higher-dimensional programs.
Improvement of road extraction in high resolution SAR data by a context-based approach

This paper deals with the problem of road extraction in high resolution SAR data. The presented method is an improvement of previous works. The process is an almost automatic algorithm based on a Hough transform and a road tracking algorithm. The main limitations of the process are due to the road context. First investigations to exploit contextual information in the process are presented.