Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Director identity in pre- and post-crisis Iceland: effects of board life stage and gender

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how directors’ roles and social identities are shaped by gender and board life stage, using pre- and post-crisis Iceland as the setting. Recent theoretical work suggests the importance of directors’ monitoring and resource provision roles at certain board life stages; however, there is limited empirical evidence of directors’ identification with these roles as well as social role identification as a member of the board. Design/methodology/approach – The authors contribute empirical evidence from interviews with 23 corporate directors in Iceland on individual identification with the director role of monitoring and resource provision, relational identification with the CEO role and social identification as a member of the board. Findings – Prior to the crisis, male directors identified more strongly with resource provision and with their social roles and less strongly with monitoring roles. Compared to their male counterparts, pre-crisis female directors ide.
A debate on prescription privileges for psychologists

A debate on the American Psychological Association’s (APA’s) policy on prescription privileges (also referred to as RxP) for psychologists was held at APA’s August 22‐25, 2002, convention in Chicago. The debate, organized and chaired by Timothy Anderson, was entitled “The Role of Prescription Authority for the Psychologist. ” Patrick H. DeLeon presented arguments in favor and Elaine M. Heiby presented arguments against APA’s policy on RxP. This article is based on a partly unclear audiotape of the debate transcribed by Heiby. Because some portions of the audiotape were unclear, all authors were given the opportunity to complete and edit the transcript (using their notes, overheads, and recollections).
"Just Sit Down So We Can Talk:" Perceived Stigma and Community Recreation Pursuits of People with Disabilities

Research shows that leisure can provide mental and physical benefits to individuals with disabilities. Unfortunately, many individuals with disabilities are denied these benefits through attitudinal as well as architectural barriers. Research by West (1984) suggested that the perception as well as the practice of negative attitudes can prevent individuals from pursuing satisfying leisure activities in the community. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to follow up on West's (1984) work and explore the perceptions of stigma and subsequent responses to those perceptions in adults with disabilities in community recreation experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 respondents with physical and/or psychological disabilities. Qualitative data analysis uncovered themes that suggested three different responses to negative attitudinal experiences in community recreation pursuits: (a) becoming helpless, (b) resisting the stigma, or (c) yielding and embracing their situation. Implications and recommendations for both practitioners and researchers are presented.
Compositional Stability of a Salivary Bacterial Population against Supragingival Microbiota Shift following Periodontal Therapy

Supragingival plaque is permanently in contact with saliva. However, the extent to which the microbiota contributes to the salivary bacterial population remains unclear. We compared the compositional shift in the salivary bacterial population with that in supragingival plaque following periodontal therapy. Samples were collected from 19 patients with periodontitis before and after periodontal therapy (mean sample collection interval, 25.8±2.6 months), and their bacterial composition was investigated using barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic community analysis using the UniFrac distance metric revealed that the overall bacterial community composition of saliva is distinct from that of supragingival plaque, both pre- and post-therapy. Temporal variation following therapy in the salivary bacterial population was significantly smaller than in the plaque microbiota, and the post-therapy saliva sample was significantly more similar to that pre-therapy from the same individual than to those from other subjects. Following periodontal therapy, microbial richness and biodiversity were significantly decreased in the plaque microbiota, but not in the salivary bacterial population. The operational taxonomic units whose relative abundances changed significantly after therapy were not common to the two microbiotae. These results reveal the compositional stability of salivary bacterial populations against shifts in the supragingival microbiota, suggesting that the effect of the supragingival plaque microbiota on salivary bacterial population composition is limited.
Ineffective chronic illness behaviour in a patient with long-term non-psychotic psychiatric illness

This case report offers a different perspective on a patient with a long-term non-psychotic psychiatric disorder that was difficult to specify. The patient, a man in his 50s, was unable to profit from outpatient treatment and became increasingly dependent on mental healthcare – which could not be understood based on his history and psychiatric symptoms alone. By separating symptoms from illness behaviour, the negative course of this patient's treatment is analysed. Focusing on ineffective chronic illness behaviour by the patient, and mutual ineffective treatment behaviour by the clinicians, it becomes clear that basic requirements of effective treatment were unmet. By making a proper diagnosis, clarifying expectations and offering a suitable therapy, ineffective illness behaviour was diminished and this ‘difficult’ case became much easier for both patient and clinicians. The illness behaviour framework offers a useful, systematic tool to analyse difficulties between patients and clinicians beyond psychiatric symptoms or explanations.
Changes in soil bacterial community structure as a result of incorporation of Brassica plants compared with continuous planting eggplant and chemical disinfection in greenhouses

Greenhouse eggplant monocropping in China has contributed to the aggravation of soil-borne diseases, reductions in crop quality and yield, and the degradation of physical and chemical soil properties. Crop rotation is one effective way of alleviating the problems of continuous cropping worldwide; however, few studies have reported changes in soil bacterial community structures and physical and chemical soil properties after Brassica vegetables had been rotated with eggplant in greenhouses. In this experiment, mustard-eggplant (BFN) and oilseed rape-eggplant (BFC) rotations were studied to identify changes in the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure in soil that was previously subject to monocropping. Samples were taken after two types of Brassica plants incorporated into soil for 15 days to compare with continually planted eggplant (control, CN) and chemical disinfection of soil (CF) in greenhouses. MiSeq pyrosequencing was used to analyze soil bacterial diversity and structure in the four different treatments. A total of 55,129 reads were identified, and rarefaction analysis showed that the soil treatments were equally sampled. The bacterial richness of the BFC treatment and the diversity of the BFN treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. Further comparison showed that the bacterial community structures of BFC and BFN treatments were also different from CN and CF treatments. The relative abundance of several dominant bacterial genera in the BFC and BFN treatments (such as Flavobacteria, Stenotrophomonas, Massilia and Cellvibrio, which played different roles in improving soil fertility and advancing plant growth) was distinctly higher than the CN or CF treatments. Additionally, the total organic matter and Olsen-P content of the BFC and BFN treatments were significantly greater than the CN treatment. We conclude that Brassica vegetables-eggplant crop rotations could provide a more effective means of solving the problems of greenhouse eggplant monocultures.
The influence of employee emotional intelligence on coping with supervisor abuse in a banking context

Employee emotional intelligence (EI) was examined in relation to how it influences perceptions of abusive supervision (ASP), psychological distress (PD), and emotional labor burden (ELB). The sample consisted of 372 frontline bank employees in Taiwan. It was found that PD fully mediated the relationship between ASP and ELB, and EI moderated the relationship between ASP and ELB, weakening the relationship between ASP and ELB for employees with higher EI. PD also partially mediated the interaction of ASP and EI in the prediction of ELB. Practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are identified and discussed.
The State of Network Organization: A Survey in Three Frameworks

This article reviews the literature on network organizations and interprets explanations for its behaviors in terms of established analytical principles. Tools from computer science, economics, and sociology give three markedly different interpretations of its core attributes but they also settle on a handful of common themes. The proposed benefits are a clarification of what it means for an organization to be network structured, a few insights into its origins, and a suggestion of where the boundaries to some of its different forms might lie.
The Influence of praise on help-seeking behavior in young children

This dissertation investigated whether different forms of praise could affect the latency of help-seeking in young children. Two forms of praise were investigated: person- praise and process-praise. Previous research found that process-praise led to greater task persistence than person -praise. In experiment 1, four-year-old children were asked to solve a series of wooden jigsaw puzzles. The children received either person-praise or process-praise upon solving the first four puzzles. The children were then provided with incorrect, yet highly similar puzzle pieces for two subsequent puzzles to create experiences of failure. Results replicated previous task persistence findings, however no effect on help-seeking was found. It was postulated that the obviousness of providing incorrect puzzle pieces created inauthentic failure experiences. Experiment 2 sought to tease apart the results from experiment 1 by using stimuli that created genuine failure experiences. Results revealed that person-praise reduced the latency to seek help compared to process-praise when children experienced genuine failures. In addition, experiment 2 examined the generalization of the task persistence findings by using stimuli that were different from those used when the children were praised. Results revealed that the effects of praise on task persistence did not transfer to dissimilar tasks. Individual differences were also examined in both studies using parent reported temperament ratings. The temperament domain of effortful control moderated the influence of praise on help-seeking behavior in both studies. Results showed that the type of stimuli used influenced the interactions in different ways. These findings were the first to suggest that praise could influence help-seeking behavior in young children, but only after experiencing genuine failures. We discussed possible implications this finding has on the interpretation of previous research and proposed future studies to further examine the possible influences of praise on young children's adaptive learning strategies
Local Pharmacokinetic Analysis of a Stable Spin Probe in Mice by In Vivo L-band ESR with Surface-coil-type Resonators

In vivo ESR spectroscopy using a low frequency microwave of approximately 1 GHz has been developed to measure non-invasive ESR spectra in animals given paramagnetic compounds, in which a loop-gap-type resonator was used and ESR spectra were measured at the animal's head or abdomen. Therefore, the concentrations of paramagnetic species in both the blood and organs were compositely contributed to the spectra. When we understand the kinetics of paramagnetic species in detail, it is essentially important to know how these kinetics are expressed in each organ. For this purpose, a surface-coil-type resonator, which enabled local ESR measurement in specific organs, has been developed. By using this method, we studied the real-time pharmacokinetics of spin clearance curves detected in the organs of mice given 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-hydroxy-TEMPO) intravenously (i.v.), by monitoring the inferior vena cava, liver and kidney. Quantified clearance curves in the organs were analyzed on the basis of a two-compartment model, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated based on the curve-fitting. The obtained pharmacokinetic parameters were found to depend on the measurement site, and the distribution and elimination processes of the spin probe were successfully separated between the blood and organs of mice.
Tracking deformable parts via dynamic conditional random fields

Despite the success of many advanced tracking methods in this area, tracking targets with drastic variation of appearance such as deformation, view change and partial occlusion in video sequences is still a challenge in practical applications. In this paper, we take these serious tracking problems into account simultaneously, proposing a dynamic graph based model to track object and its deformable parts at multiple resolutions. The method introduces well learned structural object detection models into object tracking applications as prior knowledge to deal with deformation and view change. Meanwhile, it explicitly formulates partial occlusion by integrating spatial potentials and temporal potentials with an unparameterized occlusion handling mechanism in the dynamic conditional random field framework. Empirical results demonstrate that the method outperforms state-of-the-art trackers on different challenging video sequences.
NEETs versus EETs: an observational study in Italy on the framework of the HEALTH25 European project

An observational study of young Italian NEETs (not in education, employment or training) and their EET peers (in education, employment or training) was conducted in the framework of a European Union (EU) project. Main characteristics and behaviours were compared to gain insights into the NEET condition in Italy. The sample included 111 NEETs (males = 73) and 117 EETs (males = 106) aged 16 to 23 years, belonging to comparable socio-demographic backgrounds. A self-report questionnaire was prepared to gain general information and investigate psychological well-being and behaviours. Most of the sample reported good relationships with parents. Education level and addictive behaviours were significantly different between NEETs and EETs while psychological well-being was not significantly different in relation to thoughts of suicide, unpleasant thoughts, weakness in the morning and nervousness. The heterogeneity of NEETs and the role of socio-cultural background in their psychophysical discomfort were highlighted. However, differently from reported in the literature, NEET adolescents sampled in this study, particularly those without social or family problems, did not show higher percentages of health or psychological problems when compared to their peer EETs. Furthermore, NEETs did not focus on the problem of their status, which also reflects a vague idea of the future.
Traversable wormholes with arbitrarily small energy condition violations.

Traversable wormholes necessarily require violations of the averaged null energy condition, this being the definition of "exotic matter. " However, the theorems which guarantee the energy condition violation are remarkably silent when it comes to making quantitative statements regarding the "total amount" of energy condition violating matter in the spacetime. We develop a suitable measure for quantifying this notion and demonstrate the existence of spacetime geometries containing traversable wormholes that are supported by arbitrarily small quantities of exotic matter.
Recent developments for Pseudomonas vaccines

Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major health problem for immune-compromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis. A vaccine against P. aeruginosa has long been sought after, but is so far not available. Several vaccine candidates have been assessed in experimental animals and humans, which include sub-cellular fractions, capsule components, purified and recombinant proteins. Unique characteristics of the host and the pathogen have complicated the vaccine development. This review summarizes the current state of vaccine development for this ubiquitous pathogen, in particular to provide mucosal immunity against infections of the respiratory tract in susceptible individuals with cystic fibrosis.
Members' participation in local union activities: measurement, prediction, and replication

Past research on members'participation in union activities has been characterized by the lack of a psychometrically adequate criterion for participation and an exploratory focus on the correlates of participation. We report two studies addressing these issues. In the first study, we found that participation was best understood as a unidimensional and cumulative construct. Across three large data sets (ns = 229, 551, and 413), a Guttman scale model provided a good fit to the data. The scale demonstrated temporal reliability, and correlations with external criteria support the construct validity of the measure. In the second study, we formulated a model to predict members' participation on the basis of the theory of reasoned action and the partisan model of political participation
Excess Mcm2–7 license dormant origins of replication that can be used under conditions of replicative stress

In late mitosis and early G1, replication origins are licensed for subsequent use by loading complexes of the minichromosome maintenance proteins 2–7 (Mcm2–7). The number of Mcm2–7 complexes loaded onto DNA greatly exceeds the number of replication origins used during S phase, but the function of the excess Mcm2–7 is unknown. Using Xenopus laevis egg extracts, we show that these excess Mcm2–7 complexes license additional dormant origins that do not fire during unperturbed S phases because of suppression by a caffeine-sensitive checkpoint pathway. Use of these additional origins can allow complete genome replication in the presence of replication inhibitors. These results suggest that metazoan replication origins are actually comprised of several candidate origins, most of which normally remain dormant unless cells experience replicative stress. Consistent with this model, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that partial RNAi-based knockdown of MCMs that has no observable effect under normal conditions causes lethality upon treatment with low, otherwise nontoxic, levels of the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea.
Word order and information structure in Czech 3- and 4-year-olds’ comprehension

This article reports on an experiment that examined the comprehension of transitive sentences in Czech children and its relationship to case marking, word order and information structure. A total of 107 Czech children aged 2;9–4;5 were tested for comprehension of noun-verb-noun sentences in which word order and given-new status of individual nouns were manipulated. The results confirmed that noncanonical, object-initial sentences are generally more difficult to comprehend than sentences with the standard word order, but that many children can interpret noncanonical sentences before 4 years of age. Information structure did not have any clear effect on sentence comprehension. Overall, the results indicate that children have some abstract knowledge of word order and case marking when they first show evidence of transitive sentence comprehension, but initially they cannot use this knowledge when word order and case marking signal conflicting interpretations. Information structure is not a major factor in early sentence comprehension.
Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Foot and Ankle Surgery

ABSTRACT Bone grafting is an important tool for filling osseous defects in foot and ankle procedures. Many alternatives exist for use by the surgeon, each with their own risks and benefits. Two adjunctive materials available for use to enhance the effects of these grafts are platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. We have developed an algorithm for use of each based on a cell proliferation triangle. Both materials have shown positive results in basic science and clinical studies and show promise as safe and cost-effective alternatives to augment bone healing.
The Globus Replica Location Service: Design and Experience

Distributed computing systems employ replication to improve overall system robustness, scalability, and performance. A replica location service (RLS) offers a mechanism to maintain and provide information about physical locations of replicas. This paper defines a design framework for RLSs that supports a variety of deployment options. We describe the RLS implementation that is distributed with the Globus toolkit and is in production use in several grid deployments. Features of our modular implementation include the use of soft-state protocols to populate a distributed index and Bloom filter compression to reduce overheads for distribution of index information. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that the RLS implementation scales well for individual servers with millions of entries and up to 100 clients. We describe the characteristics of existing RLS deployments and discuss how RLS has been integrated with higher-level data management services.
Political Participation of Young People in East Germany

The paper presents key findings of a three‐year longitudinal study of political participation. Drawing on the distinction between conventional and unconventional political participation, the study focused on grammar school students in the Land Brandenburg between the ages of 16 and 18 in order to determine how political behaviour develops and which forms of political participation prevail. While political interest among young east Germans remains comparatively low, it increased over time and respondents in the older age groups were more likely to opt for conventional forms of participation (voting) than younger ones. Friends and parents played a key part in political socialisation. The inclination to use violence was closely linked to clique membership but pertained only to a minority of young people. The study also found interesting gender differences concerning policy issues and patterns of political participation.
Mitigation of thermal fatigue failure in fully underfilled lead-free array-based package assemblies using partial underfills

A design of experiments was conducted to determine the thermal cycling reliability of full and partial capillary flow underfilled lead-free chip scale packages (CSPs), the tests were carried out based on the JEDEC JESD22-A104C standard. Two kinds of representative fast cure and reworkable underfill materials are used in this study, and CSPs without underfill were also tested for comparison. The test results show that both two underfill materials reduce the thermal cycling reliability of CSP assemblies. The underfill with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage modulus yielded better performance, of course, the CTE is also very critical to the thermomechanical fatigue performance, but its effects is not so obvious in this study due to the similar CTE of used underfills. In addition, the negative effect of partial underfill is smaller than that of full underfill. Failure analysis shows that the dominant failure mode observed is solder cracking near package and/or PCB pads.