Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Sensitivity to Temporal Grouping Effects in Short-term Memory

Four experiments investigate developmental changes in the effect of providing time-based cues to lists for immediate recall. Data both provide a context for adult research and have implications for children’s memory processes. Sets of letters (Experiments 1-3) or numbers (Experiment 4) were presented to children with either regular inter-item temporal intervals (ungrouped lists) or pauses to segment sets (grouped lists). Experiment 1 indicated a developmental shift between 4 and 8 years of age, with an increasing recall bene”t from temporal group structure for visually presented ”xed-length lists. Experiment 2 confirmed the developmental shift with visual presentation using a span procedure, with sensitivity to temporal grouping becoming apparent by the age of 8 years. Experiments 3 and 4 revealed a similar developmental pattern with a span procedure using auditory stimuli. In summary, children capitalise on pauses in visual and auditory material at approximately the same age. There was no evidence that auditory presentation induces a fundamentally different grouping process or precocious strategy use, contrary to some previous accounts. Data are most consistent with the argument that grouping is a relatively late-developing, strategic process.
Degree of Closeness: Does it Affect the Bereaved's Attitudes toward Selected Funeral Practices?

This research project investigated the attitudes of bereaved individuals toward selected funeral practices. Six selected variables (three characteristics of the bereaved and three conditions of the death situation) were correlated to nineteen components of the funeral. The characteristics were sex, closeness to the deceased, and religious preference; the conditions were timing of the death, viewing at the funeral home and location of the funeral service. In this study, closeness of relationship to the deceased emerged as a significant variable in assessing attitudes toward certain funeral practices. The intent of this article is to present and discuss the empirical data related to this variable.
Seizures in Women with Preeclampsia: Mechanisms and Management.

Eclampsia is currently defined in the obstetrical literature as the occurrence of unexplained seizure during pregnancy in a woman with preeclampsia.1,2 In the Western world, the incidence of eclampsia is ~1 in 2000 to 1 in 3000 pregnancies3–5, but the incidence is 10-fold higher than that in tertiary referral centers and undeveloped countries where there is poor prenatal care, and in multi-fetal gestations.6,7 Eclampsia is associated with high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.3,8,9 Nearly 1 in 50 women with eclampsia die as do 1 in 14 of their offspring, and mortality rates are considerably higher in undeveloped countries.3,8,9 Eclampsia is also associated with significant life-threatening complications, including neurological events. In the brain, seizure can cause stroke, hemorrhage, edema and brain herniation acutely,10–13 but also predisposes to epilepsy and cognitive impairment later in life.13,14 Preeclampsia by definition is a prodrome for eclampsia, making hypertension and proteinuria prerequisite for seizure during pregnancy. However, women who develop eclampsia exhibit a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms ranging from severe hypertension and proteinuria to mild or absent hypertension with no proteinuria.6,9,15 In a study of 53 pregnancies complicated by eclampsia, only 7 women (13%) could be considered to have severe preeclampsia prior to seizure.15 A similar result was found in a study in the United Kingdom in which high blood pressure (≥120 mmHg diastolic) was recorded in only 20% of patients with eclampsia.3 The findings that a fair number of women with eclampsia do not have the clinical definition of hypertension or proteinuria suggests that eclampsia is not always a progression from severe preeclamptic disease to seizure (eclampsia). While this alternative view of the eclamptic seizure was presented over 10 years ago, there has been little progress in understanding the underlying cause of eclampsia.3 Eclampsia remains a significant life-threatening complication of pregnancy, yet there are no reliable tests or symptoms for predicting the development of seizure. In addition, while magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the primary treatment of preeclamptic women for prevention of eclampsia, its use is controversial because of potential serious side effects including areflexia and respiratory distress.16–19 Thus, eclampsia is difficult to predict and treat likely because of our lack of understanding of its underlying cause. This review will highlight our current understanding of how pregnancy and preeclampsia affect the brain and cerebral circulation that could promote neuronal excitability (seizure) and ways in which to manage seizure in preeclamptic women during pregnancy and preeclampsia.
Interactive localized liquid motion editing

Animation techniques for controlling liquid simulation are challenging: they commonly require carefully setting initial and boundary conditions or performing a costly numerical optimization scheme against user-provided keyframes or animation sequences. Either way, the whole process is laborious and computationally expensive. We introduce a novel method to provide intuitive and interactive control of liquid simulation. Our method enables a user to locally edit selected keyframes and automatically propagates the editing in a nearby temporal region using geometric deformation. We formulate our local editing techniques as a small-scale nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved interactively. With this uniformed formulation, we propose three editing metaphors, including (i) sketching local fluid features using a few user strokes, (ii) dragging a local fluid region, and (iii) controlling a local shape with a small mesh patch. Finally, we use the edited liquid animation to guide an offline high-resolution simulation to recover more surface details. We demonstrate the intuitiveness and efficacy of our method in various practical scenarios.
Comparison Between Sexes of Bone Contusions and Meniscal Tear Patterns in Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Background: Valgus load has been linked to female predominance and mechanism for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reporting frequent medial contusions in noncontact ACL injuries suggest anterior translation rather than a valgus mechanism. Hypothesis: Bone contusion and meniscal tear patterns differ between sexes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study included a review of clinic notes, operative reports, and MRI of patients younger than 20 years who underwent acute primary ACL reconstruction for a noncontact injury between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010. A blinded musculoskeletal MRI radiologist reported the incidence of medial and lateral femoral and tibial bone contusions on MRI, as well as the severity of medial versus lateral tibial contusions. The location of the bone contusions and meniscal tears and the maximal tibial contusion severity were compared through chi-square analysis (statistical significance, P < .05). Results: A total of 73 patients met inclusion criteria: 28 males, 45 females; mean age, 16.1 ± 1.7 years (males), 16.5 ± 1.7 years (females). No significant differences were noted between sexes for location of tibial contusions (P = .32), femoral contusions (P = .44), or meniscal tears (P = .715). The most common tibial contusion pattern was to have both medial and lateral tibial contusions, in both male (57%) and female (60%) patients. The most common femoral contusion pattern was lateral only in females (62%) and both medial and lateral in males (50%). The percentage of female (29%) and male (29%) patients with isolated medial meniscal tears was nearly identical. More males (29%) than females (18%) had isolated lateral meniscal tears (P = .72). No significant difference in the relative severity of the tibial contusions was noted (P = .246). The lateral tibial contusion was rated as being more severe than the medial in the majority of females (64%) and males (57%). Conclusion: No significant differences were detected between sexes with noncontact ACL injuries for location of tibial or femoral contusions or meniscal tears or for severity of medial versus lateral tibial contusions. The MRI data were not consistent with the valgus collapse mechanism of injury.
Students' performance in practical chemistry: A study of some related factors

This study examined the influence of selected factors on students' performance in practical chemistry. Twelve factors were extracted by principal component analysis. These factors accounted for 64% of the variance of the scores in practical chemistry when stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied on the data. Students' participation in laboratory activities made the greatest independent contribution to the variance in performance (0.16), followed by students' attitude to chemistry as a subject (0.11), teachers attitude to chemistry laboratory work (0.10), and availability of chemistry laboratory materials (0.08). School location, sex of the student, and students' fear of explosion and of damaging expensive equipment made nonsignificant contributions. The implications of the findings of the study for instruction in chemistry are discussed.
Problem-solving approach to agraphia treatment: Interactive use of lexical and sublexical spelling routes

Two patients with acquired spelling impairments due to left hemisphere brain damage participated in a treatment protocol to improve their written spelling. Prior to the initiation of writing treatment, both patients showed some ability to take advantage of sound-to-letter correspondences that resulted in phonologically plausible spelling errors. A homework-based treatment was implemented to improve their ability to resolve spelling errors by increased reliance on phoneme-tographeme conversion, self-correction, and use of an electronic speller. Both patients improved their spelling abilities and provided evidence of interactive use of partially spared lexical and sublexical spelling routes to resolve their spelling difficulties.
Development of a Cyber/Information Technology Knowledge Test for Military Enlisted Technical Training Qualification

An Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Review Panel, with expertise in personnel selection, job classification, psychometrics, and cognitive psychology developed recommendations for changes to the military enlistment test battery. One recommendation was to develop and evaluate a test of cyber/information and communications technology literacy to supplement current ASVAB content. This article summarizes a multiphased Cyber Test development process: (a) a review of information/computer technology literacy definitions and measures, (b) development and pilot testing of a cyber knowledge measure, (c) validation of test scores against final school grades (FSGs) for selected technical training courses, (d) development of an operational reporting metric and subgroup norms, and (e) examination of construct validity. Results indicate the Cyber Test has predictive validity versus technical training school grades and incremental validity comparable to the ASVAB technical knowledge tests when used with the ASVAB Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) verbal/math composite as a baseline.
Work Flow Analysis: Eliminating Non–Value-Added Work

Objective: To evaluate the impact of implemented work environment changes on nursing and support staff roles. Background: In 1999, the authors identified key drivers of unnecessary work associated with the day-to-day delivery of patient care in their institution and implemented changes based on their results. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Work sampling and focus groups were used to evaluate work flow. Activity categories were identified and clearly defined by advanced practice nurses. All compiled data were subsequently synthesized and cross-checked with the information acquired through independent, multidisciplinary validation studies. Results: There were significant changes (P <.0001) noted in overall distribution of observed activities for nurses and all support staff. Conclusions: The significant changes noted in overall distribution of observed activities reflect the important adjustments made in both job descriptions and the environment to eliminate key drivers of unnecessary work in the delivery of patient care.
Topographical anatomy of the suprascapular nerve and vessels at the suprascapular notch

Suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) causes pain, and limitation of motion in the shoulder. To relieve these symptoms, suprascapular nerve decompression is performed through the resection of STSL. To describe and classify the topographic anatomy of the suprascapular notch, 103 cadaveric shoulders were dissected. The mean length and width of STSLs were 11.2 and 3.4 mm, respectively. The bony bridges replacing STSL in four shoulders were 8.2 mm long and 3.5 mm wide on average. The suprascapular nerve always ran through the notch under the STSL. All shoulders had a single suprascapular artery, while multiple suprascapular veins appeared in 21.3%. The arrangement of the suprascapular vessels was classified into three types: in Type I (59.4%), all suprascapular vessels ran over the STSL; in Type II (29.7%), the vessels ran over and under the STSL simultaneously; in Type III (10.9%), all vessels ran under the STSL. In 48.9% of cadavers, these types were bilaterally matched. The omohyoid muscle originated distantly from the STSL in 38.0%, was adjacent to it in 44.0%, and was partially over the STSL in 18.0%. The number of suprascapular vessels running under the STSL was positively correlated with the size of the STSL and the middle diameter of the suprascapular notch. Age was inversely correlated with the length of STSL. The STSL was wider in males than in females. This study provides details of the structural variations in the region of the suprascapular notch. Clin. Anat. 25:359–365, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Level stripping for degree 2 Siegel modular forms

In this paper, we consider stripping primes from the level of degree 2 cuspidal Siegel eigenforms. Specifically, given an eigenform of level N r under certain restrictions, where N is a prime, we construct an eigenform of level N , which is congruent in eigenvalues to our original form. To obtain our results, we use constructions of Eisenstein series and theta functions to adapt ideas from a level stripping result on elliptic modular forms.
The use of radiotelemetry to assess the time needed to acclimatize guineapigs following several hours of ground transport

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ground transportation on guineapigs. Physiological parameters, i.e. heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT) and activity (ACT), were measured before and after transport, using previously implanted radiotelemetry transmitters. Body weight was measured before and after transport. After a postsurgical recovery period and data recording at the breeder's facility, the animals were transported for 2.25 h (Group 1) and for 7.5 h (Group 2) to a different animal facility. Data collection started immediately after arrival at the second animal facility. All parameters measured changed significantly after transport. These results suggest that a 10- to 12-day period is required for guineapigs to return to pre-transport levels of HR, BT and ACT.
The Beauty of Other Lives: Material Culture as Evidence of Human Ingenuity and Agency

Elementary students are often hampered by a tendency to ascribe innovation to increasing human intelligence or individual agency rather than increased information, better access to information, or collective and institutional agency. As a result, they struggle to build evidence-based interpretations of the distant past. A fifth-grade “experimental archaeology” approach to studying ancient Eastern Woodlands Indians served as an intellectual tipping point in students' interpreting ancient people's intellect, ingenuity, and agency. As fifth-graders participated in a field-based experience with chaîne opératoire (the sequence of operations) for tools and technologies, classroom-based opportunities to consider material objects as primary sources, and opportunities for reflection, they confirmed the power of “engaged understanding” in supporting the humanistic and civic goals of social studies.
Unraveling Effects of Novelty on Creativity

Novelty is inherent to creative processes. A positive effect of novelty on creative task performance was therefore predicted. However, creativity can benefit from divergent, as well as convergent thinking. Subsequently, novelty may benefit creative performance when divergent thinking is required, but it could inhibit creative performance when convergent thinking is required. In Study 1, participants were primed with novelty or familiarity, and performed a creativity task that required divergent thinking. Results showed a beneficial effect of novelty priming on originality of the answers. In Study 2, a creativity task that required convergent thinking was framed as novel, familiar, or neutral. Results showed an inhibitory effect of novelty on creativity. Results are related to information processing styles, and implications for creativity and novelty research are discussed.
Hegemony and Homogeneity

This article explores the relevance of hegemony theory to choices of sperm donors made by Jewish Israeli recipients of donor insemination (DI). The context is the objectification of ‘the Natural’ through hegemonic images of mass consumption. The study, which was conducted in a major Israeli hospital, examined physiological features (height, eye colour, skin colour) of the most popular donors. In the highly familistic society of Israel, recipients’ choices conformed to images of their own ‘natural family’. Within the limits of the family’s looks, choices revealed a convergence of specific type of physiognomy - that of the hegemonic Ashkenazi man. While recipients tended to reproduce their own appearance they often ‘compromised’ it towards the kind of looks constructed as desirable in the mass media. The choice of donors by DI recipients presents an extreme case in which people construct their own family by incorporating hegemonic ideals of mass consumption.
Dynamics of cytokinins in apical shoot meristems of a day-neutral tobacco during floral transition and flower formation

This study considered cytokinin distribution in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) shoot apices in distinct phases of development using immunocytochemistry and quantitative tandem mass spectrometry. In contrast to vegetative apices and flower buds, we detected no free cytokinin bases (zeatin, dihydrozeatin, or isopentenyladenine) in prefloral transition apices. We also observed a 3-fold decrease in the content of cytokinin ribosides (zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin riboside, and isopentenyladenosine) during this transition phase. The group concluded that organ formation (e.g. leaves and flowers) is characterized by enhanced cytokinin content, in contrast to the very low endogenous cytokinin levels found in prefloral transition apices, which showed no organogenesis. The immunocytochemical analyses revealed a differing intracellular localization of the cytokinin bases. Dihydrozeatin and isopentenyladenine were mainly cytoplasmic and perinuclear, whereas zeatin showed a clear-cut nuclear labeling. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this phenomenon has been reported. Cytokinins do not seem to act as positive effectors in the prefloral transition phase in tobacco shoot apices. Furthermore, the differences in distribution at the cellular level may be indicative of a specific physiological role of zeatin in nuclear processes.
Increased serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in patients with systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHOD Serum samples from 80 patients with SSc and 20 healthy control subjects were examined by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The serum levels of sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin were significantly higher in the patients with SSc than in the healthy controls. The serum levels of sVCAM-1 were correlated with the presence of pulmonary fibrosis, joint involvement and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels. The serum levels of sE-selectin were correlated with the presence of pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that endothelial activation is involved in the development of this disease.
Impact of Psychological Ownership on the Performance of Business School Lecturers

The purpose of the present article is to investigate the impact of psychological ownership, job performance, job commitment, and job satisfaction among business school lecturers of public universities in Malaysia. As psychological ownership is a relatively new concept, the present study expands the use of it in a different setting. Based on the correlation analysis, it was found that psychological ownership had significant and positive relations with job commitment, job satisfaction, and performance. The findings of the present study can help the management of universities select the lecturers with a right attitude and provide them with a right environment to perform better.
Perplexity Minimization for Translation Model Domain Adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation

We investigate the problem of domain adaptation for parallel data in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). While techniques for domain adaptation of monolingual data can be borrowed for parallel data, we explore conceptual differences between translation model and language model domain adaptation and their effect on performance, such as the fact that translation models typically consist of several features that have different characteristics and can be optimized separately. We also explore adapting multiple (4-10) data sets with no a priori distinction between in-domain and out-of-domain data except for an in-domain development set.
Autoimmune endocrinopathies 5 Autoimmune disease of the adrenal cortex, pituitary, parathyroid glands and gastric mucosa

Over the past several years, our laboratory has been interested in characterizing autoantigens in the adrenal cortex and the stomach. In this paper, we discuss in some detail the current knowledge in this field, We also review observations made by other investigators of autoimmune diseases of the pituitary and parathyroid glands. As can be seen, the presumed immunological target structures in these latter organs remain to be elucidated.
Distinguished representations, base change, and reducibility for unitary groups

We show the equality of the local Asai L-functions defined via the Rankin-Selberg method and the Langlands-Shahidi method for a square-integrable representation of GL n (E). As a consequence, we characterize reducibility of certain induced representations of U(n,n), and the image of the base change map from U(n) to GL n (E) in terms of GL n (F)-distinguishedness. We also determine precisely when the Steinberg representation of GL n (E) is distinguished with respect to a character of F ∗ .