Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling of 3 D hard turning using arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method

In this paper, 3D Finite Element Method (FEM)-based numerical modelling of precision hard turning has been studied to investigate the effects of chamfered edge geometry on tool forces, temperatures and stresses in machining of AISI 52100 steel using low-grade Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitrite (PCBN) inserts. An Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE)-based numerical modelling is employed for 3D precision hard turning. The Johnson-Cook plasticity model is used to describe the work material behaviour. A detailed friction modelling at the tool-chip and tool-work interfaces is also carried. Work material flow around the chamfer geometry of the cutting edge is carefully modelled with adaptive meshing simulation capability. In process simulations, feed rate and cutting speed were kept constant and analysis was focused on forces, temperatures and tool stresses. Results revealed good agreements between FEM results and those reported in literature about experimental ones.
Comparison of patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea through community screening with those self-presenting to the genitourinary medicine clinic

Objectives To compare the clinical, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals diagnosed with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in the community using a concomitant nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT, AptimaCombo2) as part of the (community-based) UK Chlamydia Screening Programme (CSP), with those diagnosed in hospital-based genitourinary medicine (GUM) services. Design A retrospective case note review of all 643 patients treated for NG at a GUM in north west England (January 2007–April 2009). Participants All 643 treated for NG (including CSP cases, since all cases were referred to GUM for treatment). Limited data were available for 13 CSP cases who failed to attend GUM. Primary outcome measure Whether the case was detected in the community or GUM services. Predictors were demographics (age, gender, postcode for deprivation analysis), sexual history (eg, number of partners) and clinical factors (eg, culture positivity). Results 131 cases were diagnosed by CSP (13 of whom did not attend GUM). A further four cases were contacts of these. The GUM caseload was thus inflated by 23% (from 521 to 643). Community cases were overwhelmingly female (85% vs 27% in GUM, p<0.001) and younger (87% females were <25 years vs 70% GUM females, p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis restricted to the target age of the CSP (<25 years) revealed that CSP cases, compared with GUM cases, were more likely to reside in deprived areas (adjusted OR=5.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 21.8 and 5.3, CI 1.7 to 16.6 for the most and second most deprived group respectively, compared with the averagely deprived group, p=0.037) and be asymptomatic (adjusted OR=1.9, CI 1.1 to 3.4, p=0.02). Conclusions Community screening for NG led to a 79% increase in the number of infections detected in women aged <25 years. Screening is targeted at young people, and tends to disproportionately attract young women, a group under-represented at GUM. Screening also contributed further to case detection in deprived areas.
The art of not seeing like a state. On the ideology of “informality”

Abstract The concept of “informality” was introduced by anthropologist Keith Hart in the 1970s to point to the economic significance of unregistered labour practices in Ghana. It constitutes an attempt to create a dialogue between anthropology’s local perspective and the state-centered theoretical framework of established social science and economics models derived primarily from the study and common sense of modern, Western society. The concept of “informality” can only be so successful because it accepts the basic premises and implicit ideology of the state-centered discourse it enters into. The concept tacitly acknowledges the analytically subordination of practices not bureaucratically registered. Stressing the importance of practices outside state registration and bureaucratic organisation in a wider interdisciplinary discourse remains valuable and much needed. Therefore the concept of “informality” rightfully continues to receive much attention. Yet, when it’s ideological baggage and analytical limitations are not recognized and reflected the concept becomes a contributing force in the ongoing naturalization of state power hegemony, global bureaucratization and the de-legitimization of non-state, non-bureaucratic modes of organization.
Sciatica : studies of symptoms, genetic factors, and treatment with periradicular infiltration

The nature of symptoms and signs of sciatica, genetic factors, and efficacy of periradicular infiltration were studied in 160 nonoperated patients with unilateral sciatica of 3 to 28 weeks duration. Back and leg pain (100-mm VAS), disability (Oswestry), and quality-of-life (NHP) were evaluated. ENMG and 1.5-T MRI were performed on every patient. Presence of the Trp2 and Trp3 alleles of collagen IX was determined from blood samples. After informed consent, patients were randomized for periradicular infiltration with either methylprednisolone–bupivacaine, or saline. The final follow-up assessment was 1 year after the intervention. Economic analysis was based on data gathered from the patients, medical records and the National Insurance Register. At baseline, symptoms of sciatica did not correlate with the type of displacement of the symptomatic disc in MRI, or the presence of the Trp2 or Trp3 alleles. In the case of the Trp2 allele, there was a non-significant tendency for the presence of a radial tear at the L4–5 level. A significant genotype-phenotype association was found for the Trp3 allele: 15 of 34 (44%) patients with the Trp3 allele were positive for thoracolumbar Scheuermann’s disease in MRI compared to 19% for sciatic patients without the allele (p = 0.003). Periradicular infiltration with methylprednisolone–bupivacaine produced a significant treatment effect compared to saline at 2 weeks for leg pain, straight leg raising, lumbar flexion and patient satisfaction. At 6 months, saline was superior to steroid in back and leg pain. By 1 year, 18 patients in the methylprednisolone group and 15 in the saline group had received surgical treatment. Subgroup analysis revealed that the short-term effect of the steroid treatment was most pronounced for contained herniations and symptomatic lesions situated at the L4–5 (or L3–4) disc level. Patients with a contained herniation were less likely to undergo back surgery when receiving the steroid treatment and they also had significantly fewer days on sick leave from 3 to 6 months. Counter-effectiveness was most pronounced for extrusions. The results indicate that disability among sciatic patients may be present even when MRI findings are minor; and vice versa, prominent MRI findings may not associate with any symptoms. However, MRI seems to be useful for identifying patients with the Trp3 allele. On the basis of the treatment intervention results, periradicular infiltration with a combination of steroid and anaesthetic may be recommended for sciatica as it offers at least short-term pain relief. Furthermore, in the case of contained herniations the steroid injection is cost-effective and may also prevent surgery. However, this subgroup analysis calls for a verification study.
You haven’t been on my mind lately

Sexual desire between romantic partners tends to decrease over time. A decrease in frequency of dyadic fantasies and an increase in frequency of extradyadic fantasies are typical manifestations of this process. The present diary study adopted an attachment-theoretical perspective to better understand why some people are less likely to fantasize about their partners. Both members of 100 romantic couples completed measures of relationship-specific insecurities, partner responsiveness, and frequency of sexual fantasies every evening for 42 days. Results showed that attachment insecurities were associated with lower frequency of dyadic fantasies. Partner responsiveness mediated these associations, such that attachment insecurities were associated with perceiving partners as less responsive, which, in turn, predicted lower frequency of dyadic fantasies. Men’s avoidance predicted higher frequency of extradyadic fantasies. These findings demonstrated the role of responsiveness in sustaining desire, suggesting that attachment insecurities bias people to perceive their partner as less responsive, thereby hampering sexual desire.
Optimal decay rates and global existence for a semilinear Timoshenko system with two damping effects

In this paper, we study a semilinear Timoshenko system having two damping effects. The observation that two damping effects might lead to smaller decay rates for solutions in comparison with one damping effect is rigorously proved here in providing optimality results. Moreover, the global well‐posedness for small data in a low regularity class is presented for a larger class of nonlinearities than previously known and proved by a simpler approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments

Weak instruments arise when the instruments in linear instrumental variables (IV) regression are weakly correlated with the included endogenous variables. In generalized method of moments (GMM), more generally, weak instruments correspond to weak identification of some or all of the unknown parameters. Weak identification leads to GMM statistics with nonnormal distributions, even in large samples, so that conventional IV or GMM inferences are misleading. Fortunately, various procedures are now available for detecting and handling weak instruments in the linear IV model and, to a lesser degree, in nonlinear GMM.
Hardware Trust through Layout Filling: A Hardware Trojan Prevention Technique

The insertion of malicious alterations to a circuit, referred to as Hardware Trojans, is a threat considered more and more seriously during the last years. Numerous methods have been proposed in the literature to detect the presence of such alterations. More recently, Design-for-Hardware-Trust (DfHT) methods have been proposed, that enhance the design of the circuit in order to incorporate features that can either prevent the insertion of a HT or that can help detection methods. This paper focuses on a HT prevention technique that aims at creating a layout without filler cells, which are assumed to provide a great opportunity for HT insertion, in order to make the insertion of a HT in a layout as difficult as possible.
Impact of Credit Events on Treasury Securities Prices and Liquidity

In this paper we study the impact of unscheduled international credit events in emerging markets on the prices and liquidity of the U.S. treasury markets. We examine the reaction of the yields of U.S. treasury securities to credit events using a credit-event indicator model with GARCH effects and find that the largest price decline occurs in the ten-year treasury notes. For the liquidity effects, we examine the behavior of the components of the bid-ask spread of treasury bonds to credit events. There is an increase in adverse selection cost of thirty-year treasury bonds during such events. JEL Classification: C22, C32, E43, G15.
Plate and Prejudice: Gender Differences in Online Cooking

Historically, there have always been differences in how men and women cook or eat. The reasons for this gender divide have mostly gone in Western culture, but still there is qualitative and anecdotal evidence that men prefer heftier food, that women take care of everyday cooking, and that men cook to impress. In this paper, we show that these differences can also quantitatively be observed in a large dataset of almost 200 thousand members of an online recipe community. Further, we show that, using a set of 88 features, the gender of the cooks can be predicted with fairly good accuracy of 75%, with preference for particular dishes, the use of spices and the use of kitchen utensils being the strongest predictors. Finally, we show the positive impact of our results on online food recipe recommender systems that take gender information into account.
Genetic polymorphism in CD14 gene, a co-receptor of TLR4 associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To evaluate the pathogenic role of toll-like receptor (TLR) gene polymorphisms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Two hundred and fifty subjects (NAFLD = 200, healthy volunteers = 50) underwent polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism to assess one polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene (A753G), two polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene (TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile allele), and two polymorphisms in the cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) (C-159T and C-550T) gene, a co-receptor of TLR4. Association of TLR gene polymorphisms with NAFLD and its severity was evaluated by genetic models of association. RESULTS On both multiplicative and recessive models of gene polymorphism association, there was significant association of CD14 C (-159) T polymorphism with NAFLD; patients with TT genotype had a 2.6 fold increased risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to CC genotype. There was no association of TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, and CD14 C (-550) T polymorphisms with NAFLD. None of the TLR gene polymorphisms had an association with histological severity of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Patients with CD14 C (-159) T gene polymorphism, a co-receptor of TLR4, have an increased risk of NAFLD development.
DEPRESSION—A STUDY OF 80 CASES*

SUMMARY The present study refers to an analysis of eighty cases of depression. The annual incidence in our psychiatric population ranges from 17-20% of all the new psychiatric cases. The peak incidence was observed in the age group of 26—45 years, without any particular affinity to either sex. 83.8% of our sample were married and those hailing from nuclear families formed the larger proportion (58.75%). Somatic symptoms were the predominant presenting complaint in 61.3% of our patients. Another noteworthy observation was significant number of depressives harboured guilt feelings (76.3%) and suicidal ideas (73.8%). Other findings are also discussed.
Small Count Privacy and Large Count Utility in Data Publishing

While the introduction of differential privacy has been a major breakthrough in the study of privacy preserving data publication, some recent work has pointed out a number of cases where it is not possible to limit inference about individuals. The dilemma that is intrinsic in the problem is the simultaneous requirement of data utility in the published data. Differential privacy does not aim to protect information about an individual that can be uncovered even without the participation of the individual. However, this lack of coverage may violate the principle of individual privacy. Here we propose a solution by providing protection to sensitive information, by which we refer to the answers for aggregate queries with small counts. Previous works based on $\ell$-diversity can be seen as providing a special form of this kind of protection. Our method is developed with another goal which is to provide differential privacy guarantee, and for that we introduce a more refined form of differential privacy to deal with certain practical issues. Our empirical studies show that our method can preserve better utilities than a number of state-of-the-art methods although these methods do not provide the protections that we provide.
Divisibility sequences of polynomials and heights estimates

In this note we compute a constant $N$ that bounds the number of non--primitive divisors in elliptic divisibility sequences over function fields of any characteristic. We improve a result of Ingram--Mah{e}--Silverman--Stange--Streng, 2012, and we show that the constant can be chosen independently of the specific point and to some extent of the specific curve, as predicted in loc. cit.
Do employers in Myanmar prefer workers who accumulated skills in more advanced countries? Evidence from a field experiment

I conducted an audit study in Yangon, Myanmar, to examine the effects of foreign labor market experience on employment outcomes in the Myanmar labor market focusing on three skilled occupation groups—software developer, accountant, and engineer—which combined account for more than 80% of all professional and technical job openings. I find heterogeneous effects by employer type (local, foreigner), occupation (software developer, accountant, engineer), and foreign country where such experience was accumulated (Singapore, Malaysia). In particular, I find a large and significant effect for software developers who accumulated experience in Singapore and no significant effect for the same experience accumulated in Malaysia; the Singapore effect is mainly due to foreign employers operating in Myanmar. In contrast, I find no significant effects of foreign experience for accountants and engineers. This is true for both the Singapore and Malaysia experiences, as well as for local and foreign employers.JEL Classification: O15, J01, F22
When does “liking” a charity lead to donation behaviour?: exploring conspicuous donation behaviour on social media platforms

Purpose This study investigates the relationship between young people’s Conspicuous Donation Behaviour (CDB) on social media platforms and their offline donation behaviour, specifically intentions to donate and volunteer time. It also explores materialism, self-esteem and self-monitoring as CDB trait antecedents, as a form of conspicuous consumption on social media. Finally, it considers the influence of altruism on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted of regular Facebook users mentioning a charity brand on Facebook in the past year. Data from 234 participants was analysed and hypotheses tested using structural equation modeling. Findings Results confirm two forms of CDB – self and other-oriented. Materialistic consumers are more likely to engage in both forms of CDB on Facebook. High self-esteem increases self-oriented CDB; high self-monitoring increases other-oriented CDB. Self-oriented CDB is positively associated with donation intentions, but other-oriented CDB is ne.
Computational Study on the Performance of Si Nanowire pMOSFETs Based on the $k \cdot p$ Method

Full-quantum device simulations on p-type Si nanowire field-effect transistors based on the k · p method, using the k ·p parameters tuned against the sp3s* tight-binding method, are carried out. Full transport calculations from both methods agree reasonably well, and the spin-orbit coupling effect is found to be negligible in the final current-voltage characteristics. Use of the highly efficient simulator based on the 3 × 3 k ·p Hamiltonian is therefore justified, and simulations of nanowire devices with cross sections from 3 × 3 nm2 up to 10 × 10 nm2 are performed. The subthreshold characteristics, threshold voltages, and ON-state currents for the three respective transport directions of the [100], [110], and [111] directions are examined. The device characteristics for the [110] and [111] directions are quite similar in every respect, and the [100] direction has the advantage with regard to the subthreshold behavior when the channel length is aggressively scaled down. The on-current magnitudes for the three respective orientations do not differ much, although the on-current in the [100] direction is a little smaller, compared with that in the other two directions when the channel width becomes smaller. An uncoupled mode space approach has been used to determine the contributions from individual heavy and light hole subbands, enabling an insightful analysis of the device characteristics.
Age-related changes to the neural correlates of social evaluation

Recent work suggests the existence of a specialized neural system underlying social processing that may be relatively spared with age, unlike pervasive aging-related decline occurring in many cognitive domains. We investigated how neural mechanisms underlying social evaluation are engaged with age, and how age-related changes to socioemotional goals affect recruitment of regions within this network. In a functional MRI study, 15 young and 15 older adults formed behavior-based impressions of individuals. They also responded to a prompt that was interpersonally meaningful, social but interpersonally irrelevant, or non-social. Both age groups engaged regions implicated in mentalizing and impression formation when making social relative to non-social evaluations, including dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortices, precuneus, and temporoparietal junction. Older adults had increased activation over young in right temporal pole when making social relative to non-social evaluations, suggesting reliance on past experiences when evaluating others. Young adults had greater activation than old in posterior cingulate gyrus when making interpersonally irrelevant, compared to interpersonally meaningful, evaluations, potentially reflecting enhanced valuation of this information. The findings demonstrate the age-related preservation of the neural correlates underlying social evaluation, and suggest that functioning in these regions might be mediated by age-related changes in socioemotional goals.
Effects of Parental Contextual Influences on Adolescent Career Aspirations and Career Actions in a Collectivist Cultural Setting

Using a series of three studies, this research program had three objectives: (1) to develop a new measure to assess congruence between parents and their adolescents regarding career matters, (2) to test the cross-sectional associations between selected proximal parental contextual variables (i.e., parental career expectations and adolescent-parent career congruence) and career aspirations and career actions of planning and exploration within the social cognitive career choice model, and (3) to investigate the longitudinal relationships among the study variables. All studies were based on children from a collectivist cultural context (i.e., Indonesia). This research program has been structured around three empirical studies reported in three journal articles.
Breadth over depth in the semantic representations of adults with nonverbal learning disabilities

abstract Oral language in individuals with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) has been described as empty of meaning, despite apparently average word knowledge. The present study explored the hypothesis that depth but not breadth of semantic representations would be reduced in NLD, and that depth but not breadth would be related to nonverbal gestalt perception. A cross-sectional design compared breadth and depth of vocabulary in 50 adults with or without a diagnosis of NLD. Vocabulary results were also compared with a visual closure test. Participants with NLD had reduced vocabulary depth in comparison with controls. The NLD group also had lower scores for gestalt perception, the ability to perceive a meaningful whole from unrelated parts. Across the sample, this measure predicted scores for vocabulary depth, but not breadth. The NLD group was also less able than the Control group to estimate the size of unknown, physical features of everyday objects. Results supported clinical observations that semantic representations are unconventional and imprecise in individuals with NLD, and suggested specific cognitive underpinnings for such difficulties. Results were also compatible with separate theories of embodied and lateralized semantics. A proposal uniting these theories in a designation over elaboration model is presented.