Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effets des émotions sur les processus rédactionnels et orthographiques chez les enfants de fin d'école élémentaire

L’objectif de cette these est d’etudier l’effet que peuvent avoir les emotions, au travers de l’induction d’un etat emotionnel, sur les capacites redactionnelles, orthographiques et mnesiques d’enfants au sein du contexte scolaire. Plus precisement, en lien avec le modele elabore par Ellis et Ashbrook (Resource Allocation Model of Cognitive Interference, 1988), puis modifie par la suite par Ellis et Moore (1999), la these selon laquelle les ressources cognitives disponibles varieraient en fonction de l’etat emotionnel du participant est defendue. L’influence des emotions (positive, negative et neutre) est testee sur les exercices de la redaction de texte, de la dictee et sur une tâche de mesure de la memoire de travail phonologique, aupres d’enfants de CM1 et CM2.Les resultats montrent que les emotions negatives sont responsables de variations sur la longueur des textes et sur l’utilisation du lexique dans le cadre des processus redactionnels (experience 1), mais aussi d’une diminution des performances en memoire de travail phonologique (experience 3). En revanche, l’induction d’une emotion positive ou negative est responsable d’une perturbation sur le plan des processus orthographiques resultant en une augmentation du nombre d’erreurs d’orthographe dans le cadre de l’exercice de la dictee (experience 2). En conclusion, il est montre que les emotions peuvent avoir un effet perturbateur, parasitant sur certains processus cognitifs complexes chez l’enfant. De plus, ce travail a aussi permis d’interroger l’effet des activites scolaires sur le ressenti emotionnel des enfants de CE2 et CM2 (experience 4). Il a ainsi ete mis en evidence que selon l’âge des enfants et l’activite pratiquee (ecoute d’un texte lu a l’oral et dictee), le ressenti emotionnel varie grandement, mais aussi que l’etat emotionnel initial est correle aux performances en dictee.Finalement, les resultats sont discutes en lien avec le modele considere (Ellis & Moore, 1999). Des ouvertures experimentales sont proposees afin d’ameliorer les connaissances de l’effet des emotions sur les capacites de langage ecrit des enfants d’âge scolaire.
[The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, glucocorticoid receptor function and relevance to depression].

OBJECTIVES Changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system are characteristic of depression. Because the effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by intracellular receptors including, most notably, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), several studies have examined the number and/or function of GRs in depressed patients. METHODS Review scientific evidences have consistently demonstrated that GR function is impaired in major depression, resulting in reduced GR-mediated negative feedback on the HPA axis and increased production and secretion of CRF in various brain regions postulated to be involved in the causality of depression. RESULTS This article summarizes the literature on GR in depression and on the impact of antidepressants on the GR in clinical and preclinical studies, and supports the concept that impaired GR signalling is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of depression, in the absence of clear evidence of decreased GR expression. The data also indicate that antidepressants have direct effects on the GR, leading to enhanced GR function and increased GR expression. Although the effects of antidepressants on glucocorticoid hormones and their receptors are relevant for the therapeutic action of these drugs, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. We propose that antidepressants in humans could inhibit steroid transporters localised on the blood-brain barrier and in neurones, like the multidrug resistance p-glycoprotein, and thus increase the access of cortisol to the brain and the glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback on the HPA axis. CONCLUSION Enhanced cortisol action in the brain might prove to be a successful approach to maximise therapeutic antidepressant effects. Hypotheses regarding the mechanism of these receptor changes involve non-steroid compounds that regulate GR function via second messenger pathways. Research in this field will lead to new insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of affective disorders.
Electrolytic lesions within central complex neuropils of the cockroach brain affect negotiation of barriers

SUMMARY Animals must negotiate obstacles in their path in order to successfully function within natural environments. These actions require transitions from walking to other behaviors, many of which are more involved than simple reflexes. For these behaviors to be successful, insects must evaluate objects in their path and then use that information to change posture or re-direct leg movements. Some of this control may occur within a region of the brain known as the central complex (CC). We used discrete electrolytic lesions to examine the role of certain sub-regions of the CC in various obstacle negotiation behaviors. We found that cockroaches with lesions to the protocerebral bridge (PB) and ellipsoid body (EB) exhibit abnormalities in turning and dealing with shelf-like objects; whereas, individuals with lesions to the fan-shaped body (FB) and lateral accessory lobe (LAL), exhibit abnormalities of those behaviors as well as climbing over blocks and up walls to a horizontal plane. Abnormalities in block climbing include decreased success rate, changes in climbing strategy, and delayed response to the block. Increases in these abnormal behaviors were significant in individuals with lesions to the FB and LAL. Although turning abnormalities are present in individuals with lesions to the LAL, EB and the lateral region of the FB, there are some differences in how these deficits present. For instance, the turning deficits seen in individuals with lateral FB lesions only occurred when turning in the direction opposite to the side of the brain on which the lesion occurred. By contrast, individuals with lesions to the EB and LAL exhibited turning abnormalities in both directions. Lesions in the medial region of the FB did not result in directional turning deficits, but in abnormalities in block climbing.
Specific Response of a Novel and Abundant Lactobacillus amylovorus-Like Phylotype to Dietary Prebiotics in the Guts of Weaning Piglets

ABSTRACT Using 16S rRNA gene-based approaches, we analyzed the responses of ileal and colonic bacterial communities of weaning piglets to dietary addition of four fermentable carbohydrates (inulin, lactulose, wheat starch, and sugar beet pulp). An enriched diet and a control diet lacking these fermentable carbohydrates were fed to piglets for 4 days (n = 48), and 10 days (n = 48), and the lumen-associated microbiota were compared using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial diversities in the ileal and colonic samples were measured by assessing the number of DGGE bands and the Shannon index of diversity. A higher number of DGGE bands in the colon (24.2 ± 5.5) than in the ileum (9.7 ± 4.2) was observed in all samples. In addition, significantly higher diversity, as measured by DGGE fingerprint analysis, was detected in the colonic microbial community of weaning piglets fed the fermentable-carbohydrate-enriched diet for 10 days than in the control. Selected samples from the ileal and colonic lumens were also investigated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. This revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum and Lactobacillus amylovorus-like populations in the ileum and the colon in the piglets fed with fermentable carbohydrates. Newly developed oligonucleotide probes targeting these phylotypes allowed their rapid detection and quantification in the ileum and colon by FISH. The results indicate that addition of fermentable carbohydrates supports the growth of specific lactobacilli in the ilea and colons of weaning piglets.
Postural Control of Anteroposterior and Mediolateral Sway in Children With Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder

Purpose: To examine postural control of anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral sway of children with probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD) and children with typical development (TD). Methods: Forty-eight children (24 in each group) aged 11 to 12 years performed an aiming task, maintaining a laser beam within targets placed in 2 locations (front/side). Precision was compromised primarily by the control of mediolateral sway for the front target and by the control of AP sway for the side target. The task was performed with large and small targets. Results: In the side target condition, only (1) the TD group showed reduced AP sway in response to reduced target size, whereas the pDCD group increased AP sway, and (2) aiming performance for reduced target sizes deteriorated to a greater degree in the pDCD group than in the TD group. Conclusion: These findings suggest children with pDCD have specific deficits in controlling AP sway.
Identification of a candidate tumor-suppressor gene specifically activated during Ras-induced senescence.

Normal cells display protective responses against oncogenes. Notably, oncogenic Ras triggers an irreversible proliferation arrest that is reminiscent of replicative senescence and that is considered a relevant tumor-suppressor mechanism. Here, we have used microarrayed filters to identify genes specifically upregulated in Ras-senescent human fibroblasts. Among the initial set of genes selected from the microarrays, we found the cell-cycle inhibitor p21(Cip1/Waf1), thus validating the potency of the screening to identify markers and mediators of Ras-senescence. A group of six genes, formed by those more highly upregulated during Ras-senescence, was analyzed in further detail to evaluate their specificity. In particular, we examined their expression in cells overexpressing Ras but rendered resistant to Ras-senescence by the viral oncoprotein E1a; also, we have studied their expression during replicative senescence, organismal aging, H(2)O(2)-induced senescence, and DNA damage. In this manner, we have identified a novel gene, RIS1 (for Ras-induced senescence 1), which is not upregulated in association to any of the above-mentioned processes, but exclusively during Ras-senescence. Furthermore, RIS1 is also upregulated by the transcriptional factor Ets2, which is a known mediator of Ras-induced senescence. Interestingly, RIS1 is located at chromosomal position 3p21.3 and, more specifically, it is included in a short segment of just 1 Mb previously defined by other investigators for its tumor-suppressor activity. In summary, we report the identification of a novel gene, RIS1, as a highly specific marker of Ras-induced senescence and a candidate tumor-suppressor gene.
Efficient Mating-Type Switching in Candida glabrata Induces Cell Death

Candida glabrata is an apparently asexual haploid yeast that is phylogenetically closer to Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to Candida albicans. Its genome contains three MAT-like cassettes, MAT, which encodes either MATa or MATalpha information in different strains, and the additional loci, HML and HMR. The genome also contains an HO gene homolog, but this yeast has never been shown to switch mating-types spontaneously, as S. cerevisiae does. We have recently sequenced the genomes of the five species that, together with C. glabrata, make up the Nakaseomyces clade. All contain MAT-like cassettes and an HO gene homolog. In this work, we express the HO gene of all Nakaseomyces and of S. cerevisiae in C. glabrata. All can induce mating-type switching, but, despite the larger phylogenetic distance, the most efficient endonuclease is the one from S. cerevisiae. Efficient mating-type switching in C. glabrata is accompanied by a high cell mortality, and sometimes results in conversion of the additional cassette HML. Mortality probably results from the cutting of the HO recognition sites that are present, in HML and possibly HMR, contrary to what happens naturally in S. cerevisiae. This has implications in the life-cycle of C. glabrata, as we show that efficient MAT switching is lethal for most cells, induces chromosomal rearrangements in survivors, and that the endogenous HO is probably rarely active indeed.
Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

This research aimed to develop and optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing ceramide IIIB using phase-inversion composition for transdermal delivery. The effects of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol in octyldodecanol and Tween 80 systems on the size of the nanoemulsion region in the phase diagrams were investigated using water titration. Subsequently, ceramide IIIB loading was kept constant (0.05 wt%), and the proposed formulation and conditions were optimized via preliminary screening and experimental design. Factors such as octyldodecanol/(Tween 80:glycerol) weight ratio, water content, temperature, addition rate, and mixing rate were investigated in the preliminary screening experiment. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of water content (30%–70%, w/w), mixing rate (400–720 rpm), temperature (20°C–60°C), and addition rate (0.3–1.8 mL/min) on droplet size and polydispersity index. The mathematical model showed that the optimum formulation and conditions for preparation of ceramide IIIB nanoemulsion with desirable criteria were a temperature of 41.49°C, addition rate of 1.74 mL/min, water content of 55.08 wt%, and mixing rate of 720 rpm. Under optimum formulation conditions, the corresponding predicted response values for droplet size and polydispersity index were 15.51 nm and 0.12, respectively, which showed excellent agreement with the actual values (15.8 nm and 0.108, respectively), with no significant (P>0.05) differences.
The Evaluation of Blood Donor Deferral Causes: A Tertiary Care CentrebasedStudy

Blood safety is a major issue all over the world in transfusion medicine. For this, donor selection is necessary in addition to the screenings of blood bags for infectious diseases. Deferrals lead to loss of precious blood/ components available for transfusion. For preventing this, we should be having knowledge of causes of deferral and their frequency. In this study, causes of donor deferral were evaluated retrospectively from January 2007 to December 2011 in the blood bank of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), ALIGARH (India). Analysis of the deferrals showed that temporary deferral was more common than permanent deferral. Most common cause in permanent deferral was HBsAg positivity. Causes among temporary deferral were anemia (Hb<12.5 gm%), malaria in last 3 months, jaundice, alcohol intake in last 3days, weight <45 kg, age <18 yrs, patients on antibiotic, previous donation in last 3 month, typhoid in last 1 year, dog bite etc.
Reversed by Vitamin E Supplementation T Cells Is + Synapse Formation of CD4 Age-Associated Decline in Effective Immune

Aging is associated with reduced IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Vitamin E supplementation, in aged animals and humans, increases cell division and IL-2 production by naive T cells. The immune synapse forms at the site of contact between a T cell and an APC and participates in T cell activation. We evaluated whether vitamin E affects the redistribution of signaling proteins to the immune synapse. Puriﬁed CD4 (cid:1) T cells, from the spleens of young and old mice, were treated with vitamin E before stimulation with a surrogate APC expressing anti-CD3. Using confocal ﬂuorescent microscopy, we observed that CD4 (cid:1) T cells from old mice were signiﬁcantly less likely to recruit signaling proteins to the immune synapse than cells from young mice. Vitamin E increased the percentage of old CD4 (cid:1) T cells capable of forming an effective immune synapse. Similar results were found following in vivo supplementation with vitamin E. When compared with memory cells, naive T cells from aged mice were more defective in immune synapse formation and were more responsive to vitamin E supplementation. These data show, for the ﬁrst time, that vitamin E signiﬁcantly improves age-related early T cell signaling events in naive CD4 (cid:1) T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 1443–1449.
Transition Problems and Play as Transitory Activity

Because too many children experience the transition to school as a culture shock, during the past decade teachers have implemented so-called transition activities in order to bridge the gap between preschool and school. However, transition to school also calls for a development of higher mental functions, among others the development of children's learning motive. From the view of activity theory, transition to formal education entails crossing boundaries from the activity system of play to the activity system of school learning. The transition can be facilitated by developing a ‘transitory activity system’, which mediates between the two systems, ensuring that the result of one system serves as a tool in the next. Advanced forms of play might make up a transitory activity system. The paper describes different forms of play crossing the boundaries of role-play (frame-play, aesthetic theme play and drama-play) which combine play, drama and philosophical dialogue to make up a transitory activity system.
Robust Two-Phase RZ Asynchronous SoC Interconnects

A novel two-phase RZ delay-insensitive asynchronous handshaking protocol for on-chip communication has been developed along with an efficient and robust dual-rail circuit implementation (Transmitter/Receiver). Performance was verified using SPICE simulations with a 0.13 μm, 1.2 V technology and compared to that of the best-in-class asynchronous transceivers in terms of forward and backward latencies, throughput, energy per bit transfer and design complexity. Results demonstrate the superior overall performance of the new transceiver.
Review article: Emergency endotracheal intubation in non‐traumatic brain pathologies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Endotracheal intubation is an advanced airway procedure performed in the ED and the out‐of‐hospital setting for acquired brain injuries that include non‐traumatic brain pathologies such as stroke, encephalopathies, seizures and toxidromes. Controlled trial evidence supports intubation in traumatic brain injuries, but it is not clear that this evidence can be applied to non‐traumatic brain pathologies. We sought to analyse the impact of emergency intubation on survival in non‐traumatic brain pathologies and also to quantify the prevalence of intubation in these pathologies. We conducted a systematic literature search of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Eligibility, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias were assessed independently by two reviewers. A bias‐adjusted meta‐analysis using a quality‐effects model pooled prevalence of intubation in non‐traumatic brain pathologies. Forty‐six studies were included in this systematic review. No studies were suitable for meta‐analysis the primary outcome of survival. Thirty‐nine studies reported the prevalence of intubation in non‐traumatic brain pathologies and a meta‐analysis showed that emergency intubation was used in 12% (95% CI 0–33) of pathologies. Endotracheal intubation was used commonly in haemorrhagic stroke 79% (95% CI 47–100) and to a lesser extent for seizures 18% (95% CI 10–27) and toxidromes 25% (95% CI 6–48). This systematic review shows that there is no high‐quality clinical evidence to support or refute emergency intubation in non‐traumatic brain pathologies. Our analysis shows that intubation is commonly used in non‐traumatic brain pathologies, and the need for rigorous evidence is apparent.
WormExp: a web-based application for a Caenorhabditis elegans-specific gene expression enrichment analysis

MOTIVATION A particular challenge of the current omics age is to make sense of the inferred differential expression of genes and proteins. The most common approach is to perform a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, thereby relying on a database that has been extracted from a variety of organisms and that can therefore only yield reliable information on evolutionary conserved functions. RESULTS We here present a web-based application for a taxon-specific gene set exploration and enrichment analysis, which is expected to yield novel functional insights into newly determined gene sets. The approach is based on the complete collection of curated high-throughput gene expression data sets for the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, including 1786 gene sets from more than 350 studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION WormExp is available at http://wormexp.zoologie.uni-kiel.de CONTACTS hschulenburg@zoologie.uni-kiel.de SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Response to: Gregson S, Gonese E, Hallett TB et al. HIV decline in Zimbabwe due to reductions in risky sex? Evidence from a comprehensive epidemiological review.

The authors of this article1 review several sexual behaviour surveys from Zimbabwe and ask whether the declines in HIV prevalence seen in that country between 1997 and 2007 are attributable to behavioural change. They conclude that declines in the fraction of men and women with casual—or ‘non-regular’—partners, combined with high rates of condom use in casual sex are at least partly responsible for this favourable trend. We wonder why there is no mention of the dramatic decline in the fraction of people with ‘concurrent’ or overlapping relationships observed in the Manicaland study—one of the main studies discussed in this review. Manicaland, Eastern Zimbabwe, is home to one of the best studied longitudinal open HIV cohorts in Southern Africa. Gregson and colleagues have been following this cohort for many years, and in 2006, they reported that between the late 1990s and the early 2000s, the fraction of men and women with concurrent partnerships on the day they were interviewed fell from 18.6 to 11.0% and from 2.2 to 1.3%, respectively.2 This represents a decline of ~41% for both sexes over a ~3-year period. If concurrent partnerships were more frequent before the late 1990s, the decline since the start of the epidemic would be even greater. This is important because there is growing empirical and theoretical evidence that HIV rates are high in Southern Africa not because casual sex is particularly common there, but because people in this region are more likely than people in other world regions to have a small number of (typically two) regular ongoing or ‘concurrent’ partnerships at a time.3 Studies show that small changes in the fraction of people with concurrent partnerships can have powerful effects on the transmission and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections like HIV.4–6 This makes the steep decline in concurrency seen in the Manicaland cohort a strong candidate for explaining the decline in HIV incidence that occurred in this region during that time. Ultimately, a network modelling study would be needed to determine the relative contributions of reductions in concurrency, reductions in casual sex and increases in condom use to the Zimbabwe HIV decline. The remarkable decline in concurrency in Manicaland is reported only in the supplementary online material of Gregson et al.’s 2006 paper. Neither that article nor this one mentions it in the main text. This is odd given the growing interest in examining the empirical evidence for the concurrency hypothesis. We are curious whether the other studies reviewed in this article also have data on concurrency that has not been reported.