Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-regulation: an important construct in health psychology research and practice

Inspiring people to engage in health-promoting behaviours such as taking a course of medication, sticking to an exercise regime, attending an appointment for cancer screening, or cutting down on alcohol and foods high in saturated fat is a challenge faced by many health psychologists. Ensuring that patients adhere to health-related behaviours in hospital wards and other clinical settings, where patients and individuals are highly supervised, is relatively straightforward as clinicians can prescribe behavioural regimens, provide social support and remind patients to engage in the required behaviours. However, for many health-related behaviours, clinicians must rely heavily on individuals’ ability to carry out the behaviour of their own volition with little prompting or incentive and outside of a clinical context. Failure to adhere to behavioural regimens, or inconsistent, sporadic adherence, presents a serious problem for clinicians as this is likely to compromise the effectiveness of the treatment with concomitant reductions in clinical outcomes. Health psychologists have therefore sought to gain a greater understanding of the factors that influence volitional behaviour with a view to identifying targets for interventions that will result in greater adherence to health behaviours. The construct of self-regulation has been identified as extremely important in this regard and has been incorporated into various theories and models of health behaviour (Aarts, 2007; Bagozzi, Moore, & Leone, 2004) and also as part of interventions aimed at promoting the ‘selfregulatory skills’ of patients and individuals prescribed health-promoting behaviours (Febbraro & Clum, 1998). In this paper, I will review the role of self-regulation in the contexts of theory and research in health behaviour to date and provide a brief overview of how knowledge and research of self-regulation in health contexts can be moved forward. In particular, I will introduce the timely and insightful commentaries on Hall and Fong’s (2007) temporal self-regulation theory that appear in this issue of Health Psychology Review. The commentaries stand as excellent examples of how stimulating scholarly debate can inspire new thinking and further research in this field.
The Effect of Subcapsular Meningococcal B + C Vaccine on the Prognosis of Patients with Meningococcal Disease

The effectiveness of the meningococcal Cuban vaccine (VaMengoc B + C®) was examined in terms of the prognosis of patients who develop disease. All cases in the vaccinee age category admitted to the Meningococcal Disease Reference Centre, Rio de Janeiro between August 1990 and December 1993 were enrolled. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated from the relationship 1-OR, where the OR (odds ratio) was the exponential of the logistic regression coefficient for the association between death from meningococcal disease and previous vaccination. The case fatality rate for vaccinees was 6.1% and that for non-vaccinees was 10.6% (relative risk 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33-1.01). An overall protective effect of the vaccine against a fatal outcome was identified (VE 53%; 95% CI 12-75%) controlling for sex, age at time of immunization, elapsed time since vaccination and time between onset of disease and hospital admission. This study suggests that, for some people, even if the vaccine does not protect against the development of disease it may have a beneficial effect in terms of preventing a fatal outcome. This protective effect needs to be further investigated in a prospective cohort study specifically designed to evaluate the new generation of meningococcal vaccines.
Objects of desire, thought, and reality: Problems of anchoring discourse referents in development

: Our objectives in this article are to bring some theoretical order into developmental sequences and simultaneities in children’s ability to appreciate multiple labels for single objects, to reason with identity statements, to reason hypothetically, counterfactually, and with beliefs and desires, and to explain why an ‘implicit’ understanding of belief occurs before an ‘explicit’ understanding. The central idea behind our explanation is the emerging grasp of how objects of thought and desire relate to real objects and to each other. To capture this idea we make use of the notion of discourse referents, as did Perner and Brandl (2005), to explain the developmental link between understanding beliefs and alternative naming. We present confirming evidence of the prediction from this analysis that children should have comparable problems with understanding identity statements. We explain the precociously correct answers in ‘implicit’ false belief tests based on indirect measures in the following way: From infancy children are able to keep track of other people’s experiences, to reason about counterfactual circumstances, and to reason about goal-directed (rational) action depending on given circumstances. Indirect tasks reduce the bias to use actual circumstances for reasoning about goal directed action compared to the traditional task, which leads to more correct answers. An emerging metarepresentational understanding helps overcome these biases and enables not only correct action prediction but also the explanation of erroneous actions. The common metarepresentational element explains why false belief tasks and the alternative naming task are mastered at the same time as children understand identity statements.
Body mass index and clinical response to infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue has immunomodulating effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although the exact role is, at present, unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) affects response to infliximab in RA patients investigated prospectively. METHODS In 89 patients with active RA, the BMI was calculated before initiation of infliximab treatment (3 mg/kg intravenously). After 16 weeks of treatment, changes in disease activity were assessed with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). RESULTS The mean ± SD BMI was 26 ± 5 kg/m(2) (range 17-42). The BMI correlated positively with the DAS28 at baseline (r = 0.34, P = 0.001). Since selection of study patients according to DAS28 values could influence the clinical response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade due to regression to the mean because the clinical response is itself based on the change in the DAS28 values, analysis of covariance was used to correct for the baseline DAS28. A highly significant, negative association between the BMI and the absolute decrease in the DAS28 after 16 weeks (P = 0.001) was found also when adjusted for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. CONCLUSION Although the infliximab dosage is based on body weight, RA patients with a high BMI responded less well to infliximab, a finding that held true when adjusted for the baseline DAS28 or anti-citrullinated protein antibody status. These results support the notion that adipose tissue may be involved in the pathophysiology of RA and could have implications for other immune-mediated inflammatory conditions treated with TNF antagonists.
Isoproterenol decreases leptin expression in adipose tissue of obese humans.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of the non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (Iso), on leptin expression in human adipose tissue. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Subcutaneous (SQ) and omental adipose (OM) tissue taken during surgery from 12 morbidly obese subjects (10 women and 2 men) were cultured for up to 24 hours with insulin (7 nM) and/or dexamethasone (25 nM), a synthetic glucocorticoid, in the presence or absence of isoproterenol (10 microM). Adipose tissue was also acutely incubated for 3 hours in media alone with or without isoproterenol. Leptin secretion and leptin mRNA abundance were measured. RESULTS Iso acutely decreased leptin release by approximately 30% (vs. no hormone controls) in fragments of OM and SQ adipose tissue. In 24-hour culture, addition of Iso (in the presence of insulin) resulted in lower leptin accumulation in the medium (-20-30%) and leptin mRNA levels (-40-50%) from both tissue depots. Culture with insulin and dexamethasone increased leptin expression vs. insulin alone. Addition of Iso with insulin and dexamethasone decreased media leptin (-40-60%) and leptin mRNA levels were lower (-65%) in Iso-treated adipose tissue from both depots after 24 hours. Iso effects were not detectable after 5 hours of culture. DISCUSSION We conclude that stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors may modulate leptin expression in human adipose tissue by two mechanisms: an acute effect on leptin release and a longer-term antagonism of stimulatory effects of insulin and dexamethasone on leptin mRNA expression. These mechanisms may contribute to the decline in serum leptin that occurs during fasting.
Comparison of Transfection Agents in Forming Complexes with Ferumoxides, Cell Labeling Efficiency, and Cellular Viability

By complexing ferumoxides or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) to transfection agents (TAs), it is possible to magnetically label mammalian cells. There has been no systematic study comparing TAs complexed to SPIO as far as cell labeling efficiency and viability. This study investigates the toxicity and labeling efficiency at various doses of FEs complexed to different TAs in mammalian cells. Different classes of TAs were used, such as polycationic amines, dendrimers, and lipid-based agents. Cellular toxicity was measured using doses of TAs from 1 to 50 μg/mL in incubation media. Iron incorporation efficiency was measured by combining various amounts of FEs and different doses of TAs. Lipofectamine2000 showed toxicity at lowest dose (1 μg/mL), whereas FuGENE6 and low molecular weight poly-L-lysine (PLI.) showed the least toxicity. SPIO labeling efficiency was similar with high-molecular-weight PIX (388.1 kDa) and superfect, whereas FuGENE6 and low-molecular-weight PLL were inefficient in labeling cells. Concentrations of 25 to 50 μg/mL of FEs complexed to TAs in media resulted in sufficient endocytosis of the SPIO into endosomes to detect cells on cellular magnetic resonance imaging.
USE OF FLAT SLABS IN MULTI-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SITUATED IN HIGH SEISMIC ZONE

In present era, conventional RC Frame buildings are commonly used for the construction. The use of flat slab building provides many advantages over conventional RC Frame building in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork and shorter construction time. The structural efficiency of the flat-slab construction is hindered by its poor performance under earthquake loading. In the present work six number of conventional RC frame and Flat Slab buildings of G+3, G+8, and G+12 storey building models are considered. The performance of flat slab and the vulnerability of purely frame and purely flat slab models under different load conditions were studied and for the analysis, seismic zone IV is considered. The analysis is done with using E-Tabs software. It is necessary to analyze seismic behaviour of building for different heights to see what changes are going to occur if the height of conventional RC Frame building and flat slab building changes. Therefore, the characteristics of the seismic behaviour of flat slab and conventional RC Frame buildings suggest that additional measures for guiding the conception and design of these structures in seismic regions are needed and to improve the performance of building having conventional RC building and flat slabs under seismic loading, The object of the present work is to compare the behaviour of multi-storey commercial buildings having flat slabs and conventional RC frame with that of having two way slabs with beams and to study the effect of height of the building on the performance of these two types of buildings under seismic forces. Present work provides a good source of information on the parameters lateral displacement, storey drift, storey shear, column moments and axial forces, time period. Keyword: Reinforced Concrete Frame; ETABS 9.7. 4; Flat Slab.
Emergence of Zika Virus Epidemic and the National Response in Jamaica.

Background Jamaica, along with the Americas, experienced major epidemics of arboviral diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito in recent years. These include dengue fever in 2012, Chikungunya fever in 2014 and Zika virus infection (ZIKV) in 2016. We present the emergence of the ZIKV epidemic in Jamaica and outline the national response. Methods The Ministry of Health's preparedness included: heightened surveillance, clinical management guidance, vector control and management, laboratory capacity strengthening, training and staffing, risk communication and public education, social mobilization, inter-sectoral collaboration, resource mobilization and international cooperation. Results The first case of ZIKV was confirmed on January 29, 2016 with date of onset of January 17, 2016. From January 3 to July 30, 2016 (Epidemiological Week (EW) 1-30), 4648 cases of ZIKV were recorded (4576 suspected, 72 laboratory-confirmed). Leading symptoms were similar among suspected and confirmed cases: rash (71% and 88%), fever (65% and 53%) and joint pains (47% and 38%). There were 17 suspected cases of Guillain Barre syndrome; 383 were reported in pregnant women, with no reports of microcephaly to date. Zika and dengue viruses were circulating predominantly in 2016. At EW30, 1744 cases of dengue were recorded (1661 suspected and 83 confirmed). Dengue serotypes 3 and 4 were circulating with 121 reports of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Conclusion The possibility exists for endemicity of ZIKV similar to dengue and chikungunya in Jamaica. A ZIKV vaccine, similar to the dengue and chikungunya vaccines, is needed to be fast-tracked into clinical trials to mitigate the effects of this disease.
Verb Physics: Relative Physical Knowledge of Actions and Objects

Learning commonsense knowledge from natural language text is nontrivial due to reporting bias: people rarely state the obvious, e.g., “My house is bigger than me. ” However, while rarely stated explicitly, this trivial everyday knowledge does influence the way people talk about the world, which provides indirect clues to reason about the world. For example, a statement like, “Tyler entered his house” implies that his house is bigger than Tyler. In this paper, we present an approach to infer relative physical knowledge of actions and objects along five dimensions (e.g., size, weight, and strength) from unstructured natural language text. We frame knowledge acquisition as joint inference over two closely related problems: learning (1) relative physical knowledge of object pairs and (2) physical implications of actions when applied to those object pairs. Empirical results demonstrate that it is possible to extract knowledge of actions and objects from language and that joint inference over different types of knowledge improves performance.
Comment des stagiaires en enseignement de l'éducation physique et à la santé (ÉPSa) réagissent-ils face à l'indiscipline de leurs élèves ?

Cette etude decrit et analyse les reactions de 31 stagiaires en enseignement de l’education physique et a la sante du secondaire face aux comportements perturbateurs (CP) des eleves, compare la frequence des reactions selon le niveau de formation et le sexe et en apprecie les effets. Une analyse videoscopique en differe a ete effectuee a l’aide du Systeme d’observation des incidents disciplinaires (SOID) (Brunelle et al., 1993). Deux reactions, « Ignore » et « Dicte un comportement », ressortent de facon preponderante (59,5 % et 32,8 %). Les reactions interactives sont peu employees (6,4 %). Les stagiaires masculins ont davantage recours a la reaction « Ignore » tandis que les femmes privilegient les reactions autoritaires et interactives. Ces dernieres se revelent plus efficaces pour mettre fin rapidement aux CP. Les volets theoriques et pratiques de la formation initiale (FI) en enseignement doivent-etre mieux articules afin de maximiser le reinvestissement des apprentissages en matiere de gestion des CP. La FI doit viser l’elargissement du repertoire de reactions des stagiaires face aux CP des eleves notamment par la formation a l’utilisation de reactions interactives en raison de leur efficacite au plan de la gestion de l’indiscipline et du developpement de l’autodetermination des eleves.
Managing the teaching–research nexus: ideals and practice in research-oriented universities

This paper demonstrates that while ideals of close linkages between research and teaching are widely embraced in research-oriented universities, a practice of division of labour between teaching-oriented and research-oriented staff persists. In an investigation of how the research–teaching nexus is managed at three Swedish universities, we identify a perceived misalignment between institutional incentives for individual academic staff and the needs of teaching. Under pressure from such tensions, managers are forced to deploy pragmatic strategies for the staffing of undergraduate education tasks. This includes allowing research needs and agendas to take priority over teaching needs. While managers seek to secure the participation of senior researchers in education, they often actively prefer to delegate the bulk of teaching activities to less research-active staff. Such strategies seem to reinforce existing patterns of division of labour among academic staff.
Inverted event-related potentials response to illusory contour in boys with autism

We examined the hypothesis of lower-level processing abnormalities related to perceptual grouping in boys with autism aged 3–6 years. We investigated event-related potentials response to visual elements that either formed perceptually coherent illusory contour or were arranged in a noncoherent way. The results showed that in healthy boys the illusory contour as compared with control stimulus elicited enhanced negativity of N1 peak (C effect), which has been previously found in adults. Autistic boys demonstrated the reliable inverted illusory contour effect, that is, more positive N1 amplitude to illusory contour. We hypothesized that boys with autism were sensitive to difference between illusory contour and control figures basing on collinearity processing mechanisms implemented in neural circuitry of primary visual cortex.
Managing split-attention and redundancy in multimedia instruction

Two experiments investigated alternatives to split-attention instructional designs. It was assumed that because a learner has a limited working memory capacity, any increase in cognitive resources required to process split-attention materials decreases resources available for learning. Using computer-based instructional material consisting of diagrams and text, Experiment 1 attempted to ameliorate split-attention effects by increasing effective working memory size by presenting the text in auditory form. Auditory presentation of text proved superior to visual-only presentation but not when the text was presented in both auditory and visual forms. In that case, the visual form was redundant and imposed a cognitive load that interfered with learning. Experiment 2 ameliorated split-attention effects by using colour coding to reduce cognitive load inducing search for diagrammatic referents in the text. Mental load rating scales provided evidence in both experiments that alternatives to split-attention instructional designs were effective due to reductions in cognitive load. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole helps to decrease the percentage of patients with off-target trough serum levels.

We monitored trough voriconazole serum concentrations from 107 patients (n = 258 samples) at 6 hospitals in Madrid. Most of the patients were male (67%) and had the following underlying conditions: hematological cancer (42%), solid organ transplantation (15%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14%), human immunodeficiency virus infection (8.4%), solid cancer (5.6%), and other (29%). The indication for voriconazole administration was aspergillosis treatment (74.6%) and prophylaxis (14%). The main reasons for voriconazole trough drug monitoring were initiation of treatment/prophylaxis (33%), patient monitoring (47%), and suspected toxicity (3.5%). Levels (μg/ml) were subtherapeutic (<1; 18.2%), on-target (1-5.5; 71.3%), and high (>5.5; 10.5%). The samples percentage with on-target levels was significantly lower for the first sample than for subsequent samples (62.6% vs. 77.5%). "Subsequent samples," "admission in nonpediatric wards," "voriconazole used for treatment of invasive aspergillosis," and "use of proton pump inhibitors" were predictors of voriconazole therapeutic levels (≥1 μg/ml).
What is the extent and nature of quantitative research in British social work?

This Brief Note reports on a survey of the extent and nature of quantitative research reported in the British Journal of Social Work over a recent five-year period. There has been considerable emphasis in social work in the UK and elsewhere on developing ‘evidencebased’ practice (Sheldon, 2001; Webb, 2001). While strongly supportive of rigorous research as a basis for social work intervention, Sheldon and Macdonald (1999) have been critical of the extent to which social work can currently be understood to be an evidencebased discipline. They reviewed articles in the British Journal of Social Work during the 1990s and found that most contained no empirical data, and that those that did tended to have small samples and no comparison group. In the 356 papers they reviewed there were only five outcome studies and no controlled trials (Sheldon and Macdonald, 1999). This brief review updates this earlier study and was undertaken as part of the preparation for a practitioner training intervention study.
Turning it on is a class act: immediated object relations with television

Television is part of the grain of everyday life, notes Silverstone (1994), who has made the case for television’s particular relationship to ontological security in terms of its spatial and temporal significance. Similarly, McCarthy (2001) maintains that analysis of television should focus as much on its materiality as immateriality, looking at the medium’s reorganizations of space and time, both in its spectacular and unremarkable functions it performs (such as a piece of furniture). In this commentary we detail the significance of the television object in the making of class relations through space and time. Drawing on a multi-method research project on reality television conducted in the UK we show how relations with the television object constitute and make visible people’s investments in time, space and taste which contribute to the production of their classed subjectivity. Television is not an ‘empty’ object: it is both domestic furniture and a transmitter of specific cultural products in which class relations are at work. Class differences have been discussed in terms of audiences’ interpretation of television texts (Morley, 1980; Press, 1990; Walkerdine, 1986). Research on the television object has described its symbolic significance as a marker of conspicuous consumption for working-class viewers, see Leal (1990) and Tufte (2000) on Brazil, and Ureta (2008) on Chile. In the UK Moores (1991) and Brunsdon (1997) discuss the class-based taste signifiers of the satellite dish, while Seiter (1990) and Gray (1992) have discussed middle-class defensiveness around television viewing practices. The importance of television is therefore always established in relation to other objects and practices, forming a taste-based