Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of BSE on attitudes to GM food

The aim of this research is to determine whether people in the UK associate genetically modified food (GM food) with the â€˜mad cowâ€™ disease (or BSE) issue, and explain any such association in terms of analogical reasoning. Further, to test whether a lack of perceived â€˜control over exposureâ€™ to GM food accounts for the heightened vulnerability it is typically associated with. Two consecutive questionnaires were administered in various regions of the UK. The first asked 200 participants to indicate whether they regarded GM food as a health risk, and to spontaneously identify issues similar to GM food. The second asked a further 200 to rate the similarity between GM food and BSE, Salmonella, and food irradiation, and to give personal and general risk ratings for consuming GM food, and tolerance ratings for its availability and availability if â€˜always clearly labelledâ€™. The results indicate GM food is overwhelmingly identified as a health risk, and that BSE is widely held to be analogous with GM food. However, BSE was rated as less similar to GM food than food irradiation. The widespread identification of BSE as an analogue is explained in terms of it representing a â€˜worst-case scenarioâ€™. The risk ratings are consistent with the heightened sense of vulnerability associated with GM food; the tolerance ratings are greater for the availability of GM food if â€˜always clearly labelledâ€™, indicating a perceived lack of control over exposure to GM food accounts, in part, for GM food risk perceptions. However, the results also indicate that, in terms of practical risk management, labelling may only be effective with respect to a younger age group.
Health check-up program for pre/postmenopausal women at Siriraj Menopause Clinic.

OBJECTIVE To determine the general health status of pre/postmenopausal women attending the menopause clinic. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING Siriraj Menopause Clinic, Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. STUDY POPULATION Pre/postmenopausal women (i) presumed to have no medical disease (no disease group) or (ii) with unknown status of medical disease (no record group) and undergoing health check-up program at the time of registration without prior hormone therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD Medical records of new patients registering at the menopause clinic from January 1999 to December 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS Among 1,020 patients undergoing health check-up program, there were 366 patients in the no disease group. They had abnormal health parameters listing by frequency of prevalence including hypercholesterolemia (62.3%), suboptimal blood pressure (49.3%), overweight to obese (30.2%), suboptimal fasting blood sugar (2 7.9%), hypertriglyceridemia (21.3%), abnormal liver function tests (5.4-6.9%), and abnormal kidney function tests (0.5%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was statistically higher in the no record group compared to the no disease group; such abnormal parameters included hypercholesterolemia (> or =200 ml/dL), high blood level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C > or = 130 mg/dL), and high ratio between LDL-C and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio >3). Osteoporosis was found in 6.6% of the patients. Abnormal mammographic findings that needed close follow-up or breast biopsy were found in 13.5%. Twelve patients had breast biopsy and none had breast cancer. CONCLUSION Abnormal health parameters are common in pre/postmenopausal women presumed to have no medical disease. The similar or even worse findings are also found in those whose status of medical diseases was unknown. Therefore, a routine health screening program, especially for metabolic diseases, should be offered to pre/postmenopausal women regardless of their medical history.
The Effects of Aesthetic Science Activities on Improving At-Risk Families Children's Anxiety About Learning Science and Positive Thinking

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of aesthetic science activities on improving elementary school at-risk families’ children's positive thinking, attitudes toward science, and decreasing their anxiety about learning science. Thirty-six 4th-grade children from at-risk families volunteered to participate in a 12-week intervention and formed the experimental group; another 97 typical 4th graders were randomly selected to participant in the assessment and were used as the comparison group. The treatment for experimental group children emphasized scaffolding aesthetic science activities and inquiry strategies. The Elementary School Student Questionnaire was administered to assess all children's positive thinking, attitudes toward science, and anxiety about learning science. In addition, nine target children from the experimental group with the lowest scores on either positive thinking, or attitudes toward science, or with the highest scores on anxiety about learning science in the pre-test were recruited to be interviewed at the end of the intervention and observed weekly. Confirmatory factor analyses, analyses of covariance, and content theme analysis assessed the similarities and differences between groups. It was found that the at-risk families’ children were motivated by the treatment and made significant progress on positive thinking and attitudes toward science, and also decreased their anxiety about learning science. The findings from interviews and classroom observations also revealed that the intervention made differences in children's affective perceptions of learning science. Implication and research recommendation are discussed.
Measuring Local Gradients of Intramitochondrial [Ca2+] in Cardiac Myocytes During Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release

Rationale: Mitochondrial [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]mito) regulates mitochondrial energy production, provides transient Ca2+ buffering under stress, and can be involved in cell death. Mitochondria are near the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in cardiac myocytes, and evidence for crosstalk exists. However, quantitative measurements of [Ca2+]mito are limited, and spatial [Ca2+]mito gradients have not been directly measured. Objective: To directly measure local [Ca2+]mito during normal SR Ca release in intact myocytes, and evaluate potential subsarcomeric spatial [Ca2+]mito gradients. Methods and Results: Using the mitochondrially targeted inverse pericam indicator Mitycam, calibrated in situ, we directly measured [Ca2+]mito during SR Ca2+ release in intact rabbit ventricular myocytes by confocal microscopy. During steady state pacing, &Dgr;[Ca2+]mito amplitude was 29±3 nmol/L, rising rapidly (similar to cytosolic free [Ca2+]) but declining much more slowly. Taking advantage of the structural periodicity of cardiac sarcomeres, we found that [Ca2+]mito near SR Ca2+ release sites (Z-line) versus mid-sarcomere (M-line) reached a high peak amplitude (37±4 versus 26±4 nmol/L, respectively P<0.05) which occurred earlier in time. This difference was attributed to ends of mitochondria being physically closer to SR Ca2+ release sites, because the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter was homogeneously distributed, and elevated [Ca2+] applied laterally did not produce longitudinal [Ca2+]mito gradients. Conclusions: We developed methods to measure spatiotemporal [Ca2+]mito gradients quantitatively during excitation–contraction coupling. The amplitude and kinetics of [Ca2+]mito transients differ significantly from those in the cytosol and are respectively higher and faster near the Z-line versus M-line. This approach will help clarify SR-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling.
Talking Like a Generation: The ‘Documentary’ Meaning of Ethnicity for Aging Minority Britons

This article contributes to the ‘cognitive turn’ in the study of ethnicity and national identity, which focuses on how individuals construct ethnic identity categories pertinent to social cohesion. Using Mannheim as a methodological and analytical guide, we show how examining ethnicity as a relational enactment devoid of a priori categorisations allows situational identities that intersect with classical sociological concepts other than ethnicity – namely generation, class, and citizenship – to emerge within and across typical ethnic categorisations. We draw on an analysis of micro-level interactions among 40 aging ‘black and minority ethnics’ (BMEs) engaging in small-group discussions and a large deliberative assembly held in London in 2011.
ERP Correlates of Directed Forgetting Effects in Direct and Indirect Memory Tests

Directed forgetting effects on direct (recognition) and indirect (categorisation) memory tests were analysed using electrophysiological (ERPs) and behavioural (RT and accuracy) measures. These effects were evaluated in relation to the two main hypotheses traditionally proposed to explain them (i.e. the differential rehearsal and inhibition hypotheses). In the study phase, 100 words were presented, each followed by either a remember (R) or a forget (F) instruction. In the test phase, half of the subjects performed a recognition task (old vs new words) and the other half did a categorisation task (concrete vs abstract words). In the study phase, ERPs following Rinstruction differed from those elicited by F-instruction, being more positive in the first 400 msec post-stimulus and becoming less positive from 400 to 800 msec. In the test phase, the effects of the forgetting manipulation were quite clear in the recognition test, affecting both ERP (from 200 to 300 and from 500 to 700 msec) and behavioural measur.
cAMP‐independent olfactory transduction of amino acids in Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Whether odorants are transduced by only one or more than one second messenger has been a long‐standing question in olfactory research. In a previous study we started to address this question mainly by using calcium imaging in the olfactory bulb. Here, we present direct evidence for our earlier conclusions using the calcium imaging technique in the mucosa slice. The above question can now unambiguously be answered. We show that some olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) respond to stimulation with amino acids with an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i. In order to see whether or not these responses were mediated by the cAMP transduction pathway we applied forskolin or the membrane‐permeant cAMP analogue pCPT‐cAMP to the olfactory epithelium. The ensemble of ORNs that was activated by amino acids markedly differed from the ensemble of neurons activated by forskolin or pCPT‐cAMP. Less than 6 % of the responding ORNs showed a response to both amino acids and the pharmacological agents activating the cAMP transduction pathway. We conclude that ORNs of Xenopus laevis tadpoles have both cAMP‐dependent and cAMP‐independent olfactory transduction pathways and that most amino acids are transduced in a cAMP‐independent way.
Barratt Impulsivity and Neural Regulation of Physiological Arousal

Background Theories of personality have posited an increased arousal response to external stimulation in impulsive individuals. However, there is a dearth of studies addressing the neural basis of this association. Methods We recorded skin conductance in 26 individuals who were assessed with Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and performed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging data were processed and modeled with Statistical Parametric Mapping. We used linear regressions to examine correlations between impulsivity and skin conductance response (SCR) to salient events, identify the neural substrates of arousal regulation, and examine the relationship between the regulatory mechanism and impulsivity. Results Across subjects, higher impulsivity is associated with greater SCR to stop trials. Activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) negatively correlated to and Granger caused skin conductance time course. Furthermore, higher impulsivity is associated with a lesser strength of Granger causality of vmPFC activity on skin conductance, consistent with diminished control of physiological arousal to external stimulation. When men (n = 14) and women (n = 12) were examined separately, however, there was evidence suggesting association between impulsivity and vmPFC regulation of arousal only in women. Conclusions Together, these findings confirmed the link between Barratt impulsivity and heightened arousal to salient stimuli in both genders and suggested the neural bases of altered regulation of arousal in impulsive women. More research is needed to explore the neural processes of arousal regulation in impulsive individuals and in clinical conditions that implicate poor impulse control.
Node-By-Node Greedy Deep Learning for Interpretable Features

Multilayer networks have seen a resurgence under the umbrella of deep learning. Current deep learning algorithms train the layers of the network sequentially, improving algorithmic performance as well as providing some regularization. We present a new training algorithm for deep networks which trains \emph{each node in the network} sequentially. Our algorithm is orders of magnitude faster, creates more interpretable internal representations at the node level, while not sacrificing on the ultimate out-of-sample performance.
Argumentation Mining

Argumentation is pervasive—in everyday life as well as in politics and media. People exchange arguments to persuade each other, to achieve agreement, to make decisions, and more. Argumentation has been studied since ancient times (Aristotle 2007), and it is an active research topic across disciplines today, from logic to rhetoric to linguistics (van Eemeren et al. 2014). In a time of alternative facts and filter bubbles, arguments are of ever-increasing importance; when the truth of facts is unclear, we need to compare reasons for opposing claims, and we should do so beyond our own view. Computational research on argumentation is still young. It first evolved in the AI community, oriented toward formal argumentation (Dung 1995). Except for some early pioneering works, the natural language side is getting attention since the publication of the first approaches to mine arguments from text (Palau and Moens 2009). Since then, computational linguistics research on argumentation grows constantly, and impressive industrial applications such as IBM’s Debater start to appear. Since 2014, the ArgMining workshop series exists, annually taking place at ACL, EMNLP, or NAACL. Argumentation Mining is the first textbook on the topic. In line with ongoing research activities, it does not only tackle the identification and classification of claims, reasons, and their relations, but also the assessment and generation of argumentation. Although the focus is on natural language processing (NLP) techniques, the book covers connections to formal argumentation and some underlying techniques. The complementary pair of authors was a smart choice in this regard: Manfred Stede is one of the leading computational linguists for discourse processing, and Jodi Schneider represents the AI community and has specific expertise on scholarly communication and knowledge organization. Both have co-authored several papers on argumentation, and they obviously have a comprehensive overview of the topic; I couldn’t think of more than a few papers that I missed being discussed. The book contains ten chapters. After definitions and relevant basics (Chapters 1–2), it outlines common argument models and existing corpora (Chapters 3–4). Chapters 5 to 7 present computational aspects of argumentation mining, followed by assessment and generation approaches (Chapters 8–9), and a final conclusion (Chapter 10). Chapter 1 begins with a very compressed definition of argumentation from the literature. It then explicates each single term in the definition one after another, directly
A new technique for implantation of tissue culture melanoma cells in a murine model of metastatic ocular melanoma

&NA; The aim of this study was to compare the transcorneal and transconjunctival techniques for the implantation of intraocular melanoma cells and development of metastasis in a murine model. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were given either transconjunctival or transcorneal inoculations of 2.5 × 105/2.5 &mgr;l tissue culture B16‐LS9 melanoma cells into the intraocular posterior compartment (PC). The eyes were enucleated at 4‐11 days post‐inoculation and histologically examined. The mice were sacrificed 14 days after enucleation and necropsies were performed with histological evaluation for visceral metastases. Intraocular and extraocular tumour growth was present in all of the eyes inoculated via the transconjunctival route. Pulmonary metastases were found in this group if the eye was enucleated 7 or more days post‐inoculation. The melanoma remained confined to the inside of the eye in the transcorneal group until day 7. Haematogenous metastases to the lung and liver developed from the intraocular melanoma in this group. Transcorneal inoculation of tissue culture melanoma cells into the murine PC provides a useful animal model for visceral metastasis of ocular melanoma.
The Role of the Language Specialist in Disciplinary Teaching: In Search of a Subject?

The data for this paper come from multilingual and multicultural mainstream English secondary school classrooms in which two kinds of teachers, language specialists and subject specialists, work together with students on various educational processes. The foci in this paper are the roles, relationships and talk of the two kinds of teachers in this secondary school context. An analysis is undertaken of how the teachers are differently constructed through their discursive pedagogic classroom practices. At the core of this investigation is an interest in how teachers' talk combines with a variety of pedagogic practices, themselves already invested with social structure, to create learning opportunities. The performance of these roles, relationships and discursive practices impact not only on the teachers' status within the school but also on how 'languages' (first and other) and diversity are viewed in the learning and teaching processes.
Qualitative activity recognition of weight lifting exercises

Research on activity recognition has traditionally focused on discriminating between different activities, i.e. to predict which activity was performed at a specific point in time. The quality of executing an activity, the how (well), has only received little attention so far, even though it potentially provides useful information for a large variety of applications. In this work we define quality of execution and investigate three aspects that pertain to qualitative activity recognition: specifying correct execution, detecting execution mistakes, providing feedback on the to the user. We illustrate our approach on the example problem of qualitatively assessing and providing feedback on weight lifting exercises. In two user studies we try out a sensor- and a model-based approach to qualitative activity recognition. Our results underline the potential of model-based assessment and the positive impact of real-time user feedback on the quality of execution.
Spatial organization of CaATPase molecules in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

Fluorescence intensity, polarization, and (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase (CaATPase) activity were measured for sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) CaATPase with varying amounts of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) attached at a specific site at or near the ATP binding site. The stoichiometry of attached FITC was proportional to the inhibition of ATPase activity, consistent with the independent labeling of one FITC site per CaATPase molecule. Polarization measurements on vesicular CaATPase indicated the occurrence of energy-transfer depolarization that increased as the fraction of binding sites labeled by FITC increased. Addition of the nonionic detergent dodecyl nonaoxyethylene alcohol (C12E9) eliminated the energy-transfer depolarization for all degrees of labeling with little direct effect on the attached FITC molecule. Fluorescence polarization measurements on sizing-column-purified FITC-labeled CaATPase in the presence of 30 mM C12E9 indicated that the sample consisted of homogeneous monomeric CaATPase. The attached FITC molecule was not sensitive to the bulk viscosity for either the vesicular or the detergent-solubilized CaATPase. The midpoints of the transition from vesicular to monomeric CaATPase as a function of increasing detergent concentration were determined from fluorescence polarization and light-scattering measurements. The dependence of these midpoints on the CaATPase concentration indicated a stoichiometry of 262 +/- 35 molecules of C12E9 per CaATPase in the detergent-protein complex. Both measurements gave the same result. The decrease of fluorescence polarization with increasing saturation of the FITC binding sites for vesicular and detergent-solubilized CaATPase was analyzed in terms of energy-transfer depolarization to determine the spatial arrangements of CaATPase molecules. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Engagement and Adherence With ezPARENT, an mHealth Parent-Training Program Promoting Child Well-Being

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions use mobile technology (tablets and smartphones) delivery platforms for interventions to improve health outcomes. Despite growing acceptance, there is little understanding of how consumers engage with and adhere to mHealth interventions. This study analyzes usage data from the intervention arm (n = 42) of a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of the ezPARENT program and provides recommendations for using engagement and adherence metrics. Engagement was measured by parent usage (duration, frequency, and activity) of ezPARENT and adherence using an adherence index (the sum of individual modules completed, number of visits to ezPARENT, and maximum time between visits). Parents spent M = 37.15 min per module and had M = 13.55 program visits in the 3-month intervention period. Parents visited the program over a period of M = 69.5 days and completed 82% of the modules. These data provide support that parents will use intervention programs delivered digitally; engagement and adherence metrics are useful in evaluating program uptake.
Sample size in four areas of psychological research.

Previous research reported descriptive statistics on the typical sample size in psychological research as reported in four American Psychological Association journals. The data from the journals were presented as a single sample, thus precluding analysis of sample size in research from various areas of psychology. The current article presents data journal by journal in order to examine sample sizes in four areas of psychological research: abnormal, applied, developmental, and experimental psychology. The results of the journal by journal analyses revealed obvious differences in sample sizes according to the area studied. The experimental area used the smallest samples, the applied area used the largest, and the developmental and abnormal psychology areas used equal sizes that fell between the other two
A Comment on “The Comprehensive System for the Rorschach: A Critical Examination”

Wood, Nczworski, and Stejskal are correct in noting that the Comprehensive System has been scrutinized less carefully than might have been expected or desired A few critiques have addressed isolated variables in the system, and some comments that have been published suggest that attempts at detailed scoring-coding of the Rorschach tend to neglect the idiographic features of the subject and that the system itself has limited use because it is not aligned with any particular theory of personality This article by Wood et al evolves from a different perspective in which the authors attempt to evaluate the system from an empirical basis Unfortunately, I am not sure that they have achieved their objective, mainly because the manner in which they have addressed each of the issues selected for discussion presents a rather misleading picture Let me attempt to address each in this comment