Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global modeling of equatorial plasma bubbles

The NRL three‐dimensional ionospheric simulation code SAMI3 is used to model the onset and evolution of equatorial spread F (ESF). SAMI3 is a comprehensive ionosphere model that has been modified to self‐consistently solve for the global neutral wind driven dynamo electric field as well as the gravity driven electric field associated with plasma bubbles. The latter is achieved with a high resolution longitudinal grid in the pre‐ to post‐sunset sector (i.e., 1630 MLT–2230 MLT). Initial results from the new simulation model are presented. It is shown that ESF can be triggered by pre‐sunset ionospheric density perturbations, and that an existing ESF bubble can trigger a new bubble.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Physicians in Oriental Medicine Hospitals in Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Survey

Interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is growing worldwide, even in Vietnam where traditional medicine is considered mainstream. We conducted a survey of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of CAM therapies among physicians in oriental medicine (OM) hospitals in Vietnam. A two-stage random selection process selected 337 physicians who were interviewed using a face-to-face method with a standardized structured questionnaire. Data from 312 physicians who completed the questionnaire suggested that oriental herbal medicine and acupuncture (Vietnamese OM version) were the more commonly used CAM modalities compared with Vietnamese folk medicine and other forms of CAM. A broad range of CAM modalities, particularly chiropractice, diet supplements, and dietary therapy, and an excessive proportion of western medication were employed in conjunction with OM in the physicians' daily practice. Their daily practice was influenced by the source of knowledge, education level, medical specialty, and working environment. These findings suggest that physicians in OM hospitals in Vietnam have interests in various forms of CAM therapies besides traditional modes.
Animals and humans in the European Russian Arctic towards the end of the last Ice Age and during the mid‐Holocene time

Here, we present and discuss results from geo‐archaeological and palaeo‐zoological investigations at the Palaeolithic site Pymva Shor, in the Russian Arctic. As many as 3324 vertebrate fauna remains were recovered during two excavations. This includes bones of mammals, birds and fish. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from 26 specimens. The results show ages in the range 30–3 cal. ka BP. Hare and reindeer are the best represented amongst the identified mammalian species, whilst ptarmigan and various wader species dominate the avian bones. The Pleistocene assemblage includes herbivorous herd animals such as horse, bison and musk ox. These species are typical of the treeless tundra‐steppe landscape that existed during the Lateglacial. Of particular interest is a cave lion specimen that has been radiocarbon dated to approximately 15.5 cal. ka BP. According to our knowledge, this is one of the latest dated examples of this species in Eurasia. The faunal composition in the Holocene assemblage is strikingly different and includes distinct forest taxa such as beaver and pine marten. The avifauna also supports a forested environment with the presence of black grouse. A few stone artefacts were found within the strata, and have been radiocarbon dated to 16–15 cal. ka BP, suggesting that there were humans in the Pymva Shore area at that time. We identified impact notches and cut marks on some radiocarbon‐dated reindeer and bison bones, showing that humans were present twice during the Younger Dryas period. A fourth occupation phase is identified during the mid‐Holocene (6–5 cal. ka BP). We also investigated river terraces and obtained a series of luminescence dates. These have been used to reconstruct the geological history and the relationship to the find‐bearing strata.
Biliary-Pancreatic Endoscopic and Surgical Procedures in Patients under Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Single-Center Study

Background/Aims Dual antiplatelet therapy has to be used for at least 1 month after placement of bare metal coronary stents and for a minimum of 1 year after placement of drug eluting stents. Because of the higher risk of bleeding, guidelines strongly recommend to delay elective surgery until dual antiplatelet therapy is ended. However, no data are available regarding the bleeding risk in patients on combined aspirin/clopidogrel therapy undergoing surgical or high-risk endoscopic procedures. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical reports of patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, the patients who had to undergo emergency biliary-pancreatic surgery or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with endoscopic sphincterotomy while in our unit between January 2009 and July 2012. Results In our series, biliary-pancreatic surgical and endoscopic procedures were safely performed in 11 consecutive patients on dual antiplatelet therapy with no evidence of bleeding. Conclusions In emergency, surgical and high risk endoscopic procedures may be performed in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy.
FSMD partitioning for low power using simulated annealing

It is well known that significant power savings can be obtained by disabling or shutting down parts of a circuit during idle periods. One method is to use a high level partitioning technique which considers both the controller and the datapath together. The FSMD is split into two or more simpler communicating processors. These separate processors can then be clock gated or power gated to achieve dramatic power savings since only one processor is active at any given time. Here, we propose a technique which uses simulated annealing to efficiently partition a FSMD for power gating. We use this non-linear model to partition 4 application circuits. We then develop a framework to estimate the potential power savings. The estimation framework shows that up to 69% static power savings and 30% dynamic power savings can be expected.
Fundamental investigation in two flashover-based trigger methods for low-pressure gas discharge switches

Modern switches for pulse-power technology have special requirements such as long lifetime, reliability in a wide pressure and voltage range, as well as small delay time. In order to meet these requirements, two trigger methods were developed and examined. These two different trigger methods based on a flashover were tested for the emission behavior by variation of different parameters. The first configuration is a semiconductor surface flashover trigger, where electron emission is based on a surface flashover between the contact area of a copper spring and a carbide cylinder. The second trigger concept is the high-dielectric trigger, where electrons are released by the field emission effect at the transition between metal-vacuum and dielectric. For this system, high dielectric materials with dielectric constants in the order of 2000 are available. The electrical and optical measurements of both trigger systems were done in a modular structured vacuum chamber. For lower pressure, the high-dielectric trigger shows better performances and higher emitted charge of the electron emission within all adjusted parameters like gas pressure, applied voltage, and different wirings. In addition to the higher emitted charge, the emitted electrons from the high-dielectric material have higher energies. For the lifetime characteristic, the high-dielectric trigger shows lifetimes much higher than 100 million discharges.
Helmet use in BIXI cyclists in Toronto, Canada: an observational study

Objective To investigate the use of helmets for cyclists choosing to use BIXI bikes in comparison to personal bike riders in the City of Toronto. Design Cross-sectional study design. Setting Cyclists were observed in Toronto, Canada. Participants Of the 6732 sample size, 306 cyclists on BIXI bikes and 6426 personal bike riders were observed. Outcome measure The outcome of interest was helmet use. Results Overall, 50.3% of cyclists wore helmets. The proportion of BIXI bike riders using helmets was significantly lower than the proportion of helmet users on personal bikes (20.9% vs 51.7%, respectively, p<0.0001). Conclusions Although the BIXI bike programme has provided an alternate means for Torontonians to use a bicycle, cyclists using BIXI bikes are much less likely to wear a helmet. Since the prevalence of helmet use in cyclists in general is already low, helmet use should be especially promoted in BIXI bike riders in order to promote a safe and healthy environment for cyclists.
Clinical profile, electrodiagnosis and outcome in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a Singapore perspective.

INTRODUCTION Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS ) is the most common entrapment neuropathy seen in our neurodiagnostic laboratory referrals. We describe the clinical profile, and outcome in patients with electrophysiological diagnosis of CTS seen in our centre over a six month period. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out and included 134 consecutive patients with CTS referred to the Neurodiagnostic Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, from October 2003 to March 2004, for the confirmatory testing. Severity grade was assigned following American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine criteria of CTS. RESULTS The majority of patients were female (81.3 percent) with mean age of presentation being 53.6 years. Chinese women constitute the majority racial group. Paraesthesia (70.1 percent) and numbness (19.4 percent) were the presenting sensory symptoms. In the nerve conduction study, 108 patients had bilateral CTS with 35 having unilateral symptoms. Dominant hand involvement was present in 92.3 percent. Overall, 40.3 percent had mild, 46.3 percent had moderate and 13.4 percent had severe CTS, with median duration of symptoms of two, four and 12 months, respectively. Follow-up data were available for 115 patients. 27 patients with surgical treatment showed resolution or improvement in 53.3 percent with moderate CTS, and 83.3 percent with severe CTS, at three-month follow-up. 14 patients turned up for six-month follow-up and 92.9 percent showed improvement in symptoms. 88 patients were managed conservatively; symptoms were unchanged or worsened in 80.6 percent with mild CTS, 65.9 percent with moderate CTS, and 62.5 percent with severe CTS at three-month follow-up. Of the 54 patients who turned up for six-month follow-up, the clinical symptom remain unchanged or worsened in 68.5 percent. CONCLUSION The severity of CTS is associated with longer duration of symptoms. Sensory symptoms and dominant hand involvement is more common. There is a high default rate in the clinical follow-up. Early surgical intervention results in either resolution or improvement in symptoms, whereas conservative management does not affect the natural history with symptoms that persisted or worsened with time.
Bio-Control of Salmonella Enteritidis in Foods Using Bacteriophages

Two lytic phages, vB_SenM-PA13076 (PA13076) and vB_SenM-PC2184 (PC2184), were isolated from chicken sewage and characterized with host strains Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) ATCC13076 and CVCC2184, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that they belonged to the family Myoviridae. The lytic abilities of these two phages in liquid culture showed 104 multiplicity of infection (MOI) was the best in inhibiting bacteria, with PC2184 exhibiting more activity than PA13076. The two phages exhibited broad host range within the genus Salmonella. Phage PA13076 and PC2184 had a lytic effect on 222 (71.4%) and 298 (95.8%) of the 311 epidemic Salmonella isolates, respectively. We tested the effectiveness of phage PA13076 and PC2184 as well as a cocktail combination of both in three different foods (chicken breast, pasteurized whole milk and Chinese cabbage) contaminated with SE. Samples were spiked with 1 × 104 CFU individual SE or a mixture of strains (ATCC13076 and CVCC2184), then treated with 1 × 108 PFU individual phage or a two phage cocktail, and incubated at 4 °C or 25 °C for 5 h. In general, the inhibitory effect of phage and phage cocktail was better at 4 °C than that at 25 °C, whereas the opposite result was observed in Chinese cabbage, and phage cocktail was better than either single phage. A significant reduction in bacterial numbers (1.5–4 log CFU/sample, p < 0.05) was observed in all tested foods. The two phages on the three food samples were relatively stable, especially at 4 °C, with the phages exhibiting the greatest stability in milk. Our research shows that our phages have potential effectiveness as a bio-control agent of Salmonella in foods.
Modular Statically Typed Multimethods

Multimethods offer several well-known advantages over the single dispatching of conventional object-oriented languages, including a simple solution to the "binary method" problem, cleaner implementations of the "visitor," "strategy," and similar design patterns, and a form of "open objects. " However, previous work on statically typed multimethods whose arguments are treated symmetrically has required the whole program to be available in order to perform typechecking. We describe Dubious, a simple core language including first-class generic functions with symmetric multimethods, a classless object model, and modules that can be separately typechecked. We identify two sets of restrictions that ensure modular type safety for Dubious as well as an interesting intermediate point between these two. We have proved each of these modular type systems sound.
A fast method to derive minimum SOPs for decomposable functions

This paper shows that divide-and-conquer derives a minimum sum-of-products expression (MSOP) of functions that have an AND hi-decomposition when at least one of the suhfunctions is orthodox. This extends a previous result showing that divide-and-conquer derives the MSOP of the AND hidecomposition of two orthodox functions. We show that divideand- conquer does not always pmduce an MSOP when neither function is orthodox. However, our experimental results show that, in this case, it derives a near minimal SOP. At the same time, our approach significantly reduces the time needed to find an MSOP or near minimal SOP. Also, we extend our rrsults to functions that have a tri-decomposition.
Flt3‐ligand induces adhesion of haematopoietic progenitor cells via a very late antigen (VLA)‐4‐ and VLA‐5‐dependent mechanism

Summary. The adhesion of haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to the bone marrow microenvironment is a process regulated by cytokines. In this study, we have shown that flt3‐ligand (FL), a growth factor that controls early haematopoiesis, regulated the function and expression of the beta‐1 integrins, very late antigen (VLA)‐4 and VLA‐5 on HPC. The modulation of the adhesiveness of HPC by FL was studied by adhesion assays on umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Stimulation by FL induced two peaks of increased adhesiveness of HPC. The first peak was at around 30 min and was mechanistically related to an activation of the beta‐1 integrins, mainly VLA‐4 and VLA‐5. The second peak was at around 12 h and was related to increased expression of VLA‐4 and VLA‐5. The control of HPC adhesiveness by FL is a previously unreported property of FL that may be important for the homing and the retention of flt3‐expressing HPC within the bone marrow microenvironment.
Evaluation of the zonal wind stress response to SST in the CMIP5 AMIP simulations

Abstract Zonal wind stress plays an important role in the evolution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events; however, a comprehensive comparison and analysis in terms of model performance and related bias in the interannual variability of zonal wind stress across the tropical Pacific has yet to be performed. In this study, the authors evaluate how well the individual atmospheric models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulate zonal wind stress. It is found that the wind stress anomalies simulated by the multi-model ensemble are weaker than those in the observation in both El Niño and La Niña events, with a larger bias in the former. Further analysis indicates that the bias associated with El Niño events may be mainly attributable to the weaker negative precipitation anomalies in the AMIP simulations, compared with observations, over the eastern Indian Ocean. Through the Gill-like responses in atmospheric circulation, the rainfall bias over the eastern Indian Ocean results in an easterly wind stress anomaly in the western and central equatorial Pacific, which to some extent offsets the westerly wind stress anomalies associated with El Niño events. Consequently, the responses of zonal wind stress anomalies to warm SST anomalies are much underestimated in AMIP simulations during El Niño events.
Newborn infants can organize the auditory world

The perceptual world of neonates is usually regarded as not yet being fully organized in terms of objects in the same way as it is for adults. Using a recently developed method based on electric brain responses, we found that, similarly to adults, newborn infants segregate concurrent streams of sound, allowing them to organize the auditory input according to the existing sound source. The segregation of concurrent sound streams is a crucial step in the path leading to the identification of objects in the environment. Its presence in newborn infants shows that the basic abilities required for the development of conceptual objects are available already at the time of birth.
Reliability of Reviews on the Internet: The Case of TripAdvisor

Given the rampant growth of travel-related user-generated content on the Internet, this paper seeks to investigate the reliability of reviews in TripAdvisor, a popular travel review site. To support the goal, two objectives are submitted. The first is to locate clusters of highly-interlocked hotels that have been evaluated by a common pool of reviewers. This enables review baselines to be established, which in turn facilitates detection of anomalies. The second is to determine the inter-reviewer and intra-reviewer reliability of reviews. Results suggest that reviews in TripAdvisor could be largely reliable. The findings gleaned from the results are discussed.
A value sensitive design approach to parental software for young children

Parental control software enables parents to support risk-management of their children's digital media use. However, tools to support online opportunities are left unexplored. This paper presents an explorative inquiry into stakeholder values related to parental software for young children, using a Value Sensitive Design approach. By studying values, we aim to illuminate design of parental software solutions that are responsive to the issues families find most important. We engaged in value exploration of corporate and parental values, and conducted a workshop with the corporate stakeholders to align stakeholder values. The results highlight the importance of values such as 'control for safety' and 'involvement' in the development of parental software for young children. The contribution of this paper lies in the understanding of stakeholder needs and values concerning software tools that balance online risks and opportunities for young children.
Study 1 : The Effect of Photo-Taking on Enjoyment of a Real-Life Bus Tour

Experiences are vital to the lives and well-being of people; hence, understanding the factors that amplify or dampen enjoyment of experiences is important. One such factor is photo-taking, which has gone unexamined by prior research even as it has become ubiquitous. We identify engagement as a relevant process that influences whether photo-taking will increase or decrease enjoyment. Across 3 field and 6 lab experiments, we find that taking photos enhances enjoyment of positive experiences across a range of contexts and methodologies. This occurs when photo-taking increases engagement with the experience, which is less likely when the experience itself is already highly engaging, or when photo-taking interferes with the experience. As further evidence of an engagement-based process, we show that photo-taking directs greater visual attention to aspects of the experience one may want to photograph. Lastly, we also find that this greater engagement due to photo-taking results in worse evaluations of negative experiences.
Insular activation during reward anticipation reflects duration of illness in abstinent pathological gamblers

Pathological gambling (PG) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by a difficulty restraining gambling behavior despite negative consequences. Although brain abnormalities in patients with substance use disorders are caused by repetitive drug use and recover partly with drug abstinence, the relationship between brain activity and duration of illness or abstinence of gambling behavior in PG patients remains unclear. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the brain activity of 23 PG patients recruited from a treatment facility with 27 demographically-matched healthy control subjects during reward anticipation, and examined the correlations between brain activity and duration of illness or abstinence in PG patients. During reward anticipation, PG patients showed decreased activity compared to healthy controls in a broad range of the reward system regions, including the insula cortex. In PG patients, activation in the left insula showed a significant negative correlation with illness duration. Our findings suggest that insular activation during reward anticipation may serve as a marker of progression of pathological gambling.
New Approach for Phylogenetic Tree Recovery Based on Genome-Scale Metabolic Networks

A wide range of applications and research has been done with genome-scale metabolic models. In this work, we describe an innovative methodology for comparing metabolic networks constructed from genome-scale metabolic models and how to apply this comparison in order to infer evolutionary distances between different organisms. Our methodology allows a quantification of the metabolic differences between different species from a broad range of families and even kingdoms. This quantification is then applied in order to reconstruct phylogenetic trees for sets of various organisms.
Taxonomy , life cycle , distribution and dasmotrophy of Chrysochromulina : a theory accounting for scales , haptonema , muciferous bodies and toxicity

This article reviews exlsting literature on the known Chrysochromulina species, and describes work that has been conducted on the life cycle and taxonomic affinities of these nanoplank-tonic protists. In light of this information, we propose functions for the scales, muciferous bodles, and haptonema, and their relationship to toxicity, presenting a theory of auxotrophy following induced osmosis ('dasmotrophy') by cooperative assemblages of Chrysochromulina species. Dasmotrophy (from Greek baopou, taxation) is a form of remote parasitism. Prey organisms are compelled to return a small fraction of their contained nutrients to the environment through transient leaks in cell membranes caused by extracellular chemicals produced by Chrysochromulina. Successful dasmotrophy requires corresponding behav~our on the part of the organism, expressed as a characteristic life style and well exemplified by Chrysochromulina.