Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Children's Mathematical Knowledge: Social Class, Sex and Problem-Solving

The research - origins, methods, issues children and realistic test items - reflecting on previous studies realistic items - two children, two cultural competences? class, sex, contextualization and performance - a quantitative analysis at Key Stage 2 realistic items, class and sex - two examples from Key Stage 2 class, sex, selection for tiers and performance - a quantitative analysis at Key Stage 3 children's answers to items and explicitness - examples from Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 constructing the right goal - a comparative analysis of two Key Stage 3 items.
PEMBERIAN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK DISERTAI REWARD TERHADAP EFIKASI DIRI DAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA DI SMA

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar dan efikasi diri antara siswa yang diberi corrective feedback disertai reward dengan siswa yang tanpa diberi corrective feedback disertai reward serta mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pemberian corrective feedback disertai reward terhadap hasil belajar kimia kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian “ Nonequivalent Control Group Design ”. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 3 sebanyak 29 siswa dan kelas XI IPA 4 sebanyak 30 siswa. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kimia dan efikasi diri antara siswa yang diberi corrective feedback disertai reward dengan siswa yang tanpa diberi corrective feedback disertai reward serta memiliki pengaruh dengan kaitegori sangat tinggi terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yaitu dengan Effect Size sebesar 1,2. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian corrective feedback disertai reward dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan efikasi diri siswa. Kata Kunci: Corrective Feedback, Reward, Efikasi Diri, Hasil Belajar Abstract: This purpose of this research was observe differences of learning outcame and self efficacy between students from the application of corrective feedback and reward with students who weren’t given the application of corrective feedback and reward to chemistry learning outcame of class XI SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak. The types of this research is "Nonequivalent Control Group Design". The subject of this research is graders XI IPA 3 which amount 29 students and XI IPA 4 which amount to 30 students. The result of this research showed differences chemistry learning outcame and self efficacy between students from the application of corrective feedback and reward with student who weren’t given the application of corrective feedback and reward and give to influence with very high categorized to student’s learning outcame increating of Effect size that was 1,2. From on the result of this research can be concluded that the application of the corrective feedback and reward effectively to enhace students learning outcame and self efficacy. Keywords: Corrective Feedback, Reward, Self Efficacy, Learning Outcame
Microwave Voltage-Controlled Oscillator With Harmonic-Suppressed Stepped-Impedance-Resonator Filter

This brief proposes a new low-phase-noise microwave voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a harmonic-suppressed stepped-impedance-resonator (SIR) filter. Since the filter is synthesized by multiple resonators, it can provide a high-quality factor to improve the phase-noise performance. In addition, the harmonic-suppressed property of the filter adopted in this brief can alleviate the noise contributed from the oscillation harmonics. By applying the two techniques mentioned, the proposed VCO is designed at 2.4 GHz with a three-pole Butterworth filter, which is synthesized by the parallel transmission-line SIRs to reduce the circuit size. The proposed VCO using a three-pole filter has a measured phase noise of −147 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency with a corresponding figure-of-merit of −203.18 dBc/Hz.
Ascending granule cell axon: An important component of cerebellar cortical circuitry

Physiologic evidence suggests that local activation of the cerebellar granule cell layer produces a much more restricted spatial activation of overlying Purkinje cells than would be expected from the parallel fiber system. These results have led to the suggestion that synapses associated with the ascending granule cell axon may provide a large, direct, excitatory input to Purkinje cells, whereas parallel fiber synapses may be more modulatory in nature. In the current experiments, serial electron microscopy was used to reconstruct synapses associated with these two segments of the granule cell axons in the cerebellar cortex of albino rats. The results indicate that there are significantly more presynaptic vesicles in ascending segment synapses than in parallel fiber synapses. Furthermore, a first‐order linear regression analysis revealed positive correlations between all measures of pre‐ and postsynaptic morphology for parallel fibers, but not for ascending segment synapses. Perhaps most surprisingly, serial reconstructions of postsynaptic spines and their associated dendrites demonstrated that spines contacted by ascending segment synapses are located exclusively on the smallest diameter distal regions of the Purkinje cell dendrites, whereas parallel fiber synapses are found exclusively on intermediate‐ and large‐diameter regions of the spiny branchlets. Based on two independent calculations, we estimate that 20% of the granule cell synapses onto a Purkinje cell are actually made by the ascending segment. By using computer simulations of a single Purkinje cell dendrite, we have also demonstrated that synchronous activation of these distal ascending segment inputs could produce a substantial somatic response. Taken together, these results suggest that the two different regions of granule cell axons may play very different physiologic roles in cerebellar cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 408:580–596, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Hardware Preemptive Multitasking Mechanism Based on Scan-path Register Structure for FPGA-based Reconfigurable Systems

In this paper, we propose a hardware preemptive multitasking mechanism which uses scan-path register structure and allows identifying the total task's register size for the FPGA-based reconfigurable systems. The main objective of this preemptive mechanism is to suspend hardware task having low priority, replace it by high-priority task and restart them at another time (and/or from another area of the FPGA in FPGA-based designs). The main advantages of the proposed method are that it provides an attractive way for context saving and restoring of a hardware task without freezing other tasks during pre-emption phases and a small area overhead. We show its feasibility by allowing us to design a simple computing example as well as the implementation of AES-128 encryption algorithm which are presented in and detailed on the Xilinx Virtex FPGA technology.
Analyzing Organizational Structure based on 7s model of McKinsey

Aim of this research was investigating and analyzing organizational structure free zone of Qeshm based on 7 S of McKinsey. Current research was applicable as well as descriptive and surveying. Statistical of research included managers and experts of free zone of Qeshm. We used n order to determine of simple random sampling in order to determine type of statistical sample and we used Cohcaran in order to determine amount of statistical sample. Following, we used 84 people as statistical sample. We used questionnaire in order to measure tools of the research and reliability of research is tested by alpha Cronbach (0.848) and validity of research is determined by professor and experts. We used Kolmogorov-Smirinov and T-test and Freedman test in order to analyze data. Results of research indicated that organizational structure based on 7-S McKinsey. Result of research indicated that organizational structure based on 7-S McKinsey in free zone of Qeshm is unfavorable and common value, clerks and structure had the worst conditions. In according to findings of research, it is recommended that managers of free zone of Qeshm more pay attention to internal environment of organization and improvement of procedure.
Spamology: A Study of Spam Origins

The rise of spam in the last decade has been staggering, with the rate of spam exceeding that of legitimate email. While conjectures exist on how spammers gain access to email addresses to spam, most work in the area of spam containment has either focused on better spam filtering methodologies or on understanding the botnets commonly used to send spam. In this paper, we aim to understand the origins of spam. We post dedicated email addresses to record how and where spammers go to obtain email addresses. We find that posting an email address on public Web pages yields immediate and high-volume spam. Surprisingly, even simple email obfuscation approaches are still sufficient today to prevent spammers from harvesting emails. We also find that attempts to find open relays continue to be popular among spammers. The insights we gain on the use of Web crawlers used to harvest email addresses and the commonalities of techniques used by spammers open the door for radically different follow-up work on spam containment and even systematic enforcement of spam legislation at a large scale.
Ansiedad y depresión en adultos mayores

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el funcionamiento psicologico en adultos mayores del noroeste de Mexico. Participaron 82 sujetos jubilados y pensionados, quienes respondieron la Escala de Depresion Geriatrica de Yesavage en su version corta en espanol, asi como la version mexicana del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck, para medir los constructos de depresion y ansiedad, respectivamente, tomados como indicadores de funcionamiento psicologico. Los resultados indican la presencia de estos problemas clinicos en los participantes, mas no se identifico relacion de estos con el sexo y estado civil. Ademas, se revelaron en el estudio las excelentes propiedades psicometricas de los instrumentos de medicion utilizados.
Nonhypotensive Dose of Telmisartan Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Partially Due to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-&ggr; Activation in Mice With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Background and Purpose— The effect of telmisartan, an angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr;-modulating activity, was investigated against spatial working memory disturbances in mice subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods— Adult C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis using external microcoils. Mice received a daily oral administration of low-dose telmisartan (1 mg/kg per day), high-dose telmisartan (10 mg/kg per day), or vehicle with or without peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; antagonist GW9662 (1 mg/kg per day) for all treatments for 30 days after bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. Cerebral mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-&agr; was measured 30 days after bilateral common carotid artery stenosis, and postmortem brains were analyzed for demyelinating change with Klüver-Barrera staining and immunostained for glial, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelial cell markers. Spatial working memory was assessed by the Y-maze test. Results— Mean systolic blood pressure and cerebral blood flow did not decrease with low-dose telmisartan but significantly decreased with high-dose telmisartan. Low-dose telmisartan significantly attenuated, but high-dose telmisartan provoked, spatial working memory impairment with glial activation, oligodendrocyte loss, and demyelinating change in the white matter. Such positive effects of low-dose telmisartan were partially offset by cotreatment with GW9662. Consistent with this, low-dose telmisartan reduced the degree of oxidative stress of vascular endothelial cells and the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-&agr; compared with vehicle. Conclusions— Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of telmisartan that were exerted in part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; activation, but not its blood pressure-lowering effect, have protective roles against cognitive impairment and white matter damage after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
A Dual-Signaling Mechanism Mediated by the ArcB Hybrid Sensor Kinase Containing the Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer Domain in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The two components ArcB and ArcA play a crucial role in the signal transduction implicated in the complex transcriptional regulatory network that allows Escherichia coli to sense various respiratory growth conditions. ArcB is a hybrid sensor kinase having multiple phosphorylation sites in its primary amino acid sequence, including a transmitter, a receiver, and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) domain. ArcA is a DNA-binding transcriptional regulator with a receiver domain. Results of recent in vitro studies revealed multistep His-to-Asp phosphotransfer circuitry in the ArcB-ArcA signaling system. For this report we conducted a series of in vivo experiments using a set of crucial ArcB mutants to evaluate the regulation of the sdh operon. The results suggested that the phosphorylated His-717 site in the HPt domain of ArcB is essential for anaerobic repression of sdh. Nonetheless, the ArcB mutant lacking this crucial His-717 site does not necessarily exhibit a null phenotype with respect to ArcB-ArcA signaling. The HPt mutant appears to maintain an ability to signal ArcA, particularly under aerobic conditions, which results in a significant repression ofsdh. Based on these and other in vivo results, we propose a model in which ArcB functions in its own right as a dual-signaling sensor that is capable of propagating two types of stimuli through two distinct phosphotransfer pathways.
Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbial Communities in Forest and Alpine Musk Deer Using High-Throughput Sequencing

The gut ecosystem is characterized by dynamic and reciprocal interactions between the host and bacteria. Although characterizing microbiota for herbivores has become recognized as important tool for gauging species health, no study to date has investigated the bacterial communities and evaluated the age-related bacterial dynamics of musk deer. Moreover, gastrointestinal diseases have been hypothesized to be a limiting factor of population growth in captive musk deer. Here, high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to profile the fecal bacterial communities in juvenile and adult alpine and forest musk deer. The two musk deer species harbored similar bacterial communities at the phylum level, whereas the key genera for the two species were distinct. The bacterial communities were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, with the bacterial diversity being higher in forest musk deer. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio also increased from juvenile to adult, while the bacterial diversity, within-group and between-group similarity, all increased with age. This work serves as the first sequence-based analysis of variation in bacterial communities within and between musk deer species, and demonstrates how the gut microbial community dynamics vary among closely related species and shift with age. As gastrointestinal diseases have been observed in captive populations, this study provides valuable data that might benefit captive management and future reintroduction programs.
Journal club: Acute abdominal pain in elderly patients: effect of radiologist awareness of clinicobiologic information on CT accuracy.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether the availability of clinicobiologic findings would affect the diagnostic performance of CT of elderly emergency department patients with nontraumatic acute abdominal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cases of 333 consecutively registered patients 75 years old or older presenting to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain and who underwent CT were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists blinded or not to the patient's clinicobiologic results. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated according to the level of correctly classified cases in both the entire cohort and a surgical subgroup and was compared between readings performed with and without knowledge of the clinicobiologic findings. Agreement between each reading and the reference diagnosis and interobserver agreement were assessed with kappa statistics. RESULTS In both the entire cohort (87.4% vs 85.3%, p = 0.07) and the surgical group (94% vs 91%, p = 0.15), there was no significant difference in CT accuracy between diagnoses made when the radiologist was aware and those made when the radiologist was not aware of the clinicobiologic findings. Agreement between the CT diagnosis and the final diagnosis was excellent whether or not the radiologist was aware of the clinicobiologic findings. CONCLUSION In the care of elderly patients, CT is accurate for diagnosing the cause of acute abdominal pain, particularly when it is of surgical origin, regardless of the availability of clinical and biologic findings. Thus CT interpretation should not be delayed until complete clinicobiologic data are available, and the images should be quickly transmitted to the emergency physician so that appropriate therapy can be begun.
Monoamine Releasers with Varying Selectivity for Dopamine/Norepinephrine versus Serotonin Release as Candidate “Agonist” Medications for Cocaine Dependence: Studies in Assays of Cocaine Discrimination and Cocaine Self-Administration in Rhesus Monkeys

Monoamine releasers constitute one class of drugs under investigation as candidate medications for the treatment of cocaine abuse. Promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained with amphetamine, which has high selectivity for releasing dopamine/norepinephrine versus serotonin. However, use of amphetamine as a pharmacotherapy is complicated by its high abuse potential. Recent preclinical studies suggest that nonselective monoamine releasers or serotonin-selective releasers have lower abuse liability and may warrant evaluation as alternatives to amphetamine. To address this issue, the present study evaluated the effects of five monoamine releasers in assays of cocaine discrimination and cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. The releasers varied along a continuum from dopamine/norepinephrine-selective to serotonin-selective [m-fluoroamphetamine (PAL-353), methamphetamine, m-methylamphetamine (PAL-314), 1-napthyl-2-aminopropane (PAL-287), fenfluramine]. In drug discrimination studies, rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate saline from cocaine (0.4 mg/kg i.m.) in a two-key, food-reinforced drug discrimination procedure. Substitution for cocaine was positively associated with selectivity for dopamine/norepinephrine versus serotonin release. In drug self-administration studies, rhesus monkeys responded for cocaine (0.01 and 0.032 mg/kg/injection) and food (1-g pellets) under a second-order fixed-ratio 2 (variable-ratio 16:S) schedule. In general, monoamine releasers produced dose-dependent and sustained decreases in cocaine self-administration. However, the dopamine/norepinephrine-selective releasers decreased cocaine self-administration with minimal effects on food-maintained responding, whereas the more serotonin-selective releasers produced nonselective reductions in both cocaine- and food-maintained responding. These results are consistent with the conclusion that dopamine/norepinephrine-selective releasers retain cocaine-like abuse-related effects but may also be capable of producing relatively selective reductions in the reinforcing effects of cocaine.
Profiling leaders: using a profiling approach to examine the effects of multifactor leadership on follower deviance

PROFILING LEADERS: USING A PROFILING APPROACH TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF MULTIFACTOR LEADERSHIP ON FOLLOWER DEVIANCE KEVIN T. WYNNE August 2012 Advisor: Boris B. Baltes, PhD Major: Psychology (Industrial/Organizational) Degree: Master of Arts Researchers are only beginning to understand how leadership types affect important organizational outcomes at the individual level. Specifically, as a leading theoretical model, multifactor leadership theory has been used as a framework to study various organizational phenomena. However, researchers have largely examined leadership types in isolation, failing to explicitly acknowledge that leaders can and often do enact varying levels of multiple leadership types. The current thesis suggests that leaders demonstrate a profile made up of different types of leadership and proposes four specific leader profiles. This thesis also aimed to determine the conditions under which leadership profile types affect follower deviance. It was found that passivity- oriented leadership led to significantly more frequent follower deviance than transformational-oriented leadership. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a revised typology. Lastly, organizational identification was not found to be a moderating variable, although its main effects explained variance in follower deviance.
Diversity of penA Alterations and Subtypes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains from Sydney, Australia, That Are Less Susceptible to Ceftriaxone

ABSTRACT Increasing numbers of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and other oral cephalosporins widely used for the treatment of gonorrhea have been isolated in Sydney, Australia, over several years. In this study, we examined the complete penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) amino acid sequences of 109 gonococci, selected on the basis of their diverse temporal and geographic origins and because they exhibited a range of ceftriaxone MICs: ≤0.03 μg/ml (n = 59), 0.06 μg/ml (n = 43), and 0.125 μg/ml (n = 7). Auxotyping, serotyping, and genotyping by N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing sequence-based analysis was also performed. In total, 20 different amino acid sequence patterns were identified, indicating considerable variation in the PBP 2 sequences in this study sample. Only some of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates with significantly higher ceftriaxone MICs contained a mosaic PBP 2 pattern, while more isolates exhibited a nonmosaic PBP 2 pattern containing an A501V substitution. Although particular N. gonorrhoeae genotypes in our sample were shown to be less susceptible to ceftriaxone, the reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was not specific to any particular genotype and was observed in a broad range of auxotypes, serotypes, and genotypes. Overall, the results of our study show that N. gonorrhoeae strains exhibiting reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone are not of a particular subtype and that a number of different mutations in PBP 2 may contribute to this phenomenon.
All our kin : strategies for survival in a Black community

* The Flats * Black Urban Poor Stereotypes Versus Reality * Swapping: "What Goes Round Comes Round" * Personal Kindreds: "All Our Kin" * Child-Keeping: "Gimme a Little Sugar" * Domestic Networks: "Those You Count On" * Women and Men: "I'm Not in Love with No Man Really" * Conclusion with John R. Lombardi
Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research.

Appraisal theory has become one of the most active aproaches in the domain of emotion psychology. The appraisal process consists of the subjective evaluation that occurs during the individual's encounter with significant events in the environment, thus determining the nature of the emotional reaction and experience. The organism's interpretation of events and situations elicits and differentiates its emotional responses, although the exact processes involved and the limits of the theory are still a matter of debate and are currently the object of active research. This volume is intended to become the primary source of information on appraisal for all those interested in emotion, from beginning graduate students to accomplished researchers in emotion psychology.