Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immediate functional loading of edentulous maxilla: a 5-year retrospective study of 388 titanium implants.

BACKGROUND Immediate functional loading is a new surgical-prosthetic technique that can be used extensively in implant placement. Because of a lack of experimental reports regarding edentulous maxilla, we decided to evaluate the survival rate of immediately loaded dental implants in this area. METHODS Forty-three patients (44.4% male) with a median age of 55 years receiving 388 implants (mean 9.0 per case) were enrolled in this study. Cross-arch acrylic provisional restorations were performed in the same stage. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier product limit estimation. Stratification of implants survival was performed for the available variables of interest, and comparisons were analyzed by a log rank test. Cox algorithm was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS At 5-year follow-up, the crude survival rate (overall survival not stratified according to any available variable) was 98%. All failures occurred within 6 months from loading. We found differences in survival relating to: 1) implant diameter (99.37% for diameter < or =5.25 mm and 93.75% for diameter >5.25 mm); 2) number of implants (99.29% for < or =10 implants and 96.30% for >10); and 3) gender (97.08% and 99.54% for males and females, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that diameter of implants adjusted for patient age and gender was associated to an average risk of failure (hazard rate) of 3.13 (P value = 0.042, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 9.43) per mm (from 3 to 6.5). CONCLUSIONS Immediate functional loading is a reliable surgical-prosthetic procedure in edentulous maxillae. Implants with wider diameter are associated with a higher risk of failure.
The Matrix of Control: Combining Process and Structure Approaches to Managing Software Development

The performance of firms in the software industry depends considerably on the quality of their software development processes. Managing software development is a challenging task, as management controls need to impose discipline and coordinate action to ensure goals are met while simultaneously incorporating autonomy to motivate software developers to be innovative and produce quality work. How should such firms manage software development projects so that their development processes are flexible and predictable--resulting in products that meet quality goals and that are delivered within budget and on time? The management literature suggests two approaches to control: the process approach and the structure approach. The process approach recommends control of activities through specifying methods (behavior control) and through specifying performance criteria (outcome control). In contrast, the structure approach recommends control through centrally devised standards for activities (standardization) and by the delegation of authority for decision-making (decentralization). This study synthesizes these two approaches to suggest that formal managerial control is exerted through a matrix of control comprising four modes: standardization of methods, standardization of performance criteria, decentralization of methods, and decentralization of performance criteria. We test the association of the modes of control with performance in a sample of 56 firms in the software industry in the United States. The results suggest that performance is enhanced by establishing uniform performance criteria across projects (standardization of performance criteria) while giving each project team the authority to make decisions with respect to methods (decentralization of methods). However, standardization of methods across all projects and decentralization of performance criteria by delegating the authority to make decisions about performance criteria to project teams were both not significantly related to performance. The matrix of control and its relationship to performance has theoretical and practical implications for managing software development. This model of control is also likely to be useful in other knowledge-work-intensive settings.
Coronary artery compliance and adaptive vessel remodelling in patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that patients with unstable coronary syndromes show accentuated compensatory vessel enlargement compared with patients with stable angina, and that this may in part be related to increased coronary artery distensibility. DESIGN AND PATIENTS In 23 patients with unstable coronary syndromes (10 with non-Q wave myocardial infarction and 13 with unstable angina), the culprit lesion was investigated by intravascular ultrasound before intervention. The vessel cross sectional area (VA), lumen area (LA), and plaque area (VA minus LA) were measured at end diastole and end systole at the lesion site and at the proximal and distal reference segments. Similar measurements were made in 23 patients with stable angina admitted during the same period and matched for age, sex, and target vessel. Calculations were made of remodelling index (VA at lesion site ÷ VA at reference site), distensibility index ([(ΔA/A)/ΔP] × 103, where ΔA is the luminal area change in systole and diastole and ΔP the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured at the tip of the guiding catheter during a cardiac cycle), and stiffness index β ([ln(Psys/Pdias)]/(ΔD/D), where Psys is systolic pressure, Pdias is diastolic pressure, and ΔD is the difference between systolic and diastolic lumen diameters). Positive remodelling was defined as when the VA at the lesion was > 1.05 times larger than at the proximal reference site, and negative remodelling when the VA at the lesion was < 0.95 of the reference site. RESULTS Mean (SD) LA at the lesion site was similar in both groups (4.03 (1.8) v4.01 (1.93) mm2), while plaque area was larger in the unstable group (13.29 (4.04) v 8.34 (3.6) mm2, p < 0.001). Remodelling index was greater in the unstable group (1.14 (0.18) v 0.83 (0.15), p < 0.001). Positive remodelling was observed in 15 patients in the unstable group (65%) but in only two (9%) in the stable group (p < 0.001). Negative remodelling occurred only in two patients with unstable symptoms (9%) but in 17 (74%) with stable symptoms. At the proximal reference segment, the difference in LA between systole and diastole was 0.99 (0.66) mm2 in the unstable group and 0.39 (0.3) mm2 in the stable group (p < 0.001), and the calculated coronary artery distensibility was 3.09 (2.69) and 0.94 (0.83) per mm Hg in unstable and stable patients, respectively (p < 0.001). The stiffness index β was lower in patients with unstable angina (1.95 (0.94) v 3.1 (0.96), p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compensatory vessel enlargement occurs to a greater degree in patients with unstable than with stable coronary syndromes, and is associated with increased coronary artery distensibility.
Molecular survey of Hepatozoon Species in Lizards From North Africa

Abstract The prevalence of Hepatozoon parasites in 460 lizards from North Africa was studied by amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene provides new insights into the phylogeny of these parasites with multiple genetically distinct lineages recovered. Parasite prevalence differed significantly between lacertid lizards and geckos. Our results show that there is limited host specificity and no clear relation to the geographical distribution of Hepatozoon parasites.
Intra-Species Diversity and Panmictic Structure of Cryptosporidium parvum Populations in Cattle Farms in Northern Spain

The intra-herd and intra-host genetic variability of 123 Cryptosporidium parvum isolates was investigated using a multilocus fragment typing approach with eleven variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci and the GP60 gene. Isolates were collected from intensively farmed diarrheic pre-weaned calves originating from 31 dairy farms in three adjoining regions in northern Spain (País Vasco, Cantabria and Asturias). The multilocus tool demonstrated an acceptable typeability, with 104/123 samples amplifying at all twelve loci. The ML2, TP14, GP60 and the previously un-described minisatellite at locus cgd2_3850 were the most discriminatory markers, while others may be dismissed as monomorphic (MSB) or less informative (CP47, ML1 and the novel minisatellites at loci Cgd1_3670 and Cgd6_3940). The 12-satellite typing tool provided a Hunter-Gaston index (HGDI) of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.982–0.992), and differentiated a total of 70 multilocus subtypes (MLTs). The inclusion of only the four most discriminatory markers dramatically reduced the number of MLTs (n: 44) but hardly reduced the HGDI value. A total of 54 MLTs were distinctive for individual farms, indicating that cryptosporidiosis is an endemic condition on most cattle farms. However, a high rate of mixed infections was detected, suggesting frequent meiotic recombination. Namely, multiple MLTs were seen in most farms where several specimens were analyzed (90.5%), with up to 9 MLTs being found on one farm, and individual specimens with mixed populations being reported on 11/29 farms. Bayesian Structure analysis showed that over 35% of isolates had mixed ancestry and analysis of evolutionary descent using the eBURST algorithm detected a high rate (21.4%) of MLTs appearing as singletons, indicating a high degree of genetic divergence. Linkage analysis found evidence of linkage equilibrium and an overall panmictic structure within the C. parvum population in this discrete geographical area.
Sexual behavior modulates contextual fear memory through dopamine D1/D5 receptors

Traumatic events always lead to aversive emotional memory, i.e., fear memory. In contrast, positive events in daily life such as sex experiences seem to reduce aversive memory after aversive events. Thus, we hypothesized that post‐traumatic pleasurable experiences, especially instinctive behaviors such as sex, might modulate traumatic memory through a memory competition mechanism. Here, we first report that male rats persistently expressed much lower fear responses when exposed to females, but not when exposed to males, for 24 h immediately after contextual fear conditioning. Remarkably, this effect of sexual behavior was blocked by either systemic or intrahippocampal injection of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist R(+)‐7‐chloro‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390) and was mimicked by systemic but not intrahippocampal injection of the D1/D5 receptor agonist R(+)‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine‐7,8‐diol hydrochloride (SKF39393). Furthermore, as a candidate mechanism underlying contextual fear memory, the impaired induction of hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) elicited by conditioned fear was rescued in male rats immediately exposed to female but not male rats for 24 h. Systemic injection of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or agonist SKF38393 prevented or mimicked the effect of sexual behavior on the impaired induction of hippocampal LTP. Thus, our finding suggests that dopaminergic functions may, at least partially, govern competition between contextual fear and enjoyable memories through the modulation of hippocampal LTP. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Comparison of various noninvasive serum markers of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver disease].

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. METHODS We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. RESULTS There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (> or =F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (> or =F3). CONCLUSIONS All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis.
The fundamental properties of galaxies and a new galaxy classification system

We present in this paper a new three-dimensional galaxy classification system designed to account for the diversity of galaxy properties in the nearby universe. To construct this system we statistically analyse a sample of >22 000 galaxies at v < 15 000 km s−1 (z < 0.05) with Spearman rank and principal-component analyses (PCAs). Fourteen major galaxy properties are considered, including: Hubble type, size, colour, surface brightness, magnitude, stellar mass, internal velocities, H i gas content and an index that measures dynamical disturbances. We find, to a high degree, that most galaxy properties are correlated, with in particular Hubble type, colour and stellar mass all strongly related. We argue that this tight three-way correlation is a result of evolutionary processes that depend on galaxy mass, as we show that the relation between colour and mass is independent of Hubble type. Various PCAs reveal that most of the variation in nearby galaxy properties can be accounted for by eigenvectors dominated by (i) the scale of a galaxy, such as its stellar mass, (ii) the spectral type and (iii) the degree of dynamical disturbances. We suggest that these three properties: mass, star formation and interactions/mergers are the major features that determine a galaxy's physical state, and should be used to classify galaxies. As shown by Conselice et al., these properties are measurable within the CAS (concentration, asymmetry, clumpiness) structural system, thus providing an efficient mechanism for classifying galaxies in optical light within a physical meaningful framework. We furthermore discuss the fraction and number density of galaxies in the nearby universe as a function of Hubble type, for comparison with higher redshift populations.
A large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance during the magnetic storm of 15 September 1999

enhancement of GPS total electron content (� 1.0 � 10 16 m � 2 ). Multipoint and imaging observations of these parameters show that the LSTID moved equatorward over Japan with a velocity of � 400–450 m/s. From a comparison with the Sheffield University Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) we conclude that an enhancement (250–300 m/s) of poleward neutral wind (that is propagating equatorward) caused these observational features of the LSTID at midlatitudes. To investigate generation of the LSTID by auroral energy input, we have used auroral images obtained by the Polar UVI instrument, magnetic field variations obtained at multipoint ground stations, and the empirical Joule heating rate calculated by the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique. Intense auroral energy input was observed at 0800–1100 UT (4–6 hours before the LSTID), probably causing equatorward neutral wind at lower latitudes. It is likely that the poleward wind pulse that caused the observed LSTID was generated associated with the cessation of this equatorward wind. The effect of Lorentz force is also discussed. INDEX TERMS: 0310 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Airglow and aurora; 2427 Ionosphere: Ionosphere/atmosphere interactions (0335); 2435 Ionosphere: Ionospheric disturbances; 2437 Ionosphere: Ionospheric dynamics; 2788 Magnetospheric Physics: Storms and substorms; KEYWORDS: large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance, thermosphere–ionosphere coupling, magnetic storm, airglow imaging, GPS network, ionosonde
Self-medication of irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia: How appropriate is it?

Objective: Self-medication is common among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This study was performed to evaluate self-medication among patients who fulfilled irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and dyspepsia diagnostic criteria and to investigate the appropriateness of self-medication with chemical and herbal drugs. Methods: A prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient′s GI clinics at Shiraz from November 2011 to May 2012. A GI specialist visited the patients and recruited those who had IBS (base on Rome III adapted criteria) or functional dyspepsia. We surveyed self-medication among these patients, using a questionnaire containing specific questions about self-medication. Findings: One thousand four hundred and forty-seven patients visited by the GI specialist during the study period. Seven hundred and forty-seven patients had the inclusion criteria, 337 of them fulfilled criteria for IBS, with IBS-mixed (52%) being the most prevalent subtype, and 410 patients had dyspepsia. Overall, 78.8% of the total participants had recently sought medical attention for their GI complaint. Twenty-eight percent of patients selected inappropriate medication for their GI complaints. The H2-blockers class were most common medicines reportedly used. We did not find any significant relationship between age, gender, level of education, marital status, and self-medication frequency. Conclusion: Patients who fulfilled criteria for IBS had a high tendency to self-treat their GI symptoms, use of acid-suppressive agents was common among patients. Around one-third of patients self-treated GI symptoms inappropriately. Consequently, the concept of self-medication among patients has to be revised. We recommend conduction of educational programs to improve self-medications selection and attitude among patients to reduce the burden on other health care resources.
Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Fully Dense Ti2SC

Because the layered machinable ternary carbide, Ti2SC, has a significantly shorter c-lattice parameter—as compared with most of the 50+ other so-called Mn+1AXn (MAX) phase family (M=early transition metal; A=A group element and X=C or N and n=1–3) to which it belongs—it was postulated that its mechanical properties would be significantly different than the other MAX phases. In this work, fine-grained (FG) and coarse-grained (CG) polycrystalline fully dense Ti2SC samples were fabricated. Hot pressing Ti2SC powders, at 1500°C under a stress of ∼45 MPa for 5 h resulted in FG (2–4 μm) samples which and upon further annealing for 20 h at 1600°C resulted in CG (10–20 μm) ones. No peaks other than those associated with Ti2SC and an impurity anatase phase, with a volume fraction of ∼6 vol% were observed in the XRD patterns and micrographs. The average Vickers hardness in the 2–300 N range is 8±2 GPa with the FG samples being slightly harder. This hardness is the highest of any of the MAX phases characterized to date. Also in contrast to all MAX phases, cracks extended from the corners of Vickers indents in the FG samples. From these cracks the fracture toughness was estimated and found to increase more or less linearly with load from ≈4 to 6 MPa·m1/2 as the Vickers force was increased from 50 to 300 N, respectively. The room temperature compressive stress of the FG samples was 1.4±0.2 GPa; the failure mode was brittle. Its Young's modulus—also one of the highest for a M2AX phase measured to date—was 316±2 GPa. There was no evidence for incipient kink band formation during simple compression. The latter is attributed, in part, to the fine grain size of the hot-pressed material.
Was low CO 2 a driving force of C 4 evolution : Arabidopsis responses to long-term low CO 2 stress

The responses of long-term growth of plants under elevated CO2 have been studied extensively. Comparatively, the responses of plants to subambient CO2 concentrations have not been well studied. This study aims to investigate the responses of the model C3 plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, to low CO2 at the molecular level. Results showed that low CO2 dramatically decreased biomass productivity, together with delayed flowering and increased stomatal density. Furthermore, alteration of thylakoid stacking in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, upregulation of PEPC and PEPC-K together with altered expression of a number of regulators known involved in photosynthesis development were observed. These responses to low CO2 are discussed with regard to the fitness of C3 plants under low CO2. This work also briefly discusses the relevance of the data to C4 photosynthesis evolution.
Event-related TMS over the right posterior parietal cortex induces ipsilateral visuo-spatial interference

The right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is implicated in visuo-spatial processing, as illustrated by patients with visuo-spatial neglect, but the precise time-course of its contribution is still an open question. In the present study we assessed whether single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can interfere with the performance of normal subjects in a standard visuo-spatial task. Participants had to perform a landmark task while TMS was applied over the right PPC, the homologue region in the left hemisphere or the right primary motor cortex. Stimulation was time-locked to the stimulus presentation with a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) varying between 50 and 200 ms. Our results indicate that TMS interfered mainly with the visuo-spatial task when applied over the right PPC at an early stage (50 ms post-stimulus). The interference effect of single-pulse TMS in the present visuo-spatial processing is revealed by a processing cost for ipsilateral targets. These results are in agreement with neuropsychological and brain imaging studies showing a right hemispheric dominance in visuo-spatial processing but add crucial information about the time-course of visuo-spatial processing within the right PPC.
An Investigation of the Factors Involved in Regulating Ventricular Size and the Production of Hydrocephalus *

The failure of the present csf shunting devices to provide a long‐term cure for all infants with hydrocephalus, and the present inability to explain the natural history of some types of hydrocephalus by anatomical blockage, suggest that mechanisms other than blockage are involved in the production of hydrocephalus.
SiP Tuner With Integrated LC Tracking Filter for Both Cable and Terrestrial TV Reception

A silicon tuner has been designed for the reception of analog or digital TV signals from a cable or a terrestrial network. It exhibits 5 dB NF over the 42-870 MHz frequency range and integrates a self-calibrated LC tracking filter. This allows 55 dB video SNR under fully loaded spectrum conditions. The (N + 1) image channel is rejected by more than 62 dB thanks to a fully integrated full complex mixer with auto calibration. The 5.7 mm2 active die is fabricated in 40-GHz fT BiCMOS 0.25 mum technology and dissipates 780 mW running from a 3.3 V supply.