Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monetary Favors and Their Influence on Neural Responses and Revealed Preference

Favors from a sender to a receiver are known to bias decisions made by the recipient, especially when the decision relates to the sender, a feature of social exchange known as reciprocity. Using an art-viewing paradigm possessing no objectively correct answer for preferring one piece of art over another, we show that sponsorship of the experiment by a company endows the logo of the company with the capacity to bias revealed preference for art displayed next to the logo. Merely offering to sponsor the experiment similarly endowed the gesturing logo of the company with the capacity to bias revealed preferences. These effects do not depend upon the size of the displayed art or the proximity of the sponsoring logo to the piece of art. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that such monetary favors do not modulate a special collection of brain responses but instead modulate responses in neural networks normally activated by a wide range of preference judgments. The results raise the important possibility that monetary favors bias judgments in domains seemingly unrelated to the favor but nevertheless act in an implicit way through neural networks that underlie normal, ongoing preference judgments.
Transport properties of InAs nanowire field effect transistors: The effects of surface states

It is shown that interface trap states have pronounced effects on carrier transport and parameter extraction from top-gated InAs nanowire field effect transistors (NWFETs). Due to slow surface state charging and discharging, the NWFET characteristics are time dependent with time constants as long as ∼45s. This is also manifested in a time-dependent extrinsic transconductance that severely affects carrier mobility and carrier density determination from conventional three-terminal current-voltage characteristics. Slow gate voltage sweep rates result in charge balance between carrier capture and emission from interface states and lead to reduced hysteresis in the transfer curves. The gate transconductance is thus increased and intrinsic NW transport parameters can be isolated. In the InAs NWFETs, a carrier mobility value of ∼16000cm2∕Vs was obtained from the transfer curves at slow sweep rates, which is significantly higher than ∼1000cm2∕Vs obtained at fast sweep rates. A circuit model that takes into accoun.
Mifepristone (RU-486) treatment for depression and psychosis: a review of the therapeutic implications

The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of severe psychiatric illnesses are complex, involving multiple neuronal and neurochemical pathways. A growing body of evidence indicates that alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function may be a trait marker in both mood disorders and psychosis, and may exert significant causal and exacerbating effects on symptoms and neurocognition. At present, however, no available treatments preferentially target HPA axis abnormalities, although many drugs do increase feedback-regulation of the HPA axis at the level of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This action may in part underpin their therapeutic efficacy. Therapeutic interventions directly targeted at GR function may therefore have clinical benefit. The present review examines the current literature for the clinical utility of GR antagonists (specifically mifepristone) in mood disorders and psychosis. At present, most studies are at the “proof-of-concept” stage, although the results of preliminary, randomized, controlled trials are encouraging. The optimum strategy for the clinical application of GR antagonists is yet to be established, their potential role as first-line or adjunctive treatments being unclear. The therapeutic utility of such drugs will become known within the next few years following the results of larger clinical trials currently underway.
Dorso-medial prefrontal cortex responses to social smiles predict sociability in early human development

Dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a vital role in social cognition and behavior among humans. Enhanced responses in dmPFC when viewing social scenes predict increased levels of sociability in adults. The current longitudinal study examined the association between dmPFC response and sociability in early development. Brain responses were measured in response to social smiles and frowns using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at 11 months. Individual differences in sociability were measured using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) at 18 months. Our longitudinal results show that greater engagement of the dmPFC when processing social smiles, but not frowns, at 11 months predict higher levels of sociability at 18 months. This demonstrates that early variability in dmPFC response during positive social interactions is linked to individual differences in overtly displayed social behavior. This supports the view that dmPFC plays an important role in social cognition and behavior from early in human ontogeny.
Single Anterior Procedure for Stabilization of a Three-Part Fracture of the Axis (Odontoid Dens and Hangman Fracture): Case Report

Study Design. A case of a 3-part fracture of the axis combining an odontoid dens and a hangman fracture is reported. Objective. To describe a single anterior procedure allowing stabilization with an odontoid screw fixation and a C2–C3 fusion in a case of complex fracture of the axis. Summary of Background Data. Even if fractures of the axis are common, multiples fractures of the axis are rare and their management is still challenging for surgeons who have to achieve primary stability, early mobilization, preserved cervical range of motion, and favorable outcome. Methods. A 79-year-old man was referred in our neurosurgical department 3 weeks after a bicycle accident. He had persistent neck pain without radicular pain. Neurologic examination was normal. The initial CT scan showed a rare and complex fracture of the axis consisting of a fracture of the dens and a traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2–C3. Results. The surgical procedure was performed using an anterior cervical approach under fluoroscopic guidance. First, a C2–C3 fusion was performed using an iliac crest graft. Then an anterior odontoid screw was placed under fluoroscopic guidance. Finally, an anterior plating of C2–C3 covering the odontoid screw was achieved. Postoperative course was uneventful and patient was discharged at day 6. Conclusion. This single time procedure was able to achieve primary stability of the fractures of the axis and offers the possibility of an early mobilization of the patient with a good outcome. This approach allowed a better preservation of the cervical range of motion compared with a classic posterior fusion.
Is There a Structural Break in Equilibrium Velocity in the Euro Area?

We investigate the stability of M3 income velocity in the euro area. We apply a set of breakpoint procedures to examine this issue and conclude that at least one structural change occurred around 2000-2001. We also find evidence of another structural break around 1992-1993. These two breaks seem to affect both the level and the slope of the income velocity of M3. We then estimate a model of equilibrium velocity that factors in the opportunity cost of M3, along the lines suggested by Orphanides and Porter (2000). Here again, we find some evidence of instability in equilibrium velocity. Given the importance of the assumption of stable velocity trends for both the derivation of the reference value and the two-pillar strategy of the Eurosystem, these findings question the relevance of some excess liquidity indicators directly computed from the reference value and may call for some adjustments in the conduct of the ECB's monetary policy.
Twenty years of public health research: inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations.

OBJECTIVES This study determined to what extent lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations have been studied over the past 20 years of public health research. METHODS From MEDLINE English-language articles on human subjects published between 1980 and 1999, I identified articles that included LGBT individuals. The abstracts were analyzed with a coding procedure that categorized the content by topic, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS LGBT issues were addressed by 3777 articles, or 0.1% of all Medline articles; 61% of the articles were disease-specific, and 85% omitted reference to race/ethnicity. Research unrelated to sexually transmitted diseases addressed lesbians and gay men with similar frequency, whereas bisexual persons were less frequently considered, and the least amount of research focused on transgender individuals. CONCLUSIONS Findings supported that LGBT issues have been neglected by public health research and that research unrelated to sexually transmitted diseases is lacking.
The Factors Affecting Partnership Quality of Information Systems Outsourcing of PACS for Hospital

The purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of outsourcing parnership between clients and providers in outsourcing project. Furthermore, the relationship between the quality of outsourcing partnership and the success of soutsourcing was also investigated in researchship. Survey methodology was utilized, and the subjects were the medical center that involved in PACS project in Taiwan. A total of 97 valid questuinnaires were collected. The collect data was analyzed by partial least squares to test related hypotheses.
The Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST): A scoping review of empirical studies

The evaluation of telemedicine can be achieved using different evaluation models or theoretical frameworks. This paper presents a scoping review of published studies which have applied the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST). MAST includes pre-implementation assessment (e.g. by use of participatory design), followed by multidisciplinary assessment, including description of the patients and the application and assessment of safety, clinical effectiveness, patient perspectives, economic aspects organisational aspects and socio-cultural, legal and ethical aspects. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In this article, research design and methods used in the multidisciplinary assessment are described, strengths and weaknesses are analysed, and recommendations for future research are presented.
The Takete—Maluma Phenomenon in Autism Spectrum Disorders

It has been reported that people tend to preferentially associate phonemes like /m/, /l/, /n/ to curvilinear shapes and phonemes like /t/, /z/, /r/, /k/ to rectilinear shapes. Here we evaluated the performance of children/adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypical controls in this audiovisual congruency phenomenon. Pairs of visual patterns (curvilinear vs rectilinear) were presented to a group of ASD participants (low- or high-functioning) and a group of age-matched neurotypical controls. Participants were asked to associate each item to non-meaningful phoneme clusters. ASD participants showed a lower proportion of expected association responses than the controls. Within the ASD group the performance varied as a function of the severity of the symptomatology. These data suggest that children/adolescents with ASD show, although at different degrees as a function of the severity of the ASD, lower phonetic-iconic congruency response patterns than neurotypical controls, pointing to poorer multisensory integration capabilities.
Impact of religion affiliation and religiosity on consumer innovativeness; the evidence of Malaysia

Introducing new product to the market is the only way to create sustainable competitive advantage. However, the success of any product/service in market is ultimately depended on consumer acceptance. Innovativeness is one of the individual characteristics that might influence the acceptance of novel product/services. Innovativeness itself also from other side might be affected by several factors such individual's religion affiliation and the level of commitment to his/her religion. This study tested the effect of religiosity on innovativeness to explore disparities between devote and casual religions' followers. Moreover, the relationship between religion affiliation and innovativeness was studied. The results showed that religiosity has negative impact on innovativeness. Furthermore, the result indicated that Buddhists have significantly lower innovativeness compared to Muslims, Christians and Hindus in Malaysia.
Regional‐scale development of opening‐mode calcite veins due to silica diagenesis

The formation and distribution of natural fractures in Cretaceous‐Paleogene strata in Jordan are strongly tied to diagenetic processes, which in turn reflect the lithology of the host material. Observations collected from subsurface cores show that widespread fracturing began before compaction of the host sediment was complete, based on ptygmatic folding of one set of mineral‐filled fractures (veins). Nonfolded veins are preferentially developed within heavily cemented layers. Calcium carbonate is the greatest volumetric component of the host sediment, and most fractures are at least partially filled by calcite. Dolomite‐bearing and silica‐bearing fractures are present in dolomitized and silicified host beds, respectively. Horizontal veins are filled by cone‐in‐cone calcite or, rarely, silica or dolomite. The stratigraphic arrangement and degree of compaction around ptygmatically folded calcite veins and chert nodules suggest that silica diagenesis was an important driver of early fractures. Nevertheless, those fractures were filled with carbonate cements as they opened, based on crack‐seal texture of the vein fill. The volume loss associated with silica diagenesis created fracture porosity, which was filled coevally by carbonate cements. The distribution of later veins reflects embrittlement of host layers by cementation and is consistent with crustal deformation as the primary fracture driver.
Permutation-based encryption , authentication and authenticated encryption

While mainstream symmetric cryptography has been dominated by block ciphers, we have proposed an alternative based on fixed-width permutations with modes built on top of the sponge and duplex construction, and our concrete proposal K . Our permutationbased approach is scalable and suitable for high-end CPUs as well as resource-constrained platforms. The la er is illustrated by the small K instances and the sponge functions Quark, Photon and Spongent, all addressing lightweight applications. We have proven that the sponge and duplex construction resist against generic a acks with complexity up to 2c/2, where c is the capacity. This provides a lower bound on the width of the underlying permutation. However, for keyed modes and bounded data complexity, a security strength level above c/2 can be proven. ForMAC computation, encryption and even authenticated encryptionwith a passive adversary, a security strength level of almost c against generic a acks can be a ained. This increase in security allows reducing the capacity leading to a be er efficiency. We argue that for keyed modes of the sponge and duplex constructions the requirements on the underlying permutation can be relaxed, allowing to significantly reduce its number of rounds. Finally, we present two generalizations of the sponge and duplex constructions that allow more freedom in tuning the parameters leading to even higher efficiency. We illustrate our generic constructions with proposals for concrete instantiations calling reduced-round versions of the K f [1600] and K f [200] permutations.
The Impact of Lifecourse Socioeconomic Position on Cardiovascular Disease Events in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Background Few studies have examined the impact of lifecourse socioeconomic position (SEP) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among African Americans. Methods and Results We used data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) to examine the associations of multiple measures of lifecourse SEP with CVD events in a large cohort of African Americans. During a median of 7.2-year follow-up, 362 new or recurrent CVD events occurred in a sample of 5301 participants aged 21 to 94. Childhood SEP was assessed by using mother’s education, parental home ownership, and childhood amenities. Adult SEP was assessed by using education, income, wealth, and public assistance. Adult SEP was more consistently associated with CVD risk in women than in men: age-adjusted hazard ratios for low versus high income (95% CIs), 2.46 (1.19 to 5.09) in women and 1.50 (0.87 to 2.58) in men, P for interaction=0.1244, and hazard ratio for low versus high wealth, 2.14 (1.39 to 3.29) in women and 1.06 (0.62 to 1.81) in men, P for interaction=0.0224. After simultaneous adjustment for all adult SEP measures, wealth remained a significant predictor of CVD events in women (HR=1.73 [1.04, 2.85] for low versus high). Education and public assistance were less consistently associated with CVD. Adult SEP was a stronger predictor of CVD events in younger than in older participants (HR for high versus low summary adult SEP score 3.28 [1.43, 7.53] for participants ≤50 years, and 1.90 (1.36 to 2.66) for participants >50 years, P for interaction 0.0846). Childhood SEP was not associated with CVD risk in women or men. Conclusions Adult SEP is an important predictor of CVD events in African American women and in younger African Americans. Childhood SEP was not associated with CVD events in this population.
Association of Blast Exposure in Military Breaching with Intestinal Permeability Blood Biomarkers Associated with Leaky Gut

Injuries and subclinical effects from exposure to blasts are of significant concern in military operational settings, including tactical training, and are associated with self-reported concussion-like symptomology and physiological changes such as increased intestinal permeability (IP), which was investigated in this study. Time-series gene expression and IP biomarker data were generated from “breachers” exposed to controlled, low-level explosive blast during training. Samples from 30 male participants at pre-, post-, and follow-up blast exposure the next day were assayed via RNA-seq and ELISA. A battery of symptom data was also collected at each of these time points that acutely showed elevated symptom reporting related to headache, concentration, dizziness, and taking longer to think, dissipating ~16 h following blast exposure. Evidence for bacterial translocation into circulation following blast exposure was detected by significant stepwise increase in microbial diversity (measured via alpha-diversity p = 0.049). Alterations in levels of IP protein biomarkers (i.e., Zonulin, LBP, Claudin-3, I-FABP) assessed in a subset of these participants (n = 23) further evidenced blast exposure associates with IP. The observed symptom profile was consistent with mild traumatic brain injury and was further associated with changes in bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability, suggesting that IP may be linked to a decrease in cognitive functioning. These preliminary findings show for the first time within real-world military operational settings that exposures to blast can contribute to IP.
Beyond Toplines : Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments ∗

Randomized experiments have become increasingly important for political scientists and campaign professionals. With few exceptions, these experiments have addressed the overall causal effect of an intervention across the entire population, known as the average treatment effect (ATE). A much broader set of questions can often be addressed by allowing for heterogeneous treatment effects. We discuss methods for estimating such effects developed in other disciplines and introduce key concepts, especially the conditional average treatment effect (CATE), to the analysis of randomized experiments in political science. We expand on this literature by proposing an application of generalized additive models (GAMs) to estimate non-linear heterogeneous treatment effects. We demonstrate the practical importance of these techniques by re-analyzing a major experimental study on voter mobilization and social pressure and a recent randomized experiment on voter registration and text messaging from the 2008 US election.
Evaluation of the effect of live LaSota Newcastle disease virus vaccine as primary immunization on immune development in broilers

Abstract Newcastle disease remains a major concern to the poultry industry; however, it can be managed with effective vaccination programs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 1× doses of live LaSota strain Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine administered oculo‐nasally on d one and 21 on development of humoral and cell‐mediated immune response in broilers, and to compare different immunization schedules. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment I (n = 320), Ross 308 birds were randomly assigned to an unvaccinated control group or vaccinated treatment. [Both treatments consisted of 4 pens per treatment and 40 birds per pen]. At d one, live NDV LaSota strain vaccine was used as a primary immunization to evaluate its impact on adaptive immunity. No substantial NDV‐specific humoral immune response was established. Body weights were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the vaccinated birds on d 4 and 7. Spleen index of the vaccinated birds was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at d 28 and 35. Flow cytometry showed reduced levels of peripheral and splenic B and T lymphocytes. Interferon gamma secreted by splenocytes and in circulation was measured; the results showed a reduced expression post‐secondary immunization. In Experiment II (n = 180), the role of maternal antibodies and primary vaccination at d one was evaluated using 3 vaccination protocols. Protocol 1 used live B1 strain as primary immunization, whereas protocol 2 used live LaSota strain. Protocol 3 used live LaSota strain after maternal antibodies had decayed. Protocol 3 resulted in the highest NDV‐titer level during the trial. Protocol 2 had the lowest NDV titer. Feed conversion was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in protocol 3 compared to 1 and 2. Overall, the results indicate that the use of live LaSota strain NDV vaccine as primary immunization at d one has a detrimental effect on the development of adaptive immunity in broilers; however, its use after the level of maternal antibodies decays results in a robust antigen‐specific humoral immune response.