Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value of Time Multipliers: A Review and Meta-analysis of European-wide Evidence

This paper is different in that it provides a review of time multipliers in contrast to the much more common reviews of monetary values. There are a number of attractions of analysing what are essentially within-study valuations of the time related attributes expressed in equivalent units of in-vehicle time rather than deducing the multipliers from analysis of more disparate monetary valuations. The paper provides the most comprehensive review of time multiplier evidence yet conducted, covering 12 attributes on a European wide scale. It assembles 1389 multipliers drawn from 244 studies covering 18 European countries and estimates a model to explain variations in these multipliers as a function of a large number of candidate explanatory variables. The multipliers considered are walk and wait time, access to public transport and waiting at interchange locations, time spent searching for a parking space and in congested traffic conditions, departure time shift, headway, schedule delay early and late, the standard deviation of travel time and late time. The main influences on the time multipliers are journey distance, mode and journey purpose. Whilst the author observes quite appreciable but plausible variations in some multipliers across contexts, the variation is less than is observed in reviews of monetary valuations. The results seem to be transferable across Europe and will provide a valuable resource, not least in allowing money values of a range of attributes to be deduced from the more widely available money values of in-vehicle time.
Post‐ischemic Hypermetabolism in Cat Brain

Delayed postischemk brain hypoperfusion and hypennetabolism are likely detrimental factors to neurologic recovery after transient global brain ischemia and may be mediated by catecholaraines acting via adrenergic receptors. We evaluated the effects of alpha and beta receptor blockade on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism after 16 min transient global brain ischemia. Ischemia was induced by arterial hypotension and a high pressure neck tourniquet in 13 anesthetized cats. Six cats were untreated, 4 received propranoloi 1 mg/kg, IV and 3 a combination of propranolol and phentolamine, one mg/kg injected one min before recircnlation. Total CBF was measured by continuous monitoring of cerebral venous 133Xe clearance after bolus intra-arterial injection. Arterial and cerebral venous oxygen, glucose and lactate were measured. Cerebral cortex glucose and lactate were measured 3 hours post-ischemia after in situ freezing with liquid N,. The cerebral cortex of 3 cats anesthetized, but not subjected to ischemia, was similarly frozen and analyzed for glucose and lactate. Total CBF was relatively constant for up to 3 h post-ischemia in all groups, but significant changes in fast and slow-flow rates and compartment sizes were observed. In untreated cats, the normal 60/40 percent relative weight of the fast and slow-flow compartments was reversed to 30/70 percent by 1 hr post-ischemia. Propranolol attenuated the size of the fast-flow compartment in the first 30 min post-ischemia which was partially restored by phentolamine. Brain oxygen consumption Increased 2 to 3-fold by 1 h post-lscbemia in all groups. Propranolol compromised CBF and impaired glucose and lactate oxidation which was partly reversed by phentolamine. We concluded that within the first 30 min post-ischemia, beta, and to a lesser extent, alpha receptors predominate in the modulation of cerebrovascular tone. By 1 h post-ischemia, however, adrenergic modulation of cerebrovascular tone is lost. Delayed post-ischemic hypermetabolism unlike stress-induced, but like hypoxia-induced hypermetabolism is only partially affected by beta blockade. Propranolol apparently compromises brain oxygen consumption secondary to a reduction in brain O, supply while phentolamine improves perfusion and oxygen consumption. Stroke, Vol 12, No 5, 1981
Technology Adoption Models - An Empirical Comparative Analysis for LMS Technology in Higher Education

The rapid technological advancement is changing the landscape of higher education. The efficacy of technology has spurred higher educational institutions to transform their educational structures and modes of knowledge dissemination from process-focused to student-focused. Higher educational institutions are adopting new information and communication technological (ICT) tools to enhance the teaching-learning process and student engagement. One such ICT tool which blends technology in the classrooms into educational experiences is the learning management system (LMS). The LMS usage by the higher education institutions facilitates the students for “anytime and anywhere access” to the contents. In this context this paper examines the acceptance of learning management system as a technological tool among students. And, examines the critical factors that effects the behavioral intentions of students towards LMS usage and factors influencing the actual usage of the LMS. The study also focuses on comparing the three models of technology adoption, TAM, revised version of TAM and C-TAM-TPB. The comparative analysis of three models discloses that perceived ease of use and perceived behavioral control being an important exogenous variable in understanding the behavioral intention and actual usage. The study was conducted among the first year business management students of private deemed university.
Patterns in Coda Distributed File System

Distributed File Systems have long utilized file caching techniques to improve performance. In many DFS's clients are allowed to update the cached replicas of files, necessitating a variety of mechanisms that ensure the consistency of other replicas of these files across the network. This problem becomes complicated if there are many unstable files on the network, and especially so if there are no central servers. Surprisingly, there has not been much research into the access patterns of shared files. While researchers have found that there are relatively few unstable files, this claim has been disputed by others, and the last such study that I am aware of dates back to 1992. Even more strikingly, I am aware of no detailed studies of file reading and writing patterns at all. In an attempt to fill this gap, I analyzed file access patterns in Coda Distributed File System using traces collected at Carnegie Mellon University over a period of approximately two years. I found that 1) Most files analyzed are stable; 2) Most unstable files tend to be updated and read by only one computer, but the computer that reads a file tends to be different from the one that updates it; and 3) A vast majority of files are read b y the same computer that created them.
The Influence of Native Language in the Production of English Tenses by Thai and Spanish Learners

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the native language on the use of the English present simple and present progressive tenses by Thai and Spanish native speakers learning English as a second language at an elementary level. The study focused on exploring the core morphosyntactic features, with specific emphasis on the production of verb inflections. In order to accomplish this, a translation task was given to two groups of participants and their responses were observed. The participants performed the task by translating sentences from their native language into English. The outcomes suggested that there was a very clear influence of the native language on the participants’ tense production. The Spanish learners, whose native language has a complex tense-marking system, showed more target-like production of the present simple tense and present progressive tenses than the Thai learners whose native language has no tense-marking system. อทธพลของภาษาแมตอการ ใชกาล ในภาษาองกฤษ ของผเรยนภาษาไทยและผพดภาษาสเปน งานวจยนมวตถประสงคเพอศกษาอทธพลของภาษาแมทมตอการใชประโยคปจจบนกาลปกต(present simple tense) และ ปจจบนกาลตอเนอง (present progressive tense) ในภาษาองกฤษ โดยมงศกษาลกษณะทางไวยากรณระดบคำ อนไดแก การเตมหนวยคำเตมทายคำกรยาเพอแสดงกาล การวจยครงนผวจยไดเกบขอมลจากผเรยนภาษาองกฤษชาวไทยและชาวสเปนทสามารถสอสารภาษาองกฤษอยในระดบเบองตน (elementary level) โดยใหกลมตวอยาง ทงสองกลมแปลประโยคจากภาษาแมของตนเองเปนภาษาองกฤษ ผลการวจยพบวา ภาษาแมมผลตอการใช รปประโยคแสดงกาลในภาษาองกฤษของผเรยนทงสองกลมอยางชดเจน นอกจากนยงพบวา ผเรยนชาวสเปนทภาษาแมมระบบการแสดงเวลาในระดบไวยากรณซบซอนคลายกบภาษาองกฤษสามารถผลตประโยคแบบปจจบนกาลปกต และ ปจจบนกาลตอเนองทถกตองไดมากกวาผเรยนชาวไทยทภาษาแมไมมระบบการแสดงกาลในระดบไวยากรณดงกลาว
Leader-member exchange, job satisfaction, employee engagement, and employee performance

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on employee performance. We also examine the effect of LMX on job satisfication then job satisfacton on employee performance. Furthermore, our research also test the effect of LMX on employee engagement then employee engagement on employee performance. The results of the analysis using SEM toward 105 respondents who work in Hotel B in Tegal, Indonesia, show supports for almost proposed prediction. However, our prediction that LMX have positive effect on employee performance was not supported.
Rugged MMC converter cell for high power applications

A converter cell for a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) suitable for the Chain-Link Converter topology is presented. IGCT semiconductors are being used as the main switch technology thanks to features like · inherent stable Short Circuit Failure Mode (SCFM) capability · very low overall losses · superior load cycling capabilities. The cell makes use of a single thyristor switch to protect the cell against catastrophic damages in all relevant failure modes. The same thyristor enables continued operation of the chain-link converter after a single cell level failure. A comparison of losses in a STACOM application between IGBT plastic modules and hermetically sealed RC-IGCT press pack devices is presented.
Fairness among game players in networked haptic environments influence of network latency

By experiment, this paper examines the influence of network latency on the fairness among players in a networked real-time game where we use haptic interface devices. In the experiment, we subjectively and objectively clarify the influence by changing the difference in network latency between two players. Experimental results show that the difference which leads to unfairness depends on the network latency. We also demonstrate that the differences larger than 30 ms or 40 ms lead to unfairness in the experimental system. Furthermore, we hardly perceive unfairness when the network latency of the two players is less than around 30 ms in the experiment.
Forensic aspects of Asperger's Syndrome

Asperger's Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder on the Autistic spectrum. Antisocial behaviour is frequently described as an accompaniment of Asperger's Syndrome although the strength of any association between Asperger's Syndrome and offending remains uncertain. This paper presents five patients with Asperger's Syndrome with a history of offending. For each of them the offending is understandable in the context of the disorder. The specific and general issues raised by these cases in relation to Fitness to Plead and Legal Insanity are considered. Offenders with Asperger's Syndrome have deficits that raise the likelihood that their disorder will render them unfit or be of exculpatory value.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Musicians Outperform Nonmusicians in Magnitude Estimation: Evidence of a Common Processing Mechanism for Time, Space and Numbers

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Information theory applied to the conversion of decision tables to computer programs

Using ideas from information theory, this paper develops a heuristic algorithm that converts a limited entry decision table to a tree structured computer program with near minimum average processing time. The method is applicable to any limited entry decision table and does not require that actions have single rules or that the cost of testing conditions be equal. It is thus more general than the previously published heuristic algorithms. Compared to the optimal algorithm of Reinwald and Soland, this algorithm is easy to code and takes a much smaller translation time; it is thus felt that it is more useful in practice. The algorithm is well suited for manual conversion of decision tables to flowcharts.
Peripheral Biomarker Candidates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

There is high variability in the manifestation of physical and mental health problems following exposure to trauma and disaster. Although most people may show a range of acute symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, chronic and persistent mental disorders may not be developed in all individuals who were exposed to traumatic events. The most common long-term pathological consequence after trauma exposure is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, comorbid conditions including depression, anxiety disorder, substance use-related problems, and a variety of other symptoms may frequently be observed in individuals with trauma exposure. Post-traumatic syndrome (PTS) is defined collectively as vast psychosocial problems that could be experienced in response to traumatic events. It is important to predict who will continue to suffer from physical and mental health problems and who will recover following trauma exposure. However, given the heterogeneity and variability in symptom manifestations, it is difficult to find identify biomarkers which predict the development of PTSD. In this review, we will summarize the results of recent studies with regard to putative biomarkers of PTSD and suggest future research directions for biomarker discovery for PTSD.
Online Convex Covering and Packing Problems

We study the online convex covering problem and online convex packing problem. The (offline) convex covering problem is modeled by the following convex program: $\min_{x \in R_+^n} f(x) \ \text{s.t}\ A x \ge 1$, where $f : R_+^n \mapsto R_+$ is a monotone and convex cost function, and $A$ is an $m \times n$ matrix with non-negative entries. Each row of the constraint matrix $A$ corresponds to a covering constraint. In the online problem, each row of $A$ comes online and the algorithm must maintain a feasible assignment $x$ and may only increase $x$ over time. The (offline) convex packing problem is modeled by the following convex program: $\max_{y\in R_+^m} \sum_{j = 1}^m y_j - g(A^T y)$, where $g : R_+^n \mapsto R_+$ is a monotone and convex cost function. It is the Fenchel dual program of convex covering when $g$ is the convex conjugate of $f$. In the online problem, each variable $y_j$ arrives online and the algorithm must decide the value of $y_j$ on its arrival. We propose simple online algorithms for both problems using the online primal dual technique, and obtain nearly optimal competitive ratios for both problems for the important special case of polynomial cost functions. For any convex polynomial cost functions with non-negative coefficients and maximum degree $\tau$, we introduce an $O(\tau \log n)^\tau$-competitive online convex covering algorithm, and an $O(\tau)$-competitive online convex packing algorithm, matching the known $\Omega(\tau \log n)^\tau$ and $\Omega(\tau)$ lower bounds respectively. There is a large family of online resource allocation problems that can be modeled under this online convex covering and packing framework, including online covering and packing problems (with linear objectives), online mixed covering and packing, and online combinatorial auction. Our framework allows us to study these problems using a unified approach.
CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION: ESTIMATION OF NON- DETERMINISTIC DELAYS IN WIRELESS MESSAGE DELIVERY

Clock synchronization is significantly essential as they require universal time on WSN nodes for time measurement, event ordering and coordinated actions, and power management. This paper gives an insight of solving the problem of the non-deterministic delays that exist in the wireless message delivery. Sensor nodes consisting of Arduino Mega and 2.4 GHz nRF24L01+ radio modules are used, and based on the estimation of non-deterministic delays a clock synchronization protocol for WSN is proposed. The results obtained are quiet promising compared to the existing synchronization protocols for WSNs.
Thioredoxin-1 Attenuates Early Graft Loss after Intraportal Islet Transplantation in Mice

Aims Recent studies suggest that decreasing oxidative stress is crucial to achieve successful islet transplantation. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX), which is a multifunctional redox-active protein, has been reported to suppress oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of TRX on early graft loss after islet transplantation. Methods Intraportal islet transplantation was performed for two groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: a control and a TRX group. In addition, TRX-transgenic (Tg) mice were alternately used as islet donors or recipients. Results The changes in blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the TRX group compared with the TRX-Tg donor and control groups (p<0.01). Glucose tolerance and the residual graft mass were considerably better in the TRX group. TRX significantly suppressed the serum levels of interleukin-1β (p<0.05), although neither anti-apoptotic nor anti-chemotactic effects were observed. Notably, no increase in the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine level was observed after islet infusion, irrespective of TRX administration. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that overexpression of TRX on the islet grafts is not sufficient to improve engraftment. In contrast, TRX administration to the recipients exerts protective effects on transplanted islet grafts by suppressing the serum levels of interleukin-1β. However, TRX alone appears to be insufficient to completely prevent early graft loss after islet transplantation. We therefore propose that a combination of TRX and other anti-inflammatory treatments represents a promising regimen for improving the efficacy of islet transplantation.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Developing Countries’ Terms of Trade

This paper first shows that important economic arguments in favor of the Prebisch- Singer hypothesis of falling terms of trade of developing countries have implicitly relied on the role of multinational corporations and foreign direct investment. As of yet, the relationship between the latter and terms of trade has not been empirically investigated. In order to start closing this gap in research, data on 111 developing countries between 1980 and 2008 is analyzed using panel data methods. The empirical results suggest that there is no reason to believe multinationals’ activities were responsible for a possible decrease of the developing countries’ net barter terms of trade. On the contrary, foreign direct investment seems to play a positive role for developing countries’ terms of trade. The paper also investigates other possible variables structurally influencing terms of trade and thus provides fruitful directions for future research.
Family farms and capitalist farms in mid nineteenth-century England

The published 1851 census contains a series of tables documenting, for every British county, the distribution of farm sizes and the employment levels for adult males. Hitherto these data have largely been ignored on the grounds that they were unreliable. This paper shows that the data are in fact reliable and can be used to document the geography of farm size and employment patterns at county level. These data in turn are used to investigate the relative importance of agrarian capitalism and family farming and its geography in England. Agrarian capitalism was more important than family farming everywhere. Large-scale agrarian capitalism was dominant in the south and east of the country. A substantial family farm sector survived only in the far south-west and north of England by 1851. The decline of family farms and the growth of large, labour-employing farms over the early modern period is one of the major themes in English agrarian history. As long ago as 1923, J. H. Clapham noted that in Britain as a whole, as late as 1831, when geographically comprehensive and reliable data become available for the first time, the number of proletarian families employed in agriculture exceeded the number of entrepreneurial families in agriculture by as little as 2.5 to 1. He went on to suggest that if agrarian historians of the early modern period had a proper understanding of the modest scale which capitalist farming had reached by this late date, then they would have an appropriate end-point against which to assess the importance of developments in their own period. Clapham’s admonition to early modernists of his own generation has had little or no discernible influence on the considerable body of material published on early modern developments in the intervening decades. Although Clapham may have gone too far in stressing the small scale of nineteenth-century agrarian capitalism, the importance of understanding the extent to which agrarian capitalism had developed by the nineteenth century remains both to put the scale of early modern developments in a longer * This research has been funded by the Economic and Social Research Council as part of a wider project entitled Male occupational change and economic growth in England 1750–1851, RES–000–23–0131. I am grateful to Chris Briggs, Romola Davenport, Tracy Dennison, Richard Smith, Adam Tooze, Tony Wrigley, the editor of this journal and two anonymous referees for perceptive comments which have helped me to make this article clearer than it would otherwise have been. The remaining ambiguities and any errors are, of course, my own. I would also like to thank Phil Stickler for producing the maps. 1 J. H. Clapham, ‘The growth of an agrarian proletariat, 1688–1832: a statistical note’, Cambridge Historical J., 1 (1923), pp. 92–5. AgHR 53, II, pp. 158–191 158 AGHR53_2. qxd 08/11/2005 11:11 Page 158
Exploring Customer-based Airline Brand Equity: Evidence from Taiwan

Although branding management is important to an airline company, the existing literature on brand equity within the airline industry is sparse. This study proposes an airline brand equity model from the customer's perspective and ope rationalize s the airline brand equity with four dimensions: brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. In addition, the inter-relationships among four dimensions and their influences on brand equity are investigated empirically. Using an empirical survey data of Taiwanese air passengers, the results reveal that brand loyalty, among other brand equity components, is the main determinant of brand equity, and a causal relationship between perceptual and behavioral dimensions is confirmed in terms of inter-relationships among brand equity components. Managerial implications in brand management and customer relationship management to the airline industry are provided.