Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs Control Gene Expression

Growing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a variety of basic biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, hematopoesis, and oncogenesis. In fact, bioinformatic analysis predicts that each miRNA may regulate hundreds of targets, suggesting that miRNAs may play roles in almost every biological pathway. Information from recent studies indicate that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of cardiac development and pathophysiology. Notably, knockout of miRNA‐1 was associated with cardiac defects, including regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, electrical conduction, and cell cycle control. Our group has identified a critical role of miRNA‐1 and miRNA‐133 in determining cardiac hypertrophy and has shown an inverse correlation of expression with cardiac hypertrophy, in vitro, in murine models and in human disease states associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Remarkably, in vivo experiments with a single infusion of antagomir‐133 oligonucleotide, a small cholesterol‐conjugated RNA sequence suppressing endogenous miRNA, induced marked and sustained cardiac hypertrophy. Shedding light on the role of this new class of RNA molecules in heart physiology and pathology may reveal possible future therapeutic applications for the treatment of heart diseases.
Cancer prevention: state of the art and future prospects

Summary Cancer imposes a heavy societal burden worldwide, in terms of both epidemiology and costs. The introduction of more sophisticated imaging and diagnostic techniques and advanced drugs that specifically target tumor cells is leading to increasingly expensive treatments, which may be affordable only for few patients. Prevention, and particularly primary prevention, is an effective way of addressing the challenging issue of cancer, since between a third and a half of cancers could be prevented on the basis of our current knowledge of risk factors. Moreover, prevention is cost-effective, its effects are not limited to high-risk subjects but extend to the entire population, and it is not dependent on socioeconomic status. Regulatory measures can have a broad impact, even on future generations; by empowering and educating subjects, promoting healthy behaviours and teaching self-care, they can trigger a virtuous cycle. In recent decades, oncology has shifted from being merely reactive to being proactive; this shift has led to the development of so-called "P4 medicine", where the 4 Ps stand for "preventive", "predictive", "personalized" and "participatory". Prevention programs are an important part of the effort to control cancer, as they are able to reduce both the incidence of cancer and mortality. For instance, screening for colorectal, breast and cervical cancer is reducing the burden of these common tumors. Anti-cancer vaccines, both prophylactic and therapeutic, constitute another important preventive tool. Although progress has been made in these areas, much remains to be done. With regard to screening programs, coverage could be increased by introducing new, more acceptable, less invasive tests, stratifying screening through correlation with anamnestic, clinical, radiological and genomic data (so-called "populationbased personalized cancer screening"), and exploiting new information and communication technologies, such as smartphone applications or personalized text messages (so-called "screening 2.0"). Advocacy and recommendations by physicians can also play a role, in that eligible subjects need to be able to discuss their doubts and their perceived psycho-social barriers. However, new screening initiatives should be implemented only after a careful health technology assessment has been performed within the framework of evidence-based medicine, organized screening programs have been strengthened and opportunistic or spontaneous programs have been limited.
What can educators learn from parents who oppose curricular and classroom practices

Many scholars argue that parents are important stakeholders whose support for school change is essential. Yet the media continue to report on conflicts in communities where educators have made changes which many parents do not support. Interviews with parents conducted for this study showed that parents have many complex and idiosyncratic reasons for preferring or opposing certain curriculum or practices. An analysis of parents' explanations shows what educators might learn from those who disagree with changes they make or plan, thereby reducing the possibility of prolonged public conflict.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 genotype and use of ondansetron and tropisetron

The 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists are used in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced, radiation-induced, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. CYP2D6 polymorphisms can influence the metabolism of some of these drugs (i.e., ondansetron and tropisetron), thereby affecting drug efficacy. We summarize evidence from the published literature supporting these associations and provide therapeutic recommendations for ondansetron and tropisetron based on CYP2D6 genotype (updates at www. pharmgkb.org and cpicpgx.org).
Omega-3 fatty acids and cancers: a systematic update review of epidemiological studies

Experimental models showed consistently a modulation of carcinogenesis by omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA). Fish intake is often described as part of a beneficial dietary pattern. However, observational epidemiological studies on the relationship between ω3 PUFA reported conflicting results. The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether there exists any progress in the evaluation of the causal relationship between dietary ω3 PUFA and cancers since the previous FAO/OMS expert consultation and whether it is possible to propose preventive and/or adjuvant therapeutic recommendations. Prospective and case-control observational studies published since 2007 and meeting validity criteria were considered together with RCT. Experimental studies are mentioned to provide for biological plausibility. When evaluating the level of evidence, a portfolio approach was used, weighted by a hierarchy giving higher importance to prospective studies followed by RCT if any. There is a probable level of evidence that ALA per se is neither a risk factor nor a beneficial factor with regards to cancers. Observational studies on colorectal, prostate and breast cancers only provided limited evidence suggesting a possible role of LC-ω3PUFA in cancer prevention because insufficient homogeneity of the observations. Explanation for heterogeneity might be the inherent difficulties associated with epidemiology (confounding and dietary pattern context, measurement error, level of intake, genetic polymorphism). The role of LC-ω3PUFA as adjuvant, might be considered of possible use, in view of the latest RCT on lung cancers even if RCT on other cancers still need to be undertaken.
The left side of motor resonance

Motor resonance is defined as the internal activation of an observer's motor system, specifically attuned to the perceived movement. In social contexts, however, different patterns of observed and executed muscular activation are frequently required. This is the case, for instance, of seeing a key offered with a precision grip and received by opening the hand. Novel evidence suggests that compatibility effects in motor resonance can be altered by social response preparation. What is not known is how handedness modulates this effect. The present study aimed at determining how a left- and a right-handed actor grasping an object and then asking for a complementary response influences corticospinal activation in left- and right-handers instructed to observe the scene. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were thus recorded from the dominant hands of left- and right-handers. Interestingly, requests posed by the right-handed actor induced a motor activation in the participants' respective dominant hands, suggesting that left-handers tend to mirror right-handers with their most efficient hand. Whereas requests posed by the left-handed actor activated the anatomically corresponding muscles (i.e., left hand) in all the participants, right-handers included. Motor resonance effects classically reported in the literature were confirmed when observing simple grasping actions performed by the right-handed actor. These findings indicate that handedness influences both congruent motor resonance and complementary motor preparation to observed actions.
Aspect-oriented Metamodelling

The Object Management Group's (OMG) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) strategy envisages a world where models play a more direct role in software pro- duction. To ensure that the burden of maintaining more than one formal model does not outweigh the potential bene�ts, powerful tool support is required. How- ever, each domain, organisation, even project, is likely to need its own particular process supported by its own particular con�guration of modelling languages. The challenge is to provide de�nitions of languages that not only support the con�g- uration and extension of those languages for use with particular processes, but also can be used directly in the customisation/generation of tools. This paper de- scribes an aspect-oriented, metamodelling approach to language de�nition which aims to meet this challenge. This exploits two mechanisms (package extension and package templates), which are similar to mechanisms proposed to support aspect-oriented design with UML. Thus the paper can also be viewed as describ- ing a case study in aspect oriented design. The approach is illustrated by extracts from the 2U submission to the UML 2.0 RFPs issued by the OMG in 2001. The paper concludes with a discussion on the customisation and generation of tools from such de�nitions.
Older women’s experience with COVID-19 pandemic: A study of risk perception and coping among culturally and linguistically diverse population in South Australia

Background A global catastrophe–the COVID-19 pandemic–appears to have two-dimensional health consequences for older adults: high risk of being infected and psychological distress. There is limited evidence on how the pandemic has impacted the life and coping of older adults who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD), women in particular. This study explored the COVID-19 risk perception and coping strategies of older CALD women in South Australia. Methods A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving a 31-items coping and emergency preparation scale for survey and semi-structured interviews with participants. The older CALD women were approached through 11 multicultural NGOs. One hundred and nine women participants from 28 CALD communities completed the online surveys; 25 of them agreed to a telephone interview and provided their contact details. 15 older CALD women ultimately participated in interviews. Results Mean sum-score of dread risk, unknown risk, and fear (M: 43.5; SD: 4.9) indicated that the participants were somewhat anxious and worried. Mean sum-score of coping (M: 79.8; SD: 9.3) reported their compliance with expert advice and disinfection practices but accessing health information (M: 2.8; SD 1.4) and tendency to minimize anxiety (M: 2.1; SD: 1.2) were below neutral. Significant variations were found in coping in terms of age, meaning that the women aged 75 years and older were less likely to cope with the pandemic (P = 0.01). Emergency preparation differed based on the participants’ residence and occupation status. The deductive-inductive thematic analysis of interview data was framed around three priori themes: risks of being affected, emotional and behavioral coping, and emergency preparation and access to services. Conclusions Evidence shows a fear among the older CALD women with an endeavor to cope and prepare for emergency situations. This suggests the requirements for interventions that improve coping and reduce the risk of stress among them.
Chinese mindset: theories of intelligence, goal orientation and academic achievement in Hong Kong students

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between theories of intelligence and goal orientations, and their joint connections to students’ academic achievement in the Chinese cultural context. A total of 418 university students in Hong Kong participated in the present study. The survey was administered to collect information on students’ beliefs about their goal orientations, theories of intelligence and their college grade point averages. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that beliefs in the incremental theory of intelligence contribute to students’ academic achievements by facilitating their endorsement of mastery goals and performance-approach goals. Students’ performance-avoidance goals have a negative association with academic success. Cultural factors and considerations are addressed to clarify further the culture-specific findings.
What accounts for students' loyalty? Some field study evidence

Purpose – Public funding of institutions offering higher education is becoming scarcer, more complex, and to an ever‐increasing extent performance‐based. Concerning the teaching area the financing is partly based on student credits and professional degrees. Thus student loyalty has become an important strategic theme. The purpose is to study relationships between student satisfaction, students' perceptions of the reputation of an educational institution and student loyalty; hypothesizing positive relationships between satisfaction and loyalty, reputation and loyalty, and between satisfaction and reputation. Antecedents of student satisfaction and reputation are also included in the study.Design/methodology/approach – The data source is a survey among students at the bachelor level of a university college in Norway, analyzed by a structural equation modeling approach.Findings – The findings strongly support the three hypotheses. The university college may be looked upon as being satisfaction‐driven. Still .
A Test of Path-Goal Theory: Work Values as Moderators of Relations of Leaders and Subordinates

The influence of work values on the relationship between leaders' behavior and subordinates' satisfaction was investigated for a sample of college and university instructors (N = 363). Based on path-goal theory of leadership, it was hypothesized that (a) subordinates who are people-oriented would see considerate, but not structured, leader's behavior as a source of satisfaction and (b) subordinates who have self-expressive value orientations would view structured but not considerate, leader's behavior as satisfying. Moderated regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. The results generally did not support the specific predictions: work values did not seem to moderate the relationship between leaders' behavior and satisfaction of subordinates. Instead, both leaders' dimensions and the moderators influenced satisfaction with job and with supervision directly.
Changing Aims in Economics

From Petty to Keynes the neo-classicals and real-world problems transformation after 1945 - the formalist "revolution" mounting criticism - 1970-1990 trying to explain the formalist "revolution" changing objectives and methodological incoherence disciplinary disintegration and the anti-"positivist" crusade distinctions, demarcations and clarity the non-academic majority and prediction - its primary task to predict or not to predict? (that is the question) postscript.
Mouse Brain Microglia Express Interleukin-15 and Its Multimeric Receptor Complex Functionally Coupled to Janus Kinase Activity*

The cytokine, interleukin (IL)-15, and the T cell growth factor, IL-2, exhibit a similar spectrum of immune effects and share the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ for signaling in hematopoietic cells. Numerous neuroregulatory activities of IL-2 have been suggested, but its expression in the normal central nervous system (CNS) is apparently very low and regionally restricted. We show by RNA and protein detection that IL-15, its specific receptor molecule, IL-15Rα, and the signal-transducing receptor subunits, IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ, are constitutively present in various regions of the developing and adult mouse brain. We further demonstrate, also at the single-cell level, that IL-15 and the components for IL-15Rα/IL-2Rβγ receptors are expressed by microglia. Tyrosine phosphorylation data are presented showing that IL-15 signaling in microglia involves Janus kinase 1 activity. At doses of 0.1–10 ng/ml, IL-15 affected functional properties of these cells, such as the production of nitric oxide, and supported their growth in culture, suggestive of a role as an autocrine growth factor. Microglial IL-15 could thus play a pivotal role in the CNS and may participate in certain CNS and neuroendocrine functions previously ascribed to IL-2.
STATUS OF COMPOUND DRC-1339 REGISTRATIONS

Author(s): Knittle, C. Edward; Schafer, Edward W. , Jr.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A. | Abstract: Compound DRC-1339 is a restricted-use, slow-acting avicide that is registered to control a number of avian pests. It is unique because of its selective high toxicity to most pest birds, low-to-moderate toxicity to most mammals and predatory birds, and lack of known secondary hazards when used on baits. The most widely known product containing DRC-1339 is Purina Mills' Starlicide Complete®, a pelleted bait used to control blackbirds and starlings in feedlots. Other DRC-1339 registrations are held by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS), for the use of nonpelletized baits at feedlots and for the control of gulls in or near their nesting colonies. Over 20 State Special Local Need 24(c) registrations have also been issued to APHIS for special DRC-1339 uses. To consolidate these registrations, APHIS has submitted data to amend its feedlot registration for blackbirds and starlings, and applied for three registrations for control of 1) raven and crow depredations on livestock and for wildlife protection, 2) pigeons in and around structures, and 3) blackbirds, starlings, and crows at preroosting staging areas. Because most of the submitted data were collected in the 1960s and 1970s, none of it was produced under the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations; therefore, new data will probably be needed to support these registrations. Future data needs and procedures for collecting valid information for DRC-1339 are suggested.
An investigation into Cantonese ESL learners' acquisition of English initial consonant clusters

Abstract This article discusses the acquisition of English initial consonant clusters by Cantonese ESL learners in Hong Kong with an aim to examine the explanatory power of the Markedness Differential Hypothesis (MDH) (Eckman, Language Learning 27: 315–330, 1977) and the Interlanguage Structural Conformity Hypothesis (ISCH) (Eckman, Moravcsik & Wirth, Language Learning 39: 173–205, 1989) and to gain insights into the interlanguage phonology of the learners. Both hypotheses make predictions about second language learning on the basis of implicational universals, but the former is also premised on the differences between the native and target languages. The study investigated Cantonese ESL learners' acquisition of English obstruent + nasal onsets and obstruent + liquid onsets as well as their acquisition of two-member onsets and three-member onsets. A total of twelve learners participated in the study. They were asked to perform four different speech tasks including the reading of a word list, the description of a series of pictures using isolated words, the reading of three passages, and a conversational interview. The participants' speech was recorded using a high-quality mini-disk recorder and transcribed by two raters. The results of the study show that the implicational relationships which hold between the different categories of onset clusters also hold for the interlanguages of the participants, and the predictions of the MDH and the ISCH are also borne out. Where no universal markedness relationships exist among different onset clusters, the inherent difficulty of a segment resulting from the phonotactic constraints of a learner's mother tongue remains the most important factor contributing to the overall level of difficulty of an onset cluster. It is also argued that, in the interlanguages of the participants, there exists a phonological rule which neutralizes liquids in clusters. Further research is needed to investigate the abilities of Cantonese ESL learners to perceive English speech sounds and the possible effects that their perceptual abilities may have on their production abilities.
The Dual, Opposing Roles of Estrogen in the Prostate

Both androgens and estrogens play a significant role in the prostate and are critical for normal prostate growth and development. The role of androgens in the prostate and in prostate disease is well known, however, the role for estrogens in the prostate and in prostate disease is complex and is still only just beginning to be appreciated. Our understanding of the role and action of estrogens in the prostate has advanced significantly recently due to important discoveries, including the discovery of a second estrogen receptor subtype (ER‐β), the detection of aromatase in the prostate, and the identification of rapid nongenomic estrogen signaling. We now know that estrogens are essential for normal tissue homeostasis within the prostate and that too little or too much leads to perturbation of the glands growth and the emergence of disease. We are also beginning to recognize the importance and differential roles of the estrogen receptors ER‐α and ER‐β. Specifically, the activation of ER‐α leads to aberrant proliferation, inflammation, and the development of premalignant lesions, while, in contrast, the activation of ER‐β is critical in prostatic stromal−epithelial cell signaling and mediating antiproliferative effects that balance the proliferative action of androgens on the epithelia. These data have established the importance and complexity of estrogen action. We now know that estrogens have the capacity to exert both beneficial and adverse effects in the prostate via ER‐β and ER‐α, respectively. Based on this, the selective targeting of estrogen action may form the basis of new therapies for prostate disease.
Fossil Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Evidence for Wholesale Extinction by Man Before Western Contact

Thousands of fossil bird bones from the Hawaiian Islands collected since 1971 include remains of at least 39 species of land birds that are not known to have survived into the historic period; this more than doubles the number of endemic species of land birds previously known from the main islands. Bones were found in deposits of late Quaternary age; most are Holocene and many are contemporaneous with Polynesian culture. The loss of species of birds appears to be due to predation and destruction of lowland habitats by humans before the arrival of Europeans. Because the historically known fauna and flora of the Hawaiian Islands represent only afraction of natural species diversity, biogeographical inferences about natural processes based only on historically known taxa may be misleading or incorrect.