Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Waves Excited by Newborn Interstellar Pickup Ions : Examination of Voyager Observations from 1 to 4 . 5 AU

We present a background in space physics in order to provide a suitable framework for discussing an observation of waves excited by newborn interstellar pickup ions. The interplanetary environment is discussed in terms of the solar wind and IMF and their various interactions. The observation consists of spectral enhancements seen in Voyager 2 magnetic fluctuation spectra. This event occurred during a 4.5 hr interval on DOY 7, 1979, when Voyager 2 was at 4.5 AU. The observation is made during a solar wind rarefaction interval while the magnetic field is nearly radial. The frequency range, polarization and propagation direction of the fluctuation enhancements are shown to be consistent with waves excited by newly ionized interstellar H and He. We apply a theoretical model for pickup ion wave growth to the observation and find reasonable agreement given the limitations of the model. This is the first observation of pickup ion generated waves seen by Voyager and the first observation of pickup He waves seen by any spacecraft.
Downlink Macro-Diversity in Cellular Networks

In this paper, we study the potential benefit of base-station (BS) cooperation for downlink transmission in a modified Wyner-type multicell model. Besides the dirty-paper-coding (DPC) precoder, we also analyze several linear precoding schemes, including co-phasing, zero-forcing (ZF) and MMSE precoders. For the nonfading case, analytical sum rate expression is obtained for each scheme. In networks of a large number N of cells, a high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) asymptotic gap is shown between the sum rate performances of DPC and ZF precoders. Moreover, the MMSE precoder sum rate expression in large networks indicates different behaviors of MMSE precoder in different SNR regimes: in the SNR > N<sup>2</sup> regime, it coincides with the ZF precoder, while, in the SNR < N<sup>2</sup> regime, it coincides with the co-phasing precoder. For the Rayleigh fading case, Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of linear precoding schemes with the proposed user selection criterion.
Intention Retrieval and Deactivation Following an Acute Psychosocial Stressor

We often form intentions but have to postpone them until the appropriate situation for retrieval and execution has come, an ability also referred to as event-based prospective memory. After intention completion, our cognitive system has to deactivate no-more-relevant intention representations from memory to avoid interference with subsequent tasks. In everyday life, we frequently rely on these abilities also in stressful situations. Surprisingly, little is known about potential stress effects on these functions. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the reliability of event-based prospective memory and of intention deactivation in conditions of acute psychosocial stress. To this aim, eighty-two participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, a standardized stress protocol, or a standardized control situation. Following this treatment, participants performed a computerized event-based prospective memory task with non-salient and focal prospective memory cues in order to assess prospective memory performance and deactivation of completed intentions. Although the stress group showed elevated levels of salivary cortisol as marker of a stress-related increase in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity throughout the cognitive testing period compared to the no-stress group, prospective memory performance and deactivation of completed intentions did not differ between groups. Findings indicate that cognitive control processes subserving intention retrieval and deactivation after completion may be mostly preserved even under conditions of acute stress.
Reclaiming Power and Identity: Marginalized Students’ Experiences of Service-Learning

This qualitative case study investigates how service-learning may enable self-direction and the development of a critical consciousness for marginalized high school students by exploring the dynamics of service-learning through a theoretical framework of critical theory. Service-learning is theorized to counter the oppressive nature of schooling as defined by critical theorists; however, little research exists to clarify the implications of the pedagogy on student empowerment. I consider the negotiation of power and knowledge that may empower students, redefining their experience of schooling and their identities as learners. By exploring processes of empowerment and the social structures created through service-learning, I document three marginalized, male, urban high school students’ self-authorship as they negotiate learning spaces within community. Data analysis revealed how service-learning legitimized lived experience and enabled the re-writing of self through the construction of new social/intellectual spaces. Participants’ experiences offer insight into the pedagogy of service-learning for encountering transformational moments between self, society, and other.
Characterization of the Proteome of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Mouse Enterocytes after a Dietary Fat Challenge

Dietary fat absorption by the small intestine is a multistep process that regulates the uptake and delivery of essential nutrients and energy. One step of this process is the temporary storage of dietary fat in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). The storage and mobilization of dietary fat is thought to be regulated by proteins that associate with the CLD; however, mechanistic details of this process are currently unknown. In this study we analyzed the proteome of CLDs isolated from enterocytes harvested from the small intestine of mice following a dietary fat challenge. In this analysis we identified 181 proteins associated with the CLD fraction, of which 37 are associated with known lipid related metabolic pathways. We confirmed the localization of several of these proteins on or around the CLD through confocal and electron microscopy, including perilipin 3, apolipoprotein A-IV, and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5. The identification of the enterocyte CLD proteome provides new insight into potential regulators of CLD metabolism and the process of dietary fat absorption.
Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related disorder. It occurs when the body becomes unable to control its temperature: the body's temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106 degrees Fahrenheit or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent disability if emergency treatment is not given.
Evaluation of Etest and Disk Diffusion Methods Compared with Broth Microdilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Clinical Isolates of Candida spp. against Posaconazole

ABSTRACT We performed Etest, disk diffusion, and broth microdilution susceptibility testing of 2,171 clinical isolates of Candida spp. against posaconazole. By using provisional breakpoints for comparison purposes only, the categorical agreement between the agar-based methods and broth microdilution results ranged from 93 to 98%, with <1% very major errors. The essential agreement (within 2 well dilutions) between the Etest and broth microdilution methods was 94%. These agar-based methods hold promise as simple and reliable methods for determination of the posaconzole susceptibilities of Candida spp.
Ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence and ICT use

Background : Uptake of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by individuals with diabetes can assist nursing care delivery, and improve patient outcomes. However, it is unclear how such uptake relates to ethnic differences in diabetes risk. Aims : To assess the moderating effects of ICT uptake on the South Asian excess diabetes prevalence over a specific elapsed time frame, accounting for selected environmental, socio-economic, and behavioural risk factors. Methods : Archived data from a UK Office for National Statistics household survey 2006-2011 (120,621 partly non-orthogonal participant records) was analysed using hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses. Results: ICT uptake qualified ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence. Non-smoking diabetes cases living in terrace housing with a home computer were more likely to be South Asian than Caucasian. By contrast, such cases were more likely to be Caucasian if a computer was unavailable (OR, 0.61; CI, 0.43-0.86; P = 0.005). Furthermore, diabetes cases from low income mobile-dependent homes were probably South Asian (OR = 0.05, CI = 0.00 – 0.50; P = 0.012). Conclusions : Home computing was linked to better tobacco control amongst South Asians with diabetes living in terrace properties. Mobile phone dependence was pronounced in those that received income support. Implications for nursing care are considered.
Adequacy of Antimicrobial Empirical Treatment for Sepsis in the Emergency Department of a Large University Hospital

Purpose: This retrospective study analyzes the adequacy of the empirical antimicrobial treatment for sepsis at the emergency department according to the results of the microbiological isolations and describes the associations between microbiological variables and mortality. Values for several clinical and microbiological variables were prospectively collected for a total of 101 patients. Cases of inadequate antimicrobial treatment as defined in the text were further studied. Results: Fifty-two patients had microbiological confirmation of infection (51.4%), constituting 62 different isolates. Escherichia coli represented half of the cases. One third of the microbiological isolates were not adequately covered by initially chosen treatment, mostly due to microbiological resistances. Having a respiratory source was the only variable associated to inadequate coverage (p=0.05). Lack of adequate empirical microbiological coverage was not associated with mortality (p=0.16). In a multivariate test, “respiratory source” (OR=46.6 [2.2-972; 95%CI] and “severity” (OR=42.5 [1.21456; 95%CI] remained significantly associated to mortality. Conclusions: Lack of empirical coverage for microbiological agents in sepsis is not uncommon. Institutional efforts are needed to improve the empirical use of antimicrobials for sepsis in the Emergency Department.
Lymphomagenicity of recombinant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses

Recombinant mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemic viruses, as well as ecotropic and xenotropic viruses, were tested for ability to accelerate or cause development of lymphoma in AKR and other strains of mice. Of the three classes of virus isolated from AKR, only the MCF viruses were able to accelerate development of AKR lymphoma. This fully supports the idea that the MCF viruses are the proximal cause of spontaneous AKR lymphoma. MCF lymphomagenicity was strain specific, however, in that AKR MCF viruses did not induce lymphomas in many murine strains; they were moderately lymphomagenic in C3H/Bi mice and in National Institutes of Health Swiss partially congenic for Akv-1 or Akv-2. In contrast, MCF viruses from nonthymic hematopoietic neoplasms of C3H/Fg, BALB/c, or mice partially congenic for ecotropic virus loci (Akv-1, Akv-2, Fgv-1, C58v-1, and C58v-2) were not able to accelerate or cause lymphomia in AKR or any other mouse strain tested, including some of the strains of origin. MCF lymphomagenicity correlated with thymic origin in the virus and with ability to replicate in the thymus.
The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) Recommendations for Infection Prevention and Management

Consensus Committee (NACC) Recommendations for Infection Prevention and Management Timothy R. Deer, MD*; David A. Provenzano, MD†; Michael Hanes, MD‡; Jason E. Pope, MD§; Simon D. Thomson, MBBS¶; Marc A. Russo, MD**; Tory McJunkin, MD††; Michael Saulino, MD, PhD‡‡; Louis J. Raso, MD§§; Shivanand P. Lad, MD, PhD¶¶; Samer Narouze, MD, PhD***; Steven M. Falowski, MD†††; Robert M. Levy, MD, PhD‡‡‡; Ganesan Baranidharan, MD§§§; Stanley Golovac, MD¶¶¶; Didier Demesmin, MD****; William O. Witt, MD††††; Brian Simpson, MD‡‡‡‡; Elliot Krames, MD§§§§; Nagy Mekhail, MD, PhD¶¶¶¶
MicroRNA‐30b Suppresses Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Hepatoma Cells

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for induction of invasiveness and metastasis in HCC. Growing evidence indicates that upregulation of Snail, the major EMT inducer, significantly correlates with the metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanism of miR‐30b in suppressing metastasis of hepatoma cells by targeting Snail. In this study, we found that miR‐30b was significantly downregulated and negatively associated with Snail production in HCC cell lines with higher metastatic potentials. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies revealed that miR‐30b could dramatically inhibit in vitro HCC cell migration and invasion. In vivo orthotopic liver xenograft model further demonstrated that stable over‐expression of miR‐30b significantly repressed the local invasion and lung metastasis of hepatoma cells. Meanwhile, the restoration of miR‐30b expression suppressed the distant colonization of hepatoma cells. Both gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies showed that miR‐30b suppressed the EMT of hepatoma cells as indicated by the morphology changes and deregulation of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Using RNAi, we further investigated the role of Snail in HCC cell EMT and demonstrated that knockdown of Snail significantly inhibited the EMT and cancer cell metastasis. Additionally, miR‐30b exhibited inhibitory effects on HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings highlight the significance of miR‐30b downregulation in HCC tumor metastasis and invasiveness, and implicate a new potential therapeutic target for HCC metastasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 625–634, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Habituation to complex emotional stimuli.

On each of three sessions, 5s viewed 20 presentations of an isolated accident (experimental group) or a benign (control group) motion picture scene. At the end of each session, 5s also saw the complete movie from which these scenes were taken. Skin conductance, self-reported distress, and, to a lesser extent, heart rate showed considerable carry-over of habituation from the accident scene viewed in isolation to the same scene embedded in the complete movie; there was however, very little generalization of habituation to other, similar accident scenes in the same movie. Also of interest is the fact that the heart rate response to the isolated accident scene was primarily deceleration, while cardiac acceleration was the primary response when the accident scene was viewed in the context of the complete film. The implication of these results for analogue studies of desensitization therapy is discussed.
A study of perceived stress, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and spirituality in practitioners of the martial art aikido

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between physical, mental and spiritual health. An additional purpose was to determine if the practice of aikido was associated with measurable levels of somatic symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety and spirituality. Measurement instruments included Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger’s 20-item Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the 16-item Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES). A cross-sectional research design was utilized in this study to test the following hypotheses: 1) After controlling for demographic variables, daily spiritual experience will explain variability in perceived stress, anxiety and somatic symptoms, and 2) After controlling for demographic variables, aikido experience level as measured by belt rank will explain variability in perceived stress, anxiety, somatic symptoms and daily spiritual experiences. Hierarchical (sequential) regression was performed using SPSS version 15.0. The results did not support either hypothesis. Additional analysis, however, indicated that daily spiritual experience was associated with trait anxiety. More daily spiritual experience was associated with less trait anxiety (r = .131, p = .035). Specifically, more daily spiritual experience was associated with feeling pleasant, having less nervousness and restlessness, more satisfaction with self, fewer wishes to be as happy as others, more happiness, less discontentment and more steadiness (r = . 124 to
Development and survival of Ascaris suum eggs in deep litter of pigs

SUMMARY Indoor transmission of Ascaris suum partly depends on the physico-chemical conditions in bedding material. Temperature, pH, aqueous ammonia, moisture, occurrence and development of A. suum eggs were therefore compared in different areas (resting, intermediate and latrine) of two deep litter pens on an organic farm in four seasons. There was some variation, but mean ammonia levels were generally very low (1·0–2·6 mm) and pH levels were moderate (8·04–8·88) in all three areas. Relatively, resting areas were characterized by overall moderate moisture (36%) and moderately high temperature (35·7 °C) levels. The area contained few eggs (50 eggs g−1 DM) of which 17% were viable, and though only 4% were larvated and 0·7% appeared infective, it was more than in the other areas. Intermediate areas had moderate moisture (43%) and high temperature (43·6 °C) levels. There were many eggs (523 eggs g−1 DM), but overall viability was very low (5%) and few eggs were larvated (0·004%) or even infective (0·002%). Latrines typically had high moisture (79%) and moderate temperature (30 °C) levels. The concentration of eggs was very high (1444 egg g−1 DM) and though 32% were viable, none had developed larval stages. The large majority of A. suum eggs appear to die and only few become infective while in the deep litter. However, a large fraction of eggs may remain viable for some time and could thus contaminate agricultural land and develop to infectivity, if the manure is not composted appropriately.
Role of Hirudin-like Factor Va Heavy Chain Sequences in Prothrombinase Function*

Proexosite I on prothrombin has been implicated in providing a recognition site for factor Va within prothrombinase. To examine whether hirudin-like sequences (659–698) on the cofactor contribute to this interaction, we expressed and purified two-chain FVa derivatives that were intracellularly truncated at the C terminus of the heavy chain: FVa709 (des710–1545), FVa699 (des700–1545), FVa692 (des693–1545), FVa678 (des679–1545), and FVa658 (des659–1545). We found that FVa709, FVa699, FVa692, and FVa678 exhibited specific clotting activities that were comparable with plasma-derived and recombinant FVa. Additionally, kinetic studies using prothrombin revealed that the Km and kcat values for these derivatives were unaltered. Fluorescent measurements and chromatography studies indicated that FVa709, FVa699, FVa692, and FVa678 bound to FXa membranes and thrombin-agarose in a manner that was comparable with the wild-type cofactors. In contrast, FVa658 had an ∼1% clotting activity and reduced affinity for FXa membranes (∼20-fold) and did not bind to thrombin-agarose. Surprisingly, however, FVa658 exhibited essentially normal kinetic parameters for prothrombin when the variant was fully saturated with FXa membranes. Overall our results are consistent with the interpretation that any possible binding interactions between prothrombin and the C-terminal region of the FVa heavy chain do not contribute in a detectable way to the enhanced function of prothrombinase.
Direct Inter-Process Communication (dIPC): Repurposing the CODOMs Architecture to Accelerate IPC

In current architectures, page tables are the fundamental mechanism that allows contemporary OSs to isolate user processes, binding each thread to a specific page table. A thread cannot therefore directly call another process's function or access its data; instead, the OS kernel provides data communication primitives and mediates process synchronization through inter-process communication (IPC) channels, which impede system performance. Alternatively, the recently proposed CODOMs architecture provides memory protection across software modules. Threads can cross module protection boundaries inside the same process using simple procedure calls, while preserving memory isolation. We present dIPC (for "direct IPC"), an OS extension that repurposes and extends the CODOMs architecture to allow threads to cross process boundaries. It maps processes into a shared address space, and eliminates the OS kernel from the critical path of inter-process communication. dIPC is 64.12× faster than local remote procedure calls (RPCs), and 8.87× faster than IPC in the L4 microkernel. We show that applying dIPC to a multi-tier OLTP web server improves performance by up to 5.12× (2.13× on average), and reaches over 94% of the ideal system efficiency.
A modelling and reasoning framework for social networks policies

Policy languages (such as privacy and rights) have had little impact on the wider community. Now that social networks have taken off, the need to revisit policy languages and realign them towards social networks requirements has become more apparent. One such language is explored as to its applicability to the social networks masses. We also argue that policy languages alone are not sufficient and thus they should be paired with reasoning mechanisms to provide precise and unambiguous execution models of the policies. To this end, we propose a computationally oriented model to represent, reason with and execute policies for social networks.
Streptococcal Erythrogenic Toxin B Abrogates Fibronectin-Dependent Internalization of Streptococcus pyogenes by Cultured Mammalian Cells

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pyogenes secretes several proteins that influence host-pathogen interactions. A tissue-culture model was used to study the influence of the secreted cysteine protease streptococcal erythrogenic toxin B (SPE B) on the interaction between S. pyogenes strain NZ131 (serotype M49) and mammalian cells. Inactivation of the speB gene enhanced fibronectin-dependent uptake of the pathogen by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells compared to that in the isogenic wild-type strain. Preincubation of the NZ131 speB mutant with purified SPE B protease significantly inhibited fibronectin-dependent uptake by both CHO-K1 and CHO-pgs745 cells. The effect was attributed to an abrogation of fibronectin binding to the surface of the bacteria that did not involve either the M49 protein or the streptococcal fibronectin-binding protein SfbI. In contrast, pretreatment of the NZ131 speB mutant with SPE B did not influence sulfated polysaccharide-mediated uptake by CHO-pgs745 cells. The results indicate that the SPE B protease specifically alters bacterial cell surface proteins and thereby influences pathogen uptake.
Relationship between variability in aboveground net primary production and precipitation in global grasslands

Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is strongly correlated with annual precipitation (AP) in grassland ecosystems. However, the relationship between the interannual variation in ANPP and the variability in precipitation remains controversial. In this study, we used long‐term data of biomass and precipitation from 118 sites across global grasslands to examine the relationship between variability in ANPP and AP. Our results showed that ANPP increased with precipitation, but leveled off in humid regions, and that increased variation in precipitation led to an increase in the variability in ANPP. The relative ANPP maxima significantly increased with relative AP maxima and the relative ANPP minima also positively correlated with relative AP minima. These suggest that the fluctuations in precipitation can alter the growth of grasslands, which should be incorporated into the prediction and modeling of climate changes.