Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Potential Pathways to Adolescent Dating Violence and the Impact of Youth Relationship Education on Common Correlates of Adolescent Dating Violence

Romantic relationships play a significant role in adolescent development and set the framework for future relationship behaviors (Collins, 2003; Collins & Steinberg, 2006; Kerpelman et al., 2010). A national study recently revealed that roughly two-thirds of adolescents have been involved in an unhealthy or abusive relationship (Taylor & Mumford, 2016). Thus, there is a recent effort to focus on identifying the predictors of dating violence experiences as well as the effects of promising prevention efforts such as youth relationship education on reducing rates of adolescent dating violence. Building upon the existing literature, this two-study dissertation examined the potential processes through which the transmission of violence from parents to adolescents occurs as well as the impact of youth relationship education on common correlates of adolescent dating violence and dating violence experiences. The purpose of the first study was to develop a clearer understanding of the transmission of violence by examining the direct and indirect effects of exposure to interparental violence (IPV) and parents’ IPV acceptance on adolescents’ dating violence perpetration and victimization. In addition to being one of the first studies to consider the potential impact of parents’ IPV acceptance on adolescents’ dating violence experiences, this study is also one of few to test the individual effects of IPV exposure, adolescents’ dating violence acceptance, adolescents’ gender role beliefs, and parents’ IPV acceptance on the frequency of adolescents’ overall, physical, and psychological dating violence perpetration and victimization. Utilizing a
H∞ Filter Design for Vehicle Tracking Under Delayed and Noisy Measurements

In many intelligent vehicles applications tracking plays an important role. This paper considers tracking of a vehicle under delayed and noisy measurements. For this purpose we design an H∞ optimal filter for linear systems with time delays in the state and output variables. By using the duality between filtering and control, the problem at hand is transformed to a robust controller design for systems with time delays. The skew Toeplitz method developed earlier for the robust control of infinite dimensional systems is used to solve the H∞ filtering problem. The results are illustrated with simulations and effects of the time delay on the tracking performance are demonstrated.
Malignant pleural effusion cells show aberrant glucose metabolism gene expression

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) accompanying lung adenocarcinoma indicates poor prognosis and early metastasis. This study aimed to identify genes related to MPE formation. Three tissue sample cohorts, seven from healthy lungs, 18 from stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma with adjacent healthy lung tissue and 13 from lung adenocarcinomas with MPE, were analysed by oligonucleotide microarray. The identified genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. 20 up- or down-regulated genes with a two-fold change in MPE cancer cells compared to healthy tissues were differentially expressed from early- to late-stage lung cancer. Of 13 genes related to cellular metabolism, aldolase A (ALDOA), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD), transketolase (TKT), and tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) were related to glucose metabolism. qRT-PCR validated their mRNA expressions in pleural metastatic samples. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed aberrant TKT, ALDOA, and TSC1 expressions in tumour cells. Immunofluorescence confirmed TKT co-localisation and co-distribution of ALDOA with thyroid transcription factor 1-positive cancer cells. TKT regulated the proliferation, vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in vitro and in vivo vascular permeability of cancer cell. Glucose metabolic reprogramming by ALDOA, SORD, TKT and TSC1 is important in MPE pathogenesis.
Reconstructing individual monophonic instruments from musical mixtures using scene completion.

Monaural sound source separation is the process of separating sound sources from a single channel mixture. In mixtures of pitched musical instruments, the problem of overlapping harmonics poses a significant challenge to source separation and reconstruction. One standard method to resolve overlapped harmonics is based on the assumption that harmonics of the same source have correlated amplitude envelopes: common amplitude modulation (CAM). Based on CAM, overlapped harmonics are approximated using the amplitude envelope from the non‐overlapped harmonics of the same note. CAM assumes non‐overlapped harmonics from the same noteare available and have similar amplitude envelopes to the overlapped harmonics. This is not always the case. A technique is proposed for harmonic temporal envelope estimation based on the idea of scene completion. The system learns the harmonic envelope for each instrument’s notes from the non‐overlapped harmonics of other notes played by that instrument, wherever they occur in the rec.
TroTro: web browsing and user interfaces in rural Ghana

The quality of Internet connections around the world is extremely varied and very poor in rural areas despite high enthusiasm and investment of resources in computers. This study focuses on Internet users at schools and Internet cafés in rural Ghana. We wished to explore whether there were challenges to Internet use in addition to the poor connection quality itself. In our study we found that beyond connectivity, the lack of computer knowledge, poor usability of web interfaces, and "foreignization" of technology compounded the problem. To improve web access in these contexts, we designed TroTro, a browsing system that maintains a usable experience despite fluctuating connectivity and a wide range of user expertise. We followed web usability heuristics in our design and our results show evidence that our system allows both novice and expert computer users to enhance their individual web experience, explore content across different kinds of network conditions, and share resources within their community.
Reference Frames for Spatial Cognition: Different Brain Areas are Involved in Viewer-, Object-, and Landmark-Centered Judgments About Object Location

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare the neural correlates of three different types of spatial coding, which are implicated in crucial cognitive functions of our everyday life, such as visuomotor coordination and orientation in topographical space. By manipulating the requested spatial reference during a task of relative distance estimation, we directly compared viewer-centered, object-centered, and landmark-centered spatial coding of the same realistic 3-D information. Common activation was found in bilateral parietal, occipital, and right frontal premotor regions. The retrosplenial and ventromedial occipitaltemporal cortex (and parts of the parietal and occipital cortex) were significantly more activated during the landmark-centered condition. The ventrolateral occipitaltemporal cortex was particularly involved in object-centered coding. Results strongly demonstrate that viewer-centered (egocentric) coding is restricted to the dorsal stream and connected frontal regions, whereas a coding centered on external references requires both dorsal and ventral regions, depending on the reference being a movable object or a landmark.
Both thermal and non-thermal stress protect against caerulein induced pancreatitis and prevent trypsinogen activation in the pancreas

Background and aim: Recent studies have indicated that prior thermal stress causes upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in the pancreas and protects against secretagogue induced pancreatitis. The mechanisms responsible for the protective effect are not known. Similarly, the effects of prior non-thermal stress on HSP70 expression and pancreatitis are not known. The current studies were designed to specifically address these issues. Methods: In the current studies pancreatitis was induced by administration of a supramaximally stimulating dose of caerulein 12 hours after thermal stress and 24 hours after non-thermal (that is, β adrenergic stimulation) stress. Results: Both thermal and non-thermal stresses caused pancreatic HSP70 levels to rise and resulted in increased expression of HSP70 in acinar cells. Both forms of stresses protected against caerulein induced pancreatitis and prevented the early intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen which occurs in this model of pancreatitis. Conclusions: These results suggest that both thermal and non-thermal stresses protect against pancreatitis by preventing intrapancreatic digestive enzyme activation and that HSP70 may mediate this protective effect.
Comparison of Family Functioning, Personality Traits, and Attachment Styles in People with Internet Addiction and Healthy Controls

Thepurposeof thisstudywastocomparefamilyfunctioning,personalitytraits,andattachmentstylesamongpeoplewithInternet addiction and normal individuals. The research was conducted among high-school students from Salmas, Iran in 2016. The study sample consisted of all high-school students (n, 351) of Imam Khomeini High School in Salmas. The subjects completed four ques-tionnaires, including the family assessment device (FAD), NEO personality inventory, attachment styles questionnaire, and young’s Internetaddictionquestionnaire. Allstatisticalanalyses,includingdescriptivestatistics,ttest,andmutlidirectionalanalysisof vari-ance, were performed using SPSS version 16. The results showed a signiﬁcant relationship between Internet addiction and family functioning, personality traits, and attachment styles.
Analysis of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Cytotoxicity after 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Isolated Human Lymphocytes

The global use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is constantly growing and the field strengths increasing. Yet, only little data about harmful biological effects caused by MRI exposure are available and published research analyzing the impact of MRI on DNA integrity reported controversial results. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of 7 T ultra-high-field MRI on isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hence, unstimulated mononuclear blood cells were exposed to 7 T static magnetic field alone or in combination with maximum permissible imaging gradients and radiofrequency pulses as well as to ionizing radiation during computed tomography and γ-ray exposure. DNA double-strand breaks were quantified by flow cytometry and automated microscopy analysis of immunofluorescence stained γH2AX. Cytotoxicity was studied by CellTiter-Blue viability assay and [3H]-thymidine proliferation assay. Exposure of unstimulated mononuclear blood cells to 7 T static magnetic field alone or combined with varying gradient magnetic fields and pulsed radiofrequency fields did not induce DNA double-strand breaks, whereas irradiation with X- and γ-rays led to a dose-dependent induction of γH2AX foci. The viability assay revealed a time- and dose-dependent decrease in metabolic activity only among samples exposed to γ-radiation. Further, there was no evidence for altered proliferation response after cells were exposed to 7 T MRI or low doses of ionizing radiation (≤ 0.2 Gy). These findings confirm the acceptance of MRI as a safe non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool, but whether MRI can induce other types of DNA lesions or DNA double-strand breaks during altered conditions still needs to be investigated.
Steady-state Levels of Histone Acetylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae *

The importance of control of the levels of histone acetylation for the control of gene expression in eukaryotic chromatin is being elucidated, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be an important model system. The level of histone acetylation in yeast is the highest known. However, only acetylation of H4 has been quantified, and reports reveal loss of acetylation in histone preparations. A chaotropic guanidine-based method for histone isolation from intact wild-type cells or from a single-step nuclear preparation with butyrate preserves acetylation of all core histones. Histone H4 has an average of more than 2 acetylated lysines per molecule, distributed over 4 sites. Histones H2A, H3, and H2B have 0.2, ∼2, and >2 acetylated lysines per molecule, respectively, distributed across 2, 5, and 6 sites. Thus, yeast nucleosomes carry, on average, 13 acetylated lysines per octamer,i.e. just above the threshold of 10−12 deduced for transcriptionally activated chromatin of animals, plants, and algae. Following M r 100,000 ultrafiltration in 2.5% acetic acid, yeast histone H3 was purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Other core histones were obtained at 80−95% purity.
Exploration of Relationships among Individual and Organizational Characteristics, Nurse Leader Fatigue, and Turnover Intention

Understanding nurse leader fatigue and its relationship with turnover intention is essential for maintaining a viable leadership workforce. This secondary analysis of a national survey of nurse leaders explored the relationships of organizational and individual factors with nurse leader fatigue and turnover intention. A nurse leader’s membership in individual and organizational classes is associated with differences in acute and chronic fatigue levels. There were significant relationships between acute and chronic fatigue states and turnover intention. Acute fatigue was a mediating factor between individual and organizational classes and turnover intention. Future interventions to decrease nurse leader turnover intention could be tailored for different types of organizations, individual classes and fatigue type.
Evolution of host egg mimicry in a brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo

Brood parasitism in birds is one of the best examples of coevolutionary interactions in vertebrates. Coevolution between hosts and parasites is assumed to occur because the parasite imposes strong selection pressures on its hosts, reducing their fitness and thereby favouring counter-adaptations (e.g. egg rejection) which, in turn, select for parasite resistance (e.g. egg mimicry). Great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) are usually considered a brood parasite with eggs almost perfectly mimicking those of their host, the magpie (Pica pica). However, Cl. glandarius also exploits South African hosts with very different eggs, both in colour and size, while the Cl. glandarius eggs are similar to those laid in nests of European hosts. Here, we used spectrophotometric techniques for the first time to quantify mimicry of parasitic eggs for eight different host species. We found: (1) non-significant differences in appearance of Cl. glandarius eggs laid in nests of different host species, although eggs laid in South Africa and Europe differed significantly; (2) contrary to the general assumption that Cl. glandarius eggs better mimic those of the main host in Europe (P. pica), Cl. glandarius eggs more closely resembled those of the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana), a potential host in which there is no evidence of recent parasitism; (3) the appearance of Cl. glandarius eggs was not significantly related to the appearance of host eggs. We discuss three possible reasons why Cl. glandarius eggs resemble eggs of some of their hosts. We suggest that colouration of Cl. glandarius eggs is an apomorphic trait, and that variation between eggs laid in South African and European host nests is due to genetic isolation among these populations and not due to variation in colouration of host eggs. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 79, 551–563.
A Comparative Study of Geometry in Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks from Five Countries

The purposes of this study were to compare the differences in the use of geometry in elementary school mathematics textbooks among Finland, Mainland China, Singapore, Taiwan, and the USA and to investigate the relationships between the design of the textbooks and students’ performance on large-scale tests such as TIMSS-4 geometry, TIMSS-8 geometry, and PISA space and shape. The content analysis method was used to collect data, and then chi-square tests and correlation analyses were used to analyze data. The results showed that there were significant differences in representation form, problem type, and question format among these mathematics textbooks from the five countries. Moreover, the strength of the positive relationships between visual form (combined form) and students’ performance on TIMSS-4 geometry, TIMSS-8 geometry, and PISA space and shape decreases as students advance to higher grades, whereas increasing strength of correlations as students get older is found between contextual problems and students’ performance on the three large-scale tests.
Prognostic value of peak and post-exercise treadmill exercise echocardiography in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.

AIMS Although peak may have higher sensitivity than post-treadmill exercise echocardiography (EE) for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), its prognostic value remains unknown. We sought to assess the relative values of peak and post-EE for predicting outcome in patients with known/suspected CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 2947 patients who underwent EE. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was evaluated at rest, peak, and post-exercise. Ischaemia was defined as the development of new or worsening wall motion abnormalities with exercise. Separate analyses for all-cause mortality and major cardiac events (MACE) were performed. Ischaemia developed in 544 patients (18.5%). Among them, ischaemia was detected only at peak exercise in 124 patients (23%), whereas 414 (76%) had ischaemia at peak plus post-exercise imaging and six patients (1%) had ischaemia only at post-exercise. During follow-up, 164 patients died. The 5-year mortality rate was 3.5% in patients without ischaemia, 15.3% in patients with peak ischaemia alone, and 14% in patients with post-exercise ischaemia (P < 0.001 normal vs. ischaemic groups). In the multivariate analysis, post-exercise WMSI was an independent predictor of MACE [hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.19, P = 0.02]. Peak exercise WMSI was an independent predictor of MACE (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.30-3.69, P = 0.003) and mortality (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07-2.35, P = 0.02). The addition of peak EE results to clinical, resting echocardiography, exercise variables, and post-EE provided incremental prognostic information for MACE (P = 0.04) and mortality (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Peak treadmill EE provides significant incremental information over post-EE for predicting outcome in patients with known or suspected CAD.
Laparoscopic appendectomy under spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine infusion

Background Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is rarely performed under regional anesthesia because of pneumoperitoneum-related problems. We expected that dexmedetomidine would compensate for the problems arising from spinal anesthesia alone. Thus, we performed a feasibility study of spinal anesthesia with intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion. Methods Twenty-six patients undergoing LA received spinal anesthesia with intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion. During surgery, the patient's pain or discomfort was controlled by supplemental fentanyl or ketamine injection, and all adverse effects were evaluated. Results No patient required conversion to general anesthesia, and all operations were completed laparoscopically without conversion to open surgery. Seventeen (65.4%) patients required supplemental injection of fentanyl or ketamine. Bradycardia occurred in seven (26.9%) patients. Conclusions Spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine infusion may be feasible for LA. However, additional analgesia, sedation, and careful attention to the potential development of bradycardia are needed for a successful anesthetic outcome.
The Distribution and Size of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Cheirogaleus medius and Tarsius syrichta : Implications for the Evolution of Sensory Systems in Primates

Sensory specializations, particularly in the visual system, have been crucial factors in the evolution of brain and behavior in primates (Allman, 2000). The entire output of the retina is channeled through the retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve connecting the eye and brain. We have mapped the density of retinal ganglion cells in flattened retinal whole mounts in the dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius, and the Philippine tarsier, Tarsius syrichta. Figure 1 illustrates these maps, which reveal that the ganglion cell density is much lower throughout the retina in dwarf lemur than in the tarsier. In Figure 2, the data for cross sections near the horizontal meridian are depicted for the dwarf lemur and tarsier from our data compared with similar cross sections from the galago (DeBruyn et al., 1980) and mouse lemur (Dkhissi-Benyahya et al, 2001). These data indicate that the retinal ganglion cell densities as a function of eccentricity are similar in tarsier, galago and mouse lemur, and that the ganglion cell densities in dwarf lemur are much lower, particularly near the center of the retina. In Figure 3, we have added comparable cross sectional data for the diurnal rhesus macaque to illustrate the enormous increase in ganglion cell density associated with higher acuity in diurnal anthropoids. This point is further documented in Table 1, which shows peak retinal ganglion cell density and total ganglion cell number for 12 primate species. We have also measured ganglion cell diameters in the central and peripheral retinae of dwarf and mouse lemurs and tarsiers and combined our data with measurements previously made by Stone and Johnston (1981) (see Figure 4). Stone and Johnston found that retinal ganglion cells tend to be much larger in the periphery than in the center for the cat and the three diurnal anthropoids they examined (squirrel monkeys, rhesus macaques, and humans). There is also a strong tendency for peripheral ganglion cells to be larger than central cells in the nocturnal owl monkey for both the M and P subpopulations (Yamada et al., 2001). The peripheral cells are only slightly larger than the central cells in tarsiers and galagos, are about the same in mouse lemurs, and are slightly smaller in dwarf lemurs. The large size of the peripheral ganglion cells suggests that they may have larger, more rapidly conducting axons than those in the center. The large peripheral cells may thus serve to transmit …
Antioxidant Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Extracts in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

The antioxidant activities of fermented red ginseng (FRG) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid in FRG extracts were 17.01±2.00 μg/mg and 18.42±3.97 μg/mg, respectively. These extracts were capable of directly scavenging α, α-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. The antioxidative effects of the FRG extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were also investigated. The activities of plasma alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and γ-glutamyltransferase were significantly decreased by extract administration as compared to an STZ control group. Hepatic glutathione content depleted by STZ treatment was significantly increased by treatment of the FRG extracts, but the elevation of lipid peroxide content induced by STZ was significantly decreased by the extracts. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase decreased after STZ-treatment were recovered by the treatment of the FRG extracts. These results indicate that FRG extracts have antioxidative effets in STZ-induced diabetic rats.