Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flame Propagation in a Nonuniform Mixture: Analysis of a Propagating Triple-Flame

Abstract A situation in which a dilffusion flame reaches an end at some position in a medium of non-premixed reactants is studied. The mixing of reactants that takes place ahead of the diffusion flame leads to the formation of a “triple-flame”, a structure which consists of a fuel-rich premixed flame, a fuel-lean premixed flame, and a diffusion flame that starts where the two premixed flames meet. An important property of such an end-point is its ability to propagate. The limits of low heat release, unit Lewis number and large Zeldovich number are considered. The structure of the triple-flame and the unique relationship between propagation speed and transverse mixture Traction gradient are computed numerically. For the range of values considered here, the end of the diffusion flame is shown to extend itself at a rate that can be substantially reduced, but that remains positive as the gradient of the mixture fraction is increased.
Computation of LQ Approximations to Optimal Policy Problems in Different Information Settings under Zero Lower Bound Constraints

This paper describes a series of algorithms that are used to compute optimal policy under full and imperfect information. Firstly we describe how to obtain linear quadratic (LQ) approximations to a nonlinear optimal policy problem. We develop novel algorithms that are required as a result of having agents with forward-looking expectations, that go beyond the scope of those that are used when all equations are backward-looking; these are utilised to generate impulse response functions and second moments for the case of imperfect information. We describe algorithms for reducing a system to minimal form that are based on conventional approaches, and that are necessary to ensure that a solution for fully optimal policy can be computed. Finally we outline a computational algorithm that is used to generate solutions when there is a zero lower bound constraint for the nominal interest rate.
Global warming shifts Pacific tropical cyclone location

A global high‐resolution (∼40 km) atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM5 T319) is used to investigate the change of tropical cyclone frequency in the North Pacific under global warming. A time slice method is used in which sea surface temperature fields derived from a lower‐resolution coupled model run under the 20C3M (in which historical greenhouse gases in 20th century were prescribed as a radiative forcing) and A1B (in which carbon dioxide concentration was increased 1% each year from 2000 to 2070 and then was kept constant) scenarios are specified as the lower boundary conditions to simulate the current and the future warming climate, respectively. A significant shift is found in the location of tropical cyclones from the western to central Pacific. The shift to more tropical cyclones in the central and less in the western Pacific is not attributable to a change in atmospheric static stability, but to a change in the variance of tropical synoptic‐scale perturbations associated with a change in the background vertical wind shear and boundary layer divergence.
Action Recognition with Joints-Pooled 3D Deep Convolutional Descriptors

Torso joints can be considered as the landmarks of human body. An action consists of a series of body poses which are determined by the positions of the joints. With the rapid development of RGB-D camera technique and pose estimation research, the acquisition of the body joints has become much easier than before. Thus, we propose to incorporate joint positions with currently popular deep-learned features for action recognition. In this paper, we present a simple, yet effective method to aggregate convolutional activations of a 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D CNN) into discriminative descriptors based on joint positions. Two pooling schemes for mapping body joints into convolutional feature maps are discussed. The joints-pooled 3D deep convolutional descriptors (JDDs) are more effective and robust than the original 3D CNN features and other competing features. We evaluate the proposed descriptors on recognizing both short actions and complex activities. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that our method generates promising results, outperforming state-of-the-art results significantly.
The advantages of a cross-session web workspace

Conducting research using the web is often an iterative process of collecting, comparing and contrasting information. Not surprisingly, web-based research tasks habitually span multiple web sessions and involve considerable web page revisitation. Such tasks are not only carried out by researchers, but also by casual web users who, for example, plan vacations and large purchases. Despite the prominence of this activity among web users, existing tools support it poorly. We propose an alternative approach, whereby web-based research tasks are facilitated by a web workspace which represents collected URLs with web page thumbnails. A prototype of our design was developed and studied in an evaluation with 12 participants. Each of the participants adopted the workspace approach instinctively: the workspace was used for web page revisitation, web page comparison, collection overview, cross-session task continuation, and continuous task focus.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J Constraints on axion-like particles from non-observation of spectral modulations for X-ray point sources

We extend previous searches for X-ray spectral modulations induced by ALP-photon conversion to a variety of new sources, all consisting of quasars or AGNs located in or behind galaxy clusters. We consider a total of seven new sources, with data drawn from the Chandra archive. In all cases the spectrum is well ﬁt by an absorbed power-law with no evidence for spectral modulations, allowing constraints to be placed on the ALP-photon coupling parameter g aγγ . Two sources are particularly good: the Seyfert galaxy 2E3140 in A1795 and the AGN NGC3862 within the cluster A1367, leading to 95% bounds for light ALPs ( m a (cid:46) 10 − 12 eV) of g aγγ (cid:46) 1 . 5 × 10 − 12 GeV − 1 and g aγγ (cid:46) 2 . 4 × 10 − 12 GeV − 1 respectively.
Neural Decoding Reveals Impaired Face Configural Processing in the Right Fusiform Face Area of Individuals with Developmental Prosopagnosia

Most of human daily social interactions rely on the ability to successfully recognize faces. Yet ∼2% of the human population suffers from face blindness without any acquired brain damage [this is also known as developmental prosopagnosia (DP) or congenital prosopagnosia]). Despite the presence of severe behavioral face recognition deficits, surprisingly, a majority of DP individuals exhibit normal face selectivity in the right fusiform face area (FFA), a key brain region involved in face configural processing. This finding, together with evidence showing impairments downstream from the right FFA in DP individuals, has led some to argue that perhaps the right FFA is largely intact in DP individuals. Using fMRI multivoxel pattern analysis, here we report the discovery of a neural impairment in the right FFA of DP individuals that may play a critical role in mediating their face-processing deficits. In seven individuals with DP, we discovered that, despite the right FFA's preference for faces and it showing decoding for the different face parts, it exhibited impaired face configural decoding and did not contain distinct neural response patterns for the intact and the scrambled face configurations. This abnormality was not present throughout the ventral visual cortex, as normal neural decoding was found in an adjacent object-processing region. To our knowledge, this is the first direct neural evidence showing impaired face configural processing in the right FFA in individuals with DP. The discovery of this neural impairment provides a new clue to our understanding of the neural basis of DP.
Bayesian motion estimation accounts for a surprising bias in 3D vision

Determining the approach of a moving object is a vital survival skill that depends on the brain combining information about lateral translation and motion-in-depth. Given the importance of sensing motion for obstacle avoidance, it is surprising that humans make errors, reporting an object will miss them when it is on a collision course with their head. Here we provide evidence that biases observed when participants estimate movement in depth result from the brain's use of a “prior” favoring slow velocity. We formulate a Bayesian model for computing 3D motion using independently estimated parameters for the shape of the visual system's slow velocity prior. We demonstrate the success of this model in accounting for human behavior in separate experiments that assess both sensitivity and bias in 3D motion estimation. Our results show that a surprising perceptual error in 3D motion perception reflects the importance of prior probabilities when estimating environmental properties.
Teachers’ Perceptions on the Content of When English Rings a Bell Textbook

Textbook is a learning material that is often used by teachers in classroom. Textbook is needed by both students and teachers, either as a reference or as guidance during the teaching and learning process. The aim of this study was to describe the perception of English teachers of SMPN 2 Banda Aceh related to the content of English textbook “When English Rings a Bell ” based on BSNP (Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan) (2011) assessment aspects, namely the aspect of content feasibility. It was conducted to English teachers of the seventh grade students of SMPN 2 Banda Aceh. Two teachers were chosen as the interviewees of this study. A descriptive qualitative was used as the method in this study and the data was obtained by interviewing both English teachers. The results of interview with the two teachers about their perceptions about the textbook show that in terms of the suitability of material description with standard and basic competence, the content of “ When English Rings a Bell” textbook is already complete and relevant with the 2013 curriculum, syllabus, and standard and basic competence. Furthermore, it shows that the materials provided in this textbook were well-organized and contained no ambiguity. However, according to the two respondents, “When English Rings a Bell” textbook still has some weak points which need to be revisited. For example, the materials are provided in general way with a few examples. Some negatives and positives perceptions regarding the content of the textbook were also found in this study.
Functional Polymorphisms of FAS and FASL Gene and Risk of Breast Cancer – Pilot Study of 134 Cases

Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system is one of the key apoptotic signaling entities in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. De-regulation of this pathway, i.e. by mutations may prevent the immune system from the removal of newly-formed tumor cells, and thus lead to tumor formation. The present study investigated the association between −1377 G/A (rs2234767) and −670 A/G (rs1800682) polymorphisms in Fas as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms INV2nt −124 A/G (rs5030772) and −844 C/T (rs763110) in FasL in a sample of Iranian patients with breast cancer. This case-control study was done on 134 breast cancer patients and 152 normal women. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples. The polymorphisms were determined by using tetra-ARMS-PCR method. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of FAS rs2234767 polymorphism between cases and controls. FAS rs1800682, FASL rs5030772, and FASL rs763110 genotypes showed significant associations with an increasing risk of breast cancer (odds ratio OR = 3.18, P = 0.019; OR = 5.08, P = 0.012; OR = 2.40, P = 0.024, respectively). In conclusion, FAS rs2234767 was not associated with breast cancer risk. Though, FAS rs1800682, FASL rs5030772, and FASL rs763110 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of breast cancer in the examined population.
A sensemaking model of psychological contract change: When and how do employees respond to change?

There is growing attention in the academic literature and popular press regarding workplace transitions. Change is frequently mentioned as a defining quality of the new workplace and, in turn, employment relationships. A framework is presented that describes employee evaluation of the employment relationship in the context of change. Specifically, the authors apply psychological contract and sensemaking theories to address two questions: What contextual factors shape employee perceptions of change in psychological contract fulfillment? and What cognitive factors shape employee responses to perceptions of deficiency in psychological contract fulfillment? The authors’ aim is to enhance understanding of employment relationships in the context of organizational change and stimulate empirical research that treats change context as a substantive variable. The authors discuss theoretical and practical implications of the framework. Recommendations for practitioners engaged in organizational change are offered.
Orbit Regularization

We propose a general framework for regularization based on group-induced ma-jorization. In this framework, a group is defined to act on the parameter space and an orbit is fixed; to control complexity, the model parameters are confined to the convex hull of this orbit (the orbitope). We recover several well-known regularizes as particular cases, and reveal a connection between the hyperoctahedral group and the recently proposed sorted l1-norm. We derive the properties a group must satisfy for being amenable to optimization with conditional and projected gradient algorithms. Finally, we suggest a continuation strategy for orbit exploration, presenting simulation results for the symmetric and hyperoctahedral groups.
Contrasted levels of genetic diversity in a benthic Mediterranean octocoral: Consequences of different demographic histories?

Abstract Understanding the factors explaining the observed patterns of genetic diversity is an important question in evolutionary biology. We provide the first data on the genetic structure of a Mediterranean octocoral, the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini, along with insights into the demographic history of this species. We sampled populations in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea: continental France, Algeria, Turkey, and the Balearic and Corsica islands. Along French coasts, three sites were sampled at two depths (20 and 40 m). We demonstrated a high genetic structure in this species (overall FST = 0.13), and most pairwise differentiation tests were significant. We did not detect any difference between depths at the same site. Clustering analyses revealed four differentiated groups corresponding to the main geographical areas. The levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity were significantly different between regions, with highest diversity in Algeria and lowest levels in Turkey. The highest levels of private allelic richness were observed in Algeria followed by Turkey. Such contrasted patterns of genetic diversity were not observed in other Mediterranean octocorals and could be the result of different evolutionary histories. We also provide new empirical evidence of contrasting results between tests and model‐based studies of demographic history. Our results have important consequences for the management of this species.
Individual cell‐based models of the spatial‐temporal organization of multicellular systems—Achievements and limitations

Computational approaches of multicellular assemblies have reached a stage where they may contribute to unveil the processes that underlie the organization of tissues and multicellular aggregates. In this article, we briefly review and present some new results on a number of 3D lattice free individual cell‐based mathematical models of epithelial cell populations. The models we consider here are parameterized by bio‐physical and cell‐biological quantities on the level of an individual cell. Eventually, they aim at predicting the dynamics of the biological processes on the tissue level. We focus on a number of systems, the growth of cell populations in vitro, and the spatial‐temporal organization of regenerative tissues. For selected examples we compare different model approaches and show that the qualitative results are robust with respect to many model details. Hence, for the qualitative features and largely for the quantitative features many model details do not matter as long as characteristic biological features and mechanisms are correctly represented. For a quantitative prediction, the control of the bio‐physical and cell‐biological parameters on the molecular scale has to be known. At this point, slide‐based cytometry may contribute. It permits to track the fate of cells and other tissue subunits in time and validated the organization processes predicted by the mathematical models. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The 2QCV3Q Quality Model for the Analysiy of Web site Requirements

Requirements analysis constitutes a critical phase in the development of software systems, and for Web sites it can often be a determining factor in the success of the company or organisation. A thorough requirements elicitation will take into considerations the objectives and needs of all the actors involved. It is therefore important for an analyst to have conceptual instruments that support their identification, taking into account the different components of a Web site. In this paper we propose the application of a quality model - the 2QCV3Q meta-model - to the activities related to the requirements engineering process. To illustrate this we describe the requirements analysis for an ONLUS organisation called "No Pain for Children", a nonprofit association for promotion of analgesic treatment. Developed to evaluate the quality of existing Web sites, the meta-model proved to be a useful tool also in gathering and negotiating the requirements. In particular, it was possible to highlight from its conception the priorities of the newly founded association and also the potential areas of conflict between the objectives of the association (and its promoters) and the needs of the doctors and families involved with it.
An experimental approach to Intergroup Threat Theory: Manipulations, moderators, and consequences of realistic vs. symbolic threat

ABSTRACT According to Intergroup Threat Theory (Stephan, Ybarra, & Rios, 2015), perceived threats from outgroups can be categorised into realistic threats (to the ingroup’s power, resources, or well-being) and symbolic threats (to the ingroup’s values, identity, or way of life). Although many studies have documented correlations between such threats and intergroup attitudes, experimental and quasiexperimental tests of Intergroup Threat Theory are relatively sparse. In the present article, we review our own and others’ research on manipulations, moderators, and consequences of realistic and symbolic threat, with close attention to the ways in which these threats are similar vs. different. Given the growing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity in the Western world, understanding how and under what conditions each type of threat can be causally induced is critical to reducing threat and ultimately improving intergroup harmony.
Handcrafted Local Features are Convolutional Neural Networks

Image and video classification research has made great progress through the development of handcrafted local features and learning based features. These two architectures were proposed roughly at the same time and have flourished at overlapping stages of history. However, they are typically viewed as distinct approaches. In this paper, we emphasize their structural similarities and show how such a unified view helps us in designing features that balance efficiency and effectiveness. As an example, we study the problem of designing efficient video feature learning algorithms for action recognition. We approach this problem by first showing that local handcrafted features and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) share the same convolution-pooling network structure. We then propose a two-stream Convolutional ISA (ConvISA) that adopts the convolution-pooling structure of the state-of-the-art handcrafted video feature with greater modeling capacities and a cost-effective training algorithm. Through custom designed network structures for pixels and optical flow, our method also reflects distinctive characteristics of these two data sources. Our experimental results on standard action recognition benchmarks show that by focusing on the structure of CNNs, rather than end-to-end training methods, we are able to design an efficient and powerful video feature learning algorithm.
Evidence for Orbital Decay of RX J1914.4+2456: Gravitational Radiation and the Nature of the X-Ray Emission

RX J1914.4+2456 is a candidate double-degenerate binary (AM CVn) with a putative 569 s orbital period. If this identification is correct, then it has one of the shortest binary orbital periods known, and gravitational radiation should drive the orbital evolution and mass transfer if the binary is semidetached. Here we report the results of a coherent timing study of the archival ROSAT and ASCA data for RX J1914.4+2456. We performed a phase-coherent timing analysis using all observations spanning a ≈4.6 yr period. We demonstrate that all the data can be phase-connected, and we present evidence that the 1.756 mHz orbital frequency is increasing at a rate of (8 ± 3) × 10-18 Hz s-1, consistent with the expected loss of angular momentum from the binary system via gravitational radiation. In addition to providing evidence for the emission of gravitational waves, measurement of the orbital ν̇ constrains models for the X-ray emission and the nature of the secondary. If stable mass accretion drives the X-ray flux, then a positive ν̇ is inconsistent with a degenerate donor. A helium-burning dwarf is compatible if indeed such systems can have periods as short as that of RX J1914.4+2456, an open theoretical question. Our measurement of a positive ν̇ is consistent with the unipolar induction model of Wu et al., which does not require accretion to drive the X-ray flux. We discuss how future timing measurements of RX J1914.4+2456 (and systems like it) with, for example, Chandra and XMM-Newton, can provide a unique probe of the interaction between mass loss and gravitational radiation. We also discuss the importance of such measurements in the context of gravitational wave detection from space, such as is expected in the future with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission.