Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative corrections to the Drell-Yan transverse momentum distribution

We study non-perturbative corrections to the transverse momentum distribution of vector bosons in the Drell-Yan process. Factorizing out the Sudakov effects due to soft gluons we express their contribution to the distribution in the form of the vacuum averaged Wilson loop operator. We calculate the non-perturbative contribution to the Sudakov form factor using the expansion of the Wilson loop over vacuum fields supplemented with the expression for non-local gauge invariant field strength correlator. Although the Wilson loop is defined in an essentially Minkowski kinematics, the part of the non-perturbative contribution depending on the invariant mass of the produced vector bosons is governed by asymptotics of the correlator at large space-like (euclidean) separations and therefore can be calculated using conventional non-perturbative methods. Applying the results of lattice calculations we found that the obtained expression for the non-perturbative power corrections is in qualitative agreement with known phenomenological expressions at large transverse momenta and deviate from them at small transverse momenta.
Article in Press Computational Statistics and Data Analysis a Phase Ii Nonparametric Control Chart Based on Precedence Statistics with Runs-type Signaling Rules

Nonparametric control charts do not require knowledge about the shape of the underlying distribution and can thus be attractive in certain situations. Two new Shewhart-type nonparametric control charts are proposed for monitoring the unknown location parameter of a continuous population in Phase II (prospective) applications. The charts are based on control limits given by two specified order statistics from a reference sample, obtained from a Phase I (retrospective) analysis, and using some runs-type signaling rules. The plotting statistic can be any order statistic in a Phase II sample; the median is used here for simplicity and robustness. Exact run length distributions of the proposed charts are derived using conditioning and some results from the theory of runs. Tables are provided for practical implementation of the charts for a given in-control average run length (ARL 0) between 300 and 500. Comparisons of the average run length ARL, the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) and some run length percentiles show that the charts have robust in-control performance and are more efficient when the underlying distribution is t (symmetric with heavier tails than the normal) or gamma (1, 1) (right-skewed). Even for the normal distribution, the new charts are quite competitive. An illustrative numerical example is given. An added advantage of these charts is that they can be applied before all the data are collected which might lead to savings in time and resources in certain applications.
A cytokine mixture of GM-CSF and IL-3 that induces a neuroprotective phenotype of microglia leading to amelioration of (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism of rats

Dopamine (DA) agonists are widely used as primary treatments for Parkinson's disease. However, they do not prevent progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, the central pathology of the disease. In this study, we found that subcutaneous injection of a cytokine mixture containing granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) markedly suppressed dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats, an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The cytokine mixture suppressed the decrease of DA content in the striatum, and ameliorated motor function in the lesioned rats. In response to the cytokine injection, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL. Microglial activation in the pars compacta was evident in both the saline‐ and cytokine‐injected rats. However, the cytokine mixture suppressed expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factors α, and upregulated the neuroprotective factors insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and hepatocyte growth factor. Similar responses were observed in cultured microglia. Detailed morphometric analyses revealed that NG2 proteoglycan‐expressing glial cells increased in the cytokine‐injected rats, while astrocytic activation with increased expression of antioxidative factors was evident only in the saline‐injected rats. Thus, the present findings show that the cytokine mixture was markedly effective in suppressing neurodegeneration. Its neuroprotective effects may be mediated by increased expression of Bcl‐xL in dopaminergic neurons, and the activation of beneficial actions of microglia that promote neuronal survival. Furthermore, this cytokine mixture may have indirect actions on NG2 proteoglycan‐expressing glia, whose role may be implicated in neuronal survival.
Coding polymorphisms in the parkin gene and susceptibility to Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND Mutations in the parkin gene, an E3 protein-ubiquitin ligase, cause autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease (PD). The role of polymorphisms in the parkin gene as risk factors for PD is still unclear, as the results in the literature are contradictory. PATIENTS We compared the allele and genotype frequencies of the Ser167Asn, Arg366Trp, Val380Leu, and Asp394Asn polymorphisms in 194 patients with PD (92 familial and 102 sporadic) and 125 control subjects. RESULTS Homozygous Val380 was significantly associated with sporadic PD (P =.008). There was also a trend toward an association of homozygous Asp394 with familial PD (P =.07). CONCLUSIONS Some parkin polymorphisms appear to be risk factors for sporadic or familial PD. The functional effects of these coding polymorphisms need to be established, and further studies on parkin polymorphisms in PD should be undertaken.
Inferring semantic interest profiles from Twitter followees: does Twitter know better than your friends?

Social media based recommendation systems infer users' interests from their social network activity in order to provide personalised recommendations. Typically, the user profiles are generated by analysing the users' posts or tweets. However, there might be a significant difference between what a user produces and what she consumes. We propose an approach for inferring user interests from followees (the accounts the user follows) rather than tweets. This is done by extracting named entities from a user's followees using the English Wikipedia as knowledge base and regarding them as interests. Afterwards, a spreading activation algorithm is performed on a Wikipedia category taxonomy to aggregate the various interests to a more abstract interest profile. With over 7 out of 10 items being relevant to the users in our evaluation, we show that this approach can compete with the state of the art and performs even better in predicting the users' interests than their human friends do.
Bisphosphonates induce the osteogenic gene expression in co-cultured human endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are known to affect bone homeostasis and also to have anti‐angiogenic properties. Because of the intimate relationship between angiogenesis and osteogenesis, this study analysed the effects of Alendronate (AL) and Zoledronate (ZL) in the expression of endothelial and osteogenic genes on interacting endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells, an issue that was not previously addressed. Alendronate and ZL, 10−12–10−6 M, were evaluated in a direct co‐culture system of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC), over a period of 14 days. Experiments with the respective monocultures were run in parallel. Alendronate and ZL caused an initial dose‐dependent stimulation in the cell proliferation in the monocultures and co‐cultures, and did not interfere with their cellular organization. In HDMEC monocultures, the expression of the endothelial genes CD31, VE‐cadherin and VEGFR2 was down‐regulated by AL and ZL. In HMSC monocultures, the BPs inhibited VEGF expression, but up‐regulated the expression of the osteogenic genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and osteocalcin (OC) and, to a greater extent, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a negative regulator of the osteoclastic differentiation, and increased ALP activity. In co‐cultured HDMEC/HMSC, AL and ZL decreased the expression of endothelial genes but elicited an earlier and sustained overexpression of ALP, BMP‐2, OC and OPG, compared with the monocultured cells; they also induced ALP activity. This study showed for the first time that AL and ZL greatly induced the osteogenic gene expression on interacting endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells.
MRI chemical shift imaging of the fat content of the pancreas and liver of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The present study aimed to investigate the association between the content and distribution of fat in the pancreas and liver in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 70 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM (T2DM group) and 30 healthy volunteers (normal control group) were enrolled in the present study. Dual-echo magnetic resonance (MR) chemical shift imaging was used to measure the fat content of the liver and the head, body and tail regions of the pancreas. In addition, the distribution of fat in the various regions of the pancreas, as well as the average fat content of the pancreas versus the liver, were compared. The fat content of the pancreatic head, body and tail regions of the T2DM group were 5.59±4.70, 4.80±3.75 and 4.89±3.86%, respectively. The fat content of these regions in the normal control group were 3.89±2.47, 3.30±2.11 and 3.23±2.23%, respectively. The average fat content of the pancreas was 5.19±3.75% for the T2DM group and 3.47±2.00% for the normal control group. The average fat content of the liver was 9.87±3.19% for the T2DM group and 7.24±2.38% for the normal control group. Therefore, the results from MR chemical shift imaging suggested that there were no significant differences in the distribution of fat between the pancreas of patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and that from the healthy population; however, the average fat content in the pancreas of the T2DM group was significantly higher (F=3.597; P<0.05), as compared with the normal control group. In addition, there was no correlation between the fat contents in the pancreas and liver in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and the healthy population.
Sources of anti-immigration attitudes in the United Kingdom: the impact of population, labour market and skills context

This paper explores individual and regional characteristics as sources of anti-immigration attitudes of white UK born respondents using survey data from the five rounds of the European Social Survey, between 2002 and 2010, alongside regional indicators of population composition, labour market and skills context computed from the Labour Force Survey. Contrary to expectations, the regional unemployment rates for natives and immigrants are not statistically associated with a higher or lower probability of expressing anti-immigration attitudes. Furthermore, findings sug- gest that native respondents are more likely to support immigration restriction of those from poorer countries regardless of whether they are European or not and irrespective of ethnicity.
Bank Procyclicality, Credit Crunches, and Asymmetric Monetary Policy Effects: A Unifying Model

Much concern has recently been expressed that both large, procyclical changes in bank assets and "credit crunches" caused by bank reluctance to expand loans during recessions contribute to economic instability. These effects are difficult to explain using the standard textbook model of deposit expansion in which deposits are constrained only by reserve requirements. However, these effects follow easily if the model is expanded to include a second, capital constraint.
The M16 molecular complex under the influence of NGC6611. Herschel's perspective of the heating effect on the Eagle Nebula

We present Herschel images from the HOBYS key program of the Eagle Nebula (M16) in the far-infrared and sub-millimetre, using the PACS and SPIRE cameras at 70{\mu}m, 160{\mu}m, 250{\mu}m, 350{\mu}m, 500{\mu}m. M16, home to the Pillars of Creation, is largely under the influence of the nearby NGC6611 high-mass star cluster. The Herschel images reveal a clear dust temperature gradient running away from the centre of the cavity carved by the OB cluster. We investigate the heating effect of NGC6611 on the entire M16 star-forming complex seen by Herschel including the diffuse cloud environment and the dense filamentary structures identified in this region. In addition, we interpret the three-dimensional geometry of M16 with respect to the nebula, its surrounding environment, and the NGC6611 cavity. The dust temperature and column density maps reveal a prominent eastern filament running north-south and away from the high-mass star-forming central region and the NGC6611 cluster, as well as a northern filament which extends around and away from the cluster. The dust temperature in each of these filaments decreases with increasing distance from the NGC6611 cluster, indicating a heating penetration depth of \sim 10 pc in each direction in 3 - 6 \times 10^{22} cm-2 column density filaments. We show that in high-mass star-forming regions OB clusters impact the temperature of future star-forming sites, modifying the initial conditions for collapse and effecting the evolutionary criteria of protostars developed from spectral energy distributions. Possible scenarios for the origin of the morphology seen in this region are discussed, including a western equivalent to the eastern filament, which was destroyed by the creation of the OB cluster and its subsequent winds and radiation.
A decidability result for a second order process logic

We prove the decidability of the validity problem for a rather general language for talking about computations. As corollaries of our result, we obtain some decidability results of Pratt, Constable, Fischer-Ladner, and Pnueli and also a new decidability result for deterministic propositional dynamic logic.
The Behavioral Relevance of Multisensory Neural Response Interactions

Sensory information can interact to impact perception and behavior. Foods are appreciated according to their appearance, smell, taste and texture. Athletes and dancers combine visual, auditory, and somatosensory information to coordinate their movements. Under laboratory settings, detection and discrimination are likewise facilitated by multisensory signals. Research over the past several decades has shown that the requisite anatomy exists to support interactions between sensory systems in regions canonically designated as exclusively unisensory in their function and, more recently, that neural response interactions occur within these same regions, including even primary cortices and thalamic nuclei, at early post-stimulus latencies. Here, we review evidence concerning direct links between early, low-level neural response interactions and behavioral measures of multisensory integration.
Family profile of victims of child abuse and neglect in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To describe the family profile of child abuse and neglect (CAN) subjects in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively between July 2009 and December 2013 from patients’ files, which were obtained from the Child Protection Centre (CPC) based in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Four main sets of variables were examined: demographics of victim, family profile, parental information, and information on perpetrator and forms of abuse. Results: The charts of 220 CAN cases were retrospectively reviewed. Physical abuse was the most common form of abuse (42%), followed by neglect (39%), sexual abuse (14%), and emotional abuse (4%). Children with unemployed fathers were 2.8 times as likely to experience physical abuse. Children living in single/step-parent households were 4 times as likely to experience physical abuse. Regarding neglect children living in larger households (≥6) were 1.5 times as likely to be neglected by their parents as were children living in smaller households (<6). Regarding sexual abuse, male children were 2.9 times as likely to be abused as were female children. Conclusions: The recent acknowledgment of CAN as a public health problem in Saudi Arabia suggests that time will be needed to employ effective and culturally sensitive prevention strategies based on family risk factors.
A Bayesian Shrinkage Model for Incomplete Longitudinal Binary Data With Application to the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial

We consider inference in randomized longitudinal studies with missing data that is generated by skipped clinic visits and loss to followup. In this setting, it is well known that full data estimands are not identified unless unverified assumptions are imposed. We assume a non-future dependence model for the drop-out mechanism and partial ignorability for the intermittent missingness. We posit an exponential tilt model that links nonidentifiable distributions and distributions identified under partial ignorability. This exponential tilt model is indexed by nonidentified parameters, which are assumed to have an informative prior distribution, elicited from subject-matter experts. Under this model, full data estimands are shown to be expressed as functionals of the distribution of the observed data. To avoid the curse of dimensionality, we model the distribution of the observed data using a Bayesian shrinkage model. In a simulation study, we compare our approach to a fully parametric and a fully saturated model for the distribution of the observed data. Our methodology is motivated by, and applied to, data from the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial.
Viscosity-alpha and dynamo-alpha for magnetically driven compressible turbulence in Kepler disks

For a given isotropic and homogeneous field of mag- netic fluctuations both the viscosity- as well as the dynamo- have been computed for accretion disks on the basis of a quasi- linear approximation with shear flow and density fluctuations (i.e. magnetic buoyancy) included. The resulting viscosity- proves to be positive for sufficiently strong shear (i.e. the an- gular momentum transport is outwards) while the sign of the dynamo- depends on the hemisphere. Again, for sufficiently strong shear it changes its sign, it is now negative for the upper disk plane and positive for the lower one. The current helicity hj 0 B 0 i also changes its sign with increasing shear. For a Kepler flow in the upper (lower) disk plane, the sign is positive (negative). In our turbulence model the current helicity of the fluctuations and the -effect of dy- namo theory are almost always out of phase; the signs of all the quantities are in perfect correspondence to the numerical simulations of Brandenburg (1998, 2000). The kinetic helicity has the same sign as the -effect - not, as often assumed, the opposite one. The resulting ratio between the dynamo- and the viscosity- reveals the dynamo- amplitude as rather small compared with the turbulence intensity. This is in contrast to earlier re- sults on the basis of a quantitative approximation but again is in agreement with recent results of numerical simulations.
Searching in metric spaces with user-defined and approximate distances

Novel database applications, such as multimedia, data mining, e-commerce, and many others, make intensive use of similarity queries in order to retrieve the objects that better fit a user request. Since the effectiveness of such queries improves when the user is allowed to personalize the similarity criterion according to which database objects are evaluated and ranked, the development of access methods able to efficiently support user-defined similarity queries becomes a basic requirement. In this article we introduce the first index structure, called the QIC-M-tree, that can process user-defined queries in generic metric spaces, that is, where the only information about indexed objects is their relative distances. The QIC-M-tree is a metric access method that can deal with several distinct distances at a time: (1) a query (user-defined) distance, (2) an index distance (used to build the tree), and (3) a comparison (approximate) distance (used to quickly discard from the search uninteresting parts of the tree). We develop an analytical cost model that accurately characterizes the performance of the QIC-M-tree and validate such model through extensive experimentation on real metric data sets. In particular, our analysis is able to predict the best evaluation strategy (i.e., which distances to use) under a variety of configurations, by properly taking into account relevant factors such as the distribution of distances, the cost of computing distances, and the actual index structure. We also prove that the overall saving in CPU search costs when using an approximate distance can be estimated by using information on the data set only (thus such measure is independent of the underlying access method) and show that performance results are closely related to a novel "indexing" error measure.
Multifrequency Observations of Radio Pulse Broadening and Constraints on Interstellar Electron Density Microstructure

We have made observations of 98 low Galactic latitude pulsars to measure pulse broadening caused by multipath propagation through the interstellar medium. Data were collected with the 305 m Arecibo telescope at four radio frequencies between 430 and 2380 MHz. We used a CLEAN-based algorithm to deconvolve interstellar pulse broadening from the measured pulse shapes. We employed two distinct pulse-broadening functions (PBFs): PBF1 is appropriate for a thin screen of scattering material between the Earth and a pulsar, while PBF2 is appropriate for scattering material uniformly distributed along the line of sight from the Earth to a pulsar. We found that some observations were better fitted by PBF1 and some by PBF2. Pulse-broadening times (τd) are derived from fits of PBFs to the data and are compared with the predictions of a smoothed model of the Galactic electron distribution. Several lines of sight show excess broadening, which we model as clumps of high-density scattering material. A global analysis of all available data finds that the pulse broadening scales with frequency, ν, as τd ∝ ν-α, where α ~ 3.9 ± 0.2. This is somewhat shallower than the value α = 4.4 expected from a Kolmogorov medium but could arise if the spectrum of turbulence has an inner cutoff at ~300-800 km. A few objects follow particularly shallow scaling laws (the mean scaling index ⟨α⟩ ~ 3.1 ± 0.1 and ~3.8 ± 0.2, respectively, for PBF1 and PBF2), which may arise from large-scale refraction or from the truncation of scattering screens transverse to the Earth-pulsar line of sight.
Interacting quantum observables: categorical algebra and diagrammatics

This paper has two tightly intertwined aims: (i) to introduce an intuitive and universal graphical calculus for multi-qubit systems, the ZX-calculus, which greatly simplifies derivations in the area of quantum computation and information. (ii) To axiomatize complementarity of quantum observables within a general framework for physical theories in terms of dagger symmetric monoidal categories. We also axiomatize phase shifts within this framework. Using the well-studied canonical correspondence between graphical calculi and dagger symmetric monoidal categories, our results provide a purely graphical formalisation of complementarity for quantum observables. Each individual observable, represented by a commutative special dagger Frobenius algebra, gives rise to an Abelian group of phase shifts, which we call the phase group. We also identify a strong form of complementarity, satisfied by the Z- and X-spin observables, which yields a scaled variant of a bialgebra.