Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of learning in improving functional writing in stroke aphasia

Abstract Purpose: Improving writing in people with aphasia could improve ability to communicate, reduce isolation and increase access to information. One area that has not been sufficiently explored is the effect of impairment based spelling therapies on functional writing. A multiple case study was conducted with eight participants with aphasia subsequent to stroke. This aimed to measure the effects of spelling therapy on functional writing and perception of disability. Method: Participants engaged in 10 sessions of copy and recall spelling therapy. Outcome measures included spelling to dictation of trained and untrained words, written picture description, spelling accuracy within emails, a disability questionnaire and a writing frequency diary. Results: All participants made significant gains on treated words and six demonstrated improvements to untreated words. Group analyses showed significant improvements to written picture description, but not email writing, writing frequency or perceptions of disability. Conclusions: These results show that small doses of writing therapy can lead to large gains in specific types of writing. These gains did not extend to improvements in frequency of writing in daily living, nor ecological measures of email writing. There is a need to develop bridging interventions between experimental tasks towards more multi-faceted and ecological everyday writing tasks. Implications for Rehabilitation Acquired dysgraphia can restrict people from participating in social, educational and professional life. This study has shown that copy and recall spelling therapies can improve the spelling of treated words, untreated words and written picture description in people with a range of types and severities of dysgraphia following stroke. The results of this study suggest that more specific additional training is required for other writing activities such as email writing.
Human3.6M: Large Scale Datasets and Predictive Methods for 3D Human Sensing in Natural Environments

We introduce a new dataset, Human3.6M, of 3.6 Million accurate 3D Human poses, acquired by recording the performance of 5 female and 6 male subjects, under 4 different viewpoints, for training realistic human sensing systems and for evaluating the next generation of human pose estimation models and algorithms. Besides increasing the size of the datasets in the current state-of-the-art by several orders of magnitude, we also aim to complement such datasets with a diverse set of motions and poses encountered as part of typical human activities (taking photos, talking on the phone, posing, greeting, eating, etc.), with additional synchronized image, human motion capture, and time of flight (depth) data, and with accurate 3D body scans of all the subject actors involved. We also provide controlled mixed reality evaluation scenarios where 3D human models are animated using motion capture and inserted using correct 3D geometry, in complex real environments, viewed with moving cameras, and under occlusion. Finally, we provide a set of large-scale statistical models and detailed evaluation baselines for the dataset illustrating its diversity and the scope for improvement by future work in the research community. Our experiments show that our best large-scale model can leverage our full training set to obtain a 20% improvement in performance compared to a training set of the scale of the largest existing public dataset for this problem. Yet the potential for improvement by leveraging higher capacity, more complex models with our large dataset, is substantially vaster and should stimulate future research. The dataset together with code for the associated large-scale learning models, features, visualization tools, as well as the evaluation server, is available online at http://vision.imar. ro/human3.6m.
Effect of Antioxidants Mixture on the Quality Characteristics of Pork Sandwich Spread Stored under Refrigeration (4±1°C)

Effect of antioxidant level butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 1: 1) on the quality characteristic of pork sandwich spread during storage was studied. Three levels of antioxidant mix viz: 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 400 ppm were tried and product was evaluated weekly for physiochemical, microbiological and sensory properties along with the control during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) period of 28 days. The pH and water activity of the developed product were stable for a week during initial storage period followed by progressive decline, however, pH was again stable during latter part of storage period. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value as well as Total plate count (TPC) increased significantly at weekly intervals. Treated samples had lower TBARS value and TPC as compared to control. No Psychrotroph was detected till 14th day but after that it increased significantly. Psychrotrophic count of treatments and control did not vary significantly. No coliform or yeast and molds were detected throughout study period. There was no effect of antioxidant treatment on the scores of color, texture, juiciness, adhesion ability and spreadability of pork sandwich spread. However, flavour and overall acceptability scores increased with the increase in antioxidant levels. The scores of color, texture, juiciness, adhesion ability, spreadability did not vary significantly with progressive storage period. But the flavour and overall acceptability scores decreased significantly (P<0.05) at every week. Study concluded that antioxidant (BHA + BHT, 1: 1) treatments significantly improved the sensory and microbiological properties of pork sandwich spread at refrigerated storage (4±1°C).
Effect of manganese deficiency on gas exchange parameters, leaf greenness SPAD] and yield of perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L] and orchard grass [Dactylis glomerata L.]

Copper is essential for the growth and development of plants. This micronutrient affects chlorophyll content, photosynthesis process and water relations in the plant. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of copper deficiency in soil on the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, water use efficiency, leaf greenness and the yield of selected cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). During the growing season, the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration was measured using a LI-COR 6400 gas analyzer (Portable Photosynthesis System), and leaf greenness was estimated with a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated based on instantaneous values of photosynthesis and transpiration. Dry matter yield was determined by green matter drying to constant weight at 105oC. The results of the study indicate that copper deficiency significantly decreased the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, chlorophyll concentration in leaves and the yield of all investigated cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cv. Maja was found to be most resistant to copper deficiency – it was characterized by a high rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, and by the highest chlorophyll content. The yield of cv. Maja attained under copper deficit conditions was comparable to that of other cultivars grown under control conditions.
Quality of Health Care for Children in Australia, 2012-2013

Importance The quality of routine care for children is rarely assessed, and then usually in single settings or for single clinical conditions. Objective To estimate the quality of health care for children in Australia in inpatient and ambulatory health care settings. Design, Setting, and Participants Multistage stratified sample with medical record review to assess adherence with quality indicators extracted from clinical practice guidelines for 17 common, high-burden clinical conditions (noncommunicable [n = 5], mental health [n = 4], acute infection [n = 7], and injury [n = 1]), such as asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tonsillitis, and head injury. For these 17 conditions, 479 quality indicators were identified, with the number varying by condition, ranging from 9 for eczema to 54 for head injury. Four hundred medical records were targeted for sampling for each of 15 conditions while 267 records were targeted for anxiety and 133 for depression. Within each selected medical record, all visits for the 17 targeted conditions were identified, and separate quality assessments made for each. Care was evaluated for 6689 children 15 years of age and younger who had 15 240 visits to emergency departments, for inpatient admissions, or to pediatricians and general practitioners in selected urban and rural locations in 3 Australian states. These visits generated 160 202 quality indicator assessments. Exposures Quality indicators were identified through a systematic search of local and international guidelines. Individual indicators were extracted from guidelines and assessed using a 2-stage Delphi process. Main Outcomes and Measures Quality of care for each clinical condition and overall. Results Of 6689 children with surveyed medical records, 53.6% were aged 0 to 4 years and 55.5% were male. Adherence to quality of care indicators was estimated at 59.8% (95% CI, 57.5%-62.0%; n = 160 202) across the 17 conditions, ranging from a high of 88.8% (95% CI, 83.0%-93.1%; n = 2638) for autism to a low of 43.5% (95% CI, 36.8%-50.4%; n = 2354) for tonsillitis. The mean adherence by condition category was estimated as 60.5% (95% CI, 57.2%-63.8%; n = 41 265) for noncommunicable conditions (range, 52.8%-75.8%); 82.4% (95% CI, 79.0%-85.5%; n = 14 622) for mental health conditions (range, 71.5%-88.8%); 56.3% (95% CI, 53.2%-59.4%; n = 94 037) for acute infections (range, 43.5%-69.8%); and 78.3% (95% CI, 75.1%-81.2%; n = 10 278) for injury. Conclusions and Relevance Among a sample of children receiving care in Australia in 2012-2013, the overall prevalence of adherence to quality of care indicators for important conditions was not high. For many of these conditions, the quality of care may be inadequate.
Hepatitis E: Still Waters Run Deep

Abstract Hepatitis E is an infectious inflammatory disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), a single-stranded RNA virus. Today, it is estimated that there are more than 20 million HEV infections every year, leading to 3.3 million symptomatic cases and more than 56,000 deaths. For a long time it was believed that HEV was a travel-associated disease, endemic in developing countries with poor hygienic standards and unsafe water supply. However, over the past years, publications have demonstrated that autochthonous HEV infections in industrialized countries are far more common than previously thought. Awareness for HEV amongst health care practitioners in industrialized countries is still limited. This relatively rare disease is of great importance, especially in immunocompromised patients where it can cause chronic liver disease. This article comprehensively reviews current literature to give an overview on clinically important topics. It will focus on epidemiological aspects, acute and chronic HEV infection as well as extra-hepatic manifestations, diagnostic approach and treatment options. Furthermore, the article is concluded with a brief outlook on perspectives and urgent problems to be addressed in the future.
Comparison of the noise levels measured in the vicinity of a wind farm for shutdown and operational conditions

Outdoor and indoor microphone measurements have been taken in the vicinity of the Waterloo wind farm at a number of locations during periods when the nearby wind farm was operational as well as when it was shutdown. The majority of the shutdowns were of short duration and deliberate on the part of the wind farm operator, as they were associated with the recent EPA noise impact study. However, one of the shutdowns lasted for several days as it was related to a cable fault. Comparisons are made between both the third-octave spectra and narrowband spectra measured during the shutdown and operational periods. Operational times immediately adjacent to the shutdown times, as well as at other times when the wind conditions at hub height and at the residence matched the conditions recorded during a shutdown time, are considered in the analysis. It is shown that there are consistent and significant differences in noise spectra at the residence for the shutdown and operational cases, particularly for frequencies below 100 Hz. These differences can be observed at distances up to 8.7 km from the wind farm.
Lentiviral infection of proliferating brain macrophages in HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis despite sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 expression

Objective: HIV-1 infection of the brain and related cognitive impairment remain prevalent in HIV-1-infected individuals despite combination antiretroviral therapy. Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a newly identified host restriction factor that blocks the replication of HIV-1 and other retroviruses in myeloid cells. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation at residue Thr592 and viral protein X (Vpx)-mediated degradation of SAMHD1 have been shown to bypass SAMHD1 restriction in vitro. Herein, we investigated expression and phosphorylation of SAMHD1 in vivo in relation to macrophage infection and proliferation during the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) encephalitis. Methods: Using brain and other tissues from uninfected and SIV-infected macaques with or without encephalitis, we performed immunohistochemistry, multilabel fluorescence microscopy and western blot to examine the expression, localization and phosphorylation of SAMHD1. Results: The number of SAMHD1+ nuclei increased in encephalitic brains despite the presence of Vpx. Many of these cells were perivascular macrophages, although subsets of SAMHD1+ microglia and endothelial cells were also observed. The SAMHD1+ macrophages were shown to be both infected and proliferating. Moreover, the presence of cycling SAMHD1+ brain macrophages was confirmed in the tissue of HIV-1-infected patients with encephalitis. Finally, western blot analysis of brain-protein extracts from SIV-infected macaques showed that SAMHD1 protein exists in the brain mainly as an inactive Thr592-phosphorylated form. Conclusion: The ability of SAMHD1 to act as a restriction factor for SIV/HIV in the brain is likely bypassed in proliferating brain macrophages through the phosphorylation-mediated inactivation, not Vpx-mediated degradation of SAMHD1.
Assessment of Nurse's Knowledge and Practice Working in District Hospitals at Minia Governorate about Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia occurs in about 60% of newborns. If not managed properly, it can progress to severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNNJ) leading to death or permanent disability. Aim: To assess nurse's knowledge and practice about neonate with hyperbilirubinemia. Subjects: 41 nurses working in nine districts hospital in Minia governorate each district one hospital and from Minia district 3 hospital. Settings: The study was conducted on nurses working in11 governmental district hospital in Minia governorate Results: 58.5% of nurses below 26 years old with mean age25.8 ± 4.3 years and 63.4% live in rural area. As regard years of experience in neonatal intensive care unit 39% of nurses, 48.8% of nurses has experience <5 years in other departments, 70.7% of nurses received previous training in neonatal care . 92.7% of nurses have Satisfactory knowledge about hyperbilirubinemia . As regard relation between personal & socio-demographic data and nurses’ knowledge regarding hyperbilirubinemia it is shown that Years of experience in NICU and Years of experience in other department have high significant as ** P – value ≤ 0.01and Age / years ** P – value ≤ 005 and for Training is significant * P – value ≤ 05. Conclusion: Based on the finding of the present study one can conclude that the highest percentage of nurses had satisfactory knowledge, while minority of nurses’ had unsatisfactory score regarding hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Also the majority of nurses’ were competent regarding practices related to hyperbilirubinemia. Recommendation: Establishment of in-service educational program to provide continuous education for nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit aiming to refresh their knowledge, practice for care hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with and for the new assigned nurses to improve their knowledge and practice. Keywards: hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal, nurse's knowledge & practice
On the origin of cluster strengthening in aluminum alloys

Understanding the influence of atomic clusters formed during natural aging in aluminum alloys is a key problem to control more effectively the strength of alloys both during their processing and life. The yield strength of these alloys is controlled by the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms, and clusters. An empirical scaling law relating the dislocation-obstacle interaction force with the size of clusters has been developed and successfully used to predict the yield stress of a cluster strengthened AA6111 industrial aluminum alloy. It is proposed that the strengthening effect captured by the scaling law could come from the geometrical rearrangement of solute atoms from a random distribution to a clustered distribution, and/or from the change in strength of individual obstacles. A modified areal glide model was employed to investigate the statistical problem of a dislocation moving through a set of clustered point obstacles in the glide plane. The results of these simulations suggest that the degree of clustering of solute atoms does not influence the critical resolved shear stress. Then, molecular statics simulations were used to investigate the origin of the change in strength of individual clusters, in the simple case of Al-Mg alloys. A model based on elastic interaction between the solute atoms/clusters and an edge dislocation was developed and demonstrated to give good predictions for the maximum pinning force of single solutes, dimers and trimers. Using a detailed analysis of the model and the molecular statics simulations, it was shown that the strength of clusters principally comes from the elastic interaction between dislocations and solute atoms forming the clusters. Further, the change of topology of clusters was found to not significantly affect their strength at least in the case of Mg clusters in aluminum. Finally, this model was employed to determine the strengthening contribution of distributions of single solutes, dimers and trimers in binary Al-Mg alloys. The strength was found to roughly depend linearly on the size of clusters, however, its slope is lower than in the case of the AA6111 alloy which predominately contains a combination of Mg-Mg and Mg-Si clusters. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Dual-Color Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Reveals an Association of Chromosome 8q22 but Not 8p21 Imbalance with High Grade Invasive Breast Carcinoma

We previously reported molecular karyotype analysis of invasive breast tumour core needle biopsies by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (Walker et al, Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2008 May;47(5):405-17). That study identified frequently recurring gains and losses involving chromosome bands 8q22 and 8p21, respectively. Moreover, these data highlighted an association between 8q22 gain and typically aggressive grade 3 tumors. Here we validate and extend our previous investigations through FISH analysis of tumor touch imprints prepared from excised breast tumor specimens. Compared to post-surgical tumor excisions, core needle biopsies are known to be histologically less precise when predicting tumor grade. Therefore investigating these chromosomal aberrations in tumor samples that offer more reliable pathological assessment is likely to give a better overall indication of association. A series of 60 breast tumors were screened for genomic copy number changes at 8q22 and 8p21 by dual-color FISH. Results confirm previous findings that 8p loss (39%) and 8q gain (74%) occur frequently in invasive breast cancer. Both absolute quantification of 8q22 gain across the sample cohort, and a separate relative assessment by 8q22:8p21 copy number ratio, showed that the incidence of 8q22 gain significantly increased with grade (p = 0.004, absolute and p = 0.02, relative). In contrast, no association was found between 8p21 loss and tumor grade. These findings support the notion that 8q22 is a region of interest for invasive breast cancer pathogenesis, potentially harboring one or more genes that, when amplified, precipitate the molecular events that define high tumor grade.
Adult brain activation during visual learning and memory tasks. An experimental approach to translational neuroscience

RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Human brain connectome is a new and rapidly developing field in neuroscience. The pattern of structural and functional connectivity in the brain is not fixed but is continuously changing in response to experiences. Exploring these phenomena opens a powerful arsenal of analyses and computational approaches that could provide important new insights into clinical and cognitive neuroscience. The aim of the present study was to investigate the activations of adult brain cortical areas during a memory task performance by using functional MRI with a specific focus on gender differences. METHODS Twenty-nine right-handed subjects (15 men and 14 women) were scanned. The memory paradigm consisted of 4 consecutive sets of "on" and "off" blocks with a total duration of 4 minutes. The subjects were first presented with 4 pictures (fixation F-part) of the same theme-landscapes, portraits, anatomical images of internal organs, and geometric figures denoted by specific mismatching nouns (seasons, personal names, internal organs, and figures), followed by 3 of the presented pictures and questions for memory evaluation (recall R-part). For the active conditions, the participants were instructed to read the statements carefully and answer with a button press. RESULTS We found reliable occipital and temporal signal responses across the block design contrasts with statistical significant differences within the groups in both genders. Statistical significance in brain cortical activation was not found between men and women. CONCLUSION The results highlighted several detailed distinctions between the genders and potential future directions in brain activation studies as part of the multidisciplinary approach in translational neuroscience.
Focus High-Resolution Highly Squint SAR Data Using Azimuth-Variant Residual RCMC and Extended Nonlinear Chirp Scaling Based on a New Circle Model

The combination of linear range walk correction and keystone transform is a good choice to focus high-resolution highly squint synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data because it is an effective way to remove linear range cell migration (RCM) completely and mitigate range–azimuth coupling. However, the results of this kind of imaging algorithm produce 2-D-variant residual RCM and variant-dependence Doppler phases. To obtain high-quality SAR image, an improved imaging algorithm using an azimuth-variant residual RCM correction (RCMC) and an extended nonlinear chirp scaling (ENLCS) is proposed in this letter. A new circle model is constructed to analyze the azimuth-variant properties of the residual high-order RCM and the Doppler phases. Based on this circle model, an azimuth-variant residual RCMC is implemented by multiplying a fourth-order phase function, and an improved ENLCS is derived to accomplish the azimuth equalization for azimuth compression. Simulation results validate the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm.