Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mainstream or Special?: Educating Students with Disabilities

Part I Issues and Outcomes in Educational Provision: Chapter 1. Educating Students with Disabilities: Significant Issues Historical perspective Integration or segregation? The "least restrictive environment". Should disabilities be categorised? The right to education Needs-based supportive integration The inclusive school Chapter 2. Outcomes of Education for Children with Disabilities Academic outcomes Social outcomes Behavioural outcomes Long-term outcomes: the transition from school to adulthood Chapter 3. Attitudes and Disability: Community Perceptions of Education for Students with Disabilities Research on attitudes Attitudes of principles and teachers Attitudes of parents and students Factors which influence attitudes towards students with disabilities Chapter 4. Research Issues in Education of Students with Disabilities Critique of research methodology - problems with "efficacy" studies Alternative approaches to research Why research is important Part II Models of Educational Provision: Chapter 5. The Special School - a preferred option? Case Study Chapter 6. Transition: The Link School Concept Case Study Chapter 7. The Special Unit or Class Case Study Chapter 8. Inclusive Schooling: The Student with a Disability in the Regular Class Case Study Part III Providing for Special Needs - The Resources Issue: Chapter 9. What resources are needed? Teaching and ancillary staff Physical environment Curriculum modifications Structuring the social environment Mobility and communication Chapter 10. Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities Teaching functional skills in an educational context Education and health-related issues Part IV Current Trends and Practices: Chapter 11. Current Trends and Practices in Australia Policies and provisions for students with disabilities Who are the students with disabilities? - definitions and prevalence Where are students with disabilities being educated? Recent Australian research on provision for students with disabilities Chapter 12. The Future for Students with Disabilities The student with a disability in the overall educational context.
Liquidity and Financial Fragility

This paper develops a general equilibrium model to analyze the link between liquidity and financial fragility. Financial fragility is defined as the co-existence of two self-fulfilling expectation equilibria on the wholesale financial market. The "good time" equilibrium is characterized by high leverage, large balance sheets, and high credit risk taking in the banking sector. The "crisis time" equilibrium is associated with deleveraging, the collapse in trade, and liquidity hoarding. These two equilibria do not always co-exist: the wholesale financial market only becomes fragile when the liquidity available exceeds a certain threshold that is a function of productivity in the real sector. The economy is thus shown to have a limited liquidity absorption capacity. As an important side product, the model shows how international capital flows and global imbalances fragilize the financial system. It also discusses the microand macroprudential effects of regulatory capital requirements: although a rise in capital requirements reduces risk taking at the bank level, it has no incidence on financial fragility at the aggregate level.
A conceptual framework and classification of capability areas for business process maturity

The article elaborates on business process maturity, which indicates how well an organisation can perform based on its business processes, i.e. on its way of working. This topic is of paramount importance for managers who try to excel in today's competitive world. Hence, business process maturity is an emerging research field. However, no consensus exists on the capability areas (or skills) needed to excel. Moreover, their theoretical foundation and synergies with other fields are frequently neglected. To overcome this gap, our study presents a conceptual framework with six main capability areas and 17 sub areas. It draws on theories regarding the traditional business process lifecycle, which are supplemented by recognised organisation management theories. The comprehensiveness of this framework is validated by mapping 69 business process maturity models (BPMMs) to the identified capability areas, based on content analysis. Nonetheless, as a consensus neither exists among the collected BPMMs, a classification of different maturity types is proposed, based on cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. Consequently, the findings contribute to the grounding of business process literature. Possible future avenues are evaluating existing BPMMs, directing new BPMMs or investigating which combinations of capability areas (i.e. maturity types) contribute more to performance than others.
Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Monascus Fermented Product in the Absence of Monacolins with Partial Purification for Functional Food Applications

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common chronic diseases in human. Along with chemical therapy traditional medication is used as hypocholesterolemic remedy, however, with unfavorable side effects. Recently, Monascus fermented product (MFP) has become a popular hypocholesterolemic natural supplement. In the present study, the hypocholesterolemic activity of Monascus purpureus FTC5391 fermented product ethanolic extract (MFPe) was investigated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Results showed that MFPe not only reduced the serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, TG concentration, and TC/HDL-C ratio but also increased the HDL-C. Further, solid phase extraction (SPE) was carried out to obtain the hypocholesterolemic bioactive fraction. The high polar fraction of SPE increased the HDL-C (42%) and decreased the TC (53.3%), LDL-C (47%), and TG (50.7%) levels as well as TC/HDL-C ratio (69.1%) in serum. The GC-MS results of the active fraction revealed two main compounds, isosorbide and erythritol, which act as coronary vasodilator compounds.
Mathematical modelling of the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma-induced bone disease

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and results in destructive bone lesions. The interaction between MM cells and the bone microenvironment plays an important role in the development of the tumour cells and MM‐induced bone disease and forms a ‘vicious cycle’ of tumour development and bone destruction, intensified by suppression of osteoblast activity and promotion of osteoclast activity. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate how the interaction between MM cells and the bone microenvironment facilitates the development of the tumour cells and the resultant bone destruction. It includes both the roles of inhibited osteoblast activity and stimulated osteoclast activity. The model is able to mimic the temporal variation of bone cell concentrations and resultant bone volume after the invasion and then removal of the tumour cells and explains why MM‐induced bone lesions rarely heal even after the complete removal of MM cells. The behaviour of the model compares well with published experimental data. The model serves as a first step to understand the development of MM‐induced bone disease and could be applied further to evaluate the current therapies against MM‐induced bone disease and even suggests new potential therapeutic targets. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Cooperative interaction of factor B and other complement components with mononuclear cells in the antibody-independent lysis of xenogeneic erythrocytes

Synergistic cytotoxicity is a term used to describe a cytotoxic system in which xenogeneic erythrocyte target cells are lysed in the presence of nonimmune human mononuclear effector cells and antibody-depleted normal human serum. Neither the mononuclear cells nor the serum alone are cytolytic to the target erythrocytes. Previous studies have shown that the serum activity is not immunoglobulin and is heat-labile, suggesting a similarity to serum complement. In this report, sera deficient in various complement components as well as highly purified single complement components were tested with whole mononuclear cell populations and purified monocytes and lymphocytes to further characterize this cytotoxicity system. Whole mononuclear cell populations failed to mediate target cell lysis in sera deficient in C5 or factor B. However, C3-deficient serum, even in the presence of anti- C3 antibody, supported synergistic cytotoxicity normally. Purified lymphocytes were also normally cytotoxic in C3-deficient serum but failed to lyse targets in sera deficient in C5, C7, C8, or depleted of factor B. Purified monocytes failed to lyse the target cells only in factor B-depleted serum and could lyse the target cells in serum-free medium when purified factor B alone was added. Monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity induced by factor B was inhibited 73-100% by adding lymphocytes back to the purified monocytes. Thus, both lymphocytes and monocytes can serve as effector cells in this form of cytotoxicity but require cooperative interaction with different sets of complement components. In addition, lymphocytes can modulate the monocyte-mediated form of target cell lysis associated with factor B.
Internet banking adoption in India: Structural equation modeling approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors influencing adoption of internet banking in urban India. Design/methodology/approach – A model has been proposed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The proposed model is referred to as extended TAM and is better suited to identify and quantify the important factors that influence adoption of internet banking technology in India. Primary data relating to the variables affecting technology adoption and demographic profile are collected using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from 344 individuals who are either current/prospective internet banking users. Structural equation modeling was used to identify the important factors affecting internet banking technology adoption. Findings – The factors of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, awareness, quality of internet connection and computer self-efficacy are primary determinants of the attitude toward the use of internet banking in urban India. The .
Can we define success criteria for lumbar disc surgery?

Background and purpose A successful outcome after lumbar discectomy indicates a substantial improvement. To use the cutoffs for minimal clinically important difference (MCID) as success criteria has a large potential bias, simply because it is difficult to classify patients who report that they are “moderately improved”. We propose that the criteria for success should be defined by those who report that they are “completely recovered” or “much better”. Methods A cohort of 692 patients were operated for lumbar disc herniation and followed for one year in the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. The global perceived scale of change was used as an external criterion, and success was defined as those who reported that they were “completely recovered” or “much better”. Criteria for success for each of (1) the Oswestry disability index (ODI; score range 0–100 where 0 = no disability), (2) the numerical pain scale (NRS; range 0–10 where 0 = no pain) for back and leg pain, and (3) the Euroqol (EQ-5D; –0.6 to 1 where 1 = perfect health) were estimated by defining the optimal cutoff point on receiver operating characteristic curves. Results The cutoff values for success for the mean change scores were 20 (ODI), 2.5 (NRS back), 3.5 (NRS leg), and 0.30 (EQ-5D). According to the cutoff estimates, the proportions of successful outcomes were 66% for the ODI and 67% for the NRS leg pain scale. Interpretation The sensitivity/specificity values for the ODI and leg pain were acceptable, whereas they were very low for the EQ-5D. The cutoffs for success can be used as benchmarks when comparing data from different surgical units.
Mental Health of Muslims Living in a Southeastern City in the United States.

SHAMSHAD, AHMED. Mental health of Muslims living in a southeastern city in the United States. (Under the direction of Edwin R. Gerler, Jr.) This study sought to determine if differences exist in the level of anxiety and depression in Muslims from Arab and non-Arab countries living in America. Beck (1967) proposed that the essential component of a depressive disorder is a negative cognitive set; that is, the tendency to view the self, the future, and the world in a dysfunctional manner. In this study, depression was measured using Beck’s Depression Inventory. The results show that Muslims from Arab countries scored higher in depression relative to Muslims from nonArab countries. According to Spielberger (1966, p. 41,) trait anxiety refers to relatively stable individual differences in anxiety-proneness; that is, differences between people in the tendency to perceive a stressful situation as dangerous or threatening, and to respond to such situations with elevations in the intensity of their state anxiety (S-Anxiety) reactions. This study found that Muslims from Arab and non-Arab countries differed significantly from Muslims form Arab countries for depression, state and trait anxiety. National and international circumstances and events may help account for these differences. Probable origins and possible diagnosis for depression and anxiety in Muslims who immigrated to America are discussed here. MENTAL HEALTH OF MUSLIMS LIVING IN A SOUTHEASTERN CITY IN THE UNITED STATES
Ellipsoid approximation versus 3D rotational angiography in the volumetric assessment of intracranial aneurysms.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the volumetric results of intracranial aneurysms obtained by calculation of the volume of an ellipsoid with those obtained with 3D rotational angiography (3D-RA). METHODS First, the precision of 3D-RA in the assessment of volumetric measurement of intracranial aneurysm had to be established. The 3D-RA gave an overestimation of 4% to 5.5% of the actual volume of a spherical object. Then, 484 consecutive human intracranial aneurysms were studied with 3D-RA, allowing the determination of their volume. In the meantime, aneurysm dimensions (height and width) were measured on the 3D pictures generated by the 3D-RA. The aneurysm volumes were obtained by considering the aneurysm shape to be ellipsoidal, according to the formula: (formula in text). RESULTS The calculated aneurysm volume (V(calc)) overestimated by 15 +/- 38% the volume given by 3D-RA. Taking into account a 10% margin of error, 227 (47%) aneurysms were overestimated by 44 +/- 34%, whereas 113 (23%) aneurysms were underestimated by 25 +/- 12%. Only 144 (30%) aneurysms had calculated and 3D-RA results within the limits of 10% of discrepancy. Concordance was good for pericallosal and basilar tip aneurysms (mean overestimation of 6 +/- 22% and 8 +/- 27%, respectively). Conversely, there was a high discrepancy between calculated and 3D-RA results for posterior communicating artery aneurysms (mean overestimation of 22 +/- 44%). CONCLUSION The calculation of the volume based on aneurysm dimensions is relatively accurate for pericallosal and basilar tip aneurysms, probably owing to their spherical or elliptic shape. Conversely, this formula is not adequate for irregularly shaped lesions, such as posterior communicating aneurysms.
Backscattering from conducting targets in continuous random media for circular polarization

The polarization of incident waves is one of the key factors in radar detection and remote sensing problems. In a previous study, attention was drawn to the anomalous increase in the radar cross-section (RCS) of a target in a random medium that occurs with H-polarization. This large increase occurs with a small-size target and is attributed to the coupling between the direct and creeping waves. In this work, we aim to probe the effect of the creeping waves on the scattering waves for circular wave polarization and compare it with the previous results. Therefore, we can control the target detection by choosing the proper polarization, which does not lead to anomalous phenomena. In doing so, we present numerical results for RCS and analyse the characteristics of the enhancement in the RCS (ERCS) behaviour of targets in random media. In this regard, we assume partially convex targets of different configurations. We consider the case in which a directly incident wave is produced by a line source distributed uniformly along the axis parallel to the conducting cylinder (target) axis. Then we can deal with this scattering problem two-dimensionally under the condition of strong continuous random media with large local scale size.
A Consistent Estimate of Land Price, Structure Price, and Depreciation Factor

The price of a single-family house can be viewed as the bundle of the land price, and the replacement/construction cost of the structure, adjusted for depreciation. Given the difficulty in obtaining accurate estimates of each of the elements, previous researches estimate land price as the residual via subtracting the external construction cost and depreciation factor from home price. In this paper, we provide a coherent framework, in which land price index, construction cost index, and depreciation factors can be estimated from home price data, without relying on exogenous assumptions on construction cost or depreciation factors. We demonstrate our methodology by using AHS microdata to estimate land price, structure price, and depreciation indices simultaneously in six large metropolitan areas. The empirical results are consistent with previous research papers. To our knowledge, our method is the first to combine repeat sales approach and hedonic approach, and estimate all three indices simultaneously in an internal consistent fashion. This method can be utilized to provide historical estimates of residential land prices, and serve as the basis for land price forecasts.
Analytical methods for the mechanics of graphene bubbles

When placing a graphene membrane on a substrate, gas molecules may be trapped underneath to form bubbles. The size of a graphene bubble (e.g., diameter and height) depends on the number of gas molecules that are trapped, the elastic properties of graphene, and the interfacial adhesion between graphene and the substrate. A mechanics analysis of such graphene bubbles is conducted via membrane and nonlinear plate theories, so that the interfacial adhesion can be determined directly from measurements of the bubble size. A comparison of the results from these two models establishes that the membrane analysis is sufficient for relatively large bubbles. The adhesion energy of mechanically exfoliated graphene on silicon oxide is extracted from two reported data sets using the simple membrane theory, and the values range from 0.097 to 0.43 J/m2. Moreover, the strain distribution of the graphene bubbles and transport of gas molecules among the bubbles are discussed.
Dynamics of quantum turbulence of different spectra

Turbulence in a superfluid in the zero-temperature limit consists of a dynamic tangle of quantized vortex filaments. Different types of turbulence are possible depending on the level of correlations in the orientation of vortex lines. We provide an overview of turbulence in superfluid 4He with a particular focus on recent experiments probing the decay of turbulence in the zero-temperature regime below 0.5 K. We describe extensive measurements of the vortex line density during the free decay of different types of turbulence: ultraquantum and quasiclassical turbulence in both stationary and rotating containers. The observed decays and the effective dissipation as a function of temperature are compared with theoretical models and numerical simulations.
Proteomics and Metabolomics for In Situ Monitoring of Wound Healing

Wound healing of soft tissue and bone defects is a complex process in which cellular differentiation and adaption are regulated by internal and external factors, among them are many different proteins. In contrast to insights into the significance of various single proteins based on model systems, the knowledge about the processes at the actual site of wound healing is still limited. This is caused by a general lack of methods that allow sampling of extracellular factors, metabolites, and proteins in situ. Sampling of wound fluids in combination with proteomics and metabolomics is one of the promising approaches to gain comprehensive and time resolved data on effector molecules. Here, we describe an approach to sample metabolites by microdialysis and to extract proteins simultaneously by adsorption. With this approach it is possible (i) to collect, enrich, and purify proteins for a comprehensive proteome analysis; (ii) to detect more than 600 proteins in different defects including more than 100 secreted proteins, of which many proteins have previously been demonstrated to have diagnostic or predictive power for the wound healing state; and (iii) to combine continuous sampling of cytokines and metabolites and discontinuous sampling of larger proteins to gain complementary information of the same defect.
On the feasibility of market solutions to self-control problems

Summary I consider behavior and welfare in competitive markets supplying harmful or beneficial goods when consumers, at each moment in time, prefer immediate gratification more than they would themselves approve. In a spot market and without advance commitment to her consumption level, a decision maker overconsumes harmful goods and underconsumes beneficial goods from her own point of view. The optimal level of consumption can be achieved by adjusting prices in a way that forces a consumer to fully internalize the future consequences of consumption. Calibrations in the case of tobacco and exercise indicate that the optimal interventions can be very large. I examine the extent to which market forces can provide such “selfcontrol” interventions, when firms and consumers can agree on price schedules ex ante. If consumers are bound to the firm whose offer they accept and price schedules are restricted to two-part tariffs, consumption is much closer to optimal than in a spot market. But if consumers cannot be prevented from purchasing from other firms ex post, the consumption of harmful goods is as if only a spot market was available. And if firms can engage in non-linear pricing, perfectly sophisticated consumers consume optimally in equilibrium, but individuals with an arbitrarily small amount of overoptimism regarding their self-control problem consume as if they were buying on the spot market. Hence, government intervention may typically be necessary to correct self-control problems.
EXPATRIATES VERSUS IMMIGRANTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SECOND-GENERATION EGYPTIANS IN QATAR AND THE UNITED STATES

Academics have extensively studied the life trajectories of second-generation immigrants. Various research studies have explored their identity-negotiation processes by looking at their degree of assimilation and acculturation into their host countries and their transnational connections to their home countries. However, there is a dearth of literature on how children of expatriates handle their identity negotiation processes. Relying on open-ended interviews, the research question that this thesis addresses is the following: how can we explain the differences and similarities in identity negotiations that arise between second-generation Egyptian immigrants in the U.S. and second-generation Egyptian expatriates in Qatar? The main similarity that arises between the identity negotiation processes of Egyptians in Qatar and Egyptians in the U.S. is that both groups negotiate the ‘identities’ around them while getting involved in various “transnational practices” in the context they operate. Respondents were raised in highly “transnationalized” environments in their communities, which subsequently served as pretexts to respondents’ decisions to “engage” in further “transnational practices. ”