Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of seven mixed dentition analysis methods and to evaluate the most reliable one in Nalgonda population

Objective: To determine the most reliable mixed dentition analysis method for Nalgonda population. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 boys and 60 girls of Nalgonda population, in the age group of 13-16 years. The mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of the permanent incisors, canines, premolars, and 1 st permanent molars were measured on the study models of all the subjects. Seven different mixed dentition analyses were performed which include Bachmann′s, Gross and Hassund′s, Trankmann et al., Camilo et al., Legovic et al., Tanaka-Johnston and Moyer′s methods and were later compared. The Pearson′s Correlation coefficients were calculated between the sums of the mesiodistal diameters (MDDs) of permanent canine, and premolars as measured on the study models and the predicted MDDs of the same using each of these seven methods. Results: The correlation coefficient r was highest for Moyer′s mixed dentition analysis with a value of 0.957 and 0.979 in the mandibular and maxillary arch respectively for boys and 0.935 and 0.946 in the mandibular and maxillary arch respectively for girls. Conclusion: Moyer′s mixed dentition analysis was found to be the most reliable method for both boys and girls of Nalgonda population of all the 7 methods compared.
Steroid Signaling System Responds Differently to Temperature and Hormone Manipulation in the Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans), a Reptile with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination

Many reptiles, including the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans), exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Temperature determines gonadal sex during the middle of embryogenesis, or the temperature-sensitive period (TSP), when gonadal sex is labile to both temperature and hormones – particularly estrogen. The biological actions of steroid hormones are mediated by their receptors as defined here as the classic transcriptional regulation of target genes. To elucidate estrogen action during sex determination, we examined estrogen receptor α (Esr1, hereafter referred to as ERα), estrogen receptor β (Esr2, hereafter referred to as ERβ), and androgen receptor (Ar, hereafter referred to as AR) expression in slider turtle gonads before, during and after the TSP, as well as following sex reversal via temperature or steroid hormone manipulation. ERα and AR levels spike at the female-producing temperature while ovarian sex is determined, but none of the receptors exhibited sexually dimorphic localization within the gonad prior to morphological differentiation. All three receptors respond differentially to sex-reversing treatments. When shifted to female-producing temperatures, embryos maintain ERα and AR expression while ERβ is reduced. When shifted to male-producing temperatures, medullary expression of all three receptors is reduced. Feminization via estradiol (E2) treatment at a male-producing temperature profoundly changed the expression patterns for all three receptors. ERα and ERβ redirected to the cortex in E2-created ovaries, while AR medullary expression was transiently reduced. Although warmer incubation temperature and estrogen result in the same endpoint (ovarian development), our results indicate different steroid signaling patterns between temperature- and estrogen-induced feminization.
Superposition modulation: myths and facts

Traditionally, digital modulation schemes are bijective (i.e., the signal constellation points are disjunct), and the mapping is unique. Only recently it has been discovered that non-bijective modulation schemes may outperform bijective modulation schemes when employed in conjunction with suitable channel coding and iterative processing. In this in-depth tutorial, we clarify myths and facts about non-bijective modulation. Emphasis is on superposition modulation (SM). Without active signal shaping, SM outperforms bit-interleaved coded modulation with PSK or square QAM modulation at even lower receiver complexity.
Excessive dynamic airway collapse and wheeze: Reasons for contemplation

The degree of collapse which qualifies as abnormal also differs from one source to other. While some authorities take 50% as the cutoff, others have taken cutoff as high as 70% to define EDAC as up to 78% of normal persons might show airway collapsibility of 50% or more. [5,6] In the absence of physiological parameters reflecting the effect of the tracheal collapse, it will seem that the different cutoffs are but arbitrary. This makes the diagnosis of EDAC problematic due to the different cutoffs employed. The lower cutoff employed by the authors might account for the higher proportion of patients in this study who had EDAC/TBM.
Triangular Alignment (TAME): A Tensor-Based Approach for Higher-Order Network Alignment

Network alignment has extensive applications in comparative interactomics. Traditional approaches aim to simultaneously maximize the number of conserved edges and the underlying similarity of aligned entities. We propose a novel formulation of the network alignment problem that extends topological similarity to higher-order structures and provides a new objective function that maximizes the number of aligned substructures. This objective function corresponds to an integer programming problem, which is NP-hard. Consequently, we identify a closely related surrogate function whose maximization results in a tensor eigenvector problem. Based on this formulation, we present an algorithm called Triangular AlignMEnt (TAME), which attempts to maximize the number of aligned triangles across networks. Using a case study on the NAPAbench dataset, we show that triangular alignment is capable of producing mappings with high node correctness. We further evaluate our method by aligning yeast and human interactomes. Our results indicate that TAME outperforms the state-of-art alignment methods in terms of conserved triangles. In addition, we show that the number of conserved triangles is more significantly correlated, compared to the conserved edge, with node correctness and co-expression of edges. Our formulation and resulting algorithms can be easily extended to arbitrary motifs.
Whole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review

Background Control of body weight by balancing energy intake and energy expenditure is of major importance for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, but the role of specific dietary factors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes is less well established. We evaluated intakes of whole grain, bran, and germ in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. Methods and Findings We followed 161,737 US women of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) I and II, without history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. The age at baseline was 37–65 y for NHSI and 26–46 y for NHSII. Dietary intakes and potential confounders were assessed with regularly administered questionnaires. We documented 6,486 cases of type 2 diabetes during 12–18 y of follow-up. Other prospective cohort studies on whole grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes were identified in searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE up to January 2007, and data were independently extracted by two reviewers. The median whole grain intake in the lowest and highest quintile of intake was, respectively, 3.7 and 31.2 g/d for NHSI and 6.2 and 39.9 g/d for NHSII. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relative risks (RRs) for the highest as compared with the lowest quintile of whole grain intake was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.69) for NHSI and 0.68 (95% CI 0.57–0.81) for NHSII (both: p-value, test for trend <0.001). After further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), these RRs were 0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.83; p-value, test for trend <0.001) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.72–1.02; p-value, test for trend 0.03) respectively. Associations for bran intake were similar to those for total whole grain intake, whereas no significant association was observed for germ intake after adjustment for bran. Based on pooled data for six cohort studies including 286,125 participants and 10,944 cases of type 2 diabetes, a two-serving-per-day increment in whole grain consumption was associated with a 21% (95% CI 13%–28%) decrease in risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for potential confounders and BMI. Conclusions Whole grain intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, and this association is stronger for bran than for germ. Findings from prospective cohort studies consistently support increasing whole grain consumption for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : A Meta-Analysis Do Statins Improve Outcomes and Reduce the Incidence of Vasospasm After Aneurysmal

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : A Meta-Analysis Do Statins Improve Outcomes and Reduce the Incidence of Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628 Copyright © 2008 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Stroke doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107. 508341 2008;39:2622-2626; originally published online July 24, 2008; Stroke. http://stroke.ahajournals. org/content/39/9/2622 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Association of Eating Attitudes Between Teenage Girls and Their Parents

Background: Mothers of eating disordered adolescents were more likely to have an eating disorder. However, some contradictory findings were reported because some studies failed to find this association. Aims: The main objective of the study was to determine the association of eating attitudes in adolescent girls with eating attitudes in their parents. Methods: A sample of 969 girls from Osona County (Barcelona, Spain) and their parents participated in the study. Girls completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and their weight and height were measured. Parents completed questionnaire with self-reported weight and height, demographic characteristics and EAT-26. Results: 10.1% of girls showed high EAT-26 scores (> 20 points), indicating abnormal eating attitudes. Female adolescents were almost three times more likely to have abnormal eating attitudes if their mothers scored high on EAT-26 (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.5—5.2). Other significant predictors of high EAT-26 scores were age and obesity. Conclusions: An abnormal eating attitude of the mother was identified as a potential risk factor in the development of eating disorders in female adolescents.
Diets and clinical coronary events: the truth is out there.

Perhaps no question is asked more often of physicians, and particularly of cardiologists, than, “What should I be eating to prevent heart disease? ” Over recent years, vast amounts of literature have been produced on this topic, and fortunes have been made from books offering advice and programs offering supervision. Even one of the most respected nutritional epidemiologists has written a lay-press book, recognizing the critical need for improved dietary habits in the general population.1 Despite the glut of dietary advice, however, the direction that Americans are taking is discouragingly clear. Although lipid levels and the age-adjusted incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) are declining gradually, rates of obesity and diabetes (two risk factors for CAD) are skyrocketing,2 threatening a reversal of the gains achieved to date. Information about the “best diet” is incomplete, unscientific, and often conflicting. On one hand, people wishing to avoid CAD or prevent its progression are told to eat less fat. Some undoubtedly interpret this as a recommendation to eat a high-carbohydrate diet instead, contributing to epidemics in diabetes and obesity, and placing them at risk for CAD. On the other hand, many overweight or obese Americans attempt to lose weight through one of the popular weight-reducing diets, many of which severely restrict carbohydrates. The resulting increase in proportional calories from protein (and fat) may pose a risk; a recent Science Advisory from the American Heart Association has expressed concern about weight-loss diets recommending a high proportion of calories from protein.3 According to the Advisory, the possible risks of such diets include metabolically induced liver and kidney damage and CAD. Unfortunately, very little in this public health warning can be substantiated by clinical outcome studies. Thus, people with and without CAD, and their doctors, still face a dilemma. Fats are considered “bad” because …
Restricted mobility of membrane constituents in cell-substrate focal contacts of chicken fibroblasts

We studied the lateral mobility of membrane components in cell- substrate focal contacts using the fluorescence photobleaching recovery method. The measurements were performed on isolated substrate-attached membranes of chicken gizzard fibroblasts. The diffusion coefficients of a fluorescent lipid probe and rhodamine-conjugated surface proteins within contact regions (identified by interference-reflection microscopy) were significantly lower than those measured in nonattached areas along the ventral membrane. Complete recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching of the lipid probe was measured both in focal contacts and in nonattached areas with lateral diffusion coefficient (D) of approximately 10(-8) cm2/s. This indicated that the lipid probe is free to diffuse from and into the contact regions. Rhodamine-labeled surface components (mostly proteins) exhibited almost complete recovery after bleaching (approximately 90%) in unattached regions of the ventral membrane with D congruent to 10(-9 cm2/s. The rhodamine-labeled proteins in focal contacts showed only partial recovery (approximately 50%), suggesting that large proportion of the membrane proteins in cell- substrate contacts are immobile (within the time scale of the experiments, D less than or equal to 5 x 10(-12) cm2/s. The implications of these findings on the molecular dynamics of cell contacts are discussed.
The relationship between dietary advanced glycation end products and indicators of diabetes severity in Mexicans and non-Hispanic whites: a pilot study

Diet is an important source of exogenous advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Dietary AGEs content depends on nutrient composition and on the way food is processed/cooked. The objective of our study was to compare AGEs intake of two different ethnic groups (Mexicans and non-Hispanic whites) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to study the relationship between dietary AGEs and diabetes-related complications. Complications were self-reported by subjects (n = 65) and categorized according to a published DM disease severity index as low risk or moderate-high risk. Dietary records for 10 days were used to estimate dietary AGEs from a published food table. Non-Hispanic whites had higher intake of dietary AGEs (natural logarithm was used, LogAGEs) when compared with Mexicans, which was consistent with their higher intake of saturated fat. In addition, for each unit increase in the LogAGEs, a participant was 3.7 times more likely to have moderate-high risk for cardiovascular disease.
Exploration of prehospital vital sign trends for the prediction of trauma outcomes.

OBJECTIVES We explored whether there are diagnostically useful temporal trends in prehospital vital signs of trauma patients. METHODS Vital signs were monitored during transport to a level I trauma center and electronically archived. Retrospectively, we identified reliable vital signs recorded from the 0- to 7-minute interval and from the 14- to 21-minute interval during transport, and, for each subject, we computed the temporal differences between the two intervals' vital signs, the intrasubject 95% data ranges, the values during the initial 2 minutes, and the 21-minute overall means. We tested for differences between subjects with major hemorrhage versus control subjects, and computed receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We conducted sensitivity analyses, exploring alternative clinical outcomes, temporal windows, and methods of identifying reliable data. RESULTS Comparing major hemorrhage cases versus controls, there were no discriminatory differences in temporal vital sign trends. Hemorrhage cases had significantly wider intrasubject data ranges for systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), and shock index (SI) versus controls. All results were consistent in several sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that prehospital vital sign trends over 21 minutes or less are unlikely to be diagnostically useful because of substantial nondirectional fluctuations in vital signs that would obscure any subtle, progressive temporal trends. SBP, RR, and SI values were significantly different for high-acuity patients, and had more variability. Taken together, these findings suggest that higher-acuity patients experience episodes of instability rather than gradual, steady decline. Measures that account for data variability, such as taking the average of multiple measurements, may improve the diagnostic utility of prehospital vital signs.
Androgen Receptors Expression in Pituitary of Male Viscacha in relation to Growth and Reproductive Cycle

The aim of this work was to study the androgen receptors (AR) expression in pituitary pars distalis (PD) of male viscachas in relation to growth and reproductive cycle. AR were detected by immunocytochemistry and quantified by image analysis. Pituitary glands from fetus, immature, prepubertal, and adult viscachas during their reproductive cycle were used. In the fetal PD, the immunoreactivity (ir) was mainly cytoplasmic. In immature and prepubertal animals, AR-ir was cytoplasmic (ARc-ir) and nuclear (ARn-ir) in medial region. In adult animals, ARn-ir cells were numerous at caudal end. AR regionalization varied between the PD zones in relation to growth. In immature animals, the ARn-ir increased whereas the cytoplasmic expression decreased in relation to the fetal glands. The percentage of ARc-ir cells increased in prepubertal animals whereas the nuclear AR expression was predominant in adult viscachas. The AR expression changed in adults, showing minimum percentage in the gonadal regression period. The variation of nuclear AR expression was directly related with testosterone concentration. These results demonstrated variations in the immunostaining pattern, regionalization, and number of AR-ir cells throughout development, growth, and reproductive cycle, suggesting the involvement of AR in the regulation of the pituitary activity of male viscacha.
Nutrient Requirements And Environmental Conditions For The Cultivation Of The Medicinal Mushroom (Lentinula Edodes) (Berk.) In Ghana

The optimum nutrient and environmental growth conditions of three strains of Lentinula edodes (Le 75, Le P and Quagu) were investigated for their ability to grow under different temperatures, on some selected natural media, at different light durations as well as different acidities. Temperatures investigated ranged from 16 o C to 30 o C. Optimal temperature for the development of all the three strains of L. edodes was at 25 o C. The five selected natural media were; maize, rice, millet, sorghum meal agar and potatoes dextrose agar. The best mycelial growth on natural media was recorded on sorghum meal agar. The mycelia growth rates were also investigated under light durations. The best growth of L. edodes was in constant 24 hrs darkness for all the three strains and the differences between them were significant (P≤0.05). Mycelial filaments were relatively dense when it was incubated in alternating shifts of dark/light conditions; this showed that light is an important factor in the mycelial characteristics of this fungus. This baseline data obtained on these parameters is necessary for the cultivation of Lentinula edodes in Ghana as it is being introduced into the country for the first time.
Model for the solid state phase transformation and transformation plasticity during casting in grey cast iron GJL350

The development of stresses and distortions in solidifying metallic components during casting processes is not only influenced by the temperature field created across the mould but can also be strongly influenced by the transformation kinetics occurring in the solidifying metal. It is challenging to apply numerical methods which are strictly based on a coupled thermo-mechanical model because the models do not account for the inhomogeneous distribution of alloying elements, particularly carbon. Therefore a viable model has to take into account some preselected difference by heated states using short-time austenitizing, which includes a carbon gradient in order to understand the influence of carbon on thermomechanical properties. The aim of the present work is to identify high temperature parameters for a lamellar cast iron GJL-350 in order to include them into a material model. The transformation kinetics for non-isothermal transformations are determined from measured isothermal TTT-diagrams at differently heated states. Doing so, it was also possible to determine the isothermal TTT-diagrams as a function of the carbon content in the matrix.
Nafazatrom‐Induced Salvage of Ischemic Myocardium in Anesthetized Dogs is Mediated through Inhibition of Neutrophil Function

The effects of nafazatrom on leukocyte function in vitro and in vivo were related to its ability to salvage ischemic myocardium in an occlusion-reperfusion model of myocardial injury in the anesthetized dog. Nafazatrom (0.4–75 μM) produced dose-related inhibition in vitro of neutrophil aggregation, superoxide anion generation, arachidonic acid metabolism, and, to a lesser extent, the release of β-glucuronidase. In contrast, nafazatrom (0.4–37.5 μM) did not substantially influence platelet aggregation or the platelet metabolism of arachidonic acid. In vivo nafazatrom (10 mg/kg, po) reduced infarct size from 58 ± 3% of the risk area (mean ± SEM, n = 9) in control dogs to 23 ± 2% of the risk area (n = 9, P < 0.01). Nafazatrom also reduced the incidence of accompanying arrhythmias. Nafazatrom-induced myocardial salvage was not associated with any hemodynamic changes; moreover, it was independent of platelets, since thrombocytopenia did not prevent nafazatrom from exerting a protective effect. Measurements of the neutrophil-specific myeloperoxidase enzyme in ischemic myocardium indicate that the smaller infarct size in dogs treated with nafazatrom is accompanied by diminished leukocyte infiltration. Thus, the ability of nafazatrom to inhibit neutrophil function in vitro and cell infiltration in vivo may underly its myocardial-protective effects.