Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An intellectual history of psychology

Philosophical psychology: defining the subject psychology in the Hellenic age - from the pre-Socratics to the "Dialogues" the Hellenistic age - Aristotle, the Epicureans and the Stoics patristic psychology - the authority of faith scholastic psychology - the authority of Aristotle nature and spirit in the Renaissance. From philosophy to psychology: empiricism - the authority of experience rationalism - the geometry of the mind materialism - the enlightened machine. Scientific psychology: the 19th century - the authority of scienec from systems to specialities - the crucial half century (1870-1920) contemporary formulations.
Tobacco use among Swedish schoolchildren

Objective: To study the prevalence of snus use and of smoking among Swedish schoolchildren from 1989 to 2003. Design: Surveys conducted by the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Setting: All of Sweden. Subjects: 84 472 boys and girls age 15–16 years. Main outcome measures: Subjects are classified as non-smokers, occasional smokers, and regular smokers, and into three similar categories for snus use. Tobacco use is reported as sex specific prevalence. Results: During the period 1989 to 2003, the prevalence of tobacco use declined both among boys and girls. For boys, regular smoking declined after 1992 from 10% to 4%. Their snus use was about 10% in the 1990s but increased to 13% by 2003. Regular smoking among girls was 20% in early years and declined to 15%. Smoking among girls was always double that among boys. Patterns of occasional tobacco use were similar to those of regular use. Conclusions: The high prevalence of snus use in Sweden not only reduces smoking rates among Swedish men, but suppresses smoking among boys as well.
Patients expectations and fulfilment of expectations before and after treatment for suspected coronary artery disease assessed with a newly developed questionnaire in combination with established health-related quality of life questionnaires

Background Clinical decision-making is often based on evidence of outcome after a specific treatment. Healthcare providers and patients may, however, have different perceptions and expectations of what to achieve from a certain healthcare measure. Aims To evaluate patients’ expectations, perceptions and health related quality of life (HRQoL) before a care process including coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease and to evaluate the fulfilment of these expectations in relation to established patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) 6 months later. Furthermore, an aim was to try to define meaningful patient reported experience measures (PREMs) in this population. Methods 544 patients planned for coronary angiography completed a newly developed questionnaire to assess expectations and perceptions of treatment, the expectation questionnaire (ExpQ) and two established HRQoL questionnaires together with the established generic Short-Form 36 (SF36) and the disease specific Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Results Patients had before the intervention, in general, high expectations of improvement after investigation and treatment and there was a positive attitude towards life style changes, medication and participation in decision-making regarding their own treatment. Only, 56.4% of the patients, however, reported fulfilment of treatment expectations. Fulfilment of treatment expectations correlated strongly with improvement in HRQoL after the care process. Conclusions To measure patients ́ expectations and fulfilments of these may offer simple and meaningful outcomes to evaluate a healthcare process from a patient ́s perspective. To approach patients’ expectations may also strengthen patient involvement in the care process with the possibilities of both higher patient satisfaction and medical results of the treatment.
Two‐Finger Gestures for 6DOF Manipulation of 3D Objects

Multitouch input devices afford effective solutions for 6DOF (six Degrees of Freedom) manipulation of 3D objects. Mainly focusing on large‐size multitouch screens, existing solutions typically require at least three fingers and bimanual interaction for full 6DOF manipulation. However, single‐hand, two‐finger operations are preferred especially for portable multitouch devices (e.g., popular smartphones) to cause less hand occlusion and relieve the other hand for necessary tasks like holding the devices. Our key idea for full 6DOF control using only two contact fingers is to introduce two manipulation modes and two corresponding gestures by examining the moving characteristics of the two fingers, instead of the number of fingers or the directness of individual fingers as done in previous works. We solve the resulting binary classification problem using a learning‐based approach. Our pilot experiment shows that with only two contact fingers and typically unimanual interaction, our technique is comparable to or even better than the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Technological Learning and Labor Market Dynamics

The search‐and‐matching model of the labor market fails to match two important business cycle facts: (i) a high volatility of unemployment relative to labor productivity, and (ii) a mild correlation between these two variables. We address these shortcomings by focusing on technological learning‐by‐doing: the notion that it takes workers' time using a technology before reaching their full productive potential with it. We consider a novel source of business cycles, namely, fluctuations in the speed of technological learning, and show that a search‐and‐matching model featuring such shocks can account for both facts. Moreover, our model provides a new interpretation of recently discussed “news shocks. ”
Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) professional development as a predictor of teacher leadership in the United States

This study expands on the work of Huerta et al. (2008) by reexamining the relationship between professional development and teacher leadership using more comprehensive measures of each. By confirming Huerta et al’s (2008) finding that Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) professional development is a significant predictor of teacher leadership, the current study indicates that AVID does in fact support educators with quality professional development which helps them become more apt in their leadership abilities. Even more experienced teachers continue to develop as leaders as they receive additional professional development. Outcomes of this study are expected to benefit school leaders, teachers, AVID personnel, district level administrators and staff developers, and policy‐makers interested in AVID as a school reform effort.
The determinants of satisfaction with e-banking

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to the field of satisfaction research from the perspective of electronic banking users; a topic of great interest to the business strategies of financial institutions. In this context, the authors analyse the main determinants of user experience with a specific institution's products.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive review of the scientific literature has justified the development of a behavioural model that explains satisfaction using a set of constructs or endogenous variables. Data was collected from a self‐administered web survey in the authenticated section of the electronic banking service of a prestigious financial institution.Findings – The analysis tests the relationship between the proposed variables (accessibility, trust, ease of use and usefulness) and satisfaction with electronic banking.Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to the data of a single financial institution. Caution should therefore be exercised in .
Income Inequality and Gender in New Zealand, 1998-2003

A number of authors have documented an increase in earnings or income inequality in New Zealand during the late 1980s and early 1990s, a period of major economic reform, however no study has evaluated changes in inequality during the post-reform era. This paper applies a recently-developed method for decomposing changes in inequality to New Zealand income and earnings data and extends it to analyse changes in inequality between men and women. Across the total working-age population, income inequality rose among both males and females between 1998 and 2003. In both cases, the majority of this was unexplained by changes in the observed determinants of income, however shifts in the distribution of education and the associated returns were responsible for part of the increase. Among the subset of workers, earnings inequality increased significantly for both genders. Although changes in the returns to measured characteristics contributed to the rise in inequality, this was partially offset by changes in the distribution of these characteristics. Between-gender inequality fell with respect to both samples. In contrast to within-gender inequality, this was largely explained by changes in the returns to the observed characteristics. Overall, there is evidence that the male and female income distributions are converging, although both are becoming more dispersed.
Estimation of salivary sialic acid in oral premalignancy and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aims: Oral cancer is the most life-threatening disease of oral tissues. In societies where the incidence of oral cancer is high, clinically recognizable premalignant lesions are particularly common. Diagnosing oral cancers at an early stage is critical in improving the survival rate and reducing the morbidity associated with the disease. Alterations in the sialic acid levels in cancer patients have stimulated interest in this sugar residue as a possible tumor marker. Settings and Design: The purpose of this study was to estimate the salivary sialic acid levels in patients with oral premalignancy and squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate it with their grades to develop a cost-effective and noninvasive diagnostic parameter. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from the groups under study and subjected to biochemical analysis for determination of sialic acid levels. Statistical Analysis Used: The salivary sialic acid levels were correlated with the clinical stage and histological grade by one-way ANOVA (SPSS software version 15). Results: Salivary sialic acid was elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to oral premalignancy and control group. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the grades of squamous cell carcinoma, grades of dysplasia in premalignancy, and sialic acid level. Conclusion and Clinical Significance: Evaluation of salivary sialic acid levels in premalignant and malignant lesions can serve as a screening tool. The mortality and morbidity of OSCC can be reduced if the lesions are diagnosed in early precancerous states using such noninvasive diagnostic methods for screening and monitoring of the population.
The Use of Risk Assessments to Inform the Treatment of Adolescents Who Have Committed Sexual Offenses

Risk assessments of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses are often used to guide court decisions about dispositions. Beyond their use in legal decision making, risk assessments can also be helpful in treatment planning. In this article, we describe how risk assessments may be used to plan level of care, develop an individualized treatment plan, and evaluate treatment progress for juveniles who have committed a sexual offense. We include a brief overview of research on juvenile risk assessments, provide a clinical case example to demonstrate the process of integrating risk assessments into treatment planning, and conclude with practice recommendations for forensic mental health practitioners.
The use of concept mapping in learning science subjects by Arab students

Summary The study was designed to assess the effectiveness of use of the concept mapping technique in the learning of science subjects by Arab students in a preparatory school second grade, located in the Gaza Strip. Concept mapping is a schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions. The subjects of this study were randomly assigned to the two regularly scheduled classes, and each class was assigned to either experimental or control conditions. In the control class, the teaching approach was primarily teacher orientated, that is the teacher used the lecturing method in sequencing the instructional activities. In the case of the experimental class, the concept mapping approach added the generation of propositional relationships among concepts on maps, using the same content material. The results of this study indicated that the experimental class subjects achieved better than those of the control class.
Subjectivity, intersubjectivity and the historical construction of interlocutor stance: from stance markers to discourse markers

This study draws upon the techniques of corpus linguistics, discourse analysis and historical pragmatics to provide an account of the ways in which speakers recruit markers of epistemic stance to capture their construction of the attitudes of their interlocutors, addressees, or audience. It then examines the ways in which selected markers lose their subjective force over time, whether expressive of the speaker’s attitude or the speaker’s sense of the interlocutor’s attitude, to become interactive markers of the exchange involved in an exchange. The article thus tracks the subtle shifts from speaker subjectivity to the speaker’s projection of subjectivity to the addressee (intersubjectivity), to the association of an expression with the dynamics of the interactive process itself (interactiveness). The article examines instances of semasiological change, that is, changes of meaning associated with the lexical expressions, you know, you see, and you say.
Bus transit service reliability: Understanding the impacts of overlapping bus service on headway delays and determinants of bus bunching

To retain and attract new riders, transit agencies are frequently in search for ways to improve system reliability. Transit agencies typically operate several routes that partially or fully overlay (or overlap) one another in order to offer a better service coverage to reach various destinations. While previous research has focused on understanding the general factors that impact headway adherence and delay, there has been little effort to address the effects of overlapping bus routes on service headway adherence and service bunching. This research investigates the impacts of bus route overlapping on service headway delay and probability of bunching at the stop-level of analysis. The study uses automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems data collected from TriMet, the public transit provider for Portland, Oregon, USA, along one of its heavily utilized bus corridors, the Barbur bus corridor. It is shown that service overlapping can increase headway delay by 3.8 seconds, with no impacts on service bunching. It is also shown that headway delay is a function of scheduled headway between trips. Thus, scheduling more time between trips decreases the service delay, with a minimum of delay occurring at 20 minutes. Trips starting late at the beginning of a route increase the odds of bunching for the following trip on schedule more than its delay. This study offers transit agencies and schedulers a better understanding of the effects of service overlapping on service headway delays from schedule and the determinants of us bunching, which are important components of transit service reliability.
Expression of CREB in Primary Pterygium and Correlation with Cyclin D1, ki-67, MMP7, p53, p63, Survivin and Vimentin

Aim: Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces gene expression that leads to skin cancer. Among the transcription factors induced by UVB radiation exposure, the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is significant. Since several factors downstream of CREB signaling are known to be involved in pterygium pathogenesis, we investigated CREB expression in pterygial and human conjunctival tissues to evaluate if a similar expression pattern is present. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation with CREB expression and other known pterygium markers. Methods: Primary pterygium samples and normal bulbar conjunctivas surgically removed were analyzed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry with anti-CREB, anti-vimentin, anti-ki-67, anti-survivin, anti-MMP7, anti-p63, anti-cyclin D1, or anti-p53 antibodies. Results: 94.4% of pterygium samples were positive for CREB with a significant difference compared to the control group (p = 0.002). The staining was localized in the epithelium and absent in the stroma. An increased expression was found for cyclin D1 (p = 0.019), ki-67 (p = 0.005), vimentin (p = 0.003), survivin (p < 0.001), p63 (p = 0.003), and MMP7 (p = 0.002). CREB expression showed a significant correlation with cyclin D1 (ρ = 0.49; p = 0.035), ki-67 (ρ = 0.61; p = 0.007), and p53 (ρ = 0.57; p = 0.013) in pterygium. Conclusions: These results permit to hypothesize that CREB is involved in pterygium pathogenesis. Since various molecules have been discovered to inhibit CREB, these data could be of interest for pterygium treatment.
Investigating task difficulty: learners’ and teachers’ perceptions

This paper presents an investigation into learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of and criteria for task difficulty. Ten second language learners performed four oral narrative tasks and were retrospectively interviewed about which tasks they perceived as difficult, what factors affected this difficulty and how they identified and defined this task difficulty. Ten EFL/ESOL teachers were given the same tasks and asked to consider the difficulty of the tasks for their learners, and were invited to discuss the factors they believed contributed to this difficulty. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that, although there were some differences between the two groups’ perceptions of task difficulty, there was substantial similarity between them in terms of the criteria they considered in identifying and defining task difficulty. The findings of this study lend support to the tenets of a cognitive approach to task-based language learning, and demonstrate which aspects of two models of task difficulty reflect the teachers’ and learners’ perceptions and perspectives.
Women's Autonomy and Subjective Well-Being: How Gender Norms Shape the Impact of Self-Help Groups in Odisha, India

This paper presents impact estimates of women's self-help group (SHG) membership on subjective well-being in Odisha, India, using 2008 survey data in a quasi-experimental design. It finds that, while there is evidence of a positive impact of SHG membership on women's autonomy, on average, SHG membership does not affect subjective well-being. However, results also reveal that for members living in communities with relatively conservative gender norms among nonmembers, subjective well-being is notably lower. The authors interpret this finding as evidence that these SHG members feel a loss of identity – a problem that looms larger when women's enhanced autonomy implies a stronger violation of gender norms at the community level. In these communities, social-sanctioning mechanisms contribute to a negative impact of women's SHGs on subjective well-being, as evidenced by qualitative accounts of women's empowerment trajectories in the research area.
The impact of guard trace with open stub on time-domain waveform in high-speed digital circuits

Grounded guard traces are increasingly utilized to mitigate the crosstalk noise interference of the printed circuit board or package. This article discusses how the couple microstrip line inserted guard trace with stub affects the crosstalk noise. The guard trace with an open stub seriously degrades the performance of the coupled line with respect to signal integrity (SI) while far-end crosstalk noise will still occurs for stripline structure. Additionally, an analytical formula is proposed to approximate the extra crosstalk noise which is caused by guard trace stub.
Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Do Mothers’ and Fathers’ Reports Agree?

ABSTRACT This study investigates, for the first time, the concordance between mothers' and fathers' reports of cruelty to animals by their child. Seven hundred parental dyads recruited through schools in Chengdu, China, completed the Chinese version of the Children's Attitudes and Behaviors towards Animals scale. Mothers and fathers of boys reported more cruel behaviors towards animals on the part of their child than did mothers and fathers of girls. The correlations between mothers' and fathers' reports were significant, but moderate, but parents of boys' reports were more consistent than those of parents of girls. No gender-of-parent by gender-of-child effect was found, and fathers of boys reported significantly higher levels of total cruelty than did the boys' mothers. More studies are needed to assess childhood cruelty to animals in China, and to further examine the inter-parent agreement.
Relationships between Computer Self-Efficacy, Technology, Attitudes and Anxiety: Development of the Computer Technology Use Scale (CTUS)

Two studies are reported which describe the development and evaluation of a new instrument, the Computer Technology Use Scale (CTUS), comprising three domains: computer self-efficacy, attitudes to technology, and technology related anxiety. Study 1 describes the development of the instrument and explores its factor structure. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the stability of the factors identified and to examine relationships between computer self-efficacy, attitudes, and anxiety. There were 479 (Study 1) and 352 (Study 2) University—recruited subjects who volunteered for the project. The initial five factor solution of the CTUS scale was confirmed which include the following factors: computer efficacy, technology related anxiety, complexity, positive attitudes, and negative attitudes. Computer efficacy was positively related to positive attitudes and negatively related to other factors. The relationship between the factors is discussed.