Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toda Theories, Matrix Models, Topological Strings, and N=2 Gauge Systems

We consider the topological string partition function, including the Nekrasov deformation, for type IIB geometries with an A_{n-1} singularity over a Riemann surface. These models realize the N=2 SU(n) superconformal gauge systems recently studied by Gaiotto and collaborators. Employing large N dualities we show why the partition function of topological strings in these backgrounds is captured by the chiral blocks of A_{n-1} Toda systems and derive the dictionary recently proposed by Alday, Gaiotto and Tachikawa. For the case of genus zero Riemann surfaces, we show how these systems can also be realized by Penner-like matrix models with logarithmic potentials. The Seiberg-Witten curve can be understood as the spectral curve of these matrix models which arises holographically at large N. In this context the Nekrasov deformation maps to the beta-ensemble of generalized matrix models, that in turn maps to the Toda system with general background charge. We also point out the notion of a double holography for this system, when both n and N are large.
Gay men and the intentional pursuit of HIV

Hidden deep within the gay male underground lives a small population of gay men who imagined the intentional pursuit of HIV as a means to some end. In terms of nursing care for such marginalized pockets of gay men, most nurses are unaware of their existence or lack sufficient knowledge and compassion to care for this population. Bug chaser is a metaphor used to describe the gay men who intentionally sought the bug – HIV infection. Essential to caring for these men is first discovering them, and then understanding them. The purpose of this narrative study was to understand the life experiences of gay men who intentionally sought or seek to become infected with HIV. Using queer theory as its framework, the study was constructed from two research questions: 1) What are the life-stories of gay men who seek HIV infection? 2) How do these life-stories describe and give meaning to sexuality and HIV? In this qualitative study, 18 adult gay men were interviewed three times over a period of three months. Chain referral sampling wherein initial participants spread word of the study in their associate networks limited racial diversity; 15 men self-identified as African American, one as "other" (i.e., Italian and African American), one as Latino, and one as Caucasian. Their ages ranged from 33 years to 61 years (M=48). Most considered themselves Christians (n=13). Socioeconomically, 10 of the men lived in poverty. Sixteen were HIV positive; two were pursuing HIV. Most (n=16) secured health care through one of the Medicare or Medicaid products. Through semi-structured interviews and narrative analyses, their life stories portray who these men were and why they imagined HIV to be a fitting means to an end. Results illustrate that the intentional pursuit of HIV was well thought out and strategically planned, and aligned with lifetime struggles, for example, difficulty accepting one's gay identity. Narrative life patterns that culminated in purposeful pursuit of HIV included addictions, wanting to connect to an HIV positive lover, childhood abuses, secrets, punishment for wrongdoings, and, in one case, HIV as an imagined progression for gay men.
Improved Method of Enumeration of Attached Bacteria for Study of Fluctuation in the Abundance of Attached and Free-Living Bacteria in Response to Diel Variation in Seawater Turbidity

Sample preparation for enumerating attached bacteria in turbid seawater by epifluorescence microscopy was improved by treating samples with a surfactant (Tween 80) followed by sonication. With optimal treatment with Tween 80 (final concentration, 10 ppm [10 μg/ml]) and sonication, as many as 10 times more attached bacteria were enumerated from turbid seawater relative to the number enumerated from an untreated control. Dispersion of bacteria by sonication alone resulted in the enumeration of only 42 to 72% of the attached bacteria. By this technique, fluctuations in the number of attached and free-living bacteria were determined in water from Aransas Pass, Tex. , where surface sediments are resuspended on a regular basis by tidal currents. The abundance of attached bacteria increased in proportion to the seawater turbidity that resulted from sediment resuspension. The variation in abundance of free-living bacteria was not directly related to seawater turbidity. However, the magnitude of fluctuation in the abundance of free-living bacteria was related to the extent of turbidity variation during diurnal tides.
Aetiology and management of malnutrition in HIV-positive children

Worldwide, more than 3 million children are infected with HIV and, without treatment, mortality among these children is extremely high. Both acute and chronic malnutrition are major problems for HIV-positive children living in resource-limited settings. Malnutrition on a background of HIV represents a separate clinical entity, with unique medical and social aetiological factors. Children with HIV have a higher daily calorie requirement than HIV-negative peers and also a higher requirement for micronutrients; furthermore, coinfection and chronic diarrhoea due to HIV enteropathy play a major role in HIV-associated malnutrition. Contributory factors include late presentation to medical services, unavailability of antiretroviral therapy, other issues surrounding healthcare provision and food insecurity in HIV-positive households. Treatment protocols for malnutrition have been greatly improved, yet there remains a discrepancy in mortality between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children. In this review, the aetiology, prevention and treatment of malnutrition in HIV-positive children are examined, with particular focus on resource-limited settings where this problem is most prevalent.
Neural architecture for complex scene recognition based on rank-order features of IT neurons

Human brain is an information processing system, which is perfectly designed to deal with complex visual scenes. We propose a novel architecture for object and place recognition, taking inspiration from the primate ventral visual stream (areas V1-IT). The functionality of the system is based entirely on recent neurophysiological findings and is implemented by means of biologically plausible information processing mechanisms. We illustrate the ability of the system to recognise multiple objects within various positions in the retinal image. During the experiments, we show that the network can learn to recognise the position of object, in which it appears most frequently. Simulation results are consistent with the animal experiments. The above-mentioned properties of the network demonstrate classification and rank-object preserving properties of the neurons in the IT region.
Perceived preparedness to provide preventive counseling: reports of graduating primary care residents at academic health centers.

OBJECTIVE To assess the perceived preparedness of residents in adult primary care specialties to counsel patients about preventive care and psychosocial issues. DESIGN Cross-sectional national mail survey of residents (63% response rate). PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred twenty-eight final-year primary care residents in Internal Medicine (IM), family practice (FP), and Obstetrics/Gynecology (OB/GYN) at 162 U.S. academic health centers. MEASUREMENTS Residents self-rated preparedness to counsel patients about smoking, diet and exercise, substance abuse, domestic violence, and depression. RESULTS Residents felt better prepared to counsel about smoking (62%) and diet and exercise (53%) than about depression (37%), substance abuse (36%), or domestic violence (21%). In most areas, females felt better prepared than males. Rates of counseling preparedness varied significantly by specialty after adjustment for gender, race, medical school location, and percent of training spent in ambulatory settings. FP residents felt better prepared than OB/GYN residents to counsel about smoking, diet and exercise, and depression, while OB/GYN residents felt better prepared to address domestic violence than IM or FP residents. IM residents' perceptions of preparedness were between the other 2 specialties. Proportion of training spent in ambulatory settings was not associated with residents' perceived preparedness. CONCLUSIONS Physicians completing residencies in adult primary care did not feel very well prepared to counsel patients about preventive and psychosocial issues. Significant differences exist among specialties, even after adjusting for differences in time spent in ambulatory settings. Increasing residency time in ambulatory settings may not alone be sufficient to ensure that residents emerge with adequate counseling skills.
An analysis of the efficacy of extinction as an intervention in the modification of switching in patients with Dissociation Identity Disorder

ly, with some alters capable of adult-level reasoning and other alters being profoundly concrete (Putnam et al., 1986). Past information or the ability to learn new information may differ vastly from alter to alter. The DID may be suddenly reinterpreting something that had been work through at an earlier time in therapy. 9) Psycho-physiological sensitivities: The most commonly reported differences between alters that may be a sign of switching is the experience of somatic symptoms varying across alters. The patient may appear incapacitated by a symptom initially (e.g., migraines, allergies, bodily aches) and suddenly these symptoms will vanish (Putnam, 1989, p. 118-123). Switching Precursors. The behavioral precursors were operationally and individually defined for each Participant based on the Putnam criteria (1989). Prior to switching, Participant 1 exhibited a change in the following facial features: her eyes become glassy, stares were unblinking, and mouth turned down. The voice and speech change during switching involved increased volume, a higher, more strident pitch, and an increased rate of speech. Affect changed from appropriate to inappropriate, hysterical laughter. Behavioral precursors of Participant 2 included the following facial feature changes: tightening of facial muscles, clenching of the jaw, narrowing of eyes, and blinking to emphasize certain words. Body posture changes included more rigidity with
Deep Learning Relevance: Creating Relevant Information (as Opposed to Retrieving it)

What if Information Retrieval (IR) systems did not just retrieve relevant information that is stored in their indices, but could also "understand" it and synthesise it into a single document? We present a preliminary study that makes a first step towards answering this question. Given a query, we train a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) on existing relevant information to that query. We then use the RNN to "deep learn" a single, synthetic, and we assume, relevant document for that query. We design a crowdsourcing experiment to assess how relevant the "deep learned" document is, compared to existing relevant documents. Users are shown a query and four wordclouds (of three existing relevant documents and our deep learned synthetic document). The synthetic document is ranked on average most relevant of all.
Modeling methane emissions from arctic lakes: Model development and site‐level study

To date, methane emissions from lakes in the pan‐arctic region are poorly quantified. In order to investigate the response of methane emissions from this region to global warming, a process‐based climate‐sensitive lake biogeochemical model was developed. The processes of methane production, oxidation, and transport were modeled within a one‐dimensional sediment and water column. The sizes of 14C‐enriched and 14C‐depleted carbon pools were explicitly parameterized. The model was validated using observational data from five lakes located in Siberia and Alaska, representing a large variety of environmental conditions in the arctic. The model simulations agreed well with the measured water temperature and dissolved CH4 concentration (mean error less than 1°C and 0.2 μM, respectively). The modeled CH4 fluxes were consistent with observations in these lakes. We found that bubbling‐rate‐controlling nitrogen (N2) stripping was the most important factor in determining CH4 fraction in bubbles. Lake depth and ice cover thickness in shallow waters were also controlling factors. This study demonstrated that the thawing of Pleistocene‐aged organic‐rich yedoma can fuel sediment methanogenesis by supplying a large quantity of labile organic carbon. Observations and modeling results both confirmed that methane emission rate at thermokarst margins of yedoma lakes was much larger (up to 538 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) than that at nonthermokarst zones in the same lakes and a nonyedoma, nonthermokarst lake (less than 42 mg CH4 m−2 d−1). The seasonal variability of methane emissions can be explained primarily by energy input and organic carbon availability.
Anterior-Posterior Instability of the Knee Following ACL Reconstruction with Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Ligament in Comparison with Four-Strand Hamstrings Autograft

Purpose. To evaluate anterior-posterior knee laxity using two different autografts. Material-Methods. 40 patients, (34 males and 6 women), 17–54 years old (mean: 31), were included in the present study. Group A (4SHS = 20) underwent reconstruction using four-strand hamstrings, and group B (BPBT = 20) underwent reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. Using the KT-1000 arthrometer, knee instability was calculated in both knees of all patients preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery at the ACL-operated knee. The contralateral healthy knee was used as an internal control group. Results. Anterior-posterior instability using the KT1000 Arthrometer was found to be increased after ACL insufficiency. The recorded laxity improved after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction in both groups. However, statistically significant greater values were detected in the bone-patellar tendon-bone group, which revealed reduction of anteroposterior stability values to an extent, where no statistical significance with the normal values even after 3 months after surgery was observed. Conclusions. Anterior-Posterior instability of the knee improved significantly after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. The bone-patellar tendon-bone graft provided an obvious greater stability.
UK Grid Simulation with OptorSim

As the computational and data handling requirements of large scientific collaborations grow, Grid computing is rapidly emerging as a feasible solution to these requirements. Optimising the use of Grid resources is crucial, and to evaluate potential optimisation strategies it is important to simulate them as realistically as possible before they are used on real Grids. We have developed the Grid simulator OptorSim and used it to test several optimisation strategies using a set of performance metrics. In this paper we consider the effects of several scheduling and replica optimisation strategies and base our simulation environment on the UK Grid for Particle Physics (GridPP).
Mind the gap: large-scale frequent sequence mining

Frequent sequence mining is one of the fundamental building blocks in data mining. While the problem has been extensively studied, few of the available techniques are sufficiently scalable to handle datasets with billions of sequences; such large-scale datasets arise, for instance, in text mining and session analysis. In this paper, we propose MG-FSM, a scalable algorithm for frequent sequence mining on MapReduce. MG-FSM can handle so-called "gap constraints", which can be used to limit the output to a controlled set of frequent sequences. At its heart, MG-FSM partitions the input database in a way that allows us to mine each partition independently using any existing frequent sequence mining algorithm. We introduce the notion of w-equivalency, which is a generalization of the notion of a "projected database" used by many frequent pattern mining algorithms. We also present a number of optimization techniques that minimize partition size, and therefore computational and communication costs, while still maintaining correctness. Our experimental study in the context of text mining suggests that MG-FSM is significantly more efficient and scalable than alternative approaches.
Minor Physical Anomalies in Schizophrenia

Using the Waldrop scale, minor physical anomalies were studied in 82 Caucasian subjects, including 41 schizophrenic and 8 bipolar adults, as well as 14 normal and 19 mentally retarded adults. An increased incidence of minor physical anomalies was found in the mentally retarded adults relative to the other groups. Consistent with previous studies, there was a trend for the total mean Waldrop score of the schizophrenic group to be higher than the mean score of the normal group. Minor physical anomalies (assessed by the Waldrop scale), however, appear to be of questionable utility in identifying “congenital” schizophrenia, at least as this putative subgroup of schizophrenia is currently conceptualized.
Improving preparedness of medical students and junior doctors to manage patients with diabetes

Objective New medical graduates are the front-line staff in many hospital settings and manage patients with diabetes frequently. Prescribing is an area of concern for junior doctors, however, with insulin prescribing reported as a particular weakness. This study aimed to produce an educational intervention which aimed to improve preparedness to manage patients with diabetes and evaluate it using a mixed methods approach. Research design and methods An e-resource (http://www.diabetesscenariosforjuniordoctors.co.uk) was created to contain commonplace and authentic diabetes decision-making scenarios. –32 junior doctors (n=20) and year 5 students (n=12) in South West England worked through the scenarios while ‘thinking aloud’ and then undertook a semistructured interview. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Participant confidence to manage patients with diabetes before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after the educational intervention was also measured using a self-rating scale. Results Participants reported that patients with diabetes were daunting to manage because of the wide array of insulin products, their lack of confidence with chronic disease management and the difficulty of applying theory to practice. The e-resource was described as authentic, practical, and appropriate for the target audience. Junior doctors’ self-rated confidence to manage patients with diabetes increased from 4.7 (of 10) before using the e-resource, to 6.4 immediately afterwards, and 6.8 6 weeks later. Medical students’ confidence increased from 5.1 before, to 6.4 immediately afterwards, and 6.4 6 weeks later. Conclusions Providing opportunities to work with authentic scenarios in a safe environment can help to ameliorate junior doctors’ lack of confidence to manage patients with diabetes.
Relationship of quantitative salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus in mothers to caries status and colonization of mutans streptococci in plaque in their 2.5-year-old children.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of quantitative salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus in mothers with the colonization of mutans streptococci (MS) in plaque and caries status in their 2.5-year-old children. Furthermore, the dynamics of caries status in the children was evaluated in a 2-year follow-up survey. METHODS After oral examination of 54 mother-and-child pairs, the saliva samples from the mothers and the plaque samples from the children were collected. The levels (log DNA copies/ml saliva) of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, while MS in the plaque samples were detected using a cultivation method. In addition, 50 of the 54 children participated in a 2-year follow-up survey of caries prevalence. RESULTS In the 2.5-year-old children, the percentage of dft-positive subjects and mean number of dft were significantly higher in the MS(+) group when compared with the MS(-) group. Findings from the 2-year follow-up survey indicated that MS(+) subjects had a persistently higher mean number of dft at 4.5 years. The 2.5-year-old children were divided into three groups based on the quantitative levels of salivary S. mutans and S. sobrinus in their mothers: those whose mothers had low levels of S. mutans (<4 log DNA copies/ml) and S. sobrinus (<2) (group 1); those whose mothers had a high level of S. mutans (> or = 4) and low level of S. sobrinus (<2) (group 2); and those whose mothers had high levels of both (> or = 4 and > or = 2, respectively) (group 3). Among the three groups, the percentages of MS(+) and dft-positive children were highest in group 3 and lowest in group 1. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that grouping the mothers based on salivary level of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was an efficient means to predict both MS colonization (OR = 2.96) and prevalence of dental caries (OR = 9.39) in children at 2.5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS In the 54 mother-and-child pairs tested, the maternal salivary levels of S. mutans and S. sobrinus determined by real-time PCR were significantly related to MS colonization in plaque as well as dental caries in their children at 2.5 years of age. Thus, determination of maternal levels of both organisms using the present cut-off values is proposed as an efficient method to indicate the risks of maternal transmission of MS and childhood dental caries.
L-Arginine Attenuates Hypertension in Pregnant Rats With Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure

Abstract—A chronic reduction in uterine perfusion pressure in the pregnant rat is associated with significant elevations in mean arterial pressure, proteinuria, and reductions in kidney function as is chronic nitric oxide blockade, suggesting that nitric oxide deficiency may contribute to the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplementation with l-arginine, the precursor for nitric oxide, attenuates the hypertension produced in response to a chronic reduction in uterine perfusion pressure in the pregnant rat. Reduced uterine perfusion was initiated at day 14 of gestation with arterial pressure determined at day 19 of gestation in conscious, chronically instrumented rats. Arterial pressure was significantly elevated in pregnant rats with chronic reductions in uterine perfusion as compared with pregnant control rats (132±2 versus 109±2 mm Hg, P <0.01, respectively). Treatment with l-arginine (2%) in the drinking water was initiated at day 10 of gestation. l-arginine supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in arterial pressure in both pregnant rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (113±2 mm Hg treated, P <0.01 versus untreated pregnant with reduced uterine perfusion pressure) and pregnant control (97±3 mm Hg treated, P <0.01 versus untreated pregnant) rats. However, supplementation with l-arginine decreased blood pressure by 19 mm Hg in pregnant with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (untreated versus treated) as compared with 12 mm Hg in pregnant (untreated versus treated) rats. Thus, these results suggest that l-arginine supplementation may be beneficial in attenuating the hypertension in preeclampsia.