Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus Muscles from Purebred Pigs and Three-way Crossbred LYD Pigs

This study was conducted to find pork quality to meet the needs of consumers. Thus, the meat quality and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscles from purebred pigs (Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc) and three-way crossbred LYD pigs were compared and evaluated. Chemical compositions of longissimus muscles were significant (p<0.05) different among pigs. Duroc contained significant (p<0.05) higher fat contents than other pigs, whereas significant (p<0.05) higher moisture contents were observed in Landrace, Yorkshire, and LYD pigs compared to those of Duroc pigs. The values of pH24 h and pH14 d were the highest in Landrace pigs. Myoglobin contents of LYD pigs were higher (p<0.05) than those of purebred pigs. Regarding meat color, Duroc and Yorkshire pigs had higher redness values than Landrace and LYD pigs, while Landrace pigs had the lowest (p<0.05) color values among all pigs. There was no significant difference in shear force or water holding capacity (WHC). Duroc pigs maintained the lowest drip loss during 14 d of cold storage. In sensory evaluation, the marbling scores of Duroc pigs were higher (p<0.05) than other pigs. Regarding fatty acid compositions, total USFA, poly-, n-3, and n-6 contents were the highest (p<0.05) in LYD pigs, while total SFA contents were the highest (p<0.05) in Duroc pigs. Based on these results, purebred pigs had superior overall meat quality to crossbred pigs.
Transferring More than Learned in Training: Employees' and Managers' (Over)Generalization of Skills

Across two studies, we examine the extent to which individuals accurately report their learning and transfer in a training context. In Study 1, we examine self (subordinate) and supervisory estimations of training transfer, 612 weeks after employees (subordinates) attended training in an organization in the United States. Using ratings of skills unrelated to training programs attended, we compared managers' and employees' ratings to determine the extent to which respondents report skill overgeneralization. Individual differences and skill visibility were examined as predictors of training transfer overgeneralization. Subordinates, particularly those high on conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability, are more likely to report transfer in areas not covered in training. Conversely, when managers rate skills, which are used in their subordinates' day-to-day activities (more observable, visible, or transparent skills), training transfer estimates are more accurate. In Study 2, we determine that conscientiousness is the main factor driving raters' overgeneralization (for self-ratings), and we further demonstrate that other personality dimensions insecurity and perfectionism accentuate the influence of conscientiousness on trainees' overgeneralization. From a practical standpoint, employers need to be aware of potential for biases in training transfer ratings when evaluating training transfer, particularly for employees with specific personality characteristics and for those who are in jobs with low skill visibility.
Phonological processes in Dutch language impaired children

Process analyses were made of the spontaneous speech of 15 Dutch language impaired children. The processes that were applied by these children are presented as a rank order of their frequency of occurrence in 24 samples of these children. This rank order was compared to a rank order of processes occurring in the speech of 32 Swedish phonologically impaired children as well as to English data. Some processes were applied equally often in the three languages (e.g. Cluster reduction, Pretonic syllable deletion, Devoicing). Since these are processes that are often mentioned in the literature it is suggested that there is a universal aspect to them. Other processes (e.g. Gliding, Stopping. Velarisation) differ in their frequency of occurrence. Sometimes this could be explained by the specific language the children were acquiring, thereby suggesting that there is influence of the phonological characteristics of the ambient language on the speech of the children.
An Information-Processing Approach to Personal Problem Solving

An information-processing view of personal problem solving is presented, involving the way people take in information, process that information into plans for solutions to personal problems and carry out those plans. An abbreviated view of how we view the effect of some important individual differences is presented. We present a definition of problem, which we see as allowing research that can use methods analogous to those employed in research informal problem solving and in the study of 'experts. ' We hope that such research will allow us to target interventions according to particular client weaknesses. We suggest some research directions that have promise of future pay off. Suggestions for counseling are made that derive from our experience in counseling college students.
Psychophysiology in psychiatry: new perspectives in the study of mental disorders.

The activity of the WPA Section on Psychophysiology is aimed to favour the development and dissemination of psychophysiological techniques in the study of the neurobiological bases of mental disorders, and to promote the collaboration among different groups actively involved in this research field. A renewed attention to psychophysiological methods in psychiatric research has been brought about by recent theories proposing that psychopathological phenomena do not result from a dysfunction of one or more brain regions, but from the failure to integrate the activity of different areas involved in cognitive processes (1). In this perspective, neurobiological research should tap the dynamics of complex interactions over time among cerebral regions involved in the poorly integrated cognitive processes. The pursuit of this goal requires the use of techniques with high sensitivity to the smoothest deviation in complex and integrated processes that last fractions of seconds. Techniques with these characteristics might also contribute to our understanding of the effects of psychotropic drugs on the central nervous system: it is increasingly acknowledged, in fact, that psychotropic drugs act by modifying the connectivity within largely distributed corticosubcortical neural circuits. Thus, brain imaging studies on receptor occupancy or modifications of cerebral blood flow or metabolism should be complemented by psychophysiological indices of integrated brain processes. This brief report will illustrate some recent developments in psychophysiological research, to which some members of the Section have significantly contributed, that might help integrating time and space information to improve our understanding of psychopathological processes and psychotropic drug action. Due to space limitation, we will concentrate on findings concerning schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs.
Ajustamento conjugal: Características psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Dyadic Adjustment Scale

A Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976) e considerada uma das melhores medidas de avaliacao da qualidade da relacao conjugal. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento psicometrico da versao portuguesa da DAS. A amostra incluiu um total de 207 participantes (103 mulheres e 104 homens) casados ou a viver maritalmente com o companheiro/a ha pelo menos seis meses. Os resultados de analises factoriais confirmatorias revelaram um bom ajustamento da estrutura multidimensional originalmente proposta. O alfa para a escala global de 32 itens foi . 897, e variou entre . 655 e . 849 para as quatro sub-escalas. Os restantes dados (incluindo sobre a fidelidade teste-reteste e associacao das notas com varias variaveis) indicaram tambem que a versao portuguesa da DAS apresenta caracteristicas psicometricas equivalentes as da versao original. Adicionalmente, os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a sub-escala de Satisfacao (10 itens) pode ser usada como uma versao curta da DAS quando o objectivo for avaliar o ajustamento conjugal em termos globais.
Safety of hydroxyurea in the treatment of HIV infection

Lifelong adherence to very complex anti-HIV therapy presents drawbacks such as drug resistance and chronic drug-related toxicity, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic options. As it is becoming increasingly evident that immune activation may be responsible for immune pathology, novel approaches to limit immune activation are under investigation. Hydroxyurea is the prototype of a new family of anti-HIV drugs called virostatics, acting both as an antiviral (directly suppressing HIV) and cytostatic (preventing immune system overactivation). Data from in vitro and clinical studies have proven that hydroxyurea-based regimens are effective options for patients with HIV. However, concerns over hydroxyurea toxicity have limited its use. This review critically examines the role of hydroxyurea for HIV-infected patients, focusing on past and recent clinical trials including the RIGHT 702 study, which identified the safest and most efficacious hydroxyurea dose.
Psychometric properties of Persian version of the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ)

Background: Outstanding leadership is one of the important and vital concepts in management and educational leadership debates especially in educational organizations such as universities. Thus, effective educational leadership and adopting an appropriate tool to assess leadership in education are crucial in these institutions. The present study was conducted to develop an instrument for measuring the leadership style in faculty members. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, content and face validity of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was examined using the opinions of 10 experienced faculty members as a panel of experts. For construct validity, 210 questionnaires were administered to faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Confirmatory factor analysis was run using principal component analysis and Varimax rotation method. The reliability of the scale was measured through internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha formula. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 and LISREL software. Results: Factor analysis and expert opinion resulted in a questionnaire with 18 items across six subscales including idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, contingent reward, and management by exception. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was acceptable (0.90). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had appropriate goodness of fit. Conclusion: The 18-item Educational Leadership Questionnaire was found to have acceptable validity and reliability for measuring leadership style in the faculty. It is recommended that the questionnaire be administered to a larger sample.
Multiobjective Deep Belief Networks Ensemble for Remaining Useful Life Estimation in Prognostics

In numerous industrial applications where safety, efficiency, and reliability are among primary concerns, condition-based maintenance (CBM) is often the most effective and reliable maintenance policy. Prognostics, as one of the key enablers of CBM, involves the core task of estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of the system. Neural networks-based approaches have produced promising results on RUL estimation, although their performances are influenced by handcrafted features and manually specified parameters. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective deep belief networks ensemble (MODBNE) method. MODBNE employs a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm integrated with the traditional DBN training technique to evolve multiple DBNs simultaneously subject to accuracy and diversity as two conflicting objectives. The eventually evolved DBNs are combined to establish an ensemble model used for RUL estimation, where combination weights are optimized via a single-objective differential evolution algorithm using a task-oriented objective function. We evaluate the proposed method on several prognostic benchmarking data sets and also compare it with some existing approaches. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.
Working Memory and Number Sense as Predictors of Mathematical (Dis-)Ability

Recent research has pointed to two possible causes of mathematical (dis-)ability: working memory and number sense, although only few studies have compared the relations between working memory and mathematics and between number sense and mathematics. In this study, both constructs were studied in relation to mathematics in general, and to mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in particular. The sample consisted of 154 children aged between 6 and 10 years, including 26 children with MLD. Children performing low on either number sense or visual-spatial working memory scored lower on math tests than children without such a weakness. Children with a double weakness scored the lowest. These results confirm the important role of both visual-spatial working memory and number sense in mathematical development.
Nocturnal oxygen desaturation correlates with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease.

STUDY OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, and may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD) due to SDB and the Gensini score, which is given to define the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, based on coronary angiograms findings, in patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN We examined the NOD index (ODI) (desaturation of > 3%/events per hour) using pulse oximetry in 59 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (ejection fraction, > 40%) that was diagnosed by coronary angiography, 30 patients with angina pectoris and 29 patients with old myocardial infarction. The Gensini score was calculated for each patient from the coronary arteriogram. The patients were classified into the following three groups according to the severity of oxygen desaturation: ODI of < 5 events per hour (group N; 16 patients); ODI of > or = 5 but < 15 events per hour (group A; 27 patients); and ODI of > or = 15 events per hour (group B; 16 patients). The groups then were examined for the relation between the ODI and the Gensini score. RESULTS Of the total number of patients, 72.9% had a nocturnal ODI of more than five events per hour. The Gensini score was significantly higher in groups A and B than in group N, and showed a significant positive correlation with the ODI (R = 0.45; p = 0.01) in all patients. Multiple regression analysis showed that the ODI was the most significant, independent determinant of the Gensini score among the coronary risk factors tested, and that it explained 13.4% of the variance. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that NOD due to SDB may be an important contributor to coronary atherosclerosis in the patients with cardiovascular disease.
Women and Drug Policy: Implications of Normalization

This article discusses some of the adverse effects that the U. S. punitive drug policy has on women in the form of gender-biased or inaccessible treatment programs, the prosecution of pregnant drug users, and the rising population of female prisoners. It contrasts the U.S. policy with the Dutch normalization policy, showing that normalization is a more humane and pragmatic alternative to this country's punitive and moralistic approach.
Jointly Navigating the Reclamation of the ‘‘Woman I Used to Be’’: Negotiating Concerns About the Postpartum Body Within the Marital Dyad

This interpretive study explored the marital dyad as a context for the negotiation of concerns relative to the postpartum body, and in particular, the reconfiguration of this body so as to more closely approximate the pre-pregnant body/self. The research was guided by symbolic interactionism and the work of Erving Goffman. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with 14 married couples expecting their first child. Analyses revealed that wives and husbands negotiated meanings relative to recapturing, redefining, and reclaiming wives’ bodies after childbirth in a way that suggested a repertoire of possible selves, including the Woman I/My Wife Used to Be (before pregnancy), the Woman I Fear I/My Wife Could Become (i.e., a woman who cannot get her old shape back), and the Women I/My Wife Hope(s) to Become (i.e., a woman who can get her old shape back) (cf. Guy & Banim, 2000). Within this general system of meanings, three overarching themes emerged: (a) aspirations for the postpartum body, (b) the navigation of concerns relative to the appearance of the postpartum body, and (c) reclamation projects planned and/or undertaken by wives. In varied ways, interactions within the marital dyad shaped the wives’ efforts to navigate their concerns about the postpartum body and to plan or undertake bodily reclamation projects. Generally speaking, husband-wife interactions were described by wives as a source of reassurance in the journey back to The Women They Used to Be. Findings provide support for interactionist proposition that the people come to understand the body through others’ eyes.
Self-determination theory and hedonic well-being in a cross-cultural perspective

by John M. Gruenewald, Ph.D. Washington State University August 2009 Chair: Tina M. Anctil In the present study, I examined the relationships among three important constructs: self-determination, hedonic well-being, and cultural values. My study explored Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) and its hypothesis that humans have the universal and innate psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Specifically, I examined the following concepts: (a) the current complete measure of SDT‘s needs and its construct validity; (b) cultural group differences between Japanese, Japanese American, and European American college students in SDT needs, hedonic well-being, and Asian values; (c) the ability of cultural value adherence to moderate the relationship between SDT needs and life satisfaction; and (d) cultural group differences in the ability of SDT need to predict life satisfaction. Japanese college students (n = 329), Japanese American college students (n = 49), and European American college students (n = 126) completed measures of SDT needs, hedonic well-being and Asian values. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that distinct SDT needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence cannot be specifically identified by the Basic Psychological Needs – General measure (Deci et al., 2001). Rather, this measure can only distinctly measure self-met and relationally-met needs.
Physiological effects beyond the significant gain in muscle mass in sarcopenic elderly men: evidence from a randomized clinical trial using a protein-rich food

Background Sarcopenia is strongly associated with an inadequate intake of dietary protein. Dietary protein supplementation boosts muscle-protein synthesis and increases muscle mass in the elderly. This study tested whether adding a protein-rich food, ricotta cheese, to the habitual diet increased total appendicular skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly people. Methods Participants (n = 40), were sarcopenic elderly men and women over 60 years of age. Two comparison groups were formed at random and followed for 3 months: the intervention group received 210 g/day of ricotta cheese plus the habitual diet, while the control group followed the habitual diet with no additional intervention. Total appendicular skeletal muscle (TASM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer at baseline and after the intervention period. The primary outcomes were the percentage of relative change in TASM and strength. Results The percentage of relative change in TASM was not significant between the groups after the intervention period. Muscle strength improved in the intervention group, but showed only a tendency towards significance (P = 0.06). Secondary analysis showed that the men in the intervention group gained 270 g in TASM compared to those in the control group, and improved their fasting insulin levels (P = 0.05), muscle strength, lean body mass in the arms, and body weight variables. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that a nutritional intervention using a high-quality protein food, specifically ricotta cheese, in order to increase the amount of protein intake might not be regarded as fully promising in elderly men and women with sarcopenia. However, the gender effects on muscle strength, lean tissue in the arms, homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance, and body weight detected in this study suggest that additional research is needed on elderly male subjects with sarcopenia.
Effects of distraction using virtual reality glasses during lumbar punctures in adolescents with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses on adolescents with cancer undergoing lumbar punctures (LPs). DESIGN Pilot study using an experimental, control group design. SETTING In-hospital oncology clinic. SAMPLE 30 adolescents with cancer (17 in the VR and 13 in the control group) undergoing frequent LPs. METHODS Subjects were randomly assigned to groups. Both groups received standard intervention during the LP, but the experimental group also wore VR glasses and watched a video. Following the LP, both groups rated their pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) and were interviewed to evaluate their experience. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Pain, subjective evaluation of experience. FINDINGS Although VAS pain scores were not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.77), VAS scores tended to be lower in the VR group (median VAS of 7.0, range 0-48) than in the control group (median VAS of 9.0, range 0-59). 77% of subjects in the experimental group said the VR glasses helped to distract them from the LP. CONCLUSIONS VR glasses are a feasible, age-appropriate, nonpharmacologic adjunct to conventional care in managing the pain associated with LPs in adolescents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The clinical application of various age-appropriate distracters to reduce pain in adolescents undergoing painful procedures should be explored.
Smooth Muscle–Targeted Knockout of Connexin43 Enhances Neointimal Formation in Response to Vascular Injury

Objective—Vascular disease alters and reduces connexin expression and a reduction in connexin 43 (Cx43) expression diminishes the extent of atherosclerosis observed in a high-cholesterol diet murine model. We hypothesized that connexins might play a role in the smooth muscle cell response to vascular injury. Methods and Results—We therefore studied a line of smooth muscle cell-specific, Cx43 gene knockout mice (SM Cx43 KO) in which the carotid arteries were injured, either by vascular occlusion or by a wire injury. In the SM Cx43 KO mice both types of injury manifested accelerated growth of the neointima and of the adventitia. Isolated vascular smooth muscle cells from the SM Cx43 KO mice grew at a slightly faster rate in culture, and to marginally higher saturation densities than those of control mice, but these changes were not adequate to explain the large changes in the injured vessels. Conclusions—These observations provide direct evidence that smooth muscle Cx43 gap junctions play a multi-faceted role in modulating the in vivo growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells to vascular injury.