Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-based prevention using simple, low-cost, evidence-based kernels and behavior vaccines

A paradox exists in community prevention of violence and drugs. Good research now exists on evidence-based programs, yet extensive expenditures on prevention have not produced community-level results. Various multiproblems are quite prevalent in the United States, such as violence, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), conduct problems, learning disabilities, depression, and other mood problems. Various studies have observed that intuitively appealing community-based coalitions and best practice requirements have not produced prevention gains as hoped for by many. Calls for more money, fidelity, or dose seem unlikely to succeed. Other alternatives may be possible. Most of the best practices aimed at preventing these community problems are composed of evidence-based kernels, which act on core principles of prevention (risk and protective factors). What is not widely known is that the evidence-based kernels are powerful in their own right. Evidence-based kernels are irreducible units of behavior-change technology, and they can be put together into behavioral vaccines (daily practices) with powerful longitudinal prevention results. Kernels and behavioral vaccines are simple, and they are not programs or curriculum in the conventional sense. This article presents examples of evidence-based kernels and behavioral vaccines that can be promoted easily across whole communities or states using social marketing principles. Widespread propagation of evidence-based kernels and behavioral vaccines could have a significant impact on communities and their prevention norms, providing low-cost alternatives and practical models for community psychology, public health, and policy makers. Behavioral kernels and vaccines can add needed precision to prevention science and community psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 575–591, 2004.
The Effectiveness of Positive Thinking Skills on Academic Procrastination of High School Female Students Kermanshah City

Introduction Positive psychology interventions with focus on strengths of individual, is one of the new approaches in helping people due to develop their ability and emits . the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive thinking skills on academic procrastination of high school female students. Methods Research type was semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. Population was all female high school students in 3 section education organization Kermanshah city, 2014-2015. The research sample included 120 female from 22 Bahman high school students who were selected through multistage random cluster sampling method and then based on entrance and existence criteria assigned into two groups (experimental and control) randomly. The instruments used were academic procrastination Scale (validity = 0.65 & reliability = 0.83). The positive thinking skills intervention included 8 sessions, each 90 minutes, twice in week for experimental group. Because of effectiveness these interventions sessions were applied for control groups after posttest. Data analyzed with analysis of covariance using spss-21. Results The results showed that positive thinking skills is effective on academic procrastination of high school female students (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Regarding the divergences between two groups' positive skills training scan be effective in reducing procrastination. Findings indicated the necessity of applying positive thinking program training in schools due to reducing academic procrastination and increasing success and progress of their academic performance in students.
Recovering Transparent Shape from Time-of-Flight Distortion

This paper presents a method for recovering shape and normal of a transparent object from a single viewpoint using a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. Our method is built upon the fact that the speed of light varies with the refractive index of the medium and therefore the depth measurement of a transparent object with a ToF camera may be distorted. We show that, from this ToF distortion, the refractive light path can be uniquely determined by estimating a single parameter. We estimate this parameter by introducing a surface normal consistency between the one determined by a light path candidate and the other computed from the corresponding shape. The proposed method is evaluated by both simulation and real-world experiments and shows faithful transparent shape recovery.
Reinforcement learning in repeated portfolio decisions

How do people make investment decisions when they receive outcome feedback? We examined how well the standard mean-variance model and two reinforcement models predict people's portfolio decisions. The basic reinforcement model predicts a learning process that relies solely on the portfolio's overall return, whereas the proposed extended reinforcement model also takes the risk and covariance of the investments into account. The experimental results illustrate that people reacted sensitively to different correlation structures of the investment alternatives, which was best predicted by the extended reinforcement model. The results illustrate that simple reinforcement learning is sufficient to detect correlation between investments.
Toward an Update of a Similarity Measurement for a Better Calculation of the Semantic Distance between Ontology Concepts

Computational models of semantic similarity can be found in many applications, with the aim to give th is additional knowledge to reason about their data. Th e choice of a similarity measure is very crucial for a successful implementation of reasoning. In this wor k, we present an update of similarity calculation presented by Wu and Palmer which is considered the fastest in terms of generation time of similarity. The results show that the measure provides produced a marked improvement in the relevance of the values produced for the two concepts similarity in ontolog y.
Arbitrage with Fractional Brownian Motion

Fractional Brownian motion has been suggested as a model for the movement of log share prices which would allow long–range dependence between returns on different days. While this is true, it also allows arbitrage opportunities, which we demonstrate both indirectly and by constructing such an arbitrage. Nonetheless, it is possible by looking at a process similar to the fractional Brownian motion to model long–range dependence of returns while avoiding arbitrage.
A Scientific Workflow Approach to Distributed Geospatial Data Processing using Web Services

Geospatial analyses of distributed data from surveys and sensors are often stored and managed in diverse regional, national and global repositories. The nature of scientific processes requires composition of these resources in a meaningful order to solve a specific geoscience problem. These tasks can be viewed as scientific workflows. Web based interfaces allow access to remote data and tools, and enable running computational experiments using different online resources. However, it requires manual processing to combine multiple resources in pipelines and scientists still need IT experts to automate their large-scale scientific workflows. The challenging problem is how to enable the scientists to harvest online data and models for designing and executing experiments in a seamless manner. A solution becomes feasible by the introduction of Web Services in a variety of scientific domains. These services can be discovered and composed through generic visual interfaces and scientific workflow tools. For this purpose, we present a complete framework for registering, discovering, composing and executing Web Services to support online science.
Influencing Children's Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation of Reading and Writing Through Modeling

According to Bandura's social cognitive theory, self-efficacy and self-regulation are key processes that affect students' learning and achievement. This article discusses students' reading and writing performances using Zimmerman's four-phase social cognitive model of the development of self-regulatory competence. Modeling is an effective means of building self-regulatory and academic skills and of raising self-efficacy. Reading and writing research is discussed in which modeling was employed to enhance self-efficacy, skills, and self-regulation across multiple phases of Zimmerman's model. The article concludes by suggesting instructional applications based on social cognitive theory and research findings.
University of Birmingham When Teammates Are Viewed as Rivals: A Cross-National Investigation of Achievement Goals and Intrateam Moral Behavior

This research aimed to (a) determine whether mastery and intrateam performance achievement goals predicted prosocial and antisocial teammate behavior, (b) explore whether effects of intrateam performance goals were mediated by moral disengagement, and (c) examine whether any effects (Study 2 only) were moderated by cohesion. In Study 1, team athletes ( N = 282) from Australia completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modeling indicated that prosocial teammate behavior was positively predicted by mastery-approach goals, and negatively predicted by mastery-and intrateam performance-avoidance goals, whereas antisocial teammate behavior was positively predicted by intrateam performance-approach and -avoidance goals; these latter effects were mediated by moral disengagement. In Study 2, team athletes ( N = 452) from the United Kingdom completed a measure of cohesion in addition to the Study 1 instruments; the analyses largely confirmed the Study 1 findings. However, the undesirable effect of mastery-avoidance goals on prosocial behavior seen in Study 1 was only apparent in Study 2 when individuals held strong perceptions of team cohesion. In sum, this investigation makes a novel contribution to the literature on team functioning in sport, being the first to explore how athletes’ normative goals relative to their teammates might shape effective interaction processes.
Decentralized control of parallel rigid formations with direction constraints and bearing measurements

In this paper we analyze the relationship between scalability, minimality and rigidity, and its application to cooperative control. As a case study, we address the problem of multi-agent formation control by proposing a distributed control strategy that stabilizes a formation described with bearing (direction) constraints, and that only requires bearing measurements and parallel rigidity of the interaction graph. We also consider the possibility of having different graphs modeling the interaction network in order to explicitly take into account the conceptual difference between sensing, communication, control, and parameters stored in the network. We then show how the information can be ‘moved’ from a graph to another making use of decentralized estimation, provided the parallel rigidity property. Finally we present simulative examples in order to show the validity of the theoretical analysis in some illustrative cases.
“This Is How You Hetero:” Sexual Minorities in Heteronormative Sex Education

ABSTRACT The efficacy of sex education has been questioned, as students participate in high rates of unsafe sex after completion. Without exploring various sexual minority (SM) identities (e.g., gay, lesbian, and bisexual) and forms of sex, sex education may be especially unhelpful for SMs by perpetuating the heteronormative (i.e., assuming heterosexuality is normal) environment they typically experience. In the present qualitative study, semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 SMs regarding their experiences with sex education using a grounded theory approach. Participants described sex education as being heteronormative and exclusive of their identities, making them feel invisible, sexually unprepared, and shameful. Sex education also reportedly contributed to sexual hesitance, sexual violence, and risky sexual behaviors. Participants endorsed histories of depression, anxiety, and suicidality, often associated with their identity. To become more informed and sexually prepared, they sought information through conversations with others, online searching, college courses, and trial and error sexual experiences. Participants also advocated for inclusive sex education, which would incorporate all identities and associated safe sex practices. They concluded that inclusivity in curricula could lead to various improved outcomes for SMs, such as safe sex, a sense of community, identity confidence, healthy relationships, and resilience.
Comparative Genomics of Salmonellaenterica Serovar Typhi Strains Ty2 and CT18

ABSTRACT We present the 4.8-Mb complete genome sequence of Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhi strain Ty2, a human-specific pathogen causing typhoid fever. A comparison with the genome sequence of recently isolated S. enterica serovar Typhi strain CT18 showed that 29 of the 4,646 predicted genes in Ty2 are unique to this strain, while 84 genes are unique to CT18. Both genomes contain more than 200 pseudogenes; 9 of these genes in CT18 are intact in Ty2, while 11 intact CT18 genes are pseudogenes in Ty2. A half-genome interreplichore inversion in Ty2 relative to CT18 was confirmed. The two strains exhibit differences in prophages, insertion sequences, and island structures. While CT18 carries two plasmids, one conferring multiple drug resistance, Ty2 has no plasmids and is sensitive to antibiotics.
Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori Responsible for Gastric Diseases in Mongolian Gerbil

Helicobacter pylori infection induces various gastroduodenal diseases. We examined the role of two genes, vacA and cagE, in the gastric pathogenesis induced by H. pylori using a long-term (62 wk) animal model. Reportedly, both genes are associated with the virulence of H. pylori: vacA encodes vacuolating cytotoxin, and cagE, with other genes in the cag pathogenicity islands, encodes a type IV secretion system. Mongolian gerbils were challenged in this study by a wild-type TN2 strain and its isogenic mutants of cagE or vacA. The wild-type and vacA mutants induced severe gastritis, whereas cagE mutants induced far milder changes. Gastric ulcer was induced at the highest rate (22/23) by the wild-type TN2, followed by the vacA mutant (19/28). No ulcer was found in the gerbils infected with the cagE mutant (0/27) or in controls (0/27). Intestinal metaplasia was also found in the gerbils infected with the wild-type (14/23) or vacA mutant (15/28). Gastric cancer developed in one gerbil with wild-type infection and in one with vacA mutant infection. In conclusion, the knocking out of the cagE gene deprived wild-type H. pylori of the pathogenicity for gastritis and gastric ulcer, suggesting that the secretion system encoded by cag pathogenicity island genes plays an essential role.
Power, Knowledge and Feminist Scholarship: An Ethnography of Academia

Maria do Mar Pereira’s book can be seen as several different books all very cogently rolled into one. It manages to be, at once, a book about the role of feminism in academia, about the dynamics of Women’s, Gender and Feminist Studies (WGFS) as an academic activity, about feminist critiques of scientific epistemology, about the situatedness (geographical and temporal) of knowledge production within a very anglo-centric academic ecosystem, about the neoliberalisation of academia, about the embodied experience (and harm) of academic work, and about the self-reflexiveness of writing an academic book about people who write academic books. At no point are all these layers confused or confusing, and they flow consistently and methodically, demonstrating a superb command of the literature involved, both in depth and in breadth – as many references are from outside the anglosphere of most-cited authors. From here, it follows that this book has several target audiences – people focusing on WGFS, on mental health, on academic praxis, on epistemology, on postcolonial studies, on guides for self-reflexive writing, on cultural studies, on ethnography, on neoliberalism and precarious work, among others, will find here plenty of interesting material, and an absolutely impressive literature review from which to draw. The author is quite aware that this, too, is a way for her to perform academic status – that she is not outside of the dynamics that she is studying – and it shows how familiar she is with the field of sociology and WGFS. The main idea behind the book is that, in order to understand the processes of power and knowledge at work in academia, an ethnographic analysis is necessary – one that combines structural aspects (funding, politics, marketing) with situated events, even those that are often seen as unremarkable, such as ‘corridor talk’, or backand-forth conversations in classes. To do this, Maria do Mar Pereira creates a new conceptual tool a feminist theory of epistemic status:
Axonal Regeneration and Neuronal Function Are Preserved in Motor Neurons Lacking ß-Actin In Vivo

The proper localization of ß-actin mRNA and protein is essential for growth cone guidance and axon elongation in cultured neurons. In addition, decreased levels of ß-actin mRNA and protein have been identified in the growth cones of motor neurons cultured from a mouse model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), suggesting that ß-actin loss-of-function at growth cones or pre-synaptic nerve terminals could contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the role of ß-actin in motor neurons in vivo and its potential relevance to disease has yet to be examined. We therefore generated motor neuron specific ß-actin knock-out mice (Actb-MNsKO) to investigate the function of ß-actin in motor neurons in vivo. Surprisingly, ß-actin was not required for motor neuron viability or neuromuscular junction maintenance. Skeletal muscle from Actb-MNsKO mice showed no histological indication of denervation and did not significantly differ from controls in several measurements of physiologic function. Finally, motor axon regeneration was unimpaired in Actb-MNsKO mice, suggesting that ß-actin is not required for motor neuron function or regeneration in vivo.
Counting dyons in N = 8 string theory

A recently discovered relation between 4D and 5D black holes is used to derive exact (weighted) BPS black hole degeneracies for 4D = 8 string theory from the exactly known 5D degeneracies. A direct 4D microscopic derivation in terms of weighted 4D D-brane bound state degeneracies is sketched and found to agree.
High Frequency Multiplicative Component GARCH

This paper proposes a new way of modeling and forecasting intraday returns. We decompose the volatility of high frequency asset returns into components that may be easily interpreted and estimated. The conditional variance is expressed as a product of daily, diurnal and stochastic intraday volatility components. This model is applied to a comprehensive sample consisting of 10-minute returns on more than 2500 US equities. We apply a number of different specifications. Apart from building a new model, we obtain several interesting forecasting results. In particular, it turns out that forecasts obtained from the pooled cross section of companies seem to outperform the corresponding forecasts from company-by-company estimation.
Neighborhood Environment Measurements and Anthropometric Indicators of Obesity: Results From the Women and Their Children’s Health (WaTCH) Study

We compared geographic information system (GIS)- and Census-based approaches for measuring the physical and social neighborhood environment at the census tract-level versus an audit approach on associations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Data were used from the 2012-2014 Women and Their Children’s Health (WaTCH) Study (n = 940). Generalized linear models were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for BMI (≥30 kg/m2), WC (>88 cm), and WHR (>0.85). Using an audit approach, more adverse neighborhood characteristics were associated with a higher odds of WC (OR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.05, 1.15]) and WHR (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: [1.05, 1.14]) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, income, and oil spill exposure. There were no significant associations between GIS- and Census-based measures with obesity in adjusted models. Quality aspects of the neighborhood environment captured by audits at the individual-level may be more relevant to obesity than physical or social aspects at the census tract-level.
Is there such a thing as ‘white ignorance’ in British education?

Abstract I argue that political philosopher Charles W. Mills’ twin concepts of ‘the epistemology of ignorance’ and ‘white ignorance’ are useful tools for thinking through racial injustice in the British education system. While anti-racist work in British education has a long history, racism persists in British primary, secondary and tertiary education. For Mills, the production and reproduction of racism relies crucially on cognitive and epistemological processes that produce ignorance, and which promote various ways of ignoring the histories and legacies of European colonialism and imperialism, as well as the testimonies and scholarship of those who experience racism in their everyday lives. I survey these concepts within Mills’ work then marshal evidence in support of my claim that ‘the epistemology of ignorance’ and ‘white ignorance’ provide a useful framework for thinking through problems of racial injustice in British education.
Muscle Abscess due to Salmonella Enterica

Non typhoidal Salmonellae spp. causes clinical symptoms especially in neonates, infants, aged and immunocompromised patients. Hematogenous dissemination may occur in complicated cases whereas the formation of abscess is rare. A 61-year old woman presented to our hospital with pain and a mass in her left arm, without fever and leukocytosis. She was using methotrexate, corticosteroids and quinine for rheumatoid arthritis. She had a history of cervix cancer and was given radiotherapy and chemotherapy 3 years ago. Upon physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging, the mass was considered as an abscess and was surgically drained. Salmonella enterica spp. enterica was yielded in the culture of the drainage material. Ceftriaxon 2g/day was started intramuscularly and continued for 4 weeks. Salmonellosis is usually a self-limited disease, generally restricted to gastrointestinal tract and acquired following food poisoning. Management of Salmonella abscess requires a combination of antibiotherapy, surgical drainage and eradication of primary foci.
ReviewProlactin in the Male : 25 Years Later

In an article published 25 years ago in the first volume of the Journal of Andrology (Bartke et al, 1980), we reported evidence of involvement of prolactin (PRL) in the control of testicular growth in the golden hamster. In this seasonally breeding species, testes undergo regression in the fall and recover their size and activity the following spring. PRL-secreting transplants of anterior pituitaries augmented the stimulatory effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin on the recrudescence of the regressed testes, while treatment with an inhibitor of PRL release, bromocriptine, delayed recrudescence of the testes and the seminal vesicles induced by exposure to long photoperiods.