Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Citizen Science”? Rethinking Science and Public Participation

Since the late twentieth century, “citizen science” has become an increasingly fashionable label for a growing number of participatory research activities. This paper situates the origins and rise of the term “citizen science” and contextualises “citizen science” within the broader history of public participation in science. It analyses critically the current promises — democratisation, education, discoveries — emerging within the “citizen science” discourse and offers a new framework to better understand the diversity of epistemic practices involved in these participatory projects. Finally, it maps a number of historical, political, and social questions for future research in the critical studies of “citizen science”.
D-instanton derivation of multi-fermion F-terms in supersymmetric QCD

We investigate effects of field theory instantons by considering D-instantons in a suitable D3-brane background. In supersymmetric QCD with SU(N_c) gauge group with N_f=N_c flavors, the moduli space of vacua is deformed by instantons. This effect can be described by the chiral interactions which are called multi-fermion F-terms. We derive these chiral interaction terms as D-instanton effects in the presence of D3-branes. For SU(2), the obtained result agrees with the previous result worked out by Beasley and Witten [hep-th/0409149]. We also explicitly work out those for the case of the symplectic gauge group, and show that they describe the deformation of the moduli space.
A NEW HIGHER HOMOTOPY GROUPOID: THE FUNDAMENTAL GLOBULAR !-GROUPOID OF A FILTERED SPACE

We show that the graded set of filter homotopy classes rel vertices of maps from the n-globe to a filtered space may be given the structure of globular! –groupoid. The proofs use an analogous fundamental cubical! –groupoid due to the author and Philip Higgins. This method also relates the construction to the fundamental crossed complex of a filtered space, and this relation allows the proof that the crossed complex associated to the free globular! -groupoid on one element of dimensionn is the fundamental crossed complex of then-globe.
Multi-class cancer classification by semi-supervised ellipsoid ARTMAP with gene expression data

To accurately identify the site of origin of a tumor is crucial to cancer diagnosis and treatment. With the emergence of DNA microarray technologies, constructing gene expression profiles for different cancer types has already become a promising means for cancer classification. In addition to binary classification, the discrimination of multiple tumor types is also important semi-supervised ellipsoid ARTMAP (ssEAM) is a novel neural network architecture rooted in adaptive resonance theory suitable for classification tasks. ssEAM can achieve fast, stable and finite learning and create hyper-ellipsoidal clusters inducing complex nonlinear decision boundaries. Here, we demonstrate the capability of ssEAM to discriminate multi-class cancer through analyzing two publicly available cancer datasets based on their gene expression profiles.
Série Scientifique Scientific Series Option Valuation with Conditional Skewness Option Valuation with Conditional Skewness

ASSOCIÉ À :. Institut de Finance Mathématique de Montréal (IFM 2). Laboratoires universitaires Bell Canada. Réseau de calcul et de modélisation mathématique [RCM 2 ]. Réseau de centres d'excellence MITACS (Les mathématiques des technologies de l'information et des systèmes complexes) Les cahiers de la série scientifique (CS) visent à rendre accessibles des résultats de recherche effectuée au CIRANO afin de susciter échanges et commentaires. Ces cahiers sont écrits dans le style des publications scientifiques. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. Résumé / Abstract Il est clair empiriquement que les prix d'options sur indices diffèrent de manière systématique des prix Black-Scholes. Les prix des options de vente hors du cours (et les prix des options d'achat dans le cours) sont relativement élevés par rapport au prix Black-Scholes. Motivés par ces faits empiriques, nous développons un nouveau modèle dynamique à temps discret de rendements d'actions avec des innovations gaussiennes inverses. Le modèle permet de tenir compte de l'asymétrie conditionnelle ainsi que de l'hétéroskédasticité conditionnelle et d'un effet de levier financier. Nous présentons une formule analytique de prix d'option conforme à cette dynamique des rendements. Un test empirique intensif du modèle à partir des options sur l'indice S&P500 montre que la performance du nouveau modèle GARCH gaussien inverse est supérieure à celle des modèles imbriqués standards pour les options de vente hors du cours, de ce fait démontrant l'importance de l'asymétrie conditionnelle. Le processus GARCH gaussien inverse à temps discret présente deux limites intéressantes en temps continu. Une de ces limites correspond au modèle de volatilité stochastique standard de Heston (1993). L'autre est un processus de sauts purs avec intensité stochastique. En utilisant ces résultats de limites, une motivation équivalente pour notre modèle est qu'il généralise les modèles de volatilité stochastique standards de volatilité en permettant des "sauts" et d'autres mouvements négatifs de queues épaisses dans les rendements d'action. Les résultats empiriques démontrent donc également l'importance des sauts pour l'évaluation des prix d'options de vente hors du cours. There is extensive empirical evidence that index option prices systematically differ from Black-Scholes prices. Out-of-the-money put prices (and …
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Paulson 'Teaser Freezer' Plan: Evidence from the ABX Index

How did investors holding assets backed by subprime residential mortgages react when Treasury Secretary Paulson announced the so-called "teaser freezer" plan to modify mortgages in December 2007? We apply event-study methodology to the ABX index, the only source of daily securities prices in subprime mortgage markets. Our results show that investors initially perceived that the Paulson Plan would improve conditions in subprime housing markets. Specifically, those investors who held the riskiest securities backed by subprime residential housing benefited the most from the Paulson Plan. These findings do not extend to the longer term, suggesting that any positive effects from Paulson Plan loan modifications were overwhelmed by the continued deterioration in housing markets. ; WP 10-06 replaces an earlier version listed as WP 09-7
Unconscious Influences of Attitudes and Challenges to Self-Control

Unconscious Influences 2 Remember the last time you were stuck in traffic, only to find after an eternity of inching, there was nothing but a fender bender neatly off to the side of the road to explain the delay? It's maddening to realize that the whole delay resulted from one driver after the other slowing down to take a good look. This realization usually occurs precisely as you are craning your neck, slowing down to take a good look. It's hard not to be captivated by the details of people's misfortune—just ask the folks who read gossip columns, watch horror films, or study social psychology. Social psychologists have always been excited by findings that are nothing but bad news for our cherished ideas about how humans operate. Classic research on cognitive dissonance challenged the view of humans as rational decision-makers by showing that people would sometimes perform acrobatic contortions of self-justification rather than accept threatening inconsistencies (Festinger, 1957). Milgram's (1963) studies of obedience revealed how chillingly far people would go in response to simple commands by a person wearing a lab coat. More recently, social psychologists have told us that feeling in control of our actions doesn't make it so, and that much of our behavior can rattle off pretty well without us (Bargh & Chartrand, 1999; Wegner, 2002). After decades of optimism about the steady decline of prejudice, they've told us that rumors of racism's demise have been greatly exaggerated and that valuing equality doesn't guarantee a conscience clear of bias (Devine, 1989; Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). And, if you're thinking that you can't recall a single instance in which these findings would apply to you, social psychologists are here to tell you that's exactly what they would expect someone in your position The excitement is understandable. Ideas that change the way we think about being human are the signposts that let us know psychological science is getting somewhere. Still, that progress leaves a lot of misfortune on the side of the road. These kinds of findings raise important questions about agency, responsibility, and self-control. In this essay we focus on the questions raised by research on implicit social cognition, especially concerning stereotypes and Unconscious Influences 3 group attitudes. A common worry is that if biases reside outside of consciousness, then even enlightened and well-intentioned people will be hard pressed to control them. ―Never forget,‖ warned Baudelaire, ―when you …
Summarization Based on Task-Oriented Discourse Parsing

Previous research demonstrates that discourse relations can help generate high-quality summaries. Existing studies usually adopt existing discourse parsers directly with no modifications, hence cannot take full advantage of discourse parsing. This paper describes a new single document summarization system. In contrast to previous work, we train a discourse parser specially for summarization by using summaries. The training data are dynamically changed during the training phase to enable the parser to grab the text units that are important for summaries. A special tree-based summary extraction algorithm is designed to work with the new parser. The proposed system enables us to combine discourse parsing and summarization in a unified scheme. Experiments on both the RST-DT and DUC2001 datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Statistical Discrimination in a Labor Market with Job Selection

Statistical Discrimination in a Labor Market with Job Selection This paper derives a statistical discrimination model that includes the self selection that results when employees optimally choose which jobs to apply for. We show that in such a model, a simple yardstick like di®erences in average quali ̄cations does not guarantee that members of the worse quali ̄ed group are always discriminated against. Strong conditions on group di®erences (MLRP must hold) are required to ensure that statistical discrimination against members of a single group will result. Furthermore, the resulting statistical discrimination is smaller than what would result in an economy in which employees do not select the jobs they apply for. It is possible that the statistical discrimination can be a factor in reducing group di®erences because when the statistical discrimination favors the group that is worse quali ̄ed on average there is an incentive for the members of such a group to invest in education. When employers' ability to measure quali ̄cations di®ers from one group to another, we show that the group employers know least about is favored. Consequently any endogenous quality di®erences that might result from employee investment decisions favors the less familiar group. Finally, we show how our results can be used to explain a number of empirical puzzles that are documented in the literature.
Implicit and explicit preferences for physical attractiveness in a romantic partner: a double dissociation in predictive validity.

Five studies develop and examine the predictive validity of an implicit measure of the preference for physical attractiveness in a romantic partner. Three hypotheses were generally supported. First, 2 variants of the go/no-go association task revealed that participants, on average, demonstrate an implicit preference (i.e., a positive spontaneous affective reaction) for physical attractiveness in a romantic partner. Second, these implicit measures were not redundant with a traditional explicit measure: The correlation between these constructs was . 00 on average, and the implicit measures revealed no reliable sex differences, unlike the explicit measure. Third, explicit and implicit measures exhibited a double dissociation in predictive validity. Specifically, explicit preferences predicted the extent to which attractiveness was associated with participants' romantic interest in opposite-sex photographs but not their romantic interest in real-life opposite-sex speed-daters or confederates. Implicit preferences showed the opposite pattern. This research extends prior work on implicit processes in romantic relationships and offers the first demonstration that any measure of a preference for a particular characteristic in a romantic partner (an implicit measure of physical attractiveness, in this case) predicts individuals' evaluation of live potential romantic partners.
Exact Half-BPS Flux Solutions in M-theory. I: Local Solutions

The complete eleven-dimensional supergravity solutions with 16 supersymmetries on manifolds of the form AdS3 × S3 × S3 × Σ, with isometry SO(2, 2) × SO(4) × SO(4), and with either AdS4 × S7 or AdS7 × S4 boundary behavior, are obtained in exact form. The two-dimensional parameter space Σ is a Riemann surface with boundary, over which the product space AdS3 × S3 × S3 is warped. By mapping the reduced BPS equations to an integrable system of the sine-Gordon/Liouville type, and then mapping this integrable system onto a linear equation, the general local solutions are constructed explicitly in terms of one harmonic function on Σ, and an integral transform of two further harmonic functions on Σ. The solutions to the BPS equations are shown to automatically solve the Bianchi identities and field equations for the 4-form field, as well as Einstein's equations. The solutions we obtain have non-vanishing 4-form field strength on each of the three factors of AdS3 × S3 × S3, and include fully back-reacted M2-branes in AdS7 × S4 and M5-branes in AdS4 × S7. No interpolating solutions exist with mixed AdS4 × S7 and AdS7 × S4 boundary behavior. Global regularity of these local solutions, as well as the existence of further solutions with neither AdS4 × S7 nor AdS7 × S4 boundary behavior will be studied elsewhere.
PENGARUH STRESS KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PTPN VII CINTA MANIS

ABSTRAK The research aim to see the influence of job stress and job satisfaction to the employee performances at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VII Cinta Manis Ogan Ilir. The employees of PTPN VII Cinta Manis Ogan Ilir is taken as the population. The technique sampling used is simple random sampling. The tools for data analysis are linear regretion, determination coefficient, and hypothesis examination with F-test and t-test. This research results the equation of regression Y= 1,984 + 0,235X 1 + 0,269X 2 , The job stress and job satisfaction towards the job performance contributes 34,7%. F-test results in rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis meaning the job stress and job satisfaction simultaneously influence the job performance significantly. t-test results in rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis meaning the job stress and job satisfaction partially influence towards the job performance of PTPN Cinta Manis Ogan Ilir employees significantly. Key words: job stress, job satisfaction and employee performance
The Subjective-Objective Disjunction in Psychometrically-Defined Schizotypy: What it is and Why it is Important?

An interesting set of findings has emerged from the literature regarding schizotypy. Individuals with psychometric schizotypy self-report pathology in certain neuropsychological, affective experiential, expressive and olfactory abilities and subjective quality of life at levels between one and two standard deviations more severe than their non-schizotypal peers; a level often similar to that seen in chronic schizophrenia. Objectively however, individuals with psychometric schizotypy do not show concomitant impairments in these domains. This “subjective-objective” disjunction is remarkable in that samples are largely drawn from college settings; thus likely reflecting the healthiest individuals within the schizophrenia-spectrum. We propose that this disjunction can be conceptualized as a “cognitive bias”, and that it reflects a dysfunction in the systems underlying reasoning and self-evaluation. In this article, we lay out evidence underlying the subjective-objective disjunction and discuss potential methodological and psychological issues that may explain this phenomenon.
A comprehensive set of elemental abundances in damped Lyα systems: Revealing the nature of these high-redshift galaxies

By combining our UVES-VLT spectra of a sample of four damped Lyα systems (DLAs) toward the quasars Q0100+13, Q1331+17, Q2231−00 and Q2343+12 with the existing HIRES-Keck spectra, we covered the total optical spectral range from 3150 to 10 000 A for the four quasars. This large wavelength coverage and the high quality of the spectra allowed us to measure the column densities of up to 21 ions, namely of 15 elements − N, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn. This comprehensive set of ionic column densities and elemental abundances severely contrasts with the majority of DLAs for which only a handful of ions and elements is typically observed. Such a large amount of information is necessary to constrain the photoionization and dust depletion effects, two important steps in order to derive the intrinsic chemical abundance patterns of DLAs. We evaluated the photoionization effects with the help of the Al + /Al ++ ,F e + /Fe ++ ,N 0 /N + and Ar/Si, S ratios, and com- puted dust corrections. Our analysis revealed that the DLA toward Q2343+12 requires important ionization corrections. This makes the abundance determinations in this object uncertain. The access to the complete series of relatively robust intrinsic ele- mental abundances in the other three DLAs allowed us to constrain their star formation history, their age and their star formation rate by a detailed comparison with a grid of chemical evolution models for spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies. Our results show that the galaxies associated with these three DLAs in the redshift interval zabs = 1.7-2.5 are either outer regions of spiral disks (radius ≥ 8 kpc) or dwarf irregular galaxies (showing a bursting or continuous star formation history) with ages varying from some 50 Myr only to 3.5 Gyr and with moderate star formation rates per unit area of −2.1 < log ψ< −1.5 Myr −1 kpc −2 .
The Araucaria Project: Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheid Variables in the Sculptor Galaxy NGC 55

We have obtained deep images in the near-infrared J and K filters of four fields in the Sculptor group spiral galaxy NGC 55 with the ESO VLT and ISAAC camera. For 40 long-period Cepheid variables in these fields, which were recently discovered by Pietrzyński et al., we have determined mean J and K magnitudes from observations at two epochs, and derived distance moduli from the observed period-luminosity (PL) relations in these bands. Using these values together with the previously measured distance moduli in the optical V and I bands, we have determined a total mean reddening of the NGC 55 Cepheids of E(B − V) = 0.127 ± 0.019 mag, which is mostly produced inside NGC 55 itself. For the true distance modulus of the galaxy, our multiwavelength analysis yields a value of 26.434 ± 0.037 mag (random error), corresponding to a distance of 1.94 ± 0.03 Mpc. This value is tied to an adopted true Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) distance modulus of 18.50 mag. The systematic uncertainty of our derived Cepheid distance to NGC 55 (apart from the uncertainty on the adopted LMC distance) is ±4%, with the main contribution likely to come from the effect of blending of some of the Cepheids with unresolved companion stars. The distance of NGC 55 derived from our multiwavelength Cepheid analysis agrees within the errors with the distance of NGC 300, strengthening the case for a physical association of these two Sculptor group galaxies.
Phagocytic receptors activate and immune inhibitory receptor SIRPα inhibits phagocytosis through paxillin and cofilin

The innate immune function of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, tissue debris, pathogens, and cancer cells is essential for homeostasis, tissue repair, fighting infection, and combating malignancy. Phagocytosis is carried out in the central nervous system (CNS) by resident microglia and in both CNS and peripheral nervous system by recruited macrophages. While phagocytosis proceeds, bystander healthy cells protect themselves by sending a “do not eat me” message to phagocytes as CD47 on their surface ligates immune inhibitory receptor SIRPα on the surface of phagocytes and SIRPα then produces the signaling which inhibits phagocytosis. This helpful mechanism becomes harmful when tissue debris and unhealthy cells inhibit their own phagocytosis by employing the same mechanism. However, the inhibitory signaling that SIRPα produces has not been fully revealed. We focus here on how SIRPα inhibits the phagocytosis of the tissue debris “degenerated myelin” which hinders repair in axonal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. We tested whether SIRPα inhibits phagocytosis by regulating cytoskeleton function through paxillin and cofilin since (a) the cytoskeleton generates the mechanical forces that drive phagocytosis and (b) both paxillin and cofilin control cytoskeleton function. Paxillin and cofilin were transiently activated in microglia as phagocytosis was activated. In contrast, paxillin and cofilin were continuously activated and phagocytosis augmented in microglia in which SIRPα expression was knocked-down by SIRPα-shRNA. Further, levels of phagocytosis, paxillin activation, and cofilin activation positively correlated with one another. Taken together, these observations suggest a novel mechanism whereby paxillin and cofilin are targeted to control phagocytosis by both the activating signaling that phagocytic receptors produce by promoting the activation of paxillin and cofilin and the inhibiting signaling that immune inhibitory SIRPα produces by promoting the inactivation of paxillin and cofilin.
The Functional Significance of Oscillatory Activities in the Basal Ganglia and Pedunculopontine Nucleus Region in Parkinson’s Disease and Dystonia

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dystonia are movement disorders related to dysfunctions of basal ganglia (BG). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi) are treatments for PD and dystonia. Previous research indicated that abnormally elevated oscillatory activities at the theta (3-10 Hz) beta frequency bands (11-30 Hz) may be related to parkinsonian and dystonic motor symptoms but their precise roles are not well understood. Recently, DBS of the pedunculopontine nucleus region (PPNR) has been used to treat PD patients with postural and gait dysfunctions, but movement-related PPNR activities had not been explored. We aimed to investigate movement-related local field potentials (LFP) recorded from the BG and PPNR in PD and dystonia patients. We recorded STN LFP from PD patients and subsequently applied the intrinsic STN theta, beta, and gamma (31-100 Hz) frequencies through DBS to study their effects on PD motor signs. We also recorded movementrelated PPNR LFP in PD patients and movement-related GPi activities in patients with primary dystonia. Finally, we simultaneously recorded movement-related activities from the GPi and the