Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Approach to Extreme Wind Speeds Conditions on a Small Axial Wind Turbine

—In this paper, to model a real life wind turbine, a probabilistic approach is proposed to model the dynamics of the blade elements of a small axial wind turbine under extreme stochastic wind speeds conditions. It was found that the power and the torque probability density functions even-dough decreases at these extreme wind speeds but are not inﬁnite. Moreover, we also fund that it is possible to stabilize the power coefﬁcient (stabilizing the output power)above rated wind speeds by turning some control parameters. This method helps to explain the effect of turbulence on the quality and quantity of the harness power and aerodynamic torque.
Observability-based optimization for flow sensing and control of an underwater vehicle in a uniform flowfield

This paper describes how an underwater vehicle can control its motion by sensing the surrounding flowfield and using the sensor measurements in a dynamic feedback controller. Limitations in existing sensing modalities for flowfield estimation are mitigated by using a fish-inspired distributed sensor array and a nonlinear observer. Estimation performance is further increased by optimizing sensor placement on the vehicle body. We optimize sensor placement along a streamlined body using measures of flowfield observability, namely the empirical observability gramian. Velocity potentials model the flow around the vehicle and a recursive Bayesian filter estimates the flow from noisy velocity measurements. To orient the body into the oncoming flow (a fish-inspired behavior known as rheotaxis) we implement a dynamic, linear controller that uses the estimated angle of attack. Numerical simulations illustrate the theoretical results.
Cutaneous horn: A mask to underlying malignancy

Cutaneous horns (cornu cutaneum) are uncommon lesions consisting of keratotic material resembling that of an animal horn. It is a conical- or cylindrical-shaped excessive hyperkeratosis of variable size ranging from few millimeters to several centimeters with a variable in size and shape, such as cylindrical, conical, pointed, transversely or longitudinally corrugated, or curved like a ram's horn. The lesions typically occur in sun-exposed areas, particularly the face, ear, nose, forearms and dorsum of hands. Even though 60% of the cutaneous horns are benign in nature, the possibility of skin cancer should always be kept in mind. The clinical diagnosis includes various benign and malignant lesions at its base. Lesions associated with cutaneous horn are keratosis, sebaceous molluscum, verruca, trichilemmal, Bowen's disease, epidermoid carcinoma, malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Herewith, we report a case of cutaneous horn on the upper lip vermillion masking the underlying malignancy at its base.
Environmental genes and genomes: understanding the differences and challenges in the approaches and software for their analyses

DNA-based taxonomic and functional profiling is widely used for the characterization of organismal communities across a rapidly increasing array of research areas that include the role of microbiomes in health and disease, biomonitoring, and estimation of both microbial and metazoan species richness. Two principal approaches are currently used to assign taxonomy to DNA sequences: DNA metabarcoding and metagenomics. When initially developed, each of these approaches mandated their own particular methods for data analysis; however, with the development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques they have begun to share many aspects in data set generation and processing. In this review we aim to define the current characteristics, goals and boundaries of each field, and describe the different software used for their analysis. We argue that an appreciation of the potential and limitations of each method can help underscore the improvements required by each field so as to better exploit the richness of current HTS-based data sets.
Inverse association between severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and some congenital abnormalities

The objective of the study was to investigate the possible association between nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy and congenital abnormalities. The prevalence of medically‐recorded severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy in cases with congenital abnormalities and their available matched population controls without any defect was compared in the population‐based large data set of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of congenital abnormalities, 1980–1996. Of 22,843 cases with as 25 different congenital abnormality groups, 1,713 (7.5%) cases had mothers with medically recorded and treated severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Of 38,151 matched population controls, 3,777 (9.9%) had mothers with severe nausea and vomiting (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) with 95% CI: 0.74, 0.68–0.79). Five congenital abnormality groups: cleft lip with or without cleft palate (0.50, 0.37–0.70), posterior cleft palate (0.53, 0.32–0.89), renal a/dysgenesis (0.23, 0.06–0.96), obstructive defects of urinary tract (0.32, 0.18–0.58), and cardiovascular malformations (0.68, 0.57–0.81) had mothers with a lower prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (adjusted PORs with 95% CI included in parentheses). Of 25 congenital abnormality groups, 22 had POR lower than 1. Thus in this study the mothers of cases with congenital abnormalities were 26% less likely to have had severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy than the mothers of population controls without congenital abnormalities. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between cumulative anthracycline dose and late cardiotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE Late anthrocycline cardiotoxicity after treatment for childhood cancer is common and often progressive. A safe anthracycline dose that will not result in late cardiac abnormalities has not been established due to the limited dose ranges used in existing studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS To determine the relationship between cumulative anthracycline dose and late cardiotoxicity, we performed echocardiograms on 189 survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia a median of 8.1 years (range, 2.0 to 23.4) after completion of anthracycline therapy. Patients were treated according to protocols that used widely varying cumulative anthracycline doses, but comparable nonanthracycline chemotherapy. Patients were divided into four groups based on the city of treatment and cumulative anthracycline dose: Copenhagen, 0 to 23 mg/m2 (n = 32); Boston, 45 mg/m2 (n = 17); Copenhagen, 73 to 301 mg/m2 (n = 53); and Boston, 244 to 550 mg/m2 (n = 87). Left ventricular dimension and fractional shortening were adjusted for sex and age or body-surface area through use of a control population (n = 296), and then compared among the four groups. RESULTS Mean left ventricular dimension was significantly increased in the high-dose Boston group (observed:predicted value, 4.57 cm:4.45 cm; P = .002) and significantly higher than in the two Copenhagen groups. In the three lower-dose groups, there was no significant increase in mean left ventricular dimension, and the groups were not significantly different from each other. Similarly, the mean left ventricular fractional shortening was significantly depressed in the high-dose Boston group (observed:predicted value, 29.0%:33.8%; P = .0001) and significantly lower than in the three lower-dose groups. CONCLUSION Depressed left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular dilatation were uncommon years after treatment of childhood leukemia when cumulative anthracycline doses were < or = 300 mg/m2.
Application of Deep Learning in Neuroradiology: Automated Detection of Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage using 2D-Convolutional Neural Networks

Background: Deep learning techniques have achieved high accuracy in image classification tasks, and there is interest in applicability to neuroimaging critical findings. This study evaluates the efficacy of 2D deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for detecting basal ganglia (BG) hemorrhage on noncontrast head CT. Materials and Methods: 170 unique de-identified HIPAA-compliant noncontrast head CTs were obtained, those with and without BG hemorrhage. 110 cases were held-out for test, and 60 were split into training (45) and validation (15), consisting of 20 right, 20 left, and 20 no BG hemorrhage. Data augmentation was performed to increase size and variation of the training dataset by 48-fold. Two DCNNs were used to classify the images-AlexNet and GoogLeNet-using untrained networks and those pre-trained on ImageNet. Area under the curves (AUC) for the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated, using the DeLong method for statistical comparison of ROCs. Results: The best performing model was the pre-trained augmented GoogLeNet, which had an AUC of 1.00 in classification of hemorrhage. Preprocessing augmentation increased accuracy for all networks (p<0.001), and pretrained networks outperformed untrained ones (p<0.001) for the unaugmented models. The best performing GoogLeNet model (AUC 1.00) outperformed the best performing AlexNet model (AUC 0.95)(p=0.01). Conclusion: For this dataset, the best performing DCNN identified BG hemorrhage on noncontrast head CT with an AUC of 1.00. Pretrained networks and data augmentation increased classifier accuracy. Future prospective research would be important to determine if the accuracy can be maintained on a larger cohort of patients and for very small hemorrhages.
Changes in patterns of growth and nutritional anthropometry in two rural modernizing Papua New Guinea communities.

In Papua New Guinea growth is slow and adult body size is small. This is often considered an adaptation to the low energy and nutrient densities of the diets in which tubers and root crops predominate. Social and economic change have been a feature of Papua New Guinea, particularly in recent times. In 1969 the human biology of two contrasting communities, one coastal with a long interaction with external influences and cash cropping, the other a highland community with a history of more recent contacts, was investigated. In 1984 repeat measurements of nutritional anthropometry were made on the villagers and those born in the previous 14 years. The coastal boys and girls were taller and heavier in 1984 compared with 1969 but remained below the 5th percentile of reference North American data. Increases were also found in the highland children, particularly girls, but significantly lower means were found in children under 2 years. Although stunting was less common in the coastal children in 1984, 156 cases (37%) versus 175 cases (43%) (chi 2 = 7.69, rho < 0.05), wasting increased in prevalence from 11 cases (3%) to 20 cases (5%) (n.s.), either because of recent food shortages or because height change was greater than weight change. Stunting rose by 3% to 53% (165 cases) in highland children (chi 2 = 7.24, p < 0.05). In adults, heights were 2-3 cm greater in 1984 than 1969, and weights 2-3 kg greater, with peak differences in the 30-39-year-olds. The percentage of coastal women with body mass indices of less than 18.5 kg/m2 fell from 32% to 15% (chi 2 = 27.4, p < 0.01). Mid-upper arm circumferences and triceps skinfolds were significantly higher in all groups. National and regional data suggest that the communities were better off in 1984 than 1969, but social and economic changes were associated with variable benefits in growth and nutritional status.
A Temporal Foundation for Continuous Queries over Data Streams

Despite the surge of research in continuous stream processing, there is still a semantical gap. In many cases, continuous queries are formulated in an enriched SQL-like query language without specifying the semantics of such a query precisely enough. To overcome this problem, we present a sound and well defined temporal operator algebra over data streams ensuring deterministic query results of continuous queries. In analogy to traditional database systems, we distinguish between a logical and physical operator algebra. While our logical operator algebra specifies the semantics of each operation in a descriptive way over temporal multisets, the physical operator algebra provides adequate implementations in form of stream-to-stream operators. We show that query plans built with either the logical or the physical algebra produce snapshot-equivalent results. Moreover, we introduce a rich set of transformation rules that forms a solid foundation for query optimization, one of the major research topics in the stream community. Examples throughout the paper motivate the applicability of our approach and illustrate the steps from query formulation to query execution.
Source parameter estimation in inhomogeneous volume conductors of arbitrary shape

It is demonstrated that the use of a direct matrix inverse in the solution of the forward problem in volume conduction problems greatly facilitates the application of standard, nonlinear parameter estimation procedures for finding the strength as well as the location of the current source inside an inhomogeneous volume conductor of arbitrary shape from potential measurements at the outer surface (inverse procedure). This, in turn, facilitates the inclusion of a priori constraints. Where possible, the performance of the method is compared to that of the Gabor-Nelson method. Applications are in the field of bioelectricity (e.g. electrocardiography and electroencephalography). <<ETX>>
CLP(Intervals) Revisited

The design and implementation of constraint logic programming (CLP) languages over intervals is revisited. Instead of decomposing complex constraints in terms of simple primitive constraints as in CLP(BNR), complex constraints are manipulated as a whole, enabling more sophisticated narrowing procedures to be applied in the solver. This idea is embodied in a new CLP language Newton whose operational semantics is based on the notion of box-consistency, an approximation of arc-consistency, and whose implementation uses Newton interval method. Experimental results indicate that Newton outperforms existing languages by an order of magnitude and is competitive with some state-of-the-art tools on some standard benchmarks. Limitations of our current implementation and directions for further work are also identified.
Secondary Aeromonas peritonitis is associated with polymicrobial ascites culture and absence of liver cirrhosis compared to primary Aeromonas peritonitis

Aeromonas peritonitis remains a rare condition. In this study we describe the clinical features of primary and secondary Aeromonas peritonitis, and compare the differences between these two diseases entities. Patients with Aeromonas peritonitis were identified from microbiological and medical records during the period between March 1994 and March 2003. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, microbiological results, treatment and outcome of patients were obtained by retrospective chart review. 22 and 27 patients with primary or secondary peritonitis caused by Aeromonas species were identified. All except two of these patients were adults, with a median age of 62.4 (31–76) vs 65.8 (8–85) years, respectively. Males were predominant (82 vs 78%). Peritonitis was community acquired in 73% and 56% of patients in these two groups, respectively. Significantly higher prevalence of underlying liver cirrhosis (96 vs 7%, p<0.001), which was Child‐Pugh class C in 91% of cases, in primary peritonitis was noted. Primary peritonitis was more likely to be monomicrobial (100 vs 15%, p<0.001) and complicated by bacteremia (50 vs 7%, p=0.011). A source of intraabdominal infection should be sought when Aeromonas peritonitis occurs in a patient who has no history of liver cirrhosis or who has a polymicrobial result of ascites culture.
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin as an Early Predictor of Disease Severity and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis

Objectives In reference to our earlier publication, laboratory tests that reflect severe intravascular volume depletion can be used for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim of the study was to assess whether urinary level of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) could represent a useful marker of AP severity. Methods We observed a cohort of 104 prospectively enrolled patients. The patients were classified into 3 groups: mild AP, moderately severe AP, and severe AP. Urine samples were collected on admission (NGAL-as) and during the first 24 hours (NGAL-first day) for examination of urinary level of NGAL concentrations from the first day. Results Acute pancreatitis was considered severe in 16 (15%) patients, moderately severe in 25 (24%) patients, and mild in 63 (61%) patients. There were statistically significant trends for an increase in severity (P = 0.04, P = 0.003) and mortality (P < 0.031, P = 0.01) with raising NGAL-as and NGAL-first day concentrations, respectively. The areas under the curve for severity predicted by NGAL-as and NGAL-first day were 0.75 and 0.93, respectively. The areas under the curve for mortality prediction by NGAL-as and NGAL-first day were 0.980 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusions The urinary level of NGAL is a promising new diagnostic and prognostic factor for severe AP in an early stage of the disease.
The Effect of Dialogue System Output Style Variation on Users’ Evaluation Judgments and Input Style

A dialogue system can present itself and/or address the user as an active agent by means of linguistic constructions in personal style, or suppress agentivity by using impersonal style. We compare system evaluation judgments and input style alignment of users interacting with an in-car dialogue system generating output in personal vs. impersonal style. Although our results are consistent with earlier findings obtained with simulated systems, the effects are weaker.
CAV1 Prevents Gallbladder Cholesterol Crystallization by Regulating Biosynthesis and Transport of Bile Salts

Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) is a hepatobiliary disorder which results from a biochemical imbalance in the gallbladder bile. Here we show that loss of CAV1 sensitized mice to lithogenic diet‐induced gallbladder cholesterol crystallization, which was associated with dysregulation of several hepatic transporters that efflux cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile salts. The combined effect of increased biliary cholesterol concentration and decreased biliary bile salt secretion in CAV1−/− mice led to an increased cholesterol saturation index and the formation of cholesterol crystals. At the signaling level, the ERK/AP‐1 pathway seems to mediate the effects of CAV1 on biliary BA homeostasis and might be developed as a therapeutic target for CGD. We propose that CAV1 is an anti‐lithogenic factor and that the CAV1−/− mice may offer a convenient CGD model to develop therapeutic interventions for this disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2118–2127, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries

There is growing evidence that small-scale, coastal, passive net fisheries may be the largest single threat to some sea turtle populations. We review assessments of turtle interactions in these fisheries, and experiments on gear-technology approaches (modifying gear designs, materials and fishing methods) to mitigate turtle by-catch, available from a small number of studies and fisheries. Additional assessments are needed to improve the limited understanding of the relative degree of risk coastal net fisheries pose to turtle populations, to prioritize limited conservation resources and identify suitable mitigation opportunities. Whether gear technology provides effective and commercially viable solutions, alone or in combination with other approaches, is not well-understood. Fishery-specific assessments and trials are needed, as differences between fisheries, including in gear designs; turtle and target species, sizes and abundance; socioeconomiccontext; andpracticality affectefficacyandsuitabilityofbycatch mitigation methods. Promising gear-technology approaches for gillnets and trammelnetsinclude:increasinggearvisibilitytoturtlesbutnottargetspecies,through illuminationandlinematerials;reducingnetverticalheight;increasingtiedownlength or eliminating tiedowns; incorporating shark-shaped silhouettes; and modifying float characteristics, the number of floats or eliminating floats. Promising gear-technology approachesforpoundnetsandothertrapgearinclude:replacingmeshwithropesinthe upperportionofleaders;incorporatingaturtlereleasingdeviceintotraps;modifyingthe shape of the trap roof to direct turtles towards the location of an escapement device; usinganopentrap;andincorporatingadevicetopreventseaturtleentranceintotraps.
Improvement of Differentiation and Interpretability of Spoligotyping for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates by Introduction of New Spacer Oligonucleotides

ABSTRACT The direct repeat (DR) region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains is composed of multiple well-conserved 36-bp DRs interspersed with nonrepetitive DNA spacer sequences of similar size. Clinical isolates show extensive polymorphism in this DR region, and this has led to the development of a 43-spacer reversed line blot methodology: spoligotyping. Although this method has contributed significantly to the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in the last decade, the discriminatory power and the readability of this method were not found to be optimal. In order to improve the discriminatory power, the usefulness of 43 redesigned oligonucleotides and the usefulness of 51 new spacer oligonucleotides were evaluated. For 314 M. tuberculosis complex strains isolated in the central part of The Netherlands over a 5-year period, 264 different IS6110 RFLP types could be distinguished, and 160 different spoligotype patterns were identified by traditional spoligotyping. After the introduction of 51 new spacer oligonucleotides, 14 additional spoligotypes were recognized. This enabled us to split 11 clusters of isolates identified by the traditional spoligotyping. Furthermore, on the basis of the new spacer oligonucleotides a dichotomy was found among the Beijing genotype isolates. Among 76 Mycobacterium bovis strains, 20 patterns were found by traditional spoligotyping and 30 patterns were found by novel probe spoligotyping, respectively. Nine M. bovis subsp. caprae isolates yielded six patterns by traditional spoligotyping and eight patterns by novel probe spoligotyping. A part of the redesigned oligonucleotides slightly improved the reading of spoligotype patterns. The reproducibility of spoligotyping, based on internal control probes, invariably yielded a high score; only 4 (1%) of the 314 patient isolates gave discrepant results. Analysis of a set of 31 duplicate M. tuberculosis complex strains demonstrated a 10% error rate for the identification of blinded duplicate samples. In a redundancy analysis, 40 essential spacer oligonucleotides of the 94-spacer sequences were selected, yielding the same number of spoligotype patterns. We propose to leave the traditional commercialized first-generation membrane for spoligotyping unchanged for current applications and to introduce a second-generation spoligotyping membrane whenever extended discrimination is required, e.g., for low-copy-number IS6110 strains or for phylogenetic studies of Beijing genotype strains.