Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Marine Palynology of the Upper Cretaceous Abu Roash ‘A’ Member in the BED 2-3 Borehole, Abu Gharadig Basin, Egypt

ABSTRACT This study presents a high-resolution palynological analysis for the Abu Roash ‘A' Member in the hydrocarbon-rich Abu Gharadig Basin, North Western Desert, Egypt. Thirty-one rock samples, spanning the upper Coniacian to lower Campanian Abu Roash ‘A' Member (180 m) from the Badr El Din (BED) 2-3 borehole, were investigated. Highly diverse and well-preserved assemblages of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts were recorded. A total of 220 species belonging to 123 genera were identified from different levels throughout the studied succession. The marine dinoflagellate cysts represented herein by 160 species allowed three palynological assemblage zones to be recognised. These include the Satyrodinium haumuriense-Isabelidinium belfastense-Odontochitina operculata Assemblage Zone (early Campanian), Dinogymnium acuminatum-Nelsoniella aceras-Odontochitina porifera Assemblage Zone (Santonian), and Cyclonephelium filoreticulatum-Spinidinium echinoideum Assemblage Zone (late Coniacian). Approximately 17 species representing 14 dinoflagellate cyst genera are identified for the first time in the Cretaceous record of Egypt. A comparison to published palynological data from neighbouring areas reveals that several significant events are synchronous throughout the Western Desert, suggesting a common similarity of water masses. Palynofacies and palynomorph analyses of the whole samples led us to define two palynofacies assemblages, which indicate that the Abu Roash ‘A' Member was deposited during a successive oscillation of sea level from distal inner to middle neritic conditions. A sequence stratigraphic framework assessment was carried out to trace the relative response of the sedimentological organic matter distribution to the changes of sea level. Four third-order transgressive–regressive sequences (SQ2–SQ5) and two incomplete transgressive–regressive sequences (SQ1 and SQ6) are constructed through the Abu Roash ‘A’ Member.
The vascular clock system generates the intrinsic circadian rhythm of vascular contractility

Many of the cardiovascular parameters or incidences of coronary artery diseases display circadian variations. These day/night time variances may be attributable to the diurnal change in vascular contractility. However, the molecular mechanism of the vascular clock system which generates the circadian variation of vascular contractility has remained largely unknown. Recently we found the existence of the intrinsic circadian rhythm in vascular contractility. A clock gene Rorα in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) provokes the diurnal oscillatory change in the expression of Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2), which induces the time-of-day-dependent variation in the agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and myofilament Ca2+ sensitization. In this review, we introduce our recent findings with reference to the molecular basis of the biological clock system and the current literature concerning cardiovascular chronobiology.
Production control of a pull system with production and demand uncertainty

We consider a continuous material-flow manufacturing system with an unreliable production system and a variable demand source which switches randomly between zero and a maximum level. The failure and repair times of the production system and the switching times of the demand source are assumed to be exponentially distributed random variables. The optimal production flow control policy that minimizes the expected average inventory carrying and backlog costs is characterized as a double-hedging policy. The optimal hedging levels are determined analytically by minimizing the closed-form expression of the cost function. We investigate two approximate single hedging policies. It is empirically shown that an approximate policy that uses a single hedging level which is the sum of a production uncertainty term and a demand uncertainty term gives accurate results for the expected average cost.
Nonlinearity and market efficiency in GCC stock markets

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC OVERVIEW . 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY.1 1.2 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES . 2 1.3 OUTLINES OF STUDY . 4 1.4 GCC ECONOMIES: BRIEF REVIEW.5 1.5 ECONOMIC GROWTH . 7 1.6 GCC STOCK MARKETS . 13 CHAPTER TWO: EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL MARKETS AND NONLINEARITY.20 2.1 INTRODUCTION.20 2.2 EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESES . 22 2.2.1 Literature Review.22 2.2.2 Efficiency in GCC Stock Markets . 30 2.2.3 Implications and criticism.32 2.3 NONLINEARITY.46 2.3.1 Literature Review.46 2.3.2 Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics.48 2.3. 3 Nonlinear Dynamics in Financial Markets.53 CHAPTER THREE: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS . 59 3.1 DATA DESCRIPTION.59 3.2 PRELIMINARY STATISTICS AND UNIT ROOT TESTS . 60 3.4 TESTS FOR SERIAL INDEPENDENCE: LINEAR APPROACH.70 3.4. 1 Autocorrelation Function Test . 70 3.4. 2 Ljung-Box Q test . 71
Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-[18F]Labeled Glutamic Acid as a Tumor Metabolic Imaging Tracer

We have previously reported that N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-methionine ([18F]FPMET) selectively accumulates in tumors. However, due to the poor pharmacokinetics of [18F]FPMET in vivo, the potential clinical translation of this observation is hampered. In this study, we rationally designed and synthesized [18F] or [11C]labeled N-position L-glutamic acid analogues for tumor imaging. N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FPGLU) was synthesized with a 30±10% (n = 10, decay-corrected) overall radiochemical yield and a specific activity of 40±25 GBq/μmol (n = 10) after 130 min of radiosynthesis. In vitro cell experiments showed that [18F]FPGLU was primarily transported through the XAG – system and was not incorporated into protein. [18F]FPGLU was stable in urine, tumor tissues, and blood. We were able to use [18F]FPGLU in PET imaging and obtained high tumor to background ratios when visualizing tumors tissues in animal models.
Economic Benefits of Investing in Women’s Health: A Systematic Review

Background Globally, the status of women’s health falls short of its potential. In addition to the deleterious ethical and human rights implications of this deficit, the negative economic impact may also be consequential, but these mechanisms are poorly understood. Building on the literature that highlights health as a driver of economic growth and poverty alleviation, we aim to systematically investigate the broader economic benefits of investing in women’s health. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed health, gender, and economic literature to identify studies that investigate the impact of women’s health on micro- and macroeconomic outcomes. We developed an extensive search algorithm and conducted searches using 10 unique databases spanning the timeframe 01/01/1970 to 01/04/2013. Articles were included if they reported on economic impacts stemming from changes in women’s health (table of outcome measures included in full review, Table 1). In total, the two lead investigators independently screened 20,832 abstracts and extracted 438 records for full text review. The final review reflects the inclusion of 124 articles. Results The existing literature indicates that healthier women and their children contribute to more productive and better-educated societies. This study documents an extensive literature confirming that women’s health is tied to long-term productivity: the development and economic performance of nations depends, in part, upon how each country protects and promotes the health of women. Providing opportunities for deliberate family planning; healthy mothers before, during, and after childbirth, and the health and productivity of subsequent generations can catalyze a cycle of positive societal development. Conclusions This review highlights the untapped potential of initiatives that aim to address women’s health. Societies that prioritize women’s health will likely have better population health overall, and will remain more productive for generations to come.
Natural Implementation with Partially Honest Agents in Economic Environments

In this paper, we introduce the weak and the strong notions of partially honest agents (Dutta and Sen, 2012), and then study implementation by natural price-quantity mechanisms (Saijo et al., 1996, 1999) in pure exchange economies with three or more agents in which pure-consequentialistically rational agents and partially honest agents coexist. Firstly, assuming that there exists at least one partially honest agent in either the weak notion or the strong notion, the class of efficient social choice correspondences which are Nash-implementable by such mechanisms is characterized. Secondly, the (unconstrained) Walrasian correspondence is shown to be implementable by such a mechanism when there is at least one partially honest agent of the strong type, which may provide a behavioral foundation for decentralized implementation of the Walrasian equilibrium. Finally, in this set-up, the effects of honesty on the implementation of more equitable Pareto optimal allocations can be viewed as negligible.
Opiates and elderly: Use and side effects

The evaluation of pain and the subsequent issue of pain control is a clinical challenge that all healthcare providers face. Pain in the elderly population is especially difficult given the myriad of physiological, pharmacological, and psychological aspects of caring for the geriatric patient. Opiates are the mainstay of pain treatment throughout all age groups but special attention must be paid to the efficacy and side effects of these powerful drugs when prescribing to a population with impaired metabolism, excretion and physical reserve. In a random chart review of 300 US veterans, 44% of those receiving an analgesic also received opioids. The increasing use of opiates for pain management by healthcare practitioners requires that those prescribing opioids be aware of the special considerations for treating the elderly. This article will address the precautions one must take when using opiates in the geriatric population, as well as the side effects and ways to minimize them.
Evaluating Design Tradeoffs in Dual Speed Pipelines

Power reduction in general purpose high performance processors designed for a wide market and wide range of applications is an increasingly daunting challenge. The proposed solutions must be robust and the signiﬁcant power gains must come at little or no performance impact. This paper proposes a processor with dual speed pipelines. The slow components of the processor can be driven at lower supply voltages and thus present an opportunity to save power. However, slow components also imply lower IPCs. Research has been done to identify “critical” instructions and use the criticality of instructions to selectively apply optimizations to improve performance. In this paper we use two of these heuristics to identify critical instructions and schedule them on the fast components to retain processor performance while achieving power savings by dynamically scheduling all other instructions to the slow components. Our preliminary results show that intelligent scheduling can offset a signiﬁcant part of the performance penalty due to slow components.
The uses of outcome measures within multidisciplinary early childhood intervention services: a systematic review

Abstract Purpose of the article: To review the use of outcome measures, across the domains of activity, participation, and environment, within multidisciplinary early childhood intervention services. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken that included four electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review. Inclusion criteria were age 0–24 months, having or at risk of a developmental disability, in receipt of multidisciplinary early childhood intervention services, and included outcome measures across all domains of the International Classification of Functioning-Child & Youth (ICF-CY). Only peer-reviewed journal articles were considered. Eligible studies were coded using the Oxford Levels of Evidence. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale for randomised controlled trials and the QualSyst for non-randomised control trials. Results: Of the total of 5764 records identified, 10 were considered to meet inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Fourteen outcome measures were identified, addressing the domains of activity, participation, and environment. Of these, eight have been recommended in the early intervention literature. While the methodological quality of the 10 studies varied, these papers make a contribution to the body of research that acknowledges the role of routine and enriched environments. Implications for Rehabilitation Core practice elements of multidisciplinary early childhood intervention services indicate it is necessary to select outcome measures framed within the International Classification of Functioning-Child & Youth to inform clinical decision-making for measuring intervention effectiveness across the domains of activity, participation and environment. Of the identified measures, three (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and Goal Attainment Scaling) are well-established and identified in the literature as multidisciplinary outcome measures for children with developmental disability. The selection of an appropriate outcome measure depends on the age of the child, individual goals of the family, and the type of intervention. This requires the combination of measures as no one measure alone will capture all components of the International Classification of Functioning-Child & Youth.
Vengefulness: Relationships with Forgiveness, Rumination, Well-Being, and the Big Five

Because forgiveness theory has tended to neglect the role of dispositional factors, the authors present novel theorizing about the nature of vengefulness (the disposition to seek revenge following interpersonal offenses) and its relationship to forgiveness and other variables. In Study 1, vengefulness was correlated cross-sectionally with (a) less forgiving, (b) greater rumination about the offense, (c) higher negative affectivity, and (d) lower life satisfaction. Vengefulness at baseline was negatively related to change in forgiving throughout an 8-week follow-up. In Study 2, vengefulness was negatively associated with Agreeableness and positively associated with Neuroticism. Measures of the Big Five personality factors explained 30% of the variance in vengefulness.
Compressed representations of sequences and full-text indexes

Given a sequence <i>S</i> = <i>s</i><sub>1</sub><i>s</i><sub>2</sub>…<i>s</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> of integers smaller than <i>r</i> = <i>O</i>(polylog(<i>n</i>)), we show how <i>S</i> can be represented using <i>nH</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>S</i>) + <i>o</i>(<i>n</i>) bits, so that we can know any <i>s</i><sub><i>q</i></sub>, as well as answer <i>rank</i> and <i>select</i> queries on <i>S</i>, in constant time. <i>H</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>S</i>) is the zero-order empirical entropy of <i>S</i> and <i>nH</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>S</i>) provides an information-theoretic lower bound to the bit storage of any sequence <i>S</i> via a fixed encoding of its symbols. This extends previous results on binary sequences, and improves previous results on general sequences where those queries are answered in <i>O</i>(log <i>r</i>) time. For larger <i>r</i>, we can still represent <i>S</i> in <i>nH</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>S</i>) + <i>o</i>(<i>n</i> log <i>r</i>) bits and answer queries in <i>O</i>(log <i>r</i>/log log <i>n</i>) time. Another contribution of this article is to show how to combine our compressed representation of integer sequences with a compression boosting technique to design <i>compressed full-text indexes</i> that scale well with the size of the input alphabet Σ. Specifically, we design a variant of the FM-index that indexes a string <i>T</i>[1, <i>n</i>] within <i>nH</i><sub><i>k</i></sub>(<i>T</i>) + <i>o</i>(<i>n</i>) bits of storage, where <i>H</i><sub><i>k</i></sub>(<i>T</i>) is the <i>k</i>th-order empirical entropy of <i>T</i>. This space bound holds simultaneously for all <i>k</i> ≤ α log<sub>|Σ|</sub> <i>n</i>, constant 0 < α < 1, and |Σ| = <i>O</i>(polylog(<i>n</i>)). This index counts the occurrences of an arbitrary pattern <i>P</i>[1, <i>p</i>] as a substring of <i>T</i> in <i>O</i>(<i>p</i>) time; it locates each pattern occurrence in <i>O</i>(log<sup>1+ϵ</sup> <i>n</i>) time for any constant 0 < ϵ < 1; and reports a text substring of length ℓ in <i>O</i>(ℓ + log<sup>1+ϵ</sup> <i>n</i>) time. Compared to all previous works, our index is the first that removes the alphabet-size dependance from all query times, in particular, counting time is linear in the pattern length. Still, our index uses essentially the same space of the <i>k</i>th-order entropy of the text <i>T</i>, which is the best space obtained in previous work. We can also handle larger alphabets of size |Σ| = <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>β</sup>), for any 0 < β < 1, by paying <i>o</i>(<i>n</i> log|Σ|) extra space and multiplying all query times by <i>O</i>(log |Σ|/log log <i>n</i>).
From beer to crack: developmental patterns of drug involvement.

OBJECTIVES Prior research has identified developmental stages in drug use in adolescence, from substances that are legal for adults to illicit drugs. The position of crack in patterns of drug involvement remains to be established. METHODS The analyses are based on a sample (n = 1108) representative of 12th graders attending New York State public and private schools. From reported ages of first use of five classes of drugs (alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine but not crack, crack), alternate models of progression were tested for their goodness of fit through log-linear models. RESULTS The sequence involves at the earliest stage the use of at least one licit drug, alcohol or cigarettes. Subsequent stages involve marijuana and cocaine; crack is the last drug in the sequence. The results confirm the more important role of alcohol among males and cigarettes among females in the progression into various drug classes. Age of first drug use at a lower stage is a strong predictor of further progression. CONCLUSIONS The developmental pattern of drug involvement identified in the early 1970s still characterizes adolescent pathways of drug involvement in the late 1980s.
Dominance, Biomass and Extinction Resistance Determine the Consequences of Biodiversity Loss for Multiple Coastal Ecosystem Processes

Key ecosystem processes such as carbon and nutrient cycling could be deteriorating as a result of biodiversity loss. However, currently we lack the ability to predict the consequences of realistic species loss on ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to test whether species contributions to community biomass can be used as surrogate measures of their contribution to ecosystem processes. These were gross community productivity in a salt marsh plant assemblage and an intertidal macroalgae assemblage; community clearance of microalgae in sessile suspension feeding invertebrate assemblage; and nutrient uptake in an intertidal macroalgae assemblage. We conducted a series of biodiversity manipulations that represented realistic species extinction sequences in each of the three contrasting assemblages. Species were removed in a subtractive fashion so that biomass was allowed to vary with each species removal, and key ecosystem processes were measured at each stage of community disassembly. The functional contribution of species was directly proportional to their contribution to community biomass in a 1∶1 ratio, a relationship that was consistent across three contrasting marine ecosystems and three ecosystem processes. This suggests that the biomass contributed by a species to an assemblage can be used to approximately predict the proportional decline in an ecosystem process when that species is lost. Such predictions represent “worst case scenarios” because, over time, extinction resilient species can offset the loss of biomass associated with the extinction of competitors. We also modelled a “best case scenario” that accounts for compensatory responses by the extant species with the highest per capita contribution to ecosystem processes. These worst and best case scenarios could be used to predict the minimum and maximum species required to sustain threshold values of ecosystem processes in the future.
Acoustic source inversion to estimate volume flux from volcanic explosions

We present an acoustic waveform inversion technique for infrasound data to estimate volume fluxes from volcanic eruptions. Previous inversion techniques have been limited by the use of a 1‐D Green's function in a free space or half space, which depends only on the source‐receiver distance and neglects volcanic topography. Our method exploits full 3‐D Green's functions computed by a numerical method that takes into account realistic topographic scattering. We apply this method to vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan. Our inversion results produce excellent waveform fits to field observations and demonstrate that full 3‐D Green's functions are necessary for accurate volume flux inversion. Conventional inversions without consideration of topographic propagation effects may lead to large errors in the source parameter estimate. The presented inversion technique will substantially improve the accuracy of eruption source parameter estimation (cf. mass eruption rate) during volcanic eruptions and provide critical constraints for volcanic eruption dynamics and ash dispersal forecasting for aviation safety. Application of this approach to chemical and nuclear explosions will also provide valuable source information (e.g., the amount of energy released) previously unavailable.
Transferring Naive Bayes Classifiers for Text Classification

A basic assumption in traditional machine learning is that the training and test data distributions should be identical. This assumption may not hold in many situations in practice, but we may be forced to rely on a different-distribution data to learn a prediction model. For example, this may be the case when it is expensive to label the data in a domain of interest, although in a related but different domain there may be plenty of labeled data available. In this paper, we propose a novel transfer-learning algorithm for text classification based on an EM-based Naive Bayes classifiers. Our solution is to first estimate the initial probabilities under a distribution Dl of one labeled data set, and then use an EM algorithm to revise the model for a different distribution Du of the test data which are unlabeled. We show that our algorithm is very effective in several different pairs of domains, where the distances between the different distributions are measured using the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Moreover, KL-divergence is used to decide the trade-off parameters in our algorithm. In the experiment, our algorithm outperforms the traditional supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms when the distributions of the training and test sets are increasingly different.