Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Alterations in Diastolic Left Ventricular Chamber Distensibility: Mechanistic Differences Between Hypoxemia and Ischemia in Isolated Perfused Rabbit and Rat Hearts

Changes in diastolic chamber distensibility (DCD) during hypoxemia and ischemia were studied in isolated-buffer-perfused rabbit hearts. Two minutes of hypoxemia (low Po2 coronary flow) resulted in a shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curve to the left, i.e., distensibility was decreased (hypoxemic contracture). In contrast, 2 minutes of ischemia (zero coronary flow) resulted in an initial shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curve to the right indicating increased distensibility, which was followed by a later (30 minutes) shift to the left (ischemic contracture). Two minutes of ischemia superimposed on hypoxemia caused complete reversal of contracture. A quick stretch and release applied to the myocardium reversed late ischemic contracture but did not effect early hypoxemic contracture. The role of intracellular pH in modulating changes in DCD during hypoxia and ischemia was studied using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of isolated-buffer-perfused rat hearts that demonstrated changes in DCD similar to rabbit hearts during hypoxemia and ischemia. Intracellular pH decreased from 7.03 ± 0.02 to 6.87 ± 0.03 (p < .01) during 2 minutes of ischemia but did not change significantly during 4 minutes of hypoxemia. When 2 minutes of ischemia were superimposed on hypoxemia, pH decreased from 6.99 ± 0.01 during hypoxemia to 6.88 ± 0.02 after 2 minutes of ischemia (p < .01), concomitant with the complete reversal of hypoxemic contracture. These results suggest different mechanisms for late ischemic and early hypoxemic contracture and also suggest an explanation for the opposite initial changes in DCD seen after brief periods of ischemia and hypoxemia. The early development of contracture during hypoxemia and rapid redevelopment of diastolic tension after quick stretching are consistent with the hypothesis that hypoxemic contracture results from persistent Ca-activated diastolic tension secondary to impaired calcium resequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, the late development of contracture during global ischemia and reversal by quick stretching is compatible with rigor bond formation. The initial increase in distensibility during early ischemia and the reversal of hypoxemic contracture by a brief period of superimposed ischemia probably is the result of two factors present during ischemia but not during hypoxemia: 1) the collapse of the coronary vasculature and loss of the "erectile" effect and, 2) the rapid development of intracellular acidosis, which has been shown to affect myofibrillar calcium sensitivity, and this may lead to a decrease in Ca++ activated diastolic tension.
Social Determinants of Methadone in Pregnancy: Violence, Social Capital, and Mental Health

Mothering and methadone can occur together with the right resources and support. Methadone mothers need to be seen in the context of their social risks and environment. Societal attitudes, social capital, and other contextual variables can be changed through policy. The purpose of this article is to describe the contextual risks experienced by drug abusing mothers in order to direct further research and policy changes that protect their children. Research has focused on biological or genetic determinants, but now social risks and environmental factors are shaping current literature about substance abuse in pregnancy. Significant risk factors, taken from the literature, are detailed, such as intimate partner violence and mental health co-morbidities. Racial differences and the effect of place on pregnant substance abusers are also discussed. Policy recommendations address the barriers substance abusing women face in their journey toward a healthy pregnancy.
Endurance interval training in obese mice reduces muscle inflammation and macrophage content independently of weight loss

Obesity is associated with chronic low‐grade inflammation that involves infiltration of macrophages into metabolic organs such as skeletal muscle. Exercise enhances skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity independently of weight loss; but its role in regulating muscle inflammation is not fully understood. We hypothesized that exercise training would inhibit skeletal muscle inflammation and alter macrophage infiltration into muscle independently of weight loss. Wild type C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow diet or a high‐fat diet (HFD, 45% calories fat) for 6 weeks. Then, mice maintained on the HFD either remained sedentary (HFD Sed) or exercised (HFD Ex) on a treadmill for another 6 weeks. The exercise training protocol involved conducting intervals of 2 min in duration followed by 2 min of rest for 60 min thrice weekly. Chow‐fed control mice remained sedentary for the entire 12 weeks. Muscle cytokine and macrophage gene expression analysis were conducted using qRT‐PCR, and muscle macrophage content was also measured using immunohistochemistry. Muscle cytokine protein content was quantified using a cytokine array. The HFD increased adiposity and weight gain compared to chow‐fed controls. HFD Sed and HFD Ex mice had similar body mass as well as total and visceral adiposity. However, despite similar adiposity, exercise reduced inflammation and muscle macrophage infiltration. We conclude that Endurance exercise training modulates the immune‐metabolic crosstalk in obesity independently of weight loss, and may have potential benefits in reducing obesity‐related muscle inflammation.
An Analysis of Monotone Follower Problems for Diffusion Processes

We consider a singular stochastic control problem, which is called the monotone follower stochastic control problem, and give sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a local-time type optimal control. To establish this result, we use a methodology that has not been employed to solve singular control problems. We first confine ourselves to local-time strategies. We then apply a transformation to the total reward accrued by reflecting the diffusion at a given boundary and show that it is linear in its continuation region. Now, the problem of finding the optimal boundary becomes a nonlinear optimization problem: The slope of the linear function and an obstacle function need to be simultaneously maximized. The necessary conditions of optimality come from first-order derivative conditions. We show that under some weak assumptions these conditions become sufficient. We also show that the local-time strategies are optimal in the class of all monotone increasing controls. As a by-product of our analysis, we give sufficient conditions for the value function to be C2 on all of its domain. We solve two dividend payment problems to show that our sufficient conditions are satisfied by the examples considered in the mainstream literature. We show that our assumptions are satisfied not only when capital of a company is modeled by a Brownian motion with drift, but also when we change the modeling assumptions and use a square root process to model the capital.
Protective T-Cell-Based Immunity Induced in Neonatal Mice by a Single Replicative Cycle of Herpes Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Newborns are very susceptible to infections because their immune systems are not fully developed and react to antigen exposure preferentially with unresponsiveness. UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) represents such an antigen and does not induce an immune response in neonates. In contrast, protective T cells were primed in newborn mice by a single replicative cycle of DISC HSV-1 given once within 24 h of birth. Each of the HSV-1-primed CD4+ or CD8+ T cells induced in wild-type or interferon-deficient mice conferred resistance to naive animals exposed to a lethal virus challenge. Inactivated HSV-1, injected at variable doses up to 104 times that of DISC HSV-1, was ineffective in inducing any detectable immune responses in neonates. Thus, the capacity of HSV-1 to replicate once, but not the number of virus particles per se, was decisive in inducing protective T-cell-associated immunity in newborn mice.
Unique Cell Type-Specific Junctional Complexes in Vascular Endothelium of Human and Rat Liver Sinusoids

Liver sinusoidal endothelium is strategically positioned to control access of fluids, macromolecules and cells to the liver parenchyma and to serve clearance functions upstream of the hepatocytes. While clearance of macromolecular debris from the peripheral blood is performed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) using a delicate endocytic receptor system featuring stabilin-1 and -2, the mannose receptor and CD32b, vascular permeability and cell trafficking are controlled by transcellular pores, i.e. the fenestrae, and by intercellular junctional complexes. In contrast to blood vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells in other organs, the junctional complexes of LSECs have not yet been consistently characterized in molecular terms. In a comprehensive analysis, we here show that LSECs express the typical proteins found in endothelial adherens junctions (AJ), i.e. VE-cadherin as well as α-, β-, p120-catenin and plakoglobin. Tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins typical of endothelial cells, i.e. claudin-5 and occludin, were not expressed by rat LSECs while heterogenous immunreactivity for claudin-5 was detected in human LSECs. In contrast, junctional molecules preferentially associating with TJ such as JAM-A, B and C and zonula occludens proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2 were readily detected in LSECs. Remarkably, among the JAMs JAM-C was considerably over-expressed in LSECs as compared to lung microvascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, we show here that LSECs form a special kind of mixed-type intercellular junctions characterized by co-occurrence of endothelial AJ proteins, and of ZO-1 and -2, and JAMs. The distinct molecular architecture of the intercellular junctional complexes of LSECs corroborates previous ultrastructural findings and provides the molecular basis for further analyses of the endothelial barrier function of liver sinusoids under pathologic conditions ranging from hepatic inflammation to formation of liver metastasis.
Assessment of Selective Attention With CSCWT (Computerized Stroop Color-Word Test) Among Children and Adults

Zarghi Afsaneh, Zali Alireza Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tehranidost Mehdi ICSS (Institute for Cognitive Science Studies), Tehran, Iran Ashrafi Farzad Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Scieneces, Tehran, Iran Zarindast Mohammad Reza ICSS (Institute for Cognitive Science Studies), Tehran, Iran Moazzezi Mehdi Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Khodadadi Seyed Mojtaba Behavioural Science Institute of SINA, Tehran, Iran
Functional Electrical Stimulation to the Dorsiflexors and Quadriceps in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Purpose: To assess the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the ankle dorsiflexors and quadriceps in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Fourteen children (mean age 8 years) were randomly allocated to a treatment or control group. The treatment group received 2 weeks of neuromuscular electrical stimulation followed by 8 weeks of FES used at home and school. The control group continued with its usual physiotherapy program. Assessment took place at baseline and before and after the treatment period. Both control and treatment groups were fitted with FES for gait analysis at the second and final assessments. Results: In both groups, FES of the ankle dorsiflexors resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) effect on gait kinematics. However, no long-term treatment effect of using FES for 8 weeks was found. Conclusions: FES for selected children with cerebral palsy, receiving adequate support, can be a practical treatment option to improve gait kinematics.
Further Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes as Control Agents for Drosophila suzukii

Drosophila suzukii populations remain low in the UK. To date, there have been no reports of widespread damage. Previous research demonstrated that various species of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes could potentially suppress D. suzukii population development under laboratory trials. However, none of the given species was concluded to be specifically efficient in suppressing D. suzukii. Therefore, there is a need to screen further species to determine their efficacy. The following entomopathogenic agents were evaluated for their potential to act as control agents for D. suzukii: Metarhizium anisopliae; Isaria fumosorosea; a non-commercial coded fungal product (Coded B); Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The fungi were screened for efficacy against the fly on fruit while the nematodes were evaluated for the potential to be applied as soil drenches targeting larvae and pupal life-stages. All three fungi species screened reduced D. suzukii populations developing from infested berries. Isaria fumosorosea significantly (p < 0.001) reduced population development of D. suzukii from infested berries. All nematodes significantly reduced adult emergence from pupal cases compared to the water control. Larvae proved more susceptible to nematode infection. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora proved the best from the four nematodes investigated; readily emerging from punctured larvae and causing 95% mortality. The potential of the entomopathogens to suppress D. suzukii populations is discussed.
Coronavirus JHM: nucleotide sequence of the mRNA that encodes nucleocapsid protein.

A DNA copy of the mRNA that encodes the nucleocapsid protein of Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM has been cloned into pAT153. The DNA copy specifically inhibited the synthesis in vitro of the nucleocapsid protein. The cDNA was subcloned into M13 vectors and the entire sequence, 1767 bases including a 15 base terminal poly (A) tract, has been determined by chain-terminator sequencing. The sequence contained an open-reading frame that could encode a basic protein of mol.wt. 49700. From the predicted sequence it was apparent that the nucleocapsid protein has 5 basic regions, two of which are located near the middle of the sequence, a serine-rich region was also located, a feature which may be of functional importance as the nucleocapsid protein is phosphorylated at serine residues. The carboxy terminus of the nucleocapsid protein was found to be acidic. The 5' non-coding sequence contained a triple repeat of the pentamer AATCT, a structural feature which may play a significant role during the production of subgenomic viral mRNAs. Images
Stochastic Behavior of Tropical Convection in Observations and a Multicloud Model

AbstractThe aim for a more accurate representation of tropical convection in global circulation models is a long-standing issue. Here, the relationships between large and convective scales in observations and a stochastic multicloud model (SMCM) to ultimately support the design of a novel convection parameterization with stochastic elements are investigated. Observations of tropical convection obtained at Darwin and Kwajalein are used here. It is found that the variability of observed tropical convection generally decreases with increasing large-scale forcing, implying a transition from stochastic to more deterministic behavior with increasing forcing. Convection shows a more systematic relationship with measures related to large-scale convergence compared to measures related to energetics (e.g., CAPE). Using the observations, the parameters in the SMCM are adjusted. Then, the SMCM is forced with the time series of the observed large-scale state and the simulated convective behavior is compared to that ob.
Fast image super resolution via local regression

In this paper, we propose a super resolution method based on linear regression in different middle-frequency texture categories. We benefit from the hypothesis that the mapping from middle-frequency manifold to high-frequency manifold is similar locally, and use simple linear regression method to learn mapping functions in different area of middle-frequency manifold. Different from previous works, our method only uses the database to learn the mapping functions in different categories in the training phase, then we just need to save these mapping functions instead of a huge external database to get the missing details. Some experiments are used to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our method as well as our hypothesis.
Association of Body Mass Index With Major Cardiovascular Events and With Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background—Conflicting data exist regarding the relation between body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular events and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results—We performed pooled analyses to evaluate the association between BMI (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) and the risks of major cardiovascular events (defined as death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or stroke) and death among 23 181 patients from 11 prospective percutaneous coronary intervention studies. Overall, mean (±SD) BMI was 24.9±3.0. During follow-up (median, 2.1 years), 2381 patients had a major cardiovascular event, and 1004 patients died. After adjusting covariates, there was an inverse relationship between BMI and adverse outcomes. With a BMI of 22.5 to 24.9 as the reference category, the risk of major cardiovascular events was elevated among patients with a lower BMI (by a factor of 1.52 for a BMI <18.5; 1.05 for a BMI of 18.5–19.9; 1.03 for a BMI of 20.0–22.4); by contrast, the risk declined among patients with a higher BMI (by a factor of 0.97 for a BMI of 25.0–27.4; 0.97 for a BMI of 27.5–29.9; and 0.78 for a BMI of ≥30.0). In general, the hazard ratios for deaths were similar. Conclusions—Among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, a low BMI was associated with increased risks of major cardiovascular events and death. However, there were no excess risks of these events associated with a high BMI.
Estimates of vital rates for the Canadian Indians, 1960–1970

The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the registered data on Canadian Indians collected by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and to prepare vital rates for 1960–1970 using the adjusted data. A cursory examination of registered data for the purpose of developing various demographic indices and for making future estimates of population indicates certain anomalies that call for a careful appraisal of the data. The main problem is the inconsistency in the reporting of births, due largely to the late registration of births. One plausible reason for late registration may be the increased outward movement of Indians from their reserves. Indirect methods are used to adjust the number of births and infant deaths reported annually since 1960.On the basis of the adjusted data, vital rates for the Canadian Indians are calculated for the period 1960–1970. The crude death rate decreased from 10.9 in 1960 to 7.5 in 1970. The infant mortality rate registered a drastic decline, from 81.5 deaths per 1,000 births in 1960 to 34.9 in 1970. During this same time period the birth rate also declined, from 46.5 to 37.2.
Studies of resistance to experimental tuberculosis in mice vaccinated with living attenuated tubercle bacilli and challenged with virulent organisms.

Resistance to infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been studied in a number of experimental animals, but recently the suitability of mice for immunity tests has been emphasized. Stamatin and Stamatin (1) concluded that mice were less susceptible than guinea pigs. The use of mice for studies of resistance to tuberculosis was given great impetus by Dubos and associates (2a-2i) , who showed that, by controlling the size of the challenge dose of virulent bacilli injected intravenously, differences in reactions of nonvaccinated mice could be detected. Lethal infections were avoided because differences between the two groups of animals were difficult to detect. In tests to evaluate the immunogenicity of various strains of BCG, the number of organisms in selected tissues was determined because proliferation of the immunizing agent was necessary to produce protection. The degree of resistance was measured by: the comparative numbers of virulent organisms in lungs and spleens; the number of tuberculous lesions in the lungs; and the number of acid-fast organisms in each nodule of control and immunized mice. The application of these methods has been described by various writers (3-7). Crowle (8) has shown that the relative density of the lungs of vaccinated and control mice challenged with virulent tubercle bacilli may be used as an index of immunity. The survival time of control versus vaccinated mice after intravenous challenge with large numbers of virulent bacilli has also been used as a measure of resistance (9-11). Glover (12) showed that mice were susceptible to infection by aerosols of virulent bovine tubercle bacilli and that approximately 100 organisms were an infectious dose and 120,000 a lethal
EFFECTS OF TEAM TIMEOUTS ON THE TEAMS’ SCORING PERFORMANCE IN ELITE HANDBALL CLOSE GAMES

This study identified temporal effects (immediate, short-term, and medium-term effect) of team timeouts on elite handball scoring performance in reference to several situational variables that may influence performance: match status, game location, quality of the opposition, game period, and game type. The sample consisted of 646 team timeouts from 142 close games (score differences less than or equal to five goals) of the 2011/2012 men’s Spanish Professional Handball League (ASOBAL League). For each team timeout, the goals scored and conceded within the previous and post timeout 1st, 3rd and 5th ball possessions were recorded for the teams that called a timeout and for their opponents. Multiple linear regression models were used for analysis. The results showed positive effects on goals scored for the teams that called a timeout, with increases of 0.59, 1.40 and 1.85 goals for the periods within the previous and post team timeout 1st, 3rd and 5th ball possessions. Conversely, significant negative effects on goals scored were found for the opposing teams, with decreases of 0.59, 1.43 and 2.04 goals for the same periods, respectively. Unexpectedly, the influence of situational variables on scoring performance of the teams was only registered for certain game periods. These findings could be useful for a better team timeout management during games and competitions.