Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of autonomous regulation and negative self-evaluative emotions as predictors of smoking behavior change among college students

This study compared autonomous self-regulation and negative self-evaluative emotions as predictors of smoking behavior change in college student smokers (N = 303) in a smoking cessation intervention study. Although the two constructs were moderately correlated, latent growth curve modeling revealed that only autonomous regulation, but not negative self-evaluative emotions, was negatively related to the number of days smoked. Results suggest that the two variables tap different aspects of motivation to change smoking behaviors, and that autonomous regulation predicts smoking behavior change better than negative self-evaluative emotions.
Assessing the educational value of one-to-one devices: have we been asking the right questions?

Abstract The provision for every pupil in schools of one-to-one digital devices such as tablets and laptops is claimed to offer a range of benefits, both practical and educational. Opinions are still divided as to whether the benefits for teaching and learning in fact outweigh the cost, disruption to established teaching practice, and distraction for learners. This paper presents studies carried out in three different settings where such schemes have been implemented, in order to consider the extent to which the benefits as presented in the research literature are working out in reality, and whether such benefits constitute an adequate argument in support of investing further in these technologies. The paper finds that there is considerable evidence of practical benefit for processes of teaching and learning from the availability in schools of one-to-one devices, but limited evidence of concerted or systematic strategies on the part of schools for helping young people to engage profitably and wisely with the digital world, with respect both to their learning and their wider lives.
On the Equivalence between Assumption-Based Argumentation and Logic Programming

Assumption-Based Argumentation (ABA) has been shown to subsume various other non-monotonic reasoning formalisms, among them normal logic programming (LP). We re-examine the relationship between ABA and LP and show that normal LP also subsumes (flat) ABA. More precisely, we specify a procedure that given a (flat) ABA framework yields an associated logic program with almost the same syntax whose semantics coincide with those of the ABA framework. That is, the 3-valued stable (respectively well-founded, regular, 2-valued stable, and ideal) models of the associated logic program coincide with the complete (respectively grounded, preferred, stable, and ideal) assumption labellings and extensions of the ABA framework. Moreover, we show how our results on the translation from ABA to LP can be reapplied for a reverse translation from LP to ABA, and observe that some of the existing results in the literature are in fact special cases of our work. Overall, we show that (flat) ABA frameworks can be seen as normal logic programs with a slightly different syntax. This implies that methods developed for one of these formalisms can be equivalently applied to the other by simply modifying the syntax.
Is immunising all patients with chronic lung disease in the community against influenza cost effective? Evidence from a general practice based clinical prospective cohort study in Utrecht, The Netherlands.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: There is little information on the potential benefit of immunising all patients with chronic lung disease in the community against influenza. The clinical effectiveness and economic benefit was established of the influenza vaccination programme in a general practice based cohort of adult patients with chronic lung disease followed up during the 1995/96 influenza A epidemic. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study from October 1995 to March 1996. SETTING: The study was undertaken in the Utrecht General Practices Network with six large group practices, covering a total population of approximately 50,000 patients in the Netherlands. PATIENTS: Computerised medical records of 1696 patients with chronic lung disease aged over 18 years with an indication for vaccination according to the Dutch GP guidelines were reviewed. MAIN RESULTS: The overall attack rate of any complication, including all cause death, low respiratory tract infection, and acute cardiac disease was 15%. Exacerbations of lung disease were most frequent (13%). Death, pneumonia, and acute cardiac disease were mainly limited to patients > or = 65 years. No effectiveness of the immunisation programme could be established in patients 18-64 years (n = 1066), after controlling for baseline prognosis in multivariable logistic regression analysis. In vaccinees > or = 65 years (n = 630), the occurrence of any complication was reduced by 50% (95% CI 17, 70%). The economic benefit was estimated at 50 Pounds per elderly vaccinee. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in the Netherlands immunisation of elderly patients with chronic lung disease against influenza is effective and cost-saving, hence these patients should be given high priority. More, preferably experimental, studies are needed to establish whether adult lung patients under 65 years in the community will also benefit from vaccination.
Assessing Network Service Profitability: Modeling From Market Science Perspective

Network service providers regularly conduct network planning and upgrade processes to keep their businesses profitable. The effectiveness of a network upgrade/planning decision is intrinsically tied to the ability of a provider to retain and grow its customer population. This paper examines the crucial linkage between network performance, customer satisfaction and profitability of network service, and presents an analytical modeling approach from market science perspective. We derive a generalized forecasting model that projects service profitability from the underlying network service infrastructure and the subscriber population. Through simulation studies and analysis, we show how such approach captures key factors and trends influencing service profitability and how it can significantly improve current network planning and upgrade processes.
Locating a Plausible Binding Site for an Open-Channel Blocker, GlyH-101, in the Pore of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator

High-throughput screening has led to the identification of small-molecule blockers of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, but the structural basis of blocker binding remains to be defined. We developed molecular models of the CFTR channel on the basis of homology to the bacterial transporter Sav1866, which could permit blocker binding to be analyzed in silico. The models accurately predicted the existence of a narrow region in the pore that is a likely candidate for the binding site of an open-channel pore blocker such as N-(2-naphthalenyl)-[(3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]glycine hydrazide (GlyH-101), which is thought to act by entering the channel from the extracellular side. As a more-stringent test of predictions of the CFTR pore model, we applied induced-fit, virtual, ligand-docking techniques to identify potential binding sites for GlyH-101 within the CFTR pore. The highest-scoring docked position was near two pore-lining residues, Phe337 and Thr338, and the rates of reactions of anionic, thiol-directed reagents with cysteines substituted at these positions were slowed in the presence of the blocker, consistent with the predicted repulsive effect of the net negative charge on GlyH-101. When a bulky phenylalanine that forms part of the predicted binding pocket (Phe342) was replaced with alanine, the apparent affinity of the blocker was increased ∼200-fold. A molecular mechanics-generalized Born/surface area analysis of GlyH-101 binding predicted that substitution of Phe342 with alanine would substantially increase blocker affinity, primarily because of decreased intramolecular strain within the blocker-protein complex. This study suggests that GlyH-101 blocks the CFTR channel by binding within the pore bottleneck.
Why Reject Creative Ideas? Fear as a Driver of Implicit Bias Against Creativity

Biases against creativity seem to be activated when people are motivated to reduce uncertainty. Drawing on the appraisal model of emotion, this study tested whether and how emotions with varying levels of uncertainty appraisals affect biases against creativity. This experimental study showed that fear, characterized by a high-uncertainty appraisal, promoted implicit, but not explicit, biases against creativity more strongly than low-uncertainty emotions such as anger and happiness. Compared with individuals who experienced anger and happiness, those who experienced fear provided lower creativity ratings because of their implicit biases against creativity. These results highlight the importance of considering emotions to understand the individuals’ biases against creativity and their recognition of creative ideas.
Nitrogen and Carbon Status Are Integrated at the Transcriptional Level by the Nitrogen Regulator NtrC In Vivo

ABSTRACT Nitrogen regulation in Escherichia coli is a model system for gene regulation in bacteria. Growth on glutamine as a sole nitrogen source is assumed to be nitrogen limiting, inferred from slow growth and strong NtrB/NtrC-dependent gene activation. However, we show that under these conditions, the intracellular glutamine concentration is not limiting but 5.6-fold higher than in ammonium-replete conditions; in addition, α-ketoglutarate concentrations are elevated. We address this glutamine paradox from a systems perspective. We show that the dominant role of NtrC is to regulate glnA transcription and its own expression, indicating that the glutamine paradox is not due to NtrC-independent gene regulation. The absolute intracellular NtrC and GS concentrations reveal molecular control parameters, where NtrC-specific activities were highest in nitrogen-starved cells, while under glutamine growth, NtrC showed intermediate specific activity. We propose an in vivo model in which α-ketoglutarate can derepress nitrogen regulation despite nitrogen sufficiency. IMPORTANCE Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for cell growth after carbon, and its metabolism is coordinated at the metabolic, transcriptional, and protein levels. We show that growth on glutamine as a sole nitrogen source, commonly assumed to be nitrogen limiting and used as such as a model system for nitrogen limitation, is in fact nitrogen replete. Our integrative quantitative analysis of key molecules involved in nitrogen assimilation and regulation reveal that glutamine is not necessarily the dominant molecule signaling nitrogen sufficiency and that α-ketoglutarate may play a more important role in signaling nitrogen status. NtrB/NtrC integrates α-ketoglutarate and glutamine signaling—sensed by the UTase (glnD) and PII (glnB), respectively—and regulates the nitrogen response through self-regulated expression and phosphorylation-dependent activation of the nitrogen (ntr) regulon. Our findings support α-ketoglutarate acting as a global regulatory metabolite. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for cell growth after carbon, and its metabolism is coordinated at the metabolic, transcriptional, and protein levels. We show that growth on glutamine as a sole nitrogen source, commonly assumed to be nitrogen limiting and used as such as a model system for nitrogen limitation, is in fact nitrogen replete. Our integrative quantitative analysis of key molecules involved in nitrogen assimilation and regulation reveal that glutamine is not necessarily the dominant molecule signaling nitrogen sufficiency and that α-ketoglutarate may play a more important role in signaling nitrogen status. NtrB/NtrC integrates α-ketoglutarate and glutamine signaling—sensed by the UTase (glnD) and PII (glnB), respectively—and regulates the nitrogen response through self-regulated expression and phosphorylation-dependent activation of the nitrogen (ntr) regulon. Our findings support α-ketoglutarate acting as a global regulatory metabolite.
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$EVWUDFWComputer-mediated Communication (CMC) has been commonly compared to face-to-face (FtF) communication in recent CMC literature. Research comparisons suggested depersonalizing effects of CMC. However, this experimental study indicates that CMC is a potentially viable mode of social-emotion-oriented communication. In this study, the effects of frequency and duration of messaging on impression development in CMC were investigated. Undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to each of the four experimental groups. For a period of two weeks, participants monitored discussion lists that differed in relation to the frequency and duration of messaging in asynchronous CMC environments. ANOVA results indicated that duration and frequency had significant main effects on impression development in asynchronous CMC environments. No interaction effects were found. The results of this study not only theoretically support the social-emotion-oriented model in CMC, but also lay foundations for further research in many popular types of interactive CMC environments, [ 1 ] This study was a portion of the first author's doctoral dissertation at Texas A&M University-Commerce in 2000. For detail information, please refer to Liu, Y. : " The effects of nonverbal cues on impression formation in computer-mediated communication: An exploratory study Impression formation is a significant aspect of human interpersonal communication and is one of the early and major topics within social psychology. Impression formation refers to the interpersonal process by which people employ all available information and make general judgments of other's personality characteristics. The idea of impression formation is usually associated with the work of Asch [Asch 1946]. Since Asch's original work, there has been additional research about impression formation in face-to-face (FtF) environments. Asch emphasized forming a unified impression of the entire person through his/her trait(s) in interpersonal communication. Most early impression formation research followed the assimilatory tradition [O'Keefe and Delia 1982]. This tradition investigated the determinants of differential accuracy in perception. This type of research focused on judgments of personality traits and used a research paradigm based upon the simple matching of perceivers and target responses to personality inventories and questionnaires. Since the 1980's, social cognition has contributed much to the study of impression formation. This is a major focus shift in impression research from the problem of accuracy to the problem of how inferences are formulated and constructed in forming overall evaluations and impressions of others [Hampson 1990; O'Keefe and Delia 1982]. Recent FtF research [Krauss and Fussell 1996; Kraut 1978] has consistently indicated that both nonverbal cues and …
Exploiting temporal influence in online recommendation

In this paper we give methods for time-aware music recommendation in a social media service with the potential of exploiting immediate temporal influences between users. We consider events when a user listens to an artist the first time and this event follows some friend listening to the same artist short time before. We train a blend of matrix factorization methods that model the relation of the influencer, the influenced and the artist, both the individual factor decompositions and their weight learned by variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Special care is taken since events of influence form a subset of the positive implicit feedback data and hence we have to cope with two different definitions of the positive and negative implicit training data. In addition, in the time-aware setting we have to use online learning and evaluation methods. While SGD can easily be trained online, evaluation is cumbersome by traditional measures since we will have potentially different top recommendations at different times. Our experiments are carried over the two-year "scrobble" history of 70,000 Last.fm users and show a 5% increase in recommendation quality by predicting temporal influences.
Electrophoretic sperm isolation: optimization of electrophoresis conditions and impact on oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to optimize the electrophoretic conditions that should be used for the effective isolation of functional human spermatozoa and to determine whether this method of isolating cells was associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage. METHODS Human spermatozoa were prepared by repeated centrifugation, discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and electrophoresis followed by assessments of sperm quality. RESULTS Systematic analysis of optimal electrophoresis conditions demonstrated that field strength was positively correlated with sperm recovery rates but negatively correlated with sperm movement, irrespective of whether the current or the voltage was held constant. This loss of functionality observed at high power settings was not associated with a major increase in superoxide generation or the induction of oxidative DNA damage. In contrast, discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation was shown to produce a significant rise in oxidative DNA base adduct expression in live cells (P < 0.05). As a result of these analyses, optimized electrophoretic conditions were defined that permitted sperm recovery rates of around 20%. These electrophoretically isolated cells were not only free of oxidative stress but exhibited significantly enhanced motility (P < 0.01) and vitality (P < 0.001) compared with the original samples. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that while field strength is positively correlated with sperm recovery rates; it is negatively associated with sperm motility. Optimized conditions are described that represent a balance between these opposing forces and permit the isolation of highly motile, vital sperm populations, free from the oxidative DNA damage associated with conventional density gradient centrifugation technologies.
Effect of posture on popliteal artery hemodynamics.

HYPOTHESIS Marked peripheral vasodilation and rubor characterize critically ischemic limbs on dependency. We believe that intermittent claudication is also associated with peripheral hemodynamic changes on postural alteration, which differ distinctly from normal. Evaluation of such differences and understanding of the underlying physiological derangements may be essential in the development of treatments for intermittent claudication. We comparatively assess the effect of posture on lower limb arterial hemodynamics in normal subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication (or Fontaine II) due to peripheral vascular disease, determined in the popliteal artery. DESIGN A cohort study. SETTING A university-associated tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-seven legs of 29 normal subjects (group A) and 50 legs of 36 patients with intermittent claudication (ankle-brachial index range, 0.39-0.76; median, 0.57) (group B). INTERVENTIONS Popliteal artery volume flow (vFl), mean velocity, and luminal diameter were measured on (1) recumbency, (2) sitting, and (3) return to recumbency in groups A and B using color duplex imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured on (1) recumbency, (2) sitting, and (3) return to recumbency. RESULTS Popliteal artery vFl in normal subjects decreased from 110 +/- 43 mL/min on recumbency to 57 +/- 27 mL/min on sitting (P<.001) and returned to 111 +/- 46 mL/ min on resumption of recumbency (P<.001). Similarly, in patients with intermittent claudication, vFl decreased from 113 +/- 52 mL/min on recumbency to 76 +/- 41 mL/min on sitting (P<.001) and increased on resumption of recumbency to 114 +/- 53 mL/min (P<.001). There was no difference (P = .97) in the vFl between the study groups on recumbency, but sitting vFl in normal subjects was significantly lower than in patients with intermittent claudication (P = .04). The mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and EDV displayed a similar pattern of change as vFl. The pulsatility index in both groups increased significantly on sitting (P<.001) and decreased on return to recumbency (P<.001). All data are given as mean +/- SD. CONCLUSIONS Lower limb arterial vFl, mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and EDV decrease significantly (P<.001) when posture is altered from recumbency to sitting, in normal subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication. A decrease in the EDV and an increase in the pulsatility index on sitting indicate enhancement of arterial resistance to flow secondary to peripheral vasoconstriction. Quantitative differences between the groups in vFl (P<.04), EDV (P<.01), and pulsatility index (P<.001) on dependency indicate that the orthostatic vasoactive response in patients with intermittent claudication is significantly subdued, reflecting a marked derangement in venoarteriolar response.
Log-Linear-Complexity GLRT-Optimal Noncoherent Sequence Detection for Orthogonal and RFID-Oriented Modulations

Orthogonal modulation, for example, frequency-shift keying (FSK) or pulse-position modulation (PPM), is primarily used in relatively-low-rate communication systems that operate in the power-limited regime. Optimal noncoherent detection of orthogonally modulated signals takes the form of sequence detection and has exponential (in the sequence length) complexity when implemented through an exhaustive search among all possible sequences. In this work, for the first time in the literature, we present an algorithm that performs generalized-likelihood-ratio-test (GLRT) optimal noncoherent sequence detection of orthogonally modulated signals in flat fading with log-linear (in the sequence length) complexity. Moreover, for Rayleigh fading channels, the proposed algorithm is equivalent to the maximum-likelihood (ML) noncoherent sequence detector. Simulation studies indicate that the optimal noncoherent FSK detector attains coherent-detection performance when the sequence length is on the order of 100, offering a 3-5 dB gain over the typical energy (single-symbol) detector. While the conventional exhaustive-search approach becomes infeasible for such sequence lengths, the proposed implementation requires a log-linear only number of operations, opening new avenues for practical deployments. Finally, we show that our algorithm also solves efficiently the optimal noncoherent sequence detection problem in contemporary radio frequency identification (RFID) systems.