Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Gendered Perspective on the Relationship Between Self-Control and Deviance

A consistent finding within criminology is the large sex gap in offending. Although research has examined this phenomenon extensively, the sex gap is still largely unexplained. This study proposes the sex gap in offending can be better understood through exploring the relationship between self-control and gender identity. Using data collected as part of the Tucson Youth Project, this study found gender identity was a crucial link between sex, self-control, and involvement in deviant behavior. Specifically, femininity was associated with greater self-control, and both these variables predicted deviance, even when controlling for sex. In contrast, masculinity had no effect on deviant behavior.
Error awareness and the error-related negativity: evaluating the first decade of evidence

From its discovery in the early 1990s until this day, the error-related negativity (ERN) remains the most widely investigated electrophysiological index of cortical error processing. When researchers began addressing the electrophysiology of subjective error awareness more than a decade ago, the role of the ERN, alongside the subsequently occurring error positivity (Pe), was an obvious locus of attention. However, the first two studies explicitly addressing the role of error-related event-related brain potentials (ERPs) would already set the tone for what still remains a controversy today: in contrast to the clear-cut findings that link the amplitude of the Pe to error awareness, the association between ERN amplitude and error awareness is vastly unclear. An initial study reported significant differences in ERN amplitude with respect to subjective error awareness, whereas the second failed to report this result, leading to a myriad of follow-up studies that seemed to back up or contradict either view. Here, I review those studies that explicitly dealt with the role of the error-related ERPs in subjective error awareness, and try to explain the differences in reported effects of error awareness on ERN amplitude. From the point of view presented here, different findings between studies can be explained by disparities in experimental design and data analysis, specifically with respect to the quantification of subjective error awareness. Based on the review of these results, I will then try to embed the error-related negativity into a widely known model of the implementation of access consciousness in the brain, the global neuronal workspace (GNW) model, and speculate as the ERN's potential role in such a framework. At last, I will outline future challenges in the investigation of the cortical electrophysiology of error awareness, and offer some suggestions on how they could potentially be addressed.
Brief Christian and Non‐Christian Rational‐Emotive Therapy With Depressed Christian Clients: An Exploratory Study

The current outcome study operationalized a brief “Christian” form of rational-emotive therapy (CRET) and compared the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment with a standard version of brief rational-emotive therapy (RET) with depressed Christian clients. Results indicated that both treatments were effective in reducing depression and automatic negative thoughts, while only the CRET reduced clients' irrational beliefs. No between-group differences were obtained for clients' perceptions of the counselor. Findings are discussed in terms of applied integration issues and the long-standing antagonism of rational-emotive philosophy toward religious beliefs.
Cognitive Aging: Activity Patterns and Maintenance Intentions

This study examined relationships between cognitive functioning in older people and 1) levels of mental, physical and social activities, and 2) intentions regarding maintenance of cognitive functioning. Participants (N = 145) were 70–91 years of age, varied in health status and socio-economic backgrounds. Current cognitive functioning was assessed by psychometric tests and real world problem solving tasks. Crystallized ability was indexed by the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Degree of involvement in mentally demanding activities was positively related to a fluid cognitive factor after effects of age, prior functioning, gender, health, and socio-economic status were accounted for. Social and physical activities were not related to the cognitive measures. Age effects on cognitive functioning were reduced among participants who reported undertaking activities intentionally to maintain cognitive functioning.
The Worldwide Founding of Ministries of Science and Technology, 1950–1990

This article explores the increasing involvement of the state in science, in particular the establishment of a new cabinet-level ministry for science and technology by 146 countries from 1950 to 1990. As confirmatory analyses to test hypotheses, I employ event history techniques—piecewise exponential models with period-specific effects. The results show that although internal, functional conditions exerted a positive influence on the adoption rate of science ministries during the earlier period (1950–70), institutional effects have become more influential over time (1971–90). The increasing institutional effects were supported by three findings. First, the baseline founding rate of science ministries during the later period is significantly higher than that of the earlier period, which indicates that the ministry of science and technology became an expected and legitimated governmental structure since the late 1960s. Second, the amount of global organizational discourse on science and national development has a positive and significant effect on the founding of science ministries throughout the world in the later period. Third, direct linkage to international science organizations and discourse, as measured by the number of memberships of each country in the International Council of Science Unions (ICSU), strongly affects the founding of science ministries during both periods and even more strongly during the latter one.
Phonemic awareness and letter knowledge in the child's acquisition of the alphabetic principle.

Cinq experiences analysent l'acquisition du principe de l'alphabet chez des enfants de 3 a 5 ans du point de vue des phonemes, des lettres et de leurs associations entre des mots nouveaux (phonemes percus en tant qu'elements separes, phonemes reconnus dans differents mots)
Self-consciousness and cognitive failures as predictors of coping in stressful episodes

Abstract Evidence suggests that self-focused attention and cognitive failures may have disruptive effects on the use of specific coping strategies in stressful situations. In this study the personality factors of private self-consciousness (dispositional self-attention) and cognitive failures were investigated in relation to coping processes in specific stressful episodes reported by 139 female nurses. Multiple regression analyses were run to test for personality predictors of problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and suppression-coping strategies. In examining the relationship between personality factors and coping the possible mediational role of subjects' appraisals (importance of the episode and perceptions of control) were investigated. The results showed significant negative correlations between self-attention and emotion-focused and problem-focused coping only in mixed controllability situations. A significant negative correlation between cognitive failures and suppression was similarly d.
Cdc 73 Subunit of Paf 1 Complex Contains C-terminal Ras-like Domain That Promotes Association of Paf 1 Complex with Chromatin *

Christopher G. Amrich, Christopher P. Davis, Walter P. Rogal, Margaret K. Shirra, Annie Heroux, Richard G. Gardner, Karen M. Arndt, and Andrew P. VanDemark From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, the Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
STUDIES ON CILIA

This study confirms and extends previous work on the lateral cilia of the fresh-water mussel, Elliptio complanatus, in support of a "sliding filament" mechanism of ciliary motility wherein peripheral filaments (microtubules) do not change length during beat (see Satir, 1967). Short sequences of serial sections of tips are examined in control (nonbeating) and activated (metachronal wave) preparations. Several different tip types, functional rather than morphogenetic variants, are demonstrated, but similarly bent cilia have similar tips. The peripheral filaments are composed of two subfibers: a and b. The bent regions of cilia are in the form of circular arcs, and apparent differences in subfiber-b length at the tip are those predicted solely by geometry of the stroke without the necessity of assuming filament contraction. Various subfibers b apparently move with respect to one another during beat, since small systematic variations in relative position can be detected from cilium to cilium. While subfiber-b lengths are uniform throughout, subfiber-a lengths are morphologically different for each filament: 8 and 3 are about 0.8 µ longer than 1, 4 and 5, but each unique length is independent of stroke position or tip type. Subfiber-a does not contract, nor does it move, e.g. slide, with respect to subfiber-b of the same doublet. The central pair of filaments extends to the tip of the cilium where its members fuse. Subunit assembly in ciliary microtubules is evidently precise. This may be of importance in establishing the relationships needed for mechanochemical interactions that produce sliding and beat.
Herpes Simplex Virus Nucleocapsids Mature to Progeny Virions by an Envelopment → Deenvelopment → Reenvelopment Pathway

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus (HSV) nucleocapsids acquire an envelope by budding through the inner nuclear membrane, but it is uncertain whether this envelope is retained during virus maturation and egress or whether mature progeny virions are derived by deenvelopment at the outer nuclear membrane followed by reenvelopment in a cytoplasmic compartment. To resolve this issue, we used immunogold electron microscopy to examine the distribution of glycoprotein D (gD) in cells infected with HSV-1 encoding a wild-type gD or a gD which is retrieved to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In cells infected with wild-type HSV-1, extracellular virions and virions in the perinuclear space bound approximately equal amounts of gD antibody. In cells infected with HSV-1 encoding an ER-retrieved gD, the inner and outer nuclear membranes were heavily gold labeled, as were perinuclear enveloped virions. Extracellular virions exhibited very little gold decoration (10- to 30-fold less than perinuclear virions). We conclude that the envelope of perinuclear virions must be lost during maturation and egress and that mature progeny virions must acquire an envelope from a post-ER cytoplasmic compartment. We noted also that gD appears to be excluded from the plasma membrane in cells infected with wild-type virus.
Demographic and personality assessment in relation to suicidal ideation in depressive disorders

Background Suicidal ideation is common in depressive disorders, but only moderately related to depression severity. To prevent suicidal behavior, it is important to better understand the personality traits associated with suicidal ideation because prediction and assessment of suicidal ideation in depressed patients is an essential factor for proper management. Objective We aimed to assess some demographic profile and personality traits in relation to suicidal ideation in depressive disorders. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Inpatient Ward and the Outpatient Clinic of the Psychiatry Department, Zagazig University Hospitals, Sharkia, Egypt, during the period from January 2013 to June 2014. Seventy patients (46 female and 24 male), age from 18 to 60 years, with depressive disorders diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) were subjected to a screening using the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation and the Eysenck′s Personality Questionnaire (Arabic version). Results 65.7% of the patients included in the study had suicidal ideation during the course of their illness. Female patients, patients who were divorced, widowed, or married, and those with more than 6 years of education had high rates of suicidal ideation. Also, there was a statistically significant relation between suicidal ideation and Psychoticism and Neuroticism personality domains. Conclusion Suicide ideations are common among patients with depressive disorders and are associated with neurotic and psychotic personality traits.
Leptin-adiponectin imbalance as a marker of metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents: The BCAMS study

Purpose Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance, both involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). We aimed to investigate whether leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A), as a marker of these two adipokines imbalance, may improve diagnosis of MS in children and adolescents, and determined its cut-off value in the diagnosis of MS. Methods A total of 3,428 subjects aged 6–18 years were selected from Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study. Adipokine leptin and adiponectin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Odds ratio of MS per 1 z-score of adipokine was examined using logistic regression. Diagnosis accuracy was assessed using c-statistics (AUC) and net reclassification index. Results The levels of leptin and L/A increased with number of positive MS components, while the levels of adiponectin declined in both boys and girls (all P <0.001). AUCs for diagnosis of MS in girls were 0.793, 0.773, and 0.689 using L/A, leptin and adiponectin, respectively; and AUCs in boys were 0.822, 0.798, and 0.697 for L/A, leptin and adiponectin, respectively. Notably, L/A outperformed individual leptin or adiponectin in discriminating a diagnosis of MS (all P < 0.02 in AUC comparisons). In addition, the optimal cut-offs of L/A by ROC curve differed by genders and pubertal stages, which were 1.63, 1.28, 1.95 and 1.53 ng/ug for total, pre-, mid- and postpubertal boys, respectively and 2.19, 0.87,1.48 and 2.27 ng/ug for total, pre-, mid- and postpubertal girls, respectively, yielding high sensitivity and moderate specificity for a screening test. Conclusions In this pediatric population, leptin-adiponectin imbalance, as reflected by an increase in L/A level, was found to be a better diagnostic biomarker for MS than leptin or adiponectin alone. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further validate the gender-specific cutoff values.
A Model for Stakeholders’ Influence on Internationalization

This article aims to discuss stakeholders’ influence on higher education institutions’ (HEIs) internationalization, through an analysis of the relationships established between stakeholders’ importance and the institutions’ rationales for internationalization, the strategies developed for internationalization, and the benefits from internationalization. Data for this study were collected in 80 Portuguese, Dutch, and Brazilian HEIs, using a questionnaire adapted from the 2nd and 3rd International Survey of Internationalization of the International Association of Universities. The results obtained from a descriptive–correlational treatment of the data allowed developing and proposing a typology for stakeholders’ classification and a model for their influence on internationalization.
Cultural and pedagogical implications of a global e‐learning programme

An eleven country internal evaluation of the Cisco Networking Academy program across Europe, the Middle East and Africa, revealed a number of issues related to the globalization of e‐learning. The Academy program is a 280‐hour web‐based course that teaches students to install, maintain and troubleshoot computer networks. It was developed in the US by educators and Cisco network specialists and is taught in educational institutions in over 150 countries worldwide. Hitherto research on cultural influences on teaching and learning have been limited to overseas students being taught in an unfamiliar culture or online by teachers with unfamiliar pedagogical strategies. Through interviews with both students and teachers and observation in classrooms, this study reveals how important local tutors are in helping students adapt to the style of the material and to make a course developed in another country both culturally and pedagogically relevant.
Mechanism of phytohormone involvement in feedback regulation of cotton leaf senescence induced by potassium deficiency

To elucidate the phytohormonal basis of the feedback regulation of leaf senescence induced by potassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), two cultivars contrasting in sensitivity to K deficiency were self- and reciprocally grafted hypocotyl-to-hypocotyl, using standard grafting (one scion grafted onto one rootstock), Y grafting (two scions grafted onto one rootstock), and inverted Y grafting (one scion grafted onto two rootstocks) at the seedling stage. K deficiency (0.03mM for standard and Y grafting, and 0.01mM for inverted Y grafting) increased the root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration by 1.6- to 3.1-fold and xylem ABA delivery rates by 1.8- to 4.6-fold. The K deficiency also decreased the delivery rates of xylem cytokinins [CKs; including the zeatin riboside (ZR) and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) type] by 29–65% and leaf CK concentration by 16–57%. The leaf ABA concentration and xylem ABA deliveries were consistently greater in CCRI41 (more sensitive to K deficiency) than in SCRC22 (less sensitive to K deficiency) scions under K deficiency, and ZR- and iPA-type levels were consistently lower in the former than in the latter, irrespective of rootstock cultivar or grafting type, indicating that cotton shoot influences the levels of ABA and CKs in leaves and xylem sap. Because the scions had little influence on phytohormone levels in the roots (rootstocks) of all three types of grafts and rootstock xylem sap (collected below the graft union) of Y and inverted Y grafts, it appears that the site for basipetal feedback signal(s) involved in the regulation of xylem phytohormones is the hypocotyl of cotton seedlings. Also, the target of this feedback signal(s) is more likely to be the changes in xylem phytohormones within tissues of the hypocotyl rather than the export of phytohormones from the roots.
Performativity, Faith and Professional Identity: Student Religious Education Teachers and The Ambiguities of Objectivity

Abstract This paper considers the way in which Christian Religious Education (RE) teachers articulate the difficulties and challenges they experience both in school and with their peers as they navigate their way through their Initial Teacher Education. The paper offers a unique exploration of the relationship between elements of the three discourses of faith identity, emerging professional identity and the requirements of a performative teacher training context. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 184 student RE teachers across three universities. It became clear that all students interpreted the Standards and policy guidelines ambiguously, as being value-laden or value-free. The idea of the ‘good teacher’ as someone who was, by very definition, neutral and objective immediately made the faith position of students problematic. This is a key point in relation to the notion of performativity and education and the disproportionate impact it made on Christian students. It appeared as though many Christian students were concerned to stress that although their faith was personally important for them it was not something that contributed to their understanding of a ‘good teacher’.
When Do Scientists Become Entrepreneurs? The Social Structural Antecedents of Commercial Activity in the Academic Life Sciences1

The authors examine the conditions prompting university‐employed life scientists to become entrepreneurs, defined to occur when a scientist (1) founds a biotechnology company, or (2) joins the scientific advisory board of a new biotechnology firm. This study draws on theories of social influence, socialization, and status dynamics to examine how proximity to colleagues in commercial science influences individuals’ propensity to transition to entrepreneurship. To expose the mechanisms at work, this study also assesses how proximity effects change over time as for‐profit science diffuses through the academy. Using adjusted proportional hazards models to analyze case‐cohort data, the authors find evidence that the orientation toward commercial science of individuals’ colleagues and coauthors, as well as a number of other workplace attributes, significantly influences scientists’ hazards of transitioning to for‐profit science.
Visfatin as a Novel Mediator Released by Inflamed Human Endothelial Cells

Background Visfatin is a multifaceted adipokine whose circulating levels are enhanced in different metabolic diseases. Extracellular visfatin can exert various deleterious effects on vascular cells, including inflammation and proliferation. Limited evidence exists, however, on the capacity of human vascular cells to synthesize and release visfatin by themselves, under basal or pro-inflammatory conditions. Methods and Results Intracellular visfatin was detected by Western blot in non-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). However, exposing HUVEC for 18 h to a series of pro-inflammatory stimulus, such as interleukin (IL)-1β (1 to 10 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor-α (1 to 10 ng/mL) or angiotensin II (10 pmol/L to 1 μmol/L) markedly enhanced intracellular visfatin content. Using IL-1β (10 ng/mL; 18 h), it was determined that the increase in intracellular visfatin, which was paralleled by enhanced visfatin mRNA levels, relied on a signalling mechanism involving both nuclear factor-κB and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 activation. Moreover, IL-1β modified the sub-cellular localization of visfatin; while in non-stimulated HUVEC immunoreactive visfatin predominantly showed an intra-nuclear granular pattern, in IL-1β-inflamed cells an extra-nuclear filamentous staining, co-localising with F-actin fibers and suggesting a secretory pattern, was mainly found. Indeed, IL-1β promoted visfatin secretion, as determined by both ELISA and immunocytochemistry. Conclusions Human endothelial cells synthesize and release visfatin, particularly in response to inflammation. We suggest that the inflamed endothelium can be a source of visfatin, which arises as a local inflammatory mediator and a potential therapeutic target to interfere with vascular inflammation.
Dictionary of race and ethnic relations

Issues of ethnicity and racial relations are almost universally seen as one of the prime motivating forces behind social conflict and change. The often volatile and complex nature of racial interaction resonates through all aspects of modern society. Even social issues which appear to have little or no connection with race often become entangled with ethnic friction to create far more complex problems. Race is also used as a powerful weapon by individuals and political organizations to serve their own agenda. It is these issues that the "Dictionary of Race and Ethic Relations" addresses. Enormous changes have taken place in the area of race and ethnic relations since the 1988 publication of the second edition of this reference. For this edition, a total revision has taken place with most of the entries newly written or substantially revised. The comprehensive range of alphabetically arranged entries cover legal concerns, historical developments, and important figures and concepts. The "Dictionary" deals with these changes through in-depth articles which both define and analyze the terms.