Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How much is too much? A case report of nutritional supplement use of a high-performance athlete

Although dietary nutrient intake is often adequate, nutritional supplement use is common among elite athletes. However, high-dose supplements or the use of multiple supplements may exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of particular nutrients or even result in a daily intake above tolerable upper limits (UL). The present case report presents nutritional intake data and supplement use of a highly trained male swimmer competing at international level. Habitual energy and micronutrient intake were analysed by 3 d dietary reports. Supplement use and dosage were assessed, and total amount of nutrient supply was calculated. Micronutrient intake was evaluated based on RDA and UL as presented by the European Scientific Committee on Food, and maximum permitted levels in supplements (MPL) are given. The athlete's diet provided adequate micronutrient content well above RDA except for vitamin D. Simultaneous use of ten different supplements was reported, resulting in excess intake above tolerable UL for folate, vitamin E and Zn. Additionally, daily supplement dosage was considerably above MPL for nine micronutrients consumed as artificial products. Risks and possible side effects of exceeding UL by the athlete are discussed. Athletes with high energy intake may be at risk of exceeding UL of particular nutrients if multiple supplements are added. Therefore, dietary counselling of athletes should include assessment of habitual diet and nutritional supplement intake. Educating athletes to balance their diets instead of taking supplements might be prudent to prevent health risks that may occur with long-term excess nutrient intake.
Kicking away the ladder : development strategy in historical perspective

Chang, como vem fazendo desde a publicação como livro de sua tese de doutorado, em 1994, continua fundamentando teórica e empiricamente as políticas industriais e a intervenção estatal nas economias, na busca incessante por demonstrar as falácias teóricas e históricas que os liberais freqüentemente utilizam em suas argumentações. Tais preocupações se mantêm em seu novo livro, “Kicking Away the Ladder: Policies and Institutions for Economic Development in Historical Perspective”, disponível, a partir de agosto, em algumas livrarias virtuais. O livro, que trata sobretudo do lado empírico mencionado acima, mas com algumas incursões teóricas, praticamente se divide em duas partes: na primeira (concentrada no segundo capítulo), Chang mostra como os Países
Un-locking the potential for change: community mobilization for sustainable community development

Canadian communities are being forced to integrate planning for global issues (e.g. climate change and trade agreements) into systems that are already struggling with increased infrastructure costs, dwindling natural resources, and land-use development conflicts. Many are turning to sustainable community development as a means of integrating planning priorities, improving public participation, leveraging resources, and generating creative and practical solutions to shared economic, environmental, and social problems. However, despite integrating sustainable development principles into their planning and decision-making processes, few have succeeded in translating high-level sustainability goals and objectives into tangible projects in their communities. Why are some communities more successful at bridging the planning – implementation gap than others? This dissertation research develops a framework for mobilization for sustainable community development consisting of actors, motivations, and decision-making processes to explore the role of community mobilization in award winning sustainability case studies in urban (Toronto and Surrey), rural (Craik, Sk.) and First Nations (Rolling River, MB) contexts. The findings from the research stress the importance of linking institutional capacity and community-based processes in order to bridge the gap between planning and implementation. Linking institutional and community –based
Fonofos Exposure and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study

Background The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993–1997 and followed for incident cancer through 2002. A previous investigation in this cohort linked exposure to the organophosphate fonofos with incident prostate cancer in subjects with family history of prostate cancer. Objectives This finding along with findings of associations between organophosphate pesticides and cancer more broadly led to this study of fonofos and risk of any cancers among 45,372 pesticide applicators enrolled in the AHS. Methods Pesticide exposure and other data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while controlling for potential confounders. Results Relative to the unexposed, leukemia risk was elevated in the highest category of lifetime (RR = 2.24; 95% CI, 0.94–5.34, ptrend = 0.07) and intensity-weighted exposure-days (RR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.06–6.70, ptrend = 0.04), a measure that takes into account factors that modify pesticide exposure. Although prostate cancer risk was unrelated to fonofos use overall, among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer, we observed a significant dose–response trend for lifetime exposure-days (ptrend = 0.02, RR highest tertile vs. unexposed = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.03–3.05; RRinteraction = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.07–1.54). Intensity-weighted results were similar. No associations were observed with other examined cancer sites. Conclusions Further study is warranted to confirm findings with respect to leukemia and determine whether genetic susceptibility modifies prostate cancer risk from pesticide exposure.
New Insights into Price�?Setting Behaviour in the UK: Introduction and Survey Results

This article introduces the other contributions in this Feature which use individual price data to investigate the extent of pricing rigidities in the UK. It also reports the most relevant results of a new survey of the price‐setting behaviour that we have conducted for the UK, including details about why prices are sticky. The articles consider whether the microdata or survey results are consistent with particular theories of price setting. Our results suggest that there is heterogeneity in price‐setting behaviour, which is ignored in typical ‘representative agent’ models.
Local effects of O2 and CO2 on limb, renal, and coronary vascular resistances.

DAUGHERTY, ROBERT M. , JR., JERRY B. SCOTT, JOE M. DABNEY, AND FRANCIS J. HADDY. Local effects of 02 and CO2 on limb, renal, and coronary; vascular resistances. Am. J. Physiol. 213(5): 1102-l 110. 1967. -The effects of local changes in the tension of oxygen and carbon dioxide on forelimb, renal, and coronary vascular resistances and left ventricular contractile force were studied by passing blood, without reservoirs, through an isolated ventilated lung and perfusing it into the bed’s arterial supply at a constant rate. Effects of changes in flow on resistance while perfusing with deoxygenated blood were also studied. Forelimb and coronary resistances and contractile force were unaffected by any Peg above 40 mm Hg but were quickly reduced by a POZ below this level. Renal resistance fell only with prolonged severe hypoxemia. Elevation of carbon dioxide tension produced a fall in forelimb, renal, and coronary resistances and force. The autoregulation seen on elevation of flow was still observed in the kidney perfused with hypoxemic blood (PO:! > 10 mm Hg). While this response was not seen in the coronary bed, myocardial activity greatly improved upon elevation of flow with hypoxemic blood. These findings indicate that oxygen and carbon dioxide are locally vasoactive but that they cannot individually account for all types of local regulation.
Developing Culturally Based Science Curriculum for Native American Classrooms

This paper provides an overview of an academically rigorous, culturally relevant and responsive curriculum and instruction model that is based on the Native Science Connections Research Project (NSCRP) and funded by the National Science Foundation. The model is action and inquiry oriented as well as culturally based and integrates or “connects” Native students’ traditional culture knowledge with Western science for fifth grade students in public, contract and BIA schools on the Navajo, Hopi, San Carlos Apache and Zuni reservations. One school principal stated, “the NSCRP brings purpose and meaning to what the students are doing because it integrates Navajo thought and content with Western content. It honors who the students are.it [also] strengthened our teachers’ self-confidence about using their native language and culture. ”
Striking a Blow for Sanity in Theories of Rationality

I took the title of this chapter from an email Herbert A. Simon sent me in May 1999. In this email, he wrote a statement for the back cover of Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart in which he commented: “I think the book strikes a great blow for sanity in the approach to rationality [and shows] why more than minor tampering with existing optimization theory is called for. ” But Herb wouldn’t be Herb if he hadn’t added “and you wouldn’t believe I had ever skimmed the volume if I didn’t fi nd SOMETHING to disagree with. ” And so he continued, pointing out that he hadn’t found the expert/novice topic treated, that scientifi c discovery would have been a great example for ill-structured domains … Bringing sanity into theories of rationality was a major guideline in Herbert Simon’s scientifi c life. However, as he himself was prepared to admit, sanity in rationality entered his thinking as a negatively defi ned concept, a kind of black box that contained everything that was not optimization. What he opposed has various names: full rationality, substantial rationality, maximization of expected utility, Homo economicus, or simply optimization. What he proposed had its seeds in his revised dissertation, Administrative Behavior (1947), and eventually became termed bounded rationality, satisfi cing, or procedural rationality. Because of its initial vague defi nition, bounded rationality, however, came to mean many things to many people.
Improving School Leadership

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Note on curves in a Jacobian

For a curve C, viewed as a cycle in its Jacobian, we study its image n_*C under multiplication by n on JC. We prove that the subgroup generated by these cycles, in the Chow group modulo algebraic equivalence, has rank at most d-1, where d is the gonality of C. We also discuss some general facts on the action of n_* on the Chow groups.
Economic voting and electoral volatility in Turkish provinces

Two groups of questions were addressed in this paper: (1) Is voter punishment of the incumbent the primary factor in electoral volatility? Are there any other types of vote swings that underlie volatility? (2) In general, does a decline in economic growth destabilize voter behavior? If so, what kinds of vote swings does an economic downturn tend to generate? Provincial-level panel data analysis yielded the following results: (1) Changes in volatility is primarily due to vote swings from the incumbent to the opposition and also to and from left-wing and right-wing parties. (2) Lower economic growth increases electoral volatility. Economic decline induces vote swings not only from the government to the opposition but also from left-wing to right-wing parties. This is probably because right-wing parties seem more concerned with economic issues and are thus more popular than left-wing parties with lower-income voters.
Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program - Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes

To understand the formation and evolution of solar-type stars in the solar neighborhood, we need to measure their stellar parameters to high accuracy. We present a catalogue of accurate stellar parameters for 451 stars that represent the HARPS Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) “high precision” sample. Spectroscopic stellar parameters were measured using high signal-to-noise ($S/N$) spectra acquired with the HARPS spectrograph. The spectroscopic analysis was completed assuming LTE with a grid of Kurucz atmosphere models and the recent ARES code for measuring line equivalent widths. We show that our results agree well with those ones presented in the literature (for stars in common). We present a useful calibration for the effective temperature as a function of the index color $B-V$ and [Fe/H]. We use our results to study the metallicity-planet correlation, namely for very low mass planets. The results presented here suggest that in contrast to their jovian couterparts, neptune-like planets do not form preferentially around metal-rich stars. The ratio of jupiter-to-neptunes is also an increasing function of stellar metallicity. These results are discussed in the context of the core-accretion model for planet formation.
On isolated smooth curves of low genera in Calabi-Yau complete intersection threefolds

Building on results of Clemens and Kley, we find criteria for a continuous family of curves in a nodal K-trivial threefold Y0 to deform to a scheme of finitely many smooth isolated curves in a general deformation Yt of Y0. As an application, we show the existence of smooth isolated curves of bounded genera and unbounded degrees in Calabi-Yau complete intersections threefolds.
Modelling time-varying correlations of financial markets

In this report we examine time-varying correlations of asset returns using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) models, recently proposed by Engle (2002), that are estimated by a two-step procedure. First, we conclude that correlations vary considerably over time. Secondly, the conditional correlations exhibit significantly asymmetric effects for positive and negative asset return shocks. These asymmetric effects differ between stocks and bonds however. Thirdly, the loss of efficiency by using the two-step procedure is relatively large for the standard DCC model, but this procedure reduces the computational burden for the extended specifications. Finally, we compared the standard DCC model to other multivariate GARCH models. The DCC model seems to outperform the alternatives.
Fibronectin-4 1 Integrin Interactions Regulate Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Steatotic Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major cause of the highly dysfunctional rate observed in marginal steatotic orthotopic liver transplantation. In this study, we document that the interactions between fibronectin, a key extracellular matrix protein, and its integrin receptor 4 1, expressed on leukocytes, specifically up-regulated the expression and activation of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) in a wellestablished steatotic rat liver model of ex vivo ice-cold ischemia followed by isotransplantation. The presence of the active form of MMP-9 was accompanied by massive intragraft leukocyte infiltration, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, and impaired liver function. Interestingly, MMP-9 activity in steatotic liver grafts was, to a certain extent, independent of the expression of its natural inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Moreover, the blockade of fibronectin4 1-integrin interactions inhibited the expression/activation of MMP-9 in steatotic orthotopic liver transplantations without significantly affecting the expression of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, gelatinase A). Finally, we identified T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages as major sources of MMP-9 in steatotic liver grafts. Hence, these findings reveal a novel aspect of the function of fibronectin4 1 integrin interactions that holds significance for the successful use of marginal steatotic livers in transplantation. (Am J Pathol 2007, 170:567–577; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060456)
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Tumor Cell Lines: The Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil-Derived Elastase

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently associated with fibrosis and a prominent inflammatory infiltrate in the desmoplastic stroma. Moreover, in PDAC, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is observed. To explore a possible connection between the infiltrating cells, particularly the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and the tumor cell transition, biopsies of patients with PDAC (n = 115) were analysed with regard to PMN infiltration and nuclear expression of β-catenin and of ZEB1, well-established indicators of EMT. In biopsies with a dense PMN infiltrate, a nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and of ZEB1 was observed. To address the question whether PMN could induce EMT, they were isolated from healthy donors and were cocultivated with pancreatic tumor cells grown as monolayers. Rapid dyshesion of the tumor cells was seen, most likely due to an elastase-mediated degradation of E-cadherin. In parallel, the transcription factor TWIST was upregulated, β-catenin translocated into the nucleus, ZEB1 appeared in the nucleus, and keratins were downregulated. EMT was also induced when the tumor cells were grown under conditions preventing attachment to the culture plates. Here, also in the absence of elastase, E-cadherin was downmodulated. PMN as well as prevention of adhesion induced EMT also in liver cancer cell line. In conclusion, PMN via elastase induce EMT in vitro, most likely due to the loss of cell-to-cell contact. Because in pancreatic cancers the transition to a mesenchymal phenotype coincides with the PMN infiltrate, a contribution of the inflammatory response to the induction of EMT and—by implication—to tumor progression is possible.
God's rule : the politics of world religions

Introduction: Religion and Politics -- A Volatile MixWilliam Scott Green 1. JudaismJacob Neusner 2. Primitive and Early ChristianityBruce Chilton 3. Catholic ChristianityCharles E. Curran 4. Orthodox ChristianityPetros Vassiliadis 5. Reformation ChristianityMartin E. Marty 6. Classical IslamJohn L. Esposito and Natana J. De Long-Bas 7. Modern IslamJohn L. Esposito and Natana J. De Long-Bas 8. HinduismBrian K. Smith 9. ConfucianismMark A. Csikszentmihalyi 10. BuddhismTodd Lewis ConclusionTodd Lewis
Can Simple Optical Switching Fabrics Scale to Terabit per Second Switch Capacities?

The design of fabrics for terabit packet switches and routers needs to consider the limitations imposed by electronic technologies. In particular, attention has to be paid to information density and to power consumption and dissipation, as well as to power supply and footprint requirements. Optical technologies can overcome some of these limitations. We analyze the use of optical fabrics to interconnect line cards in terabit packet switches and routers. For this purpose, single-plane and multiplane optical interconnection architectures are proposed that exploit wavelength agility at line cards to implement the required switching functionality. The physical-layer scalability and feasibility of these architectures are studied by using realistic models, mostly based on the characteristics of commercially available optoelectronic devices. As a result, the considered architectures can be characterized in terms of power budget and signal-to-noise ratio, enabling the computation of the maximum achievable port count and aggregate switching capacity. Our results show that aggregate capacities of the order of a few terabits per second are possible in very simple optical switching fabrics and that the multiplane architectures permit a complexity trade-off between the wavelength and space domains, making the overall design more feasible.
Labor regulations and the informal economy

The informal economy, which evades labor regulations, provides employment for much of the labor force in developing countries. The author explores how labor regulations and imperfections in informal capital markets affect income inequality and the speed of industrialization. Empirical evidence shows that labor costs are higher in the formal sector, and that the cost of capital is higher in the informal sector (in part because many informal activities are illegal, so contracts are unenforceable). The author develops a theoretical model based on such factor-cost asymmetry. He applies it to an urban economy with and without ample supplies of labor from the rural sector. The dynamic analysis considers rural-urban migration and optimal capital accumulation. He finds the following. First, labor regulations that mandate workers' compensation above its market-dictated level induce the formation of an informal sector and thus the dispersion of wages across homogeneous workers. And labor regulations slow capital accumulation and retard the process of rural-urban migration. Second, when capital allocation to informal producers becomes more efficient, the informal sector expands relative to the formal sector, the gap between formal and informal wages narrows, and rural-urban migration speeds up. Finally, policies with an urban bias hasten rural-urban migration, inducing an expansion of the informal labor force relative to the total labor force. Post-World War II experience in informal economies in Latin America motivates and in some respects supports the theoretical findings, says the author.
Trichophyton rubrum infections according to age, anatomical distribution and sex

Trichophyton rubrum caused 79.2% of the cases of dermatophytosis observed in a sample of caucasoids from Philadelphia. Tinea pedis was found in 84% of the female and male patients with dermatophytosis. Tinea manuum occurred with equal frequency in both sexes whereas tinea unguium was more prevalent in females. Tinea cruris occurred almost exclusively in males. Infections of two or more anatomical sites were observed more frequently in males. The data are compared with those reported by Rosman (1966) from a similar study done in Copenhagen.