Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Motivasi Kerja, Kompetensi, Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Bandung.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership, motivation, competence on the performance of employees at PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Branch Bandung. This research study conducted by census (research population) at the PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Branch Bandung. The method used is the path analysis. Total respondents were 198 employees. The analysis of this study are as follows : an overview of transformational leadership, reaching an average score of 3,68 according to the table of achievement criteria average score balanced included in both categories and were in the range 3,29 to 3,84 according to the criteria of achievement scores table which including a pretty good nature towards good category. Overview of work motivation to achieve a score of 3,77 according to the criteria table achievement scores, the average score is included in both categories and were in the range 3,26 to 4,23 in accordance with the table of achievement criteria scores are included in the criteria quite well to the excellent. Overview of competence achieved an average score of 3,72 according to the criteria table achievement scores, the average is including in both categories and are in the range 3,18 – 4,08 in accordance with the criteria table included in the criteria scores quite well to the good. Overview of employee performance achieved an average score of 3,77, according to the criteria table achievement scores, the average score is included in both categories, and were in thr range 3,19 to 4,18, according to the table of achievement criteria scores are included in thr category quite well to the good. The result of calculation of the coefficient of determination which is expressed as a percentage of the contribution of variables describe traansformasional leadership, motivation, competence in determining the performance of employees. Keywords: transformasional leadership, motivation, competence, performance of employees.
Efficacy and Safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for Acute Diarrhea

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii for treatment of childhood diarrhea remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review data on the effect of S. boulardii on acute childhood diarrhea. METHODS: Our data sources included Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library up to September 2013 without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized trials that evaluated effectiveness of S. boulardii for treatment of acute diarrhea in children were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies for eligibility and quality and extracted the data. RESULTS: In total, 1248 articles were identified, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. Pooling data from trials showed that S. boulardii significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea (mean difference [MD], −19.7 hours; 95% confidence interval [CI], −26.05 to −13.34), stool frequency on day 2 (MD, −0.74; 95% CI, −1.38 to −0.10) and day 3 (MD, −1.24; 95% CI, −2.13 to −0.35), the risk for diarrhea on day 3 (risk ratio [RR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.60) and day 4 (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.59) after intervention compared with control. The studies included in this review were varied in the definition of diarrhea, the termination of diarrhea, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: This review and meta-analysis show that S. boulardii is safe and has clear beneficial effects in children who have acute diarrhea. However, additional studies using head-to-head comparisons are needed to define the best dosage of S. boulardii for diarrhea with different causes.
Rent Indices for Housing in West Germany 1985 to 1998

In several studies, hedonic methods have been used successfully for the ex post assessment of the accuracy of inflation measurement. Most of these studies relate to high-tech products, with respect to which traditional methods of compiling price indices often fail. We apply hedonic methods to rental housing services, which display less quality progress. However, as German households spend about 10 % of total expenditure on housing rents, even a small bias in this field might induce a substantial distortion in overall inflation measurement. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we per- form an hedonic analysis of housing rents and compile different price indices. Overall, we conclude that there is some evidence of an understatement of rent inflation in the official rent index for West Germany at the beginning of the 1990s.
Remarks on the entanglement entropy for disconnected regions

Few facts are known about the entanglement entropy for disconnected regions in quantum field theory. We study here the property of extensivity of the mutual information, which holds for free massless fermions in two dimensions. We uncover the structure of the entropy function in the extensive case, and find an interesting connection with the renormalization group irreversibility. The solution is a function on space-time regions which complies with all the known requirements a relativistic entropy function has to satisfy. We show that the holographic ansatz of Ryu and Takayanagi, the free scalar and Dirac fields in dimensions greater than two, and the massive free fields in two dimensions all fail to be exactly extensive, disproving recent conjectures.
Measurements of O 3 , NO 2 and BrO during the INDOEX campaign using ground based DOAS and GOME satellite data

The INDian Ocean EXperiment (INDOEX) was an international, multi-platform field campaign to measure long-range transport of air masses from South and South- East-(SE) Asia towards the Indian Ocean. During the dry monsoon season between January and March 1999, local measurements were carried out from ground based platforms and were compared with satellite based data. The objec- tive of this study was to characterise stratospheric and tro- pospheric trace gas amounts in the equatorial region, and to investigate the impact of air pollution at this remote site. For the characterisation of the chemical composition of the outflow from the S-SE-Asian region, we performed ground based dual-axis-DOAS (Differential Optical Absorp- tion Spectroscopy) measurements at the KCO (Kaashidhoo Climate Observatory) in the Maldives (5.0 N, 73.5 E). The measurements were conducted using two different observa- tion modes (off-axis and zenith-sky). This technique allows the separation of the tropospheric and stratospheric columns for different trace gases like O 3 and NO2. These dual-axis DOAS data were compared with O3-sonde measurements performed at KCO and satellite based GOME (Global Ozone Measuring Experiment) data during the intensive measur- ing phase of the INDOEX campaign in February and March 1999. From GOME observations, tropospheric and strato- spheric columns for O3 and NO2 were retrieved. In addi- tion, the analysis of the O3-sonde measurements allowed the determination of the tropospheric O3 amount. The compari- son shows that the results of all three measurement systems agree within their error limits. During the INDOEX cam- paign, mainly background conditions were observed, but in a single case an increase of tropospheric NO2 during a short pollution event was observed from the ground and the impact on the vertical columns was calculated. GOME measure- ments showed evidence for small tropospheric contributions to the BrO budget, probably located in the free troposphere and present over long periods of the year. The amounts of BrO have been investigated by the comparison of satellite pixels influenced by high and low cloud conditions based on GOME data which allows the determination of the detec- tion limit of 3.8◊10 13 molecules cm 2 of tropospheric BrO columns.
How Economic Tropes Affect Attitudes Toward Social Welfare Policies

ABSTRACT We offer a framework for understanding public responses to social programs designed to alleviate disadvantages experienced by some sectors of the U.S. population. The framework is built on 2 key tropes of generalized exchange theory: mutuality and possessive individualism. Using the Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a public sector context, we show how marketing messages can be manipulated to affect consumer likelihood to participate in and support the public policy. Consistent with cognitive attitude models, we find that beliefs regarding individual and mutual benefits are significant, positive predictors of ACA attitudes. In contrast, when messages are framed with ideological economic tropes—possessive individualism or mutuality—ACA attitudes diverge. Priming possessive individualism negatively affects program attitudes relative to a mutuality prime or a no-prime control condition. We conclude with policy advice for those tasked with effective implementation of public sector programs.
Comparing Angular and Curved Shapes in Terms of Implicit Associations and Approach/Avoidance Responses

Most people prefer smoothly curved shapes over more angular shapes. We investigated the origin of this effect using abstract shapes and implicit measures of semantic association and preference. In Experiment 1 we used a multidimensional Implicit Association Test (IAT) to verify the strength of the association of curved and angular polygons with danger (safe vs. danger words), valence (positive vs. negative words) and gender (female vs. male names). Results showed that curved polygons were associated with safe and positive concepts and with female names, whereas angular polygons were associated with danger and negative concepts and with male names. Experiment 2 used a different implicit measure, which avoided any need to categorise the stimuli. Using a revised version of the Stimulus Response Compatibility (SRC) task we tested with a stick figure (i.e., the manikin) approach and avoidance reactions to curved and angular polygons. We found that RTs for approaching vs. avoiding angular polygons did not differ, even in the condition where the angles were more pronounced. By contrast participants were faster and more accurate when moving the manikin towards curved shapes. Experiment 2 suggests that preference for curvature cannot derive entirely from an association of angles with threat. We conclude that smoothly curved contours make these abstract shapes more pleasant. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature of such a preference.
Sensory-cognitive interaction in the neural encoding of speech in noise: a review.

BACKGROUND Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is one of the most complex tasks faced by listeners on a daily basis. Although listening in noise presents challenges for all listeners, background noise inordinately affects speech perception in older adults and in children with learning disabilities. Hearing thresholds are an important factor in SIN perception, but they are not the only factor. For successful comprehension, the listener must perceive and attend to relevant speech features, such as the pitch, timing, and timbre of the target speaker's voice. Here, we review recent studies linking SIN and brainstem processing of speech sounds. PURPOSE To review recent work that has examined the ability of the auditory brainstem response to complex sounds (cABR), which reflects the nervous system's transcription of pitch, timing, and timbre, to be used as an objective neural index for hearing-in-noise abilities. STUDY SAMPLE We examined speech-evoked brainstem responses in a variety of populations, including children who are typically developing, children with language-based learning impairment, young adults, older adults, and auditory experts (i.e., musicians). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS In a number of studies, we recorded brainstem responses in quiet and babble noise conditions to the speech syllable /da/ in all age groups, as well as in a variable condition in children in which /da/ was presented in the context of seven other speech sounds. We also measured speech-in-noise perception using the Hearing-in-Noise Test (HINT) and the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test (QuickSIN). RESULTS Children and adults with poor SIN perception have deficits in the subcortical spectrotemporal representation of speech, including low-frequency spectral magnitudes and the timing of transient response peaks. Furthermore, auditory expertise, as engendered by musical training, provides both behavioral and neural advantages for processing speech in noise. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for future assessment and management strategies for young and old populations whose primary complaint is difficulty hearing in background noise. The cABR provides a clinically applicable metric for objective assessment of individuals with SIN deficits, for determination of the biologic nature of disorders affecting SIN perception, for evaluation of appropriate hearing aid algorithms, and for monitoring the efficacy of auditory remediation and training.
The effect of peers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour on adolescents’ psychological need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and objectively measured physical activity

Based on self-determination theory, adolescents’ leisure-time (LT) physical activity (PA) behaviour may depend on the extent by which they perceive an environment as autonomy-supportive. The present study aimed to investigate whether adolescents’ perception of autonomy-supportive behaviour from their peers is related to adolescents’ objectively measured LT moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through perceived psychological needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation towards PA. School students (n=215) aged between 12 to 15 years old (age: 13.20±0.96 yrs) completed self-reported measures of perceived peers’ autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation in the context of LT PA. In addition, study participants wore an accelerometer (Acti-Graph GT3X) to monitor their MVPA. Results of the structural equation modelling revealed that perceived autonomy support from peers had a significant and positive effect on perceptions of all three psychological need satisfaction in LT, which, in turn, had a significant and positive effect on adolescents’ intrinsic motivation. Adolescents’ LT PA was significantly predicted by their intrinsic motivation towards PA. Only one pathway through autonomy need satisfaction was revealed by which adolescents’ perception of their peers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour is related to intrinsic motivation and MVPA. The findings of the current study highlight the role of peers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour on adolescents objectively measured PA through motivational processes in the context of LT.
Background Estimation from Photographs with Application to Ghost Removal in High Dynamic Range Image Reconstruction

We address the problem of reconstructing a scene background from a set of photographs featuring several occluding objects. We assume that the photographs are obtained from the same view point and under similar illumination conditions. Our approach consists of defining the scene background as a labeling over the set of input exposures, then assigning each labeling a cost, and finally minimizing the associated cost function. The cost function penalizes deviations from the following two model assumptions: background objects are stationary, and background objects are more likely to appear across the input exposures. We approximate object stationariness using a motion boundary consistency term, and object likelihood using kernel density estimations on a decorrelated color space. Both estimates are combined using an entropy-based weighting function. Furthermore, we constraint our solution space in order to prevent partial classification of occluding objects as background, thus avoiding cutting through objects. The cost function is minimized by using graph cuts, and the final result is composed using gradient domain fusion. Our method benefits from the appropriate selection of color spaces for each task. We apply our method to the recovering of clean, unoccluded shots of crowded public places. We also demonstrate the application of our method to the removal of ghosting artifacts during the reconstruction of high dynamic range images from multi-exposure sequences. Our contribution is the definition of an automatic method for consistent background estimation from multiple exposures with occluders, and its application to ghost removal in high dynamic range image reconstruction.
Asymptotic Properties of M‐estimators Based on Estimating Equations and Censored Data

Properties of Huber's M‐estimators based on estimating equations have been studied extensively and are well understood for complete (i.i.d.) data. Although the concepts of M‐estimators and influence curves have been extended for some time by Reid (1981) to incomplete data that are subject to right censoring, results on the general behavior of M‐estimators based on incomplete data remain scattered and restrictive. This paper establishes a general large sample theory for M‐estimators based on censored data. We show how to extend any asymptotic result available for M‐estimators based on complete data to the case of censored data. The extensions are usually straightforward and include the multiparameter situation. Both the lifetime and censoring distributions may be discontinuous. We illustrate several extensions which provide simple and tractable sufficient conditions for an M‐estimator to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The influence curves and asymptotic variance of the M‐estimators are also derived. The applicability of the new sufficient conditions is demonstrated through several examples, including location and scale M‐estimators.
Automatic fetal brain localization in 3T MR images using Histograms of Oriented 3D Gradients

Fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapidly emerging diagnostic imaging tool. However, automated fetal brain localization is one of the biggest obstacles in expediting and fully automating large-scale fetal MRI processing. We propose a method for automatic localization of fetal brain in 3T MRI when the images are acquired as a stack of 2D slices that are misaligned due to fetal motion. First, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature descriptor is extended from 2D to 3D images. Then, a sliding window is used to assign a score to all possible windows in an image, depending on the likelihood of it containing a brain, and the window with the highest score is selected. In our evaluation experiments using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy, we achieved 96% of complete brain localization using a database of 104 MRI scans at gestational ages between 34-38 weeks. The approach is robust and does not rely on any prior knowledge of fetal brain development.
Phase-specific microstimulation in brain machine interface setting differentially modulates beta oscillations and affects behavior

It is widely accepted that beta-band oscillations play a role in sensorimotor behavior. To further explore this role, we developed a novel hybrid platform to combine operant conditioning and phase-specific intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). We trained monkeys, implanted with 96 electrodes arrays in motor cortex, to volitionally enhance local field potential (LFP) beta-band (20-30Hz) activity at selected sites using a brain-machine interface (BMI). We demonstrate that beta oscillations of LFP and single-unit spiking activity increased dramatically with BMI training, and that pre-movement Beta-power was anti-correlated with task performance. We also show that phase-specific ICMS modulated the power and phase of oscillations, shifting local networks between oscillatory and non-oscillatory states. Furthermore, ICMS induced phase-dependent effects in animal reaction times and success rates. These findings contribute to unraveling of the functional role of cortical oscillations, and to future development of clinical tools for ameliorating abnormal neuronal activities in brain diseases.
Annual national direct and indirect cost estimates of the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual direct and indirect costs of the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Brazil. METHODS: This cost description study used a "gross-costing" methodology and adopted the health system and societal perspectives. The estimates were grouped into sets of procedures performed in phases of cervical cancer care: the screening, diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions and the treatment of cervical cancer. The costs were estimated for the public and private health systems, using data from national health information systems, population surveys, and literature reviews. The cost estimates are presented in 2006 USD. RESULTS: From the societal perspective, the estimated total costs of the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer amounted to USD $1,321,683,034, which was categorized as follows: procedures (USD $213,199,490), visits (USD $325,509,842), transportation (USD $106,521,537) and productivity losses (USD $676,452,166). Indirect costs represented 51% of the total costs, followed by direct medical costs (visits and procedures) at 41% and direct non-medical costs (transportation) at 8%. The public system represented 46% of the total costs, and the private system represented 54%. CONCLUSION: Our national cost estimates of cervical cancer prevention and treatment, indicating the economic importance of cervical cancer screening and care, will be useful in monitoring the effect of the HPV vaccine introduction and are of interest in research and health care management.
The University Course Timetabling Problem with a 3-phase approach

This paper describes the University Course Timetabling Problem (UCTP) used in the International Timetabling Competition 2003 organized by the Metaheuristics Network and presents a state-of-the-art heuristic approach towards the solution of the competition instances. It is a greatly improved version of the winning competition entry. The heuristic is divided into three phases: at first, a feasible timetable is constructed, then Simulated Annealing (SA) is used to order the thus created time-slots optimally, and finally SA is used to swap individual events between time-slots to improve the solution quality.
Curved Microneedle Array-Based sEMG Electrode for Robust Long-Term Measurements and High Selectivity

Surface electromyography is widely used in many fields to infer human intention. However, conventional electrodes are not appropriate for long-term measurements and are easily influenced by the environment, so the range of applications of sEMG is limited. In this paper, we propose a flexible band-integrated, curved microneedle array electrode for robust long-term measurements, high selectivity, and easy applicability. Signal quality, in terms of long-term usability and sensitivity to perspiration, was investigated. Its motion-discriminating performance was also evaluated. The results show that the proposed electrode is robust to perspiration and can maintain a high-quality measuring ability for over 8 h. The proposed electrode also has high selectivity for motion compared with a commercial wet electrode and dry electrode.