Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reasoning with Heterogeneous Knowledge for Commonsense Machine Comprehension

Reasoning with commonsense knowledge is critical for natural language understanding. Traditional methods for commonsense machine comprehension mostly only focus on one specific kind of knowledge, neglecting the fact that commonsense reasoning requires simultaneously considering different kinds of commonsense knowledge. In this paper, we propose a multi-knowledge reasoning method, which can exploit heterogeneous knowledge for commonsense machine comprehension. Specifically, we first mine different kinds of knowledge (including event narrative knowledge, entity semantic knowledge and sentiment coherent knowledge) and encode them as inference rules with costs. Then we propose a multi-knowledge reasoning model, which selects inference rules for a specific reasoning context using attention mechanism, and reasons by summarizing all valid inference rules. Experiments on RocStories show that our method outperforms traditional models significantly.
Low Temperature Fabrication of an Indium-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell: Based on Commercially Available Polymer Substrates

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Overview of Central Auditory Processing Deficits in Older Adults

Abstract Although there are many reported age-related declines in the human body, the notion that a central auditory processing deficit exists in older adults has not always been clear. Hearing loss and both structural and functional central nervous system changes with advancing age are contributors to how we listen, hear, and process auditory information. Even older adults with normal or near normal hearing sensitivity may exhibit age-related central auditory processing deficits as measured behaviorally and/or electrophysiologically. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of assessment and rehabilitative approaches for central auditory processing deficits in older adults. It is hoped that the outcome of the information presented here will help clinicians with older adult patients who do not exhibit the typical auditory processing behaviors exhibited by others at the same age and with comparable hearing sensitivity all in the absence of other health-related conditions.
Serovars and antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella spp. isolated from non-diarrhoeic cats in Trinidad

The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in non-diarrhoeic cats across Trinidad was determined. The serovars of Salmonella spp. isolated were identified and the resistance to eight antimicrobial agents was determined. Of the 94 cats sampled 2 (2.1%) were positive for Salmonella spp. with two serovars identified: S. Johannesburg and a serovar belonging to Group C 1 . Only 1 isolate was resistant. It was concluded that the isolation of Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy cats poses a health hazard to their owners, since most serovars are known to be potentially pathogenic. Furthermore, the existence of resistance to antimicrobial agents amongst Salmonella isolates from cats could cause chemotherapeutic consequences to their human owners.
Haploid Genetic Screens in Human Cells Identify Host Factors Used by Pathogens

“Haploid Human” Genetic screens can provide direct insight into biological processes that are poorly understood. Carette et al. (p. 1231) describe genetic screens using large-scale gene disruption in human cells haploid for all chromosomes except for chromosome 8. One screen was used to identify host factors essential for the activity of cytolethal distending toxin, a toxin found in several pathogenic bacteria. Another screen identified host gene products essential for infection with influenza, and an additional screen revealed genes required for the action of adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP)–ribosylating bacterial toxins. This loss-of-function genetic approach in mammalian cells will be widely applicable to study a variety of biological processes and cellular functions. A method identifies human factors required for successful microbial pathogenesis. Loss-of-function genetic screens in model organisms have elucidated numerous biological processes, but the diploid genome of mammalian cells has precluded large-scale gene disruption. We used insertional mutagenesis to develop a screening method to generate null alleles in a human cell line haploid for all chromosomes except chromosome 8. Using this approach, we identified host factors essential for infection with influenza and genes encoding important elements of the biosynthetic pathway of diphthamide, which are required for the cytotoxic effects of diphtheria toxin and exotoxin A. We also identified genes needed for the action of cytolethal distending toxin, including a cell-surface protein that interacts with the toxin. This approach has both conceptual and practical parallels with genetic approaches in haploid yeast.
The Effect of Cold Work on the Thermal Stability of Residual Compression in Surface Enhanced IN718

Surface enhancement, the creation of a layer of residual compression at the surface of a component, is widely used to improve the fatigue life in the automotive and aerospace industries. The compressive layer delays fatigue crack initiation and retards small crack propagation. The benefits of surface enhancement are lost if the compressive layer relaxes at the operating temperature of the component. Surface enhancement methods producing minimal cold work are shown to produce the most thermally stable compression. The residual stress and cold work distributions developed in IN718 by shot peening, gravity peening, laser shock peening (LSP) and low plasticity burnishing (LPB) are compared. Estimation of cold work (equivalent true plastic strain) from x-ray diffraction line broadening is described. Thermal relaxation at temperatures ranging from 525C to 670C is correlated to the degree of cold working of the surface, independent of the method of surface enhancement. Highly cold worked (> 15%) shot peened surfaces are found to relax to half the initial level of compression in minutes at all temperatures investigated. The rapid initial relaxation is shown to be virtually independent of either time or temperature from 525C to 670C. The LPB process is described with application to IN718. High cycle fatigue performance after elevated temperature exposure is compared for surfaces treated by LPB and conventional (8A intensity) shot peening.
Precision measurement of small diameter hole in a metallic object

INTRODUCTION There are a number of industrial applications such as in the aerospace and disk drive industries, which require precision measurement of small diameter holes with high aspect ratio. Some of the standard measurement systems, such as optical techniques, while capable of characterizing holes on the surface of the work piece, would face difficulties in characterizing the interior of a hole especially if the latter is a non-through hole. A novel vibroscanning method has demonstrated the possibility measurement of a 125um micro hole with level of precision better than 0.5um [1,2]. However, this technique requires a special probe, which is not widely available. Because of this, CMM using mechanical probe is still commonly used in industry. However, using CMM for small hole measurement has certain drawbacks. It is expensive, time consuming, and is a contact measuring technique. Also it is difficult to use CMM for the measurement of very small diameter holes. Therefore it is desirable to develop an alternative, more widely available cost effective precision approach.
Late gestational nutrient restriction: Effects on ewes' metabolic and homeorhetic adaptation, consequences for lamb birth weight and lactation performance

We investigated the effect of 50% nutrient restriction during the last 6 weeks ofgestation on twin-pregnant ewes' plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, IGF-1 and leptin concentrations and the effects on lamb birth weight and ewes' lactation performance. Plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in restricted ewes suggest that maternal tissues were being mobilised. Despite the ewes' adaptations their lambs weighed significantly less at birth. Furthermore, colostrum and milk yields were markedly reduced up until the latest measurement at 3 weeks post partum despite ad libitum access to feed. Reduced milk yields coincided with reduced plasma IGF-1 concentration pre partum in nutrient restricted ewes indicating, that mammary gland development may have been compromised. The present data suggest that leptin is not involved in the regulation of early lactation changes in feed intake and energy balance. It is concluded that severely reduced nutrient availability in late gestation affects fetal growth in utero and has a prolonged negative effect on lactation performance.
LKB1 when associated with methylatedERα is a marker of bad prognosis in breast cancer

Although the presence of nuclear estrogen receptor is widely used to guide breast cancer therapy, less attention has been paid to the receptor cytoplasmic signaling. Recently, we have shown that this pathway is operative in vivo and is activated in aggressive tumors representing a new potential target for breast cancer therapy. Here, we identified LKB1 as a partner of ERα and we explored its potential role in estrogen nongenomic signaling. The associations between LKB1 expression and the actors of this pathway, namely the methylated form of ERα (metERα), Src and PI3K, have been analyzed both in cultured cells and in 154 primary breast tumor samples. We found that LKB1 is a component of the cytoplasmic signaling complex in breast cell lines as well as in primary breast tumors. Moreover, an inverse correlation between the localization of LKB1 in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments is observed. Importantly, high expression of cytoplasmic LKB1 is an independent marker of poor prognosis, associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Conversely, the presence of nuclear LKB1 associates with increased OS and DFS. In conclusion, our results highlight that LKB1 expression in breast cancer appears to have opposite effects depending on its subcellular localization and may be used as a new prognostic biomarker.
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Ozone Levels in Quebec (Canada): A Comparison of Kriging, Land-Use Regression (LUR), and Combined Bayesian Maximum Entropy–LUR Approaches

Background: Ambient air ozone (O3) is a pulmonary irritant that has been associated with respiratory health effects including increased lung inflammation and permeability, airway hyperreactivity, respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function. Estimation of O3 exposure is a complex task because the pollutant exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns. To refine the quality of exposure estimation, various spatiotemporal methods have been developed worldwide. Objectives: We sought to compare the accuracy of three spatiotemporal models to predict summer ground-level O3 in Quebec, Canada. Methods: We developed a land-use mixed-effects regression (LUR) model based on readily available data (air quality and meteorological monitoring data, road networks information, latitude), a Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) model incorporating both O3 monitoring station data and the land-use mixed model outputs (BME-LUR), and a kriging method model based only on available O3 monitoring station data (BME kriging). We performed leave-one-station-out cross-validation and visually assessed the predictive capability of each model by examining the mean temporal and spatial distributions of the average estimated errors. Results: The BME-LUR was the best predictive model (R2 = 0.653) with the lowest root mean-square error (RMSE ;7.06 ppb), followed by the LUR model (R2 = 0.466, RMSE = 8.747) and the BME kriging model (R2 = 0.414, RMSE = 9.164). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that errors of estimation in the interpolation of O3 concentrations with BME can be greatly reduced by incorporating outputs from a LUR model developed with readily available data. Citation: Adam-Poupart A, Brand A, Fournier M, Jerrett M, Smargiassi A. 2014. Spatiotemporal modeling of ozone levels in Quebec (Canada): a comparison of kriging, land-use regression (LUR), and combined Bayesian maximum entropy–LUR approaches. Environ Health Perspect 122:970–976; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1306566
A New Approach to Determination of the Instability of Air-jet Textured Yarns

Determination of the instability of air-jet textured yarns is a very important aspect of their quality characterization. To overcome this problem many researchers have suggested different techniques, however none has been accepted as a standard method. Among all the methods, that suggested by Demir et al. takes attention, since it was improved after investigating the advantages and disadvantages of most of the techniques in use. Recovery from strain measurements are commonly used to get information about fiber molecular structure. In this study, instability of air-jet textured yarns was investigated by using both Demir's instability test method and recovery from strain measurements. It was observed that Demir's method is a practical and reliable way to compare the instability of air-jet textured yarns produced from the same raw material. For comparing different materials it was more beneficial to use recovery from strain measurements.
Mouse Eosinophils Possess Potent Antibacterial Properties In Vivo

ABSTRACT Eosinophils are best known as the predominant cellular infiltrate associated with asthma and parasitic infections. Recently, numerous studies have documented the presence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surfaces of eosinophils, suggesting that these leukocytes may participate in the recognition and killing of viruses and bacteria. However, the significance of this role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection is largely unknown. Here we report a novel role for eosinophils as antibacterial defenders in the host response. Isolated mouse eosinophils possessed antipseudomonal properties in vitro. In vivo, interleukin-5 transgenic mice, which have profound eosinophilia, demonstrated improved clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa introduced into the peritoneal cavity. The findings of improved bacterial clearance following adoptive transfer of eosinophils, and impaired bacterial clearance in mice with a congenital eosinophil deficiency, established that this effect was eosinophil specific. The data presented also demonstrate that eosinophils mediate this antibacterial effect in part through the release of cationic secondary granule proteins. Specifically, isolated eosinophil granules had antibacterial properties in vitro, and administration of eosinophil granule extracts significantly improved bacterial clearance in vivo. These data suggest a potent yet underappreciated antibacterial role for eosinophils in vivo, specifically for eosinophil granules. Moreover, the data suggest that the administration of eosinophil-derived products may represent a viable adjuvant therapy for septic or bacteremic patients in the intensive care unit.
New treatment directions for IPF: current status of ongoing and upcoming clinical trials

ABSTRACT Introduction: The main objective of this review is to explore the wide and expanding field of new clinical trials in IPF. Recent trials have confirmed the efficacy of the approved drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib; nonetheless, the discovery of new biological pathways has opened new horizons in this field. Areas covered: New strategies against matrix deposition are under study and so is for the role of immunity and autoimmunity. Recent advances in the use of stem cells are opening new possibilities for the recovery of damaged lung tissues. The role of microbioma is under investigation in order to evaluate the use of antibiotics in IPF treatment. Analysing all the new and the upcoming clinical trials, we are trying to offer a comprehensive view of the emerging new frontiers in the treatment of IPF. Expert commentary: The key points for the ongoing and upcoming clinical trials will be to avoid previous mistakes and to choose carefully both study populations and efficacy endpoints. The exciting possibility to enrol patients with progressive lung fibrosis, both idiopathic and not, could be a next step forward. How the existing therapies will fit in a futurist scenario of personalized medicine is still a challenge.
Relationship between acceptance of HIV/AIDS and functional outcomes assessed in a primary care setting

Abstract Acceptance, a third wave cognitive-behavioral concept originally developed for chronic pain patients, was applied to acceptance of chronic illness in an HIV/AIDS population. This study examined the internal reliability of two scales of the chronic illness acceptance questionnaire (CIAQ) called activities engagement (AE), and illness willingness (IW), their relationships with functional outcomes, and their ability to predict functional outcomes after controlling for demographic and medical variables. Sixty-nine HIV-positive persons served as subjects while attending a routine visit at an urban Midwestern US Family Medicine clinic. Mean scores for the AE, IW, and total scales of the CIAQ were slightly higher than pretreatment, but slightly lower than post-treatment scores originally reported for chronic pain patients. Internal reliability values for AE, IW, and total scales of the CIAQ were excellent and consistent with those found in chronic pain acceptance studies. In addition, the AE and IW scales were significantly related to the criterion dimensions of depression, mental functioning, and physical functioning. In multiple regression analyses, it was found that only AE was a significant predictor of the three functional outcome measures beyond demographic and medical variables. In contrast, IW was not predictive of any of the three functional outcome variables.
Why Do Consumers Go Internet Shopping Again? Understanding the Antecedents of Repurchase Intention

Consumer intention of reusing online websites for shopping is a major consequence for an electronic commerce company's profitability. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence online customers' repurchase intentions is of great importance to the EC companies. Drawing on specific dimensions of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Information Systems continuance model, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and empirical findings from prior studies as antecedents, the related factors were adapted and integrated within the context of Internet shopping repurchase intentions and were tested in a field study. Empirical data for hypotheses testing were collected from the online virtual store of 7-ELEVEN in Taiwan, yielding 444 valid samples. The results show that online consumer repurchase intention is determined by satisfaction, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and Internet shopping self-efficacy. Satisfaction is influenced by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, confirmation, and positive Internet shopping experience. Perceived usefulness, in turn, is influenced by behavior modeling, positive Internet shopping experience, Internet shopping self-efficacy, and confirmation. Confirmation is affected by positive Internet shopping experience and behavior modeling. In addition, confirmation has significant effects on perceived ease of use. Finally, positive Internet shopping experience appeared to have a significant impact on Internet shopping self-efficacy. From the empirical data, meaningful findings and conclusions are derived, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Efficacy of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: comparison among three commonly used occluders

Background Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is standard treatment for patients with paradoxical embolism but studies examining the efficacy of the various occluders are lacking. Objective To evaluate short- and medium-term closure rates of three common occluders. Methods One hundred and sixty-six adults (47±12 (18–81 years)) were evaluated with transthoracic bubble echocardiography before and after PFO closure. Only patients with large PFOs were included (>30 bubbles in the left heart after Valsalva). Results Three occluders were used: Amplatzer (AGA Medical Corporation) (n=80, 48%), Gore Helex (n=48, 29%) and Premere TM (St Jude Medical) (n=38, 23%). One (0.6%) neurological event occurred during follow-up. At 6 months significant residual shunting after Valsalva was highest in the group that received the Helex (58.3%), and lower for Premere (39.5%) and Amplatzer (32.5%). At final follow-up residual shunting remained higher in patients with the Helex (33.3%) than in Premere (18.5%) and Amplatzer (11%). Amplatzer had a significantly lower residual shunt rate than Helex (p<0.05 at 6 months and final follow-up). The Premere had an intermediate residual shunt rate. Septal aneurysm also predicted residual shunting (RR=24.7, 95% CI: 8.2 to 74.4, p<0.0001). Conclusions Percutaneous PFO closure is an efficacious progressive treatment but closure rates also depend on the presence of aneurysm and differ between occluders.
Improved estimation of the MSEs and the MSE matrices for shrinkage estimators of multivariate normal means and their applications

In this article we provide some nonnegative and positive estimators of the mean squared errors(MSEs) for shrinkage estimators of multivariate normal means. Proposed estimators are shown to improve on the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator(UMVUE) under a quadratic loss criterion. A similar improvement is also obtained for the estimators of the MSE matrices for shrinkage estimators. We also apply the proposed estimators of the MSE matrix to form confidence sets centered at shrinkage estimators and show their usefulness through numerical experiments.