Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Beam Coordination Strategies With Rate-Dependent Processing Power

This paper proposes energy-efficient coordinated beamforming strategies for multicell multiuser multiple-input single-output system. We consider a practical power consumption model, where part of the consumed power depends on the base station or user specific data rates due to coding, decoding, and backhaul. This is different from the existing approaches where the base station power consumption has been assumed to be a convex or linear function of the transmit powers. Two optimization criteria are considered, namely network energy efficiency maximization and weighted sum energy efficiency maximization. We develop successive convex approximation-based algorithms to tackle these difficult nonconvex problems. We further propose decentralized implementations for the considered problems, in which base stations perform parallel and distributed computation based on local channel state information and limited backhaul information exchange. The decentralized approaches admit closed-form solutions and can be implemented without invoking a generic external convex solver. We also show an example of the pilot contamination effect on the energy efficiency using a heuristic pilot allocation strategy. The numerical results are provided to demonstrate that the rate dependent power consumption has a large impact on the system energy efficiency, and, thus, has to be taken into account when devising energy-efficient transmission strategies. The significant gains of the proposed algorithms over the conventional low-complexity beamforming algorithms are also illustrated.
GRB 130427A: A Nearby Ordinary Monster

Bright Lights Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), bright flashes of gamma-ray light, are thought to be associated with the collapse of massive stars. GRB 130427A was detected on 27 April 2013, and it had the longest gamma-ray duration and one of the largest isotropic energy releases observed to date (see the Perspective by Fynbo). Ackermann et al. (p. 42, published online 21 November) report data obtained with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, which reveal a high-energy spectral component that cannot be accounted for by the standard external shock synchrotron radiation model. Vestrand et al. (p. 38, published online 21 November) report the detection of an extremely bright flash of visible light and unexpected similarities between the variations of optical light and the highest-energy gamma rays that indicate a common origin. A detailed analysis of the first pulse of GRB 130427A by Preece et al. (p. 51, published online 21 November) suggests that existing models cannot explain all the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously. Maselli et al. (p. 48, published online 21 November) present x-ray and optical light curves of the burst's prompt emission as well as of its afterglow as recorded by the Swift satellite and a range of ground-based telescopes. Multiwavelength data from an extremely bright stellar explosion provide details of the physics of these violent events. Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are an extremely rare outcome of the collapse of massive stars and are typically found in the distant universe. Because of its intrinsic luminosity (L ∼ 3 × 1053 ergs per second) and its relative proximity (z = 0.34), GRB 130427A reached the highest fluence observed in the γ-ray band. Here, we present a comprehensive multiwavelength view of GRB 130427A with Swift, the 2-meter Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes, and by other ground-based facilities, highlighting the evolution of the burst emission from the prompt to the afterglow phase. The properties of GRB 130427A are similar to those of the most luminous, high-redshift GRBs, suggesting that a common central engine is responsible for producing GRBs in both the contemporary and the early universe and over the full range of GRB isotropic energies.
The Multivariable Fractional Polynomial Approach , with Thoughts about Opportunities and Challenges in Big Data

Data analysts are often faced with many covariates and a suitable model for explanation requires the selection of a subset of variables with a relevant influence on the outcome. For continuous variables it is important to determine a suitable function which fits the data well. We will introduce the basic concept and philosophy of the multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) approach, which tackles both issues simultaneously. In the context of comparing two treatments we will introduce MFPI as an extension to investigate for potential interactions with continuous covariates. The approach avoids well known problems introduced by categorization. We will also introduce various opportunities and challenges of fractional polynomial modelling in Big Data. Furthermore, we will argue that treatment comparisons need to be based on well-designed randomized trials. In general, observational data do not allow to derive an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect, even if the sample size is very large.
Bayesian Markov Random Field Analysis for Protein Function Prediction Based on Network Data

Inference of protein functions is one of the most important aims of modern biology. To fully exploit the large volumes of genomic data typically produced in modern-day genomic experiments, automated computational methods for protein function prediction are urgently needed. Established methods use sequence or structure similarity to infer functions but those types of data do not suffice to determine the biological context in which proteins act. Current high-throughput biological experiments produce large amounts of data on the interactions between proteins. Such data can be used to infer interaction networks and to predict the biological process that the protein is involved in. Here, we develop a probabilistic approach for protein function prediction using network data, such as protein-protein interaction measurements. We take a Bayesian approach to an existing Markov Random Field method by performing simultaneous estimation of the model parameters and prediction of protein functions. We use an adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm that leads to more accurate parameter estimates and consequently to improved prediction performance compared to the standard Markov Random Fields method. We tested our method using a high quality S.cereviciae validation network with 1622 proteins against 90 Gene Ontology terms of different levels of abstraction. Compared to three other protein function prediction methods, our approach shows very good prediction performance. Our method can be directly applied to protein-protein interaction or coexpression networks, but also can be extended to use multiple data sources. We apply our method to physical protein interaction data from S. cerevisiae and provide novel predictions, using 340 Gene Ontology terms, for 1170 unannotated proteins and we evaluate the predictions using the available literature.
The Psychology Of Intelligence

Think of developmental psychology, and the name of Jean Piaget immediately springs to mind. His theory of learning lies at the very heart of the modern understanding of the human learning process, and he is celebrated as the founding father of child psychology. A prolific writer, is the author of more than fifty books and several hundred articles. The Psychology of Intelligence is one of his most important works. Containing a complete synthesis of his thoughts on the mechanisms of intellectual development, it is an extraordinary volume by an extraordinary writer. Given his significance, it is hardly surprising that Psychology Today pronounced Piaget the Best Psychologist of the twentieth century.
Integration of chicken genomic resources to enable whole-genome sequencing

Different genomic resources in chicken were integrated through the Wageningen chicken BAC library. First, a BAC anchor map was created by screening this library with two sets of markers: microsatellite markers from the consensus linkage map and markers created from BAC end sequencing in chromosome walking experiments. Second, HindIII digestion fingerprints were created for all BACs of the Wageningen chicken BAC library. Third, cytogenetic positions of BACs were assigned by FISH. These integrated resources will facilitate further chromosome-walking experiments and whole-genome sequencing.
Race of the Interviewer and Perception of Skin Color: Evidence from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality

The influence of interviewers’ race on skin color classification for white and African American survey respondents is explored using data from the Multi-City Study of Urban inequality (conducted 1992 to 1994). As hypothesized, bivariate and multivariate results reveal a compelling race-of-the-interviewer effect for both black and white respondents: White interviewers reported the skin tones of black respondents as substantially darker than did black interviewers. In turn, black interviewers categorized the skin tones of white respondents as much lighter than did white interviewers. Results also indicate that interviewers perceived greater variation in the skin tones of same-race respondents than among other-race respondents, suggesting that both black and white Americans exhibit relatively limited ability to carefully distinguish the physical characteristics of other-race persons. Finally, results show that unsuccessful attempts to match interviewers and respondents by race may have the unintended consequence of introducing important attenuating biases into analyses involving skin color. Implications for future research are discussed.
Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia in Adults: Is It Neurologic or Not?

Objectives. Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) can be a diagnostic challenge for ophthalmologists and neurologists because of its association with neurological pathologies. Our study describes a series of adult patients with AACE of undetermined etiology. Methods. Data on the clinical findings of patients presented with AACE of undetermined etiology with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were retrieved from the medical records and the results analyzed. Results. A series of 9 esotropia cases (age range: 20–43 years) was reviewed. All patients had full duction and versions, without an A-pattern or V-pattern. All patients had esotropia for distance and near. Neurological evaluation in all cases was normal. Among patients, 3 were treated with prisms, 4 were treated with strabismus surgery, and 1 was treated with botulinum toxin injections; 1 patient declined treatment. In treated patients posttreatment sensory testing indicated restoration of binocularity that remained stable throughout follow-up of 1–9 years. The patient that declined treatment had binocular function with base-out prisms. Conclusion. Acute onset esotropia may be seen without a neurological pathology in adults. Good motor and sensory outcomes can be achieved in these patients with AACE of undetermined etiology via surgical and nonsurgical methods.
The Relationship between Psychopathy and Age in a Non-Clinical Community Convenience Sample

Psychopathy in the severely disordered appears to change over time, with each of its component traits following a unique life course, mirroring the research with other personality disorders. It remains uncertain whether the life course of the component traits are unique to disordered individuals or represents age-related declines that also occur in non-clinical populations. The present study advances the hypothesis that the life course of psychopathic traits is due to changes associated with aging that are experienced even by those who are not severely disordered. Results indicated that psychopathy in a non-clinical population was found to only partially replicate the life course reported amongst the more severely disordered. The findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical genesis of psychopathy and the broader implications that they hold for the field of personality disorders.
A Study of College Dropouts with Respect to Academic and Personality Variables

AbstractThis Is a study of dropouts with respect to verbal scores of School and College Ability Tests and personality scores of the Gordon Personal Profile and the Gordon Personal Inventory.The sample consisted of 1,263 college freshmen. The statistical procedure used was the t-test.High academic aptitude students differed from low academic aptitude students beyond . 001 level of confidence on verbal scores of the SCAT. Statistically significant evidence was found between dropouts and students who remained in college on several personality variables-trustful and tolerant, perseverant, inquiring, energetic, vigorous, calm and collected, and cautious.High academic aptitude students are more likely to remain in college than low academic aptitude students. Low academic aptitude students are more homogeneous with respect to personality variables than high academic aptitude students.
A Study of the Discriminative Value of the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

Resume Dans cette etude, les resultats du nombre de reponses “fausses,” c'est-a-dire, psycho-nevrosees, faites par 256 soldats diagnostiques comme nevroses sur le Questionnaire de Donnees Personnelles Woodworth ont ete compares avec les resultats obtenus de 103 etudiants probablement normaux de premiere annee dans un college. Le Questionnaire de Donnees personnelles ou Inventoire psycho-nevrose de Woodworth a ete formule pendant la Grande Guerre a l'usage des groupes de soldats, et se compose de 116 questions comprenant les symptomes ordinaires des diverses nevroses. Nous avons eu comme but de constater si les normaux et les nevroses peuvent etre separes au moyen de leurs “resultats” totaux dans le test. Aucune differentiation n'a ete trouvee possible entre les normaux et les nevroses sur la base des resultats totaux, et on n'a pu distinguer un groupe psychonevrose d'un autre au moyen du nombre total des reponses “fausses. ” On a trouve, pourtant, dix-huit questions, comprenant toutes celles donnant un exc.
Is it getting hot in here? Adjustment of hydraulic parameters in six boreal and temperate tree species after 5 years of warming

Global temperatures (T) are rising, and for many plant species, their physiological response to this change has not been well characterized. In particular, how hydraulic parameters may change has only been examined experimentally for a few species. To address this, we measured characteristics of the hydraulic architecture of six species growing in ambient T and ambient +3.4 °C T plots in two experimentally warmed forest sites in Minnesota. These sites are at the temperate–boreal ecotone, and we measured three species from each forest type. We hypothesized that relative to boreal species, temperate species near their northern range border would increase xylem conduit diameters when grown under elevated T. We also predicted a continuum of responses among wood types, with conduit diameter increases correlating with increases in the complexity of wood structure. Finally, we predicted that increases in conduit diameter and specific hydraulic conductivity would positively affect photosynthetic rates and growth. Our results generally supported our hypotheses, and conduit diameter increased under elevated T across all species, although this pattern was driven predominantly by three species. Two of these species were temperate angiosperms, but one was a boreal conifer, contrary to predictions. We observed positive relationships between the change in specific hydraulic conductivity and both photosynthetic rate (P = 0.080) and growth (P = 0.012). Our results indicate that species differ in their ability to adjust hydraulically to increases in T. Specifically, species with more complex xylem anatomy, particularly those individuals growing near the cooler edge of their range, appeared to be better able to increase conduit diameters and specific hydraulic conductivity, which permitted increases in photosynthesis and growth. Our data support results that indicate individual's ability to physiologically adjust is related to their location within their species range, and highlight that some wood types may adjust more easily than others.
Learning Journalism Ethics: The Classroom Versus the Real World

This study assesses the disconnect between television news directors' and journalism students' perceptions of issues in media ethics. Responses from 60 news directors and 166 students enrolled in ethics courses at three universities offer insight into what issues practitioners actually face, what issues students think they will face, and how serious each group perceives potential ethical dilemmas to be. Both groups agree that ethics is best learned on the job.
Peer victimization and self‐esteem of ethnic minority group children

An experimental study was carried out among Turkish children (10 to 12 years) living in the Netherlands for examining the relationship between peer victimization and self-esteem. Related to the social psychological distinction between personal and social identity, a distinction was made between personal and ethnic self-esteem and between personal and ethnic victimization. It was found that personal self-esteem negatively predicted personal victimization but not ethnic victimization, and ethnic self-esteem tended to predict ethnic victimization but not personal victimization. Furthermore, peer victimization had a negative causal effect on momentary self-feelings independent of the level of self-esteem. In addition, peer victimization based on ethnic group membership had a somewhat stronger negative effect on self-feelings than victimization based on personal characteristics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levels of Death Anxiety in Terminally Ill Persons: A Cross Validation and Extension

In order to explore the viability of the distinction between overt and covert levels of death fear, 141 individuals (32 HIV positive who had full-blown AIDS, 39 HIV positive without full-blown AIDS, 70 age-matched controls) were administered measures of conscious and unconscious death anxiety as well as a variety of self-report scales assessing life satisfaction, well-being, regrets about one's life, and hopelessness. While results suggested minimal differences to exist between the above groups for measures of conscious death fear, there were substantive, though in some respects, unanticipated differences across groups in aspects of covert fear tapping concerns about the interruption of goals and achievements, isolation from others, and pain, disease, and suffering. Results also suggested that there were both adjustment-related advantages and disadvantages associated with the appearance of symptoms signaling the appearance of full-blown AIDS. Neither gender nor the duration of time one had been living with the diagnosis of either HIV disease or AIDS influenced death fear.
To Move or Not to Move? Social Exclusion, Accessibility and Daily Mobility among the Low‐income Population in Santiago, Chile

Changes in the patterns of quotidian physical mobility of the population are at the very centre of transformations in contemporary urban life. The city of Santiago, Chile is no exception to this trend. But these changes do not affect the whole population in the same way. This paper is based on a case study of a low‐income population group and how their situation of social exclusion interferes with their patterns of everyday mobility. In order to do so we describe in‐depth their everyday mobility in two central interrelated aspects: where and how these individuals travel during workdays and weekends. We conclude that in contemporary Santiago the low degrees of motility of low income population constitute one of the main ways in which contemporary social exclusion is enacted in everyday practice.
Plastic Deformation Recovery in Freestanding Nanocrystalline Aluminum and Gold Thin Films

In nanocrystalline metals, lack of intragranular dislocation sources leads to plastic deformation mechanisms that substantially differ from those in coarse-grained metals. However, irrespective of grain size, plastic deformation is considered irrecoverable. We show experimentally that plastically deformed nanocrystalline aluminum and gold films with grain sizes of 65 nanometers and 50 nanometers, respectively, recovered a substantial fraction (50 to 100%) of plastic strain after unloading. This recovery was time dependent and was expedited at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the stress-strain characteristics during the next loading remained almost unchanged when strain recovery was complete. These observations in two dissimilar face-centered cubic metals suggest that strain recovery might be characteristic of other metals with similar grain sizes and crystalline packing.
Happiness, health, and religiosity: Significant relations

The aim of the present work was to test for an association between, and gender differences in, happiness, physical health, mental health, and religiosity. Four separate self-rating scales of these variables with good retest reliability were used. The sample comprised 2,210 male (n = 1,056) and female (n = 1,154) volunteer Kuwaiti undergraduates. Males had a significantly higher self-rating mean score of happiness and mental health than females, while females had a significantly higher religiosity mean score than their male counterparts. All the inter-correlations between the four self-ratings were significant and positive. They yielded one high loaded factor. Though the loadings were all high (>0.51), the ratings for happiness and mental health had the highest loadings (>0.82). Multiple regression revealed that the main predictor of happiness was mental health. Mental health accounted for 60% of the variance in predicting happiness, while religiosity accounted for around 15% of the variance in predicting happiness. However, the self-rating of physical health did not contribute significantly to the prediction of happiness. Based on the self-rating scales, the current data provide strong evidence that, among a large sample of Kuwaiti Muslim undergraduate students, religious people are happier.
Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements

Abstract. Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) made important contributions to the study of atmospheric electricity during a brief but productive period from 1859–1861. By 1859 Kelvin had recognised the need for "incessant recording" of atmospheric electrical parameters, and responded by inventing both the water dropper equaliser for measuring the atmospheric potential gradient (PG), and photographic data logging. The water dropper equaliser was widely adopted internationally and is still in use today. Following theoretical considerations of electric field distortion by local topography, Kelvin developed a portable electrometer, using it to investigate the PG on the Scottish island of Arran. During these environmental measurements, Kelvin may have unwittingly detected atmospheric PG changes during solar activity in August/September 1859 associated with the "Carrington event", which is interesting in the context of his later statements that solar magnetic influence on the Earth was impossible. Kelvin's atmospheric electricity work presents an early representative study in quantitative environmental physics, through the application of mathematical principles to an environmental problem, the design and construction of bespoke instrumentation for real world measurements and recognising the limitations of the original theoretical view revealed by experimental work.