Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Permanent Visas and Temporary Jobs: Evidence from Postdoctoral Participation of Foreign PhDs in the United States

About 75 percent of U.S.-trained, noncitizen PhDs in science and engineering work in the United States after graduation, and 54 percent of those who stay take postdoctoral positions. The probability of postdoctoral participation is substantially higher for temporary visa holders than for permanent visa holders because of visa-related restrictions in the U.S. labor market. To identify the causal effects of visa status on entry into a postdoctoral position, this paper uses a unique shock to visa status generated by the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992. Eligibility for the act is used as an instrumental variable for visa status. Two-stage least-square estimates show that permanent visa holders are 24 percent less likely to take postdoctoral positions than temporary visa holders. The effects of a permanent visa vary considerably across research fields, but for most fields, it reduces postdoctoral participation significantly.
Financial Liberalization and Money Demand in the ASEAN Countries

We estimate long-run money demand equations for the ASEAN-4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand) and evaluate whether the equations are cointegrated. Despite the substantial financial liberalization that has taken place in these countries, we find that the money demand equations are cointegrated. In sum, our results show that provided that the monetary authorities know the shape of these money demand equations, a policy framework aimed around monetary targets can be implemented. Copyright @ 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.
The measurement and management of intellectual capital in the public sector

This article compares and contrasts the stage of development reached by the public and private sectors with regard to intellectual capital. Whereas the private sector in many parts of the developed world has still not fully embraced the importance of measuring intangible assets, the public sector, with its different objectives, has always had to focus on non-financial results. This has become more critical in recent years due to successive government initiatives that have required the use of a number of prescribed performance indicators. Having briefly outlined the history of both intellectual capital and the culture of performance measurement this article analyses the results of a survey of public sector organizations in Northern Ireland to assess how they are dealing with both the measurement and management of intellectual capital assets.
Dutch Disease, Factor Mobility, and the Alberta Effect: The Case of Federations (La maladie hollandaise, la mobilité des facteurs, et l'effet Alberta – le cas des federations)

Do reduced costs of factor mobility mitigate Dutch Disease effects to the extent that they are reversed? The case of federations provides an indication they do. We observe resource blessing (curse) effects at the provincial (federal) level, and argue the difference in outcomes stems from the difference in factor mobility costs. We construct a simple tax competition model which shows that if factor mobility costs are sufficiently low, a resourceboom triggers an Alberta Effect that mitigates, and possibly reverses, Dutch Disease symptoms. The paper concludes with empirical evidence for the main implications of the model.
The Ghent System and Union Membership in Europe, 1970-1996

In recent years, a fundamental basis of union strength, membership desity, has diverged dramatically across Europe. While most countries have witnessed stagnation or decline in unionization rates, a few countries have actually experienced steady gains, and achieved virtually full unioization. This article addresses the impact of one often acknowledged, but underemphasized, explanation for this divergence: differences in the way unemployment insurance is provided. Where unemployment insurance is compulsory and administered by the state, union membership typcally declined or stagnated during the last quarter of the twentieth cetury However, where unemployment insurance is voluntary and admiistered by trade unions (the so-called Ghent system), union membership grew quite steadily in the same period. I attribute this close association to the rise of unemployment risks, which has different implications for the decision to join or stay in unions, depending on the way unemploment insurance is funded. In the compulsory system, unions have much less control over the labor market, since they haVe no control over the conditions surrounding receipt of unemployment insurance.
Red Tape and Democracy: How Rules Affect Citizenship Rights

Over the past 15 years, political science has paid increasing attention to the feedback effects of policy—the idea that the design of policies has profound effects on how citizens experience government and understand their role in the polity. One concept that is perfectly placed to explain how citizens experience administrative rules is red tape. But even as an impressive empirical scholarship on red tape has grown in recent years, it has focused almost exclusively on organizational actors rather than citizens. This article ties the red tape concept into a policy feedback framework. The authors argue that administrative rules frequently exert significant and unjustified compliance burden that restrict access to political and social rights. Furthermore, such burdens have equity implications, because they are often disproportionately experienced by disadvantaged groups. These propositions are illustrated using examples from welfare state and election policies in the United States.
Academics and their managers: a comparative study in job satisfaction

A number of research findings have suggested that managers are, in general, more satisfied with their jobs than are workers. This study aims to investigate the job satisfaction of academics and their managers, and to find out whether academics who hold managerial positions are, on the whole, more satisfied with their jobs than academics who do not hold similar administrative posts. The study found that university teachers are fairly satisfied with their jobs, although there are aspects of their jobs from which they derive some dissatisfaction. Using a statistical test of differences, it was found that academics and their managers differ significantly on the levels of satisfaction which they derive from most aspects of their jobs. Sources of these differences are identified, and the general conclusion is that management position, characterised by seniority in age, rank, and length of service, affects university teachers’ level of job satisfaction positively.
Hedging with Stochastic Local Volatility

We derive the local volatility hedge ratios that are consistent with a stochastic instantaneous volatility and show that this ‘stochastic local volatility’ model is equivalent to the market model for implied volatilities. We also show that a common feature of all Markovian single factor stochastic volatility models, (log)normal mixture option pricing models and ‘sticky delta’ models is that they predict incorrect dynamics for implied volatility. As a result they over-hedge the Black-Scholes model in the presence of a market skew and this explains the poor delta hedging performance of these models reported in the literature. Whilst the traditional ‘sticky tree’ local volatility models do not possess this unfortunate property, they cannot be used for pricing without exogenous and ad hoc smoothing of results. However the stochastic local volatility framework allows one to extend a good pricing model into a good hedging model. The theoretical results are supported by an empirical analysis of the hedging performance of seven models, each with different volatility characteristics, on the SP500 index skew.
The Tragedy of Becoming Common: Landscape Change and Perceptions of Wildlife

Some wildlife species are adapting to urbanizing settings made more attractive due to changes in land-use practices, human attitudes and behaviors, and conservation efforts. People who live in communities near suburban parks are encountering wildlife more frequently than in the past, with varying reactions. In-depth interviews conducted with residents living near three national parks yielded insight on “suburban deer” as an emerging social construct. Interviewees described expectations about deer abundance and behavior that guided their interactions with suburban deer and affected deer behavior, which in turn affected interviewees’ evaluations of deer and subsequent responses to interactions. Left unchecked, this process may result in the ultimate “tragedy of becoming common,” when species are no longer viewed as wildlife, but as pests or pets. In the absence of an established cultural construct for suburban wildlife, stakeholder engagement will continue to play an important role in understanding and addressing these diverging views.
Bioinformatics Track Predicting beneficial alleles using comparative genomics

Motivation: Over the last years there have been many e↵orts in predicting the possible deleterious e↵ect of genetic variants. However, due to an increase in longevity research and research into protective variants, there is an increasing need for predicting protective alleles and alleles that have a beneficial e↵ect on human functioning. Methods: We created an evolutionary model based on the human-derived allele frequency (DAF), i.e. the allele frequency of alleles not yet present in our last common ancestor with the chimpanzee. Based on this model we generated a training set containing three types of variants: beneficial variants, deleterious variants, and neutral variants. The idea behind the model is that beneficial alleles will be overrepresented in the variants with a high DAF since beneficial alleles fixate relatively rapidly. A balance between new alleles and negative selection pressure keeps the low DAF variants enriched for deleterious variants. Neutral variants only encountering pressures from random genetic drift can be found all over the DAF spectrum and since the extreme ends are enriched for deleterious alleles and beneficial alleles the middle part of the spectrum should be enriched for neutral alleles. After labeling all variants in ExAC according to these principals, we collected a broad range of genetic and genomic features for each of the labeled variants. Using this dataset we trained a classifier to separate the three classes and assessed its performance. Results: The model was successful in separating the three classes in our training set. The model could also separate pathogenic variants and benign variants from the ClinVar database. When inspecting beneficially predicted variants we found that they often associate to beneficial traits in genome-wide association studies. We found that deleterious alleles are di↵erent from the other alleles because of their higher conservation, where beneficial alleles could be distinguished because of their higher mutability. Lastly, we show that according to the model a cohort of cognitively healthy centenarians is enriched for beneficial alleles. Committee members Erwin Bakker (Universiteit Leiden) Henne Holstege (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) Marc Hulsman (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) Frank Jacobs (Universiteit van Amsterdam) Marcel Reinders (Technische Universiteit Delft) David Tax (Technische Universiteit Delft)
The financing of male– and female–owned businesses

Whether female entrepreneurs are disadvantaged in financing their business has been an important policy theme within the gender and enterprise literature. The question has remained controversial, as different methodological approaches have yielded contradictory results. A particular challenge is how we can best move on from exploratory research to more rigorous methods needed to separate gender differences from other causative agents. This paper presents new data on the sources and uses of finance by male and female proprietors using data obtained from a customized academic survey of 600 (300 male–owned and 300 female–owned) British businesses, part of a 3–year study on the impact of gender and small business management. The results show quantifiable gender differences in certain areas of business financing, although intra–sectoral similarities demonstrate that gender is only one of a number of variables that affect the financing process.
Consumer World-Mindedness and Attitudes toward Product Positioning in Advertising: An Examination of Global versus Foreign versus Local Positioning

In recent years, increasing interest has emerged in examining global consumer culture and its impact on consumer product preferences and choices, lifestyles, and exposure to mass media from other countries. In turn, this has sparked interest in concepts such as consumer world-mindedness and its impact on attitudes and behavior. The current research examines differences in consumer response to advertisements reflecting a global consumer culture positioning (GCCP) versus a foreign consumer culture positioning (FCCP) or a local consumer culture positioning (LCCP) and the relationship with consumer world-mindedness. In Studies 1 and 2, the authors examine the impact of world-mindedness, while controlling for ethnocentric attitudes. In Study 3, they examine the interactions of world-mindedness, international travel, and preference for authenticity. The authors develop several hypotheses and examine them using two surveys of 90 (Study 1) and 100 consumers (Studies 2 and 3) in the Netherlands. The results demonstrate, for example, that advertisements for brands with FCCP and GCCP are nomologically different and evaluated differently.
Economic Growth Dynamics And Short-Term External Debt In Thailand

The paper examined the short- and long-run relationships between short-term external debt and economic growth in Thailand over the period 1970-2003. The ARDL-bounds test procedure to co-integration was used. Results reveal that real STED and real GDP are correlated positively and significantly as well as co-integrated. There is indirect Granger-causality from economic growth to short-term external debt for the consumption effects. There is evidence that economic growth, exchange rate, and international reserves are determinants of short-term external debt for Thailand. The prominence of exchange rates suggests that it may be used to correct for STED disequilibrium in Thailand. To our knowledge we are the first to uncover these results.
The fine‐needle aspiration biopsy cytology of pancreatoblastoma

We describe the clinical, cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features of primary and metastatic pancreatoblastoma (PBL), a rare primary pancreatic malignancy of both adults and children. An 18‐yr‐old male patient presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea and had a 9‐cm pancreatic mass that was revealed by CT scan. The fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smears from the pancreas specimen and the lung metastasis were cellular and were composed of a combination of solid sheets, three‐dimensional, loosely cohesive epithelial groups, and primitive spindled mesenchymal tissue with focal cartilage formation. Acinar formations were best appreciated on cell block preparations, and squamoid corpuscles were seen only on cell block. Zymogen granules were demonstrated in a subset of the epithelial cells using periodic‐acid Schiff stains with and without diastase and dual acinar‐endocrine differentiation was evident using a focused panel of immunohistochemical stains. Acinar‐cell carcinoma (ACC) is the most difficult neoplasm to distinguish from PBL, both clinically and cytologically, especially in young children. The key to distinguishing them is to note the presence of squamous corpuscles and/or heterologous elements such as cartilage.
Stop-and-go movements of plant Golgi stacks are mediated by the acto-myosin system.

The Golgi apparatus in plant cells consists of a large number of independent Golgi stack/trans-Golgi network/Golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To study the dynamic behavior of these Golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cDNA from soybean (Glycine max), GmMan1, encoding the resident Golgi protein alpha-1,2 mannosidase I. The predicted protein of approximately 65 kD shows similarity of general structure and sequence (45% identity) to class I animal and fungal alpha-1,2 mannosidases. Expression of a GmMan1::green fluorescent protein fusion construct in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow 2 suspension-cultured cells revealed the presence of several hundred to thousands of fluorescent spots. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrates that these spots correspond to individual Golgi stacks and that the fusion protein is largely confined to the cis-side of the stacks. In living cells, the stacks carry out stop-and-go movements, oscillating rapidly between directed movement and random "wiggling. " Directed movement (maximal velocity 4.2 microm/s) is related to cytoplasmic streaming, occurs along straight trajectories, and is dependent upon intact actin microfilaments and myosin motors, since treatment with cytochalasin D or butanedione monoxime blocks the streaming motion. In contrast, microtubule-disrupting drugs appear to have a small but reproducible stimulatory effect on streaming behavior. We present a model that postulates that the stop-and-go motion of Golgi-trans-Golgi network units is regulated by "stop signals" produced by endoplasmic reticulum export sites and locally expanding cell wall domains to optimize endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and Golgi to cell wall trafficking.
Aspects of Labor Market Adjustments in Japan

This article discusses some aspects of labor market adjustments in Japan that may be relevant to the low unemployment rate there. Japanese statistics treat kyugyosha (persons not at work) as being employed, but some of these workers would be counted as unemployed in the United States. The kyugyosha group appears to increase in size during downturns and decreases during upturns, suggesting that temporarily laid-off persons are an important part of this group. Japanese employers evidently rely less on employment adjustments, and more on adjustments in hours of work and inventory, while employers in the United States rely more on employment adjustments, to deal with cyclical changes in product demand. Japanese manufacturing employment became less sensitive, and hours of work more sensitive, to demand shocks after the introduction of the Employment Insurance Law in 1975.
High Road to a Global Marketplace: The International Transmission of Stock Market Fluctuations

The paper reports the results of a cross-spectral analysis of the price behavior of stock market indices in 23 countries. The primary goal of our study is to test for interdependence between the time series of stock market indices to support or reject the hypothesis that world markets are becoming more integrated. We reassess and extend findings of the late 1970s measuring the coherence and lead/lag relationship between stock markets world-wide, employing a time series of daily country index returns. In contrast to earlier results, we find a high and statistically significant level of interdependence between stock markets, and we also find that U.S. index prices lead almost every country index in the sample. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.
Does volume provide information? Evidence from the Irish Stock Market

The mixture of distributions hypothesis (MDH) suggests that trading volume of shares provides information to share prices and returns. This study examines this, for the first time, in the context of the Irish stock exchange. The evidence is mixed, and only weakly in favour of the MDH. Volume appears not to be important in explaining the volatility of the Irish market.
ECB Policy Responses between 2007 and 2014: a chronological analysis and a money quantity assessment of their effects

In this paper, we analyse the ECB policy measures in place since the outbreak of the financial crisis. First, we discuss the categorisation of the measures implemented by the ECB. Second, we study the phases of the crises and the concrete policy responses. Third, we conduct a comparative analysis of the ECB and the FED responses at the beginning of the crises with regard to the financial system structure, the determinants of the balance sheet size and composition, the risk absorbed, and the exit strategy involved. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of the ECB’s monetary policy from a traditional monetarist perspective during the entire period, by analysing its impact on monetary aggregates and the money multiplier.
Management Motivation and Market Assessment: Revaluations of Fixed Assets

The study examines Hong Kong managers' motivation for upward revaluation of fixed assets. The results show that revaluations are positively associated with the firms' future operating performance, suggesting that the managers' primary motivation for upward revaluation of fixed assets has been to signal fair value of assets to financial statements users. Another motivation for revaluations has been to improve the firm's borrowing capacity. The results also indicate a significantly positive association between revaluations and stock prices and returns, suggesting that the market's assessment aligns with the managers' revaluations.
Shaping the future of paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe progressive pulmonary vascular disease with a detrimental prognosis. The studies described in this thesis give specific paediatric data that is necessary to improve outcome of paediatric PAH. Three large patient cohorts were involved in these studies: our national registry for pulmonary hypertension including all Dutch children with PAH, the unique international TOPP-registry with 699 patients from 19 countries and a large international cohort from expert centres in The Netherlands, Denver and New York. The epidemiologic data from this thesis provides new information on the presentation, associated diseases and risk factors of PAH. This data helps to detect the disease in an earlier phase and even screen for the disease in specific risk groups. The current paediatric acute response criteria, used to identify children that qualify for calcium channel blocker therapy, could be rejected based on this thesis. We demonstrated that newer criteria could better identify patients that respond well to calcium channel blocker therapy. Hereby the right patients can be selected for calcium channel blocker therapy and PAH-targeted therapy is not wrongly withheld for false responders. Furthermore, we provided the first evidence that add-on therapy is effective in children with PAH and that combination therapy improves outcome compared to mono-therapy. Also, we could identify parameters that can predict outcome of children with PAH and that can serve as treatment targets. Therefore this thesis provides a scientific basis for an aggressive treatment strategy for children with PAH, that can improve outcome for these children.
Single‐cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay): Loops or fragments?

Single‐cell gel electrophoresis, or the comet assay, is widely used to measure DNA damage and repair. Upon electrophoresis, the DNA of lysed, agarose‐embedded cells known as nucleoids, extends towards the anode in a structure resembling a comet, the relative intensity of the tail reflecting the frequency of DNA breaks. The structural organization of the DNA within comet preparations is not fully understood. We have used fluorescent in situ hybridization with large‐insert genomic probes and human Cot‐I DNA to investigate whether the production of the comet tail is simply explained by the relaxation of supercoiled DNA loops. We find that, under neutral electrophoresis conditions, when the tail and head DNA are double‐stranded, the probed sequence of DNA is seen as a linear array, consistent with extension from a fixed point on the nuclear core or matrix. After alkaline electrophoresis, the appearance of the fluorescent probes suggests that linear DNA has coalesced into a granular form.