Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurological Events Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Their Predictors: A Report From the CoreValve Trials

Background—The risk for stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an important concern. Identification of predictors for stroke is likely to be a critical factor aiding patient selection and management as TAVR use becomes widespread. Methods and Results—Patients enrolled in the CoreValve US Extreme Risk and High Risk Pivotal Trials or Continued Access Study treated with the self-expanding CoreValve bioprosthesis were included in this analysis. The 1-year stroke rate after TAVR was 8.4%. Analysis of the stroke hazard rate identified an early phase (0–10 days; 4.1% of strokes) and a late phase (11–365 days; 4.3% of strokes). Baseline predictors of early stroke included National Institutes of Health stroke scale score >0, prior stroke, prior transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, absence of prior coronary artery bypass surgery, angina, low body mass index (<21 kg/m2), and falls within the past 6 months. Significant procedural predictors were total time in the catheterization laboratory or operating room, delivery catheter in the body time, rapid pacing used during valvuloplasty, and repositioning of the prosthesis. Predictors of stroke between 11 and 365 days were small body surface area, severe aortic calcification, and falls within the past 6 months. There were no significant imaging predictors of early or late stroke. Conclusions—Predictors of early stroke after TAVR included clinical and procedural factors; predictors of later stroke were limited to patient but not anatomic characteristics. These findings indicate that further refinement of imaging to identify anatomic factors predisposing to embolization may help improve stroke prediction in patients undergoing TAVR. Clinical Trial Registrations—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01240902, NCT01531374.
The Contribution of Thumbnail Image, Mouse-over Text and Spatial Location Memory to Web Page Retrieval in 3D

We present an empirical evaluation of the contribution of pictorial image and spatial location information on the retrieval of previously stored web pages. Subjects were given 100 snapshots of web pages that they stored in spatial locations on an inclined plane in a desktop 3D environment (Data Mountain). We had them return and try to retrieve their pages again, using a variety of retrieval cues. Even though users had not seen their web page layout for several months, their retrieval times were not significantly slower. In addition, on half of the trials, stored pages were not presented as thumbnail images of the web pages but as blank icons. Taking the pictorial thumbnail images away initially led to a significant drop in subjects’ ability to find the pages, although within a short period of time subjects were able to find the pages equally fast without the thumbnail information. These results indicate that the use of 3D visualization techniques such as those described in this paper can lead to improved user memory for where favorite or frequently used information is stored in an electronic environment.
When Self-View Is at Stake: Responses to Ostracism Through the Lens of Self-Verification Theory

We examined the conditions under which workplace ostracism promotes prosocial reactions (i.e., helping behavior) and deters antisocial behavior (i.e., social loafing). Using data from 213 employees and their direct supervisors, we found that when group identification is strong, workplace ostracism increases the helping behavior and decreases the social loafing of employees. Moreover, we found that employees’ tenure further moderates this effect; for those employees who have a strong group identification and long tenure, the positive association of ostracism and helping behavior is the strongest.
TeleWEAR: engaging users and suppliers of telecare in product design

Telecare is the remote or enhanced delivery of care services to people in their own home or community setting using ICT. Telecare is expected to play an important role in addressing some of the challenges of an ageing population. However, products are often unsatisfactory and a major contributing factor is that suppliers do not typically involve users in design processes. This paper describes a participatory design project involving 25 designers, 6 service users, 11 potential future service users and 2 telecare suppliers: six concept designs were created for a wearable alarm button in two half-day workshops. Our main contribution is to present the design features considered most important to users, which can be incorporated into future product designs and inform other wearable alarm systems for older people. As a result of the project, a leading supplier has invited users to participate in their research and development activities for the first time.
“Red‐flag” symptom clusters in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy

Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR‐FAP) is a rare, progressive, life‐threatening, hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene and characterized by extracellular deposition of transthyretin‐derived amyloid fibrils in peripheral and autonomic nerves, heart, and other organs. TTR‐FAP is frequently diagnosed late because the disease is difficult to recognize due to phenotypic heterogeneity. Based on published literature and expert opinion, symptom clusters suggesting TTR‐FAP are reviewed, and practical guidance to facilitate earlier diagnosis is provided. TTR‐FAP should be suspected if progressive peripheral sensory‐motor neuropathy is observed in combination with one or more of the following: family history of a neuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, gastrointestinal problems, inexplicable weight loss, carpal tunnel syndrome, renal impairment, or ocular involvement. If TTR‐FAP is suspected, transthyretin genotyping, confirmation of amyloid in tissue biopsy, large‐ and small‐fiber assessment by nerve conduction studies and autonomic system evaluations, and cardiac testing should be performed.
An Environmental Enrichment Programme to Promote Adaptive Responding in Two Children with Multiple Disabilities

Abstract An environmental enrichment programme was used for two passive children who had visual and hearing impairments and profound intellectual disabilities. The enrichment items, selected through stimulus preference assessments, were accessible contingent on simple adaptive responses. Data showed that both children increased their adaptive responding (thus reducing their passivity) during the programme. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Perceptions of Deservedness of Social Aid as a Function of Prenatal Diagnostic Testing1

This study examined whether judgments of deservedness of social aid subsequent to the birth of a disabled child vary as a function of prenatal diagnostic testing (PDT) use as predicted by the attribution-affect-action model (Weiner, 1980). A sample of family physicians/obstetricians (n= 341) and a university employee sample (n= 281) made attribution ratings in 3 scenarios in which an at-risk pregnant woman gave birth to a disabled child. The findings indicate that women who chose not to use PDT or who chose to continue the pregnancy following a diagnosis were judged more responsible, more to blame, and less deserving of both sympathy and social aid subsequent to giving birth to a disabled child than were women to whom testing was not made available.
The Role of Positive Psychology in Enhancing Satisfaction, Motivation, and Productivity in the Workplace

Abstract Positive psychology offers scope for enhancing satisfaction, motivation, and productivity in the workplace. Wiegand and Geller (2004, this issue) point to a number of strategies to enhance individuals' success orientation and conclude their discussion with the actively caring model which appears to be a useful means of representing pivotal facets of a positive and supportive workplace climate. The discussion in this article extends some of the concepts presented in their paper, adapts a model of motivation to develop the Occupational Motivation and Engagement Wheel, and also further discusses some particularly key strategies alluded to by Wiegand and Geller. These include a discussion of workplace resilience, authoritarian versus authoritative leadership/management styles, motivating workplace climates, personal bests, staff morale, flow in work, the value individuals attach to tasks and outcomes, and the centrality of relationships in the performance context. The article concludes with a multi-level “broaden and build” framework for enhancing satisfaction, motivation, and productivity in the workplace.
Association of tuberculosis and M. tuberculosis-specific antibody levels with HLA.

In the search for HLA-linked immune response genes that control susceptibility to tuberculosis, we performed HLA typing and measured antibody titers to well-defined Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigenic determinants in 101 patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and 64 healthy controls from Surabaya, Indonesia. HLA-DR2 and DQw1 were associated with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (attributable risk = 36% and 39%, respectively), while DQw3 was associated even more strongly with the control group (preventive fraction = 57%). Antibody titers to the TB71 and TB72 epitopes of the 38-kDa protein, present only on tubercle bacilli, were strongly associated with DR2 (Pcorr = .001 and .024, respectively). The association of both the disease and the antibody response to the 38-kDa antigen of M. tuberculosis with Class II HLA genes HLA-DR2 indicates that Ir-gene-mediated regulation of the immune response to this antigen may be of pathogenic significance for the development of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis.
Microsatellite Markers Reveal Strong Genetic Structure in the Endemic Chilean Dolphin

Understanding genetic differentiation and speciation processes in marine species with high dispersal capabilities is challenging. The Chilean dolphin, Cephalorhynchus eutropia, is the only endemic cetacean of Chile and is found in two different coastal habitats: a northern habitat with exposed coastlines, bays and estuaries from Valparaíso (33°02′S) to Chiloé (42°00′S), and a southern habitat with highly fragmented inshore coastline, channels and fjords between Chiloé and Navarino Island (55°14′S). With the aim of evaluating the potential existence of conservation units for this species, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Chilean dolphin along its entire range. We genotyped 21 dinucleotide microsatellites for 53 skin samples collected between 1998 and 2012 (swab: n = 8, biopsy: n = 38, entanglement n = 7). Bayesian clustering and spatial model analyses identified two genetically distinct populations corresponding to the northern and southern habitats. Genetic diversity levels were similar in the two populations (He: 0.42 v/s 0.45 for southern and northern populations, respectively), while effective size population was higher in the southern area (Ne: 101 v/s 39). Genetic differentiation between these two populations was high and significant (FST = 0.15 and RST = 0.19), indicating little or no current gene flow. Because of the absence of evident geographical barriers between the northern and southern populations, we propose that genetic differentiation may reflect ecological adaptation to the different habitat conditions and resource uses. Therefore, the two genetic populations of this endemic and Near Threatened species should be considered as different conservation units with independent management strategies.
Comprehensive and quantitative study of rank‐4 order diffusion tensor imaging and positive definite rank‐4 order diffusion tensor imaging: A higher order tensor imaging study

Rank‐4 order diffusion tensor imaging (DT4) has been shown to be able to capture complex local tissue structures, for example, crossing fibers, but it cannot ensure the positive‐definite property of diffusion. As a result, the positive‐definite rank‐4 order diffusion tensor imaging was presented to guarantee the positive‐definite property. However, a comprehensive comparison that concerns SNR of Rician noise, effect of the numbers of gradient directions and the ability of detecting IVOH between DT4 and PDT4 has never been performed. To overcome these limitations, a comprehensive comparison between the two methods is made. Results show that it can help to determine whether the applied noise is close to the clinical application by estimating corresponding SNRs. Compared with DT4, PDT4 can achieve better result in terms of fiber error, standard deviation (SD) of generalized trace (GT) and generalized anisotropy (GA). PDT4 can increase the values of GA and scaled entropy, especially in nonwhite matter areas. Thus this study comes to conclusions as follows. The relationship between SNR and SD of Rician noise should be considered. PDT4 can achieve higher accuracy and better stability, but the advantage will become unobvious with increasing of sample directions and SNR. PDT4 will detect fake IVOH in nonwhite matter areas. The works in this article can provide an optimized plan for making sampling scheme and choosing proper imaging methods.
An Examination of Reflective Thinking, Learning Approaches, and Self‐Efficacy Beliefs at the University of the South Pacific: A path analysis approach

This study examined the causal and mediating relations between students’ learning approaches, self‐efficacy beliefs, stages of reflective thinking, and academic performance. Second‐year undergraduate students (n = 241; 118 females, 123 males) in the South Pacific were administered the revised version of Biggs’ Study Process Questionnaire, the Reflective Thinking Questionnaire, and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Latent variables analysis indicated that a surface learning approach contributed to the prediction of habitual action, and a deep learning approach predicted understanding and self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy directly predicted the stages of reflective thinking, with the exception of critical thinking, and understanding negatively predicted academic performance. Finally, with the exception of critical thinking, the stages of reflective thinking were found to relate causally in a unidimensional manner.
Hyperprolactinemia and infertility: new insights.

Clinical vignette: A 29-year-old woman is referred for management of infertility. After menarche at age 12, menses occurred irregularly for a year and then became regular. She initiated use of oral contraceptive pills at the age of 18, then stopped at age 27 to try to conceive. Evaluation revealed hyperprolactinemia with serum prolactin of 90 ng/ml; pituitary MRI showed a 6-mm microadenoma. Other pituitary function tested was normal. Therapy was initiated with bromocriptine, but it was poorly tolerated, with fatigue, nausea, and lightheadedness to the point of syncopal events during her work as a hairdresser. Treatment was changed to cabergoline, with similar difficulties. Prolactin levels declined to the 30s–40s, but she was never able to tolerate the medication sufficiently to attain normal prolactin levels, and menses were sporadic and infrequent, with only 2–3 occurring per year. She and her husband had not conceived despite regular unprotected intercourse. She asks whether other medical treatment options might be available for her infertility.
Using Complex Event Processing for Dynamic Business Process Adaptation

As the amount of data generated by today's pervasive environments increases exponentially, there is a stronger need to decipher the important information that is hidden among it. By using complex event processing, we can obtain the information that really matters to our organization and use it to improve our processes. However, even when this information is retrieved, business processes remain static and cannot be changed dynamically to adapt to the actual scenario, diminishing the advantages that can be achieved. In this paper we present CEVICHE, a framework that combines the strengths of complex event processing and dynamic business process adaptation, which allows to respond to the needs of today's rapidly changing environments. We use a simple car rental scenario to show how CEVICHE could be used to maintain the quality of service of a business process by adapting it according to the situation.
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy in a shear flow

We present a new technique for measuring velocity gradients for laminar shear flow, using dynamic light scattering in the strongly multiple-scattering regime. We derive temporal autocorrelation functions for multiply scattered light, taking into account particle displacements arising from deterministic shear flow and random Brownian motion. The laminar shear flow and Brownian motion are characterized by the relaxation rates τS−1=Γ¯k0l*/30 and τB−1 = Dk02, respectively, where Γ¯ is the mean shear rate of the scatterers, k0 = 2πn/λ is the wave number in the scattering medium, l* is the transport mean free path of the photons, and D is the diffusion coefficient of the scatterers. We obtain excellent agreement between theory and experiment over a wide range of shear rates, 0.5sec−1<Γ¯<200sec−1. In addition, the autocorrelation function for forward scattering is independent of the scattering properties of the medium and depends only on the mean shear rate and sample thickness when τS is much less than τB. Thus the mean shear rate can be simply determined by a single measurement.
Speaker‐specific kinematic properties of alveolar reductions in English and German

A simultaneous EPG/EMA study of tongue gestures of five speakers was conducted to investigate the kinematic events accompanying alveolar stop reductions in the context of a velar plosive /k/ and in the context of a laryngeal fricative /h/ in two languages, English and German. No systematic language differences could be detected. Alveolar productions before a following /h/ showed only a marginal weakening of the formation of complete occlusion, while alveolar productions before a following /k/ showed a wide range of reductions, including instances of a complete deletion of the alveolar gesture. The extension of movement reduction varied between and within subjects. Importantly, while speakers were consistent with themselves, they employed different articulatory patterns with respect to the timing relationship between movement initiation, overall movement duration, peak velocity as well as closure duration. An attempt is made to relate the observed movement patterns to the dynamic factors of the speech mechanism.
Channel Frequency Response Estimation for MIMO Systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization

Since its recent adoption for the uplink transmissions in the next-generation cellular systems 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced, single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE), an effective technique to mitigate the distortion induced by long-spanning intersymbol interference has seen a surge of interest in the research community. Implementation of SC-FDE in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems usually requires, in advance, the channel information in terms of the channel frequency response (CFR). In this paper, we present a training-based CFR estimation scheme, which is hardware efficient when integrated with SC-FDE and space-time coding (STC) in MIMO systems. A thorough mean square error (MSE) analysis of this CFR estimation scheme is provided, where we consider linear estimators based on both least squares (LS) and minimum MSE (MMSE) criteria by assuming different knowledge of the channel statistics. More specifically, for the LS-based approach, we assume no a priori knowledge of the channel statistics is given other than the noise statistics, while for the MMSE-based method, we assume both the channel covariance matrix and the noise statistics are known. Given a constraint which effectively limits the transmit power of training signals, we also investigate the optimal design of training signals under both criteria. For the special case when the number of transmit antennas is equal to 2, we further demonstrate that the CFR estimation could be implemented in an adaptive manner by means of certain block-wise recursive algorithms. Extensive simulation results are provided, which demonstrate the efficacy of this CFR estimation scheme.
Organ-Specific Regulation of the CD8 T Cell Response to Listeria monocytogenes Infection1

The intestinal mucosal CD8 T cell response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes was measured using MHC class I tetramers and was compared with the response in peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid tissue, and liver. To assess the vaccination potential of Listeria and to analyze responses in C57BL/6 mouse strains, a recombinant Listeria expressing OVA (rLM-ova) was generated. The response peaked at 9 days postinfection with a much larger fraction of the intestinal mucosa and liver CD8 T cell pool OVA specific, as compared with the spleen. However, these differences were not linked to bacterial titers in each site. The higher responses in lamina propria and liver resulted in a larger CD8 memory population in these tissues. Furthermore, the level of memory induced was dependent on infectious dose and inversely correlated with the magnitude of the recall response after oral challenge. Recall responses in the tissues were most robust in the lamina propria and liver, and reactivated Ag-specific T cells produced IFN-γ. Infection of CD40- or MHC class II-deficient mice induced poor CD8 T cell responses in the intestinal mucosa, but only partially reduced responses in the spleen and liver. Overall, the results point to novel pathways of tissue-specific regulation of primary and memory antimicrobial CD8 T cell responses.
Patterns of Voluntary Participation in Membership Associations

Previous studies of membership associations identify differences between passive and active participation and also identify both sociodemographic and motivational factors as influencing participation. Extant research has, however, relied on cross-sectional survey data which does not capture the whole picture of an individual’s memberships. This article reports on a mixed-methods study of members of voluntary associations in the UK heritage sector to examine patterns of participation. The data reveals intensity of participation ranging from passive to active membership and we identify a new form of engagement: substituters. We find motivation to be the main influence on participation level and identify a new group of members based on their motivation: hobbyists. The data also reveals barriers to participation, including distance to the heritage site, aging, work and family commitments, and participation in other membership or voluntary associations. Last, members display varying levels of participation over time within the same association.