Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Various Forms of Locomotion-Speed Diverse or Unique Performance Quality?

Abstract The forward-sprint is considered to be, and is regularly performed as, a unique measure of “on-ground” linearspeed performance. Thus far, no investigation has simultaneously studied different forms of linear-speed or investigated whether different forms of linear-speed should be observed as unique performance quality. The purpose of this study was to determine (I) the achievements (i.e. execution time), and (II) the reliability and inter-relationships between various linear-speed performances. The participants were 42 male physical education students with substantial sport-specific backgrounds. We applied a total of six tests: three quadrupedal (supine backward, supine forward, and pronate backward locomotion) and three bipedal-performances (forward sprinting, backward sprinting, lateral shuffling). All of the tests showed appropriate reliability parameters (Cronbach Alpha ranged from 0.91 to 0.97; Inter-Item-R 0.78-0.92; Coefficient-of-Variation 1.3-9.1). The tests used in this study shared between 9% and 50% of the common variance. Our results suggest that different activities require activity-specific tests of linear-speed. This is particularly significant in those sports and activities in which quadrupedal locomotion patterns are highly important (wrestling, physically trained military services, law enforcement, fire and rescue, protective services).
Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or Ecstasy

This review of chronic tolerance to MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine) covers the empirical data on dosage escalation, reduced subjective efficacy and bingeing in recreational Ecstasy users. Novice users generally take a single Ecstasy tablet, regular users typically take 2-3 tablets, whereas the most experienced users may take 10-25 tablets in a single session. Reduced subjective efficacy following repeated usage is typically described, with many users subjectively reporting the development of tolerance. Intensive self-administration or bingeing is often noted by experienced users. This can comprise ‘stacking’ on several tablets together, and ‘boosting’ on successive doses over an extended period. Some experienced users snort Ecstasy powder nasally, whereas a small minority inject MDMA. Chronic tolerance and bingeing are statistically linked to higher rates of drug-related psychobiological problems. In terms of underlying mechanisms, neuroadaptive processes are certainly involved, but there is a paucity of evidence on hepatic and behavioural mechanisms. Further studies specifically designed to investigate chronic tolerance, involving low intermittent dose regimens, are required. Most animal research has involved intensive MDMA dosing regimens designed to engender serotonergic neurotoxicity, and this may comprise another underlying mechanism. If distal serotonin axon terminal loss was also developing in recreational users, it may help to explain why reducing subjective efficacy, dosage escalation and increasing psychobiological problems often develop in parallel. In conclusion, there is extensive evidence for chronic pharmacodynamic tolerance to recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, but the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. Several traditional processes are probably involved, but one of the possible causes is a novel mechanism largely unique to the ring substituted amphetamine derivatives, namely serotonergic neurotoxicity.
Genetic Algorithms for 0/1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problems

An important class of combinatorial optimization problems are the Multidimensional 0/1 Knapsacks, and various heuristic and exact methods have been devised to solve them. Among these, Genetic Algorithms have emerged as a powerful new search paradigms. We show how a proper selection of parameters and search mechanisms lead to an implementation of Genetic Algorithms that yields high quality solutions. The methods are tested on a portfolio of 0/1 multidimensional knapsack problems from literature, and a minimum of domain-specific knowledge is used to guide the search process. The quality of the produced results rivals, and in some cases surpasses, the best solutions obtained by special-purpose methods that have been created to exploit the special structure of these problems.
The Journey towards Inclusion: Exploring the Response of Teachers to the Challenge of Diversity in Schools

The general objective of the research presented in this article was to explore the attention to the diversity of students in kindergartens, and primary and high schools in the Region of Murcia (southeast of Spain). This study adopted a methodology of a quantitative nature. The instrument used to collect the data was the Themis Inclusion Tool (Azorín and Ainscow, 2018), which is a Likert scale aimed at teachers formed by three dimensions: contexts, resources and processes. Themis was administered to 545 teachers from 38 schools. This allowed knowing a series of strengths and weaknesses and diagnosing the profile of the schools (barely inclusive, towards inclusion and inclusive), and verifying statistically significant differences according to the variables studied (type of school, location and school stage). According to the results, the strengths focused on the process dimension, making reference to the teaching work, while the weaknesses were found in the contexts dimension, highlighting the scarce commitment between the schools and their communities. Differences were also found according to the type of school and the school stage. Finally, the predominant profile was “towards inclusion”. Therefore, the conclusions pointed to the need to continue working for the development of more inclusive practices in schools.
Effect of Intermediate Repeated Items on Immediate Recall in a Modified Hebb Paradigm

Studies that used the Hebb paradigm have contributed to our understanding of the way in which short-term serial information is consolidated in long-term memory. However, it is unclear whether the learning of repeated series occurs solely within a serial context. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the repetition of intermediate items in a given list is conducive to learning these items. We modified the Hebb paradigm by introducing repeated stimuli only in midlist positions. Letter lists were introduced in 4 different experimental conditions. Experiment 1 involved repetition of the intermediate items with participants who did not benefit from central item repetitions. In Experiment 2, only the first item was highlighted within the repeated intermediate series, and learning was restricted to just that item as opposed to the entire sequence. In Experiment 3, the repeated intermediate items were circled, and learning was observed exclusively within the highlighted series. Experiment 4 had no repeated sequences, and all intermediate items were circled; no learning effect of these items was observed. We conclude that the repetition of only the midlist items is insufficient to produce learning. Similarly, perceptual aspects were advantageous in the learning of repeated series. These findings may support future studies on the benefit of repetition and distinctiveness in serial learning.
Characterization of the Properties of a Novel Mutation in VAPB in Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Following the mutation screening of genes known to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in index cases from 107 familial ALS (FALS) kindred, a point mutation was identified in vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), or VAMP-associated protein B, causing an amino acid change from threonine to isoleucine at codon 46 (T46I) in one FALS case but not in 257 controls. This is an important finding because it is only the second mutation identified in this gene that causes ALS. In order to investigate the pathogenic effects of this mutation, we have used a motor neuron cell line and tissue-specific expression of the mutant protein in Drosophila. We provide substantial evidence for the pathogenic effects of this mutation in abolishing the effect of wild type VAPB in the unfolded protein response, promoting ubiquitin aggregate formation, and activating neuronal cell death. We also report that expression of the mutant protein in the Drosophila motor system induces aggregate deposition, endoplasmic reticulum disorganization, and chaperone up-regulation both in neurons and in muscles. Our integrated analysis of the pathogenic effect of the T46I mutation and the previously identified P56S mutation indicate extensive commonalities in the disease mechanism for these two mutations. In summary, we show that this newly identified mutation in human FALS has a pathogenic effect, supporting and reinforcing the role of VAPB as a causative gene of ALS.
Expression of ob mRNA and its encoded protein in rodents. Impact of nutrition and obesity.

The mutant gene responsible for obesity in the ob/ob mouse was recently identified by positional cloning (Zhang Y., R. Proenca, M. Maffel, M. Barone, L. Leopold, and J.M. Friedman. 1994. Nature (Lond.) 372:425). The encoded protein and to represent and "adipostat" signal reflecting the state of energy stores. We confirm that the adipocyte is the source of ob mRNA and that the predicted 16-kD ob protein is present in rodent serum as detected by Western blot. To evaluate the hypothesis that it might represent an adipostat, we assessed serum levels of ob protein and expression of ob mRNA in adipose cells and tissue of rodents in response to a variety of perturbations which effect body fat mass. Both ob protein and ob mRNA expression are markedly increased in obesity. The levels of ob protein are approximately 5-10-fold elevated in serum of db/db mice, in mice with hypothalamic lesions caused by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG), and in mice with toxigene induced brown fat ablation, (UCP-DTA). Very parallel changes are observed in adipocyte ob mRNA expression in these models and in ob/ob mice. As predicted however, no serum ob protein could be detected in the ob/ob mice. By contrast to obesity, starvation of normal rats and mice for 1-3 d markedly suppresses ob mRNA abundance, and this is reversed with refeeding. Similarly, ob protein concentration in normal mice falls to undetectable levels with starvation. In the ob/ob, UCP-DTA and MSG models, overexpression of ob mRNA is reversed by caloric restriction. These data support the hypothesis that expression of ob mRNA and protein are regulated as a function of energy stores, and that ob serves as a circulating feedback signal to sites involved in regulation of energy homeostasis.
Noise Characteristics and High-Frequency Noise Performance of InGaP / InGaAs / GaAs and InGaP / InGaAs / AlGaAs PHEMTs

We have previously compared the DC and RF performance between InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs and InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMTs [1]. In this paper, we will report the study of their respective noise characteristics. The InGaP gate barrier has the advantages of providing an adequate carrier confinement for the channel carriers while eliminating the common problems associated with the AlGaAs barrier. Between the two structures, the InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs PHEMTs exhibit better noise characteristics due to a better carrier confinement at the back channel. Our study also demonstrated an unprecedented lowfrequency noise performance of PHEMT with an InGaP Schottky barrier. INTRODUCTION Transistors with high electron mobility have been widely used in high-frequency and low-noise applications [2-3]. Presently, the Al-free InGaP Schottky layer has shown promises for more reliable operation of the PHEMT devices. Furthermore, recent experimental results from InGaP PHEMTs have indicated the absence of flicker noise [4-5]. In this study, we had explored the use of AlGaAs as the barrier at the back channel interface and compared the differences in both high -and low-frequency noise performance between InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs and InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMTs. DEVICES AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS The layer structures of InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs and InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs PHEMTs are depicted in Figure 1. Figure. 2, shows the effect of different back barriers on the device noise performance at high frequencies. The minimum noise figure at 12 GHz was measured for devices with different gate lengths, and common bias conditions: Vds=2V; and Ids=100mA/mm. From figure 2, it is seen that InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs exhibits a better noise performance at the measurement frequency. Figure 1: The layer structure of InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs and InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs PHEMTs. Figure 2: Minimum Noise Figure vs. gate length with device biased at Vds=2V and Ids=100mA/mm. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 InGaP/InGaAs/AlGaAs InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs
Ischaemic cardiovascular risk and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal complaints

Abstract Objective. To determine the influence of ischaemic cardiovascular (CV) risk on prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by general practitioners (GPs) in patients with musculoskeletal complaints. Design. Cohort study. Setting. A healthcare database containing the electronic GP medical records of over one million patients throughout the Netherlands. Patients. A total of 474 201 adults consulting their GP with a new musculoskeletal complaint between 2000 and 2010. Patients were considered at high CV risk if they had a history of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or peripheral arterial disease, and at low CV risk if they had no CV risk factors. Main outcome measures. Frequency of prescription of non-selective (ns)NSAIDs and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs). Results. Overall, 24.4% of patients were prescribed an nsNSAID and 1.4% a coxib. Of the 41,483 patients with a high CV risk, 19.9% received an nsNSAID and 2.2% a coxib. These patients were more likely to be prescribed a coxib than patients with a low CV risk (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.8–2.0). Prescription of nsNSAIDs decreased over time in all risk groups and was lower in patients with a high CV risk than in patients with a low CV risk (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7–0.8). Conclusion. Overall, patients with a high CV risk were less likely to be prescribed an NSAID for musculoskeletal complaints than patients with a low CV risk. Nevertheless, one in five high CV risk patients received an NSAID, indicating that there is still room for improvement.
Systematic Analysis and Identification of Stress-Responsive Genes of the NAC Gene Family in Brachypodium distachyon

Plant-specific NAC proteins are one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, and members of this family have been characterized with roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes, including development and stress responses. In the present study, we identified 101 putative NAC domain-encoding genes (BdNACs) through systematic sequence analysis in Brachypodium distachyon, a new model plant of family Poaceae. BdNAC proteins were phylogenetically clustered into 13 groups, and each group possesses similar motif compositions. Phylogenetic analysis using known stress-related NACs from Arabidopsis and rice as query sequences identified 18 BdNACs as putative stress-responsive genes. In silico promoter analysis showed that almost all BdNAC genes contain putative stress-related cis-elements in their promoter regions. Expression profile of BdNAC genes in response to abiotic stresses and phytohormones was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Several putative stress-responsive BdNAC genes, including BdNAC003 and BdNAC044 which is ortholog of known stress-responsive rice gene SNAC1 and SNAC2, respectively, were highly regulated by multiple abiotic stresses and stress-related phytohormone treatments. Taken together, our results presented here would be helpful in laying the foundation for understanding of the complex mechanisms of NAC mediated abiotic stress signaling transduction pathways in B. distachyon.
Local stellar kinematics from Hipparcos data

From the parallaxes and proper motions of a kinematically unbiased subsample of the Hipparcos Catalogue, we have re-determined as a function of colour the kinematics of main-sequence stars. Whereas the radial and vertical components of the mean heliocentric velocity of stars show no trend with colour, the component in the direction of Galactic rotation nicely follows the asymmetric drift relation, except for stars bluer than B − V = 0.1 mag. Extrapolating to zero dispersion yields, for the velocity of the Sun with respect to the local standard of rest (LSR) in km s−1, U0 = 10.00 ± 0.36 (radially inwards), V0 = 5.25 ± 0.62 (in the direction of Galactic rotation) and W0 = 7.17 ± 0.38 (vertically upwards). Parenago's discontinuity is beautifully visible in a plot of velocity dispersion against colour: the dispersion, which is essentially constant for late spectral types, decreases towards early spectral types blueward of B − V ≈ 0.61 mag. We determine the velocity dispersion tensor σ2 as function of colour. The mixed moments involving vertical motion are zero within the errors, while σ2xy is non-zero at about (10 km s−1)2 independently of colour. The resulting vertex deviations are about 20° for early-type stars and 10° ± 4° for old-disc stars. The persistence of the vertex deviation to late-type stars implies that the Galactic potential is significantly non-axisymmetric at the solar radius. If spiral arms are responsible for the non-axisymmetry, they cannot be tightly wound. Except for stars bluer than B − V= 0.1 mag, the ratios of the principal velocity dispersions are given by σ1:σ2:σ3 ≈ 2.2 : 1.4 : 1, while the absolute values increase with colour from σ1 ≈ 20 km s−1 at B − V = 0.2 mag to σ1 ≈ 38 km s−1 at Parenago's discontinuity and beyond. These ratios imply significant heating of the disc by spiral structure and that R0/Rd ≃ 3 to 3.5, where Rd is the scalelength of the disc.
Sixteen Cowries: Yoruba Divination from Africa to the New World

Preface Part One: Sixteen Cowries Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. The Divination Verses Chapter 3 The System of Belief Part Two: The Verses of Sixteen Cowries Chapter 4 Eji Ogbe 8 cowries Chapter 5 Ofun 10 cowries Chapter 6 Osa 9 cowries Chapter 7 Okanran 1 cowrey Chapter 8 Eji Oko 2 cowries Chapter 9 Irosun 4 cowries Chapter 10 Ose 5 cowries Chapter 11 Ogunda 3 cowries Chapter 12 Obara 6 cowries Chapter 13 Odi 7 cowries Chapter 14 Owonrin 11 cowries Chapter 15 Ejila Sebora 12 cowries Chapter 16 Ika 13 cowries Chapter 17 Oturupon 14 cowries Chapter 18 Ofun Kanran 15 cowries Chapter 19 Irete 16 cowries Chapter 20 Opira 0 cowries Appendix References Citeds
Pleiotropic Roles of uvrY on Biofilm Formation, Motility and Virulence in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073

Urinary tract infections primarily caused by uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) remain a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries. An important virulence determinant in uropathogenesis is biofilm formation which requires expression of fimbriae, flagella, and other surface components such as lipopolysaccharides. In this study, we explored the regulation of uvrY and csrA genes in biofilm formation, motility and virulence determinants in uropathogenic E. coli. We found that mutation in uvrY suppressed biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and glass, and complementation of uvrY in the mutant restored the biofilm phenotype. We further evaluated the role of uvrY gene in expression of type 1 fimbriae, an important adhesin that facilitates adhesion to various abiotic surfaces. We found that phase variation of type 1 fimbriae between fimbriated and afimbriated mode was modulated by uvrY at its transcriptional level. Deletion mutant of uvrY lowered expression of fimbrial recombinase genes, such as fimB, fimE, and fimA, a gene encoding major fimbrial subunit. Furthermore, transcription of virulence specific genes such as papA, hlyB and galU was also reduced in the deletion mutant. Swarming motility and expression of flhD and flhC was also diminished in the mutant. Taken together, our findings unravel a possible mechanism in which uvrY facilitates biofilm formation, persistence and virulence of uropathogenic E. coli.
Gender differences in Everyday Risk Taking: An Observational Study of Pedestrians in Newcastle upon Tyne

Evolutionary psychologists have put forward that there are evolved differences in risk taking between men and women. Potentially, these also play out in every day behaviours, such as in traffic. We hypothesised that (perceived) gender would influence using a pedestrian crossing. In addition, we also explored if a contextual factor, presence of daylight, could modify risk taking behaviour. 558 pedestrians were directly observed and their use of a crossing near a Metro station in a large city in the North East of England was coded. Using logistic regression, we found evidence that women were more inclined than men to use the crossing. We found no evidence for a contextual effect of daylight or an interaction between daylight and gender on use of the crossing. We discuss the limitations and implications of this finding with reference to literature on risk taking.
Persuasion by Proxy: Effects of Vicarious Self-Control Use on Reactions to Persuasion Attempts

© 2018 Guilford Publications, Inc. I thank Mallory Roman, Pariya Sripakdeevong, and Iris Wang for their dedicated work in the implementation of these studies. Allison Earl, Douglas Kenrick, Ethan Kross, Jon Maner, and Oscar Ybarra provided feedback in preparation of this article, and John Bargh, Noah Goldstein, and Jenessa Shapiro gave support with earlier versions of these ideas. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Joshua Ackerman, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 350 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043; E-mail: joshack@umich.edu. ACKERMAN
The X-ray spectra of optically selected Seyfert 2 galaxies: are there any Seyfert 2 galaxies with no absorption?

We present an X-ray spectral analysis of a sample of 8 bona-fide Seyfert 2 galaxies, selected on the basis of their high $[OIII]\lambda5007$ flux, from the Ho et al. (1997) spectroscopic sample of nearby galaxies. We find that, in general, the X-ray spectra of our Seyfert 2 galaxies are complex, with some our objects having spectra different from the 'typical' spectrum of X-ray selected Seyfert 2 galaxies. Two (NGC3147 and NGC4698) show no evidence for intrinsic absorption. We suggest this is due to the fact that when the torus suppresses the intrinsic medium and hard energy flux, underlying emission from the host galaxy, originating in circumnuclear starbursts, and scattering from warm absorbers contributes in these energy bands more significantly. Our asca data alone cannot discriminate whether low absorption objects are Compton-thick AGN with a strong scattered component or lack an obscuring torus. The most striking example of our low absorption Seyfert 2 is NGC4698. Its spectrum could be explained by either a dusty warm absorber or a lack of broad line clouds so that its appearance as a Seyfert 2 is intrinsic and not due to absorption.