Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generative Modeling of Convolutional Neural Networks

The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be a powerful tool for discriminative learning. Recently researchers have also started to show interest in the generative aspects of CNNs in order to gain a deeper understanding of what they have learned and how to further improve them. This paper investigates generative modeling of CNNs. The main contributions include: (1) We construct a generative model for the CNN in the form of exponential tilting of a reference distribution. (2) We propose a generative gradient for pre-training CNNs by a non-parametric importance sampling scheme, which is fundamentally different from the commonly used discriminative gradient, and yet has the same computational architecture and cost as the latter. (3) We propose a generative visualization method for the CNNs by sampling from an explicit parametric image distribution. The proposed visualization method can directly draw synthetic samples for any given node in a trained CNN by the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm, without resorting to any extra hold-out images. Experiments on the challenging ImageNet benchmark show that the proposed generative gradient pre-training consistently helps improve the performances of CNNs, and the proposed generative visualization method generates meaningful and varied samples of synthetic images from a large-scale deep CNN.
The EQ Edge: Emotional Intelligence and Your Success

Since the late 1990s, MHS has administered an emotional intelligence (EQ-i) test to over one million people in 56 countries and has consequently built the world's most comprehensive data bank on EQ-i. The analysis clearly indicates strong links between emotional intelligence and proven success in people's personal and professional lives. This book shows how EQ-i can be determined and effectively improved upon on an individual basis. Case studies in the book show how EQ-i has predicted and assisted in the success of people in a wide variety of fields, from the military to professional sports, from bankers and doctors to collection agents, teachers and journalists. Only in recent years have psychologists begun to appreciate the powerful links between emotional intelligence and a greater, more satisfying and well-rounded definition of success that embraces the workplace, marriage and personal relationships, social popularity and well-being.
Gender Grading Bias at Stockholm University: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From an Anonymous Grading Reform

In this paper, we first present novel evidence of grading bias against women at the university level. This is in contrast to previous results at the secondary education level. Contrary to the gender composition at lower levels of education in Sweden, the teachers and graders at the university level are predominantly male. Thus, an in-group bias mechanism could consistently explain the evidence from both the university and secondary education level. However, we find that in-group bias can only explain approximately 20 percent of the total grading bias effect at the university level.
Leverage Choice and Credit Spread Dynamics When Managers Risk Shift

We provide new insights that link compensation terms to credit spreads and leverage by structurally modeling the financial and operating decisions of a risk-averse manager paid with cash and stock. Optimal debt balances tax benefits with the utility cost resulting from ex-post asset substitution. When cash-stock ratios are low (high), initial leverage is high and debt is safe (risky), while moderate cash-stock ratios are associated with low initial leverage. High credit spreads can be generated even when leverage and equity volatility are low. Using a large cross-section of 646 US based corporate credit default swaps (CDS) covering 2001-2006, we find strong evidence that the flexibility provided by the compensation terms is important for explaining CDS rates. With parameters estimated to match moments based on stock volatility and CDS rates, our model outperforms a similarly calibrated version of the Merton (1974) model, explaining an additional 10% of the variation in CDS rates and reducing average bias by over 50%.
Color-Pattern Evolution in Response to Environmental Stress in Butterflies

It is generally accepted that butterfly wing color-patterns have ecological and behavioral functions that evolved through natural selection. However, particular wing color-patterns may be produced physiologically in response to environmental stress, and they may lack significant function. These patterns would represent an extreme expression of phenotypic plasticity and can eventually be fixed genetically in a population. Here, three such cases in butterflies are concisely reviewed, and their possible mechanisms of genetic assimilation are discussed. First, a certain modified color-pattern of Vanessa indica induced by temperature treatments resembles the natural color-patterns of its closely related species of the genus Vanessa (sensu stricto). Second, a different type of color-pattern modification can be induced in Vanessa cardui as a result of a general stress response. This modified pattern is very similar to the natural color-pattern of its sister species Vanessa kershawi. Third, a field observation was reported, together with experimental support, to show that the color-pattern diversity of a regional population of Zizeeria maha increased at the northern range margin of this species in response to temperature stress. In these three cases, modified color-patterns are unlikely to have significant functions, and these cases suggest that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in butterfly wing color-pattern evolution. A neutral or non-functional trait can be assimilated genetically if it is linked, like a parasitic trait, with another functional trait. In addition, it is possible that environmental stress causes epigenetic modifications of genes related to color-patterns and that their transgenerational inheritance facilitates the process of genetic assimilation of a neutral or non-functional trait.
Cut and paste

The paper develops Editor, a language for manipulating semistructured documents, such as those typically available on the Web. Editor programs are based on two simple ideas, taken from text editors: “search” instructions are used to select regions of interest in a document, and “cut & paste” instructions to restructure them. We study the expressive power and the complexity of these programs. We show that they are computationally complete, in the sense that any computable document restructuring can be expressed in Editor. We also study the complexity of a safe subclass of programs, showing that it captures exactly the class of polynomial-time restructurings. The language has been implemented in Java and is currently used in the Araneus project as a basis for a wrapper-generation toolkit.
Antidepressant Medication Use Among Patients with Depression: Comparison between Usual Care and Collaborative Care Using Care Managers

Depression poses a significant economic and health burden, yet it remains underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. The STAR*D trial funded by the National Institute of Mental Health showed that more than one antidepressant medication is often necessary to achieve disease remission among patients seen in both psychiatric and primary care settings. The collaborative care model (CCM), using care managers, has been shown to be effective in numerous studies in achieving sustained outcomes in depression management compared to usual care. This model was adopted in a statewide depression treatment improvement initiative among primary care clinics in Minnesota, which was launched in March 2008. In this study, records of patients who were enrolled in CCM from March 2008 until March 2009 were reviewed and compared to those under usual care. Patients who were followed under the CCM had a significantly greater number of antidepressant medication utilizations when compared to those under usual care. After 6 months, mean PHQ-9 score of patients under CCM was statistically lower than those in usual care. There was no significant difference in both mean PHQ-9 scores at 6 months and antidepressant utilization between the 2 groups among patients aged 65 years and older.
The H-polynomial of a Group Embedding

The Poincar\'e polynomial of a Weyl group calculates the Betti numbers of the projective homogeneous space $G/B$, while the $h$-vector of a simple polytope calculates the Betti numbers of the corresponding rationally smooth toric variety. There is a common generalization of these two extremes called the $H$-polynomial. It applies to projective, homogeneous spaces, toric varieties and, much more generally, to any algebraic variety $X$ where there is a connected, solvable, algebraic group acting with a finite number of orbits. We illustrate this situation by describing the $H$-polynomials of certain projective $G\times G$-varieties $X$, where $G$ is a semisimple group and $B$ is a Borel subgroup of $G$. This description is made possible by finding an appropriate cellular decomposition for $X$ and then describing the cells combinatorially in terms of the underlying monoid of $B\times B$-orbits. The most familiar example here is the wonderful compactification of a semisimple group of adjoint type.
Combination of trastuzumab and vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Since the clinical introduction of trastuzumab (Herceptin) for metastatic breast cancers that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), this anticancer agent has played an important role in breast cancer treatment. We examined the effects of trastuzumab and vinorelbine (Navelbine) as a second- or third-line therapy in 24 patients whose HER2-positive tumors did not respond to or relapsed after administration of trastuzumab alone or in combination with taxane. METHODS Trastuzumab was administered at 2 mg/kg (loading dose 4 mg/kg) once weekly and vinorelbine at 25 mg/m(2) once weekly. The median treatment duration was 118.5 days (range, 22-351 days). RESULTS The response rate was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22%-63%). The adverse events of NCI-CTC grade 3 or above consisted of neutropenia in three patients; other adverse events, including vasculitis, generalized fatigue, anemia and thrombocytopenia, were grade 1 or 2. All adverse events were reversible after treatment withdrawal and were easily manageable. CONCLUSION A combination of trastuzumab and vinorelbine can be safely administered on an outpatient basis, and is useful in the treatment of patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.
Insulin receptors in Zajdela rat ascites hepatoma cells and their sensitivity to certain enzymes and lectins.

Abstract The insulin receptors in two strains of Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells have been studied. Specific binding of insulin was investigated at 4, 15, and 22°, and the amount of insulin bound at steady state was proportional to the cell concentration. The optimum pH was 7.6. Scatchard analysis of the insulin binding exhibited curvilinear plots. The number of insulin receptors was markedly reduced in Zajdela D and H cells as compared to normal hepatocytes. Furthermore, the estimated number of sites was much lower in Zajdela D hepatoma, the most transplanted tumor, compared to Zajdela H hepatoma. The dissociation constants were not modified by the transformation. Dissociation experiments have revealed enhancement of the dissociation rate of bound 125I-labeled insulin by native insulin. Trypsin and papain digestion of Zajdela cells led to a marked inhibition of insulin binding. After digestion with glycosidases, sialidase, and/or galactosidase, the insulin binding was not decreased. The specific binding of insulin to cells was diminished after pretreatment of Zajdela cells with concanavalin A. Scatchard analysis of insulin binding indicated that low concentrations of the lectin inhibited especially high-affinity sites. Preincubation of the cells with wheat germ agglutinin or the lectin Sophora japonica resulted in a biphasic effect on insulin binding. Thus, the Zajdela D and H ascites hepatoma cells present a decreased number of specific insulin receptors compared to normal cells, this number being much lower in the most transplanted tumor.
Sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures

Objective Sleeve gastrectomy is the fastest growing surgical procedure to treat obesity in the world but it may cause or worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease. This article originally aimed to describe the addition of anti-reflux procedures (removal of periesophageal fats pads, hiatoplasty, a small plication and fixation of the gastric remnant in position) to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to report early and late results. Methods Eighty-eight obese patients that also presented symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were submitted to sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures. Fifty of them were also submitted to a transit bipartition. The weight loss of these patients was compared to consecutive 360 patients previously submitted to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to 1,140 submitted to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were specifically inquired in all anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy patients and compared to the results of the same questionnaire applied to 50 sleeve gastrectomy patients and 60 sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition patients that also presented preoperative symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Results In terms of weight loss, excess of body mass index loss percentage after anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy is not inferior to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition is not inferior to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity but significantly diminished gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and the use of proton pump inhibitors to treat this condition. Conclusion The addition of anti-reflux procedures, such as hiatoplasty and cardioplication, to the usual sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity neither worsened the weight loss but significantly reduced the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms as well as the use of proton pump inhibitors.
Achievable Rates of Multi-Hop and Cooperative MIMO Amplify-and-Forward Relay Systems with Full CSI

In this paper, two types of MIMO amplify-and-forward relay systems are considered: multi-hop and cooperative. For both cases, the problem of maximizing the achievable rate over the covariance matrices of the symbols transmitted by the source and relay linear processing matrix is formulated under the assumption of full channel state information at each node. A sub-optimal iterative algorithm is proposed and proved by numerical simulations to outperform known schemes
The relationship between cortical beta oscillations and motor learning

The ability to learn and retain new motor skills is pivotal for everyday life activities and motor rehabilitation after stroke. However, people show considerable individual differences in motor learning. Understanding the neurophysiological processes underlying these individual differences is of significant scientific and clinical importance. At a mechanistic level, oscillations in the beta frequency range (15–30 Hz), fundamental for motor control, reflect underlying cortical inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms. As such, they may provide appropriate biomarkers with which to bridge the gap between cellular and behavioural accounts of cortical plasticity in both healthy and diseased states. This thesis explores the interplay between cortical beta oscillations and individual differences in short-term motor learning within the context of healthy ageing and after stroke. First, I assess the test-retest reliability of resting and movement-related beta estimates in a group of healthy subjects across several weeks. By demonstrating that EEG-derived power measures of beta activity are highly reliable, I validate the notion that these measures reflect meaningful individual differences that can be utilized in basic research and in the clinic. Second, I probe the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying natural inter-individual differences in short-term motor learning. I demonstrate comparable motor learning ability between young and elderly individuals, despite age-related alterations in beta activity. Implementing a multivariate approach, I show that beta dynamics explain some of the individual differences in post-training tracking performance. Third, I extend this line of research by focusing on stroke-related inter-individual variations in motor learning. Employing the same tasks and analyses, I demonstrate preserved, albeit reduced motor learning ability and no aberrant beta activity after stroke. Beta dynamics explained some of the individual differences in stroke patients’ performance 24 hours after training, and may thus offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
Lack of effect of a booster dose of influenza vaccine in hemodialysis patients

To assess whether the administration of a booster dose of influenza vaccine may enhance immune response in hemodialysis patients, 58 subjects were given two doses of the 2003/2004 season influenza vaccine, 1 month apart. “European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products” (EMEA) criteria were fully met in terms of percentage of response and of mean‐fold increase of hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody titer, but not in terms of seroprotection rates (HI antibody titers ≥1:40). The second vaccine administration did not result in additional increase in seroprotection rate or in geometric mean titers. Protective immune response against the epidemic A/H3N2 Fujian‐like strain, antigenically distant from that included in the vaccine (A/Panama/2007/99) was observed in 94.7% of vaccinees protected against the A/H3N2 vaccine strain 1 month after immunization. No adverse reactions were reported during follow‐up. The study findings suggest that immune response to influenza vaccination may be suboptimal in hemodialysis patients and that the administration of an additional second dose of vaccine does not improve the humoral response. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1176–1179, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of dust-to-gas ratios in luminous, ultraluminous, and hyperluminous infrared galaxies

The dust-to-gas ratios in three different samples of luminous, ultraluminous, and hyperluminous infrared galaxies are calculated by modelling their radio to soft X-ray spectral energy distributions (SED) using composite models which account for the photoionizing radiation from H II regions, starbursts, or AGNs, and for shocks. The models are limited to a set which broadly reproduces the mid-IR fine structure line ratios of local, IR bright, starburst galaxies. The results show that two types of clouds contribute to the IR emission. Those characterized by low shock velocities and low preshock densities explain the far-IR dust emission, while those with higher velocities and densities contribute to the mid-IR dust emission. Clouds with shock velocities of 500 km s–1 prevail in hyperluminous infrared galaxies. An AGN is found in nearly all of the ultraluminous infrared galaxies and in half of the luminous infrared galaxies of the sample. High IR luminosities depend on dust-to-gas ratios as high as ∼0.1 by mass, however most hyperluminous IR galaxies show dustto-gas ratios much lower than those calculated for the luminous and ultraluminous IR galaxies. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current Controller for Low-Frequency Signal Injection and Rotor Flux Position Tracking at Low Speeds

Rotor flux spatial position can be tracked in an ac machine even at low or zero stator frequency if a low-frequency harmonic current signal is injected into its stator. The harmonic current injection is source of the rotor speed perturbations which induce voltage oscillations in the stator winding at the injected frequency. By analyzing the stator winding voltage response, it is possible to detect the rotor flux position regardless of the stator frequency. This paper presents a stator current controller that is suitable for imposing rotating or pulsating harmonic current injection and a method for tracking the rotor flux position in either induction machines (IMs) or permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The controller contains, in addition to the standard fundamental-frequency-based synchronous reference frame (SRF) current controller, two sets of harmonic current integral controllers placed in respective harmonic SRFs. Such an extended current controller simultaneously performs two important tasks: controlled harmonic current injection with zero steady-state error and separation of particular spectral components in the stator voltage (spectral/sequence decomposition) which contain the rotor flux position information. The theoretical analysis presented, based on perturbation theory and averaging techniques, gives general expressions which link the rotor flux position error in IM and PMSM to the harmonic current controller outputs. Two special cases with the rotational and pulsating harmonic current injections are considered in more detail. The validity of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the sensorless rotor flux position detection are experimentally verified.
Iterative Metamorphic Testing

An enhanced version of metamorphic testing, namely n-iterative metamorphic testing, is proposed to systematically exploit more information out of metamorphic tests by applying metamorphic relations in a chain style. A contrastive case study, conducted within an integrated testing environment MTest, shows that n-iterative metamorphic testing exceeds metamorphic testing and special case testing in terms of their fault detection capabilities. Another advantage of n-iterative metamorphic testing is its high efficiency in test case generation.
Local antithetic sampling with scrambled nets

This paper introduces a hybrid of antithetic sampling and scrambled digital nets. Antithetic sampling typically aects the constant in the error rate, not always for the better. A form of local antithetic sampling, in conjunction with scrambled net sampling reduces the root mean squared error rate of scrambled net sampling from O(n 3=2+ ) to O(n 3=2 1=d+ ) in d dimensions. The method can also be viewed as a hybrid of scrambled nets with monomial cubature. Abbreviated title: Locally antithetic nets
Physiologic responses during rest on a sleep system at varied degrees of firmness in a normal population

This study explores the hypothesis that a high degree of sustained muscle activity associated with a sub-optimal spinal orientation may compromise an individual's ability to relax or initiate sleep. Data from 22 participants who were considered to be part of a normal, back-pain-free population were used in these studies. Participants laid down on a mattress in a foetal position (i.e. on their sides) at three varying bed pressures while EMG activities, heart rates, blood pressures, subjective comfort levels and spinal alignment data were recorded. Minor effects of mattress inflation pressures were associated with changes in EMG activity, heart rate, blood pressure and/or subjective comfort. In contrast, spinal alignment assessment revealed significant differences between the three different inflation pressures studied (827.4, 2413.2 and 3999.0 Pa). It was concluded that in a population of normal participants, although mattress inflation pressure induced significant changes in spinal alignment, these changes were of little physiological consequence. Nevertheless, this data provides baseline information needed to assess similar correlations in a symptomatic population (e.g. those with either acute or chronic neck or back pain).