Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered States of Consciousness Occurring During Expanded Sexual Response In The Human Female: Preliminary Definitions

Expanded Sexual Response (ESR) is a recently defined phenomenon. It is defined as “being able to attain long lasting and/or prolonged and/or multiple and/or sustained orgasms and/or status orgasmus that lasted longer and more intense than the classical orgasm patterns defined in the literature”. During our detailed preliminary survey to investigate the claimed ESR phenomenon in some particular women, we also investigated the subjective feelings and altered states of consciousness (ASC) during very intense and prolonged orgasms in the women with ESR. During our preliminary survey 72 types of different subjective feelings and ASC patterns were described in the 47 women with ESR. Among these were: depersonalization; out of body experience; flying; dying feeling (petit morte); ecstasy; rapture; explosion feeling; quivering, earthquake feeling; flooding; absorbing; spurting; blessed; shuddering; intense love; unreal; surreal; voyage to nature; seeing light flashes, color flashes, geometric shapes, figures; peacefulness; physical and spiritual warmth; loss of control; spreading; flowing; mystical experience; unification with the partner and/or the universe; de ja vu; crying etc. It is concluded that in some particular women with ESR, some of the very intense and prolonged orgasms induce a form of ASC of which mechanism is not explained yet! Pudental, pelvic, hypogastric and vagus nerves and oxytocin pathway is involved in the development of female orgasm. We hypothesize that blended nerve activation among these four nerves during ESR may be inducing extraordinary subjective feelings and ASC during profound female orgasms. “Four nerve and six pathway theory of female orgasm” may explain the ASC during ESR to some extent. Also involvement of dopaminergic, serotoninergic, noradrenergic, opioid, prolactinergic and oxytocinergic pathways may modulate the altered mood states during ESR induced ASCs. More research to determine the scientific basis and parameters of ESR phenomenon in some females should be carried out, as well as the research on the neurological, psychological and neurochemical mechanisms of ESR induced ASC’s in some females’ psyche.
Complying quality management system ISO 9000 requirements within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Muslim countries

Malaysia is acknowledged by other Muslim countries and referred to as being the most developed and progressive Muslim country in respect of politics, administration, economics and social development. Malaysia nowadays is considered as a model among Muslim countries in implementing quality systems in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The aim of this paper is to investigate how Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia are complying with quality management system ISO 9000 requirements. This paper also discusses the elements of organisational culture that are involved in ISO 9000 implementation and maintenance. A qualitative approach and case study strategy was used to investigate the phenomenon in one ISO 9000 certified university in Malaysia. Interviews were employed as the main data collection to obtain in-depth information in respect of the subject investigated. The study found that many activities were undertaken to fulfil ISO 9000 requirements. It was also discovered that there are elements of organisational culture involved in ISO 9000 implementation. This study adds to the knowledge of ISO 9000 implementation within HEIs in Muslim countries. The findings from this paper can be employed by managers in HEIs in Muslim countries as a guideline in their endeavour to implement effective quality programmes. This is crucial as Muslim countries are currently putting tremendous efforts into improving the quality of their respective HEIs. Quality improvement is paramount to locate HEIs in Muslim countries on the global map on a par with HEIs in western countries.
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Matches Made. Lives Saved. ● (425) 488-4444 ● homewardpet.org How common is the infection? FIV-infected cats are found worldwide, but the prevalence of infection varies greatly. In the United States, approximately 1.5 to 3 percent of healthy cats are infected with FIV. Rates rise significantly-15 percent or more-in cats that are sick or at high risk of infection. Because biting is the most efficient means of viral transmission, free-roaming, aggressive male cats are the most frequently infected, while cats housed exclusively indoors are much less likely to be infected.
Rab35 GTPase recruits NDP52 to autophagy targets

Autophagy targets intracellular molecules, damaged organelles, and invading pathogens for degradation in lysosomes. Recent studies have identified autophagy receptors that facilitate this process by binding to ubiquitinated targets, including NDP52. Here, we demonstrate that the small guanosine triphosphatase Rab35 directs NDP52 to the corresponding targets of multiple forms of autophagy. The active GTP‐bound form of Rab35 accumulates on bacteria‐containing endosomes, and Rab35 directly binds and recruits NDP52 to internalized bacteria. Additionally, Rab35 promotes interaction of NDP52 with ubiquitin. This process is inhibited by TBC1D10A, a GAP that inactivates Rab35, but stimulated by autophagic activation via TBK1 kinase, which associates with NDP52. Rab35, TBC1D10A, and TBK1 regulate NDP52 recruitment to damaged mitochondria and to autophagosomes to promote mitophagy and maturation of autophagosomes, respectively. We propose that Rab35‐GTP is a critical regulator of autophagy through recruiting autophagy receptor NDP52.
Optimization of a continuous real-time computerized semen analysis system for ram sperm motility assessment, and evaluation of four methods of semen preparation.

Sampling conditions that affect the biological validity of computer-assisted analysis of ram sperm motion were examined using a continuous real-time computerized semen analysis system (Hobson Sperm Tracker). Search radius (SR, 10 settings) and minimum track point (MTP, 10 settings) were varied factorially to evaluate their effects on the inclusion of sperm subpopulations within derived datasets. Low SR (< 12 microns) or high MTP values (> 26 frames) precluded measurements of rapidly moving cells, whereas high SR (> 17 microns) and low MTP settings (< 22 frames) led to erroneous tracking and poor data quality. Suitable settings for these set-up parameters were derived and tested for their biological consistency with four methods of preparing ram semen for computerized analysis. The preparation techniques tested were: centrifugation through sucrose-based Ficoll and Percoll media, a swim-up technique and simple dilution in Tyrode's media. The "selective' Percoll and swim-up methods generated sperm populations with significantly higher linear velocities and a lower tendency to deviate from linear trajectories than from either the Ficoll method or dilution technique. Deleterious effects of centrifugation were evident, particularly on sperm survival in vitro over several hours. It is concluded that computer-assisted semen analysis provides useful information about the behaviour of ram spermatozoa in vitro, but the measurement conditions must be defined carefully.
Whole-cell protein patterns of nonhemolytic group B, type Ib, streptococci isolated from humans, mice, cattle, frogs, and fish

Whole-cell protein and physiological patterns of nonhemolytic group B, type Ib, streptococci isolated from humans, cattle, frogs, fish, and mice were compared. Isolates from humans, fish, and mice were identical. Only minor differences were seen in the isolates from human, bovine, and frog sources. Nonhemolytic group B streptococci from humans, fish, and mice and, to a lesser extent, from cattle and frogs share several characteristics, including a high similarity in proteins (on the basis of molecular weight); this suggests that they may have a common ancestry.
Aberrant antibody affinity selection in SHIP‐deficient B cells

The strength of the Ag receptor signal influences development and negative selection of B cells, and it might also affect B‐cell survival and selection in the GC. Here, we have used mice with B‐cell‐specific deletion of the 5′‐inositol phosphatase SHIP as a model to study affinity selection in cells that are hyperresponsive to Ag and cytokine receptor stimulation. In the absence of SHIP, B cells have lower thresholds for Ag‐ and interferon (IFN)‐induced activation, resulting in augmented negative selection in the BM and enhanced B‐cell maturation in the periphery. Despite a tendency to spontaneously downregulate surface IgM expression, SHIP deficiency does not alter anergy induction in response to soluble hen‐egg lysozyme Ag in the MDA4 transgenic model. SHIP‐deficient B cells spontaneously produce isotype‐switched antibodies; however, they are poor responders in immunization and infection models. While SHIP‐deficient B cells form GCs and undergo mutation, they are not properly selected for high‐affinity antibodies. These results illustrate the importance of negative regulation of B‐cell responses, as lower thresholds for B‐cell activation promote survival of low affinity and deleterious receptors to the detriment of optimal Ab affinity maturation.
Massless black holes and black rings as effective geometries of the D1–D5 system

We compute correlation functions in the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence to study the emergence of effective spacetime geometries describing complex underlying microstates. The basic argument is that almost all microstates of fixed charges lie close to certain ‘typical’ configurations. These give a universal response to generic probes, which is captured by an emergent geometry. The details of the microstates can only be observed by atypical probes. We compute two-point functions in typical ground states of the Ramond sector of the D1–D5 CFT, and compare with bulk two-point functions computed in asymptotically AdS3 geometries. For large central charge (which leads to a good semiclassical limit), and sufficiently small time separation, a typical Ramond ground state of vanishing R-charge has the M = 0 BTZ black hole as its effective description. At large time separation this effective description breaks down. The CFT correlators we compute take over, and give a response whose details depend on the microstate. We also discuss typical states with nonzero R-charge, and argue that the effective geometry should be a singular black ring. Our results support the argument that a black hole geometry should be understood as an effective coarse-grained description that accurately describes the results of certain typical measurements, but breaks down in general.
Immunohistochemical and genomic profiles of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: Implications for targeted EZH2 inhibitor therapy?

Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) plays an essential epigenetic role in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) development. Recurrent somatic heterozygous gain-of-function mutations of EZH2 have been identified in DLBCL, most notably affecting tyrosine 641 (Y641), inducing hyper-trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3). Novel EZH2 inhibitors are being tested in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials but no study has examined which patients would most benefit from this treatment. We evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) methylation profiles of 82 patients with DLBCL, as well as the mutational profiles of 32 patients with DLBCL using NGS analysis of a panel of 34 genes involved in lymphomagenesis. A novel IHC score based on H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 expression was developed, capable of distinguishing patients with wild-type (WT) EZH2 and patients with EZH2 Y641 mutations (p = 10−5). NGS analysis revealed a subclonal EZH2 mutation pattern in EZH2 mutant patients with WT-like IHC methylation profiles, while associated mutations capable of upregulating EZH2 were detected in WT EZH2 patients with mutant-like IHC methylation profiles. IHC and mutational profiles highlight in vivo hyper-H3K27me3 and hypo-H3K27me2 status, pinpoint associated activating mutations and determine EZH2 mutation clonality, maximizing EZH2 inhibitor potential by identifying patients most likely to benefit from treatment.
How can you say such things?!?: Recognizing Disagreement in Informal Political Argument

The recent proliferation of political and social forums has given rise to a wealth of freely accessible naturalistic arguments. People can "talk" to anyone they want, at any time, in any location, about any topic. Here we use a Mechanical Turk annotated corpus of forum discussions as a gold standard for the recognition of disagreement in online ideological forums. We analyze the utility of meta-post features, contextual features, dependency features and word-based features for signaling the disagreement relation. We show that using contextual and dialogic features we can achieve accuracies up to 68% as compared to a unigram baseline of 63%.
Prediction of human actions: Expertise and task‐related effects on neural activation of the action observation network

The action observation network (AON) is supposed to play a crucial role when athletes anticipate the effect of others' actions in sports such as tennis. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore whether motor expertise leads to a differential activation pattern within the AON during effect anticipation and whether spatial and motor anticipation tasks are associated with a differential activation pattern within the AON depending on participant expertise level. Expert (N = 16) and novice (N = 16) tennis players observed video clips depicting forehand strokes with the instruction to either indicate the predicted direction of ball flight (spatial anticipation) or to decide on an appropriate response to the observed action (motor anticipation). The experts performed better than novices on both tennis anticipation tasks, with the experts showing stronger neural activation in areas of the AON, namely, the superior parietal lobe, the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the cerebellum. When novices were contrasted with experts, motor anticipation resulted in stronger activation of the ventral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the superior parietal lobe than spatial anticipation task did. In experts, the comparison of motor and spatial anticipation revealed no increased activation. We suggest that the stronger activation of areas in the AON during the anticipation of action effects in experts reflects their use of the more fine‐tuned motor representations they have acquired and improved during years of training. Furthermore, results suggest that the neural processing of different anticipation tasks depends on the expertise level. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4016–4034, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maximum matchings in random bipartite graphs and the space utilization of Cuckoo Hash tables

We study the the following question in Random Graphs. We are given two disjoint sets L,R with |L| = n and |R| = m. We construct a random graph G by allowing each x∈L to choose d random neighbours in R. The question discussed is as to the size μ(G) of the largest matching in G. When considered in the context of Cuckoo Hashing, one key question is as to when is μ(G) = n whp? We answer this question exactly when d is at least three. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2012
Neuropsychological follow‐up in neonatal screening: issues, methods and findings

There are several ongoing studies of psychological outcome in children identified through neonatal screening with phenylketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. These studies document the reduction in mental retardation, learning difficulties and behaviour problems associated with neonatal screening. They also describe other behavioural changes resulting from these disorders. Some behavioural changes are transient or preventable with early diagnosis and treatment, whereas some appear to be irreversible, reflecting permanent brain effects of abnormalities associated with the disease. Despite the variety of disorders studied, there are commonalities in approach and issues, including a developmental neuropsychological perspective resulting in behavioural assessments specific to the disorder and its likely manifestations, a recognition that behaviour may change across time in association with brain development and an understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the behavioural changes. Assessments go beyond IQ, and include specific intellectual abilities, social behaviour, temperament, behaviour problems and identity. Behavioural changes are related to specific characteristics of the disease and its treatment, including the timing of exposure to abnormal hormones and/or neurotransmitters, the severity of the disease, and the age at initiation and adequacy of treatment. These studies provide information about the ways in which hormones and neurotransmitters affect the development and ongoing function of the brain, and an understanding of the ways in which neonatal screening results in improved psychological outcome. They also provide models for psychological follow‐up of other disorders detected through neonatal screening.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Perceived Leadership Behaviors, Perceived Team Cohesion and Team Performance

This collection of essays examines the relationship between two distinct sources of leadership and the performance of action teams within organizations. Leadership is defined as a set of demonstrated behaviors that are intended to influence followers and, ultimately, impact the performance of a team. While the construct of team performance has enjoyed extensive examination in the academic literature, there is still more knowledge to gain, and whether leadership originates from an individual or from collective group efforts, its effects on performance at the team level of analysis are still not clear. The essays in this study will contribute to the discussion by examining perceived leadership styles (Essay 1), and perceived distributed leadership (Essay 2) and their respective effects upon team performance. Essay 1 will examine the relationship of perceived leadership styles, perceived team cohesion and team performance. This essay contributes to the discussion of leadership styles, team cohesion and team performance by utilizing the nine-factor, full range of leadership concept to examine how perceived leadership styles relate to the performance of action and performing teams; a team type that often encounters intense, complex and difficult situations necessitating rapid responses delivered in a highly coordinated manner. It is posited that the more transformational a leader’s style, the better his or her team performs. Additionally, the perception of team cohesion is hypothesized to be affected by
Why Do Individuals Exhibit Investment Biases

Where do behavioral biases aecting investment decisions come from? We nd that a signicant proportion (about 20 to 56%) of investment biases such as home bias, loss aversion, performance chasing as well as trading intensity is attributable to genetic factors as opposed to the environment. We nd that higher socioeconomic status, measured by net worth, reduces the importance of a genetic predisposition, while education does not seem to moderate the inuence of genes. Consistent with the importance of underlying genetic factors, we nd that the correlation between familiarity expressed in nancial portfolios and in home location choices is essentially genetic. Our evidence contributes to a deeper understanding of investment biases, with potential implications for public policy.
Least and Greatest Fixed Points in Linear Logic

The first-order theory of MALL (multiplicative, additive linear logic) over only equalities is a well-structured but weak logic since it cannot capture unbounded (infinite) behavior. Instead of accounting for unbounded behavior via the addition of the exponentials (! and ? ), we add least and greatest fixed point operators. The resulting logic, which we call μMALL, satisfies two fundamental proof theoretic properties: we establish weak normalization for it, and we design a focused proof system that we prove complete with respect to the initial system. That second result provides a strong normal form for cut-free proof structures that can be used, for example, to help automate proof search. We show how these foundations can be applied to intuitionistic logic.
Mechanisms of airway protection during chin-down swallowing.

PURPOSE This study examined the effects of chin-down swallowing on laryngeal vestibule closure. It also investigated the technique's rehabilitative impact, by assessing the stability of effects across multiple trials and aftereffects in neutral swallows on cessation of the technique. METHOD Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure (dLVC) was measured with videofluoroscopy in 16 healthy participants (mean = 33.2 years, 9 men). Participants swallowed 40 times: 5 head-neutral swallows (N1), then 30 chin-down swallows, followed by 5 head-neutral swallows (N2). The first 5 chin-down swallows were categorized as early posture swallows (P1) and the last 5 as late posture swallows (P2). Within-participant comparisons determined the effects of the maneuver on dLVC during and after execution. RESULTS The study found that dLVC increased during chin-down swallows (N1 to P1, p = .018). This increase remained stable throughout 30 repetitions (P1 to P2, p = .994). On return to neutral, dLVC returned to baseline (N1 to N2, p = .875). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated increased dLVC during chin-down swallowing, offering a possible mechanism responsible for previously reported reduced aspiration during the technique. As aftereffects were not evident after multiple chin-down swallows, the maneuver appears to offer more compensatory benefit than rehabilitative value for patients with dysphagia.
Effects of hydrophobic surface on skin-friction drag

Effects of hydrophobic surface on skin-friction drag are investigated through direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow. Hydrophobic surface is represented by a slip-boundary condition on the surface. When a slip-boundary condition is used in the streamwise direction, the skin-friction drag decreases and turbulence intensities and turbulence structures, near-wall streamwise vortices in particular, are significantly weakened. When a slip-boundary condition is used in the spanwise direction, on the other hand, the drag is increased. It is found that near-wall turbulence structures are modified differently, resulting in drag increase. It is also found that the slip length must be greater than a certain value in order to have a noticeable effect on turbulence. An important implication of the present finding is that drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers is unlikely with hydrophobic surface with its slip length on the order of a submicron scale.