Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryptic diversity of caddisflies in the Balkans: the curious case of Ecclisopteryx species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae).

Adults and larvae of two new cryptic, endemic caddisflies, Ecclisopteryx keroveci sp.n. and Ecclisopteryx ivkae sp.n. , are described and illustrated from the Western Balkans. Phylogenetic analysis (Bayesian MCMCMC) and association of different life history stages in both cryptic species were achieved through comparison of morphological characters and mitochondrial (mtCOI and mtLSU) and nuclear (nuWG) gene sequence data. The new species form a sister clade to the widely distributed E. dalecarlica and E. guttulata, with which they were formerly misidentified. Adults differ from each other and other species in the genus by the uniquely shaped inferior appendages in males and segment X in females. The larvae differ from each other and their congeners in the shape of the pronotum, and presence and constitution of additional spines on the parietalia. Larvae of both species are grazers and prefer stony substrate. Ecclisopteryx keroveci sp.n. has a wide distribution in the Western Balkans, while E. ivkae sp.n. is endemic to Dalmatia. Our findings demonstrate the significance of the Western Balkans as a freshwater biodiversity hotspot, and accentuate the importance of research focused on freshwater biodiversity and biogeography in southern Europe.
Use of cytological samples of metastatic melanoma for ancillary studies

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is widely used in the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma, both at initial presentation and in the setting of recurrent disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of confirmatory immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis of the BRAF mutation in cytological preparations of metastatic melanoma.
Option-Implied Risk Aversion Estimates: Robustness and Patterns

Cross-sections of option prices embed the risk-neutral probability densities functions (PDFs) for the future values of the underlying asset. Theory suggests that risk-neutral PDFs differ from market expectations due to risk premia. Using a utility function to adjust the risk-neutral PDF to produce subjective PDFs, we can obtain measures of the risk aversion implied in option prices. Using FTSE 100 and S&P 500 options, and both power and exponential utility functions, we show that subjective PDFs accurately forecast the distribution of realizations, while risk-neutral PDFs do not. The estimated coefficients of relative risk aversion are all reasonable. The relative risk aversion estimates are remarkably consistent across utility functions and across markets for given horizons. The degree of relative risk aversion declines with the forecast horizon and is lower during periods of high market volatility.
Rubrioxytricha guamensis nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Spirotricha), a Novel Hypotrich Ciliate from Guam (United States), Micronesia

The oxytrichid ciliate Rubrioxytricha guamensis nov. spec. isolated from water samples collected from a small freshwater pond near the Hagåtña River in Hagåtña, Guam (United States territory), Micronesia, was investigated, using live observation and protargol impregnation. The morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny inferred from the small‐subunit rRNA gene sequences were studied. The new species is mainly characterized by a cell size of about 100 × 35 μm in vivo, two elongate ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules and two micronuclei, a single contractile vacuole, a colorless cytoplasm, yellowish cortical granules, arranged in short rows and in small groups, an adoral zone occupying about 34% of body length and comprising 27 membranelles on average, about 27 cirri each in the right and left marginal rows, 18 frontoventral transverse cirri, four dorsal kineties including one dorsomarginal row, and one or two caudal cirri at the posterior end of dorsal kinety 3. The ontogenesis of the new species is similar to that of Rubrioxytricha indica Naqvi et al., 2006. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequences consistently place the new species within the family Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg, 1838, where it clustered with other Rubrioxytricha species, viz., R. tsinlingensis, R. ferruginea, and R. haematoplasma.
Forced-Air Warming for Rewarming and Comfort Following Laparoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trail

We investigated the efficacy of a forced-air warming (FAW) system on postoperative rewarming and comfort in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 127 participants were randomly divided into the FAW group (n = 64) and control group (n = 63). The esophageal temperature was measured every 30 min during surgery, and the tympanic temperature and comfort levels were measured preoperatively and in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Data analysis used the generalized estimating equation. We found that there was a lower incidence of postoperative hypothermia in the FAW group compared with the control group, as well as a higher body temperature between 30 and 180 min in the PACU, a shorter time for rewarming, and a higher comfort level. Taken together, these results suggest that FAW is an effective rewarming technique for laparoscopic patients during surgery and in the PACU that improves comfort levels.
Is There Room for Foreign Exchange Interventions Under an Inflation Targeting Framework? Evidence from Mexico and Turkey

The salient characteristics of emerging market economies coupled with the increasing adoption of inflation targeting in these countries has stimulated much debate about the role of the exchange rate in inflation targeting regimes. The authors aim at shedding more light on this issue by investigating whether central bank foreign exchange interventions have had any impact on the volatility of the exchange rate in Mexico and Turkey since the adoption of the floating regime. To this end, their study, using daily data on foreign exchange intervention, employs an Exponential GARCH framework. Empirical results suggest that both the amount and frequency of foreign exchange interventions have decreased the volatility of the exchange rates in these countries. The authors' findings corroborate the notion that if foreign exchange interventions are carried out with finesse and sensibly-that is, not to defend a particular exchange rate-they could play a useful role in containing the adverse effects of temporary exchange rate shocks on inflation and financial stability.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Clematis terniflora DC. (Ranunculaceae)

Abstract Clematis terniflora DC. is an important medicinal plant used in the treatment of inflammatory symptoms related to respiratory and urinary systems. In this study, we found that the complete cp genome of C. terniflora DC. is 159,528 bp. The phylogenetic analysis of 32 taxa showed a strong sister relationship with Ranunculus macranthus, which also strongly supports the position of Ranunculales. The complete cp genome sequence of Clematis terniflora DC. reported here has the potential to advance population and phylogenetic studies of this medicinal plant.
Pulmonary Embolism Response to Fragmentation, Embolectomy, and Catheter Thrombolysis (PERFECT): Initial Results From a Prospective Multicenter Registry.

BACKGROUND Systemic thrombolysis for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) carries up to a 20% risk of major bleeding, including a 2% to 5% risk of hemorrhagic stroke. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of catheter-directed therapy (CDT) as an alternative treatment of acute PE. METHODS One hundred one consecutive patients receiving CDT for acute PE were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter registry. Massive PE (n = 28) and submassive PE (n = 73) were treated with immediate catheter-directed mechanical or pharmacomechanical thrombectomy and/or catheter-directed thrombolysis through low-dose hourly drug infusion with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase. Clinical success was defined as meeting all the following criteria: stabilization of hemodynamics; improvement in pulmonary hypertension, right-sided heart strain, or both; and survival to hospital discharge. Primary safety outcomes were major procedure-related complications and major bleeding events. RESULTS Fifty-three men and 48 women (average age, 60 years [range, 22-86 years]; mean BMI, 31.03 ± 7.20 kg/m2) were included in the study. The average thrombolytic doses were 28.0 ± 11 mg tPA (n = 76) and 2,697,101 ± 936,287 International Units for urokinase (n = 23). Clinical success was achieved in 24 of 28 patients with massive PE (85.7%; 95% CI, 67.3%-96.0%) and 71 of 73 patients with submassive PE (97.3%; 95% CI, 90.5%-99.7%). The mean pulmonary artery pressure improved from 51.17 ± 14.06 to 37.23 ± 15.81 mm Hg (n = 92) (P < .0001). Among patients monitored with follow-up echocardiography, 57 of 64 (89.1%; 95% CI, 78.8%-95.5%; P < .0001) showed improvement in right-sided heart strain. There were no major procedure-related complications, major hemorrhages, or hemorrhagic strokes. CONCLUSIONS CDT improves clinical outcomes in patients with acute PE while minimizing the risk of major bleeding. At experienced centers, CDT is a safe and effective treatment of both acute massive and submassive PE. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01097928; URL: www.clinicaltrials. gov.
News Values: Ideas for an Information Age

News Values is a concise, powerful statement of the fundamental issues, ethical and practical, confronting newspapers today. Chicago Tribune president and publisher Jack Fuller tackles the most pressing questions facing journalists in the nineties: What kind of truth do they claim to communicate? To what end? Should journalists lead or follow their communities? How are decisions about what makes "news" related to marketing? What is the future of newspapers? Drawing on thirty years of experience, from police reporter to editorial writer, war correspondent to editor, Fuller looks at what journalism should do in a free society and why. Focusing on tensions central to modern-day newspaper publishing - the duty to truth vs. the obligation to sources; the push for diversity vs. the need for coherence; the responsibility to reflect and, when necessary, oppose the community one serves - Fuller argues that intellectually honest "news values" do exist and can continue to guide journalists even in today's competitive marketplace. Finally, Fuller examines advances in digital technology merging text, audio, and video and asks whether the new interactive electronic media will hasten newspapers' demise or stimulate their revival.
Involvement of auxin and a homeodomain-leucine zipper I gene in rhizoid development of the moss Physcomitrella patens

Differentiation of epidermal cells is important for plants because they are in direct contact with the environment. Rhizoids are multicellular filaments that develop from the epidermis in a wide range of plants, including pteridophytes, bryophytes, and green algae; they have similar functions to root hairs in vascular plants in that they support the plant body and are involved in water and nutrient absorption. In this study, we examined mechanisms underlying rhizoid development in the moss, Physcomitrella patens, which is the only land plant in which high-frequency gene targeting is possible. We found that rhizoid development can be split into two processes: determination and differentiation. Two types of rhizoids with distinct developmental patterns (basal and mid-stem rhizoids) were recognized. The development of basal rhizoids from epidermal cells was induced by exogenous auxin, while that of mid-stem rhizoids required an unknown factor in addition to exogenous auxin. Once an epidermal cell had acquired a rhizoid initial cell fate, expression of the homeodomain-leucine zipper I gene Pphb7 was induced. Analysis of Pphb7 disruptant lines showed that Pphb7 affects the induction of pigmentation and the increase in the number and size of chloroplasts, but not the position or number of rhizoids. This is the first report on the involvement of a homeodomain-leucine zipper I gene in epidermal cell differentiation.
Fragmentation in Canadian Equity Markets

Changes in technology and regulation have resulted in an increasing number of trading venues in equity markets in Canada. New trading platforms have intensified price competition and have encouraged innovation, and they do not appear to have segmented trade. But the increasingly complex market structure has necessitated investments in expensive technology and has introduced new operational risks. Regulatory responses should be carefully adapted to retain the competition and innovation associated with this market fragmentation.
Is the Convenience Yield a Good Indicator for a Commodity’s Criticality?

For some commodities, the strong increase in demand over the last decade will have major impact on their future availability. Thus, the importance of assessing a commodity’s criticality by means of criticality indicators continuously increases. In the literature, numerous indicators for criticality are proposed (e.g., spot prices, the Herfindhal-Hirschmann Index, etc.). In order to address some of the major shortcomings of these existing indicators, especially regarding their predictive power, we propose to use the convenience yield of commodity futures as criticality indicator. In the paper we aimed to test the applicability of the convenience yield as indicator for a commodity’s future criticality. Therefore we used historical convenience yields from 3, 15, and 27 months futures contracts for five major industrial metals. We compared the convenience yields at the beginning of the contracts with known criticality indicators until the time of maturity. We found evidence that the convenience yield in general has predictive power on the static stock lifetime (i.e. inventory volume / turnover) and future spot prices. Furthermore we show evidence that with some restrictions the convenience yield suits to be an applicable indicator for a commodity’s criticality.
Cell size control – a mechanism for maintaining fitness and function

The maintenance of cell size homeostasis has been studied for years in different cellular systems. With the focus on ‘what regulates cell size’, the question ‘why cell size needs to be maintained’ has been largely overlooked. Recent evidence indicates that animal cells exhibit nonlinear cell size dependent growth rates and mitochondrial metabolism, which are maximal in intermediate sized cells within each cell population. Increases in intracellular distances and changes in the relative cell surface area impose biophysical limitations on cells, which can explain why growth and metabolic rates are maximal in a specific cell size range. Consistently, aberrant increases in cell size, for example through polyploidy, are typically disadvantageous to cellular metabolism, fitness and functionality. Accordingly, cellular hypertrophy can potentially predispose to or worsen metabolic diseases. We propose that cell size control may have emerged as a guardian of cellular fitness and metabolic activity.
Determinants of SNAP Participation: Employing a Structural Vulnerability of Poverty Framework to Examine SNAP Participation Among Low-Income Heads of Households

This research examines how aspects of a weakened social structure potentially impact SNAP participation over the course of the Great Recession among elderly low-income heads of households. The objective is to understand how individual characteristics, as well as structural factors of a weakened economy, a growing low-wage labor market, and a shrinking safety net, impact participation in SNAP.This research will specifically ask the following questions:How does participation in SNAP change throughout the course of the Great Recession when the structural vulnerability of poverty framework is examined? Do differences in SNAP participation change by structural factors associated with poverty across states? This research brings a new approach to investigating the relationship between determinants of SNAP participation as a function of poverty in relation to structural factors throughout the Great Recession. Instead of asking how SNAP participation affects labor force participation, this research adds to the literature by exploring what factors act as a determinant to SNAP participation in times of economic uncertainty.A binary logistic multilevel regression was conducted using secondary data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2008 Panel. The sample included low-income (150% of the Federal Poverty Line) heads of households, aged 18-64.
Efficiency and the Variability of Asset Prices

It has now been a decade since the first of the variance-bounds papers was circulated in typescript. If initially less interest was displayed in this material than the authors had hoped and expected, the same is no longer true. This may be a good time to discuss a few of the many recent papers extending and criticizing the original results. The central idea underlying the variancebounds tests is very simple. Consider stock prices. The perfect foresight price of stock -that price which would prevail if future dividends xt+i were known-is
Image De-hazing Based on Polynomial Estimation and Steepest Descent Concept

Digital images captured in hazy conditions suffer from colour distortion and loss of contrast, posing difficulties in being applied for further applications. Due to the existed challenge and its great significance, a large amount of research has been conducted for image de-hazing. Among the image haze removal methods, the algorithm based on dark channel prior is proved to be the most effective. Furthermore, the introduction of guided filter has boosted its efficiency to a large extent. However, the requirement for transmission refinement and the assumption that the transmission is the same in each colour channel still make the DCP concept based methods time consuming and suffer from colour distortion. To solve this problem, an approach named as Image De-hazing Based on Polynomial Estimation and Steepest Descent Concept (IDBPESDC) is proposed, which derives the pixel-wised transmission that does not require any further refinement. Additionally, image de-hazing procedures based on the steepest descent concept are adopted so that the objective of saturation enhancement under the minimum hue change constraint is achieved. Experiments are conducted on one hundred hazy images, processed by the proposed method and four other available approaches. Results are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively, which verified the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase specifically interacts with the anticodon domain of its cognate primer tRNA.

The virion cores of the replication competent type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1), a retrovirus, contain and RNA genome associated with nucleocapsid (NC) and reverse transcriptase (RT p66/p51) molecules. In vitro reconstructions of these complexes with purified components show that NC is required for efficient annealing of the primer tRNALys,3. In the absence of NC, HIV‐1 RT is unable to retrotranscribe the viral RNA template from the tRNA primer. We demonstrate that the HIV‐1 RT p66/p51 specifically binds to its cognate primer tRNALys,3 even in the presence of a 100‐fold molar excess of other tRNAs. Cross‐linking analysis of this interaction locates the contact site to a region within the heavily modified anti‐codon domain of tRNALys,3.
GPs' adherence to guidelines for structured assessments of stroke survivors in the community and care homes.

BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines recommend that stroke survivors' needs be assessed at regular intervals after stroke. The extent to which GPs comply with national guidance particularly for patients in care homes who have greatest clinical complexity is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish the current clinical practice in the UK of needs assessment by GPs for stroke survivors after hospital discharge for acute stroke. METHODS Cross-sectional online survey of current practice of GPs, using the national doctors.net network. RESULTS The survey was completed by 300 GPs who had on average been working for 14 years. The structured assessment of stroke survivors' needs was not offered by 31% of GPs, with no significant difference for level of provision in community or care home settings. The outputs of reviews were added to patients' notes by 89% of GPs and used to change management by 57%. Only half the GPs reported integrating the information obtained into care plans and only a quarter of GPs had a protocol for follow-up of identified needs. Analysis of free-text comments indicated that patients in some care homes may receive more regular and structured reviews. CONCLUSIONS This survey suggests that at least one-third of GPs provide no formal review of the needs of stroke patients and that in only a minority are identified needs addressed in a structured way. Standardization is required for what is included in reviews and how needs are being identified and met.
ANALISIS FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-fakor fundamental yang mempengaruhi harga saham di perusahaan manufaktur. Adapun faktor fundamental yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah rasio keuangan yang terdiri dari Return On Asset (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Book Value Per Share (BVS). Metode pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan adalah purposive sampling method. Dari populasi sebanyak 133 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia diambil 36 perusahaan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan uji asumsi klasik yang meliputi uji normalitas data, multikolonieritas, heteroskedastisitas, dan uji linearitas model. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ROA, DER, BVS secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Hasil analisis secara parsial faktor fundamental Return On Asset (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dan Book Value Per Share (BVS) memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap harga saham perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI tahun 2008-2010. ABSTRACT This research was conducted with the objective of identifying factors that affect the fundamental factor stock price in the manufacturing company. The fundamnetal factors used in this study iscomposed of financial rations Return on Asset (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Book Value Per Share (BVS). Sampling method is purposive sampling method performed. From a population of 133 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, taken 36 companies. The result of this study indicate that the ROA, DER, BVS simultaneous signifikan effect on stock prices. The result of partial analysis of fundamental factors Return on Asset (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Book Value Per Share (BVS) has apositive influence on stock prices manufacturing companies. Based on the result it can be concluded that the influence of independent variabels in accordance with existing theorities. The advice can be given more broadly inform the development of manuftand conacturing enterprises to external parties (investors), including strategies and future plans so that investors better understand the condition of the company.