Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smoking and occupation from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Background: Smoking is among the most important personal and modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes. The workplace offers a potentially effective venue for tobacco prevention programmes; identifying occupational groups with high smoking prevalence may assist in targeting such programmes. Aims: To examine smoking prevalence among occupational groups in the European Union. Methods: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), a cross sectional health survey conducted in 1992–93, was used to examine smoking prevalence by occupation among 14 565 subjects from 30 centres in 14 participating countries. Results: There was an approximately twofold range in smoking prevalence by occupation. For occupational groups with at least 50 subjects, the highest smoking prevalence was seen in metal making and treating for men (54.3%) and cleaners for women (50.7%). Increased smoking prevalence by occupation persisted after adjustment for age, country, and age at completion of education. Smoking was also increased among occupations with high exposure to mineral dust and gas or fumes. Conclusions: Smoking rates vary significantly by occupation. Prevention efforts in the workplace should focus on occupations with high smoking prevalence and large employment bases.
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Improve Left Ventricular Function, Induce Angiogenesis, and Reduce Infarct Size in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Human dental pulp contains precursor cells termed dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) that show self‐renewal and multilineage differentiation and also secrete multiple proangiogenic and antiapoptotic factors. To examine whether these cells could have therapeutic potential in the repair of myocardial infarction (MI), DPSC were infected with a retrovirus encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expanded ex vivo. Seven days after induction of myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation, 1.5 × 106 GFP‐DPSC were injected intramyocardially in nude rats. At 4 weeks, cell‐treated animals showed an improvement in cardiac function, observed by percentage changes in anterior wall thickening left ventricular fractional area change, in parallel with a reduction in infarct size. No histologic evidence was seen of GFP+ endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or cardiac muscle cells within the infarct. However, angiogenesis was increased relative to control‐treated animals. Taken together, these data suggest that DPSC could provide a novel alternative cell population for cardiac repair, at least in the setting of acute MI.
Crop Phenology Estimation Using a Multitemporal Model and a Kalman Filtering Strategy

In this letter, a new approach for crop phenology estimation with remote sensing is presented. The proposed methodology is aimed to exploit tools from a dynamical system context. From a temporal sequence of images, a geometrical model is derived, which allows us to translate this temporal domain into the estimation problem. The evolution model in state space is obtained through dimensional reduction by a principal component analysis, defining the state variables, of the observations. Then, estimation is achieved by combining the generated model with actual samples in an optimal way using a Kalman filter. As a proof of concept, an example with results obtained with this approach over rice fields by exploiting stacks of TerraSAR-X dual polarization images is shown.
Forced remittances in Canada's Tamil enclaves

Canada currently hosts the world’s largest Sri Lankan diaspora. Most of the roughly 400,000 Sri Lankan immigrants to Canada are ethnic Tamils who came as political refugees following the outbreak of civil war on the small island in 1983. Sadly, however, their persecution continues at the hands of the Liberation Tamil Tigers of Eelam (LTTE), an ethnic Tamil insurgency group fighting for autonomy in the northeastern portion of Sri Lanka, and notorious for using tactics such as political assassination, suicide bombing, and the recruitment of child soldiers. Half a world away from the conflict’s origins, the LTTE has established a formidable presence within Canada’s Tamil enclaves. The LTTE regards these diaspora communities as attractive sources of revenue for funding its costly war. They’ve developed a system to extract remittances from Tamil refugees in Canada by exploiting transnational social ties. They threaten migrants about the security of relatives or property still in Sri Lanka. The practice creates victims on both sides of the migration system because it draws resources from the host state to fuel a destructive war in the sending state. Political, social, and geographical features on both sides of the Sri Lankan Tamil migration experience make people vulnerable to sustained coercion by the LTTE after resettlement.
Association between dietary fat intake and colorectal adenoma in korean adults

Abstract The incidence of colorectal cancer is rapidly increasing in South Korea. It is important to clarify the association between colorectal cancer and diet, being one of the main modifiable risk factors, as such studies in the Korean population are lacking. A cross-sectional study was performed using data from participants who had undergone a screening colonoscopy and a nutritional assessment during a routine health check-up from January 2008 to December 2011. Dietary intake data were derived from 1-day food records; colorectal adenoma was histopathologically confirmed by biopsy during colonoscopy. Eventually, 2604 participants were included in the analysis. The risk of colorectal adenoma by quintile of dietary fat intake was analyzed using logistic regression. Subgroup analyses by degree of risk and by location of colorectal adenoma were additionally performed. In men, total fat intake was not associated with risk of colorectal adenoma. However, risk of colorectal adenoma increased with higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake. The adjusted odds ratio in the highest quintile was 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.91) compared with that in the lowest quintile. There was no significant association between fat intake and risk of colorectal adenoma characterized by subsite. In female participants, total fat and specific fatty acid intake were not associated with risk of colorectal adenoma. These data support that high SFA intake is associated with risk of colorectal adenoma in Korean men.
Localization of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) binding sites in the central nervous system of the frog

The distribution of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) binding sites was investigated in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda using the technique of in vitro receptor autoradiography by means of [125I]‐labeled ANF‐28. The anatomic distribution of ANF recognition sites was determined on Kodak ARX films apposed onto tissue sections, and their distribution was examined in greater detail by analysis of autoradiograms generated by using emulsion‐coated sections. The highest levels of ANF binding sites were found in the olfactory bulb, the dorsal pallium, the septum, the habenular nucleus, the dorsal infundibular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus, and in the tectum. Moderate levels of ANF binding sites were observed in the thalamus and throughout the mesencephalon, whereas low levels were detected in the lateral and medial pallium, the medial forebrain bundle, and the nucleus rotondus. In the pituitary gland, the neural and distal lobes were densely loaded with ANF binding sites, whereas no autoradiographic labeling was observed in the pars intermedia. In general, there was a good correlation between the location of ANF receptors and the distribution of ANF‐containing neurons, as previously determined by immunocytochemistry. Together these results support the view that ANF may act as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator in various regions of the frog brain.
Changing faces: nurses as emotional jugglers

Nursing has long been distinguished as an occupation requiring extensive amounts of ‘emotion work’. Various studies highlight the importance of a nurse’s ability to manage emotion and present the desired demeanour in a number of health care settings. This paper adds to the existing understanding of the emotional elements of nursing work and proposes that Goffman’s (1959, 1961, 1967) insights into the ‘presentation of self’ may be a useful approach to recognising a nurse’s ability to present many ‘faces’. Set against the backdrop of structural changes affecting the British public sector services, and using qualitative data collected from a group of nurses working in a National Health Service trust hospital, it will be shown how nurses are able to juggle the emotional demands made of them whilst still presenting an acceptable face.
Mainstreamed students with learning difficulties: Failing and underachieving in the secondary school

Abstract Despite the rhetoric that students with learning difficulties are adequately supported within schools, the evidence suggests that they continue to experience school failure with devastating consequences. Students with learning difficulties are disproportionately represented as juvenile delinquents, as the unemployed and in mental health statistics. However, the defining of this group remains confused and imprecise and has not been a national priority. This has repercussions for both secondary schools and for the students themselves. This paper highlights research related to teaching practices, policies and school structure and their effects on the academic outcomes and emotional well being of students with learning difficulties. Finally, it makes a number of recommendations to change the status quo for these students.
Percutaneous preoperative portal vein embolization using a combination of gelatin sponge and histoacryl glue

Background: Inadequate remnant liver volume is a major cause of postoperative liver failure. Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is used clinically to prevent postoperative liver insufficiency. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative portal vein embolization, by using a combination of gelatin sponge and histoacryl to induce hypertrophy of future liver remnant (FLR) in patients with a hepatobiliary malignancy. Material and Methods: PVE using a combination of gelatin sponge and histoacryl glue was performed in 11 patients (nine men, two women; mean age 60 years, range 46–70 years). These patients were diagnosed with a hepatobiliary malignancy before surgery and their FLR volumes were judged as insufficient to allow for safe resection (FLR <25% in patients with a normal liver or FLR <40% in patients with a chronic liver disease). Liver volume changes, levels of biochemical markers, complications related to PVE, and postoperative complications were retrospectively evaluated. Results: PVE was successful in all patients, and there were no procedural complications. The enlargement of nonembolized liver lobe was 30% (mean 118 cm3). A planned hepatectomy was cancelled in four patients due to the presence of a late-detected extrahepatic metastasis. Seven of the 11 patients underwent hepatectomy without complications. Conclusion: Preoperative PVE with a combination of gelatin sponge and histoacryl glue is a safe and effective procedure to induce hypertrophy of nonembolized parts of the liver.
The Meaning of Boys' Bodies in Physical Education

Boys who are highly skilled in sports and physical activity generally have a positive body-identity. Conversely, boys perceived to be less skilled in these areas can feel disassociated from their bodies and consequently develop a poor body concept. This paper is based on in-depth interviews with boys whom physical education teachers identified as either being highly skilled or less skilled in sports and physical activities. The paper highlights the importance of physicality in boys' lives. The paper also identifies important issues that physical educators and other health professionals should appreciate.
The Role of Media in Reporting Child Abuse

ABSTRACT This study looks at the short-term impact that the media coverage of children in need of protection had on the number of cases reported to child protection agencies. The number of reports (N = 11,646) made to these agencies in Canada was tallied each week during a 24-month period. During the same period, a content analysis of print media was conducted regarding child maltreatment and/or child protection services (CPS) to identify and count the number of articles published (N = 1,211) and single out media frenzy events. Results show a statistically significant relationship between media coverage and the number of cases reported to child protection agencies.
The modulatory impact of reward and attention on global feature selection in human visual cortex

Reward powerfully influences human behaviour and perception, with reward effects being observed already on the level of basic sensory processing. Although reward-related modulations generally resemble those related to attentional selection, it is debated whether these effects indeed reflect the same selection operations. Here we focus on neuromagnetic indices of global colour-based attention in visual cortex, and ask whether reward elicits the same or separable underlying modulation effects. Observers performed a colour/orientation selection task where colour served to define the target as well as reward prospect. On each trial a target containing the target colour and one other colour was presented in the left visual field (VF) together with a bicoloured distractor in the right VF. Reward was delivered on correctly performed trials when the reward colour appeared in the target but not when it appeared in the distractor. The effect of global colour selection was assessed by comparing the brain response to the distractor depending on whether it contained the target colour, the reward colour, both, or neither. We observed that both the reward and target colour led to similar increases of the neuromagnetic response between ~200–260 ms originating from the same ventral extrastriate visual cortex areas, albeit slightly temporally lagged. Importantly, the response to the target and reward colour alone always added up to match the response size of their combined presentation. These results suggest that while reward and attention recruit the same global feature selection effects in extrastriate visual cortex, they are likely controlled by independent top-down influences.
Effects of Promoting Health Among Teens on Dietary, Physical Activity, and Substance Use Knowledge and Behaviors for African American Adolescents

Background African Americans are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease and cancer. Health promotion interventions hold promise for reducing health disparities. Purpose Promoting Health Among Teens (PHAT) is a brief, culturally tailored health education intervention to decrease cardiovascular disease and cancer risk for African Americans. This study evaluated the effects of PHAT for African American adolescents ages 14 to 17 in 4 eastern cities in the United States. Methods A randomized controlled design (N = 1654) was used to determine differences in health knowledge, diet, physical activity, and substance use behaviors between PHAT participants and a sexual health promotion control group. Data were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention. Growth curve modeling was used to detect differences in health knowledge, dietary behaviors, physical activity, and substance use between PHAT and control group participants. Results PHAT participants had significantly greater knowledge gains but modest behavior changes compared to control group participants. Discussion PHAT is a promising intervention to increase knowledge and address selected health behaviors in African American youth. Translation to Health Education Practice Future attempts to execute PHAT should continue its emphasis on knowledge building while increasing intervention dosage and modifying length of time for intervention sessions.
Texture Feature Analysis for Breast Ultrasound Image Enhancement

Texture analysis of breast ultrasound B-scans has been widely applied to the segmentation and classification of breast tumors. We present a parametric imaging method based on the texture features to preserve tumor edges and retain the texture information simultaneously. Four texture-feature parameters – homogeneity, contrast, energy and variance - were evaluated using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix. The local texture-feature parameter was assigned as the new pixel located at the center of the sliding window at each position. This process yielded the texture-feature parametric image as the map of texture-feature values. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were estimated to show the quality improvement of the images. The contours outlined from 11 experienced physicians and the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake algorithm segmentations were adopted to verify the edge enhancement of texture-feature parametric images. In addition, the Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve were used to test the performance of breast tumor classifications between texture-feature parametric images and B-scan images. The results show that the variance images have higher CNR and SNR estimates than those in the B-scan images. There was a high agreement between the physician's manual contours and the GVF snake automatic segmentations in the variance images, and the mean area overlap was over 93%. The area under the ROC curve from the B-scan images had 0.81 and 95% confidence interval of 0.72–0.88, and the texture-feature parametric images had 0.90 and 95% confidence interval of 0.84–0.96. These findings indicate that the texture-feature parametric imaging method can be not only useful for determining the location of the lesion boundary but also as a tool to improve the accuracy of breast tumor classifications.
Longitudinal Strain Solitary Wave in a Two‐Layered Polymeric Bar

Abstract: Both theoretical investigations and successful experimental research were performed recently, confirming the existence and demonstrating the main properties of bulk strain solitary waves in nonlinearly elastic solid wave guides. Our current research is devoted to nonlinear wave processes in layered elastic wave guides with inhomogeneities modelling damage/delamination. Here, we present first experimental and theoretical results, demonstrating the change in the amplitude and width of a strain solitary wave propagating in an inhomogeneous two‐layered wave guide made of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA). Parameters of such waves in layered structures may be useful for the assessment of their operational integrity and robustness.
Design of acousto-optic chaos based secure free-space optical communication links

We discuss the design of an acousto-optic cell based free space optical communication link where the data beam is made secure through chaos encryption. Using external signal modulation of the diffracted light from a hybrid acousto-optic cell chaos (or directly via incorporation in the sound-cell driver's bias voltage) encryption of data is possible. We have shown numerically that decryption of the encoded data is possible by using an identical acousto-optic system in the receiver.
Surface roughness directed self-assembly of patchy particles into colloidal micelles

Colloidal particles with site-specific directional interactions, so called “patchy particles”, are promising candidates for bottom-up assembly routes towards complex structures with rationally designed properties. Here we present an experimental realization of patchy colloidal particles based on material independent depletion interaction and surface roughness. Curved, smooth patches on rough colloids are shown to be exclusively attractive due to their different overlap volumes. We discuss in detail the case of colloids with one patch that serves as a model for molecular surfactants both with respect to their geometry and their interactions. These one-patch particles assemble into clusters that resemble surfactant micelles with the smooth and attractive sides of the colloids located at the interior. We term these clusters “colloidal micelles”. Direct Monte Carlo simulations starting from a homogeneous state give rise to cluster size distributions that are in good agreement with those found in experiments. Important differences with surfactant micelles originate from the colloidal character of our model system and are investigated by simulations and addressed theoretically. Our new “patchy” model system opens up the possibility for self-assembly studies into finite-sized superstructures as well as crystals with as of yet inaccessible structures.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: King Khalid University Hospital Experience.

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to examine the prevalence, mode of presentation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism in one of the major hospitals in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 24 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, comprising 21 females and three males, who were seen at King Khalid University Hospital over a period of 16 years from 1982 until December 1997. RESULTS The prevalence of the disease was estimated to be 11.34 per 100,000 hospital population. The majority of the patients presented with musculoskeletal complaints (62%-67%) and/or renal complications (58%). Hypercalcemia was seen in 92% of the cases. Serum PTH was available for 21 patients and 20 had significantly elevated levels. Fifty percent of the patients had features of hyperparathyroid bone disease on plain x-ray, while 79% showed osteopenia of the femoral neck on dual x-ray absorptiometry, and almost all the patients had lumbar osteopenia. Fifty percent of the patients had features of metabolic bone disease on bone scan. Thalliumtechnetium subtraction studies proved to be the most reliable tool, with 83% sensitivity, followed by ultrasound scan of the neck, with a sensitivity of 55%. CT scan of the neck was attempted in only seven patients (29%), with a sensitivity of 86%. Twenty-one patients (87.5%) underwent surgical exploration and removal of the parathyroid adenoma. Single parathyroid adenoma was identified in 85% of the cases, 5% had multiple adenomas, and 5% had hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland. CONCLUSION Our results showed that primary hyperparathyroidism is not a rare disease in Saudi Arabia. It has a tendency for late presentation with complications. We believe that routine screening for calcium and early identification of such cases are warranted to reduce the morbidity of this easily treatable disorder.
Assessing Graduate Teacher Training Programs

Some effort to test the effectiveness of teacher assistant training programs is common, but these evaluations are typically limited to measures of student satisfaction. Two forms of assessment commonly used in elementary and secondary teacher training programs, measuring levels of teaching anxiety and teacher efficacy, may be of use for sociology programs interested in formally evaluating the effect of teaching seminars. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a newly established teaching seminar using the Teaching Anxiety Scale and a Teaching Confidence Scale. Findings from pre- and posttest data show that the seminar lowered graduate students’ feelings of anxiety about teaching for the first time and increased their levels of confidence regarding mastery of common pedagogical skills. Qualitative feedback from evaluations further illustrates the positive effects of the seminar on students’ senses of themselves as teachers and their knowledge of effective teaching practices.