Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of Teacher Collaboration for School Improvement and Student Achievement in Public Elementary Schools

Background/Context A review of the literature demonstrates that schools are frequently called upon to improve by developing high levels of teacher collaboration. At the same time, there is a paucity of research investigating the extent to which teachers’ collaborative school improvement practices are related to student achievement. Purpose The purpose of this study was to review the literature and empirically test the relationship between a theoretically driven measure of teacher collaboration for school improvement and student achievement. Setting The data for this study were drawn from students and teachers in a large urban school district located in the midwestern United States. Population The population for this study came from the elementary schools in one large midwestern school district. Survey data were drawn from a sample of 47 elementary schools with 452 teachers and 2,536 fourth-grade students. Research Design Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was the primary analytic method. Survey data were collected approximately 2 months before students took the mandatory state assessments, which provided the scale scores that served as dependent variables in this research. HLM accounted for the nested nature of the data (students nested in schools). This was a naturalistic study that employed secondary data analysis. There was no intervention, treatment, or randomization. Naturally occurring differences in teachers’ levels of collaboration were measured, and statistical controls for school social context were employed. At the student level, the study employed controls for children's social and academic backgrounds. Data Collection and Analysis Data were obtained from teachers and students in the sampled schools. Teacher data were obtained via a survey assessing teacher collaboration. Student data were obtained from the central administrative office of the school district for all students who attended sampled schools during the year in which we surveyed teachers. Results Results of HLM analyses indicate that fourth-grade students have higher achievement in mathematics and reading when they attend schools characterized by higher levels of teacher collaboration for school improvement. Conclusions The authors suggest that the results provide preliminary support for efforts to improve student achievement by providing teachers with opportunities to collaborate on issues related to curriculum, instruction, and professional development. The authors also discuss the need for more research on the effects of different types of collaborative practices using more representative samples.
An Evaluation of Kea : An Automatic Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm

Keyphrases, often defined as keywords, are an important means of document summarization, searching, browsing, and clustering. This paper describes and evaluates Kea, an algorithm for automatically extracting keyphrases from text. Kea identifies candidate keyphrases using lexical methods, calculates TFIDF feature values for each candidate, and uses naïve Bayes learning scheme to predict keyphrases among candidates. A large test corpus GENIA in the micro-biology domain is used to evaluate Kea in terms of how many human annotated keyphrases are correctly identified. One of the results showed that Kea’s performance was improved in the specific domain by extending the model with a keyphrase frequency attribute.
Heavy Ethanol Intoxication Increases Proinflammatory Cytokines and Aggravates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Organ Damage in Rats

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) following acute alcohol intoxication can increase proinflammatory cytokine production and induce marked immunosuppression. We investigated the effects of ethanol on physiopathology and cytokine levels following HS in acutely alcohol-intoxicated rats. Rats received an intravenous injection of 5 g/kg ethanol over 3 h followed by HS induced by withdrawal of 40% of total blood volume from a femoral arterial catheter over 30 min. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously for 48 h after the start of blood withdrawal. Biochemical parameters, including hemoglobin, ethanol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), were measured at 30 min before induction of HS and 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h after HS. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured at 1 and 12 h after HS. The liver, kidneys, and lungs were removed for pathology at 48 h later. HS significantly increased HR, blood GOT, GPT, BUN, Cre, LDH, CPK, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and decreased hemoglobin and MAP in rats. Acute ethanol intoxication further increased serum levels of GOT, GPT, BUN, Cre, LDH, CPK, TNF-α and IL-6 elevation following HS. Acutely intoxicated rats exacerbated the histopathologic changes in the liver, kidneys, and lungs following HS.
New high-precision orbital and physical parameters of the double-lined low-mass spectroscopic binary BY Draconis

We present the most precise to date orbital and physical parameters of the well-known short period (P= 5.975 d), eccentric (e= 0.3) double-lined spectroscopic binary BY Draconis (BY Dra), a prototype of a class of late-type, active, spotted flare stars. We calculate the full spectroscopic/astrometric orbital solution by combining our precise radial velocities (RVs) and the archival astrometric measurements from the Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI). The RVs were derived based on the high-resolution echelle spectra taken between 2004 and 2008 with the Keck I/high-resolution echelle spectrograph, Shane/CAT/HamSpec and TNG/SARG telescopes/spectrographs using our novel iodine-cell technique for double-lined binary stars. The RVs and available PTI astrometric data spanning over eight years allow us to reach 0.2–0.5 per cent level of precision in Msin ^3i and the parallax but the geometry of the orbit (i≃ 154°) hampers the absolute mass precision to 3.3 per cent, which is still an order of magnitude better than for previous studies. We compare our results with a set of Yonsei–Yale theoretical stellar isochrones and conclude that BY Dra is probably a main-sequence system more metal rich than the Sun. Using the orbital inclination and the available rotational velocities of the components, we also conclude that the rotational axes of the components are likely misaligned with the orbital angular momentum. Given BY Dra’s main-sequence status, late spectral type and the relatively short orbital period, its high orbital eccentricity and probable spin–orbit misalignment are not in agreement with the tidal theory. This disagreement may possibly be explained by smaller rotational velocities of the components and the presence of a substellar mass companion to BY Dra AB.
Micro Determinants of Labor Force Status Among Older Americans

This paper uses the first three waves of the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) to investigate the determinants of labor force status among older Americans. Using transitions at two-year intervals we find that after being retired or unemployed, those who are actively searching for a job have a higher probability of returning to work. We also find that being in good physical and mental health--measured by objective and subjective variables--increases the chances of becoming employed, as does having worked in the last twelve months. Those who are receiving disability payments are less likely to make this transition. If we focus on those who are married, we find a preference for joint leisure through the influence of the labor force status, health and age of the respondent's partner on the transition decisions. We investigate transitions in and out of employment and self-employment, and for subsamples of males and females. Using monthly employment dummies for the period 1989-97, we analyze monthly, quarterly, semi-annual and annual transitions and find that most of our conclusions are independent of the periodicity but that the effects of the variables vary across specifications.
TESTING L2 VOCABULARY RECOGNITION AND RECALL USING PICTORIAL AND WRITTEN TEST ITEMS

This article describes two studies that examined the effects of pictorial and written annotations on second language (L2) vocabulary learning from a multimedia environment. In both studies, students were randomly assigned to one of four aural multimedia groups: a control group that received no annotations, and three treatment groups that provided written, pictorial, or both written and pictorial annotations while listening. In the first study, students in the three treatment groups recognized English translations or pictorial representations of French keywords better than the control group that received no annotations during listening. In the second study, students produced English translations of French keywords best when the mode of testing matched the treatment mode. These results add to the growing body of literature on the beneficial effects of annotations on L2 vocabulary recognition and recall.
Molecular Basis for a Lack of Correlation between Viral Fitness and Cell Killing Capacity

The relationship between parasite fitness and virulence has been the object of experimental and theoretical studies often with conflicting conclusions. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence that viral fitness and virulence, both measured in the same biological environment provided by host cells in culture, can be two unrelated traits. A biological clone of foot-and-mouth disease virus acquired high fitness and virulence (cell killing capacity) upon large population passages in cell culture. However, subsequent plaque-to-plaque transfers resulted in profound fitness loss, but only a minimal decrease of virulence. While fitness-decreasing mutations have been mapped throughout the genome, virulence determinants—studied here with mutant and chimeric viruses—were multigenic, but concentrated on some genomic regions. Therefore, we propose a model in which viral virulence is more robust to mutation than viral fitness. As a consequence, depending on the passage regime, viral fitness and virulence can follow different evolutionary trajectories. This lack of correlation is relevant to current models of attenuation and virulence in that virus de-adaptation need not entail a decrease of virulence.
Establishing task- and modality-dependent dissociations between the semantic and default mode networks

Significance Functional neuroimaging has established that most cognitive functions are supported by distributed neural networks. Hundreds of studies have investigated the semantic network (SN) and the default mode network (DMN) (neural deactivation when undertaking a variety of tasks). These stable networks are increasingly used as biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric investigations. Despite implicating overlapping neural regions and shared cognitive mechanisms, the relationship between the two networks has received minimal attention. Analyses of a large multitask distortion-corrected functional MRI (fMRI) dataset established that both networks fractionate, depending on the semantic nature of the task, stimulus type, modality, and task difficulty. The implications for the SN, variability in the DMN and its cognitive coherence, and interpretation of resting-state fMRI data are discussed. The default mode network (DMN) and semantic network (SN) are two of the most extensively studied systems, and both are increasingly used as clinical biomarkers in neurological studies. There are strong theoretical reasons to assume a relationship between the networks, as well as anatomical evidence that they might rely on overlapping cortical regions, such as the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) or angular gyrus (AG). Despite these strong motivations, the relationship between the two systems has received minimal attention. We directly compared the SN and DMN using a large (n = 69) distortion-corrected functional MRI (fMRI) dataset, spanning a range of semantic and nonsemantic tasks that varied input modality. The results showed that both networks fractionate depending on the semantic nature of the task, stimulus type, modality, and task difficulty. Furthermore, despite recent claims that both AG and ATL are semantic hubs, the two areas responded very differently, with results supporting the role of ATL, but not AG, in semantic representation. Specifically, the left ATL was positively activated for all semantic tasks, but deactivated during nonsemantic task performance. In contrast, the left AG was deactivated for all tasks, with the level of deactivation related to task difficulty. Thus, ATL and AG do not share a common interest in semantic tasks, but, rather, a common “disinterest” in nonsemantic tasks. The implications for the variability in the DMN, its cognitive coherence, and interpretation of resting-state fMRI data are discussed.
Multi pitch estimation by using modified IIR comb filters

A technique for detecting the pitches of a polyphonic signal of presented. The system utilises modified IIR comb filters, which are generated to ensure that n null (stop band notches) exists at multiples of note frequencies, and that a very flat pass band is present in the remain of the spectrum. Thus, the signal spectrum is not distorted after applying the filters 60 the audio signal, which is the case when using FIR comb filters. The presented approach improves upon an existing multi pitch detection model bared on an FIR comb filter framework,
Evidence that serum NTx (collagen-type I N-telopeptides) can act as an immunochemical marker of bone resorption.

Previous studies have shown that immunoassay of urinary NTx (cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen) provides a responsive index of human bone resorption. Here we report by a sensitive immunoassay that NTx is present in serum and is suppressed appropriately in patients with Paget disease of bone by bisphosphonate antiresorptive therapy. The monoclonal antibody (1H11) developed against urinary NTx was applied in a sensitive chemiluminescence format. Results for human serum and urine showed parallel inhibition curves. The NTx concentrations in paired serum and urine samples from individual patients correlated well when urinary concentrations were normalized to creatinine concentrations (in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and Paget disease patients, r = 0.90, n = 60). The percentage of NTx suppression from baseline values for Paget disease patients on bisphosphonate therapy was similar for serum and urine. Blood samples drawn from bone marrow at the site of Pagetic lesions in three patients with active disease had as much as 10-fold higher concentrations of NTx than did peripheral blood samples drawn at the same time. The latter finding is consistent with other evidence showing that immunoreactive NTx originates directly during the proteolytic cleavage of bone collagen by osteoclasts rather than, e.g., by degradative processes occurring later in the liver and kidney.
Regional policies : convergence, trade, and the allocation of public capital

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Turán Numbers of Subdivided Graphs

Given a positive integer $n$ and a graph $F$, the Turan number $ex(n,F)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex simple graph that does not contain $F$ as a subgraph. Let $H$ be a graph and $p$ a positive even integer. Let $H^{(p)}$ denote the graph obtained from $H$ by subdividing each of its edges $p-1$ times. We prove that $ex(n,H^{(p)})=O(n^{1+(16/p)})$. This follows from a more general result that we establish, where different edges of $H$ are allowed to be subdivided different numbers of times. Our result is closely related to the results of Jiang [J. Graph Theory, 67 (2011), pp. 139--152] and of Kostochka and Pyber [Combinatorica, 8 (1988), pp. 83--86] on topological minors.
Inhibition of anaerobic bacteria as a screen for antitumor agents.

1. Various compounds of theoretical and practical interest in cancer research were tested for their ability to inhibit ten species of anaerobic bacteria. 2. The results obtained with at least one organism ( Clostridium feseri ) correlated sufficiently well with the anti-tumor activities of certain compounds to warrant further investigation as a screening tool. 3. The results seen with special classes of compounds suggest that some of the anaerobes may prove to be independently useful in the examination of these materials for inhibitory properties.
Lake formation, characteristics, and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins

Lake deposystems are commonly associated with retroarc mountain belts in the geological record. These deposystems are poorly characterized in modern retroarcs, placing limits on our ability to interpret environmental signals from ancient deposits. To address this problem, we have synthesized our existing knowledge about the distribution, morphometrics, and sedimentary geochemical characteristics of tectonically formed lakes in the central Andean retroarc. Large, active mountain belts such as the Andes frequently create an excess of sediment, to the point that modeling and observational data both suggest their adjacent retroarc basins will be rapidly overfi lled by sediments. Lake formation, requiring topographic closure, demands special *cohen@email.arizona. edu Current address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0053, USA. Cohen, A. , McGlue, M.M. , Ellis, G.S. , Zani, H. , Swarzenski, P.W. , Assine, M.L. , and Silva, A. , 2015, Lake formation, characteristics, and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins, in DeCelles, P.G. , Ducea, M.N. , Carrapa, B. , and Kapp, P.A. , eds., Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and Northern Chile: Geological Society of America Memoir 212, p. 309–335, doi:10.1130/2015.1212(16). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. © 2014 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. on December 5, 2014 memoirs.gsapubs. org Downloaded from
The Relationship of the Post-reflux Swallow-induced Peristaltic Wave Index and Esophageal Baseline Impedance with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms

Background/Aims The post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and esophageal baseline impedance (BI) are novel impedance parameters used to evaluate esophageal chemical clearance and mucosal integrity. However, their relationship with reflux symptoms is not known. We aim to evaluate the correlations of PSPW index and esophageal BI with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. Methods We performed a retrospective review of multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) tracings in patients with suspected GERD. Reflux symptoms were also analyzed from checklists using ordinal scales. The PSPW index and esophageal BIs in 6 spots (z1–z6) were measured. Bivariate (Spearman) correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the PSPW index or esophageal BI, and the degree of GERD symptoms measured. Results The MII-pH records of 143 patients were analyzed. The PSPW index was significantly lower in patients who had heartburn and negatively correlated with the degree of heartburn (r = −0.186, P < 0.05). On the contrary, the PSPW index was not significantly correlated with the degree of dysphagia (r = −0.013, P = 0.874). Distal esophageal BI was not significantly correlated with heartburn, but negatively correlated with the degree of dysphagia (z3: r = −0.328, z4: r = −0.361, z5: r = −0.316, z6: r = −0.273; P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that delayed chemical clearance of the esophagus may induce heartburn, but that it is not related to dysphagia. However, a lack of esophageal mucosal integrity may be related to dysphagia.
Expectations Driven Business Cycles : An Empirical Evaluation

The hypothesis that business cycles are driven by changes in expectations about future fundamentals has recently been the subject of renewed interest. This paper implements a new approach to identify so-called news shocks about future technology. In the context of a VAR featuring several forward-looking variables and macroeconomic aggregates, the news shock is identi ed as the shock that best explains future movements in a utilization-adjusted measure of aggregate technology among all shocks that are orthogonal to technology innovations. In post-war US data, a favorable news shock is associated with an increase in consumption and declines in output, hours, and investment on impact. After the impact e¤ects, aggregate variables largely track predicted movements in technology. These are roughly the predictions of a simple neoclassical model augmented with news shocks. The negative conditional comovement among macroeconomic aggregates on impact in response to a news shock stands in contrast to the strong positive unconditional comovement among these series in the data. Moreover, an historical decomposition indicates that news shocks fail to account for output declines in four out of the six most recent US recessions. These results suggest that news shocks are not a dominant source of business cycles. Contact information: 723 Flanner Hall, Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556. Email: esims1@nd.edu. I thank John Fernald of the San Franciso Fed for providing me with his TFP data. I am especially indebted to Bob Barsky for many years of fruitful collaboration, discussion, and guidance. I am also grateful to Rudi Bachmann, Daniel Cooper, Erik Hurst, Lutz Kilian, Miles Kimball, Bernd Lucke, Matthew Shapiro, and numerous seminar participants for helpful comments and advice. Any remaining errors are my own.
Title : Cluster analysis-based physiological classification and morphological properties of inhibitory neurons in layers 2-3 of monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Leonid S. Krimer, Aleksey V. Zaitsev, Gabriela Czanner, Sven Kröner, Guillermo González-Burgos, Nadezda V. Povysheva, Satish Iyengar, German Barrionuevo and David A. Lewis Departments of Psychiatry, Statistics and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. Corresponding Author: Leonid S. Krimer, MD, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Biomedical Science Tower, W1651, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Phone: 412.383. 8548, Facsimile: 412.624. 9910, E-mail: krimerls@upmc.edu Running head: Physiological classification of prefrontal interneurons Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (June 29, 2005). doi:10.1152/jn.00156. 2005