Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised link prediction in weighted networks

Link prediction is an important task in Social Network Analysis. This problem refers to predicting the emergence of future relationships between nodes in a social network. Our work focuses on a supervised machine learning strategy for link prediction. Here, the target attribute is a class label indicating the existence or absence of a link between a node pair. The predictor attributes are metrics computed from the network structure, describing the given pair. The majority of works for supervised prediction only considers unweighted networks. In this light, our aim is to investigate the relevance of using weights to improve supervised link prediction. Link weights express the ‘strength’ of relationships and could bring useful information for prediction. However, the relevance of weights for unsupervised strategies of link prediction was not always verified (in some cases, the performance was even harmed). Our preliminary results on supervised prediction on a co-authorship network revealed satisfactory results when weights were considered, which encourage us for further analysis.
Progression and Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions: Monitoring With Serial Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background—Modification or stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques has been proposed as the mechanism responsible for the beneficial clinical effect of lipid-lowering therapies. An imaging modality able to quantify atherosclerotic plaque composition could potentially allow not only the identification of these vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, but also monitoring of the effects of therapeutic interventions on plaque composition. Our aim was to monitor changes in burden and composition of atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model of complex atherosclerosis using serial noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Results—Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were induced in rabbits and the animals randomized to continue an atherogenic diet (atherosclerosis progression) or resume normal chow (atherosclerosis regression) for 6 months. MRI of the aorta was performed at 3 time points in each rabbit, as follows: baseline, after atherosclerosis induction (9 months old), and after atherosclerosis regression or progression (15 months old). Histopathologic correlation with MRI was performed. There was a significant (P <0.0001) reduction in atherosclerotic burden in the regression group, and an increase in the progression group. There was a significant (P <0.001) reduction in the lipidic component of plaques in the regression group, and an increase in the progression group. A small, nonsignificant increase in the fibrotic plaque components was noted in the regression group, but a significant decrease in the fibrotic composition of lesions in the progression group. A significant correlation (P <0.001) was found between MRI and histopathology for atherosclerotic burden and plaque composition. Conclusions—These findings indicate that serial noninvasive MRI can monitor changes in atherosclerotic plaque composition under conditions of atherosclerotic progression and regression.
Magnetic orientation in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio and the effect of light

SUMMARY There is evidence for both light-dependent and light-independent mechanisms of magnetoreception of terrestrial animals. One example of a light-independent mechanism frequently cited is the magnetic compass of the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor). We found that magnetoreception of the mealworm beetle per se is a replicable phenomenon but that, in contrast to earlier findings, Tenebrio only exhibited consistent magnetic compass orientation when light was present. The problem of whether the loss of orientation is due to a light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism or is instead an effect of motivation change is discussed.
Heavy Alcohol Use in the Couple Context: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT Background: For young couples, a partner's heavy alcohol use may be a point of conflict and relationship distress, particularly when there are disparities in the severity of drinking across partners. Objective: The aim was to examine the longitudinal impact of discrepancies in heavy alcohol use, particularly in couples with parenting responsibilities. Methods: Data were obtained from 554 heterosexual couples (with at least one partner aged between 18 and 30 years of age) over two assessments from a well-established longitudinal study of Australian households. Results: Multilevel analyses (examining time within partners within couples) indicated a high level of couple-level variation in individual reports of relationship satisfaction. Discrepancies in heavy alcohol use were negatively associated with relationship satisfaction over the assessment period and this was significantly moderated by parenthood. More specifically, heavy drinking discrepancies were associated with lower relationship satisfaction amongst parents more than nonparents. Conclusion: Among dissatisfied couples, managing discrepancies in alcohol use and helping heavy drinking partners may be an important intervention focus, particularly when providing professional support for young parents.
Does Variance Risk Have Two Prices? Evidence from the Equity and Option Markets

We formally compare two versions of the market variance risk premium (VRP) measured in the equity and option markets. Both VRPs follow common patterns and respond similarly to changes in volatility and economic conditions. However, we reject the null hypothesis that they are identical and find that their difference is strongly related to measures of the financial standing of intermediaries. These results shed new light on the information content of the VRP, suggest the presence of market frictions between the two markets, and are consistent with the key role played by intermediaries in setting option prices.
Characterization of the 5′‐flanking region and regulation of expression of human anion exchanger SLC26A6

SLC26A6 (putative anion transporter 1, PAT1) has been shown to play an important role in mediating the luminal Cl−/OH−(HCO 3− ) exchange process in the intestine. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of intestinal SLC26A6 gene expression in the intestine. Current studies were, therefore, designed to clone and characterize the 5′‐regulatory region of the human SLC26A6 gene and determine the mechanisms involved in its regulation. A 1,120 bp (p−964/+156) SLC26A6 promoter fragment cloned upstream to the luciferase reporter gene in pGL2‐basic exhibited high promoter activity when transfected in Caco2 cells. Progressive deletions of the 5′‐flanking region demonstrated that −214/−44 region of the promoter harbors cis‐acting elements important for maximal SLC26A6 promoter activity. Since, diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel diseases is attributed to increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, we examined the effects of IFNγ (30 ng/ml, 24 h) on SLC26A6 function, expression and promoter activity. IFNγ decreased both SLC26A6 mRNA and function and repressed SLC26A6 promoter activity. Deletion analysis indicated that IFNγ response element is located between −414/−214 region and sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of potential Interferon Stimulated Responsive Element (ISRE), a binding site (−318/−300 bp) for interferon regulatory factor‐1 transcription factor (IRF‐1). Mutations in the potential ISRE site abrogated the inhibitory effects of IFNγ. These studies provided novel evidence for the involvement of IRF‐1 in the regulation of SLC26A6 gene expression by IFNγ in the human intestine. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 454–466, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anxiety and depression levels in prepubertal obese children: a case-control study

Introduction Childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic in Western and in developing countries and has been accompanied by many serious and severe comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, depression, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, steatohepatitis, and intracranial hypertension, as well as medical concerns unique to youth, such as accelerated pubertal and skeletal development and orthopedic disorders. To date, no specific studies about the psychological assessment in pediatric obesity are present. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the putative relationship between psychological troubles and obesity in a sample of school-aged children. Materials and methods The study population consists of 148 obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] >95th percentile) (69 males, mean age 8.9±1.23 years) consecutively referred from clinical pediatricians to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry department at the Second University of Naples. In all subjects, weight, height, and BMI z-score were evaluated. In order to assess the anxiety levels and the presence of depressive symptoms, the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Italian Self-Administered Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) were administered. The control group consisted of 273 healthy children (129 males and 144 females) (mean age 9.1±1.8 years), enrolled in schools within the Campania region of Italy. Results No significant differences between the two study groups were found for age (8.9±1.23 years in the obese sample and 9.1±1.8 years in the control group) (P=0.228) or sex (ratio male/female: 69/79 in the obese group versus 129/144 in the control group) (P=0.983). Obviously, significant difference was found for the BMI z-score (2.46±0.31 in the obese group vs 0.73±0.51 in the control group) (P<0.001). The obese subjects showed significant higher level of depressive symptoms (CDI total score) (16.82±7.73 vs 8.2±2.9) (P<0.001) and anxiety (SAFA – Anxiety [SAFA-A]) scale score (58.71±11.84 vs 27.75±11.5) (P<0.001) compared with the control group. Moreover, the Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significantly positive relationship between the BMI z-score and both the CDI (r=0.677; P<0.001) and SAFA-A scores (r=0.591; P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings highlighted the importance of assessing the presence of internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, in the common management of childhood obesity.
TOOTH RESTORED WITH COMPOSITE RESINS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Dentistry is that branch of Medical science which encompasses both the diseases of the mouth & the restoration of lost tooth structure. Teeth are constantly subjected to various diseases like Dental Caries which ravages its structure, necessitating restoration. Restorative procedures involves the use of biocompatible materials on the tooth to replace the lost tooth structure. The advocation of Composite Resins have opened up new vistas in the arena of Restorative Dentistry. The Fracture Resistance of three forms of composite resins used are evaluated & discussed.
Status and Trends of Hard Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, Populations in a Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem, Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey

ABSTRACT Bricelj, V.M. ; Kraeuter, J.N. , and Flimlin, G. , 2017. Status and trends of hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, populations in a coastal lagoon ecosystem, Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. In: Buchanan, G.A. ; Belton, T.J., and Paudel, B. (eds.), A Comprehensive Assessment of Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. This review examines the historical and current status of hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, populations in the Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) Estuary using New Jersey State stock assessments and published studies and evaluates their potential for rehabilitation under present environmental conditions. This estuary has experienced increasing urbanization, population growth, bulkheading, and changes in watershed use. Clam populations have decreased markedly since the 1960s, and in LEH, substantial areas are now devoid of clams. Landings of wild-caught hard clams, and commercial and recreational clam licenses have all declined. There is no evidence that eutrophication and hypoxia are directly responsible, and historical fishing pressure has not been adequately documented. Low salinities restrict the distribution of hard clams in northern BB. High-density, microalgal picoplanktonic blooms in summer, characteristic of this ecosystem, can be poor food for hard clams. Brown tides (Aureococcus anophagefferens), which cause concentration-dependent growth inhibition of both larval and juvenile stages and may cause reduced reproductive effort of adults, have recurred in this estuary. Microalgal quality is likely a more critical factor affecting hard clam populations than total biomass. There are ∼67,296 total acres of classified shellfish area in BB-LEH, with 83.8% approved year-round for shellfish growing. Restricted or prohibited harvest areas are generally found along shorelines and creeks, and there have been no recent substantial changes in the percentage of classified waters. With an overall clam abundance of 0.94 clams m−2 in 2001, densities over a large portion of LEH were then at or below the threshold (∼0.8 clams m−2) suggested to be required for the maintenance of a self-sustaining population, pointing to potential recruitment limitation. The 2011 survey suggests a rebound, but there were still large areas devoid of clams (40% of LEH), and 81% of the area was devoid of sublegal clams. The data suggest that an increased mortality rate may be a significant factor in reducing hard clam populations, but the cause(s) remains unknown. The impact of plantings of cultured seed as a stock enhancement strategy has not been quantified. Social connection with the clam resource within these bays, a significant part of the regional ethos, is slowly being lost. A management plan for this species needs to be developed to ensure its sustainability, but it will have to rely on a limited database. Recognized gaps of information and suggested recommendations for future research are also presented.
Sensitization of Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Reactivity Promotes the Pursuit of Amphetamine

Stimulant drugs such as amphetamine are readily self-administered by humans and laboratory animals by virtue of their actions on dopamine (DA) neurons of the midbrain. Repeated exposure to this drug systemically or exclusively in the cell body region of these neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) leads to long-lasting changes in dopaminergic function that can be assessed by increased locomotor activity and enhanced DA overflow in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) after re-exposure to the drug. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the possibility that this enduring sensitized reactivity underlies compulsive drug self-administration. In all experiments, rats were pre-exposed to amphetamine and, starting 10 d later, their intravenous self-administration of the drug was assessed. In the first experiment, rats previously exposed to amphetamine systemically or exclusively in the VTA subsequently worked harder than untreated animals to obtain the drug when the work required to obtain successive infusions was increased progressively. In the second experiment, this progressively increasing workload was found to decrease the magnitude of amphetamine-induced DA overflow observed with successive infusions until responding ceased. Rats previously exposed to amphetamine were more resistant to this decline and more apt to maintain responding. Finally, in experiment three, a noncontingent priming injection of the drug produced a greater NAcc DA response and a greater parallel increase in lever pressing in drug compared with saline pre-exposed rats. Together, these results demonstrate a direct relation between drug-induced sensitization of midbrain dopamine neuron reactivity and the excessive pursuit and self-administration of an abused substance.
Comparing dietary patterns of depressed patients versus healthy people in a case control protocol

Introduction Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability around the world. Because of the high rate of medication discontinuation by patients and the risk of recurrence, factors such as nutrition could be useful for the prevention or treatment of depression. The relationship between depression and dietary patterns has been reported in a few studies but with controversial results. Therefore, we have decided to study the possible effects of cultural, social, racial, geographic and environmental conditions on this relationship in an Iranian population. Methods and analysis In our case control protocol, 110 cases and 220 controls will be individually matched based on age, sex and area of residence. New cases of depression, based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), will be recruited from two psychiatric clinics in Tehran. Interviewers will then go to each patient's home and invite qualified individuals to participate in the study as controls. Food intakes of all participants will be obtained by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires covering the past year; these will be transformed into actual food intake (g/day). Dietary patterns will be determined by the principal components method. Conditional logistic regression, as a multivariate analysis, will be used for assessing the relationship between dietary patterns and depression, taking into consideration the potential role of different variables. The results may help to identify differences in dietary patterns between depressed and healthy people. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. At the beginning of the study, a written informed consent form will be signed and dated by subjects and investigators. The results will be published in due time.
GraphDiaries: Animated Transitions andTemporal Navigation for Dynamic Networks

Identifying, tracking and understanding changes in dynamic networks are complex and cognitively demanding tasks. We present GraphDiaries, a visual interface designed to improve support for these tasks in any node-link based graph visualization system. GraphDiaries relies on animated transitions that highlight changes in the network between time steps, thus helping users identify and understand those changes. To better understand the tasks related to the exploration of dynamic networks, we first introduce a task taxonomy, that informs the design of GraphDiaries, presented afterwards. We then report on a user study, based on representative tasks identified through the taxonomy, and that compares GraphDiaries to existing techniques for temporal navigation in dynamic networks, showing that it outperforms them in terms of both task time and errors for several of these tasks.
Unconditional stability and convergence of fully discrete schemes for 2D viscous fluids models with mass diffusion

In this work we develop fully discrete (in time and space) numerical schemes for two-dimensional incompressible fluids with mass diffusion, also so-called Kazhikhov-Smagulov models. We propose at most H 1 -conformed finite elements (only globally continuous functions) to approximate all unknowns (velocity, pressure and density), although the limit density (solution of continuous problem) will have H 2 regularity. A backward Euler in time scheme is considered decoupling the computation of the density from the velocity and pressure. Unconditional stability of the schemes and convergence towards the (unique) global in time weak solution of the models is proved. Since a discrete maximum principle cannot be ensured, we must use a different interpolation inequality to obtain the strong estimates for the discrete density, from the used one in the continuous case. This inequality is a discrete version of the Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality in 2D domains. Moreover, the discrete density is truncated in some adequate terms of the velocity-pressure problem.
An efficient construction of reduced deformable objects

Many efficient computational methods for physical simulation are based on model reduction. We propose new model reduction techniques for the approximation of reduced forces and for the construction of reduced shape spaces of deformable objects that accelerate the construction of a reduced dynamical system, increase the accuracy of the approximation, and simplify the implementation of model reduction. Based on the techniques, we introduce schemes for real-time simulation of deformable objects and interactive deformation-based editing of triangle or tet meshes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new techniques in different experiments with elastic solids and shells and compare them to alternative approaches.
THE EFFECTS OF MYOFASCIAL RELEASE VS STATIC STRETCHING ON HAMSTRINGS RANGE OF MOTION

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three days of foam rolling on the hamstrings range of motion in comparison with static stretching. Lower extremity injuries are prevalent in strength training and sports today. Poor flexibility has been found to increase the risk of overuse injuries and significantly affect the individual's level of function and performance. Self myofascial release (SMR), foam rolling, is a recent modality clinically used to increase flexibility. On the other hand, there are few research studies on the technique. Twenty college students participated in this study. Ten participants were in the static stretching group, while ten participants were in the SMR group. Participants received the treatment three times in one week with at least 48 hours between treatments. The treatments were static stretching and SMR for three minutes of stretching the hamstrings muscles. The wall sit-and-reach test was used to measure hamstrings range of motion. Measurements were made at the beginning of the study and after each treatment. iv The acute stretching programs increased hamstrings range of motion in the self myofascial release group (28.9%) and static group (33.2%) respectively. The Group by Time ANOVA for flexibility revealed that there was no main effect of Group (F(1,18) = 3.629, p = 0.0729), but that there was a main effect of Time (F(3,54) = 32.130, p =. 0001). At the same time there was no Group by Time interaction (F(3,54) = 1.152, p =. 3366). These data suggest that self myofascial release compared to static stretching did not have a greater effect on hamstrings range of motion, but both groups increased range of motion from pretest to posttest.