Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new approach to measuring drinking cultures in Britain.

Key findings: A typology of British drinking occasions can be constructed which identifies eight distinct occasion types. This typology has face validity with focus groups of drinkers. â? ¢ Drinking at increasing and high risk levels occurs in a diverse range of drinking occasions including drinking in the home and at other peopleâ? Ts houses, and extends well beyond caricatures of youth binge drinking in urban centres â? ¢ Our study does not support a representation of the British drinking culture as one which is characterised by excessive consumption and drinking to intoxication, although this is one aspect of the culture â? ¢ High risk occasions are found across all age, sex and socioeconomic groups but the majority occur within those aged over 35 and of high socioeconomic status â? ¢ Drinkers of lower socioeconomic status have fewer occasions but consume more per occasion, which may partly account for the paradox that drinkers of lower socioeconomic status have higher alcohol-related mortality rates despite being less likely to drink and having lower average weekly consumption if they do so. â? ¢ Policy-relevant factors such as price and health considerations influenced participantsâ? T drinking occasions, but these intersected with and were filtered through drinkersâ? T own experiences and circumstances
Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root‐filled teeth in an adult Sudanese population

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) and root‐filled (RF) teeth in an adult Sudanese population. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were obtained for 200 patients over 18 years of age seeking routine dental care and attending the dental clinics (University of Khartoum) and the dental hospital (University of Science and Technology) for the first time. The periapical status of all teeth (except third molars) was categorized on the basis of the presence or absence of radiographic signs of AP. In addition, the frequency of RF teeth was recorded. Data were analyzed using the chi‐square test and odds ratio (OR).
Sugar-sweetened beverages and genetic risk of obesity.

BACKGROUND Temporal increases in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have paralleled the rise in obesity prevalence, but whether the intake of such beverages interacts with the genetic predisposition to adiposity is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the interaction between genetic predisposition and the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in relation to body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) and obesity risk in 6934 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and in 4423 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and also in a replication cohort of 21,740 women from the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS). The genetic-predisposition score was calculated on the basis of 32 BMI-associated loci. The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages was examined prospectively in relation to BMI. RESULTS In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, the genetic association with BMI was stronger among participants with higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages than among those with lower intake. In the combined cohorts, the increases in BMI per increment of 10 risk alleles were 1.00 for an intake of less than one serving per month, 1.12 for one to four servings per month, 1.38 for two to six servings per week, and 1.78 for one or more servings per day (P<0.001 for interaction). For the same categories of intake, the relative risks of incident obesity per increment of 10 risk alleles were 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 1.59), 1.67 (95% CI, 1.28 to 2.16), 1.58 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.47), and 5.06 (95% CI, 1.66 to 15.5) (P=0.02 for interaction). In the WGHS cohort, the increases in BMI per increment of 10 risk alleles were 1.39, 1.64, 1.90, and 2.53 across the four categories of intake (P=0.001 for interaction); the relative risks for incident obesity were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.64), 1.50 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.93), 1.54 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.94), and 3.16 (95% CI, 2.03 to 4.92), respectively (P=0.007 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS The genetic association with adiposity appeared to be more pronounced with greater intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Noninfectious Hospital Adverse Events Decline After Elimination of Contact Precautions for MRSA and VRE

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of discontinuing routine contact precautions (CP) for endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) on hospital adverse events. DESIGN Retrospective, nonrandomized, observational, quasi-experimental study. SETTING Academic medical center with single-occupancy rooms. PARTICIPANTS Inpatients. METHODS We compared hospital reportable adverse events 1 year before and 1 year after discontinuation of routine CP for endemic MRSA and VRE (preintervention and postintervention periods, respectively). Throughout the preintervention period, daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing was expanded to nearly all inpatients. Chart reviews were performed to identify which patients and events were associated with CP for MRSA/VRE in the preintervention period as well as the patients that would have met prior criteria for MRSA/VRE CP but were not isolated in the postintervention period. Adverse events during the 2 periods were compared using segmented and mixed-effects Poisson regression models. RESULTS There were 24,732 admissions in the preintervention period and 25,536 in the postintervention period. Noninfectious adverse events (ie, postoperative respiratory failure, hemorrhage/hematoma, thrombosis, wound dehiscence, pressure ulcers, and falls or trauma) decreased by 19% (12.3 to 10.0 per 1,000 admissions, P=.022) from the preintervention to the postintervention period. There was no significant difference in the rate of infectious adverse events after CP discontinuation (20.7 to 19.4 per 1,000 admissions, P=.33). Patients with MRSA/VRE showed the largest reduction in noninfectious adverse events after CP discontinuation, with a 72% reduction (21.4 to 6.08 per 1,000 MRSA/VRE admissions; P<.001). CONCLUSION After discontinuing routine CP for endemic MRSA/VRE, the rate of noninfectious adverse events declined, especially in patients who no longer required isolation. This suggests that elimination of CP may substantially reduce noninfectious adverse events. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;788–796
PRADO

To survive and stand out from the fierce market competition nowadays, it is critical for app developers to know (desirably ahead of time) whether, how well, and why their apps would be adopted by users. Ideally, the adoption of an app could be predicted by factors that can be controlled by app developers in the development process, and factors that app developers are able to take actions on and improve according to the predictions. To this end, this paper proposes PRADO, an approach to measuring various aspects of user adoption, including app download and installation, uninstallation, and user ratings. PRADO employs advanced machine learning algorithms to predict user adoption based on how these metrics correlate to a comprehensive taxonomy of 108 developer-controllable features of the app. To evaluate PRADO, we use 9,824 free apps along with their behavioral data from 12.57 million Android users, demonstrating that user adoption of a new app can be accurately predicted. We also derive insights on which factors are statistically significant to user adoption, and suggest what kinds of actions can be possibly performed by developers in practice.
HIV and Syphilis Test and the Characteristics of Sexual Behavior among Men Who Have Sex both with Men and Women in Four Target Places

Objectives To study the characteristics of sexual behavior among men who have sex both with men and women in different places.Methods Public bathhouses,gay bars,the parks and the clubs were chosen as the target places.By stratified cluster sampling method,473men who have sex with men and women were selected and interview with anonymous questionnaires,meanwhile HIV and syphilis test were carried out.We interviewed the key person of Community-based organization(CBO)in depth.Results Among the 473cases,38.56% were "1"(who playing the husband),45.53% were"0.5"(who playing the husband or the wife),and 15.90% were"0"(who playing the wife). There were more"0"and"1"in gay bar and the club but more"1"in public bathhouses and the parks.In the last half year,37.58% had sex with women,and the proportion in the parks and public bathhouses was higher than that in the pubs and the clubs.66. 23% had promiscuity in public bathhouses,the parks,the clubs and the pubs in succession.Only 37.93% used the condom in sexual behavior,and the proportion in the parks was the lowest.The positive rates of HIV and syphilis respectively were 4.44%and 20.93%. In public bathhouses and the parks,the positive rate was higher.Conclusions In the work of behavioral intervention to MSM,public bathhouses and the parks are recommended to be the key places.
Detecting Differential Transcription Factor Activity from ATAC-Seq Data

Transcription factors are managers of the cellular factory, and key components to many diseases. Many non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms affect transcription factors, either by directly altering the protein or its functional activity at individual binding sites. Here we first briefly summarize high throughput approaches to studying transcription factor activity. We then demonstrate, using published chromatin accessibility data (specifically ATAC-seq), that the genome wide profile of TF recognition motifs relative to regions of open chromatin can determine the key transcription factor altered by a perturbation. Our method of determining which TF are altered by a perturbation is simple, quick to implement and can be used when biological samples are limited. In the future, we envision this method could be applied to determining which TFs show altered activity in response to a wide variety of drugs and diseases.
Corrigendum: Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis

In our original analysis, we adjusted for dependent performance measures using a method based on Cheung and Chan’s (2004, 2008) method. Cheung and Chan’s method adjusts the sample size to be between the sample N and the cumulative sample N and applies this to the average of the dependent effect sizes. Their adjustment formula is as follows: adjusted N = ((N – 1)/C) + 1, where C accounts for the correlation between dependent effect sizes, in addition to the overall average effect size and the number of dependent effect sizes per sample. We inadvertently used the formula as follows: adjusted N = (N – 1)/(C + 1) and then applied this formula to each individual effect size (rather than to the average). It happens that our lower N computed for each individual effect generally offset the higher N for the cumulative effect under the Cheung and Chan approach. The formula and application we used produces values similar to those produced by robust variance estimation (another option for adjusting dependent samples). There was no practical effect on the results when we reanalyzed our findings using Cheung and Chan’s approach, and the changes had no impact whatsoever on the substance of our findings and conclusions. Table 1 provides a complete list of the originally reported results that are being changed with this Corrigendum. Questions can be directed to Brooke N. Macnamara (bnm24@case.edu). 769891 PSSXXX10.1177/0956797618769891 corrigendum2018
Reconciling and Thematizing Definitions of Mindfulness: The Big Five of Mindfulness

Mindfulness is an emerging concept in many professions and spheres of social life. However, mindfulness (or sati in Buddhism) can connote many plausible meanings. Thus, the concept is not easily defined and the definitions provided in the literature easily confuse the reader. Some mindfulness researchers offer definitions whereas others do not and take the definition of mindfulness for granted. Beyond the problem of defining mindfulness, the fact that the phenomenon is of great interest to various disciplines, each of which has its own theoretical and methodological approaches, different authors use different terms in describing this phenomenon. In the present article 33 definitions of mindfulness were extracted from a pool of 308 peer-reviewed full-length theoretical or empirical articles written in English, published between 1993 and March 2016, after systematic searches in Google Scholar, PsycARTICLES, and SocINDEX. The definitions were analyzed with a particular focus on the defining attributes or core elements of the concept of mindfulness. The analysis yielded 4 core elements of awareness and attention, present-centeredness, external events, and cultivation. Furthermore, an additional core element emerged from this analysis as being absent in Western definitions of mindfulness. This formed the basis for formulation of a new definition of mindfulness with an emphasis on ethical-mindedness. We argue that this core element is instrumental in filling in the gap that exists in current Western definitions, and with highlighting this element we hope to bridge the Western and Buddhist notions of mindfulness.
Complex-Coefficient Complex-Variable Filter for Grid Synchronization Based on Linear Quadratic Regulation

Advanced digital filter is important for grid voltage synchronization, harmonic information extraction, and converter control. The complex variable filter (CVF) such as the reduced order generalized integrator is one of the most prevalent filters. However, it is proven in this paper that the real coefficient CVF achieves performance identical to the real variable filter such as the second-order generalized integrator. It implies that the advantages of CVF are not fully utilized. Therefore, in this paper, the real coefficient is extended to a complex one leading to a complex coefficient CVF (CC-CVF), and the filter performance of CVF for extracting the harmonics is significantly improved. Furthermore, linear quadratic regulation is employed to design the complex coefficients to achieve a better dynamic performance. Finally, the CC-CVF is enhanced with frequency estimation capability. The proposed CC-CVF is verified by extensive simulations and experiments.
Mythical Unit Test Coverage

It is a continuous struggle to understand how much a product should be tested before its delivery to the market. Ericsson, as a global software development company, decided to evaluate the adequacy of the unit-test-coverage criterion that it had employed for years as a guide for sufficiency of testing. Naturally, one can think that if increasing coverage decreases the number of defects significantly, then coverage can be considered a criterion for test sufficiency. To test this hypothesis in practice, we investigated the relationship of unit-test-coverage measures and post-unit-test defects in a large commercial product of Ericsson. The results indicate that high unit-test coverage did not seem to be any tangible help in producing defect-free software.
Statistics of Natural Communication Signals Observed in the Wild Identify Important Yet Neglected Stimulus Regimes in Weakly Electric Fish

Sensory systems evolve in the ecological niches that each species is occupying. Accordingly, encoding of natural stimuli by sensory neurons is expected to be adapted to the statistics of these stimuli. For a direct quantification of sensory scenes, we tracked natural communication behavior of male and female weakly electric fish, Apteronotus rostratus, in their Neotropical rainforest habitat with high spatiotemporal resolution over several days. In the context of courtship, we observed large quantities of electrocommunication signals. Echo responses, acknowledgment signals, and their synchronizing role in spawning demonstrated the behavioral relevance of these signals. In both courtship and aggressive contexts, we observed robust behavioral responses in stimulus regimes that have so far been neglected in electrophysiological studies of this well characterized sensory system and that are well beyond the range of known best frequency and amplitude tuning of the electroreceptor afferents' firing rate modulation. Our results emphasize the importance of quantifying sensory scenes derived from freely behaving animals in their natural habitats for understanding the function and evolution of neural systems. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The processing mechanisms of sensory systems have evolved in the context of the natural lives of organisms. To understand the functioning of sensory systems therefore requires probing them in the stimulus regimes in which they evolved. We took advantage of the continuously generated electric fields of weakly electric fish to explore electrosensory stimulus statistics in their natural Neotropical habitat. Unexpectedly, many of the electrocommunication signals recorded during courtship, spawning, and aggression had much smaller amplitudes or higher frequencies than stimuli used so far in neurophysiological characterizations of the electrosensory system. Our results demonstrate that quantifying sensory scenes derived from freely behaving animals in their natural habitats is essential to avoid biases in the choice of stimuli used to probe brain function.
Normative data for the Clock Drawing Test for French-Quebec mid- and older aged healthy adults

Abstract Objective: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is frequently used to screen for cognitive impairment, however, normative data for Rouleau et al.’s scoring system are scarce. The present study aims to provide norms for Rouleau et al.’s scoring system that are tailored to Quebec French-speaking mid- and older aged healthy adults. Methods: Six researchers from various research centers across the Province of Quebec (Canada) sent anonymous data for 593 (391 women) healthy community-dwelling volunteers (age range: 43–93 years; education range: 5–23 years) who completed the CDT ‘drawing on command’ version. This command version (setting the clock hands to 11:10, without a pre-drawn circle) was administrated as part of a more extensive neuropsychological assessment, or along with cognitive screening instruments. Each drawn clock was scored according to the quantitative criteria set by Rouleau et al.’s scoring system. Results: CDT scores were significantly correlated with age (r(592) = −. 132, p = . 001) and years of education (r(592) = . 116, p = . 005), but not with sex (r(592) = . 065, p = . 112). Since data were skewed towards higher test scores, the percentiles method was used for analysis. Percentile ranks stratified by age and education are presented. Conclusion: These normative data for Rouleau et al.’s scoring system will contribute towards adequately screening for cognitive decline in Quebec French-speaking healthy adults, by also taking into account individual characteristics such as age and education.
An Embodied Multi-Sensor Fusion Approach to Visual Motion Estimation Using Unsupervised Deep Networks

Aimed at improving size, weight, and power (SWaP)-constrained robotic vision-aided state estimation, we describe our unsupervised, deep convolutional-deconvolutional sensor fusion network, Multi-Hypothesis DeepEfference (MHDE). MHDE learns to intelligently combine noisy heterogeneous sensor data to predict several probable hypotheses for the dense, pixel-level correspondence between a source image and an unseen target image. We show how our multi-hypothesis formulation provides increased robustness against dynamic, heteroscedastic sensor and motion noise by computing hypothesis image mappings and predictions at 76–357 Hz depending on the number of hypotheses being generated. MHDE fuses noisy, heterogeneous sensory inputs using two parallel, inter-connected architectural pathways and n (1–20 in this work) multi-hypothesis generating sub-pathways to produce n global correspondence estimates between a source and a target image. We evaluated MHDE on the KITTI Odometry dataset and benchmarked it against the vision-only DeepMatching and Deformable Spatial Pyramids algorithms and were able to demonstrate a significant runtime decrease and a performance increase compared to the next-best performing method.
How often does the best team win? A unified approach to understanding randomness in North American sport

Statistical applications in sports have long centered on how to best separate signal (e.g. team talent) from random noise. However, most of this work has concentrated on a single sport, and the development of meaningful cross-sport comparisons has been impeded by the difficulty of translating luck from one sport to another. In this manuscript, we develop Bayesian state-space models using betting market data that can be uniformly applied across sporting organizations to better understand the role of randomness in game outcomes. These models can be used to extract estimates of team strength, the between-season, within-season, and game-to-game variability of team strengths, as well each team's home advantage. We implement our approach across a decade of play in each of the National Football League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), National Basketball Association (NBA), and Major League Baseball (MLB), finding that the NBA demonstrates both the largest dispersion in talent and the largest home advantage, while the NHL and MLB stand out for their relative randomness in game outcomes. We conclude by proposing new metrics for judging competitiveness across sports leagues, both within the regular season and using traditional postseason tournament formats. Although we focus on sports, we discuss a number of other situations in which our generalizable models might be usefully applied.
Rejection Prophylaxis in Corneal Transplant A Randomized Study of HLA Matching (The FANCY Study)

A ll diseases affecting the shape or transparency of the cornea are potentially vision threatening. Corneal disease is among the most common causes of blindness (1). In Germany, Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, bullous keratopathy, keratoconus, and corneal scars are the most prominent indications for corneal transplants. For more than a hundred years now, keratoplasty has been the most commonly performed transplantation procedure worldwide (2).
Simple Regression Models

Developing theories of when and why simple predictive models perform well is a key step in understanding decisions of cognitively bounded humans and intelligent machines. We are interested in how well simple models predict in regression. We list and review existing simple regression models and define new ones. We identify the lack of a large-scale empirical comparison of these models with state-of-the-art regression models in a predictive regression context. We report the results of such an empirical analysis on 60 real-world data sets. Simple regression models such as equal-weights regression routinely outperformed state-ofthe-art regression models, especially on small training-set sizes. There was no simple model that predicted well in all data sets, but in nearly all data sets, there was at least one simple model that predicted well.