Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Contributions of Aromatic Residues in the Local Anesthetic Receptor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, and local anesthetics target voltage-gated sodium channels, decreasing excitability of nerve and muscle cells. Channel inhibition by members of this family of cationic, hydrophobic drugs relies on the presence of highly conserved aromatic residues in the pore-lining S6 segment of the fourth homologous domain of the channel. We tested whether channel inhibition was facilitated by an electrostatic attraction between lidocaine and &pgr; electrons of the aromatic rings of these residues, namely a cation-&pgr; interaction. To this end, we used the in vivo nonsense suppression method to incorporate a series of unnatural phenylalanine derivatives designed to systematically reduce the negative electrostatic potential on the face of the aromatic ring. In contrast to standard point mutations at the same sites, these subtly altered amino acids preserve the wild-type voltage dependence of channel activation and inactivation. Although these phenylalanine derivatives have no effect on low-affinity tonic inhibition by lidocaine or its permanently charged derivative QX-314 at any of the substituted sites, high-affinity use-dependent inhibition displays substantial cation-&pgr; energetics for 1 residue only: Phe1579 in rNaV1.4. Replacement of the aromatic ring of Phe1579 by cyclohexane, for example, strongly reduces use-dependent inhibition and speeds recovery of lidocaine-engaged channels. Channel block by the neutral local anesthetic benzocaine is unaffected by the distribution of &pgr; electrons at Phe1579, indicating that our aromatic manipulations expose electrostatic contributions to channel inhibition. These results fine tune our understanding of local anesthetic inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels and will help the design of safer and more salutary therapeutic agents.
Association between excessive screen time and school-level proportion of no family rules among elementary school children in Japan: a multilevel analysis

Background Excessive screen time (ST) in children is a global concern. We assessed the association between individual- and school-level factors and excessive ST in Japanese children using a multilevel analysis. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toyama, Japan in 2018. From 110 elementary schools in Toyama Prefecture, 13,413 children in the 4th-6th grades (boys, 50.9%; mean, 10.5 years old) participated. We assessed lifestyle, recreational ST (not for study use), psychological status, and school and family environment including family rules. We defined ≥3 hours ST as excessive. We calculated the school-level proportions of no family rules and divided them into four categories (<20%, 20% to <30%, 30% to <40%, and ≥40%). A modified multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results In total, 12,611 children were included in the analysis (94.0%). The average school-level proportion of those with no family rules was 32.1% (SD = 9.6). The prevalence of excessive ST was 29.9% (34.9% in boys; 24.8% in girls). The regression analysis showed that excessive ST was significantly associated with both individual-level factors, such as boys (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR); 1.39), older grades (aPR; 1.18 for 5th grades and 1.28 for 6th grades), late wakeup (aPR; 1.13), physical inactivity (aPR; 1.18 for not so much and 1.31 for rarely), late bedtime (aPR; 1.43 for 10 to 11 p.m. and 1.76 for ≥11 p.m.), frequent irritability (aPR; 1.24 for sometimes and 1.46 for often), feelings of school avoidance (aPR; 1.17 for sometimes and 1.22 for often), infrequent child-parental interaction (aPR; 1.16 for rare and 1.21 for none), no family rules (aPR; 1.56), smartphone ownership (aPR; 1.18), and the school-level proportion of no family rules (aPR; 1.20 for 20% to <30%, 1.29 for 30% to <40%, and 1.43 for ≥40%, setting <20% as reference). Conclusion Besides individual factors, a higher school-level proportion of no family rules seemed influential on excessive ST. Increasing the number of households with family rules and addressing individual factors, could be deterrents against excessive ST in children.
Partial Fourier Transform Method for Solution Formula of Stokes Equation with Robin Boundary Condition in Half-space

The area of applied science known as fluid dynamics studied how gases and liquids moved. The motion of the fluid in the liquid and vapour phases is described by a special system of partial differential equations. The research purpose of this article investigated the solution formula of incompressible Stokes equation with the Robin boundary condition in half-space case. The solution formula for Stokes equation was calculated using the partial Fourier transform. This calculation was carried out over the Weis’s multipliers theorem. Our calculation showed that the solution formula of Stokes equation with Robin boundary condition in half-space for velocity and pressure were contained multipliers as due to work Shibata & Shimada. Due to our consideration of the half-space situation, the partial Fourier transform approach is the most appropriate one to use to get the velocity and pressure for the Stokes equation with Robin boundary condition. Furthermore, research methods in this article, in the first stage, we use the resolvent problem of the model. Secondly, we apply the partial Fourier transform to the model problem and finally, we use inverse partial Fourier transform to get the solution formula of the incompressible type of Stokes equation for velocity and pressure. This result indicates that Weis' multiplier theorem also allows us to find the local well-posedness of the model problem in addition to the maximal Lp-Lq regularity class (Gerard-Varet et al., 2020).
An ethical advantage of autistic employees in the workplace

Differences between autistic and nonautistic people are often framed as deficits. This research considers whether some of these differences might actually be strengths. In particular, autistic people tend to be less sensitive to their social environment than nonautistic people who are easily influenced by the judgments, opinions, beliefs and actions of others. Because autistic people are less susceptible to social influence, as employees they are more likely to take action when they witness an operational inefficiency or an ethical problem in the organization. By reporting problems, autistic employees may contribute to the introduction of innovations and improvements in organizational processes and effectiveness that result in superior performance. This paper considers whether and the extent to which these differences between autistic and nonautistic employees are moderated by “moral disengagement,” a set of interrelated cognitive mechanisms that allow people to make unethical decisions by deactivating moral self-regulatory processes. While previous research has shown that moral disengagement is related to unethical decisions, there is no research on whether and the extent to which autistic people are vulnerable to moral disengagement. Thirty-three autistic employees and 34 nonautistic employees completed an on-line survey to determine whether differences between autistic and nonautistic employees with regards to (1) likelihood they would voice concerns about organizational dysfunctions, and (2) degree to which they were influenced by the presence of others when deciding to intervene, are moderated by individual differences in moral disengagement. As predicted, autistic participants scored lower on moral disengagement than nonautistic participants. In terms of the moderating effects of moral disengagement, the results are mixed. Although moral disengagement reduced intervention likelihood, there was not a difference between autistic and nonautistic employees in the degree to which intervention likelihood was changed by an individual’s level of moral disengagement. However, there was a difference between autistic and nonautistic employees in the extent to which acknowledging the influence of others was affected by moral disengagement. These findings suggest that autistic adults are not just more likely to intervene when they witness dysfunction or misconduct in an organizational context; they are also less likely to engage in unethical behavior in general due to lower levels of moral disengagement. The reduced susceptibility to the bystander effect evidenced by autistic adults in the workplace may be accounted for, in part, by their lower levels of moral disengagement compared with nonautistic adults.
First experience with a new drug-eluting balloon for the treatment of congenital pulmonary vein stenosis in a neonate

Abstract Paclitaxel-eluting balloons are a new and innovative method in the treatment of in-stent stenosis and small vessel disease in adult cardiac pathology. The treatment of congenital pulmonary vein stenosis is difficult to manage, and results in a high mortality rate due to residual or recurrent stenosis. We report the first case of treatment for neonatal pulmonary vein restenosis with a paclitaxel-eluting balloon.
Migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in skin organ cultures: augmentation by TNF‐α and IL‐1 β

Migration from sites of antigen encounter to lymphoid organs is essential to the strong immunogenic function of dendritic cells (DC). In the skin, migration proceeds through dermal lymphatic vessels and is regulated in an incompletely understood way by inflammatory mediators. We studied the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in mouse skin organ cultures by direct enumeration of migrating DC and by immunohistochemistry. (1) Neutralizing antibodies to TNF‐α and IL‐1β inhibited migration of DC, also in human skin explants (TNF‐α). (2) TNF‐α at low concentrations (50 U/mL) and IL‐1β (50–3000 U/mL) augmented migration to about 150% of spontaneous migration. (3) High concentrations of TNF‐α (5000 U/mL) inhibited migration by approximately 50%. (4) DC migration from skin explants of TNF‐α/lymphotoxin‐α double‐deficient mice and TNF‐receptor type 1 and 2 double knock‐out mice was not impaired. (5) TNF‐α effects were neutralized by anti‐IL‐1β, and vice versa. We conclude that in normal animals both TNF‐α and IL‐1 β are required for DC migration to occur. In the complete absence of one cytokine (TNF‐α), however, backup mechanisms step in. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 462–470; 1999.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from soils: Scientific basis and modeling approach

Abstract Global climate change is one of the most important issues of contemporary environmental safety. A scientific consensus is forming that the emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, from anthropogenic activities may play a key role in elevating the global temperatures. Quantifying soil greenhouse gas emissions is an essential task for understanding the atmospheric impacts of anthropogenic activities in terrestrial ecosystems. In most soils, production or consumption of the three major greenhouse gases is regulated by interactions among soil redox potential, carbon source and electron acceptors. Two classical formulas, the Nernst equation and the Michaelis–Menten equation, describe the microorganism-mediated redox reactions from aspects of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, respectively. The two equations are functions of a series of environmental factors (e.g. temperature, moisture, pH, Eh) that are regulated by a few ecological drivers, such as climate, soil properties, vegetation and anthropogenic activity. Given the complexity of greenhouse gas production in soils, process-based models are required to interpret, integrate and predict the intricate relationships among the gas emissions, the environmental factors and the ecological drivers. This paper reviews the scientific basis underlying the modeling of greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial soils. A case study is reported to demonstrate how a biogeochemical model can be used to predict the impacts of alternative management practices on greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies.
HEPATIC AND RENAL CYTOCHROME P450 GENE REGULATION DURING CITROBACTER RODENTIUM INFECTION IN WILD-TYPE AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 MUTANT MICE

Citrobacter rodentium is the rodent equivalent of human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. This study investigated regulation of hepatic and renal cytochrome P450 (P450) mRNAs, hepatic P450 proteins, cytokines, and acute phase proteins during C. rodentium infection. Female C3H/HeOuJ (HeOu) and C3H/HeJ (HeJ) mice [which lack functional toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)] were infected with C. rodentium by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 days later. Hepatic CYP4A10 and 4A14 mRNAs were decreased in HeOu mice (<4% of control). CYP3A11, 2C29, 4F14, and 4F15 mRNAs were reduced to 16 to 55% of control levels, whereas CYP2A5, 4F16, and 4F18 mRNAs were induced (180, 190, and 600% of control, respectively). The pattern of P450 regulation in HeJ mice was similar to that in HeOu mice for most P450s, with the exception of the TLR4 dependence of CYP4F15. Hepatic CYP2C, 3A, and 4A proteins in both groups were decreased, whereas CYP2E protein was not. Renal CYP4A10 and 4A14 mRNAs were significantly down-regulated in HeOu mice, whereas other P450s were unaffected. Most renal P450 mRNAs in infected HeJ mice were increased, notably CYP4A10, 4A14, 4F18, 2A5, and 3A13. Hepatic levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNAs were significantly increased in infected HeOu mice, whereas only TNFα mRNA was significantly increased in HeJ mice. Hepatic α1-acid glycoprotein was induced in both groups, whereas α-fibrinogen and angiotensinogen were unchanged. These data indicate that hepatic inflammation induced by C. rodentium infection is mainly TLR4-independent and suggest that hepatic P450 down-regulation in this model may be cytokine-mediated.
Intra-familial aggregation and heritability of aortic versus brachial pulse pressure after imputing pretreatment values in a community of African ancestry

Aim: To compare the intra-familial aggregation and heritability of central (aortic) (PPc) versus peripheral (brachial) (PPp) pulse pressure after imputing pretreatment blood pressures (BPs) in treated participants in a community of black African ancestry. Methods: Central PPc [generalized transfer function (GTF) and radial P2-derived] was determined with applanation tonometry at the radial artery (SphygmoCor software) in 946 participants from 258 families with 23 families including three generations from an urban developing community of black Africans. In the 24.1% of participants receiving antihypertensive treatment, pretreatment brachial BP was imputed from published overall averaged effects of therapy grouped by class and dose, specific for groups of black African descent. From these data PPc was estimated from proportionate differences in central aortic and brachial PP. Heritability estimates were determined from SAGE software. Echocardiography was evaluated in 507 participants in order to determine stroke volume. Results: With adjustments for confounders, parent–child (P < 0.05) and sibling–sibling (P < 0.0005) correlations were noted for log PPc, whilst for log PPp only sibling–sibling correlations were noted. No mother–father correlations were noted for either PPc or PPp. Independent of confounders the heritability for log GTF-derived (h2 = 0.33 ± 0.07, P < 0.0001) and P2-derived (h2 = 0.30 ± 0.07, P < 0.0001) PPc was greater than the heritability for log PPp (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) (P < 0.05 for comparison of heritability estimates). Conclusion: After imputing pretreatment BP values, central aortic PP is significantly more inherited than brachial PP. These data suggest that in groups of African descent the genetic determinants of PP may be underestimated when employing brachial rather than central aortic PP measurements.
In vitro characteristics of Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the chicken digestive tract and their role in the inhibition of Campylobacter colonization

Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections are the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illnesses in humans. Many epidemiological studies indicate that improperly prepared meat from chickens that carry a high load of Campylobacter in their intestinal tracts is the key source of human infections. LAB, mainly members of the Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera, increasingly have been tested as vehicles for the delivery of heterologous bacterial or viral antigens to animal mucosal immune systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from chickens bred in Poland. Their ability to decrease the level of bird gut colonization by C. jejuni strain was also analyzed. First, the influence of the different chicken rearing systems was evaluated, especially the effect of diets on the Lactobacillus species that colonize the gut of chickens. Next, selected strains were analyzed in terms of their anti‐Campylobacter activity in vitro; potential probiotic traits such as adhesion properties, bile and low pH tolerance; and their ability to grow on a defined carbon source. Given that improperly prepared chicken meat is the main source of human infection by Campylobacter, the selected strains were also assessed for their ability to inhibit Campylobacter colonization in the bird's intestine. These experiments revealed enormous physiological diversity among the Lactobacillus genus strains. Altogether, our results showed that L. plantarum strains isolated from the digestive tracts of chickens bred in Poland displayed some probiotic attributes in vitro and were able to decrease the level of bird gut colonization by C. jejuni strain. This suggests that they can be employed as vectors to deliver Campylobacter immunodominant proteins to the bird's immune system to strengthen the efficacy of in ovo vaccination.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ADOPTION OF OMNI-CHANNEL IN MILLENNIAL CONSUMERS THROUGH OMNI-INTERACTION

Abstract- The covid-19 pandemic with the lockdown and social distancing mandates have disrupted the consumer purchase behaviour. This disruption had the impact in adoption of omni-channel during the pandemic, specific in millennial consumers. As a young generation, and large population, their purchasing power is making them an interactive target for consumer industries. Millennials as consumers of technology on omni-channel will be the focus of this research.This research was tested with a data collected from September 2019 as pre-pandemic period and on December 2020 as within-pandemic period. The output reveals that Omni-interaction and Millennial purchase behaviour are not strengthen the Omni-experience and Adoption omni-channel within-pandemic period compare to pre-period. The key is the lockdown and social distancing mandates accelerated the digital transformation impacted direct to process of adoption of omni-channel. The quality and credibility of information influenced the millennial to make purchasing decisions. This research will contribute to the literature by providing a factors of adoption omni-channel to understands consumers and their experiences to purchase. Limitation of this research is draws conclusions based on data that were collected at pre and during pandemic period. To overcome this limitation, future research should consider the post pandemic period dataset especially when available. Keywords: Covid-19; Omni-channel; Millennial; Adoption; Experience
Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images Depicting Environmental Hazards in High-Speed Rail Network Based on Large-Model Pre-Classification

With the rapid development of China’s railways, ensuring the safety of the operating environment of high-speed railways faces daunting challenges. In response to safety hazards posed by light and heavy floating objects during the operation of trains, we propose a dual-branch semantic segmentation network with the fusion of large models (SAMUnet). The encoder part of this network uses a dual-branch structure, in which the backbone branch uses a residual network for feature extraction and the large-model branch leverages the results of feature extraction generated by the segment anything model (SAM). Moreover, a decoding attention module is fused with the results of prediction of the SAM in the decoder part to enhance the performance of the network. We conducted experiments on the Inria Aerial Image Labeling (IAIL), Massachusetts, and high-speed railway hazards datasets to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed SAMUnet network in comparison with commonly used semantic segmentation networks. The results demonstrated its superiority in terms of both the accuracies of segmentation and feature extraction. It was able to precisely extract hazards in the environment of high-speed railways to significantly improve the accuracy of semantic segmentation.
Development of The STAD Cooperative Learning Model : Enhancing Mathematical Reasoning and Communication Skills in Higher Education

This study aims to develop the STAD cooperative learning model specifically designed for mathematics education in a higher institution to impact students' reasoning and communication skills. The study holds significance in its comprehensive analysis, encompassing (1) Plomp Stage 1 Schematic: Preliminary Study; (2) Plomp Stage 2 Schematic: Development Study; and (3) Plomp Stage 3 Schematic: Assessment Study of the developed STAD learning model. The method employed was Research and Development (R&D), utilizing questionnaires, tests, and observations as data collection techniques. The present research involved students at a university in Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The analysis techniques used were inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that: (1) The preliminary study of the model was conducted based on needs analysis incorporating the curriculum, student, and learning materials; (2) The model’s development study, encompassing six phases, yielded a significant validation result of 3.84, categorized as ‘Good’; (3) The assessment study, in terms of practicality, obtained a score of 4.60 (considered ‘Good’), and effectiveness demonstrated positive significance in affecting students' reasoning and communication skills. The overarching conclusion drawn is that the research and development of the STAD learning model revealed significant positive impacts on students' reasoning and communication skills.