Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A single bout of exercise activates skeletal muscle satellite cells during subsequent overnight recovery

Skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC) content has been reported to increase following a single bout of exercise. Data on muscle fibre type‐specific SC content and/or SC activation status are presently lacking. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of a single bout of exercise on muscle fibre type‐specific SC content and activation status following subsequent overnight recovery. Eight healthy men (age, 20 ± 1 years) performed a single bout of combined endurance‐ and resistance‐type exercise. Muscle biopsies were collected before and immediately after exercise, and following 9 h of postexercise, overnight recovery. Muscle fibre type‐specific SC and myonuclear content and SC activation status were determined by immunohistochemical analyses. Satellite cell activation status was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for both Delta‐like homologue 1 (DLK1) and Ki‐67. Muscle fibre size and fibre area per nucleus were greater in type II compared with type I muscle fibres (P < 0.05). At baseline, no differences were observed in the percentage of SCs staining positive for DLK1 and/or Ki67 between fibre types. No significant changes were observed in SC content following 9 h of postexercise, overnight recovery; however, the percentage of DLK1‐positive SCs increased significantly during overnight recovery, from 22 ± 5 to 41 ± 5% and from 24 ± 6 to 51 ± 9% in the type I and II muscle fibres, respectively. No changes were observed in the percentage of Ki‐67‐positive SCs. A single bout of exercise activates both type I and II skeletal muscle fibre SCs within a single night of postexercise recovery, preceding the subsequent increase in SC content.
High clade C HIV-1 viremia: how did we get here and where are we going?

After HIV-1 transmission, viral replication leads to a peak in blood plasma viral load, and over a short period the virus declines to a stable concentration [1]. The steady state concentration of virus in blood plasma, generally referred to as the viral ‘set point,’ correlates directly with the rate of clinical disease progression and the CD4 cell count depletion [2]. In addition, HIV-1 transmission probability can be correlated with the viral load in blood [3,4] and genital secretions [4].
Temperament and the Discounting of Delayed and Probabilistic Rewards: Conjoining European and Americ

The present study attempts to combine the more European tradition of studying temperament and individual differences with the more North American tradition of functionalism and behavior analysis by examining the relationship between several temperamental traits (sensation seeking, extraversion, and impulsivity) and discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards. To evaluate discounting of delayed rewards, participants chose between hypothetical immediate monetary rewards and larger amounts that could be obtained after a specified delay. To evaluate discounting of probabilistic rewards, participants chose between monetary rewards that were certain and larger amounts that could be obtained with a specified probability. Hyperbolic functions described well the discounting of both delayed and probabilistic rewards for all groups of participants. The rate at which delayed rewards were discounted was related to extraversion and impulsivity, but not to the sensation-seeking dimension. Both extraverts and high i.
A Non-negative Tensor Factorization Model for Selectional Preference Induction

Abstract The distributional similarity methods have proven to be a valuable tool for the induction of semantic similarity. Until now, most algorithms use two-way co-occurrence data to compute the meaning of words. Co-occurrence frequencies, however, need not be pairwise. One can easily imagine situations where it is desirable to investigate co-occurrence frequencies of three modes and beyond. This paper will investigate tensor factorization methods to build a model of three-way co-occurrences. The approach is applied to the problem of selectional preference induction, and automatically evaluated in a pseudo-disambiguation task. The results show that tensor factorization, and non-negative tensor factorization in particular, is a promising tool for Natural Language Processing (nlp).
Efficacy of fumaric acid ester monotherapy in psoriasis pustulosa palmoplantaris

SIR, Mycosis fungoides (MF) is characterized by clonal helper ⁄ memory (CD4+ CD45RO+) T-cells in the epidermis, whereas follicular mucinosis or alopecia mucinosis has perifollicular T-cell infiltrates and may clinically resemble alopecia areata. Bexarotene is the first retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective retinoid shown to be effective for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Bexarotene has recently been shown to induce T-cell apoptosis in vitro. Although bexarotene oral and topical gel are effective for MF, this is the first report, to our knowledge, of reversal of associated alopecia. Five patients with alopecia secondary to MF or follicular mucinosis were observed among a cohort of over 90 patients receiving bexarotene therapy at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Their demographic data, degree of hair loss, skin biopsy results and drug administration are shown in Table 1. The location of the hair loss was confined to the scalp in four patients and to the extremities in a fifth. All of the skin biopsy specimens revealed atypical CD4+ CD8+ perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrates, and two showed mucin deposits consistent with follicular mucinosis. Three patients had scaling with negative fungal cultures. Patients with early stage MF were treated with topical bexarotene therapy and advanced stage patients with oral bexarotene. The MF as well as the alopecia improved in all five patients, irrespective of the route of delivery. Hair regrowth began within 2–9 months and full regrowth was evident by 1Æ5 years. Patient 1. A 77-year-old Native American woman presented with a 3-month history of a single patch of alopecia accompanied by pruritus and mild tenderness, generalized xerosis, fatigue and a 4Æ5-kg unintentional weight loss. Asthma and childhood eczema were noted. There was a 4 · 5 cm alopecia areata-like lesion with scaling on the scalp (Fig. 1a) and macular erythema of less than 1%. An atypical CD4+ CD8– clonal lymphocytic infiltrate and mucin deposits were present in the follicular epithelium. After applying 1% bexarotene gel daily to the leg and scalp lesions, partial hair regrowth was present at 3 months (Fig. 1b), with full regrowth of terminal grey hair covering the former patch of alopecia at 5 months (Fig. 1c). Patient 2. A 64-year-old Hispanic man with dermatitis for 30 years developed generalized exfoliative erythroderma, patchy alopecia, and a skin biopsy consistent with MF. He had increased fatigue, chills, night sweats and intense pruritus. On examination, he had generalized exfoliative erythroderma and lymphadenopathy. On the scalp, multiple round alopecia areata lesions, patches of white hair, and exclamation point hairs were observed (Fig. 2a,b). An atypical CD4+ CD8+ dermal infiltrate with epidermotropism and a clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement were observed in
Oxidized phagosomal NOX2 complex is replenished from lysosomes

ABSTRACT In dendritic cells, the NADPH oxidase 2 complex (NOX2) is recruited to the phagosomal membrane during antigen uptake. NOX2 produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lumen of the phagosome that kill ingested pathogens, delay antigen breakdown and alter the peptide repertoire for presentation to T cells. How the integral membrane component of NOX2, cytochrome b558 (which comprises CYBB and CYBA), traffics to phagosomes is incompletely understood. In this study, we show in dendritic cells derived from human blood-isolated monocytes that cytochrome b558 is initially recruited to the phagosome from the plasma membrane during phagosome formation. Cytochrome b558 also traffics from a lysosomal pool to phagosomes and this is required to replenish oxidatively damaged NOX2. We identified syntaxin-7, SNAP23 and VAMP8 as the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins mediating this process. Our data describe a key mechanism of how dendritic cells sustain ROS production after antigen uptake that is required to initiate T cell responses. Highlighted Article: In human dendritic cells, the membrane component of the NADPH oxidase NOX2 complex is initially recruited to phagosomes from the plasma membrane, and oxidized NOX2 complex subunits are replenished from a lysosomal pool.
Reasonable decision of anesthesia methods in patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis in a single Japanese institution.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite being a valuable therapeutic option, it has not yet been reported whether endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal carcinoma should be performed under general or non-general anesthesia (sedation). MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinicopathological factors (age, sex, histology, tumor size, tumor location, tumor macroscopic morphology, and adverse events) of 110 superficial esophageal carcinoma lesions (98 patients) treated by ESD at a single Japanese institution from January 2007 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed using medical records. RESULTS Among 110 lesions, 94 lesions were resected under general anesthesia, and 16 lesions were resected under non-general anesthesia by an experienced endoscopist. Although the number of complications was 12 in the group of general anesthesia and 1 in sedated patients, no significant differences between both groups were found in the incidence of adverse events (total adverse events: 12.2% versus 1.02%, p=0.456; mediastinal emphysema: 11.2% versus 1.02%, p=0.518; pulmonary atelectasis: 1.02% versus 0%, p=0.679). All of the events could be managed conservatively. CONCLUSION For ordered management of accidental events during esophageal ESD, general anesthesia might be a crucial option for a better clinical outcome even when administered by non-experienced operators.
Vitamin D Deficiency Among Children With Epilepsy in South Queensland

This study evaluated prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency among children with epilepsy on long-term antiepileptic drugs treated in South Queensland, Australia. Children with epilepsy seen in a tertiary neurology clinic were contacted requesting bone health blood tests during winter of 2011. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL, and insufficiency between 21 and 29 ng/mL. One hundred thirty letters were sent, with 111 (85%) subsequently having blood tests performed. Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 24 (22%) of 111 and an additional 45 (41%) of 111 had vitamin D insufficiency. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified children on >2 antiepileptic drugs or with underlying genetic etiologies were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency. High proportion of children on long-term antiepileptic drugs in Queensland risk vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency despite living in the subtropics. Vitamin D monitoring and supplementation is important in the management of children on long-term antiepileptic drugs requiring tertiary care in Queensland.
Synthesis and Application of Amine Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Menaquinone-7 Fermentation: A Step towards Process Intensification

Industrial production of menaquione-7 by Bacillus subtilis natto is associated with major drawbacks. To address the current challenges in menaquione-7 fermentation, studying the effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the bacterial cells can open up a new domain for intensified menqainone-7 process. This article introduces the new concept of production and application of l-lysine coated iron oxide nanoparticles (l-Lys@IONs) as a novel tool for menaquinone-7 biosynthesis. l-Lys@IONs with the average size of 7 nm were successfully fabricated and were examined in a fermentation process of l-Lys@IONs decorated Bacillus subtilis natto. Based on the results, higher menaquinone-7 specific yield was observed for l-Lys@IONs decorated bacterial cells as compared to untreated bacteria. In addition, more than 92% removal efficacy was achieved by using integrated magnetic separation process. The present study demonstrates that l-Lys@IONs can be successfully applied during a fermentation of menaquinone-7 without any negative consequences on the culture conditions. This study provides a novel biotechnological application for IONs and their future role in bioprocess intensification.
Uma investigação sobre a aquisição das regras de formação da construção resultativa por bilíngues de alta proficiência do par linguístico português do Brasil e inglês

O presente artigo relata os resultados de uma tarefa de julgamento de aceitabilidade realizada atraves do paradigma da estimativa de magnitude. Mais especificamente, investiga-se o comportamento de bilingues do par linguistico portugues do Brasil e ingles com alta proficiencia diante de sentencas em ingles – gramaticais e agramaticais – que instanciam a construcao resultativa. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que esses bilingues apresentam comportamento similar ao dos monolingues do ingles em relacao a construcao resultativa gramatical, mas nao em relacao a agramatical, que sao consideravelmente mais aceitas pelos bilingues. Assim, este estudo corrobora a ideia de que o grau de aprendizibilidade de uma construcao pode estar ligado ao tipo de relacao entre a L1 e a L2 envolvidas e de que tal relacao nao e suficiente para fazer com que bilingues se tornem tao sensiveis quanto falantes nativos no que tange as restricoes de uma construcao.
Did You Just See That? Making Sense of Environmentally Relevant Behavior

Abstract We explored how social perceivers detect and explain others' environmentally relevant behaviors (ERBs). Participants watched short videos in which an actor performed an ERB (e.g., composting) or a control behavior (e.g., setting the table); they were then asked to explain why the actor had performed this behavior. Participants “detected” an (a priori classified) ERB if their explanation made explicit reference to the environmental relevance of the action. In a comparison of self-identified environmentalists and nonenvironmentalists, environmentalists detected significantly more ERBs (d=1.3). Relying on a recently developed theory of behavior explanations, we also classified explanations into two modes: Explainers can offer reasons and thereby “mentalize”—citing the subjective mental states (e.g., beliefs, desires) in light of which the agent chose to act; explainers can also offer causal history factors, referring to the broader background of that choice (e.g., personality, culture). When perceiv.
A Detailed Study of the Attachment Strategies of New Autonomous Systems in the AS Connectivity Graph

The connectivity of the autonomous systems (ASs) in the Internet can be modeled as a time-evolving random graph, whose nodes represent ASs and whose edges represent direct connections between them. Even though this graph has some random aspects, its properties show it to be fundamentally different from "traditional" random graphs. In the first part of this paper, we use real BGP data to study some properties of the AS connectivity graph and its evolution in time. In the second part, we build a simple model that is inspired by observations made in the first part, and we discuss simulations of this model.
Childhood Motor Speech Disability

1.The Nature of Childhood Motor Speech Disability. Introduction: Childhood Dysarthria versus Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia. Definition of Terms. Characteristics of Childhood Dysarthria. 2.The Neurology of Childhood Motor Speech Disability. The Motor System. Cortical Level. Descending Motor Pathways. Subcortical Level. Peripheral Motor System Pathways. Clinical Neurology of the Childhood Dysarthrias. Clinical Neurology of Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia. 3.The Childhood Dysarthrias of Cerebral Palsy. Introduction. Spastic Syndromes. Dyskinetic Syndromes. Ataxic Syndromes. 4.The Childhood Dysarthrias of the Lower Motor Neuron. Introduction. Lower Motor-Unit Dysarthrias. 5.Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia. Controversial Issues. Single Case Studies: Evidence for the Disorder. Recent Developments. 6.Assessment. Introduction to Childhood Dysarthria Assessment. Oral-Motor Evaluation of the Prespeaking Child. Clinical Testing for Dysphagia. Abnormal Oral Reflexes and Deviant Oral-Motor Behavior. Radiologic Examination in the Dysphagic Child. Oral-Motor Evaluation of the Speaking Child. Assessment of Speech Production Subsystems in Childhood Dysarthria. Cognitive-Linguistic Assessment. Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia Assessment. 7.Issues in Speech Management of Childhood Dysarthria. Introduction. Prespeech Oral-Motor Training and Early Intervention. Later Oral-Motor Management. Technology in Childhood Dysarthria. 8.Therapy for Childhood Motor Speech Disability. A Subsystems Approach to the Management of Childhood Dysarthrias. Respiratory Dysfunction. Laryngeal Dysfunction. Velopharyngeal Dysfunction. Articulatory Muscle Dysfunction. Management of Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia. Index.
Marginal stability and predator–prey behaviour within storm tracks

A predator–prey relationship between storm track intensity and growth rate is revealed in reanalysis data of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, as well as in an idealized global circulation model with a zonally asymmetric heating dipole. Averaging in the phase space of these two quantities reveals that both quantities oscillate on approximately monthly time‐scales. These oscillations occur due to quasi‐periodic bursts in storm track activity that reduce excess baroclinicity and bring the flow back towards a state that is marginally stable to those bursts. Many detailed properties of these oscillations are reproduced well by a two‐dimensional dynamical system, especially in respect of the North Atlantic storm track which is more zonally constrained than that in the North Pacific. It is predicted and observed that on average stronger storm events occur less frequently but grow on a shorter time‐scale. The results suggest that nonlinearly oscillating behaviour around a state of baroclinic neutrality is a general feature of localized storm tracks, and they offer a new perspective on the study of baroclinic instability.
Synergism between platelets and neutrophils in provoking cardiac dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion: role of selectins.

BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMNs) are known to contribute to both cardiac dysfunction and myocardial necrosis after reperfusion of an ischemic heart. Moreover, platelets are also important blood cells that can aggravate myocardial ischemic injury. This study was designed to test the effects of PMNs and platelets separately and together in provoking cardiac dysfunction in isolated perfused rat hearts after ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Control rat hearts not subjected to ischemia were perfused without blood cells for 80 minutes. Additional control rat hearts were perfused with 75x106 PMNs, with 100x106 platelets, or with 75x106 PMNs+100x106 platelets over a 5-minute perfusion followed by a 75-minute observation period. No significant reduction in coronary flow, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), or the first derivative of LVDP (dP/dtmax) was observed at the end of the observation period in any nonischemic group. Similarly, global ischemia (I) for 20 minutes followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion (R) produced no sustained effects on the final recovery of any of these parameters in any group of hearts perfused in the absence of blood cells. However, I/R hearts perfused with either PMNs or platelets alone exhibited decreases in these variables of 10% to 12% (P<0.05 from control). Furthermore, I/R hearts perfused with both PMNs and platelets exhibited decreases of 50% to 60% in all measurements of cardiac function (P<0.001). These dual-cell-perfused I/R hearts also exhibited marked increases in cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, indicating a significant PMN infiltration, and enhanced P-selectin expression on the coronary microvascular endothelium. All cardiodynamic effects as well as MPO accumulation and PMN infiltration were markedly attenuated by a sialyl LewisX-oligosaccharide or a recombinant soluble P-selectin ligand, which inhibits selectin-mediated cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that platelets and neutrophils act synergistically in provoking postreperfusion cardiac dysfunction and that this may be largely due to cell-to-cell interactions mediated by P-selectin. These findings may help explain the reperfusion injury phenomenon.
A Simulation Study on the Performance Analysis of the Data Link Layer of IEC/ISA Fieldbus

Fieldbus provides real-time data communication among field devices in the process control and fac tory automation systems. IEC and ISA recently approved the fieldbus standard for use in indus trial control systems. The data link layer of IEC/ ISA fieldbus provides token-passing and schedul ing services for data transmission. This paper ana lyzes the performance characteristics of the IEC/ ISA fieldbus, especially the capabilities of the real- time data transmission and priority mechanism. In this study, a discrete-event simulation model of the data link layer of IEC/ISA fieldbus is developed. Using the simulation model, this study identifies the network parameters that influence the perfor mance of the data link layer, and investigates the delay performance with respect to the change of the network parameters. Based on the simulation analy sis, this study draws essential conclusions that should be considered in the network system design and operation of IEC/ISA fieldbus.
Perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated late preterm pregnancies with borderline oligohydramnios

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the adverse perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated late preterm pregnancies with borderline oligohydramnios. Methods: A total of 430 pregnant women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy at a gestational age of 34 + 0–36 + 6 weeks were included. Borderline oligohydramnios was defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of 5.1–8 cm, which was measured using the four-quadrant technique. Adverse perinatal outcomes were compared between the borderline and normal AFI groups. Results: Approximately 107 of the 430 pregnant women were borderline AFI, and 323 were normal AFI. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar in both groups. Delivery <37 weeks, cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart-rate testing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, Apgar 5 min <7, transient tachypnea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal intensive care unit, and hyperbilirubinemia were not statistically different between the groups (p = .054, p = .134, p = .749, p = 0.858, p = .703, p = .320, p = .185, and p = .996, respectively). Although gestational age was full-term, induction of labor rates were significantly higher in the borderline AFI group (p = .040). In addition, fetal renal artery pulsatility index pulsatility index (PI) was significantly lower in the borderline AFI group than in the normal AFI group (p = .014). Conclusion: Our results indicated that borderline AFI was not a risk for adverse perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated, late preterm pregnancies.
Lipid Bilayer Formation in Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Liquids

The formation of lipid bilayers between ionic liquid droplets is presented as a new means of forming functional bimolecular networks. Ionic liquids are molten salts that have a number of interesting properties, such as the ability to be a liquid at room temperature and exceedingly low vapor pressure. Our research demonstrates that it is possible to consistently and repeatable form lipid bilayers on droplets of ionic liquid solutions. Characterization of the bilayers interfaces shows that the ionic liquids have negligible effects on the stability and electrical properties of the bilayer. It is also shown that the conductance levels in the gating events of Alamethicin peptide are affected by some ionic liquids.