Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Principal Component Analysis for Wireless Sensor Networks

The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a data dimensionality reduction tech-nique well-suited for processing data from sensor networks. It can be applied to tasks like compression, event detection, and event recognition. This technique is based on a linear trans-form where the sensor measurements are projected on a set of principal components. When sensor measurements are correlated, a small set of principal components can explain most of the measurements variability. This allows to significantly decrease the amount of radio communication and of energy consumption. In this paper, we show that the power iteration method can be distributed in a sensor network in order to compute an approximation of the principal components. The proposed implementation relies on an aggregation service, which has recently been shown to provide a suitable framework for distributing the computation of a linear transform within a sensor network. We also extend this previous work by providing a detailed analysis of the computational, memory, and communication costs involved. A com-pression experiment involving real data validates the algorithm and illustrates the tradeoffs between accuracy and communication costs.
Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Cancer Survivorship: A Review

Cancer survivors report that cancer can elicit symptoms of traumatic stress, but also personal growth. Although most survivors do not meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic stress symptomatology in the form of intrusive thoughts about the disease, avoidance of reminders of cancer, and hyper-vigilance are commonly reported by survivors after treatment completion. Posttraumatic growth resulting from cancer is also frequently reported by survivors. This review examines theory and evidence for posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth related to cancer. Predictors, temporal course, and interventions to reduce traumatic stress and enhance growth are described. The review concludes with recommendations for addressing posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth in the clinical setting.
Improving diagnostic resolution of delay faults using path delay fault model

The known methods of transition fault diagnosis usually suffer from the drawback of many candidates. The method presented in this paper aims at reducing the number of suspects. The transition fault patterns were generated by Philips in-house ATPG tool and applied on the tester. The fail information from tester was subjected to fault diagnosis resulting in a small list of faulty candidates. We then injected the delay faults into the golden netlist of the test chip and confirmed through simulation whether or not their behavior matched with the tester results. Upon successful matching, we proceeded with the selection of few testable paths through the suspect faulty node and created corresponding path delay patterns using the path delay ATPG (a prototype at the University of Bremen, developed in cooperation with Philips Semiconductors GmbH, Hamburg). Finally, we verified those path delay patterns on the tester to increase the confidence level of the diagnosis method The experimental results show the effectiveness of our novel approach for improving diagnostic resolution.
The Mechanical Properties of Wood

5–1 The mechanical properties presented in this chapter were obtained from tests of pieces of wood termed “clear” and “straight grained” because they did not contain characteristics such as knots, cross grain, checks, and splits. These test pieces did have anatomical characteristics such as growth rings that occurred in consistent patterns within each piece. Clear wood specimens are usually considered “homogeneous” in wood mechanics.
INK4/ARF Transcript Expression Is Associated with Chromosome 9p21 Variants Linked to Atherosclerosis

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 9p21 near the INK4/ARF (CDKN2A/B) tumor suppressor locus with risk of atherosclerotic diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To explore the mechanism of this association, we investigated whether expression of proximate transcripts (p16INK4a, p15INK4b, ARF, ANRIL and MTAP) correlate with genotype of representative 9p21 SNPs. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed expression of 9p21 transcripts in purified peripheral blood T-cells (PBTL) from 170 healthy donors. Samples were genotyped for six selected disease-related SNPs spanning the INK4/ARF locus. Correlations among these variables were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Significantly reduced expression of all INK4/ARF transcripts (p15INK4b, p16INK4a, ARF and ANRIL) was found in PBTL of individuals harboring a common SNP (rs10757278) associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease, stroke and aortic aneurysm. Expression of MTAP was not influenced by rs10757278 genotype. No association of any these transcripts was noted with five other tested 9p21 SNPs. Conclusions/Significance Genotypes of rs10757278 linked to increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases are also associated with decreased expression in PBTL of the INK4/ARF locus, which encodes three related anti-proliferative transcripts of known importance in tumor suppression and aging.
Regions of variable DNA methylation in human placenta associated with newborn neurobehavior

ABSTRACT The placenta regulates the in utero environment and functionally impacts fetal development. Candidate gene studies identified variation in placental DNA methylation is associated with newborn neurologic and behavioral outcomes including movement quality, lethargic behavior, attention, and arousal. We sought to identify novel regions of variable DNA methylation associated with newborn attention, lethargy, quality of movement, and arousal by performing an epigenome-wide association study in 335 infants from a US birth cohort. Methylation status was quantified using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array and associations to newborn outcomes assessed by the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) were identified while incorporating established bioinformatics algorithms to control for confounding by cell type composition. Methylation of CpGs within FHIT (cg15970800) and ANKRD11 (cg16710656) demonstrated genome-wide significance (P < 1.8 × 10−7) in specific associations with infant attention. CpGs whose differential methylation was associated with all 4 neurobehavioral outcomes were common to 50 genes involved in biological processes relating to cellular adhesion and nervous system development. Comprehensive methylation profiling identified relationships between methylation of FHIT and ANKRD11, which have been previously linked to neurodevelopment and behavioral outcomes in genetic association studies. Subtle changes in DNA methylation of these genes within the placenta may impact normal variation of a newborn's ability to alter and track visual and auditory stimuli. Gene ontology analysis suggested that those genes with variable methylation related to these outcomes are over-represented in biological pathways involved in brain development and placental physiology, supportive of our hypothesis for a key role of the placenta in neurobehavioral outcomes.
Wet rice straw ensiling with biogas slurry: A prospective feed preservation technique for higher protein content and metabolizable energy

Bio-slurry, a byproduct of biogas plant is not using properly and most of the cases causing environmental and social hazard by discharging it in public places though it rich in nutrients especially protein (16-20% CP) and produced through beneficiary anaerobic microorganisms. On the other hand, Straw is highly fibrous residue having low protein (CP <3%) content which mostly indigestible. The poor digestibility of straw is further caused by the presence of high amount of inhibitory mineral element called silica. The combination of low intake, low degradability, low nitrogen content and an imbalanced mineral composition means that rice straw alone may not even meet the animal’s maintenance needs. Therefore, the animals are suffering from nutrients deficiencies resulting in poor health and productivity of these animals reared on straw based ration. Under this situation, it is essential to find out the ways and means to increase the supply and quality of feed to livestock to fulfill their deficiencies. So, the way to improve the crude protein, metabolizable energy and preservation quality, wet rice straw can be ensiled with biogas slurry. The principles of ensiling process of straw are maintenance of anaerobic conditions throughout the ensiling and rapid decline in pH value by lactic acid bacteria. Ensiling of wet rice straw along with biogas slurry may produce a good quality ensilage for feeding cattle having desire palatability, nutrient content and digestibility and also reduce the environmental pollution.
WHEN USED WITH CHILDREN WHO ARE DEAF

Children who are born deaf typically do not possess the experience, cognitive skills, and linguistic base necessary to achieve reading fluency beyond a fourth-grade level (King & Quigley, 1985). Karchmer and Trybus (1977) found that the median reading score (grade equivalent) of deaf students age 20 years and older was 4.5, with only 10% of them reading at or above the eighth-grade level. These data are comparisons of deaf students’ scores relative to norms developed with hearing students (Moores, 1996). The Center for Assessment and Demographic Studies, Gallaudet University, published a report on Stanford Achievement Test scores from the 1989–1990 school year. In part, the report compared grade equivalency scores of 15year-old hearing students with the scores of comparably aged deaf and hard of hearing students. This comparison indicated that the average hearing 15-year-old read at the 10th-grade level. The average deaf or hard of hearing 15-year-old, however, read only at the fourth-grade level (Holt, 1993). Too often, the deaf child brings an impoverished knowledge base and weak English skills to the reading process. The reading problems of children who are deaf are thought to be linked to early English-language deprivation and associated linguistic deficiencies. Literacy skills have been a major concern of educators of deaf children HE PURPOSE of the study was to assess the relative effectiveness of print, sign, and pictures in the transfer of reading-related information to children who are deaf. By means of personal computers, deaf children were presented CD-ROM-generated stories in four different formats: print only, print plus pictures, print plus sign language, and print plus pictures plus sign. A repeated-measure design was used to analyze participants’ reading comprehension performance. Significant differences were found among the four presentation options. One observed phenomenon was that participants would switch from American Sign Language to Signed English when analyzing text. The study findings suggest that presenting stories on CD-ROM with multiple modes of reading cues, such as print, pictures, and sign language, may be an enjoyable and interesting supplement to standard reading practices.
Universal fitting formulae for baryon oscillation surveys

The next generation of galaxy surveys will attempt to measure the baryon oscillations in the clustering power spectrum with high accuracy. These oscillations encode a preferred scale which may be used as a standard ruler to constrain cosmological parameters and dark energy models. In this paper we present simple analytical fitting formulae for the accuracy with which the preferred scale may be determined in the tangential and radial directions by future spectroscopic and photometric galaxy redshift surveys. We express these accuracies as a function of survey parameters such as the central redshift, volume, galaxy number density and (where applicable) photometric redshift error. These fitting formulae should greatly increase the efficiency of optimizing future surveys, which requires analysis of a potentially vast number of survey configurations and cosmological models. The formulae are calibrated using a grid of Monte Carlo simulations, which are analysed by dividing out the overall shape of the power spectrum before fitting a simple decaying sinusoid to the oscillations. The fitting formulae reproduce the simulation results with a fractional scatter of 7 per cent (10 per cent) in the tangential (radial) directions over a wide range of input parameters. We also indicate how sparse-sampling strategies may enhance the effective survey area if the sampling scale is much smaller than the projected baryon oscillation scale.
A model of the T-type calcium current and the low-threshold spike in thalamic neurons.

1. A model of the transient, low-threshold voltage-dependent (T-type) Ca2+ current is constructed using recent whole-cell voltage-clamp data from enzymatically isolated rat thalamocortical relay neurons. The T-type Ca2+ current is described according to the Hodgkin-Huxley scheme, using the m3h format, with rate constants determined from the experimental data (22-24 degrees C; extracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]o = 3 mM). 2. The T-type Ca2+ current inactivates rapidly during maintained depolarization (time constant, Tau h approximately 20 ms at -20 mV), yet recovery from inactivation is slow (time constant, Tau r approximately 270 ms at -80 mV). To reconcile these observations, a two-step kinetic scheme is proposed for the inactivation gate. Each of the time constants in this scheme is voltage dependent, with a maximum at about -85 mV (45 ms for one and 275 ms for the other). 3. Numerical simulations of recovery in a two-pulse, voltage-clamp protocol compare favorably with experimental results obtained by Coulter et al. as well as those obtained in an independent series of experiments with guinea pig thalamic neurons ([Ca2+]o = 10 mM). 4. For current-clamp simulations, a leakage current gL (V-VL) is included; with VL = -65 mV, the calculated resting membrane potential is -63 mV. 5. It is shown that the T-type Ca2+ current together with the leakage current suffices to describe the low-threshold spike (LTS), a slow, triangular-shaped depolarizing event that can be evoked only from relatively hyperpolarized membrane potentials and that underlies the burst firing of Na(+)-dependent action potentials in thalamic neurons. Outward currents are not required to reproduce the basic shape of the LTS. 6. The LTS can be activated with either a depolarizing current step from a sufficiently hyperpolarized level or on termination of a hyperpolarizing current step. In either case, the amplitude of the LTS is a monotonically increasing, sigmoid-shape function of the hyperpolarizing current step intensity. 7. Because of the slower kinetic step of the channel's inactivation gate, our model predicts that recovery of the LTS to greater than one-half amplitude would require a prolonged hyperpolarization of greater than 100 ms (at body temperature). This imposes an upper limit (approximately 10 Hz) on the frequency of repetitive hyperpolarization that can elicit a train of LTSs and hence on the frequency of any rhythm that requires LTS-mediated bursting of thalamic neurons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Unsupervised Multiword Segmentation of Large Corpora using Prediction-Driven Decomposition of n-grams

We present a new, efficient unsupervised approach to the segmentation of corpora into multiword units. Our method involves initial decomposition of common n-grams into segments which maximize within-segment predictability of words, and then further refinement of these segments into a multiword lexicon. Evaluating in four large, distinct corpora, we show that this method creates segments which correspond well to known multiword expressions; our model is particularly strong with regards to longer (3+ word) multiword units, which are often ignored or minimized in relevant work.
Immediate effect of acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Xuanzhong (GB39) on uterine arterial blood flow in primary dysmenorrhea.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare immediate effect of acupuncture at SP6 on uterine arterial blood flow in primary dysmenorrhea with that of GB39. DESIGN This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING Sixty-six (66) patients with primary dysmenorrhea from the Affiliated Hospital of Shangdong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were recruited. INTERVENTIONS The SP6 group (n =32) was treated with manual acupuncture at bilateral SP6 for 5 minutes after obtaining needling sensation (de qi) during the period of menstrual pain, whereas the control group (n = 34) was needled at GB39 of both sides for 5 minutes when they suffered menstrual pain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and ratio of systolic peak and diastolic peak (A/B) in uterine arteries were the main outcome measures. RESULTS Highly significant reductions were observed in the SP6 treatment group 5 minutes after treatment in menstrual pain scores (8.17 ± 1.90 versus 11.20 ± 2.66; p < 0.001), values of PI (1.75 ± 0.48 versus 2.32 ± 0.70; p < 0.001), RI (0.72 ± 0.11 versus 0.78 ± 0.07; p < 0.001), and A/B (4.33 ± 1.37 versus 5.23 ± 1.67; p < 0.001). Compared with the GB39 control group, patients in the SP6 treatment group showed significant reductions in 5 minutes after treatment in the changes of menstrual pain scores (3.03 ± 2.36 versus 0.00 ± 0.29; p < 0.001), values of PI (0.57 ± 0.42 versus -0.10 ± 0.58; p < 0.001), RI (0.06 ± 0.08 versus -0.03 ± 0.15; p < 0.01), and A/B (0.90 ± 0.87 versus 0.23 ± 1.02; p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in menstrual pain scores, values of PI, RI, or A/B before and after treatment in the GB39 control group (p > 0.05). No adverse events from treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that needling at SP6 can immediately improve uterine arterial blood flow of patients with primary dysmenorrhea, while GB39 does not have these effects.
Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Intravenous Dexketoprofen in Lumbar Disc Surgery

BackgroundWe investigated the postoperative analgesic efficacy and effect on total tramadol consumption of intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in patients that had undergone lumbar disc surgery. MethodsSixty patients were included in this placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. General anesthesia was applied to both groups. Group D (n=30) received dexketoprofen (50 mg) intravenously 30 minutes before the end of surgery and at the postoperative 12th hour, whereas group C (n=30) received 2 mL of 0.9% NaCL intravenously at the same time points. All patients received a patient controlled analgesia device with a tramadol, 25 mg bolus, 15 minutes lockout protocol, and were followed with visual analog scale, verbal rating scale, modified Aldrete recovery scoring system, and Ramsay sedation scale in the postoperative period. ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups for demographic data, duration of surgery, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. The time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly longer in group D (151.33±81.98 min) than group C (19±5.78 min) (P<0.001). Total tramadol consumption was significantly lower in group D (117.50±48.31 mg) than group C (311.67±59.35 mg) (P<0.05). Visual analog scale and verbal rating scale values in group D were significantly lower than group C at all follow-up periods (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups for the modified Aldrete recovery scoring system (P<0.05) but not for Ramsay sedation scale. The instances of nausea and vomiting among the side effects were significantly lower in group D (P<0.05). ConclusionWe found that dexketoprofen was an effective analgesic for postdiscectomy pain when used alone or in addition to opioids. It is easy to administer and decreases tramadol consumption and opioid-related side effects.
Virus‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome A benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis

Nineteen patients whose bone marrow smears showed histiocytic hyperplasia with prominent hemophagocytosis were found to have a clinicopathologic syndrome associated with active viral infection. High fever, constitutional symptoms, liver function, and coagulation abnormalities and peripheral blood cytopenias were characteristic findings. Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and skin rash were often present. Fourteen of the patients were immunosuppressed. Active infection by herpes group viruses was documented in 14 patients and by adenovirus in 1. The bone marrow of most patients also showed decreased granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis with normal to increased numbers of megakaryocytes. Treatment generally consisted of supportive therapy and withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs. Thirteen patients recovered. Lymph node biopsy and autopsy material showed generalized histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis. The relationship of this disorder to familial hemophagocytic reticulosis, familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, and malignant histiocytosis is discussed. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapy may be contraindicated in the treatment of this virus‐associated syndrome.
Improving fMRI sensitivity by normalization of basal physiologic state

The power of fMRI in assessing neural activities is hampered by inter‐subject variations in basal physiologic parameters, which may not be related to neural activation but has a modulatory effect on fMRI signals. Therefore, normalization of fMRI signals with these parameters is useful in reducing variations and improving sensitivity of this important technique. Recently, we have shown that basal venous oxygenation is a significant modulator of fMRI signals and individuals with higher venous oxygenation tend to have lower fMRI signals. In this study, we aim to test the utility of venous oxygenation normalization in distinguishing subject groups. A “model” condition was used in which two visual stimuli with different flashing frequencies were used to stimulate two subject groups, respectively, thereby simulating the situation of control and patient groups. It was found that visual‐evoked BOLD signal is significantly correlated with baseline venous T2 (P = 0.0003) and inclusion of physiologic modulator in the regression analysis can substantially reduce P values of group‐level statistical tests. When applied to voxel‐wise analysis, the normalization process can allow the detection of more significant voxels. The utility of other basal parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygenation, and end‐tidal CO2, in BOLD normalization was also assessed and it was found that the improvement was less significant. Time‐to‐peak of the BOLD responses was also studied and it was found that subjects with higher basal venous oxygenation tend to slower BOLD responses. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.