Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Floor‐fractured impact craters on Venus: Implications for igneous crater modification and local magmatism

Regional tectonism and volcanism affect crater modification and crater loss on Venus, but a comparison of Venusian craters to lunar floor-fractured craters suggests that a third style of more localized, crater-controlled magmatism also may occur on Venus. Based on lunar models for such magmatism, Venusian crustal conditions should generally favor crater-filling volcanism over crater-centered floor fracturing. Nevertheless, three craters on Venus strongly resemble extensively modified craters on the Moon where deformation can be attributed to failure over large crater-centered intrusions. Models for crater modification over igneous intrusions indicate typical magmatic pressures beneath these three craters of ∼200–300 bars and intrusion depths of the order of 1–6 km. All three craters also share common settings and low elevations, whereas craters embayed by regional volcanism preferentially occur at much higher elevations on Venus. We suggest that the style of igneous crater modification on Venus thus may be elevation dependent, with crater-centered intrusions primarily occurring at low elevations on Venus. This interpretation is consistent with theoretically predicted variations in magmatic neutral buoyancy depth as a function of atmospheric pressure suggested by other authors.
Why Does Everyone Use the .05 Significance Level

Abstract Responses invited. While the issues raised in the following paper by Franks and Huck are not new ones, reminding readers to consider these points is important. Exactly how a scholar handles these issues depends on the questions asked, the resources available, as well as other considerations. I invite reaction to this paper. If some are received, I will offer Franks and Huck the opportunity to respond and publish the set together in a subsequent issue under “Dialogue. ”
Neuronal RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of dementia with Lewy bodies

An in situ approach was used to identify the oxidized nucleoside, 8-hydroxyguanosine in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurons with marked immunoreaction of 8-hydroxyguanosine in the cytoplasm were widely distributed in the hippocampal region and temporal neocortex. Relative intensity measurements of neuronal 8-hydroxyguanosine immunoreactivity showed that there was a significant increase in nucleic acid oxidation in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with controls. Treatment with nuclease (DNase or RNase) before the immunostaining demonstrated that RNA was a major site of nucleic acid oxidation. Together with the previously reported RNA oxidation in vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, neuronal RNA oxidation in dementia with Lewy bodies might represent one of the fundamental abnormalities in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Insulin Glargine and Aspart, Compared to NPH and Regular Insulin in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Objective Appropriate treatment of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is necessary to avoid further complications. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of insulin Glargine and Aspart with NPH insulin and regular insulin regimen in a group of children with T1DM. Methods Forty patients with T1DM were enrolled in this study. During run-in, all subjects were treated with conventional therapy consisting of twice-daily NPH and thrice-daily regular. Following randomization, 20 subjects received Glargine and Aspart and 20 subjects received NPH and Regular insulin. Findings Mean HbA1c was 8.8% and 8.6% at first and 8.4% and 8.2% at the end of study for subjects randomized initially to Glargine and Aspart and for those randomized to NPH and Regular, respectively (P>0.05). Mean fasting blood glucose (FBS) of the subjects randomized initially to Glargine and Aspart was 217±101 mg/dL, with no significant difference to 196±75 mg/dL for those randomized to NPH and Regular (P=0.48). This was also true at the end of the study. The difference in total cholesterol and triglyceride between the two groups in the beginning of study and at the end did not show any significance. Conclusion The current study showed no significant difference in glycemic control [Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and FBS] and lipid profile (total cholesterol and triglyceride) between two regimes.
Metabolism of Adenine Nucleotides in Human Blood

Biologically active concentrations of potently vasoactivc and platelet-active adenine nucleotides are generated in plasma by a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms. Although there is evidence that ATP and ADP are inactivated by endothelial ectonucleotidases, there has been little attempt to study the metabolic routes of their catabolism in blood or to assess the contribution of this process to their clearance in vivo. Therefore, we have studied the rates and patterns of catabolism of ATP, ADP, and AMP in whole blood, plasma, and isolated blood cells. Rates of degradation of each nucleotide in cell-free plasma ranged from 0.07–032 nmol/min/ml with 1 μM substrates to 1.1–3.6 nmol/min/ml with 100 μM substrates. The pattern of catabolism indicated that sequential dephosphorylation from ATP → ADP → AMP → adenosine occurs. In whole blood, the pattern was similar although ATP and ADP (but not AMP) breakdown was more rapid. This was due to leukocyte ectonucleotidase activity. The use of selective inhibitors demonstrated that catabolism was not due to nonspecific phosphatase activity and that plasma 5-nucleotidase is distinct from ATPase or ADPase. In leukocytes, ATPase and ADPase activities were distinguishable, and each contributed substantially to the rates of catabolism in whole blood. Leukocyte 5-nucleotidase did not measurably contribute to AMP dephosphorylation in blood. By comparison, ecto-ATPase and ecto-ADPase activities on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were similar to those on leukocytes while endothelial S'-nucleotidase per 10* cells was equivalent to the soluble activity in 1 ml of blood or plasma. We conclude that in microvascular beds, endothelial catabolism of circulating nucleotides predominates (as expected from the short half-lives of added nucleotides in vivo), but in larger blood vessels or at sites of impaired blood flow such as within a forming thrombus, leukocyte ecto-ATPase and ecto-ADPase and soluble 5'-nucleotidase may be important regulators of the concentrations of vasoactive nucleotides.
Neighborhood Effects on Unemployment ? A Test à la Altonji

The aim of this paper is to test for the influence of neighborhood deprivation on individual unemployment probability in the case of Lyon (France). We estimate a bivariate probit model of unemployment and location in a deprived neighborhood. Our identification strategy is twofold. First, we instrument neighborhood type by the gender composition of household's children and the spouse's workplace. Second, we use the methodology proposed by Altonji et al. (2005), that in our case consists in making hypotheses as to the correlation between the unobservables that determine unemployment and the unobservables that influence the selection into neighborhood types. Our results show that the effect of neighborhood deprivation is not significantly different from zero in the bivariate probit with exclusion restrictions. We also show that a correlation of the unobservables as low as ten percent of the correlation of observables is sufficient to explain the positive neighborhood effect that is observed when endogeneity is not accounted for.
Renormalization Group results for lattice surface models.

We study the phase diagram of statistical systems of closed and open interfaces built on a cubic lattice. Interacting closed interfaces can be written as Ising models, while open surfaces can be written as Z(2) gauge systems. When the open surfaces reduce to closed interfaces with few defects, the gauge model can be also written as an Ising spin model. We apply the lower bound renormalization group (LBRG) transformation introduced by Kadanoff (1975 Phys. Rev. Lett. 34 1005) to study the Ising models describing closed and open surfaces with few defects. In particular, we have studied the Ising-like transition of self-avoiding surfaces between the random isotropic phase and the phase with broken global symmetry at varying values of the mean curvature. Our results are compared with previous numerical work. The limits of the LBRG transformation in describing regions of the phase diagram where non-ferromagnetic ground states are relevant are also discussed.
A Review of Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Social Conformity

In groups, individuals often adjust their behavior to the majority’s. Here, we provide a brief introduction into the research on social conformity and review the first, very recent investigations elucidating the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Multiple studies suggest that conformity is a behavioral adjustment based on reinforcement-learning mechanisms in posterior medial frontal cortex and ventral striatum. It has also been suggested that the detection of cognitive inconsistency and the modulation of basic encoding processes are involved. Together, recent findings provide valuable insight into the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying social conformity and clearly point up the need for further studies in this field.
Comparison Between Nintendo Wii Fit Aerobics and Traditional Aerobic Exercise in Sedentary Young Adults

Abstract Douris, PC, McDonald, B, Vespi, F, Kelley, NC, and Herman, L. Comparison between Nintendo Wii Fit aerobics and traditional aerobic exercise in sedentary young adults. J Strength Cond Res 26(4): 1052–1057, 2012—Exergaming is becoming a popular recreational activity for young adults. The purpose was to compare the physiologic and psychological responses of college students playing Nintendo Wii Fit, an active video game console, vs. an equal duration of moderate-intensity brisk walking. Twenty-one healthy sedentary college-age students (mean age 23.2 ± 1.8 years) participated in a randomized, double cross-over study, which compared physiologic and psychological responses to 30 minutes of brisk walking exercise on a treadmill vs. 30 minutes playing Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” program. Physiologic parameters measured included heart rate, rate pressure product, respiratory rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Participants' positive well-being, psychological distress, and level of fatigue associated with each exercise modality were quantified using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale. The mean maximum heart rate (HRmax) achieved when exercising with Wii Fit (142.4 ± 20.5 b·min−1) was significantly greater (p = 0.001) compared with exercising on the treadmill (123.2 ± 13.7 b·min−1). Rate pressure product was also significantly greater (p = 0.001) during exercise on the Wii Fit. Participants' rating of perceived exertion when playing Wii Fit (12.7 ± 3.0) was significantly greater (p = 0.014) when compared with brisk walking on the treadmill (10.1 ± 3.3). However, psychologically when playing Wii Fit, participants' positive well-being decreased significantly (p = 0.018) from preexercise to postexercise when compared with exercising on the treadmill. College students have the potential to surpass exercise intensities achieved when performing a conventional standard for moderate-intensity exercise when playing Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” with a self-selected intensity. We concluded that Nintendo Wii Fit “Free Run” may act as an alternative to traditional moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in fulfilling the American College of Sports Medicine requirements for physical activity.
Non-invasive measurement of cholesterol in human blood by impedance technique: an investigation by 3D finite element field modelling

This paper concerns detection of particle concentration (e.g. cholesterol) in conductive media (e.g. human blood) by impedance technique. The technique is based on changes in the impedance measurement across a given conducting medium due to changes in the particle concentration. The impedance is calculated by calculating the current through the conducting media produced by electric field distribution between two electrodes. This is done by modelling and computation of 3D electric fields between the electrodes for known voltages applied between them using the well-known finite element method (FEM). The complexity of such FE models is attributed to particle distribution, their geometric and material parameters, and their shape and size which can be of many orders of magnitude smaller than the overall problem domain under investigation. This paper overcomes this problem by adopting an effective particle coagulation (aggregation) strategy in FE modelling without significantly affecting the accuracy of field computation.
The relationship between self‐esteem and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia: A longitudinal study

The relationship between self‐esteem and psychotic symptoms is unclear. We have conducted a secondary analysis of an 18‐month study of 66 people with schizophrenia to investigate the longitudinal relationship between self‐esteem and psychotic symptoms. We investigated associations between positive and negative psychotic symptoms and self‐esteem at baseline, after controlling for the effect of mood and other covariates using multiple regression. We then investigated the relationship between change in symptom measures and change in self‐esteem. We found ideas of grandeur significantly associated with self‐esteem at baseline. In the longitudinal regression analysis we found that a reduction in severity of negative symptoms was significantly associated with improvement in self‐esteem (and vice versa). These findings have therapeutic implications.
Personality and domain‐specific risk taking

The concept of risk propensity has been the subject of both theoretical and empirical investigation, but with little consensus about its definition and measurement. To address this need, a new scale assessing overall risk propensity in terms of reported frequency of risk behaviours in six domains was developed and applied: recreation, health, career, finance, safety and social. The paper describes the properties of the scale and its correlates: demographic variables, biographical self‐reports, and the NEO PI‐R, a Five Factor personality inventory (N = 2041). There are three main results. First, risk propensity has clear links with age and sex, and with objective measures of career‐related risk taking (changing jobs and setting up a business). Second, the data show risk propensity to be strongly rooted in personality. A clear Big Five pattern emerges for overall risk propensity, combining high extraversion and openness with low neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. At the subscale level, sensation‐seeking surfaces as a key important component of risk propensity. Third, risk propensity differs markedly in its distribution across job types and business sectors. These findings are interpreted as indicating that risk takers are of three non‐exclusive types: stimulation seekers, goal achievers, and risk adapters. Only the first group is truly risk seeking, the others are more correctly viewed as risk bearers. The implications for risk research and management are discussed.
Children's Concepts of Death

Summary One hundred twenty-two, middle-class white boys and girls aged 3 through 12 years were interviewed to determine the nature and the development of their concepts of death and the impact of experience on those concepts. Five conclusions were drawn from the results of this inquiry: (a) children's concepts of death were found to be constituted of components which were suggested prior to the study; (b) children's understanding of each of the components developed from absence to incomplete presence to complete presence; (c) children's concepts of death developed as a function of age maturity; (d) children's experiences with death accelerated death concept development only in 6-year-olds and below; and (e) children's concepts of death developed in three stages clearly related to the preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages suggested by Piaget. In contrast with Nagy's results, children did not reify death; furthermore, children 8-years-old and above were consistent in showing adul.
INCIDENTAL VERSUS INTENTIONAL WORD LEARNING FROM CONTEXT

The purpose of this study was to examine incidental word learning from context, that is, whether students would spontaneously focus on and acquire meanings for unknown words encountered in text. Sixty‐five eleventh graders constituted two treatment groups, incidental and intentional learning, and a control group. Materials included (a) a U.S. history text passage embedding 10 target words, and (b) a newspaper article passage on a similar topic which did not embed these words. As a pretest, all subjects were given a list of the target words and 10 distractors; they were asked to indicate whether they knew each word and to supply a definition. Then, the intentional learning group read the text passage with the target words underlined and completed a redefinition task. The incidental learning group read a second form of the passage without the words emphasized, while the control group read the newspaper passage. The following day, all subjects were posttested on the same self‐report and definition tasks. Res.
The Development of Musical Experience in Children of Pre-School Age

Since the early days of this century an extensive literature on child dcvelopmcm has accumulated. Collections of studies of a general kind, providing an overvie\\ of the various aspects of development, have been published, for example Remplein (1949) in German, or Carmichael (1954) in English. More detailed studies devoted to specialised aspects of the subject have also appeared; yet within this considerable range of literature, references to the musical development of children are rare, both in the standard manuals and in the more specialised researches.
Increased Circulating Cathepsin K in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent mammalian collagenases involved in cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the clinical predictive value of serum CatK levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We examined 134 patients with CHF, measuring their serum CatK, troponin I, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and pre-operative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. The patients were divided into two groups: the 44 patients who showed a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (the “lowLVEF” group) and the 90 patients showing LVEF values ≥ 40% (the “highLVEF” group). The lowLVEF patients had significantly higher serum CatK levels compared to the highLVEF patients (58.4 ± 12.2 vs. 44.7 ± 16.4, P < 0.001). Overall, a linear regression analysis showed that CatK levels correlated negatively with LVEF (r = −0.4, P < 0.001) and positively with LV end-diastolic dimensions (r = 0.2, P < 0.01), LV end-systolic dimensions (r = 0.3, P < 0.001), and left atrial diameters (r = 0.3, P < 0.01). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CatK levels were independent predictors of CHF (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.95; P < 0.01). These data indicate that elevated levels of CatK are closely associated with the presence of CHF and that the measurement of circulating CatK provides a noninvasive method of documenting and monitoring the extent of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in patients with CHF.
Work Values, Job Characteristics, and Gender

This study uses ordinal regression analysis to examine the impact of gender on work values, after controlling for various organizational variables. The analysis is based on a complete enumeration of women in a large Australian organization, together with “representative” and “matched” samples of male employees. When organizational variables are controlled, women are shown to place greater importance on working relations, men on salary, job status, and prestige in the community. Type of work has a significant impact on work values, as does the interaction of gender and type of work, thus supporting the argument that the array of occupations studied may be an important factor in explaining conflicting prior findings concerning the influence of gender on work values. While gender differences in some work values remain after a variety of organizational variables are considered, a model based on work experiences may still be appropriate for explaining such observed differences.
Help us but help yourself: the paradox of contemporary career management

Today’s boundary‐less and knowledge‐based economy with its focus on learning organization delivers a contradictory message to employees in managing their careers. On the one hand, contemporary organizations expect and demand that employees adopt a lifelong learning approach, be global‐oriented, successfully manage the dynamics of diversity in the work and marketplace, work in self‐directed teams, develop a feel for and rapid response to fast changing customer expectations and so on. On the other hand, organizations are silent on the question of who is going to bear the enormous cost of ongoing technical and behavioral training that the employees need to successfully manage in a global village. While today individuals accept the fact that they can no more expect the organizations to provide them lifelong, full‐time and stable careers, they would certainly prefer not to work for organizations that adopt the “help us but help yourself” attitude to career management. This paper discusses the implications of this paradox on the career management process at the organizational level and reviews best practice scenarios.
PTB7:PC$_{\text{71}}$BM-Based Solar Cells Fabricated With the Eutectic Alloy Field's Metal as an Alternative Cathode and the Influence of an Electron Extraction Layer

In this work, we study the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells based on the PTB7:PC71BM blend and the use of an alternative metal cathode called field's metal (FM) (Bi/In/Sn: 32.5%, 51%, 16.5%), which can be easily deposited through a vacuum-free process at regular atmosphere and low temperature (90 °C). The charge extraction and losses involved with the use of FM, in combination with an electron extraction layer, in this case the widely used polymer PFN, were fully analyzed using equivalent circuit models for the architecture ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTB7:PC71BM/PFN/FM. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) higher than 6% were reached with this architecture, which exhibited Jsc of 14.3 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.76 V, and FF of 0.6. The single-diode equivalent circuit model demonstrates that devices comprising FM as counterelectrode are characterized by a low series resistance (1.0 Ω · cm2), large shunt resistance (1.1 × 105 Ω · cm2), and low saturation current (1.4 × 10-7 mA/cm2). Additional electrical characterization, through impedance spectroscopy, was also carried out. The obtained PV parameters are similar to those exhibited by devices comprising standard counterelectrodes, i.e., Al, deposited through a high-vacuum evaporation process. Thus, FM, as nonconventional and alternative counterelectrode, in combination with an electron extraction layer, can be used to fabricate OPVs cells with very acceptable performance through a vacuum-free process.
The Adaptive Approach

In this essay, the authors analyze two different knowledge management (KM) approaches in the semiconductor industry: the object-based KM (OBKM) and community-based KM (CBKM) models. This reveals that organizational knowledge is not only distributed differently in different workplaces but also embedded in the specific context of interactions. The authors then illustrate that the CBKM model complements the OBKM model based on the complex adaptive system perspective. Furthermore, the adaptive approach that allows actors to benefit from both models in their work practices is proposed. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, as well as potential areas for further inquiries, are identified.