Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Carbon Metabolism in the Mollicutes and Its Relation to Virulence

The mollicutes are cell wall-less bacteria that live in close association with their eukaryotic hosts. Their genomes are strongly reduced and so are their metabolic capabilities. A survey of the available genome sequences reveals that the mollicutes are capable of utilizing sugars as source of carbon and energy via glycolysis. The pentose phosphate pathway is incomplete in these bacteria, and genes encoding enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are absent from the genomes. Sugars are transported by the phosphotransferase system. As in related bacteria, the phosphotransferase system does also seem to play a regulatory role in the mollicutes as can be concluded from the functionality of the regulatory HPr kinase/phosphorylase. In Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the activity of HPr kinase is triggered in the presence of glycerol. This carbon source may be important for the mollicutes since it is available in epithelial tissues and its metabolism results in the formation of hydrogen peroxide, the major virulence factor of several mollicutes. In plant-pathogenic mollicutes such as Spiroplasma citri, the regulation of carbon metabolism is crucial in the adaptation to life in plant tissues or the insect vectors. Thus, carbon metabolism seems to be intimately linked to pathogenicity in the mollicutes.
A 500 mV to 1.0 V 128 Kb SRAM in Sub 20 nm Bulk-FinFET Using Auto-adjustable Write Assist

It is essential to scale voltage to the lowest possible value to get maximum power saving while ensuring correct write operation in SRAMs. Writing on the bit-cell becomes tough as one moves to low periphery and array voltages. In some design cases the array voltage is kept 30 to 40 % higher than the periphery voltage or the word-line is lowered for read assist [1], deteriorating the write margin further. At low voltages, write assist technique such as negative bit-line has been shown to be more robust as compared to the other techniques [2]. However at high voltages this technique comes along with a problem of degraded reliability and data corruption on the half selected and unselected bit cells as they turn on due to excessive negative voltages on the source [3]. To overcome the same, we propose, an auto-adjustable negative bit-line write assist circuit which uses a combination of an array of capacitances, voltage dependent tracking circuit and hard reconfigurability to create a suitable negative voltage level according to the operating voltage, ranging from 500 mV to 1.0 V. The same has been implemented in a test chip for high-density (HD) and high speed (HS) 128 Kb SRAMs in a sub-20 nm bulk FinFET process, enabling the write operation successfully till 300 mV. The HS cut is able to run at more than 4.0 GHz while the HD cut achieves a speed of 3.5 GHz at -40 0C and operating voltage of 1 V. While the operating frequency achieved at 500 mV is above 2.0 GHz at -40 0C. At the worst PVT corners the minimum negative voltage on the bit line goes to -160 mV while at higher voltages it is greater than -180 mV level mitigating all the reliability issues and writing on the 6σ worst bit. The area impact is less than 10 %.
The Holy Ghost Beyond the Church Walls: Latino Pentecostalism(s), Congregations, and Civic Engagement

In what ways is Pentecostalism a catalyst or an inhibitor of congregational and congregant civic engagement among U.S. Latinos? And how does this compare to other religious traditions, specifically Latino Catholicism, Evangelicalism, and Mainline Protestantism? The dissertation argues that Latino Pentecostal congregations, depending on a variety of reasons such as demographics, and pastor's education, can either be very conservative, inward-looking, and otherworldly, or progressive and this-worldly – in addition to other options along this continuum. Such findings are particularly important given the common social scientific research assumption that Latino Pentecostal congregations are generally conservative, inward- looking, and otherworldly. After surveying a representative sample of Latino Pentecostal churches in Chicago, I found all Latino Pentecostal churches and their congregants are engaged both within the walls of the church and beyond in the community and in society. The difference among the types of churches is not whether they are engaged or not; rather, their differences have to do with their intensity and focus of engagement. This research confirmed the existence of "traditional" and "progressive" congregations, and the newly emerged "neo-conservative" Pentecostal church. The "traditional" church is the home of the disfranchised of the Latino community, while the other types are quickly becoming the places of worship for the upwardly mobile in the community. "Progressive" congregations are very progressive in all ways except for moral issues (all Latino Pentecostal churches were found to be very religious and very morally conservative), while "neo-conservative" churches are also progressive, but diminishingly so. As expected, "traditional" churches are not the inward-looking and otherworldly churches many people believe them to be. Although they have significant limitations, they are active at all levels of engagement, and, with a few exceptions, rival "progressive" churches in their progressive stances. In summary, there are different types of Pentecostal congregations and those differences are reflected in their civic engagement behavior. In fact, "Progressive" and "traditional" Latino congregations are not just leaders in civic engagement among Pentecostal but also among Latino churches from all faith traditions.
Train and Test Tightness of LP Relaxations in Structured Prediction

Structured prediction is used in areas such as computer vision and natural language processing to predict structured outputs such as segmentations or parse trees. In these settings, prediction is performed by MAP inference or, equivalently, by solving an integer linear program. Because of the complex scoring functions required to obtain accurate predictions, both learning and inference typically require the use of approximate solvers. We propose a theoretical explanation to the striking observation that approximations based on linear programming (LP) relaxations are often tight on real-world instances. In particular, we show that learning with LP relaxed inference encourages integrality of training instances, and that tightness generalizes from train to test data.
The Rise of Consciousness and the Development of Emotional Life

1. Studying Emotional Development 2. Deconstructing Emotions: Elicitors, Action Patterns, and Experiences 3. Multiple Emotions and Moods 4. The Early Emotions 5. The Rise of Consciousness 6. The Transforming Role of Consciousness: Self-Conscious Emotions, Social Relationships, and Mentalism 7. Lying and Deception in Emotional Life 8. The Self-Conscious Emotions 9. Temperament, Emotion, and Stress 10. The Socialization of Emotion 11. Emotional Development Gone Awry 12. The Fugue
Controversies in Blood‐level Monitoring: Reexamining Its Role in the Treatment of Epilepsy

Summary: This article reexamines the role of blood‐level monitoring (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the current treatment of epilepsy and identifies situations in which TDM can be useful. Basic pharmaco‐kinetic and pharmacodynamic principles are reviewed, with specific emphasis on kinetics of absorption/distribution/metabolism, elimination half‐life, time to steady state, and plasma drug concentrations. The relationship between AED intensity of effect (pharmacodynamics) and plasma concentration (pharmacokinetics) is expressed mathematically, examined in the context of the major old and new AEDs, and integrated with a historical look at the role of TDM. Situations in which TDM can be useful in the modern treatment of epilepsy are presented and discussed. For both older and newer AEDs, TDM is useful in six clinical situations: establishing “baseline” effective concentrations, evaluating potential causes for lack of efficacy, evaluating potential causes for toxicity, evaluating potential causes for loss of efficacy, judging “room to move’ or when to change AEDs, and minimizing predictable problems. TDM remains a valuable tool in the modern treatment of epilepsy. It can be selectively and appropriately utilized to help maximize seizure control and minimize side effects if levels are obtained in response to a patient‐specific pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic issue or problem.
Active and passive fault-tolerant LPV control of wind turbines

This paper addresses the design and comparison of active and passive fault-tolerant linear parameter-varying (LPV) controllers for wind turbines. The considered wind turbine plant model is characterized by parameter variations along the nominal operating trajectory and includes a model of an incipient fault in the pitch system. We propose the design of an active fault-tolerant controller (AFTC) based on an existing LPV controller design method and extend this method to apply for the design of a passive fault-tolerant controller (PFTC). Both controllers are based on output feedback and are scheduled on the varying parameter to manage the parameter-varying nature of the model. The PFTC only relies on measured system variables and an estimated wind speed, while the AFTC also relies on information from a fault diagnosis system. Consequently, the optimization problem involved in designing the PFTC is more difficult to solve, as it involves solving bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) instead of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulation results show the performance of the active fault-tolerant control system to be slightly superior to that of the passive fault-tolerant control system.
Self-help groups as sites of active citizenship: a qualitative study of the democratising role of self-help in the public sphere

Self-help groups in the United Kingdom continue to grow in number and address virtually every conceivable health condition, but they remain the subject of very little theoretical analysis. The literature to date has predominantly focused on their therapeutic effects on individual members. And yet they are widely presumed to fulfil a broader civic role and to encourage democratic citizenship. The thesis uses qualitative data derived from individual and group interviews with 33 groups in order to provide an outline of the ethos, aims, activities and structural arrangements of a broad range of self-help groups in Nottinghamshire, UK. It then uses these findings as the foundation on which to construct a model of self-help groups’ democratising effects in the public sphere and as a means of differentiating them from other types of ‘health citizenship’ organisation such as new social movements. In order to do this it broadly follows the work of Jurgen Habermas, making use of his concepts of communicative action; system-lifeworld integration; lifeworld autonomy and collective identity as an appropriate framework against which to account for these groups in civic terms. It was found that in their pursuit of personal and collective identities the groups were augmenting individual autonomy through increasing mutual recognition and understanding in the lifeworld. Although at first sight the groups appeared to be structured hierarchically, leaders tended to use their influence to foster a type of communicative equality that sustained the democratic negotiation of these identities. In addition, through their two-way communicative links with the system the groups were adding to the complexity and quality of discourse in the public sphere and increasing the possibility of attaining social consensus. Unlike new social movements who are believed to operate at the protest end of civil society, the self-help groups were oriented to its enabling sector.
Interference between work and home: an empirical study of the antecedents, outcomes, and coping strategies amongst public sector employees

Work-home interference has been receiving increasing attention in the organizational behaviour literature. It is defined as a form of inter-role conflic t in which the demands of the work role and the demands of the home role are mutually incompatible. Existing research on work interference with home/home interference with work has focused on situational antecedents and attitudinal outcomes, with limited attention paid to gender- and disposition-based predictors, behavioural outcomes, and coping strategies associated with interference. Using a quantitative methodology, this thesis drew upon two separate samples of UK public sector employees, comprising 208 and 226 respondents respectively, to pursue three aims: 1) to examine the roles of gender and of personality in contributing to interference, as well as the potential for characteristics associated with one domain (e.g., home) to influence the degree of interference generated by the opposing domain (e.g., work); 2) to investigate the link between interference and extra-role work behaviours such as organizatio na l citizenship and workplace deviance; and 3) to extend existing knowledge of coping strategies for dealing with work-home interference. Findings indicated that gender moderated the effects of both home- and work-related characteristics on home interference with work, and that dispositional variables were capable of predicting work-home interference above and beyond the effects of situational characteristics. With regard to behavioural outcomes, work-home interference predicted increased workplace deviance amongst employees. Work interference with home was associated with greater employee participation in organizational citizenship behaviours, while the opposite was true for home interference with work. In terms of coping with interference, cognitive reappraisal was identified as the most effective strategy, and gender was found to moderate the effect of certain coping strategies on interference. Contributions of the thesis, major research and practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Learning to Navigate the Energy Landscape

In this paper, we present a novel, general, and efficient architecture for addressing computer vision problems that are approached from an 'Analysis by Synthesis' standpoint. Analysis by synthesis involves the minimization of reconstruction error, which is typically a non-convex function of the latent target variables. State-of-the-art methods adopt a hybrid scheme where discriminatively trained predictors like Random Forests or Convolutional Neural Networks are used to initialize local search algorithms. While these hybrid methods have been shown to produce promising results, they often get stuck in local optima. Our method goes beyond the conventional hybrid architecture by not only proposing multiple accurate initial solutions but by also defining a navigational structure over the solution space that can be used for extremely efficient gradient-free local search. We demonstrate the efficacy and generalizability of our approach on tasks as diverse as Hand Pose Estimation, RGB Camera Relocalization, and Image Retrieval.
A Simple Algorithm for Computing a Cycle Separator

We present a linear time algorithm for computing a cycle separator in a planar graph that is (arguably) simpler than previously known algorithms. Our algorithm builds on, and is somewhat similar to, previous algorithms for computing separators. The main new ingredient is a specific layered decomposition of the planar graph constructed differently from previous BFS-based layerings.
Marijuana Use Among Clinic-Referred Hispanic American Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders: Gender Differences in Predictors of Growth Trajectory Parameters

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Kristin Lindahl. No. of pages in text. (116) This study was undertaken to evaluate gender differences in predictors of substance use in clinic-referred, Hispanic American adolescents with substance use disorders. Individual (disruptive behavior disorders, depression) and family variables (family conflict, parental monitoring) were evaluated as predictors of the initial level and change over time in marijuana use, and gender was evaluated as a moderator of the associations. The study involved an analysis of an existing dataset of 113 Hispanic American adolescents (93 boys; age 12 to 17) referred for outpatient treatment for substance abuse and their parental guardian. Participants and parental guardians completed questionnaires and a structured interview to report on predictor variables at baseline and marijuana use at baseline and 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-months post-baseline. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to evaluate the study hypotheses. Adolescents reported high levels of marijuana use at baseline and relatively stable levels of marijuana use over time. Treatment and gender effects influenced the marijuana use trajectory. Girls exhibited more impaired psychosocial functioning than boys, including worse disruptive behavior problems and depression and lower levels of parental monitoring. Depression was negatively associated with marijuana use longitudinally. Overall, individual and family risk factors are associated with adolescent marijuana use in complex ways. Implications for intervention are discussed. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 Prevalence of Adolescent Substance Abuse 3 Consequences of Substance Use in Adolescence 5 Gender and Substance Abuse 6 Substance Use in Hispanic American Adolescents 8 Substance Use Trajectories 10 Risk and Protective Factors 11 Ecodevelopmental Theory 12 The Current Study: Individual and Contextual Risk 14 Psychiatric Comorbidity 14 Family Functioning 22 Summary 28 Hypotheses 30 METHOD 33 Participants 33 Procedure 35 Measures 36 RESULTS 41 Statistical Analyses 41 Preliminary Analyses 45 Growth Curve Model: Marijuana Use 45 LGCM with Exogenous Predictors of Intercept and Slope 46 Summary of SEM Findings 48 Post Hoc Regression Analyses 48 Post Hoc Evaluation of Gender Differences in Predictors 52 Evaluation of Study Hypotheses 53 DISCUSSION 56 Marijuana Use in Clinic-Referred, Hispanic American Youth 57 Gender and Marijuana Use 61
Hedging Labor Income Risk

We use a detailed panel data set of Swedish households to investigate the relation between their labor income risk and financial investment decisions. In particular, we relate changes in wage volatility to changes in the portfolio holdings for households that switched industries between 1999 and 2002. We find that households do adjust their portfolio holdings when switching jobs, which is consistent with the idea that households hedge their human capital risk in the stock market. The results are statistically and economically significant. A household going from an industry with low wage volatility to one with high volatility ceteris paribus decreases its portfolio share of risky assets by up to 35%, or $15,575.
The effect of acute and long-term physical activity on extracellular matrix and serglycin in human skeletal muscle

Remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM), including regulation of proteoglycans in skeletal muscle can be important for physiological adaptation to exercise. To investigate the effects of acute and long‐term exercise on the expression of ECM‐related genes and proteoglycans in particular, 26 middle‐aged, sedentary men underwent a 12 weeks supervised endurance and strength training intervention and two acute, 45 min bicycle tests (70% VO2max), one at baseline and one after 12 weeks of training. Total gene expression in biopsies from m. vastus lateralis was measured with deep mRNA sequencing. After 45 min of bicycling approximately 550 gene transcripts were >50% upregulated. Of these, 28 genes (5%) were directly related to ECM. In response to long‐term exercise of 12 weeks 289 genes exhibited enhanced expression (>50%) and 20% of them were ECM related. Further analyses of proteoglycan mRNA expression revealed that more than half of the proteoglycans expressed in muscle were significantly enhanced after 12 weeks intervention. The proteoglycan serglycin (SRGN) has not been studied in skeletal muscle and was one of few proteoglycans that showed increased expression after acute (2.2‐fold, P < 0.001) as well as long‐term exercise (1.4‐fold, P < 0.001). Cultured, primary human skeletal muscle cells expressed and secreted SRGN. When the expression of SRGN was knocked down, the expression and secretion of serpin E1 (SERPINE1) increased. In conclusion, acute and especially long‐term exercise promotes enhanced expression of several ECM components and proteoglycans. SRGN is a novel exercise‐regulated proteoglycan in skeletal muscle with a potential role in exercise adaptation.
[A pilot study of measuring inferior vena cava internal diameter on transverse section plane in different sites by ultrasonography].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the shape change index (SCI) of inferior vena cava (IVC) measured from subcostal area and right mid-axillary line through ultrasonography laying the foundation for future research about SCI and volume status. METHODS A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the Critical Care Medicine Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December, 2014-January, 2015. The maximal diameter (MXD) and the minimal diameter (MID) were measured transversely from subcostal area and right mid-axillary line. The SCI was calculated. RESULTS Totally 47 patients (42 with spontaneous breathing and 5 on mechanical ventilation) achieved measurements on transversal plane from subcostal area and right mid-axillary line. (1) The internal diameter of IVC on longitudinal plane measured from subcostal area was statistically different from that measured from right mid-axillary line both at end inspiration (P=0.001) and at end expiration (P=0.027). (2) No difference were found in the SCI measured from subcostal and right mid-axillary line both at end inspiration and at expiration. (3) The internal diameter of IVC and the SCI measured on transversal plane from subcostal area correlated well with that measured from mid-axillary line both at end inspiration (SCI:r=0.866, P=0.000) and at end expiration (SCI: r=0.887, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Inferior vena cava internal diameters and the shape change index measured through ultrasonography on transversal planefrom subcostal area are correlated well with those from mid-axillary line. Measurements from the two sites can be replacedby each other.
Coming-Out: Gay Males' Information Seeking

This inquiry, undertaken in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States examines information-seeking of young gay males about coming-out, taking a social constructionist perspective on gay identity. The investigation uses data collected from critical incident technique interviews in which these young men related their information needs, information-seeking activities, and the conditions of these activities. Findings show that they typically encountered three types of information needs; these are linked to self-labeling, consequences for self-identifying as gay, and forming an understanding of a gay identity. Participants' information-seeking typically involved interacting with young gay adults through online forums. However, they also experienced a period when they did not pursue their information needs about coming-out. Conditions most strongly characterizing information-seeking were the experience of fear and the concealment of information-seeking activities. These findings are considered in association with Chatman's (1996) Theory of Information Poverty. The discussion of the findings also proposes directions for future research and provision of information.