Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assisting failure‐prone individuals to navigate achievement transitions using a cognitive motivation treatment (attributional retraining)

Transitions to novel achievement settings are often accompanied by unfamiliar learning conditions and unanticipated failure that undermine how individuals adapt to such situations. For first-year students, the transition to college is imbued with adverse learning conditions that can result in decreased motivation and academic performance. This study examined the efficacy of a motivation-enhancing treatment, attributional retraining (AR), to assist students who are at risk because of a high-failure avoidance orientation (tendency to maintain self-worth by avoiding failure). For high- (but not low) failure avoidance students, AR fostered an adaptive psychological mindset (course grade expectations, judgments of course responsibility) and better academic performance (course grade, grade point average). Findings suggest the utility of AR to offset the negative effects of a high-failure avoidance self-worth orientation.
A Multirate Field Construction Technique for Efficient Modeling of the Fields and Forces Within Inverter-Fed Induction Machines

In recent research, a field construction technique (FCT) was derived to enable more efficient evaluation of the magnetic fields and forces within induction machines. Using the FCT, the results of two finite-element (FE) solutions are used to establish basis functions for the flux densities in the airgap of the machine. The basis functions are then used to predict the magnetic fields and forces under arbitrary stator excitation. In this paper, a multirate FCT (MRFCT) is proposed to enable efficient FCT modeling of machines that are connected to power electronic converters. Within the MRFCT, the low- and high-frequency components of the stator current are partitioned. The partitioned currents are then used to calculate the flux density and forces at time steps commensurate with the respective low- and high-frequency dynamics. It is shown that applying the MRFCT, the forces and fields of a machine connected to a power electronic circuit can be obtained at a small fraction of the time required for a coupled FE/circuit model.
A Special Judo Fitness Test Classificatory Table

BackgroundJudoisveryphysiologicaldemandingsport,�buttherearenomanyphysicalfitnessspecifictests. �Oneofthemost� usedspecificjudotestsistheSpecialJudoFitnessTest�(SJFT)�proposedbySterkowicz�(1995). �Althoughthistest� hasbeenusedbymanycoachesindifferentcountriesnoclassificatorytablewasfoundtoclassifythejudoath- letesaccordingtotheirresults. �Thus,�theaimofthisworkwastopresentaclassificatorytableforthistest. �Material/Methods:� Forthispurpose�141�judoathletes�(mean�±standarddeviation:�21.3±4.5�years-old;�74.2±15.9�kgofbodymass� and�176.7±8.2�cmofheight;�judorankingbetween�3rdkyuand�3 rddan)�familiarizedwiththeSJFTperformedit� onceinordertoprovidedatatoestablishaclassificatorytable. � Results:� Aftertheanalysisofdatadistributionafivescaletable�(20%�foreachclassificatorycategory)�wasdevelopedcon- sideringthevariablesusedintheSJFT�(numberofthrows,�heartrateafterand�1�minafterthetestandindex). � Conclusions:� TheclassificatorytablecanhelpcoachesusingtheSJFTtoclassifytheirathletes'�levelandtomonitortheirphys- icalfitnessprogress.
Mapping Patterns of CpG Island Methylation in Normal and Neoplastic Cells Implicates Both Upstream and Downstream Regions inde Novo Methylation*

Promoter region CpG island methylation is associated with tumor suppressor gene silencing in neoplasia. GenBank sequence analyses revealed that a number of CpG islands are juxtaposed to multiple Alu repeats, which have been proposed as “de novo methylation centers. ” These islands also contain multiple Sp1 elements located upstream and downstream of transcription start, which have been shown to protect CpG islands from methylation. We mapped the methylation patterns of the E-cadherin(E-cad) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene CpG island regions in normal and neoplastic cells. Although unmethylated in normal tissue, these islands were embedded between densely methylated flanking regions containing multiple Alu repeats. These methylated flanks were segregated from the unmethylated, island CpG sites by Sp1-rich boundary regions. Finally, in human fibroblasts overexpressing DNA methyltransferase, de novomethylation of the E-cad CpG island initially involved sequences at both ends of the island and the adjacent, flanking regions and progressed with time to encompass the entire CpG island region. Together, these data suggest that boundaries exist at both ends of a CpG island to maintain the unmethylated state in normal tissue and that these boundaries may be progressively overridden, eliciting thede novo methylation associated with tumor suppressor gene silencing in neoplasia.
Circulating microRNAs as candidate markers to distinguish heart failure in breathless patients

Since their identification in the circulation, microRNAs have received considerable interest as putative biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. We have investigated the diagnostic utility of microRNAs in differentiating between patients with heart failure (HF) and non‐HF‐related breathlessness, and between HF with reduced (HF‐REF) and preserved (HF‐PEF) EF.
PRENATAL AND NEONATAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA IN DECIDUOUS TEETH IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PRETERM INFANTS

This study investigated possible prenatal and neonatal variables that may influence the prevalence of tooth enamel hypoplasia in preterm and low birth weight children (LBW) and a matched control group of term children with normal birth weight (NBW). The study sample consisted of 61 children born preterm and with LBW examined at 18-34 months of age. The control group was formed by 61 infants born full term and with NBW examined at 31-35 months of age. All children were born at the Center of Integrated Attention of Women's Health (CAISM-UNICAMP). FDI criteria were followed for dental examination. Medical data was collected retrospectively from hospital records. Among preterms, 57.4% had some type of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), 52.5 % had opacities and 21.3 % presented hypoplasia. Among full-term children, 24.6% presented DDE, 24.6% had opacities and 3.3% had hypoplasia. LBW preterm infants presented a higher prevalence of hypoplasia than NBW controls. The deciduous teeth most affected by hypoplasia were maxillary incisors. There was no significant association with prenatal variables; among neonatal variables there was a significant association with respiratory distress syndrome and neurological examination at discharge with an altered result.
Reduced Inhibition in an Animal Model of Cortical Dysplasia

Cortical dysplasia has a strong association with epilepsy in humans, but the underlying mechanisms for this are poorly understood.In utero irradiation of rats produces diffuse cortical dysplasia and neuronal heterotopia in the neocortex and hippocampus. Using in vitro neocortical slices, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from pyramidal neurons in dysplastic cortex and control neocortex. Spontaneous IPSCs were reduced in amplitude (35%) and frequency (70%) in pyramidal cells from dysplastic cortex. Miniature IPSCs were reduced in frequency (66%) in dysplastic cortex. Two additional measures of cortical inhibition, monosynaptic evoked IPSCs and paired pulse depression of evoked EPSCs, were also impaired in dysplastic cortex. Spontaneous EPSCs were increased in amplitude (42%) and frequency (77%) in dysplastic cortex, but miniature EPSCs were not different between the two groups. These data demonstrate significant physiological impairment in inhibitory synaptic transmission in experimental cortical dysplasia. This supports previous immunohistochemical findings in this model and observations in humans of a reduction in the density of inhibitory interneurons in dysplastic cortex.
Fairness Perceptions and Satisfaction with Components of Pay Satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate two streams of research and investigate the associations of different forms of justice perceptions on attitudinal reactions to four components of compensation: pay level, pay raises, benefits, and structure and administration In doing so, it responds to calls for more primary studies linking interactional justice perceptions to pay satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 151 technology professionals employed at an international consulting company were surveyed to investigate hypotheses. Structural equation modeling was used to test the model.Findings – As hypothesized, distributive justice was related to satisfaction with pay level, procedural justice to satisfaction with benefits, raises and pay structure and administration, and informational justice to pay level and structure and administration.Research limitations/implications – The primary limitations of this research are the cross‐sectional research design and a single source of survey .
Social Capital and Collective Memory: A Complex Relationship

The purpose of these analyses is to investigate collective memory, i.e. the shared historical experiences of a community, as driving force for contemporary social capital. Three societal characteristics are considered proxies for collective memory: the current institutional framework as indicator for present common experiences; the cultural attitudes as proxy for long‐term developments; and severe shocks in the history of the regions. The primary aim is thus to understand whether collective memory permits identification of not only the effects of recent (i.e. institutional) or distant (i.e. cultural) on‐going experiences, but also of the impact of such relevant shocks. For this purpose, a comprehensive case study is conducted within a cross‐border research area with special historical development, where it is possible to discriminate between these three indicators of collective memory. The findings suggest a significant impact of collective memory on social capital endowment. Particularly striking shocks are sustained in the collective memory of a community, influencing its behavior even long after the incident occurred. As a consequence, especially the levels of social trust and networking of the affected population are significantly influenced, such that the community develops protective measures in order to secure its norms, values and traditions. As a result, the social capital of a population is heavily influenced by events that occurred outside living memory.
Neurologic disorders incidence in HIV+ vs HIV− men

Objective: To study the incidence and pattern of neurologic disorders in a large cohort of HIV-positive men, compared with HIV-negative men, in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study is a prospective study of men who have sex with men enrolled in 4 cities in the United States. We compared HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men for incidence and category of neurologic diagnoses in the HAART era (July 1, 1996, to last known follow-up or death, on or before July 1, 2011). Results: There were 3,945 participants alive during the HAART era (2,083 HIV negative, 1,776 HIV positive, and 86 who became infected with HIV during the study period) including 3,427 who were older than 40 years of age. Median age at first neurologic diagnosis among all participants alive in the HAART era was lower in HAART-treated HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men (48 vs 57 years of age, p < 0.001). Incidence of neurologic diagnoses was higher in HAART-treated HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men (younger than 40 years: 11.4 vs 0 diagnoses per 1,000 person-years [p < 0.001]; 40–49 years: 11.6 vs 2.0 [p < 0.001]; 50–60 years: 15.1 vs 3.0 [p < 0.001]; older than 60 years: 17.0 vs 5.7 [p < 0.01]). Excess neurologic disease was found in the categories of nervous system infections (p < 0.001), dementia (p < 0.001), seizures/epilepsy (p < 0.01), and peripheral nervous system disorders (p < 0.001), but not stroke (p = 0.60). Conclusions: HIV-positive men receiving HAART have a higher burden of neurologic disease than HIV-negative men and develop neurologic disease at younger ages.
Evaluating the development and implementation of a profile-aware microtasking platform for crowdsourcing services

Crowdsourcing platforms have changed the assignment and completion of tasks from a known crowd to the anonymous crowd, which is the public. These crowdsourcing platforms allow organizations to focus on other tasks that need to be completed by a large crowd instead of the employees. However, many crowdsourcing platforms have not addressed challenges related to target audience with regards to task assignment, whereby the tasks are assigned to relevant people with appropriate core skills and qualifications. Our proposed microtasking platform from previous research is meant to address some of these challenges. This microtasking platform allows a micro-employer to design a task and assign it to be completed by a specific crowd of a specific skill and qualification. The purpose of this paper is thus to explore the proposed microtasking platform implementation, evaluating its task assignment improvements and task quality, as it was designed to improve the task assigning model and ensure better utilization of the crowd while preserving anonymity. The results obtained from this paper indicate the implementation concept from the proposed approach and revealed other shortcomings.
Alterations in upper airway cross-sectional area in response to lower body positive pressure in healthy subjects

Background: Fluid accumulation in the neck during recumbency might narrow the upper airway (UA) and thereby contribute to its collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It is hypothesised that acute fluid shifts from the legs to the upper body in healthy subjects would increase neck circumference and reduce the cross-sectional area of the UA (UA-XSA). Methods: In 27 healthy non-obese subjects of mean (SE) age 39 (3) years and body mass index 23.2 (0.6) kg/m2 studied while supine, leg fluid volume was measured using bioelectrical impedance, neck circumference using a mercury strain gauge and mean UA-XSA between the velum and the glottis using acoustic pharyngometry at end expiration. Measurements were made at baseline after which subjects were randomly assigned to a 5 min time control period or to a 5 min application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) at 40 mm Hg by anti-shock trousers, separated by a 15 min washout period. Subjects then crossed over to the opposite arm of the study. Results: Compared with control, application of LBPP significantly reduced leg fluid volume (p<0.001) and increased neck circumference (p<0.001), both at 1 min and 5 min, and reduced UA-XSA after both 1 min (−0.15 cm2; 95% CI −0.23 to −0.09, p<0.001) and 5 min (−0.20 cm2; 95% CI −0.33 to −0.09, p<0.001). Conclusion: In healthy subjects, displacement of fluid from the legs by LBPP causes distension of the neck and narrowing of the UA lumen. Fluid displacement from the lower to the upper body while recumbent may contribute to pharyngeal narrowing and obstruction to airflow in patients with OSA. This may have particular pathological significance in oedematous states such as heart and renal failure.
Classification of scale-free networks

While the emergence of a power-law degree distribution in complex networks is intriguing, the degree exponent is not universal. Here we show that the betweenness centrality displays a power-law distribution with an exponent η, which is robust, and use it to classify the scale-free networks. We have observed two universality classes with η ≈ 2.2(1) and 2.0, respectively. Real-world networks for the former are the protein-interaction networks, the metabolic networks for eukaryotes and bacteria, and the coauthorship network, and those for the latter one are the Internet, the World Wide Web, and the metabolic networks for Archaea. Distinct features of the mass-distance relation, generic topology of geodesics, and resilience under attack of the two classes are identified. Various model networks also belong to either of the two classes, while their degree exponents are tunable.
Pedagogy: Making Sense of the Complex Relationship Between Teaching and Learning

Abstract It is uncommon for an academic to be asked to review ideas developed in his own books (with a particular focus on Loughran, 2006, 2010; Loughran, Berry, & Mulhall, 2012). However, considering the focus of the journal, the editor was interested in pursuing the theme encapsulated in these works—the notion of pedagogy. As this review illustrates, pedagogy is a major construct in education that has been defined, interpreted and used in many ways in the educational literature. In much of the literature, pedagogy is portrayed as a synonym for teaching; something this article suggests is narrow and superficial. In this article, pedagogy is understood as being embedded in the relationship between teaching and learning. Therefore, how the teaching–learning relationship is understood, recognized and developed in the educational enterprise is important. Two examples of how the complexity of pedagogy plays out in practice become starkly evident when considering pedagogical content knowledge and a pedagogy of teacher education. As this article explains, through a deep and rich understanding of pedagogical content knowledge and a pedagogy of teacher education, our understanding of pedagogy is substantially enhanced. The article concludes that pedagogy needs to be conceptualized as rich, complex and sophisticated, and in so doing, highlights why it must be viewed as much more than a synonym for teaching.
Cutting Edge: The Common γ-Chain Is an Indispensable Subunit of the IL-21 Receptor Complex1

The common γ-chain (γc) is an indispensable subunit of the functional receptor complexes for IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 as well as IL-2. Here we show that the γc is also shared with the IL-21R complex. Although IL-21 binds to the IL-21R expressed on γc-deficient ED40515− cells, IL-21 is unable to transduce any intracytoplasmic signals. However, in EDγ-16 cells, a γc-transfected ED40515− cell line, IL-21 binds to the IL-21R and can activate Janus kinase (JAK)1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. The chemical cross-linking study reveals the direct binding of IL-21 to the γc. These data clearly demonstrate that the γc is an indispensable subunit of the functional IL-21R complex.
Robust People Tracking with Global Trajectory Optimization

Given three or four synchronized videos taken at eye level and from different angles, we show that we can effectively use dynamic programming to accurately follow up to six individuals across thousands of frames in spite of significant occlusions. In addition, we also derive metrically accurate trajectories for each one of them. Our main contribution is to show that multi-person tracking can be reliably achieved by processing individual trajectories separately over long sequences, provided that a reasonable heuristic is used to rank these individuals and avoid confusing them with one another. In this way, we achieve robustness by finding optimal trajectories over many frames while avoiding the combinatorial explosion that would result from simultaneously dealing with all the individuals.
Elasticity of the Pulmonary Alveolar Microvascular Sheet in the Cat

The pulmonary interalveolar capillary bed of the cat has previously been shown to be consistent with a sheet-like endothelium-lined space bridged by avascular endothelium-covered posts. This was termed the sheet-flow model, and blood flow through that space is termed sheet flow. The initial formulation of the sheet-flow theory and model required that sheet thickness be the independent variable. Sheet thickness (h) was measured in vertical and horizontal silicone-elastomer-perfused cat lungs over the transmural (alveolar-capillary) pressure (Δp) range of 6.3 to 27 cm H2O. A plot of h vs. Δp for 2753 individual measurements is linear over the measured pressure range. The regression line is described by h = 4.28 + 0.2191 Δp. Sheet thickness of 4.28 μ at zero pressure is an extrapolated value. The value 0.2191 μ/cm H2O is the compliance coefficient (α) of the pulmonary capillary bed. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated that the capillary posts have a highly organized internal structure with abundant collagen and an elastin or elastinlike core. Collagen fibers originate from the alveolar-capillary basement membrane, emerge in a herringbone pattern, and sweep toward the center of the post in a helical array around the elastinlike amorphous and fibrillar core. The unusual compliance of the microvascular blood vessels in the lung can be correlated with the architectural organization within the posts.
Multi-Region Neural Representation: A novel model for decoding visual stimuli in human brains

Multivariate Pattern (MVP) classification holds enormous potential for decoding visual stimuli in the human brain by employing task-based fMRI data sets. There is a wide range of challenges in the MVP techniques, i.e. decreasing noise and sparsity, defining effective regions of interest (ROIs), visualizing results, and the cost of brain studies. In overcoming these challenges, this paper proposes a novel model of neural representation, which can automatically detect the active regions for each visual stimulus and then utilize these anatomical regions for visualizing and analyzing the functional activities. Therefore, this model provides an opportunity for neuroscientists to ask this question: what is the effect of a stimulus on each of the detected regions instead of just study the fluctuation of voxels in the manually selected ROIs. Moreover, our method introduces analyzing snapshots of brain image for decreasing sparsity rather than using the whole of fMRI time series. Further, a new Gaussian smoothing method is proposed for removing noise of voxels in the level of ROIs. The proposed method enables us to combine different fMRI data sets for reducing the cost of brain studies. Experimental studies on 4 visual categories (words, consonants, objects and nonsense photos) confirm that the proposed method achieves superior performance to state-of-the-art methods.
Triple-negative breast cancer: is there a treatment on the horizon?

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancers, does not express estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) and lacks human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or amplification. These tumors have a more aggressive phenotype and a poorer prognosis due to the high propensity for metastatic progression and absence of specific targeted treatments. Patients with TNBC do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based targeted therapies because of the loss of target receptors. Although these patients respond to chemotherapeutic agents such as taxanes and anthracyclines better than other subtypes of breast cancer, prognosis remains poor. A group of targeted therapies under investigation showed favorable results in TNBC, especially in cancers with BRCA mutation. The lipid-lowering statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors), including lovastatin and simvastatin, have been shown to preferentially target TNBC compared with non-TNBC. These statins hold great promise for the management of TNBC. Only with the understanding of the molecular basis for the preference of statins for TNBC and more investigations in clinical trials can they be reformulated into a clinically approved drug against TNBC.