Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Buy Now, Pay Later: Family Communication Patterns Theory, Parental Financial Support, and Emerging Adults’ Openness about Credit Card Behaviors

Guided by family communication patterns (FCP) theory, the current study investigated the ways that family interaction contributes to emerging adults’ likelihood to discuss their credit card behaviors with their parents. Data from 188 emerging adults were analyzed. Results indicated that family conversation orientation and the interaction of family conversation and conformity orientation were significantly related to emerging adults’ openness about their credit card behaviors. Further, emerging adults who paid their own credit cards shared less with their parents about their credit card behaviors. Although not statistically significant, moderation analyses suggested that emerging adults who paid their own credit card bills were perhaps less influenced by FCPs regarding openness with their parent(s) about their credit card use than emerging adults whose parents paid their credit card bills. These findings add to the literature on family openness regarding credit card behaviors by examining this phenomenon through a FCP theory lens.
Selective expression of H-2 (i-region) loci controlling determinants on helper and suppressor T lymphocytes

Data presented here show that locidentify in the I-region of the H-2 gene complex are selectively expressed in different functional T-cell subpopulations. These loci are closely linked (or possibly identical) to loci that control immune responses. They control surface determinants which identify helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. Determinants described here on allotype suppressor T cells (Ts) are found on normal (nonsuppressed) lymphoid cells, but are not found on helper T cells (Th). These determinants are controlled by a locus mapping in the I region of the H-2 complex. In an accompanying publication we show that this locus (Ia-4) marks a new I subregion (I- J) and is expressed only on T cells. Thus Ia-4 determinants idenfity a T-cell subpopulation which includes Ts but not Th. Th also carry identifying surface determinants controlled by loci that map to the H-2 complex, probably within the I region. These determinants are not found on Ts. Data presented also establish that loci in the I region control determinants on Th, but do not conclusively demonstrate that these are the determinants that distinguish Th from Ts. The selective expression of H-2-controlled determinants on Ts and Th suggests that these determinants are directly involved in immunoregulation.
Towards a Code of Practice for Effective Communication With People With Dementing Illnesses

In this article, the authors highlight the need for a Code of Practice (CoP) to address the communicative needs of people with dementia and their formal and informal carers. The authors also detail a proposed CoP, as well as an innovative and inclusive consultation process through which the authors and other stakeholders will produce a complete final working version. The authors produced a three level framework for a proposed CoP. Level 1 is a statement of beliefs and principles underlying a person-centred and empowering approach to effective communication with people with dementia. Based on this, Level 2 consists of components of communication strategies and considerations for effective communication. The authors have produced three examples of level 2 components, and these are detailed here. Level 3 of the proposed CoP will consist of practical and individualized advice on actual communication with people at various stages of dementia. The authors also outline a regime for empirically testing the efficacy of the CoP in different contexts, and discuss implications for research and for communication practices in health care contexts.
How does morality work in the brain? A functional and structural perspective of moral behavior

Neural underpinnings of morality are not yet well understood. Researchers in moral neuroscience have tried to find specific structures and processes that shed light on how morality works. Here, we review the main brain areas that have been associated with morality at both structural and functional levels and speculate about how it can be studied. Orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortices are implicated in emotionally-driven moral decisions, while dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appears to moderate its response. These competing processes may be mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex. Parietal and temporal structures play important roles in the attribution of others' beliefs and intentions. The insular cortex is engaged during empathic processes. Other regions seem to play a more complementary role in morality. Morality is supported not by a single brain circuitry or structure, but by several circuits overlapping with other complex processes. The identification of the core features of morality and moral-related processes is needed. Neuroscience can provide meaningful insights in order to delineate the boundaries of morality in conjunction with moral psychology.
Catholicism Versus Laicism: Culture Wars and the Making of Catholic National Identity in Spain, 1898–1931

This article will argue that the ‘nationalization’ of the struggle between clericalism and anti-clericalism in Spain, which began during the revolutionary interlude of the ‘six years of democracy’ (1868–74), reached a climax during the first third of the twentieth century. Despite the variety of different political cultures which developed during the period, the main confrontation was between two great and mutually incompatible visions of the nation, which can be defined as adversarial nationalisms.
Children and ADHD: seeking control within the constraints of diagnosis

The views of children diagnosed with ADHD have, until recently, largely been neglected in research, policy and practice. This article focuses on qualitative research which explored children's lived experience, drawing attention to the ways that they actively ‘take’ responsibility for managing their physical, psychological and emotional well-being within the constraints of a medical diagnosis. The neglect of a tradition which asks children about their own experiences of ADHD is crucially bound up with children's low social and political status in UK society and notions of competency and responsibility in relation to ADHD.
Serotypes, Clones, and Mechanisms of Resistance of Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Collected in Spain

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the distributions of antibiotic susceptibility patterns, serotypes, phenotypes, genotypes, and macrolide resistance genes among 125 nonduplicated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates collected in a Spanish point prevalence study. The prevalence of resistance to macrolides in this study was 34.7%. Multiresistance (to three or more antimicrobials) was observed in 81.6% of these strains. Among 15 antimicrobials studied, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, telithromycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were the most active drugs. The most frequent serotypes of erythromycin-resistant isolates were 19F (25%), 19A (17%), 6B (12%), 14 (10%), and 23F (10%). Of the 125 strains, 109 (87.2%) showed the MLSB phenotype [103 had the erm(B) gene and 6 had both erm(B) and mef(E) genes]. Sixteen (12.8%) strains showed the M phenotype [14 with mef(E) and 2 with mef(A)]. All isolates were tested by PCR for the presence of the int, xis, tnpR, and tnpA genes associated with conjugative transposons (Tn916 family and Tn917). Positive detection of erm(B), tet(M), int, and xis genes related to the Tn916 family was found in 77.1% of MLSB phenotype strains. In 16 strains, only the tndX, erm(B), and tet(M) genes were detected, suggesting the presence of Tn1116, a transposon recently described for Streptococcus pyogenes. Five clones, namely, Sweden15A-25, clone19F ST87, Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, and clone19A ST276, accounted for half of the MLSB strains. In conclusion, the majority of erythromycin-resistant pneumococci isolated in Spain had the MLSB phenotype, belonged to multiresistant international clones, and carried the erm(B), tet(M), xis, and int genes, suggesting the spread of transposons of the Tn916 family.
Immunohistochemical overexpression of p16 protein associated with intact retinoblastoma protein expression in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Both p16 and retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins are important tumor supprsssors that regulate the cell cycle. The status of both proteins In lnvasive cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelias neopiasis (CIN) has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of p16 and Rb proteins by immunohlstochemistry using 98 formalln‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded samples of various cervical neoplastic lesions. Strong immunoreactiyity for the p16 protein was observed in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of all CIN and lnvasive cancer cases except several low‐grade CIN lesions. Expression of Rb protein was also demonatrated In the scattered nuclel of neoplastic and normal cells in all cases Investigated. The results suggest that the deletion or mutational inactivity of both p16 and Rb proteins may be a rare event In cervical carcinogenesls. Moreover, overexpression of the p16 protein may be a useful dlagnostic marker for cervical neoplastic lesions on routine laboratory screening.
Finding hierarchical heavy hitters in streaming data

Data items that arrive online as streams typically have attributes which take values from one or more hierarchies (time and geographic location, source and destination IP addresses, etc.). Providing an aggregate view of such data is important for summarization, visualization, and analysis. We develop an aggregate view based on certain organized sets of large-valued regions (“heavy hitters”) corresponding to hierarchically discounted frequency counts. We formally define the notion of hierarchical heavy hitters (HHHs). We first consider computing (approximate) HHHs over a data stream drawn from a single hierarchical attribute. We formalize the problem and give deterministic algorithms to find them in a single pass over the input. In order to analyze a wider range of realistic data streams (e.g., from IP traffic-monitoring applications), we generalize this problem to multiple dimensions. Here, the semantics of HHHs are more complex, since a “child” node can have multiple “parent” nodes. We present online algorithms that find approximate HHHs in one pass, with provable accuracy guarantees. The product of hierarchical dimensions forms a mathematical lattice structure. Our algorithms exploit this structure, and so are able to track approximate HHHs using only a small, fixed number of statistics per stored item, regardless of the number of dimensions. We show experimentally, using real data, that our proposed algorithms yields outputs which are very similar (virtually identical, in many cases) to offline computations of the exact solutions, whereas straightforward heavy-hitters-based approaches give significantly inferior answer quality. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms result in an order of magnitude savings in data structure size while performing competitively.
The Production System's Formulation of Relative Clause Structures: Evidence From Polish

In this study, we focused on the formulation of relative clauses with preposition and genitive pied-piping. Thirty child (5;9 to 8;4) and 30 adult Polish speakers were given an elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task. Almost all of the children accepted preposition pied-piping, but only half of them produced it. We suggest that the difficulty for the sentence formulator has to do with properties of the structure. We also consider why the structure seems easier to produce in Polish than in some other languages and suggest that a second type of difficulty, which does not occur in Polish, stems from the use of the complementizer as a relative marker. The children did not correctly produce any relativized genitives and accepted them only around half of the time. We claim that case marking complicates the formulation of the genitive construction and that the marginal possibility of genitive stranding delays the acquisition of genitive pied-piping for reasons relating to economy.
Medical big data: promise and challenges

The concept of big data, commonly characterized by volume, variety, velocity, and veracity, goes far beyond the data type and includes the aspects of data analysis, such as hypothesis-generating, rather than hypothesis-testing. Big data focuses on temporal stability of the association, rather than on causal relationship and underlying probability distribution assumptions are frequently not required. Medical big data as material to be analyzed has various features that are not only distinct from big data of other disciplines, but also distinct from traditional clinical epidemiology. Big data technology has many areas of application in healthcare, such as predictive modeling and clinical decision support, disease or safety surveillance, public health, and research. Big data analytics frequently exploits analytic methods developed in data mining, including classification, clustering, and regression. Medical big data analyses are complicated by many technical issues, such as missing values, curse of dimensionality, and bias control, and share the inherent limitations of observation study, namely the inability to test causality resulting from residual confounding and reverse causation. Recently, propensity score analysis and instrumental variable analysis have been introduced to overcome these limitations, and they have accomplished a great deal. Many challenges, such as the absence of evidence of practical benefits of big data, methodological issues including legal and ethical issues, and clinical integration and utility issues, must be overcome to realize the promise of medical big data as the fuel of a continuous learning healthcare system that will improve patient outcome and reduce waste in areas including nephrology.
The effect of calcium on acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals

The method of external focal recording from the neuromuscular junction has been used to locate the site of action of calcium ions in the transmission process. The muscle is placed in a calcium-deficient medium (which contains magnesium as a substitute), and the effect of localized calcium application from the recording micropipette is studied. Electrophoretic application of calcium is followed within less than 1 s by increased terminal release of acetylcholine, shown by a large increase in the number of quantal components of the end-plate potential. This effect is observed even under conditions when the terminal axon spike diminishes in size during the application of calcium. It is concluded that the action of calcium is concerned directly with the release of the transmitter, and not indirectly—as is sometimes suggested—by facilitating propagation or increasing the amplitude of the terminal nerve spike.
Complaint behavior intentions and expectation of service recovery in individualistic and collectivistic cultures

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate whether complaint behavior intentions and expectations of service recovery based on the justice theory are different among customers from collectivistic versus individualistic cultures. A secondary purpose is to find which service recovery strategies are appropriate for different culture-based complaint behavior intentions. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted at universities, and the survey population consisted of college students, who are known to be frequent users of fast-food restaurants. A total of 304 usable questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity of the items, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to examine the internal consistency of the factors, and an independent sample t-test was used to analyze differences in complaint behavior intentions and expectations of service recovery efforts in terms of cultural difference. Findings – The results of this study indicated that.
Target Tracking Using Machine Learning and Kalman Filter in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper describes an original method for target tracking in wireless sensor networks. The proposed method combines machine learning with a Kalman filter to estimate instantaneous positions of a moving target. The target's accelerations, along with information from the network, are used to obtain an accurate estimation of its position. To this end, radio-fingerprints of received signal strength indicators (RSSIs) are first collected over the surveillance area. The obtained database is then used with machine learning algorithms to compute a model that estimates the position of the target using only RSSI information. This model leads to a first position estimate of the target under investigation. The kernel-based ridge regression and the vector-output regularized least squares are used in the learning process. The Kalman filter is used afterward to combine predictions of the target's positions based on acceleration information with the first estimates, leading to more accurate ones. The performance of the method is studied for different scenarios and a thorough comparison with well-known algorithms is also provided.
Organochlorine Exposure and Incidence of Diabetes in a Cohort of Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumers

Background Studies have demonstrated ubiquitous human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as p,p′-diphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Although there is considerable evidence that POP exposures are associated with prevalent diabetes, these studies do not establish causality because the cross-sectional study design does not allow for assessment of temporality of the exposure–disease association. Prospective studies, however, have been lacking. Objectives This study was designed to determine whether POP body burdens are related to incidence of diabetes in a cohort of Great Lakes sport fish consumers. Methods The cohort was established in the early 1990s and followed through 2005. We tested serum for DDE and PCB congeners and assessed diabetes diagnosis, demographics, and fish consumption. Associations of diabetes with exposures were examined prospectively in participants without diabetes in 1994–1995, followed through 2005. Annual percent changes in DDE and PCB-132/153 from 1994 to 2005 were examined by diabetes status. Results DDE exposure was associated with incident diabetes. Incident diabetes was not associated with mono-ortho PCB-118, total PCBs, or years of sport fish consumption. Annual percent change in DDE and PCB-132/153 did not differ significantly by diabetes status. Conclusions This study demonstrates an association between DDE exposure and incident diabetes. The findings of an association of DDE with incident diabetes and the lack of effect of diabetes on annual percent change in POPs do not support the hypothesis that associations of POPs with diabetes are attributable to reverse causality. Additional studies should address the biological pathways by which DDE could affect glucose homeostasis.
Enhanced Functional Coupling of Hippocampal Sub-regions in Congenitally and Late Blind Subjects

The hippocampus has exhibited navigation-related changes in volume and activity after visual deprivation; however, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes of the hippocampus in the blind remains unknown. In this study, we focused on sub-region-specific rsFC changes of the hippocampus and their association with the onset age of blindness. The rsFC patterns of the hippocampal sub-regions (head, body and tail) were compared among 20 congenitally blind (CB), 42 late blind (LB), and 50 sighted controls (SC). Compared with the SC, both the CB and the LB showed increased hippocampal rsFCs with the posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, parieto-occpital sulcus, middle occipito-temporal conjunction, inferior temporal gyrus, orbital frontal cortex, and middle frontal gyrus. In the blind subjects, the hippocampal tail had more extensive rsFC changes than the anterior hippocampus (body and head). The CB and the LB had similar changes in hippocampal rsFC. These altered rsFCs of the hippocampal sub-regions were neither correlated with onset age in the LB nor the duration of blindness in CB or LB subjects. The increased coupling of the hippocampal intrinsic functional network may reflect enhanced loading of the hippocampal-related networks for non-visual memory processing. Furthermore, the similar changes of hippocampal rsFCs between the CB and the LB suggests an experience-dependent rather than a developmental-dependent plasticity of the hippocampal intrinsic functional network.
Beyond Permanence? The Importance of Resilience in Child Placement Practice and Planning

Permanence has long been regarded as a key element in child placement planning and practice. While upholding its benefits, Robbie Gilligan argues that reliance on permanence as a guiding framework has gone too far. Instead he advocates a shift towards a resilience-based perspective which embraces the positive aspects of the permanence framework but more accurately reflects the complexity of child care problems and needs.
Walking the interactome for candidate prioritization in exome sequencing studies of Mendelian diseases

Motivation: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has opened up previously unheard of possibilities for identifying novel disease genes in Mendelian disorders, only about half of which have been elucidated to date. However, interpretation of WES data remains challenging. Results: Here, we analyze protein–protein association (PPA) networks to identify candidate genes in the vicinity of genes previously implicated in a disease. The analysis, using a random-walk with restart (RWR) method, is adapted to the setting of WES by developing a composite variant-gene relevance score based on the rarity, location and predicted pathogenicity of variants and the RWR evaluation of genes harboring the variants. Benchmarking using known disease variants from 88 disease-gene families reveals that the correct gene is ranked among the top 10 candidates in ≥50% of cases, a figure which we confirmed using a prospective study of disease genes identified in 2012 and PPA data produced before that date. We implement our method in a freely available Web server, ExomeWalker, that displays a ranked list of candidates together with information on PPAs, frequency and predicted pathogenicity of the variants to allow quick and effective searches for candidates that are likely to reward closer investigation. Availability and implementation: http://compbio.charite.de/ExomeWalker Contact: peter.robinson@charite.de
Robust adaptive self-structuring fuzzy control design for nonaffine, nonlinear systems

In this article, a robust adaptive self-structuring fuzzy control (RASFC) scheme for the uncertain or ill-defined nonlinear, nonaffine systems is proposed. The RASFC scheme is composed of a robust adaptive controller and a self-structuring fuzzy controller. In the self-structuring fuzzy controller design, a novel self-structuring fuzzy system (SFS) is used to approximate the unknown plant nonlinearity, and the SFS can automatically grow and prune fuzzy rules to realise a compact fuzzy rule base. The robust adaptive controller is designed to achieve an L 2 tracking performance to stabilise the closed-loop system. This L 2 tracking performance can provide a clear expression of tracking error in terms of the sum of lumped uncertainty and external disturbance, which has not been shown in previous works. Finally, five examples are presented to show that the proposed RASFC scheme can achieve favourable tracking performance, yet heavy computational burden is relieved.