Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex-negotiation strategies and safer-sex practices among married women in South-western Nigeria

Adverse reproductive health outcomes such as unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are significant reproductive-health challenges of contemporary Nigerian women. Available statistics indicate that only 31% of currently married Nigerian women consistently use a modern family planning method. This study examined the strategies used by married women in negotiating sex with their partners, with the underlying hypothesis that safer sex practices are related to women's sex negotiation skills. Study participants were 167 married women selected by convenience sampling from two towns in Osun State, Nigeria. A self-report questionnaire was administered on participants to collect information on their practice of safe sex as well as strategies used to negotiate sex with partners. Findings from descriptive analysis of data revealed that only 32% of women had the ability to comfortably discuss sexual matters with their husbands. The most widely used strategy for negotiating safer sex was bargaining, followed by disengagement and begging. It was also found that safer-sex practices by women were not significantly related to their sex negotiation skills. The findings bring into focus the need to understand women's patterns of sex negotiation before their exposure to interventions aimed at addressing their sexual and reproductive health challenges.
Arsenic Adsorption onto Minerals: Connecting Experimental Observations with Density Functional Theory Calculations

A review of the literature about calculating the adsorption properties of arsenic onto mineral models using density functional theory (DFT) is presented. Furthermore, this work presents DFT results that show the effect of model charge, hydration, oxidation state, and DFT method on the structures and adsorption energies for AsIII and AsV onto Fe3+-(oxyhydr)oxide cluster models. Calculated interatomic distances from periodic planewave and cluster-model DFT are compared with experimental data for AsIII and AsV adsorbed to Fe3+-(oxyhydr)oxide models. In addition, reaction rates for the adsorption of AsV on α-FeOOH (goethite) (010) and Fe3+ (oxyhydr)oxide cluster models were calculated using planewave and cluster-model DFT methods.
Determination of Antibiotic Efficacy against Bacillus anthracis in a Mouse Aerosol Challenge Model

ABSTRACT An anthrax spore aerosol infection mouse model was developed as a first test of in vivo efficacy of antibiotics identified as active against Bacillus anthracis. Whole-body, 50% lethal dose (LD50) aerosol challenge doses in a range of 1.9 × 103 to 3.4 × 104 CFU with spores of the fully virulent Ames strain were established for three inbred and one outbred mouse strain (A/J, BALB/c, C57BL, and Swiss Webster). The BALB/c strain was further developed as a model for antibiotic efficacy. Time course microbiological examinations of tissue burdens in mice after challenge showed that spores could remain dormant in the lungs while vegetative cells disseminated to the mediastinal lymph nodes and then to the spleen, accompanied by bacteremia. For antibiotic efficacy studies, BALB/c mice were challenged with 50 to 100 LD50 of spores followed by intraperitoneal injection of either ciprofloxacin at 30 mg/kg of body weight (every 12 h [q12h]) or doxycycline at 40 mg/kg (q6h). A control group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) q6h. Treatment was begun 24 h after challenge with groups of 10 mice for 14 or 21 days. The PBS-treated control mice all succumbed (10/10) to inhalation anthrax infection within 72 h. Sixty-day survival rates for ciprofloxacin and doxycycline-treated groups were 8/10 and 9/10, respectively, for 14-day treatment and 10/10 and 7/10 for 21-day treatment. Delayed treatment with ciprofloxacin initiated 36 and 48 h postexposure resulted in 80% survival and was statistically no different than early (24 h) postexposure treatment. Results using this mouse model correlate closely with clinical observations of inhalational anthrax in humans and with earlier antibiotic studies in the nonhuman primate inhalational anthrax model.
Child Care for Low-Income Children with Disabilities: Access, Quality, and Parental Satisfaction

Using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project, this study analyzed the similarities and differences of variables associated with child care services for low-income families with young children with disabilities and low-income families with typically developing children. Four major variables were analyzed: access to child care; maternal participation in self-sufficiency activities, such as work or education; quality of care; and parental satisfaction with care. Rates of child care utilization and maternal self sufficiency activities were similar for both groups. At age 3, however, children with disabilities received care of lower quality than their typically developing peers, and their parents were less satisfied with the child care arrangements. Policy and research implications, stressing the importance of improving child care quality for low-income children with disabilities across all types of settings, are presented.
Unique and Interactive Effects of Empathy and Social Status on Involvement in Bullying

This study investigated the relationships between affective and cognitive empathy, social preference and perceived popularity, and involvement in bullying situations by bullying others or defending the victimized children. The participants were 266 primary and 195 secondary school students. Affective and cognitive empathy, as well as the status variables, had some significant main effects on involvement in bullying. In addition, several interaction effects emerged. For instance, the positive association between affective empathy and defending behavior was stronger among boys who had a high status (i.e., were highly preferred) in the group. The results highlight the importance of studying child-by-environment models, which take into account both child characteristics and interpersonal variables in predicting social adjustment.
BT-Nets: Simplifying Deep Neural Networks via Block Term Decomposition

Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been regarded as the state-of-the-art classification methods in a wide range of applications, especially in image classification. Despite the success, the huge number of parameters blocks its deployment to situations with light computing resources. Researchers resort to the redundancy in the weights of DNNs and attempt to find how fewer parameters can be chosen while preserving the accuracy at the same time. Although several promising results have been shown along this research line, most existing methods either fail to significantly compress a well-trained deep network or require a heavy fine-tuning process for the compressed network to regain the original performance. In this paper, we propose the \textit{Block Term} networks (BT-nets) in which the commonly used fully-connected layers (FC-layers) are replaced with block term layers (BT-layers). In BT-layers, the inputs and the outputs are reshaped into two low-dimensional high-order tensors, then block-term decomposition is applied as tensor operators to connect them. We conduct extensive experiments on benchmark datasets to demonstrate that BT-layers can achieve a very large compression ratio on the number of parameters while preserving the representation power of the original FC-layers as much as possible. Specifically, we can get a higher performance while requiring fewer parameters compared with the tensor train method.
Protein Kinase C &egr;–Src Modules Direct Signal Transduction in Nitric Oxide–Induced Cardioprotection: Complex Formation as a Means for Cardioprotective Signaling

Abstract— Anessential role for protein kinase C &egr; (PKC&egr;) has been shown inmultiple forms of cardioprotection; however, there is a distinct paucity ofinformation concerning the signaling architecture that is responsible for themanifestation of a protective phenotype. We and others have recently shownthat signal transduction may proceed via the formation of signaling complexes(Circ Res. 2001;88:59–62). Inorder to understand if the assembly of multiprotein complexes is the manner bywhich signaling is conducted in cardioprotection, we designed a series ofexperiments to characterize the associations of Src tyrosine kinase withPKC&egr; in a conscious rabbit model of nitric oxide (NO)-induced latepreconditioning. Our data demonstrate that PKC&egr; and Src can formfunctional signaling modules in vitro: PKC&egr; interacts with Src; theassociation with PKC&egr; activates Src; and adult cardiac cells receivingrecombinant adenoviruses encoding PKC&egr; exhibit increased Src activity.Furthermore, our results show that NO-induced late preconditioning involvedPKC&egr;-Src module formation and enhanced the enzymatic activity ofPKC&egr;-associated Src. Inhibition of PKC blocked cardioprotection, moduleformation, and PKC&egr;-associated Src activity, providing direct evidence fora functional role of the PKC&egr;-Src module in the orchestration ofNO-induced cardioprotection in consciousrabbits.
A staging approach to measuring patient‐centred subjective outcomes *

Introduction: In assessing clinical change, measurement is often based on psychometric scales. However, change is best revealed within the constellation of problems salient to the patient, rather than in alterations in the abstract constructs, psychometrically measured. These patients' problems often serially unfold in qualitative stages, even before the full‐blown disorder emerges. These qualitative stages constitute the natural history extending from early to late, fluctuating from mild to severe, and progressing from full‐blown disorder to recovery.
An error resilience method for depth in stereoscopic 3D video

Error resilience stereoscopic 3D video can ensure robust 3D video communication especially in high error rate wireless channel. In this paper, an error resilience method is proposed for the depth data of the stereoscopic 3D video using data partitioning. Although data partitioning method is available for 2D video, its extension to depth information has not been investigated in the context of stereoscopic 3D video. Simulation results show that the depth data is less sensitive to error and should be partitioned towards the end of the data partitions block. The partitioned depth data is then applied to an error resilience method namely multiple description coding (MDC) to code the 2D video and the depth information. Simulation results show improved performance using the proposed depth partitioning on MDC compared to the original MDC in an error prone environment.
Validation of Orthopedic Postoperative Pain Assessment Methods for Dogs: A Prospective, Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

In the context of translational research, there is growing interest in studying surgical orthopedic pain management approaches that are common to humans and dogs. The validity of postoperative pain assessment methods is uncertain with regards to responsiveness and the potential interference of analgesia. The hypothesis was that video analysis (as a reference), electrodermal activity, and two subjective pain scales (VAS and 4A-VET) would detect different levels of pain intensity in dogs after a standardized trochleoplasty procedure. In this prospective, blinded, randomized study, postoperative pain was assessed in 25 healthy dogs during a 48-hour time frame (T). Pain was managed with placebo (Group 1, n = 10), preemptive and multimodal analgesia (Group 2, n = 5), or preemptive analgesia consisting in oral tramadol (Group 3, n = 10). Changes over time among groups were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Multivariate regression tested the significance of relationships between pain scales and video analysis. Video analysis identified that one orthopedic behavior, namely ‘Walking with full weight bearing’ of the operated leg, decreased more in Group 1 at T24 (indicative of pain), whereas three behaviors indicative of sedation decreased in Group 2 at T24 (all p<0.004). Electrodermal activity was higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3 until T1 (p<0.0003). The VAS was not responsive. 4A-VET showed divergent results as its orthopedic component (4A-VETleg) detected lower pain in Group 2 until T12 (p<0.0009), but its interactive component (4A-VETbeh) was increased in Group 2 from T12 to T48 (p<0.001). Concurrent validity established that 4A-VETleg scores the painful orthopedic condition accurately and that pain assessment through 4A-VETbeh and VAS was severely biased by the sedative side-effect of the analgesics. Finally, the video analysis offered a concise template for assessment in dogs with acute orthopedic pain. However, subjective pain quantification methods and electrodermal activity need further investigation.
Time-optimal visibility-related algorithms of meshes with multiple broadcasting

Given a sequence of objects in the plane along with a viewpoint O, the visibility problem involves determining the portion of each object that is visible to an observer positioned at O. The main contribution of this work is to provide time-optimal solutions to this problem for two classes of objects, namely disks and iso-oriented rectangles in the plane. This problem is of importance in various fields like computer graphics, VLSI design, and robot navigation. Additionally, the visibility algorithm provides the basis for a time-optimal algorithm to triangulate a set of points in the plane. Specifically, all algorithms presented involve an input of size n and run in O(log n) time on a mesh with multiple broadcasting of site n/spl times/n. This is the first instance of time-optimal solutions for these problems on this architecture. <<ETX>>
The impact of choice on fairness in the context of service recovery

Purpose – The paper proposes introducing a new antecedent to service recovery – that is customers' choice over some components of the service delivery process. The authors also examined the interactive effects of tangible compensation and apology on perceived fairness in a context of restaurant services.Design/methodology/approach – A 2 (choice) × 2 (compensation) × 2 (apology) between‐subjects design was used to test the hypotheses. Subjects were exposed to a written scenario describing a restaurant experience. A total of 280 undergraduate students served as the subject pool.Findings – The study results indicate that choice, compensation and apology jointly influence customers' perceptions of informational fairness. The combined effects of apology and compensation were observed for interactional fairness, whereas only main effects were found for distributive justice. Finally, the findings suggest that the four facets of justice (distributive, procedural, interactive, and informational) are highly linked .
THE INTERNET AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF CHINESE SOCIETY

ABSTRACT Research on the Internet in China typically focuses on questions of censorship, the blocking of websites, the democratizing effects of the medium, and the use of the Internet by dissident groups. In much of this research, a deterministic view of technology prevails: the inherent features of the Internet such as ubiquitous access and the fact that “everybody can easily become his or her own publisher and participate in many-to-many communications” are assumed to be leading automatically to specific societal and political developments. These developments are seen as taking place along a fixed line only dependent on technological innovations, a characteristic of an earlier view of modernization that was also found in Marxist and Leninist perspectives.1 This simplistic view is inadequate for two reasons. First, it portrays the Chinese Internet user as fundamentally different from his/her Western counterpart. Second, it ignores the rise of urban and consumerist lifestyles, which have changed Chinese society during recent decades and resulted in less interest in conventional politics, more fragmentation, and a stronger focus on identity politics. 1. See also Taylor 1999, 12, 14, 24.
CONTINUOUS REVIEW CYCLIC INVENTORY MODELS WITH EMERGENCY ORDER

Many kinds of reorder point - reorder quantity policies with an emergency order, in which we can decide when the expedited order point is reached and then we place an expedited replenishment order, have been presented in earlier contributions. Very few studies on cyclic inventory control with an emergency order, however, have been reported. The purpose of this paper is to establish some analytical results on the continuous review cyclic inventory policy with two kinds of lead times. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the optimal ordering time which minimizes the long-run average or the expected total discounted costs. Also, we give explicit formulae of the expected costs by specifying demand processes. Poisson and Brownian motion processes are assumed as the demand processes. Finally, we numerically calculate the optimal ordering time and the optimal order quantity, and refer to t.he sensitivity of model parameters for the optimal policy.
Embolization is essential in the treatment of leg varicosities due to pelvic venous insufficiency

Purpose Pelvic venous insuffiency (PVI) can be responsible for pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) and also lower limb varicose veins. Material and methods Charts of all women who had pelvic venography for PVI from September 2013 to August 2014 were reviewed. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia through left femoral approach. In case of reflux without associated obstructive lesions, embolization with coils and polidocanol foam was performed during the same procedure. Results 119 women, with median age 39 years were explored (86 with PCS and 102 with lower limb venous disease). Of these, 78 had an isolated reflux and were embolized and 41 had an obstructive disease (29 iliocaval obstructive lesions (ICOL), 4 nutcracker syndrome (NCS), and 8 with an association of both). Median follow-up was 4 months. Of the 12 NCS, 5 had surgical treatment and 7 had stenting of the left iliac vein without embolization. All patients with ICOL without NCS were treated by stenting in 28 and by a Palma procedure in 1 (failure to recanalize). Primary and secondary patency rates were 97% at 12 months. Embolization led to improvement of PCS in 91% (60% without any pain) and of lower limb varicose veins in 51% by itself. If 82% need an additional treatment of lower limb varicose veins, embolization allowed a switch of strategy from surgery to sclerosis. Conclusion PVI can cause lower limb symptoms. In most cases, it is due to reflux and can be treated under local anesthesia by embolization. This technique is safe and efficient. Obstructive lesions must be recognized and treated.
A Labor Capital Asset Pricing Model

We show that labor search frictions are an important determinant of the cross-section of equity returns. In the data, sorting firms by loadings on labor market tightness, the key statistic of search models, generates a spread in future returns of 6% annually. We propose a partial equilibrium labor market model in which heterogeneous firms make optimal employment decisions under labor search frictions. In the model, loadings on labor market tightness proxy for priced time variation in the efficiency of the matching technology. Firms with low loadings are not hedged against adverse matching efficiency shocks and require higher expected stock returns.
MODEL ATMOSPHERES FOR MASSIVE GAS GIANTS WITH THICK CLOUDS: APPLICATION TO THE HR 8799 PLANETS AND PREDICTIONS FOR FUTURE DETECTIONS

We have generated an extensive new suite of massive giant planet atmosphere models and used it to obtain fits to photometric data for the planets HR 8799b, c, and d. We consider a wide range of cloudy and cloud-free models. The cloudy models incorporate different geometrical and optical thicknesses, modal particle sizes, and metallicities. For each planet and set of cloud parameters, we explore grids in gravity and effective temperature, with which we determine constraints on the planet's mass and age. Our new models yield statistically significant fits to the data, and conclusively confirm that the HR 8799 planets have much thicker clouds than those required to explain data for typical L and T dwarfs. Both models with (1) physically thick forsterite clouds and a 60 μm modal particle size and (2) clouds made of 1 μm sized pure iron droplets and 1% supersaturation fit the data. Current data are insufficient to accurately constrain the microscopic cloud properties, such as composition and particle size. The range of best-estimated masses for HR 8799b, HR 8799c, and HR 8799d conservatively span 2–12 MJ, 6–13 MJ, and 3–11 MJ, respectively, and imply coeval ages between ∼10 and ∼150 Myr, consistent with previously reported stellar ages. The best-fit temperatures and gravities are slightly lower than values obtained by Currie et al. using even thicker cloud models. Finally, we use these models to predict the near-to-mid-IR colors of soon-to-be imaged planets. Our models predict that planet-mass objects follow a locus in some near-to-mid-IR color–magnitude diagrams that is clearly separable from the standard L/T dwarf locus for field brown dwarfs.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Salmonella typhi Vi antigen in urine from typhoid patients

Because typhoid fever continues to be a major cause of illness in many developing countries, there is a clear need for a sensitive and specific test that will permit rapid laboratory diagnosis of the disease. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has recently been developed and tested, both in the laboratory and in a clinical situation, for its ability to detect Vi antigen in urine. The ELISA was capable of detecting as little as 1 ng of purified Vi antigen per ml in urine, compared with 100 ng/ml detectable by a previously tested coagglutination method. It could also detect antigen in urine diluted as much as 1:1,024 in normal urine. In tests of urine specimens from six stool culture-positive persons in a small typhoid outbreak in the United States, the ELISA detected antigen in specimens from four of the six patients. The ELISA also proved to be specific, giving no false-positive results for specimens from 50 persons who did not have typhoid fever. The apparent high sensitivity and specificity of this ELISA make it a promising test for rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever.
A radioimmunoassay for the determination of angiotensin II in elasmobranch fish.

A homologous radioimmunoassay was developed to determine the concentration of angiotensin II (Asn1, Pro3, Ile5)-Ang II) in elasmobranchs. Cross-reactivity with elasmobranch angiotensin I and other heterologous angiotensins was high and therefore all potentially cross-reacting angiotensins were separated by high performance liquid chromatography after prior extraction with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. The validity of the assay for the determination of elasmobranch Ang II was demonstrated by parallelism with a series of Ang II standards with serially diluted elasmobranch plasma extracts. Overall recovery of elasmobranch Ang II added to a plasma pool was 75.1 +/- 5.2%. Plasma Ang II concentrations measured by our RIA were similar in fish adapted to 70, 100, or 120% SW at 139 +/- 20.1, 109 +/- 15.3, and 119 +/- 16.3 fmol . ml-1, respectively.