Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binocular Vision Changes in University Students: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in accommodation and binocular vision parameters during a period of 3 years and to evaluate their potential influence on the refractive changes observed over the same period of time in a population of university students in Portugal. Methods. A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted comprising 118 young adults (34 males and 84 females; mean age: 20.6 ± 2.3 years). Examinations consisted of subjective refraction, dissociated phoria and vergences at distance and near vision, accommodative convergence/accommodative ratio, lag of accommodation, and the negative and positive relative accommodation. Results. There were statistically significant differences between the first (2002) and the second examination (2005) relative to distance and near phoria, and break and recovery points for the base-in and base-out at distance vision. Statistically significant differences were also obtained for the blur and break points for the base-out, and for break and recovery points for the base-in at near vision. As regards accommodation parameters, we verified a statistically significant difference for all parameters measured. Comparing the baseline values of patients who suffered a myopic shift ≥0.50 D with those from patients who did not experience such a shift, we observed a statistically significant difference for the break value of the base-in at distance vision (equal to 12.2 ± 3.6 for the group without refractive error alteration and 15.8 ± 6.8 for the other group) and for the break value of the base-in at near vision (equal to 22.4 ± 5.2 and 24.8 ± 5.5 for the group without refractive error alteration and for the other group, respectively). Conclusions. We observed significant changes in near heterophoria, fusional vergences, and positive relative accommodation. The break values of the base-in fusional vergence account as significant predictors of myopic shift in young adults.
Real-Time VBR Video Traffic Prediction for Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

In this paper, we systematically investigate the long-term, online, real-time variable-bit-rate (VBR) video traffic prediction, which is the key and complicated component for advanced predictive dynamic bandwidth control and allocation framework for the future networks and Internet multimedia services. We focus on neural network-based approach for traffic prediction and demonstrate that the prediction performance and robustness of neural network predictors can be significantly improved through multiresolution learning. We show that neural network traffic predictor trained through the multiresolution learning (called multiresolution learning NN traffic predictor) can successfully predict various real-world VBR video traffic up to hundreds of frames in advance, which then lays a solid foundation for predictive dynamic bandwidth control and allocation mechanism. Also, dynamic bandwidth control/allocation based on long-term traffic prediction is discussed in detail.
Asynchronous Collaboration Around Multimedia Applied to On-Demand Education

Multimedia content is a central component of on-demand training and education delivered over the World Wide Web. Supporting asynchronous collaboration around educational multimedia is potentially a significant tool for delivering online educational content effectively. A multimedia annotation system tightly integrated with e-mail provides a powerful platform on which to base such functionality. In this paper we describe a series of studies of such a system. First, we built a prototype annotation system and refined it based on results of laboratory tests. We then extended the system to support asynchronous collaboration for on-demand training and studied its effectiveness in two corporate training courses, assessing student experience, instructor experience, and user interface appropriateness. Having identified possibilities for enhancing engagement and collaboration with the tool, we conducted another set of laboratory studies. Through this iterative process we are creating a platform and identifying processes for its use, which enable students and instructors to exploit the advantages of asynchronous education while compensating for the reduction in face-to-face interaction.
Familial aggregation and heritability of pyloric stenosis.

CONTEXT Pyloric stenosis is the most common condition requiring surgery in the first months of life. Case reports have suggested familial aggregation, but to what extent this is caused by common environment or inheritance is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate familial aggregation of pyloric stenosis from monozygotic twins to fourth-generation relatives according to sex and maternal and paternal contributions and to estimate disease heritability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Population-based cohort study of 1,999,738 children born in Denmark between 1977 and 2008 and followed up for the first year of life, during which 3362 children had surgery for pyloric stenosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Familial aggregation of pyloric stenosis, evaluated by rate ratios. RESULTS The incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) of pyloric stenosis in the first year of life was 1.8 for singletons and 3.1 for twins. The rate ratios of pyloric stenosis were 182 (95% confidence interval [CI], 70.7-467) for monozygotic twins, 29.4 (95% CI, 9.45-91.5) for dizygotic twins, 18.5 (95% CI, 13.7-25.1) for siblings, 4.99 (95% CI, 2.59-9.65) for half-siblings, 3.06 (95% CI, 2.10-4.44) for cousins, and 1.60 (95% CI, 0.51-4.99) for half-cousins. We found no difference in rate ratios for maternal and paternal relatives of children with pyloric stenosis and no difference according to sex of cohort member or sex of relative. The heritability of pyloric stenosis was 87%. CONCLUSION Pyloric stenosis in Danish children shows strong familial aggregation and heritability.
Higgs Boson Decays to Neutralinos in Low-Scale Gauge Mediation

We study the decays of a standard model-like MSSM Higgs boson to pairs of neutralinos, each of which subsequently decays promptly to a photon and a gravitino. Such decays can arise in supersymmetric scenarios where supersymmetry breaking is mediated to us by gauge interactions with a relatively light gauge messenger sector (Mmess . 100TeV). This process gives rise to a collider signal consisting of a pair of photons and missing energy. In the present work we investigate the bounds on this scenario within the minimal supersymmetric standard model from existing collider data. We also study the prospects for discovering the Higgs boson through this decay mode with upcoming data from the Tevatron and the LHC.
Association Between ADHD and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE Impulsivity and inattention related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase food intake and, consequently, weight gain. However, findings on the association between obesity/overweight and ADHD are mixed. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to estimate this association. METHOD A broad range of databases was searched through Aug. 31, 2014. Unpublished studies were also obtained. Study quality was rated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used. RESULTS Forty-two studies that included a total of 728,136 individuals (48,161 ADHD subjects; 679,975 comparison subjects) were retained. A significant association between obesity and ADHD was found for both children (odds ratio=1.20, 95% CI=1.05-1.37) and adults (odds ratio=1.55, 95% CI=1.32-1.81). The pooled prevalence of obesity was increased by about 70% in adults with ADHD (28.2%, 95% CI=22.8-34.4) compared with those without ADHD (16.4%, 95% CI=13.4-19.9), and by about 40% in children with ADHD (10.3%, 95% CI=7.9-13.3) compared with those without ADHD (7.4%, 95% CI=5.4-10.1). The significant association between ADHD and obesity remained when limited to studies 1) reporting odds ratios adjusted for possible confounding factors; 2) diagnosing ADHD by direct interview; and 3) using directly measured height and weight. Gender, study setting, study country, and study quality did not moderate the association between obesity and ADHD. ADHD was also significantly associated with overweight. Individuals medicated for ADHD were not at higher risk of obesity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides meta-analytic evidence for a significant association between ADHD and obesity/overweight. Further research should address possible underlying mechanisms and the long-term effects of ADHD treatments on weight in individuals with both ADHD and obesity.
Sliding-Mode Control for Systems With Mismatched Uncertainties via a Disturbance Observer

This paper develops a sliding-mode control (SMC) approach for systems with mismatched uncertainties via a nonlinear disturbance observer (DOB). By designing a novel sliding surface based on the disturbance estimation, a DOB-based SMC method is developed in this paper to counteract the mismatched disturbance. The newly proposed method exhibits the following two attractive features. First, the switching gain is only required to be designed greater than the bound of the disturbance estimation error rather than that of the disturbance; thus, the chattering problem is substantially alleviated. Second, the proposed method retains its nominal performance, which means the proposed method acts the same as the baseline sliding-mode controller in the absence of uncertainties. Simulation results of both the numerical and application examples show that the proposed method exhibits much better control performance than the baseline SMC and the integral SMC (I-SMC) methods, such as reduced chattering and nominal performance recovery.
Eating everything except food (PICA): A rare case report and review

PICA is an act or habit of eating non-food items such as stone, bricks, chalk, soap, paper, soil etc., It occurs in children who actually start seeing the world through the oral cavity. There are many theories behind it such as iron and zinc deficiency etc., We as dentists should be able to diagnose and treat such conditions, as they may cause ill-effects to the developing dentition. This case report attempt to highlights the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of pica.
Probabilistic structured query methods

Structured methods for query term replacement rely on separate estimates of term tes of replacement probabilities. Statistically significantfrequency and document frequency to compute a weight for each query term. This paper reviews prior work on structured query techniques and introduces three new variants that leverage estima improvements in retrieval effectiveness are demonstrated for cross-language retrieval and for retrieval based on optical character recognition when replacement probabilities are used to estimate both term frequency and document frequency.
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: Multitissue gene regulation in humans

Expression, genetic variation, and tissues Human genomes show extensive genetic variation across individuals, but we have only just started documenting the effects of this variation on the regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, only a few tissues have been examined per genetic variant. In order to examine how genetic expression varies among tissues within individuals, the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Consortium collected 1641 postmortem samples covering 54 body sites from 175 individuals. They identified quantitative genetic traits that affect gene expression and determined which of these exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. Melé et al. measured how transcription varies among tissues, and Rivas et al. looked at how truncated protein variants affect expression across tissues. Science, this issue p. 648, p. 660, p. 666; see also p. 640 Sampling RNA from multiple tissues across the human body illuminates how genetic variation affects gene expression. [Also see Perspective by Gibson] Understanding the functional consequences of genetic variation, and how it affects complex human disease and quantitative traits, remains a critical challenge for biomedicine. We present an analysis of RNA sequencing data from 1641 samples across 43 tissues from 175 individuals, generated as part of the pilot phase of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We describe the landscape of gene expression across tissues, catalog thousands of tissue-specific and shared regulatory expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) variants, describe complex network relationships, and identify signals from genome-wide association studies explained by eQTLs. These findings provide a systematic understanding of the cellular and biological consequences of human genetic variation and of the heterogeneity of such effects among a diverse set of human tissues.
Complete Characterizations of Tilt Stability in Nonlinear Programming under Weakest Qualification Conditions

This paper is devoted to the study of tilt stability of local minimizers for classical nonlinear programs with equality and inequality constraints in finite dimensions described by twice continuously differentiable functions. The importance of tilt stability has been well recognized from both theoretical and numerical perspectives of optimization, and this area of research has drawn much attention in the literature, especially in recent years. Based on advanced techniques of variational analysis and generalized differentiation, we derive here complete pointbased second-order characterizations of tilt-stable minimizers entirely in terms of the initial program data under the new qualification conditions, which are the weakest ones for the study of tilt stability.
Interplay of transporters and enzymes in the Caco‐2 cell monolayer: I. effect of altered apical secretion

Interactions are expected between transporters and enzymes that compete for the substrate within the cell, and controversy exists for data interpretation on the interplay between transporters and enzymes. In the Caco‐2 cell monolayer, the increase in mean residence time (MRT) of drug accompanying increased secretion has been construed as the reason for increased metabolism, whereas others hold an opposite view that increased secretion would evoke decreased metabolism in this closed system. A catenary Caco‐2 cell model was used to simulate the effects of altered secretion on metabolism, estimated as the fraction of dose metabolized (fmet) or the extraction ratio (ER). The simulations showed that both fmet and ER varied inversely with the transporter‐mediated intrinsic clearance for apical secretion (CLint,sec) under linear conditions. Under non‐linear conditions of saturable metabolism, apical absorption, basolateral influx or efflux, the simulated fmet consistently bore a reciprocal relationship with CLint,sec. For saturable apical absorption or basolateral efflux, a reciprocal relationship between the ER and CLint,sec was also found. However, under conditions of saturable metabolism or basolateral influx, the pattern of change in the ER became dependent on the administration sites, showing increasing patterns for apical dosing but decreasing patterns for basolateral dosing with increasing values of CLint,sec. In general, fmet consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship with CLint,sec, whereas ER, failing to include the drug in the donor side, would not show the same pattern of change in metabolism especially for apical dosing, since a substantial amount of drug was back‐secreted into the apical compartment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Metric Learning with the Low Rank Constraint

Good quality distance metrics can significantly promote the performance of many computer vision applications. In order to learn an appropriate distance metric, most of existing metric learning approaches restrict the learned distances between similar pairs to be smaller than a given lower bound, while the learned distances between dissimilar pairs are required to be larger than a given upper bound. However, the learned metrics may not perform well by leveraging the fixed bounds, especially when the data distributions are complex in practical applications. Besides, most methods attempt to learn a distance metric with a full rank matrix transformation from the given training data, which is not only inefficient to compute but also prone to overfitting. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Metric Learning with the Low Rank Constraint (AML-LR) method, which restricts the learned distances between examples of pairs using adaptive bounds and meanwhile the rank of the learned matrix is minimized. Therefore, the learned metric is adaptive to different data distributions and robust to avoid overfitting. To solve the proposed optimization problem efficiently, we present an effective optimization algorithm based on the accelerated gradient method. Experimental results on UCI datasets and face verification databases demonstrate that AML-LR achieves competitive results compared with other state-of-the-art metric learning methods.
Unresponsiveness to a self-peptide of mouse lysozyme owing to hindrance of T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex/peptide interaction caused by flanking epitopic residues

A self-peptide containing amino acid residues 46-61 (NRGDQSTDYGIFQINSR) of mouse lysozyme (ML) (p46-61, which binds strongly to the A(k) molecule but does not bind to the E(k) molecule), can induce a strong proliferative T cell response in CBA/J mice (A[k], E[k]) but no response at all in B10.A(4R) and CBA/J mice. The critical residues within p46-59 are immunogenic in both B10.A(4R) and CBA/J mice. The critical residues within p46-61 reside between amino acid positions 51 and 59. T cells of B10.A(4R) mice primed with the truncated peptides in vivo cannot be restimulated by p46-61 in vitro. This suggests that T cell receptor (TCR) contact (epitopic) residue(s) flanking the minimal 51-59 determinant within p46-61 hinder the interaction of the p46- 61/A(k) complex with the appropriate TCR(S), thereby causing a lack of proliferative T cell response in this mouse strain. Unlike B10.A(4R) mice, [B10.A(4R) x CBA/J]F1 mice responded vigorously to p46-61, suggesting that thymic APC of B10.A(4R) mice do not present a self ligand to T cells resulting in a p46-61-specific hole in the T cell repertoire in B10.A(4R) or the F1 mice. Moreover, APC from B10.A(4R) mice are capable of efficiently presenting p46-61 to peptide-specific T cell lines from CBA/J mice. The proliferative unresponsiveness of B10.A(4R) mice to p46-61 is not due to non-major histocompatibility complex genes because B10.A mice (A[k], E[k]) respond well to p46-61. Interestingly, B10.A(4R) mice can raise a good proliferative response to p46-61 (R61A) (in which the arginine residue at position 61 (R61L/F/N/K), indicating that R61 was indeed responsible for hindering the interaction of p46-61 with the appropriate TCR. Finally, chimeric mice [B10.A(4R)-->B10.A] responded vigorously to p46-61, suggesting that thymic antigen presentation environment of the B10.A mouse was critical for development of a p46-61-reactive T cell repertoire. Thus, we provide experimental demonstration of a novel mechanism for unresponsiveness to a self peptide, p46-61, in the B10.A(4R) mouse owing to hindrance: in this system it is the interaction between the available TCR and the A(k)/p46-61 complex, which is hindered by epitopic residue(s) within p46-61. We argue that besides possessing T cells that are hindered by R61 of p46-61, CBA/J and B10.A mice have developed an additional subset of T cells bearing TCRs which are not hinderable by R61, presumably through positive selection with peptides derived from class II E(k), or class I D(k)/D(d) molecules. These results have important implications in self tolerance, shaping of the T cell repertoire, and in defining susceptibility to autoimmunity.
Fast , long-range , reversible conformational fluctuations in nucleosomes revealed by single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer

human CD8 T cells with stronger tumor reactivity than altered antigen,’’ by Daniel E. Speiser, Petra Baumgaertner, Verena Voelter, Estelle Devevre, Catherine Barbey, Nathalie Rufer, and Pedro Romero, which appeared in issue 10, March 11, 2008, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (105:3849–3854; first published March 4, 2008; 10.1073 pnas.0800080105), the authors note that, due to a printer’s error, in Fig. 1B, the x-axis label was omitted from the graph. The corrected figure and its legend appear below. BIOPHYSICS. For the article ‘‘Fast, long-range, reversible conformational f luctuations in nucleosomes revealed by single-pair f luorescence resonance energy transfer,’’ by Miroslav Tomschik, Haocheng Zheng, Ken van Holde, Jordanka Zlatanova, and Sanford H. Leuba, which appeared in issue 9, March 1, 2005, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (102:3278–3283; first published February 22, 2005; 10.1073 pnas.0500189102), the authors wish to note the following: ‘‘In this article, we used single-pair f luorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) experiments to investigate conformational f luctuations in nucleosomal DNA. Based on the reported results, we concluded that there were spontaneous, long-range, reversible fluctuations in nucleosomal DNA, leading to opening of the nucleosome for protein binding. A potential artifact in such studies is the photoblinking of the acceptor fluorophore (1), which was not conclusively ruled out in our 2005 article. Subsequent investigations make it clear that the photoblinking artifact impacted the values reported in Fig. 4D and in the last three columns of Table 1. We (M.T., K.v.H., and J.Z.) have now used formaldehyde-crosslinked nucleosomes and imaging in the presence of Trolox—an efficient triplet-state quencher that helps suppress photoblinking (2)—to reevaluate our previous conclusions. Analysis of the data indicates that most of the events previously characterized as nucleosome ‘opening’ must have corresponded to photoblinking. There is, nevertheless, evidence for the existence of infrequent, rapid opening events. We would like to point out that the very low frequency of opening events deduced from the present measurements is in agreement with the earlier biochemical measurements from Widom’s laboratory (3). A manuscript reporting on these data has now been published (4). We emphasize that the data in the 2005 article are wholly reproducible; the problem is one of data interpretation caused by the existence of photoblinking. We note that the original data published in 2005 did contain a clear indication of long-range opening events. Thus, for example, the time trajectories in Fig. 4A contain events in which the fluorescence intensity of the acceptor dye in low-FRET states is significantly higher than that in the photobleached state, indicating true molecular fluctuations. However, these events are now confirmed to be rarer than put forward in the original report. ’’ Analog multimer Natural multimer
Integration and Approximation Based on Scramble Sampling in Arbitrary Dimensions

This paper considers integration in the worst case setting and approximation in the average case setting based on the scramble sampling scheme proposed by A. B. Owen (1995, Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 106, pp. 299? 317, Springer-Verlag, New York.) The tractability and strong tractability exponents are found for function spaces with reproducing/covariance kernels that are scramble-invariant. Integration and approximation for a space with a non-scramble-invariant kernel are no harder than the corresponding problems with the associated scramble-invariant kernel. This enables us to derive tractability results for weighted Sobolev spaces.