Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal output to neocortex: Examination of the electrophysiological and plastic properties of CA1 projections to the perirhinal cortex

The hippocampal formation is an important structure in learning and memory that is required for the transfer of sensory information into long-term storage. This long-term storage is believed to occur in the neocortex and the physiological mechanism underpinning this transfer of information is believed to be long-term changes in synaptic plasticity, namely long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). The aim of this thesis is to characterise synaptic plasticity in a particular hippocampal-neocortical projection. The CA1 to perirhinal cortex projection has been previously shown to sustain LTP; by stimulating the area CA1 and recording in the perirhinal cortex, we show that it can sustain short- and long-term changes in synaptic plasticity. Additionally we demonstrate that multiple frequencies of high-frequency stimulation can induce LTP in this projection and that LTP-induction may require AMPA/kainate receptor activation but not NMDA receptor activation; indicating that glutamatergic signalling underlies synaptic plasticity in this projection. We also determine the role of the CA1 to perirhinal cortex projection in a model of electrophysiologically excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal projections to the parahippocampal region of the neocortex. We propose that this projection forms part of an electrophysiologically excitatory circuit from the distal CA1 and proximal subiculum along with the lateral entorhinal cortex. Moreover, we investigate the roles of the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex in recognition and spatial memory. Utilising an object recognition task (a recognition memory task) and an object displacement task (a spatial memory task), we show that there are increased levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following the spatial task. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors are necessary for performance in the object recognition task whereas both NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors are required for the object displacement task. These findings suggest that glutamatergic signalling not only underlies synaptic plasticity in the CA1 to perirhinal cortex projection but that it is also required for learning and memory in recognition and spatial tasks.
Modelling the broadband wireless channel in rural Australia

The internet infrastructure which supports high data rates has a major impact on the Australian economy and the world. However, in rural Australia, the provision of broadband services to an internet dispersed population over a large geographical area with low population densities remains both an economic and technical challenge [1]. Furthermore, the implementation of currently available technologies such as fibre-to-the-premise (FTTP), 3G, 4G and WiMAX seems to be impractical, considering the low population density that is distributed in a large area. Therefore, new paradigms and innovative telecommunication technologies need to be explored to overcome the challenges of providing faster and more reliable broadband internet services to internet dispersed rural areas. The research project implements an innovative Multi-User-Single-Antenna for MIMO (MUSA-MIMO) technology using the spectrum currently allocated to analogue TV. MUSA-MIMO technology can be considered as a special case of MIMO technology, which is beneficial when provisioning reliable and high-speed communication channels. Particularly, the abstract describes the development of a novel MUSA-MIMO channel model that takes into account temporal variations in the rural wireless environment. This can be considered as a novel approach tailor-made to rural Australia for provisioning efficient wireless broadband communications.
Age of Onset of Bilingualism, Language Use, and the Volitional Subjunctive in Heritage Learners of Spanish

The present study investigates heritage learners’ recognition of native-like and nonnative-like mood selection in Spanish volitional constructions along two dimensions: age of onset of bilingualism in English (operationalized as age of arrival) and language use. Thirty-two heritage learners completed a grammaticality judgment (GJ) and an editing task, along with a background questionnaire about family language use, time abroad, and formal Spanish instruction. Participants born in the U.S. or who immigrated before age 6 were defined as early childhood bilinguals; the late childhood bilinguals had arrived in the U.S. between the ages of 6 and 12. No significant differences in ability to recognize Spanish volitional constructions were found between the early and late bilingual groups, but significant relationships were found between performance and several aspects of language use, including predominant home use of Spanish in the past and multiple trips abroad to hispanophone countries. Results suggest that age of arrival may be an inadequate proxy for age of onset of bilingualism and that language use may be an equally or more important determinant of language abilities. Introduction The challenge that the Spanish subjunctive poses for traditional Spanish-as-a-ForeignLanguage (SFL) learners who are native speakers of English has been well documented (Collentine, 2003; Terrell, Baycroft, & Perrone, 1987). Investigations of L1 Spanish suggest that subjunctive acquisition is a complex process for children as well; although the subjunctive can appear in their speech as early as 2;1 and 2;4 (Hernández-Pina, 1984; López-Ornat, 1994), its use in all of the constructions and contexts in which it is expected often takes several more years (Blake, 1983; Pérez-
Doppler Profiler and Radar Observations of Boundary Layer Variability during the Landfall of Tropical Storm Gabrielle

Abstract Detailed observations of boundary layer structure were acquired on 14 September 2001, prior to and during the landfall of Tropical Storm Gabrielle. The Mobile Integrated Profiling System (MIPS) and the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R) were collocated at the western Florida coastline near Venice, very close to the wind center at landfall. Prior to landfall, the boundary layer was rendered weakly stable by a long period of evaporational cooling and mesoscale downdrafts within extensive stratiform precipitation that started 18 h before landfall. The cool air mass was expansive, with an area within the 23°C surface isotherm of about 50 000 km2. East-northeasterly surface flow transported this cool air off the west coast of Florida, toward the convergent warm core of the Gabrielle, and promoted the development of shallow warm and cold fronts that were prominent during the landfall phase. Airflow properties of the boundary layer around the coastal zone are examined using .
Auditory and Visual Modulation of Temporal Lobe Neurons in Voice-Sensitive and Association Cortices

Effective interactions between conspecific individuals can depend upon the receiver forming a coherent multisensory representation of communication signals, such as merging voice and face content. Neuroimaging studies have identified face- or voice-sensitive areas (Belin et al., 2000; Petkov et al., 2008; Tsao et al., 2008), some of which have been proposed as candidate regions for face and voice integration (von Kriegstein et al., 2005). However, it was unclear how multisensory influences occur at the neuronal level within voice- or face-sensitive regions, especially compared with classically defined multisensory regions in temporal association cortex (Stein and Stanford, 2008). Here, we characterize auditory (voice) and visual (face) influences on neuronal responses in a right-hemisphere voice-sensitive region in the anterior supratemporal plane (STP) of Rhesus macaques. These results were compared with those in the neighboring superior temporal sulcus (STS). Within the STP, our results show auditory sensitivity to several vocal features, which was not evident in STS units. We also newly identify a functionally distinct neuronal subpopulation in the STP that appears to carry the area's sensitivity to voice identity related features. Audiovisual interactions were prominent in both the STP and STS. However, visual influences modulated the responses of STS neurons with greater specificity and were more often associated with congruent voice-face stimulus pairings than STP neurons. Together, the results reveal the neuronal processes subserving voice-sensitive fMRI activity patterns in primates, generate hypotheses for testing in the visual modality, and clarify the position of voice-sensitive areas within the unisensory and multisensory processing hierarchies.
Frequency and duration of clinical remission in patients with peripheral psoriatic arthritis requiring second-line drugs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency and duration of clinical remission in patients with PsA. METHODS All consecutive new outpatients with peripheral PsA requiring second-line drugs and RA observed between January 2000 and December 2005 were included in a prospective, case-control study. Primary end point was to assess the frequency of remission in peripheral PsA compared with RA. Secondary end points were to compare the duration of clinical remission during treatment and after therapy interruption, ACR 20, 50, 70 response rates and to detect any remission predictor at diagnosis. Treatment regimen was standardized in both groups. From January 2003 to December 2005, therapy was suspended in PsA patients and controls if achieving remission. RESULTS One or more episodes of remission occurred in 57/236 (24.1%) PsA patients and in 20/268 (7.5%) controls (P < 0.001). The mean duration of remission was of 13 +/- 9.4 months in PsA patients and 4 +/- 3.7 in controls (P > 0.001). Remission episodes were more frequent in PsA patients treated with anti-TNF compared with those receiving traditional DMARDs (P > 0.001), with no differences regarding the duration. After therapy interruption, the remission duration was 12 +/- 2.4 months in PsA and 3 +/- 1.5 in RA (P < 0.001). No remission predictor at diagnosis resulted by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Remission is possible in up to 24% of patients with peripheral PsA. It is significantly more frequent, but not longer, in patients receiving anti-TNF drugs compared with those treated with traditional DMARDs. Patients remain in remission for a long period after therapy interruption, thus suggesting an intermittent therapeutic strategy.
The Impact of a Couple’s Vibrator on Men’s Perceptions of Their Own and Their Partner’s Sexual Pleasure and Satisfaction

Recent research demonstrated that more men, particularly those in couple relationships, are using vibrators to enhance sexual pleasure. However, men’s perceptions of vibrator use with a partner have rarely been investigated. The purpose of this analysis was to study men’s perceptions of the impact of vibrator use on their and their partner’s sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction. Forty-nine men, aged twenty-five to fifty-eight, in heterosexual relationships responded to a series of open-ended questions regarding their experience of incorporating a couple-oriented vibrator into their sexual repertoire over a six-week period. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The data were organized into four themes: physical pleasure, awareness of partner’s experience, novelty and variety, and intimacy. Men’s experiences of sexual pleasure were tied to perceptions of their partner’s pleasure and to the addition of novelty and variety in sexual encounters.
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja (Studi tentang Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Puskesmas Turen di Malang)

Organization climate determines the favorable or unfavorable work environment to the people inside the organization. Favorable work environment maintains the worker from turning over and affects the work satisfaction. The research objectives may be: (1) to observe the effect of leader behavior, work motivation, communication flow and decision making practice simultaneously on work satisfaction, and (2) to find out the effect of leader behavior, work motivation, communication flow and decision making practice partially on work satisfaction. Research has been classified in to explanatory research. The population includes all employees of Turen Public Health Center at Malang in 2010. Sample covers 41 respondents. Research instrument relates to questionnaire. Analysis tool considers Multiple Regression with Ftest and t-test.Results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that the significant effect develops simultaneously and partially from all variables in the organization climate concept (variables of organization behavior, work motivation, communication flow, decision making practice) against all variables in the employee’s work satisfaction concept. It seems being confirmed through determination coefficient for organization climate effect (leader behavior, work motivation, communication flow, and decision making practice) on employee’s work satisfaction for 34.2%. Keywords: Organization Climate, Work Satisfaction
Additive Gaussian Process for Computer Models With Qualitative and Quantitative Factors

ABSTRACT Computer experiments with qualitative and quantitative factors occur frequently in various applications in science and engineering. Analysis of such experiments is not yet completely resolved. In this work, we propose an additive Gaussian process model for computer experiments with qualitative and quantitative factors. The proposed method considers an additive correlation structure for qualitative factors, and assumes that the correlation function for each qualitative factor and the correlation function of quantitative factors are multiplicative. It inherits the flexibility of unrestrictive correlation structure for qualitative factors by using the hypersphere decomposition, embracing more flexibility in modeling the complex systems of computer experiments. The merits of the proposed method are illustrated by several numerical examples and a real data application. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study

In the recent decades structural connectivity between Broca's area and the basal ganglia has been postulated in the literature, though no direct evidence of this connectivity has yet been presented. The current study investigates this connectivity using a novel diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) fiber tracking method in humans in vivo. Our findings suggest direct connections between sub-regions of Broca's area and the anterior one-third of the putamen, as well as the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Thus, we are the first to provide a detailed account of inferred circuitry involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and Broca's area, which would be a prerequisite to substantiate their support of language processing.
A multiwavelength investigation of the temperature of the cold neutral medium

We present measurements of the H i spin temperatures (Ts) of the Cold Neutral Medium (CNM) towards radio sources that are closely aligned with stars for which published H2 ortho-para temperatures (T01) are available from UV observations. Our sample consists of 18 radio sources close to 16 nearby stars. The transverse separation of the lines of sight of corresponding the UV and radio observations varies from 0.1 to 12.0 pc at the distance of the star. The ultraviolet (UV) measurements do not have velocity information, so we use the velocities of low ionization species (e.g Na i/K i/C i) observed towards these same stars to make a plausible identification of the CNM corresponding to the H2 absorption. We then find that T01 and Ts match within observational uncertainties for lines-of-sight with H2 column density above 10 15.8 cm 2 , but deviate from each other below this threshold. This is consistent with the expectation that in the CNM Ts tracks the kinetic temperature due to collisions and that T01 is driven towards the kinetic temperature by proton exchange reactions.
Age-associated changes in blood pressure in a longitudinal study of healthy men and women.

BACKGROUND Current knowledge of age-associated increases in blood pressure is based primarily on unscreened population studies that may not be representative of healthy men and women. We examined longitudinal patterns of change in blood pressure in healthy male and female volunteers from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). METHODS Longitudinal mixed-effects regression models are used to estimate the age-associated changes in blood pressure in 1307 men (age 17-97) and 333 women (age 18-93) who have been followed for up to 32 years (mean: 8.4 years for men and 3.4 years for women) and who have been screened for health problems or medications that affect blood pressure. RESULTS On average, systolic pressure is relatively stable in men and women until approximately age 45, increases at 5-8 mm Hg per decade in middle age, then accelerates in men and stabilizes in women. Diastolic pressure increases at 1 mm Hg per decade at all ages in men, whereas in women the rate of change in diastolic pressure increases in middle age and then plateaus and may decline after age 70. Additional findings include: (a) BLSA cross-sectional and longitudinal findings are more similar than has been observed in studies of unscreened samples; (b) there is no evidence of a gender cross-over in this group of healthy men and women; and (c) compared to previous studies of unscreened samples, healthy BLSA men and women show a weaker association between baseline blood pressure and subsequent rate of blood pressure change. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that several previously described age-associated patterns of blood pressure change partially reflect the effects of hypertension and its treatment, rather than intrinsic age changes in the blood pressure of healthy individuals.
Reovirus Replicase-Directed Synthesis of Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid

After the incubation of reovirus replicase reaction mixtures (containing labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates), partially double-stranded ribonucleic acid (pdsRNA) products were isolated by cellulose column chromatography followed by precipitation with 2 m NaCl. The pulse-labeled reaction product contained a significantly large amount of pdsRNA that became complete dsRNA as reaction time increased, indicating that pdsRNA was an intermediate of the replicase reaction. The newly synthesized RNA strand (3H-labeled) of the pdsRNA was resistant to ribonuclease digestion, suggesting that single-stranded RNA regions were part of a preexistent unlabeled RNA template. These observations, together with the electrophoretic behavior of the pdsRNA in polyacrylamide gel, are consistent with the hypothesis that dsRNA is synthesized by the elongation of a complementary RNA strand upon a preexistent template of single-stranded RNA (i.e., messenger RNA). The direction of the RNA strand elongation was determined by carrying out the replicase reaction in the presence of 3H-cytidine triphosphate (or 3H-uridine triphosphate) and adenine triphosphate-α-32P followed by a chase with excess unlabeled cytidine triphosphate (or uridine triphosphate). The dsRNA product was digested with T1 ribonuclease and the resulting 3′-terminal fragments were isolated by chromatography on a dihydroxyboryl derivative of cellulose. Examination of the ratio of 3H to 32P in these fragments indicated that RNA synthesis proceeded from the 5′ to 3′ terminus.
Trust, Perceived Risk, Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness as Factors Related to mHealth Technology Use

Mobile technology use is nearly ubiquitous which affords the opportunity for using these technologies for modifying health related behaviors. At the same time, use of mobile health (mHealth) technology raises privacy and security concerns of consumers. The goal of this analysis was to understand the perceived ease of use, usefulness, risk and trust that contribute to behavioral intention to use a mobile application for meeting the healthcare needs of persons living with HIV (PLWH). To understand these issues, we conducted focus group sessions with 50 persons living with HIV and 30 HIV healthcare providers. We used the e-commerce acceptance model to analyze our focus group data. Findings from the study demonstrated the need for mHealth to be perceived as useful, easy to use, with little perceived risk accompanied by a measure of trust in the creators of the technology. Findings from this work can inform future work on patients and providers' perceptions of risk, trust, ease of use and usefulness of mHealth technology.
Stochastic Homogenization of Monotone Systems of Viscous Hamilton-Jacobi Equations with Convex Nonlinearities

We consider the homogenization of monotone systems of viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equations with convex nonlinearities set in the stationary, ergodic setting. The primary focus of this paper is on collapsing systems which, as the microscopic scale tends to zero, average to a deterministic scalar Hamilton--Jacobi equation. However, our methods also apply to systems which do not collapse and, as the microscopic scale tends to zero, average to a deterministic system of Hamilton--Jacobi equations.
Comparison of three primary reading schemes in Tasmania

A sample of 3135 grade 3 to grade 6 children from ten metropolitan Hobart, Tasmania primary schools was selected to contrast three reading schemes: Wide Range Readers (UK), the SRA Basic Reading Programme (USA), and SRA Reading Laboratories (USA). Standardised test results from the Tasmanian Education Department Sub-Junior and Junior General Ability Tests, the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices Sets and the Schonell Silent Reading Tests A and B for the period 1971 to 1976 were provided by high school Guidance Officers and primary school principals. Schools were selected on the basis of using one reading scheme exclusively and only those children who were in continuous attendance were considered. Numbers per reading scheme were: Wide Range Readers, 1598; the SRA Basic Reading Programme, 501; SRA Reading Laboratories, 1036. The Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics furnished data (1971 Census) which enabled the following grouping of classes by socioeconomic level: Lower, 1340; Middle, 1413; Upper Middle, 382. Factors influencing children's reading achievement that have been considered in this study are: Reading scheme, sex, IQ, change of school, socioeconomic level and school grade. The following factors, outlined in the literature on children's reading, were not considered: Teaching style and teacher effect, effect of television and other media, parent's attitudes to education, parent's educational level, reading opportunities in the home, home stability, language spoken in the home, family size, child's position in the family, and various psychological and physiological problems. Experimental procedures were selected to minimise the influence of these factors. Analysis of Variance, Analysis of Covariance, and a posteriori testing were performed on IQ and RQ (reading quotient) scores for the various groups with computer programmes provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the University of Tasmania. With the significance cut-off taken at p ≤ 0.05 no significant pattern of one reading scheme's effectiveness over another was found. Superior class mean RQ and IQ levels for middle socioeconomic level children were found. irrespective of reading scheme, with the exception of the grade 3 sample. Male and female reading achievement was not significantly different, with the exception of the grade 6 sample, where females' achievement was superior. Wide variation was found in reading achievement over time and SRA Reading Laboratories showed the most regular improvement.