Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managers' Conflict Management Styles and its Effect on Staff Nurses' Turnover Intention at Shebin El Kom Hospitals, Menoufiya Governorate

2 Abstract: Conflict, as an inherent phenomenon in humans' life, arises as a daily challenge in healthcare organizations. Work-Life harmony is a critical business strategy to reduce employee turnover and to improve overall firm performance. More flexibility can address the problem of work life balance. "Because the objective of flexible work arrangements is to improve inter-role conflict and it also seems reasonable to assume that flexible arrangements will be attractive to workers, especially those faced with competing demands". This study aimed to determine the main conflict management styles from both nurse managers and their staff nurses' points of view and investigating its effect on nurses' turnover intension. Descriptive correlation research design was used in this study. The study was conducted in two selected hospitals, Menoufiya University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital. Two groups of sample were included in this study. The first group included all nurse managers (30) working in Menoufiya University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital. The second group included random sample of staff nurses (150) working in the previous mentioned two hospitals. Two standardized questionnaires were used to measure the variables in this study from both nurse managers and nurses' point of view: Conflict Management Styles Questionnaire and The Anticipated Turnover Scale. The findings of this study revealed that the most used conflict management style was avoiding while the least used style was competing. The highest percentage (34.2%) of male nurses had the intension to leave their organization compared to female nurses (14%). The main conclusion from the current study pointed out that there were statistically significant positive correlation between turnover intension and the three conflict management styles (collaboration, compromise and avoiding) while, there was statistically significant negative correlation between turnover intension and competing style. Designing and implementing educational program on " different conflict management styles" and "how to manage work related conflict". Further research in this area is necessary with a larger sample ranging across different governmental and private hospitals in different governorates to enhance our understanding of the main causes of conflict and how to manage it.
Killing of targets by effector CD8$^+$T cells in the mouse spleen follows the law of mass action

It has been difficult to measure efficacy of T cell-based vaccines and to correlate efficacy of CD8$^+$T cell responses with protection against viral infections. In part, this difficulty is due to our poor understanding of the in vivo efficacy of CD8$^+$T cells. Using a recently developed experimental method of in vivo cytotoxicity we investigated quantitative aspects of killing of peptide-pulsed targets by effector and memory CD8$^+$T cells, specific to three epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), in the mouse spleen. By analyzing data on killing of targets with varying number of epitope-specific effector and memory CD8$^+$T cells, we find that killing of targets by effectors follows the law of mass-action, that is the death rate of peptide-pulsed targets is proportional to the frequency of CTLs in the spleen. In contrast, killing of targets by memory CD8$^+$T cells does not follow the mass action law because the death rate of targets saturates at high frequencies of memory CD8$^+$T cells. For both effector and memory cells, we also find no support for a killing term that includes the decrease of the death rate of targets with increasing target cell density. Importantly, we find that at low CD8$^+$T cell frequencies, effector and memory CD8$^+$T cells on the per capita basis are equally efficient at killing peptide-pulsed targets. Our framework provides the guideline for the calculation of the level of memory CD8$^+$T cells required to provide sterilizing protection against viral infection. Our results thus form a basis for quantitative understanding of the process of killing of virus-infected cells by T cell responses in tissues and can be used to correlate the phenotype of vaccine-induced memory CD8 T cells with their killing efficacy in vivo.
TRAPPII is required for cleavage furrow ingression and localization of Rab11 in dividing male meiotic cells of Drosophila

Although membrane addition is crucial for cytokinesis in many animal cell types, the specific mechanisms supporting cleavage furrow ingression are not yet understood. Mutations in the gene brunelleschi (bru), which encodes the Drosophila ortholog of the yeast Trs120p subunit of TRAPPII, cause failure of furrow ingression in male meiotic cells. In non-dividing cells, Brunelleschi protein fused to GFP is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and enriched at Golgi organelles, similarly to another Drosophila TRAPPII subunit, dBet3. Localization of the membrane-trafficking GTPase Rab11 to the cleavage furrow requires wild-type function of bru, and genetic interactions between bru and Rab11 increase the failure of meiotic cytokinesis and cause synthetic lethality. bru also genetically interacts with four wheel drive (fwd), which encodes a PI4Kβ, such that double mutants exhibit enhanced failure of male meiotic cytokinesis. These results suggest that Bru cooperates with Rab11 and PI4Kβ to regulate the efficiency of membrane addition to the cleavage furrow, thus promoting cytokinesis in Drosophila male meiotic cells.
Relationship Between A1C and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Dysglycemia or Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE A1C measurement has advantages over measures of plasma glucose. Few studies have evaluated the A1C–fasting plasma glucose (FPG) relationship and whether oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) and ethnic or geographic variations affect the relationship. Baseline A1C and FPG data from the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial participants were analyzed to 1) elucidate the relationship between A1C and FPG in people with moderate dysglycemia (A1C 5.6–9.0% [38–75 mmol/mol]) and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, 2) determine whether this relationship is altered by use of an OAD, and 3) study whether geographic and ethnic differences exist. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Analysis was performed of 12,527 participants with dysglycemia or early type 2 diabetes recruited in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and Asia who comprised white, Latin American, Asian, black, and other ethnicities. The A1C-FPG relationships were analyzed using cubic B spline curves in all participants and in subgroups not using an OAD or using an OAD and comprising persons of different ethnic or geographic origin. RESULTS A strong relationship between FPG in the range of 5.6–9.0 mmol/L and the corresponding A1C was seen across different geographic regions and ethnic groups. A smaller increase in A1C per unit increase in FPG occurred for persons taking an OAD versus those not taking an OAD. CONCLUSIONS The strong relationship between A1C and FPG in moderate dysglycemia is not significantly affected by ethnic or geographic differences. Use of an OAD alters the relationship and should be considered when interpreting A1C level.
Teacher self-efficacy according to Turkish Cypriot science teachers

ABSTRACT This study examined the self-efficacy of Turkish Cypriot science teachers working at high schools in Northern Cyprus. The study sample was 200 science teachers who participated in the survey. The Teacher Self-efficacy (TSE) Scale was used as a data source. It was observed that the science teachers’ efficacy beliefs about student engagement in class; instructional strategies; and classroom management did not change depending on their years of teaching experience, and branch of science. Moreover, the teachers’ school level and faculty from which they graduated were significant predictors of their self-efficacy for student engagement and instructional strategies, but gender was not a significant predictor of teacher self-efficacy.
Spironolactone Lowers Portal Hypertension by Inhibiting Liver Fibrosis, ROCK-2 Activity and Activating NO/PKG Pathway in the Bile-Duct-Ligated Rat

Objective Aldosterone, one of the main peptides in renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), has been suggested to mediate liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, has beneficial effect on hyperdynamic circulation in clinical practice. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of spionolactone on liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Methods Liver cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Spironolactone was administered orally (20 mg/kg/d) after bile duct ligation was performed. Liver fibrosis was assessed by histology, Masson's trichrome staining, and the measurement of hydroxyproline and type I collagen content. The activation of HSC was determined by analysis of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Protein expressions and protein phosphorylation were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis, Messenger RNA levels by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Portal pressure and intrahepatic resistance were examined in vivo. Results Treatment with spironolactone significantly lowered portal pressure. This was associated with attenuation of liver fibrosis, intrahepatic resistance and inhibition of HSC activation. In BDL rat liver, spironolactone suppressed up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6). Additionally, spironolactone significantly decreased ROCK-2 activity without affecting expression of RhoA and Ras. Moreover, spironolactone markedly increased the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS and the activity of NO effector- protein kinase G (PKG) in the liver. Conclusion Spironolactone lowers portal hypertension by improvement of liver fibrosis and inhibition of intrahepatic vasoconstriction via down-regulating ROCK-2 activity and activating NO/PKG pathway. Thus, early spironolactone therapy might be the optional therapy in cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Movement assisted-topology control and geographic routing protocol for underwater sensor networks

Underwater sensor networks have recently been proposed as a way to observe and to explore the lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. A challenging issue in these networks is the communication, mainly due to the impairments of the acoustic transmission. Thus, efficient mechanisms to improve the data delivery must be proposed. In this work we present a novel anycast greedy geographic forwarding protocol and two topology control mechanisms. The proposed geo-routing protocol considers the anycast network architecture in the data forwarding process. The proposed centralized topology control (CTC) and distributed topology control (DTC) mechanisms organize the network via depth adjustment of some nodes. The simulation results show that with these mechanisms, the data packet delivery ratio achieves more than 90% even in hard and difficult scenarios of very sparse or very dense networks, the end-to-end delay and energy consumption per delivered packet is reduced.
Organic Thin Film Transistors for Large Area Electronics

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have lived to see great improvements in recent years. This review presents new insight into conduction mechanisms and performance characteristics, as well as opportunities for modeling properties of OTFTs. The shifted focus in research from novel chemical structures to fabrication technologies that optimize morphology and structural order is underscored by chapters on vacuum-deposited and solution-processed organic semiconducting films. Finally, progress in the growing field of the n-type OTFTs is discussed in ample detail. The Figure, showing a pentacene film edge on SiO2, illustrates the morphology issue.
Bivariate copulas: Transformations, asymmetry and measures of concordance

The present paper introduces a group of transformations on the collection of all bivariate copulas. This group contains an involution which is particularly useful since it provides (1) a criterion under which a given symmetric copula can be transformed into an asymmetric one and (2) a condition under which for a given copula the value of every measure of concordance is equal to zero. The group also contains a subgroup which is of particular interest since its four elements preserve symmetry, the order between two copulas and the value of every measure of concordance.
Additive benefits of external focus and enhanced performance expectancy for motor learning

Abstract The authors examined the individual and combined influences of 2 factors that have been shown to benefit motor learning: an external focus of attention and enhanced performance expectancies. Another purpose of this study was to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying these variables. In a factorial design, participants learning a novel motor skill (i.e., throwing with the non-dominant arm) were or were not given external focus instructions, and were or were not provided bogus positive social-comparative feedback to enhance their expectancies. This resulted in 4 groups: external focus, enhanced expectancy, external focus/enhanced expectancy and control. External focus instructions and enhanced expectancies had additive benefits for learning: the external focus/enhanced expectancy group demonstrated the greatest throwing accuracy on both retention and transfer tests, while the accuracy scores of the external focus and enhanced expectancy groups were lower, but higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, self-efficacy was increased by both external focus and enhanced expectancy, and predicted retention and transfer performance. Positive affect was heightened in the enhanced expectancy and external focus/enhanced expectancy groups after practice and predicted transfer performance. The findings suggest that the learning benefits of an external focus and enhanced expectancies mediate learning through partially different mechanisms.
Unsupervised Learning of Non-uniform Segmental Units for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition

Great progress has been made in the development of recognition systems for continuous read speech but the performance of these systems degrades severely when they are applied to spontaneous speech. This indicates that a different approach in modeling is required to design a system that is better suited to spontaneous speech. Our approach is to combine two advances proposed in previous work: the use of acoustically derived (non-uniform) subword units and segmental modeling. Two questions must be answered when this approach is chosen: 1. How does one derive an inventory of acoustic units? and 2. How does one map these acoustic units to a lexicon? In the work presented here, we attempt to formulate an answer t o the first question.
Beyond hearing : social-emotional outcomes following cochlear implantation in young children

In comparison to hearing children, children with hearing loss more often experience social-emotional problems. This thesis aimed to assess whether this was also true for 1-to-5-year-old children who had received a cochlear implant (CI) to remediate their hearing loss. In comparison to hearing peers, children with CI were found to be delayed on some but not all aspects of social-emotional functioning. No delays were found regarding social behavior or empathy. However, children with CI did show delays on theory of mind understanding and on the development of moral emotions. Against expectations, language skills did not have a major influence on children's social-emotional development. Parents in both groups had adopted similar parenting styles. Positive parenting was associated with better social-emotional functioning in children, whereas negative or uninvolved parenting were associated with lower social-emotional functioning. Based on this thesis we can conclude that a CI is beneficial for the social-emotional development of children with a hearing loss. However, these children are still at risk of developing delays in some areas of social-emotional functioning. Furthermore, we should not assume that children with CI who have a strong language development will also show a healthy social-emotional development.
Mathematical description and analysis of adaptive risk choice behavior

Which risk should one choose when facing alternatives with different levels of risk? We discuss here adaptive processes in such risk choice behavior by generalizing the study of Roos et al. [2010]. We deal with an n-choice game in which every player sequentially chooses n times of lotteries of which there are two types: a safe lottery and a risky lottery. We analyze this model in more detail by elaborating the game. Based on the results of mathematical analysis, replicator dynamics analysis, and numerical simulations, we derived some salient features of risk choice behavior. We show that all the risk strategies can be divided into two groups: persistence and nonpersistence. We also proved that the dynamics with perturbation in which a mutation is installed is globally asymptotically stable to a unique equilibrium point for any initial population. The numerical simulations clarify that the number of persistent strategies seldom increases regardless of the increase in n, and suggest that a rarity of dominant choice strategies is widely observed in many social contexts. These facts not only go hand-in-hand with some well-known insights from prospect theory, but may also provide some theoretical hypotheses for various fields such as behavioral economics, ecology, sociology, and consumer behavioral theory.
PolyNet: A Pursuit of Structural Diversity in Very Deep Networks

A number of studies have shown that increasing the depth or width of convolutional networks is a rewarding approach to improve the performance of image recognition. In our study, however, we observed difficulties along both directions. On one hand, the pursuit for very deep networks is met with a diminishing return and increased training difficulty, on the other hand, widening a network would result in a quadratic growth in both computational cost and memory demand. These difficulties motivate us to explore structural diversity in designing deep networks, a new dimension beyond just depth and width. Specifically, we present a new family of modules, namely the PolyInception, which can be flexibly inserted in isolation or in a composition as replacements of different parts of a network. Choosing PolyInception modules with the guidance of architectural efficiency can improve the expressive power while preserving comparable computational cost. The Very Deep PolyNet, designed following this direction, demonstrates substantial improvements over the state-of-the-art on the ILSVRC 2012 benchmark. Compared to Inception-ResNet-v2, it reduces the top-5 validation error on single crops from 4.9% to 4.25%, and that on multi-crops from 3.7% to 3.45%.
Transcription factors that regulate monocyte/macrophage differentiation

Although all the cells in an organism contain the same genetic information, differences in the cell phenotype arise from the expression of lineage‐specific genes. During myelopoiesis, external differentiating signals regulate the expression of a set of transcription factors. The combined action of these transcription factors subsequently determines the expression of myeloid‐specific genes and the generation of monocytes and macrophages. In particular, the transcription factor PU.1 has a critical role in this process. We review the contribution of several transcription factors to the control of macrophage development. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 405–417; 1998.
The Coevolution of Economic and Political Development

This paper establishes a simple model of long run economic and political development, which is driven by the inherent technical features of different production factors, and political conflicts among factor owners on how to divide the outputs. The main capital form in economy evolves from land to physical capital and then to human capital, which enables their respective owners (landlords, capitalists, and workers) to gain political powers in the same sequence, shaping the political development path from monarchy to elite ruling and finally to full suffrage. When it is too costly for any group of factor owners to repress others, political compromise is reached and economic progress is not blocked; otherwise, the political conflicts may lead to economic stagnation.
Instability of scale-free networks under node-breaking avalanches

The instability introduced in a large scale-free network by the triggering of node-breaking avalanches is analyzed using the fiber-bundle model as conceptual framework. We found, by measuring the size of the giant component, the avalanche size distribution and other quantities, the existence of an abrupt transition. This test of strength for complex networks like Internet is more stringent than others recently considered like the random removal of nodes, analyzed within the framework of percolation theory. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of our results and their relevance in forecasting cascading failures in scale-free networks.
The Lyα Forest of the Quasar in the Hubble Deep Field South

The quasar in the Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S), J2233-606 (zem=2.23), has been observed exhaustively by ground-based telescopes and by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope at low, medium, and high resolution in the spectral interval from 1120 to 10000 Å. The combined data give continuous coverage of the Lyα forest from redshift 0.9 to 2.24. This very large baseline represents a unique opportunity to study in detail the distribution of clouds associated with emitting structures in the field of the quasar and in nearby fields already observed as part of the HDF-S campaign. Here we report on the main properties obtained from the large spectroscopic data set that is available for the Lyα clouds in the intermediate-redshift range of 1.20-2.20, where our present knowledge has been complicated by the difficulty in producing good data. The number density is shown to be higher than what is expected by extrapolating the results from both lower and higher redshifts: 63±8 lines with logNH I≥14.0 are found (including metal systems) at ⟨z⟩=1.7, compared with the ~40 lines predicted by extrapolating from previous studies. The redshift distribution of the Lyα clouds shows a region spanning z≃1.383-1.460 (comoving size of 94 h−165 Mpc, Ω0=1) with a low density of absorption lines; we detect five lines in this region, compared with the 16 expected from an average density along the line of sight. The two-point correlation function shows a positive signal up to scales of about 3 h−165 Mpc and an amplitude that is larger for larger H I column densities. The average Doppler parameter is about 27 km s−1, which is comparable to the mean value found at z>3, thus casting doubts on the temperature evolution of the Lyα clouds.