Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superradiant instabilities in astrophysical systems

Light bosonic degrees of freedom have become a serious candidate for dark matter, which seems to pervade our entire Universe. The evolution of these fields around curved spacetimes is poorly understood but is expected to display interesting effects. In particular, the interaction of light bosonic fields with supermassive black holes, key players in most galaxies, could provide colorful examples of superradiance and nonlinear bosenovalike collapse. In turn, the observation of spinning black holes is expected to impose stringent bounds on the mass of putative massive bosonic fields in our Universe. Our purpose here is to present a comprehensive study of the evolution of linearized massive scalar and vector fields in the vicinities of rotating black holes. The evolution of generic initial data has a very rich structure, depending on the mass of the field and of the black hole. Quasinormal ringdown or exponential decay followed by a power-law tail at very late times is a generic feature of massless fields at intermediate times. Massive fields generically show a transition to power-law tails early on. For a certain boson field mass range, the field can become trapped in a potential barrier outside the horizon and transition to a bound state. Because there are a number of such quasibound states, the generic outcome is an amplitude modulated sinusoidal, or beating, signal, whose envelope is well described by the two lowest overtones. We believe that the appearance of such beatings has gone unnoticed in the past, and in fact mistaken for exponential growth. The amplitude modulation of the signal depends strongly on the relative excitation of the overtones, which in turn is strongly tied to the bound state geography. A fine-tuning of the initial data allows one to see the evolution of the nearly pure bound state mode that turns unstable for sufficiently large black hole (BH) rotation. For the first time we explore massive vector fields in a generic black hole background that are difficult, if not impossible, to separate in the Kerr background. Our results show that spinning BHs are generically strongly unstable against massive vector fields.
Thermal neutron capture in silicon.

The prompt gamma-rays from thermal nuteron capture in {sup 28,29,30}Si have been studied and the radiative capture cross sections determined as 207{plus minus}4, 120{plus minus}3 and 107{plus minus}2 mb, respectively. There has been a marked increase in the number of transitions observed in {sup 29}Si and a complete decay scheme for this nucleus is presented. Two primary {ital E}2 transitions in {sup 29}Si have been observed and their partial cross sections are compared with the prediction of the direct capture formalism. The measured neutron separation energies are {ital S}{sub {ital n}}({sup 29}Si)=8473.61{plus minus}0.04 keV, {ital S}{sub {ital n}}({sup 30}Si)=10 609.21{plus minus}0.04 keV, and {ital S}{sub {ital n}}({sup 31}Si)=6587.32{plus minus}0.20 keV.
Institutional Sources of Practice Variation: Staffing College and University Recycling Programs

In this paper, I examine how variation arises in the staffing of recycling programs at colleges and universities. Through initial fieldwork, I identified two basic recycling program forms. Some schools adopted recycling programs that entailed the creation of new, full-time recycling manager positions that were filled by ecological activists. Other schools adopted more minimalist programs that were staffed by current employees who were more ecologically ambivalent and assumed recycling management responsibilities as a part-time, additional duty. Results of a subsequent survey of a population of colleges and universities show that this variation in staffing was importantly shaped by the Student Environmental Action Coalition, a national social movement organization that provided resources and support to student environmental groups at particular schools. Implications for the study of how field-level organizations shape the content of organizational practices are discussed.
An Ultra Low Power Pulse Oximeter Sensor Based on Compressed Sensing

We describe an ultra low power pulse oximeter sensor for long term, non-invasive monitoring of SpO2 and heart rate in Body Area Networks (BAN). Commercial pulse oximeter sensors consume about 20-60 mW of power during continuous operation. Other researchers have shown that accurate and noise robust wireless pulse oximeter sensors can be designed to operate with as little as 1.5 mW. The LEDs consume bulk of the power budget in pulse oximeter sensors. In this work, we describe a compressed sensing approach to sample the photodetector output, so that the LEDs can be turned off for longer periods and thus save sensor power. We randomly sample Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals with about 10-40x fewer samples than with uniform sampling and demonstrate that the accuracy of heart rate estimation and blood pressure estimation are not compromised, using MIMIC database. This provides power savings of the order of 10-40x for a pulse oximeter sensor, by reducing the duration LEDs need to be turned on.
Learning achievement in upper secondary school chemistry in Thailand: some remarkable sex reversals

The problems of girls’ underachievement in school science and in particular the physical sciences, has been widely documented in recent years. The findings of this study in Thailand do not confirm the previous findings. Girls in upper secondary schools outperform their boy counterparts in practical skills, theoretical knowledge of chemistry and attitudes to science. The differences in practical skills are greater in the earlier grades, but in theoretical knowledge the larger differences are in the later grades. These findings negate the possible validity of a biological interpretation of these sorts of sex differences. Some of the possible social sources of bias common in the school systems of Western societies are not present in Thailand. The majority of chemistry teachers are women and curriculum development was in the hands of women. However, the content of the course and its accompanying materials are not obviously very different from modern chemistry courses elsewhere. On the other hand, there does a.
Organizational socialization of volunteers: the effect on their intention to remain

Identifying the factors affecting the retention of volunteers in their activities is one of the main objectives for researchers and volunteer managers. There have been many studies with this aim and many factors affecting sustained volunteerism have been identified. However, one of the limits of these models is the low percentage of explained variance, which indicates that there are other additional factors, yet unidentified, which may have an important influence in the prediction of durability as a volunteer. In our study, we intend to analyze the effect that some factors of organizational socialization of volunteers have on their intention to remain volunteers. In particular, we will focus on the level of integration in the organization, evaluated from five variables: social networks, training, understanding, social support inside the organization, and characteristics of the job they perform. The statistical analysis shows that social networks, organizational support, positive task, and formation are highly significant predictors of the intention to remain a volunteer. These four variables explain 29% of the variability of the dependent variable, while the variables understanding and social support of the volunteers were excluded from the regression equation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revisiting the Relationships among Gender, Marital Status, and Mental Health1

Three decades ago, Gove introduced his sex‐role theory of mental illness, which attributes women’s higher rates of psychological distress to their roles in society. Central to his hypothesis is that marriage is emotionally advantageous for men and disadvantageous for women. This article revisits this topic with data from the National Survey of Families and Households. The analyses indicate that the emotional benefits of marriage apply equally to men and women, but that men and women respond to marital transitions with different types of emotional problems. The implications of these findings for future research on gender and mental health are discussed.
Stigmatisation of mental illness and its impact on recruitment of medical students to a career in psychiatry

The stigmatisation of mental illness in Australian and other Western societies is now well documented. This article presents a description of the 'stigmatisation' problem associated with mental illness, and discusses the impact that this problem has had on the demand for Psychiatry as a career. The approach taken at UWA to address the 'recruitment crisis' through the use of innovative teaching strategies is then described. Preliminary evidence on the efficacy of the approach is also presented. These strategies may provide a model for other universities making effort to bolster the numbers of medical students who pursue careers in Psychiatry.
Initial encounters of an FE kind

The discussion of students’ initial encounters in this paper is based upon data from a research project funded by the ESRC as part of the Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP) extension to Wales programme. The research investigated the experiences of ‘Learning and Working in Further Education Colleges in Wales’ and followed the learning journeys of both students and teachers over two years (2005–2007). The analysis of students’ journals, observational data and initial interviews suggests that crossing the threshold of a further education college is not a straightforward action. Those transferring directly from secondary school or who had briefly left formal education, for employment or perhaps for early parenthood, reported feelings of discontinuity. Older returners to study described anxieties and self‐doubt about their capacity to learn. Using the voices and texts of its research participants, the paper is able to illustrate the ways in which students make sense of their initial experiences in further education.
Are patients with chronic low back pain or chronic neck pain fatigued?

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were the following: to determine if fatigue is present in chronic low back pain (LBP) and chronic neck pain patients to a greater extent than in controls (nonpatients); to determine which variables are associated with the presence of fatigue; and to determine which of the above chronic pain patient (CPP) groups is more fatigued. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such study in the literature. DESIGN Totals of 175 chronic LBP and 33 chronic neck pain patients completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), and Beck Depression Inventory rating scales on admission. In addition, an information tool was completed on each CPP and contained the following information: demographics, primary and secondary pain diagnoses, DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses assigned, pain location, pain precipitating event, type of injury, years in pain, number of surgeries, types of surgery, type of pain pattern, opioids consumed per day in morphine equivalents, workers' compensation status, and whether, according to the clinical examination, the pain did or did not have a neuropathic component. Scores on the MFI were then compared with published norms for controls (nonpatients) via chi-squared tests. Bivariate analyses were conducted between the MFI subscales and the variables selected for analysis. Pearson correlations, analyses of variance, and t-tests were used to test for relationships between MFI scale scores and the appropriate variables. In the next step of the analysis, stepwise regression analyses were used to predict each of the MFI subscale scores using the variables that were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) related to fatigue by the preceding analysis. In the final analysis, the variables that were significant predictors of the fatigue subscales were controlled for as covariates in an analysis of variance in order to determine if chronic LBP patients had scores on the MFI subscales that were significantly different from those of chronic neck pain patients. SETTING Multidisciplinary pain facility. PATIENTS Chronic LBP and chronic neck pain patients. RESULTS Chronic LBP and chronic neck pain patients were found to be significantly more fatigued than controls (nonpatients). Most of the MFI subscale scores could be predicted by four major variables: presence of neuropathic pain, female gender, presence of depression, and total number of DSM-IV diagnoses. Chronic LBP patients were as fatigued as chronic neck pain patients. CONCLUSIONS The complaint of fatigue appears to be a significant problem for chronic LBP and chronic neck pain patients. This complaint may be associated with neuropathic pain, female gender, and psychiatric comorbidities.
Abstract Thinking about Negative Events in Dysphoric Students Leads to Negative Generalization

The severity of many psychological disorders is associated with an increasing amount of different stimuli or situations that elicit a maladaptive response. This is known as the process of (over)-generalization and is often characteristic of individuals with emotional disorders. Recently, abstract repetitive thought has been proposed to be a transdiagnostic marker in several disorders (e.g., worry in anxiety; rumination in depression). The present study examined the impact of an abstract thinking style (compared to a more concrete thinking style) as a mechanism that contributes to generalization. Students (N = 83) were trained in either an abstract or concrete thinking mode and then completed a learning phase and finally a generalization test phase. High dysphoric students showed more negative generalization in the abstract condition compared to the concrete condition. For low dysphoric participants, the two thinking styles did not result in a difference in generalization. Implications for the transdiagnostic value of an abstract processing style in depression and anxiety are discussed.
Pictures in the classroom: can teachers and mental health professionals identify maltreated children's drawings?

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether teachers and mental health professionals are able to identify drawings produced by maltreated children, at a level greater than chance, when these drawings are presented to them at the same time as drawings created by non-maltreated matched control children. In a relatively small study, a group of 33 mental health practitioners (MHPs) and a group of 10 teachers were shown sets of drawings and asked whether they could identify the maltreated children's drawings. It was found that there was no significant difference between mental health practitioner and teacher groups in identifying child maltreatment from Favourite Kind of Day Drawings (FKDs) (Manning, 1987) and Kinetic Family Drawings (KFD) (Burns and Kaufman, 1970). The results also point to the KFD as a more reliable drawing technique, but only when it is known that maltreatment is definitely present, and in a situation with no a priori knowledge it should not be used for the identification of maltreatment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lucid loneliness of the gatekeeper: exploring the emotional dimension in principals’ work lives

Based on a secondary analysis of studies on Flemish primary schools, the article argues that the metaphor of the gatekeeper, on the threshold between the outside‐school and the inside‐school world, is a powerful frame to capture some of the particular complexities of principals’ emotional experience of themselves and their working conditions. More in particular, the image allows for a more refined and in‐depth understanding of the emotional and relational aspects in the position and role of the principal. Apart from depicting the working conditions of leadership in terms of the gatekeeper‐image, the authors contend that the inevitable normative character of education contributes to a sense of vulnerability and emotionality in leadership. Two themes appeared to be prominent in principals’ experience of their gatekeeper’s position: first, being caught in a web of conflicting loyalties and second, the struggle between loneliness and belonging. Underneath these themes—it is argued—lies the issue of the principal’s professional self in the particular school. The article concludes with suggestions for the training of (future) principals.
Collateral Damage: The Impact of Work Stoppages on Student Performance in Ontario

This study concludes that (i) stoppages can be shown to have a strong negative impact on student learning outcomes in Grade 6; the overall impact of stoppages on Grade 3 pupils appears to be much smaller, perhaps zero, although there is a noticeable, negative effect on achievement in mathematics; and, work stoppages have much greater adverse effects on students in both Grade 3 and Grade 6 in schools where more students come from disadvantaged backgrounds.
The Legal Environments of Organizations

Sociology has recently witnessed a rapprochement between research on organizations and research on law. This essay reviews a number of central developments and tendencies in this emerging literature, with a particular emphasis on the characteristics of law as an element of the organizational environment. We begin by distinguishing two metatheoretical perspectives on law and organizations: the materialist perspective, which portrays organizations as rational wealth-maximizers and sees the law as a system of substantive incentives and penalties; and the cultural perspective, which portrays organizations as cultural rule-followers and sees the law as a system of moral principles, scripted roles, and sacred symbols. Within each of these traditions, we examine three distinct facets of organizations' legal environments: the facilitative environment, in which law passively provides an arena for organizational action; the regulatory environment, in which law actively seeks to control organizational behavior; and .
High frequency of germline p53 mutations in childhood adrenocortical cancer.

BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ADCC) is a rare childhood cancer, affecting three of 1 million children younger than 16 years old in the United States. ADCC may be found in association with the Li-Fraumeni and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes. Children with ADCC are also at substantially increased risk of second primary cancers. Because of these associations, it is believed that the genetic basis for ADCC is stronger than for most childhood malignancies. Germline mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are associated with cancer predisposition in families with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome as well as in individuals with sporadically occurring component tumors of the syndrome. PURPOSE We investigated the possibility that germline TP53 gene alterations existed in children with ADCC. METHODS Sixteen children with ADCC under the age of 18 were identified from searches of medial oncology records at three Canadian hospitals. Eleven of these 16 patients identified were alive. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.8 years (range, 1-17 years). Family histories were obtained for 11 unselected children with ADCC (six girls and five boys). Pathologic confirmation of tumor diagnosis was obtained from the medical records. Using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis followed by single-strand DNA sequencing, genomic DNA extracted from whole blood was analyzed for the presence of TP53 mutations for six living ADCC patients. RESULTS Three of six (50%) children were found to carry germline TP53 mutations in exons 5, 6, and 7, respectively. Both wild-type and mutant alleles were identified in all three TP53 sequences, indicating that the patients were heterozygous for germline TP53 mutations. None of these children was from a family with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The mutation in one child was shown to be inherited from the mother, who subsequently developed breast cancer. A striking excess of cancer was found in one family of a patient carrying wild-type TP53. CONCLUSIONS Our observation of a high frequency of germline TP53 mutations in children with sporadic ADCC suggests that these children may represent probands with which to ascertain Li-Fraumeni syndrome families. It may be reasonable for children with adrenocortical carcinoma to be candidates for germline TP53 analysis. In light of the wealth of information in the Li-Fraumeni literature that associates germline TP53 mutations with a variety of malignancies, this testing may have important consequences for risk assessment for other close relatives, including early-onset breast cancer in the mothers.
Nonprofit Organizations Becoming Business-Like

By now, the becoming business-like of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) is a well-established global phenomenon that has received ever-growing attention from management and organization studies. However, the field remains hard to grasp in its entirety, as researchers use a multitude of similar, yet distinct, key concepts. The considerable range and complexity of these overlapping notions create major challenges: Scholars struggle to position their work in a larger context; it is not easy to build on previous findings and methodological developments; and research gaps are difficult to identify. The present article presents the first systematic literature review to confront those challenges by reviewing 599 relevant sources. In a first step, various key concepts are clarified. Second, the field is mapped according to three research foci: causes of NPOs becoming business-like, organizational structures and processes of becoming business-like, and effects of becoming business-like. From this, we draw conclusions and make suggestions for further research.
The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents as Related to Parent Education Level and Race/Ethnicity in Children

This study explores associations between scores on the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), parent education level, and race/ethnicity in a normative sample of 450 children. Small but significant associations were found between parent education level and the RSCA Sense of Relatedness Scale score. Race/ethnicity did not contribute unique variance when parent education level was controlled. Cette recherche explore les relations entre les scores sur les Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA; Prince-Embury, 2007; Échelles de résilience pour enfants et adolescents), le niveau de scolarité des parents et la race/l'ethnie chez un échantillon normatif de 450 enfants. Des associations petites, mais significatives, ont été observées entre la scolarité des parents et le score sur la sous-échelle « Sentiment d'appartenance » des RSCA. Par contre, la variance unique de la race/ethnie n'était pas significative lorsque nous contrôlions pour la scolarité des parents.