Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing product adoption in social networks

One of the key objectives of viral marketing is to identify a small set of users in a social network, who when convinced to adopt a product will influence others in the network leading to a large number of adoptions in an expected sense. The seminal work of Kempe et al. [13] approaches this as the problem of influence maximization. This and other previous papers tacitly assume that a user who is influenced (or, informed) about a product necessarily adopts the product and encourages her friends to adopt it. However, an influenced user may not adopt the product herself, and yet form an opinion based on the experiences of her friends, and share this opinion with others. Furthermore, a user who adopts the product may not like the product and hence not encourage her friends to adopt it to the same extent as another user who adopted and liked the product. This is independent of the extent to which those friends are influenced by her. Previous works do not account for these phenomena. We argue that it is important to distinguish product adoption from influence. We propose a model that factors in a user's experience (or projected experience) with a product. We adapt the classical Linear Threshold (LT) propagation model by defining an objective function that explicitly captures product adoption, as opposed to influence. We show that under our model, adoption maximization is NP-hard and the objective function is monotone and submodular, thus admitting an approximation algorithm. We perform experiments on three real popular social networks and show that our model is able to distinguish between influence and adoption, and predict product adoption much more accurately than approaches based on the classical LT model.
Number Processing and Heterogeneity of Developmental Dyscalculia

This study investigated if developmental dyscalculia (DD) in children with different profiles of mathematical deficits has the same or different cognitive origins. The defective approximate number system hypothesis and the access deficit hypothesis were tested using two different groups of children with DD (11–13 years old): a group with arithmetic fact dyscalculia (AFD) and a group with general dyscalculia (GD). Several different aspects of number magnitude processing were assessed in these two groups and compared with age-matched typically achieving children. The GD group displayed weaknesses with both symbolic and nonsymbolic number processing, whereas the AFD group displayed problems only with symbolic number processing. These findings provide evidence that the origins of DD in children with different profiles of mathematical problems diverge. Children with GD have impairment in the innate approximate number system, whereas children with AFD suffer from an access deficit. These findings have implications for researchers’ selection procedures when studying dyscalculia, and also for practitioners in the educational setting.
Cars and Drivers in the New Suburbs: Linking Access to Travel in Neotraditional Planning

Various 'new suburb' land use designs have recently been proposed to address a number of social and environmental problems, including the dominance of automobile travel. Transportation benefits are to be accomplished by reducing the surface street distance between locations, mixing land uses, and promoting walking, bicycling and transit via redesigned streets and street-scapes. That auto travel will fall is a largely unchallenged premise of these designs, though what little evidence exists is either weak or contrary. This paper presents a simple behavioral model to explain why. Generally speaking, driving is both discouraged and facilitated in the new suburbs, with the net effect being an empirical matter. In particular, both the number of automobile trips and vehicle-miles traveled can actually increase with an increase in access, such as a move to a more grid-like land use pattern. Whatever the merits of neotraditional and transit-oriented designs, and there are many, their transportation benefits have thus been oversold. Each development must be evaluated on a case by case basis to determine whether its net impact on auto use is positive or negative. An analytical framework for doing so is suggested.
High-Velocity Clouds: Building Blocks of the Local Group

We suggest that the high-velocity clouds (HVCs) are large clouds, with typical diameters of 25 kpc, containing 3×107 M☉ of neutral gas and 3×108 M☉ of dark matter, falling onto the Local Group; altogether the HVCs contain 1010 M☉ of neutral gas. Our reexamination of the Local Group hypothesis for the HVCs connects their properties to the hierarchical structure formation scenario and to the gas seen in absorption toward quasars. We show that at least one HVC complex (besides the Magellanic Stream) must be extragalactic at a distance of more than 40 kpc from the Galactic center, with a diameter greater than 20 kpc and a mass of more than 108 M☉. We discuss a number of other clouds that are positionally associated with the Local Group galaxies, and we show that the entire ensemble of HVCs is inconsistent with a Galactic origin. The observed kinematics imply rather that the HVCs are falling toward the Local Group barycenter. We simulate the dynamical evolution of the Local Group and find that material falling onto the Local Group reproduces the location of two of the three most significant groupings of clouds and the kinematics of the entire cloud ensemble (excluding the Magellanic Stream). We interpret the third grouping (the A, C, and M complexes) as the nearest HVC. It is tidally unstable and is falling onto the Galactic disk. We interpret the more distant HVCs as gas contained within dark matter "minihalos" moving along filaments toward the Local Group. Most poor galaxy groups should contain similar H I clouds bound to the group at large distances from the individual galaxies. We suggest that the HVCs are local analogs of the Lyman limit absorbing clouds observed against distant quasars. Our picture implies that the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk is governed by episodic infall of metal-poor HVC gas that only slowly mixes with the rest of the interstellar medium. We argue that there is a Galactic fountain in the Milky Way, but that the fountain does not explain the origin of the HVCs. Our analysis of the H I data leads to the detection of a vertical infall of low-velocity gas toward the plane and implies that the H I disk is not in hydrostatic equilibrium. We suggest that the fountain is manifested mainly by relatively local neutral gas with characteristic velocities of 6 km s-1 rather than 100 km s-1. The Local Group infall hypothesis makes a number of testable predictions. The HVCs should have subsolar metallicities. Their Hα emission should be less than that seen from the Magellanic Stream. The clouds should not be seen in absorption against nearby stars. The clouds should be detectable in both emission and absorption around other galaxy groups. We show that current observations are consistent with these predictions and discuss future tests.
Heightened sensitivity to reward and punishment in anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to test whether females with anorexia nervosa (AN) have increased sensitivity to punishing or rewarding stimuli, behaviors that could drive high self-control and anxious, avoidant behaviors. METHOD Sixty-four females completed the study: 33 control females (CFs, mean age 19.7 years) and 31 females with AN (mean age 19.6 years). Participants completed diagnostic exams, questionnaires for eating disorder severity and personality, and the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). RESULTS Females with AN scored higher than CFs on SPSRQ sensitivity to punishment (p < 0.00001) and sensitivity to reward (p = 0.005). Females with AN without anxiety or depression continued to have increased SPSRQ scores compared to CFs. DISCUSSION This is the first study comparing the SPSRQ in females with AN and CFs. Results suggest that reward and punishment sensitivity are increased in females with AN and could be potential trait markers. It is possible that harm-avoidant, anxious behaviors in females with AN are related to this heightened sensitivity.
TIC et performance d’entreprise : Étude d’impact - cas de quelques entreprises Algeriennes

Il est reconnu que les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC), sont un vecteur de l‘evolution de la performance de l’entreprise. Cependant, la question de l’evaluation de leur impact sur la performance reste encore posee, quoique la litterature propose des tentatives de reponses. Cet article se propose d’aborder cette question a travers l’etude des effets intermediaires, induits par les telecommunications, les logiciels et la formation, sur l’amelioration de la qualite des produits, l’amelioration des processus, l’augmentation de la flexibilite, d’une part, et au role des utilisateurs comme un determinant potentiel de succes des TIC dans l’organisation d’autre part. Cette problematique est abordee a travers une etude de cas de quelques entreprises Algeriennes. Les resultats de cette etude, nous permettent d’affirmer que les TIC ne sont que des outils qui peuvent exercer des effets positifs ou negatifs sur la performance de l’entreprise; tout depend de la strategie organisationnelle et des finalites attendus de leur usage. Mots Clefs : TIC, organisation et management, Usage, Impact, Performance, Entreprises Algeriennes.
Investigation of the Radio Frequency Identification Assimilation Process in China: A Stage‐based Model Perspective

RFID (Radio frequency identification) is an emerging technology that attracts much attention of supply chain participants recently. However, most Chinese supply chain participants just adopt this innovation without making further steps to fully utilize its benefits. Extant IS research on this technology only focuses on factors that impact its organizational adoption. According to assimilation theory, most information technologies exhibit an ‘assimilation gap’ which means widespread usage tends to lag behind their adoption. However, a technology can only achieve its greatest benefits through full‐scale deeper diffusion into the organization's daily operations besides physical adoption. Drawing upon TOE framework, we propose a stage‐based model to investigate factors that influence the assimilation of RFID into an organization in China. Moreover, we investigate these factors' changing effect across different assimilation stages in the Chinese context that is addressed little in the existing literature.
Variability in children's use of grammatical morphemes

Abstract The authors analyzed 104 language samples, obtained from 42 different normal language learning children at 25, 29, and 35 months of age, for the proportional use of 11 grammatical morphemes: plural -s, possessive 's, progressive -ing, regular and irregular past, and regular and irregular present, as well as the contractible and uncontractible forms of the copula and auxiliary to be. Wide variability was found among the samples in the proportional use of each morpheme, whether the samples were grouped by age or mean length of utterance (MLU). At ages 25 and 29 months, the range of proportional use was over . 95 for 9 of the 11 morphemes, and at 35 months, it was . 50 or greater for 8. At an MLU level of 2.50–2.99, the range of scores was . 90 or greater for 8 of the morphemes, and over . 65 for the remaining 3. By MLUs of 4.00 or more, ranges had narrowed but were still . 50 or greater for 4 of the morphemes. Rank order of acquisition by MLU level varied somewhat from that previously reported in the literature (e.g., contractible copula was ranked higher and irregular past was ranked lower than has been reported in other studies). Correlations of MLU and morpheme use ranged from . 11 to . 74, with rho > . 60 for only 3 and <. 35 for 4 morphemes. Comparisons of these data with those reported in the literature on specifically language-impaired (SLI) children indicated that group means were generally lower for SLI children, but that many of the SLI children's scores overlapped with those of the children studied here.
Transmission of varicella zoster virus from individuals with herpes zoster or varicella in school and day care settings.

BACKGROUND Because the varicella incidence has declined following varicella vaccine licensure, herpes zoster (HZ) cases may play a larger role in varicella zoster virus (VZV) transmission. We investigated how HZ and varicella cases contribute to the varicella incidence in schools and day care centers. METHODS Surveillance data collected in Philadelphia during September 2003-June 2010 were analyzed. A varicella case was considered to be sporadic if it was reported from a school or day care facility >6 weeks after or ≥10 days before other reports of VZV transmission. A varicella case was considered to be secondary if it occurred 10-21 days after report of a case of HZ or sporadic varicella. Analysis compared VZV transmission from individuals with HZ or sporadic varicella, stratified by varicella vaccination status and disease severity. RESULTS Of 290 HZ cases reported, 27 (9%) resulted in 84 secondary varicella cases. Of 1358 sporadic varicella cases reported, 205 (15%) resulted in 564 secondary varicella cases. Approximately half of the HZ and sporadic varicella cases resulted in single secondary cases. The proportion of individuals who had secondary cases with mild disease was similar for those exposed to HZ and those exposed to varicella (70% and 72%, respectively). VZV transmission was highest from unvaccinated individuals with sporadic varicella (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS VZV transmission from individuals with HZ contributes to varicella morbidity. More research is needed to understand risk factors and guide recommendations for preventing VZV transmission from individuals with HZ.
Energy Efficient Multihop Routing scheme with in Network Aggregation for WSN

This paper introduces an energy efficient, multi-hop routing scheme, with in-network aggregation. The technique uses clustering as the base of our algorithm. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is implemented over clustering algorithm for multi-hop routing. This reduces amount of direct transmissions from CHs to BS. The technique work in three phases: (a) clustering, (b) intracluster communication, (c) inter-cluster communication. LEACH is implemented for clustering, which generates randomly distributed clusters. Then cluster members send data directly to their cluster head. Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) is used for communication between cluster-heads and base-station. Use of clustering minimizes the transmission of redundant data by data aggregation at the cluster-head level. ACO tends to search shortest and energy efficient route. The results shows lower power consumption and lower average cost (distance) and thus longer lifetime.
Enhancement of Two-Factor User Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are widely used for applications such as environmental monitoring, airport safety, health care, etc. For user authentication, in 2009, Das proposed a two-factor user authentication scheme in wireless sensor networks. They claimed that this scheme provided efficiency, strong security, and user anonymity property. However, we find that Das’s scheme is still vulnerable to masquerade attack and cannot achieve user anonymity. This paper will propose an improvement to remedy the weakness of Das’s scheme.
Evaluation of Cartosat-1 Multi-Scale Digital Surface Modelling Over France

On 5 May 2005, the Indian Space Research Organization launched Cartosat-1, the eleventh satellite of its constellation, dedicated to the stereo viewing of the Earth's surface for terrain modeling and large-scale mapping, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (India). In early 2006, the Indian Space Research Organization started the Cartosat-1 Scientific Assessment Programme, jointly established with the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Within this framework, this study evaluated the capabilities of digital surface modeling from Cartosat-1 stereo data for the French test sites of Mausanne les Alpilles and Salon de Provence. The investigation pointed out that for hilly territories it is possible to produce high-resolution digital surface models with a root mean square error less than 7.1 m and a linear error at 90% confidence level less than 9.5 m. The accuracy of the generated digital surface models also fulfilled the requirements of the French Reference 3D®, so Cartosat-1 data may be used to produce or update such kinds of products.
Effects of Fluoxetine on Testis of Albino rats - A Histological Assessment

Fluoxetine is a long acting widely used antidepressant, prototype of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), with a plasma half-life of 2 days. The present study was carried out to see the histopathological effects of Fluoxetine on the testis of adult albino rats. Fluoxetine was administered intraperitoneally to rats for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks with mild (10mg/kg/day), moderate (20mg/kg/day) and severe doses (40mg/kg/day). Histological slides were prepared and stained with H and E stain. On examination, distortion of seminiferous tubules, decreased thickness of germinal epithelium, decreased diameter of seminiferous tubules and decreased counts of germinal cell lineage were found in treated groups. antidepressant, prototype of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), with a plasma half-life of 2 days. Its active demethylated metabolite has a half-life of 7-10 days. It is used in children above 7 years and in adults on the basis of its efficacy and lower side effect profile (1). Fluoxetine inhibits the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (Serotonin) reuptake. Increased synaptic availability of serotonin stimulates a large number of postsynaptic (5-HT) receptor subtypes which lead to complex secondary responses including gastrointestinal disturbances and sexual side effects which include loss of libido, delayed ejaculation, anorgasmia and impaired orgasm, decreased testicular development and decreased Sertoli cell population, which may lead to infertility in adults2. Depression may also be associated with sexual disturbances especially reduced libido (2),(3). For psychiatric illnesses (Depression and anxiety) the SSRIs are used for a long duration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Fluoxetine in short term and long term therapy by studying the histological changes in various cells of the testis in albino rats. 2 Materials and Methods
Practical and Effective Approaches to Dealing With Clustered Data

Cluster-robust standard errors (as implemented by the eponymous cluster option in Stata) can produce misleading inferences when the number of clusters G is small, even if the model is consistent and there are many observations in each cluster. Nevertheless, political scientists commonly employ this method in data sets with few clusters. The contributions of this paper are: (a) developing new and easy-to-use Stata and R packages that implement alternative uncertainty measures robust to small G, and (b) explaining and providing evidence for the advantages of these alternatives, especially cluster-adjusted t-statistics based on Ibragimov and Müller. To illustrate these advantages, we reanalyze recent work where results are based on cluster-robust standard errors.
Leaf chlorophyll content as a proxy for leaf photosynthetic capacity

Improving the accuracy of estimates of forest carbon exchange is a central priority for understanding ecosystem response to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and improving carbon cycle modelling. However, the spatially continuous parameterization of photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax) at global scales and appropriate temporal intervals within terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) remains unresolved. This research investigates the use of biochemical parameters for modelling leaf photosynthetic capacity within a deciduous forest. Particular attention is given to the impacts of seasonality on both leaf biophysical variables and physiological processes, and their interdependent relationships. Four deciduous tree species were sampled across three growing seasons (2013–2015), approximately every 10 days for leaf chlorophyll content (ChlLeaf) and canopy structure. Leaf nitrogen (NArea) was also measured during 2014. Leaf photosynthesis was measured during 2014–2015 using a Li‐6400 gas‐exchange system, with A‐Ci curves to model Vcmax. Results showed that seasonality and variations between species resulted in weak relationships between Vcmax normalized to 25°C ( Vcmax25 ) and NArea (R2 = 0.62, P < 0.001), whereas ChlLeaf demonstrated a much stronger correlation with Vcmax25 (R2 = 0.78, P < 0.001). The relationship between ChlLeaf and NArea was also weak (R2 = 0.47, P < 0.001), possibly due to the dynamic partitioning of nitrogen, between and within photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic fractions. The spatial and temporal variability of Vcmax25 was mapped using Landsat TM/ETM satellite data across the forest site, using physical models to derive ChlLeaf. TBMs largely treat photosynthetic parameters as either fixed constants or varying according to leaf nitrogen content. This research challenges assumptions that simple NArea– Vcmax25 relationships can reliably be used to constrain photosynthetic capacity in TBMs, even within the same plant functional type. It is suggested that ChlLeaf provides a more accurate, direct proxy for Vcmax25 and is also more easily retrievable from satellite data. These results have important implications for carbon modelling within deciduous ecosystems.
Analysis of Cylindrical Dielectric Resonators in Rectangular Cavities Using a State-Space Integral-Equation Method

In this letter, a state-space integral-equation method in the s-domain has been employed for the accurate analysis of rectangular cavities loaded with cylindrical dielectric resonators. The dielectric obstacles have been treated in terms of their polarization equivalent charge and current densities. The dielectric resonator can be placed at any arbitrary position inside the cavity. The presented technique allows to calculate in a very efficient way a large number of solenoidal modes. The resonant frequencies of dielectric-loaded cavities are calculated and compared with data from literature and a commercial finite element method software, showing a good agreement
A cross-national comparison of test anxiety in Swedish and Finnish grade 3 pupils: Measured by the CTAS

The education systems in Sweden and Finland have different formal and informal testing traditions. A recognised possible adverse effect of testing is test anxiety among pupils and students which may have a negative impact on examination performance. Research into which factors of testing practice affect the levels of test anxiety in younger pupils in real classroom settings is a neglected area internationally yet holds great importance for school practitioners. A cross-national study was conducted to determine whether there are any differences in test anxiety between groups of young pupils in Sweden and Finland, as measured by the Children’s Test Anxiety Scale (the CTAS), and whether these differences are ‘real’ differences or a result of differential item functioning. The dimensionality of the CTAS construct is further examined. Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the data obtained. Partial measurement invariance with respect to nationality and gender was achieved, demonstrating that the CTAS accurately measures latent constructs such as thoughts, autonomic reactions and off-task behaviours in boys and girls, and Swedish and Finnish pupils. No differences were found in the levels of test anxiety experienced by Swedish and Finnish pupils. Girls reported higher levels of autonomic reactions related to test anxiety, but no gender differences in thoughts and off-task behaviours were identified. Methodological limitations and the future implications of the results obtained are discussed.