Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Probe Substrate Selection on Cytochrome P450 Reaction Phenotyping Using the Relative Activity Factor

Accurately assessing the contribution of cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms to overall metabolic clearance is important for prediction of clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The relative activity factor (RAF) approach in P450 reaction phenotyping assumes that the interaction between P450-selective probes and testing systems is the same as the interaction of drug candidate with those systems. To test this assumption, an intersystem clearance ratio (ICR) was created to evaluate the difference in values between RAF-scaled intrinsic clearance (CLint) and measured CLint in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The RAF value for CYP3A4 or CYP2C9 derived from a particular P450-selective probe reaction was applied to calculate RAF-scaled CLint for other probe reactions of the same P450 isoform in a crossover manner and compared with the measured HLM CLint. When RAF derived from midazolam or nifedipine was used for CYP3A4, the ICR for testosterone 6β-hydroxylation was 31 and 25, respectively, suggesting significantly diverse interactions of CYP3A4 probes with the testing systems. Such ICR differences were less profound among probes for CYP2C9. In addition, these RAF values were applied to losartan and meloxicam, whose metabolism is mostly CYP2C9 mediated. Only using the RAF derived from testosterone for CYP3A4 produced the expected CYP2C9 contribution of 72%–87% and 47%–69% for metabolism of losartan and meloxicam, respectively. RAF derived from other CYP3A4 probes would have attributed predominantly to CYP3A4 and led to incorrect prediction of DDIs. Our study demonstrates a significant impact of probe substrate selection on P450 phenotyping using the RAF approach, and the ICR may provide a potential solution.
Comparison of Three Immunological Assays to Detect Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Antibodies in Buffaloes

The present study involved in analysis of 81 sera samples collected from Murrah (34), Surti (20) and non-descript buffaloes (27) with history of respiratory and reproductive disorders for IBR antibodies by indirect Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Virus neutralization test (VNT) and Passive haemagglutination assay (PHA). The immunological assays viz., indirect ELISA, VNT and PHA revealed that 50.62%, 43.21 % and 27.16 % of IBR positivity respectively. The overall positivity irrespective of serological test was found to be 54.32 %. The sensitivity, specificity of PHA and VNT in comparison with ELISA were 46.34 %, 70.73 % and 85.00 %, 92.50 % respectively. Moderate agreement between ELISA and VNT (kappa = 0.56) and fair agreement between ELISA and PHA (kappa =0.38) were found for the detection of IBR antibodies. Significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between indirect ELISA and PHA in the detection of BHV-1 antibodies. VNT and PHA were found to be useful as the quantitative tests to estimate antibody level in buffalo whereas ELISA could be performed for herd screening programme.
Estimating B 1 + in the breast at 7 T using a generic template

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI is the workhorse of breast MRI, where the diagnosis of lesions is largely based on the enhancement curve shape. However, this curve shape is biased by RF transmit (B1+) field inhomogeneities. B1+ field information is required in order to correct these. The use of a generic, coil‐specific B1+ template is proposed and tested.
Housing priorities of persons with a spinal cord injury and their household members

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to identify the housing priorities of families living with persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: A new tool, the psycho-environmental housing priorities (PEHP), was developed following the principles of Q-methodology and based on the psycho-environmental model. The PEHP includes 48 items concerning housing needs that were presented to 29 persons with SCI and to 30 of their household members to determine the more important needs in their home. Results: Four different profiles of housing priorities emerged from the analysis, with persons with SCI and household members being dispersed across these profiles. Some needs, such as social contact and security, were identified as priorities in all the profiles while others, such as pleasure, were unique to some profiles. Conclusions: Our study highlights the heterogeneity of housing needs and the importance of addressing each family as unique when considering housing. The results also show that some housing needs ought to be considered because they were identified as important by everyone. Rehabilitation professionals could use the PEHP as a tool to help households living with a person with SCI plan their housing modifications to better meet the needs of all inhabitants. Implications for Rehabilitation Spinal cord injury causes impairment that significantly alters the relationship with the housing environment and modifies the relative importance of housing needs. Persons with SCI and household members have varying housing needs, as suggested by the identification of four distinct profiles of housing priorities using the psycho-environmental housing priorities (PEHP). The security and social contact needs emerge as important in all profiles and may be considered “universal needs”. Rehabilitation professionals may use the PEHP as a tool to help households living with a person with SCI plan their housing modifications, for instance to identify compatible and conflicting priorities, and develop solutions agreeable to everyone. Using PEHP in the modification process could contribute to the household’s feeling of autonomy and control.
Estimation of handgrip force from nonlinear SEMG-force relationship during dynamic contraction tasks

Currently, the griping force estimation of using the linear prediction model built on static (isometric) contraction is low accurate in human works, especially at varied grasp motion. The objective of this study is to build an accurate Surface Electromyography (SEMG)-handgrip force model for estimating the handgrip force during dynamic (non-isometric) contraction tasks. Ten healthy individuals performed several MVC tasks and a series of dynamic sub-maximal force (SMF) tasks to obtain a suit of normalization ratio samples. Suitable nonlinear function is selected to fit the nonlinear SEMG-force relationship during the regression procedure. After that, ten subjects performed three dynamic evaluated contraction tasks (0–70% MVC) to analyze performance of the proposed model and compare it with performance of the former model. The experimental results show that the proposed force estimation model can evaluate handgrip force more accurate than former one in dynamic grasp condition.
Determination of Depth in Transmission Raman Spectroscopy in Turbid Media Using a Beam Enhancing Element

This study demonstrates experimentally a method to enable prediction of depth of a chemical species buried in a turbid medium by using transmission Raman spectroscopy alone. The method allows the prediction of the depth of a single, chemically distinct layer within a turbid matrix by performing two measurements, with and without a beam enhancing element, or “photon diode. ” The samples employed consisted of two different polymers, of total thickness 3.6 mm, whose optical properties are loosely relevant to pharmaceutical applications. A polymer layer of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was placed at different positions within multiple layers of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix and Raman spectra were recorded in each case. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to determine whether the depth of the LDPE layer could be predicted using the obtained data. The best-achieved RMSE of prediction was 4.2% of the total sample size (i.e., +/− 0.15 mm) with the multivariate approach.
Development of a multi-functional concurrent assay using weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti-doping analysis.

RATIONALE In addition to the development of adequate screening methods for multiple compounds, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) requires anti-doping laboratories to analyze prohibited substances and their metabolites from various classes. This task presents a difficult challenge for all agencies and interests involved in the field of doping control. METHODS A screening method is reported in which hybrid sample preparation was performed using a combination of weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and the 'Dilute and Shoot' strategy in order to take advantage of both the methodologies. Target substances were extracted using a WCX cartridge and reconstituted with a diluted sample aliquot that included 20% of an untreated urine sample. The target substances were further analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS The SPE procedure was optimized using a cartridge-washing step, elution conditions, and elution volume. The cartridge-washing step, which was performed using 10% methanol, improved the overall recovery of target substances. Since the recovery was observed to vary according to the pH of the eluting solution, we applied an elution step using both an acid and a basic organic solvent to achieve complementary recovery. Reconstitution of the diluted aliquot sample was performed to recover the polar substances. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated and applied to real samples in accordance with the external quality assessment scheme of WADA and to the previously reported samples that had provided positive test results. This novel method using hybrid sample preparation and LC/MS could be useful to screen multiple classes of the 264 targeted substances in anti-doping analysis.
Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview

An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered six major clades, which are recognized informally and labeled the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades. Each clade is discussed in terms of key morphological and ecological traits. At least 11 origins of the ectomycorrhizal habit appear to have evolved in the Agaricales, with possibly as many as nine origins in the Agaricoid plus Tricholomatoid clade alone. A family-based phylogenetic classification is sketched for the Agaricales, in which 30 families, four unplaced tribes and two informally named clades are recognized.
Micro-Economics of Apoptosis in Cancer: ncRNAs Modulation of BCL-2 Family Members

In the last few years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been a hot topic in cancer research. Many ncRNAs were found to regulate the apoptotic process and to play a role in tumor cell resistance to treatment. The apoptotic program is on the frontline as self-defense from cancer onset, and evasion of apoptosis has been classified as one of the hallmarks of cancer responsible for therapy failure. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family members are key players in the regulation of apoptosis and mediate the activation of the mitochondrial death machinery in response to radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and many targeted therapeutics. The balance between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins is strictly controlled by ncRNAs. Here, we highlight the most common mechanisms exerted by microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs on the main mediators of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade with particular focus on their significance in cancer biology.
Imaging findings in a fatal case of pandemic swine-origin influenza A (H1N1).

OBJECTIVE Although most cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) have been self-limited, fatal cases raise questions about virulence and radiology's role in early detection. We describe the radiographic and CT findings in a fatal S-OIV infection. CONCLUSION Radiography showed peripheral lung opacities. CT revealed peripheral ground-glass opacities suggesting peribronchial injury. These imaging findings raised suspicion of S-OIV despite negative H1N1 influenza rapid antigen test results from two nasopharyngeal swabs; subsequently, those results were proven to be false-negatives by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. This case suggests a role for CT in the early recognition of severe S-OIV.
Global solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell equations in higher dimensions

We consider the Einstein–Maxwell equations in space-dimension n. We point out that the Lindblad–Rodnianski stability proof applies to those equations whatever the space-dimension n ⩾ 3. In even spacetime dimension n + 1 ⩾ 6, we use the standard conformal method on a Minkowski background to give a simple proof that the maximal globally hyperbolic development of initial data sets which are sufficiently close to the data for Minkowski spacetime and which are Schwarzschildian outside of a compact set lead to geodesically complete spacetimes, with a complete Scri, with a smooth conformal structure, and with the gravitational field approaching the Minkowski metric along null directions at least as fast as r−(n−1)/2.
The Closure Signature: A Functional Approach to Model Underactuated Compliant Robotic Hands

Underactuated and compliant hands, frequently referred to as soft hands, have been recently proposed to overcome common issues of multifingered robotic hands. Although several prototypes have been developed, there is still a lack of systematic ways to model and control these devices to get grasps exploiting their intrinsic features. Classical tools can hardly be applied when contact surfaces are deformable and hand kinematics is not uniquely defined due to underactuation. In this letter, we propose a method to model underactuated compliant hands. The model captures how the hand closes analyzing the motion of suitable reference points defined on the hand. In particular, we present a procedure to compute the preferred grasping direction of a given hand, namely, the closure signature (CS), and then we use this information to plan power grasps. The feasibility of the proposed method has been validated by performing experiments with a soft hand fixed to a robotic arm. The use of the CS proved to increase the performance of the grasp planner. The proposed method can easily be extended to other underactuated compliant hands.
The rising incidence of intentional ingestion of ethanol-containing hand sanitizers

Objective:To describe a case of intentional ingestion of hand sanitizer in our hospital and to review published cases and those reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System. Design:A case report, a literature review of published cases, and a query of the National Poison Data System. Setting:Medical intensive care unit. Patient:Seventeen-yr-old male 37-kg with an intentional ingestion of a hand sanitizer product into his gastrostomy tube. Interventions:Intubation, ventilation, and hemodialysis. Measurements and Main Results:Incidence and outcome of reported cases of unintentional and intentional ethanol containing-hand sanitizer ingestion in the United States from 2005 through 2009. A literature search found 14 detailed case reports of intentional alcohol-based hand sanitizer ingestions with one death. From 2005 to 2009, the National Poison Data System received reports of 68,712 exposures to 96 ethanol-based hand sanitizers. The number of new cases increased by an average of 1,894 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1266–2521) cases per year (p =.002). In 2005, the rate of exposures, per year, per million U.S. residents was 33.7 (95% CI 28.4–39.1); from 2005 to 2009, this rate increased on average by 5.87 per year (95% CI 3.70–8.04; p = .003). In 2005, the rate of intentional exposures, per year, per million U.S. residents, was 0.68 (95% CI 0.17–1.20); from 2005 to 2009, this rate increased on average by 0.32 per year (95% CI 0.11–0.53; p = .02). Conclusions:The number of new cases per year of intentional hand sanitizer ingestion significantly increased during this 5-yr period. Although the majority of cases of hand sanitizer ingestion have a favorable outcome, 288 moderate and 12 major medical outcomes were reported in this National Poison Data System cohort. Increased awareness of the risks associated with intentional ingestion is warranted, particularly among healthcare providers caring for persons with a history of substance abuse, risk-taking behavior, or suicidal ideation.
Theorizing Racial Discord over Policing Before and After Ferguson

Drawing on two theses from the race relations literature, this article presents a foundational perspective on core relationships between the police and racial groups in the United States. The theses—group position and minority threat—are described and expanded upon, applied to long-standing group relations with the police, and further illustrated with material on the racial politics surrounding recent incidents of police misconduct. Findings from surveys and other research methods are presented in support of the theoretical framework.
Patient receipt of smoking cessation care in four Australian acute psychiatric facilities

Abstract This study aimed to report the receipt of smoking care, and associated clinical and smoking characteristics among smokers admitted to four public psychiatric inpatient facilities in New South Wales, Australia. Between October 2012 and July 2014, adult smokers (N = 236) were surveyed during admission to and 1 month following discharge from the facilities. Measures of smoking care receipt were reported descriptively, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore characteristics associated with care receipt. The majority of participants were offered (78%) and used (78%) nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), with 66% of NRT‐users reporting the amount provided was sufficient to reduce cravings. A minority of participants (16%) received information or advice to quit smoking, and 60% reported smoking throughout their admission. Patients not contemplating quitting and those with non‐psychotic disorders were more likely to receive an offer of NRT. The findings suggest the provision of smoking care in Australian acute psychiatric units is sub‐optimal overall, with an indication that care may be provided selectively to certain patients, rather than systematically to all. Development and dissemination of interventions to increase smoking care provision in inpatient psychiatry are needed.
Lattice Boltzmann Study of the Geometric Effect of a Perforated Orifice on Its Damping Performance

The present work considers the geometric effect of a perforated orifice on its noise-damping performance by conducting 2D lattice Boltzmann simulations. The damping effect of a rounded orifice is characterized by using power absorption coefficient by applying an acoustically-excited flow consisting of multiple tones. Comparison is then made between the damping performance of the rounded orifice and a square one. It is found that the rounded orifice is associated with lower damping effect than that of the square one. This is due to the different intensity vorticities generated, as visualized in the vortex shedding contours. To gain further insight on the damping mechanism and performance of the orifices, the orifice thickness effect is studied. As the orifice diameter remains constant, the damping performance of the orifices becomes deteriorates in terms of the effective frequency bandwidth with the increased thickness. The present work confirms the effect of the orifice shape and geometry plays an important role in its noise-damping performance.
Responses of fungal community composition to long‐term chemical and organic fertilization strategies in Chinese Mollisols

How fungi respond to long‐term fertilization in Chinese Mollisols as sensitive indicators of soil fertility has received limited attention. To broaden our knowledge, we used high‐throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR to explore the response of soil fungal community to long‐term chemical and organic fertilization strategies. Soils were collected in a 35‐year field experiment with four treatments: no fertilizer, chemical phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (PK), chemical phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen fertilizer (NPK), and chemical phosphorus and potassium fertilizer plus manure (MPK). All fertilization differently changed soil properties and fungal community. The MPK application benefited soil acidification alleviation and organic matter accumulation, as well as soybean yield. Moreover, the community richness indices (Chao1 and ACE) were higher under the MPK regimes, indicating the resilience of microbial diversity and stability. With regards to fungal community composition, the phylum Ascomycota was dominant in all samples, followed by Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Glomeromycota. At each taxonomic level, the community composition dramatically differed under different fertilization strategies, leading to different soil quality. The NPK application caused a loss of Leotiomycetes but an increase in Eurotiomycetes, which might reduce the plant–fungal symbioses and increase nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions. According to the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size (LDA score > 3.0), the NPK application significantly increased the abundances of fungal taxa with known pathogenic traits, such as order Chaetothyriales, family Chaetothyriaceae and Pleosporaceae, and genera Corynespora, Bipolaris, and Cyphellophora. In contrast, these fungi were detected at low levels under the MPK regime. Soil organic matter and pH were the two most important contributors to fungal community composition.
Combined effects of environmental factors on human perception and objective performance: A review of experimental laboratory works

This study reports the outcomes of a literature survey aimed at exploring how different environmental factors-that is acoustic, thermal, visual, and air quality stimuli-interact in affecting building occupants' perception and performance. Recent laboratory studies have been collected, and their methodological approaches reviewed in terms of experimental design, adopted exposures conditions, perception and performance assessment methods. Results have been summarized and compared to identify interaction patterns between environmental factors and possible practical implications for improving the design of both experimental studies and the built environment. The analysis allows highlighting limitations, potential improvements and future opportunities in this field of research, thus providing a reference for further investigations aimed at a deeper understanding, modeling, and prediction of the impacts caused by the main indoor variables on human comfort and performance.