Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of hotel bankruptcy using support vector machine, artificial neural network, logistic regression, and multivariate discriminant analysis

The objectives of this paper are firstly, to provide an optimal hotel bankruptcy prediction approach to minimize the empirical risk of misclassification and secondly, to investigate the functional characteristics of multivariate discriminant analysis, logistic, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector machine (SVM) models in hotel bankruptcy prediction. The performances were evaluated not only in terms of overall classification and prediction accuracy but also in terms of relative error cost ratios. The results showed that ANN and SVM were very applicable models in bankruptcy prediction with data from Korean hotels. When jointly measuring both type I and type II errors, especially allowing for the greater costs associated with type I errors, however, ANN was more accurate with smaller estimated relative error costs than SVM. Thus, if the objective is to find the best early warning technique that performs accurately with small relative error costs, then, it will be worth considering ANN method for hotel bankruptcy prediction.
Noise Predictive Turbo Equalization for a Filter Bank Based Receiver in a SC Transmission System

For coded transmission over band-limited channels with inter-symbol interference, Douillard proposed the turbo equalization approach which has been studied widely. It is an iterative equalization/decoding algorithm and results in tremendous performance improvement. This paper studies a turbo equalization approach, which includes our recently proposed filter bank based frequency-domain equalizer, and a noise predictor inside of a decision-feedback loop, in coded single-carrier transmission. Its performance is simulated in a frequency-selective channel for QPSK and 16-QAM modulations. Different number of iterations and noise prediction orders are examined. The simulation shows that one iteration with 5-taps noise prediction filter is sufficient to obtain significant gain over linear equalizer.
Epidemiology of Stroke In Tilburg, The Netherlands: The Population‐Based Stroke Incidence Register 1. Introduction and Preliminary Results

We present the methodology and some preliminary findings of a population-based stroke incidence register operating in Tilburg (about 150,000 persons), The Netherlands. From October 1, 1978 to March 31, 1979, 152 new strokes occurred giving an estimated overall incidence (per 100,000 population) for total and first attacks of 202 and 162, respectively. No major sex difference in stroke risk (all ages) was noted, although males did hare a significantly higher incidence at 55–64 years of age. Stroke incidence increased strikingly with age. Thromboembolic infarcts comprised 83% and intracranlal hemorrhage 13% of attacks. Males and females differed little in distribution of stroke types. The proportion of cerebral infarction was higher among older than younger cases. The opposite was true regarding intracranial hemorrhage. Erabolic infarcts constituted a significantly higher proportion of cases at 65–74 years of age than at other ages. Hemiplegia and speech deficits dominated the clinical picture at onset. The 3-week case fatality for all strokes was 26%. Both a lowering of consciousness (found among 38% of cases during the first 24 hours) and a history of prior stroke were found related to a reduction in survival. Of patients surviving 3 weeks 25% were completely dependent and 25% partially dependent upon others for personal care.
Lateralization of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Functions: A Study of Unilateral Stroke Patients

Sixty patients with unilateral stroke (half with left hemisphere damage and half with right hemisphere damage) and a control group (N = 15) matched for age and educational level were tested in two experiments. In one experiment they were first shown, on each trial, a sample drawing depicting one or more objects. Following a short delay, they were asked to identify the drawing when it was paired with a drawing in which the same object(s) was transformed in categorical or coordinate spatial relations. In the other experiment, the same subjects first were shown, on each trial, a sample drawing. They then judged which of two variants (each in one type of spatial relation) looked more similar to the sample drawing. Typically, patients with left-sided stroke mistakenly identified the categorical transformation for the sample drawing in the first task; in the second task, they judged the categorical transformation as more similar to the sample drawing. Patients with right-sided stroke mistakenly identified the coordinate transformations for the sample drawing in the first task, and, in the second task, typically judged the drawings transformed along coordinate spatial relations as more similar to the sample drawing. These findings provide evidence for complementary lateralization of the two types of spatial perception. It can therefore be inferred that separate functional subsystems process the two types of spatial relations.
Risk Taking by Mutual Funds as a Response to Incentives

This paper examines a potential agency conflict between mutual fund investors and mutual fund companies. Investors would like the fund company to use its judgment to maximize risk‐adjusted fund returns. A fund company, however, in its desire to maximize its value as a concern, has an incentive to take actions that increase the inflow of investments. We use a semiparametric model to estimate the shape of the flow‐performance relationship for a sample of growth and growth and income funds observed over the 1982–92 period. The shape of the flow‐performance relationship creates incentives for fund managers to increase or decrease the riskiness of the fund that are dependent on the fund's year‐to‐date return. We examine portfolio holdings of mutual funds in September and December and show that mutual funds do alter the riskiness of their portfolios at the end of the year in a manner consistent with these incentives.
Mind–Body Skills Training to Improve Distress Tolerance in Medical Students: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Problem: Medical students face rigorous and stressful work environments, resulting in high rates of psychological distress. However, there has been a dearth of empirical work aimed at modifying risk factors for psychopathology among this at-risk group. Distress tolerance, defined as the ability to withstand emotional distress, is one factor that may be important in promoting psychological well-being in medical students. Thus, the aim of the current mixed-methods study was (a) to describe changes in facets of distress tolerance (i.e., emotional tolerance, absorption, appraisal, regulation) for medical students who completed a mind–body skills training group, and a no-intervention control group of students; (b) to examine the relationship between changes in psychological variables and changes in distress tolerance; and (c) to report students' perceptions of the mind–body group, with an emphasis on how the group may have affected personal and professional functioning due to improvements in distress tolerance. Intervention: The mind–body program was an 11-week, 2-hour skills training group that focused on introducing, practicing, and processing mind–body skills such as biofeedback, guided imagery, relaxation, several forms of meditation (e.g., mindfulness), breathing exercises, and autogenic training. Context: Participants were 52 first- and second-year medical students (62.7% female, Mage = 23.45, SD = 1.51) who participated in a mind–body group or a no-intervention control group and completed self-report measures before and after the 11-week period. Outcome: Students in the mind–body group showed a modest improvement in all distress tolerance subscales over time (ΔM = .42–.53, p = .01–.03, d = .44–.53), whereas the control group showed less consistent changes across most subscales (ΔM = .11–.42, p = .10–.65, d = .01–.42). Students in the mind–body group qualitatively reported an improved ability to tolerate affective distress. Overall, improvements in psychological symptoms were associated with improvements in distress tolerance in the mind–body group but not in the control group. Lessons Learned: These preliminary findings provide support for the notion that improving distress tolerance through mind–body skills training might serve to protect medical students from becoming functionally impaired by psychological distress. Thus, implementing mind–body skills training into medical school education may help to improve the psychological well-being of medical students. Future studies utilizing more methodologically rigorous designs are warranted.
Suspected panosteitis in a camel.

CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-month-old male Bactrian camel was examined because of a 3-week history of lameness of the left hind limb. CLINICAL FINDINGS Lameness was initially detected in the left hind limb but resolved and was detected in the right hind limb during treatment. Lameness increased during periods of rapid growth. Radiography revealed multiple small opacities of the medullary cavity of several long bones throughout treatment. Core bone biopsies of lesions in the tibiae revealed lamellar bone with areas of loose connective tissue, osteoblasts in the medullary cavity, and periosteal new bone formation, all which were consistent with panosteitis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Palliative treatment was attempted with epidural and transdermal administration of analgesics. Flunixin meglumine was administered PO, which coincided with an abrupt increase in serum creatinine concentration. Performance of multiple diagnostic bone biopsies led to remission of clinical signs of pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Panosteitis should be a differential diagnosis for shifting limb lameness in young camels. Bone biopsies can be useful for diagnosis of panosteitis and possible relief of pain associated with the disease. Bactrian camels may be susceptible to the renal toxicity of flunixin meglumine, especially when dehydrated.
Where in the world is population growth bad

Would economic growth be better if population growth were slower? There are two apparently opposite answers to this question. Advocates of policies to reduce population growth rates are completely convinced by the common sense view that rapid population growth greatly hurts economic growth because of scarcer natural resources, reduced investments (per child) in health and education, and lower rates of capital accumulation per worker. The empirical evidence (usually marshalled by economists) provides an equally convincing, and seemingly contradictory, answer: There is no strong, stable relationship between countries'population growth and their per capita output growth rates. The authors propose an empirical reconciliation between the two views. No one really believes that the impact of a 10 percent increase in population would have the same impact in Bangladesh as it would have in Canada, or even the same impact in crowded Malawi or Rwanda as in sparsely populated Zaire or Zambia. But if the impact ofpopulation growth on economic growth differs across countries, it might on average be small (even statistically indistinguishable from zero) in the usual empirical estimates, even though the negative impact in particular countries might well be large. The real answer might be,"It depends on country conditions. "But this answer is uninformative unless one can show which country conditions"it depends"on. Is it most harmful in poor countries? In countries with poor policies? The authors try to discover the condition under which population growth hurts economic performance by allowing interactive terms for country conditions. The empirical results do not give confirmation to any of the plausible distinctions across country conditions - the impact of population growth is not worse in poor countries and is not worse in land-scarce countries. Their measure of resource scarcity may be one reason for this failure to find an interaction, but while it failed to produce satisfying results, it is a major conceptual improvement over even simpler indicators, such as population density, or the empirical literatures studied: no interaction. Identifying the conditions under which population growth is a drag on economic growth should be a priority as efforts to reduce population growth should be concentrated in those countries where the efforts give the greatest payoff.
The ethical climate of government and non-profit organizations Implications for public-private partnerships

One aspect of relations between government and non-profit organizations that has received little attention is the impact of differing ethical climates. Using Victor and Cullens' model of ethical climate, this article offers a qualitative survey of the differences between the two sectors. It finds that there are differences in both the sources of ethical climate and the criteria used to judge ethical climate. Public servants tend to be more cosmopolitan in that their source of ethical climate comes from sources external to themselves such as professional or legal norms. Non-profit mangers tended to have stronger beliefs that principles are to be selfchosen and the climate is to be guided by personal ethics.
The rhetorical dimensions of radical flank effects: investigations into the influence of emerging radical voices on the rhetoric of long-standing moderate organizations in two social movements

iv LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . p. 1 Research Questions . p. 10 Rationale . p. 11 Limitations of the Study – Scope and Conclusions . p. 15 Chapter Outline . p. 16 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . p. 19 Sociology: Theoretical Paradigms and Social Movements . p. 20 Inter-organizational Relations . p. 27 Radical Flank Effects . p. 27 Framing . p. 29 Communication Studies: Theoretical Paradigms and Social Movements . p. 32 Rhetorical Dimensions of Radicals and Moderates . p. 36
Introducing Cellular Manufacturing: Operations, Human Resources and High‐Trust Dynamics

Stephen Procter, John Hassard and Michael Rowlinson investigate the introduction of cellular manufacturing in two units of a large British engineering group. They explore the reasons for its introduction – in both cases it was the cumbersome, functionally-based system of production that precluded quick and easy reaction to changes in conditions – and the effects such as the flattening of the organisational structure and the new role of the cell leader. A comparison of the two companies shows the difficulties involved in trying to enhance discretion by means of a process that was explicitly low-trust in nature. In one case an open and participative style was used which appeared to meet with success. In the second case, management adopted a closed and uncommunicative style which induced indifference and, at worst, resistance. Stephen Procter and Michael Rowlinson are Lecturers in the School of Management and Finance at the University of Nottingham, and John Hassard is Professor in the Department of Management at the University of Keele.
Could Dynamic Beta Measures Enhance Performance of Capital-Asset-Pricing Model on Fitting Stock Returns? A Reality Test

Certain dynamic beta measures based on the ARCH (autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity)/GARCH (generalized ARCH) and Markov-switching models are adopted and a comparative analysis derived from examining the performance of the capital asset pricing model on fitting stock returns among various dynamic beta models is introduced. Our empirical findings are consistent with the following notions. First, the dynamic beta measures encompassing both the time-varying technique and state-varying mechanism are significantly better than the constant beta and the pure time-varying and state-varying betas in matching the pattern of stock returns. Second, the misspecified models obtained with inappropriate beta settings could serve as one of the reasons for abnormal returns.
The Citizen-Consumer as Industrial Relations Actor: New Ways of Working and the End-User in Social Care

This article explores the role of the citizen-consumer as an actor in public service industrial relations. Based on research into the New Types of Worker programme in social care, the article considers how new work roles engage end-users as citizen-consumers in work relations and their consequences for stakeholders. It highlights the forms assumed by these roles and the factors influencing their development and impact, concluding that if the citizen-consumer is to be treated as an actor in industrial relations, researchers must show greater sensitivity to the categories of end-users and to the service context.
Seeking Help: B Cells Adapting to Flu Variability

CD4 T cell help, potentially driven by adjuvantation, increases B cell adaptability by driving the plasticity and evolution of B cells and, consequently, the antibody response to influenza antigens. The study of influenza vaccines has revealed potential interactions between preexisting immunological memory and antigenic context and/or adjuvantation. In the face of antigenic diversity, the process of generating B cell adaptability is driven by cross-reactive CD4 memory cells, such as T follicular helper cells from previous infections or vaccinations. Although such “helped” B cells are capable of adapting to variant antigens, lack of CD4 help could lead to a suboptimal antibody response. Collectively, this indicates an interplay between CD4 T cells, adjuvant, and B cell adaptability.
International business careers in the United States: salaries, advancement and male—female differences

This paper uses a survey of 514 professional employees to analyse salaries and careers in international business in the United States. Internationally oriented skills are inconsistently rewarded, and persons in internationally focused occupations are compensated at about the same level as their domestically oriented counterparts. Women receive smaller pay-offs than men for qualifications, including international ones. Thus, the human resource management practices of many American firms may not be consistent with these firms' strategies for competing in global markets.
Energy Price Induced and Exogenous Technological Changes: Assessing Economic and Environmental Outcomes

In this paper, we distinguish between factor/output substitution and shifts in the production technology frontier. Our model includes the by-products of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions where the function requires the simultaneous expansion of good outputs and reductions in emissions. We estimate a directional output distance function for 80 countries over the period 1971-2000 to measure the exogenous and oil price-induced technological change. On average, we find substantial oil price-induced technological progress at the world level when long-term oil prices are rising, although the growth rate is more volatile in developed countries than in developing countries. The results also show that developed countries experience higher exogenous technological progress in comparison with developing countries, and the gap between the two has increased during the period of our study.
A Unifying Framework for Robust Synchronization of Heterogeneous Networks via Integral Quadratic Constraints

A general framework for analysing robust synchronization in large-scale heterogenous networks is proposed based on the theory of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). Dynamic agents are represented as linear time-invariant single-input-single-output systems. The agents exchange information according to a sparse dynamical interconnection operator in order to achieve synchronization, where their outputs are steered to the same, possibly time-varying, signal. The main technical hindrance to applying IQCs in this context lies with the presence of the marginally stable dynamics which define the trajectory to which the agents' outputs synchronize. It is shown that by working with conditions defined on modified signal spaces of interest and exploiting the graph structure underlying the connections between the dynamic systems, IQC methods can be applied directly to synchronization analysis without recourse to loop transformations, which may obscure the inherent structural properties of the multi-agent networked systems. Decentralized and scalable conditions for synchronization are proposed within this setting. The IQC framework is demonstrated to unify and generalize some of the existing results in the literature, including certain Nyquist-type consensus certificates for time-delay systems. Moreover, it allows the role of feedback in robustness against uncertainty to be better manifested within the context of synchronization.
Dynamic Network Formation in Two-Sided Economies

We study the dynamic stability of networks in a two-sided economy of agents labelled men and women. Each agent desires relationships with the other type, but having multiple partners is costly. This cost-benefit trade-off results in each agent having a single-peaked utility function, the peak being greater for men than for women. We propose two stochastic Markov processes in which self-interested agents form and sever links over time, but may also take actions that do not increase their utility with small probability. In the first process, an agent who invests more time in a relationship signals commitment to his/her partner, whereas in the second, such an agent is perceived as having a weaker position. We prove that only egalitarian pairwise stable networks (in which all agents have the same number of partners) form in the long run under the first process, while under the second, only anti-egalitarian pairwise stable networks (in which all women are matched to a small number of men) arise. This latter outcome is also consistent with the presence of "herd externality" or "informational cascade", leading to a pattern of a one-sided thin market. Applying these results to communication shows that the diffusion of a given piece of information can widely vary across identical economies, and that information concentrates more in women than in men. The model sheds light on patterns of network formation in several two-sided markets, including employer-employee, dating, buyer-seller, and faculty-student relationships.