Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resonance Zones in Action Space

Abstract The classical and quantum mechanics of isolated, nonlinear resonances in integrable systems with N ≥ 2 degrees of freedom is discussed in terms of geometry in the space of action vari ables. Energy surfaces and frequencies are calculated and graphically presented for invariant tori inside and outside the resonance zone. The quantum mechanical eigenvalues, computed in the sem iclassical WKB approximation, show a regular pattern when transformed into the action space of the associated symmetry reduced system: eigenvalues inside the resonance zone are arranged on iV-dimensional cubic lattices, whereas those outside are, in general, non-periodically distributed. However, TV-dimensional triclinic (skewed) lattices exist locally. Both kinds of lattices are joined smoothly across the classical separatrix surface. The statements are illustrated with the help of two and three coupled rotors. The energy-level statistics of this system are found numerically to be in very good agreement with the Poisson distribution, despite of the complex lattice structure. PACS: 03.65. Sq, 05.45. -a
Determinants for Bullying Victimization among 11–16-Year-Olds in 15 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Multi-Level Study

Bullying is an issue of public health importance among adolescents worldwide. The present study aimed at explaining differences in bullying rates among adolescents in 15 low- and middle-income countries using globally comparable indicators of social and economic well-being. Using data derived from the Global School-based Health Survey, we performed bivariate analyses to examine differences in bullying rates by country and by bullying type. We then constructed a multi-level model using four fixed variables (age, gender, hunger and truancy) at the individual level, random effects at the classroom and school levels and four fixed variables at the country level (Gini coefficient, per capita Gross Domestic Project, homicide rate and pupil to teacher ratio). Bullying rates differed significantly by classroom, school and by country, with Egypt (34.2%) and Macedonia (3.6%) having the highest and lowest rates, respectively. Eleven-year-olds were the most likely of the studied age groups to report being bullied, as was being a male. Hunger and truancy were found to significantly predict higher rates of bullying. None of the explanatory variables at the country level remained in the final model. While self-reported bullying varied significantly between countries, the variance between classrooms better explained these differences. Our findings suggest that classroom settings should be considered when designing approaches aimed at bullying prevention.
Acute myocardial infarction and diagnosis-related groups: patient classification and hospital reimbursement in 11 European countries

Aims As part of the diagnosis related groups in Europe (EuroDRG) project, researchers from 11 countries (i.e. Austria, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and Sweden) compared how their DRG systems deal with patients admitted to hospital for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study aims to assist cardiologists and national authorities to optimize their DRG systems. Methods and results National or regional databases were used to identify hospital cases with a primary diagnosis of AMI. Diagnosis-related group classification algorithms and indicators of resource consumption were compared for those DRGs that individually contained at least 1% of cases. Six standardized case vignettes were defined, and quasi prices according to national DRG-based hospital payment systems were ascertained. European DRG systems vary widely: they classify AMI patients according to different sets of variables into diverging numbers of DRGs (between 4 DRGs in Estonia and 16 DRGs in France). The most complex DRG is valued 11 times more resource intensive than an index case in Estonia but only 1.38 times more resource intensive than an index case in England. Comparisons of quasi prices for the case vignettes show that hypothetical payments for the index case amount to only €420 in Poland but to €7930 in Ireland. Conclusions Large variation exists in the classification of AMI patients across Europe. Cardiologists and national DRG authorities should consider how other countries' DRG systems classify AMI patients in order to identify potential scope for improvement and to ensure fair and appropriate reimbursement.
On secondary transforms for prediction residual

In this paper, we present a transform scheme that utilizes a secondary transform after the conventional DCT for intra as well as inter prediction residues. Our approach is applicable to any block-based video codec that employs transforms along the horizontal and vertical direction separably. The secondary transform is applied to the lower K (K=4 or 8) frequency coefficients of the output of conventional DCT at block with dimensions 8 and higher. The proposed transform scheme has low complexity as it is applied only to the top-left portion of DCT output, especially in the context of large blocks such as 32×32 where an alternate transform of size 32×32 other than DCT would be expensive to be implemented in hardware. The proposed technique works in single-pass, and the choice of whether to use the secondary transform is solely based on the prediction direction for intra residue, and transform unit location in the prediction unit for the inter residue. The scheme requires no additional signaling information or R-D search. Our simulation results show that the proposed transform scheme provides significant BD-Rate improvement over the conventional DCT-based coding scheme for video sequences in the ongoing HEVC standardization.
Post-Movement Beta Activity in Sensorimotor Cortex Indexes Confidence in the Estimations from Internal Models

Beta oscillations are a dominant feature of the sensorimotor system. A transient and prominent increase in beta oscillations is consistently observed across the sensorimotor cortical-basal ganglia network after cessation of voluntary movement: the post-movement beta synchronization (PMBS). Current theories about the function of the PMBS have been focused on either the closure of motor response or the processing of sensory afferance. Computational models of sensorimotor control have emphasized the importance of the integration between feedforward estimation and sensory feedback, and therefore the putative motor and sensory functions of beta oscillations may reciprocally interact with each other and in fact be indissociable. Here we show that the amplitude of sensorimotor PMBS is modulated by the history of visual feedback of task-relevant errors, and negatively correlated with the trial-to-trial exploratory adjustment in a sensorimotor adaptation task in young healthy human subjects. The PMBS also negatively correlated with the uncertainty associated with the feedforward estimation, which was recursively updated in light of new sensory feedback, as identified by a Bayesian learning model. These results reconcile the two opposing motor and sensory views of the function of PMBS, and suggest a unifying theory in which PMBS indexes the confidence in internal feedforward estimation in Bayesian sensorimotor integration. Its amplitude simultaneously reflects cortical sensory processing and signals the need for maintenance or adaptation of the motor output, and if necessary, exploration to identify an altered sensorimotor transformation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT For optimal sensorimotor control, sensory feedback and feedforward estimation of a movement's sensory consequences should be weighted by the inverse of their corresponding uncertainties, which require recursive updating in a dynamic environment. We show that post-movement beta activity (13–30 Hz) over sensorimotor cortex in young healthy subjects indexes the evaluation of uncertainty in feedforward estimation. Our work contributes to the understanding of the function of beta oscillations in sensorimotor control, and provides further insight into how aberrant beta activity can contribute to the pathophysiology of movement disorders.
A Pooling Approach to Modelling Spatial Relations for Image Retrieval and Annotation

Over the last two decades we have witnessed strong progress on modeling visual object classes, scenes and attributes that have significantly contributed to automated image understanding. On the other hand, surprisingly little progress has been made on incorporating a spatial representation and reasoning in the inference process. In this work, we propose a pooling interpretation of spatial relations and show how it improves image retrieval and annotations tasks involving spatial language. Due to the complexity of the spatial language, we argue for a learning-based approach that acquires a representation of spatial relations by learning parameters of the pooling operator. We show improvements on previous work on two datasets and two different tasks as well as provide additional insights on a new dataset with an explicit focus on spatial relations.
The Racial Composition of Neighborhoods and Local Schools: The Role of Diversity, Inequality, and School Choice

In an education system that draws students from residentially based attendance zones, schools are local institutions that reflect the racial composition of their surrounding communities. However, with opportunities to opt out of the zoned public school system, the social and economic contexts of neighborhoods may affect the demographic link between neighborhoods and their public neighborhood schools. Using spatial data on school attendance zones, we estimate the associations between the racial composition of elementary schools and their local neighborhoods, and we investigate how neighborhood factors shape the loose or tight demographic coupling of these parallel social contexts. The results show that greater social distance among residents within neighborhoods, as well as the availability of educational exit options, results in neighborhood public schools that are less reflective of their surrounding communities. In addition, we show that suburban schools are more demographically similar to their neighborhood attendance zones than are urban schools.
Attitudes Toward Police: A Comparison of Juvenile Offenders and Their Parent/Guardian

Carolyn J. Tompsett, Advisor Police-civilian relationships are crucial in fostering collaboration of the public necessary to keep communities safe. Negative attitudes toward the police impact personal outcomes, such as internalizing symptoms and recidivism, as well as community level outcomes, such as possible public alienation from the legal system (Gau & Brunson, 2010; Hartinger-Saunders et al., 2011; Hinds, 2009; Weitzer & Brunson, 2009). Public attitudes toward the police among specific subgroups is an especially pertinent topic, as African American men are frequently involved in police-civilian conflict and unarmed shootings, in addition to being overrepresented in the justice system (Burns Institute, 2011, 2013; Chaney & Robertson, 2013; Mapping Police Violence, 2016). Both socioeconomic status (SES) and race play a significant role in the formation and maintenance of attitudes toward the police, with African Americans and individuals in low SES communities consistently expressing less positive attitudes toward the police compared to Caucasians and higher SES groups (Chermak et al., 2006; Hurst, 2000; Lacks & Gordon, 2005; Romain & Hassell, 2014; Taylor et al., 2001; Web & Marshall, 1995; Weitzer & Tusch, 2002; Wu et al., 2015). The present study examined the attitudes toward the police and mental health symptoms of incarcerated adolescents, and how their attitudes compare to their parent/guardian. Additionally, the study analyzed differences between adolescents’ attitudes on the basis of their race, SES, and criminal history. Overall, adults and youth were found to have different police attitudes, with adults having more positive attitudes. When youth were matched with their parent/guardian, youth had significantly more negative attitudes toward the police. Attitudes toward the police were not found to be related to youth mental health issues or criminal risk level. Greater youth mental health problems, specifically impacting social problems and
Dwarf elliptical galaxies: structure, star formation and colour-magnitude diagrams

The aim of this paper is to cast light on the formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies by means of N-body/hydro-dynamical simulations that include star formation, feed-back and chemical evolution. Particular attention is paid to the case of dwarf spheroidals of the Local Group which, thanks to their proximity and modern ground-based and space instrumentation, can be resolved into single stars so that independent determinations of their age and star formation history can be derived. Indeed, the analysis of the color-magnitude diagram of their stellar content allows us to infer the past history of star formation and chemical enrichment thus setting important constraints on galactic models. Dwarf galaxies are known to exhibit complicated histories of star formation ranging from a single very old episode to a series of bursts over most of the Hubble time. By understanding the physical process driving star formation in these objects, we might be able to infer the mechanism governing star formation in more massive elliptical galaxies. Given these premises, we start from virialized haloes of dark matter, and follow the infall of gas into the potential wells and the formation of stars. We find that in objects of the same total mass, different star formation histories are possible, if the collapse phase started at different initial densities. We predict the final structure of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, their kinematics, their large scale distribution of gas and stars, and their detailed histories of the star formation and metal enrichment. Using a population synthesis technique, star formation and metal enrichment rates are then adopted to generate the present color-magnitude diagrams of the stellar populations hosted by dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The simulations are made assuming the red-shift of galaxy formation zfor = 5 and varying the cosmological parameters H0 and q0. The resulting color-magnitude diagrams are then compared with the observational ones for some dwarf spheroidals of the Local Group.
How long do the advantages of learning to read a transparent orthography last? An investigation of the reading skills and reading impairment of Welsh children at 10 years of age

Spencer and Hanley (2003) showed that Welsh-speaking children aged between 5 and 7 years who were learning to read Welsh (a transparent orthography) performed significantly better at reading both real words and nonwords than did English-speaking children living in Wales who were learning to read English (a deep orthography). In this study, the reading skills of these children were reexamined three years later, during their sixth year of formal reading instruction. The children learning to read English continued to perform poorly at reading low- and medium-frequency irregular words but no differences were observed in reading regular words or nonwords. These findings emphasize how long it takes to acquire a large sight vocabulary in English, but indicated that the reading skills of the majority of the English-speaking children had caught up with those of their Welsh-speaking counterparts. However, the poorest 25% of the English readers continued to perform much worse than the lowest performing 25% of Welsh readers on both words and nonwords. An underachieving tail of this kind was not observed in the reading performance of the Welsh-speaking group. Overall, these findings suggest that in the long term the detrimental effects of an opaque orthography are most damaging to the poorest readers.
The Eyes Have It: Gaze-based Detection of Mind Wandering during Learning with an Intelligent Tutoring System

Mind wandering (MW) is a ubiquitous phenomenon characterized by an unintentional shift in attention from task-related to task-unrelated thoughts. MW is frequent during learning and negatively correlates with learning outcomes. Therefore, the next generation of intelligent learning technologies should benefit from mechanisms that detect and combat MW. As an initial step in this direction, we used eye-gaze and contextual information (e.g., time into session) to build an automated MW detector as students interact with GuruTutor – an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for biology. Students self-reported MW by responding to pseudorandom thought-probes during the tutoring session while a consumer-grade eye tracker monitored their eye movements. We used supervised machine learning techniques to discriminate between positive and negative responses to the probes in a student-independent fashion. Our best results for detecting MW (F 1 of 0.49) were obtained with an evolutionary approach to develop topologies for neural network classifiers. These outperformed standard classifiers (F 1 of 0.43 with a Bayes net) and a chance baseline (F 1 of 0.19). We discuss our results in the context of integrating MW detection into an attention-aware version of GuruTutor.
Genetic and environmental links between self-reports and parent-reports of child personality

Personality ratings have been consistently found to be reliable and moderately heritable, but interrater agreement between self- and other-report of personality are low-to-moderate, particularly in childhood samples. The current study aims to examine the agreement between child self-reports and parent-informant reports of Big Five personality traits using a genetically informative approach. Using data from a sample of 2756 (982 monozygotic) twins ages six to 21 from The Texas Twin Project, we find that agreement between parent ratings and child-self reports for all Big 5 personality traits are mediated by both genetic and non-shared environmental influences. Models incorporating dominant genetic effects rather than additive genetic effects alone proved to better fit the data. In these models, the effect of additive genetics was strongly reduced or eliminated altogether in favor of strong dominant genetic influences, suggesting that dominant genetic effects play a key role in parent and child ratings of personality and should be more widely incorporated into similar research. Additive genetic effects were observed in parent reports of child extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, but not in any self-vii
Pengaruh motivasi, kepuasan dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada laboratorium pt. Iti-utama

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh antara motivasi, kepuasan dan displin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Inti Teknologi Indonesia Utama. Dalam rangka ikut berpartisipasi dalam melancarkan pembangunan di negara tercinta ini khususnya di bidang jasa pengujian. Maka, PT. Inti Teknologi Indonesia Utama pada awalnya merupakan bagian dari Laboratorium Jurusan Teknik Sipil ITI yang telah banyak berkiprah untuk menjunjang proses pembangunan yang sedang berjalan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Nonprobability sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 99 karyawan di PT. Inti Teknologi Indonesia Utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dilihat dari Nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,884 > 1,6604), mempunyai korelasi positif terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 0,496 dan kontribusi (R2) sebesar 17,9% terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dilihat dari Nilai t hitung > t tabel (5,903 > 1,6604), kepuasan mempunyai korelasi positif terhadap Kinerja Karyawan sebesar 0,175 dan mempunyai kontribusi (R2) sebesar 1,6% terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Disiplin Kerja berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dilihat dari Nilai t hitung > ttabel (8,723 > 1,6604), mempunyai korelasi positif dengan kinerja pegawai sebesar 0,725 dan mempunyai kontribusi (R2) sebesar 1,4% terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Motivasi Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja, dan Disiplin Kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dilihat dari Nilai F hitung > F tabel (7,416 > 2,47), mempunyai kontribusi (R2) sebesar 19% terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Inti Teknologi Indonesia Utama sisanya 81% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Kata kunci: Motivasi, Kepuasan, Disiplin Kerja, Nonprobability sampling, Kinerja.
Synthesis of Radiation Curable Palm Oil–Based Epoxy Acrylate: NMR and FTIR Spectroscopic Investigations

Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing demand for bio-based polymers and resins in industrial applications, due to their potential lower cost and environmental impact compared with petroleum-based counterparts. The present research concerns the synthesis of epoxidized palm oil acrylate (EPOLA) from an epoxidized palm oil product (EPOP) as environmentally friendly material. EPOP was acrylated by acrylic acid via a ring opening reaction. The kinetics of the acrylation reaction were monitored throughout the reaction course and the acid value of the reaction mixture reached 10 mg KOH/g after 16 h, indicating the consumption of the acrylic acid. The obtained epoxy acrylate was investigated intensively by means of FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and the results revealed that the ring opening reaction was completed successfully with an acrylation yield about 82%. The UV free radical polymerization of EPOLA was carried out using two types of photoinitiators. The radiation curing behavior was determined by following the conversion of the acrylate groups. The cross-linking density and the hardness of the cured EPOLA films were measured to evaluate the effect of the photoinitiator on the solid film characteristics, besides, the thermal and mechanical properties were also evaluated.
High-resolution hydrometeorological modelling of the June 2013
flood in southern Alberta, Canada

Abstract. From June 19 to June 22, 2013, intense rainfall and concurrent snowmelt led to devastating floods in the Canadian Rockies, foothills and downstream areas of southern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. The complexity of the topography in the mountain headwaters, presence of snow at high elevations and other factors challenged hydrological forecasting of this extreme event. In this study, the ability of the Global Environmental Multi-scale hydrological modelling platform (GEM-Hydro), running at a 1-km grid spacing, to simulate hydrometeorological conditions in several Alberta rivers during this event is assessed. Four quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products were generated using the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) system by varying (i) station density and (ii) horizontal resolutions (10, 2.5 and 1 km) of the GEM precipitation background. CaPA at 2.5 and 1 km including all available stations in the headwaters provided the most accurate estimation of intensity and total amount of precipitation during the flooding event. Using these products to drive GEM-Hydro, it is shown that QPE accuracy dominates the ability to predict flood volumes. Initial snow conditions also represent a large additional source of uncertainty. Default GEM-Hydro simulations starting with almost no snowpack at high-elevations led to a systematic underestimation of flood volume and peak flow. Gridded estimates of snow water equivalent from the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) were also considered. They led to contrasting abilities to simulate flood discharge volumes and a consistent overestimation in the headwater catchments, illustrating the strong need for a reference snow product in the mountains of Western Canada. Finally, GEM-Hydro did not predict peak flow timing and hydrograph shape well. Model sensitivity tests show that it could be improved by adjusting the Manning coefficients, suggesting the need to revisit the routing parameters. There may be a need to include water management effects on flood hydrographs as well. These results will guide the development of GEM-Hydro as a hydrological forecasting system in Western Canada.