Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opinions and Suggestions of Preschool Teachers Regarding Educational Games and Their Use in Inclusive Settings

The game is the most appropriate learning method for children in pre-school period. In this research, as it is intended to determine the opinions and recommendations of preschool teachers working with children aged between 36-60 months about educational games and their use in learning environment, structured interview technique of qualitative research approach has been used. The data were obtained from written information and interview forms prepared by researchers. The participants have indicated that they believe that the games should be used as a teaching tool in pre-school education environment and family and environment are the two most important factors supporting the game development of a child. The teachers stating that the inclusive students are affirmatively influenced by the peers and adults taking them as a role model pointed out that they do not have any knowledge about the fields of behavioral management, classroom management, and training of language development and social skills for children with special needs so as to include these children into game. Even though they wanted to integrate inclusive students into game depending on their knowledge requirement, they have stated that they cannot intervene efficiently in classroom and behavior management as they integrate the children into game process. Therefore they have indicated that they often restructure the game themselves and integrate the inclusive student into his or her friends’ game through the intervention of an adult. Consequently, in-service training courses intended for planning, practicing and evaluation skills for developing pre-school teachers’ proficiency of game teaching should be arranged and workshops on that topics should be implemented. Key words: Game, Pre-school education, Pre-school teachers, Inclusion
Changes in gene expression by trabecular meshwork cells in response to mechanical stretching.

PURPOSE Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells appear to sense changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) as mechanical stretching. In response, they make homeostatic corrections in the aqueous humor outflow resistance, partially by increasing extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover initiated by the matrix metalloproteinases. To understand this homeostatic adjustment process further, studies were conducted to evaluate changes in TM gene expression that occur in response to mechanical stretching. METHODS Porcine TM cells were subjected to sustained mechanical stretching, and RNA was isolated after 12, 24, or 48 hours. Changes in gene expression were evaluated with microarrays containing approximately 8000 cDNAs. Select mRNA changes were then compared by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western immunoblots were used to determine whether some of these changes were associated with changes in protein levels. RESULTS On the microarrays, 126 genes were significantly upregulated, and 29 genes were significantly downregulated at one or more time points, according to very conservative statistical and biological criteria. Of the genes that changed, several ECM regulatory genes, cytoskeletal-regulatory genes, signal-transduction genes, and stress-response genes were notable. These included several proteoglycans and matricellular ECM proteins composed of common repetitive binding domains. The results of analysis of mRNA changes in more than 20 selected genes by qRT-PCR supported the findings in the microarray analysis. Western immunoblots of several proteins demonstrated protein level changes associated with changes in the level of mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The expression of a variety of TM genes is significantly affected by mechanical stretching. These include several ECM proteins that contain multiple binding sites and may serve organizational roles in the TM. Several proteins that could contribute to the homeostatic modification of aqueous humor outflow resistance are also upregulated or downregulated.
English Learner and Non-English Learner Students With Disabilities

This study investigated the effects of Promoting Adolescent Comprehension Through Text (PACT), a content knowledge and comprehension treatment for English learner and non–English learner students with disabilities who were provided instruction in general education social studies classrooms. Eighth-grade students with disabilities in the treatment condition (n = 59) scored significantly higher than students with disabilities in the comparison condition (n = 89) on a measure of content knowledge (effect size = .51). Students with disabilities in both study groups scored similarly on measures of content reading comprehension and general reading comprehension. In addition, the effect of treatment did not differ between English learner and non–English learner students with disabilities. Overall, the findings support the use of the instructional practices for improving content acquisition in general education social studies classes for English learner and non–English learner students with disabilities.
Considerações a respeito do ciclo de resposta sexual da mulher: uma nova proposta de entendimento

Introducao Apresentamos neste texto uma sintese dos conceitos defendidos por Basson e cols. no artigo “Assessment and management of women’s sexual dysfunctions: problematic desire and arousal”. 1 No referido artigo, os autores afirmam que a falta de desejo espontâneo para envolver-se em atividade sexual e frequentemente referida por mulheres.2-4 A partir desta observacao, a resposta sexual especificamente feminina e reconceituada, alem de ser proposta uma nova sistematizacao das queixas sexuais, levando a revisao das definicoes dos disturbios de desejo e excitacao em mulheres. Basson e cols.1 comentam que o modelo linear de resposta sexual preconizado por Masters e Johnson5 e Kaplan6 descreve fases da resposta sexual numa sequencia invariavel: desejo, excitacao (com importante foco genital), orgasmo e resolucao. As mulheres, entretanto, especialmente em relacionamentos de longo prazo, iniciam e/ou concordam com o sexo por uma variedade de razoes: maior proximidade emocional com o parceiro, sentirse mais atraente e/ou mais atraida, compreender e satisfazer seu proprio senso de interesse/necessidade.7,8 O desejo sexual espontâneo e referido com pouca frequencia.7,9,10 Motivada por uma ou varias razoes, a mulher preocupa-se com o estimulo sexual. Se a estimulacao for apropriada, resultara em excitacao subjetiva. O processamento da informacao sexual e modulado por diversos fatores que podem reduzir a excitacao subjetiva. Entre os fatores biologicos se incluem: fadiga, depressao, efeitos sexualmente negativos de medicacoes, atividade reduzida dos hormonios sexuais, hiperprolactinemia e hipotireoidismo. Fatores psicologicos sao: distracoes da vida diaria, receio de gravidez nao desejada, doencas sexualmente transmissiveis, infertilidade comprovada, experiencias sexuais negativas no passado, inexperiencia ou sentimentos de vergonha e dificuldade.11,12 Mesmo quando inicialmente ausente, o desejo e disparado durante a experiencia, caso a mulher se torne subjetivamente/sexualmente excitada.12-14 Desejo e excitacao entao coincidem e se mesclam. A satisfacao sexual e agora desejada e pode resultar em um ou varios orgasmos. Uma evolucao emocional e fisica positiva permite a ela sentir-se proxima ao seu parceiro, aumentando assim a motivacao sexual subsequente. Neste modelo circular, proposto por Basson,13 a resposta sexual feminina consiste em fases sobrepostas de ordem variavel. O desejo sexual pode nao estar presente inicialmente. A mulher chega a excitacao subjetiva quanto mais sexualmente excitante ela perceba o estimulo15 e por emocoes e cognicoes geradas pela excitacao.16 Essa modulacao da excitacao subjetiva parece ser mais consistente do que a modulacao variavel por feedback da vasocongestao genital. A satisfacao sexual pode ocorrer sem orgasmos. De forma alternativa, os orgasmos podem ser experimentados antes da excitacao maxima e mais orgasmos podem ocorrer no pico de excitacao. Assim, para as mulheres, orgasmo e excitacao nao sao entidades particularmente distintas, conforme assinalam Basson e cols.1
A Brief Review: Explosive Exercises and Sports Performance

Strength and Conditioning Journal 13 in their training regimes (18, 25). It appears that explosive exercises tend to enhance an athlete’s ability to generate high rates of force development (18, 22, 25, 54), whereas slow exercises tend to impair this ability (24, 25, 50). Almost any exercise can be performed explosively depending upon the resistance used. Several studies and review articles have reported evidence and logical arguments for the use of explosive exercises. These types of exercises are marked by highforce, high-velocity movements and are used by athletes who participate in strength and power sports (9, 15, 16, 24, 39, 42). Generally, we can define an explosive exercise as having a maximal or near maximal initial rate of force development that is maintained throughout a specified range of motion. These types of exercises are marked by a rapid initiation of force production and focus on movement accelerations, which result in near maximal or maximal movement velocities at a given resistance. Therefore, a conceptual continuum of explosive exercise can be created (Figure 1). The type of explosive exercise employed in the training program will then dictate the adaptive response of the athlete and will ultimately affect the sports performance. It is likely that improvements in sports performance through the use of explosive exercises may be partially dependent upon the movement and velocity patterns required by the sport and upon the training status of the athlete.
IUScholarWorks at Indiana University South Bend Sequence Periodicity in Nucleosomal DNA and Intrinsic Curvature

Background: Most eukaryotic DNA contained in the nucleus is packaged by wrapping DNA around histone octamers. Histones are ubiquitous and bind most regions of chromosomal DNA. In order to achieve smooth wrapping of the DNA around the histone octamer, the DNA duplex should be able to deform and should possess intrinsic curvature. The deformability of DNA is a result of the non-parallelness of base pair stacks. The stacking interaction between base pairs is sequence dependent. The higher the stacking energy the more rigid the DNA helix, thus it is natural to expect that sequences that are involved in wrapping around the histone octamer should be unstacked and possess intrinsic curvature. Intrinsic curvature has been shown to be dictated by the periodic recurrence of certain dinucleotides. Several genome-wide studies directed towards mapping of nucleosome positions have revealed periodicity associated with certain stretches of sequences. In the current study, these sequences have been analyzed with a view to understand their sequence-dependent structures. Results: Higher order DNA structures and the distribution of molecular bend loci associated with 146 base nucleosome core DNA sequence from C. elegans and chicken have been analyzed using the theoretical model for DNA curvature. The curvature dispersion calculated by cyclically permuting the sequences revealed that the molecular bend loci were delocalized throughout the nucleosome core region and had varying degrees of intrinsic curvature. Conclusions: The higher order structures associated with nucleosomes of C.elegans and chicken calculated from the sequences revealed heterogeneity with respect to the deviation of the DNA axis. The results points to the possibility of context dependent curvature of varying degrees to be associated with nucleosomal DNA.
On the Interpretation of RedShifts : A Quantitative Comparison of RedShift Mechanisms II

This paper gives a compilation of physical mechanisms producing red-shifts of astronomical objects. Over sixty proposed mechanisms are listed here for the purpose of quantitative comparisons. These mechanisms may not individually account for all observations but are adapted to particular situations such as the solar limb redshift, the red-shift of quasars or the cosmological red-shift. However, this paper focuses mainly on 59 mechanisms giving a quantitative description of the red-shift–distance relationship. For each mechanism a description is given with its properties, limits of applicability, functional relationships and a discussion.
The contribution of depressive symptoms to slowness of information processing in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Background: Slowness of information processing has been suggested as a fundamental factor modulating cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the contribution of depressive symptoms (DS) to slowness remains unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses on the impact of depression on the general population suggests that depression interferes only with tasks requiring high cognitive demands. However, no studies have investigated if the same pattern occurs in MS. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the profile of the contribution of DS to slowness. Methods: Four Reaction Time (RT) tasks requiring an increasing level of cognitive demands were administered to 35 relapsing remitting MS patients with DS, 33 MS patients without DS, 17 depressed non-MS patients and 27 controls. Results: MS patients without DS obtained longer RTs than controls in all the tasks. On the contrary, depressed non-MS patients were slower than controls only in the most demanding task. Finally, MS patients with DS were slower than MS patients without DS not only in the most demanding task but also in the task requiring a lower level of cognitive demands. Conclusion: The contribution of DS to slowness depends on the level of cognitive demands. However, its impact on MS is more deleterious than on the general population.
Correcting Specular Noise in Multiple Images of Photographed Documents

Portable digital cameras have become omnipresent. Their low-lost, simplicity to use, flexibility, and good quality images have widened their applicability far beyond their original purpose of taking personal photos. Every day people discover new uses for them from photographing teaching boards to documents. One of the difficulties of using cameras is the occurrence of specular noise whenever the photographed object is glossy. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for removing the specular noise of photographed documents by taking multiple images with different illumination sources.
The Cartter Report on Quality in Graduate Education: Institutional and Divisional Standings Compiled from the Report

THERE is little need for further expression of the widespread interest and general approbation that have been evoked by the . L recent publication of the Cartter Report, An Assessment of Quality in Graduate Education. ' Its detailed evaluation of the quality of graduate faculty and the attractiveness of graduate programs at more than a hundred institutions throughout the United States brings up to date (I964), and provides comparisons with, the earlier assessments of Raymond M. Hughes2 and Hayward Keniston.3 The Cartter Report is considerably more extensive than its predecessors, and has gone to elaborate lengths to establish the validity of its evaluations. Both Allan M. Cartter and the American Council on Education, sponsor of the Report through its Commission on Plans and Objectives for Higher Education, are deserving of the commendation and gratitude of everyone interested in graduate education. The fifty-seven-page heart of the Cartter Report consists of detailed tabular expositions of departmental ratings in almost thirty academic 'Allan M. Cartter (Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, I966). 2A4 Study of the Graduate Schools of America (Oxford, Ohio: Miami University, I925). (Copy prepared by the Miami University Library and kindly made available by H. Bunker Wright, dean of the Graduate School.) 3"Appendix: Standing of American Graduate Departments in the Arts and Sciences," Graduate Study and Research in the Jrts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, i959), pp. X:5-50.
Robot path planning : an object-oriented approach

Path planning has important applications in many areas, for example industrial robotics, autonomous systems, virtual prototyping, and computer-aided drug design. This thesis presents a new framework for developing and evaluating path planning algorithms. The framework is named CoPP (Components for Path Planning). It consists of loosely coupled and reusable components that are useful for building path planning applications. The framework is especially designed to make it easy to do fair comparisons between different path planning algorithms. CoPP is also designed to allow almost any user-defined moving system. The default type of moving system is a robot class, which is capable of describing tree-like kinematic chains. Additional features of this robot class are: joint couplings, numerical or closed-form inverse kinematics, and hierarchical robot representations. The last feature is useful when planning for complex systems like a mobile platform equipped with an arm and a hand. During the last six years, Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) have become a popular framework for developing randomized path planning algorithms. This thesis presents a method for augmenting bidirectional RRT-planners with local trees. For problems where the solution trajectory has to pass through several narrow passages, local trees help to reduce the required planning time. To reduce the work needed for programming of industrial robots, it is desirable to allow task specifications at a very high level, leaving it up to the robot system to figure out what to do. Here we present a fast and flexible pick-and-place planner. Given an object that has to be moved to another position, the planner chooses a suitable grasp of the object and finds motions that bring the object to the desired position. The planner can also handle constraints on, e.g., the orientation of the manipulated object. For planning of pick-and-place tasks it is necessary to choose a grasp suitable to the task. Unless the grasp is given, some sort of grasp planning has to be performed. This thesis presents a fast grasp planner for a three- fingered robot hand. The grasp planner could be used in an industrial setting, where a robot is to pick up irregularly shaped objects from a conveyor belt. In conjunction with grasp planning, a new method for evaluating grasp stability is presented.
Satisfying One’s Needs for Competence and Relatedness

Considering the effect of implicit motives, the current study examined the link between well-being in important life domains, that is, job and relationship, and the satisfaction of needs as proposed by self-determination theory. Data on domain-specific well-being, satisfaction of needs for competence and relatedness, and the implicit achievement and affiliation motives were assessed from 259 German and Cameroonian participants. The achievement motive moderated the relation between competence and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the affiliation motive moderated the association between relatedness and relationship satisfaction. Satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness is linked to higher levels of job and relationship satisfaction, respectively, among individuals with strong implicit motives. Effects were found regardless of participants’ culture of origin. Findings indicate that implicit motives can be understood as weighting dispositions that affect how far experiences of competence and relatedness are linked with satisfaction in relevant life domains.
The Effect of Aesthetic Versus Process Images on Men’s Body Satisfaction

Media research has found that brief exposure to idealized images can negatively affect men’s body satisfaction. However, there has been little variation in the types of images previously used in research. This study aimed to test the predictions of body conceptualization theory by comparing the effects of idealized images that focus on aesthetic (body-as-object; BAO) or functional (body-as-process; BAP) dimensions. It was expected that BAO images would have greater negative effects than BAP or neutral images. Men (N = 125) were randomly assigned to view images representing BAP, BAO, or scenery. They completed pre- and multiple posttest measures of state mood and body satisfaction as well as trait measures of body image. The results showed that exposure to the BAP images resulted in lower levels of fitness and overall appearance satisfaction than the other conditions, with the differences in fitness satisfaction sustaining 5 min postexposure. Furthermore, of the trait measures, fitness orientation and drive for muscularity emerged as important predictors in the BAP condition. These results suggest that men may find images of male models engaged in sports more natural or desirable than posed models, which in turn elicits greater negative self-evaluations. In addition, investment in fitness may serve as a protective factor against negative media effects. ; ;
Altered cancer cell metabolism in gliomas with mutant IDH1 or IDH2

Purpose of review IDH1/2 mutations occur in up to 70% of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. Mutation of these enzymes reduces the wildtype function of the enzyme (conversion of isocitrate to &agr;-ketoglutarate) while conferring a new enzymatic function, the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) from &agr;-ketoglutarate (&agr;-KG). However, it is unclear how these enzymatic changes contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the recent studies that demonstrate how IDH1/2 mutation may alter the metabolism and epigenome of gliomas, how these changes may contribute to tumor formation, and opportunities they might provide for molecular targeting. Recent findings Metabolomic studies of IDH1/2 mutant cells have revealed alterations in glutamine, fatty acid, and citrate synthesis pathways. Additionally, D-2-HG produced by IDH1/2 mutant cells can competitively inhibit &agr;-KG-dependent enzymes, including histone demethylases and DNA hydroxylases, potentially leading to a distinct epigenetic phenotype. Alterations in metabolism and DNA methylation present possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Summary Recent attempts to improve outcomes for glioma patients have resulted in incremental gains. Studies of IDH1/2 mutations have provided mechanistic insights into tumorigenesis and potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Further study of IDH1/2 mutations might allow for improved therapeutic strategies.