Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience with risperidone long-acting injection: results of a naturalistic observation study

Typical antipsychotics are effective in the management of schizophrenia, but are associated with troublesome adverse effects which may lead to treatment discontinuation and relapse. Long-acting depot formulations of these drugs improve patient compliance, but do not reduce the incidence of adverse effects. There is evidence to suggest that newer atypical antipsychotic drugs have a reduced propensity to induce movement disorders and are associated with a modest reduction in relapse rates. The introduction of risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) provided clinicians with the first long-acting formulation of an atypical antipsychotic. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of patients from an acute mental health trust who received RLAI during the 18-month period following its licensing in the UK in order to examine measures of clinical effectiveness, and reasons for treatment discontinuation. Methods. Data were collected retrospectively from medical notes. Results. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study, and at the time of data collection 32 (54%) had discontinued treatment. The most common reason for discontinuation was lack of effectiveness, although all of the patients who discontinued due to lack of response were treatment resistant. RLAI appeared to be well tolerated, with only 12% of patients discontinuing due to adverse effects. Thirty-eight percent of the patients treated with RLAI showed a good response as measured by discharge from inpatient setting, and of the 22 outpatients at time of data collection, five had one re-hospitalisation during the study period. Conclusion. This study concludes that RLAI appears to be well tolerated, and shows some effectiveness in the treatment of schizophrenia, but may not be effective for patients who are treatment resistant.
MR imaging of disorders associated with female infertility: use in diagnosis, treatment, and management.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has extended the usefulness of imaging in evaluation of pelvic disorders associated with female infertility. The causes of female infertility include ovulatory disorders (ie, pituitary adenoma and polycystic ovarian syndrome), disorders of the fallopian tubes (ie, hydrosalpinx and pelvic inflammatory disease), uterine disorders (ie, müllerian duct anomaly, adenomyosis, and leiomyoma), and pelvic endometriosis. Although laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography, and transvaginal ultrasonography are the most effective techniques for evaluation of pelvic disorders related to female infertility, MR imaging is used in a variety of clinical settings in diagnosis, treatment, and management. The applications of MR imaging include evaluation of the functioning uterus and ovaries, visualization of pituitary adenomas, differentiation of müllerian duct anomalies, and accurate noninvasive diagnosis of adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and endometriosis. In addition, MR imaging helps predict the outcome of conservative treatment for adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and endometriosis and may lead to selection of better treatment plans and management. Finally, MR imaging may serve as an adjunct to diagnostic laparoscopy and hysterosalpingography in patients with hydrosalpinx, peritubal adhesions, or pelvic adhesions related to endometriosis.
Retention of an ancestral polymorphism in the Mbuna species flock (Teleostei: Cichlidae) of Lake Malawi

Molecular genetic variation was examined within and among species of the rock­ dwelling cichlid fishes (mbuna) of Lake Malawi. Phylogenetic relationships among mbuna mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes were estimated by using restric­ tion-fragment-length polymorphisms. The distribution of these lineages among mbuna species is of particular significance for phylogenetic systematic study of this fauna. Some species were found to-he polymorphic for divergent haplotypes that substantially predate their isolation from sister taxa. Repeated speciation events among numerous closely related taxa appear to have been so recent that mtDNA lineage sorting among species is incomplete. Thus, the mtDNA gene tree is not congruent with the putative species tree. These results indicate that analysis of mtDNA alone will not be sufficient for resolution of phylogenetic relationships in the mbuna. Clarification of these relationships will require examination ofmultiple nuclear loci, because many of these new markers are also likely to retain ancestral polymorphisms.
A comparison of auditory brain stem evoked potentials in hyperlipidemics and normolipemic subjects

Twenty‐five hyperlipidemic, neurologically and audiologically asymptomatic patients were compared to 20 normolipemic control subjects regarding different interpeak latency differences (IPLD) of auditory brain stem evoked potentials (ABEP). ABEP were recorded in response to click stimuli presented at a rate of 10/sec and 55/sec. The net effect of increasing stimulus rate (ISR) on IPLD of ABEP was significantly greater in the hyperlipidemic patients for IPLD (V‐I) and IPLD (III‐I). ISR of ABEP indicates a trend of subclinical impairments of brain stem function in hyperlipidemic patients, probably due to ischemia accelerated by their condition.
Involvement of Creatine Kinase B in Hepatitis C Virus Genome Replication through Interaction with the Viral NS4A Protein

ABSTRACT Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to identify host cell factor(s) participating in the HCV replication complex (RC) and to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of viral genome replication dependent on the host-derived factor(s) identified. By comparative proteome analysis of RC-rich membrane fractions and subsequent gene silencing mediated by RNA interference, we identified several candidates for RC components involved in HCV replication. We found that one of these candidates, creatine kinase B (CKB), a key ATP-generating enzyme that regulates ATP in subcellular compartments of nonmuscle cells, is important for efficient replication of the HCV genome and propagation of infectious virus. CKB interacts with HCV NS4A protein and forms a complex with NS3-4A, which possesses multiple enzyme activities. CKB upregulates both NS3-4A-mediated unwinding of RNA and DNA in vitro and replicase activity in permeabilized HCV replicating cells. Our results support a model in which recruitment of CKB to the HCV RC compartment, which has high and fluctuating energy demands, through its interaction with NS4A is important for efficient replication of the viral genome. The CKB-NS4A association is a potential target for the development of a new type of antiviral therapeutic strategy.
The Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure of Feline Calicivirus Bound to Junctional Adhesion Molecule A at 9-Angstrom Resolution Reveals Receptor-Induced Flexibility and Two Distinct Conformational Changes in the Capsid Protein VP1

ABSTRACT Caliciviridae are small icosahedral positive-sense RNA-containing viruses and include the human noroviruses, a leading cause of infectious acute gastroenteritis and feline calicivirus (FCV), which causes respiratory illness and stomatitis in cats. FCV attachment and entry is mediated by feline junctional adhesion molecule A (fJAM-A), which binds to the outer face of the capsomere, inducing a conformational change in the capsid that may be important for viral uncoating. Here we present the results of our structural investigation of the virus-receptor interaction and ensuing conformational changes. Cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction were used to solve the structure of the virus decorated with a soluble fragment of the receptor at subnanometer resolution. In initial reconstructions, the P domains of the capsid protein VP1 and fJAM-A were poorly resolved. Sorting experiments led to improved reconstructions of the FCV–fJAM-A complex both before and after the induced conformational change, as well as in three transition states. These data showed that the P domain becomes flexible following fJAM-A binding, leading to a loss of icosahedral symmetry. Furthermore, two distinct conformational changes were seen; an anticlockwise rotation of up to 15° of the P domain was observed in the AB dimers, while tilting of the P domain away from the icosahedral 2-fold axis was seen in the CC dimers. A list of putative contact residues was calculated by fitting high-resolution coordinates for fJAM-A and VP1 to the reconstructed density maps, highlighting regions in both virus and receptor important for virus attachment and entry.
Diffusion of an Online Collaboration Tool: The Case of Google Wave Adoption Failure

The research set to understand reasons for the failure of Google Wave adoption. Based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory, this research employed the content analysis method to analyze secondary data from online forums that discussed the failure of Google Wave. Additionally, primary data were collected from early adopters who had discontinued using Google Wave. The research adds to the literature on adoption of online collaboration tools. It discusses factors accounting for Google Wave failure. Complexity and a lack of relative advantage are found as most-frequently-cited reasons for the failure. The invite-only policy is also cited as one of the main reasons. For academics, this paper highlights the importance of group decision-making as individual adopters with no one to use a tool with will eventually result in rejection of the tool. For collaboration tool developers, the research highlights the conflict between being an all-in-one tool and keeping the tool simple.
Computed tomographic features of the feline brain change with advancing age

A better understanding of normal or expected encephalic changes with increasing age in cats is needed as a growing number of these animals is attended in veterinary clinics, and imaging data referring to normal age-associated changes are extremely scarce in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify age-related changes in feline brain using CT imaging. Fifteen non-brachycephalic healthy cats with age between 1 to 6 years (adult group) and others over 12 years (geriatric group) were submitted to CT scan of the brain. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for the ability to identify the left lateral ventricle and for falx cerebri calcification, both identified in a greater number of cats of the geriatric group. A significantly higher mean width of the third ventricle was also detected in geriatric animals. There were no statistically significant differences between lateral ventricular dimensions and encephalic parenchymal attenuation on pre and post-contrast CT phases. The results of the present study show an increase in the incidence of falx cerebri calcification and a third ventricular dilatation with advancing age in cats. Future researches using MRI scanners and a greater quantity of cats are needed in order to identify supplementary age-related changes.
Reconciling Archival and Experimental Research: Does Internal Audit Contribution Affect the External Audit Fee?

ABSTRACT: Consistent with guidelines from external auditing standards, experimental and survey research suggests that an internal audit function (IAF) can contribute in ways that lead to decreased external audit fees; however, research using archival methodologies generally finds either no relation or a positive relation between proxies for IAF contribution and external audit fees. In this paper, we provide new evidence using a unique and previously unavailable data set to develop archival proxies of internal audit contribution. We find that archival proxies for the contribution of internal audit based on Statement of Audited Standards (SAS) No. 65 are associated with lower unexpected external audit fees. We show that proxies used in prior archival studies are limited in their ability to capture the IAF's potential contribution to external auditing, and suggest that the lack of high-quality proxies could help explain the divergent findings of experimental and survey-based studies in relation to archival .
Approaches to Learning and Age in Predicting College Students' Academic Achievement.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the approaches to learning and age are significantly correlated to grade point average (GPA) in early childhood education students. In addition, another purpose of this study is to determine whether approaches to learning and age predicted students’ GPAs in the Early Childhood Education Department. The sampling of the study consists of 166 students in total (158 female and 8 male; 86 junior and 80 senior) who studied at Georgia Southern University in the United States of America College of Education, Teaching and Learning Department’s Early Childhood Education program. The research model is a prediction study. The data in this study was collected using the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and a personal information form. The findings were as follow: there was a positive relationship between students’ GPAs and the deep approach. There was a negative relationship between GPAs and the surface approach. There was no significant relationship between GPAs and approaches to the total score of learning. While there were no significant relationships between students’ ages and deep motivation and surface motivation strategies, an association was found between age and approaches to total scores of learning total . The approaches to total score of learning were not significant predictors of GPA.
Energy Supply and ULP Detection Circuits for an RFID Localization System in 130 nm CMOS

This paper presents both an integrated energy supply and detection circuits for an RFID localization system. The equations to calculate the expected AC antenna voltage are presented as well as a fast method to calculate the expected output voltage from a rectifier. An ultra low power voltage detection circuit is described which monitors the output voltage of the rectifier and consumes only 3 nW. Also the input of the rectifier is monitored by an input power dip detection circuit, which provides a pulse whenever the amplitude of the AC antenna signal drops to zero. This circuit too, is ultra low power and consumes only 5 nW from a 0.5 V supply. It can even serve as an OOK demodulator for bitrates up to 6.7 kbps. All circuits have been designed in a 130 nm CMOS process. Measurement results are presented for all circuits.
The rare silver gum, Eucalyptus cordata, is leaving its trace in the organellar gene pool of Eucalyptus globulus

The process of genetic assimilation of rare species by hybridizing congeners has been documented in a number of plant genera. This raises the possibility that some of the genetic diversity found in phylogeographical studies of widespread species has been acquired through hybridization with species that are now rare or extinct. In this fine‐scale phylogeographical analysis, we show that a rare eucalypt species is leaving its trace in the chloroplast genome of a more abundant congener. The heart‐leafed silver gum, Eucalyptus cordata, is a rare endemic of south‐eastern Tasmania. Its populations are scattered amidst populations of more abundant related species, including the Tasmanian blue gum, Eucalyptus globulus. Using 339 samples from across the full range of both species, we compared chloroplast (cp) DNA haplotype phylogeography in E. globulus and E. cordata. The genealogy and distribution of chloroplast haplotypes suggest that E. globulus has acquired cpDNA from E. cordata in at least four different mixed populations. Shared haplotypes are highest in E. globulus sampled within 2 km of known E. cordata populations and drop to zero at a distance of 25 km from the nearest known E. cordata population. Localized haplotype sharing occurs in the absence of obvious hybrid zones or locally shared nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Given that the future loss of E. cordata from some mixed populations is likely, these findings indicate that phylogeographical analyses of organellar DNA should consider the possibility of introgression, even from species that have been eliminated from the sites of interest.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KONDISI FINANCIAL DISTRESS PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Laporan keuangan merupakan sebuah informasi yang mencerminkan kondisi permodalan, kualitas aktiva, profitabilitas, dan likuiditas dari suatu perusahaan. Informasi dalam laporan keuangan mengandung informasi kinerja keuangan dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kesehatan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kinerja keuangan dalam memprediksi kondisi kesehatan (financial disstres) perusahaan, yaitu antara perusahaan yang sehat dan perusahaan yang tidak sehat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris yang menggunakan data sekunder. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2002 sampai 2005. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling yaitu berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 43 perusahaan. Kinerja keuangan yang digunakan adalah rasio profit margin (NI/S), rasio likuiditas (CA/CL, WC/TA, CA/TA, NFA/TA), rasio efisiensi operasi (S/TA, S/CA, S/WC), rasio profitabilitas (NI/TA, NI/EQ), rasio leverage (TI/TA, CL/TA, EQ/TA), dan rasio posisi kas (CASH/CL CASH/TA). Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis binary logistic regression dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Rasio keuangan yang secara individu berpengaruh terhadap financial distress adalah likuiditas (CA/CL dan rasio posisi kas (CASH/TA)), sedangkan variabel lainnya tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel CA/CL dan CASH/TA dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi financial distress pada tahun berikutnya; (2) Rasio profit margin (NI/S), rasio likuiditas (CA/CL, WC/TA, CA/TA, NFA/TA), rasio efisiensi operasi (S/TA, S/CA, S/WC), rasio profitabilitas (NI/TA, NI/EQ), rasio leverage (TI/TA, CL/TA, EQ/TA), dan rasio posisi kas (CASH/CL CASH/TA) memiliki pengaruh terhadap financial distress. Hasil pengujian goodness of fit dengan uji Hosmer and Lomeshow Test diperoleh nilai Chi Square Test sebesar 7,259 dengan p=0,509. Dikarenakan nilai probabilitas ditolak pada taraf signifikansi 5% (p>0,05), maka H1 diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio keuangan perusahaan dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi financial distress pada tahun berikutnya.
Intraarterial abciximab for treatment of thromboembolism during coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms: outcome and fatal hemorrhagic complications.

OBJECT Experience with intraarterial abciximab for the treatment of thromboembolism during endovascular coil embolization is limited. The authors report the outcome of intraarterial abciximab use, with an emphasis on fatal hemorrhagic complications. METHODS Between March 2003 and May 2006, the authors treated 606 aneurysms by using endovascular coil embolization, and in 32 (5.3%) of these aneurysms (31 patients) an intraarterial thrombus developed. Sixteen of these aneurysms were ruptured and the other 16 were unruptured. Arterial thrombi were totally occlusive in 3 and partially occlusive in the remaining 29 cases. Intraarterial abciximab was administered at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml as a bolus of 4-15 mg over a period of 15-30 minutes. RESULTS Complete thrombolysis was achieved in 17 (53%) and partial thrombolysis in 15 (47%) of 32 lesions. Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) were asymptomatic after abciximab thrombolysis, but 3 had postprocedural rebleeding that occurred after abciximab treatment; all of these patients had recently experienced an aneurysm rupture. Of these patients, 1 displayed severe thrombocytopenia and the other 2 showed a > 25% reduction in platelet count after abciximab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intraarterial abciximab is effective for the treatment of thromboembolic complications that occur during intracranial aneurysm coil insertion. Nevertheless, attention should be paid to prevent potentially fatal complications such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage, especially in patients with a ruptured aneurysm.
Journal of Circadian Rhythms Daily Rhythm of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity

Background: CBFV (cerebral blood flow velocity) is lower in the morning than in the afternoon and evening. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the time of day changes in CBFV: 1) CBFV changes are due to sleep-associated processes or 2) time of day changes in CBFV are due to an endogenous circadian rhythm independent of sleep. The aim of this study was to examine CBFV over 30 hours of sustained wakefulness to determine whether CBFV exhibits fluctuations associated with time of day.
WHY ARE ASSET RETURNS MORE VOLATILE DURING RECESSIONS? A THEORETICAL EXPLANATION

During recession, many macroeconomic variables display higher levels of volatility. We show how introducing an AR(1)-ARCH(1) driving pro- cess into the canonical Lucas consumption CAPM framework can account for the empirically observed greater volatilty of asset returns during re- cessions. In particular, agents' joint forecasting of levels and time-varying second moments transforms symmetric-volatility driving processes into asymmetric-volatility endogenous variables. Moreover, numerical exam- ples show that the model can indeed account for the degree of cyclical variation in both bond and equity returns in the U.S. data. Finally, we argue that the underlying mechanism is not speci.c to . nancial markets, and has the potential to explain cyclical variation in the volatilities of a wide variety of macroeconomic variables.
Dynamics of Glycolytic Regulation during Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Fermentative Metabolism

ABSTRACT The ability of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to rapidly increase its glycolytic flux upon a switch from respiratory to fermentative sugar metabolism is an important characteristic for many of its multiple industrial applications. An increased glycolytic flux can be achieved by an increase in the glycolytic enzyme capacities (V max) and/or by changes in the concentrations of low-molecular-weight substrates, products, and effectors. The goal of the present study was to understand the time-dependent, multilevel regulation of glycolytic enzymes during a switch from fully respiratory conditions to fully fermentative conditions. The switch from glucose-limited aerobic chemostat growth to full anaerobiosis and glucose excess resulted in rapid acceleration of fermentative metabolism. Although the capacities (V max) of the glycolytic enzymes did not change until 45 min after the switch, the intracellular levels of several substrates, products, and effectors involved in the regulation of glycolysis did change substantially during the initial 45 min (e.g., there was a buildup of the phosphofructokinase activator fructose-2,6-bisphosphate). This study revealed two distinct phases in the upregulation of glycolysis upon a switch to fermentative conditions: (i) an initial phase, in which regulation occurs completely through changes in metabolite levels; and (ii) a second phase, in which regulation is achieved through a combination of changes in V max and metabolite concentrations. This multilevel regulation study qualitatively explains the increase in flux through the glycolytic enzymes upon a switch of S. cerevisiae to fermentative conditions and provides a better understanding of the roles of different regulatory mechanisms that influence the dynamics of yeast glycolysis.