Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Entrepreneurship: Linking With Economic Growth and Employment Generation (A Panel Data Analysis)

The need for entrepreneurship for economic development has always been crucial in the history of successful nations and developed economies because entrepreneurs are the leaders who invent innovative ideas that give spark to economic activities. Entrepreneurship is a key determinant of sustainable growth in modern times. Mostly jobs are produced by small businesses started by entrepreneurial mind persons, many of them set up large companies. Entrepreneurship is frequently expressed in terms of higher self esteem, to exercise creative freedoms, and an overall greater sense of control over their own lives. Many economists and educators believe that these types of experienced entrepreneurs foster the robust entrepreneurial culture that exploit personal and communal economic and social success at sub-national, national, and international level. A strand of literature explains different categories of entrepreneurship, which are of paramount importance in explaining the economic growth, employment and population. The task of this study is to identify those factors along with the role of education, Research and Development activities which significantly explain the entrepreneurial potential and skills and at the second stage, to examine the impact of those entrepreneurial skills on economic growth and employment. To complete the task, micro panel data approach with different economic models and econometric estimation techniques (i.e. Stepwise Least Square with Forward Selection method and Pooled Least Square without random and fixed effects) is used. The panel data includes the observations on eight upper middle and lower middle income countries over the period ranging from 2005 to 2011.
Chorioamnionitis and Lung Injury in Preterm Newborns

There is a strong evidence that histologic chorioamnionitis is associated with a reduction of incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Short-term maturational effects on the lungs of extremely premature infants seem to be, however, accompanied by a greater susceptibility of the lung, eventually contributing to an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Genetic susceptibility to BPD is an evolving area of research and several studies have directly related the risk of BPD to genomic variants. There is a substantial heterogeneity across the studies in the magnitude of the association between chorioamnionitis and BPD, and whether or not the association is statistically significant. Considerable variation is largely dependent on differences of inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as on clinical and histopathological definitions. The presence of significant publication bias may exaggerate the magnitude of the association. Controlling for publication bias may conduct to adjusted results that are no longer significant. Recent studies generally seem to confirm the effect of chorioamnionitis on RDS incidence, while no effect on BPD is seen. Recent data suggest susceptibility for subsequent asthma to be increased on long-term followup. Additional research on this field is needed.
Three Metrics for Locating Program Features in Large Complicated Software Systems An Extended

One of the most important steps towards effective software maintenance of a large complicated system is to understand how program features are spread over the entire system and their interactions with the program components. However, before we can have such an understanding, we must first be able to represent anabstractfeature in terms of some concreteprogram components. In this paper, we use an execution slicebased technique to identify the basic blocks which are used to implemented a program feature. Three metrics are then defined, based on this identification, to determine quantitatively, the distance between a component and a feature, the concentration of a feature in a component, and the dedication of a component to a feature. The computation of these metrics is supported by an automated tool, which makes them immediately applicable in real-life contexts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by experimenting with a reliability and performance evaluator. Results of our study indicate that these metrics can provide a feel of cl senessbetween a feature and a program component which can be useful for software programmers and maintainers to better understand the system at hand.
Closest pair queries in spatial databases

This paper addresses the problem of finding the K closest pairs between two spatial data sets, where each set is stored in a structure belonging in the R-tree family. Five different algorithms (four recursive and one iterative) are presented for solving this problem. The case of 1 closest pair is treated as a special case. An extensive study, based on experiments performed with synthetic as well as with real point data sets, is presented. A wide range of values for the basic parameters affecting the performance of the algorithms, especially the effect of overlap between the two data sets, is explored. Moreover, an algorithmic as well as an experimental comparison with existing incremental algorithms addressing the same problem is presented. In most settings, the new algorithms proposed clearly outperform the existing ones.
Mediterranean diet and incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease and stroke in women

In this study, we prospectively assessed the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. 74,886 women aged 38‐63 in the Nurses' Health Study, without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes were followed from 1984 to 2004. We computed an alternate Mediterranean diet score from dietary data collected through validated food frequency questionnaires administered 6 times during follow‐up. Relative risks for incident CHD, stroke, and combined fatal CVD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for CVD risk factors. During 20 years of follow‐up, 2391 incident cases of CHD, 1763 incident cases of stroke, and 1077 CVD deaths (fatal CHD and strokes combined) were ascertained. Women in the top aMed quintile were at lower risk for both CHD and stroke compared with the bottom quintile (RR=0.71 (95%CI=0.62‐0.82; p trend< 0.0001) for CHD; RR=0.87 (95% CI=0.73‐1.02; p trend=0.03) for stroke). CVD mortality was significantly lower among women in the top quintile of the aMed (RR=0.61, 95g% CI=0.49‐0.76, p trend<0.0001).
Skills and performance

The motivation behind skills development in the last decade has been strongly influenced by the belief that it contributes to performance. This paper explores some of the problems that exist in establishing a causal link between skills and organisational performance and, in the process, attempts to re-establish skill as a frame of reference in its own right rather than as a contributor to management goals.
Increased Myeloperoxidase Activity and Protein Nitration Are Indicators of Inflammation in Patients with Chagas' Disease

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory responses contribute to oxidative/nitrosative stress in patients with Chagas' disease. We used three tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immuno-flow cytometry, and STAT-PAK immunochromatography) to screen human serum samples (n = 1,481) originating from Chiapas, Mexico, for Trypanosoma cruzi-specific antibodies. We identified 121 subjects who were seropositive for T. cruzi-specific antibodies, a finding indicative of an 8.5% seroprevalence in the rural population from Chiapas. Seropositive and seronegative subjects were examined for plasma levels of biomarkers of inflammation, i.e., myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and xanthine oxidase (XOD), as well as for oxidative (advanced oxidation protein products [AOPPs]) and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine [3NT]) biomarkers. The seropositive subjects exhibited a significant increase in MPO activity and protein level, the indicator of neutrophil activation. Subsequently, a corresponding increase in AOPP contents, formed by MPO-dependent hypochlorous acid and chloramine formation, was noted in seropositive subjects. The plasma level of 3NT was significantly increased in seropositive subjects, yet we observed no change in XOD activity (O2− source) and nitrate/nitrite contents (denotes iNOS activation and NO production), which implied that direct peroxynitrite formation does not contribute to increased nitrosative damage in chagasic subjects. Instead, a positive correlation between increased MPO activity and protein 3NT formation was observed, which suggested to us that MPO-dependent formation of nitrylchloride that occurs in the presence of physiological NO and O2− concentrations contributes to protein nitration. Overall, our data demonstrate that T. cruzi-induced neutrophil activation is pathological and contributes to MPO-mediated collateral protein oxidative and nitrosative damage in human patients with Chagas' disease. Therapies capable of suppressing MPO activity may be useful in controlling the inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative pathology in chagasic cardiomyopathy.
The Predictive Information Content of External Imbalances for Exchange Rate Returns: How Much Is It Worth?

Abstract This paper examines the exchange rate predictability stemming from the equilibrium model of international financial adjustment developed by Gourinchas and Rey (2007). Using predictive variables that measure cyclical external imbalances for country pairs, we assess the ability of this model to forecast out-of-sample four major U.S. dollar exchange rates using various economic criteria of model evaluation. The analysis shows that the model provides economic value to a risk-averse investor, delivering substantial utility gains when switching from a portfolio strategy based on the random walk benchmark to one that conditions on cyclical external imbalances.
Validation of the French version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE To assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire (HSOPSC) and study the hierarchical structure of the measured dimensions. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of the safety culture. SETTING 18 acute care units of seven hospitals in South-western France. PARTICIPANTS Full- and part-time healthcare providers who worked in the units. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Item responses measured with 5-point agreement or frequency scales. Data analyses A principal component analysis was used to identify the emerging components. Two structural equation modeling methods [LInear Structural RELations (LISREL) and Partial Least Square (PLS)] were used to verify the model and to study the relative importance of the dimensions. Internal consistency of the retained dimensions was studied. A test-retest was performed to assess reproducibility of the items. RESULTS Overall response rate was 77% (n = 401). A structure in 40 items grouped in 10 dimensions was proposed. The LISREL approach showed acceptable data fit of the proposed structure. The PLS approach indicated that three dimensions had the most impact on the safety culture: 'Supervisor/manager expectations & actions promoting safety' 'Organizational learning-continuous improvement' and 'Overall perceptions of safety'. Internal consistency was above 0.70 for six dimensions. Reproducibility was considered good for four items. CONCLUSIONS The French HSOPSC questionnaire showed acceptable psychometric properties. Classification of the dimensions should guide future development of safety culture improving action plans.
Prostaglandin E2 Exerts Multiple Regulatory Actions on Human Obese Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Inflammation, Adaptive Thermogenesis and Lipolysis

Obesity induces white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction characterized by unremitting inflammation and fibrosis, impaired adaptive thermogenesis and increased lipolysis. Prostaglandins (PGs) are powerful lipid mediators that influence the homeostasis of several organs and tissues. The aim of the current study was to explore the regulatory actions of PGs in human omental WAT collected from obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. In addition to adipocyte hypertrophy, obese WAT showed remarkable inflammation and total and pericellular fibrosis. In this tissue, a unique molecular signature characterized by altered expression of genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis and WAT browning was identified by microarray analysis. Targeted LC-MS/MS lipidomic analysis identified increased PGE2 levels in obese fat in the context of a remarkable COX-2 induction and in the absence of changes in the expression of terminal prostaglandin E synthases (i.e. mPGES-1, mPGES-2 and cPGES). IPA analysis established PGE2 as a common top regulator of the fibrogenic/inflammatory process present in this tissue. Exogenous addition of PGE2 significantly reduced the expression of fibrogenic genes in human WAT explants and significantly down-regulated Col1α1, Col1α2 and αSMA in differentiated 3T3 adipocytes exposed to TGF-β. In addition, PGE2 inhibited the expression of inflammatory genes (i.e. IL-6 and MCP-1) in WAT explants as well as in adipocytes challenged with LPS. PGE2 anti-inflammatory actions were confirmed by microarray analysis of human pre-adipocytes incubated with this prostanoid. Moreover, PGE2 induced expression of brown markers (UCP1 and PRDM16) in WAT and adipocytes, but not in pre-adipocytes, suggesting that PGE2 might induce the trans-differentiation of adipocytes towards beige/brite cells. Finally, PGE2 inhibited isoproterenol-induced adipocyte lipolysis. Taken together, these findings identify PGE2 as a regulator of the complex network of interactions driving uncontrolled inflammation and fibrosis and impaired adaptive thermogenesis and lipolysis in human obese visceral WAT.
Dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents: a comparison of 16-week and 24-week programmes delivered in a public community setting.

BACKGROUND Dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) is an intervention with a growing evidence base for treating adolescents with emotional and behavioural dysregulation. Previous studies have reported on varying lengths of treatment, however, and optimal treatment duration has not yet been identified. While the treatment developers initially proposed a 16-week programme, they have more recently recommended an extension to 24 weeks. This study compares outcomes for adolescents and parent/guardians who participated in 16- and 24-week DBT-A programmes in a community setting. METHODS Eighty-four adolescents and 100 parent/guardians participated in 16-week DBT-A, while 68 adolescents and 67 parent/guardians participated in the 24-week programme. Outcome measures for adolescents included the presence and frequency of self-harm, suicidal ideation and depression; and for parents were burden, grief and parental stress. Outcomes were assessed at pre- and postintervention. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the treatment duration effect (24-week vs. 16-week) utilising all available data at pre- and postintervention. RESULTS Data analyses showed a reduction in the presence and frequency of self-harm at postintervention for adolescents in both programmes. Both adolescent and parent participants in the 16- and 24-week programmes also showed changes indicating significant improvement on all self-report outcome measures (p < .05). A treatment duration effect was identified with adolescents in the 24-week programme reporting greater gains on measures of suicidal ideation and depression (p < .05). However, drop-out rates were higher for the 24-week programme. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study indicate that 24-week DBT-A may have additional benefits in comparison to 16-week DBT-A in terms of further reductions in suicidal ideation and depression. Given the nature of this study, it was not possible to explore a potential time effect, however, so these results should be interpreted with caution. Further research will assist in determining an optimal programme duration of DBT-A.
An Augmented Reality Based Learning Assistant for Electric Bass Guitar

We present a system that assists beginner level musicians in learning of electric bass guitar. Using an electric bass guitar as a case study, one goal of our system is to accelerate the process of associating a musical score, sounds represented by that score and the fingerboard. The general idea is to synthesize the bass part of a score, one note at a time, using the sound hardware on a computer and visually put a red mark, for that note in time, on the fingerboard through a head-worn display. Upon marking a note, our system will wait until the user finds that note and puts their finger on that note. Using computer vision techniques, we can evaluate if the user is pressing on the correct fret at that point in time. We believe that augmented reality has the potential to eliminate the perceptual and cognitive discontinuities, that occur during the conventional way (without augmented reality) of learning of instruments, by dynamically overlaying appropriate information in the same field of view.
Parents of Children with Significant Disabilities Describe Their Children’s Eating Habits: A Phenomenological Study

This qualitative phenomenological study, through interviews, aimed to understand the experiences of parents of children with significant multiple disabilities about their children’s eating habits. Review of literature indicated disparities in health between people with significant disabilities (SD) that include intellectual disabilities (ID), intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD), or multiple impairments (MI) and people who are typically developing. People with significant disabilities are at a higher risk for obesity, future weight gain, underweight and/or malnutrition, adherence to a less-healthy diet, and problem behaviors during meal time. Semi-structured initial and follow-up interviews used general questions to gather data, which were subsequently coded and examined for themes across participants. Five themes emerged from the interviews and were compared to findings in the literature. This study included some unique characteristics: detailed descriptions of the children’s eating habits, family experiences around these habits, and what habits are going well for the children.
Histamine-HisCl1 Receptor Axis Regulates Wake-Promoting Signals in Drosophila melanogaster

Histamine and its two receptors, histamine-gated chloride channel subunit 1 (HisCl1) and ora transientless (Ort), are known to control photoreception and temperature sensing in Drosophila. However, histamine signaling in the context of neural circuitry for sleep-wake behaviors has not yet been examined in detail. Here, we obtained mutant flies with compromised or enhanced histamine signaling and tested their baseline sleep. Hypomorphic mutations in histidine decarboxylase (HDC), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion from histidine to histamine, caused an increase in sleep duration. Interestingly, hisCl1 mutants but not ort mutants showed long-sleep phenotypes similar to those in hdc mutants. Increased sleep duration in hisCl1 mutants was rescued by overexpressing hisCl1 in circadian pacemaker neurons expressing a neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF). Consistently, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of hisCl1 in PDF neurons was sufficient to mimic hisCl1 mutant phenotypes, suggesting that PDF neurons are crucial for sleep regulation by the histamine-HisCl1 signaling. Finally, either hisCl1 mutation or genetic ablation of PDF neurons dampened wake-promoting effects of elevated histamine signaling via direct histamine administration. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate that the histamine-HisCl1 receptor axis can activate and maintain the wake state in Drosophila and that wake-activating signals may travel via the PDF neurons.
SPATIAL DETERMINANTS OF REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY IN TURKISH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: AN ANALYSIS FOR THE REGIONS OF TURKEY

Discussions of this paper are based on arguments from the new economic geography literature suggesting that agglomeration economies enhance productivity and productive regions grow more rapidly as a result (Rosenthal, Strange, 2004). Although previous studies done on Turkish regions do not mention the relation between regional productivity and regional specialization in a direct way, based on their findings it can be stated that economic activity in Turkey is mainly localized in major metropolitan areas as well as a set of emerging regions (Eraydın, 2002; Falcıoğlu and Akgüngör, 2008; Öz, 2001; TÜSİAD/DPT, 2005). The aim of this paper is to complement the findings of the studies on reasons of regional productivity differences in Turkey’s manufacturing industry by exploring the spatial determinants of productivity of Turkish regions.
Cytogenetic Analysis of 33 Basal Cell Carcinomas 1

Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultures from 33 basal cell carci nomas (BCC), a type of neoplasm for which no previous karyological data exist, revealed clonal chromosome aberrations, all of them different, in 8 tumors. In 2 cases, 2 cytogenetically unrelated clones were detected, suggesting a multicellular origin in at least a subset of BCC. A remarkably high level of nonclonal structural rearrangements, mostly in the form of seemingly balanced translocations, was found in 23 tumors; namely, in 6 of 8 BCC with clonal karyotypic abnormalities and in 17 of 25 without. It is possible that some of these aberrations represent additional neoplastic clones, thus indicating an even higher level of Cytogenetic heter ogeneity in BCC. We think that the most likely interpretation of the results is that BCC may have a multicellular origin, reflecting field cancerization of the skin. During subsequent tumor development, the selection pressure narrows down the number of clones that infiltrate the surrounding tissue. The finding by karyotypic analysis of some apparently monoclonal, some polyclonal BCC, may reflect that different tumors have been examined at different points in the clonal evolution of the neoplastic cells.
‘If you write poems, it’s like a crime there’: an intersectional perspective on migration, literacy practices, and identity curation

ABSTRACT This article offers an alternative point of view on the perspectives that large-scale literacy surveys provide on refugee women by presenting the case of Darya, a young Afghan woman who moved to Canada as a refugee in 2009. It also presents how a community-based organisation for young people addressed Darya’s literacy and identity curation practices, and life situation in their everyday activities. The original study this paper is based on adopted an ethnographic and participatory approach. For the purpose of this paper, only the data relating to Darya was retained and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings illustrate how exploring the intersections between gender, race, and religion is a fruitful lens to adopt in order to understand young refugee and migrant women’s literacy learning and practices. The data suggest that the community-based organisation provided a positive space not just for literacy learning but also for important identity work. It did so by 1) grounding its activities in young people’s lives and practices, 2) aiming to foster confidence building and autonomy, 3) being open to multilingualism and multimodality, and 4) focusing on young people’s futures. The findings also illuminate the need to train youth workers about cultural responsiveness.