Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive feelings and cooperative support in project groups

This study examined the question how feelings mediate cooperative support in temporary work units, i.e. project groups. Tests and questionnaires were administered on three occasions during projects. Data were gathered from 150 undergraduate students who worked together in 39 project groups. Required tasks were to plan, conduct, analyze, and report an empirical study within a period of 3 to 4 months. The groups were led by members of the educational staff who monitored the progress of task accomplishment. It was established that cooperative support within the groups was strongly influenced by positive mood and group atmosphere, thus confirming the conceptual framework of organizational spontaneity. Implications for research and application are discussed.
Comparing Reports of Health-Seeking Behavior From the Integrated Illness History and a Standard Child Morbidity Survey

The Integrated Illness History (IIH) is a concurrent mixed methods adaptation of event history narratives to study illnesses in social context. Qualitative and quantitative techniques are integrated in the instrument design, interview, and data analysis. This method permits the simultaneous collection of qualitative and quantitative data about perceptions of an illness, the sequence of illness-related events, and the context of seeking care. A standard pattern of open- and closed-ended questions and a systematic method of recall guide the interview. Responses are recorded in a time-by-event matrix using codes and text. Spontaneous, open-ended probes about observed behavioral patterns complete the interview. Comparing care-takers' responses to episodes of diarrhea among their children obtained using the IIH and a standard child morbidity questionnaire in Minya, Egypt, demonstrates that the IIH gathers novel and more complete information about care seeking for sick children in this setting.
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON SOME HERITABLE PROPERTIES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

SUMMARY: Populations of a predominantly tetracycline-resistant, penicillinase-positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus grown at 43-44° gave rise to progressively increasing proportions of tetracycline-sensitive and penicillinase-negative cocci. The losses did not appear until after the elapse of a number of generations at the elevated temperature, and then apparently proceeded independently, tetracycline resistance being lost more rapidly than the ability to produce penicillinase. Tetracycline-sensitive and penicillinase-negative variants were extremely stable and the growth rates at 44° of the parent strain and the tetracycline-sensitive variants were indistinguishable. Screening for numerous other ‘marker’ properties revealed no changes under the test conditions. The evidence suggests that tetracycline resistance and penicillinase-forming ability probably depend on the presence of two different plasmids in the cocci; that the replication-rates of the plasmids at elevated temperature are less than that of the cocci; and that the plasmids, once lost, are not spontaneously resynthesized nor, at least for that conferring tetracycline resistance, regained by infection. However, such a hypothesis raises the question of how equilibrium, particularly between the tetracycline-resistant and -sensitive cocci, is maintained in a population growing at 37° and observed to change in one direction but never in the reverse direction.
The Power of Touch: Nonverbal Communication Within Married Dyads

Researchers have suggested that one function of touch in mixed-sex interactions is to exert influence over another person. Yet theories offer different explanations as to when women and men will use touch as an influence strategy. The gender politics hypothesis proposes that men touch more as a way to maintain inequalities present in society. In turn, the dyadic power theory proposes that both women and men will touch more depending on their goals in a given situation. The person initiating a topic of disagreement is more likely to touch in order to try and influence the other person to agree with his or her position. However, researchers have rarely examined the different assertions of these theories within intimate relationships. The present study, with 67 married heterosexual couples, was designed to provide an initial test of these theories. The authors focused on four types of touch across two problem-solving topics: one chosen by each spouse. Consistent with the dyadic power theory, results indicated that when couples discussed topics chosen by wives, wives exhibited more touches. However, no differences in these forms of touch emerged when couples discussed topics chosen by husbands. Implications for marital counseling and research are discussed.
Effect of light/dark cycle alteration on morphine-induced conditioned place preference

The influence of acute and chronic light/dark cycle alteration on morphine-induced conditioned place preference was evaluated in mice. In chronic experiments, morphine (1–10 and 2.5–10 mg/kg) induced conditioned place preference in animals maintained on 12/12 and 6/18 light/dark cycles, respectively. In mice maintained on 18/6 light/dark cycle, however, morphine produced conditioned place preference only by the dose of 10 mg/kg. This latter effect was abolished by chronic daily administration of melatonin (10, 20 mg/kg). Moreover, our data showed that both abrupt increase and decrease in photoperiod on the day before testing reduced the ability of morphine to produce place conditioning. A single melatonin (10 mg/kg) injection reversed the attenuating effect of a 6-h delay in the dark cycle on morphine conditioned place preference.
Relative age effect in Spanish association football: Its extent and implications for wasted potential

Abstract Spain is one of the largest and most successful powers in international youth football, but this success has not extended to the national team. This lack of continued success seems to indicate a loss of potential. The relative age effect has been detected in football in many countries. Understanding the extent of this bias in the youth teams of Spanish elite clubs may help to improve selection processes and reduce the waste of potential. Comparisons between players from: the Spanish Professional Football League, all age categories of these clubs' youth teams, the Under-17 to Under-21 national teams, the national team, and the Spanish population, show a constant tendency to under-represent players from the later months of the selection year at all age groups of youth and Under-17 to Under-21 national teams. Professional and national team players show a similar but diminished behaviour that weakens with ageing, which suggests that talent identification and selection processes can be improved to help better identify potential talent early on and minimize wasted potential.
Performing heritage: the use of live ‘actors’ in heritage presentations

This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘living history’ presentations of heritage, using live ‘actors’ to portray historical characters. Its aim is to discuss these presentations in the context of what may be understood as ‘heritage’, and of the nature of ‘performance’. Four case studies of heritage sites, each important as a tourist attraction, have been selected for detailed study, together with a number of other examples of heritage performance. It is clear from the empirical work that different performance strategies are employed within the heritage industry and by individual ‘actors’. Most of the performers take part as a leisure activity, and many do not consider themselves to be ‘performing’ at all. The greatest concern of participants lies in the degree of authenticity of the performance. Through ‘living history’, the ‘actors’ are drawn into an experience of heritage which has real meaning for them, and which may contribute both to a sense of identity and to an enhanced understanding of society, past and present. The popularity of such presentations with visitors also indicates that similar benefits are perceived by the ‘audience’.
Level of Social-Cognitive Development, Adaptive Functioning, and DSM-III Diagnoses in Adolescent Offspring of Parents with Affective Disorders: Implications of the Development of the Capacity for Mutuality.

This study examines the relation between the developmental social-cognitive capacity for interpersonal negotiation and both parental-risk and adolescent-outcome variables in 172 adolescents 11 to 19 years of age. The sample was divided into two groups: those at risk because of affective disorder in one or both of their parents and a comparison group whose parents have never experienced affective illness. Adolescents' interpersonal negotiation strategy (INS) levels were negatively associated with the duration of parental affective illness (and with associated lower socioeconomic status and marital discord). INS level significantly predicted adolescents' adaptive social functioning (AFR) even after controlling for age, sex, intelligence, number of adolescent diagnoses, and parental-risk factors. Two additioaal patterns were found in the risk group: adolescents with both high AFR and high INS, and adolescents who have disturbed functioning despite high INS, These findings are consistent with a risk model in which social-cognitive capacity mediates between parental disorder and adaptive child behavior, and they suggest the importance of assessing children at risk with a developmental measure of relational capacity to complement the more traditional diagnostic and behavioral outcome measures.
Muscle and electrode motion artifacts reduction in ECG using adaptive Fourier decomposition

The reduction of the muscle and electrode motion artifacts in ECG using the adaptive Fourier decomposition (AFD) is investigated. This is an extension of our previous work, in which AFD is first proposed for ECG denoising and its effectiveness in filtering out the additive Gaussian white noise is tested. This paper studies the AFD-based ECG denoising method for two types of ECG noise due to the electrode movement and the muscle contraction which are common and important in practice. In addition, some rules on the selection and adjustment of the AFD decomposition level are proposed. The tests on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database indicate that this AFD-based denoising scheme performs better than the Butterworth lowpass filter, the wavelet transform and the empirical mode decomposition methods for ECG denoising with the muscle movement and electrode motion artifacts.
The Structure and Evolution of Molecular Clouds: from Clumps to Cores to the IMF

We review the progress that has been made in observing and analyzing molecular cloud structure in recent years. Structures are self-similar over a wide range of scales with similar power law indices independent of the star forming nature of a cloud. Comparison of structures at parsec-scale resolution in a star forming and non-star forming cloud show that the average densities in the former are higher but the structural characteristics in each cloud are much the same. In gravitationally bound regions of a cloud, however, and at higher densities and resolution, the self-similar scaling relationships break down and it is possible to observe the first steps toward star formation. High resolution observations of the dense individual star forming cores within the clumps hold the key to an empirical understanding of the origins of the stellar initial mass function.
Involvement of Kupffer Cells in the Interaction Between Neutrophils and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Rats

During endotoxic liver injury, large numbers of neutrophils infiltrate the liver, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;) become elevated. The object of this study was to assess the roles of TNF-&agr; secreted by Kupffer cells in the interaction between neutrophils and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). Rat neutrophils were perfused onto SECs that were stimulated with either TNF-&agr; or supernatant from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Kupffer cells using an in vitro flow system. Numbers of adhered or migrated neutrophils were counted, and the effect of an antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was studied. Compared with controls (200 ± 21 cells/mm2), neutrophil adhesion to SECs was significantly increased by both TNF-&agr; (342 ± 26 cells/mm2;P < 0.05) and LPS-stimulated Kupffer cell supernatant (331 ± 29 cells/mm2;P < 0.05). Anti-ICAM-1 significantly inhibited neutrophil adhesion (139 ± 10 cells/mm2;P < 0.05) and decreased the migration rate of neutrophils on SECs treated with LPS-stimulated Kupffer cell supernatant (P < 0.05). LPS-stimulated Kupffer cells secreted TNF-&agr; in an LPS dose-dependent manner, and they significantly enhanced ICAM-1 expression on SECs (P < 0.05 vs. control). In addition, dexamethasone suppressed TNF-&agr; production by LPS-stimulated Kupffer cells and decreased ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion on SECs. These findings suggest that Kupffer cells are involved in neutrophil adhesion and migration in hepatic sinusoids via TNF-&agr; production and induction of ICAM-1 expression on SECs during liver injury associated with endotoxemia.
“Cooling the mark out”: experienced teaching assistants’ perceptions of their work in the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs in mainstream secondary schools

Experienced teaching assistants’ (TAs’) perceptions and constructions of their work in the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) within mainstream secondary schools are the focus of this study. In a field where much research has focussed on the technicist (TA characteristics and deployment), exploration of “inclusion” and of power relationships is prioritised. Elements of critical discourse analysis (CDA) are used to examine the words of TAs talking about their work. A simple CDA framework was produced, based on the work of others, piloted, and then used to analyse interview data from eight TAs who have extensive experience and degree qualifications. TAs report prioritising discretion, even imperceptibility, in class as they actively stay “under the radar” of teachers and schools. A divide within the mainstream schools between “the mainstream” and SEN resourced “base” seems apparent to the TAs, whether the support base is geographically separated or not. “Inclusion” is actively sought, for example through advocacy, alternative provision and energetic deployment of professional strategies. Insights from the work of Goffman are deployed in the analysis of the TAs’ perceptions in order to contribute theoretical imagination to consider why the limitations in TA practice (reported within this study and within the wider literature) may occur. A degree of emotional labour is indicated but Goffman’s work on managing spoiled identity, stigma and “cooling” is of interest in offering possible explanations for the TAs’ experiences.
Analysis and prediction of expressive dynamics using Bayesian linear models

We present the first version of a probabilistic linear basis model for expressive dynamics in music. The model extends prior work by Grachten and Widmer [7]. Contrary to the original model, this model allows for both specifying musical knowledge, and for modeling multiple distinct performances of the same piece. We show that in its current, minimalist form, the new model performs on a par with the original model in terms of predictive accuracy. Furthermore, a novel set of basis-functions is evaluated, to model dynamics annotations such as (de)crescendo in a context-aware manner.
Listening, Communication Abilities, and Success at Work

Although many have argued that listening is particularly important in organizations, few studies have examined listening and listening skills in this context. This study ex amined relationships between listening, communication related abilities, employee level in an insurance company, and upward mobility. The results indicated significant positive relationships between listening and other social cognitive and communicative abilities. While findings suggested that nonsupervisors tended to possess better listen ing abilities than supervisors, there was some evidence that better listeners were in higher levels of the organization and were more upwardly mobile.
Confined developable elastic surfaces: cylinders, cones and the Elastica

We consider two of the simplest problems associated with the packing of a naturally flat thin elastic sheet. Both problems involve packing the sheet into a hollow cylinder; the first considers the partial contact of a cylindrically curved sheet with a cylindrical surface, while the second considers the partial contact of a conically curved sheet with the edge of a cylindrical surface. In each case, we solve the free–boundary problems to determine the shape, response and stability of the confined surfaces. In particular, we show that an exact description of both the cylindrical and conical structures is given by solutions of the Elastica equation, allowing us to present a unified description of a large class of elastic developable surfaces. This includes what is possibly the simplest example of strain localization, occurring at a point and forming one of the constituent elements of a crumpled elastic sheet.
The Impact of Vivid Messages on Reducing Energy Consumption Related to Hot Water Use

Research suggests that vivid and personalized interventions influence proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. Through the use of immersive virtual environment technology, people can experience vivid environmental scenarios that are personalized to the individual. An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of vivid and/or personal messages on energy savings behavior related to hot water use. Participants experienced a virtual shower in which they received feedback (varying in vividness and/or personalization) on the amount of energy used to heat and transport the virtual water. Participants’ hot water use during hand washing in the physical world was tracked before and after treatment. Participants exposed to vivid messages used cooler water compared with not vivid messages. There was no significant effect for personal messages and no interaction effect. The results suggest that technology that leverages vividness may be effective in promoting proenvironmental behaviors.
Agricultural pesticide exposure and the molecular connection to lymphomagenesis

The t(14;18) translocation constitutes the initiating event of a causative cascade leading to follicular lymphoma (FL). t(14;18) translocations are present in blood from healthy individuals, but there is a trend of increased prevalence in farmers exposed to pesticides, a group recently associated with higher risk of t(14;18)+ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma development. A direct connection between agricultural pesticide use, t(14;18) in blood, and malignant progression, however, has not yet been demonstrated. We followed t(14;18) clonal evolution over 9 yr in a cohort of farmers exposed to pesticides. We show that exposed individuals bear particularly high t(14;18) frequencies in blood because of a dramatic clonal expansion of activated t(14;18)+ B cells. We further demonstrate that such t(14;18)+ clones recapitulate the hallmark features of developmentally blocked FL cells, with some displaying aberrant activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity linked to malignant progression. Collectively, our data establish that expanded t(14;18)+ clones constitute bona fide precursors at various stages of FL development, and provide a molecular connection between agricultural pesticide exposure, t(14;18) frequency in blood, and clonal progression.
The Ties That Bind

At the psychological level, ethnic conflict can be seen as an extreme result of normal group identification processes. Bridging perceived intergroup boundaries is therefore key to improving intergroup relations. In contrast to the dominant association of nationalism with racism, chauvinism, xenophobia, and intolerance, we highlight the constructive potential of national identification. In a survey experiment, we find that the increased salience of a shared (Indian) national identity increases donations by members of a dominant ethnic group (Hindus) to members of a rival, minority group (Muslims). This effect is moderated by social status (caste). We suggest that national identification leads to a greater transformation in the behavior of low-status members of an ethnic group because they are more likely to be drawn to national identity as an enhancement of their social standing. Our study has implications for theories of social identity and interethnic cooperation, as well as for the literature on nationalism.
Measuring Changes in Counselor Self-Efficacy: Further Validation and Implications for Training and Supervision

This study examines the changes in counselor self-efficacy beliefs during training. For this purpose, the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE), based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory (1986), was employed (Larson et al.,1992). Both global counselor self-efficacy measures as well as specific measures related to five areas of counseling (i.e., micro skills, process, handling difficult client behaviors, cultural competence, and awareness of values) were analyzed. A total of 20 first-year MA students in counseling psychology completed the COSE at two time intervals 8 weeks apart. Results show a significant increase in the overall measure of self-efficacy skills. We also found a significant increase in one of the factors, micro skills. Implications for training and supervision are discussed.
Ligand-independent signaling by disulfide-crosslinked dimers of the p75 neurotrophin receptor

Dimerization is recognized as a crucial step in the activation of many plasma membrane receptors. However, a growing number of receptors pre-exist as dimers in the absence of ligand, indicating that, although necessary, dimerization is not always sufficient for signaling. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) forms disulfide-linked dimers at the cell surface independently of ligand binding through Cys257 in its transmembrane domain. Here, we show that crosslinking of p75NTR dimers by cysteine-scanning mutagenesis results in constitutive, ligand-independent activity in several pathways that are normally engaged upon neurotrophin stimulation of native receptors. The activity profiles of different disulfide-crosslinked p75NTR mutants were similar but not identical, suggesting that different configurations of p75NTR dimers might be endowed with different functions. Interestingly, crosslinked p75NTR mutants did not mimic the effects of the myelin inhibitors Nogo or MAG, suggesting the existence of ligand-specific activation mechanisms. Together, these results support a conformational model of p75NTR activation by neurotrophins, and reveal a genetic approach to generate gain-of-function receptor variants with distinct functional profiles.