Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New approach for Classification of Highly Imbalanced Datasets using Evolutionary Algorithms

Today's most of the research interest is in the application of evolutionary algorithms. One of the examples is clas- sification rules in imbalanced domains. The problem of Imbalanced data sets plays a major challenge in data mining community. In imbalanced data sets, the number of instances of one class is much higher than the others, and the class of fewer represent- atives is of more interest from the point of the learning task. Traditional Machine Learning algorithms work well with balanced data sets, but not able to deal with classification of imbalanced data sets. In the present paper we use different operators of Ge- netic Algorithms (GA) for over-sampling to enlarge the ratio of positive samples, and then apply clustering to the over-sampled training dataset as a data cleaning method for both classes, removing the redundant or noisy samples. The proposed approach was experimentally analyzed and the experimental results shows an improvement in the classification measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. —————————— a —————————— 1 I HE problem of imbalanced data-sets occurs when the majority class has a large percent of the samples, while minority class occupies a small part of all samples. Such a condition pose challenges for classical machine learning algorithms that are designed to optimize oTverall classifica- tion accuracy. Imbalanced datasets exists in many domains such as medical applications (1), risk management (2), face recognition (3) and information technology, and so on. In these domains, minority class is of more interest than majori- ty class. In imbalanced data sets, the traditional way of max- imizing overall performance will often fail to learn anything useful about the minority class, because of the dominating effect of the majority class. A learner can probably achieve 99% accuracy with ease, but still fail to correctly classify any rare examples. Therefore, analyzing the imbalanced data sets (IDS) problem requires new and more adaptive methods than those used in the past. In this paper we over-samples the minority class by mutation and crossover operators to decrease the imbal- ance ratio and then using clustering for both classes to delete redundant and noisy samples. Thus, by combining the both method the samples of interest are remained, improving the computational efficiency. The contribution is organized as follows: Section 2 in- troduces the problem of imbalanced data sets, describing
Immunohistochemical demonstration of cyclin D1 in bladder cancers as an inverse indicator of invasiveness but not an independent prognostic factor

Background: Cyclin D1 is essential for G1 progression through the cell cycle phase. It is a possible proto‐oncogene whose aberrant expression may be responsible for the occurrence of some types of human neoplasms. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate immunohistochemically cyclin D1 expression in bladder cancer tissues and establish any relationship with the histologic findings and the clinical course.
Quantitative assessment of organosulfates in size-segregated rural fine aerosol

Abstract. Organosulfates have recently come into the focus of organic aerosol research as potentially important components of water-soluble secondary organic aerosol (SOA) which now dominate tropospheric fine aerosol. Their presence has been confirmed by the identification of sulfate esters of abundant biogenic carbonyl compounds in both smog chamber and continental aerosol. However, none of the studies have been able to determine the mass contribution of organosulfates to SOA. In this paper, as possibly the very first attempt to quantify organosulfates in ambient aerosol, we inferred the mass concentrations of organosulfates by concurrently determining mass concentrations of total sulfur, sulfate and methanesulfonate in rural fine aerosol using two highly sensitive analytical techniques. Although uncertainties were relatively large, we found that mass concentrations of organosulfates in water-soluble fine aerosol ranged from 0.02 μgS m −3 to 0.09 μgS m −3 yielding a mass contribution of 6–12% to bulk sulfur concentrations (or 6–14% to sulfate concentrations). The inferred size distribution of organosulfates suggested that they possibly form in heterogeneous reactions from semi-volatile carbonyl compounds with subsequent or concurrent condensation of gaseous sulfuric acid producing a refractory organic film on particle surfaces.
Bridging the gap: Adapting mindfulness-based stress reduction for Latino populations

Latinos comprise a sizeable and growing population in the U.S. that experiences unmet health needs and health inequities, and could benefit from increased participation in health-promoting interventions, such as Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR). This study examined an adapted version of MBSR (MBSR-A) designed to increase the retention and effectiveness of this intervention for Latino populations. Thirty Latino individuals, primarily from the South Valley community of Albuquerque, enrolled in the course. The retention rate in the current study was 86% compared to the 60-66% retention attained in previous MBSR studies with Latinos. Analyses revealed pre to post improvements in a variety of health-related, potential mediator, and mindfulness variables. Anxiety, depression, resilience, and perceived stress demonstrated the strongest and most frequent associations with improvements in potential mediator and mindfulness variables. Of the potential mediator measures, decentering, self-regulation, reflection, and rumination demonstrated the strongest relationships with improvements in mindfulness and health outcomes over the course of the intervention. Qualitative findings revealed MBSR WITH LATINOS v that the most common barrier to Latino retention in MBSR was related to time constraints, while derived emotional/ psychological benefits were the most frequently cited motivators for completing the MBSR program. In addition, ethnic identity emerged as a protective factor for retention of Latinos in MBSR. The results of the current study support the preliminary use of MBSR-A in increasing engagement, retention, mindfulness, and health-related outcomes among Latino individuals. Implications of these findings for future research and clinical work with this population are discussed. MBSR WITH LATINOS vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES . xi xiii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF APPENDICES . xiii CHAPTER
Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Meta-Analysis

Background. Several studies have shown a possible involvement of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in individuals with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), but the relationship remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to validate and strengthen the association between HG and H. pylori infection. Methods. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to March 20, 2014, were searched to select studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection between pregnant women with HG and the normal pregnant control subjects. Results. Of the HG cases, 1289 (69.6%) were H. pylori-positive; however, 1045 (46.2%) were H. pylori-positive in control group. Compared to the non-HG normal pregnant controls, infection rate of H. pylori was significantly higher in pregnant women with HG (OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 2.32–4.81, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that H. pylori infection was a risk factor of HG in Asia, Africa, and Oceania, especially in Africa (OR = 12.38, 95% CI: 7.12–21.54, P < 0.001). Conclusions. H. pylori should be considered one of the risk factors of HG, especially in the developing countries. H. pylori eradication could be considered to relieve the symptoms of HG in some intractable cases.
Effect of Exogenous Phytase on the Phosphorus Balance of Lactating Cows Fed A Corn Based Diet

The present study investigated the effect of P or phytase supplementation on the P-balance of dairy cows. 24 lactating German Holstein cows were used for a 5-weeks feeding trial and were allocated to three dietary treatments, P+MIN, P-MIN and P+PHY. All cows received a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of 63% corn silage and 37% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis for ad libitum intake. The concentrate of the P+MIN group was supplemented with dicalcium phosphate and represents the control group. The concentrate of the P-MIN group was unsupplemented and the concentrate of the P+PHY group was supplemented with an exogenous phytase (0.1 g/kg DM in the TMR; 50 000 FTU/g). The P concentration in the TMR of the P+MIN, P-MIN and P+PHY groups were 3.98, 3.46 and 3.26 g P/kg DM, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. In the last two weeks samples of milk, urine and blood were collected. Samples of faeces were collected to determine the P-balances by using the acid insoluble ash (AIA) marker technique. No differences in P-concentration of milk, urine and faeces were observed between the treatments. The P-digestibility of Group P+MIN and P-MIN was 60 and 56%, respectively. These values were not different compared to the P-digestibility of 57% in the P+PHY-group. The P-balance in the P+MIN group (26 g/d) was higher compared to the P-MIN (16g/d) and P+PHY (17g/d) treatment. Overall, phytase supplementation had no effect on P-digestibility and P-balance of dairy cows in this trial.
Rule Violations as a Cause of Injuries in Male Norwegian Professional Football

Background Foul play is an important cause of injury in football. Reduction of foul play and adherence to the laws of the game may be possible interventions to reduce the rate of injuries. Purpose To evaluate how violations of the laws of the game contribute to injury and to investigate whether the decisions made by the referees are correct in high-risk situations. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Videotapes and injury information were collected for 174 of 182 matches from the male Norwegian professional league during the 2000 season. Three Norwegian FIFA referees performed retrospective blinded evaluation of the 406 incidents. Results Less than one-third of the injuries identified on video and about 40% of the incidents with a high risk of injury resulted in a free kick being awarded. About 1 in 10 of these situations led to either a yellow or red card. The agreement between decisions made by the match referee and the expert referee panel was good, that is, their decisions agreed in 85% of the situations in which injury occurred. Conclusions There may be a need for an improvement of the laws of the game of football to protect players from dangerous play.
Adrenal extramedullary hematopoiesis associated with β-thalassemia major

The presence of apparently normal hematopoietic tissue outside of bone marrow cavity is defined as extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). EMH is a rare complication in thalassemia major (TM) and adrenal gland as well. This report describes a case of adrenal EMH in a 26-year-old man with β-TM. He has been transfused with regular blood transfusion since 9 months. During the routine physical examination he was incidentally found to have a hypoechoic mass at his abdominal ultrasonography. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a right well-defined suprarenal mass 7.7×7.3×5.8 cm in size. The diagnosis of EMH was confirmed with ultrasonographic-guided fine needle biopsy. Treatment options which include intensified regular blood transfusion and hydroxyurea have been started.
Poverty and inequality

Some people continue to defend trickle-down theories, which assume that economic growth, encouraged by a free market, will inevitably succeed in bringing about greater justice and inclusiveness in the world. This opinion, which has never been confirmed by the facts, expresses a crude and naive trust in the goodness of those wielding economic power and in the sacralized workings of the prevailing economic system. Meanwhile, the excluded are still waiting.
Indicateurs des biotechnologies et politiques publiques

On trouvera dans le present document de travail des informations et un cadre d’analyse qui permettront d’inscrire dans un contexte plus large l’examen des besoins des utilisateurs aux fins du developpement de statistiques et d’indicateurs des biotechnologies. Ce document met en evidence et evalue les principaux types d’indicateurs susceptibles d’eclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics. La biotechnologie n’etant encore qu’au stade embryonnaire, l’action publique se focalise sur les politiques de S-T qui ont ete divisees en quatre grandes categories (soutien a la recherche en biotechnologie, diffusion des connaissances et competences en biotechnologie, valorisation de la recherche biotechnologique et promotion de l’adoption (application et utilisation) des biotechnologies) pour servir de cadre au developpement de statistiques pertinentes. Outre les politiques de S-T a caractere plus generique, le document etudie le developpement d’indicateurs par grands domaines d’application .
Ratio of Wnt3a to BMP4 doses is critical to their synergistic effects on proliferation of differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells

Abstract. Objectives: To investigate potential interactions between bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signalling on differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). Materials and methods: Mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured with differing combinations of Wnt3a, BMP4 and inhibitors of Wnt, BMP, PI‐3K (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase), p38, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2) and JNK (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase) pathways. Results: We found that Wnt3a synergized with BMP4 to promote mESC proliferation. Furthermore, the relative ratio of Wnt3a to BMP4 doses was critical to their synergistic effects, which could be abolished by using Dkk‐1, noggin or the inhibitors of PI‐3K, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. We also demonstrated that combination of Wnt3a and BMP4 could suppress ectodermal differentiation of mESCs. Moreover, inhibitors of PI‐3K, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways could negate this effect. Conclusion: Relative ratio of Wnt3a to BMP4 doses is critical to their synergistic effect on differentiating mESC proliferation, which may work through PI‐3K, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways.
Active reduction of device multi-tonal noise by controlling vibration of multiple walls of the device casing

The aim of this paper is to verify the idea of active reduction of device and machinery noise by controlling the vibration of their casing. The Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC) technology known from the literature for reducing noise propagating through a single wall is going to be applied to multiple walls of the casing, thus globally protecting the user and environment from excessive noise generated by the machine or the device. Based on previous research by the authors, pairs of vibration actuators and sensors are installed on the walls in order to provide highest sound insulation efficiency. Two adaptive control strategies are investigated - feedfoward and Internal Model Control feedback, both with the adaptive Leaky Normalised Filtered-x Least Mean Square (FxLMS) algorithm used to update control filter parameters. The control systems are experimentally verified by using a laboratory set-up, in presence of a multi-tonal primary disturbance. Obtained results are reported, discussed, and conclusions for future research are drawn.
Just to give you kind of a map of where we are going : A Taxonomy of Metadiscourse in Spoken and Written Academic English

One of the basic functions to which language is put is to comment on discourse or on language itself. Reflexivity in language occurs in everyday discourse as well as in specialised discourse, such as academic papers or lectures. It is often referred to as metadiscourse, or „discourse about discourse‟, as in In this paper, I explore… or just to give you kind of a map of where we are going… Such expressions are very common in academic genres, where the writer/speaker is expected to guide the audience through the discourse, for example by making its structure explicit. While research into metadiscourse has focused on academic writing, academic speech has remained largely unexplored. Furthermore, comparisons of spoken and written metadiscourse are rare, so the similarities and differences between spoken and written types of metadiscourse are unknown. The present qualitative and corpus-based study compares the use of personal metadiscourse in 30 spoken university lectures to that of 130 highly proficient essays by graduate students. The purpose is to present an empirically based taxonomy of the discourse functions of spoken and written metadiscourse with respect to academic English. Despite claims in previous research that separate treatment is needed, a lumping approach is taken rather than a splitting one. The goal is to create one taxonomy for both modes, thereby highlighting both similarities and differences in the distribution of discourse functions across speech and writing. The proposed taxonomy consists of 23 discourse functions, divided into four main categories: Metalinguistic comments, Discourse organisation, Speech act labels and References to the audience. The findings reveal that most of the discourse functions in the taxonomy occurred in both speech and writing, although spoken metadiscourse performed a greater range of discourse actions than written metadiscourse. Differences in the conditions of speech and writing did indeed cause variation in the use of metadiscourse: The discourse functions REPAIRING, MARKING ASIDES and CONTEXTUALISING occurred only in the spoken data because of the lack of time for planning and revision in real-time discourse, while MANAGING COMPREHENSION/CHANNEL and MANAGING AUDIENCE DISCIPLINE occurred only in the spoken data because of the direct presence of an audience. Factors related to genre were also found to cause variation in the use of metadiscourse: ARGUING was considerably more common in the written data, since academic writers typically need to put a great deal of work into argumentation, while lecturers generally present information not based on their own research. MANAGING THE MESSAGE, on the other hand, was common in the spoken data, which can be attributed to lecturers adopting a more authoritative role than student writers.
RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING AT MONTHLY AND DAILY SCALES USING CONCEPTUAL MODELS AND NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

Abstract Simulating the transformation of rainfall into runoff at the catchment scale using mathematical models has known a considerable improvement since their development. This study comes down to the rainfall-runoff relationship modeling at monthly and daily time scales by the application of conceptual models deemed as the most efficient, and the Neural Fuzzy Inference System which performance has been proved in different fields. Comparing the two concepts aims to select the most efficient in simulating the extreme events of runoffs, by picking up their strengths and weaknesses. For this purpose, both statistical and graphical techniques were applied by comparing the most used criteria in the hydrological field. A choice based on the most sensitive criterion to the extreme events lead to pick: Nash-Sutclieffe (NSE), Modified NSE, RSR and PBIAS. The conceptual models used are GR2M and GR4J at monthly and daily scale respectively. They operate by application of a Production Function defining the part of rainfall filling the soil (SMA store), and a Routing store function defining the final runoff value. Application of the Neural Fuzzy Inference System aims to develop a forecast system able to reproduce the information about maximal events. It takes advantage from the learning ability and connectionist structure of artificial neural networks, and the ability to solicit interpretable rules from the inference fuzzy system. Two input partitioning modes are applied using several combinations of input data including: rainfall, evaporation, SMA and Routing store levels issued from the conceptual models. Application made on the Isser catchment (Algeria) defined that a combination between conceptual models data and neural fuzzy inference system is a conclusive concept for general detection of hydrological series trends, as well as flood forecasting by simulating the extreme runoff events.
Improving Employment Prospects for Young Workers in Spain

The unemployment rate among young people has reached painfully high levels, in particular among those young people with low levels of education. There are two crucial policy priorities to improve employment prospects for youth in Spain. First, in the very short term, there is need for quick action to target welldesigned active labour market programmes to the most disadvantaged youth and provide more job-search assistance and guidance for all youth experiencing difficulties in finding a job in the current labour market. Second, the current crisis is an opportunity to tackle some of the structural weaknesses in the Spanish youth labour market. This implies in particular reforms to prevent youth from dropping out of education at a very early stage and to improve the school to work transition of young people. Key issues are to better match skills acquired in education to those asked for by businesses, as well as to establish an effective system of vocational education, and to reduce remaining demand side barriers, notably labour market duality and a rigid collective bargaining system, which both have prevented an efficient allocation of labour resources in the past and a flexible adjustment during the crisis. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of Spain (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/spain). Ameliorer les perspectives d'emploi des jeunes actifs en Espagne Le taux de chomage des jeunes atteint des niveaux douloureusement eleves, notamment chez les jeunes peu qualifies. Deux actions prioritaires sont essentielles pour ameliorer les perspectives d’emploi des jeunes en Espagne. En premier lieu, et a tres court terme, il faut prendre des mesures actives du marche du travail specialement concues pour les jeunes qui ont le plus de difficultes et offrir a tous les jeunes qui ont du mal a trouver un travail une aide plus efficace a la recherche d’emploi. Deuxiemement, la crise actuelle peut etre l’occasion de corriger certaines des faiblesses structurelles du marche du travail des jeunes en Espagne. En particulier, il est essentiel d’engager des reformes visant a empecher les jeunes de quitter l’ecole trop tot et facilitant le passage a la vie active. Plusieurs difficultes doivent etre surmontees : faire mieux correspondre les competences acquises a l’ecole et celles demandees par les entreprises, etablir un systeme d’enseignement professionnel efficace et reduire les obstacles qui subsistent du cote de la demande, notamment le dualisme du marche du travail et la rigidite du systeme de negociation collective, qui ont empeche une repartition efficace des ressources de main-d’oeuvre par le passe et un ajustement souple face a la crise. Ce Document de travail se rapporte a l’Etude economique de l’OCDE de l’Espagne, 2012 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/espagne).
Attachment and Intersubjectivity

Foreword Philip Mollon.The Authors.Acknowledgements. Chapter 1 Attachment theory as a psychoanalytic paradigm.Chapter 2 Attachment and intersubjectivity.Chapter 3 On developmental pathways.Chapter 4 On representation.Chapter 5 What it means to be securely or insecurely attached.Chapter 6 On motivation.Chapter 7 On co-thinking.Chapter 8 On memory.Chapter 9 Attachment and sexuality.Chapter 10 The sexual relationship.References. Index.