Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Sources of Scatter in the Tully-Fisher Relation

We analyze residuals from the Tully-Fisher relation for the emission-line galaxies in the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey, a broadly representative survey designed to fairly sample the variety of galaxy morphologies and environments in the local universe for luminosities from MB = -15 to -23. For a subsample consisting of the spiral galaxies brighter than M = -18, we find strong correlations between Tully-Fisher residuals and both B-R color and EW(Hα). The extremes of the correlations are populated by Sa galaxies, which show consistently red colors, and spiral galaxies with morphological peculiarities, which are often blue. If we apply an EW(Hα)-dependent or B-R color-dependent correction term to the Tully-Fisher relation, the scatter in the relation no longer increases from R to B to U but instead drops to a nearly constant level in all bands, close to the scatter we expect from measurement errors. We argue that these results probably reflect correlated offsets in luminosity and color as a function of star formation history. Broadening the sample in morphology and luminosity, we find that most nonspiral galaxies brighter than M = -18 follow the same correlations between Tully-Fisher residuals and B-R color and EW(Hα) as do spirals, albeit with greater scatter. However, the color and EW(Hα) correlations do not apply to galaxies fainter than M = -18 or to emission-line S0 galaxies with anomalous gas kinematics. For the dwarf galaxy population, the parameters controlling Tully-Fisher residuals are instead related to the degree of recent evolutionary disturbance: overluminous dwarfs have higher rotation curve asymmetries, brighter U-band effective surface brightnesses, and shorter gas consumption timescales than their underluminous counterparts. As a result, sample selection strongly affects the measured faint-end slope of the Tully-Fisher relation, and a sample limited to include only passively evolving, rotationally supported galaxies displays a break toward steeper slope at low luminosities.
A Telecom Baseband Circuit based on an Asynchronous Network-on-Chip

The FAUST chip integrates a baseband processing architecture in which communications between IPs are supported by an asynchronous network-on-chip (NoC). This distributed and modular structure facilitates physical implementation and power management. A 20-node NoC is implemented in 79.5mm2 using 0.13mum 6M CMOS to address 100Mb/s telecom systems
Accelerating Radio Wave Propagation Predictions by Implementation on Graphics Hardware

Fast radio wave propagation predictions are of tremendous interest, e.g., for planning and optimization of cellular radio networks. We propose the use of ordinary graphics cards and specialized algorithms to achieve extremely fast predictions. Our implementation of the empirical COST-Walfisch-Ikegami model allows the computation of several hundred predictions in one second in a 7 km urban area. Further, we present a ray-optical approach exploiting the programming model of graphics cards. This algorithm combines fast computation times with high accuracy.
A Differential Op-Amp Circuit Collection

In an era of discrete tube or transistor op-amp modules, any potential advantage to be gained from fully-differential circuitry was masked by primitive op-amp module performance. Fullydifferential output op-amps were abandoned in favor of single ended op-amps. Fully-differential op-amps were all but forgotten, even when IC technology was developed. The main reason appears to be the simplicity of using single ended op-amps. The number of passive components required to support a fully-differential circuit is approximately double that of a single-ended circuit. The thinking may have been “Why double the number of passive components when there is nothing to be gained? ”
Broadband characterization of the nonlinear optical properties of common reference materials

We report on the systematic, broadband characterization of the third-order nonlinearities of the commonly used reference materials: sapphire, the lead-silica glass SF-59 and pure carbon disulfide CS/sub 2/. Using the z-scan technique with /spl sim/1-ps pulses experimental data on the nonlinear refraction and two-photon absorption were obtained in the 550-1600 nm wavelength range. Theoretical treatment of spectra and scaling of the measured nonlinearities in sapphire and SF-59 glass is given using a simple Kramers-Kro/spl uml/nig transformation-based model. Compact empirical relations are suggested.
High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for high-risk breast cancer.

BACKGROUND The use of high-dose adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk primary breast cancer is controversial. We studied its efficacy in patients with 4 to 9 or 10 or more tumor-positive axillary lymph nodes. METHODS Patients younger than 56 years of age who had undergone surgery for breast cancer and who had no distant metastases were eligible if they had at least four tumor-positive axillary lymph nodes. Patients in the conventional-dose group received fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) every three weeks for five courses, followed by radiotherapy and tamoxifen. The high-dose treatment was identical, except that high-dose chemotherapy (6 g of cyclophosphamide per square meter of body-surface area, 480 mg of thiotepa per square meter, and 1600 mg of carboplatin per square meter) with autologous peripheral-blood hematopoietic progenitor-cell transplantation replaced the fifth course of FEC. RESULTS Of the 885 patients, 442 were assigned to the high-dose group and 443 to the conventional-dose group. After a median follow-up of 57 months, the actuarial 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 59 percent in the conventional-dose group and 65 percent in the high-dose group (hazard ratio for relapse in the high-dose group, 0.83; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.03; P=0.09). In the group with 10 or more positive nodes, the relapse-free survival rates were 51 percent in the conventional-dose group and 61 percent in the high-dose group (P=0.05 by the log-rank test; hazard ratio for relapse, 0.71; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.50 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS High-dose alkylating therapy improves relapse-free survival among patients with stage II or III breast cancer and 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes. This benefit may be confined to patients with HER-2/neu-negative tumors.
The Value of Using Feasibility Models in Systematic Conservation Planning to Predict Landholder Management Uptake

Understanding the social dimensions of conservation opportunity is crucial for conservation planning in multiple‐use landscapes. However, factors that influence the feasibility of implementing conservation actions, such as the history of landscape management, and landholders’ willingness to engage are often difficult or time consuming to quantify and rarely incorporated into planning. We examined how conservation agencies could reduce costs of acquiring such data by developing predictive models of management feasibility parameterized with social and biophysical factors likely to influence landholders’ decisions to engage in management. To test the utility of our best‐supported model, we developed 4 alternative investment scenarios based on different input data for conservation planning: social data only; biological data only; potential conservation opportunity derived from modeled feasibility that incurs no social data collection costs; and existing conservation opportunity derived from feasibility data that incurred collection costs. Using spatially explicit information on biodiversity values, feasibility, and management costs, we prioritized locations in southwest Australia to control an invasive predator that is detrimental to both agriculture and natural ecosystems: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). When social data collection costs were moderate to high, the most cost‐effective investment scenario resulted from a predictive model of feasibility. Combining empirical feasibility data with biological data was more cost‐effective for prioritizing management when social data collection costs were low (<4% of the total budget). Calls for more data to inform conservation planning should take into account the costs and benefits of collecting and using social data to ensure that limited funding for conservation is spent in the most cost‐efficient and effective manner.
Maximal Prime Divisors in Arithmetical Rings

We investigate for an ideal A of an arithmetical ring R the relationship between the set Max(A) of maximal prime divisors of A and the set XA of maximal members of the set of Krull associated primes of A. We show that the arithmetical rings R such that XA ⊆ Max(A) for every regular ideal A are precisely those satisfying the “strong” separation property. For a Prüfer domain R, we prove that every branched prime ideal of height greater than one is the radical of a finitely generated ideal if and only if End(A)M = End(AM ) for every nonzero ideal A and maximal ideal M of R. We use this to prove that if in addition R is a QR-domain, then every maximal prime divisor of an ideal A of R is a Krull associated prime of A (i.e. XA = Max(A)) if and only if each branched prime ideal of R of height greater than one is the radical of a finitely generated ideal.
Intracellular Triggering of Fas Aggregation and Recruitment of Apoptotic Molecules into Fas-enriched Rafts in Selective Tumor Cell Apoptosis

We have discovered a new and specific cell-killing mechanism mediated by the selective uptake of the antitumor drug 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3, Edelfosine) into lipid rafts of tumor cells, followed by its coaggregation with Fas death receptor (also known as APO-1 or CD95) and recruitment of apoptotic molecules into Fas-enriched rafts. Drug sensitivity was dependent on drug uptake and Fas expression, regardless of the presence of other major death receptors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand R2/DR5 in the target cell. Drug microinjection experiments in Fas-deficient and Fas-transfected cells unable to incorporate exogenous ET-18-OCH3 demonstrated that Fas was intracellularly activated. Partial deletion of the Fas intracellular domain prevented apoptosis. Unlike normal lymphocytes, leukemic T cells incorporated ET-18-OCH3 into rafts coaggregating with Fas and underwent apoptosis. Fas-associated death domain protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, and Bid were recruited into rafts, linking Fas and mitochondrial signaling routes. Clustering of rafts was necessary but not sufficient for ET-18-OCH3–mediated cell death, with Fas being required as the apoptosis trigger. ET-18-OCH3–mediated apoptosis did not require sphingomyelinase activation. Normal cells, including human and rat hepatocytes, did not incorporate ET-18-OCH3 and were spared. This mechanism represents the first selective activation of Fas in tumor cells. Our data set a framework for the development of more targeted therapies leading to intracellular Fas activation and recruitment of downstream signaling molecules into Fas-enriched rafts.
Encoding Conditions Affect Recognition of Vocally Expressed Emotions Across Cultures

Although the expression of emotions in humans is considered to be largely universal, cultural effects contribute to both emotion expression and recognition. To disentangle the interplay between these factors, play-acted and authentic (non-instructed) vocal expressions of emotions were used, on the assumption that cultural effects may contribute differentially to the recognition of staged and spontaneous emotions. Speech tokens depicting four emotions (anger, sadness, joy, fear) were obtained from German radio archives and re-enacted by professional actors, and presented to 120 participants from Germany, Romania, and Indonesia. Participants in all three countries were poor at distinguishing between play-acted and spontaneous emotional utterances (58.73% correct on average with only marginal cultural differences). Nevertheless, authenticity influenced emotion recognition: across cultures, anger was recognized more accurately when play-acted (z = 15.06, p < 0.001) and sadness when authentic (z = 6.63, p < 0.001), replicating previous findings from German populations. German subjects revealed a slight advantage in recognizing emotions, indicating a moderate in-group advantage. There was no difference between Romanian and Indonesian subjects in the overall emotion recognition. Differential cultural effects became particularly apparent in terms of differential biases in emotion attribution. While all participants labeled play-acted expressions as anger more frequently than expected, German participants exhibited a further bias toward choosing anger for spontaneous stimuli. In contrast to the German sample, Romanian and Indonesian participants were biased toward choosing sadness. These results support the view that emotion recognition rests on a complex interaction of human universals and cultural specificities. Whether and in which way the observed biases are linked to cultural differences in self-construal remains an issue for further investigation.
A Stochastic Model of Active Cyber Defense Dynamics

The concept of active cyber defense has appeared in the literature in recent years. However, there are no mathematical models for characterizing the effectiveness of active cyber defense. In this paper, we fill the void by proposing a novel Markov process model that is native to the interaction between cyber attack and active cyber defense. Unfortunately, the native Markov process model cannot be tackled by techniques of which we are aware. We therefore simplify, via mean-field approximation, the Markov process model as a dynamical system model that is amenable to analysis. This allows us to derive a set of valuable analytic results that characterize the effectiveness of four types of active cyber defense dynamics. Simulations show that the analytic results are intrinsic to the native Markov process model, and therefore justify the validity of the dynamical system model. We also discuss side effects of the mean-field approximation and their implications.
The interface between thyroid and diabetes mellitus

Thyroid disease and type 1 but also type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are strongly associated, and this has important clinical implications for insulin sensitivity and treatment requirements. The pathophysiological basis of this association has only recently been better elucidated. It rests on a complex interaction of common signalling pathways and, in the case of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease, on a linked genetic susceptibility. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this linked regulation are increasingly being unravelled. They are exemplified in the regulation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central target not only for the modulation of insulin sensitivity but also for the feedback of thyroid hormones on appetite and energy expenditure. The present review will discuss these concepts and their consequences for the clinical care of patients with DM and thyroid disorders. Moreover, it makes reference to the added effect of metformin in suppressing TSH.
Top-k document retrieval in optimal time and linear space

We describe a data structure that uses O(n)-word space and reports k most relevant documents that contain a query pattern P in optimal O(|P| + k) time. Our construction supports an ample set of important relevance measures, such as the frequency of P in a document and the minimal distance between two occurrences of P in a document. We show how to reduce the space of the data structure from O(n log n) to O(n (log σ + log D + log log n)) bits, where σ is the alphabet size and D is the total number of documents.
Citation Metadata Extraction via Deep Neural Network-based Segment Sequence Labeling

Citation metadata extraction plays an important role in academic information retrieval and knowledge management. Current works on this task generally use rule-based, template-based or learning-based approaches but these methods usually either rely on handcrafted features or are limited with domains. Recently, neural networks have shown strong ability in addressing sequence labeling tasks. In this paper, we propose a sequence labeling model for citation metadata extraction, called segment sequence labeling. Instead of inferring at word level, the input sequence is first divided into segments, and then features of the segments are computed to infer the label sequence of the segments. We first run experiments to validate the effectiveness of different parts of the model by comparing it with a CRF-based model and a neural network-based model. Experimental results show our model beats both models on most fields. Besides, our model is evaluated on public datasets UMass and Cora and has achieved significant performance improvement. Our model was trained on the data which were generated from BibTeX files collected on the Web and annotated automatically.
Revision of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty: Two-Stage Reimplantation Using an Antibiotic-Impregnated Static Spacer

Background A two-stage revision remains as the "gold standard" treatment for chronically infected total knee arthroplasties. Methods Forty-five septic knee prostheses were revised with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Static antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers were used in all cases. Intravenous antibiotics according to sensitivity test of the culture were applied during patients' hospital stay. Oral antibiotics were given for another 5 weeks. Second-stage surgery was undertaken after control of infection with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values. Extensile techniques were used if needed and metallic augments were employed for bone loss in 32 femoral and 29 tibial revisions. Results The average interval between the first-stage resection and reimplantation was 4.4 months. Significant improvement was obtained with respect to visual analog scale pain and clinical and functional scores, and infection was eradicated in 95.6% of cases following a two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty. Radiographic evaluation showed suitable alignment without signs of mechanical loosening. Conclusions This technique is a reasonable procedure to eradicate chronic infection in knee arthroplasty and provides proper functional and clinical results. However, it sometimes requires extensile surgical approaches that could imply arduous surgeries. Metallic augments with cementless stems available in most of the knee revision systems are a suitable alternative to handle bone deficiencies, avoiding the use of bone allografts with its complications.
When the Heat Is On: The Effect of Temperature on Voter Behavior in Presidential Elections

Hot temperatures lead to heightened arousal. According to excitation transfer theory, arousal can increase both antisocial and prosocial behavior, depending on the context. Although many studies have shown that hot temperatures can increase antisocial behavior, very few studies have investigated the relationship between temperature and prosocial behavior. One important prosocial behavior is voting. We analyzed state-level data from the United States presidential elections (N = 761). Consistent with excitation transfer theory, which proposes that heat-induced arousal can transfer to other activities and strengthen those activities, changes in temperature and voter turnout were positively related. Moreover, a positive change in temperature was related to a positive change in votes for the incumbent party. These findings add to the literature on the importance of non-ideological and non-rational factors that influence voting behavior.
Real-time RGB-D registration and mapping in texture-less environments using ranked order statistics

In this paper, we present a real time 3D SLAM system for texture-less scenes using only the depth information provided by a low cost RGB-D sensor. The proposed registration method is based on a novel informative sampling scheme that is able to extract the points carrying the most useful information from two consecutive frames. Those points are assigned 3D feature descriptors and matched with their correspondences from the other frame. A robust estimator is then used to refine the matches and estimate a rigid transformation between the frames. A global pose for the camera and associated 3D position of the points are computed by concatenating the relative transformations and a map is constructed. As a result, we are able to achieve very accurate registration in real-time using the sparse keypoints. Experimental evaluations show that our proposed method outperforms the state of the art registration algorithms in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Grasping Primate Origins

The evolutionary history that led to Eocene-and-later primates of modern aspect (Euprimates) has been uncertain. We describe a skeleton of Paleocene plesiadapiformCarpolestes simpsoni that includes most of the skull and many postcranial bones. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Carpolestidae are closely related to Euprimates. C. simpsonihad long fingers and an opposable hallux with a nail. It lacked orbital convergence and an ankle specialized for leaping. We infer that the ancestor of Euprimates was primitively an arboreal grasper adapted for terminal branch feeding rather than a specialized leaper or visually directed predator.
A Sequence Polymorphism in MSTN Predicts Sprinting Ability and Racing Stamina in Thoroughbred Horses

Variants of the MSTN gene encoding myostatin are associated with muscle hypertrophy phenotypes in a range of mammalian species, most notably cattle, dogs, mice, and humans. Using a sample of registered Thoroughbred horses (n = 148), we have identified a novel MSTN sequence polymorphism that is strongly associated (g.66493737C>T, P = 4.85×10−8) with best race distance among elite racehorses (n = 79). This observation was independently validated (P = 1.91×10−6) in a resampled group of Thoroughbreds (n = 62) and in a cohort of Thoroughbreds (n = 37, P = 0.0047) produced by the same trainer. We observed that C/C horses are suited to fast, short-distance races; C/T horses compete favorably in middle-distance races; and T/T horses have greater stamina. Evaluation of retrospective racecourse performance (n = 142) and stallion progeny performance predict that C/C and C/T horses are more likely to be successful two-year-old racehorses than T/T animals. Here we describe for the first time the identification of a gene variant in Thoroughbred racehorses that is predictive of genetic potential for an athletic phenotype.