Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Value of Locally Produced Foods and Potential for Developing Age-Appropriate Complementary Foods for Children under 2 Years of Age in Mali

Background Promotion of dietary diversity using locally available nutritious foods is an effective approach in low-income areas to improve the quality of young children's diet and, hence, their growth and development. Objective To identify the nutritional values of locally acceptable, feasible, affordable, and sustainable foods and develop a number of recipes that could be used to complement effectively nutrient intakes provided through breastfeeding to children 6 to 23 months of age in Bandiagara, Mali. Methods Structured questionnaires were used to obtain lists of all locally available foods during village assembly meetings and identify the food basket of house-holds and child feeding practices during interviews with mothers and fathers. The nutritional values of the foods were estimated, and the Malian food composition table was used to identify the combinations that would result in the most nutritious recipes. Results Breastfeeding was widely practiced, but the rate of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life was extremely low (7%). The practice of early introduction of water and complementary foods was a problem. Forty recipes for improved dishes, including puddings, drinks and juices, purées, salads, and soups, were proposed. The nutritional values of the 10 most nutritious of these recipes, the types and quantities of the ingredients, and the method of preparation of each recipe are described. Conclusions Locally produced indigenous foods in rural Mali were used to develop energy- and nutrientdense complementary foods for children. Further research is needed to test the short- and long-term effects of consuming these dishes on the nutritional status of children 6 to 23 months of age in Mali.
Improving extent estimation of extended targets with Track-before-Detect

Extended target tracking is well-studied but only a few have considered Track-before-Detect (TbD). In this paper, we address short-comings of the current TbD model solution, to improve extent estimation. Experimenting with a particle filter, we demonstrate that the current solution is inaccurate. We propose a solution that improves extent estimation. Using intermediary solutions, we demonstrate the impact of model mismatches. Our solution matches a reasonable measurement model exactly. Hence, we verify the filter and are confident in our results. In typical situations, model mismatches lead to incorrect results, as we show for the current and intermediary solutions that give poorer results as targets move away from the sensor.
Outcomes two, three and four years after comprehensive care under general anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVES The objective was to review the outcomes for three groups of children after two, three and four years following comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) for 292 children aged 1.8 to 5.9 years of age. DESIGN The study was a retrospective review of ongoing dental treatment needs following treatment under GA. METHODS Information including the individual tooth treatments carried out, ongoing care, fluoride status, socioeconomic status and ethnicity was obtained from dental records from the School of Dentistry and the Otago District Health Board School Dental Service. The accuracy of the records was evaluated by clinically examining 10 percent of the children. RESULTS Ninety-five percent of the treated children were followed up. Fifty-five percent had new caries recorded. For the treatments provided, amalgam had a mean success of 57.1 percent, composite 73.4 percent, compomer 85.2 percent, stainless steel crowns 92.8 percent and pulpotomies 84.6 percent. The majority of replaced restorations were because of new carious lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that most of the restorative procedures and materials used have very successful outcomes in these high-risk children. Ongoing risk of dental caries is high despite current preventive approaches. Other preventive approaches should be investigated.
Factors affecting the age of onset and rate of progression of Alzheimer’s disease

OBJECTIVES To assess the role of cerebrovascular disease, sex, education, occupation, year of birth, leukoaraiosis, congophilic angiopathy, family history, and other demographic factors on the reported age of onset and rate of progression of Alzheimer’s disease. METHODS Analysis of data from the University of Western Ontario Dementia Study, a prospective longitudinal study of dementia patients with clinical and 6 monthly psychometric follow up to postmortem based in a university memory disorders clinic with secondary and tertiary referrals. There were 172 patients with dementia. The main outcome measures were the reported age of onset of cognitive decline as described by the family (available in 168) and rate of progression as measured during the linear phase of the extended scale for dementia, which could be calculated in 66. The cases subdivided into 49 cases of definite Alzheimer’s disease without infarcts, 25 cases of otherwise definite Alzheimer’s disease with infarcts, 79 cases of probable Alzheimer’s disease without infarcts, and 19 such cases with infarcts. RESULTS The age of onset was not influenced by the rate of progression, the presence of cerebral infarcts, or congophilic angiopathy. Educational level, occupational level, sex, family history, year of birth, reported age of onset, severity at entry, an ischaemic score, and the presence of leukoariosis, affected neither age of onset nor the rate of progression. An earlier year of birth had a major effect and higher education had a minor effect on earlier age of onset. The earlier the year of birth, the lower the educational level and the greater the accrual of cerebral infarcts. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to series without pathological verification, age of onset in this study was not affected by occupation. Education had a modest effect on earlier reported onset, probably reflecting earlier recognition. As birth year has a strong effect on educational level and the occurrence of cerebral infarcts, this must be taken into account when analysing for risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.
Overlooked and Undervalued: Women in Private Law Practice

This article examines the durability of gender inequality in private law practice since Kay & Gorman published their comprehensive review in the Annual Review of Law and Social Science in 2008. We begin with some of the changes in legal practice that intensified during the Great Recession and help to contextualize women's lack of progress. We turn next to a contemporary profile of women in private practice that demonstrates empirically where women stand. We look at some of the organizational mechanisms that seem to perpetuate inequality. The challenges of integrating work and family dominated the discussion of women's lack of progress in earlier reviews of women in the legal profession and continue to matter greatly. We assume the persistence of these challenges and instead focus on ways that the mechanisms or strategies for determining compensation systematically overlook and undervalue women's contributions. We consider the different social science frameworks that explain women as overlooked and underva.
UVES/VLT high resolution absorption spectroscopy of the GRB 080330 afterglow: a study of the GRB host galaxy and intervening absorbers

Aims. We study the Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) environment and intervening absorbers by analyzing the optical absorption features produced by gas surrounding the GRB or along its line of sight. Methods. We analyzed high resolution spectroscopic observations (R=40000, S/N= 3− 6) of the optical afterglow of GRB080330, taken with UVES at the VLT∼ 1.5 hours after the GRB trigger. Results. The spectrum illustrates the complexity of the ISM of the GRB host galaxy at z = 1.51 which has at least four components in the main absorption system. We detect strong Fe II, Si II, and Ni II excited absorption lines associated with the bluemost component only. In addition to the host galaxy, at least two more absorbers lying along the line of sight to the afterglow have been detected in the redshift range 0.8< z< 1.1, each exhibiting Mg II absorption. For the bluemost component in the host galaxy, we derive information about its distance from the site of the GRB explosion. We do so by assuming that the excited absorption lines are produced by indirect UV pumping, and compare the data with a time dependent photo-excitation code. The distance of this component is found to be ∼ 280 +40 −50 pc, which is lower than found for other GRBs (1− 6 kpc). We identify two additional Mg II absorbers, one of them with a rest frame equivalent width larger than 1A. Conclusions. The distance between the GRB and the absorber measured in this paper confirms that the power of the GRB radiation can influence the conditions of the interstellar medium up to a distance of at least several hundred pc. For the intervening absorbers, we confirm the trend that on av erage one strong intervening system is found per afterglow, as has been noted in studies exhibiting an excess of strong Mg II absorbers along GRB sightlines compared to quasars.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEMBRANE‐LIKE STRUCTURES WITHIN THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Electron microscope studies (1-5) have revealed two interfibrillar system of nieinbranous tubules that correspond to the reticular structures reported earlier on observations (6, 7) of muscle fibers made with the light microscope. These two systeins of tubules between the fibrils have been called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, recent electron inicroscope studies (8-10) have shown that the transverse system (T system) of tubules is continuous with the sarcolemma at tlie level of the Z band in fish and frog muscle. I n reptiles, birds, and mammals the T system is located near the junctions of the A and I bands. The T system forins the intermediate element of the triad (4). The other system is composed, inore or less, of longitudinally oriented tubules. The terminal segments (terminal cisternae) of this system forin the other two components of the triad. Previous comparative studies (3, 9) have been concerned with siinilarities and differences of tubules in the sarcoplasinic reticulum of different animals. The present report deals with a comparison of structures within the tubules of the sarcoplasinic reticulum in diff erent muscles of the same animal. In addition, structures within tubules a t different levels in the sarcoinere of a given muscle fiber will be compared. In other words, tubular content at the A band level will be compared with tubular content at the I band level. I n several electron microscope studies, opaque inaterial has been observed in tlie terminal segments of the longitudinally oriented sarcoplasmic reticulum. Various descriptive terins have been applied to this opaque material. Porter (2) noted that the sarcoplasmic reticulum of amblystoma muscle fibers appears in general devoid of structural inaterial, with the notable exception of the terminal segments of the reticulum. He (2) observed that these segments contain a condensation of finely fibrous material. The terminal segments are filled with opaque material in mouse niuscle fibers (5). Reger (11) reported dense elements which appear t,o be granular or vesicular a t the level of the terminal segments in eye inuscle fibers of Fundulus. Revel (12) found a fine ineshworlc which he interpreted as a precipitate in the lumen of the terminal segments of bat inuscle fibers. Huxley (13) observed an amorphous-looking inaterial in terminal segments of frog muscle fibers. On the other hand, there is some evidence (14) that inembrane-
New Targets for Zika Virus Determined by Human-Viral Interactomic: A Bioinformatics Approach

Identifying ZIKV factors interfering with human host pathways represents a major challenge in understanding ZIKV tropism and pathogenesis. The integration of proteomic, gene expression and Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) established between ZIKV and human host proteins predicted by the OralInt algorithm identified 1898 interactions with medium or high score (≥0.7). Targets implicated in vesicular traffic and docking were identified. New receptors involved in endocytosis pathways as ZIKV entry targets, using both clathrin-dependent (17 receptors) and independent (10 receptors) pathways, are described. New targets used by the ZIKV to undermine the host's antiviral immune response are proposed based on predicted interactions established between the virus and host cell receptors and/or proteins with an effector or signaling role in the immune response such as IFN receptors and TLR. Complement and cytokines are proposed as extracellular potential interacting partners of the secreted form of NS1 ZIKV protein. Altogether, in this article, 18 new human targets for structural and nonstructural ZIKV proteins are proposed. These results are of great relevance for the understanding of viral pathogenesis and consequently the development of preventive (vaccines) and therapeutic targets for ZIKV infection management.
Astrolabe: A Collaborative Multiperspective Goal-Oriented Risk Analysis Methodology

The intention of this paper is to introduce a risk analysis methodology called Astrolabe. Astrolabe is based on causal analysis of systems risks. It allows the analysts to both align the current standpoint of the system with its intentions and identify any vulnerabilities or hazards that threaten the systems stability. Astrolabe adopts concepts from organizational theory and software requirement engineering. The aim of Astrolabe is to guide risk analysis through its phases so that a near complete investigation of system risks is performed. The concepts and methods driving the Astrolabe methodology have been clearly explained in this paper.
Preconditioning by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Improves the Proangiogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Cells–Based Therapy

Objective—Transplantation of adipose-derived stroma cells (ADSCs) stimulates neovascularization after experimental ischemic injury. ADSC proangiogenic potential is likely mediated by their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and produce a wide array of angiogenic and antiapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to control ADSC differentiation. We therefore hypothesized that mitochondrial ROS production may change the ADSC proangiogenic properties. Methods and Results—The use of pharmacological strategies (mitochondrial inhibitors, antimycin, and rotenone, with or without antioxidants) allowed us to specifically and precisely modulate mitochondrial ROS generation in ADSCs. We showed that transient stimulation of mitochondrial ROS generation in ADSCs before their injection in ischemic hindlimb strongly improved revascularization and the number of ADSC-derived CD31-positive cells in ischemic area. Mitochondrial ROS generation increased the secretion of the proangiogenic and antiapoptotic factors, VEGF and HGF, but did not affect ADSC ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, in vitro. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS-induced ADSC preconditioning greatly protect ADSCs against oxidative stress–induced cell death. Conclusion—Our study demonstrates that in vitro preconditioning by moderate mitochondrial ROS generation strongly increases in vivo ADSC proangiogenic properties and emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondrial ROS in ADSC fate.
Commodification and Resistance: Theoretical Implications Drawn from a Mobile Recreational Community

Drawing on interview, survey, and long-term participant observational research in the BMW motorcycling community, we analyze issues related to the commodification of riding. We use Hill-Collins’s (1999) “both/and” approach in our data analysis. Specifically, we draw on Adorno’s (1991) and Marcuse’s (1964) theories of the commodification of popular culture and the power of the “culture industry” to market non-essential products. We find that Marx’s (Marx and Engels 1988) theory of ways to attain “species-being” have the potential to be expanded via serious leisure activities (e.g., motorcycling) even as some are caught up in the discursive power of the culture industry.
Using Model-Checking Techniques for Component-Based Systems with Reconfigurations

Within a component-based approach allowing dynamic reconfigurations, sequences of successive reconfiguration operations are expressed by means of reconfiguration paths, possibly infinite. We show that a subclass of such paths can be modelled by finite state automata. This feature allows us to use techniques related to model-checking to prove some architectural, event, and temporal properties related to dynamic reconfiguration. Our method is proved correct w.r. t. these properties' definition.
NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY SUBMARINE BASE , GROTON , CONN . REPORT NUMBER 934 JNTERHEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES IN VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL AMPLITUDE

A survey of the physical, working conditions of twelve operating submarines was completed. The purpose was to determine the range of conditions normally encountered in sonar shacks. These conditions will next be assessed for their effects on performance and comfort so that optimum conditions can be specified. The results showed a great diversity of illumination, both in color and quantity, on the various sonar systems. Effective levels of illumination are generally considerably higher under blue light than under red. While the dutycycle of six hours on and 12 hours off watch was standard, rotation periods during watch varied. Several conditions within the sonar shack could be changed to improve working conditions.
Myelin and oligodendrocyte development in the canine spinal cord

We studied the developmental pattern of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation in the fetal canine spinal cord from E40 to P0. The pattern of development matches what has been described in the spinal cord of humans, rodents, and many other species. Oligodendrocytes were first found at E40, close to the central canal, with their spread in a tangential manner to the ventral and then lateral columns. Myelin development followed the same pattern but was not seen until E46. A clear subpial zone lacking glial cells and myelin was seen in the lateral column in early development, suggesting that there may also be a radial component of migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from a ventral site. This spatial–temporal developmental pattern seen in wild type matches a delay in myelination of the superficial tracts of the spinal cord seen in a canine myelin mutant, suggesting that the mutation prevents the distribution and differentiation of OPCs at an early, but narrow, window of time during fetal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:930–939, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) retinamide induces cell cycle specific growth inhibition in PC3 cells

The synthetic retinoid N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4‐HPR) has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of primary and metastatic neoplasms in several animal models. In order to investigate the effect of 4‐HPR on human prostate adenocarcinoma, we designed a series of in vitro experiments with the PC3 cell line to evaluate effects on proliferation, cell cycle kinetics, and c‐myc mRNA expression. 4‐HPR demonstrated cytoxicity only at the supraphysiologic concentration of 10.0 μM. However, asynchronously growing cells exposed to 1 μM 4‐HPR demonstrated a 51% reduction in proliferation rate, associated with an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. PC3 cells synchronized with serum deprivation or aphidicoline exhibited significant decreases in DNA synthesis when treated with 1 μM 4‐HPR. Additionally, these cells were found to accumulate in G0/G1 and S phase. Northern blots indicated a significant decrease in c‐myc mRNA expression in asynchronously growing cells with continuous administration of 1 μM 4‐HPR for 6 days. These data suggest that 4‐HPR can inhibit growth of PC3 cells as a consequence of a block in cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase at a concentration of 1 μM, and that this inhibition is associated with a suppression of c‐myc gene expression. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Service Quality in Private Passenger Automobile Insurance

This study extends previous research on service quality in the private passenger automobile insurance industry by providing empirical evidence using an improved proxy for the value of service. The endogeneity of the value of service is recognized and treated statistically with the two-stage least squares approach. The empirical model also includes a number of control variables that affect the service quality of an insurer. The measures of quality are customer satisfaction scores that are collected from two consumer surveys: the Consumer Reports Survey and the DALBAR Survey. Of critical interest in the analysis of these two different surveys is their respective treatment of claims problems and non-claims problems. For customers who have filed claims with their insurers, more weight is given to the value of service they perceive. In particular, how fast their insurers handle their claims is much more important to these customers than to the general population of policyholders. In contrast, for general consumers of automobile insurance, their satisfaction is based on a number of factors. Specifically, the insurer’s capacity to provide service, output in auto lines, advertising expenditures, and distribution system all affect the quality of service perceived by consumers.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Cross-Country Technology Adoption : Making the Theories Face the Facts

We examine the diffusion of more than twenty technologies across twenty-three of the world’s leading industrial economies. Our evidence covers major technology classes such as textile production, steel manufacture, communications, information technology, transportation, and electricity for the period 1788-2001. We document the common patterns observed in the diffusion of this broad range of technologies. Our results suggest a pattern of trickle-down diffusion that is remarkably robust across technologies. Most of the technologies that we consider originate in advanced economies and are adopted there first. Subsequently, they trickle down to countries that lag economically. Our panel data analysis indicates that the most important determinants of the speed at which a country adopts technologies are the country’s human capital endowment, type of government, degree of openness to trade, and adoption of predecessor technologies. We also find that the overall rate of diffusion has increased markedly since World War II because of the convergence in these variables across countries.
Plasmons in metallic monolayer and bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides

We study the collective electronic excitations in metallic single- and bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) using time dependent density functional theory in the random phase approximation. For very small momentum transfers (below $q\approx0.02$~\AA$^{-1}$) the plasmon dispersion follows the $\sqrt{q}$ behavior expected for free electrons in two dimensions. For larger momentum transfer the plasmon energy is significantly red shifted due to screening by interband transitions. At around $q\approx 0.1$ \AA$^{-1}$ the plasmon enters the dissipative electron-hole continuum and the plasmon dispersions flatten out at an energy around 0.6-1.1 eV, depending on the material. Using bilayer NbSe$_2$ as example, we show that the plasmon modes of a bilayer structure take the form of symmetric and anti-symmetric hybrids of the single-layer modes. The spatially anti-symmetric mode is rather weak with a linear dispersion tending to zero for $q=0$ while the energy of the symmetric mode follows the single-layer mode dispersion with a slight blue shift.