Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chatter Matters: How Twitter Can Open the Black Box of Online Word-of-Mouth

We collect Word-of-mouth (WOM) data on movies from Twitter and employ both a time-series model and a dynamic panel data model to study the influence of WOM on movie box office revenues. Compared with most previous literature that measures WOM through its volume or dispersion, we directly measure the number of recipients of each WOM message using the unique social structural information on Twitter. Thereby we offer a more direct study of WOM and provides a powerful evidence of the causal effect of WOM on product sale which is rarely dealt with in the literature. We also disentangle the different roles of pre-consumption WOM and post-consumption WOM for the first time in the literature and we find that the percentage of pre-consumption WOM has significant explanatory power. Although previous studies conclude that the valence of WOM does not have any explanatory power for movie box office revenue, our time-series based analysis suggests that valence of WOM does play an important role. Our conceptual model and empirical study shed lights on how WOM actually influences product sales and this paper also reveals the value of social networking sites like Twitter to both marketing researchers and practitioners.
A Marketing perspective on social media usefulness

The purpose of this study is to (1) assess the added value of information available before (i.e., leading) and after (i.e., lagging) the focal post’s creation time in sentiment analysis of Facebook posts, (2) determine which predictors are most important, and (3) investigate the relationship between top predictors and sentiment. We build a sentiment prediction model, including leading information, lagging information, and traditional post variables. We benchmark Random Forest and Support Vector Machines using five times twofold cross validation. The results indicate that both leading and lagging information increase the model’s predictive performance. The most important predictors include the number of uppercase letters, the number of likes and the number of negative comments. A higher number of uppercase letters and likes increases the likelihood of a positive post, while a higher number of comments increases the likelihood of a negative post. The main contribution of this study is that it is the first to assess the added value of leading and lagging information in the context of sentiment analysis. This chapter is based on the published article Meire, M. , Ballings, M. , Van den Poel, D. , 2016. The added value of auxiliary data in sentiment analysis of Facebook posts. Decision Support Systems 89, 98–112. The Added Value of Auxiliary Data in Sentiment Analysis of Facebook Posts
Words in action: investigating students’ language acquisition and emotional performance through embodied learning

ABSTRACT There is strong evidence that movement and learning are deeply interlinked supporting effective cognitive functioning and thinking. The link between movement and learning constitutes a new pedagogical paradigm in the contemporary field of language learning and specifically in the area of Embodied Pedagogy and learning. Embodied theories argue that body, next to the mind, is an essential factor in the learning process providing a positive impact on children’s academic growth and language development. This pedagogical concept may offer new ways of engaging students in learning by adopting teaching methods based on Embodied Cognition practice. With this in mind, a classroom movement-based learning intervention, called PanBoy, was developed for first and second graders in mainstream elementary schools. A total of 118 elementary students from six authentic classrooms, were involved in a three-month movement-based intervention in a language learning context. Findings based on statistical analysis of psychometric pre–post testing in language, in conjunction with teachers’ interviews, revealed significant gains in students’ academic achievements and showed improvement on students’ emotional engagement in the process. This study discusses the potential of this classroom intervention, based on embodied learning, as a new teaching practice method with low-cost ideas and easy implementation in real-context language environments.
VII. INFLATION PERSISTENCE IN THE EURO AREA

Euro area inflation stubbornly above 2 per cent Headline inflation in the euro area has, on average, remained stubbornly above 2 per cent -the upper limit of the European Central Bank’s definition of medium-term price stability -for most of the period since mid-2000. This persistence may seem puzzling in the light of weakness in activity and is only partly explained by factors like oil and food prices, and exchange rates. Core inflation, which excludes some of these elements, and the service component of the index, a measure less sensitive to exchange rate developments, have both been rising since late 1999 (Figure VII.1, top panel). At the same time, the inflation rates across euro area economies have diverged (Figure VII.1, middle panel). The policy issues that arise concern both the appropriate rate of inflation that should be used to guide monetary policy decisions and whether structural reforms could enhance the responsiveness of inflation to weak economic activity.
Alveolar Macrophages Play a Key Role in Cockroach-Induced Allergic Inflammation via TNF-α Pathway

The activity of the serine protease in the German cockroach allergen is important to the development of allergic disease. The protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, which is expressed in numerous cell types in lung tissue, is known to mediate the cellular events caused by inhaled serine protease. Alveolar macrophages express PAR-2 and produce considerable amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We determined whether the serine protease in German cockroach extract (GCE) enhances TNF-α production by alveolar macrophages through the PAR-2 pathway and whether the TNF-α production affects GCE-induced pulmonary inflammation. Effects of GCE on alveolar macrophages and TNF-α production were evaluated using in vitro MH-S and RAW264.6 cells and in vivo GCE-induced asthma models of BALB/c mice. GCE contained a large amount of serine protease. In the MH-S and RAW264.7 cells, GCE activated PAR-2 and thereby produced TNF-α. In the GCE-induced asthma model, intranasal administration of GCE increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammatory cell infiltration, productions of serum immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13 and TNF-α production in alveolar macrophages. Blockade of serine proteases prevented the development of GCE induced allergic pathologies. TNF-α blockade also prevented the development of such asthma-like lesions. Depletion of alveolar macrophages reduced AHR and intracellular TNF-α level in pulmonary cell populations in the GCE-induced asthma model. These results suggest that serine protease from GCE affects asthma through an alveolar macrophage and TNF-α dependent manner, reflecting the close relation of innate and adaptive immune response in allergic asthma model.
Visual Cryptography for General Access Structures

A visual cryptography scheme for a set P ofnparticipants is a method of encoding a secret imageSIintonshadow images called shares, where each participant in P receives one share. Certain qualified subsets of participants can “visually” recover the secret image, but other, forbidden, sets of participants have no information (in an information-theoretic sense) onSI. A “visual” recovery for a setX? P consists of xeroxing the shares given to the participants inXonto transparencies, and then stacking them. The participants in a qualified setXwill be able to see the secret image without any knowledge of cryptography and without performing any cryptographic computation. In this paper we propose two techniques for constructing visual cryptography schemes for general access structures. We analyze the structure of visual cryptography schemes and we prove bounds on the size of the shares distributed to the participants in the scheme. We provide a novel technique for realizingkout ofnthreshold visual cryptography schemes. Our construction forkout ofnvisual cryptography schemes is better with respect to pixel expansion than the one proposed by M. Naor and A. Shamir (Visual cryptography,in“Advances in Cryptology? Eurocrypt '94” CA. De Santis, Ed.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 950, pp. 1? 12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995) and for the case of 2 out ofnis the best possible. Finally, we consider graph-based access structures, i.e., access structures in which any qualified set of participants contains at least an edge of a given graph whose vertices represent the participants of the scheme.
Nodular Inflammatory Foci Are Sites of T Cell Priming and Control of Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Neonatal Lung

Neonates, including mice and humans, are highly susceptible to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, many aspects of neonatal CMV infections such as viral cell tropism, spatio-temporal distribution of the pathogen as well as genesis of antiviral immunity are unknown. With the use of reporter mutants of the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) we identified the lung as a primary target of mucosal infection in neonatal mice. Comparative analysis of neonatal and adult mice revealed a delayed control of virus replication in the neonatal lung mucosa explaining the pronounced systemic infection and disease in neonates. This phenomenon was supplemented by a delayed expansion of CD8+ T cell clones recognizing the viral protein M45 in neonates. We detected viral infection at the single-cell level and observed myeloid cells forming “nodular inflammatory foci” (NIF) in the neonatal lung. Co-localization of infected cells within NIFs was associated with their disruption and clearance of the infection. By 2-photon microscopy, we characterized how neonatal antigen-presenting cells (APC) interacted with T cells and induced mature adaptive immune responses within such NIFs. We thus define NIFs of the neonatal lung as niches for prolonged MCMV replication and T cell priming but also as sites of infection control.
A Risk Prediction Model for Screening Bacteremic Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

Background Bacteraemia is a frequent and severe condition with a high mortality rate. Despite profound knowledge about the pre-test probability of bacteraemia, blood culture analysis often results in low rates of pathogen detection and therefore increasing diagnostic costs. To improve the cost-effectiveness of blood culture sampling, we computed a risk prediction model based on highly standardizable variables, with the ultimate goal to identify via an automated decision support tool patients with very low risk for bacteraemia. Methods In this retrospective hospital-wide cohort study evaluating 15,985 patients with suspected bacteraemia, 51 variables were assessed for their diagnostic potency. A derivation cohort (n = 14.699) was used for feature and model selection as well as for cut-off specification. Models were established using the A2DE classifier, a supervised Bayesian classifier. Two internally validated models were further evaluated by a validation cohort (n = 1,286). Results The proportion of neutrophile leukocytes in differential blood count was the best individual variable to predict bacteraemia (ROC-AUC: 0.694). Applying the A2DE classifier, two models, model 1 (20 variables) and model 2 (10 variables) were established with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.767 and 0.759, respectively. In the validation cohort, ROC-AUCs of 0.800 and 0.786 were achieved. Using predefined cut-off points, 16% and 12% of patients were allocated to the low risk group with a negative predictive value of more than 98.8%. Conclusion Applying the proposed models, more than ten percent of patients with suspected blood stream infection were identified having minimal risk for bacteraemia. Based on these data the application of this model as an automated decision support tool for physicians is conceivable leading to a potential increase in the cost-effectiveness of blood culture sampling. External prospective validation of the model's generalizability is needed for further appreciation of the usefulness of this tool.
AN APPRAISAL OF INTERNET USAGE AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF MEMBERS OF JOSEPH AYO BABALOLA UNIVERSITY , IKEJI ARAKEJI , OSUN STATE , NIGERIA

The survey investigated and appraised the use of internet among academic staff members of Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to sixty randomly selected respondents; fifty six were appropriately filled and were used for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed a greater percentage of male (83.9%) among the academic staff members. In addition, 7.1%, 8.9%, 12.5%, 12.5%, 21.4% and 32.1% were Professor, Reader, Senior Lecturer, Lecturer I, Lecturer II and Assistant Lecturer respectively. Majority (80.4%) of them had access to the net with minimum of three years exposure to it. However, the mostly acclaimed means of surfing the net was through their own personal computers (66.1%) and the mostly sought information was on research and academic materials. More than four out of every five academic staff members indicated research and academic materials as the reason for surfing the net. The rating result gotten from summation of weighted values (SWV) also buttressed this point. The study concluded that the use of internet had greatly enhanced and contributed to effective, efficient and high performance level of academic staff members in the university.
Screening for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among high-school graduates accepted for enrollment at Alexandria Faculty of Medicine: academic year 2016/2017

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and underdetected disorder with problematic consequences. Aim of the work The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of ADHD in first-year medical students before their start of academic work. Participants and methods A comprehensive survey of all high school graduates accepted for enrollment at Alexandria Faculty of Medicine for the academic year 2016/2017 was conducted using validated Arabic version of Adult Self-Report Scale screener questionnaire. Results Response rate was ∼93% (779 students). Screening of enrolled students for ADHD using Adult Self-Report Scale showed that nearly one-fifth (21.8%) had symptoms highly suggestive and another fifth (20.3%) were borderline. No significant difference was present between males and female students regarding their scores. Positive screening was not related to sex difference, residency, or type of school. Conclusion ADHD is prevalent among first-year medical students even before starting their academic study. Positive screening was not related to sex difference, residency, or type of school. Further follow-up is needed to discover the effect of positive screening on academic achievement.
Monetary policy and boom-bust cycles: the role of communication

Can central bank communication act as a second instrument when policymakers are facing boom-bust cycles? Against the background of the current discu ssion about introducing an additional instrument when dealing with asset price misalignments, we argue that one of the core instruments of monetary policy should be considered: central bank communication. In a stylized model, we show that communicating the future path of policy can change the t rade-off between the proactive policy of curbing asset price inflation and the reactive policy of lo osening monetary policy conditions during the boom phase. We show that the additional use of communication supports the proactive strategy.
Lesions of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Disrupt the Acquisition But Not the Expression of Goal-Directed Learning

Several studies have established that pretraining lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) render instrumental actions insensitive to devaluation of the instrumental outcome and degradation of the action-outcome contingency. Nevertheless, it remains to be assessed whether the involvement of the mPFC in goal-directed action is limited to the acquisition or to the expression of the action-outcome association in performance. The current series of experiments investigated this issue by comparing the effects of mPFC lesions made either before or after initial training using sensitivity to outcome devaluation as an assay of goal-directed performance. Whereas pretraining lesions left performance insensitive to outcome devaluation, posttraining lesions spared this effect. To determine whether the effect of mPFC lesions on outcome devaluation was the result of a more fundamental deficit in response selection, experiment 2 assessed the impact of pretraining and posttraining lesions on the ability of the instrumental outcome to selectively reinstate the performance of its associated action after a period of extinction. Although both lesions attenuated the magnitude of instrumental reinstatement generally, they left intact the ability of the instrumental outcome to influence response selection. Experiment 3 investigated the relationship between the outcome-selective devaluation and reinstatement effects and found evidence that these effects are both behaviorally and neurally dissociable at the level of the mPFC. These results indicate that the mPFC is selectively involved in the acquisition, but not the permanent storage or expression, of action-outcome associations in instrumental conditioning.
The influence of the climate-strategy fit on strategic work behaviors mediated by affective commitment and moderated by the strength of the HR climate

With regard to the theoretical work about organizational strategy and organizational climate the effect of the strategy-climate fit on strategic work behaviours is studied at two German organizations. A mediating affect of affective commitment was taken into account. Related to the theoretical work of Bowen and Ostroff (2004) this study wants to test a moderating influence of the HR climate strength. Results suggest that no significant difference can be found regarding the influence of the strategy-climate fit. Therefore a stronger fit does not lead to better work behaviours. Looking at specific fits with specific work behaviours, no significant effect can be found either. The mediating effect of affective commitment can not be confirmed although correlational analyses give statistical significant correlations between affective commitment and the strategic work behaviours at one organization. Differences regarding affective commitment can not be explained by the strategy-climate fit. However an indication can be found that the HR climate strength does play an important role regarding affective commitment and affective commitment to the supervisor. Research limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed
Differential peak calling of ChIP-seq signals with replicates with THOR

The study of changes in protein–DNA interactions measured by ChIP-seq on dynamic systems, such as cell differentiation, response to treatments or the comparison of healthy and diseased individuals, is still an open challenge. There are few computational methods comparing changes in ChIP-seq signals with replicates. Moreover, none of these previous approaches addresses ChIP-seq specific experimental artefacts arising from studies with biological replicates. We propose THOR, a Hidden Markov Model based approach, to detect differential peaks between pairs of biological conditions with replicates. THOR provides all pre- and post-processing steps required in ChIP-seq analyses. Moreover, we propose a novel normalization approach based on housekeeping genes to deal with cases where replicates have distinct signal-to-noise ratios. To evaluate differential peak calling methods, we delineate a methodology using both biological and simulated data. This includes an evaluation procedure that associates differential peaks with changes in gene expression as well as histone modifications close to these peaks. We evaluate THOR and seven competing methods on data sets with distinct characteristics from in vitro studies with technical replicates to clinical studies of cancer patients. Our evaluation analysis comprises of 13 comparisons between pairs of biological conditions. We show that THOR performs best in all scenarios.
A Different Take on the Big Bang Theory: Examining the Influence of Asperger Traits on the Perception and Attributional Confidence of a Fictional TV Character Portraying Characteristics of Asperger Syndrome

ABSTRACT Research shows that media figures can influence the construction of one’s personal and social identity. However, there are few studies that examine representations of stigmatized groups with developmental disorders, such as those with autism spectrum disorders. This research examines the effect of a viewer’s scores on the autism quotient (AQ) and their relationship with homophily and attributional confidence towards Sheldon on The Big Bang Theory, who is suspected of having Asperger’s syndrome (AS). Guided by uncertainty reduction theory the results indicated a positive relationship between the dimensions of the AQ and homophily with Sheldon, and a positive relationship between higher scores on the AQ and attributional confidence towards Sheldon. The implications of identification with fictional television characters for individuals with AS, and the application of the AQ in future research are discussed relative to the current findings.
Locomotion in social dilemmas: How we adapt to cooperative, Tit-For-Tat, and noncooperative partners.

The authors address locomotion in social dilemmas, examining the influence of social value orientation (prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations) and partner's strategy (100% cooperation, tit for tat, and 100% noncooperation) on cooperative behavior and locomotion to enhanced or reduced levels of interdependence (tendencies toward approach vs. avoidance). Extending prior research on behavioral assimilation (e.g., H. H. Kelley & A. J. Stahelski, 1970). results revealed that a noncooperative partner elicited not only relatively low levels of cooperation but also locomotions to low interdependence. Also, relative to prosocials and individualists, competitors exhibited low levels of cooperation and locomotions to low interdependence with a tit-for-tat partner. This underscores the functionality of tit for tat, in that it moves away those who seek relative advantage, thus minimizing the costs following from noncooperative interactions.
Biochemical and Clinical Assessments of Segmental Maxillary Posterior Tooth Intrusion

Objective. To compare chondroitin sulphate (CS) levels around maxillary second premolars, first molars, and second molars between the unloaded and the loaded periods and to measure the rates of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth during segmental posterior tooth intrusion. Materials and Methods. In this prospective clinical study, 105 teeth (from 15 patients exhibiting anterior open bite and requiring maxillary posterior tooth intrusion) were studied. Competitive ELISA was used to detect CS levels. Dental casts (during the unloaded and loaded periods) were scanned, and posterior tooth intrusion distances were measured. Results. During the unloaded period, the median CS levels around maxillary second premolars, first molars, second molars (experimental teeth), and mandibular first molars (negative control) were 0.006, 0.055, 0.056, and 0.012 and during the loaded period were 2.592, 5.738, 4.727, and 0.163 ng/μg of total protein, respectively. The median CS levels around experimental teeth were significantly elevated during the loaded period. The mean rates of maxillary second premolar and first and second molar intrusion were 0.72, 0.58, and 0.40 mm/12 weeks, respectively. Conclusions. Biochemical and clinical assessments suggested that the segmental posterior tooth intrusion treatment modality with 50 g of vertical force per side was sufficient. Trial Registration. The study is registered as TCTR20170206006.