Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradigm for industrial strain improvement identifies sodium acetate tolerance loci in Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The application of systems biology tools holds promise for rational industrial microbial strain development. Here, we characterize a Zymomonas mobilis mutant (AcR) demonstrating sodium acetate tolerance that has potential importance in biofuel development. The genome changes associated with AcR are determined using microarray comparative genome sequencing (CGS) and 454-pyrosequencing. Sanger sequencing analysis is employed to validate genomic differences and to investigate CGS and 454-pyrosequencing limitations. Transcriptomics, genetic data and growth studies indicate that over-expression of the sodium-proton antiporter gene nhaA confers the elevated AcR sodium acetate tolerance phenotype. nhaA over-expression mostly confers enhanced sodium (Na+) tolerance and not acetate (Ac-) tolerance, unless both ions are present in sufficient quantities. NaAc is more inhibitory than potassium and ammonium acetate for Z. mobilis and the combination of elevated Na+ and Ac- ions exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect for strain ZM4. A structural model for the NhaA sodium-proton antiporter is constructed to provide mechanistic insights. We demonstrate that Saccharomyces cerevisiae sodium-proton antiporter genes also contribute to sodium acetate, potassium acetate, and ammonium acetate tolerances. The present combination of classical and systems biology tools is a paradigm for accelerated industrial strain improvement and combines benefits of few a priori assumptions with detailed, rapid, mechanistic studies.
Clinical Handbook Of Psychological Disorders

The Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual, Fifth Edition, is a valuable reference to help bridge this gap. posttraumatic stress disorder: rationale, clinical and neurobiological evidence, and D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders, 5 th. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual, 5th ed. Because this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided. He is the Thaddeus L. Bolton Professor of Psychology and the Director of the In D. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders (5th edition, pp. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders, Fifth Edition: A step-bystep treatment manual.
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit natural killer – cell proliferation , cytotoxicity , and cytokine production : role of indoleamine 2 , 3-dioxygenase and prostaglandin E 2

Recently, a number of clinical trials used either mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or natural killer (NK) cells in an attempt to improve the effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In view of the relevant role of both MSCs and NK cells in HSCT, we have recently explored the result of possible interactions between the 2 cell types. We found that activated NK cells could kill MSCs, whereas MSCs strongly inhibited interleukin-2 (IL-2)–induced NK-cell proliferation. In this study, we further analyzed the inhibitory effect exerted by MSCs on NK cells. We show that MSCs not only inhibit the cytokine-induced proliferation of freshly isolated NK cells but also prevent the induction of effector functions, such as cytotoxic activity and cytokine production. Moreover, we show that this inhibitory effect is related to a sharp downregulation of the surface expression of the activating NK receptors NKp30, NKp44, and NKG2D. Finally, we demonstrate that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and prostaglandin E2 represent key mediators of the MSC-induced inhibition of NK cells. (Blood. 2008;111:1327-1333)
Depression and anxiety in unemployed men

Synopsis Psychiatric status and psychosocial variables were assessed in a group of 80 unemployed men. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Present State Examination and ‘caseness’ rated according to the Bedford College criteria. Among men who were normal at the time of job loss, 14% developed a ‘case’ disorder and a further 17% a ‘borderline case’ disorder over the first 6 months of unemployment. These rates are similar to those found in studies concerned with a wider range of severe life events. An increased risk of onset was associated with three factors: lack of an intimate relationship with a wife or girlfriend, trait shyness, and preexisting economic difficulties.
High frequency earthquake ground motion scaling in southeastern Canada and Korea

Vertical and horizontal component velocity seismograms from the CNSN seismic network of southeastern Canada and from the KMA and KIGAM networks of Korea are used for this study of high frequency ground motion scaling. I analyzed a data set consisting of 4646 three component seismograms for southeastern Canada, distances km, and 2701 three component waveforms for Korea, distances 600 km. I performed the regressions of Fourier velocity spectra and peak filtered ground velocities for southeastern Canada, the Korean peninsula, and inland Korea for different combinations of vertical and horizontal components. The regression results for southeastern Canada are characterized by rapid decreases of amplitude at distance less than 40 km ( ) and three segments of geometrical spreading at mid distance ranges (40 400 km). The associated model for the attenuation term can be expressed by . The geometrical spreading functions for vertical, horizontal, and all component show same values at mid to long distance ranges, while there are some deviations at shorter distance ranges. Even if the spectral parameters of kappa 0.01 sec, and stress drop of 200 bars are selected to predict the theoretical excitation spectra, the Brune (1970) model does not fit the excitation spectra for events with moment magnitude greater than 4. The earthquakes in this region may have a distribution of stress drops rather than a single universal stress drop. The regression results for Korea are parameterized by and
The entrepreneurship dynamic : origins of entrepreneurship and the evolution of industries

Preface 1. Introduction: premises of the entrepreneurship dynamic Claudia Bird Schoonhoven and Elaine Romanelli Part I. The origins of Entrepreneurial Activity and New Organizations: 2. The company they keep founders' models for organizing new firms M. Diane Burton 3. The local origins of new firms Elaine Romanelli and Claudia Bird Schoonhoven 4. The role of immigrant entrepreneurs in new venture creation Annalee Saxenian 5. The magic beanstalk vision: commercializing university inventions and research Anne S. Miner, Dale T. Eesley, Michael Devaughn and Thekla Rura-Polley 6. Knowledge industries and idea entrepreneurs: new dimensions of innovative products, services, and organizations Eric Abrahamson and Gregory Fairchild 7. From the technology cycle to the entrepreneurshipdynamic: the social context of entrepreneurial innovation Johann Peter Murmann and Michael L. Tushman Part II. Entrepreneurship in the Evolution of Industries: 8. Learning and legitimacy: entrepreneurial responses to constraints on the emergence of new populations and organizations Howard E. Aldrich and Ted Baker 9. Entrepreneurial action in the creation of the speciality coffee niche Violina P. Rindova and Charles J. Fombrun 10. The power of public competition: promoting cognitive legitimacy through certification contests Hayagreeva Rao 11. social movement theory and the evolution of new organizational forms Anand Swaminathan and James B. Wade 12. Entrepreneurship in context: strategic interaction and the emergence of regional economies Ari Ginsberg, Erik R. Larsen and Alessandro Lomi 13. The legal environment of entrepreneurship: observations on the legitimation of venture finance in Silicon Valley Mark C. Suchman, Daniel J. Steward and Clifford A. Westfall 14. Emergent themes and the next wave of entrepreneurship research Claudia Bird Schoonhoven and Elaine Romanelli References Index.
Preventing congenital syphilis – a regional audit of syphilis in pregnant women seen in Genitourinary Medicine services

Genitourinary case records of 42 pregnant women with syphilis were reviewed as part of a regional audit following the re-emergence of congenital syphilis in the north east of England. National standards, from the British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines on managing syphilis in pregnancy, were met in the majority of cases with 69% being treated according to national guidance and all cases completing treatment. Locally developed standards on multidisciplinary working and communication were met less well, with particular issues regarding the documentation of pregnancy outcomes in GUM records and communication between specialities being highlighted. A regional good practice guide has been developed and implemented to address standards not met, reduce adverse outcomes and prevent future cases of congenital syphilis.
Learning Joint Multilingual Sentence Representations with Neural Machine Translation

In this paper, we use the framework of neural machine translation to learn joint sentence representations across six very different languages. Our aim is that a representation which is independent of the language, is likely to capture the underlying semantics. We define a new cross-lingual similarity measure, compare up to 1.4M sentence representations and study the characteristics of close sentences. We provide experimental evidence that sentences that are close in embedding space are indeed semantically highly related, but often have quite different structure and syntax. These relations also hold when comparing sentences in different languages.
Transporter-mediated uptake into cellular compartments

Active transport across biological membranes represents a critical step in the disposition of many drugs. It is now well-established that different efflux and uptake transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) or organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are involved in the overall disposition and efficacy of numerous compounds. These proteins are mainly expressed at physiological sites of drug absorption and elimination, thus leading to diminished absorption and/or increased transporter-facilitated excretion. Moreover, drug transporters are known to be of protective significance in blood–organ barriers. On the contrary, only little is known about the relevance of transporter function on drug levels within tissues and cellular compartments, i.e. the site of action for many substances. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic processing inside the cell is characterized by uptake, metabolism and elimination. It is gradually being recognized that active uptake and/or efflux transporters may modify target concentrations at the subcellular receptor sites which in turn may have an influence on drug effects. This review will summarize current knowledge about the impact of transporter proteins on drug availability within pharmacologically relevant cellular compartments and tissues as hepatocytes, enterocytes, different blood cell types, brain, and the heart with emphasis on the potential clinical significance of these transporters.
Crossing the phantom divide in an interacting generalized Chaplygin gas

Unified generalized Chaplygin gas models assuming an interaction between dark energy and dark matter fluids have been previously proposed. Following these ideas, we consider a particular relation between dark densities, which allows the possibility of a time varying equation of state for dark energy that crosses the phantom divide at a recent epoch. Moreover, these densities decay throughout the evolution of the Universe, avoiding a big rip. We find also a scaling solution, i.e. these densities are asymptotically proportional in the future, which contributes to the solution of the coincidence problem.
Energy-recovery CMOS for highly pipelined DSP designs

We compare the frequency-versus-power dissipation performance of two energy-recovery CMOS implementations to that of a conventional, supply-voltage-scaled design. The application is a small but complete DSP function. All three designs are based on the same high-level organization and conform to the same I/O specification. SPICE simulations indicate that an energy-recovery design which requires only a small degree of modification to the conventional design offers more than a two-fold reduction in power across a wide range of operating frequencies.
Fair Bandwidth Allocation under User Capacity Constraints

In this paper, we present a theoretical framework and a distributed mechanism for fair bandwidth allocation on a network with various bottleneck links. In our model, a user is guaranteed a minimum bandwidth and charged a price for a bandwidth capacity request. We defined a utility function that reflects user's bandwidth demand when the user requests the bandwidth capacity. We then present a non-cooperative game with social welfare function to resolve users' conflicting bandwidth capacity requests at bottleneck links. We also show that our proposed game-theoretic solution guarantees fair bandwidth allocation as defined in our residual capacity fairness. In order to guarantee the minimum bandwidth requirement, we integrate an admission control in our solution. However, global optimal admission conditions are not easy to implement for large networks. We therefore propose a distributed admission scheme. As a result, the paper presents fair and practical distributed algorithms for bandwidth allocation and admission control in enterprise networks. Our simulation and evaluation study show that the distributed approach is sufficiently close to the global optimal solution
The use of U-500 in patients with extreme insulin resistance.

The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial (1) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (2,3), as well as other smaller trials (4), have established the benefit of treating type 1 and type 2 diabetes to levels of glycemia as close to normal as possible. These studies have formed the basis for the therapeutic targets set forth in the most recent American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines (5). There is a subset of patients classified by the ADA as having “other specific types of diabetes”; this group represents a major therapeutic challenge in terms of achieving glycemic goals (6). These patients have more extreme forms of insulin resistance than typical type 2 diabetic patients, and many manifest various syndromic classifications (Fig. 1). Furthermore, for the purpose of this discussion, we are including patients with extreme endogenous hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemic patients who require doses of exogenous insulin of >200 units/day or in pediatric patients doses >3 units · kg−1 · day−1. This includes a subset of obese type 2 diabetic patients. Extreme forms of insulin resistance may also occur as a temporary state with pregnancy, with endocrinopathies and under various other stress conditions such as an infection, or with exogenous steroid use (Fig. 2). The practical issue of insulin management is essentially the same for all of these various patient categories. While we have defined the more extreme forms of insulin resistance whose requirements are >200 units insulin/day, this is clearly an arbitrary definition. Currently glycemic goals for both type 2 diabetes and “the other specific types of diabetes” are generally not being met. Part of the reason for this is that patients clearly are on insufficient doses of insulin. For instance, the median dose of insulin in a group of Pima Indians under treatment is 70 units/day …
Norepinephrine inhibits a toxin resistant Ca2+ current in carotid body glomus cells: evidence for a direct G protein mechanism.

Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous norepinephrine (NE) inhibits carotid body (CB) sensory discharge, and the cellular actions of NE have been associated with inhibition of Ca2+ current in glomus cells. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the characteristics and mechanism of NE inhibition of whole cell Ca2+ current isolated from rabbit CB glomus cells and to determine the type(s) of Ca2+ channel involved. NE (10 microM) inhibited 24 +/- 2% (SE) of the macroscopic Ca2+ current measured at the end of a 25 ms pulse to 0 mV and slowed activation of the current. The alpha2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, SK&F 86466, attenuated these effects. Inhibition by NE was fast and voltage-dependent i.e., maximal at -10 mV and then diminished with stronger depolarizations. This is characteristic of G protein betagamma subunit interaction with the alpha1 subunit of certain Ca2+ channels, which can be relieved by depolarizing steps. A depolarizing step (30 ms to +80 mV) significantly increased (14 +/- 1%) current in the presence of NE, whereas it had no effect before application of NE (1 +/- 1%). To further test for the involvement of G proteins, NE was applied to cells where intracellular GTP was replaced by GDP-betaS. NE had little or no effect on Ca2+ current in cells dialyzed with GDP-betaS. To determine whether NE was inhibiting N- and/or P/Q-type channels, we applied NE in the presence of omega-conotoxin MVIIC (MVIIC). In the presence of 2.5 microM MVIIC, NE was equally potent at inhibiting the Ca2+ current (23 +/- 4% vs. 23 +/- 4% in control), suggesting that NE was not exclusively inhibiting N- or P/Q-type channels. NE was also equally potent (30 +/- 2% vs. 26 +/- 4% in control) at inhibiting the Ca2+ current in the presence of 2 microM nisoldipine, suggesting that NE was not inhibiting L-type channels. Further, NE inhibited a significantly larger proportion (47 +/- 6%) of the resistant Ca2+ current remaining in the presence of NISO and MVIIC. These results suggest that NE inhibition of Ca2+ current in rabbit CB glomus cells is mediated in most part by effects on the resistant, non L-, N-, or P/Q-type channel and involves a direct G protein betagamma interaction with this channel.
Perceptual discrimination difficulty and familiarity in the Uncanny Valley: more like a “Happy Valley”

The Uncanny Valley Hypothesis (UVH) predicts that greater difficulty perceptually discriminating between categorically ambiguous human and humanlike characters (e.g., highly realistic robot) evokes negatively valenced (i.e., uncanny) affect. An ABX perceptual discrimination task and signal detection analysis was used to examine the profile of perceptual discrimination (PD) difficulty along the UVH' dimension of human likeness (DHL). This was represented using avatar-to-human morph continua. Rejecting the implicitly assumed profile of PD difficulty underlying the UVH' prediction, Experiment 1 showed that PD difficulty was reduced for categorically ambiguous faces but, notably, enhanced for human faces. Rejecting the UVH' predicted relationship between PD difficulty and negative affect (assessed in terms of the UVH' familiarity dimension), Experiment 2 demonstrated that greater PD difficulty correlates with more positively valenced affect. Critically, this effect was strongest for the ambiguous faces, suggesting a correlative relationship between PD difficulty and feelings of familiarity more consistent with the metaphor happy valley. This relationship is also consistent with a fluency amplification instead of the hitherto proposed hedonic fluency account of affect along the DHL. Experiment 3 found no evidence that the asymmetry in the profile of PD along the DHL is attributable to a differential processing bias (cf. other-race effect), i.e., processing avatars at a category level but human faces at an individual level. In conclusion, the present data for static faces show clear effects that, however, strongly challenge the UVH' implicitly assumed profile of PD difficulty along the DHL and the predicted relationship between this and feelings of familiarity.
Synaptonemal complex proteins.

Synaptonemal complexes were isolated from rate spermatocytes for the purpose of biochemical and morphological analysis. Several monoclonal antibodies were elicited against purified synaptonemal complexes to study the composition and assembly of these structures. Four classes of antibodies could be discriminated according to the polypeptides that they recognize on Western blots of purified synaptonemal complexes, namely antibodies recognizing (i) a 190-kDa polypeptide; (ii) a 30- and a 33-kDa polypeptide; (iii) two polypeptides with molecular weights of about 120 kDa; and (iv) polypeptides with molecular weights of 66-55 kDa. The localization of these antigens within spermatocytes was analyzed light microscopically, by means of the immunoperoxidase technique and ultrastructurally, by immunogold labelling of surface-spread spermatocytes. The 66- to 55-kDa polypeptides are not confined to synaptonemal complexes; rather, these polypeptides appear to be chromosomal components. The 190-, 30-, and 33-kDa polypeptides make part of the lateral elements of paired as well as unpaired segments of synaptonemal complexes. The 120-kDa polypeptides were localized on the inner edge of the lateral elements, specifically in paired segments of synaptonemal complexes. The distribution of the 190-, 120-, 30-, and 33-kDa polypeptides within the testis was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of cryostat sections. All these polypeptides turned out to be specific for nuclei of zygotene up to and including diplotene spermatocytes. Only in some early spermatids could the 190-, 30-, and 33-kDa polypeptides be detected, presumably in remnants of synaptonemal complexes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Variables relacionadas con la conducta prosocial en la infancia y adolescencia: personalidad, autoconcepto y género

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido doble. En primer lugar, se estudia la relación entre la conducta prosocialantisocial y variables de personalidad (empatía, impulsividad, afán de aventura y autoconcepto). En segundo lugar se analiza la influencia del género en la conducta prosocial y antisocial. Para ello se ha utilizado una muestra de 421 niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 18 años. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una relación positiva entre conducta prosocial y Empatía, Afán de Aventura, Autoconcepto Positivo y Autoconcepto/Autoestima. Mientras que se observa una relación negativa entre conducta prosocial e Impulsividady Autoconcepto Negativo. Por otro lado, la conducta antisocial presenta correlaciones similares a la conducta prosocial, pero en sentido inverso. En cuanto a las diferencias de género, las mujeres obtienen puntuaciones superiores en la mayoría de factores de conducta prosocial mientras que los varones presentan niveles superiores de conducta antisocial.
Agent programming with temporally extended goals

In planning as well as in other areas, temporal logic has been used to specify so-called temporally extended goals. Temporally extended goals refer to desirable sequences of states instead of a set of desirable final states as the traditional notion of achievement goal does, and provide for more variety in the types of goals allowed. In this paper, we show how temporally extended goals can be integrated into the agent programming language Goal. The result is that Goal agents may now have both beliefs about the future as well as have temporally extended goals. We propose a new decision making mechanism that takes temporally extended goals into account, and investigate properties of this framework.