Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reputational Consequences of Generalized Trust

The present research examines the reputational consequences of generalized trust. High-trust individuals are seen as moral and sociable, but not necessarily competent. When controlling for other traits, there is a negative relationship between trust and perceived competence (Studies 1 and 2). Compared with optimism, generalized trust has stronger effects on morality and sociability (Study 2). Furthermore, people judge those who do not discriminate between trustworthy and untrustworthy groups (unconditional trustors) more negatively than those who only trust groups that are, in fact, trustworthy (conditional trustors). Unconditional trust and unconditional distrust are both viewed negatively (Study 3), even after controlling for attitudinal similarity (Study 4). Critically, both generalized trust and discriminant ability (i.e., conditional trust) have independent reputational benefits (Study 5). These studies suggest that generalized trust plays an important role in how we perceive and judge others.
Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: where are we heading?

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last few years, significant advances in molecular biology have provided new therapeutic options for colorectal cancer (CRC). The development of new drugs that target the immune response to cancer cells seems very promising and has already been established for other tumor types. In particular, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors seems to be an encouraging immunotherapeutic strategy. Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide an update of the current evidence related to this topic, though most immunotherapies are still in early-phase clinical trials for CRC. To understand the key role of immunotherapy in CRC, the authors discuss the delicate balance between immune-stimulating and immune-suppressive networks that occur in the tumor microenvironment. Expert opinion: Modulation of the immune system through checkpoint inhibition is an emerging approach in CRC therapy. Nevertheless, selection criteria that could enable the identification of patients who may benefit from these agents are necessary. Furthermore, potential prognostic and predictive immune biomarkers based on immune and molecular classifications have been proposed. As expected, additional studies are required to develop biomarkers, effective therapeutic strategies and novel combinations to overcome immune escape resistance and enhance effector response.
Detecting Malicious Behaviors in JavaScript Applications

JavaScript applications are widely used in a range of scenarios, including Web applications, mobile applications, and server-side applications. On one hand, due to its excellent cross-platform support, Javascript has become the core technology of social network platforms. On the other hand, the flexibility of the JavaScript language makes such applications prone to attacks that inject malicious behaviors. In this paper, we propose a detection technique to identify malicious behaviors in JavaScript applications. Our method models an application’s normal behavior on function activation, which is used as a basis to detect attacks. We prototyped our solution on the popular JavaScript engine V8 and used it to detect attacks on the android system. Our evaluation shows the effectiveness of our approach in detecting injection attacks to JavaScript applications.
Concordance of HPV‐DNA in cervical dysplasia or genital warts in women and their monogamous long‐term male partners

Transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a premise for development of cervical dysplasia and genital warts (GWs). This cross‐sectional study assesses concordance of HPV types present in GWs or cervical dysplasia in women and genital infection of their monogamous male partners in conjunction with seroprevalence of HPV‐6, ‐11, ‐16, and ‐18 antibodies. Blood was taken from both women and men, as well a smear of the urogenital area of men. HPV DNA detection in women was done in fixed paraffin embedded tissues under histological control. Of 143 couples who agreed to participate in the study, 68 met inclusion criteria. Type‐specific concordance was observed in 32.5% (13/40) of couples in which women had genital warts and in 32.1% (9/28) of couples in which women had cervical dysplasia. In multivariate analysis only smoking in women was associated with concordance (P < 0.05). Prevalence of HPV‐specific antibodies was high in male partners, but was not associated with presence of the same HPV type on their genitals. The same type‐specific HPV antibodies were detected in 81.8% of men in couples with HPV‐6 concordant genital warts, but only in 14.3% of men in couples with HPV‐16 concordant cervical dysplasia (P < 0.01). These results suggest that type‐specific HPV concordance in genital warts and cervical dysplasia lesions of women and genital infection of their male partners is common and similar. Higher seroconversion in couples with HPV‐6 concordant genital warts compared with couples with HPV‐16 concordant cervical dysplasia may be explained by viral load exposure.
Accounting for biases in riboprofiling data indicates a major role for proline in stalling translation

The recent advent of ribosome profiling—sequencing of short ribosome-bound fragments of mRNA—has offered an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate the sequence features responsible for modulating translational rates. Nevertheless, numerous analyses of the first riboprofiling data set have produced equivocal and often incompatible results. Here we analyze three independent yeast riboprofiling data sets, including two with much higher coverage than previously available, and find that all three show substantial technical sequence biases that confound interpretations of ribosomal occupancy. After accounting for these biases, we find no effect of previously implicated factors on ribosomal pausing. Rather, we find that incorporation of proline, whose unique side-chain stalls peptide synthesis in vitro, also slows the ribosome in vivo. We also reanalyze a method that implicated positively charged amino acids as the major determinant of ribosomal stalling and demonstrate that it produces false signals of stalling in low-coverage data. Our results suggest that any analysis of riboprofiling data should account for sequencing biases and sparse coverage. To this end, we establish a robust methodology that enables analysis of ribosome profiling data without prior assumptions regarding which positions spanned by the ribosome cause stalling.
LBMCH: Learning Bridging Mapping for Cross-modal Hashing

Hashing has gained considerable attention on large-scale similarity search, due to its enjoyable efficiency and low storage cost. In this paper, we study the problem of learning hash functions in the context of multi-modal data for cross-modal similarity search. Notwithstanding the progress achieved by existing methods, they essentially learn only one common hamming space, where data objects from all modalities are mapped to conduct similarity search. However, such method is unable to well characterize the flexible and discriminative local (neighborhood) structure in all modalities simultaneously, hindering them to achieve better performance. Bearing such stand-out limitation, we propose to learn heterogeneous hamming spaces with each preserving the local structure of data objects from an individual modality. Then, a novel method to learning bridging mapping for cross-modal hashing, named LBMCH, is proposed to characterize the cross-modal semantic correspondence by seamlessly connecting these distinct hamming spaces. Meanwhile, the local structure of each data object in a modality is preserved by constructing an anchor based representation, enabling LBMCH to characterize a linear complexity w.r. t the size of training set. The efficacy of LBMCH is experimentally validated against real-world cross-modal datasets.
Evaluation of Variability Concepts for Simulink in the Automotive Domain

Modeling variability in Matlab/Simulink becomes more and more important. We took the two variability modeling concepts already included in Matlab/Simulink and our own one and evaluated them to find out which one is suited best for modeling variability in the automotive domain. We conducted a controlled experiment with developers at Volkswagen AG to decide which concept is preferred by developers and if their preference aligns with measurable performance factors. We found out that all existing concepts are viable approaches and that the delta approach is both the preferred concept as well as the objectively most efficient one, which makes Delta-Simulink a good solution to model variability in the automotive domain.
Please Scroll down for Article the Journal of Positive Psychology Witnessing Excellence in Action: the 'other-praising' Emotions of Elevation, Gratitude, and Admiration Witnessing Excellence in Action: the 'other-praising' Emotions of Elevation, Gratitude, and Admiration

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. People are often profoundly moved by the virtue or skill of others, yet psychology has little to say about the 'other-praising' family of emotions. Here we demonstrate that emotions such as elevation, gratitude, and admiration differ from more commonly studied forms of positive affect (joy and amusement) in many ways, and from each other in a few ways. The results of studies using recall, video induction, event-contingent diary, and letter-writing methods to induce other-praising emotions suggest that: elevation (a response to moral excellence) motivates prosocial and affiliative behavior, gratitude motivates improved relationships with benefactors, and admiration motivates self-improvement. Mediation analyses highlight the role of conscious emotion between appraisals and motivations. Discussion focuses on implications for emotion research, interpersonal relationships, and morality. Introduction People are often profoundly moved by leaders, saints, benefactors, and heroes, as well as by ordinary people who do extraordinary things. The positive emotional responses elicited by exemplary others are relatively unstudied, and may be useful to individuals and to society. In fact, positive emotions are experienced more frequently than negative emotions in day-today life (e.g., Fredrickson & Losada, 2005), and it has become clear that moments of positive emotion can be beneficial to the individual experiencing them (see Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). Despite their potential impact, psychologists know very little about the terrain of positive emotions because only one of these emotions has been well-mapped: 'happiness. ' We describe here a family of positive emotions that may enrich the lives of individuals in distinct ways that are not just variants of happiness: the 'other-praising' emotions. Drawing on the appraisal theory of Ortony, Clore, and Collins (1988), Haidt (2003a) described the other-praising family of emotions as arising from others' exemplary actions; members of …
Characterisation of patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features

Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) may have features of connective tissue disease (CTD), but lack findings diagnostic of a specific CTD. A recent European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society research statement proposed criteria for patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). We applied IPAF criteria to patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and undifferentiated CTD-ILD (UCTD). We then characterised the clinical, serological and morphological features of the IPAF cohort, compared outcomes to other ILD cohorts and validated individual IPAF domains using survival as an endpoint. Of 422 patients, 144 met IPAF criteria. Mean age was 63.2 years with a slight female predominance. IPAF cohort survival was marginally better than patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but worse than CTD-ILD. A non-usual interstitial pneumonia pattern was associated with improved survival, as was presence of the clinical domain. A modified IPAF cohort of those meeting the clinical domain and a radiographic or histological feature within the morphological domain displayed survival similar to those with CTD-ILD. IPAF is common among patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and UCTD. Specific IPAF features can identify subgroups with differential survival. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and determine whether patients meeting IPAF criteria benefit from immunosuppressive therapy. IPAF is common among patients with IIP and has distinct subgroups that demonstrate differential survival http://ow.ly/Z0ShD
High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Configural Processing of Cars in Right Anterior Fusiform Face Area of Car Experts

Abstract Visual object expertise correlates with neural selectivity in the fusiform face area (FFA). Although behavioral studies suggest that visual expertise is associated with increased use of holistic and configural information, little is known about the nature of the supporting neural representations. Using high-resolution 7-T functional magnetic resonance imaging, we recorded the multivoxel activation patterns elicited by whole cars, configurally disrupted cars, and car parts in individuals with a wide range of car expertise. A probabilistic support vector machine classifier was trained to differentiate activation patterns elicited by whole car images from activation patterns elicited by misconfigured car images. The classifier was then used to classify new combined activation patterns that were created by averaging activation patterns elicited by individually presented top and bottom car parts. In line with the idea that the configuration of parts is critical to expert visual perception, car expertise was negatively associated with the probability of a combined activation pattern being classified as a whole car in the right anterior FFA, a region critical to vision for categories of expertise. Thus, just as found for faces in normal observers, the neural representation of cars in right anterior FFA is more holistic for car experts than car novices, consistent with common mechanisms of neural selectivity for faces and other objects of expertise in this area.
The Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonist Losartan Affects NHE1-Dependent Melanoma Cell Behavior

Background/Aims: The peptide hormone angiotensin II (ATII) plays a prominent role in regulating vasoconstriction and blood pressure. Its primary target is the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), the stimulation of which induces an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and calmodulin activation. Ca2+-bound (activated) calmodulin stimulates the activity of the Na+/ H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1); and increased NHE1 activity is known to promote melanoma cell motility. The competitive AT1 receptor inhibitor losartan is often used to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Since AT1 mediates ATII-stimulated NHE1 activity, we set out to investigate whether ATII and losartan have an impact on NHE1-dependent behavior of human melanoma (MV3) cells. Methods: ATII receptor expression was verified by PCR, F-actin was visualized using fluorescently labeled phalloidin, and cytosolic [Ca2+] and pH were determined ratiometrically using Fura-2 and BCECF, respectively. MV3 cell behavior was analyzed using migration, adhesion, invasion and proliferation assays. Results: MV3 cells express both AT1 and the angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2). Stimulation of MV3 cells with ATII increased NHE1 activity which could be counteracted by both losartan and the Ca2+/ calmodulin inhibitor ophiobolin-A. ATII stimulation induced a decrease in MV3 cell migration and a more spherical cell morphology accompanied by an increase in the density of F-actin. Independently of the presence of ATII, both NHE1 and migratory activity were reduced when AT1 was blocked by losartan. On the other hand, losartan clearly increased cell adhesion to, and the invasion of, a collagen type I substrate. The AT2 inhibitor PD123319 did not affect NHE1 activity, proliferation and migration, but increased adhesion and invasion. Conclusion: Losartan inhibits NHE1 activity and the migration of human melanoma cells. At the same time, losartan promotes MV3 cell adhesion and invasion. The therapeutic use of AT1 antagonists (sartans) in hypertensive cancer patients should therefore be given critical consideration.
Different Achilles Tendon Pathologies Show Distinct Histological and Molecular Characteristics

Reasons for the development of chronic tendon pathologies are still under debate and more basic knowledge is needed about the different diseases. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize different acute and chronic Achilles tendon disorders. Achilles tendon samples from patients with chronic tendinopathy (n = 7), chronic ruptures (n = 6), acute ruptures (n = 13), and intact tendons (n = 4) were analyzed. The histological score investigating pathological changes was significantly increased in tendinopathy and chronic ruptures compared to acute ruptures. Inflammatory infiltration was detected by immunohistochemistry in all tendon pathology groups, but was significantly lower in tendinopathy compared to chronic ruptures. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes related to collagens and matrix modeling/remodeling (matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in tendinopathy and chronic ruptures compared to intact tendons and/or acute ruptures. In all three tendon pathology groups markers of inflammation (interleukin (IL) 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, IL6, IL10, IL33, soluble ST2, transforming growth factor β1, cyclooxygenase 2), inflammatory cells (cluster of differentaition (CD) 3, CD68, CD80, CD206), fat metabolism (fatty acid binding protein 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, adiponectin), and innervation (protein gene product 9.5, growth associated protein 43, macrophage migration inhibitory factor) were detectable, but only in acute ruptures significantly regulated compared to intact tendons. The study gives an insight into structural and molecular changes of pathological processes in tendons and might be used to identify targets for future therapy of tendon pathologies.
Attitude control in walking hexapod robots: an analogic spatio‐temporal approach

In this paper, the control system of a biologically inspired walking robot is presented. An analog distributed system acts as Central Pattern Generator for the locomotion control, while the attitude control is performed by using a proportional integrative controller for each leg. The inclusion of a saturation block in the attitude control scheme allows to take into account the joint limits, leading to the formulation of a cellular non‐linear network (CNN) based attitude controller. Thus, the whole control system can be structured as an analog control system realized by CNNs generating the locomotion pattern as a function of the sensorial stimuli from the environment. Both the network design and circuit realization are presented in this paper. Some experimental results obtained with the 18 degrees‐of‐freedom walking robot prototype are also reported. Moreover, some interesting experiments showing the robot capabilities to escape from unforeseen situations, in which overloading causes the saturation of a joint motor, are emphasized as an emerging result due to the action on both the locomotion control and the attitude control. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpupillary Distance Measurements among Students in the KumasiMetropolis

Objective: The aim was to obtain interpupillary distance (IPD) measurements of students in the Kumasi Metropolis. The study will provide a database for manufacturers of spectacle frames and optical equipment with Ghana as the target population. The IPD is a crucial measure that needs to be considered before frames can be selected for patients who have been prescribed with spectacle corrections. IPD data from other populations are unsuitable due to variations with age, sex and race. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 500 students, aged 10 to 20 years and selected from Junior and Senior High Schools in the Kumasi Metropolis, was carried out. Interpupillary distances were measured using the pupillometer and the PD rule. Results: Out of the 500 students, 290 (58%) were males. The study revealed that the distance and near IPD measured with pupillometer in students was 65.53 ± 3.348 mm and 61.60 ± 3.054 mm respectively. Furthermore, the IPD was 64.48 ± 3.429 mm and 62.01 ± 3.464 mm for distance and near, respectively, when measured with a PD rule. Conclusion: IPD is affected by age, ethnicity and gender variations. The study will provide normal reference values of interpupillary distance in the Ghanaian population which will be useful to anthropometry, medicine, ophthalmic industry and primary eye care.
Melanoma detection algorithm based on feature fusion

A Computer Aided-Diagnosis (CAD) System for melanoma diagnosis usually makes use of different types of features to characterize the lesions. The features are often combined into a single vector that can belong to a high dimensional space (early fusion). However, it is not clear if this is the optimal strategy and works on other fields have shown that early fusion has some limitations. In this work, we address this issue and investigate which is the best approach to combine different features comparing early and late fusion. Experiments carried on the datasets PH2 (single source) and EDRA (multi source) show that late fusion performs better, leading to classification scores of Sensitivity = 98% and Specificity = 90% (PH2) and Sensitivity = 83% and Specificity = 76% (EDRA).