Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticipated Action Effects Affect the Selection, Initiation, and Execution of Actions

This study investigated the impact of contingent action effects on response production. In Experiment 1 responses of varying intensity were initiated faster when contingently followed by auditory effects of corresponding rather than of noncorresponding intensity. This response–effect (R–E) compatibility influence was robust with respect to practice, and it was not due to persisting influences of preceding R–E episodes. These results support the conclusion that R–E compatibility reflects the impact of anticipatory effect representations in response production. Experiment 2 showed that anticipatory effect codes have an impact on early processes of response production (response selection) as well as on processes that immediately precede overt responding (response initiation). Finally, they also influence the way the actions are physically performed (response execution). The results support and specify ideo-motor theories of action control that assume movements to be controlled by anticipations of their sensorial effects.
A New Fault-Location Algorithm for Series-Compensated Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Based on the Distributed Parameter Model

A new two-terminal fault-location algorithm for series-compensated double-circuit transmission lines based on the distributed parameter line model is proposed. The system is considered as fully transposed, and a six-sequence component network is introduced to decouple the mutual electromagnetic effects between circuits. Two subroutines designated for the fault that occurs on the left or right side of the series compensator are developed. In each subroutine, the voltage of the series-compensated device is eliminated based on the fact that the sequence voltages calculated from two sides are equal at the fault point. The fault-location function is constructed by utilizing the feature in which the transition resistance is purely resistant at the fault point. The proposed algorithm does not rely on the equivalent model of a series-compensated device. Moreover, it does not require the fault type to be known, and there are no fault-location identification and pseudoroot elimination problems. PSCAD is employed to generate numerous fault cases in diverse conditions and the high accuracy of the proposed fault-location algorithm is validated in MATLAB.
Cellular neural networks and zeta functions

This talk is concerned with zeta functions of two-dimensional shifts of finite type. The zeta function is an important invariant, which combines information of all periodic patterns. The zeta function can be explicitly expressed as a reciprocal of an infinite product of polynomials by patterns generation approaches. The methods can apply to two-dimensional cellular neural networks.
Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel derivatives of podophyllotoxin

In order to find the biorational pesticides, eight novel 4β-substituted phenoxyaniline derivatives of podophyllotoxin (4a–h) have been synthesized with significant stereoselectivity and improved yields by employing the BF3 · Et2O/NaI reagent system and evaluated for insecticidal activity against Pieris rapae as well as for their antifeedant effect against fifth instar larvae of P. rapae. The results showed that all these derivatives of PPT showed delayed insecticidal activity, which is different from the traditional neurotoxic insecticides. Among them, compounds possessing a 4β-phenoxyaniline moiety substituted at para (CO2C2H5, Cl, and OH) position exhibited greater insecticidal activity against P. rapae than podophyllotoxin. Also, the antifeedant activities showed that these compounds exhibited less potency than podophyllotoxin.
Microscopic Versus Open Approach to Craniosynostosis: A Long-Term Outcomes Comparison

Abstract The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of using the microscopic minimally invasive approach for the treatment of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. During the last 10 years, 180 consecutive patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were treated: 67 patients were treated with microscopic minimally invasive approach, and 113 were treated with the open approach. In the microscopic group, there was 1 intraoperative complication (1.5%). There were 10 postoperative complications (14.9%), of which 9 required major reoperations and 1 required a minor procedure. The major complications occurred in 7 unicoronal patients (58.3%) and 2 metopic patients (25.0%). In the open-approach group, there were 8 complications (7.1%), 2 patients required major reoperations and 6 required minor procedures. Chi-squared test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the overall complication rate between the microscopic and open approaches. However, in the unicoronal patients, the complication rate was significantly higher in the microscopic group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the microscopic approach is our treatment of choice in nonsyndromic patients with sagittal and lambdoidal craniosynostosis. We no longer use the microscopic approach in patients with unicoronal or metopic craniosynostosis because of the high complication rate.
MULTIFRACTAL AND MONOFRACTAL SCALING IN A LABORATORY MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE EXPERIMENT

Both multifractal and monofractal scaling of structure function exponents are observed in the turbulent magnetic fluctuations of the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment plasma. Structure function and probability distribution function (PDF) analysis exhibits multifractal scaling exponents in low frequency, inertial range fluctuations of the turbulence but monofractal scaling in higher frequency, dissipation range fluctuations. The transition from multifractal to monofractal scaling occurs rapidly suggesting a dissipation mechanism that is insensitive to turbulent structure scale size. Structure functions and PDFs are presented for both temporal and spatial measurements. Variations in the magnetic helicity in the plasma are also shown to modify multifractal scaling characteristics of the inertial range, but do not affect the monofractal scaling of the dissipation range.
Motivating Sustainable Food Choices

Small, everyday changes in people’s behavior can have significant positive environmental impacts. To this end, the research reported here focused on the role of an asymmetric intervention (a “nudge”) in motivating choices with positive environmental outcomes. The context of this research was motivating proenvironmental food choice in campus dining halls. An experiment was conducted in which a default menu, presenting only appealing or unappealing meat-free meal options, was compared with more conventional menu configurations. The use of a default menu increased the probability that study participants would choose a meat-free meal option, and this probability increased when appealing default meal options were provided. Neither the provision of information on the menus nor the proenvironmental value orientation and worldview of participants contributed to the logistic model. These results suggest that default-based interventions can be important tools in motivating proenvironmental behavior and can serve to complement information and education efforts over the long term.
The Distribution of the Mid-to-Lower Crustal Low-Velocity Zone Beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed from Ambient Noise Tomography

We collected continuous seismic data recorded between 2007 and 2010 by 208 broadband stations from the Chinese Provincial Digital Seismic Networks, A Seismic Collaborative Experiment of Northern Tibet, and the Northeastern Tibet Seismic experiment. Cross correlations of vertical component records are computed to extract the Rayleigh wave empirical Green's functions. Group and phase velocities are then constructed from the empirical Green's functions in 8 to 50 s period. At periods ≤25 s, more than 10% lower velocities are imaged beneath the Qaidam Basin, and high velocities are observed beneath the nonbasin regions. At periods ≥30 s, up to 10% lower velocities are imaged in the Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganze Terranes. From these group and phase velocity maps, a three-dimensional (3-D) Vsv model of the crust is derived. The model shows that the Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganze Terranes have a very thick crust with a prominent low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the middle crust. The LVZ thins out in the vicinity of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, providing a new constraint on the mode of deformation across the Tibetan Plateau. The northwestern Qilian Orogen, where receiver functions reveal a Moho deeper than the surrounding areas, also features a relatively weak midcrustal LVZ, which we interpret as an intracrustal response associated with the shortening between the North China Craton and the Tibetan Plateau.
Estimating and controlling UAV position using RGB-D/IMU data fusion with decentralized information/Kalman filter

This paper proposes a 3D data capture system, based on the fusion of data coming from an active depth sensor and a inertial measurement unit (IMU), to determine the position of an aerial unmanned vehicle (UAV) in indoor environments, for control purposes. Firstly, the method adopted to detect the vehicle through using a sequence of RGB-D images. After that, the information provided by the active depth sensor is fused with the data provided by the IMU onboard the vehicle, using a Decentralized Kalman Filter (DKF) and a Decentralized Information Filter (DIF), whose performance are compared. In the sequel, a nonlinear controller is used for positioning the UAV. Finally, the performance differences between the DKF and the DIF are highlighted, as well as the divergence between the results of the depth sensor and the inertial one, in experiments involving abrupt maneuvers to induce estimation errors in the inertial unit, to check the effectiveness of the developed 3D data capture system.
Severity of vanishing white matter disease does not correlate with deficits in eIF2B activity or the integrity of eIF2B complexes

Autosomal recessive mutations in eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) cause leukoencephalopathy vanishing white matter with a wide clinical spectrum. eIF2B comprises five subunits (α–ε; genes EIF2B1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and is the guanine nucleotide‐exchange factor (GEF) for eIF2. It plays a key role in protein synthesis. Here, we have studied the functional effects of selected VWM mutations in EIF2B2–5 by coexpressing mutated and wild‐type subunits in human cells. The observed functional effects are very diverse, including defects in eIF2B complex integrity; binding to the regulatory α‐subunit; substrate binding; and GEF activity. Activity data for recombinant eIF2B complexes agree closely with those for patient‐derived cells with the same mutations. Some mutations do not affect these parameters even though they cause severe disease. These findings are important for three reasons; they demonstrate that measuring eIF2B activity in patients' cells has limited value as a diagnostic test; they imply that severe disease can result from alterations in eIF2B function other than defects in complex integrity, substrate binding or GEF activity, and last, the diversity of functional effects of VWM mutations implies that seeking agents to manage or treat VWM should focus on downstream effectors of eIF2B, not restoring eIF2B activity. Hum Mutat 32:1036–1045, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence that peritoneal exudate cells cultured with eye-derived fluids are the proximate antigen-presenting cells in immune deviation of the ocular type.

Immune privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye results in part from a selective deficit in delayed hypersensitivity that is elicited by antigenic materials placed in this unique tissue site. This distinctive systemic immune response to intraocular Ag (termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation, ACAID) is fashioned by indigenous, intraocular bone marrow-derived cells that capture Ag within the anterior chamber and carry an Ag-specific ACAID-inducing signal via the blood directly to the spleen. An identical form of immune deviation can be evoked by the i.v. injection of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) pulsed in vitro with soluble Ag in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). To determine whether eye-derived cells present Ag directly to responding splenic T cells or merely serve as vehicles to deliver Ag to the spleen, we have conducted MHC restriction experiments with PEC donors and recipients selected to differ at loci dictating MHC and/or minor histocompatibility Ag. When PEC were pulsed in vitro with soluble Ag (BSA) in the presence of culture fluid containing TGF-beta and injected into recipients with which they shared either class I or class II MHC molecules, BSA-specific ACAID was induced. By contrast, PEC pulsed with BSA and TGF-beta-containing culture fluid failed to induce ACAID when the cells were injected into recipients who were completely histoincompatible or were identical with the injected cells only at non-MHC loci. Using MHC class I-deficient transgenic mice, it was determined that intraocular injection of BSA failed to induce ACAID, and that class I-deficient PEC were incapable of inducing either BSA-specific ACAID or splenic regulatory T cells that suppress BSA-specific delayed hypersensitivity. We conclude that cells that carry an ACAID-inducing signal to the spleen are: 1) restricted in their ability to induce ACAID by MHC-encoded molecules, 2) these cells are the proximate APC ACAID, and 3) class I MHC molecules play a central role in presenting exogenous protein Ag to splenic T cells in ACAID.
Political Outspokenness: Factors Working against the Spiral of Silence

Tested here is the argument that political outspokenness is affected not only by one's perception of the climate of opinion and one's gender, age, education and income, as Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann argues, but also by one's interest in politics and level of self-efficacy, the obtrusiveness of the issue, extent of media use, and by certainty of views held. A 1987 survey of 624 individuals in Austin, Texas, suggests that people may not be as helpless in the face of public opinion as Noelle-Neumann's “Spiral of Silence” theory would hold, and that there are certain conditions under which it is possible to buck the spiral to express opinions.
Apologizing in English: Politeness strategies used by native and non-native speakers

This paper presents the results ofempirical research comparing the politeness strategies used by Americans and Venezuelans in an English language roleplay Situation, apologizing to a friend for not having attended his party. The analysis of their conversations indicates that whereas the Americans were deferential and self-effacing towards the offended American host (using negative politeness strategies), the Venezuelans, in line with their sociocultural rules of language use, werefriendly but not contrite, expressing themselves in terms of familiarity and solidarity with the host (using positive politeness strategies). The result of the American approach was the establishment ofharmony. It left bot h the participants and the host comfortable with the outcome. By contrast, the Venezuelan approach led to disharmony between the host and the participants resulting in miscommunication of the intended message. The host was offended by what he perceived äs callousness on the pari of the Venezuelans, and the Venezuelans for their part feit harassed by a friend who demanded respect when none was called for. This and other studies have shown that differences in conversational style have the potential for creating disharmony and misunderstanding. Thus, äs Byrnes (1986) indicates, it may be desirable to improve cross-cultural communication by using a common highly deferential style which subsequently could be modified ifmutually acceptable to the communicative partners. Multilingua 8-1 (1989), 3-20 0167-8507/89/0008-0003 $2.00 © Mouton de Gruyter
A Performance and Routability Driven Router for FPGAs Considering Path Delays

This paper presents a new performance and routability driven router for symmetrical array based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The objectives of our proposed routing algorithm are twofold: (1) improve the routability of the design (i.e., minimize the maximumrequired routing channel density) and (2) improve the overall performance of the design (i.e., minimize the overall path delay). Initially, nets are routed sequentially according to their criticalities and routabilities. The nets/paths violating the routing-resource and timing constraints are then resolved iteratively by a rip-up-and-rerouter, which is guided by a simulated evolution based optimization technique. The proposed algorithm considers the path delays and routability throughout the entire routing process. Experimental results show that our router can significantly improve routability and reduce delay over many existing routing algorithms.
Hiroshima, Nagasaki and the RERF.

broad strategy was followed. Searches were initiated for new diseases uniquely associ- ated with radiation, altered incidences of known diseases, and changes in physiological status without overt disease. Growth and development of individuals exposed in childhood were studied. In addition, the incidence of cataracts and of leukemia and other blood dyscrasias in children and adults were surveyed.
Hardware-oriented Approximation of Convolutional Neural Networks

High computational complexity hinders the widespread usage of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), especially in mobile devices. Hardware accelerators are arguably the most promising approach for reducing both execution time and power consumption. One of the most important steps in accelerator development is hardware-oriented model approximation. In this paper we present Ristretto, a model approximation framework that analyzes a given CNN with respect to numerical resolution used in representing weights and outputs of convolutional and fully connected layers. Ristretto can condense models by using fixed point arithmetic and representation instead of floating point. Moreover, Ristretto fine-tunes the resulting fixed point network. Given a maximum error tolerance of 1%, Ristretto can successfully condense CaffeNet and SqueezeNet to 8-bit. The code for Ristretto is available.
Student Perceptions of Geography and Environmental Science Fieldwork in the Light of Restricted Access to the Field, Caused by Foot and Mouth Disease in the UK in 2001

Internationally, fieldwork is generally seen as intrinsic to the very nature of geographical education. However, objective experimentation comparing student learning experiences with and without fieldwork is rare. During 2001 in the UK, fieldwork was withdrawn from many university degree programmes as Foot and Mouth Disease led to restrictions on access to the countryside. This restriction provided an unexpected opportunity to assess student perceptions of fieldwork in the light of its absence and to review those alternative learning strategies which were put in its place (where appropriate). To this end, nominal group technique (NGT) was applied to five groups of students from five separate UK universities to obtain information on the groups' perceptions of the value of fieldwork. NGT elicited almost 300 responses from 33 final-year students representing a high level of group consensus on the issues involved. Rationalisation of responses identified 12 categories, which reflect and amplify key educational objectives addressed by fieldwork in geography and environmental sciences from existing theoretical literature. Results demonstrate that student perception of fieldwork (based on previous university-level field experiences) is overwhelmingly positive. The groups identified the experience of geographical reality, developing subject knowledge, acquiring technical, transferable and holistic skills, and working with peers and lecturers as being the most important perceived benefits of fieldwork. Negative impacts of fieldwork included high levels of time consumption. Using a systematic and objective methodology, these results confirm, in a novel rigorous multi-institutional approach, the conception of geography and environmental science fieldwork as being of significant value for the overall student learning experience.
Efficient universal lossless data compression algorithms based on a greedy sequential grammar transform - Part one: Without context models

A grammar transform is a transformation that converts any data sequence to be compressed into a grammar from which the original data sequence can be fully reconstructed. In a grammar-based code, a data sequence is first converted into a grammar by a grammar transform and then losslessly encoded. In this paper, a greedy grammar transform is first presented; this grammar transform constructs sequentially a sequence of irreducible grammars from which the original data sequence can be recovered incrementally. Based on this grammar transform, three universal lossless data compression algorithms, a sequential algorithm, an improved sequential algorithm, and a hierarchical algorithm, are then developed. These algorithms combine the power of arithmetic coding with that of string matching. It is shown that these algorithms are all universal in the sense that they can achieve asymptotically the entropy rate of any stationary, ergodic source. Moreover, it is proved that their worst case redundancies among all individual sequences of length are upper-bounded by log log log , where is a constant. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the Unix Compress and Gzip algorithms, which are based on LZ78 and LZ77, respectively.
Engaging energy saving through motivation-specific social comparison

Comparison is widely used in research projects and commercial products whose goal is to motivate energy saving at home. This research builds on fundamental theories from social psychology in an attempt to shed light on how to motivate consumers to conserve energy by providing relevant people for social comparison depending on consumer's motivation to compare. To support the research process, the mobile application EnergyWiz was developed through a theory-driven design approach. Along with other features EnergyWiz provides users with three types of social comparison - normative, one-on-one and ranking. The results of interviews with prospective users are used to derive design suggestions for relevant people for comparison (comparison subjects).
Variation in the Ways that Instrumental and Vocal Students Experience Learning Music

This paper reports on variation in the ways that instrumental and vocal students at tertiary level experience, or understand, learning. Five related conceptions of learning are described ranging from quite limiting views to expansive views. Students who only experience learning music within a limiting conception will focus their attention on the technical aspects of playing or singing. Students who experience learning music within the expansive conception are able to focus on more meaningful aspects of music if the learning environment supports their view. Understanding the ways that instrumental and vocal students experience learning may have implications for the development of learning environments that will encourage students to adopt a more sophisticated learning framework resulting in higher quality learning outcomes.