Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limbus Lumbar Vertebral Fractures in 27 Adolescents and Adults

Fractures of the lumbar vertebral limbus involve varying degrees of fragmentation of the peripheral ring apophysis, located at the posterior superior or posterior inferior margins of the mid to lower lumbar vertebrae. Four types, uniquely found in adolescents and young adults, have been described. Type I lesions consist of avulsions of the posterior cortical vertebral rim. Type II fractures are composed of central cortical and cancellous bone fractures. Type III lesions are more lateralized chip fractures. Type IV fractures span the entire length and breadth of the posterior vertebral margin between the end plates. The clinical, neuroradiologic, and surgical management of 27 patients with these four types of lumbar limbus vertebral fractures are reviewed. The data regarding location and type of fracture were critical for planning piecemeal surgical resection with a downbiting curette, tamp, and mallet technique.
Cohort Studies: Prospective versus Retrospective

Cohort studies form a suitable study design to assess associations between multiple exposures on the one hand and multiple outcomes on the other hand. They are especially appropriate to study rare exposures or exposures for which randomization is not possible for practical or ethical reasons. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies have higher accuracy and higher efficiency as their respective main advantages. In addition to possible confounding by indication, cohort studies may suffer from selection bias. Confounding and bias should be prevented whenever possible, but still can exert unknown effects in unknown directions. If one is aware of this, cohort studies can form a potent study design in nephrology producing, in general, highly generalizable results.
Does the Model Matter ? A Review of Literature on Vocational Outcomes for Consumers of Mental Health Services Project Summary Investigators :

Background Understanding relationships between vocational models and vocational outcomes is an important area of focus for occupational therapists. A large body of literature has confirmed the relationship of employment to well being in the general population (Vaillant & Vaillant, 1981). Research has also been developing over the past decade with regards to persons with severe mental illnesses. Studies suggest that like other populations, mental health consumers experience significant benefits through employment. For example, Meuser et. al. (1997) showed that formerly unemployed psychiatric patients who obtained competitive employment while participating in a vocational program tended to have lowered symptoms, better overall functioning, and higher self-esteem after controlling for baseline levels of these variables.
Cognition In Children

Part 1 Cognition in infancy: the building blocks of cognitive development knowledge representation, reasoning, problem solving and learning conceptual development the development of causal reasoning. Part 2 The development of memory: infantile amnesia, symbolic representation and different memory systems strategies for remembering, metamemory and cognitive development logical reasoning in childhood Piaget's theory of logical development.
Neurosis and the Social Environment

The best ebooks about Neurosis And The Social Environment that you can get for free here by download this Neurosis And The Social Environment and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as neurosis and the social environment neurosis and social bonds in an urban population social bonds in the epidemiology of neurosis: a what is a neurosis? 7 neurosis and personality disorder neurosis and ocd ed social relationships and the onset of depressive disorders neurosis&! other! behaviour! disorders! byerikrees! fbig! (dip)! genetic covariation between neuroticism and the symptoms the individual psychology perspective: positive psychology deficiencies in social relationships of individuals with ine other hypotheses and also find2 that this causal psychodynamic theory & social functioning why a neurosis? marquette university research neurosis and human growththe struggle toward self psychoanalytic social theory Ã¢Â€Â“ karen horney the neurotic citizen penelope ironstone-catterall karen horney: neurotic needs and trends neurosis and incompatible marriage: an analysis of anita play and neuroses of children imagotherapy as a method of rehabilitation in neuroses and institutionalization: a theory of human behavior and the impulsive neuroses and crime: a critical review
The recent progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: A short review

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses tumors that do not express either the estrogen receptor (ER) or theprogesterone receptor (PR) and also do not overexpress the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2). This is aheterogenous group of tumors that significantly overlaps with both basal-like tumors and BRCA1/BRCA2 mutationassociatedtumors. TNBC is highly aggressive in nature and exhibits worse prognosis than the other subtypes of breastcancer, despite its increased chemosensitivity. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a treatment option regularlyincorporated in clinical practice to improve subsequent surgical management. In parallel, allows rating of the pathologicalcompete response (pCR) which is associated with the prognosis of these patients and evaluates the efficacy of the appliedtreatment as well. Platinum-based regimens and novel targeted therapies have shown some benefit in TNBC, though anunmet need for improved therapeutic strategies in this patient population still remains. In this review, the latest progressesin NACT in TNBC are discussed, along with the improved understanding of molecular targets and useful biomarkers inthis group of patients.
Introduction of the use of structured pain assessment for post-operative patients in Kenya: implementing change using a research-based co-operative approach.

A research-based project was conducted to introduce structured pain assessment on a surgical ward at a general hospital in Kenya, East Africa. The aim was to improve pain control, and subsequently patients' recovery and satisfaction with care. It was agreed that the ultimate aim was to develop and use a common tool for pain assessment throughout the hospital, thereby reducing disparity in various clinical areas, and raising standards of patient care. The project was seen as a pilot, and planned introduction of the pain assessment took place over 1 month. This paper describes the findings in relation to the patient sample, and perceptions of nurses taking part. It also contains reflections about action research, and how it may enter the scene as a way of understanding the whole picture retrospectively.
Hidden Voices: The Language and Losses of Birthmothers

This study sought to listen to the grief experience ofbirthmothers and the role language plays in the grieving process. First, research and analysis of the distinctive features ofbirthmothers' grief were briefly summarized. The research suggested that birthmothers experiences of grief are marginalized and disenfranchised. Further, birthmothers experience mUltiple and ongoing losses because of their relinquishment. To examine how birthmothers' understand and describe their experiences of losing a child through adoption this study conducted a content analysis of four internet sites that facilitate birthmothers' voices. The voices collected suggest that the language used by adoption professionals and mainstream society contribute to a birthmothers' experience of disenfranchised grief. Finally, this paper concluded with future recommendations made by birthmothers. The recommendations included, "respectful adoption language" that included the voices ofbirthmothers, educations to prevent regret, providing birthmothers with an original registration of live birth, prevention of exploitation and the New South Wales Model.
Immunization of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with antitumor necrosis factorα therapy and methotrexate

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this study is to highlight the recent findings on the use of methotrexate and/or TNFα-blockers in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their effects on the immune response to various vaccines. Recent findingsRegarding influenza vaccination, methotrexate monotherapy is not associated with a decreased response, whereas the use of etanercept and infliximab in combination with methotrexate may cause lower titers and lower response rates. Concerning pneumococcal vaccination, methotrexate seems to impair responsiveness. The concomitant use of adalimumab and methotrexate is also associated with decreased response, whereas the concomitant use of etanercept or infliximab seems not to have an effect on response rates. As immunological pathways seem to play a major role, T-cell-dependent pneumococcal vaccines are designed to achieve higher response rates and protective titers. SummaryPatients with rheumatic disorders are more likely to develop preventable infectious diseases, which underlines the importance of adequate immunoprotective titers. Several studies have shown that the combination of methotrexate and certain TNFα-blockers are affecting the responsiveness to vaccines. Further findings indicate that the response also depends on what type of vaccine is used.
Costly Advertising and the Evolution of Cooperation

In this paper, I investigate the co-evolution of fast and slow strategy spread and game strategies in populations of spatially distributed agents engaged in a one off evolutionary dilemma game. Agents are characterized by a pair of traits, a game strategy (cooperate or defect) and a binary ‘advertising’ strategy (advertise or don’t advertise). Advertising, which comes at a cost , allows investment into faster propagation of the agents’ traits to adjacent individuals. Importantly, game strategy and advertising strategy are subject to the same evolutionary mechanism. Via analytical reasoning and numerical simulations I demonstrate that a range of advertising costs exists, such that the prevalence of cooperation is significantly enhanced through co-evolution. Linking costly replication to the success of cooperators exposes a novel co-evolutionary mechanism that might contribute towards a better understanding of the origins of cooperation-supporting heterogeneity in agent populations.
Crash Pulse Optimization for Occupant Protection at Various Impact Velocities

Objective: Vehicle deceleration has a large influence on occupant kinematic behavior and injury risks in crashes, and the optimization of the vehicle crash pulse that mitigates occupant loadings has been the subject of substantial research. These optimization research efforts focused on only high-velocity impact in regulatory or new car assessment programs though vehicle collisions occur over a wide range of velocities. In this study, the vehicle crash pulse was optimized for various velocities with a genetic algorithm. Method: Vehicle deceleration was optimized in a full-frontal rigid barrier crash with a simple spring–mass model that represents the vehicle–occupant interaction and a Hybrid III 50th percentile male multibody model. To examine whether the vehicle crash pulse optimized at the high impact velocity is useful for reducing occupant loading at all impact velocities less than the optimized velocity, the occupant deceleration was calculated at various velocities for the optimized crash pulse determined at a high speed. The optimized vehicle deceleration–deformation characteristics that are effective for various velocities were investigated with 2 approaches. Results: The optimized vehicle crash pulse at a single impact velocity consists of a high initial impulse followed by zero deceleration and then constant deceleration in the final stage. The vehicle deceleration optimized with the Hybrid III model was comparable to that determined from the spring–mass model. The optimized vehicle deceleration–deformation characteristics determined at a high speed did not necessarily lead to an occupant deceleration reduction at a lower velocity. The maximum occupant deceleration at each velocity was normalized by the maximum deceleration determined in the single impact velocity optimization. The resulting vehicle deceleration–deformation characteristic was a square crash pulse. The objective function was defined as the number of injuries, which was the product of the number of collisions at the velocity and the probability of occupant injury. The optimized vehicle deceleration consisted of a high deceleration in the initial phase, a small deceleration in the middle phase, and then a high deceleration in the final phase. Conclusion: The optimized vehicle crash pulse at a single impact velocity is effective for reducing occupant deceleration in a crash at the specific impact velocity. However, the crash pulse does not necessarily lead to occupant deceleration reduction at a lower velocity. The optimized vehicle deceleration–deformation characteristics, which are effective for all impact velocities, depend on the weighting of the occupant injury measures at each impact velocity.
A Proportional Time Allocation Algorithm to Transmit Binary Sensor Decisions for Target Tracking in a Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper, we study the target tracking problem in a wireless sensor network. A sensor receives a measurement from an energy emitting target and employs binary quantization to the received measurement to generate its decision. A sinusoidal waveform with a certain duration is then used to transmit the sensor decision to the fusion center (FC). All sensor decisions are transmitted to the FC over erroneous wireless channels based on a time division multiple access scheme. We introduce the proportional time allocation (PTA) algorithm where at each time step of tracking, PTA jointly determines the sensors binary quantization thresholds and their time allocations devoted for the transmissions of binary sensor decisions. Simulation results show that, PTA optimally and dynamically distributes the available transmission time among the sensors near the target so that the decisions of such sensors become less subject to channel errors, and turns off the non-informative sensors located far away from the target. Hence, PTA both saves from the number of sensors transmitting to the FC and provides better estimation performance as compared to ad hoc equal time allocation approaches.
Vibrational directionality in the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), is mediated by female song

We tested the hypothesis that male southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.), use substrate-borne songs to locate females. We recorded the responses of bugs on plants to the vibrations caused by a prerecorded female song and by an artificial sound. The female song caused males to walk, to respond with the calling and courtship songs and to approach the source of the song with characteristic search behaviour at junctions between branches on the plants. At a junction, a searching male stopped, stretched his legs and antennae and compared the vibratory signals on the two branches, with different combinations of legs and antennae. The males then left the junction and approached the source of the vibration. Males located the loudspeaker significantly more frequently in the presence than in the absence of vibratory stimuli on cyperus, Cyperus alternifolius L. , and beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Vibrational directionality was also elicited by artificial pure tones whose spectral and temporal parameters were similar to those of natural female song. Females showed no reaction to vibratory stimulation and no vibrational directionality. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying vibrational directionality in the light of expected signal changes during transmission through plants. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Noninterference, Transitivity, and Channel-Control Security Policies 1

We consider noninterference formulations of security policies [7] in which the \interferes" relation is intransitive. Such policies provide a formal basis for several real security concerns, such as channel control [17, 18], and assured pipelines [4]. We show that the appropriate formulation of noninterference for the intransitive case is that developed by Haigh and Young for \multidomain security" (MDS) [9, 10]. We construct an \unwinding theorem" [8] for intransitive polices and show that it di(cid:11)ers signi(cid:12)cantly from that of Haigh and Young. We argue that their theorem is incorrect. A companion report [22] presents a mechanically-checked formal speci(cid:12)cation and veri(cid:12)cation of our unwinding theorem. We consider the relationship between transitive and intransitive formulations of security. We show that the standard formulations of non-interference and unwinding [7, 8] correspond exactly to our intransitive formulations, specialized to the transitive case. We show that transitive polices are precisely the \multilevel security" (MLS) polices, and that any MLS secure system satis(cid:12)es the conditions of the unwinding theorem. We also consider the relationship between noninterference formulations of security and access control formulations, and we identify the \reference monitor assumptions" that play a crucial role in establishing the soundness of access control implementations.
p -ARAMID RFP DO NOT INDUCE CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN A STANDARDIZED IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY ASSAY USING HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

Genotoxicity evaluations have been proposed as regulatory requirements for establishing German MAK values for inhaled fibrous dusts. The objective of this in vitro assay was to assess the potential for para -aramid (p -aramid) respirable-sized, fiber-shaped particulates (RFP) to induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes without metabolic activation. The highest concentration tested in this assay was limited by the physical characteristics of p -aramid RFP. The test substance was suspended in fully supplemented RPMI culture medium with 1% Pluronic F68. All dosing was achieved using a dosing volume of 90% (900 µl/ml), and the vehicle control cultures were treated with 900 µl/ml of fully supplemented RPMI culture medium with 1% Pluronic F68. In the chromosomal aberrations assay, the treatments were either 3 or 19 h without metabolic activation. Cultures were harvested 22 h from the initiation of treatment. Replicated cultures of human whole blood lymphocytes were incubated with p -aramid RFP concentrations of 6.30, 12.6, 25.2, 50.4, 101, 201, and 401 µg/ml. Cultures treated with concentrations to 50.4 µg/ml for 3 h and 6.30, 12.6, 25.2, and 201 µg/ml for 19 h were analyzed for structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. No significant increase in cells with chromosomal aberrations, polyploidy, or endoreduplication was observed in the cultures analyzed. The results demonstrated that p -aramid RFP was negative for inducing chromosomal aberrations in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes without metabolic activation. In addition, we conclude that the utility of these tests for evaluating the genotoxicity of fibrous or particulate materials is questionable.
Updated Kiel classification for lymphomas

Members of the European Lymphoma Club published an updated version of the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) in the correspondence column of The Lancet in February of this year. ’ The major change between the updated and the original Kiel classification,2 published 14 years earlier, is the division of NHL into separate Band T-cell categories. Before embarking on a discussion of the updated classification, it is worth considering briefly both the purpose and the limitations of lymphoma classifications. From a clinical point of view, the histological diagnosis assigned to a patient will often have a substantial influence on management. Treatment regimes in current use are based on response data accumulated over periods of many years and oncologists are often, understandably, reluctant to abandon old classifications and accept new systems that have not been subjected to similar clinical evaluation. The clinical relevance and reproducibility of the updated Kiel classification, particularly with respect to the T-cell lymphomas, has already been questioned by Mead and Sweetenham. ’ Reproducibility is certainly a major problem in lymphoma classification, and previous studies have shown large interand intra-observer variability amongst pathologists in allocating cases to specific categories. The diagnostic histopathologist may view classification systems from a slightly different perspective from the clinician. Reproducibility and comprehensibility are important requirements. Reproducibility is probably much less consistent than we believe and should be tested more often on experts and non-experts alike. Coinprehensibility is altogether another matter. Precise and logical categorizations assist the pathologist in arriving at a specific diagnosis. The imprecision of the term ‘reticulum cell sarcoma’ was legendary and not only allowed large cell lymphomas to be included in this category, but also resulted in the mislabelling of anaplastic carcinomas and melanomas. In contrast, centroblastic lymphoma, for example, has precisely defined morphological characteristics that permit its recognition in good quality cytological and histological preparations.
Multi-catheter interstitial accelerated partial breast irradiation – tips and tricks for a good insertion

Adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended post breast conserving surgery. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) offers a more attractive shorter course of treatment over 5 days compared to standard conventional external beam radiotherapy, which is often protracted. Multi-catheter interstitial APBI offers excellent dosimetric coverage. This article describes two insertion techniques for multi-catheter interstitial APBI, the operator dependent freehand technique, and the easier to learn template technique. The indications, benefits, and drawbacks of these two techniques are discussed.
Second messenger and Ras/MAPK signalling pathways regulate CLOCK/CYCLE‐dependent transcription

The heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (CLK) and CYCLE (CYC) constitutes the positive element of the circadian clock in Drosophila and mammals. Phosphorylation of clock proteins represents an essential mechanism for promotion and control of the molecular oscillator. However, the kinases and signalling pathways that regulate CLK/CYC function remain largely elusive. In the present study we performed a chemical screen of kinase inhibitors in a cell culture reporter assay to identify functional regulators of CLK/CYC‐dependent gene expression. These studies and analysis of constitutively active forms of kinases revealed that cyclic nucleotide/protein kinase A (PKA), calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMK) II and Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulate CLK/CYC activity. In vitro phosphorylation analysis showed a direct phosphorylation of CLK by CaMK II and p42 MAPK [extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 2], suggesting that these kinases regulate CLK/CYC‐dependent transcription by direct phosphorylation of CLK.