Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industrial control systems (ICSs) vulnerabilities analysis and SCADA security enhancement using testbed encryption

The scope of SCADA communication (protocols) was limited to specific industry or for specific operations within industry (real time automation systems). The scalability, interoperability and reliability of data (communication) had been the major issues, while development of proprietary protocols within SCADA communication. The uses of advance information technology (I.T) infrastructures and several open standards (non- proprietary) protocols. SCADA systems have been also connected with number of networks and provides centralized control center to control thousand (or more) of field devices over distance placed via internet technology. SCADA systems have number of benefits, while connecting with open standard networks (or protocols) included cost less development, interoperability between several vendors' devices, utilization of several open standard protocols (and networks) without translators, fast data access between nodes, end-user testing and more accurate performance results (conformance testing and several other tests) and more scalability, etc. Current research reviews the security implementations (existing implementations) and major attacks that have been interacting within SCADA/DNP3 protocol communication. Based on existing and current SCADA/DNP3 security issues, the security solutions (using cryptography implementations) have been proposed to protect the communication (SCADA/DNP3 protocol communication). Attack (abnormal) scenarios have been created within each testbed implementation (cryptography testbed), and level of security is measured and compare with attack detection level and attack impact level.
Instructional challenges of incorporating aspects of critical literacy work in digitalised classrooms

Abstract This study explores what opportunities for critical literacy work that can be distinguished in the practices of an emerging digitalised classroom and how teachers and students make use of these. Observations were conducted over the course of one semester in three subjects in a Swedish class of 13–14-year olds using individual tablets. The findings presented as thick descriptions suggest that different kinds of opportunities to develop critical literacy evolve in various activities and digital technologies become a resource in students’ work. However, these opportunities mainly occur in peer interactions outside the visible control of the teacher and never develop into further critical reflections. The study concludes that a deliberate emphasis on critical literacy work in the design of tasks, especially those that include digital technologies, creates opportunities for students to develop competences that support them in becoming confident users and producers of contemporary texts.
Adaptive turbulence compensation for aircraft flight control

In this paper, a set of adaptive turbulence compensation techniques are investigated for aircraft flight control systems with different control gain matrices A(x), for which the multivariable adaptive disturbance rejection problems are formulated: one is for a nonsingular A(x), and one is for a singular A(x). Two unmatched disturbance rejection control design problems are addressed for the proposed aircraft turbulence compensation study: one with static feedback linearization under a direct control relative degree condition, and one with dynamic feedback linearization under an input extension control relative degree condition. For each problem, both nominal and adaptive turbulence compensation designs are developed for aircraft systems with known parameters and with unknown parameters, respectively. A typical aircraft application with turbulence disturbances is studied by a specific simulation study.
Influence of Forest Therapy on Cardiovascular Relaxation in Young Adults

Background. Despite increasing attention toward forest therapy as an alternative medicine, very little evidence continues to be available on its therapeutic effects. Therefore, this study was focused on elucidating the health benefits of forest walking on cardiovascular reactivity. Methods. Within-group comparisons were used to examine the cardiovascular responses to walking in forest and urban environments. Forty-eight young adult males participated in the two-day field research. Changes in heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured to understand cardiovascular reactivity. Four different questionnaires were used to investigate the changes in psychological states after walking activities. Results. Forest walking significantly increased the values of ln(HF) and significantly decreased the values of ln(LF/HF) compared with the urban walking. Heart rate during forest walking was significantly lower than that in the control. Questionnaire results showed that negative mood states and anxiety levels decreased significantly by forest walking compared with urban walking. Conclusion. Walking in the forest environment may promote cardiovascular relaxation by facilitating the parasympathetic nervous system and by suppressing the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, forest therapy may be effective for reducing negative psychological symptoms.
The Effects of Rhetoric on Experiential Responses to Advertising

Rhetoric, considered for a long time as reserved only for a verbal discourse, is applied to image in advertising. Rhetoric figures act on consumer responses to advertisement. This study proposes to verify, through experimentation, the effect of visual and verbal rhetoric on experiential responses to advertising. We set out to measure the impact of visual and verbal figures within an advertising context on emotions; imagery, immersion, attitude toward the ad and attitude toward the brand. The moderating role of involvement is also tested. We report an experiment that isolates the effect of figures, which is applied to picture and text. Results suggest that using figures can significantly enhance the effectiveness of a print advertising. Rhetorical figures have a positive effect on emotions, immersion and attitude toward the brand. Attitude toward the ad, mental imagery are partially influenced by figures. Visual figures have a better effect on emotions. Verbal figures led to a more favorable attitude toward the ad and attitude toward the brand. Key-words: rhetoric, attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, immersion, mental imagery, emotions.
Phase Field Models versus Parametric Front Tracking Methods: Are they accurate and computationally efficient?

We critically compare the practicality and accuracy of numerical approximations of phase field models and sharp interface models of solidification. Particular emphasis is put on Stefan problems, and their quasi-static variants, with applications to crystal growth. New approaches with a high mesh quality for the parametric approximations of the resulting free boundary problems and new stable discretizations of the anisotropic phase field system are taken into account in a comparison involving benchmark problems based on exact solutions of the free boundary problem.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF VIBRATIONS IN PARKINSON ' S DISEASE :

Voluntary muscular activation is disturbed in both neurological disorders and orthopaedic injuries. Methods that enable bypassing this activation circle are of fundamental importance in order to set functional training stimuli. Besides electrical stimulation and robot supported gait the app'lication of vibration has become an alternative and complemental treatment method in rehabilitation. The most findings of physiological and motor control, effects of vibratory stimuli result from studies in sport science and basic neurophysiological research. Transferring the effects found in healthy subjects to the different areas of application in rehabilitation seems not possible in a linear way. This paper summarizes the different findings and discusses transfer possibilities and problems.
Current Patterns and Predictive Trends of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Wastewater

Enteric fever has persistence of great impact in public health. It is caused by Salmonella enteric that is seldom detected in wastewaters due to the treatment processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the recent state of antibiotics susceptibility of Salmonella typhi with special concern to multidrug resistance strains and predict the emergence of new resistant patterns. Predictions of resistance emergence were done using logistic regression and forecasting linear equations. A total of 12 S. typhi isolated strain were recovered from 128 samples of wastewater; they resisted antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin. Current patterns of ciprofloxacin breakpoints interpretations were in susceptible ranges by disc diffusion (S ≥ 20 mm); minimum inhibitory concentration was recorded as (I =16 μg/ml) and minimum bactericidal concentration= (R≥32 μg/ml). The probability of an isolate to develop resistance was plotted for MBCs, the rate of resistance solved by (y = 0.0235x 0.0411). The predictive patterns of resistance were spontaneously solved using the exponential trend (y = n ex) for each isolate at 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively of ciprofloxacin in certain period and the high values of coefficient R2 > 0.5 indicated the rates of bacteria resistance incidence.
Detection of Celiac Disease in Primary Care: A Multicenter Case-Finding Study in North America

BACKGROUND:Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common lifelong disorders in western countries. However, most cases remain currently undiagnosed in North America, mostly due to poor awareness of CD by primary care physicians.OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were (a) to determine whether an active case-finding strategy in primary care could increase the frequency of CD diagnosis and (b) to determine the most common clinical presentations of the condition.METHODS:This was a multicenter, prospective study involving adult subjects during the years 2002–2004, attending one of the participating practices. All individuals with symptoms or conditions known to be associated with CD were tested for immunoglobulin A anti-transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies, and those with elevated anti-tTG were subsequently tested for IgA antiendomysial antibodies (EMA). All subjects who were positive for EMA were advised to undergo an intestinal biopsy and HLA typing.RESULTS:The study group included 737 women and 239 men, with a median age of 54.3 yr. A positive anti-tTG test was found in 30 out of 976 investigated subjects (3.07%, 95% CI 1.98–4.16). CD was diagnosed in 22 patients (18 women, 4 men). The most frequent reasons for CD screening in these 22 cases were bloating (12/22), thyroid disease (11/22), irritable bowel syndrome (7/22), unexplained chronic diarrhea (6/22), chronic fatigue (5/22), and constipation (4/22). The prevalence of CD in the serologically screened sample was 2.25% (95% CI 1.32–3.18). The diagnostic rate was low at baseline (0.27 cases per thousand visits, 95% CI 0.13–0.41) and significantly increased to 11.6 per thousand visits (95% CI 6.8–16.4, P < 0.001) following active screening implementation.CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that an active case-finding strategy in the primary care setting is an effective means to improve the diagnostic rate of CD in North America.
Weak Evidence of Regeneration Habitat but Strong Evidence of Regeneration Niche for a Leguminous Shrub

The identification of an ecological niche specific to the regeneration phase has mobilised significant attention. However, the importance of the regeneration niche concept remains unclear. Our main objective was to study the existence of such a regeneration niche for a leguminous shrub, Ulex europaeus. This study was carried out in southwest France in the context of water and nutrient stresses (mainly phosphorus limitation) due to the presence of nutrient-poor sandy soils. We analysed the regeneration of the species from the germination of seeds and emergence of new seedlings until the seedlings reached young shrub size. Our design included a P fertilisation treatment. We also investigated microsite characteristics (micro-topography and vegetation development) as they can interact with meteorological conditions and determine water availability for seeds and seedlings. We found that P availability controlled seedling growth and the time necessary to reach young shrub size. Water availability appeared to impact the species germination and seedlings survival. We also found that P and water availability depended on the interactions between microsite characteristics and climatic variations. Finally we found evidence that P and water availability are important ecological factors shaping the regeneration niche of the species, but we found weak evidence that any microsite would be appropriate for the regeneration of the species in the long term. Future studies regarding regeneration niches need to distinguish more clearly the ecological factors important for regeneration (the regeneration niche per se) and the physical world where the seedlings appear and develop (the regeneration habitat).
The perceived effectiveness of agricultural technology transfer methods: Evidence from rice farmers in Northern Ghana

Abstract This study examined the effectiveness of various agricultural technology transfer methods using primary data collected from 543 rice farmers in the Northern and Upper East regions of Ghana. We employed descriptive statistics supported by Kendall’s W-test and chi-squared distribution test to identify and assess various agricultural technology transfer methods and their perceived effectiveness. In the order of importance, we found farmer-to-farmer approach, technology demonstration fields, household extension, and radio as the main agricultural extension methods in use in the study area. We found a significantly low patronage of the mass media and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) mechanisms such as video, mobile phone, posters, drama, and newspapers for communicating information to rice farmers. Demonstration, farmer-to-farmer, and household extension methods were perceived as the most effective agricultural extension methods. We recommend among others, that Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Ghana should be empowered to train farmers through both conventional (i.e. demonstration fields), and technology-led approaches using ICT and mass media such as video, mobile phones, and radio, since these methods have been found to be cost effective with significant impact on agricultural technology adoption decisions of farmers.
Licorice β-amyrin 11-oxidase, a cytochrome P450 with a key role in the biosynthesis of the triterpene sweetener glycyrrhizin

Glycyrrhizin, a major bioactive compound derived from the underground parts of Glycyrrhiza (licorice) plants, is a triterpene saponin that possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties and is used worldwide as a natural sweetener. Because of its economic value, the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin has received considerable attention. Glycyrrhizin is most likely derived from the triterpene β-amyrin, an initial product of the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene. The subsequent steps in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis are believed to involve a series of oxidative reactions at the C-11 and C-30 positions, followed by glycosyl transfers to the C-3 hydroxyl group; however, no genes encoding relevant oxidases or glycosyltransferases have been identified. Here we report the successful identification of CYP88D6, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) gene, as a glycyrrhizin-biosynthetic gene, by transcript profiling-based selection from a collection of licorice expressed sequence tags (ESTs). CYP88D6 was characterized by in vitro enzymatic activity assays and shown to catalyze the sequential two-step oxidation of β-amyrin at C-11 to produce 11-oxo-β-amyrin, a possible biosynthetic intermediate between β-amyrin and glycyrrhizin. CYP88D6 coexpressed with β-amyrin synthase in yeast also catalyzed in vivo oxidation of β-amyrin to 11-oxo-β-amyrin. CYP88D6 expression was detected in the roots and stolons by RT-PCR; however, no amplification was observed in the leaves or stems, which is consistent with the accumulation pattern of glycyrrhizin in planta. These results suggest a role for CYP88D6 as a β-amyrin 11-oxidase in the glycyrrhizin pathway.
REAL ESTATE MARKET OF A BRAZILIAN METROPOLIS: SUSTAINED GROWTH OR SPECULATIVE BUBBLE?

Purpose: To analyze the real estate sector of a Brazilian metropolis in the recent period of great valuation of the asset in the country and to investigate if there are signs of a speculative bubble in this market. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This article presents a version of the Case-Shiller Index, which describes the evolution of the relationship between house prices and rental prices and uses models in order to identify if the rise in property prices rests on good economic fundamentals. Key methodological aspects: The approach is quantitative and involves the construction of the price-rent index, unit root test with an instrument that allows structural break with trend (Innovation Outlier Model) and analysis of cointegration using estimates of a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Summary of the results: The results do not favor the interpretation that the real estate market rests on solid economic fundamentals. On the contrary, the evolution of the price-rent index and the lack of causal relationship of rents to prices towards long-term equilibrium are suggestive of the existence of a speculative bubble. Key considerations/conclusions: The results support authors who are critical to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and suggest that the relative increase in property prices stems only from the belief that their selling price will be higher in the future. It is therefore foreseeable a decrease of real prices of housings, with equity losses for the participants in that market.
Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Aim The aim of this study was to systemically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods A computerized search of randomized controlled trials for CIK cell-based therapy was performed. The overall survival, clinical response rate, immunological assessment and side effects were evaluated. Results Overall, 17 randomized controlled trials of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a total of 1172 patients were included in the present analysis. Our study showed that the CIK cell therapy significantly improved the objective response rate and overall survival compared to the non-CIK cell-treated group. After CIK combined therapy, we observed substantially increased percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ and NK cells, whereas significant decreases were noted in the percentage of CD8+ and regulatory T cell (Treg) subgroups. A significant increase in Ag-NORs was observed in the CIK-treated patient group (p = 0.00001), whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was more likely to be reduced to a normal level after CIK treatment (p = 0.0008). Of the possible major side effects, only the incidence of fever in the CIK group was significantly higher compared to the group that received chemotherapy alone. Conclusion The CIK cell combined therapy demonstrated significant superiority in the overall survival, clinical response rate, and T lymphocytes responses and did not present any evidence of major adverse events in patients with NSCLC.
Blocking of Pavlovian Conditioning in Humans

Abstract Despite the many demonstrations of blocking in animals, there is still little evidence of blocking with human subjects, which is problematic for general learning and behavior theory. The purpose of this research was to examine blocking with human subjects using a design and behavioral procedure (conditioned suppression) similar to those commonly used in animal research. First, subjects learned an operant task. Later, they were instructed to suppress responding when a visual US was presented. Two Pavlovian acquisition phases and a test phase occurred while the subjects were performing the operant task. In the first Pavlovian phase, CS A predicted the US for the experimental group, but was uncorrelated with the US for the control group. In the second Pavlovian phase, a compound CS AX predicted the US for both groups. At test, CS X was presented to all subjects and suppression ratios were assessed. Experimental subjects suppressed responding in the presence of CS X less than did control subjects, thereby demonstrating a blocking effect. This research, in demonstrating blocking in humans, adds to the known similarities in animal and human behavior.
Epicardial Adiposity in Children with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: Obesity increases cardiac diseases by increasing tendency to atherosclerosis. Our aim was to define epicardial adipose tissue thickness, and its related factors in obese children. Methods: Total of 94 patients were divided into obesity with metabolic syndrome (MS) (n=30), obesity without MS (n=33), and control (n=31) groups. Auxological values with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, alanine transaminase, serum lipid levels, and high sensitive C-reactive protein levels were evaluated. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness, interventricular septum thickness and left ventricular mass were measured by echocardiography. Findings: Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, insulin, alanine transaminase, and high sensitive C-reactive protein values were markedly higher in obesity group when compared with controls (P<0.001). Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was 0.64±0.23 cm in obesity with MS; 0.60±0.20 cm in obesity without MS, and 0.27±0.12 cm in control group (P<0.001). Interventricular septum thickness and left ventricular mass values were markedly high in obesity without MS group (P<0.001 and P=0.002). Conclusion: Our study has indicated that obesity has unfavorable effects on heart starting in the adolescence.
he influence of leaf age on methylxanthines , total phenolic content , nd free radical scavenging capacity of Ilex paraguariensis aqueous xtracts arlos

Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil., Aquifoliaceae) is a South American native species that is widely used for its industrial potential in the preparation of drinks, teas and cosmetics. Its properties are directly related to the presence of its chemical constituents, such as saponins, methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the influence of leaf age on methylxanthine and total phenolic contents by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, as well as on free radical scavenging capacity, of aqueous extracts of I. paraguariensis leaves. The results showed great ethylxanthines henolics geing cavenging variability in all the metabolites measured. Leaf ageing significantly increased the methylxanthine content and total phenolic content of the extracts. Free radical scavenging capacity was also significantly affected (p < 0.05) by leaf age. A positive correlation was observed, between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
4440 Social Identity and Redistributive Preferences : A Survey

Social identity has become accepted as a key concept underpinning the endogeneity of economic behaviour and preferences. It is important in explaining attitudes towards redistribution and pro-social behaviour. We examine how economic theory measures social identity and its effects on preferences towards redistribution, social solidarity and redistributive institutions. Empirical evidence indicates that social identity carries weight in explaining the presence of social preferences and attitudes towards redistributive institutions. JEL-Code: H100, I300.