Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training

Protein ingestion following resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates, and enhances the skeletal muscle adaptive response to prolonged resistance-type exercise training. As the adaptive response to a single bout of resistance exercise extends well beyond the first couple of hours of post-exercise recovery, recent studies have begun to investigate the impact of the timing and distribution of protein ingestion during more prolonged recovery periods. Recent work has shown that overnight muscle protein synthesis rates are restricted by the level of amino acid availability. Protein ingested prior to sleep is effectively digested and absorbed, and thereby stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery. When applied during a prolonged period of resistance-type exercise training, protein supplementation prior to sleep can further augment gains in muscle mass and strength. Recent studies investigating the impact of pre-sleep protein ingestion suggest that at least 40 g of protein is required to display a robust increase in muscle protein synthesis rates throughout overnight sleep. Furthermore, prior exercise allows more of the pre-sleep protein-derived amino acids to be utilized for de novo muscle protein synthesis during sleep. In short, pre-sleep protein ingestion represents an effective dietary strategy to improve overnight muscle protein synthesis, thereby improving the skeletal muscle adaptive response to exercise training.
The trans-Golgi SNARE syntaxin 10 is required for optimal development of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular pathogen, grows inside of a vacuole, termed the inclusion. Within the inclusion, the organisms differentiate from the infectious elementary body (EB) into the reticulate body (RB). The RB communicates with the host cell through the inclusion membrane to obtain the nutrients necessary to divide, thus expanding the chlamydial population. At late time points within the developmental cycle, the RBs respond to unknown molecular signals to redifferentiate into infectious EBs to perpetuate the infection cycle. One strategy for Chlamydia to obtain necessary nutrients and metabolites from the host is to intercept host vesicular trafficking pathways. In this study we demonstrate that a trans-Golgi soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein (SNARE), syntaxin 10, and/or syntaxin 10-associated Golgi elements colocalize with the chlamydial inclusion. We hypothesized that Chlamydia utilizes the molecular machinery of syntaxin 10 at the inclusion membrane to intercept specific vesicular trafficking pathways in order to create and maintain an optimal intra-inclusion environment. To test this hypothesis, we used siRNA knockdown of syntaxin 10 to examine the impact of the loss of syntaxin 10 on chlamydial growth and development. Our results demonstrate that loss of syntaxin 10 leads to defects in normal chlamydial maturation including: variable inclusion size with fewer chlamydial organisms per inclusion, fewer infectious progeny, and delayed or halted RB-EB differentiation. These defects in chlamydial development correlate with an overabundance of NBD-lipid retained by inclusions cultured in syntaxin 10 knockdown cells. Overall, loss of syntaxin 10 at the inclusion membrane negatively affects Chlamydia. Understanding host machinery involved in maintaining an optimal inclusion environment to support chlamydial growth and development is critical toward understanding the molecular signals involved in successful progression through the chlamydial developmental cycle.
A STUDY ON PASSING - OVERTAKING CHARACTERISTICS AND LEVEL OF SERVICE OF HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC FLOW

Abstract: Abstract: A model of passing-overtaking maneuvers in terms of total traffic volume and percent of rickshaws is presented in this paper; the model is applicable to undivided urban streets with relatively high proportion of rickshaws. Effects of non-motorized rickshaws on passing-overtaking are also presented. The results suggest that rickshaws have an adverse effect on the passing-overtaking maneuvers. This paper has also attempted to provide a classification of Level of Service (LOS) for heterogeneous traffic composition in urban areas. In this study LOS are firstly defined in six standard groups, such as levels A, B, C, D, E, and F. The operating characteristics considered to define the level of service are: total number of passings -over takings (no/hr/20m) and average speed of passenger cars (km/hr). Based on the observed data the levels of service are classified into four groups from the road users point of view, namely LOS I (Free-flow condition), LOS II (Partial-constraint flow condition), LOS III (Constraint flow condition), and LOS IV (Congested-flow condition). Level of service classification evolved in this study will help to identify deficiencies of an urban streets system and to plan for alternative improvement measures to attain a desired level of service.
Differential Equations for Roaming Pseudospectra: Paths to Extremal Points and Boundary Tracking

When studying the $\varepsilon$-pseudospectrum of a matrix, one is often interested in computing the extremal points having maximum real part or modulus. This is a crucial step, for example, when computing the distance to instability of a stable system. Using the property that the pseudospectrum is determined via perturbations by rank-1 matrices, we derive differential equations on the manifold of normalized rank-1 matrices whose solutions tend to the critical rank-1 perturbations associated with the extremal points of (locally) maximum real part and modulus. This approach also allows us to track the boundary contour of the pseudospectrum in a neighborhood of the extremal points. The technique we propose is related to an idea recently developed by Guglielmi and Overton, who derived discrete dynamical systems instead of the continuous ones we present. The method turns out to be fast in comparison with those previously proposed in the literature and appears to be promising in dealing with large sparse problems.
A comparative study of three methods for detecting Fasciola infections in Nigerian cattle

AdedOkuN, O. A. , A. B. AyiNmOde, B. O. F AgBemi: A comparative study of three methods for detecting Fasciola infections in Nigerian cattle. Vet. arhiv 78, 411- 416, 2008. ABstrAct Qualitative examination of Fasciola gigantica eggs in faeces and bile were compared with the detection of precipitating antibodies in sera by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) in 1000 cattle slaughtered at the Bodija municipal abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. Faecal and bile examination methods detected (196) 33.5% and (389) 38.9% of the animals as positive for fasciolosis, while (474) 47.4% were positive by AGPT. Both direct bile examination and faecal egg detection methods have high specificity and positive predictive value (100%) when compared with AGPT. However, lower values for sensitivity and negative predictive value were observed for both faecal egg examination (66.5% and 67.9% respectively) and bile examination (81.0% and 78.9% respectively). Fecal and bile examination failed to detect 33.5% and 19.0% of the cases detected by AGPT. The results of this study revealed that the AGPT could become a better test for the herd diagnosis of bovine fasciolosis for veterinarians and other investigators in Nigeria.
Metformin Synergistically Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Esophageal Squamous Cancer Cells under Glucose-Deprivation Conditions

Previous studies suggest that metformin may exert a protective effect on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells, and this finding has led to a caution for considering metformin use in the treatment of cancer patients. However, in this paper we provide the first demonstration that metformin synergistically augments cisplatin cytotoxicity in the esophageal squamous cancer cell line, ECA109, under glucose-deprivation conditions, which may be more representative of the microenvironment within solid tumors; this effect is very different from the previously reported cytoprotective effect of metformin against cisplatin in commonly used high glucose incubation medium. The potential mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of metformin on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity under glucose-deprivation conditions may include enhancement of metformin-associated cytotoxicity, marked reduction in the cellular ATP levels, deregulation of the AKT and AMPK signaling pathways, and impaired DNA repair function.
Inequality, education and growth in Malaysia

This thesis explores some of the associations between income inequality, education and economic growth. In addition, the thesis also explores the effects of democracy and regime duration on growth. The analysis is conducted at three levels: for Malaysia as a nation using time series data, for a panel of Malaysian states and for a panel of Southeast Asian countries. The main empirical tools applied are metaregression analysis and panel data econometrics. Specifically, the thesis explores the following associations: (i) the effect of education on inequality; (ii) the effect of economic development and economic growth on inequality; (iii) the effect of education on growth; (iv) the effect of inequality on growth; (v) the effect of democracy on growth; and (vi) the effect of regime duration on growth.
‘If we want, they help us in any way’: how ‘unaccompanied refugee minors’ experience mentoring relationships

ABSTRACT Little is known about the growing phenomenon of ‘mentorship for “unaccompanied refugee minors”’. This article looks into one serious gap, based on a case study in Austria, asking: How do these young people, most of them seeking asylum, represent relationships in a mentorship programme? Here, youth mentoring is understood as a community-based form of social intervention carried out by an organisation that connects trained adult volunteers with young people. The findings from two multilingual group interviews focus on various dimensions of social support and social capital, e.g. with regard to settling in and life course transitions. Reacting to calls for methodological reflection in studies on the refugee experience, the article presents in detail the setting and approach, which partly built on the concept of the ‘tripled Otherness of “unaccompanied minors”’. An analysis of their narrations is discussed against the wider context, particularly that of systematic discrimination by welfare agencies and efforts by various actors to rearrange URMs’ differential inclusion. The conclusion proposes that research should better reflect the political dimension in mentoring for marginalised populations. It argues that the potential of such programmes should be tapped to develop progressive protection arrangements extending beyond the limits of the welfarist nation state.
Social anxiety under load: the effects of perceptual load in processing emotional faces

Previous studies in the social anxiety arena have shown an impaired attentional control system, similar to that found in trait anxiety. However, the effect of task demands on social anxiety in socially threatening stimuli, such as angry faces, remains unseen. In the present study, 54 university students scoring high and low in the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale (SIPAAS) questionnaire, participated in a target letter discrimination task while task-irrelevant face stimuli (angry, disgust, happy, and neutral) were simultaneously presented. The results showed that high (compared to low) socially anxious individuals were more prone to distraction by task-irrelevant stimuli, particularly under high perceptual load conditions. More importantly, for such individuals, the accuracy proportions for angry faces significantly differed between the low and high perceptual load conditions, which is discussed in light of current evolutionary models of social anxiety.
Assessing the effect of the time since transition to organic farming on plants and butterflies

Summary 1. Environmental changes may not always result in rapid changes in species distributions, abundances or diversity. In order to estimate the effects of, for example, land‐use changes caused by agri‐environment schemes (AES) on biodiversity and ecosystem services, information on the time‐lag between the application of the scheme and the responses of organisms is essential. 2. We examined the effects of time since transition (TST) to organic farming on plant species richness and butterfly species richness and abundance. Surveys were conducted in cereal fields and adjacent field margins on 60 farms, 20 conventional and 40 organic, in two regions in Sweden. The organic farms were transferred from conventional management between 1 and 25 years before the survey took place. The farms were selected along a gradient of landscape complexity, indicated by the proportion of arable land, so that farms with similar TST were represented in all landscape types. Organism responses were assessed using model averaging. 3. Plant and butterfly species richness was c. 20% higher on organic farms and butterfly abundance was about 60% higher, compared with conventional farms. Time since transition affected butterfly abundance gradually over the 25‐year period, resulting in a 100% increase. In contrast, no TST effect on plant or butterfly species richness was found, indicating that the main effect took place immediately after the transition to organic farming. 4. Increasing landscape complexity had a positive effect on butterfly species richness, but not on butterfly abundance or plant species richness. There was no indication that the speed of response to organic farming was affected by landscape complexity. 5. Synthesis and applications. The effect of organic farming on diversity was rapid for plant and butterfly species richness, whereas butterfly abundance increased gradually with time since transition. If time‐lags in responses to AESs turn out to be common, long‐term effects would need to be included in management recommendations and policy to capture the full potential of such schemes.
The Role of Compassion for Self and Others, Compassion Fatigue and Subjective Happiness on Levels of Well-Being of Mental Health Professionals

This study aimed to explore the role of compassion for self and others, compassion fatigue and subjective happiness on levels of well-being of mental health professionals as well as to contribute new knowledge by investigating whether and to what extent subjective happiness of therapists can be predicted. A sample population of the online survey comprised 58 mental health professionals living and working in Greece-Athens and the method of recruitment was by opportunity sampling. This particular study employed a series of two-tailed Pearson r correlation analyses as well as independent samples t-test and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis for the analysis of the data. The results that revealed through the four different questionnaires (Self-Compassion Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Compassion-for-Others-Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale) showed that self-compassion has a protective function for the therapists. It enhances their subjective happiness, which in turn protects mental health and professional quality of life of therapists by reducing the negative effects of compassion fatigue. These findings highlight the importance of self-compassion, compassion for others and subjective happiness among therapists, as they are correlated with compassion fatigue.
Is video gaming, or video game addiction, associated with depression, academic achievement, heavy episodic drinking, or conduct problems?

Background and aims: While the relationships between video game use and negative consequences are debated, the relationships between video game addiction and negative consequences are fairly well established. However, previous studies suffer from methodological weaknesses that may have caused biased results. There is need for further investigation that benefits from the use of methods that avoid omitted variable bias. Methods: Two wave panel data was used from two surveys of 1,928 Norwegian adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. The surveys included measures of video game use, video game addiction, depression, heavy episodic drinking, academic achievement, and conduct problems. The data was analyzed using first-differencing, a regression method that is unbiased by time invariant individual factors. Results: Video game addiction was related to depression, lower academic achievement, and conduct problems, but time spent on video games was not related to any of the studied negative outcomes. Discussion: The findings were in line with a growing number of studies that have failed to find relationships between time spent on video games and negative outcomes. The current study is also consistent with previous studies in that video game addiction was related to other negative outcomes, but it made the added contribution that the relationships are unbiased by time invariant individual effects. However, future research should aim at establishing the temporal order of the supposed causal effects. Conclusions: Spending time playing video games does not involve negative consequences, but adolescents who experience problems related to video games are likely to also experience problems in other facets of life.
Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonist Induced β-Amyloid Production in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells via a cAMP Dependent Pathway

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of senile dementia in today's society. Its debilitating symptoms are manifested by disturbances in many important brain functions, which are influenced by adenosine. Hence, adenosinergic system is considered as a potential therapeutic target in AD treatment. In the present study, we found that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor, 100 µM) attenuated HENECA (a selective A2A receptor agonist, 10–200 nM) induced β-amyloid (1–42) (Aβ42) production in SH-SY5Y cells. NaHS also interfered with HENECA-stimulated production and post-translational modification of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by inhibiting its maturation. Measurement of the C-terminal APP fragments generated from its enzymatic cleavage by β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) showed that NaHS did not have any significant effect on β-secretase activity. However, the direct measurements of HENECA-elevated γ-secretase activity and mRNA expressions of presenilins suggested that the suppression of Aβ42 production in NaHS pretreated cells was mediated by inhibiting γ-secretase. NaHS induced reductions were accompanied by similar decreases in intracellular cAMP levels and phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). NaHS significantly reduced the elevated cAMP and Aβ42 production caused by forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase, AC agonist) alone or forskolin in combination with IBMX (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor), but had no effect on those caused by IBMX alone. Moreover, pretreatment with NaHS significantly attenuated HENECA-elevated AC activity and mRNA expressions of various AC isoforms. These data suggest that NaHS may preferentially suppress AC activity when it was stimulated. In conclusion, H2S attenuated HENECA induced Aβ42 production in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through inhibiting γ-secretase via a cAMP dependent pathway.
Examining the Process of Identification in the Mathematics Classroom and the Role of Students’ Academic Communities

The primary purpose of this research was to provide insight into the identities students develop as they interact in a high school mathematics classroom. A normative divide developed which eventually split the classroom into two distinct academic factions: those who resisted the emerging local definition of what it meant to do mathematics and those who did not resist (i.e. complied or identified). A secondary purpose of this research was to understand the role of students’ academic communities in mathematics identity development. Student narratives helped uncover mathematical spaces outside the classroom that each developed their own unique definition of what it meant to do mathematics (i.e. normative identity). As a result, these spaces provided students with additional opportunities to identify with mathematics. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed, along with future possible lines of research.
Implementation of Fixed-Length Template Protection Based on Homomorphic Encryption with Application to Signature Biometrics

Given the high sensitivity of biometric data, any information leakage poses severe security and privacy risks. This fact raises the need to protect biometric templates so that no information can be learned from them, preserving at the same time the unprotected system's performance and speed. We propose a new effcient biometric template protection scheme based on homomorphic probabilistic encryption for fixed-length templates, where only encrypted data is handled. Under a fully reproducible experimental framework, we analyse different distance measures for the particular case of on-line signature, showing that all requirements described in the ISO/IEC 24745 standard on biometric information protection are met with no performance degradation and at a low computational cost. Further-more, the proposed approach is robust to hill-climbing and inverse-biometrics attacks.
Sport for Development Organizations: An Analysis of Stakeholder Dynamics

Sport for Development (SFD) uses the power of sport to support international development initiatives that affect social change and empower under-resourced communities (Levermore, 2008a). Currently, there are more than 1,000 SFD organizations globally (Doyle, Payne, & Wolff, 2011) working to enact change and development initiatives in the least developed regions of the world. Stakeholders are key components of the long-term sustainability, development, and success of these SFD organizations. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between SFD organizations and their stakeholders through the lens of social responsibility (SR). Through the analysis of interviews conducted with SFD leaders and their stakeholders, this research offers a modified version of Carroll’s (1979) four categories of SR. This modified version addresses the differences that exist with SFD stakeholder relationships from the perspectives of the organizations and their stakeholders. Further, broader implications will be discussed in terms of compatibility and long-term sustainability. SFD AND STAKEHOLDER MOTIVES v Table of
Numerical Challenges for Resolving Spike Dynamics for Two One‐Dimensional Reaction‐Diffusion Systems

Asymptotic and numerical methods are used to highlight different types of dynamical behaviors that occur for the motion of a localized spike‐type solution to the singularly perturbed Gierer–Meinhardt and Schnakenberg reaction‐diffusion models in a one‐dimensional spatial domain. Depending on the parameter range in these models, there can either be a slow evolution of a spike toward the midpoint of the domain, a sudden oscillatory instability triggered by a Hopf bifurcation leading to an intricate temporal oscillation in the height of the spike, or a pulse‐splitting instability leading to the creation of new spikes in the domain. Criteria for the onset of these oscillatory and pulse‐splitting instabilities are obtained through asymptotic and numerical techniques. A moving‐mesh numerical method is introduced to compute these different behaviors numerically, and results are compared with corresponding results computed using a method of lines based software package.