Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conducting School-Based Assessments of Child and Adolescent Behavior

Shapiro, Kratochwill, Introduction: Conducting a Multidimensional Behavioral Assessment. Skinner, Rhymer, McDaniel, Naturlaistic Direct Observation in Educational Settings. Hintze, Stoner, Bull, Analogue Assessment: Emotional/Behavioral Problems. McComas, Hoch, Mace, Functional Analysis. Cole, Marder, McCann, Self- Monitoring. Eckert, Dunn, Codding, Guiney, Self-Report: Rating Scale Measures. McConaughy, Self-Report: Child Clinical Interviews. Merrell, Informant Report: Rating Scale Measures. Busse, Beaver, Informant Report: Parent and Teacher Interviews. Castillo, Quintana, Zamarripa, Cultural and Linguistic Issues.
Pharmacodynamics of the long-duration response to levodopa in PD

Objective: To determine the latency, magnitude, and duration of the long-duration response (LDR) to levodopa in PD in relationship to the administration of levodopa at different interdose intervals. Methods: In six patients with PD, two different 15-day treatment regimens were used in which the drug was administered with interdose intervals of 24 or 8 hours. Results: The LDR built up within a few days with either regimen, but a faster rate of administering levodopa shortened the latency to the appearance of a sustained LDR. Once a sustained response had been reached, the magnitude of the LDR showed a stable ceiling effect that was independent of the levodopa schedule. After discontinuation of treatment, the decay of the LDR was similar for both regimens. Conclusions: The system underlying the LDR to levodopa may be completely saturated when a sustained response has been fully developed. The intervals between doses of levodopa shorter than the interval effective to reach a sustained LDR should not be used in the clinical management of patients with PD because the antiparkinsonian benefit deriving from the LDR is already maximal and briefer intervals do not provide a greater benefit.
K‐8th grade Korean students' conceptions of ‘changes of state’ and ‘conditions for changes of state’

This study investigates the various conceptions held by K‐8th Korean grade students regarding the ‘changes of state’ and the ‘conditions for changes of state’. The study used a sample of five kindergarteners, five secondgrade students, five fourth‐grade students, five sixth‐grade students, and five eighth‐grade students. The 25 students attend schools in a rural district of South Korea. Some activities that involved a change in the state of water, including condensation, solidification, and melting, were chosen from K‐8th grade science textbooks and attempted by the students. Subsequently, we conducted interviews with the students. While most kindergarteners and second‐grade students were able to perceive the phenomena involving changes of state, they were unable to express conceptions related to the changes of state and the conditions under which the state the changes. The upper‐grade students, on the other hand, had some conception of the invisible gas state. Most of these students held conceptions about the boiling water's change of state from liquid to gas, but few of them held conceptions about the changes of state involving condensation. Most students understood heat and temperature as conditions of the changes of state, but only applied the heat concept to situations involving rising temperatures. In situations involving cooling, students applied the temperature concept. The younger students understood the concept of heat without understanding the concept of temperature.
Factor Analysis of the Minnesota Infant Development Inventory Based on a Hispanic Migrant Population

The Minnesota Infant Development Inventory (MIDI), a parental report instrument, was completed for 168 Hispanic migrant workers’infants ranging in age from 1 to 15 months. This study analyzed MIDI scores to determine the extent to which it measures the five domains postulated by its authors. Principal axis analysis with varimax and orthotran rotations was used to obtain pattern coefficients. The scree test and a parallel analysis were used to estimate the proper numbers of factors to extract. Three solutions were presented: (a) a one-factor solution, as indicated by the parallel analysis; (b) a three-factor solution, as indicated by the scree test; and (c) a five-factor solution, as recommended by MIDI’s authors. Based on several considerations (e.g., lack of empirical support for the MIDI five domain scores, parsimony, and ease of use), the one-factor solution was judged best for infants from Hispanic migrant families until future research supports other practices.
Police Use of Force and Officer Injuries

The widespread adoption of conducted energy devices (CEDs) across American police departments over the last decade has been mired in public controversy. It is generally accepted, from a police perspective, that CEDs are safer for officers who can use the weapon at a greater distance, avoiding much of the harm associated with close physical struggles with citizens. Research has generally supported the notion that aggregate levels of officer injuries are reduced following the implementation of CEDs. Unfortunately, multivariate examinations that, in varying degrees, have attempted to compare CED applications to other forms of force (while controlling for rival causal factors) have yet to produce the same consistent results as the pre- and post-CED adoption studies. The current research adds to recent multivariate inquiries by using data collected as part of a national multiagency use of force project to assess the independent effect of CEDs on officer injuries. Based on a series of multivariate models, our results generally find evidence of increased benefits (i.e., lower probability of officer injury) of CEDs when used by themselves. By contrast, in some instances when CEDs were used in combination with other forms of force, there was an increased probability of officer injury. The implications of these findings for police researchers and practitioners are considered.
Emotional Labor and Performance in the Field of Child Life: Initial Model Exploration and Implications for Practice

The need to suppress emotion and sustain outward expressions in pediatric health care facilities can be overwhelming for employees, leading to low job performance and high turnover. This is particularly true within the field of child life. Notwithstanding, retention and performance of health care professionals have emerged as national agenda items, and hospital administrators are routinely asked to increase performance, reduce turnover, and increase patient-care quality. Although human health care professionals are asked to support these initiatives, few evidence-based models are available to guide intervention. This correlational study (N = 241) examined links among organizational-level climate variables, turnover-related attitudes, and emotional labor in the field of child life. Hypotheses were tested through correlational and hierarchical regression analytic procedures. Contributions to practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Commuting Contractive Operators

We proved that a finite commuting Boyd-Wong type contractive family with equicontinuous words have the approximate common fixed point property. We also proved that given X Ă R, compact and convex subset, F : X Ñ X a compact-and-convex valued Lipschitz correspondence and g an isometry on X, then gF “ F g implies F admits a Lipschitz selection commuting with g.
Two Approaches to Social Structure: Exchange Theory and Network Analysis

Much convergence exists between exchange theory and network approaches to social structure. Starting with the work of Emerson, exchange theory increasingly has considered social structure explicitly, as both product and constraint. Exchange theory and network analysis both conceptualize social structure as a configuration of social relations and positions, i. e. as a set of actors diversely linked into networks. Exchange theory and most work in network analysis are based on similar conceptions of the actor. Where exchange theory and network analysis differ is in their view of the links between positions. Exchange theory stresses the exchange aspects of all ties and contends that the appropriate network in any analysis is one that contains all relevant exchange relations. Network analysis tends to be more catholic about the nature of the links.
Structure and magnetism of epitaxially strained Pd(001) films on Fe(001): Experiment and theory.

We present an experimental and theoretical description of the structure and magnetism of epitaxially strained Pd(001) films on Fe(001) and in Fe/Pd/Fe(001) trilayers. The structure is determined by combining reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction. For Fe/Au(001) bilayers and Fe/Pd/Au(001) trilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Ag(001), the Fe and Au layers are well represented by their bulk structure, whereas, thin Pd layers have a face-centered tetragonal structure with an in-plane expansion of 4.2% and an out-of-plane contraction of 7.2% ([ital c]/[ital a]=0.89). Theoretical [ital ab] [ital initio] studies of the interfacial structure indicate that the structural ground state of the epitaxially strained Pd layer is well described by a fct structure which maintains the bulk Pd atomic volume with small deviations at the interface. For Fe/Pd/Fe trilayers, the interlayer coupling oscillates with a period of 4 monolayers (ML) on a ferromagnetic background that crosses to weak antiferromagnetic coupling for thicknesses [gt]12 ML of Pd. Strong ferromagnetic coupling observed below 5 ML of Pd indicates that 2 ML of Pd at each interface are ferromagnetically ordered. Theoretical studies of Fe[sub 3]Pd[sub [ital n]] superlattices (where [ital n] is the number of Pd atomic layers) determine the polarization of themore » Pd layer and the interlayer magnetic coupling to depend strongly on the [ital c]/[ital a] ratio of the Pd layers. Modeling of a Pd layer with a constant-volume fct structure and one monolayer interfacial roughness find that the first 2 ML of the Pd is polarized in close agreement with the experimental results. Polarized neutron reflectivity results on an Fe(5.6 ML)/Pd(7 ML)/Au(20 ML) sample determine the average moment per Fe atom of 2.66[plus minus]0.05[mu][sub [ital B]]. Calculations for the same structure show that this value is consistent with the induced Pd polarization. « less
The Influence of Descriptive and Injunctive Peer Norms on Adolescents' Risky Sexual Online Behavior

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of descriptive and injunctive peer norms on the engagement in risky sexual online behavior. A four-wave longitudinal study among a representative sample of 1,016 Dutch adolescents (12-17 years old) was conducted. Two autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models were analyzed to investigate the relationship between perceptions of peer norms and risky sexual online behavior. The findings of this study indicate that both, descriptive and injunctive peer norms, predicted adolescents' engagement in risky sexual online behavior. The effect of descriptive peer norms was stronger and more consistent over the four waves. As expected, perceptions of peer norms were predictors, but not consequences, of risky sexual online behavior. The findings suggest that problematic behaviors on the Internet are influenced by perceptions of what peers do, or approve of, in ways similar to offline risk behaviors.
Job Crafting at the Team and Individual Level

Previous research suggests that employee job crafting is positively related to job performance through employee work engagement. The present study expands this individual-level perspective to the team level by hypothesizing that team job crafting relates positively to team performance through team work engagement. In addition, on the basis of social psychological theories about norms, modeling, and emotional contagion in groups, we hypothesize that team job crafting relates to individual performance through (a) individual job crafting and individual work engagement; and (b) team work engagement and individual work engagement. Data was collected among 525 individuals working in 54 teams that provided occupational health services. The results largely supported the hypotheses. Specifically, team job crafting was associated with individual performance via the hypothesized sequential mediation paths. The practical implications of the study are discussed and we conclude that job crafting can be simultaneously used at the team and individual level to improve job performance.
Reduced Complexity LDPC Decoding using Forced Convergence

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have recently emerged as a viable option for forward error correction (FEC) in future wireless communications systems. One factor influencing the decision of whether to use a specific FEC technique in a system is its suitability for real time systems – and hence, its computational complexity. In this paper, we present a novel LDPC decoding architecture, where we use a threshold rule to decide whether a variable node of the LDPC decoder should update its information in subsequent iterations of the decoding process, or be considered as converged. We show that by choosing this threshold appropriately, decoding complexity can be significantly reduced with only negligible deterioration in error correction performance.
Two separate effects contribute to regulatory T cell defect in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and their unaffected relatives

Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are functionally deficient in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), characterized by reduced surface CD25 [the interleukin (IL)‐2 receptor alpha chain]. Low‐dose IL‐2 therapy is a promising current approach to correct this defect. To elucidate the origins of the SLE Treg phenotype, we studied its role through developmentally defined regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets in 45 SLE patients, 103 SLE‐unaffected first‐degree relatives and 61 unrelated healthy control subjects, and genetic association with the CD25‐encoding IL2RA locus. We identified two separate, uncorrelated effects contributing to Treg CD25. (1) SLE patients and unaffected relatives remarkably shared CD25 reduction versus controls, particularly in the developmentally earliest CD4+FoxP3+CD45RO–CD31+ recent thymic emigrant Tregs. This first component effect influenced the proportions of circulating CD4+FoxP3highCD45RO+ activated Tregs. (2) In contrast, patients and unaffected relatives differed sharply in their activated Treg CD25 state: while relatives as control subjects up‐regulated CD25 strongly in these cells during differentiation from naive Tregs, SLE patients specifically failed to do so. This CD25 up‐regulation depended upon IL2RA genetic variation and was related functionally to the proliferation of activated Tregs, but not to their circulating numbers. Both effects were found related to T cell IL‐2 production. Our results point to (1) a heritable, intrathymic mechanism responsible for reduced CD25 on early Tregs and decreased activation capacity in an extended risk population, which can be compensated by (2) functionally independent CD25 up‐regulation upon peripheral Treg activation that is selectively deficient in patients. We expect that Treg‐directed therapies can be monitored more effectively when taking this distinction into account.
Psychological dimensions of global environmental change.

WHAT IS GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE? 270 The Place of P sychology . 271 THE HUMAN CAUSES OF GLOBAL CHANGE. 274 Identifying the Important Proximate Causes. 274 E xpla ining the P ro ximate Causes. 276 Areas o f Psycholog ica l Research . 279 HUMAN CONSEQUENCES OF AND RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE. 287 The Ra ng e of C onsequ ences and Re sp onses. 28 7 Area s of P sychological Re sea rch . 289 MAJOR RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 295
Long-Term Benefit of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Renal Transplantation

The results of clinical trials of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the analysis of numerous data from renal transplant registries have shown that MMF reduces the incidence of early and late rejection (even in the black population), is protective against long-term deterioration of renal function, and reduces late renal allograft loss independently of acute rejection without increasing the risk for malignancies.
Nasal place assimilation and the perceptibility of place contrasts

Abstract Typological studies of place assimilation show that nasal consonants are more likely to assimilate in place than oral stops (Cho, 1990; Jun, 1995, 2004; Mohanan, 1993). Jun (1995, 2004) argues that this typological asymmetry derives from a difference in the perceptibility of the place contrasts in nasal consonants and in oral stops. Since the place contrasts in nasals are perceptually weaker than the place contrasts in oral stops, speakers are more willing to neutralize the former. However, the previous phonetic and psycholinguistic experiments do not provide unambiguous evidence for the weaker perceptibility of the place contrasts in nasal consonants (Hura et al., 1992; Mohr & Wang, 1968; Pols, 1983; Winters, 2002). To offer additional experimental findings bearing on this debate, this paper reports two similarity judgment experiments and two identification experiments in noise, which all show the lower perceptibility of the place contrasts in nasal consonants in coda. The results are compatible with— and thus can lend support to—Jun’s (1995, 2004) idea that the asymmetry in place assimilation may result from a difference in the perceptibility of place contrasts.
Effect of chronologic aging and ultraviolet irradiation on Langerhans cells in human epidermis.

The effect of aging on epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and on their response to a single ultraviolet (UV) exposure was studied in skin biopsy specimens of healthy adults, 4 aged 22-26 yr and 7 aged 62-86 yr. In unirradiated skin, old adults had fewer LC than young adults, 5.8 +/- 1.1 versus 10.0 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- SEM) per 3 mm wide cross-section (p = .015). Following irradiation with 3 times the minimal erythema dose, recognizable LC were absent in all but 2 subjects within 24 hr. However, LC number fell less rapidly in old adults and was almost unchanged at 4 hours (5.8 +/- 1.1 versus 5.0 +/- 1.2), while in young adults LC number decreased from 10.0 +/- 0.8 to 3.3 +/- 1.3 during the same period (p less than .05). Other changes noted in both young and old subjects following irradiation included cytoplasmic vacuolization, frequent apposition of LC to severely damaged keratinocytes, and the finding of LC in the basal layer of the epidermis rather than exclusively suprabasilarly as in control sections. These data demonstrate an age-associated loss of epidermal LC and slowing of LC response to UV irradiation. UV-induced LC changes appear qualitatively similar in young and old adults and include histological evidence of cellular damage, transient association of LC with damaged keratinocytes, and possible migration of LC from the irradiated epidermis within 24 hr.
‘It’s all red ink’: The interpretation of biblical metaphor among Evangelical Christian YouTube users

Among Evangelical Christians on the popular video-sharing site YouTube, the Bible is an important resource for justifying and challenging specific words and actions. Such justifications and challenges provide researchers with an opportunity to study how authoritative text is interpreted in social interaction. To that end, this article presents analysis of a single debate – an episode of what YouTube users call ‘drama’ – around one Evangelical Christian’s controversial use of a passage from the Bible to justify calling others ‘human garbage’. This analysis shows first, that conflicting interpretations and use of the Bible’s moral authority led to the development of ‘drama’ because users evidenced differing beliefs about the development of biblical metaphorical language; and second, that users appropriated the Bible’s words to their own discourse activity through exegesis and metaphor development. This article thus provides both an empirical case study in the interpretation of figurative language and a challenge to the common assumption that Evangelical Christians are committed to a ‘literal’ interpretation of the Bible.
The Hcrc Map Task Corpus

This paper describes a corpus of unscripted, task-oriented dialogues which has been designed, digitally recorded, and transcribed to support the study of spontaneous speech on many levels. The corpus uses the Map Task (Brown, Anderson, Yule, and Shillcock, 1983) in which speakers must collaborate verbally to reproduce on one participant's map a route printed on the other's. In all, the corpus includes four conversations from each of 64 young adults and manipulates the following variables: familiarity of speakers, eye contact between speakers, matching between landmarks on the participants' maps, opportunities for contrastive stress, and phonological characteristics of landmark names. The motivations for the design are set out and basic corpus statistics are presented.
Indonesian teachers’ epistemological beliefs and inclusive education

A growing number of children with intellectual disabilities attend inclusive schools in Indonesia. Previous research has suggested that teachers’ type of school and experience influences their beliefs about inclusive education. This research collected questionnaire data from 267 Indonesian teachers and compared the responses from those working in inclusive, special and regular schools regarding their epistemological and pedagogical beliefs. The results showed that teachers in inclusive schools expressed stronger social constructivist beliefs than those in other schools. However, it was teachers’ epistemological beliefs, rather than their type of school or experience, which were the significant predictor of their beliefs about inclusive education. The findings suggest that international epistemological research needs to have a more nuanced view of constructivist models of learning to better understand and inform how inclusive pedagogy is being enacted in different contexts.
Mechanism of Disruption of the Amt-GlnK Complex by PII-Mediated Sensing of 2-Oxoglutarate

GlnK proteins regulate the active uptake of ammonium by Amt transport proteins by inserting their regulatory T-loops into the transport channels of the Amt trimer and physically blocking substrate passage. They sense the cellular nitrogen status through 2-oxoglutarate, and the energy level of the cell by binding both ATP and ADP with different affinities. The hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus possesses three Amt proteins, each encoded in an operon with a GlnK ortholog. One of these proteins, GlnK2 was recently found to be incapable of binding 2-OG, and in order to understand the implications of this finding we conducted a detailed structural and functional analysis of a second GlnK protein from A. fulgidus, GlnK3. Contrary to Af-GlnK2 this protein was able to bind both ATP/2-OG and ADP to yield inactive and functional states, respectively. Due to the thermostable nature of the protein we could observe the exact positioning of the notoriously flexible T-loops and explain the binding behavior of GlnK proteins to their interaction partner, the Amt proteins. A thermodynamic analysis of these binding events using microcalorimetry evaluated by microstate modeling revealed significant differences in binding cooperativity compared to other characterized P(II) proteins, underlining the diversity and adaptability of this class of regulatory signaling proteins.