Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment on the relationship between Psychological Empowerment and turnover intention

Purpose: Little is known about the mediating role of organizational commitment in relationship between psychological empowerment and turnover intention among nurses. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of organizational commitment between psychological empowerment and turnover intention among nurses in teaching hospitals in Zahedan city in I.R. of Iran. Methods: A correlational study was conducted in 2015 with 286 nurses were selected with simple random sampling method. The data collection instruments included the psychological empowerment scale, organizational commitment scale, turnover intention questionnaire and a demographic inventory. Validity and reliability of the scales were confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Baron and Kenny’s analysis technique was used to test the mediating effect of organizational commitment in the relation between the two other variables. Results: nurses reported high psychological empowerment, high organizational commitment and low turnover intention. Nurses’ empowerment significantly and positively correlated with their organizational commitment and negatively correlated with their turnover intention. Organizational commitment mediated the relationship between psychological empowerment and turnover intention. Conclusions: The relationship between nurses’ empowerment and turnover intention was mediated by organizational commitment. This provides another tool by which nursing management can work to minimize turnover intention through enhancing the commitment level of nurses.
Profile and predictors of service needs for families of children with autism spectrum disorders

Purpose: Increasing demand for autism services is straining service systems. Tailoring services to best meet families’ needs could improve their quality of life and decrease burden on the system. We explored overall, best, and worst met service needs, and predictors of those needs, for families of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods: Parents of 143 children with autism spectrum disorders (2–18 years) completed a survey including demographic and descriptive information, the Family Needs Survey–Revised, and an open-ended question about service needs. Descriptive statistics characterize the sample and determine the degree to which items were identified and met as needs. Predictors of total and unmet needs were modeled with regression or generalized linear model. Qualitative responses were thematically analyzed. Results: The most frequently identified overall and unmet service needs were information on services, family support, and respite care. The funding and quality of professional support available were viewed positively. Decreased child’s age and income and being an older mother predicted more total needs. Having an older child or mother, lower income, and disruptive behaviors predicted more total unmet needs, yet only disruptive behaviors predicted proportional unmet need. Child’s language or intellectual abilities did not predict needs. Conclusion: Findings can help professionals, funders, and policy-makers tailor services to best meet families’ needs.
Firms and Credit Constraints along the Global Value Chain: Processing Trade in China

Global value chains (GVCs) allow firms to produce and export final goods, or to perform only intermediate stages of production by processing imported inputs for re-exporting. We examine how financial constraints determine companies’ position in GVCs and how this position affects profitability. We exploit matched customs and balance-sheet data from China, where exports are classified as ordinary trade, import-and-assembly processing trade (processing firm sources and pays for imported inputs), and pure-assembly processing trade (processing firm receives foreign inputs for free). Conducting more steps of the supply chain increases not only value added, but also profits. However, it requires more working capital because it entails higher up-front costs. As a result, credit constraints restrict firms to low value-added stages of production, and preclude them from pursuing more profitable opportunities. Financial frictions thus affect the organization of GVCs across firms and countries, and inform optimal trade and development policy in the presence of trade in intermediates. Global supply networks may enable more firms in developing countries to share in the gains from trade. Kalina Manova Stanford University and NBER manova@stanford.edu Zhihong Yu Nottingham University zhihong.yu@nottingham.ac. uk Berne Union Working Paper Series
Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo.

We have shown previously that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, significantly inhibits survival of PC-3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in culture, whereas proliferation of a normal prostate epithelial cell line is minimally affected by AITC even at concentrations that are highly cytotoxic to the prostate cancer cells. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that AITC administration may retard growth of human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo. Bolus i.p. injection of 10 micromol AITC, three times per week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) beginning the day of tumor cell implantation, significantly inhibited the growth of PC-3 xenograft (P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA). For example, 26 days after tumor cell implantation, the average tumor volume in control mice (1025 +/- 205 mm3) was approximately 1.7-fold higher compared with AITC-treated mice. Histological analysis of tumors excised at the termination of the experiment revealed a statistically significant increase in number of apoptotic bodies with a concomitant decrease in cells undergoing mitosis in the tumors of AITC-treated mice compared with that of control mice. Western blot analysis indicated an approximately 70% reduction in the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the tumor lysate of AITC-treated mice compared with that of control mice. Moreover, the tumors from AITC-treated mice, but not control mice, exhibited cleavage of BID, which is known to promote apoptosis. Statistically significant reduction in the expression of several proteins that regulate G2/M progression, including cyclin B1, cell division cycle (Cdc)25B and Cdc25C (44, 45 and 90% reduction, respectively, compared with control), was also observed in the tumors of AITC-treated mice relative to control tumors. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that AITC administration inhibits growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo by inducing apoptosis and reducing mitotic activity.
Phosphorylation of Ubc9 by Cdk1 Enhances SUMOylation Activity

Increasing evidence has pointed to an important role of SUMOylation in cell cycle regulation, especially for M phase. In the current studies, we have obtained evidence through in vitro studies that the master M phase regulator CDK1/cyclin B kinase phosphorylates the SUMOylation machinery component Ubc9, leading to its enhanced SUMOylation activity. First, we show that CDK1/cyclin B, but not many other cell cycle kinases such as CDK2/cyclin E, ERK1, ERK2, PKA and JNK2/SAPK1, specifically enhances SUMOylation activity. Second, CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylates the SUMOylation machinery component Ubc9, but not SAE1/SAE2 or SUMO1. Third, CDK1/cyclin B-phosphorylated Ubc9 exhibits increased SUMOylation activity and elevated accumulation of the Ubc9-SUMO1 thioester conjugate. Fourth, CDK1/cyclin B enhances SUMOylation activity through phosphorylation of Ubc9 at serine 71. These studies demonstrate for the first time that the cell cycle-specific kinase CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylates a SUMOylation machinery component to increase its overall SUMOylation activity, suggesting that SUMOylation is part of the cell cycle program orchestrated by CDK1 through Ubc9.
In whose interests? Former rebel parties and ex-combatant interest group mobilisation in Aceh and East Timor

Abstract An important factor shaping rebel-to-party transformations and post-conflict party governance pertains to how these groups relate to their former rank and file. While drawing on veterans of the war provides for stable source of support and organisational stability for the former rebel parties, ex-combatants may also pose challenges to such parties as they expect continued political influence, material rewards and social recognition for their contribution to the armed group. By identifying ex-combatants as a distinct interest group this argues that party-ex-combatant interaction directly shapes intra-party dynamics as well as policy formulation. Focusing on former rebel parties and ex-combatant interest group mobilisation in Aceh and East Timor, and this articles asks: How does rebel group mobilisation affect how former rebel parties mobilise political support? How do parties address and integrate demands made by ex-combatants?
InSAR Coherence Estimation for Small Data Sets and Its Impact on Temporal Decorrelation Extraction

A novel coherence estimation method for small data sets is presented for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (InSAR) data processing and geoscience applications. The method selects homogeneous pixels in both the spatial and temporal spaces by means of local and nonlocal adaptive techniques. Reliable coherence estimation is carried out by using such pixels and by correcting the bias in the estimated coherence caused by the non-Gaussianity in high-resolution SAR scenes. As an example, the proposed method together with coherence decomposition is applied to extract the temporal decorrelation component over an area in Macao. The results show that the proposed algorithms work well over various types of land cover. Moreover, the coherence change with time can be more accurately detected compared to other conventional methods.
The public sphere as an essentially contested concept: A co-citation analysis of the last 20 years of public sphere research

The public sphere was both one of the most popular and most debated concepts in political philosophy in the 20th century. It is one of the few concepts that has attracted attention from a wide range of disciplines. Despite the already rich intellectual history of the concept, many scholars still disagree over its proper use and definition. The purpose of this article is to review recent research into the public sphere with a co-citation analysis. A citation analysis helps to obtain a broader view of the development of the concept in different disciplines. Such an approach is of importance because the concept of the public sphere is neither fixed nor stable, as is typical for an essentially contested concept. Rather than finding the most prominent or even “right” interpretation of the concept, the primary goal of this study is to explore the evolvement and differentiation of the concept in different domains and disciplines over time. In such an analysis, the whole corpus of academic literature focusing on the public sphere as a concept can be captured. In a first step, I introduce the concept of the public sphere as an essentially contested concept. In a second step, I analyze 5386 publications from the last 20 years with a co-citation analysis. Based on the data, I identify different research communities, analyze the development of the communities and topics over time, and empirically observe some of the conditions of an essentially contested concept.
The Formation of Immigrant Networks in the Short and the Long Run

In this paper, we present a formal framework of possible network formations among immigrants. After arriving in the new country, one of the new immigrant’s important decisions is with whom to maintain a link in the foreign country. We find that the behavior of the first two immigrants affects all those who come after them. We also find that in the long run, under specific conditions, the first immigrant will become the leader of the immigrant society. Over time, as the stock of immigrants in the host country increases, the investment in the link with the leader will increase as well.
Combinatorial optimization with Gaussian machines

An artificial neuron model, called the Gaussian machine, is introduced. Gaussian machines have graded output responses, as well as stochastic behavior caused by random noise added to the input of each neuron. The Gaussian machine model includes the McCulloch-Pitts model, the Hopfield machine, and the Boltzmann machine as special cases. To demonstrate the efficiency of Gaussian machines, a solution of the traveling salesperson problem (TSP) is presented. Gaussian machines show an ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems better than either Hopfield or Boltzmann machines. The excellent performance of this model is also confirmed for the n-Queen's problem and the polyamino puzzle. <<ETX>>
What is capital? Economists and sociologists have changed its meaning: should it be changed back?

This article traces the historical usages of the term capital and the explosion of different types of supposed ‘capital’ in the twentieth century, including ‘human capital’ and ‘social capital’. In medieval and early modern times, capital meant money investable or invested in business. This meaning persists in business circles today. In contrast, Adam Smith treated physical assets, machines and people as ‘capital’ and this different usage has dominated economics since. The pre-Smithian meaning referred to money or other saleable assets that could be used as collateral. This article questions the change in meaning by economists and sociologists and highlights the importance of collateralisable property for capitalism. ‘Human capital’ can only be collateral if the humans involved are slaves. ‘Social capital’ can never be used as collateral and it is not even owned. These important issues are masked by the broadened notion of ‘capital’. Given the conceptual problems involved, economists and sociologists should consider returning to the pre-Smithian and surviving business usage of the term.
Application of Western Blotting for the Post-Treatment Monitoring of Human Cystic Echinococcosis

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Due to the high recurrence rate of the disease after surgery, follow up of the patient is necessary. The aim of current research was to assess the performance of Western blotting (WB), using sheep hydatid fluid, for serological diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of human CE. Methods: Serum samples obtained from 50 clinically/radiologically proven cases of CE along with serum samples from non-CE patients and healthy persons were tested by WB, using sheep hydatid fluid as antigen. Results: The WB test enabled the detection of antibodies in the pre-operative samples for proteins of 18–239 kDa in molecular weight. From 50 sera of CE patients, 31 cases (72.09%) detected 52 kDa subunit, 27 cases (62.79%) detected 24 kDa band, 26 cases (60.46%) recognised 39 kDa band and 21 cases (48.83%) identified 46 kDa component of sheep hydatid antigen. Sera from patients with other parasitic infections and malignancy showed cross-reactivity with the cluster of 54–59 kDa bands. The healthy control sera were not reactive to any antigenic fraction. The antigenic bands with molecular weight of 52, 24, 39 and 46 kDa were specific for CE, and may serve as useful diagnostic markers. The antibodies specific to proteins 24 and 39 kDa significantly decreased in the patients cured after surgery, while in patients with recurrent parasitism the bands present before surgery persisted. Conclusion: The WB with sheep hydatid antigen might be useful in the diagnosis and post-surgical monitoring of CE patients.
Dynamic protein-DNA architecture of a yeast heat shock promoter

Here we present an in vivo footprinting analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP82 promoter. Consistent with current models, we find that yeast heat shock factor (HSF) binds to strong heat shock elements (HSEs) in non-heat-shocked cells. Upon heat shock, however, additional binding of HSF becomes apparent at weak HSEs of the promoter as well. Recovery from heat shock results in a dramatic reduction in HSF binding at both strong and weak HSEs, consistent with a model in which HSF binding is subject to a negative feedback regulation by heat shock proteins. In vivo KMnO4 footprinting reveals that the interaction of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) with this promoter is also modulated: heat shock slightly increases TBP binding to the promoter and this binding is reduced upon recovery from heat shock. KMnO4 footprinting does not reveal a high density of polymerase at the promoter prior to heat shock, but a large open complex between the transcriptional start site and the TATA box is formed rapidly upon activation, similar to that observed in other yeast genes.
Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumour with Intraorbital Location: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

The Perivascular Epithelioid Cell tumours (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms recognized as entity by the World Health Organization. The tumour cells have an uncertain origin and are characterized by distinctive histological and immunohistochemical features. We report a case of PEComa occurring as intraorbital lesion in a 47-year-old man. We found only two other cases described in the literature and we considered all three cases together in order of histology, immunohistochemistry, and clinical outcome. We found a strict histological overlapping and quite similar immunohistological results. All three cases showed a favourable clinical course probably related to small size of tumours (<5 cm), low mitotic rate (<2 mitoses in 50 HPF), and absence of necrosis.
Neural System Combination for Machine Translation

Neural machine translation (NMT) becomes a new approach to machine translation and generates much more fluent results compared to statistical machine translation (SMT). However, SMT is usually better than NMT in translation adequacy. It is therefore a promising direction to combine the advantages of both NMT and SMT. In this paper, we propose a neural system combination framework leveraging multi-source NMT, which takes as input the outputs of NMT and SMT systems and produces the final translation. Extensive experiments on the Chinese-to-English translation task show that our model archives significant improvement by 5.3 BLEU points over the best single system output and 3.4 BLEU points over the state-of-the-art traditional system combination methods.
CD38 expression and functional activities are up‐regulated by IFN‐γ on human monocytes and monocytic cell lines

Human CD38, a surface molecule expressed by immature and activated T and B lymphocytes, has been characterized as a molecule transducing activation and proliferation signals, and intervening in adhesion to endothelium via its ligand CD31. CD38 is also a complex ectoenzyme featuring ADP‐ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP‐ribose hydrolase activities, leading to the synthesis and degradation of cADPR, a Ca+‐mobilizing agent. We investigated the effects of monocyte‐activating stimuli (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, LPS, TNF‐α, and GM‐CSF) on the expression and function of CD38, starting from the observation that human monocytes and the derived lines U937, THP‐1, and Mono‐Mac‐6 bear the molecule on their surface. Our results indicate that IFN‐γ is a strong up‐modulator of CD38, and IL‐2 increases its expression only modestly. LPS, TNF‐α, and GM‐CSF had no detectable effects. Treatment with IFN‐γ produced a dose‐ and time‐dependent up‐regulation of CD38 in monocytes and monocytic lines, which was paralleled by increased ADP‐ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP‐ribose hydrolase activities. Furthermore, CD38 ligation by specific MoAb reduced the IFN‐γ‐dependent enhancement of monocyte‐dynamic adhesion to endothelial monolayers. These findings identify IFN‐γ as a modulator of monocytic CD38 expression and indicate that CD38 plays a specific role in the activation and adhesion processes performed by monocytes.
Changes of quality of life and cognitive function in individuals with Internet gaming disorder

AbstractInternet gaming disorder (IGD) contributes to poor quality of life (QOL) and cognitive dysfunction and is increasingly recognized as a social problem in various countries. However, no evidence exists to determine whether QOL and cognitive dysfunction stabilize after appropriate management. The present study addressed improvement in QOL and cognitive functioning associated with changes in addiction symptoms following outpatient management for IGD. A total of 84 young males (IGD group: N = 44, mean age: 19.159 ± 5.216 years; healthy control group: N = 40, mean age: 21.375 ± 6.307 years) participated in this study. We administered self-report questionnaires at baseline to assess clinical and psychological characteristics, and conducted traditional and computerized neuropsychological tests. Nineteen patients with IGD completed follow-up tests in the same manner after 6 months of outpatient treatment, which included pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. A baseline comparison of patients with IGD against the healthy control group showed that the IGD patients had more symptoms of depression and anxiety, higher degrees of impulsiveness and anger/aggression, higher levels of distress, poorer QOL, and impaired response inhibition. After 6 months of treatment, patients with IGD showed significant improvements in the severity of IGD, as well as in QOL, response inhibition, and executive functioning. Additionally, a stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed a favorable prognosis for IGD patients with low working memory functioning and high executive functioning at baseline. These results provide evidence regarding longitudinal changes in QOL and cognitive function following psychiatric intervention for IGD. Furthermore, it appears that response inhibition may be an objective state marker underlying the pathophysiology of IGD.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Children: an Erp Study

Cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraising the emotional meaning of events, are linked to positive adjustment and are disrupted in individuals showing emotional distress, like anxiety. The late positive potential (LPP) is sensitive to reappraisal: LPP amplitudes are reduced when unpleasant pictures are reappraised in a positive light, suggesting regulation of negative emotion. However, only one study has examined reappraisal in children using the LPP. The present study examined whether directed reappraisals reduce the LPP in a group of 5-to 7-year-olds, and correlate with individual differences in fear and anxiety. EEG was recorded from 32 typically developing children via 64 scalp electrodes during a directed reappraisal task. Mothers reported on child anxiety. Fearful behavior was observed. As predicted, LPP amplitudes were larger to unpleasant versus neutral pictures ; counter to predictions, the LPP was not sensitive to reappraisal. The degree to which unpleasant versus neutral pictures elicited larger LPPs was correlated with greater anxiety and fear. Results suggest that reappraisal in young children is still developing, but that the LPP is sensitive to individual differences related to fear and anxiety. The utility of the LPP as a measure of cognitive emotion regulation and emotional processing biases in children is discussed.