Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Considering Context Events in Event-Based Testing of Mobile Applications

A relevant complexity factor in developing and testing mobile apps is given by their sensibility to changes in the context in which they run. As an example, apps running on a smartphone can be influenced by location changes, phone calls, device movements and many other typologies of context events. In this paper, we address the problem of testing a mobile app as an event-driven system by taking into account both context events and GUI events. We present approaches based on the definition of reusable event patterns for the manual and automatic generation of test cases for mobile app testing. One of the proposed testing techniques, based on a systematic and automatic exploration of the behaviour of an Android app, has been implemented and some preliminary case studies on real apps have been carried out in order to explore their effectiveness.
A Fast Bandit Algorithm for Recommendation to Users With Heterogenous Tastes

We study recommendation in scenarios where there's no prior information about the quality of content in the system. We present an online algorithm that continually optimizes recommendation relevance based on behavior of past users. Our method trades weaker theoretical guarantees in asymptotic performance than the state-of-the-art for stronger theoretical guarantees in the online setting. We test our algorithm on real-world data collected from previous recommender systems and show that our algorithm learns faster than existing methods and performs equally well in the long-run.
Tweeting about terror: A World Systems Theory approach to comparing international newspaper coverage online

This study looks at news coverage of terrorist attacks on Twitter over a five-year period. It examines Twitter accounts of three US and three UK elite newspapers. This study found that terrorist attacks in core countries received more attention than attacks in non-core countries. Also, this study revealed that just three terrorist attacks: January and November 2015 Paris attacks and Brussels 2016 bombings, accounted for nearly a half of the overall US and UK tweets examined in this study.
Reducing Anxiety through Music Therapy at an Outpatient Eating Disorder Recovery Service

ABSTRACT The authors of this study aimed to reduce post-meal related anxiety for people with eating disorders through participation in group music therapy in an outpatient day program. A purposively-inclusive pilot study design was adopted which utilized the self-report Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) to measure anxiety pre and post a single session. A total of 13 female participants attended a one-hour music therapy group session following a lunchtime social eating challenge and contributed to 50 occasions of data collection. A paired two-tailed t-test indicated a highly statistically significant difference (p = < 0.0001) between the pre and post session scores, suggesting that music therapy significantly decreased anxiety.
New Trends in Measuring Environmental Attitudes: Measuring Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP Scale

Dunlap and Van Liere's New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale, published in 1978, has become a widely used measure of proenvironmental orientation. This article develops a revised NEP Scale designed to improve upon the original one in several respects: (1) It taps a wider range of facets of an ecological worldview, (2) It offers a balanced set of pro- and anti-NEP items, and (3) It avoids outmoded terminology. The new scale, termed the New Ecological Paradigm Scale, consists of 15 items. Results of a 1990 Washington State survey suggest that the items can be treated as an internally consistent summated ratingscale and also indicate a modest growth in pro-NEP responses among Washington residents over the 14 years since the original study.
Maximal-ratio combining over Nakagami fading channels with an arbitrary branch covariance matrix

The error probability of maximal ratio combiners (MRCs) in a correlated Nakagami environment with an arbitrary branch covariance matrix is not available in the literature although some work has been done for two special cases with constant and exponential correlations. Correlation structures of this type, though of theoretical interest, may not match to practical situations, even for an antenna array of a totally symmetrical configuration. In this paper, we tackle the general problem by virtue of characteristic functions, avoiding the difficulty of explicitly obtaining the probability density function (PDF) for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the MRC output. We derive a simple closed-form solution for arbitrarily correlated channels with an integral fading parameter and a solution in the form of a one-fold integral for a fading parameter of nonintegral values. Simple algorithms have also been developed for their efficient implementation. The formulas are then used to analyze two possible antenna configurations for a base station, ending up with some findings of interest to system design.
Circulating levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α and risk of colorectal adenomas: a meta-analysis

Results from publications on inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and risk of colorectal adenomas are not consistent. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the above-mentioned associations. Relevant studies were identified by a search of Embase, Medline and PubMed through February 2016. A random effect model was adopted to combine study-specific odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Between-study heterogeneity and publications bias were assessed. Dose–response relationships were assessed by restricted cubic splines. Nineteen observational studies were included. For highest vs. lowest levels, results from this meta-analysis did not support an association between circulating levels of CRP [OR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.94-1.40)], IL-6 [1.17 (0.94-1.46)] and TNF-α [0.99 (0.75-1.31)] and risk of colorectal adenomas, respectively. The findings were supported by sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. In dose-response analysis, the risk of colorectal adenomas increased by 2% [1.02 (0.97-1.08)] for each 1 mg/L increment in circulation CRP levels, 9% [1.09 (0.91-1.31)] for each 1 ng/L increment in circulation IL-6 levels, and 6% [1.06 (0.93-1.21)] for each 1 pg/mL increment in circulation TNF-α levels. Moderate between-study heterogeneity was found. No evidence of publication bias was found. Circulation levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α might be not useful biomarkers for identifying colorectal adenomas, respectively.
Percieved Value Dimensions on Online Shopping Intention: The Role of Trust and Culture

Trust in e-commerce and most espically in online shopping is one of the most effective approach for reducing buyer’s uncertainity and which could serve as a key hinderance to online transactions. This study investigates the influence of perceived value dimensions (utilitarian and hedonic value) on trust, attitude, perceived risk and purchase intention in online shopping. The moderating role of individual culture (using masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and individualism/collectivism) was assessed on the interaction between perceived value dimensions trust, perceived risk and purchase intention in online shopping. Data was collected from 558 undergraduate students who are constant users of online shopping. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to validate the reliability and validity of the study variables. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesised relationships. Results revealed that interaction of perceived value dimension and individual culture significantly affects trust, perceived risk and purchase intention to use online shopping. Findings from this study provided insights for managerial implications relevant for enhancing online shoppers trust with varying cultural values.
Magnetic Fields of Nondegenerate Stars

Magnetic fields are present in a wide variety of stars throughout the HR diagram and play a role at basically all evolutionary stages, from very-low-mass dwarfs to very massive stars, and from young star-forming molecular clouds and protostellar accretion discs to evolved giants/supergiants and magnetic white dwarfs/neutron stars. These fields range from a few μG (e.g., in molecular clouds) to TG and more (e.g., in magnetic neutron stars); in nondegenerate stars in particular, they feature large-scale topologies varying from simple nearly axisymmetric dipoles to complex nonaxsymmetric structures, and from mainly poloidal to mainly toroidal topologies. After recalling the main techniques of detecting and modeling stellar magnetic fields, we review the existing properties of magnetic fields reported in cool, hot, and young nondegenerate stars and protostars, and discuss our understanding of the origin of these fields and their impact on the birth and life of stars.
AN OWL BASED ONTOLOGY OF SCOR MODEL : A PREREQUISITE FOR STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT

Firms cannot be competitive if their business and i nformation technology strategies are not aligned. Y et achieving strategic alignment continues to be a maj or concern for business executives. A number of ali gnment models have been offered in the literature. Enterprise Mod elling (EM) can deliver models that are understanda ble by all participants and formalised enough to map the Enter prise Engineering and Reengineering activities dire ctly onto the business process execution. However, models need te rms (names, verbs.) to identify and describe the constructs modelled in the EM language used. To share business knowledge, a common modelling language is not suff icient. A common business language is required to share the u nd rstanding of any constructs used in the modellin g a guage at a semantic level. The aim of this paper is to propo se a representation of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model in the Web Ontology Language (OWL). We use the SCOR ARIS model as a computable existing representation of SCOR model. In order not to start from scratch, we transform this SCOR/ARIS into SCO R/OWL. Finally, we explore the respective advantages of SC OR/OWL and SCOR/ARIS, and more generally contributi on of ontologies since they are becoming a main issue of business modelling.
Polymerase Dynamics at the Eukaryotic DNA Replication Fork*

This review discusses recent insights in the roles of DNA polymerases (Pol) δ and ϵ in eukaryotic DNA replication. A growing body of evidence specifies Pol ϵ as the leading strand DNA polymerase and Pol δ as the lagging strand polymerase during undisturbed DNA replication. New evidence supporting this model comes from the use of polymerase mutants that show an asymmetric mutator phenotype for certain mispairs, allowing an unambiguous strand assignment for these enzymes. On the lagging strand, Pol δ corrects errors made by Pol α during Okazaki fragment initiation. During Okazaki fragment maturation, the extent of strand displacement synthesis by Pol δ determines whether maturation proceeds by the short or long flap processing pathway. In the more common short flap pathway, Pol δ coordinates with the flap endonuclease FEN1 to degrade initiator RNA, whereas in the long flap pathway, RNA removal is initiated by the Dna2 nuclease/helicase.
STEM Eğitimi Almış Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin STEM Temelli Ders Etkinlikleri Hakkındaki Görüşleri

Bu calismanin amaci fen bilimleri ogretmenlerinin STEM ve STEM temelli ders etkinliklerine yonelik goruslerini ortaya cikarmaktir. Calisma nitel arastirma yontemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni ile gerceklestirilmistir. Calismaya Kayseri ilinde bulunan uc farkli ortaokulda gorev yapan bes fen bilimleri ogretmeni katilmistir. Katilimcilardan biri kadin digerleri erkek ogretmenlerdir. Arastirmada veriler, yari yapilandirilmis gorusme kullanilarak dort gun boyunca toplanmistir. Toplanan veriler icerik analiziyle analiz edilmistir. Yapilan gorusmelerde ogretmenlerin STEM temelli etkinlikleri fen alanlarindan ozellikle fizik alani ile bagdastirdiklari ve fizik konularina uygun olarak gordukleri, fen dersi ile teknoloji, muhendislik ve matematik arasinda bir iliski oldugunu dusundukleri belirlenmistir. Ayrica, STEM temelli dersleri uygulamak istedikleri ancak zaman ve malzeme sikintisi acilarindan bu durumu yapamadiklarini savunmuslardir. Elde edilen sonuclardan yola cikilarak; STEM ve STEM temelli ders etkinlikleri ile ilgili verilen egitimlerin sayisi arttirilmali ve egitimlerin icerigi/ kapsami genisletilmelidir. Ayrica egitim sonrasinda da ogretmenlerle iletisim kesilmemeli ve onlarin farkli konularda yasayabilecekleri sikintilar noktasinda destek olunmali seklinde onerilerde bulunulmustur.
The Role of Incentive Framing on Training and Transfer of Learning in a Visual Threat Detection Task

Summary: We examined the effects of different incentives on skill acquisition and transfer during threat detection in airline luggage screening. The incentives were presented within positive (gains) or negative (losses) frames, and points were given or taken away accordingly during training (with familiar targets) and transfer (to novel targets). During training, incentives exerted a more beneficial effect on skill acquisition than training without incentives. During transfer, incentives benefitted performance largely when presented as losses or penalties. Incentives framed as gains primed participants to say ‘yes’ more often leading to a high ratio of false positives; however, incentives framed as losses lead participants to become more selective in their ‘yes’ responses leading to a lower number of false positives but a comparable probability of correct detections. Interestingly, participants that received no training outperformed participants that received incentive‐based training, suggesting that incentives actually constrained rather than helped transfer of learning in this study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intertemporal Pricing and Price Discrimination: A Semiparametric Hedonic Analysis of the Personal Computer Market

We apply a smooth coefficient semiparametric model to a unique high-frequency data set to examine the intertemporal pricing of personal computers. Furthermore, we test whether firms charge differential component prices for their top performance personal computers and whether premium firms charge both a premium for all their computers and a premium for their top performance ones. We find nonlinear effects in the pricing of personal computer components. We also find that firms in general do not charge differential prices for the components of their top performance computers. In addition, high-quality firms charge higher premia only for their most advanced products. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Theory of Dynamic Resource Misallocation and Amplification

We develop a tractable dynamic general equilibrium model of oligopolistic competition with a continuum of heterogeneous industries. Industries are exposed to aggregate and industry-specific productivity shocks. Firms in each industry set value-maximizing state-contingent markups, taking as given the behavior of all other industries. When consumers are risk-averse, industry markups are countercyclical with regards to the industry-specific component, but may be procyclical with regards to the aggregate shock. The general equilibrium dispersion of markups implied by the optimization of heterogeneous industries creates misallocation of labor across industries. The misallocation, in turn, generates aggregate welfare losses state-by-state that feed back into the industry problem via a representative agent's marginal utility of aggregate consumption. Misallocation dynamics may transmit industry-specific shocks, or amplify small aggregate shocks, and so lead to aggregate fluctuations through these feedback effects.
of Serendipitous and Unexpected Results Neural Correlates of Interspecies Perspective Taking in the Post-Mortem Atlantic Salmon : An Argument For Proper Multiple Comparisons Correction

Neural Correlates of Interspecies Perspective Taking in the Post-Mortem Atlantic Salmon: An Argument For Proper Multiple Comparisons Correction Craig M. Bennett 1∗, Abigail A. Baird 2, Michael B. Miller 1 and George L. Wolford 3 Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Department of Psychology, Blodgett Hall, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Moore Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
The Effect of Asymmetric Information on Dividend Policy

We examine the effect of asymmetric information on dividend policy in light of an alternative explanation based on the pecking order theory. We present evidence that dividends are inversely related to the level of asymmetric information. This finding is consistent with the pecking order theory, but inconsistent with the signaling theory. We provide further support for the pecking order theory by documenting a negative relation between dividends and issue costs that derives from asymmetric information problems. We also find that the previous evidence on the relation between dividends and insider ownership appears to be more strongly related to asymmetric information than to agency costs.
Transverse Development of the Human Jaws Between the Ages of 8.5 and 15.5 Years, Studied Longitudinally With Use of Implants

We report longitudinal data on the transverse widening of the maxilla and mandible from a sample of normal subjects (11 males and 20 females) with metallic implants of the Bjork type. Data were from measurements on lateral and frontal (posterior-anterior) cephalograms generated at annual intervals between the ages of 8.5 and 15.5 years (although data were not available for all subjects at all time points). The maxillary data were, in general, similar to those reported by Bjork and Skieller (1974, 1977) for a smaller sample of slightly younger boys. During the age interval studied, transverse widening was greater in the more posterior part of the palate. [The mean annual rate of change in the posterior-most (zygomatic) region was 0.43 mm, sd = 0.18 mm; p < 0.001. ] Although the rate of palatal widening was not large in absolute terms, widening appeared to continue throughout the age interval under study, and there was no evidence to support the conventionally accepted idea that palatal growth in the transverse dimension tapers off substantially or even ceases during the age interval under observation. Evidence of statistically significant widening of the mandibular arch by means of transverse rotation of the osseous matrix was noted in nine of the 29 subjects for whom three-dimensional mandibular information was available. For these nine subjects, the estimated annual increase in mandibular arch angle ranged from 0.52 degrees to 1.40 degrees. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of mandibular matrix rotation in the transverse direction from a sample of subjects with metallic implants. The finding that spontaneous changes in this dimension are relatively common raises the possibility that classical attitudes concerning the immutability of osseous relationships in the symphyseal region during growth may be inappropriate.
Anomaly detection in the processing of complex syntax by early L2 learners

This study investigates the processing of long-distance syntactic dependencies by native speakers of Slovenian (L1) who are advanced learners of Italian as a second language (L2), compared with monolingual Italian speakers. Using a self-paced reading task, we compare sensitivity of the early-acquired L2 learners to syntactic anomalies in their L2 in two empirical domains: (1) syntactic islands, for which the learners’ L1 and L2 grammars provide a converging characterization, and (2) verb–clitic constructions, for which the respective L1 and L2 grammatical descriptions diverge. We find that although our L2 learners show native-like processing patterns in the former, converging, grammatical domain, they may nevertheless perform non-native-like with respect to syntactic phenomena in which the L1 and L2 grammars do not align, despite the early age of L2 acquisition. Implications for theories of L2 acquisition and endstate are discussed.
Corporate Governance Rating and Ownership Structure in the Case of Turkey

By using corporate governance data on 22 publicly traded Turkish companies we estimate the determinants of corporate governance ratings for these companies with a focus on ownership structure. Our results show that company earnings, financial risk and firm size positively influence the corporate governance ratings (CGR) that Turkish firms receive. In the meantime, we find some weak evidence that family ownership has a negative and foreign ownership has a positive impact on CGR scores.
Error Detection and Fault Tolerance in ECSM Using Input Randomization

For some applications, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an attractive choice because it achieves the same level of security with a much smaller key size in comparison with other schemes such as those that are based on integer factorization or discrete logarithm. For security reasons, especially to provide resistance against fault-based attacks, it is very important to verify the correctness of computations in ECC applications. In this paper, error-detecting and fault-tolerant elliptic curve cryptosystems are considered. Error detection may be a sufficient countermeasure for many security applications; however, fault-tolerant characteristic enables a system to perform its normal operation in spite of faults. For the purpose of detecting errors due to faults, a number of schemes and hardware structures are presented based on recomputation or parallel computation. It is shown that these structures can be used for detecting errors with a very high probability during the computation of the elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM). Additionally, we show that using parallel computation along with either PV or recomputation, it is possible to have fault-tolerant structures for the ECSM. If certain conditions are met, these schemes are more efficient than others such as the well-known triple modular redundancy. Prototypes of the proposed structures for error detection and fault tolerance have been implemented, and experimental results have been presented.
Estimating the Leaf Area of Cut Roses in Different Growth Stages Using Image Processing and Allometrics

Non-destructive, accurate, user-friendly and low-cost approaches to determining crop leaf area (LA) are a key tool in many agronomic and physiological studies, as well as in current agricultural management. Although there are models that estimate cut rose LA in the literature, they are generally designed for a specific stage of the crop cycle, usually harvest. This study aimed to estimate the LA of cut “Red Naomi” rose stems in several phenological phases using morphological descriptors and allometric measurements derived from image processing. A statistical model was developed based on the “multiple stepwise regression” technique and considered the stem height, the number of stem leaves, and the stage of the flower bud. The model, based on 26 stems (232 leaves) collected at different developmental stages, explained 95% of the LA variance (R2 = 0.95, n = 26, p < 0.0001). The mean relative difference between the observed and the estimated LA was 8.2%. The methodology had a high accuracy and precision in the estimation of LA during crop development. It can save time, effort, and resources in determining cut rose stem LA, enhancing its application in research and production contexts.