Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetics of Hispanic and White Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in California

Epidemiologic studies of childhood leukemia have made limited use of tumor genetic characteristics, which may be related to disease etiology. We characterized the cytogenetics of 543 childhood leukemia patients (0-14 years of age) enrolled in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study, an approximately population-based study comprised primarily of Hispanics (42%) and non-Hispanic Whites (41%), and compared the cytogenetic profiles between these two ethnic groups. Subjects were classified by immunophenotype, conventional cytogenetic characteristics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization findings. The ploidy levels most frequently observed among acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients were high hyperdiploidy (51-67 chromosomes) and pseudodiploidy (34% and 27%, respectively). No ethnic differences in the frequency of 11q23/MLL rearrangements were observed between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. Among B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, the percentage of TEL-AML1 translocations was significantly lower in Hispanics (13%) than in non-Hispanic Whites (24%; P = 0.01). This is the first time that this ethnic variation has been observed in a large number of patients in a defined geographic region, which is consistent with findings from smaller international studies. The mechanistic basis for this 2-fold variation in frequency of TEL-AML1 may be due to ethnic-specific risk factors or genetics and should be explored further. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;(15)3:578–81)
Multiple spin‐echo spectroscopic imaging for rapid quantitative assessment of N‐acetylaspartate and lactate in acute stroke

Monitoring the signal levels of lactate (Lac) and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) by chemical shift imaging can provide additional knowledge about tissue damage in acute stroke. Despite the need for this metabolic information, spectroscopic imaging (SI) has not been used routinely for acute stroke patients, mainly due to the long acquisition time required. The presented data demonstrate that the application of a fast multiple spin‐echo (MSE) SI sequence can reduce the measurement time to 6 min (four spin echoes per echo train, 32 × 32 matrix). Quantification of Lac and NAA in terms of absolute concentrations (i.e., mmol/l) can be achieved by means of the phantom replacement approach, with correction terms for the longitudinal and transversal relaxation adapted to the multiple spin‐echo sequence. In this pilot study of 10 stroke patients (symptom onset < 24 hr), metabolite concentrations obtained from MSE‐SI add important information regarding tissue viability that is not provided by other sequences (e.g., diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI)). Metabolic changes extended beyond the borders of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) lesion in nine of the 10 patients, showing a rise in Lac concentrations up to 18 mmol/l, while NAA levels sometimes dropped below the detection level. Considerable differences among the patients in terms of the Lac concentrations and the size of the SI‐ADC mismatch were observed. Magn Reson Med 52:228–238, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Honey and Eugenol on Ehrlich Ascites and Solid Carcinoma

Ehrlich ascites carcinoma is a spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma adapted to ascites form and carried in outbred mice by serial intraperitoneal (i/p) passages. The previous work from our laboratory showed that honey having higher phenolic content was potent in inhibiting colon cancer cell proliferation. In this work, we extended our research to screen the antitumor activity of two selected honey samples and eugenol (one of the phenolic constituents of honey) against murine Ehrlich ascites and solid carcinoma models. Honey containing higher phenolic content was found to significantly inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as compared to other samples. When honey containing higher phenolic content was given at 25% (volume/volume) intraperitoneally (i/p), the maximum tumor growth inhibition was found to be 39.98%. However, honey was found to be less potent in inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma. On the other hand, eugenol at a dose of 100 mg/kg i/p was able to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites by 28.88%. In case of solid carcinoma, eugenol (100 mg/kg; i/p) showed 24.35% tumor growth inhibition. This work will promote the development of honey and eugenol as promising candidates in cancer chemoprevention.
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 is a potent activator of human basophils

Cytokines belonging to the RANTES/SIS family are highly induced in a number of pathophysiological processes such as autoimmune disorders, cancers, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammation. However, apart from their chemotactic activity on monocytes and particular lymphocyte types, the biological activities in the human system of this recently discovered cytokine family are largely unknown. Here we report that one family member, described as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), strongly activates mature human basophils in a pertussis toxin- sensitive manner. MCP-1 causes a rise in the cytosolic free calcium level in basophils and monocytes, but not in other blood leukocyte types, and triggers basophil degranulation at low concentrations (ED50 = 3-10 nM). Thus, MCP-1 is a cytokine capable of directly inducing histamine release by basophils. Furthermore, MCP-1 promotes the formation of leukotriene C4 by basophils pretreated with interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-5, or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. MCP- 1-induced basophil mediator release may play an important role in allergic inflammation and other pathologies expressing MCP-1.
Endothelial‐Dependent Relaxation Induced by Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 in Isolated Canine Arteries

Leukotriene D4 has been shown to possess the capacity to relax canine superior mesenteric and renal arterial rings in an endothelial-dependent manner. The present study was designed to determine if the remaining peptidoleukotrienes, leukotrienes C4 and E4, share this property. In addition, influences of atropine and of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities on relaxation produced by leukotriene D4 and acetylcholine were determined to characterize further leukotriene D4-induced relaxation and to compare these properties with those of acetylcholine. Vasomotor tone was measured with isometric force transducers. Following induction of tone with norepinephrine, leukotriene C4 and acetylcholine produced concentration-dependent relaxation of renal and superior mesenteric arterial rings in which the endothelium was intact. Only minimal decreases in tone were produced in response to leukotriene E4. Neither acetylcholine nor leukotriene C4 altered tone after the endothelium had been intentionally disrupted. Nitroglycerin relaxed rings both before and after rubbing the endothelium. These results demonstrate that, similar to leukotriene D4, leukotriene C4 possesses the capacity to produce endothelial-dependent relaxation in canine renal and superior mesenteric arteries. Relaxation of the superior mesenteric artery produced in response to acetylcholine, but not leukotriene D4, was inhibited in presence of atropine. Incubation of the rings with meclofenamate had no effect on relaxation induced by either acetylcholine or leukotriene D4. Thus, it appears that endothelial- dependent relaxation induced by leukotriene D4 is neither dependent on muscarinic receptor activation nor related to generation of cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. In contrast, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid attenuated relaxation in response to leukotriene D4 and acetylcholine, suggesting that lipoxygenase-derived products may participate in leukotriene D4-induced as well as acetylcholine-induced relaxation.
Detecting Spammers and Content Promoters in Online Video Social Networks

A number of online video social networks, out of which YouTube is the most popular, provides features that allow users to post a video as a response to a discussion topic. These features open opportunities for users to introduce polluted content, or simply pollution, into the system. For instance, spammers may post an unrelated video as response to a popular one aiming at increasing the likelihood of the response being viewed by a larger number of users. Moreover, opportunistic users--promoters--may try to gain visibility to a specific video by posting a large number of (potentially unrelated) responses to boost the rank of the responded video, making it appear in the top lists maintained by the system. Content pollution may jeopardize the trust of users on the system, thus compromising its success in promoting social interactions. In spite of that, the available literature is very limited in providing a deep understanding of this problem. In this paper, we go a step further by addressing the issue of detecting video spammers and promoters. Towards that end, we manually build a test collection of real YouTube users, classifying them as spammers, promoters, and legitimates. Using our test collection, we provide a characterization of social and content attributes that may help distinguish each user class. We also investigate the feasibility of using a state-of-the-art supervised classification algorithm to detect spammers and promoters, and assess its effectiveness in our test collection. We found that our approach is able to correctly identify the majority of the promoters, misclassifying only a small percentage of legitimate users. In contrast, although we are able to detect a significant fraction of spammers, they showed to be much harder to distinguish from legitimate users.
Computed Tomography Associated Cancers and Cancer Deaths Following Visits to U.S. Emergency Departments

We estimated the number of future cancers and cancer deaths following computed tomography scans (CTs) performed in U.S. emergency departments annually and determined whether increases in the proportion of visits resulting in CTs over the past decade were accompanied by changes in markers of severity of illness or primary reason for visit. We applied national estimates of effective dose to adult emergency department visits in the 2008 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We utilized the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation Model VII to estimate the number of future cancers and cancer deaths caused by CTs performed in U.S. emergency departments. We calculated the proportion of visits resulting in CTs from 1998 to 2008. In 2008, 16,406,921 CTs were performed nationally on adults, which will cause an estimated 3,750 cancers and 1,994 cancer deaths. The increasing proportion of emergency department visits resulting in CTs was not accompanied by proportional increases in markers of severity of illness or primary reason for visit. The substantial number of future cancers and cancer deaths attributable to CTs and increases in CTs without accompanying increases in markers of severity or changes in primary reason for visit highlight the importance of examining the benefits of CTs.
Global Functional Connectivity Differences between Sleep-Like States in Urethane Anesthetized Rats Measured by fMRI

Sleep is essential for nervous system functioning and sleep disorders are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the macroscale connectivity changes in brain networking during different sleep states are poorly understood. One of the hindering factors is the difficulty to combine functional connectivity investigation methods with spontaneously sleeping animals, which prevents the use of numerous preclinical animal models. Recent studies, however, have implicated that urethane anesthesia can uniquely induce different sleep-like brain states, resembling rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep, in rodents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess changes in global connectivity and topology between sleep-like states in urethane anesthetized rats, using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. We detected significant changes in corticocortical (increased in NREM-like state) and corticothalamic connectivity (increased in REM-like state). Additionally, in graph analysis the modularity, the measure of functional integration in the brain, was higher in NREM-like state than in REM-like state, indicating a decrease in arousal level, as in normal sleep. The fMRI findings were supported by the supplementary electrophysiological measurements. Taken together, our results show that macroscale functional connectivity changes between sleep states can be detected robustly with resting-state fMRI in urethane anesthetized rats. Our findings pave the way for studies in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases where sleep abnormalities are often one of the first markers for the disorder development.
The Respective Roles Of User Participation And User Involvement In Information System Implementation Success

Consistent with the conceptualizations of participation and involvement in psychology, organizational behavior, consumer behavior, and other disciplines, this paper redefines the participation construct to distinguish its. behavioral and psychological dimensions. "User participation" is defined as the observable behavior of information system users in the information system development process; "user involvement" as a need-based attitude orpsychological state of users with regard to that process and to the resultant information system; and "user engagement" as the set of user behaviors and attitudes toward information systems and their development. A field study was conducted in a $40 billion interstate bank during the installation and conversion of an information system. A questionnaire was developed, pre-tested, and validated for internal consistency, temporal stabfity, factorial validity, and multicollinearity. Path analysis was used for theory testing (i.e., model comparison). There was strong empirical evidence to support: (1) that user involvement is something distinct from, although associated wit4 user participation; (2) that this psychological state of user involvement may be more important than user participation in understanding information system success; (3) that the behavioral-attitudinal theory of information system success @e. , that participation "causes" involvement which mediates the participation-success relationship) is superior to the behavioral theory (i.e., participation "causes" success); and (4) that user engagement during the installation phase is strongly associated with user satisfaction.
Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®: Photochemical Behavior in Solution and in a Mammalian Cell

The development of efficient and selective luminescent probes for reactive oxygen species, particularly for singlet molecular oxygen, is currently of great importance. In this study, the photochemical behavior of Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green® (SOSG), a commercially available fluorescent probe for singlet oxygen, was examined. Despite published claims to the contrary, the data presented herein indicate that SOSG can, in fact, be incorporated into a living mammalian cell. However, for a number of reasons, caution must be exercised when using SOSG. First, it is shown that the immediate product of the reaction between SOSG and singlet oxygen is, itself, an efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizer. Second, SOSG appears to efficiently bind to proteins which, in turn, can influence uptake by a cell as well as behavior in the cell. As such, incorrect use of SOSG can yield misleading data on yields of photosensitized singlet oxygen production, and can also lead to photooxygenation‐dependent adverse effects in the system being investigated.
Identification of two epitopes in the carboxyterminal 15 amino acids of the E1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus A59 by using hybrid proteins

cDNA fragments coding for the carboxy terminus of the E1 envelope glycoprotein from mouse hepatitis virus A59, a coronavirus, were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pEX. Clones expressing E1 antigenic determinants were selected with a polyclonal anti-E1 antibody and used for immunization of rabbits and for affinity purification of existing polyclonal antisera. Immunofluorescence testing and immunoperoxidase labeling of coronavirus-infected cells showed that these reagents were monospecific for E1. In addition, by using hybrid proteins containing different lengths of the E1 carboxy terminus to affinity-purify a polyclonal antiserum against E1, we have been able to define two epitopes within the last 15 amino acid residues of the protein. These epitope-specific antibodies bind to E1 in Golgi and perinuclear membranes as well as to budding viruses; they do not, however, label the plasma membrane or the membranes of post-Golgi vesicles transporting virions to the cell surface.
The changing geography of intergenerational mobility

Does the importance of your family background on how far you get in adulthood also depend on where you grow up? For many countries, Britain included, a paucity of data has made this a question with very little reliable evidence to answer. To redress this evidence lacuna, we present a new analysis of intergenerational mobility across three cohorts in England and Wales using linked decennial census microdata. As well as testing the robustness of existing survey evidence on mobility trends over time, this large dataset permits analysis to be undertaken at a more geographically disaggregated level than was previously feasible. Evidence is presented on occupational wages, home ownership and education. Our new analysis shows a slight decline in occupation-wage mobility and a substantial decline in home ownership mobility over the late 20th century in England and Wales, while the picture for educational mobility is less clear. Focusing on the most recent cohort, we find marked geographic differences in mobility. We find that occupation-wage mobility is exceptionally high in London, while ex-industrial and mining areas experience the lowest rates of mobility. Areas with low occupation-wage mobility were more likely to vote to leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum. Home ownership mobility is negatively correlated with house prices and not correlated with occupation-wage mobility, suggesting that geographical comparisons based on one dimension of mobility need not always align with those based on alternative measures.
The Effects of Mobbing on Organizational Cynicism: A Study on Hotels in Turkey

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the hotel employees' mobbing perceptions on organizational cynicism. In this respect, employees’ mobbing perceptions and attitudes related to organizational cynicism are evaluated separately, and then through putting forth the effect of mobbing on organizational cynicism on the sample of hotel business employees in Turkey. In this research, survey technique was utilized as a data collecting method, also the relevant mobbing and organizational cynicism scales were utilized. Survey way applied to 936 people selected through stage sampling method from employees of the five star hotel in Turkey which constitute the population of this research, and data collected for the aim of this study was analyzed and interpreted. According to the results of this research, it was determined that when hotel employees’ mobbing perceptions are considered in general, the highest mobbing perception is in “self-realization and attacks intended for communication formation” dimension; when their attitudes on organizational cynicism are considered in general, organizational cynicism with the highest average is behavioral cynicism. On the other hand, relations between employees’ mobbing perceptions and attitudes on organizational cynicism have been found significant in this research, also it is achieved that mobbing increases organizational cynicism.
Concurrent muscle hurt and perceived exertion of children during resistance exercise.

PURPOSE Rating of muscle hurt (RMH) and RPE were concurrently measured for 10- to 14-yr-old females (n = 50) and males (n = 50) performing unilateral biceps curl (BC) and knee extension (KE) isotonic exercise. METHODS BC and KE exercises were counterbalanced within subjects. Three counterbalanced, 10 repetition sets (30%, 50%, and 70% one repetition maximum (1-RM)) were performed for both exercises. RMH and RPE were obtained for active muscles using the Children's OMNI-Hurt Scale and the Children's OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of Perceived Exertion, respectively. RESULTS For both females and males, RMH ranged across sets from 1.5 to 6.0 during BC and 3.2 to 6.7 during KE. RPE ranged from 3.4 to 8.3 during BC and 5.0 to 8.9 during KE. Ratings expressed as percent scores were lower (P < 0.01) for RMH than for RPE at the 30%, 50%, and 70% 1-RM during BC and KE for females and males. Regression coefficients for weight lifted as a function of RMH ranged from r = 0.67 to r = 0.87 (P < 0.01) for BC and KE. Correlations between RMH and RPE ranged from r = 0.19 to r = 0.82 across sets for both genders. CONCLUSIONS Female and male children can concurrently and differentially rate their perceived intensity of muscle hurt and exertion during upper and lower body resistance exercise using numerical category metrics (i.e., OMNI scales) having construct-specific pictorial and verbal descriptors.
The Application of Landscape Indices in Landscape Ecology

Landscape ecology is essentially the ecological approach of landscape research, the theoretical background that facilitates landscape use and planning in practice (Mander & Jongman, 2000; Richling et al., 1994; Wu & Hobbs, 2007; Szilassi et al., 2010). It is a study of spatial variation in landscapes, research of the biophysical and societal causes and consequences of landscape heterogeneity. In order to plan the proper landscape use according to the constantly changing social requirements, we should know the actual condition of the landscape, its function, its spatial structure and history (Tress et al., 2003).
A regional frequency analysis of UK sub‐daily extreme precipitation and assessment of their seasonality

Floods related to extreme precipitation events, especially intense, short‐duration precipitation, may cause significant damage in urbanized areas, including transport infrastructure, electricity networks, and property. These events are expected to increase in frequency with climate change but their characteristics, at either hourly or multi‐hourly timescales, have been little studied due to short and poor quality data records. We examine annual maximum (AMAX) hourly and multi‐hourly (3, 6, 12, and 24 hr) precipitation accumulations in the United Kingdom using a quality‐controlled hourly precipitation data set for the period 1992–2014. We describe their seasonality and diurnal cycle and use a regional frequency analysis (RFA) approach with L‐moments to produce at‐site return level estimates, and then use existing extreme precipitation regions to provide regional‐scale return levels. The analysis shows a clear seasonality and the dominant occurrence of short‐duration AMAX in summer with similar seasonality for 1 and 3 hr accumulation periods in some regions, while longer‐duration AMAX (12 and 24 hr) behave similarly to each other in all regions but are distributed over a longer period including late autumn and winter. The diurnal cycle of 1 hr AMAX indicates that most extremes occur during the afternoon, with a peak typically between 1400 and 1700, especially in southern and eastern regions. However, we also demonstrate that existing regions for UK daily extremes are not able to adequately reflect differences at shorter durations and that new regions should be created. These results provide new insights to help in designing urban drainage systems and infrastructure, including the need for new scaling relationships between sub‐daily and design accumulation periods.