Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of Anti-retinal Autoantibodies in Cancer-associated Retinopathy with Gynecological Cancers

Background The presence of autoantibodies (AAbs) is the primary serological indicator of autoimmunity. Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is associated with AAbs and different types of cancer. The goal of the study was to examine the profile of serum autoantibodies in women with gynecological cancers with and without paraneoplastic visual manifestation. Methods Retrospective studies of a cohort of 46 women with symptoms of CAR and gynecological tumors, including endometrial, cervical, ovarian, and fallopian tubes, 111 women with similar tumors without symptoms of CAR, and 60 age-matched healthy controls. Presence of serum AAbs and the identity of targeted antigens were performed by western blotting and their significance was evaluated using an Fisher’s exact test. Results The patients with gynecological CAR had the highest proportion of seropositivity (80%), followed by patients with gynecological cancers without CAR (61%) and healthy controls (58%). Differences in recognition frequencies were found for 17 antigens and 5 retinal antigens were frequently targeted: enolase, aldolase C, carbonic anhydrase II, recoverin and GAPDH. The occurrence of anti-glycolytic enzymes was 2-3 times more frequent in CAR and cancer patients than healthy controls. Anti-recoverin AAbs were prevalent in endometrial CAR. Anti-CAII antibodies were not significantly different between groups of women. In this cohort, cancer was diagnosed before the onset of retinopathy with latency from 2 months to 30 years. The discovery of the ovarian and endometrial cancers and manifestation of visual problems often coincided but Fallopian tube carcinoma was found after visual onset. Conclusion New retinal targets were identified for gynecological CAR. Each gynecological-CAR has its own autoantibody profile different from non-CAR profile, implying that a complex autoantibody signature may be more predictable for diagnosis than a singular AAb. Specific anti-retinal AAbs were most prevalent in women with CAR but their profiles were not fully distinguished from cancer controls.
Early relationship between very preterm infant and mother: The role of infant, maternal and dyadic factors

4 ABSTRACT Riikka Korja Early relationship between very preterm infant and mother: The role of infant, maternal and dyadic factors. The primary purpose was to assess the quality and the organization of mother– infant relationship in Finnish firstborn singleton preterm infants and their mothers. In addition, the aim was to study modifying factors such as infant crying, caregiver holding and maternal depression in relation to the mother– preterm infant relationship. The study groups included 32 (Study I-II) and 38 (Study III-IV) preterm infants (< 1501 g or < 32 weeks) and 46 full term infants. The mother–infant interaction was assessed using PCERA at 6 and 12 months of corrected age. Maternal representations were studied using WMCI at 12 months of infant's corrected age. Baby Day Diary was used to explore the infant's crying and the caregiver's holding behaviors at 5 months of corrected age. Maternal depression was evaluated using EPDS at 6 months of infant's corrected age. This study showed no differences in the maternal attachment classifications, or maternal or dyadic interaction between groups of preterm and full term infants. However, preterm infants demonstrated more sober and withdrawn mood and lower quality in the play and attention skills than full term infants in the interaction situation at 12 months. This study also showed that prolonged crying and maternal depression are negatively related to the mother–infant interaction in the preterm group. Interestingly, the frequent but soothable infant's crying was positively related to the duration of holding and the duration of holding was positively related to the quality of mother–infant interaction only in the preterm group. The results of the present study suggest that preterm birth does not, in and of itself, form a risk for maternal attachment or for maternal or dyadic interaction, but together with other risk factors preterm birth may negatively influence the mother–infant relationship. The results also suggests that mothers and their preterm infants develop a different kind of interaction style where the infant's crying may be a trigger for holding and thus for positive, mutual and reciprocal interaction. This may be an adaptive mechanism protecting the mother– preterm infant relationship.
On the Pleistocene Population History in the Japanese Archipelago

This paper provides a current understanding of human population history in the Pleistocene Japanese Archipelago, particularly with respect to the routes and timing of hunter-gatherer migrations, by incorporating multiple lines of evidence from the records of archaeology, human paleontology, and genetic studies. The human fossil remains are concentrated on the Ryukyu Islands in southwestern Japan, suggesting that there may have been a northward migration via the Ryukyu Islands. In contrast, studies of ancient mitochondrial DNA demonstrate genetic continuity among Holocene hunter-gatherer populations in the Paleo-Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Kurile Peninsula, whereas the Pleistocene genetic history is little explored. Although it is largely supported, the assumed population continuity from the Pleistocene to the Holocene inside the Japanese Archipelago is also challenged by an examination of the Paleolithic record and a comparison of the short- and long-term chronologies of the Japanese Paleolithic, implying that the Japanese Paleolithic record was created by hunter-gatherer population migrations from the north and south with substantial time lag and endemic technological invention and transformation during the Late Pleistocene.
Antibiotic resistant Shigella is a major cause of diarrhoea in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea.

INTRODUCTION Diarrhoea remains a major cause of illness in Papua New Guinea (PNG); however, little is known about its aetiology. As a result of the cholera outbreak that spread throughout PNG in 2009-2011, we conducted diarrhoeal surveillance in Eastern Highlands Province. METHODOLOGY Following informed consent and a brief questionnaire, participants provided a stool sample or duplicate rectal swabs. Samples were tested for common bacterial pathogens Salmonella spp. , Shigella spp. , Vibrio spp. , Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica using established culture methods. Enteric parasites were detected using microscopy. RESULTS A total of 216 participants were enrolled; where age was recorded, 42% were under 5 years of age, 6.7% were 5 to 17 years of age and 51.3% ≥18 years of age. One or more pathogens were detected in 68 (31.5%) participants, with Shigella (primarily S. flexneri) being the most commonly isolated (47 of 216 participants). Enteric parasites were detected in 23 of the 216 participants, occurring as a co-infection with another pathogen in 12 of 23 cases. No Vibrio cholerae was detected. Shigella isolates were commonly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol. CONCLUSIONS Shigellae, specifically S. flexneri, are important pathogens in the highlands of PNG. While most studies in low-income settings focus on childhood aetiology, we have demonstrated the importance of Shigella in both children and adults. Enteric parasites remain present and presumably contribute to the burden of gastrointestinal illness. While improvements in sanitation and hygiene would help lower the burden of all aetiologies of infectious diarrhoea, additional control strategies targeting Shigella may also be warranted.
Insulation Problems in Medium-Voltage Stator Coils Under Fast Repetitive Voltage Pulses

In this paper, the degradation processes in stator-bar groundwall insulation that is subjected to steep-front voltage pulses, at different temperatures, are studied. The test conditions include pulse voltage amplitudes up to 6kVp and pulse switching frequencies up to 3 kHz in ambient temperatures of 23degC , 120degC , and 155degC . During the aging process, the surface temperature is monitored with an infrared camera to determine the regions with highest temperatures and the partial discharge (PD) activity. The visual examination of failed bars confirmed that the groundwall insulation in these regions is degraded.
Common Neural Recruitment across Diverse Sustained Attention Tasks

At one level “sustained attention” is simply a description of a task demand. It is often used, however, in reference to a putatively unitary capacity to remain engaged in tasks that are lengthy, dull, repetitive and/or characterised by long intervals between relevant events. Deficits in sustained attention have been reported in a range of clinical conditions. Despite this, there is paucity of well-controlled human functional imaging evidence about regions commonly recruited during diverse sustained attention tasks. Here, for the first time, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor brain activity patterns as healthy volunteers performed two sustained attention tasks. The first, widely used in clinical assessment, required participants to count tones separated by long unpredictable intervals. This was contrasted with a control counting condition in which tones were presented at a brisk, regular rate. The second task was the Sustained Attention to Response Test (SART) in which participants responded to sequentially presented digits with the exception of a nominated infrequent no-go target. In the control condition, no-go trials were explicitly absent, removing the requirement to maintain a readiness to withhold responses. Although there were distinct patterns of activation associated with each task relative to its control, activity common to both tasks was found in the bilateral inferior frontal operculum, anterior cingulate, and bilateral premotor cortex. Although some researchers argue for a specific role of the inferior frontal operculum in inhibition, our results are consistent with recent findings of a more general attentional role for this area. The maintenance of a goal directed stance in the absence of strong environmental facilitation is challenging and this may underpin the sensitivity of sustained attention tasks to functional difficulties in a range of clinical groups.
The Dark Matter Distribution in the Central Regions of Galaxy Clusters: Implications for Cold Dark Matter

We have undertaken a spectroscopic survey of gravitational arcs in a carefully chosen sample of six clusters, each containing a dominant brightest cluster galaxy. We use these systems to study the relative distributions of dark and baryonic material in the central regions. Three clusters present both radial and tangential arcs and provide particularly strong constraints on the mass profiles, whereas the other three display only tangential arcs and act as a control set. Following Sand, Treu, & Ellis, we analyze stellar velocity dispersion data for the brightest cluster galaxies in conjunction with the arc redshifts and lens models to constrain the dark and baryonic mass profiles jointly. For the systems containing radial arcs we find that the inner dark matter density profile is consistent with a three-dimensional distribution, ρDM ∝ r-β, with logarithmic slope ⟨β⟩ = 0.52 (68% CL). Similarly, we find that the tangential arc sample gives an upper limit, β < 0.57 (99% CL). Taking the six clusters together, the mean dark matter distribution is inconsistent with the standard NFW value, β = 1.0, at greater than 99% confidence. In addition, we find considerable cosmic scatter in the β (Δβ ~ 0.3) values of the radial arc sample. We find no evidence that systems with radial arcs preferentially yield flatter dark matter profiles as might be expected if they were a biased subset. We discuss the validity of our one-dimensional mass reconstruction method and verify its conclusions by comparing with results of a more rigorous ray-tracing code that does not assume axial symmetry. Our results extend and considerably strengthen the earlier conclusions presented by Sand and coworkers and suggest that the relationship between dark and visible matter in the cores of clusters is much more complex than anticipated from recent simulations.
Microglia Protect Neurons against Ischemia by Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor

Microglia and infiltrating leukocytes are considered major producers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is a crucial player in cerebral ischemia and brain inflammation. We have identified a neuroprotective role for microglial-derived TNF in cerebral ischemia in mice. We show that cortical infarction and behavioral deficit are significantly exacerbated in TNF-knock-out (KO) mice compared with wild-type mice. By using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and green fluorescent protein bone marrow (BM)-chimeric mice, TNF was shown to be produced by microglia and infiltrating leukocytes. Additional analysis demonstrating that BM-chimeric TNF-KO mice grafted with wild-type BM cells developed larger infarcts than BM-chimeric wild-type mice grafted with TNF-KO BM cells provided evidence that the neuroprotective effect of TNF was attributable to microglial- not leukocyte-derived TNF. In addition, observation of increased infarction in TNF-p55 receptor (TNF-p55R)-KO mice compared with TNF-p75R and wild-type mice suggested that microglial-derived TNF exerts neuroprotective effects through TNF-p55R. We finally report that TNF deficiency is associated with reduced microglial population size and Toll-like receptor 2 expression in unmanipulated brain, which might also influence the neuronal response to injury. Our results identify microglia and microglial-derived TNF as playing a key role in determining the survival of endangered neurons in cerebral ischemia.
Fucci 2 a : A bicistronic cell cycle reporter that allows Cre mediated tissue speci fi c expression in mice

A bicistronic cell cycle reporter that allows Cre mediated tissue specific expression in mice' Cell Cycle, vol 13, General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the " Content ") contained in the publications on our platform. Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Versions of published Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open articles and Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open Select articles posted to institutional or subject repositories or any other third-party website are without warranty from Taylor & Francis of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Any opinions and views expressed in this article are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor & Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. It is essential that you check the license status of any given Open and Open Select article to confirm conditions of access and use. Markers of cell cycle stage allow estimation of cell cycle dynamics in cell culture and during embryonic development. The Fucci system incorporates genetically encoded probes that highlight G1 and S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle allowing live imaging. However the available mouse models that incorporate Fucci are beset by problems with transgene inactivation, varying expression level, lack …
Re-conceptualising agency in migrant children from Central America and Mexico

ABSTRACT With child migration on the rise, there is a critical need to understand how migrant children express their agency. To date, popular narratives cast migrant children as either victims or criminals, an unhelpful binary that does little to further efforts to develop effective interventions to help migrant youth. Drawing from 32 in-depth interviews and participatory activities with Mexican and Central American children in Mexican youth immigration detention centres, this paper seeks to reconceptualise current understandings of migrant children’s agency. In this paper, we explore how youth express their motivations, assert their will, develop pragmatic dependencies, employ strategic parroting and guard information to achieve their goals. We also examine how state and non-state actors both support and suppress young people’s agency as they try to navigate their way to the U.S./Mexico border. In doing so, we argue for a more nuanced approach to child migrants’ agency. A non-binary approach recognises the development of agency as a process, embracing children and young people’s rights and vulnerabilities, while acknowledging their resiliencies, competencies, goals and strengths. We conclude by proposing a transdisciplinary research agenda to promote this non-binary approach.
Detection of the BL Lacertae Object H1426+428 at TeV Gamma-Ray Energies

A very high energy γ-ray signal has been detected at the 5.5 σ level from H1426+428, an X-ray-selected BL Lacertae object at a redshift of 0.129. The object was monitored from 1995 to 1998 with the Whipple 10 m imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescope as part of a general blazar survey; the results of these observations, although not statistically significant, were consistently positive. X-ray observations of H1426+428 during 1999 with the BeppoSAX instrument revealed that the peak of its synchrotron spectrum occurs at greater than 100 keV, leading to the prediction of observable TeV emission from this object. H1426+428 was monitored extensively at the Whipple Observatory during the 1999, 2000, and 2001 observing seasons. The strongest TeV signals were detected in 2000 and 2001. During 2001, an integral flux of 2.04 ± 0.35 × 10-11 cm-2 s-1 above 280 GeV was recorded from H1426+428. The detection of H1426+428 supports the idea that, as also seen in Mrk 501 and 1ES 2344+514, BL Lacertae objects with extremely high synchrotron peak frequencies produce γ-rays in the TeV range.
Depletion of Histone Demethylase Jarid1A Resulting in Histone Hyperacetylation and Radiation Sensitivity Does Not Affect DNA Double-Strand Break Repair

Histone demethylases have recently gained interest as potential targets in cancer treatment and several histone demethylases have been implicated in the DNA damage response. We investigated the effects of siRNA-mediated depletion of histone demethylase Jarid1A (KDM5A, RBP2), which demethylates transcription activating tri- and dimethylated lysine 4 at histone H3 (H3K4me3/me2), on growth characteristics and cellular response to radiation in several cancer cell lines. In unirradiated cells Jarid1A depletion lead to histone hyperacetylation while not affecting cell growth. In irradiated cells, depletion of Jarid1A significantly increased cellular radiosensitivity. Unexpectedly, the hyperacetylation phenotype did not lead to disturbed accumulation of DNA damage response and repair factors 53BP1, BRCA1, or Rad51 at damage sites, nor did it influence resolution of radiation-induced foci or rejoining of reporter constructs. We conclude that the radiation sensitivity observed following depletion of Jarid1A is not caused by a deficiency in repair of DNA double-strand breaks.
Similarity Based Distributed Context Reasoning with Layer Context Modeling

Context-awareness service is one of the key features in ubiquitous computing system. In heterogeneous pervasive computing environment, effective context modeling and reasoning are important to enable the collaboration and distributed reasoning among the agents. The effectiveness of the previous approaches for distributed reasoning significantly degrades when a large number of agents are involved. In order to solve this problem we propose a layered context model efficiently facilitating distributed reasoning. We also propose similarity-based context reasoning which takes the correlation of context models into account. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified by computer simulation, which shows that the trust of reasoning outcome is greatly enhanced.
Relationship quality, well-being and, externalizing problems: The prospective importance of behavior profiles among young women who experienced care in special residential homes

Abstract This study examined the adjustment of a sample of adolescent girls and young women (N = 228) who were in compulsory care in Sweden between 1999 and 2000. Using person-oriented analyses, participants’ responses to the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis Instrument (Friedman & Utada, 1989; ADAD) at intake yielded five externalizing problem configurations. The main analyses focused on examining whether problem configuration at intake was important to participants’ adjustment at a four-year follow-up. Overall, results indicated that problem configuration can be important to later adjustment (less life satisfaction, more drug use, and problems controlling violent behavior), particularly if the problem configuration involves multiple problems at elevated levels and/or drug use. The implications of the study results are discussed in light of efforts to improve the tailoring of care and treatment for diverse youth who experience multiple problems.
Response of Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Altruistic Behavior

Human beings have an unusual proclivity for altruistic behavior, and recent commentators have suggested that these prosocial tendencies arise from our unique capacity to understand the minds of others (i.e., to mentalize). The current studies test this hypothesis by examining the relation between altruistic behavior and the reflexive engagement of a neural system reliably associated with mentalizing. Results indicated that activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—a region consistently involved in understanding others' mental states—predicts both monetary donations to others and time spent helping others. These findings address long-standing questions about the proximate source of human altruism by suggesting that prosocial behavior results, in part, from our broader tendency for social-cognitive thought.
INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND PERSONALITY

The increasing use of internet for economic and societal sustenance, along with adolescents’ exposure and encouragement towards being computer inclined has necessitated the need to investigate the extent and contributions of personality traits on internet addictions among male and female adolescents separately. Using the expo-factor design, 300 adolescents (male = 165; female = 135) whose age ranges from 16 to 21 (Mean = 20.52; SD = 2.49) were selected from a State University in Nigeria. Administering the Big Five Inventory and Internet Addiction Test, 5 hypotheses were tested. The findings revealed that internet addiction decreases with increase in agreeableness (R 2 = .16, β = -.40, p .05); female-(R 2 = .20, β = .12, p> .05)], with more variance contributed by male compared to female adolescents. The society and concerned care giver should consider adolescents with these personality factors and provide the required support and control as regard utilization of the internet.