Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Problems Encountered by the Foreign Primary School Students from the Perspectives of Classroom Teachers (Bilecik Sampling)

Millions of people all over the world today leave or have to leave their countries and move to other countries as immigrants, refugees, asylums, etc. due to various reasons. According to a report by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), about 60 million people were forced to leave their homes and worldwide displacement due to wars, conflicts and persecutions is at the highest level. Turkey is one of the most important countries which has been following a policy of opening its doors to those who have had to leave their countries due to such problems as war, economic problems, political problems, etc. in their own countries. Today, there are millions of people from other countries in the country, which also means that there are thousands of foreign students in many primary schools in the country. However, this situation has brought many problems for the foreign students, Turkish students, teachers and school administrators. The aim of this study is to identify the general and educational problems encountered by the foreign primary school students from the perspectives of the classroom teachers in Bilecik. As the study aims at examining the problems in detail depending on the views of the teachers and to bring about recommendations within the scope of those views, phenomenological research design in quantitative approaches was adopted. The data of the study were gathered from 33 classroom teachers in four primary schools in the province with semi-structured interviews. For the analysis of the data, content analysis was conducted. As a result of the interview with the classroom teachers, the findings were categorized under seven themes and sub-themes related to the main ones. According to the findings of the study, the foreign students encounter language, cultural, economic, politic, social, physiological problems and the problems in teaching-learning process.
On the requirements on models and simulator design for integrated VANET Simulation

Wireless communication can reduce risks for collision between vehicles by the exchange of kinematic data. Vehicular safety applications based on such information sharing must be tested before it is deployed in real world. For this purpose simulation is a valuable complement to expensive outdoor experiments. Analysis of VANET applications requires that both a vehicle motion and a data network simulator can be used at the same time, feeding simulation data to each other. Tools exist for this purpose but most of them have problem with their integration. This article discusses how to simulate vehicular networks influenced by micro level vehicle motion and macro level traffic flow pattern models to analyze its effect on wireless communication. We discus the shortcomings of current VANET simulators and then provide recommendations for how to perform useful VANET simulations.
Réactions des bébés au chant et à la parole : impacts sur l’attention et l’affect

3 Table des matières. 5 Liste des tableaux . 7 Liste des figures . 8 Liste des sigles et abréviations . 9 Remerciements . 11 Chapitre I : Contexte théorique. 13
Impact of an Altered PROX1 Expression on Clinicopathology, Prognosis and Progression in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The transcription factor PROX1 (prospero homeobox 1) has a critical role in the development of various organs, and has been implicated in both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions in human cancers. However, the role of PROX1 in the development of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has not yet been studied. Here, we reported that PROX1 expression was decreased in human RCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. In RCC tissues, however, poorly differentiated RCC expressed higher PROX1 levels compared with well-differentiated RCC. In addition, the PROX1 immunostaining levels were positively correlated with tumor nuclear grade and lymph node metastasis. Further, high PROX1 expression indicated poor survival for patients. These findings imply that in the different developmental stages of RCC, PROX1 may exert distinct functions according to the specific microenvironment of tumor. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that PROX1 overexpression enhanced the proliferation and migration of RCC cells; conversely, PROX1 depletion by siRNA attenuated the proliferation and migration of RCC cells. Collectively, these observations suggest that PROX1 plays an important role in RCC development and progression, and PROX1 may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of RCC.
Pan-Neuronal Knockdown of Calcineurin Reduces Sleep in the Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Sleep is a unique physiological state, which is behaviorally defined, and is broadly conserved across species from mammals to invertebrates such as insects. Because of the experimental accessibility provided by various novel animal models including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, there have been significant advances in the understanding of sleep. Although the physiological functions of sleep have not been fully elucidated, accumulating evidence indicates that sleep is necessary to maintain the plasticity of neuronal circuits and, hence, is essential in learning and memory. Calcineurin (Cn) is a heterodimeric phosphatase composed of CnA and CnB subunits and known to function in memory consolidation in the mammalian brain, but its neurological functions in the fruit fly are largely unknown. Here, we show that Cn is an important regulator of sleep in Drosophila. A pan-neuronal RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Cn expression resulted in sleep loss, whereas misexpression of the constitutively active form of a CnA protein led to increased sleep. Furthermore, CnA knockdown also impaired the retention of aversive olfactory memory. These results indicate a role for Cn and calcium-dependent signal transduction in sleep and memory regulation and may bring insight into the relationship between them.
A Markovian Dependability Model with Cascading Failures

We develop a continuous-time Markov chain model of a dependability system operating in a randomly changing environment and subject to probabilistic cascading failures. A cascading failure can be thought of as a rooted tree. The root is the component whose failure triggers the cascade, its children are those components that the root's failure immediately caused, the next generation are those components whose failures were immediately caused by the failures of the root's children, and so on. The amount of cascading is unlimited. We consider probabilistic cascading in the sense that the failure of a component of type i causes a component of type j to fail simultaneously with a given probability, with all failures in a cascade being mutually independent. Computing the infinitesimal generator matrix of the Markov chain poses significant challenges because of the exponential growth in the number of trees one needs to consider as the number of components failing in the cascade increases. We provide a recursive algorithm generating all possible trees corresponding to a given transition, along with an experimental study of an implementation of the algorithm on two examples. The numerical results highlight the effects of cascading on the dependability of the models.
Multiple Sclerosis State of the Art (SMART): A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Therapy's Adherence, Hospital Reliability's Perception, and Services Provided Quality

The purpose of this study was to assess the adherence to therapy in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) and to analyze the possible influence of factors such as hospital care and patients socioeconomic status. Two hundred eighty-five patients with RR-MS according to Mc Donald's criteria and naïve disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) naïve were enrolled. Two self-administered questionnaires addressing the management of patients at therapy prescription and the personal perception of the daily life changes caused by DMDs were administered at months 3 and 12. Full adherence, considered as correct use of the therapy prescribed, was observed in a very high percentage of subjects (97.3% and 93.9% at 3 and 12 months). The main cause for reduced adherence was single dose forgetfulness, followed by anxiety, pain at the injection site, and tiredness of “doing all injections. ” Nurses and neurologists of MS Center were identified as the major resource in coping with the disease at 3 and 12 months by patients. The neurologist was the health professional involved in MS management in 95% of cases and the nurse appeared to play a central role in patient training and drug administration management (50.3%).
Dishonest individuals request more frequent mate retention from friends

Coalitional mate retention (CMR) occurs when individuals request assistance from a friend to minimize the risk of partner infidelity. We secured reports from men and women in a committed, heterosexual relationship to investigate associations between CMR requests and the sex and personality traits of individuals who request CMR and the sex of their friends. Consistent with our hypothesis, individuals scoring higher in Honesty–Humility requested CMR less frequently. We also documented that individuals higher in Extraversion and lower in Conscientiousness requested CMR more frequently. We address limitations of the research and future research directions, including tests of the hypothesis that CMR involves duplicitous behaviors that are less typical of individual mate retention.
Interpreting the transmission windows of distant quasars

We propose the apparent shrinking criterion (ASC) to interpret the spatial extent, R W , of transmitted flux windows in the absorption spectra of high-z quasars. The ASC can discriminate between the two regimes in which R w corresponds either to the physical size, R HII , of the quasar H II region or to the distance, R max W , at which the transmitted flux drops to =0.1 and a Gunn-Peterson (GP) trough appears. In the first case [H II region (HR) regime], one can determine the intergalactic medium mean H I fraction, x HI ; it the second [proximity region (PR) regime], the value of R W allows one to measure the local photoionization rate and the local enhancement of the photoionization rate, Γ G , due to nearby/intervening galaxies. The ASC has been tested against radiative transfer+smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical simulations, and applied to a sample of 15 high-z (z > 5.8) quasar spectra. All sample quasars are found to be in the PR regime; hence, their observed spectral properties (inner flux profile, extent of transmission window) cannot reliably constrain the value of x HI . Four sample quasars show evidence for a local enhancement (up to 50 per cent) in the local photoionization rate possibly produced by a galaxy overdensity. We discuss the possible interpretations and uncertainties of this result.
Energetics of Semienclosed Basins with Two-Layer Flows at the Strait

Examination of the energy budget for semienclosed seas with two-layer exchange flow at the strait shows that the energy flux at the open portion of the boundary (the strait) is proportional to the surface buoyancy fluxintegratedoverthebasinarea,withtheconstantofproportionalitygivenbytheinterfacedepth.Whenthe surface buoyancy flux is positive, the energy flux is negative: these types of basins have an estuarine circulation. Antiestuarine basins have a negative surface buoyancy flux, which provides a positive energy flux, augmenting the wind work in powering the circulation. The energy budget for the semienclosed seas with vertically separated flows at the strait is examined using reanalysis products for four major semienclosed basins: the Mediterranean and Red Seas (antiestuarine) and the Black and Baltic Seas (estuarine). Important differencesintherelativecontributiontotheenergybudgetofthewindworkversusthesurfacebuoyancyflux are found within basins of the same type, and these differences help explain some qualitative aspects of the basins’ flow.
The redshift dependence of the structure of massive Λ cold dark matter haloes

We use two very large cosmological simulations to study how the density profiles of relaxedCDM dark halos depend on redshift and on halo mass. We confirm that these profiles deviate slightly but systematically from the NFW form and are better approximated by the empirical formula, dlog ρ/dlog r ∝ r � , first used by Einasto to fit star counts in the Milky Way. The best-fit value of the additional shape parameter, α, increases gradually with mass, from α ∼ 0.16 for present-day galaxy halos to α ∼ 0.3 for the rarest and most massive clusters. Halo concentrations depend only weakly on mass at z = 0, and this dependence weakens further at earlier times. At z ∼ 3 the average concentration of relaxed halos does not vary appreciably over the mass range accessible to our simulations (M ∼3×10 11 h −1 M⊙). Furthermore, in our biggest simulation, the average concentration of the most massive, relaxed halos is constant at h c200i ∼ 3.5 to 4 for 0 ≤ z ≤ 3. These results agree well with those of Zhao et al (2003b) and support the idea that halo densities reflect the density of the universe at the time they formed, as proposed by Navarro, Frenk & White (1997). With their original parameters, the NFW prescription overpredicts halo concentrations at high redshift. This shortcoming can be reduced by modifying the definition of halo formation time, although the evolution of the concentrations of Milky Way mass halos is still not reproduced well. In contrast, the much-used revisions of the NFW prescription by Bullock et al. (2001) and Eke, Navarro & Steinmetz (2001) predict a steeper drop in concentration at the highest masses and stronger evolution with redshift than are compatible with our numerical data. Modifying the parameters of these models can reduce the discrepancy at high masses, but the overly rapid redshift evolution remains. These results have important implications for currently planned surveys of distant clusters.
User Assessment of E-negotiation Support Systems : A Confirmatory Study ∗

A study of over 2000 students and professionals who used the Inspire e-negotiation system led Vetschera, Kersten and Koeszegi (2006) to the formulation of an assessment model for Internet-based systems (AMIS). The model was used to determine factors leading to a high user acceptance of the technology exemplified by Inspire. This paper presents a follow up study that aims at the verification of AMIS and the empirical results. The focus is on the verification of the users’ assessment of the system influence on their intention to use a system, their clear distinction between the two main facilities of Inspire: the communication platform and the analytical tools, and the cultural differences in the system assessment. The dataset used in this study is extracted from over 5,000 cases and additional information is included from the negotiation transcripts. ∗ This research is supported by grants from the Initiative for New Economy of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada, and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada.
Is the association between irritable bowel syndrome and abuse explained by neuroticism? A population based study

Background—In outpatients and the community, an association between abuse (particularly sexual abuse) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been observed, but whether there is a causal link continues to be disputed. Aims—To test the hypothesis that psychological factors explain the apparent association between abuse and IBS. Methods—A sample of residents of Penrith (a Sydney suburb sociodemographically similar to the Australian population) selected randomly from the electoral rolls (that by law include the entire population of age 18 years and above) was mailed a validated self report questionnaire. Measured were gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including the Rome criteria for IBS, abuse (including the standardised Drossman questions), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire), and psychological morbidity (General Health Questionnaire). Results—The response rate was 64% (n=730); 12% fulfilled the Rome criteria for IBS. Overall abuse in childhood (odds ratio (OR)=2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 3.15) but not adulthood (OR=1.39, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.19) was associazted with IBS univariately. Neuroticism and psychological morbidity were also univariately associated with abuse in childhood, abuse in adulthood, and IBS, respectively. However, by logistic regression, abuse in childhood was not associated with IBS after controlling for age, gender, and psychological factors (OR=1.34, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.17). The results were not altered by restricting the analyses to more severe forms of abuse, and were not explained by interactions between abuse and psychological variables. Conclusion—There is an association between abuse and IBS in the community, but this may be explained in part by other psychological factors. Based on a path analysis, we postulate that abuse may induce the expression of neuroticism that in turn leads to IBS.
Real-time perception-level translation from audio signals to vibrotactile effects

In this paper, we propose a real-time perception-level audio-to-vibrotactile translation algorithm. Unlike previous signal-level conversion methods, our algorithm considers only perceptual characteristics, such as loudness and roughness, of audio and tactile stimuli. This perception-level approach allows for designing intuitive and explicit conversion models with clear understandings of their perceptual consequences. Our current implementation is tailored to accurate detection of special sound effects to provide well-synchronized audio-tactile feedback in immersive applications. We also assessed the performance of our translation algorithm in terms of the detection rate of special sound effects, computational performance, and user preference. All the experimental results supported that our algorithm works well as intended with better performance than the signal-level conversion methods, especially for games. Our algorithm can be easily realized in current products, including mobile devices, gaming devices, and 4D home theater systems, for richer user experience.
Personality change associated with chronic diseases: pooled analysis of four prospective cohort studies

Background Common chronic conditions, such as heart disease and cancer, are associated with increased psychological distress, functional limitations and shortened life expectancy, but whether these diseases alter aspects of personality remains unclear. Method To examine whether the onset of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, arthritis and respiratory disease is associated with subsequent changes in personality traits of the five-factor model, we pooled data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Midlife in the United States Survey, and the graduate and sibling samples of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study for an individual-participant meta-analysis (total n = 17 493; mean age at baseline 55.8 years). Results After adjustment for age, we observed consistent decreases in extraversion [−0.25 T-scores per one disease; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.40 to −0.10], emotional stability (−0.40, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.19), conscientiousness (−0.44, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.30) and openness to experience (−0.25, 95% CI −0.37 to −0.13) but not in agreeableness (−0.05, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.08) after the onset of chronic diseases. The onset of each additional chronic disease accelerated the average age-related personality change by 2.5 years in decreasing extraversion, 5.5 years in decreasing conscientiousness, and 1.6 years in decreasing openness to experience, and attenuated the increasing levels of emotional stability by 1.9 years. Co-morbid conditions were associated with larger changes than single diseases, suggesting a dose–response association between morbidity and personality change. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that chronic diseases influence personality development in adulthood.
Testing the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of Dementia Management Strategies Scale

Caregiving stress and burden are universal phenomena among family caregivers of people with dementia. Family caregivers who adopted adaptive management strategies in dementia care could alleviate their own distress and the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. An understanding about the management strategies used by these caregivers in caring for their relatives with dementia would be crucial to family services in dementia care. This study aimed to validate a Chinese version of Dementia Management Strategies Scale (DMSS) in family caregivers of Hong Kong Chinese people with dementia. Face and content validity, semantic equivalence, and test–retest reliability of the translated Chinese version of 34-item DMSS were examined. A random sample of 211 family caregivers and their relatives with dementia were then recruited to identify the factor structure of the Chinese version by exploratory factor analysis followed by varimax rotation and assess its internal consistency. Reproductibility and responsiveness of the scale to changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms were also examined over a 6-month interval. Results indicated that the Chinese version of DMSS indicated very satisfactory content validity, semantic equivalence with the original English version, and test–retest reliability. Factor analysis showed that 32 items of the Chinese version had substantial loadings on one of the three identified factors (“Criticism toward older relative”, “Showing encouragement”, and “Active management strategies”), explaining 72.4% of the total variance. The three-factor Chinese version also indicated good internal consistency of its three subscales (Cronbach’s α=0.86–0.90) and satisfactory reproducibility over 6 months (intraclass correlation coefficients =0.85–0.89). Furthermore, the Chinese version demonstrated moderate effect sizes for detecting changes in symptom severity of dementia (Cohen’s d=0.50–0.60). This study provides evidence on the sound psychometric properties of the Chinese version of DMSS to measure the levels of management strategies in family caregivers of people with dementia.
The development of clinical research in CRC.

Carcinoma of the colon and the rectum (colorectal cancer) is one of the most common tumor types in the Western world (worldwide it is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignant disease). Colorectal cancer represents a heterogeneous group of disease that are different for aetiology, incidence, anatomopathological characteristics, clinical history, treatment and prognosis. Until 15–20 years ago the treatment of this kind of cancer was very difficult due to the lack of available therapies and the poor efficacy of the same. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) administered in several schedules since its introduction in 1957 continues to be an integral part of standard first-line therapy for colorectal cancer. Continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion appears to yield improved response rate and overall survival, with fewer adverse effects compared with i.v. bolus dosing. The detection of new cytotoxic drugs and treatment regimens, the development of new combination schedules and, above all, of integrate therapy strategies allowed a significant improvement in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The recent improvement in molecular biology and the consequently development of drugs oriented to biological target seems to be able to reach further goals in gastrointestinal cancer therapy. The goal of this article is to review newer cytotoxic treatments and biological agents employed for the systemic treatment of colorectal cancer.