Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1 Recognizing Human-object Interactions in Still Images by Modeling the Mutual Context of Objects and Human Poses

—Detecting objects in cluttered scenes and estimating articulated human body parts from 2D images are two challenging problems in computer vision. The difficulty is particularly pronounced in activities involving human-object interactions (e.g. playing tennis), where the relevant objects tend to be small or only partially visible, and the human body parts are often self-occluded. We observe, however, that objects and human poses can serve as mutual context to each other – recognizing one facilitates the recognition of the other. In this paper we propose a mutual context model to jointly model objects and human poses in human-object interaction activities. In our approach, object detection provides a strong prior for better human pose estimation, while human pose estimation improves the accuracy of detecting the objects that interact with the human. On a six-class sports dataset and a 24-class people interacting with musical instruments dataset, we show that our mutual context model outperforms state-of-the-art in detecting very difficult objects and estimating human poses, as well as classifying human-object interaction activities.
Strategies to Elicit and Analyze Relational Family Data

Within the paradigm of qualitative methods of inquiry and data analysis are interesting avenues to address the complex task of capturing the family’s experience from a transactional viewpoint. The purposes of this article are to identify strategies for creating family-based data as well as to offer a theoretical discussion of how data analysis can attend to and enhance the knowledge base of the family experience. This discussion will be anchored within the description of an ongoing research study involving the examination of the process of parent-infant attachment. In this research, the processes of maternal and paternal attachments to their infants are regarded as co-constructed phenomena within the family environment. In this context, conceptualization of family interactional variables, strategies to elicit these variables, and paths to qualitative analysis of the data are presented.
Hepatitis E seroprevalence among blood donors: A pilot study from Western India

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is emerging as a potential threat to blood safety after several cases of transmission by transfusion or transplantation have been described. Currently, blood donors in India are not screened for HEV. The studies conducted on HEV in recent times in India have focused on epidemiology and future perspectives, but there is no published study on blood donors. To address possible issues surrounding blood safety and risk of HEV transmission within the Indian blood supply, HEV seroprevalence study was conducted in blood donors at our center. Materials and Methods: A total of 460 male voluntary blood donors were selected for the study and after taking their written consent. Serum anti-HEV IgM was detected by Dia.Pro HEV kit (Diagnostic Bioprobes Srl, Milano, Italy). Results: The study population was composed of 460 male voluntary blood donors and their age ranged from 18 to 60 years with a mean age of 30.48 years. Out of 460 donors, 22 (4.78%) donors were tested positive for IgM anti-HEV and the mean value alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 26.06 IU/L, the highest being 93.5 IU/L. Normal reference value of ALT in our center was 40 IU/L. Out of 22 anti-HEV positive donors, 19 (86.36%) had ALT values above 40 IU/L. Conclusion: HEV seroprevalence of 4.78% in our center. Though reports of HEV transmission through blood has been reported from various parts of the world, before making it as a mandatory screening test among blood donors in India, further studies with confirmatory assay of HEV need to be done.
Physical Place and Cyberplace: The Rise of Personalized Networking

Computer networks are social networks. Social affordances of computer-supported social networks - broader bandwidth, wireless portability, globalized connectivity, personalization - are fostering the movement from door-to-door and place-to-place communities to person-to-person and role-to-role communities. People connect in social networks rather than in communal groups. In-person and computer-mediated communication are integrated in communities characterized by personalized networking. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001.
An essential role for dendritic cells in vernal keratoconjunctivitis: analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy

CD4+ T helper type 2 cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), and antigen‐presenting cells are required for the cell activation. In this study, we aimed to survey the density, distribution, and morphology of dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with VKC by in vivo confocal microscopy.
Distribution of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Urocortin 1 in the Vole Brain

Brain receptor patterns for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, are dramatically different between monogamous and promiscuous vole species, and CRF physiologically regulates pair bonding behavior in the monogamous prairie vole. However, it is uncertain whether species differences also exist in the neuroanatomical distribution of the endogenous ligands for the CRF1 and CRF2 receptors, such as CRF and urocortin-1 (Ucn1). We compared the expression of CRF and Ucn1 in four vole species, monogamous prairie and pine voles, and promiscuous meadow and montane voles, using in situ hybridization of CRF and Ucn1 mRNA. Our results reveal that CRF mRNA expression patterns in all four vole species appear highly conserved throughout the brain, including the olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area, central amygdala, hippocampus, posterior thalamus, and cerebellum. Similarly, Ucn1 mRNA primarily localized to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in all four vole species. Immunocytochemistry in prairie and meadow voles confirmed localization of CRF and Ucn1 protein to these previously identified brain regions. These data demonstrate a striking dichotomy between the extraordinary species diversity of brain receptor patterns when compared to the highly conserved brain distributions of their respective ligands. Our findings generate novel hypotheses regarding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the neural circuitry of species-typical social behaviors.
Gender differences in brain development in Chinese children and adolescents: a structural MRI study

Using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), this study systematically investigated gender differences in brain development through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in 158 Chinese normal children and adolescents aged 7.26 to 22.80 years (mean age 15.03±4.70 years, 78 boys and 80 girls). Gender groups were matched for measures of age, handedness, education level. The customized brain templates, including T1-weighted image and gray matter (GM)/white matter (WM)/cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) prior probability maps, were created from all participants. Results showed that the total intracranial volume (TIV), global absolute GM and global WM volume in girls were significantly smaller than those in boys. The hippocampus grew faster in girls than that in boys, but the amygdala grew faster in boys than that in girls. The rate of regional GM decreases with age was steeper in the left superior parietal lobule, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, left precuneus, and bilateral supramarginal gyrus in boys compared to girls, which was possibly related to better spatial processing ability in boys. Regional GM volumes were greater in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus in girls. Regional WM volumes were greater in the left temporal lobe, right inferior parietal and bilateral middle frontal gyrus in girls. The gender differences in the temporal and frontal lobe maybe be related to better language ability in girls. These findings may aid in understanding the differences in cognitive function between boys and girls.
Forward Guidance, Monetary Policy Uncertainty, and the Term Premium

We examine the macroeconomic and term-premia implications of monetary policy uncertainty shocks. Using Eurodollar options, we employ the VIX methodology to measure implied volatility about future short-term interest rates at various horizons. We identify monetary policy uncertainty shocks using the unexpected changes in this term structure of implied volatility around monetary policy announcements. {{p}} Two principal components succinctly characterize these changes around policy announcements, which have the interpretation as shocks to the level and slope of the term structure of implied interest rate volatility. We find that an unexpected decline in the slope of implied volatility lowers term premia in longer-term bond yields and leads to higher economic activity and inflation. {{p}} Our results suggest that forward guidance about future monetary policy can materially affect bond market term premia, even without large-scale asset purchases.
Essential Role of Apelin Signaling During Lymphatic Development in Zebrafish

Objective—Apelin and its cognate receptor Aplnr/Apj are essential for diverse biological processes. However, the function of Apelin signaling in lymphatic development remains to be identified, despite the preferential expression of Apelin and Aplnr within developing blood and lymphatic endothelial cells in vertebrates. In this report, we aim to delineate the functions of Apelin signaling during lymphatic development. Approach and Results—We investigated the functions of Apelin signaling during lymphatic development using zebrafish embryos and found that attenuation of Apelin signaling substantially decreased the formation of the parachordal vessel and the number of lymphatic endothelial cells within the developing thoracic duct, indicating an essential role of Apelin signaling during the early phase of lymphatic development. Mechanistically, we found that abrogation of Apelin signaling selectively attenuates lymphatic endothelial serine–threonine kinase Akt 1/2 phosphorylation without affecting the phosphorylation status of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2. Moreover, lymphatic abnormalities caused by the reduction of Apelin signaling were significantly exacerbated by the concomitant partial inhibition of serine–threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B signaling. Apelin and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) signaling provide a nonredundant activation of serine–threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B during lymphatic development because overexpression of VEGF-C or apelin was unable to rescue the lymphatic defects caused by the lack of Apelin or VEGF-C, respectively. Conclusions—Taken together, our data present compelling evidence suggesting that Apelin signaling regulates lymphatic development by promoting serine–threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B activity in a VEGF-C/VEGF receptor 3–independent manner during zebrafish embryogenesis.
A Study of Four School-Ability Tests

Three areas of the city of Minneapolis were cho sen for testing: a "high", a "middle", and a "low" socio-economic status community. The original sample was drawn from specified areas and con tained children in each of grades 2, 4, and 7 with in a given area. It was decided beforehand that no pick-up testing would be done on absentees, so any child not taking all tests on the specified test days was dropped from the study. Table 1 shows the numbers involved in each category.
The influence of decision-making styles on early adolescents’ life satisfaction

In this study, I examined decision-making styles and satisfaction in different life domains in early adolescence, and the influence of gender difference in relation to making decisions. The Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1994) and the Adolescent Decision-making Scale (Mann, Harmoni, & Power, 1989) were completed by 918 early adolescents (432 girls, 486 boys) who were students at a school in a city in southern Turkey. Some gender differences regarding satisfaction with various life domains and decision-making styles were noted. It was found that, with the exception of the panic style, decision-making styles are predictors of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to previous research. Finally, study limitations and possible directions for further research are outlined.
The Police and Public Opinion in Britain

This article examines opinion about the police in Britain. Surveys of opinion about the police have become integral to the assessment of agency performance there. Central government policy calls for the development of a “customer orientation” among police forces, and national and local surveys could play a significant role in monitoring this shift toward greater police accountability to the public. Surveys in Britain have documented dramatic shifts in public satisfaction with policing and detailed data on specific sources of discontent about their performance. They have also examined popular assessments of what the police should be focusing their attention on, as a guide to setting police priorities. This article reviews these trends and the implications of the findings for policing.
Genome Analysis Suggests that the Soil Oligotrophic Bacterium Agromonas oligotrophica (Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum) Is a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Aeschynomene indica

ABSTRACT Agromonas oligotrophica (Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum) S58T is a nitrogen-fixing oligotrophic bacterium isolated from paddy field soil that is able to grow in extra-low-nutrient environments. Here, the complete genome sequence of S58 was determined. The S58 genome was found to comprise a circular chromosome of 8,264,165 bp with an average GC content of 65.1% lacking nodABC genes and the typical symbiosis island. The genome showed a high level of similarity to the genomes of Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278 and Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1, including nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis gene clusters, which nodulate an aquatic legume plant, Aeschynomene indica, in a Nod factor-independent manner. Although nonsymbiotic (brady)rhizobia are significant components of rhizobial populations in soil, we found that most genes important for nodule development (ndv) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (nif and fix) with A. indica were well conserved between the ORS278 and S58 genomes. Therefore, we performed inoculation experiments with five A. oligotrophica strains (S58, S42, S55, S72, and S80). Surprisingly, all five strains of A. oligotrophica formed effective nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots and/or stems of A. indica, with differentiated bacteroids. Nonsymbiotic (brady)rhizobia are known to be significant components of rhizobial populations without a symbiosis island or symbiotic plasmids in soil, but the present results indicate that soil-dwelling A. oligotrophica generally possesses the ability to establish symbiosis with A. indica. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Nod factor-independent symbiosis with A. indica is a common trait of nodABC- and symbiosis island-lacking strains within the members of the photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium clade, including A. oligotrophica.
Overexpression of Mcl-1 confers resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitors alone and in combination with MEK1/2 inhibitors in melanoma

Melanoma harboring BRAF mutations frequently develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors, limiting the impact of treatment. Here, we establish a mechanism of resistance and subsequently identified a suitable drug combination to overcome the resistance. Single treatment of BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines with vemurafenib or dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitors) alone or in combination with trametinib (MEK1/2 inhibitor) resulted in overexpression of Mcl-1. Overexpression of Mcl-1 in A375 and SK-MEL-28 by transfection completely blocked BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitor-mediated inhibition of cell survival and apoptosis. Melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibitors showed massive expression of Mcl-1 as compared to respective sensitive cell lines. Silencing of Mcl-1 using siRNA completely sensitized resistant melanoma cells to growth suppression and induction of apoptosis by BRAF inhibitors. In vivo, vemurafenib resistant A375 xenografts implanted in athymic nude mice showed substantial tumor growth inhibition when treated with a combination of vemurafenib and Mcl-1 inhibitor or siRNA. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses demonstrated enhanced expression of Mcl-1 and activation of ERK1/2 in vemurafenib-resistant tumors whereas level of Mcl-1 or p-ERK1/2 was diminished in the tumors of mice treated with either of the combination. Biopsied tumors from the patients treated with or resistant to BRAF inhibitors revealed overexpression of Mcl-1. These results suggest that the combination of BRAF inhibitors with Mcl-1 inhibitor may have therapeutic advantage to melanoma patients with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors alone or in combination with MEK1/2 inhibitors.
Anastomotic Stricture after Esophageal Atresia Repair: A Critical Review of Recent Literature

Abstract Anastomotic strictures (ASs) complicate the postoperative course of roughly one-third of all patients with esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula. Its development is multifactorial, but is due in part to tension on the anastomosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the presence of a leak in the early postoperative period. Efforts at reducing the rate of AS have been largely unsuccessful, although meticulous technique and aggressive acid suppression remain the cornerstones of perioperative care. Once an AS has been confirmed, the first-line treatment remains a course of esophageal dilatation. Adjuncts to dilatation are frequently required, including steroid injection or the topical application of mitomycin C. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to promote one at the expense of the other. Esophageal stenting has recently been added to the algorithm of treatment, although additional literature is required to confirm its safety and efficacy. Finally, stricture resection followed by primary esophageal anastomosis or, rarely, esophageal replacement with an interposition graft remain options for AS refractory to all other forms of treatment.
Single Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Genetically Diverse HIV-1, SIVcpz, and SIVgor Strains

ABSTRACT Although antiretroviral treatment availability has improved, the virological monitoring of patients remains largely uneven across regions. In addition, viral quantification tests are suffering from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity, fueled by the emergence of new recombinants and of lentiviruses from nonhuman primates. We developed a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay that is relatively inexpensive and able to detect and quantify all circulating forms of HIV-1 and its simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) precursors, SIVcpz and SIVgor. Primers and a probe were designed to detect all variants of the HIV-1/SIVcpz/SIVgor lineage. HIV-1 M plasma (n = 190; 1.68 to 7.78 log10 copies/ml) representing eight subtypes, nine circulating recombinant forms, and 21 unique recombinant forms were tested. The mean PCR efficiency was 99%, with low coefficients of intra- and interassay variation (<5%) and a limit of quantification of <2.50 log10 copies/ml, with a 200-μl plasma volume. On the studied range, the specificity and the analytical sensitivity were 100 and 97.4%, respectively. The viral loads were highly correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001) with the reference method (generic HIV assay; Biocentric) and had no systematic difference, irrespective of genotype. Furthermore, 22 HIV-1 O plasmas were screened and were better quantified compared to the gold-standard RealTime HIV-1 assay (Abbott), including four samples that were only quantified by our assay. Finally, we could quantify SIVcpzPtt and SIVcpzPts from chimpanzee plasma (n = 5) and amplify SIVcpz and SIVgor from feces. Thus, the newly developed real-time RT-PCR assay detects and quantifies strains from the HIV-1/SIVcpz/SIVgor lineage, including a wide diversity of group M strains and HIV-1 O. It can therefore be useful in geographical areas of high HIV diversity and at risk for the emergence of new HIV variants.
Emergent Family Support Practices in a Context of Policy Churn: An Example from the Children's Fund

What might family support services look like in the reconfigured children and family services after the Children Act? This is the question this article attempts to explore by drawing on evidence from the National Evaluation of the Children's Fund in England. The article describes common features in two case-study sites that might indicate the direction in which some school-based family support work is going. In particular, the article explores the concepts of “supportive signposting” and “professional friends”. By examining the characteristics of real family support services, the article attempts to gain insight into the way “need”, “prevention” and “support” are defined in the constrained context of practice. By looking at the way local initiatives attempt to give meaning to these concepts in practice may also provide insights into the emergent integrated approach to children's services.
construction of gene cassette harboring HMW glutenin gene of wheat driven by γ-kafirin promoter of sorghum

Modern biological tools of genetic engineering and biotechnology can allow trans- fer of gene(s) across crop species. The r-DNA technology has tremendous potential to transfer bread making character of bread wheat into sorghum by transferring glutenin gene(s), which can improve the visico-elastic property of the sorghum flour/dough. These genes in addition to improving quality can significantly contribute to improve the nutritional status by the addition of more protein fractions also. In the simplest approach, new HMW gluten loci may be created via transformation to bioengineer sorghum quality. For this, amplified γ-kafirin promoter (574 bp) was subcloned in pCAMBIA1304 by replacing CaMV35S promoter (ca. 800 bp) of the gus reporter gene resulting in vector pkaf-gus, where the expression of gus reporter gene is under the control of γ-kafirin promoter. In order to construct a gene cassette where HMW glu gene(s) will be under the control of γ-kafirin gene promoter, kafirin promoter was first cloned in pUC19 and then HMW gene(s) were excised from their respective vectors and cloned under the control of promoter. Finally, two gene cassettes were developed as pKaf-Dx5 and pKaf-Dy10 where expression of the HMW glu gene Dx5 (8.7 kb) and Dy10 (6.4 kb) was driven by the γ-kafirin gene promoter. Both gene cassettes are ready to clone in any vector to bioengineer sorghum by genetic transformation