Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A coaxial-type accelerating system with amorphous material

In order to accelerate low-energy protons and heavy ions, a wide accelerating frequency range is necessary. Such applications of accelerating structures with an amorphous cores loaded cavity have been studied by several laboratories. A method of computation of the impedance of a coaxial cavity loaded with amorphous toroidal cores is described. It is shown what dominant role is played by the skin-effect in a core with a foliated structure. As a result of an analysis of the electric and magnetic field distribution, the cavity impedance is computed. The impedance depends on capacity and magnetic permeability, having real and imaginary parts. These depend on frequency, the sheet thickness, conductivity, and on the permeability of the material at zero frequency. It is important that this impedance can be stabilized in some frequency range. Applications of accelerating systems of this type are discussed in different cases. <<ETX>>
TTI-TR-2009-1 Zero-Shot Domain Adaptation : A MultiView Approach

Domain adaptation algorithms attempt to address situations where our training (source) data distribution and test (target) data distribution differ, potentially by a substantial amount. For example, in a natural language processing task there may be many important phrases in our target genre which are required for low target error but do not occur in our source training set or even have support under the source domain’s distribution. This work provides a domain adaptation algorithm, which (provably) permits zero-shot learning — by this, we mean learning an accurate classifier on our target domain with only labeled data from our source domains (and no labeled data on the target domain). Furthermore, we give finite sample error bounds, showing how this zero-shot learning is possible even in the aforementioned NLP example. The key intuition we formalize is how to use these novel target-specific features via their correlation with those features that are present in both the source and target domains (this learning may be done with unlabeled data). Our experiments demonstrate the robust success of our algorithm for a variety of domain adaptation tasks on product review rating prediction across multiple product types.
Clonidine and glucagon stimulation for testing growth hormone secretion in children and adolescents: Can we make it with fewer samples?

Background: Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the possibility to reduce the number of GH analyses during clonidine and glucagon tests without compromising accuracy. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and forty-five tests were performed in a total of 188 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.93±2.88 yr in a single center during the last 5 yr. Results: Ninety-one out of 158 (57.59%) clonidine tests and 47/87 (54.02%) glucagon tests had at least one sample >10 µg/l (negative). For clonidine tests, not measuring GH at 30 min would have resulted in only one negative test missed (0.63% false positive result), whereas not measuring GH both at 0 and 30 min would have increased the false positive percentage to 2.53%. Ending clonidine tests at 90 min would have resulted in 7 negative tests missed (4.43% false positive results). For glucagon tests, more than half of the tests peaked at 120 min (56.32%). Skipping sampling at 0, 60 and 180 min provided a false positive rate of 5.75%. Conclusions: For clonidine tests we can omit blood sampling at time points 0 and 30 min without significantly compromising accuracy.
Hopelessness and Suicidal Ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans Reporting Subthreshold and Threshold Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

We examined hopelessness and suicidal ideation in association with subthreshold and threshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans (U.S., N = 275) assessed within a specialty VA postdeployment health clinic. Veterans completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires at intake. The military version of the PTSD Checklist was used to determine PTSD levels (No PTSD; subthreshold PTSD; PTSD), and endorsement of hopelessness or suicidal ideation were used as markers of elevated suicide risk. Veterans were also asked if they received mental health treatment in the prior 6 months. Veterans reporting subthreshold PTSD were 3 times more likely to endorse these markers of elevated suicide risk relative to the Veterans without PTSD. We found no significant differences in likelihood of endorsing hopelessness or suicidal ideation comparing subthreshold and threshold PTSD groups, although the subthreshold PTSD group was less likely to report prior mental health treatment. Clinicians should be attentive to suicide risk in returned Veterans reporting both subthreshold and threshold PTSD.
Discriminative Manifold Learning Based Detection of Movement-Related Cortical Potentials

The detection of voluntary motor intention from EEG has been applied to closed-loop brain-computer interfacing (BCI). The movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) is a low frequency component of the EEG signal, which represents movement intention, preparation, and execution. In this study, we aim at detecting MRCPs from single-trial EEG traces. For this purpose, we propose a detector based on a discriminant manifold learning method, called locality sensitive discriminant analysis (LSDA), and we test it in both online and offline experiments with executed and imagined movements. The online and offline experimental results demonstrated that the proposed LSDA approach for MRCP detection outperformed the Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) approach, which was previously shown to be the most accurate algorithm so far tested for MRCP detection. For example, in the online tests, the performance of LSDA was superior than LPP in terms of a significant reduction in false positives (FP) (passive FP: 1.6 ±0.9/min versus 2.9 ±1.0/min, p = 0.002, active FP: 2.2 ±0.8/min versus 2.7 ±0.6/min, p = 0.03), for a similar rate of true positives. In conclusion, the proposed LSDA based MRCP detection method is superior to previous approaches and is promising for developing patient-driven BCI systems for motor function rehabilitation as well as for neuroscience research.
Onset and Progression in Inherited ALS Determined by Motor Neurons and Microglia

Dominant mutations in superoxide dismutase cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive paralytic disease characterized by loss of motor neurons. With the use of mice carrying a deletable mutant gene, expression within motor neurons was shown to be a primary determinant of disease onset and of an early phase of disease progression. Diminishing the mutant levels in microglia had little effect on the early disease phase but sharply slowed later disease progression. Onset and progression thus represent distinct disease phases defined by mutant action within different cell types to generate non–cell-autonomous killing of motor neurons; these findings validate therapies, including cell replacement, targeted to the non-neuronal cells.
Surgical Treatment of Distal Clavicle Fractures Using the Clavicular Hook Plate

From 1999 to 2003, 34 patients with unstable distal clavicular fractures (Neer Type 2) had surgery using the acromioclavicular titanium hook plate. To investigate the reliability of clavicular hook plate fixation and the effects of hook plates in the subacromial space, we retrospectively reviewed clinical results for pain, shoulder function, range of motion, and radiographic results. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores for shoulder disorders indicated good clinical results (mean, 98.3 points). All patients had radiographic bony union. Complications included plate displacement in one patient, acromion fracture caused by widening of the hook hole in one patient, and a rotator cuff tear caused by hook subacromial impingement in one patient. This plate fixation method is useful for treating unstable distal clavicular fracture. However, careful operative planning and familiarity with the technique are necessary to prevent complications including subacromial impingement, rotator cuff damage, acromion fracture, and hook cut-out. Care must be used when establishing the position of the hook hole, and it is best to remove the plate after bony union.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Application-Driven OAM Framework for Heterogeneous IoT Environments

We present a novel approach for providing a comprehensive operational picture of heterogeneous networks by collecting system information from physical, data-link, network and application layers using extended methods and mechanisms for OAM, which take into account particularities of persistent access heterogeneity and IoT. A heterogeneous OAM (H-OAM) framework is proposed with a toolset for streamlined failure detection and isolation, and automated performance measurement and monitoring. The framework combines extended standardized OAM toolsets for physical and data-link layers with multiple well-defined and recognized IP network layer toolsets, which introduces possibilities for a tactical view of the monitored system and quick root cause analysis with unified interpretation and cross-correlation of horizontal and vertical levels. A practical deployment of an H-OAM system is presented and its use is demonstrated in a live mobile IoT testbed environment where performance is a function of a wide variety of physical layer parameters that need to be tuned and monitored by the operator. Results of two concrete usage scenarios performed in cooperation with two largest Slovenian mobile operators demonstrate how continuity check and connectivity verification, and performance diagnostics are conducted for Web-based IoT applications and network services of a live operational environment.
Two Systems of Non-Symbolic Numerical Cognition

Studies of human adults, infants, and non-human animals demonstrate that non-symbolic numerical cognition is supported by at least two distinct cognitive systems: a “parallel individuation system” that encodes the numerical identity of individual items and an “approximate number system” that encodes the approximate numerical magnitude, or numerosity, of a set. The exact nature and role of these systems, however, have been debated for over a 100-years. Some argue that the non-symbolic representation of small numbers (<4) is carried out solely by the parallel individuation system and the non-symbolic representation of large numbers (>4) is carried out solely by the approximate number system. Others argue that all numbers are represented by the approximate number system. This debate has been fueled largely by some studies showing dissociations between small and large number processing and other studies showing similar processing of small and large numbers. Recent work has addressed this debate by showing that the two systems are present and distinct from early infancy, persist despite the acquisition of a symbolic number system, activate distinct cortical networks, and engage differentially based attentional constraints. Based on the recent discoveries, I provide a hypothesis that may explain the puzzling findings and makes testable predictions as to when each system will be engaged. In particular, when items are presented under conditions that allow selection of individuals, they will be represented as distinct mental items through parallel individuation and not as a numerical magnitude. In contrast, when items are presented outside attentional limits (e.g., too many, too close together, under high attentional load), they will be represented as a single mental numerical magnitude and not as distinct mental items. These predictions provide a basis on which researchers can further investigate the role of each system in the development of uniquely human numerical thought.
Effect of substitution of groundnut with soybean meal at varying fish meal and protein levels on performance and egg quality of layer chickens

Two hundred and sixteen single comb white egg layers of the White Leghorn hens of 24 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 12 groups with three replications of six hens in each. Hens were fed in a factorial arrangement 2x3x2, on diets containing either 16 or 18% crude protein with 0, 3 or 6% fish meal, replacing groundnut meal with soybean meal. Soybean meal incorporation improved (p<0.05) egg production, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and egg weights. Egg quality traits of specific gravity, shape index, albumen index, yolk index and shell thickness remained unchanged. Laying performance was significantly (p<0.05) better at 18% than on 16% dietary protein level. Use of fish meal linearly improved egg production and feed conversion efficiency on diets supplemented with groundnut meal and fish meal incorporation showed quadratic improvement on feed conversion efficiency with SBM diets at 16% dietary protein level. Therefore, use of soybean meal as substitute of groundnut meal is recommended in layer diets, at 16% dietary protein level and fish meal incorporation could be beneficial for layers.
[Effect of nano ZrO2 on flexural strength and surface hardness of polymethylmethacrylate].

PURPOSE To study the effect of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA's) mechanical properties reinforced by nano ZrO(2) particles with different filling amounts. METHODS The nano ZrO(2) particles were surface-treated by silane coupling agent(Z-6030) in 1.5wt% ratio, the untreated particles were regarded as the control group. The modified nano ZrO(2) particles were mixed with the PMMA powders in proportion of 0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%,3% and 3.5%, respectively.Then the nano ZrO(2) /PMMA composites were synthesized. The specimens were examined by Vickers hardness test and three-point bending test, the surface of fracture was observed by SEM.All data were analyzed with ANOVA test by SAS 6.12 software package. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the silane coupling agent linked to the nano ZrO(2) particles' surface after treating,the Vickers hardness was highest when the adding amount of nano ZrO(2) particles was 1.5% and 2%(P<0.05). The flexural strength of nano ZrO(2)/PMMA composites in the proportion of 1.5% was the highest(P<0.05). SEM indicated that the ductile fracture existed on the surface of fracture. CONCLUSIONS The silane coupling agent can enhance the bonding strength of nano ZrO(2) particles and the PMMA matrix, the PMMA's mechanical properties could be improved by adding the nano ZrO(2) particle in an appropriate proportion. 1.5% and 2% of nano ZrO(2) particles render the nanocomposite the maximal Vickers hardness, while 1.5% ZrO(2) nanoparticles render the nanocomposite the maximal flexural strength.
ℋ∞ state feedback switched control for discrete time-varying polytopic systems

This article treats, in a new framework, a classical design problem, namely ℋ∞ state feedback switched control for discrete time-varying polytopic systems. The main goal is to jointly design a set of state feedback gains and a switching rule in order to assure a pre-specified ℋ∞ guaranteed level. The main contribution is to generalise switched system results to design a switched controller that does not require online measurements of the time-varying parameters. This property has important consequences mainly because the performance quality is preserved even in the lack of parameter information. Our conditions are based on modified Riccati–Metzler inequalities and are described in terms of linear matrix inequalities. An academical example compares the proposed technique with others from the literature.
On the role of tracking in stationary environments

It is often thought that learning algorithms that track the best solution, as opposed to converging to it, are important only on nonstationary problems. We present three results suggesting that this is not so. First we illustrate in a simple concrete example, the Black and White problem, that tracking can perform better than any converging algorithm on a stationary problem. Second, we show the same point on a larger, more realistic problem, an application of temporal difference learning to computer Go. Our third result suggests that tracking in stationary problems could be important for metalearning research (e.g., learning to learn, feature selection, transfer). We apply a metalearning algorithm for step-size adaptation, IDBD (Sutton, 1992a), to the Black and White problem, showing that meta-learning has a dramatic long-term effect on performance whereas, on an analogous converging problem, meta-learning has only a small second-order effect. This small result suggests a way of eventually overcoming a major obstacle to meta-learning research: the lack of an independent methodology for task selection.
Pinning-Controllability Analysis of Complex Networks: An M-Matrix Approach

This paper presents a systematic framework to analyze the global pinning-controllability of general complex networks with or without time-delay based on the properties of M-matrices and directed spanning trees. Some stability criteria are established to guarantee that a network can be globally asymptotically pinned to a homogenous state. By partitioning the interaction diagraph into a minimum number of components, a selective pinning scheme for a complex network with arbitrary topology is proposed to determine the number and the locations of the pinned nodes. In particular, this paper deeply investigates the roles of network nodes in the pinning control, including what kind of nodes should be pinned and what kind of nodes may be left unpinned. Numerical simulations are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Degradation of connective tissue matrices by macrophages. III. Morphological and biochemical studies on extracellular, pericellular, and intracellular events in matrix proteolysis by macrophages in culture

We have shown that macrophages in culture degrade the glycoproteins and amorphous elastin of insoluble extracellular matrices. Ultrastructural observation of the macrophage-matrix interaction revealed that connective tissue macromolecules were solubilized from the matrix extracellularly. At least part of the matrix breakdown was localized to the immediate vicinity of the cells, as shown by morphological and biochemical studies, although the rate of degradation correlated closely with the secretion of proteinases by various inflammatory stimuli in vivo, by glucocorticoids, prostaglandin E2 or colchicine, or by phagocytosis of latex, zymosan, or cholesterol-albumin complexes in culture was reflected in altered rates of glycoprotein and elastin degradation by the macrophages. Alteration of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion by cytochalasin B, NH4Cl, and proteinase inhibitors did not decrease the overall rate of matrix solubilization, but reduced the processing of the matrix fragments to peptides. Therefore, extracellular, pericellular, and lysosomal events each contribute to degradation of extracellular matrix macromolecules by inflammatory macrophages.
PAPERS Decision Making: Neural Mechanisms Insights into decision making using choice probability

Insights into decision using choice probability. long-standing question in systems neuroscience is how the activity of single neurons gives rise to our perceptions and actions. Critical insights into this question occurred in the last part of the 20th century when scientists began linking modulations of neuronal activity directly to perceptual behavior. A signiﬁcant conceptual advance was the application of signal detection theory to both neuronal activity and behavior, providing a quantitative assessment of the relationship between brain and behavior. One metric that emerged from these efforts was choice probability (CP), which provides information about how well an ideal observer can predict the choice an animal makes from a neuron’s discharge rate distribution. In this review, we describe where CP has been studied, locational trends in the values found, and why CP values are typically so low. We discuss its dependence on correlated activity among neurons of a population, assess whether it arises from feedforward or feedback mechanisms, and investigate what CP tells us about how many neurons are required for a decision and how they are pooled to do so.
Egida: an extensible toolkit for low-overhead fault-tolerance

We discuss the design and implementation of Egida, an object-oriented toolkit designed to support transparent rollback-recovery. Egida exports a simple specification language that can be used to express arbitrary rollback recovery protocols. From this specification, Egida automatically synthesizes an implementation of the specified protocol by gluing together the appropriate objects from an available library of "building blocks". Egida is extensible and facilitates rapid implementation of rollback recovery protocols with minimal programming effort. We have integrated Egida with the MPICH implementation of the MPI standard. Existing MPI applications can rake advantage of Egida without any modifications: fault-tolerance is achieved transparently-all that is needed is a simple re-link of the MPI application with Egida.
Bayes Risk Minimization in Natural Language Parsing

Candidate selection from n-best lists is a widely used approach in natural language parsing. Instead of attempting to select the most probable candidate, we focus on prediction of a new structure which minimizes an approximation to Bayes risk. Our approach does not place any restrictions on the probabilistic model used. We show how this approach can be applied in both dependency and constituent tree parsing with loss functions standard for these tasks. We evaluate these methods empirically on the Wall Street Journal parsing task.
Involvement of HSP70 in resveratrol-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND 70 KDa heat shock proteins (HSPs70), either as a constitutive or inducible form, are expressed at very high levels in malignant human tumors of various origin. In different cell types, they are known to play an antiapoptotic role. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol present in red wine, grapes and other dietary and medicinal plants, has been shown to be active in inhibiting multistage carcinogenesis, inducing apoptotic cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the present study, a possible relationship between HSP70 expression and cell death elicited by resveratrol in DU-145 cells, which mimic the late hormone-refractory stages of prostate carcinoma, was investigated. To this end, we treated DU-145 with different concentrations. (50, 100 and 200 microM) of resveratrol and cell viability, by tetrazolium salts assay (MTT) and membrane breakdown, by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, were measured. The possible induction of oxidative stress was evidenced both by performing a fluorescent analysis of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, or evaluating the amount of nitrite/nitrate (NO) in culture medium. In addition, the expression of HSP70 level, evaluated by immunoblotting, was examined and compared with caspase-3 activity (fluorimetrically measured) and DNA damage, determined by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis or COMET assay. RESULTS Our data clearly indicate that the addition of resveratrol to DU-145 reduces cell viability and increases membrane breakdown, in a dose-dependent way, without interfering with ROS production or NO synthesis, unless 200 microM resveratrol was added. Furthermore, at low concentration (50-100 microM) resveratrol is able to raise HSP70 levels but, at high concentration (200 microM), the measured levels of protective HSP70 were unmodified with respect to that of the control values. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the ability of resveratrol to suppress the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells with a typical apoptotic feature, interfering with the expression of HSPs70.