Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Sustainable Development: Social And Economic Dimensions

Perpetual economic growth is physically impossible on a planet with finite resources. Many concerned with humanity's future have focused on the concept of "sustainable development" as an alternative, as they seek means of achieving current economic and social goals without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own goals. Sustainable development brings together elements of economics, public policy, sociology, ecology, resource management, and other related areas, and while the term has become quite popular, it is rarely defined, and even less often is it understood. "A Survey of Sustainable Development" addresses that problem by bringing together in a single volume the most important works on sustainable human and economic development. It offers a broad overview of the subject, and gives the reader a quick and thorough guide to this highly diffuse topic. The volume offers ten sections on topics including: economic and social dimensions of sustainable development the North/South balance population and the demographic transition agriculture and renewable resources energy and materials use globalization and corporate responsibility local and national strategiesEach section is introduced with an essay by one of the volume editors that provides an overview of the subject and a summary of the mainstream literature, followed by two- to three-page abstracts of the most important articles or book chapters on the topic. "A Survey of Sustainable Development" is the sixth and final volume in the "Frontier Issues of Economic Thought" series produced by the Global Development And Environment Institute at Tufts University. Each book brings together the most important articles andbook chapters in a "frontier" area of economics where important new work is being done but has not yet been incorporated into the mainstream of economic study. The book is an essential reference for students and scholars concerned with economics, environmental studies, public policy and administration, international development, and a broad range of related fields.
Markov Switching Causality and the Money-Output Relationship

The empirical relationship between money and output is one of the most studied issues in macroeconomics, and a large literature has examined the causal links between monetary variables and output. One puzzle from this literature is that the results of causality tests appear to be sensitive with respect to the sample period that one considers. As a way of overcoming this problem, we propose a new method for analysing causal links that allows for changes in these links over the sample period. Our method is based on a VAR model with time-varying parameters. We model the time-variation in the parameters as reflecting changes in causality, and assume that these changes are stochastic and governed by an unobservable finite Markov chain. One important advantage of our method relative to alternative methods is that it allows for arbitrarily many changes in causal links during the sample and enables the identification of sample points at which causality has changed. When applied to US data, we obtain results that allow us to reconcile previous puzzling differences in the outcome of standard Granger causality tests.
Accountants' Value Preferences and Moral Reasoning

This paper examines relationships between accountants’ personal values and their moral reasoning. In particular, we hypothesize that there is an inverse relationship between accountants’ “Conformity” values and principled moral reasoning. This investigation is important because the literature suggests that conformity with rule-based standards may be one reason for professional accountants’ relatively lower scores on measures of moral reasoning (Abdolmohammadi et al. J Bus Ethics 16 (1997) 1717). We administered the Rokeach Values Survey (RVS) (Rokeach: 1973, The Nature of Human Values (The Free Press, New York)) and the Defining Issues Test (DIT) (Rest: 1979, Development in Judgment Moral Issues (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN)) to164 graduating accounting students enrolled in capstone courses at two universities in the Northeastern United States. As potential entrants into the accounting profession, these subjects bring their values and moral reasoning to bear on attitudes and behaviors in the workplace. We find a highly significant inverse relationship between “Conformity” values and principled moral reasoning (i.e., those who prefer Conformity values have lower levels of moral reasoning). However, we also find that accounting students as a group do not prefer Conformity values above other values such as Self-actualization and Idealism, and we find positive relationships between Self-actualization and Idealism values and moral reasoning. Implications for values and ethics research are discussed.
High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging to Evaluate Liver Fibrosis Progression in Rats and Yi Guan Jian Herbal Therapeutic Effects

The animals used in liver fibrosis studies must usually be sacrificed. Ultrasound has been demonstrated to have the ability to diagnose hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in experimental small-animal models. However, few studies have used high-frequency ultrasound (HFU, 40 MHz) to monitor changes in the rat liver and other hollow organs longitudinally. In this study, liver fibrosis was induced by administering dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in SD rats, aged 8 weeks, for three consecutive days per week for up to 4 weeks. A Chinese herbal medicine Yi Guan Jian (YGJ) was orally administered (1.8 g/kg daily) to DMN-induced liver fibrosis rats for 2 weeks. Compared with the normal control rats, rats treated with DMN for either 2 weeks or 4 weeks had significantly lower body weights, liver indexes and elevation of hydroxyproline, GOT, and GPT contents. YGJ herbal treatment remarkably prevented rats from DMN-induced liver fibrosis. The HFU scoring results among the normal controls, 2-week DMN-treated rats, 4-week DMN-treated rats, and combined 2-week YGJ therapy with 4-week DMN-treated rats also reached statistical significance. Thus, HFU is an accurate tool for the longitudinal analysis of liver fibrosis progression in small-animal models, and the YGJ may be useful in reversing the development of hepatic fibrosis.
Histological-subtypes and anatomical location correlated in meningeal brain tumors (meningiomas)

Context: Not enough literature is available to suggest a link between the histological subtypes of intracranial meningeal brain tumors, called ‘meningiomas’ and their location of origin. Aim: The evidence of correlation between the anatomical location of the intracranial meningiomas and the histopathological grades will facilitate specific diagnosis and accurate treatment. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in a single high-patient-inflow Neurosurgical Center, under a standard and uniform medical protocol, over a period of 30 years from December 1982 to December 2012. The records of all the operated 729 meningiomas were analyzed from the patient files in the Medical Records Department. The biodata, x-rays, angiography, computed tomography (CT) scans, imaging, histopathological reports, and mortality were evaluated and results drawn. Results: The uncommon histopathological types of meningiomas (16.88%) had common locations of origin in the sphenoid ridge, posterior parafalcine, jugular foramen, peritorcular and intraventricular regions, cerebellopontine angle, and tentorial and petroclival areas. The histopathological World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I (Benign Type) meningiomas were noted in 89.30%, WHO Grade II (Atypical Type) in 5.90%, and WHO Grade III (Malignant Type) in 4.80% of all meningiomas. Meningiomas of 64.60% were found in females, 47.32% were in the age group of 41-50 years, and 3.43% meningiomas were found in children. An overall mortality of 6.04% was noted. WHO Grade III (malignant meningiomas) carried a high mortality (25.71%) and the most common sites of meningiomas with high mortality were: The cerebellopontine angles, intraventricular region, sphenoid ridge, tuberculum sellae, and the posterior parafalcine areas. Conclusion: The correlation between the histological subtypes and the anatomical location of intracranial meningeal brain tumors, called meningiomas, is evident, but further research is required to establish the link.
Circulating Inhibin A and Inhibin B in Normal Menstrual Cycle during Breeding Seasons of Japanese Monkeys

In order to clarify the endocrinological profiles of inhibins during normal menstrual cycles in Japanese monkeys, plasma concentrations of inhibin A and inhibin B were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, circulating gonadotropins and steroid hormones were measured. Blood samples were taken from four Japanese monkeys showing normal menstrual cycles. Plasma inhibin A remained low during the early follicular phase but was high during the luteal phase. Plasma inhibin B was high in the early follicular phase, but fell during the late follicular phase, and remained low during the luteal phase. A significant inverse correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of inhibin B and FSH during the mid-follicular phase, but not between inhibin A and FSH. Plasma inhibin A showed a significant positive correlation with progesterone in the normal menstrual cycle. These results suggest that inhibin B during mid-follicular phase is mainly involved in the suppression of FSH secretion from the pituitary gland, and also that the main source of inhibin A during the luteal phase is corpora lutea in normal menstrual cycle of Japanese monkeys.
Effect of different surface pre-treatment methods on the microleakage of two different self-adhesive composites in Class V cavities.

AIM To evaluate the effect of different surface pre-treatment methods on the microleakage of self-adhesive flowable composites (SAFCs) in comparison with a conventional flowable composite applied with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-five standardised Class V cavities were randomly divided into nine groups: (1) three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Optibond FL - Kerr, Orange, USA)/flowable composite (Clearfil Majesty Flow - Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) (E&Ra/flowC); (2) Fusio Liquid Dentin (Pentron Clinical, Orange, USA); (3) Er:YAG Laser/Fusio Liquid Dentin (Er&Las/Fusio Liquid Dentin); (4) Phosphoric Acid/Fusio Liquid Dentin (PhosA/Fusio Liquid Dentin); (5) Polyacrylic Acid/Fusio Liquid Dentin (PolyA/Fusio Liquid Dentin); (6) Vertise Flow (Kerr, Orange, USA); (7) Er:YAG Laser/Vertise Flow (Er&Las/Vertise Flow); (8) Phosphoric Acid/Vertise Flow (PhosA/Vertise Flow); (9) Polyacrylic Acid/Vertise Flow (PolyA/Vertise Flow). After thermocycling and immersion in a 0.5% basic fuchsin, the restorations were evaluated under a stereomicroscope (n = 30). The data were statistically analysed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Both SAFCs showed higher leakage scores than E&Ra/flowC in enamel and dentin (p < 0.05). Vertise Flow showed lower leakage than Fusio Liquid Dentin in dentin (p < 0.05). Pre-phosphoric acid etching reduced the microleakage scores of Fusio Liquid Dentin in both enamel and dentin (p < 0.05), while all surface pre-treatment methods led to a significant reduction in the microleakage scores of Vertise Flow at the enamel margin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-etching of enamel and dentin by phosphoric acid may be satisfactory in improving the sealing ability of Fusio Liquid Dentin, while phosphoric acid or polyacrylic acid etching or laser irradiation may be used to improve the adhesion of Vertise Flow to enamel.
MENTAL HEALTH AMONG SUICIDE ATTEMPT SURVIVORS: THE ROLES OF STIGMA, SELF-DISCLOSURE, AND FAMILY REACTIONS

OF DISSERTATION MENTAL HEALTH AMONG SUICIDE ATTEMPT SURVIVORS: THE ROLES OF STIGMA, SELF-DISCLOSURE, AND FAMILY REACTIONS Although research has shown that mental-health stigma can impact an individual’s well-being, little is known about who perpetrates suicide stigma. Moreover, anticipation of stigma could impact whether individuals disclose their suicidal experiences; yet, little is known about suicide disclosure and how family members’ reactions play a role in subsequent mental health. To address these gaps, three studies were designed to examine how stigma, suicide disclosure, and family reaction impact subsequent mental health of attempt survivors and those who have experience suicidal ideation. Individuals who had previously experienced suicidal ideation or a previous suicide attempt (n = 156) were recruited through the American Association of Suicidology. Results indicated that attempt survivors were more likely to experience stigma from non-mental health providers and social network members than from mental health providers. A hierarchical standard regression model including both source and type of stigma accounted for more variance (ΔR 2 = .08) in depression symptomology than a model with only type of stigma. Results from respondents who had experienced a nonfatal suicide attempt in the past 10 years (n = 74) indicated that family reaction mediated the relationship between suicide disclosure and depression symptoms (B = -4.83, 95% BCa CI [-11.67, -1.33]). Higher rates of disclosure statistically predicted more positive family reactions (B = 4.81, p = .013) and more positive family reactions statistically predicted less severe depression symptoms (B = -1.00, p = .002). Interpretive phenomenological techniques were used to analyze follow-up interviews (n = 40) with attempt survivors. Individuals’ reactions to suicide disclosure offered insight for attempt survivors’ regarding their place in society. More specifically, reactions impacted the degrees to which attempt survivors felt that they belonged within their social group and whether they were a burden to their loved ones. Given these results, the potential contributions of family scientists to the field of suicidology are examined. Specifically, researchers have primarily examined suicide as an individual phenomenon; family scientists are ideally suited for examining the family’s role after an attempt occurs. However, family science must also make the transition to viewing suicide as a family experience.
Skewed association of polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations with HLA-B genotype

We studied CD8 T cell responses against HIV-1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and influenza in 128 subjects and demonstrate that polyfunctional CD8 T cell responses, also including IL-2 production and Ag-specific proliferation, are predominantly driven by virus epitopes restricted by HLA-B alleles. Interestingly, these protective CD8 T cells are equipped with low-avidity T cell receptors (TCRs) for the cognate virus epitope. Conversely, HLA-A-restricted epitopes are mostly associated with “only effector” IFN-γ-secreting, with cytotoxicity, and with the lack of IL-2 production and Ag-specific proliferation. These CD8 T cells are equipped with high-avidity TCR and express higher levels of the T cell exhaustion marker PD-1. Thus, the functional profile of the CD8 T cell response is strongly influenced by the extent to which there is stimulation of polyfunctional (predominantly restricted by HLA-B) versus only effector (restricted by HLA-A) T cell responses. These results provide the rationale for the observed protective role of HLA-B in HIV-1-infection and new insights into the relationship between TCR avidity, PD-1 expression, and the functional profile of CD8 T cells.
Comparing the usability of library vs. language approaches to task parallelism

In this paper, we compare the usability of a library approach with a language approach to task parallelism. There are many practical advantages and disadvantages to both approaches. A key advantage of a library-based approach is that it can be deployed without requiring any change in the tool chain, including compilers and IDEs. However, the use of library APIs to express all aspects of task parallelism can lead to code that is hard to understand and modify. A key advantage of a language-based approach is that the intent of the programmer is easier to express and understand, both by other programmers and by program analysis tools. However, a language-based approach usually requires the standardization of new constructs and (possibly) of new keywords. In this paper, we compare the java.util. concurrent (j.u.c) library [14] from Java 7 and the Habanero-Java (HJ) [16] language, supported by our experiences in teaching both models at Rice University.
Depression in dialysis patients.

Depression is the most common psychiatric illness in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The reported prevalence of depression in dialysis population varied from 22.8% (interview-based diagnosis) to 39.3% (self- or clinician-administered rating scales). Such differences were attributed to the overlapping symptoms of uraemia and depression. Systemic review and meta-analysis of observational studies showed that depression was a significant predictor of mortality in dialysis population. The optimal screening tool for depression in dialysis patients remains uncertain. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) have been validated for screening purposes. Patients who scored ≥14 using BDI should be referred to a psychiatrist for early evaluation. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID) remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Non-pharmacological treatment options include cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise training programs. Although frequent haemodialysis may have beneficial effects on patients' physical and mental well-being, it cannot and should not be viewed as a treatment of depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are generally effective and safe in ESRD patients, but most studies were small, non-randomized and uncontrolled. The European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) guideline suggests a trial of SSRI for 8 to 12 weeks in dialysis patients who have moderate-major depression. The treatment effect should be re-evaluated after 12 weeks to avoid prolonging ineffective medication. This review will discuss the current understanding in the diagnosis and management of depression in dialysis patients.
Rectangular Potentials in a Semi-Harmonic Background: Spectrum, Resonances and Dwell Time

We study the energy properties of a particle in one dimensional semi-harmonic rectangular wells and barriers. The integration of energies is obtained by solving a simple transcendental equation. Scattering states are shown to include cases in which the impinging particle is 'captured' by the semi-harmonic rectangular potentials. The 'time of capture' is connected with the dwell time of the scattered wave. Using the particle absorption method, it is shown that the dwell time a D coincides with the phase time W of Eisenbud and Wigner, calculated as the energy derivative of the reflected wave phase shift. Analytical expressions are derived for the phase time W of the semi-harmonic delta well and barrier potentials.
Gender-specificity of solitary and dyadic sexual desire among gynephilic and androphilic women and men.

INTRODUCTION Incentive motivation theory proposes that sexual desire emerges from sexual arousal, and is triggered by sexually competent stimuli. Research demonstrates gender and sexual orientation differences in the features that contribute to the competency of sexual stimuli. Men's and gynephilic women's genital arousal tends to be gender-specific with preferred gender eliciting significantly greater genital arousal than nonpreferred gender. In contrast, stimuli depicting preferred and nonpreferred gender elicit similar degrees of genital arousal among androphilic women, termed a gender-nonspecific pattern. Given these differences in the features that elicit a sexual response, and that sexual desire is proposed to emerge from sexual arousal, the question remains as to whether sexual desire would emerge only through exposure to preferred stimuli or whether patterns of responsive desire would parallel those observed for genital arousal. AIM The study aims to examine patterns of dyadic and solitary sexual desire in response to stimuli differing in incentive value. METHODS Thirty androphilic women, 21 gynephilic women, 21 gynephilic men, and 16 androphilic men participated in a sexual psychophysiological session. Participants viewed sexual stimuli that varied the gender of the actors and the intensity of sexual activities depicted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported their degree of desire for sex with a partner (dyadic desire) and desire to masturbate (solitary desire), before and after each film. RESULTS Men and gynephilic women exhibited gender-specific patterns of sexual desire. Androphilic women's dyadic desire showed significantly less differentiation between genders, and their solitary desire did not differentiate at all. No gender difference was observed for either type of desire. All groups reported greater desire as stimulus intensity increased. CONCLUSIONS Gender-nonspecific sexual response is not limited to the sexual arousal patterns of androphilic women, but extends to include responsive sexual desire. Men and gynephilic women, however, show gender-specific responsive sexual desire that parallels their sexual arousal patterns.
The influence of temperature and anaemia on the adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms controlling heart rate in the rainbow trout

The capacity for cardioacceleration by adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms was studied in resting rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, at 5, 12, and 20 °C. The trout were fitted with chronic dorsal aortic catheters for heart rate and blood pressure measurements. At all three temperatures, muscarinic cholinergic blockade with atropine caused substantial tachycardia, thereby indicating the presence of cholinergic vagal tone in resting animals. The relative effect of atropine was significantly greater at 5 °C (+53% of resting heart rate) than at 12 and 20 °C (≈ +30%). Maximal adrenergic stimulation (via adrenaline) after atropine caused a small further cardioacceleration at all temperatures. The adrenaline effect increased significantly from +8% (of resting heart rate) at 5 °C to +15% at 20 °C. The findings provide qualified support for the hypothesis that a reduction in vagal cholinergic activity is relatively more important in tachycardia at low temperature, and that adrenergic stimulation is relatively more .