Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful Return to Work After Maternity Leave: Self-Regulatory and Contextual Influences

Women's return to work after maternity leave represents an important developmental transition. Intentional self-regulation can help women successfully master this transition. In a longitudinal study with three waves of measurement waves (5, 11, and 24 weeks after re-entry; N = 267), self-efficacy beliefs and self-regulatory strategies (selection, optimization, compensation; SOC) predicted better work adjustment over time. Most importantly, contextual characteristics interacted with intentional self-regulation: for mothers who worked only a very small number of hours, who had many family obligations and who reported high levels of stress at work, it was particularly adaptive to make use of self-regulatory strategies.
The value of location information: A European-wide study

The value attached to privacy has become a common notion in the press, featuring frequent stories of people selling sensitive personal information for a couple of dollars. Syverson argues~\cite{PaulWEIS03} that we should incorporate the risk of data misuse into our reasoning about privacy valuations. Yet there are doubts as to whether people can, and do, value their privacy correctly and appropriately. Privacy is a complex notion and as such it is very difficult to valuate it taking into account its full complexity. In this experiment we consider one aspect of privacy, namely location privacy, that can be compromised through mobile phone network data. We performed a European-wide study to assess the value that people attach to their location privacy using tools from experimental psychology and economics. We present the first results here.
Protein p21WAF1/CIP1 is phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2 in vitro and interacts with the amino terminal end of the CK2 beta subunit

Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous protein that phosphorylates multiple substrates and is composed of catalytic (α, α′) and regulatory (β) subunits. Abundant evidence relates CK2 to the regulation of cell division. p21WAF1/CIP1 is a potent inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases and of DNA replication and acts as a key inhibitor of cell cycle progression. In this work we examine the relation between these two important proteins. The interaction between the CK2β regulatory subunit of CK2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 has been confirmed. Using a pull‐down assay and fusion constructs of glutathione transferase with fragments of CK2β and other mutants, it was possible to define that the N‐terminal (1‐44) portion of CK2β contains a p21WAF1/CIP1 binding site. CK2 reconstituted from recombinant α and β subunits can phosphorylate p21WAF1/CIP1 in vitro. This phosphorylation is greatly enhanced by histone H1. p21WAF1/CIP1 can inhibit the phosphorylation of substrate casein by CK2. This inhibition, however, seems to be due to competition by p21WAF1/CIP1 as an alternate substrate since in order to observe inhibition it is necessary that the concentration of p21 be of the same order of magnitude as the casein substrate concentration. This competition is not related to the binding of p21WAF1/CIP1 to CK2β because it can also be observed when, in the absence of CKβ, CKα is used to phosphorylate casein in the presence of the p21. J. Cell. Biochem. 81:445–452, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukotriene D4 and Interleukin-13 Cooperate to Increase the Release of Eotaxin-3 by Airway Epithelial Cells

Introduction Airway epithelial cells play a central role in the physiopathology of asthma. They release eotaxins when treated with TH2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-13, and these chemokines attract eosinophils and potentiate the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), which in turn induce bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. These effects of cysLTs mainly mediated by CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors on epithelial cell functions remain largely undefined. Because the release of inflammatory cytokines, eotaxins, and cysLTs occur relatively at the same time and location in the lung tissue, we hypothesized that they regulate inflammation cooperatively rather than redundantly. We therefore investigated whether cysLTs and the TH2 cytokines would act in concert to augment the release of eotaxins by airway epithelial cells. Methods A549 cells or human primary bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with or without IL-4, IL-13, and/or LTD4. The release of eotaxin-3 and the expression of cysLT receptors were assessed by ELISA, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry, respectively. Results IL-4 and IL-13 induced the release of eotaxin-3 by airway epithelial cells. LTD4 weakly induced the release of eotaxin-3 but clearly potentiated the IL-13-induced eotaxin-3 release. LTD4 had no effect on IL-4-stimulated cells. Epithelial cells expressed CysLT1 but not CysLT2. CysLT1 expression was increased by IL-13 but not by IL-4 and/or LTD4. Importantly, the upregulation of CysLT1 by IL-13 preceded eotaxin-3 release. Conclusions These results demonstrate a stepwise cooperation between IL-13 and LTD4. IL-13 upregulates CysLT1 expression and consequently the response to cysLTs This results in an increased release of eotaxin-3 by epithelial cells which at its turn increases the recruitment of leukocytes and their biosynthesis of cysLTs. This positive amplification loop involving epithelial cells and leukocytes could be implicated in the recruitment of eosinophils observed in asthmatics.
Hepatitis C as a risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis – a systematic review

Observational studies on the association of chronic hepatitis C with carotid atherosclerosis have yielded varying results. In addition, previous related systematic reviews were limited in synthesis. By more careful selection and further synthesis, we summarize current body of evidence on the relationship between chronic hepatitis C and carotid atherosclerosis.
Responding to crisis through strategic knowledge management

Purpose - Many managers would like to take a strategic approach to preparing the organisation to avoid impending crisis but instead find themselves fire-fighting to mitigate its impact. This paper seeks to examine an organisation which made major strategic changes in order to respond to the full effect of a crisis which would be realised over a two to three year period. At the root of these changes was a strategic approach to managing knowledge. The paper's purpose is to reflect on managers' views of the impact this strategy had on preparing for the crisis and explore what happened in the organisation during and after the crisis. Design/methodology/approach - The paper examines a case-study of a financial services organisation which faced the crisis of its impending dissolution. The paper draws upon observations of change management workshops, as well as interviews with organisational members of a change management task force. Findings - The response to the crisis was to recognise the importance of the people and their knowledge to the organisation, and to build a strategy which improved business processes and communication flow across the divisions, as well as managing the departure of knowledge workers from an organisation in the process of being dissolved. Practical implications - The paper demonstrates the importance of building a knowledge management strategy during times of crisis, and draws out important lessons for organisations facing organisational change. Originality/value - The paper represents a unique opportunity to learn from an organisation adopting a strategic approach to managing its knowledge during a time of crisis. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Pareto Improving Social Security Reform When Financial Markets are Incomplete?

This paper studies an Overlapping Generations model with stochastic production and incomplete markets to assess whether the introduction of an unfunded social security system can lead to a Pareto improvement. When returns to capital and wages are imperfectly correlated, the consumption variance of all generations can be reduced if government policies enable them to pool labor and capital incomes. A social security system that endows retired households with a claim to labor income may serve as an effective tool to share aggregate risk between generations. Our quantitative analysis shows that, first, abstracting from the crowding-out effect of social security on the aggregate stock in general equilibrium, the introduction of social security does indeed represent a Pareto improving reform, if households are both fairly risk-averse and fairly willing to intertemporally substitute consumption. Second, the severity of the capital crowding-out effect in general equilibrium overturns these gains for degrees of risk aversion and intertemporal elasticity of substitution commonly used in the literature.
Factors Affecting Online Groupwork Interest: A Multilevel Analysis

The purpose of the present study is to examine the personal and contextual factors that may affect students' online groupwork interest. Using the data obtained from graduate students in an online course, both student- and group-level predictors for online groupwork interest were analyzed within the framework of hierarchical linear modeling analysis. The findings show that most of the variance in the outcome variable of online groupwork interest was at the student level, with online groupwork interest being positively associated with learning-oriented reasons, but negatively associated with student attitude toward online individual work. At the group level, peer-oriented reasons, learning-oriented reasons, and monitoring motivation were shown to be significant predictors for online groupwork interest. The implications of the empirical findings and future research directions were discussed.
“I Could Probably Run a Marathon Right Now”: Embodiment, Space, and Young Women's Leisure Experience

This research uses Camp Blaze, a firefighting camp for young women, to explore ways that the body and processes of embodiment are integral to learning about firefighting. We also address the role that the leisure space of the camp plays in simultaneously constraining and enabling young women's use and understanding of their bodies. Analysis of observational, interview, and photo data revealed that learning about firefighting involved several interconnected processes of embodiment. Results include how the processes of embodiment operated and the importance of learning and social context.
Inhibition of PI 3 K Pathway Reduces Invasiveness and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Squamous Lung Cancer Cell Lines Harboring PIK 3 CA Gene Alterations

A prominent role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SQCLC) has been attributed to the aberrant activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, due to amplification or mutations of the p110a subunit of class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3CA) gene. The aim of our study was to determine whether different genetic alterations of PIK3CA affect the biologic properties of SQCLC and to evaluate the response to specific targeting agents in vitro and in vivo. The effects of NVP-BEZ235, NVP-BKM120, and NVP-BYL719 on two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) cellular growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and invasiveness were evaluated in E545K or H1047R PIK3CA–mutated SQCLC cells and in newly generated clones carrying PIK3CA alterations, as well as in a xenograft model. PIK3CA mutated/amplified cells showed increased growth rate and enhanced migration and invasiveness, associated with an increased activity of RhoA family proteins and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. PI3K inhibitors reverted this aggressive phenotype by reducing metalloproteinase production, RhoA activity, and the expression of mesenchymal markers, with the specific PI3K inhibitors NVP-BKM120 and NVP-BYL719 being more effective than the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. A xenograft model of SQCLC confirmed that PIK3CA mutation promotes the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype in vivo and proved the efficacy of its specific targeting drug NVP-BYL719 in reducing the growth and the expression of mesenchymal markers in xenotransplanted tumors. These data indicate that PIK3CA mutation/amplification may represent a good predictive feature for the clinical application of specific PI3K inhibitors in SQCLC patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(8); 1916–27. 2015 AACR.
Fairness and the Politics of Resentment

Abstract The role of the emotions in the framing of welfare policies is still relatively underexplored. This article examines the role of resentment in the construction of a particular form of ‘anti-welfare populism’ advanced by the Coalition Government in the UK after 2010. We argue that UK political parties have appropriated the discourse of fairness to promote fundamentally divisive policies which have been popular with large sections of the electorate including, paradoxically, many poorer voters. In focus group research in white working class communities in the UK undertaken just before the 2010 General Election, resentments related to perceived unfairness and loss emerged as very strong themes among our respondents. We examine such resentments in terms of an underlying ‘structure of feeling’ which fuels the reactionary populism seen in ‘anti-welfare’ discourses. These promote increasingly conditional and punitive forms of welfare in countries experiencing austerity, such as the UK, creating rivalries rather than building solidarities amongst those who ‘have little’ and drawing attention away from greater inequalities.
Synchronous machine stability analysis using an efficient time domain methodology: unbalanced operation analysis

This paper describes a methodology for the efficient stability analysis of the synchronous machine. The state space phase coordinates model of the synchronous machine incorporates the effects of time-varying and inter-spatial harmonic inductances. The dynamics of the synchronous machine are represented by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The machine behaviour is analyzed under severe unbalanced operation conditions. The level of detail and accuracy obtained with the machine model in phase coordinates can not be achieved with conventional models based on the dq0 framework for unbalanced fault analysis. A Newton technique based on a numerical differentiation process is used for the acceleration of the convergence of the state variables to the limit cycle to obtain the machine initial conditions and the steady state previous to the fault application and after the fault is removed. The combined response obtained with methodology for swift time domain transient and periodic steady state analysis and the phase domain synchronous machine model is compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency against a widely used and accepted machine model of an Electro-Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP-ATP).
Antifungal Activities of Biorelevant Complexes of Copper(II) with Biosensitive Macrocyclic Ligands

Four copper(H) complexes have been prepared using macrocyclic ligands. The macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of diethyl phthalate with Schiff bases derived from o-phenylene diamine and Knoevenagel condensed β-ketoanilides (obtained by the condensation of acetoacetanilide and substituted benzaldehydes). The ligands and copper complexes have been characterized on the basis of Microanalytical, Mass, UV-Vis. , IK and CV spectral studies, as well as conductivity data. On the basis of spectral studies, a square-planar geometry for the copper complexes has been proposed. The in vitro antifungal activities of the compounds were tested against fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoetonia bataicola and Candida albicans. All the synthesized copper complexes showed stronger antifungal activities than free ligands. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the copper complexes were found in the range of 8~28 μg/ml. These compounds represent a novel class of metal-based antifungal agents which provide opportunities for a large number of synthetic variations for modulation of the activities.
The cosmic far-infrared background buildup since redshift 2 at 70 and 160 microns in the COSMOS and GOODS fields

Context. The cosmic far-infrared background (CIB) at wavelengths around 160 μm corresponds to the peak intensity of the whole extragalactic background light, which is being measured with increasing accuracy. However, the build up of the CIB emission as a function of redshift is still not well known. Aims. Our goal is to measure the CIB history at 70 μm and 160 μm at different redshifts, and provide constraints for infrared galaxy evolution models. Methods. We used deep Spitzer 24 μm catalogs complete to about 80 μJy with spectroscopic and photometric redshift identifications, derived using the GOODS and COSMOS deep infrared surveys covering 2 square degrees total. After cleaning the Spitzer/MIPS 70 μm and 160 μm maps of detected sources, we stacked the far-IR images at the positions of the 24 μm sources in different redshift bins.We measured the contribution of each stacked source to the total 70 and 160 μm light, and compared with model predictions and far-IR measurements obtained for Herschel/PACS data of smaller fields. Results. We detect components of the 70 and 160 μm backgrounds in different redshift bins up to z ~ 2. The contribution to the CIB reaches a maximum at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 0.9 at 160 μm (and z ≤ 0.5 at 70 μm). A total of 81% (74%) of the 70 (160) μm background was emitted at z < 1. We estimate that the AGN contribution to the far-IR CIB is less than about 10% at z < 1.5. We provide a comprehensive view of the CIB buildup at 24, 70, 100 and 160 μm. Conclusions. We find that IR galaxy models predicting a major contribution to the CIB from sources at z < 1 agree with our measurements, while our results exclude other models that predict a peak of the background at higher redshifts. The consistency of our results with those obtained by the direct study of Herschel far-IR data at 160 μm confirms that the stacking analysis method is a valid approach to estimate the components of the far-IR background using prior information about resolved mid-IR sources.
Effects of octenidine mouth rinse on apoptosis and necrosis of human fibroblasts and epithelial cells – an in vitro study

Abstract This study aimed at comparing the cytotoxicity of a new octenidine mouth rinse (MR) on gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells using different established MRs. Octenidol (OCT), Chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX), Meridol (MER), Oral B (OB), and control (PBS only) were used. Human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFIBs) and human primary nasal epithelial cells (HNEPCs) were cultivated in cell-specific media (2 × 105 cells/well) and treated with a MR or PBS for 1, 5, and 15 min. All tests were performed in duplicate and repeated 12 times. The apoptosis and necrosis were determined using a Caspase-3/7 assay and LDH assay, respectively. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with subsequent Mann–Whitney U-test. No significant differences could be found between the incubation times of the MR, neither for apoptosis nor necrosis (p > 0.05). Regarding apoptosis of HGFIBs, MRs had no influence at all. In HNEPCs, OCT induced relevantly lower apoptosis than CHX (p = 0.01). Considering necrosis, MER showed the lowest numbers of necrotic HGFIBs and HNEPCs, whereas OB induced the highest number of necrotic cells. The differences between both MR were statistically relevant (p < 0.01). OCT did neither differ from the other MRs nor from the control (PBS) in induction of necrosis in both cell types. In conclusion, the slightly negative effect of OCT considering apoptosis and necrosis of HGFIBs and HNEPCs is nearly the same or even lower compared to the established MRs included in this study. The results confirm that OCT is a potential alternative to CHX.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder across developmental trajectory: cognitive processing of threat in children, adolescents and adults.

BACKGROUND While the cognitive theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most widely accepted accounts of the maintenance of the disorder in adults, no study to date has systematically evaluated the theory across children, adolescence and adults with OCD. METHOD This paper investigated developmental differences in the cognitive processing of threat in a sample of children, adolescents and adults with OCD. Using an idiographic assessment approach, as well as self-report questionnaires, this study evaluated cognitive appraisals of responsibility, probability, severity, thought-action fusion (TAF), thought-suppression, self-doubt and cognitive control. It was hypothesised that there would be age related differences in reported responsibility for harm, probability of harm, severity of harm, thought suppression, TAF, self-doubt and cognitive control. RESULTS Results of this study demonstrated that children with OCD reported experiencing fewer intrusive thoughts, which were less distressing and less uncontrollable than those experienced by adolescents and adults with OCD. Furthermore, responsibility attitudes, probability biases and thought suppression strategies were higher in adolescents and adults with OCD. Cognitive processes of TAF, perceived severity of harm, self-doubt and cognitive control were found to be comparable across age groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the current cognitive theory of OCD needs to address developmental differences in the cognitive processing of threat. Furthermore, for a developmentally sensitive theory of OCD, further investigation is warranted into other possible age related maintenance factors. Implications of this investigation and directions for future research are discussed.
Achieving high-resolution soft-tissue imaging with cone-beam CT: a two-pronged approach for modulation of x-ray fluence and detector gain

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) presents a highly promising and challenging advanced application of flat-panel detectors (FPDs). The great advantage of this adaptable technology is in the potential for sub-mm 3D spatial resolution in combination with soft-tissue detectability. While the former is achieved naturally by CBCT systems incorporating modern FPD designs (e.g., 200 - 400 um pixel pitch), the latter presents a significant challenge due to limitations in FPD dynamic range, large field of view, and elevated levels of x-ray scatter in typical CBCT configurations. We are investigating a two-pronged strategy to maximizing soft-tissue detectability in CBCT: 1) front-end solutions, including novel beam modulation designs (viz., spatially varying compensators) that alleviate detector dynamic range requirements, reduce x-ray scatter, and better distribute imaging dose in a manner suited to soft-tissue visualization throughout the field of view; and 2) back-end solutions, including implementation of an advanced FPD design (Varian PaxScan 4030CB) that features dual-gain and dynamic gain switching that effectively extends detector dynamic range to 18 bits. These strategies are explored quantitatively on CBCT imaging platforms developed in our laboratory, including a dedicated CBCT bench and a mobile isocentric C-arm (Siemens PowerMobil). Pre-clinical evaluation of improved soft-tissue visibility was carried out in phantom and patient imaging with the C-arm device. Incorporation of these strategies begin to reveal the full potential of CBCT for soft-tissue visualization, an essential step in realizing broad utility of this adaptable technology for diagnostic and image-guided procedures.