Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GABAergic contributions to gating, timing, and phase precession of hippocampal neuronal activity during theta oscillations

Successful spatial exploration requires gating, storage, and retrieval of spatial memories in the correct order. The hippocampus is known to play an important role in the temporal organization of spatial information. Temporally ordered spatial memories are encoded and retrieved by the firing rate and phase of hippocampal pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons with respect to ongoing network theta oscillations paced by intra‐ and extrahippocampal areas. Much is known about the anatomical, physiological, and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of various cell types in the hippocampal microcircuits, but how these detailed properties of individual neurons give rise to temporal organization of spatial memories remains unclear. We present a model of the hippocampal CA1 microcircuit based on observed biophysical properties of pyramidal cells and six types of inhibitory interneurons: axo‐axonic, basket, bistratistified, neurogliaform, ivy, and oriens lacunosum‐moleculare cells. The model simulates a virtual rat running on a linear track. Excitatory transient inputs come from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the CA3 Schaffer collaterals and impinge on both the pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, whereas inhibitory inputs from the medial septum impinge only on the inhibitory interneurons. Dopamine operates as a gate‐keeper modulating the spatial memory flow to the PC distal dendrites in a frequency‐dependent manner. A mechanism for spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity in distal and proximal PC dendrites consisting of three calcium detectors, which responds to the instantaneous calcium level and its time course in the dendrite, is used to model the plasticity effects. The model simulates the timing of firing of different hippocampal cell types relative to theta oscillations, and proposes functional roles for the different classes of the hippocampal and septal inhibitory interneurons in the correct ordering of spatial memories as well as in the generation and maintenance of theta phase precession of pyramidal cells (place cells) in CA1. The model leads to a number of experimentally testable predictions that may lead to a better understanding of the biophysical computations in the hippocampus and medial septum. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Study of the Mechanisms Leading to Re-Ignition in a Worst Case Fire Scenario

A systematic evaluation of the stability of a re-circulation zone behind a backward facing step under conditions expected in an aircraft engine nacelle has been conducted together with the evaluation of the effects of the flow structure on a propane diffusion flame established downstream of the step. The objective being to characterize a “worst case” fire scenario. Characterization of the non-reacting recirculation zone was performed by means of flow visualization. The parameters varied were the flow velocity, step height and surface temperature. Numerical modeling using a Large Eddie Simulation (LES) code has been contrasted with the experimental results. It was observed that for all conditions studied a flow re-circulation zone appears down-stream of the step and is stable but not stationary. The temperature of the floor of the test section was increased up to 600 C to explore the effect of buoyancy without the complexity of the reacting flow. Heating of the incoming flow lead to an increase in the dimensions of the re-circulation zone. However, de-stabilization of the flow did not occur. Comparison between the numerical and experimental results shows good qualitative agreement. The caracterization of the flame established behind the backward facing step was followed by a study of the re-ignition potential. The flame was extinguished by separating fuel from oxidizer by means of a plate which was impulsively removed and re-ignition observed. It was established that re-ignition is controlled by cooling and mass transport towards the hot plate. A “worst case scenario” for re-ignition is given by maximizing the fuel mass transfer while keeping the characteristic time for cooling of the fuel surface shorter than the characteristic time to attain a flammable mixture.
Multi-Agent Systems : Gossiping with Random Arrivals and Departures

We consider open multi-agent systems. Unlike the systems usually studied in the literature, here agents may join or leave while the process studied takes place. The system composition and size evolve thus with time. We focus here on systems where the interactions between agents lead to pairwise gossip averages, and where agents either arrive or are replaced at random times. These events prevent any convergence of the system. Instead, we describe the expected system behavior by showing that the evolution of scaled moments of the state can be characterized by a 2-dimensional (possibly time-varying) linear dynamical system. We apply this technique to two cases : (i) systems with fixed size where leaving agents are immediately replaced, and (ii) systems where new agents keep arriving without ever leaving, and whose size grows thus unbounded.
Projective dynamics

We present a new method for implicit time integration of physical systems. Our approach builds a bridge between nodal Finite Element methods and Position Based Dynamics, leading to a simple, efficient, robust, yet accurate solver that supports many different types of constraints. We propose specially designed energy potentials that can be solved efficiently using an alternating optimization approach. Inspired by continuum mechanics, we derive a set of continuum-based potentials that can be efficiently incorporated within our solver. We demonstrate the generality and robustness of our approach in many different applications ranging from the simulation of solids, cloths, and shells, to example-based simulation. Comparisons to Newton-based and Position Based Dynamics solvers highlight the benefits of our formulation.
Component Analysis versus Common Factor Analysis: Some Further Observations.

Component Analysis versus Common Factor Analysis: Some Further Observations Wayne F. Velicer & Douglas N. Jackson To cite this article: Wayne F. Velicer & Douglas N. Jackson (1990) Component Analysis versus Common Factor Analysis: Some Further Observations, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25:1, 97-114, DOI: 10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_12 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_12
Impairments of working memory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: the effect of history of psychotic symptoms and different aspects of cognitive task demands

Introduction comparisons of cognitive impairments between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) have produced mixed results. Objectives this is the only study to assess different aspects of WM with respect to psychosis dimension in these patient populations. Aim to determine whether these groups of patients can be classified on the basis of WM performance. Methods we applied different working memory (WM) measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay and Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back) to patients with SZ(n=23),psychotic BPD(n=19) and non-psychotic BPD(n=24), as well as to healthy controls (HC) (n=18) in order to compare the level of WM impairments across the groups. Results with respect to the less demanding WM measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay CPT-AX), there were no between group differences in cognitive performance; however, with respect to the more demanding WM measures (Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back), we observed that the groups with psychosis (SZ, psychotic BPD) did not differ from one another, but performed poorer than the group without a history of psychosis (non-psychotic BPD). A history of psychotic symptoms may influence cognitive performance with respect to WM delay and load effects as measured by Long-delay CPT-AX and N-back tests, respectively. We observed a positive correlation of WM performance with antipsychotic treatment and a negative correlation with depressive symptoms in BPD and with negative symptoms in SZ subgroup. Conclusions our study suggests that WM dysfunctions are more closely related to a history of psychosis than to the diagnostic categories of SZ and BPD described by psychiatric classification systems.
Extensional and compressional faults in the Everest–Lhotse massif, Khumbu Himalaya, Nepal

Two large-scale north-dipping, low-angle normal faults cut the Everest massif at the top of the High Himalayan slab in Nepal. The upper fault the Qomolangma Detachment, follows the north slope of Everest from above the 'Yellow Band' at c. 8500 m on the Southwest Face down to the Rongbuk glacier. On the south side of Everest this fault places unmetamorphosed Ordovician mudstones and limestones above biotite-grade marbles, calc-silicates and greenschists (Everest series pelites). The lower normal fault, the Lhotse Detachment, places greenschist grade calc-silicates and pelites above sillimanite–K-feldspar-grade gneisses (quartz+biotite+garnet + K-feldspar+plagioclase+sillimanite ± cordierite assemblages) formed at temperatures above 650°C. Abundant sheet intrusions, sills and dykes of leucogranite containing tourmaline+muscovite ± biotite ± garnet are restricted to the footwall of the Lhotse Detachment. The mid–upper greenschist grade Everest pelites, some 2000 m thick on the SW face of Everest, form a northward tapering wedge bounded by normal faults below and above. A major compressional fault, the Khumbu Thrust, bounds the base of a c. 3–6 km thick sheet which consists of a series of flat-lying leucogranite sills or sheets extending more than 25 km south of Everest. The leucogranite peaks of Ama Dablam, Kangteiga and Tamserku are all part of the same sheet, which, prior to erosion, was probably originally continuous. The main granite emplacement mechanism was by syn-tectonic magma injection by hydraulic fracture propagation during simple shear, along a series of large sills from their source region at depth to the north. Granite emplacement occurred during upper crustal extension along the top of the High Himalayan slab, although final motion on the Lhotse Detachment post-dated granite emplacement. Both the normal faults at the top of the slab and the Khumbu thrust at the base of the leucogranite sheets were mechanically linked, resulting in the southward extrusion of rocks formed at c. 12–30 km depth within the High Himalayan slab.
The fire ant social chromosome supergene variant Sb shows low diversity but high divergence from SB

Variation in social behaviour is common, yet little is known about the genetic architectures underpinning its evolution. A rare exception is in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta: Alternative variants of a supergene region determine whether a colony will have exactly one or up to dozens of queens. The two variants of this region are carried by a pair of ‘social chromosomes’, SB and Sb, which resemble a pair of sex chromosomes. Recombination is suppressed between the two chromosomes in the supergene region. While the X‐like SB can recombine with itself in SB/SB queens, recombination is effectively absent in the Y‐like Sb because Sb/Sb queens die before reproducing. Here, we analyse whole‐genome sequences of eight haploid SB males and eight haploid Sb males. We find extensive SB–Sb differentiation throughout the >19‐Mb‐long supergene region. We find no evidence of ‘evolutionary strata’ with different levels of divergence comparable to those reported in several sex chromosomes. A high proportion of substitutions between the SB and Sb haplotypes are nonsynonymous, suggesting inefficacy of purifying selection in Sb sequences, similar to that for Y‐linked sequences in XY systems. Finally, we show that the Sb haplotype of the supergene region has 635‐fold less nucleotide diversity than the rest of the genome. We discuss how this reduction could be due to a recent selective sweep affecting Sb specifically or associated with a population bottleneck during the invasion of North America by the sampled population.
Long-term follow-up of cortisol awakening response in patients treated for stress-related exhaustion

Objectives Studies on hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity in stress-related exhaustion and burnout have revealed incongruent results, and few longitudinal studies on clinical populations have been performed. This study was designed to investigate differences in HPA axis activity between patients with stress-related exhaustion and healthy controls and to investigate longitudinal changes in HPA axis activity in the patient group as they entered a multimodal treatment programme. Design HPA axis activity was assessed through the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Salivary cortisol was sampled at awakening and after 15 min. Follow-up measurements were performed in the patient group after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Setting An outpatient clinic specialising in stress-related illness. Participants Patients with clinically diagnosed stress-related exhaustion (n=162) and healthy controls (n=79). Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary measure was CAR measured as the difference between the two salivary cortisol samples. Changes in CAR during follow-up were related to changes in symptoms of burnout, depression and anxiety. Results Patients showed similar CAR as the controls and their CAR did not change significantly during treatment. No association was found between CAR and symptom development during treatment. Conclusions The authors conclude that CAR does not seem to discriminate clinically defined patients with exhaustion from healthy controls and it appears not to change during treatment. CAR, measured as salivary cortisol, at awakening and after 15 min, is thus not a valid marker for stress-related exhaustion.
The Definitional Side of the Forcing

This paper studies forcing translations of proofs in dependent type theory, through the Curry-Howard correspondence. Based on a call-by-push-value decomposition, we synthesize two simply-typed translations: i) one call-by-value, corresponding to the translation derived from the presheaf construction as studied in a previous paper; ii) one call-by-name, whose intuitions already appear in Krivine and Miquel’s work. Focusing on the call-by-name translation, we adapt it to the dependent case and prove that it is compatible with the definitional equality of our system, thus avoiding coherence problems. This allows us to use any category as forcing conditions, which is out of reach with the call-by-value translation. Our construction also exploits the notion of storage operators in order to interpret dependent elimination for inductive types. This is a novel example of a dependent theory with side-effects, clarifying how dependent elimination for inductive types must be restricted in a non-pure setting. Being implemented as a Coq plugin, this work gives the possibility to formalize easily consistency results, for instance the consistency of the negation of Voevodsky’s univalence axiom.
Integrated Activity and Genetic Profiling of Secreted Peptidases in Cryptococcus neoformans Reveals an Aspartyl Peptidase Required for Low pH Survival and Virulence

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised individuals, resulting in more than 600,000 deaths per year. Many human fungal pathogens secrete peptidases that influence virulence, but in most cases the substrate specificity and regulation of these enzymes remains poorly understood. The paucity of such information is a roadblock to our understanding of the biological functions of peptidases and whether or not these enzymes are viable therapeutic targets. We report here an unbiased analysis of secreted peptidase activity and specificity in C. neoformans using a mass spectrometry-based substrate profiling strategy and subsequent functional investigations. Our initial studies revealed that global peptidase activity and specificity are dramatically altered by environmental conditions. To uncover the substrate preferences of individual enzymes and interrogate their biological functions, we constructed and profiled a ten-member gene deletion collection of candidate secreted peptidases. Through this deletion approach, we characterized the substrate specificity of three peptidases within the context of the C. neoformans secretome, including an enzyme known to be important for fungal entry into the brain. We selected a previously uncharacterized peptidase, which we term Major aspartyl peptidase 1 (May1), for detailed study due to its substantial contribution to extracellular proteolytic activity. Based on the preference of May1 for proteolysis between hydrophobic amino acids, we screened a focused library of aspartyl peptidase inhibitors and identified four high-affinity antagonists. Finally, we tested may1Δ strains in a mouse model of C. neoformans infection and found that strains lacking this enzyme are significantly attenuated for virulence. Our study reveals the secreted peptidase activity and specificity of an important human fungal pathogen, identifies responsible enzymes through genetic tests of their function, and demonstrates how this information can guide the development of high affinity small molecule inhibitors.
ABUSIVE SUPERVISION AS A PREDICTOR OF DEVIANCE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: THE EXACERBATING ROLE OF NARCISSISM AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

Steve M. Jex, Advisor This study examined abusive supervision as a predictor of workplace deviance (organizational, interpersonal, and supervisor-directed) and employee health (depression and anxiety). Based on the threatened egotism hypothesis, I examined narcissism as a moderator of the relationship between abusive supervision and deviance. Based on the within-domain stress exacerbation hypothesis, I also examined supervisor support as a moderator of the relationship between abusive supervision and health. Data from 199 employees in HR/Organizational Psychology-related occupations supported the main effect hypotheses between abusive supervision and interpersonal deviance, supervisordirected deviance, and depression. Narcissism moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and organizational deviance, while supervisor support moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and anxiety. Moreover, I conducted additional analyses in order to more fully investigate the relationships among the main study variables. I discuss the study’s implications for future research and practice.
Textbook of Surgery

Textbook of Surgery. Edited by Guy Blackburn, M B E M.Chir. , F.R. C.S. , and Rex Lawrie, M.D., F.R. C S M.R. C.P., with a foreword by Sir Russell Brock, M.S, F.R. C.S. ; 1958. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 9¾“ × 5¼“, pp. 1136, with many illustrations. Price: 84s. (English).
Non-commercial Research and Educational Use including without Limitation Use in Instruction at Your Institution, Sending It to Specific Colleagues That You Know, and Providing a Copy to Your Institution's Administrator. All Other Uses, Reproduction and Distribution, including without Limitation Comm

In this article we implement a stochastic modeling technique for simulating the communication between processors and arbitration among buses for an embedded SoC. The stochastic models implemented with queues have been used to estimate, through simulation of different arbitration policies, the power consumption and delays, as well as estimate average or worst case scenarios that could occur with different architectures and arbitration policies. This idea could then be extended to writing probabilistic test benches to analyze the performance of different architectures as well as device and test arbitration policies which would attempt to optimize the power consumption and buffer lengths with constraints on the average delay.
Proteolytic activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta from fibroblast-conditioned medium

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is produced by most cultured cells in an inactive form. Potential activation mechanisms of latent TGF beta were studied using fibroblastic (NRK-49F and AKR-MCA) cell- conditioned medium as a model. Active TGF beta was monitored by radioreceptor and soft agar assays as well as by antibody inhibition and immunoprecipitation. Little or no TGF beta was detected in untreated conditioned medium. Treatment of the medium with extremes of pH (1.5 or 12) resulted in significant activation of TGF beta as shown by radioreceptor assays, while mild acid treatment (pH 4.5) yielded only 20-30% of the competition achieved by pH 1.5. In an effort to define more physiological means of TGF beta activation, the effects of some proteases were tested. Plasmin and cathepsin D were found to generate 25-kD bands corresponding to the active form of TGF beta as shown by immunoprecipitation analysis of radiolabeled cell-conditioned medium. Plasmin treatment of the medium resulted in activity that was quantitatively similar to that of mild acid treatment as measured by radioreceptor and soft agar assays. In addition, the plasmin-generated activity was inhibited by anti-TGF beta antibodies. Sequential treatments of AKR-MCA cell-conditioned medium with mild acid followed by plasmin or plasmin followed by mild acid gave activation comparable to either treatment alone. The data suggest that conditioned medium may contain at least two different pools of latent TGF beta. One pool is resistant to mild acid and/or plasmin and requires strong acid or alkali treatment for activation. A second pool is activated by mild pH change and/or plasmin. Activation of this form of latent TGF beta may take place by dissociation or proteolytic digestion from a precursor molecule or hypothetical TGF beta-binding protein complex.
Building Online Trust in a Culture of Confucianism: The Impact of Process Flexibility and Perceived Control

The success of e-commerce companies in a Confucian cultural context takes more than advanced IT and process design that have proven successful in Western countries. The example of eBay’s failure in China indicates that earning the trust of Chinese consumers is essential to success, yet the process of building that trust requires something different from that in the Western culture. This article attempts to build a theoretical model to explore the relationship between the Confucian culture and online trust. We introduce two new constructs, namely process flexibility and perceived control, as particularly important factors in online trust formation in the Chinese cultural context. A survey was conducted to test the proposed theoretical model. This study offers a new explanation for online trust formation in the Confucian context. The findings of this article can provide guidance for companies hoping to successfully navigate the Chinese online market in the future.