Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Profiles and Peer Violence in the Context of School and Leisure Time

Though violence at school is by no means a new phenomenon, there has been growing social and scientific concern about this issue in recent years. The present study builds on prior analysis of the roles adolescents play in peer harassment, and the relationship between violence occurring at school and during free time. A representative sample of students between the ages of 14 and 18 was selected in the Community of Madrid (N = 1622) through random cluster sampling (school was the unit of analysis). Participants completed the C.E. V.E. O. questionnaire, which presents fifteen situations involving peer violence. The results reveal a relationship between violent situations occurring at school and during free time, and between the roles of aggressor and victim during free time. A profile analysis yielded three different categories: the “minimal violence exposure” type (1126 adolescents), the “psychological violence exposure” type (413 adolescents), and the “high risk of violence” type (83 adolescents). Judging from these results, we posit that interventions must be designed which tailor to each group and their respective risk situations. A pesar de que la violencia escolar no es un fenómeno nuevo, en los últimos años ha aumentado la preocupación social y científica en torno a este problema. El presente estudio avanza en el análisis de los roles que las/os adolescentes desempeñan en relación a la violencia entre iguales, y la relación entre la violencia que se produce en la escuela y en el ocio. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de estudiantes, de entre 14 y 18 años, de la Comunidad de Madrid (N = 1.622), a través de un muestreo aleatorio de conglomerados (el centro educativo como unidad de análisis). Los participantes rellenaron el cuestionario C.E. V.E. O. , que evalúa quince situaciones de violencia entre iguales. Los resultados revelan una relación entre las situaciones de violencia en la escuela y en el ocio, y entre los roles de agresor y víctima en el tiempo de ocio. El análisis de tipologías permitió obtener tres perfiles: “mínima exposición a la violencia” (1.126 adolescentes), “exposición a violencia psicológica” (413 adolescentes), “adolescentes en situación de alto riesgo de violencia” (83 adolescentes). A partir de estos resultados, se plantea la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones específicas para cada uno de los grupos en diferente situación de riesgo.
CONFIGURATION OF A FILAMENTOUS NETWORK IN THE AXOPLASM OF THE SQUID (LOLIGO PEALII L.) GIANT NERVE FIBER

High-resolution electron microscopy is integrated with physicochemical methods in order to investigate the following preparations of the giant nerve fibers of the squid (Loligo pealii L.): (1) Thin sections of fibers fixed in four different fixatives; (2) fresh axoplasm stained negatively in solutions of different pH and composition; (3) chemically isolated threadlike elements of the axoplasm. A continuous, three-dimensional network can be identified in all these preparations of the axoplasm. The network is composed of coiled or looped unit-filaments ∼30 A wide. The unit-filaments are intercoiled in strands ∼ 70–250 A wide. The strands are oriented longitudinally in the axoplasm, often having a sinuous course and cross-associations. Microtubules are surrounded by intercoiled unit-filaments and filamentous strands. Calcium ions cause loosening and disintegration of the network configuration. UO2 ++ ions of a 1% uranyl acetate solution at pH 4.4 display a specific affinity for filamentous protein structures of the squid giant nerve fiber axoplasm, segregating the filamentous elements of the axoplasm in a coiled, threadlike preparation. The uranyl ions combine probably with the carboxyl groups of the main amino acids of the protein—glutamic and aspartic acids. It is proposed that by coiling/decoiling and folding/unfolding of the unit-filaments, shifts in physicochemical properties of the axoplasm are maintained.
Tropical cyclone genesis potential index in climate models

Abstract The potential for tropical cyclogenesis in a given ocean basin during its active season has been represented by genesis potential indices, empirically determined functions of large-scale environmental variables which influence tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. Here we examine the ability of some of today’s atmospheric climate models, forced with historical observedSSTover a multidecadal hindcast period, to reproduce observed values and patterns of one such genesis potential index (GP), as well as whether the GP in a given model is a good predictor of the number of TCs generated by that model. The effect of the horizontal resolution of a climate model on its GP is explored. The five analysed models are capable of reproducing the observed seasonal phasing of GP in a given region, but most of them them have a higher GP than observed. Each model has its own unique relationship between climatological GP and climatological TC number; a larger climatological GP in one model compared to others does not imply that that model has a larger climatological number of TCs. The differences among the models in the climatology of TC number thus appear to be related primarily to differences in the dynamics of the simulated storms themselves, rather than to differences in the simulated large-scale environment for genesis. The correlation of interannual anomalies in GP and number of TCs in a given basin also differs significantly from one model to the next. Experiments using the ECHAM5 model at different horizontal resolutions indicate that as resolution increases, model GP also tends to increase. Most of this increase is realized between T42 and T63.
Integrating Dataflow Evaluation into a Practical Higher-Order Call-by-Value Language

Dataflow programming provides an elegant model for computing with values that change over time. While many domain-specific dataflow languages have been developed, this dissertations presents a novel strategy for extending existing general-purpose call-by-value languages with a notion of dataflow evaluation. This strategy has been realized in the language FrTime, an extension of PLT Scheme that runs in the DrScheme programming environment. The primary challenges in developing FrTime have been to resolve interactions between its notion of dataflow and various features of PLT Scheme. This dissertation discusses the design, semantics, and implementation of FrTime, along with several applications.
Functional Comparison of Human Colonic Carcinoma Cell Lines and Primary Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells for Investigations of Intestinal Drug Permeability and First-Pass Metabolism

To further the development of a model for simultaneously assessing intestinal absorption and first-pass metabolism in vitro, Caco-2, LS180, T84, and fetal human small intestinal epithelial cells (fSIECs) were cultured on permeable inserts, and the integrity of cell monolayers, CYP3A4 activity, and the inducibility of enzymes and transporters involved in intestinal drug disposition were measured. Caco-2, T84, and fSIECs all formed tight junctions, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy for zonula occludens-1, which was well organized into circumscribing strands in T84, Caco-2, and fSIECs but was diffuse in LS180 cells. The transepithelial electrical resistance value for LS180 monolayers was lower than that for Caco-2, T84, and fSIECs. In addition, the apical-to-basolateral permeability of the paracellular marker Lucifer yellow across LS180 monolayers was greater than in fSIECs, T84, and Caco-2 monolayers. The transcellular marker propranolol exhibited similar permeability across all cells. With regard to metabolic capacity, T84 and LS180 cells showed comparable basal midazolam hydroxylation activity and was inducible by rifampin and 1α,25(OH)2D3 in LS180 cells, but only marginally so in T84 cells. The basal CYP3A4 activity of fSIECs and Caco-2 cells was much lower and not inducible. Interestingly, some of the drug transporters expressed in LS180 and Caco-2 cells were induced by either 1α,25(OH)2D3 or rifampin or both, but effects were limited in the other two cell lines. These results suggest that none of the cell lines tested fully replicated the drug disposition properties of the small intestine and that the search for an ideal screening tool must continue.
Double Directional Ultra Wideband Channel Characterization in a Line-of-Sight Home Environment

This paper introduces the concept of measuring double directional channels in ultra wideband (UWB) systems. Antenna-independent channel data were derived by doing the measurements in a wooden Japanese house. The data were useful for investigating the impact of UWB antennas and analyzing waveform distortion. Up to 100 ray paths were extracted using the SAGE algorithm and they were regarded as being dominant. The paths were then identified in a real environment, in which clusterization analyses were done using the directional information on both sides of the radio link. Propagating power was found to be concentrated around the specular directions of reflection and diffraction. This led to the observation that the spatio-temporal characteristics of extracted paths greatly reflected the structure and size of the environment. The power in the clusters indicated that the estimated 100 paths contained 73% of the total received power, while the rest existed as diffuse scattering, i.e., the accumulation of weaker paths. The practical limits of path extraction with SAGE were also discussed. Finally, we derived the scattering loss and intra-cluster properties for each reflection order, which were crucial for channel reconstrucion based on the deterministic approach.
Effect of a Constructivist Instructional Strategy on Affective Outcomes by Integrated Science Students

Advocacy for the use of constructivist instructional strategy for teaching science at the primary and secondary school levels is very phenomenal in the literature on science education. This advocacy is strengthened by the assumption that it improves affective outcomes, among others, because it involves negotiation, among others, between the teacher and the students, during instruction. There is the need to seek empirical evidence to support, or not, this advocacy. This study therefore, sought to find out if the constructivist strategy will enhance affective outcomes among integrated science students. Two hundred (111 boys and 89 girls) junior secondary two (grade 8) students participated in this study. Affective Achievement Test with reasonable psychometric integrity, was administered before and after treatment, which utilized a non-equivalent control group design, to measure the treatment effect. The results (F(1, 191) = 69.378, p 0.05). Interaction effects among the variables were not significant. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations are made.
Patent citations as determinants of grant and opposition: case of European wind power industry

ABSTRACT The grant of a patent and filing of an opposition are important events in the lifecycle of a patent. This paper tests the influence of backward citations on the likelihood of a patent grant and, if any, an opposition. Since all citations are not alike, detailed analysis is done by assessing type, nature and origin of citations in European search reports and, where needed, international search reports. The nature of citations, blocking or non-blocking, is found to have a significant impact on the likelihood of a patent being granted. The effect of citations originating during different stages of patent pendency is also explored in this study. For practitioners, the study provides a landscape of the European wind industry that is characterised by popularity of the PCT route, dearth of non-patent citations and dominance of bigger actors. For academics, the study offers novel opportunities to utilise citation based indicators.
Bioprecipitation of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Bacteria Isolated from Saline Environments Grown in Culture Media Amended with Seawater and Real Brine

The precipitation of calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate by isolated bacteria from seawater and real brine obtained in a desalination plant growth in culture media containing seawater and brine as mineral sources has been studied. However, only bioprecipitation was detected when the bacteria were grown in media with added organic matter. Biomineralization process started rapidly, crystal formation taking place in the beginning a few days after inoculation of media; roughly 90% of total cultivated bacteria showed. Six major colonies with carbonate precipitation capacity dominated bacterial community structure cultivated in heterotrophic platable bacteria medium. Taxonomic identification of these six strains through partial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed their affiliation with Gram-positive Bacillus and Virgibacillus genera. These strains were able to form calcium carbonate minerals, which precipitated as calcite and aragonite crystals and showed bacterial fingerprints or bacteria calcification. Also, carbonic anhydrase activity was observed in three of these isolated bacteria. The results of this research suggest that microbiota isolated from sea water and brine is capable of precipitation of carbonate biominerals, which can occur in situ with mediation of organic matter concentrations. Moreover, calcium carbonate precipitation ability of this microbiota could be of importance in bioremediation of CO2 and calcium in certain environments.
Potential Bio-Control Agent from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa against Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen implicated in many outbreaks of listeriosis. This study aimed at screening for the potential use of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ethanolic leaf extract as a bio-control agent against L. monocytogenes. Twenty-two L. monocytogenes isolates were checked with 16 commercial antibiotics and isolates displayed resistance to 10 antibiotics. All the tested isolates were sensitive to the extract with inhibition zones ranging from 14 to 16 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 16 to 32 µg/mL and 128 to 512 µg/mL, respectively. Time-kill assay showed that the extract had remarkable bactericidal effects on L. monocytogenes. The extract at a concentration of 16 µg/mL reduced tolerance to 10% NaCl in L. monocytogenes in 4 h. Stationary phase L. monocytogenes cells were rapidly inactivated by greater than 3-log units within 30 min of contact time with R. tomentosa extract at 128 µg/mL. Electron microscopy revealed fragmentary bacteria with changes in the physical and morphological properties. Our study demonstrates the potential of the extract for further development into a bio-control agent in food to prevent the incidence of L. monocytogenes contamination.
Mental well-being of mothers with preschool children in Japan: The importance of spousal involvement in childrearing

Abstract Japan’s low fertility rate and rapidly aging population have prompted a series of government policies aimed to minimize disincentives to motherhood. Father’s participation in childcare and housework is one factor thought to minimize the stress and workload of wage-earning motherhood. Using an internet survey of Japanese women designed by the Japanese Institute for Labor Policy and Training (N = 495), this study explores the associations between labor force participation, unmet need for spousal support, and self-reported mental health of Japanese women with preschool-aged children. We find a positive relationship between mothers’ reports of unmet spousal need and perceived challenges to mental well-being. Results suggest that attention to maternal mental health and unmet spousal support need is needed not only for mothers who participate in the labor force but perhaps especially for stay-at-home mothers.
Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities and high-resolution esophageal manometry findings in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux

Abstract Background: The association between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and abnormalities of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and esophageal motility is not clearly known. High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) has allowed accurate measurement and evaluation of UES and esophageal function. Goals: To evaluate the UES function and esophageal motility using HREM in patients with LPR and compare them to patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Study: All patients evaluated for GERD or LPR symptoms with esophageal function testing including HREM, ambulatory distal pH monitoring and upper endoscopy between 2006 and 2014 were retrospectively studied (n = 220). The study group (group A, n = 57) consisted of patients diagnosed with LPR after comprehensive evaluation. They were compared to patients who had typical GERD symptoms only (group B, n = 98) and patients with both GERD and LPR symptoms (group C, n = 65). Results: Abnormalities in UES pressures and relaxation were found in about one-third of patients in all groups. There were no significant differences between the groups. Group B had higher prevalence of abnormal esophageal motility compared to others (group A vs. B vs. C = 20.8% vs. 28% vs. 12.5%, p = .029). Group B patients also had higher prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus compared to others (group A vs. B vs. C = 0% vs.12.2% vs. 4.6%, p = .01). Distal pH testing revealed no significant differences between the three groups. Conclusions: Abnormal UES function was noted in one-third of patients with LPR or GERD. However, there were no abnormalities on esophageal function testing specific for LPR.
Emerging viewertariat: explaining twitter responses to Nick Griffin’s appearance on BBC Question Time

This paper attempts to advance the study of microblogging and political events by investigating how one particular high profile programme acted as a stimulus to real-time commentary from viewers using Twitter. Our case study is a controversial, high-ratings episode of BBC Question Time, the weekly British political debate show, broadcast in October 2009, in which Nick Griffin, leader of the far right British National Party, appeared as a panelist. The ‘Viewertariat’ that emerges around a political event such as this broadcast affords the opportunity to explore interaction across media formats. The paper contains our first efforts to understand this relationship. In order to do this, we gathered 43,730 tweets and analysed them to learn the extent to which this content was structured through the use of addressed tweets, hashtags and retweets, and the distribution of comments among both users and over time. We then narrow our focus to understand a specific segment of the programme, focusing on a period around 23:20, the point in time where the Viewertariat is most verbose. We argue that this example demonstrates a fluid ‘structure of participation’ in which the Viewertariat responded to the broadcast in various ways. This raises several questions for further research and offers the potential for great methodological innovation, an issue we consider in the conclusion of this paper. The full text of the paper may be downloaded from the UEA working paper series website.
Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents in Green Tea with Different Plucking Periods and Their Antioxidant Activity

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the plucking periods and the major constituents and the antioxidant activity in green tea. Green tea was prepared from leaves plucked from the end of April 2013 to the end of May 2013 at intervals of one week or longer. The contents of theanine, theobromine, caffeine, catechin (C), and gallocatechin gallate (GCg) were significantly decreased, whereas those of epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and epigallocatechin (EGC) were significantly increased along with the period of tea leaf plucking. In addition, antioxidant activity of green tea and standard catechins was investigated using ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in relatively the oldest leaf, regardless of the assay methods used. Additionally, the order of antioxidant activity of standard catechins was as follows: EGCg ≥ GCg ≥ ECg > EGC ≥ GC ≥ EC ≥ C. Moreover, the cis-catechins contents were the key factor affecting the antioxidant activity of green tea in all assays employed (ABTS, r = 0.731, p < 0.01; FRAP, r = 0.886, p < 0.01; DPPH, r = 0.778, p < 0.01).
Remodelling of supraspinal neuroglial network in neuropathic pain is featured by a reactive gliosis of the nociceptive amygdala

Many brain areas participate to supraspinal control of nociception. In these regions, few studies have investigated the role of glial cells in supraspinal plasticity and the effect of 7‐day intrathecal nerve growth factor‐like (BB14®, Blueprint Biotech, Milano, Italy) treatment.
MTH1 expression is required for effective transformation by oncogenic HRAS

Due to sustaining elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), oncogenic RAS-transformed cells upregulate redox-protective genes, among them the mammalian 8-oxodGTPase, MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1). We previously showed MTH1 abrogates RAS oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in normal cells and that its inhibition compromises the tumorigenicity of established oncogenic RAS-harboring cancer cells. Here, we investigated how pre-transformation MTH1 levels in immortalized cells influence HRASV12-induced oncogenic transformation. We find MTH1 suppression prior to HRASV12 transduction into BEAS2B immortalized epithelial cells compromised maintenance of high RASV12- and oncogenic ROS-expressing cell populations. Furthermore, pre-transformation MTH1 levels modulated the efficiency of HRASV12-mediated soft agar colony formation. Downstream transformation-associated traits such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were also compromised by MTH1 inhibition. These collective effects were observed to a greater degree in cells harboring high vs. low RASV12 levels, suggesting MTH1 is required for tumor cells to accumulate RAS oncoprotein. This is significant as, a priori, one cannot ascertain whether tumor-promoting adaptations wrought by introducing oncogenic RAS into an immortalized cell are capable of overcoming pre-transformation deficiencies. Our results suggest nucleotide pool sanitization comprises an important transformation-promoting requirement that, if compromised, cannot be adequately compensated post-transformation and thus is likely to affect optimal development and progression of RAS-driven tumors.