Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of a 'flipped classroom' approach to teaching and learning: A case study

This paper reports the findings of a research inquiry into undergraduate student and teacher perceptions of a flipped classroom experience in the School of Education at Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom. The purpose of the research was to identify whether this approach to learning, resulting in new pedagogy, is a positive experience for students and staff. The methodology used in this study was primarily questionnaires, observations and interviews. The findings indicate that although respondents (n=90) benefited from this approach and new pedagogy, particularly the collaborative learning environment and more individual experience of leaning, there are emerging challenges such as resourcing, support for tutors and transitioning students. This paper provides new knowledge relating to introducing flipped learning into Higher Education.
The 1.6-Å crystal structure of the class of chaperones represented by Escherichia coli Hsp31 reveals a putative catalytic triad

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play essential protective roles under stress conditions by preventing the formation of protein aggregates and degrading misfolded proteins. EcHsp31, the yedU (hchA) gene product, is a representative member of a family of chaperones that alleviates protein misfolding by interacting with early unfolding intermediates. The 1.6-Å crystal structure of the EcHsp31 dimer reveals a system of hydrophobic patches, canyons, and grooves, which may stabilize partially unfolded substrate. The presence of a well conserved, yet buried, triad in each two-domain subunit suggests a still unproven hydrolytic function of the protein. A flexible extended linker between the A and P domains may play a role in conformational flexibility and substrate binding. The α-β sandwich of the EcHsp31 monomer shows structural similarity to PhPI, a protease belonging to the DJ-1 superfamily. The structure-guided sequence alignment indicates that Hsp31 homologs can be divided in three classes based on variations in the P domain that dramatically affect both oligomerization and catalytic triad formation.
Speech-to-Singing Synthesis: Converting Speaking Voices to Singing Voices by Controlling Acoustic Features Unique to Singing Voices

This paper describes a speech-to-singing synthesis system that can synthesize a singing voice, given a speaking voice reading the lyrics of a song and its musical score. The system is based on the speech manipulation system STRAIGHT and comprises three models controlling three acoustic features unique to singing voices: the fundamental frequency (F0), phoneme duration, and spectrum. Given the musical score and its tempo, the F0 control model generates the F0 contour of the singing voice by controlling four types of F0 fluctuations: overshoot, vibrato, preparation, and fine fluctuation. The duration control model lengthens the duration of each phoneme in the speaking voice by considering the duration of its musical note. The spectral control model converts the spectral envelope of the speaking voice into that of the singing voice by controlling both the singing formant and the amplitude modulation of formants in synchronization with vibrato. Experimental results show that the proposed system can convert speaking voices into singing voices whose naturalness is almost the same as actual singing voices.
Elevation in Body Temperature to Fever Range Enhances and Prolongs Subsequent Responsiveness of Macrophages to Endotoxin Challenge

Macrophages are often considered the sentries in innate immunity, sounding early immunological alarms, a function which speeds the response to infection. Compared to the large volume of studies on regulation of macrophage function by pathogens or cytokines, relatively little attention has been devoted to the role of physical parameters such as temperature. Given that temperature is elevated during fever, a long-recognized cardinal feature of inflammation, it is possible that macrophage function is responsive to thermal signals. To explore this idea, we used LPS to model an aseptic endotoxin-induced inflammatory response in BALB/c mice and found that raising mouse body temperature by mild external heat treatment significantly enhances subsequent LPS-induced release of TNF-α into the peritoneal fluid. It also reprograms macrophages, resulting in sustained subsequent responsiveness to LPS, i.e., this treatment reduces “endotoxin tolerance” in vitro and in vivo. At the molecular level, elevating body temperature of mice results in a increase in LPS-induced downstream signaling including enhanced phosphorylation of IKK and IκB, NF-κB nuclear translocation and binding to the TNF-α promoter in macrophages upon secondary stimulation. Mild heat treatment also induces expression of HSP70 and use of HSP70 inhibitors (KNK437 or Pifithrin-µ) largely abrogates the ability of the thermal treatment to enhance TNF-α, suggesting that the induction of HSP70 is important for mediation of thermal effects on macrophage function. Collectively, these results support the idea that there has been integration between the evolution of body temperature regulation and macrophage function that could help to explain the known survival benefits of fever in organisms following infection.
Tailoring the software maintenance process to better support complex systems evolution projects

When an organization considers the evolution of a software-intensive system, the selection of the software maintenance process to be adopted must include consideration of the particular technical criteria, such as the application domain, the size and complexity of the final product, the hosting system characteristics, etc, yet be driven by the specific organization's goals, environment and maturity.By describing and analysing a real project, this paper shows how different approaches and techniques, usually applied in isolation, can be selected, customized and combined to implement a software maintenance and evolution process that better satisfies the goals and meets the constraints of the organization. The project was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of enhancing an aircraft avionics system by integrating new capabilities and, eventually, to identify a quick, low-cost and low-risk solution.
Isolation and characterization of APSE-1, a bacteriophage infecting the secondary endosymbiont of Acyrthosiphon pisum.

A bacteriophage infecting the secondary endosymbiont of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was isolated and characterized. The phage was tentatively named bacteriophage APSE-1, for bacteriophage 1 of the A. pisum secondary endosymbiont. The APSE-1 phage particles morphologically resembled those of species of the Podoviridae. The complete nucleotide sequence of the bacteriophage APSE-1 genome was elucidated, and its genomic organization was deduced. The genome consists of a circularly permuted and terminally redundant double-stranded DNA molecule of 36524 bp. Fifty-four open reading frames, putatively encoding proteins with molecular masses of more than 8 kDa, were distinguished. ORF24 was identified as the gene coding for the major head protein by N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the protein. Comparison of APSE-1 sequences with bacteriophage-derived sequences present in databases revealed the putative function of 24 products, including the lysis proteins, scaffolding protein, transfer proteins, and DNA polymerase. This is the first report of a phage infecting an endosymbiont of an arthropod.
Flight attendants' daily recovery from work: Is there no place like home?

This article builds on earlier work on recovery from work during off-job time and specifically addresses recovery in flight attendants, a group of employees whose work is characterized by a high degree of emotion work demands. Forty-seven flight attendants completed daily surveys on a tota lo f 4 evenings when they stayed at home or when they stayed in a hotel. Multilevel analysis showed staying in a hotel did not impair well-being at bedtime. Spending time on work-related activities during off-job time decreased wellbeing, whereas spending time on physical activities (i.e., sports) and experiencing off-job time activities as recovery improved well-being, also when initial well-being immediately after work was controlled. Time spent on social activities increased depression during the evening. As a whole, this study largely confirms findings from previous research with other professional groups.
Phrase accents revisited: comparative evidence from standard and cypriot greek

Phrase accents, one of the three tonal categories assumed by much recent research on intonation, are expected to associate with a prosodic boundary (e.g. the end of the utterance) but not to phonetically align with a specific tone-bearing unit (TBU), such as a stressed syllable. This paper presents experimental evidence on the intonation of Cypriot Greek polar questions suggesting that phrase accents prefer to associate with specific TBUs. Concretely, it is shown that in Cypriot Greek polar question intonation, autosegmentally described as L* H L%, the H phrase accent does not align with the final stressed vowel as in Standard Greek, but instead it aligns approximately 30ms from the onset of either the penultimate or the final vowel of the utterance. The data provide evidence that phrase accents, like other tonal categories, exhibit stable phonetic alignment and support Ladd, Arvaniti and Mennen's (1997) typology of stress-seeking and non-stress-seeking phrase accents.
LAKE FOREST COLLEGE Senior Thesis The Developmental Disruptions of Ventral Hippocampal PV-Positive Interneurons by Early Adolescent Drug Exposure by

Adolescence is associated with an amplified susceptibility to such neuropsychological disorders as schizophrenia and drug abuse. In the brain, a ventral hippocampal-prefrontal cortex pathway mediates cortical functioning by specialized GABAergic interneurons, marked by selective expression of calcium binding proteins, Parvalbumin (PV) or Calretinin (CR). A previous study showed that PV and CR interneurons undergo changes throughout development in the prefrontal cortex (Caballero et al., 2012); however, whether such changes occur in the ventral hippocampus is unknown. Thus, we examined the expression of PV and CR in the ventral hippocampus of male rats and found that PV expression undergoes a significant upregulation after postnatal day 35 (PD35) in adolescents (PD45-55) and adults (PD65-75) compared to juveniles (PD25-35). In contrast, there was no change in CR expression. Next, we determined if PV expression is disrupted by early adolescent exposure (PD35-40) to drugs. Results indicated that an NMDA antagonist, MK-801 and cocaine prevented the normative upregulation of PV interneurons in the ventral hippocampus, but not for a CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN. Together, these findings allow us to understand the developmental regulation of GABAergic circuits and factors that may impact neurodevelopment.
An Efficient Monte Carlo-Transformed Field Expansion Method for Electromagnetic Wave Scattering by Random Rough Surfaces

This paper develops an efficient and accurate numerical method for the computation of electromagnetic waves scattered by random rough surfaces. The method is based upon a combination of the Transformed Field Expansion method, which represents the solution as a provably convergent power series, and the Monte Carlo technique for sampling the probability space. The compelling aspect of the proposed method is that, at each perturbation order and every sample, the governing Transformed Field Expansion equations share the same deterministic Helmholtz operator on a deterministic domain. Thus, an LU factorization of the matrix discretization of this single operator can be employed repeatedly for all orders and every sample. Consequently, the computational complexity of the whole algorithm is significantly reduced as a result. Numerical examples are described which demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm. AMS subject classifications: 35J05, 35Q60, 65C05, 65C30, 78M22
Neuromuscular regeneration by buccal motoneuron B15 after peripheral nerve crush in Aplysia californica.

1. We studied regeneration of neuromuscular connections by identified buccal motoneuron B15 after axotomy produced by crushing nerve 4; the intact contralateral nerve 4 served as control. Electrophysiological recordings, intracellular dye injections, and light and electron microscopy were used to characterize the nature and time course of neuromuscular reinnervation as well as the fate of the isolated distal stump of the motor axon. 2. Axonal outgrowth or sprouting in the form of numerous "regenerites" occurred from the proximal stump of the transected B15 axon, and these regenerites projected through the crush site along the length of the nerve to innervate target muscles at the periphery. 3. Reinnervation of one of the target muscles, the accessory radula closer (I5), was first detected 3 wk after nerve crush. Neuromuscular excitatory postsynaptic potentials measured in individual I5 muscle fibers were initially small and approached control amplitudes by 8 wk postlesion. Newly regenerated neuromuscular synapses displayed facilitation and depression to repeated B15 stimulation with properties similar to those of control synapses, even at early times postlesion. 4. Reinnervation of other buccal muscles by B15, such as I4, appeared slightly delayed relative to that observed for I5. No evidence of abnormal or enlarged fields of innervation were observed, and as in control preparations, regenerated neuromuscular connections were strictly limited to muscles ipsilateral to the B15 cell body. 5. Physiological evidence suggested that the distal axon stumps of B15, although isolated from their cell bodies, survive for several weeks after axotomy. In addition, several large axon profiles indicative of motor axons were seen in cross-sections of nerve 4 taken close to the muscle and distal to the crush site, indicating survival of distal axon stumps. 6. When B15 was selectively stimulated, the newly formed regenerites failed to fire the distal axon stump of B15, demonstrating that the regenerites do not reinnervate the distal stump. 7. Degeneration of axons in nerve 4 distal to the crush site was observed in cross-sections of the nerve at 8 wk postlesion; using ultrathin sections we found cellular debris in individual axon profiles as well as large acellular masses within nerve 4, the latter likely representing the concretion of many axons. Additional evidence for such degenerative changes appeared in the form of autofluorescing spherical bodies or "spheroids" both in individual axons and the nerve distal to the crush site. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The "inverse relationship between evolutionary rate and age of mammalian genes" is an artifact of increased genetic distance with rate of evolution and time of divergence.

It has recently been claimed that older genes tend to evolve more slowly than newer ones (Alba and Castresana 2005). By simulation of genes of equal age, we show that the inverse correlation between age and rate is an artifact caused by our inability to detect homology when evolutionary distances are large. Since evolutionary distance increases with time of divergence and rate of evolution, homologs of fast-evolving genes are frequently undetected in distantly related taxa and are, hence, misclassified as "new. " This misclassification causes the mean genetic distance of 'new' genes to be overestimated and the mean genetic distance of "old" genes to be underestimated.
Can Serum be Used for Analyzing the EGFR Mutation Status in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer?

Background:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations as prognostic or predictive marker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been used widely. However, it may be difficult to get tumor tissue for analyzing the status of EGFR mutation status in large proportion of patients with advanced disease. Patients and Methods:We obtained pairs of tumor and serum samples from 57 patients with advanced NSCLC, between March 2006 and January 2009. EGFR mutation status from tumor samples was analyzed by genomic polymerase chain reaction and direct sequence and EGFR mutation status from serum samples was determined by the peptide nucleic acid locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction clamp. Results:EGFR mutations were detected in the serum samples of 11 patients and in the tumor samples of 12 patients. EGFR mutation status in the serum and tumor samples was consistent in 50 of the 57 pairs (87.7%). There was a high correlation between the mutations detected in serum sample and the mutations detected in the matched tumor sample (correlation index 0.62; P<0.001). Twenty-two of 57 patients (38.5%) received EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors as any line therapy. The response for EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors was significantly associated with EGFR mutations in both tumor samples and serum samples (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in overall survival according to the status of EGFR mutations in both serum and tumor samples (P>0.05). Conclusions:Serum sample might be alternatively used in the difficult time of getting tumor tissue for analyzing the status of EGFR mutation status in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Low bone mineral density is associated with the onset of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee

Background and purpose The primary event preceding the onset of symptoms in spontaneous osteonecrosis in the medial femoral condyle (SONK) may be a subchondral insufficiency fracture, which may be associated with underlying low bone mineral density (BMD). However, the pathogenesis of SONK is considered to be multifactorial. Women over 60 years of age tend to have higher incidence of SONK and low BMD. We investigated whether there may be an association between low BMD and SONK in women who are more than 60 years old. Methods We compared the BMD of 26 women with SONK within 3 months after the onset of symptoms to that of 26 control women with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). All the SONK patients had typical clinical presentations and met specified criteria on MRI. The BMDs measured at the lumbar spine, ipsilateral femoral neck, and knee condyles and the ratios of medial condyle BMD to lateral condyle BMD (medial-lateral ratios) in the femur and tibia were compared between the two groups. The medial-lateral ratios were used as parameters for comparisons of the BMDs at both condyles. Results The mean femoral neck, lateral femoral condyle, and lateral tibial condyle BMDs were between x% and y% lower in the SONK patients than in the OA patients (p < 0.001). The mean femoral and tibial medial-lateral ratios were statistically significantly higher in the SONK patients than in the OA patients. Interpretation A proportion of women over 60 years of age have low BMD that progresses rapidly after menopause and can precipitate a microfracture. These findings support the subchondral insufficiency fracture theory for the onset of SONK based on low BMD.
Performance appraisal and management: The developing research agenda

Performance appraisal has widened as a concept and as a set of practices and in the form of performance management has become part of a more strategic approach to integrating HR activities and business policies. As a result of this, the research on the subject has moved beyond the limited confines of measurement issues and accuracy of performance ratings and has begun to focus more of social and motivational aspects of appraisal. This article identifies and discusses a number of themes and trends that together make up the developing research agenda for this field. It breaks these down in terms of the nature of appraisal and the context in which it operates. The former is considered in terms of contemporary thinking on the content of appraisal (contextual performance, goal orientation and self awareness) and the process of appraisal (appraiser-appraisee interaction, and multi-source feedback). The discussion of the context of appraisal concentrates on cultural differences and the impact of new technology. In reviewing these emerging areas of research, the article seeks to explore some of the implications for appraisal practice at both organizational and individual levels.
Chorismate mutase and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase of the methylotrophic actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica

Chorismate mutase (CM) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase (DS) are key regulatory enzymes in L-Phe and L-Tyr biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis methanolica. At least two CM proteins, CMIa and CMIb, are required for the single chorismate mutase activity in the wild type. Component CMIa (a homodimeric protein with 16-kDa subunits) was purified to homogeneity (2,717-fold) and kinetically characterized. The partially purified CMIb preparation obtained also contained the single DS (DSI) activity detectable in the wild type. The activities of CMIa and CMIb were inhibited by both L-Phe and L-Tyr. DSI activity was inhibited by L-Trp, L-Phe, and L-Tyr. A leaky L-Phe-requiring auxotroph, mutant strain GH141, grown under L-Phe limitation, possessed additional DS (DSII) and CM (CMII) activities. Synthesis of both CMII and DSII was repressed by L-Phe. An ortho-DL-fluorophenylalanine-resistant mutant of the wild type (strain oFPHE83) that had lost the sensitivity of DSII and CMII synthesis to L-Phe repression was isolated. DSII was partially purified (a 42-kDa protein); its activity was strongly inhibited by L-Tyr. CMII was purified to homogeneity (93.6 fold) and characterized as a homodimeric protein with 16-kDa subunits, completely insensitive to feedback inhibition by L-Phe and L-Tyr. The activity of CMII was activated by CMIb; the activity of CMII plus CMIb was again inhibited by L-Phe and L-Tyr. A tightly blocked L-Phe- plus L-Tyr-requiring derivative of mutant strain GH141, GH141-19, that had lost both CMIa and CMII activities was isolated. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Perceived Need Deficiencies of Teachers And Administrators: A Proposal for Restructuring Teacher Roles

Based upon Maslow's theory of human motivation and modeled after Porter's research in industry, the following study reports on the perceived needs of school teachers and administrators arising from their employ ment. The authors discover that factors such as age, sex, and professional role are significantly related to the perception of need deficiencies. Their findings suggest to the researchers that teaching and administrative roles ought to be restructured drastically. Mr. Trusty is assistant professor of education at the University of Rochester, while Mr. Sergiovanni is as sistant professor of educational administration at the University of Illinois.
Diploid male production correlates with genetic diversity in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens: a genetic approach with new microsatellite markers

Sex determination is ruled by haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, with haploid males arising from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. However, diploid males with null fitness are produced under Complementary Sex Determination (CSD), whenindividuals are homozygous for this locus. Diploid males are expected to be more frequent in genetically eroded populations (such as islands and captive populations), as genetic diversity at the csd locus should be low. However, only a few studies have focused on the relation between population size, genetic diversity and the proportion of diploid males in the field. Here, we developed new microsatellites markers in order to assess and compare genetic diversity and diploid male proportion in populations from three distinct habitat types (mainland, island or captive), in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. Eroded genetic diversity and higher diploid male proportion were found in island and captive populations, and habitat type had large effect on genetic diversity. Therefore, diploid male proportion reflects the decreasing genetic diversity in small and isolated populations. Thus, Hymenopteran populations can be at high extinction risk due to habitat destruction or fragmentation.