Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propagation Losses Through Common Building Materials 2 . 4 GHz vs 5 GHz Reflection and Transmission Losses Through Common Building Materials

1 robertwilson@ieee.org 2 A special note of thanks to Robert Wilson who performed all of this work during the 2002 summer, and his advisor, Dr. Robert Scholtz, Director of the UltraLab at USC. A further note of thanks to Vulcan Ventures which donated USC's anechoic chamber that was used in conducting all of these measurements.
Radiolaria Divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in Combined 18S and 28S rDNA Phylogeny

Radiolarians are marine planktonic protists that belong to the eukaryote supergroup Rhizaria together with Foraminifera and Cercozoa. Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recent 18S rDNA phylogenies have shown that Phaeodaria belongs within Cerocozoa, and that the previously heliozoan group Taxopodida should be included in Radiolaria. 18S rDNA phylogenies have not yet resolved the sister relationship between the main Radiolaria groups, but nevertheless suggests that Spumellaria, and thereby also Polycystina, are polyphyletic. Very few sequences other than 18S rDNA have so far been generated from radiolarian cells, mostly due to the fact that Radiolaria has been impossible to cultivate and single cell PCR has been hampered by low success rate. Here we have therefore investigated the mutual evolutionary relationship of the main radiolarian groups by using the novel approach of combining single cell whole genome amplification with targeted PCR amplification of the 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Combined 18S and 28S phylogeny of sequences obtained from single cells shows that Radiolaria is divided into two main lineages: Polycystina (Spumellaria+Nassellaria) and Spasmaria (Acantharia+Taxopodida). Further we show with high support that Foraminifera groups within Radiolaria supporting the Retaria hypothesis.
AutoGait: A mobile platform that accurately estimates the distance walked

AutoGait is a mobile platform that autonomously discovers a user's walking profile and accurately estimates the distance walked. The discovery is made by utilizing the GPS in the user's mobile device when the user is walking outdoors. This profile can then be used both indoors and outdoors to estimate the distance walked. To model the person's walking profile, we take advantage of the fact that a linear relationship exists between step frequency and stride length, which is unique to individuals and applies to everyone regardless of age. Autonomous calibration invisible to users allows the system to maintain a high level of accuracy under changing conditions. AutoGait can be integrated into any pedometer or indoor navigation software on handheld devices as long as they are equipped with GPS. The main contribution of this paper is two fold: (1) we propose an auto-calibration method that trains a person's walking profile by effectively processing noisy GPS readings, and (2) we build a prototype system and validate its performance by performing extensive experiments. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed auto-calibration method can accurately estimate a person's walking profile and thus significantly reduce the error rate.
On Biophysical Properties and Sensitivity to Gap Junction Blockers of Connexin 39 Hemichannels Expressed in HeLa Cells

Although connexins (Cxs) are broadly expressed by cells of mammalian organisms, Cx39 has a very restricted pattern of expression and the biophysical properties of Cx39-based channels [hemichannels (HCs) and gap junction channels (GJCs)] remain largely unknown. Here, we used HeLa cells transfected with Cx39 (HeLa-Cx39 cells) in which intercellular electrical coupling was not detected, indicating the absence of GJCs. However, functional HCs were found on the surface of cells exposed to conditions known to increase the open probability of other Cx HCs (e.g., extracellular divalent cationic-free solution (DCFS), extracellular alkaline pH, mechanical stimulus and depolarization to positive membrane potentials). Cx39 HCs were blocked by some traditional Cx HC blockers, but not by others or a pannexin1 channel blocker. HeLa-Cx39 cells showed similar resting membrane potentials (RMPs) to those of parental cells, and exposure to DCFS reduced RMPs in Cx39 transfectants, but not in parental cells. Under these conditions, unitary events of ~75 pS were frequent in HeLa-Cx39 cells and absent in parental cells. Real-time cellular uptake experiments of dyes with different physicochemical features, as well as the application of a machine-learning approach revealed that Cx39 HCs are preferentially permeable to molecules characterized by six categories of descriptors, namely: (1) electronegativity, (2) ionization potential, (3) polarizability, (4) size and geometry, (5) topological flexibility and (6) valence. However, Cx39 HCs opened by mechanical stimulation or alkaline pH were impermeable to Ca2+. Molecular modeling of Cx39-based channels suggest that a constriction present at the intracellular portion of the para helix region co-localizes with an electronegative patch, imposing an energetic and steric barrier, which in the case of GJCs may hinder channel function. Results reported here demonstrate that Cx39 form HCs and add to our understanding of the functional roles of Cx39 HCs under physiological and pathological conditions in cells that express them.
Socioeconomic differences in children's and adolescents' hospital admissions in Germany: a report based on health insurance data on selected diagnostic categories

Study objective: The extent of social inequalities in children's hospitalisation risks was examined in terms of socioeconomic status and parents' nationality. This was considered in terms of inpatient treatment attributable to a number of diagnoses (ICD-9), especially infectious diseases and psychiatric disorders. Design and setting: Analyses were performed with records of a German statutory health insurance comprising 48 412 (52.8% male and 47.2% female) children and adolescents of 15 years of age or younger who were co-insured between 1987 and 1996. Classification of socioeconomic position was based on parental occupational position. Results: Social inequalities in terms of hospital admissions attributable to acute diseases were rather small. The only exception were infections of the respiratory organs: in the highest status positions as compared with the lowest one the relative risk for being admitted was RR=0.22 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.89). However, length of stay in hospital was significantly related to socioeconomic position for infections of the upper respiratory tract and infections of the respiratory organs, with children and adolescents with the lowest socioeconomic background having spent the longest periods in hospital. With regard to nationality, pneumonia/flu was the only diagnostic category where relative risks for being admitted were higher in non-German children and adolescents (RR=1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8). Conversely, hospital admissions attributable to psychiatric diagnoses were significantly lower among non-German patients (RR=0.43; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.61), thus suggesting differential utilisation patterns according to nationality. Conclusions: Health inequalities in children's and adolescents' hospital admissions in Germany are small and inconsistent if parents' socioeconomic status and nationality are taken as criterion. Yet, children of lower status background stay longer in hospital if suffering from highly prevalent infectious diseases. This last observation may be attributable to more severe disease conditions.
An Empirical Study for the Automatic Acquisition of Topic Signatures

The main goal of this work is to compare different methods for building Topic Signatures, which are vectors of weighted words acquired from large corpora. We used two different software tools, ExRetriever [Cuadros et al., 2004] and Infomap [Dorow and Widdows, 2003], for acquiring Topic Signatures from corpus. Using these tools, we retrieve sense examples from large text collections. We also include in the comparison the Topic Signatures acquired previously by [Agirre and de la Calle, 2004] from the web. The three systems construct queries for each word sense using WordNet. ExRetriever and Infomap acquire the sense examples from the British National Corpus. The quality of the acquired Topic Signatures is indirectly evaluated on the Word Sense Disambiguation English Lexical Task of Senseval-2.
Richer Event Description: Integrating event coreference with temporal, causal and bridging annotation

There have been a wide range of recent annotated corpora concerning events, either regarding event coreference, the temporal order of events, hierarchical “subevent” structure of events, or causal relationships between events. However, although some believe that these different phenomena will display rich interactions, relatively few corpora annotate all of those layers of annotation in a uniﬁed fashion. This paper describes the annotation methodology for the Richer Event Descriptions corpus, which annotates entities, events, times, their coreference and partial coreference relations, and the temporal, causal and subevent relationships between the events. It suggests that such rich annotations of within-document event phenomena can be built with high quality through a multi-stage annotation pipeline, and that the resultant corpus could be useful for systems hoping to transition from the detection of isolated mentions of events toward a richer understanding of events grounded in the temporal, causal, referential and bridging relations that deﬁne them.
The timing of pre-nuclear pitch accents in Persian

This paper examines the phonetic realization of rising pre-nuclear pitch accents in Persian. In a first experiment, the alignment of f0 valleys and peaks in pre-nuclear pitch accents was analyzed in controlled speech materials as a function of the syllable structure (open vs. closed) and vowel type (short vs. long) of the accented syllable. The results revealed that in words with antepenultimate stress, both the L and the H tones are anchored to specific segmental landmarks irrespective of syllable structure or vowel type. In particular, the L is consistently aligned with the onset of the accented syllable, and the H is placed with similar consistency in the vicinity of the first post-accentual vowel. In a second experiment, the variability in the timing and scaling of L valleys and H peaks was examined as a function of the proximity of the word boundary and of the following accent. The results revealed that while the alignment of the L was unaffected by changes in stress conditions, H peaks were significantly retracted as the syllable approached the end of the word. However, the proximity of the following accent did not produce a significant effect on H alignment. In addition, no significant differences were found on L and H scaling in different stress or tonal crowding conditions. Overall, the results contribute to a growing body of evidence that in the absence of upcoming prosodic pressure, the alignment of pitch targets is specified relative to segmental positions. A comparison between these findings and empirical findings from other languages reveals fine phonetic differences of segmental anchoring that are less likely to be interpreted in terms of distinct association-based phonological representations, and suggests that some aspects of segmental anchoring need to be explained in terms of continuous language-specific alignment rules.
Clinician predictions of couple abilities to cope with crisis

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Relation of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life with Outcome after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Background. Despite, increasing number of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) being performed, there is a paucity of Indian studies on the psychological effects of PTCA. Aim. To study the relation of anxiety, depression, and health related quality of life with outcome after PTCA. Methods. A total of 35 patients undergoing PTCA were included in the present project with their informed consent. All patients filled a specially designed proforma, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Coronary Scale, Seattle Angina Questionnaire, and a health related quality of life measure (EQ 5D) one day before undergoing PTCA. Three days after PTCA patients were reassessed with the Hospital anxiety & depression scale, Seattle angina questionnaire and the EQ 5D. Results. Analysis showed that 46% had significant anxiety and 32.1% had significant depression before PTCA. Following successful PTCA, none of the patients had significant anxiety, and only 2 (3.6%) had significant depression. On the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, physical limitation reduced from 67.9 to 48. Disease perception improved from 21.2 to 37.1. On the EQ5D, the health status improved from 42.7 before PTCA to 78.7 after PTCA. Conclusion. Successful PTCA resulted in significant reduction in anxiety, depression, and physical limitation and improvement in disease perception and health status.
The role of similarity in inattentional blindness: Selective enhancement, selective suppression, or both?†

ABSTRACT When people selectively pay attention to one set of objects and ignore another, unexpected stimuli often go unnoticed. Noticing rates are higher when the unexpected object matches the features of the attended items and lower when it matches those of the ignored items. No prior studies have fully disentangled these aspects of similarity; in previous work, the unexpected object fell on a continuum between the attended and ignored objects, so increasing the similarity to one set of objects necessarily decreased it to the other. We designed an inattentional blindness task in which we held similarity to the attended set constant and varied it with respect only to the ignored set, or vice versa. In Experiment 1, objects that were more similar to the attended set were noticed more often and objects that were more similar to the ignored set were noticed less often. Experiment 2, using a different set of unexpected objects, replicated the result that similarity to the ignored set affected noticing, but showed no effect of similarity to the attended set. In both experiments, the pattern of noticing rates differed for similarity with respect to the attended and ignored items, suggesting that suppression of ignored objects functions independently of enhancement of attended objects.
Psychological Androgyny and Marital Adjustment.

The relationship between marital adjustment and personality correlates associated with four possible sex role outcomes was investi­ gated. Subjects included 93 couples (52 college student couples and 41 nonstudent couples) who had been married at least two years. Marital adjustment scores on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale were analyzed separately for husbands and wives. Subjects were divided into one of the following sex role groups based on ratings on the Personal Attributes Questionnaire: High Mascu­ line/High Feminine; High Feminine/Low Masculine; Low Masculine/High Feminine; and Low Feminine/Low Masculine. Marital adjustment of psycho­ logically androgynous individuals was compared to marital adjustment of individuals representing the traditional sex role stereotype, as well as to subjects representing sex role reversed personality types and indi­ viduals described as neither very masculine nor very feminine. Psycho­ logical androgyny was defined as possession of both a high degree of personality characteristics traditionally considered masculine and a high degree of personality characteristics traditionally considered feminine. Marital adjustment scores for the four groups were analyzed on the basis of self ratings and also on the basis of the subject's rating of his or her spouse. Results were compared in terms of student versus nonstudent status.
On the Renormalization of Truncated Quantum Einstein Gravity

The perturbative renormalizability of the 2-Killing vector reduction of general relativity is investigated. Although non-renormalizable in the standard sense, we show that to all orders of the loop expansion strict cutoff independence can be regained in a space of Lagrangians differing only by a field dependent conformal factor. In particular the Noether currents and the quantum constraints can be defined as finite composite operators. The functional form of the conformal factor depends on the renormalization scale and a closed formula is obtained for the beta functional governing its flow. The flow possesses a unique fixed point at which the trace anomaly is shown to vanish. The approach to the fixed point is compatible with Weinberg's " asymptotic safety " scenario.
Association between acute-phase reactants and advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, but the underlying mechanism(s) is not well understood. Because in vitro studies have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can trigger inflammatory responses, the present study has investigated whether serum concentration of AGEs is an important determinant of circulating levels of inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetic patients (n = 210) and healthy control subjects (n = 110) of similar BMI were recruited. Serum AGEs were assayed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a polyclonal rabbit anti-sera raised against AGE-RNase. Plasma high-sensitivity CRP was measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay and interleukin (IL)-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum AGEs were increased in diabetic patients compared with control subjects (4.24 +/- 0.88 vs. 3.15 +/- 0.81 unit/ml, respectively, P < 0.01). Both plasma CRP (1.55 [0.81-2.95] vs. 0.88 mg/dl [0.51-1.89], respectively, P < 0.01; median [interquartile range]) and IL-6 (0.80 [0.68-0.97] vs. 0.69 pg/ml [0.48-0.84], respectively, P < 0.01) were also higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. In the diabetic patients, log(CRP) correlated with AGEs (r = 0.22, P = 0.002) and with log(IL-6) (r = 0.29, P < 0.001). Forward stepwise linear regression analysis showed that BMI, log(IL-6), and AGEs were significant independent determinants of log(CRP) in the diabetic patients, accounting for 17, 12, and 10% of the variation in log(CRP), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentration of AGEs is increased in patients with diabetes and is an independent determinant of plasma CRP levels. Subclinical inflammation in these patients may therefore be partly due to activation of the inflammatory response by AGEs.
Observable modified condition/decision coverage

In many critical systems domains, test suite adequacy is currently measured using structural coverage metrics over the source code. Of particular interest is the modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) criterion required for, e.g., critical avionics systems. In previous investigations we have found that the efficacy of such test suites is highly dependent on the structure of the program under test and the choice of variables monitored by the oracle. MC/DC adequate tests would frequently exercise faulty code, but the effects of the faults would not propagate to the monitored oracle variables. In this report, we combine the MC/DC coverage metric with a notion of observability that helps ensure that the result of a fault encountered when covering a structural obligation propagates to a monitored variable; we term this new coverage criterion Observable MC/DC (OMC/DC). We hypothesize this path requirement will make structural coverage metrics 1. ) more effective at revealing faults, 2. ) more robust to changes in program structure, and 3. ) more robust to the choice of variables monitored. We assess the efficacy and sensitivity to program structure of OMC/DC as compared to masking MC/DC using four subsystems from the civil avionics domain and the control logic of a microwave. We have found that test suites satisfying OMC/DC are significantly more effective than test suites satisfying MC/DC, revealing up to 88% more faults, and are less sensitive to program structure and the choice of monitored variables.
Why are negative questions difficult to answer? On the processing of linguistic contrasts in surveys

Previous studies show that respondents are generally more likely to disagree with negative survey questions (e.g., This book is bad. Yes/No) than to agree with positive ones (e.g., This book is good. Yes/No). In the current research, we related this effect to the cognitive processes underlying question answering. Using eye-tracking, we show that during the initial reading of the question, negative evaluative terms (e.g., bad) require more processing time than their positive counterparts (e.g., good). In addition to these small differences in the initial stages of question answering, large processing differences occur later in the question answering process: negative questions are re-read longer and more often than their positive counterparts. This is particularly true when respondents answer no rather than yes to negative questions. Hence, wording effects for contrastive questions probably occur because response categories such as Yes and No, do not carry an absolute meaning, but are given meaning relative to the evaluative term in the question (e.g., good/bad). As the answering of no to negative questions requires more processing effort in particular, a likely explanation for the occurrence of the wording effect is that no¬¬-answers to a negative questions convey a mitigated meaning. The activation of this additional pragmatic meaning causes additional processing effort and also causes respondents to pick a no-answer to negative questions relatively easily.
Talking relationships, babies and bodies with young children: the experiences of parents in England

Abstract Parents often find themselves ill-prepared for the moment at which questions of a sexual nature arise, or when children display signs of playful behaviour that can be interpreted as sexual. How these behaviours and questions are dealt with establishes the foundations on which children begin to interpret relationships, their bodies, those of others and the sexual world in which they live. In this study, the views and experiences of dealing with early childhood sexuality education, along with the ways in which communication had occurred, were collected from 110 parents in London and southern England during focus group discussions and analysed using thematic analysis. Parents who had chosen to communicate with their children reported a range of justifications as to why childhood sexuality communication was considered necessary and had, indeed, occurred. Six key themes were identified: communication prompts, the need for truth, the threat of ignorance, exposure, healthy and positive relationships and openness. Findings reveal that many parents are making strategic decisions about how to discuss relationships and sexuality with their young children. By highlighting the central trigger points for early parent-child sexuality communication, findings can be used to aid the development of relevant practice responses to support less confident parents to communicate effectively.