Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo simulations of star clusters -VI. The globular cluster NGC 6397

We describe Monte Carlo models for the dynamical evolution of the nearby globular cluster NGC 6397. The code includes treatments of two-body relaxation, most kinds of three- and four-body interactions involving primordial binaries and those formed dynamically, the Galactic tide and the internal evolution of both single and binary stars. We arrive at a set of initial parameters for the cluster which, after 12 Gyr of evolution, gives a model with a fairly satisfactory match to the surface brightness profile, the velocity dispersion profile and the luminosity function in two fields. We describe in particular those aspects of the evolution which distinguish this cluster from M4, which has a roughly similar mass and Galactocentric distance, but a qualitatively different surface brightness profile. Within the limitations of our modelling, we conclude that the most plausible explanation for the difference is fluctuations: both clusters are post-collapse objects, but sometimes have resolvable cores and sometimes not.
OPERATOR PARAMETERIZATIONS OF $g$-FRAMES

In this paper, we mainly parameterize $g$-frames in Hilbert space in terms of operators. Firstly, under the condition that there exists a $g$-orthonormal basis we establish the one to one correspondence between different kinds of $g$-frames with certain kinds of operators. Then we parameterize $g$-frames without the above restriction. Finally, we consider some special $g$-frames, and their operator parameterizations are established. We also obtain some interesting results on $g$-bases and $g$-dual frames of the transforms by applying the operator parameterizations of $g$-frames.
Millimeter-Wave FET Nonlinear Modelling Based on the Dynamic-Bias Measurement Technique

In the paper, the nonlinear model of a microwave transistor is extracted from large-signal measurements acquired under “dynamic-bias” operation. Specifically, the transistor is driven by low-frequency large signals while a high-frequency tickle is applied on top of them. The low-frequency large signals, along with the dc bias voltages, set the large-signal operating point which represents a dynamic-bias condition for the device under test. Thanks to this technique, one can get at once and separately the nonlinear currents and charges of the transistor as a result of a very few nonlinear measurements. Additionally, the proposed technique allows one to accurately reconstruct the time-domain waveforms at the device-under-test terminals while the frequency of the tickle can be set as high as the bandwidth of today's vector calibrated nonlinear measurement systems (i.e., 67 GHz). The approach, which is general and independent of device technology, is applied on a 0.15- μm GaAs pHEMT specifically designed for resistive cold-FET mixer applications.
Culling and cattle controls influence tuberculosis risk for badgers

Human and livestock diseases can be difficult to control where infection persists in wildlife populations. In Britain, European badgers (Meles meles) are implicated in transmitting Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB), to cattle. Badger culling has therefore been a component of British TB control policy for many years. However, large-scale field trials have recently shown that badger culling has the capacity to cause both increases and decreases in cattle TB incidence. Here, we show that repeated badger culling in the same area is associated with increasing prevalence of M. bovis infection in badgers, especially where landscape features allow badgers from neighboring land to recolonize culled areas. This impact on prevalence in badgers might reduce the beneficial effects of culling on cattle TB incidence, and could contribute to the detrimental effects that have been observed. Additionally, we show that suspension of cattle TB controls during a nationwide epidemic of foot and mouth disease, which substantially delayed removal of TB-affected cattle, was associated with a widespread increase in the prevalence of M. bovis infection in badgers. This pattern suggests that infection may be transmitted from cattle to badgers, as well as vice versa. Clearly, disease control measures aimed at either host species may have unintended consequences for transmission, both within and between species. Our findings highlight the need for policymakers to consider multiple transmission routes when managing multihost pathogens.
Organizationally-Рedagogical Aspect of Preparation of Students to Professional Activity in the Process of Educational Practice

One of the main forms of educational process in teaching students is educational and field practice; it is a relatively independent form of training and education of students. A summer educational and field practice is complicated pedagogical system regarding the structure and functional components, which includes theoretical and practical activities of teachers and students, whose purpose is to extend theoretical knowledge and formation of practical skills of the students. Also, it is a mode of study, where different methods of stepping up of students’ cognitive activity are applied. Moreover, this is one of the forms of students’ education, including various sides of the educational process, such as moral, aesthetic, environmental and labor education, in course of which the development of students’ interest for teaching activities, the formation of motivational and need sphere, and person’s competency are carried out. A successful implementation of educational and field practice produces a good outcome: obtaining satisfaction from work, self-reliance, self-organization, development of the ability to make and execute a decision, personal responsibility and discipline education.
BNCI Horizon 2020: Towards a Roadmap for the BCI Community

The brain-computer interface (BCI) field has grown dramatically over the past few years, but there are still no coordinated efforts to ensure efficient communication and collaboration among key stakeholders. The European Commission (EC) has recently renewed their efforts to establish such a coordination effort by funding a coordination and support action for the BCI community called ‘BNCI Horizon 2020’ after the ‘Future BNCI’ project. Major goals of this new project include developing a roadmap for the next decade and beyond, encouraging discussion and collaboration within the BCI community, fostering communication with the general public, and the foundation of an international BCI Society. We present a short overview of current and past EU-funded BCI projects and provide evidence of a growing research and industrial community. Efficient communication also entails the establishment of clear terminology, which is a major goal of BNCI Horizon 2020. To this end, we give a brief overview of current BCI-related terms and definitions. A major networking activity in the project was the BNCI Horizon 2020 Retreat in Hallstatt, Austria. Over 60 experts participated in this event to discuss the future of the BCI field in a series of plenary talks, targeted discussions, and parallel focus sessions. A follow-up event was the EU BCI Day at the 6th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference in Graz, Austria. This networking event included plenary talks by eight companies and representatives from all seven ongoing EU research projects, poster presentations, demos, and discussions. Another goal of BNCI Horizon 2020 is the foundation of an official BCI Society. In this article, we summarize the current status of this process. Finally, we present visions for future BCI applications developed within BNCI Horizon 2020 using input from external BCI experts as well. We identify common themes and conclude with six exemplary use cases.
Can the Geometric Test Probe the Cosmic Equation of State?

The feasibility of the geometric test as a probe of the cosmic equation of state of the dark energy is discussed assuming the future Two Degree Field QSO sample. We examine the sensitivity of the QSO two-point correlation functions, which are theoretically computed incorporating the light cone effect and the redshift distortions, as well as the nonlinear effect, to a bias model whose evolution is phenomenologically parameterized. It is shown that the correlation functions are sensitive to a mean amplitude of the bias and not to the speed of the redshift evolution. We will also demonstrate that an optimistic geometric test could suffer from the possibility that a signal from the cosmological model can be confused with that from a stochastic character of the bias.
Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Phosphoprotein P Functionality as Critical Factors During the Early Phase of Paramyxoviral Infection

In the beginning of a paramyxovirus infection after cell entry viral survival depends on efficient primary (1°) transcription and on the stability of only one input nucleocapsid. Here we examined the influence of the viral polymerase co-factor phosphoprotein P on the very early phase of an infection, i.e. before progeny nucleocapsids are synthesized. We used a novel set-up with Sendai virus (SeV) mutants incapable of genome replication: SeV-ΔP with the entire P ORF deleted, SeV-PΔ2-77 with the deletion of aa 2-77. These mutants allow maintaining the state of the very beginning of an infection when statistically one viral genome is present in the cell. This single genome serves as template for transcription. During SeV-ΔP infections only early 1° transcription takes place at low levels. However, when the truncated P protein is expressed in SeV-PΔ2-77 infections, 1° transcription levels rise significantly up to an 8-fold increased amount of viral mRNA. This shows that the P protein is able to support transcription and thereby mediates the transition from early to late 1° transcription. Importantly, nucleocapsids of both mutants could be shown to remain stable and functional for at least 5 days – even without de novo P protein synthesis. These results describe a novel function of the P protein: enhancing viral gene expression even before genome replication has started. Thus, the since long postulated supportive function of the P protein is not related to stabilization of the nucleocapsid but rather enhances the processivity of the viral polymerase during late 1° and secondary (2°) transcription and genome replication.
Existence of global weak solutions to Fokker-Planck and Navier-Stokes-Fokker-Planck equations in kinetic models of dilute polymers

This survey paper reviews recent developments concerning the existence of global weak solutions to Fokker-Planck equations with unbounded drift terms, and coupled Navier-Stokes-Fokker-Planck systems of partial differential equations, that arise in finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) type kinetic models of incompressible dilute polymeric fluids in the case of general noncorotational flow.
Comparing Journalism Cultures in Britain and Germany: Confrontation, Contextualization, Conformity

ABSTRACT Many British newspapers proclaim strongly partisan political and moral positions, with headlines such as “Get Britain out of the EU. ” In contrast, German newspapers, during national events such as the refugee crisis, often take on the role of reflective observers. Previous comparative research has shown a link between journalists’ output and professional attitudes. Using data from the Worlds of Journalism Study, this article analyses the professional attitudes of British and German journalists (N = 1475) across three constituents of journalism culture: societal, epistemological, and ethical. Our analysis shows significant differences in all three constituents. We conclude that British journalists conceive of their professional role as more confrontational to those in power than their German colleagues. We also find some evidence that German journalists believe it more important to provide context and analysis—aiming to assist audiences in their civic roles—and that they are more likely to conform to professional codes, although only in general terms. Our findings contradict some earlier comparative studies that claimed a more passive role for British journalists. Our findings may also hold interest for others engaged in international comparative research, showing how the two-country comparison can identify, and account for, what is hidden in multi-country research designs.
Globally nilpotent differential operators and the square Ising model

We recall various multiple integrals with one parameter, related to the isotropic square Ising model, and corresponding, respectively, to the n-particle contributions of the magnetic susceptibility, to the (lattice) form factors, to the two-point correlation functions and to their λ-extensions. The univariate analytic functions defined by these integrals are holonomic and even G-functions: they satisfy Fuchsian linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients and have some arithmetic properties. We recall the explicit forms, found in previous work, of these Fuchsian equations, as well as their Russian-doll and direct sum structures. These differential operators are selected Fuchsian linear differential operators, and their remarkable properties have a deep geometrical origin: they are all globally nilpotent, or, sometimes, even have zero p-curvature. We also display miscellaneous examples of globally nilpotent operators emerging from enumerative combinatorics problems for which no integral representation is yet known. Focusing on the factorized parts of all these operators, we find out that the global nilpotence of the factors (resp. p-curvature nullity) corresponds to a set of selected structures of algebraic geometry: elliptic curves, modular curves, curves of genus five, six,…, and even a remarkable weight-1 modular form emerging in the three-particle contribution χ(3) of the magnetic susceptibility of the square Ising model. Noticeably, this associated weight-1 modular form is also seen in the factors of the differential operator for another n-fold integral of the Ising class, Φ(3)H, for the staircase polygons counting, and in Apéry's study of ζ(3). G-functions naturally occur as solutions of globally nilpotent operators. In the case where we do not have G-functions, but Hamburger functions (one irregular singularity at 0 or ∞) that correspond to the confluence of singularities in the scaling limit, the p-curvature is also found to verify new structures associated with simple deformations of the nilpotent property.
Gene expression pattern Cloning and expression of noz1, a zebrafish zinc finger gene related to Drosophila nocA

AbstractWe report the isolation of noz1, a novel zebraﬁsh zinc ﬁnger gene which displays sequence similarity to Drosophila nocA. noz1 transcriptsare detected at the shield stage within the germ ring and excluded from the most dorsal region. By the end of gastrulation, noz1 is expressed inthe presumptive hindbrain and spinal cord as well as in the forming tailbud. During somitogenesis noz1 shows a dynamic expression in themidbrain-hindbrain boundary, hindbrain and spinal cord. This results, at 24 hpf, in a graded expression with the highest level in rhombomeres2 and 3, and the lowest in the spinal cord. Expression analysis in swirl and chordino mutants as well as in retinoic acid treated embryosindicate that noz1 is activated by BMP antagonists and neural posteriorizing signals. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rightsreserved. Keywords: noz1; nocA; Zinc ﬁnger; Zebraﬁsh; Hindbrain patterning; Rhombomeres; Retinoic acid; Hox genes 1. Results and discussionOver the past 20 years, comparative analysis of genestructure, expression and function in different animalsystems has highlighted a surprising evolutionary conserva-tion of molecular mechanisms controlling basic develop-mental processes. This prompted us to search forvertebrate homologues of nocA,aDrosophila zinc ﬁngerprotein expressed in the neuroectoderm and involved inbrain and ocelli development (Cheah et al., 1994). Wedescribe here noz1 (nocA related zinc ﬁnger 1), a zebraﬁshgene encoding for a 590-amino-acid polypeptide whichdisplays sequence similarities with Drosophila nocA and ahuman protein of unknown function (genbank accessionnumber AK024361) (Fig. 1). noz1 transcripts are ﬁrst detected by whole-mount in situhybridization at 50% epiboly as a weak semicircle of stain-ing in the forming germ ring (data not shown). This patternis maintained at shield stage when the hybridization signalbecomes stronger (Fig. 2A) and the gap of expression coin-cides with the shield, where goosecoid is expressed (Fig.2B). As gastrulation proceeds, noz1 expression domainbroadens along the animal-vegetal axis and the previousgap in the shield closes (Fig. 2C). This early expressionpattern is reminiscent of hoxb1b expression (Alexandre etal., 1996, formerly called Hoxa-1, see Amores et al., 1998). By 90% epiboly noz1 expression has further extended andencompasses the region fated to give rise to the posteriorneural plate (Woo and Fraser, 1995) as well as the vegetalblastoderm margin (Fig. 2D,D
Wise counting: fast and efficient batch authentication for large-scale RFID systems

Radio Frequency Identification technology (RFID) is widely used in many applications, such as asset monitoring, e-passport and electronic payment, and is becoming one of the most effective solutions in cyber physical system. Since the identification alone does not provide any guarantee that tag corresponds to genuine identity, authentication of tag information is needed in most RFID systems. Meanwhile, as the number of tags is rapidly growing in recent years, per-tag based methods suffer from severely low efficiency and thus give way to probabilistic batch authentication. Most previous methods, however, share a common drawback from statistical perspective: they fail to explore correlation information, i.e., they do not comprehensively utilize all the information in authentication data structures. In addition, those schemes are not scalable well when multiple tag sets need to be verified simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient batch authentication scheme, Wise Counting (WIC), for large-scale RFID systems. We are the first to formally introduce the general batch authentication problem with multiple tag sets and give counterfeits estimation scheme with high efficiency. By employing a novel hierarchical authentication structure, we show that WIC is able to fast and efficiently authenticate both a single tag set and multiple tag sets in an easy, intuitive way. Through detailed theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we validate the design of WIC and demonstrate its large superiority over state-of-the art approaches.
National Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Saintpaul Infections: Importance of Texas Restaurant Investigations in Implicating Jalapeño Peppers

Background In May 2008, PulseNet detected a multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Saintpaul infections. Initial investigations identified an epidemiologic association between illness and consumption of raw tomatoes, yet cases continued. In mid-June, we investigated two clusters of outbreak strain infections in Texas among patrons of Restaurant A and two establishments of Restaurant Chain B to determine the outbreak's source. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted independent case-control studies of Restaurant A and B patrons. Patients were matched to well controls by meal date. We conducted restaurant environmental investigations and traced the origin of implicated products. Forty-seven case-patients and 40 controls were enrolled in the Restaurant A study. Thirty case-patients and 31 controls were enrolled in the Restaurant Chain B study. In both studies, illness was independently associated with only one menu item, fresh salsa (Restaurant A: matched odds ratio [mOR], 37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2–386; Restaurant B: mOR, 13; 95% CI 1.3–infinity). The only ingredient in common between the two salsas was raw jalapeño peppers. Cultures of jalapeño peppers collected from an importer that supplied Restaurant Chain B and serrano peppers and irrigation water from a Mexican farm that supplied that importer with jalapeño and serrano peppers grew the outbreak strain. Conclusions/Significance Jalapeño peppers, contaminated before arrival at the restaurants and served in uncooked fresh salsas, were the source of these infections. Our investigations, critical in understanding the broader multistate outbreak, exemplify an effective approach to investigating large foodborne outbreaks. Additional measures are needed to reduce produce contamination.
From Polarized We/They Public Opinion on European Integration Towards Social Representations of Public Dialogue

Social psychology has established that oppositional we/they categorization is central to dis/identification with European integration (Hewstone, 1986 Chryssochoou, 2000; Mummendey and Walduz, 2004). As Europe faces fresh uncertainties, e.g. Brexit, this article reveals the multi-positional features of public opinion formation. Drawing on meta-representational approaches it reveals how we/they categorization moves from oppositional forms towards diplomatic non-oppositional forms when citizens speak about the general public in ‘a public capacity’ (Dewey, 1927). Two interview-led studies in England, Ireland, Germany, Scotland and Sweden (n = 100) brought participants into dialogue with the ideals of European integration. Analysis reveals six dialogical positions on the general public – avant-garde, advocating, homesteading, distancing, segmenting and progressive. These rest on social representations of the public as having freedom from movement, freedom of movement and freedom through movement. Understanding the public’s multi-positional capacities and the interplay between self-world narratives and European integration narratives is one step towards de-polarization and public dialogue on Europe.