Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and static moduli

Static and dynamic bulk moduli (Ks and Kd) are measured as continuous functions of pressure from zero to 2-3 kilobars for two sandstones, a tuff, limestone, granite, and oil shale. Results for the sandstones and granite are in good agreement with previously reported data with Ks/Kd varying from about 0.5 at atmospheric pressure to close to unity at pressures 2 kilobars and above. For rocks behaving elastically under static loading, the Ks/Kd ratio is inversely related to the microcrack density. For the limestone, time dependent deformation associated with pore collapse results in Ks/Kd ratios approaching 0.1 at high pressure. Upon unloading, while initially high ( ∼ 1.0) at high pressures, Ks/Kd becomes lower than values obtained during loading at low pressures ( < 1 kilobar) due to opening of microcracks generated during pore collapse. For the oil shale, in which few microcracks exist, Ks/Kd remains relatively constant with pressure at a value of about 0.7.
EFEITOS DA TEMPERATURA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E NA FORMAÇÃO DE PLÂNTULAS DE Cedrela fissilis

O cedro-rosa e uma especie que ocorre em diversas formacoes florestais brasileiras, incluindo o Pantanal. As especies dessa familia possuem importante papel na medicina tradicional, alem de sua utilizacao como madeira, empregadaem compensados. Opresente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas sobre a germinacao e formacao de plântulas de cedro-rosa, com frutos coletados no Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foi determinado o teor de agua e avaliaram-se os efeitos das temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35 oC e alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35 °C, sob fotoperiodo de doze horas de luz branca, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. O grau de umidade nas sementes foi de 50,5%, com as temperaturas constantes de 20 e 25 °C e alternada de 20-30 °C apresentando os maiores valores medios de germinacao, 91, 85 e 87%, respectivamente. O indice de velocidade de germinacao foi maior nas temperaturas de 25 e30 °C(8,2), com melhor tempo medio de germinacao na temperatura de 30 °C (5,8 dias). A temperatura constante de 25 °C apresentou a melhor media de crescimento e producao de materia seca e foi a mais adequada. Palavras-chave : Pantanal; sementes florestais; plântulas; Meliaceae; cedro-rosa. Abstract Effect of temperature on seed germination and seedling formation of Cedrela fissilis . The Cedrela fissilis Vell is a wide dispersion species that occurs in several Brazilian forest formations, even in Pantanal. The species of this family have an important role in natural medicine and its wood is used to plywood. This work aims to evaluate the germination and seedling production of Cedrela fissilis Vell under different temperatures. We used fruits collected from Pantanal of Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It was quantified the water content and evaluated the effects of constant 20, 25 and 30oC and alternated 20-30 and 25-35°C temperature, twelve photoperiod under white light. For statistical analysis, the experimental design was completely randomized design. The seed moisture content was 50.5% and constant temperature of 20 and 25 °C and alternated, 20-30 °C, the best treatments for germination, 91, 85 and 87%, respectively. The germination speed was higher at temperatures of 25 and 30 °C (8.2), with the best time of germination at 30 °C (5.8 days). The constant temperature of 25 °C had been the best for the production of dry matter and growth. Taking into account all parameters, the temperature of 25 °C was the most suitable. Keywords : Pantanal; forest seeds; seedlings; Meliaceae; Cedro-rosa.
Validation of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test (WCT) in a Mixed Clinical Sample: Establishing Classification Accuracy, Sensitivity/Specificity, and Cutoff Scores

This study examined the Word Choice Test’s (WCT) utility as a performance validity test in a mixed clinical sample of veterans referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Participants completed Green’s Word Memory Test (WMT), WCT, and Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Trial 1. Using the WMT as the criterion for valid performance, logistic regressions examined the WCT and TOMM’s classification accuracy for those with and without cognitive impairment (CI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish cut scores which maximized the sensitivity/specificity of each measure. In those without CI, both tests showed good classification accuracy (86.7% and 85.0%, respectively). Among those with CI, the TOMM retained good classification accuracy (82.3%), while the WCT’s decreased considerably (69.4%). Optimal WCT cut scores differed based on impairment status, with a higher sensitivity/specificity trade-off among those with CI. Successful performance on the WCT appeared to rely more heavily on cognitive processes unrelated to performance validity.
Regional seismic observations of the 9 October 2006 underground nuclear explosion in North Korea and the influence of crustal structure on regional phases

[1] The crustally guided shear wave, Lg, is typically the most prominent phase of a nuclear explosion at regional distance. This Lg phase is analyzed often to discriminate a nuclear explosion from a natural earthquake. In addition, the Lg phase allows us to determine the size of the detonation. A nuclear explosion test in North Korea was conducted on 9 October 2006. The epicenter was located close to the eastern shore of the Korean Peninsula, resulting in raypaths that vary significantly according to the azimuths. In particular, rays radiated in the southern direction experience lateral variation of crustal structures at the continental margin. We examine the influence of raypaths on regional seismic phases by comparing the spectra and waveforms from different raypaths. Three natural earthquakes in North Korea are also examined to determine the raypath effect. We find that the Lg from the nuclear explosion dissipated significantly as result of energy leakage into the mantle resulting from variations in crustal thickness along the portion of the raypath traversing the western tip of the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Some of the leaked energy develops into mantle lid waves (Sn), causing a large energy increase to Sn. A similar feature is observed in the records of natural earthquakes. This feature is confirmed by seismic waveform modeling. The raypath effect also causes underestimation of magnitude. The Lg body wave magnitude, mb(Lg), is estimated to be 3.8–4.2 for records from pure continental paths and 2.6–3.4 for records from paths crossing continental margins. This result illustrates the need to consider raypath effects for the correct estimation of magnitudes of regional events, including a nuclear explosion.
An approach for a social robot to understand human relationships: Friendship estimation through interaction with robots

This paper reports our research efforts on social robots that recognize interpersonal relationships. These investigations are carried out by observing group behaviors while the robot interacts with people. Our humanoid robot interacts with children by speaking and making various gestures. It identifies individual children by using a wireless tag system, which helps to promote interaction such as the robot calling a child by name. Accordingly, the robot is capable of interacting with many children, causing spontaneous group behavior from the children around it. Here, group behavior is associated with social relationships among the children themselves. For example, a child may be accompanied by his or her friends and then play together with them. We propose the hypothesis that our interactive robot prompts a child’s friends to accompany him or her; thus, we can estimate their friendship by simply observing their accompanying behaviors. We conducted a field experiment for two weeks in a Japanese elementary school to verify this hypothesis. In the experiment, two “Robovie” robots were placed where children could freely interact with them during recesses. As a result, we found that they mostly prompted friend-accompanying behavior. Moreover, we could estimate some of their friendly relationships, in particular among the children who often appeared around the robot. For example, we could estimate 5% of all friendships with 80% accuracy, and 15% of them with nearly 50% accuracy. Thus, this result basically supports our hypothesis on friendship estimation from an interactive humanoid robot. We believe that this ability to estimate human relationships is essential for robots to behave socially.
The emerging role of Arf/Arl small GTPases in cilia and ciliopathies

Once overlooked as an evolutionary vestige, the primary cilium has recently been the focus of intensive studies. Mounting data show that this organelle is a hub for various signaling pathways during vertebrate embryonic development and pattern formation. However, how cilia form and how cilia execute the sensory function still remain poorly understood. Cilia dysfunction is correlated with a wide spectrum of human diseases, now termed ciliopathies. Various small GTPases, including the members in Arf/Arl, Rab, and Ran subfamilies, have been implicated in cilia formation and/or function. Here we review and discuss the role of one particular group of small GTPase, Arf/Arl, in the context of cilia and ciliopathy. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2201–2207, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluids for Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury

Fluids are the only known method of attenuating renal injury. Furthermore, whether for hydration, resuscitation or renal replacement therapy, fluid prescriptions must be tailored to the fluid and electrolyte, cardiovascular status and residual renal function of the patient. Different fluids have significantly different effects both on volume expansion as well as on the electrolyte and acid-base balance; while controversial, different fluids may even influence renal function differently. This systematic review focuses on fluids for prevention and management of acute kidney injury. We have reviewed the available evidence and have made recommendations for clinical practice and future studies.
Effect of peritubular oncotic pressure changes on proximal tubular fluid reabsorption.

SPITZER, ADRIAN, AND ERICH E. WINDHAGER. Efect of peritubular oncotic pressure changes on proximal tubular @id reabsorption. Am. J. Physiol. 218(4): 1188-l 193. 1970. -To evaluate directly the effect of changes in postglomerular capillary blood oncotic pressure on fluid reabsorption by proximal tubules of rat kidneys, an in vivo method of microperfusion of peritubular capillaries was devised. Net fluid reabsorption by tubules receiving their vascular supply from artificially perfused capillaries was studied by tubular micropuncture. In free-flow recollection experiments, the absolute rate of fluid reabsorption decreased by 49% when the capillaries were perfused with colloid-free Ringer solution. When the perfusate was Ringer solution containing 8 % dextran (mol wt 110,000) proximal tubular reabsorptive rates were similar to those obtained during normal blood perfusion of capillaries. A direct relationship was observed, in “split-drop” experiments, between net reabsorption and calculated oncotic pressure of the infusate. The mean reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubules increased from 0.031 nl/sec l mm during capillary perfusion with Ringer, to 0.046 during perfusion with 4oj, dextran in Ringer, and to 0.060 when the concentration of dextran was increased to 8yo.
Towards the production of digital terrain models from volunteered GPS trajectories

Abstract There currently exists a wide variety of online resources providing mapping infrastructures and geographic information. Most web-based map services, such as Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps and Bing Maps, are mostly based on data that is collected by authoritative mapping agencies. Alternatively, some relatively new web-map services, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Wikimapia, are mostly based on volunteered data collected by the public (e.g. crowdsourced mapping). Although such volunteered-based map services platforms show an increasing planimetric (2D) accuracy, completeness and update-rate of their mapping infrastructure, surprisingly enough, there is a lack of comparable data and accuracy measures in respect to the third dimension, i.e. height; more specifically, the topographic representation that is based on the volunteered collected data. Most of these web services still rely on existing open-source authoritative topographic infrastructures, and not on data collected by the volunteers. Moreover, topographic information that is open to the public and is free to use, e.g. advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer and shuttle radar topography mission, is regularly available with relatively low height accuracy (not better than 5 m) and low planimetric resolution (over 30 m). Volunteered data, on the other hand, collected by individuals that are situated ‘all over’ the globe can offer with new capabilities and data characteristics having potentially higher qualities. This research proposes to examine the feasibility of using crowdsourced volunteered geographic information working paradigm for the task of producing a reliable digital terrain model (DTM) infrastructure for general use. This is achieved by collecting GPS observations that are available from VG data sources, while applying a 2D Kalman filter-based algorithm, aimed at reducing noise and ambiguities. This paper presents this methodology, with preliminary analysis results achieved by this implementation, showing the feasibility of this working methodology, having good results and accuracy of the DTM generated.
The Impact of Rosenwald Schools on Black Achievement

The black-white gap in schooling among southern-born men narrowed sharply between the world wars. From 1914 to 1931, nearly 5,000 schools were constructed as part of the Rosenwald Rural Schools Initiative. Using census data and World War II records, we find that the Rosenwald program accounts for a sizable portion of the educational gains of rural southern blacks. We find significant effects on school attendance, literacy, years of schooling, cognitive test scores, and northern migration. The gains are highest in the most disadvantaged counties, suggesting that schooling treatments have the largest impact among those with limited access to education.
On the Variability of Surface Tension with Mean Wind Speed

Abstract In situ measurements of surface tension obtained by R.V. Gauss under coastal (North Sea of the Island of Sylt) and by R.V. Meteor under open sea conditions (GATE area) are Compared with time variations of the surface mean wind speed. The results indicate that the surface tension of the sea surface may attain values which are 21 dyn cm−1 below the values obtained from the Fleming-Revelle formula, if the mean wind speed decreases steadily to less than 5 m s−1 and the biological productivity within the upper layers of the water is significant.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: A rural study

Aim: The present observational, cross-sectional prospective study was conducted during the period of 1 year in one of the rural health centers to study prevalence of conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Five hundred consecutive postmenopausal women were screened for detailed information regarding common menopausal symptoms, the presence or absence of conventional CVRFs. Physical activity was measured, and dietary lifestyle was also assessed. Use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other drugs were also noted. Knowledge regarding their menopause was also evaluated. Results: Mean age at menopause was 49.35 years, Mean number of menopausal symptoms was 6.70 ± 5.76, and mean duration since menopause was (MDSM = 4.70 years)). Fatigue, lack of energy (70%), cold hand and feet, rheumatology-related symptoms (60%) cold sweats, weight gain, irritability, and nervousness (50%), palpitation of heart, excitable/anxiety (30%) each were common complaints. Hypertension was diagnosed or a person was a known hypertensive (56%). Diabetes was diagnosed or a person was known diabetic in 21%, and BMI was found to be 25 kg/m2 in 78%. Truncal obesity with waist-hip ratio >0.8 in 68% females, whereas abdominal obesity with waist size >88 cm was in 60% women. Dyslipidemia was seen in 39%. It was defined by the presence of high TC (=200 mg/dL) in 30%, high LDL-c (=130 mg/dL) in 27%, low HDLc (<40 mg/dL) in 21% or high TG (=150 mg/dL) in 31%. Metabolic syndrome was present in 13% of cases. CRP was found positive in 12 out of 39 total evaluated women, and serum uric acid was found >6.5 mg/dL in 4%. Smoking (0.5%), alcohol (0%,), tobacco chewing (4%), and family history of premature heart disease (9%) were recorded. Lifestyle was active in 35%, hectic in 10%, and sedentary in 55% of postmenopausal women (PMWs). Only 5% of women were receiving HRT, 0.5% isoflavone-containing phytoestrogens, 0.4% tibolone, 24% anti-HT, 9% anti-diabetic, 8% lipid-lowering drugs, and only three patients were on anti-obesity along with dietary and lifestyle management. Out of 68 patients, who were advised for electrocardiography (ECG), 23 were found positive for ischemic changes on ECG and out of 12 women advised for treadmill test (TMT), only four were found positive for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Risk factor count of more than four was found in 11%. Over all 96% of women were affected by menopause or related problems. Only 9% were aware about their menopause, 3% for importance of lifestyle modification, weight and dietary management programs to ameliorate menopause or menopause-compounded CVRFs. Conclusion: This study showed alarmingly high prevalence of most of the conventional CVRFs, especially diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other risk factors in postmenopausal women from rural areas.
Tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the southern branch of the Western Tethys (Maghrebian Flysch Basin and Lucanian Ocean): consequences for Western Mediterranean geodynamics

The evolution of the oceanic Maghrebian Flysch Basin and its continuation in the Southern Apennines was studied by reconstructing mainly representative stratigraphic successions. In all sectors a common evolution has been identified. Rifting and drifting phases are indicated by remnants of oceanic crust, Jurassic limestones, Cretaceous–Palaeogene turbiditic and pelagic deposits. The pre‐orogenic sedimentation was mainly controlled by extensional tectonics and sea‐level changes. The occurrence of a generalized foredeep stage since the Early Miocene is testified by thick siliciclastic and volcaniclastic syn‐orogenic flysch successions. The deformation of the oceanic areas began in the Burdigalian and the resulting nappes were stacked in the growing chains. During the Middle Miocene, piggy‐back basins developed and the building of the chains was accomplished in the Late Tortonian. Areal distribution and ages of flysch deposits represent an important tool for the study of the diachronous growth of the accretionary wedges.
Dynamics and sustainable use of species-rich moist forests: A process-based modelling approach

Sustainable use of species-rich moist forests is hampered by an insufficient understanding of their dynamics and long-term response to different wood harvesting strategies. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of natural forest dynamics, explores the productivity of native forests subjected to different management strategies, and quantifies the ecological impacts of these strategies. The thesis focuses on two study regions: tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in central Veracruz, Mexico, and Valdivian temperate rain forest (VTRF) in northern Chiloé Island, Chile. The process-based forest growth model FORMIND is applied to study natural forest succession, to assess long-term ecological implications of fuelwood extraction on TMCF, to explore the potential of secondary TMCF for provision of ecosystem services and fuelwood, and to compare potential harvesting strategies for VTRF regarding forest productivity and ecological consequences. Simulation results show that both forest types have a high potential for wood production. As wood extraction increases, the forest structure becomes simplified because large old trees disappear from the forest. The species composition shifts to tree species that are favoured by the respective harvesting strategy. The overall ecological impact increases linearly with the amount of extracted wood. Simulation results allow to define management strategies that balance conservation and production objectives, promote the regeneration of desired tree species, or minimise shifts in the species composition of the forest. Process-based forest models enhance our understanding of the dynamics of species-rich moist forests and are indispensable tools to assess long-term implications of anthropogenic disturbances on forest ecosystems. Thereby they contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of native forests outside protected areas.
Delivering Disruption in an Emergent Access Economy: A Case Study of an E-hailing Platform

: The growing adoption of platforms such as Uber and Airbnb has contributed to the emergence of an access economy, which has disrupted a number of incumbent industries in the process. In this study, we examine goCatch, one of Australia’s largest e-hailing and ride-sharing multi-sided platforms. From our investigations, we find that the technology affordances of multi-sided digital platforms can help to deliver new commercial services and offerings to consumers of the platform, which enables new forms of consumption and, subsequently, disrupts the incumbent industry. Our findings provide the empirical premise for a model that illustrates the role of technology in enabling consumer recognition, consumer engagement, and consumer transposition in the e-hailing context. For theory, we build on extant literature to identify the forms of motivational affordances leveraged in disruptive platforms and technologies. For practice, we conceptualize the function of technology-enabled gamification as an emergent strategy that one can use to induce consumers to change their behaviors, develop their technical skills and drive innovation that plays a central role in enabling digital disruption. This study also clarifies the relationship between technology affordances and value creation against the backdrop of the emergent access economy.