Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protein excretion: micropuncture study of rat capsular and proximal tubule fluid.

VAN LIEW, JUDITH B. , WOLF BUENTIG, HILMAR STOLTE, AND JOHN W. BOYLAN. Protein excretion: micropuncture study of rat capsular and proximal tubulefluid. Am. J. Physiol. 219(Z) : 299-305. 1970.Samples of capsular and proximal tubule fluid taken under free-flow conditions from the rat kidney were analyzed chemically and. immunologically for protein. An average concentration of 19.9 mg/lOO ml =t 6.8 SD was found in the proximal tubule. Similar concentrations were present in capsular fluid. The relative constancy of protein concentration in the proximal tubule, found in the presence of normal fluid reabsorption (normal TF/P inulin ratios) suggests that two-thirds of the filtered protein is being reabsorbed in the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. The majority of the protein present was identified immunologically as serum protein. No serum protein could be detected in fluid collected from single proximal tubules microperfused with protein-free solutions. This is taken as evidence that proximal tubule protein is predominantly serum protein of glomerular origin. Estimates of the magnitude 24-hr renal protein turnover are discussed in terms of protein conservation and mechanisms of reabsorption.
An iterative diffusion algorithm for part disassembly

The paper presents an efficient collision-free path planner for mechanical part disassembly simulation. The principle of the algorithm involves computing a first path while allowing some penetration within the obstacles. Then the current paths are iteratively re-shaped by decreasing the allowed penetration threshold. The process is controlled by a dynamic collision checker. The cases of failure of the iterative process are automatically detected and solved.
Occurrence and identification of citrus viroids from Sudan.

The Sudanese citrus industry is mainly based on oldline cultivars of grapefruit, sweet orange and willow leaf mandarin, grafted almost exclusively on sour orange. Infectionwith graft-transmissible agents, viroids in particular, may have deleterious effects on the productivity of these citrus species and, more importantly, limits the choice of rootstocks should sour orange be replaced by alternative rootstocks because of tristeza disease. Three cv. Foster pink grapefruit sources and one local selection of Nuri-16, a local sweet orange selection, proved to be infected by several viroids, including Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), the causal agents of exocortis and cachexia, respectively. Cloning and sequencing of four HSVd isolates showed that in addition to the characteristic variants containing the “cachexia expression motif” or the “non-cachexia expression motif”, other variants were also present. To secure additional information, samples from 24 citrus species and cultivars were collected in 2008 from several citrus-growing regions and analyzed for the presence of viroids. The results confirmed that CEVd, HSVd, Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), Citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd), and Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), but not Citrus viroid V (CVd-V), are widely spread throughout the surveyed areas. None of the collected samples was found to be viroid-free. The relationships between viroid infection and “gummy bark” and “Kassala disease”, two affections of unknown etiology, but with cachexia-like gum impregnations in the bark, are discussed.
Aberrant processing of deviant stimuli in schizophrenia revealed by fusion of fMRI and EEG data

Calhoun VD, Wu L, Kiehl KA, Eichele T, Pearlson GD. Aberrant processing of deviant stimuli in schizophrenia revealed by fusion of fMRI and EEG data. Background: Aberrant electrophysiological and haemodynamic processing of auditory oddball stimuli is among the most robustly documented findings in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study to date has directly examined linked patterns of electrical and haemodynamic differences in patients and controls. Methods: In a recent paper we demonstrated a data-driven approach, joint independent component analysis (jICA) to fuse together functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) data and elucidated the chronometry of auditory oddball target detection in healthy control subjects. In this paper we extend our fusion method to identify specific differences in the neuronal chronometry of target detection for chronic schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Results: We found one linked source, consistent with the N2 response, known to be related to cognitive processing of deviant stimuli, spatially localized to bilateral fronto-temporal regions. This source showed significant between-group differences both in amplitude response and in the fMRI/ERP distribution pattern. These findings are consistent with previous work showing N2 amplitude and latency abnormalities in schizophrenia, and provide new information about the linkage between the two. Conclusions: In summary, we use a novel approach to isolate and identify a linked fMRI/ERP component which shows marked differences in chronic schizophrenia patients. We also show that jointly using both fMRI and ERP measures provides a fully picture of the underlying haemodynamic and electrical changes which are present in patients. Our approach also has broad applicability to other diseases such as autism, Alzheimer's disease, or bipolar disorder.
Does Flywheel Paradigm Training Improve Muscle Volume and Force? A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Núñez Sanchez, FJ and Sáez de Villarreal, E. Does flywheel paradigm training improve muscle volume and force? A meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3177–3186, 2017—Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of flywheel paradigm training for improving or benefiting muscle volume and force. A meta-analysis of 13 studies with a total of 18 effect sizes was performed to analyse the role of various factors on the effectiveness of flywheel paradigm training. The following inclusion criteria were employed for the analysis: (a) randomized studies; (b) high validity and reliability instruments; (c) published in a high quality peer-reviewed journal; (d) healthy participants; (e) studies where the eccentric programme were described; and (f) studies where increases in muscle volume and force were measured before and after training. Increases in muscle volume and force were noted through the use of flywheel systems during short periods of training. The increase in muscle mass appears was not influenced by the existence of eccentric overload during the exercise. The increase in force was significantly higher with the existence of eccentric overload during the exercise. The responses identified in this analysis are essential and should be considered by strength and conditioning professionals regarding the most appropriate dose response trends for flywheel paradigm systems to optimize the increase in muscle volume and force.
Gender and locality-related differences in circulation behavior in a museum setting

Abstract The authors present the results of a case study conducted at the Sadberk Hanim Museum in Istanbul, which explored the relationship between gender and locality (being a native resident or foreign tourist) of visitors and their circulation behavior. Results indicated that visitor characteristics, particularly locality, had a significant impact on range and duration of circulation, but not on general patterns of route selection, such as the right-turn bias. Results are discussed with respect to the related literature.
The Impact of Religio-cultural Norms and Values on the Education of Young South Asian Women

This paper is a discussion of how the educational attitudes, perspectives and experiences of young South Asian women in schools and colleges in the city of Birmingham, UK, are affected by domestic religio-cultural norms and values. Taking into consideration social class and the different types of schools they attend, young South Asian women were interviewed and surveyed to ascertain the effects of religion and culture upon education. The empirical findings show that all young South Asian women had supportive parents who actively encouraged them in education, irrespective of religion. For young Muslim women a strong bond between religion and individual was found, but for Hindus and Sikhs it was more tentative. For young working-class South Asian women, Hindus and Sikhs also regarded religion as less significant in their lives, but for Muslims it was again seen as crucial--but certain practices were argued to be more cultural than religious, and thereby problematic. For some young South Asian Muslim women, it leads to further marginalisation in education, given that they also originate from lower social class positions.
Reproducibility of the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and run time to exhaustion during short-distance running

The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and the associated exercise time to exhaustion during short-distance running. Fifteen well-trained males (mean - s : VO 2max = 58.0 - 4.6 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ) performed the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit test at an exercise intensity equivalent to 125% VO 2max . The test was repeated at the same time of day on three occasions within 3 weeks. There was no significant systematic bias between trials for either maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (mean - s : trial 1 = 69.0 - 13.1; trial 2 = 71.4 - 12.5; trial 3 = 70.4 - 15.0 ml O 2 Eq.kg -1 ; ANOVA, F = 0.70, P = 0.51) or exercise time to exhaustion (trial 1 = 194 - 31.1; trial 2 = 198 - 33.2; trial 3 = 201 - 36.8 s; F = 1.49, P = 0.24). In addition, other traditional measures of reliability were also favourable. These included intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.87, and sample coefficients of variation of 6.8% and 5.0%, for maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and exercise time to exhaustion respectively. However, the '95% limits of agreement' were 0 - 15.1 ml O 2 Eq (1.01 2 / 1 1.26 as a ratio) and 0 - 33.5 s (1.0 2 / 1 1.18 as a ratio) for maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and exercise time to exhaustion respectively. We estimate that the sample sizes required to detect a 10% change in exercise time to exhaustion and maximum accumulated oxygen deficit after a repeated measures experiment are 10 and 20 respectively. Unlike the results of previous maximum accumulated oxygen deficit studies, we conclude that it is not a reliable measure.
Does Self-Enhancement Have Implications for Adjustment?

Self-enhancement and its implications for psychological adjustment were studied in a replication and extension of a study by Kwan et al. (2004). A sample of 199 Finnish military cadets rated themselves and other members of their platoons in a round-robin design. Corroborating that earlier study, our measure of performance adjustment (leadership grade in an officer training program) was negatively associated with the Social Relations Model self-enhancement index. A unique contribution of this study was our analysis of the differential contributions of self-ratings and peer ratings to that association. Those results suggested that the negative relation between adjustment and self-enhancement found in this study was due more to peers downgrading maladjusted targets than to those targets embellishing their self-descriptions.
Conscientiousness, Education, and Longevity of High-Ability Individuals

In this paper, I investigate whether higher education causally affects longevity. I also investigate the role of personality in producing longevity taking into account its potential interaction with education. The causal status of higher education in affecting health and longevity is unclear in the literature, largely because unknown confounding factors, reverse causality, and difficulty in finding instrumental variables that are both valid and sufficiently strong to reliably estimate the causal effect of higher education on longevity. I examine whether there are confounding factors among early cognitive and noncognitive traits. I estimate the causal effect by controlling for latent confounding psychology factors and for the reverse causality. I represent noncognitive traits by traits that are close to the established Big Five taxonomy of personality, and find a trait of Conscientiousness that has strong effects on both education and longevity. I estimate a model that uses Conscientiousness and education as arguments of a production function for longevity. The model accounts for the endogeneity of education, measurement error in the proxies for Conscientiousness, age-dependence in the effect of education on longevity, and the interaction between education and Conscientiousness in producing longevity. I estimate the model using the 1922-1991 Terman life cycle data of children with high ability, a prospective study with unique life cycle information including detailed background characteristics, early health measures, personality ratings, IQ, and mortality observations. My results show that both Conscientiousness and education increase longevity for males, but that the effect of Conscientiousness on longevity is only strong at low levels of education, and the effect of education on longevity is especially strong at low levels of Conscientiousness. In addition, I show that a failure to account for Conscientiousness leads to a generally upward bias in the estimate of the effect of education on longevity. The bias from omitting Conscientiousness is comparable to the bias from omitting all other control variables in the model. For females, I find that the effects of education and Conscientiousness are not precisely determined. I argue that this lack of strong effects for females born around 1910 might not be generalizable to contemporary female population.
Is SLA Interactionist Theory Relevant to CALL? A Study on the Effects of Computer-Mediated Interaction in L2 Vocabulary Acquisition

Interactionist, task-based research has recently examined the potential effects of negotiation of meaning on L2 vocabulary development, and the role of pushed output production within the negotiation process. Within the field of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) it is also considered that successful implementation of computer-based, interactive, communicative tasks, can yield numerous benefits for L2 learners. This study examined the differential effects of CM interactions and face-to-face interactions in the acquisition of L2 word meanings by learners of Spanish. Receptive and productive, oral and written measures were used to assess acquisition and retention of the target items. Analyses were performed on data obtained from both task participation and assessment performance. Current cognitive psychological knowledge on L2 vocabulary (Ellis, 1995) serves as framework to explain results.
A heat shock-responsive domain of human HSF1 that regulates transcription activation domain function

Human heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) stimulates transcription from heat shock protein genes following stress. We have used chimeric proteins containing the GAL4 DNA binding domain to identify the transcriptional activation domains of HSF1 and a separate domain that is capable of regulating activation domain function. This regulatory domain conferred heat shock inducibility to chimeric proteins containing the activation domains. The regulatory domain is located between the transcriptional activation domains and the DNA binding domain of HSF1 and is conserved between mammalian and chicken HSF1 but is not found in HSF2 or HSF3. The regulatory domain was found to be functionally homologous between chicken and human HSF1. This domain does not affect DNA binding by the chimeric proteins and does not contain any of the sequences previously postulated to regulate DNA binding of HSF1. Thus, we suggest that activation of HSF1 by stress in humans is controlled by two regulatory mechanisms that separately confer heat shock-induced DNA binding and transcriptional stimulation.
ATM gene alterations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias

Hereditary ATM gene mutations cause ataxia‐telangiectasia, a pleiotropic disorder associated with a high incidence of lymphoid malignancies. Acquired ATM alterations have been described in sporadic lymphoproliferative disorder suggesting that the ATM gene contributes to lymphomagenesis. To assess the prevalence of genomic ATM alterations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), we explored a series of 57 sporadic ALL cases (26 B‐precursor ALL and 31 T‐ALL) using DHPLC (Denaturing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography). We identified 28 distinct genomic ATM alterations in 14 patients (25%). Ten of them were scored as probably biologically significant and appear to be associated with a high risk of relapse (P<0.01). Six alterations of potential biological significance were observed in 5 cases of B‐precursor ALL (19%), while 5 were found in 3 cases of T‐ALL (10%). In two cases of B‐precursor ALL, the ATM alterations were found in the germline, indicating an ATM carrier status. We report here the high prevalence of genomic ATM alterations in childhood ALL. Our observations lend further support to the postulated contribution of ATM in lymphomagenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long-term retinal vascular abnormalities in an animal model of retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE A conventional criticism of animal models of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) concerns the common occurrence of rapid spontaneous resolution of retinal vascular sequelae. The purpose of this study was to determine whether animals subjected to a novel variable oxygen exposure protocol would undergo the rapid spontaneous resolution of retinal vascular pathology that is typical of past models. METHODS Newborn rats were exposed to an oxygen environment that alternated between 50% and 10% every 24 h for 14 days and then removed to room air, or were raised from birth in room air as controls. To determine early retinal vascular growth rate, both exposed and non-exposed rats were sacrificed between 3 and 28 days of age, after which eyes were enucleated and retinas dissected and stained for adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activity to demonstrate the vasculature. Rats were maintained in room air for 2 to 18 weeks after the variable oxygen exposure period for assessment of long-term retinal vascular abnormalities by ADPase histochemistry. RESULTS The retinal vasculature of oxygen-exposed rats was significantly different from that of room air-raised rats with respect to capillary density, branching frequency, and bifurcation angle. These differences were restricted to the area that was vascularized after removal to room air (the peripheral-most 25% of the retinal area), and they persisted for the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a rat model of ROP using an exposure protocol designed to create systemic oxygen levels that approximate those of premature infants. This model does not demonstrate the complete resolution of vessel abnormalities that historically has limited animal models of ROP.
Understanding Adolescent Parenting: The Dimensions and Functions of Social Support.

Although recent research has focused on the unique characteristics of adolescent mothers and their children, critical questions remain concerning the conceptualization and measurement of social support and its effects on adolescent parenting and child development. In this article, various perspectives on the meaning and measurement of social supports available for adolescent mothers are summarized, with particular attention devoted to types, sources, and amounts of support, and the ways in which these dimensions differ for teen and adult mothers. A model of adolescent parenting is presented, emphasizing the multiple influences that social support has on maternal personality, health and nutritional status, and cognitive readiness for parenting, as well as on actual parenting behavior and child development.
A Hollow‐Structured CuS@Cu2S@Au Nanohybrid: Synergistically Enhanced Photothermal Efficiency and Photoswitchable Targeting Effect for Cancer Theranostics

It is of great importance in drug delivery to fabricate multifunctional nanocarriers with intelligent targeting properties, for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Herein, hollow‐structured CuS@Cu2S@Au nanoshell/satellite nanoparticles are designed and synthesized for enhanced photothermal therapy and photoswitchable targeting theranostics. The remarkably improved photothermal conversion efficiency of CuS@Cu2S@Au under 808 nm near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation can be explained by the reduced bandgap and more circuit paths for electron transitions for CuS and Cu2S modified with Au nanoparticles, as calculated by the Vienna ab initio simulation package, based on density functional theory. By modification of thermal‐isomerization RGD targeting molecules and thermally sensitive copolymer on the surface of nanoparticles, the transition of the shielded/unshielded mode of RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) targeting molecules and shrinking of the thermally sensitive polymer by NIR photoactivation can realize a photoswitchable targeting effect. After loading an anticancer drug doxorubicin in the cavity of CuS@Cu2S@Au, the antitumor therapy efficacy is greatly enhanced by combining chemo‐ and photothermal therapy. The reported nanohybrid can also act as a photoacoustic imaging agent and an NIR thermal imaging agent for real‐time imaging, which provides a versatile platform for multifunctional theranostics and stimuli‐responsive targeted cancer therapy.
What can Reasonably be Expected from a Truth Commission: A Preliminary Examination of East Timorese Views

A survey examining the personal views of a sample of 344 ordinary citizens living in East Timor, and already familiarized with the concrete work of a truth commission on the possible objectives, functions, powers, and composition of truth commissions, was conducted. The material consisted of 98 items that referred to the global meaning, the composition, the functioning, and the possible missions of a truth commission. The results seem to indicate that most participants strongly valued the symbolic nature of truth commissions as distinguished from their judicial or therapeutic nature. Strengthening the respect for human rights everywhere, acquiring as much knowledge about past atrocities as possible, and restoring the dignity of all those victims and perpetrators involved in the atrocities were conceived as clear priorities. Most participants were aware of the limited scope of the truth commissions and did not have unrealistic expectations regarding the outcomes of such commissions.
Enfoque psicosocial del “apego al lugar de trabajo”. Estudio realizado con personal hospitalario

Resumen La presente investigación se inscribe dentro del marco teórico del apego al lugar (Theory of Place Attachment), teoría elaborada por Shumaker y Taylor (1983), y que ha sido reavivada por Giuliani (1991). En ella se evaluará el impacto de diversas variables sociodemográficas, organizacionales y psicosociológicas referentes al apego al lugar. 134 agentes que trabajan en una estructura hospitalaria de la región Centro de Francia respondieron a un cuestionario que está compuesto por tres partes: (a) una escala de apego global al lugar de trabajo; (b) un aparato de preguntas sobre el apego a diversos lugares del trabajo y (c) una escala de satisfacción y de motivación en el trabajo. Los resultados demuestran que los trabajadores se apegan de manera más intensa a aquellos lugares del trabajo que favorecen la comunicación informal. Los dos tipos de elementos que pronostican el apego al lugar de trabajo son: (a) los que dan sentido al trabajo; (b) aquellos que permiten aislarse para superar el estrés por carga excesiva de exigencias organizacionales.