Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power in the Workplace: The Politics of Production at AT&T

Septembre 1962, Cahiers de l’Institute de Science Économique Appliquée, Paris, edited by Maximilian Rubel. ] __________ (1977–1978) Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, vol.3. Monthly Review Press, New York. Hunt, R. ( 1975) The Political Ideas of Marx and Engels: Marxism and Totalitarian Democracy 1818–1850, vol.1. Macmillan. London. Rosenberg, A (1939) Democracy and Socialism. G. Bell & Sons Ltd, London. Trotsky, L. (1961) Terrorism and Communism. The University of Michigan Press, Michigan. ____________________
Novel Digital Voltage Ramp Generator for Use in Precision Current Sources in the Picoampere Range

We report on the development of a novel highly linear voltage ramp generator to be used for the traceable calibration of picoamperemeters. The generator is based on two digital-to-analog converters, one of them being used to compensate for the differential nonlinearity of the other one. The generator is completely controllable by a computer, its voltage slope dV/dt is adjustable between 1 and 1000 mV/s. During a ramp running between -10 and +10 V, the slope shows a relative variation of only 1.3 middot10-5 (relative standard deviation). Due to a small output filter time constant of only 10 ms, we are, for the first time, able to conduct dynamic measurements of picoamperemeters with no sacrifice of linearity.
On the freshening of the northwestern Weddell Sea continental shelf

Abstract. We analyzed hydrographic data from the northwestern Weddell Sea continental shelf of the three austral winters 1989, 1997, and 2006 and two summers following the last winter cruise. During summer a thermal front exists at ~64° S separating cold southern waters from warm northern waters that have similar characteristics as the deep waters of the central basin of the Bransfield Strait. In winter, the whole continental shelf exhibits southern characteristics with high Neon (Ne) concentrations, indicating a significant input of glacial melt water. The comparison of the winter data from the shallow shelf off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, spanning a period of 17 yr, shows a salinity decrease of 0.09 for the whole water column, which has a residence time of
Interaction of alcohols with a-CHx films

Temperature programed desorption has been used to study the desorption kinetics and desorption energies of a set of alcohols and fluorinated alcohols adsorbed on an a-CHx film. The alcohols serve as models for the hydroxyl end groups of Fomblin Zdol, the lubricant most commonly used with the amorphous carbon overcoats sputtered onto the surfaces of magnetic data storage disks. Temperature programed desorption has been used to measure the desorption energies of the alcohols over a range of coverages and to compare the desorption energies of fluorinated and hydrocarbon alcohols. The desorption energies are all coverage dependent and decrease with increasing alcohol coverage. This is believed to be due to heterogeneity of the a-CHx films surface. In all cases the low coverage desorption energies of the fluorinated alcohols were found to be higher than those of their hydrocarbon counterparts. The implications of this observation are that the interaction of the alcohols is through hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl groups to the a-CH x films. This conclusion is consistent with that reached in a similar study of the adsorption of alcohols to the surfaces of a-CNx films. © 2000 American Vacuum Society. @S0734-2101~00! 05005-3# The magnetic layer in which data are stored on a hard disk is a thin alloy film sputtered onto the surface of the hard disk. In order to protect the magnetic film from damage and from corrosion it is coated with a thin layer ~;100 A! of sputtered amorphous carbon. Lubrication of the interface between the carbon overcoat and the read-write head which flies over the disk surface is provided by an ultrathin film ~10‐20 A! of perfluoropolyalkylether. The properties of the lubricant film are influenced by its interaction with the carbon overcoat and the purpose of this study is to gain a fundamental insight into the nature of these interactions at the molecular level. The carbon overcoats used to protect the surfaces of data storage media are of several different types. The most commonly used types are amorphous carbon films containing either hydrogen (a-CHx) or nitrogen ( a-CNx). Other types that have been considered for possible use include diamondlike carbon and carbon deposited from ion beams. The focus of this work has been on the surfaces of a-CHx films, the most commonly used form. The a-CH x films used in this work have been supplied by a commercial vendor of magnetic media and are identical to those used in practice. Fomblin Zdol is the most commonly used lubricant in the magnetic data storage industry and has been the focus of our attention. The Fomblins, in general, are linear polymers composed of fluoroether backbones with various types of functional end groups. Zdol, in particular, is terminated at either end by hydroxyl groups ( ‐ CH2OH). The nature of these end groups and their interactions with the carbon films influence the properties of the lubricant film. Recent studies have compared the diffusion of Fomblins on various surfaces includ
The New CEO and the Post‐Succession Process: An Integration of Past Research and Future Directions

The early tenure of a new Chief Executive Officer (CEO), also referred to as ‘the CEO post-succession process’, is a critical phase in the history of an organization, because it is associated with a high rate of organizational failure and CEO dismissal. Research on this important process has grown rapidly over the last decade, focusing particularly on the question of how the match between the CEO, the organization and the environment is created in the post-succession process. Yet, the respective literature is highly fragmented, which suggests that there is a need for a systematic review and evaluation of existing works. Adopting the conceptual vocabulary of the practice perspective, the authors review this literature in terms of what it reveals about (1) the practices adopted by new CEOs and other actors involved in the post-succession process, (2) the properties of the key practitioners involved, and (3) the practical context of the post-succession process. This review suggests that new CEOs are primarily involved in practices aimed at integrating the new CEO into the organization, and practices aimed at realigning the organization with its environment. The important insights that the existing literature affords are identified, and the gaps in this body of research are highlighted. On this basis, a concrete research agenda is developed in terms of topics, methodologies and theories.
An extension of conflict-free multivalued dependency sets

Several researchers (Beeri, Bernstein, Chiu, Fagin, Goodman, Maier, Mendelzon, Ullman, and Yannakakis) have introduced a special class of database schemes, called acyclic or tree schemes. Beeri et al. have shown that an acyclic join dependency, naturally defined by an acyclic database scheme, has several desirable properties, and that an acyclic join dependency is equivalent to a conflict-free set of multivalued dependencies. However, since their results are confined to multivalued and join dependencies, it is not clear whether we can handle functional dependencies independently of other dependencies. In the present paper we define an extension of a conflict-free set, called an extended conflict-free set, including multivalued dependencies and functional dependencies, and show the following two properties of an extended conflict-free set: There are three equivalent definitions of an extended conflict-free set. One of them is defined as a set including an acyclic joint dependency and a set of functional dependencies such that the left and right sides of each functional dependency are included in one of the attribute sets that construct the acyclic join dependency. For a relation scheme with an extended conflict-free set, there is a decomposition into third normal form with a lossless join and preservation of dependencies.
Spatial monitoring of temperature estimation during ultrasound heating therapy

Ultrasound instrumentation is being increasingly used for therapeutic purposes but its usage for heating treatments still requires more investigation in terms of spatial-temporal characterization of induced tissue's temperature. Non-invasive ultrasound temperature estimation is accepted to be well performed when based on ultrasound imaging's temporal eco-shifts calculations. Present paper reports experiments developed to analyze temperature propagation on a plane parallel to the heating transducer's face, enlarging as so the spatial range previously tested. Relationship between the reference and the echo delayed signals between pairs of spatial locations symmetrically located in regard to the heating transducer's face have been analyzed in detail. Results demonstrate that ultrasound heating transducer should not be assumed to produce symmetrical pressure field patterns, and, more relevant, that the frequently used temporal eco-shift algorithm do not produce precise estimations of temperature in spatial locations above the axial line of the heating transducer's face towards the imaging transducer.
Reciprocal Anatomical Relationship between Primary Sensory and Prefrontal Cortices in the Human Brain

The human brain exhibits remarkable interindividual variability in cortical architecture. Despite extensive evidence for the behavioral consequences of such anatomical variability in individual cortical regions, it is unclear whether and how different cortical regions covary in morphology. Using a novel approach that combined noninvasive cortical functional mapping with whole-brain voxel-based morphometric analyses, we investigated the anatomical relationship between the functionally mapped visual cortices and other cortical structures in healthy humans. We found a striking anticorrelation between the gray matter volume of primary visual cortex and that of anterior prefrontal cortex, independent from individual differences in overall brain volume. Notably, this negative correlation formed along anatomically separate pathways, as the dorsal and ventral parts of primary visual cortex showed focal anticorrelation with the dorsolateral and ventromedial parts of anterior prefrontal cortex, respectively. Moreover, a similar inverse correlation was found between primary auditory cortex and anterior prefrontal cortex, but no anatomical relationship was observed between other visual cortices and anterior prefrontal cortex. Together, these findings indicate that an anatomical trade-off exists between primary sensory cortices and anterior prefrontal cortex as a possible general principle of human cortical organization. This new discovery challenges the traditional view that the sizes of different brain areas simply scale with overall brain size and suggests the existence of shared genetic or developmental factors that contributes to the formation of anatomically and functionally distant cortical regions.
Burnout and reciprocity: Towards a dual-level social exchange model

Abstract A tentative dual-level social exchange model of burnout and organizational commitment is proposed that includes social exchange relationships at the interpersonal level (i.e. between human services professional, or caregiver, and recipient) as well as at the organizational level (i.e. between employees and organization). The model was tested and cross-validated in two independent samples that consisted of 220 and 142 student nurses, respectively, by using linear structural modelling with LISREL VII. The hypothesized model assumes that lack of reciprocity at both levels is positively related to burnout, whereas poor organizational commitment is exclusively related to lack of reciprocity at the organizational level. This model fitted reasonably well to the data of both samples. The limitations of the study and its practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research on the dual-level social exchange model are proposed.
Metabolism of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in human hepatocytes: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid is a major detoxification pathway catalyzed by cytochrome P450 1A2.

Metabolic pathways of the mutagen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) remain incompletely characterized in humans. In this study, the metabolism of MeIQx was investigated in primary human hepatocytes. Six metabolites were characterized by UV and mass spectroscopy. Novel metabolites were additionally characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The carcinogenic metabolite, 2-(hydroxyamino)-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, which is formed by cytochrome P450 1A2 (P450 1A2), was found to be transformed into the N(2)-glucuronide conjugate, N(2)-(beta-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-(hydroxyamino)-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline. The phase II conjugates N(2)-(3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-2-yl)sulfamic acid and N(2)-(beta-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, as well as the 7-oxo derivatives of MeIQx and N-desmethyl-MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-6-hydro-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-7-one (7-oxo-MeIQx), and 2-amino-6-hydro-8-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-7-one (N-desmethyl-7-oxo-MeIQx), thought to be formed exclusively by the intestinal flora, were also identified. A novel metabolite was characterized as 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid (IQx-8-COOH), and it was the predominant metabolite formed in hepatocytes exposed to MeIQx at levels approaching human exposure. IQx-8-COOH formation is catalyzed by P450 1A2. This metabolite is a detoxication product and does not induce umuC gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium strain NM2009. IQx-8-COOH is also the principal oxidation product of MeIQx excreted in human urine [Turesky, R. , et al. (1998) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11, 217-225]. Thus, P450 1A2 is involved in both the metabolic activation and detoxication of this procarcinogen in humans. Analogous metabolism experiments were conducted with hepatocytes of untreated rats and rats pretreated with the P450 inducer 3-methylcholanthrene. Unlike human hepatocytes, the rat cell preparations did not produce IQx-8-COOH but catalyzed the formation of 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxyimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline as a major P450-mediated detoxication product. In conclusion, our results provide evidence of a novel MeIQx metabolism pathway in humans through P450 1A2-mediated C(8)-oxidation of MeIQx to form IQx-8-COOH. This biotransformation pathway has not been detected in experimental animal species. Considerable interspecies differences exist in the metabolism of MeIQx by P450s, which may affect the biological activity of this mutagen and must be considered when assessing human health risk.
Decisions by coin toss: Inappropriate but fair

In many situations of indeterminacy, where people agree that no decisive arguments favor one alternative to another, they are still strongly opposed to resolving the dilemma by a coin toss. The robustness of this judgment-decision discrepancy is demonstrated in several experiments, where factors like the importance of consequences, similarity of alternatives, conflicts of opinion, outcome certainty, type of randomizer, and fairness considerations are systematically explored. Coin toss is particularly inappropriate in cases of life and death, even when participants agree that the protagonists should have the same chance of being saved. Using a randomizer may seem to conflict with traditional ideas about argument-based rationality and personal responsibility of the decision maker. Moreover, a concrete randomizer like a coin appears more repulsive than the abstract principle of using a random device. Concrete randomizers may, however, be admissible to counteract potential partiality. Implications of the aversion to use randomizers, even under circumstances in which there are compelling reasons to do so, are briefly discussed.
An Analysis of Histone Modifications in Relation to Sex-Specific Chromatin Organization in the Mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus

The male-specific heterochromatization of the paternal genome, observed in coccids, is an example of both genomic imprinting and differential regulation of homologous chromosomes. We observed a highly nuclease-resistant chromatin (NRC) organization of a part of the paternal genome in males of Maconellicoccus hirsutus as reported earlier in Planococcus lilacinus. The nuclease resistance of NRC is correlated with nuclear matrix association and is lost when NRC is dissociated from the matrix. We carried out a comparative analysis of epigenetic modifications of histones in matrix associated chromatin of male and female mealybugs by ELISA. We detected H3K27me3, H4K20me3, H3K9me2 and H3K4me3 in both males and females and observed significant enrichment of H3K27me3 in the nuclear matrix of males compared to that of females. To further examine the presence of NRC in the germ line, nuclei were sorted based on chromatin compaction. The analysis of sorted nuclei indicates the presence of NRC in nuclei with different DNA content including the haploid nuclei from males. We discuss these results in the light of the presence of NRC exclusively in male nuclei and the retention of the maternal genome in sperm nuclei of mealybugs.
User Error With Diskus and Turbuhaler by Asthma Patients and Pharmacists in Jordan and Australia

BACKGROUND: Use of inhalers requires accurate completion of multiple steps to ensure effective medication delivery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the most problematic steps in the use of Diskus and Turbuhaler for pharmacists and patients in Jordon and Australia. METHODS: With standardized inhaler-technique checklists, we asked community pharmacists to demonstrate the use of Diskus and Turbuhaler. We asked patients with asthma to demonstrate the inhaler (Diskus or Turbuhaler) they were currently using. RESULTS: Forty-two community pharmacists in Jordan, and 31 in Australia, participated. In Jordan, 51 asthma patients demonstrated use of Diskus, and 40 demonstrated use of Turbuhaler. In Australia, 53 asthma patients demonstrated use of Diskus, and 42 demonstrated use of Turbuhaler. RESULTS: The pharmacists in Australia had received inhaler-technique education more recently than those in Jordan (P = .03). With Diskus, few pharmacists in either country demonstrated correct technique for step 3 (exhale to residual volume) or step 4 (exhale away from the device), although there were somewhat fewer errors in Australia than Jordan (16% vs 0% in step 3, P = .007, and 20% vs 0% in step 4, P = .003 via chi-square test). With Turbuhaler there were significant differences between the pharmacists from Australia and Jordan, mainly in step 2 (hold the device upright while loading, 45% vs 2% correct, P < .001). Few of the patients had received inhaler-technique education in the previous year. The patients made errors similar to those of the pharmacists in individual steps with Diskus and Turbuhaler. The essential steps with Diskus were performed correctly more often by the Jordanian patients, and with Turbuhaler by the Australian patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences in Jordan's and Australia's health systems, pharmacists from both Australia and Jordan had difficulty with the same Diskus and Turbuhaler steps. In both countries, the errors made by the asthma patients were similar to those made by the pharmacists.
Determinants of Employee Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Test of a Causal Model

The job satisfaction model embedded in the Price-Mueller turnover model was revised and estimated. The revised model examined the effects of a series of environmental, job characteristics, and personality variables that were excluded from the Price-Mueller model. Two-wave longitudinal data were collected from 405 employees of a 327-bed Veterans Administration Medical Center. Four different models representing refinements of the proposed model were estimated using LISREL maximum likelihood methods. The exclusion of important job characteristics (role conflict, supervisory support, and task significance) by the Price-Mueller model was not found to have a significant impact on the explanatory power of the revised model. However, the exclusion of an environmental factor (opportunity) and a personality variable (positive affectivity) was found to be a serious omission. Overall, it was found that the degree to which employees like their job is influenced by a combination of characteristics of the environment (opportunity), the job (routinization and distributive justice), and personality variables (positive affectivity and work motivation). Fifty-seven percent (57%) of the variance in job satisfaction was explained by the revised model, as compared with 49% for the Price-Mueller model.
Words and Beyond: Members’ Experiences of the Supportive Communication and Helping Mechanisms of Al-Anon Groups

Al-Anon members (n = 20) were interviewed to investigate the association between communication and the helping mechanisms of Al-Anon. The research material was thematically analyzed and resulted in six mechanisms of supportive communication (sense of belonging, seeing oneself in relation to others, experiencing self-efficacy, developing a new story, moving the attention to oneself, and finding building blocks of recovery) that operated at two levels of supportive communication: content and relationships. These results provide an outlook on the communication that produces helping mechanisms in mutual-support groups.
Roads as Drivers of Change: Trajectories across the Tri-National Frontier in MAP, the Southwestern Amazon

Regional studies of land cover change are often limited by available data and in terms of comparability across regions, by the transferability of methods. This research addresses the role of roads and infrastructure improvements across a tri-national frontier region with similar climatic and biophysical conditions but very different trajectories of forest clearing. The standardization of methodologies and the extensive spatial and temporal framework of the analysis are exciting as they allow us to monitor a dynamic region with global significance as it enters an era of increased road connectivity and massive potential forest loss. Our study region is the “MAP” frontier, which covers Madre de Dios in Peru, Acre in Brazil, and Pando in Bolivia. This tri-national frontier is being integrated into the global economy via the paving of the Inter-Oceanic Highway which links the region to ports in the Atlantic and Pacific, constituting a major infrastructure change within just the last decade. Notably, there are differences in the extent of road paving among the three sides of the tri-national frontier, with paving complete in Acre, underway in Madre de Dios, and incipient in Pando. Through a multi-temporal analysis of land cover in the MAP region from 1986 to 2005, we found that rates of deforestation differ across the MAP frontier, with higher rates in Acre, followed by Madre de Dios and the lowest rates in Pando, although the dominant land cover across the region is still stable forest cover (89% overall). For all dates in the study period, deforestation rates drop with distance from major roads although the distance before this drop off appears to relate to development, with Acre influencing forests up to around 45 km out, Madre de Dios to about 18 km out and less of a discernable effect or distance value in Pando. As development occurs, the converted forest areas saturate close to roads, resulting in increasing rates of deforestation at further distances and patch consolidation of clearings over time. We can use this trend as a basis for future change predictions, with Acre providing a guide to likely future development for Madre de Dios, and in time potentially for Pando. Given the correspondence of road paving to deforestation, our findings imply that as road paving increases connectivity, flows of people and goods will accelerate across this landscape, increasing the likelihood of dramatic future changes on all sides of the tri‑national frontier.