Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Text Conceptualization Using a Probabilistic Knowledgebase

Most text mining tasks, including clustering and topic detection, are based on statistical methods that treat text as bags of words. Semantics in the text is largely ignored in the mining process, and mining results often have low interpretability. One particular challenge faced by such approaches lies in short text understanding, as short texts lack enough content from which statistical conclusions can be drawn easily. In this paper, we improve text understanding by using a probabilistic knowledgebase that is as rich as our mental world in terms of the concepts (of worldly facts) it contains. We then develop a Bayesian inference mechanism to conceptualize words and short text. We conducted comprehensive experiments on conceptualizing textual terms, and clustering short pieces of text such as Twitter messages. Compared to purely statistical methods such as latent semantic topic modeling or methods that use existing knowledge-bases (e.g., WordNet, Freebase and Wikipedia), our approach brings significant improvements in short text understanding as reflected by the clustering accuracy.
Recycling behaviour in healthcare: waste handling at work

This article reviews the motivational factors for environmental behaviour in general, presenting a case study on recycling disposable plastics in hospitals. Results show that 90% of over 600 employees from six analysed hospitals in Germany reported that the recycling of disposable plastics on the wards makes sense from an environmental and economic point of view. The case study reports an assessment of recycling attitudes and problems of hospital staff, mainly nurses. Employees in eco-certified hospitals were much more satisfied and reported fewer problems with the recycling system. The gender effect was significant only for saving energy, while age correlated with nearly all reported pro-environmental behaviour at home. At work, the mere introduction of a recycling system was insufficient to achieve good recycling results. Based on the study findings, recommendations are given aimed at improving the safety and sustainability of the recycling system. Practitioner Summary: This study examines the factors influencing recycling behaviour in hospitals, using a case study of recycling disposable plastics in six German hospitals. The main findings revealed that personal factors do relate to recycling, however, the greatest potential for improvement was identified in organisational issues, mainly concerning information, feedback and logistics.
Effect of bromocriptine-QR therapy on glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose dysglycemia is inadequately controlled on insulin

ABSTRACT Objective: The concurrent use of an insulin sensitizer in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate glycemic control on basal-bolus insulin may help improve glycemic control while limiting further insulin requirement. Bromocriptine-QR (B-QR), a quick release, sympatholytic, dopamine D2 receptor agonist therapy for T2DM, is a postprandial insulin sensitizer. This study evaluated the effect of B-QR on dysglycemia in T2DM subjects with suboptimal glycemic control on basal-bolus insulin plus metformin. Methods: The effect of once-daily morning administration of B-QR on dysglycemia was evaluated in 60 T2DM subjects derived from the Cycloset Safety Trial, with HbA1c >7% on basal-bolus insulin plus metformin at baseline, randomized to B-QR (N = 44) versus placebo (N = 16) and completed 12 weeks of study drug treatment. The analyses also included a subset of subjects on high-dose insulin (total daily insulin dose (TDID) ≥70 units; N = 36: 27 B-QR; 9 placebo). Results: Subjects were well matched at baseline. After 12 weeks of B-QR treatment, mean % HbA1c decreased by -0.73% relative to baseline (p < 0.001) and by -1.13 relative to placebo (p < 0.001). In the high-dose insulin subset, B-QR therapy resulted in % HbA1c reductions of -0.95 and -1.49 relative to baseline (p < 0.001) and placebo (p = 0.001) respectively. Secondary analyses of treatment effect at 24 and 52 weeks demonstrated similar influences of B-QR on HbA1c. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and TDID changes within each treatment group were not significant. More subjects achieved HbA1c ≤7 at 12 weeks with B-QR relative to placebo (36.4% B-QR vs 0% placebo, Fisher’s exact 2-sided p = 0.003 in the entire cohort and 37% vs 0%, 2-sided p = 0.039 in the high-dose insulin subset). Conclusion: B-QR therapy improves glycemic control in T2DM subjects whose glycemia is poorly controlled on metformin plus basal-bolus insulin, including individuals on high-dose basal-bolus insulin. This glycemic impact occurred without significant change in FPG, suggesting a postprandial glucose lowering mechanism of action. Cycloset Safety Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00377676
Effects of Dietary Energy Intake Levels on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Finishing Barrows and Gilts

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different energy intake on physical and chemical composition in body fractions, growth performance and meat characteristics of finishing barrows and gilts. A total of twenty six crossbred (Landracex Yorkshire) consisting of 16 barrows and 13 gilts were used in this study. The animals were allocated by sex to two treatments to form a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The respective factors were sex (barrow and gilt) and dietary energy intake (1.8 and 3.0 times energy for maintenance). Pigs were kept in individual pens and had ad libitum access to feed and water from the start of the experiment at 52.4±1.9 kg until they reached 109.9±4.4 kg live weight. The growth performance, physical composition and meat characteristics of finishing pigs were not greatly affected by the sex. However, higher fat tissue weight in the carcass was observed in barrows compared with gilts (p<0.05). Higher proportions of water and protein (p<0.05), and lower lipid proportion (p<0.01) in the empty body and carcass were observed in gilts compared with barrows, while protein proportion in lean tissue was not affected by the sex. In fat tissue, only protein proportion was higher in gilts compared with barrows (p<0.05). Although, growth performance, physical and chemical compositions in body fractions were greatly affected, final body or carcass weight was partly affected by the energy intake In addition, loin characteristics such as shear force and loin eye area were partly influenced by energy intake levels. Therefore, the present results showed that growth performance and meat characteristics were not influenced but chemical body composition was greatly influenced by the sex. Growth performance, physical and chemical compositions in body fractions were greatly affected, whereas meat characteristics were partly affected by the energy intake levels.
Cell morphology and focal adhesion location alters internal cell stress

Extracellular mechanical cues have been shown to have a profound effect on osteogenic cell behaviour. However, it is not known precisely how these cues alter intracellular mechanics to initiate changes in cell behaviour. In this study, a combination of in vitro culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and finite-element modelling was used to investigate the effects of passive differences in substrate stiffness on intracellular mechanics. Cells on collagen-based substrates were classified based on the presence of cell processes and the dimensions of various cellular features were quantified. Focal adhesion (FA) density was quantified from immunohistochemical staining, while cell and substrate stiffnesses were measured using a live-cell atomic force microscope. Computational models of cell morphologies were developed using an applied contraction of the cell body to simulate active cell contraction. The results showed that FA density is directly related to cell morphology, while the effect of substrate stiffness on internal cell tension was modulated by both cell morphology and FA density, as investigated by varying the number of adhesion sites present in each morphological model. We propose that the cells desire to achieve a homeostatic stress state may play a role in osteogenic cell differentiation in response to extracellular mechanical cues.
Gaseotransmitters: New Frontiers for Translational Science

Endogenous gaseous mediators offer therapeutic opportunities, as well as unexpected challenges for translational science. Translational research on endogenous gaseous mediators—nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide—has exploded over the past decade. Drugs that modulate either the gaseous mediators themselves or their related intracellular signaling pathways are already in use in the clinics, and still more are being tested in preclinical models and clinical trials. Discussed here are the chemical and pharmacological properties that present challenges for the translation of these potentially toxic molecules.
Prisoner Reentry and Crime in America

Introduction 1. Viewing public safety through the reentry lens Jeremy Travis and Christy Visher 2. From cell to society: who is returning home? Joan Petersilia 3. Reentry as a transient state between liberty and recommitment Alfred Blumstein and Allen J. Beck 4. The contribution of ex-prisoners to crime rates Rick Rosenfeld, Joel Wallman and Robert Fornango 5 Does supervision matter? Anne Morrison Piehl and Stefan F. LoBuglio 6. The impact of imprisonment on the desistance process Shadd Maruna and Hans Toch 7. Communities and reentry: concentrated reentry cycling Todd Clear, Elin Waring and Kristin Scully 8. Work and family perspectives on reentry Christopher Uggen, Sara Wakefield and Bruce Western 9. Considering policy implications Jeremy Travis and Christy Visher.
Only connect – the role of PLHIV group networks in increasing the effectiveness of Ugandan HIV services

Abstract In recent years, Uganda has experienced rapid growth in networked groups of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who provide support, engage in advocacy, treatment and care and raise the profile of HIV in the public domain. This qualitative study focused the benefits of joining a networked group, relationships between groups, impact of networked groups on the community and shaping private and public experience living with HIV. Data were collected from two Ugandan districts, using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), observation and reviews of group records and archives. Respondents (n=46) were adults living with HIV, and members of rural and urban PLHIV groups. Narratives from PLHIV (n=27) were gathered, and records from PLHIV group service-registers (n=20) reviewed. Key Informants (n=15) were purposively selected for interview, based on participation in PLHIV groups, utilisation of network services and their positions as key stakeholders. FGDs were held with network support agents (NSAs), members of PLHIV groups, and their leaders. Following qualitative analysis, findings suggest that for respondents, PLHIV networks enhance the impact and effectiveness of individual groups: the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. For groups, being part of a wider network allows for diversity of service delivery, and well-defined roles for individuals to participate in community support and sensitisation, with a reduction in the experience of stigma. We conclude that networking PLHIV groups is an effective strategy for improving the quality and reach of community-based HIV services. Governments should be encouraged to support networks and include them in policy-making at the national level. Local and regional groups should explore further ways to collaborate and expand support to PLHIV in Uganda.
Serological responses to Cryptosporidium antigens in inhabitants of Hungary using conventionally filtered surface water and riverbank filtered drinking water

SUMMARY In this study the putative protective seroprevalence (PPS) of IgG antibodies to the 27-kDa and 15/17-kDa Cryptosporidium antigens in sera of healthy participants who were and were not exposed to Cryptosporidium oocysts via surface water-derived drinking water was compared. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding risk factors that have been shown to be associated with infection. The PPS was significantly greater (49−61%) in settlements where the drinking water originated from surface water, than in the control city where riverbank filtration was used (21% and 23%). Logistic regression analysis on the risk factors showed an association between bathing/swimming in outdoor pools and antibody responses to the 15/17-kDa antigen complex. Hence the elevated responses were most likely due to the use of contaminated water. Results indicate that waterborne Cryptosporidium infections occur more frequently than reported but may derive from multiple sources.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets With Two Bonding Agents With and Without Saliva Contamination

Objectives: The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with single Bond and Assure bonding agents under dry and saliva contamination conditions. Materials and Methods: A total 60 sound premolar teeth were selected for the purpose of this in vitro study and stainless steel brackets were bonded on enamel surfaces with single bond and assure bonding agents under a dry condition or with salivary con- tamination. The shear bond strength values of the brackets were measured in a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after debonding of the brackets under a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA was used to ana- lyze bond strength. Two-by-two comparisons were made with post hoc Tukey tests (P < 0.001). The frequencies of ARI scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The bond strength values of brackets to tooth structure were 9.29 8.56 and 21.25 8.93 MPa with the use of Assure resin bonding agent under saliva contamination and dry conditions, respectively. These values were 10.13 6.69 and 14.09 6.6 MPa, respectively, under the same conditions with the use of single bond adhesive. Contamination with saliva resulted in a significant decrease in the bond strength of brackets to tooth structure with the application of Assure adhesive resin (P < 0.001). There were no significant dierences in the ARI scores between the dierent study groups. Conclusions: Application of single bond and assure bonding agents resulted in adequate bond strength of brackets to tooth struc- tures. Contamination with saliva significantly decreased the bond strength of Assure bonding agent compared to dry conditions.
Behavior as a stimulus: joint effects of d-amphetamine and pentobarbital.

Pigeons were trained on a procedure where the number of pecks required on a center key (fixed-ratio) signalled which of two side keys was "correct. " The effects of d -amphetamine, pentobarbital and combinations of the drugs on both rate of responding and accuracy were examined. Response rates on the center key were increased by appropriate doses of pentobarbital, but only decreased by d -amphetamine. When given in combination, the two drugs antagonized each other's effects. Response rates on the side keys were increased by either d -amphetamine or pentobarbital, and combinations of the two drugs acted synergistically to incrcase rates more than either drug alone. Both drugs reduced accuracy in a dose-related fashion, and combinations of low doses of the drugs worked synergistically to decrease accuracy. The effects of amphetamine were little changed when the difficulty of the discrimination was increased. The nature of the joint effect of amphetamine and pentobarbital depended on both the current situation and on the aspect of behavior measured.
Two cases of platelet transfusion refractoriness and one case of possible FNAIT caused by antibodies against CD36 in China

Dear Sir, CD36 (also known as GPIV) is expressed on platelets, monocytes, red cells as well as on endothelial cells (Nakajima et al., 2008). The majority of CD36 deficiencies are type II, whose platelets, but not monocytes, failed to express CD36 on the cell surface. A minority of CD36-deficient individuals are type I, neither platelets nor monocytes do express CD36 (Taketani et al., 2008). Individuals with type I deficiency could develop isoantibodies (called anti-Naka) against CD36 (Kashiwagi et al., 2001; Curtis et al., 2002). The frequencies of type I and type II CD36 deficiencies in South China are ∼0·5 and 1·3%, respectively (Xu et al., 2013) (Table 1). Here, we reported two patients who suffered platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and one possible FNAIT case due to CD36 immunisation. Patient 1, an 11-year-old male with history of transfusion received chemotherapy for acute leukaemia. Patient 2, a 35-year-old female with history of pregnancies and transfusions underwent chemotherapy for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Both patients did not respond to apheresis random donor and subsequent HLA-compatible platelet transfusions. Flow cytometry analysis of platelets and monocytes from patient 1 using FITC-labelled mAb FA6-152 against CD36 showed marked reduction of CD36 surface expression when compared with CD36-positive platelets and monocytes derived from a healthy blood donor (platelets: 5·07 vs 97·4%; monocytes: 2·28 vs 95·1%). Similar result was obtained with patient 2 (platelets 3·90%, monocytes 4·96%), indicating that both patients are CD36 type I deficient. Antibody screening by using solid phase assay (PakPLUS kit, GEN-PROBE Incorporated, Waukesha, WI, USA) showed that both sera reacted exclusively with GPIV, but not with GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb/IX, GPIa/IIa and HLA class I antigens. The absence of anti-HLA class I antibodies in these sera were confirmed by extensive analysis using the Lifecode Class I (Immucor, Stamford, USA) HLA class I antibodies screening. Accordingly, sera from both patients reacted with platelets from three different CD36-positive donors (patient 1:
Coping and Quality of Life in relation to headache in Dutch schoolchildren

The aim of this study was to describe the Quality of Life and pain coping strategies of school children in relation to headache severity. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in 2815 children between the age of 9 and 17 years, who filled out Waters' Headache Questionnaire (WHQ), the Paediatric Pain Assessment Tool (PPAT), the Quality of Life Headache in Youth (QLH‐Y) questionnaire and the Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ) in the class‐room setting.
Rhizomucor variabilis var. regularior and Hormographiella aspergillata Infections in a Leukemic Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient with Refractory Neutropenia

ABSTRACT Rhizomucor variabilis and Hormographiella aspergillata rarely cause human infections. This report details a fatal case of a 14-year-old female with leukemia posthematopoietic cell transplant and relapse with refractory pancytopenia. The patient first developed anR. variabilis var. regularior palate infection and later developed a cutaneous H. aspergillata infection while on posaconazole and caspofungin therapy.
Arthroscopic Management of Shoulder Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) can cause severe pain and dysfunction of the shoulder. When conservative treatment fails and operative treatments such as shoulder arthroplasty and open glenohumeral resurfacing are not advisable, shoulder arthroscopy may be used to treat shoulder OA. Arthroscopic treatment of concomitant pathology in the shoulder including subacromial decompression, labral repair, capsular release, microfracture, and distal clavicle excision have been shown to yield good results when combined with glenohumeral debridement in the treatment of shoulder OA. Arthroscopic glenohumeral resurfacing has recently been described and has shown encouraging results. Arthroscopic treatment appears to have better results in shoulders with a lesser degree of osteoarthritis.
The Comparison of Gini and Twoing Algorithms in Terms of Predictive Ability and Misclassification Cost in Data Mining: An Empirical Study

The classification tree is commonly used in data mining for investigating interaction among predictors, particularly. The splitting rule and the decision trees technique employ algorithms that are largely based on statistical and probability methods. Splitting procedure is the most important phase of classification tree training. The aim of this study is to compare Gini and Twoing splitting rules in terms of misclassification cost, obtained the optimal balanced trees and the importance of independent variables. This study shows that the results obtained using the Twoing criterion, as it yields a tree that is much more equally balanced than the tree obtained with the Gini criterion. Misclassification rate was slightly different for the two methods (19% using Twoing criterion and 21,2% for the Gini). Using Twoing splitting rule gets more importance level independent variables and the improvement values are higher than the Gini algorithm. All things being considered, the good performance of the Twoing splitting in this study combined with its robustness to get high classification accuracy, tree structure and the importance of independent variables.
Up to Species-level Community Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota by 16S rRNA Amplicon Pyrosequencing

Pyrosequencing-based 16S rRNA profiling has become a common powerful tool to obtain the community structure of gastrointestinal tract microbiota, but it is still hard to process the massive amount of sequence data into microbial composition data, especially at the species level. Here we propose a new approach in combining the quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME), Mothur and ribosomal database project (RDP) programs to efficiently process 454 pyrosequence data to bacterial composition data up to the species level. It was demonstrated to precisely convert batch sequence data of 16S rRNA V6-V8 amplicons obtained from adult Singaporean fecal samples to taxonomically annotated biota data.
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in dogs with right-sided congestive heart failure

The clinical utility of plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations in dogs with right-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) remains unclear. We investigated whether plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are useful for assessing the congestive signs of right-sided heart failure in dogs. This retrospective study enrolled 16 healthy dogs and 51 untreated dogs with presence (n=28) or absence (n=23) of right-sided CHF. Medical records of physical examinations, thoracic radiography and echocardiography were reviewed. The plasma concentration of canine ANP was measured with a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Plasma NT-proBNP concentrations were determined using an enzyme immunoassay. Plasma ANP and NT-proBNP concentrations in dogs with right-sided CHF were significantly higher than in healthy controls and those without right-sided CHF. The plasma NT-proBNP concentration >3,003 pmol/l used to identify right-sided CHF had a sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 90.3%. An area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.93. The AUC for NT-proBNP was significantly higher than the AUCs for the cardiothoracic ratio, vertebral heart score, ratio of right ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter to body surface area, tricuspid late diastolic flow and ratio of the velocities of tricuspid early to late diastolic flow. These results suggest that plasma ANP and NT-proBNP concentrations increase markedly in dogs with right-sided CHF. Particularly, NT-proBNP is simple and helpful biomarkers to assess the right-sided CHF.