Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aging-Related Selectivity and Susceptibility to Irrelevant Affective Information in the Construction of Attitudes

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to examine the hypothesis that aging is associated with an increase in the selectivity associated with task engagement and related cognitive resource allocation. Adults ranging in age from 20 to 83 years were asked to provide attitude ratings about fictitious political program proposals that varied in terms of personal relevance. Of primary interest was the extent to which these attitude ratings would be influenced by the likability of the individual (i.e., source) responsible for the programs. Consistent with expectations, older adults were more likely than younger adults to provide attitude ratings consistent with the likableness of the source, with this effect being moderated by need for structure and personal relevance. The findings are supportive of the general argument that older adults are able to monitor and control the impact of irrelevant information on performance, but are most likely to engage in such operations in situations of high meaningfulness. Younger adults exhibit similar effects, but the variability across levels of meaningfulness increases with age, a pattern consistent with an aging-related increase in selectivity.
Building a Bridge across the Canyon

Richardson and Anders raised several key points with which we heartily agree. In terms of how to promote teacher change, we share Richardson and Anders's perspective that teachers must be involved in the process of constructing innovations. With respect to practices that are appropriate and sensitive to general education classrooms, our work demonstrates a shared commitment to three important propositions that
Social desirability corrections in personality measurement : Issues of applicant comparison and construct validity

Research investigating the validity of personality measures has established these measures as useful selection tools. However, personality measures are vulnerable to response distortion leading to employer concerns about the influence of applicant faking, with specific concerns about the influence of social desirability. A traditional method used to circumvent this is the application of a correction based on a social desirability scale score. This study sought to evaluate whether such corrections are effective tools for removing the influence of intentional distortion. A within-subjects design facilitated comparisons between honest, faked, and corrected scores. The goal was to evaluate whether a social desirability correction allows one to approximate an individual's honest score. The results suggest that a social desirability correction is ineffective and fails to produce a corrected score that approximates an honest score. Results are interpreted with respect to applicant comparison and construct validity.
Windowed Correlation: A Suitable Tool for Providing Dynamic fMRI-Based Functional Connectivity Neurofeedback on Task Difficulty

The goal of neurofeedback training is to provide participants with relevant information on their ongoing brain processes in order to enable them to change these processes in a meaningful way. Under the assumption of an intrinsic brain-behavior link, neurofeedback can be a tool to guide a participant towards a desired behavioral state, such as a healthier state in the case of patients. Current research in clinical neuroscience regarding the most robust indicators of pathological brain processes in psychiatric and neurological disorders indicates that fMRI-based functional connectivity measures may be among the most important biomarkers of disease. The present study therefore investigated the general potential of providing fMRI neurofeedback based on functional correlations, computed from short-window time course data at the level of single task periods. The ability to detect subtle changes in task performance with block-wise functional connectivity measures was evaluated based on imaging data from healthy participants performing a simple motor task, which was systematically varied along two task dimensions representing two different aspects of task difficulty. The results demonstrate that fMRI-based functional connectivity measures may provide a better indicator for an increase in overall (motor) task difficulty than activation level-based measures. Windowed functional correlations thus seem to provide relevant and unique information regarding ongoing brain processes, which is not captured equally well by standard activation level-based neurofeedback measures. Functional connectivity markers, therefore, may indeed provide a valuable tool to enhance and monitor learning within an fMRI neurofeedback setup.
Activation, self-management, engagement, and retention in behavioral health care: a randomized clinical trial of the DECIDE intervention.

IMPORTANCE Given minority patients' unequal access to quality care, patient activation and self-management strategies have been suggested as a promising approach to improving mental health care. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the DECIDE (Decide the problem; Explore the questions; Closed or open-ended questions; Identify the who, why, or how of the problem; Direct questions to your health care professional; Enjoy a shared solution) intervention, an educational strategy that teaches patients to ask questions and make collaborative decisions with their health care professional, improves patient activation and self-management, as well as engagement and retention in behavioral health care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS In this multisite randomized clinical trial performed from February 1, 2009, through October 9, 2011 (date of last follow-up interview), we recruited 647 English- or Spanish-speaking patients 18 to 70 years old from 13 outpatient community mental health clinics across 5 states and 1 US territory. A total of 722 patients were included in analyses of secondary outcomes. INTERVENTIONS Three DECIDE training sessions delivered by a care manager vs giving patients a brochure on management of behavioral health. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were patient assessment of activation (Patient Activation Scale) and self-management (Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions). Secondary outcomes included patient engagement (proportion of visits attended of those scheduled) and retention (attending at least 4 visits in the 6 months after the baseline research assessment), collected through medical record review or electronic records. RESULTS Patients assigned to DECIDE reported significant increases in activation (mean β = 1.74, SD = 0.58; P = .003) and self-management (mean β = 2.42, SD = 0.90; P = .008) relative to control patients, but there was no evidence of an effect on engagement or retention in care. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The DECIDE intervention appears to help patients learn to effectively ask questions and participate in decisions about their behavioral health care, but a health care professional component might be needed to augment engagement in care. DECIDE appears to have promise as a strategy for changing the role of minority patients in behavioral health care. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01226329
Attachment, reproduction, and life history trade-offs: A broader view of human mating

Abstract In this commentary, we attempt to broaden thinking and dialogue about how our ancestral past might have affected attachment and reproductive strategies. We highlight the theoretical benefits of formulating specific predictions of how different sources of stress might impact attachment and reproductive strategies differently, and we integrate some of these ideas with another recent evolutionary model of human mating.
The needs of males detained under the legal category of ‘psychopathic disorder’ in high security: Implications for policy and service development

Approximately a quarter of the high secure psychiatric hospital (HSPH) population is detained under the 1983 Mental Health Act legal category of ‘psychopathic disorder’ (PD). To date, there have been no studies specifically examining the security, treatment, and placement needs of this group despite recent policy developments. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the needs of all males detained under the legal category of PD in the HSPHs in England. We found that 60% continued to require high secure care. Ongoing needs primarily related to substance misuse, interpersonal relationships, and sexual offending. Security and political issues were key factors associated with the continued need for HSPH care. High levels of Axis I and II co-morbidity were found. Although a substantial proportion did not require HSPH care, organisational and service-related factors prevented or delayed their transfer to appropriate services. The findings are discussed in light of proposed legislative reforms and service developments.
Psychosocial Interventions for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

A diagnosis of head and neck cancer, like any cancer diagnosis, is often accompanied by much fear and uncertainty. In addition, patients with head and neck cancer face difficulties in eating, chewing, drinking, breathing, speaking, as well as changes in appearance. Simultaneously, the burden of head and neck cancer is often manifested in psychosocial dysfunction, which can have a negative impact on quality of life. Although a phenomenon well recognized, little is known about many factors that influence or impact psychosocial dysfunction in individuals with head and neck cancer. Even less is known about the effective management of psychosocial dysfunction. To date, there is evidence to suggest that psychosocial interventions generally provide an overall positive effect. Moreover, some intervention studies, such as education alone, have failed to achieve the desired results. In addition, some studies suggest an advantage of cognitive- behavioral therapy over other forms of psychological treatment. With the growing impetus to investigate factors associated with psychosocial dysfunction, and considerable advancement in the development and validation of many global and disease-specific measures, there is an opportunity for further research to develop an appropriate clinical intervention program for such patients.
Prediction-based charging of PHEVs from the smart grid with dynamic pricing

Coexistence of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) with the emerging smart grids has been recently an attractive and equally challenging research topic. The existing electricity grids are rapidly evolving into smart grids by utilizing the advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Meanwhile, advances in Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) battery technologies have made manufacturing of PHEVs cost-wise effective, and PHEVs are expected to be widely adopted in the following years. PHEVs have several benefits over conventional vehicles such as, less fuel dependency, lower operating costs and lower amount of CO2 emissions. On the other hand, unless PHEVs are powered by off the grid renewable energy resources, they will be drawing electricity from the grid to charge their batteries and they will increase the load on the grid. In the worst case, when the Time Of Charging (TOC) coincides with the critical peak periods, the grid may experience overall or partial failure. For most of the cases, TOC may be during the peak hours when the price of electricity is high. To avoid endangering grid resilience and to avoid high costs, a charging strategy and communication with the smart grid is essential. In this paper, we propose a prediction-based charging scheme which receives dynamic pricing information by wireless communications, predicts the market prices during the charging period and determines an appropriate TOC with low cost. Our prediction-based charging scheme is based-on a simple, light-weight classification technique which is suitable for implementation on a vehicle or a charging station. We show that prediction-based charging provides less operating cost and less CO2 emissions.
Correlates of Daily Newspaper Performance in New England

A crucial question for communication scholars and professionals is what makes one newspaper a strong, positive force within its community and another a weak, perhaps even negative influence in its locale. The question lies a t the heart of press criticism, and its answer is central to an understanding of the role of mass communication in a modern society.1 Yet relatively little empirical research has been brought to bear on this question.2 The dearth of empirical research on press performance is particularly striking given the central role of the media in mass-communication theory. Lasswell's functionalist perspective on the press posits that media perform in ways to better serve the communities in which they operate. ) DeFleur and Ball-Rokeach, McQuail, and Wright, among others, have modified and extended that frame-
Multiobjective Fuzzy-Decision-Making Predictive Torque Control for an Induction Motor Drive

In the recent years, the use of model predictive control in electrical drives has been widely reported both theoretically and experimentally. Predictive torque control has been developed to control induction motor drives, allowing high performance and fast dynamics. However, the optimization used in predictive torque control is based on a single cost function minimization, where control objectives are merged by using weighting factors. The selection of these scalar factors is achieved through offline and online search methods and they are heavily dependent on the system parameters. To avoid this drawback, a multiobjective fuzzy predictive torque control is presented. The proposed strategy replaces the minimization of a scalar cost function with a multiobjective optimization using fuzzy decision making. Experimental implementation is presented to validate the performance of the proposed control scheme.
'Brain death' and organ retrieval. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge and concepts among health professionals.

A sample of 195 physicians and nurses likely to be involved in organ procurement for transplantation was interviewed about knowledge, personal concepts, and attitudes concerning "brain death" and organ donation. Only 68 respondents (35%) correctly identified the legal and medical criteria for determining death. Personal concepts of death varied widely. Most respondents (58%) did not use a coherent concept of death consistently; others (19%) had a concept of death that was logically consistent with changing the whole-brain standard to classify anencephalics and patients in a persistent vegetative state as dead. The findings demonstrate confusion about correct criteria for determining death and differences in concepts of death that might prove troublesome to the transplantation enterprise. We conclude that health professionals should do more to resolve the clinical and conceptual issues in the definition and determination of death before policies concerning organ retrieval are changed.
Status Attainment Research: End of the Beginning or Beginning of the End.

Jencks et al. (1983) provide two replications of the Wisconsin status attainment model, comparing their results closely to the results reported by Sewell and Hauser (1975). While concluding that thl WVisconsin data are not seriously biased, they raise a number of questions regarding the interpretation of the model. Hauser et al. (1983), while not responding to the Jencks et al. paper directly, provide analyses which speak to the issues they raise. Using multiple indicators of most concepts in the model and the LISREL approach to estimation, they suggest a return to the basic causal chain interpretation originally posited by Sewell et al. (1970). The Hauser et al. estimation procedures are complex, and this paper attempts to explicate them. While the Hauser et al. analysis answers a number of questions and clarifies some important issues, many questions remain including the following: What is the meaning and interpretation of "unmeasured" family background? Should disaggregated measures of ability and performance be used rather than composites? Is a more elaborate model of the socialization process, particutarly one which permits reciprocal effects, required to understand status attainment? Finally, what is required to deal effectively with charges that the status attainment model ignores social structure? This paper attempts to answer those questions.
On the Evolutionary Debunking of Morality*

Many claim that the availability of evolutionary explanations for human moral beliefs threatens the view that humans have moral knowledge. Peter Singer suggests that evolutionary explanations can debunk moral claims. Michael Ruse declares: “Morality is a collective illusion foisted upon us by our genes. ” Sharon Street and Richard Joyce have recently offered sustained evolutionary debunkings of morality. Proponents of such debunkings endorse the following thesis:
Identification with Multiple Targets in a Geographically Dispersed Organization

Organizations today are characterized by changing structures and shifting employee loyalty, both of which make research on identification especially timely. Based on social identity theory, this study of a geographically dispersed organization builds on past identification research by examining 4 viable targets of identification simultaneously, the compatibility and competition between those targets, and the influence of several types of tenure. A series of hypotheses and research questions addressing these concerns are analyzed on the basis of 153 surveys from county, area, and state personnel in Colorado's Cooperative Extension Service. Five general conclusions are drawn regarding the relevance of multiple identification targets for the most dispersed geographic levels, the importance of occupational identification across organizational levels, the compatibility between all identification targets, differences between short-and long-term employees, and the importance of occupational tenure in predicting identification.
The ways of the hand : a study of hand function among blind, visually impaired and visually impaired multi-handicapped children and adolescents

This article describes a study of the manual development of 148 blind, visually impaired and visually impaired multi-handicapped children and adolescents between the ages of three and nineteen. The study was undertaken to determine the extent to which object manipulation, tool use and speech express active interaction and communication within the environment. Both manual function and speech depend upon interaction for their optimal development. The data derived from questionnaires confirmed the importance of interaction. The data also showed an inverse relationship between object manipulation and stereotypic hand mannerisms.
The nature and extent of help given to women with intellectual disabilities to manage menstruation

Background Menstruation has been shown to be problematic for many women with intellectual disabilities. There has been a greater focus on menstrual suppression or elimination than on help and training to manage menstrual care successfully. Method A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in England to investigate the help and training currently given to women with intellectual disabilities. Results Twenty‐nine percent of the women had never been given the opportunity to learn how to manage their own menstrual care. Where someone had tried to teach the woman, this was most often her mother. Carers were giving considerable amounts of assistance with menstrual care, although some of the women with more profound disabilities were able to manage menstrual care independently. Conclusions The authors argue that all women with intellectual disabilities should have the chance to manage or assist with their own menstrual care, backed by a strategic approach to menstrual education and support.
Determining the Intrinsic Dimension of a Hyperspectral Image Using Random Matrix Theory

Determining the intrinsic dimension of a hyperspectral image is an important step in the spectral unmixing process and under- or overestimation of this number may lead to incorrect unmixing in unsupervised methods. In this paper, we discuss a new method for determining the intrinsic dimension using recent advances in random matrix theory. This method is entirely unsupervised, free from any user-determined parameters and allows spectrally correlated noise in the data. Robustness tests are run on synthetic data, to determine how the results were affected by noise levels, noise variability, noise approximation, and spectral characteristics of the end-members. Success rates are determined for many different synthetic images, and the method is tested on two pairs of real images, namely a Cuprite scene taken from Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and SpecTIR sensors, and a Lunar Lakes scene taken from AVIRIS and Hyperion, with good results.
Is Occupational Licensing a Barrier to Interstate Migration?

Occupational licensure may limit the interstate movement of workers because it adds to the cost of moving between states. We analyze the interstate migration of 22 licensed occupations, proxying for the difficulty of the regulations by comparing state-specific licensed occupations to those with national licensing exams. Our empirical strategy also uses individuals who move a long distance, removing the influence of occupation characteristics and self-selection of migration-averse individuals into licensed occupations. Our estimates show that occupational licensing reduces interstate migration, but the magnitude of the effect can only account for a small part of the overall decline in recent decades. (JEL J44, J61, R23)
Fear of being tested for HIV at ANC clinics associated with low uptake of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria among pregnant women attending Bondo District Hospital, Western Kenya.

OBJECTIVE Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mostly the impoverished sections of the population. Pregnant women living in malaria-endemic areas are at higher risk of malaria infection with higher density of parasitaemia than non-pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess factors affecting the uptake of IPT among women attending antenatal clinics at Bondo District Hospital, Western Kenya. METHODS This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional survey among pregnant women attending clinics. Malaria is endemic in Bondo district. Both women from Bondo town (urban) and greater Bondo District (rural) who had been pregnant for at least 35 weeks or had delivered not more than 6 weeks prior to the survey), and had ANC cards were included in the study. The main outcomes were ANC attendance, IPT doses received and client and provider factors. RESULTS Results showed that women's knowledge on ANC and IPT was high. The uptake of IPT was low among pregnant women with those from urban areas more likely to make more ANC visits and to get more IPT doses than women from the rural areas. ANC attendance was hampered by the fear of being tested for HIV at the clinic. Perceived side effects associated with IPT-SP hindered IPT uptake and were linked to HIV-related symptoms. Negative attitude among health workers towards pregnant women also adversely impacted IPT uptake. Women suggested that IPT drugs be distributed through community health workers instead of the health facility for improved uptake. CONCLUSIONS Retraining of health workers on the administration of IPT, harmonization of health messages, and assessment of alternative community-based IPT distribution channels ought to be urgently considered. More evidence on the influence of HIV pandemic on perceptions and attitudes toward and uptake of other health interventions is urgently needed.