Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive Affectivity and Fear Trajectories in Infancy: Contributions of Mother-Child Interaction Factors.

Fear and positive emotionality were considered in a growth modeling context. Mothers, primarily Caucasian (91.9%) and of middle socioeconomic status, participated in play interactions with infants at 4 months (N = 148). Infant fear and positive affectivity were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age. A linear trajectory was superior in explaining growth for parent report and observation-based indicators of positive affectivity and parent report of fearfulness; a piecewise model explained the nonlinear growth of observation-based fear. Responsiveness in mother-infant interactions emerged as a significant predictor of the fear trajectory, with higher sensitivity predicting lower levels of observed fear. Reciprocity, tempo, emotional tone, and intensity of mother-infant interactions also made significant contributions to temperament development; however, analyses addressing these were exploratory.
A cognitive load approach to lie detection

We present two lie detection approaches based on cognitive theory. The first approach, ‘measuring cognitive load’, assumes that the mere act of lying generates observable signs of cognitive load. This is the traditional cognitive lie detection approach formulated by Zuckerman, DePaulo, & Rosenthal (1981). The second approach, ‘imposing cognitive load’, was developed by us (Vrij, Fisher, Mann, & Leal, 2006) and goes one step further. Here, the lie detector attempts to actively increase the differences between lying and truth telling by introducing mentally taxing interventions. We assume that people require more cognitive resources when they lie than when they tell the truth to produce their statements, and therefore will have fewer cognitive resources left over to address these mentally taxing interventions when they lie than when they tell the truth. This should result in more pronounced differences between lying and truth telling in terms of displaying stronger signs of cognitive load. We provide empirical support for this approach: Observers can discriminate better between lying and truth telling when interviewers actively impose mentally taxing interventions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
About Lifespan of Regular Solutions of Equations Related to Viscoelastic Fluids

We prove existence and uniqueness of local and global solutions for a system of equations concerning an incompressible viscoelastic fluid of the Oldroyd type. We also show a new a priori estimate for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system and a losing estimate for the transport equations that allow us to give a sufficient condition of non-breakdown.
Infrared reflectance imaging in age‐related macular degeneration

The purpose of this article is to describe the appearance of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes using infrared (IR) reflectance imaging. IR reflectance imaging of the retina has the potential to highlight specific sub‐retinal features and pathology. However, its role in macular disease, specifically AMD, is often underestimated and requires clarification.
The Cyclical Behavior of Skill Acquisition

We use a business cycle model to analyze the general equilibrium implications of a representative agent's decision to devote time to skill acquisition activities, which are modeled as boosting subsequent labor productivity by increasing the stock of human capital. We use aggregate data on consumption, investment, and labor hours to estimate the parameters of the model, and then use the estimated model and the observed data to infer the aggregate behavior of skill acquisition activities. We find that these activities have important cyclical implications and are distinctively countercyclical; they also exhibit a systematic correspondence with college enrollment data. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Early Pregnancy Among Adolescent Females with Serious Emotional Disturbances

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for early pregnancy and outcomes of early parenthood among girls with serious emotional disturbance (SED). Longitudinal data were collected during a 7-year period from 190 female adolescents with SED, ages 9 to 18 at the beginning of the study, and their families. Of the sample, 39% had their first pregnancy by age 18.The results of univariate analyses indicated that among examined risk factors (a) being African American, (b) low family income, (c) dropping out of school, (d) conduct disorder, and (e) substance use disorder were significantly (ps < .05) associated with early pregnancy. However, according to multivariate analysis, only dropping out of school was a significant predictor of early pregnancy.The study also examined outcomes of early parenthood for girls with SED. Girls who had children were more likely (ps < .05) to live in poverty, receive public assistance, and live independently. Dropout status also was examined as an outcome variable,and was a significantly more (p < .05) frequent consequence for girls who had children.
Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents: at presentation and during long-term follow-up

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) leading to referral in children and adolescents, in addition to disease course and long-term outcome. Design: Chart review. Setting: Major tertiary hospital. Patients: 114 children/adolescents (92 female, 22 male; mean (SD) age 11.8 (35) years) with AIT referred for evaluation/treatment. Main outcome measures: Clinical characteristics at presentation, reasons for referral, treatment and long-term (mean 6 years) outcome; by thyroid and pubertal status. Results: The male/female (1:4.2) ratio was lower than in adult AIT (1:10) and varied by age. Patients with noticeable goitre at presentation (39.5%) accounted for half the total number in whom goitre was eventually diagnosed. Other reasons for referral were clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism (28.9%) and findings on work-up for an unrelated problem (19.2%) or for high-risk groups (10.5%). There was no difference in management or outcome between patients who underwent ultrasound (n = 79) or not. Treatment was initiated shortly after diagnosis in all 42 hypothyroid patients and 44/48 compensated hypothyroid patients, and within 16 months in 19/24 euthyroid patients. There was no change in thyroid status in the nine untreated patients. Height standard deviation score (SDS) was normal at referral and last visit and correlated with parental height SDS. Puberty was normal. There was no significant difference in body mass index SDS at referral by pubertal or thyroid status. There was no difference from the general population in the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions: Although goitre is the main symptom leading to diagnosis of AIT, it is still often overlooked, underscoring the need for thorough thyroid evaluation on routine physical examination. Acquired hypothyroidism is not often associated with obesity, and ultrasound usually has no added diagnostic value. Adequate treatment in this age group leads to normal growth, puberty and final height.
Dangerous Work: The Gendered Nature of Bullying in the Context of Higher Education

This article discusses results from a research project which set out to investigate gender differences in the nature and experience of bullying within the higher education sector. Gender differences emerged in the form and perception of bullying as well as in target responses. Results also indicate that, irrespective of gender, bullies can capture and subvert organizational structures and procedures (such as official hierarchies, mentoring systems and probationary reviews) to further their abuse of the target and to conceal their aggressive intent. These outcomes are discussed in relation to gendered assumptions behind management practices and in relation to the masculinist ethic that underpins many higher education management initiatives. Overall, results indicate that bullying cannot be divorced from gender and that such behaviour needs to be seen in a gendered context.
Teaching Strategies for Twice-Exceptional Students

For many years, parents and teachers have been perplexed about youngsters who have dramatic learning strengths in some areas and equally dramatic learning weaknesses in others. These students appear to defy accurate labeling: Are they gifted or learning disabled? Finally, the debate has stopped, and educators are now recognizing these students as “twice-exceptional. ” Rather than trying to use evidence from their weak learning areas to prove they are not “truly gifted,” savvy teachers are now learning how to allow these students to experience the same opportunities available for gifted students when they are learning in their strength areas. When students are learning in their areas of weakness, teachers are learning to provide the same compensation strategies used by other students with learning disabilities. This article offers specific instruction to empower teachers to effectively teach twice-exceptional students.
Labeling Efficacy of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Human Neural Stem Cells: Comparison of Ferumoxides, Monocrystalline Iron Oxide, Cross-linked Iron Oxide (CLIO)-NH2 and tat-CLIO

Objective We wanted to compare the human neural stem cell (hNSC) labeling efficacy of different superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), namely, ferumoxides, monocrystalline iron oxide (MION), cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO)-NH2 and tat-CLIO. Materials and Methods The hNSCs (5 × 105 HB1F3 cells/ml) were incubated for 24 hr in cell culture media that contained 25 µg/ml of ferumoxides, MION or CLIO-NH2, and with or without poly-L-lysine (PLL) and tat-CLIO. The cellular iron uptake was analyzed qualitatively with using a light microscope and this was quantified via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The visibility of the labeled cells was assessed with MR imaging. Results The incorporation of SPIONs into the hNSCs did not affect the cellular proliferations and viabilities. The hNSCs labeled with tat-CLIO showed the longest retention, up to 72 hr, and they contained 2.15 ± 0.3 pg iron/cell, which are 59 fold, 430 fold and six fold more incorporated iron than that of the hNSCs labeled with ferumoxides, MION or CLIO-NH2, respectively. However, when PLL was added, the incorporation of ferumoxides, MION or CLIO-NH2 into the hNSCs was comparable to that of tat-CLIO. Conclusion For MR imaging, hNSCs can be efficiently labeled with tat-CLIO alone or with a combination of ferumoxides, MION, CLIO-NH2 and the transfection agent PLL.
Gas-Rich Dwarf Spheroidals

We present evidence that 10 of the 21 dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph and dSph/dIrr) in the Local Group are associated with large reservoirs of atomic gas, reservoirs that are, in some cases, larger than the stellar mass. The gas is sometimes found at a large distance (~10 kpc) from the center of a galaxy and is not necessarily centered on it. Similarly large quantities of ionized gas could be hidden in these systems as well. The properties of some of the gas reservoirs are similar to the median properties of the high-velocity clouds (HVCs); two of the H I reservoirs are cataloged HVCs. The association of the H I with the dwarf spheroidals might thus provide a link between the HVCs and stars. We show that the H I content of the Local Group dSphs and dIrrs exhibits a sharp decline if the galaxy is within 250 kpc of either the Milky Way or M31. This can be explained if both galaxies have a sufficiently massive X-ray-emitting halo that produces ram-pressure stripping if a dwarf ventures too close to either giant spiral. We also investigate tidal stripping of the dwarf galaxies and find that although it may play a role, it cannot explain the apparent total absence of neutral gas in most dSph galaxies at distances less than 250 kpc. For the derived mean density of the hot gas, n° = 2.5 × 10-5 cm-3, ram-pressure stripping is found to be more than an order of magnitude more effective in removing the gas from the dSph galaxies. The hot halo, with an inferred mass of 1 × 1010 M☉, may represent a reservoir of ~103 destroyed dwarf systems—either HVCs or true dwarf galaxies similar to those we observe now.
Self-efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning as Predictors of Students Academic Performance

In this research, correlations between self-efficacy, self-regulation of learning and academic achievements in a sample of 101 students of the Psychology Faculty at Universitas Padjadjaran were investigated. The study revealed that self-efficacy, selfregulation of learning and academic achievements are positively correlated, which implies that if one of the three variables experience a positive or negative change, the other two will also experience change. The coefficient correlations found in this research are 0.456 for correlation between self-efficacy and self-regulation of learning, 0.304 for correlation between self-regulation of learning and achievement; and 0.263 for correlation between self-efficacy and academic achievement.
Mathematical profiles and problem solving abilities of mathematically promising students

Mathematically promising students are defined as those who have the potential to become the leaders and problem solvers of the future. The purpose of this research is to reveal what problem solving abilities mathematically promising students show in solving non-routine problems and type of profiles they present in the classroom and during problem solving. The students participating in this study were chosen on the basis of mathematics contest scores. Accordingly, four students from an urban private school, taking the first, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth place on the contest formed the sample of the study. The data were collected through non-routine problem solving activities, administered to the participating students after school hours at their school. After examining the students’ responses to the questions, students were interviewed on those same questions.The results suggest that mathematically promising students were very determined, spent a long time in thinking, reflecting and planning. They attempted to solve the challenging problems multiple times, and looked for alternate ways if the one they tried did not work. They found an authentic solution when they do not know or remember the general algorithm.
Pravastatin Attenuates Hypertension, Oxidative Stress, and Angiogenic Imbalance in Rat Model of Placental Ischemia-Induced Hypertension

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by an imbalance of circulating angiogenic factors and new-onset hypertension. Although current treatment options are limited, recent studies suggest that pravastatin may improve angiogenic profile and reduce blood pressure in preeclampsia. We hypothesized pravastatin would restore angiogenic balance and reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats with reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure (RUPP)-induced hypertension. Pravastatin was administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg per day) in RUPP (RUPP+P) and normal pregnant rats (NP+P) from day 14 to 19 of pregnancy. On day 19, MAP was measured via catheter, conceptus data were recorded, and tissues collected. MAP was increased (P<0.05) in RUPP compared with NP dams, and pravastatin ameliorated this difference. Pravastatin attenuated decreased fetal weight and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and the RUPP-induced increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 when compared with NP dams. Pravastatin treatment did not improve angiogenic potential in RUPP serum and decreased (P<0.05) endothelial tube formation in NP rats. RUPP rats presented with indices of oxidative stress, such as increased placental catalase activity and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances along with decreased plasma total antioxidant capacity compared with NP controls, and pravastatin attenuated these effects. MAP, fetal weight, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, and plasma soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 were unchanged in NP+P compared with NP controls. The present data indicate that treatment with pravastatin attenuates oxidative stress and lowers MAP in placental ischemia-induced hypertension, but may have negative effects on circulating angiogenic potential during pregnancy. Further studies are needed to determine whether there are long-term deleterious effects on maternal or fetal health after pravastatin treatment during pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia.
Direct Instruction of Comprehension: Instructional Examples From Intervention Research on Listening and Reading Comprehension

This article examines the role of direct instruction in promoting listening and reading comprehension. Instructional examples from 2 programs of intervention research focused on improving comprehension; the Story Read Aloud Program and the Embedded Story Structure Routine are used to illustrate principles of direct instruction. An analysis of these 2 approaches suggests that direct instruction principles are effective in supporting students with varied achievement levels and that these principles can be used to enhance comprehension among students at very different points in reading development. These evidence-based approaches also illustrate that direct instruction can be designed to support complex learning and the development of higher order cognitive strategies.
Acoustical analysis of spectral and temporal changes in emotional speech

In the present study, the vocal expressions of the emotions anger, hapiness, fear, boredom and sadness are acoustically analyzed in relation to neutral speech. The emotional speech material produced by actors is investigated especially with regard to spectral and segmental changes which are caused by different articulatory behavior accompanying emotional arousal. The findings are interpreted in relation to temporal variations
Topiramate in the treatment of partial and generalized epilepsy

Topiramate (TPM) is a widely-used drug for the treatment of epilepsy. It is useful for several types of partial-onset and generalized-onset seizures, and is therefore considered a broad-spectrum agent. It is also effective as a prophylactic against migraine headaches. TPM was first approved for prescription use in 1996. In various countries it is now approved for adjunctive and monotherapy of partial-onset seizures and for therapy of generalized tonic-clonic seizures of nonfocal origin, for children and adults. For initial monotherapy of new-onset seizures, a target dose of 100 mg/day for adults is recommended. Adjunctive use with enzyme-inducing drugs and use for refractory seizures requires higher dosages, though the optimum dose for most patients does not exceed 400 mg/day. Excretion is primarily renal and TPM is not a significant hepatic enzyme inducer. Although it is usually safe and well-tolerated, adverse effects limit use in about 25% of patients. The most salient of these is cognitive dysfunction, especially problems with expressive speech and verbal memory. Weight loss, renal stones, paresthesias and other central nervous system side effects may occur. Tolerability is improved by low initial doses and slow titration to effect.
Vaginismus and its correlates

Abstract Forty couples who applied for the treatment of vaginismus dysfunction were assessed for sexual satisfaction and marital harmony. In addition, the women's original family environments, state—trait anxiety levels, body images and gender role identities were assessed. Both women and husbands were found to have some problems related to sexual satisfaction in general. Although the husbands seemed to have no problems about sexual relations, it was noted that the women did not have sexual contact frequently, tended to avoid sex and were not very sensual during the sexual interaction. They had fears of pain, physical harm or death during coitus and delivery. Most of the couples evaluated their marriages as satisfctory. Trait anxiety level, wives' evaluations of their husbands as undependable, and authoritarian—oppressive attitudes of the parents were found to be the predictive variables of vaginismus.
The German etanercept registry for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective: To describe a registry set up to monitor children treated with etanercept in Germany and Austria. Methods: Giannini’s criteria, duration of morning stiffness, number of swollen, tender and contracted joints, adverse events, and reasons for discontinuation were assessed. Results: 322 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 12 additional patients with non-JIA rheumatic diagnoses were included. Therapeutic efficacy was observed from one month after treatment was started. The number of patients with significant improvement and the degree of improvement increased during the first year. The mean (SD) number of tender and swollen joints decreased from 9 (9) and 8.4 (9) to 3.0 (6.5) and 4.5 (7) after one month, and to 2.2 (5.5) and 3.3 (5.5) after three months; morning stiffness decreased from 45 (65) minutes to 12 (30) and 7 (19) after one and three months (p<0.001 for all). Using Gianinni’s criteria of 30%, 50%, and 70% improvement, a therapeutic response in JIA patients was achieved in, respectively, 66%, 54%, and 30% after one month, 78%, 61%, and 38% after three months, and 83%, 72%, and 52% after six months. Therapeutic efficacy was lower in patients with systemic onset arthritis. Overall tolerability was good: in 592 patient treatment-years there were 69 reports of adverse events in 56 patients, including one CNS demyelination. There were no opportunistic infections or lupus-like reactions. Treatment was discontinued in 53 JIA patients, in 25 because of lack of efficacy. Conclusion: Etanercept treatment was safe and led to a significant improvement in most JIA patients resistant to conventional treatment.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Differentially Private Billing with Rebates

A number of established and novel business models are based on ﬁne grained billing, including pay-per-view, mobile messaging, voice calls, pay-as-you-drive insurance, smart metering for utility provision, private computing clouds and hosted services. These models apply ﬁne-grained tariffs dependent on time-of-use or place of-use to readings to compute a bill. We extend previously proposed billing protocols to strengthen their privacy in two key ways. First, we study the monetary amount a customer should add to their bill in order to provably hide their activities, within the differential privacy framework. Second, we propose a cryptographic protocol for oblivious billing that ensures any additional expenditure, aimed at protecting privacy, can be tracked and reclaimed in the future, thus minimising its cost. Our proposals can be used together or separately and are backed by provable guarantees of security.
Caring and Sleep Disruption among Women in Italy

Drawing on qualitative research with 27 Italian women aged between 40 and 80 years, this article examines how family structure, gender role expectations and caring roles impact on women's sleep at different points in their life course. Care work shapes sleep quality and duration for the majority of these women. High levels of sleep disturbance were found among women who cared for older frail or disabled relatives. Women caring for young children and adult children living at home also experience decreased sleep quality. When informal care is unsupported, very demanding and stress provoking, sleep disturbance is greater, with women experiencing insomnia, frequent awakenings and light sleep. The article discusses the implications of inadequate welfare provision in Italy, which increases women's unpaid domestic caring work resulting in adverse effects on sleep quality and their overall well being.