Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hidden Markov Model Segmentation Procedure for Hydrological and Enviromental Time Series

In this paper we present a procedure for the segmentation of hydrological and enviromental time series. We consider the segmentation problem from a purely computational point of view which involves the minimization of Hubert’s segmentation cost; in addition this least squares segmentation is equivalent to Maximum Likelihood segmentation. Our segmentation procedure maximizes Likelihood and minimizes Hubert’s least squares criterion using a hidden Markov model (HMM) segmentation algorithm. This algorithm is guaranteed to achieve a local maximum of the Likelihood. We evaluate the segmentation procedure with numerical experiments which involve artificial, temperature and river discharge time series. In all experiments, the procedure actually achieves the global minimum of the Likelihood; furthermore execution time is only a few seconds, even for time series with over a thousand terms.
Prison, power, and people with learning disabilities : the complexities of curtailed lives

Very little is known about how people with learning disabilities symbolically engage with imprisonment and discursively account for it within their wider self-narratives. Although there are no cohesive incarceration figures for people with a learning disability, prevalence studies suggest that they are over-represented among prison populations worldwide. This research addresses a major gap in literature as people with learning disabilities’ accounts are largely absent from prison sociologies, and offending and imprisonment experiences are missing from learning disability studies literature. By bringing together empirical, theoretical, and methodological knowledge from criminology and disability studies, the research fills this void and heralds the value of drawing on two distinct fields of study. This thesis provides a platform for the experiences of 25 men and women with learning disabilities who were serving a custodial sentence or who had been recently liberated from custody at the time of research. Through a critical realist lens, the study used innovative qualitative research methods - multiple and semi-structured interviews - in order to preserve the ethical and moral integrity of researching inclusively with people with learning disabilities while being sensitive to the challenges of researching within prison. The research found that people with learning disabilities are disadvantaged and marginalised in unique ways as a result of the increasing psychological demands associated with late modern imprisonment. In prison, they negotiate distinct barriers to their full social participation with and through their punishment, sentence, and the demands of daily prison life. As a result, they face intersectional forms of oppression and are further socially disenfranchised through institutional process which render them vulnerable and dependent on the structures, supports, and regime of prison which are often absent from their lives in the community. Participants internalised their exclusion, and characterised their lives through experiences of labelling, governance, and curtailment.
Experimental Labor Markets and Policy Considerations: Incomplete Contracts and Macroeconomic Aspects

This survey focuses on experimental labor markets investigating two aspects that deem us important for a better understanding of labor market relations and the consequences for labor market policies. The first part of the survey is dedicated to papers that assess the prevalence of reciprocal considerations in incomplete labor contracts. The second part summarizes the relatively small but growing experimental literature exploring labor issues in a macroeconomics and public finance setting and studying the interaction between taxation and labor market outcomes.
Re-infection following sustained virological response with a different hepatitis C virus genotype: implications for infection control policy

We report the case of a 45-year-old haemodialysis patient who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) following pegylated interferon therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 infection. He was subsequently cohorted with other HCV-infected dialysis patients and became re-infected with HCV genotype 3a. Epidemiological and molecular investigations identified a highly viraemic HCV genotype 3a-infected dialysis patient as the likely source of this infection. This critical incident informed a revision to local and national infection control policy regarding the dialysis management of patients who achieve an SVR following anti-viral treatment.
Successful Aging at Work: Empirical and Methodological Advancements

The workforce is aging in most developed and many developing countries, and there is a need to further extend and improve older employees’ working lives. Organizational scientists and practitioners, therefore, have become more and more interested in the topic of successful aging at work. Over the past few years, scholars have introduced theoretical frameworks that help distinguish successful from unsuccessful aging at work and that explain how workers can age successfully at work. To move research in this area forward, this special issue focuses on rigorous empirical contributions and methodological advancements. After introducing the topic and its theoretical background, we summarize the 6 empirical studies included in this special issue. A remarkable feature of this collection of articles is the diversity of topics related to successful aging at work addressed (e.g., motives, emotion regulation, action strategies, performance, and human resource practices) and research designs used (e.g., experimental vignette methodology, experience sampling, randomized controlled interventions, and mixed-method designs). We conclude this guest editorial by outlining implications for future research and organizational practice.
THREE MEASURES OF COPING IN VIDEO GAMES (CIV-III): THE DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUCT VALIDATION, AND PROFILE ANALYSIS OF THE CIV-III

THREE MEASURES OF COPING IN VIDEO GAMES (CIV-III): THE DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUCT VALIDATION, AND PROFILE ANALYSIS OF THE CIV-III Chelsea Marie Hughes, M.S. A proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Ph.D. Commonwealth Professor Department of Psychology Video games provide a competitive, goal-oriented environment. They involve individuals who often seek intentionally to frustrate their opponents’ goals. The gaming community is made up of players who vary in their interpersonal style, learning histories, and skill levels. In this rich and dynamic environment, stress is a common experience. Given the prevalence of gameplay in the population and the frequency of gameplay among gamers, it is important to examine coping responses to stressors, particularly maladaptive ones. The present research entails three studies. In Study 1, I use exploratory factor analyses to develop three scales purported to measure maladaptive coping strategies in response to frustration in multiplayer video games: aggression (CIV-A), catharsis (CIV-C), and self-condemnation (CIV-S). In Study 2, I provide further evidence of the single factor structure identified in Study 1 using confirmatory factor analyses. I additionally provide evidence that the three CIV scales can be used as a single, three-factor measure (CIV-III). Moreover, I conduct a path analysis to provide initial evidence of the scale’s
Molecular morphology of the tetrodotoxin-binding sodium channel protein from Electrophorus electricus in solubilized and reconstituted preparations

The appearance of detergent-solubilized voltage-regulated sodium channel protein was recently characterized by this laboratory. Negative- staining revealed rod-shaped particles measuring 40 X 170 A. Further studies have suggested that the actual configuration of this protein may be quite different from the rod-shaped structures. Freeze-fracture and freeze-etch images of the protein in reconstituted membranes indicated that the channel is cylindrical with a diameter of 100 A and a minimum length of 80 A. Experiments with two detergent systems (Lubrol-PX and sodium cholate) enabled us to explain the discrepancy between this structure and the rod-shaped particles visualized earlier. Negative staining in either detergent at low pH (4.5) produced rod- shaped structures. As the pH was increased, doughnut-shaped particles, consistent with the structure of the protein in freeze-etch, appeared in negative stain. The tendency of the protein to change shape under different pH conditions appears to be a peculiar property of this protein.
Concern about Environmental Pollution: How Much Difference Do Race and Ethnicity Make? A New Jersey Case Study

A survey conducted among 1,513 residents of New Jersey during March–May 2004 showed that non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and English-speaking Hispanic Americans were significantly more concerned about environmental pollution problems than were Asian Americans and Spanish-language Hispanic Americans. For example, an average of > 40% of the first three groups was very concerned about New Jersey’s environmental problems, compared with 15% of the last two populations. There were also racial/ethnic differences among these groups in their desire for government action to protect the environment and in their personal support of the environmental movement. Regression analyses suggest that the 1970s and 1980s model of core support for environmental protection from white, female, young, educated, and politically liberal people has largely, but not completely, continued among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and English-language Hispanic populations. But these demographic pointers do not hold for Asian and Spanish-language Hispanic Americans, except indicating more support among the more formally educated. The last two groups are the two fastest-growing subpopulations in the United States, and although acculturation may slowly increase their concern about environmental pollution, it is more prudent for proponents of environmental protection not to wait and instead to try to better understand the environmental perceptions of these groups.
The Role of Stromally Produced Cathepsin D in Promoting Prostate Tumorigenesis

Abstract : Stromal-epithelial interactions are important in development and cancer of the prostate. Estrogen receptor functions as a transcription factor to regulate gene expression. One such ERregulated gene is the protease cathepsin D (CathD). This proposal has two immediate objectives. The first is to determine how overexpression of cyclin D1 (CD1) in the stroma induces the upregulation of the estrogen regulated gene CathD. The second objective is to determine how overexpression of CathD in the stroma can contribute to tumorigenesis in the epithelium. Results show 1) CD1 interacts with the ER-alpha to modify the expression of estrogen regulated genes like CathD in prostate fibroblasts. 2) ER signaling in the stroma contributing to CAFs induced tumorigenesis in adjacent epithelium. 3) Stromal specific overexpression of CathD promotes prostate tumorigenesis through activation of TGF--beta signaling pathways.
Mining Frequent Item Sets More Efficiently Using ITL Mining

Correlated The discovery of association rules is an important problem in data mining. It is a two-step process consisting of finding the frequent itemsets and generating association rules from them. Most of the research attention is focused on efficient methods of finding frequent itemsets because it is computationally the most expensive step. This paper presents a new data structure and a more efficient algorithm for mining frequent itemsets from typical data sets. The improvement is achieved by scanning the database just once and by reducing item traversals within transactions. The performance comparisons of the algorithm against the fastest Apriori implementation and the recently developed H-Mine algorithm are given here. These results show that the algorithm outperforms both Apriori and H-mine on several widely used test data sets.
Training duration may not be a predisposing factor in potential maladaptations in talent development programmes that promote early specialisation in elite youth soccer

Purpose To determine whether training duration is a predisposing factor in potential maladaptations in talent development programmes that promote early specialisation in elite youth soccer. Methods Training times and type of 184 elite soccer players, from the under-9 to under-21 age groups (age 9.4 to 18.4 yrs; stature 1.38 to 1.82 m; body mass 32.2 to 76.2 kg) were recorded. Results Total training time progressively increased between the under-9 (268 ± 25 min/week) and under-14 (477 ± 19 min/week) groups with the majority of training time (96.5 ± 3.9%) consisting of soccer training and matches. Total training time then subsequently reduced from under-14 to under-15 (266 ± 77 min/week) groups, with no differences in training time between under-15 and under-21. Only under-15 to under-21 players completed resistance training; this inclusion coincided with a reduction in soccer training and match play when compared to time spent in these activities for younger groups (73.8 ± 3.2% of total training). Conclusion Data suggest that although the majority of training is focused on technical development, the training duration as a whole is unlikely to contribute to potential maladaptations in talent development programmes in elite youth soccer.
Selective sampling and active learning from single and multiple teachers

We present a new online learning algorithm in the selective sampling framework, where labels must be actively queried before they are revealed. We prove bounds on the regret of our algorithm and on the number of labels it queries when faced with an adaptive adversarial strategy of generating the instances. Our bounds both generalize and strictly improve over previous bounds in similar settings. Additionally, our selective sampling algorithm can be converted into an efficient statistical active learning algorithm. We extend our algorithm and analysis to the multiple-teacher setting, where the algorithm can choose which subset of teachers to query for each label. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques on a real-world Internet search problem.
Simple spatial multiplexing based on imperfect channel estimates

Techniques for communication over flat multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) channels are well established when either perfect channel state information or no channel state information is available at the transmitter. However, communication over channels where the transmitter has access to partial or imperfect information has received less attention. If exploited, such information could improve system performance. We propose a simple system design scheme, that approximately maximizes the data rates of MIMO communication systems where imperfect channel estimates are available at the transmitter. The algorithm is computationally attractive and, by taking the uncertainty of the channel estimates into account in the design, gains can be demonstrated compared with systems not exploiting this information.
Multilinear independent components analysis

Independent components analysis (ICA) maximizes the statistical independence of the representational components of a training image ensemble, but it cannot distinguish between the different factors, or modes, inherent to image formation, including scene structure, illumination, and imaging. We introduce a nonlinear, multifactor model that generalizes ICA. Our multilinear ICA (MICA) model of image ensembles learns the statistically independent components of multiple factors. Whereas ICA employs linear (matrix) algebra, MICA exploits multilinear (tensor) algebra. We furthermore introduce a multilinear projection algorithm which projects an unlabeled test image into the N constituent mode spaces to simultaneously infer its mode labels. In the context of facial image ensembles, where the mode labels are person, viewpoint, illumination, expression, etc., we demonstrate that the statistical regularities learned by MICA capture information that, in conjunction with our multilinear projection algorithm, improves automatic face recognition.
English Medium Instruction (EMI) as Linguistic Capital in Nepal: Promises and Realities

ABSTRACT This article reports on a critical qualitative case study of an EMI-based, underresourced public school in Nepal through Bourdieu’s lens of linguistic capital. As the data analysis revealed, parents, students, and teachers regarded EMI as a privileged form of linguistic capital for developing advanced English skills, enhancing educational achievements and access to higher education, and increasing the chance of upward social and economic mobility. In contrary to these rosy perceptions of EMI with overtly superficial promises, switching to EMI, without enough teacher preparation and infrastructure support in the school, had contributed to several unplanned negative outcomes, including a contested process of developing the English proficiency. Despite the school’s claim of offering EMI education, Nepali was the actual language of instruction in the school due to teachers’ lack of proficiency in English and the school’s inadequate resources and preparedness for a shift to EMI. As a result, the students developed neither the content knowledge nor English language skills. Therefore, rather than being an educational equalizer, EMI has served to (re)produce linguistic marginalization and educational inequality and injustice for children from a lower socioeconomic status. We suggest critical reflection on EMI adoption and reenvision “sustainable additive multilingualism” in such contexts (Erling et al., 2016).
Regeneration of begonia plantlets by direct organogenesis

The economic importance of ornamentals worldwide suggests a bright future for ornamental breeding. Rapid progress in plant molecular biology has great potentials to contribute to the breeding of novel ornamental plants utilizing recombinant DNA technology. The plant cell, tissue or organ culture of many ornamental species and their regeneration are essential for providing the material and systems for their genetic manipulation, and this is therefore the first requirement of genetic engineering. In this research, different concentration of BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mgl-¹ with NAA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 mgl-¹) and BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mgl-¹) with IAA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, mgl-¹) were investigated to optimize regeneration of Begonia elatior cv. Toran orange. The best regeneration and growth were obtained from the media containing 2.0 mgl-¹ BA and 1.0 mgl-¹ NAA (70%) followed by 1.0 mgl-¹ BA and 0.5 mgl-¹ NAA (50%), 1.0 mgl-¹ BA and 1.0 mgl-¹ NAA (20%) in BA - NAA combination. The media with BA - IAA combination showed that the best regeneration was 0.5 mgl-¹ BA and 0.5 mgl-¹ IAA (43%) followed by 0.5 mgl-¹ BA and 1.0 mgl-¹ IAA (23%).
Ketidakjujuran Akademik pada Calon Guru Agama

The purpose of this study is how the forms of dishonest behavior in situations doing paper work, mid semester exam and final exam of the semester and describe the purpose of behaving dishonestly. Participants in this study are 29 students of 4th semester of Islamic studies education program at university x in Purwokerto. This research uses qualitative method with vignette open questionnaire data retrieval tool known as method to reveal values in individual and data analysis using content analysis. Based on the results of this study revealed that the task situation is the most used situation by students to do academic dishonesty. Academic forms of academic dishonesty work on paper assignments, mid semester exam and final semester exam is asking / asking answers, cheating / looking at friends' answers, quoting blogs, copying paste, copying answers, opening small papers. While the purpose of academic disagreement on the situation of doing paper assignments, mid semester exam and final exam of the semester that is to be / easy to do, work completed / quickly completed, for friends to teach / get answers, not difficult in doing, accurate answers, good value, -same cackling with friends and borrowing to copy.
Humor Styles as Mediators Between Self-Evaluative Standards and Psychological Well-Being

The authors examined how certain humor styles mediate the relations between self-evaluative standards (which form the primary evaluative component of the self-schema) and psychological well-being. As predicted, greater endorsement of positive self-evaluative standards led to the use of more affiliative humor, which, in turn, led to higher levels of social self-esteem and lower levels of depression. Also, as predicted, greater endorsement of negative self-evaluative standards led to the use of more self-defeating humor, which resulted in lower levels of social self-esteem and higher levels of depression. Further, affiliative humor also mediated the relation between negative self-evaluative standards and well-being. In this study, the greater endorsement of negative self-evaluative standards led to the use of less affiliative humor, which led to a decrease in social self-esteem. These results suggest that specific features associated with these 2 humor styles may contribute in a differential manner to an individual's level of well-being. In particular, the increased use of affiliative humor may facilitate the development and maintenance of social support networks that foster and enhance well-being. Alternatively, the greater use of self-defeating humor may result in the development of maladaptive social support networks that impede psychological well-being.