Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On social commitment, roles and preferred goals

We present a framework for modelling various types of influences on an agent's prioritising of its goals, with emphasis on obligations arising from the agent's roles in designated relationships. The framework is based on work of Bell and Huang on goal hierarchies and intention revision, and incorporates notions related to social goal adoption and social commitment as discussed by Castelfranchi. We use roles as an abstraction to enable the agent designer to scope the sphere of influence of one agent with respect to another. Roles then provide a way to specify how the agent should balance competing obligations from different relationships, and from tensions between personal preferences and social obligations. This approach seems to integrate well with the use of team plans for implementing collaborative behaviour.
Tissue-Protective Effect of Glutamine on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1

Background/Aims: Glutamine showed cytoprotective activity in vitro on anoxia-reoxygenation injury via induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We thus investigated its in vivo tissue-protective effect in a rat liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. Methods: Before the I/R procedure, animals were treated with glutamine. Liver injury was evaluated by serum liver enzymes, histological examination and apoptosis detection by transferase-mediated uridine nick end labeling staining. Meanwhile, expression and activities of HO-1 were measured by Western blot and a biochemical method. Liver blood flow was measured by using a laser Doppler flowmeter, and oxidative injury was investigated by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay. The inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was quantified by ELISA. Results: I/R caused a large increase in levels of liver enzymes, remarkably inducing the necrosis and apoptosis of liver tissue, which was markedly inhibited by glutamine, during which HO-1 was upregulated significantly, and the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin nullified the effect of glutamine. Liver blood flow was greatly reduced after I/R; however, it was significantly improved by glutamine. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in liver tissue was largely induced which was significantly lowered by glutamine. Similar results were also observed for the production of MCP-1. Conclusion: Glutamine protected tissue against oxidative injury during rat hepatic I/R, by induction of HO-1 to fulfill antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Psychosocial Aspects of Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effects of aerobic exercise training on psychosocial aspects (mental health, the aspects of physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social functioning, and depression) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: 53 men who had type 2 diabetes mellitus for a mean duration of the disease for 3±5 years were selected purposely and classified randomly into experimental (27 patients) and a control group (26 patients). Patients in the experimental group did aerobic exercise training three times a week for eight weeks. The exercise included an aerobic activity for 45 to 60 minutes during which the patients’ heart rates were maintained at 60-70 percent of heart rate reserve on ergo meter bikes. Results: The eight-week aerobic exercise training had significant effects on mental health (p = 0.002), subscales of physical symptoms (p = 0.006), and anxiety and insomnia (p = 0.001). It had no significant effects on subscales related to disorder of social functioning (p = 0.117) and depression (p = 0.657). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise training can be considered as an appropriate program for improving the health of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it also can improve their mental health.
Quantum data processing and error correction.

This paper investigates properties of noisy quantum information channels. We define a quantity called {ital coherent} {ital information}, which measures the amount of quantum information conveyed in the noisy channel. This quantity can never be increased by quantum information processing, and it yields a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of perfect quantum error correction. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Network consensus under distributed transmission delays

We study the linear consensus problem in weighted and directed networks under signal transmission delays. In contrast to signal processing delays, the average of the initial conditions is not an invariant of the dynamics. Consequently, the consensus value depends on the delay distribution. On the other hand, the condition for convergence to consensus does not depend on delays but requires the existence of a directed spanning tree in the network. We consider both discrete and distributed delays and for each case calculate the consensus value explicitly.
Analysis of the influence of polylactic acid (PLA) colour on FDM 3D printing temperature and part finishing

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the effect of different polylactic acid (PLA) colours used on fused deposition modelling (FDM), considering the product finishing quality produced with the same process conditions. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted was to design a virtual modelling object and three-dimensional (3D) print it with FDM with different PLA colours (natural, green and black), using the same parameters. 3D scanning and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse the model finishing of each sample. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to characterize the material and verify if the colour affected its thermal behaviour. Findings Findings showed that different PLA colours lead to distinct 3D printed finishings under the same process conditions. Thermal analysis showed a reason for the printing finishing difference. The degradation temperatures and the glass temperatures vary depending on the PLA colour. This affects the FDM working temperature. Originality/value This study will contribute to improving the finishing quality of 3D printed products by collaborating to the determination of its process conditions.
STABILITY OF THE BUFFER SYSTEM OF LEMON JUICE.

In previous studies (11, 12, 13), the authors have shown that the buffer systems of lemon and grapefruit juices are similar to those of pure citric acid solutions which contain amounts of free acid and salts (combined acids) in amounts equivalent to those of the juices. Consequuently, the titration curves of lemon and grapefruit juices differ slightly from a pure citric acid solution provided a correction is made for the salts (combined organic acids) naturally occurring in the juices. Since these curves are nearly identical in slope, it can be reasonably assumed that the stability of the buffer system of lemon juice under various conditions is similar to that of a pure citric acid solution and its salts. To prove this hypothesis, experiments were planned to study the effects of certain factors, which as dilution, various amounts of neutral salts, sucrose and heat on the stability of the buffer properties of both lemon juice and citric acid-citrate solutions. The stability factor is measured in terms of the changes in pH of the systems under the different treatments. Citrus juices have an efficient buffer system as shown by the fact that they resist changes in pH when hydrogen or hydroxyl ions are added to them. As citrus juices are naturally high in acidity, their maxinlum buffer capacity occurs on the acid side. All biological fluids are, to some degree, buffered against sudden changes in pH when strong acids or bases are added to the systems. This type of mechanism is essential for stabilizing the reaction media which are necessary for the normal function of living tissues.
Impact of intensive school-based nutrition education and lifestyle interventions on insulin resistance, β-cell function, disposition index, and subclinical inflammation among Asian Indian adolescents: a controlled intervention study.

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to assess the impact of intensive and repetitive nutrition education and lifestyle interventions on insulin resistance, β-cell function, disposition index (DI), and subclinical inflammation in Asian Indian adolescents (15-17 years) residing in North India. METHOD In this prospective study, two matched schools were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 56; 31 boys and 25 girls) or control group (n = 50; 30 boys and 20 girls). The intervention consisted of seven components: (1) Dissemination of health-related information through lectures and focused group discussions, (2) planning of activities such as quizzes, (3) individual counseling of students, (4) promotion of physical activity, (5) change in the canteen menu to healthier alternatives, (6) conducting health camps involving parents and teachers, and (7) training of student volunteers for sustainability of the program in school. Impact of intervention was studied on surrogate markers of insulin resistance, β-cell function, disposition index, and subclinical inflammation. RESULTS At 6 months follow-up, significantly higher (P = 0.037) mean value of homeostasis model assessment denoting β-cell function (HOMA-βCF) was seen in the intervention group compared to the control group, whereas high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly lowered (P < 0.001). The increase (30.3 ± 73.4; P < 0.037) observed in the DI in adolescents in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group. The Pearson's coefficient of correlation in the intervention group showed that the Δ-decrease in mean waist circumference was significantly correlated (r = 0.267, P < 0.05) with Δ-decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSION The intervention model developed by us could be used for amelioration of insulin resistance with potential of preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian adolescents.
Using Predicate-Argument Structures for Information Extraction

In this paper we present a novel, customizable IE paradigm that takes advantage of predicate-argument structures. We also introduce a new way of automatically identifying predicate argument structures, which is central to our IE paradigm. It is based on: (1) an extended set of features; and (2) inductive decision tree learning. The experimental results prove our claim that accurate predicate-argument structures enable high quality IE results.
Transcriptional Response of the Archaeal Ammonia Oxidizer Nitrosopumilus maritimus to Low and Environmentally Relevant Ammonia Concentrations

ABSTRACT The ability of chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea to compete for ammonia among marine microorganisms at low ambient concentrations has been in part attributed to their extremely high affinity for ammonia, but as yet there is no mechanistic understanding of supporting metabolism. We examined transcription of selected genes for anabolic functions (CO2 fixation, ammonia transport, and cell wall synthesis) and a central catabolic function (ammonia oxidation) in the thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 growing at two ammonia concentrations, as measured by combined ammonia and ammonium, one well above the Km for ammonia oxidation (∼500 μM) and the other well below the Km (<10 nM). Transcript levels were generally immediately and differentially repressed when cells transitioned from ammonia-replete to ammonia-limiting conditions. Transcript levels for ammonia oxidation, CO2 fixation, and one of the ammonia transport genes were approximately the same at high and low ammonia availability. Transcripts for all analyzed genes decreased with time in the complete absence of ammonia, but with various rates of decay. The new steady-state mRNA levels established are presumably more reflective of the natural physiological state of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and offer a reference for interpreting message abundance patterns in the natural environment.
Correlation of E-cadherin expression and routine immunohistochemistry panel in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Down-regulation of the epithelial cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is frequently associated with tumor formation and progression in breast cancer. The aim of this study is the assessment of relationship between E-cadherin expression and routine prognostic biomarkers as well as grading and lymph node status in breast invasive ductal carcinomas. The associations between co-expression of E-cadherin and other biomarkers on one hand and grading, proliferating index and lymph node status on the other have also been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation of E-cadherin expression and routine immunohistochemistry panel in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. METHODS 108 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens (of invasive ductal carcinoma "NOS" type) from the pathology archive of Alzahra hospital(Isfahan, Iran) which had been studied for expression of routine molecular biomarkers were selected. E-cadherin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Stained sections were classified according to the intensity of staining and the percentage of cells showing E-cadherin staining. RESULTS No association was found between E-cadherin alteration and ER, PR, p53, Ki67 and HER2/neu status of breast cancer. However, E-cadherin alteration showed a significant difference between grading and also lymph node groups. There was no association between co-expression of E-cadherin/ER, E-cadherin/PR, E-cadherin/Her-2neu, E-cadherin/p53 and Her-2neu/p53 on one hand and Ki67 status and tumor grade on the other. Co-expressions of E-cadherin/Her-2neu and E-cadherin/p53 showed significant difference in lymph node groups. CONCLUSION We found that E-cadherin alteration in breast cancer has an association with other important prognostic factors. Evaluation of E-cadherin status can help, independently or in addition to conventional biological prognostic markers, to identify prognosis of breast cancer.
Associations between Nausea, Vomiting, Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life of Women in Early Pregnancy: The Generation R Study

The objective of this study was to evaluate the independent associations between nausea, vomiting, fatigue and health-related quality of life of women in early pregnancy in the Generation R study, which is a prospective mother and child cohort. Analyses were based on 5079 women in early pregnancy in the Rotterdam area, the Netherlands. The information on nausea, vomiting and fatigue in the previous three months was measured in the questionnaire at enrollment, as well as potential confounders (i.e., maternal/gestational age, ethnic background, educational level, parity, marital status, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use, chronic/infectious conditions, uro-genital conditions/symptoms, sleep quality, headache, anxiety, and depression). Health-related quality of life was assessed by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey and physical and mental component summary scores were calculated. Multivariate regression models were performed to evaluate the independent associations of the presence of nausea, vomiting and fatigue with health-related quality of life, adjusting for potential confounders. 33.6% of women experienced daily presence of nausea, 9.6% for vomiting and 44.4% for fatigue. Comparing with women who never reported nausea, vomiting and fatigue, women with daily presence of at least one of these symptoms had significantly lower scores of physical component summary and mental component summary, after adjusting for potential confounders. Our study shows how common nausea, vomiting and fatigue are among women in early pregnancy and how much each of these symptoms negatively impact on health-related quality of life. We call for awareness of this issue from health care professionals, pregnant women and their families.
A Theory of Reduced and Minimal Procedural Dependencies

A reduced set of procedural dependencies is presented which is necessary and sufficient to describe all procedural dependencies in standard imperative codes. Hence, the set is minimal. In conjunction with reduced data dependencies, this set forms a set of minimal semantic dependencies for all traditional code. It is also shown that all forward branches in structured code are procedurally independent. The effects of limited hardware are also addressed. A possible implementation of a machine enforcing just the minimal procedural dependencies is described. >
Extracranial expansion of a feline meningioma

Meningioma is the most frequently observed primary brain tumour in cats. Usually, it is associated with an intracranial expansion with consequent brain compression, oedema and brain herniation. Typical features of feline intracranial meningiomas are hyperostosis of the adjacent bone and intratumoral mineralisation. We describe a 13-year-old male neutered cat with a 1-year history of behavioural change. At clinical and neurological examination the cat showed signs consistent with right-sided forebrain lesion. Magnetic resonance images showed a right-sided extra-axial contrast enhancing mass in the region of the frontotemporal lobe. The overlying bone of the calvarium showed a marked defect with extracranial expansion of the tissue. Surgery was performed and the tumour could be exposed by a right-sided temporal approach. After extension of the bony defect the mass could be removed properly. The cat recovered well from surgery and a 12-month follow-up showed no persistent neurological deficits. Histopathological assessment of the tumour revealed a transitional grade 1 meningioma. Despite osteolysis and extracranial expansion of the tumour differentials should include menigioma in feline intracranial neoplasms.
Deconstructing the Architecture of Dorsal and Ventral Attention Systems with Dynamic Causal Modeling

Attentional orientation to a spatial cue and reorientation—after invalid cueing—are mediated by two distinct networks in the human brain. A bilateral dorsal frontoparietal network, comprising the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the frontal eye fields (FEF), controls the voluntary deployment of attention and may modulate visual cortex in preparation for upcoming stimulation. In contrast, reorienting attention to invalidly cued targets engages a right-lateralized ventral frontoparietal network comprising the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and ventral frontal cortex. The present fMRI study investigated the functional architecture of these two attentional systems by characterizing effective connectivity during lateralized orienting and reorienting of attention, respectively. Subjects performed a modified version of Posner's location-cueing paradigm. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of regional responses in the dorsal and ventral network, identified in a conventional (SPM) whole-brain analysis, was used to compare different functional architectures. Bayesian model selection showed that top-down connections from left and right IPS to left and right visual cortex, respectively, were modulated by the direction of attention. Moreover, model evidence was highest for a model with directed influences from bilateral IPS to FEF, and reciprocal coupling between right and left FEF. Invalid cueing enhanced forward connections from visual areas to right TPJ, and directed influences from right TPJ to right IPS and IFG (inferior frontal gyrus). These findings shed further light on the functional organization of the dorsal and ventral attentional network and support a context-sensitive lateralization in the top-down (backward) mediation of attentional orienting and the bottom-up (forward) effects of invalid cueing.
High-Content Screening of Human Primary Muscle Satellite Cells for New Therapies for Muscular Atrophy/Dystrophy

Myoblast proliferation and differentiation are essential for normal skeletal muscle growth and repair. Muscle recovery is dependent on the quiescent population of muscle stem cells - satellite cells. During muscle injury, satellite cells become mitotically active and begin the repair process by fusing with each other and/or with myofibers. Aging, prolonged inactivity, obesity, cachexia and other muscle wasting diseases are associated with a decreased number of quiescent and proliferating satellite cells, which impedes the repair process. A high-content/high-throughput platform was developed and utilized for robust phenotypic evaluation of human primary satellite cells in vitro for the discovery of chemical probes that may improve muscle recovery. A 1600 compound pilot screen was developed using two highly annotated small molecule libraries. This screen yielded 15 dose responsive compounds that increased proliferation rate in satellite cells derived from a single obese human donor. Two of these compounds remained dose responsive when counter-screened in 3-donor obese superlot. The Alk-5 inhibitor LY364947, was used as a positive control for assessing satellite cell proliferation/delayed differentiation. A multivariate approach was utilized for exploratory data analysis to discover proliferation vs. differentiation-dependent changes in cellular phenotype. Initial screening efforts successfully identified a number of phenotypic outcomes that are associated with desired effect of stimulation of proliferation and delayed differentiation.
Simulations of the formation and evolution of isolated dwarf galaxies

We present new fully self-consistent models of the formation and evolution of isolated dwarf galaxies (DGs). We have used the publicly available N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code HYDRA, to which we have added a set of star formation criteria, and prescriptions for chemical enrichment [taking into account contributions from both Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) and Type II supernova (SN II)], supernova feedback, and gas cooling. We extensively tested the soundness of these prescriptions and the numerical convergence of the models. The models follow the evolution of an initially homogeneous gas cloud collapsing in a pre-existing dark matter (DM) halo. These simplified initial conditions are supported by the merger trees of isolated DGs extracted from the milli-Millennium Simulation. The star formation histories (SFHs) of the model galaxies exhibit burst-like behaviour. These bursts are a consequence of the blow-out and subsequent in-fall of gas. The amount of gas that leaves the galaxy for good is found to be small, in absolute numbers, ranging between 3 x 10(7) and 6 x 10(7) M(circle dot). For the least massive models, however, this is over 80 per cent of their initial gas mass. The local fluctuations in gas density are strong enough to trigger starbursts in the massive models, or to inhibit anything more than small residual star formation (SF) for the less massive models. Between these starbursts there can be time intervals of several gigayears. The models' surface brightness profiles are well fitted by Sersic profiles and the correlations between the models' Sersic parameters and luminosity agree with the observations. We have also compared model predictions for the half-light radius R(e), central velocity dispersion sigma(c), broad-band colour B - v, metallicity [Z/Z(circle dot)] versus luminosity relations and for the location relative to the fundamental plane with the available data. The properties of the model DGs agree quite well with those of observed DGs. However, the properties of the most massive models deviate from those of observed galaxies. This most likely signals that galaxy mergers are starting to affect the galaxies' SFHs in this mass regime (M greater than or similar to 10(9) M(circle dot)). We found that a good way to assess the soundness of models is provided by the combination of R(e) and sigma(c). The demand that these are reproduced simultaneously places a stringent constraint on the spatial distribution of SF and on the shape and extent of the DM halo relative to that of the stars.