Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Personality on Daily Life Emotional Processes

Personality features are associated with individual differences in daily emotional life, such as negative and positive affectivity, affect variability and affect reactivity. The existing literature is somewhat mixed and inconclusive about the nature of these associations. The aim of this study was to shed light on what personality features represent in daily life by investigating the effect of the Five Factor traits on different daily emotional processes using an ecologically valid method. The Experience Sampling Method was used to collect repeated reports of daily affect and experiences from 104 healthy university students during one week of their normal lives. Personality traits of the Five Factor model were assessed using NEO Five Factor Inventory. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the effect of the personality traits on daily emotional processes. Neuroticism predicted higher negative and lower positive affect, higher affect variability, more negative subjective evaluations of daily incidents, and higher reactivity to stressors. Conscientiousness, by contrast, predicted lower average level, variability, and reactivity of negative affect. Agreeableness was associated with higher positive and lower negative affect, lower variability of sadness, and more positive subjective evaluations of daily incidents. Extraversion predicted higher positive affect and more positive subjective evaluations of daily activities. Openness had no effect on average level of affect, but predicted higher reactivity to daily stressors. The results show that the personality features independently predict different aspects of daily emotional processes. Neuroticism was associated with all of the processes. Identifying these processes can help us to better understand individual differences in daily emotional life.
Does Gender Matter in Grant Peer Review?

One of the most frequently voiced criticisms of the peer review process is gender bias. In this study we evaluated the grant peer review process (external reviewers’ ratings, and board of trustees’ final decision: approval or no approval for funding) at the Austrian Science Fund with respect to gender. The data consisted of 8,496 research proposals (census) across all disciplines from 1999 to 2009, which were rated on a scale from 1 to 100 (poor to excellent) by 18,357 external reviewers in 23,977 reviews. In line with the current state of research, we found that the final decision was not associated with applicant’s gender or with any correspondence between gender of applicants and reviewers. However, the decisions on the grant applications showed a robust female reviewer salience effect. The approval probability decreases (up to 10%), when there is parity or a majority of women in the group of reviewers. Our results confirm an overall gender null hypothesis for the peer review process of men’s and women’s grant applications in contrast to claims that women’s grants are systematically downrated.
Wilms’ Tumor—Lessons and Outcomes—A 25-Year Single Center UK Experience

Wilms’ tumor (WT) is a common childhood renal cancer. A 25-year single center UK experience is reported. During 1985–2010, 97 children underwent immediate nephrectomy or delayed resection of tumor after chemotherapy. Survival, morbidity, and late effects following treatment are described. Tumor distribution was: Stage I, 25.7% (n = 25); Stage II, 24.7% (n = 24); Stage III, 26.8% (n = 26); Stage IV, 17.5% (n = 17); and Stage V, 5.2% (n = 5). Immediate nephrectomy was performed in 39% (n = 38) patients with elective delayed resection in 61% (n = 59) cases. Ten patients had cavotomy to excise tumor involving vena cava territory. Two cases required cardiopulmonary bypass. Tumor rupture was recorded in eight (8.5%) total operated cases—after immediate (n = 5/37), 13.5% vs delayed nephrectomy—(n = 3/57), 5.2%; X 2 P = . 154. From 2001 onwards, one case of tumor rupture was recorded at this center after the universal adoption of UKW3 and SIOP guidelines advocating preoperative chemotherapy and delayed nephrectomy for all WT. Three treatment-related deaths occurred—hepatic veno-occlusive disease (n = 2) with actinomycin D and a single WT fatality due to vascular injury. Overall survival was 84.5% (82/97 cases). Two patients developed “late malignancies” —thyroid cancer and a basal cell carcinoma. This study demonstrates excellent survival for WT comparable with national outcomes and international cooperative studies. Adverse events with chemotherapy and surgery, including “late onset,” second malignancies deserve special consideration.
Longitudinal Study of the Decline in Renal Function in Healthy Subjects

Background Chronic kidney disease is an important concern in preventive medicine, but the rate of decline in renal function in healthy population is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to determine reference values for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and rate of decline of eGFR in healthy subjects and to evaluate factors associated with this decline using a large cohort in Japan. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were performed with healthy subjects aged ≥18 years old who received a medical checkup. Reference values for eGFR were obtained using a nonparametric method and those for decline of eGFR were calculated by mixed model analysis. Relationships of eGFR decline rate with baseline variables were examined using a linear least-squares method. Results In the cross-sectional study, reference values for eGFR were obtained by gender and age in 72,521 healthy subjects. The mean (±SD) eGFR was 83.7±14.7ml/min/1.73m2. In the longitudinal study, reference values for eGFR decline rate were obtained by gender, age, and renal stage in 45,586 healthy subjects. In the same renal stage, there was little difference in the rate of decline regardless of age. The decline in eGFR depended on the renal stage and was strongly related to baseline eGFR, with a faster decline with a higher baseline eGFR and a slower decline with a lower baseline eGFR. The mean (±SD) eGFR decline rate was ‒1.07±0.42ml/min/1.73m2/year (‒1.29±0.41%/year) in subjects with a mean eGFR of 81.5±11.6ml/min/1.73m2. Conclusions The present study clarified for the first time the reference values for the rate of eGFR decline stratified by gender, age, and renal stage in healthy subjects. The rate of eGFR decline depended mainly on baseline eGFR, but not on age, with a slower decline with a lower baseline eGFR.
COSMIC: somatic cancer genetics at high-resolution

COSMIC, the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk) is a high-resolution resource for exploring targets and trends in the genetics of human cancer. Currently the broadest database of mutations in cancer, the information in COSMIC is curated by expert scientists, primarily by scrutinizing large numbers of scientific publications. Over 4 million coding mutations are described in v78 (September 2016), combining genome-wide sequencing results from 28 366 tumours with complete manual curation of 23 489 individual publications focused on 186 key genes and 286 key fusion pairs across all cancers. Molecular profiling of large tumour numbers has also allowed the annotation of more than 13 million non-coding mutations, 18 029 gene fusions, 187 429 genome rearrangements, 1 271 436 abnormal copy number segments, 9 175 462 abnormal expression variants and 7 879 142 differentially methylated CpG dinucleotides. COSMIC now details the genetics of drug resistance, novel somatic gene mutations which allow a tumour to evade therapeutic cancer drugs. Focusing initially on highly characterized drugs and genes, COSMIC v78 contains wide resistance mutation profiles across 20 drugs, detailing the recurrence of 301 unique resistance alleles across 1934 drug-resistant tumours. All information from the COSMIC database is available freely on the COSMIC website.
Frequency of High-Performance Magnetic Nanoparticles of Mid- Ampicillin, as Antibacterial Agents

The project, based on large studies in the context of the application nanoparticles in biological science and medicine. So, Firstly the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) Fe3O4 synthesized by a chemical Co-precipitation method with a cover layer of silica (to prevent excess oxidation and increases the sufficiency of the surface of the nanoparticles) that in the size of 20 nm were prepared. Then the core/shell structure of it detected by the analyses of the SEM, FT-IR. Purpose of this production was for using of the full performance level of nanoparticles in absorption of antibiotics, ampicillin (amp), thus that normal value is 100 μg. ml-1 of amp solved in 20 mg of MNPs on terms of room temperature and normal time 0.25 hr. The resulting sample was tested by the analysis UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the results obtained indicated that amp absorbed is stabilized 85% up on the surface of nanoparticles. The resulting link between those two, the kind of bond-electrostatic which was proved by the analysis of EDX. Eventually this combination to processing bactericidal was used. In this case, MNPs-amp combination in the normal value of 20 μl of a bacteria culture model was added during overnight (In-vitro). More, the results showed that 95% of the bacteria were killed. According to the results obtained, as antibacterial properties of MNPs-amp, became apparent. Lastly, MNPs was separated by magnet which controlled by external magnetic field. So it can be targeted to a system for the transfer between nanoparticles to bacteria for specification of quality antibacterial.
The corpulent phenotype—how the brain maximizes survival in stressful environments

The reactivity of the stress system may change during the life course. In many—but not all—humans the stress reactivity decreases, once the individual is chronically exposed to a stressful and unsafe environment (e.g., poverty, work with high demands, unhappy martial relationship). Such an adaptation is referred to as habituation. Stress habituation allows alleviating the burden of chronic stress, particularly cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, two recent experiments demonstrated low stress reactivity during a mental or psychosocial challenge in subjects with a high body mass. In this focused review we attempt to integrate these experimental findings in a larger context. Are these data compatible with data sets showing a prolonged life expectancy in corpulent people? From the perspective of neuroenergetics, we here raise the question whether “obesity” is unhealthy at all. Is the corpulent phenotype possibly the result of “adaptive phenotypic plasticity” allowing optimized survival in stressful environments?
Rhadinovirus Host Entry by Co-operative Infection

Rhadinoviruses establish chronic infections of clinical and economic importance. Several show respiratory transmission and cause lung pathologies. We used Murid Herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4) to understand how rhadinovirus lung infection might work. A primary epithelial or B cell infection often is assumed. MuHV-4 targeted instead alveolar macrophages, and their depletion reduced markedly host entry. While host entry was efficient, alveolar macrophages lacked heparan - an important rhadinovirus binding target - and were infected poorly ex vivo. In situ analysis revealed that virions bound initially not to macrophages but to heparan+ type 1 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Although epithelial cell lines endocytose MuHV-4 readily in vitro, AECs did not. Rather bound virions were acquired by macrophages; epithelial infection occurred only later. Thus, host entry was co-operative - virion binding to epithelial cells licensed macrophage infection, and this in turn licensed AEC infection. An antibody block of epithelial cell binding failed to block host entry: opsonization provided merely another route to macrophages. By contrast an antibody block of membrane fusion was effective. Therefore co-operative infection extended viral tropism beyond the normal paradigm of a target cell infected readily in vitro; and macrophage involvement in host entry required neutralization to act down-stream of cell binding.
Temporal kernels for the identification of grassland management using time series of high spatial resolution satellite images

Grasslands, and more precisely agricultural practices associated with grasslands have an important impact on water and soil quality and biodiversity. In many regions, associated with agriculture intensification, a decrease of grasslands and change in their management can be observed during the last half century. Thus, determination of grassland management types represents an important approach for the quality and preservation of the environment. In this context, the objective of this study is to identify agricultural practices on grasslands from a time series of high spatial resolution images. Based on training samples, the classification of the LAI temporal profiles extracted from satellite images was performed using 1-standard classification technique as KNN and 2- an advanced ones using temporal kernels based on Dynamic Time Warping. Results show that use of an advanced classification technique improves of 20% the quality of grassland management identification.
Limited memory incremental coreference resolution

We propose an algorithm for coreference resolution based on analogy with shift-reduce parsing. By reconceptualising the task in this way, we unite ranking- and cluster-based approaches to coreference resolution, which have until now been largely orthogonal. Additionally, our framework naturally lends itself to rich discourse modelling, which we use to define a series of psycholinguistically motivated features. We achieve CoNLL scores of 63.33 and 62.91 on the CoNLL-2012 DEV and TEST splits of the OntoNotes 5 corpus, beating the publicly available state of the art systems. These results are also competitive with the best reported research systems despite our system having low memory requirements and a simpler model.
The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Intervention for Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Objective The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of different psychological interventions for children and adults with cleft lip and/or palate and their parents. Design We searched six databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE to June 2013 and checked bibliographies. We included research that evaluated any psychological intervention in studies in which at least 90% of the participants had cleft lip and/or palate or were parents of those with cleft lip and/or palate. Studies containing less than 90% were excluded unless they reported results separately for those with cleft lip and/or palate, or raw data were available upon request from the authors. Inclusion assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers. Results Seven studies were identified as inclusions, with only two studies being included in the full data analysis (one of which failed to meet the full inclusion criteria). The five remaining studies were included only in a narrative synthesis because data were available for people or parents of those with cleft lip and/or palate only. This highlights a distinct dearth of research into psychological intervention within the field of cleft lip and/or palate. Conclusions The review found no evidence to support any specific intervention. Key uncertainties need to be identified and addressed. Adequately powered, methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to provide a secure evidence base for psychological intervention techniques in participants with cleft lip and/or palate and their parents.
Oxidation behaviour of an intermetallic Ti–Al–Cr–Zr bond coat on a γ–TiAl based TNB alloy with 7YSZ thermal barrier coating

Abstract Intermetallic titanium aluminide alloys are attractive light-weight materials for high temperature applications in automotive and aero engines. The development of γ-TiAl alloys over the past decades has led to their successful commercial application as low pressure turbine blades. The operating temperatures of γ-TiAl based alloys are limited by deterioration in strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures as well as poor oxidation behaviour above 800 °C. Since improvement in oxidation behaviour of γ-TiAl based alloys without impairing their mechanical properties represents a major challenge, intermetallic protective coatings have aroused increasing interest in the last years. In this work, a 10 μm thick intermetallic Ti–46Al–36Cr–4Zr (in at.-%) coating was applied on a TNB alloy using magnetron sputtering. This layer provided excellent oxidation protection up to 1000 °C. Microstructural changes in this coating during the high temperature exposure were extensively investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The coating developed a three-phase microstructure consisting of the hexagonal Laves-phase Ti(Cr,Al)2, the tetragonal Cr2Al phase and the cubic τ-TiAl3 phase. After long-term exposure the three-phase microstructure changed to a two-phase microstructure of the hexagonal α2-Ti3Al phase and an orthorhombic body-centred phase, whose crystal structure has not yet been definitely identified. On the coating, a thin protective alumina scale formed. Applying this intermetallic layer as bond coat, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of yttria partially stabilized zirconia were deposited on γ-TiAl based TNB samples using electron-beam physical vapour deposition. The results of cyclic oxidation testing (1 h at elevated temperature, 10 min. cooling at ambient temperature) revealed a TBC lifetime of more than 1000 h of cyclic exposure to air at 1000 °C. The ceramic topcoat exhibited an excellent adhesion to the thermally grown alumina scale which contained fine ZrO2 precipitates.
Epidemiology of pemphigus in the western region of Turkey: retrospective analysis of 87 patients

Background: Pemphigus is a worldwide disease and varies in its clinical profile and epidemiology in different regions of the world. The disease is rare and few epidemiological data are available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic features of pemphigus in the western region of Turkey. Methods: We retrospectively investigated a total of 87 patients with pemphigus. The parameters including age at diagnosis, sex, diagnostic delay, diagnostic methods, hospitalizations, distribution of skin lesions, duration and dose of therapy, side effects, and duration of follow-up were evaluated. Results: The mean age at the onset was 48 years. The average annual incidence of the disease was seven new patients and estimated annual incidence rate was 0.18 per 100,000 inhabitants. The male-to-female ratio was 1/1.64. All patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids. The mean initial dose was 100 mg prednisolone equivalent. Thirty-three (37.9%) patients received azathioprine as adjuvant therapy. The mean time to control the disease activity was 23 days in our study group. Ten patients (11.5%) were in clinical remission without treatment, 41 patients (47.1%) were on low dose steroid (≤10 mg daily), and 28 (32.2%) were using >10 mg/day corticosteroid at the end of the study period. Conclusion: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common clinical subtype in the western part of Turkey. The disease is more frequent in the fifth decade of life and has a female predominance in our region. The patients with both oral mucosa and skin involvement need higher corticosteroid dose, more time to control the disease activity and longer hospitalization time when compared with the patients with oral mucosa involvement alone.
Diagnostic value of serum CA125, CA19-9 and CA15-3 in endometriosis: A meta-analysis

Aim To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum cancer antigen (CA)125, CA19-9 and CA15-3 concentrations in endometriosis. Methods Case–control studies evaluating CA125, CA19-9 and CA15-3 and endometriosis, published between January 2000 and November 2014 were retrieved from PubMed® and Google Scholar. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were carried out by ethnicity and disease stage (early, stage I/II; advanced, stage III/IV). Results The analysis included 12 case–control studies (963 cases, 855 controls). CA125 was associated with endometriosis in the overall population (SMD 0.82, 95% CI 0.72, 0.92), Caucasian subgroup (SMD 1.08, 95% CI 0.96, 1.19), and early (SMD 1.20, 95% CI 0.93, 1.48) or advanced disease (SMD 1.29, 95% CI 1.04, 1.55). CA19-9 was associated with endometriosis in the overall population (SMD 0.48, 95% CI 0.24, 0.72), Caucasian subgroup (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.07, 0.55), Asian subgroup (SMD 9.65, 95% CI 7.88, 11.42) and advanced disease (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.34, 0.87). CA15-3 was significantly associated with advanced disease (SMD 0.47, 95% CI 0.09, 0.84). Conclusions Serum CA125 and CA19-9 may represent useful biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis.
Acute Septic Arthritis

SUMMARY Acute septic arthritis may develop as a result of hematogenous seeding, direct introduction, or extension from a contiguous focus of infection. The pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis is multifactorial and depends on the interaction of the host immune response and the adherence factors, toxins, and immunoavoidance strategies of the invading pathogen. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus are used in discussing the host-pathogen interaction in the pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis. While diagnosis rests on isolation of the bacterial species from synovial fluid samples, patient history, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging studies are also important. Acute nongonococcal septic arthritis is a medical emergency that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt recognition, rapid and aggressive antimicrobial therapy, and surgical treatment are critical to ensuring a good prognosis. Even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, high mortality and morbidity rates still occur. In contrast, gonococcal arthritis is often successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy alone and demonstrates a very low rate of complications and an excellent prognosis for full return of normal joint function. In the case of prosthetic joint infections, the hardware must be eventually removed by a two-stage revision in order to cure the infection.