Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dynamic pivot selection technique for similarity search

All pivot-based algorithms for similarity search use a set of reference points called pivots. The pivot-based search algorithm precomputes some distances to these reference points, which are used to discard objects during a search without comparing them directly with the query. Though most of the algorithms proposed to date select these reference points at random, previous works have shown the importance of intelligently selecting these points for the index performance. However, the proposed pivot selection techniques need to know beforehand the complete database to obtain good results, which inevitably makes the index static. More recent works have addressed this problem, proposing techniques that dynamically select pivots as the database grows. This paper presents a new technique for choosing pivots, that combines the good properties of previous proposals with the recently proposed dynamic selection. The experimental evaluation provided in this paper shows that the new proposed technique outperforms the state-of-art methods for selecting pivots.
Effects of an anxiogenic benzodiazepine receptor ligand on motor activity and dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum in the rat

The effects of the anxiogenic beta-carboline FG 7142 (N-methyl-beta- carboline-3-carboxylate) on motor activity and dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum were measured in the rat. Changes in extracellular homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration, monitored by computer-controlled linear sweep voltammetry with carbon-paste electrodes, were used as an index of changes in dopamine release. An intraperitoneal injection of FG 7142 was followed by an inhibition of the nocturnal rise in motor activity and in dopamine release in nucleus accumbens, but not striatum. Two days after the drug injection, dopamine release in nucleus accumbens returned to control level and then increased on days 3-6 after the injection; there was no delayed change in motor activity or in striatal dopamine release. In parallel experiments using ex vivo changes in the ratio of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) to dopamine as an index of changes in dopamine turnover, a similar early depression and delayed increase of dopamine turnover in nucleus accumbens, with no change in striatum, was found after an intraperitoneal injection of FG 7142. Regression analysis of motor activity versus dopamine release showed a decrease in correlation between these 2 parameters for nucleus accumbens but not striatum after FG 7142 injection. These results suggest that the inverse benzodiazepine receptor agonist FG 7142 has a biphasic effect on dopamine release from mesolimbic neurons and support the hypothesis that dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum has a modulatory effect on the control of motor activity but does not play a determining role in the regulation of movement.
Sparse Representations Are Most Likely to Be the Sparsest Possible

Given a signal and a full-rank matrix with, we define the signal's overcomplete representations as all satisfying. Among all the possible solutions, we have special interest in the sparsest one—the one minimizing. Previous work has established that a representation is unique if it is sparse enough, requiring. The measure stands for the minimal number of columns from that are linearly dependent. This bound is tight—examples can be constructed to show that with or more nonzero entries, uniqueness is violated. In this paper we study the behavior of overcomplete representations beyond the above bound. While tight from a worst-case standpoint, a probabilistic point of view leads to uniqueness of representations satisfying. Furthermore, we show that even beyond this point, uniqueness can still be claimed with high confidence. This new result is important for the study of the average performance of pursuit algorithms—when trying to show an equivalence between the pursuit result and the ideal solution, one must also guarantee that the ideal result is indeed the sparsest.
Oxidative Modification of Proteins in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis with Bacterial Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cause chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, inducing chronic oxidative stress. Several markers of plasma protein oxidative damage and glycoxidation and activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes have been compared in stable CF patients chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 12) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 10) in relation to healthy subjects (n = 11). Concentration of nitric oxide was also measured in the exhaled air from the lower respiratory tract of patients with CF. Elevated glycophore (4.22 ± 0.91 and 4.19 ± 1.04 versus control 3.18 ± 0.53 fluorescence units (FU)/mg protein; P < 0.05) and carbonyl group levels (1.9 ± 0.64, 1.87 ± 0.45 versus control 0.94 ± 0.19 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.05) as well as increased glutathione S-transferase activity (2.51 ± 0.88 and 2.57 ± 0.79 U/g Hb versus 0.77 ± 0.16 U/g Hb; P < 0.05) were noted in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected CF. Kynurenine level (4.91 ± 1.22 versus 3.89 ± 0.54 FU/mg protein; P < 0.05) was elevated only in Staphylococcus aureus infected CF. These results confirm oxidative stress in CF and demonstrate the usefulness of the glycophore level and protein carbonyl groups as markers of oxidative modifications of plasma proteins in this disease.
(Re)ranking Meets Morphosyntax: State-of-the-art Results from the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task

This paper describes the IMS-SZEGED-CIS contribution to the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task. We participate in both the constituency and dependency tracks, and achieve state-of-theart for all languages. For both tracks we make significant improvements through high quality preprocessing and (re)ranking on top of strong baselines. Our system came out first for both tracks.
Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs: Identification of Job Categories Potentially Exposed throughout the Hospital Medication System

Objectives Studies examining healthcare workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs have focused on the drug preparation or drug administration areas. However, such an approach has probably underestimated the overall exposure risk as the drugs need to be delivered to the facility, transported internally and then disposed. The objective of this study is to determine whether drug contamination occurs throughout a facility and, simultaneously, to identify those job categories that are potentially exposed. Methods This was a multi-site study based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Interviews were conducted to determine the departments where the drugs travel. Subsequent site observations were performed to ascertain those surfaces which frequently came into contact with antineoplastic drugs and to determine the job categories which are likely to contact these surfaces. Wipe samples were collected to quantify surface contamination. Results Surface contamination was found in all six stages of the hospital medication system. Job categories consistently found to be at risk of exposure were nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy receivers. Up to 11 job categories per site may be at risk of exposure at some point during the hospital medication system. Conclusion We found drug contamination on select surfaces at every stage of the medication system, which indicates the existence of an exposure potential throughout the facility. Our results suggest that a broader range of workers are potentially exposed than has been previously examined. These results will allow us to develop a more inclusive exposure assessment encompassing all healthcare workers that are at risk throughout the hospital medication system.
Evaluating the Self-confidence Levels of Teams and Individual Athletes at the Age of 14-16 According to Several Variables

Abstract This study has been conducted in order to evaluate the self-confidence levels of children at the age of 14-16, who do exercises in different branches or not, in accordance with several variables. The sample group of the study comprises the children who are doing exercises actively in the branches of swimming, football, basketball and tennis, while the control group consists of the children in the same age group. In order to determine the selfconfidence levels of the children, Self-Concept Scale has been used in the study. As a result of this study, it can be said that sports increases the self-confidence in the children at the age group of 14-16, the people who do exercise have higher levels of self-confidence than the people who do not do exercises, the athletes included in team sports have higher self-confidence than the individual athletes, and the highest self-confidence levels belong to basketball players, who are followed by athletes in football and swimming branches.
Sebum Production Alteration after Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for the Treatment of Forehead Rhytides: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Dose-Comparative Clinical Investigation.

BACKGROUND Research has investigated the decrease in human skin sebum after the application of botulinum toxin. Few studies of the mechanism and objective assessments of this phenomenon have been conducted and the correlation between the sebum production and injection dosages or techniques remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We prospectively investigated the sebum regulation and its gradient around the injection site in patients who received intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for forehead rhytides, comparing two injection doses. METHODS Forty-two female volunteers with rhytides on the forehead region were randomly assigned to receive 10 or 20 units of BTX-A, which was administered in five standard injection sites. The baseline and post-treatment sebum production was measured using a Sebumeter. RESULTS Treatment with BTX-A exhibited significant sebum alteration at the injection site of both groups, with a sebum gradient surrounding the injection point. The efficacy did not improve at higher injection doses, with the four-unit regimen generally not being more potent than the two-unit regimen. The sebum production recovered to normal levels at the 16 week follow-up for both treatment groups, indicating that a higher dosage (four units) did not result in a longer duration until relapse compared with the two-unit dose. CONCLUSIONS We determined that the sebum production has a positive correlation with the distance away from the injection point. Intramuscular injection of BTX-A significantly reduces sebum production at the injection site but increases the sebum production of the surrounding skin at a radius of 2.5 cm at the 2, 4, and 8 week follow-ups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Therapeutic.
Orthographic Learning and the Role of Text-to-Speech Software in Dutch Disabled Readers

In this study, we examined whether orthographic learning can be demonstrated in disabled readers learning to read in a transparent orthography (Dutch). In addition, we tested the effect of the use of text-to-speech software, a new form of direct instruction, on orthographic learning. Both research goals were investigated by replicating Share’s self-teaching paradigm. A total of 65 disabled Dutch readers were asked to read eight stories containing embedded homophonic pseudoword targets (e.g., Blot/Blod), with or without the support of text-to-speech software. The amount of orthographic learning was assessed 3 or 7 days later by three measures of orthographic learning. First, the results supported the presence of orthographic learning during independent silent reading by demonstrating that target spellings were correctly identified more often, named more quickly, and spelled more accurately than their homophone foils. Our results support the hypothesis that all readers, even poor readers of transparent orthographies, are capable of developing word-specific knowledge. Second, a negative effect of text-to-speech software on orthographic learning was demonstrated in this study. This negative effect was interpreted as the consequence of passively listening to the auditory presentation of the text. We clarify how these results can be interpreted within current theoretical accounts of orthographic learning and briefly discuss implications for remedial interventions.
Suppressive effects of methylthiouracil on polyphosphate‐mediated vascular inflammatory responses

Drug repositioning is used to discover drug candidates to treat human diseases, through the application of drugs or compounds that are approved for the treatment of other diseases. This method can significantly reduce the time required and cost of discovering new drug candidates for human diseases. Previous studies have reported pro‐inflammatory responses of endothelial cells to the release of polyphosphate (PolyP). In this study, we examined the anti‐inflammatory responses and mechanisms of methylthiouracil (MTU), which is an antithyroid drug, and its effects on PolyP‐induced septic activities in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice. The survival rates, septic biomarker levels, behaviour of human neutrophils and vascular permeability were determined in PolyP‐activated HUVECs and mice. MTU suppressed the PolyP‐mediated vascular barrier permeability, up‐regulation of inflammatory biomarkers, adhesion/migration of leucocytes, and activation and/or production of nuclear factor‐κB, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6. Furthermore, MTU demonstrated protective effects on PolyP‐mediated lethal death and the levels of the related septic biomarkers. Therefore, these results indicated the therapeutic potential of MTU on various systemic inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis or septic shock.
COVRATIO Statistic for Simple Circular Regression Model

ABSTARCT Few studies have considered the modeling of a linear relationship between two circular variables or circular regression model. However, the problem of outlier detection in these models has not received enough consideration. This paper extends the COVRATIO statistic which is originally used to identify outliers in linear regression model. It is our aim to further exploit this approach of detecting outliers in circular regression model. The cutoff points for the statistic are obtained using simulation. It is found that the cutoff points are dependent to the sample size. We also show that the statistic has higher power of performance in detecting outliers for large sample size and large concentration parameter. A practical example is considered for illustration purposes. 1. INTRODUCTION The difference in topological space between the linear and circular variables require the development of special models to study the relationship between circular variables. Discussion on circular regression when either response or covariate variable is circular has been dated back to Gould [1]. Several circular regression models have been proposed by Down and Mardia [2], Hussin et al. The regression line for the case when the dependent variable is linear and the independent variable is circular may be represented by using a sine or cosine curve
Judging Online Peer-To-Peer Lending Behavior: An Integration of Dual System Framework and Two-Factor Theory

The past decade has witnessed a growing number of business models that facilitate economic exchanges between individuals with limited institutional mediation. One of the important innovative business models is online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, which has received widely attention from government, industry, investors, and researchers. Based on dual system framework and two-factor theory, this research proposes a research model to investigate the role of various signals from the P2P platform in affecting lender’s investment decisions. With data collected from PPDAI, a popular Chinese P2P lending site, we test the proposed model with logistic regression and hierarchical linear model. The results reveal that most of the factors perform significantly in lenders’ decision making. We also find the specific information of an auction itself is more important than borrower’s characteristics to a large degree. Finally, the research emphasizes that bid number performs well in moderating most of the relationships between variables.
Cellular Maturation Defects in Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase-Deficient Immature B Cells Are Amplified by Premature B Cell Receptor Expression and Reduced by Receptor Editing1

In the mouse, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is essential for efficient developmental progression of CD43+CD2− large cycling into CD43−CD2+ small resting pre-B cells in the bone marrow and of IgMhigh transitional type 2 B cells into IgMlow mature B cells in the spleen. In this study, we show that the impaired induction of cell surface changes in Btk-deficient pre-B cells was still noticeable in κ+ immature B cells, but was largely corrected in λ+ immature B cells. As λ gene rearrangements are programmed to follow κ rearrangements and λ expression is associated with receptor editing, we hypothesized that the transit time through the pre-B cell compartment or receptor editing may affect the extent of the cellular maturation defects in Btk-deficient B cells. To address this issue, we used 3-83μδ transgenic mice, which prematurely express a complete B cell receptor and therefore manifest accelerated B cell development. In Btk-deficient 3-83μδ mice, the IgM+ B cells in the bone marrow exhibited a very immature phenotype (pre-BCR+CD43+CD2−) and were arrested at the transitional type 1 B cell stage upon arrival in the spleen. However, these cellular maturation defects were largely restored when Btk-deficient 3-83μδ B cells were on a centrally deleting background and therefore targeted for receptor editing. Providing an extended time window for developing B cells by enforced expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 did not alter the Btk dependence of their cellular maturation. We conclude that premature B cell receptor expression amplifies the cellular maturation defects in Btk-deficient B cells, while extensive receptor editing reduces these defects.
Hash Join Algorithms on SMPs Clusters: Effects of Netcaches on Its Scalability and Performance

We investigate the effect that caches, particularly caches for remote accesses, have on the performance of hash join algorithms. The join is a computationally intensive operation of relational databases and is used in many important applications. Thus, there are a considerable number of studies on the parallel hash join. However, most of the previous research does not show how cache affects the performance of these algorithms. In this paper, we show the impact and benefits of remote caches (Netcaches) on the overall performance of parallel hash join algorithms running on SMP clusters. Furthermore, we show the effects of these caches on speedup and scalability of these algorithms. Our simulation results leads us to conclude that the execution time of hash join algorithms on modern’s multiprocessors, with large local and remote caches, could be reduced up to 70%. Finally, we show results for verifying the big effects of netcaches on scalability of these algorithms.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ KİTAP OKUMA ALIŞKANLIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Bu arastirmanin amaci ogretmen adaylarinin kitap okuma aliskanligina yonelik tutumlarini belirlemek ve bu tutumlarin cinsiyet, anabilim dali, anne-baba egitim durumu, aile geliri, yasanilan yere gore degisip degismedigini tespit etmektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu; 2014-2015 egitim-ogretim yili bahar doneminde Bulent Ecevit Universitesi Eregli Egitim Fakultesi Sinif Ogretmenligi, Turkce Ogretmenligi, Okul Oncesi Ogretmenligi, Sosyal Bilgiler Ogretmenligi, Fen Bilgisi Ogretmenligi, Zihin Engelliler Ogretmenligi ve Ilkogretim Matematik Ogretmenligi ucuncu sinifinda ogrenim goren toplam 412 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Betimsel nitelikte olan bu arastirma; ogretmen adaylarinin okuma aliskanliklarinin cesitli degiskenlere gore incelenmesi amaclandigindan tarama modeli kullanilarak gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmada Susar Kirmizi (2012 ) tarafindan olusturulmus, uc alt boyuttan ve 34 maddeden olusan 5’li likert tipindeki “Ogretmen Adaylarinin Kitap Okuma Aliskanligina Yonelik Tutum Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Olcekte yer alan maddelerin faktor yuk degerleri, . 80 ile . 54 arasinda degismektedir. Olcegin Cronbach’s Alpha guvenirlik katsayisi . 95 olarak belirlenmistir. Arastirma sonucunda ogretmen adaylarinin kitap okumaya yonelik tutumlarinin cinsiyet ve ogrenim gordukleri anabilim dalina gore istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklilik gosterdigi belirlenmistir. Bununla beraber ogretmen adaylarinin kitap okumaya yonelik tutumlarinin aile geliri, yasanilan yerlesim yeri, annenin ve babanim egitim durumu degiskenlerine gore ise istatiksel olarak anlamli olarak farklilasmadigi bulunmustur
Numerical studies of the spatial and temporal distributions of seismic events under different confining conditions

The studies of the influences of confining pressure (Pc) on the damage and failure of rocks are valuable for mining activities and hydrocarbon explorations. Often, these activities need geophysical suirveilance and can be monitored by studing the associated seismic energy release (i.e. induced seismicity). For example, in hydraulic fracturing operations, microseismic (MS) activities are widely used to monitor and optimize stimulations. Similarly, at the laboratory scale compression tests and the associated acoustic emissions (AE) are utilized to characterize rock failure.
Signal Recovery on Graphs: Fundamental Limits of Sampling Strategies

This paper builds theoretical foundations for the recovery of a newly proposed class of smooth graph signals, approximately bandlimited graph signals, under three sampling strategies: uniform sampling, experimentally designed sampling, and active sampling. We then state minimax lower bounds on the maximum risk for the approximately bandlimited class under these three sampling strategies and show that active sampling cannot fundamentally outperform experimentally designed sampling. We propose a recovery strategy to compare uniform sampling with experimentally designed sampling. As the proposed recovery strategy lends itself well to statistical analysis, we derive the exact mean square error for each sampling strategy. To study convergence rates, we introduce two types of graphs and find that 1) the proposed recovery strategy achieves the optimal rates; and 2) the experimentally designed sampling fundamentally outperforms uniform sampling for Type-2 class of graphs. To validate our proposed recovery strategy, we test it on five specific graphs: a ring graph with k nearest neighbors, an Erdos-Rényi graph, a random geometric graph, a small-world graph, and a power-law graph and find that experimental results match the proposed theory well. This paper also presents a comprehensive explanation for when and why sampling for semi-supervised learning with graphs works.
Nucleosome compaction facilitates HP1γ binding to methylated H3K9

The α, β and γ isoforms of mammalian heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) selectively bind to methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 via their chromodomains. Although the phenotypes of HP1-knockout mice are distinct for each isoform, the molecular mechanisms underlying HP1 isoform-specific function remain elusive. In the present study, we found that in contrast to HP1α, HP1γ could not bind tri-methylated H3 lysine 9 in a reconstituted tetra-nucleosomes when the nucleosomes were in an uncompacted state. The hinge region connecting HP1's chromodomain and chromoshadow domain contributed to the distinct recognition of the nucleosomes by HP1α and HP1γ. HP1γ, but not HP1α, was strongly enhanced in selective binding to tri-methylated lysine 9 in histone H3 by the addition of Mg2+ or linker histone H1, which are known to induce compaction of nucleosomes. We propose that this novel property of HP1γ recognition of lysine 9 in the histone H3 tail in different nucleosome structures plays a role in reading the histone code.