Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employee's turnover intentions and job destination choices

Employee's job destination choices, as part of the turnover process, reflect options for internal organizational or external labor market moves. A sample of 477 employees in 15 firms was used to decipher how bio-demographic, job, plant, and labor market characteristics are related to five alternative job destinations. Multivariate logistic regression and odds–ratio analyses compared the five models confirming that different sets of variables influence each of the destination choices. Coworkers' intentions have a major significant impact on all destination options. The findings have implications for present turnover models, career paths, and promotion progression in the firm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND In patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by a proximal intracranial arterial occlusion, intraarterial treatment is highly effective for emergency revascularization. However, proof of a beneficial effect on functional outcome is lacking. METHODS We randomly assigned eligible patients to either intraarterial treatment plus usual care or usual care alone. Eligible patients had a proximal arterial occlusion in the anterior cerebral circulation that was confirmed on vessel imaging and that could be treated intraarterially within 6 hours after symptom onset. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin scale score at 90 days; this categorical scale measures functional outcome, with scores ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death). The treatment effect was estimated with ordinal logistic regression as a common odds ratio, adjusted for prespecified prognostic factors. The adjusted common odds ratio measured the likelihood that intraarterial treatment would lead to lower modified Rankin scores, as compared with usual care alone (shift analysis). RESULTS We enrolled 500 patients at 16 medical centers in The Netherlands (233 assigned to intraarterial treatment and 267 to usual care alone). The mean age was 65 years (range, 23 to 96), and 445 patients (89.0%) were treated with intravenous alteplase before randomization. Retrievable stents were used in 190 of the 233 patients (81.5%) assigned to intraarterial treatment. The adjusted common odds ratio was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 2.30). There was an absolute difference of 13.5 percentage points (95% CI, 5.9 to 21.2) in the rate of functional independence (modified Rankin score, 0 to 2) in favor of the intervention (32.6% vs. 19.1%). There were no significant differences in mortality or the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by a proximal intracranial occlusion of the anterior circulation, intraarterial treatment administered within 6 hours after stroke onset was effective and safe. (Funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation and others; MR CLEAN Netherlands Trial Registry number, NTR1804, and Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN10888758.).
Experimental Study on Electron Mobility in InxGa1-xAs-on-Insulator Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors With In Content Modulation and MOS Interface Buffer Engineering

In this paper, we study the electron transport properties of thin-body InxGa1-xAs-on-insulator (InxGa1-xAs-OI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) using two types of mobility enhancement engineering: an increase in the Indium (In) content of InGaAs channels and MOS interface buffer engineering. We have demonstrated a high peak mobility of 3180 cm2/(V·s) in our InAs-on-insulator (InAs-OI) MOSFETs, which were fabricated on Si substrates with MOS interface buffer layers by direct wafer bonding. The scattering mechanisms for the electron mobility in InxGa1-xAs-OI MOSFETs are systematically analyzed and identified. We conclude that the increase of the In content enhances phonon-limited mobility, whereas the use of the MOS interface buffer enhances thickness-fluctuation-limited mobility through the suppression of thickness fluctuation at the MOS interface.
Perspectives on Authenticity in Teaching

The authors work with 22 educators from a variety of disciplines during a 3-year time span to understand what authentic teaching means and to explore how authenticity is manifested in practice. Using a grounded theory approach, the authors interview participants twice per year, observe their classes, and hold focus groups at the end of the project. Data interpretation reveals five dimensions of authenticity: self-awareness, awareness of others, relationships with learners, awareness of context, and a critically reflective approach to practice. Following grounded theory guidelines, the authors develop a model that incorporates the categories generated from the data and generate tentative hypotheses about practice.
BMP Signaling in the Human Fetal Ovary is Developmentally Regulated and Promotes Primordial Germ Cell Apoptosis

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the embryonic precursors of gametes in the adult organism, and their development, differentiation, and survival are regulated by a combination of growth factors collectively known as the germ cell niche. Although many candidate niche components have been identified through studies on mouse PGCs, the growth factor composition of the human PGC niche has not been studied extensively. Here we report a detailed analysis of the expression of components of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling apparatus in the human fetal ovary, from postmigratory PGC proliferation to the onset of primordial follicle formation. We find developmentally regulated and reciprocal patterns of expression of BMP2 and BMP4 and identify germ cells to be the exclusive targets of ovarian BMP signaling. By establishing long‐term cultures of human fetal ovaries in which PGCs are retained within their physiological niche, we find that BMP4 negatively regulates postmigratory PGC numbers in the human fetal ovary by promoting PGC apoptosis. Finally, we report expression of both muscle segment homeobox (MSX)1 and MSX2 in the human fetal ovary and reveal a selective upregulation of MSX2 expression in human fetal ovary in response to BMP4, suggesting this gene may act as a downstream effector of BMP‐induced apoptosis in the ovary, as in other systems. These data reveal for the first time growth factor regulation of human PGC development in a physiologically relevant context and have significant implications for the development of cultures systems for the in vitro maturation of germ cells, and their derivation from pluripotent stem cells. STEM CELLS 2010;28:1368–1378
Textbook (non-) adoption motives, legitimizing strategies and academic field configuration

Textbooks are an integral part of structured syllabus coverage in higher education. The argument advanced in this article is that textbooks are not simply products of inscription and embodied scholarly labour for pedagogical purposes, but embedded institutional artefacts that configure entire academic subject fields. Empirically, this article shows the various ways that motives of the (non-) adoption of textbooks have field institutional configuration effects. The research contribution of our study is threefold. First, we re-theorise the textbook as an artefact that is part of the institutional work and epistemic culture of academia. Second, we empirically show that the vocabularies of motive of textbook (non-) adoption and rhetorical strategies form the basis for social action and configuration across micro, meso and macro field levels. Our final contribution is a conceptualization of the ways that textbook (non-) adoption motives ascribe meaning to the legitimating processes in the configuration of whole subject fields.
Indoor Channel Measurements Using a 28GHz multi-Beam MIMO Prototype

Millimeter-wave (mmW) wireless is as a promising technology for meeting the Gigabit rate and low latency requirements of emerging fixed and mobile 5G applications. This is enabled by the large (GHz) bandwidths and high-gain beamforming due to high-dimensional antenna arrays possible at mmW frequencies. Initial propagation measurements underscore the highly directional nature of mmW communication, dominated by line-of-sight and single-bounce multipath, making beamforming a critical operational functionality. However, existing channel measurements are limited to mechanically pointed horn antennas and single-beam phased arrays of moderate sizes. On the other hand, multi-beam operation is necessary for spatial multiplexing. In this paper, we introduce a new measurement methodology and initial results based on beamspace MIMO channel modeling and communication. The measurement results are based on a novel beamspace MIMO prototype system that uses a lens array for analog beamforming and enables, for the first time, simultaneous multi- beam channel measurements with a beamwidth of about 4 degrees equivalent to that of a two- dimensional array with 636 critically spaced elements. Initial indoor channel measurements follow Friis formula for pathloss, and illustrate the new beamspace channel measurement and modeling methodology.
Pricing Credit Default Swaps with Option-Implied Volatility

Using the industry benchmark CreditGrades model to analyze credit default swap (CDS) spreads across a large number of companies during the 2007–09 credit crisis, the authors demonstrate that the performance of the model can be significantly improved by calibrating it with option-implied volatility rather than with historical volatility. Moreover, the advantage of using option-implied volatility is greater among companies with more volatile CDS spreads, more actively traded options, and lower credit ratings. Structural credit risk models are important tools in relative value trading strategies because they use equity market information to price such credit-risky securities as corporate bonds and credit default swaps (CDSs). One of the most important inputs for such models is equity volatility, which can be estimated from either historical returns or equity option prices. We examined the relative performance of historical versus option-implied volatility in CDS pricing through the lens of an industry benchmark model called CreditGrades, which was jointly developed by the RiskMetrics Group, J.P. Morgan, Goldman Sachs, and Deutsche Bank in 2002. Using CDS and options market data on 332 companies over January 2007–October 2009 (which encompasses the recent credit crisis), we found that option-implied volatility generally dominates historical volatility in both in-sample and out-of-sample pricing performance. This finding is robust to the horizon of the historical volatility estimator and the initial burn-in period for calibrating the CreditGrades model. It also remains qualitatively unchanged during the earlier and less chaotic sample period of 2001–2004. Perhaps more interestingly, we identified significant cross-sectional variations in such relative performance. For instance, option-implied volatility provides much more added value in terms of improved CDS pricing performance when the company in question has a lower credit rating, a more volatile CDS spread, and larger options-trading volume. Our interpretation is that these characteristics are associated with a higher signal-to-noise ratio of options market information. Our findings are important to market participants who need to monitor their credit risk exposures constantly. The improvement in pricing performance is likely to result in fewer false trading signals and superior profitability for capital structure arbitrageurs. On a more fundamental level, our findings suggest that having forward-looking inputs from the market could be as important as having the right model for pricing credit risk.
Contrasting long‐term records of biomass burning in wet and dry savannas of equatorial East Africa

Rainfall controls fire in tropical savanna ecosystems through impacting both the amount and flammability of plant biomass, and consequently, predicted changes in tropical precipitation over the next century are likely to have contrasting effects on the fire regimes of wet and dry savannas. We reconstructed the long‐term dynamics of biomass burning in equatorial East Africa, using fossil charcoal particles from two well‐dated lake‐sediment records in western Uganda and central Kenya. We compared these high‐resolution (5 years/sample) time series of biomass burning, spanning the last 3800 and 1200 years, with independent data on past hydroclimatic variability and vegetation dynamics. In western Uganda, a rapid (<100 years) and permanent increase in burning occurred around 2170 years ago, when climatic drying replaced semideciduous forest by wooded grassland. At the century time scale, biomass burning was inversely related to moisture balance for much of the next two millennia until ca. 1750 ad, when burning increased strongly despite regional climate becoming wetter. A sustained decrease in burning since the mid20th century reflects the intensified modern‐day landscape conversion into cropland and plantations. In contrast, in semiarid central Kenya, biomass burning peaked at intermediate moisture‐balance levels, whereas it was lower both during the wettest and driest multidecadal periods of the last 1200 years. Here, burning steadily increased since the mid20th century, presumably due to more frequent deliberate ignitions for bush clearing and cattle ranching. Both the observed historical trends and regional contrasts in biomass burning are consistent with spatial variability in fire regimes across the African savanna biome today. They demonstrate the strong dependence of East African fire regimes on both climatic moisture balance and vegetation, and the extent to which this dependence is now being overridden by anthropogenic activity.
Interspace/interdental brushes for oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

BACKGROUND Accumulation of plaque on tooth surfaces that have fixed orthodontic appliances is increased. Effective removal is essential to maintain oral health but it is unclear whether the use of interdental or interspace brushes is useful. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of standard toothbrushes with combined standard toothbrushes and interdental/interspace brushes used by patients during fixed orthodontic appliances therapy in relation to plaque removal, the health of dental and supporting tissues, dependability, cost and adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Schools of dental hygiene were contacted for additional data. No language restrictions were applied. Handsearching of the relevant journals was carried out. Most recent search: January 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including the following criteria: participants - patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and uncompromised manual dexterity; intervention - unsupervised toothbrushing with standard toothbrush alone versus standard toothbrush and interdental/interspace brush. Primary outcomes were differences in plaque control, gingival health and decalcification. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the trials and data extraction were to be conducted in duplicate and independently. Trials were to be grouped in terms of their interventions and outcome measures. Results were to be expressed as random-effects models using standardised mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was to be investigated. MAIN RESULTS No studies were identified to support or contest the null hypothesis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The present practice of recommending the use of interdental/interspace brushes in addition to standard toothbrushes is not supported by clinical investigations. Interdental brushes and normal toothbrushes wear is increased during orthodontic treatment and brushes need to be replaced more frequently. This increases the economic burden of oral hygiene products for the patient. Well designed RCTs are required to provide evidence for determining clinical practice in this area.
The Application of Social Cognitive Career Theory to Sport and Leisure Career Choices

Social cognitive career theory is used to investigate student intentions to enter the sport and leisure industry. Data are gathered from 197 undergraduate students from four universities located across the United States. Path analysis supports the general model, as self-efficacy and outcomes expectations hold positive associations with vocational interests, which in turn are positively related to choice goals. Self-efficacy is also positively associated with outcomes expectations. Additionally, through comparison of competing models, support is garnered for the effects of supports (i.e., human and social capital) and barriers (i.e., discrimination and lack of advancement opportunities) to be manifested on self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Efficacy of low-dose continuous infusion of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) during cardiac surgery: possibility of postoperative left ventricular remodeling effect.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective randomized study was conducted with 150 patients who underwent scheduled coronary artery bypass grafting to compare a group of patients receiving 0.02 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) of hANP from the initiation of CPB with a group not receiving hANP. Hemodynamics, levels of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), angiotensin-II and aldosterone, renin activity, and left ventricular (LV) function were examined. The hANP group showed significantly lower renin activity and lower levels of angiotensin-II and aldosterone during the early postoperative period, compared with the non-hANP group. The incidence of postoperative ventricular arrhythmia and the postoperative peak level of creatine kinase-MB were significantly lower in the hANP group. BNP at 1 month after surgery and measures of LV function were also significantly lower in the hANP group. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose continuous infusion of hANP during cardiac surgery not only had a compensatory effect for the imperfections of CPB during the early postoperative period but also an inhibitory effect on postoperative LV remodeling and a reduction in ischemia/reperfusion injury. hANP should be part of the postoperative care for cardiac surgery.
Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF)

Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF) is a proactive, link-state routing protocol designed for mobile ad-hoc networks, which provides hop-by-hop routing along shortest paths to each destination. Each node running TBRPF computes a source tree (providing paths to all reachable nodes) based on partial topology information stored in its topology table, using a modification of Dijkstra's algorithm. To minimize overhead, each node reports only *part* of its source tree to neighbors. TBRPF uses a combination of periodic and differential updates to keep all neighbors informed of the reported part of its source tree. Each node also has the option to report additional topology information (up to the full topology), to provide improved robustness in highly mobile networks. TBRPF performs neighbor discovery using "differential" HELLO messages which report only *changes* in the status of neighbors. This results in HELLO messages that are much smaller than those of other link-state routing protocols such as OSPF.
Prognostic Role of Pre-Treatment Serum AFP-L3% in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Serum lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3%) has been widely used for HCC diagnosis and follow-up surveillance as tumor serologic marker. However, the prognostic value of high pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. We therefore conduct a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between high pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% and clinical outcome of HCC. Methods Eligible studies were identified through systematic literature searches. A meta-analysis of fifteen studies (4,465 patients) was carried out to evaluate the association between high pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted in this meta-analysis. Results Our analysis results showed that high pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% implied poor OS (HR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.45–1.89 p<0.00001) and DFS (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.49–2.17 p<0.00001) of HCC. Subgroup analysis revealed that there was association between pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% and endpoint (OS and DFS) in low AFP concentration HCC patients (HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.24–3.10, p = 0.004; HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.09–5.89, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion The current evidence suggests that high pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% levels indicated a poor prognosis for patients with HCC and AFP-L3% may have significant prognostic value in HCC patients with low AFP concentration.
The impact of experiential consumption cognitions and emotions on behavioral intentions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine cognitive and affective antecedents and consequences of satisfaction in the context of hedonic services.Design/methodology/approach – Two studies were conducted using hedonic services. The study sample was composed of 400 visitors to two types of leisure and tourism services (interactive museum, and theme park). Findings – The results indicate that the impact of satisfaction is not limited to loyalty; rather its effects extend to other behavioral responses such as consumers' willingness to pay more for the service. Moreover, exceeding pre‐purchase expectations amplifies consumers' on‐the‐spot behaviors such as souvenir purchases. The study findings also highlight the salience of emotions in understanding consumer responses to hedonic services. Specifically, pleasure is positively linked to both satisfaction and loyalty behaviors.Research limitations/implications – Future research should incorporate other measures tapping into consumers' on‐the‐spot behavior.
An Evaluation of the Social Desirability of Prosocial Self—Other Allocation Choices

Abstract New Zealand university students participated in two studies that assessed the effect of social desirability on prosocial choice options in two-person decomposed games used to measure social values. Study 1 indicated that the prosocial option was very socially desirable. Study 2 indicated that the individuals who chose the prosocial option did not differ in their expression of general social desirability motives from the individuals who chose other nonprosocial options. These data suggest that, although the structure of the task offered the participants a salient, socially desirable way to respond, a choice of the prosocial option was probably more a reflection of the participants' true social value orientations than of the effect of social desirability.
Program distribution estimation with grammar models

This research extends conventional Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDA) to Genetic Programming (GP) domain. We propose a framework to estimate the distribution of solutions in tree form. The core of this framework is a grammar model. In this research, we show, both theoretically and experimentally, that a grammar model has many of the properties we need for estimation of distribution for tree form solutions. We report one of our implementations of this framework. Experimental study confirms the relevance of this framework to problem solving.