Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLF-based nonlinear control design for turbocharged Diesel engine

In this paper, we propose a Control Lyapunov Function based nonlinear robust controller for turbocharged Diesel engine. The basic idea is to develop inverse optimal control and utilize more general Lyapunov function which provides additional degree of freedom in order to achieve better performance. The obtained controller gain guarantees the global convergence of the Diesel engine system and regulates the flows for the Variable Geometry Turbocharger and Exhaust Gas Recirculation systems in order to optimize oxygen-fuel ratio and intake manifold EGR fraction. Simulation of the control performance based on professional simulator AMESim (LMS) shows the effectiveness of this approach.
Intervening Metal Systems in GRB and QSO Sight Lines: The Mg II and C IV Question

Prochter and coworkers recently found that the number density of strong intervening 0.5 < z < 2 Mg II absorbers detected in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow spectra is nearly 4 times larger than those in QSO spectra. We have conducted a similar study using C IV absorbers. Our C IV sample, consisting of a total of 19 systems, is drawn from three high-resolution and high to moderate signal-to-noise ratio VLT UVES spectra of three long-duration GRB afterglows, covering the redshift interval 1.6 < z < 3.1. The column density distribution and number density of this sample do not show any statistical difference from the same quantities measured in QSO spectra. We discuss several possibilities for the discrepancy between C IV and Mg II absorbers and conclude that a higher dust extinction in the Mg II QSO samples studied up to now would give the most straightforward solution. However, this effect is only important for the strong Mg II absorbers. Regardless of the reasons for this discrepancy, this result confirms once more that GRBs can be used to detect a side of the universe that was unknown before, not necessarily connected with GRBs themselves, providing an alternative and fundamental investigative tool of the cosmic evolution of the universe.
Road Safety Education in the Context of the Sustainable Development of Society: The Romanian Case

The increased number of road accidents, leading to deaths and serious injuries is a social problem facing most of the world countries, which can affect the sustainable development of a society. This has economic implications, because it impacts the increase of expenditure on hospitalization and the recovery costs of those injured. The current article is based on a quantitative research, coordinated by the authors, conducted among traffic participants from Romania. The major objective of the study was to quantify the main aspects of seatbelt wearing behavior. The research was carried out at national level and used a systematic probabilistic sampling. The sample contains 4346 subjects, of which 3120 were from the automobile section, representing the topic of this article, and being representative of the Romanian adult population. The main research results showed that the percentage of women always wearing seatbelts (76.4%) is higher than the percentage of men (69.9%). Additionally, the highest percentage of people always wearing seatbelts is found at the age group over 55 years (85.2%). The percentage decreases with age—the age group 18–25 are the least likely to wear seatbelts.
Evaluation and Treatment of Metastases to the Humerus

The humerus is the second most common long bone site of metastatic disease, and the proximal third and diaphysis are frequent sites. Purely lytic disease and cortical bone destruction increase the risk of fracture more than 50%. For most patients, external beam irradiation is effective as a means of pain control and halting bone destruction. Fractures of the head or surgical neck can be treated with standard endoprostheses, whereas extensive proximal bone destruction is treated with custom proximal humeral replacements. Impending and complete diaphyseal fractures can be treated effectively with either intramedullary nail fixation or plate fixation. Rigid fixation, which can be achieved with dual plate fixation, is optimal because patients can begin immediate unrestricted activities using the upper extremity. Methylmethacrylate is an effective adjuvant for filling defects and for augmenting the fixation of intramedullary nails and screws. Postoperative external beam irradiation is necessary to prevent progressive bone destruction and subsequent loss of fixation.
Early Retirement behaviour for men and women in Denmark 1

The focus of the paper is to analyse why a large fraction of elderly people choose to retire early instead of staying in the labour force until reaching the official pension age and to focus on how gender and marital status influences the retirement decision. Denmark has a long tradition of high female labour force participation and we already observe an increase in female exit to early retirement. Furthermore, it turns out that a high fraction of elderly are living as single, especially elderly women. This emphasizes the importance of not only investigating gender differences but also analysing the impact of marital status, both in terms of prediction of future accessions to retirement schemes, but also in terms of obtaining more knowledge about retirement behaviour of women. With access to individual data, a structural model which is directly based on the individual decision of labour supply is formulated. The main result from the estimations show that the largest differences are between single and cohabiting individuals and a gender difference in the retirement behaviour is only found among singles. An additional outcome of this analysis is an evaluation of implications on the retirement rate due to changes in the early retirement benefit system with respect to a reduction in benefits or delay in age of eligibility.
THE BEST OF TWO WORLDS: BETWEEN-METHOD TRIANGULATION IN FEMINIST ECONOMICS RESEARCH

Assumptions applied in Orthodox Economic methods are criticised for being an inadequate depiction of reality. This is particularly the case from the perspective of Feminist Economics. Gender biases are reflected in the quantitative data sources and methods commonly applied for economic research. These include male biases in statistical data, a focus on outcomes rather than processes as well as the neglect of reproductive work and its interaction with market work. To overcome these problems, this paper introduces between-method triangulation, i.e. the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data generation and analysis, as an innovative and more realistic methodology to conduct gendered economic analysis. It draws on the authorsâ€™ recent empirical work on the Indonesian and Mauritian labour markets where between-method triangulation was employed. The approach is shown to be able to enhance empirical economic analysis by mutually validating results. Furthermore, the approach is shown to remove gender biases in economic analysis by analysing conflicting evidence and by complementing quantitative with qualitative findings in light of feminist economics theory.
Fairbairn and Macmurray

sychoanalytic studies, as an academic discipline, is a relatively new subject and one that is still not clearly defined in terms of its overall intentions or aims. There have been psychoanalytic studies courses established in the UK for about fifteen years, all exclusively at Master’s level or above. One tension within psychoanalytic studies seems to me to reside in offering training for a career as a therapist (or as an adjunct to a therapeutic practice) and being a ‘proper’ academic discipline. I do not think this tension has been resolved. While some of the psychoanalytic studies courses were developed originally as a support system for therapeutic training, they are now having to face up to becoming an established academic discipline alongside other much longer established areas like literature, philosophy, history or sociology (all of these subjects currently having some involvement with psychoanalytic thinking, usually of a Lacanian complexion). Many of the British psychoanalytic studies courses are based around the dominant theories of practicing analysts, which, since the ‘controversial discussions’,1 have been made up of three separate strands
Physical Causality of Action Verbs in Grounded Language Understanding

Linguistics studies have shown that action verbs often denote some Change of State (CoS) as the result of an action. However, the causality of action verbs and its potential connection with the physical world has not been systematically explored. To address this limitation, this paper presents a study on physical causality of action verbs and their implied changes in the physical world. We ﬁrst conducted a crowd-sourcing experiment and identiﬁed eighteen categories of physical causality for action verbs. For a subset of these categories, we then deﬁned a set of detectors that detect the corresponding change from visual perception of the physical environment. We further incorporated physical causality modeling and state detection in grounded language understanding. Our empirical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of causality modeling in grounding language to perception.
Including ambivalence as a basis for benefit segmentation: A study of convenience food in Norway

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of ambivalence in benefit‐based segmentation of convenience food in Norway.Design/methodology/approach – Building on the attitude‐ambivalence literature and research about food convenience, a hierarchic cluster analysis is performed based on a nation‐wide representative survey of 1,154 Norwegian consumers.Findings – The study's effort to use attitudinal ambivalence as a basis for benefit or attitude segmentation proved to be useful in finding segments with different profiles in the area of convenience food. The results reveal three consumer segments based on evaluation of quality, value, ambivalence and perceived morals towards convenience food: the “Convenient”, the “Ambivalent”, and the “Dissatisfied” consumer. While the Convenient have positive feelings and the Dissatisfied negative feelings toward convenience food, the Ambivalent have mixed feelings and feel guilt when eating ready meals. The ambivalent consumers share beliefs, attitudes, value.
Humans display a reduced set of consistent behavioral phenotypes in dyadic games

Lab-in-the-field experiment reveals that humans display a reduced set of consistent behavioral phenotypes in dyadic games. Socially relevant situations that involve strategic interactions are widespread among animals and humans alike. To study these situations, theoretical and experimental research has adopted a game theoretical perspective, generating valuable insights about human behavior. However, most of the results reported so far have been obtained from a population perspective and considered one specific conflicting situation at a time. This makes it difficult to extract conclusions about the consistency of individuals’ behavior when facing different situations and to define a comprehensive classification of the strategies underlying the observed behaviors. We present the results of a lab-in-the-field experiment in which subjects face four different dyadic games, with the aim of establishing general behavioral rules dictating individuals’ actions. By analyzing our data with an unsupervised clustering algorithm, we find that all the subjects conform, with a large degree of consistency, to a limited number of behavioral phenotypes (envious, optimist, pessimist, and trustful), with only a small fraction of undefined subjects. We also discuss the possible connections to existing interpretations based on a priori theoretical approaches. Our findings provide a relevant contribution to the experimental and theoretical efforts toward the identification of basic behavioral phenotypes in a wider set of contexts without aprioristic assumptions regarding the rules or strategies behind actions. From this perspective, our work contributes to a fact-based approach to the study of human behavior in strategic situations, which could be applied to simulating societies, policy-making scenario building, and even a variety of business applications.
The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii

Copepod nauplii move in a world dominated by viscosity. Their swimming-by-jumping propulsion mode, with alternating power and recovery strokes of three pairs of cephalic appendages, is fundamentally different from the way other microplankters move. Protozoans move using cilia or flagella, and copepodites are equipped with highly specialized swimming legs. In some species the nauplius may also propel itself more slowly through the water by beating and rotating the appendages in a different, more complex pattern. We use high-speed video to describe jumping and swimming in nauplii of three species of pelagic copepods: Temora longicornis, Oithona davisae and Acartia tonsa. The kinematics of jumping is similar between the three species. Jumps result in a very erratic translation with no phase of passive coasting and the nauplii move backwards during recovery strokes. This is due to poorly synchronized recovery strokes and a low beat frequency relative to the coasting time scale. For the same reason, the propulsion efficiency of the nauplii is low. Given the universality of the nauplius body plan, it is surprising that they seem to be inefficient when jumping, which is different from the very efficient larger copepodites. A slow-swimming mode is only displayed by T. longicornis. In this mode, beating of the appendages results in the creation of a strong feeding current that is about 10 times faster than the average translation speed of the nauplius. The nauplius is thus essentially hovering when feeding, which results in a higher feeding efficiency than that of a nauplius cruising through the water.
An Architecture for Query Optimization in Sensor Networks

We present a novel sensor network query processing architecture that (a) covers all the query optimization phases that are required to map a declarative query to executable code; and (b) does so for a more expressive query language than has heretofore been supported over sensor networks. The architecture is founded on the view that a sensor network truly is a distributed computing infrastructure, albeit a very constrained one. As such, we address the problem of how to develop a comprehensive optimizer for an expressive declarative continuous query language over acquisitional streams as one of finding extensions to a classical distributed query processing architecture that contend with the peculiarities of sensor networks as an environment for distributed computing.
Suicide in Children and Adolescents: The epidemiology of youth suicide

This chapter reviews three major sources of data that are used to derive the epidemiology of completed suicide in children and adolescents – official mortality statistics, the psychological autopsy literature, and general population epidemiologic surveys of nonlethal suicidal behavior. A presentation of the rates and patterns of completed and attempted suicide will be followed by a discussion of the risk factors for youth suicide. This information on the epidemiology of youth completed and attempted suicide can be applied to planning of services, the drawing of causal inferences or the identification of developmental phenomena.
Periferní oblasti jižních Čech a jejich sociálně populační stabilita

In this article the authors identify peripheral municipalities and pe- ripheral areas in the South Bohemian region (county) and monitor their so- cial-population instability. Poor accessibility to micro-regional cores by pub- lic transport was used as the criterion to defi ne municipalities as peripheral. Peripheral areas. Seven state-border, six county-border and nine intra-county peripheral areas were delimited in the South Bohemian region. Consequent- ly, the authors monitored the differences between peripheral areas and their types and between peripheral municipalities, semi-peripheral municipalities, suburban municipalities and micro-regional cores (towns) on the basis of dis- similar values of defi ned indicators of social-population instability. Such dif- ferences are also explained in terms of the concept of spatially conditioned social exclusion. The authors defi ned and used some basic socio-economic indicators in their research: index of population development between 1971 and 2009 and between 1990 and 2009; proportion of the population in the age groups 0-14 and 65+ in 2009; rate of registered unemployment in 2009; proportion of the population with the secondary school-leaving examination in 2001; number of fl ats built per 1000 inhabitants between 2000 and 2008. Social-population instability was found mainly in county-border peripheral areas and also in a number of state-border peripheral areas. The authors also examined regional social policies for peripheral municipalities and peripheral areas. In the article's theoretical discussion, and to explain regional social poli- cies for peripheral municipalities and areas, the authors draw on the concept of social exclusion and distinguish spatially unconditioned social exclusion and spatially conditioned social exclusion, which includes social exclusion that results from living in peripheral municipalities and areas.
Nm23‐H1 expression of metastatic tumors in the lymph nodes is a prognostic indicator of oral squamous cell carcinoma

We recently reported that low Nm23‐H1 expression of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was correlated with the occurrence of lymphatic metastasis. However, little is known about whether Nm23‐H1 level of metastatic tumors in the cervical lymph nodes is reduced in comparison with primary oral cancers and its significance for patients' prognosis. By immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the Nm23‐H1 expression in 52 pairs of OSCC specimens from primary oral cancers and their metastatic lymph nodes. Western blot analysis further confirmed the immunohistochemical interpretation. To verify the effects of Nm23‐H1 on cell migration and invasion, we established several stable clones derived from a human OSCC cell line (SAS) by knockdown and overexpression. Wound‐healing closure, transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to determine cell motility, migratory and invasive activities. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate cyclin A expression of OSCC cells with the altered Nm23‐H1 levels following knockdown and overexpression. By immunohistochemistry, Nm23‐H1 expression of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than that of their primary oral cancers, supporting a role of Nm23‐H1 in metastasis suppression. Negative Nm23‐H1 interpretation of OSCC specimens, in either primary oral cancers or metastatic lymph nodes, indicated a poor survival outcome of patients. On the basis of in vitro studies of Nm23‐H1 knockdown and overexpression, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between Nm23‐H1 expression and the invasiveness of OSCC cells. Moreover, we observed the concomitant reduction in Nm23‐H1 and cyclin A levels of metastatic tumors in both results of in vitro OSCC cells and ex vivo tumor specimens. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of International Research Joint Ventures on SMEs Performance

The objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of technological cooperation on SMEs performance consideringtwo dimensions: technological and economic results. For that purpose, we use a data set containing information about participants in research joint ventures supported by the SME-specific measures of the sixth Framework Programme. Empirical evidence corroborates a direct and positive impact on technological assets of participants. On the part of the economic indicators, EBITDA per employee and sales are positively influenced by the improvement of technological background. The same results are found for productivity. All those effects are effective in the medium term, confirming that SMEs use to be involved in market-oriented R&D projects.
Simple Bayesian Algorithms for Best Arm Identification

This paper considers the optimal adaptive allocation of measurement effort for identifying the best among a finite set of options or designs. An experimenter sequentially chooses designs to measure and observes noisy signals of their quality with the goal of confidently identifying the best design after a small number of measurements. Just as the multiarmed bandit problem crystallizes the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation, this “pure exploration” variant crystallizes the challenge of rapidly gathering information before committing to a final decision. The paper proposes several simple Bayesian algorithms for allocating measurement effort and, by characterizing fundamental asymptotic limits on the performance of any algorithm, formalizes a sense in which these seemingly naive algorithms are the best possible.
PIK3CA, BRAF, and PTEN Status and Benefit from Cetuximab in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer—Results from NCIC CTG/AGITG CO.17

Purpose: Cetuximab improves survival in patients with K-ras wild-type advanced colorectal cancer. We examined the predictive and prognostic significance of additional biomarkers in this setting, in particular BRAF, PIK3CA, and PTEN. Experimental Design: Available colorectal tumor samples were analyzed from the CO.17 study. BRAF mutations were identified in tumor-derived DNA by direct sequencing and PIK3CA mutations were identified using a high-resolution melting screen with confirmation by sequencing. PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each biomarker, prognostic and predictive effects were examined using a Cox model with tests for treatment–biomarker interaction. Results: A total of 572 patients with pretreated colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to receive cetuximab or best supportive care (BSC). Of 401 patients assessed for BRAF status, 13 (3.2%) had mutations. Of 407 patients assessed for PIK3CA status, 61 (15%) had mutations. Of 205 patients assessed for PTEN, 148 (72%) were negative for IHC expression. None of BRAF, PIK3CA, or PTEN was prognostic for overall or progression-free survival in the BSC arm. None was predictive of benefit from cetuximab, either in the whole study population or the K-ras wild-type subset. In the K-ras wild-type subgroup, the overall survival adjusted HR according to BRAF mutation status was 1.39 (interaction P = 0.69), PIK3CA mutation status HR = 0.79 (interaction P = 0.63), and PTEN expression HR = 0.75 (interaction P = 0.61). Conclusions: In chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancer, neither PIK3CA mutation status nor PTEN expression were prognostic, nor were they predictive of benefit from cetuximab. Evaluation of predictive significance of BRAF mutations requires a larger sample size. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 744–53. ©2013 AACR.
Perampanel Inhibition of AMPA Receptor Currents in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Perampanel is an aryl substituted 2-pyridone AMPA receptor antagonist that was recently approved as a treatment for epilepsy. The drug potently inhibits AMPA receptor responses but the mode of block has not been characterized. Here the action of perampanel on AMPA receptors was investigated by whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Perampanel caused a slow (τ∼1 s at 3 µM), concentration-dependent inhibition of AMPA receptor currents evoked by AMPA and kainate. The rates of block and unblock of AMPA receptor currents were 1.5×105 M−1 s−1 and 0.58 s−1, respectively. Perampanel did not affect NMDA receptor currents. The extent of block of non-desensitizing kainate-evoked currents (IC50, 0.56 µM) was similar at all kainate concentrations (3–100 µM), demonstrating a noncompetitive blocking action. Parampanel did not alter the trajectory of AMPA evoked currents indicating that it does not influence AMPA receptor desensitization. Perampanel is a selective negative allosteric AMPA receptor antagonist of high-affinity and slow blocking kinetics.