Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Author ' s personal copy Research paper Six-week time series of eddy covariance CO 2 flux at Mammoth Mountain , California : Performance evaluation and role of meteorological forcing

CO2 and heat fluxes were measured over a six-week period (09/08/2006 to 10/24/2006) by the eddy covariance (EC) technique at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill (HLTK), Mammoth Mountain, CA, a site with complex terrain and high, spatially heterogeneous CO2 emission rates. EC CO2 fluxes ranged from 218 to 3500 g m −2 d (mean=1346 g m d). Using footprint modeling, EC CO2 fluxes were compared to CO2 fluxes measured by the chamber method on a grid repeatedly over a 10-day period. Half-hour EC CO2 fluxes were moderately correlated (R =0.42) with chamber fluxes, whereas average daily EC CO2 fluxes were well correlated (R =0.70) with chamber measurements. Average daily EC CO2 fluxes were correlated with both average daily wind speed and atmospheric pressure; relationships were similar to those observed between chamber CO2 fluxes and the atmospheric parameters over a comparable time period. Energy balance closure was assessed by statistical regression of EC energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, less soil heat flux). While incomplete (R=0.77 for 1:1 line), the degree of energy balance closure fell within the range observed in many investigations conducted in contrasting ecosystems and climates. Results indicate that despite complexities presented by the HLTK, EC can be reliably used to monitor background variations in volcanic CO2 fluxes associated with meteorological forcing, and presumably changes related to deeply derived processes such as volcanic activity. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Put your money where your mouth is! Explaining collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy.

Insights from appraisal theories of emotion are used to integrate elements of theories on collective action. Three experiments with disadvantaged groups systematically manipulated procedural fairness (Study 1), emotional social support (Study 2), and instrumental social support (Study 3) to examine their effects on collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy. Results of structural equation modeling showed that procedural fairness and emotional social support affected the group-based anger pathway (reflecting emotion-focused coping), whereas instrumental social support affected the group efficacy pathway (reflecting problem-focused coping), constituting 2 distinct pathways to collective action tendencies. Analyses of the means suggest that collective action tendencies become stronger the more fellow group members "put their money where their mouth is. " The authors discuss how their dual pathway model integrates and extends elements of current approaches to collective action.
Role of Auxin in Maize Endosperm Development (Timing of Nuclear DNA Endoreduplication, Zein Expression, and Cytokinin)

The timing of developmental events and regulatory roles of auxin were examined in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms. Zeatin, zeatin riboside, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). Zeatin and zeatin riboside increased to maximal concentrations at an early stage (9 d after pollination [DAP]), corresponding to the stage when cell division rate was maximal. In contrast, IAA concentration was low at 9 DAP and abruptly increased from 9 to 11 DAP, thus creating a sharp decline in the cytokinin to auxin ratio. Coincident with the increase in IAA was an increase in DNA content per nucleus, attributed to postmitotic DNA replication via endoreduplication. Exogenous application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 5 or 7 DAP hastened the time course of DNA accumulation per nucleus and increased the average nuclear diameter, whereas 2-(para-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid delayed such development. Exogenously applied 2,4-D hastened the accumulation of the zein polypeptides of apparent molecular masses of 12, 14, and 16 kD and the expression of mRNA hybridizing with a zein DNA probe. We conclude that an abrupt increase in auxin induces cellular differentiation events in endosperm, including endoredupliction and expression of particular zein storage proteins.
Molecular Pathways: Aspirin and Wnt Signaling—A Molecularly Targeted Approach to Cancer Prevention and Treatment

The anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin have resulted in its widespread use as an analgesic, antipyretic, and cardioprotective agent. Beyond these applications, multiple observational studies and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a chemopreventative role for aspirin, particularly in the development of colorectal neoplasia. Given the critical importance of Wnt dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis, the interplay between aspirin and canonical Wnt signaling has become a focus of investigation. These studies have illuminated our understanding of the anticancer mechanisms of aspirin, yielding the identification of potential biomarkers for which aspirin's chemopreventative efficacy can be safely optimized into routine clinical practice and providing leads into the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize key experimental and clinical studies of this interaction, as well as highlighting future strategies to advance their clinical translation. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1543–8. ©2014 AACR.
The immune response during a Strongyloides ratti infection of rats

A range of immune parameters was measured during a primary infection of Strongyloides ratti in its natural rat host. The immune parameters measured were interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interferon‐γ from both the spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells; parasite‐specific immunoglobulin G1(IgG1), IgG2a and IgG2b in serum and in intestinal tissue; parasite‐specific IgG and total IgE in serum; parasite‐specific and total IgA in intestinal tissue and rat mast cell protease II in intestinal tissue. Parasite‐specific IgG1, IgG2a and total IgE in serum and parasite‐specific IgA and rat mast cell protease II in intestinal tissue all occurred at significantly greater concentrations in infected animals, compared with non‐infected animals. Similarly, the production of IL‐4 by MLN cells stimulated with parasitic female antigen or concanavalin A occurred at significantly greater concentrations in infected animals, compared with non‐infected animals. In all, this suggests that there is a T‐helper 2‐type immune response during a primary S. ratti infection. These data also show the temporal changes in these components of the host immune response during a primary S. ratti infection.
Talking With Others About Stigmatized Health Conditions

We investigated the influence of social ties on symptom management and help seeking, using urinary symptoms as a case study. Talking with others about these symptoms was common and both facilitated and hindered symptom management and help seeking. In some cases, talking with others resulted in gaining a sense of identification with others suffering the same symptoms, receiving assistance to ease the burden of symptoms, obtaining suggestions to help manage symptoms, and learning information about available treatments. In other cases, talking with others served to normalize symptoms to such an extent that individuals saw no need to manage their symptoms differently.
Astyanax Transgenesis and Husbandry : How Cavefish Enters the Laboratory

Astyanax mexicanus, a teleost fish comprising both sighted river-dwelling and blind cave-dwelling morphs, is becoming increasingly used in the field of developmental and evolutionary biology. Thus, new experimental and technological tools are needed on this emerging fish model by the expanding scientific community. Here, we describe Astyanax husbandry and egg spawning habits, a prerequisite to the successful establishment of Astyanax transgenic lines. We then compare two different transgenesis methods on both surface and cave Astyanax. Both meganuclease (I-SceI)and transposase (Tol2)-mediated transgenesis are equivalently efficient, resulting in *40% mosaic transgenic fish in F0. Furthermore, the transmission rate was analyzed in F1 in the case of the I-SceI method and was found to be 16%. Finally, the transgene was found stable up the F3 generation, demonstrating the feasibility of generating stable transgenic lines in Astyanax and opening a wide range of possibilities for this fish model.
Physical deconditioning in chronic low back pain.

OBJECTIVE To establish the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and the rate of decrease in maximal aerobic capacity according to age in patients with chronic low back pain and compare these with normative data. DESIGN Prospective case series with historical controls. SUBJECTS/PATIENTS Seventy patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS A maximal cycle ergometer protocol was used to measure VO2max, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio and blood lactate levels. RESULTS Seventy patients achieved absolute and normalized for weight VO2max values of 2.17 (standard deviation (SD) 0.65) l/min and 30.79 (SD 7.77) ml/kg/min, respectively. Absolute VO2max was poorly related to age in both men and women with chronic low back pain (r = -0.22 and r = -0.28, respectively). VO2max normalized for weight was also inversely related to age in both men and women (r = -0.36 and r = -0.42, respectively). The rate of VO2max decline between 20 and 59 years was -3.3 ml/kg/min/decade for the entire population and -1.2 and -5.4 ml/kg/min/decade in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION The level of physical fitness of patients with chronic low back pain is comparable to the physical fitness of healthy, but poorly conditioned subjects. Patients with chronic low back pain show a VO2max decline with ageing that is slower than of active subjects.
Integrating body movement into attractiveness research

People judge attractiveness and make trait inferences from the physical appearance of others, and research reveals high agreement among observers making such judgments. Evolutionary psychologists have argued that interest in physical appearance and beauty reflects adaptations that motivate the search for desirable qualities in a potential partner. Although men more than women value the physical appearance of a partner, appearance universally affects social perception in both sexes. Most studies of attractiveness perceptions have focused on third party assessments of static representations of the face and body. Corroborating evidence suggests that body movement, such as dance, also conveys information about mate quality. Here we review evidence that dynamic cues (e.g., gait, dance) also influence perceptions of mate quality, including personality traits, strength, and overall attractiveness. We recommend that attractiveness research considers the informational value of body movement in addition to static cues, to present an integrated perspective on human social perception.
Docosahexaenoic Acid, Inflammation, and Bacterial Dysbiosis in Relation to Periodontal Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been used to treat a range of different conditions, including periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). That DHA helps with these oral and gastrointestinal diseases in which inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis play key roles, raises the question of whether DHA may assist in the prevention or treatment of other inflammatory conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome, which have also been linked with inflammation and alterations in normal host microbial populations. Here we review established and investigated associations between DHA, PD, and IBD. We conclude that by beneficially altering cytokine production and macrophage recruitment, the composition of intestinal microbiota and intestinal integrity, lipopolysaccharide- and adipose-induced inflammation, and insulin signaling, DHA may be a key tool in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
Materialized view selection and maintenance using multi-query optimization

Materialized views have been found to be very effective at speeding up queries, and are increasingly being supported by commercial databases and data warehouse systems. However, whereas the amount of data entering a warehouse and the number of materialized views are rapidly increasing, the time window available for maintaining materialized views is shrinking. These trends necessitate efficient techniques for the maintenance of materialized views. In this paper, we show how to find an efficient plan for the maintenance of a set of materialized views, by exploiting common subexpressions between different view maintenance expressions. In particular, we show how to efficiently select (a) expressions and indices that can be effectively shared, by transient materialization; (b) additional expressions and indices for permanent materialization; and (c) the best maintenance plan — incremental or recomputation — for each view. These three decisions are highly interdependent, and the choice of one affects the choice of the others. We develop a framework that cleanly integrates the various choices in a systematic and efficient manner. Our evaluations show that many-fold improvement in view maintenance time can be achieved using our techniques. Our algorithms can also be used to efficiently select materialized views to speed up workloads containing queries and updates.
Use of situational judgment tests to predict job performance: a clarification of the literature.

Although situational judgment tests have a long history in the psychological assessment literature and continue to be frequently used in employment contexts, there has been virtually no summarization of this literature. The purpose of this article is to review the history of such tests and present the results of a meta-analysis on criterion-related and construct validity. On the basis of 102 coefficients and 10,640 people, situational judgment tests showed useful levels of validity (rho = .34) that were generalizable. A review of 79 correlations between situational judgment tests and general cognitive ability involving 16,984 people indicated that situational judgment tests typically evidence relationships with cognitive ability (rho = .46). On the basis of the literature review and meta-analytic findings, implications for the continued use of situational judgment tests are discussed, particularly in terms of recent investigations into tacit knowledge.
Estimating the Prevalence of Sexual Function Problems: The Impact of Morbidity Criteria

Establishing the clinical significance of symptoms of sexual dysfunction is challenging. To address this, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduced two new morbidity criteria (duration and symptom severity) to the existing criteria of distress. This study sought to establish the impact of these three criteria on the population prevalence of sexual function problems. The data come from a national probability survey (Natsal-3) and are based on 11,509 male and female participants aged 16–74, reporting at least one sexual partner in the past year. The key outcomes were: proportion of individuals reporting proxy measures of DSM-5 problems, and the proportion of those meeting morbidity criteria. We found that among sexually active men, the prevalence of reporting one or more of four specific sexual problems was 38.2%, but 4.2% after applying the three morbidity criteria; corresponding figures for women reporting one or more of three specific sexual problems, were 22.8% and 3.6%. Just over a third of men and women reporting a problem meeting all three morbidity criteria had sought help in the last year. We conclude that the DSM-5 morbidity criteria impose a focus on clinically significant symptoms.
Association of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Paraoxonase with Birth Outcome in Mexican-American Women

Background Epidemiologic studies suggest that maternal organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure is associated with poorer fetal growth, but findings are inconsistent. We explored whether paraoxonase (PON1), a key enzyme involved in detoxification of OPs, could be an effect modifier in this association. Methods The study population included 470 pregnant women enrolled in the CHAMACOS Study, a longitudinal cohort study of mothers and children living in an agricultural region of California. We analyzed urine samples collected from mothers twice during pregnancy for dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides. We analyzed maternal and fetal (cord) blood samples for PON1 genotype (PON1192 and PON1−108) and enzyme activity (paraoxonase and arylesterase). Infant birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age were obtained from medical records. Results Infants' PON1 genotype and activity were associated with birth outcome, but mothers' were not. Infants with the susceptible PON1−108TT genotype had shorter gestational age (β = −0.5 weeks, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): −0.9, 0.0) and smaller head circumference (β = −0.4 cm, 95% CI: −0.7, 0.0) than those with the PON1−108CC genotype. Infants' arylesterase and paraoxonase activity were positively associated with gestational age. There was some evidence of effect modification with DAPs: maternal DAP concentrations were associated with shorter gestational age only among infants of the susceptible PON1−108TT genotype (p-valueinteraction = 0.09). However, maternal DAP concentrations were associated with larger birth weight (p-valueinteraction = 0.06) and head circumference (p-valueinteraction<0.01) in infants with non-susceptible genotypes. Conclusions Infants whose PON1 genotype and enzyme activity levels suggested that they might be more susceptible to the effects of OP pesticide exposure had decreased fetal growth and length of gestation. PON1 may be another factor contributing to preterm or low birth weight birth.
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type: diagnostic considerations.

CONTEXT Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, may show features that overlap with other lymphomas. However, timely recognition of this entity can have important clinical and therapeutic implications. OBJECTIVE To review the clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, and juxtapose these features with other diagnostic considerations. In particular, other variants of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, as well as primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, will be reviewed. Additionally, systemic/extracutaneous lymphomas will be discussed, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. DATA SOURCES Relevant literature will be reviewed and key differentiating findings will be highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Although primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, may show aspects that overlap with other lymphomas, it can be distinguished from other entities in the differential diagnosis.
Experimental Investigation on Properties of High Performance Concrete with Mineral Admixtures in Pavement of Highway

To meet demand of highperformance pavement concrete in highway, differentproportional concretes incorporating 30%—40% ground granulatedblast furnace slag and (or) fly ash were investigated on engineering properties in laboratory. Workability offresh concrete was evaluated by result of testing slump, mechanical property ofconcrete by flexural strength, abrasion resistance of concrete by index ofabrasion resistance and durability of concrete by chloride diffusioncoefficient and value of charge passed. The results indicate that measuredcharacteristics of concretes are superior to the relevant requisitions in specificationof highway. It was revealed that partial substitution ofmineral admixtures increased workability of fresh concrete, abrasion resistanceand durability of concrete. Addition of groundgranulated blast furnace slag is more favorable to flexural strength ofconcrete than that of fly ash, in particular for early-term to avoid delaying construction time with lower strength caused in use of greatvolume admixture.
Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish subpallium by molecular marker analysis

The morphology of the telencephalon displays great diversity among different vertebrate lineages. Particularly the everted telencephalon of ray‐finned fishes shows a noticeably different morphology from the evaginated telencephalon of nonray‐finned fishes and other vertebrates. This makes the comparison between the different parts of the telencephalon of ray‐finned fishes and other vertebrates difficult. Based on neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and connectional data no consensus on the subdivisions of the adult telencephalon of ray‐finned fishes and their relation to nuclei in the telencephalon of other vertebrates has been reached yet. For tetrapods, comparative expression pattern analysis of homologous developmental genes has been a successful approach to clarify homologies between different parts of the telencephalon. In the larval zebrafish, subdivisions of the subpallium have been proposed using conserved developmental gene expression. In this study, we investigate the subdivisions of the adult zebrafish telencephalon by analyzing the expression pattern of conserved molecular marker genes. We identify the boundary between the pallium and subpallium based on the complementary expression of dlx2a, dlx5a in the subpallium and tbr1, neurod in the pallium. Furthermore, combinatorial expression of Isl, nkx2.1b, lhx1b, tbr1, eomesa, emx1, emx2, and emx3 identifies striatal‐like, pallidal‐like, and septal‐like subdivisions within the subpallium. In contrast to previous models, we propose that the striatum and pallidum are stretched along the rostrocaudal axis of the telencephalon. Further, the septal nuclei derive from both the pallium and subpallium. On this basis, we present a new model for the subdivisions of the subpallium in teleost fish. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:633–655, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and skin cancer: A dangerous combination

There is a significant association between non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and both melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. This review highlights the existing data on the phenomenon of accelerated skin cancer in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and specifically chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The outcomes of patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) and non‐melanoma skin cancer are worse than in patients without concomitant lymphoreticular malignancy, as shown by increased rates of local recurrence, regional metastasis and death. Pathogenic factors may be common between non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and skin cancer. The treatment of skin cancer in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma must factor in the worse prognosis and adapt standard therapeutic approaches to minimize the risk of metastasis and death. Preventive strategies and early detection are paramount in this high‐risk population.