Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional evaluation of egg byproducts in diets for early-weaned pigs.

A total of 272 Cotswold pigs (17 +/- 1 d) were utilized in three experiments to evaluate the nutritive value of spray-dried egg proteins for early-weaned pigs. In all experiments, pigs were stratified by sex and initial BW and then assigned randomly to experimental diets. In Exp. 1, four corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 7% of either spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), spray-dried technical albumen (SDTA), SDTA stored at 70 degrees C for 3 d (SDTA-ht), or spray-dried whole egg (SDWE) were assigned to five pens each with four pigs for a 3-wk study period. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio (G:F) were determined. At the end of wk 3, five pigs per treatment were killed to determine ileal AA and energy digestibilities, as well as Enterobacteriaceae counts. Compared with the SDPP diet, ADG and G:F were lower (P < 0.05) for SDTA-, SDTA-ht- and SDWE-containing diets. Apparent ileal digestibilities of cystine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, and threonine in the SDPP diet were lower (P < 0.05) than in diets containing spray-dried egg products. Ileal digestible energy content did not differ (P > 0.05) in all diets (3.1 to 3.2 Mcal/kg). Enterobacteriaceae counts were lower in the SDTA-ht diet than in either the SDTA or SDWE diets (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, the effect of substituting SDPP with varying levels of SDTA was investigated. Diets were randomly assigned to five pens (except for the 100% SDTA diet, which had four pens), each with four pigs. Average daily gain, ADFI, and G:F decreased linearly as the level of SDTA was increased in the diet (P < 0.05). Replacing SDPP with SDTA at 25 or 50% had no effect on pig performance (P > 0.10). In Exp. 3, phase I diets containing 0, 25, or 50% SDTA in place of SDPP (7% of the diet) were each assigned at random to eight pens each with four pigs for a 14-d period, after which all pigs were switched to a common phase II diet lacking both SDPP and SDTA for another 14 d. Average daily feed intake and ADG did not differ among all diets in phase I and II and overall (d 0 to 28). Pigs fed the diet containing 50% SDTA in phase I had lower (P < 0.05) G:F than those fed the SDPP diet. The results indicate that technical albumen can replace 25 to 50% of SDPP in early-weaned pig diets without compromising performance, and further suggest that heat-treated SDTA may affect intestinal microbial population in pigs.
Sensitivity of Equity Returns to Political Risk Premiums

In this paper we study the impact that political risk premiums have on market index returns in thirty-one countries. We also include the impact of exchange rates and inflation rates. Fifteen of the countries are classified as developing, and sixteen of them are classified as developed based on the World Bank classifications. These classifications play a role in the analysis as they are included as a dummy variable in the cross-sectional time-series regressions we run in order to analyze the sensitivities. We use a spread between interest yields on sovereign bonds and a comparable U.S. bond as a proxy for the political risk premium. We find evidence that market index returns are negatively affected by political risk premiums. The results suggest that political instability in countries negatively affects the returns of companies found on the local financial markets. These results suggest that consideration of political risks is an important part of foreign investment decision-making.
The role of psychological distress and personality variables in the disablement process in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To test whether psychological distress and personality variables mediate or moderate physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: In 168 RA patients the following self-report instruments were administered: the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ), the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), and the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale. A total of 152 patients with several rheumatological disorders [56 with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 56 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 40 with Sjögren's syndrome (SS)] served as disease controls. The outcome measure was the physical scale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). We used hierarchical regression to determine whether our data were consistent with the disablement process model. Results: In RA patients, sense of coherence was associated with physical HRQOL but the relationship was mediated by psychological distress. Self-sacrificing defence style moderated the relationship between pain and physical HRQOL: pain was associated with impaired physical HRQOL only in patients with predominant self-sacrificing defence style. Although psychological distress and personality variables were also associated with physical HRQOL in the disease control group, the moderating effects of personality on physical HRQOL were unique to RA. Thus, in RA, psychological distress, functional disability, and the interaction term between pain and self-sacrificing defence style were independently associated with physical HRQOL. Conclusions: In RA patients, psychological distress mediated the association of personality variables with physical HRQOL but personality moderated the effects of pain on physical HRQOL and this could be relevant to psychological interventions.
Internal Efficiency and Turnover Intention

All around the world, public organizations have faced strong pressures to improve performance and generally “do more with less,” particularly following the global slowdown of 2008. This article examines the effects of organizational emphasis on efficiency in local government using data from a large survey of civil servants in South Korea. Findings from a fixed effects analysis indicate that higher levels of efficiency emphasis are related to stronger employee turnover intention. However, a number of moderating factors are also uncovered, suggesting that individual levels of public service motivation as well as perceived procedural justice and innovation climate can influence this relationship, lessening the impact of efficiency emphasis on turnover intention. These individual and organizational level factors may thus act as a buffer for increased performance demands. A number of implications for public management are discussed.
Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills

1. The Nature and Importance of Leadership. 2. Traits, Motives, and Characteristics of Leaders. 3. Charismatic and Transformational Leadership. 4. Leadership Behaviors, Attitudes, and Styles. 5. Contingency and Situational Leadership. 6. Leadership Ethics and Social Responsibility. 7. Power, Politics, and Leadership. 8. Influence Tactics of Leaders. 9. Developing Teamwork. 10. Motivation and Coaching Skills. 11. Creativity, Innovation, and Leadership. 12. Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills. 13. Strategic Leadership and Knowledge Management. 14. International and Culturally Diverse Aspects of Leadership. 15. Leadership, Development, and Succession.
Multistate Evaluation of an Ultrafiltration-Based Procedure for Simultaneous Recovery of Enteric Microbes in 100-Liter Tap Water Samples

ABSTRACT Ultrafiltration (UF) is increasingly being recognized as a potentially effective procedure for concentrating and recovering microbes from large volumes of water and treated wastewater. Because of their very small pore sizes, UF membranes are capable of simultaneously concentrating viruses, bacteria, and parasites based on size exclusion. In this study, a UF-based water sampling procedure was used to simultaneously recover representatives of these three microbial classes seeded into 100-liter samples of tap water collected from eight cities covering six hydrologic areas of the United States. The UF-based procedure included hollow-fiber UF as the primary step for concentrating microbes and then used membrane filtration for bacterial culture assays, immunomagnetic separation for parasite recovery and quantification, and centrifugal UF for secondary concentration of viruses. Water samples were tested for nine water quality parameters to investigate whether water quality data correlated with measured recovery efficiencies and molecular detection levels. Average total method recovery efficiencies were 71, 97, 120, 110, and 91% for φX174 bacteriophage, MS2 bacteriophage, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens spores, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. Real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for seeded microbes and controls indicated that tap water quality could affect the analytical performance of molecular amplification assays, although no specific water quality parameter was found to correlate with reduced PCR or RT-PCR performance.
INTRAGRAFT CYTOKINE PROFILE DURING HUMAN LIVER ALLOGRAFT REJECTION 1, 2

Forty-three human liver allograft biopsies and normal liver were directly analyzed for inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine gene expression by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-5 gene expression was predominantly present in biopsies from liver allografts with histopathological evidence of acute rejection. IL-2 gene expression was rarely observed in rejecting allografts or allografts without evidence of rejection. In contrast, IL-4 message was readily detectable in the majority of liver allografts regardless of clinical status. The inflammatory mediators IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were detected with similar frequency in rejecting allografts and allografts without evidence of rejection. These findings suggest that inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines are produced within the allograft. Moreover, IL-5 may play a role in the local mechanisms of liver allograft rejection.
Sociality and the telencephalic distribution of corticotrophin‐releasing factor, urocortin 3, and binding sites for CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors: A comparative study of eusocial naked mole‐rats and solitary Cape mole‐rats

Various aspects of social behavior are influenced by the highly conserved corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides and receptors in the mammalian telencephalon. This study has mapped and compared the telencephalic distribution of the CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, and two of their ligands, CRF and urocortin 3, respectively, in African mole‐rat species with diametrically opposed social behavior. Naked mole‐rats live in large eusocial colonies that are characterized by exceptional levels of social cohesion, tolerance, and cooperation in burrowing, foraging, defense, and alloparental care for the offspring of the single reproductive female. Cape mole‐rats are solitary; they tolerate conspecifics only fleetingly during the breeding season. The telencephalic sites at which the level of CRF1 binding in naked mole‐rats exceeds that in Cape mole‐rats include the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, hippocampal CA3 subfield, and dentate gyrus; in contrast, the level is greater in Cape mole‐rats in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and medial habenular nucleus. For CRF2 binding, the sites with a greater level in naked mole‐rats include the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and dentate gyrus, but the septohippocampal nucleus, lateral septal nuclei, amygdalostriatal transition area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial habenular nucleus display a greater level in Cape mole‐rats. The results are discussed with reference to neuroanatomical and behavioral studies of various species, including monogamous and promiscuous voles. By analogy with findings in those species, we speculate that the abundance of CRF1 binding in the nucleus accumbens of Cape mole‐rats reflects their lack of affiliative behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2344–2371, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainability disclosure patterns of South Australian local councils: a case study

This article investigates the types of sustainability information disclosed by four South Australian local councils in the absence of any mandatory sustainability reporting guidelines. The findings suggest that even though standardized sustainability reporting guidelines are not in use, elements of these guidelines are reported as sustainability issues in annual reports. Our study also reveals that in the absence of any prescribed requirements, multiple overlapping guidelines based on contemporary sustainability philosophies are in use. A need for local centric guidelines is suggested, not just for the context of this study but also for other local governments, nationally and internationally.
Clinical correlates of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Machado‐Joseph disease

França Jr MC, D’Abreu A, Nucci A, Lopes‐Cendes I. Clinical correlates of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Machado‐Joseph disease. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 121: 422–425. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Munksgaard.
THE INTERACTION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND MARKET POWER EFFECTS ON GERMAN DOMESTIC PRICES

This paper illustrates the importance of international influences on domestic markets. A model is presented in which changes in a country's terms of trade pass through to industrial prices in varying degrees depending on import penetration and seller concentration. Empirical results suggest that the 8.4 percent decline in the real external value of the Deutsche Mark from 1977 to 1983 allowed upward movement of about 2 percent in domestic producer prices of traded goods relative to the GNP price deflator. Increased market concentration led to a reduced effect, while increased import penetration led to some increase in the exchange rate passthrough. STANDARD INDUSTRIAL organization models stress the impact of market power and entry conditions on economic performance, with particular interest in price effects. At the industry level, greater concentration is expected to lead to higher prices, ceteris paribus, while greater ease in entry (or a larger "competitive fringe") implies lower prices. The international economics literature indicates that, in the absence of trade barriers, transactions and transportation costs, and market power, foreign exchange rate changes will be fully "passed through" to import and export prices, implying that domestic prices of "traded goods" for an appreciating currency will be adjusted downward by the full amount of the exchange rate change. The dramatic changes in exchange rates since the early 1970s provided exporters with new opportunities to enter markets of nations that had a "strong currency". West Germany has been regarded as one such country. This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate movements on particular German industrial prices. I test to see whether the prominence of imports
Fairness in human resource management, social exchange relationships, and citizenship behavior: testing linkages of the target similarity model among nurses in the United States

The current study tests key linkages of the target similarity model by examining relationships among multifoci justice, social exchange, and supervisor ratings of employee citizenship behavior. We found support for the model when examining three different workplace targets simultaneously (i.e., the organization as a whole, supervisors, and workgroup members) using a sample of hospital nurses in the United States. Specifically, we found that: (1) employee perceptions of workgroup fairness, supervisor fairness, and organizational fairness differentially and positively predicted perceived workgroup support (PGS), perceived supervisor support (PSS), and perceived organizational support (POS), respectively and (2) PGS, PSS, and POS differentially and positively predicted citizenship behavior toward the workgroup, toward the supervisor, and toward the organization, respectively. Theoretical and practical implications for the strategic management of human resources are discussed, as are limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.
Time course of cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral arterial territory: deep watershed versus territorial subtypes on diffusion-weighted MR images.

PURPOSE To examine possible differences between the evolution of cerebral watershed infarction (WI) and that of territorial thromboembolic infarction (TI) by using diffusion-weighted (DW) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with TI and nine with WI underwent MR imaging from the acute to chronic infarction stages. ADC maps were derived from DW images. Lesion-to-normal tissue signal intensity ratios on ADC maps (rADC), echo-planar T2-weighted images, and DW images were calculated. Lesion volumes at acute or early subacute infarction stages were measured on DW images, and final lesion volumes were estimated on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in temporal evolution patterns of rADC between WI and TI (P <.001). rADC pseudonormalization following TI began about 10 days after symptom onset, but that following WI did not occur until about 1 month after symptom onset. The Pearson correlation coefficient between final and initial infarct volumes was 0.9899 for both infarction subtypes, indicating that the initial ischemic injury volume measured at the acute or early subacute stage predicted the final lesion volume fairly well. CONCLUSION The evolution time of ADC is faster for TI than for WI. This difference, which likely originates from the different pathophysiologic and hemodynamic features of the two infarction types, might account for the relatively large range of ADC values reported for the time course of ischemic strokes.
The Impact of Total Quality Management Adoption on Small and Medium Enterprises’ Financial Performance

This paper examines whether the management accounting practice of total quality management (TQM) positively impacts on the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). While research has investigated the impact of TQM on larger firms, to date, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the impact of TQM on SMEs’ financial performance. Our analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics financial data for 3776 SMEs found no evidence that TQM improved financial performance after controlling for size and risk. Our results contribute to literature by highlighting that management accounting practices developed for larger companies may not necessarily be transposable to SMEs.
Fiscal Discipline In Monetary Unions

In this paper evidence pertaining to the fiscal discipline that monetary unions impose on their members is presented. This evidence suggests, first, that member states of many monetary unions and of fixed exchange rate regimes enjoy a remarkable degree of fiscal autonomy. Second, as a rule these member states have strong incentives to follow "orthodox" budgetary policies. Third, the experience of a number of small EMS-countries illustrates the need to maintain relatively flexible national fiscal policies, including the need to run large but temporary budget deficits when the country is hit by negative shocks. The examples of these countries illustrates that this can be done without undermining the credibility of the fixed exchange rate commitment, provided the no-monetization constraint is strictly adhered to. [F41]
Friends or enemies? Foreign investors in Taiwan

This study investigates how foreign investors impact the Taiwanese stock market using the AutoRegressive Jump Intensity (ARJI) model proposed by Chan and Maheu (2002), in which stock volatility in Taiwan is classified as either normal or abnormal and the net purchases of foreign investors, together with the classified volatilities, are included in the bivariate Vector Autoregression (VAR) model for further analyses. The sample period comprises of two parts, namely before and after relaxation of the restrictions on Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) investors on 2 October 2003 (pre- and post-QFII). The forecast error variance decompositions and impulse–response functions are obtained via simulating the VAR model. Our results indicate why previous studies, in which abnormal volatilities were not taken into account, confronted biased and inconsistent results. Biased results from previous studies tend to be caused by not differentiating between normal and abnormal volatilities, and the results of this study provide a valuable reference for efforts to end conflicting arguments for whether destabilizing or stabilizing stock markets of foreign investor transactions. Furthermore, the study results also indicate why Taiwan was less affected during the Asian financial crisis.
Negative work events and accommodations in employed multiple sclerosis patients

Work disability is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive disorder discriminates disabled from employed patients. Our goal was to develop and validate an online vocational status monitoring tool measuring negative work events and use of accommodations. We enrolled 52 employed patients completing an online survey and a clinical examination including tests of motor function, cognitive abilities, and depression. The survey recorded a wide range of reported work problems. Regression models predicting negative work events, and use of accommodations, retained measures of ambulation, cognition, and depression. These data provide preliminary support for the validity of online vocational monitoring in MS.
Antibacterial components of honey

The antibacterial activity of honey has been known since the 19th century. Recently, the potent activity of honey against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has further increased the interest for application of honey, but incomplete knowledge of the antibacterial activity is a major obstacle for clinical applicability. The high sugar concentration, hydrogen peroxide, and the low pH are well‐known antibacterial factors in honey and more recently, methylglyoxal and the antimicrobial peptide bee defensin‐1 were identified as important antibacterial compounds in honey. The antibacterial activity of honey is highly complex due to the involvement of multiple compounds and due to the large variation in the concentrations of these compounds among honeys. The current review will elaborate on the antibacterial compounds in honey. We discuss the activity of the individual compounds, their contribution to the complex antibacterial activity of honey, a novel approach to identify additional honey antibacterial compounds, and the implications of the novel developments for standardization of honey for medical applications. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2011.s
Communicative Intentions and Language: Evidence from Right-Hemisphere Damage and Autism

In this review article, it is argued that the wide range of communicative deficits that have been noted in both individuals with damage to the right cerebral hemisphere (RHD) and high-functioning individuals with autism may stem from difficulties appreciating the importance of their interlocutor's communicative intentions (CIs). It is also argued that the abnormal semantic development noted in infants with RHD and autism may be related to difficulties in appreciating CIs as well. Finally, it is suggested that the CIs hypothesis may provide an avenue for integrating a number of theoretical suggestions that have been made regarding the right hemisphere's contributions to communicative competence.