Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of risk factors and test performance on malnutrition prevalence at admission using four different screening tools.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition is very common in patients when admitted to the hospital. The aim of the present study was: a) to determine the prevalence of malnutrition at admission in a tertiary care hospital and identify risk factors for malnutrition, and b) to test the sensitivity and specificity of different screening tests for malnutrition compared to subjective global assessment (SGA). METHODS We conducted a prospective study at 24h of admission in order to assess malnutrition in 537 adult subjects (56.4% males, mean age of 61.3±17.7 years) using 4 different screening tools: mininutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF), nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002), malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), and SGA. Anthropometrics and co-morbidities were registered. RESULTS The overall rate of undernutrition was 47.3%. Specific rates were 54.2% in patients > 65y vs. 40.7% < 65y (p = 0.002) and 63.4% in medical vs. 34.0% surgical department (p < 0.001). Identified risk factors of malnutrition at admission were: the presence of heart disease (OR 1.74 CI 95% 1.16-2.60 p = 0.007) for MNASF (AUC 0.62); liver disease (OR 4.45 CI 95% 1.9410.22 p < 0.001), > 65y (OR 2.10 CI 95% 1.19-3.93 p = 0.011), medicine department (OR 3.58 CI 95% 1.93-6.62 p < 0.001) for SGA (AUC 0.96); lung disease (OR 3.34 CI 95% 1.45-7.73 p = 0.005), medicine department (OR 2.55 CI 95%1.09-5.98 p = 0.032) for NRS 2002 (AUC 0.97). Recent unintentional weight loss was a common factor. CONCLUSIONS Undernourishment at hospital admission is frequent. Comorbidities may contribute to the presence of undernutrition at admission. Nonetheless, SGA, NRS2002, MNA-SF or MUST can be used in our setting.
Standing tall: a look at the development of identity among Palestinian citizens of Israel

The paper, based on interviews, follows something of the process by which a group of Palestinian social workers came to ‘stand tall’ as Palestinian citizens of Israel. The process began with their acute discomfort both with blending into Jewish Israeli society and with being singled out for exclusion or harsh treatment as Palestinians. These feelings set in motion a process of self empowerment that was marked first by resistance and protest and then by the simultaneous embracing of and reflection on their identity as Palestinian citizens of Israel. Parallels are drawn between the historical development of the identity of the Palestinian collective in Israel that has been charted in the literature and the identity development of individual Palestinians.
Polymorphism Trp64Arg of beta 3 adrenoreceptor gene: allelic frequencies and influence on insulin resistance in a multicenter study of Castilla-León.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The genetic variant (Trp64Arg) is a missense mutation located within the beta3 adrenoreceptor (Beta3AR). The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Trp64Arg polymorphism in the Beta3AR gene on insulin resistance in obese patients and the allelic distribution of this polymorphismin a geographic area of Spain. DESIGN A population of 264 obese patients was analyzed. A bioimpedance, blood pressure, an assessment of nutritional intake, and biochemical parameters were measured. The beta 3 adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism(Trp64Arg) was genotyped. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty six patients (77 males/149 females) (85.6%) had the genotype Trp64/Trp64 (wild type group) with and average age of 41.12 +/- 13.1 years and 38 patients (16 males/22 females) Trp64/Arg64 (14.4%) (mutant type group) with an average age of 40.5 +/- 12.7 years. High frequencies of Arg64 allele were observed in Salamanca and Valladolid. In the mutant type group, HOMA (3.75 +/- 2.77 vs 5.27 +/- 5.4; p < 0.05) was higher than wild type group. CONCLUSION The finding of this study is the association of the Trp64/Arg64 Beta3AR with higher levels of HOMA. Frequencies of this polymorphism are different among geographic areas.
Microbial-generated amyloids and Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Atypical amyloid generation, folding, aggregation and impaired clearance are characteristic pathological features of human neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). What is generally not appreciated is that a major secretory product of microbes is amyloid, and that the contribution of microbial amyloid to the pathophysiology of the human central nervous system (CNS) is potentially substantial. While earlier findings suggested that these amyloids may serve some immune-evasive strategy, it has recently become evident that humans have a tremendously heavy systemic burden of amyloid which may contribute to the pathology of progressive neurological diseases with an amyloidogenic component. This perspective will highlight some recent inroads made into our understanding of the enigmatic role that microbial amyloids may play in the homeostasis and pathology of the CNS with particular reference to AD wherever possible.
The Warm Ionized Medium in the Milky Way and Other Galaxies

There are now observations of several emission lines from the "warm ionized medium" (WIM or, equivalently, the "diffuse ionized gas") of the local interstellar medium, from the Perseus arm in the Milky Way, and also in several other galaxies. Interesting features of these observations include the great strength of [N II] λ6563 (~Hα in some cases) and the fact that [S II] λ6717/[N II] λ6583 is almost the same (~0.6-0.7) in all locations and objects. Other line ratios (e.g., [O III] λ5007/Hβ) vary considerably. This paper presents simple photoionization models that reproduce the observed spectra, providing extra heating beyond that supplied by photoionization is assumed. The same extra heating was used for models of all stellar temperatures being combined together, although it could easily depend on T*. With observed gas-phase abundances (not solar), the line ratios in the Local arm at b = 0° are fitted with no extra heating and S/H = 13 ppm, as opposed to solar (~20 ppm). Local gas observed at b = -35° requires extra heating of about Γ-25 = 0.75, where Γ-25 is the extra heating in units of 10-25 ergs H-1 s-1. In the Perseus arm there are similar results: little extra heating is required at |z| = 500 pc, and Γ-25 = 3.0 is needed at |z| = 1.2 kpc. To fit the observations, the gas-phase composition in the Perseus arm must be reduced as required by the Galactic abundance gradient observed for H II regions. The requirements for NGC 891 (the best observed other galaxy) at |z| = 1 kpc and 2 kpc are similar to the Perseus arm: little or no extra heating near the plane (1 kpc in this case) and Γ-25 ~ 3 at |z| = 2 kpc. In NGC 891 there is also an increase of λ5007/Hα with |z| that can only come about if most of the ionizing radiation is supplied by very hot stars (type O4: T* ~ 50,000 K). Either their radiation must propagate from the plane to high |z| through very little intervening matter, or else the stars are located at high |z|. The total power requirement of the extra heating is ≲15% of the power to photoionize the WIM without extra heating. Extra heating enhances [O II] λ3727/Hβ. Figure 1 shows that there is a spread in the predicted values, but the ratio can serve as a useful diagnostic of extra heating. The [S III] λλ9065, 9531 lines (see Fig. 2) are not useful in diagnosing extra heating.
Radon–Thoron Discriminative Measurements in Gansu Province, China, and Their Implication for Dose Estimates

Indoor radon measurements were carried out in cave dwellings of the Chinese loess plateau in Gansu province, where previously the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene (LIH), China, and the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) had conducted an international collaborative epidemiological study. The LIH–NCI study showed an increased lung cancer risk due to high residential radon levels, and estimated the excess odds ratio at 100 Bq/m3 to be 0.19 (Wang et al., 2002). The present study used two types of newly developed passive monitors: One is a discriminative monitor for radon and thoron; the other is a selective monitor for thoron decay products. The arithmetic mean concentrations of indoor radon and thoron were 91 and 351 Bq/m3, respectively. As reported by our previous study in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces (Tokonami et al., 2004), the presence of high thoron concentration was confirmed and thoron was predominant over radon in the cave dwellings. However, the mean equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EETC) was found to be much lower than expected when assuming the equilibrium factor of 0.1 provided by the UNSCEAR (2000) report. The effective dose by radon and thoron decay products was estimated to be 3.08 mSv/yr. It was significantly lower than the dose of 8.22 mSv/yr estimated from the measurements that did not take into consideration any discrimination between radon and thoron. Excess relative risk of lung cancer per sievert may be much higher than the risk estimated from the LIH–NCI study, considering that discriminative measurements were not used in their study.
Focusing experimentally on polyploidy in physiology and pathology of mammals

This paper, aimed at focusing on polyploidy in mammalian cells with attention to pathology, consists of two parts. The experimental part shows the results of a retrospective morphometric analysis carried out on histologi- cal specimens of toxic fatty livers saved together with the inherent records of year 1959. Some polyploid anaphases detected merely by chance and suitable to be quantitated have been analysed by computer-assisted microscopy. The results of this analysis prove that genome amplification may occur even in 16n hepatocytes infiltrated by lipid drop- lets and, presumably, heavily swollen. This information is relevant to re-interpret correctly pathophysiology of toxic fatty liver. In addition, this paper traces the outline of present knowledge on genome amplification in normal and pathological mammalian cell types. Morphometric data and recent progress of molecular cell biology and genetics are indicative of the importance of ploidy values in connection (i) with differentiation, growth and aging of the nor- mal organism, (ii) with the so-called final differentiation of some cell types, and (iii) with some processes closely linked together, namely, inflammation and repair. Evidence suggests that in the life history of the organism mammal polyploidy is controlled, in the various organs, tissues and cell lines, and/or at different times, by different genetic programs.
Co-occurrence of aflatoxins B 1, B 2, G 1, G 2, zearalenone and fumonisin B 1 in Brazilian corn

Two hundred and fourteen unprocessed corn samples (1997–98 harvest), collected at wholesale markets in different regions in Brazil, were surveyed for the occurrence of mycotoxins. The samples were analysed for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, zearalenone and fumoni1sin B1 using in-house validated methods. The occurrence of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 was found in 38.3, 30.4 and 99.1% of the samples, respectively. Aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 contamination levels varied from 0.2 to 129, 36.8 to 719, and 200 to 6100 μg/kg, respectively. The cooccurrence of the two carcinogenic mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 was observed in 100% of the aflatoxin-contaminated samples (82 samples). Cooccurrences of aflatoxin B1: zearalenone: fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1: aflatoxin B 2: fumonisin B1 were found in 18 and 43 samples, respectively.
Uncovering the Properties of Energy-Weighted Conformation Space Networks with a Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Model

The conformation spaces generated by short hydrophobic-hydrophilic (HP) lattice chains are mapped to conformation space networks (CSNs). The vertices (nodes) of the network are the conformations and the links are the transitions between them. It has been found that these networks have “small-world” properties without considering the interaction energy of the monomers in the chain, i. e. the hydrophobic or hydrophilic amino acids inside the chain. When the weight based on the interaction energy of the monomers in the chain is added to the CSNs, it is found that the weighted networks show the “scale-free” characteristic. In addition, it reveals that there is a connection between the scale-free property of the weighted CSN and the folding dynamics of the chain by investigating the relationship between the scale-free structure of the weighted CSN and the noted parameter Z score. Moreover, the modular (community) structure of weighted CSNs is also studied. These results are helpful to understand the topological properties of the CSN and the underlying free-energy landscapes.
Attention Deficit Disorder, Stimulant Use, and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectory

BACKGROUND: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood and adult obesity, and stimulant use with delayed childhood growth, but the independent influences are unclear. No longitudinal studies have examined associations of ADHD diagnosis and stimulant use on BMI trajectories throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS: We used longitudinal electronic health record data from the Geisinger Health System on 163 820 children ages 3 to 18 years in Pennsylvania. Random effects linear regression models were used to model BMI trajectories with increasing age in relation to ADHD diagnosis, age at first stimulant use, and stimulant use duration, while controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age at first BMI was 8.9 (5.0) years, and children provided a mean (SD) of 3.2 (2.4) annual BMI measurements. On average, BMI trajectories showed a curvilinear relation with age. There were consistent associations of unmedicated ADHD with higher BMIs during childhood compared with those without ADHD or stimulants. Younger age at first stimulant use and longer duration of stimulant use were each associated with slower BMI growth earlier in childhood but a more rapid rebound to higher BMIs in late adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides the first longitudinal evidence that ADHD during childhood not treated with stimulants was associated with higher childhood BMIs. In contrast, ADHD treated with stimulants was associated with slower early BMI growth but a rebound later in adolescence to levels above children without a history of ADHD or stimulant use. The findings have important clinical and neurobiological implications.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Lactate Clearance in Patients With Septic Shock: A Subanalysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Lactate clearance is useful to guide initial resuscitation of patients with septic shock. We conducted this study to evaluate whether dexmedetomidine increases lactate clearance in patients with septic shock. This was a randomized controlled trial that involved a post hoc subgroup analysis. Adult patients with septic shock under ventilation were randomized to receive sedation strategy with or without dexmedetomidine (60 in the dexmedetomidine and 51 in the nondexmedetomidine groups). The primary outcome was the lactate clearance at 6 h, defined as the percent decrease in lactate from randomization to 6 h after. The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 25 (interquartile range 19–31). The median serum lactate value at randomization was lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the nondexmedetomidine group (4.0 mmol/L vs. 4.8 mmol/L; P = 0.053). The lactate clearance at 6 h was higher in the dexmedetomidine group, although this was not statistically significant (23.3 ± 29.8 vs. 11.1 ± 54.4, mean difference 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI), –4.4 to 28.8). After adjusting for the lactate level at randomization, lactate clearance at 6 h was significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group (adjusted mean difference 18.5, 95% CI, 2.2–34.9). There was no statistically significant difference in the 28-day mortality between the dexmedetomidine and the nondexmedetomidine groups (13 [22%] vs. 18 [35%] patients, P = 0.11). In conclusion, among mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock, sedation with dexmedetomidine resulted in increased lactate clearance compared with sedation without dexmedetomidine.
HFE mutations and transferrin receptor polymorphism analysis in porphyria cutanea tarda: a prospective study of 36 cases from southern France

Background Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is associated in most cases with iron overload, which may participate in decreased activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the liver. The aetiology of this iron overload remains unknown; however, it has been demonstrated that mutations of HFE, the genetic haemochromatosis gene, might be present in a significant proportion of Anglo‐Saxon and Italian patients. Furthermore, transferrin receptor polymorphism may influence the affinity of this receptor to its ligand with a subsequent increase of cellular iron absorption and storage.
Enhanced Thermal Stability of Nd–Fe–B Sintered Magnets by Intergranular Doping Y72Co28 Alloys

The intergranular addition process using Y<sub>72</sub>Co<sub>28</sub> eutectic alloy powders has been applied to (Pr, Nd)<sub>27</sub>Dy<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>67.65</sub>Cu<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.2</sub>B<sub>1</sub>(wt.%) sintered magnets, resulting in an enhanced thermal stability. It was found that the coercivity of magnets at 100 °C increased while the addition of Y<sub>72</sub>Co<sub>28</sub> is 1 wt. %, whereas the magnetic properties decreased slightly at room temperature due to lower magnetocrystalline anisotropy field (H<sub>A</sub> ) of Y<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B. The temperature coefficient of remanence (α ) and coercivity (β) for the magnets improved significantly. Microstructure observation indicated that Y atoms prefer to enter into the 2-14-1 phase and form a core-shell structure with an outer layer of (Nd, Dy, Y)<sub>2</sub>(Fe, Co)<sub>14</sub>B. Magnetic domain and intrinsic properties analysis suggested that the improved thermal stability resulted from the modified grain boundaries and the introduction of Y in matrix phases.
INSPIRE: A Framework for Incremental Spatial Prefix Query Relaxation

Geo-textual data are generated in abundance. Recent studies focused on the processing of spatial keyword queries which retrieve objects that match certain keywords within a spatial region. To ensure effective retrieval, various extensions were done including the allowance of errors in keyword matching and auto completion using prefix matching. In this paper, we propose INSPIRE, a general framework, which adopts a unifying strategy for processing different variants of spatial keyword queries. We adopt the auto completion paradigm that generates an initial query as a prefix matching query. If there are few matching results, other variants are performed as a form of relaxation that reuses the processing done in the earlier phase. The types of relaxation allowed include spatial region expansion and exact/approximate prefix/substring matching. Moreover, since the auto completion paradigm allows appending characters after the initial query, we look at how query processing done for the initial query and relaxation can be reused in such instances. Compared to existing works which process variants of spatial keyword query as new queries over different indexes, our approach offers a more compelling way to efficient and effective spatial keyword search. Extensive experiments substantiate our claims.
Embodied Emotion Considered

Editing a special section of Emotion Review on the theme of embodied emotion is no easy task. First of all, what in the world is embodied emotion and why should the topic fill an entire section of Emotion Review? A second complication is raised by the word embodiment itself. This term carries a fair amount of baggage and provokes reactions that seem bigger than its meaning, especially perhaps within the study of emotion. And thirdly, the work of choosing articles for the special section also requires careful reflection. Which articles should be published to represent this burgeoning area of research in the behavioral and neurosciences, and do so for this readership? We will discuss these challenges as a background to a summary of our goals for the special section, an overview of the articles, and a review of some related ideas and findings from our laboratory.
Approximating fixed points of total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings

We introduce a new class of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and study approximating methods for finding their fixed points. We deal with the Krasnosel'skii-Mann-type iterative process. The strong and weak convergence results for self-mappings in normed spaces are presented. We also consider the asymptotically weakly contractive mappings.
A conceptual model and set of instruments for measuring student engagement in learning

This work has its origins with research into the effects of pedagogy on student engagement and learning outcomes. It summarises the development of self-report and observation instruments for measuring student engagement suitable for early years to senior secondary. The measures are sensitive to the context and experience of learning rather than, as is more common, a general disposition towards learning or school. The measures are distinctive in three ways: (1) they avoid the use of proxies such as attendance which link only weakly to learning outcomes; (2) they are designed to be sensitive to the effect of learning environments and quality of pedagogy on engagement; and (3) they do not assume that the learning environment involves conventional schooling. However, the use of the instruments has also revealed a deep structure to engagement which is a distinctive contribution and links prior research into learner dispositions and interest to the engagement construct.
Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics of the Human Knee Joint

Computational mechanics has been advanced in every area of orthopedic biomechanics. The objective of this paper is to provide a general review of the computational models used in the analysis of the mechanical function of the knee joint in different loading and pathological conditions. Major review articles published in related areas are summarized first. The constitutive models for soft tissues of the knee are briefly discussed to facilitate understanding the joint modeling. A detailed review of the tibiofemoral joint models is presented thereafter. The geometry reconstruction procedures as well as some critical issues in finite element modeling are also discussed. Computational modeling can be a reliable and effective method for the study of mechanical behavior of the knee joint, if the model is constructed correctly. Single-phase material models have been used to predict the instantaneous load response for the healthy knees and repaired joints, such as total and partial meniscectomies, ACL and PCL reconstructions, and joint replacements. Recently, poromechanical models accounting for fluid pressurization in soft tissues have been proposed to study the viscoelastic response of the healthy and impaired knee joints. While the constitutive modeling has been considerably advanced at the tissue level, many challenges still exist in applying a good material model to three-dimensional joint simulations. A complete model validation at the joint level seems impossible presently, because only simple data can be obtained experimentally. Therefore, model validation may be concentrated on the constitutive laws using multiple mechanical tests of the tissues. Extensive model verifications at the joint level are still crucial for the accuracy of the modeling.