Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycogen storage and muscle glucose transporters (GLUT-4) of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

SUMMARY To examine the evolution of endurance-exercise behaviour, we have selectively bred four replicate lines of laboratory mice (Mus domesticus) for high voluntary wheel running (`high runner' or HR lines), while also maintaining four non-selected control (C) lines. By generation 16, HR mice ran ∼2.7-fold more than C mice, mainly by running faster (especially in females), a differential maintained through subsequent generations, suggesting an evolutionary limit of unknown origin. We hypothesized that HR mice would have higher glycogen levels before nightly running, show greater depletion of those depots during their more intense wheel running, and have increased glycogen synthase activity and GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle. We sampled females from generation 35 at three times (photophase 07:00 h–19:00 h) during days 5–6 of wheel access, as in the routine selection protocol: Group 1, day 5, 16:00 h–17:30 h, wheels blocked from 13:00 h; Group 2, day 6, 02:00 h–03:30 h (immediately after peak running); and Group 3, day 6, 07:00 h–08:30 h. An additional Group 4, sampled 16:00 h–17:30 h, never had wheels. HR individuals with the mini-muscle phenotype (50% reduced hindlimb muscle mass) were distinguished for statistical analyses comparing C, HR normal, and HR mini. HR mini ran more than HR normal, and at higher speeds, which might explain why they have been favored by the selective-breeding protocol. Plasma glucose was higher in Group 1 than in Group 4, indicating a training effect (phenotypic plasticity). Without wheels, no differences in gastrocnemius GLUT-4 were observed. After 5 days with wheels, all mice showed elevated GLUT-4, but HR normal and mini were 2.5-fold higher than C. At all times and irrespective of wheel access, HR mini showed approximately three-fold higher [glycogen] in gastrocnemius and altered glycogen synthase activity. HR mini also showed elevated glycogen in soleus when sampled during peak running. All mice showed some glycogen depletion during nightly wheel running, in muscles and/or liver, but the magnitude of this depletion was not large and hence does not seem to be limiting to the evolution of even-higher wheel running.
Oleinik Type Estimates and Uniqueness for n×n Conservation Laws

Abstract Let ut+f(u)x=0 be a strictly hyperbolic n×n system of conservation laws in one space dimension. Relying on the existence of a semigroup of solutions, we first establish the uniqueness of entropy admissible weak solutions to the Cauchy problem, under a mild assumption on the local oscillation of u in a forward neighborhood of each point in the t-x plane. In turn, this yields the uniqueness of weak solutions which satisfy a decay estimate on positive waves of genuinely nonlinear families, thus extending a classical result proved by Oleinik in the scalar case.
Adaptive Doppler Filters Using Simultaneous Estimation of Target Acceleration and Signal to Noise Ratio

In order to obtain target velocity in radar systems we use Doppler filters. For good target velocity estimation, it is necessary to apply adaptive length window functions. The optimum length is primarily influenced by the target dynamics, expressed in its acceleration, and the signal to noise ratio of the obtained echo. Using criterion of minimal cumulative error of estimation it have been made many lookup tables with optimum window length for a chosen window function. In order to use these look-up tables it is needed to estimate target acceleration and signal to noise ratio in system. For the target acceleration estimation it is used Kalman filter and signal to noise ratio is estimated in time domain using a very simple procedure. At the end it is shown how an adaptation of the length of used window function effect the quality of the velocity estimation. Adaptivni Dopplerovi filtri zasnovani na proceni ubrzanja cilja i odnosa signal/šum Papić, V. , Đurović, Ž. , Kovačević, B.
Cultural similarities and differences in the relationship between types of leisure activity and happiness in Canadian, Chinese, and Japanese university students

ABSTRACT The purpose of our study was to examine cultural similarities and differences in relationships between Canadian, Chinese, and Japanese university students’ types of leisure activity and their happiness. Stepwise multiple regression results indicated that: (a) personal happiness was associated with exercising among Canadians, social activities and outdoor recreation among Chinese, and social activities among Japanese; and (b) family happiness was associated with sporting events among Canadians, and social activities among Chinese and Japanese. These results suggest that a fuller understanding of the relationships between leisure and happiness can only be achieved if attention is paid to cultural contexts.
Measuring nutritional dimensions of household food security

Funding for data collection and analysis of these data has been supported by the 1 International Fund for Agricultural Development (TA Grant No. 301-IFPRI). We gratefully acknowledge this funding, but stress that ideas and opinions presented here are our responsibility and should, in no way, be attributed to IFAD.
Evidence for the Involvement of Lfc and Tctex-1 in Axon Formation

RhoA and Rac play key and opposite roles during neuronal polarization. We now show that Lfc, a guanosine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), localizes to the Golgi apparatus and growth cones of developing neurons and negatively regulates neurite sprouting and axon formation through a Rho signaling pathway. Tctex-1, a dynein light chain implicated in axon outgrowth by modulating actin dynamics and Rac activity, colocalizes and physically interacts with Lfc, thus inhibiting its GEF activity, decreasing Rho-GTP levels, and functionally antagonizing Lfc during neurite formation.
Using simulation in the architectural concept phase of an emergency department design

We describe an emergency care center simulation (ECC) project at Sarasota Memorial Hospital in Sarasota, Florida. The objective was to project bed requirements for an emergency care center expansion. The project team also analyzed the impact on downstream departments that are an integral part of the ECC. The simulation model was developed at a macro level and targeted the capacity requirements based on length of stay for each of the patient areas affected by the expansion. This macro-level model, used for the architectural concept phase, was designed to allow for enhancement into a micro-level model to analyze the detailed processes of the ECC once the basic concepts of layout, number of rooms and beds, and hours of operations were established.
Polymerized type I collagen reduces chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

BACKGROUND Polymerized type I collagen (P-collagen) has been successfully used to reduce human hypertrophic scars due to its anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. We therefore carried out a study to determine if P-collagen reduces functional and structural injury in chronic cyclosporine [cyclosporine A (CsA)] nephropathy. METHODS Four groups of six male Wistar rats fed with a low sodium diet were treated with vehicle, P-collagen (0.8 mg/day, i.p.), CsA (15 mg/kg) or CsA + P-collagen for 15 days. Mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured in all groups. Structural injury such as arteriolopathy, tubulo-interstitial fibrosis (TI-fibrosis) and positive apoptotic cells were quantified. The mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), kidney injury molecule (Kim-1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as MnSOD were assessed. Antioxidant enzyme activity, renal lipoperoxidation and urinary excretion of oxygen peroxide (UH(2)O(2)V) were determined. RESULTS Cyclosporine produced renal dysfunction and induced the development of arteriolopathy, TI-fibrosis and tubular apoptosis. These alterations were associated with increases in TGF-beta, Kim-1 and alpha-SMA mRNA levels as well as with a significant increase of oxidative stress and a reduction of SOD activity. P-Collagen partially ameliorated CsA-induced renal dysfunction and structural injury and prevented both tubular apoptosis and increased oxidative stress. This renoprotective effect was found to be associated with a reduction of TGF-beta, Kim-1 and alpha-SMA mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS This study has therefore demonstrated that P-collagen appears to have anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic properties and highlights the possibility that the compound might be useful in a strategy to reduce chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.
Broadband ultrasonic location systems for improved indoor positioning

Ultrasonic location systems are a popular solution for the provision of fine-grained indoor positioning data. Applications include enhanced routing for wireless networks, computer-aided navigation, and location-sensitive device behavior. However, current ultrasonic location systems suffer from limitations due to their use of narrowband transducers, This paper investigates the use of broadband ultrasound for indoor positioning systems. Broadband ultrasonic transmitter and receiver units have been developed and characterized. The utilization of these units to construct two positioning systems with different architectures serves to highlight and affirm the concrete, practical benefits of broadband ultrasound for locating people and devices indoors.
Near-Optimal Algorithms for the Assortment Planning Problem Under Dynamic Substitution and Stochastic Demand

Assortment planning of substitutable products is a major operational issue that arises in many industries, such as retailing, airlines and consumer electronics. We consider a single-period joint assortment and inventory planning problem under dynamic substitution with stochastic demands, and provide complexity and algorithmic results as well as insightful structural characterizations of near-optimal solutions for important variants of the problem. First, we show that the assortment planning problem is NP-hard even for a very simple consumer choice model, where each customer is willing to buy only two products. In fact, we show that the problem is hard to approximate within a factor better than 1-1/e. Secondly, we show that for several interesting and practical choice models, one can devise a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS), i.e., the problem can be solved efficiently to within any level of accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient algorithm with provably near-optimal performance guarantees for assortment planning problems under dynamic substitution. Quite surprisingly, the algorithm we propose stocks only a constant number of different product types; this constant depends only on the desired accuracy level. This provides an important managerial insight that assortments with a relatively small number of product types can obtain almost all of the potential revenue. Furthermore, we show that our algorithm can be easily adapted for more general choice models, and present numerical experiments to show that it performs significantly better than other known approaches.
An Event-Based Solution to the Perspective-n-Point Problem

The goal of the Perspective-n-Point problem (PnP) is to find the relative pose between an object and a camera from a set of n pairings between 3D points and their corresponding 2D projections on the focal plane. Current state of the art solutions, designed to operate on images, rely on computationally expensive minimization techniques. For the first time, this work introduces an event-based PnP algorithm designed to work on the output of a neuromorphic event-based vision sensor. The problem is formulated here as a least-squares minimization problem, where the error function is updated with every incoming event. The optimal translation is then computed in closed form, while the desired rotation is given by the evolution of a virtual mechanical system whose energy is proven to be equal to the error function. This allows for a simple yet robust solution of the problem, showing how event-based vision can simplify computer vision tasks. The approach takes full advantage of the high temporal resolution of the sensor, as the estimated pose is incrementally updated with every incoming event. Two approaches are proposed: the Full and the Efficient methods. These two methods are compared against a state of the art PnP algorithm both on synthetic and on real data, producing similar accuracy in addition of being faster.
Absence of Dwarf Galaxies at High Redshifts: Evidence from a Galaxy Group

The galaxy group NGC 5044 consists of a luminous giant elliptical galaxy surrounded by a cluster of ~160 low-luminosity and dwarf galaxies, mostly of early type. The cumulative projected radial distribution of dwarf galaxies in the NGC 5044 group, unlike distributions of more luminous galaxies in rich clusters, does not follow a projected dark matter (NFW) profile. A deficiency or absence of low-luminosity galaxies is apparent in NGC 5044 within about 350 kpc. Most of the dwarf galaxies in NGC 5044 entered the virial radius at redshifts z ≲ 2.5(af/0.25), where af = 1/(1 + zf) is the epoch of group formation, and very few entered during redshifts z ≳ 2.5(af/0.25). The peculiar, non-NFW shape of the projected cumulative dwarf galaxy distribution in NGC 5044 within 350 kpc resembles the characteristic cumulative distribution of dark subhalos that are also known to be relatively young. Dynamical friction is unlikely to explain the apparent lack of group member galaxies at small radii in NGC 5044.
The Smooth-Fit Property in an Exponential Lévy Model

We study the smooth-fit property of the American put price with finite maturity in an exponential Lévy model when the underlying stock pays dividends at a continuous rate. As in the perpetual case, a regularity property is sufficient for smooth fit to occur. We also derive conditions on the Lévy measure under which smooth fit fails.
MP16-13 SETD2-MEDIATED LOSS OF MIR-339 PROMOTES TUMOR PD-L1 EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATES ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Immune checkpoint blockade of the inhibitory immune receptors PD-L1, and PD-1 has emerged as a successful treatment strategy for several advanced cancers. Here we demonstrate that SETD2-miR-339 regulates the PD-L1/PD-1 pathways in renal cell cancer. METHODS: Gene expression and correlation were examined by high throughput RNA-Seq. Potential miRNA regulated by SETD2 was examined by miRNA-assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to determine whether SETD2 directly activated the miRNA promoter. Luciferase assay was performed to verify the precise target of miRNA. Vivo optical bioluminescence imaging represent subcutaneous tumor progression in BABL/C mice. RESULTS: Low levels of SETD2 and miR-339 in tumor are negatively correlated with PD-L1 and the progression-free survival of RCC patients. Co-culturing T cells with SETD2 transfected OSRC-2 cells, we found that SETD2 could influence PD-L1 associated T-cell regulator cytokines and apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that SETD2 directly targeting miR-339 promoter, while miR-339 inhibited PD-L1 through direct binding to the 3′-UTR. Restoration of SETD2 and miR-339 expression reverses T cell liveness, which is accompanied by blockage of the PD-L1 immune checkpoint. The synergistic effect of immunotherapy is associated with the proliferation of functional cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and the inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressive cells and regulatory T cells which influence the subcutaneous tumor progression in BABL/C mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggest a biological and functional interaction between PD-L1 and T cell through histone methyltransferase and microRNA regulatory cascade. SETD2 inhibit RCC progression by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint and activating PD-L1 dependent CTLS and reduction regulatory cytokine through a newly identified SETD2-miR-339-PD-L1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81370805, 81470935, 81500534, 81602236, 81670645)
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE LUMINOUS IRAS SOURCE FSC 10214+4724: A GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED INFRARED QUASAR l

With a redshift of 2.3, the IRAS source FSC 10214+4724 is apparently one of the most luminous objects known in the universe. We present an image of FSC 10214+4724 at 0.8 am obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 Planetary Camera. The source appears as an unresolved (< 0'.'06) arc 0':7 long, with significant substructure along its length. The center of curvature of the arc is located near an elliptical galaxy 1':18 to the north. An unresolved component 100 times fainter than the arc is clearly detected on the opposite side of this galaxy. The most straightforward interpretation is that FSC 10214+4724 is gravitationally lensed by the foreground elliptical galaxy, with the faint component a counterimage of the IRAS source. The brightness of the arc in the HST image is then magnified by ~ 100, and the intrinsic source diameter is _0':01 (80 pc) at 0.25 #m rest wavelength. The bolometric luminosity is probably amplified by a smaller factor (_30) as a result of the larger extent expected for the source in the far-infrared. A detailed lensing model is presented that reproduces the observed morphology and relative flux of the arc and counterimage and correctly predicts the position angle of the lensing galaxy. The model also predicts reasonable values for the velocity dispersion, mass, and mass-tolight ratio of the lensing galaxy for a wide range of galaxy redshifts. A redshift for the lensing galaxy of ~0.9 is consistent with the measured surface brightness profile from the image, as well as with the galaxy's spectral energy distribution. The background lensed source has an intrinsic luminosity _2 x 10 t3 L o and remains a highly luminous quasar with an extremely large ratio of infrared to optical/ultraviolet luminosity. Subject headings: gravitational lensing -infrared: galaxies galaxies: individual (FSC 10214+4724)
Controlled stochastic networks in heavy traffic: Convergence of value functions

Scheduling control problems for a family of unitary networks under heavy trac with general interarrival and service times, probabilistic routing and an innite horizon discounted linear holding cost are studied. Diusion control problems, that have been proposed as approximate models for the study of these critically loaded controlled stochastic networks, can be regarded as formal scaling limits of such stochastic systems. However, to date, a rigorous limit theory that justies the use of such approximations for a general family of controlled networks has been lacking. It is shown that, under broad conditions, the value function of the suitably scaled network control problem converges to that of the associated diusion control problem. This scaling limit result, in addition to giving a precise mathematical basis for the above approximation approach, suggests a general strategy for constructing near optimal controls for the physical stochastic networks by solving the associated diusion control problem.
Postprandial Responses to Lipid and Carbohydrate Ingestion in Repeated Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Biopsies in Healthy Adults

Adipose tissue is a primary site of meta-inflammation. Diet composition influences adipose tissue metabolism and a single meal can drive an inflammatory response in postprandial period. This study aimed to examine the effect lipid and carbohydrate ingestion compared with a non-caloric placebo on adipose tissue response. Thirty-three healthy adults (age 24.5 ± 3.3 year (mean ± standard deviation (SD)); body mass index (BMI) 24.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2, were randomised into one of three parallel beverage groups; placebo (water), carbohydrate (maltodextrin) or lipid (dairy-cream). Subcutaneous, abdominal adipose tissue biopsies and serum samples were collected prior to (0 h), as well as 2 h and 4 h after consumption of the beverage. Adipose tissue gene expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased in all three groups, without an increase in circulating TNF-α. Serum leptin (0.6-fold, p = 0.03) and adipose tissue leptin gene expression levels (0.6-fold, p = 0.001) decreased in the hours following the placebo beverage, but not the nutrient beverages. Despite increased inflammatory cytokine gene expression in adipose tissue with all beverages, suggesting a confounding effect of the repeated biopsy method, differences in metabolic responses of adipose tissue and circulating adipokines to ingestion of lipid and carbohydrate beverages were observed.
Interactome-Wide Prediction of Protein-Protein Binding Sites Reveals Effects of Protein Sequence Variation in Arabidopsis thaliana

The specificity of protein-protein interactions is encoded in those parts of the sequence that compose the binding interface. Therefore, understanding how changes in protein sequence influence interaction specificity, and possibly the phenotype, requires knowing the location of binding sites in those sequences. However, large-scale detection of protein interfaces remains a challenge. Here, we present a sequence- and interactome-based approach to mine interaction motifs from the recently published Arabidopsis thaliana interactome. The resultant proteome-wide predictions are available via www.ab. wur.nl/sliderbio and set the stage for further investigations of protein-protein binding sites. To assess our method, we first show that, by using a priori information calculated from protein sequences, such as evolutionary conservation and residue surface accessibility, we improve the performance of interface prediction compared to using only interactome data. Next, we present evidence for the functional importance of the predicted sites, which are under stronger selective pressure than the rest of protein sequence. We also observe a tendency for compensatory mutations in the binding sites of interacting proteins. Subsequently, we interrogated the interactome data to formulate testable hypotheses for the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of protein sequence mutations. Examples include proteins relevant for various developmental processes. Finally, we observed, by analysing pairs of paralogs, a correlation between functional divergence and sequence divergence in interaction sites. This analysis suggests that large-scale prediction of binding sites can cast light on evolutionary processes that shape protein-protein interaction networks.
Neighborhood-Based social capital and life satisfaction: the case of Rotterdam, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the relationship between neighborhood-based social capital and residents’ life satisfaction by considering resident heterogeneity. Using a database of the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands, we find a small but significant positive association between neighborhood-based social capital and individual life satisfaction. However, we also find considerable differences among residents because neighborhood-based social capital is important mainly for people who are more likely to spend considerable time in the neighborhood or who are more neighborhood dependent (i.e. less-educated people, people who live on welfare, people with poor health, retired people, and those who are divorced or widowed). Our results confirm the importance of neighborhood-based social capital for residents’ life satisfaction in terms of both actual social contacts with neighbors and the perceived social cohesion within a neighborhood. At the same time, the importance of neighborhood-based social capital varies among different groups of residents. These findings have important implications for policy-makers.