Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hash semi cascade join for joining multi-way map reduce

Map-reduce is a programming model popularized by Google since 2004. It's used with large-scale datasets and processing data on a shared-nothing cluster. Map-Reduce accomplish high performance by partitioning the processes into small units of work that can run in parallel across thousands of nodes in the cluster. Rapidly, increasing in data size has risen importance to uncover hidden pattern to acquire new knowledge and get valuable information. But, map-reduce doesn't directly support join operation. This paper discusses some types of two-way algorithms, list some advantage and disadvantage of every algorithms. We propose a new multi - way join algorithm hash semi cascade join used to join more than two data sets. Using hash tables in the first phase, deleting unused records for joint operation as early as possible to reduce network bottleneck and increase performance. We compare this new algorithm with some types of multi-way join like map side join, reduce side one shot join and reduce side cascade join. Our experimental results show that the map side join has more time for sorting data and do join result with small data sets with high performance but, time increase while data are increased. Reduce side one shot join has join result near map side join. Reduce side cascade join get more time to get the final result. Hash semi cascade join gain high performance using hash tables. According to, reduce shuffling records as in reduce side one shot and reduce side cascade join it can do join for any data set size. As well, using a hash table doesn't effect in memory size.
Cannabidiol Mitigates Opioid Reward On Conditioned Place Preference In Mice

ABSTRACT This study sought to determine whether the cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD), is able to attenuate morphine reward in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice received IP injections of either saline or morphine and increasing doses of CBD that were paired with a distinct environment in the CPP apparatus. Morphine-produced place preference was dose-dependently blocked by CBD. Furthermore, none of the tested doses of CBD exhibited reward or aversion. The finding that CBD blocks opioid reward suggests CBD may be useful as an abuse deterrent, particularly in the setting of opioid use for pain management.
Seasonality and Locality Affect the Diversity of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii Midgut Microbiota from Ghana

Symbiotic bacteria can have important implications in the development and competence of disease vectors. In Anopheles mosquitoes, the composition of the midgut microbiota is largely influenced by the larval breeding site, but the exact factors shaping this composition are currently unknown. Here, we examined whether the proximity to urban areas and seasons have an impact on the midgut microbial community of the two major malaria vectors in Africa, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae. Larvae and pupae were collected from selected habitats in two districts of Ghana during the dry and rainy season periods. The midgut microbiota of adults that emerged from these collections was determined by 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA. We show that in both mosquito species, Shewanellaceae constituted on average of 54% and 73% of the midgut microbiota from each site in the dry and rainy season, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae was found in comparatively low abundance below 1% in 22/30 samples in the dry season, and in 25/38 samples in the rainy season. Our data indicate that seasonality and locality significantly affect both the diversity of microbiota and the relative abundance of bacterial families with a positive impact of dry season and peri-urban settings.
Cooperative prefetching: compiler and hardware support for effective instruction prefetching in modern processors

Instruction cache miss latency is becoming an increasingly important performance bottleneck, especially for commercial applications. Although instruction prefetching is an attractive technique for tolerating this latency, we find that existing prefetching schemes are insufficient for modern superscalar processors since they fail to issue prefetches early enough (particularly for non-sequential accesses). To overcome these limitations, we propose a new instruction prefetching technique whereby the hardware and software cooperate to hide the latency as follows. The hardware performs aggressive sequential prefetching combined with a novel prefetch filtering mechanism to allow it to get far ahead without polluting the cache. To hide the latency of non-sequential accesses, we propose and implement a novel compiler algorithm which automatically inserts instruction prefetch instructions into the executable to prefetch the targets of control transfers far enough in advance. Our experimental results demonstrate that this new approach results in speedups ranging from 9.4% to 18.5% (13.3% on average) over the original execution time on an out-of-order superscalar processor; which is more than double the average speedup of the best existing schemes (6.5%). This is accomplished by hiding an average of 71% of the original instruction stall time, compared with only 36% for the best existing schemes. We find that both the prefetch filtering and compiler-inserted prefetching components of our design are essential and complementary, that the compiler can limit the code expansion to less than 10% on average, and that our scheme is robust with respect to variations in miss latency and bandwidth.
Clinical Application of Motor Imagery Training

Motor imagery training is applied to a rehabilitation program based on previous studies regarding neuroscience and behavioral science. Motor imagery training is useful because it can be applied to almost all patients in clinical settings. However, because motor imag‐ ery training has some shortcoming, clinicians need to consider its shortcoming. The objec‐ tive of this chapter is to promote understanding about using motor imagery effectively.
Students’ experiences of the transition from primary to secondary school

There are many discontinuities between primary and secondary school and children have to manage these as part of the transition process. This process has been found to be problematic across culture, resulting in a downturn in educational achievement for almost all children in the short term and for a sizeable minority in the long term (Galton, Gray & Ruddock, 1999). There are no consistent explanations for this phenomenon in the psychological literature. It has been attributed to normative changes in adolescence as well as to wider contextual factors. Much of the research has started with an assumption of what the problems may be and so explanations focus on these assumptions. This research aimed to allow the experiences and feelings of the subjects of the transition (the students) to emerge by employing a qualitative design. These data are then used as a basis for theorising about transition. Following Vygotskian notions of learning and ecological models of development (Bronfenbrenner, 1999) the importance of relationships in the learning environment are discussed and the implications of these for the organisation of the education system and the process of classroom management are explored.
Prentice Award Lecture 2010: A Case for Peripheral Optical Treatment Strategies for Myopia

It is well established that refractive development is regulated by visual feedback. However, most optical treatment strategies designed to reduce myopia progression have not produced the desired results, primarily because some of our assumptions concerning the operating characteristics of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate refractive development have been incorrect. In particular, because of the prominence of central vision in primates, it has generally been assumed that signals from the fovea determine the effects of vision on refractive development. However, experiments in laboratory animals demonstrate that ocular growth and emmetropization are mediated by local retinal mechanisms and that foveal vision is not essential for many vision-dependent aspects of refractive development. However, the peripheral retina, in isolation, can effectively regulate emmetropization and mediate many of the effects of vision on the eye's refractive status. Moreover, when there are conflicting visual signals between the fovea and the periphery, peripheral vision can dominate refractive development. The overall pattern of results suggests that optical treatment strategies for myopia that take into account the effects of peripheral vision are likely to be more successful than strategies that effectively manipulate only central vision.
Towards Wearability in Fingertip Haptics: A 3-DoF Wearable Device for Cutaneous Force Feedback

Wearability will significantly increase the use of haptics in everyday life, as has already happened for audio and video technologies. The literature on wearable haptics is mainly focused on vibrotactile stimulation, and only recently, wearable devices conveying richer stimuli, like force vectors, have been proposed. This paper introduces design guidelines for wearable haptics and presents a novel 3-DoF wearable haptic interface able to apply force vectors directly to the fingertip. It consists of two platforms: a static one, placed on the back of the finger, and a mobile one, responsible for applying forces at the finger pad. The structure of the device resembles that of parallel robots, where the fingertip is placed in between the static and the moving platforms. This work presents the design of the wearable display, along with the quasi-static modeling of the relationship between the applied forces and the platform's orientation and displacement. The device can exert up to 1.5 N, with a maximum platform inclination of 30 degree. To validate the device and verify its effectiveness, a curvature discrimination experiment was carried out: employing the wearable device together with a popular haptic interface improved the performance with respect of employing the haptic interface alone.
Multicell Optimization for Diversity and Interference Mitigation

We study diversity and interference mitigation with an emphasis on the interaction between the transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) pairs in a two-user, two-cell system in which the performance at each Rx depends on the actions of the both desired and the interfering Txs. We will propose two techniques. The first scheme is a greedy or competitive algorithm in which each Tx-Rx pair employs an orthogonal space-time (ST) block code combined with a multimode beamformer (a generalized ST code) to minimize the error probability to its own Rx till an equilibrium is reached. The second scheme is a cooperative algorithm, also based on a generalized ST code in which each Tx-Rx pair minimizes its error probability at its desired Rx but cooperates by limiting the amount of interference to the second pair's Rx. We will model and characterize the equilibrium of the competitive scheme (called the Nash equlibrium). We will then show that by using the cooperative algorithm, it is possible to find Pareto dominant actions where both Tx-Rx pairs either equal or improve their performance when compared with the NE actions. We will analyze the conditions for Pareto dominance of the cooperative scheme and finally demonstrate the performance improvements of both schemes over the single Tx-Rx pair generalized ST code.
Congenital missing permanent teeth in Korean unilateral cleft lip and alveolus and unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences in the congenital missing teeth pattern in terms of tooth type (permanent maxillary lateral incisor [MLI] and maxillary second premolar [MSP]) and sidedness (cleft vs noncleft) between boys and girls in Korean unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used the charts, models, radiographs, and intraoral photographs of 90 UCLA patients and 204 UCLP patients (ages 6 to 13 years). Binomial test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, maximum likelihood analysis of variance, and the odds ratio were performed. RESULTS According to the relationship between the congenital missing teeth pattern and the cleft type, the UCLP patients had 2.98 times more missing MLIs and 1.80 times more missing MSPs than did the UCLA patients. The MLI was congenitally missing more in boys than in girls, but the MSP showed the opposite tendency. Boys had a higher frequency of congenital missing MLIs and MSPs on the cleft side than did girls. However, on the noncleft side and both sides, girls had a higher frequency of congenital missing MLIs and MSPs than did boys. Results showed a gender-dominant pattern of congenital missing MLIs and MSPs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that gender and cleft type might affect the congenital missing teeth pattern in terms of tooth type and sidedness.
The Impact of Social Comparisons on Ultimatum Bargaining

We use a laboratory experiment to investigate the impact of social comparisons on ultimatum bargaining. Three individuals compete in a real-e¤ort task for the role of the proposer in an ultimatum game. The proposer makes a single takeit-or-leave-it o¤er to the responder which, if rejected, leads to zero earnings for both parties. The role of the responder is randomly allocated to one of the other two subjects. The third individual the non-responder receives a commonly known xed payment and makes no decision. We nd that the existence of a non-responder and the payment she receives have a dramatic e¤ect on bargaining outcomes. In some cases the presence of a non-responder increases rejection rates by more than 45 percentage points. Behavior suggests that individuals exhibit self-serving bias in the way they de ne their reference groups. JEL Classi cation: C78, C91, D63
HIF-1 Modulates Dietary Restriction-Mediated Lifespan Extension via IRE-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in various species and also slows the onset of age-related diseases. Previous studies from flies and yeast have demonstrated that the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is essential for longevity phenotypes resulting from DR. TOR is a conserved protein kinase that regulates growth and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors. While some of the downstream targets of TOR have been implicated in regulating lifespan, it is still unclear whether additional targets of this pathway also modulate lifespan. It has been shown that the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the targets of the TOR pathway in mammalian cells. HIF-1 is a transcription factor complex that plays key roles in oxygen homeostasis, tumor formation, glucose metabolism, cell survival, and inflammatory response. Here, we describe a novel role for HIF-1 in modulating lifespan extension by DR in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that HIF-1 deficiency results in extended lifespan, which overlaps with that by inhibition of the RSKS-1/S6 kinase, a key component of the TOR pathway. Using a modified DR method based on variation of bacterial food concentrations on solid agar plates, we find that HIF-1 modulates longevity in a nutrient-dependent manner. The hif-1 loss-of-function mutant extends lifespan under rich nutrient conditions but fails to show lifespan extension under DR. Conversely, a mutation in egl-9, which increases HIF-1 activity, diminishes the lifespan extension under DR. This deficiency is rescued by tissue-specific expression of egl-9 in specific neurons and muscles. Increased lifespan by hif-1 or DR is dependent on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulator inositol-requiring protein-1 (IRE-1) and is associated with lower levels of ER stress. Therefore, our results demonstrate a tissue-specific role for HIF-1 in the lifespan extension by DR involving the IRE-1 ER stress pathway.
Direct and indirect effects of leptin on preadipocyte development

Leptin has been shown to reduce body fat in vivo. Adipocytes express the leptin receptor, so it is realistic to expect a direct effect of leptin on adipocyte growth and metabolism. However, in vitro studies examining the effect of leptin on adipocyte metabolism require supraphysiologic doses of the protein to see a decrease in lipogenesis or stimulation of lipolysis, implying an indirect action of leptin. It is also possible that leptin reduces adipose mass by inhibiting preadipocyte proliferation (increase in cell number) and/or differentiation (lipid filling). Thus, we determined direct and indirect effects of leptin on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro. We determined the effect of leptin (0-500 ng/ml), serum from leptin infused rats (0.25% by volume), and adipose conditioned media from leptin infused rats (0-30% by volume) on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation in a primary culture of cells from male Sprague-Dawley rat adipose tissue. Leptin (50 ng/ml) stimulated proliferation of preadipocytes, but 250 and 500 ng leptin/ml inhibited proliferation of both preadipocyte and stromal vascular fractions, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Serum from leptin infused rats inhibited proliferation of the adipose (p< 0.06) and stromal vascular (p< 0.05) fractions, but conditioned media had no effect on proliferation of either cell fraction. None of the treatments changed preadipocyte differentiation as measured by GPDH activity. These results suggest that leptin could inhibit preadipocyte proliferation by modifying release of a factor from tissue other than adipose tissue.
High incidence of supernumerary nipples and twins in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) At Mt. Longevity, Taiwan

A population of Formosan macaques at Mt. Longevity exhibits an unusually high incidence of supernumerary nipples (polythelia: between 1–6 accessory nipples and/or areolae on 33% of adults), as well as a high rate of twinning (about 1% of births). The coexistence of these unusual traits suggests a connection, which is further supported by a tendency for mothers of twins to have accessory nipples and for twins to be born in troops with high incidence of polythelia. Am. J. Primatol. 52:199–205, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Which is more effective in introducing Chinese characters? An investigative study of four methods used to teach CFL beginners

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of a study investigating four teaching methods used to introduce Chinese characters to beginner learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) in an Irish secondary school between September 2016 and October 2016. Approximately 98 learners aged 14–16 were divided into four groups and taught for two one-hour classes per week. Three groups were taught via rote memorisation (RM), delayed character introduction (DCI) or character colour-coding (CCC), respectively. The fourth (control) group was taught using a unity curriculum approach, focusing on skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking. Two formative evaluations conducted after four weeks and eight weeks assessed development in character recall and recognition, and ability to use characters in written exercises. Preliminary analysis reveals that RM seems to be most effective for short-term memorising of Chinese characters. CCC tends to be useful in acquiring character tone. DCI, although often deemed effective in assisting learners’ pronunciation and use of Chinese, did not show significant positive effect in this study. Similarly, the Control group, despite performing slightly better with character use, did not show significant positive effect in this study.
Recommendation Technologies for Configurable Products

State of the art recommender systems support users in the selection of items from a predefined assortment (for example, movies, books, and songs). In contrast to an explicit definition of each individual item, configurable products such as computers, financial service portfolios, and cars are repre¬sented in the form of a configuration knowledge base that describes the properties of allowed instances. Although the knowledge representation used is different compared to non-confi¬gurable products, the decision support requirements remain the same: users have to be supported in finding a solution that fits their wishes and needs. In this article we show how recommendation technologies can be applied for supporting the configuration of products. In addition to existing approaches we discuss relevant issues for future research.
Meta-analysis of Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) Approach Implementation in Learning Procces

The results of tracer studies on the approach of Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) or environment exploring learning has been detected is used in eight provinces in Indonesia and studied in the learning begin primary school to college. Then, how the effectiveness of the implementation of the JAS approach in improving the learning process. This study uses meta-analysis-data in the form of descriptive exploratory qualitative. Data was taken from the various thesis, and research faculty in the last 10 years. Data analysis was performed by calculating the percentage of the same findings for similar problems. The results showed a wide range of studies using different methods and approach such as qualitative descriptive, quasi-experimental, PTK and R and D to produce evidence that the approach JAS effective when applied in teaching, especially teaching biology in a variety of teaching materials. Various studies have shown the approach JAS managed to increase learning outcomes, can differentiate learning outcomes between treatment and control groups in which the treatment group had a mean score higher. Models/strategies/methods centered learning students are very relevant to implementation approach JAS making it seem more real, like a model of cooperative learning, think pair share, strategy role-playing, the investigation group, learning cycle 5e, hands-on activity, and so on, making it possible to continuously assessed and developed in the paradigm of competency-based curriculum developed.
Multiple determinants of affluent parents' perceived parental competence

A noticeable gap exists regarding the lack of research on affluent parents, especially concerning what factors contribute to the perceived parental competence of affluent parents with adolescent and emerging adult children. Therefore, this study draws upon the bioecological theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1988) to provide a conceptual understanding of the processes of development that occur through reciprocal interactions between affluent parents and their contexts. This conceptual understanding of processes was specifically examined through the determinants of parenting model (Belsky, 1984) using structural equation modeling with fullinformation maximum likelihood estimates. Affluent parents’ family of origin supportive parenting, family of origin harsh parenting, personal well-being, social networks, and child characteristics were related to their perceived parental competence. Neither the parenting alliance nor hours worked for pay each week were related to perceived parental competence. Additionally, neither the parenting alliance, social networks, nor work mediated the relationship between personal well-being and perceived parental competence. Implications for future research and practice are offered. INDEX WORDS: Parenting; Perceived Parental Competence; Affluence; Adolescence; Emerging Adult MULTIPLE DETERMINANTS OF AFFLUENT PARENTS’ PERCEIVED PARENTAL COMPETENCE