Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GALACTIC DYNAMICS VIA GENERAL RELATIVITY: A COMPILATION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

We consider the consequences of applying general relativity to the description of the dynamics of a galaxy, given the observed flattened rotation curves. The galaxy is modeled as a stationary axially symmetric pressure-free fluid. In spite of the weak gravitational field and the nonrelativistic source velocities, the mathematical system is still seen to be nonlinear. It is shown that the rotation curves for various galaxies as examples are consistent with the mass density distributions of the visible matter within essentially flattened disks. This obviates the need for a massive halo of exotic dark matter. We determine that the mass density for the luminous threshold as tracked in the radial direction is 10-21.75kg · m-3 for these galaxies and conjecture that this will be the case for other galaxies yet to be analyzed. We present a velocity dispersion test to determine the extent, if of any significance, of matter that may lie beyond the visible/HI region. This is determined by examining the rotation curves at different galactic latitudes, bringing into consideration the global dynamical structure of the galaxy. The demand for global consistency applies not only to our own but also to all proposed models and theories. Various comments and criticisms from colleagues are addressed.
Linear-time generation of specifiable combinatorial structures: general theory and first examples

Various specifiable combinatorial structures, with d extensive parameters, can be exactly sampled both by the recursive method, with linear arithmetic complexity if a heavy preprocessing is performed, or by the Boltzmann method, with average complexity �(n 1+d/2 ). We discuss a modified recursive method, crucially based on the asymptotic expansion of the associated saddle-point integrals, which can be adopted for a large number of such structures (e.g. partitions, permutations, lattice walks, trees, random graphs, all with a variety of prescribed statistics and/or constraints). The new algorithm requires no preprocessing, still it has linear complexity on average. In terms of bit complexity, instead of the arithmetic one, we only have extra logarithmic factors. For many families of structures, this provides, at our knowledge, the only known quasi-linear generators. We present the general theory, and detail a specific example: the partitions of n elements into k non-empty blocks, counted by the Stirling numbers of the second kind. These objects are involved in the exact sampling of minimal automata with prescribed alphabet size and number
Translation Invariant Word Embeddings

This work focuses on the task of finding latent vector representations of the words in a corpus. In particular, we address the issue of what to do when there are multiple languages in the corpus. Prior work has, among other techniques, used canonical correlation analysis to project pre-trained vectors in two languages into a common space. We propose a simple and scalable method that is inspired by the notion that the learned vector representations should be invariant to translation between languages. We show empirically that our method outperforms prior work on multilingual tasks, matches the performance of prior work on monolingual tasks, and scales linearly with the size of the input data (and thus the number of languages being embedded).
Horizontal and vertical distribution of the appendicularian community and population structure in the Bering and Chukchi Seas during the summer of 2007

The horizontal and vertical distributions of the appendicularian community and the population structure of dominant species in the southeastern and northern Bering Sea shelf and the Chukchi Sea were studied during the summer of 2007. The feeding impact was also calculated and the results were compared with those found in 1983-1996. Oikopleura vanhoeffeni was the dominant species in this region and stage I specimens with small tail lengths ( : TL < 2 mm) dominated the population. The mean daily clearance rate was 16.4 ml ind. day, which corresponded to a population daily clearance rate in the water column of 0.003-25.5% day. The dominance of stage I and specimens with a small TL suggest that the main spawning of O. vanhoeffeni occurred before summer in 2007. Large-sized individuals (TL > 14 mm) dominated in 1983-1996 and, considering the generation length of O. vanhoeffeni (ca. one year), the main spawning of O. vanhoeffeni would not have occurred before summer from 1983-1996. In 2007, O. vanhoeffeni are considered to have spawned earlier because newly recruited small individuals are more abundant. Recently, the timing of the sea ice retreat is becoming earlier in this region, and the fastest ice-free timing was reported in 2007. Earlier sea ice retreat may induce an altered timing of primary production and other biological phenology. Thus, the early spawning of O. vanhoeffeni in 2007 may result in the dominance of smaller specimens observed in that year.
Centrifugal separation of irradiated cultures of Escherichia coli cells into viable and nonviable populations

Incubation of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli B/r cultures with 0.7% Triton X-100 resulted in a large decrease in turbidity. Under phase-contrast optics, most of the irradiated detergent-treated cells were smaller than normal and of low phase density; only a small percentage were normal or larger than normal and of normal phase density. Irradiated cells not treated with detergent showed fewer pronounced morphological changes. Irradiated cells treated with detergent lost large amounts of proteins and ribonucleic acid, but not of deoxyribonucleic acid. Such cultures could be separated by centrifugation into populations of (i) slowly sedimenting cells consisting of small, phase-light cells of low viability and (ii) large cells of normal phase density and high viability (100%). A similar separation was effected in gamma-irradiated cultures.
Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors

Previous attempts to identify a unified theory of brain serotonin function have largely failed to achieve consensus. In this present synthesis, we integrate previous perspectives with new and older data to create a novel bipartite model centred on the view that serotonin neurotransmission enhances two distinct adaptive responses to adversity, mediated in large part by its two most prevalent and researched brain receptors: the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. We propose that passive coping (i.e. tolerating a source of stress) is mediated by postsynaptic 5-HT1AR signalling and characterised by stress moderation. Conversely, we argue that active coping (i.e. actively addressing a source of stress) is mediated by 5-HT2AR signalling and characterised by enhanced plasticity (defined as capacity for change). We propose that 5-HT1AR-mediated stress moderation may be the brain’s default response to adversity but that an improved ability to change one’s situation and/or relationship to it via 5-HT2AR-mediated plasticity may also be important – and increasingly so as the level of adversity reaches a critical point. We propose that the 5-HT1AR pathway is enhanced by conventional 5-HT reuptake blocking antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), whereas the 5-HT2AR pathway is enhanced by 5-HT2AR-agonist psychedelics. This bipartite model purports to explain how different drugs (SSRIs and psychedelics) that modulate the serotonergic system in different ways, can achieve complementary adaptive and potentially therapeutic outcomes.
Health Care Outcomes, Malnutrition and Food Security in Southern Africa Development Community: A Quantile Regression Approach

The study analyzed the linkages among food security, nutrition and health care outcomes within the SADC regional bloc for the period 1991 to 2016. The study employed panel OLS and quantile regression analysis and the latter provided more informative findings that would culminate in the development of effective policies to deal with problems of infant mortality. Specifically, the study showed that population growth and malnutrition have a positive and significant effect on infant mortality across the entire distribution. The effect of investment in fixed capital and economic development is significant at higher quantiles. There is a non-linear relationship between infant mortality and population growth. Food security has no effect on infant mortality rate across the entire distribution and these results are consistent with those found using panel OLS. Robust results using quantile regression show that the sensitivity of infant mortality to each variable remains the same, statistically, but the magnitude or effect increases in higher quantiles. The study showed potential parameter heterogeneity across countries with implications for estimating the wider effects of mortality for a policy shock that may have unequal effects across the distribution. Properly developed policies should have a differentiated approach in influencing the rate of infant mortality in member states.
Spatio-Temporal Alignment of Sequences

This paper studies the problem of sequence-to-sequence alignment, namely, establishing correspondences in time and in space between two different video sequences of the same dynamic scene. The sequences are recorded by uncalibrated video cameras which are either stationary or jointly moving, with fixed (but unknown) internal parameters and relative intercamera external parameters. Temporal variations between image frames (such as moving objects or changes in scene illumination) are powerful cues for alignment, which cannot be exploited by standard image-to-image alignment techniques. We show that, by folding spatial and temporal cues into a single alignment framework, situations which are inherently ambiguous for traditional image-to-image alignment methods, are often uniquely resolved by sequence-to-sequence alignment. Furthermore, the ability to align and integrate information across multiple video sequences both in time and in space gives rise to new video applications that are not possible when only image-to-image alignment is used.
- 1-Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from extinct and extant rhinoceroses reveals lack of phylogenetic resolution

Eske Willerslev (ewillerslev@bio.ku.dk) Marcus Gilbert (mtpgilbert@gmail.com) Jonas Binladen (jbinladen@gmail.com) Simon Ho (simon.ho@anu.edu.au) Paula Campos (pcampos@bi.ku.dk) Aakrosh Ratan (ratan@cse.psu.edu) Lynn Tomsho (lap153@psu.edu) Rute da Fonseca (rute.r.da.fonseca@gmail.com) Andrei Sher (mtpgilbert@gmail.com) Tatanya Kuznetsova (tatkuz@orc.ru) Malgosia Nowak-Kemp (malgosia.nowak-kemp@oum.ox.ac.uk) Terri Roth (terri.roth@cincinnatizoo.org) Webb Miller (webb@bx.psu.edu) Stephan Schuster (scs@bx.psu.edu)
Antioxidant enzyme expression and reactive oxygen species damage in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer

Oxidative stress results in damage to cellular structures and has been linked to many diseases, including cancer. The authors sought to determine whether the expression of three major antioxidant enzymes, copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and catalase, was altered in human prostate carcinoma and its likely precursor, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The level of reactive oxygen species damage was evaluated by measuring the expression of the DNA adduct 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine.
ISL-1 promotes pancreatic islet cell proliferation by forming an ISL-1/Set7/9/PDX-1 complex

Islet-1 (ISL-1), a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, has been recently found to be essential for promoting postnatal pancreatic islet proliferation. However, the detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which ISL-1 promotes β-cell proliferation through regulation of CyclinD1 in HIT-T15 and NIT-1 cells, as well in rat islet mass. Our results provide the evidence that ISL-1 promotes adult pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation by activating CyclinD1 transcription through cooperation with Set7/9 and PDX-1 to form an ISL-1/Set7/9/PDX-1 complex. This complex functions in an ISL-1-dependent manner, with Set7/9 functioning not only as a histone methyltransferase, which increases the histone H3K4 tri-methylation of the CyclinD1 promoter region, but also an adaptor to bridge ISL-1 and PDX-1, while PDX-1 functions as a RNA pol II binding modulator. Furthermore, the formation of the ISL-1/Set7/9/PDX-1 complex is positively associated with insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment in NIT and HIT-T15 cells in vitro, while may be negatively correlated with age in vivo.
Mining, Pollution and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Ghana

Most modern mines in the developing world are located in rural areas, where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. This creates the potential of negative spillovers to farmers through competition for key inputs (such as land) and environmental pollution. To explore this issue, we examine the case of gold mining in Ghana. Through the estimation of an agricultural production function using household level data, we find that mining has reduced agricultural productivity by almost 40%. This result is driven by polluting mines, not by input availability. Because of its crowding out effects on agriculture, we find that the mining activity is associated with an increase in poverty, child malnutrition and respiratory diseases. A simple cost-benefit analysis shows that the fiscal contribution of mining would not have been enough to compensate affected populations.
Regular Paper

Effect of fluctuating conditions of sun drying on the spoilage microbes, non protein nitrogenous substances and lipids of the freshly caught Bombay duck during drying and the final dried Bombay duck (Harpodon neherius) were studied. Efforts were made to reduce the deteriorative changes during sundrying and storage by artificial drying at 45C and packing in polyethylene pouches. Rate of increase of free fatty acids, trimethylamaine nitrogen and total volatile bases can be reduced by drying in artificial dryer at 45C. Even though there was no difference in the rate of increase of peroxide value in either artificial drying or sundrying, formation of peroxides can only be reduced by reducing the drying period. Freshly caught sundried fish was found unfit for human consumption at the end of the sundring and remained so during storage but artificial dried fish was found acceptable till two months of storage.  2008 Trade Science Inc. INDIA Regular Paper
The Relationship between Morphological and Behavioral Mimicry in Hover Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Palatable (Batesian) mimics of unprofitable models could use behavioral mimicry to compensate for the ease with which they can be visually discriminated or to augment an already close morphological resemblance. We evaluated these contrasting predictions by assaying the behavior of 57 field-caught species of mimetic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and quantifying their morphological similarity to a range of potential hymenopteran models. A purpose-built phylogeny for the hover flies was used to control for potential lack of independence due to shared evolutionary history. Those hover fly species that engage in behavioral mimicry (mock stinging, leg waving, wing wagging) were all large wasp mimics within the genera Spilomyia and Temnostoma. While the behavioral mimics assayed were good morphological mimics, not all good mimics were behavioral mimics. Therefore, while the behaviors may have evolved to augment good morphological mimicry, they do not advantage all good mimics.
An Inverse Power Method for Nonlinear Eigenproblems with Applications in 1-Spectral Clustering and Sparse PCA

Many problems in machine learning and statistics can be formulated as (generalized) eigenproblems. In terms of the associated optimization problem, computing linear eigenvectors amounts to finding critical points of a quadratic function subject to quadratic constraints. In this paper we show that a certain class of constrained optimization problems with nonquadratic objective and constraints can be understood as nonlinear eigenproblems. We derive a generalization of the inverse power method which is guaranteed to converge to a nonlinear eigenvector. We apply the inverse power method to 1-spectral clustering and sparse PCA which can naturally be formulated as nonlinear eigenproblems. In both applications we achieve state-of-the-art results in terms of solution quality and runtime. Moving beyond the standard eigenproblem should be useful also in many other applications and our inverse power method can be easily adapted to new problems.
Fish and Marine Omega-3 Polyunsatured Fatty Acid Consumption and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. To examine the association between fish and marine long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n-3 PUFA) consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in prospective cohort studies. Methods. Meta-analytic procedures were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) using random effects or fixed effects generic inverse variance model. Publication bias and study heterogeneity were assessed using Egger's test and I2 statistic. Results. We found no significant association between the intake of fish/seafood (pooled RR: 1.04; P = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.2, 549, 955 participants) or marine LC n-3 PUFA (pooled RR: 1.08, P = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.30, 346, 710 participants) and T2D risk. Significant study heterogeneity was observed in fish/seafood and marine LC n-3 PUFA studies (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed no obvious sources for high heterogeneity. We also found a significant protective effect of oily fish intake on T2D risk (pooled RR = 0.89, P = 0.005, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.96). Dose-response analysis suggested that every 80 g per day intake of oily fish may reduce 20% risk of T2D. Conclusion. We found no significant effect of fish/seafood or marine LC n-3 PUFA intake on risk of T2D but a significant effect of oily fish intake on risk of T2D.
Tunicamycin Depresses P-Glycoprotein Glycosylation Without an Effect on Its Membrane Localization and Drug Efflux Activity in L1210 Cells

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), also known as ABCB1, is a member of the ABC transporter family of proteins. P-gp is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump that is localized to the plasma membrane of mammalian cells and confers multidrug resistance in neoplastic cells. P-gp is a 140-kDa polypeptide that is glycosylated to a final molecular weight of 170 kDa. Our experimental model used two variants of L1210 cells in which overexpression of P-gp was achieved: either by adaptation of parental cells (S) to vincristine (R) or by transfection with the human gene encoding P-gp (T). R and T cells were found to differ from S cells in transglycosylation reactions in our recent studies. The effects of tunicamycin on glycosylation, drug efflux activity and cellular localization of P-gp in R and T cells were examined in the present study. Treatment with tunicamycin caused less concentration-dependent cellular damage to R and T cells compared with S cells. Tunicamycin inhibited P-gp N-glycosylation in both of the P-gp-positive cells. However, tunicamycin treatment did not alter either the P-gp cellular localization to the plasma membrane or the P-gp transport activity. The present paper brings evidence that independently on the mode of P-gp expression (selection with drugs or transfection with a gene encoding P-gp) in L1210 cells, tunicamycin induces inhibition of N-glycosylation of this protein, without altering its function as plasma membrane drug efflux pump.
Stereotype, Prejudice And Social Distance In Multiethnic Society

Social harmony is embodied condition of their togetherness, shared values, shared expectations prevailing in social life. In that context, the symbol of interaction used to understand the process of how individuals primarily from various ethnic interpreted and give meaning to the symbols concerning the events and situations in everyday life interaction. In the process of inter-ethnic interaction, individuals influenced by their perceptions of other ethnic groups. The elements in the concept of the interaction of these perceptions are stereotypes, prejudices, and social distance. These three aspects are mental-creative dimensions and the basis of the ongoing process of interaction of quality and sustainable. Stereotyping is often also called "labeling" or a character attribute attached to something individuals, groups, ethnic, and tend to be negative. A consequence of prejudice arises from the stereotype. For example, the Javanese has a stereotype as a polite person, Makassar people considered character hard. These stereotypes born of prejudice, such as ethnic Java will prejudice soft polite when talking while ethnic Makassar prejudice speaks loudly. This condition raises two distinct social distances, for example to the Javanese tend to be more approachable because of his "bad" to be heard over the ethnic Makassar.
Opaque Control-Flow Integrity

—A new binary software randomization and Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) enforcement system is presented, which is the ﬁrst to efﬁciently resist code-reuse attacks launched by informed adversaries who possess full knowledge of the in-memory code layout of victim programs. The defense mitigates a recent wave of implementation disclosure attacks , by which adversaries can exﬁltrate in-memory code details in order to prepare code-reuse attacks (e.g., Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks) that bypass ﬁne-grained randomization defenses. Such implementation-aware attacks defeat traditional ﬁne-grained randomization by undermining its assumption that the randomized locations of abusable code gadgets remain secret. Opaque CFI (O-CFI) overcomes this weakness through a novel combination of ﬁne-grained code-randomization and coarse-grained control-ﬂow integrity checking. It conceals the graph of hijackable control-ﬂow edges even from attackers who can view the complete stack, heap, and binary code of the victim process. For maximal efﬁciency, the integrity checks are implemented using instructions that will soon be hardware-accelerated on commodity x86-x64 processors. The approach is highly practical since it does not require a modiﬁed compiler and can protect legacy binaries without access to source code. Experiments using our fully functional prototype implementation show that O-CFI provides signiﬁcant probabilistic protection against ROP attacks launched by adversaries with complete code layout knowledge, and exhibits only 4.7% mean performance overhead on current hardware (with further overhead reductions to follow on forth-coming Intel processors).