Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The specific-word frequency effect: implications for the representation of homophones in speech production.

In a series of experiments, the authors investigated whether naming latencies for homophones (e.g., /nlambdan/) are a function of specific-word frequency (i.e., the frequency of nun) or a function of cumulative-homophone frequency (i.e., the sum of the frequencies of nun and none). Specific-word but not cumulative-homophone frequency affected picture-naming latencies. This result was obtained in 2 languages (English and Chinese). An analogous finding was obtained in a translation task, where bilingual speakers produced the English names of visually presented Spanish words. Control experiments ruled out that these results are an artifact of orthographic or articulatory factors, or of visual recognition. The results argue against the hypothesis that homophones share a common word-form representation, and support instead a model in which homophones have fully independent representations.
Synaptic and Cellular Properties of the Feedforward Inhibitory Circuit within the Input Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex

Precise representation of the timing of sensory stimuli is essential for rapid motor coordination, a core function of the cerebellum. Feedforward inhibition has been implicated in precise temporal signaling in several regions of the brain, but little is known about this type of inhibitory circuit within the input layer of the cerebellar cortex. We investigated the synaptic properties of feedforward inhibition at near physiological temperatures (35°C) in rat cerebellar slices. We establish that the previously uncharacterized mossy fiber–Golgi cell–granule cell pathway can act as a functional feedforward inhibitory circuit. The synchronous activation of four mossy fibers, releasing a total of six quanta onto a Golgi cell, can reset spontaneous Golgi cell firing with high temporal precision (200 μs). However, only modest increases in Golgi cell firing rate were observed during trains of high-frequency mossy fiber stimulation. This decoupling of Golgi cell activity from mossy fiber firing rate was attributable to a strong afterhyperpolarization after each action potential, preventing mossy fiber–Golgi cell signaling for ∼50 ms. Feedforward excitation of Golgi cells induced a temporally precise inhibitory conductance in granule cells that curtailed the excitatory action of the mossy fiber EPSC. The synaptic and cellular properties of this feedforward circuit appear tuned to trigger a fast inhibitory conductance in granule cells at the onset of stimuli that produce intense bursts of activity in multiple mossy fibers, thereby conserving the temporal precision of the initial granule cell response.
Exploring Assessment and Accountability for Children's Learning: A Case Study of a Hong Kong Preschool

Research Findings: Assessment and accountability have been given prominent attention in the field of education in recent decades. Educators have been debating what assessment is, how it is practiced in school, and how it is used for accountability purposes. A case study was conducted of the assessment practices in a Hong Kong preschool to understand the issues of assessment and accountability. This study investigates changes in assessment practices and explores implications for assessment and accountability. This research adopted various qualitative data collection methods, including interviews, site observations, collection of documents, and review of personal notes. The findings showed that there was a paradigm shift of assessment practice from an outcome-oriented approach to a process-oriented approach. Results revealed 4 major changes in the new assessment approach that involved the choice of assessment tools, the planning procedures, data collection methods, and new assessment activities. The major changes were built on the idea of assessment for learning and the strength of school capacity supporting self-improvement. The development of a culture of collaboration and professional learning communities helped to enhance teacher development and build school capacity. Practice or Policy: This study urges the improvement of process-oriented assessment, school capacity, and the use of assessment data to understand the impacts of the new accountability system. The study supports a more balanced approach of combining school internal capacity and external systems to uphold school accountability and advocates the use of process-oriented assessment in early childhood education.
Heat shock proteins 70 and 60 share common receptors which are expressed on human monocyte‐derived but not epidermal dendritic cells

Priming of CTL by means of heat shock proteins (hsp) is dependent on antigen‐presenting cells (APC), which present the hsp‐associated peptides, via their cell surface MHC class I molecules, toCD8+ T cells. It has not yet been established how human (hu) hsp70 interacts with the major (hu)APC, the dendritic cells (DC). Here we show that (hu)hsp70 is specifically internalized intoCD14–, Toll‐like receptor 4– monocyte‐derived (hu)DC by receptor‐mediated endocytosis. We further demonstrate that (hu)hsp70 and (hu)hsp60 share the same receptors on (hu)monocyte‐derived DC. Both molecules as well as MHC class I molecules are spontaneously internalized and reach the MHC class II‐enriched compartments. Finally, freshly isolated (hu) epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), the DC of the skin, as well as CD34+‐derived LC do not bind hsp60 or hsp70. Given the likely importance of the internalization of hsp70 by APC in the induction of the immune responses, the finding that hsp60 and hsp70 are internalized through the same receptor(s) may explain why microbial hsp60 represents a major T cell antigen. This may rationalize the use of microbial hsp60 to primeimmune responses against microbes. The lack of hsp60/70 receptors on epidermal LC raises the crucial question as to whether absence of priming of the skin and mucosal immune systems by hsp‐polypeptide complexes could account for some tissue‐specific diseases. This work also points to a potential advantage of using monocyte‐derived DC in human immunotherapeutic applications of hsp60/70.
Consequences of parental corporal punishment on 12-year old children in the Colombo district.

OBJECTIVE To study the association between parental corporal punishment and psychological maladjustment in children. Potential mediating variables of this association were explored. The relationship between corporal punishment and physical abuse was also investigated. DESIGN, SETTING AND SAMPLE: The children (N = 1226, 12-year olds) were selected from government schools in the Colombo district, using a stratified random sampling technique. MEASUREMENTS Self-administered instruments, adapted and validated to the Sri Lankan context were used. RESULTS The experience of parental corporal punishment was shown to be moderately, but significantly, associated with psychological maladjustment in children. This association was enhanced by the child witnessing or experiencing non-parent-to-child violence (eg. domestic, community, teacher and peer violence). The extent of the child's support network, the nature of the parent-child relationship and the child's attitude to corporal punishment did not significantly alter the association between corporal punishment and psychological maladjustment. Corporal punishment was also moderately, but significantly, associated with child physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS Parental corporal punishment is associated with psychological harm for children; this association is further enhanced by other forms of violence in a child's life.
Kidney Development in the Absence of Gdnf and Spry1 Requires Fgf10

GDNF signaling through the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is required for ureteric bud (UB) branching morphogenesis during kidney development in mice and humans. Furthermore, many other mutant genes that cause renal agenesis exert their effects via the GDNF/RET pathway. Therefore, RET signaling is believed to play a central role in renal organogenesis. Here, we re-examine the extent to which the functions of Gdnf and Ret are unique, by seeking conditions in which a kidney can develop in their absence. We find that in the absence of the negative regulator Spry1, Gdnf, and Ret are no longer required for extensive kidney development. Gdnf−/−;Spry1−/− or Ret−/−;Spry1−/− double mutants develop large kidneys with normal ureters, highly branched collecting ducts, extensive nephrogenesis, and normal histoarchitecture. However, despite extensive branching, the UB displays alterations in branch spacing, angle, and frequency. UB branching in the absence of Gdnf and Spry1 requires Fgf10 (which normally plays a minor role), as removal of even one copy of Fgf10 in Gdnf−/−;Spry1−/− mutants causes a complete failure of ureter and kidney development. In contrast to Gdnf or Ret mutations, renal agenesis caused by concomitant lack of the transcription factors ETV4 and ETV5 is not rescued by removing Spry1, consistent with their role downstream of both RET and FGFRs. This shows that, for many aspects of renal development, the balance between positive signaling by RTKs and negative regulation of this signaling by SPRY1 is more critical than the specific role of GDNF. Other signals, including FGF10, can perform many of the functions of GDNF, when SPRY1 is absent. But GDNF/RET signaling has an apparently unique function in determining normal branching pattern. In contrast to GDNF or FGF10, Etv4 and Etv5 represent a critical node in the RTK signaling network that cannot by bypassed by reducing the negative regulation of upstream signals.
Will Atkinson, Class, Individualization and Late Modernity: In Search of the Reflexive Worker

(p. 191). The author returns to the fundamental question: ‘Does capitalism, then, invariably draw out socialism? ’ (p. 198). He maintains that in a historical perspective, socialism persists as a counterculture. This implies that socialism presents itself as a counterculture. He follows this with an interesting overview of critical writings by Michael Mann and Robert Archer and concludes with a note that ‘socialism is a necessary utopia’ (p. 200). The book covers a wide range of issues that have remained central to academic discourse on the subject. What would have made it more interesting and inviting to a wider section of academics is using the material to develop an understanding of the contemporary situation(s) the world over. This would call for an addition of a chapter or two. In its present form, the book is for social scientists grounded in the foundations of both socialism and modernity. It builds on the basics and provides accessible and authoritative knowledge which makes it indispensable for intellectuals committed to serious scholarship.
Establishment of a Conditionally Immortalized Wilms Tumor Cell Line with a Homozygous WT1 Deletion within a Heterozygous 11p13 Deletion and UPD Limited to 11p15

We describe a stromal predominant Wilms tumor with focal anaplasia and a complex, tumor specific chromosome 11 aberration: a homozygous deletion of the entire WT1 gene within a heterozygous 11p13 deletion and an additional region of uniparental disomy (UPD) limited to 11p15.5-p15.2 including the IGF2 gene. The tumor carried a heterozygous p.T41A mutation in CTNNB1. Cells established from the tumor carried the same chromosome 11 aberration, but a different, homozygous p.S45Δ CTNNB1 mutation. Uniparental disomy (UPD) 3p21.3pter lead to the homozygous CTNNB1 mutation. The tumor cell line was immortalized using the catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT) in conjunction with a novel thermolabile mutant (U19dl89-97tsA58) of SV40 large T antigen (LT). This cell line is cytogenetically stable and can be grown indefinitely representing a valuable tool to study the effect of a complete lack of WT1 in tumor cells. The origin/fate of Wilms tumors with WT1 mutations is currently poorly defined. Here we studied the expression of several genes expressed in early kidney development, e.g. FOXD1, PAX3, SIX1, OSR1, OSR2 and MEIS1 and show that these are expressed at similar levels in the parental and the immortalized Wilms10 cells. In addition the limited potential for muscle/ osteogenic/ adipogenic differentiation similar to all other WT1 mutant cell lines is also observed in the Wilms10 tumor cell line and this is retained in the immortalized cells. In summary these Wilms10 cells are a valuable model system for functional studies of WT1 mutant cells.
The spatial profile of university-business research partnerships

This paper focuses on one particular type of linkage between university and business - joint research partnerships - and addresses two specific issues. First, it investigates the extent to which research quality and geographical proximity bear an influence on the frequency of the collaborations between university departments and businesses. Second, it explores the factors affecting the geographical distance of university-business partnerships. Our findings show that both geographical proximity and research quality are positively associated with the frequency of university-industry partnerships; though, results are not homogenous across scientific disciplines. Our results also show that distance between university and business partners exhibit a curvilinear (inverted-U shape) relationship with the research excellence of university departments. Copyright (c) 2010 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2010 RSAI.
Teachers' relatedness with students: An underemphasized component of teachers' basic psychological needs.

Using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework, we explored the relationship between the satisfaction of teachers' basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence and their self-reported levels of teaching-related engagement, emotions, and emotional exhaustion. In particular, we tested a 2-component model of teachers' need for relatedness, with representation of the need for relatedness with students and the need for relatedness with colleagues. One thousand and forty-nine teachers participated in 3 studies. In Study 1 (n = 409), we tested a model that examined how perceptions of autonomy support are associated with teachers' relatedness with colleagues and students and how relatedness subsequently predicts teaching engagement and emotional exhaustion. In Study 2 (n = 455), we tested a full SDT model, hypothesizing that perceptions of autonomy support lead to satisfaction of teachers' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness with colleagues and students, which in turn lead to teachers' engagement and expression of emotions (anxiety, anger, and enjoyment). In Study 3 (n = 185), we used scenarios to test participants' beliefs about 2 hypothesized teachers, 1 with high student and low peer relatedness and the other with low student and high peer relatedness. Results from the 3 studies consistently emphasize the finding that for teachers, satisfaction of the need for relatedness with students leads to higher levels of engagement and positive emotions, and lower levels of negative emotions, than does satisfaction of the need for relatedness with peers.
Participatory development, complicity and desire

Abstract This article is an attempt at rethinking participatory development (pd) in terms of empire, undertaking a postcolonial and psychoanalytic reading. Postcolonialism helps point out that our discursive constructions of the Third World say more about us than the Third World; while psychoanalysis helps uncover the desires we invest in the Other. Thus, to the question, ‘why do neo-imperial and inegalitarian relationships pervade pd? ’, the article answers, ‘because even as pd promotes the Other's empowerment, it hinges crucially on our complicity and desire’; and ‘because disavowing such complicity and desire is a technology of power’. The argument, in other words, is that complicity and desire are written into pd, making it prone to an exclusionary, Western-centric and inegalitarian politics. The article concludes with possibilities for confronting our complicities and desires through pd's radicalisation.
Integration of Multiple Feature Sets for Reducing Ambiguity in ASR

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of exploiting the invariance properties associated with articulatory based acoustic features to reduce ambiguity in ASR search. A multivalued phonological feature set defined by King and Taylor is used along with a time delay neural network implementation of phonological feature detectors to produce eight independent phonological feature streams (S. King and P. Taylor, 2000). Hidden Markov models (HMMs) defined over these phonological feature streams are combined with HMMs defined over spectral energy based mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) acoustic features through a lattice re-scoring procedure. It is shown that significant improvements in phone recognition accuracy are obtained for this combined system relative to phone accuracy obtained for MFCC based HMMs alone. A study is also performed to analyze the effects of uncertainty in phonological feature detection.
Aspectos cognitivos do falar em público: validação de uma escala de autoavaliação para universitários brasileiros

CONTEXTO: O falar em publico e o medo mais prevalente na populacao geral e no Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS). Assim sendo, estudos que dimensionem essa situacao especifica sao necessarios. OBJETIVOS: Validar a Self Statements during Public Speaking (SSPS) em amostra da populacao geral de estudantes universitarios (PG - n = 2.314), casos (C - n = 88) e nao casos de TAS (NC - n = 90) do Brasil. METODOS: Conduziu-se o estudo em duas fases: a) preenchimento dos questionarios autoaplicados em sala de aula; b) participacao em entrevista telefonica e ao vivo. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se correlacoes baixas/moderadas entre SSPS e Inventario de Fobia Social (PG = 0,22-0,65; C = 0,28-0,32; NC = 0,21-0,30), Inventario de Ansiedade de Beck (PG = 0,18-0,53; C = 0,25-0,33; NC = 0,22-0,25) e Escala Breve de Fobia Social (C = nao significativa, NC = 0,23-0,31) nas diferentes amostras, especialmente para a PG. A analise fatorial apontou a presenca de dois fatores, associados a autoavaliacao positiva e negativa. O estudo da validade discriminativa evidenciou a capacidade da SSPS de discriminar os casos dos nao casos de TAS. CONCLUSAO: A SSPS e adequada para uso no contexto brasileiro, sendo que a subescala autoavaliacao positiva parece ser mais efetiva para a avaliacao de amostras identificadas ou suspeitas de TAS e a subescala autoavaliacao negativa ter uma caracteristica mais rastreadora quando aplicada em amostras da populacao geral.
Characteristics of the Child Amputee Population

The characteristics and number of children with limb amputations in North America are not known. In an effort to secure information concerning the nature of the child amputee population (to 21 years of age) in the United States and Canada, a census of patients treated at member clinics of the Association of Children's Prosthetic-Orthotic Clinics (ACPOC) was conducted. It was designed to obtain a rational basis for children's prosthetic design, development, research, and educational activities. Of the 74 ACPOC prosthetic clinics to which the questionnaire was sent, 45 replies were analyzed, representing a total of 4,105 children under treatment at the reporting clinics during 1980, of which 679 cases (17%) were seen for the first time in that year. The results are consistent with prior unpublished censuses. Overall, congenital limb deficiencies outnumbered acquired losses by a ratio of 2:1, but among unilateral cases, more lower-limb amputations were acquired postpartum than congenitally. Eighty percent of all child amputees had had only one limb involved, and 54% of these unilateral cases were left amputees. Males outnumbered females 3:2, and over half of the children currently under treatment at the reporting clinics had been under 6 years of age at the time of first admission.
Technology Acceptance and Social Networking in Distance Learning

This study examines the use of integrated communication and engineering design tools in a distributed learning environment. We examined students' attitudes toward the technology using two different approaches. First, we utilized the technology acceptance model to investigate the attitude formation process. Then, to investigate how attitudes changed over time, we applied social information processing model using social network analysis method. Using the technology acceptance model, we were able to demonstrate that students’ initial expectation affected the perceptions of, attitudes toward, and use of the system. With social network analysis, we found that one’s attitude change was significantly influenced by other students’ attitude changes. We discussed the uniqueness of distance l environments in the context of social influence research and how studies of distance learning could contribute to the research on the social influence of technology use.
The Slave of the Passions: Experiencing Problems and Selecting Solutions

This article argues that problem solving is motivated by feelings. The proposition is made that a person will experience a problem and engage in problem solving only if the person is in a state that feels aversive or if a mentally represented state becomes a goal by eliciting feelings more pleasurable than those that currently dominate. When people solve problems, the criteria they use in evaluating alternative solutions cannot in themselves motivate the choosing of an alternative. On evaluation, each alternative elicits a feeling that can be placed somewhere on a hedonic continuum. Whether rational or irrational, and even if the problem solver regards another alternative as correct, the alternative that produces the best feeling will always be selected as the solution to the problem.
Co-operation between European and Latin American Universities in Scientific and Technological Training.

Les strategies de developpement des differents Etats doivent tenir compte des capacites de developpement scientifique et technologique disponibles, en incluant la qualite des ressources humaines. Dans cette perspective, le role des cooperations internationales s'accroit. La politique d'ouverture des frontieres facilite le transfert des idees, des mecanismes administratifs, des technologies et des connaissances. Les principaux acteurs de ces echanges sont les entreprises privees ou publiques et les universites (institution ouverte devouee a la recherche et l'application des connaissances universelles). L'A. decrit la situation de l'enseignement superieur en Europe et en Amerique Latine et presente les relations developpees entre ces deux continents
Context-Adaptive Coordination of Pervasive Services by Interpreting Models during Runtime

One of the most important goals of pervasive systems is to help users in their daily life by automating their behaviour patterns. To achieve this, pervasive services must be dynamically coordinated, executed and adapted to context according to user behaviour patterns. In this work, we propose a model-driven solution to meet this challenge. We propose a task model and a context ontology to design context-adaptive coordination of services at a high level of abstraction. This design facilitates the coordination analysis at design time and is also reused at runtime. We propose a software architecture that interprets the models at runtime in order to coordinate the service execution that is required to support user behaviour patterns. This coordination is done in a context-adaptive way and decoupled from service implementation. This approach makes the models the only representation of service coordination, which facilitates the maintenance and evolution of the executed service coordination after deployment.