Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic profile and pattern of opioid abuse among patients presenting to a de-addiction centre in tertiary care Hospital of Kashmir

Background: The substances abuse has become one of the major public health problems of present society. Recently there has been an increase in the incidence of substance abuse including that of opioids throughout the world. The proper assessment of the current trends and pattern of opioid abuse can be helpful in more effective intervention of this menace. Materials and Methods: To find out various socio-demographic variables and pattern of opioid abuse, a predevised questionnaire was administered to 200 opioid patients who presented to de-addiction center for treatment. Results: Majority of the participants (75%) were of young age group (20-30 years) and the mean age of subjects was 27.6 years . More than half of participants (55%) were abusing the opioid substances for < 3 years followed by 30% of the abusers who were using the opioids for 4-6 years. Oral route was the most common route (35%) of substance administration followed by chasing (13%) and intravenous (11%) routes. Diverted pharmaceuticals emerged as one of the common substances of abuse, and peer pressure was found to be the main reason to start substance abuse. Conclusion: A comprehensive preventive program targeting young adults needs to be formulated and strict laws against sales of diverted pharmaceuticals to be implemented.
Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome

A large vestibular aqueduct is one of the commonest radiological abnormalities of the inner ear. A case of acute profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and balance disturbance following minor head trauma in the presence of an abnormally enlarged vestibular aqueduct is described. The significance of a diagnosis of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, in the presence of serviceable hearing, is that it identifies patients who should refrain from activities that increase intracranial pressure to prevent hearing loss.
Essential role of membrane cholesterol in accelerated BCR internalization and uncoupling from NF-κB in B cell clonal anergy

Divergent hypotheses exist to explain how signaling by the B cell receptor (BCR) is initiated after antigen binding and how it is qualitatively altered in anergic B cells to selectively uncouple from nuclear factor κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways while continuing to activate extracellular signal–regulated kinase and calcium–nuclear factor of activated T cell pathways. Here we find that BCRs on anergic cells are endocytosed at a very enhanced rate upon binding antigen, resulting in a large steady-state pool of intracellularly sequestered receptors that appear to be continuously cycling between surface and intracellular compartments. This endocytic mechanism is exquisitely sensitive to the lowering of plasma membrane cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, and, when blocked in this way, the sequestered BCRs return to the cell surface and RelA nuclear accumulation is stimulated. In contrast, when plasma membrane cholesterol is lowered and GM1 sphingolipid markers of membrane rafts are depleted in naive B cells, this does not diminish BCR signaling to calcium or RelA. These results provide a possible explanation for the signaling changes in clonal anergy and indicate that a chief function of membrane cholesterol in B cells is not to initiate BCR signaling, but instead to terminate a subset of signals by rapid receptor internalization.
Stakeholder-Oriented Principal Development in Croatian Elementary Schools

This paper analyzes how the different forms of available development tools enhance the Croatian primary school principals' competence to balance stakeholder requirements, and thus enhance the performance of schools, conceptualized as nonprofit organizations. An indicative sample of primary school pricnpals, selected by the Croatian primary school pricnipal association, were surveyed in order to establish the effects of available institutional support.
Developing spatial localization abilities and children's interpretation of where*

ABSTRACT Two-year-old children often start asking questions with where. In this study we test whether children understand where to mean route or absolute location and whether the size of the space or elevation made a difference. Previous research has documented developmental changes over the preschool years in children's non-verbal spatial reasoning. Forty-eight children between two and five years of age were interviewed. We asked them to point in response to where questions about an object, rooms on the same floor and on a different floor. All children pointed to the location of the hidden objects. The youngest children pointed to the route to rooms while the oldest children were more likely to point to the location of rooms. With age, the children gradually used more spatial location terms than deictic terms in response to where. These results suggest that children's meaning of where initially differs for different sized spaces and developmental changes reflect non-verbal cognition.
Ca2+-dependent Control of the Permeability Properties of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane and Voltage-dependent Anion-selective Channel (VDAC)*

Cell function depends on the distribution of cytosolic and mitochondrial factors across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Passage of metabolites through the OMM has been attributed to the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC), which can form a large conductance and permanently open a channel in lipid bilayers. However, recent data indicate that the transport of metabolites through the OMM is controlled in the cells. Recognizing that the bilayer studies had been commonly conducted at supraphysiological [Ca2+] and [K+], we determined the effect of Ca2+ on VDAC activity. In liposomes, the purified VDAC displays Ca2+-dependent control of the molecular cut-off size and shows Ca2+-regulated Ca2+ permeability in the physiological [Ca2+] range. In bilayer experiments, at submicromolar [Ca2+], the purified VDAC or isolated OMM does not show sustained large conductance but rather exhibits gating between a nonconducting state and various subconductance states. Ca2+ addition causes a reversible increase in the conductance and may evoke channel opening to full conductance. Furthermore, single cell imaging data indicate that Ca2+ may facilitate the cation and ATP transport across the OMM. Thus, the VDAC gating is dependent on the physiological concentrations of cations, allowing the OMM to control the passage of ions and some small molecules. The OMM barrier is likely to decrease during the calcium signal.
Select on Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability

Behavior in organizations is a function of an individual’s ability, his/her motivation, and the constraints inherent in the situation. This chapter focuses on the prediction of workplace behaviors that are influenced by an individual’s motivation, particularly as measured by the personality dimensions of conscientiousness and emotional stability. The previous chapter clearly showed that general intelligence predicts job performance. However, many important workplace behaviors are a function of the individual’s motivation or willingness to perform them and, consequently, are not predicted well by general intelligence. When asked what employee skills managers consider important for workplace success, they ordinarily list the following attributes as critical for success at work:
Cyclosporine lymphocyte maximum level monitoring in de novo kidney transplant patients: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES To determine prospectively the temporal variations of cyclosporine-A lymphocyte maximum level, whole blood maximum concentration, and total lymphocyte count in patients with de novo kidney transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocyte maximum level, whole blood maximum concentration, and total lymphocyte count were prospectively measured in 35 patients at 1, 2, and 3 months after kidney transplantation. Two groups--a biopsy-proven acute rejection group (REJ+) and a rejection-free group (REJ-)--were compared. RESULTS Both groups had similar lymphocyte maximum levels, whole blood maximum concentrations, and total lymphocyte counts at the first month after transplantation. REJ+ patients had significantly lower lymphocyte maximum levels at 2 and 3 months (59+/-34 and 33+/-9 pg/Lc) and higher total lymphocyte counts (0.00204+/-0.00078x10(9)/L and 0.00203+/-0.00022x10(9)/L) when compared with their REJ- counterparts (87+/-56 and 63+/-30 pg/Lc, P<.05 and P<.007) and (0.00137+/-0.00074x10(9)/L and 0.0015+/-0.0006x10(9)/L, P<. 02 and P<. 003) respectively. Whole blood maximum concentrations were significantly higher in patients in the REJ+ group (2050+/-623 vs 1414+/-536 ng/mL, P<.02) at 2 months. At 3 months, the 2 groups were comparable (1158+/-340 vs 1365+/-525 ng/mL, P=NS). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acute rejection is associated with a relatively low cyclosporine- A lymphocyte maximum level and high total lymphocyte count in the early posttransplant period. Cyclosporine-A whole blood maximum concentration failed to correlate with clinical outcome. Cyclosporine-A lymphocyte maximum level seems to offer a more reliable alternative than does whole blood maximum concentration for cyclosporine-A monitoring in patients with kidney transplantation.
Children's long‐term memory for information that is incongruous with their prior knowledge

Seven- and 10-year-olds listened to a tape-recorded story. In one version, familiar television characters were described as having attributes that were incongruous with those that the children thought them to have. For example, Six Million Dollar Man was said to be too weak to carry a can of paint. Immediately after hearing the story, half of the children were asked to rate the characters on the basis of their descriptions and behaviour in the story. At this stage there was no evidence of systematic distortions in remembering. However, children who were asked to rate the incongruous characters in the story three weeks later displayed considerable shifts in memory in the direction of their pre-experimental knowledge of the character's attributes. Long-term memory for unfamiliar characters in a parallel version of the story showed no such shift, indicating that memory distortion for the incongruous information was influenced by children's prior knowledge and was not the result of random forgetting.
Are autopsy studies reliable in assessing gallstone prevalence in the community?

BACKGROUND Autopsy studies have been used for many years to estimate gallstone prevalence in the population, although this has been questioned because of the risk of selection bias. METHODS Gallstone prevalence measured by ultrasonographic screening of a random population was compared with gallstone prevalence assessed by routinely collected autopsy data in the same area during the same time period. To assess whether recording of gallstones detected in routinely performed autopsies was valid, a prospective investigation of gallstone prevalence in consecutive autopsies was performed. RESULTS The age-standardized gallstone prevalences were 9.5 in the population and 9.2 in the autopsy study among males, whereas the corresponding figures were 16.1 and 15.9 among females. These figures were not significantly different. Gallstone prevalence in the prospective study was significantly higher than in the retrospective autopsy study (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.19), suggesting inadequate recording of gallstones in routinely performed autopsies. The proportions of small stones were equal in the prospective autopsy study and the screening study, indicating that autopsy is not superior to ultrasonography in detecting gallstones. CONCLUSION Routinely collected autopsy data may be a good estimate of gallstone prevalence in the community, but this could be coincidental and due to bias acting in opposite directions, with higher true prevalence balanced by inadequate detection of gallstones in routine autopsy studies.
Poverty and its alleviation

English Nigeria has remained socio-economically underdeveloped and pauperized amid immense oil wealth and 70 percent of the population is still trapped in poverty. This study analyzes the experience of government policies on poverty. This article argues that to alleviate poverty, government must legislate against inappropriate behavior (corruption and ineptitude) of government officials. French Le Nigeria est resté un pays socio-économiquement sous développé et paupérisé malgré une immense richesse pétroliére et 70 pourcent de sa population est encore piégée dans la pauvreté. Cette étude analyse l'expérience des politiques de la pauvreté menées par le gouvernement. Ce papier soutient que pour réduire la pauvreté, le gouvernement doit légiférer contre les comportements inappropriés (corruption et incon venance) des fonctionnaires du gouvernement. Spanish En medio de una gran riqueza petrolífera Nigeria permanece subdesarrollada y empobrecida social y económicamente. El 70% de la población continúa apresada en la pobreza. Este estudio analiza la experiencia de las políticas gubernamentales dirigidas a la pobreza. Se arguye que para aliviar la pobreza el gobierno debe legislar en contra de la corrupción e ineptitud de los oficiales del gobierno.
Speaking and Hearing Clearly: Talker and Listener Factors in Speaking Style Changes

This article provides an overview of the research concerning the nature of the distinct, listener-oriented speaking style called 'clear speech' and its effect on intelligibility for various listener populations. We review major findings that identify talker, listener and signal characteristics that contribute to the characteristically high intelligibility of clear speech. Understanding the interplay of these factors sheds light on the interaction between higher level cognitive and lower-level sensory and perceptual factors that affect language processing. Clear speech research is, thus, relevant for both its theoretical insights and practical applications. Throughout the review, we highlight open questions and promising future directions.
Class, Race, Privilege: Structuring the Lifestyle Migrant Experience in Boquete, Panama

In this article, I take the case of North American lifestyle migrants living in Boquete, Panama to highlight (1) how the privilege of these migrants is remade following migration, (2) how it is experienced through intersubjective encounters within the destination, and (3) how it is variously interpreted by the migrants. Drawing on ethnographic research, the article demonstrates how subjective experience of privilege is framed and mediated by locally-inflected class relations and by racialised logics that the migrants carry with them into the destination. Through its focus on the contextualised constitution of privilege, and in particular the intersections of this with race and class, the article offers a unique contribution to a maturing field of enquiry on lifestyle migration.
Categorizing Extent of Tumor Cell Death Response to Cancer Therapy Using Quantitative Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Maximum Mean Discrepancy

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) have been proposed to detect, and to classify noninvasively the levels of cell death in response to cancer therapy administration in tumor models. Evaluation of xenograft tumor responses to cancer treatments were carried out using conventional-frequency ultrasound at different times after chemotherapy exposure. Ultrasound data were analyzed using spectroscopic techniques and multi-parametric QUS spectral maps were generated. MMD was applied as a distance criterion, measuring alterations in each tumor in response to chemotherapy, and the extent of cell death was classified into less/more than 20% and 40% categories. Statistically significant differences were observed between “pre-” and “post-treatment” groups at different times after chemotherapy exposure, suggesting a high capability of proposed framework for detecting tumor response noninvasively. Promising results were also obtained for categorizing the extent of cell death response in each tumor using the proposed framework, with gold standard histological quantification of cell death as ground truth. The best classification results were obtained using MMD when applied on histograms of QUS parametric maps. In this case, classification accuracies of 84.7% and 88.2% were achieved for categorizing extent of tumor cell death into less/more than 20% and 40%, respectively.
Adapting, Resisting, and Negotiating

The organization and economics of health care in the United States are in the midst of profound change. Yet we know little about how individual physicians cope with and respond to this change on a daily basis. This article examines primary care doctors in two different work settings to see how professionals attempt to actively deal with structural developments in their environment. The findings show the complex, uncertain, and ongoing process of professional adaptation and how characteristics of the specific work context play a mediating role in this adaptation. They also provide a rationale for bringing the study of individual-and group-level processes back into the literature on the professions.
Waist Circumference Adjusted for Body Mass Index and Intra-Abdominal Fat Mass

Background The association between waist circumference (WC) and mortality is particularly strong and direct when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). One conceivable explanation for this association is that WC adjusted for BMI is a better predictor of the presumably most harmful intra-abdominal fat mass (IAFM) than WC alone. We studied the prediction of abdominal subcutaneous fat mass (ASFM) and IAFM by WC alone and by addition of BMI as an explanatory factor. Methodology/Principal Findings WC, BMI and magnetic resonance imaging data from 742 men and women who participated in clinical studies in Canada and Finland were pooled. Total adjusted squared multiple correlation coefficients (R2) of ASFM and IAFM were calculated from multiple linear regression models with WC and BMI as explanatory variables. Mean BMI and WC of the participants in the pooled sample were 30 kg/m2 and 102 cm, respectively. WC explained 29% of the variance in ASFM and 51% of the variance in IAFM. Addition of BMI to WC added 28% to the variance explained in ASFM, but only 1% to the variance explained in IAFM. Results in subgroups stratified by study center, sex, age, obesity level and type 2 diabetes status were not systematically different. Conclusion/Significance The prediction of IAFM by WC is not improved by addition of BMI.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a BMI‐matched study

Sleep‐disordered breathing is more common in hypertensive disorders during pregnancy; however, most studies have not adequately accounted for the potential confounding impact of obesity. This study evaluated the frequency of sleep‐disordered breathing in women with gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia compared with body mass index‐ and gestation‐matched normotensive pregnant women. Women diagnosed with gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia underwent polysomnography shortly after diagnosis. Normotensive controls body mass index‐matched within ±4 kg m−2 underwent polysomnography within ±4 weeks of gestational age of their matched case. The mean body mass index and gestational age at polysomnography were successfully matched for 40 women with gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia and 40 controls. The frequency of sleep‐disordered breathing in the cases was 52.5% compared with 37.5% in the control group (P = 0.18), and the respiratory disturbance index overall did not differ (P = 0.20). However, more severe sleep‐disordered breathing was more than twice as common in women with gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia (35% versus 15%, P = 0.039). While more than half of women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy meet the clinical criteria for sleep‐disordered breathing, it is also very common in normotensive women of similar body mass index. This underscores the importance of adjusting for obesity when exploring the relationship between sleep‐disordered breathing and hypertension in pregnancy. More severe degrees of sleep‐disordered breathing are significantly associated with gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia, and sleep‐disordered breathing may plausibly play a role in the pathophysiology of pregnancy hypertension in these women. This suggests that more severe sleep‐disordered breathing is a potential therapeutic target for reducing the prevalence or severity of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Speedup Matrix Completion with Side Information: Application to Multi-Label Learning

In standard matrix completion theory, it is required to have at least O(n ln2 n) observed entries to perfectly recover a low-rank matrix M of size n x n, leading to a large number of observations when n is large. In many real tasks, side information in addition to the observed entries is often available. In this work, we develop a novel theory of matrix completion that explicitly explore the side information to reduce the requirement on the number of observed entries. We show that, under appropriate conditions, with the assistance of side information matrices, the number of observed entries needed for a perfect recovery of matrix M can be dramatically reduced to O(ln n). We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for matrix completion in transductive incomplete multi-label learning.
Multimodal Grammar Implementation

This paper reports on an implementation of a multimodal grammar of speech and co-speech gesture within the lkb/pet grammar engineering environment. The implementation extends the English Resource Grammar (erg, Flickinger (2000)) with hpsg types and rules that capture the form of the linguistic signal, the form of the gestural signal and their relative timing to constrain the meaning of the multimodal action. The grammar yields a single parse tree that integrates the spoken and gestural modality thereby drawing on standard semantic composition techniques to derive the multimodal meaning representation. Using the current machinery, the main challenge for the grammar engineer is the nonlinear input: the modalities can overlap temporally. We capture this by identical speech and gesture token edges. Further, the semantic contribution of gestures is encoded by lexical rules transforming a speech phrase into a multimodal entity of conjoined spoken and gestural semantics.
Primary non-compliance in a Singapore polyclinic.

AIM OF STUDY To determine the rate of patients not collecting their medication despite being given a prescription (primary non-compliance) in a Singapore polyclinic; to compare the results with similar studies done abroad and to identify the characteristics of patients most likely to be non-compliant. METHODS Out of 500 prescriptions issued consecutively by the author, those that were not presented to the pharmacy for collection of medication were identified. The case sheets of these patients were then retrieved for further analysis. FINDINGS The primary non-compliance rate in this study was 4.0%. Patients who were less than 30 years old or who consulted for an acute complaint were significantly more likely to be non-compliant. While the overall non-compliance rate was similar to that of studies done in the UK, the number of non-compliant patients with chronic illnesses was markedly lower in the local population.