Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of an activator protein required for the induction of fruA, a gene essential for fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus

Myxococcus xanthus exhibits social behavior and multicellular development. FruA is an essential transcription factor for fruiting body development in M. xanthus. In the present study, the upstream promoter region was found to be necessary for the induction of fruA expression during development. A cis-acting element required for the induction was identified and was located between nucleotides –154 and –107 with respect to the transcription initiation site. In addition, it was found that two binding sites exist within this element of the fruA promoter. By using DNA affinity column chromatography containing the cis-acting element, a fruA promoter-binding protein was purified. The purified protein was shown by N-terminal sequence analysis to be identical to MrpC, a protein identified previously by transposon insertion mutagenesis as an essential locus for fruiting body development [Sun, H. & Shi, W. (2001) J. Bacteriol. 183, 4786–4795]. Furthermore, fruA mRNA was not detectable in the mrpC::km strain, demonstrating that MrpC is essential for fruA expression. Moreover, mutational analysis of the binding sites for MrpC in the fruA promoter indicates that binding of MrpC activates transcription of fruA in vivo. This report provides evidence for a direct molecular interaction involved in temporally regulated gene expression in M. xanthus.
“Torture at Yale”: Experimental subjects, laboratory torment and the “rehabilitation” of Milgram’s “Obedience to Authority”

Stanley Milgram’s experiments on “Obedience to Authority” are among the most criticized in all of psychology. However, over the past 20 years, there has been a gradual rehabilitation of Milgram’s work and reputation, a reconsideration that is in turn closely linked to a contemporary “revival” of his Obedience experiments. This paper provides a critical counterpoint to this “Milgram revival” by drawing on archival material from participants in the Obedience study and Milgram himself. This material indicates that Milgram misrepresented (a) the extent of his debriefing procedures, (b) the risk posed by the experiment, and (c) the harm done to his participants. The archival record also indicates that Milgram had doubts about the scientific value of the experiment, thereby compromising his principal ethical justification for employing such extreme methods. The article ends with a consideration of the implications of these historical revelations for contemporary efforts to revive the Milgram paradigm.
Social value orientation, organizational goal concerns and interdepartmental problem‐solving behavior

In a study of 11 organizations among 120 manufacturing, planning and sales employees, support was found for the hypothesis that a prosocial value orientation - as a personality trait - increases the likelihood that employees show a high concern for the goals of other departments. This concern, combined with a high concern for own goals, furthermore appeared to increase the likelihood of problem-solving behavior during interdepartmental negotiations. Measures of goal concerns were attained, firstly, by asking employees how important they found six specific organizational goals and, secondly, by assessing which goals were found most important by members of which department. The results of this study suggest that problem solving can be induced by selecting or developing prosocial employees, because a prosocial value orientation increases the likelihood of having broad role orientations, in which employees not only care for goals characteristic of their own department, but also for goals of other departments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Salt Impregnation on the Initiation of Thermo-Chromatographic Pulses by Dielectric Heating

Selective dielectric heating using the influence of a coupling medium such as water can lead to the formation of combined temperature-mass transport pulses moving through a packed bed. Depending on the dielectric and sorption properties of the material, these so-called thermo-chroma-tographic pulses (TCP) can cause large temperature differences between the starting temperature and the peak temperature in the pulse. The impregnation of porous substances with various salts was shown to be a simple methodfor improving material properties leading to the formation of stable TCP. This procedure was proven to only slightly reduce the specific surface area and the sorption capacity towards organic compounds of the investigated sorbents. Consequently, a wide spectrum of silica gels, zeolites and porous alumina can be applied as matrices for TCP-based processes in chemical engineering and environmental technology.
Between the confusion of tongues and the gift of tongues: Or working as a psychoanalyst in a foreign language1

The author worked as a psychoanalyst for 5 years in Germany. In this paper, he attempts to answer the question ‘How was it possible that, in spite of his imperfect knowledge of German, notwithstanding a deepening understanding of the language during his residence in the country, he was able to successfully treat so many patients? ’ He starts by putting forward some distinctions between the activity of interpretation as translation of the unconscious with the patient in session and the activity of translation of texts. After a brief exegetic review of the myths of Babel and Pentecost, he suggests that the analyst working in a foreign language moves between ‘the confusion of tongues’ and the ‘gift of tongues’, that is, between Babel and Pentecost. He presents some vignettes to illustrate typical situations he encountered in his practice. Finally, he draws some conclusions from this experience of psychoanalytic polyglotism, mainly on the basis of the communicative function that modern infant research assigns to affect attunement and verbal language.
Factors Associated With Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Involvement Among Children With Severe Emotional Disturbance

Recent research has highlighted the fact that there is an overrepresentation of children with mental health problems in the juvenile justice system. Thus, this study uses a clinical sample of children receiving mental health services to examine demographic (e.g., age, ethnicity), person-level (e.g., anxious and/or depressed), family-level (e.g., number of transitions in living situations), and school-level factors associated with being involved in the mental health and juvenile justice service systems (i.e., dual involvement). Analyses were conducted separately by gender to investigate differences in dual involvement and possible differences in the predictors of dual involvement. For boys and girls, older adolescents and a higher number of living transitions were associated with dual involvement. For girls only, depression and/or anxiety and social problems were associated with dual involvement. The findings highlight the need for greater collaboration among service systems given the strong overlap between mental health and juvenile justice involvement for many children.
Gross--Zagier Revisited

ly isomorphic as rings are conjugate in B. 146 BRIAN CONRAD (APPENDIX BY W. R. MANN) Remark A.10. The order ( A mn A A ) in (2) is the intersection of the maximal orders M2(A) and γnM2(A)γ−1 n = ( A mn m−n A ) , where γn = ( 0 πn 1 0 ) . This example is called a standard Eichler order. Proof. For the first part, it suffices to show that the set R of elements of B integral over R is an order. That is, we must show R is finite as an A-module and is a subring of B. Note that R is stable under the involution b 7→ b. The key to the subring property is that if b ∈ B has N(b) ∈ A, then Tr(b) ∈ A. Indeed, F [b] is a field on which the reduced norm and trace agree with the usual norm and trace (relative to F ), and by completeness of A we know that the valuation ring of F [b] is characterized by having integral norm. Thus, to show that R is stable under multiplication we just need that if x, y ∈ R then N(xy) ∈ A. But N(xy) = N(x)N(y). Meanwhile, for addition (an issue because noncommutativity does not make it evident that a sum of integral elements is integral), we note that if x, y ∈ R then N(x + y) = (x + y)(x + y) = N(x) + N(y) + Tr(xy). But this final reduced trace term lies in A because xy ∈ R. Hence, R is a subring of B. In particular, R is an A-submodule since A ⊆ R. To show that R is A-finite, we may pick a model for B as in Example A.2, and may assume i = e, j = f ∈ A. Thus, i, j ∈ R, so ij ∈ R. For any x ∈ R, we have x, xi, xj, xij ∈ R. Taking reduced traces of all four of these elements and writing x = c + c1i + c2j + c3ij for c, c1, c2, c3 ∈ F , we get x ∈ 1 2 A + 1
Mechanism of electromigration-induced failure in the 97Pb-3Sn and 37Pb-63Sn composite solder joints

The electromigration-induced failure in the composite solder joints consisting of 97Pb–3Sn on the chip side and 37Pb–63Sn on the substrate side was studied. The under-bump metallization (UBM) on the chip side was 5 μm thick electroplated Cu coated on sputtered TiW/Cu and on the substrate side was electroless Ni/Au. It was observed that failure occurred in joints in a downward electron flow (from chip to substrate), while those joints having the opposite current polarity showed only minor changes. During electromigration, in addition to the compositional change by the moving of Pb atoms in the same direction as the electrons, current crowding was observed inside the UBM and it enhanced the phase transformation of Cu to Cu3Sn and to Cu6Sn5 at the UBM/solder interface. Due to the growth of Cu6Sn5, the Cu UBM was consumed rapidly, resulting in void formation-induced failure at the cathode side. The Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound and void were first initiated from the upper left-hand side corner of the contact .
The Progress Bias in Goal Pursuit: When One Step Forward Seems Larger than One Step Back

Consumers often pursue goals (e.g., losing weight) where the chance of attaining the goal increases with some behaviors (e.g., exercise) but decreases with others (e.g., eating). Although goal monitoring is known to be a critical step in self-control for successful goal pursuit, little research investigates whether consumers accurately monitor goal progress. Seven experiments demonstrate that consumers tend to show a progress bias in goal monitoring, perceiving that goal-consistent behaviors (e.g., saving $45) help progress more than goal-inconsistent behaviors of the equivalent size (e.g., spending $45) hurt it. Expectations of goal attainment moderate the progress bias; reducing the expectation that the goal will be reached reduces the tendency to perceive goal-consistent behaviors to have a larger impact on goal progress than equivalent goal-inconsistent behaviors. A study on exercise and eating shows that although the progress bias can increase initial goal persistence, it can also lead to premature goal release due to poor calibration of overall progress.
THERMAL PROCESSES GOVERNING HOT-JUPITER RADII

There have been many proposed explanations for the larger-than-expected radii of some transiting hot Jupiters, including either stellar or orbital energy deposition deep in the atmosphere or deep in the interior. In this paper, we explore the important influences on hot-Jupiter radius evolution of (1) additional heat sources in the high atmosphere, the deep atmosphere, and deep in the convective interior; (2) consistent cooling of the deep interior through the planetary dayside, nightside, and poles; (3) the degree of heat redistribution to the nightside; and (4) the presence of an upper atmosphere absorber inferred to produce anomalously hot upper atmospheres and inversions in some close-in giant planets. In particular, we compare the radius expansion effects of atmospheric and deep-interior heating at the same power levels and derive the power required to achieve a given radius increase when night-side cooling is incorporated. We find that models that include consistent day/night cooling are more similar to isotropically irradiated models when there is more heat redistributed from the dayside to the nightside. In addition, we consider the efficacy of ohmic heating in the atmosphere and/or convective interior in inflating hot Jupiters. Among our conclusions are that (1) the most highly irradiated planets cannot stably have uB ≳ 10 km s−1 G over a large fraction of their daysides, where u is the zonal wind speed and B is the dipolar magnetic field strength in the atmosphere, and (2) that ohmic heating cannot in and of itself lead to a runaway in planet radius.
An Integrated Model for the Study of Teacher Motivation

Des recherches recentes ont montre que les enseignants souffraient plus que d’autres groupes professionnels d’un manque de motivation au travail. Une comprehension globale de la motivation des enseignants exige un modele adequat. L’objectif principal de cette recherche etait de proposer et de mettre a l’epreuve un modele de la motivation des enseignants qui integre des concepts de plusieurs theories cognitivo-motivationelles. Le modele integre s’appuie sur la schema expectation-valence et celui de l’incapacite acquise, mais surmonte quelques-unes de leurs imperfections. L’echantillon etait compose de 272 enseignants des ecoles elementaires et secondaires du Portugal. Ils ont repondu a une serie d’inventaires destines a mesurer leurs expectations de controle, de succes et d’efficacite, leurs attributions, leur motivation intrinseque, la valence de leurs buts percus et comment tout ceci interagit pout agir sur l’engagement professionnel (la variable exogene du modele). Les analyses des coefficients de pistes et de la variance des variables endogenes valident le modele integre propose ici et suggerent des strategies de formation pour accroitre la motivation des enseignants. Recent studies show that teachers suffer more than other professional groups from the occupational lack of motivation. A global understanding of teacher motivation requires an adequate framework for its study. The main goal of the current research was to propose and test a model of teacher motivation that integrates constructs from several cognitive-motivational theories. This integrative model starts from the perspectives of Expectancy-Value and Learned Helplessness but overcomes some of the limitations of each. The participants were 272 elementary and secondary teachers in Portugal. They responded to a series of inventories designed to measure their expectancies of control, success and efficacy, attributions, intrinsic motivation and perceived goal value levels, and how these interact to influence professional engagement (the model's exogenous variable). Analyses of path coefficients and the variance of endogenous variables support the proposed integrated model and suggest strategies for teacher education that may increase teacher motivation.
Engineering the Engineers: Socialization Tactics and New Engineer Adjustment in Organizations

Newly recruited engineers entering organizations often experience anxiety and uncertainty with regard to their roles, tasks, and career prospects in the organization. Successful adjustment of these newcomers to the role and organization has implications for performance, retention, and turnover of valuable knowledge workers. Organizations use several tactics to facilitate the new engineer's adjustment to the role and organization. This study investigated the socialization of 135 new engineers using the theoretical framework of organizational socialization tactics. The moderating effects of gender on new engineer adjustment are also examined since engineering is often described as a male-dominated profession. Results show that organizational socialization tactics strongly influence newcomer role clarity, workgroup integration, and task mastery. These proximal outcomes, in turn, lead to increased satisfaction and organizational commitment. Gender-specific differences are also found with regard to the impact of tactics on outcomes. Gender-moderated the effects of investiture, serial, and fixed tactics on role clarity and work group integration. Implications of the results for practice and theory are discussed.
The Impact of Research Collaboration on Scientific Productivity

Based on the curricula vitae and survey responses of 443 academic scientists affiliated with university research centers in the USA, we examine the longstanding assumption that research collaboration has a positive effect on publishing productivity. Since characteristics of the individual and the work environment are endogenously related to both collaboration and productivity, this study focuses on the mediating effect of collaboration on publishing productivity. By using the two-stage least squares analysis, the findings indicate that in the presence of moderating variables such as age, rank, grant, gender, marital status, family relations, citizenship, job satisfaction, perceived discrimination, and collaboration strategy, the simple number (‘normal count’) of peer-reviewed journal papers is strongly and significantly associated with the number of collaborators. However, the net impacts of collaboration are less clear. When we apply the same model and examine productivity by ‘fractional count’, dividing the number of publications by the number of authors, we find that number of collaborators is not a significant predictor of publishing productivity. In both cases, ‘normal count’ and ‘fractional count’, we find significant effects of research grants, citizenship, collaboration strategy, and scientific field. We believe that it is important to understand the effects of the individual and environmental factors for developing effective strategies to exploit the potential benefits of collaboration. We note that our focus is entirely at the individual level, and some of the most important benefits of collaboration may accrue to groups, institutions, and scientific fields.
Modification and Revision of the Scale of Market Demand for Taekwondo Schools

The purpose of this study was to modify and revise the Scale of Market Demand for Taekwondo Schools (Kim, Zhang, & Ko, 2009). A questionnaire was developed that consisted of the revised Scale of Market Demand for Taekwondo Schools with seven factors (personal improvement activities, physical environment quality, instruction staff quality, program activities and offerings, cultural learning, locker room provision, and economic condition consideration), member satisfaction and member commitment variables, and demographic variables. Research participants (N = 552) were Taekwondo school participants who resided in the United States and voluntarily participated in the survey study. Conducting confirmatory factor and structural equation model analyses, the revised Scale of Market Demand for Taekwondo Schools with 7 factors and 54 items was found to have good validity and reliability characteristics. Discussion is centered on the theoretical relevance of the conceptual dimensions and their applications in marketing research and practice.
The Relationship Between Self and Achievement/Performance Measures

This meta-analysis examines the relationship between the various self-measures and measures of performance and achievement. The statistical results of 128 studies are transformed to a common measure, namely, correlation coefficients. These studies represent a total sample of 202,823 persons and produce a data base of 1,136 correlations between self-ratings and performance measures. A range in the relationship of —. 77 to . 96 was reported with an “average” correlation of . 21. It was found that this average relationship was modified by a number of variables. The more significant modifiers of the average relationship were the grade-level of subjects, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, ability of subjects, self-term used in the study, name of self-test used, type and name of performance/achievement measures, and the reliability of both the self-ratings and performance/achievement measures.
Intersection of family, work and leisure during academic training

For advanced academic trainees (i.e. doctoral students and postdoctoral trainees), success in the academy often involves stepping away from an ordinary ‘9 to 5’ working environment and into a space where workaholic tendencies are largely encouraged. While the daily care and nurturing of a family can be demanding (and itself represents a form of unpaid, often gendered, labour), evidence suggests that children can offer positive emotional benefits for parents, help curb workaholic tendencies, and offer a reason to step away from work and have fun with the family through leisure. This conceptual paper examines the realities of managing family and work lives for academic trainees, a group that has been largely under-recognized in published literature. Issues such as the current work-related expectations for academics (and the ways these expectations can influence leisure), the gendered experience of the academy and family life among academic trainees and the potential benefits of family to academic pursuits will be discussed. Specific strategies that could be implemented to assist academic trainee families, including enrolment and work schedule flexibility, increased institutional support policies and more family-friendly trainee leisure opportunities will also be explored. This conceptual work suggests that academic trainees may face unique challenges with regard to work/family management and, thus, require specific consideration by the research community and academic administrators.
Fatigue in Learning and Performance of a Gross Tracking Task

A total of 75 10-sec. trials on a novel gross two-handed tracking task were given to 58 Ss over 2 days. Following the first 3 trials under control non-fatigue conditions, the experimental group performed a 4-min. initial exercise bout and further 1-min. bouts that were interpolated between 1-min. periods of continuous practice on the learning task. The control group followed the same procedures except that a vowel-cancelling task was substituted for the exercise task. The view that moderately heavy levels of physical fatigue cause little or no impairment in the learning and performance of motor skills which depend highly upon exteroceptive information was supported by the results.
Characteristics associated with use or intention to use indoor tanning among adolescents.

BACKGROUND Indoor tanning is a popular behavior that may increase skin cancer risk. OBJECTIVE To examine characteristics associated with use or intention to use indoor tanning among adolescents. METHODS A telephone interview was conducted with 1273 adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years, in the Minneapolis-St Paul, Minn, and Boston, Mass, metropolitan areas. Questions included demographic and phenotypic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, social factors, use of indoor tanning, and intention to tan indoors. RESULTS Twelve percent of boys and 42% of girls had tanned indoors. Among nontanners, 22.4% planned to start, and 77.2% of tanners planned to continue tanning indoors. Nontanners and tanners at risk for future indoor tanning use were each significantly more likely to be female, less likely to use sun protection, less knowledgeable about skin cancer risks, more likely to agree that tans were attractive, and more strongly influenced by social factors compared with their low-risk counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that intention to tan indoors may identify a group of adolescents at risk for adopting the behavior; prospective studies are needed for confirmation.