Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
`We've All Got The Bug For Euro-Aways'

It is well established that sport helps to produce and maintain national identities. However, the relationship between football and European identities has received only limited attention. This article questions whether football assists the production of European identities. To test this, data were collected from RAOTL e-zine (found at www.raotl.co.uk/), which is an Internet messageboard used by Liverpool Football Club supporters. From this data, a random sample consisting of 107 days of fan comments — collected over a 14-month period — was analysed using a frame analysis technique. The unfolding argument is that, in the sense of football competition, Liverpool supporters gave favourable narratives which related to UEFA club competition, which constituted a form of European identity and transnational fan experiences enchanted supporters' discourse.
1.3 kilobases of the lung type I cell T1α gene promoter mimics endogenous gene expression patterns during development but lacks sequences to enhance expression in perinatal and adult lung

The T1α gene is one of few markers for the type I cell phenotype in the adult mammalian lung. Type I cells form a large, thin epithelial layer that facilitates gas exchange and transport of fluids between the air spaces and capillaries. The T1α gene has a complex pattern of developmental expression in lung and brain; in vitro studies indicate that expression is regulated in part by thyroid transcription factor 1, forkhead proteins, and Sp1/Sp3 proteins. To explore the mechanisms that confine T1α expression in intact adult animals to alveolar type I and choroid plexus epithelial cells, we generated mice bearing a 1.3‐kb T1α promoter‐chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In situ hybridization and RNase protection assays show that the 1.3‐kb promoter confers a pattern of CAT expression that largely matches the endogenous T1α in embryos and mid‐term fetuses in lung and central nervous system. However, the 1.3‐kb promoter lacks elements important for perinatal up‐regulation of T1α in the lung and maintenance of that expression in the adult lung and brain. The final adult pattern of T1α expression may be directed by elements outside the 1.3‐kb fragment, perhaps those 5' to the 1.3‐kb fragment as we show herein, or in 3' and intronic regions. Dev Dyn 1999;215:319–331. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a Low-Cost Kilohertz-Driven Plasma Pen Operated in Ar Gas

This work describes the physical properties of a self-designed kilohertz-driven plasma pen operated in Ar designed for biomedical applications. The special design of the plasma pen resulted in stable operation at gas flow as low as 100 cm<sup>3</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>. Important plasma parameters such as electron concentration n<sub>e</sub>, electron temperature T<sub>e</sub> and gas temperature T<sub>g</sub>, and geometry of the discharge jet were estimated using both electric measurements and optical emission spectroscopy.
Inferring Causality from Corresponding Variances

A method for inferring causal relations in correlational research is described. A Monte Carlo experiment demonstrates the ability of the method to differentiate simulated independent and dependent variables under certain conditions. These conditions include use of independent variables orthogonal to each other and account for all of the variance of the dependent variable. The method is potentially a substantial improvement over techniques currently used to infer causality in that it assesses the existence and direction of causal relations between variables in correlational contexts.
The relationship between emotional intelligence and altruism among South Korean central government officials

I examined the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) with altruistic-distant behavior and altruistic-local behavior among public officials in the South Korean Central Government. Because South Korean public officials are accustomed to a strong bureaucratic system and value personal connections, I predicted that they would generate higher altruistic-local behavior than altruistic-distant behavior. Results showed that all EI factors were significantly and positively associated with altruistic-distant behavior, and altruistic-local behavior was associated with factors of awareness of others’ emotions and management of one’s own emotions. Individuals with high EI exhibited both altruistic-local behavior and altruistic-distant behavior in the workplace, regardless of their personal connections.
Social Motives and Expectations in One-Shot Asymmetric Prisoner's Dilemmas

We propose a formal-behavioral framework with 3 components: nonselfish motives, expectations about others' nonselfish motives, and a game-theoretic component. For nonselfish motives, 3 nonstandard utility models representing altruism, inequality aversion, and norms are considered. Expectations are modeled as certain versus uncertain expectations. The game-theoretic component predicts behavior of actors and actors' expectations about behaviors of others. This framework is applied to asymmetric one-shot prisoner's dilemmas; predictions are tested experimentally. Formal analyses show that asymmetry provides new predictions through which nonstandard utility-expectation models can be distinguished. Empirical tests show that the inequality aversion model does considerably worse than altruistic and normative variants. Statistical tests for own motives, expected motives, and the association between the two are provided, while accounting for decision noise.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Marriage and Family Literature.

This research demonstrates that several quantifiable characteristics of articles in the marriage and family area are substantially related to subsequent impact in the field, based on bibliometric citation analysis. Articles are more frequently cited when they are explicitly linked to prior literature in the marriage and family field, to more current ongoing research not yet published, and to contemporary theorists in gender and sex roles. Consistent with studies of other science fields, the works published by the more eminent, highly cited scholars are more likely to be cited. However, contrary to other fields, collaborative work in marriage and the family does not yield higher visibility. The implications of these results to the field are discussed, and further analyses are proposed to supplement this bibliometric assessment and to explore some tentative conclusions.
Unbounded length contexts for PPM

The prediction by partial matching (PPM) data compression scheme has set the performance standard in lossless compression of text throughout the past decade. The original algorithm was first published in 1984 by Cleary and Witten, and a series of improvements was described by Moffat (1990), culminating in a careful implementation, called PPMC, which has become the benchmark version. This still achieves results superior to virtually all other compression methods, despite many attempts to better it. PPM, is a finite-context statistical modeling technique that can be viewed as blending together several fixed-order context models to predict the next character in the input sequence. Prediction probabilities for each context in the model are calculated from frequency counts which are updated adaptively; and the symbol that actually occurs is encoded relative to its predicted distribution using arithmetic coding. The paper describes a new algorithm, PPM*, which exploits contexts of unbounded length. It reliably achieves compression superior to PPMC, although our current implementation uses considerably greater computational resources (both time and space). The basic PPM compression scheme is described, showing the use of contexts of unbounded length, and how it can be implemented using a tree data structure. Some results are given that demonstrate an improvement of about 6% over the old method.
Optimization for a special class of traffic flow models: Combinatorial and continuous approaches

In this article, we discuss the optimization of a linearized traffic flow network model based on conservation laws. We present two solution approaches. One relies on the classical Lagrangian formalism (or adjoint calculus), whereas another one uses a discrete mixed-integer framework. We show how both approaches are related to each other. Numerical experiments are accompanied to show the quality of solutions.
Better Liked than Right

A persuasive message on the subject of international maritime boundaries was presented in pamphlet form to 1055 students in four countries. Trustworthiness and expertise of the source were manipulated in a 2 x 2 x 4factorial design of the after-only type to assess the relative impact of each component on the communicator's persuasiveness. Main effects were found for both country and trustworthiness. Overall, the expert and trustworthy source generated the most opinion change. However, the trustworthy communicator was more persuasive, whether expert or not.
Angiopoietin-2 Is Critical for Cytokine-Induced Vascular Leakage

Genetic experiments (loss-of-function and gain-of-function) have established the role of Angiopoietin/Tie ligand/receptor tyrosine kinase system as a regulator of vessel maturation and quiescence. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) acts on Tie2-expressing resting endothelial cells as an antagonistic ligand to negatively interfere with the vessel stabilizing effects of constitutive Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling. Ang-2 thereby controls the vascular response to inflammation-inducing as well as angiogenesis-inducing cytokines. This study was aimed at assessing the role of Ang-2 as an autocrine (i.e. endothelial-derived) regulator of rapid vascular responses (within minutes) caused by permeability-inducing agents. Employing two independent in vivo assays to quantitatively assess vascular leakage (tracheal microsphere assay, 1–5 min and Miles assay, 20 min), the immediate vascular response to histamine, bradykinin and VEGF was analyzed in Ang-2-deficient (Ang-2−/−) mice. In comparison to the wild type control mice, the Ang2−/− mice demonstrated a significantly attenuated response. The Ang-2−/− phenotype was rescued by systemic administration (paracrine) of an adenovirus encoding Ang-2. Furthermore, cytokine-induced intracellular calcium influx was impaired in Ang-2−/− endothelioma cells, consistent with reduced phospholipase activation in vivo. Additionally, recombinant human Ang-2 (rhAng-2) alone was unable to induce vascular leakage. In summary, we report here in a definite genetic setting that Ang-2 is critical for multiple vascular permeability-inducing cytokines.
2 9 O ct 2 01 5 Quantum Compressed Sensing Using 2-Designs

We develop a method for quantum process tomography that combines the efficiency of compressed sensing with the robustness of randomized benchmarking. Our method is robust to state preparation and measurement errors, and it achieves a quadratic speedup over conventional tomography when the unknown process is a generic unitary evolution. Our method is based on PhaseLift, a convex programming technique for phase retrieval. We show that this method achieves approximate recovery of almost all signals, using measurements sampled from spherical or unitary 2-designs. This is the first positive result on PhaseLift using 2-designs. We also show that exact recovery of all signals is possible using unitary 4-designs. Previous positive results for PhaseLift required spherical 4-designs, while PhaseLift was known to fail in certain cases when using spherical 2-designs.
Progressive decrease of left Heschl gyrus and planum temporale gray matter volume in first-episode schizophrenia: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND The Heschl gyrus and planum temporale have crucial roles in auditory perception and language processing. Our previous investigation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated smaller gray matter volumes bilaterally in the Heschl gyrus and in left planum temporale in patients with first-episode schizophrenia but not in patients with first-episode affective psychosis. We sought to determine whether there are progressive decreases in anatomically defined MRI gray matter volumes of the Heschl gyrus and planum temporale in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and also in patients with first-episode affective psychosis. METHODS At a private psychiatric hospital, we conducted a prospective high spatial resolution MRI study that included initial scans of 28 patients at their first hospitalization (13 with schizophrenia and 15 with affective psychosis, 13 of whom had a manic psychosis) and 22 healthy control subjects. Follow-up scans occurred, on average, 1.5 years after the initial scan. RESULTS Patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed significant decreases in gray matter volume over time in the left Heschl gyrus (6.9%) and left planum temporale (7.2%) compared with patients with first-episode affective psychosis or control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a left-biased progressive volume reduction in the Heschl gyrus and planum temporale gray matter in patients with first-episode schizophrenia in contrast to patients with first-episode affective psychosis and control subjects. Schizophrenia but not affective psychosis seems to be characterized by a postonset progression of neocortical gray matter volume loss in the left superior temporal gyrus and thus may not be developmentally fixed.
Frustrated with the system: The professional entry of psychologists

This article focuses on the challenges faced by novice psychologists when they enter a workplace as professional practitioners for the first time. The article is based on interview data from a longitudinal study of recently graduated psychologists. The data, consisting of 64 interviews with 22 participants, were analysed according to qualitative content analysis. The participants in the study found it difficult to understand how the organizational system worked, they were challenged by time and work pressure and they found working in a multidisciplinary work environment to be surprisingly demanding. Frustration seemed to increase during the first year of work. As the novices gained more experience, they increasingly attributed the challenges to external factors. The findings are discussed in light of both educational preparation and organizational socialization. Possible implications for practice are suggested.
Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10: A psychometric study in Chinese university students

Chinese university students often suffer from acute stress, which can affect their mental health. We measured and evaluated perceived stress in this population using the Simplified Chinese version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (SCPSS-10). The SCPSS-10, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) were conducted in 1096 university students. Two weeks later, 129 participants were re-tested using the SCPSS-10. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors with Eigen values of 4.76 and 1.48, accounting for 62.41% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit of this two-factor model. The internal consistency reliability, as measured by Cronbach’s α, was 0.85. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.7. The SCPSS-10 exhibited high correlation with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, indicating an acceptable concurrent validity. The SCPSS-10 exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties in Chinese university students.
Is Hemoglobin Level in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Still a Significant Prognostic Factor in the Era of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Technology?

Background Hemoglobin (Hb) levels are regarded as an important determinant of outcome in a number of cancers treated with radiotherapy. However, for patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), information regarding the prognostic value of hemoglobin level is scarce. Patients and Methods A total of 650 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), enrolled between May, 2005, and November, 2012, were included in this study. The prognostic significance of hemoglobin level (anemia or no-anemia) at three different time points was investigated, including before treatment, during treatment and at the last week of treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the log–rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively. Results The 5-year OS (overall survival) rate of patients who were anemia and no-anemia before treatment were 89.1%, and 80.7% (P = 0.01), respectively. The 5-year DMFS (distant metastasis-free survival) rate of patients who were anemia and no-anemia before treatment were 88.9%, and 78.2% (P = 0.01), respectively. The 5-year OS rate of patients who were anemia and no-anemia during treatment were 91.7% and 83.3% (P = 0.004). According to multivariate analysis, the pre-treatment Hb level predicted a decreased DMFS (P = 0.007, HR = 2.555, 95% CI1.294–5.046). Besides, the mid-treatment Hb level predicted a decreased OS (P = 0.013, HR = 2.333, 95% CI1.199–4.541). Conclusions Hemoglobin level is a useful prognostic factor in NPC patients receiving IMRT. It is important to control the level of hemoglobin both before and during chemoradiotherapy.
Impact of Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment on Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Changes in Diabetic Type 2 and Nondiabetic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vascular diseases are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment on morphologic and hemodynamic vascular parameters of carotid arteries in diabetic type 2 and nondiabetic patients with ESRD during the period of one year after the start of PD treatment using ultrasonography of carotid arteries and their relation on uremia and PD inherent factors. Mean intima-media thickness, plaque score, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and carotid diameter significantly decreased 12 months after PD treatment start in both groups. Significant reduction in median serum endothelin-1 concentration after 12 months on PD treatment was observed in the group of patients with DM (7.6–5.9 pg/mL) and also in group of patients without DM (3.6–3.3 pg/mL). Also median nitric oxide concentration significantly increased after 12 months on PD compared to baseline levels both in patients with DM (25.0–34.3 μmol/L) as was observed in patients without DM (49.6–56.5 μmol/L). PD treatment, with the regulation of these vasoactive molecules and other vascular risk factors, significantly contributes to vascular remodeling, especially in DM patients.
Impact of the ALLHAT/JNC7 Dissemination Project on thiazide-type diuretic use.

BACKGROUND Strategies are needed to improve the translation of clinical trial results into practice. We assessed the impact of the ALLHAT/JNC7 Dissemination Project's academic detailing component on thiazide-type diuretic prescribing (ALLHAT indicates Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial; JNC7 indicates the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure). METHODS We used 2 national databases available from IMS Health: a physician survey of medications reported for hypertension and a pharmacy dispensing database on antihypertensive medications. At a county level, we correlated medication data with Dissemination Project intensity. Practices before the Dissemination Project in 2004 were compared with those after its completion in 2007. We also examined 2000-2008 national trends. RESULTS Academic detailing reached 18 524 physicians in 1698 venues via 147 investigator-educators. We noted an association between ALLHAT/JNC7 academic detailing activities and increased prescribing of thiazide-type diuretics. Physician survey data showed that the percentage of hypertension visits where the physician recorded a thiazide-type diuretic increased the most in counties where academic detailing activity was the highest (an increase of 8.6%, from 37.9% to 46.5%) compared with counties where activity was moderate (an increase of 2%) or low (a decrease of 2%), or where there was none (an increase of 2%; P value for trend, <.05). Pharmacy dispensing data showed that thiazide-type diuretic prescribing increased by 8.7% in counties with Dissemination Project activities compared with 3.9% in those without activities (P < .001). Nationally, thiazide-type diuretic use did not increase between 2004 and 2008. CONCLUSIONS The ALLHAT/JNC7 Dissemination Project was associated with a small effect on thiazide-type diuretic use consistent with its small dose and the potential of external factors to diminish its impact. Academic detailing may increase physicians' implementation of clinical trial results, thereby making prescribing more consistent with evidence.
Sun exposure may protect against non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A case‐control study

Ultraviolet radiation is a hypothesised risk factor for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but no epidemiological study has examined this association using direct measures of sun exposure in individuals. Adults aged 20–74 years living in NSW and ACT, Australia, were the study population. Cases (704 of 829 invited to take part, 85%) were diagnosed January 2000 to August 2001. Controls (694 of 1,136 invited to take part, 61%) were randomly selected from state electoral rolls and frequency‐matched to cases by age, sex and state of residence. A self‐administered questionnaire and telephone interview measured outdoor hours on working and nonworking days and vacations at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 years of age. Logistic regression models of NHL and sun exposure contained the 3 matching variables, ethnicity and sun sensitivity measures as covariates. Contrary to expectations, risk of NHL fell with increasing reported sun exposure hours. Relative to 1.0 for the lowest quarter of total sun exposure hours, the odds ratios (ORs) for successively higher quarters were 0.72 (95% CI 0.53–0.98), 0.66 (0.48–0.91) and 0.65 (0.46–0.91) (ptrend=0.01). The association of sun exposure on nonworking days with NHL was stronger; OR for highest quarter 0.47 (0.34–0.66) (ptrend=0.0001). Risk also fell with sun exposure on vacations; OR for highest quarter 0.60 (0.43–0.85) (ptrend=0.003). These associations appeared strongest in women and in childhood. There was little evident trend in risk with exposure on working day. Our results provide strong statistical evidence for an inverse association between sun exposure and NHL. Increasing evidence that vitamin D may protect against cancer makes UV‐mediated synthesis of vitamin D a plausible mechanism whereby sun exposure might protect against NHL. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.