Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Network of Mitomycin C Action in Human Colon Cancer Cells

A network composed of activation and inactivation pathways to regulate mitomycin C (MMC) action is suggested to exist in human cancer cells. COLO201 colon cancer cells were stably transfected with human NQO1 cDNA that encodes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (DT‐diaphorase, DTD), and a clonal cell line with about 57‐fold elevated DTD activity was obtained. Northern analysis revealed that expression of the NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase) gene was decreased in the transfectant, COLO201/NQO1, associated with the increase of NQO1 expression. Biochemical characterization of the cells showed a significant increase of the glutathione (GSH) content concomitantly with the decrease of the P450 reductase activity. As a result of these coordinated modulations, sensitivity of COLO201/NQO1 to MMC was not increased as compared to the parent cells. Analyses of inhibition by specific inhibitors of DTD, P450 reductase and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in 5 human colon cancer cell lines including the transfectant showed that DTD and P450 reductase play significant roles in MMC activation in cells with sufficiently high DTD activity and with marginal DTD activity, respectively. In contrast, GST appeared to participate in MMC inactivation in cells with a high level of GST activity. These results indicated that DTD, P450 reductase, GSH and GST may act together compensatively or competitively, depending on their levels in cells, to determine the cellular sensitivity to MMC.
Profiles of Youths With PTSD and Addiction

ABSTRACT Objective: Understanding the relationship between PTSD and addiction in adolescents may dramatically improve evidence-based practice in child psychiatry. We hypothesized that in a sample of substance addicted youth, PTSD would correlate with (1) female gender and racial minority status, (2) preference for anxiolytic substances, (3) higher burden of self injury and suicide attempts, and (4) earlier age of first use. Methods: One-hundred and ninety-five adolescents (52% female, ages 14–18) were court-referred to residential treatment and assessed at intake. Multi-informant data regarding Axis I diagnostic status and other clinical variables were collected via rater-administered, semi-structured interviews; medical chart review; and youth, parent, and clinician reports. Differences between subjects were evaluated using Fisher's exact test for binary variables or Kruskal-Wallis Chi-Square Test. Results: Substance dependent youth with comorbid PTSD were significantly more likely to be female and Latino. PTSD was correlated with preference for alcohol, narcotics, tranquilizers and inhalants. In addition, PTSD was correlated with higher burden of self-injury and suicidal behavior. Youth with PTSD were also more likely to have begun using before age 13 and reported that PTSD symptoms preceded first use. Conclusions: Girls and Latinos may be particularly vulnerable in developing comorbid substance dependence and PTSD. Drug preferences among youth with PTSD may reflect tendencies to target symptoms such as hypervigilance and anxiety. The recognition and early intervention among youth with trauma could prevent early first use and eventual substance dependency.
Detection and Typing of Multiple Genital Human Papillomaviruses by DNA Amplification with Consensus Primers

Many types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with genital lesions. In order to develop simple and sensitive diagnostic procedures for HPV infection, we took advantage of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared the published nucleotide sequences of the LI region from six genital HPV types and designed a pair of consensus primers for LI region. The PCR with the consensus primers for LI region (Ll‐PCR) could amplify at least nine genital HPV types, 6,11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58, and the amplified HPV DNA could be typed by subsequent restriction mapping. Ll‐PCR was compared to Southern blot analysis and also to the consensus primer‐mediated PCR for E6 region (E6‐PCR) described before. Although both our PCR systems are nonradioactive, the sensitivity in detecting HPV DNA was even better than that obtained by using Southern blot analysis. By means of the PCR systems we detected HPV DNA in 100% of cervical condylomas (10/10), 92% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (33/36) and 96% of invasive cervical carcinomas (53/55), while we detected HPV DNA in 12% of normal cervices (12/102).
Presence of endothelial progenitor cells, distinct from mature endothelial cells, within human CD146+ blood cells

Summary CD146 is an adhesion molecule present on endothelial cells throughout the vascular tree. CD146 is also expressed by circulating endothelial cells (CECs) widely considered to be mature endothelial cells detached from injured vessels. The discovery of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) originating from bone marrow prompted us to investigate whether CD146 circulating cells could also contains EPCs. We tested this hypothesis using an approach combining elimination of CECs by an adhesion step, followed by immunomagnetic sorting of remaining CD146+ cells from the non adherent fraction of cord blood mononuclear cells. When cultured under endothelial-promoting conditions, these cells differentiated as late outgrowth endothelial colonies: they grew as a cobblestone monolayer, were uniformly positive for endothelial markers and did not express leukocyte antigens. They highly proliferated and were expanded in long-term culture without alterations of their phenotypic and functional properties (DiI-ac-LDL uptake, wound repair, capillary-like network formation, and TNFα response). Moreover, these cells colonized a Matrigel plug in immunodeficient mice (NOD/SCID). Finally, using 4-color flow cytometry analysis of purified CD34+ cells, we clearly discriminated, CD146+ EPCs (CD146+ CD34+ CD45+ CD133+ or CD117+), and CD146+ CECs (CD146+ CD34+, CD45− CD133− or CD117−), both in cord and adult peripheral blood. The relative proportions of the two CD146+ subsets varied in patients with myocardial infarction as compared to healthy subjects. Our study establishes that, beside CECs, CD146+ circulating cells contain a subpopulation of EPCs with potential use in proangiogenic therapy. In addition, the dual measurement of CD146+ CECs and CD146+ EPCs offers a promising tool for monitoring vascular injury/regeneration processes in clinical situations.
Monoclonal Anti 38-KD Immunohistochemistry: A Novel Method for Improving the Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

Background: The clinical and histological criteria used to diagnose lymphadenitis caused by MTB organisms have low sensitivity, and poor specificity. We report a novel method for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis that uses Monoclonal anti 38-KD immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the 38- KD antigen on formalin-fixed tissue biopsies. This antigen has not been detected in non- tuberculous mycobacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of IS6110 from DNA obtained from the biopsies was used as a gold standard in this Study. Methodology: Of 718 lymphadenopathy cases, 42 pediatric cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis with histologically suspected tuberculosis obtained from Sudan were evaluated. Z.N stain, IHC and PCR techniques were used for diagnosis. Positive and negative control for IHC and PCR were used to standardize the assays. Result: Z.N stain, IHC, and PCR positivity were observed in 1/42(2.4%), 33/42(78.6%), and 33/42(78.6%) of granulomatous lymphadenitis cases respectively. Z.N stain had sensitivity, specificity, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 2.9%, 100%, 100%, and 55% respectively, while IHC had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: IHC w i t h anti-38-KD antiserum is a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for establishing an etiological diagnosis of Pediatric tuberculosis in histologic specimens. It can be standardized and performed by trained technicians in routine laboratory.
Abnormal Expression of Blood Group–related Antigens in Uterine Endometrial Cancers

The expression of A, B, and H group antigens, Lewis group antigens (Lewisa, Lewisb, Lewisx, and Lewisy), and Lc4 and nLc4 antigens, the precursor antigens of both groups, was examined immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies in 9 normal endometria, 6 endometrial hyperplasias, and 31 endometrial cancers. 1) A, B and/or H antigens were detected in endometrial cancers at an incidence of 51.6%, while no distinct localization of these antigens was observed in normal endometria. H antigen, the precursor of A and B antigens, was particularly frequently detected in endometerial cancers. 2) An increased rate of expression of Lewis group antigens, particularly Lewisb antigen, was observed in endometrial cancers compared with its expression in normal endometria. 3) Lc4 and nLc4 antigens were detected in endometrial cancers at rates of 41.9% and 38.7%, respectively, these expressions being increased compared with those in normal endometria. 4) These results suggest that a highly abnormal expression of blood group–related antigens in endometrial cancers occurs not only at the level of A, B, and H antigens and Lewis group antigens, but also at the level of their precursor Lc4 and nLc4 antigens. 5) Lewisa, Lewisb, and Lc4 antigens, built on the type–1 chain, are more specific to endometrial cancers than their respective positional isomers, Lewisx, Lewisy, and nLc4 antigens, built on the type–2 chain.
Sound production in neonate sperm whales (L)

Acoustic data from two sperm whale neonates (Physeter macrocephalus) in rehabilitation are presented and implications for sound production and function are discussed. The clicks of neonate sperm whale are very different from usual clicks of adult specimens in that neonate clicks are of low directionality [SL anomaly (0°–90°) <8 dB], long duration (2–12 ms), and low frequency (centroid frequency between 300 and 1700 Hz) with estimated SLs between 140 and 162 dB//1 μPa (rms). Such neonate clicks are unsuited for biosonar, but can potentially convey homing information between calves and submerged conspecifics in open ocean waters at ranges of some 2 km. Moreover, it is demonstrated that sperm whale clicks are produced at the anterior placed monkey lips, thereby substantiating a key point in the modified Norris and Harvey theory and supporting the unifying theory of sound production in odontocetes.
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF RESONANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND ELECTRICAL SIZE OF THE DOUBLE-SIDED SRR, BC-SRR AND CONVENTIONAL SRR TYPE METAMATERIALS FOR VARYING SUBSTRATE PARAMETERS

This paper introduces a planar µ-negative (MNG) metamaterial structure, called double-sided split ring resonator (DSRR), which combines the features of a conventional SRR and a broadside-coupled SRR (BC-SRR) to obtain much better miniaturization at microwave frequencies for a given physical cell size. In this study, electromagnetic transmission characteristics of DSRR, BC-SRR and conventional SRR are investigated in a comparative manner for varying values of substrate parameters which are thickness, the real part of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent. Simulation results have shown that magnetic resonance patterns of all these three structures are affected in a similar way from variations in permittivity and in loss tangent. However, changes in substrate thickness affect their resonance characteristics quite differently: In response to decreasing substrate thickness, resonance frequency of the SRR increases slowly while the bandwidth and the depth of its resonance curve do not change much. For the DSRR and BC- SRR structures, on the other hand, resonance frequency, half power bandwidth and the depth of resonance curve strongly decrease with decreasing substrate thickness. Among these three structures, all having the same unit cell dimensions, the newly suggested DSRR is found to reach the lowest resonance frequency, hence the smallest electrical size, which is a highly desired property not only for more effective medium approximation but also for miniaturization in RF design. The BC-SRR, on the other hand, provides the largest
Active learning through online quizzes: better learning and less (busy) work

Abstract Active learning is increasingly promoted within institutions of higher education to assist students develop higher order thinking and link knowledge to meaning. In this paper, the authors evaluate the use of weekly online quizzes based on prescribed preparatory material as a tool to incentivize preparatory reading in order to enable and encourage active learning. The study is based on mixed data sources, including three years of student-evaluation data, to understand student perceptions of the role and value of online quizzes. The study shows a high level of student engagement with the quizzes and positive assessment of their role in encouraging the completion of prescribed reading. Online quizzes were found to be an effective mechanism for incentivizing student completion of preparatory work, enhancing active learning (such as through in-class discussions), and were relatively time efficient from the perspective of the educator.
Ascaris from Humans and Pigs Appear to Be Reproductively Isolated Species

Ascaris from humans and pigs appear to be reproductively isolated species Søe, Martin Jensen; Kapel, Christian; Nejsum, Peter Published in: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd. 0004855 Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Søe, M. J., Kapel, C. M. O. , & Nejsum, P. (2016). Ascaris from humans and pigs appear to be reproductively isolated species. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd. 0004855
Evaluating Internal Model Strength and Performance of Myoelectric Prosthesis Control Strategies

Ongoing developments in myoelectric prosthesis control have provided prosthesis users with an assortment of control strategies that vary in reliability and performance. Many studies have focused on improving performance by providing feedback to the user, but have overlooked the effect of this feedback on internal model development, which is key to improving long-term performance. In this work, the strength of internal models developed for two commonly used myoelectric control strategies: raw control with raw feedback (using a regression-based approach), and filtered control with filtered feedback (using a classifier-based approach), were evaluated using two psychometric measures: trial-by-trial adaptation and just-noticeable-difference. The performance of both strategies was also evaluated using a Schmidt’s style target acquisition task. Results obtained from 24 able-bodied subjects showed that although filtered control with filtered feedback had better short-term performance in path efficiency (p < 0.05), raw control with raw feedback resulted in stronger internal model development (p < 0.05), which may lead to better long-term performance. Despite inherent noise in the control signals of the regression controller, these findings suggest that rich feedback associated with regression control may be used to improve human understanding of the myoelectric control system. Index Terms Prosthetics, electromyography, support vector machines, internal model, learning, performance, muscles, control systems, mathematical model, real-time systems, testing
A Discrete Fiber Dispersion Method for Excluding Fibers under Compression in the Modeling of Fibrous Tissues

Recently, micro-sphere based methods derived from the angular integration approach have been used for excluding fibers under compression in the modeling of soft biological tissues. However, recent studies have revealed that many of the widely used numerical integration schemes over the unit sphere are inaccurate for large deformation problems even without excluding fibers under compression. Thus, in this study, we propose a discrete fiber dispersion model based on a systematic method for discretizing a unit hemisphere into a finite number of elementary areas, such as spherical triangles. Over each elementary area we define a representative fiber direction and a discrete fiber density. Then, the strain energy of all the fibers distributed over each elementary area is approximated based on the deformation of the representative fiber direction weighted by the corresponding discrete fiber density. A summation of fiber contributions over all elementary areas then yields the resultant fiber strain energy. This treatment allows us to exclude fibers under compression in a discrete manner by evaluating the tension–compression status of the representative fiber directions only. We have implemented this model in a finite element program and illustrate it with three representative examples, including simple tension and simple shear of a unit cube, and non-homogeneous uniaxial extension of a rectangular strip. The results of all three examples are consistent and accurate compared with the previously developed continuous fiber dispersion model, and that is achieved with a substantial reduction of computational cost.
The Predictive Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Nm23 for the Diagnosis of Occult Metastasis in Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer

We assessed the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nml23 expression with occult micrometastasis in lung cancer. As destination sites for micrometastasis, we scrutinized lymph node (LN) and bone marrow (BM) specimens. For LN, 122 stage I patients who had received curative operations were studied. As regards BM, 203 patients in stage I‐IV who underwent operations were registered. Immunohistochemical anti‐cytokeratin staining was used to detect microdissemination of cancer cells. The VEGF and the nm23 expression at the primary sites were immunohistochemically studied in 285 cases in total. The percentages of the patients with micro‐dissemination were 28.7% for LN and 42.4% for BM. The outcome for the patients with LN or BM microdissemination was significantly worse than that for patients without it. The increased VEGF and the decreased nm23 expression within primary tumors were significantly associated with LN and BM microdissemination. The results indicate possible value of using these biological markers to predict the risk of systemic micrometastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer.
LOAN PORTFOLIO STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT-OWNED BANKS IN INDONESIA : DOES SIZE MATTER ?

Government-owned banks represent the smallest number of banks in Indonesia (25% of all banks) but have a dominant market share of almost 50% in the loan market. Studies previous to this one do not address the effect of size differences on the loan portfolio structures and performance of such banks. The objective of this study is to add to the literature in this area by determining whether small and large Indonesian government-owned banks differ in terms of their loan portfolio structures and performance. The study covers the 2003 to 2011 period. Descriptive statistics, univariate statistics and generalized least squares estimation are applied. The findings show that the loan portfolio structures and returns of small and large government-owned banks differ significantly.
The Presence of CA19‐9 in Serum and Saliva from Lewis Blood‐group Negative Cancer Patients

Eighteen cancer patients showed high levels of CA19‐9 in sera, even though the blood‐group phenotypes of their red blood cells were Le(a — b —). Seven of these patients (group I) were determined as Le(a — b —) from both red blood cells and saliva consistently, whereas eleven other patients (group II) secreted either Lea or Leb antigen in saliva and showed the expression of incompatible Lewis blood‐group antigens. GDP‐fucose: N‐acetyl‐glucosaminide a(1 × 4)‐L‐fucosyltransferase was demonstrated to be present in salivas from both group I and group II. These results suggest that a cancer‐associated alteration of Lewis blood‐group antigen expression occurs in cancer patients.
Canine mammary tumors as a model for human disease

Animal models for examining human breast cancer (HBC) carcinogenesis have been extensively studied and proposed. With the recent advent of immunotherapy, significant attention has been focused on the dog as a model for human cancer. Dogs develop mammary tumors and other cancer types spontaneously with an intact immune system, which exhibit a number of clinical and molecular similarities to HBC. In addition to the spontaneous tumor presentation, the clinical similarities between human and canine mammary tumors (CMT) include the age at onset, hormonal etiology and course of the diseases. Furthermore, factors that affect the disease outcome, including tumor size, stage and lymph node invasion, are similar in HBC and CMT. Similarly, the molecular characteristics of steroid receptor, epidermal growth factor, proliferation marker, metalloproteinase and cyclooxygenase expression, and the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in CMT, mimic HBC. Furthermore, ductal carcinomas in situ in human and canine mammary glands are particularly similar in their pathological, molecular and visual characteristics. These CMT characteristics and their similarities to HBC indicate that the dog could be an excellent model for the study of human disease. These similarities are discussed in detail in the present review, and are compared with the in vitro and other in vivo animal models available.
Correlations between tetragonality, polarization, and ionic displacement in PbTiO 3 -derived ferroelectric perovskite solid solutions

We use first-principles density-functional theory calculations to investigate the dependence of tetragonality on local structure in a variety of ferroelectric solid solutions. We demonstrate that tetragonality is strongly coupled to the B-cation displacement and weakly coupled to the A-cation displacement. Examination of various BiMO3 additives to PbTiO3 for different M 3+ ionic sizes reveals that substitution of either small B cations or low doping of large B cations gives rise to large spontaneous polarization and tetragonality. Understanding how the phase transition temperature Tc and tetragonality are affected by Pband Bi-based perovskite additives provides a rational path for designing new high-temperature piezoelectric materials.