Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Effective Usage of Text Highlighting Techniques

Semi-automatic text analysis involves manual inspection of text. Often, different text annotations (like part-of-speech or named entities) are indicated by using distinctive text highlighting techniques. In typesetting there exist well-known formatting conventions, such as bold typeface, italics, or background coloring, that are useful for highlighting certain parts of a given text. Also, many advanced techniques for visualization and highlighting of text exist; yet, standard typesetting is common, and the effects of standard typesetting on the perception of text are not fully understood. As such, we surveyed and tested the effectiveness of common text highlighting techniques, both individually and in combination, to discover how to maximize pop-out effects while minimizing visual interference between techniques. To validate our findings, we conducted a series of crowd-sourced experiments to determine: i) a ranking of nine commonly-used text highlighting techniques; ii) the degree of visual interference between pairs of text highlighting techniques; iii) the effectiveness of techniques for visual conjunctive search. Our results show that increasing font size works best as a single highlighting technique, and that there are significant visual interferences between some pairs of highlighting techniques. We discuss the pros and cons of different combinations as a design guideline to choose text highlighting techniques for text viewers.
Identification, Cloning, and Characterization of Two N-Acetylgalactosamine-binding Lectins from the Albumen Gland of Helix pomatia

Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), the lectin from the albumen gland of the Roman snail, has been used in histochemical studies relating glycosylation changes to the metastatic potential of solid tumors. To facilitate the use of HPA in a clinical (diagnostic) setting, detailed analysis of the lectin, including cloning and recombinant production of HPA, is required. A combination of isoelectric focusing, amino acid sequence analysis, and cloning revealed two polypeptides in native HPA preparations (HPAI and HPAII), both consistent with GalNAc-binding lectins of the H-type family. Pairwise sequence alignment showed that HPAI and HPAII share 54% sequence identity whereas molecular modeling using SWISS-MODEL suggests they are likely to adopt similar tertiary structure. The inherent heterogeneity of native HPA highlighted the need for production of functional recombinant protein; this was addressed by preparing His-thioredoxin-tagged fusion products in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3) cells. The recombinant lectins agglutinated human blood group A erythrocytes whereas their oligosaccharide specificity, evaluated using glycan microarrays, showed that they predominantly bind glycans with terminal α-GalNAc residues. Surface plasmon resonance with immobilized GalNAc-BSA confirmed that recombinant HPAI and HPAII bind strongly with this ligand (Kd = 0.60 nm and 2.00 nm, respectively) with a somewhat higher affinity to native HPA (Kd = 7.67 nm). Recombinant HPAII also bound the breast cancer cells of breast cancer tissue specimens in a manner similar to native lectin. The recombinant HPA described here shows important potential for future studies of cancer cell glycosylation and as a reagent for cancer prognostication.
Src-dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates Dynamin Self-assembly and Ligand-induced Endocytosis of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor*

Endocytosis of ligand-activated receptors requires dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis, which is regulated by dynamin self-assembly. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of dynamin I by c-Src induces its self-assembly and increases its GTPase activity. Electron microscopic analyses reveal that tyrosine-phosphorylated dynamin I spontaneously self-assembles into large stacks of rings. Tyrosine 597 was identified as being phosphorylated both in vitro and in cultured cells following epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation. The replacement of tyrosine 597 with phenylalanine impairs Src kinase-induced dynamin I self-assembly and GTPase activity in vitro. Expression of Y597F dynamin I in cells attenuates agonist-driven epidermal growth factor receptor internalization. Thus, c-Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the function of dynamin in ligand-induced signaling receptor internalization.
Verbal overshadowing in visual imagery is due to recoding interference

Verbal overshadowing reflects the impairment in memory performance following verbalisation of nonverbal stimuli. A recent debate has concerned the mechanisms that govern the verbal overshadowing phenomenon in different domains. In the present paper, we explore the dynamics of verbal overshadowing in the imagery domain, by manipulating the presence of visual and verbal cues at retrieval. In particular, the role of self-generated names as retrieval cues was investigated to contrast the Transfer-Inappropriate Processing (TIP) and the Recoding Interference (RI) accounts of verbal overshadowing. Results from three experiments revealed that verbal overshadowing in visual imagery can be attenuated by any cues (visual or verbal) that trigger the activation of featural representations necessary to complete an image transformation task. Counterintuitively, like visual cues, self-generated common nouns, but not proper nouns or nonwords, significantly improved visual imagery performance, hence supporting a recoding interference account of VO.
Why do health systems matter? Exploring links between health systems and HIV response: a case study from Russia.

INTRODUCTION Studies on the relevance of stronger health systems to the success of vertical programmes has focused mainly on developing countries with fragile infrastructures and limited human resources. Research in middle-income, and particularly post-Soviet, settings has been scarce. This article examines the relationships between health system characteristics and the HIV response in Russia, the country which towards the end of the Soviet period had the world's highest ratios of doctors and hospital beds to population and yet struggled to address the growing threat of HIV/AIDS. METHODS The study is based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with policy-makers and senior health care managers in two Russian regions, and a review of published and unpublished sources on health systems and HIV in Russia. FINDINGS We identified a number of factors associated with the system's failure to address the epidemic. We argue that these factors are not unique to HIV/AIDS. The features of the wider health system within which the HIV response was set up influenced the structure and capacities of the programme, particularly its regulatory and clinical orientation; the discrepancy between formal commitments and implementation; the focus on screening services; and problems with scaling up interventions targeting high-risk groups. DISCUSSION The system-programme interplay is as important in middle-income countries as in poorer settings. An advanced health care infrastructure cannot protect health systems from potential failures in the delivery of vertical programmes. The HIV response cannot be effective, efficient and responsive to the needs of the population if the broader health system does not adhere to the same principles. Strengthening HIV responses in post-Soviet societies will require improvements in their wider health systems, namely advocacy of prevention for high-risk populations, reallocation of resources from curative towards preventive services, building decision-making capacities at the local level, and developing better working environments for health care staff.
Can the reputation of an established business school change?

A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in Business Administration. This paper examines the causes of business school reputation using two competing perspectives: the meritocratic and the institutional. The meritocratic perspective is based on the belief that reputation is an outcome of the business school’s achievements, which act as signals of organisational reputation. The institutional perspective highlights the importance of the institutional context in explaining reputation (business school past reputation and parent university reputation), minimising the effect of outcomes as reputation signals. The two perspectives are tested on a sample of US business schools via the use of multiple regressions and path analysis. The results lend weight to the institutional thesis, which brings into doubt the efficiency of short-term strategies that look to increase business school reputation.
Student Assistance Programs: New Approaches for Reducing Adolescent Substance Abuse.

In this article the authors describe school-based Student Assistance Programs (SAPs), which are designed to reduce adolescents' substance abuse. SAPs, modeled after Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) in the workplace, are identifying, assessing, referring, and managing the cases of substance-abusing students. Adoption of the SAP model is accelerating in response to the growing need to address substance-impaired youth with resources from both the school and the community.
Exploring the home-based use of microcomputers in aphasia therapy

Abstract The results of an investigation involving the installation of a microcomputer-based aphasia treatment system in the homes of 10 dysphasic stroke victims are reported. This study is a follow-up to a previous investigation and aims to explore issues raised by those outcomes. The design of the computer system was changed to address concerns about poor matching of material to the abilities of the subjects. This was done by monitoring each subject's performance while using the system, and by automatically varying the level of difficulty of the material accordingly. In addition, the treatment material was especially written for this system, whereas the computer system in the earlier study used exercises adapted from aphasia textbooks. The results offer further evidence of the feasibility of this mode of treatment and of patients' willingness to engage in it. The distribution of patient effort across the material in this system was much more even than in the earlier trials, suggesting that the strategy .
Person Deixis as Discursive Practice in Nigeria’s “June 12” Conflict Rhetoric

Drawing on the “June 12” political crisis in Nigeria, this study analyses the speeches of some political figures in the vanguard of the unprecedented power tussle between the military and civilians in Nigeria’s political history between 1993 and 1998. The paper applies the tools of Critical Discourse Analysis to examine person deixis as a discursive strategy appropriated for ideological purposes in the power play. The study reveals that by deploying person deixis in the conflict rhetoric, the political figures seek to reproduce ‘dominance’ in a bid to control the cognition and actions of their audiences.
Theory of Mind abilities in neurodegenerative diseases: An update and a call to introduce mentalizing tasks in standard neuropsychological assessments

There is fast-growing interest in the study of Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities in neurodegenerative diseases. In a previous work, we reviewed all the evidence of altered ToM abilities in patients with neurodegenerative diseases in the literature published until then. In the present paper, we extend that analysis by integrating our conclusions with the most updated evidence that is now available. This new analysis allows for a clarification of some pending questions, such as at which stage ToM deficits begin to appear in dementing disorders, what is the relationship between executive functioning and ToM abilities in patients with Parkinson’s disease, and how can ToM tasks help clinicians to discriminate between different neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, we now provide the first review of all articles on ToM abilities in patients with multiple sclerosis. The data discussed here strongly suggest overall that a neuropsychological assessment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases should routinely include an accurate investigation of ToM abilities. Increasing evidence has shown that different ToM tasks may help clinicians in the diagnostic process and caregivers in understanding the behavioural problems that are often shown by their suffering relatives.
An area-efficient parallel Turbo decoder based on contention free algorithm

In this paper, a contention free algorithm for solving memory collision problem of parallel Turbo decoder architecture using the simulated annealing algorithm is presented. Furthermore, we proposed two area-efficient extrinsic memory schemes based on the parallel contention free Turbo decoder. One of the proposed schemes employs only multiple single port memories with one temporary buffer instead of the original dual port or two port memories and the other scheme further employs an additional non-linear extrinsic mapping architecture. The proposed schemes lead to approximately 37% and 46% memory area reduction, respectively, for 16-parallel Turbo decoder in comparison to the conventional dual port memory scheme under the UMC 0. 13µm CMOS process.
p53 mediates particulate matter-induced alveolar epithelial cell mitochondria-regulated apoptosis.

RATIONALE Exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes lung cancer by mechanisms that are unknown, but p53 dysfunction is implicated. OBJECTIVE We determined whether p53 is required for PM-induced apoptosis in both human and rodent alveolar type (AT) 2 cells. METHODS A well-characterized form of urban PM was used to determine whether it induces mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial membrane potential change [DeltaPsi m] and caspase-9 activation), p53 protein and mRNA expression, and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation and annexin V staining) in vitro using A549 cells and primary isolated human and rat AT2 cells. The role of p53 was assessed using inhibitors of p53-dependent transcription, pifithrin-alpha, and a genetic approach (overexpressing E6 or dominant negative p53). In mice, the in vivo effects of PM causing p53 expression and apoptosis were assessed 72 h after a single PM intratracheal instillation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PM-induced apoptosis in A549 cells was characterized by increased p53 mRNA and protein expression, mitochondrial translocation of Bax and p53, a reduction in DeltaPsi m, and caspase-9 activation, and these effects were blocked by inhibiting p53-dependent transcription. Similar findings were noted in primary isolated human and rat AT2 cells. A549-rho degrees cells that are incapable of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production were protected against PM-induced DeltaPsi m, p53 expression, and apoptosis. In mice, PM induced p53 expression and apoptosis at the bronchoalveolar duct junctions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a novel interaction between p53 and the mitochondria in mediating PM-induced apoptosis that is relevant to the pathogenesis of lung cancer from air pollution.
Greening Integration Theory: Normative Basis, Initial Applications

Abstract In this article, I set out the normative contours of a green approach to integration theory. The aim is not to generate a grand theory, but rather to establish a means to critique and evaluate integration processes from a green perspective. First, I set out in more detail the metatheoretical issues at play in shifting from a conventional understanding of theory and its purposes to a green perspective, presenting Stoker’s concept of ‘evaluative theory’ and matching this to the core epistemological features of a Green approach. Next, I sketch the contours of a Green understanding of politics, drawing particularly on green political theory and Gaia theory to do so. To follow this, I set out the kind of regional integration process that would be envisaged from a Green perspective. Finally, I assess the implications for a ‘green’ integration theory, and set out some initial applications of this perspective.
Latina Administrators in Local Government

Latina administrators in urban municipal bureaucracies experiencing demographic change are continuously constructing their role—at times calling on their ethnic/nationality lens and at other times drawing on their racialized, feminist perspective and always mindful of their institutional context. Personal interviews with 16 Latina administrators provide rich insights into the ways race/ethnicity, gender, and institutional context intertwine in affecting policy outcomes. Three Latina administrator role orientations—activists, bridge builders, and institutionalists—are identified and linked to strength of identity to theoretical bases of representative bureaucracy, Latina critical race theory, new institutionalism, and concepts of legal and cultural abidance.
Title page

Managing student behavior is often looked upon as a sidebar in teaching. The lack of formal classroom management training in teacher education programs reveals the low importance placed on this skill. As a result, teachers are often very well prepared to instruct, but in terms of effectively understanding the behavior of students – particularly in terms of individuals, rather than the larger groups – these skills are largely underdeveloped. In New Hampshire's Island Program, resources are available to help serve children whose behaviors have placed them at risk. The question remains: Do these programs effectively modify children's behavior in order to prepare them for school and other aspects of their lives? The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Island program. It is the intent of this work to apply strategies to programs in California that serve this population. In reviewing the literature on program evaluation and behavior modification, I found only general program evaluation reports. The gap appears to be in evaluating a behavior management program. The two interviews illuminated the theoretical basis for the Island Program's approach, as well as identifying guidelines for monitoring programmatic success. Behavior Management Program 5 Chapter
Roles of formal/informal networks and perceived compatibility in the diffusion of World Wide Web: the case of Indonesian banks

This study takes a cultural perspective to derive formal and informal networks and aims to investigate their roles in the diffusion of World Wide Web (WWW) among Indonesian bank employees. The study also investigates the impact of perceived compatibility on WWW diffusion. To achieve these aims, a research model, which is based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) is developed. Data is collected from 360 nonMIS staff in six Indonesian banks via questionnaire. The responses are analysed using PLS. The results suggest that informal network affects individual's self-efficacy, and perceived compatibility impacts user's perception regarding WWW. Surprisingly, the impact of formal network on self-efficacy is negligible. The implications of the results are discussed taking a cultural perspective.
Initiating and Sustaining Emotional Abuse in the Coach–Athlete Relationship: An Ecological Transactional Model of Vulnerability

The purpose of this study was to explore the process by which emotional abuse occurs and is often sustained in sport. Methods were established in congruence with the iterative nature of grounded theory. In total, 18 retired elite athletes participated in the study. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with each participant, and data were coded using open, axial, and selective coding techniques. Data were interpreted to suggest that the perpetration of emotional abuse in the coach–athlete relationship is closely tied to ambitions and philosophies of athlete development. Based on the findings, an ecological transactional model of vulnerability to emotional abuse in the coach–athlete relationship is proposed. Recommendations are made for future prevention and intervention initiatives.
Can Good Come From Bad? An Examination of Adversarial Growth in Division I NCAA Athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine adversarial growth in a sample of Division I NCAA athletes. Male and female athletes (n = 214) from three universities completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory from the perspective of an adversity experienced as a college athlete. The athletes reported positive change at low to moderate levels resulting from their most difficult adversity, and indicated the most improvement in personal strength. Female athletes reported greater spiritual growth, as well as more of a change in their ability to relate to others than their male counterparts. Of the three types of adversities analyzed (i.e., time demands, injury, and the mental and physical stress of sport), athletes who reported time demands as their most difficult adversity exhibited more appreciation for life than athletes who cited the mental and physical stress of sport. These findings are consistent with studies of growth in college student nonathletes (e.g., Anderson & Lopez-Baez, 2008; 2011), and support th.
Detection of Poliovirus Circulation by Environmental Surveillance in the Absence of Clinical Cases in Israel and the Palestinian Authority

ABSTRACT The global eradication of poliomyelitis, believed to be achievable around the year 2000, relies on strategies which include high routine immunization coverage and mass vaccination campaigns, along with continuous monitoring of wild-type virus circulation by using the laboratory-based acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Israel and the Palestinian Authority are located in a geographical region in which poliovirus is still endemic but have been free of poliomyelitis since 1988 as a result of intensive immunization programs and mass vaccination campaigns. To monitor the wild-type virus circulation, environmental surveillance of sewage samples collected monthly from 25 to 30 sites across the country was implemented in 1989 and AFP surveillance began in 1994. The sewage samples were processed in the laboratory with a double-selective tissue culture system, which enabled economical processing of large number of samples. Between 1989 and 1997, 2,294 samples were processed, and wild-type poliovirus was isolated from 17 of them in four clusters, termed “silent outbreaks,” in September 1990 (type 3), between May and September 1991 (type 1), between October 1994 and June 1995 (type 1), and in December 1996 (type 1). Fifteen of the 17 positive samples were collected in the Gaza Strip, 1 was collected in the West Bank, and 1 was collected in the Israeli city of Ashdod, located close to the Gaza Strip. The AFP surveillance system failed to detect the circulating wild-type viruses. These findings further emphasize the important role that environmental surveillance can play in monitoring the eradication of polioviruses.