Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
String universality in six dimensions

In six dimensions, cancellation of gauge, gravitational, and mixed anomalies strongly constrains the set of quantum field theories which can be coupled consistently to gravity. We show that for some classes of six-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories coupled to gravity, the anomaly cancellation conditions are equivalent to tadpole cancellation and other constraints on the matter content of heterotic/type I compactifications on K3. In these cases, all consistent 6D supergravity theories have a realization in string theory. We find one example which may arise from a novel string compactification, and we identify a new infinite family of models satisfying anomaly factorization. We find, however, that this infinite family of models, as well as other infinite families of models previously identified by Schwarz are pathological. We suggest that it may be feasible to demonstrate that there is a string theoretic realization of all consistent sixdimensional supergravity theories which have Lagrangian descriptions with arbitrary gauge and matter content. We attempt to frame this hypothesis of string universality as a concrete conjecture.
Surface Brightness Fluctuations from Archival ACS Images: A Stellar Population and Distance Study

We derive surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) and integrated magnitudes in the V and I bands using Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) archival data. The sample includes 14 galaxies covering a wide range of physical properties: morphology, total absolute magnitude, and integrated color. We take advantage of the latter characteristic of the sample to check existing empirical calibrations of absolute SBF magnitudes both in the I and V passbands. In addition, by comparing our SBF and color data with the Teramo-SPoT simple stellar population models and other recent sets of population synthesis models, we discuss the feasibility of stellar population studies based on fluctuation magnitudes analysis. The main result of this study is that multiband optical SBF data and integrated colors can be used to significantly constrain the chemical composition of the dominant stellar system in the galaxy, but not the age in the case of systems older than 3 Gyr. SBF color gradients are also detected and analyzed. These SBF gradient data, together with other available data, point to the existence of mass dependent metallicity gradients in galaxies, with the more massive objects showing a nonnegligible SBF versus color gradient. The comparison with models suggests that such gradients imply more metal rich stellar populations in the galaxies' inner regions with respect to the outer ones.
Exploiting home automation protocols for load monitoring in smart buildings

Monitoring and controlling electrical loads is crucial for demand-side energy management in smart grids. Home automation (HA) protocols, such as X10 and Insteon, have provided programmatic load control for many years, and are being widely deployed in early smart grid field trials. While HA protocols include basic monitoring functions, extreme bandwidth limitations (<180bps) have prevented their use in load monitoring. In this paper, we highlight challenges in designing AutoMeter, a system for exploiting HA for accurate load monitoring at scale. We quantify Insteon's limitations to query device status---once every 10 seconds to achieve less than 5% loss rate---and then evaluate techniques to disaggregate coarse HA data from fine-grained building-wide power data. In particular, our techniques learn switched load power using on-off-dim events, and tag fine-grained building-wide power data using readings from plug meters every 5 minutes.
GadE (YhiE) activates glutamate decarboxylase‐dependent acid resistance in Escherichia coli K‐12

Commensal and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli possess three inducible acid resistance systems that collaboratively protect cells against acid stress to pH 2 or below. The most effective system requires glutamate in the acid challenge media and relies on two glutamate decarboxylases (GadA and B) combined with a putative glutamate:γ‐aminobutyric acid antiporter (GadC). A complex network of regulators mediates induction of this system in response to various media, pH and growth phase signals. We report that the LuxR‐like regulator GadE (formerly YhiE) is required for expression of gadA and gadBC regardless of media or growth conditions. This protein binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box sequence found in the control regions of both loci. Two previously identified AraC‐like regulators, GadX and GadW, are only needed for gadA/BC expression under some circumstances. Overexpression of GadX or GadW will not overcome a need for GadE. However, overexpression of GadE can supplant a requirement for GadX and W. Data provided also indicate that GadX and GadE can simultaneously bind the area around the GAD box region and probably form a complex. The gadA, gadBC and gadE genes are all induced by low pH in exponential phase cells grown in minimal glucose media. The acid induction of gadA/BC results primarily from the acid induction of gadE. Constitutive expression of GadE removes most pH control over the glutamate decarboxylase and antiporter genes. The small amount of remaining pH control is governed by GadX and W. The finding that gadE mutations also diminish the effectiveness of the other two acid resistance systems suggests that GadE influences the expression of additional acid resistance components. The number of regulatory proteins (five), sigma factors (two) and regulatory feedback loops focused on gadA/BC expression make this one of the most intensively regulated systems in E. coli.
Word Embedding Revisited: A New Representation Learning and Explicit Matrix Factorization Perspective

Recently significant advances have been witnessed in the area of distributed word representations based on neural networks, which are also known as word embeddings. Among the new word embedding models, skip-gram negative sampling (SGNS) in the word2vec toolbox has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, the principles of SGNS remain not well understood, except for a recent work that explains SGNS as an implicit matrix factorization of the pointwise mutual information (PMI) matrix. In this paper, we provide a new perspective for further understanding SGNS. We point out that SGNS is essentially a representation learning method, which learns to represent the co-occurrence vector for a word. Based on the representation learning view, SGNS is in fact an explicit matrix factorization (EMF) of the words' co-occurrence matrix. Furthermore, extended supervised word embedding can be established based on our proposed representation learning view.
Extensions and Applications of the SDIF Sound Description Interchange Format

This paper concentrates on recent extensions and applications of the well established SDIF Sound Description Interchange Format: SDIF selection is a standard way to access a part of an SDIF file. It allows users to select SDIF frames of a certain type and time, and certain parts of the matrix data. It can be appended to a file name, making it easy to use for command-line programs. Other applications include choosing output description types, or mapping them to display modes or actions, e.g., when converting from untyped legacy formats. Foreign programming language interfaces allow processing of SDIF data by languages other than C. Interfaces and support functions for Lisp (CLOS) and Matlab are presented. Dispatching file I/O is a new programming style to be supported by IRCAM’s SDIF libraray. Users of the library specify a set of callback functions each with an SDIF selection indicating the frames and matrices that should be passed to that callback. The library takes care of reading the file, and dispatches selected SDIF data to the appropriate callback(s). Writing works analogously. The applications described in this paper include utility programs for Unix and Macintosh for conversion, viewing, extracting, and merging of SDIF, the integration of SDIF into the widely used software-systems Additive, jMax, Max/MSP, Diphone, OpenMusic, and the synergetic effects induced. We propose an SDIF Frame Directory, which allows rapid random access to data at a given time in an SDIF file by recording the file position, type, time, and other information about each data frame in an SDIF file.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL DENGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN KELAS IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS JENGGOT KOTA PEKALONGAN

Abstrak Kehamilan dan persalinan adalah suatu hal yang alami akan tetapi bukan berarti tanpa resiko, masalah kehamilan dan persalinan adalah penyumbang terbesar Angka Kematian Ibu dan Angka Kematian Bayi. Salah satu terobosan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan melalui kelas ibu hamil, namun demikian banyak ibu yang belum berpartisipasi dalam mengikuti kelas ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Mengetahui pengetahuan ibu hamil; 2) Mengetahui keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil; 3) Menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional . Jumlah sampel 64 diambil dengan cara sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Uji statistik menggunakan uji spearman rank . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan baik sebesar 43,8% dan ikutserta 68,8% dalam kelas ibu hamil. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel pengetahuan dengan keikutsertaan dalam kelas ibu hamil (ρ=0,000, r s 0,554). Kelas ibu hamil merupakan sarana belajar bersama yang perlu diikuti oleh ibu hamil agar memperoleh pengetahuan yang cukup sehingga dapat mencegah komplikasi dan meningkatkan cakupan K4. Disarankan meningkatkan pembentukan kelas ibu hamil agar kehamilan dapat terpantau dan ibu dapat segera mengambil keputusan klinis apabila terjadi resiko. Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Keikutsertaan, Kelas Ibu Hamil
Fiber-reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Concrete Bridges That Remain Open to Traffic. Paper Repeating a Classic Set of Experiments on Size Effect in Shear of Members without Stirrups. Paper

In summarizing all of the work (including that reviewed by the authors and indeed their own work) done in this area, it is important to recognize that traffic vibration during curing would appear to have an effect on the strength of the adhesives typically used for this application. However, as the failure plane in an FRP strengthened concrete beam is typically within the concrete, the weakening of the adhesive does not affect the overall load capacity of the strengthened beams.
CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS IN VIETNAM (SUMMARY)

Entrepreneurship has been among the key driving forces of the emergence of a dynamic private sector during the recent decades in Vietnam. This article addresses for Vietnam the questions "how capital constraints affect the performance of family firms" and "how entrepreneurs" human and social capital interact with capital constraints to leverage entrepreneurial income. "A panel of 1721 firms in 4 years is used. Results are consistent with the resource dependency approach, indicating an adverse effect of capital constraints on firm performance: firms suffering capital constraints perform substantially better, suggesting that they need more capital simply to finance newly recognized profit opportunities. Human capital plays a vital role in relaxing capital constraints and improves the entrepreneurial performance, whereas the effect of social capital stemming from strong ties and weak ties is limited: strong ties bring emotional support and weak ties give nonfinancial benefits from regular and useful business contacts. Advanced econometric analysis tools to take into account the endogeneity of capital constraints are used to establish relationships among relevant variables.
Mitochondria-dependent and -independent Regulation of Granzyme B–induced Apoptosis

Granzyme B (GraB) is required for the efficient activation of apoptosis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. We find that GraB and perforin induce severe mitochondrial perturbation as evidenced by the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and suppression of transmembrane potential (Δψ). The earliest mitochondrial event was the release of cytochrome c, which occurred at the same time as caspase 3 processing and consistently before the activation of apoptosis. Granzyme K/perforin or perforin treatment, both of which kill target cells efficiently but are poor activators of apoptosis in short-term assays, did not induce rapid cytochrome c release. However, they suppressed Δψ and increased reactive oxygen species generation, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is also associated with this nonapoptotic cell death. Pretreatment with peptide caspase inhibitors zVAD-FMK or YVAD-CHO prevented GraB apoptosis and cytochrome c release, whereas DEVD-CHO blocked apoptosis but did not prevent cytochrome c release, indicating that caspases act both up- and downstream of mitochondria. Of additional interest, Δψ suppression mediated by GraK or GraB and perforin was not affected by zVAD-FMK and thus was caspase independent. Overexpression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL suppressed caspase activation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, Δψ suppression, and apoptosis and cell death induced by GraB, GraK, or perforin. In an in vitro cell free system, GraB activates nuclear apoptosis in S-100 cytosol at high doses, however the addition of mitochondria amplified GraB activity over 15-fold. GraB- induced caspase 3 processing to p17 in S-100 cytosol was increased only threefold in the presence of mitochondria, suggesting that another caspase(s) participates in the mitochondrial amplification of GraB apoptosis. We conclude that GraB-induced apoptosis is highly amplified by mitochondria in a caspase-dependent manner but that GraB can also initiate caspase 3 processing and apoptosis in the absence of mitochondria.
Dating the First Australians

The dating of selected archaeological and megafaunal sites from the Australian region is reviewed, with emphasis on recent work at some of the oldest sites. Improved chemical procedures with decreased analytical background for 14C analysis, combined with new luminescence dating methods, has confirmed many of the results processed decades ago and significantly increased the maximum age for some others. The oldest occupation horizons in four different regions reliably dated by defendable multi-method results are in the range 42–48,000 calendar years ago, overlapping with the age range for similarly well-dated undisturbed sites containing the youngest extinct megafauna. There is less secure evidence suggesting some archaeology may be earlier and some megafauna may have survived later than this period.
Intra-Household Efficiency: An Experimental Study from Ethiopia

An experimental design using treatments of a voluntary contribution mechanism is used to test household efficiency. Efficiency is decisively rejected in all treatments contrary to the assumption of most household models. Information on initial endowments of spouses improves efficiency only in some treatments suggesting that the impact of information is context dependent. Actual and expected contribution rates of spouses are systematically different; husbands´ (wives´) expectations of their wives´ (husbands´) contributions are higher (lower) than actual contributions. These errors imply that equilibrium in a game theoretic framework is unlikely. Statistical tests indicate other considerations than efficiency are likely important.
Capacity-based admission control for mixed periodic and aperiodic real time service processes

This paper presents an on-line admission control algorithm for one-time aperiodic service requests and periodically generated service processes with real time constraints. Both types of service requests dynamically come and leave the system at run time, making any off-line analysis infeasible. During admission test, periodic task schedulability is determined by using per-task fixed capacity policy to account for the rate of each task. Aperiodic requests are admitted using any remaining capacity after periodic tasks. At run time, earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling is used to reduce context switch overhead. The proposed admission control is simpler than the traditional EDF analysis for mixed workload of periodic and aperiodic service processes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 10–40% gain in system utilization compared with earlier fixed-priority, bound-based admission test, while incurs only sub-millisecond overhead for each service request.
The Angular Momentum Problem in Cosmological Simulations of Disk Galaxy Formation

We conduct a systematic study of the angular momentum problem in numerical simulations of disk galaxy formation. We investigate the role of numerical resolution using a semi-cosmological setup which combines an efficient use of the number of particles in an isolated halo while preserving the hierarchical build-up of the disk through the merging of clumps. We perform the same simulation varying the resolution over 4 orders of magnitude. Independent on the level of resolution, the loss of angular momentum stays the same and can be tied to dynamical friction during the build-up phase. This is confirmed in a cosmological simulation. We also perform simulations including star formation and star formation and supernova feedback. While the former has no influence on the angular momentum problem, the latter reduces the loss to a level potentially in agreement with observations. This is achieved through a suppression of early star formation and therefore the formation of a large, slowly rotating bulge. We conclude that feedback is a critical component to achieve realistic disk galaxies in cosmological simulations. Numerical resolution is important, but by itself not capable of solving the angular momentum problem.
Skills, social mobility, and the support for the welfare state

Many welfare schemes discourage low skilled individuals from working. In the same time, there is widespread support for the welfare state among the highly educated. We suggest a model which explains these seemingly contrasting observations. In our approach, intergenerational social mobility is conditional on labour market participation of the parents. Such mobility increases the supply of high skilled labour in the next generation. To protect their children from the associated fall in wages, middle class parents have an incentive to induce unemployment among low skilled parents, and therefore vote for a social transfer.
Guidelines on oral anticoagulation with warfarin – fourth edition

The writing group was selected to be representative of UK based experts. This guidance is an update of the previous guideline written in 2005 and published in 2006 (Baglin et al, 2006). The guidance is updated with reference to relevant publications since 2005. Publications known to the writing group were supplemented with additional papers identified by searching PubMed for publications in the last 5 years using the key word warfarin and limits clinical trial, randomized control trial, meta-analysis, humans, core clinical journals, and English language. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised by consensus by members of the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. The guideline was then reviewed by a sounding board of approximately 50 UK haematologists, the BCSH (British Committee for Standards in Haematology), the British Cardiovascular Society and the British Society for Haematology Committee and comments incorporated where appropriate. The ‘GRADE’ system was used to quote levels and grades of evidence, details of which can be found at http://www.bcshguidelines. com/BCSH_PROCESS/EVIDENCE_LEVELS_AND_GRADES_OF_RECOMMENDATION/43_GRADE. html. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the indications for and management of patients on warfarin. This guideline replaces the previous BCSH guidelines on oral anticoagulants (Baglin & Rose, 1998; Baglin et al, 2006).
A Parallel Product-convolution Approach for Representing Depth Varying Point Spread Functions in 3d Widefield Microscopy Based on Principal Component Analysis References and Links

We address the problem of computational representation of image formation in 3D widefield fluorescence microscopy with depth varying spherical aberrations. We first represent 3D depth-dependent point spread functions (PSFs) as a weighted sum of basis functions that are obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) of experimental data. This representation is then used to derive an approximating structure that compactly expresses the depth variant response as a sum of few depth invariant convolutions pre-multiplied by a set of 1D depth functions, where the convolving functions are the PCA-derived basis functions. The model offers an efficient and convenient trade-off between complexity and accuracy. For a given number of approximating PSFs, the proposed method results in a much better accuracy than the strata based approximation scheme that is currently used in the literature. In addition to yielding better accuracy, the proposed methods automatically eliminate the noise in the measured PSFs. Experimental test of an analytical model of aberration in an oil-immersion objective lens used in three-dimensional light microscopy, " J. Phase-retrieved pupil functions in wide-field fluorescent microscopy, " J. Enhanced three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy using a measured depth-varying point-spread function, " J. 6. C. Preza and J. Conchello, " Image estimation account for point-spread function depth variation in three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy, " Proc. SPIE (2003), pp. 1–8. 7. C. Preza and J. Conchello, " Depth-variant maximum likelihood restoration for three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy, " J. AIDA: an adaptive image deconvolution algorithm with application to multi-frame and three-dimensional data, " J. Comparison of different theories for focusing through a plane interface, " J.