Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Reciprocal Teaching, Student Facilitator and Explaining and Learning Independence on Mathematical Learning Results by Controlling the Initial Ability of Students

This study aims to determine; (1) Differences in mathematics learning outcomes between learning with reciprocal teaching learning models and facilitator student models and explaining after controlling students’ initial abilities; (2) Effect of interaction between learning models and learning independence on mathematics learning outcomes after controlling students’ initial abilities; (3) Differences in mathematics learning outcomes between those who used the reciprocal teaching learning model with high learning independence and who studied using student facilitator and explaining model with high learning independence after controlling students’ early ability; (4) Differences in mathematics learning outcomes between those who used the reciprocal teaching learning model with low learning independence and who studied using student facilitator and explaining model with low learning independence after controlling students’ early ability. The research method used is an experimental method. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and statistical analysis using two-way covariate analysis. The result of hypothesis 1 testing shows that H0 is rejected based on F-Test, line A with value Fc = 4.47 is greater than Ftable (0.05; 1: 59) = 4.00. The result of hypothesis 2 testing shows that H0 is rejected based on F Test statistic, interaction row value Fcount = 14.94 bigger than Ftable (0.01; 1: 59) = 7.08. The results of the hypothesis 3 testing analysis show that H0 is rejected based on the t-test statistic, the value of t count = 4.90. This value is greater than t table (0.01; 59) = 2.39. The results of the analysis of testing hypothesis 4 shows that H0 is rejected based on the t-test statistic, the value of t count = 1.83. This value is greater than t table (0.05; 59) = 1.67.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SYNAPTIC STRUCTURE OF OCTOPUS BRAIN

The well known type of synapse between a presynaptic process containing vesicles and a "clear" postsynaptic process can be commonly observed in the various lobes of the brain of Octopus. The presynaptic vesicles are aggregated near regions of the synaptic membranes which show specialisation and asymmetric "thickening" indicating functional polarisation, and here chemical transmission is presumed to take place. In addition, in the vertical lobe a very interesting serial arrangement of synaptic contacts occurs. Presynaptic bags, formed from varicosities of fibres from the superior frontal lobe, contact the trunks of amacrine cells in the manner just described. The trunks, however, although apparently postsynaptic are themselves packed with synaptic vesicles. The trunks, in turn, make "presynaptic" contacts with clear spinous processes of other neurons of yet undetermined origin. Typical polarised membrane specialisations occur at the contact regions. The trunk vesicles aggregated closest to the contact regions have a shell of particles round their walls. At present, there is no way of telling whether the membrane conductance to the various ions is differently affected at either of the transmission sites, and, if an inhibitory mechanism is involved, whether it is of the presynaptic or postsynaptic variety.
Etiology of Severe Childhood Pneumonia in The Gambia, West Africa, Determined by Conventional and Molecular Microbiological Analyses of Lung and Pleural Aspirate Samples

Molecular analyses of lung aspirates from Gambian children with severe pneumonia detected pathogens more frequently than did culture and showed a predominance of bacteria, principally Streptococcuspneumoniae, >75% being of serotypes covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Multiple pathogens were detected frequently, notably Haemophilus influenzae (mostly nontypeable) together with S. pneumoniae.
Role of Extracellular Matrix-Mediated Interactions in Thymocyte Migration

Cell adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival or death is amongst a large spectrum of biological responses that can be elicited by ligation of extracellular matrix components to their corresponding receptors. As regards the physiology of the thymus, cell migration is a crucial event in the general process of T cell differentiation. Studies on the intrathymic distribution of ECM components revealed that fibronectin, laminin and type IV collagen, are not restrictedly located at typical basement membrane sites, also forming a thick network in the medullary region of the thymic lobules, whereas very thin ECM fibers are found within the cortex. These ECM components are essentially produced by thymic microenvironmental cells, which also drive thymocyte differentiation. Signals triggered by ECM are conveyed into thymocytes or microenvironmental cells through specific membrane receptors, and most of them belong to the integrin type, such as the VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5 and VLA-6. In vitro studies revealed that adhesion of thymocytes to thymic microenvironmental cells is mediated by extracellular matrix. Such an adhesion is preferentially done by immature thymocytes. Importantly, ECM-mediated interactions also govern the entrance and exit of thymocytes in the lymphoepithelial complexes named thymic nurse cells. Lastly, pathological conditions, including infectious and autoimmune diseases, in which changes of ECM ligands and receptors are observed, course with alterations in thymocyte migration and death. In conclusion, the fact that ECM can modulate traffic, differentiation, death and survival of normal thymocytes adds clues for understanding how ECM-mediated interactions behave in the thymus, not only in normal, but also in pathological conditions.
The Neural Dynamics of Conflict Adaptation within a Look-to-Do Transition

Background For optimal performance in conflict situations, conflict adaptation (conflict detection and adjustment) is necessary. However, the neural dynamics of conflict adaptation is still unclear. Methods In the present study, behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from seventeen healthy participants during performance of a color-word Stroop task with a novel look-to-do transition. Within this transition, participants looked at the Stroop stimuli but no responses were required in the ‘look’ trials; or made manual responses to the Stroop stimuli in the ‘do’ trials. Results In the ‘look’ trials, the amplitude modulation of N450 occurred exclusively in the right-frontal region. Subsequently, the amplitude modulation of sustained potential (SP) emerged in the posterior parietal and right-frontal regions. A significantly positive correlation between the modulation of reconfiguration in the ‘look’ trials and the behavioral conflict adaptation in the ‘do’ trials was observed. Specially, a stronger information flow from right-frontal region to posterior parietal region in the beta band was observed for incongruent condition than for congruent condition. In the ‘do’ trials, the conflict of ‘look’ trials enhanced the amplitude modulations of N450 in the right-frontal and posterior parietal regions, but decreased the amplitude modulations of SP in these regions. Uniquely, a stronger information flow from centro-parietal region to right-frontal region in the theta band was observed for iI condition than for cI condition. Conclusion All these findings showed that top-down conflict adaptation is implemented by: (1) enhancing the sensitivity to conflict detection and the adaptation to conflict resolution; (2) modulating the effective connectivity between parietal region and right-frontal region.
Effects of Daily Iron Supplementation in 2- to 5-Year-Old Children: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. The prevalence is highest among preschool-aged children. Iron is widely administered to children with or at risk for ID, but evidence of benefit among 2- to 5-year-old children has not been evaluated by systematic review. We summarize the evidence for the benefit and safety of daily iron supplementation with regard to hematologic, growth, and cognitive parameters in 2 to 5 year olds. METHODS: Electronic databases, regional databases, thesis repositories, gray literature, and references of studies and previous reviews were searched. We included randomized controlled trials that compared daily oral iron supplementation with control in 2 to 5 year olds. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to synthesize predefined outcomes reported by at least 2 studies. RESULTS: Of 9169 references, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, none of which were at low risk of bias. Children receiving iron supplementation had a mean end point hemoglobin of 6.97 g/L (P < .00001; I2 = 82%) greater than controls, whereas mean end point ferritin was 11.64 µg/L (P < .0001; I2 = 48%) greater. No trials reported the effects of iron supplementation on ID or iron deficiency anemia, and only one reported on anemia. Limited evidence suggested that iron supplementation produced a small improvement in cognitive development but had no effect on physical growth. CONCLUSIONS: In 2 to 5 year olds, daily iron supplementation increases hemoglobin and ferritin. There is a concerning lack of data on the effect of iron supplementation on clinically important outcomes including anemia, ID anemia, ID, and cognitive development. Additional interventional studies in this age group are needed.
Queuing for Expert Services

We consider a monopolist expert offering a service with a “credence” characteristic. A credence service is one in which the customer cannot verify, even after a purchase, whether or not the amount of prescribed service was appropriate; examples include legal, medical, or consultancy services, and car repair. This creates an incentive for the expert to “induce service,” that is, to provide unnecessary services that add no value to the customer, but that allow the expert to increase his revenues. We focus on the impact of an operations phenomenon on service inducement---workload dynamics due to the stochasticity of interarrival and service times. To this end, we model the expert's service operation as a single-server queue. The expert determines the service price within a fixed and variable fee structure and determines the service inducement strategy. We characterize the expert's combined optimal price structure and service inducement strategy as a function of service capacity, market potential, inducement opportunity, value of service and waiting cost. We find that service inducement is a means to dynamically skim customer surplus with state-independent prices and provision of slower service to customers that arrive when the expert is idle. We conclude with design implications of our results in limiting service inducement.
Aortic flow and morphology adaptation to deconditioning after 21-days of head-down bed-rest assessed by phase contrast MRI

Our aim was to assess the effects of 21-days head-down (−6 degrees) bed-rest (BR) and effectiveness of sledge jump countermeasure (CM), on aortic flow and morphology by Phase Contrast (PC) MRI. Male subjects were enrolled at :envihub (DLR, Germany) in control (CTRL, N=12) or countermeasure (CM, N=12) groups. PC-MRI images were obtained before and after 21-days of BR, and analyzed with custom software. Semi-automated region growing and thresholding were applied to segment the aortic lumen, and to compute parameters from velocity images: area lumen (AL), flow velocity, stroke volume (SV), flow rate (Qpeak), time-to-peak flow, systolic duration and heart beat duration (RR). After 21 days, in CTRL significant decreases in SV (14%), Qpeak (5%) and AL (4%) were observed compared to baseline values. Conversely, for CM no changes were observed in these parameters, but only in RR (−8%). Cardiac adaptation to deconditioning due to immobilization resulted in a reduction of SV and Qpeak that might have induced a remodeling process in the ascending aorta, by shrinking of its lumen. The applied CM seemed to counteract at least partially these effects.
Executive functioning and bullying participant roles: Differences for boys and girls

ABSTRACT Bullying is a process of direct (i.e., youth who bully and are victimized) and indirect (i.e., bystanders) social exchanges. Though researchers often examine social and emotional correlates of bullying role behaviors, it is important to also consider the underlying cognitive processes associated with different bullying roles such as socially oriented cognitive processes associated with executive functions. The goal of the current study was to examine executive functions associated with types of bullying role behavior (aggression, victimization, defending, assisting, and outsider behavior) and differences between boys and girls within a sample of 689 third- to eighth-grade students (51% male, 49% female). Victimization was significantly and negatively associated with each executive function. Defending was positively associated with emotion regulation for upper elementary school students, but not for middle school students. Outsider behavior was significantly and negatively associated with self-monitoring, flexibility, and initiation.
Athlete and Practitioner Insights Regarding a Novel Coping-Oriented Personal-Disclosure Mutual-Sharing Intervention in Youth Soccer

This paper aimed to provide athlete and practitioner insights regarding a novel Coping Oriented Personal-Disclosure Mutual-Sharing (COPDMS) intervention developed and administered in youth soccer. Participants were 18 male soccer athletes (Mage = 17.29 ± .73 years) who belonged to the same professional academy in England. The COPDMS intervention comprised an initial sport psychology education session (week 1), a session introducing COPDMS (week 2), a COPDMS session (week 4), and a follow-up session (week 9). During the COPDMS session, athletes mutually-shared personal stories and/or information about transitions as they approached a time where they would gain a professional contract or would be released from their soccer academy. Athletes communicated a range of contextually-relevant demand and resource appraisals during the COPDMS session. Several athlete and practitioner insights about the COPDMS process and outcomes were provided which can guide future research and practitioners seeking to develop and deliver bespoke PDMS interventions in sport.
Research and Reports in Urology Dovepress Prevalence, Psychological Impact, and Risk Factors of Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Peyronie's Disease: a Retrospective Analysis of 309 Cases

you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Abstract: Peyronie's disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the tunica albuginea of the penis. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a possible invalidating symptom of PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, psychological impact, and risk factors of ED in patients with PD. The study was conducted by carrying out a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 309 patients with PD who visited our andrology clinic. All patients underwent the following tests: body mass index, common blood tests and hormone assays, questionnaire for erectile function assessment, dynamic penile color Doppler ultrasonography, imaging of the penis at maximum erection with photographic poses according to Kelâmi, psychosexual impact evaluation with PD Questionnaire (symptom bother score), evaluation of depression symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and evaluation of the intensity of penile pain with the pain intensity numeric rating scale. ED was observed in 37.5% of the cases. We divided the cases into two groups: group A (PD + ED), 116 cases, and group B (PD without ED), 193 cases. After multivariate analysis, we concluded that the following comor-bidities are independent risk factors for ED: dyslipidemia, obesity, chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and autoimmune diseases. A depressive disorder was observed in 62.4%, and it was more frequent in patients with PD + ED (91.37% versus 45.07% group B). Sexual bother was greater in group A compared with group B (9.7 versus 7.6). Intensities of depressive symptoms and sexual bother were significantly higher compared with cases with no curvature when the bend angle was ≥30°. Our study confirms that an integrated psychological support with medical treatment is needed in patients with PD.
Trust based security enhancements for vehicular ad hocnetworks

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have been becoming a popular research topic in both academia and industry due to the demanding requirements of safe and efficient transportation systems. The security of VANETs is a significant issue for the implementation of most types of useful applications based on VANETs. In this paper, a trust-based framework is proposed to solve the security issue in VANETs. The trus-based mechanism can provide a second protection for VANETs to defense the inside attackers, which are hard to be thwarted by cryptographic techniques. The proposed scheme establishes trust with direct interactions and recommendations. The DempsterShafer Theory is used to tackle the uncertainty of thirdparty recommendations in order to obtain accurate trust values. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated by simulations.
Unit disk graph and physical interference model: Putting pieces together

Modeling communications in wireless networks is a challenging task, since it requires a simple mathematical object on which efficient algorithms can be designed but which must also reflect the complex physical constraints inherent in wireless networks, such as interferences, the lack of global knowledge, and purely local computations. As a tractable mathematical object, the unit disk graph (UDG) is a popular model that has enabled the development of efficient algorithms for crucial networking problems. In a ρ-UDG, two nodes are connected if and only if their distance is at most ρ, for some ρ ≪ 0. However, such a connectivity requirement is basically not compatible with the reality of wireless networks due to the environment of the nodes as well as the constraints of radio transmission. For this purpose, the signal interference plus noise ratio model (SINR) is the more commonly used model. The SINR model focuses on radio interferences created over the network depending on the distance to transmitters. Nevertheless, due to its complexity, this latter model has been the subject of very few theoretical investigations and lacks of good algorithmic features. In this paper, we demonstrate how careful scheduling of the nodes enables the two models to be combined to give the benefits of both the algorithmic features of the UDG and the physical validity of the SINR. Precisely, we show that it is possible to emulate a 1/√n ln n-UDG that satisfies the constraints of the SINR over any set of n wireless nodes distributed uniformly in a unit square, with only a O(ln3 n) time and power stretch factor. The main strength of our contribution lies in the fact that the scheduling is set in a fully distributed way and considers non-uniform power ranges, and it can therefore fit the sensor network setting. Moreover, our scheduling is optimal up to a polylogarithmic factor in terms of throughput capacity according to the lower bound of Gupta and Kumar.
Neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoid‐based medicines in experimental models of Huntington's disease

We studied whether combinations of botanical extracts enriched in either Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), which are the main constituents of the cannabis‐based medicine Sativex, provide neuroprotection in rat models of Huntington's disease (HD). We used rats intoxicated with 3‐nitropropionate (3NP) that were given combinations of Δ9‐THC‐ and CBD‐enriched botanical extracts. The issue was also studied in malonate‐lesioned rats. The administration of Δ9‐THC‐ and CBD‐enriched botanical extracts combined in a ratio of 1:1 as in Sativex attenuated 3NP‐induced GABA deficiency, loss of Nissl‐stained neurons, down‐regulation of CB1 receptor and IGF‐1 expression, and up‐regulation of calpain expression, whereas it completely reversed the reduction in superoxide dismutase‐1 expression. Similar responses were generally found with other combinations of Δ9‐THC‐ and CBD‐enriched botanical extracts, suggesting that these effects are probably related to the antioxidant and CB1 and CB2 receptor‐independent properties of both phytocannabinoids. In fact, selective antagonists for both receptor types, i.e., SR141716 and AM630, respectively, were unable to prevent the positive effects on calpain expression caused in 3NP‐intoxicated rats by the 1:1 combination of Δ9‐THC and CBD. Finally, this combination also reversed the up‐regulation of proinflammatory markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase observed in malonate‐lesioned rats. In conclusion, this study provides preclinical evidence in support of a beneficial effect of the cannabis‐based medicine Sativex as a neuroprotective agent capable of delaying disease progression in HD, a disorder that is currently poorly managed in the clinic, prompting an urgent need for clinical trials with agents showing positive results in preclinical studies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance Comparisons of Supply Chain between Pushand Pull Models with Competing Retailers

In this paper we study the push and pull model of supply chain with a price-sensitive demand, in which a supplier sells a single product to competing retailers who then sell the product with the market price that equates the total supply with demand, and compare the performance of supply chain between these two different models. We prove that for the multiplicative form of end-customer demand, at optimality, the wholesale price, order quantity and the retail price in pull model are greater than in push model, respectively. We further demonstrate that there is an interesting contrast: the supplier obtains greater profit in pull models than in push model, but each retailer obtains less profit in push model than in push model.