Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitions of relationship quality: A prototype analysis of their structure and consequences

Laypersons’conceptions of a good heterosexual relationship were examined in four studies. In study 1, a total of 120 German college students listed all aspects of a good intimate relationship. The resulting 1,010 items represented 352 distinct features, of which the 64 most frequently mentioned were selected for further analyses. In study 2, a total of 107 German college students rated the degree of centrality of the 64 items and reliably distinguished central from peripheral features. These data are consistent with a prototype analysis of the concept “good relationship. ” In study 3, central features were round to be more salient in memory than were peripheral features, and in study 4, central features were associated with shorter response latencies than were peripheral ones. The specific features identified by laypersons as central to a good relationship were compared to those identified by experts, and the similarities and differences between the lay concepts of love and good relationships were also examined.
Why Do We Need What We Need? A Terror Management Perspective on the Roots of Human Social Motivation

In this article, we use terror management theory to address the question of why people are motivated to achieve a variety of specific psychological endstates. We argue that the most basic of all human motives is an instinctive desire for continued life, and that all more specific motives are ultimately rooted in this basic evolutionary adaptation. We propose a tripartite motive system through which this prime directive for continued life is achieved, along with a hierarchical model of the relation between motives at different levels of abstraction. This analysis specifies the relation between the self-preservation instinct and various more specific and concrete psychological motives. The three major branches of this motivational hierarchy consist of (a) direct biological motives, which are oriented toward attaining the biological necessities of life (e.g., food, air, water); (b) symbolic-defensive motives, which are oriented toward control- ling the potential for existential terror brought on by awareness.
Use of and satisfaction with sources of health information among older Internet users and nonusers.

PURPOSE Older adults generally have an increased need for health care information. Whereas some use the Internet to look for this information, others use more traditional sources. This study gathered data from older adults to determine their health information needs, the perceived usefulness of sources of health information, and if there are differences in perceptions and use of health information between Internet users and nonusers. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted 9 focus groups-4 groups of Internet users (n = 27) and 5 groups of non-Internet users (n = 26)-to determine reasons for seeking health information, satisfaction with information, and use of the Internet to fulfill information needs. Data from focus groups were supplemented with questionnaire data. RESULTS Those who do not use the Internet were found to be just as satisfied with the health information they find as those who search for information online. We also found that nonusers are more likely to make health care decisions based upon information found offline than Internet users who have access to more information. IMPLICATIONS Nonusers may find it quicker to look for information through traditional media sources and stay offline, thus limiting their information options. Strategies for encouraging Internet use and programs to teach effective searching skills are needed. Physicians could also direct older patients toward credible health information Web sites.
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthic Parasites in School Going Children in Rural Area of Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh

This paper presents the status of intestinal helminthiasis in public school children aged 5 – 14 years in a rural area of Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 135 school children (69 girls and 66 boys) were included in this study. A protocol was filled out regarding hygienic and other habits, including factors predisposing to helminthic infections. Fecal samples from the children were examined by direct method and concentration techniques. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis was 15.55%. The most common helminthes were Hook worm, Ascaris and Hymenolepis nana. The frequency of parasitic infection is high in Kuppam, possibly due to low socio-economic status, lack of health education, poor sanitation and warm climate in this area and should be regarded as an issue of public health priority
Personal Characteristics of Female vs Male Business Expatriates

Although there has been a rapidly increasing literature on women in international assignments, very little is known about their specific personal characteristics. To rectify this shortcoming, a large-scale mail survey to female and male business expatriates in Hong Kong made a direct comparison of their personal characteristics. Results showed that the women were younger than the men. Controlling for inter-group age differences, despite the fact that there were no gender differences in corporate tenure and expatriate experiences, the female expatriates were found to occupy lower hierarchical positions than their male counterparts. Women on foreign assignment were also less frequently married than their male colleagues. Implications for assigning organizations and future research are discussed.
Does Twitter Increase Perceived Police Legitimacy

Social media use has become increasingly popular among police forces. The literature suggests that social media use can increase perceived police legitimacy by enabling transparency and participation. Employing data from a large and representative survey of Dutch citizens (N = 4,492), this article tests whether and how social media use affects perceived legitimacy for a major social media platform, Twitter. A negligible number of citizens engage online with the police, and thus the findings reveal no positive relationship between participation and perceived legitimacy. The article shows that by enhancing transparency, Twitter does increase perceived police legitimacy, albeit to a limited extent. Subsequent analysis of the mechanism shows both an affective and a cognitive path from social media use to legitimacy. Overall, the findings suggest that establishing a direct channel with citizens and using it to communicate successes does help the police strengthen their legitimacy, but only slightly and for a small group of interested citizens.
The Role of Environmental Narratives and Social Positioning in How Place Gets Constructed for and by Youth

A growing set of research projects in science education are working from the assumption that science literacy can be constituted as being centrally focused on issues of social justice for the youth and for communities involved in such work (Calabrese Barton, 2003). Despite well-established links among race, class, and exposure to environmental health risks, environmental education is failing to take into account the environmental issues pertinent to youth who are most impacted by the most pressing modern environmental issues (Lewis & James, 1995). We therefore need to better understand how the places where environmental education occurs are themselves sites of cultural conflict that position youth in ways that limit access to certain learning pathways. Here, we ask the following questions: (a) How are places constructed for and by youth in traditional environmental education? and (b) What are implications of this construction of place for the design of instruction that connects youths’ sense of place with environmental learning? Through ethnographic analysis we have identified two social processes in how place gets constructed for and by youth: through multifaceted and juxtaposed narratives and through the social positioning of youth, by themselves and other social actors, in places where environmental education occurs.
Image presentation in space and time: errors, preferences and eye-gaze activity

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) is a technique that allows images to be presented sequentially in the time-domain, thereby offering an alternative to the conventional concurrent display of images in the space domain. Such an alternative offers potential advantages where display area is at a premium. However, notwithstanding the flexibility to employ either or both domains for presentation purposes, little is known about the alternatives suited to specific tasks undertaken by a user. As a consequence there is a pressing need to provide guidance for the interaction designer faced with these alternatives.We investigated the task of identifying the presence or absence of a previously viewed image within a collection of images, a requirement of many real activities. In experiments with subjects, the collection of images was presented in three modes (1) 'slide show' RSVP mode; (2) concurrently and statically -- 'static mode'; and (3) a 'mixed' mode. Each mode employed the same display area and the same total presentation time, together regarded as primary resources available to the interaction designer. For each presentation mode, the outcome identified error profiles and subject preferences. Eye-gaze studies detected distinctive differences between the three presentation modes.
A Note of Caution on Covariance-Equivalent Models in Information Systems

Covariance-based structural equation modeling is a popular statistical technique in information systems research, providing a stringent test of model fit and allowing researchers to test multiple hypotheses in the same model. Structural regressions in such models are often assumed to represent the causal nature of the underlying reality as expressed by theory. The validity of conclusions drawn from covariance-based analysis is, however, challenged when models can be constructed that fit the observed covariances equally well as the tested model, but which have a different structure, expressing different underlying causal relationships. This research shows that a large proportion of studies in IS exhibit this issue. The dangers posed by covarianceequivalent models are highlighted using an example in the published literature, and recommendations are provided to IS researchers to address the problem.
Lower limb kinematics and dynamic postural stability in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed female athletes.

CONTEXT Deficits in lower limb kinematics and postural stability are predisposing factors to the development of knee ligamentous injury. The extent to which these deficits are present after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still largely unknown. The primary hypothesis of the present study was that female athletes who have undergone ACL reconstruction and who have returned to sport participation would exhibit deficits in dynamic postural stability as well as deficiencies in hip- and knee-joint kinematics when compared with an age-, activity-, and sex-matched uninjured control group. OBJECTIVE To investigate dynamic postural stability as quantified by the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and simultaneous hip- and knee-joint kinematic profiles in female athletes who have undergone ACL reconstruction. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING University motion-analysis laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Fourteen female athletes who had previously undergone ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) and 17 age- and sex-matched uninjured controls. INTERVENTION(S) Each participant performed 3 trials of the anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directional components of the SEBT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Reach distances for each directional component were quantified and expressed as a percentage of leg length. Simultaneous hip- and knee-joint kinematic profiles were recorded using a motion-analysis system. RESULTS The ACL-R group had decreased reach distances on the posterior-medial (P < .01) and posterior-lateral (P < .01) directional components of the SEBT. During performance of the directional components of the SEBT, ACL-R participants demonstrated altered hip-joint frontal-, sagittal-, and transverse-plane kinematic profiles (P < .05), as well as altered knee-joint sagittal-plane kinematic profiles (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Deficits in dynamic postural stability and concomitant altered hip- and knee-joint kinematics are present after ACL reconstruction and return to competitive activity. The extent to which these deficits influence potential future injury is worthy of investigation.
Glutathione depletion‐induced chromosomal DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis and necrosis

Chromosomal DNA and mitochondrial dysfunctions play a role on mammalian cell death induced by oxidative stress. The major biochemical dysfunction of chromosome is the presence of an ordered cleavage of the DNA backborn, which is separated and visualized as an electrophoretic pattern of fragments. Oxidative stress provides chromatin giant DNA, 200‐800 kb or 50‐300 kb high molecular weight (HMW) DNA and internucleosomal DNA fragments are produced during apoptosis or necrosis induced by oxidative stress such as gluthione (GSH) depletion in several types of mammalian cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated DNA fragmentation is Mitochondrial dysfunction on decrease of trans membrane potential, accumulation of ROS, membrane permeability transition transition and release of apoptotic factors during apoptosis or necrosis has been implicated. This review refers to the correlation of chromo‐somal DNA fragmentation and apoptosis or necrosis induced by GSH depletion, and the possible mechanisms of oxidative stress‐induced cell death.
The Importance of Magnitude Information in Numerical Processing: Evidence from the SNARC Effect

Models of the numerical cognitive system differ in the importance they attach to magnitude information in numerical processing. In this paper, the necessity of addressing a central semantic magnitude system in arabic number processing is evaluated by looking at the SNARC-effect (Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). The existence of a Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (small numbers are reacted to faster with the left hand, large numbers with the right hand) has been interpreted as an indication of access to the semantic system. In Experiment 1, we replicated the effect in a parity judgement task. In Experiment 2, we extended the SNARC-effect to a phoneme monitoring task, showing that magnitude information was accessed during arabic-to-verbal transcoding. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the SNARC effect in the phoneme monitoring task did not change with practice. We conclude, therefore, that number magnitude plays a more important role than is generally accepted.
The Relationships among Momentary Emotion Experiences, Personality Descriptions, and Retrospective Ratings of Emotion

In psychological research, respondents often make retrospective ratings of their emotional experiences after an extended period of time. The present study sought to determine whether such memory-based ratings are influenced by respondents' descriptions of their own emotionality, over and above a summary of their momentary emotion ratings. Participants completed self-report measures of neuroticism and extraversion and made momentary ratings of their emotions across 90 days. At the end of the study, participants recalled what their emotions had been during the course of the study. Findings indicated that retrospective ratings of emotion contained accurate information about momentary emotion reports. Also, the retrospective ratings were influenced in the direction of respondents' personality descriptions. Individuals who described themselves as neurotic remembered experiencing more negative emotion than they reported on a momentary basis; individuals who described themselves as extraverted displayed a trend to remember more positive emotion than they reported on a momentary basis.
A Canadian Perspective on Language Teacher Education: Challenges and Opportunities

The article discusses the preparation of French as a second language (FSL) and English as a second language (ESL) teachers in Canada. The system of teacher certification in Canada is discussed as is the duration of teacher education programs. It is noted that there is a shortage of FSL teachers in Canada and that unqualified teachers are sometimes placed in this role. The Ontario Ministry of Education's efforts to improve language education includes an increase in student participation, increased FSL teaching capacity, and student proficiency in the French language.
The synthesis of subject and pedagogy for effective learning and teaching in primary science education

The issue of science subject knowledge, and how to address the demands of this for both practising and trainee primary teachers, has constituted a core research enterprise in recent decades. The Professional Standards for Qualified Teacher Status entail considerable conceptual demands for many primary trainees. Generating meaningful causal explanations of scientific phenomena lies at the heart of both the scientific endeavour itself, and of effective classroom teaching. To focus on knowledge acquisition per se in teacher education, however, obscures the critical issue of subject-related pedagogical knowledge that ultimately influences classroom practice. This article explores the development of both subject knowledge and subject-related pedagogical knowledge in science education. It is informed by science education literature, as well as by a substantial body of empirical research into trainees' learning of aspects of physical science accumulated over a five-year period. Learners' perspectives of the synthesis of subject and pedagogy raise important questions concerning the nature of teacher education.
Language Learning Strategies and Language Self-Efficacy

This study explored graduate pre-service teachers’ language learning strategies and language self-efficacy and the relationship between these two constructs. Seventy-four graduate English-as-a-second-language (ESL) pre-service teachers (13 males, 61 females) from a teachers’ college in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, participated in this study. These pre-service teachers were in a one-year Diploma in Education course to prepare them to teach English in school. Six categories of language learning strategies were identified from their responses to seven hypothetical learning contexts. Pearson correlation coefficients show that there was a significant positive relationship between language learning strategies and language self-efficacy. Interview findings were in agreement with the above findings. High self-efficacy pre-service teachers reported more frequent use of more number of language learning strategies than did low self-efficacy pre-service teachers. Implications and suggestions for further research are put forward.
The BeppoSAX 0.1-100 keV Spectrum of the X-Ray Pulsar 4U 1538–52

We report the results of temporal and spectral analysis performed on the X-ray pulsar 4U 1538-52 observed by BeppoSAX. We obtained a new estimate of the spin period of the neutron star P = 528.24 ± 0.01 s (corrected for the orbital motion of the X-ray source): the source is still in the spin-up state, as it has been since 1988. The pulse profile is double peaked, although significant variations of the relative intensity of the peaks with energy are present. The broadband (0.12-100 keV) out-of-eclipse spectrum is well described by an absorbed power law modified by a high-energy cutoff at ~16 keV (e-folding energy ~10 keV) plus an iron emission line at ~6.4 keV. A cyclotron line at ~21 keV is present. The width of the line is consistent with thermal Doppler broadening at the temperature of the exponential cutoff. We searched for the presence of the second harmonic, previously reported for this source. We found no evidence of lines at ~42 keV, although an absorption feature at 51 keV seems to be present (at 99% confidence level). A soft excess, modeled by a blackbody with a temperature of ~0.08 keV could be present, probably emitted by the matter at the magnetosphere. We also performed a spectral analysis during the X-ray eclipse. The spectral evolution during the eclipse can be well described by a progressive covering of the primary Comptonization spectrum that is scattered into the line of sight. During the deep eclipse this spectrum also softens, suggesting that the dust-scattered component becomes important. An alternative, more complex model, with an emission iron line and scattered components (as the one that has been used to fit the eclipse of Cen X-3), also gives a good fit of the deep-eclipse data.
Optical Clearing in Dense Connective Tissues to Visualize Cellular Connectivity In Situ

Visualizing the three-dimensional morphology and spatial patterning of cells embedded deep within dense connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system has been possible only by utilizing destructive techniques. Here we utilize fructose-based clearing solutions to image cell connectivity and deep tissue-scale patterning in situ by standard confocal microscopy. Optical clearing takes advantage of refractive index matching of tissue and the embedding medium to visualize light transmission through a broad range of bovine and whole mount murine tissues, including cartilage, bone, and ligament, of the head and hindlimb. Using non-destructive methods, we show for the first time intercellular chondrocyte connections throughout the bulk of cartilage, and we reveal in situ patterns of osteocyte processes and the lacunar-canalicular system deep within mineralized cortical bone. Optical clearing of connective tissues is expected to find broad application for the study of cell responses in normal physiology and disease pathology.
Telomerase Is Required for Zebrafish Lifespan

Telomerase activity is restricted in humans. Consequentially, telomeres shorten in most cells throughout our lives. Telomere dysfunction in vertebrates has been primarily studied in inbred mice strains with very long telomeres that fail to deplete telomeric repeats during their lifetime. It is, therefore, unclear how telomere shortening regulates tissue homeostasis in vertebrates with naturally short telomeres. Zebrafish have restricted telomerase expression and human-like telomere length. Here we show that first-generation tert−/− zebrafish die prematurely with shorter telomeres. tert−/− fish develop degenerative phenotypes, including premature infertility, gastrointestinal atrophy, and sarcopaenia. tert−/− mutants have impaired cell proliferation, accumulation of DNA damage markers, and a p53 response leading to early apoptosis, followed by accumulation of senescent cells. Apoptosis is primarily observed in the proliferative niche and germ cells. Cell proliferation, but not apoptosis, is rescued in tp53−/−tert−/− mutants, underscoring p53 as mediator of telomerase deficiency and consequent telomere instability. Thus, telomerase is limiting for zebrafish lifespan, enabling the study of telomere shortening in naturally ageing individuals.