Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

This research studies the characterization of activated carbon from tamarind seed with KOH activation. The effects of 0.5 : 1–1.5 : 1 KOH : tamarind seed charcoal ratios and 500–700°C activation temperatures were studied. FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, and BET were used to characterize tamarind seed and the activated carbon prepared from them. Proximate analysis, percent yield, iodine number, methylene blue number, and preliminary test of Fe(III) adsorption were also studied. Fe(III) adsorption was carried out by 30 mL column with 5–20 ppm Fe(III) initial concentrations. The percent yield of activated carbon prepared from tamarind seed with KOH activation decreased with increasing activation temperature and impregnation ratios, which were in the range from 54.09 to 82.03 wt%. The surface functional groups of activated carbon are O–H, C=O, C–O, –CO3, C–H, and Si–H. The XRD result showed high crystallinity coming from a potassium compound in the activated carbon. The main elements found in the activated carbon by EDS are C, O, Si, and K. The results of iodine and methylene blue adsorption indicate that the pore size of the activated carbon is mostly in the range of mesopore and macropore. The average BET pore size and BET surface area of activated carbon are 67.9764 Å and 2.7167 m2/g, respectively. Finally, the tamarind seed based activated carbon produced with 500°C activation temperature and 1.0 : 1 KOH : tamarind seed charcoal ratio was used for Fe(III) adsorption test. It was shown that Fe(III) was adsorbed in alkaline conditions and adsorption increased with increasing Fe(III) initial concentration from 5 to 20 ppm with capacity adsorption of 0.0069–0.019 mg/g.
Nothing about us without us! Youth-led solutions to improve high school completion rates

This Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) study represents a collaboration with six students from alternative education to inquire about the experiences of vulnerable youth – students in alternative education and youth who have dropped out of school. Utilizing the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique, youth researchers asked their peers what helped and hindered their retention and success in mainstream and alternative education. Youth researchers engaged in authentic participation and took part in the iterative phases of YPAR – critical reflection and social action. Their involvement empowered them to advocate for their peers by disseminating the results and recommendations to key stakeholders within the community. Youth researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 participants. Overall, the findings show that relationships with staff and peers, flexibility, psychosocial and academic supports, and personal circumstances are vital in helping vulnerable students succeed in school. Engagement in YPAR provided insight into working with vulnerable youth in a manner that promotes agency and social change within educational institutions.
Association of gankyrin protein expression with early clinical stages and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Gankyrin (also known as PSMD10) is a liver oncoprotein that interacts with multiple proteins including MDM2 and accelerates degradation of the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb. We produced a monoclonal anti‐gankyrin antibody and immunohistochemically assessed the clinicopathological significance of gankyrin overexpression in 43 specimens of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specific cytoplasmic staining for gankyrin was observed in 62.8% (27/43) of HCCs, which was significantly associated with low TNM stage (P = 0.004), no capsular invasion (P = 0.018), no portal venous invasion (P = 0.008), and no intrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.012). The cumulative survival rate of patients with gankyrin‐positive HCC was significantly higher than that with gankyrin‐negative HCC (P = 0.037). p53 and MDM2 were positively stained by antibodies in 30.2% and 23.3%, respectively, of HCCs, but neither was inversely associated with gankyrin expression. In the Huh‐7 human HCC cell line, overexpression of gankyrin up‐regulated expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP‐5), whereas suppression of gankyrin expression by siRNA down‐regulated it. Supression of IGFBP‐5 expression inhibited proliferation of Huh‐7 cells as well as U‐2 OS osteosarcoma cells. In HCC specimens, positive staining for IGFBP‐5 was observed by immunohistochemistry in 41.9% (18/43), and the level of expression was significantly correlated with that of gankyrin (rho = 0.629, P < 0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that gankyrin plays an oncogenic role(s) mainly at the early stages of human hepatocarcinogenesis, and that IGFBP‐5 inducible by gankyrin overexpression may be involved in it. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Lifting curves simply

We provide linear lower bounds for $f_\rho(L)$, the smallest integer so that every curve on a fixed hyperbolic surface $(S,\rho)$ of length at most $L$ lifts to a simple curve on a cover of degree at most $f_\rho(L)$. This bound is independent of hyperbolic structure $\rho$, and improves on a recent bound of Gupta-Kapovich. When $(S,\rho)$ is without punctures, using work of Patel we conclude asymptotically linear growth of $f_\rho$. When $(S,\rho)$ has a puncture, we obtain exponential lower bounds for $f_\rho$.
Novel Word Learning in Bilingual and Monolingual Infants: Evidence for a Bilingual Advantage.

Previous studies revealing that monolingual and bilingual infants learn similar sounding words with comparable success are largely based on prior investigations involving single-feature changes in the onset consonant of a word. There have been no investigations of bilingual infants' abilities to learn similar sounding words differentiated by vowels. In the current study, 18-month-old bilingual and monolingual infants (n = 90) were compared on their sensitivity to a vowel change when learning the meanings of words. Bilingual infants learned similar sounding words differing by a vowel contrast, whereas monolingual English- and Mandarin-learning infants did not. Findings are discussed in terms of early constraints on novel word learning in bilingual and monolingual infants.
A More Accurate Estimate of Heritability

Abstract All psychological and psychophysiological traits vary, often widely, about their stable set-point values, due to transitory environmental influences. Because it is this stable set-point that embodies the genetically determined component of the trait, twin and family data based on one-time trait measurements must underestimate true trait heritability. The means of multiple measurements, taken months or years apart, then correlated within pairs of monozygotic twins, would yield an accurate estimate of the broad heritability of the set-point value, but such data are rare and expensive. Given just two measurements sufficiently far apart, the cross-twin cross-time correlation (RCT), divided by the retest or within-twin cross-time correlation (RWT), provides a valid estimate of set-point heritability. This article examines data from young and middle-aged twins who were tested twice, 3 or more years apart, on heart rate and blood pressure, personality traits, self-rating items, occupational and recreational interests, as well as on Wechsler Intelligence Scales. In every case, the disattenuated RCT revealed substantially higher heritability than indicated by correlations based on single measurements.
The Retrieval of Phonetically Similar and Dissimilar Category Members.

Subjects were given a category and a letter (e.g., 'relative-M') and asked to name a member of that category beginning with that letter (e.g., 'mother'). Immediately afterward, they were given the same category and a different letter and asked to name a second member beginning with that different letter, which had been chosen for its likelihood of eliciting a phonetically similar or dissimilar response (e.g., 'brother' or 'cousin'). They responded faster with a second instance of the category than with a first and faster with a phonetically similar second member than a dissimilar one. The results place certain constraints on theories of the nature of storage and retrieval from semantic memory.
Organizational Development Goes Digital: Applying Simulation to Organizational Change

Organizational change initiatives are challenging for both researchers to understand and for practitioners/organizational leaders to execute. This article takes a conceptual approach to describe organizational simulation technologies as one of many approaches for use in organizational development activities while also providing two examples of how simulations have been applied to real-world scenarios. Scenario 1 involved a process re-engineering effort within a manufacturing organization where a manufacturing process was modeled to explore how numerous factors (e.g. product inputs, organizational structure, manpower allocation) influenced the simulated output. Scenario 2 included an organizational change initiative involving organizational design modifications in a command and control center. Here, two organizational design alternatives were compared and contrasted. Simulation technologies may provide organizational development (OD) professionals with the opportunity to experiment with alternative organizational designs, an inherent strength for generating potential return on investment estimates. Researchers from the Air Force Research Laboratory have used simulation technologies as one element of an overall organizational development strategy within two different projects, albeit as one aspect of a larger change management strategy. This article discusses these applied examples in the context of a conceptual discussion on the merits of simulation as a tool to support organizational change.
Adaptive Organizations

We consider organizations that optimally choose the level of adaptation to a changing environment when coordination among specialized tasks is a concern. Adaptive organizations provide employees with flexibility to tailor their tasks to local information. Coordination is maintained by limiting specialization and improving communication. Alternatively, by letting employees stick to some preagreed action plan, organizations can ensure coordination without communication, regardless of the extent of specialization. Among other things, our theory shows how extensive specialization results in organizations that ignore local knowledge, and it explains why improvements in communication technology may reduce specialization by pushing organizations to become more adaptive.
The Use of Bedside Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism

Evaluation of patients that present to the emergency department with concerns for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be difficult. Modalities including computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, pulmonary angiography, and ventilation perfusion scans can expose patients to large quantities of radiation especially if the study has to be repeated due to poor quality. This is particularly a concern in the pregnant population that has an increased incidence of pulmonary embolism and may not be able to undergo multiple radiographic studies due to fetal radiation exposure. This paper presents a case of a pregnant patient with signs and symptoms concerning pulmonary embolism. The paper discusses the use of bedside ultrasound in the evaluation of patients with pulmonary embolism.
Book review: ANITA FETZER and GERDA EVA LAUERBACH, Political Discourse in the Media: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007. viii + 379 pp. €110.00/US$165.00 (hbk)

builds an interesting discussion of the canon, taking it as the manifestation of underlying ideologies of literature as well as of its functions in society. Such manifestation, though, is by no means stable, as it is indeed highly subjected to paradigm shifts within a particular society. In order to canonize hypertext, then, Ensslin adopts a more flexible concept of canon, which is creative rather than restrictive. According to the author, the list of outstanding works she offers in Chapter 2 is neither compulsory nor rigid in nature, but an outline of what she considers works of the genre worth entering an educational paradigm. Most importantly, she presents and discusses the four criteria that she uses in the canon selection process, which are related to production (circumstances of authorship), object (the subject matter), form (linguistic and other structural devices, including navigational strategies), and reception (the reader in the widest sense, including lay readers, critics, editors, and pedagogues alike). Canonizing Hypertext: Explorations and Constructions is a good example of the way traditional and modern competences can be put to work side by side so as to reach deep learning and intrinsic motivation, something contemporary educational systems should take seriously if they do not want browsing to become youth’s only reading strategy. The book is highly recommended to scholars, instructors, and students of literature, but will be food for thought for all researchers interested in (hyper)media criticism as well. It will also be an excellent guide for curriculum decision makers and digital literature adventurers, as it lists, discusses, and classifies 23 hypertexts from three generations, selected from more than 200 examples.
Gross Domestic Product and Health Expenditure Associated With Incidence, 30-Day Fatality, and Age at Stroke Onset: A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose— Differences in definitions of socioeconomic status and between study designs hinder their comparability across countries. We aimed to analyze the correlation between 3 widely used macrosocioeconomic status indicators and clinical outcomes. Methods— We selected population-based studies reporting incident stroke risk and/or 30-day case-fatality according to prespecified criteria. We used 3 macrosocioeconomic status indicators that are consistently defined by international agencies: per capita gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity, total health expenditures per capita at purchasing power parity, and unemployment rate. We examined the correlation of each macrosocioeconomic status indicator with incident risk of stroke, 30-day case-fatality, proportion of hemorrhagic strokes, and age at stroke onset. Results— Twenty-three articles comprising 30 population-based studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Age-adjusted incident risk of stroke using the standardized World Health Organization World population was associated to lower per capita gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity (&rgr;=−0.661, P=0.027, R2=0.32) and total health expenditures per capita at purchasing power parity (&rgr;=−0.623, P=0.040, R2=0.26). Thirty-day case-fatality rates and proportion of hemorrhagic strokes were also related to lower per capita gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity and total health expenditures per capita at purchasing power parity. Moreover, stroke occurred at a younger age in populations with low per capita gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity and total health expenditures per capita at purchasing power parity. There was no correlation between unemployment rates and outcome measures. Conclusions— Lower per capita gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity and total health expenditures per capita at purchasing power parity were associated with higher incident risk of stroke, higher case-fatality, a greater proportion of hemorrhagic strokes, and lower age at stroke onset. As a result, these macrosocioeconomic status indicators may be used as proxy measures of quality of primary prevention and acute care and considered as important factors for developing strategies aimed at improving worldwide stroke care.
Perioperative only versus extended antimicrobial usage in tympanomastoid surgery: A randomized trial

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is still a matter of debate in ear surgeries. Previous studies have focused on prophylaxis in middle ear surgery alone without inclusion of mastoidectomy. We therefore investigated efficacy of two regimes of antimicrobial prophylaxis in tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy done for mild middle ear disease in chronic otitis media.
Fibred fibration categories

We introduce fibred type-theoretic fibration categories which are fibred categories between categorical models of Martin-Löf type theory. Fibred type-theoretic fibration categories give a categorical description of logical predicates for identity types. As an application, we show a relational parametricity result for homotopy type theory. As a corollary, it follows that every closed term of type of polymorphic endofunctions on a loop space is homotopic to some iterated concatenation of a loop.
Sexual Orientation and Human Rights in the Ethics Code of the Psychology and Counseling Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran (PCOIRI)

The aim of this study is to investigate the necessity of revising the Ethics Code of the Psychology and Counseling Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran (PCOIRI) with respect to people’s rights and dignity and to avoid unfair discriminations toward sexual orientation and gender identity. It is said that confused diagnoses; wrong decision making; unethical practice; and the subsequent harm caused to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients result from the lack of a clear code and relevant guidelines. In addition, certain conditions in Iran (such as religious perspectives, laws, cultural biases, misunderstandings, a lack of local academic and scientific resources, and Western conspiracy theories) lead professional psychologists and researchers to avoid researching sexual minorities and gender identity, which negatively impacts the Ethics Code of the PCOIRI. Iranian and Western researchers have identified four primary sources to which psychologists and counselors can refer when faced with ethical dilemmas: developmental psychology, professional ethics codes, philosophy of psychology literature, and available researches and compilations on professional ethics. Finally it is suggested that, when dealing with homosexual clients and the related ethical dilemmas, Iranian psychologists and counselors need clear and specific guidelines and a professional ethics code developed from more appropriate reference points than legal and religious sources.
Impact of hepatitis C virus duration and hepatitis C virus genotypes on renal transplant patients: correlation with clinicopathological features.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the liver in renal transplant patients. METHODS We studied 78 patients for whom at least one posttransplant liver biopsy (LB) was available and for whom the duration of HCV infection was precisely defined. The LB were graded according to a histological activity index, i.e., the Knodell score, divided into the activity score and the fibrosis score. They were also classified as either normal or showing evidence of chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (CAH), or cirrhosis. RESULTS The study comprised 7 HCV-positive/hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients (group 1); 4 HCV-positive/RNA-negative patients (group 2); and 67 HCV-positive/RNA-positive patients (group 3). The three groups were comparable according to demographic data and baseline immunosuppression. The median time from transplantation to LB was 38 months (range, 10-306 months). At that time, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels had increased in 71.4%, 0%, and 42% of patients from groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P=0.07). The total Knodell score showed significantly more severe lesions in group 1 patients (6.2+/-3.2) than in group 2 (1+/-1.2) or in group 3 (4.6+/-2.4) patients (P=0.007). The Knodell score also showed that the fibrosis score was significantly higher in group 1 (2.3+/-1.6) than in group 2 (0) or in group 3 (0.9+/-1.1) patients (P=0.007). Overall, there were 28 cases of CAH (36%) and 4 cases of cirrhosis (5%). We did not observe any correlation between liver histology and characteristics of HCV infection or the type of chronic immunosuppression (double-drug versus triple-drug therapy). However, liver histology (total Knodell score) and the activity score were significantly correlated with ALT levels. Multivariate analysis did identify (i) four independent variables that could explain the degree of liver fibrosis-the sex of the patient, the number of blood units received before transplantation, increased ALT levels at the time of LB, and the occurrence of at least one acute rejection episode (thus the receipt of methylprednisolone pulses); and (ii) two independent variables associated with the occurrence of CAH-the number of blood units before transplantation and increased ALT levels at the time of LB. CONCLUSION This study showed that renal transplant patients infected by HCV for more than 10 years, with a mean posttransplant follow-up of more than 5 years, showed more severe liver lesions when coinfected by hepatitis B virus. Overall, we observed only four cases of cirrhosis (5%) and evidence of histological CAH lesions in 36% of the patients.
Barriers to delivery of thrombolysis for acute stroke.

1. Roberts HC, Pickering RM, Onslow E et al. The effectiveness of implementing a care pathway for femoral neck fracture in older people: a prospective controlled before and after study. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 178–184. 2. March LM, Cameron ID, Cumming RG et al. Mortality and morbidity after hip fracture: can evidence based clinical pathways make a difference. J Rheum 2000; 27: 2227–31. 3. Choong PFM, Langford AK, Dowsey MM, Santamaria NM. Clinical pathway for fractured neck of femur: a prospective, controlled study. Med J Aust 2000; 172: 423–6. 4. Kwan J, Sandercock P. In-hospital care pathways for stroke (Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane Library, Issue 3. Oxford: Update Software, 2003. 5. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Prevention and Management of Hip Fracture in Older People: A National Clinical Guideline. Edinburgh: Royal College of Physicians, No. 56, 2002. www.sign. ac.uk. 6. March LM, Chamberlain AC, Cameron ID et al. How best to Wx the broken hip. Med J Aust 1999; 170: 489–94.
Backward stochastic differential equations with constraints on the gains-process

We consider backward stochastic differential equations with convex constraints on the gains (or intensity-of-noise) process. Existence and uniqueness of a minimal solution are established in the case of a drift coefficient which is Lipschitz continuous in the state and gains processes and convex in the gains process. It is also shown that the minimal solution can be characterized as the unique solution of a functional stochastic control-type equation. This representation is related to the penalization method for constructing solutions of stochastic differential equations, involves change of measure techniques, and employs notions and results from convex analysis, such as the support function of the convex set of constraints and its various properties.