Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermally driven exchange flow between open water and an aquatic canopy

Differential solar heating can result from shading by rooted emergent aquatic plants, producing a temperature difference between vegetated and unvegetated regions of a surface water body. This temperature difference will promote an exchange flow between the vegetation and open water. Drag associated with the submerged portion of the plants modifies this exchange, specifically, changing the dominant velocity scale. Scaling analysis predicts several distinct flow regimes, including inertia-dominated, drag-dominated and energy-limiting regimes. After a constant heat source is initiated, the flow is initially inertial, but quickly transitions to the drag-dominated regime. The energy-limiting regime is not likely to occur in the presence of rooted vegetation. Laboratory experiments describe the exchange flow and confirm the scaling analysis. Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) was used to quantify the velocity field. Once the exchange flow enters the drag-dominated regime, the intrusion velocity uV is steady. The intrusion velocity decreases with increasing density of vegetation. The thickness of the intruding layer is set by the length scale of light penetration.
Alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation procedure with novel devices: part 3 – histological analysis in non‐human primate model

OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the histological changes following tooth extraction, ridge preservation and augmentation, using novel devices designed to obturate the oral orifice of extraction sockets (SocketKAP™) and provide structural support for sockets with defective bony walls (SocketKAGE™) in a non-human primate model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six Macaca fascicularis were imaged by cone beam computed tomography to register their preoperative alveolar bone. Three teeth were extracted in each animal, yielding intact socket walls and were divided into three intervention groups: unassisted healing negative control (Group A); SocketKAP™ (Group B); filled with anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + SocketKAP™ (Group C). Three additional teeth were extracted in each animal, followed by surgical resection of the entire buccal alveolar bone and divided into three groups: negative control (Group D); SocketKAP™ + SocketKAGE™ (Group E); ABBM + SocketKAP™ + SocketKAGE™ (Group F). Animals were euthanized after 12 weeks, and treatment sites were examined by histology and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Control sockets with unassisted healing (Groups A and D) underwent severe loss of bone width, height and total area (approximately 40-60% loss). Application of SocketKAP™ in sites with intact walls, as well as SocketKAP™ plus SocketKAGE™ in sites with defective buccal walls lead to higher preservation of alveolar bone height after 12 weeks post-intervention. Addition of ABBM leads to the highest degree of alveolar bone dimensional preservation. Control sites with unassisted healing (Groups A and D), as well as sites treated with extraction socket devices (Groups B and E) without ABBM yielded higher percentage of vital bone, compared with sites filled with ABBM (Groups C and F). No adverse histological responses were noted to SocketKAP™ or SocketKAGE™ devices. CONCLUSIONS SocketKAP™ + SocketKAGE™ devices proved effective in reducing post-extraction alveolar bone resorption mediating favorable wound healing within sockets. Addition of ABBM was associated with reduced volumetric loss, although the bone fill was characterized by less mature as well as more woven bone.
Wideband Tunable PIFA Antenna with Loaded Slot Structure for Mobile Handset and LTE Applications

A compact planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) with a tunable frequency response is presented. Tuning of the resonant frequency is realized by loading a varactor on an embedded slot of the proposed antenna structure with- out further optimizing other antenna geometry parameters. The antenna exhibits a wide frequency range from 1570 to 2600 MHz with a good impedance matching (S11 ≤ -10dB) covering the GPS, PCS, DCS, UMTS, WLAN and LTE systems. To validate the theoretical model and design con- cept, the antenna prototype was fabricated and measured. The compact size of the antenna is 15 mm × 8 mm × 3 mm, which makes this antenna a good candidate for mobile handset and wireless communication applications.
Spherical approximate identity neural networks are universal approximators

Approximation continuous functions on the unit sphere has important applications in science and engineering. The aim of this study is to answer questions concerning the universal approximation capability of a single-hidden layer feedforward spherical approximate identity neural networks to continuous functions on the unit sphere. First, the basic definitions of spherical convolution is introduced. Then, an obtained theorem shows that the convolution linear operators of spherical approximate identity with every continuous function / on the unit sphere converges to /. Making use of this result, a main theorem is also obtained. The method is used to prove the main theorem which is based on the theory of e-net. The results shows that spherical approximate identity neural networks are universal approximators.
A model of focal ischemic stroke in the rat: reproducible extensive cortical infarction.

In the search for a more reproducible focal ischemic stroke model in the rat, we systematically interrupted blood flow to the right middle cerebral artery territory by ligating the right middle cerebral artery, and the right and left common carotid arteries in succession. Using a laser-Doppler flowmeter, we found that the relative surface blood flow in cerebral cortex supplied by the right middle cerebral artery decreased to 62, 48, and 18% of baseline respectively after successive ligation of the right middle cerebral artery, and the right and left common carotid arteries. A focal infarct in the cerebral cortex supplied by the right middle cerebral artery was consistently noted after ligation of the right middle cerebral and the right common carotid arteries and temporary clip occlusion of the left common carotid artery for 60 min. The surface areas of infarction measured 100 +/- 6 mm2 and the maximal cross-sectional area of infarction was 10.4 +/- 1.1 mm2 (N = 10). The mortality rate was 7% (N = 70). The characteristic changes of ischemic necrosis were limited to the cortex with sparing of subcortical structures. No motor deficits occurred. Occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery alone or together with the right common carotid artery did not consistently cause gross infarction and the maximal cross-sectional area of infarction was smaller (the right middle cerebral artery, 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm2, N = 10; the right middle cerebral artery plus the right common carotid artery, 4.8 +/- 1.9 mm2, N = 10). Permanent ligation of the right middle cerebral artery and both common carotid arteries had a high mortality (60% in 3 days, N = 10). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Continued geographic expansion of dengue viruses and their mosquito vectors has seen the magnitude and frequency of epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) increase dramatically. More than 200,000,000 infections and over 2 million cases of DHF occur annually, and dengue is one of the most important emerging tropical diseases in the world. Its dramatically increased incidence and geographic expansion is driven by unprecedented urbanization in tropical developing countries, globalization and lack of public health infrastructure to prevent and control epidemic disease.
Genotypic Diversity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Causing Endocarditis: a Global Perspective

ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are important causes of infective endocarditis (IE), but their microbiological profiles are poorly described. We performed DNA target sequencing and susceptibility testing for 91 patients with definite CNS IE who were identified from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis—Microbiology, a large, multicenter, multinational consortium. A hierarchy of gene sequences demonstrated great genetic diversity within CNS from patients with definite endocarditis that represented diverse geographic regions. In particular, rpoB sequence data demonstrated unique genetic signatures with the potential to serve as an important tool for global surveillance.
RNA-Binding Protein Khd1 and Ccr4 Deadenylase Play Overlapping Roles in the Cell Wall Integrity Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA-binding protein Khd1/Hek2 associates with hundreds of potential mRNA targets preferentially, including the mRNAs encoding proteins localized to the cell wall and plasma membrane. We have previously revealed that Khd1 positively regulates expression of MTL1 mRNA encoding a membrane sensor in the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. However, a khd1Δ mutation has no detectable phenotype on cell wall synthesis. Here we show that the khd1Δ mutation causes a severe cell lysis when combined with the deletion of the CCR4 gene encoding a cytoplasmic deadenylase. We identified the ROM2 mRNA, encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho1, as a target for Khd1 and Ccr4. The ROM2 mRNA level was decreased in the khd1Δ ccr4Δ mutant, and ROM2 overexpression suppressed the cell lysis of the khd1Δ ccr4Δ mutant. We also found that Ccr4 negatively regulates expression of the LRG1 mRNA encoding a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rho1. The LRG1 mRNA level was increased in the ccr4Δ and khd1Δ ccr4Δ mutants, and deletion of LRG1 suppressed the cell lysis of the khd1Δ ccr4Δ mutant. Our results presented here suggest that Khd1 and Ccr4 modulate a signal from Rho1 in the CWI pathway by regulating the expression of RhoGEF and RhoGAP.
Analyzing the role of visual structure in the recognition of natural image content with multi-scale SSIM

Natural images are meaningful to humans - the physical world exhibits statistical regularities that permit the human visual system (HVS) to infer useful interpretations. These regularities communicate the visual structure of the physical world and govern the statistics of images (image structure). A signal processing framework is sought to analyze image characteristics for a relationship with human interpretation. This work investigates the first step toward an objective visual information evaluation: predicting the recognition threshold of different image representations. Given a image sequence, whose images begin as unrecognizable and are gradually refined to include more information according to some measure, the recognition threshold corresponds to first the image in the sequence in which an observer accurately identifies the content. Sequences are produced using two types of image representations: signal-based and visual structure preserving. Signal-based representations add information as dictated by conventional mathematical characterizations of images based on models of low-level HVS processing and use basis functions as the basic image components. Visual structure preserving representations add information to images attributed to visual structure and attempt to mimic higher-level HVS processing by considering the scene's objects as the basic image components. An experiment is conducted to identify the recognition threshold image. Several full-reference perceptual quality assessment algorithms are evaluated in terms of their ability to predict the recognition threshold of different image representations. The cross-correlation component of a modified version of the multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) metric, denoted MS-SSIM*, exhibits a better overall correlation with the signal-based and visual structure preserving representations' average recognition thresholds than the standard MS-SSIM cross-correlation component. These findings underscore the significance of visual structure in recognition and advocate a multi-scale image structure analysis for a rudimentary evaluation of visual information.
Longitudinal versus traditional residencies: a study of continuity of care.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Continuity of care is one of the presumed advantages of longitudinal residencies. However, it is not clear how well such residencies provide continuity of care, and, further, there is no recognized acceptable rate of good continuity. We compared traditional and longitudinal residencies to determine the extent to which the residents provided their patients with continuity of care. METHODS We conducted a systematic chart review at three longitudinal and three matched traditional block-rotation programs. In total, 628 charts were reviewed, and 6,256 visits were evaluated. Continuity with a primary resident was evaluated over a 2-year period, with continuity defined as the percentage of visits for which the patient saw the same resident. RESULTS There was no significant difference in overall rates of continuity between longitudinal and traditional programs (59.6% versus 57.8%). One longitudinal program, however, had a 74.8% rate of continuity, which was significantly higher than the rates in the otherfive programs. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference found in continuity of care provided by residents at longitudinal programs, compared with those at traditional programs. Our results do not support the hypothesis that longitudinal residency programs achieve superior rates of continuity of care. Further comparison studies of longitudinal and traditional programs would be useful.
Computer Assisted Navigation in Knee Arthroplasty

Computer assisted surgery (CAS) was used to improve the positioning of implants during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Most studies have reported that computer assisted navigation reduced the outliers of alignment and component malpositioning. However, additional sophisticated studies are necessary to determine if the improvement of alignment will improve long-term clinical results and increase the survival rate of the implant. Knowledge of CAS-TKA technology and understanding the advantages and limitations of navigation are crucial to the successful application of the CAS technique in TKA. In this article, we review the components of navigation, classification of the system, surgical method, potential error, clinical results, advantages, and disadvantages.
Morphine in acute heart failure.

Acute pulmonary oedema is a common condition in the emergency room, associated with considerable mortality. Morphine has since a long time, been used in patients with acute pulmonary oedema due to its anticipated anxiolytic and vasodilatory properties; however a discussion about the benefits and risks has been raised recently (1). There are no large randomised controlled trials supporting the use of morphine in the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). A certain vasodilation has been described after morphine administration (2), but the evidence for this mechanism is relatively poor and morphine-induced anxiolysis may possibly be the most important factor of morphine in pulmonary oedema and therefore some authors have suggested benzodiazepines as an alternative treatment (3).
A survey on 3GPP heterogeneous networks

As the spectral efficiency of a point-to-point link in cellular networks approaches its theoretical limits, with the forecasted explosion of data traffic, there is a need for an increase in the node density to further improve network capacity. However, in already dense deployments in today's networks, cell splitting gains can be severely limited by high inter-cell interference. Moreover, high capital expenditure cost associated with high power macro nodes further limits viability of such an approach. This article discusses the need for an alternative strategy, where low power nodes are overlaid within a macro network, creating what is referred to as a heterogeneous network. We survey current state of the art in heterogeneous deployments and focus on 3GPP LTE air interface to describe future trends. A high-level overview of the 3GPP LTE air interface, network nodes, and spectrum allocation options is provided, along with the enabling mechanisms for heterogeneous deployments. Interference management techniques that are critical for LTE heterogeneous deployments are discussed in greater detail. Cell range expansion, enabled through cell biasing and adaptive resource partitioning, is seen as an effective method to balance the load among the nodes in the network and improve overall trunking efficiency. An interference cancellation receiver plays a crucial role in ensuring acquisition of weak cells and reliability of control and data reception in the presence of legacy signals.
Expression of Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins in Lymphocytes as a Marker of Susceptibility to Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck

The transcript levels of nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes were shown to be associated with risk of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, this association may be biased, because the transcript level does not necessarily reflect the level of protein expression. To address this issue, we did a pilot study to test the hypothesis that the expression of six core NER proteins is associated with risk of SCCHN. We obtained cultured lymphocytes from 57 patients with newly diagnosed SCCHN patients and 63 cancer-free controls. We transfected some of the lymphocytes with both damaged and undamaged plasmid DNA and quantified NER protein levels in these lymphocytes using a reverse-phase protein microarray. The relative NER protein levels in the 63 controls were highly correlated with each other (P < 0.001 for all). Compared with the controls, the cases had lower expression levels for all the NER proteins, particularly XPC and XPF, which were reduced by about 25% (P < 0.01). When we used the median expression levels of the NER proteins in the controls as cutoff values, we found that a significantly increased risk of SCCHN was associated with low expression of XPA [odds ratio (OR), 2.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-7.47], XPC (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.04-5.87), XPD (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.18-7.76), and XPF (OR, 5.29; 95% CI, 2.01-13.9), but not ERCC1 and XPG, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, and sample storage time. In a multivariate logistic regression model that included all covariates and NER proteins, however, only low expression of XPF remained a significant risk factor for SCCHN (OR, 11.5; 95% CI, 2.32-56.6). These results suggest that XPF may be a crucial rate-limiting factor in DNA repair and that the reverse-protein microarray assay may be a useful tool for measuring protein markers of susceptibility to cancer.
The New ( Commercial ) Open Source : Does It Really Improve Social Welfare ?

We discuss welfare and various policy interventions for mixed ICT markets where firms use either ‘open source’ (OS) or ‘closed source’ (CS) business models. We find that the existence of OS business models improves social welfare compared to all-CS industries by letting firms share costs and avoid duplication. However, code sharing also establishes a de facto quality-cartel that suppresses OS firms’ incentives to invest. Competition from CS firms weakens this cartel and improves welfare. That said, market forces alone provide too little CS competition. We find no support for various government interventions based on tax breaks for OS-based firms and pro-OS procurement preferences by government. However, policies that directly target the supply of OS code have a positive impact.
Standardization and Preparation of Guava Cheese from Different Cultivars

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is delicious fruit of the plant family Myrtaceae. It is a popular tree fruit of the Asian Subcontinent, it is commonly known as “Apple of Tropics” and locally by different names Such Amrud, Peru, Piyara Koyyya. Sedepandu, etc. Guava is valued as a Potential Source of pectin, ascorbic acid (Vitamins -c), Sugars and minerals (Harmanan et al., 2005), Guava is popular among the people of all social strata due to its comparative low price than some other fruits nourishing value and good taste.
Opportunistic problem solving in software engineering

Software development is a complex, mainly cognitive endeavor. Studying these cognitions can improve software processes, but this is an ambitious task. The topic is broad, and the software engineering domain is still maturing. Positioning software engineering activities within a holistic view of the software process helps us compare it with other engineering disciplines. In this way, we can better define what is specific to software engineering and how to quantitatively and qualitatively measure these activities.
Optimal Lifetime Asset Allocation with Goals-Based, Lifecycle Glide Paths

Assets should serve a purpose: to fund a lifetime of financial goals. If assets serve the purpose of funding lifetime goals, it naturally follows that optimal lifetime asset allocation should be goals-based and multi-period, requiring customization according to goals, human capital, and risk preference. Ideally, risk preference is defined intuitively for private investors. We present a dynamic asset allocation method based on an intertemporal capital asset pricing model that incorporates these features to produce a goals-based lifecycle glide path—an asset allocation roadmap that optimally funds lifetime consumption goals while adapting to evolving conditions.
Replicating portfolio approach to capital calculation

The replicating portfolio (RP) approach to the calculation of capital for life insurance portfolios is an industry standard. The RP is obtained from projecting the terminal loss of discounted asset–liability cash flows on a set of factors generated by a family of financial instruments that can be efficiently simulated. We provide the mathematical foundations and a novel dynamic and path-dependent RP approach for real-world and risk-neutral sampling. We show that our RP approach yields asymptotically consistent capital estimators if the chaotic representation property holds. We illustrate the tractability of the RP approach by three numerical examples.
The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor LUH/MUM1 Is Required for Extrusion of Seed Coat Mucilage1[W][OA]

During differentiation, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells secrete mucilage composed primarily of rhamnogalacturonan I that is extruded from the seed coat upon imbibition. The mucilage of the mucilage modified1 (mum1) mutant contains rhamnogalacturonan I that is more highly branched and lacks the ability to be extruded when exposed to water. Our cloning of the MUM1 gene shows that it encodes a putative transcription factor, LEUNIG_HOMOLOG (LUH). Cellular localization and transcriptional assay results suggest that LUH/MUM1 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator. LUH/MUM1 is expressed in all the tissues examined, including the seed coat. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data suggest that LUH/MUM1 is expressed throughout seed coat development, reaching peak expression late in differentiation. LUH1/MUM1 expression in plants homozygous for mutations in several genes encoding regulators of seed coat mucilage was unchanged. Thus, LUH/MUM1 expression appears to be independent of other transcription factors known to regulate aspects of seed coat mucilage biology. The expression in the luh/mum1 mutant of three genes encoding enzymes needed for mucilage extrusion, MUM2, SUBSILIN PROTEASE1.7, and β-XYLOSIDASE1, was reduced relative to that of the wild type. Overexpression of MUM2 could partially rescue the mum1 phenotype. These data suggest that LUH/MUM1 is a positive regulator of all three genes.