Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Env encodes an ITAM responsible for transformation of mammary epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture

Expression of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing signaling proteins is normally restricted to hematopoietic tissues. The basal activity of ITAMcontaining proteins is mediated through negative regulation by coreceptors restricted to hematopoietic tissues. We have identified an ITAM signaling domain encoded within the env gene of murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Three-dimensional structures derived in vitro from murine cells stably transfected with MMTV env display a depolarized morphology in comparison with control mammary epithelial cells. This effect is abolished by Y F substitution within the Env ITAM, as well as inhibitors of Syk and Src protein tyrosine kinases. Env-expressing cells bear hallmarks of cell transformation such as sensitivity to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or TNF , as well as down-regulation of E-cadherin and Keratin-18. Human normal mammary epithelial cells expressing MMTV Env also develop transformed phenotype, as typified by growth in soft agar and Matrigel invasion. These disruptions are abrogated by Y F substitutions. We conclude that ITAM-dependent signals are generated through MMTV Env and trigger early hallmarks of transformation of mouse and human mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, these data suggest a heretofore unappreciated potential mechanism for the initiation of breast cancer and identify MMTV Env and ITAM-containing proteins in human breast tumors as probable oncoproteins.
In Vivo Outer Hair Cell Length Changes Expose the Active Process in the Cochlea

Background Mammalian hearing is refined by amplification of the sound-evoked vibration of the cochlear partition. This amplification is at least partly due to forces produced by protein motors residing in the cylindrical body of the outer hair cell. To transmit power to the cochlear partition, it is required that the outer hair cells dynamically change their length, in addition to generating force. These length changes, which have not previously been measured in vivo, must be correctly timed with the acoustic stimulus to produce amplification. Methodology/Principal Findings Using in vivo optical coherence tomography, we demonstrate that outer hair cells in living guinea pigs have length changes with unexpected timing and magnitudes that depend on the stimulus level in the sensitive cochlea. Conclusions/Significance The level-dependent length change is a necessary condition for directly validating that power is expended by the active process presumed to underlie normal hearing.
The Development of IT Business Alignment and Usage Patterns Over Time in SME: A Longitudinal Case Study

IT Business Alignment has been found to be a driver of both, IT value and business process quality. But as the interplay between IT and complementary organizational resources is complex and especially as alignment involves humans and their ways of interacting and coping with these complementarities, a relevant question remains: how to achieve alignment? We present an excerpt of findings from a one year project in a company belonging to the SME sector focusing on its warehouse that shows how fundamentally better business processes were implemented by increasing IT business alignment and IS usage. During the project, different mechanisms to improve alignment were used and the organizational results in terms of business impact were documented.
Outcomes of Hemisphericity Questionnaires Correlate with Unilateral Dichotic Deafness

Using the Dichotic Deafness Test, 145 university workers were separated into dichotic deafness and hearing groups based on minor ear responses to dichotic consonant-vowel stimuli. They were also separated into putative right and left brain-oriented groups by Zenhausern's Preference Questionnaire. Interestingly, members of the dichotically hearing group chose mainly right brain-oriented answers and vice versa. A correlation coefficient twice that obtained for Zenhausern's Preference Questionnaire resulted when subject groups separated by the novel Polarity Questionnaire were compared to Dichotic Deafness Test groups. Only 30% of Preference Questionnaire items, versus 90% of Polarity Questionnaire items, were significantly correlated with Dichotic Deafness Test groups. This is the first report of hemisphericity-type questionnaires showing significant correlations with a biophysical measure of brain laterality.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates a Negative Inotropic Effect in Cardiac Myocytes

p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is one of the most ancient signaling molecules and is involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell death. In the heart, enhanced activation of p38 MAPK is associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury and the onset of heart failure. In the present study, we investigated the function of p38 MAPK in regulating cardiac contractility and its underlying mechanisms. In cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes, activation of p38 MAPK by adenoviral gene transfer of an activated mutant of its upstream kinase, MKK3bE, led to a significant reduction in baseline contractility, compared with uninfected cells or those infected with a control adenoviral vector (Adv-&bgr;-galactosidase). The inhibitory effect of MKK3bE on contractility was largely prevented by coexpressing a dominant-negative mutant of p38 MAPK or treating cells with a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous p38 MAPK activity by SB203580 rapidly and reversibly enhanced cell contractility in a dose-dependent manner, without altering L-type Ca2+ currents or Ca2+i transients. MKK3bE-induced p38 activation had no significant effect on pHi, whereas SB203580 had a minor effect to elevate pHi. Furthermore, activation of p38 MAPK was unable to increase troponin I phosphorylation. Thus, we conclude that the negative inotropic effect of p38 MAPK is mediated by decreasing myofilament response to Ca2+, rather than by altering Ca2+i homeostasis and that the reduced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity is unlikely attributable to troponin I phosphorylation or alterations in pHi. These findings reveal a novel function of p38 MAPK and shed a new light on our understanding of the coincidence of p38 MAPK activation and the onset of heart failure.
Family Abuse and its Consequences: New Directions in Research

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION: THE PREVALENCE OF FAMILY VIOLENCE How Violent Are American Families? Estimates from the National Family Violence Resurvey and Other Studies - Murray A Straus and Richard J Gelles PART TWO: PHYSICAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN Social Incompetence and the Intergenerational Transmission of Abusive Parental Practices - Robert L Burgess and Lise M Youngblade 'Normal Violence' in the Adult-Child Relationship - Frank G Bolton Jr A Diathesis-Stress Approach to Child Maltreatment within the Family Understanding Violent Mothers and Fathers - Phyliss D Coontz and Judith A Martin Assessing Explanations Offered by Mothers and Fathers for Their Use of Corporal Punishment Parental Aggressiveness and Physical Punishment in Long-Term Perspective - Joan McCord Abused and Neglected Children with Their Peers - Carollee Howes The Link Between Child Abuse and Juvenile Delinquency - Ellen Gray What We Know and Recommendations for Policy and Research PART THREE: WIFE ABUSE An Existential Approach to Battering - Kathleen J Ferraro The Battered Woman Syndrome - Lenore E Walker The Clinical Literature on Men Who Batter - James Ptacek A Review and Critique Concern for Power, Fear of Intimacy and Aversive Stimuli for Wife Abuse - Donald G Dutton and James J Browning Conflict Tactics Used by Men in Marital Disputes - Linda P Rouse Correlates of Early Violence Experience Among Men Who are Abusive Toward Female Mates - Mildred E Johnston Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Factors Associated with Marital Violence - Gayla Margolin Assessing Agreement of Reports of Spouse Abuse - K Daniel O'Leary and Ileana Arias A Multivariate Investigation of Children's Adjustment of Family Violence - David A Wolfe et al PART FOUR: ELDER ABUSE, SEXUAL ABUSE AND DATING ABUSE Elder Abuse - David Finkelhor and Karl Pillemer Its Relationship to Other Forms of Domestic Violence Multiple Sexual Victimization - Nancy M Shields and Christine R Hanneke The Case of Incest and Marital Rape Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Child Sexual Abuse - David Finkelhor and Angela Browne A Review and Conceptualization Date Abuse and Forced Intercourse Among College Students - John E Murphy The Severity of Courtship Violence and the Effectiveness of Individual Precautions - James M Makepeace
THREE NESTED LIMIT CYCLES IN DISCONTINUOUS PIECEWISE LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS WITH TWO ZONES

In this paper we study a planar piecewise linear differential system formed by two regions separated by a straight line so that one system has a real unstable focus and the other a virtual stable focus which coincides with the real one. This system was intro- duced in a very recent paper (On the number of limit cycles in general planar piecewise linear systems, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems-A 32, 2012, pp. 2147-2164) by S. -M. Huan and X. -S. Yang, who numerically showed that it can exhibit 3 limit cycles surrounding the real focus. This is the first example that a non-smooth piecewise linear differential system with two zones can have 3 nested limit cycles of crossing type surround- ing a unique equilibrium. We provide a rigorous computer assisted proof of the quoted numerical result.
Psychotropic drugs and liver disease: A critical review of pharmacokinetics and liver toxicity

The liver is the organ by which the majority of substances are metabolized, including psychotropic drugs. There are several pharmacokinetic changes in end-stage liver disease that can interfere with the metabolization of psychotropic drugs. This fact is particularly true in drugs with extensive first-pass metabolism, highly protein bound drugs and drugs depending on phase I hepatic metabolic reactions. Psychopharmacological agents are also associated with a risk of hepatotoxicity. The evidence is insufficient for definite conclusions regarding the prevalence and severity of psychiatric drug-induced liver injury. High-risk psychotropics are not advised when there is pre-existing liver disease, and after starting a psychotropic agent in a patient with hepatic impairment, frequent liver function/lesion monitoring is advised. The authors carefully review the pharmacokinetic disturbances induced by end-stage liver disease and the potential of psychopharmacological agents for liver toxicity.
KEEPING IT TOGETHER: HOW WOMEN USE THE BIOMEDICAL EXPLANATORY MODEL TO MANAGE THE STIGMA OF DEPRESSION

Although considerable research has been conducted on women who are depressed, the actual experiences and voices of women have not been central to this research. Therefore little is known about how women make sense of depression as they live with and manage it in their daily lives. Our purposes in doing this study were to (1) examine how women experience and manage depression and treatment, and (2) investigate the core components of women's explanatory models of depression (including beliefs about etiology, onset of symptoms, pathophysiology, course of illness, and treatment needs). We interviewed 43 women living in a small city in Western Canada who had sought treatment within the previous five years. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method of grounded theory. In this paper we will focus on the core concept, Keeping it Together, and its three supporting categories, (1) Taking Up a Biomedical Explanation for Depression, (2) Using the Biomedical Explanatory Model (BEM) to Manage the Stigma of Depression, and (3) The Inadvertent Effects of Adopting a BEM.
DESPERATELY SEEKING EMOTIONS OR: ACTORS, WIZARDS, AND HUMAN BEINGS.

Automatic dialogue systems used in call-centers, for instance, should be able to determine in a critical phase of the dialogue - indicated by the costumers vocal expression of anger/irritation - when it is better to pass over to a human operator. Ata (cid:12)rst glance, thisseems not to be a complicated task: It is reported in the literature that emotions can be told apart quite reliablyon the basis of prosodic features. However, these results are most of the time achieved in a laboratory setting, with experienced speakers (actors), and with elicited, controlled speech. We report classi(cid:12)cation results obtained within di(cid:11)erent experimental settings for the two-class-problem ‘neutral vs. anger’ using a vector of prosodic features and discuss the impact of single features on the classi(cid:12)cation rate. Recognition rates for these settings are best for a speaker-speci(cid:12)c classi(cid:12)er (one experienced speaker, acting), worse for a speaker-independent classi(cid:12)er (several less experienced speakers, reading), and even worse for a speaker-independent classi(cid:12)er with naive subjects performing the task of appointment scheduling in a Wizard-of-Oz-scenario where a malfunctioning system is simulated in order to evoke anger. The (cid:12)rst situation mirrors most of the settings reported in the literature, the third is closest to the ‘real-life’-task
Bioactive Profiles, Antioxidant Activities, Nitrite Scavenging Capacities and Protective Effects on H2O2-Injured PC12 Cells of Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. Leaf and Root Extracts

This study compared the total flavonoid content of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. leaf and root extracts. Results suggested that the total flavonoid content in the leaf extract was obviously higher than that in the root extract. Pinocembrin, the main compound in the leaf extract after purification by column chromatography, showed good antioxidant activity and nitrite scavenging capacity, but moderate inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase. Liquiritin was the main compound in root extract and possessed strong inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase. Both compounds exhibited significant protection effect on H2O2-injured PC12 cells at a low concentration. These results indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra L. leaf is potential as an important raw material for functional food.
Basal ganglia hematomas in severely head injured patients: clinicoradiological analysis of 37 cases.

OBJECT The authors analyzed the clinicoradiological presentation of traumatic basal ganglia hematomas (TBGHs) in severely head injured (SHI) patients. METHODS The records of 37 patients (28 male and nine female patients with a mean age of 28 years) in whom computerized tomography (CT) scans revealed TBGHs 2 ml or more in volume were retrospectively reviewed. These cases represented 2.4% of the total series of 1526 SHI patients admitted to the authors' institution between 1979 and 1998. Thirty-five patients (94%) were involved in traffic accidents and only two exhibited a period of lucidity. Associated extracranial injuries were seen in 21 patients (57%) and coagulation disorders in 32 (86%). Skull fracture was present in 10 (43%) of the 23 patients in whom skull x-ray films were obtained. Computerized tomography findings indicated diffuse axonal injury in 27 patients (73%), intraventricular hemorrhage in 22 patients (59%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 16 patients (43%). In all but two patients, the TBGHs were visible on the initial CT scan, and in 28 cases (76%) these hematomas were contralateral to the side of impact. Hematoma enlargement over the first few posttraumatic days was noted in 65% of the patients in whom control CT scans had been obtained (22 of 34 patients). Four patients (11%) underwent surgery to remove their TBGHs. Final outcomes were poor: 22 patients (59%) died, two (5%) became vegetative, seven (19%) experienced severe disabilities, and only six patients (16%) made a favorable recovery. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic basal ganglia hematomas are dynamic lesions that tend to enlarge during the acute posttraumatic period. The overall prognosis in this series was poor. Patients in whom the volume of the hematoma was larger than 25 ml and those in whom hematoma volume enlargement or raised intracranial pressure occurred had the worst outcomes, perhaps indicating the need for a more aggressive surgical treatment.
Predator–prey interactions mediated by prey personality and predator hunting mode

Predator–prey interactions are important drivers in structuring ecological communities. However, despite widespread acknowledgement that individual behaviours and predator species regulate ecological processes, studies have yet to incorporate individual behavioural variations in a multipredator system. We quantified a prevalent predator avoidance behaviour to examine the simultaneous roles of prey personality and predator hunting mode in governing predator–prey interactions. Mud crabs, Panopeus herbstii, reduce their activity levels and increase their refuge use in the presence of predator cues. We measured mud crab mortality and consistent individual variations in the strength of this predator avoidance behaviour in the presence of predatory blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, and toadfish, Opsanus tau. We found that prey personality and predator species significantly interacted to affect mortality with blue crabs primarily consuming bold mud crabs and toadfish preferentially selecting shy crabs. Additionally, the strength of the predator avoidance behaviour depended upon the predation risk from the predator species. Consequently, the personality composition of populations and predator hunting mode may be valuable predictors of both direct and indirect predator–prey interaction strength. These findings support theories postulating mechanisms for maintaining intraspecies diversity and have broad implications for community dynamics.
Kinematic Alterations in the Ipsilateral Shoulder of Patients with Hemiplegia Due to Stroke

Meskers CGM, Koppe PA, Konijnenbelt H, Veeger HEJ, Janssen TWJ: Kinematic alterations in the ipsilateral shoulder of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2005;84:97–105. Objective:To evaluate the assumption that shoulder kinematic patterns of the ipsilateral, nonparetic shoulder in hemiplegia are similar to kinematics recorded in a healthy population. Design:Case control study of a convenience sample of ten patients with hemiplegia due to stroke in the subacute phase compared with a control group of similar age. Three-dimensional positions of the scapula and humerus were measured and expressed in Euler angles as a function of active arm elevation in the frontal and sagittal plane and during passive humeral internal/external rotation at an elevation angle of 90 degrees in the frontal and sagittal plane. Results:Compared with controls, in the ipsilateral shoulder of patients, we found both a statistically significant diminished scapular protraction during elevation in the sagittal plane (35 ± 5 vs. 51 ± 8 degrees at 110 degrees of humeral elevation) and humeral external rotation during arm elevation in the frontal plane (51 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 14 degrees at 110 degrees of humeral elevation). Maximal passive humeral external rotation was found to be impaired in the frontal (64 ± 13 vs. 98 ± 14 degrees) and sagittal planes (65 ± 11 vs. 94 ± 12 degrees). In addition, there was significantly diminished anterior spinal tilt during humeral internal rotation (−5 ± 10 vs. −20 ± 9 degrees) and diminished posterior spinal tilt during external rotation in the frontal plane (−14 ± 8 vs. −3 ± 6 degrees). Maximal thoracohumeral elevation in patients was significantly impaired (126 ± 12 vs. 138 ± 8 degrees). Conclusion:Clear kinematic changes in the ipsilateral shoulder in patients with hemiplegia were found, indicating underlying alterations in muscle contraction patterns. The cause remains speculative. These results suggest that the ipsilateral shoulder should not be considered to function normally beforehand.
CD44 Antibodies and Immune Thrombocytopenia in the Amelioration of Murine Inflammatory Arthritis

Antibodies to CD44 have been used to successfully ameliorate murine models of autoimmune disease. The most often studied disease model has been murine inflammatory arthritis, where a clear mechanism for the efficacy of CD44 antibodies has not been established. We have recently shown in a murine passive-model of the autoimmune disease immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) that some CD44 antibodies themselves can induce thrombocytopenia in mice, and the CD44 antibody causing the most severe thrombocytopenia (IM7), also is known to be highly effective in ameliorating murine models of arthritis. Recent work in the K/BxN serum-induced model of arthritis demonstrated that antibody-induced thrombocytopenia reduced arthritis, causing us to question whether CD44 antibodies might primarily ameliorate arthritis through their thrombocytopenic effect. We evaluated IM7, IRAWB14.4, 5035-41.1D, KM201, KM114, and KM81, and found that while all could induce thrombocytopenia, the degree of protection against serum-induced arthritis was not closely related to the length or severity of the thrombocytopenia. CD44 antibody treatment was also able to reverse established inflammation, while thrombocytopenia induced by an anti-platelet antibody targeting the GPIIbIIIa platelet antigen, could not mediate this effect. While CD44 antibody-induced thrombocytopenia may contribute to some of its therapeutic effect against the initiation of arthritis, for established disease there are likely other mechanisms contributing to its efficacy. Humans are not known to express CD44 on platelets, and are therefore unlikely to develop thrombocytopenia after CD44 antibody treatment. An understanding of the relationship between arthritis, thrombocytopenia, and CD44 antibody treatment remains critical for continued development of CD44 antibody therapeutics.
The CD3-γδε and CD3-ζ/η Modules Are Each Essential for Allelic Exclusion at the T Cell Receptor β Locus but Are Both Dispensable for the Initiation of  V to (D)J Recombination at the T Cell Receptor–β, –γ, and –δ Loci

The pre–T cell receptor (TCR) associates with CD3-transducing subunits and triggers the selective expansion and maturation of T cell precursors expressing a TCR-β chain. Recent experiments in pre-Tα chain-deficient mice have suggested that the pre-TCR may not be required for signaling allelic exclusion at the TCR-β locus. Using CD3-ε– and CD3-ζ/η–deficient mice harboring a productively rearranged TCR-β transgene, we showed that the CD3-γδε and CD3-ζ/η modules, and by inference the pre-TCR/CD3 complex, are each essential for the establishment of allelic exclusion at the endogenous TCR-β locus. Furthermore, using mutant mice lacking both the CD3-ε and CD3-ζ/η genes, we established that the CD3 gene products are dispensable for the onset of V to (D)J recombination (V, variable; D, diversity; J, joining) at the TCR-β, TCR-γ, and TCR-δ loci. Thus, the CD3 components are differentially involved in the sequential events that make the TCR-β locus first accessible to, and later insulated from, the action of the V(D)J recombinase.