Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Masked cross-modal morphological priming: Unravelling morpho-orthographic and morpho-semantic influences in early word recognition

Two experiments examined priming from semantically transparent and opaque suffix-derivations (including pseudo-derived words such as corner), using the masked cross-modal priming technique. Experiment 1 showed that in a Dutch lexical decision task, latencies to root targets were facilitated when visually presented primes were transparent derivations of the target, regardless of whether targets were presented visually or auditorily. Pseudo-derivations only provided weak evidence for priming and only when targets were presented visually. In Experiment 2 we tested transparent and opaque priming more thoroughly in a French lexical decision task by using the incremental priming technique in combination with a psychophysical approach. The results showed that opaque as well as transparent derivations facilitated the visual and auditory processing of their (pseudo-) root. However, transparent priming occurred earlier than opaque priming in the visual modality. Moreover, when facilitation from opaque derivations appeared in the visual modality, transparent derivations produced a larger facilitation effect. We argue that our findings illustrate the existence of two distinct processing systems underlying early morphological processing: a morpho-orthographic system and a morpho-semantic system.
Estrogen-Induced Gonadal Sex Reversal in the Tammar Wallaby1

Abstract Estrogens have a feminizing effect on gonadal differentiation in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. However, the role of estrogen during gonadal differentiation in mammals is less clear. We investigated the effect of estrogen on gonadal differentiation of male tammar wallabies. Male pouch young were treated orally with estradiol benzoate or oil from the day of birth, before seminiferous cords develop, to Day 25 postpartum and were killed at Day 50 postpartum. In all estrogen-treated neonates, a decrease in gonadal volume, volume of the seminiferous cords, thickness of the tunica albuginea, and number of germ cells was found. The stage of treatment affected the magnitude of the response. Two of three male young born prematurely after 25 days of gestation and treated subsequently with estradiol had ovary-like gonads, with well-developed cortical and medullary regions and primordial follicle formation. Furthermore, at Day 50 postpartum, many (21%) of the germ cells in these sex-reversed ovaries were in the leptotene and zygotene stages of meiosis, similar to female germ cells at the same stage of development. In the other males born on Day 26 of gestation or later, estradiol treatment from the day of birth caused development of dysgenetic testes, with abnormal Sertoli cells, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and tunica albuginea, and absence of meiotic germ cells. In this marsupial, therefore, estradiol can induce either partial or complete transformation of the male gonads into an ovary with meiotic germ cells. These results confirm that estrogen can inhibit early testicular development, and that testis determination occurs during a narrow window of time.
Destination Perceptions Across a Vacation

This study investigated change in destination perception during the course of a vacation using in situ research techniques. Cognitive perceptions were represented by destination knowledge and affective perceptions by destination desirability. Prior experience and length of stay in the destination were examined as moderating the level of change between destination perception measures at the onset of a vacation and again upon leaving the destination. ANOVA models showed that experience was a significant main effect on increasing destination knowledge. Desirability perceptions of the destination changed only slightly, and experience or length of stay did not explain any of the change. Findings suggest desirability is generally strong before a trip begins and is hard to affect during a trip particularly when tourists are satisfied with the destination, whereas knowledge levels improve during the course of a trip.
Using rewards and sanctions in the classroom: pupils’ perceptions of their own responses to current behaviour management strategies

The use of systems of rewards and sanctions within behaviour policies has now been adopted formally in UK schools. Such systems potentially represent competing theoretical ideas when considered alongside current approaches to teaching and learning. There is also opportunity for inconsistent use of rewards and sanctions resulting from the absence of a distinction between incentives and punishments and again between pupils’ task-based work and their social behaviour. This case study comprises one of three questionnaire surveys completed by UK secondary school pupils in Year 7 and Year 11. The findings show a complex range of pupil responses to different behaviour management strategies, as well as highlighting changes in pupil responses across the age groups. Some sanctions for classroom behaviour are also found to lead pupils to stay quiet, potentially affecting their ability to engage in all learning activities. Sanctions such as asking pupils to miss break, or giving detentions, are seen to be counter-productive in encouraging pupils to work hard in class. Some rewards, such as the giving of “stamps” work well in relation to how much pupils like the teacher, but they are not found to promote hard work in older pupils. The incentive of the school reward trip is universally effective, as is contact with home. These findings offer insight into the ways in which pupils respond to rewards and sanctions and therefore contribute to our understanding of how such systems might best be used.
Youth Inside or Outside the Parental Home

This article presents some trends in the leaving home process of young adults between 1950 and 1990 and the trend shift that took place in the second half of the 1970s. Using a theoretical scheme, the authors discuss the possible relationship of material and nonmaterial resources in the family and outside the family with young adults' decision of leaving or staying home. Related to family-bound material resources, the authors discuss variables such as parental money, parental services, and the economic job status of the father. Nonmaterial family resources are the parent-child relationship, norms and values, and educational level. Both material and nonmaterial variables do not explain the trend shift in the leaving home process. In general, the authors conclude that the material and nonmaterial variables outside the family offer promising explanations for the trend shift in the average age at which young adults leave home for the first time.
How do plant virus nucleic acids move through intercellular connections?

In addition to their function in transport of water, ions, small metabolites, and growth factors in normal plant tissue, the plasmodesmata presumably serve as routes for cell‐to‐cell movement of plant viruses in infected tissue. Virus cell‐to‐cell spread through plasmodesmata is an active process mediated by specialized virus encoded movement proteins; however, the mechanism by which these proteins operate is not clear. We incorporate recent information on the biochemical properties of plant virus movement proteins and their interaction with plasmodesmata in a model for transport of nucleic acids through plasmodesmatal channels. We propose that only single stranded (ss) nucleic acids can be transported efficiently through plasmodesmata, and that movement proteins function as molecular chaperones for ss nucleic acids to form unfolded movement protein‐ss nucleic acid complexes. These complexes are targeted to plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmatal permeability is then increased following interaction with movement protein and the entire movement complex or its nucleic acid component is translocated across the plasmodesmatal channel.
Distributed System as Internet of Things for a New Low-Cost, Air Pollution Wireless Monitoring on Real Time

We have developed a low-cost wireless monitoring system, that enables air quality referential parameters measurements based on a multilayer distributed model with an Arduino platform. This is an Internet of Things application, of which a physical object is embedded with electronics, software, sensors and wireless connectivity to allow monitoring air pollution on real-time. Agile methodologies such as Scrum and Extreme Programming were used in order to ensure software quality. The electronic device is equipped with three sensors, which determines carbon monoxide (CO) as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and powder density, using an API developed in C++ language. The validation of the mentioned concept has been realized in a variety of sites in Ecuador, namely in the cities of Quito, Amaguaña and Tena. The obtained results of air pollutants concentration are compared and conformable with the referential values established by international environment organizations like World Health Organization (WHO) and US EPA.
Platform Desertion by App Developers

Abstract Platform desertion, or a developer’s stopping the development of an app for a platform, is a widespread phenomenon to the detriment of platforms. However, the extant literature focuses primarily on why app developers join—not leave—a platform. This app-level study develops two ideas: (a) coordination costs borne by an app’s developer are associated with platform desertion, and (b) these costs are, in turn, shaped by a nuanced interplay between app decision rights and app “microarchitecture” introduced here. We use survey and snapshot archival data spanning 2009–2014 on over 300 apps in the Mozilla Firefox ecosystem to test these ideas. Our novel contribution shows how, by influencing coordination costs, the previously invisible interplay between app decision rights and app microarchitecture shapes an app’s platform desertion. We find that delegating app decision rights to its developer weakens the coordination cost-reducing benefits of decoupling an app from the platform but strengthens those of standardizing its interfaces to the platform. The key theoretical implication is that app decision rights and app microarchitecture symbiotically influence the coordination costs borne by an app’s developer. The key practical implication for platform designers is that the choices about who ought to make what decisions are intertwined with the architecture of the governed information technology artifact.
Examination of the Subjective Well‐Being of Australian Internet Child Exploitation Investigators

Objective Internet child exploitation investigation is an area of policing associated with high levels of work stress, potentially contributing to the development of mental and other health‐related problems. This study extends prior research suggesting that child abuse investigation officers have normal levels of life satisfaction using a well‐validated and more robust measure of subjective well‐being. Method The Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) was self‐completed by a representative sub‐sample of Australian police officers (N = 139) who work in a confronting and challenging area of child abuse investigation (Internet child exploitation). Their data were compared to a comparative sample of 102 non‐Internet child exploitation police officers and participants of the first 28 surveys of the Australian Unity Wellbeing Index (N = 55,697). Results Consistent with previous research, mean subjective well‐being for Internet child exploitation officers was above the Australian adult normative range and comparable to the control group of non‐child abuse police investigators. Analysis of domain‐based satisfaction judgments comprising the PWI revealed that satisfaction with “Relationships” and “Achieving in Life” contributed more variance to the prediction of life satisfaction than in the comparative mainstream Australian sample. Conclusion Australian police officers who work in Internet child exploitation investigation have a higher‐than‐normal level of subjective well‐being. These results attest to the resilience of these investigators in their ability to withstand the confronting nature of their work and handling potentially significant sources of negative workplace stress. The results also highlight the importance role that organisational and informal social support plays in facilitating this resilience.
Preliminary Results of Aggression Management Training for Aggressive Parents

Four factors associated with parenting have been proposed as being key in the development of the physical abuse of children: (a) physiological arousal in the face of child-related stress, (b) poor communication and parenting strategies, (c) problems in empathic responding, and (d) ascribing negative intentionality to negative behavior. A number of studies have reported on efforts at treating physically aggressive parents with anger management training and with behavior management skills. The current study took a step beyond reporting treatment outcome from a single-case design to studying the impact of a group treatment approach. Twenty-nine aggressive parents were treated with a standardized group treatment over the course of 13 weeks. The treatment focused on anger management, communication skills, problem-solving skills, and the enhancement of empathy. Results indicated that parents, after treatment, reported improvements in their relationships with their children along with less anger. Generally, parents' scores on evaluation questionnaires moved from the clinical range to the normal range posttreatment. This suggests that this type of approach may be useful in reducing aggressive interactions between parent and child.
How Effective Are Family Literacy Programs?

This meta-analysis examines the effects of family literacy programs on children’s literacy development. It analyzes the results of 30 recent effect studies (1990–2010), covering 47 samples, and distinguishes between effects in two domains: comprehension-related skills and code-related skills. A small but significant mean effect emerged (d = 0.18). There was only a minor difference between comprehension- and code-related effect measures (d = 0.22 vs. d = 0.17). Moderator analyses revealed no statistically significant effects of the program, sample, and study characteristics inferred from the reviewed publications. The results highlight the need for further research into how programs are carried out by parents and children, how program activities are incorporated into existing family literacy practices, and how program contents are transferred to parents.
On optimal optical properties for near-field radiative heat transfer maximization between two semi-infinite planes at room temperature

A parametric study of Drude and Lorentz models performances in maximizing near-eld radiative heat transfer between two semi-innite planes separated by nanometric distances at room temperature is presented in this paper. Optimal parameters of these models that provide optical properties maximizing the radiative heat ux are reported and compared to real materials usually considered in similar studies, silicon carbide and heavily doped silicon in this case. Results are obtained by exact and approximate (in the extreme near-eld regime and the electrostatic limit hypothesis) calculations. The two methods are compared in terms of accuracy and CPU resources consumption. Finally, the frequently assumed hypothesis which states a maximal transfer when the two semi-innite planes are of identical materials is numerically conrmed. Its subsequent practical constraints are then discussed.
Do Minority Representative Reading Passages Provide Factorially Invariant Scores for All Students?

This study investigated the factorial invariance across students from different ethnic groups of a 7th-grade state reading assessment with a narrative passage selected for its Hispanic representativeness. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the fit of 1-, 2-, and 3-factor models to each of the 5 ethnic groups. After a modified 2-factor model was identified as the best fitting, several levels of constraint were investigated. Invariance across all groups was supported for factor loadings and intercepts. However, invariance of the error variances across the groups was not supported. Although the results support the factorial invariance of the scores based on a minority representative reading passage, further research into group differences for the error variances is needed.
Elevated neprilysin activity in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world. Hyperglycemia induces retinal hypoxia, which upregulates a range of vasoactive factors that may lead to macular edema and/or angiogenesis, and hence potentially to sight-threatening retinopathy. The control of signal-peptide activity by cell-surface proteases is one of the main factors regulating the development and behavior of organisms. In mammals, neprilysin is known to play a key role in these processes, and its inactivation can initiate cellular disorganization. Neprilysin is a rate-limiting peptidase involved in the physiological degradation of amyloid beta (Abeta) in the brain. In this study, we measured both the enzymatic activity of neprilysin and the concentration of Abeta in patients with proliferative DR (as compared to their levels in patients with macular hole), and we analyzed their association. METHODS In vitreous samples collected from patients who underwent vitrectomy, an HPLC-fluorometric system (recently established by us), and sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the enzymatic activity of neprilysin and the concentration of Abeta. RESULTS By comparison with the levels in the control (macular-hole) patients, there was a significant increase in neprilysin activity level and a significant decrease in Abeta level in proliferative DR patients. There was a significant inverse correlation between neprilysin and Abeta among all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Neprilysin activity and Abeta concentrations displayed converse changes in patients with proliferative DR.
Transformation through tension: The moderating impact of negative affect on transformational leadership in teams

Transformational leadership has consistently been argued to enhance diverse team outcomes, yet related research has generated ambiguous findings. We suggest that effectiveness is enhanced in interprofessional teams when transformational leaders engender dynamics that are characterized by interprofessional motivation and openness to diversity. Drawing on the mood-as-information perspective, we argue that negative affective tone moderates the impact of these mediators on team effectiveness. Further, we suggest that this moderating role is such that conditions of high negative affect enhance the mediating role of interprofessional motivation, while low negative affect strengthens the mediating role of openness to diversity. In order to investigate these divergent effects, the current study develops a model of leadership and interprofessional team effectiveness through two pathways reflecting the parallel mediating effects of interprofessional motivation and openness to diversity, and a moderating role for negative affect. Findings from a survey-based study of 75 healthcare teams support the utility of this model.
Familial cutaneous collagenoma: genetic studies on a family *

Familial cutaneous collagenoma is an inherited condition characterized by the presence of multiple dermal nodules symmetrically distributed on the trunk and upper arms. In this study, six patients, the proband, his four siblings and a niece, representing a kindred of fifty‐two subjects, were examined for aymptomatic cutaneous nodules mainly on the back and chest. The individual lesions varying from a few millimetres to several centimetres in size, were indurated, and showed minimal epidermal changes. Histologically, the nodules were characterized by an excessive accumulation of dense, coarse collagen fibres in the dermis. The elastic fibres appeared diminished in number, and in some areas they were abnormally thin and fragmented. The lesions, therefore, were connective tissue naevi of the collagen type. On the basis of the family history and histological observations the patients were diagnosed as having familial cutaneous collagenoma. Examination of the family pedigree indicated that the dermal nodules in familial cutaneous collagenoma were inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It was also observed that the lesions had an onset at the age of 15 to 19 years, and their number increased significantly during pregnancy. It is conceivable that familial cutaneous collagenoma is an inherited condition whose expression may be under a hormonal control.
GPCRsclass: a web tool for the classification of amine type of G-protein-coupled receptors

The receptors of amine subfamily are specifically major drug targets for therapy of nervous disorders and psychiatric diseases. The recognition of novel amine type of receptors and their cognate ligands is of paramount interest for pharmaceutical companies. In the past, Chou and co-workers have shown that different types of amine receptors are correlated with their amino acid composition and are predictable on its basis with considerable accuracy [Elrod and Chou (2002) Protein Eng., 15, 713–715]. This motivated us to develop a better method for the recognition of novel amine receptors and for their further classification. The method was developed on the basis of amino acid composition and dipeptide composition of proteins using support vector machine. The method was trained and tested on 167 proteins of amine subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The method discriminated amine subfamily of GPCRs from globular proteins with Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.98 and 0.99 using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition, respectively. In classifying different types of amine receptors using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition, the method achieved an accuracy of 89.8 and 96.4%, respectively. The performance of the method was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. The dipeptide composition based method predicted 67.6% of protein sequences with an accuracy of 100% with a reliability index ≥5. A web server GPCRsclass has been developed for predicting amine-binding receptors from its amino acid sequence [ and (mirror site)].
Education and Meaning: Philosophy in Practice

Part 1 The World education: rethinking linguistic analysis the geometry of "education". Part 2 Practice into theory? : education is a philosophical practice the different discourses of theory science? objectivity? Part 3 Education and coherence: is education possible? ordering values ordering cultural capital elementary maps. Part 4 Curriculum case studies: literacy and intellectual power upgrading technology a value clarification history and piety.
An Evaluation of Information Retrieval Accuracy with Simulated Ocr Output

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a critical part of many text-based applications. Although some commercial systems use the output from OCR devices to index documents without editing, there is very little quantitative data on the impact of OCR errors on the accuracy of a text retrieval system. Because of the diiculty of constructing test collections to obtain this data, we have carried out evaluations using simulated OCR output on a variety of databases. The results show that high quality OCR devices have little eeect on the accuracy of retrieval, but low quality devices used with databases of short documents can result in signiicant degradation.