Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CIRCUMSPECTUS MEDICINAE : TEXT AND CONTEXT The Role of Plastic Surgery at an Academic Medical Center in the United States

Background: Plastic surgery may have traditionally been labelled as a “less essential” service at many academic medical centers in the United States. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of the plastic surgery team as a valuable service at an academic medical center. Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective case review of a single plastic surgeon's case log at 2 academic medical institutions, each with an active plastic surgery training program. Plastic surgical procedures performed in combination with other services and surgical management of complications from nonplastic surgical procedures was evaluated. Plastic surgical procedures performed for all types of reconstruction as a primary service, including breast reconstruction were excluded. The role of the plastic surgery service was evaluated to identify the types of assistance provided, which primary services were involved and what the most common procedures performed were for each service. Results: The type of assistance provided by the plastic surgery service was divided into 2 common categories. The first type involved a concurrent or combined surgical case where the procedure required plastic surgery’s participation. The second group included management of complications that occurred on another service, which then required assistance by the plastic surgery team. A total of thirteen primary services were identified as benefitting from involvement with plastic surgery. The most commonly performed reconstructive procedures provided for each service were identified. Conclusions: The plastic surgery team provides invaluable support to other services in a tertiary teaching hospital. Its input allows for more complex surgical procedures to be performed safely and for complications of surgery to be managed successfully. Clearly, plastic surgery plays a critical role at academic medical centers in the United States.
Trade Integration and Business Cycle Convergence: Is the Relation Robust across Time and Space?

In this paper we investigate the relationship between trade intensity and the business cycle correlation using a panel data set taken from 24 countries over the period 1959–2003. Most previous studies did not account for the possibility that the business cycle correlation may be influenced by unobservable country‐pair specific effects. Our estimates, using both fixed‐ and random‐effects methodologies, suggest that trade intensity and the business cycle correlation are positively related to one another. However, detailed investigation shows that this relationship exists mainly for the European countries.
Disturbances in the FGFR1-5-HT1A Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Raphe-Hippocampal 5-HT System Develop in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression

The FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes are involved in neuroplasticity in the rat hippocampus and in the mesencephalic raphe 5-HT nerve cells. There exists a 5-HT1A protomer enhancement of FGFR1 protomer signaling. Acute and 10 day treatment with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) FGF-2 and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced enhanced antidepressant effects in the forced swim test (FST). We studied in the current work the disturbances in the FGFR1-5-HT1A heterocomplexes in a genetic rat model of depression, the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats of Sprague-Dawley (SD) origin, by means of neurochemical, neurophysiological and behavioral techniques. In control SD rats, the FGFR1 agonist SUN11602 and FGF2 produced a significant reduction of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK) currents induced by 8-OH-DPAT in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. In FSL rats, only i.c. v. 8-OH-DPAT alone treatment produced a significant reduction in the immobility time. The combined i.c. v. treatment (FGF2 + 8-OH-DPAT) in FSL rats did not cause a significant decrease in immobility time in the FST. However, in the SD rats this combined treatment produced a significant reduction. Furthermore, in the FSL rat a significant increase in the density of FGFR1-5-HT1A proximity ligation assay (PLA) positive clusters was only found after i.c. v. 8-OH-DPAT treatment alone in the CA2 and CA3 areas. In the SD rat a significant increase in the density of specific PLA clusters was only observed in the CA2 area of the i.c. v. combined treatment (FGF2 + 8-OH-DPAT) group. No treatment led to significant changes in the PLA clusters of the dorsal raphe in the FSL rat. However, significant changes in the density of specific PLA clusters were only found in the dorsal raphe of SD rats after combined treatment and treatment with 8-OH-DPAT alone. The results indicate that in FSL rats compared with SD rats alterations may develop in the ability of 8-OH-DPAT and combined FGFR1 and 5-HT1A agonist treatment to increase the density of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes of the dorsal raphe. It is proposed that such deficits in FSL rats may possibly reflect a failure of the combined agonist treatment to uncouple the 5-HT1A autoreceptors from the GIRK channels. This may contribute to the failure of producing antidepressant-like effects in the FSL rat by combined agonist treatment as seen in the SD rat. The antidepressant-like effects seen with the 5-HT1A agonist alone treatment in FSL but not in SD rats may instead involve significant increases in the FGFR1-5-HT1A complexes of the CA2 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.
RASYONEL KARAR ALAN EKONOMİK BİRİMİN RİSK ALTINDA VERDİĞİ KARARLARA DAVRANIŞSAL YAKLAŞIM: KAHNEMAN-TVERSKY BEKLENTİ TEORİSİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ELEŞTİREL BİR BAKIŞ

Ozet Ekonomi literaturunde neo-klasik doneme kadar ekonomi ve psikoloji bilimleri arasindaki bag goz ardi edilerek, insanin salt rasyonel kararlar alan bir varlik oldugu ifade edilmistir. Ancak son otuz yillik donemde insanlarin, ekonomik kararlar alirken psikolojiye iliskin cesitli faktorlerden de etkilendigini savunan “Davranissal Yaklasim”, farkli bir bakis ortaya koymustur. Bu yaklasimin onculeri, D. Kahneman ve A. Tversky belirsizlik ortaminda karar alan bireylerin davranislarini incelemis ve insanlarin, riskten kacinma egilimlerinin kazanma isteklerine galip geldigini ve her zaman rasyonel davranislar sergileyemediklerini ileri surmuslerdir. Yapmis olduklari bircok deneysel calisma ile kayiplarin verdigi acinin, kazanclarin verdigi tatminden iki kat daha fazla oldugunu tespit etmislerdir. Bu makalede insan psikolojisinin ekonomik tercihlere etkilerine deginilmis ve ozellikle risk altinda karar verme konusunda bireyin irrasyonel davranislar gosterdigi cesitli ornekler isiginda aciklanmaya calisilmistir. Abstract Ignoring the connection between the economics and psychological sciences until the neo-classical term in economics literature, it has been stated that human is a creature taking only rational decisions. However, in the last thirty years, a different approach named “Behavioural Approach” that argues that people are influenced also by various factors related with psychology while taking decisions with economy has occured. The pioneers of this approach, D. Kahneman and A. Tversky examined the behaviours of the individuals who make decision in an uncertainty environment and put forward that people’s tendency of avoiding risks defeats their willing to win and that they cannot always behave rationally. With many experimental studies they carried out, they determined that the sadness caused by the losses are two times more than the satisfaction given by the gains. In this respect, the effects of human psychology on economic preferences have been handled and in particular the fact that an individual displays irrational behaviours while he is deciding under risk have been tried to be explained in the light of different examples.
Identifying Attributes of Relationship Management in Nonprofit Policy Advocacy

Relationship management has been identified as an important activity for policy advocacy, but little is known about the strategies that human service administrators use to develop and maintain relationships with policymakers. This exploratory study aimed at identifying attributes of relationship management strategies that are associated with policy advocacy outcomes. Data were gathered from a sample of 333 nonprofit human service providers in Florida. Controlling for organizational size, the findings indicated that several established dimensions of relationship management were associated with policy advocacy success: networking, sharing of tasks, and assurances. Post hoc analyses found that the relationship between policy advocacy success and the domains of access and openness were respectively mediated by networking and sharing of tasks. Implications for nonprofit administrators and researchers are discussed.
Te Wairua Auaha: emancipatory Māori entrepreneurship in screen production

1 Preface 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 13 Chapter 2: Literature Review 18 Introduction 18 Kaupapa Māori 22 Māoritanga 30 Insider Research 36 Identity 40 Careers 46 Entrepreneurship 49 Social & Indigenous Entrepreneurship 52 Emancipatory Entrepreneurship 54 Summary 55 Māori & Screen Production 56 Conclusion 67 Chapter 3: Research Design 7
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype F Reverse Transcriptase Sequence and Drug Susceptibility

ABSTRACT We sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed the reverse transcriptase (RT) regions of the pol genes of 14 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from Romanian patients, which were classified as subtype F on the basis ofenv gene structure. The RT sequences showed that the strains clustered phylogenetically and were equidistant from other HIV-1 subtypes as shown by the neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood methods, allowing us to define HIV-1 subtype F according to thepol classification. The subtype F RT sequences differed from reported group M RT sequences by 10.94% (for nucleotides) and 7.6% (for amino acids). Phenotypic analysis of subtype F susceptibility to three classes of antiretroviral compounds showed an increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration of the tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2-(1H)-one and -thione (TIBO) derivate R82913 for one strain which was naturally resistant to this compound. This first report of subtype Fpol sequences confirms the perfect correlation between the phylogenetic positions determined by env andpol analyses and suggests that virus variability might influence the efficacy of antiretroviral treatments. This finding warrants a global evaluation of the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of HIV-1 subtypes to antiretroviral drugs.
Size-dependent ultrafast structural dynamics inside phospholipid vesicle bilayers measured with 2D IR vibrational echoes

Significance Plasma membranes hold a wide variety of proteins and other biomolecules that are essential to cell functions. In addition, membranes are the solvent bath, which is intimately coupled to transmembrane processes. Membranes are frequently modeled using planar phospholipid bilayers and vesicles. However, vesicles are small and have relatively small radii of curvature. Research has shown that the bilayer curvature influences structural and thermodynamic properties, but much less is known about the interior dynamics of model membranes. Here we address ultrafast structural dynamics inside vesicle and planar bilayers using 2D IR vibrational echo experiments. The results show that the interior dynamics depend on the phospholipid chain length and are curvature dependent, with the dynamics becoming faster as the vesicle size decreases. The ultrafast structural dynamics inside the bilayers of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles with 70, 90, and 125 nm diameters were directly measured with 2D IR vibrational echo spectroscopy. The antisymmetric CO stretch of tungsten hexacarbonyl was used as a vibrational probe and provided information on spectral diffusion (structural dynamics) in the alkyl region of the bilayers. Although the CO stretch absorption spectra remain the same, the interior structural dynamics become faster as the size of the vesicles decrease, with the size dependence greater for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine than for DLPC. As DLPC vesicles become larger, the interior dynamics approach those of the planar bilayer.
Updating the estimation of the supply of storage

An updated supply of storage is estimated to reflect recent developments in the literature. This study adds a measure of price variability, specifically implied volatility. It also adds a measure of the call‐option value to sell stocks before the end of the storage period, specifically a measure developed by Heaney (2002). The model is estimated for U.S. soybean stocks carried between crop years. A quadratic relationship is found between stocks to use ratio and implied volatility. A statistically significant, inverse, linear relationship is found between the storage‐cost–adjusted spread and the estimated call‐option value. This finding is consistent with the much debated idea that convenience yield is a return to storage that can offset losses from storage when intertemporal price spreads are negative. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:657–676, 2006
EXPLAINING THE MARKET POWER OF GHANAIAN BANKS

A competitive banking system helps lower transaction costs and risks. It also helps make financial markets more efficient. In Ghana however, observers believe that the banking industry is not competitive and point to the huge spread between bank lending and borrowing rates as evidence. The Ghanaian banking industry is analysed for evidence of market power by computing the Lerner Index of banks using quarterly data from 2001 to 2006. The evidence is that Ghanaian banks possess market power. Factors that significantly explain the market power of Ghanaian banks are: bank size, efficiency of banks with respect to staff costs, the macroeconomic environment and time. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2008 Economic Society of South Africa.
Longitudinal sero‐reactivity to human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) in the Swiss HIV Cohort 4.7 years before KS

The relationship between viral infection with Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and the onset of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients is incompletely understood. This study investigates the use of three serological assays to predict the development of KS in HIV‐positive patients. Serially collected serum samples from 36 patients with KS and matched controls in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) were analyzed in a case control study. Three serologic assays to detect antibodies against KSHV (nuclear and membrane antigen immunofluorescence assay, N‐IFA, M‐IFA and ORF 65.2 ELISA) were used to determine the predictive value of KSHV‐seropositivity. Serial samples from the cases were also analyzed to determine longitudinal patterns of seroreactivity and identify cases of seroconversion. Assay sensitivity for detection of KSHV antibodies was highest for M‐IFA (83%), followed by N‐IFA (74%) and 65.2 ELISA (52%). At the time of initial serum sampling (median 4.7 years before KS), only the N‐IFA distinguished case and control sera (61% vs. 32%) and no assay was clearly predictive of subsequent onset of clinical KS. Moreover, an unexpectedly high rate of reversions to seronegativity were observed by N‐IFA (27/33) as well as by 65.2 ELISA (11/26) in the longitudinal analysis. Analysis of the ORF65.2 ELISA index indicated that these reversions before the clinical onset of KS were associated with antibody levels that frequently hovered around the level of detectability. A marked increase in ORF 65.2 antibody titer occurred in a third of the patients at the time of KS diagnosis. Only two seroconversions were documented. KSHV infection within the SHCS is likely to have preceded HIV infection. KSHV infection alone is not highly predictive of KS development in this cohort of HIV‐infected homosexual men as compared with matched controls. Three KSHV serologic assays, though sensitive at the time of clinical KS are inconsistently positive before the development of AIDS‐related KS. J. Med. Virol. 64:157–166, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An examination of corporate social responsibility and financial performance

Purpose – The increasing demand of stakeholders' interests in social performance has put pressure on corporations to undertake social responsibility reporting in their operations in order to satisfy the demands and to gain public support. Some organisations have already responded, either by publishing a separate report regarding their social activities, or by providing such information in their annual report or on their web site. However, in some developing countries such as Indonesia, there is little or no regulation and with no expectation to follow international standards, corporations in these countries tend not to provide corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. As there is a lack of regulatory controls in reporting CSR activities in most developing countries, the question of what the “carrot” is for the corporations is the crux of this research. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Indonesian corporations are aware of CSR.Design/methodology/approach – This research aims to inves.
The umbilical coiling index in normal pregnancy

Objective: To provide reference values for the umbilical coiling index in uncomplicated pregnancy. Methods: Umbilical cords were collected from liveborn singleton infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies. The umbilical coiling index (UCI) was calculated as the number of coils divided by the cord length in centimeters. The mean value (SD) for the UCI was calculated, and possible correlations of the UCI with maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, sex and birth weight of the infant were examined. Results: A total of 122 umbilical cords were included. The frequency distribution of the UCI was skewed to the right. The mean (SD) UCI was 0.17 (0.009) coils/cm. There were no significant correlations of the UCI with maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, sex or birth weight of the infant. Conclusions: This is the first study to determine the UCI in a group exclusively consisting of uncomplicated pregnancies. The mean value that we found for the UCI may serve as the standard reference, allowing proper interpretation of umbilical coiling in complicated pregnancy.
Differential immunophenotypic analysis of dendritic cell tumours

Aims The phenotypic and biological characteristics of dendritic cell (DC) tumours have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the immunophenotypic characteristics of DC-related markers and cell-cycle-associated markers among DC tumours and finally to utilise them for differential diagnosis of DC tumours. Methods Tissue sections from 28 patients with DC tumours were immunohistochemically examined using DC-related and cell-cycle-associated markers. Results The Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) samples were positive for S-100 protein, CD1a, Langerin, fascin, DEC-205 and DC-SIGN. Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) was positive for S-100 protein and fascin and negative for Langerin. In addition, two IDCS samples were positive for CD1a, DEC-205 and DC-SIGN. The labelling indices of Ki-67, cyclin A, cyclin B1 and acetylated histone H3 on the LCS and IDCS specimens were significantly higher than those on the LCH specimens. The expression of p53 was also significantly higher in the LCS specimens than in the LCH specimens. The numbers of infiltrating CD123+ and FOXP3+ cells were also significantly higher in the LCS samples than in the LCH and IDCS samples. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma was distinguished from other DC tumours by the lack of DC-SIGN, Langerin and DCE-205. Conclusions These results suggest that Langerin can be used to distinguish LCS from IDCS, and DC-SIGN and DEC-205 can be used to identify DC tumour cells. The frequency of cell-cycle-associated markers can be used for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign DC tumours.
Suicide in India.

SOURCES OF DATA The current report reviews the data from the series Accidental Death and Suicide in India published by India's National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reporting official suicide rates based on police reports over the period of 10 years from 2004 to 2013. A reference to wider literature is made to present a comprehensive picture. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Suicide in India is more prevalent in young, is likely to involve hanging and ingestion of pesticides and is related to social and economic causes. Reducing alcohol consumption, unemployment, poverty, social inequities, domestic violence and improving social justice are essential to reduce suicide in India. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY NCRB data might underreport suicide. Discrepancy in farmers' suicide rate between reports suggests that this might be overrepresented in NCRB data. GROWING POINTS An integrated suicide prevention programme with a multidimensional approach is needed. Mental health care bill and the recent launch of first national mental health policy are welcome measures. Decriminalization of suicide is likely to positively influence mental health practice and policy in India. AREA TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Nationally representative studies investigating fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviours, evaluation of models of service delivery for the vulnerable population, investigating suicide following different treatment services and effects of decriminalization of suicide on suicide rates should be the focus of future research.
The European Commission's 2006 Guidelines on Antitrust Fines: A Legal and Economic Analysis

On 1 September 2006, the European Commission published new Guidelines on the method it will use when setting fines for undertakings that have infringed the competition rules laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. This article discusses the questions what the purpose of the guidelines is, and how foreseeable the amount of fines should be, and analyses the method set out in the new Guidelines in the light of the Commission’s past practice, the case-law of the Community Courts and the theory on optimal fines.