Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of an environmental studies course on the defensibility of environmental attitudes

Two different study sites (University of Maryland at College Park and State University College at Buffalo) were examined to see if the completion of an environmental studies course affected the defensibility of environmental attitudes. The general trend was toward a more defensible attitude (one with more informational supports). These observations support a hypothetical connection between the cognitive and affective domain and suggest that after being exposed to environment content, student attitudes should be examined for stronger attitudinal supports rather than large changes in attitudes.
Workplace bullying partially mediates the climate‐health relationship

Purpose – The paper seeks to validate a structural model wherein workplace bullying is depicted as related to health by way of mediating the relationship between organizational climate with health.Design/methodology/approach – Over 700 Japanese employees completed a shorter version of the Majer D'Amato organizational questionnaire 10, the Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised and the Center for Epidemiologic Study for Depression. Lifestyle variables (alcohol consumption and sleeping hours) were also collected from participants. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis.Findings – A model of bullying at work was developed which incorporated relationships among organizational and health factors. Workplace bullying partially mediated the climate‐health relationship.Originality/value – The model developed within this paper integrates prior theoretical work on workplace bullying and helps researchers and organizations understand the process through organizational risk factors that might have .
On the convergence and singularities of the J‐Flow with applications to the Mabuchi energy

The J‐flow of S. K. Donaldson and X. X. Chen is a parabolic flow on Kähler manifolds with two Kähler metrics. It is the gradient flow of the J‐functional that appears in Chen's formula for the Mabuchi energy. We find a positivity condition in terms of the two metrics that is both necessary and sufficient for the convergence of the J‐flow to a critical metric. We use this result to show that on manifolds with ample canonical bundle, the Mabuchi energy is proper on all Kähler classes in an open neighborhood of the canonical class defined by a positivity condition. This improves previous results of Chen and of the second author. We discuss the implications of this for the problem of the existence of constant‐scalar‐curvature Kähler metrics.
The Creation of Trust Through Interaction and Exchange

Scholars generally agree that highly effective organizations require the cultivation of personal relationships that are high in trust. However, although most conceptualizations of relational trust stress the roles of intention and choice, few explain how these are socially constructed in discrete interactions. To this end, the authors introduce the concept of consideration. Consideration entails a mode of interaction in which (a) a resource is bestowed to a recipient, (b) under a context of choice, (c) involving little sacrifice on the part of the giver, and (d) implying that the recipient’s situation is present in the giver’s thoughts and feelings. Consideration was observed to be central to trust formation and maintenance in a large defense company. Collegial relationships high in trust are characterized by the consistent application of consideration where there are perceived opportunities. These findings have useful implications for management, network theory, social capital, economic sociology, and friendship in the workplace.
Anticipatory and Post-Event Rumination in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a psychological disorder characterised by an excessive and persistent fear of social or performance situations, which interferes with daily functioning. Cognitive models of SAD (Clark & Wells, 1995; Hofmann, 2007; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) emphasise the importance of negative pre- and post-event rumination as a maintaining factor in the cycle of SAD. While the link between negative rumination and SAD is well supported by empirical research, little is understood about this cognitively important process; thus, research investigating the predictors of negative rumination in SAD is important to consider. Within the current literature, performance appraisal appears to be the most likely unique cognitive predictor of post-event rumination. There is limited research into cognitive predictors of pre-event rumination. Treatments targeting this maintaining factor are important to consider. Suggestions for future research examining the cognitive models of SAD by experimentally manipulating perceived social standards in order to examine the impact of high and low perceived social standard on appraisal processes (i.e., threat appraisal and performance appraisal), state social anxiety, and negative pre-event and post-event rumination, are proposed. Implications for theoretical models and efficacious treatments for SAD are discussed.
Putting appraisal in context: Toward a relational model of appraisal and emotion

According to appraisal theory, emotions result from an individual's meaning analysis of the implications of his/her circumstances for personal well-being, and individual differences in emotion arise when individuals appraise similar situations differently. Relational models of appraisal attempt to describe the situational and dispositional antecedents of appraisals, and should allow one to predict such individual differences. In this article, we review three examples of our efforts toward developing relational appraisal models. In two, we start with a particular appraisal component, motivational relevance and problem-focused coping potential (Smith & Lazarus, 1990), respectively, and describe and test the relational model proposed for that component. In the third, as a precursor to developing a true relational model, we examine another appraisal component, emotion-focused coping potential, from a more dispositional perspective. We conclude by considering both the potential value of relational appraisal models, and future directions in the development of these models.
Medical students' failure experiences and their related factors.

PURPOSE A considerable number of medical students drop out due to low academic achievement, and these students have a high probability of repeated failure experiences. This study investigated the personal and academic problems of these students to help develop student support systems. METHODS First-year (n=146) and second-year (n=119) medical students were asked to complete questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of personality traits and the students' management of/satisfaction with school life. RESULTS Students who had already dropped out accounted for 17.4% of the study subjects. The most common reason for dropping out was low academic achievement, and the most difficult part of taking a leave of absence from school was psychological anxiety. The group who dropped out had significantly lower levels of emotional stability, sociability, responsibility, dominance, masculinity, and superiority and more vulnerable mental states compared with those who did not drop out. They also expressed less motivation with regard to medical science and less satisfaction with school life than did the group that did not drop out. Those who dropped out tended not to prepare for exams, and they managed their time ineffectively. They also tried to resolve their difficulties alone and rarely sought help from teachers. CONCLUSION More intimate student-teacher relationships should be established, and teachers should be encouraged to meet and interact with their students on a regular basis. Additionally, personality inventories should be used to assist in efforts to understand students, especially to identify hidden social and emotional problems.
Doing Feminist Educational Theory: A post-modernist perspective

This paper arises from my work as a teacher of courses in feminist educational theory in a New Zealand university. Students usually encounter educational theories as disembodied abstractions scattered in fragments in various, often seemingly unrelated, courses. In a crowded curriculum there is little space for them to create their own educational theories or to reflect on the processes of educational theorising. In this paper I speak with two voices as a means of modelling - for students and teachers of feminist courses - a process of doing educational theory. It is written in two columns. In the left-hand column I speak with an academic voice. I begin by reviewing some theoretical writings of post-modernist theorists who have drawn attention to the ways our educational and social theories are generated by our circumstances - biographical, historical, cultural, generational, and geographical. I then argue that post-modernists have seldom practised what they preach - their abstract, and often inaccessible,.
Microbial Flora and Food Borne Pathogens on Minced Meat and Their Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents

Background Food-borne pathogens are the leading cause of illness and death in developing countries. Changes in eating habits, mass catering, unsafe food storage conditions and poor hygiene practices are major contributing factors to food associated illnesses. In Ethiopia, the widespread habit of raw beef consumption is potential cause for food borne illnesses. The present study aimed at investigating the microbial quality of meat available in common retail shops, restaurants and abattoir of Jimma City and determining susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates. Method A total of 165 samples from food establishments, butcher shops and a slaughter houses were processed and analyzed for the presence of indicator bacterial and potential food pathogens using standards methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus isolates using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results A total of 165 samples were collected from twenty four hotels and five butchers and an abattoir. Various food borne pathogens were isolated in 13 (43.3%) and indicator organisms in 29 (96.7%) out of the thirty food establishments (hotels, butchery and abattoir). Overall, ten different bacterial species were isolated which included, proteus spp 89 (53.9%), E. coli 44 (26.6%), Providencia spp 23 (13.9%) Citrobacter spp 15(9%), Pseudomonas spp 9 (5.5%), Klebsiella spp 2 (1.2%), Enterobacter spp 2 (1.2%), Salmonella spp 2(1.2%), and Shigella species 1 (0.6%). Out of the 44 E. coli isolates 37 (84%) were thermo tolerant E. coli and out of the gram positive organisms identified 20 (12.1%) were Staphylococcus aureus isolates. From the two Salmonella isolates one was susceptible against all 12 tested antimicrobials, while the other to all the 11 except cephalexin. Shigella dysentery was resistant only to co-trimoxazole and tetracycline. Out of the 20 S. aureus isolates, 90% showed resistance to oxacillin, 85% to ampicillin, 65% to erythromycin, 60% to amoxicillin, 35% to streptomycin, and 20% to vancomycin and all isolates were sensitive to co-trimoxazole (100%). In this study, 90% (18/20) of the S. aureus isolates were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion In this study high percentage of indicator organisms as well as food borne pathogens were identified, which shows unhygienic condition of handling and processing in the food establishments. Our data also confirmed the presence of resistant food pathogens; particularly Staphylococcus aureus isolates which are Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistant that emphasizes close follow up in the utilization of antibiotics. Therefore, meat handlers and sellers should be educated on the adverse effect of lack of proper personal, environmental hygiene and sanitation. In addition, consumers should be made aware of the risk of consuming raw and inadequately cooked meat.
Inhibition of glycolipid biosynthesis in chloroplasts by ozone and sulfhydryl reagents.

The metabolism of uridine 5'-pyrophosphate-galactose by spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast preparations was inhibited by ozone. The formation of digalactosyl diglyceride and trigalactosyl diglyceride was inhibited much more than the formation of monogalactosyl diglyceride, steryl glycoside, and acylated steryl glycoside. Essentially identical results were obtained when glycolipid synthesis was inhibited by N-ethyl maleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and CdCl(2). Iodoacetate and iodoacetamide affected neither the total incorporation of sugar from uridine 5'-pyrophosphate-galactose nor distribution of the incorporated sugar in the various glycolipids.Ozone reacted with model membrane systems prepared with egg lecithin. In the absence of reduced glutathione, products included malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of glutathione, malonaldehyde was still produced, but the glutathione was oxidized and no peroxide was detected. When these studies were extended to chloroplast preparations, it was also found that malonaldehyde was produced and glutathione was oxidized.It was concluded that ozone inhibits glycolipid biosynthesis in chloroplast preparations by way of oxidation of enzyme sulfhydryl groups but that this reaction may be a secondary effect of oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
The illocutionary aspect of utterances

The first part of this paper criticizes Austin's and Searle's claim that utterances have illocutionary force. It is shown that illocutionary force is the sense of illocutionary descriptive terms, but illocutionary verbs are not names of a definite aspect of utterances. In the second and third parts an alternative account of the illocutionary aspect of utterances is offered, an account which sees illocution as the way in which utterances meaningfully relate to the state of affairs in the world.
Perceived Teacher Acceptance, Parental Acceptance, and the Adjustment, Achievement, and Behavior of School-Going Youths Internationally

Drawing stimulus from parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory) and associated measures, articles in this special issue attempt to assess the relative contribution of perceived teacher and parental (maternal and paternal) acceptance and behavioral control to the psychological adjustment, school conduct, and academic achievement of school-going youths (boys and girls) within six nations cross-culturally. Results of analyses expose enormous gender and sociocultural variability in the pattern of predictors (i.e., perceived teacher and parental acceptance and behavioral control) associated with each of the three outcome variables studied. This is especially true with respect to predictors of students’ conduct in school and academic achievement. However, as expected from PARTheory, predictors of variations in youths’ psychological adjustment are much more stable: Both perceived teacher acceptance and parental (maternal as well as paternal) acceptance are significantly correlated with the adjustment of both boys and girls in all nations where this relationship is studied, though in two nations perceived teacher acceptance is the sole independent predictor of youths’ psychological adjustment, whereas in two other nations perceived parental acceptance is the sole independent predictor.
Two spatial memories for honeybee navigation

Insect navigation is thought to be based on an egocentric reference system which relates vector information derived from path integration to views of landmarks experienced en route and at the goal. Here we show that honeybees also possess an allocentric form of spatial memory which allows localization of multiple places relative to the intended goal, the hive. The egocentric route memory, which is called the specialized route memory (SRM) here, initially dominates navigation when an animal is first trained to a feeding site and then released at an unexpected site and this is why it is the only reference system detected so far in experiments with bees. However, the SRM can be replaced by an allocentric spatial memory called the general landscape memory (GLM). The GLM is directly accessible to the honeybee (and to the experimenter) if no SRM exists, for example, if bees were not trained along a route before testing. Under these conditions bees return to the hive from all directions around the hive at a speed comparable to that of an equally long flight along a trained route. The flexible use of the GLM indicates that bees may store relational information on places, connections between landmarks and the hive and/or views of landmarks from different directions and, thus, the GLM may have a graph structure, at least with respect to one goal, i.e. the hive.
Soundness and Completeness of an Axiom System for Program Verification

A simple ALGOL-like language is defined which includes conditional, while, and procedure call statements as well as blocks. A formal interpretive semantics and a Hoare style axiom system are given for the language. The axiom system is proved to be sound, and in a certain sense complete, relative to the interpretive semantics. The main new results are the completeness theorem, and a careful treatment of the procedure call rules for procedures with global variables in their declarations.
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Mannequin or Standardized Patient: Participants' Assessment of Two Training Modalities in Trauma Team Simulation

Background: Trauma team training using simulation has become an educational compensation for a low number of severe trauma patients in 49 of Norway's 50 trauma hospitals for the last 12 years. The hospitals' own simple mannequins have been employed, to enable training without being dependent on expensive and advanced simulators. We wanted to assess the participants' assessment of using a standardized patient instead of a mannequin.
Immediate Knowledge of Results and Test Performance

AbstractThree groups of students used IBM card punchboards to receive immediate knowledge of results after each of one-half of the items on multiple-choice tests and received delayed knowledge of results on the remaining items. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences in the results under the two conditions on each of ten 1-hour examinations and on a final examination. There were no statistically significant differences in means under immediate and delayed knowledge of results on any of the 1-hour examinations. The difference in results on the final examination, however, was significant beyond the . 05 level in favor of immediate knowledge. Immediate item-by-item knowledge of results thus did not depress test performance.
Validation of a 'spurning scale' for teachers: the Chinese sample

The present study represents our continuing effort to validate a 'spurning scale' for teachers, based on a model of spurned helpers' reactions. Three approaches were used to examine the construct validity of the scale: the spurning scores of teachers working with more achieving students versus the scores of teachers teaching less achieving students; the relationships between the spurning scores and job satisfaction and turnover scores; and the relationships between the spurning scores and scores indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's students, and with one's supervisor. Serving teachers in Guangzhou (China) responded to a questionnaire containing the variables of interests. Overall, the results provided further evidence for the validity of the scale.
What makes a successful transition to school? Views of Australian parents and teachers

This paper reports a survey of 355 parents and 166 teachers of young children starting school in New South Wales, Australia. Parents and teachers were asked to rate a list of 20 items in answer to the question 'How important are the following for deciding whether a child has had a successful first two terms of school? ' The results are presented in relation to individual items as well as broad categories, with comparisons between the perceptions of teachers and parents. Overall, teachers placed most emphasis on the areas of children's adjustment to the school context and their dispositions or feelings about being at school. Less emphasis was attributed to areas such as knowledge. Parents were more likely than teachers to focus on knowledge, as well as children's dispositions. Implications are drawn for collaborative interaction between parents and teachers as children start school.
A corpus-based study on syntactic and phonetic prosodic phrasing boundaries in spontaneous Italian speech

This work focuses on the relationship between prosodic and syntactic domains in order to investigate whether there is a preferred syntactic domain of tonal units and whether there is a preferred prosodic domain of syntactic constituents. Two independent analyses of phonetic prosodic boundaries of syntactic constituents and of syntactic structure of prosodic constituents in Italian spontaneous dialogues were carried out. On the one hand, our results confirmed data from previous studies on non-isomorphism of syntactic and prosodic constituents. On the other hand, new data are presented, which show that: 1) the coextension of prosodic and syntactic phrasing is favoured by specific syntactic structures, mainly phrases or minimal sentence structures; 2) informational and pragmatic factors as well as turn-taking frequency strongly constrain prosodic (and syntactic) phrasing; 3) the same acoustic-phonetic cues are involved in prosodic phrasing of different syntactic constituents.
Turning Financial Markets inside Out: Polanyi, Performativity and Disembeddedness

In light of the spread of markets across the globe and deeper into daily life, this paper argues for a more robust analysis and application of Karl Polanyi's conception of (dis)embedded markets coupled with the performativity thesis authored mainly by Michel Callon. It suggests that while disembeddedness as a concept is necessary for an analysis of contemporary financial markets that are increasingly self-referential, it is not sufficient. Despite the suggestion of a gulf between Polanyian and Callonian economics, there are important similarities in the two frameworks. The similarities are considered along with the considerable difference, all in an attempt to develop a more robust methodological framework for analyzing financial markets. Performativity, it is argued, can help fill the gaps in Polanyi's embeddedness framework, albeit only when that concept's tendency to produce aspatial and apolitical arguments are taken seriously. The paper uses an abbreviated case study of the development of US financial derivative markets in the 1970s and 1980s to argue that markets must be considered in light of both their institutional and geographic entanglements as well as their (dis)embeddedness in systems of calculativeness and mathematical modeling. Specifically the paper analyzes the tension between the derivative origin story authored by Donald MacKenzie, which focuses on neoclassical pricing models like the Black—Scholes—Merton option pricing formula, and my own empirical research, which suggests the urban-economic geography of Chicago played a key role in the development of these instruments.