Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationships of distributive justice and compensation system fairness to employee attitudes in international joint ventures

Employee perceptions of the fairness of general corporate systems have thus far not received enough attention in the organizational justice literature. To fill this gap, we examined perceptions of the fairness of the compensation systems of international joint ventures in China. It is argued that perceptions of compensation system fairness are positively related to the three distributive justice dimensions, i.e., performance-based distributive justice, comparative distributive justice relative to foreign expatriates, and comparative distributive justice relative to local colleagues. Perceptions of compensation system fairness are also hypothesized to mediate the relationships between the three distributive justice dimensions and organizational commitment and turnover intention. A survey of 161 Chinese employees in Sino-foreign joint ventures found a positive relationship between perceptions of distributive justice and perceptions of compensation system fairness. In particular, compensation system fairness was more strongly associated with performance-based distributive justice than with the other two distributive justice dimensions based on social comparison. The mediating role of compensation system fairness was strongly supported. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘CLT is best for China’— an untenable absolutist claim

In his paper titled ‘The need for Communicative Language Teaching in China’, Xiaoqing Liao (2004) holds an absolutist view on the appropriacy of CLT for Chinese EFL classrooms, and claims that the methodology ‘is best for China’. The absolutist claim is based on a problematic assumption of CLT’s universal e=ectiveness/appropriacy, and ignores the diverse contexts of ELT in China. The arguments put forward by Liao to support his claim are specious, and the evidence presented is both scarce and unconvincing. Furthermore, the paper reveals a narrow, dogmatic understanding of what constitutes a proper method, and in the words of Harmer (2003: 288), exempli>es ‘an insensitive insistence on a rigid methodology at the expense of classroom and learner realities’.
Generalized and Extended Subspace Algorithms for Error Correction with Quantized DFT Codes

Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codes have been used to provide robustness against errors and erasures in various applications. This paper focuses on improving error localization of the Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) DFT codes. First, we analyze how the subspace-based error localization outperforms the coding-theoretic one. Then, we propose an extension of the subspace-based error localization, based on additional syndrome, that improves the existing one and is naturally suitable for rate-adaptive distributed source coding (DSC). Further, we propose a new generic subspace-based algorithm to decode BCH-DFT codes. The proposed approach generalizes the encoding and decoding of this important class of DFT codes. It introduces many different decoding matrices for a DFT code; this diversity is then used to diminish the effect of the quantization noise and thus to improve the decoding. Finally, the extended and generalized approaches are combined to maximize the decoding gain. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithms to perform significantly better than the existing subspace-based error localization, in the presence of quantization noise.
Relation of Study Factors to Performance in Navy Technical Schools

This study was conducted to determine which study factors lead to success in Navy technical schools and to ascertain whether the effects of study factors vary from one school to another. Study factors refer to all clearly definable elements that may affect student learning and that may be influenced by training. A Study Factors Survey (SFS) was developed and administered to 1,762 students in seven Navy technical schools. Scores on high-failure tests (those failed by 10% or more of the students) were collected for the beginning, middle, and end of each course. Partial correlations between mean test scores and study factor scales were calculated, controlling for ability as measured by the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Of 304 possible correlations, 87 were significant. Four study factors-Concentration, Competition, Memorization, and Motivation - had the greatest number of signif- icant correlations with achievement scores. Anxiety and Mastery Beliefs had the next largest number of signi.
A CMI‐triplization paradigm for reforming education in the new millennium

This article proposes a new paradigm including the concepts of contextualized multiple intelligences (CMIs) and triplization for reforming education. A pentagon theory is developed as the base for learning and teaching, to help students develop the necessary CMIs in the new century. Then the article illustrates the concepts and processes of triplization, including globalization, localization, and individualization, and explains why they together can provide a completely new paradigm to reform school education, curricula and pedagogy and how they can substantially contribute to the development of CMIs, of not only students, but also teachers and schools. Finally, the implications of the new paradigm for changing curricula and pedagogy are advanced. It is hoped that the new century education can support students becoming CMI citizens, who will be engaged in life‐long learning and will creatively contribute to building up a multiple intelligence society and global village.
Detecting and Preventing IP-spoofed Distributed DoS Attacks

In this paper, we explore mechanisms for defending against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, have become one of the major threats to the operation of the Internet today. We propose a novel scheme for detecting and preventing the most harmful and di‐cult to detect DDoS Attacks|those that use IP address spoofing to disguise the attack ∞ow. Our scheme is based on a flrewall that can distinguish the attack packets (containing spoofed source addresses) from the packets sent by legitimate users, and thus fllters out most of the attack packets before they reach the victim. Unlike the other packet-marking based solutions, our scheme has a very low deployment cost; We estimate that an implementation of this scheme would require the cooperation of only about 20% of the Internet routers in the marking process. The scheme allows the flrewall system to conflgure itself based on the normal tra‐c of a Web server, so that the occurrence of an attack can be quickly and precisely detected. We have extensively tested our scheme by simulating DDoS attacks with up to several thousand attackers and the experimental results show that more than 90% of attack packets can be efiectively flltered-out without much afiecting the ∞ow of legitimate packets to the victim Web-server.
Genetic and environmental mediation of the prediction from preschool language and nonverbal ability to 7‐year reading

We use a genetically sensitive design to examine the relationship between language and nonverbal ability at 4½ and reading skills at 7 years of age in a sample of more than 1,000 children participating in the Twins Early Development Study. We find that nonphonological as well as phonological measures of early language make significant contributions towards the prediction of reading at 7, and that nonverbal ability at 4½ is an equally strong predictor. With respect to aetiology, we find substantial genetic contributions towards the relationship between early language skills and reading at 7, as well as a trend towards shared environmental influences. The genetic continuity is not specific to the verbal domain, however, as we also find a substantial genetic relationship between nonverbal ability at 4½ and reading at 7.
Rare inherited A2BP1 deletion in a proband with autism and developmental hemiparesis

Ataxin 2 binding protein 1 (A2BP1 aka FOX1, RBFOX1) is an RNA binding protein responsible for regulation of pre‐mRNA splicing events in a number of critical developmental genes expressed in muscle, heart and neuronal cells [Shibata et al. (2000); Mamm Genome 12:595–601; Jin et al. (2003); EMBO J 22:905–912; Underwood et al. (2005); Mol Cell Biol 25:10005–10016]. Rare copy number abnormalities of A2BP1 have been previously associated with cognitive impairment, attention deficit disorder and autism [Martin et al. (2007); Am J Med Gen Part B 144B:869–876; Elia et al. (2010); Mol Psychiatry 15:637–646. ]. Using a 1M Illumina SNP microarray, we identified a 1.3 kb deletion in A2BP1, which was subsequently validated by quantitative PCR. Here we present an in depth case study of an individual with autism and mild developmental hemiparesis in whom the deletion was detected. This study provides further support for the possible role of rare copy number variants in A2BP1 in the development of autism and associated motor asymmetries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength.

Meta-attitudes are impressions of properties of one's attitudes. This article distinguishes between meta-attitudinal indexes of attitude strength and operative indexes that are derived from the judgment process or its outcomes. Measures of both types were tested against criteria of attitude pliability and stability. The results revealed that the meta-attitudinal and operative measures formed distinct clusters and that the operative index accounted for unique variance in the criteria, whereas the meta-attitudinal one did not. The author argues that operative measures of strength provide a relatively nonreactive means of assessing properties of strength that can be unconscious, whereas meta-attitudinal measures are particularly susceptible to extraneous influences that can undermine their validity. The one advantage of meta-attitudinal measures is their semantic specificity.
Adolescents' Perspectives on Racial Diversity in U.S. History: Case Studies From an Urban Classroom

Scholars interested in reforming the K-12 history curriculum have presented competing perspectives on incorporating the historical experiences of racial groups into traditional narratives of U.S. history. None of the perspectives, however, have been informed by research on young people's interpretations of race relations in national history. Framed by three academic perspectives on teaching U.S. history in public schools, I analyzed the historical narratives of 10 adolescents who completed the same 11th-grade history class. The analysis demonstrated that the adolescents' racialized identities significantly influenced their concepts of the historical experiences of racial groups, the role of government in shaping these experiences, and the existence or lack of a common national history or identity. Some of the adolescents also had difficulties explaining how themes associated with expanding democracy and racial inequality simultaneously structured their narratives of the nation's past. Using the adolescents' historical perspectives as a lens to evaluate the efficacy of the academic perspectives, I suggest ways to negotiate the differences among and difficulties within the adolescents' perspectives on racial diversity in U.S. history.
Simultaneous estimation of indirect and interaction effects using structural equation models

Interaction effects are usually modeled by means of moderated regression analysis. Structural equation models with non-linear constraints make it possible to estimate interaction effects while correcting for measurement error. From the various specifications, Jöreskog and Yang's (1996, 1998), likely the most parsimonious, has been chosen and further simplified. Up to now, only direct effects have been specified, thus wasting much of the capability of the structural equation approach. This paper presents and discusses an extension of Jöreskog and Yang's specification that can handle direct, indirect and interaction effects simultaneously. The model is illustrated by a study of the effects of an interactive style of use of budgets on both company innovation and performance.
Beliefs and inferences—a test of a rational-emotive hypothesis: 3. On expectations about enjoying a party

Abstract Ninety-six subjects were asked to imagine that they were going to a party. They were further asked to imagine (a) that they adhered to a rational or an irrational belief; (b) that they had jilted or been jilted by a partner with whom they were having an intimate relationship; and (c) that they knew or did not know other friends who would be going to the party. Whilst in role, subjects were asked to make inferences about various aspects of their enjoyment of the party. The results supported the hypothesis that holding an irrational belief leads to more negatively distorted inferences than holding a rational belief, and that having been jilted by a partner would have a similar effect. There was only limited support for the hypothesis that the second two independent variables would have a moderating or amplifying effect on the negativity of inferences through interaction with the belief variable. The implications of these findings for counselling are discussed, especially with respect to challenging.
Verifying One's Knowledge of a Name Without Retrieving It: A U-Shaped Relation to Vocabulary Size in Early Childhood

An explicit awareness of gaps in one's vocabulary plays an important role in older children's word learning and reading comprehension and may influence language processing in younger children. The current investigation addressed how preschool-age children identify gaps in their knowledge of object labels. In two studies, preschoolers answered general questions about various depicted objects, then later judged whether they knew names for these and other objects. In each study, participants were more likely to mistakenly report knowing a name for an unnameable object if they had been asked questions about it, or similar objects, earlier in the session. This pre-exposure effect is evidence that cues other than name retrieval itself can influence children's name knowledge judgments. In 4½ year olds (Study 1), the pre-exposure effect was found only among those with smaller vocabularies, whereas in 3½ year olds (Study 2), it was found only among those with larger vocabularies. The reasons why the pre-exposure effect shows a U-shaped relation to vocabulary size are discussed.
Constitutional Design and Democratic Performance

The article examines the relationship between constitutional design and democratic performance. To do so, it draws on a new data set, containing measures of eight core values of liberal democratic government (accountability, representation, constraint, participation, political rights, civil rights, property rights, minority rights) for 40 country cases over 29 years. It uses pooled cross section time-series regressions to explore the effects of executive-legislative relations, electoral rules and federal-unitary government, while controlling for the contextual conditions of economic wealth, political culture, and the longevity of democratic government itself. The article reviews previous attempts to explore the relationship in order to sharpen the definition of democratic performance, explore key aspects of the research design, and compare the statistical results with the present state of our knowledge. Overall the results tend to support the superior performance of parliamentary over presidential systems, and, in lesser degree, of unitary over federal systems. The performance profiles of proportional representation and plurality electoral systems, on the other hand, appear as distinct but quite evenly matched. But reasons are given for exercising some care with causal inferences, and for applying the results to closer-focus comparative institutional analysis.
Whole Blood Gene Expression Profile Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women with Threatened Preterm Labor

Threatened preterm labor (TPTL) is defined as persistent premature uterine contractions between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation and is the most common condition that requires hospitalization during pregnancy. Most of these TPTL women continue their pregnancies to term while only an estimated 5% will deliver a premature baby within ten days. The aim of this work was to study differential whole blood gene expression associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) within 48 hours of hospital admission. Peripheral blood was collected at point of hospital admission from 154 women with TPTL before any medical treatment. Microarrays were utilized to investigate differential whole blood gene expression between TPTL women who did (n = 48) or did not have a sPTB (n = 106) within 48 hours of admission. Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher (35% and 41% respectively) in women who had sPTB than women who did not deliver within 48 hours (p<0.001). Fetal fibronectin (fFN) test was performed on 62 women. There was no difference in the urine, vaginal and placental microbiology and histopathology reports between the two groups of women. There were 469 significant differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.05); 28 differentially expressed genes were chosen for microarray validation using qRT-PCR and 20 out of 28 genes were successfully validated (p<0.05). An optimal random forest classifier model to predict sPTB was achieved using the top nine differentially expressed genes coupled with peripheral clinical blood data (sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 75.5%). These differentially expressed genes may further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of sPTB and pave the way for future systems biology studies to predict sPTB.
Escherichia coli TehB RequiresS-Adenosylmethionine as a Cofactor To Mediate Tellurite Resistance

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli chromosomal determinant for tellurite resistance consists of two genes (tehA andtehB) which, when expressed on a multicopy plasmid, confer resistance to K2TeO3 at 128 μg/ml, compared to the MIC of 2 μg/ml for the wild type. TehB is a cytoplasmic protein which possesses three conserved motifs (I, II, and III) found in S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent non-nucleic acid methyltransferases. Replacement of the conserved aspartate residue in motif I by asparagine or alanine, or of the conserved phenylalanine in motif II by tyrosine or alanine, decreased resistance to background levels. Our results are consistent with motifs I and II in TehB being involved in SAM binding. Additionally, conformational changes in TehB are observed upon binding of both tellurite and SAM. The hydrodynamic radius of TehB measured by dynamic light scattering showed a ∼20% decrease upon binding of both tellurite and SAM. These data suggest that TehB utilizes a methyltransferase activity in the detoxification of tellurite.
Non-detection of HC11N towards TMC-1: constraining the chemistry of large carbon-chain molecules

Bell et al. reported the first detection of the cyanopolyyne HC_(11)N towards the cold dark cloud TMC-1; no subsequent detections have been reported towards any source. Additional observations of cyanopolyynes and other carbon-chain molecules towards TMC-1 have shown a log-linear trend between molecule size and column density, and in an effort to further explore the underlying chemical processes driving this trend, we have analysed Green Bank Telescope observations of HC_9N and HC_(11)N towards TMC-1. Although we find an HC_9N column density consistent with previous values, HC_(11)N is not detected and we derive an upper limit column density significantly below that reported in Bell et al. Using a state-of-the-art chemical model, we have investigated possible explanations of non-linearity in the column density trend. Despite updating the chemical model to better account for ion–dipole interactions, we are not able to explain the non-detection of HC_(11)N, and we interpret this as evidence of previously unknown carbon-chain chemistry. We propose that cyclization reactions may be responsible for the depleted HC11N abundance, and that products of these cyclization reactions should be investigated as candidate interstellar molecules.
A Reconceptualization of Teacher Education

Pinar focuses on the political and cur ricular aspects of reconceptualization. Addressing the issue of "academic bankruptcy" in schools, he examines selected Holmes proposals that serve as a response to the public's disillusion ment. Pinar defends the Holmes propos als, but suggests that they be modified to meet reconceptualist goals. Other wise, it remains to be seen whether the Holmes reforms will fall victim to the current zeal for standardized tests and quantifiable data, or whether the new programs will reflect the ideals of recon ceptualization.
Event countertransference and vicarious traumatization: Theoretically valid and clinically useful concepts?

The event countertransference and vicarious traumatization concepts have been introduced in the 1990s to describe the adverse emotional impacts that working with severely traumatized patients may have for the helping professional. These concepts are increasingly popular among trauma therapists. The present paper critically discusses the empirical evidence, theoretical validity and clinical utility of both concepts. Vulnerable trauma therapists may too eagerly embrace the event countertransference and vicarious traumatization perspectives as a cover up for their own failures. Interpersonal communication theory is suggested as a more useful conceptual framework for the analysis of countertransference reactions in therapies with severely traumatized patients.
Race of Examiner as a Variable in Test Attainments of Preschool Children

This study evaluated the effect of examiner's race on the preschool readiness attainments of 2- and 3-yr. -old black and white children. The findings indicate that except for performance in the large motor skill area in which black subjects secured higher scores with the white examiner, there were no significant race-of-examiner × race-of-child effects. Significant differences, associated with race of examiner, were identified in three skill areas but scores of both black and white children followed similar trends, which does not support the thesis that an examiner of the same race promotes children's improved performance. Results must be viewed in the context of home-centered testing of 2- and 3-yr. -old children. Also, regional differences may limit the extent to which generalizations may be made. Further research appears warranted, to determine the extent to which examiner influences more subtle than race, such as attitudes and expectations of an individual child's performance, may influence children's test scores.