Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Afterimage watercolors: an exploration of contour-based afterimage filling-in

We investigated filling-in of colored afterimages and compared them with filling-in of “real” colors in the watercolor illusion. We used shapes comprising two thin adjacent undulating outlines of which the inner or the outer outline was chromatic, while the other was achromatic. The outlines could be presented simultaneously, inducing the original watercolor effect, or in an alternating fashion, inducing colored afterimages of the chromatic outlines. In Experiment 1, using only alternating outlines, these afterimages triggered filling-in, revealing an “afterimage watercolor” effect. Depending on whether the inner or the outer outline was chromatic, filling-in of a complementary or a similarly colored afterimage was perceived. In Experiment 2, simultaneous and alternating presentations were compared. Additionally, gray and black achromatic contours were tested, having an increased luminance contrast with the background for the black contours. Compared to “real” color filling-in, afterimage filling-in was more easily affected by different luminance settings. More in particular, afterimage filling-in was diminished when high-contrast contours were used. In the discussion we use additional demonstrations in which we further explore the “watercolor afterimage. ” All in all, comparisons between both types of illusions show similarities and differences with regard to color filling-in. Caution, however, is warranted in attributing these effects to different underlying processing differences.
Adjustment Disorder: a new way of conceptualizing the overtraining syndrome

It is proposed that an athlete's overtrained state is more perceptible in its etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention if considered from the context of a biopsychosocial disorder of adjustment. By shifting focus from a limited notion of excessive training loads and inadequate recovery schedules onto a comprehensive model of maladjustment, the full scope of the phenomenon becomes clearer. Specifically, the overtrained state is reconceptualized as an Adjustment Disorder and thus should be treated from the perspective of this diagnosis. Adjustment Disorder is viewed as a response to an identifiable stressor or stressors that results in clinically significant symptoms, and ‘can be triggered by a stressor of any severity and may involve a wide range of possible symptoms’ (DSM-IV-TR, 2000, p. 682). A rationale for the adoption of this definition is proposed. Included in this rationale is a comprehensive model of maladjustment with an overview of relevant subtypes to clarify the complex interaction of variables involved in the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the athlete's maladjusted state.
An Exploration of the Relationship between AIDS-Related Anxiety and the Evaluation of Condom Advertisements

Abstract This research investigated the relationship between AIDS-related anxiety and the evaluation of condom advertisements. Data suggest that subjects' attitudes toward condom ads and brands may have been the product of different causes of state anxiety. Attitudes toward the condom ads may have been based on a subject's level of anxiety concerning the spread of AIDS in society. However, attitudes towards the condom brands may have been based on the extent of personal threat from infection through sexual contact. Also, data show that subjects held more positive attitudes for the moderate-fear appeal than the high-fear and non-/ear appeals. Implications for advertisers marketing controversial products to help consumers cope with major social problems are provided.
Magnetometer-Augmented IMU Simulator: In-Depth Elaboration

The location of objects is a growing research topic due, for instance, to the expansion of civil drones or intelligent vehicles. This expansion was made possible through the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), inexpensive and miniaturized inertial sensors. In this context, this article describes the development of a new simulator which generates sensor measurements, giving a specific input trajectory. This will allow the comparison of pose estimation algorithms. To develop this simulator, the measurement equations of every type of sensor have to be analytically determined. To achieve this objective, classical kinematic equations are used for the more common sensors, i.e., accelerometers and rate gyroscopes. As nowadays, the MEMS inertial measurement units (IMUs) are generally magnetometer-augmented, an absolute world magnetic model is implemented. After the determination of the perfect measurement (through the error-free sensor models), realistic error models are developed to simulate real IMU behavior. Finally, the developed simulator is subjected to different validation tests.
A Test of Pancreatic Function in Man Based on the Analysis of Duodenal Contents after Administration of Secretin and Pancreozymin

Pancreozymin in man as in animals appears to act as a specific enzyme stimulant. The preparations of pancreozymin used in these experiments also contain cholecystokinin, which causes the gall bladder to contract, and a smooth muscle stimulant, possibly substance P. The duodenal contents obtained in response to a standard dose of secretin and pancreozymin have been collected quantitatively in man and the volume and amount of bicarbonate, amylase, trypsin, and lipase measured in order to study pancreatic function. The results of 105 tests undertaken on a normal group, in pancreatic and biliary disease, and in non-pancreatic steatorrhoea have been analysed. In localized pancreatic lesions and after recovery from acute pancreatitis, normal function is often retained. Mild functional impairment may be demonstrated only by a poor enzyme output in the post-pancreozymin fractions, while at a later stage bicarbonate output is affected and finally the volume of the duodenal contents is reduced. The secretin-pancreozymin test is most valuable, therefore, in the more chronic and advanced forms of pancreatic disease in which it gives a good assessment of residual pancreatic function. In diagnosis care must be taken in interpreting a functional test in terms of anatomical pathology. The test has proved useful not only in diagnosis but also as a guide to treatment and an index of prognosis.
Irrational Beliefs and Three Interpersonal Styles

To examine whether certain irrational beliefs described by Albert Ellis covary with specific interpersonal styles, 217 undergraduates completed R. G. Jones's Irrational Beliefs Test and a revised version of the Interpersonal Checklist popularized by T. Leary. A principal components analysis of the structure of the Interpersonal Checklist produced three distinct factors, and factor scores derived from this were correlated with the 10 irrational beliefs measured. Eight of the irrational beliefs covaried with at least one interpersonal style. The irrational belief that “one must have approval from others” correlated with both an “hostile-dominant” and “submissive” interpersonal style. This finding, along with several other significant correlations, is explained through a negative reinforcement paradigm. All correlations were low to moderate in magnitude. Findings suggest that the relationship between certain irrational beliefs and different interpersonal styles may at times be fairly complex.
Survey of childhood diabetes and impact of school level educational interventions in rural schools in Karimnagar district

CONTEXT: Diabetes in children is increasing to epidemic proportions. It is essential to prevent its occurrence by screening for its modifiable risk factors at an earliest time. AIMS: 1. To screen for childhood diabetes and its modifiable risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, excessive eating of sweets, carbohydrate foods and chocolate intake and prolonged TV viewing. 2. To bring about reduction in these risk factors by lifestyle modifications through school health teams. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A combined cross-sectional descriptive and interventional design among urban and rural school children was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survey was conducted among 610 school children by 8 resident doctors to know the modifiable risk factors for diabetes. Four educational interventions to reduce and prevent the risk factors were carried out by the school health teams. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Proportions; χ2 test, t-test, cluster sampling. RESULTS: About 3.5% of children were diabetic. Reductions by 0.33%, 27.5%, 17%, 19% were achieved respectively in obesity, sweets/ chocolates/ carbohydrate rich food consumption, sedentary life and prolonged TV viewing. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood diabetes burden can be minimized by preventing the development of risk factors like obesity, sedentary life and eating excess of sweets, carbohydrate rich foods and chocolates. School level educational interventions through teacher-parent-child teams will definitely reduce the prevalence of diabetes.
Vanadium in psychiatry

It has been suggested that vanadium, a potent reversible inhibitor of sodium‐potassium‐sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+‐ATPase), is of aetiological importance in manic‐depressive illness. The present review submits to critical scrutiny the pertinent literature of (1) the existence of vanadium excess in various tissues; (2) Na+/K+‐ATPase activity in erythrocytes from patients with affective illness; and (3) treatment modalities applied to reduce body vanadium or to increase ‘sodium’ activity. Finally, data on vanadium deficiency as well as vanadium poisoning are discussed.
Mitochondrially targeted ZFNs for selective degradation of pathogenic mitochondrial genomes bearing large-scale deletions or point mutations

We designed and engineered mitochondrially targeted obligate heterodimeric zinc finger nucleases (mtZFNs) for site‐specific elimination of pathogenic human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We used mtZFNs to target and cleave mtDNA harbouring the m.8993T>G point mutation associated with neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) and the “common deletion” (CD), a 4977‐bp repeat‐flanked deletion associated with adult‐onset chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and, less frequently, Kearns‐Sayre and Pearson's marrow pancreas syndromes. Expression of mtZFNs led to a reduction in mutant mtDNA haplotype load, and subsequent repopulation of wild‐type mtDNA restored mitochondrial respiratory function in a CD cybrid cell model. This study constitutes proof‐of‐principle that, through heteroplasmy manipulation, delivery of site‐specific nuclease activity to mitochondria can alleviate a severe biochemical phenotype in primary mitochondrial disease arising from deleted mtDNA species.
Changes in nucleosome position at transcriptional start sites of specific genes in Zea mays mediator of paramutation1 mutants

Nucleosomes facilitate compaction of DNA within the confines of the eukaryotic nucleus. This packaging of DNA and histone proteins must accommodate cellular processes, such as transcription and DNA replication. The repositioning of nucleosomes to facilitate cellular processes is likely regulated by several factors. In Zea mays, Mediator of paramutation1 (MOP1) has been demonstrated to be an epigenetic regulator of gene expression. Based on sequence orthology and mutant phenotypes, MOP1 is likely to function in an RNA-dependent pathway to mediate changes to chromatin. High-resolution microarrays were used to assay the distribution of nucleosomes across the transcription start sites (TSSs) of ~400 maize genes in wild type and mutant mop1–1 tissues. Analysis of nucleosome distribution in leaf, immature tassel and ear shoot tissues resulted in the identification of three genes showing consistent differences in nucleosome positioning and occupancy between wild type and mutant mop1–1. These specific changes in nucleosome distribution were located upstream as well as downstream of the TSS. No direct relationship between the specific changes in nucleosome distribution and transcription were observed through quantitative expression analysis in these tissues. In silico prediction suggests that nucleosome positioning is not dictated by intrinsic DNA sequence signals in the TSSs of two of the identified genes, suggesting a role for chromatin remodeling proteins in MOP1-mediated pathways. These results also indicate that MOP1 contributions to nucleosome position may be either separate from changes in gene expression, or cooperative with development and other levels of regulation in coordinating gene expression.
Puberty: A Period of Both Organizational and Activational Effects of Steroid Hormones On Neurobehavioural Development

During perinatal development, steroid hormones act on the central nervous system (CNS) to organize neural circuits. These circuits remain relatively dormant until hormonal stimulation received in adulthood acts on the CNS to activate adult reproductive physiology and behaviour. In this review, the proposal is put forward that, in addition to perinatal development, puberty serves as another period of neural maturation mediated by both steroid‐dependent and ‐independent events that further organize and shape the behavioural potential of the adult organism. In support of this thesis, data are summarized that clearly show the organizational effects of the pubertal rise in gonadal hormones on mating behaviour and other steroid‐mediated behaviours exhibited in adulthood, and on the neural pathways that mediate these behaviours. The importance of determining whether this sensitive period of neural development during puberty is a ‘critical period’ is also discussed, as well as whether perturbations of the nervous system during pubertal development may result in negative behavioural and physiological outcomes in adulthood. It is concluded that puberty is not merely a time when increasing levels of gonadal steroids activate the neural circuits organized during perinatal development, but also a time of further organization of the CNS, which allows for appropriate behaviours to emerge in adulthood.
Clarifying Associations between Childhood Adversity, Social Support, Behavioral Factors, and Mental Health, Health, and Well-Being in Adulthood: A Population-Based Study

Previous studies have shown that socio-demographic factors, childhood socioeconomic status (CSES), childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs), social support and behavioral factors are associated with health and well-being in adulthood. However, the relative importance of these factors for mental health, health, and well-being has not been studied. Moreover, the mechanisms by which CTEs affect mental health, health, and well-being in adulthood are not clear. Using data from a representative sample (n = 12,981) of the adult population in Tromsø, Norway, this study examines (i) the relative contribution of structural conditions (gender, age, CSES, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and substance abuse distress) to social support and behavioral factors in adulthood; (ii) the relative contribution of socio-demographic factors, CSES, CTEs, social support, and behavioral factors to three multi-item instruments of mental health (SCL-10), health (EQ-5D), and subjective well-being (SWLS) in adulthood; (iii) the impact of CTEs on mental health, health, and well-being in adulthood, and; (iv) the mediating role of adult social support and behavioral factors in these associations. Instrumental support (24.16%, p < 0.001) explained most of the variation in mental health, while gender (21.32%, p < 0.001) explained most of the variation in health, and emotional support (23.34%, p < 0.001) explained most of the variation in well-being. Psychological abuse was relatively more important for mental health (12.13%), health (7.01%), and well-being (9.09%), as compared to physical abuse, and substance abuse distress. The subjective assessment of childhood financial conditions was relatively more important for mental health (6.02%), health (10.60%), and well-being (20.60%), as compared to mother's and father's education. CTEs were relatively more important for mental health, while, CSES was relatively more important for health and well-being. Respondents exposed to all three types of CTEs had a more than two-fold increased risk of being mentally unhealthy (RRTotal Effect = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.19–3.10), an 89% increased risk of being unhealthy (RRTotal Effect = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.47–1.99), and a 42% increased risk of having a low level of well-being in adulthood (RRTotal Effect = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.29–1.52). Social support and behavioral factors mediate 11–18% (p < 0.01) of these effects. The study advances the theoretical understanding of how CTEs influence adult mental health, health, and well-being.
A Simple Analytical Model for the Periodic Broadcasting in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Nowadays in Europe, USA, Japan and other countries many efforts are being made towards the development and ubiquitous deployment of active vehicular safety systems, which are based on car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communications. International standard IEEE 802.11p defines low layers protocols for vehicular networks aimed to support Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. Periodic broadcasting of short status messages (beacons) is foreseen as one of the key modes, which should be efficiently handled to provide active safety in vehicular networks. This paper presents a simple analytical method to compute the probability of successful message reception and mean message transmission delay in IEEE 802.11p vehicular ad-hoc network with periodic broadcasting of messages. We investigate the influence of beaconing period on the above performance metrics.
Teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding developmentally appropriate practices: a study conducted in India

The study assessed kindergarten teachers’ beliefs, stated practices and actual practices regarding developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) in India. Forty kindergarten teachers from the urban city of Mumbai (India) participated in the study. Overall, the results indicated that teachers’ beliefs were more developmentally appropriate than their stated practices or actual practices in the classroom. Further, teachers congruent in their developmentally appropriate beliefs and stated practices had classrooms with higher scores on actual practices. Lastly, group size was a significant predictor of teachers’ actual practices. The implications of these results for the early childhood education system of India are discussed in detail.
The Sex Fantasy Questionnaire: an update

My interest in sexual fantasies began at a time when I was exploring evolutionary approaches to the study of human sexuality and male-female differences (Wilson, 1978, 1979, 1981). This viewpoint attracted great hostility at the time but now seems widely accepted, with chapters appearing in most introductory psychology texts. It seemed to me that fantasies, being relatively unfettered by social constraints, were closer to basic instincts than overt behaviour or public opinions, making them a valuable window to true sexual urges and desires. Since there was no standardised instrument for the measurement of sexual fantasies and predilections at the time I sought to fill the gap with the development of the Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ). I began by scanning the research literature and popular magazines for a wideranging set of items that covered a variety of sexual predilections. These ranged from orthodox to rather ‘‘kinky’’ and subjects were asked to choose a frequency descriptor ranging from ‘‘never’’ to ‘‘regularly’’ for each of three conditions in which they might experience these fantasies: ‘‘daytime’’, ‘‘during intercourse or masturbation’’ and ‘‘dreams while asleep. ’’ It also occurred to me that we might tap their actual experience of these scenarios (‘‘have done in reality’’) and desire to experience them (‘‘would like to do in reality’’) to provide a more rounded appraisal of sexual preferences and examine the concordance (or lack of it) between fantasy and reality. The Wilson (1988) article reprinted here served as a source for the SFQ, with others invited to adopt it in their research, as well as an interim manual for users. Many researchers have taken up the invitation to use the SFQ in their studies. Some have replicated and extended our earlier findings (Wilson, 1987; Wilson & Lang, 1981) concerning gender differences in fantasy patterns. The trend has been to test evolutionary predictions concerning gender differences in fantasy more directly (Ellis & Symons, 1990; Oser, 1997; Wilson, 1997). As expected from parental investment theory, women favour intimate, loving, partner-oriented themes, while men feature on ‘‘pornographic’’ escapades with multiple, young, attractive, anonymous partners. Since my 1988 paper, more normative data has been reported. Using male college students in North Dakota, Plaud and Bigwood (1997) found scores more comparable to the British male non-clinical sample than to sexually variant men, though the students were slightly higher overall, mainly because of higher scores on the Intimate subfactor. Factor analysis of the 40 items largely confirmed the fourfactor structure initially described (Intimate, Exploratory, Impersonal and Sadomasochistic). Interestingly, much the same factor structure was found with an Sexual and Relationship Therapy Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2010, 68–72
Brassinosteroids Stimulate Plant Tropisms through Modulation of Polar Auxin Transport in Brassica and Arabidopsis

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant growth regulators in multiple developmental processes. Previous studies have indicated that BR treatment enhanced auxin-related responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using 14C-labeled indole-3-acetic acid and Arabidopsis thaliana plants harboring an auxin-responsive reporter construct, we show that the BR brassinolide (BL) stimulates polar auxin transport capacities and modifies the distribution of endogenous auxin. In plants treated with BL or defective in BR biosynthesis or signaling, the transcription of PIN genes, which facilitate functional auxin transport in plants, was differentially regulated. In addition, BL enhanced plant tropistic responses by promoting the accumulation of the PIN2 protein from the root tip to the elongation zone and stimulating the expression and dispersed localization of ROP2 during tropistic responses. Constitutive overexpression of ROP2 results in enhanced polar accumulation of PIN2 protein in the root elongation region and increased gravitropism, which is significantly affected by latrunculin B, an inhibitor of F-actin assembly. The ROP2 dominant negative mutants (35S-ROP2-DA/DN) show delayed tropistic responses, and this delay cannot be reversed by BL addition, strongly supporting the idea that ROP2 modulates the functional localization of PIN2 through regulation of the assembly/reassembly of F-actins, thereby mediating the BR effects on polar auxin transport and tropistic responses.
`Empowerment' and the Pole: A Discursive Investigation of the Reinvention of Pole Dancing as a Recreational Activity

The activity of `pole dancing' has recently been transformed from an act performed exclusively in strip clubs to one currently marketed as a form of aerobic exercise. While much feminist academic work has investigated aspects of the sex industry, such as stripping, very little research has been conducted into this recent social phenomenon of pole dancing as a recreational activity. This study takes a feminist poststructuralist approach to the investigation of this topic through the discursive analysis of talk produced in a range of focus groups and interviews. Participants included instructors at pole dancing studios, pupils regularly attending the studios, one-off pole dancers and general university students (a total of 25 participants; 20 females and five males). Our analysis focuses on the ways in which ideological dilemmas surrounding issues such as empowerment, control and the male gaze are managed within the participants' accounts. Implications of these constructions are discussed in relation to the redefinition/reiteration of hegemonic, patriarchal notions of female sexuality.