Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of oxidative stress and endothelial injury in diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain.

OBJECTIVE The roles of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and oxidative stress causing vascular injury in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy are debatable. The present study was undertaken to clarify the possible effects of oxidative stress and ET-1 in diabetic patients with and without peripheric neuropathy. METHODS We studied plasma ET-1, nitric oxide (NO), catalase, glutathione (GSH) levels of fifty (22 females, 28 males) patients with Type 2 diabetes in order to evaluate endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The neuropathy types (motor, sensorial and sensorimotor), comorbid diseases, antidiabetic treatments, smoking, diabetes duration were also considered. Short McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was also performed for patients with neuropathy. RESULTS There were no significant differences between patients with (n=23) and without (n=27) neuropathy with regards to demographic features except diabetic disease duration. The statistical analysis was done considering this difference. Although NO and ET-1 levels were higher, and catalase and GSH levels were decreased in neuropathic patients, no statistical significancy was found. We also couldn't find any correlations between the parameters and SF-MPQ scores. CONCLUSIONS Although there were no relationships between neuropathy and the studied parameters, we found lower levels of catalase and GSH as intracelluler antioxidants and higher NO and ET-1 as markers of endothelial injury in patients with neuropathy. Our data suggest that there is a need of further studies with larger study groups in order to clear out the role of endothelial injury and oxidative status in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGONAL AND BIORTHOGONAL WAVELETS FOR ECG COMPRSSION

In the present work we analyze the performance of orthogonal and Biorthogonal wavelet for electrocardiogram (ECG) compression. Both types of wavelets applied on different types of records taken from MIT-BIH database. A thresholding algorithm based on energy packing efficiency of the wavelet coefficients is used to threshold the wavelet coefficients. We divide wavelet coefficients in two groups approximation coefficients group and detail coefficients group then, select an appropriate threshold value for each detail sub band according to the energy packing efficiency of the each sub band . We have implemented different types of wavelets for the compression of the ECG signal and compared their performance. We have evaluated the effect of decomposition levels on compression ratio (CR) and preserved energy. We measured CR and percentage root mean square difference (PRD) and it is found that Bi orthogonal wavelet performs well than the orthogonal ones in both the criteria.
Genome-Wide Integration on Transcription Factors, Histone Acetylation and Gene Expression Reveals Genes Co-Regulated by Histone Modification Patterns

N-terminal tails of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 histone families are subjected to posttranslational modifications that take part in transcriptional regulation mechanisms, such as transcription factor binding and gene expression. Regulation mechanisms under control of histone modification are important but remain largely unclear, despite of emerging datasets for comprehensive analysis of histone modification. In this paper, we focus on what we call genetic harmonious units (GHUs), which are co-occurring patterns among transcription factor binding, gene expression and histone modification. We present the first genome-wide approach that captures GHUs by combining ChIP-chip with microarray datasets from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our approach employs noise-robust soft clustering to select patterns which share the same preferences in transcription factor-binding, histone modification and gene expression, which are all currently implied to be closely correlated. The detected patterns are a well-studied acetylation of lysine 16 of H4 in glucose depletion as well as co-acetylation of five lysine residues of H3 with H4 Lys12 and H2A Lys7 responsible for ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, our method further suggested the recognition of acetylated H4 Lys16 being crucial to histone acetyltransferase ESA1, whose essential role is still under controversy, from a microarray dataset on ESA1 and its bypass suppressor mutants. These results demonstrate that our approach allows us to provide clearer principles behind gene regulation mechanisms under histone modifications and detect GHUs further by applying to other microarray and ChIP-chip datasets. The source code of our method, which was implemented in MATLAB (http://www.mathworks.com/), is available from the supporting page for this paper: http://www.bic. kyoto-u.ac. jp/pathway/natsume/hm_detector. htm.
A Decision-Theoretic Model of Assistance

There is a growing interest in intelligent assistants for a variety of applications from sorting email to helping people with disabilities to do their daily chores. In this paper, we formulate the problem of intelligent assistance in a decision-theoretic framework, and present both theoretical and empirical results. We first introduce a class of POMDPs called hidden-goal MDPs (HGMDPs), which formalizes the problem of interactively assisting an agent whose goal is hidden and whose actions are observable. In spite of its restricted nature, we show that optimal action selection for HGMDPs is PSPACE-complete even for deterministic dynamics. We then introduce a more restricted model called helper action MDPs (HAMDPs), which are sufficient for modeling many real-world problems. We show classes of HAMDPs for which efficient algorithms are possible. More interestingly, for general HAMDPs we show that a simple myopic policy achieves a near optimal regret, compared to an oracle assistant that knows the agent's goal. We then introduce more sophisticated versions of this policy for the general case of HGMDPs that we combine with a novel approach for quickly learning about the agent being assisted. We evaluate our approach in two game-like computer environments where human subjects perform tasks, and in a real-world domain of providing assistance during folder navigation in a computer desktop environment. The results show that in all three domains the framework results in an assistant that substantially reduces user effort with only modest computation.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

ABSTRACT Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin [PT], pertactin [PRN], and filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA]) were assessed in 48-month-old recipients of acellular pertussis [aP] vaccines (either from Chiron-Biocine [aP-CB] or from SmithKline Beecham [aP-SB]) and compared to CMI responses to the same antigens at 7 months of age, i.e., 1 month after completion of the primary immunization cycle. None of the children enrolled in this study received any booster of pertussis vaccines or was affected by pertussis during the whole follow-up period. Overall, around 75% of 4-year-old children showed a CMI-positive response to at least one B. pertussis antigen, independently of the type of aP vaccine received, and the proportion of CMI responders were at least equal at 48 and 7 months of age. However, longitudinal examination of individual responses showed that from 20 (against PT) to 37% (against FHA) of CMI responders after primary immunization became negative at 48 months of age. This loss was more than compensated for by conversion to positive CMI responses, ranging from 36% against FHA to 69% against PRN, in other children who were CMI negative at 7 months of age. In 60 to 80% of these CMI converters, a lack of decline or even marked elevation of antibody (Ab) titers against B. pertussis antigens also occurred between 20 and 48 months of age. In particular, the frequency of seropositivity to PRN and FHA (but not to PT) was roughly three times higher in CMI converters than in nonconverters. The acquisition of CMI response toB. pertussis antigens in 48-month-old children was not associated with a greater frequency of coughing episodes lasting ≥7 days and was characterized by a prevalent type 1 cytokine profile, with high gamma interferon and low or no production of interleukin-5, reminiscent of cytokine patterns following immunization with whole-cell pertussis vaccine or natural infection. Our data imply that vaccination-induced systemic CMI may wane by 4 years of age but may be acquired or naturally boosted by symptomless or minor clinical infection by B. pertussis. This might explain, at least in part, the persistence of protection against typical pertussis in aP vaccine recipients despite a substantial waning of both Ab and CMI responses induced by the primary immunization.
Recommendations for the management of cough in adults

### 1.1 Background Patients with cough frequently present to clinicians working in both primary and secondary care.1,2 Acute cough, which often follows an upper respiratory tract infection, may be initially disruptive but is usually self-limiting and rarely needs significant medical intervention. Chronic cough is often the key symptom of many important chronic respiratory diseases but may be the sole presenting feature of a number of extrapulmonary conditions, in particular upper airway and gastrointestinal disease. Even with a clear diagnosis, cough can be difficult to control and, for the patient, can be associated with impaired quality of life.3,4 Sessions dedicated to cough at respiratory meetings are popular, suggesting that the pathophysiology, evaluation, and successful treatment of cough remain topics of keen interest to many medical practitioners. ### 1.2 Need and purpose of BTS recommendations on the management of cough The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS)5,6 have each endorsed their own set of guidelines on the management of cough; however, criticism7 of their content and breadth suggest the need for further concise recommendations. The British Thoracic Society guidelines cover not only chronic cough but also acute cough and the organisational issues of cough clinics. International differences in delivery of respiratory health care and management strategies support the notion that such guidelines would be desirable. The British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee agreed to the development of a Working Group tasked with the job of producing a set of guidelines for the management of cough with the following key objectives:
Islamic Bank Efficiency: Research Path from Scopus Database

The purpose of this study is to see the development of Islamic bank efficiency research around the world published by journals on the theme. This research uses a qualitative method with a blibliometric analysis approach. The data used is secondary data with the theme of Islamic bank efficiency from the Scopus database from 2003-2023, with a total of 449 journal articles. Then, the data is processed and analyzed using the VosViewer application with the aim of knowing the blibliometric map of Islamic bank efficiency research development in the world. The results of the study found four clusters related to the efficiency of Islamic banks, including the calculation of Islamic bank performance, comparison of conventional and Islamic bank efficiency, Islamic bank efficiency, and determinants of Islamic bank performance. The authors with the most published articles are Fakarudin Kamarudin, Fadzlan Sufian, and M. Kabir Hasan. The three keywords that appear the most are efficiency, Islamic banks, and risk. The author affiliation, namely the university with the most publications, is dominated by universities from Malaysia. Three of them are International Islamic University Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and University of Malaya. And the countries with the most publications related to related studies are Malaysia and Indonesia.
Time‐Dependent Cryospheric Longwave Surface Emissivity Feedback in the Community Earth System Model

Frozen and unfrozen surfaces exhibit different longwave surface emissivities with different spectral characteristics, and outgoing longwave radiation and cooling rates are reduced for unfrozen scenes relative to frozen ones. Here physically realistic modeling of spectrally resolved surface emissivity throughout the coupled model components of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) is advanced, and implications for model high‐latitude biases and feedbacks are evaluated. It is shown that despite a surface emissivity feedback amplitude that is, at most, a few percent of the surface albedo feedback amplitude, the inclusion of realistic, harmonized longwave, spectrally resolved emissivity information in CESM1.2. 2 reduces wintertime Arctic surface temperature biases from −7.2 ± 0.9 K to −1.1 ± 1.2 K, relative to observations. The bias reduction is most pronounced in the Arctic Ocean, a region for which Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) models exhibit the largest mean wintertime cold bias, suggesting that persistent polar temperature biases can be lessened by including this physically based process across model components. The ice emissivity feedback of CESM1.2. 2 is evaluated under a warming scenario with a kernel‐based approach, and it is found that emissivity radiative kernels exhibit water vapor and cloud cover dependence, thereby varying spatially and decreasing in magnitude over the course of the scenario from secular changes in atmospheric thermodynamics and cloud patterns. Accounting for the temporally varying radiative responses can yield diagnosed feedbacks that differ in sign from those obtained from conventional climatological feedback analysis methods.
Characterization of microRNAs in Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain under Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection

Background Infection of bacterial Vibrio parahaemolyticus is common in mud crab farms. However, the mechanisms of the crab’s response to pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus infection are not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as regulators of gene expression and play essential roles in various biological processes. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the molecular immune response of the crab to the pathogens, high-throughput Illumina/Solexa deep sequencing technology was used to investigate the expression profiles of miRNAs in S . paramamosain under V. parahaemolyticus infection. Methodology/Principal Findings Two mixed RNA pools of 7 tissues (intestine, heart, liver, gill, brain, muscle and blood) were obtained from V. parahaemolyticus infected crabs and the control groups, respectively. By aligning the sequencing data with known miRNAs, we characterized 421 miRNA families, and 133 conserved miRNA families in mud crab S . paramamosain were either identical or very similar to existing miRNAs in miRBase. Stem-loop qRT-PCRs were used to scan the expression levels of four randomly chosen differentially expressed miRNAs and tissue distribution. Eight novel potential miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis and the precursors of these novel miRNAs were verified by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing in S . paramamosain . 161 miRNAs (106 of which up-regulated and 55 down-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed during the challenge and the potential targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. Furthermore, we demonstrated evolutionary conservation of mud crab miRNAs in the animal evolution process. Conclusions/Significance In this study, a large number of miRNAs were identified in S . paramamosain when challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, some of which were differentially expressed. The results show that miRNAs might play some important roles in regulating gene expression in mud crab under V. parahaemolyticus infection, providing a basis for further investigation of miRNA-modulating networks in innate immunity of mud crab.
Adulteration of Brain Health (Cognitive, Mood, and Sleep Enhancement) Food Supplements by the Addition of Pharmaceutical Drugs: A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches and Trends

In recent years, the consumption of dietary supplements has grown worldwide, particularly in developed regions. However, this growing market has also become a prime target for adulteration practices, with some manufacturers illegally adding pharmaceuticals into plant-based food supplements (PFS) to enhance their effects. While extensive research has focused on detecting adulterant drugs in PFS tailored for improving sexual performance, weight loss, and muscle building, less attention has been given to supplements intended for mood enhancement, sleep aid, and cognitive function (nootropics). Nonetheless, recent reports indicate an increasing level of adulteration within this group of PFS. Therefore, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview on the adulteration of PFS tailored for brain health, with a focus on the analytical techniques utilized for detection while also presenting data on consumption patterns and the prevalence of reported adulterants. Considering that the detection of such fraudulent practices primarily relies on chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), the developments in this field comprising either targeted or untargeted analysis of pharmaceutical adulterants are discussed.
Evolution of Bacterial Consortia in Spontaneously Started Rye Sourdoughs during Two Months of Daily Propagation

The evolution of bacterial consortia was studied in six semi-solid rye sourdoughs during long-term backslopping at different temperatures. Each rye sourdough was started spontaneously in a laboratory (dough yield 200), propagated at either 20°C or 30°C, and renewed daily at an inoculation rate of 1∶10 for 56 days. The changes in bacterial diversity over time were followed by both DGGE coupled with partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and pyrosequencing of bar-coded 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Four species from the genus Lactobacillus (brevis, crustorum, plantarum, and paralimentarius) were detected in different combinations in all sourdoughs after 56 propagation cycles. Facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria dominated in sourdoughs fermented at 30°C, while both obligate and facultative heterofermentative LAB were found to dominate in sourdoughs fermented at 20°C. After 56 propagation cycles, Kazachstania unispora (formerly Saccharomyces unisporus) was identified as the only yeast species that dominated in sourdoughs fermented at 20°C, while different combinations of strains from four yeast species (Kazachstania unispora, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata) were detected in sourdoughs propagated at 30°C. The evolution of bacterial communities in sourdoughs fermented at the same temperature did not follow the same time course and changes in the composition of dominant and subdominant bacterial communities occurred even after six weeks of backslopping.
Time‐dependent changes in volcanic inflation rate near Three Sisters, Oregon, revealed by InSAR

An extensive area near the Three Sisters volcanic center, Oregon, has been actively uplifting since 1996. In this study we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to assess the Three Sisters uplift in time and space from 1992 through 2010. We present the first InSAR line‐of‐sight time series of the deformation, refine the onset of volcanic intrusive activity, assess the changes in deformation through time, and determine whether inflation is still occurring. We model InSAR data to determine the source geometry that best describes the uplift and create an inflation time series of the deformation. Our results reveal an intrusion, located at ∼5–7 km depth with a cumulative volume of magma of ∼5–7 × 107 m3 as of fall 2010. The input of magma started gradually around the summer of 1996, increased significantly from 1998 to 2003, and then decreased in rate from 2004 through 2010. We present evidence that a swarm in 2004 was associated with the decrease in the source inflation rate.
The Liquid Lift: Looking Natural Without Lumps

Context: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the most common filler used to rejuvenate. Today, a three-dimensional approach prevails over previous techniques in which this material was used in specific areas of the face such as the nasolabial fold, the marionette line, and the eye trough giving a strange appearance that does not look natural. Even with a volumizing purpose, the injection of HA can sometimes produce clinically detectable nodules or lumps where the filler is deposited. Aims: To develop a new technique of injecting HA that can provide more natural results and avoid the lumpiness and nodular appearance that sometimes occurs with the injection of HA. To detect whether mixing HA with diluted anesthetic agent modifies its behavior. Settings and Design: Prospective, case control, single-center study on a private clinic setting. Materials and Methods: Eighty six patients were enrolled in this study. All of them had a previous treatment with nondiluted HA using a needle at least a year before. Patients were injected with 8 mL of reticulated HA (RHA) mixed with 6 mL of saline and 2 mL of anesthetic agent. The mixture was administered through a cannula inserted in the face, one at mid-cheek and another at frontal-temporal point of entry. Owing to the lifting effect of this mixture we called this procedure liquid lift (LL). Patients were evaluated 1 month, 6 months, and a year later and asked to compare the LL with previous experiences in terms of natural look, pain, and appearance of nodules. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test. Results: One month after the treatment, 83 out of 86 patients (96.5%) thought LL produced a more natural look than the previous treatment with the needle. Sixty two (72%) considered LL less painful than the previous treatment and only eight (9.3%) could detect lumps or nodules 1 month after LL was performed compared with 46 (53.5%) that described this problem with previous needle injections. The incidence of bruising was also clearly lower (7% with LL vs 17.4% with traditional needle). Conclusions: Injection of diluted HA with saline and anesthetic agents through a cannula all over the face or LL can provide more natural results and less lumps or nodules, and is less painful than traditional treatments involving needle injection of nondiluted HA.