Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Paper: Text Categorization Models for High-Quality Article Retrieval in Internal Medicine

OBJECTIVE Finding the best scientific evidence that applies to a patient problem is becoming exceedingly difficult due to the exponential growth of medical publications. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning techniques to automatically identify high-quality, content-specific articles for one time period in internal medicine and compare their performance with previous Boolean-based PubMed clinical query filters of Haynes et al. DESIGN The selection criteria of the ACP Journal Club for articles in internal medicine were the basis for identifying high-quality articles in the areas of etiology, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Naive Bayes, a specialized AdaBoost algorithm, and linear and polynomial support vector machines were applied to identify these articles. MEASUREMENTS The machine learning models were compared in each category with each other and with the clinical query filters using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 11-point average recall precision, and a sensitivity/specificity match method. RESULTS In most categories, the data-induced models have better or comparable sensitivity, specificity, and precision than the clinical query filters. The polynomial support vector machine models perform the best among all learning methods in ranking the articles as evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve and 11-point average recall precision. CONCLUSION This research shows that, using machine learning methods, it is possible to automatically build models for retrieving high-quality, content-specific articles using inclusion or citation by the ACP Journal Club as a gold standard in a given time period in internal medicine that perform better than the 1994 PubMed clinical query filters.
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Kidney Transplant Patients

Background Kidney transplantation (RTx) leads to amelioration of endothelial function in patients with advanced renal failure. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may play a key role in this repair process. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of RTx and immunosuppressive therapy on the number of circulating EPCs. Methods We analyzed 52 RTx patients (58±13 years; 33 males, mean ± SD) and 16 age- and gender-matched subjects with normal kidney function (57±17; 10 males). RTx patients received a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based (65%) or a CNI-free therapy (35%) and steroids. EPC number was determined by double positive staining for CD133/VEGFR2 and CD34/VEGFR2 by flow cytometry. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1) levels were assessed by ELISA. Experimentally, to dissociate the impact of RTx from the impact of immunosuppressants, we used the 5/6 nephrectomy model. The animals were treated with a CNI-based or a CNI-free therapy, and EPCs (Sca+cKit+) and CD26+ cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results Compared to controls, circulating number of CD34+/VEGFR2+ and CD133+/VEGFR2+ EPCs increased in RTx patients. There were no correlations between EPC levels and statin, erythropoietin or use of renin angiotensin system blockers in our study. Indeed, multivariate analysis showed that SDF-1 – a cytokine responsible for EPC mobilization – is independently associated with the EPC number. 5/6 rats presented decreased EPC counts in comparison to control animals. Immunosuppressive therapy was able to restore normal EPC values in 5/6 rats. These effects on EPC number were associated with reduced number of CD26+ cells, which might be related to consequent accumulation of SDF-1. Conclusions We conclude that kidney transplantation and its associated use of immunosuppressive drugs increases the number of circulating EPCs via the manipulation of the CD26/SDF-1 axis. Increased EPC count may be associated to endothelial repair and function in these patients.
“Save Angels Perhaps”: A Critical Examination of Unconscious Thought Theory and the Deliberation-Without-Attention Effect

Based on Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT) and a series of experimental and correlational studies, Dijksterhuis and his colleagues conclude that when making complex choices/decisions, conscious thought—deliberation while attention is directed at the problem—leads to poorer choices/decisions than “unconscious thought”—deliberation in the absence of conscious attention directed at the problem. UTT comprises six principles said to apply to decision making, impression formation, attitude formation and change, problem solving, and creativity. Because the implications of UTT for psychological research and theory are considerable, the authors critically examined these six principles (and the studies used to support them) in light of the extant scholarship on unconscious processes, memory, attention, and social cognition. Our examination reveals that UTT is a theory of the unconscious that fails to take into account important work in cognitive psychology, particularly in the judgment and decision making area. Moreover, established literatures in social psychology that contradict fundamental tenets of UTT and its empirical basis are ignored. The authors conclude that theoretical and experimental deficiencies undermine the claims of the superiority of unconscious thinking as portrayed by UTT.
Electricity Markets and Power System Economics

Introduction Demand and Supply Market Equilibrium Price Elasticity and Competitive Market Economy of Scale and Natural Monopoly Brief History of Electricity Markets Fundamentals of Power System Operation Economic Dispatch Load Flow Calculation Load Flow under Outages Fundamentals of Constrained Optimization Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch Load Frequency Control Spinning Reserve Generation Scheduling Calculation of Transfer Capabilities of Transmission Interfaces Overview of Power System Operation Market Design: Spot Energy Market Organization after Deregulation Uniform Pricing Nodal Pricing Multiple Block Bidding Demand Side Bidding Day-Ahead Market Ex-Post Spot Pricing Transmission Losses Bilateral Trading in United Kingdom Electricity Market Reform in California Market Design: Procurement of Ancillary Services Reserve Market AGC Market Energy, Reserve, and AGC Co-Optimization Market Compensation without Competition Market Design: Common Cost Allocations Background Transmission Costs Unit Start-Up Cost Peaking Cost Compensation Transmission Rights Microeconomic Analysis Background Fundamentals of Non-Cooperative Game Theory Game Models for Market Analysis Market Power Analysis Electricity Market Experiments Price Forecast and Risk Management Forecasting Electricity Prices Managing Price Risk
Towards Ideal Hop Counts in Interconnection Networks with Arbitrary Size

Designing low-latency network topologies of switches is a key objective for next-generation parallel computing platforms. Low latency is preconditioned on low hop counts, but existing network topologies have hop counts much larger than theoretical lower bounds. The degree diameter problem (DDP) has been studied for decades and consists in generating the largest possible graph given degree and diameter constraints, striving to approach theoretical upper bounds. To generate network topologies with low hop counts we propose using best known DDP solutions as starting points for generating topologies of arbitrary size. Using discrete-event simulation, we quantify the performance of representative parallel applications when executed on our proposed topologies, on previously proposed fully random topologies, and on a classical non-random topology.
Hungarian ‘ focus position ’ and English it-clefts : the semantic underspecification of ‘ focus ’ readings

Analyses of the so-called ‘focus position’ of Hungarian hav e been influential in the development of discourse-semantic and syntactic theories, b ut have generally failed to consider contextualised, naturally-occurring data, despite the discourse-related nature of the phenomenon. We re-address the semantics of this position, u sing data drawn from the Hungarian National Corpus alongside arguments from introspec tive judgements. As part of this, we investigate the precise extent to which a commonly assume d parallelism between the Hungarian ‘focus position’ and the English it-cleft holds. The combined evidence calls into question conventional analyses, whereby a dedicated synta ctic projection introduces a semantic operator that creates either an exhaustiveor identificational (i.e. presuppositional) reading, and also contradicts any attempt to account for the supposed cross-linguistic parallel by providing a common underlying semantics for the ‘fo cus position’ and theit-cleft. We argue that, while an identificational analysis may suffice for the it-cleft, only a significantly underspecified semantics could capture the range of interpretations associated with the ‘focus position’; we suggest that a predicativeanalysis (́ E. Kiss 2004, 2005 a; Wedgwood 2005, to appear) is of the right kind. In addition, the data in dicate that at least some uses of this position are primarily motivated by the possibility of exploiting its prosodic character (Szendrői 2001, 2003). This also necessitates an underspe cified semantic analysis.
Genomic patterns of diversity and divergence of two introduced salmonid species in Patagonia, South America

Invasive species have become widespread in aquatic environments throughout the world, yet there are few studies that have examined genomic variation of multiple introduced species in newly colonized environments. In this study, we contrast genomic variation in two salmonid species (anadromous Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 11,579 SNPs and resident Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis, 13,522 SNPs) with differing invasion success after introduction to new environments in South America relative to populations from their native range in North America. Estimates of genetic diversity were not significantly different between introduced and source populations for either species, indicative of propagule pressure that has been shown to maintain diversity in founding populations relative to their native range. Introduced populations also demonstrated higher connectivity and gene flow than those in their native range. Evidence for candidate loci under divergent selection was observed, but was limited to specific introduced populations and was not widely evident. Patterns of genomic variation were consistent with general dispersal potential of each species and therefore also the notion that life history variation may contribute to both invasion success and subsequent genetic structure of these two salmonids in Patagonia.
Is Galactic Star-Formation Activity Increased during Cluster Mergers?

We have investigated the effect of pressure from the intracluster medium on disk galaxies in merging clusters. The ram-pressure on the galaxies rapidly increases when two clusters collide. This leads to stripping of the interstellar medium (ISM) and a decrease in the star-formation rate (SFR) of the galaxies. On the other hand, the increase of the SFR caused by compression of the ISM is less significant. Thus, a cluster merger does not trigger, but weakens, the star-formation activity of galaxies. In the central region of colliding clusters, blue galaxies with high velocity should exist, although most galaxies become red. Following a decrease in the blue galaxy fraction in clusters, the fraction of post-starburst galaxies increases. After a merger, many galaxies in the cluster restart star-formation activity and the segregation of blue and red galaxies becomes prominent.
Dynamic Behavioral Mixed-Membership Model for Large Evolving Networks

The majority of real-world networks are dynamic and extremely large (e.g., Internet Traffic, Twitter, Facebook, .). To understand the structural behavior of nodes in these large dynamic networks, it may be necessary to model the dynamics of behavioral roles representing the main connectivity patterns over time. In this paper, we propose a dynamic behavioral mixed-membership model (DBMM) that captures the roles of nodes in the graph and how they evolve over time. Unlike other node-centric models, our model is scalable for analyzing large dynamic networks. In addition, DBMM is flexible, parameter-free, has no functional form or parameterization, and is interpretable (identifies explainable patterns). The performance results indicate our approach can be applied to very large networks while the experimental results show that our model uncovers interesting patterns underlying the dynamics of these networks.
The dual effect of context on memory of related and unrelated themes: Discrimination at encoding and cue at retrieval

The influence of contextual factors on encoding and retrieval in recognition memory was investigated using a retroactive interference paradigm. Participants were randomly assigned to four context conditions constructed by manipulating types of presentation modality (pictures vs words) for study, interference, and test stages, respectively (ABA, ABB, AAA, & AAB). In Experiment 1 we presented unrelated items in the study and interference stages, while in Experiment 2 each stage contained items from the same semantic category. The results demonstrate a dual role for context in memory processes—at encoding as well as at retrieval. In Experiment 1 there is a hierarchical order between the four context conditions, depending on both target–test and target–interference contextual similarity. Adding a categorical context in Experiment 2 helped to specify each list and therefore better distinguish between target and interferer information, and in some conditions compensated for their perceptual similarity.
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2: An Update on Clinical Aspects, Genetic and Pathomolecular Mechanism

Abstract Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common adult muscular dystrophy, characterized by autosomal dominant progressive myopathy, myotonia and multiorgan involvement. To date two distinct forms caused by similar mutations have been identified. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1, Steinert’s disease) is caused by a (CTG)n expansion in DMPK, while myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is caused by a (CCTG)n expansion in CNBP. Despite clinical and genetic similarities, DM1 and DM2 are distinct disorders. The pathogenesis of DM is explained by a common RNA gain-of-function mechanism in which the CUG and CCUG repeats alter cellular function, including alternative splicing of various genes. However additional pathogenic mechanism like changes in gene expression, modifier genes, protein translation and micro-RNA metabolism may also contribute to disease pathology and to clarify the phenotypic differences between these two types of myotonic dystrophies. This review is an update on the latest findings specific to DM2, including explanations for the differences in clinical manifestations and pathophysiology between the two forms of myotonic dystrophies.
Conditional mixing statistics in a self-similar scalar mixing layer

Conditional scalar mixing statistics from a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a scalar mixing layer are presented in the context of modeling nonpremixed turbulent combustion. The simulation is closely matched to a particular laboratory experiment but with slight adjustments so that the simulated flow is very nearly self-similar. All statistics commonly used in mixing models are presented, along with comparisons to models and laboratory data where available. A model for the conditional scalar dissipation rate (CSD), recently introduced by Mortensen ["Consistent modeling of scalar mixing for presumed multiple parameter probability density functions," Phys. Fluids 17, 018106 (2005)], is tested against the data set, as is a Lagrangian stochastic trajectory technique recently published by Sawford ["Conditional scalar mixing statistics in homogenous isotropic turbulence," New J. Phys. 6, 1 (2004)]. It is concluded that (i) the DNS data set provides an excellent, high-resolution description of the scalar mixing layer that can be used for developing and verifying models for scalar mixing; (ii) the self-consistent CSD model of Mortensen is necessary for consistent implementations of the conditional moment closure, but for the current flow it gives only small adjustments to the more commonly adopted model of Girimaji ["On the modeling of scalar diffusion in isotropic turbulence," Phys. Fluids A 4, 2529 (1992)]; and (iii) Sawford's Lagrangian technique very closely predicts the DNS results.
Work and Wage Dynamics Around Childbirth

This study investigates how the first childbirth affects the wage processes of highly attached women. We estimate a flexible fixed effects wage regression model extended with post-birth fixed effects by the control function approach. Register data on West Germany are used and we exploit the expansionary family policy during the late 1980s and 1990s for identification. On the return to work after the birth, mothers' wages drop by 3 to 5.7 per cent per year of leave. We find negative selection back to full-time work after birth. We discuss policy implications regarding statistical discrimination and results on family gap.
Tumor Subtype-Specific Associations of Hormone-Related Reproductive Factors on Breast Cancer Survival

Purpose It is inconclusive whether reproductive factors, which are known as risk factors of breast cancer, also influence survival. We investigated overall and subtype-specific associations between reproductive factors and breast cancer survival. Methods Among 3,430 incident breast cancer patients who enrolled in the Seoul Breast Cancer Study, 269 patients (7.8%) died and 528 patients (15.4%) recurred. The overall and subtype-specific associations of reproductive factors including age at menarche and menopause, duration of estrogen exposure, menstrual cycle, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy, number of children, age at last birth, time since the last birth, and duration of breastfeeding, on overall and disease-free survival (OS and DFS) were estimated by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results An older age at menarche (HR for OS=1.10, 95% CI=1.03-1.19), a greater number of children (≥4 vs. 2, HR for DFS=1.58, 95% CI=1.11-2.26), and a shorter time since last birth (<5 vs. ≥20 years, HR for DFS=1.67, 95% CI=1.07-2.62) were associated with worse survival while longer duration of estrogen exposure with better survival (HR for DFS=0.97, 95% CI=0.96-0.99). In the stratified analyses by subtypes, those associations were more pronounced among women with hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HR+ HER2+) tumors. Conclusions It is suggested that reproductive factors, specifically age at menarche, number of children, time since last birth, and duration of estrogen exposure, could influence breast tumor progression, especially in the HR+ HER2+ subtype.
Reporting and methodological quality of meta-analyses in urological literature

Purpose To assess the overall quality of published urological meta-analyses and identify predictive factors for high quality. Materials and Methods We systematically searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses published from January 1st, 2011 to December 31st, 2015 in 10 predetermined major paper-based urology journals. The characteristics of the included meta-analyses were collected, and their reporting and methodological qualities were assessed by the PRISMA checklist (27 items) and AMSTAR tool (11 items), respectively. Descriptive statistics were used for individual items as a measure of overall compliance, and PRISMA and AMSTAR scores were calculated as the sum of adequately reported domains. Logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors for high qualities. Results A total of 183 meta-analyses were included. The mean PRISMA and AMSTAR scores were 22.74 ± 2.04 and 7.57 ± 1.41, respectively. PRISMA item 5, protocol and registration, items 15 and 22, risk of bias across studies, items 16 and 23, additional analysis had less than 50% adherence. AMSTAR item 1, “a priori” design, item 5, list of studies and item 10, publication bias had less than 50% adherence. Logistic regression analyses showed that funding support and “a priori” design were associated with superior reporting quality, following PRISMA guideline and “a priori” design were associated with superior methodological quality. Conclusions Reporting and methodological qualities of recently published meta-analyses in major paper-based urology journals are generally good. Further improvement could potentially be achieved by strictly adhering to PRISMA guideline and having “a priori” protocol.
Identifying dominant models when the noise context is known

In many machine learning applications the quality of features during deployment is worse than during training, as more effort and care is usually invested for the purpose of training a good model. In this paper, we consider the situation when this degradation (or noise) depends on a context whose value can be known during deployment. In this case, we can anticipate how a model will behave during deployment for different noise contexts. We introduce context plots for this, with the error on the y-axis and the level of noise on the x-axis. From these plots we can determine the dominance regions for a set of models and discard those models that are not optimal for any noise context. We perform some experiments on several classification and regression problems that show that the dominance regions can be well identified, leading to better decisions than those if the best model (without noise) is used.
Student and Youth Tourism: A Case Study from Vietnam

This paper identifies travelling patterns and motivational factors among college students. In addition, several determinants in touristic decision-making process are assessed in regard to their importance. A mixed research method including focus group and survey was employed. The data on which this paper is based were collected from 231 students through questionnaires. Travelling patterns of students in terms of travelling frequency, time, average duration, spending, and companions are described. Besides, the result reveals that push factors dominate pull factors in motivating the youth to travel. Finally, the findings show that young tourists are concerned with safety level at the destination in terms of theft, robbery, assault… the most. Regarding commercial tour, transportation means, accommodation, and foods provided by travel operators during the trip are the main factors affecting students’ choice of a tourism package. The main limitation of the research relates to sample size. As regard to practical implications, in order to attract student tourists and make profits, travel agencies and service providers at tourism destinations need to understand their concerns, therefrom to develop plans to meet their requirements.
Credit Migration and Covered Interest Rate Parity

I document economically large and persistent discrepancies in the pricing of credit risk between corporate bonds denominated in different currencies. This violation of the Law-of-One-Price (LOOP) in credit risk is closely aligned with violations of covered interest rate parity in the time series and the cross-section of currencies. I explain this phenomenon with a model of market segmentation. Post-crisis regulations and intermediary frictions have severely impaired arbitrage in the exchange rate and credit markets each on their own, but capital flows, either currency-hedged investment or debt issuance, bundle together the two LOOP violations. Limits of arbitrage spill over from one market to another.