Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Hospitalized Patients with Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections at a Regional Hospital in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND Community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection encountered at hospitals. Effective empirical antibiotic therapy relies on updated epidemiological data. AIM We described the epidemiology of patients with urosepsis presenting to a community hospital in Taiwan in order to assess the appropriateness of empirical therapy. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adult patients with UTI from January 1 to December 31 in 2010. The clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of antibiotic resistance. FINDINGS A total of 420 consecutive patients with 599 isolates were identified. Most patients were >=65 years old and women (75.4%), and 114 patients (27.1%) had bacteremia. Escherichia coli (69%) was the most common organism. Cefazolin was effective against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis in greater than 80% of the cases. In male patients, urinary catheter and renal stone were independent predictors for cefazolin resistance; while diabetes mellitus and malignancy were predictors among female patients. CONCLUSION Patients admitted with UTI should be screened to identify risk factors for bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance. The treatment guideline in Taiwan needs to be revised in the current era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.
Foreign Direct Investment: Agglomeration Economies and Returns to Promotion Expenditures

The effect of a state's financial incentives to attract foreign direct investments (FDI) is a frequent topic for both economists and policy makers. Many studies have shown that FDI are disproportionately concentrated in states with agglomeration economies. This paper uses a conditional logit model with FDI (new plants) data from 1987-1994 to explore the relationship between state efforts, state characteristics, and FDI attraction. Key results show that both promotion expenditures and agglomeration economies are important in attracting foreign plants. Results also indicate that promotion expenditures by states with small economies can partially offset location disadvantages of agglomeration (urbanization and/or localization) economies and thus appear to be a useful economic development tool as states compete for investment.
The employment and hours of work effects of the changing National Minimum Wage

This report is about the employment impacts of National Minimum Wage (NMW) rises in the period 2001-2006. This was a period where the NMW rose substantially in excess of average earnings. The report presents results based on analysis of individual Labour Force Survey (LFS) data and Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) data together with local area analysis. The focus of the analysis is threefold. First, it investigates changes in wages as a response to increases in the NMW. Second, it analyses employment to see if changes in the NMW influenced individual job retention and job exit, job entry, local area employment and unemployment rates. Third, it focusses on analysis of hours worked to see if employers changed hours worked as a response to changes in the NMW.
Why Should I Care? Dimensions of Socio-Emotional Cognition in Younger-Onset Dementia.

BACKGROUND Skills such as empathy and emotion recognition rely on a multi-dimensional socio-emotional system. Increasingly, evidence suggests that socio-emotional cognition is affected in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), to varying degrees. However, the specific dimensions of socio-emotional behavior and their neuroanatomical correlates have been relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to: (i) determine how different dimensions of socio-emotional cognition are affected in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD), and AD; (ii) investigate insight into socio-emotional cognition; (iii) identify the neural correlates subserving dimensions of socio-emotional cognition. METHODS Sixteen bvFTD, 15 SD, 10 AD patients, and 17 controls were included. Each participant and a nominated 'informant' completed the socio-emotional questionnaire; a 30-item rating scale assessing five dimensions of socio-emotional cognition (empathy, emotion recognition, social conformity, antisocial behavior, sociability). RESULTS SD and bvFTD participants were rated lower on measures of empathy and emotion recognition compared to AD participants and Controls, while other dimensions were relatively intact. In contrast, participants with AD were rated similarly to Controls across all dimensions. SD and bvFTD groups demonstrated reduced insight into socio-emotional dysfunction. Grey matter intensity in the temporal regions correlated with empathy and emotion recognition. Social conformity was associated with the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. CONCLUSION Distinct profiles in typically presenting bvFTD, SD, and AD illustrate preliminary evidence of the utility of socio-emotional cognition in diagnostic clarification. This is an important starting point in understanding socio-emotional functioning in younger-onset dementia, paving the way for targeted management and interventions.
Strategic Search Diversion, Product Affiliation and Platform Competition

Platforms use search diversion in order to trade off total consumer traffic for higher revenues derived by exposing consumers to products other than the ones that best fit their preferences. Our analysis yields three key and novel insights regarding search diversion incentives, which have direct implications for platforms’ strategies and empirical predictions. First, platforms that charge positive access fees to consumers have weaker incentives to divert search relative to platforms that cannot (or choose not to) charge such fees. Second, endogenizing the affiliation of products that consumers are not interested in (advertising) leads to stronger incentives to divert search relative to the exogenous affiliation (vertical integration) benchmark, whenever the marginal product yields higher profits per consumer exposure relative to the average product. Third, the effect of platform competition on search diversion incentives depends on the nature of competition. Competition for advertising leads to more search diversion relative to competition for consumers. Both types of competition lead to at least as much search diversion as a monopoly platform. Nevertheless, in the case of competing platforms, the equilibrium level of search diversion increases with the degree of horizontal differentiation between platforms.
Foundations of equity market leverage effects

This thesis examines the Leverage Effect in stocks, stock indices and stock options. The Leverage Effect refers to the observed negative correlation between an asset’s return and its volatility. Part I presents an examination of the Leverage Effect at the stock level. The research provides the first investigation of stock returns, volatility and trading volumes from an information theoretic perspective. It finds support for trading volumes as an explanation for the stock level Leverage Effect and shows that index returns are also an important factor. It also analyses how trading behaviour is influenced by an investor’s risk preference and how this relates to return-volume correlation. Predictions of an analytical model of trading behaviour are verified empirically using a range of stocks and institutional trades in S&P500 stocks. Part II examines the Leverage Effect at the index level. The research supports previous findings that the Leverage Effect is far larger at the index level and decays more quickly. Again using an information theoretic analysis, it shows that it is driven by a combination of trading volumes and an asymmetric relationship between index returns and stock return correlations. Part III examines the time variation of the Leverage Effect at the stock and index levels. It shows that they are both time dependent and discusses the relationship between the stock and index levels. It also documents changes in market behaviour since the 2008 financial crisis. Part IV examines the Leverage Effect in stock options by developing a descriptive statistical model of implied volatility using multivariate q-Gaussian distributions. This is the first research to show that implied volatility can be modelled using q-Gaussian distributions and provides a tool for trading and risk management. It also shows how the multivariate q-Gaussian distribution could be used to generate virtual data for scenario testing and option pricing using a simple Markov Chain or Auto-regressive process. Finally PartV presents the conclusions of the thesis and avenues for future research.
From sports clubs to stock companies: The financial structure of football in Spain, 1992–2001

In this paper we study the financial structure of professional football in Spain during the last decade. In 1992, all the football clubs in Spain with the exception of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona, Osasuna and Real Madrid, became stock companies, obtaining extra money from Spanish football pools to cancel their debts. Five years later, the clubs signed new individual contracts with television operators and received new revenues from these agreements. For the second time, the old solution of obtaining a large cash injection did not solve the clubs’ financial problems. Instead, new circumstances appeared. Transfer fees and players’ wages were increasing substantially, clubs were spending money from future revenues and balance sheets were based on intangible fixed assets. This situation has meant that for some clubs it will be difficult to survive in professional football in Spain.
CEO Pay Contracts and IFRS Reconciliations

Abstract We examine whether UK managers exploit the discretion provided in the UK GAAP to IFRS reconciliation process to manage earnings and whether this earnings management is associated with the structure of the managers' compensation contracts. We use a comprehensive data set of mainly hand-collected information from the firms' annual reports to provide evidence that, given the existence of an accounting-related vesting target in their pay schemes, CEOs use UK GAAP to IFRS reconciliations as an earnings management tool. We test our hypotheses under a number of different specifications, including a propensity score matching analysis. Our study contributes to the literature on the relation between earnings management and contractual incentives by focusing on a major structural change in accounting policies.
The managed heart: the commercialisation of human feeling – and its dangers

Defines the term emotional labour and considers the way staff handle their emotions and how feelings are taken into account in order to react to situations. Looks at the types of role which involve emotional labour and the human cost which can be paid by the individual. Considers the way companies sell such aspects of their service and the difficulties faced by employees who are asked to carry out such roles.
First Observation of Hemoglobin G-Waimanalo and Hemoglobin Fontainebleau Cases in the Turkish Population

Duran Canatan1,2, Turker Bilgen3, Vildan Ciftci1, Gulsum Yazici1, Serpil Delibas2, Ibrahim Keser4 1Antalya Genetic Diagnostic Center, Antalya, Turkey 2Hemoglobinopathy Diagnostic Center of Mediterranean Blood Diseases Foundation, Antalya, Turkey 3Namik Kemal University Research and Application Center for Scientific and Technological Investigations, Tekirdag, Turkey 4Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology and Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
The Process of Care in Preventive In‐Home Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of care of a program of in‐home comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and to determine: (1) if there are major findings in all domains of CGA (medical, functional, mental health, and social/ environmental), (2) if there is a continued clinical yield when CGA is repeated annually, and (3) factors that affect patient adherence with recommendations from CGA.
Reasons for Not Reporting Victimizations to the Police: Do They Vary for Physical and Sexual Incidents?

Victimization is a significant problem among college students, but it is less likely to be reported to the police than are victimizations in the general population. Objective: In this study, the authors examined (1) whether reasons for not reporting varied by type of victimization (sexual or physical) and (2) victim-, offender-, and incident-related predictors of these reasons. Participants: To address these objectives, the authors used data collected from 492 female college students. Methods: The authors recruited women via flyers placed around campus that asked them to come to the student health center to complete anonymous surveys. Results: Findings from within-subject analyses indicated that women were more likely to cite the following reasons for not reporting a sexual rather than a physical victimization: the incident would be viewed as their fault, they were ashamed, they did not want anyone to know about the incident, or they did not want the police involved. Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that the predictors of not reporting also varied across crime types. Conclusions: The authors discuss study implications for campus-based prevention strategies.
Differential regulation of the clusterin gene by Ha‐ras and c‐myc oncogenes and during apoptosis

Clusterin (ApoJ) is an extracellular glycoprotein expressed during processes of tissue differentiation and regression that involve programmed cell death (apoptosis). Increased clusterin expression has also been found in tumors, however, the mechanism underlying this induction is not known. Apoptotic processes in tumors could be responsible for clusterin gene activation. Alternatively, oncogenic mutations could modulate signal transduction, thereby inducing the gene. We examined the response of the rat clusterin gene to two oncogenes, Ha‐ras and c‐myc, in transfected Rat1 fibroblasts. While c‐myc overexpression did not modify clusterin gene activity, the Ha‐ras oncogene produced a seven to tenfold repression of clusterin mRNA; this down‐regulation was also observed in the presence of c‐myc. Since no induction of the clusterin gene was observed by the two oncogenes, we tested the alternative mechanism involving apoptosis. Growth factor withdrawal induced apoptosis, as shown by DNA degradation and micronuclei formation in the floating cells. Concomittantly we observed a three to tenfold increase in the amount of clusterin mRNA in the adhering cells of Rat1 and the c‐myc transformed cell lines, and a weaker induction in the Ha‐ras transformed cell line. On the basis of our results, we suggest that clusterin gene induction in the vital cells is produced by signaling molecules that are generated by the apoptotic cells. We conclude that apoptotic processes, not oncogenic mutations, are responsible for increased clusterin expression in tumors. J Cell Physiol 177:593–605, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear Export of Phosphorylated Galectin-3 Regulates Its Antiapoptotic Activity in Response to Chemotherapeutic Drugs

ABSTRACT Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the β-galactoside binding protein family containing the NWGR antideath motif of the Bcl-2 protein family, is involved in various aspects of cancer progression. Previously, it has been shown that the antiapoptotic activity of Gal-3 is regulated by the phosphorylation at Ser6 by casein kinase 1 (CK1). Here we questioned how phosphorylation at Ser6 regulates Gal-3 function. We have generated serine-to-alanine (S6A) and serine-to-glutamic acid (S6E) Gal-3 mutants and transfected them into the BT-549 human breast carcinoma cell line, which does not express Gal-3. BT-549 cell clones expressing wild-type (wt) and mutant Gal-3 were exposed to chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. In response to the apoptotic insults, phosphorylated wt Gal-3 was exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and protected the BT-549 cells from drug-induced apoptosis while nonphosphorylated mutant Gal-3 neither was exported from the nucleus nor protected BT-549 cells from drug-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, increased the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of Gal-3 expressing BT-549 cells. These results suggest that Ser6 phosphoryaltion acts as a molecular switch for its cellular translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and, as a result, regulates the antiapoptotic activity of Gal-3.
Female manager career success: the importance of individual and organizational factors in South Korea

Our paper focuses on Asian female managers and the influence of individual and organizational factors on objective and subjective career success. We use a survey and interviews of female managers in South Korea post-1997 Asian financial crisis and pre-2008 global financial crisis. Importantly, we find male-dominated business and societal cultures stemming from the context to be crucial. The implications of our findings include the greater need to take into account the restraints on individual actions and the need for state and management support. We conclude that the role of context is too often underplayed and needs to be more fully addressed in analysis of female careers in not only Asia, but also more widely.
Melanosomal pH controls rate of melanogenesis, eumelanin/phaeomelanin ratio and melanosome maturation in melanocytes and melanoma cells.

The skin pigment melanin is produced in melanocytes in highly specialized organelles known as melanosomes. Melanosomes are related to the organelles of the endosomal/lysosomal pathway and can have a low internal pH. In the present study we have shown that melanin synthesis in human pigment cell lysates is maximal at pH 6.8. We therefore investigated the role of intramelanosomal pH as a possible control mechanism for melanogenesis. To do this we examined the effect of neutralizing melanosomal pH on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in 11 human melanocyte cultures and in 3 melanoma lines. All melanocyte cultures (9 of 9) from Caucasian skin as well as two melanoma cell lines with comparable melanogenic activity showed rapid (within 24 h) increases in melanogenesis in response to neutralization of melanosomal pH. Chemical analysis of total melanin indicated a preferential increase in eumelanin production. Electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of melanin and increased maturation of melanosomes in response to pH neutralization. In summary, our findings show that: (i) near neutral melanosomal pH is optimal for human tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis; (ii) melanin production in Caucasian melanocytes is suppressed by low melanosomal pH; (iii) the ratio of eumelanin/phaeomelanin production and maturation rate of melanosomes can be regulated by melanosomal pH. We conclude that melanosomal pH is an essential factor which regulates multiple stages of melanin production. Furthermore, since we have recently identified that pink locus product (P protein) mediates neutralization of melanosomal pH, we propose that P protein is a key control point for skin pigmentation. We would further propose that the wide variations in both constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation seen in the human population could be associated with the high degree of P-locus polymorphism.
Simultaneous Versus Sequential Penetrating Keratoplasty and Cataract Surgery

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty and cataract surgery with those of sequential surgery. Methods: Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients scheduled for simultaneous keratoplasty and cataract surgery and 23 eyes of 23 patients scheduled for sequential keratoplasty and secondary phacoemulsification surgery were recruited. Refractive error, regular and irregular corneal astigmatism determined by Fourier analysis, and endothelial cell loss were studied at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months after combined surgery in the simultaneous surgery group or after subsequent phacoemulsification surgery in the sequential surgery group. Results: At 3 and more months after surgery, mean refractive error was significantly greater in the simultaneous surgery group than in the sequential surgery group, although no difference was seen at 1 week. The refractive error at 12 months was within 2 D of that targeted in 15 eyes (39%) in the simultaneous surgery group and within 2 D in 16 eyes (70%) in the sequential surgery group; the incidence was significantly greater in the sequential group (P = 0.0344). The regular and irregular astigmatism was not significantly different between the groups at 3 and more months after surgery. No significant difference was also found in the percentage of endothelial cell loss between the groups. Conclusion: Although corneal astigmatism and endothelial cell loss were not different, refractive error from target refraction was greater after simultaneous keratoplasty and cataract surgery than after sequential surgery, indicating a better outcome after sequential surgery than after simultaneous surgery.
Overseas Investment in the Age of High Imperialism: The United Kingdom, 1850–1914. By Michael Edelstein. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. Pp. xiv, 367. $35.00 cloth, $15.00 paper

conception of urban development applied; it was the similarity of supply responses which produced an essentially homogeneous architectural style. If the houses were slightly differentiated according to income levels they still retained an outward unity of appearance which conveyed the impression of a coherently planned town. Neale develops the market argument to demonstrate that the social organization of space reflected income differentiation, and the characteristics of the various districts are investigated with incisive observations and quotations. The third level of writing is in a political dimension. This takes several forms. Arising directly from the approach through market forces is an implicit critique of capitalism based on the adverse distributional effects of trade cycle fluctuations on lower income groups. This develops further an earlier article by Neale on working-class living standards and poverty levels during industrialization and reasserts the temporary nature of real wage improvements. Other political strands are the interpretation of the Utopian philosophy and architectural designs of Bath's most renowned architect, John Wood, and, in the final two chapters, Bath's social consciousness and radical tradition (notably on electoral reform) in the first half of the nineteenth century, principally focusing on the political career of Bath Member of Parliament, John Roebuck. One reservation is that the work is not as fully integrated into British eighteenthcentury economic and social history as it might be, or as the dust jacket proclaims. Questions regarding the origins of the conspicuous consumption which formed the backbone of demand in eighteenth-century Bath are not addressed, and comparisons with other spas and leisure centers would have been valuable. Neale might also have discussed the social and sexual mores of eighteenth-century society more explicitly. Whatever these reservations the book adds significantly to the history of leisure. No doubt over 30 years Neale has forgone much leisure of his own as he did his meticulous research on Bath. His labors have not been in vain.