Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motor Cognition: What Actions Tell the Self

1. Representations for actions 1.1 Definitions 1.2 Neural models of action representations 1.3 Functional models of action representation 2. Imagined actions as a prototypical form of action representation 2.1 The kinematic content of motor images 2.2 Dynamic changes in physiological parameters during motor imagery 2.3 The functional anatomy of motor images 2.4 The consequences of the embodiment of action representations 3. Consciousness of self-produced actions and intentions 3.1 Consciousness of actions 3.2 Consciousness of intentions 4. The sense of agency and the self/other distinction 4.1 Sense of ownership and sense of agency in self-identification 4.2 The nature of the mechanism for self-identification 4.3 The problem of the self/other distinction 4.4 Failure of self-recognition/attribution mechanisms in pathological states 5. How do we perceive and understand the actions of others 5.1 The perception of faces and bodies 5.2 The perception of biological motion 5.3 The understanding of others' actions 5.4 Functional implications of the mirror system in motor cognition 5.5 The role of the mirror system in action imitation 6. The simulation hypothesis of motor cognition 6.1 Motor simulation: a hypothesis for explaining action representations 6.2 Motor cognition and social cognition 6.3 Motor simulation and language understanding Conclusion
Few remarks about symplectic filling

We show that any compact symplectic manifold $W,\omega$ with boundary embeds as a domain into a closed symplectic manifold, provided that there exists a contact plane $\xi$ on $\partial W$ which is weakly compatible with $\Omega$, i.e. the restriction $\omega|_\xi$ does not vanish and the contact orientation of $\partial W$ and its orientation as the boundary of the symplectic manifold $W$ coincide. This result provides a useful tool for new applications of Ozsv\'ath-Szab\'o and Seiberg-Witten Floer homology theories in 3-dimensional topology.
Graphical pan-genome analysis with compressed suffix trees and the Burrows-Wheeler transform

MOTIVATION Low-cost genome sequencing gives unprecedented complete information about the genetic structure of populations, and a population graph captures the variations between many individuals of a population. Recently, Marcus et al. proposed to use a compressed de Bruijn graph for representing an entire population of genomes. They devised an O(n log g) time algorithm called splitMEM that constructs this graph directly (i.e. without using the uncompressed de Bruijn graph) based on a suffix tree, where n is the total length of the genomes and g is the length of the longest genome. Since the applicability of their algorithm is limited to rather small datasets, there is a strong need for space-efficient construction algorithms. RESULTS We present two algorithms that outperform splitMEM in theory and in practice. The first implements a novel linear-time suffix tree algorithm by means of a compressed suffix tree. The second algorithm uses the Burrows-Wheeler transform to build the compressed de Bruijn graph in [Formula: see text] time, where σ is the size of the alphabet. To demonstrate the scalability of the algorithms, we applied it to seven human genomes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://www.uni-ulm.de/in/theo/research/seqana/.
Abnormalities in thyroid function in relatives of patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: lack of correlation with inheritance of HLA-B8.

Thyroid function, antithyroid antibodies and human major histocompatibility locus (HLA) antigens were studied in first-degree relatives (parents, siblings and children) of patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The particularly common abnormalities in Graves' relatives were positive antithyroid antibodies (25 of 74 cases, 34%) and supranormal thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (12 of 44 cases, 27%). Less common abnormalities were goiter (10 of 92 cases, 11%), ophthalmopathy (1 of 92 cases, 1.1%), non-suppressibility of 24 h thyroid radioiodine uptake (2 of 48 cases, 4.2%), elevated baseline serum TSH (4 of 80 cases, 5.0%), subnormal TSH response to TRH (2 of 44 cases, 4.5%) and detectable LATS-protector (3 of 47 cases, 6.4%). Thyroid uptake was non-suppressible in two of the three cases with LATS-protector; the remaining one had ophthalmopathy and normally suppressible thyroid uptake. Of the 14 relatives of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis included i.
After the Working-class Movement? An Essay on What's 'New' and What's 'Social' in the New Social Movements

In the earlv 1980s many social theorists claimed that the 'New Social Move ments' (NSMs) were the authentic social movements of our time This claim is discussed in relation to two traditions in the analysis of social movements. The 'American' tradition focuses on the single-issue movement of a protest and mobilizing character The 'European' tradition focuses on the relation between major societal changes and processes of class formation, the labour movement being the classic case. In the article the women's movement is discussed as a major cultural revolutionary movement, the different campaigns dealing with the new urban forms of socialized reproduction, housing, planning, etc , as movements for the defence of the 'real consumption', the green and environmentalist movements taking up the conflicting relation nature-society Is the relation between the NSMs and the new and growing social strata of students and employees within the welfare state, which make up their audience and activist core, to be understood as a parallel to the part played by the 'old' social movements in the making of the working class, the farmer class, etc? It is argued that there is no 'necessary' relationship between the societal changes and the NSMs, as there was between industrialization and the labour movement. The societal relations and changes around which the NSMs organize themselves - gender contradictions, socialization of reproduction, con tradictions in the forms of modern urban living, nature society - do not single out a new social force as their 'natural' counterpart. They are both more encompassing in their reach and more non-partisan in character. The most likely centre for a possible coalescence of a multitude of NSMs into a major social movement, if not in the class formative sense, is the societally basic relationship, nature-society The themes and issues raised by the NSMs can in the political process become articulated with existing political and social forces. The capacity of these forces and institutions to absorb the issues raised by the NSMs deter mine the possibility for the NSMs to emerge as a new major social force.
Transforming career in cross-cultural transition: the experience of non-western culture counsellor trainees

Following a qualitative research frame, this study used a narrative case study approach to describe and understand the life career experience of counsellor trainees from non-Western cultures (NWC). Eight individuals participated in the study and the major themes highlighting the turning points and critical plots of the eight individual narratives were synthesized into a general narrative. This general narrative reflected both the commonly shared and varied experiences and perspectives of these individuals during the transition period. Several theoretical and practical implications were generated from the study. Recommendations for future research were also addressed.
Decoding Trace Peak Behaviour - A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach

DNA sequence basecalling is commonly regarded as a solved problem, despite significant error rates being reflected in inaccuracies in databases and genome annotations. This has made measures of confidence of basecalls important, and fuzzy methods have recently been used to approximate confidence by responding to data quality at the calling position. We have demonstrated that variation in contextual sequencing trace data peak heights actively encodes novel information which can be used for basecalling and confidence estimation. Using neuro-fuzzy classifiers we are able to decode much of the hidden contextual information in two fuzzy rules per base and partially reveal its underlying behaviour. Those two fuzzy rules can satisfactory explain over 74% of data samples. The error rate is 6-7% higher on individual bases than when using classification trees, but the number of rules is reduced by a factor of 100. Compact comprehensible knowledge representation is achieved with the use of SANFIS which allows us to easily interpret the embedded knowledge. Finally, we propose a hybrid architecture based on SANFIS which achieves slightly better performance than a classification tree with significantly improved knowledge representation.
AN APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL STUDIES OF URINARY SEX HORMONES

In this paper I have attempted to show that serial psychological observations promote a dynamic process in which the relationship to the investigator not only facilitates the collection of data, but also modifies it in the process. The utilization of the awareness of this phenomenon in the interpretation and evaluation of material I have termed the psychological control study. This was applied to the study of correlations of psychological factors in relation to urinary sex hormone output, but has a wider application to psychological research. Psychiatric interviews occurring at times of hormonal pressure brought increased spontaneous production of material, relief of tension and improved social adjustment. In one instance this appeared to be associated with a conversion symptom produced or accentuated by the tension. Repeated observations on these relationships may throw important light on relation of symptoms to hormonal pressure, and have implications or psychotherapy in general. In the present study no.
Lack of a relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and asthma in adolescents.

BACKGROUND Decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with an increased prevalence and severity of asthma and a lower response to inhaled corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and asthma prevalence, severity, and response to asthma treatment. DESIGN Secondary analyses were conducted in 2 samples of adolescents 12-20 y of age: 1) NHANES 2001-2006 (n = 6487), a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of the US population, and 2) a cohort of inner-city adolescents with asthma managed prospectively for 46 wk with guidelines-based therapy in the Asthma Control Evaluation (ACE; n = 226) trial. RESULTS Mean (±SD) serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the NHANES and ACE samples were lower in African Americans than in non-African Americans (NHANES: 14.9 ± 6.5 compared with 23.0 ± 8.4 ng/mL, P < 0.0001; ACE: 11.2 ± 6.9 compared with 15.8 ± 7.1 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). In the NHANES sample, mean concentrations did not differ between participants without and with asthma (African Americans: 14.9 ± 6.4 compared with 15.0 ± 6.6 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.87; non-African Americans: 23.0 ± 8.5 compared with 23.6 ± 8.2 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.16). In the ACE models that used either a predefined cutoff (<20 ng/mL) or linear regression, 25(OH)D concentrations showed either no relation or minor contradictory correlations with indicators of asthma severity, treatment requirements, spirometry, or atopy/inflammation. CONCLUSION In 2 samples of adolescents, overall serum 25(OH)D concentrations were low and were not consistently associated with the presence of asthma, multiple asthma characteristics, asthma morbidity, or response to treatment. The ACE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0011441.
Evidentiality in language and cognition q,qq

What is the relation between language and thought? Specifically, how do linguistic and conceptual representations make contact during language learning? This paper addresses these questions by investigating the acquisition of evidentiality (the linguistic encoding of information source) and its relation to children’s evidential reasoning. Previous studies have hypothesized that the acquisition of evidentiality is complicated by the subtleness and abstractness of the underlying concepts; other studies have suggested that learning a language which systematically (e.g. grammatically) marks evidential categories might serve as a pacesetter for early reasoning about sources of information. We conducted experimental
A Study of Learning Pressure, Learning Attitudes, and Achievement among Macau Undergraduates

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among learning pressure, learning attitudes, and academic achievement of university students; specifically, Chinese undergraduates from three universities in Macau. Convenience sampling was used in the current study, and a total of 135 questionnaires were retrieved. We found a significant, moderate, and positive correlation between learning pressure and learning attitudes. We also found a negative correlation between learning pressure and academic achievement. The last correlation we found, between learning attitude and academic achievement, was positive and significant. When we regressed learning pressure and learning attitudes on academic achievement, the results showed that both variables were effective predictors of achievement.
Phenology, Canopy Aging and Seasonal Carbon Balance as Related to Delayed Winter Pruning of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese Grapevines

Manipulating or shifting annual grapevine growing cycle to offset limitations imposed by global warming is a must today, and delayed winter pruning is a tool to achieve it. However, no information is available about its physiological background, especially in relation to modifications in canopy phenology, demography and seasonal carbon budget. Mechanistic hypothesis underlying this work was that very late winter pruning (LWP) can achieve significant postponement of phenological stages so that ripening might occur in a cooler period and, concurrently, ripening potential can be improved due to higher efficiency and prolonged longevity of the canopy. Variability in the dynamics of the annual cycle was created in mature potted cv. Sangiovese grapevines subjected to either standard winter pruning (SWP) or late and very late winter pruning (LWP, VLWP) performed when apical shoots on the unpruned canes were at the stage of 2 and 7 unfolded leaves. Vegetative growth, phenology and canopy net CO2 exchange (NCER) were followed throughout the season. Despite LWP and VLWP induced a bud-burst delay of 17 and 31 days vs. SWP, the delay was fully offset at harvest for LWP and was reduced to 6 days in VLWP. LWP showed notably higher canopy efficiency as shorter time needed to reach maximum NCER/leaf area (22 days vs. 34 in SWP), highest maximum NCER/leaf area (+37% as compared to SWP) and higher NCER/leaf area rates from veraison to end of season. As a result, seasonal cumulated carbon in LWP was 17% higher than SWP. A negative functional relationship was also established between amount of leaf area removed at winter pruning and yield per vine and berry number per cluster. Although retarded winter pruning was not able to postpone late-season phenological stages under the warm conditions of this study, it showed a remarkable potential to limit yield while improving grape quality, thereby fostering the hypothesis that it could be used to replace time-consuming and costly cluster thinning. This preliminary study indicates that proper winter pruning date should be timed so as not to exceed the stage of two unfolded leaves.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Opinion Leadership: Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis Across Measurement Occasion and Informant Type

Influential individuals who shape the attitudes and behaviors of their peers are termed opinion leaders. The interpretability of research on opinion leadership, however, has frequently been hampered by the use of divergent instruments that follow either a domain-specific view of opinion leadership or a more domain-independent trait conceptualization. In two studies, multitrait-multimethod matrices are analyzed regarding the convergent and discriminant validity of both approaches. Study I (N = 407) demonstrates the stability of the opinion leadership scales over time and their discriminant validity to established measures in personality (e.g., extraversion) and attitudinal research (e.g., involvement). Study II (N = 185) replicates these results in the form of a multitrait-multiinformant design, demonstrating high convergence of self- and peer-assessments. However, different operationalizations of domain-independent opinion leadership displayed limited convergent validity, indicating that they capture diff.
The Effects of Watching Real Housewives of Atlanta on Attitudes about Sexuality and Relationships

The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of watching reality television on attitudes about gender, sexuality, and relationships. We focus on Real Housewives of Atlanta series which features an all–African American cast of upper middle and upper class women. Based on surveys with a national sample, we find that although most viewers do not report being directly influenced by watching Real Housewives of Atlanta, many convey modeling and an indirect internalization of sexual scripts shown and that many viewers admired the sexual confidence portrayed by the women on the show.
Assessment of Police Officer Recruiting and Testing Instruments

Abstract Unlike other professional fields, a vast majority of police departments have employed a variety of psychometric and behavioral measures to select highly qualified officers. Considering the unique nature of police work, police recruits are expected to be mentally stable, socially adaptable, and intellectually competent to perform a wide range of police tasks. However, the job-relatedness becomes a legal mandate to sustain the legality of police recruitment-related measures or requirements. This study examines the effects of testing results (e.g., the written test) and socio-demographic factors (e.g., race) on 420 candidates who participated in the police selection process at the Asheville Police Department, North Carolina, during the period of 1990-96. Results show that the decision-making process of police officer selection is primarily testing-oriented. In other words, police candidates who fail to achieve a satisfactory rating on any of the recruitment-related tests are less likely to be recrui.
Scenarios: Identifying Missing Objects and Actions by Means of Computational Linguistics

In industrial requirements documents natural language is the main presentation means. In such documents, system behavior is specified in the form of scenarios, written as a sequence of sentences in natural language. The scenarios are often incomplete: For the authors of requirements documents some facts are so obvious that they forget to mention them. This surely causes problems for the requirements analyst. This paper presents an approach that analyzes textual scenarios with the means of computational linguistics, identifies where communicating objects or whole actions are missing in the text, completes the missing information, and creates a message sequence chart (MSC) including the information missing in the textual scenario. Finally, this MSC is presented to the requirements analyst for validation. The paper presents also a case study in which scenarios from a requirement document based on industrial specifications were translated to MSCs. The case study shows the feasibility of the approach.
Mobile Payments in Emerging Markets

Mobile payments- payment services conducted via a mobile device-have been a key driver of socioeconomic development in emerging markets. Factors such as advancements in technology, socioeconomic conditions, and the high penetration rate of mobile devices are driving m-payment development in certain emerging markets. As Tom Standage noted in his “Virgin Territory” Economist article (17 Nov. 2011), it's “easier to use your mobile phone to pay for a taxi in Nairobi [Kenya's capital] than in New York. ” A well-developed m-payment ecosystem has evolved in Kenya that, as of February 2012, had over 18 million m-payment users. In the Asia Pacific, m-payment is expected to grow by 15 percent annually, reaching US$3.8 billion by 2015.2 Likewise, mobile banking in Africa is expected to reach US$22 billion by 2015.3 Table 1 presents some examples of m-payment systems in the emerging economies of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
An analytical algorithm for Selective Harmonic Elimination and efficient control in five-level inverters

Traditional methods, such as Modulating-Functios, Space-Vectors and Feedback Methods present the disadvantage of high residual harmonics. Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) generates trains of pulses such as the fundamental component of the resulting waveform has a specified frequency and amplitude while selected order harmonics are eliminated. To achieve this goal, a set of nonlinear equations must be solved. SHE offers many distinctive features including high quality of the output waveform, low switching frequency at fundamental frequency ratios, possibility to select the harmonics to be deleted and the ability to leave triplen harmonics uncontrolled. On the other side, the main drawbacks of SHE methods are their computational burden and the subsequent need of complicated hardware. This paper proposes a new analytical algorithm for SHE in a 5-level cascaded inverter. The proposed method transforms the trascendental system in a polinomial one resulting that analytical solution can be easy obtained using a typical Digital Signal Controller. The achievable results are demonstrated by both simulation and experimental results.
The T4bSS of Legionella features a two-step secretion pathway with an inner membrane intermediate for secretion of transmembrane effectors

To promote intracellular survival and infection, Legionella spp. translocate hundreds of effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells using a type IV b protein secretion system (T4bSS). T4bSS are well known to translocate soluble as well as transmembrane domain-containing effector proteins (TMD-effectors) but the mechanisms of secretion are still poorly understood. Herein we investigated the secretion of hydrophobic TMD-effectors, of which about 80 were previously reported to be encoded by L. pneumophila. A proteomic analysis of fractionated membranes revealed that TMD-effectors are targeted to and inserted into the bacterial inner membranes of L. pneumophila independent of the presence of a functional T4bSS. While the T4bSS chaperones IcmS and IcmW were critical for secretion of all tested TMD-effectors, they did not influence inner membrane targeting of these proteins. As for soluble effector proteins, translocation of TMD-effectors into host cells depended on a C-terminal secretion signal and this signal needed to be presented towards the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane. A different secretion behavior of TMD- and soluble effectors and the need for small periplasmic loops within TMD-effectors provided strong evidence that TMD-effectors are secreted in a two-step secretion process: Initially, an inner membrane intermediate is formed, that is extracted towards the cytoplasmic side, possibly by the help of the type IV coupling protein complex and subsequently secreted into eukaryotic host cells by the T4bSS core complex. Overall, our study highlights the amazing versatility of T4bSS to secrete soluble and TMD-effectors from different subcellular locations of the bacterial cell.