Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditing, Expertise and the Sociology of Technique

Abstract This essay argues that the methodological and normative commitments of audit judgement research constrain its ability to address the expressive and persuasive dimensions of audit work. In contrast, a sociology of audit technique is proposed in which the "technicality" of audits is theorised as a product of process of closure rather than as a self-evident feature of audit practice. Accordingly, planning aids, such as the audit risk model, function more as a basis for representing the audit as a rational task than to guide procedures in the field. While these themes may appear to be counterintuitive, they emerge from a close reading of some of the audit judgement literature itself which is unable to develop the symbolic and justificational dimension of the audit process within the constraints of its theoretical framework. The sociology of audit technique inverts the cognitive assumptions of audit judgement research and critically recast the question of auditor expertise.
Real-World Retention Rates After Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA for Idiopathic Overactive Bladder

Introduction The risk of incomplete bladder evacuation requiring catheterization after intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) is well established. However, the rates reported in the literature are highly variable and low overall in clinical trials. We attempt to evaluate the rate of symptomatic acute urinary retention requiring catheterization after initial BoNT-A in a private practice setting of patients with idiopathic overactive bladder. Methods We performed a retrospective study from 2010 to 2014 for patients with idiopathic overactive bladder undergoing their first BoNT-A. Demographic information recorded included age, sex, presence of diabetes, baseline postvoid residual (PVR), presence of urodynamic detrusor overactivity, bladder capacity, peak flow rate (Qmax), BoNT-A unit dose, and carrier volume. Urinary retention was defined as those patients who were symptomatic and required catheterization for a PVR of 200 mL or greater. Results Of 103 patients who received BoNT-A, 21 (20.3%) developed symptomatic retention requiring catheterization. There was no difference in baseline characteristics, preoperative PVR, and units injected (all P > 0.05). The retention group had a higher rate of bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infection (all P < 0.05). Despite developing symptomatic retention requiring performance of catheterization, 47% of these patients continued with a subsequent injection of BoNT-A. Conclusions The need for catheterization after initial delivery of intravescial BoNT-A is an adverse event that seems to be higher in our clinical practice than seen in clinical trials. This information will be critical in order to properly counsel our future patients about the risks and benefits of this therapy.
Learning from dilemmas: teacher professional development through collaborative action and reflection

This article aims at describing and analysing the interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas experienced by a group of five university teachers as they engaged in collaborative inquiry, including the ways in which teachers managed these dilemmas and how this contributed to their professional development. The results are based on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, working sessions, participant observation and teacher narratives. Our findings illustrate how interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas co-occur when teachers engage in collaborative inquiry. Working together towards shared goals brought to the surface differences in beliefs and expectations that generated conflict and tension, which sometimes interfered with teachers’ willingness to work together. At the same time, introducing changes to their teaching practice – a major goal of inquiry communities – challenged teachers to question and revise their personal beliefs about teaching and learning, thereby triggering intrapersonal dilemmas. Our findings also confirm the key role of critical reflection for bringing these dilemmas to the surface and benefiting from the opportunities they provide for learning and change. Areas that warrant further exploration to better understand the dilemmas within inquiry communities and how to support teachers in handling them are discussed.
Sex Role Perceptions of Filipino Adolescents

Abstract Sex role perceptions of 118 male and 118 female Filipino adolescents with respect to self-esteem and locus of control were investigated under two sets of instructions: (a) a standard set and (b) a set in which subjects were asked to respond as they thought a pupil at the same school and in the same academic year but of the opposite sex would respond. Evidence of the positive self-perceptions of Filipino adolescent males relative to females came from responses to both sets of instructions. On the locus of control scale, females perceived themselves to be more internal than males under standard instructions. Both sexes tended to attribute less internal control to the opposite sex than to themselves but again this tendency was much stronger for the males. The results are discussed in the context of previous U.S. and Filipino research.
Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in children: Immediate and short-term changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function

Objective: To evaluate the effect of percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in children. Background: Limited studies are available on alteration in LV hemodynamics, especially diastolic function, after PDA closure. Methods: Thirty-two consecutive children with isolated PDA treated by trans-catheter closure were studied. The LV systolic and diastolic function were assessed by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging 1 day before the PDA closure, on day 1, and on follow-up. Results: At baseline, none of the patients had LV systolic dysfunction. On day 1 post-PDA closure, 8 (25%) children developed LV systolic dysfunction. The baseline LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV end-systolic dimension (LVESD), and PDA diastolic gradient predicted the post-closure LVEF. Patients who developed post-closure LV systolic dysfunction had poorer LV diastolic function than those who did not. LV diastolic properties improved after PDA closure; however, the improvement in LV diastolic properties lagged behind the improvement in the LV systolic function. All children were asymptomatic and had normal LVEF on follow up of >3 months. Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of PDA is associated with the reversible LV systolic dysfunction. Improvement in the LV diastolic function lags behind that in the LV systolic function.
The Mevlana Mosque in Berlin-Kreuzberg: An Unsolved Conflict

This paper describes a public conflict over the building of a mosque in Berlin. The conflict covered the best part of three years. It started in 1999 with a misunderstanding, steadily culminated over a period of two years and was finally cemented into stalemate after 11 September 2001. It has not been solved yet. A description of the historical background and the local setting in which the conflict emerged sets the scene. The main narrative describes the phases of the conflict. In conclusion, the question is raised as to why it took such a disastrous course.
Are aposematic signals honest? A review

We explore the relevance of honest signalling theory to the evolution of aposematism. We begin with a general consideration of models of signal stability, with a focus on the Zahavian costly signalling framework. Next, we review early models of signalling in the context of aposematism (some that are consistent and some inconsistent with costly honest signalling). We focus on controversies surrounding the idea that aposematic signals are handicaps in a Zahavian framework. Then, we discuss how the alignment of interests between signaller and predator influences the evolution of aposematism, highlight the distinction between qualitative and quantitative honesty and review theory and research relevant to these categories. We also review recent theoretical treatments of the evolution of aposematism that have focused on honest signalling as well as empirical research on a variety of organisms, including invertebrates and frogs. Finally, we discuss future directions for empirical and theoretical research in this area.
Association between butyrylcholinesterase K variant and mild cognitive impairment in the Thai community-dwelling patients

Objective To study the association of the butyrylcholinesterase K variant (BChE-K) and the plasma BChE activity with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Thai community-dwelling patients. Methods One hundred patients diagnosed with MCI and 100 control subjects were recruited from the community-dwelling setting in Bangkok, Thailand. The genotype and allele distributions of the BChE-K were determined by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent DNA sequencing. The BChE activity was measured in plasma according to the Ellman’s method. Results The BChE-K allele frequencies in the Thai community-dwelling patients were in accordance with other ethnics. The BChE-K allele frequency in the control subjects (12%) was higher than that of MCI patients (5.5%), suggesting a protective role of BChE-K for MCI in the Thai community-dwelling patients. The BChE-K homozygotes were significantly associated with lower BChE activity. Conclusion Our results suggested that the BChE-K may be implicated as a protective factor for MCI in the Thai community-dwelling patients, although a further study with a large sample size is warranted to confirm this.
Characterization of thoracic motor and sensory neurons and spinal nerve roots in canine degenerative myelopathy, a potential disease model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive, adult‐onset, multisystem degenerative disease with many features in common with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As with some forms of ALS, DM is associated with mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Clinical signs include general proprioceptive ataxia and spastic upper motor neuron paresis in pelvic limbs, which progress to flaccid tetraplegia and dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to characterize DM as a potential disease model for ALS. We previously reported that intercostal muscle atrophy develops in dogs with advanced‐stage DM. To determine whether other components of the thoracic motor unit (MU) also demonstrated morphological changes consistent with dysfunction, histopathologic and morphometric analyses were conducted on thoracic spinal motor neurons (MNs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in motor and sensory nerve root axons from DM‐affected boxers and Pembroke Welsh corgis (PWCs). No alterations in MNs or motor root axons were observed in either breed. However, advanced‐stage PWCs exhibited significant losses of sensory root axons, and numerous DRG sensory neurons displayed evidence of degeneration. These results indicate that intercostal muscle atrophy in DM is not preceded by physical loss of the motor neurons innervating these muscles, nor of their axons. Axonal loss in thoracic sensory roots and sensory neuron death suggest that sensory involvement may play an important role in DM disease progression. Further analysis of the mechanisms responsible for these morphological findings would aid in the development of therapeutic intervention for DM and some forms of ALS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the Gaps between Meanings and Practices of Gender Equity in a Sport Organization

This article analyses the explanations organizational members used to make sense of the meanings and practices of gender equity. Studying gender equity as an organizational value provided a way of understanding how gender inequity is perpetuated and embedded in the culture of an organization. This study was informed by post-structuralist feminist theory as it provided a lens for understanding and critiquing the local meanings and production of gendered knowledge, and encouraged discussion of transforming meanings and practices. This study was situated in a Canadian university athletic department in which gender equity was an espoused organizational value, but gender inequities were evident. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with administrators, coaches and athletes, observations of practices and competitions, and the analysis of relevant documents. These data were coded and categorized using Atlas.ti. Respondents' explanations for the gap between what was espoused and what was enacted centred on two dominant, but contradictory, themes: a denial of gender inequities and a rationalization of gender inequities. These themes suggested respondents often understood inequities as expected, natural, or normal.
On realistic evaluation of recent spatial and temporal mobility metrics for mobile ad hoc networks

Results from recent studies have pointed out that two well-known spatial and temporal mobility metrics for mobile ad hoc networks have critical drawbacks. At the same time, two new spatial and one temporal mobility metrics have been proposed and validated through purely synthetic mobility models. However, due to the limitations that such models have to characterize the real trace provided by human mobility, this paper presents a comprehensive validation of these new metrics employing a recently well-accepted realistic mobility model. Furthermore, we discuss some potential applications for these recent mobile metrics.
Expression of a transgenic T cell receptor beta chain enhances collagen- induced arthritis

SWR/J transgenic (tg) mice were generated expressing the TCR beta chain derived from an anticollagen type II (CII) arthritogenic T cell clone. The SWR/J strain was selected because it is resistant to collagen- induced arthritis (CIA) and lacks the V beta gene segment used by the T cell clone. Expression of the tg beta chain on all thymocytes and peripheral lymph node T cells led to a more efficient anti-CII immune response, but did not confer CIA susceptibility to SWR/J mice. Nevertheless, this tg beta chain enhanced predisposition to CIA as (DBA/1 x SWR) F1 beta tg mice were more susceptible than normal F1 littermates. Our results demonstrate that the expression of the tg beta chain contributes to CIA susceptibility, but by itself it is not sufficient to overcome CIA resistance in the SWR/J strain.
Philosophy of Science and History of Science

There has come into being of late a new and ambitious discipline known as the Philosophy of Science. Already possessed of its own periodicals and a respectable literature, this movement now projects a vast encyclopaedia of the sciences. Its ostensible purpose is to provide a sort of central discipline which will clarify scientific method, establish the distinctive criteria and objectives of science, and rid science of any residues of a metaphysical nature still attaching to it. These aims seem altogether praiseworthy; but when we examine more closely the literature of the movement, we find that they are really the excuse for a philosophical " reconstruction " of science not essentially different from the transcendental philosophy of the past. The logicians and epistemologists associated in the movement would of course deny this last statement. Their purpose, they would say, is precisely to free science from all metaphysic. None the less we must insist that their enquiries into the " foundations of science ", and their pursuit of a unified and consistent system of scientific hypothesis, are a revival of the old metaphysics, and constitute something very different from a criticism of scientific method and content. The antecedents of the movement are to be found in the Humian and Kantian philosophies; its characteristic feature is an exclusive preference for mathematically formulated knowledge; and its evident conclusion is a rejection of all science save physical theory. This conclusion is scarcely the result of an impartial appreciation of what is authentic in scientific knowledge, and valid in scientific method.
Lymphatic obstruction and protein-losing enteropathy in patients with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a known complication of surgical procedures for congenital heart disease. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PLE remain poorly understood. However, lymphatic insufficiency appears central to the disease process. We sought to investigate the role of lymphatic obstruction and central venous catheter-related central venous thrombosis in patients with congenital heart disease and PLE. DESIGN A case-control study design was constructed consisting of patients with congenital heart disease and PLE and 2:1 matched controls having undergone the same definitive surgical procedure. Obstruction to lymphatic return was considered present if the thoracic duct was ligated, or if there was complete central venous obstruction at the usual site of thoracic duct drainage. RESULTS Obstruction to lymphatic return was identified in 4 of 16 cases (25%) and 1 of 32 controls (4%), P = . 06. There was no association between PLE and central venous catheter use or duration, and no discriminating characteristics between cases and controls with respect to anatomy, pre-Fontan hemodynamic variables, operative or perioperative factors, or hemodynamic variables at the time of PLE diagnosis. Mortality for patients with PLE was 25% compared with 9% in controls (P = not significant). Long-term resolution of PLE was obtained in six patients (38%). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of apparent lymphatic obstruction in patients with congenital heart disease and PLE, suggesting that physical lymphatic obstruction may play an important, and previously unrecognized role in the development of PLE in patients with complex congenital heart disease.
Negotiating Reform: Implementing Process Standards in Culturally Responsive Professional Development

The paper presents the guiding ideas behind our culturally responsive approach to teacher professional development and an overview of how those tenets inform, tacitly and directly, our efforts to realize the promise of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' five Process Standards. A review of the primary obstacles teachers face in implementing these standards in their own teaching and learning is followed by a description of the design elements in a university-based professional development program. Our goal is to provide an example of the foundations upon which an evolving approach to culturally responsive professional development planning has grown. We discuss research on what constitutes effective teacher professional development while noting the paucity of programs that embrace recognized needs. We do not give a prescription for effective teacher development. Instead, we speak as teacher-educators about the necessary philosophical and self-evaluative underpinnings to effective professional development and our approach to creating an environment where it is safe to leave the isolation of forced autonomy and it is valued to be reflective about community, mathematical activity, and intellectual engagement.
Gift Exchange and Workers' Fairness Concerns: When Equality is Unfair

We study how different payment modes influence the effectiveness of gift exchange as a contract enforcement device. In particular, we analyze how horizontal fairness concerns affect performance and efficiency in an environment characterized by contractual incompleteness. In our experiment, one principal is matched with two agents. The principal pays equal wages in one treatment and can set individual wages in the other. We find that the use of equal wages elicits substantially lower efforts. This is not caused by monetary incentives per se since under both wage schemes it is profit-maximizing for agents to exert high efforts. The treatment difference instead seems to be driven by the fact that the norm of equity is violated far more frequently in the equal wage treatment. After having suffered from violations of the equity principle, agents withdraw effort. These findings hold even after controlling for the role of intentions, as we show in a third treatment. Our results suggest that adherence to the norm of equity is a necessary prerequisite for successful establishment of gift-exchange relations.
Teachers' Perception On The Effectiveness Of Physical Punishment As A Disciplinary Measure In Selected Secondary Schools In Ile-Ife, Osun State

The study evaluated secondary school teachers' perception on the effectiveness of physical punishment as a disciplinary measure in selected secondary schools in Ile-Ife, Osun State. This was with a view of exploring the effects of physical punishment in encouraging or discouraging secondary school students from delinquent and violent acts. The quantitative data for the study was collected from 230 teachers in 12 purposively selected secondary schools through simple random sampling technique. The quantitative data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Qualitative data collected through In-depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were analysed using the TextBase Beta. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship (F-val=.145, P≤0.05, X2-val=.243, P≤0.05, and t-val=.135, P≤ 0.05 respectively) between teachers' demographic attributes such as (age, level of education and sex) and their perception. It was also revealed that teacher's length of service had no significant influence (X2-val=.713, P ≤ 0.05) on their perception. Also, there was a significant relationship (r-val .000, P ≤ 0.05) between teachers' perception and frequent adoption of physical punishment. However, the Qualitative analysis showed the influence of religion on teachers' perception, (King Solomon, in the Book of Proverbs [13:24]), (Proverbs 22:15, KJV) and (Proverbs 23:13, 15, KJV). In conclusion, physical punishment was perceived as an effective disciplinary measure for correcting and maintaining discipline among secondary school students as well as, in molding and shaping their cognitive and psychosocial growth and developmental ability. Keywords : Physical Punishment, Violent act, Psychosocial Behaviour, Discipline and Perception IFE PsychologIA Vol. 16 (2) 2008: pp. 275-294
The re-greening of the Sahel : natural cyclicity or human-induced change?

The Sahel has been the focus of scientific interest in environmental-human dynamics and interactions. The objective of the present study is to contribute to the recent debate on the re-greening of Sahel. The paper examines the dynamics of barren land in the Sahel of Burkina Faso through analysis of remotely-sensed and rainfall data from 1975–2011. Discussions with farmers and land management staff have helped to understand the anthropogenic efforts toward soil restoration to enable the subsistence farming agriculture. Results showed that area of barren land has been fluctuating during the study period with approximately 10-year cyclicity. Similarly, rainfall, both at national and local levels has followed the same trends. The trends of the area of barren land and rainfall variability suggest that when rainfall increases, the area of barren land decreases and barren land increases when rainfall decreases. This implies that rainfall is one of the main factors driving the change in area of barren land. In addition, humans have contributed positively and negatively to the change by restoring barren lands for agriculture using locally known techniques and by accelerating land degradation through intensive and inappropriate land use practices.