Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study

Background Delay in calling emergency medical services following stroke limits access to early treatment that can reduce disability. Emergency medical services contact is mostly initiated by stroke witnesses (often relatives), rather than stroke patients. This study explored appraisal and behavioural factors that are potentially important in influencing witness behaviour in response to stroke. Methods and Findings Semi-structured interviews with 26 stroke witnesses were transcribed and theory-guided content analysed was undertaken based on the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (appraisal processes) and Theory Domains Framework (behavioural determinants). Response behaviours were often influenced by heuristics-guided appraisal (i.e. mental rules of thumb). Some witnesses described their responses to the situation as ‘automatic’ and ‘instinctive’, rather than products of deliberation. Potential behavioural influences included: environmental context and resources (e.g. time of day), social influence (e.g. prompts from patients) and beliefs about consequences (e.g. 999 accesses rapid help). Findings are based on retrospective accounts and need further verification in prospective studies. Conclusions Witnesses play a key role in patient access to emergency medical services. Factors that potentially influence witnesses’ responses to stroke were identified and could inform behavioural interventions and future research. Interventions might benefit from linking automatic/instinctive threat perceptions with deliberate appraisal of stroke symptoms, prompting action to call emergency medical services.
TP53 Mutations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Impact on Disease Progression and Treatment Response

Recent studies describing the mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) on a genomic scale by our group and others, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, have provided unprecedented perspective for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC progression and response to treatment. These studies confirmed that mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene were the most frequent of all somatic genomic alterations in HNSCC, alluding to the importance of the TP53 gene in suppressing the development and progression of this disease. Clinically, TP53 mutations are significantly associated with short survival time and tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in HNSCC patients, which makes the TP53 mutation status a potentially useful molecular factor for risk stratification and predictor of clinical response in these patients. In addition to loss of wild‐type p53 function and the dominant‐negative effect on the remaining wild‐type p53, some p53 mutants often gain oncogenic functions to promote tumorigenesis and progression. Different p53 mutants may possess different gain‐of‐function properties. Herein, we review the most up‐to‐date information about TP53 mutations available via The Cancer Genome Atlas‐based analysis of HNSCC and discuss our current understanding of the potential tumor‐suppressive role of p53, focusing on gain‐of‐function activities of p53 mutations. We also summarize our knowledge regarding the use of the TP53 mutation status as a potential evaluation or stratification biomarker for prognosis and a predictor of clinical response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in HNSCC patients. Finally, we discuss possible strategies for targeting HNSCCs bearing TP53 mutations. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2682–2692, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the reliability of N‐mixture models for count data

N‐mixture models describe count data replicated in time and across sites in terms of abundance N and detectability p. They are popular because they allow inference about N while controlling for factors that influence p without the need for marking animals. Using a capture–recapture perspective, we show that the loss of information that results from not marking animals is critical, making reliable statistical modeling of N and p problematic using just count data. One cannot reliably fit a model in which the detection probabilities are distinct among repeat visits as this model is overspecified. This makes uncontrolled variation in p problematic. By counter example, we show that even if p is constant after adjusting for covariate effects (the “constant p” assumption) scientifically plausible alternative models in which N (or its expectation) is non‐identifiable or does not even exist as a parameter, lead to data that are practically indistinguishable from data generated under an N‐mixture model. This is particularly the case for sparse data as is commonly seen in applications. We conclude that under the constant p assumption reliable inference is only possible for relative abundance in the absence of questionable and/or untestable assumptions or with better quality data than seen in typical applications. Relative abundance models for counts can be readily fitted using Poisson regression in standard software such as R and are sufficiently flexible to allow controlling for p through the use covariates while simultaneously modeling variation in relative abundance. If users require estimates of absolute abundance, they should collect auxiliary data that help with estimation of p.
Consensus statement on current and emerging methods for the diagnosis and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in most developed countries. This work summarizes state-of-the-art, and possible future, diagnostic and evaluation approaches in multiple stages of CVD, including (i) visualization of sub-clinical disease processes, (ii) acute stroke theranostics, and (iii) characterization of post-stroke recovery mechanisms. Underlying pathophysiology as it relates to large vessel steno-occlusive disease and the impact of this macrovascular disease on tissue-level viability, hemodynamics (cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time), and metabolism (cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and pH) are also discussed in the context of emerging neuroimaging protocols with sensitivity to these factors. The overall purpose is to highlight advancements in stroke care and diagnostics and to provide a general overview of emerging research topics that have potential for reducing morbidity in multiple areas of CVD.
Temporal Analysis of Image-Rivalry Suppression

During binocular rivalry, perception alternates between two different images presented one to each eye. At any moment, one image is visible, dominant, while the other is invisible, suppressed. Alternations in perception during rivalry could involve competition between eyes, eye-rivalry, or between images, image-rivalry, or both. We measured response criteria, sensitivities, and thresholds to brief contrast increments to one of the rival stimuli in conventional rivalry displays and in a display in which the rival stimuli swapped between the eyes every 333 ms–swap rivalry–that necessarily involves image rivalry. We compared the sensitivity and threshold measures in dominance and suppression to assess the strength of suppression. We found that response criteria are essentially the same during dominance and suppression for the two sorts of rivalry. Critically, we found that swap-rivalry suppression is weak after a swap and strengthens throughout the swap interval. We propose that image rivalry is responsible for weak initial suppression immediately after a swap and that eye rivalry is responsible for the stronger suppression that comes later.
Translation, Cross‐cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Dutch International Hip Outcome Tool‐33 (iHOT‐33 NL) in Young, Physically Active Individuals With Symptomatic Hip Joint Pathology

•STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort. •BACKGROUND: The international Hip Outcome Tool‐33 (iHOT‐33), developed in English, has been shown to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for young, physically active individuals with symptomatic hip joint pathology. •OBJECTIVES: To translate and validate the iHOT‐33 in Dutch (iHOT‐33 NL) in the target population. •METHODS: Translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the iHOT‐33 were performed following existing guidelines. Young to middle‐aged (18‐50 years), active (Tegner activity score of 3 or greater) individuals presenting with symptomatic hip joint‐related pain (numeric pain‐rating score of 1 or greater) in a primary health care/hospital setting were included. The iHOT‐33 NL, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions questionnaire (EQ‐5D), numeric pain‐rating score, and Global Perceived Effect score were completed by 214 patients. •RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient for test‐retest reliability was 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.94). Smallest detectable changes at individual and group levels were, respectively, 16.7 and 1.1 points. The Cronbach alpha was . 9. Principal‐component analysis revealed 4 domains of the iHOT‐33 NL. Of the hypotheses used for construct validity, 87% were confirmed. No floor and ceiling effects were detected for the iHOT‐33 NL total score. The minimal important change was 10.7 points. •CONCLUSION: The iHOT‐33 NL is a reliable and valid patient‐reported outcome questionnaire for young, physically active individuals with symptomatic hip joint pathology. It can be used in research and clinical settings.
Comparison of passive and active leisure activities and life satisfaction with aging

Many older adults face limitations to participating in active leisure activities as a result of their physical constraints from aging. Passive leisure activities become alternative leisure activities for older adults as a result of limited physical capacity. The present study sought to determine whether there exists a difference in the frequency of participation in passive and active leisure activities, and the effect of participation in passive and active leisure activities on the life satisfaction level of old adults.
Rising longevity , education , savings , and growth Jie

This paper examines the impact of declines in adult mortality on growth in an overlapping generations model. With public education and imperfect annuity markets, a decline in mortality affects growth through three channels. First, it raises the saving rate and thereby increases the rate of physical capital accumulation. Second, it reduces accidental bequests, lowers investment, and thereby lowers the rate of physical capital accumulation. Third, it may lead the median voter to increase the tax rate for public education initially but lower the tax rate in a later stage. Starting from a high mortality rate as found in many Third World populations, the net effect of a decline in mortality is to raise the growth rate. However, starting from a low mortality rate such as is found in most industrial populations, the net effect of a further decline in mortality is to reduce the growth rate. The findings appear consistent with recent empirical evidence.
Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, 2002-2008.

OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate longitudinal trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. METHODS We determined the prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses among 289,328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans entering Veterans Affairs (VA) health care from 2002 to 2008 using national VA data. RESULTS Of 289,328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, 106,726 (36.9%) received mental health diagnoses; 62,929 (21.8%) were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 50 432 (17.4%) with depression. Adjusted 2-year prevalence rates of PTSD increased 4 to 7 times after the invasion of Iraq. Active duty veterans younger than 25 years had higher rates of PTSD and alcohol and drug use disorder diagnoses compared with active duty veterans older than 40 years (adjusted relative risk = 2.0 and 4.9, respectively). Women were at higher risk for depression than were men, but men had over twice the risk for drug use disorders. Greater combat exposure was associated with higher risk for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Mental health diagnoses increased substantially after the start of the Iraq War among specific subgroups of returned veterans entering VA health care. Early targeted interventions may prevent chronic mental illness.
Examining the Contributions of Perceived Psychological Need Satisfaction to Well-Being in Exercise

This investigation examined the relationship between perceived psychological need satisfaction and well-being in exercise. Participants in Study 1 were women enrolled in a resistance-training program who completed instruments on two occasions across 12 weeks. Changes in perceived need satisfaction and subjective vitality were evident, and residual change score analyses supported covariation between variables over time. Participants in Study 2 were patrons of a university fitness facility who completed instruments once following an exercise session. Canonical correlation analyses indicated that perceived need satisfaction was differentially associated with positive and negative affect. These results suggest that perceived psychological need satisfaction in exercise contributes to global and contextual well-being.
Bilateral acute angle closure in a patient with dengue.

Submitted for publication: October 9, 2017 Accepted for publication: October 25, 2017 Funding: No specific financial support was available for this study. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: None of the authors have any potential conflict of interest to disclose. Corresponding author: Beuy Joob. Email: beuyjoob@hotmail.com Dear Editor, the article “Bilateral acute angle closure in a patient with dengue” is very interesting(1). Levaggi et al. mentioned, “This is the second reported case with this condition during dengue fever and the first to describe the characteristics of the angle [1]. ” This case is similar to a previous case reported by Pierre Filho Pde et al.(2). The condition is extremely rare and might be easily forgotten. Indeed, the present report by Levaggi et al. should not be considered the second case. Recently, Stewart et al. reported another case of bilateral panuveitis with elevated intraocular pressures in a patient with dengue(3). In addition, a report from India presented a pediatric patient with dengue who first presented with bilateral angle closure and further developed endophthalmitis(4). It is agreeable that acute angle closure in dengue is uncommon, but can exist and might result in serious complications. Nevertheless, the claim that the report by Levaggi et al. is the second case(1) is incorrect.
Combined LH and ECH Experiments in the FTU Tokamak

The effects of the simultaneous injection of LH, up to 1 MW, and ECH power, up to 0.75 MW, have been studied in FTU. In the absence of the cold EC resonance in the plasma (BT=7.2 T), the suprathermal electron tail generated by LHCD absorbs the ECH power effectively, up to 80%. In a restricted parameter range, additional electron heating due to ECH waves (up to 1.2 keV for PECH=0.7 MW) is also observed. With the cold resonance at the centre (BT=5.3T) and no absorption on the tail, the ECH power injection into a sawteeth and MHD free plasma, fully sustained by LHCD, causes a quasi-stationary large increase of the electron temperature in a region r/a<0.5, with ∆Te0>4keV for PECH=0.35 MW only. This strong heating exceeds the predictions of the mixed Bohm/gyro-Bohm model with magnetic shear correction, which, instead reproduces the LH phase well.
Immune Myopathy With Perimysial Pathology Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease and Anti-EJ Antibodies

Objectives: We report a case of immune myopathy with perimysial pathology associated with anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase (anti-EJ) antibody and an excellent treatment response. Methods: Chart review. Results: A 36-year-old woman presented with 3 months of fatigue, weight loss, progressive weakness in a scapuloperoneal distribution, and dysphagia. Nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and ultrasound suggested an irritable myopathy. She had marked elevations of creatine kinase and positive anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase (anti-EJ) antibodies. A left biceps muscle biopsy revealed inflammation of the perimysium and surrounding perimysial blood vessels with focal fragmentation of the perimysium. Further evaluation revealed interstitial lung disease. Treatment with prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil led to marked clinical improvement of her symptoms. Conclusions: Our case adds to the growing spectrum of inflammatory myopathies and highlights the importance of performing a comprehensive, multisystem workup.
Community structure and distribution of benthic cyanobacteria in Antarctic lacustrine microbial mats

The terrestrial Antarctic Realm has recently been divided into 16 Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions (ACBRs) based on environmental properties and the distribution of biota. Despite their prominent role in the primary production and nutrient cycling in Antarctic lakes, cyanobacteria were only poorly represented in the biological dataset used to delineate these ACBRs. Here, we provide a first high-throughput sequencing insight into the spatial distribution of benthic cyanobacterial communities in Antarctic lakes located in four distinct, geographically distant ACBRs and covering a range of limnological conditions. Cyanobacterial community structure differed between saline and freshwater lakes. No clear bioregionalization was observed, as clusters of community similarity encompassed lakes from distinct ACBRs. Most phylotypes (77.0%) were related to cyanobacterial lineages (defined at ≥99.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) restricted to the cold biosphere, including lineages potentially endemic to Antarctica (55.4%). The latter were generally rare and restricted to a small number of lakes, while more ubiquitous phylotypes were generally abundant and present in different ACBRs. These results point to a widespread distribution of some cosmopolitan cyanobacterial phylotypes across the different Antarctic ice-free regions, but also suggest the existence of dispersal barriers both within and between Antarctica and the other continents.
Can Parallel Diversification Occur in Sympatry? Repeated Patterns of Body-Size Evolution in Coexisting Clades of North American Salamanders

A classic paradigm in evolutionary biology is that geographically isolated clades inhabiting similar selective regimes will diversify to create similar sets of phenotypes in different locations (e.g., similar stickleback species in different lakes, similar Anolis ecomorphs on different islands). Such parallel radiations are not generally expected to occur in sympatry because the available niche space would be filled by whichever clade is diversified first. Here, we document a very different pattern, the parallel evolution of similar body-size morphs in three sympatric clades of plethodontid salamanders (Desmognathus, Plethodon, Spelerpinae) in eastern North America. Using a comprehensive, time-calibrated phytogeny of North American plethodontids from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, we show that these three clades have undergone replicated patterns of evolution in body size and that this parallel diversification occurred in broad-scale sympatry. At the local scale, we find that coexisting species from these clades are more similar in body size than expected under a null model in which species are randomly assembled into communities. These patterns are particularly surprising in that competition is known to be important in driving phenotypic diversification and limiting local coexistence of similar-sized species within these clades. Although parallel diversification of sympatric clades may seem counterintuitive, we discuss several ecological and evolutionary factors that may allow the phenomenon to occur.
Generalized Extended State Observer Based Control for Systems With Mismatched Uncertainties

The standard extended state observer based control (ESOBC) method is only applicable for a class of single-input-single-output essential-integral-chain systems with matched uncertainties. It is noticed that systems with nonintegral-chain form and mismatched uncertainties are more general and widely exist in practical engineering systems, where the standard ESOBC method is no longer available. To this end, it is imperative to explore new ESOBC approach for these systems to extend its applicability. By appropriately choosing a disturbance compensation gain, a generalized ESOBC (GESOBC) method is proposed for nonintegral-chain systems subject to mismatched uncertainties without any coordinate transformations. The proposed method is able to extend to multi-input-multi-output systems with almost no modification. Both numerical and application design examples demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed method.
Physiological characterization of Egyptian salt tolerant rice varieties under different salinity levels

Salinity is one of the main constrains of agriculture production in Egypt; particularly rice production. Addressing physiology of rice salt tolerance might be beneficial for good rice salinity program breeding in Egypt. For this approach, three different rice varieties; Giza178rice salt tolerant variety and Giza 177 rice salt sensitive and Sakha 104 as moderately salt tolerant variety were tested under three salinity level; 2.0. 4.5and 8.5 dSm under greenhouses of RRTC, Sakha, Kafr El-Shekh, Egypt in 2012 and 2013 seasons. Tryptophan, proline amino acids, plant pigment (chlorophyll,aand b (Chla and Chlb), Total chlorophyll (Tchl), some elements, Na, K, Ca2, Mg and P as well as Na/K and Na/Ca ration, photosynthesis rate, stomata conductivity, proline were measured at mid of booting stage. Dry mater hill-1, flag leaf area and, leaf area index (LAI), yield attributes, grain yield hill, biological yield hilland harvest index were estimated. The all above-mentioned traits markedly differed among the tested three rice varieties.Giza178 significantly had higher amino acids, leaf pigments, elemental contents; Na, K, Ca, Mg and P, photosynthesis(PN), stomatal conductance, growth traits, yield attributes, biological yield, grain yield hill and lower Na/K and Na/Ca ration and lower sterility comparing to other varieties. Giza177 recorded the lower means of abovementioned traits and Sakha 104 was in the second order after Giza 178 but it gave heaviest 1000 grain weight. Leaf pigments, K, Mg and P ions, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance growth and yield and yield components were significantly declined by increasing salinity levels up to higher salinity level of 8.5 dsm.On the other hand, Amino acids, Na, Ca, Na/K and Na/Ca and unfilled grain in the terms of sterility were significantly increased with increasing salinity level since, they reached their maximum mean at higher salinity level of 8.5dSm. The interaction between rice varieties and salinity levels exhibited significant effect of all measured traits except stomatal conductivity and biological yield and harvest index in both seasons. The interaction effect supported that Giza 178 was less affected by increasing salinity levels giving higher growth, yield attributes and yield that mainly attributed to its ability to accumulate more amino acids as osomo-protectants, high ion selectivity, leaf pigments maintenance under salt stress and keeping high photosynthesis rate and high qualification stomatal conductivity arrangement under higher salinity level. The opposite was holding true with Giza 177. Sakha 104 showed moderate salt tolerant case. [Zayed B. A. , Abd El-azeem K. Salem and Osama A. M. Ali. Physiological characterization of Egyptian salt tolerantrice varieties under different salinity levels. Life Sci J 2014; 11(10):1364-1372]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 199. doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.199.