Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Physical Properties of Selected Nano-Complexes in Bovine Udder Inflammatory Pathogen Control

Purpose Mastitis in dairy cows is a worldwide problem faced by dairy producers. Treatment mainly involves antibiotic therapy, however, due to widespread antibiotic resistance among bacteria, such treatments are no longer effective. For this reason, scientists are searching for new solutions to combat mastitis, which is caused by bacteria, fungi, and algae. One of the most promising solutions, nanotechnology, is attracting research due to its biocidal properties. The purpose of this research was to determine the biocidal properties of nanocomposites as a potential alternative to antibiotics in the control of mastitis, as well as to determine whether the use of nanoparticles and what concentration is safe for the breeder and the animal. Patients and Methods In this study, the effects of Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, and Pt nanoparticles and their complexes were evaluated in relation to the survival of bacteria and fungi isolated from cattle diagnosed with mastitis, their physicochemical properties, and their toxicity to bovine and human mammary epithelial cells BME-UV1 and HMEC (human microvascular endothelial cells). Moreover, E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and Prototheca sp. invasion was assessed using the alginate bead (bioprinted) model. The NPs were tested at concentrations of 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.56 mg/l for Au, Ag, Cu and Fe NPs, and 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 mg/l for Pt. Results With the exception of Fe and Pt, all exhibited biocidal properties against isolates, while the AgCu complex had the best effect. In addition, nanoparticles showed synergistic effects, while the low concentrations had no toxic effect on BME-UV1 and HMEC cells. Conclusion Synergistic effects of nanoparticles and no toxicity to bovine and human cells might, in the future, be an effective alternative in the fight against microorganisms responsible for mastitis, and the implementation of research results in practice would reduce the percentage of dairy cows suffering from mastitis. The problem of increasing antibiotic resistance is posing a global threat to human’s and animal’s health, and requires comprehensive research to evaluate the potential use of nanoparticles – especially their complexes – as well as to determine whether nanoparticles are safe for the breeders and the animals. The conducted series of studies allows further consideration of the use of the obtained results in practice, creating a potentially new alternative to antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of mastitis in dairy cattle.
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 a Surge of P-values between 0.041 and 0.049 in Recent Decades (but Negative Results Are Increasing Rapidly Too)

It is known that statistically significant (positive) results are more likely to be published than non-significant (negative) results. However, it has been unclear whether any increasing prevalence of positive results is stronger in the " softer " disciplines (social sciences) than in the " harder " disciplines (physical sciences), and whether the prevalence of negative results is decreasing over time. Using Scopus, we searched the abstracts of papers published between 1990 and 2013, and measured longitudinal trends of multiple expressions of positive versus negative results, including p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 versus p-values between 0.051 and 0.059, textual reporting of " significant difference " versus " no significant difference, " and the reporting of p < 0.05 versus p > 0.05. We found no support for a " hierarchy of sciences " with physical sciences at the top and social sciences at the bottom. However, we found large differences in reporting practices between disciplines, with p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 over 1990–2013 being 65.7 times more prevalent in the biological sciences than in the physical sciences. The p-values near the significance threshold of 0.05 on either side have both increased but with those p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 having increased to a greater extent (2013-to-1990 ratio of the percentage of papers = 10.3) than those between 0.051 and 0.059 (ratio = 3.6). Contradictorily, p < 0.05 has increased more slowly than p > 0.05 (ratios = 1.4 and 4.8, respectively), while the use of " significant difference " has shown only a modest increase compared to " no significant difference " (ratios = 1.5 and 1.1, respectively). We also compared reporting of significance in the United States, Asia, and Europe and found that the results are too inconsistent to draw conclusions on cross-cultural differences in significance reporting. We argue that the observed longitudinal trends are caused by negative factors, such as an increase of questionable research practices, but also by positive factors, such as an increase of quantitative research and structured reporting.
Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Results of Coronary Bypass Surgery

Fifty-six patients with severe stenosis of the left main coronary artery underwent coronary bypass surgery between January 1970 and December 1971. All patients had angina pectoris. Seventy-five per cent of the patients had an unstable anginal pattern. There were six perioperative deaths for a surgical mortality of 10.7%. Of the 50 patients surviving surgery, 96% are alive from 12 to 36 months postoperatively, 90% have had a significant reduction in anginal symptoms and 76% are asymptomatic. Postoperative catheterization studies, performed one to 28 months after surgery in 31 patients, showed that 83% of 75 bypass grafts were widely patent. In each patient studied there was at least one widely patent graft to the left coronary artery. Six patients had exercise studies using supine bicycle ergometry during pre- and postoperative cardiac catheterization. These studies demonstrated improvement in exercise tolerance and in left ventricular hemodynamics after coronary surgery.
IC 5063: AGN driven outflow of warm and cold gas

We present new ATCA 17- and 24- GHz radio images and ESO- NTT optical spectra of the radio- loud Seyfert galaxy IC 5063, the first galaxy in which a fast (similar to 600 km s(-1)) outflow of neutral hydrogen was discovered. The new radio data confirm the triple radio structure with a central, unresolved flat- spectrum core and two resolved radio lobes with steep spectral index. This implies that the previously detected fast outflow of neutral gas is occurring off- nucleus, near a radio lobe about 0.5 kpc from the core. The ionised gas shows highly complex kinematics in the region co- spatial with the radio emission. Broad and blueshifted (similar to 500 km s(-1)) emission is observed in the region of the radio lobe, at the same location as the blueshifted Hi absorption. The velocity of the ionised outflow is similar to the one found in Hi. The first order correspondence between the radio and optical properties suggests that the outflow is driven by the interaction between the radio jet and the ISM. However, despite the high outflow velocities, no evidence is found for the ionisation of the gas being due to fast shocks in the region of the outflow, indicating that photoionisation from the AGN is likely to be the dominant ionisation mechanism. The outflow rate of the warm ( ionised) gas is small compared to that of the cold gas, similar to what is found in other radio galaxies. The mass outflow rate associated with the Hi is in the same range as for " mild" starburst- driven superwinds in ULIRGs. However, in IC 5063, the AGN- driven outflow appears to be limited to the inner kpc region of the galaxy. The kinetic power associated with the Hi outflow is a small fraction (a few x 10(-4)) of the Eddington luminosity of the galaxy but is a significant fraction (similar to 0.1) of the nuclear bolometric luminosity. In IC 5063, the observed outflows may have sufficient kinetic power to have a significant impact on the evolution of the ISM in the host galaxy.
Addressing barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and programmatic implications

Abstract Objective Despite numerous global initiatives on breast-feeding, trend data show exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates have stagnated over the last two decades. The purpose of the present systematic review was to determine barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in twenty-five low- and middle-income countries and discuss implications for programmes. Design A search of Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsychINFO was conducted to retrieve studies from January 2000 to October 2015. Using inclusion criteria, we selected both qualitative and quantitative studies that described barriers to EBF. Setting Low- and middle-income countries. Subjects Following application of systematic review criteria, forty-eight articles from fourteen countries were included in the review. Results Sixteen barriers to EBF were identified in the review. There is moderate evidence of a negative association between maternal employment and EBF practices. Studies that examined EBF barriers at childbirth and the initial 24 h post-delivery found strong evidence that caesarean section can impede EBF. There is moderate evidence for early initiation of breast-feeding and likelihood of practising EBF. Breast-feeding problems were commonly reported from cross-sectional or observational studies. Counselling on EBF and the presence of family and/or community support have demonstrated improvements in EBF. Conclusions Improving the counselling skills of health workers to address breast-feeding problems and increasing community support for breast-feeding are critical components of infant and young child feeding programming, which will aid in attaining the 2025 World Health Assembly EBF targets. Legislation and regulations on marketing of breast-milk substitutes, paid maternity leave and breast-feeding breaks for working mothers require attention in low- and middle-income countries.
High Performance Latent Variable Models

Latent variable models have accumulated a considerable amount of interest from the industry and academia for their versatility in a wide range of applications. A large amount of effort has been made to develop systems that is able to extend the systems to a large scale, in the hope to make use of them on industry scale data. In this paper, we describe a system that operates at a scale orders of magnitude higher than previous works, and an order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art system at the same scale, at the same time showing more robustness and more accurate results. Our system uses a number of advances in distributed inference: high performance in synchronization of sufficient statistics with relaxed consistency model; fast sampling, using the Metropolis-Hastings-Walker method to overcome dense generative models; statistical modeling, moving beyond Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to Pitman-Yor distributions (PDP) and Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) models; sophisticated parameter projection schemes, to resolve the conflicts within the constraint between parameters arising from the relaxed consistency model. This work significantly extends the domain of applicability of what is commonly known as the Parameter Server. We obtain results with up to hundreds billion oftokens, thousands of topics, and a vocabulary of a few million token-types, using up to 60,000 processor cores operating on a production cluster of a large Internet company. This demonstrates the feasibility to scale to problems orders of magnitude larger than any previously published work.
Effect of intra-alveolar placement of 0.2% chlorhexidine bioadhesive gel on the incidence of alveolar osteitis following the extraction of mandibular third molars. A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common complication after third molar surgery. One of the most studied agents in its prevention is chlorhexidine (CHX), which has proved to be effective. Objectives: The aim of this randomized double-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% bioadhesive chlorhexidine gel placed intra-alveolar in the prevention of AO after the extraction of mandibular third molars and to analyze the impact of risk factors such as smoking and oral contraceptives in the development of AO. Study Design: The study was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial performed in the Ambulatory Surgery Unit of Hospital Vall d’Hebron and was approved by the Ethics Committee. A total of 160 patients randomly received 0.2% bioadhesive gel (80 patients) or bioadhesive placebo (80 patients). Results: 0.2% bioadhesive chlorhexidine gel applied in the alveolus after third molar extraction reduced the incidence of dry socket by 22% compared to placebo with differences that were not statistically significant. Smoking and the use of oral contraceptives were not related to higher incidence of dry socket. Female patients and the difficulty of the surgery were associated with a higher incidence of AO with statistically significant differences. 0.2% bioadhesive chlorhexidine gel did not produce any of the side effects related to chlorhexidine rinses. Conclusions: A 22% reduction of the incidence of alveolar osteitis with the application of 0.2% bioadhesive chlorhexidine gel compared to placebo with differences that were not statistically significant was found in this clinical trial. The lack of adverse reactions and complications related to chlorhexidine gel supports its clinical use specially in simple extractions and adds some advantages compared to the rinses in terms of duration of the treatment and reduction of staining and taste disturbance. Key words:Alveolar osteitis, dry socket, chlorhexidine bioadhesive gel, mandibular third molar surgery.
Reproducibility of species recognition in modern planktonic foraminifera and its implications for analyses of community structure

Abstract. Applications of planktonic foraminifera in Quaternary palaeoceanographic and palaeobiological studies require consistency in species identification. Yet the degree of taxonomic consistency among the practitioners and the effects of any potential deviations on community structure metrics have never been quantitatively assessed. Here we present the results of an experiment in taxonomic consistency involving 21 researchers representing a range of experience and taxonomic schools from around the world. Participants were asked to identify the same two sets of 300 specimens from a modern subtropical North Atlantic sample, one sieved at >125 µm and one at > 150 µm. The identification was carried out either on actual specimens (slide test) or their digital images (digital test). The specimens were fixed so the identifications could be directly compared. In all tests, only between one-quarter and one-eighth of the specimens achieved absolute agreement. Therefore, the identifications across the participants were used to determine a consensus ID for each specimen. Since no strict consensus (>50 % agreement) could be achieved for 20–30 % of the specimens, we used a “soft consensus” based on the most common identification. The average percentage agreement relative to the consensus of the slide test was 77 % in the >150 µm and 69 % in the >125 µm test. These values were 7 % lower for the digital analyses. We find that taxonomic consistency is enhanced when researchers have been trained within a taxonomic school and when they regularly perform community analyses. There is an almost negligible effect of taxonomic inconsistency on sea surface temperature estimates based on transfer function conversion of the census counts, indicating the temperature signal in foraminiferal assemblages is correctly represented even if only two-thirds of the assemblage is consistently identified. The same does not apply to measures of diversity and community structure within the assemblage, and here we advise caution in using compound datasets for such studies. The decrease in the level of consistency when specimens are identified from digital images is significant and species-specific, with implications for the development of training sets for automated identification systems.
The Role of Tonal Onglides in German Nuclear Pitch Accents

A perception experiment with native German listeners provided evidence for the relevance of the tonal onglide in nuclear accents – the pitch movement leading towards the target on the accented syllable. Listeners were able to distinguish between two pragmatic meanings of a short phrase (given/non-contrastive and new/contrastive) using the tonal onglide as the sole acoustic cue. On the basis of these findings, we argue that the onglide merits a phonological status in an intonation model of German and should not be regarded as merely phonetic detail.
Causal Effects on Employment after First Birth – A Dynamic Treatment Approach

The effects of childbirth on future labor market outcomes are a key issue for policy discussion. This paper implements a dynamic treatment approach to estimate the effect of having the first child now versus later on future employment for the case of Germany, a country with a long maternity leave coverage. Effect heterogeneity is assessed by estimating ex post outcome regressions. Based on SOEP data, we provide estimates at a monthly frequency. The results show that there are very strong negative employment effects after childbirth. Although the employment loss is reduced over the first five years following childbirth, it does not level off to zero. The employment loss is lower for mothers with a university degree. It is especially high for medium-skilled mothers with long prebirth employment experience. We find a significant reduction in the employment loss for more recent childbirths.
An overview of the NEFSC's ecosystem modeling enterprise for the northeast US shelf large marine ecosystem : towards ecosystem-based fisheries management

This series is a secondary scientific series designed to assure the long-term documentation and to enable the timely transmission of research results by Center and/or non-Center researchers, where such results bear upon the research mission of the Center (see the outside back cover for the mission statement). These documents receive internal scientific review, and most receive copy editing. The National Marine Fisheries Service does not endorse any proprietary material, process, or product mentioned in these documents. All documents issued in this series since April 2001, and several documents issued prior to that date, have been copublished in both paper and electronic versions. To access the electronic version of a document in this series, go to http://www.nefsc. noaa.gov/nefsc/publications/. The electronic version is available in PDF format to permit printing of a paper copy directly from the Internet. If you do not have Internet access, or if a desired document is one of the pre-April Editorial Treatment: To distribute this report quickly, it has not undergone the normal technical and copy editing by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center's (NEFSC's) Editorial Office as have most other issues in the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE series. Other than the four covers and first two preliminary pages, all writing and editing have been performed by the authors listed within. Information Quality Act Compliance: In accordance with section 515 of Public Law 106-554, the Northeast Regional Office completed both technical and policy reviews for this report. These predissemination reviews are on file at the Northeast Regional Office. As we move towards Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management (EBFM) in the Northeast [US] Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME), ecosystem modeling will be a critical element of doing so. As such, it is valuable to describe current and ongoing ecosystem modeling efforts in the NES LME, with a particular emphasis on how they are being used in a living marine resource (LMR) management context. We provide a description of the major ecosystem models and salient information associated with their use in the NES LME. We discuss how such models could be used to advance EBFM in the near term with a focus on the appropriate application of classes of models for addressing specific types of high priority research and management questions. We also note those areas of improvement that could be considered to enhance ecosystem modeling efforts for the NES LME. We finally highlight some of the major lessons learned from our …
The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey - VIII. Final data release. The effect of group environment on the gas content of massive galaxies

We present the final data release from the GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey (GASS), a large Arecibo program that measured the Hi properties for an unbiased sample of �800 galaxies with stellar masses greater than 10 10 M⊙ and redshifts 0.025 < z < 0.05. This release includes new Arecibo observations for 250 galaxies. We use the full GASS sample to investigate environmental effects on the cold gas content of massive galaxies at fixed stellar mass. The environment is characterized in terms of dark matter halo mass, obtained by cross-matching our sample with the SDSS group catalog of Yang et al. Our analysis provides, for the first time, clear statistical evidence that massive galaxies located in halos with masses of 10 13 10 14 M⊙ have at least 0.4 dex less Hi than objects in lower density environments. The process responsible for the suppression of gas in group galaxies most likely drives the observed quenching of the star formation in these systems. Our findings strongly support the importance of the group environment for galaxy evolution, and have profound implications for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation, which currently do not allow for stripping of the cold interstellar medium in galaxy groups.
A New Class of Metrics for Spike Trains

The distance between a pair of spike trains, quantifying the differences between them, can be measured using various metrics. Here we introduce a new class of spike train metrics, inspired by the Pompeiu-Hausdorff distance, and compare them with existing metrics. Some of our new metrics (the modulus-metric and the max-metric) have characteristics that are qualitatively different from those of classical metrics like the van Rossum distance or the Victor and Purpura distance. The modulus-metric and the max-metric are particularly suitable for measuring distances between spike trains where information is encoded in bursts, but the number and the timing of spikes inside a burst do not carry information. The modulus-metric does not depend on any parameters and can be computed using a fast algorithm whose time depends linearly on the number of spikes in the two spike trains. We also introduce localized versions of the new metrics, which could have the biologically relevant interpretation of measuring the differences between spike trains as they are perceived at a particular moment in time by a neuron receiving these spike trains.