Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industrialization, employment and poverty

During the post-war period, there was consensus among development theorists that industrialization constituted the prime avenue for economic development. Manufacturing was identified as the main engine of economic growth, economic development and social progress. In recent years, however, the role of manufacturing has been challenged and questions have been raised concerning the continued importance of manufacturing for economic development, catch up and poverty reduction in developing countries. Some observers even argue that we live in an era of service-led growth This report assesses the extent to which these challenges are justified, focusing on the role played by manufacturing with regard to the different dimensions of economic development: growth, employment creation and poverty reduction. The main question addressed in this report is whether or not manufacturing plays an important role in the process of economic growth, the creation of new employment and the alleviation of poverty in the least developed economies and in emerging middle-income countries. This report argues that manufacturing continues to be of considerable importance for economic development, employment creation and the reduction of poverty. Manufacturing is not the only sector of importance in developing countries of the present period. But the relative neglect of industrialization and industrial investment in modern policy debates is not justified. It is a sector which deserves special attention from policy makers and the financial community.
- 1815-Simulation of Stress-Strain Behavior of Saturated Sand in Undrained Triaxial Tests Based on Genetic Adaptive Neural Networks

This study applies artificial neural networks (ANN) to simulate the soil stress-strain relationship observed in test data from triaxial shear testing of saturated sand. A genetic algorithm is used to obtain an optimal framework for the ANN. The results show that the proposed genetic adaptive neural network (GANN) can effectively model undrained monotonic and cyclic triaxial behaviour of saturated sand under isotropic or anisotropic consolidation. Therefore, the proposed GANN soil behaviour simulation can be used as a simple, reliable and practical analysis method.
Examining teachers’ intentions of using technology as teaching tool: Using Structural Equation Modelling

Using two theoretical frameworks, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour, the study aims at proposing a teachers’ technology acceptance model which helps to examine the relationship among factors that influence teachers' intentions to use technology in teaching. The model is tested using a sample of 208 secondary school teachers , teaching English , two Indian languages – Hindi and Malayalam and Social Sciences, in an Indian State, Kerala. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire; and tested against the research model using a structural equation modelling approach. Results indicated ‘perceived ease of use’ and ‘perceived ability to use’ as the most critical determinants of teachers' intentions on technology integration in classroom teaching. Perceived ease of use and perceived ability influence attitude to use and attitude in turn was an important antecedent of user behaviour (the self reported use of technology). The model could explain 95% variance in attitude but only 35% variance in user behaviour in the technology use context of the secondary school teachers’ language and social-science teaching. The study gives recommendations for frequent, usage skills enhancing professional development programmes to improve the perceived ability factor among teacher.
Vagotomy ameliorates islet morphofunction and body metabolic homeostasis in MSG-obese rats

The parasympathetic nervous system is important for β-cell secretion and mass regulation. Here, we characterized involvement of the vagus nerve in pancreatic β-cell morphofunctional regulation and body nutrient homeostasis in 90-day-old monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese rats. Male newborn Wistar rats received MSG (4 g/kg body weight) or saline [control (CTL) group] during the first 5 days of life. At 30 days of age, both groups of rats were submitted to sham-surgery (CTL and MSG groups) or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Cvag and Mvag groups). The 90-day-old MSG rats presented obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Their pancreatic islets hypersecreted insulin in response to glucose but did not increase insulin release upon carbachol (Cch) stimulus, despite a higher intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Furthermore, while the pancreas weight was 34% lower in MSG rats, no alteration in islet and β-cell mass was observed. However, in the MSG pancreas, increases of 51% and 55% were observed in the total islet and β-cell area/pancreas section, respectively. Also, the β-cell number per β-cell area was 19% higher in MSG rat pancreas than in CTL pancreas. Vagotomy prevented obesity, reducing 25% of body fat stores and ameliorated glucose homeostasis in Mvag rats. Mvag islets demonstrated partially reduced insulin secretion in response to 11.1 mM glucose and presented normalization of Cch-induced Ca2+ mobilization and insulin release. All morphometric parameters were similar among Mvag and CTL rat pancreases. Therefore, the higher insulin release in MSG rats was associated with greater β-cell/islet numbers and not due to hypertrophy. Vagotomy improved whole body nutrient homeostasis and endocrine pancreatic morphofunction in Mvag rats.
A New Evaluation Tool to Obtain Practice-Based Evidence of Worksite Health Promotion Programs

Introduction The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Swift Worksite Assessment and Translation (SWAT) evaluation method to identify promising practices in worksite health promotion programs. The new method complements research studies and evaluation studies of evidence-based practices that promote healthy weight in working adults. Methods We used nationally recognized program evaluation standards of utility, feasibility, accuracy, and propriety as the foundation for our 5-step method: 1) site identification and selection, 2) site visit, 3) post-visit evaluation of promising practices, 4) evaluation capacity building, and 5) translation and dissemination. An independent, outside evaluation team conducted process and summative evaluations of SWAT to determine its efficacy in providing accurate, useful information and its compliance with evaluation standards. Results The SWAT evaluation approach is feasible in small and medium-sized workplace settings. The independent evaluation team judged SWAT favorably as an evaluation method, noting among its strengths its systematic and detailed procedures and service orientation. Experts in worksite health promotion evaluation concluded that the data obtained by using this evaluation method were sufficient to allow them to make judgments about promising practices. Conclusion SWAT is a useful, business-friendly approach to systematic, yet rapid, evaluation that comports with program evaluation standards. The method provides a new tool to obtain practice-based evidence of worksite health promotion programs that help prevent obesity and, more broadly, may advance public health goals for chronic disease prevention and health promotion.
Infinite Prandtl number limit of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection

We rigorously justify the infinite Prandtl number model of convection as the limit of the Boussinesq approximation to the Rayleigh‐Bénard convection as the Prandtl number approaches infinity. This is a singular limit problem involving an initial layer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methods and Processes Definitions for Multiplatform Social Network Games Development with Distributed Teams

In recent decades, agile methodologies have contributed in the process of developing software as an efficient way to manage requirements. Game development for geographically distributed teams includes additional elements that also need to be managed properly. This work is an experience report of a game development by geographically distributed team, using Scrum methodology. The game runs on web and mobile platforms and has interface with social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discussion about Scrum's adaptation for game development with respect to the methods, process definition and tools used in conception, design, definition, prioritization of backlog items, monitoring requirements and quality assurance.
Liberation of GPI-Anchored Prion from Phospholipids Accelerates Amyloidogenic Conversion

Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a rare group of fatal neurodegenerative illnesses in humans and animals caused by misfolding of prion protein (PrP). Prion protein is a cell-surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein expressed mostly in the central and peripheral nervous system, and this membrane-bound protein can be cleaved from the cell membranes by phosphoinositide phospholipase C. Numerous studies have investigated GPI-free recombinant PrP, but the role of GPI on misfolding of PrP is not well known. In this study, we synthesized a GPI analog that was covalently linking to a PrP S230C mutant, resulting in S230C-GPI. The structural changes in S230C-GPI upon binding to lipid vesicles composed of mixtures of the zwitterionic lipid (POPC) and the anionic lipid (POPG) were analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, and the amyloid aggregation of S230C-GPI in the liberation from phospholipid vesicles was monitored by proteinase K-digestion assay. Our results indicate that S230C-GPI in the liberation of lipid vesicles has high tendency to misfold into amyloid fibrils, while the membrane-bound S230C-GPI proteins are highly stable and rarely convert into amyloid forms. In addition, the role of cholesterol in S230C-GPI was studied. The effect of GPI, cholesterol and phospholipid vesicles on misfolding of PrP is further discussed.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve Reconsidered from the Perspective of Heterogeneity: Insights for Climate Change and Energy Policy

Designing an efficient global climate policy turns out to be a difficult yet crucial task since there are noteworthy cross-country differences in energy and carbon intensities. In this paper, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is tested for carbon dioxide ( 2 CO ) emissions and the iterative Bayesian shrinkage procedure is employed to handle the crosscountry differences. The results suggest that: first, the EKC hypothesis is rejected for 49 out of the 51 countries considered when the heterogeneity in countries' energy efficiencies and cross-country differences in the 2 CO emissions trajectories are accounted for; second, a classification of the results, with respect to the development levels of the countries concerned, reveals that the emergence of an overall inverted U-shape curve is due to the fact that in the high-income countries, increase in gross domestic product (GDP) decreases emissions, while in the low-income countries emissions and GDP are positively correlated.
Eye movement related brain responses to emotional scenes during free viewing

Emotional stimuli are preferentially processed over neutral stimuli. Previous studies, however, disagree on whether emotional stimuli capture attention preattentively or whether the processing advantage is dependent on allocation of attention. The present study investigated attention and emotion processes by measuring brain responses related to eye movement events while 11 participants viewed images selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Brain responses to emotional stimuli were compared between serial and parallel presentation. An “emotional” set included one image with high positive or negative valence among neutral images. A “neutral” set comprised four neutral images. The participants were asked to indicate which picture—if any—was emotional and to rate that picture on valence and arousal. In the serial condition, the event-related potentials (ERPs) were time-locked to the stimulus onset. In the parallel condition, the ERPs were time-locked to the first eye entry on an image. The eye movement results showed facilitated processing of emotional, especially unpleasant information. The EEG results in both presentation conditions showed that the LPP (“late positive potential”) amplitudes at 400–500 ms were enlarged for the unpleasant and pleasant pictures as compared to neutral pictures. Moreover, the unpleasant scenes elicited stronger responses than pleasant scenes. The ERP results did not support parafoveal emotional processing, although the eye movement results suggested faster attention capture by emotional stimuli. Our findings, thus, suggested that emotional processing depends on overt attentional resources engaged in the processing of emotional content. The results also indicate that brain responses to emotional images can be analyzed time-locked to eye movement events, although the response amplitudes were larger during serial presentation.
SELF-EFFICACY DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Implications for Teachers and Parents

I begin this chapter with an assumption I hope readers will find reasonable. The assumption is that the beliefs that young people hold about their capability to succeed in their endeavors are vital forces in the subsequent successes or failures they attain in these endeavors. These self-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation for motivation, well-being, and personal accomplishment in all areas of life. This is because unless young people believe that their actions can produce the results they desire, they have little incentive to act or to persevere in the face of the difficulties that inevitably ensue. They can, of course, be cajoled or coerced to complete tasks or participate in activities not of their choosing, but, as soon as they are provided with the option to select their own life paths, they will surely select tasks and activities they believe are within their capabilities and avoid those that they believe are beyond their perceived competence.
Entrepreneurship and regional economic growth: towards a general theory of start-ups

Start-ups of new firms are important for economic growth. However, start-up rates differ significantly between countries and within regions of the same country. A large empirical literature studies the reasons for this and endeavours to identify the regional determinants of start-ups. By contrast, there is a much smaller theoretical literature attempting the formal modelling of the start-up process within a region. In this article, we seek to contribute to this small literature by introducing a general theoretical model of the entrepreneurial start-up process. The model links start-ups to economic growth and can be applied to understand growth in a regional context. We derive a number of propositions which fit the stylised facts from the empirical literature: (i) growth in the regional economy is driven by an expansion in the number of start-up firms supplying intermediate goods and services; (ii) improvements in human capital will improve the rate of start-ups; (iii) improvements in the relative rates of return to entrepreneurs and business conditions will raise start-up rates; (iv) an increase in regional financial concentration will reduce the start-up rate in a region; and (v) increased agglomeration/urbanisation in a region has an a priori ambiguous effect on start-up rates.
Household economy and livelihood strategies in a pastoral community in the central Peruvian highlands : a regional perspective

The subject of this thesis is the study of a pastoral community in its regional context. The research was undertaken in 1979-1980 in the peasant community of Tomas in the central highlands of Peru. It focussed on four main areas: the domestic economy, levels of cash income and expenditure, the historical context and the networks involved in the wool economy. The body of theory which has been used in the present work concerns peasant economy and its relationship with capitalist development. The concepts of economic activity fields and linkage analysis have been employed to form a framework for the analysis of the economic role of the household and its relationship with the peasant community and the regional economy. The research was undertaken by means of general participant observation and open-ended interviews with members of the community. In addition, a detailed study of the economies of 20 households was made through the medium of questionnaires on domestic production and consumption. Wider economic networks were followed up in order to investigate the relationships which all households have with the regional economy. Finally, historical depth was given to the research through the collection of personal life histories and case studies, as well as by the investigation of local, regional and national archives. The main conclusions of the thesis concern the recent orientation of domestic economy in Tomas. The commoditisation of pastoral products over many years has meant that almost all households have had long-term involvement in the cash economy. Lately, too, the diversification of the domestic economy in the face of communal and ecological constraints on pastoralism has led, for a growing number of households, to a decreasing reliance on communally controlled resources and a greater involvement in the wider regional economy. These tendencies indicate that, despite their physical isolation, the pastoralists of Tomas are fully integrated into the national economy of Peru.
Spatial and Temporal Homogeneity of Solar Surface Irradiance across Satellite Generations

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: richard.mueller@dwd.de;Tel. : +49-69-8062-4922; Fax: +49-69-8062-3759.Received: 1 March 2011; in revised form: 4 May 2011 / Accepted: 5 May 2011 /Published: 20 May 2011Abstract: Solar surface irradiance (SIS) is an essential variable in the radiation budgetof the Earth. Climate data records (CDR’s) of SIS are required for climate monitoring, forclimate model evaluation and for solar energy applications. A 23 year long (1983–2005)continuous and validated SIS CDR based on the visible channel (0.45–1 m) of the MVIRIinstruments onboard the ﬁrst generation of Meteosat satellites has recently been generatedusing a climate version of the well established Heliosat method. This version of the Heliosatmethod includes a newly developed self-calibration algorithm and an improved algorithmto determine the clear sky reﬂection. The climate Heliosat version is also applied to thevisible narrow-band channels of SEVIRI onboard the Meteosat Second Generation Satellites(2004–present). The respective channels are observing the Earth in the wavelength regionat about 0.6 m and 0.8 m. SIS values of the overlapping time period are used toanalyse whether a homogeneous extension of the MVIRI CDR is possible with the SEVIRInarrowband channels. It is demonstrated that the spectral differences between the usedvisible channels leads to signiﬁcant differences in the solar surface irradiance in speciﬁcregions. Especially, over vegetated areas the reﬂectance exhibits a high spectral dependencyresulting in large differences in the retrieved SIS. The applied self-calibration method aloneis not able to compensate the spectral differences of the channels. Furthermore, the extendedrange of the input values (satellite counts) enhances the cloud detection of the SEVIRIinstruments resulting in lower values for SIS, on average. Our ﬁndings have implications
Psycho-Social Contributions to Higher Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence among South Asian Immigrants Living in Canada

This thesis studies psycho-social aspects of the experiences of South Asian immigrants (SAI) in Canada and how these may be related to the elevated presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this group. It does so by examining the way in which variables such as education and income levels, the gap between education and income levels, and psycho-social variables related to stress, predict the presence of T2DM in this group as compared to two other social groups: Chinese Immigrants (CI) and Canadian born whites (CBW). The results of this research support the hypotheses laid out for this dissertation that exposure to education/income gap increases risk for T2DM, and that SAI have higher risk for T2DM compared to CI and CBW.
Causal reconstruction kernels for consistent signal recovery

This paper derives causal reconstruction kernels which allow for a consistent signal recovery of the past signal component from the past signal samples only. Our approach is based on classical Hilbert space methods of signal sampling and recovery. The causal reconstruction kernels are obtained as the causal dual frame for a given sequence of sampling functions. The proposed methodology is illustrated by a numerical example.
Employee Job Mobility and Relocation / Перемещение служащих в процессе работы

There is an ever increasing demand for highly flexible and geographically mobile professional and managerial staff in many UK companies. This means that the effective management of career development, succession planning, job mobility and relocation will be among the major challenges facing industrial and commercial organisations in the 1990s. The article describes the way that two large UK companies currently manage (and mismanage) job mobility and relocation. In 1987 the IMS described the general management of mobility and relocation as "ad hoc and kneejerk". The findings of this study lend some support to this contention. It discusses the implications of these early findings for these companies and other organisations. It concludes by briefly discussing the implications for UK companies and personnel managers, and briefly outlines the future goals of the research project.
From Isovists via Mental Representations to Behaviour: First Steps toward Closing the Causal Chain

This paper addresses the interactions between human wayfinding performance, the mental representation of routes, and the geometrical layout of path intersections. The conclusions of this paper are based on the results of a virtual reality empirical experiment. The study consisted of a route-learning and reproduction task and two choice reaction tasks measuring the acquired knowledge of route decision points. In order to relate the recorded behaviour to the geometry of the environment, a specific adaptation of an isovist-based spatial analysis that accounts for directional bias in human spatial perception and representation was developed. The analyses applied provided conclusive evidence of correspondences between the geometrical properties of environments as captured by isovists and their mental representations.