Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A matter of feeling? The affective tone of organizational commitment and identification

This paper examines the relationship between organizational commitment, organizational identification, and self-reported affect at work. The results of a questionnaire survey of 365 engineers show that affective organizational commitment was correlated with experiencing more positive affective states. On the other hand, continuance commitment was not characterized as involving significant negative affect. Organizational identification was correlated with the frequency of both positive and negative affective states, but the correlation with positive affect was no longer significant when controlling for affective commitment. The paper concludes with comments on the nature of organizational commitment and identification, based on these findings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13 Ethical Decision Making: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going

Abstract Research on ethical decision making, or behavioral ethics, in organizations has developed from a small niche area to a burgeoning stand‐alone field, one that has gained not only in number of articles written but in the legitimacy of the topic and the field. Our review motivated us to first try and summarize the field, not by comparing it to existing theoretical paradigms, but rather by observing what the data were telling us. We present our summary in the form of a model of ethical decision making and a typology that distinguishes intentionality of actions from ethicality of actions. After presenting this summary of the data, we critically review the research in this area, noting those areas which offer substantial insight and those that do not. In looking to the future and how the field can enhance the former and mitigate the latter, we identify several areas in which meaningful progress can be made, including defining what is “ethical”, revisiting unsubstantiated assumptions, focusing on the pr.
Topography of human ankle joint: focused on posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

Most of foot pain occurs by the entrapment of the tibial nerve and its branches. Some studies have reported the location of the tibial nerve; however, textbooks and researches have not described the posterior tibial artery and the relationship between the tibal nerve and the posterior tibial artery in detail. The purpose of this study was to analyze the location of neurovascular structures and bifurcations of the nerve and artery in the ankle region based on the anatomical landmarks. Ninety feet of embalmed human cadavers were examined. All measurements were evaluated based on a reference line. Neurovascular structures were classified based on the relationship between the tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery. The bifurcation of arteries and nerves were expressed by X- and Y-coordinates. Based on the reference line, 9 measurements were examined. The most common type I (55.6%), was the posterior tibial artery located medial to the tibial nerve. Neurovascular structures were located less than 50% of the distance between M and C from M at the reference line. The bifurcation of the posterior tibial artery was 41% in X-coordinate, -38% in Y-coordinate, and that of the tibial nerve was 48%, and -10%, respectively. Thirteen measurements and classification showed statistically significant differences between both sexes (P<0.05). It is determined the average position of neurovascular structures in the human ankle region and recorded the differences between the sexes and amongst the populations. These results would be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of foot pain.
Views and Experiences of New Zealand Women with Gestational Diabetes in Achieving Glycaemic Control Targets: The Views Study

Introduction Optimal glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reduces maternal and infant morbidity. Method A survey was administered to women diagnosed with GDM to explore their views and experiences in achieving optimal glycaemic control. Results Sixty women participated. Enablers included being taught to test capillary blood glucose in group settings where the health professional demonstrated this on themselves first (60, 100%); health professionals listening (41, 68%); being reminded to perform blood glucose testing (33, 55%); and being provided healthy meals by friends and family (28, 47%). Barriers included not having information in a woman's first language (33, 55%); being offered unhealthy food (19, 31%); not being believed by health professionals (13, 21%); receiving inconsistent information by health professionals (10, 16%); never being seen twice by the same health professional (8, 13%); and long waiting hours at clinics (7, 11%). Two-thirds of women (37, 62%) reported that food costs were not a barrier, but that they were always or frequently hungry. Conclusion Optimising experiences for women with GDM for achieving glycaemic control and overcoming barriers, regardless of glycaemic targets, requires further focus on providing meaningful health literacy and support from health professionals, family, friends, and work colleagues.
Use of the multiple sclerosis functional composite as an outcome measure in a phase 3 clinical trial.

BACKGROUND The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is a multidimensional clinical outcome measure that includes quantitative tests of leg function/ambulation (Timed 25-Foot Walk), arm function (9-Hole Peg Test), and cognitive function (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test). The MSFC is the primary outcome measure in the ongoing multinational phase 3 trial of interferon beta-1a (Avonex) in patients with secondary progressive MS. OBJECTIVE To assess the practice effects, reliability, and validity of the MSFC clinical outcome measure. DESIGN Examining technicians underwent formal training using standardized materials. The MSFC was performed according to a standardized protocol. The 436 patients enrolled in the International Multiple Sclerosis Secondary Progressive Avonex Controlled Trial underwent 3 prebaseline MSFC testing sessions before randomization. RESULTS Practice effects were evident initially for the MSFC but stabilized by the fourth administration. The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test demonstrated the most prominent practice effects. The reliability of the MSFC was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient for session 3 (final prebaseline session) vs session 4 (baseline) of 0.90. The MSFC at baseline correlated moderately strongly with the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale. Among the MSFC components, the Timed 25-Foot Walk correlated most closely. Correlations among the 3 MSFC components were weak, suggesting they assess distinct aspects of neurologic function in patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS The MSFC demonstrated excellent intrarater reliability in this multinational phase 3 trial. Three prebaseline testing sessions were sufficient to compensate for practice effects. The pattern of correlations among the MSFC, its components, and the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale supported the validity of the MSFC.
Safety and Tolerability of CSL112, a Reconstituted, Infusible, Plasma-Derived Apolipoprotein A-I, After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Human or recombinant apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein–mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and to regress atherosclerotic disease in animal and clinical studies. CSL112 is an infusible, plasma-derived apoA-I that has been studied in normal subjects or those with stable coronary artery disease. This study aimed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CSL112 in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The AEGIS-I trial (Apo-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes I) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Patients with myocardial infarction were stratified by renal function and randomized 1:1:1 to CSL112 (2 g apoA-I per dose) and high-dose CSL112 (6 g apoA-I per dose), or placebo for 4 consecutive weekly infusions. Coprimary safety end points were occurrence of either a hepatic safety event (an increase in alanine transaminase >3 times the upper limit of normal or an increase in total bilirubin >2 times the upper limit of normal) or a renal safety event (an increase in serum creatinine >1.5 times the baseline value or a new requirement for renal replacement therapy). Results: A total of 1258 patients were randomized, and 91.2% received all 4 infusions. The difference in incidence rates for an increase in alanine transaminase or total bilirubin between both CSL112 arms and placebo was within the protocol-defined noninferiority margin of 4%. Similarly, the difference in incidence rates for an increase in serum creatinine or a new requirement for renal replacement therapy was within the protocol-defined noninferiority margin of 5%. CSL112 was associated with increases in apoA-I and ex vivo cholesterol efflux similar to that achieved in patients with stable coronary artery disease. In regard to the secondary efficacy end point, the risk for the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events among the groups was similar. Conclusions: Among patients with acute myocardial infarction, 4 weekly infusions of CSL112 are feasible, well tolerated, and not associated with any significant alterations in liver or kidney function or other safety concern. The ability of CSL112 to acutely enhance cholesterol efflux was confirmed. The potential benefit of CSL112 to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events needs to be assessed in an adequately powered phase 3 trial. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02108262.
Antibiotic consumption successfully reduced by a community intervention program.

BACKGROUND The association between antibiotic use in the community and antimicrobial resistance is known. Attention has recently focused on the type of agents being prescribed. OBJECTIVES To implement, evaluate and compare the efficacy of two community intervention programs--continuous versus seasonal medical education--oriented to primary care physicians with emphasis on the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs. METHODS From October 2000 to April 2003 we conducted two interventions: a) a monthly educational campaign in selected clinics promoting appropriate diagnosis of common infectious diseases and prudent antibiotic use (continuous intervention group); and b) a massive educational campaign, conducted before two consecutive winters, promoting the judicious use of antibiotics for treating respiratory infections (continuous intervention group and seasonal intervention group). Sixteen similar clinics were randomized (8 to each group). The total antibiotic use was measured as defined daily dose/1000 patients/day, and compared between the groups. RESULTS The total use of antibiotics decreased between 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 in both groups, but slightly more significantly in the continuous intervention group. The DDD/1000 patients/day for the seasonal group in 1999-2000 was 27.8 vs. 23.2 in 2002-2003; and for the continuous group 28.7 in 1999-2000 vs. 22.9 in 2002-2003, a reduction of 16.5% and 20.0% respectively (P < 0.0001). The main change in antibiotic use was noted for broad-spectrum antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS We present a successful community intervention program aimed to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Amplification of this type of intervention is imperative to stop the increase in antimicrobial resistance.
Sonderdrucke aus der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

Gerhard Hiesel Volker Michael Strocka, The Library of Nysa on the Meander. Preliminary Report of the Campaigns 2002-2006 Invited by the director of the Nysa excavations, Prof. Dr. Vedat Idil (Ankara), and sponsored hy the Gerda Henkel Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft from 2002 to 2006, a working group of the Archaeological Institute of the University of Freiburg i. Br. directed by the authors excavated a ruin in Nysa on the Meander which was long supposed to be a library. The building, about 25m long and 14tn wide, is to be dated around 130 A.D. because of its architectural ornaments. Typologically it corresponds to other Roman Imperial libraries, but it seems to be an archive, too, because of numerous secondary rooms. Finally it may have functioned as a court given the presence of an exedra like a tribunal. A magnificent marble sarcophagus, discovered in situ under the portico and datable to the same time as the building, points to private sponsorship. During the late 4th or early 5 th centuries the building was restored and changed internally apparently without loosing its furnier function. We cannot yet date the final destruction, presumably by an earthquake. In the 10` h century A.D. twelve tombs were placed amid the debris of the portico. Anschrift Prof. Dr. Gerhard Hiesel Prof. Dr. Volker Michael Strocka Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Archäologisches Institut Fahnenbergplatz Rektoratsgebäude D-79085 Freiburg i. Br. gerhard.hiesel@archaeologie. uni-freiburg.de Volker.Michael. Strocka@archaeologie. uni-freiburg.de Abbildungsnachweis Abb. 1: Zeichnung Elsbeth Raming • Abb. 6: Photo Strocka, Sept. 1971 • Abb. 11: Zeichnung Simon Hoffntann • Abb. 17: Zeichnung Nurcihan Kadioglu Alle übrigen Aufnahmen l'hotos der Nysa-Grabung, Freiburg, Archäologisches Institut Abkürzungen R • Raum OG • Obergeschoß
A light-weight proactive software change impact analysis using use case maps

Changing customer needs and technology are driving factors influencing software evolution. Consequently, there is a need to assess the impact of these changes on existing software systems. For many users, technology is no longer the main problem, and it is likely to become a progressively smaller problem as standard solutions are provided by technology vendors. Instead, research will focus on the interface of the software with business practices. There exists a need to raise the level of abstraction further by analyzing and predicting the impact of changes at the specification level. In this research, we present a lightweight approach to identify the impact of requirement changes at the specification level. We use specification information included in use case maps to analyze the potential impact of requirement changes on a system.
Time course of information processing during scene perception: The relationship between saccade amplitude and fixation duration

The present study focuses on two aspects of the time course of visual information processing during the perception of natural scenes. The first aspect is the change of fixation duration and saccade amplitude during the first couple of seconds of the inspection period, as has been described by Buswell (1935), among others. This common effect suggests that the saccade amplitude and fixation duration are in some way controlled by the same mechanism. A simple exponential model containing two parameters can describe the phenomena quite satisfactorily. The parameters of the model show that saccade amplitude and fixation duration may be controlled by a common mechanism. The second aspect under scrutiny is the apparent lack of correlation between saccade amplitude and fixation duration (Viviani, 1990). The present study shows that a strong but nonlinear relationship between saccade amplitude and fixation duration does exist in picture viewing. A model, based on notions laid out by Findlay and Walker's (1999) model of saccade generation and on the idea of two modes of visual processing (Trevarthen, 1968), was developed to explain this relationship. The model both fits the data quite accurately and can explain a number of related phenomena.
Effectiveness of Weekly Supplementation of Iron to Control Anaemia Among Adolescent Girls of Nashik, Maharashtra, India

A national nutritional anaemia-control programme in India, focusing on supplementation of iron to pregnant women after the first trimester of pregnancy, failed to make an impact. It is prudent to recommend the correction of iron stores before the woman becomes pregnant. ‘Efficacy’ of weekly supplementation of iron has been proved to improve iron stores in adolescence in many studies abroad and in India. The objective was to study the ‘effectiveness’ of a weekly iron-supplementation regimen among urban-slum, rural, and tribal girls of Nashik district, Maharashtra, India. A baseline and the mid-term assessments were done using the cluster-sampling techniques. In each stratum, 30 clusters were identified. Twelve and 10 adolescent girls from each cluster were identified in the baseline and mid-term surveys respectively. The haemoglobin estimation was done using the HemoCue system. Data were analyzed using the Epi Info software (version 6.04). The overall prevalence of anaemia came down significantly to 54.3% from 65.3%. The decline was statistically significant (p<0.001) in tribal girls (48.6% from 68.9%) and among rural girls (51.6% from 62.8%). But the decline was not statistically significant among urban slum girls. Similarly, a significant rise in the mean haemoglobin levels was seen among tribal and rural girls. However, it did not increase significantly among urban slum girls. The programme had performed poorly in urban-slum areas, as the mean number of tablets consumed in urban-slum areas was only 5.6±3.3, as against 6.7±2.6 tablets in tribal girls and 7.2±2.2 tablets in rural girls. Considering the biological and operational feasibility and the effectiveness of the intervention, weekly supplementation of iron to adolescent girls should be universally started to correct the iron stores of a woman before she becomes pregnant.
Mechanistic model of evolutionary rate variation en route to a nonphotosynthetic lifestyle in plants

Significance Parasitism is a proven way of life that brings about extraordinary phenotypic and genetic modifications. Obtaining organic carbon from a host rather than synthesizing it, nonphotosynthetic plants lose unneeded genes for photosynthesis from their plastid genomes, while essential genes in the same subgenome may evolve rapidly. We show that long before the nonphotosynthetic lifestyle is established, losses of functional complexes repeatedly trigger the disruption of evolutionary stasis, resulting in “roller-coaster rate variation” along the transition to full parasitism. Our model of the molecular evolutionary principles of plastid genome degradation under modified selective constraints makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the complexity of genetic switches in relation to lifestyle changes. Because novel environmental conditions alter the selection pressure on genes or entire subgenomes, adaptive and nonadaptive changes will leave a measurable signature in the genomes, shaping their molecular evolution. We present herein a model of the trajectory of plastid genome evolution under progressively relaxed functional constraints during the transition from autotrophy to a nonphotosynthetic parasitic lifestyle. We show that relaxed purifying selection in all plastid genes is linked to obligate parasitism, characterized by the parasite’s dependence on a host to fulfill its life cycle, rather than the loss of photosynthesis. Evolutionary rates and selection pressure coevolve with macrostructural and microstructural changes, the extent of functional reduction, and the establishment of the obligate parasitic lifestyle. Inferred bursts of gene losses coincide with periods of relaxed selection, which are followed by phases of intensified selection and rate deceleration in the retained functional complexes. Our findings suggest that the transition to obligate parasitism relaxes functional constraints on plastid genes in a stepwise manner. During the functional reduction process, the elevation of evolutionary rates reaches several new rate equilibria, possibly relating to the modified protein turnover rates in heterotrophic plastids.
A Comparison of the Content, Authors, and Institutions Represented in the Career Development Quarterly and the Journal of Vocational Behavior.

Abstract The present study examined the content in the Career Development Quarterly ( CDQ ) and the Journal of Vocational Behavior ( JVB ) for a 20-year period. A total of 791 CDQ articles and 1062 JVB articles were classified into the substantive areas of career research and practice devised by Fitzgerald and Rounds (1989). Additionally, author, institutional affiliations, and leading contributors were examined. Results of the study identified two principal areas of research activity and publication for each journal. For CDQ , the two principal areas were "life-span perspectives on career development" and "career interventions. " For JVB , the two principal areas were "the person-environment perspective on vocational choice" and "the assessment of vocational behavior. " Together, these four areas accounted for 63.5% of the articles classified for both journals. Overall, content for both journals has remained relatively stable over the years. Additionally, very little overlap exists between the authors contributing to the journals, and only slightly more commonality is observed between the institutional affiliations of the two sets of authors.
Clinical child psychology practice and training: A survey

A survey of members of Section 1 of Division 12, APA, was conducted to collect information about their practice and training. Results from 358 respondents show that most work in applied settings and spend most of their professional time with children between ages 5 and 10. Approaches to clinical practice tend to be eclectic with an equal degree of influence of psychodynamic and behavioral traditions. The kinds of assessment and therapeutic techniques utilized in practice reflect mainly traditional influences. Very few of the respondents received formal specialty training in clinical child psychology or completed programs with optional concentrations of courses within general clinical psychology. In evaluating their training, respondents rank postdoctoral fellowship training as the most valuable level and consider individual supervision, child‐oriented coursework and experience with children the most valuable features of their training. The ideal training program compiled from the respondents would include.