Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular function.

A review was made of 69 cases manifesting congestive right-side heart failure among 1, 910 cases who had undergone cardiac catheterization at the Department of Pediatrics, Tenri Hospital. Hemodynamic and angiographic studies were made in 32 cases which had undergone corrective surgery of tetralogy of Fallot at ages between l to 14 more than 2 years earlier. The circulatory responses to exercise were also studied in 21 patients to evaluate the pumping performance of the heart. Although all patients but 2 with operatively corrected tetralogy of Follot are quite asymptomatic, there were elevations of RVEDP noted despite the absence significant residual pulmonary stenosis at rest. In addition, patients revealed abnormal hemodynamic response to exercise. It was also noted that among patients with residual pulmonary stenosis a large systolic pressure gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract appeared during exercise. In addition to the evaluation of residual pulmonary stenosis by routine catheterization, the clinical importance of the evaluation of right ventricular performance in response to exercise following operative correction of tetralogy of Fallot was identified as an essential feature in long-term medical management.
Orbital scintigraphy with [111In-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-D-phe1]-octreotide predicts the clinical response to corticosteroid therapy in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Corticosteroid treatment is successfully used in Graves' ophthalmopathy, and its effect varies according to the phase of the disease. The infiltration of the orbit by activated lymphocytes may explain the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy. Scintigraphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide was recently used to reveal the presence of activated lymphocytes in foci of autoimmune diseases, because elevated amounts of somatostatin receptors are expressed in the surface of these cells. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether the degree of orbital [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide uptake is able to predict the response to corticosteroid therapy in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ten patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy entered the study. In all patients scintigraphy was performed, and subsequently, corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone, 1 g i.v. for 2 consecutive days a week for 6 weeks) was given. Clinical activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy was evaluated before and after treatment by calculating the ophthalmopathy index (OI). Planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of the head were obtained 24 h after the i.v. injection of 120-190 MBq of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide. Radioligand uptake within each orbit (O) and brain (B) was measured using the region of interests (ROI) method and the O-to-B ratio was determined. According to the O-to-B ratio, the images were classified using the following three points score: 0 = O-to-B ratio < or =1; 1 = O-to-B ratio between 1 and 2.5; 2 = O-to-B ratio > or =2.5. The value of OI, measured before and after corticosteroid treatment, was correlated to the scintigraphic score. A significant change of OI was observed between posttreatment and pretreatment evaluation both in orbits with score 2 (OI: 15.4 +/- 1.5 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.5, P < 0.005) and in those with score 1 or 0 (OI: 12.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 11.5 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05) at the scintigraphy. However, when the OI was calculated excluding the changes in the soft tissue, which generally occur in all patients independently from the phase of the disease, a significant change of OI was observed only in the orbits with score 2 (OI: 12.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.5, P < 0.01) but not in those with score 0 or 1 (OI: 11.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 10.4 +/- 1.3). In particular, 6 weeks after corticosteroid treatment, the patients with orbital score 2 at the scintigraphy had a significant improvement of soft tissue changes, proptosis, lagophthalmos, extraocular muscle movements impairment, and diplopia, whereas patients with score 0 or 1 had only a significant improvement of the soft tissue inflammation. In conclusion, the current preliminary data suggested that [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide scintigraphy is able to predict the clinical response to corticosteroid treatment in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, and may be considered an useful approach to select the patients for the proper treatment.
Orthogonal canonical correlation analysis and its application in feature fusion

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is an important method for multiple feature extraction and fusion. The canonical projective vectors in classical CCA method satisfy conjugated orthogonality constraints. However, the conjugated orthogonality property is badly affected by the small sample size (SSS) problem so that the projections in the classical CCA method are usually not optimal in such case for recognition purpose. Orthogonality, as a common criterion, is widely used in feature extraction. Moreover, it is less affected by poor estimation of covariance matrix. In this paper, we propose a novel canonical correlation analysis method with orthogonality constraints called Orthogonal CCA (OCCA). We replace the conjugated orthogonality constraints in classical CCA by introducing orthogonality constraints, and then a novel algorithm based on twin eigen decomposition is proposed to gradually obtain the orthogonal canonical projective vectors. Experimental results on UCI multiple feature database, and ORL face database show that OCCA has better recognition rates and robustness than previous feature fusion methods.
Cerebral Hemodynamic Reserve and Vascular Remodeling in C57/BL6 Mice Are Influenced by Age

Background and Purpose— Age is the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke. Recent experiments evidenced an age-associated rarefaction of the native collateral vasculature. The purpose of this study was to assess in what way age and arteriogenesis influence cortical perfusion and recovery of hemodynamic impairment in aged and young C57/BL6 mice. Methods— After model establishment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the C57/BL6 strain, sustained hemodynamic impairment was induced by permanent unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion in animals aged 4 to 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 18 months. Functional and morphological outcome was assessed by laser speckle imaging before and during acetazolamide challenge on Days 0, 3, 7, and 14 and latex/carbon black angiography and immunohistochemistry on Day 21. Results— Although internal carotid artery occlusion did not result in a reduction of baseline perfusion, it led to significant hemodynamic impairment in all age groups. Furthermore, baseline perfusion in sham and cerebrovascular reactivity after internal carotid artery occlusion were significantly lower in animals aged 18 months (468±57 Flux; 20.8%±17%) compared with mice aged 4 to 6 weeks (568±120 Flux; 30.3%±17%) and 12 weeks (591±72 Flux; 34.2%±12%) from the beginning until Day 7 of the monitoring period. Functional outcome was in line with a 27% reduction of native leptomeningeal anastomoses in aged mice and only limited collateral outgrowth compared with young animals. Strikingly, all age groups reached spontaneous functional compensation by Day 14. Conclusions— Next to limited collateral remodeling, our results suggest that a hampered cerebrovascular response with age could intensify the risk for hemodynamic stroke in the elderly.
The question of Zion

Zionism was inspired as a movement - one driven by the search for a homeland for the stateless and persecuted Jewish people. Yet it trampled the rights of the Arabs in Palestine. Today it has become so controversial that it defies understanding and trumps reasoned public debate. So argues prominent British writer Jacqueline Rose, who uses her political and psychoanalytic skills in this book to take an unprecedented look at Zionism - one of the most powerful ideologies of modern times. Rose enters the inner world of the movement and asks a new set of questions. How did Zionism take shape as an identity? And why does it seem so immutable? Analyzing the messianic fervor of Zionism, she argues that it colors Israel's most profound self-image to this day. Rose also explores the message of dissidents, who, while believing themselves the true Zionists, warned at the outset against the dangers of statehood for the Jewish people. She suggests that these dissidents were prescient in their recognition of the legitimate claims of the Palestinian Arabs. In fact, she writes, their thinking holds the knowledge the Jewish state needs today in order to transform itself. In perhaps the most provocative part of her analysis, Rose proposes that the link between the Holocaust and the founding of the Jewish state, so often used to justify Israel's policies, needs to be rethought in terms of the shame felt by the first leaders of the nation toward their own European history. For anyone concerned with the conflict in Israel-Palestine, this timely book offers a unique understanding of Zionism as an unavoidable psychic and historical force.
The Biomechanical Significance of Washer Use With Screw Fixation

Objectives: Washers can be used with lag screws during fracture fixation to optimize compression and minimize the risk of unintentional intrusion of the screw head through cortical bone during screw insertion. The concept of using washers to optimize screw fixation is particularly applicable to iliosacral screw fixation and screw fixation of the femoral neck, distal femur, as well as the proximal and distal tibia. However, there is a paucity of literature on this topic. The purpose of this study was to detail the biomechanical consequences of washer use and screw intrusion. Methods: Partially threaded 7.0-mm cannulated screws with and without washers were placed through synthetic bone blocks fabricated to simulate cortical and cancellous bone. A load cell was used to measure the compressive force before and after screw intrusion. Screws were tested with a washer (n = 8), without a washer (n = 8), and with a washer after initially being intruded (n = 8). Results: Screws inserted with washers generated significantly more compressive force than screws inserted without washers before screw intrusion. After intrusion, compressive force decreased significantly under all conditions, but screws inserted with washers maintained greater compressive force than screws inserted without washers. Screws with washers reinserted after intrusion without a washer, produced almost as much compressive force as screws inserted with washers primarily. Conclusions: Screw intrusion during fracture fixation results in a loss of compressive force that may compromise fixation quality. Washers are advantageous in that they allow for more compression to be generated before intrusion occurs and can be used to salvage compressive force of intruded screws.
The Effect of Rotation , Tillage , Fertility , and Variety on Rice Grain Yield

Average grain yield for the full-season varieties, over all treatment combinations, was 165 bu/acre. This average was impacted primarily by variety differences with ‘Wells’ averaging 180 bu/acre and ‘Cybonnet’ averaging 152 bu/acre. There were no significant differences between rotation, tillage, or fertility main-effect treatments. Summaries of grain yields for the main effect of tillage indicated that no-till treatments were equal to or higher than conventional-till treatments in 6 of 7 years. In all 7 years, lowest grain yields were from the continuous rice rotation while highest yields were from the two rotations that included rice every third year. There was no difference in rice-grain yields in the two-phase rotations that had either soybeans or corn as alternate crops. Fertility had no significant effect on grain yield in any of the 7 years summarized in this study. Variety differences occurred only after Cybonnet was introduced to the study as a replacement for ‘LaGrue’. Summarized results illustrate a potential to reduce production costs by reducing or eliminating tillage and reducing fertilizer rates. Low grain yields in the continuous rice rotation are a concern only if they are sufficiently low to reduce net returns below those of alternate crops used in the rotation.
Modelling the “Aoristic Drift of the Present Perfect” as Inflation An Essay in Historical Pragmatics

In this article, the diachronic tendency of present perfect forms to become more and more past tense-like is analysed in terms of an inflationary process within an Iterated Learning Model. The paper proposes to improve on current accounts of the diachrony of present perfects (mostly set in the framework of grammaticalisation theory) by making explicit a selfreinforcing causal mechanism that drives the process, namely that speakers overestimate the current relevance contribution of their utterances. The main theoretical issue is to develop an explicit account of language change where modifications in a linguistic system are long-term effects of the use of language, or, put differently, of speaker-hearer interaction and the biases that act upon them.
Running the risk: police officer discretion and family violence in New Zealand

As in other jurisdictions, the police in New Zealand have a poor record of responding to domestic violence, a category of crime widely perceived within New Zealand to be a particularly extensive problem relative to other societies. Against that background policy developments have focused on developing risk assessment techniques as a basis for identifying cases of family and domestic violence that are likely to escalate. Using interviews with frontline police officers, this article explores police officers' attitudes towards these investigating methods and their experiences of interviewing victims of family violence in order to gain information about risk. It is argued that while officer attitudes towards risk assessment in general terms might vary, in practice the majority of officers do not complete risk assessment processes in accordance with police policy, even if they support the practice in principle. The reasons for this, it is argued, have more to do with officer negotiation of the demands of routine patrol work and time-management processes that contribute to the marginalisation of bureaucratic procedures. Supervisors and managers compound the perception that these tasks are of second-order importance. In these ways there are cultural and managerial barriers to the more effective policing of family violence; however, the reduction of officer discretion through policy and procedure seems unlikely to provide a viable solution. A professional practice model might be more effective if officers can be trained and educated about the role of risk assessment in this context and the importance of their role as data collectors; although this does not fit easily with traditional concepts of ‘real policework’.
comparative genomics Lack of vascular connexin 40 is associated with hypertension and irregular arteriolar vasomotion 1

de Wit, Cor, Frederik Roos, Steffen-Sebastian Bolz, and Ulrich Pohl. Lack of vascular connexin 40 is associated with hypertension and irregular arteriolar vasomotion. PhysiolGenomics13:169–177,2003;10.1152/physiolgenomics. 00169.2002. —Gap-junctional communication coordinates the behavior of individual cells in arterioles. Gap junctions are formed by connexins 40 (Cx40), Cx43, Cx37, and Cx45 in the vasculature. Previously, we have shown that lack of Cx40 impairs conduction of dilatory signals along arterioles. Herein, we examined whether hypertension is present in conscious animals and whether this is a direct effect or due to secondary mechanisms. Mean arterial pressure was elevated by 20–25 mmHg in conscious Cx40-deficient mice (Cx40 / ) compared with wild-type controls in both sexes. Differences in heart rate were not observed. Blockade of NO synthase increased pressure equally in both genotypes. Conversely, the angiotensin AT1-receptor antagonist, candesartan, decreased pressure to similar extents in Cx40 / and wild-type mice. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (0.05–15 nmol) were equally potent and effective in decreasing pressure and inducing dilatory responses in the microcirculation. However, in contrast to wild type, Cx40 / arterioles exhibited spontaneous, irregular vasomotion leading temporarily to complete vessel closure. We conclude that loss of Cx40 is associated with hypertension independent of the action of angiotensin II. It is also not related to an altered efficacy of NO or other endothelial dilators. However, the observed irregular vasomotion suggests that peripheral vascular resistance is affected.
8-Hydroxyquinolinium 2-carboxyacetate

In the title compound, C9H8NO+·C3H3O4 −, the cation and anion are each essentially planar, with maximum deviations of 0.043 (1) and 0.060 (1) Å, respectively. The dihedral angle between these two planes is 2.20 (4)°. The conformation of the anion is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which forms an S(6) ring motif. The hydroxy group of the oxine unit makes a hydrogen bond with the one of the O atoms of the carboxylate group of the 2-carboxyacetate anion. Two other carboxylate O atoms form R 2 2(7) ring motifs via intermolecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is consolidated by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions, which link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional network.
Exploiting Multi-Word Units in History-Based Probabilistic Generation

We present a simple history-based model for sentence generation from LFG f-structures, which improves on the accuracy of previous models by breaking down PCFG independence assumptions so that more f-structure conditioning context is used in the prediction of grammar rule expansions. In addition, we present work on experiments with named entities and other multi-word units, showing a statistically significant improvement of generation accuracy. Tested on section 23 of the Penn Wall Street Journal Treebank, the techniques described in this paper improve BLEU scores from 66.52 to 68.82, and coverage from 98.18% to 99.96%.
Alienation, Exploitation, and Social Media

This article is a critical examination of how capitalism has adapted to the explosion of websites devoted to user-generated content (commonly referred to as social media or Web 2.0). The author proceeds by reviewing how Marx applies the concepts of alienation and exploitation to his paradigmatic example (i.e., the factory); the author then attempts to extend the logic of both concepts to determine what they might reveal about the structural conditions of social media. A difference of prime importance between the two case studies is that factory work is wage labor coerced by economic necessity, whereas use of social networking sites is apparently voluntary and done freely. The author concludes by arguing that social media users are subject to levels of exploitation relatively consistent with industrial capitalism, whereas the structural conditions of the digital economy link profitability to a reduction in the intensity of alienation. Finally, he infers that social media is not economically beneficial to most users.
Co-morbidity Across Levels of Hospital Security

This study explores the prevalence of co-morbid mental illness and substance abuse across three levels of hospital security (non-secure, medium and high secure). The medical records of 428 individuals with a mental illness were examined for evidence of a history of co-morbid substance abuse and criminal convictions. Abuse of solvents, hallucinogens, cocaine and poly-substance abuse were all found to be more likely in the high secure mentally ill population compared to the non-forensic (non-secure) mentally ill population. Therefore not only was the prevalence of co-morbidity greater at higher levels of security but the type of substances abused by high secure patients were also different from the types abused by non-forensic patients. There were some unexpected findings, most notably high secure patients were significantly less likely to abuse alcohol than non-forensic patients. The validity of these findings is discussed. Across the whole sample violent crime was particularly associated with abuse of cannabis, solvents, hallucinogens and poly-substance abuse. However even after controlling for violent crime, significantly higher levels of substance abuse were found at higher levels of hospital security.
A Differential Monolithically Integrated Inductive Linear Displacement Measurement Microsystem

An inductive linear displacement measurement microsystem realized as a monolithic Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is presented. The system comprises integrated microtransformers as sensing elements, and analog front-end electronics for signal processing and demodulation, both jointly fabricated in a conventional commercially available four-metal 350-nm CMOS process. The key novelty of the presented system is its full integration, straightforward fabrication, and ease of application, requiring no external light or magnetic field source. Such systems therefore have the possibility of substituting certain conventional position encoder types. The microtransformers are excited by an AC signal in MHz range. The displacement information is modulated into the AC signal by a metal grating scale placed over the microsystem, employing a differential measurement principle. Homodyne mixing is used for the demodulation of the scale displacement information, returned by the ASIC as a DC signal in two quadrature channels allowing the determination of linear position of the target scale. The microsystem design, simulations, and characterization are presented. Various system operating conditions such as frequency, phase, target scale material and distance have been experimentally evaluated. The best results have been achieved at 4 MHz, demonstrating a linear resolution of 20 µm with steel and copper scale, having respective sensitivities of 0.71 V/mm and 0.99 V/mm.
Executive cognitive deficits in primary dystonia

Primary dystonia is a disorder of movement for which no consistent pathophysiology has been identified; in the absence of evidence to the contrary, it is assumed to be cognitively benign. We have studied a clinically heterogeneous group of 14 patients with primary dystonia on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Despite well‐preserved speed of information processing, language, spatial, memory and general intellectual skills relative to normal controls, we have identified a constellation of attentional–executive cognitive deficits on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Specifically, patients demonstrated significant difficulties negotiating the extra‐dimensional set‐shifting phase of the IED task. The implications of these findings for the pathophysiology of primary dystonia are discussed. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of a significant cognitive deficit in patients with primary dystonia. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Représentations de l'environnement et de l'agir dans l'environnement chez des élèves du primaire des Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, Canada

Les milieux insulaires, de par leur diversite et leurs caracteristiques propres, constituent des objets d'etude interessants en education relative a l'environnement. Celle-ci peut s'appuyer sur l'identite et sur l'attachement aux lieux, particulierement forts chez les habitants des iles. Notre recherche a consiste a recueillir les representations de l'environnement et l'agir dans l'environnement aupres des jeunes eleves du primaire des Iles-de-la-Madeleine. L'etude des representations sociales de l'environnement nous a conduites a l'elaboration d'un modele d'intervention educative repondant aux particularites de la population etudiee.