Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrates and Energy Balance

In the early 1970s carbohydrates (CHOs) were believed to induce overconsumption and excess fat deposition. They are now perceived to protect against these consequences. This paper evaluates the evidence for this change of interpretation by considering (1) the energy content of CHOs, (2) the energetic efficiency with which they are handled by the body, and (3) their effects on appetite, relative to other macronutrients. CHOs are the least energy-dense macronutrients (delta Hc) and exhibit the greatest variability in digestibility. Doubling the usual levels of nonstarch polysaccharides (fiber) may decrease digestibility of a Western diet by 5%. De novo lipogenesis from dietary CHO is energetically inefficient but very limited on Western diets, which are relatively high in fat. There appears to be a hierarchy (protein > CHO > fat) in the extent to which the stores of the macronutrients are autoregulated by oxidation. Excess CHO intake tends to promote storage (but not de novo synthesis) of fat. The thermogenic effects of CHO are therefore relatively limited on Western diets. Per MJ of energy ingested, macronutrients differentially affect satiety (protein > CHO > fat) under conditions where fat is disproportionately energy dense. Isoenergetically dense loads of fat and CHO exert less pronounced differences on satiety. Under some conditions HC diets promote excess energy intakes. There is little evidence that a CHO-rich diet, or one with intense sweeteners, promotes spontaneous weight loss.
Probabilistic Normalisation and Unpacking of Packed Parse Forests for Unification-based Grammars

The research described below forms part of a wider programme to develop a practical parser for naturally-occurring natural language input which is capable of returning the n-best syntacticallydeterminate analyses, containing that which is semantically and pragmatically most appropriate (preferably as the highest ranked) from the exponential (in sentence length) syntactically legitimate possibilities (Church & Patil 1983), which can frequently run into the thousands with realistic sentences and grammars. We have opted to develop a domain-independent solution to this problem based on integrating statistical Markov modelling techniques, which offer the potential for rapid tuning to different sublanguages / corpora on the basis of supervised training, with linguistically-adequate grammatical (language) models, capable of returning analyses detailed enough to support semantic interpretation
A Stable SRAM Cell Design Against Simultaneously R/W Disturbed Accesses

A guarantee obligation of keeping the cell-margin against a simultaneously read and write (R/W) disturbed accesses in the same column is required to a 2-port SRAM. We verified that it is difficult to provide these margins without any decrease in cell-current and any increase in cell-area penalty only by using the previously proposed techniques so far. To solve this, we have developed the new cell design technology for an 8-Tr 2-port cell in a 65-nm CMOS technology and have demonstrated that the R/W margins can be improved by 45%/70%, respectively at 0.9V, and the cell-size can be reduced by 20% compared with the conventional column-based Vdd control. Another 7-Tr cell which can reduce cell-area by 31% has been also demonstrated
The Symptom Experience of Neobladder Recipients: Characteristics and Related Factors

Background: Neobladder implantation has become the preferred means of handling urinary diversion following a cystectomy. However, this surgical procedure frequently results in side effects and complications for the patient. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine neobladder recipient symptom experience, characteristics, and related factors. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 53 patients who underwent a radical cystectomy and received a neobladder were recruited from a medical center in southern Taiwan. Data were collected from March 2004 to July 2005 by telephone interview using structured questionnaires. Results: The five most frequent symptoms for both genders included decreased sexual function, urinary incontinence, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and fatigue. We found significantly higher scores for women in sleep disturbance (p = .03), anxiety (p = .05), fatigue (p = .05), and decreased appetite (p = .01) variables. Length of hospital stay correlated positively and complete continence duration correlated negatively with symptom experience. Two factors, gender and duration until complete continence, together explained 72.0% of symptom experience variance (42.7% and 29.3% of variance, respectively). Conclusions and Implications for Practice: A better understanding of the symptom experience of neobladder recipients and its related factors can improve the symptom appraisal efforts of physicians, enabling them to provide better quality postsurgical and discharge care and ultimately increase neobladder recipient quality of life.
Relation between spiritual intelligence and clinical competency of nurses in Iran

Background: Clinical competency is one of the most important requirements in nursing profession, based on which nurses are assessed. To obtain an effective and improved form of clinical competency, several factors are observed and monitored by the health educational systems. Among these observed factors, spiritual intelligence is considered as one of the most significant factors in nurses' success and efficacy. In this study, it is aimed to determine the spiritual intelligence status and its relationship with clinical competency. Materials and Methods: The descriptive–correlational research was carried out on 250 nurses in Mashhad educational hospitals, selected by multi-stage sampling. Demographic, clinical competency, and spiritual intelligence questionnaires were used for data collection and 212 questionnaires were analyzed. Results: About 53.3% of nurses obtained above average scores in spiritual intelligence. Clinical competency was evaluated by both self-evaluation and head nurse evaluation methods. Most nurses (53.8%) were having good level of clinical competency based on self-evaluation, 48.2% were at average level based on head nurse evaluation, and 53.3% were at average level based on overall score. A significant correlation was found between spiritual intelligence and clinical competency. Conclusions: In this study, the positive significant correlation between nurses' spiritual intelligence and their clinical competency is investigated. Because of the positive effects of spiritual intelligence on nurses' clinical competency and quality of care, it is recommended to develop nurses' spiritual intelligence during their education and by way of continuous medical education.
Behavioral analysis of fast flux service networks

Here we present a behavioral analysis of fast flux service networks (FFSNs) using our database of FFSNs collected over a period of 9 months. FFSNs exploit a network of compromised machines (zombies) for illegal activities such as spam campaigns, phishing scams and malware delivery using DNS record manipulation techniques. In this paper, we use our fast flux domain and IP database collected using our real-time fast flux network detection algorithm to analyze the behavior of fast flux networks [1]. Our results show that such networks share common lifecycle characteristics, and form clusters based on size, growth and type of malicious behavior.
Mode III Stress Intensity Factors of Surface Crack in Round Bars

This study presents a numerical investigation on the stress intensity factors (SIF), K of surface cracks in round bars that were obtained under pure torsion loadings or mode III. ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the SIFs along the crack front of surface cracks embedded in the solid circular bars. 20-node isoparametric singular elements were used around the crack tip by shifting the mid-side node ¼-position close to a crack tip. Different crack aspect ratio, a/b were used ranging between 0.0 to 1.2 and relative crack depth, a/D were ranged between 0.1 to 0.6. Mode I SIF, KI obtained under bending moment was used to validate the proposed model and it was assumed this proposed model validated for analyzing mode III problems. It was found that, the mode II SIF, FII and mode III SIF, FIII were dependent on the crack geometries and the sites of crack growth were also dependent on a/b and a/D.
An experimental study on the observation of facts in explanation reconstruction

Explanation reconstruction performs a crucial role not only in the progress of science but also in educational practices and daily activities, including the comprehension of phenomena. In this study, we conducted experiments to examine the factors that facilitate shifts in explanations. We focused on the transition of attention on a key fact that contradicts an initial explanation and has a central role in its reconstruction. We used a short story as an experimental material in which participants first constructed an initial explanation and then reconstructed it. In the experiment, we controlled the time of presentation of the key fact (bottom-up condition), reflective thinking (topdown condition), and the two together (bidirectional condition) to facilitate understanding of the explanatory shift. The experimental results are summarized as follows. First, when the prior explanation was rejected, attention to the key fact was inhibited although a new explanation was required. Second, the successful group increased their attention on the key fact just before the explanatory shift. Third, protection of the preceding explanation with unobserved facts was inhibited by guiding the participants ’attention toward the key fact. Finally, although the initial explanation was not completely shifted, a explanatory pre-shift was achieved by activating reflective thinking with attention to the key fact.
What contributes to hope in the cancer patient?

Cancer is generally seen as an ominous life-threatening disease which creates, for its victims, highly problematic, foreboding futures. However, when I interviewed 24 patients receiving radiation therapy at two urban medical centers, I found that most did not define their futures as threatening. Rather, they tended to vacillate between hope and doubt, with hopefulness the more common response. These patients were from other communities, 17 were over 50 years old, and 10 were coming for initial treatment of their diseases.
Shifts in the Source and Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter in Southwest Greenland Lakes Along a Regional Hydro‐climatic Gradient

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and quality were examined from Arctic lakes located in three clusters across south‐west (SW) Greenland, covering the regional climatic gradient: cool, wet coastal zone; dry inland interior; and cool, dry ice‐marginal areas. We hypothesized that differences in mean annual precipitation between sites would result in a reduced hydrological connectivity between lakes and their catchments and that this concentrates degraded DOM. The DOM in the inland lake group was characterized by a lower aromaticity and molecular weight, a low soil‐like fluorescence, and carbon stable isotope (δ13C‐DOC) values enriched by ~2‰ relative to the coastal group. DOC‐specific absorbance (SUVA254) and DOC‐specific soil‐like fluorescence (SUVFC1) revealed seasonal and climatic gradients across which DOM exhibited a dynamic we term “pulse‐process”: Pulses of DOM exported from soils to lakes during snow and ice melt were followed by pulses of autochthonous DOM inputs (possibly from macrophytes), and their subsequent photochemical and microbial processing. These effects regulated the dynamics of DOM in the inland lakes and suggested that if circumpolar lakes currently situated in cool wetter climatic regimes with strong hydrological connectivity have reduced connectivity under a drier future climate, they may evolve toward an end‐point of large stocks of highly degraded DOC, equivalent to the inland lakes in the present study. The regional climatic gradient across SW Greenland and its influence on DOM properties in these lakes provide a model of possible future changes to lake C cycling in high‐latitude systems where climatic changes are most pronounced.
L-Glutamine Supplementation Alleviates Constipation during Late Gestation of Mini Sows by Modifying the Microbiota Composition in Feces

Constipation occurs frequently in both sows and humans, particularly, during late gestation. The microbial community of the porcine gut, the enteric microbiota, plays a critical role in functions that sustain intestinal health. Hence, microbial regulation during pregnancy may be important to prevent host constipation. The present study was conducted to determine whether L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation improved intestinal function and alleviated constipation by regulation of enteric microbiota. 16S rRNA sequences obtained from fecal samples from 9 constipated sows (3 in the constipation group and 6 in the 1.0% Gln group) were assessed from gestational day 70 to 84. Comparative analysis showed that the abundance of intestinal-friendly microbiota, that is, Bacteroidetes (P = 0.007) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.037), was comparatively increased in the 1.0% Gln group, while the abundance of pernicious bacteria, Oscillospira (P < 0.001) and Treponema (P = 0.011), was decreased. Dietary supplementation with 1.0% Gln may ameliorate constipation of sows by regulated endogenous gut microbiota.
Assessing and comparing influencing factors of residual stresses in selective laser melting using a novel analysis method

During selective laser melting, the irradiated material experiences large temperature fluctuations in a short time which causes unwanted thermal stresses. In order to assess thermal stresses in a simple and fast way, a new pragmatic method is developed, namely the bridge curvature method. The bridge curvature method is used to assess and qualitatively compare the influence of different laser scan patterns, laser parameter settings and more fundamental process changes on residual stresses. The results from the experiments, as well as the findings from literature, lead to two general conclusions: changes that reduce the high temperature gradient, like using short scan vectors and preheating of the base plate, reduce the thermal stresses. And, thermal stresses in a particular direction can be reduced by optimal choice of the orientation of scan vectors. The experiments indicate the reliability of the bridge curvature method. Statistical analysis is used to check the repeatability of the method and to quantify the uncertainties during measurement.
Innovative SiGe HBT Topologies With Improved Electrothermal Behavior

This paper investigates alternative topologies of silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors designed and fabricated in the state-of-the-art BiCMOS process from STMicroelectronics for improved safe-operating characteristics. Electrical and thermal behaviors of various structures are analyzed and compared, along with a detailed discussion on drawbacks and advantages. The test structures under study are different in terms of emitter-finger layouts as well as the metal stacks in the back-end-of-line. It is observed that the multifinger transistor structures having nonuniform finger lengths with wider area enclosed by the deep trench and higher metallization stacks yield an improved thermal behavior. Therefore, the safe-operating area of multifinger transistors can be extended without degrading the RF performances.
Emulation in manufacturing engineering processes

In our research, the manufacturing system emulation technology is proposed as one of the frontloading methods in the manufacturing system implementation phase. In this paper, the roles of the manufacturing system emulation technology in manufacturing engineering processes are summarized based on our analysis for the typical manufacturing engineering processes. The manufacturing system emulation environment (MSEE) to implement the manufacturing system emulation is proposed and developed. MSEE consists of our developed manufacturing cell emulator, our developed soft-wiring system, and the industrial network middleware which is one of the semi-standard middlewares. The validation of our proposed environment was carried out through a case study.
Arabidopsis, a Model to Study Biological Functions of Isoprene Emission?1[OA]

The volatile hemiterpene isoprene is emitted from plants and can affect atmospheric chemistry. Although recent studies indicate that isoprene can enhance thermotolerance or quench oxidative stress, the underlying physiological mechanisms are largely unknown. In this work, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a natural nonemitter of isoprene and the model plant for functional plant analyses, has been constitutively transformed with the isoprene synthase gene (PcISPS) from Grey poplar (Populus x canescens). Overexpression of poplar ISPS in Arabidopsis resulted in isoprene-emitting rosettes that showed transiently enhanced growth rates compared to the wild type under moderate thermal stress. The findings that highest growth rates, higher dimethylallyl diphosphate levels, and enzyme activity were detected in young plants during their vegetative growth phase indicate that enhanced growth of transgenic plants under moderate thermal stress is due to introduced PcISPS. Dynamic gas-exchange studies applying transient cycles of heat stress to the wild type demonstrate clearly that the prime physiological role of isoprene formation in Arabidopsis is not to protect net assimilation from damage against thermal stress, but may instead be to retain the growth potential or coordinated vegetative development of the plant. Hence, this study demonstrates the enormous potential but also the pitfalls of transgenic Arabidopsis (or other nonnatural isoprenoid emitters) in studying isoprene biosynthesis and its biological function(s).
Correlation between star formation activity and electron density of ionized gas at z = 2.5

In the redshift interval of 2 < z < 3, the physical conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) in star-forming galaxies are likely to be different from those in the local Universe because of lower gaseous metallicities, higher gas fractions, and higher star formation activities. In fact, observations suggest that higher electron densities, higher ionization parameters, and harder UV radiation fields are common. In this paper, based on the spectra of H α-selected star-forming galaxies at z = 2.5 taken with Multi-Object Spectrometer for InfraRed Exploration on Keck-1 telescope, we measure electron densities (n_e) using the oxygen line ratio ([O II] λλ3726,3729), and investigate the relationships between the electron density of ionized gas and other physical properties. As a result, we find that the specific star formation rate (sSFR) and the surface density of SFR (Σ_(SFR)) are correlated with the electron density at z = 2.5 for the first time. The Σ_(SFR)–n_e relation is likely to be linked to the star formation law in H II regions (where star formation activity is regulated by interstellar pressure). Moreover, we discuss the mode of star formation in those galaxies. The correlation between sSFR and Σ_(SFR) suggests that highly star-forming galaxies (with high sSFR) tend to be characterized by higher surface densities of star formation (Σ_(SFR)) and thus higher n_e values as well.
Fast als-based matrix factorization for explicit and implicit feedback datasets

Alternating least squares (ALS) is a powerful matrix factorization (MF) algorithm for both explicit and implicit feedback based recommender systems. As shown in many articles, increasing the number of latent factors (denoted by K) boosts the prediction accuracy of MF based recommender systems, including ALS as well. The price of the better accuracy is paid by the increased running time: the running time of the original version of ALS is proportional to K3. Yet, the running time of model building can be important in recommendation systems; if the model cannot keep up with the changing item portfolio and/or user profile, the prediction accuracy can be degraded. In this paper we present novel and fast ALS variants both for the implicit and explicit feedback datasets, which offers better trade-off between running time and accuracy. Due to the significantly lower computational complexity of the algorithm - linear in terms of K - the model being generated under the same amount of time is more accurate, since the faster training enables to build model with more latent factors. We demonstrate the efficiency of our ALS variants on two datasets using two performance measures, RMSE and average relative position (ARP), and show that either a significantly more accurate model can be generated under the same amount of time or a model with similar prediction accuracy can be created faster; for explicit feedback the speed-up factor can be even 5-10.
Changing epidemiological trends of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become more common in Asia over the past few decades. The rate of increase in prevalence of the disease varies greatly in Asia, with several countries in East Asia experiencing a more than doubled increase in IBD prevalence over the past decade. Historically, ulcerative colitis (UC) is more common than Crohn's disease (CD) in Asia. However, a reverse trend is beginning to appear in more developed countries in Asia such as Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. While Asian IBD patients share many similarities with their Western counterparts, there are important differences with significant clinical implications. In Asia, there are more men with CD, more ileo-colonic involvement in CD, less familial aggregation, fewer extra-intestinal manifestations and worse clinical outcomes for older-onset patients with UC. These differences are likely related to the different genetic makeup and environmental exposures in different regions. Evaluation of the differences and rates in epidemiologic trends may help researchers and clinicians estimate disease burden and understand the reasons behind these differences, which may hold the key to unravel the etiology of IBD.
Lifetime Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death in the Community

Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in the United States and often occurs without previous cardiac symptoms. Lifetime risk for SCD and the influence of established risk factors on lifetime risks for SCD have not been estimated previously. Methods and Results We followed Framingham Heart Study participants who were free of cardiovascular disease before their earliest examination. SCD was defined as death attributed to coronary heart disease within 1 hour of symptom onset without another probable cause of death, as adjudicated by a panel of 3 physicians. Lifetime risk for SCD was estimated to 85 years of age for men and women, with death attributed to other causes as the competing risk, and stratified by risk factor levels. We followed 2294 men and 2785 women for 160 396 person‐years; 375 experienced SCD. At 45 years of age, lifetime risks were 10.9% (95% CI, 9.4–12.5) for men and 2.8% (95% CI, 2.1–3.5) for women. Greater aggregate burden of established risk factors was associated with a higher lifetime risk for SCD. Categorizing men and women solely by blood pressure levels resulted in a clear stratification of lifetime risk curves. Conclusions We present the first lifetime risk estimates for SCD. Greater aggregate risk factor burden, or blood pressure level alone, is associated with higher lifetime risks for SCD. This high risk of premature death attributed to SCD (approximately 1 in 9 men and 1 in 30 women) should serve as a motivator of public health efforts in preventing and responding to SCD.