Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le test de concordance de script, un instrument d’évaluation du raisonnement clinique

Contexte : La capacite a resoudre des problemes cliniques mal definis caracterise les medecins experimentes et competents. En matiere d’evaluation, les modalites actuelles exigent un consensus entre les membres du jury sur la bonne reponse, or les medecins experimentes varient dans le processus de raisonnement pour ce type de probleme qui est en consequence generalement exclu des evaluations. Ceci explique peut-etre pourquoi les medecins experimentes n’ob- tiennent pas, dans les evaluations ecrites de competence, des scores plus eleves que les medecins en fin de formation. But : Le test de concordance de script (TCS) est concu pour mesurer la capacite a resoudre des problemes mal definis. L’objectif de l’ article est de montrer l’interet du TCS aux enseignants en sciences de la sante en leur apportant les infor- mations pratiques necessaires a l’utilisation d’un tel test. Methode : Les bases theoriques du test, les principes concer- nant la tâche soumise aux candidats, la facon d’enregistrer les reponses et le processus d’etablissement des scores sont expli - ques. Les etapes a suivre pour construire un TCS sont decrites. Les qualites psychometriques observees dans une serie de travaux de recherche sont rapportees. Resultats : Plusieurs etudes menees dans differentes disciplines ont montre que le test permet de discriminer des niveaux d’experience differents avec des caracteristiques psychometriques interessantes ( validite de construit, validite predictive, fidelite). Ces resultats sont brievement presentes et commentes. Conclusion : Le TCS permet une evaluation standardisee des processus de raisonnement sur des problemes cliniques mal definis.
Refining Lodahl and Kejner’s Job Involvement Scale with a Convergent Evidence Approach: Applying Multiple Methods to Multiple Samples

Lodahl and Kejner’s Job Involvement (JI) measure has been and continues to be heavily used despite known measurement deficiencies. Using a convergent evidence approach, the authors examine the psychometric properties of that scale and offer a refined version that accurately taps the JI construct. Based on a combination of five methodologies (qualitative content analysis, classical item analyses, item response theory analyses, partial confirmatory factor analyses, and discriminant validity analysis) applied to five samples, results indicate that numerous items function inadequately as indicators of JI, whereas a core of items have superior item statistics and conceptually match the definition of JI. The advantages of using a convergent evidence approach are discussed.
Quadratic Goldreich-Levin Theorems

Decomposition theorems in classical Fourier analysis enable us to express a bounded function in terms of few linear phases with large Fourier coefficients plus a part that is pseudorandom with respect to linear phases. The Gold Reich-Levin algorithm can be viewed as an algorithmic analogue of such a decomposition as it gives a way to efficiently find the linear phases associated with large Fourier coefficients. In the study of & quot; quadratic Fourier analysis & quot;, higher-degree analogues of such decompositions have been developed in which the pseudorandomness property is stronger but the structured part correspondingly weaker. For example, it has previously been shown that it is possible to express a bounded function as a sum of a few quadratic phases plus a part that is small in the $U^3$ norm, defined by Gowers for the purpose of counting arithmetic progressions of length 4. We give a polynomial time algorithm for computing such a decomposition. A key part of the algorithm is a local self-correction procedure for Reed-Muller codes of order 2 (over $\F_2^n$) for a function at distance $1/2-\epsilon$ from a codeword. Given a function $f:\F_2^n \to \{-1,1\}$ at fractional Hamming distance $1/2-\epsilon$ from a quadratic phase (which is a codeword of Reed-Muller code of order 2), we give an algorithm that runs in time polynomial in $n$ and finds a codeword at distance at most $1/2-\eta$ for $\eta = \eta(\epsilon)$. This is an algorithmic analogue of Samorodnitsky's result, which gave a tester for the above problem. To our knowledge, it represents the first instance of a correction procedure for any class of codes, beyond the list-decoding radius. In the process, we give algorithmic versions of results from additive combinatorics used in Samorodnitsky's proof and a refined version of the inverse theorem for the Gowers $U^3$ norm over $\F_2^n$ or a function at distance 1/2 -- episilon from a codeword. Given a function f : $\F_2^n$ right arrow { -- 1, 1} at fractional Hamming distance 1/2 -- epsilon " from a quadratic phase (which is a codeword of Reed-Muller code of order 2), we give an algorithm that runs in time polynomial in n and finds a codeword at distance at most 1.2 -- n for n = n (epsilon). This is an algorithmic analogue of Samorodnitsky's result [17], which gave a tester for the above problem. To our knowledge, it represents the first instance of a correction procedure for any class of codes, beyond the list-decoding radius.
Enhancing Student Employability?

PALATINE, the Higher Education Academy Subject Centre for Dance, Drama and Music, received dedicated HEFCE funding (2003-2004) to address issues surrounding graduate employability, particularly focusing on the distinctive features of the labour market in the performing arts and creative industries. In the world of the Arts, the job market is very competitive and employment prospects for graduates are relatively uncertain. Career paths in this field are also very different from traditional career models in other industries. Despite the fact that performing arts courses have been listed at the lowest end of university league tables for graduate employment, this article demonstrates that courses in dance, drama and music are generally providing excellent preparation for the demands of the creative industries.
The leisure reading habits of first-year, female Emirati university students: an investigation

Educators the world over are concerned about a perceived lack of interest in leisure reading among tertiary level students, particularly in the Gulf Arab states where indigenous cultures have always been predominantly oral. This thesis provides the first in-depth exploration of the leisure reading habits of a convenience sample of first-year female university students in the United Arab Emirates, using data which was gathered through interviews, journal entries, snapshot surveys, questionnaires, conversations and emails and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Its contribution to the research is that it provides a better theoretical understanding of many key factors related to leisure reading among this particular group. We find their reader identities shaped by their reading habitus which readers are continually developing, in a Bourdieuian sense. It was found that while there is a keen interest in reading the Holy Qura’n, there is a generally low incidence of reading in Arabic, which has serious implications for the current policy on the teaching of Arabic in the region. Two distinct subcategories of reasons for reading were also found, which I refer to as purposes and qana’a. Readers regularly refer to what I labeled qana’a for reading, which are distinct from attitude in that they do not appear to stem from reasoned action or purposes for reading. It is one key factor which distinguishes readers from non-readers. Other findings include: • a three-stage reading journey showing how students become readers; • an expansion of our understanding of encouragement as two distinct factors; • the conditional element of attitudes toward reading whereby attitudes which were previously considered negative or positive are really conditional; • an exploration of the importance of affect vis-a-vis beliefs in bringing about reading.
Use of steroids to monitor alterations in the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Testosterone (a strongly hydrophobic steroid) and testosterone hemisuccinate (a negatively charged derivative) were used as probes to investigate alterations in the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diffusion rates of the steroids across the lipid bilayer were measured by coupling the influx of these compounds to their subsequent oxidation by an intracellular delta1-dehydrogenase enzyme. Wild-type cells of P. aeruginosa (strain PAO1) were found to be 25 times more permeable to testosterone than to testosterone hemisuccinate. The uptake of the latter compound appeared to be partially dependent on the external pH, thus suggesting a preferential diffusion of the uncharged protonated form across the cell envelope. Using various PAO mutants, we showed that the permeation of steroids was not affected by overexpression of active efflux systems but was increased up to 5.5-fold when the outer membrane contained defective lipopolysaccharides or lacked the major porin OprF. Such alterations in the hydrophobic uptake pathway were not, however, associated with an enhanced permeability of the mutants to the small hydrophilic molecule N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine. Thirty-six agents were also assayed for their ability to damage the cell surface of strain PAO1, using testosterone as a probe. Polymyxins, rBPI23, chlorhexidine, and dibromopropamidine demonstrated the strongest permeabilizing activities on a molar basis in the presence of 1 mM MgCl2. These amphiphilic polycations increased the transmembrane diffusion of testosterone up to 50-fold and sensitized the PAO1 cells to hydrophobic antibiotics. All together, these data indicated that the steroid uptake assay provides a direct and accurate measurement of the hydrophobic uptake pathway in P. aeruginosa.
Domestic Violence, Contested Custody, and the Courts: A Review of Findings from Five Studies with Accompanying Documentary

In keeping with the 2011 PSA meeting's theme, “Sociologists as Claims Makers: Turning Theory Into Action,” the presidential address reported research findings (scientific sociology) that were accompanied by a documentary that represented the research results (applied sociology). Guided by a social constructionist perspective, findings from five studies were organized into seven themes to demonstrate the problems domestic violence victims, or protective parents, encounter when their abusers entangle them in contested custody battles. The documentary shown in the presidential address can be viewed in this article by connecting to a link provided. It is noted that the focus of the research and documentary remain at the social issue level—a phenomenon that exists in society, but has not yet been defined as a social problem. It is argued that the problems identified in the research are affecting many thousands of domestic violence victims and their children, yet the issue has received minimal attention in the discipline of sociology.
How to classify hybrid regimes? Defective democracy and electoral authoritarianism

The ‘third wave’ of democratization has resulted in the proliferation of regimes that are neither fully democratic nor classic authoritarian. To capture the nature of these hybrid regimes, the democratization literature has come up with a wide variety of adjectives as descriptors of different forms of democracy and authoritarianism. This article reviews two of the most systematic recent approaches, centring on the concepts of ‘defective democracy’ and ‘electoral authoritarianism’. An important limitation of both approaches is that each covers only one side of the spectrum. Where they meet in the middle, confusion arises. As a remedy, the article suggests to embed the concepts of defective democracy and electoral authoritarianism in a ‘double-root strategy’ that maps the full range of contemporary regimes from both sides of the political spectrum.
Vulnerability in the Marketplace: Concepts, Caveats, and Possible Solutions

Vulnerable consumers fail to understand their preferences and/or lack the knowledge, skills, or freedom to act on them. To protect them, some want to censor information, restrict choices, and mandate behaviors. One-fifth of the American public is functionally illiterate, K-12 performance is declining, and yet a substantial majority of American consumers (adolescents included) appear to be marketplace literate. Rather than curtail consumer prerogatives to protect a vulnerable minority, education reform focused on the values, knowledge, and skills necessary to create and navigate responsive markets is proposed. Reformed adult and K-12 education can refine, expand, and accelerate learners’ informal and experiential understanding of marketplace fundamentals. The aim is to significantly replace trial and error with a robust understanding of markets, markets habitually governed by social virtues. Evidence suggests that these aims can be better achieved via K-12 choice and should be the focus of adult basic education reform.
Stage IV adult sporadic Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia with complex bone marrow cytogenetics is associated with a very poor outcome.

To the editor: Adult Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (BLL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell neoplasm with typical morphologic appearances. It is characterized by rapid proliferation of mature B cells (Ki67/MIB-1 staining ≥ 99%) and overexpression of c -Myc, which most commonly results from the
“Hired Guns” and “Legitimate Voices”

Background: In Ohio, levy campaigns are a burdensome task for district administrators and stakeholders alike. To date, there is little research on the districts’ role in crafting school budget referenda campaigns. Purpose: This study asked three research questions: How did the macropolitical contexts shape stakeholders’ decision making in terms of campaign strategizing and participation? How did the micropolitical contexts shape stakeholder decision making in terms of campaign strategizing and participation? How did successful districts differ in political strategies from districts that were not successful? Research Design: Qualitative case studies. Data Collection: Twenty-three informants from five Ohio school districts with levies on the November 2008 ballot. Using a snowball sampling technique, initial informants (i.e., superintendent, treasurer) were asked to identify additional stakeholders who participated in the campaigns. Data Analysis: Coding was initially guided by multiple theoretical frameworks, including macro/micropolitics, Johnson’s 21 campaign strategies and Anderson’s framework of “authentic” participation. After coding, an iterative team memo-writing process was used. Findings: This study offers important insight into the complexities of the environments and strategies used in levy campaigns. Four macropolitical themes were identified—state campaign policies, state education finance policy, the high-profile nature of the Presidential election, and the state of the economy. Despite a small sample, districts varied greatly in strategies used and community involvement. Districts that heavily engaged community members and created a sense of urgency yielded greater success at the polls than “central office campaigns. ” Adequate message training for campaign participants was also integral to success.
Artists and policy: a case study of the creative industries in north-eastern Australia

Artists play a major role in the cultural fabric of society. They operate within the creative industries, a sector of activity widely accepted as significant to developed and developing economies. While there is a substantive body of literature relevant to the nature of policy-making as applied to the arts, research that explores the views of practitioners at the grass roots level is limited, and particularly so in regional north-eastern Australia, an area with significant challenges caused by isolation and distance. This article contextualises the issues of relevance in relation to artists’ engagement with policy, after which it presents survey and interview data obtained from those working in the field. The findings reveal the influence of isolation in north-eastern Australia, not only in a geographic sense, but in terms of the number of artists who see themselves as disconnected from policy, arts and cultural strategy.
The authoring of school: Between the official and unofficial discourse.

Theoretically the paper addresses the question of how official and unofficial discourses are related and what function the unofficial register serves for the official one. It draws on the idea of ‘underlife’ and the heterogeneity of discourse in order to show how the unofficial discourse can be a productive tool for students to both distance themselves from school and negotiate school identities in order to create new, and (for students) more compatible, forms of ‘school’. Institutional settings do not automatically produce the institutional scripts, positions and norms they are associated with; rather, they need to be authored by participants who ‘instantiate’ these scripts, positions and norms. This paper focuses on how students author school (the official) but at the same time produce alternative discourses (the unofficial). A data set of transcribed student group talk in a multi-ethnic classroom in the Netherlands is used for the analysis.
rac-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a,4-dihydro-3H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carbonitrile

The title compound, C17H11ClN2O2, which contains two stereogenic C atoms, crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group as a racemate. The pyran ring and the isoxazole ring adopt sofa and twisted conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane through the near coplanar atoms of the pyran ring is 4.17 (5)°. The molecular conformation features a weak C—H⋯O contact. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming chains along the a-axis direction.
Molecular Analysis of incHI1 Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids from Salmonella Serovar Typhi Strains Associated with Typhoid Fever

ABSTRACT The first outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid fever in Vietnam was in 1993, and by 1995 nearly 90% of cases were MDR. Plasmid HCM1, sequenced in full, is an incHI1 plasmid from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain CT18, isolated in Vietnam in 1993. Restriction analysis shows that pHCM1 shares a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern with plasmids isolated from the first outbreak and 10 of 17 MDR plasmids isolated from sporadic cases occurring at the same time in Vietnam. A core region of pHCM1 has significant DNA sequence similarity to plasmid R27, isolated in 1961 from S. enterica in the United Kingdom. There are five regions of DNA in pHCM1 which are not present in R27. Two of these are putative acquisition regions; the largest is 34.955 kbp in length and includes sequences of several antibiotic resistance genes and several insertion sequences. The borders of this region are defined by two identical IS10 left elements, associated with an inversion of DNA or with a truncated Tn10 element. The second, smaller region is 14.751 kbp and carries a trimethoprim resistance gene dfr14A cassette associated with a class 1 integrase. In 1993 to 1994, restriction analysis revealed some variations in the structures of Salmonella serovar Typhi MDR plasmids which were mapped to the two putative acquisition regions and three smaller variable regions. In 1996 a single RFLP type, RFLP7, was found to carry the dfrA7 and sul-1 genes, which were not present on R27 or pHCM1. This plasmid type appears to have a selective advantage over other plasmids with the same resistance phenotype.
Screening mild cognitive impairment by delayed story recall and instrumental activities of daily living

Dementia has been a major public health problem, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been recognized as an object of secondary prevention especially for Alzheimer’s disease. The pooled prevalence of MCI for the elderly population was 12.7% in China (Nie et al., 2011). Amnestic MCI is the main type, approximately 80% of which converted to dementia in a 6-year follow-up (Petersen, 2004). The previous study found delayed story recall (DSR) was a useful tool for differentiating MCI from normal cognition (NC), but not so good for differentiating MCI with dementia (Shi et al., 2014). In addition to memory impairment, recent studies confirmed instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were also affected in patients with MCI. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic validity of combining DSR and IADL for detecting MCI.
Neonatal dexamethasone induces premature microvascular maturation of the alveolar capillary network

Postnatal glucocorticoid treatment of preterm infants was mimicked by treating newborn rats with dexamethasone (0.1–0.01 μg/g, days 1–4). This regimen has been shown to cause delayed alveolarization. Knowing that microvascular maturation (transformation of double‐ to single‐layered capillary networks in alveolar septa) and septal thinning prevent further alveolarization, we measured septal maturation on electron photomicrographs in treated and control animals. In treated rats and before day 10, we observed a premature nonreversing microvascular maturation and a transient septal thinning, which both appeared focally. In vascular casts of both groups, we observed contacts between the two capillary layers of immature alveolar septa, which were predictive for capillary fusions. Studying serial electron microscopic sections of human lungs, we were able to confirm the postulated fusion process for the first time. We conclude that alveolar microvascular maturation indeed occurs by capillary fusion and that the dexamethasone‐induced impairment of alveolarization is associated with focal premature capillary fusion. Developmental Dynamics 233:1261–1271, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placebo and Antidepressant Treatment for Major Depression

Antidepressant medication is generally considered the primary treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but recently antidepressant treatment has approached a crisis with current trials showing shrinking specific effects and growing placebo responses. The aim of the paper is to review the placebo problem within antidepressant treatment for MDD and to draw lines to similar problems within the field of psychotherapy. Although clinicians may profit from the large placebo response in their treatment of MDD, the small differences between active treatment and placebo groups found in controlled studies should be considered a reminder that there is a need for more efficacious treatments for MDD, medical as well as psychological.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and spontaneous pneumothorax: possible causal relationship.

BACKGROUND An increased incidence of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but has not been well proven in association with spontaneous pneumothorax. The aim of our study was to evaluate frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in subjects with spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS 39 patients with the diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax and 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrations were determined by nephelometry, Serum qualitative Z antitrypsin variant was analyzed using commercial ELISA kits and alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotyping was carried out by means of isoelectric focusing. RESULTS AAT deficiency phenotypes were detected in 3 (7.7%) patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, and only in 1 (1%) case in the control group. However, the observed differences did not reach statistical significance due to the considerable size disproportion between groups. The mean serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level was significantly higher in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax (1.53 +/- 0.23 g/l) than controls (1.34 +/- 0.37 g/l) (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary data confirm the clinical importance of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency phenotypes in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax and the need to screen them for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.