Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Genetic Analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum MSP7-Like Family Reveals Differences in Protein Expression, Location, and Importance in Asexual Growth of the Blood-Stage Parasite

ABSTRACT Proteins located on Plasmodium falciparum merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite's asexual blood stage, are of considerable interest in vaccine research. Merozoite surface protein 7 (MSP7) forms a complex with MSP1 and is encoded by a member of a multigene family located on chromosome 13. The family codes for MSP7 and five MSP7-related proteins (MSRPs). In the present study, we have investigated the expression and the effect of msrp gene deletion at the asexual blood stage. In addition to msp7, msrp2, msrp3, and msrp5 are transcribed, and mRNA was easily detected by hybridization analysis, whereas mRNA for msrp1 and msrp4 could be detected only by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Notwithstanding evidence of transcription, antibodies to recombinant MSRPs failed to detect specific proteins, except for antibodies to MSRP2. Sequential proteolytic cleavages of MSRP2 resulted in 28- and 25-kDa forms. However, MSRP2 was absent from merozoites; the 25-kDa MSRP2 protein (MSRP225) was soluble and secreted upon merozoite egress. The msrp genes were deleted by targeted disruption in the 3D7 line, leading to ablation of full-length transcripts. MSRP deletion mutants had no detectable phenotype, with growth and invasion characteristics comparable to those of the parental parasite; only the deletion of MSP7 led to a detectable growth phenotype. Thus, within this family some of the genes are transcribed at a significant level in asexual blood stages, but the corresponding proteins may or may not be detectable. Interactions of the expressed proteins with the merozoite also differ. These results highlight the potential for unexpected differences of protein expression levels within gene families.
When and Why Are Emotions Disturbed? Suggestions Based on Theory and Data From Emotion Research

Diagnosing emotion disturbances should be informed by current knowledge about normal emotion processes. I identify four major functions of emotion as well as sources for potential dysfunctions and suggest that emotions should only be diagnosed as pathological when they are clearly dysfunctional, which requires considering eliciting events, realistic person-specific appraisal patterns, and adaptive responses or action tendencies. Evidence from actuarial research on the reported length of naturally occurring emotion episodes (including potential determinants) illustrates appropriateness criteria for the clinical evaluation of emotion duration—an essential element in the DSM-5 symptom catalogue for major depression episodes, especially in bereavement. The need for more actuarial evidence on normal emotion responses and its consideration by the clinical community is highlighted.
Immature anti‐inflammatory response in neonates

The inflammatory response plays a major role in the induction of several neonatal diseases. We hypothesize that an imbalance between the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory response is crucial for the previously shown enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines in term and preterm infants during infection. To test this hypothesis, we compared the capacity to produce the main anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10 and TGF‐β in term infants, preterm infants and adults at different levels of synthesis by quantitative real time reverse‐transcribed PCR, flow cytometry, as well as enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Term and preterm infants showed a profoundly diminished IL‐10 mRNA‐expression and IL‐10 production after stimulation. In addition, the amount of TGF‐β‐positive lymphocytes was significantly less in neonates than adults. Furthermore, there was a considerably lower inhibition of production of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α by the use of recombinant IL‐10 in term and preterm infants compared with adults. These results demonstrate not only a diminished anti‐inflammatory capacity but also a reduced response to anti‐inflammatory stimuli in term and preterm infants. From these data we conclude that neonates display an immature compensatory anti‐inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) which may predispose preterm infants to harmful effects of proinflammatory cytokines resulting in severe organ sequelae during infection.
Lack of influence of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched lipids on apoptosis and secondary necrosis of cultured human lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory properties of parenteral nutrition might be improved by enrichment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are responsible for the enhanced release of metabolites derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. Under physiologic conditions, lymphocyte populations are regulated by cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis. In contrast to cell death by necrosis, apoptosis does not induce an inflammatory response that might injure the host. METHODS Apoptosis and necrosis of cultured human blood lymphocytes were investigated in vitro after incubation for 48 and 72 h with three lipid emulsions containing 50% medium-chain triacylglycerols. The lipid emulsions differed in the percentage of long-chain triacylglycerols, which were replaced in part by different amounts of omega-3 PUFA (8%, 20%, or 40%). Rates of apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed with a sensitive annexin V flow cytometric assay. RESULTS After 48 and 72 h of incubation, time- and dose-dependent increases of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively, were found in all lymphocyte subsets regardless of the percentage of omega-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that enrichment with omega-3 PUFAs in the tested lipid emulsions does not alter apoptosis and secondary necrosis of lymphocyte populations. Thus PUFAs may exert their functional effects through other mechanisms.
Comparison of and limits of accuracy for statistical analyses of vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectra in terms of correlations to and predictions of protein secondary structure

This work provides a systematic comparison of vibrational CD (VCD) and electronic CD (ECD) methods for spectral prediction of secondary structure. The VCD and ECD data are simplified to a small set of spectral parameters using the principal component method of factor analysis (PC/FA). Regression fits of these parameters are made to the X‐ray‐determined fractional components (FC) of secondary structure. Predictive capability is determined by computing structures for proteins sequentially left out of the regression. All possible combinations of PC/FA spectral parameters (coefficients) were used to form a full set of restricted multiple regressions with the FC values, both independently for each spectral data set as well as for the two VCD sets and all the data grouped together. The complete search over all possible combinations of spectral parameters for different types of spectral data is a new feature of this study, and the focus on prediction is the strength of this approach. The PC/FA method was found to be stable in detail to expansion of the training set. Coupling amide II to amide I' parameters reduced the standard deviations of the VCD regression relationships, and combining VCD and ECD data led to the best fits. Prediction results had a minimum error when dependent on relatively few spectral coefficients. Such a limited dependence on spectral variation is the key finding of this work, which has ramifications for previous studies as well as suggests future directions for spectral analysis of structure. The best ECD prediction for helix and sheet uses only one parameter, the coefficient of the first subspectrum. With VCD, the best predictions sample coefficients of both the amide I' and II bands, but error is optimized using only a few coefficients. In this respect, ECD is more accurate than VCD for α‐helix, and the combined VCD (amide I'+II) predicts the β‐sheet component better than does ECD. Combining VCD and ECD data sets yields exceptionally good predictions by utilizing the strengths of each. However, the residual error, its distribution, and, most importantly, the lack of dependence of the method on many of the significant components derived from the spectra leads to the conclusion that the heterogeneity of protein structure is a fundamental limitation to the use of such spectral analysis methods. The underutilization of these data for prediction of secondary structure suggests spectral data could predict a more detailed descriptor.
‘Going mental’: The risks of assessment activities (in teenage talk)

Using multi-modal Conversation Analysis (CA), this article demonstrates how teenage boys end assessments of social experiences with insults. When they participate in social activities, teenagers — as everybody else — routinely make assessments through which they produce social organization and create alignments. This article, however, analyzes structures of assessments that are contested in a counter-positional action. It will be demonstrated how the teenage boys end these challenged-assessment sequences through ‘insults’. A feature of these insults is that the conversationalists ‘go mental’, that is, they question the ‘mental’ abilities and competences of their co-participant and thereby exclude him from the status of being a competent member of the group. In and through such conduct, the participants make the social function as well as the risks of assessing explicit: as competent members of a social group (society) they are being held accountable for having claimed knowledge of the assessed target and may on these grounds be excommunicated as someone who does not understand social life.
Immigrants, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Sweden

Immigrants generally have higher crime rates than do indigenous Swedes, particularly for violence and theft, and are likelier to be victims of violence. Both first- and second-generation immigrants have higher crime rates than indigenous Swedes, but second-generation immigrants have lower rates than first-generation immigrants-a finding contradicting results in other countries. These lower rates may be a consequence of Swedish social welfare policy. The offending pattern of second-generation immigrants is similar to the pattern of native Swedes. Groups with a high total crime rate in the first generation tend to have a relatively high total crime rate in the second generation and vice versa.
Energy-Saving Housing Improvements in Canada (1979–82): A Nested Logit Analysis

The determinants of energy-saving housing improvements are analysed in the Canadian context. The data used represent the time in which the Canadian Home Insulation Program (CHIP) and the Canadian Oil Substitution Program (COSP) were operating at their peak. A nested multinomial logit model is estimated, which predicts the likelihood that individual households will carry out different retrofitting measures. In the final model, socioeconomic variables have an impact that is less than anticipated, an indication that the government programs succeeded in reducing socioeconomic barriers to retrofitting. Dwelling characteristics and fuel-type variables are of more importance and provincial dummy variables are often significant. It is concluded that the likelihood of a dwelling retrofit had less to do with the simple socioeconomic surrogates of the occupants than with the nature and location of the dwelling itself. The data reveal further that CHIP and COSP were less effective since they operated separately, and that the hypothesized nested decision structure is an appropriate one.
Co-localization of Stroop and Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Broca's Area: Implications for the Neural Basis of Sentence Processing

For over a century, a link between left prefrontal cortex and language processing has been accepted, yet the precise characterization of this link remains elusive. Recent advances in both the study of sentence processing and the neuroscientific study of frontal lobe function suggest an intriguing possibility: The demands to resolve competition between incompatible characterizations of a linguistic stimulus may recruit top–down cognitive control processes mediated by prefrontal cortex. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypothesis that individuals use shared prefrontal neural circuitry during two very different tasks—color identification under Stroop conflict and sentence comprehension under conditions of syntactic ambiguity—both of which putatively rely on cognitive control processes. We report the first demonstration of within-subject overlap in neural responses to syntactic and nonsyntactic conflict. These findings serve to clarify the role of Broca's area in, and the neural and psychological organization of, the language processing system.
Methodology for Performing Synchrophasor Data Conditioning and Validation

A phasor measurement unit (PMU) only state estimator is intrinsically superior to its SCADA analogue with respect to speed, performance, and reliability. However, ensuring the quality of the data stream which enters the linear estimator is crucial before establishing it as the front end of an EMS or other network applications. One approach is to pre-process the phasor data before it arrives at the linear estimator. This paper presents an algorithm for synchrophasor data conditioning and repair that fits neatly as a prefix into the existing linear state estimation formulation. The methodology has been tested using field data obtained from PMUs installed in Dominion Virginia Power's (DVP's) EHV network. The results indicate that the proposed technique provides a computationally simple, elegant solution to the synchrophasor data quality problem.
A Quantitative Study of the Similarity Factor in Retroactive Inhibition

Resume Les etudes anterieures de l'inhibition retroactive ont montre que des activites interpolees entre l'apprentissage et le rappel empěchent ce rappel. Le degre de cet empěchement varie avec nombre de facteurs, parmi lesquels le degre de similarite entre la premiere matiere a apprendre et la matiere interpolee semble important. Cette etude a considere le facteur similarite quantitativement par la methode de duree de memoire comma employee par Robinson dans son etude recente de ce facteur (Amer. J. Psychol., 1927, 39, 297–312). On a employe deux sortes de matieres (consonnes et chiffres) et 5 degres de similarite. On a presente visuellement une liste de 8 membres. Les quatre premiers membres ont ete toujours consonnes et ont correspondu a la premiere matiere a apprendre. Les quatre seconds membres ont ete consideres comme matiere interpolee et ont ete composes de groupes de consonnes et de chiffres variant de “0- a 4-encommun” avec la premiere matiere, c'est-a-dire, de 0 a 4 consonnes. Il a fallu six li.
The Influence of Supervisor Temperament on Subordinate Job Satisfaction and Perceptions of Supervisor Sociocommunicative Orientation and Approachability

The goal of this study was to re-examine McCroskey, Valencic, and Richmond's findings about the impact of a teacher's temperament on her or his students by examining the findings in a different context, the supervisor-subordinate relationship in organizational settings. This study measured a supervisor's temperament to see if it affected a subordinate's job satisfaction, motivation, and perceptions of supervisor credibility, sociocommunicative style, and approachability. Results indicated a positive relationship between supervisor psychoticism and subordinate job satisfaction and motivation, while supervisor extraversion and neuroticism negatively related to subordinate job satisfaction and motivation. Furthermore, results indicated a positive relationship between supervisor extraversion and subordinate perceptions of supervisor responsiveness, and a negative relationship between supervisor neuroticism and psychoticism and subordinate perceptions of supervisor responsiveness. Overall, a supervisor's temperament was shown to affect subordinate perceptions of supervisor communicative behavior.
Extended Seiberg-Witten theory and integrable hierarchy

The prepotential of the effective = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory, perturbed in the ultraviolet by the descendents ? d4? tr ? k+1 of the single-trace chiral operators, is shown to be a particular tau-function of the quasiclassical Toda hierarchy. In the case of noncommutative U(1) theory (or U(N) theory with 2N? 2 fundamental hypermultiplets at the appropriate locus of the moduli space of vacua) or a theory on a single fractional D3 brane at the ADE singularity the hierarchy is the dispersionless Toda chain, and we present its explicit solution. Our results generalise the limit shape analysis of Logan-Schepp and Vershik-Kerov, support the prior work [1], which established the equivalence of these = 2 theories with the topological A string on CP1, and clarify the origin of the Eguchi-Yang matrix integral. In the higher rank case we find an appropriate variant of the quasiclassical tau-function, show how the Seiberg-Witten curve is deformed by Toda flows, and fix the contact term ambiguity.
Growth rates of large and small Southern Ocean diatoms in relation to availability o iron in natural seawater

Blooms of large diatoms dominate the CO2 drawdown and silicon cycle of the Southern Ocean in both the past and present. The growth of these Antarctic diatoms is limited by availability of iron (and light). Here we report the first assessment of growth rates in relation to iron availability of two truly oceanic Antarctic diatom species, the large, chain‐forming diatom Chaetoceros dichaeta and the small, unicellular diatom C. brevis. In Filtered natural, untreated Southern Ocean water, a maximum specific growth rate of 0.62 ± 0.09 d−1 and a Km for growth of 1.12 x 109 M dissolved iron was calculated for C. dichaeta. This response could only be seen during a long‐day light period. C. brevis maintained growth rates of 0.39 ± 0.09 d−1 with and without iron addition, even under short‐day light conditions, and could only be forced into iron limitation by adding the siderophore desferri‐ferrioxamine B (DFB), an iron immobilizing agent. Using this approach, the low Km value for growth of 0.59 × 10−12 M dissolved Fe was calculated for this species. The size‐class dependent growth response to iron (and light) confirms the key role of these parameters in structuring Southern Ocean ecosystems and thus the CO2 dynamics and the silicon cycle.
The Theory and Practice of Utopia in a Total Institution: The Pineapple Panopticon

Genocide has been a constant presence in the history of humanity throughout the ages. Recently, calls to study the organization of genocide and genocidal organizations have been increasing. In this paper we study the functioning of the S-21 extermination camp, an instrument of Ângkar, ‘The Organization’, which imposed genocide on the Cambodian people in the 1970s. We analyse the conditions that enable the organization of genocide, showing that three pillars seem to play essential roles: a utopian vision; support of this vision by total institutional spaces, and the control commitments of the people caught in the utopian vortex. Genocide appears as a potential outcome of the particular type of organization combining these three processes.
In Conjunction with the Fifth International Conference on Pervasive Computing (pervasive 2007) Wikeye -using Magic Lenses to Explore Georeferenced Wikipedia Content Wigglestick: an Urban Pedestrian Mobile Social Navigation System Gesture Recognition Using Motion Estimation on Mobile Phones toward Fl

Traditional paper-based maps are still superior in several ways to their digital counterparts used on mobile devices. Namely, paper-based maps provide high-resolution, largescale information with zero power consumption. Digital maps offer personalized and dynamic information, but suffer from small outer scales and low resolutions. In this paper, we present WikEye, an interdisciplinary project that demonstrates proof-of-concepts of three novel research ideas related to this topic: multi-dimensional interaction with a magic lens device, spatio-temporal Wikipedia data mining, and magic lens markerless tracking. Through its integration of the advantages of static and dynamic maps and its employment of Wikipedia as its primary knowledge repository, we envision WikEye being used to address mobile technology issues in the tourism and education fields. In particular, we focus on the need for effective tourism-related mobile technologies and the demand from educators for new methods that students can use to interact with information.
Chromoblastomycosis: clinical and mycologic experience of 51 cases

Summary . This is a study of 51 cases of chromoblastomycosis detected in a 17‐year period, all of which were clinically and mycologically proven by direct examinations, cultures and biopsies. The therapeutic results of the various treatments used are reported. Most cases were males (36 of 51; 70%), the mean age was 35 years and farmers predominated (74%); the most frequent lesions were in the lower limbs (54%). Major clinical presentations were nodular (41%) and verrucous (26%). The principal aetiologic agent isolated was Fonsecaea pedrosoi (90%). Overall results of the various treatments were as follows: 31% were cured, 57% improved and 12% failed. The best results were obtained with cryosurgery for small lesions, with itraconazole for large ones, and in some cases the combination of both treatments.
Plumbagin Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Intact and Castrated PTEN Knockout Mice via Targeting PKCϵ, Stat3, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Markers

Prostate cancer continues to remain the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American males. The Pten deletions and/or mutations are frequently observed in both primary prostate cancers and metastatic prostate tissue samples. Pten deletion in prostate epithelium in mice results in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), followed by progression to invasive adenocarcinoma. The Pten conditional knockout mice [(Pten-loxp/loxp:PB-Cre4+) (Pten-KO)] provide a unique preclinical model to evaluate agents for efficacy for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. We present here for the first time that dietary plumbagin, a medicinal plant–derived naphthoquinone (200 or 500 ppm) inhibits tumor development in intact as well as castrated Pten-KO mice. Plumbagin has shown no signs of toxicity at either of these doses. Plumbagin treatment resulted in a decrease expression of PKCϵ, AKT, Stat3, and COX2 compared with the control mice. Plumbagin treatment also inhibited the expression of vimentin and slug, the markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate tumors. In summary, the results indicate that dietary plumbagin inhibits growth of both primary and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in Pten-KO mice, possibly via inhibition of PKCϵ, Stat3, AKT, and EMT markers (vimentin and slug), which are linked to the induction and progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 8(5); 375–86. ©2015 AACR.