Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences on voltage dip ride through factory testing of synchronous and doubly fed generator drives

The electrical utilities have specified in their recent requirements that wind turbines have to be capable to ride through severe voltage dips without disconnecting. For the verification of the ride through capability factory and field tests are needed. In most cases a test system with fault emulation is used that will give more realistic results especially for generators that have their stator directly connected to the grid. However, care has to be taken that the impedance level of the test setup is low enough. Experimental results are presented for a 1.6 MW doubly fed generator and a 200 kW synchronous generator drive. Moreover, the problem with the reactive power measurement during ride through is discussed in the end of the paper
Efficient approximate balanced truncation of general large-scale RLC systems via Krylov methods

We present an efficient implementation of an approximate balanced truncation model reduction technique for general large-scale RLC systems, described by a state-space model where the "C" matrix in the time-domain modified nodal analysis (MNA) circuit equation "C\dot{x}=-Gx+Bu" is not necessarily invertible. The large sizes of the models that we consider make most implementations of the balance-and-truncate method impractical from the points of view of computational load and numerical conditioning. This motivates our use of Krylov subspace methods to directly compute approximate low-rank square roots of the Gramians of the original system. The approximate low-order general balanced and truncated model can then be constructed directly from these square roots. We demonstrate using three practical circuit examples that our new approach effectively gives approximate balanced and reduced order coordinates with little truncation error.
Differential activation of glomeruli in the ferret's main olfactory bulb by anal scent gland odours from males and females: an early step in mate identification

Peripheral anosmia was previously found to disrupt sex discrimination and partner preference in male and female ferrets. Here we show directly that volatile anal scent gland odourants from male and female ferrets activated overlapping but distinguishable clusters of glomeruli located in the ventral–caudal portion of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of breeding ferrets of both sexes. No glomerular activation was seen in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The profile of MOB glomerular activation induced in oestrous females by male anal scents was very similar to that induced by direct contact with a male during mating, and oestrogen treatment failed to alter the profile of glomerular activation induced in ovo‐hysterectomized females by male anal scents. In rodents, ‘atypical’ MOB glomeruli, which have dense acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the neuropil, may be activated by body odours from conspecifics. No such AChE‐staining ‘atypical’ glomeruli were found in the ferret's MOB, suggesting that in this carnivore they do not constitute a subset of MOB glomeruli that respond to body odourants. In ferrets of both sexes, volatile body odourants that are detected by the main as opposed to the vomeronasal–AOB accessory olfactory system may play a critical role in mate identification.
Hierarchical Cooperation Achieves Optimal Capacity Scaling in Ad Hoc Networks

n source and destination pairs randomly located in an area want to communicate with each other. Signals transmitted from one user to another at distance r apart are subject to a power loss of r-alpha as well as a random phase. We identify the scaling laws of the information-theoretic capacity of the network when nodes can relay information for each other. In the case of dense networks, where the area is fixed and the density of nodes increasing, we show that the total capacity of the network scales linearly with n. This improves on the best known achievability result of n2/3 of Aeron and Saligrama. In the case of extended networks, where the density of nodes is fixed and the area increasing linearly with n, we show that this capacity scales as n2-alpha/2 for 2lesalpha<3 and radicn for a alphages3. The best known earlier result of Xie and Kumar identified the scaling law for alpha > 4. Thus, much better scaling than multihop can be achieved in dense networks, as well as in extended networks with low attenuation. The performance gain is achieved by intelligent node cooperation and distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. The key ingredient is a hierarchical and digital architecture for nodal exchange of information for realizing the cooperation.
COMPARISON OF CONDUCT DISORDER AND HYPERKINETIC CONDUCT DISORDER : A RETROSPECTIVE CLINIAL STUDY FROM NORTH INDIA

In a retrospective descriptive study of hyperkinetic conduct disorders (HCD) and conduct disorders (CD), as per ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, their clinical and phenomenological correlates were compared; with an aim of describing their distinctive clinical profiles. 20 cases of HCD and 25 cases of CD were compared on socio-demographic variables, temperament and specified clinical variables. The two groups differed in terms of the HCD group having younger age of onset, a more gradual development of and longer duration of conduct symptoms as compared to CD children. HCD children also had temperamental deviance (in the form of inattention, distractibility), lower IQ, more perinatal complications and delayed milestones as compared to the CD group; which made significant contribution to discriminant functions between the two groups. Results point towards different pathways of development of conduct symptomatology in HCD group as compared to the CD group
Human Papillomavirus Types in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Worldwide: A Systematic Review

Mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of cervical cancer and likely a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), yet the global prevalence and type distribution of HPV in HNSCC remains unclear. We systematically reviewed published studies of HNSCC biopsies that employed PCR-based methods to detect and genotype HPV to describe the prevalence and type distribution of HPV by anatomic cancer site. Geographic location and study size were investigated as possible sources of variability. In the 5,046 HNSCC cancer specimens from 60 studies, the overall HPV prevalence was 25.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 24.7-27.2]. HPV prevalence was significantly higher in oropharyngeal SCCs (35.6% of 969; 95% CI, 32.6-38.7) than oral SCCs (23.5% of 2,642; 95% CI, 21.9-25.1) or laryngeal SCCs (24.0% of 1,435; 95% CI, 21.8-26.3). HPV16 accounted for a larger majority of HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCs (86.7%; 95% CI, 82.6-90.1) compared with HPV-positive oral SCCs (68.2%; 95% CI, 64.4-71.9) and laryngeal SCCs (69.2%; 95% CI, 64.0-74.0). Conversely, HPV18 was rare in HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCs (2.8%; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3) compared with other head and neck sites [34.1% (95% CI, 30.4-38.0) of oral SCCs and 17.0% (95% CI, 13.0-21.6) of laryngeal SCCs]. Aside from HPV16 and HPV18, other oncogenic HPVs were rarely detected in HNSCC. Tumor site–specific HPV prevalence was higher among studies from North America compared with Europe and Asia. The high HPV16 prevalence and the lack of HPV18 in oropharyngeal compared with other HNSCCs may point to specific virus-tissue interactions. Small sample size and publication bias complicate the assessment of the prevalence of HPV in head and neck sites beyond the oropharynx.
Synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinyl estradiol induces pattern of uterine gene expression similar to endogenous estrogen 17β-estradiol

17α-Ethinyl estradiol is one of most widely prescribed estrogens. We compared the effects of this synthetic estrogen to those of the endogenous ovarian hormone 17β-estradiol on the expression of four estrogen-inducible genes in the rat uterus. The genes examined include c- fos , c- jun , vascular endothelial growth factor, and creatine kinase B, which are all known to be primary responses to estrogen administration. Both estrogens induced the four target genes with similar time courses and produced the same pattern of cell-specific expression of c- fos and vascular endothelial growth factor in the uterine epithelium and stroma, respectively. Dose-response studies established that the potency and efficacy of both estrogens in the uterus were the same for all four hormone-regulated genes. These studies suggest that 17α-ethinyl and 17β-estradiol produce similar if not identical patterns of gene expression in the uterus.
Dying the right-way? Interest in and perceived persuasiveness of parochial extremist propaganda increases after mortality salience

Research on parochial altruism demonstrated that hostility toward out-groups (parochialism) represents the dark side of the willingness to benefit one’s in-group even at own costs (altruism). Parochial aggression thereby emerged mainly under conditions of threat. Extremist propaganda videos, for instance by right-wing extremists, try to capitalize on parochial altruistic mechanism by telling recipients sharing their national identity that this nation is under threat wherefore they for have to join the extremist’s cause to prevent the extinction of their nation. Most of the time, propaganda videos are rated as uninteresting and non-persuasive by the target audience. Yet, evolutionary media psychology posits that the interest in and effectiveness of media increases when evolutionarily relevant problems are addressed. Consequently, interest in parochial altruistic right-wing extremist messages should increase under conditions of threat. The current study tested this assumption by randomly assigning German non-Muslims (N = 109) to either an existential threat (here: mortality salience) or a control condition and asking them to evaluate extremist propaganda that addressed them as either in-group members (right-wing extremists) or as out-group members (Islamic extremists). In support of the hypotheses, subjects under conditions of threat reported a higher interest in the right-wing extremist propaganda and perceived it as more persuasive. We discuss the results concerning the implications for evolutionary media psychology and the transmission of parochial altruism in propaganda videos.
Models of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

This dissertation tested conceptual frameworks for models of physical activity and sedentary behavior based upon social cognitive theory and ecological models. The sample consisted of 527 7 and 8 graders from 3 rural schools in upstate New York. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that there were direct influences of environmental support, intrapersonal factors, parental modeling for physical activity, and physical health to levels of adolescent physical activity. Sedentary behavior was influenced by parental modeling for sedentary behavior and parental encouragement for sedentary behavior. In addition, using a mediating conceptual framework, intrapersonal factors mediated the relationships of environmental support, encouragement, mental health, and physical health to levels of physical activity. Studying physical activity and sedentary behavior should continue to use guided, theory-based approaches with sound statistical designs. This research supported the conceptualization that physical activity and sedentary behavior are not opposite ends of a spectrum, but are distinct behaviors with different factors of influence.
More is less: Connectivity in fractal regions

Ad-hoc networks are often deployed in regions with complicated boundaries. We show that if the boundary is modeled as a fractal, a network requiring line of sight connections has the counterintuitive property that increasing the number of nodes decreases the full connection probability. We characterise this decay as a stretched exponential involving the fractal dimension of the boundary, and discuss mitigation strategies. Applications of this study include the analysis and design of sensor networks operating in rugged terrain (e.g. railway cuttings), mm-wave networks in industrial settings and vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure networks in urban environments.
Context Models For Web Search Personalization

We present our solution to the Yandex Personalized Web Search Challenge. The aim of this challenge was to use the historical search logs to personalize top-N document rankings for a set of test users. We used over 100 features extracted from user- and query-depended contexts to train neural net and tree-based learning-to-rank and regression models. Our final submission, which was a blend of several different models, achieved an NDCG@10 of 0.80476 and placed 4'th amongst the 194 teams winning 3'rd prize.
RNAi Screen Reveals an Abl Kinase-Dependent Host Cell Pathway Involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Internalization

Internalization of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa by non-phagocytic cells is promoted by rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, but the host pathways usurped by this bacterium are not clearly understood. We used RNAi-mediated gene inactivation of ∼80 genes known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in Drosophila S2 cells to identify host molecules essential for entry of P. aeruginosa. This work revealed Abl tyrosine kinase, the adaptor protein Crk, the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, and p21-activated kinase as components of a host signaling pathway that leads to internalization of P. aeruginosa. Using a variety of complementary approaches, we validated the role of this pathway in mammalian cells. Remarkably, ExoS and ExoT, type III secreted toxins of P. aeruginosa, target this pathway by interfering with GTPase function and, in the case of ExoT, by abrogating P. aeruginosa–induced Abl-dependent Crk phosphorylation. Altogether, this work reveals that P. aeruginosa utilizes the Abl pathway for entering host cells and reveals unexpected complexity by which the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system modulates this internalization pathway. Our results furthermore demonstrate the applicability of using RNAi screens to identify host signaling cascades usurped by microbial pathogens that may be potential targets for novel therapies directed against treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
Measurements of aerosol properties from aircraft, satellite and ground‐based remote sensing: a case‐study from the Dust and Biomass‐burning Experiment (DABEX)

This paper presents aircraft measurements of aerosol optical properties and radiative effects from the Dust and Biomass‐burning Experiment (DABEX) over West Africa. On 19 January 2006 cloud‐free skies and high aerosol loading provided ideal conditions for an intercomparison of aircraft, satellite and ground‐based remote sensing instruments. Aerosol size distributions, optical properties, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and downwelling solar radiation were measured by the UK FAAM aircraft in the region of Niamey, Niger. The aircraft in situ measurements showed a mixture of dust and biomass‐burning aerosols and indicated an AOD of 0.79 (at 550 nm) that compared well against AODs from the Banizoumbou Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site (0.74) and a Microtops sunphotometer (0.72). AERONET size distributions showed a good degree of similarity with the aircraft in situ measurements. AERONET single‐scattering albedos were also in fairly close agreement with the aircraft, having values of 0.85 and 0.87, respectively (at 550 nm). Measurements of downwelling solar radiation from the aircraft compared well with measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) at Niamey. Radiative transfer modelling suggested a 130–160 W m−2 instantaneous reduction of downwelling solar radiation by the aerosol column (15–18% of the total flux). Measurements of downwelling solar radiation compared reasonably well against radiative transfer modelling based on the aircraft in situ data. Satellite retrievals of AOD from MISR and MODIS Deep Blue were within 0.05 of the ground‐based sunphotometers measurements although there were discrepancies in optical properties retrieved by MISR, as compared to AERONET and the aircraft. Copyright © Royal Meteorological Society, Crown Copyright 2009
A postnatal switch of CELF and MBNL proteins reprograms alternative splicing in the developing heart

From a large-scale screen using splicing microarrays and RT-PCR, we identified 63 alternative splicing (AS) events that are coordinated in 3 distinct temporal patterns during mouse heart development. More than half of these splicing transitions are evolutionarily conserved between mouse and chicken. Computational analysis of the introns flanking these splicing events identified enriched and conserved motifs including binding sites for CUGBP and ETR-3-like factors (CELF), muscleblind-like (MBNL) and Fox proteins. We show that CELF proteins are down-regulated >10-fold during heart development, and MBNL1 protein is concomitantly up-regulated nearly 4-fold. Using transgenic and knockout mice, we show that reproducing the embryonic expression patterns for CUGBP1 and MBNL1 in adult heart induces the embryonic splicing patterns for more than half of the developmentally regulated AS transitions. These findings indicate that CELF and MBNL proteins are determinative for a large subset of splicing transitions that occur during postnatal heart development.
HOST-PARASITE FACTORS IN GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

The data presented in this study suggest that Group A streptococci produce two distinct pyrogenic toxins: one primarily an intracellular toxin and the other mainly an extracellular toxin. Both of these toxins are not extractable by the conventional methods, phenol and TCA, used for isolation of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Their chemical composition, therefore, differs from that of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. On the basis of tolerance studies it appears that similar non-specific host factors may be involved in the detoxification of both the streptococcal intracellular pyrogenic toxin and the Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Detoxification of streptococcal exotoxin requires a more immunologically specific mechanism. Because all the Group A sonic extracts studied elicited reciprocal tolerance to one another, it is suggested that tolerance to the intracellular pyrogenic toxin is not correlated with type-specificity.
Battered Women’s Perceptions of Risk Versus Risk Factors and Instruments in Predicting Repeat Reassault

This study partially replicates and expands on a previous study that showed women’s perceptions of risk to be a strong predictor of reassault among batterers. The current study employed a larger and multisite sample, a longer follow-up period of 15 months, and multiple outcomes including “repeated reassault” (n = 499). According to the multinomial logistic regressions, women’s perceptions of risk improved prediction with risk factors (ROC area under the curve improved by .04 and sensitivity of repeated reassault increased 12 percentage points). In comparison to simulated risk instruments, women’s perceptions by themselves were better predictors than the K-SID, similar in predictive ability to the SARA, and almost as strong as the DAS. The best prediction of repeated reassault was obtained using risk markers, including women’s perceptions (ROC AUC = .83; 70% sensitivity) or by using the DAS and women’s perceptions together (ROC AUC = .73; 64% sensitivity).
Epigenetics and addiction

Addictions are public health menaces. However, despite advances in addiction research, the cellular or molecular mechanisms that cause transition from recreational use to addiction remain to be elucidated. We have recently suggested that addiction may be secondary to long‐term epigenetic modifications that determine the clinical course of substance use disorders. A better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in animal models that mimic human conditions should help to usher in a new area of drug development against addiction.
Label-free CEST MRI Detection of Citicoline-Liposome Drug Delivery in Ischemic Stroke

ABSTRACT Citicoline (CDPC) is a natural supplement with well-documented neuroprotective effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we sought to exploit citicoline as a theranostic agent with its inherent chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI signal, which can be directly used as an MRI guidance in the citicoline drug delivery. Our in vitro CEST MRI results showed citicoline has two inherent CEST signals at +1 and +2 ppm, attributed to exchangeable hydroxyl and amine protons, respectively. To facilitate the targeted drug delivery of citicoline to ischemic regions, we prepared liposomes encapsulating citicoline (CDPC-lipo) and characterized the particle properties and CEST MRI properties. The in vivo CEST MRI detection of liposomal citicoline was then examined in a rat brain model of unilateral transient ischemia induced by a two-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion. The results showed that the delivery of CPDC-lipo to the brain ischemic areas could be monitored and quantified by CEST MRI. When administered intra-arterially, CDPC-lipo clearly demonstrated a detectable CEST MRI contrast at 2 ppm. CEST MRI revealed that liposomes preferentially accumulated in the areas of ischemia with a disrupted blood-brain-barrier. We furthermore used CEST MRI to detect the improvement in drug delivery using CDPC-lipo targeted against vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in the same animal model. The MRI findings were validated using fluorescence microscopy. Hence, liposomal citicoline represents a prototype theranostic system, where the therapeutic agent can be detected directly by CEST MRI in a label-free fashion.
Multi-Country Analysis of Treatment Costs for HIV/AIDS (MATCH): Facility-Level ART Unit Cost Analysis in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia

Background Today's uncertain HIV funding landscape threatens to slow progress towards treatment goals. Understanding the costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) will be essential for governments to make informed policy decisions about the pace of scale-up under the 2013 WHO HIV Treatment Guidelines, which increase the number of people eligible for treatment from 17.6 million to 28.6 million. The study presented here is one of the largest of its kind and the first to describe the facility-level cost of ART in a random sample of facilities in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia. Methods & Findings In 2010–2011, comprehensive data on one year of facility-level ART costs and patient outcomes were collected from 161 facilities, selected using stratified random sampling. Overall, facility-level ART costs were significantly lower than expected in four of the five countries, with a simple average of $208 per patient-year (ppy) across Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia. Costs were higher in South Africa, at $682 ppy. This included medications, laboratory services, direct and indirect personnel, patient support, equipment and administrative services. Facilities demonstrated the ability to retain patients alive and on treatment at these costs, although outcomes for established patients (2–8% annual loss to follow-up or death) were better than outcomes for new patients in their first year of ART (77–95% alive and on treatment). Conclusions This study illustrated that the facility-level costs of ART are lower than previously understood in these five countries. While limitations must be considered, and costs will vary across countries, this suggests that expanded treatment coverage may be affordable. Further research is needed to understand investment costs of treatment scale-up, non-facility costs and opportunities for more efficient resource allocation.