Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rigorous analysis of high-order electromagnetic invisibility cloaks

There is currently a great deal of interest in the invisibility cloaks recently proposed by Pendry et al that are based on the transformation approach. They obtained their results using first-order transformations. In recent papers, Hendi et al and Cai et al considered invisibility cloaks with high-order transformations. In this paper, we study high-order electromagnetic invisibility cloaks in transformation media obtained by high-order transformations from general anisotropic media. We consider the case where there is a finite number of spherical cloaks located in different points in space. We prove that for any incident plane wave, at any frequency, the scattered wave is identically zero. We also consider the scattering of finite-energy wave packets. We prove that the scattering matrix is the identity, i.e., that for any incoming wave packet the outgoing wave packet is the same as the incoming one. This proves that the invisibility cloaks cannot be detected in any scattering experiment with electromagnetic waves in high-order transformation media, and in particular in the first-order transformation media of Pendry et al. We also prove that the high-order invisibility cloaks, as well as the first-order ones, cloak passive and active devices. The cloaked objects completely decouple from the exterior. Actually, the cloaking outside is independent of what is inside the cloaked objects. The electromagnetic waves inside the cloaked objects cannot leave the concealed regions and vice versa, the electromagnetic waves outside the cloaked objects cannot go inside the concealed regions. As we prove our results for media that are obtained by transformation from general anisotropic materials, we prove that it is possible to cloak objects inside general crystals.
Language and woman's place : text and commentaries

The 1975 publication of Robin Tolmach Lakoff's Language and Woman's Place, is widely recognized as having inaugurated feminist research on the relationship between language and gender, touching off a remarkable response among language scholars, feminists, and general readers. For the past thirty years, scholars of language and gender have been debating and developing Lakoff's initial observations. Arguing that language is fundamental to gender inequality, Lakoff pointed to two areas in which inequalities can be found: Language used about women, such as the asymmetries between seemingly parallel terms like master and mistress, and language used by women, which places women in a double bind between being appropriately feminine and being fully human. Lakoff's central argument that "women's language" expresses powerlessness triggered a controversy that continues to this day. The revised and expanded edition presents the full text of the original first edition, along with an introduction and annotations by Lakoff in which she reflects on the text a quarter century later and expands on some of the most widely discussed issues it raises. The volume also brings together commentaries from twenty-six leading scholars of language, gender, and sexuality, within linguistics, anthropology, modern languages, education, information sciences, and other disciplines. The commentaries discuss the book's contribution to feminist research on language and explore its ongoing relevance for scholarship in the field. This new edition of Language and Woman's Place not only makes available once again the pioneering text of feminist linguistics; just as important, it places the text in the context of contemporary feminist and gender theory for a new generation of readers.
The Liberation of Embryonic Stem Cells

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are defined by their capacity to self-renew and their ability to differentiate into all adult tissues including the germ line. Along with efficient clonal propagation, these properties have made them an unparalleled tool for manipulation of the mouse genome. Traditionally, mouse ES (mES) cells have been isolated and cultured in complex, poorly defined conditions that only permit efficient derivation from the 129 mouse strain; genuine ES cells have not been isolated from another species in these conditions. Recently, use of small molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) and the Fgf-MAPK signaling cascade has permitted efficient derivation of ES cells from all tested mouse strains. Subsequently, the first verified ES cells were established from a non-mouse species, Rattus norvegicus. Here, we summarize the advances in our understanding of the signaling pathways regulating mES cell self-renewal that led to the first derivation of rat ES cells and highlight the new opportunities presented for transgenic modeling on diverse genetic backgrounds. We also comment on the implications of this work for our understanding of pluripotent stem cells across mammalian species.
A Self-Organizing Architecture for Decentralized Smart Microgrids Synchronization, Control, and Monitoring

The concept of smart microgrid (SMG) is widely recognized as one of the most promising and enabling technologies for smart grids. In this context, the development of integrated and decentralized frameworks for executing complex control and monitoring applications is still in its infancy and needs to be researched. To address this issue, this paper conceptualizes a self-organizing computing framework, based on self-organizing agents, for solving the fundamental control and monitoring problems of an SMG without the need for centralized data acquisition and processing. Simulation results obtained for an 18-bus test network are presented and discussed in order to demonstrate the significance and validity of the proposed new framework.
Relating Difficulty : The Processes of Constructing and Managing Difficult Interaction

Contents: Preface. S. Duck, D.C. Kirkpatrick, M.K. Foley, Difficulty In Relating: Some Conceptual Problems With "Problematic Relationships" and Difficulties With "Difficult People. " S.D. Bradshaw, Shyness and Difficult Relationships: Formation Is Just the Beginning. M.K. Foley, Locating "Difficulty": A Multi-Site Model of Intimate Terrorism. M.J. Lovaglia, J.W. Lucas, Leadership as the Management of Power in Relationships at Work. G. Allan, C. Gerstner, Money and Relationship Difficulties. M.C. M. Serewicz, The Difficulties of In-law Relationships. E.M. Sahlstein, The Trouble With Distance. E.L. Paul, Beer Goggles, Catching Feelings, and the Walk of Shame: The Myths and Realities of the Hookup Experience. E.K. Foster, R.L. Rosnow, Gossip and Network Relationships. S.S. Rollie, Nonresidential Parent-Child Relationships: Overcoming the Challenges of Absence. R. Lyons, L. Langille, S. Duck, Difficult Relationships and Relationship Difficulties: Relationship Adaption and Chronic Health Problems. S. Duck, M.K. Foley, D.C. Kirkpatrick, Relating Difficulty in a Triangular World.
THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON WORK TO FAMILY CONFLICT: A TURKISH CASE

Organizations’ support for their employees plays crucial role in the success and effectiveness the employees. This support may be a distinctive factor in decreasing conflict levels of employees to optimal levels. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the role of perceived organizational support on work-family conflict. For this purpose, the survey based study was conducted on 90 officers working in Bayburt University. The result shows that perceived organizational support has a negative effect on work-family conflict.
Codon usage and gene expression level in Dictyostelium discoideum: highly expressed genes do 'prefer' optimal codons.

Codon usage patterns in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum have been re-examined (a total of 58 genes have been analysed). Considering the extreme A + T-richness of this genome (G + C = 22%), there is a surprising degree of codon usage variation among genes. For example, G + C content at silent sites varies from less than 10% to greater than 30%. It was previously suggested [Warrick, H.M. and Spudich, J.A. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 6617-6635] that highly expressed genes contain fewer 'optimal' codons than genes expressed at lower levels. However, it appears that the optimal codons were misidentified. Multivariate statistical analysis shows that the greatest variation among genes is in relative usage of a particular subset of codons (about one per amino acid), many of which are C-ending. We have identified these as optimal codons, since (i) their frequency is positively correlated with gene expression level, and (ii) there is a strong mutation bias in this genome towards A and T nucleotides. Thus, codon usage in D. discoideum can be explained by a balance between the forces of mutational bias and translational selection.
Integrating the common information model with MDS4

The management and monitoring of static and dynamic resources is a key issue in grid environments. Information models are an abstract representation of software and hardware aspects of these resources, a common and structured representation that allows intra- and inter-grid interoperability. Among them, the common information model (CIM), standardized by the DMTF, is an object-oriented and extensible model. The aim of this work is to provide a CIM-based query service for resource management information in grid systems. This is achieved by publishing the CIM information on the monitoring and discovery system version 4 (MDS4) component of the Globus Toolkit, and implementing a query engine that supports queries with arbitrary navigation depth on a CIM instance tree.
Hearing in young adults. Part II: The effects of recreational noise exposure

Great concern arises from recreational noise exposure, which might lead to noise-induced hearing loss in young adults. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of recreational noise exposure on hearing function in young adults. A questionnaire concerning recreational noise exposures and an audiological test battery were completed by 163 subjects (aged 18-30 years). Based on the duration of exposure and self-estimated loudness of various leisure-time activities, the weekly and lifetime equivalent noise exposure were calculated. Subjects were categorized in groups with low, intermediate, and high recreational noise exposure based on these values. Hearing was evaluated using audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Mean differences in hearing between groups with low, intermediate, and high recreational noise exposure were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were no significant differences in hearing thresholds, TEOAE amplitudes, and DPOAE amplitudes between groups with low, intermediate, or high recreational noise exposure. Nevertheless, one-third of our subjects exceeded the weekly equivalent noise exposure for all activities of 75 dBA. Further, the highest equivalent sound pressure levels (SPLs) were calculated for the activities visiting nightclubs or pubs, attending concerts or festivals, and playing in a band or orchestra. Moreover, temporary tinnitus after recreational noise exposure was found in 86% of our subjects. There were no significant differences in hearing between groups with low, intermediate, and high recreational noise exposure. Nevertheless, a long-term assessment of young adults′ hearing in relation to recreational noise exposure is needed.
Insulin secretion in type II diabetics: in vivo and in vitro investigation.

Many cases of type II diabetes present an anomaly of insulin secretion which is characterized by a missing, reduced, or delayed glucose-stimulated insulin output from the beta cell. We aimed at finding out whether this characteristic disorder is a consequence of reduced beta cell mass or of a more functional disturbance. In the latter case it was to be clarified whether the disturbed beta cell "glucoreceptor" function represents a qualitative or rather a quantitative difference. By the evaluation of insulin secretion and of carbohydrate tolerance during oral and/or intravenous intake of glucose, and after intravenous application of tolbutamide or glucagon the defective insulin secretion in type II diabetics was found to represent a more functional disturbance which could not be explained by reduction of beta cell mass. Thus it was concluded that the anomaly of insulin secretion mentioned above might be a consequence of a qualitative defect of the glucoreceptor. To prove this, isolated human islets (insulin secretion under incubation with glucose, measurements of 3H-leucine incorporation and of the insulin content) were also studied. In contrast to the in vivo results, insulin release of the isolated islets of type II diabetics was normal. From this it must be concluded that the glucoreceptor of the beta cell, which in vivo reacts in a qualitatively different manner from that of subjects with intact metabolism, is not irreversibly disturbed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The 190 Pt – 186 Os decay system applied to dating platinum-group element mineralization of the Bushveld Complex , South Africa

a Northern Centre for Isotopic and Elemental Tracing, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK b Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany c Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and CNRS (UMR 7202), 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France d Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
Shape shifting predicts ontogenetic changes in metabolic scaling in diverse aquatic invertebrates

Metabolism fuels all biological activities, and thus understanding its variation is fundamentally important. Much of this variation is related to body size, which is commonly believed to follow a 3/4-power scaling law. However, during ontogeny, many kinds of animals and plants show marked shifts in metabolic scaling that deviate from 3/4-power scaling predicted by general models. Here, we show that in diverse aquatic invertebrates, ontogenetic shifts in the scaling of routine metabolic rate from near isometry (bR = scaling exponent approx. 1) to negative allometry (bR < 1), or the reverse, are associated with significant changes in body shape (indexed by bL = the scaling exponent of the relationship between body mass and body length). The observed inverse correlations between bR and bL are predicted by metabolic scaling theory that emphasizes resource/waste fluxes across external body surfaces, but contradict theory that emphasizes resource transport through internal networks. Geometric estimates of the scaling of surface area (SA) with body mass (bA) further show that ontogenetic shifts in bR and bA are positively correlated. These results support new metabolic scaling theory based on SA influences that may be applied to ontogenetic shifts in bR shown by many kinds of animals and plants.
Randomized Approximation of the Gram Matrix: Exact Computation and Probabilistic Bounds

Given a real matrix A with n columns, the problem is to approximate the Gram product AA^T by c = rank(A) columns depend on the right singular vector matrix of A. For a Monte-Carlo matrix multiplication algorithm by Drineas et al. that samples outer products, we present probabilistic bounds for the 2-norm relative error due to randomization. The bounds depend on the stable rank or the rank of A, but not on the matrix dimensions. Numerical experiments illustrate that the bounds are informative, even for stringent success probabilities and matrices of small dimension. We also derive bounds for the smallest singular value and the condition number of matrices obtained by sampling rows from orthonormal matrices.
Plasma levels of a viral protein as a diagnostic signal for the presence of tumor : the murine mammary tumor model.

We used the mouse mammary tumor and its associated virus (murine mammary tumor virus) to examine the possibility of using plasma levels of a viral protein (gp52, the glycoprotein of 52,000 molecular weight) as a diagnostic indicator of the presence of a solid tumor. The following features have emerged from our studies: (a) tumor-bearing animals show markedly elevated (100-1000 ng/ml) plasma levels of gp52 and the mean concentration increases with tumor size; (b) mammary tumor tissues located outside the mammary gland are also detected by the elevated plasma gp52; (c) low (2-10 ng/ml) plasma levels of gp52 are found in tumor-free mice, whether they are derived from strains characterized by high or low frequencies of spontaneous mammary tumors; (d) tumor-free lactating females exhibit the normally low levels of plasma gp52 despite the fact that their milk contains an average of 20,000 ng/ml of this antigen; (e) thus, high levels of plasma gp52 are found only in the presence of tumor and are not induced by either predisposition for the disease or by normal production of the antigen during lactation; (f) the circulatory clearance time of gp52 is sufficiently rapid to require continued replenishment to maintain the high levels observed in tumor-bearing animals, a feature implying that the gp52 concentration can be a responsive parameter of disease status. The information obtained suggests that plasma gp52 is a potentially useful and specific systemic indicator of the presence and extent of murine mammary neoplasia.
One-Way Compatibility, Two-Way Compatibility and Entry in Network Industries

We study the strategic choice of compatibility between two initially incompatible network goods in a two-stage game played by an incumbent and an entrant firm. Compatibility may be achieved by means of a converter. We derive a number of results under different assumptions about the nature of the converter (one-way \emph{vs} two-way) and the existence of property rights. In the case of a two-way converter, which can only be supplied by the incumbent, incompatibility will result in equilibrium. When both firms can build a one-way converter and there are no property rights on the necessary technical specifications, the unique equilibrium involves full compatibility. Finally, when each firm has property rights on its technical specifications, full incompatibility and preemption are again observed at the equilibrium. With incompatibility, entry deterrence occurs for sufficiently strong network effects. The welfare analysis shows that the equilibrium compatibility regime is socially inefficient for most levels of the network effects.
Relative Accuracy Stochastic Environment Learning Linear Concepts First Conclusion Appendix : Performance Measures

Temporal Difference Learning and TD-Gammon Complexity in the Game of Backgammon TD-Gammon’s Learning Methodology -Figure 1. Results of Training -Table 1, Figure 2, Table 2, Figure 3, Table 3. Understanding the Learning Process Absolute Accuracy vs. Relative Accuracy Stochastic Environment Learning Linear Concepts First Conclusion Appendix: Performance Measures Acknowledgments References About the Author
Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Activity of Cyclostellettamine Alkaloids from Sponge Pachychalina sp.

Cyclostellettamines A – F (1 – 6) isolated from the sponge Pachychalina sp. and cyclostellettamines G - I, K and L (7 – 11) obtained by synthesis were evaluated in bioassays of antimicrobial activity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, as well as in antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv bioassays. The results obtained indicated that cyclostellettamines display different antimicrobial activity depending on the alkyl-chain size, suggesting that, if a mechanism-of action is implied, it is dependent on the distance between the two pyridinium moieties of cyclostellettamines.
The dynamics of aggression: Biological and social processes in dyads and groups.

Contents: Preface. Part I: Differing Perspectives on Aggression Dynamics: Introduction to Game Theoretical Analyses and Arousal Hypotheses. J. Archer, F. Huntingford, Game Theory Models and Escalation of Animal Fights. L. Berkowitz, On the Escalation of Aggression. Part II: Aggressive State and Trait: Behavioral and Physiological Processes Within Individuals. D. Zillmann, Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies in the Escalation of Anger and Angry Aggression. M. Potegal, Aggressive Arousal: The Amygdala Connection. P.M. Bronstein, Aggression Waxing (Sometimes Waning): Siamese Fighting Fish. G.V. Caprara, M. Perugini, C. Barbaranelli, Studies of Individual Differences in Aggression. Part III: Aggression Dynamics in Development: Interactions Within and Outside the Family. D. Einon, M. Potegal, Temper Tantrums in Young Children. J.F. Knutson, M.E. Bower, Physically Abusive Parenting as an Escalated Aggressive Response. R.B. Cairns, C. Santoyo V. , K.A. Holly, Aggressive Escalation: Toward a Developmental Analysis. Part IV: Aggression Dynamics in Larger Social and Political Contexts: Game Theory Revisited. J. Bohstedt, The Dynamics of Riots: Escalation and Diffusion/Contagion. R.J. Leng, Interstate Crisis Escalation and War.
Trust in Banks: Evidence from the Spanish Financial Crisis

In this article we assess the economic problem of trust in banks employing unique survey evidence from Spanish bank customers. Almost no studies have been able to evaluate the impact of bank customers´ perceptions about banks on trust in the financial system, controlling simultaneously for the underlying levels of general distrust. In order to fill in this gap, we study the potential impact of factors that might determine the level of trust in banks and analyse the effects of the perception of the 2007 financial crisis by bank customers. Allowing for bank customer heterogeneity and controlling for general distrust, we show that trust in banks is mainly affected by bank customers' assessment of several performance characteristics and attributes of banks. Our results suggest that for the sub-population of bank customers with neutral levels of general distrust – who also consider that Spanish banks are changing their behaviour for the worse – an increase in banks' sensitivity towards customers' problems and banks' commitment to their customers would increase their probability of trusting banks by 34.7% and 34%, respectively.