Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of advanced proximal neoplasms according to distal colorectal findings: comparison of sigmoidoscopy-based strategies.

BACKGROUND Screening for colorectal cancer with sigmoidoscopy benefits from the fact that distal findings predict the risk of advanced proximal neoplasms (APNs). This study was aimed at comparing the existing strategies of postsigmoidoscopy referral to colonoscopy in terms of accuracy and resources needed. METHODS Asymptomatic individuals aged 50-69 years were eligible for a randomized controlled trial designed to compare colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test. Sigmoidoscopy yield was estimated from results obtained in the colonoscopy arm according to three sets of criteria of colonoscopy referral (from those proposed in the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, Screening for COlon REctum [SCORE], and Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention [NORCCAP] trials). Advanced neoplasm detection rate, sensitivity, specificity, and number of individuals needed to refer for colonoscopy to detect one APN were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify distal findings associated with APN. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS APN was found in 255 of 5059 (5.0%) individuals. Fulfillment of UK (6.2%), SCORE (12.0%), and NORCCAP (17.9%) criteria varied statistically significantly (P < .001). The NORCCAP strategy obtained the highest sensitivity for APN detection (36.9%), and the UK approach reached the highest specificity (94.6%). The number of individuals needed to refer for colonoscopy to detect one APN was 6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4 to 7), 8 (95% CI = 6 to 9), and 10 (95% CI = 8 to 12) when the UK, SCORE, and NORCCAP criteria were used, respectively. The logistic regression analysis identified distal adenoma ≥10 mm (odds ratio = 3.77; 95% CI = 2.52 to 5.65) as the strongest independent predictor of APN. CONCLUSIONS Whereas the NORCCAP criteria achieved the highest sensitivity for APN detection, the UK recommendations benefited from the lowest number of individuals needed to refer for colonoscopy.
Underexpanded Screeching Jets from Circular, Rectangular, and Elliptic Nozzles

Abstract The screech frequency and amplitude, the shock spacing, the hydrodynamic-acoustic standing wave spacing, and the convective velocity of large organized structures are measured in the nominal Mach number range of 1.1≤M j ≤1.9 for supersonic, underexpanded jets exhausting from a circular, a rectangular and an elliptic nozzle. This provides a carefully measured data set useful in comparing the importance of various physical parameters in the screech generation process. The hydrodynamic-acoustic standing wave is formed between the potential pressure field of large turbulent structures and the acoustic pressure field of the screech sound. It has been demonstrated earlier (Panda, AIAA 96-1718) that in the currently available screech frequency prediction models replacement of the shock spacing by the standing wave spacing provides an exact expression. In view of this newly found evidence a comparison is made between the average standing wavelength and the average shock spacing. It is found that there exists a small, yet important, difference, which is dependent on the azimuthal screech mode. For example, in the flapping modes of circu-lar, rectangular and elliptic jets, the standing wavelength is slightly longer than the shock spacing, while for the helical screech mode in a circular jet the opposite is true. This difference accounts for the departure of the existing models from predicting the exact screech frequency. Another important parameter, necessary in screech prediction, is the convective velocity of the large organized structures. It is demonstrated that the presence of the hydrodynamic-acoustic standing wave, even inside the jet shear layer, becomes a significant source of error in the convective velocity data obtained using the conventional methods. However, a new relationship, using the standing wavelength and screech frequency is shown to provide more accurate results.
Accessing hyperdocuments through interactive dynamic maps

We propose a new navigation paradigm based on a spatial metaphor to help users access and navigate within large sets of documents. This metaphor is implemented by a computer artifact called an Interactive Dynamic Map (IDM). An IDM plays a role similar to the role of a real map with respect to physical space. Two types of IDMs are computed from the documents: Topic IDMs represent the semantic contents of a set of documents while Document IDMs visualize a subset of documents such as those resulting from a query. IDMs can be used for navigating, browsing, and querying. They can be made active, they can be customized and they can be shared among users. The article presents the SHADOCS document retrieval system and describes the role, use and generation of IDMs in SHADOCS.
Analysis of three surgical treatments for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 3 surgical procedures for Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage (SICH). A total of 63 patients with SICH were randomized into 3 groups. Group A (n = 21) underwent craniotomy surgery, group B (n = 22) underwent burr hole, urokinase infusion and catheter drainage, and group C (n = 20) underwent neuroendoscopic surgery. The hematoma evacuation rate of the operation was analyzed by 3D Slice software and the average surgery time, visualization during operation, decompressive effect, mortality, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) improvement, complications include rebleeding, pneumonia, intracranial infection were also compared among 3 groups. All procedures were successfully completed and the hematoma evacuation rate was significant differences among 3 groups which were 79.8%, 43.1%, 89.3% respectively (P < .01), and group C was the highest group. Group B was smallest traumatic one and shared the shortest operation time, but for the lack of hemostasis, it also the highest rebleeding group (P = .03). Although there were different in complications, but there was no significant in pneumonia, intracranial infection, GCS improvement and mortality rate. All these 3 methods had its own advantages and shortcomings, and every approach had its indications for SICH. Although for neuroendoscopic technical's minimal invasive, direct vision, effectively hematoma evacuation rate, and the relatively optimistic result, it might be a more promising approach for SICH.
Mechanism of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in hypertriglyceridemia.

Plasma net cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer and optimum cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity were determined in primary hypertriglyceridemic (n = 11) and normolipidemic (n = 15) individuals. The hypertriglyceridemic group demonstrated threefold greater net CE transfer leading to enhanced accumulation of CE in VLDL. This increased net transfer was not accompanied by a change in CETP activity. In normolipidemia, but not in hypertriglyceridemia, net CE transfer correlated with VLDL triglyceride (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). In contrast, net CE transfer in hypertriglyceridemia, but not in normolipidemia, correlated with CETP activity (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01). Correction of hypertriglyceridemia with bezafibrate reduced net CE transfer towards normal and restored the correlation with VLDL triglyceride (r = 0.90, P less than 0.005) while suppressing the correlation with CETP activity. That net CE transfer depends on VLDL concentration was confirmed by an increase of net CE transfer in normolipidemic plasma supplemented with purified VLDL. Supplementation of purified CETP to normolipidemic plasma did not stimulate net CE transfer. In contrast, net CE transfer was enhanced by addition of CETP to both plasma supplemented with VLDL and hypertriglyceridemic plasma. Thus, in normal subjects, VLDL concentration determines the rate of net CE transfer. CETP becomes rate limiting as VLDL concentration increases, i.e., in hypertriglyceridemia.
Advance Demand Information, Price Discrimination, and Preorder Strategies

T paper studies the preorder strategy that a seller may use to sell a perishable product in an uncertain market with heterogeneous consumers. By accepting preorders, the seller is able to obtain advance demand information for inventory planning and price discriminate the consumers. Given the preorder option, the consumers react strategically by optimizing the timing of purchase. We find that accurate demand information may improve the availability of the product, which undermines the seller’s ability to charge a high preorder price. As a result, advance demand information may hurt the seller’s profit due to its negative impact for the preorder season. This cautions the seller about a potential conflict between the benefits of advance demand information and price discrimination when facing strategic consumers. A common practice to contain consumers’ strategic waiting is to offer price guarantees that compensate preorder consumers in case of a later price cut. Under price guarantees, the seller will reduce price in the regular season only if the preorder demand is low; however, such advance information implies weak demand in the regular season as well. This means that the seller can no longer benefit from a high demand in the regular season. Therefore, under price guarantees, more accurate advance demand information may still hurt the seller’s profit due to its adverse impact for the regular season. We also investigate the seller’s strategy choice in such a setting (i.e., whether the preorder option should be offered and whether it should be coupled with price guarantees) and find that the answer depends on the relative sizes of the heterogeneous consumer segments.
Previous Exposure to Measles, Mumps, and Rubella—but Not Vaccination During Adolescence—Correlates to the Prevalence of Pancreatic and Thyroid Autoantibodies

Objective. This study was designed to determine whether a relationship exists between previous exposure to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) by natural infection or vaccination or by new immunization with MMR vaccine, and either the presence or levels of autoantibodies against thyroid cell and pancreatic β-cell antigens. Methods. Antibodies against MMR and autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, pancreas islet cells (ICA), islet cell surface, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65k autoantibodies, and insulin were studied before, and 3 months after, vaccination with combined MMR vaccine in 386 school children between 11 and 13 years of age. Results. The vaccination changed neither the prevalence nor the level of autoantibodies. Children with rubella antibodies before vaccination had higher levels of ICA than did the rubella seronegative children. In contrast, thyroid autoantibody levels and prevalence were lower in children with antibodies against measles, mumps, or both before vaccination than in children without those antibodies. Conclusions. Previous natural infection or vaccination against measles, mumps, or both seemed to have an inhibitory effect on the development of thyroid autoantibodies. In contrast, children with previous exposure to rubella had higher levels of ICA. No evidence was found that MMR vaccination during adolescence may trigger autoimmunity.
Simultaneous construction of PCR‐DGGE‐based predictive models of Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus on cooked shrimps

The aim of this study was to simultaneously construct PCR‐DGGE‐based predictive models of Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus on cooked shrimps at 4 and 10°C. Calibration curves were established to correlate peak density of DGGE bands with microbial counts. Microbial counts derived from PCR‐DGGE and plate methods were fitted by Baranyi model to obtain molecular and traditional predictive models. For L. monocytogenes, growing at 4 and 10°C, molecular predictive models were constructed. It showed good evaluations of correlation coefficients (R2 > 0·92), bias factors (Bf) and accuracy factors (Af) (1·0 ≤ Bf ≤ Af ≤ 1·1). Moreover, no significant difference was found between molecular and traditional predictive models when analysed on lag phase (λ), maximum growth rate (μmax) and growth data (P > 0·05). But for V. parahaemolyticus, inactivated at 4 and 10°C, molecular models show significant difference when compared with traditional models. Taken together, these results suggest that PCR‐DGGE based on DNA can be used to construct growth models, but it is inappropriate for inactivation models yet. This is the first report of developing PCR‐DGGE to simultaneously construct multiple molecular models.
Surgical treatment of phyllodes tumors of the breast

Eighty‐one female patients with phyllodes tumors of the breast, surgically treated from 1974 to 1983, were studied. Their age ranged from 9 to 88 years. According to histology, the series was divided into three groups, of 28 (34.5%) benign tumors, 32 (39.5%) border‐line tumors, and 21 (25.9%) malignant tumors. Because ten patients were lost to follow‐up, only 71 women could be evaluated. All the patients had received surgical treatment: 51 women had been treated conservatively (11 enucleations, 40 wide resections), and 20 had undergone radical operations (13 underwent total and five underwent subcutaneous mastectomies, whereas one underwent modified and one underwent radical mastectomy). The mean follow‐up, for the three groups, was 106 months for benign, 84 months for borderline, and 82 months for malignant tumors; in no case was radical surgery followed by local recurrence: of 51 women conservatively treated, 14 experienced local relapse, i.e., one of 24 women with benign, ten of 22 with borderline, and three of 8 with malignant lesions. Only two of 47 patients (4.2%) with borderline or malignant tumors developed distant metastasis and died from disease. No relationship between tumor size and risk of local recurrence could be demonstrated, and no difference could be identified between borderline and malignant lesions, in terms both of local and distant relapse. Local recurrences do not appear to affect survival: as a consequence, wide resection should be the primary treatment. Enucleation is to be proscribed. Total mastectomy has been indicated for very large tumors and for local recurrences of borderline and malignant lesions. Axillary dissection is not worthwhile.
The Multiparty Communication Complexity of Interleaved Group Products

Party A<sub>i</sub> of k parties A<sub>1</sub>,. ,A<sub>k</sub> receives on its forehead a t-tuple (a<sub>i1</sub>,.,a<sub>it</sub>) of elements from the group G = SL(2, q). The parties are promised that the interleaved product a<sub>11</sub>. a<sub>k1</sub>a<sub>12</sub>. a<sub>k2</sub>. a<sub>1t</sub>. a<sub>kt</sub> is equal either to the identity e or to some other fixed element g ∈ G. Their goal is to determine which of e and g the interleaved product is equal to, using the least amount of communication. We show that for all fixed k and all sufficiently large t the communication is Ω(t log |G|), which is tight. As an application, we establish the security of the leakage-resilient circuits studied by Miles and Viola (STOC 2013) in the "only computation leaks" model. Our main technical contribution is of independent interest. We show that if X is a probability distribution on G<sup>m</sup> such that any two coordinates are uniform in G<sup>2</sup>, then a pointwise product of s independent copies of X is nearly uniform in G<sup>m</sup>, where s depends on m only.
c-kit+ Cardiac Stem Cells Alleviate Post-Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Dysfunction Despite Poor Engraftment and Negligible Retention in the Recipient Heart

Although transplantation of c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) has been shown to alleviate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction induced by myocardial infarction (MI), the number of exogenous CSCs remaining in the recipient heart following transplantation and their mechanism of action remain unclear. We have previously developed a highly sensitive and accurate method to quantify the absolute number of male murine CSCs in female recipient organs after transplantation. In the present study, we used this method to monitor the number of donor CSCs in the recipient heart after intracoronary infusion. Female mice underwent a 60-min coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion; 2 days later, 100,000 c-kit+/lin- syngeneic male mouse CSCs were infused intracoronarily. Only 12.7% of the male CSCs present in the heart immediately (5 min) after infusion were still present in the heart at 24 h, and their number declined rapidly thereafter. By 35 days after infusion, only ∼1,000 male CSCs were found in the heart. Significant numbers of male CSCs were found in the lungs and kidneys, but only in the first 24 h. The number of CSCs in the lungs increased between 5 min and 24 h after infusion, indicating recirculation of CSCs initially retained in other organs. Despite the low retention and rapid disappearance of CSCs from the recipient heart, intracoronary delivery of CSCs significantly improved LV function at 35 days (Millar catheter). These results suggest that direct differentiation of CSCs alone cannot account for the beneficial effects of CSCs on LV function; therefore, paracrine effects must be the major mechanism. The demonstration that functional improvement is dissociated from survival of transplanted cells has major implications for our understanding of cell therapy. In addition, this new quantitative method of stem cell measurement will be useful in testing approaches of enhancing CSC engraftment and survival after transplantation.
Tuberous sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a genetic disease with prominent cutaneous and brain involvement whose clinical and molecular genetics are reviewed. OBSERVATIONS Tuberous sclerosis is a systemic disorder (incidence one in 10,000) characterized by benign growths (hamartias and hamartomas) in multiple organ systems. Involvement of the brain can result in persistent seizures and mental retardation; skin involvement includes facial angiofibromas, subungual fibromas, hypomelanotic macules, forehead fibrous plaques, and Shagreen's patches. Approximately 60% of TS occurs as apparent sporadic cases. In families, it has autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance (approximately 95%), with careful clinical and radiologic evaluation. Genetic linkage analysis indicates that about half of all TS families show linkage to chromosome 9q34, and about half to chromosome 16p13. There are no distinguishing features in the two groups of families showing linkage to the two genomic regions, nor strong evidence for a third causative gene. Positional cloning efforts for both chromosomal regions have limited the region containing the gene to about 1 to 2 million bases. CONCLUSIONS Identification of the two TS genes should illuminate the pathogenesis of TS and provide opportunities for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention.
Implicit Mass-matrix Penalization of Hamiltonian Dynamics with Application to Exact Sampling of Stiff Systems

An implicit mass-matrix penalization (IMMP) of Hamiltonian dynamics is proposed, and associated dynamical integrators, as well as sampling Monte Carlo schemes, are analyzed for systems with multiple time scales. The penalization is based on an extended Hamiltonian with artificial constraints associated with some selected degrees of freedom (DOFs). The penalty parameters enable arbitrary tuning of time scales for the selected DOFs. The IMMP dynamics is shown to be an interpolation between the exact Hamiltonian dynamics and the dynamics with rigid constraints. This property translates in the associated numerical integrator into a tunable trade-off between stability and dynamical modification. A penalty that vanishes with the time step yields order two convergent schemes for the exact dynamics. Moreover, by construction, the resulting dynamics preserves the canonical equilibrium distribution in position variables, up to a computable geometric correcting potential. This leads to Metropolis-like unbiased sampl.
Building Relationships and Resilience in the Workplace: Construction of a Workplace Bullying Training Program

In recent years a growing number of interventions have been designed to reduce the impact of workplace bullying within organisations. However, due to a lack of research into this area relatively little is known about the efficacy of such programs. This paper presents an overview of a longitudinal research project being constructed to determine the impact of training on workplace bullying to assist employees to manage workplace bullying when it occurs. We propose an intervention which includes restorative justice practices, emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills training may be able to assist in reducing the impact of antisocial behaviours. The project will employ an experimental research design to determine the impact of the training on individuals and work teams within organisations.
Systems biology of immunity to MF59-adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in early childhood

Significance Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective public health tools in history and offer a means to probe the human immune system. Recent advances have applied the tools of systems biology to study immune responses to vaccination in humans. Here we describe the application of this “systems vaccinology” approach to studying immunity to vaccination of 14- to 24-mo-old children with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administered with or without the MF59 adjuvant. These results reveal important new insights about the dynamics of the innate and adaptive responses to vaccination in this population, and identify potential correlates of immunity to vaccination in children. The dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying vaccine immunity in early childhood remain poorly understood. Here we applied systems approaches to investigate the innate and adaptive responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and MF59-adjuvanted TIV (ATIV) in 90 14- to 24-mo-old healthy children. MF59 enhanced the magnitude and kinetics of serum antibody titers following vaccination, and induced a greater frequency of vaccine specific, multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cells. Compared with transcriptional responses to TIV vaccination previously reported in adults, responses to TIV in infants were markedly attenuated, limited to genes regulating antiviral and antigen presentation pathways, and observed only in a subset of vaccinees. In contrast, transcriptional responses to ATIV boost were more homogenous and robust. Interestingly, a day 1 gene signature characteristic of the innate response (antiviral IFN genes, dendritic cell, and monocyte responses) correlated with hemagglutination at day 28. These findings demonstrate that MF59 enhances the magnitude, kinetics, and consistency of the innate and adaptive response to vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccine during early childhood, and identify potential molecular correlates of antibody responses.