Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Person-Oriented Versus the Variable-Oriented Approach: Are They Complementary, Opposites, or Exploring Different Worlds?

The present commentary gives a brief overview of the person-oriented and variable-oriented approaches, how they are commonly used in longitudinal research, and what one should take into consideration before using either approach. In addition to presenting an empirical example on girls' adjustment problems using both approaches, this commentary uses the contributions in the present issue of Merrill Palmer Quarterly to illustrate some of the main issues surrounding these two perspectives. Special attention is also given to the contrast between the person-oriented and variable-oriented approaches in terms of aggregation and disaggregation, model appropriateness and usefulness, and prediction as a goal. Future directions with regard to implementing a person-oriented approach are discussed, including the importance of conceptual clarity, practical and theoretical training, and method development.
Relationship between organizational justice and employee work outcomes: a cross‐national study

This study examined the influence of organizational justice perceptions on employee work outcome relationships as moderated by individual differences that are influenced by societal culture. Power distance, but not country or individualism, moderated the relationships between perceived justice and satisfaction, performance, and absenteeism. The effects of perceived justice on these outcomes were stronger among individuals scoring lower on power distance index, and most of these study participants were in the U.S. (versus Hong Kong) sample. Limitations of the study and the implications of the findings for managing cross-culturally are discussed.
FFTPL: An analytic placement algorithm using fast fourier transform for density equalization

We propose a flat nonlinear placement algorithm FFTPL using fast Fourier transform for density equalization. The placement instance is modeled as an electrostatic system with the analogy of density cost to the potential energy. A well-defined Poisson's equation is proposed for gradient and cost computation. Our placer outperforms state-of-the-art placers with better solution quality and efficiency.
An analysis of the experiences of children with cerebral palsy in therapeutic horse riding.

This study utilised a qualitative interpretive approach to investigate the subjective experiences of six children with cerebral palsy who participated in a therapeutic horse riding intervention programme over a two-year period. Data was collected through a triangulation of methods and sources of data in the form of proxy reports from teachers, parents and therapists, and participant observations on my part. Research in the field of disability and rehabilitation remains largely ungrounded with respect to formalised theorising around concepts such as strengths, capabilities, and well-being. In attempting to address this gap, the nascent sub-discipline of positive psychology was identified as a field that holds significant research utility. Arguably, its keynote contribution entails directing researchers and practitioners in the field of disability and rehabilitation to the aim of building, reinforcing and extending disabled individuals' strengths in order to optimise their functioning. Consistent with existing work, this study found that the participants' lives were characterised by experiences of difference and marginalisation in relation to non-disabled individuals. More striking , however, was the finding that they were subject to experiences of difference and othering in relation to their disabled peers. This group dynamic seemed to be accounted for in terms of a hierarchy of similarities and differences with respect to their capabilities for communication and motor functioning. Further, the findings suggested that the participants tended to utilise their bodies, the site of their impairments, to engage with their environments and social others in their own idiosyncratic and agentic ways. By virtue of the tendency to negotiate and at times transcend their impaired physicalities, the participants were perceived as functionally autonomous, which worked to challenge prevailing stereotypes with regard to individuals with profound forms of physical disability. Importantly, such features impacted upon the degree and quality of their engagements with their physical and psychosocial environments in significant ways. In addition, in terms of the therapeutic riding activities engaged with during the course of this study, the participants came to experience their bodies as bodies that work. This
Anaerobic Power across Adolescence in Soccer Players

Purpose. Although the contribution of anaerobic power in soccer performance is recognized, this component of physical fitness is not well-studied in adolescent players. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of anaerobic power across adolescence in a laboratory setting. Methods. Male adolescents (N = 217; aged 12.01–20.98 y), classified into nine one-year age-groups, and adult players (as the control group, N = 29; aged 21.01–31.59 y), who were all members of competitive soccer clubs, performed the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) against a braking force of 0.075 Kg · Kg of body mass. Results. compared with previous age-matched studies on the general population, the participants exhibited superior WAnT scores. The Pearson moment correlation coefficient between age and peak power (Ppeak) was r = 0.71 (p < 0.001) and between age and mean power (Pmean) r = 0.75 (p < 0.001). Even when body mass or fat free mass was taken into account, the effect of age on these parameters remained (0.51 < r < 0.55, p < 0.001). One-way analysis of variance revealed differences in anaerobic power between the age groups across adolescence (p < 0.001), with the adult and age groups in the higher spectrum of adolescence performing better than those in the lower spectrum, supporting the aforementioned findings. Conclusions. We confirmed the importance of short-term power in adolescent soccer players, as well as the strong association between this sport-related physical fitness parameter and body mass and fat free mass (0.89 < r < 0.94, p < 0.001). However, what is novel is that we demonstrated that age effect on Ppeak and Pmean remained even when body mass and fat free mass were factored out.
Assessing the life history of an andean traveller through biogeochemistry: Stable and radiogenic isotope analyses of archaeological human remains from Northern Chile

Bioarchaeology and biogeochemistry can elucidate aspects of individual life histories that are often lost in the archaeological record. Here, we use stable and radiogenic isotope analyses of enamel, bone and hair to reconstruct paleodiet and paleomobility in an adult male interred along a pre-Columbian route connecting the northern Chilean coast to the inland Loa River Valley. Although this well-preserved burial included mortuary goods typical of coastal cultures, it was discovered in a vast, uninhabited part of northern Chile's hyper-arid Atacama Desert. Variation in carbon and nitrogen isotopes reflects dietary differences, while strontium and oxygen isotopes vary geologically and geographically. We use these data to examine paleodiet and paleomobility and to assess whether this was a coastal traveller seeking provisions from the interior or vice versa. Enamel stable isotope analysis is consistent with the consumption of a mixture of terrestrial and marine resources during the first years of life. Bone stable isotope analyses indicate habitual consumption of marine foodstuffs over the last 10–30 years of this individual's life. Interestingly, stable isotope analysis of hair samples provides more fine-grained information on this individual, suggesting movements between the coast and highlands in the months before his death. Radiogenic strontium isotope data are consistent with residence on the coast or in the Atacama Desert, but are lower than strontium isotope values from higher altitudes. These dietary and geological patterns are reconcilable with coastal residency; the isotopic data are consistent with foodstuffs and textiles found with the burial. Therefore, we argue that this individual was regularly moving from the coast to inland areas, crossing the hyper-arid Atacama Desert by following strategic interzonal routes that provided access to particular resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximation by Γ‐convergence of a curvature‐depending functional in visual reconstruction

where Ω ⊂ R2 is a bounded open set (the image domain), H1 denotes the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure, and g ∈ L∞(Ω) is the input image. The functional has to be minimized over all closed sets C ⊂ Ω and all u ∈ C1(Ω \ C). The function u represents a denoised approximation of the input image g, and C represents the set of boundaries of the segmentation. The Mumford and Shah variational model can be extended to several visual reconstruction problems (see March [29]): computation of depth from stereo images (Shah [39]), computation of optical flow (Nesi [34]), shape from shading (Shah [40]). The existence of minimizers of GMS has been proved independently by Dal Maso, Morel and Solimini [21] and De Giorgi, Carriero and Leaci [23] using the compactness and lower semicontinuity theorems of Ambrosio [3]. Mumford and Shah [33] studied the properties of minimizers (u,C) of GMS assuming that C is a finite union of simple C1,1 curves meeting ∂Ω and meeting each other only at their endpoints. They proved that the vertices of C may only be: (i) triple points where three curves meet with equal angles; (ii) points on the boundary of Ω where one curve meets ∂Ω perpendicularly; (iii) ‘crack-tips’ where a curve ends and meets nothing. In Computer Vision, the constraints imposed on the segmentations highlighted by such results constitute a drawback of the variational model. In particular, corners and T -junctions, which are relevant features for pattern recognition, are distorted. Since the length measure is not sensitive to corners and junctions, to allow for such singularities in the segmentations it is necessary to consider curvature-depending energies. Functionals
The Importance and Seasonal Variation of Terrestrial Invertebrates as Prey for Juvenile Salmonids on the Kol River Floodplain, Kamchatka, Russian Federation

ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures iv Introduction 1 Study Site 3 Methods Fish Diet Analysis 6 Terrestrial Invertebrate Inputs to the Stream 7 Benthic Invertebrates 8 Drifting Invertebrates 8 Invertebrate Association with Riparian Vegetation 9 Sample Analysis 10 Statistical Analysis 11 Results Fish Diet Analysis 11 Terrestrial Invertebrate Inputs to the Stream 16 Benthic Invertebrates 17 Drifting Invertebrates 18 Invertebrate Association with Riparian Vegetation 18 Discussion 20 Conclusion 24 References 25 Appendix A Invertebrate taxa list and presence of terrestrial invertebrates in various sampling methods 29
Heavy metal figurations

Drawing from Eliasian figurational theory and data obtained in Ireland during a 3-year participant observation of both the live and online spaces of the scene, we argue that control, both individual and social, plays a vital part in shaping heavy metal figurations. We focus on the role of the subcultural code in integrating participants into the scene, enabling the enactment of cathartic rituals, and its importance in signifying hierarchy and the distribution of subcultural capital. In particular, we place emphasis on bodily forms of control and emotional self-steering and we consider how the management of aggression in heavy metal subculture is indicative of wider civilizing processes. Such findings are considered within the context of previous consumer culture theory research that has called for studies that incorporate broader socio-historical perspectives.
Preparation of highly efficient manganese catalase mimics.

The series of compounds [Mn(bpia)(mu-OAc)](2)(ClO(4))(2) (1), [Mn(2)(bpia)(2)(muO)(mu-OAc)](ClO(4))(3). CH(3)CN (2), [Mn(bpia)(mu-O)](2)(ClO(4))(2)(PF(6)). 2CH(3)CN (3), [Mn(bpia)(Cl)(2)](ClO)(4) (4), and [(Mn(bpia)(Cl))(2)(mu-O)](ClO(4))(2). 2CH(3)CN (5) (bpia = bis(picolyl)(N-methylimidazol-2-yl)amine) represents a structural, spectroscopic, and functional model system for manganese catalases. Compounds 3 and 5 have been synthesized from 2 via bulk electrolysis and ligand exchange, respectively. All complexes have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies. The different bridging ligands including the rare mono-mu-oxo and mono-mu-oxo-mono-mu-carboxylato motifs lead to a variation of the Mn-Mn separation across the four binuclear compounds of 1.50 A (Mn(2)(II,II) = 4.128 A, Mn(2)(III,III) = 3.5326 and 3.2533 A, Mn(2)(III,IV) = 2.624 A). Complexes 1, 2, and 3 are mimics for the Mn(2)(II,II), the Mn(2)(III,III), and the Mn(2)(III,IV) oxidation states of the native enzyme. UV-vis spectra of these compounds show similarities to those of the corresponding oxidation states of manganese catalase from Thermus thermophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum. Compound 2 exhibits a rare example of a Jahn-Teller compression. While complexes 1 and 3 are efficient catalysts for the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide and contain an N(4)O(2) donor set, 4 and 5 show no catalase activity. These complexes have an N(4)Cl(2) and N(4)OCl donor set, respectively, and serve as mimics for halide inhibited manganese catalases. Cyclovoltammetric data show that the substitution of oxygen donor atoms with chloride causes a shift of redox potentials to more positive values. To our knowledge, complex 1 is the most efficient binuclear functional manganese catalase mimic exhibiting saturation kinetics to date.
Relationships, Layoffs, and Organizational Resilience

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, affected the U.S. airline industry more than almost any other industry. Certain airlines emerged successful and demonstrated remarkable resilience while others languished. This investigation identifies reasons why some airline companies recovered successfully after the attacks while others struggled. Evidence is provided that layoffs after the crisis, although intended to foster recovery, instead inhibited recovery throughout the 4 years after the crisis. But, layoffs after the crisis were strongly correlated with lack of financial reserves and lack of a viable business model prior to the crisis. Digging deeper, the authors find that having a viable business model itself depended on the development and preservation of relational reserves over time. Our model shows that the maintenance of adequate financial reserves enables the preservation of relational reserves and vice versa, contributing to organizational resilience in times of crisis.
Is there an ‘Israeli Diaspora’? Jewish Israelis negotiating national identity between Zionist ideology and diasporic reality

Given the centrality of the ‘Negation of Exile’ in the construction of political Zionist ideology and the continued dominance of this world-view within the Jewish-Israeli imagined community and Israeli public space, the essay discusses the viability of an ‘Israeli–British diaspora’ – an intermediate space which is neither Israeli not British – that potentially troubles Zionist notions on nationality, belonging and Jewishness. The paper draws on interview material of Jewish Israelis who live in Britain, and examines the interplay between hegemonic Zionist discourses of nationality and counter-hegemonic discourses of diaspora, as subjects construct their personal narratives of ‘Israeliness abroad’.
Bridging the gap: needs assessment of science teacher in‐service education in Turkey and the effects of teacher and school demographics

Turkish science teachers' in‐service needs and the effects of teacher and school demographic variables on these needs are examined in this study. In addition, major barriers that prevented science teachers from attending in‐service programmes are investigated. The data for the research were gathered through a survey. This study shows that Turkish science teachers require more instructional materials, laboratory equipment, computers, and software and need in‐service education to integrate these instructional facilities into their lessons. This study also indicates that teacher and school demographic variables have little significance in predicting science teachers' needs.
Thermal Manikin Measurements—Exact or Not?

According to the European prestandard ENV 342:1998 [1], the thermal insulation of cold-protective clothing is measured with a thermal manikin. Systematic studies on the reproducibility of the values, measured with different types of clothing on the commonly used standing and walking manikins, have not been reported in the literature. Over 300 measurements were done in 8 different European laboratories. The reproducibility of the thermal insulation test results was good. The coefficient of variation was lower than 8%. The measured clothing should fit the manikin precisely, because poorly fitting clothing gave an error in the results. The correlation between parallel and serial insulation values was excellent and parallel values were about 20% lower than serial ones. The influence of ambient conditions was critical only in the case of air velocity. The reproducibility of thermal insulation test results in a single laboratory was good, and the variation was lower than 3%.
Dimensions Relating Holland's Vocational Personality Typology and the Five-Factor Model

This study examined the correspondence between two models of personality structure, both of which purport to be comprehensive: Holland's (1992) vocational personality typology and the five-factor model. In this research, 102 female and 91 male college students completed the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1985a) and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985). Results of canonical analyses revealed two dimensions to which SDS and NEO-PI variable sets were related for both females and males; however, the nature of the dimension pairs differed by gender. For females, significant overlap between SDS and NEO-PI domains was represented by a dimension characterized by a Nonpersonal Orientation at one pole and an Interpersonal Orientation at the other pole, and a Closedness-Openness dimension. For males, overlap between the two domains was explained by Closedness-Openness and Introversion-Extraversion dimensions. Results generally were consistent with theoretical definitions of the Big-Five personality dimensions, as well as the trait characterizations of the six Holland types. Results also revealed associations of Prediger's (1982) Data/Ideas and Things/People with the Closedness-Openness and Nonpersonal-Interpersonal dimensions, respectively.
Analysis of information use in agricultural science PhD theses at Central University of Venezuela (1986‐2002)

Purpose – To analyze information use in agricultural science PhD theses submitted between 1986 and 2002 in the Faculty of Agronomy, Central University of Venezuela (UCV). Design/methodology/approach – The source of information was the UCV Faculty of Agronomy, Library's database, “Tesis”. The unidimensional production and use indicators analyzed included: scientific production, reference density, self‐citations, document contemporaneousness and type of documents cited, reference scattering and accessibility of the journals cited.Findings – The analysis of the data obtained from 4,646 bibliographic references in 42 agricultural science PhD theses provides insight into information use in a Venezuelan agricultural science community. The mean number of references per thesis found was 113 ± 21. The number of women earning a PhD in agriculture was observed to grow. The percentage of self‐citations varied widely. The half‐life was 11 years and the Price's Index 22 per cent. According to the distribution by documen.
First Steps Toward Modeling ADHD Under a Dual-Task Paradigm Using a Markovian Framework for Diagnosis

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common cognitive disorder afflicting many children and adults. Since most ADHD diagnostic procedures are based on subjective assessments, the goal of this study was to develop an objective assessment that takes into account performance differences between ADHD and non-ADHD individuals under a dual-task paradigm. Specifically, a model using a Markovian framework was used to determine the probability people with and without ADHD would switch between two tasks. Two studies were used, one to develop the model and one to validate the model. The values from the Ewen et al. (2012) study were used to determine the values of interest: the percentage of time spent on the each task, the probabilities remaining on each task, and the probabilities of switching between tasks. The developed multiplier value equations, which established the predicted values, were validated using the values from the Cepeda et al. (2000) study. The differences between the predicted values were all within 15% of the actual values. Overall, the study provides the initial stepping stone toward developing an objective ADHD diagnostic tool based on dual-task performance.
LAFTER: Lips and Face Real Time Tracker with Facial Expression Recognition

This paper describes an active-camera real-time system for tracking, shape description, and classiication of the human face and mouth expressions using only a PC or equivalent computer. The system is based on use of 2-D blob features, which are spatially-compact clusters of pixels that are similar in terms of low-level image properties. Patterns of behavior (e.g., facial expressions and head movements) can be clas-siied in real-time using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The system has been tested on hundreds of users and has demonstrated extremely reliable and accurate performance. Typical facial expression classiication accuracies are near 100%.
Diffusion approximations for controlled stochastic networks: An asymptotic bound for the value function

We consider the scheduling control problem for a family of unitary networks under heavy traffic, with general interarrival and service times, probabilistic routing and infinite horizon discounted linear holding cost. A natural nonanticipativity condition for admissibility of control policies is introduced. The condition is seen to hold for a broad class of problems. Using this formulation of admissible controls and a time-transformation technique, we establish that the infimum of the cost for the network control problem over all admissible sequencing control policies is asymptotically bounded below by the value function of an associated diffusion control problem (the Brownian control problem). This result provides a useful bound on the best achievable performance for any admissible control policy for a wide class of networks.
The Role of Motivational Systems and Emotions in Virtual Work

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the behavioural activation system (BAS), the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and emotions in virtual work. BIS was found to have significant positive relationships with anger, anxiety, annoyance, nervousness, and distress. There were indications of emotional contagion between research confederates and participants. Self-report skill knowledge and the skill role of the research confederate both had significant relationships with performance. Self-report skill knowledge was fully mediated by the skill role played by the research confederate. Managers of virtual teams need to be aware of individual differences such as motivational systems and how these interact with state emotions and performance.
U.S. Social Structure and Imprisonment

* * * An article by Joubert, Picon and McIntosh (1981) is found to contain several serious methodological flaws. A second analysis using a similar data set suggests that these methodological problems may have caused them to draw erroneous conclusions regarding the effects of social structural variables on prison admission and release rates.