Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Software Project Monitoring with Stakeholders

Recently, software size becomes larger, and consequently, not only a software developer but also a software purchaser suffers considerable losses by software project failure. So avoiding project failure is also important for purchasers. Project monitoring with a purchaser and a developer (stakeholders) is expected for the purchaser to suppress risk of project failure. It is performed by sharing software metrics during the project for the purchaser to grasp the status of the project. Although there are some software measurement models, they cannot describe two kinds of metrics which are used to monitor projects with stakeholders. One metric is to indicate project goal achievement after finishing project. The other one is to measure to progress toward the goal. In addition, the models cannot represent countermeasures when symptoms of project failure are found. We propose the model for project monitoring with stakeholders. The model is based on the measurement information model defined by ISO/IEC 15939, and added stakeholder’s goal, key goal indicator (KGI), key performance indicator (KPI), corrective action, and check timing. With our model, project monitoring with stakeholders can be described more rigorously.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment in South China Sea With Consideration of Uncertain Earthquake Characteristics

In this paper, we have conducted a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) for Hong Kong (China) and Kao Hsiung (Taiwan), considering earthquakes generated in the Manila subduction zone. The new PTHA methodology with the consideration of uncertainties of slip distribution and location of future earthquakes extends the stochastic approach of Sepúlveda et al. (2017). Using sensitivity analyses, we further investigate the uncertainties of probability properties defining the slip distribution, the location, and the occurrence of earthquakes. We demonstrate that Kao Hsiung and Hong Kong would be significantly impacted by tsunamis generated by MW > 8.5 earthquakes in the Manila subduction zone. For instance, a specific MW 9.0 earthquake scenario is capable of producing tsunami amplitudes exceeding 4.0 and 3.5 m in Kao Hsiung and Hong Kong, respectively, with a probability of 50%. Despite the significant tsunami impact, great earthquakes have long mean return periods. As a result, the PTHA shows that Kao Hsiung and Hong Kong are exposed to a relatively small tsunami hazard. For instance, maximum tsunami amplitudes in the assessed locations of Kao Hsiung and Hong Kong exceed 0.32 and 0.18 m, respectively, with a mean return period of 100 years. The inundation hazard in populated areas is small as well, with mean return periods exceeding 1,000 years. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the PTHA can be affected by the uncertainties of the probability properties defining the slip distribution, the location, and the occurrence of earthquakes. However, PTHA results are most sensitive to the choice of the earthquake occurrence model.
Allostasis and allostatic load in the context of poverty in early childhood

Abstract This paper examined the relation of early environmental adversity associated with poverty to child resting or basal level of cortisol in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1135 children seen at 7, 15, 24, 35, and 48 months of age. We found main effects for poor housing quality, African American ethnicity, and low positive caregiving behavior in which each was uniquely associated with an overall higher level of cortisol from age 7 to 48 months. We also found that two aspects of the early environment in the context of poverty, adult exits from the home and perceived economic insufficiency, were related to salivary cortisol in a time-dependent manner. The effect for the first of these, exits from the home, was consistent with the principle of allostatic load in which the effects of adversity on stress physiology accumulate over time. The effect for perceived economic insufficiency was one in which insufficiency was associated with higher levels of cortisol in infancy but with a typical but steeper decline in cortisol with age at subsequent time points.
Online Learning with Switching Costs and Other Adaptive Adversaries

We study the power of different types of adaptive (nonoblivious) adversaries in the setting of prediction with expert advice, under both full-information and bandit feedback. We measure the player's performance using a new notion of regret, also known as policy regret, which better captures the adversary's adaptiveness to the player's behavior. In a setting where losses are allowed to drift, we characterize —in a nearly complete manner— the power of adaptive adversaries with bounded memories and switching costs. In particular, we show that with switching costs, the attainable rate with bandit feedback is Θ(T2/3). Interestingly, this rate is significantly worse than the Θ(√T) rate attainable with switching costs in the full-information case. Via a novel reduction from experts to bandits, we also show that a bounded memory adversary can force ****Θ(T2/3) regret even in the full information case, proving that switching costs are easier to control than bounded memory adversaries. Our lower bounds rely on a new stochastic adversary strategy that generates loss processes with strong dependencies.
Regional Astrocyte Allocation Regulates CNS Synaptogenesis and Repair

Born to Stay Together For as many neurons as there are in the brain, there are many more astrocytes. These backstage workers perform a variety of functions, such as sustaining the blood-brain barrier and providing a stabilized environment for neurons. Diversity of astrocyte function is reflected in different molecular expression profiles. Tsai et al. (p. 358, published online 28 June) selectively labeled astrocytes that originated from different domains of the mouse spinal cord and found that not all astrocytes are created equal: Neighborhoods of astrocytes were defined by shared birthplaces. In the mouse brain, astrocytes are not as interchangeable as previously thought. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for normal neurological function. We show that astrocytes are allocated to spatial domains in mouse spinal cord and brain in accordance with their embryonic sites of origin in the ventricular zone. These domains remain stable throughout life without evidence of secondary tangential migration, even after acute CNS injury. Domain-specific depletion of astrocytes in ventral spinal cord resulted in abnormal motor neuron synaptogenesis, which was not rescued by immigration of astrocytes from adjoining regions. Our findings demonstrate that region-restricted astrocyte allocation is a general CNS phenomenon and reveal intrinsic limitations of the astroglial response to injury.
New frontiers of land control: Introduction

Land questions have invigorated agrarian studies and economic history, with particular emphases on its control, since Marx. Words such as ‘exclusion’, ‘alienation’, ‘expropriation’, ‘dispossession’, and ‘violence’ describe processes that animate land histories and those of resources, property rights, and territories created, extracted, produced, or protected on land. Primitive and on-going forms of accumulation, frontiers, enclosures, territories, grabs, and racializations have all been associated with mechanisms for land control. Agrarian environments have been transformed by processes of de-agrarianization, protected area establishment, urbanization, migration, land reform, resettlement, and repeasantization. Even the classic agrarian question of how agriculture is influenced by capitalism has been reformulated multiple times at transformative conjunctures in the historical trajectories of these processes, reviving and producing new debates around the importance of land control. The authors in this collection focus primarily on new frontiers of land control and their active creation. These frontiers are sites where authorities, sovereignties, rights, and hegemonies of the recent past have been challenged by new enclosures, property regimes, and territorializations, producing new ‘urban-agrarian-natured’ environments, comprised of new labor and production processes; new actors, subjects, and networks connecting them; and new legal and violent means of challenging previous land controls. Some cases augment analytic tools that had seemed to have timeless applicability with new frameworks, concepts, and theoretical tools. What difference does land control make? These contributions to the debates demonstrate that the answers have been shaped by conflicts, contexts, histories, and agency, as land has been struggled over for livelihoods, revenue production, and power.
Simultaneous assessment of blood coagulation and hematocrit levels in dielectric blood coagulometry

Background: In a whole blood coagulation test, the concentration of any in vitro diagnostic agent in plasma is dependent on the hematocrit level but its impact on the test result is unknown. Objective: The aim of this work was to clarify the effects of reagent concentration, particularly Ca2+, and to find a method for hematocrit estimation compatible with the coagulation test. Methods: Whole blood coagulation tests by dielectric blood coagulometry (DBCM) and rotational thromboelastometry were performed with various concentrations of Ca2+ or on samples with different hematocrit levels. DBCM data from a previous clinical study of patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were re-analyzed. Results: Clear Ca2+ concentration and hematocrit level dependences of the characteristic times of blood coagulation were observed. Rouleau formation made hematocrit estimation difficult in DBCM, but use of permittivity at around 3 MHz made it possible. The re-analyzed clinical data showed a good correlation between permittivity at 3 MHz and hematocrit level (R2=0.83). Conclusions: Changes in the hematocrit level may affect whole blood coagulation tests. DBCM has the potential to overcome this effect with some automated correction using results from simultaneous evaluations of the hematocrit level and blood coagulability.
Dielectric Loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) ${H}$-Plane Horn Antennas

A dielectric loaded substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane sectoral horn antenna has been proposed in this paper. The horn and the loaded dielectric are integrated by using the same single substrate resulting in easy fabrication and low cost. Two antennas with rectangular and elliptical shaped loaded dielectrics were designed and fabricated. These antennas have high gain and narrow beamwidths both in the E-plane and in the H-plane. The results from the simulation and those from the measurement are in good agreement. To demonstrate applications of the array, the small aperture elliptical dielectric loaded antenna has been used to form an array to obtain higher gain and to form a one-dimensional monopulse antenna array.
Signaling, solidarity, and the sacred: The evolution of religious behavior

Anthropologists have repeatedly noted that there has been little theoretical progress in the anthropology of religion over the past fifty years.1–7 By the 1960s, Geertz2 had pronounced the field dead. Recently, however, evolutionary researchers have turned their attention toward understanding the selective pressures that have shaped the human capacity for religious thoughts and behaviors, and appear to be resurrecting this long‐dormant but important area of research.8–19 This work, which focuses on ultimate evolutionary explanations, is being complemented by advances in neuropsychology and a growing interest among neuroscientists in how ritual, trance, meditation, and other altered states affect brain functioning and development.20–26 This latter research is providing critical insights into the evolution of the proximate mechanisms responsible for religious behavior. Here we review these literatures and examine both the proximate mechanisms and ultimate evolutionary processes essential for developing a comprehensive evolutionary explanation of religion.
Molecular Mechanism of Antiproliferation Potential of Acacia Honey on NCI-H460 Cell Line

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. We investigated the molecular mechanism of antiproliferation potential of Acacia honey on NCI-H460 cells by cell cycle, viability, cytokines, calcium ion and gene expression analysis. Acacia honey inhibited cells proliferation, arrested G0/G1 phase, stimulated cytokines, calcium ion release as well as suppressed p53 and Bcl-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. We proposed that the molecular mechanism of the antiproliferation potential of Acacia honey on NCI-H460 cell line is due to cell cycle arrest, stimulation of cytokines and calcium ion as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 and p53 genes.
Practical defenses against pollution attacks in intra-flow network coding for wireless mesh networks

Recent studies show that network coding can provide significant benefits to network protocols, such as increased throughput, reduced network congestion, higher reliability, and lower power consumption. The core principle of network coding is that intermediate nodes actively mix input packets to produce output packets. This mixing subjects network coding systems to a severe security threat, known as a \emph{pollution attack}, where attacker nodes inject corrupted packets into the network. Corrupted packets propagate in an epidemic manner, depleting network resources and significantly decreasing throughput. Pollution attacks are particularly dangerous in wireless networks, where attackers can easily inject packets or compromise devices due to the increased network vulnerability. In this paper, we address pollution attacks against network coding systems in wireless mesh networks. We demonstrate that previous solutions to the problem are impractical in wireless networks, incurring an unacceptably high degradation of throughput. We propose a lightweight scheme, DART, that uses time-based authentication in combination with random linear transformations to defend against pollution attacks. We further improve system performance and propose EDART, which enhances DART with an optimistic forwarding scheme. A detailed security analysis shows that the probability of a polluted packet passing our verification procedure is very low. Performance results using the well-known MORE protocol and realistic link quality measurements from the Roofnet experimental testbed show that our schemes improve system performance over 20 times compared to previous solutions.
3D Visual Speech Animation from Image Sequences

In this paper we describe an early version of our system which synthesizes 3D visual speech including tongue and teeth from frontal facial image sequences. This system is developed for 3D Visual Speech Animation (VSA) using images generated by an existing state-of-the-art image-based VSA system. In fact, the prime motivation for this system is to have a 3D VSA system from limited amount of training data when compared to that required for developing a conventional corpus based 3D VSA system. It consists of two modules. The first module iteratively estimates the 3D shape of the external facial surface for each image in the input sequence. The second module complements the external face with 3D tongue and teeth to complete the perceptually crucial visual speech information. This has the added advantages of 3D visual speech, which are renderability of the face in different poses and illumination conditions and, enhanced visual information of tongue and teeth. The first module for 3D shape estimation is based on the detection of facial landmarks in images. It uses a prior 3D Morphable Model (3D-MM) trained using 3D facial data. For the time being it is developed for a person-specific domain, i.e., the 3D-MM and the 2D facial landmark detector are trained using the data of a single person and tested with the same person-specific data. The estimated 3D shape sequences are provided as input to the second module along with the phonetic segmentation. For any particular 3D shape, tongue and teeth information is generated by rotating the lower jaw based on few skin points on the jaw and animating a rigid 3D tongue through keyframe interpolation.
Household Food Security among Different Wealth Groups within Uyo Metropolis in Southern Nigeria

Studies done in various states in Nigeria have shown alarming rates of food insecurity among the population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity among different wealth groups in Uyo metropolis, in southern Nigeria and to determine compensatory feeding patterns engaged in by studied food insecure households. This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among 249 households of different wealth groups based on the occupational status and educational attainment of the household heads. Data was collected using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20 with a 0.05 level of significance. The prevalence of food insecurity among surveyed households was 89.9% with food insecure 26.5% (without hunger), 30.5% (moderate hunger) and 32.9% (severe hunger). Marital status, socioeconomic class, household size and household income all had statistically significant relationships with food security status (p7 suffered food insecurity with severe hunger. Regarding household income, 48.9% of households with income less than 50,000 naira per month, were food insecure with severe hunger (p<0.05). Coping strategies engaged in by food insecure households included borrowing money from friends, 33.7%, collecting food from friends 26.1% and sending children to work, 8.8%. There was high prevalence of food insecurity among studied households. It is recommended that better educational opportunities be made available to those of the low socioeconomic class, so as to ensure gainful employment. Minimum wage in Nigeria should be increased to ensure increased household income.
Current Status and Scope of Lymph Node Micrometastasis in Gastric Cancer

Recently, lymph node micrometastasis has been evaluated for its prognostic value in gastric cancer. Lymph node micrometastasis cannot be detected via a usual pathologic examination, but it can be detected by using some other techniques including immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. With the development of such diagnostic techniques, the detection rate of lymph node micrometastasis is constantly increasing. Although the prognostic value of lymph node micrometastasis remains debatable, its clinical impact is apparently remarkable in both early and advanced gastric cancer. At present, studies on the prognostic value of lymph node micrometastasis are evolving to overcome its current limitations and extend the scope of its application.
Triggering of Transmural Infarctions, but Not Nontransmural Infarctions, by Ambient Fine Particles

Background Previous studies have reported increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) after increases in ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution concentrations in the hours and days before MI onset. Objectives We hypothesized that acute increases in fine PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) may be associated with increased risk of MI and that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes may increase susceptibility to PM2.5. We also explored whether both transmural and nontransmural infarctions were acutely associated with ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Methods We studied all hospital admissions from 2004 through 2006 for first acute MI of adult residents of New Jersey who lived within 10 km of a PM2.5 monitoring site (n = 5,864), as well as ambient measurements of PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. Results Using a time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression showed that each interquartile-range increase in PM2.5 concentration (10.8 μg/m3) in the 24 hr before arriving at the emergency department for MI was not associated with an increased risk of MI overall but was associated with an increased risk of a transmural infarction. We found no association between the same increase in PM2.5 and risk of a nontransmural infarction. Further, subjects with COPD appeared to be particularly susceptible, but those with diabetes were not. Conclusions This PM–transmural infarction association is consistent with earlier studies of PM and MI. The lack of association with nontransmural infarction suggests that future studies that investigate the triggering of MI by ambient PM2.5 concentrations should be stratified by infarction type.
Self-conceptualisation in autism

This study aimed to extend Lee and Hobson’s (1998) findings regarding self-conceptualisation in autism by using a more verbally able sample. The study also investigated the ability to conceptualise self through other. Sixteen typically developing and sixteen adolescents with ASD matched for chronological and verbal mental age were administered a modified version of Damon and Hart’s (1988) self-as-subject interview, which also required participants to conceptualise themselves from another’s perspective. Self-conceptualisation ability was similar between groups across the categories of distinctiveness and continuity, but reduced in the ASD group under the category of agency. Participants with ASD were, however, less able to conceptualise themselves from another’s perspective. These results are discussed in relation to second-person processes and narrative abilities.
The differences between two selected intensive care units located in central and northern Europe - preliminary observation.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in the functioning of two selected intensive care units in Poland and Finland. The activity of the units was analysed over a period of one year. METHODS The following parameters were compared: demography of treated populations, site of admission, category of illness, severity of illness (APACHE-II scale), mean length of stay, demanded workload (TISS-28 scale), mortality (both ICU and hospital) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR). RESULTS The results of this study indicated that most of the patients in the Polish ICU, regardless of age, diagnosis and APACHE II score, presented significantly longer lengths of stay (14.65 ± 13.6 vs 4.1 ± 4.7 days, P = 0.0001), higher mean TISS-28 score (38.9 ± 9.1 vs 31.2 ± 6.1, P = 0.0001) and higher ICU and hospital mortality (41.5% vs 10.2% and 44.7% vs 21.8%, respectively, P = 0.0001). The values of SMR were 0.9 and 0.85 for the Finnish and Polish ICUs, respectively. CONCLUSION The collected data indicate huge differences in the utilisation of critical care resources. Treatment in Polish ICU is concentrated on much more severely ill patients which might be sometimes accompanied by futility of care. In order to verify and correctly interpret the presented phenomena, further studies are needed.