Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Update on Psychotic Depression

There has been a debate since the 1980’s whether delusional depression or psychotic depression is a distinct psychiatric disorder. (Glassman & Roose, 1981) Currently, DSM-IVTR classifies psychotic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder as a severity specifier. However, researchers in the area of major depressive disorder, with psychotic features (PMD) believe that PMD is a distinct disorder based on not only the phenomenological presentation, but family studies, course of illness, biological findings, and treatment as well. This lack of recognition of PMD as being a distinct disorder has contributed to the limited amount of research funding for this disorder in spite of a prevalence in the general population of 0.4-0.6%. (Johnson et al., 1991; Ohayon and Schatzberg, 2002) This chapter will provide an update on studies that support PMD as being a distinct psychiatric disorder.
Testing the weathering hypothesis among Mexican-origin women.

OBJECTIVE To examine the "weathering hypothesis," as proposed by Geronimus (1986; 1987; 1992; 1996), among US-born and foreign-born Mexican-origin women. This hypothesis specifically argues that the relationship between age and a variety of reproductively related heath outcomes varies by socioeconomic and environmental context. METHODS 1989-1991 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) linked birth-death files. These files include all women who experienced a live birth in the United States and whose infants were issued a birth certificate during the years 1989 to 1991 (NCHS 1995). Age and nativity specific distributions on infant mortality, low birth weight, anemia, pregnancy related hypertension, and smoking were estimated for Mexican-origin women. RESULTS For the foreign-born, levels of neonatal mortality are highest for younger women and tend to increase again in women at the oldest ages. For the US born, the lowest levels are for women aged 17 and 18 years, and 27-29 years. Levels for women aged 19-24 years and 30-34 years are higher than those for 17-and 18-year-olds. For both groups of women, giving birth to infants with low birth weight is most common at the earlier ages, declining more or less until the mid twenties when the rate begins to rise again slowly. Patterns for the maternal health indicators vary, with pregnancy related hypertension most strongly following the pattern suggested by weathering. CONCLUSION Overall, this analysis suggests that there is evidence of weathering within the Mexican-origin population, particularly for the US-born population, and this is most clearly seen in levels of neonatal mortality and pregnancy related hypertension.
Severity Assessment of ERP-Organization Misalignment: Honing in on Ontological Structure and Context Specificity

It has been estimated that at least half of all ERP (enterprise resource planning packages) implementations fail to meet expectations or achieve estimated benefits. In many cases, the misalignments between ERP features and organizational requirements have resulted in costly workarounds. In extreme cases, such misalignments have even contributed to project abandonment and organizational failure. One question that arises is why such severe misalignments have not been surfaced and recognized by organizations. Specifically, this paper proposes a framework that seeks to assess the severity of misalignment by critically examining the seductive universal best practices embedded in ERP. The framework is grounded theoretically on key ontological and context specificity concepts. We illustrate the framework by applying it to several hundred instances of misfits that we collected from multiple ERP implementations. We use the results of the analysis to shed light on the functionality “black box” of ERP misalignment.
Dynamic information routing in complex networks

Flexible information routing fundamentally underlies the function of many biological and artificial networks. Yet, how such systems may specifically communicate and dynamically route information is not well understood. Here we identify a generic mechanism to route information on top of collective dynamical reference states in complex networks. Switching between collective dynamics induces flexible reorganization of information sharing and routing patterns, as quantified by delayed mutual information and transfer entropy measures between activities of a network’s units. We demonstrate the power of this mechanism specifically for oscillatory dynamics and analyse how individual unit properties, the network topology and external inputs co-act to systematically organize information routing. For multi-scale, modular architectures, we resolve routing patterns at all levels. Interestingly, local interventions within one sub-network may remotely determine nonlocal network-wide communication. These results help understanding and designing information routing patterns across systems where collective dynamics co-occurs with a communication function. Flexible information routing underlies the function of many biological and artificial networks. Here, the authors present a theoretical framework that shows how information can be flexibly routed across networks using collective reference dynamics and how local changes may induce remote rerouting.
Evaluating Translational Correspondence using Annotation Projection

Recently, statistical machine translation models have begun to take advantage of higher level linguistic structures such as syntactic dependencies. Underlying these models is an assumption about the directness of translational correspondence between sentences in the two languages; however, the extent to which this assumption is valid and useful is not well understood. In this paper, we present an empirical study that quantifies the degree to which syntactic dependencies are preserved when parses are projected directly from English to Chinese. Our results show that although the direct correspondence assumption is often too restrictive, a small set of principled, elementary linguistic transformations can boost the quality of the projected Chinese parses by 76% relative to the unimproved baseline.
Bilingual versus Monolingual Learners’ Reading Comprehension Ability Regarding their Interest in Reading Comprehension Topics

This study investigated whether there are any significant differences between male and female learners in reading comprehension ability by regarding their interest to different topics regarding the subjects’ linguality. To meet the mentioned aims, 193 EFL monolingual and bilingual learners from Markazi province were invited to participate in this study. Data analysis through utilization of ANOVA and t-test indicated the following results: 1. All subjects performed equally in comprehending male and female-based texts. 2. Male learners’ scores in male-based texts outperformed the females scores. 3. Female learners’ scores in female-based texts outperformed the males scores. 4. Bilingual female learners’ scores in female-based texts outperformed the monolingual females’ scores.
Enhanced PUMA for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation and Its Performance Analysis

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is a problem of significance in many applications. In practice, due to the occurrence of coherent signals and/or when the number of available snapshots is small, it is a challenge to find DOAs accurately. This problem is revisited here through a new enhanced principal-singular-vector utilization for modal analysis (EPUMA) DOA estimation approach, which improves the threshold performance by first generating (P+K) DOA candidates for K sources where P ≥ K, and then judiciously selecting K of them. The asymptotic variance of EPUMA is theoretically derived, and numerical results are provided to validate the asymptotic analysis and illustrate the practical merits of EPUMA.
Ions, equations and electrons: the evolving role of computer simulations in cardiac electrophysiology safety evaluations

Reliable preclinical cardiac safety evaluations of drug candidates are essential for selecting the best therapeutic agents. Advanced automated patch clamp technologies now allow for characterizing drug effects on multiple cardiac currents, enabling subsequent simulations of integrated electrophysiological responses on cellular, tissue and organ levels. In this issue, Mirams et al. summarize the strengths and limitations of models and simulations predicting drug‐induced electrophysiological responses, emphasizing delayed repolarization and Torsades de Pointes pro‐arrhythmia. The utility of computational approaches is contingent upon realistic models of ventricular electrophysiology, robust characterization of drug‐channel interactions and an understanding of channel‐myocyte interactions and pro‐arrhythmic mechanisms. Simulations evaluating effects on repolarization (hazard identification) should aid in selecting safer drug candidates early in drug discovery, while simulations evaluating risk of Torsades de Pointes (incorporating known risk factors) should quantify pro‐arrhythmic risk and reduce the need for costly clinical QT studies later in development. The wider adoption of realistic models and simulation studies will depend on simulation performance compared with ‘gold standard’ clinical findings.
Caloric and nutrient intake in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with extended-release methylphenidate: analysis of a cross-sectional nutrition survey

Objectives To study calorie and nutrients intake in a group of patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under treatment with extended-release methylphenidate (MPH-ER), and to analyse the need to design nutrition intervention strategies. Design Observational (case-control). Setting Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain. Participants A total of 100 patients diagnosed with ADHD under treatment with MPH-ER and 100 healthy children (control group). Main outcome measures A nutrition survey was carried out (food intake registration of 3 consecutive school days). Calorie and nutrient intake, as well as nutrition status, were evaluated and compared in both groups. Results Nutritional status in ADHD group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in control group. Calorie intake in mid-morning snack, lunch and afternoon snack was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group. Calorie intake in supper was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the ADHD group. There were no significant differences in breakfast. Total calorie intake, as well as protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibre, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, selenium and phosphorous, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6 and folate intake, in control group was significantly higher than in ADHD group. Conclusions The daily calorie and nutrients intake in patients under treatment with MPH-ER is, generally, lower than in healthy population of similar age. The need to impart programmes of nutrition education simultaneously with multimodal treatment in order to avoid the nutrition consequences of treatment with MPH should be considered.
PTEN Loss Is Associated with Worse Outcome in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer Patients but Is Not Associated with Trastuzumab Resistance

Purpose: To investigate the clinical relevance of PTEN in HER2-amplified and HER2-nonamplified disease. Experimental Design: We assessed PTEN status in two large adjuvant breast cancer trials (BCIRG-006 and BCIRG-005) using a PTEN immunohistochemical (IHC) assay that was previously validated in a panel of 33 breast cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissues with known PTEN gene deletion. Results: In the HER2-positive patient population, absence of tumor cell PTEN staining occurred at a rate of 5.4% and was independent of ER/PR status. In contrast, 15.9% of HER2-negative patients exhibited absence of PTEN staining with the highest frequency seen in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subgroup versus ER/PR-positive patients (35.1% vs. 10.9%). Complete absence of PTEN staining in tumor cells was associated with poor clinical outcome in HER2-positive disease. Those patients whose cancers demonstrated absent PTEN staining had a significant decrease in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with patients with tumors exhibiting any PTEN staining patterns (low, moderate, or high). Trastuzumab appeared to provide clinical benefit even for patients lacking PTEN staining. In the HER2-negative population, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical outcome based on PTEN status. Conclusions: This study is the largest to date examining PTEN status in breast cancer and the data suggest that the rate and significance of PTEN status differ between HER2-positive and HER2-negative disease. Furthermore, the data clearly suggest that HER2-positive patients with PTEN loss still benefit from trastuzumab. Clin Cancer Res; 21(9); 2065–74. ©2015 AACR.
Is early adoption good-enough? a phenomenological exploration of adoption and attachment

Research has found that adoptees face the developmental task of incorporating their unique history and perceptions of the adoptive experience into their identities as they grow into adulthood (Singer & Krebs, 2008). Understanding the adoptive experience can assist psychotherapists and other health care professionals in working with adoptees and their families. Important issues to understand include the impact of age and pre-adoptive experience, the relationships within the family of adoption, feelings or experiences concerning re-uniting with family of origin, and the challenges of attachment. Despite the vast number of families affected by adoption important research in the area is lacking. Furthermore, research on adoption commonly fails to allow the members of the adoption process to share their experiences without the researchers‟ preconceived ideas and biases (Baltimore & Crase, 2009). This study will closely examine attachment theory and research, and literature and research concerning adoption. Concentration is given to Winnicott‟s theories of adoption and attachment. The research method employed was qualitative semi-structured interviews, and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was utilized to analyse the data. In this way the research is concerned with giving adoptees the opportunity to present their own stories. The research concludes that early can be adoption is „good-enough‟, and interesting findings regarding the participant‟s adoption experiences come to light. These include the influence of the age of adoption, the relationship with adoptive families, the role of fantasy, the relationship with the biological family, the importance of achievement in the adoptee‟s lives and the need for therapy and support. A thing which has not yet been understood Inevitably reappears; like an unlain ghost, It cannot rest until the mystery has been Resolved and the spell broken. (Freud, S (1909) as cited in Bowlby, 2007, p. 156).
Predictors of Navy attrition. I. Analysis of 1-year attrition.

First-term attrition, defined as failing to complete the contracted first enlistment term, is one of the most serious and costly problems faced by the U.S. Navy. This study was an investigation of 1-year Navy attrition in relation to demographic factors and variables assessed by the Sailors' Health Inventory Program (SHIP) questionnaire, a medical and psychosocial history questionnaire completed by all Navy recruits. Overall attrition, as well as specific categories of attrition (e.g., medical, behavioral, and administrative), were studied. The sample consisted of 66,690 Navy recruits whose status (retention vs. attrition) could be tracked to the 1-year mark. The strongest predictors of overall attrition were educational level, self-reported history of shortness of breath, ever being suspended or expelled from school, history of depression/excessive worry, fainting or dizziness, and recurrent back pain. Many other medical and psychosocial items from SHIP were also predictive of attrition. Similar factors were associated with different categories of attrition (e.g., medical, behavioral). The implications of these findings for attrition reduction strategies are discussed.
Coping and distress among women under treatment for early stage breast cancer: comparing african americans, hispanics and non‐hispanic whites

This study examined coping and distress in African American (n=8), Hispanic (n=53), and non‐Hispanic White (n=70) women with early stage breast cancer. The participants were studied prospectively across a year beginning at the time of surgery. African American women reported the lowest levels of distress (particularly before surgery) and depression symptoms. Hispanic women reported the highest levels of self‐distraction as a coping response, non‐Hispanic Whites reported the highest use of humor. Hispanics reported the highest levels of venting, African Americans reported the lowest levels. African American and Hispanic women reported more religious coping than non‐Hispanic Whites. The data also provided evidence of a maladaptive spiral of distress and avoidant coping over time. Although some ethnic differences were identified, findings also point to a great many similarities across groups. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining stimulus direction and waveform for optimization of threshold stimulation of isolated ventricular myocytes

Electric field stimulation is widely used for heart pacing and arrhythmia reversion. In this study, we analysed the influence of waveform and direction of external stimulating electric field on the excitation threshold of isolated ventricular myocytes. The threshold field (ET) was lower when the field was applied longitudinally (ET,L) rather than transversally (ET,T) to the cell major axis. Rheobase was greater for transversal stimulation, but chronaxie and estimated membrane polarization were similar for both directions. The calculated maximal variation in membrane potential at the threshold (ΔVT ∼ 15 mV) was insensitive to field direction. As ΔVT values were similar, we assumed that the ET,T/ET,L ratio might be described solely as the ratio of the major and minor cell semi-axes. Accordingly, the ratio thus estimated was comparable to that determined experimentally. Stimulus waveform significantly affected both ET and ΔVT, which were greater for monophasic versus biphasic stimuli. Direction and waveform effects were independent. We conclude that (a) direction affects ET by its influence on the ability of a given field intensity to cause threshold membrane polarization and (b) threshold-lowering effects of longitudinal stimulation and biphasic waveforms apparently depend on different mechanisms, are additive and thus may be combined to decrease the energy requirement for myocardial stimulation.
Normality and Pathology in Childhood: Assessments of Development

Anna Freud's book deals with a most neglected aspect of psychoanalysis - normality. Its chief concern is with the ordinary problems of upbringing which face all parents and the usual phenomena encountered by every clinician. Yet, though primarily practical and clinical in its approach, it also makes a major theoretical contribution to psychology.The author begins with an account of the development of analytic child psychology, its techniques and its sources in child and adult analysis and direct observation of the child. She then describes the course of normal development, how it can be hindered or eased, what are the unavoidable stresses and strains and how variations of normality occur. She outlines a scheme for assessing normality and for gauging and classifying pathological phenomena in terms of the obstruction of normal progress rather than the severity of symptoms. Stress is laid on the problem of predicting the outcome of infantile factors for adult pathology in the face of the child's continual development. Finally, child analysis is considered both as a therapeutic method and as a means for the advance of knowledge.Anna Freud was outstanding for the close and systematic organization of her material and for the readability, clarity and economy of her writing. As might be expected from one of the most eminent psychoanalysts of her day, her book is a work of major importance.
A study of the associations between childhood obesity and three forms of social capital

A STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND THREE FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL by CYNTHIA BALA-BRUSILOW May 2010 Advisor: Dr. Janet Hankin Major: Sociology (Medical Sociology) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The purpose of the study was to expand the understanding of childhood obesity i n American children by examining the associations between obesity i n children and measures of social capital. Persons between 2 and 20 years of age are categorized as “obese” if their BMI is in 95 percentile or above for their age and sex using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI-for-age growth charts. Obesity prevalence has more than quadrupled in the last 40 years in the United States for children. The prevalence rate is 17.0% for children ages 6-11 years. Social capital, in the study of health, can be defined as resources accrued and/or accessed from social relationships/social bonds at multiple levels including the indi vidual, family, neighborhood, community or nation. The research quantitatively analyzed th e associations between the likelihood of childhood obesity and BMI with per sonal social capital, family social capital and neighborhood social capital.
On Estimation Algorithms vs Approximation Algorithms

In a combinatorial optimization problem, when given an input instance, one seeks a feasible solution that optimizes the value of the objective function. Many combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard. A way of coping with NP-hardness is by considering approximation algorithms. These algorithms run in polynomial time, and their performance is measured by their approximation ratio: the worst case ratio between the value of the solution produced and the value of the (unknown) optimal solution. In some cases the design of approximation algorithms includes a nonconstructive component. As a result, the algorithms become estimation algorithms rather than approximation algorithms: they allow one to estimate the value of the optimal solution, without actually producing a solution whose value is close to optimal. We shall present a few such examples, and discuss some open questions.
Oscillatory modes in an enclosed swirling flow

The flow in a completely filled cylinder driven by a rotating endwall has multiple time-dependent stable states when the endwall rotation exceeds a critical value. These states have been observed experimentally and computed numerically elsewhere. In this article, the linear stability of the basic state, which is a non-trivial axisymmetric flow, is analysed at parameter values where the unsteady solutions exist. We show that the basic state undergoes a succession of Hopf bifurcations and the corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these excited modes describe most of the characteristics of the observed time-dependent states.