Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometry, amount, and sequence of thrusting in the Subalpine Molasse of western Austria and southern Germany, European Alps

In this paper we review the structure of the most external thrust belt of the Alps between the Rhein valley and Salzburg based on a new tectonic map and the (re)interpretation of seismic sections. Specifically we address the correlation between deformation in the Subalpine Molasse and the Alpine thrust belt in general and focus on the control of sedimentary facies on the structural style. A dramatic change in architecture from a ramp‐flat structure to buckle folding is related to a change from coarse‐grained fans to fine‐grained deposits within the Subalpine Molasse. Additionally the interaction of escape tectonics with postcollisional shortening controls the decrease of late Early Miocene and younger shortening within the Subalpine Molasse from 50 km near the Rhine valley to almost zero near Salzburg. Transfer of shortening into the hinterland, which is the zone of lateral escape, ended foreland propagation of the Alpine thrusts and initiated a general break‐back sequence of thrusting. Throughout this time the thrusts remained active. In such a scenario, tectonic units on top of the Subalpine Molasse are expected to undergo clockwise rotation around vertical axes. As thrusting in the Subalpine Molasse is closely related to contemporaneous transport and shortening within the tectonically higher Helvetic thrust sheets, amounts of Miocene differential shortening and related clockwise vertical axis rotation are minimum amounts. True clockwise vertical axis rotation is probably larger than the 12° deduced from the Subalpine Molasse thrust belt.
Characterizing the capacity region in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks

Next generation fixed wireless broadband networks are being increasingly deployed as mesh networks in order to provide and extend access to the internet. These networks are characterized by the use of multiple orthogonal channels and nodes with the ability to simultaneously communicate with many neighbors using multiple radios (interfaces) over orthogonal channels. Networks based on the IEEE 802.11a/b/g and 802.16 standards are examples of these systems. However, due to the limited number of available orthogonal channels, interference is still a factor in such networks. In this paper, we propose a network model that captures the key practical aspects of such systems and characterize the constraints binding their behavior. We provide necessary conditions to verify the feasibility of rate vectors in these networks, and use them to derive upper bounds on the capacity in terms of achievable throughput, using a fast primal-dual algorithm. We then develop two link channel assignment schemes, one static and the other dynamic, in order to derive lower bounds on the achievable throughput. We demonstrate through simulations that the dynamic link channel assignment scheme performs close to optimal on the average, while the static link channel assignment algorithm also performs very well. The methods proposed in this paper can be a valuable tool for network designers in planning network deployment and for optimizing different performance objectives.
The Potentiation of Estrogen on Insulin-like Growth Factor I Action in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Includes Cell Cycle Components*

To gain insight into the mechanisms involved in the cross-talk between IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and estrogen receptor signaling pathways, we used MCF-7-derived cells (SX13), which exhibit a 50% reduction in IGF-1R expression. Growth of NEO cells (control MCF-7 cells) was stimulated by both IGF-1 and estradiol (E2), and the addition of both mitogens resulted in a synergistic response. Estrogen enhanced IGF-1R signaling in NEO cells, but this effect was markedly diminished in SX13 cells. Estrogen was also able to potentiate the IGF-1 effect on the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and on the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein in control but not in SX13 cells. IGF-1 increased the protein level of p21 and the luciferase activity of the p21 promoter, whereas it only reduced the protein level of p27 without affecting p27 promoter activity. Estrogen did not affect the p21 inhibitor, but it decreased the protein level of p27 and the p27 promoter luciferase activity. These effects of both mitogens were also observed at the level of association of both cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with CDK2 suggesting that IGF-1 and E2 affect the activity of both p21 and p27. Taken together, these data suggest that in MCF-7 cells, estrogen potentiates the IGF-1 effect on IGF-1R signaling as well as on the cell cycle components. Moreover, IGF-1 and E2 regulate the expression of p21 and p27 and their association with CDK2 differently.
Combining Convergence and Diversity in Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization

Over the past few years, the research on evolutionary algorithms has demonstrated their niche in solving multiobjective optimization problems, where the goal is to find a number of Pareto-optimal solutions in a single simulation run. Many studies have depicted different ways evolutionary algorithms can progress towards the Pareto-optimal set with a widely spread distribution of solutions. However, none of the multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) has a proof of convergence to the true Pareto-optimal solutions with a wide diversity among the solutions. In this paper, we discuss why a number of earlier MOEAs do not have such properties. Based on the concept of -dominance, new archiving strategies are proposed that overcome this fundamental problem and provably lead to MOEAs that have both the desired convergence and distribution properties. A number of modifications to the baseline algorithm are also suggested. The concept of -dominance introduced in this paper is practical and should make the proposed algorithms useful to researchers and practitioners alike.
Spectrum Coordination in Energy-Efficient Cognitive Radio Networks

Device coordination in open spectrum systems is a challenging problem, particularly since users experience varying spectrum availability over time and in different locations. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic approach that allows cognitive radio (CR) pairs, namely the primary user (PU) and the secondary user (SU), to update their transmission power and frequencies simultaneously. Specifically, we address a Stackelberg game model in which individual users attempt to hierarchically access to the wireless spectrum while maximizing their energy efficiency. A thorough analysis of the existence, uniqueness, and characterization of the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) is conducted. In particular, we show that a spectrum coordination naturally occurs when both actors in the system decide sequentially about their power and their transmitting carriers. As a result, spectrum sensing in such a situation turns out to be a simple detection of the presence/absence of a transmission on each subband. We also show that when users experience very different channel gains on their two carriers, they may choose to transmit on the same carrier at the SE as this contributes enough energy efficiency to outweigh the interference degradation caused by the mutual transmission. Then, we provide an algorithmic analysis on how the PU and the SU can reach such a spectrum coordination using an appropriate learning process. We validate our results through extensive simulations and compare the proposed algorithm to some typical scenarios, including the non-cooperative case in the work of Meshkati et al. and the throughput-based-utility systems. Typically, it is shown that the proposed Stackelberg decision approach optimizes the energy efficiency while still maximizing the throughput at the equilibrium.
Global Transcriptional Analysis Reveals the Complex Relationship between Tea Quality, Leaf Senescence and the Responses to Cold-Drought Combined Stress in Camellia sinensis

In field conditions, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, tea plants are often simultaneously exposed to various abiotic stresses such as cold and drought, which have profound effects on leaf senescence process and tea quality. However, most studies of gene expression in stress responses focus on a single inciting agent, and the confounding effect of multiple stresses on crop quality and leaf senescence remain unearthed. Here, global transcriptome profiles of tea leaves under separately cold and drought stress were compared with their combination using RNA-Seq technology. This revealed that tea plants shared a large overlap in unigenes displayed “similar” (26%) expression pattern and avoid antagonistic responses (lowest level of “prioritized” mode: 0%) to exhibit very congruent responses to co-occurring cold and drought stress; 31.5% differential expressed genes and 38% of the transcriptome changes in response to combined stresses were unpredictable from cold or drought single-case studies. We also identified 319 candidate genes for enhancing plant resistance to combined stress. We then investigated the combined effect of cold and drought on tea quality and leaf senescence. Our results showed that drought-induced leaf senescence were severely delayed by (i) modulation of a number of senescence-associated genes and cold responsive genes, (ii) enhancement of antioxidant capacity, (iii) attenuation of lipid degradation, (iv) maintenance of cell wall and photosynthetic system, (v) alteration of senescence-induced sugar effect/sensitivity, as well as (vi) regulation of secondary metabolism pathways that significantly influence the quality of tea during combined stress. Therefore, care should be taken when utilizing a set of stresses to try and maximize leaf longevity and tea quality.
Haemostatic alterations induced by treatment with asparaginases and clinical consequences

Summary The benefit of asparaginase for treating acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) has been well established. Native asparaginase derives from Escherichia coli (colaspase) or Erwinia chrysanthemi (crisantaspase); in a third preparation, colaspase is pegylated. Depletion of asparagine leads to decreased synthesis of procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic proteins, with resultant hypercoagulability and greater risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Colaspase and crisantaspase are not dose-equivalent, with crisantaspase displaying haemostatic toxicity only at dosages much higher and administered more frequently than those of colaspase. Cerebral venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are two life-endangering manifestations that occur during treatment with asparaginase particularly in children and in adults with ALL, respectively. Approximately one-third of VTEs are located in the upper extremities and are central venous line-related. Other risk factors are longer duration of asparaginase treatment and concomitant use of prednisone, anthracyclines, and oral contraceptives. The risk associated with inherited thrombophilia is uncertain but is clearly enhanced by other risk factors or by the use of prednisone. VTE prevention with fresh frozen plasma is not recommended; the efficacy of antithrombin (AT) concentrates has occasionally been reported, but these reports should be confirmed by proper studies, and AT should not be routinely employed. Therapeutic or prophylactic heparin doses are only partially effective, and direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors could play significant roles in the near future.
Distribution of Gephyrin Transcripts in the Adult and Developing Rat Brain

The peripheral membrane protein gephyrin copurifies with the inhibitory glycine receptor of mammalian spinal cord. It binds with high affinity to polymerized tubulin and has been implicated in the anchoring of the glycine receptor to cytoskeletal elements. Recently, cDNA cloning has identified variants of the gephyrin mRNA, which originate from alternative splicing of four exonic regions (cassettes 1 – 4). In this study, the expression patterns of gephyrin splice variants were determined in the adult and developing rat brain by in situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Gephyrin transcripts were detected throughout the brain and spinal cord, with mRNAs containing cassette 2 (C2 transcripts) being predominant in adult animals. C3 and C4 transcripts were seen in cerebellar granule cells and in the dentate gyrus, whereas a C1 probe did not produce detectable hybridization signals. During development, C2 and C3 mRNAs were found in most brain regions. Generally, the spatial and temporal distribution of gephyrin transcripts is similar to that of the glycine receptor β subunit mRNA reported previously.
Robust Regression Shrinkage and Consistent Variable Selection Through the LAD-Lasso

The least absolute deviation (LAD) regression is a useful method for robust regression, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) is a popular choice for shrinkage estimation and variable selection. In this article we combine these two classical ideas together to produce LAD-lasso. Compared with the LAD regression, LAD-lasso can do parameter estimation and variable selection simultaneously. Compared with the traditional lasso, LAD-lasso is resistant to heavy-tailed errors or outliers in the response. Furthermore, with easily estimated tuning parameters, the LAD-lasso estimator enjoys the same asymptotic efficiency as the unpenalized LAD estimator obtained under the true model (i.e., the oracle property). Extensive simulation studies demonstrate satisfactory finite-sample performance of LAD-lasso, and a real example is analyzed for illustration purposes.
OcVFDT: one-class very fast decision tree for one-class classification of data streams

Current research on data stream classification mainly focuses on supervised learning, in which a fully labeled data stream is needed for training. However, fully labeled data streams are expensive to obtain, which make the supervised learning approach difficult to be applied to real-life applications. In this paper, we model applications, such as credit fraud detection and intrusion detection, as a one-class data stream classification problem. The cost of fully labeling the data stream is reduced as users only need to provide some positive samples together with the unlabeled samples to the learner. Based on VFDT and POSC4.5, we propose our OcVFDT (One-class Very Fast Decision Tree) algorithm. Experimental study on both synthetic and real-life datasets shows that the OcVFDT has excellent classification performance. Even 80% of the samples in data stream are unlabeled, the classification performance of OcVFDT is still very close to that of VFDT, which is trained on fully labeled stream.
The application of cosine transform and principal components for foreground detection in video

Detection and tracking of moving objects in video sequences are essential for many computer vision applications & it is considered as a challenging research issue due to dynamic changes in objects or background appearance, illumination, shape and occlusions. In this article, we proposed a robust algorithm to detect moving objects in a video, based on the combination of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and principal component analysis (PCA). The elementary frequency components are obtained from separable property of DCT and the dimensionality of these components is usually high. In order to reduce dimensionality and to extract effective features of the elementary frequencies, PCA approach is used. The proposed method is tested on standard PETS dataset and other real time video sequences collected from various sources. Experimental results obtained for the proposed method are encouraging.
Visual Ability and Searching Behavior of Adult Laricobius nigrinus, a Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Predator

Abstract Very little is known about the searching behavior and sensory cues that Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) predators use to locate suitable habitats and prey, which limits our ability to collect and monitor them for classical biological control of adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The aim of this study was to examine the visual ability and the searching behavior of newly emerged L. nigrinus Fender, a host-specific predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea: Adelgidae). In a laboratory bioassay, individual adults attempting to locate an uninfested eastern hemlock seedling under either light or dark conditions were observed in an arena. In another bioassay, individual adults searching for prey on hemlock seedlings (infested or uninfested) were continuously video-recorded. Beetles located and began climbing the seedling stem in light significantly more than in dark, indicating that vision is an important sensory modality. Our primary finding was that searching behavior of L. nigrinus, as in most species, was related to food abundance. Beetles did not fly in the presence of high A. tsugae densities and flew when A. tsugae was absent, which agrees with observed aggregations of beetles on heavily infested trees in the field. At close range of prey, slow crawling and frequent turning suggest the use of non-visual cues such as olfaction and contact chemoreception. Based on the beetles' visual ability to locate tree stems and their climbing behavior, a bole trap may be an effective collection and monitoring tool.
The role of outer rainband convection in governing the eyewall replacement cycle in numerical simulations of tropical cyclones

Eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) are frequently observed during the evolution of intensifying tropical cyclones (TCs). Although intensely studied in recent years, the underlying mechanisms of ERCs are still not well understood, and a timely accurate forecast of ERCs remains to be a challenge. To advance our understanding of ERCs and provide insights into the improvement of numerical forecast of ERCs, a series of three‐dimensional full physics simulations is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate ERCs in TC‐like vortices on an f plane. The simulated ERC in the control experiment possesses key features similar to those observed in real TCs including the formation and development of a secondary tangential wind maximum associated with the outer eyewall. The Sawyer‐Eliassen diagnoses and tangential momentum budget analyses are performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) and ERC. The simulations show the crucial roles of outer rainband heating in governing the formation and development of the secondary tangential wind maximum and demonstrate that the outer rainband convection must reach a critical strength relative to the eyewall convection before SEF and ERC can occur. The diagnoses reveal a positive feedback among low‐level convection, acceleration of tangential winds and convergence of radial flow in the upper boundary layer, and surface evaporation that leads to the development of outer rainband convection and formation of secondary eyewall, and a mechanism for the demise of inner eyewall that involves the interaction between the transverse circulations induced by eyewall and outer rainband convection.
The java module system: core design and semantic definition

Java has no module system. Its packages only subdivide the class name space, allowing only a very limited form of component-level information hiding and reuse. Two Java Community Processes have started addressing this problem: one describes the runtime system and has reached an early draft stage, while the other considers the developer's view and only has a straw-man proposal. Both are natural language documents, which inevitably contain ambiguities. In this work we design and formalize a core module system for Java. Where the JCP documents are complete, we follow them closely; elsewhere we make reasonable choices. We define the syntax, the type system, and the operational semantics of an LJAM language, defining these rigorously in the Isabelle/HOL automated proof assistant. Using this formalization, we identify various issues with the module system. We highlight the underlying design decisions, and discuss several alternatives and their benefits. Our Isabelle/HOL definitions should provide a basis for further consideration of the design alternatives, for reference implementations, and for proofs of soundness.
Full-spectrum fluorescent lighting: a review of its effects on physiology and health

Background. Full-spectrum fluorescent lighting (FSFL) has been credited with causing dramatic beneficial effects on a wide variety of behaviours, mental health outcomes and physical health effects, as compared to other fluorescent lamp types. These effects are hypothesized to occur because of similarity between FSFL emissions and daylight, which is said to have evolutionary superiority over other light sources. Method. This review, covering the period 1941–1999, critically considers the evidence for direct effects of FSFL through skin absorption as well as indirect effects on hormonal and neural processes. Conclusions. Overall, the evidence does not show dramatic effects of fluorescent lamp type on behaviour or health, neither does it support the evolutionary hypothesis.
Regulation of PI-2b Pilus Expression in Hypervirulent Streptococcus agalactiae ST-17 BM110

The widely spread Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as Group B Streptococcus, GBS) “hypervirulent” ST17 clone is strongly associated with neonatal meningitis. The PI-2b locus is mainly found in ST17 strains but is also present in a few non ST17 human isolates such as the ST-7 prototype strain A909. Here, we analysed the expression of the PI-2b pilus in the ST17 strain BM110 as compared to the non ST17 A909. Comparative genome analyses revealed the presence of a 43-base pair (bp) hairpin-like structure in the upstream region of PI-2b operon in all 26 ST17 genomes, which was absent in the 8 non-ST17 strains carrying the PI-2b locus. Deletion of this 43-bp sequence in strain BM110 resulted in a 3- to 5-fold increased transcription of PI-2b. Characterization of PI-2b promoter region in A909 and BM110 strains was carried out by RNAseq, primer extension, qRT-PCR and transcriptional fusions with gfp as reporter gene. Our results indicate the presence of a single promoter (Ppi2b) with a transcriptional start site (TSS) mapped 37 bases upstream of the start codon of the first PI-2b gene. The large operon of 16 genes located upstream of PI-2b codes for the group B carbohydrate (also known as antigen B), a major constituent of the bacterial cell wall. We showed that the hairpin sequence located between antigen B and PI-2b operons is a transcriptional terminator. In A909, increased expression of PI-2b probably results from read-through transcription from antigen B operon. In addition, we showed that an extended 5’ promoter region is required for maximal transcription of gfp as a reporter gene in S. agalactiae from Ppi2b promoter. Gene reporter assays performed in Lactococcus lactis strain NZ9000, a related non-pathogenic Gram-positive species, revealed that GBS-specific regulatory factors are required to drive PI-2b transcription. PI-2b expression is up-regulated in the BM110ΔcovR mutant as compared to the parental BM110 strain, but this effect is probably indirect. Collectively, our results indicate that PI-2b expression is regulated in GBS ST17 strains, which may confer a selective advantage in the human host either by reducing host immune responses and/or increasing their dissemination potential.