Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticorrelation between default and dorsal attention networks varies across default subsystems and cognitive states

Anticorrelation between the default network (DN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) is thought to be an intrinsic aspect of functional brain organization reflecting competing functions. However, the stability of anticorrelations across distinct DN subsystems, different contexts, and time, remains unexplored. Here we examine DN-DAN functional connectivity across six different cognitive states. We show that:(i) the DAN is anticorrelated with the DN core subsystem, but not with the two DN subsystems involved in mentalizing and mnemonic functions, respectively; (ii) DN-DAN interactions vary significantly across cognitive states; (iii) DN-DAN connectivity fluctuates across time between periods of anticorrelation and periods of positive correlation; and (iv) coupling between the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and DAN predicts variation in the strength of DN-DAN anticorrelation across time. These findings reveal substantial variability in DN-DAN interactions, suggesting that these networks are not strictly competitive, and that the FPCN may act to modulate their anticorrelation strength.
Quantum transport in carbon-based nanostructures

The electronic structure and the quantum transport properties of graphene, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons are studied using analytical and numerical tools. Special care is taken in considering fundamental questions of high experimental relevance and in relating the results to experiments. The main focus of the work is on numerical calculations based on the tight-binding description of electrons, also integrating the results of microscopic ab initio calculations and including several minimal models at various degrees of detail. Transport calculations are done based on the Landauer formalism of linear conductance, using Green function decimation algorithms for the efficient handling of large systems of up to thousands of atoms. Following three detailed theoretical introductory chapters, the work is organized in four parts: One chapter on the effects of realistically modelled metallic contacts on the transport properties of nanotubes and -ribbons, including a section dealing with ballistic magnetoresistance effects. Another chapter about the mesoscopic length scales in disordered and defective carbon systems. A chapter on multilayer carbon systems that deals with issues of approximate momentum conservation in incommensurate systems. Finally, a chapter on the effects of external magnetic fields on the electronic structure of carbon systems. The appendices give a precise derivation of the theoretical tools used in the work and include fully documented source code implementations of the relevant algorithms used throughout the project.
Sharp Reduction of Contact Resistivities by Effective Schottky Barrier Lowering With Silicides as Diffusion Sources

An extremely low contact resistivity of 6-7 × 10<sup>-9</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> between Ni<sub>0.9</sub>Pt<sub>0.1</sub>Si and heavily doped Si is achieved through Schottky barrier engineering by dopant segregation. In this scheme, the implantation of B or As is performed into silicide followed by a low-temperature drive-in anneal. Reduction of effective Schottky barrier height is manifested in the elimination of nonlinearities in IV characteristics.
Rice Improvement for Irrigated Lowland Agro-ecologies of Ethiopia: Achievements, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions

Rice is an important food grain crop contributing one third of nutrition and caloric intake in the world. It has a wide range of adaptation that led to evolution of thousands of varieties having diverse cooking, eating and nutritional characters. In Ethiopia, rice is one of strategic commodity that is expected to promote agricultural production. The country has a potential of 3.7 million ha land for irrigated low land rice production. Irrigated rice research recently started in 2001. Since then research on irrigated rice variety development has been conducted by both Somalia Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute (SoPARI) and Werer agricultural research center (WARC). Irrigated rice improvement program works on strategies such as broadening the genetic bases, stress screening, improvement for additional merits and parental selection for future improvement. So far, more than 2000 rice germplasms have been introduced and evaluated with the objectives of developing high yielding and salinity tolerant varieties. As the result, nine high yielding irrigated rice varieties have been released following the variety development procedures and up 10 salt tolerant genotypes were identified. In addition, 8 genotypes with different grain quality (physical, nutritional and cooking) were identified and three high yielding genotypes are promoted to variety verification trial. However, the genetic improvement is totally dependent on the introduction of rice germplasms. Therefore, it is advisable to establish national crossing block with modern breeding tools and improvement program for development of irrigated rice genotypes for future high yielding, stress tolerant and nutritionally rich rice varieties. Moreover, physical capacity building of the irrigated rice research program is very crucial.
Financial and social impact of supporting a haematological cancer survivor

Support persons of haematological cancer survivors may be faced with unique challenges due to the course of these diseases and the treatments required. This study aimed to examine the social and financial impacts associated with their role. Eight hundred adult survivors of haematological cancer within 3 years of diagnosis were invited via an Australian state population-based cancer registry to complete a survey. Survivors were mailed two questionnaire packages, one for themselves and one for their primary support person. Non-respondents were mailed reminders via the survivor after 3 weeks. One hundred and eighty-two support persons completed the questionnaire (85% response rate). Of these, 67 (46%) support persons reported having at least one personal expense and 91 (52%) experienced at least one financial impact. Male support persons and support persons of survivors in active treatment reported experiencing more personal expenses than other support persons. Older participants reported fewer financial consequences. A greater number of social impacts were reported by those born outside Australia, those who had to relocate for treatment and support persons of survivors in active treatment. Future research should focus on practical solutions to reducing these impacts on support persons.
Characterization of variant infectious bursal disease virus from a broiler farm in Japan using immunized sentinel chickens

We attempted the isolation of variant infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses by using sentinel chickens immunized with inactivated classical-type IBD vaccine. Immunized sentinel chickens with high levels of neutralizing antibodies and non-immunized sentinel chickens were raised together with broiler chickens in a commercial farm. Severe atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius was observed from the second week after cohabitation in non-immunized sentinel chickens. However, in immunized sentinel chickens and broiler chickens, atrophy was observed from the third week after cohabitation. The IBD virus (IBDV) isolated from the bursa of Fabricius of immunized sentinel chickens, designated as strain IBDV TY2, showed severe atrophy of the bursa in infected SPF chickens. Antiserum to the IBDV TY2 strain showed higher neutralizing activity to heterologous IBDV strains than did antiserum to the K strain vaccine virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequences encoding the hypervariable region of virus protein 2 of the IBDV TY2 strain did not cluster with the classical, variant or very virulent IBDV groups. Based on these results, we suggest that the IBDV TY2 strain may constitute a novel variant type of IBDV.
Physical inactivity, TV-watching hours and body composition in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a predisposing factor to the onset/worsening of other cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity. OBJECTIVE To determine physical activity level (PAL) and daily number of hours of TV (HTV) and the association and/or correlation of these variables with age, gender, economic class, public/private school, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS Cross sectional study, school-based population, public and private education, primary and secondary education. The sample was calculated based on the minimum expected prevalence of several variables, including physical inactivity. Cluster sampling. PROTOCOL structured questionnaire, including Physical Activity for Older Children Questionnaire (PAQ-C) measurements of weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold (TSF). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Chi-square, linear correlation. RESULTS Among the 1,253 students, averaging 12.4 ± 2.9 years old, of which 549 were male, there was a prevalence of inactivity in 93.5%, more commonly found in female adolescents and there was no association between PAL and excess weight or body fat, soccer and dance were the most frequent activities in boys and girls, respectively; 60% of students did not have physical education classes. Average and median HTV were respectively 3.6 and 3 hours; there was a significant association between HTV and obesity and significant correlation between PAL and age (negative) and between BMI and TSF (positive). CONCLUSION Physical inactivity is present in 93.5% of children and adolescents from Maceió. It is more commonly found among teenagers and females, with no association or correlation of this variable with excess weight or body fat; obesity was associated with ≥ 3 HTV.
Early Childhood Caries and Body Mass Index in Young Children from Low Income Families

The relationship between early childhood caries (ECC) and obesity is controversial. This cross-sectional survey investigated this association in children from low-income families in Goiania, Goias, Brazil and considered the role of several social determinants. A questionnaire examining the characteristics of the children and their families was administered to the primary caregiver during home visits. In addition, children (approximately 6 years of age) had their height, weight, and tooth condition assessed. The primary ECC outcome was categorized as one of the following: caries experience (decayed, missing, filled tooth: “dmft” index > 0), active ECC (decayed teeth > 0), or active severe ECC (decayed teeth ≥ 6). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The participants in the current study consisted of 269 caregiver-child dyads, 88.5% of whom were included in the Family Health Program. Caregivers were mostly mothers (67.7%), were 35.3 ± 10.0 years old on average and had 9.8 ± 3.1 years of formal education. The mean family income was 2.3 ± 1.5 times greater than the Brazilian minimum wage. On average, the children in the current study were 68.7 ± 3.8 months old. Of these, 51.7% were boys, 23.4% were overweight or obese, 45.0% had active ECC, and 17.1% had severe ECC. The average body mass index (BMI) of the children was 15.9 ± 2.2, and their dmft index was 2.5 ± 3.2. BMI was not associated with any of the three categories of dental caries (p > 0.05). In contrast, higher family incomes were significantly associated with the lack of caries experience in children (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.01–1.50), but the mother’s level of education was not significantly associated with ECC.
Distinct Responses of Intraplate Sedimentation to Different Subsidence Mechanisms: Insights From Forward Landscape Evolution Simulations

Both the surface processes associated with large intracontinental basins and their underlying geodynamic mechanisms remain unclear. Proposed models include flexural deformation due to orogenic loading, isostatic subsidence in response to lithosphere extension, and dynamic subsidence arising from sublithospheric mantle downwelling. Here we use forward landscape evolution modeling to quantitatively investigate the surface process response to various types of tectonic subsidence during intraplate sedimentation. We find that isostatic subsidence causes continuous accumulation of sediment through time with a largely stable pattern of fluvial drainage. In contrast, dynamic subsidence results in fast intraplate sedimentation followed by regional unconformities and continental‐scale reorganization of fluvial networks. Our quantitative simulations reveal that the traditional 1‐D isostatic backstripping approach may lead to erroneous estimates of the past tectonic subsidence from the preserved sedimentary records: for lithospheric elastic thickness (Te) < 50 km, the flexural effect leads to larger (smaller) apparent subsidence at the center (rim) of the basin, compared to the true subsidence; for Te > 50 km, broadscale flexural support leads to underestimated subsidence throughout the basin. Subparallel tilted strata are a unique stratigraphic feature associated with spatially migratory dynamic subsidence followed by dynamic rebound. Their characteristic slope provides a quantitative constraint on the spatiotemporal pattern of dynamic subsidence. The Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway provides an example of this type of basin fill. We demonstrate that quantitative, forward landscape evolution modeling can help decipher the relationship between intraplate sedimentation and the underlying tectonic drivers.
4-1BBL Enhances CD8+ T Cell Responses Induced by Vectored Vaccines in Mice but Fails to Improve Immunogenicity in Rhesus Macaques

T cells play a central role in the immune response to many of the world’s major infectious diseases. In this study we investigated the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily costimulatory molecule, 4-1BBL (CD137L, TNFSF9), for its ability to increase T cell immunogenicity induced by a variety of recombinant vectored vaccines. To efficiently test this hypothesis, we assessed a number of promoters and developed a stable bi-cistronic vector expressing both the antigen and adjuvant. Co-expression of 4-1BBL, together with our model antigen TIP, was shown to increase the frequency of murine antigen-specific IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells in three vector platforms examined. Enhancement of the response was not limited by co-expression with the antigen, as an increase in CD8+ immunogenicity was also observed by co-administration of two vectors each expressing only the antigen or adjuvant. However, when this regimen was tested in non-human primates using a clinical malaria vaccine candidate, no adjuvant effect of 4-1BBL was observed limiting its potential use as a single adjuvant for translation into a clinical vaccine.
SWAT-BASED STREAMFLOW AND EMBAYMENT MODELING OF KARST-AFFECTED CHAPEL BRANCH WATERSHED, SOUTH CAROLINA

SWAT is a GIS-based basin-scale model widely used for the characterization of hydrology and water quality of large, complex watersheds; however, SWAT has not been fully tested in watersheds with karst geomorphology and downstream reservoir-like embayment. In this study, SWAT was applied to test its ability to predict monthly streamflow dynamics for a 1,555 ha karst watershed, Chapel Branch Creek, which drains to a large embayment and is comprised of highly diverse land uses. SWAT was able to accurately simulate the monthly streamflow at a cave spring (CS) outlet draining mostly agricultural and forested lands and a golf course plus an unknown groundwater discharging area, only after adding known monthly subsurface inputs as a point source at that location. Monthly streamflows at two other locations, both with multiple land uses, were overpredicted when lower lake levels were prevalent as a result of surface water flow to groundwater (losing streams). The model underpredicted the flows during rising lake levels, likely due to high conductivity and also a deep percolation coefficient representing flow lost to shallow and deep groundwater. At the main watershed outlet, a wide section performing as a reservoir embayment (R-E), the model was able to more accurately simulate the measured mean monthly outflows. The R-E storage was estimated by using a daily water balance approach with upstream inflows, rainfall, and PET as inputs and using parameters obtained by bathymetric survey, LiDAR, and downstream lake level data. Results demonstrated the substantial influence of the karst features in the water balance, with conduit and diffuse flow as an explanation for the missing upstream flows appearing via subsurface conveyance to the downstream cave spring, thus providing a more accurate simulation at the embayment outlet. Results also highlighted the influences of downstream lake levels and karst voids/conduits on the watershed hydrologic balance. Simulation performance of hydrology could be improved with more accurate DEMs obtained from LiDAR for karst feature identification and related modification of SWAT parameters. This SWAT modeling effort may have implications on nutrient and sediment loading estimates for TMDL development and implementation in karst watersheds with large downstream embayments that have significant changes in water level due to adjoining lakes.
Multifactor leadership styles and new exposure to workplace bullying: a six-month prospective study

This study investigated the prospective association between supervisor leadership styles and workplace bullying. Altogether 404 civil servants from a local government in Japan completed baseline and follow-up surveys. The leadership variables and exposure to bullying were measured by Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, respectively. The prevalence of workplace bullying was 14.8% at baseline and 15.1% at follow-up. Among respondents who did not experience bullying at baseline (n=216), those who worked under the supervisors as higher in passive laissez-faire leadership had a 4.3 times higher risk of new exposure to bullying. On the other hand, respondents whose supervisors with highly considerate of the individual had a 70% lower risk of new exposure to bullying. In the entire sample (n=317), passive laissez-faire leadership was significantly and positively associated, while charisma/inspiration, individual consideration, and contingent reward were negatively associated both after adjusting for demographic and occupational characteristics at baseline, life events during follow-up, and exposure to workplace bullying at baseline. Results indicated that passive laissez-faire and low individual consideration leadership style at baseline were strong predictors of new exposure to bullying and high individual consideration leadership of supervisors/managers could be a preventive factor against bullying.
Regular path queries on graphs with data

Graph data models received much attention lately due to applications in social networks, semantic web, biological databases and other areas. Typical query languages for graph databases retrieve their topology, while actual data stored in them is usually queried using standard relational mechanisms. Our goal is to develop techniques that combine these two modes of querying, and give us query languages that can ask questions about both data and topology. As the basic querying mechanism we consider regular path queries, with the key difference that conditions on paths between nodes now talk not only about labels but also specify how data changes along the path. Paths that combine edge labels with data values are closely related to data words, so for stating conditions in queries, we look at several data-word formalisms developed recently. We show that many of them immediately lead to intractable data complexity for graph queries, with the notable exception of register automata, which can specify many properties of interest, and have NLogspace data and Pspace combined complexity. As register automata themselves are not easy to use in querying, we define two types of extensions of regular expressions that are more user-friendly, and develop query evaluation techniques for them. For one class, regular expressions with memory, we achieve the same bounds as for automata, and for the other class, regular expressions with equality, we also obtain tractable combined complexity of query evaluation. In addition, we show that results extends to analogs of conjunctive regular path queries.
The Brain Uses Reliability of Stimulus Information when Making Perceptual Decisions

In simple perceptual decisions the brain has to identify a stimulus based on noisy sensory samples from the stimulus. Basic statistical considerations state that the reliability of the stimulus information, i.e., the amount of noise in the samples, should be taken into account when the decision is made. However, for perceptual decision making experiments it has been questioned whether the brain indeed uses the reliability for making decisions when confronted with unpredictable changes in stimulus reliability. We here show that even the basic drift diffusion model, which has frequently been used to explain experimental findings in perceptual decision making, implicitly relies on estimates of stimulus reliability. We then show that only those variants of the drift diffusion model which allow stimulus-specific reliabilities are consistent with neurophysiological findings. Our analysis suggests that the brain estimates the reliability of the stimulus on a short time scale of at most a few hundred milliseconds.
Plasma Cytokine Levels in Migraineurs and Controls

Background. —The vasoactive peptide, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), is released from primary afferent neurons in the trigemino‐vascular circulation during migraine headache. CGRP at physiological concentrations and possibly via stimulation of its selective receptors on T‐cells, triggers the secretion of cytokines. Cytokines play an important role in several physiological and pathological settings such as immunology, inflammation, and pain.
Multilinear weighted convolution of L2 functions, and applications to nonlinear dispersive equations

The X s,b spaces, as used by Beals, Bourgain, Kenig-Ponce-Vega, Klainerman-Machedon and others, are fundamental tools to study the low-regularity behavior of nonlinear dispersive equations. It is of particular interest to obtain bilinear or multilinear estimates involving these spaces. By Plancherel's theorem and duality, these estimates reduce to estimating a weighted convolution integral in terms of the L 2 norms of the component functions. In this paper we systematically study weighted convolution estimates on L 2 . As a consequence we obtain sharp bilinear estimates for the KdV, wave, and Schrodinger X s,b spaces.