Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcome prediction in critical care: physicians' prognoses vs. scoring systems

Background and objective: To compare the accuracy of prognoses made by intensive care physicians with the performance of two indicators, the original Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and a modified version optimized to the patient sample. Methods: Data from 412 patients consecutively admitted to intensive care units of Göttingen University Hospital, Germany, were collected according to the original score criteria. Information necessary for the computation of SAPS II and the vital status on hospital discharge was recorded. To customize the original SAPS II in our cohort, the database was randomly divided into two subgroups. Logistic regression analysis with physiological values as explanatory variables was used. A bootstrap procedure completed the process. Furthermore, physicians were asked to indicate their prognostic judgement concerning the patients' hospital mortality. Results: Discrimination analysis showed the following areas under receiver operating characteristic curves: physicians' prognoses 0.84 (confidence interval (CI): 0.79-89), SAPS II 0.75 (CI: 0.69-0.80) and customized SAPS 0.72 (CI: 0.66-0.78). The physician's forecast was significantly better, while the customized and the original SAPS were not substantially different as regards their accuracy. Conclusions: Prognoses made by physicians are superior to objective models. This may result from more extensive knowledge and other kinds of information available to clinicians. A clinician's action also depends on his/her prognosis at the beginning of the treatment, giving raise to a possible correlation between medical outcome and the clinician's prognosis. Our findings indicate that physicians do not limit their prognosis to the objective factors at their disposal, but indicate that they base their decisions on experience and individual observations.
Crystal structure of yeast V1‐ATPase in the autoinhibited state

Vacuolar ATPases (V‐ATPases) are essential proton pumps that acidify the lumen of subcellular organelles in all eukaryotic cells and the extracellular space in some tissues. V‐ATPase activity is regulated by a unique mechanism referred to as reversible disassembly, wherein the soluble catalytic sector, V1, is released from the membrane and its MgATPase activity silenced. The crystal structure of yeast V1 presented here shows that activity silencing involves a large conformational change of subunit H, with its C‐terminal domain rotating ~150° from a position near the membrane in holo V‐ATPase to a position at the bottom of V1 near an open catalytic site. Together with biochemical data, the structure supports a mechanistic model wherein subunit H inhibits ATPase activity by stabilizing an open catalytic site that results in tight binding of inhibitory ADP at another site.
Project-based learning through the eyes of teachers and students: Investigating opinions of PBL in adult ESL

Supervisory Committee Dr. Hossein Nassaji, Supervisor (Department of Linguistics) Dr. Catherine Caws, Committee Member (Department of French) Dr. Helen Raptis, External Examiner (Department of Education) This thesis examines research done to explore teachers‘ and students‘ perspectives and use of Project-based Learning (PBL). The research was conducted at two ESL schools with distinct student populations in Victoria, BC and had 118 total participants. There were 30 teachers from three schools and 88 students from two schools. The teachers and students completed parallel questionnaires asking about their opinions of the various aspects involved in a PBL approach, their use or teachers‘ use of it, their opinions about examples of projects, and also completed open-ended questions about their opinions and experience with projects. The questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), non-parametric, 2 independent samples and is the primary quantitative data. The means and statistical significance between teachers and students were examined to find any main differences in opinion about PBL. Individual interviews were also conducted with teachers and students from two schools. Seven teachers also provided some artifacts from their classes which were examined to see if they corresponded with their perspectives. The latter two forms of data collection form the qualitative data in this study.
Probability from similarity

The probability calculus provides an attractive canonical form for reasoning but its use requires numerous estimates of chance. Some of the estimates needed in artificial systems can be recorded individually or via Bayesian networks. Others can be tabulated as relative frequencies from stored data. For the shifting contexts of commonsense reasoning, however, the latter sources are likely to prove insufficient. To help fill the gap, we show how sensible conditional probabilities can be derived from absolute probabilities plus information about the similarity of objects and categories. Experimental evidence from studies of human reasoning documents the naturalness of the numbers we derive.
An Examination of Transgender Youth: Support Networks and Mental Health Concerns

Currently there is a paucity of psychological literature dedicated to the transgender community, and the literature specifically addressing gender nonconforming youth is almost nonexistent. However, adolescents who do not adhere to typical gender roles are particularly vulnerable to experiencing negative life events (i.e., homelessness, victimization, stigmatization, familial and peer rejection) that may increase their risk for developing mental health problems. The current project includes a review of the psychological literature which addresses transgender and gender nonconforming youth. Also, a survey of 6 transgender and gender nonconforming youth participants yielded information regarding general demographics, degrees of assumed masculine and feminine gender roles, mental health experiences, and levels of perceived social support. Finally, a discussion of the information derived, limitations, and clinical implications are provided. Degree Type Dissertation Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/105 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the “Rights” section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see “Rights” on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license. ] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. copyright@pacificu.edu This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/105 AN EXAMINATION OF TRANSGENDER YOUTH: SUPPORT NETWORKS AND MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY PACIFIC UNIVERSITY HILLSBORO, OREGON BY JESSICA BOLTON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY
The Effect of Visual Representation Style in Problem-Solving: A Perspective from Cognitive Processes

Using results from a controlled experiment and simulations based on cognitive models, we show that visual presentation style can have a significant impact on performance in a complex problem-solving task. We compared subject performances in two isomorphic, but visually different, tasks based on a card game of SET. Although subjects used the same strategy in both tasks, the difference in presentation style resulted in radically different reaction times and significant deviations in scanpath patterns in the two tasks. Results from our study indicate that low-level subconscious visual processes, such as differential acuity in peripheral vision and low-level iconic memory, can have indirect, but significant effects on decision making during a problem-solving task. We have developed two ACT-R models that employ the same basic strategy but deal with different presentations styles. Our ACT-R models confirm that changes in low-level visual processes triggered by changes in presentation style can propagate to higher-level cognitive processes. Such a domino effect can significantly affect reaction times and eye movements, without affecting the overall strategy of problem solving.
An Interpretation of Flat Density Cores of Clusters of Galaxies by Degeneracy Pressure of Fermionic Dark Matter: A Case Study of A1689

Flat density cores have been observed for a limited number of clusters of galaxies by strong gravitational lensing. Using a phenomenological equation of state (EOS) describing the full-to-partial degeneracy, we integrate the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. The EOS is based on the assumption that the local kinetic energy of a classical particle induced by gravity dissolves the quantum statistical degeneracy. The density profile is uniquely determined by four parameters: the central density, ρ(0); the properties of a fermion, namely, the mass, m, and statistical weight, g; and the ratio of the total matter density and fermion density, δ. As a case study, we model the column density and two-dimensional (2D) encircled mass profiles of A1689, whose column density profile has been observationally obtained by Broadhurst et al. using gravitational lensing. The column density and 2D encircled profiles at the core are reasonably reproduced for models with a limited range of particle properties. In the case that previously unknown fermions with spin dominate the dark matter, the acceptable particle mass range is between 2 and 4 eV. In the case that the dark matter consists of a mixture of degenerate relic neutrinos and classical collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) particles, the mass range of neutrinos is between 1 and 2 eV, if the ratio of the two kinds of dark matter particles is fixed to its cosmic value. Both the pure fermionic dark matter models and neutrino-CDM-mixture models reproduce the observations equally well.
The synergy between non-blocking synchronization and operating system structure

Non-blocking synchronization has significant advantages over blocking synchronization: however, it has not been used to a significant degree in practice. We designed and implemented a multiprocessor operating system kernel and run-time library for high-performance, reliability and modularity. We used nonblocking synchronization, not because it was an objective in itself, but because it became the approach of choice. It was an attractive approach because of the synergy between other structuring techniques we used to achieve our primary goals and the benefits of non-blocking synchronization. This paper describes this synergy: the structuring techniques we used which facilitated non-blocking synchronization and our experience with this implementation.
Architectural Foundations of WSRF.NET

State management has always been an underlying issue for large-scale distributed systems, but only recently has it been brought to the forefront of Grid computing with the introduction of the Web Services Resource Framework (WSRF) and its companion, WS-Notification. WSRF advocates standardized approaches for client exposure to and potential manipulation of stateful services for Grid computing; however, these arguments and their long-term implications have been difficult to assess without a concrete implementation of the WSRF specifications. This paper describes the architectural foundations of WSRF.NET, which is an implementation of the full set of specifications for WSRF and WS-Notification on the Microsoft . NET Framework. To our knowledge, the observations and lessons learned from the design and implementation of WSRF.NET provide the first evaluation of the WSRF approach. A concrete example of the design, implementation, and deployment of a WSRF-compliant service and its accompanying WSRF-compliant client are used to guide the discussion. While the potential of WSRF and WS-Notification remains strong, initial observations are that there are many challenges that remain to be solved, most notably the implied programming model derived from the specifications, particularly the complexity of service side and client code and the complexity of WS-Notification.
Varieties of Lucid Dreaming Experience

What can we conclude from the above quotations? Certainly nothing regarding the nature of eroticism in the lucid dream state. Rather, they illustrate that the experience of lucid dreaming is subject to individual variation. This should not be surprising, since lucid dreaming, like all forms of conscious experience, is comprised of a flow of subjective events created by brain processes using input from sensory-perceptual modalities, internal algorithms or schemata and, perhaps, poorly understood neuronal activity associated with central nervous system homeostatic maintenance. Variability in individual experience is inherent at all levels: anatomical in the form of limitations imposed by breath and sensory system development, physiological as sleep and REM sleep needs, inborn activation and damping tendencies, and psychological variation caused by recent and long-term experiences, the development of habits of interaction with the environment, and assumptions about the way the world works.
Brain Susceptibility Weighted Imaging Signal Changes in Acute Hemorrhagic Anemia: An Experimental Study Using a Rabbit Model

Background The aim of this study was to investigate susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) signal changes in different brain regions in a rabbit model of acute hemorrhagic anemia. Material/Methods Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used for construction of the model of acute hemorrhagic anemia. Signal intensities of SWI images of the bilateral frontal cortex, frontal white matter, temporal lobe, and thalamic nuclei were measured. In addition, the cerebral gray-white contrast and venous structures of the SWI images were evaluated by an experienced physician. Results Repeated bloodletting was associated with significant reductions in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, pH, and PaCO2, and elevations of blood lactate and PaO2. In normal status, the SWI signal intensity was significantly higher in the frontal cortex than in the frontal white matter (63.10±22.82 vs. 52.50±20.29; P<0.05). Repeated bloodletting (5 occasions) caused significant (P<0.05) decreases in the SWI signals of the frontal cortex (from 63.10±22.82 to 37.70±4.32), temporal lobe (from 52.50±20.29 to 42.60±5.54), and thalamus (from 60.40±20.29 to 39.40±3.47), but was without effect in the frontal white matter. The cerebral white-gray contrast and venous structures were clearer after bloodletting than before bloodletting. Conclusions The effect of hemorrhage on the brain is reflected by SWI signal changes in the cerebral cortex and gray matter nuclei.
Online supervision at the university - A comparative study of supervision on student assignments face-to-face and online

Through an empirical study of supervision on student assignments at the university across face-to-face and online settings, we show firstly the limiting implications of traditional dichotomies between face-to-face and online supervision. Secondly we show that more attention must be given to the way different digital tools influence the supervisory dialogue. These findings illustrate a form of ‘torn pedagogy’; that online tools and platforms destabilize and tear traditional understandings of supervision pedagogy apart. Also we forge a new concept of “format supervision” that enables supervisors to understand and reflect their supervision practice as a deliberate choice between face-to-face and online formats.
Interaction of Gonadal Steroids and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone on Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP Receptor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus, the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland, and the gonads, forming an autocrine–paracrine system in these tissues. Within the pituitary, PACAP functions either alone or synergistically with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate gonadotropin gene expression and secretion. Our goal was to define the hormonal regulation of pituitary PACAP and PACAP receptor (PAC1) gene expression by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, and progesterone alone or in conjunction with GnRH. Treatment of adult male rat pituitary cell cultures with DHT or progesterone augmented GnRH-mediated increase in PACAP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, but neither had an effect when present alone. Conversely, estradiol treatment blunted PACAP gene expression but did not alter GnRH effects on PACAP expression. Expression of PACAP receptor mRNA was decreased by GnRH treatment, minimally increased by DHT treatment, but not altered by the addition of estradiol or progesterone. DHT and GnRH together blunted PACAP receptor gene expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the activity of the intrapituitary PACAP-PAC1 system is regulated via the complex interaction of gonadal steroids and hypothalamic GnRH.
An analysis of enabling school structure: Theoretical, empirical, and research considerations

The construct of enabling school structure is empirically analyzed in this qualitative study of high schools. First, the theoretical underpinning of enabling school structure is developed. Then, six high schools, which were determined to have enabling structures in a large quantitative study of Ohio schools, were analyzed in depth using semi‐structured interviewing techniques. The inquiry fleshes out the specifics of the performance of principals and teachers in such organizations and describes the dynamics of enabling school structures in terms of their formalization, centralization, and functioning. Finally, the research demonstrates a natural and symbiotic relation between quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of schools.
The limits of software transactional memory (STM): dissecting Haskell STM applications on a many-core environment

In this paper, we present a Haskell Transactional Memory benchmark to provide a comprehensive application suite for the use of Software Transactional Memory (STM) researchers. We develop a framework to profile the execution of the benchmark applications and to collect detailed runtime data on their transactional behavior, running them on a 128-core multiprocessor. Using a composite of the collected raw data, we propose new transactional performance metrics. We analyze key statistics related to scalability, atomic sections, transactional events, overall transactional overhead and the relative hardware performance, accordingly drawing conclusions on the results. Our findings advance our comprehension on the STM runtime and the characteristics of different applications under the transactional management of the pure, functional programming language, Haskell.
Increased Inflammatory Markers Are Associated with Obesity and Not with Target Organ Damage in Newly Diagnosed Untreated Essential Hypertensive Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate whether inflammatory markers are associated with hypertensive end organ damage or obesity in patients with hypertension. Seventy newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients (29 men and 41 women aged 49.6 ± 9.5 y) and 25 age–sex-matched normotensive subjects (12 men and 13 women aged 45.8 ± 7.3 y) were asked about their family history of hypertension and smoking habits, and body mass index (BMI) was recorded and blood samples were taken to measure fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine levels. In hypertensive patients, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin extraction, and left ventricular mass index were determined. Hypertensive patients had significantly higher BMIs and inflammatory markers when compared with normotensive healthy controls. The CRP was positively associated with BMI (P < .05), diastolic blood pressure (P < .05), fibrinogen (P < .01), urinary albumin extraction (P < .01), and left ventricular mass index (P < .05). The BMI and serum fibrinogen level were independently associated with CRP. The effect of inflammation on the development of hypertensive end organ damage may be associated with obesity, so that control of obesity may eliminate the inflammatory state in hypertensive patients and also hypertensive end organ damage.
A qualitative study of refugees with psychotic symptoms

Refugees experience higher rates of psychotic symptoms, in particular auditory hallucinations. This study aimed to explore the experience of refugees diagnosed with psychosis from a first-person perceptive. Seven refugees from a routine clinical service who had experienced trauma were interviewed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed, generating six main themes: bleak agitated immobility, trauma-related perceptions, fear and mistrust of others, the sense of a broken self, the pain of losing everything, and the attraction of death. Six participants experienced voices, sounds, or visual phenomena thematically linked to past trauma. The sense of hopelessness was striking. Potential aims for therapy are a focus on helplessness, fear and coping, but also on the person’s lack of a sense of purpose, trust and engagement in everyday activities.
Cultural Differences in Emotions

Do emotions differ across cultures? This essay reviews the markedly different ways in which psychologists have approached this question in the past and discusses directions for the future. We first show how past research has often failed to find cultural differences in emotion by focusing on what emotions people from different cultures can have hypothetically, rather than investigating the emotions they actually have in daily life. Taking a sociocultural perspective, we demonstrate that cultural differences in people's actual emotional practices not only exist but are also meaningful and predictable: Accumulating evidence suggests that people experience more of those emotions that fit their culture's relationship goals and values. We review evidence for two mechanisms that may be behind these cultural differences in emotion—different situational ecologies and different tendencies to interpret (or appraise) emotional events. Finally, we discuss a road map for what lies ahead in the psychological study of cultural differences in emotion. We propose that future research will benefit from a dynamic approach to culture and emotion—an approach that explicitly captures how cultural differences in emotion emerge as a function of people's ongoing social interactions and relationships. Keywords: culture; cultural differences; emotion; appraisal; emotion practices; relationships; sociodynamics; interactions