Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflections of diverse voices: A narrative study exploring the relationship between multicultural dual language experiences and cultural competence

v List of Tables . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Demographic Shifts and Social Change . 2 Race, Language, and American Public Schools . 5 Problem Statement . 11 Purpose of the Study . 14 Research Questions . 15 Key Terminology . 15 Theoretical Framework . 17 Significance of the Study . 19 Policy . 20 Practice . 22 Delimitations . 23 Role of Researcher . 24 Sampling . 25 Overview of the Dissertation . 28 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework . 29 Cultural Competence . 29 Culturally Responsive Pedagogy . 31 Supporting Linguistic Diversity in Education . 42 Instructional Approaches in Bilingual Education . 42
Linking Peripartal Dynamics of Ruminal Microbiota to Dietary Changes and Production Parameters

During the peripartal period, proper acclimatization of rumen microorganisms to variations in nutritional management can facilitate the transition into lactation. This study characterized the temporal shifts in the composition and functional properties of ruminal microbiota during the periparturient period in dairy cows subjected to a typical two-tiered feeding management approach. Ruminal digesta samples from eight multiparous fistulated Holstein cows were collected on days −14, −7, 10, 20, and 28 relative to parturition. High-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed distinct clustering patterns between pre- and postpartal ruminal microbiota. During the prepartal period, when the voluntary dry matter intake was lower, we observed strikingly lower inter-animal variations in the composition of the ruminal microbiota. Genera Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio, which are considered major fibrolytic rumen dwellers, were overrepresented in the prepartal rumen ecosystem. In contrast, increased postpartal voluntary DMI was associated with enrichment of bacterial genera mainly consisting of proteolytic, amylolytic, and lactate-producer species (including Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus). These, together with the postpartal enrichment of energy metabolism pathways, suggested a degree of acclimatization of the ruminal microbiota to harvest energy from the carbohydrate-dense lactation diet. In addition, correlations between ruminal microbiota and parameters such as milk yield and milk composition underscored the metabolic contribution of this microbial community to the cow's performance and production.
Trait Emotional Intelligence, Motivation, Engagement, and Intended Retention of Court-Appointed Special Advocate Volunteers

Trait Emotional Intelligence, Motivation, Engagement, and Intended Retention of Court-Appointed Special Advocate Volunteers by Kimberly Baker Obenoskey MA, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, 2003 MBA, Baylor University, 1988 BBA, Baylor University, 1985 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology
DEEProtect: Enabling Inference-based Access Control on Mobile Sensing Applications

Personal sensory data is used by context-aware mobile applications to provide utility. However, the same data can also be used by an adversary to make sensitive inferences about a user thereby violating her privacy. We present DEEProtect, a framework that enables a novel form of inference control, in which mobile apps with access to sensor data are limited (provably) in their ability to make inferences about user's sensitive data and behavior. DEEProtect adopts a two-layered privacy strategy. First, it leverages novel autoencoder techniques to perform data minimization and limits the amount of information being shared; the learning network is used to derive a compact representation of sensor data consisting only of features relevant to authorized utility-providing inferences. Second, DEEProtect obfuscates the previously learnt features, thereby providing an additional layer of protection against sensitive inferences. Our framework supports both conventional as well as a novel relaxed notion of local differential privacy that enhances utility. Through theoretical analysis and extensive experiments using real-world datasets, we demonstrate that when compared to existing approaches DEEProtect provides provable privacy guarantees with up to 8x improvement in utility. Finally, DEEProtect shares obfuscated but raw sensor data reconstructed from the perturbed features, thus requiring no changes to the existing app interfaces.
SOA from limonene: role of NO 3 in its generation and degradation

Abstract. The formation of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were monitored during the NO 3 + limonene reaction in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Research Center Julich. The 24-h run began in a purged, dry, particle-free chamber and comprised two injections of limonene and oxidants, such that the first experiment measured SOA yield in the absence of seed aerosol, and the second experiment yields in the presence of 10 μg m −3 seed organic aerosol. After each injection, two separate increases in aerosol mass were observed, corresponding to sequential oxidation of the two limonene double bonds. Analysis of the measured NO 3 , limonene, product nitrate concentrations, and aerosol properties provides mechanistic insight and constrains rate constants, branching ratios and vapor pressures of the products. The organic nitrate yield from NO 3 + limonene is ≈30%. The SOA mass yield was observed to be 25–40%. The first injection is reproduced by a kinetic model. PMF analysis of the aerosol composition suggests that much of the aerosol mass results from combined oxidation by both O 3 and NO 3 , e.g., oxidation of NO 3 + limonene products by O 3 . Further, later aerosol nitrate mass seems to derive from heterogeneous uptake of NO 3 onto unreacted aerosol alkene.
Exploring Inflation in Thailand Through Sectoral Price Settting Behavior and Underlying Trend

This paper attempts to answer two questions arising in the present environment where traditional inflation indicators show no clear sign of price pressure despite robust economic growth. Firstly, are there any price pressures at present and, if so, where do they lie? Secondly, with several changes in the global and domestic environment, has the inflation process, in particular its speed of adjustment, changed? Both the newly proposed Kalman’s inflation indicator, which has a unique feature of time-varying weights, and the finding of relatively higher increase in PPI compared to CPI indicates some upward price pressure in the economy. Meanwhile, sectoral price data reveal that prices of consumer goods have been adjusted less frequently across sectors during the post-crisis period although there has been no change in the frequency of producer price adjustment. Inflation is also found to return quickly to its initial level in response to shocks. This result renders an undemanding role of monetary policy especially under the inflation targeting regime. * The authors are grateful to Atchana Waiquamdee, Nitaya Pibulratanagit, Amara Sriphayak, and Titanun Mallikamas for their support and guidance. Special thanks go to Rattatam Suwannakoot, Nipon Phusarus, and Ariyanee Jetiyanont, trainees at BOT for their research assistance. We would also like to thank Regina Sawatronapak for her editorial comments and colleagues in the Monetary Policy Group for their supports. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the BOT.
Would a Flat Tax Stimulate Entrepreneurship in Germany?: A Behavioural Microsimulation Analysis Allowing for Risk

When possible income tax reforms are debated, the suspected impact on entrepreneurship is often used as an argument in favour or against a certain policy. Quantitative ex-ante evaluations of the effect of certain tax reform options on entrepreneurship based on microeconometric research have not been provided by the literature, however. This paper estimates the ex-ante effects of the German tax reform 2000 and of two hypothetical flat tax scenarios on entries into and exits out of self-employment in Germany. For the estimation I apply a microsimulation model which is based on the tax-benefit model STSM and on structural microeconometric models of transitions into and out of self-employment. These structural models include an estimated parameter of risk aversion. The simulation results indicate that flatter tax systems do not encourage, but rather discourage people from choosing self-employment. This is explained by the reduction of entrepreneurs' income risk through progressive taxation.
Evaluation of Riboflavin Intakes and Status of 20–64-Year-Old Adults in South Korea

A recent Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey indicated inadequate riboflavin intake in Koreans, but there is limited research regarding riboflavin status in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to determine riboflavin intake and status of Korean adults. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls were collected from 412 (145 men and 267 women) healthy adults, aged 20–64 years, living in South Korea and urine samples were collected from 149 subjects of all subjects. The dietary and total (dietary plus supplemental) riboflavin intake was 1.33 ± 0.34 and 2.87 ± 6.29 mg/day, respectively. Approximately 28% of the subjects consumed total riboflavin less than the Estimated Average Requirement. Urinary riboflavin excretion was 205.1 ± 190.1 μg/g creatinine. Total riboflavin intake was significantly positively correlated to the urinary riboflavin excretion. (r = 0.17171, p = 0.0363). About 11% of the Korean adults had urinary riboflavin <27 μg/g creatinine indicating a riboflavin deficiency and 21% had low status of riboflavin (27 μg/g creatinine ≤ urinary riboflavin < 80 μg/g creatinine). Thus, one-third of Korean adults in this study had inadequate riboflavin status. In some adults in Korea, consumption of riboflavin-rich food sources should be encouraged.
Fear and Misperception of Los Angeles Urban Space

Imagining urban space as being comfortable or fearful is studied as an effect of people's connections to their residential area communication infrastructure. Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling and spatial-statistical methods are used to process 215 mental maps obtained from respondents to a multilingual survey of seven ethnically marked residential communities of Los Angeles. Spatial-statistical analyses reveal that fear perceptions of Los Angeles urban space are not associated with commonly expected causes of fear, such as high crime victimization likelihood. The main source of discomfort seems to be presence of non-White and non-Asian populations. Respondents more strongly connected to television and interpersonal communication channels are relatively more fearful of these populations than those less strongly connected. Theoretical, methodological, and community-building policy implications are discussed.
The psychology of greed

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Jattack: a WebRTC load testing tool

We present Jattack, an automated stressing tool for the analysis of the performance of WebRTC-enabled server-side components. Jattack has been initially conceived with the primary objective of performing a thorough scalability analysis of the well-known Janus WebRTC gateway. As such, it re-uses most of the Janus core stack components in order to reliably emulate the behavior of a dynamically adjustable number of WebRTC clients. The specific testing . scenario can indeed be programmatically reproduced by writing a small "controller" component, which takes on the responsibility of properly orchestrating the scenario itself. The general-purpose nature of the tool, together with its flexibility deriving from the controller-based programmable approach, makes Jattack also suitable for stress-testing other WebRTC-enabled servers.
Activating the infralimbic prefrontal cortex promotes the inhibition of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning following extinction

Objectives: There is conflicting evidence about the role of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL-PFC) in the extinction of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IL-PFC activity mediates the inhibition of conditioned behaviour following extinction, and predicted that augmenting IL-PFC activity would reduce sucrose-induced reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of Pavlovian conditioned sucrose-seeking. Methods: Male, Long-Evans rats (Charles River) received bilateral cannulae or unilateral microinfusions of a viral vector coding for Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP), or eYFP only, and optical fiber implantation targeting the IL-PFC. During Pavlovian conditioning, presentations of an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS; 10 s, 14 trials/session, VT-140 s) were paired with a 10% w/v sucrose solution (0.2 ml; 2.8 ml/session). The same procedure was repeated during extinction and test sessions, except that sucrose was omitted during CS trials. The effect of optically stimulating (473 nm, 5 ms, 20 Hz, 30 mW) IL-PFC neurons during CS trials in spontaneous recovery tests was assessed at 24 h after a single extinction session, and also 26 days later. In two separate groups of rats, the effect of enhancing IL-PFC activity using pre-session microinfusions of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA; 0 or 0.3 nmol/µl/side) or optical stimulation during CS trials on sucrose-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behaviour was assessed. The ability of optical stimulation to induce Fos expression was also measured in separate animals. Results: Optical stimulation of IL-PFC neurons reduced spontaneous recovery after a delay of 26 days, but not 24 h. Reinstatement was reduced by both intra-IL-PFC AMPA and by optical stimulation. Optical stimulation increased Fos expression in ChR2 expressing neurons compared to eYFP controls. Conclusions: Our results show that the IL-PFC plays a key role in maintaining the inhibition of appetitive, Pavlovian conditioned behaviour following extinction.
Effects of mineral dust on global atmospheric nitrate concentrations

Abstract. This study assesses the chemical composition and global aerosol load of the major inorganic aerosol components, focusing on mineral dust and aerosol nitrate. The mineral dust aerosol components (i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) and their emissions are included in the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC). Gas/aerosol partitioning is simulated using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model that considers K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Na+, SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, and H2O aerosol components. Emissions of mineral dust are calculated online by taking into account the soil particle size distribution and chemical composition of different deserts worldwide. Presence of metallic ions can substantially affect the nitrate partitioning into the aerosol phase due to thermodynamic interactions. The model simulates highest fine aerosol nitrate concentration over urban and industrialized areas (1–3 µg m−3), while coarse aerosol nitrate is highest close to deserts (1–4 µg m−3). The influence of mineral dust on nitrate formation extends across southern Europe, western USA, and northeastern China. The tropospheric burden of aerosol nitrate increases by 44 % when considering interactions of nitrate with mineral dust. The calculated global average nitrate aerosol concentration near the surface increases by 36 %, while the coarse- and fine-mode concentrations of nitrate increase by 53 and 21 %, respectively. Other inorganic aerosol components are affected by reactive dust components as well (e.g., the tropospheric burden of chloride increases by 9 %, ammonium decreases by 41 %, and sulfate increases by 7 %). Sensitivity tests show that nitrate aerosol is most sensitive to the chemical composition of the emitted mineral dust, followed by the soil size distribution of dust particles, the magnitude of the mineral dust emissions, and the aerosol state assumption.
Evaluation of the Kts'iìhtła (“We Light the Fire”) Project: building resiliency and connections through strengths-based creative arts programming for Indigenous youth

Background The creative arts – music, film, visual arts, dance, theatre, spoken word, literature, among others – are gradually being recognised as effective health promotion tools to empower, engage and improve the health and well-being in Indigenous youth communities. Arts-based programming has also had positive impacts in promoting health, mental wellness and resiliency amongst youth. However, often times the impacts and successes of such programming are not formally reported on, as reflected by the paucity of evaluations and reports in the literature. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate a creative arts workshop for Tłįchǫ youth where youth explored critical community issues and found solutions together using the arts. We sought to identify the workshop’s areas of success and challenge. Ultimately, our goal is to develop a community-led, youth-driven model to strengthen resiliency through youth engagement in the arts in circumpolar regions. Design Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted observational field notes, focus groups, questionnaires, and reflective practice to evaluate the workshop. Four youth and five facilitators participated in this process overall. Results Youth reported gaining confidence and new skills, both artistic and personal. Many youth found the workshop to be engaging, enjoyable and culturally relevant. Youth expressed an interest in continuing their involvement with the arts and spreading their messages through art to other youth and others in their communities. Conclusions Engagement and participation in the arts have the potential to build resiliency, form relationships, and stimulate discussions for community change amongst youth living in the North.
Scalable optimization algorithms for recommender systems

Recommender systems have now gained significant popularity and been widely used in many e-commerce applications. Predicting user preferences is a key step to providing high quality recommendations. In practice, however, suggestions made to users must not only consider user preferences in isolation; a good recommendation engine also needs to account for certain constraints. For instance, an online video rental that suggests multimedia items (e.g., DVDs) to its customers should consider the availability of DVDs in stock to reduce customer waiting times for accepted recommendations. Moreover, every user should receive a small but sufficient number of suggestions that the user is likely to be interested in. This thesis aims to develop and implement scalable optimization algorithms that can be used (but are not restricted) to generate recommendations satisfying certain objectives and constraints like the ones above. State-of-the-art approaches lack efficiency and/or scalability in coping with large real-world instances, which may involve millions of users and items. First, we study large-scale matrix completion in the context of collaborative filtering in recommender systems. For such problems, we propose a set of novel shared-nothing algorithms which are designed to run on a small cluster of commodity nodes and outperform alternative approaches in terms of efficiency, scalability, and memory footprint. Next, we view our recommendation task as a generalized matching problem, and propose the first distributed solution for solving such problems at scale. Our algorithm is designed to run on a small cluster of commodity nodes (or in a MapReduce environment) and has strong approximation guarantees. Our matching algorithm relies on linear programming. To this end, we present an efficient distributed approximation algorithm for mixed packingcovering linear programs, a simple but expressive subclass of linear programs. Our approximation algorithm requires a poly-logarithmic number of passes over the input, is simple, and well-suited for parallel processing on GPUs, in shared-memory architectures, as well as on a small cluster of commodity nodes.
Probabilistic Estimates of Future Changes in California Temperature and Precipitation Using Statistical and Dynamical Downscaling 3

25 Sixteen global general circulation models were used to develop probabilistic projections of 26 temperature (T) and precipitation (P) changes over California by the 2060s. The global models 27 were downscaled with two statistical techniques and three nested dynamical regional climate 28 models, although not all global models were downscaled with all techniques. Both monthly and 29 daily timescale changes in T and P are addressed, the latter being important for a range of 30 applications in energy use, water management, and agriculture. The T changes tend to agree more 31 across downscaling techniques than the P changes. Year-to-year natural internal climate variability 32 is roughly of similar magnitude to the projected T changes. In the monthly average, July 33 temperatures shift enough that that the hottest July found in any simulation over the historical 34 period becomes a modestly cool July in the future period. Januarys as cold as any found in the 35 historical period are still found in the 2060s, but the median and maximum monthly average 36 temperatures increase notably. Annual and seasonal P changes are small compared to interannual 37 or intermodel variability. However, the annual change is composed of seasonally varying changes 38 that are themselves much larger, but tend to cancel in the annual mean. Winters show modestly 39 wetter conditions in the North of the state, while spring and autumn show less precipitation. The 40 dynamical downscaling techniques project increasing precipitation in the Southeastern part of the 41 state, which is influenced by the North American monsoon, a feature that is not captured by the 42 statistical downscaling.
The Role of the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype on Survival Outcome in Colon Cancer

Background/Aims CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)- high colorectal cancers (CRCs) have distinct clinicopathological features from their CIMP-low/negative CRC counterparts. However, controversy exists regarding the prognosis of CRC according to the CIMP status. Therefore, this study examined the prognosis of Korean patients with colon cancer according to the CIMP status. Methods Among a previous cohort population with CRC, a total of 154 patients with colon cancer who had available tissue for DNA extraction were included in the study. CIMP-high was defined as 3/5 methylated markers using the five-marker panel (CACNA1G, IGF2, NEUROG1, RUNX3, and SOCS1). Results CIMP-high and CIMP-low/negative cancers were observed in 27 patients (17.5%) and 127 patients (82.5%), respectively. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age, gender, tumor location, tumor stage and CIMP and microsatellite instability (MSI) statuses indicated that CIMP-high colon cancers were associated with a significant increase in colon cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 8.69; p=0.02). In microsatellite stable cancers, CIMP-high cancer had a poor survival outcome compared to CIMP-low/negative cancer (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.02 to 8.27; p=0.04). Conclusions Regardless of the MSI status, CIMP-high cancers had poor survival outcomes in Korean patients.