Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vancomycin and nephrotoxicity: Just another myth?

BACKGROUND Vancomycin is considered the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection; however, it has also been linked with nephrotoxicity in the past, sometimes leading to its substitution with linezolid. We hypothesized that patients treated with vancomycin for gram-positive (GP) infections would have an increased incidence of rise in creatinine and need for hemodialysis (HD) compared with patients receiving linezolid. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of all surgical patients treated with either vancomycin or linezolid for GP infections in a single intensive care unit from 2001 to 2008 and managed under a cycling antibiotic protocol. Patients were followed up until hospital discharge. Categorical and continuous variables were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. RESULTS A total of 545 patients were treated for 1,046 GP infections (571 with vancomycin, 475 with linezolid) over 7 years. Patient demographics were similar between groups; however, the vancomycin group was associated with a longer treatment course (16.2 [0.5] days vs. 14.3 [0.5] days; p = 0.022). Unadjusted outcomes were similar between groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score predicted an increase in creatinine levels greater than 1.0 following antibiotic therapy (relative risk [RR], 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–7.42) and subsequent need for HD (RR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.23–7.62). In addition, initial creatinine level predicted an increase in creatinine levels greater than 1.0 following antibiotic therapy (RR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.46–12.99) and subsequent need for HD (RR, 10.83; 95% CI, 3.19–36.77). Linezolid was found to be protective regarding rise in creatinine levels greater than 1.0 following antibiotic therapy; however, this was only experienced when vancomycin trough levels greater than 20 were encountered (RR, 5.4;95% CI, 1.19–24.51). CONCLUSION These data suggest that vancomycin is minimally nephrotoxic and has a similar nephrotoxic profile as compared with linezolid when appropriate dosing is used, even among critically ill patients with complex infections. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/care management, level II.
Cutting Edge: CCR2 Is Not Required for Ly6Chi Monocyte Egress from the Bone Marrow but Is Necessary for Migration within the Brain in La Crosse Virus Encephalitis

Inflammatory monocyte (iMO) recruitment to the brain is a hallmark of many neurologic diseases. Prior to entering the brain, iMOs must egress into the blood from the bone marrow through a mechanism, which for known encephalitic viruses, is CCR2 dependent. In this article, we show that during La Crosse Virus-induced encephalitis, egress of iMOs was surprisingly independent of CCR2, with similar percentages of iMOs in the blood and brain of heterozygous and CCR2−/− mice following infection. Interestingly, CCR2 was required for iMO trafficking from perivascular areas to sites of virus infection within the brain. Thus, CCR2 was not essential for iMO trafficking to the blood or the brain but was essential for trafficking within the brain parenchyma. Analysis of other orthobunyaviruses showed that Jamestown Canyon virus also induced CCR2-independent iMO egress to the blood. These studies demonstrate that the CCR2 requirement for iMO egress to the blood is not universal for all viruses.
Leveraging scientific credibility about Arctic sea ice trends in a polarized political environment

This work argues that, in a polarized environment, scientists can minimize the likelihood that the audience’s biased processing will lead to rejection of their message if they not only eschew advocacy but also, convey that they are sharers of knowledge faithful to science’s way of knowing and respectful of the audience’s intelligence; the sources on which they rely are well-regarded by both conservatives and liberals; and the message explains how the scientist arrived at the offered conclusion, is conveyed in a visual form that involves the audience in drawing its own conclusions, and capsulizes key inferences in an illustrative analogy. A pilot experiment raises the possibility that such a leveraging–involving–visualizing–analogizing message structure can increase acceptance of the scientific claims about the downward cross-decade trend in Arctic sea ice extent and elicit inferences consistent with the scientific consensus on climate change among conservatives exposed to misleadingly selective data in a partisan news source.
Dark lumen magnetic resonance colonography: comparison with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal pathology

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and usefulness of a new magnetic resonance (MR) colonography technique for the detection of colorectal pathology in comparison with conventional colonoscopy as the standard of reference. Patients and methods: A total of 122 subjects with suspected colorectal disease underwent “dark lumen” MR colonography. A contrast enhanced T1w three dimensional VIBE sequence was collected after rectal administration of water. The presence of colorectal masses and inflammatory lesions were documented. Results were compared with those of a subsequently performed colonoscopy. Results: MR colonography was found to be accurate regarding detection of clinically relevant colonic lesions exceeding 5 mm in size, with sensitivity and specificity values of 93%/100%. Conclusion: Dark lumen MR colonography can be considered as a promising alternative method for the detection of colorectal disease. In addition, it allows assessment of extraluminal organs.
Object matching in tweets with spatial models

Despite their 140-character limitation, tweets embody a lot of valuable information, especially temporal and spatial. In this paper we study the geographic aspects of tweets, for a given object domain. We propose a user-level model for spatial encoding in tweets that goes beyond the explicit geo-coding or place name mentions; this model can be used to match objects to tweets. We illustrate our model and methodology using restaurants as the objects, and show a significant improvement in performance over using standard language models. En route, we obtain a method to geolocate users who tweet about geolocated objects; this may be of independent interest.
Yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for subcentimetric lymph nodes: A comparison to larger nodes

Background and Objectives: Subcentimetric (defined as <1 cm at short axis) lymph nodes are considered benign and there is limited literature on the results of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of these nodes. Methods: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA was done on 189 lymph nodes in 166 patients with pyrexia of unknown origin (n = 113) or malignancy (n = 53). Subcentimetric lymph nodes (Group A) were compared to nodes with short axis diameter ≥1 cm (Group B). Data are shown as number, percentage, and median (25–75 interquartile range). Results: There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B regarding site of lymph nodes (mediastinal in 73.6 and 72.5%, abdominal in 26.3 vs. 27.4%), number of slides (median 14 vs. 15), needle passes (median 2), and needle used (22 G needle in 85.5% vs. 69.9%). Group A had significantly lesser long axis diameter (1.5 [1.2–2] vs. 2.1 [1.6–2.9] cm) and short axis diameter (0.7 [0.6–0.8) vs. 1.4 [1.1–1.6] cm). A diagnosis (pathologic or reactive) could not be made in 2 (2.6%) and 11 (9.7%) lymph nodes in Group A and Group B, respectively (P = 0.078), due to inadequate material. Respective diagnoses in Group A and Group B were reactive lymphadenopathy (51.3% vs. 18.5%, P = 0.000), granulomatous lymphadenopathy (34.2% vs. 53%, P = 0.011), and malignancy (11.8% vs. 18.5%, P = 0.231). The lymph nodes with granulomatous and malignant change were significantly larger and had higher chances of having sharply demarcated borders as compared to reactive nodes. Conclusion: EUS-guided FNA of subcentimetric lymph nodes have comparable results to larger nodes. Almost half of the subcentimetric lymph nodes are pathologic.
Rumination Predicts Longer Sleep Onset Latency After an Acute Psychosocial Stressor

Objectives: Rumination has been linked to self-reported sleep quality. However, whether rumination is related to an objective sleep parameter has not been tested. This study examined whether rumination predicts sleep onset latency (SOL) on the night after an acute psychosocial stressor. We hypothesized that those who ruminate (assessed with both trait and stressor-specific measures) would have longer SOL (assessed with objective and subjective methods). Methods: Seventy participants delivered a 5-minute speech in front of an evaluative panel during an afternoon laboratory session. Trait rumination was assessed before the stressor. Stressor-specific rumination was captured with the frequency of task-related thoughts participants experienced during a 10-minute rest period after the stressor. Participants wore actigraphs on their wrists on the night after the laboratory session to measure objective sleep onset latency (SOL-O). Subjective sleep onset latency was estimated by participants on the subsequent morning. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, trait and stressor-specific rumination predicted longer SOL-O and subjective sleep onset latency, respectively. In addition, trait and stressor-specific rumination interacted to predict longer SOL-O. SOL-O was longest among those who engaged in more stressor-specific rumination and had greater trait rumination scores. Neither rumination measure was related to sleep duration or wakefulness after sleep onset. Conclusions: The findings from this study are consistent with previous research linking rumination to subjective sleep quality. The results also suggest that post-stressor ruminative thought may predict delayed sleep onset for those with a propensity for rumination. SOL = sleep onset latency; SOL-O = objective sleep onset latency; SOL-S = subjective sleep onset latency; WASO = wakefulness after sleep onset.
Economic Fundamentals, Risk, and Momentum Profits

We study empirically the changes in economic fundamentals for firms with recent stock price momentum. We find that: (i) winners have temporarily higher dividend, investment, and sales growth rates, and losers have temporarily lower dividend, investment, and sales growth rates; (ii) the duration of the growth rate dispersion matches approximately that of the momentum profits; (iii) past returns are strong, positive predictors of future growth rates; and (iv) factor-mimicking portfolios on expected growth rates earn significantly positive returns on average. This evidence is consistent with the theoretical predictions of Johnson (2002), in which momentum returns reflect compensation for temporary shifts in risk associated with expected growth. Additional tests do not provide much support for a risk-based explanation, however.
The Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Parkinson Range ( GARCH-PARK-R ) Model for Forecasting Financial Volatility 1 by

A new variant of the ARCH class of models for forecasting conditional variance, to be called the Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Parkinson Range (GARCH-PARK-R) Model, is proposed. The GARCH-PARK-R model, utilizing the extreme values, is a good alternative to the Realized Volatility that requires a large amount of intra-daily data, which remain relatively costly and are not readily available. Estimates of the GARCH-PARK-R model are derived using Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimation (QMLE). The results suggest that the GARCH-PARK-R model is a good middle ground between intra-daily models, such as the Realized Volatility and inter-daily models, such as the ARCH class. The forecasting performance of the models is evaluated using the daily Philippine Peso-U.S. Dollar exchange rate from January 1997 to December 2003.
Trial of support treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin in the luteal phase after treatment with buserelin and human menopausal gonadotrophin in women taking part in an in vitro fertilisation programme.

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the effect of support with human chorionic gonadotrophin in the luteal phase in women taking part in an in vitro fertilisation programme after buserelin and human menopausal gonadotrophin were used to hyperstimulate their ovaries. DESIGN--Controlled group comparison. SETTING--Outpatient department of a private hospital. PATIENTS--115 Women with indications for in vitro fertilisation, all of whom had at least one embryo transferred. INTERVENTIONS--After suppression of the pituitary with buserelin the ovaries of all the women were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotrophin on day 4 of the luteal phase. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (10,000 IU) was given to induce ovulation, and oocytes were recovered 34 hours later. Embryos were transferred 46 to 48 hours after insemination. Women who had received the 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin on a date that was an uneven number (n = 61) were allocated to receive support doses of 2500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin three and six days after that date. The remaining 54 women did not receive hormonal support. END POINT--Determination of the rates of pregnancy. MEASUREMENTS and main results--Support with human chorionic gonadotrophin did not significantly alter the progesterone or oestradiol concentrations in the early or mid-luteal phase. The mean (range) progesterone concentrations in the late luteal phase in women who did not become pregnant were, however, significantly higher in those who received support (16(9-110) nmol/l nu 8(4-46) nmol/l), and the luteal phase was significantly longer in this group (14 days nu 12 days). The rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in the women who received support than in those who did not (25/61 nu 8/54). CONCLUSIONS--When buserelin and human menopausal gonadotrophin are used to hyperstimulate ovaries support with human chorionic gonadotrophin in the luteal phase has a beneficial effect on in vitro fertilisation.
Detection and Genotyping of Human Rotavirus VP4 and VP7 Genes by Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Reverse Hybridization

ABSTRACT Rotavirus infections can be diagnosed in stool samples by serological and molecular methods. We developed a novel reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method for the amplification of rotavirus RNA and a reverse hybridization assay on a strip to detect amplimers and identify the specific G and P genotypes present in human stool specimens. An additional aim was to permit specific identification of the rotavirus G1P[8] strain, used in the Rotarix vaccine. Novel broad-spectrum PCR primers were developed for both VP4 and VP7, permitting the amplification of a wide range of rotavirus genotypes. Primer sets comprise mixtures of defined primer sequences. For the identification of G and P genotypes, two reverse hybridization strip assays were developed. Both the VP4 and the VP7 strip contain universal probes for the detection of VP4 and VP7 sequences, irrespective of the G or P genotype. The VP4 strip contains type-specific probes for P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], and P[10]. The VP7 strip contains type-specific probes for G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G8, and G9. In addition, probes to distinguish between wild-type G1 and G1 vaccine strain sequences were present. Testing by analysis of multiple reference strains confirmed that both RT-PCR methods allowed the detection of a broad spectrum of genotypes. RT-PCR for VP7 was more sensitive than RT-PCR for VP4, but all samples identified as positive for rotavirus antigen by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also positive for both VP4 and VP7. The high specificity of the reverse hybridization method was confirmed by sequence analysis as well as by type-specific PCR, and the vaccine strain could also be specifically identified. The reverse hybridization method permits accurate identification of mixed infections with different genotypes. Rotavirus genotypes for which no type-specific probes were present on the strip were adequately identified by the universal detection probes. The assay was formally validated by analyses of specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. In a panel of 149 ELISA-positive stool samples, comparison with conventional type-specific RT-PCR methods revealed the superiority of the novel method, mainly in cases of mixed rotavirus infections. This novel method permits highly accurate detection and identification of human rotavirus infections in stool samples. This validated assay could be useful for large-scale epidemiological and clinical trials.
Body Asymmetry Affects Conjugate Lateral Eye Movement

A. H. Baker (1989) and A. H. Baker and A. I. Ledner (1990) reported that asymmetrical visual stimulation affects conjugate lateral eye movement (CLEM). In the present article, the authors explored whether asymmetrical body position similarly affects CLEM. The authors assessed CLEMs twice in a counterbalanced design. In the control (symmetric) condition, each participant sat in a completely symmetrical position facing a wall devoid of any asymmetrical features. In the experimental (asymmetrical) condition, half the participants rotated their heads 68° clockwise relative to their bodies to face the experimenter, and the other half rotated their heads 68° counterclockwise, also to face the experimenter. CLEM was predominantly toward the body's position in the asymmetrical condition rather than toward the body's position in the symmetrical condition.
Regulation of polyribosome formation and cell division in cultured soybean cells by cytokinin.

SUMMARY Cytokinin was shown to be required for cell division in cultured cells of Clycine max var. Sodifury. This cytokinin-induced mitotic activity was correlated with a high cellular content of polysomes. Within 24 h after transfer to a cytokinin-containing medium there was a 4 - 5-fold increase in the percentage of ribosomes bound as polyribosomes, as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of extracted ribosomal material. Relatively high levels of polysomes and mitotic activity were maintained through the first 6 days of the culture period on cytokinin-containing medium. Thereafter, both cell division activity and the percentage of polyribosomes declined progressively with increasing time in culture. A comparatively small increase in polyribosomes occurred within 24 h of transfer to medium lacking cytokinins, followed by the progressive decline of the level of polyribosomes. The time course of cytokinininduced polyribosome formation was determined by treating cells with cytokinin after they had been cultured for 24 h on a medium lacking cytokinin. Under these conditions there was a rapid increase in polyribosomes over the next 3 h with no detectable lag period, and near maximal levels of polyribosomes after 6 h of treatment. The initial stimulation of polyribosome formation by cytokinin was not blocked by actinomycin D. Cytokinin was shown to have a comparatively small effect on the ribonuclease activity in extracts of these cells.
Gamma Knife surgery for convexity, parasagittal, and falcine meningiomas.

OBJECT The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in patients with convexity, parasagittal, or falcine meningiomas treated using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) and to determine management strategy considering a risk of radiation-induced edema. METHODS One hundred twelve patients who harbored 125 convexity, parasagittal, or falcine meningiomas were assessed. Forty-six patients underwent GKS as the initial treatment. The median tumor diameter was 25 mm, and median tumor volume was 8 cm(3). The median maximum and margin doses were 30 and 16 Gy, respectively. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 72 months. The actuarial 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 78% and 55%, respectively. The actuarial 5- and 10-year local tumor control rates were 87% and 71%, respectively. Of 29 tumors that developed postradiosurgical edema, 7 were symptomatic. The actuarial symptomatic radiation-induced edema rate was 7%. The incidence of this complication was significantly higher in patients who underwent GKS as the initial treatment. Six of 46 patients for whom GKS was the initial treatment had preradiosurgical edema. Of these 6 patients, 4 developed severe panhemispheric edema after GKS (2 patients with parasagittal tumors, 1 with a falx tumor, and 1 with a convexity tumor). CONCLUSIONS Gamma Knife surgery is an effective treatment for convexity, parasagittal, and falcine meningiomas as the initial or adjuvant treatment. However, GKS should be restricted to small- to medium-sized tumors, particularly in patients with primary tumors, because radiation-induced edema is more common in convexity, parasagittal, and falcine meningiomas than skull base meningiomas.
Coupled North Atlantic Subdecadal Variability in CMIP5 Models

The interaction between the atmosphere, specifically the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the North Atlantic ocean circulation on sub‐decadal timescale is analyzed in a subset of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). From preindustrial control runs of at least 500 years length, we derive anomaly patterns in the atmospheric and ocean circulation and of air‐sea heat exchange. All models simulate a distinct dipolar oceanic overturning anomaly at the sub‐decadal timescale, with centers at 30° N and 55° N. The dipolar overturning anomaly goes along with marked anomalies in the North Atlantic sea surface temperature and gyre circulation. Lag‐regression analyses demonstrate, with relatively small ensemble spread, how the atmosphere and the ocean circulation interact. The dipolar anomalies in the overturning are forced by NAO‐related wind stress curl anomalies. Anomalous surface heat fluxes in concert with anomalous vertical motions drive a meridional dipolar heat content anomaly in the upper ocean, and it is this dipolar heat content anomaly which carries the coupled system from one phase of the sub‐decadal cycle to the other by reversing the tendencies in the overturning circulation. The coupled sub‐decadal variability derived from the CMIP5 models is characterized by three elements: a wind‐driven part steering the dipolar overturning anomaly, surface heat flux anomalies that support a heat build‐up in the subpolar gyre region, and the heat storage memory which is instrumental in the phase reversal of the NAO.
Taxonomic composition of the particle-attached and free-living bacterial assemblages in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea analyzed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA

Free‐living (FL) and particle‐attached (PA) bacterial assemblages in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea were studied using pyrosequencing data of the 16S rRNA. We have described and compared the richness, the distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) within the two fractions, the spatial distribution, and the taxonomic composition of FL and PA bacterial assemblages. The number of OTUs in the present work was two orders of magnitude higher than in previous studies. Only 25% of the total OTUs were common to both fractions, whereas 49% OTUs were exclusive to the PA fraction and 26% to the FL fraction. The OTUs exclusively present in PA or FL assemblages were very low in abundance (6% of total abundance). Detection of the rare OTUs revealed the larger richness of PA bacteria that was hidden in previous studies. Alpha‐Proteobacteria dominated the FL bacterial assemblage and gamma‐Proteobacteria dominated the PA fraction. Bacteroidetes were important in the PA fraction mainly at the coast. The high number of sequences in this study detected additional phyla from the PA fraction, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia.