Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test case generation from BPMN models for automated testing of Web-based BPM applications

This article proposes an approach to generate test cases from BPMN models, for automated testing of Web applications implemented with the support of BPM suites. The work is primarily focused on functional testing and has the following objectives: (i) identify execution paths from the flow analysis in the BPMN model and (ii) generate the initial code of test scripts to be run on a given Web application testing tool. Throughout the article, we describe the design and implementation of a solution to achieve these goals, targeting automated tests using Selenium and Cucumber as tools. The approach was applied to processes from a public repository and was able to generate test scenarios from different BPMN models.
Detection of RHDV variant 2 in the Azores

RABBIT haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) causes a highly infectious and lethal disease in European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). In Portugal the disease was first reported on the island of Madeira in 1987 and, in the following year, in the Azores. The first report of the disease on the mainland occurred in 1989. Since then, the disease has become endemic throughout the country. The genetically distinct RHDV variant 2 (RHDV-2) was reported on the Portuguese mainland …
Clinical review: behavioral interventions to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and metaanalyses of randomized trials.

CONTEXT The efficacy of lifestyle interventions to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors to prevent pediatric obesity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to summarize evidence on the efficacy of interventions aimed at changing lifestyle behaviors (increased physical activity, decreased sedentary activity, increased healthy dietary habits, and decreased unhealthy dietary habits) to prevent obesity. DATA SOURCES Data sources included librarian-designed searches of nine electronic databases, references from included studies and reviews (from inception until February 2006), and content expert recommendations. STUDY SELECTION Eligible studies were randomized trials enrolling children and adolescents assessing the impact of interventions on both lifestyle behaviors and body mass index (BMI). DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently abstracted data on methodological quality, study characteristics, intervention components, and treatment effects. DATA ANALYSIS We conducted random-effects metaanalyses, quantified inconsistency using I(2), and conducted planned subgroup analyses for each examined outcome. DATA SYNTHESIS Regarding target behaviors, the pooled effect size for physical activity (22 comparisons; n = 9891 participants) was 0.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04-0.20; I(2) = 63%], for sedentary activity (14 comparisons; n = 3003) was -0.29, (CI = -0.35 to -0.22; I(2) = 0%), for healthy dietary habits (14 comparisons, n = 5468) was 0.00 (CI = -0.20; 0.20; I(2) = 83%), and for unhealthy dietary habits (23 comparisons, n = 9578) was -0.20 (CI = -0.31 to -0.09; I(2) = 34%). The effect of these interventions on BMI (43 comparisons, n = 32,003) was trivial (-0.02; CI = -0.06-0.02; I(2) = 17%) compared with control. Trials with interventions lasting more than 6 months (vs. shorter trials) and trials with postintervention outcomes (vs. in-treatment outcomes) yielded marginally larger effects. CONCLUSION Pediatric obesity prevention programs caused small changes in target behaviors and no significant effect on BMI compared with control. Trials evaluating promising interventions applied over a long period, using responsive outcomes, with longer measurement timeframes are urgently needed.
A puzzling homology: a brittle star using a putative cnidarian-type luciferase for bioluminescence

Bioluminescence relies on the oxidation of a luciferin substrate catalysed by a luciferase enzyme. Luciferins and luciferases are generic terms used to describe a large variety of substrates and enzymes. Whereas luciferins can be shared by phylogenetically distant organisms which feed on organisms producing them, luciferases have been thought to be lineage-specific enzymes. Numerous light emission systems would then have co-emerged independently along the tree of life resulting in a plethora of non-homologous luciferases. Here, we identify for the first time a candidate luciferase of a luminous echinoderm, the ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis. Phylogenomic analyses identified the brittle star predicted luciferase as homologous to the luciferase of the sea pansy Renilla (Cnidaria), contradicting with the traditional viewpoint according to which luciferases would generally be of convergent origins. The similarity between the Renilla and Amphiura luciferases allowed us to detect the latter using anti-Renilla luciferase antibodies. Luciferase expression was specifically localized in the spines which were demonstrated to be the bioluminescent organs in vivo. However, enzymes homologous to the Renilla luciferase but unable to trigger light emission were also identified in non-luminous echinoderms and metazoans. Our findings strongly indicate that those enzymes, belonging to the haloalkane dehalogenase family, might then have been convergently co-opted into luciferases in cnidarians and echinoderms. In these two benthic suspension-feeding species, similar ecological pressures would constitute strong selective forces for the functional shift of these enzymes and the emergence of bioluminescence.
Improving Access to Breast Health Services with an Interdisciplinary Model of Care

Abstract: This article reports a hospital’s experience confronting a community crisis, stemming from local and national breast health access issues, and evaluates the subsequent effectiveness of the initiative to improve breast care service. An interdisciplinary Breast Care Facility was developed adjacent to a Community Hospital. Patients receiving breast cancer screening during the year prior to the Breast Center opening (2002) were compared with patients in subsequent years (2003–2005). Program effectiveness was evaluated by examining screening mammography volume, wait times and cancer detection rates. Screening volume increased by 29.6%. Wait times declined from 30 weeks to 3.5 weeks. Initially, patients with a suspicious screening mammography had a 2–3 week delay for diagnostic mammography and the subsequent evaluation took another 3–4 weeks. Both times improved to an average of 2–5 days. Screening cancer detection rates increased from 3.2 per 1,000, to 6.3 per 1,000. In addition, the number of cancers identified by screening increased from 40% to 58%, p = 0.002. Patient satisfaction measured by survey was over 95%, in areas of courtesy, counseling, and overall care. Our study demonstrates that a comprehensive breast center model can increase access to breast care services, improve patient satisfaction and address focal areas of shortage. Furthermore, in the years after the opening of the breast center the cancer detection rate during screening increased, an important observation that needs to be investigated with future studies.
Information systems absorptive capacity for environmentally driven IS‐enabled transformation

The potential of information systems (IS) to enable environmental sustainability necessitates an understanding of how organisations can realise this potential. In this study, building on the absorptive capacity theory and following a multi‐disciplinary and multi‐method approach, we propose that developing IS‐environmental absorptive capacity is a significant mechanism to deliver IS‐enabled change that addresses environmental issues. We commenced with a literature review and exploratory interviews to define the IS‐environmental absorptive capacity construct. We then developed a model that proposes that sustainable IS triggers, knowledge exposure and prior experience influence IS‐environmental absorptive capacity, which in turn contributes to the level of environmentally sustainable IS assimilation as well as to the cost saving, operational performance and reputation of organisations. The model was first tested through an international survey of 148 senior IS managers. The findings support our model regarding the antecedents and value of IS‐environmental absorptive capacity. A follow‐up case study corroborated the survey results and provided additional insights into the nature and causes of IS‐environmental absorptive capacity and its value. This study, in addition to presenting empirical evidence, defines and operationalises the IS‐environmental absorptive capacity construct in a theoretically and operationally meaningful way.
Pleurotus tuber-regium from Nigeria.

SUMMARY Studies have been carried out on Pleurotus tuber-regium, a tropical sclerotial basidiomycete obtained in Nigeria. Both the sclerotium and the fruit bodies are edible. The economic importance to the Nigerian people, particularly in traditional medicine, is discussed. When kept in a warm, humid atmosphere, the sclerotium readily produced fruit bodies which matured within seven da. Minimum temperature for mycelial growth was around 15, optimum 35, and maximum around 40 C. The fungus utilized as carbon sources a number of carbohydrates including fructose, mannose, xylose, glucose, cellobiose, maltose, dextrin, starch, cellulose, mannitol and sorbitol. Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. is a basidiomycete found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Singer, 1961; Zoberi, 1972, 1973). It forms a large, spherical to ovoid, subterranean sclerotium, composed of fungus tissue, sometimes up to 30 cm or more diam. The sclerotium is dark brown on the outside and white inside. Pleurotus tuber-regium initially infects dry wood where it produces the sclerotium which may become buried in the soil. The fungus is common in Nigeria where farmers usually lift the sclerotium out of the soil or wood while cultivating their farm. If the sclerotium is kept in a warm, humid place, it continues to produce fruit bodies one after the other over a period of time whose length depends on the size of the sclerotium. The fungus is consumed popularly in Nigeria and attempts are now being made to determine whether fruit bodies could be produced on a large scale. Nigeria is a country of many tribes, the Hausa in the North, Yoruba in the West, Urhobo in the Mid-West, and the Ibo in the East, to mention a few. Each tribe has recognized mushrooms for many years, and the people have made use of a number of these economically in their daily life. As part of this study, people from different parts of Nigeria were interviewed to determine their knowledge of P. tuber-regium. Prior to the present work, no physiological study has been reported
Novel roles for factor XII-driven plasma contact activation system

Purpose of reviewBlood coagulation is a tightly regulated process, involving vascular endothelium, platelets, and plasma coagulation factors. Formation of fibrin involves a series of sequential proteolytic reactions, initiated by the ‘extrinsic’ and ‘intrinsic’ pathway of coagulation. As hereditary deficiency of factor XII, the protease that triggers the intrinsic pathway and the kallikrein-kinin system, is not associated with a bleeding disorder or other disease states, the physiological role of factor XII is unknown. Recent findingsPatient studies, genetically altered mouse models, and plasma assays analyzed functions of the factor XII-driven contact activation system for coagulation and inflammation. This review focuses on articles, which report phenotypization of animals deficient in the contact system proteins factor XII, factor XI and high-molecular-weight kininogen, as well as novel links between factor XII and edema formation, discovery of new in-vivo activators of factor XII, and functions of the factor XII downstream protease factor XI. SummaryRecent studies improved understanding of the factor XII-driven contact system in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Studies in mouse models revealed that deficiency in contact system proteins protects from arterial thrombus formation, but does not affect hemostasis. Targeting contact system proteins offers new opportunities for safe anticoagulation associated with minimal bleeding risk. Furthermore, targeting factor XII activity provides an opportunity to treat edema formation.
Visibility of gingiva - An important determinant for an esthetic smile

Background: Need for having better esthetics is the new emerging trend seen in patients’ demands and expectations. Various periodontal procedures including the mucogingival procedures have been designed to enhance the esthetics. The amount of gingival display of the patient is also an important parameter while considering the esthetics of the patient. Till date, very few studies have been done in which the amount of gingival visibility have been determined. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of visibility of gingiva during natural smile and forced smile in the patients visiting Himachal Dental College and Hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients (242 females and 158 males), aged between 18 to 49 years, attending the outpatient department of Himachal Dental College, were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to age and gender. Clinical photographs of the patients were taken and analyzed according to the following classification: (1) Very high smile line that is more than 2 mm of marginal gingiva visible or more than 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction visible for the reduced but healthy periodontium, (2) high smile line that is between 0 and 2 mm of marginal gingiva visible or between 0 and 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction visible for the reduced but healthy periodontium, (3) average smile line in which only gingival embrasures are visible, (4) low smile line in which gingival embrasures and cementoenamel junction not visible. Examination of the gingiva was done for both natural smile and forced smile. Results: During smile analysis, the following results were revealed for Natural smile and forced smile. Natural smile analysis revealed following: C1: 1%, C2: 6%, C3: 43.50% and C4 was 49.50%. Forced smile analysis revealed the following: C1: 1%, C2: 15.50%, C3: 59% and C4: 24.50%. Conclusions: Excessive gingival display is an esthetic concern both to the patient and clinician. Therefore, understanding the etiology and treatment options is crucial for the treatment of such patients. So, it becomes utmost duty of the dentist to see that visual attractiveness of the smile is associated strongly with the health of the periodontium.
Emotional Modulation of the Attentional Blink by Pleasant and Unpleasant Pictures

ABSTRACT When shown a rapid series of images, attention to a second target that follows in short proximity to a first is diminished—a phenomenon sometimes called an “attentional blink. ” Three experiments compared detection of motivationally relevant pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures when they appeared as the second target following a neutral (Experiment 1), unpleasant (Experiment 2) and pleasant (Experiment 3) picture target. The second target followed at lags of 2, 3 or 8 pictures. In all three experiments, detection of neutral pictures was reduced at lags 2 and 3, indicative of an attentional blink. In contrast, unpleasant pictures were detected more than neutral pictures at lags 2 and 3. Unexpectedly, pleasant pictures not only resisted the attentional blink, but they were detected substantially more than other pictures at all lags in all three experiments. Overall, the experiments support the idea that motivationally relevant stimuli preferentially capture attention more than motivationally neutral stimuli.
Exchange rate pass-through into German import prices – a disaggregated perspective

This study analyses the exchange rate pass-through into German import prices based on disaggregated data taken on a monthly basis between 1995 and 2012. Our main contribution is twofold: firstly, we employ various time-series techniques to analyse data for different product categories, and also cointegration techniques to carefully distinguish between short-run and long-run pass-through coefficients. Secondly, in a panel data approach we estimate time-varying pass-through coefficients and explain their development with regard to various macroeconomic factors. Our results show that long-run pass-through is only partly observable and incomplete, whereas short-run pass-through shows a more unique character, although heterogeneity across product groups does exist. We are also able to identify several macroeconomic factors that determine changes in the degree of pass-through, which is especially relevant for policymakers.
Strong lensing statistics and the power spectrum normalisation

We use semi-analytic modelling of the galaxy-cluster population and its strong lensing efficiency to explore how the expected abundance of large gravitational arcs on the sky depends on σ 8 . Our models take all effects into account that have been shown to affect strong cluster lensing substantially, in particular cluster asymmetry, substructure, merging, and variations in the central density concentrations. We show that the optical depth for long and thin arcs increases by approximately one order of magnitude when σ 8 increases from 0.7 to 0.9, owing to a constructive combination of several effects. Models with high σ 8 are also several orders of magnitude more efficient in producing arcs at intermediate and high redshifts. Finally, we use realistic source number counts to quantitatively predict the total number of arcs brighter than several magnitude limits in the R and I bands. We confirm that, while σ 8 ∼ 0.9 may come close to the known abundance of arcs, even σ 8 ∼ 0.8 falls short by almost an order of magnitude in reproducing known counts. We conclude that, should σ 8 ∼ 0.8 be confirmed, we would fail to understand the strong-lensing efficiency of the galaxy cluster population, and in particular the abundance of arcs in high-redshift clusters. We argue that early-dark energy or non-Gaussian density fluctuations may indicate one way out of this problem.
The role of reconnection in the pulsar magnetosphere

The present work is our first attempt to understand the role of reconnection in the pulsar magnetosphere. Our discussion is based on the observational inference that, as the pulsar spins down, the region of closed corotating dipolar field lines grows with time. This implies that reconnection must take place in the magnetosphere. We argue that non-dissipative reconnection along the equatorial current sheet allows for continuous channeling of pulsar spindown energy into particle energy, all the way from the light cylinder to the pulsar wind termination shock, and we propose that this effect may account for the low $\sigma_{\rm shock}$ values inferred from the observations. We present a simple model that allows us to relate the magnetic diffusivity in the equatorial current sheet to an observable pulsar parameter, the braking index n . When $n\sim 1$, the global structure of the magnetosphere approaches that of a relativistic split monopole where the pulsar spindown energy is carried by the electromagnetic field. However, for values of $n \ga 1.5$, almost all field lines close inside the pulsar wind termination shock, and thus most of the electromagnetic pulsar spindown energy flux is effectively transformed into particle energy in the equatorial current sheet.
Outcome of testicular sperm extraction in nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome patients: what is the best approach?

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with male hypogonadism and infertility. Parenthood can be achieved in men with KS by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using testicular spermatozoon. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) rate in patients with KS and to investigate the approach associated with the highest SSR. This is a retrospective study where all medical records of patients with KS who underwent SSR for ICSI, in our centre in the past 14 years, were reviewed. Forty‐three patients were included in this study. Twenty‐three underwent conventional testicular sperm extraction (TESE), while 20 patients underwent microsurgical TESE (Micro‐TESE). The SSR was significantly higher in the Micro‐TESE group when compared with the TESE group (30% versus 0% respectively). In the Micro‐TESE group, hormonal stimulation was given to 16 patients, while no treatment was given to four patients. SSR was only successful in hormonally treated patients (6/16). When the type of hormone stimulation was evaluated, SSR was higher in patients receiving aromatase inhibitors (27.8%). SSR in patients with KS is significantly higher when using hormonal stimulation by aromatase inhibitors followed by microsurgical testicular sperm extraction.
Chlorination disinfection byproducts in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes: a review

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Chlorination has been the major disinfectant process for domestic drinking water for many years. Concern about the potential health effects of the byproducts of chlorination has prompted the investigation of the possible association between exposure to these byproducts and incidence of human cancer, and more recently, with adverse reproductive outcomes. This paper evaluates both the toxicological and epidemiological data involving chlorination disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and adverse reproductive outcomes, and makes recommendations for future research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Relatively few toxicological and epidemiological studies have been carried out examining the effects of DBPs on reproductive health outcomes. The main outcomes of interest so far have been low birth weight, preterm delivery, spontaneous abortions, stillbirth, and birth defects— in particular central nervous system, major cardiac defects, oral cleft, and respiratory, and neural tube defects. Various toxicological and epidemiological studies point towards an association between trihalomethanes (THMs), one of the main DBPs and marker for total DBP load, and (low) birth weight, although the evidence is not conclusive. Administered doses in toxicological studies have been high and even though epidemiological studies have mostly shown excess risks, these were often not significant and the assessment of exposure was often limited. Some studies have shown associations for DBPs and other outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, stillbirth and birth defects, and although the evidence for these associations is weaker it is gaining weight. There is no evidence for an association between THMs and preterm delivery. The main limitation of most studies so far has been the relatively crude methodology, in particular for assessment of exposure. RECOMMENDATIONS Large, well designed epidemiological studies focusing on well defined end points taking into account relevant confounders and with particular emphasis on exposure characterisation are ideally needed to confirm or refute these preliminary findings. In practice, these studies may be impracticable, partly due to the cost involved, but this is an issue that can be put right—for example, by use of subsets of the population in the design of exposure models. The studies should also reflect differences of culture and water treatment in different parts of the world. To identify the specific components that may be of aetiological concern and hence to fit the most appropriate exposure model with which to investigate human exposure to chlorinated DBPs, further detailed toxicological assessments of the mixture of byproducts commonly found in drinking water are also needed.