Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Reevaluation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Findings From a Prospective, Inpatient Cohort of Severely Mentally Ill Adults.

OBJECTIVE Accurate prediction of suicide remains elusive due to lack of predictive measures. Given the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale's (C-SSRS) emerging "gold-standard" status for risk assessment, studies are needed to assess its psychometric properties, particularly predictive validity. The current study adds to the limited literature by assessing the C-SSRS's internal consistency, factor structure, concurrent validity, and predictive validity. METHODS In this longitudinal study of 1,055 adults with DSM-IV diagnoses consecutively admitted to a specialized psychiatric hospital between July 1, 2012, and June 30, 2014, patients completed standardized assessments, including the C-SSRS, at admission and 2, 12, and 24 weeks postdischarge. RESULTS The C-SSRS evidenced excellent internal consistency (ordinal α = .95). Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed a 2-factor solution, accounting for 65.3% of the variance across items. The severity of ideation and behavioral items loaded onto the first factor, and the intensity of ideation items loaded onto the second factor. The total score, factors, and the most severe ideation single item were moderately correlated with other measures of suicidality (0.27 ≤ r ≤ 0.58; P < .0001). The summary score from the ideation/behavior factor was found to be modestly correlated with any suicide-related behavior within the 6 months following hospitalization. Receiver operator characteristics indicated that the C-SSRS performed adequately in correctly classifying any suicide-related behavior within 6 months of discharge from the hospital (AUC = 0.757, P < .001) with the total score and summary score from the ideation/behavior factor providing the best balance between sensitivity (0.694) and specificity (0.652-0.674). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to assess the factor structure of the C-SSRS in a large, high-risk sample. The measure has solid psychometric properties and merits use as a suicide risk assessment measure.
Clustering-Based Outlier Detection Method

Outlier detection is important in many fields. The concept about outlier factor of object is extended to the case of cluster. Based on outlier factor of cluster, a clustering-based outlier detection method, named CBOD, is presented. The method consists of two stages, the first stage cluster dataset by one-pass clustering algorithm and second stage determine outlier cluster by outlier factor. The time complexity of CBOD is nearly linear with the size of dataset and the number of attributes, which results in good scalability and adapts to large dataset. The theoretic analysis and the experimental results show that the detection method is effective and practicable.
Elevated Cell Wall Chitin in Candida albicans Confers Echinocandin Resistance In Vivo

ABSTRACT Candida albicans cells with increased cell wall chitin have reduced echinocandin susceptibility in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C. albicans cells with elevated chitin levels have reduced echinocandin susceptibility in vivo. BALB/c mice were infected with C. albicans cells with normal chitin levels and compared to mice infected with high-chitin cells. Caspofungin therapy was initiated at 24 h postinfection. Mice infected with chitin-normal cells were successfully treated with caspofungin, as indicated by reduced kidney fungal burdens, reduced weight loss, and decreased C. albicans density in kidney lesions. In contrast, mice infected with high-chitin C. albicans cells were less susceptible to caspofungin, as they had higher kidney fungal burdens and greater weight loss during early infection. Cells recovered from mouse kidneys at 24 h postinfection with high-chitin cells had 1.6-fold higher chitin levels than cells from mice infected with chitin-normal cells and maintained a significantly reduced susceptibility to caspofungin when tested in vitro. At 48 h postinfection, caspofungin treatment induced a further increase in chitin content of C. albicans cells harvested from kidneys compared to saline treatment. Some of the recovered clones had acquired, at a low frequency, a point mutation in FKS1 resulting in a S645Y amino acid substitution, a mutation known to confer echinocandin resistance. This occurred even in cells that had not been exposed to caspofungin. Our results suggest that the efficacy of caspofungin against C. albicans was reduced in vivo due to either elevation of chitin levels in the cell wall or acquisition of FKS1 point mutations.
The fuzzy front end and success of new product development: a causal model

While managers and researchers agree that the fuzzy front end of new product development (NPD) is critical for project success, the meaning of the term “front‐end fuzziness” remains vague. It is often used broadly to refer to both the exogenous causes and the internal consequences of fuzziness. This imprecise language makes it difficult for managers to separate cause and effect and thus identify specific prescriptive remedies for “fuzziness” problems. The vagueness of the concept and the lack of a framework for defining “front‐end fuzziness” also impede empirical research efforts. Building upon uncertainty theory, we define front‐end fuzziness in terms of environmental uncertainties. Front‐end fuzziness has consequences for a project’s team vision. It reduces the team’s sense of shared purpose and causes unclear project targets and priorities. Describes how foundation elements of a firm’s overall product development program can help project teams cope with front‐end fuzziness.
Different tonotopic regions of the lateral superior olive receive a similar combination of afferent inputs

The mammalian lateral superior olive (LSO) codes disparities in the intensity of the sound that reaches the two ears by integrating ipsilateral excitation and contralateral inhibition, but it remains unclear what particular neuron types convey acoustic information to the nucleus. It is also uncertain whether the known conspicuous morphofunctional differences and gradients along the tonotopic axis of the LSO relate to qualitative and/or quantitative regional differences in its afferents. To clarify these issues, we made small, single injections of the neuroanatomical tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into different tonotopic regions of the LSO of albino rats and analyzed the neurons labeled retrogradely in brainstem auditory nuclei. We demonstrate that the LSO is innervated tonotopically by four brainstem neuron types: spherical bushy cells and planar multipolar neurons of the ipsilateral ventral cochlear nucleus, principal neurons of the ipsilateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, and small multipolar neurons of the contralateral ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body. Unexpectedly, the proportion of labeled neurons of each type was virtually identical in all cases, thus indicating that all tonotopic regions of the LSO receive a similar combination of inputs. Even more surprisingly, our data also suggest that the representation of frequencies in the LSO differs from that of the nuclei that innervate it: compared to the latter nuclei, the LSO seems to possess a relatively larger portion of its volume devoted to processing frequencies in the lower‐middle part of the spectrum, and a relative smaller portion devoted to higher frequencies. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2230–2250, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct Isoforms of Phospholipase A2 Mediate the Ability of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri To Induce the Transepithelial Migration of Neutrophils

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. are responsible for millions of cases of enteric disease each year worldwide. While these pathogens have evolved distinct strategies for interacting with the human intestinal epithelium, they both induce significant proinflammatory responses that result in massive transepithelial migration of neutrophils across the intestinal mucosa. It has previously been shown with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium that the process of neutrophil transmigration is mediated in part by the secretion of hepoxilin A3 (HXA3; 8-hydroxy-11,12-epoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, from the apical surface of infected model intestinal epithelium. This study confirms that HXA3 is also secreted in response to infection by Shigella flexneri, that it is produced by a pathway involving 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), and that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. flexneri share certain elements in the mechanism(s) that underlies the otherwise separate signal transduction pathways that are engaged to induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transepithelial migration (protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, respectively). PMN transepithelial migration in response to infection with S. flexneri was dependent on 12/15-LOX activity, the enzyme responsible for the initial metabolism of arachidonic acid to HXA3. Probing further into this pathway, we also found that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. flexneri activate different subtypes of phospholipase A2, a critical enzyme involved in the liberation of arachidonic acid from cellular membranes. Thus, although S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. flexneri utilize different mechanisms for triggering the induction of PMN transepithelial migration, we found that their reliance on 12/15-LOX is conserved, suggesting that enteric pathogens may ultimately stimulate similar pathways for the synthesis and release of HXA3.
Effect of additives on copper electroplating profile for TSV filling

3D integration with TSVs is emerging as a promising technology for the next generation integrated circuits. TSV filling is a critical process in TSV fabrication and has direct effect on electrical performance of TSVs. In this paper, we mainly focus on effect of additives used in methanesulfonic based solution on copper electroplating filling. Numerical simulation based on an absorption-diffusion model has been carried out with electrochemical data. TSV filling experiment results with different additive concentrations are presented and void-free TSV filling has been achieved.
The interplay between organizational and national cultures: a comparison of organizational practices in Canada and South Korea using the Competing Values Framework

This paper examines the concept of organizational culture using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) in organizations from six different industries in Canada and South Korea. The Competing Values Framework (Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1983; Quinn, 1988) is used to compare organizational cultures of similar firms and their HRM in the two countries. The data reported are from thirty-nine Canadian and forty Korean organizations. The findings show that, even though some aspects of organizational culture are related and can be attributed to the differences between the national cultures (Korean versus Canada), industry and contextual variables do contribute to a significant extent to the perception of organizational culture. In addition, the analysis reported here shows that other organizational aspects that are closely related to organizational culture (organizational climate and leadership) have significant associations with national cultures as well as industry and contextual factors. The aspects of organizational context under study included size, age and ownership of the firms, uncertainty and unpredictability of the environment, organizational support for training and unionization. Implications of the study for cross-national research, and for the use of competing Values Framework are discussed.
The Impact of Knowledge Sharing on Work Performance: An Empirical Analysis of the Public Employees' Perceptions in South Korea

Abstract This article examines the impact of knowledge sharing on individual work performance by analyzing perceptions of 323 public employees in South Korea. An analytical model is drawn from an extensive review of literature on knowledge management and sharing from which nine exogenous variables are identified as antecedents of knowledge sharing that affect individual work performance. The results indicate that four exogenous variables—employee training, reward systems, support from the top management, and openness in communication—are perceived to have a positive influence on employees' knowledge sharing, which, in turn, improved individual work performance. Perceived trustworthiness between individuals involved in knowledge sharing has also positively influenced both knowledge sharing and individual work performance. These results imply that individual work performance may be dependent on the effective use of knowledge sharing.
The NPM Agenda: Back to the Future

The New Public Management agenda for change has been extremely influential. This paper considers future developments in NPM. In this evaluation of the future of NPM it is argued that the complexity of NPM in concept and in practice requires a multi-dimensional consideration of what NPM is and what it will become. In this paper, NPM is explained around three key dimensions: (1) management processes' (2) mechanisms of change, and (3) constraints. Within these three dimensions, nine key elements of NPM implementation are discussed. This paper concludes that the pressures for NPM will not abate. However, its evolution will continue to be severely contested.
Inhalation exposure to jp‐8 jet fuel alters pulmonary function and substance p levels in fischer 344 rats

In a simulated military flightline exposure protocol, Fischer 344 rats (F344) were used to investigate the pulmonary effects of JP‐8 jet fuel inhalation. Exposures were nose only and for 1 h daily. Groups were exposed for 7 days (7D) or 28 days (28D). Each exposure group had a matched longitudinal control group (LC7 and LC28). Exposure concentrations of 520 mg m−3 caused an increase in dynamic compliance after 7 days of exposure, but compliance changes were not seen with continued exposure (28D, 495 mg m−3). Pulmonary resistance was increased in both 7‐ and 28‐day JP‐8‐exposed groups. Changes in pulmonary function were accompanied by a decrease in substance P concentrations from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). No significant change was observed in BALF levels of 6‐keto‐PGF1α, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, which is a marker of endothelial cell function. The JP‐8‐exposed rats gained significantly less weight during the study period than the LC7 and LC28 groups, and the lungs of the 7D group were heavier by wet lung/body weight ratio (WtL/WtB). Alveolar clearance of technetium‐labelled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate ([99mTc]DTPA) was increased in jet fuel‐exposed groups. Light microscopy showed no pathological evidence of lung injury. Recovery from the early pulmonary effects of JP‐8 inhalation occurred with continued exposure, as seen by recovery of pulmonary compliance and WtL/WtB.
Is the urban Indian consumer ready for clothing with eco-labels?

India has witnessed rapid strides of development at sustained growth rates of more than 8% and has seen a huge spurt in consumption. Consequently, it has been estimated that the increased consumption may result in the country becoming one of the leading offenders relating to environmental pollution. The textiles industry in India is traditionally one of the worst offenders of pollution, with its small units following outdated technology processes. One opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of clothing industry in India is to concentrate textile production within environmentally certified or eco-labelled clothing. In the absence of existing research, this study investigates whether the urban Indian population would be interested in clothing with eco-labels. The results suggest the existence of a segment of consumers who are positively motivated towards eco-labelled garments. This segment profile is described in terms of demographic and psychographic variables. Managerial implications and future directions are suggested.
Mapping metals in Parkinson's and normal brain using rapid-scanning x-ray fluorescence

Rapid-scanning x-ray fluorescence (RS-XRF) is a synchrotron technology that maps multiple metals in tissues by employing unique hardware and software to increase scanning speed. RS-XRF was validated by mapping and quantifying iron, zinc and copper in brain slices from Parkinson's disease (PD) and unaffected subjects. Regions and structures in the brain were readily identified by their metal complement and each metal had a unique distribution. Many zinc-rich brain regions were low in iron and vice versa. The location and amount of iron in brain regions known to be affected in PD agreed with analyses using other methods. Sample preparation is simple and standard formalin-fixed autopsy slices are suitable. RS-XRF can simultaneously and non-destructively map and quantify multiple metals and holds great promise to reveal metal pathologies associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases as well as diseases of metal metabolism.
Studies of Vector Competency and Efficiency of North American Fleas for Yersinia pestis: State of the Field and Future Research Needs

ABSTRACT The etiological agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, is most commonly transmitted by the bite of infectious fleas. To date, at least 28 flea species occurring in North America have been experimentally confirmed as vectors of Y. pestis. Transmission efficiency differs among species and also between different studies of a single species. These differences may, however, in large part reflect nonstandardized experimental conditions used during the first half of the 20th century when such studies were conducted in response to the rapid spread of Y. pestis across the western United States after its introduction at the beginning of this century. The majority of these early transmission studies focused on the blocked flea mechanism of transmission, which typically does not occur until >2–3 wk after the flea becomes infected. Recent studies have challenged the paradigm that Y. pestis is usually spread by blocked fleas by demonstrating that numerous flea species, including the oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis, which was the focus of the early classical studies on blocked flea transmission, are capable of “early-phase” transmission during the first few days after becoming infected and before a complete blockage can form. The aims of this review are to 1) summarize Y. pestis vector competency and efficiency studies for fleas occurring in North America, 2) discuss the implications of the results of these studies for our understanding of the dynamics of plague epizootics, 3) demonstrate why older transmission studies need to be repeated using a standardized experimental system, and 4) outline future directions for studies of fleas as vectors of Y. pestis.
Laplacian Echo State Network for Multivariate Time Series Prediction

Echo state network is a novel kind of recurrent neural networks, with a trainable linear readout layer and a large fixed recurrent connected hidden layer, which can be used to map the rich dynamics of complex real-world data sets. It has been extensively studied in time series prediction. However, there may be an ill-posed problem caused by the number of real-world training samples less than the size of the hidden layer. In this brief, a Laplacian echo state network (LAESN), is proposed to overcome the ill-posed problem and obtain low-dimensional output weights. First, an echo state network is used to map the multivariate time series into a large reservoir. Then, assuming that an unknown underlying manifold is inside the reservoir, we employ the Laplacian eigenmaps to estimate the manifold by constructing an adjacency graph associated with the reservoir states. Finally, the output weights are calculated by the low-dimensional manifold. In addition, some criteria of transient stability, local controllability, and local observability are given. Experimental results based on two real-world data sets substantiate the effectiveness and characteristics of the proposed LAESN model.
Auditor fees and audit quality

Purpose - The paper aims to examine the relation between fees paid to auditors and audit quality during the period of 2000-2003. Design/methodology/approach - The paper constructs a measure of auditor profitability that is used as a proxy for auditor independence. The methodology is grounded in the notion that auditor independence is influenced by effort and risk-adjusted fees, rather than the level of fees received from clients. Since, risk and effort are unobservable, the paper uses proxies based on client size, complexity and risk to estimate abnormal fees. Abnormal fees are derived using a fee estimation model drawn from prior literature. The paper employs two metrics to assess audit quality – the standard deviation of residuals from regressions relating current accruals to cash flows and the absolute value of performance-adjusted discretionary accruals. Findings - The paper documents a statistically significant negative association between total fees and both audit quality proxies over all years. These findings are robust to a variety of additional tests and several alternative design specifications. The results (pre- and post-SOX) are consistent with economic bonding being a determinant of auditor behavior rather than auditor reputational concerns. Research limitations/implications - The possibility that the empirical tests do not completely capture the impact of unobserved risk cannot be ruled out, though the paper attempts to do so by employing alternative specifications and sensitivity tests. Practical implications - Policy makers should note that current restrictions on the provision of non-audit services may not sufficiently resolve the issue of economic bonding and its impact on auditor independence. Originality/value - In contrast to previous studies whose results are ambiguous, the paper finds a statistically significant positive association between several measures of total fees (it uses size-adjusted and abnormal fees) and two metrics of accruals quality in all years (2000-2003), consistent with economic bonding being a determinant of auditor behavior rather then auditor reputation concerns.
Linear Mixture Analysis for Hyperspectral Imagery in the Presence of Less Prevalent Materials

Endmember extraction is an important and challenging step to solve the spectral unmixing problem. Most existing endmember extraction algorithms (EEAs) usually find image pixels as endmembers assuming the presence of pure pixels in an image scene or generate virtual endmembers without pure-pixel assumption. When some prevalent materials have pure-pixel representation and pure pixels of other less prevalent materials are absent in the image, it would be more appropriate to extract the endmembers of both prevalent and less prevalent materials, respectively. Therefore, a novel two-stage EEA is presented in this paper. In the first stage, conventional pure-pixel-based EEAs are applied to generate a candidate pixel set, and then spatial information of the candidate pixels is exploited to determine the endmembers of prevalent materials. In the second stage, given known endmembers of prevalent materials, a modified algorithm based on nonnegative matrix factorization is performed to generate the endmembers of less prevalent materials. The validity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by experiments based on synthetic mixtures and a real image scene.