Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cocaine Interaction with Dopamine Transporter in the Prefrontal Cortex and Beyond

Although the relevant research investment in understanding the mechanism of action of cocaine and its role in altering brain circuits and behaviour, an efficacious therapy for cocaine addiction has not been found yet. Failure in finding suitable pharmacological tools to prevent abuse or to treat cocaine addiction is probably due to the complexity of its interaction with brain circuits that are involved in the process of the decision formation. Thus, cocaine use, dependence, abuse and addiction are still a relevant health, social, and economical problem.
and Terry 3 Assessing the Effectiveness of Virtual Learning in a Graduate Course in Computer Information Systems

This paper presents empirical results concerning the effectiveness of campus, online, and hybrid (mix of campus and online) instruction in computer information systems. The sample consists of graduate students enrolled in a core MBA course at a regional university. Assessment of enrollment, attrition, grade distribution, faculty evaluation, and course evaluation across the various instruction modes is presented. Holding constant ability, effort, and demographic considerations, students enrolled in the online course scored over two percent lower on the final exam than campus students and six percent lower than hybrid students. There is not a statistically significant difference between student performance on the final exam between campus and online modes, although the hybrid mode of instructions that combines campus and online is shown to be the most effective mode.
Thiolase Involved in Bile Acid Formation 1

Masanori Bun-ya,* Motohiro Maebuchi,* Tatsuyuki Kamiryo,* Takao Kurosawa,•õ Masahiro Sato,•õ Masahiko Tohma,•õ Ling Ling Jiang,•ö and Takashi Hashimoto&•2 *Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521; T Faculty of Pharmaccccccal Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293; and Department of Biochemistry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621
Novel Flexible and Cost-Effective Retention Assessment Method for TMO-Based RRAM

In this letter, we propose a novel single-cell, cycle-to-cycle based retention testing method, enabling fast statistical retention assessment on oxide-based resistive random access memory (RRAM). Detailed comparison between cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device retention testing methods is made on TiN/HfO2/Hf stack showing excellent agreement in terms of failure rate and extracted activation energy. Due to the unique properties of filamentary RRAM, this new retention testing method allows fast and cost effective retention benchmarking of different material stacks and is particularly versed in the study of the impact of programming algorithms.
Title Jensen ’ s Inequality and the Impact of Short-term EnvironmentalVariability on Long-term Population Growth Rates

It is well established in theory that short-term environmental fluctuations could affect the long-term growth rates of wildlife populations, but this theory has rarely been tested and there remains little empirical evidence that the effect is actually important in practice. Here we develop models to quantify the effects of daily, seasonal, and yearly temperature fluctuations on the average population growth rates, and we apply them to long-term data on the endangered Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor); an endothermic species whose population growth rates follow a concave relationship with temperature. We demonstrate for the first time that the current levels of temperature variability, particularly seasonal variability, are already large enough to substantially reduce long-term population growth rates. As the climate changes, our results highlight the importance of considering the ecological effects of climate variability and not just average conditions.
Translating Into Understanding

This mixed-method study assessed the nature of language brokering and the relationship between language brokering and prosocial capacities in a sample of 139 college students from ethnically diverse immigrant families. The prosocial capacities of interest were empathic concern and two forms of perspective-taking: general perspective-taking (understanding the perspectives of others) and transcultural perspective-taking (understanding of divergent cultural values). As predicted, structural equation modeling identified a significant pathway from language brokering for parents to skill in transcultural perspective-taking. We illustrated this pathway with a qualitative case study. We also identified a significant bidirectional relationship between language brokering for others (e.g., other relatives, friends) and empathic concern. The experience of language brokering for others develops empathic concern; at the same time, those with higher levels of empathic concern broker more for people outside their immediate families.
Review of “ The genesis of Typhoon Nuri as observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 ( TCS 08 ) field experiment Part 2 : Observations of the convective environment ” by

This paper follows up on the authors’ results for tropical cyclogenesis in the PREDICT project by performing the same analysis on the development of Typhoon Nuri, which was observed during TPARC/TCS08. In this paper they concentrate on a comparison of the thermodynamic environments for the first two Nuri case studies, referred to as Nuri1 and Nuri2. In a nutshell they found that the averaged environmental sounding moistened at middle levels between Nuri1 and Nuri2, warmed by about 1 K in the upper troposphere, but did not change much in the lower troposphere. These results are consistent with our 3D-Var analyses of Nuri1 and Nuri2 (see figure 1), though we see slightly greater changes in the virtual temperature profile, due probably to our slightly smaller averaging area. The paper is well written, and I recommend acceptance subject to minor revision with one caveat, which is presented below.
Atrogin-1 Deficiency Leads to Myopathy and Heart Failure in Zebrafish

Orchestrated protein synthesis and degradation is fundamental for proper cell function. In muscle, impairment of proteostasis often leads to severe cellular defects finally interfering with contractile function. Here, we analyze for the first time the role of Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase known to be involved in the regulation of protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome and the autophagy/lysosome systems, in the in vivo model system zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that targeted inactivation of zebrafish Atrogin-1 leads to progressive impairment of heart and skeletal muscle function and disruption of muscle structure without affecting early cardiogenesis and skeletal muscle development. Autophagy is severely impaired in Atrogin-1-deficient zebrafish embryos resulting in the disturbance of the cytoarchitecture of cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. These observations are consistent with molecular and ultrastructural findings in an Atrogin-1 knockout mouse and demonstrate that the zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate model to study the molecular mechanisms of Atrogin-1-mediated autophagic muscle pathologies and to screen for novel therapeutically active substances in high-throughput in vivo small compound screens (SCS).
Communicative F0 generation based on impressions

This paper introduces our research efforts of prosody control for so-called paralinguistic information embedded in communicative speech. To specify the output prosody, we employ three-dimensional expressions extracted from 26 impressions using Multi-Dimensional Scaling. Based on a series of our previous studies showing the correlations between impressions and prosody characteristics, we propose an exact computational scheme to obtain communicative F0 using impressions given by input lexicons and the F0 pattern of corresponding reading style speech. Experimental trials have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed calculation scheme for a set of expressions consisting of lexicons forming impressions. Finally, further advanced problems are discussed to apply the proposed scheme to other expressions.
Effect of School System and Gender on Moral Values and Forgiveness in Pakistani School Children.

The present research was conducted to compare children studying in private and public schools in Pakistan on forgiveness and moral values. It was hypothesized that the type of school and gender of the child are likely to affect forgiveness and moral values in children. A sample of 100 children with equal number of girls and boys was recruited from private and public schools of Lahore, Pakistan. Tendency to Forgive scale (Brown, 2003), Attitude towards Forgiveness (Berry et al., 2001) and the Moral Development Measure (Ziv, 1976) were used for assessment. Analysis revealed that type of school and gender only showed main effects on moral values and forgiveness. Children from private school and girls had higher tendency to forgive, had better attitude towards forgiveness and high morality as compared to public school children. Findings have important implications for public sector school systems with regard to their role in moral development of children in Pakistan.
The Effect of Working Capital, Liquidity, and Leverage on Profitability: Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2012-2016

This study to determine the effect of working capital, liquidity and leverage on the profitability. The research sample consisted of 54 companies through purpose sampling. Research data is taken from published financial statements. Panel data process using the EViews 10 application. Panel data analysis was carried out root test and regression model selection through chow test, hausman test, and lagrange multiplier test. The results of the study show that working capital, liquidity and leverage have an influence on the profitability of manufacturing companies. Working capital has a significant positive effect on profitability, liquidity has no effect on profitability, and leverage has a significant negative effect on profitability.
Consumers’ Preferences and Derived Willingness-to-Pay for Water Supply Safety Improvement: The Analysis of Pricing and Incentive Strategies

With increasing water supply accidents and higher water demand, urban water supply safety (WSS) remains a crucial public policy issue in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) and their preferences to improve WSS in China, to support governments in water regulation policy design and water providers in investment-decisions. A discrete choice experiment method with the consideration of not only attributes of WSS but also attitudinal and demographic variables have been adopted to assess consumers’ WTP and preferences for WSS improvement. The results show that Chinese urban residents are willing to pay a significantly higher price for improved WSS. Demonstrated marginal mean WTP for the change of the attributes range from 0.18 RMB/m3 (0.03 USD/m3) (1 RMB was around 0.154 USD in 2016) for decreased water supply interruption to 2.33 Yuan RMB/m3 (0.35 USD/m3) for improved drinking water quality. Investments in water processing facilities and water distribution networks should come first. Cross-subsidy concerning different developing districts is the most efficient policy instrument. The study contributes to the recent literature not only by introducing attitudinal variables in choice experiment survey in water supply field, but also by revealing the correlation of choice modeling applications in WSS improvement programs.
Contribution of antigen-presenting cell major histocompatibility complex gene products to the specificity of antigen-induced T cell activation

Previous studies from our laboratory showed that B 10.A mice are high responders to pigeon cytochrome c fragment 81-104, whereas’B 10.A(5R) mice are low responders. In the present studies, the C-terminal cyanogen bromide cleavage fragment and homologous synthetic peptides of tobacco horn worm moth cytochrome c were shown to be immunogenic in both B10.A and B10.A(5R) mice. These strains, however, showed different patterns of cross-reactivity when immune lymph node T cells were stimulated with cytochrome c fragments from other species. To examine the two patterns of responsiveness at a clonal level, cytochrome c fragment-specific T cell hybridomas were made and found to secrete interleukin 2 in response to antigen. The patterns of cross- reactivity of these B 10.A and B 10.A(5R) clones were similar to that seen in the whole lymph node population. Surprisingly, when these clones were tested for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted antigen recognition, they were all found to respond to antigen with both B10.A and B10.A(5R) antigen-presenting cells (APC). Furthermore, the cross-reactivity pattern appeared to be largely determined by the genotype of the APC, not the genotype of the T cell clone. That is, a given T cell clone displayed a different fine specificity when assayed with B10.A or B10.A(5R) APC. This observation indicates that the APC MHC gene product and antigen interact during the stimulation of the T cell response and that as a consequence the specificity of antigen-induced T cell activation is influenced by these MHC gene products. (During the preparation of this manuscript it has come to our attention that results similar to our own, concerning the fine specificity of cytotoxic T cell clones, have been obtained by Dr. T. R. Hunig and Dr. M. J. Bevan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA. T. R. Hunig and M. J. Bevan. 1981. Specificity of T-cell clones illustrates altered self hypothesis. Nature. 294:460.)
Simple forecasts of bank loan quality in the business cycle

Experience from models such as SEER suggests that bank financial condition predict bank failures. However, it has been difficult to find a relationship between macroeconomic variables and bank failures. This paper shows ways in which simple time-series techniques can be used to forecast financial conditions of banks. The models include macroeconomic variables in order to consider systemic cyclical factors in forecasting. In addition, analysis of regression residuals is used to obtain relatively early warnings of unusual performance. ; The empirical result suggest that a limited number of regional and national macroeconomic variables are often good predictors for problem-loan ratios, and that simple, bivariate VAR systems of one bank variable, one macroeconomic variable, and seasonal dummies can be quite effective. These variables include bankruptcy filings, farm income (particularly for states where farming has important role), state annual product, housing permits, and unemployment. Analysis of the residuals is shown to be an interesting tool to detect unexpected changes in past-due loans. Impulse-response functions are a result of VAR estimation, which can be used for scenario analysis.
Myocardial Restoration: Is It the Cell or the Architecture or Both?

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Cardiac cell therapy has been introduced to clinical trials for more than ten years but its results are still controversial. Tissue engineering has addressed some limitations of cell therapy and appears to be a promising solution for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we would like to summarize the current understanding about the therapeutic effect of cell therapy and tissue engineering under purview of functional and structural aspects, highlighting actual roles of each therapy towards clinical application.
Melatonin and Testicular Damage in Busulfan Treated Mice

Background: Advancement in the treatment of various types of cancer has led to greater patient survival. These treatments essentially have toxic effects on different kinds of cells, such as germ cells. Infertility as one of the side effects of cancer treatment has changed the quality of life of young cancer survivors dramatically. Melatonin is an antioxidant with receptors in the reproductive systems. Objectives: We supposed that melatonin, as an antioxidant, may protect testis against the toxic effects of the drugs. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three groups with seven mice each, were allocated. The control group received normal saline for two months, and the busulfan group received a single dose of 40 mg/kg busulfan intra-peritoneally, and the melatonin group received 20 mg/kg melatonin daily for two months, 45 days after a single dose of busulfan. Next, after decapitation and removal of the testis, tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution and stained by H&E and TUNEL. The sections were evaluated, assessing morphology and spermatogenesis. Results: In this research, a significant reduction in Johnson’s criteria in the busulfan group (Mean rank = 15.50) was found versus the control group (Mean rank = 45.50), P < 0.001 and in the melatonin group (Mean rank = 45.50) compared to the busulfan group (Mean rank = 15.50), P < 0.001. There was a significant difference between the melatonin and control groups, P < 0.05. In addition, a significant decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter was observed in the busulfan group (763.2 ± 104.41) versus the control group (855.4 ± 52.35), P < 0.01 and melatonin group (834.2 ± 87.26), P < 0.05. Testicular epithelium height was significantly decreased in the busulfan group (Mean rank = 14.60) compared to the control group (Mean rank = 26.40), P < 0.01 and in the busulfan group (Mean rank = 14.95) in comparison with the melatonin group (Mean rank = 26.05), P < 0.01. Also melatonin group (Mean rank = 25.42) showed a significant reduction in epithelium height compared to the control group (Mean rank = 35.58), P < 0.05. Spermatogenesis was impaired in the busulfan group. Although melatonin reduced the rate of apoptosis in the busulfan group, yet it could not remove all apoptotic cells. Conclusions: This study indicated that melatonin ameliorates the cytotoxic effects of busulfan on germ cells.
The Impact of Entry Mode on Outward Knowledge Transfer in MNCs : International Greenfield Investments and Acquisitions

Despite of the acknowledged individual importance of both entry mode and knowledge transfer, the interaction between these two issues has rarely been studied. In this paper we set out to examine the impact of entry mode, i.e. greenfield investments and acquisitions, on outward knowledge transfer from a subsidiary unit to other parts of the MNC. Additionally, we explore the impact of time elapsed on outward knowledge transfer. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 159 western majority owned subsidiaries located in Finland and China. The results of our study suggest that outward knowledge transfer is greater in subsidiaries established through acquisition than through greenfield investment. We also find that outward knowledge transfer increases with time both in acquisitions and greenfield investments although the underlying reasons for the increase are likely to differ across entry modes.
DC-Link Harmonics of Three-Phase Voltage-Source Converters Influenced by the Pulsewidth-Modulation Strategy—An Analysis

DC-link current harmonics are the predominant factor to be considered for dimensioning dc capacitors in three-phase pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) voltage-source converters. In this paper, an analysis of the dc-link current harmonics applying a double Fourier series is derived. The analytical results for the dc-link current spectra of continuous and discontinuous PWMs are presented and compared with measurement results taken from a converter test setup. A good match between theoretically expected and actually obtained experimental results can be stated. Moreover, characteristic differences between the investigated modulation strategies regarding their dc-link current spectra become evident.
Survival of Long-Lived Plasma Cells (LLPC): Piecing Together the Puzzle

Durable humoral immunity is dependent upon the generation of antigen-specific antibody titers, produced by non-proliferating bone marrow resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Longevity is the hallmark of LLPC, but why and how they survive and function for years after antigen exposure is only beginning to be understood. LLPC are not intrinsically long-lived; they require continuous signals from the LLPC niche to survive. Signals unique to LLPC survival (vs. PC survival in general) most notably include those that upregulate the anti-apoptotic factor Mcl-1 and activation of the CD28 receptor expressed on LLPC. Other potential factors include expression of BCMA, upregulation of the transcription factor ZBTB20, and upregulation of the enzyme ENPP1. Metabolic fitness is another key component of LLPC longevity, facilitating the diversion of glucose to generate pyruvate during times of stress to facilitate long term survival. A third major component of LLPC survival is the microenvironment/LLPC niche itself. Cellular partners such as stromal cells, dendritic cells, and T regulatory cells establish a niche for LLPC and drive survival signaling by expressing ligands such as CD80/CD86 for CD28 and producing soluble and stromal factors that contribute to LLPC longevity. These findings have led to the current paradigm wherein both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are required for the survival of LLPC. Here we outline this diverse network of signals and highlight the mechanisms thought to regulate and promote the survival of LLPC. Understanding this network of signals has direct implications in increasing our basic understanding of plasma cell biology, but also in vaccine and therapeutic drug development to address the pathologies that can arise from this subset.
Sleep in adolescence: a review of issues for nursing practice.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to explore the literature to determine what is known about adolescent sleep, the causes and consequences of disturbed sleep in adolescence and the implications this has for nursing practice. BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are relatively common in young people. Disturbed sleep can be both a cause and a result of ill health and if recognised can indicate psychosocial, psychological or physical difficulties. DESIGN Literature review. METHODS Searching of key electronic databases. RESULTS Disturbed sleep in adolescents has several potential consequences, including daytime sleepiness, reduced academic performance and substance use/abuse. However, despite its significance and frequency, sleep disturbance is an area of adolescent health that is almost entirely unaddressed within the nursing literature. CONCLUSION Nursing has a role to play in assisting adolescents and their families to recognise the importance of sleep to the general health and well-being of young people. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE There is a need for nursing to develop tools to assess sleep in adolescent clients and non-pharmaceutical interventions to assist adolescents achieve optimum sleep and rest. Nurses may also contribute to educating adolescents and their families regarding the importance of good sleep hygiene.