Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surviving critical illness: Acute respiratory distress syndrome as experienced by patients and their caregivers

Objective: To characterize the effects of critical illness in the daily lives and functioning of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. Survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a systemic critical illness, often report poor quality of life based on responses to standardized questionnaires. However, the experiences of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors have not been reported. Design: We conducted semistructured interviews with 23 acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors and 24 caregivers 3 to 9 mos after intensive care unit admission, stopping enrollment after thematic saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed, using Colaizzi's qualitative methodology, to identify significant ways in which survivors' critical illness experience impacted their lives. Setting: Medical and surgical intensive care units of an academic medical center and a community hospital. Patients: We recruited consecutively 31 acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors and their informal caregivers. Eight patients died before completing interviews. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Participants related five key elements of experience as survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome: 1) pervasive memories of critical care; 2) day‐to‐day impact of new disability; 3) critical illness defining the sense of self; 4) relationship strain and change; and 5) ability to cope with disability. Survivors described remarkable disability that persisted for months. Caregivers' interviews revealed substantial strain from caregiving responsibilities as well as frequent symptom minimization by patients. Conclusions: The diverse and unique experiences of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors reflect the global impact of severe critical illness. We have identified symptom domains important to acute respiratory distress syndrome patients who are not well represented in existing health outcomes measures. These insights may aid the development of targeted interventions to enhance recovery and return of function after acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Predictors of sexual scripts among young, sexually-active, substance-using African American women

Background: The HIV epidemic in the US continues to disproportionately affect the health of young, African American women. The focus here is on predictors of sexual scripts, which are roadmaps to sexual decision making. The objective is to examine life experiences, normative beliefs and cultural predictors of sexual scripts that place young, sexually-active, substance-using, African American women (YSSAAW), a population with significant vulnerability to HIV, at even greater risk of becoming HIV positive. Methods: Face-to-face, tablet-assisted, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 YSSAAW in a private or public emergency department in Houston, TX, USA. Interviews were professionally transcribed, then coded by a trained 3-member coding team. One interview was used to create the codebook. Codes were organized into primary themes during face-to-face meetings. Inter-coder reliability was assessed and confirmed using Cohen's Kappa statistics, demonstrating a nearly perfect agreement between coders 1 and 2 (K=0.93). Results: Three primary themes were described as predictors of sexual scripts: emotional wounds, norms and decision making. Prevalent codes among YSSAAW within the emotional wounds theme included infidelity (43.33%) and parental dynamics (56.67%). Under the norms theme, we found 66.7% of YSSAAW discussed their communication norms and 30% disclosed cultural norms. Within the sexual decision making theme, we gained relevant information and implications on relationship longevity and having an STI history among 46.67% of the sample. Conclusion: Primary predictors of high risk sex revealed sexual scripts that demonstrated gender-based power differentials; thereby, supporting utility of a theoretical framework that includes the Sexual Script Theory and the Theory of Gender and Power. The logic model illustrates how emotional wounds from life experiences (i.e., trauma, abuse, abandonment) and socially acceptable norms establishes the sexual script of YSSAAW; whereby, high risk sex is the most likely outcome relative to prevention strategies.
Model-driven physiological assessment of the mitral valve from 4D TEE

Disorders of the mitral valve are second most frequent, cumulating 14 percent of total number of deaths caused by Valvular Heart Disease each year in the United States and require elaborate clinical management. Visual and quantitative evaluation of the valve is an important step in the clinical workflow according to experts as knowledge about mitral morphology and dynamics is crucial for interventional planning. Traditionally this involves examination and metric analysis of 2D images comprising potential errors being intrinsic to the method. Recent commercial solutions are limited to specific anatomic components, pathologies and a single phase of cardiac 4D acquisitions only. This paper introduces a novel approach for morphological and functional quantification of the mitral valve based on a 4D model estimated from ultrasound data. A physiological model of the mitral valve, covering the complete anatomy and eventual shape variations, is generated utilizing parametric spline surfaces constrained by topological and geometrical prior knowledge. The 4D model's parameters are estimated for each patient using the latest discriminative learning and incremental searching techniques. Precise evaluation of the anatomy using model-based dynamic measurements and advanced visualization are enabled through the proposed approach in a reliable, repeatable and reproducible manner. The efficiency and accuracy of the method is demonstrated through experiments and an initial validation based on clinical research results. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time such a patient specific 4D mitral valve model is proposed, covering all of the relevant anatomies and enabling to model the common pathologies at once.
EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS TO NONLOCAL KIRCHHOFF EQUATIONS OF ELLIPTIC TYPE VIA GENUS THEORY

In this article, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions to the nonlocal Kirchhoff fractional equation “ a+ b Z R2N |u(x)− u(y)|K(x− y) dx dy ” (−∆)u− λu = f(x, u(x)) in Ω, u = 0 in R \ Ω, where a, b > 0 are constants, (−∆)s is the fractional Laplace operator, s ∈ (0, 1) is a fixed real number, λ is a real parameter and Ω is an open bounded subset of RN , N > 2s, with Lipschitz boundary, f : Ω×R→ R is a continuous function. The proofs rely essentially on the genus properties in critical point theory.
The Early Postnatal Nonhuman Primate Neocortex Contains Self-Renewing Multipotent Neural Progenitor Cells

The postnatal neocortex has traditionally been considered a non-neurogenic region, under non-pathological conditions. A few studies suggest, however, that a small subpopulation of neural cells born during postnatal life can differentiate into neurons that take up residence within the neocortex, implying that postnatal neurogenesis could occur in this region, albeit at a low level. Evidence to support this hypothesis remains controversial while the source of putative neural progenitors responsible for generating new neurons in the postnatal neocortex is unknown. Here we report the identification of self-renewing multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from the postnatal day 14 (PD14) marmoset monkey primary visual cortex (V1, striate cortex). While neuronal maturation within V1 is well advanced by PD14, we observed cells throughout this region that co-expressed Sox2 and Ki67, defining a population of resident proliferating progenitor cells. When cultured at low density in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), dissociated V1 tissue gave rise to multipotent neurospheres that exhibited the ability to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. While the capacity to generate neurones and oligodendrocytes was not observed beyond the third passage, astrocyte-restricted neurospheres could be maintained for up to 6 passages. This study provides the first direct evidence for the existence of multipotent NPCs within the postnatal neocortex of the nonhuman primate. The potential contribution of neocortical NPCs to neural repair following injury raises exciting new possibilities for the field of regenerative medicine.
Exploration on Teachers' Cognition in College English Teaching Innovation and Change:A Case Study

Teachers' cognition research has become a new paradigm in teachers' research.It is teachers who are decisive in the process of carrying out top-down curriculum innovation and change,including the application of modern information technology.This paper attempts to explore the relationship between teachers' cognition and their decision in practices,including IT-based instruction,in the hope of shedding light on the dynamic nature of teachers' pedagogical innovation and change which has not been much explored before.
Negative Relationship Behavior Is More Important Than Positive: Correlates of Outcomes During Stressful Life Events

When people who are married or cohabiting face stressful life situations, their ability to cope may be associated with two separate dimensions of interpersonal behavior: positive and negative. These behaviors can be assessed with the Couple Resilience Inventory (CRI). It was expected that scales on this instrument would correlate with outcome variables regarding life well-being, stress, and relationship satisfaction. It was also expected that effects for negative behavior would be larger than effects for positive and that the effects might be curvilinear. Study 1 included 325 married or cohabiting people currently experiencing nonmedical major life stressors and Study 2 included 154 married or cohabiting people with current, serious medical conditions. All participants completed an online questionnaire including the CRI along with an alternate measure of couple behavior (to confirm scale validity), a measure of general coping style (to serve as a covariate), and measures of outcome variables regarding well-being, quality of life, perceived stress, and relationship satisfaction. The effects for negative behavior were larger than effects for positive in predicting most outcomes, and many effects were curvilinear. Notably, results remained significant after controlling for general coping style, and scales measuring positive and negative behavior demonstrated comparable levels of validity.
“Heal the World”: A field experiment on the effects of music with prosocial lyrics on prosocial behavior

A significant amount of existing research has dealt with the negative effects of music on people’s behavior, but only a few studies have shown that music with prosocial lyrics can increase prosocial behavior. This study focuses on the positive effects of music with prosocial lyrics on people in an everyday setting. Based on the general learning model, a field experiment (N = 256, 66% female) was conducted to test whether people exposed to music with prosocial lyrics engaged in more prosocial behavior by buying more fair trade products compared to regular products than did those exposed to songs with neutral lyrics. Guests of a café were randomly assigned to either the prosocial or the neutral music condition and were monitored by two observers who were instructed to report the prosocial purchase (of fair trade coffee) and tipping behavior of the guests. The results indicated that there is a significant positive association between prosocial behavior and the prosocial lyrics of the songs played. The study shows that it is most likely that music with prosocial lyrics can influence one’s prosocial purchase behavior in an everyday situation. The underlying mechanisms are still poorly researched, but these findings support the theoretical assumptions.
Comparison of Area 17 Cellular Composition in Laboratory and Wild-Caught Rats Including Diurnal and Nocturnal Species

In this study we examine the size of primary sensory areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the primary sensory areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in primary sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and sensory morphology.
Impact of Multiple Antimicrobial Interventions on Ground Beef Quality

Multiple antimicrobial intervention strategies are employed in beef manufacturing, and some may impact quality and palatability of ground beef patties. Combinations of antimicrobial treatments – hot water (at least 82 °C), lactic acid (4.0 to 5.0%), acidified sodium chlorite (pH of 2.7 to 2.8) and Beefxide (lactic/citric acid mixture; up to 2.5%) – were applied to hot or chilled carcasses and trimmings before manufacturing ground beef patties, which were designated for color evaluation, consumer panel, or trained panel evaluation. Few significant changes were seen in color space values for each treatment combination. Consumer scores for overall liking, flavor liking, and beefy flavor liking were impacted (P < 0.05) by combined antimicrobial treatment effects. Trained panelists detected 18 out of 33 attributes with only scores for fat-like (P = 0.0391) and cardboardy (P < 0.0001) being impacted by treatments. No clear trends were related to any single or combined antimicrobial treatment, and findings support that these food safety interventions have minimal negative impacts on beef patty quality.
Effect of an electronic medication reconciliation application and process redesign on potential adverse drug events: a cluster-randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Medication reconciliation at transitions in care is a national patient safety goal, but its effects on important patient outcomes require further evaluation. We sought to measure the impact of an information technology-based medication reconciliation intervention on medication discrepancies with potential for harm (potential adverse drug events [PADEs]). METHODS We performed a controlled trial, randomized by medical team, on general medical inpatient units at 2 academic hospitals from May to June 2006. We enrolled 322 patients admitted to 14 medical teams, for whom a medication history could be obtained before discharge. The intervention was a computerized medication reconciliation tool and process redesign involving physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. The main outcome was unintentional discrepancies between preadmission medications and admission or discharge medications that had potential for harm (PADEs). RESULTS Among 160 control patients, there were 230 PADEs (1.44 per patient), while among 162 intervention patients there were 170 PADEs (1.05 per patient) (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.99). A significant benefit was found at hospital 1 (ARR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.97) but not at hospital 2 (ARR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.57-1.32) (P = .32 for test of effect modification). Hospitals differed in the extent of integration of the medication reconciliation tool into computerized provider order entry applications at discharge. CONCLUSIONS A computerized medication reconciliation tool and process redesign were associated with a decrease in unintentional medication discrepancies with potential for patient harm. Software integration issues are likely important for successful implementation of computerized medication reconciliation tools.
Prognostic Significance of Troponin Elevation for Long-Term Mortality after Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose Troponin, a marker of myocardial injury, frequently increases and is related with poor outcome in ischemic stroke patients. However, the long-term outcome of this elevation remains uncertain. We, therefore, investigated the prognostic significance of troponin elevation for long-term mortality, and explored factors affecting troponin elevation after ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of stroke patients who were admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset and underwent a serum cardiac troponin I test at admission during a five-year period. Information on mortality as the outcome was obtained from the National Death Certificate system. Results A total of 1,692 patients were eligible for inclusion with 33 months of median follow-up. Troponin elevation that exceeded the 99th percentile (>0.04 ng/mL) of values was detected in 166 patients (9.8%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, troponin elevation was associated with previous ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure, comorbid atrial fibrillation and active cancer, and increased National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Patients with troponin elevation had a high risk of overall death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–2.40), including stroke-related (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.14–2.55), cardiac-related (HR 3.17, 95% CI 1.49–6.74), and cancer-related (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.14–3.45) death than those without troponin elevation. Conclusions Troponin elevation in the acute stage of ischemic stroke was associated with long-term mortality, mainly due to increased stroke- and cancer-related death in the first year and cardiacrelated death in the later period.
Investigating the sets of values that community members hold toward local nature centers

Abstract While nature center’s missions often point to connecting people to nature in various ways, their potential to provide a broader array of services to their communities remains largely unexplored. To better understand the values local community members hold for nature centers, we conducted survey research around 16 centers in the United States. Exploratory factor analysis identified four underlying values: environmental connection, leisure provision, community resilience, and civic engagement. Our limited sample of community respondents felt these values to be important and well-provided by local centers, suggesting centers may play broader roles in communities than inferred from their mission statements. The identification of these distinct value sets provides centers with food for thought regarding not only the services they provide, but also how they might communicate their roles to various constituencies in their communities. The values also provide clear conceptual categories for future research on the values of diverse community institutions.
Testing the Efficacy of Part-of-Speech Information in Word Completion

We investigate the effect of incorporating syntactic information into a word-completion algorithm. We introduce two new algorithms that combine part-of-speech tag trigrams with word bigrams, and evaluate them with a test-bench constructed for the purpose. The results show a small but statistically significant improvement in keystroke savings for one of our algorithms over baselines that use only word n-grams.
Being left-behind, mental disorder, and elderly suicide in rural China: a case–control psychological autopsy study

Abstract Background Suicide rate among rural elderly is the highest among all age groups in China, yet little is known about the suicide risks in this rapidly growing vulnerable population. Methods This matched case–control psychological autopsy study was conducted during June 2014 to September 2015. Consecutive samples of suicides aged 60 or above were identified in three provinces (Shandong, Hunan, and Guangxi) in China. Living comparisons were 1:1 matched with the suicides in age (±3 years old), gender, and living location. Risk factors included demographic characteristics, being left-behind, mental disorder, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, and social support. Results A total of 242 suicides and 242 comparisons were enrolled: 135 (55.8%) were male, mean (s.d.) age was 74 (8) years. The most frequently used suicide means were pesticides (125, 51.7%) and hanging (95, 39.3%). Independent risks of suicide included unstable marital status [odds ratio (OR) 4.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–10.92], unemployed (compared with employed, OR 4.43, 95% CI 1.09–17.95), depressive symptoms (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21–1.48), and mental disorder (OR 6.28, 95% CI 1.75–22.54). Structural equation model indicated that the association between being left-behind and suicide was mediated by mental disorder, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, and social support. Conclusions Unstable marital status, unemployed, depressive symptoms, and mental disorder are independent risk factors for suicide in rural elderly. Being left-behind can elevate the suicide risk through increasing life stresses, depressive symptoms, mental disorder, and decreasing social support. Elderly suicide may be prevented by restricting pesticides, training rural physicians, treating mental disorders, mitigating life stress, and enhancing social connection.
Intake of calcium contained in milk and dairy products in diets of children and teenagers in Poland in view of other European countries

Background. In many European countries a trend to eliminate milk and dairy products from everyday diet may be observed with increasing frequency. Elimination of milk and dairy products from the diet is connected with a reduced supply of calcium required for normal growth and development in children and adolescents Material and methods. The aim of the study was to assess calcium intake related with the consumption of milk and dairy products by children and adolescents aged 10-18 years in Europe, particularly Poland. Respondents came from families of a good socioeconomic position, were aware of principles of rational nutrition and could freely consume dairy products. Results. Based on conducted investigations it was found that calcium intake by respondents in Poland was 297.2 mg/day, at a European mean of 493.6 mg/day (575.2 mg/day/person ♂, 411.9 mg/day/person ♀). Calcium supply in individual countries is not correlated with the amount of consumed milk and dairy products. The biggest amounts of milk and dairy products are consumed by children and adolescents in Croatia (1396.2 g day/person), while the lowest in Germany (378.5 g/day/person). In Poland the consumption of milk and dairy products is 413.5 g/day/person. Conclusions. Conducted investigations showed a very low calcium intake in examined children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. These levels are too low, as they account for 38% daily calcium allowance recommended by WHO/FAO for this age group, amounting to 1300 mg/day/person.