Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective factors for child development at age 2 in the presence of poor maternal mental health: results from the All Our Babies (AOB) pregnancy cohort

Objective To identify the combination of factors most protective of developmental delay at age 2 among children exposed to poor maternal mental health. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Pregnant women were recruited from primary healthcare offices, the public health laboratory service and community posters in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Participants 1596 mother–child dyads who participated in the All Our Babies study and who completed a follow-up questionnaire when their child was 2 years old. Among participants who completed the 2-year questionnaire and had complete mental health data (n=1146), 305 women (27%) were classified as high maternal mental health risk. Primary measures Child development at age 2 was described and a resilience analysis was performed among a subgroup of families at maternal mental health risk. The primary outcome was child development problems. Protective factors were identified among families at risk, defined as maternal mental health risk, a composite measure created from participants’ responses to mental health life course questions and standardised mental health measures. Results At age 2, 18% of children were classified as having development problems, 15% with behavioural problems and 13% with delayed social–emotional competencies. Among children living in a family with maternal mental health risk, protective factors against development problems included higher social support, higher optimism, more relationship happiness, less difficulty balancing work and family responsibilities, limiting the child's screen time to <1 hour per day and the child being able to fall asleep in <30 min and sleeping through the night by age 2. Conclusions Among families where the mother has poor mental health, public health and early intervention strategies that support interpersonal relationships, social support, optimism, work–life balance, limiting children's screen time and establishing good sleep habits in the child's first 2 years show promise to positively influence early child development.
Repeated Pain Assessment in Alzheimer’s Disease

In previous studies, patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have indicated that they experienced less pain intensity and affect from their painful conditions than nondemented elderly persons. However, in those studies, pain assessment occurred only once. Therefore, it may be possible that pain which had occurred, for example, a day earlier, could have been forgotten. Therefore, in the present study, AD patients’ pain was assessed daily, i.e. once a day and even three times a day, during a longer period. The results parallel those of earlier studies, i.e. compared to elderly persons without dementia, AD patients appear to perceive less pain intensity and pain affect. These findings support the hypothesis that AD is characterized by an alteration in pain experience.
Insights on Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms Assembled on Different Surfaces Using Phenotypic and Genotypic Approaches

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prominent etiological agent of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). In this context, multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing bacteria are of special public health concern due to the difficulties associated with treatment of human infections and eradication from hospital environments. Here, in order to study the impact of medical devices-associated materials on the biofilm dynamics, we performed biofilm phenotypic analyses through a classic and a new scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique for three multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates growing on polystyrene and silicone. We also applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to search for genetic clues underlying biofilm phenotypic differences. We found major differences in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content among the three strains, which were further corroborated by in-depth EPS composition analysis. WGS analysis revealed a high nucleotide similarity within the core-genome, but relevant differences in the accessory genome that may account for the detected biofilm phenotypic dissimilarities, such as genes already associated with biofilm formation in other pathogenic bacteria (e.g., genes coding haemogglutinins and haemolysins). These data reinforce that the research efforts to defeat bacterial biofilms should take into account that their dynamics may be contingent on the medical devices-associated materials.
An Empirical Study on Code Comprehension: Data Context Interaction Compared to Classical Object Oriented

Source code comprehension affects software development — especially its maintenance — where code reading is one of the most time-consuming activities. A programming language, together with the programming paradigm it supports, is a strong factor that profoundly impacts how programmers comprehend code. We conducted a human-subject controlled experiment to evaluate comprehension of code written using the Data Context Interaction (DCI) paradigm relative to code written with commonly used Object-Oriented (OO) programming. We used a new research-level language called Trygve which implements DCI concepts, and Java, a pervasive OO language in the industry. DCI revisits lost roots of the OO paradigm to address problems that are inherent to Java and most other contemporary OO languages. We observed correctness, time consumption, and locality of reference during reading comprehension tasks. We present a method which relies on the Eigenvector Centrality metric from Social Network Analysis to study the locality of reference in programmers by inspecting their sequencing of reading language element declarations and their permanence time in the code. Results indicate that DCI code in Trygve supports more comprehensible code regarding correctness and improves the locality of reference, reducing context switching during the software discovery process. Regarding reading time consumption, we found no statistically significant differences between both approaches.
Anomaly Detection and Attribution Using Bayesian Networks

Abstract : We present a novel approach to anomaly detection in Bayesian networks, enabling both the detection and explanation of anomalous cases in a dataset. By exploiting the structure of a Bayesian network, our algorithm is able to efficiently search for local maxima of data conflict between closely related variables. Benchmark tests using data simulated from complex Bayesian networks show that our approach provides a significant improvement over techniques that search for anomalies using the entire network, rather than its subsets. We conclude with demonstrations of the unique explanatory power of our approach in determining the observation(s) responsible for an anomaly.
Pragmatic use of categorical information in impression formation

In 3 experiments on impression formation, participants received categorical (occupation) and individuating information (behavior) about target persons presented either in random order (mixed presentation) or in blocks (blockwise presentation). Presentation mode should be a metainformational cue from which judges infer the purpose of the task. Mixed presentation is a cue for differentiation between categories, and the integration of a category-specific typical case leads to reduced differentiation within categories, assimilation, and, hence, enhanced differentiation between categories. Blocked presentation is a cue for differentiation within categories, and consideration of category boundaries as a frame of reference leads to enhanced differentiation within categories and a concomitant contrast effect. The findings of Experiments 1 and 2 supported this reasoning. Experiment 3 showed, in addition, that an explicit task instruction and the metainformational cue lead to equivalent results. Judgments and impressions about persons can be based on diverse information such as their behavior, traits, group membership, physical appearance, and so forth. These diverse types of information are usually classified into individuating and categorical information. Individuating information refers to a person's behavior or traits, or both, whereas categorical information refers to his or her membership in groups. Judges may use both types of information when forming impressions (for reviews, see Brewer, 1988; Fiske & Neuberg, 1990; Hamilton & Sherman, 1994; Kunda & Thagard, 1996). When they do not have enough diagnostic individuating information or when they do not use this information accurately, the impact of the categorical information is high. Categorical information may influence judgments in a number of ways. An assimilation effect occurs when people are rated as being more similar to their category mean than when assessment is based on individuating information alone (cf. Krueger & Rothbart, 1988; Kunda & ShermanWilliams, 1993; Nelson, Acker, & Manis, 1996; Nelson, Biernat, & Manis, 1990). A contrast effect, on the other hand, occurs when people are rated to be less similar to their category mean than when judged on the basis of individuating information alone (Deaux & Taynor, 1973; Linville & Jones, 1980; Manis, Nelson, & Shedler, 1988; Manis, Paskewitz, & Cotler, 1986; Pratto & Bargh, 1991). These effects have long been treated as distortions that are due to abbreviated and inadequate information processing (the "cognitive miser"; e.g., Markus & Zajonc,
Feather pattern stability and reorganization in cultured skin.

1. The formation of the feather pattern has been studied in skin explants obtained from the lumbar region of the spinal pteryla of 6½- to 7½-day chick embryos. Explants were cultured in vivo on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) or in vitro , either on semi-solid natural media (containing whole chick embryo extract (JE) or chick brain extract (EC)), or in a liquid synthetic medium (199). 2. Feather pattern development was dependent on the culture method and also on the way the explants were excised and treated before cultivation. When the mid-dorsal initial row of rudiments was preserved at explantation, the feather pattern was stable on all media and initial feather rudiments progressively gave rise to feather buds. When the mid-dorsal initial row of rudiments was damaged at explantation, explants of younger stages (A, B or C) cultured on media JE or EC underwent a complete reorganization of their initial feather pattern; in other explants (of older stage D, or those of any stage cultured in medium 199 or on the CAM) the initial feather pattern was stable. When the initial rudiments were destroyed by dermo-epidermal dissociation and recombination, feather pattern reorganization was observed in explants of any stage cultured in vitro (on medium EC or in medium 199) (Table 1, p. 625). 3. Feather pattern reorganization was characterized by the following events: during the first 24–30 h of culture the initial feather rudiments gradually vanished; dermal condensations and epidermal placodes disappeared; after which a new ‘primary’; row differentiated parallel to the longitudinal edges of the explant9s dermis, its distance from the medial dermal edge was larger when the explant was obtained at a more advanced stage. The newly formed feathers were arranged in longitudinal rows parallel to the cephalo-caudal axis of the dermis, which was thus solely responsible for the polarity of the reorganized feather pattern. 4. The capacity of the feather pattern to reorganize shows that it is still labile at the time of explantation and that the site of subsequent feathers is not yet determined in the unpatterned dermis. The pattern is determined progressively from prospective row to prospective row starting from the primary row. In normal development in situ , the role of the primary row is supposedly played by the mid-dorsal row in the lumbar region of the spinal pteryla. Just prior to the formation of feather condensations the dermal cells appear to be the transitory seat of a passing peak of morphogenetic activity moving from the mid-dorsal line to the lateral edges of the spinal tract.
Olfactory Projections in the Lepidosirenid Lungfishes

Olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb projections in lepidosirenid lungfishes were experimentally determined with neural tracers. Unilateral injections of DiI into the olfactory nerve labeled the accessory and main olfactory bulbs as well as fibers of the anterior root of the terminal nerve, which terminates extensively in cell groups of the medial hemispheric wall, the dorsal and lateral pallia, and the preoptic nuclei and posterior tubercle. Lepidosirenid lungfishes do not exhibit separate vomeronasal nerves, but previous data indicate that calbindin-positive receptors within basal crypts of the olfactory epithelium are homologous to the vomeronasal organ of tetrapods. Unilateral injections of DiI into the accessory olfactory bulb reveal an accessory olfactory tract which terminates primarily if not solely in the ipsilateral medial amygdalar nucleus as in amphibians. Unilateral injections of tracers into the main olfactory bulb reveal extensive projections to all cell groups in the ipsilateral telencephalic hemisphere, except for the medial amygdalar nucleus, as well as secondary olfactory projections (decussating in the habenular commissure) to the contralateral dorsal pallium and main olfactory bulb. Secondary olfactory projections also terminate bilaterally in diencephalic and midbrain centers after partial decussation in the anterior and postoptic commissures, as well as in the ventral hypothalamus and posterior tubercle. Cladistic analysis of the extensive secondary olfactory projections indicates that this pattern is primitive for all bony fishes whereas the reduction in secondary olfactory projections in amphibians, particularly anurans, is a derived, simplified pattern.
Using The Workload Indicator Of Staffing Needs (WISN) Methodology ToAssess Work Pressure Among The Nursing Staff Of Lacor Hospital

In their effort to provide adequate and quality health services, health systems in both developed and the developing countries have to confront the challenges of an ever increasing population with limited or diminishing resources. This includes the human resource which constitutes a major input in health care delivery and a key determinant of the cost and quality of care. There is an increasing need therefore for health organizations to identify the most appropriate staffing levels and skill mix to ensure efficient use of the limited health personnel. This paper demonstrates the use of the workload indicator of staffing needs (WISN) methodology in determining staffing requirements for the nursing staff in a hospital setting. It shows how the results can be used to assess overstaffing and understaffing as well as determine the work pressure among the different categories of nurses thus providing a basis for effective nurse redistribution to exploit efficiency gains without compromising the quality of services.
Misalignment tolerable coil structure for biomedical applications with wireless power transfer

Coil-misalignment is one of the major hurdles for inductively coupled wireless power transfer in applications like retinal prosthesis. Weak magnetic flux linkage due to coil misalignments would significantly impair the power efficiency. A novel receiver configuration with high misalignment tolerance is presented in this paper. The proposed receiver is composed of two receiver coils placed orthogonally, so as to reduce the variation of mutual inductance between transmitting and receiving coils under misalignment conditions. Three different receiver coil structures are analyzed and compared using the same length of wire. Theoretical predictions have been confirmed with measurement results.
Stance-shifting in language used by sex offenders: Five case studies

Abstract Attempts to classify sex offenders for the purpose of investigating sexual assaults or formulating treatment strategies often use evidence left at crime scenes, victims’ statements, and case studies to organize sex offenders’ personality characteristics into categories. Typologies of offenders may vary in the degree to which they are empirical or incorporate offender language. In the treatment of sex offenders, some focus has been placed on the offender's spoken attribution of responsibility. The current study uses multidimensional analysis of shifts in stance to outline a framework that overlays the basic motivations of sex offenders as classified by MTC:R3 and the offenders’ process of attributing blame. Applied to five cases of sexual assault, markers of stance successfully signal diminution or reassignment of personal agency in aggressor and victim pre-trial oral statements, suggesting how rapists push personal responsibility aside in order to justify the ‘reasonableness’ of their actions.
Host suitability of the olive cultivars arbequina and picual for plant-parasitic nematodes.

Host suitability of olive cultivars Arbequina and Picual to several plant-parasitic nematodes was studied under controlled conditions. Arbequina and Picual were not suitable hosts for the root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus fallax, P. thornei, and Zygotylenchus guevarai. However, the ring nematode Mesocriconema xenoplax and the spiral nematodes Helicotylenchus digonicus and H. pseudorobustus reproduced on both olive cultivars. The potential of Meloidogyne arenaria race 2, M. incognita race 1, and M. javanica, as well as P. vulnus and P. penetrans to damage olive cultivars, was also assessed. Picual planting stocks infected by root-knot nematodes showed a distinct yellowing affecting the uppermost leaves, followed by a partial defoliation. Symptoms were more severe on M. arenaria and M. javanica-infected plants than on M. incognita-infected plants. Inoculation of plants with 15,000 eggs + second-stage juveniles/pot of these Meloidogyne spp. suppressed the main height of shoot and number of nodes of Arbequina, but not Picual. Infection by each of the two lesion nematodes (5,000 nematodes/pot) or by each of the three Meloidogyne spp. suppressed (P < 0.05) the main stem diameter of both cultivars. On Arbequina, the reproduction rate of Meloidogyne spp. was higher (P < 0.05) than that of Pratylenchus spp. ; on Picual, Pratylenchus spp. reproduction was higher (P < 0.05) than that of Meloidogyne spp.
Alternatively activated microglia co‐cultured with BMSCS offers a new strategy in the treatment of CNS‐associated disease

1 Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China 3 Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China 4 Basic Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
Gender Differences in Adolescent Perceptions of Parent-Adolescent Openness in Communication and Adolescent Empathy

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how the relationship between adolescent perceptions of openness in parent-adolescent communication and adolescent empathy may differ by gender of the respondent. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the possibility of an interaction between adolescent gender and parent communication in predicting two other-oriented dimensions of empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking) in 236 adolescents ages 14 tol6. Gender of the adolescent, openness in mother-adolescent communication, and openness in father-adolescent communication were significant predictors of adolescent empathic concern. Gender also moderated the relationship between openness in mother-adolescent communication and empathic concern. Further, openness in mother-adolescent communication was a significant predictor of adolescent perspective taking.
The quality of conversations in participatory innovation

In co-design there seems to be a widespread understanding that innovation is a planned, goal-oriented activity that can be propelled forward through well-facilitated events in which company employees collaborate with external parties (users in particular) and the conversations aim at consensus about new product and service ideas. Conflict belonged to the ‘old days’ when participatory design played a part in the struggle between workers and management. Based on the theory of complex responsive processes of relating, we suggest a new way of understanding innovation as the emergence of new meaning in – often conflictual – conversations. We argue that the meeting of participants with different stakes is crucial precisely because crossing intentions can create new insight and movement of thought and action. We use improvised theatre to investigate what happens in industrial (and other) organisations that embark on participatory activities, and the barriers that prevent them. By analysing improvised scenes and the way the audience reacts, we characterise the quality of conversations that seems to allow new meaning to emerge and thus stimulates innovation. We suggest that we need to develop new formats of collaboration for large, complex contingents of stakeholders, where conflicting intentions are encouraged.
Deep learning for sentiment analysis: A survey

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state‐of‐the‐art prediction results. Along with the success of deep learning in many application domains, deep learning is also used in sentiment analysis in recent years. This paper gives an overview of deep learning and then provides a comprehensive survey of its current applications in sentiment analysis.
Experimenter-Subject Interaction in Verbal Conditioning: Review of the Literature

This paper reviews investigations of the E-S interaction variable in verbal conditioning. The research is viewed in terms of the constructs of interpersonal attraction and interpersonal influence and is categorized under the headings: (a) experiments in which Es with different physical and personality characteristics are used; (b) experiments in which S's attraction to E is manipulated by S's interaction with him (resultant interpersonal attraction); (c) experiments in which S's attraction to E is manipulated by matching Es with Ss on the basis of psychological test scores; (d) experiments in which S's attraction to E is manipulated by having a collaborator give S information about E (induced interpersonal attraction). Major findings are summarized and suggestions for future research mentioned.