Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children: A Review

ABSTRACT. There is a variety of families headed by a lesbian or gay male parent or same-sex couple. Findings from research suggest that children with lesbian or gay parents are comparable with children with heterosexual parents on key psychosocial developmental outcomes. In many ways, children of lesbian or gay parents have similar experiences of family life compared with children in heterosexual families. Some special considerations apply to the context of lesbian and gay parenting: variation in family forms, children's awareness of lesbian and gay relationships, heterosexism, and homophobia. These issues have important implications for managing clinical work with children of lesbian mothers or gay fathers.
Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Livestock Brucella melitensis Isolates from Naryn Oblast, Kyrgyzstan

The incidence of human brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan has been increasing in the last years and was identified as a priority disease needing most urgent control measures in the livestock population. The latest species identification of Brucella isolates in Kyrgyzstan was carried out in the 1960s and investigated the circulation of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. ovis, and B. suis. However, supporting data and documentation of that experience are lacking. Therefore, typing of Brucella spp. and identification of the most important host species are necessary for the understanding of the main transmission routes and to adopt an effective brucellosis control policy in Kyrgyzstan. Overall, 17 B. melitensis strains from aborted fetuses of sheep and cattle isolated in the province of Naryn were studied. All strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, rifampin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis showed low genetic diversity. Kyrgyz strains seem to be genetically associated with the Eastern Mediterranean group of the Brucella global phylogeny. We identified and confirmed transmission of B. melitensis to cattle and a close genetic relationship between B. melitensis strains isolated from sheep sharing the same pasture.
Enterococcus faecalis Subverts and Invades the Host Urothelium in Patients with Chronic Urinary Tract Infection

Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are a major growing concern worldwide. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli has been shown to invade the urothelium during acute UTI in mice and humans, forming intracellular reservoirs that can evade antibiotics and the immune response, allowing recurrence at a later date. Other bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella enterica have also been shown to be invasive in acute UTI. However, the role of intracellular infection in chronic UTI causing more subtle lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), a particular problem in the elderly population, is poorly understood. Moreover, the species of bacteria involved remains largely unknown. A previous study of a large cohort of non-acute LUTS patients found that Enterococcus faecalis was frequently found in urine specimens. E. faecalis accounts for a significant proportion of chronic bladder infections worldwide, although the invasive lifestyle of this uropathogen has yet to be reported. Here, we wanted to explore this question in more detail. We harvested urothelial cells shed in response to inflammation and, using advanced imaging techniques, inspected them for signs of bacterial pathology and invasion. We found strong evidence of intracellular E. faecalis harboured within urothelial cells shed from the bladder of LUTS patients. Furthermore, using a culture model system, these patient-isolated strains of E. faecalis were able to invade a transitional carcinoma cell line. In contrast, we found no evidence of cellular invasion by E. coli in the patient cells or the culture model system. Our data show that E. faecalis is highly competent to invade in this context; therefore, these results have implications for both the diagnosis and treatment of chronic LUTS.
Energetic particle parallel diffusion in a cascading wave turbulence in the foreshock region

We study parallel (field-aligned) diffusion of en- ergetic particles in the upstream of the bow shock with test particle simulations. We assume parallel shock geometry of the bow shock, and that MHD wave turbulence convected by the solar wind toward the shock is purely transverse in one-dimensional system with a constant background mag- netic field. We use three turbulence models: a homogeneous turbulence, a regular cascade from a large scale to smaller scales, and an inverse cascade from a small scale to larger scales. For the homogeneous model the particle motions along the average field are Brownian motions due to ran- dom and isotropic scattering across 90 degree pitch angle. On the other hand, for the two cascade models particle mo- tion is non-Brownian due to coherent and anisotropic pitch angle scattering for finite time scale. The mean free path k calculated by the ensemble average of these particle motions exhibits dependence on the distance from the shock. It also depends on the parameters such as the thermal velocity of the particles, solar wind flow velocity, and a wave turbulence model. For the inverse cascade model, the dependence of k at the shock on the thermal energy is consistent with the hybrid simulation done by Giacalone (2004), but the spatial dependence of k is inconsistent with it.
A Novel Multiclass Classification Method with Gene Expression Programming

Classification is one of the fundamental tasks of data mining, and many machine learning algorithms are inherently designed for binary (two-class) decision problems. Gene expression programming (GEP) is a genotype/phenotype genetic algorithm that evolves computer programs of different sizes and shapes (expression trees) encoded in linear chromosomes of fixed length. In this paper, we propose a novel method for multiclass classification by using GEP, a new hybrid of genetic algorithms (GAs) and genetic programming (GP). Different to the common method of formulating a multiclass classification problem as multiple two-class problems, we construct a novel multiclass classification by using eigenvalue centroid of each class and eigenvalue-power function. Experimental results on two real data sets demonstrate that method is able to achieve a preferable solution.
Broadband HBT Doherty Power Amplifiers for Handset Applications

A Doherty power amplifier for IEEE 802.16e mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (m-WiMAX) is fully integrated on a 1.2 × 1.2 × mm2 die using a 2-μm InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process. The direct input power dividing technique is employed on the chip. Broadband input and output matching techniques are used for broadband Doherty operation, and their effects are analyzed. A peaking amplifier 1.5 times larger than a carrier amplifier delivers high efficiency for m-WiMAX signal with a 9.6-dB crest factor and an 8.75-MHz bandwidth (BW). The PA with a supply voltage of 3.4 V has an EVM of 2.3% and a PAE of 31.5% at an output power of 24.75 dBm as well as an operating frequency of 2.6 GHz. A PAE over 30.3% and an output power of greater than 24.6 dBm with an EVM less than 3.15% and a gain variation of 0.2 dB are achieved across 2.5-2.7 GHz without any assisting linearization technique. After compensating AM-AM and AM-PM nonlinearity using a digital feedback predistortion algorithm, the PA exhibits a PAE of over 27% and an output power of over 23.6 dBm across 2.2-2.8 GHz while maintaining an EVM below 2.7%.
The Impact of Ideology on Effectiveness in Open Source Software Development Teams

The emerging work on understanding open source software has questioned what leads to effectiveness in OSS development teams in the absence of formal controls, and it has pointed to the importance of ideology. This paper develops a framework of the OSS community ideology (including specific norms, beliefs, and values) and a theoretical model to show how adherence to components of the ideology impacts effectiveness in OSS teams. The model is based on the idea that the tenets of the OSS ideology motivate behaviors that enhance cognitive trust and communication quality and encourage identification with the project team, which enhances affective trust. Trust and communication in turn impact OSS team effectiveness. The research considers two kinds of effectiveness in OSS teams: the attraction and retention of developer input and the generation of project outputs. Hypotheses regarding antecedents to each are developed. Hypotheses are tested using survey and objective data on OSS projects. Results support the main thesis that OSS team members' adherence to the tenets of the OSS community ideology impacts OSS team effectiveness and reveal that different components impact effectiveness in different ways. Of particular interest is the finding that adherence to some ideological components was beneficial to the effectiveness of the team in terms of attracting and retaining input, but detrimental to the output of the team. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Subgroup and Community Analytics on Attributed Graphs

Subgroup discovery and community detection are two approaches hav- ing been studied in different research areas like data mining and social network analysis. In this context, these techniques are especially helpful in order to pro- vide for analytical and explorative data mining approaches. We present an orga- nized picture of recent research in subgroup discovery and community detection specifically focusing on attributed graphs. That is, we include complex relational graphs that are annotated with additional information, e.g., attribute information on the nodes and/or edges of the graph. In addition, we especially summarize a method combining both community detection and subgroup discovery resulting in a description-oriented approach for community analytics.
Characterization of Lead–Phytochelatin Complexes by Nano-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The role of phytochelatins (PCn, metal-binding oligopeptides with the general structure (γGlu-Cys)n-Gly (n = 2–11) in metal detoxification is assumed to be based on immobilization of metals, which prevents binding of metals to important biomolecules. Although induction of phytochelatin synthesis has often been observed in algae upon exposure to metals, direct evidence for binding of the inducing metal to phytochelatins is scarce. In this study, a nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS) method is developed for identification and characterization of Pb(II)–PCn and Zn(II)–PCn complexes. Complexes of Pb(II) with standard PCn (n = 2–4; 0.25 mM Pb(II) and 0.5 mM PCn) were examined by nano-ESI-MS with respect to their stoichiometry. Pb–PCn mass spectra indicated the presence of the [M + H]+ peak of PCn and complexes with various stoichiometries. Analysis of Pb–PC2 allowed the identification of four different complexes observed at m/z 746.10, 952.06, 1285.24, and 1491.20, corresponding to [Pb–PC2]+, [Pb2–PC2]+, [Pb–(PC2)2]+, and [Pb2–(PC2)2]+. Their m/z indicated coordination of Pb(II) by PC2 through the thiol groups of PC cysteine and possibly carboxylic groups. For each of the standard PC3 and PC4, two different complexes were observed, corresponding to Pb–PC3, Pb2–PC3, Pb–PC4, and Pb2–PC4. The measured isotopic patterns were for all complexes identical to the theoretical isotopic patterns. Addition of Zn(II) (0.125–5 mM) to previously formed Pb–PC2 complexes showed the appearance of the [Zn–PC2]+ complexes at m/z 602.05 and the decrease of the [Pb–PC2]+ peak. These findings corroborate the postulated Pb–PC complexes from a previous study using size exclusion chromatography of PC extracted from algae, as well as the concurrent formation of Pb–, Zn–, and Cu–PC complexes in algae.
TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF MELODIC CONTOUR PROCESSING

Melodic contour information is an important cue for song recognition. When listening to novel melodies, contour information tends to be encoded before exact interval information. Alterations to the precise intervals of the melody are often undetected, provided that they do not change the melodic contour. Prior research has suggested that, while the immediate note-to-note contour is most salient, listeners are also sensitive to changes in non-adjacent contour information. We were interested in the degree to which this pattern of sensitivity is preserved across musical speeds. We tested adult listeners' ability to detect changes to novel six-tone melodic sequences with inter-onset-intervals of 50ms, 100ms, 200ms, and 400ms. Changes either preserved contour or disrupted either adjacent or non-adjacent contour. We found that participants performed at chance in the 50ms condition. Across the other three conditions, the performance pattern was consistent. Adjacent contour violations were best detected, followed by non-adjacent contour violations, with detection of contour preserving alterations generally poor.
Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression.

OBJECTIVE The authors examined gender differences in treatment response to sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and to imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, in chronic depression. METHOD A total of 235 male and 400 female outpatients with DSM-III-R chronic major depression or double depression (i.e., major depression superimposed on dysthymia) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with sertraline or with imipramine after placebo washout. RESULTS Women were significantly more likely to show a favorable response to sertraline than to imipramine, and men were significantly more likely to show a favorable response to imipramine than to sertraline. Gender and type of medication were also significantly related to dropout rates; women who were taking imipramine and men who were taking sertraline were more likely to withdraw from the study. Gender differences in time to response were seen with imipramine, with women responding significantly more slowly than men. Comparison of treatment response rates by menopausal status showed that premenopausal women responded significantly better to sertraline than to imipramine and that postmenopausal women had similar rates of response to the two medications. CONCLUSIONS Men and women with chronic depression show differential responsivity to and tolerability of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants. The differing response rates between the drug classes in women was observed primarily in premenopausal women. Thus, female sex hormones may enhance response to SSRIs or inhibit response to tricyclics. Both gender and menopausal status should be considered when choosing an appropriate antidepressant for a depressed patient.
Multi-color photometry of the Galactic globular cluster M 75 = NGC 6864. A new sensitive metallicity indicator and the position of the horizontal branch in UV ,

Aims. We carry out and analyze new multi-color photometry of the Galactic globular cluster (GC) M 75 in UBVI and focus on the brighter sequences of the color–magnitude diagram (CMD), with particular emphasis on their location in U-based CMD. Specifically, we study the level both of the horizontal (HB) and red giant branches (RGB) relative to the main-sequence turnoff (TO) in the U magnitude. Methods. Along with the presented photometry of M 75, we use our collection of photometric data on GCs belonging to the metalpoor range, [Fe/H]ZW < −1.1 dex, obtained from observations with different equipment, but calibrated by standard stars situated in the observed cluster fields. Results. We confirm our earlier finding, and extend it to a larger magnitude range. We demonstrate that ∆U BHB expressing the difference in U magnitude between the TO point and the level of the blue HB, near its red boundary, of the metal-poor GCs observed with the EMMI camera of the NTT/ESO telescope is about 0.4–0.5 mag smaller as compared to GCs observed with the 100 �� telescope and 1.3 m Warsaw telescope of the Las Campanas Observatory. At the same time, ∆U RGB TO , the difference in U magnitude between the TO and RGB inflection (brightest) points, does not show such an apparent dependence on the characteristics of U filters used, but it depends on cluster metallicity. We have shown, for the first time, the dependence of the parameter ∆U RGB on [Fe/H] and have estimated its analytical expression, by assuming a linear relation between the parameter and metallicity. Its slope, ∆U RGB /∆[Fe/H] ∼ 1.2 mag/dex, is approximately a factor of two steeper than that of the dependence of the RGB bump position in the V magnitude on metallicity. The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) clump and features of the RGB luminosity function (LF) of M 75 are also discussed.
Brief announcement: distributed algorithms for throughput performance in wireless networks

Consider a continuously running wireless network where packets arrive at nodes in the network according to some stochastic process. These packets need to be be sent over the wireless channel to their intended receivers at a rate fast enough to ensure that the packet queues at nodes do not blow up. This question of ensuring the stability of a wireless network is a classical problem in network information theory. Our goal is to design fast, distributed algorithms that achieve this goal under significant load in the SINR model of interference. The SINR or physical model of interference captures many of the realistic properties of wireless interference — such as physical aspects of wireless signal propagation and the additive nature of wireless interference [6]. This is in contrast with graph-based models, explaining the recent surge of interest in the SINR model in wireless network research. Recent progress in the algorithmic understanding of the SINR model in particularly relevant to our work. This line of study considers problems of a classical algorithmic flavor – given a worst case instance of a wireless network, one seeks to solve certain optimization problems. Since the seminal work of Moscibroda and Wattenhofer [7] that studied scheduling in wireless networks, numerous papers have appeared solving various optimization problems [2, 4, 1]. We employ various technical insights gained from this line of work, thus importing ideas from algorithms research into the study of stability of stochastic systems. The study of wireless network stability has an extensive history. The seminal work of Tassiulas and Ephremides [8] shows that stability can be achieved if the algorithm chooses the largest set of simultaneously schedulable transmissions
Cyclones, tides, and the origin of a cross‐equatorial dust storm on Mars

We investigate the triggering mechanism of a cross‐equatorial dust storm observed by Mars Global Surveyor in 1999. This storm, which had a significant impact on global mean temperatures, was seen in visible and infrared data to commence with the transport of linear dust fronts from the northern high latitudes into the southern tropics. However, other similar transport events observed in northern fall and winter did not lead to large dust storms. Based on off‐line Lagrangian particle transport analysis using a high resolution Mars general circulation model, we propose a simple explanation for the diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability of this type of frontal activity, and of the resulting dust storms, that highlights the cooperative interaction between northern hemisphere fronts associated with low pressure cyclones and tidally‐modified return branch of the Hadley circulation.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Assessing Anhedonia in Depression: Potentials and Pitfalls

The resurgence of interest in anhedonia within major depression has been fuelled by clinical trials demonstrating its utility in predicting antidepressant response as well as recent conceptualizations focused on the role and manifestation of anhedonia in depression. Historically, anhedonia has been understood as a " loss of pleasure " , yet neuropsychological and neurobiological studies reveal a multifaceted recon-ceptualization that emphasizes different facets of hedonic function, including desire, effort/motivation, anticipation and consummatory pleasure. To ensure generalizability across studies, evaluation of the available subjective and objective methods to assess anhedonia is necessary. The majority of research regarding anhedonia and its neurobiological underpinnings comes from preclinical research, which uses primary reward (e.g. food) to probe hedonic responding. In contrast, behavioural studies in humans primarily use secondary reward (e.g. money) to measure many aspects of reward responding, including delay discounting, response bias, prediction error, probabilistic reversal learning, effort, anticipation and consummatory pleasure. The development of subjective scales to measure anhedonia has also increased in the last decade. This review will assess the current methodology to measure anhedonia, with a focus on scales and behavioural tasks in humans. Limitations of current work and recommendations for future studies are discussed. Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are hampered by relatively low rates of remission with various antidepressants and adjunctive treatments (Warden et al., 2007), prompting a need to define other avenues of therapy. Towards this aim, there is a need to understand the various neurobiological substrates for depressive symptoms in order to detect predictive biomarkers for treatment selection. Identifying the symptoms that actually predict treatment failure is also a logical springboard from which to elucidate neurobiology-symptom links. Two large trials, the Genome Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) and the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D), have provided an opportunity to explore factors related to antidepressant outcomes. In the GEN-DEP trial, Uher et al. (2008) identified 6 symptom dimensions that were needed to describe the structure of depressive symptoms: mood, anxiety, sleep, appetite, pessimism and interest-activity. In particular, low interest-activity, reflecting reduced enjoyment as well as interest and activity, strongly predicted poor antidepres-sant outcome (Uher et al., 2008). Generalizability of this finding was enhanced with replication using the STAR*D data (Uher et al., 2012). Furthermore in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) trial, anhedonia (as measured by the anhe-donia dimension on the Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised) was the only unique negative predictor …
AN ANYTIME ALGORITHM FOR TRUST PROPAGATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Trust propagation in social networks is a challenging task. It is difficult to model human trust, and the data is huge and very sparse. Due to these challenges, the algorithms available to propagate trust have complexity issues. We used the MRFTrust algorithm created by Tosun and Sheppard to produce an anytime algorithm for trust propagation. To do this we use sampling techniques and increased horizon size to reduce the complexity and decrease runtimes. We show that we can dramatically reduce the number of nodes considered in the algorithm, yet still achieve a superior result.