Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home numeracy experiences and children’s math performance in the early school years.

Children’s numerical competence in kindergarten is highly predictive of their acquisition of mathematics in Grade 1 and Grade 2, suggesting that experiences at home before schooling are important in understanding how numeracy develops. In this study, the mathematical skills of 146 children in Kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2 were correlated with the frequency with which parents reported informal activities that have quantitative components such as board and card games, shopping, or cooking. Effect sizes were consistent with research relating home literacy experiences to children’s vocabulary. The present research supports claims about the importance of home experiences in children’s acquisition of mathematics.
Campylobacter jejuni survival within human epithelial cells is enhanced by the secreted protein CiaI

Although it is known that Campylobacter jejuni invade the cells that line the human intestinal tract, the bacterial proteins that enable this pathogen to survive within Campylobacter‐containing vacuoles (CCV) have not been identified. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a protein that we termed CiaI for Campylobacter invasion antigen involved in intracellular survival. We show that CiaI harbours an amino‐terminal type III secretion sequence and is secreted from C. jejuni through the flagellar type III secretion system. In addition, the ciaI mutant was impaired in intracellular survival when compared with a wild‐type strain, as judged by the gentamicin‐protection assay. Fluorescence microscopy examination of epithelial cells infected with the C. jejuni ciaI mutant revealed that the CCV were more frequently co‐localized with Cathepsin D (a lysosomal marker) than the CCV in cells infected with a C. jejuni wild‐type strain. Ectopic expression of CiaI‐GFP in epithelial cells yielded a punctate phenotype not observed with the other C. jejuni genes, and this phenotype was abolished by mutation of a dileucine motif located in the carboxy‐terminus of the protein. Based on the data, we conclude that CiaI contributes to the ability of C. jejuni to survive within epithelial cells.
Incidence and Mental Health Impact of Sexual Orientation Victimization of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youths in High School

This study examined victimization during high school based on sexual orientation of 350 lesbian, gay, or bisexual (lgb) youths aged 21 and younger. Experiences of direct victimization as well as knowledge of other lgb youths’ victimization were assessed. Over half reported verbal abuse in high school because of their sexual orientation, and 11% said they had been physically assaulted. Youths who were more open in high school about their sexual orientation and who had a history of more gender atypical behavior were victimized more often. Male youths were targeted significantly more often than females. Youths’ current mental health symptoms, especially traumatic stress reactions, were associated with having experienced more verbal abuse in high school.
Rapamycin rescues vascular, metabolic and learning deficits in apolipoprotein E4 transgenic mice with pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele is a common susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain vascular and metabolic deficits can occur in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers decades before the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether early intervention using rapamycin could restore neurovascular and neurometabolic functions, and thus impede pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in pre-symptomatic Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 transgenic mice. Using in vivo, multimodal neuroimaging, we found that apolipoprotein E ɛ4 mice treated with rapamycin had restored cerebral blood flow, blood–brain barrier integrity and glucose metabolism, compared to age- and gender-matched wild-type controls. The preserved vasculature and metabolism were associated with amelioration of incipient learning deficits. We also found that rapamycin restored the levels of the proinflammatory cyclophilin A in vasculature, which may contribute to the preservation of cerebrovascular function in the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 transgenics. Our results show that rapamycin improves functional outcomes in this mouse model and may have potential as an effective intervention to block progression of vascular, metabolic and early cognitive deficits in human Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers. As rapamycin is FDA-approved and neuroimaging is readily used in humans, the results of the present study may provide the basis for future Alzheimer's disease intervention studies in human subjects.
Comparison between the temperature measurements by TIMED/SABER and lidar in the midlatitude

Comparisons of monthly mean nighttime temperature profiles observed by the sodium lidar at Colorado State University and TIMED/SABER overpasses are made. In the altitude range from 85 km to about 100 km, the two observations are in very good agreement. Though within each other's error bars, important differences occur below 85 km in the entire year and above 100 km in the summer season. Possible reasons for these difference are high photon noise below 85 km in lidar observations and less than accurate assumptions in the concentration of important chemical species like oxygen (and its quenching rate) in the SABER retrieval above 100 km. However, the two techniques both show the two-level mesopause thermal structure, with the times of change from one level to the other in excellent agreement. Comparison indicates that the high-level (winter) mesopause altitudes are also in excellent agreement between the two observations, though some difference (2-3 km) may exist in the low-level (summer) mesopause altitudes between ground- based and satellite-borne data. In addition, the difference in local time dependency between lidar and SABER is investigated; this difference makes the comparison of mesopause altitudes difficult.
Factors influencing Saudi medical students and interns’ choice of future specialty: a self-administered questionnaire

Background This study explores the most influential factors affecting Saudi medical students and interns’ choice of specialty at the University of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed during the period from June 1 to June 14, 2013. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to test the association between participants’ choices and the motivational factors that led to their choice of specialty. Results One-hundred sixty-eight (44.7%) participants chose lifestyle as their most influential factor for the choice of their specialty. Significantly more medical interns considered lifestyle as an important factor compared to medical students (P=0.020). Internal medicine was the preferred specialty for 56 participants (14.77%) followed by family medicine for 35 participants (9.2%). Thirty-four participants (8.97%) chose general surgery, and 27 participants (7.1%) chose both pediatrics and emergency medicine. Sex influences indicated that men preferred pediatrics and emergency medicine (P=0.033 and P=0.0006, respectively), while women preferred family medicine practice (P=0.034). Conclusion Saudi medical students and interns at the University of Dammam were influenced mostly by lifestyle when they considered their future specialty. Internal medicine, family medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, and emergency medicine were the preferred specialties.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty

Corneal surgeons and patients have embraced endothelial keratoplasty (EK) because it provides significant benefits compared with penetrating keratoplasty (PK), including improved resistance to traumatic wound rupture, faster visual rehabilitation, more predictable refractive outcomes, and reduced risk of ocular surface complications. Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK; also called DSAEK when the donor tissue is dissected with a microkeratome) is currently the most popular EK technique. DSEK provides most patients with visual acuity of 20/40 or better, but fewer patients than expected achieve 20/20 or 20/25 vision, possibly because of an increase in light scattering with the added donor stromal tissue. Therefore, surgeons have begun to transplant bare donor endothelium and Descemet membrane, using a technique known as Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). The initial results from several centers suggest that a significantly higher proportion of patients achieve 20/25 or better visual acuity with DMEK, as compared with DSEK. However, DMEK currently has a higher degree of difficulty than DSEK, particularly in donor preparation, because a DMEK graft is thinner and more fragile.
Groucho-Mediated Repression May Result from a Histone Deacetylase-Dependent Increase in Nucleosome Density

Groucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional corepressor that directly interacts with the histone deacetylase Rpd3. Although previous studies suggest that this interaction is required for repression of Gro-responsive reporters in cultured cells, the in vivo significance of this interaction and the mechanism by which it leads to repression remain largely unexplored. In this study, we show that Gro is partially dependent on Rpd3 for repression, supporting the idea that Rpd3-mediated repression is one mode of Gro-mediated repression. We demonstrate that Gro colocalizes with Rpd3 to the chromatin of a target gene and that this is accompanied by the deacetylation of specific lysines within the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4. Gro overexpression leads to wing patterning defects and ectopic repression in the wing disc of transcription directed by the vestigial quadrant enhancer. These effects are reversed by the histone deacetylase inhibitors TSA and HC-Toxin and by the reduction of Rpd3 gene dosage. Furthermore, repression of the vestigial quadrant enhancer is accompanied by a Gro-mediated increase in nucleosome density, an effect that is reversed by histone deacetylase inhibitors. We propose a model in which Gro-mediated histone deacetylation results in increased nucleosome density leading to transcriptional repression.
Advertising, Innovation and Economic Growth

This paper analyzes the implications of advertising for firm dynamics and economic growth through its interaction with R&D. We develop a model of endogenous growth with firm heterogeneity that incorporates advertising decisions and calibrate it to match several empirical regularities across firm size. Our model provides microfoundations for the empirically observed negative relationship between both firm R&D intensity and growth and firm size. In the calibrated model, about half of the deviation from proportional firm growth is attributed to our novel advertising channel. In addition, R&D and advertising are substitutes, a prediction for which we find evidence in the data. (JEL D22, E23, H25, L25, M37, O32)
Schizophrenia and comorbid sleep disorders

1Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea. 2Brussels Institute for Applied Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. 3Psychiatric Research Institute, LVR-Klinik Bedburg-Hau, 47511 Bedburg-Hau, Germany. 4Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Cognitive and Neurological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. 5Department of Acupuncture and Meridian of Oriental Medicine, Sang Ji University, Wonju 26339, South Korea. 6Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands.
Mutations in the CHCHD10 gene are a common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

1 Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 2 Computational Biology Core, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 3 Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 4 Neurological Institute, Catholic University and Insieme Contro le Malattie del Motoneurone Association for ALS Research, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy 5 Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita-Santa Anna, Turin 10126, Italy 6 Department of Neurology, Sourasky Medical Centre, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel 7 ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’ Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy 8 Tanz Centre for Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
Critical incident stress debriefing and its effects on coping strategies and anger in a sample of Australian police officers involved in shooting incidents

This study investigates appraisal and coping behaviours, and symptom and expectation outcomes following a critical incident and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD). Two groups of 30 Australian police officers from the New South Wales Police Service who had been involved in shooting incidents were examined. One group received CISD and the other did not. The group that received CISD showed a significant reduction in anger levels and greater use of some specific adaptive coping strategies. However, one cannot be certain as to the extent of CISD's contribution to this improvement, since a variety of other factors in the officers' lives, as evidenced by other measures taken throughout the study, may help to explain the variation. Results are discussed in light of the contextual features in officers' lives that impact upon the outcome responses to such incidents.
The Application of Dynamic Methods to Language Assessment

Dynamic methods are discussed as interactive and process-oriented procedures for nonbiased assessment of communicative competence and language learning potential. Specifically, this study demonstrates the application of mediated learning experience to language assessment. Significant results of the study supported the hypothesis that a task matching young children's socialization better differentiates between nondisabled and language disordered children than a static standardized measure. Dynamic methods were most effective in differentiating nondisabled children from those with possible language disorders.
Towards a new political economy of youth

The roots of the political-economy-of-youth perspective can be traced to the neo-Marxist attempts to account for the youth movements and countercultures of the 1960s and to argue that youth constitute a potentially revolutionary ‘class’. Although this perspective influenced subcultural views of youth, since the 1980s sociological and cultural studies approaches to youth studies have tended to focus on the disadvantaged and working class rather than the entire youth segment of the population, while becoming increasingly preoccupied with subjectivities rather than the material conditions. Although these approaches to class divisions within the youth segment are useful, there is recent evidence of a systemic proletarianisation of the entire youth population in many countries, raising again materialist concerns and the issue of youth-as-class. Evidence for class-relations between youth and adults with respect to reduced earning power and education-to-work prospects is presented, followed by a critique of current youth-studies approaches that do not provide explanations of the root causes of youth proletarianisation. The paper ends with a call for a revival of the political-economy-of-youth perspective that is capable of generating ideas about solutions to this proletarianisation.
Accounting for individual differences when comparing the effectiveness of remedial language teaching methods

ABSTRACT Two language intervention methods were compared on their effectiveness at improving syntactic structures as measured by gain scores on the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) procedure. Forty-one expressive language delayed children were assigned to either an Interactive approach (n = 25) or a Programmed approach (n = 16), following a series of 13 pre-training diagnostic tests. An analysis of group mean DSS gain scores did not indicate a significant difference between the two teaching methods. However, when individual differences on the pre-training tests were incorporated into further group comparisons, disordinal Aptitude × Treatment interactions occurred for measures of intelligence, initial syntax level, and visual-motor integration. The Interactive approach optimized syntax improvement for children with relatively high pre-training scores on each of the three measures, whereas the Programmed approach resulted in superior syntax performance for low-scoring children.
Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems

A comparative model of organizations as interpretation systems is proposed. The model describes four interpretation modes: enacting, discovering, undirected viewing, and conditioned viewing. Each mode is determined by (1) management's beliefs about the environment and (2) organizational intrusiveness. Interpretation modes are hypothesized to be associated with organizational differences in environmental scanning, equivocality reduction, strategy, and decision making.
Biochemical Characterization of Rotavirus Receptors in MA104 Cells

ABSTRACT We have tested the effect of metabolic inhibitors, membrane cholesterol depletion, and detergent extraction of cell surface molecules on the susceptibility of MA104 cells to infection by rotaviruses. Treatment of cells with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein N glycosylation, blocked the infectivity of the SA-dependent rotavirus RRV and its SA-independent variant nar3 by about 50%, while the inhibition of O glycosylation had no effect. The inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesisd,l-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) blocked the infectivity of RRV, nar3, and the human rotavirus strain Wa by about 70%. Sequestration of cholesterol from the cell membrane with β-cyclodextrin reduced the infectivity of the three viruses by more than 90%. The involvement of N-glycoproteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol in rotavirus infection suggests that the virus receptor(s) might be forming part of lipid microdomains in the cell membrane. MA104 cells incubated with the nonionic detergent octyl-β-glucoside (OG) showed a ca. 60% reduction in their ability to bind rotaviruses, the same degree to which they became refractory to infection, suggesting that OG extracts the potential virus receptor(s) from the cell surface. Accordingly, when preincubated with the viruses, the OG extract inhibited the virus infectivity by more than 95%. This inhibition was abolished when the extract was treated with either proteases or heat but not when it was treated with neuraminidase, indicating the protein nature of the inhibitor. Two protein fractions of around 57 and 75 kDa were isolated from the extract, and these fractions were shown to have rotavirus-blocking activity. Also, antibodies to these fractions efficiently inhibited the infectivity of the viruses in untreated as well as in neuraminidase-treated cells. Five individual protein bands of 30, 45, 57, 75, and 110 kDa, which exhibited virus-blocking activity, were finally isolated from the OG extract. These proteins are good candidates to function as rotavirus receptors.
Evaluation of prognostic indicators for canine primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and application of a scoring system for the determination of prognosis.

OBJECTIVE Apply a previously described scoring system retrospectively to cases of canine primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (pIMHA) to determine its accuracy and reliability for the determination of prognosis in Victoria, Australia. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 41 dogs diagnosed with pIMHA at the University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital (UMVH) between August 2006 to December 2012. RESULTS Of the 41 dogs included, 70.7% were female while 29.3% were male. The overall mortality in this study was 43.9%. The previously described prognostic scoring system when applied to cases of pIMHA in Victoria, Australia, was not found to show statistical significance for prognostification. None of the five prognostic factors were found to be independently significant for prognostification. CONCLUSION Application of the previously described prognostic scoring system indicated that it may not be reliable for predicting prognoses of dogs with pIMHA in Victoria, Australia.
An Attempt to Identify the Personality Dimensions of the Violent Offender.

Thirty violent and thirty nonviolent youthful offenders were administered the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. A factor analysis of this battery produced two orthogonal factors accounting for three-quarters of the total variance. Factor I was a unipolar Hostility/Neuroticism factor and Factor II was a bipolar Psychoticism vs Extraversion factor. The two groups did not differ significantly from each other on either factor or on an optimal combination of both. Implications for future research are drawn.
Interaction of the Phosphotyrosine Interaction/Phosphotyrosine Binding-related Domains of Fe65 with Wild-type and Mutant Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Precursor Proteins*

The two tandem phosphotyrosine interaction/phosphotyrosine binding (PID/PTB) domains of the Fe65 protein interact with the intracellular region of the Alzheimer's β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). This interaction, previously demonstrated in vitro and in the yeast two hybrid system, also takes place in vivo in mammalian cells, as demonstrated here by anti-Fe65 co-immunoprecipitation experiments. This interaction differs from that occurring between other PID/PTB domain-containing proteins, such as Shc and insulin receptor substrate 1, and activated growth factor receptors as follows: (i) the Fe65-APP interaction is phosphorylation-independent; (ii) the region of the APP intracellular domain involved in the binding is larger than that of the growth factor receptor necessary for the formation of the complex with Shc; and (iii) despite a significant similarity the carboxyl-terminal regions of PID/PTB of Fe65 and of Shc are not functionally interchangeable in terms of binding cognate ligands. A role for Fe65 in the pathogenesis of familial Alzheimer's disease is suggested by the finding that mutant APP, responsible for some cases of familial Alzheimer's disease, shows an altered in vivo interaction with Fe65.
Motivating Lifelong Learning of English? Test Takers' Perceptions of the Success of the General English Proficiency Test

The General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) was developed in accordance with the Taiwanese Ministry of Education's three goals to improve learners' English proficiency, motivate English learning, and promote lifelong learning. This article used questionnaires to investigate the success of the GEPT in meeting these goals. As the GEPT is intended for Taiwanese English as a foreign language, learners from all walks of life (Wu, 2012), both student and non-student GEPT test takers were involved in this study (n = 384). Results showed that although most test takers responded that the GEPT was successful in making them feel that their English has improved, only a slight majority responded that the GEPT was successful in motivating them to learn English. Most test takers did not support the idea that the GEPT was successful in promoting lifelong learning. Probit regression was used to examine the relationships between these verdicts and variables such as test takers' background, motivational influences, feeling toward the GEPT, perceptions toward self-assessment, learner autonomy, and capacities for lifelong learning. Based on the findings, the article argues for a unique place of the GEPT in the Taiwanese context and reflects on the use of tests to promote lifelong learning of a foreign language.