Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiation Hormesis: Demonstrated, Deconstructed, Denied, Dismissed, and Some Implications for Public Policy

The prevailing view of regulatory agencies and advisory groups is that all radiation is bad for health, and exposure to any form of it should be minimized. While high-dose radiation, regardless of source or intention, is harmful to health, evidence is presented that chronic doses up to 100 times those of normal ambient (including medical) exposures are beneficial, mainly due to lower cancer rates. Further evidence is presented that single, acute doses of up to 50 rad are beneficial, including in treatment of cancer and gangrene. Data are cited to show that below-ambient radiation levels are unhealthful, and that some radiation may be essential for many life-forms.
EVOLVING STARBURST MODELING OF FAR-INFRARED/SUBMILLIMETER/MILLIMETER LINE EMISSION. II. APPLICATION TO M 82

We present starburst models for far-infrared/sub-millimeter/millimeter line emission of molecular and atomic gas in an evolving starburst region, which is treated as an ensemble of noninteracting hot bubbles that drive spherical shells of swept-up gas into a surrounding uniform gas medium. These bubbles and shells are driven by stellar winds and supernovae within massive star clusters formed during an instantaneous starburst. The underlying stellar radiation from the evolving clusters affects the properties and structure of photodissociation regions (PDRs) in the shells, and hence the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the molecular and atomic line emission from these swept-up shells and the associated parent giant molecular clouds contain a signature of the stage of evolution of the starburst. The physical and chemical properties of the shells and their structure are computed using a simple, well-known similarity solution for the shell expansion, a stellar population synthesis code, and a time-dependent PDR chemistry model. The SEDs for several molecular and atomic lines (12CO and its isotope 13CO, HCN, HCO+, C, O, and C+) are computed using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium line radiative transfer model. By comparing our models with the available observed data of nearby infrared bright galaxies, especially M 82, we constrain the models and in the case of M 82, we provide estimates for the ages (5–6 Myr, 10 Myr) of recent starburst activity. We also derive a total H2 gas mass of ∼(2–3.4) × 108 M☉ for the observed regions of the central 1 kpc starburst disk of M 82.
Relabeling Syntax Trees to Improve Syntax-Based Machine Translation Quality

We identify problems with the Penn Tree-bank that render it imperfect for syntax-based machine translation and propose methods of relabeling the syntax trees to improve translation quality. We develop a system incorporating a handful of relabeling strategies that yields a statistically significant improvement of 2.3 BLEU points over a baseline syntax-based system.
Reflections on some aspects of infinite groups

Abstract In this paper we survey and reflect upon several aspects of the theory of infinite finitely generated and finitely presented groups that were originally motivated by work of Gilbert Baumslag. All but the last of the topics we have chosen are all related in one way or another to the theory of limit groups and the solution of the Tarski problems. These include the residually free and fully residually free properties and the big powers condition; Baumslag doubles and extensions of centralizers; residually-𝒳 groups and extensions of results of Benjamin Baumslag and finally the relationship between CT and CSA groups.
A Fuzzy Logic Trust Model for Secure Routing in Smart Grid Networks

Smart grids require communication networks to convey sensing and control data for improving the efficiency of energy generation, transmission, and delivery. As a result, smart girds become vulnerable to various types of cyber-attacks. Trust models were recognized as one of the important methods of defending a large communication network against malicious cyber-attacks. In this paper, a fuzzy logic trust model is proposed to detect untrusted nodes in smart grid networks, and compared with an existing model to show its advantages. Using this proposed model, both the routing efficiency and the detection rate for all types of considered malicious behaviors can be improved. In comparison with the existing lightweight and dependable trust system model, the proposed model improves the packet dropping rate by up to 90% when the percentage of malicious nodes is less than 25%, as verified by simulations.
Association of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms With Oral Cancer Susceptibility

AbstractOur meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the association of CYP1A1 and glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms with oral cancer susceptibility.The related articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases. Fifty eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the relationship of CYP1A1 (rs4646903 and rs1048943) and GSTM1 polymorphisms with oral cancer risk. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was employed depending on the heterogeneity.In overall analysis, CYP1A1 rs4646903 polymorphism was associated with the risk of oral cancer (CC vs TT: OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.33–2.05; CC vs TC+TT: OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.48–2.11; C vs T: OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.28), whereas rs1048943 showed no obvious association with oral cancer susceptibility. Moreover, subgroup analysis by ethnicity demonstrated that rs4646903 and rs1048943 both related with increased risk of oral cancer in Asians. Moreover, the analysis based on source of control suggested that rs4646903 could increase the risk for oral cancer in both population- and hospital-based populations, whereas no remarkable relationship of rs1048943 with oral cancer susceptibility was observed. For GSTM1 gene, null genotype appeared to be a risk factor for oral cancer (null vs present: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.34), which was also proved in the subgroup analysis.The results demonstrated that CYP1A1 rs4646903 and null genotype of GSTM1 polymorphisms might serve as risk factors for oral cancer.
I May Not Agree With You, but I Trust You: Caring About Social Issues Signals Integrity

What characteristics of an individual signal trustworthiness to other people? I propose that individuals who care about contentious social issues signal to observers that they have integrity and thus can be trusted. Critically, this signal conveys trustworthiness whether or not the target and the observer hold the same view on the issue. Five studies (N = 3,817) demonstrated the predicted effect of caring on integrity-based trust (Studies 1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 4)—even in cases of strong disagreement—across a variety of issues (Study 1) and when behavioral outcomes with real stakes were used (Studies 3a and 3b). This effect largely results from a perception of low-caring targets as particularly untrustworthy (Study 2). Additionally, participants trusted targets with staunchly opposing views about an issue even though they simultaneously disliked them (Study 4). These findings have important implications for how people form impressions of others and speak to potential interventions to help mitigate the growing ideological divide.
Predictive assessment of ochratoxin A accumulation in grape juice based‐medium by Aspergillus carbonarius using neural networks

Aims: To study the ability of multi‐layer perceptron artificial neural networks (MLP‐ANN) and radial‐basis function networks (RBFNs) to predict ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration over time in grape‐based cultures of Aspergillus carbonarius under different conditions of temperature, water activity (aw) and sub‐inhibitory doses of the fungicide carbendazim.
Motor Endplate—Anatomical, Functional, and Molecular Concepts in the Historical Perspective

By mediating voluntary muscle movement, vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) play an extraordinarily important role in physiology. While the significance of the nerve-muscle connectivity was already conceived almost 2000 years back, the precise cell and molecular biology of the NMJ have been revealed in a series of fascinating research activities that started around 180 years ago and that continues. In all this time, NMJ research has led to fundamentally new concepts of cell biology, and has triggered groundbreaking advancements in technologies. This review tries to sketch major lines of thought and concepts on NMJ in their historical perspective, in particular with respect to anatomy, function, and molecular components. Furthermore, along these lines, it emphasizes the mutual benefit between science and technology, where one drives the other. Finally, we speculate on potential major future directions for studies on NMJ in these fields.
After-School Time and Children's Behavioral Adjustment.

After-school time was examined for 206 urban children in first through fourth grades. The sample varied in race/ethnicity (African American, European American, and Hispanic American children) and SES. Children spent time after school in a variety of settings, engaged in a range of activities. Mothers/guardians of lower-in come children reported greater externalizing problems among children in unsuper vised care (self-care or sibling care), and fewer internalizing problems among children attending after-school programs, after controlling for family and child char acteristics. There were no such associations for middle-income children. Children
Species Distribution Model for Management of an Invasive Vine in Forestlands of Eastern Texas

Invasive plants decrease biodiversity, modify vegetation structure, and inhibit growth and reproduction of native species. Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is the most prevalent invasive vine in the forestlands of eastern Texas. Hence, we aimed to identify potential factors influencing the distribution of the species, quantify the relative importance of each factor, and test possible management strategies. We analyzed an extensive dataset collected as part of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service to quantify the range expansion of Japanese honeysuckle in the forestlands of eastern Texas from 2006 to 2011. We then identified potential factors influencing the likelihood of presence of Japanese honeysuckle using boosted regression trees. Our results indicated that the presence of Japanese honeysuckle on sampled plots almost doubled during this period (from 352 to 616 plots), spreading extensively, geographically. The probability of invasion was correlated with variables representing landscape conditions, climatic conditions, forest features, disturbance factors, and forest management activities. Habitats most at risk to invasion under current conditions occurred primarily in northeastern Texas, with a few invasion hotspots in the south. Estimated probabilities of invasion were reduced most by artificial site regeneration, with habitats most at risk again occurring primarily in northeastern Texas.
Lensing system and Fourier transformation using epsilon-near-zero metamaterials

The authors acknowledge fruitful discussion with Mario Silveirinha from the Department of Electrical Engineering—Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, University of Coimbra, Portugal. Effort sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3078, and by the Spanish Government under contract Consolider “Engineering Metamaterials” CSD2008-00066.M. N. -C. acknowledges support from UPNA Mobility Grant 2010.
A hybrid approach for Sarcasm Detection of Social Media Data

In the course of the most recent couple of decades, Social networking and micro blogging websites such as twitter has allowed people to encounter in utilizing online assets. Twitter is rapidly gaining popularity as they allow the users to express and also share their opiniosns about certain related topics, which have been a mode for discussion with different communities, and messages are being posted across the world via this Social networking medium. A great deal of improvements has been observed in the field of sentimental analysis of twitter data. This project focuses mainly on sarcasm detection which is a major part of sentiment analysis of twitter data which is helpful to analyze the sarcasm in the tweets where views are miscellaneous and highly unstructured, or may be positive, negative, sarcastic, ironic or neutral in some cases. This research work borrows the ideas of utilizing different semi-supervised algorithms like Lexical Analysis with N-grams approach, Knowledge extraction, contrast approach, emoticon based approach and hyperbole approach to propose a new rule based Hybrid approach for sarcasm detection.
Verapamil Blocks Scopolamine Enhancement Effect on Memory Consolidation in Passive Avoidance Task in Rats

Our recent data have indicated that scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, improves memory consolidation, in a passive avoidance task, tested in rats. It has been found that verapamil, a phenylalkylamine class of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, inhibits [3H] N-methyl scopolamine binding to M1 muscarinic receptors. However, there are no data about the effect of verapamil on memory consolidation in the passive avoidance task, in rats. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of verapamil (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, or 20 mg/kg i.p.) as well as the interaction between scopolamine and verapamil on memory consolidation in the step-through passive avoidance task, in Wistar rats. Our results showed that verapamil (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg) administered immediately after the acquisition task significantly increased the latency of the passive avoidance response, on the 48 h retested trial, improving memory consolidation. On the other hand, verapamil in a dose of 5 mg/kg, that per se does not affect memory consolidation, significantly reversed the memory consolidation improvement induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p., administered immediately after verapamil treatment) but did not change the passive avoidance response in rats treated by an ineffective dose of scopolamine (30 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present data suggest that (1) the post-training administration of verapamil, dose-dependently, improves the passive avoidance response; (2) verapamil, in ineffective dose, abolished the improvement of memory consolidation effect of scopolamine; and (3) exists interaction between cholinergic muscarinic receptors and calcium homeostasis-related mechanisms in the consolidation of emotional memory.
Nonlinear Vibration and Instability Analysis of a PVDF Cylindrical Shell Reinforced with BNNTs Conveying Viscose Fluid Using HDQ Method

Using harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) method, nonlinear vibrations and instability of a smart composite cylindrical shell made from piezoelectric polymer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reinforced with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are investigated while clamped at both ends and subjected to combined electro-thermo-mechanical loads and conveying a viscous-fluid. The mathematical modeling of the cylindrical shell and the resulting nonlinear coupling governing equations between mechanical and electrical fields are derived using Hamilton’s principle based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with the Donnell's non-linear shallow shell theory. The governing equations are discretized via HDQ method, and solved to obtain the resonant frequencies and critical flow velocities associated with divergence and flutter instabilities as well as re-stabilization of the system. Results indicate that the internal moving fluid plays an important role in the instability of the cylindrical shell. Application of a smart material such as PVDF improves significantly the stability and vibration of the system. © 2012 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.
Investigation of histopathological and cytogenetic effects on Lepomis gibbosus (Pisces: Perciformes) in the Çine stream (Aydın/Turkey) with determination of water pollution

Water quality and the distribution of some heavy metals in three different organs of Lepomis gibbosus from the Çine Stream were studied. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver, and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. Micronucleus (MN) formation in fish erytrocytes, as an indicator of chromosomal damage, has been increasingly used to detect the genotoxic potential of environmental contaminants. The frequency of MN was examined from samples of fish from the Çine Stream and a control group. MN frequency was higher in fish samples caught from the Çine Stream than that in the control group. The chemicals ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and sulphate were determined as parameters that possibly affect the gill, liver, and muscle morphology. Zn was the most accumulated metal in tissues as well as in water. Maximum metal accumulation occured in both liver and gills. For histopathological examinations, samples of gills, liver, and muscle tissues of L. gibbosus were studied by using light microscopy. In this study, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae were observed. Moreover, cellular proliferation developed with secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations or club deformation of secondary lamellae, as well as distribution of necrotic, hyperplastic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells, loss of cord structure, reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes, and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris and many dark particles were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution, and a decline or loss of striatation in muscle fibres were found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 560–571, 2005.
Socio-demographic variables as predictors of psychological well-being amongst the adolescents with hearing impairment in Southwest Nigeria

Studies on the psychological well-being of adolescents with hearing impairment are generally scanty and have not sufficiently addressed socio-demographic variables of interest on the psychological well-being of such adolescents. This study, therefore, investigated the relative contributions and predictive value of age, gender and socio-economic status on psychological Well-being of adolescents with hearing impairment in southwest, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design of ex-post facto type. Purposive sampling was used to select eight senior secondary schools and 491 adolescents with hearing impairment using a battery operated audiometer. Two validated instruments were used to gather data for the study. Two research questions were answered. Data were analysed using multiple regression analysis. Two (Age- B= .309; t = 1.250; p>.05 and Gender-B= 1.961; t = 1.241; p>.05) of the three independent variables could lowly predict psychological well being, while Socio-Economic Status (B= -.214; t = 1.076; p>.05) has a discordant prediction to psychological well being. Age and gender made significant contributions that are, even though, low but Socio-Economic Status accounted for the least contribution towards psychological well being. Hearing impaired adolescents and their managers be exposed to training workshops on positive development of age and gender. Counselling psychologists and special educators via this finding should provide a strong basis for bridging the gap in past research on the concreteness and gravity of psychological well-being among the hearing impaired adolescents in southwestern Nigeria. Keywords : Psychological well-being, Adolescents, Hearing impairment, Age, Gender
Intermittent Suckling in Combination with an Older Weaning Age Improves Growth, Feed Intake and Aspects of Gastrointestinal Tract Carbohydrate Absorption in Pigs after Weaning †

Simple Summary The weaning of piglets involves abrupt changes that often cause reduced production and predisposition to gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. Increasing the weaning age or using gradual weaning are techniques that can improve post-weaning performance. In this study, it is shown that an older weaning age (day 35) in combination with intermittent suckling (daily separation of piglets from the sow for 8 h in the week before weaning) improved growth rate, feed intake and aspects of gastrointestinal tract carbohydrate absorption after weaning. However, intermittent suckling and weaning at 28 days did not seem to improve post-weaning performance in this study. Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that intermittent suckling (IS) with or without an older weaning age would improve post-weaning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) carbohydrate absorptive capacity in pigs while reducing post-weaning stress and aspects of the inflammatory response. Three weaning regimes using primiparous sows were compared: (1) conventional weaning (CW28) (n = 22), where piglets were weaned conventionally at day 28; (2) IS28 (n = 21), where IS started at day 21 until weaning at day 28; and (3) IS35 (n = 21), where IS started at day 28 until weaning at day 35. Sugar absorption tests (10% mannitol or 10% galactose) were used to measure GIT absorptive capacity. All measured parameters were compared in relation to weaning across treatments (i.e., different physiological ages were compared). The IS35 pigs grew fastest in the 12 days after weaning (p < 0.01) and had the highest solid feed intake before and after weaning (p < 0.05). Irrespective of treatment, pre-weaning mannitol levels were higher than post-weaning levels (p < 0.01), whereas post-weaning galactose levels were highest in IS35 pigs (p < 0.01). Cytokine data did not show any treatment effects. In conclusion, these data suggest that IS in combination with an older weaning age (day 35) improved post-weaning adaptation as evidenced by improvements in performance measures and galactose absorption. However, IS28 did not improve post-weaning performance.
DNA barcoding and evaluation of genetic diversity in Cyprinidae fish in the midstream of the Yangtze River

Abstract The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and is divided into upstream and mid‐downstream regions by the Three Gorges (the natural barriers of the Yangtze River), resulting in a complex distribution of fish. Dramatic changes to habitat environments may ultimately threaten fish survival; thus, it is necessary to evaluate the genetic diversity and propose protective measures. Species identification is the most significant task in many fields of biological research and in conservation efforts. DNA barcoding, which constitutes the analysis of a short fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence, has been widely used for species identification. In this study, we collected 561 COI barcode sequences from 35 fish from the midstream of the Yangtze River. The intraspecific distances of all species were below 2% (with the exception of Acheilognathus macropterus and Hemibarbus maculatus). Nevertheless, all species could be unambiguously identified from the trees, barcoding gaps and taxonomic resolution ratio values. Furthermore, the COI barcode diversity was found to be low (≤0.5%), with the exception of H. maculatus (0.87%), A. macropterus (2.02%) and Saurogobio dabryi (0.82%). No or few shared haplotypes were detected between the upstream and downstream populations for ten species with overall nucleotide diversities greater than 0.00%, which indicated the likelihood of significant population genetic structuring. Our analyses indicated that DNA barcoding is an effective tool for the identification of cyprinidae fish in the midstream of the Yangtze River. It is vital that some protective measures be taken immediately because of the low COI barcode diversity.