Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN'S FAMILIAL ROLES:

Changes between 1977 and 1985 in women's and men's attitudes toward women's familial roles were examined using National Opinion Research Center General Social Survey data. Despite speculation that a backlash against feminism occurred during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and evidence from past studies of a possible slowdown in gender-role attitude change, the data show a significant increase in profeminist views of the wife and mother roles among both women and men. More of this change occurred within cohorts than through cohort succession. With the exception of college-graduate women, whose support for gender equality was high at both periods, the profeminist trend occurred about equally in all sociodemographic subgroups of the population, although even in 1985, men were less feminist in orientation than women.
R&d Investment Decision on Emerging Technology

The prosperity of emerging technology may be triggered by the occurrence of rare events, and once emerging technology booms, there may be an enormous market demand for it. This paper explores the firm's commercial and R&D investment decisions on emerging technology in real options framework. We think that, for the fear that a rare event which occurs prior to R&D success would trigger the emerging technology boom, the firm should carry out prospective R&D in the emerging technology innovation. So the impacts of the R&D hazard rate and the intensity of rare event arrival on the prospective R&D investment strategy are mainly addressed. There are two results. First, the firm is most likely to take the strategy at low, rather than high, probability of technological boom in market-driven innovation. Second, in technology-driven innovation, the huge potential profit of emerging technology in booming period can arouse more attention toward the firm. When the growth rate of profit flow in booming period rises to some degree, the firm may take this strategy unconditionally.
La méthode d'analyse des verbalisations libres: une application à la caractérisation des bruits de véhicules

La perception et la preference des bruits interieurs de sept vehicules ont ete etudiees lors d'une recherche experimentale. Soixante-douze sujets naifs realisaient trois tâches: (a) jugement numerique de dissemblance entre deux bruits presentes en paire; (b) choix du bruit prefere parmi les deux bruits presentes: (c) description verbale des similitudes et des differences des bruits presentes en paire. La methode d'analyse des verbalisations a ete appliquee pour l'etude. Cette methode permet de parametrer les facteurs qui caracterisent les bruits. Un test par differences semantiques a ete realise ensuite avec le meme type de bruits et les descripteurs issus de l'analyse des verbalisations. Les resultats montrent un bon accord entre les deux types de caracterisation des bruits (verbalisation libre et differences semantiques). Dans ce deuxieme cas, un entrainement a l'aide d'exemples sonores n'est pas indispensable.
Child Care Choices and Children’s Cognitive Achievement: The Case of Single Mothers

We evaluate the effect of child care versus maternal time inputs on child cognitive development using single mothers from the NLSY79. To deal with nonrandom selection of children into child care, we exploit the exogenous variation in welfare policy rules facing single mothers. In particular, the 1996 welfare reform and earlier state-level policy changes generated substantial increases in their work/child care use. We construct a comprehensive set of welfare policy variables and use them as instruments to estimate child cognitive ability production functions. In our baseline specification, we estimate that a year of child care reduces child test scores by 2.1%.
Vector abstraction and concretization for scalable detection of refactorings

Automated techniques have been proposed to either identify refactoring opportunities (i.e., code fragments that can be but have not yet been restructured in a program), or reconstruct historical refactorings (i.e., code restructuring operations that have happened between different versions of a program). In this paper, we propose a new technique that can detect both refactoring opportunities and historical refactorings in large code bases. The key of our technique is the design of vector abstraction and concretization operations that can encode code changes induced by certain refactorings as characteristic vectors. Thus, the problem of identifying refactorings can be reduced to the problem of identifying matching vectors, which can be solved efficiently. We have implemented our technique for Java. The prototype is applied to 200 bundle projects from the Eclipse ecosystem containing 4.5 million lines of code, and reports in total more than 32K instances of 17 types of refactoring opportunities, taking 25 minutes on average for each type. The prototype is also applied to 14 versions of 3 smaller programs (JMeter, Ant, XML-Security), and detects (1) more than 2.8K refactoring opportunities within individual versions with a precision of about 87%, and (2) more than 190 historical refactorings across consecutive versions of the programs with a precision of about 92%.
Combining IS Research Methods: Towards a Pluralist Methodology

This paper puts forward arguments in favor of a pluralist approach to IS research. Rather than advocating a single paradigm, be it interpretive or positivist, or even a plurality of paradigms within the discipline as a whole, it suggests that research results will be richer and more reliable if different research methods, preferably from different (existing) paradigms, are routinely combined together. The paper is organized into three sections after the Introduction. In Â§2, the main arguments for the desirability of multimethod research are put forward, while Â§3 discusses its feasibility in theory and practice. Â§4 outlines two frameworks that are helpful in designing mixed-method research studies. These are illustrated with a critical evaluation of three examples of empirical research.
Customer expectations for interactions with service providers: Relationship versus encounter orientation and personalized service communication

This study examined customer expectations for interactions with service providers in public, commercial service contexts. Two customer surveys revealed significant differences in expectations for "relationships" versus "encounters," and for personalized service communication in varied service contexts. The surveys also revealed that customers who expect relationships with providers tend to expect personalized service communication from those providers. Customers' current involvement in service relationships predicted their expectations for relationships versus encounters with service providers. Post hoc interviews also suggested that customers have distinct social expectations and time use expectations that coincide with their expectations for relationships or encounters and personalized service communication from different types of providers.
Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and pulmonary carcinoma

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in lymphoblasts from normal Finnish adults and from patients with pulmonary carcinomas and other types of malignancy has been studied by a modification of previously used techniques. High absolute induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was found in 39% of patients with untreated lung cancer but only in 15% of normal people. No increased frequency was found in the control group comprising other malignancies. The diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma was made at a lower mean age (4.9 years younger) in the individuals with high aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity than in those with low activity. High absolute aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was dominantly inherited in normal individuals, and the frequency of the Ahb gene in the Finnish population was 8%.
Managing employee creativity and health in nursing homes : the moderating role of matching job resources and matching occupational rewards

Health care staff in nursing homes are facing increasingly high job demands at work, which can have a detrimental impact on their health and work motivation. The Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) Model offers a theoretical framework to study how matching job resources and matching occupational rewards can buffer the adverse effects of high job demands. The aim of this study is to test the moderating role of matching job resources and matching occupational rewards in the relation between corresponding job demands and employee creativity and adverse health (i.e., emotional exhaustion and physical health complaints). A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 184 health care workers from a nursing home in The Netherlands. Hierarchical regression analyses showed the proposed 3-way interaction effects of matching cognitive job resources and matching cognitive occupational rewards on the relation between cognitive job demands and employee creativity. In general, findings showed more moderating effects of job resources than of occupational rewards. In line with DISC theory, it is recommended that employers provide health care workers with those job resources that match the type of job demands concerned, conditioned by matching occupational rewards.
Factors affecting marital happiness of caregivers of the elderly in multigenerational families

Abstract Researchers have hypothesized that providing care to an elderly relative can negatively affect marital relationships of caregivers. However, no research has directly examined this issue. This study explored the impact of elderly depression and impairment, mental caregiving, caregiver/elderly person relationship closeness, spouse burden, and caregiver burden on caregiver marital happiness (and adjustment) in 90 multigenerational families. No significant relationship was found between these variables and caregiver marital adjustment. A causal model involving the six independent variables and caregiver marital happiness was developed and tested. Elderly depression and caregiver burden directly affected level of caregiver marital happiness. The other four independent variables affected caregiver marital happiness indirectly through caregiver burden. Implications for marriage and family therapists are discussed.
Efficacy of bevacizumab with cisplatin and gemcitabine in Asian patients with advanced or recurrent non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer who have not received prior chemotherapy: A substudy of the Avastin in Lung trial

Aim: The phase III AVAiL study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti‐vascular epidermal growth factor agent bevacizumab combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report the results of a preplanned analysis of Asian patients enrolled in AVAiL.
Reproductive biology, sexual dimorphism, and population structure of the deep sea hydrothermal vent scale-worm, Branchipolynoe seepensis (Polychaeta: Polynoidae)

The polychaete family Polynoidae (scale-worms) is well-represented at deep sea hydrothermal vents. Most species are free-living in a wide range of habitats: from high-temperature hydrothermal `chimney' walls to diffuse venting areas. Conversely, species of the genus Branchipolynoe live inside the mantle cavity of vent and seep mytilids. Specimens, morphologically close to Branchipolynoe seepensis, have been reported from all the known vent areas on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), with varying infestation rates (0–6 individuals per host). Reproductive tract, gametogenesis and population structures were examined for specimens from the Lucky Strike vent field (MAR) in order to test whether this species displays dwarf males, protandric hermaphroditism or differential mortality between males and females. Observations of histological sections reveal the presence of fully developed ovaries in females which originate ventrally in segments 7–9 and of an unusual genital tract in which both sperm and mature oocytes are stored. Oogenesis is intraovarian and quasi-continuous. The vitellogenic oocytes are only free in the coelom at their terminal growing stage and are then transferred into an ovisac through spermathecae. The species displays an external sexual dimorphism in the number of genital papillae and the shape of the pygidial appendages. Sex ratios showed significant deviations from a 1:1 expected ratio, in favour of females. The modal decompositions of size–frequency histograms show the occurrence of three modes in females and only two modes in males, indicating discrete breeding periods. The two first modes were not significantly different between males and females. These results indicate that B. seepensis forms heterosexual pairs and uses internal fertilization to reproduce during discrete spawning periods. Differential mortality between males and females is likely to shape size-histograms as observed by preventing males from reaching the female proportions. Such an observation could be a result of either cannibalism on larger males, small sizes facilitating the male escape, or natural predation when males move from one bivalve to another to breed.
Gender Differences in Self‐Ratings of Abilities and Skills

Students' ratings of their abilities and skills were examined in relationship to self-esteem and to their ratings of same-gender peers. Participants were 112 students (59 women and 53 men) who were administered the Rosenberg (1965) self-esteem scale and a questionnaire assessing self-ratings of 14 general abilities and 30 specific skills, as well as peer ratings of the skills. Results indicated that (a) gender differences were observed on 3 of the 14 general abilities, (b) there were significant interactions between gender, peer versus self-ratings and skill areas, and (c) self-esteem scores were related to some of the self-ratings.
The Effects of Stimulus Context on Paper-and-Pencil Spatial Task Performance

Abstract Because the ecological validity of many water-level tasks used to test the perception and concept of horizontality has been questioned, the present study assessed performance on a task embedded in a familiar context—a person drinking a liquid from a glass. Two water-level tasks were performed by 104 college students. Sex differences were replicated: Men performed more accurately than women on both tasks. Unexpectedly, men did not perform more accurately and women performed less accurately on the ecologically valid task than on the standard water-level task. Results are discussed with reference to the task demands of paper-and-pencil spatial tasks.
Combined Effects of Time Spent in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and Sleep on Obesity and Cardio-Metabolic Health Markers: A Novel Compositional Data Analysis Approach

The associations between time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviors (SB) and physical activity with health are usually studied without taking into account that time is finite during the day, so time spent in each of these behaviors are codependent. Therefore, little is known about the combined effect of time spent in sleep, SB and physical activity, that together constitute a composite whole, on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers. Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2005–6 cycle on N = 1937 adults, was undertaken using a compositional analysis paradigm, which accounts for this intrinsic codependence. Time spent in SB, light intensity (LIPA) and moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) was determined from accelerometry and combined with self-reported sleep time to obtain the 24 hour time budget composition. The distribution of time spent in sleep, SB, LIPA and MVPA is significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, plasma glucose, plasma insulin (all p<0.001), and systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.003), but not HDL or LDL. Within the composition, the strongest positive effect is found for the proportion of time spent in MVPA. Strikingly, the effects of MVPA replacing another behavior and of MVPA being displaced by another behavior are asymmetric. For example, re-allocating 10 minutes of SB to MVPA was associated with a lower waist circumference by 0.001% but if 10 minutes of MVPA is displaced by SB this was associated with a 0.84% higher waist circumference. The proportion of time spent in LIPA and SB were detrimentally associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease markers, but the association with SB was stronger. For diabetes risk markers, replacing SB with LIPA was associated with more favorable outcomes. Time spent in MVPA is an important target for intervention and preventing transfer of time from LIPA to SB might lessen the negative effects of physical inactivity.
La précarité, une catégorie française à l'épreuve de la comparaison internationale

Precarite est devenu en France, a partir des annees quatre-vingt, un terme d’une polysemie extreme, utilise a la fois dans le discours politique et la recherche. C’est en effet d’abord une categorie politique. Une revue des usages en sociologie montre que le terme est a la fois marque par son origine du cote de la sociologie de la famille, puis par son usage specifique pour caracteriser les situations d’emploi, et enfin par un usage qui qualifie la societe dans son ensemble. Une recherche comparative dans les cinq pays les plus peuples de l’Union europeenne montre que le terme n’est pas directement utilisable pour les comparaisons internationales : une mesure comparative de la precarite en Europe n’est pas possible. Il faut alors construire d’autres categories plus specifiques qui, tout en etant elles-memes imparfaites, permettent de saisir des dimensions de ce que la coutume francaise a pris l’habitude de ranger sous un terme aux significations proliferantes.
Long-term outcomes of alcohol use disorders: comparing untreated individuals with those in alcoholics anonymous and formal treatment.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine how the type and timing of help received over 8 years by previously untreated problem drinking individuals were linked to drinking and functioning outcomes. METHOD At the time of the 8-year follow-up, individuals (N= 466, 51% male) had self-selected into four groups: no treatment (n = 78), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) only (n = 66), formal treatment only (n = 74), or formal treatment plus AA (n = 248). RESULTS Individuals who received some type of help--AA, formal treatment or both--were more likely to be abstinent at 8 years than were untreated individuals. Although the AA only group was better off than the formal treatment only group at 1 and 3 years, the informally and formally treated groups were equivalent on drinking outcomes at 8 years. Similarly, despite the formal treatment plus AA group having been better off at 1 and 3 years than the formal treatment only group, the two formal treatment groups were comparable on drinking at 8 years. Both helped and untreated individuals improved between baseline and 1 year on drinking outcomes, but only formally treated individuals showed continued improvement over 8 years on drinking indices. Participation in AA or formal treatment during Year 1 of follow-up was associated with better drinking outcomes at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who obtain help for a drinking problem, especially relatively quickly, do somewhat better on drinking outcomes over 8 years than those who do not receive help, but there is little difference between types of help on long-term drinking outcomes.
Work engagement in nursing practice

The concept of work engagement has existed in business and psychology literature for some time. There is a significant body of research that positively correlates work engagement with organizational outcomes. To date, the interest in the work engagement of nurses has primarily been related to these organizational outcomes. However, the value of work engagement in nursing practice is not only an issue of organizational interest, but of ethical interest. The dialogue on work engagement in nursing must expand to include the ethical importance of engagement. The relational nature of work engagement and the multiple levels of influence on nurses’ work engagement make a relational ethics approach to work engagement in nursing appropriate and necessary. Within a relational ethics perspective, it is evident that work engagement enables nurses to have meaningful relationships in their work and subsequently deliver ethical care. In this article, I argue that work engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice. If engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice, the environmental and organizational factors that influence work engagement must be closely examined to pursue the creation of moral communities within healthcare environments.
Generation of cortical neurons from human induced-pluripotent stem cells by biodegradable polymeric microspheres loaded with priming factors

Ischemic stroke is often associated with loss of cortical neurons leading to various neurological deficits. A cell replacement based on stem cell transplantation to repair the damaged brain requires the generation of specific neuronal subtypes. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to generate various subtypes of neurons in vitro for transplantation in stroke-damaged brains. However, whether these cells can be primed as neuronal precursors to become cortical projection neurons by means of biomaterials releasing differentiation factors is not known. Here, we report that microspheres of biodegradable poly(ester-amide) composed of adipic acid, L-phenyl-alanine and 1,4-butanediol, loaded with differentiation factors, can be used to fate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived long-term expandable neuroepithelial-like stem cells to cortical projection neurons. The three factors, Wnt3A, BMP4 and cyclopamine, were released from loaded microspheres over at least one month following biphasic dynamic time course, promoting cortical differentiation of the cells in vitro. Microspheres did not evoke significant inflammatory response after transplantation into intact rodent brain. Our study shows the potential of biodegradable polymer microspheres to promote neuronal differentiation by continuous release of factors, thereby creating the appropriate microenvironment. This new strategy may improve the efficacy of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches.
Shear Performance of a Metal Foam Magnetorheological Fluid Damper

This paper mainly investigates the shear performance of a metal foam magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper. As for the damper, MR fluids are stored in metal foam in the action of magnetic field, MR fluids are drawn out from the metal foam, and then fill the shear gap, thus producing the MR effect. Based on previous research, as a sample, the metal foam nickel (Ni) is applied to store MR fluids, and the metal foam Ni MR fluid damper is designed and manufactured. A test rig, including the metal foam MR fluid damper, dc motor with speed controller, force sensor with amplifier, and DAQ card and PC with LabVIEW software, is built to study the shear performance. The effects of excitation current and shear rate on damping force are analyzed. Besides, considering the influence of different currents on magnetic field, a series of magnetic field simulations on the damper are carried out in ANSYS FEM software. The results show that the excitation current is the key factor to damping force of the damper; with the increasing of the current, the damping force will increase. However, once the current is above 1.5 A, the increment is no longer obvious. Besides, damping force will decrease with the share rate increasing.
Forming and Transforming Self-Experience

This article addresses the formation and transformation of self-experience with a central emphasis on therapeutic change. Focusing on motivation and organization of experience and their emergence within the analyst–patient dyadic system, the author develops a theory of therapeutic action that involves two fundamental pathways of analytic change that operate in tandem: the explicit mutually exploratory/reflective avenue to therapeutic change and the co-creation of new relational experience.