Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hand Surgeon’s Advanced Experience with Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndrome

Abstract Although hand surgeons may often see patients with arm and hand pain, numbness and tingling in their practice, the possibility of the presence of thoracic outlet compression syndrome (TOCS) is not often considered. In our practice almost half of newly referred patients have the complaint of upper extremity pain, numbness and tingling. In approximately 50% of these patients detailed history and physical examination are suggestive of TOCS. For this reason it is quite important to recognize the possibility of the existence of this condition. Very often in the past, and occasionally today, this condition has been considered a controversial subject by numerous physicians because of the absence of objective findings in many patients. For several years it has been very well known that the objective findings are present in about 10% of patients and the remaining 90% of patients have subjective complaints. For this reason it has been one of the most commonly underrated, overlooked, and misdiagnosed conditions. During the last 22 years our experience with combined surgical approach for this condition (transaxillary first rib resection with immediate transcervical anterior and middle scalenectomy) has been quite satisfactory. During these years over 850 of these procedures were performed. Between 1989 and 2002 (13 years) 532 patients from a wide geographic area had this combined approach procedure. We were able to locate 358 of these patients for follow-up and of those only 102 responded to our questionnaire. Of the 102 who responded, 95 reported improvement of their symptoms. From 2003 to the middle of 2012, 350 patients from a wide region had this combined procedure. We sent a questionnaire to these patients and had only 57 to respond. Of those who responded, there were 19 bilateral interventions performed a few months apart, with a total of 76 procedures performed. Results based on these 76 procedures revealed 95% improvement of their symptoms. This combined approach for TOCS is the most complete intervention with high rate of improvement and low rate of recurrences.
Treatment of anaemia in dialysis patients with unit dosing of darbepoetin alfa at a reduced dose frequency relative to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo).

BACKGROUND Darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoietic agent with a 3-fold longer elimination half-life than recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo), which allows less frequent dosing. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of darbepoetin alfa for treating anaemia in dialysis patients, using a dosing regimen that was independent of the patient's body weight (unit dosing). METHODS Dialysis patients (n=341) maintained on rHuEpo treatment (alfa or beta) were switched to darbepoetin alfa at a reduced dosing frequency, but by the same route of administration [intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.)]. Patients receiving rHuEpo two or three times weekly changed to once-weekly darbepoetin alfa, and those receiving rHuEpo once weekly changed to once every other week darbepoetin alfa. The unit doses of darbepoetin alfa (10-150 microg) were titrated to maintain haemoglobin concentrations within -1.0 and +1.5 g/dl of the individual mean baseline haemoglobin and between 10 and 13 g/dl for 24 weeks. RESULTS Mean change in haemoglobin from baseline to the evaluation period (weeks 21-24) was 0.13 g/dl (95% CI, 0.01, 0.25), which was not clinically relevant. An analysis by route of administration revealed that mean haemoglobin concentrations had increased by 0.58 g/dl (95% CI, 0.33, 0.82) in patients receiving i.v. darbepoetin alfa, and previously treated with i.v. rHuEpo, while remaining unchanged in s.c. patients (0.00 g/dl; 95% CI, -0.13, 0.13) previously treated by s.c. rHuEpo. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean weekly i.v. darbepoetin alfa dose requirements from 25.2 microg/week at baseline to 21.5 microg/week (P=0.004) during the evaluation period (-17.3%). Subcutaneous weekly dosage requirements increased slightly during the study period (20.8 to 22.7 microg/week; P=0.014). An i.v. /s.c. dose ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.78, 1.14) at evaluation confirms previous findings that dose requirements by the i.v. and s.c. routes were not different in patients treated with darbepoetin alfa. Haemoglobin concentrations were also effectively maintained in patients who received darbepoetin alfa once weekly and once every other week. Darbepoetin alfa was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of renal anaemia in dialysis patients with unit doses of darbepoetin alfa effectively and safely maintains target haemoglobin concentrations with less frequent dosing. Dose requirements for darbepoetin alfa following i.v. and s.c. administration were not different. The results of this study demonstrate that darbepoetin alfa administered i.v. once weekly, or once every other week is an effective treatment regimen for haemodialysis patients with renal anaemia.
Changing undergraduate attitudes to mental illness

Promoting positive experiences of patient contact during psychiatry clerkships may be important in influencing medical students' attitudes to people with mental illness. Here we report findings from a focus group study that explored the impact on undergraduate attitudes of participation in a novel social interaction programme for people with mental illness and their carers, provided by a non‐governmental organisation (NGO).
A Case‐Control Study of Single and Multiple Stomach Cancers in Saitama Prefecture, Japan

A case‐control study of stomach cancer was done in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, in relation to dietary, smoking, and drinking habits. The study was based on two sets of cases (216 male single and 35 male multiple stomach cancer cases newly diagnosed and of adenocarcinoma type), and 483 male controls derived from residents of Saitama Prefecture. Dietary habits were investigated for the intake of 12 separate foods and 12 food groups by means of a food frequency questionnaire, including individual taste preferences. Among the single stomach cancer series, dose‐response relationships were observed for 7 dietary items (preference for salty foods, miso soup, boiled fish, pickled vegetables, nuts, raw vegetables, and seaweed) in the multiple logistic regession analysis. As for the multiple stomach cancer case series, dose‐response relationships were observed for 3 dietary items (miso soup, fruits, and seaweed) in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Cigarette smoking and alcohol use were not significantly related to the risk of either single or multiple stomach cancer.
from chimpanzees and macaques Extension of cortical synaptic development distinguishes humans Material Supplemental

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2012/01/04/gr.127324. 111.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/22/4/611.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 64 articles, 24 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Open Access option. Genome Research Freely available online through the License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ described at as a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Changing people’s lives for the better? Social mobility through sport-based intervention programmes:opportunities and constraints

Abstract This paper critically examines the capacity of sport-based intervention programmes to facilitate upward social mobility for disadvantaged young people. Social mobility is seen to comprise both objective and subjective dimensions, which are studied concurrently. The paper draws on a mixed methods study of the Vencer programme in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to analyse the development opportunities created by the programme as well as the constraints faced by participants in seeking to convert these opportunities into upward social mobility. The research combines qualitative and quantitative data using a complimentary design, where each type of data produced a particular kind of knowledge. It is concluded that participants’ opportunities for upward social mobility are strongly affected by structural factors emanating from the labour market and education system. Where social mobility does take place it is at an individual and relative level rather than at a collective or absolute level. Directions for future research into social mobility through sport are proposed.
Epidemiology of ADRs in Internal Medicine, HCC

We aimed to characterize, and analyze the presence of factors such as polypharmacy and personal medical history that predispose to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and potential preventability of these. The Civil Hospital of Culiacan (HCC), in Sinaloa, where the study was conducted has 80 beds in total, in which the Department of Internal Medicine with 24 beds: 12 for men and 12 for women, we found the part of the share to contribute to the 200,000 cases of ADRs that according with the WHO each of the countries members report every year to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre. We have not only but also ordered frequency of drugs, pathologies, and analytical tests of the hospitalized patients.
Does Child Abuse and Neglect Increase Risk for Perpetration of Violence Inside and Outside the Home?

OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which abused and neglected children perpetrate three different types of violence within and outside the home: criminal, child abuse, and intimate partner violence and determine whether childhood maltreatment leads to an increased risk for poly-violence perpetration. METHOD Using data from a prospective cohort design study, children (ages 0-11) with documented histories of physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect (n = 676) were matched with children without such histories (n = 520) and assessed in young adulthood (average age 29). Official criminal records in conjunction with self-report data were used to assess violent outcomes. RESULTS Compared to the control group, individuals with histories of child abuse and/or neglect were significantly more likely to be poly-violence perpetrators, perpetrating violence in all three domains (relative risk = 1.26). All forms of childhood maltreatment (physical and sexual abuse and neglect) significantly predicted poly-violence perpetration. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the cycle of violence literature by combining the distinct literatures on criminal violence, child abuse, and partner violence to call attention to the phenomenon of poly-violence perpetration by maltreated children. Future research should examine the characteristics of maltreated children who become poly-violence perpetrators and mechanisms that lead to these outcomes.
Preferential Interaction of ω-Conotoxins with Inactivated N-type Ca2+ Channels

The selective block of N-type Ca2+ channels by ω-conotoxins has been a hallmark of these channels, critical in delineating their biological roles and molecular characteristics. Here we report that the ω-conotoxin-channel interaction depends strongly on channel gating. N-type channels (α1B, α2, and β1) expressed in Xenopusoocytes were blocked with a variety of ω-conotoxins, including ω-CTx-GVIA, ω-CTx-MVIIA, and SNX-331, a derivative of ω-CTx-MVIIC. Changes in holding potential (HP) markedly altered the severity of toxin block and the kinetics of its onset and removal. Notably, strong hyperpolarization renders ω-conotoxin block completely reversible. These effects could be accounted for by a modulated receptor model, in which toxin dissociation from the inactivated state is ∼60-fold slower than from the resting state. Because ω-conotoxins act exclusively outside cells, our results suggest that voltage-dependent inactivation of Ca2+channels must be associated with an externally detectable conformational change.
Pure epileptic headache and related manifestations: a video-EEG report and discussion of terminology

We present the first video-EEG recording of episodes of “epileptic headache”. The case reported is that of a 9-year-old girl with brief episodes (of a few minutes) of severe frontal headache, which corresponded to the presence of concurrent spikes and slowwaves, starting in the right temporal area. A dysplastic lesion of the right temporal lobe was observed by MRI and the patient received surgery, with subsequent disappearance of headaches. This case highlights ictal EEG as the main diagnostic tool for epileptic headache. We discuss the terminology regarding this type of manifestation and believe that cases without subsequent epileptic manifestations, as in the present case, should be more appropriately referred to as “pure ictal epileptic headache” or simply “pure epileptic headache”.
Point mutations in TOR confer Rheb-independent growth in fission yeast and nutrient-independent mammalian TOR signaling in mammalian cells

Rheb is a unique member of the Ras superfamily GTP-binding proteins. We as well as others previously have shown that Rheb is a critical component of the TSC/TOR signaling pathway. In fission yeast, Rheb is encoded by the rhb1 gene. Rhb1p is essential for growth and directly interacts with Tor2p. In this article, we report identification of 22 single amino acid changes in the Tor2 protein that enable growth in the absence of Rhb1p. These mutants also exhibit decreased mating efficiency. Interestingly, the mutations are located in the C-terminal half of the Tor2 protein, clustering mainly within the FAT and kinase domains. We noted some differences in the effect of a mutation in the FAT domain (L1310P) and in the kinase domain (E2221K) on growth and mating. Although the Tor2p mutations bypass Rhb1p's requirement for growth, they are incapable of suppressing Rhb1p's requirement for resistance to stress and toxic amino acids, pointing to multiple functions of Rhb1p. In mammalian systems, we find that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) carrying analogous mutations (L1460P or E2419K), although sensitive to rapamycin, exhibits constitutive activation even when the cells are starved for nutrients. These mutations do not show significant difference in their ability to form complexes with Raptor, Rictor, or mLST8. Furthermore, we present evidence that mutant mTOR can complex with wild-type mTOR and that this heterodimer is active in nutrient-starved cells.
A detailed and flexible cycle-accurate Network-on-Chip simulator

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are becoming integral parts of modern microprocessors as the number of cores and modules integrated on a single chip continues to increase. Research and development of future NoC technology relies on accurate modeling and simulations to evaluate the performance impact and analyze the cost of novel NoC architectures. In this work, we present BookSim, a cycle-accurate simulator for NoCs. The simulator is designed for simulation flexibility and accurate modeling of network components. It features a modular design and offers a large set of configurable network parameters in terms of topology, routing algorithm, flow control, and router microarchitecture, including buffer management and allocation schemes. BookSim furthermore emphasizes detailed implementations of network components that accurately model the behavior of actual hardware. We have validated the accuracy of the simulator against RTL implementations of NoC routers.
Using Metaphors to Explore the Experiences of Powerlessness Among Women in Twelve-Step Substance Abuse Recovery

Jennifer L. Matheson Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Development Committee Chair: Eric McCollum Committee Members: Fred Piercy, Karen Rosen, & Peggy Meszaros April 8, 2005 Falls Church, Virginia Keywords: substance abuse; women; Twelve-Step; powerlessness; metaphor Copyright 2005, Jennifer L. Matheson
Intellectual capital disclosure and accounting standards

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the association between the intellectual capital disclosure level and the mandatory adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRS). This paper reports an empirical evidence for the impact of the mandatory adoption of IFRS on the disclosure level of intellectual capital, intangible and knowledge assets. Intellectual capital is categorized into process focus, customer focus, human focus, research and development focus. The linkages between intellectual capital and IFRS adoption are investigated in companies of high technology sector in the UK. A novel approach to measure the effect of the IFRS adoption on intellectual capital disclosure level is presented.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed measure was adopted from the information retrieval algorithm and intellectual capital framework. The empirical model was expanded from the econometric model. The primary data for investigating the interrelationships between intellectual capital and IFRS adop.
Earliest Human Presence in North America Dated to the Last Glacial Maximum: New Radiocarbon Dates from Bluefish Caves, Canada

The timing of the first entry of humans into North America is still hotly debated within the scientific community. Excavations conducted at Bluefish Caves (Yukon Territory) from 1977 to 1987 yielded a series of radiocarbon dates that led archaeologists to propose that the initial dispersal of human groups into Eastern Beringia (Alaska and the Yukon Territory) occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This hypothesis proved highly controversial in the absence of other sites of similar age and concerns about the stratigraphy and anthropogenic signature of the bone assemblages that yielded the dates. The weight of the available archaeological evidence suggests that the first peopling of North America occurred ca. 14,000 cal BP (calibrated years Before Present), i.e., well after the LGM. Here, we report new AMS radiocarbon dates obtained on cut-marked bone samples identified during a comprehensive taphonomic analysis of the Bluefish Caves fauna. Our results demonstrate that humans occupied the site as early as 24,000 cal BP (19,650 ± 130 14C BP). In addition to proving that Bluefish Caves is the oldest known archaeological site in North America, the results offer archaeological support for the “Beringian standstill hypothesis”, which proposes that a genetically isolated human population persisted in Beringia during the LGM and dispersed from there to North and South America during the post-LGM period.
The Integrated Model of Smartphone Adoption: Hedonic and Utilitarian Value Perceptions of Smartphones Among Korean College Students

This study aims to propose an integrated model of smartphone adoption that incorporates social influences (SIs), perceived technicality, as well as hedonic and utilitarian attitudes into the technology acceptance model. The proposed model was empirically evaluated by using survey data collected from 239 Korean college students to investigate their perception and attitudes toward smartphone adoption intention. Our results show that users' attitudes and their adoption intention are highly influenced by SI and positive self-image. This implies that a smartphone is a symbolic product that can signal affiliation and enhance the users' status in a group. The results also indicate that hedonic enjoyment is equally important as utilitarian usefulness in predicting the adoption intention, and the two variables mediate the relationships between SI, positive self-image, perceived technicality, and the intention to use. Consequently, the results reveal that smartphones are convergent media that can be viewed as both task-oriented and entertainment-oriented devices.
Recommending when Design Technical Debt Should be Self-Admitted

Previous research has shown how developers "selfadmit" technical debt introduced in the source code, commenting why such code represents a workaround or a temporary, incomplete solution. This paper investigates the extent to which previously self-admitted technical debt can be used to provide recommendations to developers when they write new source code, suggesting them when to "self-admit" design technical debt, or possibly when to improve the code being written. To achieve this goal, we have developed a machine learning approach named TEDIOUS (TEchnical Debt IdentificatiOn System), which leverages various kinds of method-level features as independent variables, including source code structural metrics, readability metrics and, last but not least, warnings raised by static analysis tools. We assessed TEDIOUS on data from nine open source projects for which there are available tagged self-admitted technical debt instances, also comparing the performances of different machine learners. Results of the study indicate that TEDIOUS achieves, when recommending self-admitted technical debts within a single project, an average precision of about 50% and a recall of 52%. When predicting cross-projects, TEDIOUS improves, achieving an average precision of 67% and a recall of 55%. Last, but not least, we noticed how TEDIOUS leverages readability, size and complexity metrics, as well as some warnings raised by static analysis tools.
How Nothing Became Something: White Space, Rhetoric, History, and Meaning

We seek to advance visual theory in the domain of commercial rhetoric (advertising) by demonstrating how objects and symbols derive meaning from their histories. We do this by examining a single visual trope common in advertising, white space. The choice of white space was purposeful in that it is not a picture and its history is both accessible and traceable. Our sociohistorical theory is supported by showing how specific movements and social forces acted upon the meaning of this particular visual rhetorical device and how this meaning is today shared and understood by both producers of ads (ad agency creative directors) and the readers of ads (ordinary consumers). We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this approach to rhetorical and other major theoretical formulations.
Extreme males – balanced females: sharing behavior in Korea

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine sharing behavior among male and female subjects in Korea who had been exposed to sensitive variables derived from the Korean cultural context. Design/methodology/approach – Experimental research methodology was applied based on the ultimatum game and a modified variant. The subject pool consisted of participants (N = 300) from five universities based in Seoul and its vicinity as well as Busan in South Korea. Findings – Significant differences in sharing behavior between men and women were observed. Men significantly altered behavior from egoistic to overly altruistic when exposed to the cultural variables, whereas women did not alter their behavior and maintained a fair and balanced behavior independent of the game condition. Practical implications – Results positively contribute to the current debate on gender-diversified top management teams and have implications for firms that could benefit from a greater variety of problem-solving approaches to increas.
Reward‐quality dependent anticipation in rat nucleus accumbens

SINGLE unit recording in rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc) was used to ascertain NAcc neuronal activity in mediating of reward including its anticipation. Of the 103 neurons investigated, 63% showed some response in connection with the task activity. Of these, 20 units responded during delivery of the primary reward (food and/or water) and five responded during the time period preceding reward if the reward was delayed (four to food, one to water). These result suggest that NAcc neurons responded not only to the delivery of primary reward and task inducing anticipation of reward, but also represent the difference of reward quality between food and water specifically.