Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age before beauty: an exploration of body image in African-American and Caucasian adult women

Research on body image emphasizes risks for eating disorders and typically involves young, Caucasian women. Few studies examine body image beyond the college years and there appears to be a disregard for the mature woman, as if self-acceptance of one's body is part of the aging process. Historically, it has been assumed that race is a protective factor against body dissatisfaction due to the perceived larger body ideal for women of color. Drawing upon interviews with Caucasian and African-American women from 20 to 80 years of age, this article explores body image across the lifespan. This analysis revealed that African-American and Caucasian women of all ages engage in private self-monitoring of their bodies and use strategies such as exercise, controlling food intake and cosmetic surgery to try and change the shape of their bodies. Therefore, it is evident that women across age and race categories are vulnerable to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors. Regardless of race, even mature women recognize and respond to societal expectations of beauty and femininity.
Psychosocial Outcomes of Sharing a Diagnosis of Cancer with a Pediatric Patient

Purpose This innovative pilot study was designed to provide research-based evidence on the variables to consider informing a child of his/her cancer diagnosis, so as to minimize the negative psychosocial effects of the cancer experience on survivors. The hypotheses of the study were that “good information” about cancer, will allow the child a better understanding way to cope with treatment and improve sociopsychological outcomes at adulthood. Methods Ninety-one adult childhood cancer (CC) survivors got the questionnaires while waiting to their routine checkup at a grate CC medical center in center Israel. Results To our surprise and not according to the hypothesis, there was a difference between children diagnosed up to 12 years of age and those diagnosed during adolescence. (Participants were divided into two groups according to their age at diagnosis: from birth to 12 years old and from age 12–18). In the group diagnosed at a younger age, those who had received “good information” were found to have better quality of life, lower mental pain, and higher mental pain tolerance than did those in the same group (diagnosed at a younger age) who received “not good information. ” By contrast, in the group diagnosed during adolescence, those who had received “not good information” scored higher on these measures than did their counterparts who had received “good information. ” Conclusion Given that information conveyed to children diagnosed with cancer can have a significant impact on survivors’ quality of life, further research is needed to determine the precise information to be divulged to children at the time of diagnosis. In the meantime, extreme caution, sensitivity, and careful judgment are required. Clinical relevance Findings of the current study and of future studies can be used to formulate clear guidelines for assessing a child’s readiness and the information to be divulged, so as to improve the quality of life of CC survivors.
“Toxin handling” and well-being: The case of the human resources manager

This study uses the job demands–resources model and multiple role theory to gain an understanding of the “toxin handling–well-being” relationship. “Toxin handlers” are empathetic managers willing to try to address pain and suffering in organizations (Frost, 2007). We use data from semistructured, in-depth interviews with HR managers to investigate the impact of the toxin handling role on well-being. The interviews indicate that toxin handling does not necessarily lead to the toxin handler’s ill health, because factors such as organizational and personal resources can influence that relationship. Further, toxin handlers can face very different toxin handling demands. These differences in the toxin handler’s resources and demands can lead to the full spectrum of possible health consequences of toxin handling (from decreased to enhanced health) for different toxin handlers.
Bullying in school: An overview of types, effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies.

Bullying represents a significant problem in U.S. schools, affecting approximately one in three children. The authors discuss the dynamics, types, characteristics, and consequences of school bullying. Risk factors for engaging in bullying, being bullied, and becoming both a bully and a victim are discussed. Research indicates that bullying has serious long-term negative effects on bullies, victims, and victims who tum to bullying as a coping strategy. Longitudinal relationships between childhood bullying and victimization and adult mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, substance use, and conduct disorders are outlined. Prevention programs, and their relative efficacy from empirical evaluations, are also presented. Finally, implications for school-based prevention services are provided.
The People Speak

By Peggy Siegmund "We should speak up j we should speak often; we should be heard, because our message is the message of a dream. " With these words Dr. James R. Oliver. dean of the graduate school at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, welcomed almost 700 members of Southern Consumers' Cooperative to the co-op's first annual convention last week. The convention itself offered a visible witness of what happens when i'wple speak up, speak often and are heard. Southern Consumers' Cooperative, a self-help RSSOdation of people united to better their economic and educational position, began in 1958 in the mind of a small group of people in Kaplan who felt that the poor themselves should speak up and be heard. Today, with over 2,000 m e m b e r 5 throughout the state, this cooperative has assets of $100,000and is working closely with the Office of Economic Opportunity in Washington, D.C.
Project, programme and portfolio maturity: a case study of Australian Federal Government

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the notion of maturity assessment and maturity models more broadly and goes on to examine the findings from the assessments of project, programme and portfolio maturity undertaken across Australian Government agencies. Design/methodology/approach – A statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of maturity that best represents the Australian Federal Government agencies as a whole. The unit of analysis in this study is the agencies overall scores in each sub-model across the seven perspectives of the portfolio, programme and project management maturity model (P3M3) maturity model. Findings – This study has identified a number of interesting findings. First, the practices of project, programme and portfolio across the dataset practiced independently of each other. Second, benefits management and strategy alignment practices are generally poor across Australian Government agencies. Third, programme management practices are the most immature. Finally, the resu.
Assessing Dehydration Employing End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide in Children With Vomiting and Diarrhea

Objective Serum bicarbonate reflects dehydration severity in children with gastroenteritis. Previous work in children receiving intravenous rehydration has correlated end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) with serum bicarbonate. We evaluated whether EtCO2 predicts weight change in children with vomiting and/or diarrhea. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Eligible children were 3 months to 10 years old and presented for emergency department (ED) care because of vomiting and/or diarrhea. End-tidal carbon dioxide measurements were performed after triage. The diagnostic standard was weight change determined from serial measurements after symptom resolution. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to identify a cut-point to predict 5% or more dehydration. Results In total, 195 children were enrolled. Among the 169 (87%) with EtCO2 measurements, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) was 30.4 (27.8 to 33.1). One hundred fifty-eight had repeat weights performed at home; the median (IQR) weight change from ED presentation to well weight was +0.06 (−0.14 to +0.30) or +0.72% (−1.2% to +2.1%). Sixteen percent (25/158) had 3% or more and 4% (6/158) had 5% or more weight gain (ie, percent dehydration). One hundred sixteen (60%) completed home follow-up and had acceptable EtCO2 recordings. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.62) for EtCO2 as a predictor of 5% or more dehydration. Conclusions The limited accuracy of EtCO2 measurement to predict 5% or more dehydration precludes its use as a tool to assess dehydration severity in children. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring does not have the ability to identify those children with 5% or more dehydration in a cohort of children with vomiting and/or diarrhea presenting for ED care.
Medialization of Research Policy

This article researches the medialization of research policy in Germany. The concept of medialization focuses on adaptation processes by the micro (individuals), meso (organizations), and macro levels (social systems) of society to the logic of (mostly journalistic) mass media. Below, the focus lies on how decision makers in the field of research policy perceive the journalistic logic as well as adaptation processes to this logic in their fields of expertise and their organizations. The study is based on 35 semistandardized interviews with stakeholders in organizations from politics, science, and research funding.
In vitro organogenesis and plantlet regeneration of (Carica papaya L.).

An efficient protocol was developed for micro-propagation of Indian papaya (Carica papaya L.) var. Co7. Shoot bud induction occurred on culturing epicotyl segments in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium, followed by transfer onto shoot multiplication, elongation and rooting media. Adventitious buds were induced on MS medium supplemented with varying concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ: 0.5-10 μM). The highest shoot regeneration frequency and maximum number of shoots per explant was occured on MS medium amended with 2.5 μM TDZ. The explants with initiated shoot buds produced multiple shoots in MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.05 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum shoot elongation was observed at 1.5 μM gibberlic acid (GA3). Upto 60.25% of the regenerated (elongated) shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 2.5 μM indole-3butyric acid (IBA) within 3 weeks after subculturing. The in vitro-raised plantlets were successfully hardened first under culture room conditions, then in greenhouse with 72% survival rate. The identified regeneration system could be efficiently used in various in vitro manipulation studies in papaya.
A “Civilizing” Industry: Leo Dolan, Canadian Tourism Promotion, and the Celebration of Mass Culture

Scholarship examining public pronouncements on “mass culture” in Canada during the post-World War Two period has focused overwhelmingly on the pessimistic voices of the cultural critics who feared mass culture's deleterious effects upon national identity, democracy, and intellectual freedom. A more accurate understanding of the extent to which mass culture was contested terrain in post-war Canada requires an analysis of the optimistic pronouncements offered by business leaders and government officials. This article examines the rhetoric of Canada's leading post-war tourism promoter, Leo Dolan, and highlights the extent to which he viewed mass culture as a positive force that could achieve many of the same ends that the cultural critics endorsed. While cultural critics saw mass culture as a barrier to progress, Leo Dolan and other tourism promoters in North America championed tourism as an element of mass culture that would facilitate international understanding, strengthen national unity, and contribute to Western civilization.
GENDER, CULTURE, RETIREMENT, AND OLDER MEN IN JAMAICA: FINDINGS FROM A SURVEY

Retirement issues in Jamaica are fast increasing in salience to policy given rapid ageing of the population. A quantitative survey was conducted involving 2,000 men aged 55 years and over in one parish of Jamaica using cluster sample methodology. Information related to retirement patterns, practices and planning was collected. Approximately 66.5% of respondents had no plan to retire; 16.6 % did not think about it; 14.4% were self]employed and would work until an eventual death; and 2.5% said their children would take care of them. Of those who had retirement plans, the major concerns were where they would live (89.4%) and with whom (8.4%). Health care was a cause for concern for only 2.2%. Men generally had not thought out retirement plans well. Given a shift away from extended family systems, increasing life expectancy, increasing economic uncertainties, and shifting epidemiological patterns, there are implications for healthcare and social security policies, in the wider context of the developing world.
Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing using Chalcogenide Glass based Photonic Chips

The extremely large, ultra-fast Kerr nonlinearity and low nonlinear loss combined with the ability to tailor chromatic dispersion of chalcogenide glasses offers an attractive avenue for achieving chip based all-optical signal processing devices. We use real system signals, at data rates up to 160 Gb/s, to demonstrate wavelength conversion and optical time demultiplexing in 5 cm long waveguides.
On the evaluation of higher-order cliques for road network extraction

The automatic extraction of road networks is an interesting and challenging task. In spite of significant research efforts this problem remains largely open. In our work we attempt to leverage context at two different levels to extract accurate and topologically correct road networks. Local context, in the form of powerful features extracted from large neighborhoods, exploits the layout of road pixels and their co-occurrence with visual patterns along the roads. Global context enforces the connectivity of roads in a network, by grouping individual pixels into longer road segments, modeled as large higher-order cliques in a Conditional Random Field. Here, we evaluate different ways of defining these cliques. It turns out that, with modern probabilistic inference techniques, using a smaller number of very large cliques is more efficient than splitting them into a larger number of shorter segments.
Proteins in the Subretinal Fluid

This study was designed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that govern the origin of retinal detachment (RD) by examining the quantitative composition of proteins in the subretinal fluid (SRF). Inflammation proteins and immunoglobulins (Ig) were titrated from SRF and sera in 25 patients with RD The following concentrations were found in SRF: total proteins 16 g/l; albumin 12.6 g/l; pre-albumin 0.37 g/l; transferin 1.8 g/l in 68% of cases; haptoglobin and alpha 2 macroglobin were present in only one SRF: alpha 1 antitrypsin 0.86 g/l in 48%; orosomucoid 0.57 g/l in 32%; IgG 2 g/l in 52%; Ig A 0.17 g/l in 88% and IgM 15.9 mg/l in 56%. Correlations were found between the duration of detachment and the concentration of total proteins (p < 0.01). The extent of RD was correlated with the concentration of IgG or IgA in the SRF (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the correlation between the Ig concentration and the extent of RD is an argument for the participation of choriocapillaris in the genesis of SRF
Avian pneumovirus infection in broiler chicks inoculated with Escherichia coli at different time intervals

The effects of dual infection of 1-day-old broiler chicks with a chicken isolate of avian pneumovirus (APV) and a pool of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains were studied by supraconjunctival application of the bacteria simultaneously with the virus, or at 4, 7 or 11 days afterwards. When the agents were given together, the clinical disease was significantly more severe than that caused by the virus alone, but when the bacterium was given later the signs were less severe. None of the infections resulted in swollen head syndrome by 32 days. All mixed infections caused moderate to severe congestion in the turbinates, when birds were examined at 32 days of age, at which time no such lesions were present in birds having been infected with APV alone. E. coli was isolated from almost 100% of birds with mixed infections, while rates of those given only E. coli isolation varied between 56 and 67%. Furthermore, E. coli colony counts were consistently higher from mixed infection groups. Virus persistence in the choanal cleft was slightly prolonged in birds with the simultaneous mixed infection. Although the pool of E. coli included O2, O78 and O18 serotypes, only those of the O2 serotype and a small number of untypable strains were re-isolated from selected mixed and single E. coli-infected groups. Mixed APV and E. coli infection did not affect APV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titres at 21 or 32 days. Thus, experimental infection of broiler chicks with APV and E. coli, simultaneously or at intervals afterwards, demonstrated a synergistic effect between the two agents, but none of the infection protocols caused swollen head syndrome.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF HUMORAL ISOANTIBODIES ON THE IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF IMMUNE LYMPHOID CELLS

The ability of specifically immunized lymphoid cells to kill H-2 incompatible target tumor cells in tissue culture was shown to depend on the source of the lymphoid tissue (spleen versus lymph nodes). Marked cytotoxic effects were obtained with regional lymph node cells 7 to 10 days after primary immunization, whereas spleen cells from the same animals had little or no effect. Hyperimmunization did not decrease the cytotoxic efficiency of lymph node cells. Experiments were performed to test the possibility that the weak effect of spleen cells is a result of humoral antibody production, antagonizing the cell-bound immunity. Humoral antibodies were cytotoxic in vitro in the presence of complement only. Their effect was manifested after 2 hours, whereas immune lymph node cells did not require complement and cytotoxicity was not expressed until 24 to 48 hours' incubation. Tumor cell cultures treated with specific humoral antibodies in the absence of complement became resistant to the cytotoxic effect of subsequently added immune lymph node cells, while no such protection was seen when normal serum was added. Thus, humoral antibodies led to an "efferent" inhibition of cell-bound immunity in vitro, in analogy with previous results in vivo.
An Examination of Managers' Beliefs about their Roles as Facilitators of Learning

This article presents the findings associated with managerial beliefs from a recent exploratory qualitative study that was designed to examine the multiple ways in which managers perceive themselves to facilitate the learning of their employees in learning oriented organizations. The Critical Incident Technique was adapted for use in this study to capture the beliefs or mental models of managers as they facilitated learning episodes. The results indicate that managers in this study perceive the roles of manager and of facilitator of learning to be distinct from each other. This finding contradicts much of the management literature that has historically categorized coaching as a subset of management. Additionally, managers revealed their beliefs about learners and the learning process. Examining these beliefs in the context of managerial behavior advances our understanding of the challenges and opportunities that managers confront when they are attempting to adopt roles consistent with the concept of learning-oriented organizations. Implications for practice and research are presented.
Catching a Rat by Its Edglets

Computer vision is a noninvasive method for monitoring laboratory animals. In this article, we propose a robust tracking method that is capable of extracting a rodent from a frame under uncontrolled normal laboratory conditions. The method consists of two steps. First, a sliding window combines three features to coarsely track the animal. Then, it uses the edglets of the rodent to adjust the tracked region to the animal's boundary. The method achieves an average tracking error that is smaller than a representative state-of-the-art method.
Respostas falso-positivas na triagem auditiva neonatal universal: possíveis causas

OBJETIVO: avaliar a ocorrencia de respostas falso-positivas na Triagem Auditiva dentro de uma maternidade particular, suas possiveis causas e solucoes. METODOS: foram avaliados 1.110 recem-nascidos eutroficos entre 6 e 48 horas de vida no bercario, com o analisador de Emissoes Otoacusticas Evocadas Transientes (EOATE) modelo Echochek da Ilodynamics Ltd. Na ausencia de resposta, foi realizada a manipulacao do meato acustico externo (Manobra Facilitadora) e colhido novo resultado. Os que falharam foram retestados em 15 dias. RESULTADOS: 50,09% dos RN falhou na primeira tentativa. Apos a manobra facilitadora, 24,41% continuou falhando, mas demonstraram EOATE presentes no reteste. O tempo medio de internacao foi de 42,27 h, sendo 93,42% oriundos de cesareana. Pertenciam a convenios particulares padrao enfermaria 98% e 2% quarto individual. A idade media do grupo que passou foi de 24,14 h (± 10,21) e a do grupo que falhou 19,19 horas (±8,43). Possuiam menos de 24 horas de vida no momento do teste 66,12% dos RN, foi constatado vernix obliterante em 4.9%. CONLUSAO: face a alta precoce hospitalar, e necessario que o Fonoaudiologo realize o teste antes das 48 horas de vida do RN. Desta forma, alem das causas biologicas inerentes a faixa etaria, detectou-se um problema estrutural de administracao hospitalar, que independe da habilidade ou experiencia do Fonoaudiologo. A Manobra Facilitadora e altamente recomendada.
The development of speech production following cochlear implantation

Conversational speech samples were analysed over a six-year period postoperatively for nine profoundly deaf children implanted with the Cochlear Limited 22-electrode cochlear implant between ages 2-5 years. Four years post-implant, at least 90% of all syllables produced by each child were intelligible, although only one of the children (who had suffered a progressive hearing loss) had over 10% intelligible syllables prior to implantation. Over the 6-year period, the mean number of intelligible words per utterance increased from 0.15 to 4.2 and the mean number of syllables (counting both intelligible and unintelligible syllables) increased from 1.7 to 5.2, indicating an increase in complexity as well as intelligibility. The speech samples were transcribed phonetically and percentage correct analyses were conducted on the transcripts. These analyses showed a steady improvement in the percentage of correctly produced monophthongs, diphthongs and consonants. There was a corresponding rise in the percentage of words that were produced without phonetic errors. Following six years of implantation, the speech acquisition process was incomplete, although there was no evidence to suggest a plateau in performance.