Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nucleolar Targeting Signal (NTS) of Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein Mediates Endocytosis and Nucleolar Translocation

Previous work has identified the parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) nucleolar targeting signal (NTS) as both necessary and sufficient for localization of PTHrP to the nucleus and nucleolus of a variety of cells where it is believed to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death. The mechanism whereby a secreted peptide, such as PTHrP, gains access to the nuclear compartment remains a question of debate. The current work examines the possibility that exogenous PTHrP is internalized and transported to the nuclear compartment by a mechanism that is dependent on preservation of the PTHrP NTS. Transiently expressed, PTHrP(1–141) was detected at the cell surface as well as in the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of COS‐1 cells. Deletion of the NTS, or mutation of the conserved GxKKxxK motif within the NTS, effectively prevented both cell‐surface binding and nuclear/nucleolar accumulation of PTHrP(1–141). A biotinylated peptide corresponding to the PTHrP NTS (PTHrP‐NTS‐biotin) was internalized and translocated to the nucleus and nucleolus in a time‐, temperature‐, and concentration‐dependent manner, whereas a peptide representing a similar bipartite NTS from Nucleolin was not. Internalization and nucleolar targeting of PTHrP‐NTS‐biotin were indistinguishable in CFK2 cells, which express the common PTH/PTHrP receptor, and in 27m21 cells, which do not. In addition, pretreatment with a saturating dose of synthetic PTHrP(74–113) was capable of abrogating nucleolar accumulation of the PTHrP‐NTS peptide, whereas pretreatment with PTHrP(1–34) or PTHrP(67–86) was not. These observations demonstrate that binding of exogenous, full‐length PTHrP to the cell surface is mediated through a conserved motif embedded in the NTS and suggest that internalization and nucleolar targeting of an NTS peptide are mediated through binding to a cell surface protein distinct from the PTH/PTHrP receptor. In total, the data support the hypothesis that secreted PTHrP(1–141) can be endocytosed and targeted to the nucleolus through a mechanism that is dependent on preservation of a core motif within the PTHrP NTS.
RANK AND GENUS OF 3-MANIFOLDS

A Heegaard splitting of a closed orientable 3-manifold M is a decomposition of M into two handlebodies along a closed surface S. The genus of S is the genus of the Heegaard splitting. The Heegaard genus of M , which we denote by g(M), is the minimal genus over all Heegaard splittings of M . A Heegaard splitting of genus g naturally gives a balanced presentation of the fundamental group π1(M): the core of one handlebody gives g generators, and the compressing disks of the other handlebody give a set of g relators. The rank of M , which we denote by r(M), is the rank of the fundamental group π1(M), that is, the minimal number of elements needed to generate π1(M). By the relation between a Heegaard splitting and π1(M) above, it is clear that r(M) ≤ g(M). In the 1960s, Waldhausen asked whether r(M) = g(M) for all M ; see [7, 40]. This was called the generalized Poincaré Conjecture in [7], as the case r(M) = 0 is the Poincaré conjecture. In [3], Boileau and Zieschang found a Seifert fibered space with r(M) = 2 and g(M) = 3. Later, Schultens and Weidmann [35] showed that there are graph manifolds M with discrepancy g(M)− r(M) arbitrarily large. A crucial ingredient in all these examples is that the fundamental group of a Seifert fibered space has an element commuting with other elements and, for a certain class of Seifert fibered spaces, one can use this property to find a smaller generating set of π1(M) than
RFC 2544 performance evaluation and internal measurements for a Linux based open router

Recent technological advances give a good chance to do something really effective in the field of open Internet equipments, also called open routers (ORs). Some initiatives have been activated since the last few years to investigate the OR and related issues. But despite these activities, large interesting areas still require a deeper investigation. This work tries to give a contribution by reporting the results of an in-depth activity of optimization and testing realized on a PC open router architecture based on Linux software and COTS hardware. The main target approached in this paper has been the forwarding performance evaluation of different OR Linux-based SW architectures. This analysis has been performed with both external (throughput and latencies) and internal (profiling) measurements. In particular, for what concerns the external measurements, a set of RFC2544 compliant tests has been proposed and analyzed
Credit Risk and Efficiency: Comparative Study between Islamic and Conventional Banks during the Current Crises

This study deals with the credit risk and the efficiency of the Islamic and conventional banks in 28 countries during the current crises. For this purpose, we take a sample of 99 Islamic banks and 110 classics during the 1999-2010 period. The generalized method of moments (GMM) is applied to measure the relationship of the credit risk, capital efficiency and banking industries during the current crises. The results show that most of conventional banks have a higher credit risk than the Islamic ones. This risk has a high impact on the exposure to the financial crises. The inefficiency degree of Islamic banks does not differ from that of the conventional ones.
Short-time multichannel noise correlation matrix estimators for acoustic signals

The estimation of noise power spectral densities is a critical step in many speech enhancement algorithms. The demand for multi-channel speech enhancement systems is increasing with applications such as teleconferencing, cellular phones and hearing aids. The objective of this paper is to present a general multi-channel framework to solve for the diffuse noise correlation matrix whenever the spatial spectral matrix or coherence matrix is pre-estimated and the number of active speakers is less than the number of microphones. The performance of the developed algorithms is compared with pre-existing algorithms using prescribed performance measures.
Syddansk Universitet Impaired TGF-beta induced growth inhibition contributes to the increased proliferation rate of neural stem cells harboring mutant p 53

Gliomas have been classified according to their histological properties. However, their respective cells of origin are still unknown. Neural progenitor cells (NPC) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) can initiate tumors in murine models of glioma and are likely cells of origin in the human disease. In both, p53 signaling is often functionally impaired which may contribute to tumor formation. Also, TGF-beta, which under physiological conditions exerts a strong control on the proliferation of NPCs in the SVZ, is a potent mitogen on glioma cells. Here, we approach on the crosstalk between p53 and TGF-beta by loss of function experiments using NPCs derived from p53 mutant mice, as well as pharmacological inhibition of TGF-beta signaling using TGF-beta receptor inhibitors. NPC derived from p53 mutant mice showed increased clonogenicity and more rapid proliferation than their wildtype counterparts. Further, NPC derived from p53mut/mut mice were insensitive to TGF-beta induced growth arrest. Still, the canonical TGF-beta signaling pathway remained functional in the absence of p53 signaling and expression of key proteins as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2 were unaltered. TGF-beta-induced p21 expression could, in contrast, only be detected in p53wt/wt but not in p53mut/mut NPC. Conversely, inhibition of TGF-beta signaling using SB431542 increased proliferation of p53wt/wt but not of p53mut/mut NPC. In conclusion, our data suggest that the TGFbeta induced growth arrest in NPC depends on functional p53. Mutational inactivation of p53 hence contributes to increased proliferation of NPC and likely to the formation of hyperplasia of the SVZ observed in p53 deficient mice in vivo.
Relationship between the perifornical hypothalamic area and oral pontine reticular nucleus in the rat. Possible implication of the hypocretinergic projection in the control of rapid eye movement sleep

The perifornical (PeF) area in the posterior lateral hypothalamus has been implicated in several physiological functions including the regulation of sleep–wakefulness. Some PeF neurons, which contain hypocretin, have been suggested to play an important role in sleep–wake regulation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the PeF area and hypocretin on the electrophysiological activity of neurons of the oral pontine reticular nucleus (PnO), which is an important structure in the generation and maintenance of rapid eye movement sleep. PnO neurons were recorded in urethane‐anesthetized rats. Extracellular recordings were performed by means of tungsten microelectrodes or barrel micropipettes. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral PeF area elicited orthodromic responses in both type I (49%) and type II (58%) electrophysiologically characterized PnO neurons, with a mean latency of 13.0 ± 2 and 8.3 ± 5 ms, respectively. In six cases, antidromic spikes were evoked in type I PnO neurons with a mean latency of 3.2 ± 0.4 ms, indicating the existence of PnO neurons that projected to the PeF area. Anatomical studies showed retrogradely labeled neurons in the PeF area from the PnO. Some of these neurons projecting to the PnO contained hypocretin (17.8%). Iontophoretic application of hypocretin‐1 through a barrel micropipette in the PnO induced an inhibition, which was blocked by a previous iontophoretic application of bicuculline, indicating that the inhibitory action of hypocretin‐1 may be due to activation of GABAA receptors. These data suggest that the PeF area may control the generation of rapid eye movement sleep through a hypocretinergic projection by inhibiting the activity of PnO neurons.
Plug-and-Train Loss for Model-Based Single View 3 D Reconstruction

Obtaining 3D geometry from images is a well studied problem by the computer vision community. In the concrete case of a single image, a considerable amount of prior knowledge is often required to obtain plausible reconstructions. Recently, deep neural networks in combination with 3D morphable models (3DMM) have been used in order to address the lack of scene information, leading to more accurate results. Nevertheless, the losses employed during the training process are usually a linear combination of terms where the coefficients, also called hyperparameters, must be carefully tuned for each dataset to obtain satisfactory results. In this work we propose a hyperparameters-free loss that exploits the geometry of the problem for learning 3D reconstruction from a single image. The proposed formulation is not dataset dependent, is robust against very large camera poses and jointly optimizes the shape of the object and the camera pose.
Distinctive effects of fear and sadness induction on anger and aggressive behavior

A recent study has reported that the successful implementation of cognitive regulation of emotion depends on higher-level cognitive functions, such as top-down control, which may be impaired in stressful situations. This calls for “cognition free” self-regulatory strategies that do not require top-down control. In contrast to the cognitive regulation of emotion that emphasizes the role of cognition, traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine views the relationship among different types of emotions as promoting or counteracting each other without the involvement of cognition, which provides an insightful perspective for developing “cognition free” regulatory strategies. In this study, we examined two hypotheses regarding the modulation of anger and aggressive behavior: sadness counteracts anger and aggressive behavior, whereas fear promotes anger and aggressive behavior. Participants were first provoked by reading extremely negative feedback on their viewpoints (Study 1) and by watching anger-inducing movie clips (Study 2). Then, these angry participants were assigned to three equivalent groups and viewed sad, fear-inducing, or neutral materials to evoke the corresponding emotions. The results showed that participants displayed a lower level of aggressive behavior when sadness was later induced and a higher level of anger when fear was later induced. These results provide evidence that supports the hypothesis of mutual promotion and counteraction relationships among these types of emotions and imply a “cognition free” approach to regulating anger and aggressive behavior.
Selecting Ordering Policy and Items Classification Based on Canonical Correlation and Cluster Analysis

It is difficult to find an appropriate ordering policy for a many types of items. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that each item has a different demand trend. We will classify items by shipment trend and then decide the ordering policy for each item category. In this study, we indicate that categorizing items from their statistical characteristics leads to an ordering policy suitable for that category. We analyze the ordering policy and shipment trend and propose a new method for selecting the ordering policy which is based on finding the strongest relation between the classification of the items and the ordering policy. In our numerical experiment, from actual shipment data of about 5,000 items over the past year, we calculated many statistics that represent the trend of each item. Next, we applied the canonical correlation analysis between the evaluations of ordering policies and the various statistics. Furthermore, we applied the cluster analysis on the statistics concerning the performance of ordering policies. Finally, we separate items into several categories and show that the appropriate ordering policies are different for each category.
Sparse high‐degree polynomials for wide‐angle lenses

Rendering with accurate camera models greatly increases realism and improves the match of synthetic imagery to real‐life footage. Photographic lenses can be simulated by ray tracing, but the performance depends on the complexity of the lens system, and some operations required for modern algorithms, such as deterministic connections, can be difficult to achieve. We generalise the approach of polynomial optics, i.e. expressing the light field transformation from the sensor to the outer pupil using a polynomial, to work with extreme wide angle (fisheye) lenses and aspherical elements. We also show how sparse polynomials can be constructed from the large space of high‐degree terms (we tested up to degree 15). We achieve this using a variant of orthogonal matching pursuit instead of a Taylor series when computing the polynomials. We show two applications: photorealistic rendering using Monte Carlo methods, where we introduce a new aperture sampling technique that is suitable for light tracing, and an interactive preview method suitable for rendering with deep images.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Low Birth Weight Infants with Peri-lntraventricular Hemorrhage

Fifty-four appropriate for gestational age preterm infants (less than 35 weeks gestation) were followed prospectively from birth with coagulation and real-time ultrasound studies. Coagulation analyses included fibrinogen, prothrombin time, thrombin time and platelet count. The occurrence of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) was documented by portable 5 MHz Echo Scanner. Definite PIVH was present in 21 babies (38%). Coagulation studies showed especially lower values of fibrinogen levels in babies of less than 30 weeks gestation compared to a control group without PIVH (p less than 0.03). Furthermore, significant correlation was observed in these patients between platelet count and degree of PIVH. Infants with Grade 3 and 4 PIVH had lower platelet count than infants with less severe bleeding (Grade 1 and 2) (p less than 0.02). These data suggest that hemostatic abnormalities play a major role as co-factor in the incidence and severity of neonatal PIVH in very low birth weight infants of less than 30 weeks gestation.
Operational integration in a craft-oriented small enterprise

Purpose Many leisure boat manufacturers have thrived on designing and building highly customized boats based on longstanding traditions of craftsmanship. To achieve efficient value chains, it is not enough to optimize each process step, but also important to achieve a smooth flow through the dependencies between each process steps. The purpose of this paper is to focus on assessing enablers and disablers for operational integration in a craft-oriented small enterprise. Design/methodology/approach One case company has been studied, to identify enablers and disablers for operational integration in the value chain. The research methodology is based on semi-structured interviews with selected persons from different levels within the company. Findings The results indicate the importance of management promotion and support of integration and a strong relationship between foremen and operators. Furthermore, to avoid functional myopias, mechanisms to encourage horizontal integration could be useful. Small company and informal culture make integration easier. However, to further establish a common standardized platform, could be necessary. Even small physical barriers in the layout were experienced to affect the integration negatively. Research limitations/implications This has been an exploratory study of one single craft-oriented enterprise; hence it is difficult to generalize. Practical implications Based on empirical findings from the case study, recommendations on how to achieve better operational integration will be presented. Originality/value The research initiative provides knowledge experience of operational integration from a case study in one company within craft and artisan sector in Norway.
Screening mammography among Chinese Canadian women.

BACKGROUND Though breast cancer is the most common malignancy among Chinese women, screening mammography is underutilized. This study examined barriers and facilitators of screening mammography among Chinese Canadian women. METHODS Using community-based sampling, Chinese women in British Columbia were interviewed in 1999 about multiple preventive health behaviours. We included 213 women in the mammography analysis; main outcome measures were ever having a mammogram and routine mammography. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of women 50 to 79 years old reported ever having had a mammogram, and 53% had two or more mammograms within the last five years. Receiving a recommendation for a mammogram from medical personnel or from a family member, and believing that cancer cannot be prevented by faith were independently associated with both screening outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A multifaceted approach to screening mammography promotion in Chinese Canadian women is suggested. Interventions that include education of and by medical providers and family members should be considered.
On Aligning Returns Management with the E-commerce Strategy to Increase Effectiveness

The returns management (RM) process has traditionally been seen as a value recovery process, which has resulted in an efficiency focus in the returns flow. This thesis present, the effects on a fashion e-commerce organisation, which is underprioritising or neglecting RM in general and consumer returns specifically. In the reported and described single-case study and through a real-life experiment, performed with the case organisation nelly.com, it is shown that the consumer returns rates are not only influenced by the product itself. They represent a complex problem that has its reasons and causes, whereby the product (size, fit, quality, et cetera) together with consumer buying and returning behaviour ultimately have a combined effect on the organisation. The results from the thesis are based on previous research and rest heavily on the research performed since the start of the research journey. Consumer returns form part of the value creation in e-commerce and therefore returns management is a strategic part of the business as such. Handling consumer returns in a traditional or efficient returns system without knowing the reason for return and the state of the returned item is nothing other than gambling with resources. The proposed returns information system (RIS) framework in the thesis addresses this issue and facilitates the downstream application of the gatekeeping activity, near or at the end-user location; managerial attention is required at the strategic process level to build a proper returns system that is partly, and quite likely, decentralised. Products, suppliers, customers and internal processes cause consumer returns and therefore a returns manager needs to address these with other functions and SC partners. This result is partly new and the proposed alignment of RM as a strategic process is new in the sense that RM is part of value creation. This thesis empirically supports the conclusion that “one size fits all” is outdated and does not fit with ecommerce business. The results imply that managers need to gain a profound understanding of consumers’ buying behaviour and also to create differentiated delivery and returns processes to be able to grow within the existing customer segments and possibly to attract new or non-customers who are out of reach at present. Seeing the RM process as strategic in e-commerce, as proposed in the thesis, facilitates the development of the process to become both effective and efficient. Returns management has the potential for revenue creation and cost reduction.
A Further Test of the Group Formation and Its Impacts in a Simulated Business Environment

This research was a replicate of the study done earlier by Hsu and Eng on group formation in simulated business environment. It was carried out with the introduction of the control groups along with charges of certain group composition variables. The findings are substantially different from the findings uncovered in that earlier study. Behavior arid attitudes displayed by the subjects of these studies are fir apart under different gaming settings creates by the two distinctive methods of group formation. The results of this study clearly suggest that caution should be exercised in the selection of method for group formation.
Does inflation has an Impact on Stock Returns and Volatility? Evidence from Nigeria and Ghana

This study seeks to apply the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to assess the impact of inflation on stock market returns and volatility using monthly time series data from two West African countries, that is, Nigeria and Ghana. In addition, the impact of asymmetric shocks was investigated using the quadratic GARCH model developed by Sentana (1995), in both countries. Results for Nigeria show weak support for the hypothesis which states that bad news exert more adverse effect on stock market volatility than good news of the same magnitude; while a strong opposite case holds for Ghana. Furthermore, inflation rate and its three month average were found to have significant effect on stock market volatility in the two countries. Measures employed towards restraining inflation in the two countries, therefore, would certainly reduce stock market volatility, improve stock market returns and boost investor confidence.