Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV infection and the incidence of malaria among HIV-exposed children from Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased risk of malaria incidence and recurrence in children. METHODS Newborn infants of HIV-infected mothers were enrolled at 6 weeks and followed for 2 years. HIV status was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and confirmed by HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction. Malaria was defined as (1) physician-diagnosed clinical malaria; (2) probable malaria, in which laboratory testing is requested for parasitemia; and (3) blood smear-confirmed malaria. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for development of first and second malaria episodes, and generalized estimating equation models estimated malaria rate differences per 100-child-years in relation to time-updated HIV status. RESULTS Child HIV infection was associated with clinical (HR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.61), probable (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.19-1.81), and confirmed (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.18-2.36) malaria episodes. Per 100 child-years, HIV-infected children experienced 88 (95% CI, 65-113), 36 (95% CI, 19-53), and 20 (95% CI, 9-31) more episodes of clinical, probable, and confirmed malaria episodes, respectively, than HIV-uninfected children. Among children with ≥1 malaria episodes, those with HIV infection developed second clinical (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04-1.57), probable (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.26-2.14), and confirmed (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06-3.89) malaria sooner than HIV-uninfected children. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection is a risk factor for the development of malaria. Proactive malaria disease prevention and treatment is warranted for all children, particularly those with HIV infection in settings of coendemicity.
Blue-collar work, career, and success: occupational narratives of Sisu

This study examined underground iron ore miners' occupational narratives to uncover how their stories socialize miners into blue-collar careers and reinforce their work identities. Through the root theme of sisu (Finnish for inner determination), underground miners create a status hierarchy that is used to construct a sense of pride around their work and to establish milestones of success for themselves and others in their workgroup. Furthermore, they communicatively construct exemplars that guide their performance and decisions during the unfolding of their work experiences. Their discourses provide alternatives to white-collar conceptualizations and practices of careers and success.
Using Molecular Markers to Characterize Productivity in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines

Selection of high producing cell lines to produce maximum product concentration is a challenging and time consuming task for the biopharmaceutical industry. The identification of early markers to predict high productivity will significantly reduce the time required for new cell line development. This study identifies candidate determinants of high productivity by profiling the molecular and morphological characteristics of a panel of six Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) stable cell lines with varying recombinant monoclonal antibody productivity levels ranging between 2 and 50 pg/cell/day. We examined the correlation between molecular parameters and specific productivity (qp) throughout the growth phase of batch cultures. Results were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Our study revealed that, overall, heavy chain (HC) mRNA had the strongest association with qp followed by light chain (LC) mRNA, HC intracellular polypeptides, and intracellular antibodies. A significant correlation was also obtained between qp and the following molecular markers: growth rate, biomass, endoplasmic reticulum, and LC polypeptides. However, in these cases, the correlation was not observed at all-time points throughout the growth phase. The repeated sampling throughout culture duration had enabled more accurate predictions of productivity in comparison to performing a single-point measurement. Since the correlation varied from day to day during batch cultivation, single-point measurement was of limited use in making a reliable prediction.
Age-Related Changes in Iron Homeostasis and Cell Death in the Cerebellum of Ceruloplasmin-Deficient Mice

Iron is essential for a variety of cellular functions, but its levels and bioavailability must be tightly regulated because of its toxic redox activity. A number of transporters, binding proteins, reductases, and ferroxidases help maintain iron homeostasis to prevent cell damage. The multi-copper ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) converts toxic ferrous iron to its nontoxic ferric form and is required for iron efflux from cells. Absence of this enzyme in humans leads to iron accumulation and neurodegeneration in the CNS. Here we report on the changes that occur in the cerebellum of Cp null (Cp−/−) mice with aging. We show that iron accumulation, which is reflected in increased ferritin expression, occurs mainly in astrocytes by 24 months in Cp−/− mice and is accompanied by a significant loss of these cells. In contrast, Purkinje neurons and the large neurons in the deep nuclei of Cp−/− mice do not accumulate iron but express high levels of the iron importer divalent metal transporter 1, suggesting that these cells may be iron deprived. This is also accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of Purkinje neurons. These data suggest that astrocytes play a central role in the acquisition of iron from the circulation and that two different mechanisms underlie the loss of astrocytes and neurons in Cp−/− mice. These findings provide a better understanding of the degenerative changes seen in humans with aceruloplasminemia and have implications for normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases in which iron accumulation occurs.
Peer grading system based on social relations on MOOC

In recent years, with the popularity of Internet technology, online e-learning has become more and more well known. Flipped Classroom, MOOCs (Massive Open Online Course) are becoming the innovative study type. MOOC is one of the representatives of an online teaching concept. Under this situation, a great number of student attend a course, the teacher will have the burden because of the more and more student's homework. In such an environment, this study presents a new peer grading system which is consider students' social network first, student's communication information get from the online discussion board, and then, assign appropriate assessment for the student. Peer grading in computer courses can also get more accurate evaluation results, improve students learning effect. And this study effectively improves the peer assessment of fairness issues.
Integrating Goal Model into Rule-Based Adaptation

Goal-oriented adaptation provides a powerful mechanism to develop self-adaptive systems, enabling systems to keep satisfying user goals in a dynamically changing environment. The goal-oriented approach normally reduces the adaptation planning as a global optimization process and leaves the system the task of determining the actions required to achieve the goals. However, the high computation cost of global optimization prevents a self-adaptive system from quickly adjusting itself to the dynamically changing environment at runtime, which is intolerable since efficiency of planning is of utmost importance in most self-adaptive systems. On the other hand, rule-based adaptation has the advantage of efficient planning process since it predefines the adaptation logic by rules instead of leaving the system the task of reasoning. To combine the advantages of both approaches, we propose a novel adaptation framework that can integrate goal model into rule-based adaptation to make user goals to be better satisfied efficiently. We have applied the framework to design a self-adaptive e-commerce website. Our experimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms both the traditional goal-oriented approach and the traditional rule-based approach in terms of adaptation efficiency and effectiveness.
CROP ROTATION INFLUENCES AFLATOXIN PRODUCING POTENTIAL OF ASPERGILLUS COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH TEXAS

Aspergillus flavus, the causal agent of aflatoxin contamination, is a natural inhabitant of soils. A. flavus can be divided into two strains, S and L, with S strain isolates having a greater aflatoxin contamination potential than L strain isolates. Aflatoxin contamination can be severe in several crops in South Texas including cottonseed and corn. A. flavus communities in soils of South Texas cropped to cotton, corn and sorghum were studied to determine if crop rotation influences the magnitude and composition of A. flavus communities. On average, propagules/g was higher in fields where the previous crop was corn compared to either cotton or sorghum. On the other hand, fields in South Texas previously cropped with cotton had more S strain than fields previously cropped with corn. Fields previously cropped to sorghum were intermediate between those cropped to cotton and corn. Thus, in South Texas, crop rotations influence both the quantity of A. flavus in soils and the average aflatoxin producing potential of Aspergillus communities.
Assessing Gifted Students’ Beliefs About Intelligence With a Psychometrically Defensible Scale

The psychometric qualities of the six- and eight-item implicit theories of intelligence scales that Dweck suggested were compared using a confirmatory factor analysis with data from 239 gifted students (100 students in Grades 5–7, 139 students in Grades 8–11). The results indicate that the six-item scale fits the data better than the eight-item scale. The factor reliabilities of data from the six-item scale were . 853 for the entity theory and . 878 for the incremental theory. We found evidence for measurement invariance across age and gender using measurement and structural invariance tests. Using the scale to investigate the beliefs about intelligence of gifted students and the association between their beliefs about intelligence and goal orientations, we found that the higher the incremental theory held by gifted students, the higher the learning goals they tend to pursue. Older students had a greater tendency to hold an entity theory than younger students.
Combination of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil bolus and infusion, and cisplatin (LV5FU2-P regimen) in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Combination chemotherapy with continuous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin in a monthly regimen is one of the standard treatments for advanced gastric carcinoma. This study evaluated the new LV5FU2-P regimen, designed to improve efficacy and tolerance of the 5-FU plus cisplatin combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-three patients with advanced or metastatic gastroesophageal junction or gastric carcinoma were prospectively included in the study. They were treated every 14 days with cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) on day 2 plus folinic acid 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion on days 1 and 2, plus bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m(2)/day on days 1 and 2, plus continuous 5-FU 600 mg/m(2)/day as a 22-h i.v. infusion on days 1 and 2. Ten patients received a simplified regimen (folinic acid 40 mg/m(2) day 1 + bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m(2) day 1 + continuous 5-FU 2400 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2 with cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) on day 2). RESULTS All the patients were assessable for response and 42 for toxicity. One patient achieved a complete response and 15 a partial response, for an overall response rate of 37.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 22.1% to 52.3%]. The median progression-free survival was 7.2 months (95% CI 5.4-10.9) and the overall survival was 13.3 months (95% CI 10.1-16.4). There were no treatment-related deaths. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were the most common severe toxicities. CONCLUSIONS LV5FU2-P is an active and well tolerated regimen in the treatment of advanced gastroesophageal junction or gastric carcinomas. It warrants evaluation comparatively with other active regimens.
A Novel Algorithm to Enhance P300 in Single Trials: Application to Lie Detection Using F-Score and SVM

The investigation of lie detection methods based on P300 potentials has drawn much interest in recent years. We presented a novel algorithm to enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of P300 and applied it in lie detection to increase the classification accuracy. Thirty-four subjects were divided randomly into guilty and innocent groups, and the EEG signals on 14 electrodes were recorded. A novel spatial denoising algorithm (SDA) was proposed to reconstruct the P300 with a high SNR based on independent component analysis. The differences between the proposed method and our/other early published methods mainly lie in the extraction and feature selection method of P300. Three groups of features were extracted from the denoised waves; then, the optimal features were selected by the F-score method. Selected feature samples were finally fed into three classical classifiers to make a performance comparison. The optimal parameter values in the SDA and the classifiers were tuned using a grid-searching training procedure with cross-validation. The support vector machine (SVM) approach was adopted to combine with an F-score because this approach had the best performance. The presented model F-score_SVM reaches a significantly higher classification accuracy for P300 (specificity of 96.05%) and non-P300 (sensitivity of 96.11%) compared with the results obtained without using SDA and compared with the results obtained by other classification models. Moreover, a higher individual diagnosis rate can be obtained compared with previous methods, and the presented method requires only a small number of stimuli in the real testing application.
A Novel c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)-binding Protein WDR62 Is Recruited to Stress Granules and Mediates a Nonclassical JNK Activation

WDR62 is a novel JNK-binding protein. WDR62 potentiates JNK kinase activity but inhibits AP-1 transcription. Cells transfected with WDR62 display cytoplasmic granular localization. WDR62 is localized to stress granule and activated JNK to processing bodies following arsenite treatment. WDR62 may mediate mRNA fate following stress.
Aboriginal Knowledges in Specialized Courts: Emerging Practices in Gladue Courts

Abstract Reforms to Canadian sentencing law in 1996 and the Supreme Court of Canada decision R. v. Gladue [1999] opened the door to a new normative set of legal practices that endeavour to integrate racial knowledge about offenders’ collective and individual experiences of race relations and oppression into traditional legal criminal practices. One outcome of the reforms and court cases was the formation of dedicated Gladue courts for Aboriginal peoples. This paper explores the formation of Gladue courts, the legal techniques used to produce contextualized racial knowledges, how this information is admitted as evidence before the court, and how this knowledge is used to reframe legal subjects and the risk they pose. Résumé Des réformes apportées en 1996 aux lois concernant la détermination de la peine, ainsi que la décision R. c. Gladue de 1999 de la Cour suprême du Canada, ont ouvert la voie à un nouvel ensemble de pratiques normatives visant à intégrer aux pratiques pénales traditionnelles les connaissances sur les expériences collectives et individuelles du contrevenant en matière de relations et d’oppression raciales. L’un des résultats de ces réformes et affaires a été la création de tribunaux Gladue spéciaux pour les personnes autochtones. Cet article examine la création des tribunaux Gladue, les techniques juridiques employées pour obtenir des connaissances raciales contextualisées, la façon par laquelle cette information est prise en compte par la Cour, et la façon par laquelle ces connaissances sont appliquées pour resituer les sujets juridiques et les risques qu’ils posent.
Invariance principles for random walks conditioned to stay positive

Let {Sn} be a random walk in the domain of attraction of a stable law Y, i.e. there exists a sequence of positive real numbers (an) such that Sn/an con- verges in law to Y. Our main result is that the rescaled process (S⌊nt⌋/an, t ≥ 0), when conditioned to stay positive, converges in law (in the functional sense) to- wards the corresponding stable Levy process conditioned to stay positive. Under some additional assumptions, we also prove a related invariance principle for the random walk killed at its first entrance in the negative half-line and conditioned to die at zero.
Assessing the cross-cultural validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th edition) for use in Trinidad and Tobago

More than ten years after its publication, there has been no prior attempt to investigate the validity of the WISC-IV (Wechsler, 2003) for use in Trinidad and Tobago (TT determine how the WISC-IV (US) subtests are associated with specified antecedent environmental variables; examine the relationship between WISC-IV(US) global ability and academic achievement; assess the fit of alternative interpretive models; and determine the predictive validity of adjusted IQ scores. Examination of the correlation matrix corroborated five alternative measurement models, with evidence of best fit for a direct hierarchical framework (Watkins et al., 2006). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated significant positive relationships between parental education and verbal comprehension, and between school performance and verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and global ability. Additionally, environmental deprivation was found to be negatively correlated with performance on all WISC-IV (US) composites. Children with higher global intelligence scores performed better than their low-scoring counterparts on two national tests of academic achievement. School performance was also shown to predict academic achievement in the sample. The results of the structural equation modelling analyses provided support for three distinct measurement models featuring the Wechsler indirect hierarchical model, the Watkins et al. direct hierarchical model, and an author-defined cross cultural direct hierarchical model. The antecedent variables of parental education, school performance and environmental deprivation and the outcome variable or academic achievement added significantly to the model. Adjusted factors scores that were derived from each path model accounted for a significant portion of variance in national test performance. If replicated, the current findings offer potentially useful alternative frameworks for interpreting test performance in T&T children.
A Scsi Disk Model for Multimedia Storage Systems

Modern magnetic disks support advanced mechanisms(cid:2) such as read(cid:3)ahead and caching(cid:2) to optimize disk access performance(cid:4) However(cid:2) most of the proposed disk models in the literature of multimedia storage systems are too simpli(cid:5)ed to include the advanced feature that result in inaccurate performance prediction(cid:4) In this paper(cid:2) we propose an accurate(cid:2) detailed SCSI disk model customized for multimedia storage systems(cid:4) The methodologies of extracting the parameters of the proposed model are presented(cid:4) Disk throughput is analyzed and veri(cid:5)ed by experiments under various contexts(cid:4) The model and methodologies proposed in the paper can bene(cid:5)t the design of multimedia storage system in many ways(cid:2) such as performance prediction(cid:2) (cid:5)le layout design and disk I(cid:6)O scheduling policy(cid:4) (cid:7)
On kernels of cellular covers

In the present paper we continue to examine cellular covers of groups, focusing on the cardinality and the structure of the kernel K of the cellular map G ! M. We show that in general a torsion free reduced abelian group M may have a proper class of non-isomorphic cellular covers. In other words, the cardinality of the kernels is unbounded. In the opposite direction we show that if the kernel of a cellular cover of any group M has certain "freeness" properties, then its cardinality is bounded by jM j.
Adaptación española del Cuestionario Centrado en Soluciones

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Solution-Focused Inventory (SFI) in a Spanish population, replicating the original validation study of Grant et al. (2012). The SFI, designed to evaluate solution-focused thinking, is a 12-item scale with three subscales: Problem Disengagement, Goal Orientation and Resource Activation. The instrument was adapted and translated into Spanish, then two studies were carried out to examine its psychometric properties. The first study confirmed the instrument´s structure, and its good internal consistency. The second study confirmed its convergent validity; SFI was positively correlated with measures of well-being, resilience, satisfaction with life and perspective taking, and negatively correlated with psychopathology. This second study confirmed the stability of the SFI scores across time. In sum, these two studies provide additional support for the reliability and validity of the SFI as a measure of solution-focused thinking, and open its use to Spanish-speaking populations.
Identities in between

This article examines how political conflict shapes ethnonational identities in contexts where a national group coexists with territorially concentrated ethnic minorities and qualifies the view that conflict polarizes identities. An often overlooked fact is that large numbers of citizens in these contexts identify simultaneously with both groups. Based on the research about cross-pressures, we claim that dual identifiers react differently to conflict than exclusive identifiers. We predict that political disputes harden and polarize identities, but only among citizens at the extremes. Heightened conflict should not alter the identity of dual identifiers, but lead them to withdraw from politics. The setting of our study is Catalonia, a territory with numerous dual identifiers and an intense nonviolent political conflict. Results from two survey experiments, qualitative interviews, and public opinion surveys confirm that heightened political conflict only produces polarization at the extremes, but dual identifiers do not exhibit this reaction. Our findings have implications for policy interventions, as they suggest that strengthening dual identities may assuage the polarizing effects of conflict.
Gender Differences, Social Loss Aversion and Sports Performance in Japanese Schoolchildren

In this paper, we investigated the relationship between social loss aversion and the competitive sports performance. We found that social loss aversion significantly affected the competitive sports performance in a homogeneous group of male students, but not female students, and that these effects were consistent across various sports drills. In particular, the gender of a reference person was pivotal to determining the effects of social loss aversion. We also showed that social risk aversion did not significantly affect performance in competitive sports drills.
Data transformation and attribute subset selection: Do they help make differences in software failure prediction?

Data transformation and attribute subset selection have been adopted in improving software defect/failure prediction methods. However, little consensus was achieved on their effectiveness. This paper reports a comparative study on these two kinds of techniques combined with four classifier and datasets from two projects. The results indicate that data transformation displays unobvious influence on improving the performance, while attribute subset selection methods show distinguishably inconsistent output. Besides, consistency across releases and discrepancy between the open-source and in-house maintenance projects in the evaluation of these methods are discussed.