Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful futures? New economy business logics, child rights, and Welsh educational reform

The well-documented global economic disinvestment in schooling necessitates critical examination of policy discourses that influence educational systems and student learning. Situated within the critical policy studies tradition, the present study conducted a critical discourse analysis of the Donaldson Report (2015), a proposed comprehensive Welsh learning and accountability system. We begin with a brief discussion of research focused on global accountability reform within the new economy. To situate the Donaldson Report within this research, we review literature on reforms within the United Kingdom, with special attention to the Welsh educational policy context, which also includes incorporation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) into national policy. Findings highlight a limited Report focus on core educational rights embodied within the UNCRC and recommendations for a new system that leans toward a more technocratic and performance orientation. We conclude with implications for the exercise of children’s rights within Welsh schooling.
Increased predation of nutrient-enriched aposematic prey

Avian predators readily learn to associate the warning coloration of aposematic prey with the toxic effects of ingesting them, but they do not necessarily exclude aposematic prey from their diets. By eating aposematic prey ‘educated’ predators are thought to be trading-off the benefits of gaining nutrients with the costs of eating toxins. However, while we know that the toxin content of aposematic prey affects the foraging decisions made by avian predators, the extent to which the nutritional content of toxic prey affects predators' decisions to eat them remains to be tested. Here, we show that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) increase their intake of a toxic prey type when the nutritional content is artificially increased, and decrease their intake when nutritional enrichment is ceased. This clearly demonstrates that birds can detect the nutritional content of toxic prey by post-ingestive feedback, and use this information in their foraging decisions, raising new perspectives on the evolution of prey defences. Nutritional differences between individuals could result in equally toxic prey being unequally predated, and might explain why some species undergo ontogenetic shifts in defence strategies. Furthermore, the nutritional value of prey will likely have a significant impact on the evolutionary dynamics of mimicry systems.
Differential Comparison Standards and Their Subsequent Effects on the Agreement Between Self- And Supervisor Performance Appraisal Ratings.

This study examined differential comparison standards (i.e., comparative bases for performance evaluation) and their effects on the level of agreement between supervisory and self-raters (i.e., subordinates) within the context of a performance appraisal system. The purpose of the research was to determine whether differential comparison standards represented an underlying mechanism in the traditionally poor correlational relationship between self-supervisor performance ratings. Supervisor and subordinate rater dyads (N = 106 dyads) evaluated job performance across three dimensions using five different comparison standards (ambiguous, internal, absolute, relative, and multiple) in addition to providing preference, availability, and relevancy ratings. Results supported the hypotheses indicating that more explicit and objective comparison standards produced higher levels of interrater agreement, preference, availability, and relevancy. The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly in terms of comparison standards being adopted in current research and future performance appraisal systems. INTRODUCTION Performance appraisal systems have long been an important area of research in both academia and business. Historically, appraisal systems have centered around three key pieces of information in performance evaluation: objective production data, personnel data, and judgmental data. Of the three categories, judgmental data have the advantage of being readily accessible across a myriad of job types, can be obtained in a timeand cost-efficient manner, and have an extensive literature base of supportive research (Landy, 1989). Judgmental data rely largely on subjective assessments of an individual's performance. Two popular approaches to obtaining judgmental data have been (1) supervisor ratings, where an employee's superior rates the employee across several performance dimensions, and (2) selfratings, where the individual employee conducts an assessment of his/her own performance. Unfortunately, comparisons between the two rating approaches have resulted in conflicting and inconclusive findings across a variety of studies as to the true reliability and validity of the ratings (Fisher, 1989). Supportive and unsupportive research on the value of these rating approaches has continually attempted to isolate an underlying factor which produces these disparate findings.
Is This Social TV 3.0? On Funk and Social Media Policy in German Public Post-television Content Production

This article investigates how social media affects German public television. Due to recent dynamics in the field of social TV, notions of social TV as basically “tweeting while watching TV,” or as an “additional function” of television, need to be revised. As an addition to existing ideas of “Social TV 1.0” and “Social TV 2.0” and other characterizations, I refer here to “Social TV 3.0. ” Current social TV features need to be characterized in the light of a “network of content” that combines the “media logic of television” and the “logic of social media” by means of their dynamic, flexible, and horizontal integration into the “matrix-media strategy” of TV executives impelled by a social media policy. By taking the content network funk (“a consortium of public broadcasters” [ARD] and “Second German Television” [ZDF]) as a prime example of social TV 3.0 in Germany, I analyze the merging of television and social media.
The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion

SUMMARY This paper provides a critical look at the challenges facing the field of health promotion. Pointing to the persistence of the disease orientation and the limits of risk factor approaches for conceptualizing and conducting research on health, the salutogenic orientation is presented as a more viable paradigm for health promotion research and practice. The Sense of Coherence framework is offered as a useful theory for taking a salutogenic approach to health research.
Learning Sustainable Development with a New Simulation Game

This new simulation game, the authors’first, has been created to introduce discipline-related concepts to a wider audience. The authors set out to create a game that would reduce an abstract concept to its basic components and present it within a frame, with the intent to capitalize on the benefits of gaming and simulation. The result of this creative effort is a card game called LEARNING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (LSD). This game is intended to create awareness to and explore attitudes toward environmental conservation and urban development. The concept of sustainable development has been chosen as the focus of the game, not only because it is one of the basic precepts of the authors’milieu but also because it presents a challenge in that it prompts players to reevaluate and potentially change their attitudes and behavior concerning routine practices. LSD has gone through extensive testing, revisions, and changes. Through this experience, the authors have concluded that simulation games can be used by practitioners and researchers to promote awareness to a novel concept in a particular field.
Whose heritage? What inheritance?: conceptualising family language identities

ABSTRACT Migration, global mobility and language learning are well established as independent and interrelated fields of study. With nearly one fifth of children in British primary schools classed as speakers of English as an Additional Language (EAL), there remains much to explore in the field of heritage language research. This paper reports on a survey of 212 heritage language families and ten family interviews with families who, though not living in isolation, are not part of large, well-established, local communities. The study reported here explores the families’ attitudes towards heritage language development, and their efforts to maintain, support or develop the heritage language in their families. The paper puts forward an original framework which can be used to conceptualise how different uses and perceptions of the heritage language use may be linked to identity, and concludes with recommendations on how relatively isolated heritage language families and their small community networks may be better supported to enable children more fully to benefit from the advantages of their multilingual, multicultural capital.
The development and validation of an instrument to identify risk of self-harm in children

The overall aim of the research reported in this thesis was to develop and validate an instrument that would identify children among the general population at risk of selfharm. To achieve this, four separate yet interrelated studies were conducted. Study One, which sought to explore the risk factors of self-harm in children comprised a series of focus interviews with three paediatricians and 24 mothers of children who had self-harmed or who had verbalized self-harm ideation. The findings revealed that prior to the onset of self-harming or self-harm ideation these children reportedly manifested other problem behaviours that prompted their mothers to seek specialist advice from a paediatrician. The majority of these problem behaviours were characteristic of externalizing problems, either in the form of conduct problems, aggressive behaviours or impulsiveness. Conversely, some problem behaviours were characteristic of internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression. These findings provided valuable information which in addition to the current literature created the conceptual framework for the subsequent studies. Study Two incorporated the information obtained from Study One, along with that obtained from a review of existing instruments that measure self-harm or suicide, to develop a new instrument specifically designed to assess the risk of children in the general population developing self-harming behaviours. Initially, 159 items were generated and using the extant knowledge regarding the risk factors of self-harm as a guide, the items were categorized into risk factors of anxiety, depression, low self-
Equity Market Comovement and Contagion: A Sectoral Perspective

"This paper takes an asset pricing perspective to investigate the equity market comovement and contagion at the sector level during the period 1990-2004 across the regions of Europe, Asia, and Latin America. It examines whether unexpected shocks from a particular market, or group of markets, are propagated to the sectors in other countries. The results confirm the sector heterogeneity of contagion. This implies that there are sectors that can still provide a channel for achieving the benefits of international diversification during crises despite the prevailing contagion at the market level. In addition, the results lend support to the importance of financial links in the propagation of contagion. " Copyright (c) 2009 Financial Management Association International.
The Psychology of Entrepreneurship

For the last fifty years, social history has witnessed a transformation that was not experienced in any period before. The facts that how people are affected and through what sort of characteristics individuals try to handle this situation has been a multi-perspective issue and was studied thoroughly. Understanding intersocietal and interpersonal relationship systems that are based on fluctuation and competition was aimed and studies were carried out to determine what characteristics that individuals had in order to survive in this period. For over thirty years, the role of entrepreneurship in dealing with competition has drawn researchers’ extensive interest. In spite of this, the concept of entrepreneurship hasn’t had an operational definition that everyone agrees on because it is multi-dimensional and it is affected by many variables.
Guessing human-chosen secrets

This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated in the text. No parts of this dissertation have been submitted for any other qualification. This dissertation does not exceed the regulation length of 60, 000 words, including tables and footnotes. To Fletcher, for teaching me the value of hard work. I'm glad you're back. Acknowledgements I am grateful to my supervisor Ross Anderson for help every step of the way, from answering my emails when I was a foreign undergraduate to pushing me to finally finish the dissertation. He imparted countless research and life skills along the way, in addition to helping me learn to write in English all over again. I was also fortunate to be surrounded in Cambridge by a core group of " security people " under Ross' leadership willing to ask the sceptical questions needed to understand the field. In particular, I've benefited from the mentorship of Frank Stajano and Markus Kuhn, the other leaders of the group, as well as informal mentorship from many others. I thank Arvind Narayanan for his support and mentorship from afar. I am most appreciative of the personal mentorship extended to me by Saar Drimer through my years in the lab, which always pushed me to be more honest about my own work. was also fortunate to be able to collaborate remotely with Cormac Herley and Paul van Oorschot, senior researchers who always treated me as an equal. I owe special thanks to Hyoungshick Kim, thanks to whose patience and positivity I spent thousands of hours peacefully sharing a small office. My research on passwords would not have been possible without the gracious cooperation and support of many people at Yahoo! , in particular Richard Clayton for helping to make the collaboration happen, Henry Watts, my mentor, Elizabeth Zwicky who provided extensive help collecting and analysing data, as well as Ram Marti, Clarence Chung, and Christopher Harris who helped set up data collection experiments. My research on PINs depended on many people's help, including Alastair Beresford for assistance with survey design, Daniel Amitay for sharing data, and Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo for comments about ATM history. I never would have made it to Cambridge without many excellent teachers along the way. for inspiring me to pursue computer security research as an undergraduate. I thank Robert Plummer for …