Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Past , Present and Future Research on Multiple Identities : Toward an Intrapersonal Network Approach

Psychologists, sociologists, and philosophers have long recognized that people have multiple identities—based on attributes such as organizational membership, profession, gender, ethnicity, religion, nationality, and family role(s)— and that these multiple identities shape people’s actions in organizations. The current organizational literature on multiple identities, however, is sparse and scattered and has yet to fully capture this foundational idea. I review and organize the literature on multiple identities into five different theoretical perspectives: social psychological; microsociological; psychodynamic and developmental; critical; and intersectional. I then propose a way to take research on multiple identities forward using an intrapersonal identity network approach. Moving to an identity network approach offers two advantages: first, it enables scholars to consider more than two identities simultaneously, and second, it helps scholars examine relationships among ∗Email: lramarajan@hbs.edu The Academy of Management Annals, 2014 Vol. 8, No. 1, 589–659, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/19416520.2014. 912379 # 2014 Academy of Management 589 D ow nl oa de d by [ A ca de m y of M an ag em en t] a t 1 2: 30 2 8 M ay 2 01 4 identities in greater detail. This is important because preliminary evidence suggests that multiple identities shape important outcomes in organizations, such as individual stress and well-being, intergroup conflict, performance, and change. By providing a way to investigate patterns of relationships among multiple identities, the identity network approach can help scholars deepen their understanding of the consequences of multiple identities in organizations and spark novel research questions in the organizational literature.
Transition Mechanism of InAs Quantum Dot to Quantum Ring Revealed by Photoluminescence Spectra

The transition mechanism of InAs quantum dot (QD) to quantum ring (QR) was investigated. After the growth of InAs QDs, a thin layer of GaAs was overgrown on the InAs QD and the sample was annealed at the same temperature for a period of time. It was found that the central part of the InAs islands started to out diffuse and formed ring shape only after a deposition of a critical thickness (1 ~ 2 nm) of GaAs capped layer depending on the size of InAs QDs. This phenomenon was revealed by photoluminescence measurement and atomic force microscopy image. It is suggested that the strain energy provided by the GaAs overgrown layer is responsible for the InAs to diffuse out of the island to form QR.
Infeasibility Detection and SQP Methods for Nonlinear Optimization

This paper addresses the need for nonlinear programming algorithms that provide fast local convergence guarantees regardless of whether a problem is feasible or infeasible. We present a sequential quadratic programming method derived from an exact penalty approach that adjusts the penalty parameter automatically, when appropriate, to emphasize feasibility over optimality. The superlinear convergence of such an algorithm to an optimal solution is well known when a problem is feasible. The main contribution of this paper, however, is a set of conditions under which the superlinear convergence of the same type of algorithm to an infeasible stationary point can be guaranteed when a problem is infeasible. Numerical experiments illustrate the practical behavior of the method on feasible and infeasible problems.
Bmc Infectious Diseases New Tools for Detecting Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Evaluation of Rd1-specific Long-term Response

Background: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) were designed to detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, discrepancies were found between the tuberculin skin test (TST) and IGRAs results that cannot be attributed to prior Bacille Calmètte Guerin vaccinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate tools for improving LTBI diagnosis by analyzing the IFN-γ response to RD1 proteins in prolonged (long-term response) whole blood tests in those subjects resulting negative to assays such as QuantiFERON-TB Gold In tube (QFT-IT).
Recursive MDL via graph cuts: Application to segmentation

We propose a novel patch-based image representation that is useful because it (1) inherently detects regions with repetitive structure at multiple scales and (2) yields a parameterless hierarchical segmentation. We describe an image by breaking it into coherent regions where each region is well-described (easily reconstructed) by repeatedly instantiating a patch using a set of simple transformations. In other words, a good segment is one that has sufficient repetition of some pattern, and a patch is useful if it contains a pattern that is repeated in the image.
An Improvement of the Efficacy of Moxifloxacin HCl for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis by the Formulation of Ocular Mucoadhesive Microspheres

The aim of this study was to prepare novel ocular mucoadhesive microspheres of Moxifloxacin HCl to increase its residence time on the ocular surface and to enhance its therapeutic efficacy in ocular bacterial keratitis. Microspheres were fabricated with different grades of Methocel and Sodium CMC as polymers. Microspheres were evaluated for their particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, mucoadhesion, antimicrobial efficacy, and in vitro drug release studies. In vivo studies were carried out for the promising formulation on eyes of albino rabbits by inducing bacterial keratitis. A sterile microspheres suspension in light mineral oil was applied to infected eyes twice a day. A marketed conventional eye drop was used as a positive control. Eyes were examined daily for improvement of clinical signs of bacterial keratitis by an ophthalmologist. The average particle size of microspheres was found to be less than 80 μm. Methocel microspheres were found to have a smoother surface than Sodium CMC. Entrapment efficiency was enhanced with an increased polymer concentration and viscosity. The formulation containing Methocel K100M with a drug: polymer ratio of 1:2 exerted longer corneal and conjunctival mucoadhesion time of 8.45±0.15 h and 9.40±0.53 h respectively. In vitro release of Moxifloxacin HCl from microspheres was retarded with increased viscosity and concentration of polymers, and was controlled by diffusion as well as polymer relaxation. All formulations showed comparable antimicrobial activity in comparison with conventional marketed eye drops. The formulation containing Methocel K100M with a drug: polymer ratio of 1:2 was found to be a promising formulation and was used for the in vivo studies. The in vivo studies revealed that microspheres demonstrated significantly lower clinical scores and reduced the total duration of therapy than the marketed Moxifloxacin HCl eye drops. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that ocular mucoadhesive microspheres of Moxifloxacin HCl were found to have an improved efficacy in the treatment of ocular bacterial keratitis in comparison with the marketed formulation.
Computational Investigations of Multiword Chunks in Language Learning

Second-language learners rarely arrive at native proficiency in a number of linguistic domains, including morphological and syntactic processing. Previous approaches to understanding the different outcomes of first- versus second-language learning have focused on cognitive and neural factors. In contrast, we explore the possibility that children and adults may rely on different linguistic units throughout the course of language learning, with specific focus on the granularity of those units. Following recent psycholinguistic evidence for the role of multiword chunks in online language processing, we explore the hypothesis that children rely more heavily on multiword units in language learning than do adults learning a second language. To this end, we take an initial step toward using large-scale, corpus-based computational modeling as a tool for exploring the granularity of speakers' linguistic units. Employing a computational model of language learning, the Chunk-Based Learner, we compare the usefulness of chunk-based knowledge in accounting for the speech of second-language learners versus children and adults speaking their first language. Our findings suggest that while multiword units are likely to play a role in second-language learning, adults may learn less useful chunks, rely on them to a lesser extent, and arrive at them through different means than children learning a first language.
Compact Test Generation With an Influence Input Measure for Launch-On-Capture Transition Fault Testing

We propose a compact test generation method for transition faults based on a conflict avoidance driven scheme. A new measure is proposed to estimate the influence inputs, which is the subset of inputs to be specified, needed for detecting transition faults. The value requirements at the pseudoprimary inputs (PPIs) of the second frame of the automatic test pattern generation circuit model are partitioned into separate subsets. The sequential backtracing scheme backtraces the value requirements on the PPIs of the second frame subset-by-subset. Justification of the necessary value requirements at the PPIs in the second frame is completed using a conflict-driven procedure. With an influence input measure for transition faults under the launch-on-capture scan testing application scheme, a new dynamic test compaction scheme is proposed. The new test compaction scheme tries to compact as many faults as possible into the current test. Experimental results and comparison with existing approaches demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fast and Near-Optimal Algorithms for Approximating Distributions by Histograms

Histograms are among the most popular structures for the succinct summarization of data in a variety of database applications. In this work, we provide fast and near-optimal algorithms for approximating arbitrary one dimensional data distributions by histograms. A k-histogram is a piecewise constant function with k pieces. We consider the following natural problem, previously studied by Indyk, Levi, and Rubinfeld in PODS 2012: given samples from a distribution p over {1,. ,n}, compute a k histogram that minimizes the l2-distance from p, up to an additive ε. We design an algorithm for this problem that uses the information-theoretically minimal sample size of m = O(1/ε2), runs in sample-linear time O(m), and outputs an O(k)-histogram whose l2-distance from p is at most O(optk) +ε, where optk is the minimum l2-distance between p and any k-histogram. Perhaps surprisingly, the sample size and running time of our algorithm are independent of the universe size. We generalize our approach to obtain fast algorithms for multi-scale histogram construction, as well as approximation by piecewise polynomial distributions. We experimentally demonstrate one to two orders of magnitude im rovement in terms of empirical running times over previous state-of-the-art algorithms.
Prevention and management of duodenal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is one of two well described forms of hereditary colorectal cancer. The primary cause of death from this syndrome is colorectal cancer which inevitably develops usually by the fifth decade of life. Screening by genetic testing and endoscopy in concert with prophylactic surgery has significantly improved the overall survival of FAP patients. However, less well appreciated by medical providers is the second leading cause of death in FAP, duodenal adenocarcinoma. This review will discuss the clinicopathological features, management, and prevention of duodenal neoplasia in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. FAP is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) gene. FAP is characterised by the development of multiple (⩾100) adenomas in the colorectum. Colorectal polyposis develops by age 15 years in 50% and age 35 years in 95% of patients. The lifetime risk of colorectal carcinoma is virtually 100% if patients are not treated by colectomy.1 Patients with FAP can also develop a wide variety of extraintestinal findings. These include cutaneous lesions (lipomas, fibromas, and sebaceous and epidermoid cysts), desmoid tumours, osteomas, occult radio-opaque jaw lesions, dental abnormalities, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. In addition, FAP patients are at increased risk for several malignancies, such as hepatoblastoma, pancreatic, thyroid, biliary-tree, and brain tumours.1 Other gastrointestinal manifestations commonly found in FAP patients are duodenal adenomas, and gastric fundic gland and adenomatous polyps. Of concern, duodenal cancer is the second leading cause of death after colorectal cancer in these individuals. After the colorectum, the duodenum is the second most commonly affected site of polyp development in FAP (fig 1). 2,3 Duodenal adenomas can be found in 30–70% of FAP patients2–4 and the lifetime risk of these lesions approaches 100%. 4,5 …
On-demand drug release system for in vivo cancer treatment through self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles.

The intrinsic nature of small-molecule chemotherapeutics, including i) limited aqueous solubility, ii) systemic toxicity due to non-specific whole-body distribution, and iii) potential development of drug resistance after initial administration, compromises their treatment efficacy. [1] Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems have been considered as promising alternatives to overcome some of these limitations and begin to resolve obstacles in the disease management in clinical oncology. [2] The intraparticular space of a NP vector can be employed to package drug payloads without constrain associated with their solubility. Further, NP vectors exhibit enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects[3] that facilitate the differential uptake, leading to preferential spatio-distribution in tumor. [4] However, conventional NP drug delivery systems tend to passively release drug payloads, limiting the ability to release an effective drug concentration at a desired time window. Therefore, there is a need to develop next-generation NP drug delivery system such as a stimuli-responsive drug release system with a goal of achieving spatio-temporal control, by which an acute level of drug concentration can be delivered at the time point the NP vectors reach maximum tumor accumulation. [5] By doing so, it is expected to dramatically improve therapeutic effects in tumor and effectively reduce systematic toxicity at a minute drug dosage. [6]
P2X7 Receptors Mediate Innate Phagocytosis by Human Neural Precursor Cells and Neuroblasts

During early human neurogenesis there is overproduction of neuroblasts and neurons accompanied by widespread programmed cell death (PCD). While it is understood that CD68+ microglia and astrocytes mediate phagocytosis during target‐dependent PCD, little is known of the cell identity or the scavenger molecules used to remove apoptotic corpses during the earliest stages of human neurogenesis. Using a combination of multiple‐marker immunohistochemical staining, functional blocking antibodies and antagonists, we showed that human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and neuroblasts express functional P2X7 receptors. Furthermore, using live‐cell imaging, flow cytometry, phagocytic assays, and siRNA knockdown, we showed that in a serum‐free environment, doublecortin+ (DCX) neuroblasts and hNPCs can clear apoptotic cells by innate phagocytosis mediated via P2X7. We found that both P2X7highDCXlow hNPCs and P2X7highDCXhigh neuroblasts, derived from primary cultures of human fetal telencephalon, phagocytosed targets including latex beads, apoptotic ReNcells, and apoptotic hNPC/neuroblasts. Pretreatment of neuroblasts and hNPCs with 1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 100 µM OxATP (P2X7 antagonist), or siRNA knockdown of P2X7 inhibited phagocytosis of these targets. Our results show that P2X7 functions as a scavenger receptor under serum‐free conditions resembling those in early neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration that hNPCs and neuroblasts may participate in clearance of apoptotic corpses during pre target‐dependent neurogenesis and mediate phagocytosis using P2X7 as a scavenger receptor. Stem Cells 2015;33:526–541
Platform and experimentation of secure service location with P2P/Client-Server over ad hoc networks

Ad hoc networking is considered as an inexpensive solution for easy and fast wireless network coverage. However, for real service deployment, security and availability in such networks are still under research even though some experimentation has shown its viability. Additionally, peer-to-peer (P2P) networking has emerged as a key technology to enable resource sharing among users. As a result, the load charge on servers can be reduced by using P2P, but this approach presents a drawback related to the services availability; when a peer is not connected, its resources are not reachable. Alternatively, Client-Server architecture provides a centralized approach; but a high demand on client requests might deteriorate service response and capacity. In the case of ad hoc networks, offering services securely is even more challenging since all nodes are anonymous until being authenticated. In this paper, we propose to offer a secure location of services in an ad hoc environment. We focused on the development of a proxy-based solution to combine a P2P-client/server network overlay in order to provide securely the location information of network services (e.g. AAA service, Kerberos) and to set a platform that can include application services (e.g. multimedia content service). More precisely, we deployed a network overlay P2P platform using JXTA; a set of peer to peer protocols, and we developed simple peer nodes and a proxy server for providing and ensuring service access control. Other security services can also be deployed such as Kerberos, PKI, among others. In our platform, the JXTA was combined; through the proxy server, with a distributed Radius AAA server to perform authentication tasks prior to discovering the location of the required services in the ad hoc network. We added encryption and message authentication code mechanisms to provide a complete secured solution. GPS Bluetooth devices were used to obtain nodes location but other location systems are also possible. Finally, a detailed description of the system architecture and platform is provided describing all the modular components as well as numerical results derived from a simple test bed.
Improved Policy Database System for Protecting Possession Sensitive Attributes in Automated Trust Negotiation

Automated trust negotiation is an iterative process that establishes trust gradually between strangers wishing to share resources or conduct business transactions, by requesting and disclosing digital credentials. Protection of sensitive information in automated trust negotiation has been drawn much attention all over the world. Recently, policy database has been proposed as a means to protect possession-sensitive attributes. However, possession sensitive information leakage through probabilistic inference still exists in it. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, a formal definition for relevant attributes is given. A relation model of relevant attributes is also designed. Besides that, we present a desideratum of policies for relevant attributes based on the relation model. And the desideratum is enforced in a relevance checker that is used to check whether the submitted policies satisfy the desideratum, which is an addition to the policy database system as an improvement. Safety in this improved policy database system is analyzed, which comes to a conclusion that this approach, compared with the original policy database system, provides more strongly protection to possession sensitive attributes.
Effects of personality on territory defence in communication networks: a playback experiment with radio-tagged great tits

Individuals often differ consistently in behaviour across time and contexts, and such consistent behavioural differences are commonly described as personality. Personality can play a central role in social behaviour both in dyadic interactions and in social networks. We investigated whether explorative behaviour, as proxy of personality of territorial male great tits (Parus major), predicts their own and their neighbours' territorial responses towards simulated intruders. Several weeks prior to playback, subjects were taken from the wild to test their exploratory behaviour in a standard context in the laboratory. Exploratory behaviour provides a proxy of personality along a slow–fast explorer continuum. Upon release, males were radio-tracked and subsequently exposed to interactive playback simulating a more or a less aggressive territorial intruder (by either overlapping or alternating broadcast songs with the subjects' songs). At the same time, we radio-tracked a neighbour of the playback subject. Male vocal responses during playback and spatial movements after playback varied according to male explorative behaviour and playback treatment. Males with lower exploration scores approached the loudspeaker less, and sang more songs, shorter songs and songs with slower element rates than did males with higher exploration scores. Moreover, neighbour responses were related to the explorative behaviour of the subject receiving the playback but not to their own explorative behaviour. Our overall findings reveal for the first time how personality traits affect resource defence within a communication network providing new insights on the cause of variation in resource defence behaviour.
Speed, Accuracy, and Serial Order in Sequence Production

The production of complex sequences like music or speech requires the rapid and temporally precise production of events (e.g., notes and chords), often at fast rates. Memory retrieval in these circumstances may rely on the simultaneous activation of both the current event and the surrounding context (Lashley, 1951). We describe an extension to a model of incremental retrieval in sequence production (Palmer & Pfordresher, 2003) that incorporates this logic to predict overall error rates and speed-accuracy trade-offs, as well as types of serial ordering errors. The model-assumes that retrieval of the current event is influenced by activations of surrounding events. Activations of surrounding events increase over time, such that both the accessibility of distant events and overall accuracy increases at slower production rates. The model's predictions were tested in an experiment in which pianists performed unfamiliar music at 8 different tempi. Model fits to speed-accuracy data and to serial ordering errors support model predictions. Parameter fits to individual data further suggest that working memory contributes to the retrieval of serial order and overall accuracy is influenced in addition by motor dexterity and domain-specific skill.