Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sleep in Interpersonal Conflict

This research examined the impact of a basic biological process—namely, sleep—on relationship conflict, specifically testing whether poor sleep influences the degree, nature, and resolution of conflict. In Study 1, a 14-day daily experience study, participants reported more conflict in their romantic relationships following poor nights of sleep. In Study 2, we brought couples into the laboratory to assess the dyadic effects of sleep on the nature and resolution of conflict. One partner’s poor sleep was associated with a lower ratio of positive to negative affect (self-reported and observed), as well as decreased empathic accuracy for both partners during a conflict conversation. Conflict resolution occurred most when both partners were well rested. Effects were not explained by stress, anxiety, depression, lack of relationship satisfaction, or by partners being the source of poor sleep. Overall, these findings highlight a key factor that may breed conflict, thereby putting relationships at risk.
Context and Action in the Transformation of the Firm

The article focuses on the context and action in the transformation of the firm. The article addresses James MacGregor Burns's assertion that effective leadership is evident by the achievement of real and intended change. The author claims that change leadership can only be measured over time and must consider multiple perspectives, taking into account continuity and change, individual as well as group actions, and patterns and idiosyncracies. The article reviews the current literature on change leadership, presents a longitudinal study of strategic change processes at Imperial Chemical Industries, and interprets the findings of the study.
Involvement of contractile proteins in the changes in consistency of oocyte nucleoplasm of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii

In the present work, we show that actin is present in considerable quantities in the oocyte nucleus of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii. The nuclear sap, extracted in saline buffer containing Ca++, is fluid. DNAase I inhibition assays have shown that 90% of actin is under a globular state in such conditions. Chelation of Ca++ by EGTA leads to the formation of a nuclear gel composed of individual microfilaments. This nuclear gel contains approximately 50% of total nuclear actin in a filamentous form. Phalloidin, a drug known to stabilize F-actin, induces the formation of a network of actin cables in the nuclei. This network contains nearly 100% of total nuclear actin in the filamentous form. The observation of the cables in the electron microscope shows that they are made of tightly associated microfilaments to which RNP- like particles are bound. The actin antibodies stain the cables and the particles by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique; myosin antibodies mainly stain the particles. The formation of the phalloidin-induced network seems to require the presence of Ca++, Mg++, and ATP. We propose a scheme for the regulation of the supramolecular forms of actin in oocyte nuclei in which a delicate equilibrium seems to exist between globular actin, microfilaments, and actin cables. This equilibrium would be controlled by the concentration of Ca++, ATP, and various actin-associated proteins.
Effects of In Vivo Emotive Imagery and Performance Feedback on Self-Efficacy and Muscular Endurance

An experiment was conducted to investigate the relative merits of in vivo emotive imagery and performance feedback in enhancing self-efficacy beliefs and performance on a competitive muscular endurance task. College males (n=60) and females (n=60) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: mastery imagery plus feedback, feedback alone, or control condition. Subjects in the imagery-plus-feedback condition were told that one of the pair (always the subject) would receive imagery exposure while the other (always the confederate) would wait outside. Subjects performed two trials against the confederate, who always won by 10 seconds. A Group x Trials interaction for self-efficacy revealed a significant increase for the imagery group after brief exposure. Also, imagery subjects had significantly higher efficacy scores than feedback alone or control subjects after each performance trial. A Group x Trials interaction for performance indicated that imagery subjects initially had significantly longer perfor.
Five Dimensions of Social Capital Theory as they Pertain to Youth Studies

Social capital theory has developed over the past two decades and has become increasingly popular among youth studies scholars, as well as among policy and program researchers. Despite its wide usage, the theory's utility is limited and largely unknown because researchers typically only test one of the theory's core dimensions: whether social capital influences youths’ well-being. This paper examines the five main dimensions of social capital theory that have been discussed in a fragmented manner throughout the youth studies literature in an attempt to aid researchers in their conceptualization and operationalization of social capital and their testing of theory.
Teachers' Perspectives of Teaching Science-Technology-Society in Local Cultures: A Sociocultural Analysis.

The teaching of science-technology-society (STS) topics to school-age children is generally advocated by the science education community as a critically needed infusion throughout the K-12 science education curriculum. In many instances, the STS initiative does not play a significant role in the science teaching of practicing teachers because they perceive many topics as controversial. In this context, we undertook an exploration using a sociocultural perspective to understand teachers'perspectivesonteach- ing STS topics. We employed the constructs of taboos (beliefs that constrain action by making those behaviors perceived as threatening by the members of the social group forbidden and improper for discussion) and noas (instructional topics that teachers gen- erally perceived as not forbidden and as proper topics for discussion in local cultures) to investigate the perceptions of science teachers about controversial topics and curriculum infusion. Interpretative research strategies were used to describe and interpretfiveteachers' classroom practices of STS after an extended STS in-service experience. Two principal assertions relate the teachers' perspective on job security to their STS curricular decisions and the teachers' perceptions as outsiders to increasing conformity to the school's local culture and decreased teaching of controversial issues. A key implication for teacher ed- ucation is that more attention should be placed on consideration of the impact of practi- tioners' beliefs concerning their local school cultures on their STS teaching practices. 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 83:179-211, 1999.
Singulars and plurals in Dutch: Evidence for a parallel dual-route model

Are regular morphologically complex words stored in the mental lexicon? Answers to this question have ranged from full listing to parsing for every regular complex word. We investigated the roles of storage and parsing in the visual domain for the productive Dutch plural suffix -en.Two experiments are reported that show that storage occurs for high-frequency noun plurals. A mathematical formalization of a parallel dual-route race model is presented that accounts for the patterns in the observed reaction time data with essentially one free parameter, the speed of the parsing route. Parsing for noun plurals appears to be a time-costly process, which we attribute to the ambiguity of -en,a suffix that is predominantly used as a verbal ending. A third experiment contrasted nouns and verbs. This experiment revealed no effect of surface frequency for verbs, but again a solid effect for nouns. Together, our results suggest that many noun plurals are stored in order to avoid the time-costly resolution of the subcategorization conflict that arises when the -ensuffix is attached to nouns.
Effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation based on tremor type and diagnosis

It has been suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is less effective in alleviating proximal than distal postural arm tremor and tremor reduction is said to be less in essential tremor (ET) than in Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed blinded rater's tremor scores and subjects' disability ratings at 3‐month follow‐up to examine the effects of DBS based on tremor type (rest, kinetic, distal postural, proximal postural) and diagnosis (ET, PD). An independent examiner provided tremor scores using randomized videotaped footage of 19 ET and 10 PD subjects at baseline and at follow‐up with DBS “on. ” Subjects provided self‐ratings of disability at baseline and at follow‐up. Comparisons of baseline and follow‐up tremor scores and disability ratings were made using the Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon rank sum W test; correlation analyses were performed using Spearman rank order correlation test. There were significant and essentially equal improvements in tremor scores for rest, kinetic, distal postural, and proximal postural tremor at follow‐up. Only one subject had no improvement in tremor. Tremor improved significantly and to the same extent in ET and PD subjects in each position except “at rest,” which was most improved in PD (p = 0.0003). ET and PD subjects did not differ in the extent of disability improvement. Improved disability correlated only with improved postural tremor scores: proximal postural and distal postural (r = 0.41, p = 0.03; r = 0.47, p = 0.01). DBS is effective in alleviating tremor and disability in both ET and PD. Resting, kinetic, distal postural, and proximal postural tremor can be reduced to an equal degree. However, DBS produces the greates improvement in disability in association with improved postural tremor in both ET and PD.
Recurrent Neural Networks with External Memory for Language Understanding

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have become increasingly popular for the task of language understanding. In this task, a semantic tagger is deployed to associate a semantic label to each word in an input sequence. The success of RNN may be attributed to its ability to memorize long-term dependence that relates the current-time semantic label prediction to the observations many time instances away. However, the memory capacity of simple RNNs is limited because of the gradient vanishing and exploding problem. We propose to use an external memory to improve memorization capability of RNNs. We conducted experiments on the ATIS dataset, and observed that the proposed model was able to achieve the state-of-the-art results. We compare our proposed model with alternative models and report analysis results that may provide insights for future research.
Reflexiones sobre el cuidado de sí como categoría de análisis en salud

En el articulo se reflexiona sobre el cuidado de si en salud como categoria de analisis en clave de la salud colectiva. Tal categoria posibilita comprender como los sujetos participan activamente en la promocion y el desarrollo de practicas cotidianas que prodigan cuidado. En este marco, el cuidado de si involucra la relacion dialogica de los seres humanos consigo mismos, con sus cuerpos y con el entorno en el cual realizan sus actividades diarias. Una reflexion como la que se propone privilegia en la experiencia de los seres humanos lo micro, lo sociocultural, el mundo de la vida cotidiana como escenario de reproduccion economica y social donde se concretan las interacciones y las relaciones intersubjetivas que posibilitan la emergencia de conocimiento socialmente construido con respecto al mantenimiento y al cuidado de la salud.
The Role of the Dorsal Visual Processing Stream in Tool Identification

The dorsal visual processing stream subserves object-directed action, whereas the ventral visual processing stream subserves visual object recognition. Little is known about how information computed by dorsal-stream structures influences object recognition. We used continuous flash suppression to functionally separate information computed by the dorsal stream from that computed by the ventral stream. We show that information originating from the dorsal stream influences not only decisions requiring the selection of superordinate category labels, but also decisions that entail the selection of a basic-level object. We further show that information computed by the dorsal stream does not carry specific functional information about objects. Our results indicate that the dorsal stream, in isolation from the ventral stream, is agnostic as to the identity of the objects that it processes. We suggest that structures within the dorsal visual processing stream compute motor-relevant information (e.g., graspability), which influences the identification of manipulable objects, and is not either about the function of the object or function-specific.
Role for B-cell adapter for PI3K (BCAP) as a signaling adapter linking Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to serine/threonine kinases PI3K/Akt

Toll like receptors (TLRs) use Toll–IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapters, such as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), to induce activation of transcription factors, including NF-κB, MAP kinases, and IFN regulatory factors. TLR signaling also leads to activation of PI3K, but the molecular mechanism is not understood. Here we have discovered a unique role for B-cell adapter for PI3K (BCAP) in the TLR-signaling pathway. We find that BCAP has a functional N-terminal TIR homology domain and links TLR signaling to activation of PI3K. In addition, BCAP negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion upon TLR stimulation. In vivo, the absence of BCAP leads to exaggerated recruitment of inflammatory myeloid cells following infections and enhanced susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Our results demonstrate that BCAP is a unique TIR domain-containing TLR signaling adapter crucial for linking TLRs to PI3K activation and regulating the inflammatory response.
An imperative need to change pharmacology curriculum: A pilot survey

Sir, Pharmacology being both a basic and applied science forms the backbone of rational therapeutics. The primary objective of teaching pharmacology is to enable undergraduate medical students to take rational therapeutic decisions in clinical practice. However, this objective is not adequately met by the prevailing curricula. [1] The subject is taught with high factual information rather than therapeutic skills. Hence, a pilot survey was carried out at our teaching hospital to assess the clinical application of the pharmacology knowledge in patient care. The following questionnaire was distributed to interns. A 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree was used. Relevance of basic experimental pharmacology (experiments on isolated frog tissues and rabbits’ eyes) knowledge in patient care. Relevance of dispensing pharmacy exercise knowledge (preparing and dispensing of ointments, liniments, pastes, etc.) in patient care. Do you feel bedside case study (a real clinical problem) in pharmacology practical would have been more relevant in patient care? Necessity for integrating clinical pharmacology with clinical subjects in final MBBS phase-3. The data were compiled and analysed. Out of 82 interns, 74 responded completely to the questionnaire. The survey indicated that relevance of experimental pharmacology and dispensing pharmacy knowledge in patient care was poor [Figure 1]. Our study substantiated the view that practical curricula are “outdated and obsolete, and has failed to achieve the objective for which they were instituted”. [2] Figure 1 Comparison of responses (%) of participants to questionnaire (n = 74). Majority of the interns (95%) felt necessity for bedside clinical case study and the necessity of integrating pharmacology teaching with clinical subjects in MBBS phase-3, i.e. context learning–gaining of knowledge and skills simultaneously (97%). This corroborates with studies done in other countries where context learning has been found to be more successful and effective than sequential learning where in learning and applications of knowledge are separated. [3,4] The clinical postings of undergraduates emphasize on teaching diagnosis of the diseases. The skills required for therapeutic reasoning and prescribing are not addressed and taught in a structured way. [4,5] On the other hand, interns are expected to prescribe drugs from the first day of clinical work and may not feel confident when confronted to take decisions independently. Thus, our study upholds the view that there is an imperative need to implement radical changes in the teaching curricula of pharmacology which should be in consonance with patient care for the doctors of tomorrow to render better health service.
Health-Related Quality of Life 2 Years After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background and Research Objective:The primary objective of this longitudinal study was to examine patient-perceived health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and depressive symptoms 2 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS) compared with the results from preoperative and 1 year postoperative data and to compare the 2-year follow-up data with Australian population normative scores. Subjects and Methods:Eighty-seven participants were recruited preoperatively, and their HRQOL was assessed before, 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results and Conclusions:Forty-eight participants completed both questionnaires 2 years after CABGS. Short Form-36 mean scores indicated an overall improvement in all aspects of HRQOL, with a statistically significant improvement in 5 of the SF-36 health domains and in the physical component summary (P ≤ .05). Comparison of 1- and 2-year SF-36 scores revealed a moderate, nonsignificant deterioration in 6 of the health domains and in the physical component summary, whereas Mental Health and the Mental Component Summary showed a moderate, nonsignificant improvement. Two-year postoperative SF-36 scores were similar to normative scores of the Australian population with heart disease. Beck Depression Inventory mean scores were within the normal range (≤9) at 2 years postoperatively and not significantly different from preoperative scores. The research has indicated that most of the participants had significant improvements in their perceived health status 2 years after CABGS and no significant depressive symptoms had been noted; however, it also raises questions as to why there may be some deterioration in health status between 1 and 2 years postoperatively. This has important implications for the planning of nursing care and patient education after CABGS.
Genetic Amniocentesis: Significance of Intraamniotic Bleeding and Placental Location

Simultaneous ultrasound was used to determine if there was a correlation between visualized intraamniotic bleeding, placental location, and fetal-maternal hemorrhage. It was hoped to then determine which Rh-negative patients should receive Rh immunoglobulin. Visualized intraamniotic bleeding showed no correlation to fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Intraamniotic bleeding was commonly associated with needle insertion through an anterior placenta, but also occurred regardless of placental location and in the absence of placental needle traversal. No correlation was found between placental location and fetal-maternal hemorrhage as evidenced by evaluation of maternal serum a-fetpprotein. The Kleihauer test was not as sensitive as a-fetoprotein.
Family Education Improves Student's Academic Performance: Contributions from European Research

There is a wide body of literature about the relation between families’ education andstudents’ academic performance. Several contributions have focused its analysis ondescribing the gap between children of academic families and non-academic families,especially those with low socioeconomic status from underprivileged neighbourhoods.These kinds of conclusions have had an impact on educational actions which start fromthe point that children from non academic and underprivileged families are condemnedto school failure. Findings from a large-scale European research project on schooling arerefuting these conclusions. This research has provided evidences on those types offamily and community participation that are contributing to educational success. Thispaper presents one of these types of participation, which is family education as aSuccessful Educational Action (SEA) that is improving students’ performance bycreating learning spaces between families and students where cultural and educationalinteractions are shared. Data provided here illustrates how these interactions contributeto accelerate children’s learning.
Inhibition of Secretion of Interleukin-1α and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by the Ketolide Antibiotic Telithromycin

ABSTRACT The antibiotic telithromycin was examined for its effect on secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes of eight human donors. Secretion of each cytokine was significantly increased by LPS alone, whereas treatment with telithromycin significantly inhibited secretion of IL-1α and TNF-α but not secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Telithromycin had immunomodulatory effects as a result of alteration of secretion of IL-1α and TNF-α by monocytes.
Social Cognition in Williams Syndrome: Relations between Performance on the Social Attribution Task and Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics

Williams syndrome (WS) is a developmental disorder of genetic origin, with characteristic cognitive and personality profiles. Studies of WS point to an outgoing and gregarious personality style, often contrasted with autism spectrum disorders; however, recent research has uncovered underlying social reciprocity difficulties in people with WS. Social information processing difficulties that underlie these social reciprocity difficulties have been sparsely examined. Participants in the current study included 24 children with WS ages 8 through 15. A lab-based measure of social perception and social cognition was administered (Social Attribution Test), as well as an intellectual functioning measure (KBIT-II) and parent reports of communication and reciprocal social skills (Social Communication Questionnaire, Social Responsiveness Scale). Relations between social cognition, cognitive abilities, and social-communication were examined. Results demonstrated relations between parent-reported social reciprocity and the typicality of the responses provided in the lab-based measure, even once variability in intellectual functioning was taken into account. Specifically, those individuals who produced narratives in response to the social attribution task (SAT) that were more similar to those described in previous studies of typically developing individuals were also reported to have fewer social reciprocity difficulties in the real world setting as reported by parents. In addition, a significant improvement in performance on the SAT was seen with added scaffolding, particularly for participants with stronger intellectual functioning. These findings indicate that difficulties interpreting the social dynamics between others in ambiguous situations may contribute to the social relationship difficulties observed in people with WS, above and beyond the role of intellectual functioning. Exploratory analyses indicated that performance by individuals with stronger intellectual functioning is improved with additional structure to a greater degree than for those with weaker intellectual functioning. Interventions that specifically target these social information processing of individuals with WS would likely be beneficial.