Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp., the Largest Terrestrial Predator from Europe, and a Proposed Terminology of the Maxilla Anatomy in Nonavian Theropods

The Lourinhã Formation (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) of Central West Portugal is well known for its diversified dinosaur fauna similar to that of the Morrison Formation of North America; both areas share dinosaur taxa including the top predator Torvosaurus, reported in Portugal. The material assigned to the Portuguese T. tanneri, consisting of a right maxilla and an incomplete caudal centrum, was briefly described in the literature and a thorough description of these bones is here given for the first time. A comparison with material referred to Torvosaurus tanneri allows us to highlight some important differences justifying the creation of a distinct Eastern species. Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp. displays two autapomorphies among Megalosauroidea, a maxilla possessing fewer than eleven teeth and an interdental wall nearly coincidental with the lateral wall of the maxillary body. In addition, it differs from T. tanneri by a reduced number of maxillary teeth, the absence of interdental plates terminating ventrally by broad V-shaped points and falling short relative to the lateral maxillary wall, and the absence of a protuberant ridge on the anterior part of the medial shelf, posterior to the anteromedial process. T. gurneyi is the largest theropod from the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal and the largest land predator discovered in Europe hitherto. This taxon supports the mechanism of vicariance that occurred in the Iberian Meseta during the Late Jurassic when the proto-Atlantic was already well formed. A fragment of maxilla from the Lourinhã Formation referred to Torvosaurus sp. is ascribed to this new species, and several other bones, including a femur, a tibia and embryonic material all from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian of Portugal, are tentatively assigned to T. gurneyi. A standard terminology and notation of the theropod maxilla is also proposed and a record of the Torvosaurus material from Portugal is given.
Schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings share increased resting-state connectivity in the task-negative network but not its anticorrelated task-positive network.

BACKGROUND Abnormal connectivity of the anticorrelated intrinsic networks, the task-negative network (TNN), and the task-positive network (TPN) is implicated in schizophrenia. Comparisons between schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings enable further understanding of illness susceptibility and pathophysiology. We examined the resting-state connectivity differences in the intrinsic networks between schizophrenic patients, their unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from 25 individuals in each subject group. The posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were used as seed regions to identify the TNN and TPN through functional connectivity analysis. Interregional connectivity strengths were analyzed using overlapped intrinsic networks composed of regions common to all subject groups. RESULTS Schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings showed increased connectivity in the TNN between the bilateral inferior temporal gyri. By contrast, schizophrenic patients alone demonstrated increased connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and left inferior temporal gyrus and between the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and right lateral parietal cortex in the TNN. Schizophrenic patients exhibited increased connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus in the TPN relative to their unaffected siblings, though this trend only approached statistical significance in comparison to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Resting-state hyperconnectivity of the intrinsic networks may disrupt network coordination and thereby contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Similar, though milder, hyperconnectivity of the TNN in unaffected siblings of schizophrenic patients may contribute to the identification of schizophrenia endophenotypes and ultimately to the determination of schizophrenia risk genes.
The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Perfectionism, and Anxiety Sensitivity for Not Just Right Experiences

The obsessive-compulsive core dimensions model posits that compulsions are driven by harm avoidance, or to counteract a sense of incompleteness, known as ‘not just right experiences’ (NJREs). Evidence suggests NJREs are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and maladaptive perfectionism. However, manipulations of NJREs have focused on the visual system, and have not been examined in the context of arousal fears associated with anxiety sensitivity (AS). This study examined the relationship between OC symptoms, perfectionism, and AS using in vivo manipulations of NJREs across visual, auditory, and tactile sensory modalities. Using a 2 (NJRE vs. JRE) × 2 (AS vs. no AS) between-subjects design, participants (N = 132) completed behavioural tasks designed to elicit NJREs and assess task discomfort and urge to counteract sensory-specific stimuli. Strong relationships were observed between task ratings and self-report measures of NJREs, incompleteness, OCD symptoms, maladaptive perfectionism, and AS. Those in the NJRE conditions gave significantly higher task ratings compared to JRE conditions; however, there was no main effect for AS. While maladaptive perfectionism and AS were significant predictors of task performance, there was no interaction between the two. The results confirm and extend research suggesting a strong association between NJREs and incompleteness motivations, as well as sensory-affective disturbance in OCD.
Electricity Price Forecasting in Ontario Electricity Market Using Wavelet Transform in Artificial Neural Network Based Model

Electricity price forecasting has become an integral part of power system operation and control. In this paper, a wavelet transform (WT) based neural network (NN) model to forecast price profile in a deregulated electricity market has been presented. The historical price data has been decomposed into wavelet domain constitutive sub series using WT and then combined with the other time domain variables to form the set of input variables for the proposed forecasting model. The behavior of the wavelet domain constitutive series has been studied based on statistical analysis. It has been observed that forecasting accuracy can be improved by the use of WT in a forecasting model. Multi-scale analysis from one to seven levels of decomposition has been performed and the empirical evidence suggests that accuracy improvement is highest at third level of decomposition. Forecasting performance of the proposed model has been compared with (i) a heuristic technique, (ii) a simulation model used by Ontario's Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO), (iii) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model, (iv) NN model, (v) Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, (vi) Dynamic Regression (DR) model, and (vii) Transfer Function (TF) model. Forecasting results show that the performance of the proposed WT based NN model is satisfactory and it can be used by the participants to respond properly as it predicts price before closing of window for submission of initial bids.
Is it all about money? A qualitative analysis of problem gamblers’ conceptualisations of money

Aim: Money is an essential element in gambling but gambling disorders are more often discussed from the perspective of individual and psychological experiences than in the context of financial practices. Losing money is often among the first signs of problem gambling as well as being a motive for treatment-seeking. This article asks: what kinds of practices and meanings do problem gamblers assign to money in their everyday lives? Design: The data consist of 17 individual interviews with problem gamblers in Finland. The participants form a heterogeneous group of people with different financial backgrounds. Their discourses on money are systematically organised into a structured qualitative content analysis. Results: The results reveal four main conceptual traits of money as an everyday gambling-related problem: (1) a compelling need for money; (2) disposable money defining the tempo of gambling; (3) the balance between using money for gambling and spending it on other matters of everyday life; and (4) gradual spiral of increased money-related problems. Conclusions: Problem gambling re-organises the uses and sources of money in everyday life, and changes the meanings of money. Nevertheless, gambling spending does not seem to be utterly out of control, rather, on one hand, disposable income organises spending episodically, and on the other hand, problem gamblers exercise a certain degree of control over their household expenses. This observation could promote problem gamblers’ sense of control when recovering.this page for more information about identifying these. "-->
Regulated Deficit Irrigation Alters Anthocyanins, Tannins and Sensory Properties of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Wines

Four regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) regimes were applied to Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, which were analyzed for phenolics and also made into wine over three consecutive growing seasons. Relative to an industry standard regime (IS), yield was reduced over the three years by 37% in a full-deficit (FD) regime and by 18% in an early deficit (ED) regime, whereas no yield reduction occurred with a late deficit (LD) regime. Relative to IS, skin anthocyanin concentration (fresh weight basis) was 18% and 24% higher in ED and FD, respectively, whereas no effect was seen in LD. Seed tannin concentration was 3% and 8% higher in ED and FD, respectively, relative to the other two RDI regimes, whereas seed tannin content (amount per berry) was higher in IS than in FD. There were no practically relevant effects on the basic chemistry of the wines. The finished wines showed concentrations of tannins and anthocyanins that generally mirrored observed differences in skin and seed phenolic concentrations, although these were amplified in FD wines. Descriptive sensory analysis of the 2008 wines showed that FD wines were the most saturated in color, with higher purple hue, roughness, dryness and harshness, followed by ED wines, whereas IS and LD wines were less saturated in color and with higher brown and red hues. Overall, FD and ED seemed to yield fruit and wine with greater concentrations of phenolics than IS and LD, with the additional advantage of reducing water usage. However, these apparent benefits need to be balanced out with reductions in crop yields and potential long-term effects associated with pre-véraison water deficits.
Multiwavelength Study of Young Massive Star Clusters in the Interacting Galaxy Arp 24

We made a multiwavelength study of young massive star clusters (YSCs) in the interacting galaxy Arp 24 using optical and ultraviolet images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer, mid-infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and narrowband Hα images and optical spectra from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2.16 m telescope. Based on the HST images, we found that the brightest infrared knot in Arp 24 is associated with a complex of five YSCs within a region of ∼0.95″ radius (127 pc) in size. The ages and masses of the star clusters in this complex and other regions were estimated using HST broadband photometries and the Starburst99 synthesis models. The star clusters in this complex are very young (within ages of ∼3-5 Myr) and massive (masses of ∼105 M⊙). The ionization parameter and metallicity of the complex were estimated using the emission-line ratios, and the star formation rates were calculated using monochromatic 24 μm, far-ultraviolet, and Hα-line luminosities. We speculate that Arp 24 may have formed in a retrograde flyby encounter indicated by its one-armed appearance and fanlike structure, and the formation of the YSCs in this galaxy was triggered by the interaction. The clusters in the YSC complex may have formed in a single giant molecular cloud simultaneously. From the ultraviolet to mid-infrared spectral energy distributions, we found that the region of the YSC complex is relatively bluer in the optical and has higher 24 μm dust emission relative to the starlight and 8 μm emission. This warm infrared color may due to a strong UV radiation field or other mechanisms (e.g., shocks) within this region that may destroy the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and enhance the small-grain emission at 24 μm.
Spinal interneuron circuits reduce approximately 10-Hz movement discontinuities by phase cancellation

Tremor imposes an important limit to the accuracy of fine movements in healthy individuals and can be a disabling feature of neurological disease. Voluntary slow finger movements are not smooth but are characterized by large discontinuities (i.e., steps) in the tremor frequency range (approximately 10 Hz). Previous studies have shown that these discontinuities are coherent with activity in the primary motor cortex (M1), but that other brain areas are probably also involved. We investigated the contribution of three important subcortical areas in two macaque monkeys trained to perform slow finger movements. Local field potential and single-unit activity were recorded from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), medial pontomedullary reticular formation, and the intermediate zone of the spinal cord (SC). Coherence between LFP and acceleration was significant at 6 to 13 Hz for all areas, confirming the highly distributed nature of the central network responsible for this activity. The coherence phase at 6 to 13 Hz for DCN and pontomedullary reticular formation was similar to our previous results in M1. By contrast, for SC the phase differed from M1 by approximately π rad. Examination of single-unit discharge confirmed that this was a genuine difference in neural spiking and could not be explained by different properties of the local field potential. Convergence of antiphase oscillations from the SC with cortical and subcortical descending inputs will lead to cancellation of approximately 10 Hz oscillations at the motoneuronal level. This could appreciably limit drive to muscle at this frequency, thereby reducing tremor and improving movement precision.
Being Present in Action: A Theoretical Model About the “Interlocking” Between Intentions and Environmental Affordances

Recent neuropsychological evidence suggest that a key role in linking perceptions and intentions is played by sense of presence. Despite this phenomenon having been studied primarily in the field of virtual reality (conceived as the illusion of being in the virtual space), recent research highlighted that it is a fundamental feature of everyday experience. Specifically, the function of presence as a cognitive process is to locate the Self in a physical space or situation, based on the perceived possibility to act in it; so, the variations in sense of presence allow one to continuously adapt his own action to the external environment. Indeed intentions, as the cognitive antecedents of action, are not static representations of the desired outcomes, but dynamic processes able to adjust their own representational content according to the opportunities/restrictions emerging in the environment. Focusing on the peculiar context of action mediated by interactive technologies, we here propose a theoretical model showing how each level of an intentional hierarchy (future-directed; present directed; and motor intentions) can “interlock” with environmental affordances in order to promote a continuous stream of action and activity.
CONGRUENCES BETWEEN MODULAR FORMS, CYCLIC ISOGENIES OF MODULAR ELLIPTIC CURVES, AND INTEGRALITY OF P-ADIC L-FUNCTIONS

Let F be a congruence subgroup of type (Ni, N2) and of level N. We study congruences between weight 2 normalized newforms f and Eisenstein series E on F modulo a prime p above a rational prime p. Assume that p t 6N, E is a common eigenfunction for all Hecke operators and f is ordinary at p. We show that the abelian variety associated to f and the cuspidal subgroup associated to E intersect non-trivially in their p-torsion points. Let A be a modular elliptic curve over Q with good ordinary reduction at p. We apply the above result to show that an isogeny of degree divisible by p from the optimal curve A1 in the Q-isogeny class of elliptic curves containing A to A extends to an etale morphism of Neron models over 7p if p > 7. We use this to show that p-adic distributions associated to the p-adic L-functions of A are 7p-valued.
Phase Diagrams of the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems of Poly(ethylene glycol)/Sodium Polyacrylate/Salts

Aqueous two-phase systems consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA), and a salt have been studied. The effects of the polymer size, salt type (NaCl, Na2SO4, sodium adipate and sodium azelate) and salt concentrations on the position of the binodal curve were investigated. The investigated PEG molecules had a molar mass of 2,000 to 8,000 g/mol, while that of NaPAA was 8,000 g/mol. Experimental phase diagrams, and tie lines and calculated phase diagrams, based on Flory-Huggins theory of polymer solutions are presented. Due to strong enthalpic and entropic balancing forces, the hydrophobicity of the added salt has a strong influence on the position of the binodal, which could be reproduced by model calculations.
Scaffolding for Success in Problem-Based Learning

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is based on an alternative pedagogical model to the conventional, didactic one, and offers benefits to the quality of student learning. The approach has been adopted by many institutions. The focus of this paper is on the influence of the learning support structure in an environment (such as the typical PBL environment) that encourages student independence as one of its basic tenets. The immediate reaction might be to assume that it takes on a reduced importance in such circumstances. That assumption is challenged in this paper.
In Vivo Evidence for Antioxidant Potential of Estrogen in Microvessels of Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

In studies conducted in vitro, it has been demonstrated that estrogen has an antioxidant potential that may contribute to its protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the antioxidant effect of estrogen in vivo has not been demonstrated. To address this issue, in this study the effects of estrogen on oxidative stress were evaluated in microvessels studied in vivo. Oxidative stress was evaluated by using intravital microscopy in mesenteric arterioles from female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in physiological estrous (OE), ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treated with estradiol (E2), or estradiol + progesterone (E/P). The mesenteries were superfused with hydroethidine, a reduced and nonfluorescent precursor of ethidium bromide (EB). In the presence of reactive oxygen species, hydroethidine is transformed intracellularly in EB, which binds to DNA and can be detected by its red fluorescence. The percentage of EB-positive nuclei along the arteriolar wall in OVX (28.4±4.3) was significantly increased compared with OE (14.2±3.9;P <0.05). The OVX overproduction of oxyradicals was attenuated by E2 (15.7±2.2) and E/P (14.8±0.8). Treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTMPyP attenuated by 75% the oxidation of hydroethidine in both OE and OVX. Conversely, mannitol, that decomposes hydroxyl radical, and L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, had no significant effects on hydroethidine oxidation. No differences on hydrogen peroxide plasma concentration were observed among the groups, suggesting that superoxide anion is the most likely oxyradical involved in the increased oxidative stress observed in OVX. The treatment of mesenteries with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase inhibitor, but not with oxypurinol, a xanthine-oxidase inhibitor, produced a significant reduction of oxyradical generation in OVX microvessels and a slight decrease in those from OE. Chronic treatment of female SHR with losartan caused similar decreases in oxyradicals in both OE and OVX, whereas diclofenac and verapamil had no effects. Together these data suggest that estrogen reduces superoxide anion bioavailability in vivo. The antioxidant effect of estrogen, which can contribute to a less pronounced endothelial dysfunction in female SHR, may be dependent on a direct modulatory action of estrogen on NADPH activity.
Genotype-phenotype analysis of F-helix mutations at the kinase domain of TGFBR2, including a type 2 Marfan syndrome familial study

Purpose Transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2) gene mutations are associated with Marfan syndrome; however, the relationship between the mutations and clinical phenotypes are not clear. Methods Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of a Chinese proband with Marfan syndrome, five of the proband’s relatives, and 100 unrelated Chinese control subjects were isolated and screened for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and TGFBR2 gene mutations by direct sequencing, and a genotype-phenotype study was performed following a review of the literature on TGFBR2 mutations in the search area. Also, the structure of TGFBR2 protein before and after gene mutation was analyzed. Results The results identified a novel missense TGFBR2 mutation p.V453E (c.1358T>A) in the proband and two relatives that was located in the F-helix in the kinase domain of TGFBR2. No such genetic change was observed in the unrelated controls. No FBN1 mutation was detected in any of the subjects. Genotype-phenotype analyses indicated that F-helix mutations are related to type 2 Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and these mutations can lead to severe cardiovascular (93.8%) and skeletal (81.3%) lesions and minor ocular lesions (25%). Losartan treatment can slow-down the progression of aortic lesions. Conclusions The ﬁndings extend the mutation spectrum of Marfan syndrome, and that mutations at the F-helix in the kinase domain of TGFBR2 may be associated with the development of severe cardiovascular and skeletal lesions and minor ocular lesions. These findings have implications for genetic testing, diagnosis, and treatment in individuals with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling-related disorders.