Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Evidence of Visual Storage in Short-term Memory Tasks

Auditory and visual presentation of verbal material were compared in a single patient having an auditory verbal S.T. M. deficit. A Peterson short-term forgetting experiment and an immediate memory span task are reported. Striking differences in performance related to modality of input were obtained. Auditory short-term forgetting was more rapid, whereas with visual presentation short-term decay functions were relatively normal. With visual presentation there was no evidence of acoustic confusion errors but there was some evidence of visual confusion errors. The findings are interpreted in terms of a separate post-perceptual visual S.T. M. system.
PKC-dependent regulation of transepithelial resistance : roles of MLC and MLC kinase

Turner, J. R. , J. M. Angle, E. D. Black, J. L. Joyal, D. B. Sacks, and J. L. Madara. PKC-dependent regulation of transepithelial resistance: roles of MLC and MLC kinase. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Cell Physiol. 46): C554–C562, 1999. — The mechanisms by which protein kinase C (PKC) activation results in increased transepithelial resistance (TER) are unknown [G. Hecht, B. Robinson, and A. Koutsouris. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 29): G214–G221, 1994]. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC) is associated with decreases in TER and have suggested that contraction of the perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) increases tight junction (TJ) permeability [J. R. Turner, B. K. Rill, S. L. Carlson, D. Carnes, R. Kerner, R. J. Mrsny, and J. L. Madara. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Cell Physiol. 42): C1378–C1385, 1997]. We therefore hypothesized that PKC activation alters TER via relaxation of the PAMR. Activation of PKC by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a progressive dose-dependent increase in TER that was apparent within 15 min (111% of controls) and maximal within 2 h (142% of controls). Similar increases were induced by a diacylglycerol analog, and the effects of both PMA and the diacylglycerol analog were prevented by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I. PMA treatment caused progressive decreases in MLC phosphorylation, by 12% at 15 min and 41% at 2 h. Phosphorylation of MLC kinase (MLCK) increased by 64% within 15 min of PMA treatment and was stable over 2 h (51% greater than that of controls). Thus increases in MLCK phosphorylation preceded decreases in MLC phosphorylation. These data suggest that PKC regulates TER via decreased phosphorylation of MLC, possibly due to inhibitory phosphorylation of MLCK. The decreased phosphorylation of MLC likely reduces PAMR tension, leading to decreased TJ permeability.
An Empirical Examination of Firm, Industry, and Temporal Effects on Corporate Social Performance

Research examining firm and industry effects on performance has primarily focused on the financial aspects of firm performance. Corporate social performance (CSP) is a major aspect of firm performance that has been under-examined empirically in the literature to date. Adding to the fundamental debate regarding firm versus industry effects on performance, this study uses data drawn from the Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini Co. (KLD) database to examine the degree to which CSP is related to firm, industry, and temporal factors. The results of these analyses suggest that CSP tends to change in a linear manner over time; however, the slope of this line varies across firms and industries. These findings are supported by several robustness checks accounting for autocorrelation, alternative measures of industry, different samples commonly used when using KLD data to measure CSP, and alternative measures of CSP when using the KLD database. The authors also directly compare firm, industry, and temporal effects between CSP and financial performance.
Structural adjustment and the environment

The economic and social effects of structural adjustment attracted considerable attention in the 1980s. In the 1990s, attention has shifted to the environmental effects, in spite of formidable methodological problems. Recent studies show that good macroeconomic management is a necessary but not sufficient condition for environmental protection. The performance of SAPS could be improved in all three areas-economic, social and environmental-through greater attention to market failures, institutional factors and other non-price measures.
Risk diversification: a study of persistence with a filtered correlation-network approach

The evolution with time of the correlation structure of equity returns is studied by means of a filtered network approach investigating persistences and recurrences and their implications for risk diversification strategies. We build dynamically Planar Maximally Filtered Graphs from the correlation structure over a rolling window and we study the persistence of the associated Directed Bubble Hierarchical Tree (DBHT) clustering structure. We observe that the DBHT clustering structure is quite stable during the early 2000' becoming gradually less persistent before the unfolding of the 2007-2008 crisis. The correlation structure eventually recovers persistence in the aftermath of the crisis settling up a new phase, distinct from the pre-cysts structure, where the market structure is less related to industrial sector activity. Notably, we observe that - presently - the correlation structure is loosing again persistence indicating the building-up of another, different, phase. Such dynamical changes in persistence and their occurrence at the unfolding of financial crises rises concerns about the effectiveness of correlation-based portfolio management tools for risk diversification.
Intelligibility in spoken ELF

1. IntroductionA crucial issue that often arises in research into English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) speech is how intelligible it is. There is a misguided belief among some people that ELF speech may be less intelligible internationally than that of native-speakers; but there is actually little evidence to support this assertion. Furthermore, we need to know not just how intelligible it is, but also which features of pronunciation interfere with intelligibility and which have little or no impact. Research we are conducting at the University of Brunei Darussalam (UBD) is exploring this issue.A little over a decade ago, Jenkins (2000) investigated the features of pro-nunciation that caused misunderstandings between speakers from different countries. On the basis of this research, she proposed a Lingua Franca Core (LFC) of those features of pronunciation that are important for international intelligibility, and she suggested that, for ELF, it is not necessary to teach other features of pronunciation, though of course some learners might choose to adopt native speech patterns more closely.This work was rather controversial, as many people were startled at the suggestion that there is no need to encourage learners of English to imitate all features of the pronunciation of native speakers as closely as possible, and indeed her ideas continue to be hotly debated and widely misunderstood (Jen-kins, 2009). Nevertheless, some of the suggestions have now been accepted (e.g. Kirkpatrick, 2007), some materials have been developed for ELF-based teaching (Walker, 2010), and the impact for pronunciation teaching in places such as China has been explored (Deterding, 2011). However, we still need far more data on patterns of interactions between ELF speakers in order to determine which features of pronunciation are crucial for intelligibility and which are less important. This paper briefly describes research at UBD that is investigating data in this area.
Haematological Disturbances in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever - Its Pathogenesis and Management Perspectives

Haemorrhage is common to both dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Thrombocytopaenia is exceedingly common, while prolonged partial thromboplastin time and reduced fibrinogen concentration are the other abnormal haemostatic indices evident from early in the disease course. These haematological abnormalities correlate better with the timing and severity of plasma leakage rather than the clinical haemorrhagic manifestations. Blood products including prophylactic platelet transfusions are hardly required in the management of DHF. Judicious fluid therapy is the most effective intervention to prevent complications and bleeding in DHF. Concealed haemorrhage is an important complication requiring early recognition and blood transfusions to improve outcomes. Understanding the pathogenesis of coagulopathy and the significance of altered haemostatic indices, and its co-relation to disease severity and phase of DHF, is essential for appropriate interventions particularly when DHF co-exists in patients on mandatory anticoagulation for prosthetic heart valves and atrial fibrillation. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-14-381 Corresponding author: Kolitha H. Sellahewa Dr Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital, Millenium Drive, Malabe, Sri lanka email: kolithah@gmail.com mobile: + 94 0718433213
Building ambidexterity: The role of human resource practices in the performance of firms from Spain

Both researchers and managers are increasingly interested in how firms can pursue ambidextrous learning—that is, simultaneously exploring new knowledge domains while exploiting current ones. In this study, we attempt to bring human resource management into this forum by introducing and testing how high-involvement human resource practices shape the social climate that affects the firm's ambidextrous learning and subsequent performance. A field study of 198 companies from Spain showed that high-involvement human resource practices were positively related to the social climate that, in turn, facilitates ambidextrous learning and improved performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When children die: a seminar series for pediatric residents.

OBJECTIVE Our goals were to assist residents in acquiring skills needed to care for children at the end of life and to increase their comfort level regarding critical aspects of caring for dying children. METHODS We designed and implemented a 6-part seminar series for pediatric residents in their postgraduate year-2 at the University of Arizona Pediatric Residency Program. The series consisted of small group sessions regarding medical and legal issues facing physicians at the time of a pediatric patient's death, symptom management in dying children, approaches to limitation of care and discussion of impending death of a child, cultural and developmental factors impacting on the care of children at the end of life, parent and sibling bereavement after the death of a child, and physician's personal responses to the death of pediatric patients. The sessions were conducted on weekday evenings away from patient care settings and included input from community-based individuals as well as academic pediatric subspecialists. To promote active discussion, size was limited to 12 participants. Pretests and posttests were used to evaluate the success of this program. Residents' level of comfort with important issues in end-of-life care was measured using a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Although most of the residents taking part in the seminar series had previously participated in discussions of limitation of care of a child and/or had performed advanced life support measures on a child, few had any previous training in end-of-life care. Responses of the 8 participants who completed both the pretests and posttests were evaluated for assessment of changes in comfort level in areas pertinent to end-of-life care. We found that on completion of this program, residents were significantly more comfortable with logistic issues and symptom management, discussing death and limitation of medical care with families, discussing end-of-life care with colleagues and families, handling conflicts within the health care team, working with families of varying ethnic backgrounds, guiding developmentally appropriate discussions of death, identifying and seeking out advice from a role model regarding end-of-life care, and coping with their own responses to a child's death. Costs of this seminar series were minimal. CONCLUSIONS An inexpensive, discussion-based seminar series successfully provided pediatric residents with basic information regarding end-of-life care and significantly increased their confidence as clinicians caring for seriously ill and dying children.
Apoptosis in gestational trophoblastic disease is correlated with clinical outcome and Bcl-2 expression but not Bax expression.

Apoptosis has been found to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of many human diseases. The pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which encompasses hydatidiform moles (HMs) and choriocarcinomas (CCAs), is not fully understood. Prognostic indicators of HM have also been scanty. In this study, we investigated apoptotic activity and the expression of two apoptosis regulatory genes, Bcl-2 and Bax, in an attempt to determine the role of apoptosis in GTD. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of 33 normal placentas, 14 spontaneous abortions, 14 partial moles, 34 complete moles, and eight CCAs were examined. Apoptotic activity was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Quantitative assessment of apoptotic index (AI) was calculated as a percentage of TUNEL-positive nuclei. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed immunohistochemically. Extensive apoptosis was located in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, and villous stromal cells in all HM cases. Apoptosis was detected at a much lower level in spontaneous abortions and normal placentas. Moreover, in normal placentas, TUNEL positive nuclei were exclusively found in syncytiotrophoblasts. AIs were significantly different among various categories of trophoblastic lesions (P < .001) in an ascending order: normal placentas less than spontaneous abortions less than CCAs less than HMs. Furthermore, AIs of those cases that spontaneously regressed was statistically higher than those that developed persistent trophoblastic disease requiring chemotherapy. AIs of trophoblastic lesions in general inversely correlated with Bcl-2 expression (P < .001), but no significant correlation was found between AI and Bax expression (P > .5). We conclude that AI may be a useful prognostic marker for clinical progress of HMs. Bcl-2 expression is probably regulating apoptosis in normal placentas and GTD, whereas Bax expression is not. The difference in AI and Bcl-2 expression between non-molar placentas and HMs offers a potential adjunctive diagnostic tool to distinguish the two entities.
Expert valuation witnesses in Australia and the UK

This paper compares the previously published findings of two separate research projects examining the role of the expert witness in valuation disputes in Australia and the UK. In particular, it examines the performance, organization and training of expert valuation witnesses in the context of valuation variation. The research found that Australian practitioners were less aware than their UK counterparts of their duties when acting as an expert witness. It also found that the use of expert witnesses was similar in both countries, with the one expert for each party dominating the system. Australian experts appeared to have less training and guidance opportunities but their attitude to being required to train was more positive than in the UK. Expert witnesses in both countries fit their evidence to their clients' case, and advocate for clients, in spite of being very well aware that their responsibility is to the court rather than to their particular clients. Given this awareness, it seems unlikely that their practices will change significantly with improved training. The research also has implications for other international jurisdictions where single experts are used to determine valuation cases.
Commonality in Liquidity: Evidence from an Order-Driven Market Structure

Events such as the 1997 East Asian financial crisis indicate that individual firm liquidity is strongly influenced by marketwide factors. Previous market microstructure research, however, focuses almost exclusively on the firm-specific attributes of liquidity. Our study follows the recent shift in emphasis toward commonality by examining systematic liquidity in an order-driven market structure. Using data from the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, we show that commonality in liquidity includes both market and industry components, and is pervasive across size-sorted portfolios. We also find a significant market and industry component in individual firms' order flow. In contrast to quote-driven results, we do not find a positive relation between firm size and sensitivity to changes in marketwide bid-ask spreads.
Street Scenes: Practices of Public and Private Space in Urban Vietnam

This paper contributes an initial venture into thinking about the uses of the terms 'public' and `private' space in the context of Vietnamese urban life. It is argued that these terms, while they are critiqued and debated in Western academia, still retain substantial descriptive power at an everyday level. In non-Western societies, however, these terms may be more difficult to apply and the paper provides an empirical section which argues that the boundaries between public and private spaces are fluid and routinely transgressed, as in Western societies, but for reasons and in ways which are distinctive to the Vietnamese situation. The paper concludes by noting that Vietnam is experiencing both a divergence from the Anglo-American urban experience, in that Vietnam displays a resurgence rather than a death of streetlife and a convergence with it in the construction of 'pseudo-public' leisure spaces. Local specificities must therefore be acknowledged when using these otherwise useful Western terms in non-Western contexts.
Taxes in a Life Cycle Growth Model with Bequests and Inheritances

In a recent paper, Lawrence Summers (1981) analyzes alternative taxes in a life cycle growth model. This paper extends his analysis to include bequests and inheritances. This inclusion is worth undertaking for several reasons. First, several recent empirical studies have suggested that bequests may account for an important share of the capital stock (Laurence Kotlikoff and Summers, 1981). Second, it is important to explore whether the comparison of taxes is significantly affected when a bequest motive is introduced. Third, the treatment of bequests under a consumption tax is controversial. The "endowment rationale" calls for treating a bequest as taxable consumption by the deceased (Peter Mieszkowski, 1980); the "real wage rationale" calls for exempting bequests if such exemption raises the steady-state capital intensity and real wage (my 1980 article). This paper confines itself to positive analysis of steady states. Transition paths, and normative implications, are explored elsewhere (see my 1982 paper).
Change in Copyright Law as a Market Intervention to Realize the Welfare Potential of Text Mining in Scientific Research

With text mining technologies advancing it becomes easier to analyse and search through an ever-growing amount of literature and to semantically integrate literary works within large corpora of literature as well as with the emerging global web of linked data. It becomes possible to use and reuse literary works in more efficient and productive ways. With these new conditions and possibilities the existing justification of copyright law is questioned and a reassessment of the law’s efficiency is required. Copyright law is justified by the economic rationale of a dynamic incentive for production of knowledge by means of temporary property rights and monopoly rents for rights holders. The objective of this paper is to examine the current welfare economics-based justification of copyright law with regard to text mining technology uses in scientific research. The paper proposes possible changes to copyright law to address the conflict between the current copyright law and the opportunity of increased productivity. The paper combines micro-economic argumentation of the “Economic analysis of law” with growth theory and seeks to illustrate a public welfare analysis for the specific constellation of literary works information goods markets, researchers and research organisations as productive users of works and research text mining services. After introducing public welfare analysis and its application to questions of market failure and information externalities the paper describes the technical possibilities, benefits and conditions of text mining as well as relevant market players. The economics of copyright law are explained and how copyright currently applies to text mining uses. The economic methodology is then applied to the legal situation and the possibilities to realize the potential of text mining in scientific research. The paper also takes copyright’s competition objective and the coupling/tying of literary works markets and text mining services into account, considers network externalities and international trade and it draws analogies to other markets with similar challenges. The findings of the paper are presented mainly for national-level public welfare analysis, but can be applied to regional level. Applied to the economic region of the European Union (EU) the conclusion of this article is: A mandatory copyright limitation exempting all research/scientific-purpose text mining uses including uses with commercial purpose from copyright, combined with the requirements that anti-circumvention law and contract law must not prevent executing such a limitation and that “legal access” defined as technical access to literary works is a sufficient condition to exercise this limitation, should be implemented in EU copyright law, because this is the best way to maximise the public welfare in the EU. ----------- NB: A public consultation on the review of the EU copyright law also addressing text mining is currently underway (extended deadline for submissions: 5 March 2014).
Patient attitudes toward retention and perceptions of treatment success.

OBJECTIVE To discern patients' opinions regarding responsibility for orthodontic retention and to determine whether patient attitudes toward retention are related to perceptions of treatment success. MATERIALS AND METHODS Questionnaires regarding orthodontic retention were distributed to first-year undergraduate college students (n = 158), first-year dental students (n = 183), and retention patients at orthodontic offices (n = 214). Items included treatment satisfaction, perceived responsibility for retention, type of retainer prescribed, reasons for discontinuing use of retainers, and relapse experienced. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-eight of 555 participants indicated that they had received orthodontic treatment. Most indicated they were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with their teeth, both at the end of treatment (96%) and currently (84%). There was a strong relationship between the perception of stability of tooth position and current satisfaction level (P < .0001). Most individuals (88%) indicated that they themselves were responsible for maintaining the alignment and fit of their teeth. Those who indicated that someone else was responsible were nearly twice as likely to be dissatisfied with their teeth (P = .0496). Patients who had been prescribed clear, invisible retainers were significantly more likely to be "very satisfied" currently (50%) compared to those with Hawley (35%) or permanently bonded (36%) retainers (P = .0002). Patients with Hawley retainers were significantly less likely to be wearing them currently as prescribed (45%) than those with invisible (65%) or bonded (68%) retainers (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction with orthodontic results after treatment is related to patient perceptions of responsibility for retention and perceived stability of tooth position. Patients should play a contributory role in formulating orthodontic retention plans.