Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assembly of the Auditory Circuitry by a Hox Genetic Network in the Mouse Brainstem

Rhombomeres (r) contribute to brainstem auditory nuclei during development. Hox genes are determinants of rhombomere-derived fate and neuronal connectivity. Little is known about the contribution of individual rhombomeres and their associated Hox codes to auditory sensorimotor circuitry. Here, we show that r4 contributes to functionally linked sensory and motor components, including the ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus, posterior ventral cochlear nuclei (VCN), and motor olivocochlear neurons. Assembly of the r4-derived auditory components is involved in sound perception and depends on regulatory interactions between Hoxb1 and Hoxb2. Indeed, in Hoxb1 and Hoxb2 mutant mice the transmission of low-level auditory stimuli is lost, resulting in hearing impairments. On the other hand, Hoxa2 regulates the Rig1 axon guidance receptor and controls contralateral projections from the anterior VCN to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, a circuit involved in sound localization. Thus, individual rhombomeres and their associated Hox codes control the assembly of distinct functionally segregated sub-circuits in the developing auditory brainstem.
Just Out of Reach: An Ethnographic Theory of Magic and Rationalisation

Perceived in their ideal forms, rationalisation and magic might seem to oppose one another. In this paper, however, rather than placing these forces in sterile opposition, we instead explore the social and relational dynamics through which rationalisation-the dominant epistemological force of modernity-in certain cases provides the conditions of doubt, opacity, and unknowability that makes magical thinking manifest in the everyday mundane. We explore such theoretical suggestions through ethnographic research conducted in Orkney and Cyprus. By examining connections between rationalisation and magic as these historically unfolded in these two different island settings, we initially provide a depiction of how the project of rationalisation led to the decline of magic in our two fieldsites. Then, focusing on everyday manifestations of magical thinking, we nevertheless proceed to showcase how rationalisation and magic appear to sustain one other through an unresolved, generative tenson, emergent of the incapacity of the former to fully sublate the latter in its requirement to "know" the world. The trajectory of rationalisation means that there is nothing unknowable in the world, and yet, from the position of any given person, there is no knowable whole. It remains out of reach. We conclude by discussing how the tensions inherent in the relation between rationalisation and magic allow for further theorising about the dimension of unknowing that permeates contemporary public epistemologies and subjectivities.
Updating procedures for iterative learning control in Hilbert space

The research results presented are extensions of Avrachenkov's previous work (1998) on iterative learning control using projection-based update techniques. These updates were mainly developed for quasi-Newton optimization and also for solving systems of simultaneous equations. Such updates have been used by the authors to estimate the dynamics of a control system which is asked to perform a periodic task using a discrete formulation. In addition, preliminary extensions of these updating techniques to continuous systems through formulation in Hilbert space are proposed. This paper provides a formulation of the iterative learning control problem in Hilbert space with a convergence proof of the proposed solution based on Broyden's update.
The effect of task difficulty on decision-making

The aim was to determine whether there are differences between groups in jumping to conclusions and the number of beads required to make a decision based on task difficulty. An assessment was made of 19 patients with non-affective psychosis, 19 with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and 19 healthy controls. The Beads Task scale was used in its two versions. Patients with non-affective psychosis jumped to conclusions. There was significant interaction between group and task difficulty. Increased difficulty of the task did not affect the number of beads patients with non-affective psychosis or OCD needed to make their decision. However, healthy controls needed to see more beads before they could make a decision in the hard test than in the easy one. Patients with non-affective psychosis jump to conclusions, but neither this group nor the OCD patients benefit from the changes in task difficulty when making their decisions.
Music Analysis as a Smallest Grammar Problem

In this paper we present a novel approach to music analysis, in which a grammar is automatically generated explaining a musical work’s structure. The proposed method is predicated on the hypothesis that the shortest possible grammar provides a model of the musical structure which is a good representation of the composer’s intent. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by comparison of the results with previously-published expert analysis; our automated approach produces results comparable to human annotation. We also illustrate the power of our approach by showing that it is able to locate errors in scores, such as introduced by OMR or human transcription. Further, our approach provides a novel mechanism for intuitive high-level editing and creative transformation of music. A wide range of other possible applications exists, including automatic summarization and simpliﬁcation; estimation of musical complexity and similarity, and plagiarism detection.
Is the HEXACO the new black? An examination of the predictive validity of NEO-PI-3 and the HEXACO-PI-R to determine if the six factor model of personality provides the most parsimonious assessment of an individual’s employment suitability

University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong.
Corneal Higher Order Aberrations in Granular, Lattice and Macular Corneal Dystrophies

Purpose To evaluate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in granular, lattice and macular corneal dystrophies. Methods This retrospective study includes consecutive patients who were diagnosed as granular corneal dystrophy type2 (GCD2; 121 eyes), lattice corneal dystrophies type 1, type 3A (LCDI; 20 eyes, LCDIIIA; 32 eyes) and macular corneal dystrophies (MCD; 13 eyes), and 18 healthy control eyes. Corneal HOAs were calculated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and the correlations between HOAs and visual acuity were analyzed. Results HOAs of the total cornea within 4 mm diameter were significantly larger in GCD2 (0.17 ± 0.35 μm), in LCDI (0.33 ± 0.27), LCDIIIA (0.61 ± 1.56) and in MCD (0.23 ± 0.18), compared with healthy controls (0.09 ± 0.02μm, all P < 0.01). HOAs of the total cornea within 6 mm diameter were significantly larger in GCD2 (0.32 ± 0.48), in LCDI (0.60 ± 0.46), LCDIIIA (0.83 ± 2.29) and in MCD (0.44 ± 0.24), compared with healthy controls (0.19 ± 0.06, all P < 0.001). In GCD2, there was no significant correlation between logMAR and HOAs (r = 0.113, P = 0.227). In MCD, LCDI and LCDIIIA, logMAR was positively significantly correlated with HOAs (r = 0.620 and P = 0.028, r = 0.587 and P = 0.007, r = 0.614 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Increased HOAs occur in eyes with corneal dystrophies, especially in eye with LCD and MCD. Larger amount corneal HOAs are associated with poorer visual acuity in patients with LCD and MCD.
Cultura y administración de Recursos Humanos en América Latina.

Las relaciones sociales y el respeto por la autoridad son caracteristicas del modelo de administracion latinoamericana. Estas caracteristicas estan basadas en valores del trabajo que forman un marco cultural apropiado para entender como las organizaciones latinoamericanas administran sus recursos humanos. Este articulo explora el desarrollo de la Administracion de Recursos Humanos de acuerdo a este marco cultural enfocandose en las practicas de reclutamiento, seleccion y promocion, entrenamiento y desarrollo, recompensas y reconocimientos, sistemas de trabajo, comunicacion y relaciones laborales, y su relacion con el desempeno organizacional en America Latina.
Determinants of entrepreneurs’ bankruptcy in Poland – systematics and comparative analysis of the opinion of management and trustees

The bankruptcy of an individual is a standard situation in a free market economy. The aim of this study is to present the reasons for the bankruptcy of entrepreneurs in Poland, in the light of literature research and the authors' own research. These studies were carried out in two ways – the first stage concerned the analysis of court files of entrepreneurs who filed for bankruptcy. The second element of the research included conducting surveys among entrepreneurs and trustees. In total, 331 surveys were collected among entrepreneurs and 87 from syndicates. The results of the surveys presented in the article focus on the analysis of the reasons for the bankruptcy of entrepreneurs in Poland in the opinions of trustees and management. Conducted research in the field of comparative analyses (syndics, management) is the essence of the study, where the determinants of the bankruptcy of entrepreneurs from various points of view have been diagnosed.
Mental health and recovery : experiences of peer support workers employed in mental health services

Rationale: The employment of peer support workers (PSWs) is intended to encourage a greater recovery orientation within mental health services. However, it is important that this does not occur to the detriment of the workers themselves. If the role of the PSW is to change the culture of services and demonstrate recovery, it is important that the role itself is beneficial to recovery. Finding out from the workers themselves how their own recovery is influenced is necessary. Aim: Within the UK there is a paucity of research into the recovery experiences of PSWs. This study intends to add to the UK research base and to develop an in-depth understanding of how the role influences the PSWs’ own recovery. Method: Six PSWs participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out which asked participants about their experiences of their role and how it had influenced their own recovery and their views about recovery. Interviews were then transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: Three superordinate themes emerged from the study: 1) Early recovery pre PSW role, 2) Adjusting to the PSW role and 3) PSW role and recovery. It was identified that the peer support role helps to facilitate PSWs’ recovery. However, potential difficulties were highlighted within the role which may be detrimental to the PSWs’ recovery. These included other staff being uncertain and worried about the role and the workers within them, boundary dilemmas, tensions between the peer support and service values, and the potential for PSWs to become over-involved with service users. These findings are discussed in relation to existing literature and recommendations are offered.
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: Evidence for Partial Response to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Treatment

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with onset from infancy to adulthood that are manifested by blindness, seizures, and dementia. In NCL, lysosomes accumulate autofluorescent proteolipid in the brain and other tissues. The mnd/mnd mutant mouse was first characterized as exhibiting adult-onset upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, but closer examination revealed early, widespread pathology similar to that seen in NCL. We used the autofluorescent properties of accumulated storage material to map which CNS neuronal populations in themnd/mnd mouse show NCL-like pathological changes. Pronounced, early accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment was found in subpopulations of GABAergic neurons, including interneurons in the cortex and hippocampus. Staining for phenotypic markers normally present in these neurons revealed progressive loss of staining in the cortex and hippocampus of mnd/mnd mice, with pronounced hypertrophy of remaining detectable interneurons. In contrast, even in aged mutant mice, many hippocampal interneurons retained staining for glutamic acid decarboxylase. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 partially restored interneuronal number and reduced hypertrophy in some subregions. These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of interneurons in a mouse model of NCL. Moreover, our findings suggest that at least some populations of these neurons persist in a growth factor-responsive state.
Observation of family functioning at mealtime: a comparison between families of children with and without overweight.

OBJECTIVE To examine differences between families of children with and without overweight on parental control and support. METHODS Twenty-eight families with an overweight child and a control group of 28 families with a normal weight child (age range 7-13 years) participated in the study. Observations and self-reports of mealtime family functioning were administered and analyzed. RESULTS Parents of children with overweight reported to exert more control on their children's feeding behavior and an equal amount of parental support in comparison with parents of children without overweight. However, observations at mealtime indicated that in families with an overweight child, maladaptive control strategies were twice as prevalent, and less parental support was displayed. CONCLUSIONS Self-reports and observations provide complementary information on how parents interact with their overweight children. Family-based treatment programs should include discussions on the adequate amount of parental control and support.
PBW-deformation theory and regular central extensions

Abstract A deformation U, of a graded K-algebra A is said to be of PBW type if gr U is A. It has been shown for Koszul and N-Koszul algebras that the deformation is PBW if and only if the relations of U satisfy a Jacobi type condition. In particular, for these algebras the determination of the PBW property is a finite and explicitly determined linear algebra problem. We extend these results to an arbitrary graded K-algebra, using the notion of central extensions of algebras and a homological constant attached to A which we call the complexity of A.
Probing the haze in the atmosphere of HD 189733b with HST/WFC3 transmission spectroscopy

We present Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of the transiting exoplanet HD 189733b, using Wide Field Camera 3. This consists of time-series spectra of two transits, used to measure the wavelength dependence of the planetary radius. These observations aim to test whether the Rayleigh scattering haze detected at optical wavelengths extends into the near-infrared, or if it becomes transparent leaving molecular features to dominate the transmission spectrum. Due to saturation and non-linearity affecting the brightest (central) pixels of the spectrum, light curves were extracted from the blue and red ends of the spectra only, corresponding to wavelength ranges of 1.099-1.168 um and 1.521-1.693 um, respectively, for the first visit, and 1.082-1.128 um and 1.514-1.671 um for the second. The light curves were fitted using a Gaussian process model to account for instrumental systematics whilst simultaneously fitting for the transit parameters. This gives values of the planet-to-star radius ratio for the blue and red light curves of 0.15650\pm0.00048 and 0.15634\pm0.00032, respectively, for visit one and 0.15716\pm0.00078 and 0.15630\pm0.00037 for visit 2 (using a quadratic limb darkening law). The planet-to-star radius ratios measured in both visits are consistent, and we see no evidence for the drop in absorption expected if the haze that is observed in the optical becomes transparent in the infrared. This tentatively suggests that the haze dominates the transmission spectrum of HD 189733b into near-infrared wavelengths, although more robust observations are required to provide conclusive evidence.
Flexibility in embodied lexical‐semantic representations

According to an embodied view of language comprehension, language concepts are grounded in our perceptual systems. Evidence for the idea that concepts are grounded in areas involved in action and perception comes from both behavioral and neuroimaging studies (Glenberg [1997]: Behav Brain Sci 20:1‐55; Barsalou [1999]: Behav Brain Sci 22:577‐660; Pulvermueller [1999]: Behav Brain Sci 22:253‐336; Barsalou et al. [2003]: Trends Cogn Sci 7:84‐91). However, the results from several studies indicate that the activation of information in perception and action areas is not a purely automatic process (Raposo et al. [2009]: Neuropsychologia 47:388‐396; Rueschemeyer et al. [2007]: J Cogn Neurosci 19:855‐865). These findings suggest that embodied representations are flexible. In these studies, flexibility is characterized by the relative presence or absence of activation in our perceptual systems. However, even if the context in which a word is presented does not undermine a motor interpretation, it is possible that the degree to which a modality‐specific region contributes to a representation depends on the context in which conceptual features are retrieved. In the present study, we investigated this issue by presenting word stimuli for which both motor and visual properties (e.g., Tennis ball, Boxing glove) were important in constituting the concept. Conform with the idea that language representations are flexible and context dependent, we demonstrate that the degree to which a modality‐specific region contributes to a representation considerably changes as a function of context. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2322–2333, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sodium vacancy ordering and the co-existence of localized spins and itinerant charges in NaxCoO2

The sodium cobaltate family (NaxCoO2) is unique among transition metal oxides because the Co sits on a triangular lattice and its valence can be tuned over a wide range by varying the Na concentration x. Up to now detailed modeling of the rich phenomenology (which ranges from unconventional superconductivity to enhanced thermopower) has been hampered by the difficulty of controlling pure phases. We discovered that certain Na concentrations are specially stable and are associated with superlattice ordering of the Na clusters. This leads naturally to a picture of co-existence of localized spins and itinerant charge carriers. For x = 0.84 we found a remarkably small Fermi energy of 87 K. Our picture brings coherence to a variety of measurements ranging from optical to thermal transport. Our results also allow us to take the first step towards modeling the mysterious “Curie-Weiss” metal state at x = 0.71. We suggest the local moments may form a quantum spin liquid state and we propose experimental test of our hypothesis.
Invasion of Europe by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: multiple transatlantic introductions with various reductions of genetic diversity

The early stages of invasion involve demographic bottlenecks that may result in lower genetic variation in introduced populations as compared to source population/s. Low genetic variability may decrease the adaptive potential of such populations in their new environments. Previous population genetic studies of invasive species have reported varying levels of losses of genetic variability in comparisons of source and invasive populations. However, intraspecific comparisons are required to assess more thoroughly the repeatability of genetic consequences of colonization events. Descriptions of invasive species for which multiple introductions from a single source population have been demonstrated may be particularly informative. The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, native to North America and invasive in Europe, offers us an opportunity to analyse multiple introduction events within a single species. We investigated within‐ and between‐population variation at eight microsatellite markers in WCR in North America and Europe to investigate the routes by which WCR was introduced into Europe, and to assess the effect of introduction events on genetic variation. We detected five independent introduction events from the northern USA into Europe. The diversity loss following these introductions differed considerably between events, suggesting substantial variation in introduction, foundation and/or establishment conditions. Genetic variability at evolutionarily neutral loci does not seem to underlie the invasive success of WCR in Europe. We also showed that the introduction of WCR into Europe resulted in the redistribution of genetic variance from the intra‐ to the interpopulational level contrary to most examples of multiple introductions.
Prevalence and associated factors of sleeping pills use among students in a Malaysian university

Objective: This paper aimed to determine the prevalence of sleeping pills use among university students and its associated factors in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2010 among 200 students from Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia. The survey was conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire was developed based on the literature review. The students were chosen randomly using convenience sampling. Results: A total of 200 university students participated in this study. The prevalence of using sleeping pills among university students is 7.5%. The majority of the participants were Malay 146 (73.0%), from urban area 169 (84.5%), from medical and health sciences background 101 (50.5%). This study showed that there is a significant relationship between using sleeping pills and depression (p= 0.03). There is also a significant relationship between using sleeping pills and inducing sleep by reading (p=0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence of sleeping pills usage among university students is relatively high. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between using sleeping pills and depression.
The Effect of an Increase in Imports from China on Local Labor Markets in Japan

I analyze the effects of increased imports from China on Japanese prefecture-level labor markets from 1995 to 2007. This paper obtains evidence that the growth in imports from China positively affected manufacturing employment growth at the prefecture level in Japan. This gives contrast to the findings of Autor, Dorn and Hanson(2013, AER) for local labor markets in the United States. Furthermore, the estimations with decomposed types of the imported goods suggest that the positive effects of import growth from China are mainly caused by an increase in intermediate imports. As for the effect of import growth on average wage, the results suggest that the effect varies across the first-half and second-half of the sample period, and across intermediate and final goods.