Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Teachers’ Confidence and Competence for Finding Information on the Internet

[Abstract]: There is popular belief that current university students, who belong to the age group labelled as Generation Y or the Millennials, are more skilled than previous generations with computers by virtue of having grown up with them. Occasionally contrary voices suggest that, despite their obvious confidence with technology, the so-called digital natives are not necessarily more skilled. This study confirmed that first year university students report high levels of confidence in their ability to find information on the Internet but do not necessarily manifest matching levels of competence. If teacher graduates are to have the information literacy skills they need for their own lifelong learning and the capability to teach those skills in their own classrooms then changes to university information literacy teaching may be needed.
A review of K-wire related complications in the emergency management of paediatric upper extremity trauma.

INTRODUCTION Kirschner wires (K-wires) are immensely versatile in fracture fixation in the paediatric population. Complications associated with the K-wiring procedure vary from minor to a life-threatening. The aim of this study was to analyse the outcome of fracture fixation using K-wires in all types of upper-extremity fractures in children in order to assess the incidence and type of complication critically. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between September 1999 and September 2001, we retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 105 fractures in 103 paediatric trauma cases (below 12 years) treated with K-wires in a university teaching hospital. The case notes and radiographs were reviewed by an independent single assessor. All paediatric, acute, upper-extremity, displaced and unstable fractures were included. All elective procedures using K-wires were excluded. RESULTS We observed an overall 32.3% complication rate associated with the K-wiring procedure affecting 34 pins (24 patients). Wound-related complications included over-granulation in 13 cases, pin tract infection in 6 cases and hypersensitive scar in 1 case. Neurapraxia was found in 3 patients and axonotmesis in 1 patient. Wire loosening at the time of removal in 14 cases and retrograde wire migration in 4 cases were observed. There were 2 cases of penetrating tendonitis and 1 case of osteomyelitis. There was a higher complication rate in terms of wire loosening and pin tract infection when the K-wires: (i) were left outside the skin compared with those placed under the skin; (ii) stayed longer in the patients; and (iii) did not traverse both cortices. There were more complications in complex operations performed by senior surgeons (P = 0.056). The duration of K-wire stay, associated co-morbidity and anatomical location were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Complications are part of operative procedures; an important point to consider is what causes them in order to take preventative measures. We recommend that the risks and complications should be explained to parents during the consenting process to allay their anxiety, irrespective of the fact that most complications are minor and of short duration.
Sparse Kneser graphs are Hamiltonian

For integers k⩾1 and n⩾2k+1 , the Kneser graph K(n,k) is the graph whose vertices are the k ‐element subsets of {1,…,n} and whose edges connect pairs of subsets that are disjoint. The Kneser graphs of the form K(2k+1,k) are also known as the odd graphs. We settle an old problem due to Meredith, Lloyd, and Biggs from the 1970s, proving that for every k⩾3 , the odd graph K(2k+1,k) has a Hamilton cycle. This and a known conditional result due to Johnson imply that all Kneser graphs of the form K(2k+2a,k) with k⩾3 and a⩾0 have a Hamilton cycle. We also prove that K(2k+1,k) has at least 22k−6 distinct Hamilton cycles for k⩾6 . Our proofs are based on a reduction of the Hamiltonicity problem in the odd graph to the problem of finding a spanning tree in a suitably defined hypergraph on Dyck words.
Decreased eIF 3 e Expression Can Mediate Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through Activation of the TGF b Signaling Pathway

The eIF3e protein is a component of the multisubunit eIF3 complex, which is essential for cap-dependent translation initiation. Decreased eIF3e expression is often observed in breast and lung cancer and has been shown to induce epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast epithelial cells by an unknown mechanism. Here, we study the effect of decreased eIF3e expression in lung epithelial cells by creating stable clones of lung epithelial cells (A549) that express an eIF3etargeting shRNA. Our data indicate that decreased eIF3e expression in lung epithelial cells leads to EMT, as it does in breast epithelial cells. Importantly, we show that decreased eIF3e expression in both lung and breast epithelial cells leads to the overproduction of the TGFb cytokine and that inhibition of TGFb signaling can reverse eIF3e-regulated EMT in lung epithelial cells. In addition, we discovered that several mRNAs that encode important EMT regulators are translated by a capindependent mechanism when eIF3e levels are reduced. These findings indicate that EMT mediated by a decrease in eIF3e expression may be a general phenomenon in epithelial cells and that it requires activation and maintenance of the TGFb signaling pathway. Implications: These results indicate that inhibition of TGFb signaling could be an efficient way to prevent metastasis in patients with NSCLC that display reduced eIF3e expression. Mol Cancer Res; 13(10); 1–10. 2015 AACR.
Silent Expectations: Dynamic Causal Modeling of Cortical Prediction and Attention to Sounds That Weren't

There is increasing evidence that human perception is realized by a hierarchy of neural processes in which predictions sent backward from higher levels result in prediction errors that are fed forward from lower levels, to update the current model of the environment. Moreover, the precision of prediction errors is thought to be modulated by attention. Much of this evidence comes from paradigms in which a stimulus differs from that predicted by the recent history of other stimuli (generating a so-called “mismatch response”). There is less evidence from situations where a prediction is not fulfilled by any sensory input (an “omission” response). This situation arguably provides a more direct measure of “top-down” predictions in the absence of confounding “bottom-up” input. We applied Dynamic Causal Modeling of evoked electromagnetic responses recorded by EEG and MEG to an auditory paradigm in which we factorially crossed the presence versus absence of “bottom-up” stimuli with the presence versus absence of “top-down” attention. Model comparison revealed that both mismatch and omission responses were mediated by increased forward and backward connections, differing primarily in the driving input. In both responses, modeling results suggested that the presence of attention selectively modulated backward “prediction” connections. Our results provide new model-driven evidence of the pure top-down prediction signal posited in theories of hierarchical perception, and highlight the role of attentional precision in strengthening this prediction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human auditory perception is thought to be realized by a network of neurons that maintain a model of and predict future stimuli. Much of the evidence for this comes from experiments where a stimulus unexpectedly differs from previous ones, which generates a well-known “mismatch response. ” But what happens when a stimulus is unexpectedly omitted altogether? By measuring the brain's electromagnetic activity, we show that it also generates an “omission response” that is contingent on the presence of attention. We model these responses computationally, revealing that mismatch and omission responses only differ in the location of inputs into the same underlying neuronal network. In both cases, we show that attention selectively strengthens the brain's prediction of the future.
R&D and Exporting: A Comparison of British and Irish Firms

This paper investigates the two-way relationship between R&D and export activity. In particular, we concern ourselves with the question whether R&D stimulates exports and, perhaps more importantly, whether export activity leads to increasing innovative activity in terms of R&D (learning-by-exporting). We use two unique firm level databases for Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland and compare the results for these two countries. We find that previous exporting experience enhances the innovative capability of Irish firms. Conversely, no strong learning-by-exporting effects are found for British firms. Arguably part of the differences between Ireland and Britain are attributable to different, cross-country exporting patterns where Irish firms have a greater interface with OECD markets.
Correlates and predictors of cognitive complexity among counseling and social work students in graduate training programs

For this study, a web-based survey method was used as a means of collecting data to test a predictive model of education, supervised clinical experience (SCE), age, human services experience (HSE) and cognitive complexity. The theoretical framework for the study was Perry’s (1970; 1999) scheme of intellectual development. The sample consisted of 332 counseling and social work students in graduate training programs in four different regions of the United States. The instruments used in the study were a researcher-developed demographic questionnaire and the Learning Environment Preferences (LEP) instrument (Moore, 1987). The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that education and human services experience predicted a significant proportion of the variance in cognitive complexity. However, age and supervised clinical experience did not significantly predict any of the variance in cognitive complexity. Additional analyses were conducted to examine the effects of gender, ethnicity, programs, and earned degrees on a measure of cognitive complexity. Results of the Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) did not reveal significant gender, ethnicity, program differences; however, as expected there were differences in terms of previously earned
Adolescence, Affect and Health

Preface. Introduction. Part 1: Building a Theoretical Background 1. Adolescent Health Education and Research: Defining Terms 2. Ethical Issues in Adolescent Health Education 3. Theories and Models used in Adolescent Health Research and Education Part 2: Descriptive Studies: Letting the Subjects Speak 4. Letting the Subjects Speak. Part I: Taking Inventory 5. Letting the Subjects Speak. Part II: The Focus Group Interviews Part 3: Quantitative Studies: Formulating Theory and Understanding Adolescent Health 6. Co-author Rob J. Spruijt Worries and Health in Adolescence 7. Everyday Health and Risk Behaviours 8. Personal Incentives as Determinants of Adolescent Health Behaviour: The Meaning of Behaviour Part 4: Applied Research: Changing Adolescent Health-Related Behaviour 9. Co-author Rob J. Spruijt Effectiveness of an Adolescent Health Education Programme based on the Theory of the Meaning of Behaviour. Concluding Remarks. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
Intracellular organization of hippocampal neurons during the development of neuronal polarity

Summary In culture, hippocampal neurons initially establish several short, apparently identical processes; of these, only one acquires axonal characteristics. the remainder becoming dendrites. We examined the organization of cytoplasmic constituents that might influence which of the initial processes becomes the axon. The Golgi complex was visualized using either fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin or a specific antibody. Presumptive microtubule-organizing centers were identified by depolymerizing microtubules with nocodazole, then allowing them to repolymerize for brief periods. As judged by light microscopy, hippocampal neurons contained a single Golgi region and a single microtubule-organizing center, which were frequently localized together adjacent to a shallow indentation in the nucleus. In cells fixed shortly after the axons had emerged, there was no correlation between the position of the Golgi complex or the microtubule organizing center and the site of origin of the axon. Based on nuclear shape, the position of the Golgi complex and microtubule-organizing center could also be inferred in living cells. When axonal outgrowth was followed in individual cells by time-lapse microscopy, so that the location of the Golgi complex and microtubule-organizing center could be determined at the exact moment when the axon emerged, no correlation was apparent. Antibodies that recognize specific post-translational modifications of α-tubulin – acetylation and de-tyrosination – were used to assess the distribution of arrays of stable microtubules. Stable microtubules were present in all processes, both before and after the emergence of the axon. They were not confined to the axon. Thus the localization of these cellular constituents does not play a major role in determining which of the processes initially extended by hippocampal neurons becomes the definitive axon.
Facilitating police-probation/parole partnerships

Purpose – The current study examines the prevalence, perceived effectiveness, and potential antecedents (e.g. departmental culture) of law enforcement agencies in collaborating with probation and parole agencies. Specifically, the study reveals how the leaders (i.e. police chief, sheriff) in law enforcement view police-community corrections partnerships. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a state-wide survey of all sheriffs’ offices and a random sample of municipal police departments in Texas. Findings – Findings indicated information sharing and specialized enforcement partnerships were the most common partnership types, partnerships were more common with adult and juvenile probation than with adult parole, and partnerships remain predominantly informal. Finally, police chiefs/sheriffs in the departments with a culture supportive of offender reentry were more likely to support and engage in partnerships with adult/juvenile probation and adult parole agencies. Originality/value – Even .
The Role of Practicum and Intern Supervisees in Professional Identity Development

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Reactive or psychogenic psychoses: the scandinavian concept

The concept of reactive or psychogenic psychosis through most of the 20th century has been widely used in the Scandinavian countries for a major group of the so-called functional psychoses, separate from manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia. Psychogenic psychoses are etiologically defined as psychoses apparently caused by a mental trauma in predisposed individuals. The traumatic stress determines the content and the course of the psychotic reaction, which tend to remit in days to weeks. Since the introduction of ICD-10, the reactive psychoses have been reallocated under various diagnostic categories, mainly as acute and transient psychotic disorders with associated acute stress F23.x1, which, however, seems to be sparsely used.
Building Multicultural Awareness of Self and Others Through A Group Discussion Experience

The importance of teaching and learning about multicultural issues was explored. The author contends that along with the increasing need for multicultural awareness, there is an increasing need for experiential exercises to effectively gain this awareness. The literature was reviewed and shown to support the necessity for both of these important issues. The growing need for counselor training programs to incorporate experiential teaching methods as well as the traditional teaching methods was also explored. Potential risks to clients whose counselors are not multiculturally aware were elaborated upon. The limitations of traditional teaching methods for multicultural learning were discussed. The importance of combining traditional methods with experiential learning was explored. In particular, using a group format as a method for enhancing understanding and awareness was discussed. A study was run to measure the effectiveness of a group discussion experience on increasing the multicultural awareness of MBA students with a concentration in international business. Results were shown to support the effectiveness of the group format. Strengths, limitation, and recommendations for future research were also elaborated upon. Building Multicultural 4
Exemplary practices in field trips to natural environments

In light of the literature that deals with challenges of outdoor education, this paper presents exemplary practices in field trips to natural environments. We offer an analysis of 62 field trips of students in grades 4–8 (age 10–14), guided by professional guides or by teachers. In aiming at elucidating the qualities of exemplary fieldtrips, we analyze five examples of high quality field trips. Each of the five was exemplary in several aspects, but not necessarily in all. Data were collected though observations and interviews with teachers, guides and students. Interpretative analysis was used in addition to an analytic framework that we developed previously. In general, we stress that good collaboration between the guide and the teacher, who enact active learning and psychomotor activity, and make much use of the environment for student exploration and interaction, are the key to high quality outdoor learning experiences. We provide several examples to support this claim. Other aspects we highlight are a sense of freedom, time and opportunity to enjoy nature and the opportunities to have meaningful social interactions. In light of the prevalent critique toward current outdoor education practice, we suggest the research community learn from good practices. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 430–461, 2014
Kepercayaan Diri, Kematangan Emosi, Pola Asuh Orang Tua Demokratis dan Kenakalan Remaja

Abstract, The aims of this study is to investigate the correlations among the self-confidence, emotional maturity and the democratic-parenting with the youth delinquency. The subjects of this study were 46 students of class X of SMK Muhammadiyah,Malang. Based on the correlation and the regression analysis were obtained there were no correlation among the emotional maturity variable and the democratic parenting with the youth delinquency. Expectionally the self-confidence, there was significant and negative correlation with youth delinquency. The more self confidence, the less youth delinquency. Keywords: Self-confidence, emotional maturity, democratic parenting, youth delinquency.
Effect of pressure on the crystal structure of salicylaldoxime-I, and the structure of salicylaldoxime-II at 5.93 GPa.

The effect of pressure on the crystal structure of salicylaldoxime has been investigated. The ambient-pressure phase (salicylaldoxime-I) consists of pairs of molecules interacting through oximic OH.O hydrogen bonds; taken with phenolic OH.N intramolecular hydrogen bonds, these dimers form a pseudo-macrocycle bounded by an R4 4(10) motif. The dimers interact principally via pi.pi stacking contacts. Salicylaldoxime derivatives are used industrially as selective solvent extractants for copper; the selectivity reflects the compatibility of the metal ion with the pseudo-macrocycle cavity size. On increasing the pressure to 5.28 GPa the size of the cavity was found to decrease by an amount comparable to the difference in hole sizes in the structures of the Cu2+ salicylaldoximato complex and its Ni2+ equivalent. On increasing the pressure to 5.93 GPa a new polymorph, salicylaldoxime-II, was obtained in a single-crystal to single-crystal phase transition. PIXEL calculations show that the phase transition is driven in part by relief of intermolecular repulsions in the dimer-forming OH.O-bonded ring motif, and the ten-centre hydrogen-bonding ring motif of the phase I structure is replaced in phase II by a six-centre ring formed by oximic OH.N hydrogen bonds. The transition also relieves repulsions in the pi.pi stacking contacts. The intramolecular OH.N hydrogen bond of phase I is replaced in phase II by a intermolecular phenolic OH.O hydrogen bond, but the total interaction energy of the pairs of molecules connected by this new contact is very slightly repulsive because the electrostatic hydrogen-bond energy is cancelled by the repulsion term. The intra- to intermolecular hydrogen-bond conversion simply promotes efficient packing rather than contributing to the overall lattice energy.
Correlation between Academic Achievement and Self–esteem in Rehabilitation Students in Tehran University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation

Introduction: Identifying factors which lead to academic achievement and impede academic failure, is of special importance. Some studies suggest that there is a direct relationship between self-esteem and educa-tional achievement; however some experts doubt this direct relationship. This study was done to determine the correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem in rehabilitation students in Tehran Univer-sity of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation. Methods: This research was a correlational study in which all bachelor rehabilitation students studying in the fields of occupational therapy, physiotherapy, or speech therapy in Tehran University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation (n=88) were included. Students’ self-esteem was measured using Cooper Smith inventory containing 58 items and its relationship with students’ final scores was assessed. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between rehabilitation students’ self-esteem and their educational status (r= 0.36), but academic achievement had no relationship with the educational field, semester, gender, marital status, and living place. Conclusion: Students with higher self-esteem had a better educational status compared with those who had lower self-esteem. Thus, it may be possible to promote educational status by improving self-esteem through appropriate methods.