Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Happiness among the garbage: Differences in overall happiness among trash pickers in León (Nicaragua)

This article analyzes various aspects related to overall happiness expressed by 99 people who make their living in the dumps of León (Nicaragua) – a group that is difficult to access, heavily stigmatized, and living in extreme poverty. We interviewed all the people living from the garbage in the city of León using a heteroapplied structured interview. In order to gather information on overall happiness, we used an instrument that combined illustrations with explanations by the interviewers. The results show that people in León who make their living by collecting rubbish state that they are happy, have optimistic expectations regarding their future, and show a lack of any relationship between overall happiness and income. The respondents appear to obtain their main sources of happiness in areas of their lives other than the economic and labor spheres, and mainly from areas related to their social and leisure activities.
AP-1 Mediated Transcriptional Repression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 by Recruitment of Histone Deacetylase 1 in Response to Interferon β

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a 92 kDa zinc-dependant endopeptidase that degrades components of the extracellular matrix. Increased expression of MMP-9 is implicated in many pathological conditions including metastatic cancer, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. Although it has been widely noted that interferon-β (IFNβ) downregulates both the basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 expression at the transcriptional level, the molecular mechanism of this repression is poorly understood. In the present study we identify a novel mechanism for repression of MMP-9 transcription by IFNβ in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Using reporter assays with promoter deletion constructs we show that IFNβ’s inhibitory effects require a region of the promoter between −154 and −72, which contains an AP-1 binding site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies indicate that IFNβ increases histone deacetylase (HDAC)-1 recruitment to the MMP-9 promoter and reduces histone H3 acetylation, in addition to reduced NF-κB recruitment. ChIP analysis shows that IFNβ induced HDAC1 recruitment to the MMP-9 promoter and IFNβ mediated transcriptional repression is lost when the AP-1 binding site is inactivated by a point mutation. Altogether, our results establish that the repression of MMP-9 transcription in response to IFNβ occurs by the recruitment of HDAC1 via the proximal AP-1 binding site.
Computational Aspects of Abstract Argumentation

This work is in the context of formal argumentation, a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence. Probably the most popular formalism in argumentation is abstract argumentation as introduced by Dung [42]. So called abstract argumentation frameworks abstract from the actual content of arguments and represent them as abstract entities and further abstract from the reasons of conflicts between arguments and represent them as a binary relation. Hence abstract argumentation frameworks can be simply interpreted as directed graphs. On this abstract level one can study the conflicts between arguments and identify coherent sets of arguments. There is a plethora of approaches when a set of arguments should be considered to be coherent, each of these approaches is called a semantics for abstract argumentation. In every argumentation system, towards conclusions, at some point we have to identify coherent sets of arguments. Hence we identify this as an important computational issue which indeed can be studied on the abstract level. In this work we are doing a computational analysis of evaluating abstract argumentation frameworks with semantics proposed in the literature. The first part of this work is devoted to a classical complexity analysis of the associated reasoning problems, using methods from classical complexity theory. We complement existing results and it turns out that most problems are computationally intractable, i.e. NP-hard and in some cases even harder. In a second part we explore the range of tractable subclasses. We study tractable fragments, i.e. graph classes that allow for an efficient evaluation of the argumentation framework. We extend and complement existing results for acyclic, even-cycle free, symmetric and bipartite Argumentation Frameworks. Moreover we consider the graph parameters tree-width and cliquewidth to obtain Fixed-Parameter Tractability results. We call a problem fixed parameter tractable if it can be solved by an algorithm, with a run-time that may highly increase with the value of the parameter for a concrete instance but is polynomial in the size of the instance. Finally we consider the intertranslatability of different argumentation semantics. We consider a semantic σ to be translatable to a semantics σ′ if there is a (translation) function modifying frameworks such that semantics σ on the original framework is in certain correspondence to σ′ on the modified framework.
Job-Search Methods Among Non-Western Immigrants in the Netherlands

This article studies the role of human and social capital in the use of job-search methods of immigrants in the Netherlands. Making use of large-scale data designed to study the four largest immigrant groups in the Netherlands, we show that strong differences exist across national-origin groups. Furthermore, we find that when immigrants have more close contacts with Dutch, they make more frequent use of formal instead of informal methods. Finally, we see that immigrants who are higher educated and who are more proficient in the host-country language use formal methods more often than less-skilled immigrants.
Plasma population pharmacokinetics and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid of indinavir in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1-infected patients

ObjectivesTo evaluate plasma population pharmacokinetics and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by indinavir (IDV) in HIV-infected individuals receiving IDV, zidovudine and lamivudine. MethodsPlasma population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on 805 IDV plasma values from 171 patients, using a non-linear mixed-effects modeling approach. CSF data from 19 patients were analyzed using an individual approach. ResultsMean individual Bayesian estimates for oral clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) by the final model that incorporated interoccasion variability were 0.75 l/h per kg [coefficient of variation (CV) 54.8%] and 1.74 l/kg (CV 82.7%), respectively. Mean model-predicted plasma IDV level at 8 h, maximal level, area under the plasma level–time curve up to 8 h and plasma half-life were 0.42 μmol/l (CV 57.5%), 9.51 μmol/l (CV 47.3%), 29.56 μmol/l⋅h (CV 46.9%) and 1.50 h (CV 20.9%), respectively. The mean IDV CSF level was 0.11 μmol/l (CV 49.7%) and the mean CSF:plasma concentration ratio was 0.017. ConclusionsPopulation estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters of IDV and its CSF penetration were in excellent agreement with previously reported data from individual analyses. Intraindividual interoccasion variability of IDV pharmacokinetics was estimated to be of similar order of magnitude to its interindividual variability, which may affect response to long-term antiretroviral therapy involving IDV. CSF levels of IDV exceeded its in vitro 95% inhibitory concentration of HIV replication. Given that CSF is virtually free of protein, viral suppression in the central nervous system should be achievable with an IDV-containing regimen.
Implicit but Stable : Mental Imagery Changes Explicit but not Implicit Anxiety

This study investigates the malleability of explicit and implicit anxiety through mental imagery. Sixty adults imagined themselves in an anxious, calm, or neutral situation. Thereafter, explicit state and trait anxiety were assessed with self-reports, and implicit anxiety was assessed with a variant of the Implicit Association Test. The results indicate that imagery manipulation changed state anxiety in the expected direction. Explicit trait anxiety and implicit anxiety, however, were found to be stable. These findings suggest that the implicit self-concept of anxiety has trait-like characteristics and is as stable against a short-term voluntary mental control strategy as an established explicit measure of trait anxiety.
Motivation and studying in high school science

Three groups of high school science students (college-bound and non-college-bound freshmen, college-bound juniors and seniors) completed surveys measuring their beliefs in the utility of four kinds of study strategies, three types of motivational orientation to science (task orientation, ego orientation, and work avoidance), their reported ability, and attitude toward science. Results indicated that belief in the usefulness of strategies requiring deep processing of information was more strongly positively related to task orientation than to ego orientation in all groups. For the younger groups only, task orientation was positively related to belief in the utility of surface-level strategies (e.g., rote memorization of facts). Task orientation proved to be the best predictor of student beliefs in deep-processing strategies, above and beyond that explained by perceived ability and interest in science. The implications of these findings for the current and future goals of science educators are discussed.
Expression of c‐kit protooncogen in hepatitis B virus‐induced chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: has it a diagnostic role?

Aim: There are more than 350 million people worldwide chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), who are at high risk for the development of hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the conflicting results about c‐kit expression in HCC and the key role played by c‐kit in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) and other solid tumours, the aim of this study was to determine c‐kit expression in the course of hepatitis B infection.
Solution of a Three-Body Problem in Quantum Mechanics Using Sparse Linear Algebra on Parallel Computers

A complete description of two outgoing electrons following an ionizing collision between a single electron and an atom or molecule has long stood as one of the unsolved fundamental problems in quantum collision theory. In this paper we describe our use of distributed memory parallel computers to calculate a fully converged wave function describing the electron-impact ionization of hydrogen. Our approach hinges on a transformation of the Schrödinger equation that simplifies the boundary conditions but requires solving very ill-conditioned systems of a few million complex, sparse linear equations. We developed a two-level iterative algorithm that requires repeated solution of sets of a few hundred thousand linear equations. These are solved directly by LU-factorization using a specially tuned, distributed memory parallel version of the sparse LU-factorization library Super-LU. In smaller cases, where direct solution is technically possible, our iterative algorithm still gives significant savings in time and memory despite lower megaflop rates.
Assembly of live micro-organisms on microstructured PDMS stamps by convective/capillary deposition for AFM bio-experiments

Immobilization of live micro-organisms on solid substrates is an important prerequisite for atomic force microscopy (AFM) bio-experiments. The method employed must immobilize the cells firmly enough to enable them to withstand the lateral friction forces exerted by the tip during scanning but without denaturing the cell interface. In this work, a generic method for the assembly of living cells on specific areas of substrates is proposed. It consists in assembling the living cells within the patterns of microstructured, functionalized poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps using convective/capillary deposition. This versatile approach is validated by applying it to two systems of foremost importance in biotechnology and medicine: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal spores. We show that this method allows multiplexing AFM nanomechanical measurements by force spectroscopy on S. cerevisiae yeasts and high-resolution AFM imaging of germinated Aspergillus conidia in buffer medium. These two examples clearly demonstrate the immense potential of micro-organism assembly on functionalized, microstructured PDMS stamps by convective/capillary deposition for performing rigorous AFM bio-experiments on living cells.
Contraction and Intracellular Ca 2+ Handling in Isolated Skeletal Muscle of Rats With Congestive Heart Failure

Abstract— Adecreased exercise tolerance is a common symptom in patients with congestiveheart failure (CHF). This decrease has been suggested to be partly due toaltered skeletal muscle function. Therefore, we have studied contractilefunction and cytoplasmic free Ca 2+ concentration([Ca 2+ ] i ,measured with the fluorescent dye indo 1) in isolated muscles from rats inwhich CHF was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. The resultsshow no major changes of the contractile function and[Ca 2+ ] i handling in unfatigued intact fast-twitch fibers isolated from flexordigitorum brevis muscles of CHF rats, but these fibers were markedly moresusceptible to damage during microdissection. Furthermore, CHF fibersdisplayed a marked increase of baseline[Ca 2+ ] i during fatigue. Isolated slow-twitch soleus muscles of CHF rats displayedslower twitch contraction and tetanic relaxation than did muscles fromsham-operated rats; the slowing of relaxation became more pronounced duringfatigue in CHF muscles. Immunoblot analyses of sarcoplasmic reticulum proteinsand sarcolemmaNa + ,K + -ATPaseshowed no difference in flexor digitorum brevis muscles of sham-operatedversus CHF rats. In conclusion, functional impairments can be observed in limbmuscle isolated from rats with CHF. These impairments seem to mainly involvestructures surrounding the muscle cells and sarcoplasmic reticulumCa 2+ pumps, the dysfunction of which becomesobvious duringfatigue.
Exposure to Family Violence, Perceived Psychological Adjustment of Parents, and the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Palestinian University Students

The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between exposure to (i.e., witnessing and experiencing) different patterns and types of family violence during childhood, during adolescence, and during young adulthood, on one hand, and adult post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), on the other. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,969 Palestinian students using a self-administered questionnaire. The results reveal that the more the participants witnessed and experienced psychological aggression (PS) and physical violence (PH) in their families of origin, the more they exhibited PTSS. Furthermore, the results indicate that a significant amount of the variance in the participants’ PTSS could be attributed to their exposure to family violence, over and above the amounts of variance that were explained by their sociodemographic characteristics and by their perceptions of their parents’ psychological adjustment. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.
Access and Engagement: Program Design and Instructional Approaches for Immigrant Students in Secondary School

Laura C. Stokes is an associate professor of education and Joe W. Wilson is a professor of education at the University of North Alabama, Florence. Correspondence concerning this article may be sent to jwilson@unanov.una. edu. This study compares teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of block scheduling during the first and second year of implementation with their perceptions during the third and fourth year at four high schools. Variables included initial perception, subject area taught, and years of teaching experience. Results show a consistent rating among teachers from year one to year four.
Investigating a four-pathway model of adult attachment orientation and health

We tested a model, derived from attachment theory, linking adult attachment orientation to health through four hypothesized intervening paths: affect, stress, social support, and health-risk behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 623 university students and 219 addiction treatment clients. In both samples, attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety dimensions were indirectly, rather than directly, related to lower subjective ratings of health. In both samples, data were consistent with the affect and stress pathways linking attachment to health. Results for the social support and health-risk behavior pathways were less robust. Results were consistent for male and female respondents. Findings are discussed in terms of attachment theory and the affect regulation processes linking attachment and health. Implications are considered, along with directions for future research.
A Fitness between CEO Characteristics and Management Control

본 연구는 상황분석이론을 적용하여, 최고경영자(CEO)의 특성과 경영통제시스템간의 적합성이 존재할 때 기업의 조직성과에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 가를 구조방정식을 적용하여 실증 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국의 제조기업들을 대상으로, CEO의 특성을 크게, 위험감수성향과 성취동기로 구분하였고, 경영통제시스템을 행동통제와 결과통제로 구분하였다. 그리고, 조직성과의 경우, 주로 재무적 특성을 지닌 성과를 적용하여 분석하였다. 각 변수들간의 관계에 대해 개별적 또는 종합적으로 분석하기 위해 구조방정식을 적용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 성취동기와 위험감수성향 중 위험감수성향은 행동통제와 결과 통제에 유의적인 양의 영향을 미치고, 위험감수성향은 행동통제에 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 위험 감수성향에 음의 영향과 성취동기에 양의 영향을 받은 행동통제는 조직성과에 유의적인 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다.
Two types of neurone in the rat ventral tegmental area and their synaptic inputs.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from 241 ventral tegmental neurones in slices of rat midbrain. Seventy‐seven per cent of neurones were hyperpolarized by dopamine (principal cells); 16% were hyperpolarized by opioid peptides (secondary cells). 2. Most principal cells fired spontaneously (1‐3 Hz) with a threshold of ‐53 mV; most secondary cells did not fire spontaneously. Action potentials of principal cells were longer (0.9 ms) than those of secondary cells (0.5 ms). 3. Focal electrical stimulation within the ventral tegmental area evoked a biphasic synaptic potential, depolarization followed by hyperpolarization, with a duration of about 200 ms. Experiments with receptor antagonists showed that the depolarizing component resulted from activation of both N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and non‐NMDA receptors and the hyperpolarizing component resulted from activation of GABAA receptors. 4. A later hyperpolarizing synaptic potential developed after a latency of 50 ms, reached its peak in 250 ms and had a duration of about 1 s. It reversed polarity at ‐108 mV (external potassium concentration was 2.5 mM), was blocked by phaclofen (30 microM‐1 mM) or 2‐hydroxysaclofen (100‐300 microM). In some cells, a phaclofen‐resistant component remained that was increased by cocaine and blocked by sulpiride (1 microM). 5. It is concluded that the ventral tegmental area contains two types of neurone having properties similar to those in the substantia nigra. The cells receive synaptic inputs mediated by excitatory amino acids acting at NMDA and non‐NMDA receptors, GABA acting at GABAA and GABAB receptors, and dopamine acting at D2 receptors.
PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT COMPLETION FOR ADOLESCENT MALES IN A MENTAL HEALTH RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM

(Abstract) Although there is significant prevalence of serious emotional disturbance in adolescents, research concerning the determination of appropriate levels of care is lacking. This study examined predictors of successful treatment completion in male adolescents (n=132) who were admitted to a suburban residential treatment center during a ten year period. Data on pre-treatment client variables, family participation in treatment, and length of stay were collected on each subject. Data were collected by sequentially reviewing 132 file records of previously discharged clients. Five variables (age upon admission, family constellation, family participation, previous out-of-home placements, criminal involvement) did not predict successful treatment completion. A significant relationship was found between length of stay in residential treatment and successful treatment completion. Implications for decision-making regarding admissions to residential treatment programs and needs for future research are discussed. iii Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the Glory of God and in thanksgiving for my many blessings " …with God all things are possible. " Matthew 19:26 iv Acknowledgements I want to acknowledge the many individuals who have given me guidance and support in the preparation of this thesis. First of all, I would like to thank my committee chairperson, Dr. Eric McCollum, who has held the roles of my advisor, work supervisor, clinical supervisor, professor and chair over the past three years. Eric: mere words cannot thank you enough for lending your expertise, time, and patience to my development, both as a clinician and a researcher. I will be forever grateful for the opportunity to work so closely with you. I also want to thank the other two members of my committee, Dr. Stith and Dr. Coleman, for their suggestions that have improved both the quality and clarity of this research. Sandi, thank you for serving on my committee. I know your time is valuable and I appreciate that you chose to support my research endeavors. Jean, I thank you for serving on my committee, being my clinical and work supervisors. I have learned much from your strength over the past three years. You are an inspiration to me, both in being a clinician and in self-care. I could not thank the faculty and leave out Dr. Karen Rosen, whose clinical supervision provided me a foundation as a therapist and whose research methods class taught me tools to assist in completing this thesis. I also want to acknowledge my research assistant and co-worker, Jorjanne Gausman, who …
Negotiating the Freshman Year: Challenges and Strategies Among First-Year College Students

This study explores the concept of strategies as a means for understanding how students negotiate the transition to college. Based upon a qualitative study of eight first-year students at an urban, commuter, public four-year college, it explores how students experienced challenges, perceived influences, and devised strategies during the freshman year. Findings revealed that challenges and influences ranged from negative to positive, and occurred both inside and outside the institution. Implications for first-year seminars and further research are discussed.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-RADIOGRAPHIC, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC, AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUODENAL DUPLICATION CYST IN A YOUNG CAT.

A 7-month-old, 2.8 kg, intact female Siamese cat was evaluated for repetitive and intermittent episodes of vomiting and anorexia. Abdominal palpation revealed a round, firm, nonpainful mass in the right cranial abdomen. Ultrasonography findings were consistent with a cystic structure adjacent to the descending duodenum. The structure exhibited a "muscular rim sign. " A duodenal duplication cyst was confirmed by histopathological analysis. Computed tomography ruled out concurrent vertebral anomalies and clarified anatomic relationships for surgical planning. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of an ultrasound "muscular rim sign" in a duodenal duplication cyst in a cat.
Part Localization using Multi-Proposal Consensus for Fine-Grained Categorization

We present a simple deep learning framework to simultaneously predict keypoint locations and their respective visibilities and use those to achieve state-of-the-art performance for fine-grained classification. We show that by conditioning the predictions on object proposals with sufficient image support, our method can do well without complicated spatial reasoning. Instead, inference methods with robustness to outliers, yield state-of-the-art for keypoint localization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our accurate keypoint localization and visibility prediction on the fine-grained bird recognition task with and without ground truth bird bounding boxes, and outperform existing state-of-the-art methods by over 2%.