Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Six- and Twelve-Month Follow-up of Sexually Abused Girls

This study was a follow-up investigation of the psychological symptomatology exhibited by sexually abused girls. Seventy-three sexually abused girls ages 7 to 13 were compared with 69 clinical controls and 69 normal controls at 6-and 12-month follow-up assessments. Assessment measures included the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL parent version). All findings with the self-report measures were nonsignificant except on the Piers-Harris at the 6-month follow-up, in which abused subjects had significantly higher self-esteem than both control groups. On the CBCL, the sexually abused girls and clinical controls exhibited significantly more problems than did the normal controls at both follow-ups on the Total Behavior Problems Scale, the Internalizing Scale, the Externalizing Scale, and at least 7 of 9 subscales. Subgroup analysis of the sexually abused group revealed that at the 12-month follow-up, abused girls who had been subjected to intercourse displayed significantly more emotional/behavioral difficulties on all of the self-report measures and three broad band factors of the CBCL than those who had been subjected to fondling. Results are discussed in the context of other recent empirically sound investigations of the psychological impact of child sexual abuse.
Recent evolution of the mutation rate and spectrum in Europeans

As humans dispersed out of Africa, they adapted to new environmental challenges including changes in exposure to mutagenic solar radiation. Humans in temperate latitudes have acquired light skin that is relatively transparent to ultraviolet light, and some evidence suggests that their DNA damage response pathways have also experienced local adaptation. This raises the possibility that different populations have experienced different selective pressures affecting genome integrity. Here, I present evidence that the rate of a particular mutation type has recently increased in the European population, rising in frequency by 50% during the 40,000–80,000 years since Europeans began diverging from Asians. A comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) private to Africa, Asia, and Europe in the 1000 Genomes data reveals that private European variation is enriched for the transition 5’-TCC-3’→5’-TTC-3’. Although it is not clear whether UV played a causal role in the changing the European mutational spectrum, 5’-TCC-3’→5’-TTC-3’ is known to be the most common somatic mutation present in melanoma skin cancers, as well as the mutation most frequently induced in vitro by UV. Regardless of its causality, this change indicates that DNA replication fidelity has not remained stable even since the origin of modern humans and might have changed numerous times during our recent evolutionary history.
Ramification estimates for the hyperbolic Gauss map

We give the best possible upper bound on the number of exceptional values and the totally ramified value number of the hyperbolic Gauss map for pseudo-algebraic constant mean curvature one surfaces in the hyperbolic three-space and some partial results on the Osserman problem for algebraic case. Moreover, we study the value distribution of the hyperbolic Gauss map for complete constant mean curvature one faces in de Sitter three-space.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Soluble vs. Qβ VLP Circumsporozoite Protein Vaccines Reveals Selective Enhancement of NANP Repeat Responses

Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a promising malaria vaccine target. RTS,S, the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate consists of the central NANP repeat and carboxy-terminal region of CSP displayed on a hepatitis B virus-like particle (VLP). To build upon the success of RTS,S, we produced a near full-length Plasmodium falciparum CSP that also includes the conserved amino-terminal region of CSP. We recently showed that this soluble CSP, combined with a synthetic Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR4) agonist in stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA/SE), induces a potent and protective immune response in mice against transgenic parasite challenge. Here we have investigated whether the immunogenicity of soluble CSP could be further augmented by presentation on a VLP. Bacteriophage Qβ VLPs can be readily produced in E.coli, they have a diameter of 25 nm and contain packaged E. coli RNA which serves as a built in adjuvant through the activation of TLR7/8. CSP was chemically conjugated to Qβ and the CSP-Qβ vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy were compared to adjuvanted soluble CSP in the C57Bl/6 mouse model. When formulated with adjuvants lacking a TLR4 agonist (Alum, SE and Montanide) the Qβ-CSP induced higher anti-NANP repeat titers, higher levels of cytophilic IgG2b/c antibodies and a trend towards higher protection against transgenic parasite challenge as compared to soluble CSP formulated in the same adjuvant. The VLP and soluble CSP immunogenicity difference was most pronounced at low antigen dose, and within the CSP molecule, the titers against the NANP repeats were preferentially enhanced by Qβ presentation. While a TLR4 agonist enhanced the immunogenicity of soluble CSP to levels comparable to the VLP vaccine, the TLR4 agonist did not further improve the immunogenicity of the Qβ-CSP vaccine. The data presented here pave the way for further improvement in the Qβ conjugation chemistry and evaluation of both the Qβ-CSP and soluble CSP vaccines in the non-human primate model.
An analytical model for the non-linear redshift-space power spectrum

We use N-body simulations to test the predictions of redshift distortion in the power spectrum given by the halo model in which the clustering of dark matter particles is considered as a result both of the clustering of dark haloes in space and of the distribution of dark matter particles in each individual dark halo. The predicted redshift distortion depends sensitively on several model parameters in a different way from the real-space power spectrum. An accurate model of the redshift distortion can be constructed if the following properties of the halo population are modelled accurately: the mass function of dark haloes, the velocity dispersion among dark haloes, and the non-linear nature of halo bias on small scales. The model can be readily applied to interpreting the clustering properties and velocity dispersion of different populations of galaxies once a cluster-weighted bias (or equivalently an halo occupation number model) is specified for the galaxies. Some non-trivial bias features observed from redshift surveys of optical galaxies and of IRAS galaxies relative to the standard low-density cold dark matter model can be easily explained in the cluster weighted bias model. The halo model further indicates that a linear bias can be a good approximation only for k less than or equal to 0.1 h Mpc(-1).
Group Composition, Creative Synergy, and Group Performance

Organizations use groups to improve performance on tasks that require problem solving. Is this belief in the problem solving benefits of groups misplaced given the process-losses often experienced by brainstorming groups? This study of 94 intact autonomous work groups performing multi-part tasks revealed that group creative performance increased multiplicatively (exponentially) with the number of highly creative group members composing the group. However, this occurred only when Team Creativity-Relevant Processes (TCRP) within the group were relatively high. When TCRP were relatively low, group creative performance decreased multiplicatively with the number of highly creative group members within it. When TCRP were about average for the sample, group performance increased only linearly with the number of highly creative members within a group.
Effects of Contextual Constraints upon Rate and Accuracy

Several researchers have demonstrated various effects of syntactic and context constraints upon reading (2, 4) . However, utilization of syntax by normally achieving and underachieving readers has seldom been reported. This study examined accuracy of word recognition and rate of reading for two groups of readers of materials with and without syntactic, or contextual, constraints. These fourth grade subjects were randomly selected from students reading above and one or more vears below grade level as determined by an individual achievement test ( 5 ) . The 12 better readers had a mean reading grade equivalent of 4.9, the poorer readers 2.8. Experimental materials included a second grade basal reader story of 175 words, which was presented in two conditions, original and random word order. The latter condition presented the words from the original passage randomlv ordered in horizontal strings. All subjects orally read both passages in random order. Scoring for accuracy was done from audbtaped recordings and considered any disagreement between print and utterance as an error. A 2 x 2 analvsis of variance on accuracy of words recognition indicated significant effects for groups ( P = 10.2. df = 1/22, P < .Ol ) . condition of resent at ion (P = 30.8. d f = 2/44, p < .01), and the interaction ( P = 15.9, d f = 2/44, p < .01). A second analysis of variance on rate of reading indicated significant effects for grouvs (P = 8.7. df = l(22, p < .01), for conditions of presenration (P = 9.9, d f = 2/44, P < .01), but no ~nteraction. The table includes a summary of the data for each group on both measures.
Comparisons of Latinos, African Americans, and Caucasians with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Identify racial/ethnic differences among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in demographics, MS disease characteristics, and health services received. PARTICIPANTS We analyzed enrollment data from the Registry of the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Project to compare 26,967 Caucasians, 715 Latinos, and 1,313 African Americans with MS. DESIGN Racial/ethnic analyses of NARCOMS data focused on descriptive characteristics, using ANOVA and chi-square tests to identify significant differences in means and frequencies among Caucasians, Latinos, and African Americans. RESULTS We identified significant racial/ethnic differences in demographics, MS disease characteristics, and treatments. Caucasians were older when first MS symptoms were experienced (30.1 years) and at MS diagnosis (37.4 years) than Latinos (28.6 years and 34.5 years) or African Americans (29.8 years and 35.8 years). Larger proportions of Latinos reported normal function for mobility and bladder/bowel function compared to Caucasians. Larger proportions of Latinos (44.2 percent) and African Americans (45.8 percent) reported at least mild depression compared to only 38.7 percent of Caucasians. Larger proportions of Latinos never received mental health care or care from rehabilitation specialists than Caucasians or African Americans. A larger proportion of African Americans had never been treated by a neurologist specializing in MS and a smaller proportion of African Americans received care at a MS clinic than Caucasians or Latinos. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for future analyses to determine if age, disease duration, MS symptoms, and disability levels provide additional insights into racial/ethic differences in the use of MS-related providers.
Neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze diagnostic criteria, response to chemotherapy, rate and site of relapse, and overall survival (OS) in neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma. METHODS Twenty patients were included. Stage was Ia(2) in 1 case, Ib(1) in 4, Ib(2) in 4, II in 5, IIIb in 2, IVa in 2, and IVb in 2. Patients with stage Ib(2) or greater received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCH). Eighteen patients were operated on. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the surgical specimens. Statistical analysis included the Kaplan-Meier method and the chi(2) and log-rank tests. RESULTS The response to NCH was <50% in 2/13 cases (15.3%), >50% in 9/13 (69.4%), and complete in 2/13 (15.3%). Cytokeratin was positive in 17/18 cases, neuron-specific enolase in 15/18, chromogranin in 9/18, and synaptophysin in 8/18. Tumor was pure in 12 cases. Two cases had simultaneous ovarian carcinoma. Positive nodes were observed in 9/20 pts (45%). Tumors <4 cm had no recurrences. Pure tumors >4 cm had distant relapses (6/11). Mixed tumors >4 cm had 2/6 pelvic and 3/6 lung metastases. OS was 39%. When the initial tumor volume was <4 cm OS was 76%, and it was 18% for tumors >4 cm (P < 0.05). OS was 58% when the residual tumor after NCH was <2 cm and 21% when it was >2 cm (P < 0.05). When the tumor was pure OS was 54% and 19% when it was mixed (P < 0.05). OS was 72% among pts with negative nodes and 11% for those with positive nodes (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS (1) Stage IV was frequent (20%); (2) Response to NCH was high; (3) The pattern of relapse differs for mixed tumors; (4) For tumors <4 cm outcome is similar to that of squamous carcinoma.
Language Use of Mauritian Adolescents in Education

This article reports on a research project conducted in Mauritius in 1993. The aim of this project was to investigate patterns of language use, language choice and language attitudes of Mauritian adolescents in full-time education. The research was carried out in the field, and data was collected by means of a questionnaire and interviews from a representative quota sample of the secondary school population. An outline of the historical and linguistic background is given, followed by the methodology and fieldwork. Finally, the results on language use appear to illustrate a conflict when compared with those of the last national census. The issues raised by these results are analysed in terms of accommodative behaviour, and the possibilities of language switching and language mixing in a multilingual and multicultural society.
Vocational knowledge and its specification

Abstract The contemporary pressure to codify vocational knowledge is economically driven. However, it represents just one of many kinds of knowledge codification that have occurred throughout history. Such codification of knowledge leads to and serves to reinforce differences in the value afforded various kinds of knowledge, education and learners. Three main types of problems with codification are identified: the difficulties involved in codifying knowledge, the inappropriate dualisms that can develop and the omission of important knowledge. Yet codification of knowledge has become important economically in a globalising economy, and the limits imposed on globalisation by the tacit nature of important knowledge is being recognised. In order to tease out the nature of tacit knowledge, Polanyi's concepts are outlined and related to advances in contemporary theories of knowledge and learning. A recently developed taxonomy of types and qualities of knowledge is used to illustrate the pervasiveness of tacit knowledge and as a basis for examining various codification agendas. It is concluded that the value of codification relates to the motives for engaging in codification, but that there are dangers in confounding the codes with the knowledge itself. A holistic approach to teaching and learning, which develops plural ways of knowing is outlined and advocated.
The Invasive Wetland Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides Shows a Higher Tolerance to Waterlogging than Its Native Congener Alternanthera sessilis

Plant invasion is one of the major threats to natural ecosystems. Phenotypic plasticity is considered to be important for promoting plant invasiveness. High tolerance of stress can also increase survival of invasive plants in adverse habitats. Limited growth and conservation of carbohydrate are considered to increase tolerance of flooding in plants. However, few studies have examined whether invasive species shows a higher phenotypic plasticity in response to waterlogging or a higher tolerance of waterlogging (lower plasticity) than native species. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to compare the growth and morphological and physiological responses to waterlogging of the invasive, clonal, wetland species Alternanthera philoxeroides with those of its co-occurring, native, congeneric, clonal species Alternanthera sessilis. Plants of A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis were subjected to three treatments (control, 0 and 60 cm waterlogging). Both A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis survived all treatments. Overall growth was lower in A. philoxeroides than in A. sessilis, but waterlogging negatively affected the growth of A. philoxeroides less strongly than that of A. sessilis. Alternanthera philoxeroides thus showed less sensitivity of growth traits (lower plasticity) and higher waterlogging tolerance. Moreover, the photosynthetic capacity of A. philoxeroides was higher than that of A. sessilis during waterlogging. Alternanthera philoxeroides also had higher total non-structural and non-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than A. sessilis at the end of treatments. Our results suggest that higher tolerance to waterlogging and higher photosynthetic capacity may partly explain the invasion success of A. philoxeroides in wetlands.
Bioassay-guided In vitro Study of the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaves from Excoecaria Lucida Sw

Background: Excoecaria lucida Sw. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant conventionally used throughout the Caribbean in the treatment of infectious diseases. Objective: To evaluate, using bioassay-guided fractionation, the in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of E. lucida leaves. Materials and Methods: A 95% ethanol crude extract was dried and fractionated by solid-liquid separation in four phases (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol). Antimicrobial activity (3 bacteria, 6 yeasts, and 2 fungi) was evaluated by the dilution method with resazurin (2048, 512, 128, 32, and 8 μg/mL). The cytotoxicity assays were evaluated in two cell lines: MRC-5 and RAW 264.7; calculating the selectivity index. Assays were performed for the total extract, the isolated compound with the highest yield, and the ethyl acetate and butanol phases. Isolated compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Results: Fractionation process led to the isolation of ellagic acid (784.29 mg), 3,3',4'-tri-O-methyl ellagic 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside acid (6.1 mg), and corilagin (6.91 mg). The most active were ethyl acetate phase and ellagic acid with IC50= 128 μg/mL against seven and five different species of microorganisms, respectively. The total extract (IC50=512 μg/mL) and the ethyl acetate phase (IC50=128 μg/mL) were cytotoxic in both cell lines, while butanol phase and ellagic acid both with IC50>2048 μg/mL seemed to be safer. Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that the Excoecaria leaves can be conventionally used as antimicrobial, but it should be present that some cytotoxicity could appear. In addition, the three identified compounds were reported for the first time in the species. Abbreviations Used: MRC-5-SV2: Diploid human lung fibroblasts cells, RAW 264.7: Murine macrophages cells, IC50: Inhibitory Concentration 50%, ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, CCEBI: Culture Collection of Industrial Biotechnology Center, CECT: Spanish Culture Collection Type, CFU: Colony forming units, CC50: 50% cytotoxic concentration, CO2: Carbon dioxide, SI: Selectivity index, IR: Infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of hydrogen, 13C NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of carbon, HMQC: Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation, HMBC: Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation, COSY: Correlation Spectroscopy, NOESY: Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, KBr: Potassium bromide, DMSO-D6: Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide, LC-MS: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, [α]D: Optical rotation, EL1: ellagic acid, EL2: 3,3',4'-tri-O-methyl ellagic 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside acid, EL3: corilagin, Active (+), inactive (−).
Increased ischemia-reperfusion injury to the heart associated with short-term, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits.

The effects of increased dietary cholesterol content on coronary vascular hemodynamics and endothelial cell transport function were assessed in isolated rabbit hearts during 3.5 hours of reperfusion after 30 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia. In control hearts from rabbits fed normal chow, perfusion pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, maximum +dP/dt, and the rate of intravascular clearance of radiolabelled albumin remained constant during 5 hours of continuous perfusion, while the mean transit time of radiolabelled albumin increased 1.6 X baseline. In ischemic hearts from rabbits fed normal chow, perfusion pressure increased 59% during reperfusion while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and maximum +dP/dt returned toward control levels. The rate of intravascular clearance of radiolabelled albumin decreased 36%, and the mean transit time of albumin increased approximately 3 X baseline. Ischemia-reperfusion injury to the cardiac vasculature and musculature was markedly increased in hearts of rabbits fed chow supplemented with 2% cholesterol for 2-3 weeks compared to rabbits fed the same diet for a longer duration (5-16 weeks) or rabbits fed normal chow. Prior to ischemia, permeation of the coronary vasculature by albumin was increased twofold in rabbits fed cholesterol for 2-3 weeks while myocyte contractile function was normal relative to chow-fed controls or the group fed cholesterol for 5-16 weeks. These effects of acute cholesterol feeding precede occlusive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and occur at plasma cholesterol concentrations one third of those in rabbits fed cholesterol for the longer duration. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peripheral Popout: The Influence of Visual Angle and Stimulus Intensity on Popout Effects

By exploiting visual popout effects, interface designers can rapidly draw a user's attention to salient information objects in a display. A variety of different visual stimuli can be used to achieve popout effects, including color, shape, size, motion, luminance, and flashing. However, there is a lack of understanding about how accurately different intensities of these effects support popout, particularly as targets move further from the center of the visual field. We therefore conducted a study to examine the accuracy of popout target identification using different visual variables, each at five different levels of intensity, and at a wide range of angles from the display center. Results show that motion is a strong popout stimulus, even at low intensities and wide angles. Identification accuracy decreases rapidly across visual angle with other popout stimuli, particularly with shape and color. The findings have relevance to a wide variety of applications, particularly as multi-display desktop environments increase in size and visual extent.