Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of semantic processing measured by N400m and its correlation with anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus

The inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) is a white matter tract that connects the occipital and the temporal lobes. Due to its location, a possible role in visual processing and language comprehension has been attributed to the ILF. The present study aims to investigate the existence and degree of an effect of the ILF's structural organization on visual semantic processing. We hypothesized that the efficiency of visual semantic processing positively correlates with the degree of anisotropy of the ILF. We studied 10 healthy right-handed subjects. We extracted N400m from magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals during a semantic decision task and determined fractional anisotropy (FA) of the ILF using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By comparing inter-individual differences in N400m and FA, we found that FA of the left ILF negatively correlated with the N400m latency, which suggests that high ILF anisotropy is associated with more efficient semantic processing. Our findings provide supporting evidence for a role of the ILF in language comprehension. %%%%Le faisceau longitudinal inferieur est une fibre nerveuse de la substance blanche qui connecte les lobes occipital et temporal. En raison de son emplacement, un role possible dans le traitement visuel et la comprehension du langage, a ete attribue au faisceau longitudinal inferieur. Cette etude a pour but d'examiner l'existence et le degre de l'effet de l'organisation structurelle du faisceau longitudinal inferieur sur le traitement visuel semantique. Nous emettons l'hypothese que l'efficacite du traitement visuel semantique est correlee positivement avec le degre d'anisotropie du faisceau longitudinal inferieur. Nous avons etudie 10 sujets sains en sante. Nous avons extrait N400m de signaux de la magnetoencephalographie pendant une tâche de decision semantique et avons determine l'anisotropie fractionnelle du faisceau longitudinal inferieur en utilisant l'imagerie du tenseur de diffusion. En comparant les differences inter-individuelles dans N400m et l'anisotropie fractionnelle, nous avons decouvert que l'anisotropie fractionnelle du faisceau longitudinal inferieur dans l'hemisphere gauche correlee negativement avec la latence de N400m, suggerant que l'anisotropie elevee du faisceau longitudinal inferieur est associee avec un traitement semantique plus efficace. Nos resultats fournissent des preuves a l'appui d'un role du faisceau longitudinal inferieur dans la comprehension du langage.
Diyet Yapan ve Yapmayan Ergenlerin Kendilik Alg›s›, Beden ‹maj› ve Beden Kitle Indeksi Aç›s›ndan Karfl›laflt›r›lmas›

Yöntem: 15-17 yafl aras›nda de¤iflen 531 lise ö¤rencisi rastgele örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen okul ve s›n›flardan al›nm›flt›r. Ergenler ‹çin Kendilik Alg›s› Profili (EKAP), Beden Bölgesi ve Özelliklerinden Hoflnut Olma Anketi (BBÖHOA), Diyet Yapma Durumu ve ideal beden a¤›rl›¤›, demografik bilgilerin yer ald›¤› anket uygulanm›flt›r. Dünya Sa¤l›k Örgütü ölçütlerine göre beden kitle indeksi (BK‹) belirlenmifltir. EKAP ve BBÖHOA alt ölçeklerinin puanlar›n›n ba¤›ml› de¤iflken olarak yer ald›¤› 2(cinsiyet)*3(yafl) *3(diyet yapma durumu) faktöryel düzende çok de¤iflkenli varyans analizi ve diyet yapanlarda yordayan etkenlerin saptanmas› amac›yla çoklu bileflik regresyon analizi uygulanm›flt›r.
Regional Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) Characteristics of Breast Cancer and Correlation with Microvessel Density (MVD)

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the perfusion characteristics of different breast lesion regions in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Material/Methods A total of 161 malignant and benign breast lesion cases were subjected to CEUS. Perfusion parameters were analyzed and compared between the central and peripheral lesion regions, and surrounding tissue. Mass section was marked with methylene blue. Samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) was calculated. Results There were significant differences in perfusion performance between the central and peripheral lesion regions, and surrounding tissue. In the malignant tumors, the fast-in and fast-out pattern was the most common type in the peripheral region (57.98%), while the slow-in and slow-out patterns were the major types in the central region and surrounding tissue (49.58% and 57.98%, respectively). Compared with the surrounding tissue, the peripheral region in the cancers exhibited hyperechoic enhancement and fast-in and slow-out pattern, with large area under the curve (AUC), while the central region showed isoechoic enhancement and equally-in and slow-out pattern, with large AUC. In the benign lesions, the peripheral region exhibited hyperechoic enhancement and fast-in and fast-out pattern, with small AUC, while the central region showed isoechoic enhancement and equally-in and -out pattern, with the same AUC value. Moreover, the perfusion parameters in the central and peripheral regions were significantly associated with MVD. Conclusions It is more objective to evaluate the perfusion performance of breast lesions with the reference of surrounding tissue. Compared with the central region, the peripheral region could better reflect the perfusion characteristics of malignant lesions.
The ocular immune response. 3. Effect of antilymphocyte serum on the development of immunogenic uveitis.

Rabbits receiving an intravitreal injection of egg albumin developed immunogenic uveitis spontaneously in approximately one week. Pretreatment with systemic horse antirabbit lymphocyte serum (HARLS) was highly effective in preventing the development of the uveitis. Pretreatment with normal horse serum had no effect on the uveitis. Pretreatment tvith HARLS also prevented sensitization of the animal to the egg albumin as the recurrent uveitis which accompanies a later intravenous challenge of the prestimidated animal did not occur. Treatment with HARLS could not prevent the secondary response after the animal had been previously sensitized.
Using SeaWiFS Measurements to evaluate Long-term Radiometric Stability of Pseudo-invariant Calibration Sites

Pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICSs) have been widely applied to satellite sensor radiometric calibrations and inter-comparisons. However, the stability of those sites is rarely evaluated comprehensively. We adopted the lifetime SeaViewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) radiance data from 1997 to 2010 to monitor the stability of the SeaWiFS reflectance at the top of atmosphere (TOA) over six CEOS (the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) reference standard PICSs. Cloud-free and spatially homogeneous time series of the mean spectral TOA reflectance (ρTOA) at eight SeaWiFS channels over these sites are generated together with corresponding observing geometries. We then fit the derived SeaWiFS ρTOA time series to the Ross-Li Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) model after screening out outliers to characterize the directional reflectivity effects. Time Series of BRDF-normalized spectral TOA reflectance (RTOA) is presented and quantitatively analyzed afterwards. Overall good stability during the SeaWiFS operation period is exhibited, while both root mean square (RMS) and trend slope analysis reveal spectral dependence of the PICSs’ stability, i.e. the uncertainty and changing extent of RTOA appear to be larger at shortwave visible (SV) channels (~3%) compared to that of red/near infrared (NIR) bands (~1.5%). The derived results could be utilized or consulted for various calibration applications such as Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) recalibration.
Complaints of sore throat after tracheal intubation: a prospective evaluation

Background and objective: Sore throat and hoarseness rank, besides pain and nausea, among the most frequent subjective complaints after tracheal intubation for general anaesthesia. Our intention was to determine the incidence of postoperative sore throat from a large sample of patients and thus to identify the most important associated factors. Methods: We prospectively followed up 809 adult patients who underwent elective surgical interventions and examined their history, the applied anaesthetic techniques, perioperative course and the occurrence, intensity and duration of postoperative throat complaints. The assignment and professional experience of the involved intubators were also assessed. The influence of a multitude of variables on postoperative throat complaints was statistically analysed. Results: Postoperative sore throat was present in 40% overall being significantly higher in female than in male (44% vs. 33%; P = 0.001). The mean pain intensity in the affected patients (n = 323) was 28 ± 12 mm on a visual analogue scale where 0 = no pain and 100 = extreme pain. The average duration was 16 ± 11 h. Main factors associated with throat complaints were female sex, history of smoking or lung disease, duration of anaesthesia, postoperative nausea, bloodstain on the endotracheal tube and natural teeth. We could find no influence on the occurrence or intensity of throat complaints by the professional assignment or the length of professional experience of the personnel involved. Conclusions: Postoperative throat complaints frequently arise after tracheal intubation for general anaesthesia in the first 2 postoperative days, but they are of limited intensity and duration.
Fractographic analysis of tensile failures of aerospace grade composites

This paper describes fractographic features observed in aerospace composites failed under tensile loads. Unidirectional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (UD CFRP) and Unidirectional Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (UD GFRP) composite specimens were fabricated and tested in tension. The morphology of fractured surfaces was studied at various locations to identify failure mechanism and characteristic fractographic features. CFRP composites displayed transverse crack propagation and the fracture surface showed three distinct regions, viz., crack origin, propagation and final failure. Significant variations in the fractographic features were noticed in crack propagation and final failure regions. Crack propagation region exhibited brittle fracture with chevron lines emanating from the crack origin. The entire crack propagation region exhibited radial marks on the individual fibre broken ends. On the other hand, the final fracture region revealed longitudinal matrix splitting and radial marks in majority of locations, and chop marks at some locations. The change in fracture mode in the final fracture was attributed to superimposition of bending loads. GFRP composites exhibited broom like fracture with extensive longitudinal splitting with radial marks present on individual fibre broken ends. Transverse fracture was observed at a few locations. These fracture features were analyzed and correlated with the loading conditions.
Iranian Traditional games pedagogy and their importance in improving physical and psychological aspects of elementary school students

The goal of present paper is investigating Iranian traditional games pedagogy and their importance in improving psychological and physical aspects of elementary school students. samples either by clusters in two stages or simple random. The members of this research are 144 persons; in each state were chosen as statistical samples for this study. All the information about their physical preparedness was gathered by related tests and their psychological preparedness were examined by special tools which are specified for gathering such information according to the questionnaire; however their precisions and contents were studied and confirmed by a group of connoisseur professors of the university. For investigating about the perpetuity of the questionnaire; we used the Alpha Chronbach (0.86). According to the guidelines; traditional games were held in 8 weeks and three times a week. For each player; we had to establish a record for physical preparedness and psychological traits both before and after the exercise sessions. Then we review and analyze them. For analyzing the data we used descriptive and deductive statistics . The positive impact of research results on various aspects of traditional games children showed physical and mental. Therefore, traditional games can be valuable as an educational tool in the comprehensive development of children can play an important role . ( Mitra Rouhi. Iranian Traditional games pedagogy and their importance in improving physical and psychological aspects of elementary school students. J Am Sci 2012;8(9):429-435). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org . 60
Platelet P2Y12 Inhibitors Reduce Systemic Inflammation and Its Prothrombotic Effects in an Experimental Human Model

Objective—Clinical studies suggest that platelet P2Y12 inhibitors reduce mortality from sepsis, although the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly defined in vivo. We hypothesized that P2Y12 inhibitors may improve survival from sepsis by suppressing systemic inflammation and its prothrombotic effects. We therefore determined whether clopidogrel and the novel, more potent P2Y12 inhibitor, ticagrelor, modify these responses in an experimental human model. Approach and Results—We randomized 30 healthy volunteers to ticagrelor (n=10), clopidogrel (n=10), or no antiplatelet medication (controls; n=10). We examined the effect of P2Y12 inhibition on systemic inflammation, which was induced by intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Both P2Y12 inhibitors significantly reduced platelet–monocyte aggregate formation and peak levels of major proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor &agr;, interleukin-6, and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2. In contrast to clopidogrel, ticagrelor also significantly reduced peak levels of IL-8 and growth colony-stimulating factor and increased peak levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, ticagrelor altered leukocyte trafficking. Both P2Y12 inhibitors suppressed D-dimer generation and scanning electron microscopy revealed that ticagrelor also suppressed prothrombotic changes in fibrin clot ultrastructure. Conclusions—Potent inhibition of multiple inflammatory and prothrombotic mechanisms by P2Y12 inhibitors demonstrates critical importance of platelets as central orchestrators of systemic inflammation induced by bacterial endotoxin. This provides novel mechanistic insight into the lower mortality associated with P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with sepsis in clinical studies.
Lack of association between the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 R263Q and R620W functional genetic variants and endogenous non-anterior uveitis

Objective Endogenous uveitis is a major cause of visual loss mediated by the immune system. The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes a lymphoid-specific phosphatase that plays a key role in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Two independent functional missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the PTPN22 gene (R263Q and R620W) have been associated with different autoimmune disorders. We aimed to analyze for the first time the influence of these PTPN22 genetic variants on endogenous non-anterior uveitis susceptibility. Methods We performed a case-control study of 217 patients with endogenous non-anterior uveitis and 718 healthy controls from a Spanish population. The PTPN22 polymorphisms (rs33996649 and rs2476601) were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. The allele, genotype, carriers, and allelic combination frequencies were compared between cases and controls with χ2 analysis or Fisher’s exact test. Results Our results showed no influence of the studied SNPs in the global susceptibility analysis (rs33996649: allelic P-value=0.92, odds ratio=0.97, 95% confidence interval=0.54–1.75; rs2476601: allelic P-value=0.86, odds ratio=1.04, 95% confidence interval=0.68–1.59). Similarly, the allelic combination analysis did not provide additional information. Conclusions Our results suggest that the studied polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene do not play an important role in the pathophysiology of endogenous non-anterior uveitis.
Cyber Situation Awareness

Objective: To determine the effects of an adversary’s behavior on the defender’s accurate and timely detection of network threats. Background: Cyber attacks cause major work disruption. It is important to understand how a defender’s behavior (experience and tolerance to threats), as well as adversarial behavior (attack strategy), might impact the detection of threats. In this article, we use cognitive modeling to make predictions regarding these factors. Method: Different model types representing a defender, based on Instance-Based Learning Theory (IBLT), faced different adversarial behaviors. A defender’s model was defined by experience of threats: threat-prone (90% threats and 10% nonthreats) and nonthreat-prone (10% threats and 90% nonthreats); and different tolerance levels to threats: risk-averse (model declares a cyber attack after perceiving one threat out of eight total) and risk-seeking (model declares a cyber attack after perceiving seven threats out of eight total). Adversarial behavior is simulated by considering different attack strategies: patient (threats occur late) and impatient (threats occur early). Results: For an impatient strategy, risk-averse models with threat-prone experiences show improved detection compared with risk-seeking models with nonthreat-prone experiences; however, the same is not true for a patient strategy. Conclusions: Based upon model predictions, a defender’s prior threat experiences and his or her tolerance to threats are likely to predict detection accuracy; but considering the nature of adversarial behavior is also important. Application: Decision-support tools that consider the role of a defender’s experience and tolerance to threats along with the nature of adversarial behavior are likely to improve a defender’s overall threat detection.
Responders vs clinical response: a critical analysis of data from linaclotide phase 3 clinical trials in IBS-C

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) set a rigorous standard for defining patient responders in irritable bowel syndrome‐C (IBS‐C; i.e., FDA's Responder Endpoint) for regulatory approval. However, this endpoint's utility for health‐care practitioners to assess clinical response has not been determined. We analyzed pooled IBS‐C linaclotide trial data to evaluate clinically significant responses in linaclotide‐treated patients who did not meet the FDA responder definition.
Effect of a mother-to-child HIV prevention programme on infant feeding and caring practices in South Africa.

OBJECTIVES To conduct a rapid assessment of the impact of the Khayelitsha Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) programme on infant care practices among programme participants and the local population. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey and qualitative in-depth interviews. SETTING. Khayelitsha, a large formal and informal settlement of about 300,000 people on the outskirts of Cape Town. At the time of the study the HIV seroprevalence rate among antenatal women was about 15% and the MTCT programme had enrolled nearly 800 infected women. SUBJECTS Seventy randomly selected caregivers with young children in the survey; in-depth structured interviews with 11 nutrition counsellors and 11 mothers enrolled in the programme. RESULTS Caregivers have good knowledge of the spread and prevention of HIV. A majority knew that breast-feeding can transmit HIV but 90% stated that this did not affect their feeding decisions. Over 80% had stopped exclusively breast-feeding by the time their infants were 3 months of age. All of the respondents felt that being diagnosed HIV-positive would result in serious social and domestic consequences. None of the health workers could correctly estimate the risk of spreading HIV through breast-feeding and many reported feeling confused about what they should counsel mothers. All the mothers on the programme reported exclusive formula-feeding. Some had serious problems with preparation and feeding of formula milk. Nearly all reported running out of feeds before being able to fetch new supplies. None reported any negative social effects of not breast-feeding. Most of the mothers endorsed the programme and felt that it had given them strength to face up to and plan for the consequences of their diagnosis. CONCLUSION This rapid appraisal of the infant feeding and care component of the MTCT programme has raised a number of important challenges which health managers and policymakers need to address. Similar assessments in the new pilot sites will be important.
Young children’s photographs of measurement in the home

This article explores the use of children’s photography as a method for conducting mathematics education research with young children. Collected as part of a study focusing on the experiences with measurement children have at the start of schooling, the photographs presented here were taken by children aged five and six years, from two Australian primary schools. The children took a digital camera home and were asked to photograph things that they considered to be related to measurement. While the intended use of the photographs was to provide insight into the types of experiences children have with measurement in the home context, an additional outcome to emerge from the research was a deeper understanding relating to the strengths and weaknesses of using children’s photography and photo elicitation as a research method with young children. This article presents some of the insights gleaned from this mathematics education research, and examines the use of children’s photography and photo elicitation as a research strategy for working in early years research contexts.
Using eye-tracking and correlates of brain activity to predict quality scores

Subjective quality tests give important information about the user's perception on the quality of an audio or video signal. These tests are helpful but usually lack information about the user's cognitive state. This might be crucial when consuming a service, as lower quality services may lead to a less frequent use. Therefore, physiological measures have become more popular in the domain of quality assessment as they give more detailed insights about e.g. fatigue and attention of a person. In the current study we used spatially degraded videos and obtained 1) standard subjective quality judgments, 2) eye movement parameters and 3) brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The results indicate more focused attention on the degraded area once participants found that area, as pupil diameter increases and the proportion of alpha activity decreases. On the basis of the data a model is proposed which predicts the quality scores from the obtained physiological measures.