Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CAPITAL STRUCTURES IN EMERGING STOCK MARKETS: THE CASE OF HUNGARY

This paper studies developments in the Hungarian capital markets during 1992‐95 and investigates the determinants of the capital structures of companies listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange. Hungarian companies had very low leverage ratios. Empirical findings indicate that the negative relationship between leverage and proportion of tangible assets was primarily caused by the lack of long-term debt financing. The relationship between leverage and the size of the company provides some indication of the importance of trade credits for the companies. The more profitable companies had less debt than less profitable ones. This is attributed to the firms’ financial incentives aggravated by the segmentation of Hungarian credit markets and credit rationing within the financial environment. Manufacturing firms and firms with the state among their major shareholders enjoyed higher levels of debt financing relative to other companies. HAT are the key financial and organizational factors determining the quality of restructuring and adjustment of privatized companies in transition economies? The importance of this question becomes clear once it is realized that macroeconomic stabilization cannot be achieved without the proper microeconomic environment. Capital markets, along with the rules and regulation governing these markets, are integral parts of this environment. Managers, owners, and other suppliers of finance who interact in these markets should be provided with the proper incentives and instruments to improve the economic efficiency of their firms. A large number of factors distort these incentives and reduce the set of available instruments even in the developed countries. The endogenous formation of new economic systems in transition economies makes it virtually impossible to mitigate all market imperfections at once.
Permanent-magnet-free-synchronous motor with self-excited wound-field technique utilizing space harmonics

This paper describes a permanent-magnet-free synchronous motor where space harmonic power is utilized for the field magnetization instead of permanent magnets. The stator has a three-phase concentrated winding structure, and the rotor has two types of windings, i.e., an induction coil that retrieves mainly the second space harmonic and a field coil for the field magnetization. The two coils are connected via a center-tapped full bridge diode rectifying circuit. The principle of self-excitation utilizing space harmonics power is conducted, and the mathematical model is discussed. In addition, experimental test results are demonstrated compared with interior-permanent-magnet synchronous motor for HEV application.
The relative importance of hotels and airlines to the business traveller

Utilizes “critical incident analysis” to uncover business traveller attitudes to current changes in business travel policy. Examines the importance of flight and hotel arrangements as part of the motivation and satisfaction of the business traveller. The findings provide evidence of how the self‐esteem of travellers is affected. Also indicates that a “good hotel” and additional spare time are important factors which provide for higher levels of satisfaction.
Modelling purchasing decisions of seafood products : a case study of Mumbai, India

This study investigated the factors affecting the purchase decisions of seafood consumers in selected urban areas of Mumbai, India. The primary data were analysed using binary choice modelling techniques. It was found that taste, religion, size of household and age of family member were significant factors at a 95% confidence level. The Indian seafood industry may find this baseline study useful to encourage further consumer-based research to promote the growth of the domestic seafood market.
Family Firms and Social Responsibility: Preliminary Evidence from the S&P 500

Little is known about the impact of family ownership and management on corporate social performance. Some scholars have suggested that family firms are not likely to act in a socially responsible manner, while others have indicated that socially responsible behavior on the part of the family firm protects the family's assets. This preliminary study compares the degree to which family and nonfamily firms are socially responsible using data from 1991 to 2000 from the S&P 500. Two hundred sixty–one firms (202 nonfamily and 59 family) appeared in the S&P 500 for the 10–year period. Findings show that family firms are more socially responsible than nonfamily firms along several dimensions. This is likely due to family concern about image and reputation and a desire to protect family assets.
Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of pyelonephritis and the incidence of risk factors, microbial pathogens, and obstetric complications in women with acute antepartum pyelonephritis. METHODS: For 2 years, information on pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis was collected in a longitudinal study. All women were admitted to the hospital and treated with intravenous antimicrobial agents. We compared the pregnancy outcomes of these women with those of the general obstetric population received at our hospital during the same time period. RESULTS: Four hundred forty cases of acute antepartum pyelonephritis were identified during the study period (incidence 1.4%). Although there were no significant differences in ethnicity, pyelonephritis was associated with nulliparity (44% versus 37%, P = .003) and young age (P = .003). Thirteen percent of the women had a known risk factor for pyelonephritis. Acute pyelonephritis occurred more often in the second trimester (53%), and the predominant uropathogens were Escherichia coli (70%) and gram-positive organisms, including group B β Streptococcus (10%). Complications included anemia (23%), septicemia (17%), transient renal dysfunction (2%), and pulmonary insufficiency (7%). CONCLUSION: The incidence of pyelonephritis has remained low in the era of routine prenatal screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria. First-trimester pyelonephritis accounts for over 1 in 5 antepartum cases. Gram-positive uropathogens are found more commonly as pregnancy progresses. Maternal complications continue, but poor obstetrical outcomes are rare. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3
Afferent vascular resistance control during hemorrhage in normal and autonomically blocked rabbits.

We examined the role of the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors on the hindquarter conductance and heart rate responses of conscious rabbits bled at approximately 3% blood volume (BV)/min to 80% BV (i.e., 20% BV removed). We used rabbits with both sets of baroreceptors working and when only one or neither sets was working. Each animal was studied with normal effector function and during autonomic blockade (hormonal + local effectors), where release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and renin (angiotensin II, ANG II) were enhanced. The local response (LR) to hemorrhage was determined in a separate group of neurohumorally blocked rabbits. The estimated constrictor response (ECR) was the difference between the LR and net conductance response. In normal rabbits, the ECR was 49 units, with the estimated arterial-to-cardiac barorecptor drive ratio approximately 2.8:1 and with the two receptor groups acting by simple addition. Both barorecptors contributed to the rise in heart rate, with the relative arterial-to-cardiac baroreceptor drive ratio approximately 4:1. When hemorrhage was performed during autonomic blockade, ECR was 84 units (compared with normal rabbits, P less than 0.01), but blood pressure was poorly maintained and the constrictor effect was not under baroreceptor control. Although the baroreceptors were critical for AVP release during autonomic blockade, they played no role in renin release (ANG II production); the latter was released in large amounts, producing near-maximum constriction, which was unrelated to the afferent input. Thus neurally mediated regulation during hemorrhage has substantial advantages over that mediated primarily through the pressor hormones.
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Thromboembolic Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery and the Outcome Comparison between Endovascular and Open Surgical Treatments: A Retrospective Study

We reported our experience with endovascular treatment for patients with acute thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (ATOS) as well as comparing the efficacy between endovascular and traditional open surgical treatments. Eighteen consecutive patients with ATOS who received endovascular treatment and 12 patients who received open surgical treatment between February 2007 and October 2012 at Tianjin Union Medical Center (Tianjin, China) were retrospectively reviewed. Primary clinical outcomes included the technical success, requirement of laparotomy, length of bowel resection, perioperative mortality within 30 days, and surgical complications. The patients were followed up for 0.1 to 98 months. For patients who underwent endovascular treatment, complete technical success was achieved in 8 (44.4%) patients and partial success was achieved in the remaining 10 (55.6%) patients. Laparotomy was required in 6 (33.3%) patients. The 30-day mortality was 16.7%. In comparison to open surgical therapy, endovascular therapy achieved lower requirement of laparotomy (in 33.3% versus in 58.3% of cases, p = 0.18), significantly shorter average length of bowel resection (88 ± 44 versus 253 ± 103 cm, p = 0.01), and lower mortality rate (16.7% versus 33.3%, p = 0.68). The endovascular therapy is a promising treatment alternative for ATOS.
A novel treatment for refractory primary biliary cirrhosis?

BACKGROUND/AIMS Bezafibrate is naturally used for hyperlipidemia worldwide. In 1992 Day et al reported that the value of ALP and gamma-GTP in hyperlipidemia declined after administering bezafibrate orally. We conducted a study to investigate whether or not ALP and gamma-GTP in primary biliary cirrhosis which is characterized by the elevation of these enzymes improved after taking bezafibrate. METHODOLOGY We administered bezafibrate additionally for 6 months to 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (refractory PBC) whose liver enzymes (ALP or gamma-GTP) did not remain within normal range out of 21 patients treated by monotherapy of ursodeoxycholic acid for 18 months. RESULTS At 2, 4, and 6 months, gamma-GTP level significantly decreased compared with that prior to the initiation of bezafibrate. At 4 and 6 months, ALP level significantly decreased compared with that prior to the initiation. At 2, 4 and 6 months, ALT level significantly decreased compared with that prior to the initiation. The value of IgG and IgM was also reduced significantly 6 months after the initiation. CONCLUSIONS If the effectiveness of bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis is confirmed histologically and by a randomized trial, a combination therapy of bezafibrate and ursodeoxycholic acid appear to be the medical treatment of choice for primary biliary cirrhosis in the future.
Does Capital Structure Affect Institutional Investor Choices?

Evidence from a panel dataset of S&P 500 firms over 1997–2001 indicates that capital structure influences institutional investors' stock-picking choices. Dividend yield has a strong negative relation to number of institutional investors, total number of shares of institutional holdings, percentage of institutional ownership, and average number of shares held by each institutional investor. Debt ratio is positively and significantly related to the average shares held by each institutional investor but negatively related to number of institutional investors. Among the control variables, firm size and three-year stock returns are significantly related to institutional ownership.
Further Analysis of the Liquidity and Information Components of Institutional Orders: Active Versus Passive Funds

Previous research examining the price impact of institutional trading concludes that index funds incur higher liquidity costs due to the higher demand for trading immediacy. However, this conclusion has only been inferred by comparing the total price impact of active and index funds. This study extends the literature by decomposing the price impact of both active and index funds' trades into liquidity (temporary) and information (permanent) components. Index fund trades incur higher liquidity costs and generate lower returns than active funds' trades. Indeed, the evidence presented in this study reveals the execution costs of index funds' trades are entirely liquidity-driven.
A Retailer Promotion Policy Model Considering Promotion Signal Sensitivity

Recent research suggests that the signal e.g., sign or marker with a point of purchase promotion will stimulate a significant sales increase, regardless of whether or not that signal is accompanied by a price cut. This paper develops a model of retailer profitability that incorporates this "promotion signal sensitivity. " In a field test, the profitability of the promotion policy prescribed by this model is compared to the profitability of two other promotion policy-setting paradigms: a model-based policy that does not consider promotion signal sensitivity and one prescribed by industry experts. The test results support the proposed model. Its policy generates 11% more category profit per unit than the model-based policy and 12% more than the industry experts. Implications for retailers and future research are discussed.
Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: VIII. Distribution of Income by Size

In this paper we deal with the relation between economic growth and the distribution of income by size among the individuals and households in a country. Two questions are of particular interest. First, do the changes in the scope and structure of the production process that accompany economic growth and constitute its essence also affect the distribution of the growing income among the population ? Second, does the size distribution of income, thus affected by the process of modern economic growth, have, in turn, an effect on the latter-by influencing not only consumption and savings but also the contribution of the income recipients to national product ? The first question involves an evaluation of the contribution of economic growth to the welfare of a country's inhabitants. It has loomed large in the economic literature, partly in connection with the generalizations of the classical and Marxian schools concerning long-term trends in the distribution of the national product and the thesis of "increasing misery," partly in connection with attempts to derive invariant "laws" of similarity in space and constancy in time; and it has always been the focus of extended discussions dealing with the problems of the low income groups who may not be sharing in the country's economic growth, or of the top income groups who may be attaining too much economic power. The second question, which treats the size distribution of income as one factor among many determining economic growth, has also loomed large in economic discussions that attempt to trace the flow of income from the productive system through the households as a basis for effective demand, as a source of savings to finance capital formation, and as a mechanism through which an adequate participation of man in the productive process can be assured.
Retinal Pulse Wave Velocity in Young Male Normotensive and Mildly Hypertensive Subjects

Hypertension is characterized by microvascular remodeling resulting in increased wall/lumen ratio and elevated microvascular stiffness. Aiming to transform the measurement of macrovascular stiffness into a microvascular environment we introduce a noninvasive method to assess rPWV. rPWV alterations in early hypertension are investigated in detail. The developed methodology is compared with its possible computational alternatives.
INDIVIDUAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND SPECIALIST TRADE PATTERNS BEFORE AND AFTER DISCLOSURE

We examine the trade response of individuals, institutional traders, and specialists to disclosures. We investigate reactions to good versus bad news and mandatory versus discretionary announcements. We find that individuals and institutions both have heightened trade activity before disclosures. Institutional trade runs counter to the price reaction to upcoming discretionary disclosures. Institutions' post-announcement trade is consistent with the direction of the price reaction to the announcement, whereas individuals' post-announcement trade runs counter to the price reaction. Although specialists face increased trade pressure both before and after announcements, strong directional imbalances in specialist trade are not observed.
Continuous versus intermittent chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.

3582 Background: The current policy concerning the duration of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) varies considerably (Clin Oncol 1997;9:248) while no benefit of continuous versus intermittent 5-FU was found in a published randomized study (Lancet 2003;361:457). Serious cumulative toxicity is not usually a problem with long-term 5-FU/FA, but this is not the case with contemporary triple regimens (FOLFIRI, FOLFOX). We, therefore, performed a randomized study of continuous versus intermittent FOLFIRI as first line chemotherapy in MCC. METHODS Patients with MCC and ECOG 0-2 were given 6 biweekly courses of FOLFIRI (Irinotecan 180mg/m2 + De Gramont). Patients with response or stable disease were randomized to continue with another 6 FOLFIRI (group A) or discontinue until relapse when 6 FOLFIRI were readministered (group B). Time to progression (TTP) was calculated from study entrance until 1st progression for group A, and 2nd progression for group B, and overall survival (OS) from study entrance until death. RESULTS Fifty eight (M=38, F=20) patients entered into the study. Two (3.4%) withdrew before evaluation, 1 (1.7%) died of stroke, 1 (1.7%) was lost to FU and 15 (26%) progressed before or at the completion of 6 FOLFIRI. Thirty nine (67%) patients (M=25, F=14), median age 69 (38-79) responded (21=54%) or had stable disease (18=46%) and were randomized: 19 (49%) to group A and 20 (51%) to group B. Median TTP was 8 months 95% CI: 5.3-10.7) for group A and 9 (95% CI: 7.8-10) for group B (p=NS). 10/19 (52%) in group A received 2nd line chemotherapy vs 7/20 (35%) in group B (p=NS). With a median follow-up of 13 months, 21 patients are alive (12 in group A and 9 in group B). Median OS was 21 months (95% CI: 15 - 26.7) in group A vs 15 (95% CI: 12.6 - 17.3) in group B (p=NS), and 18 months (95% CI: 15.5 - 21) for all 39 patients. CONCLUSIONS In MCC, when response or stability has been achieved after 6 courses ofFOLFIRI there seemstobe little more benefit from continuing chemotherapy than from retreating patients at relapse No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Peripheral Residential Relocation and Travel Pattern Change

The aim of this article is to identify how residential location affects travel patterns, and specifically how peripheral residential relocation impacts on individual travel patterns. The current research presents findings from a case study of Northwood, the largest new peripheral residential development located on the northern rural/urban fringe of Christchurch, New Zealand. During the 1990s a large amount of rural land was rezoned for urban development in Christchurch, the environmental consequences of which have led to continued political conflict particularly between regional and local tiers of government. In the light of such conflict we investigate how new residential developments, such as Northwood, have influenced changes in modal choice and distances travelled for employment and other purposes. Overall results show a minimal change in travel mode, which remained heavily dominated by the car. However, there was a substantial lengthening of travel distances after residential relocation, although this was found to vary by the purpose of the trip.
Unpacking the Russian and EU Impact on Policy Change in the Eastern Neighbourhood: The Case of Ukraine's Telecommunications and Food Safety

Russia is usually considered as being obstructive to European integration in the EU's Eastern neighbourhood, while the EU is portrayed as being the key promoter of convergence with EU rules. Thus, strong economic dependence on Russia and EU active leverage should account for cross-policy variation in convergence with EU rules. By comparing convergence in Ukraine's telecommunications and food safety regulations, I show that active leverage exerted by Western European multinationals rather than by the EU accounts for divergent outcomes. Further, Russia's ‘bad guy’ image does not hold if we stop treating Russia as a unitary actor but distinguish between passive and active leverage exerted by Russian government policies, the Russian market and Russian multinationals investing in the Eastern neighbourhood countries on domestic policy choices.
Molecular systematics of Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae based on ITS1 and trnL sequences, with special reference to Anchusa s.l.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Boragineae is one of the main tribes of Boraginaceae, but delimitation and intergeneric classification of this group are unclear and have not yet been studied using DNA sequences. In particular, phylogenetic relationships in Anchusa s.l. still need to be elucidated in order to assess its taxonomic boundaries with respect to the controversial segregate genera Hormuzakia, Gastrocotyle, Phyllocara and Cynoglottis. METHODS Phylogenetic relationships among 51 taxa of tribe Boragineae were investigated by comparative sequencing of the trnL(UAA) intron of the plastid genome and of the ITS1 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Exemplar taxa from 16 genera of Boragineae and all subgenera of Anchusa s.l. were included, along with two selected outgroups from tribes Lithospermeae and Cynoglosseae. KEY RESULTS Phylogenies generated by maximum parsimony and combined ITS1-trnL sequences support the monophyly of the tribe and a split into two clades, Pentaglottis and the remainder of Boragineae. The latter contains two large monophyletic groups. The first consists of three moderately to well-supported branches, Borago-Symphytum, Pulmonaria-Nonea and Brunnera. In the Pulmonaria-Nonea subclade, the rare endemic Paraskevia cesatiana is sister to Pulmonaria, and Nonea appears to be paraphyletic with respect to Elizaldia. The second main group corresponds to the well-supported clade of Anchusa s.l. , with the megaphyllic, polyploid herb Trachystemon orientalis as sister taxon, although with low support. Anchusa s.l. is highly paraphyletic to its segregate genera and falls into four subclades: (1) Phyllocara, Hormuzakia, Anchusa subgenus Buglossum and A. subgenus Buglossoides; (2) Gastrocotyle; (3) A. subgenus Buglossellum and Cynoglottis; and (4) A. subgenus Anchusa, Lycopsis and Anchusella. All species of Anchusa subg. Anchusa, including the South African A. capensis, are included in a single unresolved clade. Anchusa subgenus Limbata is also included here despite marked divergence in floral morphology. The low nucleotide variation of ITS1 suggests a recent partly adaptive radiation within this group. CONCLUSIONS Molecular data show that nine of the usually accepted genera of the Boragineae consisting of two or more species are monophyletic: Anchusella, Borago, Brunnera, Cynoglottis, Gastrocotyle, Hormuzakia, Nonea, Pulmonaria and Symphytum. In addition, the tribe includes the four monotypic genera Paraskevia, Pentaglottis, Phyllocara and Trachystemon. The morphologically well-characterized segregate genera in Anchusa s.l. are all confirmed by DNA sequences and should be definitively accepted. Most of the traditionally recognized subgenera of Anchusa are also supported as monophyletic groups by both nuclear and plastid sequence data. In order to bring taxonomy in line with phylogeny, the institution of new, independent generic entities for subgenera Buglossum, Buglossellum and Buglossoides and a narrower but more natural concept of Anchusa are advocated.