Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Nudge?: The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism

The bestselling author of Simpler offers a powerful, provocative, and convincing argument for protecting people from their own mistakes Based on a series of pathbreaking lectures given at Yale University in 2012, this powerful, thought-provoking work by national best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein combines legal theory with behavioral economics to make a fresh argument about the legitimate scope of government, bearing on obesity, smoking, distracted driving, health care, food safety, and other highly volatile, high-profile public issues. Behavioral economists have established that people often make decisions that run counter to their best interests-producing what Sunstein describes as "behavioral market failures. " Sometimes we disregard the long term; sometimes we are unrealistically optimistic; sometimes we do not see what is in front of us. With this evidence in mind, Sunstein argues for a new form of paternalism, one that protects people against serious errors but also recognizes the risk of government overreaching and usually preserves freedom of choice. Against those who reject paternalism of any kind, Sunstein shows that "choice architecture"-government-imposed structures that affect our choices-is inevitable, and hence that a form of paternalism cannot be avoided. He urges that there are profoundly moral reasons to ensure that choice architecture is helpful rather than harmful-and that it makes people's lives better and longer.
Chemosensory Deprivation in Juvenile Coho Salmon Exposed to Dissolved Copper under Varying Water Chemistry Conditions

J E N I F E R K . M C I N T Y R E , † D A V I D H . B A L D W I N , ‡ J A M E S P . M E A D O R , ‡ A N D N A T H A N I E L L . S C H O L Z * , ‡ School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, and NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E. , Seattle, Washington 98112
Supernova Remnants in the Magellanic Clouds. III. An X-Ray Atlas of Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnants

We have used archival ROSAT data to present X-ray images of 31 supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We have classified these remnants according to their X-ray morphologies, into the categories of shell-type, diffuse face, centrally brightened, point-source-dominated, and irregular. We suggest possible causes of the X-ray emission for each category and for individual features of some of the SNRs.
Psychosocial, lifestyle, and health status variables in predicting high attendance among adults.

BACKGROUND Increasing consultation rates have implications for the organisation of health services, the quality of care, and understanding the decision to consult. Most quantitative studies have concentrated on very high attenders--not those attending five or more times a year, who are responsible for most (60%) consultations--and have assessed neither the role of lifestyle nor patients' attitudes. AIMS To assess associations with higher than average attendance (five or more times ayear). DESIGN OF STUDY Postal questionnaire sent to a random sample. SETTING Four thousand adults (one per household) from six general practices. METHOD Data were analysed to identify predictors significantly associated with higher than average attendance. RESULTS The response rate was 74%. Sef-reported attendance agreed with the notes (r = 0.80, likelihood ratio for a positive test = 9.4). Higher attendance was independently predicted by the severity of ill health (COOP score = 0-7, 8-9, and 10+; adjusted odds ratios= 1, 1.72, 1.91 respectively; test for trend P<0.001) and the number of reported medical problems (COOP score = 0, 1, 2, and 3+ respectively; adjusted ORs = 1, 2.05, 2.31, 4.29; P<0.001). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, medical problems, the severity of physical ill health, and other confounders, high attendance was more likely in those with medically unexplained somatic symptoms (0, 1-2, 3-5, and 6+ symptoms respectively, ORs = 1, 1.15, 1.48, and 1.62; P<0.001); health anxiety (Whitely Index = 0, 1-5, 6-7 and 8+ respectively, ORs = 1, 1.22, 1.77, and 2.78; P<0.001); and poor perceived health ('very good', 'good', 'poor' respectively, ORs = 1, 1.61, and 2.93; P<0.001). Attendance was less likely in those with negative attitudes to repeated surgery use (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.47-0.78), or to doctors (Negdoc scale <18, 18-20, and 21+ respectively; ORs = 1, 0.87, 0.67; P<0.001), in those usually trying the pharmacy first (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.78), and those consuming alcohol (0, 1, 2, 3+ units/day respectively; ORs = 1, 0.62, 0.41, 0.29; P<0.001). Anxiety or depression predicted perceived health, unexplained symptoms, and health anxiety. CONCLUSION Strategies to manage somatic symptoms, health anxiety, dealing with the causes of--or treating--anxiety and depression, and encouraging use of the pharmacy have the potential both to help patients manage symptoms and in the decision to consult. Sensitivity to the psychological factors contributing to the decision to consult should help doctors achieve a better shared understanding with their patients and help inform appropriate treatment strategies.
The composition of productive government expenditure: Consequences for economic growth and welfare

Purpose - Recent research supports the role of productive government spending as an important determinant of economic growth. Previous analyses have focused on the separate effects of public investment in infrastructure and on investment in education. This paper aims to introduce both types of public investment simultaneously, enabling the authors to address the trade-offs that resource constraints may impose on their choice. Design/methodology/approach - The authors employ a two-sector endogenous growth model, with physical and human capital. Physical capital is produced in the final output sector, using human capital, physical capital, and government spending on infrastructure. Human capital is produced in the education sector using human capital, physical capital, and government spending on public education. The introduction of productive government spending in both sectors yields an important structural difference from the traditional two-sector growth models in that the relative price of human to physical capital dynamics does not evolve independently of the quantity dynamics. Findings - The model yields both a long-run growth-maximizing and welfare-maximizing expenditure rate and allocation of expenditure on productive capital. The welfare-maximizing rate of expenditure is less than the growth-maximizing rate, with the opposite being the case with regard to their allocation. Moreover, the growth-maximizing value of the expenditure rate is independent of the composition of government spending, and vice versa. Because of the complexity of the model, the analysis of its dynamics requires the use of numerical simulations the specific shocks analyzed being productivity increases. During the transition, the growth rates of the two forms of capital approach their common equilibrium from opposite directions, this depending upon both the sector in which the shock occurs and the relative sectoral capital intensities. Research limitations/implications - These findings confirm that the form in which the government carries out its productive expenditures is important. The authors have retained the simpler, but widely employed, assumption that government expenditure influences private productivity as a flow. But given the importance of public investment suggests that extending this analysis to focus on public capital would be useful. Originality/value - Two-sector models of economic growth have proven to be a powerful tool for analyzing a wide range of issues in economic growth. The originality of this paper is to consider the relative impact of government spending on infrastructure and government spending on human capital and the trade-offs that they entail, both in the long run and over time.
Empowering Children: Children's Rights Education as a Pathway to Citizenship

Approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1989, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child affirms that children in all countries have fundamental rights, including rights to education. To date, 192 states are signatories to or have in some form ratified the accord. Children are still imperilled in many countries, however, and are often not made aware of their guaranteed rights. In Empowering Children, R. Brian Howe and Katherine Covell assert that educating children about their basic rights is a necessary means not only of fulfilling a country? s legal obligations, but also of advancing education about democratic principles and the practice of citizenship. The authors contend that children? s rights education empowers children as persons and as rights-respecting citizens in democratic societies. Such education has a ? contagion effect? that brings about a general social knowledge on human rights and social responsibility. Although there remain obstacles to the implementation of children? s rights in many countries, Howe and Covell argue that reforming schools and enhancing teacher education are absolutely essential to the creation of a new culture of respect toward children as citizens. Their thorough and passionate work marks a significant advance in the field.
Investigation of Mediational Processes Using Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Modeling

This study investigated a method to evaluate mediational processes using latent growth curve modeling. The mediator and the outcome measured across multiple time points were viewed as 2 separate parallel processes. The mediational process was defined as the independent variable influencing the growth of the mediator, which, in turn, affected the growth of the outcome. To illustrate modeling procedures, empirical data from a longitudinal drug prevention program, Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids, were used. The program effects on the growth of the mediator and the growth of the outcome were examined first in a 2-group structural equation model. The mediational process was then modeled and tested in a parallel process latent growth curve model by relating the prevention program condition, the growth rate factor of the mediator, and the growth rate factor of the outcome.
Design Considerations for Volunteer Support in Dementia Care

Volunteers at nursing homes are particularly challenged when interacting with residents who have dementia. Unlike primary caregivers, they often lack sufficient familiarity with the unique needs of the individual with dementia and demonstrate low proficiency in responding to their needs. Many studies have addressed needs of dementia caregivers, but they have almost exclusively focused on primary caregivers who have the advantage of previous experience. In this study, we observed and interviewed 12 first-time volunteers to understand the experience and information needs of non-familial, inexpert caregivers. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: volunteers want support in attaining a mutuality of identity, a sense of achievement and an understanding of the unique needs of each resident. We conclude with implications of these findings for the design of systems to support volunteers as non-primary caregivers.
Positive Association Between Hepatitis C Infection and Oral Cavity Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Objectives The association between viral hepatitis (B and C) and oral cavity cancer has been widely debated. This nationwide, population-based cohort study assessed the subsequent risk of oral cavity cancer among patients with chronic viral hepatitis infection. Materials and Methods Data were retrieved from insurance claims data of 1,000,000 randomly sampled individuals covered under the Taiwan National Health Insurance system. We identified a total of 21,199 adults with chronic viral hepatitis infection (12,369 with HBV alone, 5,311 with HCV alone, and 3,519 with HBV/HCV dual infections) from 2000–2005. Comparison group comprised 84,796 sex- and age-matched subjects without viral hepatitis during the same study period. Incidence and risk of subsequent oral cavity cancer were measured until 2008. Results The incidence of oral cavity cancers was 2.28-fold higher among patients with HCV alone than non-viral hepatitis group (6.15 versus 2.69 per 10,000 person-years). After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, HCV alone was significantly associated with an increased risk for oral cavity cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–3.02). This positive association was highest among individuals in the 40–49-year age group (HR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.21–5.46). However, there were no significant associations between HBV alone or HBV/HCV dual infections and risk for oral cavity cancer. Conclusion Our data suggest that HCV but not HBV infection is a risk factor for oral cavity cancer. In addition, subjects with HCV infection tend to be at early onset risk for oral cavity cancer. This finding needs to be replicated in further studies.
A study of the relationship between emotional intelligence and stress management in the Irish workforce

1 Acknowledgements The researcher would like to thank all those who participated in this research, and also Anne Davis for her patience and guidance during the study. In addition appreciation is forwarded to Esri Ireland who granted access to a subset of their customers already known to the researcher. 5 2 Abstract In the midst of recession, this paper examines previous research which indicated that perceived stress may be moderated by emotional intelligence (" EI "), the emotional dimensions of the Big Five personality measures (extraversion and emotional stability), and personality hardiness, and whether EI is a construct distinct from personality. Across 81 participants from a multitude of work domains, significant correlations in the expected direction were found between EI and perceived stress, with EI accepted as a unique entity despite strong relationships with the emotional dimensions of personality. The hypothesis that perceived stress is negatively correlated with both personality hardiness and the emotional dimensions of personality was rejected. Therefore EI was found to be predictive of better stress management, with potential impacts discussed. 6 3 Introduction The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between stress and a number of moderators of stress, in particular emotional intelligence (" EI ") but also personality hardiness and personality. Participants were drawn from a convenience sample drawn from organisations accessible to the researcher, with the study conducted in the context of local and global recession. EI was first proposed in the psychological press by Salovey and Mayer (1990) as " the ability to monitor one " s own and others " feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one " s thinking and actions ". The study of stress covers a wide area of research study from health psychology to organisational psychology. Although there is limited research in this area there are indications that stress can be moderated by EI (Cheng-Ping although other studies have indicated that EI does not moderate stress (Matthews et al., 2006). Similarly there is much discussion as to whether EI is a concept distinct from IQ or personality: those who think it is Thijs, and Schakel (2002) positively correlated EI with the 5 personality factors known as the " Big Five " , especially extraversion and emotional stability (essentially emotions being minimally disturbed by the environment, also referred to as levels of neuroticism) but also the remaining personality …
Detention and Deportation with Inadequate Due Process: The Devastating Consequences of Juvenile Involvement with Law Enforcement for Immigrant Youth

I.FROM JUVENILE DETENTION TO IMMIGRATION DETENTION: HOW CHILDREN ARE ENSNARED BY ICE ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS 67 A. ICE’s Formal Programs Which Target Both Adults and Youth 68 B. Informal Mechanisms Used by ICE to Identify Juveniles 70 II.IMMIGRATION DETENTION FOR YOUTH 72 A. The History of Immigration Detention for Youth 73 B. ICE Custody 74 C. Custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement 76 D. Youth in Immigration Custody Experience a Loss of Liberty 78 E. Pro bono Model of Legal Representation for Youth in ORR Custody . 80 III.YOUTH TRAPPED BETWEEN COMPETING STATE AND FEDERAL SYSTEMS 82 A. Competing Custodial Systems 82 B. Legal Systems at Odds 84 IV.THE CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE ADJUDICATIONS AND CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS ON THE ABILITY OF YOUTH TO OBTAIN IMMIGRATION RELIEF 87 A. Grounds of Deportability and Inadmissibility 88 B. Immigration Consequences of Juvenile Delinquency Adjudications 90
Balancing vertical integration and strategic outsourcing: effects on product portfolio, product success, and firm performance

Most prior research has focused on vertical integration or strategic outsourcing in isolation to examine their effects on important performance outcomes. In contrast, we focus on the simultaneous pursuit of vertical integration and strategic outsourcing. Our baseline proposition is that balancing vertical integration and strategic outsourcing in the pursuit of taper integration enriches a firm's product portfolio and product success, and in turn contributes to competitive advantage and thus to overall firm performance. We derive a set of detailed hypotheses, and test them on a unique and fine-grained panel of longitudinal data documenting over 3,500 product introductions in the global microcomputer industry. The results provide strong support for the notion that carefully balancing vertical integration and strategic outsourcing when organizing for innovation helps firms to achieve superior performance.
The age-activity-rotation relationship in solar-type stars

We present Ca II K line chromospheric fluxes measured from high-resolution spectra in 35 G dwarf stars of 5 open clusters to determine the age-activity-rotation relationship from the young Hyades and Praesepe (0.6 Gyr) to the old M 67 (∼4.5 Gyr) through the two intermediate age clusters IC 4651 and NGC 3680 (∼1.7 Gyr). The full amplitude of the activity index within a cluster is slightly above 60 % for all clusters but one, NGC 3680, in which only two stars were observed. As a comparison, the same Solar Ca II index varies by ∼40% during a solar cycle. Four of our clusters (Hyades and Praesepe, IC 4651 and NGC 3680) are pairs of twins as far as age is concerned; the Hyades have the same chromospheric-activity level as Praesepe, at odds with early claims based on X-ray observations. Both stars in NGC 3680 are indistinguishable, as far as chromospheric activity is concerned, from those in the coeval IC 4651. This is a validation of the existence of an age-activity relationship. On the other hand, the two intermediate age clusters have the same activity level as the much older M 67 and the Sun. Our data therefore shows that a dramatic decrease in chromospheric activity takes place in solar stars between the Hyades and the IC 4651 age, of about 1 Gyr. Afterwards, activity remains virtually constant for more than 3 Gyr. We have also measured v sini for all of our stars and the average rotational velocity shows the same trend as the chromospheric-activity index. We briefly investigate the impact of this result on the age determinations of field G dwarfs in the solar neighborhood; the two main conclusions are that a consistent group of "young" stars (i.e. as active as Hyades stars) is present, and that it is virtually impossible to give accurate chromospheric ages for stars older than ∼2 Gyr. The observed abrupt decline in activity explains very well the Vaughan-Preston gap.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 5-15-2012 TEAM LEARNING IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT-A LITERATURE REVIEW

Information Systems Development (ISD) is fast moving, knowledge-intensive and requires a substantive amount of teamwork. In order to develop quality software, teams need to leverage the skills and knowledge of each team member. ISD teams who engage in learning at a group level can perform more effectively and efficiently. However, relative to other disciplines, knowledge and literature about team learning in ISD research is new and dispersed. This fact hampers the cumulative progress in research that seeks to answer questions about how ISD teams learn to work together and improve their performance. We draw on and extend the classification scheme of Edmondson et al. (2007) and conduct a review of ISD team learning research literature. We synthesize the main findings and highlight the limitations of existing approaches. We emphasize potential directions for future research while focusing on the resulting implications for ISD management and methodology. We further demonstrate that there are four distinctive streams in ISD team learning research that differ in the manner that they conceptualize team learning, underlying theories, and research methodologies. Finally, we illustrate how these differing streams can cross-fertilize and thereby present notable aspects of team learning presently addressed by related disciplines for which there is scant or non-existent
A Note on How to Realize the Full Potential of the EU-SILC Data

The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) is a rotational panel provided by Eurostat that covers variables with a high potential for comparative European labour market and social research. Unfortunately, its current availability limits its potential research applications. This research note describes these shortcomings of the current data provision. Furthermore, we make two contributions for a better exploitation of these data sets: First, we develop a method for combining the different waves in order to increase the number of usable observations; and second, we indicate how monthly data on income and hourly pay can be derived.
Use of the Peanut Ball to Decrease First and Second Stages of Labor

The purpose for this capstone project was to use a Peanut Ball, to mimic a sitting or squatting position, for decreasing length of first and second stages of labor. In addition, this project was designed to incorporate qualitative data on women’s perception of using the Peanut Ball during labor. The project question was “For laboring women, will use of a Peanut Ball for positioning, as compared to no use of a Peanut Ball, decrease length of first and/or second stages of labor? ” The results included a significantly longer second stage of labor in the intervention group (75.63 minutes) when compared with the control group (57.84 minutes). Qualitative data concluded 64% of women using the Peanut Ball stated it help facilitate progress of labor and 71% would recommend use of the Peanut Ball. Additional findings included the intervention group had a significantly higher (27%) use of passive descent during second stage (laboring down) when compared with the control group (9%). Cesarean section rates were reduced in the first and second months of the study ranging from 8.2% to 6.76%. Limitation included the groups were not homogenous or occurring at the same time. While the study didn’t show a reduction in first or second stages of labor; the Peanut Ball received positive feedback from laboring women. In addition, a longer second stage was associated with an increased number of women using passive descent during second stage of labor and a reduction in primary cesarean section rates.