Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is the Association of Elite Sporting Activities With the Development of Hip Osteoarthritis?

Background: Male athletes participating in certain elite sporting activities may be at an increased risk for development of hip osteoarthritis (OA) later in life. However, the strength of the association of participation in sporting activities with the increased risk of hip OA has not been well summarized. Purpose: To investigate the association of certain high-impact sporting activities with the risk of development of hip OA in elite athletes by conducting a systematic review of the available literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify all potential studies. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, which included participation in elite-level sporting activities, greater than 50% male athletes in the study population, diagnosis of hip OA by radiograph, hospital admission or total hip arthroplasty (THA), and greater than 80% follow-up. Exclusion criteria were recreational sporting activities, primarily female cohorts as there was a dearth of available literature on the topic, and self-reported symptoms without radiographic confirmation of diagnosis. Most studies were with European athletes, where elite-level was defined as involvement in national- or professional-level competition. Results: Participation across elite-level impact sports was associated with increased risk of development of hip OA when compared with matched controls (odds ratio, 1.8-8.7). Twelve of 15 studies reviewed demonstrated an odds ratio of 1.8 or greater of developing hip OA in elite-level athletes. Handball was associated with the highest rate of OA of any sport, nearly 5 times that of matched controls. Soccer players demonstrated between 2 and 9 times increased risk of hip OA as defined by radiography or THA. Hockey players demonstrated 2 to 3 times increased risk of hip OA (THA or hospital admission). Five studies investigating the association of competitive long-distance running with hip OA demonstrated inconsistent results. Conclusion: Currently available literature suggests that male athletes participating in elite impact sports (soccer, handball, track and field, or hockey) are at an increased risk of developing hip OA, while those participating in high-level long-distance running do not have a clearly elevated risk. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathomechanics of development of hip OA in these patients.
Antinociception of Intrathecal Adenosine Receptor Subtype Agonists in Rat Formalin Test

Adenosine has shown antinociceptive action via spinal adenosine receptors. There are four types of adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. We characterized the nature of types of adenosine receptors for the control of nociception at the spinal level. For nociception, formalin solution (5%, 50 &mgr;L) was injected into the hindpaw of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of intrathecal adenosine A1 (CPA), A2A (DPMA), and A3 (IB-MECA) receptor agonists were examined. CPA and IB-MECA produced limited or no effect on the early phase response of the formalin test, respectively, but the two drugs depressed the late phase response. DPMA suppressed both phase responses. CPA was the most potent drug among the three in the late phase. These results suggest that spinal adenosine A1 and A2A receptors may be involved in the modulation of the early and the late phase responses of the formalin test, whereas adenosine A3 receptor may be involved in the regulation of the late phase response.
Minority Threat and Juvenile Court Outcomes

Framed within the racial/ethnic threat thesis, the present research examined the relative effects of the size of minority populations and the ratios of White-to-minority unemployment on intake, adjudication, and judicial disposition decision making within juvenile court proceedings. Communities with greater Black and Hispanic presence and greater economic equality were expected to increase the social control for youth up to a point, where social control would then diminish. These relationships were anticipated to be stronger for Blacks than Hispanics. The overall pattern of results failed to yield support specifically for these hypothesized effects and in general, for the minority threat perspective. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Montelukast for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: a pilot study

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains the major hurdle to improve long‐term survival after lung transplantation, as its treatment remains troublesome. In this pilot study, we investigated the effect of montelukast (a leukotriene receptor antagonist) on the FEV1 decline after diagnosis of BOS and compared this with a control group. In both groups, 11 patients were included with BOS stage <3 and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophilia <15%, already being treated or concurrently being started on azithromycin. Control patients were selected retrospectively. After adding montelukast (10 mg/day) to the immunosuppressive regimen, the FEV1 decline significantly decreased from 112 ± 26 ml/month before BOS diagnosis to 13 ± 13 ml/month after 6 months of montelukast therapy (P = 0.001). In the control group, there was no significant change in the rate of FEV1 decline: 103 ± 20 ml/month before BOS diagnosis to 114 ± 27 ml/month (P = 0.55). Adding montelukast may be a promising treatment option in patients with low neutrophilic (<15%) BOS after lung transplantation, already or concurrently being treated with azithromycin.
Teenagers’ perceptions of communication and ‘good communication’ with peers, young adults, and older adults

Taking an intergroup communication perspective, this study extends previous research into intergenerational communication. Firstly, we widen the respondent base, insofar as much previous research has tended to use college/university student respondents. Here, we asked young teenagers aged 12–16 years about their communication experiences with young adults aged 20–25 years and older adults aged 65–85 years as well as with their own peers. Secondly, we extend previous research on what constitutes ‘good communication’ from teenagers’ perspectives with these particular target groups. Results revealed that against expectations, the teenagers were less likely to differentiate between these age groups in terms of how accommodative, overbearing, and non-communicative the groups were towards them. On these dimensions, the teenagers’ evaluations were quite positive. Regarding how the teenagers themselves communicated with these groups, the teenagers reported that they made efforts to accommodate in various ways, although they did also report some discomfort in their communication with age outgroups. The teenagers reported that they were conscious of age along intergroup dimensions, but this affected their reported satisfaction with conversations with older people rather than with young adults. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research into teenagers’ communication and into young adults’ experiences with teenagers.
Getting Help With Housework

Research on household labor typically has focused on housework performed by spouses, occasionally including children and other household members. Help from outsiders has been studied separately in research on kin networks or paid help. The author investigate conditions under which households receive outside formal or informal help using data for a probability sample of middle-aged and older persons living in a variety of household types. Most housework is performed by household members; outside help with cleaning, yard care, and/or household repair is most common. Households are most likely to accomplish housework internally when they include married couples and more adult members and members of both sexes, there are fewer children, housing is owner occupied, and members are younger and healthier. Higher income increases formal help, whereas local adult children increase informal help. Involvement in other kin, friendship, or neighborhood networks does not influence patterns of housework help.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: socioeconomic inequalities in access and in 30 day mortality. A population-based study in Rome, Italy

OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is equally provided among different socioeconomic status (SES) groups in accordance with need. To estimate the association between SES and mortality occurring 30 days after CABG surgery. DESIGN Individual socioeconomic index assigned with respect to the characteristics of the census tract of residence (level I = highest SES; level IV = lowest SES). Comparison of age adjusted hospital admission rates of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and CABG surgery among four SES groups. Retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent CABG surgery during 1996–97. SETTING Rome (2 685 890 inhabitants) and the seven cardiac surgery units in the city. PARTICIPANTS All residents in Rome aged 35 years or more. A cohort of 1875 CABG patients aged 35 years or more. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age adjusted hospitalisation rates for CABG and IHD and rate of CABG per 100 IHD hospitalisations by SES group, taking level I as the reference group. Odds ratios of 30 day mortality after CABG surgery, adjusted for age, gender, illness severity at admission, and type of hospital where CABG was performed. RESULTS People in the lowest SES level experienced an excess in the age adjusted IHD hospitalisation rates compared with the highest SES level (an excess of 57% among men, and of 94% among women), but the rate of CABG per 100 IHD hospitalisations was lower, among men, in the most socially disadvantaged level (8.9 CABG procedures per 100 IHD hospital admissions in level IV versus 14.1 in level I rate ratio= 0.63; 95% CI 0.44, 0.89). The most socially disadvantaged SES group experienced a higher risk of 30 day mortality after CABG surgery (8.1%) than those in the highest SES group (4.8%); this excess in mortality was confirmed even when initial illness severity was taken into account (odds ratio= 2.89; 95% CI 1.44, 5.80). CONCLUSIONS The universal coverage of the National Health Service in Italy does not guarantee equitable access to CABG surgery for IHD patients. Factors related to SES are likely to influence poor prognosis after CABG surgery.
Four types of coping with COPD-induced breathlessness in daily living: a grounded theory study

Coping with breathlessness is a complex and multidimensional challenge for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and involves interacting physiological, cognitive, affective, and psychosocial dimensions. The aim of this study was to explore how people with moderate to most severe COPD predominantly cope with breathlessness during daily living. We chose a multi-modal grounded theory design that holds the opportunity to combine qualitative and quantitative data to capture and explain the multidimensional coping behaviour among people with COPD. The participants’ main concern in coping with breathlessness appeared to be an endless striving to economise on resources in an effort to preserve their integrity. In this integrity-preserving process, four predominant coping types emerged and were labelled: ‘Overrater’, ‘Challenger’, ‘Underrater’, and ‘Leveller’. Each coping type comprised distinctive physiological, cognitive, affective and psychosocial features constituting coping-type-specific indicators. In theory, four predominant coping types with distinct physiological, cognitive, affective and psychosocial properties are observed among people with COPD. The four coping types seem to constitute a coping trajectory. This hypothesis should be further tested in a longitudinal study.
Frequency of p53 mutations in breast carcinomas from Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 mutations.

BACKGROUND Breast carcinomas occurring in carriers of BRCA1 gene mutations may have a distinctly different pathway of molecular pathogenesis from those occurring in noncarriers. Data from murine models implicate loss of p53 (also known as TP53) gene function as a critical early event in the malignant transformation of cells with a BRCA1 mutation. Therefore, breast tumors from BRCA1 mutation carriers might be expected to exhibit a high frequency of p53 mutations. This study examined the frequency of p53 mutations in the breast tumors of Ashkenazi Jewish carriers and noncarriers of BRCA1 mutations. METHODS Tumor DNA from carriers and noncarriers of BRCA1 mutations was screened for mutations in exons 4 through 10 of the p53 gene by use of the polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the amplified DNA. Direct sequencing was performed on gene fragments that showed altered mobility in SSCP analysis. RESULTS Mutations in the p53 gene were detected in 10 of 13 tumors from BRCA1 mutation carriers versus 10 of 33 tumors from non-carriers (two-sided P = .007). The p53 mutations were distributed throughout exons 4 through 10 and included both protein-truncating and missense mutations in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A statistically significantly higher frequency of p53 mutations was found in breast tumors from carriers of BRCA1 mutations than from noncarriers, which adds to the accumulating evidence that loss of p53 function is an important step in the molecular pathogenesis of BRCA1 mutation-associated breast tumors. This finding may have implications for understanding phenotypic differences and potential prognostic differences between BRCA1 mutation-associated hereditary breast cancers and sporadic cancers.
Group Creativity: The Effects of Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Obligation Motivations

ABSTRACT: Creativity-reducing extrinsic motivation generally has been associated with rewards tied to task performance. However, there is also evidence that creativity-affecting motivation may also result from extrinsic rewards that are not tied to task performance. This type of motivation may be due to feelings of obligation. A research model is developed that examined how such obligation motivation differs from extrinsic and intrinsic motivations in terms of influencing creativity. Given the importance of groups in organizations, the focus is on motivation and creativity within interacting groups. A laboratory experiment is performed that involved groups determining requirements for an academic information system. The results support a conceptual differentiation between the three types of motivation.
Similarities in anti‐racist and racist discourse: Dutch local residents talking about ethnic minorities

Abstract This article discusses the way central liberal‐democratic values and notions are used in an anti‐racist as well as a more racist discourse. Eleven ethnic Dutch adults living in an old inner‐city quarter of Rotterdam spent four evenings discussing the situation in their neighbourhood. Transcripts of the discussions were analysed focusing on the commonplaces used in arguing about ethnic minority groups. The principal aim is to show how values such as freedom, equality, rationality and human rights are used and applied to fit the argument in both an anti‐racist and a more racist discourse. Considering the shared values it is concluded that anti‐racist strategies should be sensitive to actual living conditions in old neighbourhoods.
'Anti-social' Networking in Northern Ireland: Policy Responses to Young People's Use of Social Media for Organizing Anti-social Behavior

Ten years after the Belfast Agreement, Northern Ireland remains a divided society as signified by the persistence and even proliferation of interface areas, often divided by so-called ‘peace walls’ and intermittent conflict between rival communities on either side. Recent media reports have suggested that online interactions between rival interface communities on social networking sites may be undermining efforts to foster better intercommunity relationships. This article explores the extent to which key stakeholders are aware of the use of the Internet by young people to plan street riots in interface areas in Northern Ireland and their responses to this ‘anti-social’ use of sites such as Bebo. It presents evidence to suggest that stakeholder awareness about the extent of the use of social media by young people to organize street riots is based on rumour and hearsay. Key stakeholders report that Internet Safety programmes have received positive feedback from local audiences but concede that they are unlikely have any significant impact upon the level of anti-social behavior in interface areas.
Coping with occupational stress among teachers: a cross-cultural study

S'occuper du stress chez les enseignants est rapidement devenu un objectif majeur dans les ecoles. Au niveau individuel le stress se manifeste par un sentiment de fatigue et par une perte du sommeil. Dans les cas les plus graves par une hypertension et son corrolaire qui touche l'institution scolaire : l'absence. Le sujet de cette etude s'attache au traitement et surtout a la difference de traitement chez les enseignants juifs et arabes en Israel, integrant ainsi un traitement culturel differentiel dans la gestion du stress.
How long did it last? You would better ask a human

In the future, human-like robots will live among people to provide company and help carrying out tasks in cooperation with humans. These interactions require that robots understand not only human actions, but also the way in which we perceive the world. Human perception heavily relies on the time dimension, especially when it comes to processing visual motion. Critically, human time perception for dynamic events is often inaccurate. Robots interacting with humans may want to see the world and tell time the way humans do: if so, they must incorporate human-like fallacy. Observers asked to judge the duration of brief scenes are prone to errors: perceived duration often does not match the physical duration of the event. Several kinds of temporal distortions have been described in the specialized literature. Here we review the topic with a special emphasis on our work dealing with time perception of animate actors versus inanimate actors. This work shows the existence of specialized time bases for different categories of targets. The time base used by the human brain to process visual motion appears to be calibrated against the specific predictions regarding the motion of human figures in case of animate motion, while it can be calibrated against the predictions of motion of passive objects in case of inanimate motion. Human perception of time appears to be strictly linked with the mechanisms used to control movements. Thus, neural time can be entrained by external cues in a similar manner for both perceptual judgments of elapsed time and in motor control tasks. One possible strategy could be to implement in humanoids a unique architecture for dealing with time, which would apply the same specialized mechanisms to both perception and action, similarly to humans. This shared implementation might render the humanoids more acceptable to humans, thus facilitating reciprocal interactions.
Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis: clinical characteristics and association with HLA-DR alleles.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (ReA) to other forms of ReA and rheumatic fever by comparing the frequency of HLA-B27 and DRB1 alleles in these diseases. METHODS The diagnosis of poststreptococcal ReA was established in 25 children seen in a pediatric rheumatology clinic. HLA-B27 and DRB1 genotyping was performed in 18 of the white American patients. The DRB1 genotyping results were compared with those in 33 patients with rheumatic fever and 190 normal individuals. RESULTS HLA-B27 was positive in 3 of the 18 poststreptococcal ReA patients, a frequency not different from that found in normal individuals. Compared with normal controls, the frequency of the DRB1*01 allele was higher in poststreptococcal ReA patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, P=0.044), while DRB1*16 was increased in patients with rheumatic fever (OR 4.3, P=0.028). CONCLUSION The association of poststreptococcal ReA with HLA-DRB1*01, but not with HLA-B27, suggests that its pathogenesis may be more similar to that of rheumatic fever than to that of ReA associated with enteric pathogens.
Glioblastoma Multiforme: Relationship to Subventricular Zone and Recurrence

Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain is active in two areas: the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. Cancer stem cells have been isolated from malignant brain tumors and it is widely believed they arise from transformed endogenous stem cells. We sought to determine if the initial location of glioblastoma (GB) as seen on conventional MRI and its relationship to the subventricular zone (SVZ) predicts the pattern of recurrence. We analyzed the initial (prior to any treatment) and last follow-up MR studies in 49 patients with GB. On post contrast images all non-treated GB were divided into three groups according to the relationship of their enhancing margins to the SVZ: Group I (directly in contact with the SVZ), Group II (in the subcortical [SC] region) and Group III (in both the SVZ and SC regions). Recurrences or continuous growth seen as enhancing areas on follow-up studies were characterized as local, spread, or distant according to their contact with the surgical bed and correlated with the locations of the initial tumors. Local and spread patterns of recurrence occurred with nearly equal frequency (45 and 43% each, respectively) and distant in 12%. In Group I, 80% showed a spread pattern, 20% a local pattern, and none a distant pattern. In Group II, 45% showed a spread pattern, 35% a local pattern, and a 20% distant one. In Group III, 58% showed a local pattern, 33% a spread pattern, and 8% distant one. Unlike other reports, the location of GB in relation to the SVZ in our patients did not predict the pattern of tumor recurrence and/or extension in our patients.
Chemical chaperone therapy for brain pathology in GM1-gangliosidosis

We synthesized a galactose derivative, N-octyl-4-epi-β-valienamine (NOEV), for a molecular therapy (chemical chaperone therapy) of a human neurogenetic disease, β-galactosidosis (GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease). It is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal β-galactosidase in vitro. Addition of NOEV in the culture medium restored mutant enzyme activity in cultured human or murine fibroblasts at low intracellular concentrations, resulting in a marked decrease of intracellular substrate storage. Short-term oral administration of NOEV to a model mouse of juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis, expressing a mutant enzyme protein R201C, resulted in significant enhancement of the enzyme activity in the brain and other tissues. Immunohistochemical stain revealed a decrease in the amount of GM1 and GA1 in neuronal cells in the fronto-temporal cerebral cortex and brainstem. However, mass biochemical analysis did not show the substrate reduction observed histochemically in these limited areas in the brain probably because of the brief duration of this investigation. Chemical chaperone therapy may be useful for certain patients with β-galactosidosis and potentially other lysosomal storage diseases with central nervous system involvement.