Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of plasma beta-amyloid level and cognitive reserve with subsequent cognitive decline.

CONTEXT Lower plasma β-amyloid 42 and 42/40 levels have been associated with incident dementia, but results are conflicting and few have investigated cognitive decline among elders without dementia. OBJECTIVE To determine if plasma β-amyloid is associated with cognitive decline and if this association is modified by measures of cognitive reserve. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 997 black and white community-dwelling older adults from Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who were enrolled in the Health ABC Study, a prospective observational study begun in 1997-1998 with 10-year follow-up in 2006-2007. Participant mean age was 74.0 (SD, 3.0) years; 55.2% (n = 550) were female; and 54.0% (n = 538) were black. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of near-baseline plasma β-amyloid levels (42 and 42/40 measured in 2010) and repeatedly measured Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) results. RESULTS Low β-amyloid 42/40 level was associated with greater 9-year 3MS cognitive decline (lowest β-amyloid tertile: mean change in 3MS score, -6.59 [95% confidence interval [CI], -5.21 to -7.67] points; middle tertile: -6.16 [95% CI, -4.92 to -7.32] points; and highest tertile: -3.60 [95% CI, -2.27 to -4.73] points; P < .001). Results were similar after multivariate adjustment for age, race, education, diabetes, smoking, and apolipoprotein E [APOE ] e4 status and after excluding the 72 participants with incident dementia. Measures of cognitive reserve modified this association whereby among those with high reserve (at least a high school diploma, higher than sixth-grade literacy, or no APOE e4 allele), β-amyloid 42/40 was less associated with multivariate adjusted 9-year decline. For example, among participants with less than a high school diploma, the 3MS score decline was -8.94 (95% CI, -6.94 to -10.94) for the lowest tertile compared with -4.45 (95% CI, -2.31 to -6.59) for the highest tertile, but for those with at least a high school diploma, 3MS score decline was -4.60 (95% CI,-3.07 to -6.13) for the lowest tertile and -2.88 (95% CI,-1.41 to -4.35) for the highest tertile (P = .004 for interaction). Interactions were also observed for literacy (P = .005) and for APOE e4 allele (P = .02). CONCLUSION Lower plasma β-amyloid 42/40 is associated with greater cognitive decline among elderly persons without dementia over 9 years, and this association is stronger among those with low measures of cognitive reserve.
The Effect of the Conceptual Change Oriented Instruction through Cooperative Learning on 4th Grade Students' Understanding of Earth and Sky Concepts.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the conceptual change oriented instruction through cooperative learning (CCICL) and traditional science instruction (TI) on 4th grade students’ understanding of earth and sky concepts and their attitudes toward earth and sky concepts. In this study, 56 fourth grade students from the same elementary school took part. This study included two groups which were taught by the same teacher and selected from six general science classes according to their equality – based characteristics such as size, gender, and the frequency distribution in the analysis of their pre-test results. One of the classes was assigned to the experimental group, which was exposed to conceptual change oriented instruction through cooperative learning; the other class was assigned to the control group, which was exposed to traditional science instruction over a period of eight weeks. In order to determine the effect of the study on dependent variables, achievement related to earth and science concepts was measured with an Earth and Sky Concepts Test and their attitude toward earth and sky concepts was measured with an Attitude Scale Toward Earth and Sky Concepts. The results showed that students who used conceptual change oriented instruction through cooperative learning had a significantly better acquisition of earth and sky concepts than the students who received traditional science instruction. Also, the results indicated that there was no significant difference between post-test mean scores of students taught with CCICL and those taught with TI with respect to their attitude toward earth and sky concepts.
A candidate gene study of tardive dyskinesia in the CATIE schizophrenia trial

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary oro‐facial, limb, and truncal movements. As a genetic basis for inter‐individual variation is assumed, there have been a sizeable number of candidate gene studies. All subjects met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and were randomized to receive antipsychotic medications as participants in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness project (CATIE). TD was assessed via the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale at regular intervals. Probable TD was defined as meeting Schooler–Kane criteria at any scheduled CATIE visit (207/710 subjects, 29.2%). A total of 128 candidate genes were studied in 710 subjects—2,580 SNPs in 118 candidate genes selected from the literature (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA pathways) and composite genotypes for 10 drug‐metabolizing enzymes. No single marker or haplotype association reached statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Thus, we found no support for either novel or prior associations from the literature. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patients Using an Online Forum for Reporting Progress When Engaging With a Six-Week Exercise Program for Knee Conditioning: Feasibility Study

Background The use of electronic health (eHealth) and Web-based resources for patients with knee pain is expanding. Padlet is an online noticeboard that can facilitate patient interaction by posting virtual “sticky notes. ” Objective The primary aim of this study was to determine feasibility of patients in a 6-week knee exercise program using Padlet as an online forum for self-reporting on outcome progression. Methods Undergraduate manual therapy students were recruited as part of a 6-week study into knee conditioning. Participants were encouraged to post maximum effort readings from quadriceps and gluteal home exercises captured from standard bathroom scales on a bespoke Padlet. Experience and progression reporting were encouraged. Posted data were analyzed for association between engagement, entry frequency, and participant characteristics. Individual data facilitated single-subject, multiple-baseline analysis using statistical process control. Experiential narrative was analyzed thematically. Results Nineteen participants were recruited (47%, 9/19 female); ages ranged from 19 to 53 years. Twelve individuals (63%) opted to engage with the forum (range 4-40 entries), with five (42%) reporting across all 6 weeks. Gender did not influence reporting (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.06-6.93). No significant difference manifested between body mass index and engagement P=. 46); age and entry frequency did not correlate (R2=.054, 95% CI –0.42 to 0.51, P=.83). Statistically significant conditioning profiles arose in single participants. Themes of pain, mitigation, and response were inducted from the experiences posted. Conclusions Patients will engage with an online forum for reporting progress when undertaking exercise programs. In contrast to related literature, no significant association was found with reporting and gender, age, or body mass index. Individual posted data allowed multiple-baseline analysis and experiential induction from participants. Conditioning responses were evident on visual inspection. The importance of individualized visual data to patients and the role of forums in monitoring patients’ progress in symptomatic knee pain populations need further consideration.
Teachers’ Conceptions of Gifted and Average-Ability Students on Achievement-Relevant Dimensions

Stereotyping of gifted students may not only hinder identification and actualization of potential but also personality development (“stigma of giftedness”). This is obvious in the case of negative stereotyping (e.g., the disharmony hypothesis, which sees gifted students as intellectually strong, but emotionally and socially inferior), but even overly positive stereotypes (e.g., the harmony hypothesis, which sees gifted students as superior in all respects) may prove harmful in that they put gifted students under pressure. In this study, we examined whether teachers’ conceptions of the gifted are in line with either of these stereotypes. In a between-subjects design using vignettes, 246 German teachers rated fictitious students varying in ability level (gifted/average), gender (girl/boy), and age (8/15 years) on intellectual ability, motivation, prosociality, and maladjustment. Strong measurement invariance across vignette types was demonstrated for all dimensions. A repeated-measures analysis of variance of latent factor scores of the four dimensions showed that teachers considered gifted students more able, but less prosocial and more maladjusted than average-ability students. Whereas higher intellectual ability is in line with empirical findings about the gifted, lower social ability and higher maladjustment are not. Implications for theory, research, and educational practice are discussed.
Prognostic Factors Related to Clinical Response in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated by CTL-Associated Antigen-4 Blockade

Purpose: CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit T-cell activation and helps maintain peripheral self-tolerance. Previously, we showed immune-related adverse events (IRAE) and objective, durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with CTLA-4 blockade. We have now treated 139 patients in two trials and have sufficient follow-up to examine factors associated with clinical response. Experimental Design: A total of 139 patients with metastatic melanoma were treated: 54 patients received ipilimumab in conjunction with peptide vaccinations and 85 patients were treated with intra-patient dose escalation of ipilimumab and randomized to receive peptides in accordance with HLA-A*0201 status. Results: Three patients achieved complete responses (CR; ongoing at 29+, 52+, and 53+ months); an additional 20 patients achieved partial responses (PR) for an overall objective response rate of 17%. The majority of patients (62%, 86 of 139) developed some form of IRAE, which was associated with a greater probability of objective antitumor response (P = 0.0004); all patients with CR had more severe IRAEs. Prior therapy with IFNα-2b was a negative prognostic factor, whereas prior high-dose interleukin-2 did not significantly affect the probability of response. There were no significant differences in the rate of clinical response or development of IRAEs between the two trials. The duration of tumor response was not affected by the use of high-dose steroids for abrogation of treatment-related toxicities (P = 0.23). There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: In patients with metastatic melanoma, ipilimumab can induce durable objective clinical responses, which are related to the induction of IRAEs.
Development of reniform nematode resistance in upland cotton.

Dr. A. Forest Robinson , USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural research Center, College Station, TX Dr. P. Agudelo , Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC Mr. C. A. Avila , Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Dr. A. A. Bell , USDA-ARS, College Station, TX Dr. F. E. Callahan , USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Dr. C. G. Cook , All-Tex Seed/Leveland Delinting, Inc., Victoria, TX Dr. N. D. Dighe , Dep. Soil and Crop Sciences, College Station, TX Dr. O. A. Gutierrez , Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State, MS Dr. R. W. Hayes , USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Dr. J. N. Jenkins , USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Dr. J. T. Johnson , Bayer CropScience, Leland, MS Dr. R. Kantety , Fac. Forestry, Normal, AL Dr. G. W. Lawrence , Dep. Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State, MS Dr. K. S. Lawrence , Dep. Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn, AL Ms. L. Mangineni , Dep. Agronomy and Soils, Auburn, AL Dr. J. C. McCarty , USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Dr. M. A. Menz , Dep. Soil and Crop Sciences, College Station, TX Dr. W. A. Meredith Jr. , USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS Dr. R. N. Nichols , Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC Dr. R. T. Robbins , Dep. of Plant Pathology, Fayetteville, AR Dr. E. Sacks , USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS Dr. B. Scheffler , USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS Dr. G. L. Sciumbato , Dep. Entomology and Plant Pathology, Stoneville, MS Dr. C. W. Smith , Dep. Soil and Crop Sciences, College Station, TX Dr. J. L. Starr , Dep. Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College Station, TX Dr. D. M. Stelly , Dep. Soil and Crop Sciences, College Station, TX Dr. S. R. Stetina , USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS Dr. J. McD. Stewart , Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Dr. P. M. Thaxton , Dep. Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State, MS Dr. T. P. Wallace , Dep. Plant and Soil Sciences, MIssissippi State, MS Dr. D. B. Weaver , Dep. Agronomy and Soils, Auburn, AL Dr. M. J. Wubben , USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Dr. L. D. Young , USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS
School-based sports development and the role of NSOs as ‘boundary spanners’: benefits, disbenefits and unintended consequences of the Sporting Schools policy initiative

ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on Sporting Schools, a $100 million policy initiative intended to increase children’s sport participation in Australia. Our account seeks to proffer a critical analysis of this federal policy, and the way it functions as part of the new heterarchical or networked form of sports governance in Australia. Using a network ethnography methodology, we analyse Sporting Schools from the perspective of National Sporting Organisations (NSOs), who have the key responsibility for enacting this policy. Using their perceptions, we reflect on their role as policy ‘boundary spanners’ and outline the complexities they face in creating ‘win-win’ scenarios so that schools, students, government and NSOs themselves all benefit from the Sporting Schools initiative. We argue that NSOs have to balance benefits and disbenefits and face tension between their desire for tight quality control of their school-based sports programmes and the need to have a cost-effective funding model for maximum exposure to schools and students. In conclusion, we reflect on the unintended consequences of enacting the policy in its current form, including issues of teaching and coaching expertise, the potential displacement of the educative value of PE in favour of school sport, and the opening of this public policy space to commercial providers on a for-profit basis.
Curcumin reverses diabetes‐induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction by enhancing MnSOD expression and activity in vitro and in vivo

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), resulting in impaired wound healing. EPC therapy is a potential substitute to the current treatments of chronic wounds. Because EPCs isolated from diabetic patients are dysfunctional and therefore pose an obstacle in their efficacious employment in autologous cell therapy, a strategy to rescue them prior to transplantation would be expected to improve the efficacy of autologous cell therapy multifold. Compromised reactive oxygen species scavenging ability being the main cause of EPC dysfunction (EPCD), reactive oxygen species scavengers are likely to reverse or rescue EPCD. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the potential of curcumin in reversing DM‐induced EPCD. We found that in vitro treatment of bone marrow EPCs from diabetic mice (D‐EPC) with curcumin restored their functionality, as judged by colony formation, tubule formation, and migration assays. Most importantly, autologous transplantation of curcumin‐treated D‐EPCs onto diabetic wounds also resulted in accelerated wound healing. Furthermore, curcumin‐treated diabetic mice exhibited improved wound healing, as compared with their vehicle‐treated diabetic counterparts, underscoring the efficacy of curcumin in vivo as well. The levels and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in D‐EPCs treated in vitro with curcumin or those isolated from curcumin‐treated diabetic mice were comparable with those in non‐diabetic EPCs. Addition of methyl mercury chloride to inhibit MnSOD activity during curcumin treatment abolished the salutary effects of curcumin. Our data demonstrate that curcumin reverses DM‐induced EPCD by boosting MnSOD expression and activity and emphasizes its potential for use in autologous cell therapy for diabetic wound management.
BNPMDA: Bipartite Network Projection for MiRNA–Disease Association prediction

Motivation A large number of resources have been devoted to exploring the associations between microRNAs (miRNAs) and diseases in the recent years. However, the experimental methods are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, the computational methods to predict potential miRNA-disease associations have been paid increasing attention. Results In this paper, we proposed a novel computational model of Bipartite Network Projection for MiRNA-Disease Association prediction (BNPMDA) based on the known miRNA-disease associations, integrated miRNA similarity and integrated disease similarity. We firstly described the preference degree of a miRNA for its related disease and the preference degree of a disease for its related miRNA with the bias ratings. We constructed bias ratings for miRNAs and diseases by using agglomerative hierarchical clustering according to the three types of networks. Then, we implemented the bipartite network recommendation algorithm to predict the potential miRNA-disease associations by assigning transfer weights to resource allocation links between miRNAs and diseases based on the bias ratings. BNPMDA had been shown to improve the prediction accuracy in comparison with previous models according to the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) results of three typical cross validations. As a result, the AUCs of Global LOOCV, Local LOOCV and 5-fold cross validation obtained by implementing BNPMDA were 0.9028, 0.8380 and 0.8980 ± 0.0013, respectively. We further implemented two types of case studies on several important human complex diseases to confirm the effectiveness of BNPMDA. In conclusion, BNPMDA could effectively predict the potential miRNA-disease associations at a high accuracy level. Availability and implementation BNPMDA is available via http://www.escience. cn/system/file? fileId=99559. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women

Pregnant women with opioid use disorder can be treated with methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone to reduce opioid use and improve retention to treatment. In this review, we compare the pregnancy outcomes of methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone in clinical trials and discuss the potential behavioral and developmental effects of these agents seen in offspring in animal studies. Important clinical considerations in the management of opioid use disorder in pregnant women and their infants are also discussed. Outside of pregnancy, buprenorphine is used in combination with naloxone to reduce opioid abuse and diversion. During pregnancy, however, the use of buprenorphine as a single agent is preferred to prevent prenatal naloxone exposure. Both methadone and buprenorphine are widely used to treat opioid use disorder; however, compared with methadone, buprenorphine is associated with shorter treatment duration, less medication needed to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) symptoms, and shorter hospitalizations for neonates. Despite being the standard of care, medication‐assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine is still underused, making it apparent that more options are necessary. Naltrexone is not a first‐line treatment primarily because both detoxification and an opioid‐free period are required. More research is needed to determine naltrexone safety and benefits in pregnant women. Animal studies suggest that changes in pain sensitivity, developmental processes, and behavioral responses may occur in children born to mothers receiving methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone and is an area that warrants future studies.
Big money collegiate sports : Racial concentration, contradictory pressures, and academic performance

This study examines differences in educational performance between revenue- and nonrevenue-producing athletes at the collegiate level, and the extent to which this gap is a function of background attributes and institutional pressures surrounding athletic participation. We also consider the racial implications of these patterns given the disproportionate concentration of African Americans in big-money collegiate sports. Analyses draw from the NCAA's 1987-88 National Study of Intercollegiate Athletes, and employ OLS and logistic regression techniques. Findings reveal disparities among revenue- and nonrevenue-producing athletes in terms of proximate academic difficulties (i.e., having to repeat a class, being put on probation) and long-term achievement (i.e., grade point average). While these patterns are partially a function of the concentration of poorer and African American students in revenue-generating sports, they are also due to institutional pressures, including time use, difficulty in managing time, and level of competitive intensity. Implications for whether collegiate sports provide a straightforward educational opportunity or whether, in fact, contradictory institutional pressures undermine potential academic success are discussed
Differing amygdala responses to facial expressions in children and adults with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE Child and adult bipolar patients show both behavioral deficits in face emotion processing and abnormal amygdala activation. However, amygdala function in pediatric relative to adult bipolar patients has not been compared directly. The authors used functional MRI to compare amygdala activity during a face processing task in children and adults with bipolar disorder and in healthy comparison subjects. METHOD Amygdala responses to emotional facial expressions were examined in pediatric (N=18) and adult (N=17) bipolar patients and in healthy child (N=15) and adult (N=22) volunteers. Participants performed a gender identification task while viewing fearful, angry, and neutral faces. RESULTS In response to fearful faces, bipolar patients across age groups exhibited right amygdala hyperactivity relative to healthy volunteers. However, when responses to all facial expressions were combined, pediatric patients exhibited greater right amygdala activation than bipolar adults and healthy children. CONCLUSIONS Amygdala hyperactivity in response to fearful faces is present in both youths and adults with bipolar disorder. However, compared with bipolar adults and healthy child volunteers, pediatric bipolar patients showed amygdala hyperactivity in response to a broad array of emotional faces. Thus, abnormal amygdala activation during face processing appears to be more pervasive in children than in adults with bipolar disorder. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of this developmental difference, thus facilitating developmentally sensitive diagnosis and treatment.