Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the frizzle gene (F) on egg production and egg quality of laying hens kept in tropical villages

Abstract 1. Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the frizzle gene (F) on the production and quality of chicken eggs kept on village farms in Ghana. 2. In the first experiment, 144 pullets, 72 each of Ff and ff pullets from F1 birds, were compared in a randomised complete block design (RCBD), with three villages and 4 batches of hatch as blocks and the two feather genotypes (Ff and ff) as the treatments. 3. The Ff pullets were superior (P < 0.05) to their ff counterparts in terms of the number of eggs per clutch, egg mass and hen-housed and hen-d rates of lay, whereas age at first egg was lower (P < 0.05) in ff layers compared to Ff ones. 4. The eggs of the F1 heterozygous frizzle (Ff) layers had higher values for albumen height, Haugh unit and yolk height compared with eggs from their normal feathered counterparts. 5. In the second experiment, 144 pullets, 48 each of FF, Ff and ff pullets, were compared in a RCBD, with three villages and 4 batches of hatch as blocks and the two feather genotypes (Ff and ff) as the treatments. 6. The F2 birds with genotypes Ff and FF were better than their ff counterparts in terms of the number of eggs per clutch, egg mass, and hen-housed and hen-d rates of lay. Age at first egg was significantly lower in ff layers compared to FF and Ff ones. 7. The Haugh unit value was higher in the homozygous and heterozygous frizzles compared to the normal feathered ones. 8. The presence of the frizzle gene (F) in egg type chickens led to an improvement in egg production and egg quality traits in village chickens, and the cross-breeding scheme evaluated in this project could contribute to improved productivity.
Long-Term Coastal Upwelling over a Continental Shelf–Slope

Abstract Long-term coastal upwelling over a continental shelf-slope with emphasis on the planetary dispersion of Rossby waves is studied with numerical models. The ocean is forced by a wind stress with a limited longshore extent. The thermocline intersects the shelf–slope and the internal radius of deformation is smaller than the width of the shelf-slope. Two case studies with and without the β effect are studied. lie early-stage response within a week or so is similar between the two. For an f-plane case, the whole-stage response is accounted for by coastal-trapped wave dynamics, and only equatorward flow exists over the shelf–slope at an advanced stage. However, inclusion of the β effect leads to a significant change in the alongshore flow pattern at the advanced stage. Due to the westward Rossby dispersion of the equatorward flow associated with the first and second coastal-trapped mode responses, the poleward undercurrent develops in the thermocline layer over the shelf. The time for the undercurrent .
The three‐dimensional structure of cumulus clouds over the ocean: 1. Structural analysis

Thermal channel (channel 6, 10.4–12.5 μm) images of five Landsat thematic mapper cumulus scenes over the ocean are examined. These images are thresholded using the standard International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project thermal threshold algorithm. The individual clouds in the cloud fields are segmented to obtain their structural statistics which include size distribution, orientation angle, horizontal aspect ratio, and perimeter-to-area (PtA) relationship. It is found that the cloud size distributions exhibit a double power law with the smaller clouds having a smaller absolute exponent. The cloud orientation angles, horizontal aspect ratios, and PtA exponents are found in good agreement with earlier studies. A technique also is developed to recognize individual cells within a cloud so that statistics of cloud cellular structure can be obtained. Cell structural statistics are computed for each cloud. Further examination reveals that unicellular clouds are generally smaller (≤ 1 km) and have smaller PtA exponents, while multicellular clouds are larger (≥ 1 km) and have larger PtA exponents. Cell structural statistics are similar to those of the smaller clouds. Each cell is approximated as a quadric surface using a linear least squares fit. Most cells are found to have the shape of a hyperboloid of one sheet. However, about 15% of the cells are best modeled by a hyperboloid of two sheets. Contrary to intuition, less than 1% of the clouds are found to be ellipsoidal. The number of cells in a cloud is found to increase slightly faster than linearly with increasing cloud size. The mean nearest neighbor distance between cells in a cloud, however, appears to increase linearly with increasing cloud size and to reach a maximum when the cloud effective diameter is about 10 km; then it decreases with increasing cloud size. Sensitivity studies of threshold and lapse rate show that neither has a significant impact upon the results. A goodness-of-fit ratio is used to provide a quantitative measure of the individual cloud results. Significantly improved results are obtained after applying a smoothing operator, suggesting that eliminating subresolution scale variations with higher spatial resolution may yield even better shape analyses.
Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To review trastuzumab-related cardiotoxic effects in the breast cancer adjuvant setting, present a system for pretreatment screening for cardiovascular risk factors, describe monitoring recommendations, provide a tool to facilitate adherence to monitoring guidelines, and discuss implications for patient education. DATA SOURCES Literature regarding cardiotoxicity and trastuzumab in breast cancer. DATA SYNTHESIS Trastuzumab was approved in 2006 for use in the adjuvant setting. A small percentage of women (approximately 4%) developed heart failure during or after treatment. However, the trials excluded women with cardiac disease. Current screening for cardiotoxicity relies on sequential left ventricular function measurements with either echocardiography or multigated acquisition scanning at baseline and every three months. Treatment modifications are recommended if changes from baseline are detected. Long-term and late effects have yet to be determined. CONCLUSIONS Although a small number of women experienced cardiotoxicity in the adjuvant setting, an increase may be seen because women with preexisting heart disease receive this treatment. Guidelines and tools will be helpful for appropriate and consistent screening of cardiac risk factors and disease prior to initiation of trastuzumab and for monitoring during and after administration. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses are instrumental in assessing, monitoring, and treating women receiving trastuzumab. Implementing guidelines to promote adherence to recommended monitoring is important in the early detection of cardiotoxicity in this population. Educating women about their treatment and side effects is an important aspect of care.
Lateral and vertical variations in the wind‐driven circulation in long, shallow lakes

Solutions are derived for the steady state lateral and vertical variations of horizontal velocity in a long, shallow, wind-driven basin, using both linear viscous and mixing length assumptions. The bathymetry is represented by a depth distribution function which describes the occurrence of different depths over a cross-section of the basin. It is shown that the relative importance of the lateral (depth-integrated) and overturning (vertically varying) circulations is dependent mainly on the bottom roughness and on the shape of the depth distribution. For natural bathymetries, the lateral circulation is generally dominant and becomes increasingly so as the bottom roughness decreases or as the depth distribution becomes broader. It is found that natural bathymetries can be characterized, in this context, by a single dimensionless number, related to the moments of the depth distribution.
Late cytomegalovirus infection after oral ganciclovir prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience with a consecutive group of 41 renal transplant recipients (R) who received a kidney from a cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive donor (D+) and had 3 months of prophylaxis with oral ganciclovir. Patients were prospectively monitored clinically and with determinations of CMV antigenemia for at least 6 months. Patients were followed for a mean period of 247±16 days. CMV antigenemia developed in 51% of patients (53% D+R−, 47% D+R+) after the transplant, but in no case was antigenemia seen during the period of oral ganciclovir therapy. Antigenemia developed at a median of 167 days post transplant (range 99–522 days) and peak antigen counts ranged from <1–3940, and tended to be higher in D+R− recipients. Infection was symptomatic in 67% of the antigenemic patients and symptoms tended to be more marked in the D+/R− than in the D+/R+ group. All symptomatic patients were treated with intravenous ganciclovir (21 days) followed by 9 weeks of oral ganciclovir and responded with resolution of symptoms and antigenemia. No evidence of tissue‐invasive disease was seen. Recurrence of antigenemia was observed exclusively in the D+R− group, occurred with less severe manifestations of CMV infection, and invariably responded to retreatment with ganciclovir. Our results suggest that oral ganciclovir prophylaxis is effective in preventing CMV infection during the 3‐month period of prophylaxis, that a 3‐month period of prophylaxis appears to be sufficient for D+R+ recipients, but a longer period of oral ganciclovir prophylaxis may be needed in D+R− recipients. Clinicians caring for renal transplant recipients should be vigilant to the possibility of late CMV infection, especially in D+R− recipients.
Concentraciones de metales pesados en distintos compartimentos de lagos andinos de Patagonia Norte

Heavy metal concentrations in different compartments of Andean lakes of Northern Patagonia: Trace elements, including heavy metals, can reach the aquatic ecosystems from natural or anthropogenic sources. Heavy metals are amongst the most important environmental contaminants due to its toxicity, permanency and its tendency to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Because of those factors it is important to study these elements to assess the environmental risk they represent to the aquatic ecosystems of the region. The objective of this work is to present the most relevant results concerning the levels of heavy metals in different compartments of lakes in Northwestern Patagonia. These results allow the analysis of trace element concentrations in sediment cores, suspended sediments, water, plankton, macroinvertebrates and fish muscle and
Recent land-use/land-cover change in the Central California Valley

Open access to Landsat satellite data has enabled annual analyses of modern land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) for the Central California Valley ecoregion between 2005 and 2010. Our annual LULCC estimates capture landscape-level responses to water policy changes, climate, and economic instability. From 2005 to 2010, agriculture in the region fluctuated along with regulatory-driven changes in water allocation as well as persistent drought conditions. Grasslands and shrublands declined, while developed lands increased in former agricultural and grassland/shrublands. Development rates stagnated in 2007, coinciding with the onset of the historic foreclosure crisis in California and the global economic downturn. We utilized annual LULCC estimates to generate interval-based LULCC estimates (2000–2005 and 2005–2010) and extend existing 27 year interval-based land change monitoring through 2010. Resulting change data provides insights into the drivers of landscape change in the Central California Valley ecoregion and represents the first, continuous, 37 year mapping effort of its kind.
Link Label Prediction in Signed Social Networks

Online social networks continue to witness a tremendous growth both in terms of the number of registered users and their mutual interactions. In this paper, we focus on online signed social networks where positive interactions among the users signify friendship or approval, whereas negative interactions indicate antagonism or disapproval. We introduce a novel problem which we call the link label prediction problem: Given the information about signs of certain links in a social network, we want to learn the nature of relationships that exist among the users by predicting the sign, positive or negative, of the remaining links. We propose a matrix factorization based technique MF-LiSP that exhibits strong generalization guarantees. We also investigate the applicability of logistic regression [8] in this setting. Our experiments on Wiki-Vote, Epinions and Slashdot data sets strongly corroborate the efficacy of these approaches.
Characterizing rainfall‐runoff signatures from micro‐catchments with contrasting land cover characteristics in southern Amazonia

On the basis of interactions between landscape characteristics and precipitation inputs, watersheds respond differently to different climatic inputs. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize controls on runoff generation from two first order micro‐catchments in the Amazonia region. The study investigated the variation of hydrological signatures at micro‐catchment scale and related these to landscape and land cover differences and weather descriptors that control the observed responses. One catchment is a pasture cleared of all natural vegetation in the early 1980s, and the second catchment is a primary tropical forest with minor signs of disturbance. Water levels and meteorological variables were continuously monitored during the study period (December 2012–May 2013). Water level measurements were converted to discharge, evapotranspiration was quantified using Penman–Monteith equation and catchment pedohydrological properties were also determined. During the study period, mean total rainfall was 1200 mm, and direct runoff ratios were 0.29 and 0.12 for the pasture and forest catchments, respectively. Base flow index was relatively high in the forest catchment (0.76) compared with pasture catchment (0.63). Results from this study showed that the pasture catchment had a 35% higher mean stream flow. Analysis of selected individual rainstorm events also showed peak discharges, which were attained much faster in the pasture catchment compared with the forest catchment. At both sites, rainfall‐runoff responses were highly dependent on surface and subsurface flow generation. Overland flow was observed in the pasture site during intense rainfall events. The pasture catchment exhibited higher event water contribution than the forest catchment. Findings from this research suggest that shallow lateral pathways play a significant role in controlling runoff generation processes in the forest catchment, whereas infiltration excess runoff generation processes dominate in the pasture catchment. The findings in this study suggest that the conversion of forest to pasture may lead to important changes in runoff generation processes and water storage in these head water catchments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-resolution, multiproxy palaeoenvironmental changes recorded from Two Mile Lake, southern Western Australia: implications for Ramsar-listed playa sites

Numerous saline playa lakes exist across the arid, semiarid and temperate regions of Australia. These playa lakes exhibit a diverse range of hydrological conditions to which the Australian aquatic invertebrate biota have become adapted and which the biota can utilise as refugia in times of hydrological deterioration. Saline playas also yield palaeoenvironmental records that can be used to infer lacustrine and catchment responses to environmental variability. We present a palaeoenvironmental record recovered from Two Mile Lake, a saline playa from southern Western Australia. Dating, based on quartz optical luminescence and 14C accelerator mass spectrometry of biogenic carbonates and organic fibres, suggests that most of the sediment was rapidly deposited at 4.36 ± 0.25 thousand years ago. Ostracods and non-marine foraminifera preserved in the sediment show periods of faunal colonisation of the lake with oscillations between hypersaline and oligosaline conditions. The geochemistry of ostracod valves and foraminifera tests suggests higher-frequency variability within the lake, and palynological changes indicate landscape changes, possibly in response to fire. The Two Mile Lake record highlights the utility of saline playas as archives of environmental change that can be used to guide wetland health management, particularly under the impacts of a changing climate.
Crusted scabies due to indiscriminate use of glucocorticoid therapy in infant*

Crusted or Norwegian scabies is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis that mainly affects immunocompromised individuals and those with neurological patients. We report a case of crusted scabies in a 4-month-old infant who had been treated erroneously for atopic dermatitis with high doses of corticosteroids. This initial misdiagnosis associated with the abusive use of corticosteroid facilitated the evolution of scabies to crusted scabies and its main complications of secondary infection and sepsis.
Monitoring Compliance and Acceptability of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria Using Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine after Ten Years of Implementation in Tanzania

Intermittent preventive treatment using SP (IPTp-SP) is still a superior interventional approach to control malaria during pregnancy. However its rate of use has gone down tremendously in malaria endemic areas. This study forms part of a larger study aimed at monitoring the compliance of IPTp-SP policy in malaria endemic areas of Tanzania. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in Dar es Salaam and Njombe Regions of Tanzania. Overall, 540 pregnant women and 21 healthcare workers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. This study revealed that 63% of women were not willing to take SP during pregnancy while 91% would only take it if they tested positive for malaria during antennal visits. 63% of the interviewed women did not know the recommended dose of SP required during pregnancy, despite the fact that 82% of the women were aware of the adverse effect of malaria during pregnancy. It was found out that 54% of pregnant women (30–40 weeks) took single dose, 34% took two doses, and 16% did not take SP at the time of interview. It was also found that SP was not administered under direct observed therapy in 86% of women. There was no significant relationship between number of doses received by pregnant women and antenatal clinic (ANC) start date (r2 = 0.0033, 95% CI (−0.016 to 0.034)). However positive correlation between drug uptake and drug availability was revealed (p = 0.0001). Knowledge on adverse effects of placental malaria among pregnant women was significantly associated with drug uptake (OR 11.81, 95% CI (5.755–24.23), p = 0.0001). We conclude that unavailability of drugs in ANC is the major reason hindering the implementation of IPTp-SP.
Exhaled NO is a poor marker of asthma control in children with a reported use of asthma medication: a pharmacy‐based study

To cite this article: Vijverberg SJH, Koster ES, Koenderman L, Arets HGM, van der Ent CK, Postma DS, Koppelman GH, Raaijmakers JAM, Maitland‐van der Zee A‐H. Exhaled NO is a poor marker of asthma control in children with a reported use of asthma medication: a pharmacy‐based study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 529–536.
In situ and space‐based observations of the Kelud volcanic plume: The persistence of ash in the lower stratosphere

Volcanic eruptions are important causes of natural variability in the climate system at all time scales. Assessments of the climate impact of volcanic eruptions by climate models almost universally assume that sulfate aerosol is the only radiatively active volcanic material. We report satellite observations from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite after the eruption of Mount Kelud (Indonesia) on 13 February 2014 of volcanic materials in the lower stratosphere. Using these observations along with in situ measurements with the Compact Optical Backscatter AerosoL Detector (COBALD) backscatter sondes and optical particle counters (OPCs) made during a balloon field campaign in northern Australia, we find that fine ash particles with a radius below 0.3 µm likely represented between 20 and 28% of the total volcanic cloud aerosol optical depth 3 months after the eruption. A separation of 1.5–2 km between the ash and sulfate plumes is observed in the CALIOP extinction profiles as well as in the aerosol number concentration measurements of the OPC after 3 months. The settling velocity of fine ash with a radius of 0.3 µm in the tropical lower stratosphere is reduced by 50% due to the upward motion of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation resulting a doubling of its lifetime. Three months after the eruption, we find a mean tropical clear‐sky radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere from the Kelud plume near −0.08 W/m2 after including the presence of ash; a value ~20% higher than if sulfate alone is considered. Thus, surface cooling following volcanic eruptions could be affected by the persistence of ash and should be considered in climate simulations.
MicroRNA‐196A‐2 polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA (miR)‐196a‐2 have been suggested to contribute to susceptibility to various human cancers. The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of miRNA‐196a‐2 affect the clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Korean patients. Genotyping was performed for 1,439 Korean patients with either past or present HBV infection, including 404 control subjects who underwent spontaneous recovery and 1,035 subjects with chronic HBV (313 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 305 cases of cirrhosis of the liver, and 417 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]). Genotyping results revealed that the polymorphism rs12304647A>C, which lies in the pri‐miRNA region of miR‐196a‐2, has a significant minor allele frequency (0.210). Logistic analysis revealed that the rs12304647A>C SNP was associated with a significant protective effect against HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.70, P = 0.005 in a codominant model; OR = 0.73, P = 0.03 in a dominant model; OR = 0.31, P = 0.004 in a recessive model), and in the patients with cirrhosis (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0009 in a codominant model; OR = 0.66, P = 0.01 in a dominant model; OR = 0.25, P = 0.001 in a recessive model). A Cox relative hazards model with adjustments for age, gender, HBeAg status, and cirrhosis revealed that rs12304647A>C retained its association with HCC in a codominant model (relative hazards [RH] = 1.14, P = 0.05) and in a recessive model (RH = 1.44, P = 0.03). However, the miR‐196a‐2 rs12304647A>C SNP had no association with HBV clearance. In conclusion, the miR‐196a‐2 rs12304647 CC genotype had a protective effect against development of HCC in comparison to the AA or AC genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. J. Med. Virol. 86:446–453, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.