Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Mathematical Theory of Super‐resolution

This paper develops a mathematical theory of super‐resolution. Broadly speaking, super‐resolution is the problem of recovering the fine details of an object—the high end of its spectrum—from coarse scale information only—from samples at the low end of the spectrum. Suppose we have many point sources at unknown locations in [0,1] and with unknown complex‐valued amplitudes. We only observe Fourier samples of this object up to a frequency cutoff fc. We show that one can super‐resolve these point sources with infinite precision—i.e., recover the exact locations and amplitudes—by solving a simple convex optimization problem, which can essentially be reformulated as a semidefinite program. This holds provided that the distance between sources is at least 2/fc. This result extends to higher dimensions and other models. In one dimension, for instance, it is possible to recover a piecewise smooth function by resolving the discontinuity points with infinite precision as well. We also show that the theory and methods are robust to noise. In particular, in the discrete setting we develop some theoretical results explaining how the accuracy of the super‐resolved signal is expected to degrade when both the noise level and the super‐resolution factor vary. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revisiting hybrid and GMM-HMM system combination techniques

In this paper we investigate techniques to combine hybrid HMM-DNN (hidden Markov model - deep neural network) and tandem HMM-GMM (hidden Markov model - Gaussian mixture model) acoustic models using: (1) model averaging, and (2) lattice combination with Minimum Bayes Risk decoding. We have performed experiments on the “TED Talks” task following the protocol of the IWSLT-2012 evaluation. Our experimental results suggest that DNN-based and GMM-based acoustic models are complementary, with error rates being reduced by up to 8% relative when the DNN and GMM systems are combined at model-level in a multi-pass automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Additionally, further gains were obtained by combining model-averaged lattices with the one obtained from baseline systems.
Critical assessment of high-throughput standalone methods for secondary structure prediction

Sequence-based prediction of protein secondary structure (SS) enjoys wide-spread and increasing use for the analysis and prediction of numerous structural and functional characteristics of proteins. The lack of a recent comprehensive and large-scale comparison of the numerous prediction methods results in an often arbitrary selection of a SS predictor. To address this void, we compare and analyze 12 popular, standalone and high-throughput predictors on a large set of 1975 proteins to provide in-depth, novel and practical insights. We show that there is no universally best predictor and thus detailed comparative studies are needed to support informed selection of SS predictors for a given application. Our study shows that the three-state accuracy (Q3) and segment overlap (SOV3) of the SS prediction currently reach 82% and 81%, respectively. We demonstrate that carefully designed consensus-based predictors improve the Q3 by additional 2% and that homology modeling-based methods are significantly better by 1.5% Q3 than ab initio approaches. Our empirical analysis reveals that solvent exposed and flexible coils are predicted with a higher quality than the buried and rigid coils, while inverse is true for the strands and helices. We also show that longer helices are easier to predict, which is in contrast to longer strands that are harder to find. The current methods confuse 1-6% of strand residues with helical residues and vice versa and they perform poorly for residues in the β- bridge and 3(10)-helix conformations. Finally, we compare predictions of the standalone implementations of four well-performing methods with their corresponding web servers.
Fluorescence spectra of cardiac myosin and in vivo experiment: studies on daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Objective(s): The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of daunorubicin (DNR) and cardiac myosin (CM) and the changes in mice hearts to exhibit DNR-induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The interaction between DNR and CM was expressed using fluorescence quenching at pH 4.0-9.0 and 15-37 °C. DNR-induced cardiotoxicity was studied using in vivo experiment. Forty groups mice were used control group in which mice were treated with DNR orally, and three DNR-treated groups in which mice were injected intraperitoneally with DNR at seven bolus doses of 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Heart indices and myocardial enzyme levels were obtained by histopathological and biochemical analysis. Results: The fluorescence quenching mechanism of DNR-CM complex was observed to be a static procedure at 20 °C (pH 7.4), and weakly acidic environment (pH 4.0-6.0) or higher temperature (30-37 °C) promoted the interaction between DNR and CM, causing variations in conformation and normal physiological functions of CM. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the binding of DNR to CM was a spontaneous process driven by entropy. It also indicated that hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds may play essential roles in the combination of DNR with CM. In addition, 4.0-6.0 mg/kg DNR-treated mice exhibited obvious histopathological lesion, increase in myocardial enzyme level, and reductions in blood cell count. Conclusion: Our results are valuable for better understanding the particular mode of DNR-CM interaction, and are important to have a deeper insight into the DNR-induced cardiotoxicity.
Non-adherence to eye care in people with diabetes

Objective Evaluate individual factors that impact adherence to eye care follow-up in patients with diabetes. Design and methods A 4-year retrospective chart review was conducted for 1968 patients with diabetes over age 40 from an urban academic center. Data collected included demographics, insurance, visual acuity, smoking status, medications, dates of dilated fundus examinations (DFE), and reported hemoglobin A1C and blood glucose levels. The primary outcome was timely DFE follow-up adherence following the initial eye exam visit. Results Overall, 41.6% of patients adhered to initial follow-up eye care recommendations. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that patients with severe diabetic retinopathy (DR) were more adherent than patients with mild DR (OR 1.86). Other variables associated with increased adherence were visual impairment and reported A1C or blood glucose. Smoking was associated with decreased adherence. Ethnicity and insurance were also significantly associated with adherence. Longitudinal follow-up rates were influenced by additional factors, including ethnicity and neighborhood deprivation index. Conclusions Patients with moderate to severe DR and/or visual impairment were more likely to adhere to timely DFE follow-up. This could relate to the presence of visual symptoms and/or other systemic manifestations of diabetes. Smokers were less likely to adhere to timely DFE follow-up. One hypothesis is patients who smoke have other symptomatic health problems which patients prioritize over asymptomatic ocular disorders. In order to reduce vision loss from DR, practitioners should be aware that patients with mild and moderate DR, patients with normal vision, and smokers are at greater risk for poor follow-up eye care adherence.
An improved method for estimating antenna correlation coefficient of lossy MIMO arrays

The antenna correlation coefficient is an important indicator for MIMO antenna performance. The S-parameter-based formula is widely used to obtain the antenna correlation coefficient, instead of the original 3D-radiation-pattern-based one, to ease the measurement and calculation process. This method assumes the MIMO antennas are highly efficient, thus not suitable for a lossy MIMO antenna array built in compact handset devices. To overcome this limitation, we propose an improved S-parameter-based method including antenna's embedded and non-coupled radiation efficiencies. Using these efficiencies, the lossless S-parameters of an antenna network can be obtained and used to calculate the antenna correlation coefficient of lossy MIMO arrays. The proposed method is examined by full-wave simulation data of closely spaced printed dipole antennas with different loss factors. The results show that a more accurate estimation of the antenna correlation coefficient can be carried out compared to conventional S-parameter-based methods.
Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use Among College Students: Why We Need to Do Something and What We Need to Do

ABSTRACT This article summarizes recent research findings on nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and outlines a multi-pronged strategic approach for responding to this unique problem among college students. Students, health professionals, parents, the pharmaceutical industry, and institutions of higher education all play roles in this response. Moreover, the academic community should view the translation of research findings as an important responsibility that can help dispel the myths often perpetuated in the media. The nonmedical use of prescription stimulants is a complex behavior and should be viewed in the larger context of alcohol and drug involvement among young adults. Strategies to reduce nonmedical use of prescription stimulants might have direct application to the abuse of other prescription drugs, including opiates.
Flexible Edge Arrangement Templates for Object Detection

We present a novel feature representation for categorical object detection. Unlike previous approaches that have concentrated on generic interest-point detectors, we construct object-specific features directly from the training images. Our feature is represented by a collection of Flexible Edge Arrangement Templates (FEATs). We propose a two-stage semi-supervised learning approach to feature selection. A subset of frequent templates are first selected from a large template pool. In the second stage, we formulate feature selection as a regression problem and use LASSO method to find the most discriminative templates from the preselected ones. FEATs adaptively capture the image structure and naturally accommodate local shape variations. We show that this feature can be complemented by the traditional holistic patch method, thus achieving both efficiency and accuracy. We evaluate our method on three well-known car datasets, showing performance competitive with existing methods.
Online junction temperature extraction with turn-off delay time for high power IGBTs

High power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are widely used in the wind power generator systems, electric locomotives, high voltage direct current transmission, etc. In such safety-critical and cost-sensitive applications, IGBT module reliability drawn research focuses. Research shows that IGBT reliability is closely related to junction temperature. In this paper, a junction temperature extraction method is presented based on device turn-off delay time. Module internal parasitic inductance is utilized to extract turn off delay time, and its temperature characteristics are analyzed. Experimental verification involves monitoring high power IGBT switching characteristics offline. The junction temperature extraction method based on turn-off delay time due to module parasitic inductance is viable and effective.
N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline Inhibits Diabetes-Associated Kidney Fibrosis and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) emerges as an important source of fibroblasts. MicroRNA let-7 exhibits anti-EndMT effects and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor has been shown to be an important in microRNA let-7 expression. The endogenous antifibrotic peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is a substrate of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Here, we found that AcSDKP inhibited the EndMT and exhibited fibrotic effects that were associated with FGF receptor-mediated anti-fibrotic program. Conventional ACE inhibitor plus AcSDKP ameliorated kidney fibrosis and inhibited EndMT compared to therapy with the ACE inhibitor alone in diabetic CD-1 mice. The endogenous AcSDKP levels were suppressed in diabetic animals. Cytokines induced cultured endothelial cells into EndMT; coincubation with AcSDKP inhibited EndMT. Expression of microRNA let-7 family was suppressed in the diabetic kidney; antifibrotic and anti-EndMT effects of AcSDKP were associated with the restoration of microRNA let-7 levels. AcSDKP restored diabetes- or cytokines-suppressed FGF receptor expression/phosphorylation into normal levels both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that AcSDKP is an endogenous antifibrotic molecule that has the potential to cure diabetic kidney fibrosis via an inhibition of the EndMT associated with the restoration of FGF receptor and microRNA let-7.
Detecting and sketching the common

Given very few images containing a common object of interest under severe variations in appearance, we detect the common object and provide a compact visual representation of that object, depicted by a binary sketch. Our algorithm is composed of two stages: (i) Detect a mutually common (yet non-trivial) ensemble of ‘self-similarity descriptors’ shared by all the input images. (ii) Having found such a mutually common ensemble, ‘invert’ it to generate a compact sketch which best represents this ensemble. This provides a simple and compact visual representation of the common object, while eliminating the background clutter of the query images. It can be obtained from very few query images. Such clean sketches may be useful for detection, retrieval, recognition, co-segmentation, and for artistic graphical purposes.
Geographically focused collaborative crawling

A collaborative crawler is a group of crawling nodes, in which each crawling node is responsible for a specific portion of the web. We study the problem of collecting geographi-cally-aware pages using collaborative crawling strategies. We first propose several collaborative crawling strategies for the geographically focused crawling, whose goal is to collect web pages about specified geographic locations, by considering features like URL address of page, content of page, extended anchor text of link, and others. Later, we propose various evaluation criteria to qualify the performance of such crawling strategies. Finally, we experimentally study our crawling strategies by crawling the real web data showing that some of our crawling strategies greatly outperform the simple URL-hash based partition collaborative crawling, in which the crawling assignments are determined according to the hash-value computation over URLs. More precisely, features like URL address of page and extended anchor text of link are shown to yield the best overall performance for the geographically focused crawling.
Left- and right-hemisphere forms of phonological alexia

We studied the ability of patients with lesions arising from operation for an anterior or posterior (left or right) brain tumour to read a set of words and pronounceable nonwords. In line with previous works, we observed that damage to the left posterior or left anterior cortex can give rise to phonological alexia, where the reading performance of nonwords is affected more than that of words. More surprisingly, similar effects were found in the right posterior group. However, there were significant differences in the error types, for both complex and positional errors, between phonological alexic patients in the three location groups. The findings present difficulties for the position held by theorists of the triangle model that phonological alexia arises from impairments in the language production system or in a general-purpose orthographic–phonological translation system. They also pose new questions about the possible role of the right posterior cortex in letter sequence representation.
Interleukin 10 reduces the incidence of pancreatitis after therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Prophylactic administration of interleukin (IL)-10 decreases the severity of experimental pancreatitis. Prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis in humans is a unique model to study the potential role of IL-10 in this setting. METHODS In a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, the effect of a single injection of 4 microg/kg (group 1) or 20 microg/kg (group 2) IL-10 was compared with that of placebo (group 0), all administered 30 minutes before therapeutic ERCP. The primary endpoint was the effect of IL-10 on serum levels of amylases and lipases measured 4, 24, and 48 hours after ERCP. The secondary objective was to evaluate changes in plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor) at the same time points and the incidence of acute pancreatitis in the 3 groups. Subjects undergoing a first therapeutic ERCP were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS A total of 144 patients were included. Seven were excluded based on intention to treat (n = 1) or per protocol (n = 6). Forty-five, 48, and 44 patients remained in groups 0, 1, and 2, respectively. The 3 groups were comparable for age, sex, underlying disease, indication for treatment, type of treatment, and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines, and hydrolases at baseline. No significant difference was observed in CRP, cytokine, and hydrolase plasma levels after ERCP. Forty-three patients developed hyperhydrolasemia (18 in group 0, 14 in group 1, and 11 in group 2; P = 0.297), and 19 patients developed acute clinical pancreatitis (11 in group 0, 5 in group 1, 3 in group 2; P = 0.038). Two severe cases were observed in the placebo group. No mortality related to ERCP was observed. Logistic regression identified 3 independent risk factors for post-therapeutic ERCP pancreatitis: IL-10 administration (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.22-0.96; P = 0.039), pancreatic sphincterotomy (OR, 5.04; 95% CI, 1.53-16.61; P = 0.008), and acinarization (OR, 8.19; 95% CI, 1.83-36.57; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS A single intravenous dose of IL-10, given 30 minutes before the start of the procedure, independently reduces the incidence of post-therapeutic ERCP pancreatitis.
Population genetics of Drosophila amylase. IV. Selection in laboratory populations maintained on different carbohydrates.

Two polymorphic systems impinging on alpha-amylase in Drosophila pseudoobscura have been studied in laboratory populations maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was starch (the substrate of amylase) and replicas maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was maltose (the product of amylase). The two polymorphic systems were alleles at the structural gene (Amy) coding for the enzyme (allozymes) and variation in the tissue-specific expression along the adult midgut controlled by several genes. In the seven populations on maltose medium little consistent change was noted in either system. In the seven populations on starch medium, both polymorphisms exhibited selective changes. A midgut pattern of very limited expression of amylase rose in frequency in all starch populations, as did the frequency of the "fast" (1.00) Amy allele. The overall specific amylase activity did not differ between starch-adapted and maltose-adapted flies. --The results, along with previous studies, indicate that when a gene-enzyme system is specifically stressed in laboratory populations, allozymes often exhibit selective differences. Such results make the selectionist hypothesis at least tenable. Furthermore, the fact that both types of polymorphisms responded to selection indicates the role of structural gene vs. gene regulation changes in adaptive evolution is not an either/or question but one of relative roles and interactions.
Venturing for Others with Heart and Head: How Compassion Encourages Social Entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a complex yet promising organizational form in which market-based methods are used to address seemingly intractable social issues, but its motivations remain undertheorized. Research asserts that compassion may supplement traditional self-oriented motivations in encouraging social entrepreneurship. We draw on research on compassion and prosocial motivation to build a model of three mechanisms (integrative thinking, prosocial cost-benefit analysis, and commitment to alleviating others' suffering) that transform compassion into social entrepreneurship, and we identify the institutional conditions under which they are most likely to do so. We conclude by discussing the model's contribution to and implications for the positive organizational scholarship literature, entrepreneurship literature, and social entrepreneurship literature.
Precise timing of ATPase activation drives targeting of tail-anchored proteins

The localization of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, whose transmembrane domain resides at the extreme C terminus, presents major challenges to cellular protein targeting machineries. In eukaryotic cells, the highly conserved ATPase, guided entry of tail-anchored protein 3 (Get3), coordinates the delivery of TA proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. How Get3 uses its ATPase cycle to drive this fundamental process remains unclear. Here, we establish a quantitative framework for the Get3 ATPase cycle and show that ATP specifically induces multiple conformational changes in Get3 that culminate in its ATPase activation through tetramerization. Further, upstream and downstream components actively regulate the Get3 ATPase cycle to ensure the precise timing of ATP hydrolysis in the pathway: the Get4/5 TA loading complex locks Get3 in the ATP-bound state and primes it for TA protein capture, whereas the TA substrate induces tetramerization of Get3 and activates its ATPase reaction 100-fold. Our results establish a precise model for how Get3 harnesses the energy from ATP to drive the membrane localization of TA proteins and illustrate how dimerization-activated nucleotide hydrolases regulate diverse cellular processes.
Hypertension in Response to Placental Ischemia During Pregnancy: Role of B Lymphocytes

Preeclampsia is associated with innate inflammatory response resulting in elevated tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor, and activation of endothelin 1 (ET-1). This study was designed to determine the role of B-cell depletion, resulting in agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor suppression to mediate hypertension via activation of ET-1 in the placental ischemic reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. To achieve this goal we examined the effect of RUPP on mean arterial pressure and ET-1 in the presence and absence of chronically infused rituximab (R; 250 mg/kg), a B-lymphocyte–suppressive agent used clinically to treat autoimmune diseases. Mean arterial pressure was 103±1 mm Hg in normal pregnant (NP) rats; 103±3 mm Hg in NP+R versus 133±2 mm Hg in RUPP rats, and 118±2 mm Hg in RUPP+R rats (P<0.001 vs RUPP controls). B lymphocytes decreased from 6.0±0.5% gated cells in RUPP to 3.7±0.8% gated cells in RUPP+R rats. Importantly, agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor decreased from 18±1 bpm in RUPP rats to 10±1 bpm in RUPP+R rats. ET-1 decreased 1.5-fold in kidneys and 4-fold in the placenta (P<0.01) of RUPP+R versus RUPP rats. Media ET-1 excretion from endothelial cells exposed to serum from NP, RUPP, NP+R, or RUPP+R rats was determined. ET-1 from endothelial cells treated with NP serum was 53+13 pg/mg and increased to 75+10 pg/mg with RUPP serum. In contrast, ET-1 secretion decreased in response to B-cell–depleted RUPP serum to 50±8 pg/mg and was unchanged in response to NP+R sera (46±12 pg/mg). These data demonstrate the important roles that B-lymphocyte activation and agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptors play in the pathophysiology of hypertension in response to placental ischemia.