Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The assessment of incompetence : Practice teachers' support needs when working with failing DipSW students

This paper describes a research project which examined the support and training needs of practice teachers as they work with failing DipSW students. It was based on discussion and interviews with a sample of accredited practice teachers working on a singleton' basis (ie practice teachers who are practising social workers, based in the same workplace as the student, offering usually only one placement at any one time). An account is given of the aims of the study, the background to it, the methodology and the main findings. The conclusions have implications for practice teacher training in respect of the fuller integration of the possibility of failure. They also indicate the need for more and different support systems for practice teachers that incorporate an understanding of the mourning process in an educational setting. The study was exploratory, and so limited in scope. Thus, while it identified some issues appropriate for immediate implementation, it also highlights pertinent areas for further research.
Robust video copy detection in large-scale TV streams using local features and CFAR based threshold

In this paper, a robust video copy detection system is proposed for the broadcast TV stream that is a challenging task in the wild. The proposed system extracts the signatures of video frames with Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) keypoints, which are described by Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief (ORB) descriptors for compact and efficient representation, in order to match the parts of the given reference video with the query video in interest. The resulting signal representing the similarity scores of the reference video parts with the query is then adaptively thresholded by Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) approach, which improves the video copy detection accuracy by exposing the strong peaks (i.e., copy locations) while discarding weak peaks/no peaks (i.e., non-copy locations), with dynamic setting of the false alarm probability. Extensive experiments on the publicly available MUSCLE-VCD-2007 Dataset and the BILGEM Video Broadcast Dataset 2015 (BVBD 2015) show that the proposed system achieves precision values of 100.0% and 91.8%, recall values of 90.0% and 99.3% respectively by proving the robustness of the system for the copy detection task in both broadcast and web video streams.
Empirical Modelling of the Impact of Financial Innovation on the Demand for Money in Nigeria

Financial innovation refers both to technological advances which facilitate access to information, trading and means of payment. The demand for money is very crucial in the conduct and determination of the effectiveness of monetary policy. This study attempts to analyse whether financial innovations that occurred in Nigeria after the Structural Adjustment Programme of 1986 has affected the demand for money in Nigeria using the Engle and Granger Two-Step Cointegration technique. Though the study revealed that demand for money conforms to the theory that income is positively related to the demand for cash balances and interest rate has an inverse relationship with the demand for real cash balances, it was also di scovered that the financial innovations introduced into the financial system have not significantly affected the demand for money in Nigeria. Based on the results obtained, a policy of attracting more patticipants (non-government) and private sector funds to the money market is necessary as this will deepen the market and make the market more dynamic and amenable to monetary policy. Therefore, the study concludes that financial innovation has had no significant impact on the demand for money in Nigeria and the SAP era financial liberalization policies have had no indirect impact on the demand for money as well.
The toll of perceived injustice on job search self-efficacy and behavior

Purpose – Individuals normally make fairness judgements when experiencing negative outcomes on an important task, such as finding employment. Fairness is an affect-laden subjective experience. Perceptions of injustice can cause resource depletion in unemployed job seekers, potentially leading to reduced self-regulation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of: first, justice perceptions during a job search and their impact on job search self-efficacy (JSSE); second, the mediating role of JSSE between justice perceptions and job search strategies; and third, associations between job search strategies and quantity and quality of job search behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Unemployed individuals (n=254) who were actively searching for a job reported on their past job search experiences with respect to justice, completed measures of JSSE, and reported recent job search behavior. Findings – Results reveal the potentially harmful impact of perceived injustice on job search strategies and .
Author's Personal Copy Computational Statistics and Data Analysis Finite Sample Multivariate Tests of Asset Pricing Models with Coskewness

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: b Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative (CIREQ), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), a b s t r a c t Exact inference methods are proposed for asset pricing models with unobservable risk-free rates and coskewness; specifically, the Quadratic Market Model (QMM) which incorporates the effect of asymmetry of return distribution on asset valuation. In this context, exact tests are appealing given (i) the increasing popularity of such models in finance, (ii) the fact that traditional market models (which assume that asset returns move proportionally to the market) have not fared well in empirical tests, (iii) finite sample QMM tests are unavailable even with Gaussian errors. Empirical models are considered where the procedure to assess the significance of coskewness preference is LR-based, and relates to the statistical and econometric literature on dimensionality tests which are interesting in their own right. Exact versions of these tests are obtained, allowing for non-normality of fundamentals. A simulation study documents the size and power properties of asymptotic and finite sample tests. Empirical results with well-known data sets reveal temporal instabilities over the full sampling period, namely 1961–2000, though tests fail to reject the QMM restrictions over 5-year sub-periods.
Prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) promotes colonic tumorigenesis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although the factors underlying CRC development and progression are multifactorial, there is an important role for tumor-host interactions, especially interactions with myeloid cells. There is also increasing evidence that cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins are important mediators of CRC development and growth. Although prevention trials with either nonselective NSAIDs or COX-2 selective agents have shown promise, the gastrointestinal or cardiovascular side effects of these agents have limited their implementation. The predominant prostaglandin involved in CRC pathogenesis is PGE2. Since myeloid cells express high levels of the PGE2 receptor subtype, EP4, we selectively ablated EP4 in myeloid cells and studied adenoma formation in a mouse model of intestinal adenomatous polyposis, ApcMin/+ zmice. ApcMin/+mice with selective myeloid cell deletion of EP4 had marked inhibition of both adenoma number and size, with associated decreases in mTOR and ERK activation. Either genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EP4 receptors led to an anti-tumorigenic M1 phenotype of macrophages/dendritic cells. Therefore, PGE2-mediated EP4 signaling in myeloid cells promotes tumorigenesis, suggesting EP4 as a potentially attractive target for CRC chemoprevention or treatment.
Analysis of counselling psychologists' self-reported experiences of drawing upon two or more theoretical orientations to inform their practice

Recent commentators have considered how the institutional changes that have taken place within the context of clinical practice in the UK over the past ten years exert pressures upon counselling psychologists to practice in particular ways. The aim of this investigation was to explore how counselling psychologists’ experience and draw upon the theories that are available to them to inform their clinical practice, and how the pressures generated by changes to context may be impacting upon this. Fifteen accredited practitioners were interviewed on a one to one basis. The interview data was transcribed and the 15 transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this investigation support previous findings that suggest counselling and psychotherapy practitioners’ tend to nurture a theoretically integrated, idiosyncratic approach to practice. The results go beyond those of prior studies due to their ability to trace the interaction existing between practitioners’ use of theory and the broader contexts of practice. The results suggest that counselling psychologists are putting the relationship with the client at the heart of their work and that they draw upon a subjectively meaningful integration of theories to formulate their client’s difficulties. Furthermore, where practitioners are required to use CBT, this is done in a way that prioritises the relational core of practice as well as incorporates the insights to be gained from other theories. The ability of pressures stemming from the priorities of contemporary institutional contexts to modify participants’ relationships with theory is illustrated. Given the significant pressures being generated by evolving contexts of practice, conclusions centre upon the importance of maintaining the disciplinary articulation of the principles of a counselling psychology approach to practice in order to fully support practitioners in their clinical endeavours.
Predicting software black-box defects using stacked generalization

Defect number prediction is essential to make a key decision on when to stop testing. For more applicable and accurate prediction, we propose an ensemble prediction model based on stacked generalization (PMoSG), and use it to predict the number of defects detected by third-party black-box testing. Taking the characteristics of black-box defects and causal relationships among factors which influence defect detection into account, Bayesian net and other numeric prediction models are employed in our ensemble models. Experimental results show that our PMoSG model achieves a significant improvement in accuracy of defect numeric prediction than any individual model, and achieves best prediction accuracy when using LWL(Locally Weighted Learning) method as level-1 model.
The Evolution of Conventions

The author shows how a group of individuals can learn to play a coordination game without any common knowledge and with only a small amount of rationality. The game is repeated many times by different players. Each player chooses an optimal reply based on incomplete information about what other players have done in the past. Occasionally they make mistakes. When the likelihood of mistakes is very small, typically one coordination equilibrium will be played almost all of the time over the long run. This stochastically stable equilibrium can be computed analytically using a general theorem the author proves on perturbed Markov processes. Copyright 1993 by The Econometric Society.
Dynamic Power Supply Current Testing for Open Defects in CMOS SRAMs

The detection of open defects in CMOS SRAM has been a time consuming process. This paper proposes a new dynamic power supply current testing method to detect open defects in CMOS SRAM cells. By monitoring a dynamic current pulse during a transition write operation or a read operation, open defects can be detected. In order to measure the dynamic power supply current pulse, a current monitoring circuit with low hardware overhead is developed. Using the sensor, the new testing method does not require any additional test sequence. The results show that the new test method is very efficient compared with other testing methods. Therefore, the new testing method is very attractive.
Bacterial Communities in the Rhizospheres of Three Mangrove Tree Species from Beilun Estuary, China

The bacterial communities played important roles in the high productivity mangrove ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the vertical distributions of rhizosphere bacteria from three mangrove species (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum) in Beilun Estuary, China using high throughput DNA pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bacterial communities from mangrove rhizosphere sediments were dominated by Proteobacteria (mostly Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria), followed by Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria. However, the ANOVA analysis on Shannon and Chao1 indices indicated that bacterial communities among sediments of the three mangrove species varied more strongly than the sampling depths. In addition, the PCA result demonstrated that the bacterial communities could be separated into three groups according to the mangrove species. Moreover, the dominated orders Rhodospirillales, GCA004 and envOPS12 were significantly different among sediments of the three mangrove species. The results of this study provided valuable information about the distribution feature of rhizosphere bacteria from Chinese mangrove plants and shed insights into biogeochemical transformations driven by bacteria in rhizosphere sediments.
Maximum End-to-End Throughput of Chain-Topology Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

Understanding the maximum end-to-end throughput available with any given wireless multi-hop network is an important, but very challenging task. It may be approximated up to certain degree for several simplified topologies such as chain, cross, and others. Typically, in case of chain-topology wireless multi-hop networks employing IEEE 802.11 DCF (distributed coordination function), the maximum throughput can be derived by calculating 1-hop average throughput considering the so-called bottleneck region. However, this approximation method that utilizes only the 1-hop average throughput is limited in terms of accuracy. Thus, in this paper, after verifying the limitation of 1-hop average approximation for the throughput calculation of chain-topology multi-hop wireless networks, a refined calculation scheme is proposed by additionally considering the deviation of throughput. Especially, we focus on the fact that the throughput deviation could lead to collisions, and the throughput deviation happens due to the summation of uniformly distributed backoff times of IEEE 802.11 DCF. With several ns-2-based network simulations, we verify the impact of selected temporal variations to the throughput calculation and thus validate the improved accuracy of proposed calculation scheme.
Antisense PMO Found in Dystrophic Dog Model Was Effective in Cells from Exon 7-Deleted DMD Patient

Background Antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping is a promising approach for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We have systemically administered an antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) targeting dystrophin exons 6 and 8 to a dog with canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ) lacking exon 7 and achieved recovery of dystrophin in skeletal muscle. To date, however, antisense chemical compounds used in DMD animal models have not been directly applied to a DMD patient having the same type of exon deletion. We recently identified a DMD patient with an exon 7 deletion and tried direct translation of the antisense PMO used in dog models to the DMD patient's cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We converted fibroblasts of CXMDJ and the DMD patient to myotubes by FACS-aided MyoD transduction. Antisense PMOs targeting identical regions of dog and human dystrophin exons 6 and 8 were designed. These antisense PMOs were mixed and administered as a cocktail to either dog or human cells in vitro. In the CXMDJ and human DMD cells, we observed a similar efficacy of skipping of exons 6 and 8 and a similar extent of dystrophin protein recovery. The accompanying skipping of exon 9, which did not alter the reading frame, was different between cells of these two species. Conclusion/Significance Antisense PMOs, the effectiveness of which has been demonstrated in a dog model, achieved multi-exon skipping of dystrophin gene on the FACS-aided MyoD-transduced fibroblasts from an exon 7-deleted DMD patient, suggesting the feasibility of systemic multi-exon skipping in humans.
Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age

The Middle Stone Age in Africa The Olorgesailie basin in the southern Kenya rift valley contains sediments dating back to 1.2 million years ago, preserving a long archaeological record of human activity and environmental conditions. Three papers present the oldest East African evidence of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and elucidate the system of technology and behavior associated with the origin of Homo sapiens. Potts et al. present evidence for the demise of Acheulean technology that preceded the MSA and describe variations in late Acheulean hominin behavior that anticipate MSA characteristics. The transition to the MSA was accompanied by turnover of large mammals and large-scale landscape change. Brooks et al. establish that ∼320,000 to 305,000 years ago, the populations in eastern Africa underwent a technological shift upon procurement of distantly sourced obsidian for toolmaking, indicating the early development of social exchange. Deino et al. provide the chronological underpinning for these discoveries. Science, this issue p. 86, p. 90, p. 95 Social, technological, and subsistence behaviors and pigment use emerged during human evolution more than 300,000 years ago. Previous research suggests that the complex symbolic, technological, and socioeconomic behaviors that typify Homo sapiens had roots in the middle Pleistocene <200,000 years ago, but data bearing on human behavioral origins are limited. We present a series of excavated Middle Stone Age sites from the Olorgesailie basin, southern Kenya, dating from ≥295,000 to ~320,000 years ago by argon-40/argon-39 and uranium-series methods. Hominins at these sites made prepared cores and points, exploited iron-rich rocks to obtain red pigment, and procured stone tool materials from ≥25- to 50-kilometer distances. Associated fauna suggests a broad resource strategy that included large and small prey. These practices imply notable changes in how individuals and groups related to the landscape and to one another and provide documentation relevant to human social and cognitive evolution.
Unrealistic optimism about future life events

Two studies investigated the tendency of people to be unrealistically optimistic about future life events. In Study 1, 258 college students estimated how much their own chances of experiencing 42 events differed from the chances of their classmates. Overall, they rated their own chances to be above average for positive events and below average for negative events, ps<. 001. Cognitive and motivational considerations led to predictions that degree of desirability, perceived probability, personal experience, perceived controllability, and stereotype salience would influence the amount of optimistic bias evoked by different events. All predictions were supported, although the pattern of effects differed for positive and negative events. Study 2 tested the idea that people are unrealistically optimistic because they focus on factors that improve their own chances of achieving desirable outcomes and fail to realize that others may have just as many factors in their favor. Students listed the factors that they thought influenced their own chances of experiencing eight future events. When such lists were read by a second group of students, the amount of unrealistic optimism shown by this second group for the same eight events decreased significantly, although it was not eliminated.
Pose-invariant face recognition using real and virtual views

The problem of automatic face recognition is to visually identify a person in an input image. This task is performed by matching the input face against the faces of known people in a database of faces. Most existing work in face recognition has limited the scope of the problem, however, by dealing primarily with frontal views, neutral expressions, and fixed lighting conditions. To help generalize existing face recognition systems, we are looking at the problem of recognizing faces under a range of viewpoints. In particular, we consider two cases of this problem: (i) many example views are available of each person, and (ii) only one view is available per person, perhaps a driver's license or passport photograph. Ideally, we would like to address these two cases using a simple view-based approach, where a person is represented in the database by using a number of views on the viewing sphere. While the view-based approach is consistent with case (i), for case (ii) we need to augment the single real view of each person with synthetic views from other viewpoints, views we call "virtual views". Virtual views are generated using prior knowledge of face rotation, knowledge that is "learned" from images of prototype faces. This prior knowledge is used to effectively rotate in depth the single real view available of each person. In this thesis, I present the view-based face recognizer, techniques for synthesizing virtual views, and experimental results using real and virtual views in the recognizer. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Oscillations in a Bio-Inspired Routing Algorithm

Adaptive routing is once again becoming of interest because of the possibility to couple on-line probing in networks with real-time dynamic and distributed control of paths and flows using Reinforcement Learning. Wireless networks, with their rapidly changing network conditions also create a need to revisit this issue. This paper uses measurements in a wired bio-inspired adaptive network test-bed, the Cognitive Packet Network (CPN), to investigate the pros and cons of adaptive routing. CPN routes packet flows through a store and forward network according to their Quality of Service (QoS) needs through an on-line, distributed reinforcement learning mechanism that incorporates a biologically-inspired Neural Network model for making routing decisions. This paper investigates routing oscillations which occur due to the interaction of multiple flows and studies their effect on QoS in the context of CPN. Our results indicate that routing oscillations can be easily controlled by randomising the route switching, and that from an overall QoS viewpoint increased switching can also lead to improved performance.