Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis fructokinase-like protein associations are regulated by ATP.

The Arabidopsis thaliana fructokinase-like proteins FLN1 and FLN2 are required for the differentiation of plastids into photosynthetically competent chloroplasts. However, their specific roles are unknown. FLN1 and FLN2 localize in a multisubunit prokaryotic-type polymerase (plastid-encoded RNA polymerase) complex that transcribes genes encoding components of photosynthesis-related assemblies. Despite sequence identity with fructokinases, which are members of the pfkB (phosphofructokinase B) family of enzymes, kinase activity of FLN1 and FLN2 has not been demonstrated. Homology modeling using pfkB X-ray structures, sequence comparisons, and mutational analyses suggests that FLN proteins may bind their substrates differently from other pfkB proteins. We provide evidence that purified recombinant FLN1 undergoes an ATP-mediated change in binding affinity with both itself and recombinant FLN2. The ATP-mediated change in the affinity of FLN1 for FLN2 is not affected by mutations in conserved active-site residues known to affect catalysis in active pfkB enzymes. In contrast, recombinant FLN2 hetero-oligomerizes independently of ATP concentration. At ATP concentrations that promote FLN1 homomeric interactions, the FLN1-FLN2 hetero-oligomer is the dominant form in vitro We further present evidence that FLN1 associates with a large protein complex in chloroplasts independently of ATP. Given that ATP levels fluctuate between light-dark cycles in the 1-5 mM range, we propose that changes in FLN1 and FLN2 interactions are biologically meaningful.
Experimental study on the impact of anchor losses on the quality factor of contour mode AlN resonators

This paper presents an experimental study on the impact of anchor losses on the quality factor (Q) of laterally vibrating AlN contour mode resonators for three different resonance frequency devices (220 MHz, 370 MHz, and 1.05 GHz). Anchors of different width (Wa) and length (La) were designed as supports for resonators having a vibrating body of identical dimensions. The results confirm that the main source of damping is associated with anchor losses at 220 MHz and interfacial losses at 1.05 GHz. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model anchor losses in AlN CMRs, exhibiting excellent agreement with the measurements.
Cdc5-Dependent Asymmetric Localization of Bfa1 Fine-Tunes Timely Mitotic Exit

In budding yeast, the major regulator of the mitotic exit network (MEN) is Tem1, a GTPase, which is inhibited by the GTPase-activating protein (GAP), Bfa1/Bub2. Asymmetric Bfa1 localization to the bud-directed spindle pole body (SPB) during metaphase also controls mitotic exit, but the molecular mechanism and function of this localization are not well understood, particularly in unperturbed cells. We identified four novel Cdc5 target residues within the Bfa1 C-terminus: 452S, 453S, 454S, and 559S. A Bfa1 mutant in which all of these residues had been changed to alanine (Bfa14A) persisted on both SPBs at anaphase and was hypo-phosphorylated, despite retaining its GAP activity for Tem1. A Bfa1 phospho-mimetic mutant in which all of these residues were switched to aspartate (Bfa14D) always localized asymmetrically to the SPB. These observations demonstrate that asymmetric localization of Bfa1 is tightly linked to its Cdc5-dependent phosphorylation, but not to its GAP activity. Consistent with this, in kinase-defective cdc5-2 cells Bfa1 was not phosphorylated and localized to both SPBs, whereas Bfa14D was asymmetrically localized. BFA14A cells progressed through anaphase normally but displayed delayed mitotic exit in unperturbed cell cycles, while BFA14D cells underwent mitotic exit with the same kinetics as wild-type cells. We suggest that Cdc5 induces the asymmetric distribution of Bfa1 to the bud-directed SPB independently of Bfa1 GAP activity at anaphase and that Bfa1 asymmetry fine-tunes the timing of MEN activation in unperturbed cell cycles.
Innovative Interfaces' Electronic Resources Management System: A Survey on the State of Implementation and Usage

Abstract This paper presents the results of a survey on Innovative Interfaces' Electronic Resource Management System (III's ERM). The authors distributed the survey to III ERM users through LISTSERVS in November 2009 and received sixty-one responses. The survey contained seventeen questions that focused on three themes: satisfaction with implementation, impact on workflow, and impact on patrons. The results indicated that difficulty with implementation caused some dissatisfaction with staff workflow, although a majority of informants indicated that III's ERM improved staff workflow to some degree. The major benefits of III's ERM were listed in terms of the product's impact on patrons.
Bayesian Hypernetworks

We propose Bayesian hypernetworks: a framework for approximate Bayesian inference in neural networks. A Bayesian hypernetwork, h, is a neural network which learns to transform a simple noise distribution, p(e) = N(0,I), to a distribution q(t) := q(h(e)) over the parameters t of another neural network (the ``primary network). We train q with variational inference, using an invertible h to enable efficient estimation of the variational lower bound on the posterior p(t | D) via sampling. In contrast to most methods for Bayesian deep learning, Bayesian hypernets can represent a complex multimodal approximate posterior with correlations between parameters, while enabling cheap iid sampling of q(t). In practice, Bayesian hypernets provide a better defense against adversarial examples than dropout, and also exhibit competitive performance on a suite of tasks which evaluate model uncertainty, including regularization, active learning, and anomaly detection.
Difference in the risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept: results from the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (DREAM) registry

Background Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibiting therapy increases the risk of serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is not clear whether this risk differs between TNF inhibitors. Objective To analyse whether the risk of serious infections in patients with RA treated with an anti-TNF inhibitor is different for adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept. Methods Data from the Dutch RA monitoring registry were used. Incidence rates were calculated from the observed number of first serious infections and follow-up time up to 5 years. A Cox proportional hazards model with time-to-first-serious infection was used to estimate risk differences among the anti-TNF treatment groups, with correction for confounders. Results The unadjusted incidence rate of a first serious infection in patients with RA per 100 patient-years was 2.61 (95% CI 2.21 to 3.00) for adalimumab, 3.86 (95% CI 3.33 to 4.40) for infliximab and 1.66 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.23) for etanercept. Age, year of starting anti-TNF therapy, comorbidities at baseline and disease activity score 28 over time were included as confounders. No difference in risk for serious infections was found between adalimumab and infliximab with an adjusted HR (adjHR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.48). The risk of serious infections was significantly lower in etanercept than in both infliximab (adjHR=0.49 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.83)) and adalimumab (adjHR=0.55 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67)). Conclusions The risk of serious infections in patients with RA treated with adalimumab or infliximab was similar, while the risk of serious infections in patients with RA treated with etanercept was lower than with both adalimumab and infliximab.
The management of men with acute urinary retention. National Prostatectomy Audit Steering Group.

OBJECTIVES To determine the outcome of men with acute urinary retention undergoing prostatectomy and to assess whether discharge with a catheter before subsequent planned re-admission for prostatectomy had an adverse effect on outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted of all men undergoing prostatectomy in five health care regions over a 6-month period in 56 hospitals where prostatectomies were performed under the care of 103 surgeons. The study included 3966 men undergoing prostatectomy, of whom 1242 presented with acute urinary retention; the complication rates and symptomatic outcome were assessed. RESULTS Compared with those who underwent elective prostatectomy for symptoms alone, men presenting with acute retention had an excess risk of death at 30 days (relative risk [RR], 26.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-204.5) and at 90 days after operation (RR 4.4, 95% CI 2.5-7.6), and an increased risk of perioperative complications. Although men with retention were older, had larger glands and had more comorbidity, these factors did not totally explain the excess risk. The final symptomatic outcome of men with acute retention was no different from that of men presenting for elective treatment. Men with retention who were managed by initial catheterization, sent home and subsequently re-admitted for planned operation had similar pretreatment characteristics, post-operative complications and outcomes to those who were kept in hospital throughout, although the men kept in hospital had a total increased length of stay. CONCLUSIONS Men with acute retention have a high risk of developing complications after undergoing prostatectomy. We were unable to confirm that a short-term period of catheter drainage at home before re-admission for planned surgery carried increased risks of peri-operative complications.
An Efficient Scheduling Algorithm for the Multiprocessor Platform

Given a task set T, determining the number of processors leading to a feasible schedule for T is an important problem in the real-time embedded systems community. For periodic and independent task sets, the utilization rate represents a lower bound on the number of processors. A multiprocessor platform with fewer processors than the utilization rate of a given task set does not have a feasible schedule. To the best of our knowledge, there is no estimation on the lower bound of the number of processors for a single-instance task set. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, given a single-instance, non-preemptive and independent task set, we provide a lower bound on the number of processors such that there exists no feasible schedules on a multiprocessor platform with fewer processors than this lower bound. Secondly, we provide an efficient algorithm that finds a feasible schedule of a single-instance non-preemptive and independent task set on a multiprocessor platform having the number of processors equal to the lower bound.
The inhibition of acetylcholine-induced atrioventricular block by potassium.

The exact relationship of potassium and digi-talis is still an unsettled question despite intensive study by numerous investigators. There is evidence to indicate that in subjects with atrial fibril-lation treated with digitalis, intravenous potassium results either in "improvement" of atrioven-tricular (AV) conduction, or in progression of the AV block (1-3). The possibility has been entertained that this paradoxical response to potassium depends on whether the digitalis-induced AV block is due to the vagal or to the direct effect of the glycoside on the conduction tissue (4). The present study was thus designed to investigate the hypothesis that hyperkalemia acts by inhibiting the effect of acetylcholine on AV conduction. METHOD Eleven experiments were performed in seven mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 14 kg. The animals were anesthe-tized with either 30 mg per kg body weight of pentobarbi-tal, or a combination of 2.5 mg per kg of im morphine followed by 15 mg per kg of iv pentobarbital. The dogs were then connected to a Harvard respirator, a bilateral cervical vagotomy was performed, and an arterial cath-eter was placed just above the aortic valve. Increasing amounts of acetylcholine were injected through this cathe-ter for 15 seconds until an amount was reached that consistently induced second or third degree AV block. This amount was constant for any one experiment, but varied from 0.096 to 0.955 mg in the different experiments. With an electric interval-timer, this amount of acetylcholine was then given every 2 minutes without interruption throughout the experiment. The control observations consisted of 4 to 8 consecu
Spatial analysis of communal grazing resources and their utilisation by sheep in the highlands of Mexico

This thesis is concerned with analysing the interactions between smallholder sheep farming systems and the sustained maintenance of communal grazing resources in the temperate region of Mexico. The study was carried out in the parish of Coajomulco, which is located in the mountainous region south of Mexico City. Sheep production is a traditional agricultural activity in the region and extensive grazing is practised in the parish's communal forest. In 1988 the area was decreed as protected by the Ministry of Environment, and agricultural practices were highly regulated. Although sheep flocks could still have access to the forest, the establishment of an exclusion zone resulted in the inability of sheep farmers to make use of 48 % of the communal grazing area. Thus, the objectives of this thesis were concerned with finding a way of enhancing the development of the local smallholder sheep farming whilst concomitantly protecting the forest ecology. The ultimate objective of this thesis was to develop a spatial optimisation model for the grazing management of the communal land. This model produced the optimal distribution of flocks in time and space according to the characteristics of both the grazing resources and the sheep population. Prior to the development of the optimisation model, it was necessary to characterise the basic elements that affected the supply and demand of forage. Thus, under a farming systems research framework, the plant and animal elements of the farming system were characterised. The managerial and biological influences that defined the sheep grazing patterns were investigated and their resulting effects discussed. Participatory techniques were included as the core of the characterisation methodology. Findings derived from the characterisation were utilised to assist in the development of a geographical information system (GIS) and the application of biological simulation models. Two models, one that simulated flock dynamics and another that simulated sheep performance, were used. Subsequently, a two-way link was established between the simulation models, the GIS and the optimisation model.
Polyethylene Glycol on Stability of Chitosan Microparticulate Carrier for Protein

Stability enhancement of protein-loaded chitosan microparticles under storage was investigated. Chitosan glutamate at 35 kDa and bovine serum albumin as model protein drug were used in this study. The chitosan microparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation, and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) was applied after the formation of the particles. All chitosan microparticles were kept at 25°C for 28 days. A comparison was made between those preparations with PEG 200 and without PEG 200. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the microparticles such as size, zeta potential, pH, and percent loading capacity were investigated after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of storage. It was found that the stability decreased upon storage and the aggregation of microparticles could be observed for both preparations. The reduction in the zeta potential and the increase in the pH, size, and loading capacity were observed when they were kept at a longer period. The significant change of those preparations without PEG 200 was evident after 7 days of storage whereas those with PEG 200 underwent smaller changes with enhanced stability after 28 days of storage. Therefore, this investigation gave valuable information on the stability enhancement of the microparticles. Hence, enhanced stability of chitosan glutamate microparticles for the delivery of protein could be achieved by the application of PEG 200.
Promotion of human adipose‐derived stem cell proliferation mediated by exogenous nucleosides

Adult stem cells are becoming the best option for regenerative medicine because they have low tumourigenic potential and permit autologous transplantation, even without in vitro culture. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of exogenous nucleosides on the proliferation of hASCs (human adipose‐derived stem cells), with or without co‐treatment with 5‐aza (5‐azacytidine), and to analyse the expression of lamin A/C during cardiomyocyte differentiation of these cells. We isolated hASCs from human lipoaspirates that were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers. We found that 5‐aza induces a dose‐dependent inhibition of hASC proliferation [IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50): 5.37 μM], whereas exogenous nucleosides significantly promote the proliferation of hASCs and partially revert the antiproliferative effect of the drug. Multipotentiality of isolated hASCs was confirmed by adipogenic, osteogenic and cardiomyogenic induction. 5‐Aza‐induced cells expressed cardiac troponins I and T and myosin light chain 2, myocardial markers that were directly correlated with lamin A/C expression. Our results support the importance of the nucleoside supplementation of media to improve conditions for the expansion and maintenance of hASCs in culture. In addition, the quantification of lamin A/C expression appears to be a good marker for the characterization of cardiomyocyte differentiation of stem cells that has rarely been used.
Formulation and Evaluation of Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System of Levetiracetam using Pectin as Polymeric Carrier

Article history: Received on: 10/12/2012 Revised on: 29/12/2012 Accepted on: 15/01/2013 Available online: 28/01/2013 The aim of the present work was to develop and evaluate colon specific sustained release tablet using levetiracetam (LEV), microbially degradable polymeric carrier (pectin), coating material and matrix forming polymers. The colon targeted tablet was prepared by wet granulation technique using different percentage of pectin as matrix carrier, starch mucilage as a binding agent, HPMC K-100 as swellable polymer and coated with Eudragit polymers. Pectin, drug and physical mixture were evaluated for incompatibility study by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the batches of matrix tablet (F1-F4) were subjected for in-vitro dissolution in various simulated gastric fluids for suitability for colon specific drug delivery system. Tablets were evaluated for micromeritic properties of granules, physical properties, drug content, water uptake and erosion characteristics. F2 was optimized and subjected to coating based on evaluation results. The dissolution study of F2 revealed, in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) release was 40.48% at the end of 6h and in simulated colonic fluids (rat caecal content) was 102.88% after degradation at the end of 8h. The colon targeted matrix tablet of LEV showed no change either in physical appearance, drug content or dissolution pattern after performing stability study for 3 months. The studies confirmed that, the designed formulation could be used potentially for colon delivery by controlling drug release in stomach and the small intestine.
Debugging SNOMED CT Using Axiom Pinpointing in the Description Logic EL+

Snomed ct is a large-scale medical ontology, which is developed using a variant of the inexpressive Description Logic EL. Description Logic reasoning can not only be used to compute subsumption relationships between Snomed concepts, but also to pinpoint the reason why a certain subsumption relationship holds by computing the axioms responsible for this relationship. This helps developers and users of Snomed ct to understand why a given subsumption relationship follows from the ontology, which can be seen as a first step toward removing unwanted subsumption relationships. In this paper, we describe a new method for axiom pinpointing in the Description Logic EL, which is based on the computation of so-called reachabilitybased modules. Our experiments on Snomed ct show that the sets of axioms explaining subsumption are usually quite small, and that our method is fast enough to compute such sets on demand.
Fly-automata, model-checking and recognizability

The Recognizability Theorem states that if a set of finite graphs is definable by a monadic second-order (MSO) sentence, then it is recognizable with respect to the graph algebra upon which the definition of clique-width is based. Recognizability is an algebraic notion, defined in terms of congruences that can also be formulated by means of finite automata on the terms that describe the considered graphs. This theorem entails that the verification of MSO graph properties, or equivalently, the model-checking problem for MSO logic over finite binary relational structures, is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) for the parameter consisting of the formula that expresses the property and the clique-width (or the tree-width) of the input graph or structure. The corresponding algorithms can be implemented by means of fly-automata whose transitions are computed on the fly and not tabulated. We review two versions of recognizability, we present fly-automata by means of examples showing that they can also compute values attached to graphs. We show that fly-automata with infinite sets of states yield a simple proof of the strong version of the Recognizability Theorem. This proof has not been published previously.
Investigating Human Neurovascular Coupling Using Functional Neuroimaging: A Critical Review of Dynamic Models

The mechanisms that link a transient neural activity to the corresponding increase of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are termed neurovascular coupling (NVC). They are possibly impaired at early stages of small vessel or neurodegenerative diseases. Investigation of NVC in humans has been made possible with the development of various neuroimaging techniques based on variations of local hemodynamics during neural activity. Specific dynamic models are currently used for interpreting these data that can include biophysical parameters related to NVC. After a brief review of the current knowledge about possible mechanisms acting in NVC we selected seven models with explicit integration of NVC found in the literature. All these models were described using the same procedure. We compared their physiological assumptions, mathematical formalism, and validation. In particular, we pointed out their strong differences in terms of complexity. Finally, we discussed their validity and their potential applications. These models may provide key information to investigate various aspects of NVC in human pathology.
Private prayer and optimism in middle-aged and older patients awaiting cardiac surgery.

PURPOSE This study investigated the use of private prayer among middle-aged and older patients as a way of coping with cardiac surgery and prayer's relationship to optimism. DESIGN AND METHODS The measure of prayer included three aspects: (a) belief in the importance of private prayer, (b) faith in the efficacy of prayer on the basis of previous experiences, and (c) intention to use prayer to cope with the distress associated with surgery. The sample was 246 patients awaiting cardiac surgery. The first in-person interview was administered 2 weeks before surgery and optimism was measured the day before surgery by telephone. RESULTS Private prayer predicted optimism, along with older age, better socioeconomic resources, and healthier affect. Neither measures of general religiosity nor any type of prayers used by patients were associated with optimism. IMPLICATIONS Suggestions were made for clinicians to improve spiritual assessment and care, and for researchers to address spiritual coping in clinical situations.