Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese and American college students' preferences for police response to domestic violence

While a number of previous studies have examined citizens’ attitudes towards police response to domestic violence, very few have approached the topic from an international, comparative perspective. Using survey data collected from more than 600 students in a Hong Kong university and an American university, this study empirically assesses students’ attitudes towards proactive and reactive police responses to domestic violence incidents, controlling for students’ demographic characteristics, personal and vicarious experiences with crime including domestic violence and perceptions of gender roles and violence. The results showed that Chinese students were less likely to support proactive police response and more likely to favour reactive police response, compared with their US counterparts. Chinese students’ attitudes towards police response were shaped mainly by their attitudes towards gender equality, whereas American students’ attitudes were influenced chiefly by their background characteristics and attitudes towards violence. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Effects of plant species diversity, atmospheric [CO2], and N addition on gross rates of inorganic N release from soil organic matter

A significant challenge in predicting terrestrial ecosystem response to global changes comes from the relatively poor understanding of the processes that control pools and fluxes of plant nutrients in soil. In addition, individual global changes are often studied in isolation, despite the potential for interactive effects among them on ecosystem processes. We studied the response of gross N mineralization and microbial respiration after 6 years of application of three global change factors in a grassland field experiment in central Minnesota (the BioCON experiment). BioCON is a factorial manipulation of plant species diversity (1, 4, 9 and 16 prairie species), atmospheric [CO2] (ambient and elevated: 560 lmol mol ), and N inputs (ambient and ambient 1 4 g N m 2 yr ). We hypothesized that gross N mineralization would increase with increasing levels of all factors because of stimulated plant productivity and thus greater organic inputs to soils. However, we also hypothesized that N addition would enhance, while elevated [CO2] and greater diversity would temper, gross N mineralization responses because of increased and reduced plant tissue N concentrations, respectively. In partial support of our hypothesis, gross N mineralization increased with greater diversity and N addition, but not with elevated [CO2]. The ratio of gross N mineralization to microbial respiration (i.e. the ‘yield’ of inorganic N mineralized per unit C respired) declined with greater diversity and [CO2] suggesting increasing limitation of microbial processes by N relative to C in these treatments. Based on these results, we conclude that the plant supply of organic matter primarily controls gross N mineralization and microbial respiration, but that the concentration of N in organic matter input secondarily influences these processes. Thus, in systems where N limits plant productivity these global change factors could cause different long-term ecosystem trajectories because of divergent effects on soil N and C cycling.
Pick-and-drop: a direct manipulation technique for multiple computer environments

This paper proposes a new field of user interfaces called multi-computer direct manipulation and presents a penbased direct manipulation technique that can be used for data transfer between different computers as well as within the same computer. The proposed Pick-andDrop allows a user to pick up an object on a display and drop it on another display as if he/she were manipulating a physical object. Even though the pen itself does not have storage capabilities, a combination of Pen-ID and the pen manager on the network provides the illusion that the pen can physically pick up and move a computer object. Based on this concept, we have built several experimental applications using palm-sized, desk-top, and wall-sized pen computers. We also considered the importance of physical artifacts in designing user interfaces in a future computing environment.
TaintTrace: Efficient Flow Tracing with Dynamic Binary Rewriting

TaintTrace is a high performance flow tracing tool that protects systems against security exploits. It is based on dynamic execution binary rewriting empowering our tool with fine-grained monitoring of system activities such as the tracking of the usage and propagation of data originated from the network. The challenge lies in minimizing the run-time overhead of the tool. TaintTrace uses a number of techniques such as direct memory mapping to optimize performance. In this paper, we demonstrate that TaintTrace is effective in protecting against various attacks while maintaining a modest slowdown of 5.5 times, offering significant improvements over similar tools.
Cognitive DCDC 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Left Temporoparietal Gray and White Matter Structures during Development

Fahimeh Darki,1 Myriam Peyrard-Janvid,2 Hans Matsson,2 Juha Kere,2,3,4 and Torkel Klingberg1 1Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden, 2Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden, 3Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden, and 4Research Programs Unit, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Dutch Version of the Responses to Positive Affect Questionnaire

In 698 respondents selected from the community, the authors examined the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA; Feldman, Joormann, & Johnson, 2008) which measures ruminative and dampening thoughts in response to positive affect. In a first sample ( n = 170), exploratory factor analyses largely replicated the 3-factor model obtained by Feldman et al. (2008) with the following factors: Dampening, Self-focused positive rumination, and Emotion-focused positive rumination. The 3-factor model revealed in the first sample was confirmed using confirmatory factor analyses in a second independent sample of 528 respondents. All subscales showed adequate internal consistency and evidence of convergent and incremental validity with concurrent measures of depressive rumination, depressive symptoms, trait hypomania, and positive and negative affect. Results underscore the value of assessing responses to positive as well as negative affect in the study of mood disorders.
Describing participants in aphasia research: Part 1. Audit of current practice

Background: In order for readers to fully understand the results of published studies of aphasia, and in order to replicate studies and conduct meta‐analyses, it is critical that authors adequately describe the participants in these studies. A number of authors have made recommendations as to which variables should be included in descriptions of participants in studies of aphasia. In addition, the American Psychological Association (APA) publication manual (2001)—the most widely recognised standard for the social sciences—includes specific guidelines for describing research participants. Aims: To review how aphasic participants in current studies are described, and to assess the adequacy of these descriptions in relation to both the APA guidelines (2001), and the recommendations made by Brookshire (1983). Methods & Procedures: We reviewed 100 articles on aphasia, published in 2001 and 2002, and identified which of 43 variables were included in the descriptions of participants. The audit included only articles that were peer‐reviewed and focused on the linguistic features of or treatment for aphasia subsequent to stroke. Separate results are reported for group studies and single case studies, and for studies of symptoms and treatment studies. Outcomes & Results: Most articles fell far short of the recommended standards. Only seven variables were reported in 65% or more of studies. Single case studies and group studies provided similar levels of detail. Conclusions: More complete descriptions of participants in aphasia research are needed if published studies are to meet the standard set by the APA, advance our understanding of aphasia, and inform future treatment studies.
The Meaning of Truth

Foreword Introduction by H.S. Thayer The Meaning of Truth Notes A Note on the Editorial Method The Text of The Meaning of Truth Apparatus Emendations Textual Notes Historical Collation Alternations in the Manuscripts Word-Division Appendixes 1. Abstract of "The Knowing of Things Together" 2. Abstract of " The Meaning of the Word Truth" 3. W. James's Statement 4. Annotations in Bertrand Russell's " Transatlantic 'Truth'" 5. Four Letters from William James to James B. Pratt General Index Key to the Pagination of Editions
The influence of other than prolactin hormones on bone mineral density in women with hyperprolactinaemia of various origins

Objective. Hyperprolactinaemia may lead to bone loss, both due to hypogonadism and other hormonal disturbances. Aim of the case–control study was the analysis of influences of hormonal profiles associated with hyperprolactinaemia on the bone mineral density (BMD) in women with hyperprolactinaemia of various origin. Material and methods. The subjects were 32 patients with prolactinoma, 43 ones with functional hyperprolactinaemia and 29 healthy controls. All of them were studied for BMD (lumbar spine, proximal femur, forearm, total body) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and their correlations with hormones levels (prolactin, oestradiol, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), insulin-like growth factor-1 and intact parathyroid hormone) using Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis model. Results. Correlation analysis revealed the anabolic influence of PTH on lumbar spine in women with prolactinoma, and on ultradistal radius in functional hyperprolactinaemia. In multiple regression analysis, oestradiol had greatest influence on lumbar spine and total body BMD. Moreover, positive influence of testosterone, SHBG on spine BMD, and of oestradiol, testosterone, SHBG and DHEA-S on total body BMD were observed in patients with prolactinoma. Conclusion. Hormonal disturbances associated with hyperprolactinaemia influence BMD more in patients with prolactinoma than in ones with functional hyperprolactinaemia.
Public Diplomacy Strategies of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics: A Comparative Study

The various ‘global events’ China has hosted in recent years, most notably the Beijing Olympics, have sparked debate on the country's projection of soft power and invited easy conclusions that China's global public diplomacy has successfully seduced the world via its rich traditional culture and astounding modernisation. A comparison with the London Olympic Games, however, would suggest otherwise. Not only do the two Games differ in relation to the cultural ingredients combined to create overarching themes, they also reveal divergent public diplomacy strategies pursued by the host countries and cities. China's well-orchestrated and nearly infallible debut reveals its adherence to a top-down centre-driven approach that seeks to project the values and messages desirable to the governing authorities. The British approach, in contrast, transcends the elitist tendency by involving a wider set of actors within and without the government for clauses that extend past elites' interests. As a result, although London's Games were less ‘speculator’ than those in Beijing in presentation, the former's public diplomacy legacy may prove more lasting and likely to gain the admiration of the rest of the world.
Stabilisability of nonlinear systems by means of time-dependent switching rules

Given a family of linear systems which admit an asymptotically stable convex combination, the existence of stabilising time-dependent switching rules can be proved by using the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula for exponentials. The control laws obtained in this way are periodic, fast switching and independent of the initial state. We prove that under a similar assumption, the approach can be extended to provide stabilising time-dependent switching rules for the families of nonlinear vector fields, as well. However, the resulting control law, in general, is not periodic, not fast switching and it may depend on the initial state.
Image and reputation of higher education institutions in students’ retention decisions

With data collected from 395 students of a business school, investigates the role of institutional image and institutional reputation in the formation of customer loyalty. The results indicate that the degree of loyalty has a tendency to be higher when perceptions of both institutional reputation and institutional image are favourable. The results also show that the addition of the interaction term between both constructs helps to explain more customer loyalty. Discusses research and managerial implications.
Principled Construction of Elicited Imitation Tests

In this paper we discuss the methodology behind the construction of elicited imitation (EI) test items. First we examine varying uses for EI tests in research and in testing overall oral proficiency. We also mention criticisms of previous test items. Then we identify the factors that contribute to the difficulty of an EI item as shown in previous studies. Based on this discussion, we describe a way of automating the creation of test items in order to better evaluate language learners' oral proficiency while improving item naturalness. We present a new item construction tool and the process that it implements in order to create test items from a corpus, identifying relevant features needed to compile a database of EI test items. We examine results from administration of a new EI test engineered in this manner, illustrating the effect that standard language resources can have on creating an effective EI test item repository. We also sketch ongoing work on test item generation for other languages and an adaptive test that will use this collection of test items.
Fishermens blues: Factors related to accidents and safety among Newfoundland fishermen

Abstract The fisheries is one of the most dangerous industries in Canada. Possible contributory causes of the high rate of injuries are a fatalistic attitude to accidents and safety, and a high level of anxiety and worry among fishermen. These characteristics would be expected to lead to less attention to safety procedures and a consequent greater risk of accidents. The purpose of this study was to explore fishermen's levels of fatalism and anxiety; to consider the relationship of these factors to the frequency of accidents and extent of safety precautions; and to explore fishermen's explanations of and suggested solutions to the high rate of injuries at sea. The study was conducted among a sample of inshore fishermen who fished in the waters around Newfoundland. Fifty-five fishermen completed a questionnaire that requested basic demographic details, information on injuries obtained, safety precautions taken, perceived locus of control over accidents, anxiety, worries and explanations for accidents and po.
The Comparison of Lichtenstein Procedure with and without Mesh-Fixation for Inguinal Hernia Repair

Aim. Although inguinal hernia repair is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the world, the best repair method has not gained acceptance yet. The ideal repair must be safe, simple, and easy to perform and require minimal dissection which provides enough exploration, maintain patient's comfort in the early stage, and also be cost-effective, reducing operation costs, labor loss, hospital stay, and recurrence. Materials and Methods. There were eighty-five patients between the ages of 18 and 75, diagnosed with inguinal hernia in our clinic. Lichtenstein procedure for hernia repair was performed under spinal anesthesia in all patients. Forty-two patients had the standard procedure and, in 43 patients, the polypropylene mesh was used without fixation. All patients were examined and questioned on the 7th day of the operation in terms of pain, scrotal edema, and the presence of seroma and later on in the 6th postoperative month in terms of paresthesia, neuropraxia, and recurrence by a single physician. Results. Operative time and pain scores in the nonfixation group were significantly lower, without any increase in rates of recurrence. Conclusion. Based on these findings, in Lichtenstein hernia repair method, nonfixation technique can be used safely with better results.
Itraconazole-Amphotericin B Antagonism inAspergillus fumigatus: an E-Test-Based Strategy

ABSTRACT We examined an E-test-based strategy for testing the combination of itraconazole and amphotericin B, the latter given either sequentially or concomitantly, in isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. An antagonistic interaction between the two drugs was noted, especially with the sequential administration of amphotericin B. This in vitro antagonism was reversible.
Hydration, Solvation and Hydrolysis of Multicharged Metal Ions

Structures of hydrated, solvated and hydrolyzed multicharged metal ions are determined by EXAFS and LAXS in solution, and by X-ray crystallography and EXAFS in the solid state. During hydrolysis, the nine-coordinate hydrated thorium(IV) ion is first transformed to a dimer, [Th₂(μ²-OH)₂(H₂O)₁₂]⁶⁺, then to a tetramer, [Th₄(μ²-OH)₈(H₂O)₁₆]⁸⁺, and finally to a hexamer, [Th₆(μ³-O₈)(H₂O)n]⁸⁺ with increasing pH and thorium(IV) concentration in an aqueous solution. Coordinated water looses the protons in two steps, first with the formation of the dimer and tetramer, and finally with the formation of the hexamer. Together thorium(IV) and iron(III) form a stable and highly soluble heteronuclear hydrolysis complex, [Th₂Fe₂(μ²-OH)₈(H₂O)₁₂]⁶⁺, in the pH range 2.9 - 4.8 and metal concentrations 0.02 – 0.4 mol·dm⁻³. In the same solutions at pH < 2.9 two- or six-line ferrihydrite precipitates with time, while thorium(IV) remains in solution. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) hydrolyze very slowly in acidic aqueous solution and after 25 years of storage tiny oxide-like particles are formed at pH = 0.7. The particle size has been estimated from the number of M···M distances in the formed particles and in the corresponding solid oxides from EXAFS studies. The palladium(II) and platinum(II) oxide particles grow along a or b axies and reach a size of 1 - 1.5 nm³. These results have been supported by SAXS studies. During hydrolysis, the six-coordinate hydrated chromium(III) ion is first transformed to a dimer, then to a tetramer, [Cr₄(μ²-OH)₂(μ-OH)₄(OH)n(H₂O)₁₂-n](6-n)+ with increasing pH from 0 to 3.7 at chromium concentration of ca. 1 mol·dm⁻³. At pH  15, soluble [Cr(μ²-OH)₂(OH)₂]nn-, n  3, complex is formed, which at pH < 15 slowly precipitates as an amorphous solid with a structure similar to α-CrOOH. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvated thorium(IV) is nine-coordinate both in solution and solid state. N,N’-Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) solvated thorium(IV) is eight-coordinate in solution. The lower coordination number is due to the space-demanding properties of the DMPU molecules upon coordination.
Converting to graphical user interfaces: design guidelines for success

This tutorial reviews published research, guidelines and case studies on ease-of-use for graphical user interfaces. Many text-based user interfaces are being converted into graphical user interface platforms. This tutorial emphasizes using graphical user interface components without undermining good principles of design. Course topics include windows, icons, menus, dialogue boxes and input devices. Usability aspects of commercial graphical interfaces such as Apple Macintosh, Microsoft Windows and OSF Motif are compared and evaluated. In addition, techniques for collecting user feedback and usability data are discussed. A multi-part class exercise gives participants skill in converting a non-graphical menu and forms-based user interface into a pull-down menu and dialogue box interface.
A Critical Analysis of Korfball as a "Non-Sexist Sport"

Sex equality in sport will always remain an illusion as long as the macho character of modern competitive sport dominates. Against this background the claim of the International Korfball Federation that they are promoting a competitive sport as "the passport to coeducation" can be considered interesting and challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent korfball, as it is institutionalized and played in The Netherlands, does, in fact, substantiate this claim. The division of power between male and female players was estimated by a systematic observation of 26 matches at the highest competitive level and by ascertaining the number of male and female presidents and secretaries throughout Dutch korfball clubs. In addition, a questionnaire served to compare the perceptions of male and female korfball players with those of male and female basketball and handball players with regard to sex stereotypes and instrumental aggression. The evaluation of the data showed on the one hand that the equal division of power between males and females in korfball leaves much to be desired and on the other hand that korfball could contribute towards reducing macho perceptions in competitive sport.
The host of GRB/XRF 030528 – an actively star forming galaxy at z = 0.782

An important parameter for the distinction of X-ray flashes, X-ray rich bursts and Gamma-ray bursts in the rest frame is the distance to the explosion site. Here we report on the spectroscopic redshift determination of the host galaxy of XRF/GRB 030528 using the ESO VLT FORS2 instrument. From the strong oxygen and hydrogen emission lines the redshift was measured to be $z=0.782\pm0.001$. Obtaining the line luminosities and ratios we find that the host is consistent with being an actively star forming galaxy with sub-solar metallicity. With a stellar mass of ~10 10 $M_{\odot}$ the host is placed among the most massive GRB host galaxies at a similar redshift. Estimating the redshifted properties of the prompt emission, we find that XRF/GRB 030528 would be classified as an X-ray rich burst in the rest frame rather than an X-ray flash in the typically-used observer frame.
Trauma infantil e sua associação com transtornos do humor na vida adulta: uma revisão sistemática DOI - 10.5752/P.1678-9563.2013v19n3p480

Eventos estressores traumaticos na infância, que ocorrem comumente em situacoes de maus tratos, por acontecerem em um periodo critico do desenvolvimento do individuo, estao associados com prejuizos psicologicos e a diferentes tipos de transtornos mentais, dentre eles o Transtornos do Humor. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisao sistematica da literatura visando identificar achados que descrevam associacoes entre trauma na infância e Transtornos do Humor na vida adulta. Uma busca de palavras chaves foi realizada nas bases de dados: Scielo, Web of Science, PsychInfo, LILACS e Pubmed. Dez artigos preencheram os criterios de inclusao estabelecidos para o presente estudo. Todos os artigos encontrados apontavam relacoes significativas entre traumas na infância e diferentes tipos de Transtornos do Humor. Estudos mostram ainda que nos casos em que ha este tipo de associacao, encontra-se diferentes comorbidades psiquiatricas, pior sintomatologia e prognostico.