Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critical Analysis of Counseling’s Professional Identity Crisis

The American Association of State Counseling Boards (AASCB) and the American Counseling Association (ACA) jointly sponsored the 20/20 Vision for the Future of Counseling (hereafter referred to as 20/20) to define and unify the counseling profession from other closely related helping professions. The 20/20 collaborative efforts began in January 2006 and include 31 organizational stakeholders in the profession of counseling (Kennedy, 2006). The purpose of this joint initiative is to develop a common vision and understanding for the counseling profession by the year 2020 in the areas of legislation, unity, identity, and public awareness (Linde, 2008). The 20/20 initiative developed in response to licensure portability, the challenges counselors face with differing licensure requirements across states (Hock, 2008; Kaplan & Gladding, 2011; Locke, 2011), and the resulting counselor professional identity crisis (Rollins, 2006, 2012). Even though “counselor identity has probably been debated so vigorously in the literature because the nature of the counseling profession makes it difficult to agree on the precise identity factors that distinguish counselors from other helping professionals” (Hansen, 2010, p. 102), we offer an expansion of this philosophical debate by critiquing the 20/20 initiative and analyzing attempts to dispel counselor professional identity myths.
Unfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative disorders

• Introduction • ER stress and the UPR ‐ The IRE1 axis: non‐conventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA ‐ The PERK axis: attenuation of translation ‐ The ATF6 axis: regulated proteolytic activation • ER stress–induced apoptosis • ER stress and autophagy • The UPR and neurodegenerative disease ‐ Alzheimer's disease ‐ Parkinson's disease ‐ Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ‐ Prion diseases • Future perspectives
Using ephemeral clustering and query logs to organize web image search results on mobile devices

The recent shift in human-computer interaction from desktop to mobile computing fosters the needs of new interfaces for web image search results exploration. In this paper, we present two different strategies to cluster results gathered from an image search engine and propose an adapted interface for handled devices. For that purpose, we suggest to expand the original query based on labels of Ephemeral Clusters and compare it to a Query Log based approach. Consistent results were obtained for both strategies from manual and automatic evaluations, confirming that organizing image search results into clusters can improve mobile image information retrieval.
MIMO Underwater Visible Light Communications: Comprehensive Channel Study, Performance Analysis, and Multiple-Symbol Detection

This paper presents a comprehensive study of underwater visible light communications (UVLC), from channel characterization, performance analysis, and effective transmission and reception methods. To this end, we first simulate the fading-free impulse response (FFIR) of UVLC channels using Monte Carlo numerical procedure to take into account the absorption and scattering effects; and then to characterize turbulence effects, we multiply the aforementioned FFIR by a fading coefficient modeled as a lognormal random variable (RV) for weak oceanic turbulence. Based on this general channel model, we analytically study the bit error rate (BER) performance of UVLC systems with binary pulse position modulation (BPPM). In the next step, to mitigate turbulence effects, we employ multiple transmitters and/or receivers, i.e., we apply spatial diversity technique over UVLC links. Closed-form expressions for the system BER are provided, when an equal gain combiner is employed at the receiver side, thanks to the Gauss–Hermite quadrature formula as well as approximation to the sum of lognormal RVs. We further apply saddle-point approximation, an accurate photon-counting method, to evaluate the system BER in the presence of shot noise. Both laser-based collimated and light emitting diode based diffusive links are investigated. Additionally, in order to reduce the intersymbol interference (ISI), introduced by the multiple-scattering effect of UVLC channels on the propagating photons, we also obtain the optimal multiple-symbol detection (MSD) algorithm, as well as the suboptimal generalized MSD (GMSD) algorithm. Our numerical analysis indicate good matches between the analytical and photon-counting results implying the negligibility of signal-dependent shot noise, and also between the analytical results and numerical simulations confirming the accuracy of our derived closed-form expressions for the system BER. Besides, our results show that spatial diversity significantly mitigates fading impairments while (G)MSD considerably alleviates ISI deterioration.
High‐ and low‐conductance NMDA receptors are present in layer 4 spiny stellate and layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of mouse barrel cortex

N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ion channels activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate in the mammalian brain and are important in synaptic function and plasticity, but are also found in extrasynaptic locations and influence neuronal excitability. There are different NMDA receptor subtypes which differ in their single‐channel conductance. Recently, synaptic plasticity has been studied in the mouse barrel cortex, the primary sensory cortex for input from the animal's whiskers. Pharmacological data imply the presence of low‐conductance NMDA receptors in spiny stellate neurons of cortical layer 4, but of high‐conductance NMDA receptors in pyramidal neurons of layer 2/3. Here, to obtain complementary electrophysiological information on the functional NMDA receptors expressed in layer 4 and layer 2/3 neurons, single NMDA receptor currents were recorded with the patch‐clamp method. Both cell types were found to contain high‐conductance as well as low‐conductance NMDA receptors. The results are consistent with the reported pharmacological data on synaptic plasticity, and with previous claims of a prominent role of low‐conductance NMDA receptors in layer 4 spiny stellate neurons, including broad integration, amplification and distribution of excitation within the barrel in response to whisker stimulation, as well as modulation of excitability by ambient glutamate. However, layer 4 cells also expressed high‐conductance NMDA receptors. The presence of low‐conductance NMDA receptors in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons suggests that some of these functions may be shared with layer 4 spiny stellate neurons.
Trade Adjustment in the European Union - A Structural Estimation Approach

We estimate the elasticity of substitution of a country's imports, and that of its exports on the world market, for EU countries using sector level trade data. We present a new empirical strategy based on the identification scheme by Feenstra (1994), which enables the estimation of elasticities from data on exports. Moreover, our use of bootstrap methods allows us to obtain better elasticity measures, and to better characterize their accuracy. Our results show much heterogeneity in the estimates of the elasticity of substitution across industrial sectors. This, in turn, points to heterogeneity across countries, due to different production and trade structures. We obtain aggregate elasticities for the EU27 countries, with a mean of 3.5 for imports and 4.0 for exports, bringing us closer to traditional estimates and bridging the gap between the newer micro data estimates and the more traditional estimates found in the macroeconomic literature. JEL Classification: C23, F14, F47
Adaptive fuzzy tracking control for switched stochastic nonlinear systems with input constraint

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of uncertain strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems with input constraint under arbitrary switchings. The input constraint is approximated by a smooth function, and fuzzy logic systems are employed to identify the unknown nonlinear functions. On the basis of the backstepping technique and the common Lyapunov function method, a new adaptive fuzzy tracking control scheme is proposed, which ensures semi-globally uniformly ultimately boundedness in probability of all signals in the closed-loop systems and enables the reference signal to be tracked with bounded error. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.
A Deterministic Algorithm for Maximizing Submodular Functions

The problem of maximizing a non-negative submodular function was introduced by Feige, Mirrokni, and Vondrak [FOCS'07] who provided a deterministic local-search based algorithm that guarantees an approximation ratio of $\frac 1 3$, as well as a randomized $\frac 2 5$-approximation algorithm. An extensive line of research followed and various algorithms with improving approximation ratios were developed, all of them are randomized. Finally, Buchbinder et al. [FOCS'12] presented a randomized $\frac 1 2$-approximation algorithm, which is the best possible. This paper gives the first deterministic algorithm for maximizing a non-negative submodular function that achieves an approximation ratio better than $\frac 1 3$. The approximation ratio of our algorithm is $\frac 2 5$. Our algorithm is based on recursive composition of solutions obtained by the local search algorithm of Feige et al. We show that the $\frac 2 5$ approximation ratio can be guaranteed when the recursion depth is $2$, and leave open the question of whether the approximation ratio improves as the recursion depth increases.
Combining Imagination and Reason in the Treatment of Depression

Objective: Computerized cognitive-bias modification (CBM) protocols are rapidly evolving in experimental medicine yet might best be combined with Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT). No research to date has evaluated the combined approach in depression. The current randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate both the independent effects of a CBM protocol targeting imagery and interpretation bias (CBM-I) and the combined effects of CBM-I followed by iCBT. Method: Patients diagnosed with a major depressive episode were randomized to an 11-week intervention (1 week/CBM-I + 10 weeks/iCBT; n = 38) that was delivered via the Internet with no face-to-face patient contact or to a wait-list control (WLC; n = 31). Results: Intent-to-treat marginal models using restricted maximum likelihood estimation demonstrated significant reductions in primary measures of depressive symptoms and distress corresponding to medium-large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.62–2.40) following CBM-I and the combined (CBM-I + iCBT) intervention. Analyses demonstrated that the change in interpretation bias at least partially mediated the reduction in depression symptoms following CBM-I. Treatment superiority over the WLC was also evident on all outcome measures at both time points (Hedges gs = .59–.98). Significant reductions were also observed following the combined intervention on secondary measures associated with depression: disability, anxiety, and repetitive negative thinking (Cohen’s d = 1.51–2.23). Twenty-seven percent of patients evidenced clinically significant change following CBM-I, and this proportion increased to 65% following the combined intervention. Conclusions: The current study provides encouraging results of the integration of Internet-based technologies into an efficacious and acceptable form of treatment delivery.
An Investigation of Students’ Language Learning Strategies Used in Mastering Speaking Skill

This research aimed to investigate the students’ language learning strategies used in mastering speaking skill by the students in mastering speaking skill. The researcher applied mixed method research, Qual-quan model. The Population of this research was the fourth semester students of English and Literature Department of UIN Alauddin Makassar. The Sample was the fourth semester students of English and Literature department, which consist of 15 students choosed randomly. This research used simple random sampling technique. This research applied think aloud and questionnaire as the instrument. The result of this study showed that students’ language learning strategies used in mastering speaking skill were (1) memorizing vocabularies and using picture categorized as memory strategies (2) listening to the music, watching English video, watching English movie, watching English TV program, listing difficult vocabularies, using dictionary, practicing, reading English text, speaking alone, repeating, guessing, doing conversation, repeating were categorized as cognitive strategies (3) Joining the club meeting and getting course, were categorized as metacognitive strategies (4) using similar word was categorized as compensation strategies. (5) Speaking with their friend and speaking alone or herself were categorized as social strategies and (6) discussing problem was categorized as affective strategies.
The semantic level in HMS design: constraints, scale types and representational forms

Motivation -- A conceptual analysis of the semantic level in Human-Machine Systems (HMS) design is suggested and a revision of the approach of Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) is outlined. Specifically the role of scales and representational forms in Ecological Interface Design (EID) as well as the principles of information integration should be reconsidered. Research approach -- Conceptual analysis of theoretical and methodological issues in CSE and EID. Findings/Design -- Although EID is justifiably seen as the most advanced theory and methodology within CSE, it has a limited focus on direct perception of affordances and constraints in the work domain -- leaving aside other issues such as e.g. representational forms in general and the role of scale types and scale transformations. Research limitations/Implications -- The semiotic framework for analysing the semantic level in Human Machine Systems design needs to show its impact on actual design methodologies, i.e. through cases on integrated design of processes, automation, and HMS. Originality/Value -- Clarification of conceptual issues in CSE-based HMS design is attempted and it is sketched how a semiotics of representation design could be an addition to the conceptual foundation of CSE. Take away message -- A shift in conceptual orientation of design for safety can be obtained by elaborating the implicit semiotics of CSE and EID into an explicit semiotics of representation design.
Transgenic Expression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 by Murine B Cells Enhances the In Vivo Antipolysaccharide, but Not Antiprotein, Response to Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae12

IgG antipolysaccharide (PS) and antiprotein responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) are both CD4+ T cell dependent. However, the primary IgG anti-PS response terminates more quickly, uses a shorter period of T cell help, fails to generate memory, and is more dependent on membrane Ig (mIg) signaling. We thus determined whether this limited anti-PS response to Pn reflected a greater propensity of PS-specific B cells to undergo apoptosis. We used mice that constitutively expressed the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 as a B cell-specific transgene. Both transgenic (Tg) mice exhibited increased absolute numbers of splenic B-1 and peritoneal B-1b and B-2 cells, subsets implicated in anti-PS responses, but not in marginal zone B (MZB) cells. Both Tg mouse strains elicited, in an apparently Fas-independent manner, a more prolonged and higher peak primary IgM and IgG anti-PS, but not antiprotein, response to Pn, but without PS-specific memory. A similar effect was not observed using purified PS or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. In vitro, both splenic MZB and follicular Tg B cells synthesized DNA at markedly higher levels than their wild-type counterparts, following mIg cross-linking. This was associated with increased clonal expansion and decreased apoptosis. Using Lsc−/− mice, the Pn-induced IgG response specific for the capsular PS was found to be almost entirely dependent on MZB cells. Collectively, these data suggest that apoptosis may limit mIg-dependent clonal expansion of PS-specific B cells during a primary immune response to an intact bacterium, as well as decrease the pool of PS-responding B cell subsets.
North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1-Like Virus

ABSTRACT The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) was derived through reassortment of North American triple reassortant and Eurasian avian-like swine influenza viruses (SIVs). To date, when, how and where the pH1N1 arose is not understood. To investigate viral reassortment, we coinfected cell cultures and a group of pigs with or without preexisting immunity with a Eurasian H1N1 virus, A/Swine/Spain/53207/2004 (SP04), and a North American triple reassortant H1N1 virus, A/Swine/Kansas/77778/2007 (KS07). The infected pigs were cohoused with one or two groups of contact animals to investigate viral transmission. In coinfected MDCK or PK15 continuous cell lines with KS07 and SP04 viruses, more than 20 different reassortant viruses were found. In pigs without or with preexisting immunity (immunized with commercial inactivated swine influenza vaccines) and coinfected with both viruses, six or seven reassortant viruses, as well as the parental viruses, were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from the lungs. Interestingly, only one or two viruses transmitted to and were detected in contact animals. No reassortant containing a gene constellation similar to that of pH1N1 virus was found in either coinfected cells or pigs, indicating that the reassortment event that resulted in the generation of this virus is a rare event that likely involved specific viral strains and/or a favorable, not-yet-understood environment. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic-like H1N1 virus could not be reproduced either in cell cultures or in pigs coinfected with North American triple reassortant H1N1 and Eurasian H1N1 swine influenza viruses. This finding suggests that the generation of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus by reassortment was a rare event that likely involved specific viral strains and unknown factors. Different reassortant viruses were detected in coinfected pigs with and without preexisting immunity, indicating that host immunity plays a relevant role in driving viral reassortment of influenza A virus. The 2009 pandemic-like H1N1 virus could not be reproduced either in cell cultures or in pigs coinfected with North American triple reassortant H1N1 and Eurasian H1N1 swine influenza viruses. This finding suggests that the generation of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus by reassortment was a rare event that likely involved specific viral strains and unknown factors. Different reassortant viruses were detected in coinfected pigs with and without preexisting immunity, indicating that host immunity plays a relevant role in driving viral reassortment of influenza A virus.
The Clique Partition Problem with Minimum Clique Size Requirement 1

Given a complete graph Kn = (V;E), with edge weight ce on each edge, we consider the problem of partitioning the vertices of graph Kn into subcliques that each have at least S vertices, so as to minimize the total weight of the edges that have both endpoints in the same subclique. It is an extension of the classic Clique Partition Problem that can be well solved using triangle inequalities, but the additional size requirement here makes it much harder to solve. The previously known inequalities are not good enough to solve even a small size problem within a reasonable amount of time. In this paper, we’ll discuss the polyhedral structure and introduce new kinds of cutting planes: pigeon cutting planes and ∞ower cutting planes. We will report the computational results with a branch-and-cut algorithm conflrming the strength of these new cutting planes.
APOE4 Allele Disrupts Resting State fMRI Connectivity in the Absence of Amyloid Plaques or Decreased CSF Aβ42

Identifying high-risk populations is an important component of disease prevention strategies. One approach for identifying at-risk populations for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is examining neuroimaging parameters that differ between patients, including functional connections known to be disrupted within the default-mode network. We have previously shown these same disruptions in cognitively normal elderly who have amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques [detected using Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) PET imaging], suggesting neuronal toxicity of plaques. Here we sought to determine if pathological effects of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) genotype could be seen independent of Aβ plaque toxicity by examining resting state fMRI functional connectivity (fcMRI) in participants without preclinical fibrillar amyloid deposition (PIB−). Cognitively normal participants enrolled in longitudinal studies (n = 100, mean age = 62) who were PIB− were categorized into those with and without an APOE4 allele and studied using fcMRI. APOE4 allele carriers (E4+) differed significantly from E4− in functional connectivity of the precuneus to several regions previously defined as having abnormal connectivity in a group of AD participants. These effects were observed before any manifestations of cognitive changes and in the absence of brain fibrillar Aβ plaque deposition, suggesting that early manifestations of a genetic effect can be detected using fcMRI and that these changes may antedate the pathological effects of fibrillar amyloid plaque toxicity.
Conceptual progress in understanding fear of crime in railway stations

As investigacoes anteriores mostram que existem discordâncias entre as taxas do crime reais e as percepcoes e as crencas sobre o crime. A probabilidade de ocorrencia de incidentes ameacadores e o seu impacto potencial sao o alvo deste estudo que trata da maneira como as caracteristicas psicologicas e ambientais podem influenciar o medo do crime nos utentes das estacoes ferroviarias. Partindo da saliencia das avaliacoes individuais dos passageiros acerca da probabilidade e do impacto de serem vitimas do crime (baseadas nas suas experiencias e observacoes), a analise dos dados mostrou que as conceptualizacoes acerca do impacto e da probabilidade sao multifacetadas. Os diferentes tipos de ameaca influenciaram as avaliacoes, incluindo quer as ameacas psicologicas e fisicas resultantes de accoes de outrem. As implicacoes destes resultados para o planeamento e a gestao dos espacos das estacoes ferroviarias sao discutidas. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i2. 370
Analysis of the “Sonar Hopf” Cochlea

The “Sonar Hopf” cochlea is a recently much advertised engineering design of an auditory sensor. We analyze this approach based on a recent description by its inventors Hamilton, Tapson, Rapson, Jin, and van Schaik, in which they exhibit the “Sonar Hopf” model, its analysis and the corresponding hardware in detail. We identify problems in the theoretical formulation of the model and critically examine the claimed coherence between the described model, the measurements from the implemented hardware, and biological data.