Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-Professional Collaboration: Perceptions and Practices with Youth with Complex Problems

Youth with complex problems are frequently served by multiple public systems, including mental health, child welfare, juvenile justice, and education. Effective inter-professional collaboration is necessary to meet the needs of these youth, yet relationships among individual characteristics of service providers and their collaborative activities have not been examined. This study explores inter-professional beliefs, perceived competencies, and practices of licensed social workers serving youth with complex problems, using data from the National Association of Social Workers Workforce Study. Our analyses suggest that perceived importance of collaboration may contribute to and predict collaborative activities (B = 1.05, SE = .13,β = .30, p < .001) and this relationship remained positive and significant after controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, years of practice experience, and sector of employment. Better understanding of these inter-professional beliefs, competencies, and practices may help identify training, workforce development, and supervision needs for forensic social work with this vulnerable population.
Managerial entrenchment and the value of dividends

This study examines the effects of takeover defenses on the value implication of dividends. Using the framework of Fama and French in J Finance 53(3): 819–843 (1998), the paper shows that dividends paid by managers with strong managerial power resulting from takeover protection measures are more valued in the stock market. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the agency costs of free cash flow built on by Jensen in Am Econ Rev 76(2): 323–329 (1986) in the sense that dividends are important to determine firm value by reducing the free cash flow that would otherwise be deployed for private benefits by entrenched managers. This paper also examines whether the incremental value effect of dividends in entrenched firms is attributable to a numerator effect (changes in the future cash flow) or a denominator effect (changes in the discount rate). The empirical results show that the dividend payout of such firms is more positively related to future performance and more negatively related to information risk, which supports both numerator and denominator effects.
Economic and Social Perspectives of Immigrant Children in Germany

Overall, children in Germany live in households with below average incomes; therefore social policies that address the vulnerable position of Germany’s children are necessary. These policies should cover targeted financial transfers as well as improvements in day care provision for children. With respect to selected non-monetary as well as monetary indicators our empirical analyses show significant differences in current living conditions between native born German children and those born to immigrants of German descent and foreign origin persons. Education is a key indicator for future economic and social perspectives. In principle, there is no formal "discrimination" of immigrant children by the German school system. However, low educational attainment levels are still being transferred from one immigrant generation to the next. The net result is that children of immigrants are not able to close the educational gap between themselves and their native German counterparts. The probable long-term consequence will be a large number of poorly qualified persons in the work force, who are much more likely to face severe labor market problems and as such will be a problem for the German economy as a whole for many years to come.
Interactions between mortgage and other capital markets in the USA: has financial deregulation made a difference?

The degree of short- and long-term interreactions between the mortgage and other capital markets in the USA is explored. The study also investigates whether financial market deregulation impacts the underlying interrelations. Theory alone provides little practical guidance on both issues. The empirical results are derived from monthly data using multivariate models and numerous sensitivity tests. The results consistently support regulators’ common posture that the mortgage market is essentially localized over the long term. Nevertheless, the results do show that the mortgage market exhibits pronounced short-term interrelations with other capital markets, especially the long-term Treasury security market. Compelling evidence is also found that financial market deregulation had little impact on the degree of markets’ interrelations.
Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human peripheral blood leukocytes following an acute in vitro exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields

Human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers have been employed to investigate the induction of genotoxic effects following 2 h exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation. The GSM signal has been studied at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. The exposures were carried out in a waveguide system under strictly controlled conditions of both dosimetry and temperature. The same temperature conditions (37.0 ± 0.1 °C) were realized in a second waveguide, employed to perform sham exposures. The induction of DNA damage was evaluated in leukocytes by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay, while structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were evaluated in lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Alterations in kinetics of cell proliferation were determined by calculating the mitotic index. Positive controls were also provided by using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for comet assay and mitomycin‐C (MMC), for chromosome aberration, or sister chromatid exchange tests. No statistically significant differences were detected in exposed samples in comparison with sham exposed ones for all the parameters investigated. On the contrary, the positive controls gave a statistically significant increase in DNA damage in all cases, as expected. Thus the results obtained in our experimental conditions do not support the hypothesis that 900 MHz radiofrequency field exposure induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes in this range of SAR. Bioelectromagnetics 26:258–265, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shocks to macroeconomic state variables and the risk premium of REITs

Following the work of Chen, Roll, and Ross (Journal of Business, 59, 383–403, 1986), there has been considerable work examining the influence of macroeconomic state variables on the excess returns of REITs. While most of the previous research has focused on the examination of equity REITs, this paper examines the three broad classification of REITs: equity, mortgage, and hybrid. This exploratory study identifies the response of REIT excess returns to unexpected changes in the broader stock market, real output growth, inflation, term structure of interest rates, default risk, and the federal funds rate using the generalized impulse response analysis.
How Should We Measure Consumer Confidence

Research on consumer confidence has mainly sought to evaluate the power of available data to predict economic outcomes. In contrast, this article considers how best to measure consumer confidence. We analyze the responses to eight questions that have appeared recently on the Michigan Survey of Consumers; four elicit expectations in the traditional qualitative manner and four use a newer "percent chance" format. Examination of the responses suggests three implications. It makes more sense to ask for expectations of events directly relevant to individual economic decisions than for predictions of general business conditions. Surveys should shift away from qualitative questions in favor of ones eliciting subjective probability judgments. While aggregating responses into an index of consumer confidence may provide simple summary statistics, results should also be presented on a question-by-question basis for different subgroups of the population.
Inferences About Sexual Orientation: The Roles of Stereotypes, Faces, and The Gaydar Myth

In the present work, we investigated the pop cultural idea that people have a sixth sense, called “gaydar,” to detect who is gay. We propose that “gaydar” is an alternate label for using stereotypes to infer orientation (e.g., inferring that fashionable men are gay). Another account, however, argues that people possess a facial perception process that enables them to identify sexual orientation from facial structure. We report five experiments testing these accounts. Participants made gay-or-straight judgments about fictional targets that were constructed using experimentally manipulated stereotypic cues and real gay/straight people's face cues. These studies revealed that orientation is not visible from the face—purportedly “face-based” gaydar arises from a third-variable confound. People do, however, readily infer orientation from stereotypic attributes (e.g., fashion, career). Furthermore, the folk concept of gaydar serves as a legitimizing myth: Compared to a control group, people stereotyped more often when led to believe in gaydar, whereas people stereotyped less when told gaydar is an alternate label for stereotyping. Discussion focuses on the implications of the gaydar myth and why, contrary to some prior claims, stereotyping is highly unlikely to result in accurate judgments about orientation.
Economic Growth, Health and Poverty: An Exploratory Study for India

This article analyses the possible links between economic growth, poverty and health, using panel data for the Indian states. The findings indicate that, though growth tends to reduce poverty, significant improvements in health status are also necessary for poverty to decrease. Also, economic growth and health status are positively correlated and have a two-way relationship, suggesting that better health enhances growth by improving productivity, and higher growth allows better human capital formation. Health expenditure is an important determinant of both higher growth and better health status, and is therefore a key tool available to policy-makers. Among other exogenous variables, literacy and industrialisation seem to improve both health outcomes and growth, and to reduce poverty.
R&D effects of incomplete procurement contracts

This paper examines auctions of incentive contracts, where the principal (a government agency) contracts with a private vendor to supply a given quantity. The contract is incomplete as the agent's research behaviour is unobservable and is not in the principal's objective function. The agent, however, has an incentive to engage in research. Therefore, the principal's actions inadvertently affect research spending. It is shown that the agent's optimal research spending responds to changes in contractual design. In general, the agent's research response is dependent upon the size of the bid and the probability of product innovation. Policy implications are discussed.
Periodic Review Production Models With Variable Yield And Uncertain Demand

Abstract A periodic-review production model with variable yield (uncertain supply) and uncertain demand is formulated and investigated. First, we provide a complete analysis of the final (single) period problem. The order point turns out to be unaffected by the yield distribution, but the expected yield corresponding to optimal lot size generally does not equal the difference between the order point and initial stock. We then explore properties of the two-period problem, the solution of which is generally non-myopic. Finally, the solution structure of the n-period problem is reported.
Goitre Prevalence, Urinary Iodine and Salt Iodisation Level in a District of West Bengal, India

Objectives: We carried out a study to assess the prevalence of goitre, measure urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels and to estimate salt iodine content at the household level in Howrah district of West Bengal, India. Methods: Study Design: This is a Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in September–December 2006. Setting: Primary schools located in 30 clusters (villages and wards) randomly selected through <5001>30 cluster<5002> sampling methodology. Participants: 2400 school children, aged 8–10 years. Indicators: The indicators used in this study to assess for IDD were recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Goitre was assessed clinically by the standard palpation technique. The urinary iodine excretion level was analyzed by the wet digestion method. Salt samples consumed at the household level were collected and tested by the spot iodine testing kit to measure iodine content. Results: The Total Goitre Rate (TGR) was 13.7% (95% CI = 12.3–15.1%). Grade 1 was 11.4% and Grade 2 (visible goitre) was 2.3%. The TGR was influenced by the age and sex factors but not by religion and residence. The median urinary iodine excretion level was 13 μg/dL (normal range: 10–20 μg/dL) and none had a value less than 5 μg/dL. There was significant negative correlation between UIE levels and the age and place of residence factors. Almost 80% of salt samples tested had adequate iodine content (≥ 15 ppm). Consumption of iodized salts was lower among Hindus and in rural area. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Howrah district is in a transition phase from iodine deficiency to iodine sufficiency.
Child Labour in the sports goods industry : Findings from a survey in selected bastis of Jalandhar

Primary data collected from selected bastís of Jalandhar showed that 9.6% of the total labour engaged in the stitching of inflatable balls was child labour. The working hours for these children was far in excess of the statutory limit as provided under the Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986. Moreover, as the work of ball stitching is outsourced by contractors and done in the household, children engaged in this activity are not covered by the health and safety benefits that factory workers are entitled to. The children work to augment family income. Also, one of the factors at the root of child labour in Jalandhar is the perception that the education imparted in schools does not make one fit for jobs, so the sooner the children learn job-related skills, the better it is for them. Vocational education, if provided, would facilitate both education and skill training. Another measure could be to bring household labour under the scope of the law, so that children can not be put to work
Inhibition of viral replication by nitric oxide and its reversal by ferrous sulfate and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites

IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) in the murine macrophage-derived cell line RAW 264.7 was previously shown to inhibit replication of the poxviruses ectromelia and vaccinia (VV) and HSV-1. In the current study we demonstrate that murine macrophages activated as a consequence of VV infection express inducible nitric oxide synthase. These activated macrophages were resistant to infection with VV and efficiently blocked the replication of VV and HSV-1 in infected bystander cells of epithelial and fibroblast origin. This inhibition was arginine dependent, correlated with nitrite production in cultures, and reversible by the NOS inhibitor N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine. NO- mediated inhibition of VV replication was studied by treatment of virus- infected human 293 cells with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl- penicillamine. Using a VV-specific DNA probe, antibodies specific for temporally expressed viral proteins, and transmission electron microscopy, we have shown that NO inhibited viral late gene protein synthesis, DNA replication, and virus particle formation, but not expression of the early proteins that were analyzed. Putative enzymatic targets of NO were identified by reversing the NO-mediated inhibition of VV replication in the 293 cells with exogenous ferrous sulfate and L- cysteine. Reversal of inhibition may derive from the capacity of these reagents to protect or regenerate nonheme iron or thiol groups, respectively, which are essential for the catalytic activities of enzymes susceptible to inactivation by NO.
A Macroeconomist’s View on EU Governance Reform: Why and How to Establish Policy Coordination?

This paper discusses the need for macroeconomic policy coordination in the E(M)U. Coordination of national policies with cross-border effects does not exist at the macroeconomic level, although requested by the EU Treaty. The need for coordination stems from current account imbalances, which origin in market-induced capital flows, destabilizing the real exchange rates between low and high wage countries. The recent attempts of the Commission and the European Council to reform E(M)U governance do not address this problem and thus remain incapable to protect against future instability. Macroeconomic coordination needs (i) a clear identification of union-wide employment goals, and (ii) the establishment of a high level institution responsible for coordination following these objectives. The paper proposes a High Representative for Economic Policy, equipped with an appropriate office and supported by a Council of Economic Advisers committed to the union-wide objectives.
The perceived destination image of Hong Kong on Ctrip.com

This study examines the perceived destination image of Hong Kong among visitors from mainland China, as revealed on the travel blog of Ctrip.com. Textual analysis and the overall evaluation scores of 2247 blog entries indicate that this image is positive in all aspects among these visitors. They are particularly impressed by the shopping experience, as both product quality and prices are considered competitive in Hong Kong. These visitors also evaluate overall food quality highly, although the high price of food and accommodation leads to the perception that Hong Kong is an expensive tourist destination. Managerial implications are discussed. Copyright
Who Lost the Most? Financial Literacy, Cognitive Abilities, and the Financial Crisis

The recent financial crisis caused a shock to private wealth. Households with low financial literacy are less likely to own risky assets directly. Therefore, fewer of them report financial losses. More importantly, financially illiterate households are more prone to sell assets that have lost in value. Thereby losses become permanent, and these households do not participate in markets’ resurgence. This flight from risky assets is persistent—the financial crisis may prove to be a traumatic experience that shapes investment behavior and gives rise to serious distributional consequences, as households with lower financial literacy face lower returns in the long run.
The Effects of a Pull-out Enrichment Project on academically able 9- to 10-year olds: The Pate's Curriculum Enrichment Project

This paper provides an overview of a pull-out enrichment project in Cheltenham targeted at academically able 9- to 10- year old (Year Five) children. The structure and curriculum of the project are detailed and the ways in which children have benefited from participation are discussed in the light of an evaluation of the programme, as are the drawbacks. The benefits of key aspects of the project are highlighted for schools that might be interested in setting up similar programmes.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, perceived earnings quality and cost of capital

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on market-based measures of earnings quality and cost of capital. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses empirical data to determine measures for the market's perception of earnings quality and the Findings - The results indicate that in the post-SOX period, the market's perception of earnings quality has improved, while the firms' cost of equity capital has decreased. Research limitations/implications - At a time when debate is raging as to the overall impact of SOX on the US economy, this study provides some evidence as to its beneficial nature. A limitation is that the method of computing restricts the sample, potentially creating biases. Originality/value - This is the first study to investigate the impact of SOX on the market's perception of earnings quality and the firms' cost of equity capital.
Education, Training and the Flexible Labour Market

Abstract This paper seeks to describe and examine the changing world of work and in particular the promotion of the Flexible Labour Market and consider the implications for education and training. The Flexible Labour Market is currently the centrepiece of the British Government's economic and employment policy. Two interpretations of flexibility are refined: flexibility of skills (multi‐skilling) and flexibility of conditions with its connotations of uncertain and episodic opportunities for work. The paper then considers the current challenge for education and training to enable young people to understand, and engage in, what is predicted to be an uncertain social world.
The Effect of FDI on Local Education Expenditures: Evidence from the United States

The intense competition for foreign direct investment (FDI) by state and local governments within the United States has raised concerns among some that this leads to the underprovision of public services and possibly welfare losses for local communities. Economic analysis of this hypothesis yields mixed results. This paper investigates the impact of FDI on local education expenditures both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical model shows an ambiguous impact of FDI on local expenditures for education. Empirically using US state‐level data from 1991 to 2000 and the system‐GMM estimator that controls for fixed effects, times series issues and endogeneity, I find evidence that FDI is positively correlated with increased expenditures on education.
Alternative tests of agency theories of callable corporate bonds

According to agency theories, the prevalence of callable bonds arises from asymmetric information, a risk incentive or asset substitution problem, or an under investment problem. These theories are difficult to distinguish empirically because there are no direct measures of agency costs. Previous studies have found support for agency theories as a group, focusing on whether a bond has a call provision. We examine several areas in which the various theories are distinguishable: the subsequent rating changes of the bonds, the distribution of first call dates, the investment activity of bond issuers, and the value of the call options. We also examine trends in the use of call options over time. Based on a sample of industrial bonds issued between 1987 and 1991, our alternative tests provide evidence against the three agency theories. We conclude that agency theory, while potentially important for some firms, is unlikely to be the most important explanation of callable corporate bonds.