Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary aflatoxin on fertility, hatchability, and progeny performance of broiler breeder hens

The effects of aflatoxin on egg production, fertility, hatchability, and progeny performance were investigated by feeding dietary aflatoxin at dose levels of 0,5, and 10 mug/g to mature broiler breeder hens for 4 weeks. Sixteen hens were used for each dietary dose level. Egg production decreased significantly during weeks 3 and 4 after initiation of toxin feeding for hens fed 10 and 5 mum of aflatoxin per g of diet respectively. Whereas fertility was not affected by dietary aflatoxin, hatchability of fertile eggs decreased significantly within week 1 of toxin feeding. Hatchability of fertile eggs collected during week 1 of the treatment period was 95.1, 68.9, and 48.5% for the control, 5- and 10-mug/g groups, respectively. At the dose levels used in this study, no latent effects of the aflatoxin or its metabolites were observed on the performance of surviving chicks. Six hens from each experimental groups were necropsied at the end of the 4-week treatment period. These birds exhibited typical symptoms of aflatoxicosis, including enlarged, fatty and friable livers, and enlarged spleens.
Burnout syndrome in physical therapists - demographic and organizational factors.

BACKGROUND Professional burnout results from prolonged exposure to chronic, job-related stressors. According to Christina Maslach, professional burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Literature includes a number of reports on burnout syndrome within health service, but hardly ever do they make any references to physiotherapists. The purpose of this study is assessment of the level of professional burnout in a group of physiotherapists and investigating relationships between the indices of burnout syndrome and selected demographic as well as organizational variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 151 physiotherapists with at least 3 years of experience, employed in various health service outposts in Krakow, Poland. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. A questionnaire for the description of socio-demographic and work characteristics was used as well. RESULTS Job burnout among the physiotherapists was manifested by an increased emotional exhaustion and decreased sense of personal achievement. Emotional exhaustion was significantly higher among physi cal therapists working with adults and employed in hospitals, depersonalization was higher among men, hospital workers and employees with seniority from 15 to 19 years, personal accomplishment was decreased among men and less-educated therapists. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed that indicators of burnout in physiotherapists are significantly associated with selected demographic and organizational variables. It is necessary to undertake a more exhaustive study of burnout in this group of employees, and implement elements of prevention.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in extreme elderly (age ≥85) Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: The Fushimi AF Registry

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Outer retinal changes following acute optic neuritis

Background: Retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell+inner plexiform (GCIP) layer thinning following multiple sclerosis-related acute optic neuritis (AON) is well described. However, whether AON results in changes in the inner nuclear (INL), outer plexiform (OPL), outer nuclear (ONL) and/or photoreceptor segment (PS) layers remains undetermined. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to determine if INL+OPL and/or ONL+PS changes occur following AON. Methods: Thirty-three AON patients underwent serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function testing (mean follow-up: 25 months). Longitudinal changes in retinal layer thickness were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression. Results: Four months following AON, the mean decrease in GCIP thickness relative to baseline was 11.4% (p < 0.001). At four months, a concomitant 3.4% increase in average ONL+PS thickness was observed (p < 0.001). The percentage decrease in GCIP thickness and increase in ONL+PS thickness were strongly correlated (r = −0.70; p < 0.001). Between months 4 to 12, ONL+PS thickness declined and, at 12 months, was no longer significantly different from baseline (mean change: 0.5%; p = 0.37). Similar, albeit less robust, changes in the INL+OPL were observed. Conclusions: Following AON, dynamic changes occur in the deep retinal layers, which are proportional to GCIP thinning. These novel findings help further our understanding of the biological and/or anatomical sequelae resulting from AON.
A New ONERA-CNES Slot Electron Model

A new model of electron flux in the Slot Region has been developed at ONERA. This model is based on several data sets, low altitudes data as POES or SAC-C measurements, but also data at higher altitudes as HEO1, HEO3, ICO and CRRES measurements. This model provides mean electron flux between and for energies between 0.1 MeV and 3 MeV. This model includes a confidence level which takes into account the dynamics of electron flux in the slot region.
Route-over vs mesh-under routing in 6LoWPAN

Transmission of IPv6 packets over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) was considered nearly impractical once. The size of IPv6 packets is much larger than the packet size of the IEEE 802.15. 4 data link layer. 6LoWPAN implements an adaptation layer between network and data link layers. Main purpose of the adaptation layer is to fragment and reassemble IPv6 packets. Implementation of the adaptation layer enhances the routing/forwarding decision of packets both network and adaptation layers. We can divide the routing scheme in 6LoWPAN into two categories: the mesh-under and the route-over, based on the routing decision taken on adaptation layer or network layer respectively. In this paper we perform an analytical comparison between these two schemes in terms of the packet/fragment arrival probability, the total number of transmissions and the total delay between source and destination. We also compare the selective fragment retransmission mechanism between mesh-under and route-over schemes.
Collagen Cross-Linking of the Boston Keratoprosthesis Donor Carrier to Prevent Corneal Melting in High-Risk Patients

Objective: To examine the clinical relevance and pathophysiology of Boston keratoprosthesis (B-KPro)-related corneal keratolysis (cornea melt) and to describe a novel method of preventing corneal melt using ex vivo crosslinked cornea tissue carrier. Methods: A review of B-KPro literature was performed to highlight cases of corneal melt. Studies examining the effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on the biomechanical properties of corneal tissue are summarized. The use of crosslinked corneal tissue as a carrier to the B-KPro is illustrated with a case. Results: Corneal melting after B-KPro is a relatively rare event, occurring in 3% of eyes during the first 3 years of postoperative follow-up. The risk of post-KPro corneal melting is heightened in eyes with chronic ocular surface inflammation such as eyes with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and mucous membrane pemphigoid. This chronic inflammation results in high tear levels of matrix metalloproteinases, the enzymes responsible for collagenolysis and corneal melt. Crosslinked corneal tissue has been shown to have stiffer biomechanical properties and to be more resistant to degradation by collagenolytic enzymes. We have previously optimized the technique for ex vivo corneal CXL and are currently studying its impact on the prevention of corneal melting after B-KPro surgery in high-risk eyes. Crosslinked carrier tissue was used in a 52-year-old man with familial aniridia and severe post-KPro corneal melt. The patient maintained his visual acuity and showed no evidence of corneal thinning or melt in the first postoperative year. Conclusion: Collagen crosslinking was previously shown to halt the enzymatic degradation of corneal buttons ex vivo. This study demonstrates the safety and potential benefit of using crosslinked corneal grafts as carriers for the B-KPro, especially in eyes at higher risk of postoperative melt.
Effects of Person-environment fit on employee attitudes and behaviors

Scholars have long been searching for ways to improve individual and organizational outcomes and theories of person-environment fit have suggested its importance in relation to employee attitudes and behaviors. However, previous research on fit has not been very successful in providing integrating knowledge and empirical evidence to support it. This dissertation seeks to explore the effects of P-E fit on employee attitudes and behaviors in the public and non-profit sectors. In order to achieve this objective, this study first provides a comprehensive review on conceptualizations, operationalizations, and measurement of P-E fit. Then, chapter three introduces two sets of subjective P-E fit measures (i.e., OFM and AFM) developed in this study based on the conceptualization of needs-supplies fit. Next, this study examines the effects of P-E fit, as a multi-dimensional construct, on employee attitudes and behaviors. The results from O-logit regression models show that P-E fit is an important determinant of satisfaction, commitment, and work motivation. Specifically, they suggest that P-O fit, compared to P-J fit, has a greater impact on organizational commitment and job satisfaction while the findings from OFM and AFM show a mixed result for work motivation. For the effects of P-E fit on behavioral outcomes, the results from this dissertation partially support that P-E fit is a significant predictor of prosocial behavior and employee absenteeism. For example, the evidence from OFM support that P-E fit is a positive determinant of employees’ civic participation but it does not explain the variations in volunteering hours of employees. Overall, the findings from this dissertation suggest that P-E fit is a significant determinant of employee attitudes while requiring further evidence regarding behavioral outcomes. Findings also suggest that P-O fit, compared to P-J fit, has a greater impact on employee attitudes and behaviors in the public and non-profit sectors. The sectoral differences for the effects of P-E fit have been also found in some areas. Chapter six discusses the implications of these findings as well as suggestions for future research on the topic.
Cancer Stem Cells of Differentiated B-Cell Malignancies: Models and Consequences

The concept of cancer stem cells has revolutionized our current vision of cancer development and was validated in solid tumors and cancers of the primitive hematopoietic compartment. Proof of the principle is still lacking, however, in malignancies of differentiated B-cells. We review here the current literature, which nevertheless suggests hierarchical organizations of the tumor clone for mostly incurable B-cell cancers such as multiple myeloma, lymphomas and B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We propose two models accounting for cancer stem cells in these contexts: a “top-to-bottom” clonal hierarchy from memory B-cells and a “bottom-to-top” model of clonal reprogramming. Selection pressure on the growing tumor can drive such reprogramming and increase its genetic diversity.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT EVALUASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA TERPADU MODEL WEBBED TEMA LINGKUNGAN

Kemampuan berpikir kritis penting dalam pembelajaran IPA terpadu, tetapi belum diperhatikan dengan detail karena alat evaluasi yang ada tidak dapat mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran IPA terpadu di sekolah. Perlu dilakukan pengembangan alat evaluasi untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dimiliki dan memudahkan menerapkan konsep yang telah dipelajarinya. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan ( R&D ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat evaluasi yang dikembangkan sangat layak digunakan dengan memperoleh skor rata-rata 82 (87,23%). Alat evaluasi yang dikembangkan juga mampu mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran IPA terpadu model webbed tema lingkungan yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil validasi ahli dan angket tanggapan guru yang mendapat skor maksimal 4. Alat evaluasi kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran IPA terpadu model webbed tema lingkungan yang dikembangkan terbukti layak digunakan dan dapat mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa. Critical thinking skills is important in natural science learning , but have not paid attention because there is not an evaluation tool that can evaluate students' critical thinking skills in schools . I t is necessary to develop an evaluation tool to determine the success rate of students in developing critical thinking skills and facilitate to apply concepts they have learned. The research method applied is the research and development (R & D ). The results showed that the developed evaluation tools reached a very decent average score of 82 ( 87.23% ) . T he evaluation tool also able to evaluate students' critical thinking skills in an natural science learning environment theme webbed models indicated by the results of the validation expert and teacher questionnaire responses received the maximum score of 4. It can be concluded that the evaluation tools students' critical thinking skills in an natural science learning environment theme webbed models proved to be feasible and can be used to evaluate students’ critical thinking skills.
Zielorientierungen und schulisches Lernen am Grundschulübergang

The transition from elementary to secondary school is a very important event in the life of every student that is associated with a decline in motivation (e.g., Anderman & Maehr, 1994). Achievement goals are considered part of motivation, which relation to school learning has often been proved (e.g., Schunk, Pintrich, Meece, 2008). There are no studies- especially in the German-speaking area- that investigated achievement goals with a representative sample for students in grade four. Thus, the question arises, whether achievement goals can be measured validly and reliable at the end of elementary school and how they are related to school achievement at this age. Furthermore, there is a lack of research investigating the development of achievement goals at the transition to different school tracks on the one hand and the longitudinal analysis of the relation between achievement goals and school achievement on the other hand. In this context, the reference-group effect on the development of achievement goals was examined. Current research on reference-group effects mostly referred to student academic self-concept, motivation, interest, and educational aspirations (e.g., Trautwein, Ludtke, Marsh, Koller & Baumert, 2006). Moreover, the question arises as to what the possible reference-group effect can be explained after controlling for student classroom grade in grade five. To answer the questions, the data of the TIMSS-transition study were analyzed. In studies 1 and 2 (N = 5,242 and N = 294) it was determined that achievement goals can be measured reliable and in most parts validly at the transition to secondary school. Furthermore, performance-approach goals turned out to be detrimental to school achievement. The focus of study 3 (N = 1,646) was the longitudinal analysis of achievement goals. A decline in all three types of achievement goals, independent of the school tracks, was proved. In addition, mastery goals were positively related to school achievement before and after the transition, whereas performance-approach goals were negatively related to school achievement at the end of elementary school and at the beginning of secondary school (academic track). In study 4 negative reference-group effects were found for self-concept and motivation. There was only a small effect on mastery goals. This effect disappeared after controlling for classroom grades in grade five. Overall, the results revealed a general decline in achievement goals at the transition to all school tracks and a detrimental effect of performance-approach goals on school achievement among this age group.
The social stratification of tongue shape for postvocalic /r/ in Scottish English

The sociolinguistic modelling of phonological variation and change is almost exclusively based on auditory and acoustic analyses of speech. One phenomenon which has proved elusive when considered in these ways is the variation in postvocalic /r/ in Scottish English. This study therefore shifts to speech production: we present a socioarticulatory study of variation of postvocalic /r/ in CVr words, using a socially-stratified ultrasound tongue imaging corpus of speech collected in eastern central Scotland in 2008. Our results show social stratification of /r/ at the articulatory level, with middle-class speakers using bunched articulations, while working-class speakers use greater proportions of tongue-tip and tongue-front raised variants. Unlike articulatory variation of /r/ in American English, the articulatory variants in our Scottish English corpus are both auditorily distinct from one another, and correlate with strong and weak ends of an auditory rhotic continuum, which also shows clear social stratification.
An Attachment Perspective on the Developmental Challenges of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents: The Need for Continuity of Caregiving from Family and Schools

Abstract Psychologists and educators need to be aware of developmental challenges that are present for gay and lesbian youth as well as the factors that are protective in negotiating homosexual orientation. This article reviews developmental tasks and trajectories in the adolescence period as well as central risk and protective factors. Attachment theory is used as the theoretical base to understand the impact that rejection of relationship connections can have on the development of gay and lesbian adolescents. The developmental challenges for gay and lesbian youth are addressed as are the frequent failure of families and schools to provide continuity of secure caregiving to these youth. School psychologists are challenged to promote and be part of a response that provides a secure base and promotes healthy development for gay and lesbian adolescents.
The Challenge of Collecting and Using Environmental Monitoring Data

The monitoring of ambient environmental conditions is essential to environmental management and regulation. However, effective monitoring is subject to a range of institutional, political, and legal constraints, constraints that are a product of the need for monitoring to be continuous, long lived, and well matched to the resources being studied. Political pressure or myopia, conflicting agency goals, the need for institutional autonomy, or a reluctance of agency scientists to pursue monitoring all may make it difficult for ambient monitoring to be effectively undertaken. Even if effective monitoring data is gathered, it may not be used in decision making. The inevitable residual uncertainty in monitoring data allows stakeholders to contest the use of monitoring in decision making. Structural solutions, e.g., the creation of agencies to conduct monitoring separate from management or regulation and prompt use of that data in decision making, may be the most promising solutions.
Proteomic Analysis of Differential Expression of Cellular Proteins in Response to Avian H9N2 Virus Infection of A549 Cells

In this study, differentially expressed proteins in A549 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) were investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Sixteen different spots between the groups (ratio > 2, p < 0.05) were identified with mass spectrometry identification. Proteins located in the downstream of the NF-κB and IFN transcription factor pathways were identified, e.g., ISG15. Actin and keratin were also identified, suggesting that the cytoskeleton may plays an important role in the AIV infection of mammalian cells. These findings could provide insights into the interaction between host and influenza viruses and might provide valuable information for clarifying the pathogenesis of viral infections as well.
Fluid Intelligence and the Cross-Frequency Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations

Abstract Several existing theoretical models predict that the individual capacity of working memory and abstract reasoning (fluid intelligence) strongly depends on certain features of neuronal oscillations, especially their cross-frequency coupling. Empirical evidence supporting these predictions is still scarce, but it makes the future studies on oscillatory coupling a promising line of research that can uncover the physiological underpinnings of fluid intelligence. Cross-frequency coupling may serve as the optimal level of description of neurocognitive processes, integrating their genetic, structural, neurochemical, and bioelectrical underlying factors with explanations in terms of cognitive operations driven by neuronal oscillations.
Dynamic Development of Action and Thought

Human activity is both organized and highly variable. Analysis of the variation illuminates the dynamic order in development, learning, and emotional change. Action is nowhere near as stable as the static conceptions of psychology predict. Dynamic structural analysis provides a framework and tools for analyzing the variation and detecting the order in it – the dynamic organization of self-constructed, socially embedded skills and activities (actions, thoughts, and emotions). Key discoveries and tools include: (1) the emergence of a series of cognitive abilities that form a universal scale for development and learning, (2) methods for analyzing microdevelopment and learning pathways, (3) tools for depicting emotional development, including affective splitting and cultural shaping, and (4) a model connecting cognitive growth with brain development. Keywords: brain development; cognition; dynamic structuralism; emotion; microdevelopment; skill theory; variation
Role of propolis (bee glue) in improving histopathological changes of the kidney of rat treated with aluminum chloride

Humans are frequently exposed to aluminum from various food additives, therapeutic treatments and the environment, and it can be potentially toxic. This study is aimed to elucidate the protective effects of propolis against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)‐induced histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in kidney tissues of rats. Sixty Wistar Albino male rats (average weight 250–300 g) were divided into three equal groups. The first served as a negative control. The second received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50). The third were administered AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw). Doses were given once daily via a gavage for 8 weeks every day. The results showed that shrunken glomeruli, intraglomerular congestion, loss of apical microvilli, degeneration of mitochondria and widened rough endoplasmic reticulum were also observed in the Proximal Convoluted Tubules of these animals. Treatment with propolis ameliorated the harmful effects of AlCl3; this was also proved histopathologically by the noticeable improvement in the renal tissues. There were also significant variations in the expressed of ki‐67 and p53 proteins. It can be concluded that propolis may be promising as a natural therapeutic agent in AlCl3‐induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress in rat kidneys. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1000–1010, 2014.