Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subcellular Compartmentalization of E2f Family Members Is Required for Maintenance of the Postmitotic State in Terminally Differentiated Muscle

Maintenance of cells in a quiescent state after terminal differentiation occurs through a number of mechanisms that regulate the activity of the E2F family of transcription factors. We report here that changes in the subcellular compartmentalization of the E2F family proteins are required to prevent nuclei in terminally differentiated skeletal muscle from reentering S phase. In terminally differentiated L6 myotubes, E2F-1, E2F-3, and E2F-5 were primarily cytoplasmic, E2F-2 was nuclear, whereas E2F-4 became partitioned between both compartments. In these same cells, pRB family members, pRB, p107, and p130 were also nuclear. This compartmentalization of the E2F-1 and E2F-4 in differentiated muscle cells grown in vitro reflected their observed subcellular location in situ. We determined further that exogenous E2F-1 or E2F-4 expressed in myotubes at levels fourfold greater than endogenous proteins compartmentalized identically to their endogenous counterparts. Only when overexpressed at higher levels was inappropriate subcellular location for these proteins observed. At these levels, induction of the E2F-regulated genes, cyclins A and E, and suppression of factors associated with myogenesis, myogenin, and p21Cip1was observed. Only at these levels of E2F expression did nuclei in these terminally differentiated cells enter S phase. These data demonstrate that regulation of the subcellular compartmentalization of E2F-family members is required to maintain nuclei in a quiescent state in terminally differentiated cells.
Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences.

Estimates of the prevalence of insomnia depend on the criteria used to define insomnia and more importantly the population studied. A general consensus has developed from population-based studies that approximately 30% of a variety of adult samples drawn from different countries report one or more of the symptoms of insomnia: difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, waking up too early, and in some cases, nonrestorative or poor quality of sleep.2 Conclusions from the NIH State-of-the-Science Conference held in June 2005 indicate that the addition of a diagnostic requirement that includes perceived daytime impairment or distress as a function of the insomnia symptoms results in approximately 10% prevalence of insomnia.3 Finally, the application of more stringent diagnostic criteria, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV),4 which includes the additional requirements that insomnia symptoms persist for at least 1 month and do not exclusively occur in the presence of another sleep disorder, mental disorder, or the direct physiological effects of a substance or medical condition, yields current prevalence estimates of approximately 6%. 5 Several well-identified risk factors for insomnia were reported by the State-of-the-Science Conference in June 2005.3 Age and gender are the most clearly identified demographic risk factors, with an increased prevalence in women and older adults. While the cause of this increased risk in the elderly is not well defined, it may be due to the partial decline in functionality of sleep control systems that may contribute to insomnia in this older population. Importantly, the presence of comorbid medical conditions is also a significant contributor to the increased prevalence of insomnia in the elderly. Additionally, in women, insomnia is more prevalent with both the onset of menses and menopause.6 Comorbid medical disorders,7 psychiatric disorders,8 and working night or rotating shifts9 all represent significant risks for insomnia. It is important to recognize that these factors do not independently cause insomnia, but rather they are precipitants of insomnia in individuals predisposed to this disorder. In fact, chronic illnesses are a significant risk for insomnia. It is estimated that the majority of people with insomnia (approximately 75%-90%) have an increased risk for comorbid medical disorders,7 such as conditions causing hypoxemia and dyspnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pain conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, a variety of primary sleep disorders as well as circadian rhythm disorders are frequently comorbid with and often lead to insomnia. Among the primary sleep disorders, restless legs synDEFINITION OF INSOMNIA
Thallium-201 Myocardial Imaging in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison of Intravenous Adenosine and Oral Dipyridamole

OBJECTIVE: To compare thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial perfusion imaging following intravenous adenosine and oral dipyridamole. DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, comparison. SETTING: Outpatient, university-affiliated clinic. PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. INTERVENTIONS: Planar 201Tl myocardial perfusion imaging following both intravenous adenosine 140 μg/kg/min for six minutes and oral dipyridamole suspension 300 mg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A comparison between adenosine and dipyridamole was made in the following areas: concordance in interpretation of 201Tl scintigrams, cardiac and noncardiac 201Tl uptake and clearance, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes, and adverse effects. RESULTS: The scintigraphic studies showed perfusion defects in 13 patients (87 percent) after dipyridamole and in 15 patients (100 percent) after adenosine. 201Tl uptake and clearance were quantitated in nine myocardial segments and in four extracardiac segments in each patient. 201Tl uptake was not significantly different between adenosine and dipyridamole studies in most cardiac regions. Extracardiac 201Tl uptake was significantly less in the liver and splanchnic regions following adenosine compared with dipyridamole. 201Tl clearance was not significantly different following adenosine and dipyridamole except in the anterolateral region in the anterior view. Hemodynamic changes following administration of intravenous adenosine and oral dipyridamole were not significantly different. Adverse effects were more common with adenosine than with dipyridamole. Adverse effects with adenosine were transient; however, adverse effects with dipyridamole were prolonged and required reversal with aminophylline in 2 patients. No patients required termination of the adenosine infusion or administration of aminophylline. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that adenosine 201Tl imaging may be a useful alternative to dipyridamole 201Tl imaging. Although adenosine produces more frequent adverse effects, they are generally better tolerated than those associated with dipyridamole.
Colorectal cancer in Guangdong Province of China: a demographic and anatomic survey.

AIM To determine the basic demographic features of colorectal cancer (CRC) in five hospitals located in four different areas of Guangdong Province, China. METHODS A review of patient records from 1986 to 2006 from five hospitals was conducted. Patient data was obtained, including age, gender, location of lesions, staging and histological type of CRC. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences in rates and a significance level of 0.05 was used. Univariate comparisons were made via Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Analysis was carried out on 8172 CRC patents, 6.1% (499/8172) of the patients were aged < or = 30 years. The peak incidence was between the ages 61-70 years (27.8%). The mean age at CRC diagnosis increased from 52 years (1986-1988) to 60 years (2004-2006) and the proportion of young CRC patients decreased from 8.0% to 5.9% over the same period. Of 8172 lesions, 4434 (54.3%) were located in rectum and 3738 (45.7%) in colon. The incidence of rectal cancer decreased significantly from 59.4% (1989-1991) to 51.8% (2004-2006) and right sided colon cancer increased from 40.6% to 48.2%. The mean age, anatomic distribution, histological type and differentiation degree were significantly different among the four geographical areas (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The hospitalization rate for CRC has increased in Guangdong in recent years. The characteristics of CRC from the five hospitals located in the four different areas of Guangdong Province are also different. Further studies are needed to assess more recent trend in the incidence and prevalence of CRC as well as the respective roles of genetic and environmental factors in CRC.
Organic Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Hypospadias and Cryptorchidism at Birth: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Background The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies hypospadias and cryptorchidism remain unclear. It has been suggested that maternal diet and environmental contaminants may affect the risk of these anomalies via placental or hormonal disturbances. Objectives We examined associations between organic food consumption during pregnancy and prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism at birth. Methods Our study includes 35,107 women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) who delivered a singleton male infant. Information about use of six groups of organically produced food (vegetables, fruit, bread/cereal, milk/dairy products, eggs, and meat) during pregnancy was collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Women who indicated that they sometimes, often, or mostly consumed organic foods in at least one of the six food groups were classified as organic food consumers in analyses. Hypospadias and cryptorchidism diagnoses were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. Results Seventy-four male newborns were diagnosed with hypospadias (0.2%), and 151 with cryptorchidism (0.4%). Women who consumed any organic food during pregnancy were less likely to give birth to a boy with hypospadias (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.70, based on 21 exposed cases) than women who reported they never or seldom consumed organic food. Associations with specific organic foods were strongest for vegetable (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.85; 10 exposed cases) and milk/dairy (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.17, 1.07; 7 exposed cases) consumption. No substantial association was observed for consumption of organic food and cryptorchidism. Conclusions Consumption of organically produced foods during pregnancy was associated with a lower prevalence of hypospadias in our study population. These findings were based on small numbers of cases and require replication in other study populations. Citation Brantsæter AL, Torjusen H, Meltzer HM, Papadopoulou E, Hoppin JA, Alexander J, Lieblein G, Roos G, Holten JM, Swartz J, Haugen M. 2016. Organic food consumption during pregnancy and hypospadias and cryptorchidism at birth: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Environ Health Perspect 124:357–364; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1409518
Improved Inference in Weakly Identified Instrumental Variables Regression

It is now well known that standard asymptotic inference techniques for instrumental variable estimation perform very poorly in the presence of weak instruments. Specifically, standard asymptotic techniques give spuriously small standard errors, leading investigators t oa pparently tight confidence regions which may be very far from the true parameter of interest. Whilemuch research has been done on inference in models with one right-hand-side endogenous variable, not much is known about inference on individual coefficients in models with multiple right-hand-side endogenous variables. In this paper we systematically investigate inference on individual structural coefficients in instrumental variables regression models with multiple righthand-side endogenous variables. We focus on the cases where instruments may be weak for all coefficients or only for a subset of coefficients. We introduce a new test statistic, the S-statistic, which has good properties under weak identification. We then evaluate existing techniques for performing inference on individual coefficients using Staiger and Stock’s weak instrument asymptotics, and perform extensive finite sample analyses using Monte Carlo simulations. It is now well known that standard asymptotic inference techniques for instrumental variable (IV) estimation perform very poorly in the presence of weak instruments. The failure is of the worst kind – false results are accompanied by reported confidence intervals which lend an appearance of great precision. That point estimates of coefficients do a poor job of telling us the true values of those coefficients is probably irremediable, after all if an equation is poorly identified then the data do not tell us much about the parameters of the system. In this paper we uncover test statistics and related confidence intervals that work quite well in the sense that they lead to reasonably accurate inference when instruments are poor and that are essentially identical to the usual asymptotic IV test statistics and confidence intervals when the instruments are good. This sort of performance under weak and strong identification respectively is important as it discourages practitioners’ natural tendency to cling to traditional methods which may give (spuriously) tight confidence bounds and erroneous inference. We make two contributions to inference when instruments are weak. First, we introduce a new test statistic, the S-statistic and associated confidence intervals. Second,
Comparative Evaluation of Top-N Recommenders in e-Commerce: An Industrial Perspective

We experiment on two real e-commerce datasets and survey more than 30 popular e-commerce platforms to reveal what methods work best for product recommendations in industrial settings. Despite recent academic advances in the field, we observe that simple methods such as best-seller lists dominate deployed recommendation engines in e-commerce. We find our empirical findings to be well-aligned with those of the survey, where in both cases simple personalized recommenders achieve higher ranking than more advanced techniques. We also compare the traditional random evaluation protocol to our proposed chronological sampling method, which can be used for determining the optimal time-span of the training history for optimizing the performance of algorithms. This performance is also affected by a proper hyperparameter tuning, for which we propose golden section search as a fast alternative to other optimization techniques.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: current perspectives

The term frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) refers to a group of progressive brain diseases, which preferentially involve the frontal and temporal lobes. Depending on the primary site of atrophy, the clinical manifestation is dominated by behavior alterations or impairment of language. The onset of symptoms usually occurs before the age of 60 years, and the mean survival from diagnosis varies between 3 and 10 years. The prevalence is estimated at 15 per 100,000 in the population aged between 45 and 65 years, which is similar to the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in this age group. There are two major clinical subtypes, behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia. The neuropathology underlying the clinical syndromes is also heterogeneous. A common feature is the accumulation of certain neuronal proteins. Of these, the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), the transactive response DNA-binding protein, and the fused in sarcoma protein are most important. Approximately 10% to 30% of FTLD shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, with mutations in the genes for MAPT, progranulin (GRN), and in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) accounting for more than 80% of familial cases. Although significant advances have been made in recent years regarding diagnostic criteria, clinical assessment instruments, neuropsychological tests, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and brain imaging techniques, the clinical diagnosis remains a challenge. To date, there is no specific pharmacological treatment for FTLD. Some evidence has been provided for serotonin reuptake inhibitors to reduce behavioral disturbances. No large-scale or high-quality studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment approaches in FTLD. In view of the limited treatment options, caregiver education and support is currently the most important component of the clinical management.
Differential perceptions of crime among the elderly

SOCIOLOGY ana CRIMINAL JUSTICE Scott, Alesxa B.S., University of Florida 1984 niffereni-. iai Percept-ions o*' Crime Among tne Elderly Advisor: Dr. Sandra Taylor Thesis Dated: April 21, 1986 This thesis examines tne interreiationsnips between tne fear or crime and selected socio-economic, demographic, anu environmental variables using age as a control variable. The data used in this study were a part of a data set compiled by Debro, t&. zL, (1980) on race ana crime. The study covers 621 respondents, of which 42 percent are maies ana 58 percent are females; 49 percent represent middle income ana 51 percent represent low income populations. Techniques included chi-square, analysis of variance, dummy variable analysis ana Finn's regression analysis. The major findings of the present stuay are tnat fear or crime is more prevalent among tnose wno reside in high crime neighborhoods, and in low income communities, among femaies, among persons witn low educational attainment,
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications

Abstract : This study examined the effects of tactile, visual, and auditory (spatial language and three-dimensional [3-D] audio) cues about threat location on target acquisition and the recall of information presented in visual and auditory communications. On average, participants hit 98% of the targets presented when cued about the location of targets compared to 64% in a baseline condition (no cues). When target location cues were provided, time to first shot was an average 26% faster; 23% more information was recalled from the auditory and visual communications, and overall workload scores were 17% lower. On average, time to first shot in the visual and spatial language modes was 13% faster than in the tactile condition and 26% faster than in the 3-D audio mode. Overall workload scores were an average 14% higher in the 3-D audio mode than in the other conditions in which target location cues were provided. Communications modality did not have a significant effect on either the amount of information recalled from the communications or on target acquisition. No interactions were found between communications modality and cue condition. However, on average, 10% more information was recalled from communications when target location cues were provided in the visual mode than in the other cue conditions.
An integrated model to estimate the accuracy of digital orthoimages from high resolution satellite imagery

In this work, a theoretical-empirical model has been developed for the modelling of the local geometric accuracy of digital orthoimages from panchromatic QuickBird Very High Resolution Satellite Imagery (VHRSI). The empirical component integrates the error of sensor orientation and its propagation to the orthoimage generation process. The theoretical component, mainly a geometrical study from QuickBird Image Metadata File, seeks to model the propagation of DEM error throughout the orthorectificacion process in addition to the previous errors of the bundle adjustment. For the goal of model developing and calibration, a panchromatic QuickBird Basic Imagery was acquired on 19 December 2004, registering a mean collected GSD of 0.62 m, off-nadir view angle of 8.4° and an azimuth and elevation angle of the satellite with respect to the centre of the image of 123.3° and 80.9° respectively. The QuickBird image employed covered an area of 17 x 18 Km over the district of Nijar, located at the North-East of Almeria city, Spain. It was centred on the UTM coordinates European Datum ED50 (easting and northing) of 577,848 and 4,087,277 m. The Toutin's 3D physical model was the selected method to compute the bundle adjustment and so to carry out the sensor orientation using PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine software v. 9.1. 7. On this score, 3D coordinates of 124 ground points were measured by means of high precision differential GPS techniques. From the whole set of ground points, a sub-set of 45 ones uniformly distributed was selected for the sensor orientation (GCPs), whereas the remaining 79 were used as independent check points (ICPs) to assess the performance of the developed model regarding to the average error of the final orthoimages. Inasmuch to the results, the empirical component, which takes into account the effect of pointing error and number and accuracy of GCPs on sensor orientation, presented an acceptable fitting to the experimental data, with a regression coefficient R 2 = 0.932. The theoretical component also offered good results, observing like the proposed model reproduces with reasonable accuracy the statistical behaviour of the 2D orthoimage errors measured at the 79 ground points checked. The findings obtained in this work could be used as a guide for the selection of appropriate operational parameters in projects related to digital cartography production and updating from QuickBird imagery.
Paired development of hair cells in neuromasts of the teleost lateral line

Lateral line neuromasts of the bullseye Parapriacanthus ransonetti and the cardinal fish Apogon cyanosoma were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Neuromasts showed large numbers of degenerating hair cells and immature hair cells, suggesting a high degree of hair cell turnover. New hair cells were mainly produced in pairs (fewer than 5% appear singly), the two cells of a pair having opposite but parallel orientations of their mechanosensitive axes. It is suggested that each pair results, directly or indirectly, from a single mitosis. The results further suggest that the axis of mitosis is one of the factors which determine the direction of the hair cell axis of mechanosensitivity.
Irish travellers : representations and realities

The "Traveller question" has been a major source of debate in Irish society for decades, centuries even, and appears no closer to being answered today. For as long as Travellers have roamed the roads of Ireland, they have been subjected to, at best, a sort of mythic, romanticised patronisation, and at worst, vilification and outright hostility - but always as the "other" of Irish ethnic identity. Micheal O hAodha closely examines how images of Travellers have been created and distorted over the centuries, from the nineteenth-century "gipsilorists" to late-twentieth-century anthropological studies. In particular, O hAodha focuses on the 1952 "Tinker Questionnaire", conducted by the Irish Folklore Commission, which remains the most comprehensive account to date of "settled" Irish people's attitudes to Travellers. The author concludes by reflecting on today's complex mixture of equality-driven calls for rights and respect with the largely media-driven stereotype that persists. Where, in all this, does the ever day reality of the Traveller community fit?