Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Management of Tumor Bleeding from Inoperable Gastric Cancer

Tumor bleeding is not a rare complication in patients with inoperable gastric cancer. Endoscopy has important roles in the diagnosis and primary treatment of tumor bleeding, similar to its roles in other non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases. Although limited studies have been performed, endoscopic therapy has been highly successful in achieving initial hemostasis. One or a combination of endoscopic therapy modalities, such as injection therapy, mechanical therapy, or ablative therapy, can be used for hemostasis in patients with endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage. However, rebleeding after successful hemostasis with endoscopic therapy frequently occurs. Endoscopic therapy may be a treatment option for successfully controlling this rebleeding. Transarterial embolization or palliative surgery should be considered when endoscopic therapy fails. For primary and secondary prevention of tumor bleeding, proton pump inhibitors can be prescribed, although their effectiveness to prevent bleeding remains to be investigated.
Doctoral Studies as Professional Development of Educators in the United States

SUMMARY This article addresses the potential of professional development through doctoral studies in the USA. It traces the progression of professional development through formal degree programmes from pre-service work through doctoral level studies. A small group of doctoral students enrolled in an interdisciplinary doctoral programme were interviewed about their motivation for undertaking doctoral studies, as well as their perceptions of the impact of doctoral studies on their professional development and the opportunities that emerge as part of earning the doctorate. Students' views about the value of the interdisciplinary component of the programme were consistent and matched the perceptions of programme administrators.
Challenges facing social work education in Africa

The social work profession in Africa has a dream to restore the ravaged human dignity and hope of millions of people. However, it faces enormous and seemingly insurmountable challenges in its attempt to help Africa realize the dream. The lack of an organization to oversee the education and training of social workers is perhaps the greatest challenge. Such organizations exist in various regions of the world: Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America and the Caribbean (International Association of Schools of Social Work [IASSW], 2009), and are responsible for shaping social work education in their areas of operation. Their mandate is the development and strengthening of social work capacity, research, stewardship and pedagogy, and the creation of official fora for promoting excellence among schools of social work. This is predicated on the understanding that social work education is fundamental to the process of human development. It equips students with, inter alia, knowledge, skills, relevant technologies and an appreciation of local philosophy. Social workers are foot soldiers on the front line in communities, mobilizing people to help themselves (Ambrosino et al., 2005; Piccard, 1988). There is thus a need to ensure that graduating students have the knowledge base and requisite tools of the trade for contextualized practice. A well-trained cadre of professional social workers will give credence to the belief that social work, as a ‘professional activity and creative enterprise in human service’ (Mwansa, 2005/6), is committed to the promotion of human rights and social justice, focusing specifically on the marginalized and disadvantaged. This article highlights challenges, perhaps better described as trials and tribulations, impeding the development of a strong social work organization in Africa. The idea is to stimulate debate and interest in the creation of an effective organization to
Mirror Neurons and Visuo-Motor Images in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Piaget and Inhelder's Data

Using a meta-analysis of Piaget and Inhelder's (1966) data on static reproductive images, we examined the link between Piaget's theory of mental imagery and the motor cognition hypothesis (MCH), which reflects the functional aspect of the mirror neuron systems. We confirmed that reproduction of complex visual models mediated by visuo-motor images was facilitated much more by children's own activity than simple observation of either the model or someone else's reconstruction. Critically, the influence of imitation over the images did not change with children's age. Thus, as Piaget hypothesized, imagery may indeed have a very close relationship with imitation. However, lack of age effects shows that the type of imitation involved in visuo-motor imagery likely does not develop gradually, as predicted by Piaget, but rather it may be grounded on mirror neurons. The latter may be interpreted as the plausible biological substrate of accommodation, validating a cornerstone of Piaget's general theory.
Atypical familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to mutations in UNC13D and STXBP2 overlaps with primary immunodeficiency diseases

Background Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a genetic disorder of lymphocyte cytotoxicity that usually presents in the first two years of life and has a poor prognosis unless treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Atypical courses with later onset and prolonged survival have been described, but no detailed analysis of immunological parameters associated with typical versus atypical forms of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has been performed. Design and Methods We analyzed disease manifestations, NK-cell and T-cell cytotoxicity and degranulation, markers of T-cell activation and B-cell differentiation as well as Natural Killer T cells in 8 patients with atypical familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to mutations in UNC13D and STXBP2. Results All but one patient with atypical familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis carried at least one splice-site mutation in UNC13D or STXBP2. In most patients episodes of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis were preceded or followed by clinical features typically associated with immunodeficiency, such as chronic active Epstein Barr virus infection, increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, granulomatous lung or liver disease, encephalitis or lymphoma. Five of 8 patients had hypogammaglobulinemia and reduced memory B cells. Most patients had a predominance of activated CD8+ T cells and low numbers of Natural Killer T cells. When compared to patients with typical familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, NK-cell cytotoxicity and NK-cell and CTL degranulation were impaired to a similar extent. However, in patients with an atypical course NK-cell degranulation could be partially reconstituted by interleukin-2 and cytotoxic T-cell cytotoxicity in vitro was normal. Conclusions Clinical and immunological features of atypical familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis show an important overlap to primary immunodeficiency diseases (particularly common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome) and must, therefore, be considered in a variety of clinical presentations. We show that degranulation assays are helpful screening tests for the identification of such patients.
The OE goes ‘home’: Cultural aspects of a working holiday experience

In this article we examine cultural aspects of the working holiday experience using the New Zealand Overseas Experience (OE) as a significant and revealing exemplar of this kind of travel. To date, the working holiday experience has been poorly served by tourism and migration literature in general terms, with even less attention paid to cultural aspects of these experiences in relation to both their origin and form. Using archival material and interview data on the OE as an empirical base, we explore in detail the cultural determination of this working holiday experience, the cultural connections that facilitate and reinforce its continuing form, and the hybrid cultural practices of the OE itself. Findings suggest that cultural aspects are central to the working holiday experience. We therefore suggest that the role of culture deserves more explicit attention in both tourism and migration studies that address such working holiday experiences.
Design and implementation of a high-performance distributed Web crawler

Broad Web search engines as well as many more specialized search tools rely on Web crawlers to acquire large collections of pages for indexing and analysis. Such a Web crawler may interact with millions of hosts over a period of weeks or months, and thus issues of robustness, flexibility, and manageability are of major importance. In addition, I/O performance, network resources, and OS limits must be taken into account in order to achieve high performance at a reasonable cost. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed Web crawler that runs on a network of workstations. The crawler scales to (at least) several hundred pages per second, is resilient against system crashes and other events, and can be adapted to various crawling applications. We present the software architecture of the system, discuss the, performance bottlenecks, and describe efficient techniques for achieving high performance. We also report preliminary experimental results based on a crawl of 120 million pages on 5 million hosts.
Distributed Skycube Computation with Anthill

Recently skyline queries have gained considerable attention and are among the most important tools for multi-criteria analysis. In order to process all possible combinations of criteria along with their inherent analysis, researchers introduced and studied the notion of \emph{skycube}. Simply put, a skycube is a pre-materialization of all possible subspaces with their associated skylines. An efficient skycube computation relies on the detection of redundancies in the different processing steps and enhanced result sharing between subspaces. Lately, the Orion algorithm was proposed to compute the skycube in a very efficient way. The approach relies on the derivation of skyline points over different subspaces. Nevertheless, because there are 2^{|D|} - 1 subspaces (where D is the set of dimensions) in a skycube, the running time still grows exponentially with the number of dimensions and easily becomes intractable on real-world datasets. In this study, we detail the distribution of Orion within a \emph{filter-stream} framework and we conduct an extensive set of experiments on large datasets collected from Twitter to demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
THE ROLE OF JOB EMBEDDEDNESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS WITH LEADER–MEMBER EXCHANGE AND ORGANIZATION‐BASED SELF‐ESTEEM

Although job embeddedness was originally conceptualized to explain job stability or “why people stay” in their organizations, this investigation examines the role of job embeddedness as a hypothesized moderator of relationships among leader–member exchange (LMX), organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and task performance. Findings from 2 studies involving 367 employees and 41 supervisors, 1 in a telecommunications company and another in a manufacturing setting, support hypotheses concerning job embeddedness as a moderator of the relationship between (a) LMX and task performance within a telecommunication sample and LMX and OCBs in a sample of manufacturing employees, and (b) OBSE and OCBs in a manufacturing sample. Further, a hypothesized 3-way interaction involving job embeddedness, LMX, and OBSE on task performance was found in a sample of manufacturing employees. The implications of these findings for studying and managing job embeddedness in relation to employee performance are discussed.
Faculty Perceptions and Experiences of Student Behavior: Does Gender Matter?

The authors explore gender differences in faculty perceptions and experiences of student behavior as well as in class workload and policies. Overall, more similarities were found between males and females than differences. Both genders report experiencing the same number of classroom disruptions, requests for exceptions to due dates, and similar levels of respect, and students seek advice on personal matters from them in equal numbers. However, some gender differences do exist. Females are more likely to report being addressed as fiMs.fl or fiMrs.fl rather than fiDr. ,fl and they believe that students see them as setting high standards and assigning a challenging workload more than males. Conversely, males are more likely to think that their students see them as experts, perceive them to have a lot of business experience, and consider them humorous. The information reported is an important start in assessing the academic climate in marketing departments for both genders.
Cellular pharmacokinetic mechanisms of adriamycin resistance and its modulation by 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rh2 in MCF‐7/Adr cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracellular pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs in multi‐drug resistance (MDR) cancer cells is hugely important in the evaluation and improvement of drug efficacy. By using adriamycin as a probe drug in MDR cancer cells, we developed a cellular pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) model to reveal the correlation between cellular pharmacokinetic properties and drug resistance. In addition, the ability of 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)‐Rh2) to reverse MDR was further investigated.
Characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable Bacteroides gingivalis proteases by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Profiles of the proteolytic activities found in Bacteroides gingivalis culture supernatants, outer membranes, vesicles, and cell extracts were analyzed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing covalently bound bovine serum albumin. A total of eight distinct bands of proteolytic activity could be detected. Four of these were found in the culture supernatant (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The outer membranes, vesicles, and the cell extract each contained seven major proteolytic bands (P1, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, and P8). No activity was found in the membrane-free extract, suggesting that the proteases were associated with the cell envelope. With the exception of P7 and P8, all the proteolytic bands were dependent on reducing agents for activity. The eight proteolytic bands were distributed in an identical manner in all four strains of B. gingivalis studied. The effects of protease inhibitors, pH, and heat were determined. Sulfhydryl group reagents and N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone reduced proteolytic activity. The optimum pH was found to be between 7 and 8. A 30-min preincubation at 50 degrees C inactivated the P6, P7, and P8 proteolytic bands. All proteolytic activity was lost after the samples were heated at 75 degrees C for 30 min.
Unrewarding Work, Coworker Support, and Job Satisfaction

Beneficial effects of social support in the workplace have received only limited attention from sociologists. Workgroup interactions, especially social support received from coworkers, may significantly contribute to job satisfaction. This article assesses the effects of coworker support on job satisfaction, paying particular attention to the nature and influence of instrumental coworker support both relative to and in conjunction with affective coworker support. The authors expect that both affective and instrumental social support will exert significant and independent effects on these outcomes and that instrumental support will buffer the effects of nonrewarding work on job satisfaction. These hypotheses are tested in a series of ordinary least squares regression models. Data are drawn from a nationally representative sample of 2,505 full-time employees. Study findings are consistent with a main effects model of workplace social support. Suggestions for the absence of buffering effects, implications for industrial policy, and future research efforts are offered.
Big City Mayors: Political Specialization and Business Domination in the 19Th and 20Th Centuries

ABSTRACT: An examination of mayoral recruitment in 19 major American cities from 1820 to 1995 finds that mayors are now more likely to have prior political experience, serve longer in office, and have previously served on city councils. They are also less likely to come from business backgrounds, and those mayors who are still in business are less likely to have big business and manufacturing backgrounds. A multivariate analysis of mayors serving between 1870 and 1995 indicates that mayors from business backgrounds are less likely to be selected when their cities have partisan elections, when their cities have a large African American population, and when mayors are machine candidates. This analysis also finds that the number of mayors with business backgrounds declines as the number of college graduates increases, even though (after 1896) political machines disappeared and more cities adopted reform (council manager and commission) governments.
Comparison of an Aggregate Scoring Method With a Consensus Scoring Method in a Measure of Clinical Reasoning Capacity

Background: Diversity of clinical reasoning paths of thought among experts is well known. Nevertheless, in written clinical reasoning assessment, the common practice is to ask experts to reach a consensus on each item and to assess students on a unique "good answer. " Purposes: To explore the effects of taking the variability of experts answers into account in a method of clinical reasoning assessment based on authentic tasks: the Script Concordance Test. Methods: Two different methods were used to build answer keys. The first incorporated variability among a group of experts (criterion experts) through an aggregate scoring method. The second was made with the consensus obtained from the group of criterion experts for each answer. Scores obtained with the two methods by students and another group of experts (tested experts) were compared. The domain of assessment was gynecology-obstetric clinical knowledge. The sample consisted of 150 clerkship students and seven other experts (tested experts). Results: In a context of authentic tasks, experts' answers on items varied substantially. Amazingly, 59% of answers given individually by criterion group experts differed from the answer they provided when they were asked in a group to provide the "good answer" required from students. The aggregate scoring method showed several advantages and was more sensitive to detecting expertise. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, in assessment of complex performance in ill-defined situations, the usual practice of asking experts to reach a consensus on each item reduces and hinders the detection of expertise. If these results are confirmed by other researches, this practice should be reconsidered.
Extrinsic cues and perceived risk: the influence of consumption situation

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the influence of consumption situation on the use of extrinsic cues, such as price and expert opinion, in the assessment of different types of risk associated to purchase decisions.Design/methodology/approach – An experimental design was conducted in a sample of 128 postgraduate students, using red wine as product category. The experiment manipulated consumption situation, price, and expert opinion about the product. Different types of risks associated with the purchase decision and purchase intention were then measured.Findings – Results suggest that consumption situation affects the use of price in the assessment of performance risk, but only in the case of negative expert opinion about the products. Additionally, expert opinion demonstrated to have a strong effect reducing performance risk and increasing intention to buy.Research limitations/implications – The main limitations of the present research are associated with the exploratory and inconclusive character.
Breast-conserving surgery and intraoperative electron radiotherapy in early breast cancer: experience at the Rambam Health Care Campus.

BACKGROUND Local recurrences after breast-conserving surgery occur mostly at the site of the primary carcinoma. The main objective of postoperative radiotherapy is sterilization of residual cancer cells. Whole-breast radiotherapy is the standard of care, but its utility has recently been challenged in favor of radiotherapy limited to the area at highest risk of recurrence. Intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT) is an innovative technique for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) that is applied to selected patients affected by early breast cancer. OBJECTIVES To describe our experience with IOeRT at the Rambam Health Care Campus in Haifa since we began utilizing this modality in 2006. METHODS From April 2006 to September 2010, 31 patients affected by unifocal invasive duct breast carcinoma < or = 2 cm diameter received wide local resection followed by intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons. Patients were evaluated for early and late complications, and other events, 1 month after surgery and every 3 months thereafter for the duration of the first 2 years. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 36 months, seven patients developed mild breast fibrosis and three suffered from mild postoperative infection. Rib fractures were observed in four patients before routine lead shielding was initiated. Additional whole-breast irradiation was given to four patients. None of the patients developed local recurrences or other ipsilateral cancers. Similarly, no contralateral cancers or distant metastases were observed. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative electron radiotherapy may be an alternative to external beam radiation therapy in an appropriate selected group of early-stage breast cancer patients. However, long-term results of clinical trials are required to better evaluate the indications and utility of this technique in the management of breast cancer.
Personality traits as a predictor of academic achievement in adolescents

The study examined the predictive value of adolescents’ personality trait ratings by different groups of informants in explaining academic achievement [grade point average (GPA)] while controlling for students’ sex and their mothers’ education. The Inventory of Child/Adolescent Individual Differences was employed as a measure of students’ personality traits at the end of elementary schooling (mean age = 14.7 years) and two years later when the participants attended secondary schools. The trait ratings were obtained through self‐, maternal and peer reports at both measurement occasions. They explained substantial portions of unique variance in the students’ GPA concurrently, and over time. Ratings by each of the three groups of informants had an incremental validity over one another in predicting school grades. Among personality variables, conscientiousness and low extraversion were consistently predictive of GPA.
Do Sentences in the Second Language Grow Like Those in the First

It seems now to be established that schoolchildren who are native speakers of English embed a larger and larger number of sentence constituents as they get older. This developmental trend can be demonstrated by having them rewrite a passage made up of exceedingly simple sentences. The developmental trend is demonstrable both in speech and writing. And skilled adult writers carry the same tendency still farther-at least in their writing. Various applications suggest themselves: (1) it should be possible to discover whether this trend is universal: whether it is characteristic of the development of native speakers of all languages; (2) perhaps, too, this measure might be found useful in measuring a person's command of a second language; and (3) since Mellon has shown that American seventh graders can be taught to carry this tendency farther than they normally do, it is possible that drill in sentence-embedding should be part of second language instruction.