Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus on Cytoskeletal Injury in Human Podocytes Are Mediated by RhoA Signaling

Podocytes are highly differentiated kidney cells playing an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Particularly, the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial as cytoskeletal damage associated with foot process effacement and loss of slit diaphragms constitutes a major aspect of proteinuria. Previously, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was linked to actin regulation and aberrant activity of the kinase was associated with renal disease. In this study, actin-related effects of mTOR inhibition by the immunosuppressant everolimus (EV) were investigated in human podocytes using an in vitro model of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) induced proteinuria. EV substantially recovered aberrant podocyte behavior by re-establishing a stationary phenotype with decreased migration efficiency, enhanced cell adhesion and recovery of actin stress fibers. Biochemical studies revealed substantial increase in the activity of RhoA and the effector pathway Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) by EV, all known regulators of stress fiber generation. Taken together, we show for the first time cytoskeleton stabilizing effects of the mTOR inhibitor EV and establish RhoA signaling as a key mediator in this process.
Attributions of Responsibility for Helping and Doing Harm: Evidence for Confusion of Responsibility

The social inhibition of helping is well documented, and this phenomenon has been explained in terms of the general processes of audience inhibition, social influence, and diffusion of responsibility. In the present research, we adapted the paradigm used in studies of the attribution of responsibility for an accident to examine a specific audience-inhibition process that may contribute to the social inhibition of helping. Evidence from two experiments showed that an individual who adopted the perspective of a helper following an accident expected to be held increasingly responsible by arriving onlookers for the victim's plight as the number of extant bystanders increased. Results also indicated that there was an objective basis for this expectation: Subjects who adopted the perspective of a newly arriving onlooker increasingly attributed responsibility for doing harm to the individual helping the victim in the accident as the number of bystanders described as already at the scene increased. The distinction between confusion and diffusion of responsibility is emphasized, and limitations to confusion of responsibility for accidents are discussed.
Prognostic value of reduced E-cadherin expression in breast cancer: a meta-analysis

The prognostic value of E-cadherin expression in patients with breast cancer has been studied for years, yet results remain controversial. We thus performed a comprehensive evaluation of the association between E-cadherin expression and prognosis through a meta-analysis. The databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched. A total of 7,353 patients from 33 studies were subject to final analysis. The results showed there was a significant association between reduced expression of E-cadherin and overall survival (OS) (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.41–2.27) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.31–1.99) in breast cancer. Downregulated expression of E-cadherin significantly correlated with tumor histological grade (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.96), TNM stage (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.75–3.41), tumor size (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18–1.60), lymph node status (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15–2.10), and progesterone receptor status (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10–1.88). This meta-analysis suggested that reduced E-cadherin expression might be a predictor of a poorer prognosis and could be a potentially new gene therapy target for breast cancer patients.
Perceiving Control Over Aversive and Fearful Events Can Alter How We Experience Those Events: An Investigation of Time Perception in Spider-Fearful Individuals

We used a time perception task to study the effects of the subjective experience of control on emotion and cognitive processing. This task is uniquely sensitive to the emotionality of the stimuli: high-arousing negative stimuli are perceived as lasting longer than high-arousing positive events, while the opposite pattern is observed for low-arousing stimuli. We evaluated the temporal distortions of emotionally charged events in non-anxious (Experiments 1 and 5) and spider-fearful individuals (Experiments 2–4). Participants were shown images of varying durations between 400 and 1600 ms and were asked to report if the perceived duration of the image seemed closer to a short (400 ms) or to a long (1600 ms) standard duration. Our results replicate previous findings showing that the emotional content of the image modulated the perceived duration of that image. More importantly, we studied whether giving participants the illusion that they have some control over the emotional content of the images could eliminate this temporal distortion. Results confirmed this hypothesis, even though our participant population was composed of highly reactive emotional individuals (spider-fearful) facing fear-related images (spiders). Further, we also showed that under conditions of little-to-no control, spider-fearful individuals perceive temporal distortions in a distinct manner from non-anxious participants: the duration of events was entirely determined by the valence of the events, rather than by the typical valence × arousal interaction. That is, spider-fearful participants perceived negative events as lasting longer than positive events, regardless of their level of arousal. Finally, we also showed that under conditions of cognitive dissonance, control can eliminate temporal distortions of low arousal events, but not of high-arousing events, providing an important boundary condition to the otherwise positive effects of control on time estimation.
An effective implicit relevance feedback technique using affective, physiological and behavioural features

The effectiveness of various behavioural signals for implicit relevance feedback models has been exhaustively studied. Despite the advantages of such techniques for a real time information retrieval system, most of the behavioural signals are noisy and therefore not reliable enough to be employed. Among many, a combination of dwell time and task information has been shown to be effective for relevance judgement prediction. However, the task information might not be available to the system at all times. Thus, there is a need for other sources of information which can be used as a substitute for task information. Recently, affective and physiological signals have shown promise as a potential source of information for relevance judgement prediction. However, their accuracy is not high enough to be applicable on their own. This paper investigates whether affective and physiological signals can be used as a complementary source of information for behavioural signals (i.e. dwell time) to create a reliable signal for relevance judgement prediction. Using a video retrieval system as a use case, we study and compare the effectiveness of the affective and physiological signals on their own, as well as in combination with behavioural signals for the relevance judgment prediction task across four different search intentions: seeking information, re-finding a particular information object, and two different entertainment intentions (i.e. entertainment by adjusting arousal level, and entertainment by adjusting mood). Our experimental results show that the effectiveness of studied signals varies across different search intentions, and when affective and physiological signals are combined with dwell time, a significant improvement can be achieved. Overall, these findings will help to implement better search engines in the future.
Paradox, tribalism and the transitional consumption experience:in light of post-postmodernism

Purpose The aim of this paper is to explore how the paradox of individualism/tribalism is brought into play and negotiated by consumers in the wake of the post-postmodern era. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on netnographic and interview data from the Greek football manager (FM) online gaming community. FM is a simulation strategy game in which players act as “real-life” managers from the screen of their computer. Findings A central paradox and a set of four supporting paradoxes are identified. These paradoxes give rise to a transitional mode of experience, which lies on the borders of reality and fantasy, and is realised both at the individual and the tribal levels. Originality/value This study makes a threefold contribution. First, it advances the understanding of the paradoxical aspects of consumption experiences in light of post-postmodern consumer culture. Second, it shows how these paradoxes are negotiated by consumers between individual and tribal levels. Third, it extends the understanding of the nature of consumption experiences through the development of the concept of the transitional consumption experience.
Open Access Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth Newborn Care Practices among Slum Dwellers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a Quantitative and Qualitative Exploratory Study

Background: Urbanization is occurring at a rapid pace, especially in low-income countries. Dhaka, Bangladesh, is estimated to grow to 50 million by 2015, with 21 million living in urban slums. Although health services are available, neonatal mortality is higher in slum areas than in urban non-slum areas. The Manoshi program works to improve maternal, newborn, and child health in urban slums in Bangladesh. This paper describes newborn care practices in urban slums in Dhaka and provides program recommendations.
SS 433: Observation of the Circumbinary Disk and Extraction of the System Mass

The so-called stationary Hα line of SS 433 is shown to consist of three components. A broad component is identified as emitted in that wind from the accretion disk that grows in speed with elevation above the plane of the disk. There are two narrow components, one permanently redshifted and the other permanently shifted to the blue. These are remarkably steady in wavelength and must be emitted from a circumbinary ring, orbiting the center of mass of the system rather than orbiting either the compact object or its companion: perhaps the inner rim of an excretion disk. The orbiting speed (approximately 200 km s−1) of this ring material strongly favors a large mass for the enclosed system (around 40 M☉), a large mass ratio for SS 433, a mass for the compact object plus accretion disk of ~16 M☉, and hence the identity of the compact object as a rather massive stellar black hole.
Mechanistic Insight into the Pathology of Polyalanine Expansion Disorders Revealed by a Mouse Model for X Linked Hypopituitarism

Polyalanine expansions in transcription factors have been associated with eight distinct congenital human diseases. It is thought that in each case the polyalanine expansion causes misfolding of the protein that abrogates protein function. Misfolded proteins form aggregates when expressed in vitro; however, it is less clear whether aggregation is of relevance to these diseases in vivo. To investigate this issue, we used targeted mutagenesis of embryonic stem (ES) cells to generate mice with a polyalanine expansion mutation in Sox3 (Sox3-26ala) that is associated with X-linked Hypopituitarism (XH) in humans. By investigating both ES cells and chimeric mice, we show that endogenous polyalanine expanded SOX3 does not form protein aggregates in vivo but rather is present at dramatically reduced levels within the nucleus of mutant cells. Importantly, the residual mutant protein of chimeric embryos is able to rescue a block in gastrulation but is not sufficient for normal development of the hypothalamus, a region that is functionally compromised in Sox3 null embryos and individuals with XH. Together, these data provide the first definitive example of a disease-relevant PA mutant protein that is both nuclear and functional, thereby manifesting as a partial loss-of-function allele.
A comparison of the anelastic and subseismic approximations for low-frequency stellar oscillations: an application to rapidly rotating stars

After showing that the anelastic approximation is better than the subseismic one to filter out acoustic waves when studying low-frequency stellar oscillations, we compute gravito-inertial modes of a typical Gamma-Doradus star using this approximation. We show that eigenmodes can be regular or singular, according to the possible focusing towards attractors of the underlying characteristics. Consequences on the oscillations spectrum are then discussed.
Microtubule dynamics in vivo: a test of mechanisms of turnover

Clarification of the mechanism of microtubule dynamics requires an analysis of the microtubule pattern at two time points in the same cell with single fiber resolution. Single microtubule resolution was obtained by microinjection of haptenized tubulin (fluorescein-tubulin) and subsequent indirect immunofluorescence with an antifluorescein antibody. The two time points in a single cell were, first, the time of photobleaching fluorescein-tubulin, and second, the time of fixation. The pattern of fluorescence replacement in the bleached zone during this time interval revealed the relevant mechanisms. In fibroblasts, microtubule domains in the bleached zone are replaced microtubule by microtubule and not by mechanisms that affect all microtubules simultaneously. Of the models we consider, treadmilling and subunit exchange along the length do not account for this observation, but dynamic instability can since it suggests that growing and shrinking microtubules coexist. In addition, we show that the half-time for microtubule replacement is shortest at the leading edge. Dynamic instability accounts for this observation if in general microtubules do not catastrophically disassemble from the plus end, but instead have a significant probability of undergoing a transition to the growing phase before they depolymerize completely. This type of instability we call tempered rather than catastrophic because, through limited disassembly followed by regrowth, it will preferentially replace polymer domains at the ends of microtubules, thus accounting for the observation that the half-time of microtubule domain replacement is shorter with proximity to the leading edge.
Budgeted Learning of Naive-Bayes Classifiers

Frequently, acquiring training data has an associated cost. We consider the situation where the learner may purchase data during training, subject TO a budget. IN particular, we examine the CASE WHERE each feature label has an associated cost, AND the total cost OF ALL feature labels acquired during training must NOT exceed the budget.This paper compares methods FOR choosing which feature label TO purchase next, given the budget AND the CURRENT belief state OF naive Bayes model parameters.Whereas active learning has traditionally focused ON myopic(greedy) strategies FOR query selection, this paper presents a tractable method FOR incorporating knowledge OF the budget INTO the decision making process, which improves performance.
Proton MRS studies in ageing : investigating relaxation, concentration, and correlation with resting-state activity in the PCC

The human brain undergoes changes over its lifespan, which may appear in the form of cognitive decline or disease. As such, it is necessary to investigate the ageing process at the neurochemical level as normal and pathological processes may overlap. The thesis examines metabolite transverse (T2) relaxation times as well as metabolite concentrations in relation to cognitive performance and functional connectivity across age. A systematic review of the T2 relaxation literature offers consensus T2 relaxation values for N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), creatine, and choline across tissue content at 1.5 and 3 Tesla for accurate quantification of metabolite concentration levels. Building on these findings, the first empirical study investigates T2 relaxation values across age in healthy younger and typically ageing older adults. The results suggest a significant difference in NAA apparent T2† relaxation values between the younger and older cohort. The findings from the systematic review and first empirical study are used for accurate quantification of metabolite concentration levels in the second and third empirical studies. The second empirical study examines the relation of the major excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters to cognitive performance across age. The outcome suggests age and reduced glutamate concentration levels to be predictors of cognitive performance on selective cognitive tests. In the third empirical study, glutamate and GABA concentrations are assessed in relation to functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, brain regions that are affected in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The findings, considered with caution, suggest that higher glutamate concentrations are associated with increased functional connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus. Taken together these studies shed light into the ageing process by characterising neurochemical mechanisms in relation to cognitive performance and functional connectivity. The utilization of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging can provide underpinnings of healthy ageing along with pathologies.
Learning to innovate in recessions

Innovating in downturns can affect corporate success because it improves a firm’s position relative to competitors during the recovery period. However, increased uncertainty and more binding financial constraints complicate such innovation activity. I find that past experience with innovation during recessions improves a firm’s ability to invest in R&D when a new downturn hits. This result holds controlling for traditional drivers of innovation as cumulated innovations and financial constraints, as well as using variations of a firm’s financial strength to mitigate endogeneity concerns. Moreover, difference-in-differences results show that past experience with innovation during recessions is beneficial to patent outcomes after a new recession. Overall, this paper provides novel evidence on how business cycles shape innovative capabilities. JEL classification: G30, O32, E32
BACTERIAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Urinary tract infections remain a major medical problem occurring frequently and worldwide. Urinary tract infections are one of the most important reasons for increased morbidity and healthcare expenditure. In present study 71(67.61%) women get affected by UTI while that of men the no. is 34(32.38%) which shows that women are more prone to UTI than men. The Escherichia coli were found to be the predominant organism (49.52%) followed by the Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.95%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.23%), Proteus spp. (9.52%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.66%). The present study showed that most of the uropathogens were highly resistant to Ampicillin and Amoxyclav while resistance pattern to the other antibiotics vary with the organisms. It is quite serious problem that most of the uropathogens included in study showed multiple drug resistance.
Examining Patterns of Influenza Vaccination in Social Media

Traditional data on inﬂuenza vaccination has several limitations: high cost, limited coverage of underrepresented groups, and low sensitivity to emerging public health issues. Social media, such as Twitter, provide an alternative way to understand a population’s vaccination-related opinions and behaviors. In this study, we build and employ several natural language classiﬁers to examine and analyze behavioral patterns regarding inﬂuenza vaccination in Twitter across three dimensions: temporality (by week and month), geography (by US region), and demography (by gender). Our best results are highly correlated ofﬁcial government data, with a correlation over 0.90, providing validation of our approach. We then suggest a number of directions for future work.
Evolution of the Internal Dynamics of Galaxy Clusters

We consider a sample of 51 distant galaxy clusters at 0.15 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 ( ~ 0.3), each cluster having at least 10 galaxies with available redshift in the literature. We select member galaxies, analyze the velocity dispersion profiles, and evaluate in a homogeneous way cluster velocity dispersions and virial masses. We apply the same procedures already recently applied on a sample of nearby clusters (z < 0.15) in order to analyze properly the possible dynamical evolution of galaxy clusters. We remark on problems induced by the poor sampling and the small spatial extension of the sampled cluster region in the computation of velocity dispersion. We do not find any significant difference between nearby and distant clusters. In particular, we consider the galaxy spatial distribution, the shape of the velocity dispersion profile, and the relations between velocity dispersion and X-ray luminosity and temperature. Our results imply little dynamical evolution in the range of redshift spanned by our cluster sample and suggest that the typical redshift of cluster formation is higher than that of the sample we analyze.
A New Approach to E ective Circuit Clustering

The complexity of next-generation VLSI systems will exceed the capabilities of top-down layout synthesis algorithms, particularly in netlist partitioning and module placement. Bottom-up clustering is needed to \condense" the netlist so that the problem size becomes tractable to existing optimization methods. In this paper, we establish the DS quality measure, the rst general metric for evaluation of clustering algorithms. The DS metric in turn motivates our RWST algorithm, a new self-tuning clustering method based on random walks in the circuit netlist. RWST e ciently captures a globally good circuit clustering. When incorporated within a two-phase iterative Fiduccia-Mattheyses partitioning strategy, the RW-ST clustering method improves bisection width by an average of 17% over previous matching-based methods.
Taking Stock of Programs to Develop Socioemotional Skills: A Systematic Review of Program Evidence

Possessing a range of cognitive, socioemotional, and technical skills is important for individuals to maximize their chances of success in many aspects of life. In particular, a growing body of research highlights the effects that socioemotional skills have on a variety of outcomes, from wages and academic performance to health. Programs to help participants develop such skills continue to expand in both high-income and lower-income countries, targeting individuals of almost all ages and life stages. Socioemotional skills development is embedded in programs as diverse as early-childhood nutrition programs for adolescent mothers, K-12 academic curricula, and workforce training programs for vulnerable adults. However, the characteristics that make some programs more successful than others, or even what types of outcomes programs use to measure ‘success’, are less clear in the literature. This analysis seeks to fill this knowledge gap through a systemic review of socioemotional skills development programs. To categorize the wide range of socioemotional program objectives, this analysis breaks down programs by where they occur, program characteristics, participant characteristics, and outcomes measured. Only programs with randomized or quasi-randomized evaluations are included. The programs in this review are divided into three categories, on the basis of when they are implemented in the life cycle: (a) before-school programs (infants and young children), (b) school-based programs (preschool to secondary education), and (c) out-of-school programs (usually targeted, vulnerable populations). Next, the review assesses programs by their specific characteristics: objectives, components and complementary elements, setting, and quality.