Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cigarette Smoke Exposure-Associated Alterations to Non-Coding RNA

Environmental exposures vary by timing, severity, and frequency and may have a number of deleterious effects throughout the life course. The period of in utero development, for example, is one of the most crucial stages of development during which adverse environmental exposures can both alter the growth and development of the fetus as well as lead to aberrant fetal programming, increasing disease risk. During fetal development and beyond, the plethora of exposures, including nutrients, drugs, stress, and trauma, influence health, development, and survival. Recent research in environmental epigenetics has investigated the roles of environmental exposures in influencing epigenetic modes of gene regulation during pregnancy and at various stages of life. Many relatively common environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use, may have consequences for the expression and function of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. A number of ncRNA have been discovered, including microRNA (miRNA), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and long non-coding RNA (long ncRNA). The best-characterized species of ncRNA are miRNA, the mature forms of which are ∼22 nucleotides in length and capable of post-transcriptionally regulating target mRNA utilizing mechanisms based largely on the degree of complementarity between miRNA and target mRNA. Because miRNA can still negatively regulate gene expression when imperfectly base-paired with a target mRNA, a single miRNA can have a large number of potential mRNA targets and can regulate many different biological processes critical for health and development. The following review analyzes the current literature detailing links between cigarette smoke exposure and aberrant expression and function of ncRNA, assesses how such alterations may have consequences throughout the life course, and proposes future directions for this intriguing field of research.
Babybot challenge: Motor skills

In 1984, von Hofsten performed a longitudinal study of early reaching in infants between the ages of 1 week and 19 weeks. This paper proposes a possible model using excitation of various subsystems to reproduce the longitudinal study. The model is then implemented and tested on an iCub humanoid robot, and the results compared to the original study. The resulting model shares interesting similarities to the data presented by von Hofsten, in particular a slight dip in the quantity of reaching. However, the dip is shifted along by a few weeks, and the analysis of hand behaviour is inconclusive based on the data recorded.
Productive Infection of Human Skeletal Muscle Cells by Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses

Besides the classical respiratory and systemic symptoms, unusual complications of influenza A infection in humans involve the skeletal muscles. Numerous cases of acute myopathy and/or rhabdomyolysis have been reported, particularly following the outbreak of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in 2009. The pathogenesis of these influenza-associated myopathies (IAM) remains unkown, although the direct infection of muscle cells is suspected. Here, we studied the susceptibility of cultured human primary muscle cells to a 2009 pandemic and a 2008 seasonal influenza A(H1N1) isolate. Using cells from different donors, we found that differentiated muscle cells (i. e. myotubes) were highly susceptible to infection by both influenza A(H1N1) isolates, whereas undifferentiated cells (i. e. myoblasts) were partially resistant. The receptors for influenza viruses, α2-6 and α2-3 linked sialic acids, were detected on the surface of myotubes and myoblasts. Time line of viral nucleoprotein (NP) expression and nuclear export showed that the first steps of the viral replication cycle could take place in muscle cells. Infected myotubes and myoblasts exhibited budding virions and nuclear inclusions as observed by transmission electron microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy. Myotubes, but not myoblasts, yielded infectious virus progeny that could further infect naive muscle cells after proteolytic treatment. Infection led to a cytopathic effect with the lysis of muscle cells, as characterized by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by muscle cells was not affected following infection. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis of a direct muscle infection causing rhabdomyolysis in IAM patients.
Hierarchical Ni-Mo-S nanosheets on carbon fiber cloth: A flexible electrode for efficient hydrogen generation in neutral electrolyte

A flexible cloth-like electrode, which can efficiently split water to produce H2 at neutral pH, is successfully demonstrated. A unique functional electrode made of hierarchal Ni-Mo-S nanosheets with abundant exposed edges anchored on conductive and flexible carbon fiber cloth, referred to as Ni-Mo-S/C, has been developed through a facile biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal method. The incorporation of Ni atoms in Mo-S plays a crucial role in tuning its intrinsic catalytic property by creating substantial defect sites as well as modifying the morphology of Ni-Mo-S network at atomic scale, resulting in an impressive enhancement in the catalytic activity. The Ni-Mo-S/C electrode exhibits a large cathodic current and a low onset potential for hydrogen evolution reaction in neutral electrolyte (pH ~7), for example, current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a very small overpotential of 200 mV. Furthermore, the Ni-Mo-S/C electrode has excellent electrocatalytic stability over an extended period, much better than those of MoS2/C and Pt plate electrodes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to understand the formation process and electrocatalytic properties of Ni-Mo-S/C. The intuitive comparison test was designed to reveal the superior gas-evolving profile of Ni-Mo-S/C over that of MoS2/C, and a laboratory-scale hydrogen generator was further assembled to demonstrate its potential application in practical appliances.
Nitrite Reductase of Nitrosomonas europaea Is Not Essential for Production of Gaseous Nitrogen Oxides and Confers Tolerance to Nitrite

ABSTRACT A gene that encodes a periplasmic copper-type nitrite reductase (NirK) was identified in Nitrosomonas europaea. Disruption of this gene resulted in the disappearance of Nir activity in cell extracts. The nitrite tolerance of NirK-deficient cells was lower than that of wild-type cells. Unexpectedly, NirK-deficient cells still produced nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the latter in greater amounts than that of wild-type cells. This demonstrates that NirK is not essential for the production of NO and N2O by N. europaea. Inactivation of the putative fnr gene showed that Fnr is not essential for the expression of nirK.
The holonomy groupoid of a singular foliation

Abstract We construct the holonomy groupoid of any singular foliation. In the regular case this groupoid coincides with the usual holonomy groupoid of Winkelnkemper ([H. E. Winkelnkemper, The graph of a foliation, Ann. Glob. Anal. Geom. 1 (3) (1983), 51–75. ]); the same holds in the singular cases of [J. Pradines, How to define the differentiable graph of a singular foliation, C. Top. Geom. Diff. Cat. XXVI(4) (1985), 339–381. ], [B. Bigonnet, J. Pradines, Graphe d'un feuilletage singulier, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 300 (13) (1985), 439–442. ], [C. Debord, Local integration of Lie algebroids, Banach Center Publ. 54 (2001), 21–33. ], [C. Debord, Holonomy groupoids of singular foliations, J. Diff. Geom. 58 (2001), 467–500. ], which from our point of view can be thought of as being “almost regular”. In the general case, the holonomy groupoid can be quite an ill behaved geometric object. On the other hand it often has a nice longitudinal smooth structure. Nonetheless, we use this groupoid to generalize to the singular case Connes' construction of the C*-algebra of the foliation. We also outline the construction of a longitudinal pseudo-differential calculus; the analytic index of a longitudinally elliptic operator takes place in the K-theory of our C*-algebra. In our construction, the key notion is that of a bi-submersion which plays the role of a local Lie groupoid defining the foliation. Our groupoid is the quotient of germs of these bi-submersions with respect to an appropriate equivalence relation.
Force-induced cell polarisation is linked to RhoA-driven microtubule-independent focal-adhesion sliding

Mechanical forces play a crucial role in controlling the integrity and functionality of cells and tissues. External forces are sensed by cells and translated into signals that induce various responses. To increase the detailed understanding of these processes, we investigated cell migration and dynamic cellular reorganisation of focal adhesions and cytoskeleton upon application of cyclic stretching forces. Of particular interest was the role of microtubules and GTPase activation in the course of mechanotransduction. We showed that focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton undergo dramatic reorganisation perpendicular to the direction of stretching forces even without microtubules. Rather, we found that microtubule orientation is controlled by the actin cytoskeleton. Using biochemical assays and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements, we revealed that Rac1 and Cdc42 activities did not change upon stretching, whereas overall RhoA activity increased dramatically, but independently of intact microtubules. In conclusion, we demonstrated that key players in force-induced cellular reorganisation are focal-adhesion sliding, RhoA activation and the actomyosin machinery. In contrast to the importance of microtubules in migration, the force-induced cellular reorganisation, including focal-adhesion sliding, is independent of a dynamic microtubule network. Consequently, the elementary molecular mechanism of cellular reorganisation during migration is different to the one in force-induced cell reorganisation.
COSMOS PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS WITH 30-BANDS FOR 2-deg2

We present accurate photometric redshifts (photo-z) in the 2-deg2 COSMOS field. The redshifts are computed with 30 broad, intermediate, and narrowbands covering the UV (Galaxy Evolution Explorer), visible near-IR (NIR; Subaru, Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, and National Optical Astronomy Observatory), and mid-IR (Spitzer/IRAC). A χ2 template-fitting method (Le Phare) was used and calibrated with large spectroscopic samples from the Very Large Telescope Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph and the Keck Deep Extragalactic Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph. We develop and implement a new method which accounts for the contributions from emission lines ([O ii], Hβ, Hα, and Lyα) to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The treatment of emission lines improves the photo-z accuracy by a factor of 2.5. Comparison of the derived photo-z with 4148 spectroscopic redshifts (i.e., Δz = zs − zp) indicates a dispersion of at i+AB < 22.5, a factor of 2–6 times more accurate than earlier photo-z in the COSMOS, CFHT Legacy Survey, and the Classifying Object by Medium-Band Observations-17 survey fields. At fainter magnitudes i+AB < 24 and z < 1.25, the accuracy is . The deep NIR and Infrared Array Camera coverage enables the photo-z to be extended to z ∼ 2, albeit with a lower accuracy ( at i+AB ∼ 24). The redshift distribution of large magnitude-selected samples is derived and the median redshift is found to range from zm = 0.66 at 22 < i+AB < 22.5 to zm = 1.06 at 24.5 < i+AB < 25. At i+AB < 26.0, the multiwavelength COSMOS catalog includes approximately 607,617 objects. The COSMOS-30 photo-z enables the full exploitation of this survey for studies of galaxy and large-scale structure evolution at high redshift.
Relaxed Survey Propagation: A Sum-Product Algorithm for Max-SAT

The survey propagation (SP) algorithm has been shown to work well on large instances of the random 3-SAT problem near its phase transition. It was shown that SP estimates marginals over covers, using joker states to represent clusters of configurations. The SP-y algorithm generalizes SP to work on the Max-SAT problem, but the cover interpretation of SP does not generalize to SP-y. Recently, a relaxed survey propagation (RSP) algorithm has been proposed for inference in Markov random fields (MRF). RSP for MRFs assigns zero probability to joker states, and hence the cover interpretation is also inapplicable. We adapt RSP to solve Max-SAT problems, and show that it has an interpretation of estimating marginals over covers violating a minimum number of clauses. This naturally generalizes the cover interpretation of SP. Empirically, we show that RSP out-performs SP-y and other state-of-the-art solvers on random as well as benchmark instances of Max-SAT.
Central projections of melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse

A rare type of ganglion cell in mammalian retina is directly photosensitive. These novel retinal photoreceptors express the photopigment melanopsin. They send axons directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), and olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), thereby contributing to photic synchronization of circadian rhythms and the pupillary light reflex. Here, we sought to characterize more fully the projections of these cells to the brain. By targeting tau‐lacZ to the melanopsin gene locus in mice, ganglion cells that would normally express melanopsin were induced to express, instead, the marker enzyme β‐galactosidase. Their axons were visualized by X‐gal histochemistry or anti‐β‐galactosidase immunofluorescence. Established targets were confirmed, including the SCN, IGL, OPN, ventral division of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv), and preoptic area, but the overall projections were more widespread than previously recognized. Targets included the lateral nucleus, peri‐supraoptic nucleus, and subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus, medial amygdala, margin of the lateral habenula, posterior limitans nucleus, superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray. There were also weak projections to the margins of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Co‐staining with the cholera toxin B subunit to label all retinal afferents showed that melanopsin ganglion cells provide most of the retinal input to the SCN, IGL, and lateral habenula and much of that to the OPN, but that other ganglion cells do contribute at least some retinal input to these targets. Staining patterns after monocular enucleation revealed that the projections of these cells are overwhelmingly crossed except for the projection to the SCN, which is bilaterally symmetrical. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:326–349, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global solutions for a two-phase Hele-Shaw bubble for a near-circular initial shape

Using a vortex sheet method we prove global existence of a near-circular initial bubble in a Hele-Shaw cell with surface tension and a generally finite nonzero viscosity ratio between fluids inside and outside the bubble. The circular shape is shown to be asymptotically stable for all sufficiently smooth small perturbations. The initial condition in this case, while smooth, need not be analytic.
Investigation of the relationship between the humour styles and trait anxiety levels of students attending schools of physical education and sports

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between School of Physical Education and Sports students’ humour styles and trait anxiety levels. This study sample was composed of 607 randomly selected students attending five different Schools of Physical Education and Sports in Turkey during the spring term of the 2014–2015 academic year. As a result, significant and reverse relationships were found with positive humour styles ‘Self-enhancing humour’ and ‘Affiliative humour’ and positive and meaningful relationships were detected with negative humour styles ‘Aggressive humour’ and ‘Self-defeating humour’.
Review: The impact of motor development on typical and atypical social cognition and language: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Motor development allows infants to gain knowledge of the world but its vital role in social development is often ignored. METHOD A systematic search for papers investigating the relationship between motor and social skills was conducted, including research in typical development and in Developmental Coordination Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders and Specific Language Impairment. RESULTS The search identified 43 studies, many of which highlighted a significant relationship between motor skills and the development of social cognition, language and social interactions. CONCLUSIONS This complex relationship requires more attention from researchers and practitioners, allowing the development of more tailored intervention techniques for those at risk of motor, social and language difficulties.
Fewer Things, Lasting Longer

Although emotion and timing interactions have been extensively examined, the effects of emotion on another important quantitative tracking process, numerical pro-cessing, have been unstudied. Temporal-processing tasks involving tracking the durations of visual stimuli have revealed that emotion information leads to a subjec -tive dilation or overestimation of duration relative to neutral information (e.g., Angrilli, Cherubini, Pavese, & Manfredini, 1997; Bar-Haim, Kerem, Lamy, & Zakay, 2010; Droit-Volet, Brunot, & Niedenthal, 2004). Yet it is entirely unknown how emotions affect numerical estimations in similar conditions. An important distinction underlying this investigation is whether, at their most fundamental levels, time and number are truly separable domains. It has been claimed that they are part of a common magni-tude-tracking system (Meck & Church, 1983; Walsh, 2003), which would suggest that numerical estimates, like temporal ones, should also be increased under the influ-ence of emotion. However, evidence against shared sys-tems (e.g., Agrillo, Ranpura, & Butterworth, 2010; Dormal, Seron, & Pesenti, 2006) suggests that temporal and numeric processing are separable at a fundamental level. Therefore, it is certainly possible that temporal and numeric processing are each affected by emotion in qual -itatively different ways.The aim of this study was to test the effects of emo-tional stimuli on temporal and numeric processing within the same individuals and, using a baseline condition without emotion stimuli, to compare processing of time and number within subjects. In doing this, the present study not only serves as the first investigation of the impact of emotional stimuli on numerical processing, but it also offers new data to consider in relation to theories of a shared common magnitude system for time and number.
Inaccurate Singers: An Exploratory Study of Variables Affecting Pitch-Matching.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different vocal models, modes of responding, and grade levels on the pitch-matching accuracy of children in grades K 3 and 7 8. Children {N = 1 63) selected on the basis of their inability to match pitch were asked to echo by singing the neutral syllable "la," a descending minor third sung by adult female and adult male voices. They were randomly assigned to one of three different response modes: one third of the children in each grade was told to use Curwen hand signals as they echoed each model; one third, to use the syllables, sol mi; and the remaining third to sing "la la. " Results demonstrated: (a) no significant differences among correct responses due to response modes; (b) a significant difference between responses to the male versus the female model with more correct responses to the female; (c) a significant difference between correct responses by kindergarten versus those by eighth grade, but no other significant differences among grade levels; (d) percentages of differences between first and second grades and second and third grades were negligible while those between kindergarten and first and seventh and eighth grades were much larger; (e) no significant grade level by response modes interaction effect, but, while kindergarten responded best by using the syllable, "la," and the first grade with hand signals, the second, third, seventh, and eighth grades responded best with solfege syllables; and (f) a significant model by grade level interaction effect showing seventh graders to be highly accurate in matching the female model and highly inaccurate in matching the male model.
Emotional Intelligence of Adolescents: An Interventional Approach

Abstract The present study was conducted to study the emotional intelligence levels of male and female adolescents of different sociocultural settings and to assess the efficacy of intervention programs. The total sample comprised of 325 adolescents from five different institutions of urban, rural and tribal areas of Jorhat district of Assam. A standardized questionnaire named MEII was administered to measure the Emotional Intelligence of the adolescents. An intervention package had been prepared by the researcher to enhance the emotional intelligence levels of adolescents. Study revealed that majority of adolescents of urban culture projected more efficiency in all the dimensions of emotional intelligence than the adolescents of rural culture barring interpersonal management before intervention. The adolescents of tribal culture possessed low level of emotional intelligence in all its dimensions before intervention. The results of intervention program emphasized that emotional intelligence can be elevated significantly when intervened appropriately.
Abnormal psychology Diagnostic , demographic , memory quality , and cognitive variables associated with Acute Stress Disorder in children and adolescents

To date, no studies have investigated factors associated with Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents. Relationships between ASD and a number of demographic, trauma, cognitive, and trauma memory variables were therefore investigated in a sample (N = 93) of children and adolescents involved in assaults and motor vehicle accidents. Several cognitive variables and the quality of trauma memories, but not demographic or trauma variables, were correlated with ASD and also mediated the relationship between peri-traumatic threat and ASD. Finally, nosological analyses comparing ASD with indices of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the month post-trauma revealed little support for the Dissociation mandate that uniquely characterizes ASD. The results are discussed with respect to assessment and treatment for the acute traumatic stress responses of children and young people.
The Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Is Essential for Spermatogonial Survival and Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis relies on the precise regulation of the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia to provide a continuous supply of differentiating germ cells. The understanding of the cellular pathways regulating this equilibrium remains unfortunately incomplete. This investigation aimed to elucidate the testicular and ovarian functions of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ) encoded by the X-linked Tsc22d3 (Gilz) gene. We found that GILZ is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of proliferating spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes. While Gilz mutant female mice were fully fertile, constitutive or male germ cell-specific ablation of Gilz led to sterility due to a complete absence of post-meiotic germ cells and mature spermatozoa. Alterations were observed as early as postnatal day 5 during the first spermatogenic wave and included extensive apoptosis at the spermatogonial level and meiotic arrest in the mid-late zygotene stage. Overall, these data emphasize the essential role played by GILZ in mediating spermatogonial survival and spermatogenesis.