Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Ischemic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Dabigatran or Warfarin in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) Trial

Background— There is a modest risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results— Data from the RE-LY study (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) were used to report rates of MI, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, and cardiac death and the prespecified net clinical benefit and treatment effects of dabigatran versus warfarin. MI occurred at annual rates of 0.82% and 0.81% with dabigatran 110 or 150 mg BID compared with 0.64% with warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.75, P=0.09 for dabigatran 110 mg; HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.94–1.71, P=0.12 for dabigatran 150 mg). Annual rates of a composite of MI, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, and cardiac death were 3.16% per year with dabigatran 110 mg, 3.33% per year with dabigatran 150 mg, and 3.41% per year with warfarin (HR versus warfarin 0.93, 95% CI 0.80–1.06, P=0.28 for dabigatran 110 mg and HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.85–1.12, P=0.77 for dabigatran 150 mg). Events prespecified as “net clinical benefit” (all strokes, systemic embolism, MI, pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause death) occurred at a rate of 7.34% per year with dabigatran 110 mg, 7.11% per year with dabigatran 150 mg, and 7.91% per year with warfarin (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84–1.01, P=0.09 for dabigatran 110 mg and HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99, P=0.02 for dabigatran 150 mg). The relative effects of dabigatran versus warfarin on myocardial ischemic events were consistent in patients with or without a baseline history of MI or coronary artery disease. Conclusions— There was a nonsignificant increase in MI with dabigatran compared with warfarin, but other myocardial ischemic events were not increased. Treatment effects of dabigatran were consistent in patients at higher and lower risk of myocardial ischemic events. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT 00262600.
Aggression and violence: Social interactionist perspectives.

Grievances - Development and Reactions, James T.Tedeschi and Mitchel Nesler A Control Theory Interpretation of Psychological Research on Aggression, Michael R. Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi Disputes and the Efficacy of Control, Mark C. Stafford and Jack P. Gibbs Aggression as Procedural Choice in Social Conflict, Dean Pruitt Reciprocity of Coercion and Co-operation Between Individuals and Nations, Martin Patchen Aggression - Interaction Between Individuals and Social Groups, Amelie Mummendey and Sabine Otten Illusions of Anger, James Averill Good Violence and Bad Violence - Self-Presentations of Aggressors Through Accounts and War Stories, Hans Toch Violent Networks - The Origins and Management of Domestic Conflict, Mary Pat Baumgartner Sexual Coercion - A Social Interactionist Approach, Richard B. Felson.
Interaction between Low Voltage‐activated Currents in Reticular Thalamic Neurons in a Rat Model of Absence Epilepsy

A transient potassium (K+) outward current (IA) contributes to the distinctive patterns of low‐threshold spike firing observed in various classes of thalamic neurons through a functional interaction with a calcium (Ca2+)‐mediated inward current (IT). The present study was undertaken to investigate the properties of transient K+ currents and their interaction with IT in neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus, and to compare these properties in reticular thalamic nucleus neurons from a rat model of absence epilepsy, designated the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), with those from a Non‐epileptic Control strain (NEC). This comparative approach appeared to be particularly important in view of the recent finding of a selective increase in IT in reticular thalamic nucleus neurons from GAERS. Neurons were acutely isolated from the reticular thalamic nucleus through enzymatic procedures, and identified by morphological and immunocytochemical criteria. Ionic currents were analysed using whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques. Transient K+ currents in reticular thalamic nucleus neurons with properties indicative of IA activated at ∼−55 mV (with half‐activation at −27 and −33 mV in NEC and GAERS respectively), declined rapidly with a voltage‐dependent time constant (τ= 4 ms at +45 mV), were 50% steady‐state‐inactivated at −81 and −86 mV in the two strains of rats respectively, and rapidly recovered from inactivation with a monoexponential time course (τ= 31 and 37 ms respectively). No significant differences in IA properties or densities were found between reticular thalamic nucleus neurons from GAERS and NEC rats. Analysis of the interaction between IA and IT indicated a shift in the balance between the two opposing membrane conductances towards the generation of a low‐voltage‐activated inward current in reticular thalamic nucleus neurons from GAERS compared with NEC, and a lack of IA to functionally compensate for this shift, which in turn may contribute to pathological forms of low‐threshold spike firing characterizing spike‐and‐wave discharges.
Online information search behaviour of physicians

BACKGROUND Although doctors increasingly engage in online information seeking to complement their medical practice, little is known regarding what online information sources are used and how effective they are. OBJECTIVE Grounded on self-determination and needs theory, this study posits that doctors tend to use online information sources to fulfil their information requirements in three pre-defined areas: patient care, knowledge development and research activities. Fulfilling these information needs is argued to improve doctors' perceived medical practice competence. METHODS Performing PLS-SEM analysis on primary survey data from 303 medical doctors practicing in four major Greek hospitals, a conceptual model is empirically tested. RESULTS Using authoritative online information sources was found to fulfil all types of information needs. Contrarily, using non-authoritative information sources had no significant effect. Satisfying information requirements relating to patient care and research activities enhanced doctors' perceptions about their medical practice competence. In contrast, meeting knowledge development information needs had the opposite result. DISCUSSION Consistent with past studies, outcomes indicate that doctors tend to use non-authoritative online information sources; yet their use was found to have no significant value in fulfilling their information requirements. CONCLUSIONS Authoritative online information sources are found to improve perceived medical practice competence by satisfying doctors' diverse information requirements.
Immunohistochemical Study of Glypican 3 in Thyroid Cancer

In 123 patients with thyroid cancer, expression of glypican 3 (GPC3) was immunohistochemically investigated in tissue samples and the biological significance of GPC3 in thyroid cancer was examined. GPC3 was scarcely expressed in the normal thyroid gland, but was dramatically enhanced in certain types of cancers: 100% in follicular carcinoma (20/20 cases) and 70% in papillary carcinoma (48/69 cases). Expression of GPC3 in follicular carcinoma was significantly higher than that of follicular adenoma (p < 0.0019). In contrast, GPC 3 was not expressed in 17 cases of anaplastic carcinoma. A high expression of GPC3 mRNA was confirmed in cancer lesions, which were strongly positive for immunohistochemical staining. In 69 cases of papillary carcinoma, GPC3 was expressed at an early stage, suggesting that GPC3 expression in thyroid cancer is an early event in developing papillary carcinoma. Further studies are required to determine biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the upregulation of GPC3 in thyroid cancer.
Evaluation of a teacher preparation program using the development of teacher self-efficacy as an outcome

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) is a central predictor for a multitude of sought after outcomes for teachers and students alike. However, it is less well known how TSE develops in preservice teachers. Addressing this gap in research, the purpose of this thesis was to explore four research questions: (1) Does TSE develop in preservice teachers during their university preparation? (2) If such changes are found, do they have any impact on preservice teachers’ changes in their intention to quit the teaching degree? (3) Can changes in TSE during the practical phases of a teacher preparation program be predicted by the four sources of information assumed to be influential in forming teacher self-efficacy beliefs? (4) How do the four sources interact in predicting changes in teacher self-efficacy? In order to address these questions, a new instrument for measuring the three proposed dimensions of TSE (i.e., instructional strategies, classroom management, student engagement) in preservice teachers was developed on the basis of a thorough analysis of previous TSE instruments and Bandura’s self-efficacy theory (Chapter 1). This process and first results from a validation study are presented in Chapter 2 (Study 1). Participants in this study were preservice teachers in three diverse samples from Germany and New Zealand, at two different stages of teacher education. Confirmatory factor analyses and invariance tests confirmed a good fit for the intended threefactor model and equivalent measurement properties for all samples. In addition, first evidence in favor of good construct validity was gathered by examining convergent validity with general self-efficacy and study satisfaction. Research question 1 and 2 were then explored in Chapter 3 (Study 2). For the purpose of this study, data was collected at three times for two samples of preservice teachers. Beginning preservice teachers in Sample 1 were tested at the start of their first year of teacher education, at the end of their first year before their first practicum at school, and at the beginning of their second year after their practicum. Advanced preservice teachers in Sample 2 were at least third year students (80% Master’s students), and were tested at the beginning of the university term, at the end of that term before a teaching practicum at school, and at the beginning of the next term after their practicum. Changes were analyzed using latent-true-change modeling, an improvement over previous analysis methods employed in this area. Results showed that depending on TSE dimension, TSE decreased or did not change during the university year for beginning preservice teachers, and increased during the practicum. For the advanced preservice teachers, again depending on TSE dimension, TSE increased both during the term and during the practicum. In both cohorts, increases in TSE during the practicum were associated with
Contraceptive non-use and associated factors among university students in 22 countries.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate contraceptive non-use and associated factors (socio-demographics, sexual behaviour, internal assets and mental health) among undergraduate university students in 22 countries. METHODS Using anonymous questionnaires, data was collected from 16979 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.8, SD=2.8) from 23 universities in 22 countries. RESULTS Of the total sample of 16979 undergraduate university students, 7032 (41.9%) reported to have been sexually active in the past 12 months. Of those who had been sexually active, 42.6% reported never (42.7% among male and 42.6% among female students) using contraceptives in the past 12 months. In multivariate regression analysis, among both men and women, younger age, religious affiliation (Hindu; and among women only being Muslim), intrinsic religiosity, and sexually protective behaviour were associated with contraceptive non-use. Lack of internal assets (among men, low life satisfaction and lack of personal control, and among women low personal mastery) ; among women not having depressive symptoms and among men having PTSD symptoms were associated with contraceptive non-use. CONCLUSION Low contraceptive use was found and several factors identified as associated with contraceptive non-use may help guide intervention efforts.
Material Recognition from Heat Transfer given Varying Initial Conditions and Short-Duration Contact

When making contact with an object, a robot can use a tactile sensor consisting of a heating element and a temperature sensor to recognize the object’s material based on conductive heat transfer from the tactile sensor to the object. When this type of tactile sensor has time to fully reheat prior to contact and the duration of contact is long enough to achieve a thermal steady state, numerous methods have been shown to perform well. In order to enable robots to more efficiently sense their environments and take advantage of brief contact events over which they lack control, we focus on the problem of material recognition from heat transfer given varying initial conditions and short-duration contact. We present both modelbased and data-driven methods. For the model-based method, we modeled the thermodynamics of the sensor in contact with a material as contact between two semi-infinite solids. For the data-driven methods, we used three machine learning algorithms (SVM+PCA, k-NN+PCA, HMMs) with time series of raw temperature measurements and temperature change estimates. When recognizing 11 materials with varying initial conditions and 3fold cross-validation, SVM+PCA outperformed all other methods, achieving 84% accuracy with 0.5 s of contact and 98% accuracy with 1.5 s of contact.
Switch-Matrix-Based High-Density Microelectrode Array in CMOS Technology

We report on a CMOS-based microelectrode array (MEA) featuring 11, 011 metal electrodes and 126 channels, each of which comprises recording and stimulation electronics, for extracellular bidirectional communication with electrogenic cells, such as neurons or cardiomyocytes. The important features include: (i) high spatial resolution at (sub)cellular level with 3150 electrodes per mm2 (electrode diameter 7 ¿m, electrode pitch 18 ¿m); (ii) a reconflgurable routing of the recording sites to the 126 channels; and (iii) low noise levels.
Immigrant Organizing, Civic Outcomes: Civic Engagement, Political Activity, National Attachment, and Identity in Latino Immigrant Communities

This paper assesses the influence of Latino participation in community-based organizations on the likelihood of participation in community politics, on attachments to the United States and their countries of origin, and on their ethnic identity. The results provide two insights. Organizational activity spurs civic engagement. The skills, networks, and information provided through this group-focused community activity vest Latinos with the resources they need to take on more individualist forms of politics. The second finding is that the influence of organizational activities does not shape attitudes. While organizations undeniably offer contacts with other individuals and networks, these resources do not drive attitudes toward either the United States or a pan-ethnic identity. The paper relies on data from a survey of emerging Latino populations, Latinos who trace their origin or ancestry to El Salvador, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, or Colombia.
Fitting formulae for the effects of binary interactions on lick indices and colors of stellar populations

More than about 50% of stars are in binaries, but most stellar population studies take single star stellar population (ssSSP) models, which do not take binary interactions into account. In fact, the integrated peculiarities of ssSSPs are different from those of stellar populations with binary interactions (bsSSPs). Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of binary interactions on the Lick indices and colors of populations in detail. We show some formulae for calculating the difference between the Lick indices and colors of bsSSPs, and those of ssSSPs. Twenty-five Lick indices and 12 colors are studied in this work. The results can be conveniently used for calculating the effects of binary interactions on stellar population studies and for adding the effects of binary interactions into present ssSSP models. The electronic data and fortran procedures in the paper can be obtained on request from the authors.
Quantifying Performance Changes with Effect Size Confidence Intervals

Measuring performance and quantifying a performance change are core evaluation techniques in programming language and systems research. Out of 122 recent scientific papers published at PLDI, ASPLOS, ISMM, TOPLAS, and TACO, as many as 65 included experimental evaluation that quantified a performance change using a ratio of execution times. Unfortunately, few of these papers evaluated their results with the level of rigour that has come to be expected in other experimental sciences. The uncertainty of measured results was largely ignored. Scarcely any of the papers mentioned uncertainty in the ratio of the mean execution times, and most did not even mention uncertainty in the two means themselves. Furthermore, most of the papers failed to address the non-deterministic execution of computer programs (caused by factors such as memory placement, for example), and none addressed non-deterministic compilation (when a compiler creates different binaries from the same sources, which differ in performance, for example again because of impact on memory placement). It turns out that the statistical methods presented in the computer systems performance evaluation literature for the design and summary of experiments do not readily allow this either. This poses a hazard to the repeatability, reproducibility and even validity of quantitative results. Inspired by statistical methods used in other fields of science, and building on results in statistics that did not make it to introductory textbooks, we present a statistical model that allows us both to quantify uncertainty in the ratio of (execution time) means and to design experiments with a rigorous treatment of those multiple sources of non-determinism that might impact measured performance. Better still, under our framework summaries can be as simple as ''system A is faster than system B by 5.5 ± 2.5, with 95 confidence'', a more natural statement than those derived from typical current practice, which are often misinterpreted.
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Novel Candidate Markers of Ovarian Carcinoma Intraperitoneal Metastasis

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality among gynecological carcinomas. The lack of specific markers for prognostic determination of EOC progression hinders the search for novel effective therapies. The aim of the present study was (i) to explore differences in expressions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporter genes, genes associated with drug metabolism and cell cycle regulation between control ovarian tissues (n = 14), primary EOCs (n = 44) and intraperitoneal metastases (n = 29); (ii) to investigate associations of gene expression levels with prognosis of patients with intraperitoneal metastases. In all tissue samples, transcript levels of the above target genes were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression levels were compared between particular tissue types and evaluated with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) and drug-resistance status of patients with metastases. Gene expression of ABCA7 significantly increased and that of ESR2 decreased in the order control ovarian tissues - primary EOCs - metastases. High expressions of ABCA2/8/9/10, ABCB1, ABCC9, ABCG2, ATP7A, SLC16A14, and SOD3 genes were significantly associated with longer progression-free survival of patients. In intraperitoneal metastases, expression of all of these genes highly correlated and indicated prognostic profile. Transporters from the ABCA family, ABCG2, and ESR2 are involved mainly in lipid metabolism, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. These processes are thus probably the most important for EOC progression. Based on these results, we have proposed novel markers of ovarian carcinoma progression and metastatic spread which might be potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Their significance should be further explored on a larger independent set of patients.
‘It's a choice, simple as that’: youth reasoning for sexual abstinence or activity

This investigation was designed to fill gaps in the extant literature by examining reasons given by youth for refraining from or engaging in sexual intercourse, in addition to their perceptions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of premarital intercourse. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 103 graduating seniors; 60 self-identified as sexually abstinent and 43 as sexually active. Survey indices were used to assess parent–youth relationships, and parent and peer attitudes toward premarital sex, religiosity, and dating patterns; open-ended questions were used to assess reasons for either engaging in or refraining from sexual intercourse, and to identify benefits and problems associated with both sexual participation and abstinence. The abstinent youth also described strategies employed for avoiding premarital sexual intercourse. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 localization in the normal human uveoscleral outflow pathway.

PURPOSE To determine the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the uveoscleral outflow pathway and other anterior segment tissues of normal human eyes. METHODS Normal human eyes were fixed in methacarn and sectioned and immunostained using a specific polyclonal antibody to MMP-1. Immunoreactivity was visualized using diaminobenzidine. To compare the staining intensity in various tissues, the mean optical density within the ciliary body, mid-iris stroma, iris root, uveal trabecular meshwork, cornea, and sclera was determined using imaging densitometry. To determine the cellular distribution of MMP-1 in ciliary muscle, additional sections were double-immunostained using antibodies to MMP-1 and calponin. These sections were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Specificity of the antibody to MMP-1 in ocular tissues was confirmed by western blot analysis with uveal tract homogenates. RESULTS Moderate-to-strong MMP-1 immunoreactivity was observed in ciliary muscle, iris, sclera, corneal endothelium, and ciliary nonpigmented epithelium. Lighter immunoreactivity was observed in corneal epithelium, blood vessels, trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and associated collector channels. Confocal microscopy showed that ciliary muscle MMP-1 was primarily inside ciliary muscle cells. Densitometry showed that net optical density was approximately fivefold greater in ciliary muscle, iris root, and sclera than in trabecular meshwork. CONCLUSIONS MMP-1 was prominently identified in regions of the anterior segment of normal human eyes associated with the uveoscleral outflow pathway and in the iris, corneal endothelium, and ciliary nonpigmented epithelium. These data support the hypothesis that MMP-1 activity is involved in regulating uveoscleral outflow facility.