Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amphetamine-Induced Sensitization Has Little Effect on Multiple Learning Paradigms and Fails to Rescue Mice with a Striatal Learning Defect

Behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants such as amphetamine (AMPH) is associated with synaptic modifications that are thought to underlie learning and memory. Because AMPH enhances extracellular dopamine in the striatum where dopamine and glutamate signaling are essential for learning, one might expect that the molecular and morphological changes that occur in the striatum in response to AMPH, including changes in synaptic plasticity, would affect learning. To ascertain whether AMPH sensitization affects learning, we tested wild-type mice and mice lacking NMDA receptor signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons in several different learning tests (motor learning, Pavlovian association, U-maze escape test with strategy shifting) with or without prior sensitization to AMPH. Prior sensitization had minimal effect on learning in any of these paradigms in wild-type mice and failed to restore learning in mutant mice, despite the fact that the mutant mice became sensitized by the AMPH treatment. We conclude that the changes in synaptic plasticity and many other signaling events that occur in response to AMPH sensitization are dissociable from those involved in learning the tasks used in our experiments.
N-Acetylcysteine ameliorates lithium-induced renal failure in rats.

BACKGROUND Prolonged lithium treatment may induce progressive deterioration of renal function in humans and experimental animals. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to be effective in the prevention of hypoperfusion and toxin-induced renal failure, but its effect on lithium nephrotoxicity has not been evaluated yet. The purpose of this study was to examine a possible renoprotective effect of NAC against lithium-induced renal failure in a rat model. METHODS Moderate renal failure was induced in 40 Sprague-Dawley rats using a 5 week protocol including 3 weeks of lithium chloride administration in the drinking water. The animals were divided randomly into two equal groups receiving either 10 mg/kg NAC or saline by two daily intraperitoneal injections. In week 6, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed by 99mTechnetium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid, and serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24 h urinary protein and osmolarity were measured. Kidneys were excised for pathological evaluation. RESULTS At the end of the lithium protocol, the GFR was significantly higher in the NAC-treated group compared with the control group, 0.92+/-0.35 vs 0.56+/-0.25 ml/min/100 g, respectively, P = 0.002. Serum creatinine and BUN were also significantly lower in the NAC-treated group 1.009+/-0.107 vs 1.143+/-0.118 mg/dl, P = 0.001, and 83.9+/-6.8 vs 88.95+/-7.1 mg/dl, P = 0.28, respectively. The percentages of tubular necrosis and tubular lumen obstruction, evaluated by light microscopy, were significantly lower in the NAC-treated group, P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NAC treatment has a renoprotective effect against lithium-induced renal failure in a rat model.
ICT USE: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL DIMENSIONS ON THE NEED FOR MEDIA RICHNESS AND TECHNOLOGICAL RICHNESS

Globalization is one of the major forces behind the growing need to know the extent to which culture and context-related variables influence information technology (IT) use. In this study, data collected from Chinese and Canadian managers was used to assess the impact of cultural dimensions on the extent to which people are interested in both media richness and technological features associated with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The results showed that there is a significant difference between Canadian and Chinese managers in terms of their interest in media richness. The results also showed that there is no relationship between cultural dimensions and peoples’ interest in technological features like storage capacity, data accessibility, and ability to access messages anytime, anywhere.
Depletion of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitors rather than increased availability of survival factors is a likely explanation for enhanced survival of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitors in X‐irradiated compared to normal CNS

Oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) survive and migrate following transplantation into adult rat central nervous system (CNS) exposed to high levels of X‐irradiation but fail to do so if they are transplanted into normal adult rat CNS. In the context of developing OP transplantation as a potential therapy for repairing demyelinating diseases it is clearly of some importance to understand what changes have occurred in X‐irradiated CNS that permit OP survival. This study addressed two alternative hypotheses. Firstly, X‐irradiation causes an increase in the availability of OP survival factors, allowing the CNS to support a greater number of progenitors. Secondly, X‐irradiation depletes the endogenous OP population thereby providing vacant niches that can be occupied by transplanted OPs. In situ hybridization was used to examine whether X‐irradiation causes an increase in mRNA expression of five known OP survival factors, CNTF, IGF‐I, PDGF‐A, NT‐3 and GGF‐2. The levels of expression of these factors at 4 and 10 days following exposure of the adult rat spinal cord to X‐irradiation remain the same as the expression levels in normal tissue. Using intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase, no evidence was found of X‐irradiation‐induced change in blood–brain barrier permeability that might have exposed X‐irradiated tissue to serum‐derived survival factors. However, in support of the second hypothesis, a profound X‐irradiation‐induced decrease in the number of OPs was noted. These data suggest that the increased survival of transplanted OPs in X‐irradiated CNS is not a result of the increases in the availability of the OP survival factors examined in this study but rather the depletion of endogenous OPs creating ‘space’ for transplanted OPs to integrate into the host tissue.
Beta Blocker Administration During Emergency Department Evaluation for Acute Coronary Syndrome Is Associated With Lower Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 1-Month Later.

We examined whether beta blocker administration in the emergency department (ED) during evaluation for suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms 1-month later. Participants (N = 350) were enrolled in the Reactions to Acute Care and Hospitalization (REACH) study, an ongoing observational cohort study of ED predictors of medical and psychological outcomes after evaluation for suspected ACS. Beta blockade during evaluation in the ED was extracted from medical records, and PTSD symptoms in response to the experience of suspected ACS were assessed 1-month later via telephone. Beta blockade in the ED was associated with lower PTSD symptoms 1-month later, b = -2.80, β = -. 09, p = . 045, after adjustment for demographics, preexisting psychological and medical covariates, and participants' distress during ED evaluation. Despite small effects, findings suggest that beta blockade during ED evaluation for suspected ACS-a time period relevant to fear consolidation of the memory of this potentially life-threatening event-may have protective effects for later psychological health.
Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism

Papers p 807 A decade ago, Broadus reviewed the historical data on the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism.1 Previously renal stone disease was recognised to be a far more frequent complication than bone disease—about half the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical series published through the 1970s presented with renal stones.1 Modern diagnostic tools for recognising hypercalcaemia and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone have had a dramatic impact on the frequency with which primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed, especially in older people with non-specific symptoms of the disease. Renal stone disease is considered a less frequent complication by some investigators, 2 3 although others have reported that up to 75% of patients undergoing surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism present with nephrolithiasis.4 Now, a study by Mollerup et al in this issue …
Renewable Hydrogen from Ethanol by Autothermal Reforming

Ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures were converted directly into H2 with ∼100% selectivity and >95% conversion by catalytic partial oxidation, with a residence time on rhodium-ceria catalysts of <10 milliseconds.Rapid vaporization and mixing with air with an automotive fuel injector were performed at temperatures sufficiently low and times sufficiently fast that homogeneous reactions producing carbon, acetaldehyde, ethylene, and total combustion products can be minimized.This process has great potential for low-cost H2 generation in fuel cells for small portable applications where liquid fuel storage is essential and where systems must be small, simple, and robust.
Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometeric Sensor Based on Microfiber Created by Chemical Etching

An intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometeric sensor based on a microfiber has been demonstrated. The micro-size suspended core is created by chemical etching a photonics crystal fiber, of which the cladding has a micrometer-spaced, hexagonal array of air holes. The sensing head is fabricated by chemical etching a short section of photonics crystal fiber spliced with a single mode fiber. The temperature sensing characteristic of the interferometer has also been demonstrated and a sensitivity 14.3 pm/°C is obtained.
Broadcast with Heterogeneous Node Capability

In this paper, we investigate the power-efficient broadcast routing problem over heterogeneous wireless ad hoc or sensor networks where network nodes have heterogeneous capability. The network links between pairs of nodes can no longer be modeled as symmetric or bidirectional. We show that, while most previous power-efficient algorithms work in this setting with minor modifications, they are not designed to exploit such asymmetric constraints. We present a suitable algorithm which takes into account of the constraints and yet most powerefficient among all known algorithms.
Risk Perception Related To (Il)licit Substance Use and Attitudes Towards Its' Use and Legalization – the Role of Age, Gender and Substance Use

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi odnos dobi, spola te uporabe duhana, alkohola i marihuane i razlicitih aspekata stavova prema uporabi (i)legalnih sredstava ovisnosti. Ispitivane su razlike u percepciji rizika i stavovima prema uporabi sredstava ovisnosti među skupinama aktivnih konzumenata, bivsih konzumenata i nekonzumenata, a s obzirom na njihovu dob i spol. Sudionici opcenito smatraju da je uporaba duhana/alkohola/marihuane povezana s umjerenim rizikom, a da je uporaba ekstazija/kokaina/ heroina povezana s visokim rizikom, te opcenito ne podržavaju njihovu uporabu ni legalizaciju. Utvrđena je i pozitivna povezanost između uporabe sredstava ovisnosti, kao i između stavova o kriminalizaciji droga, percepcije rizika povezanog s uporabom te neodobravanja uporabe (i)legalnih sredstava ovisnosti. Žene i stariji sudionici u pravilu manje konzumiraju (i)legalna sredstva ovisnosti, manje podržavaju legalizaciju marihuane i heroina te su skloniji neodobravanju uporabe sredstava ovisnosti i stavu da je ona rizicna. Aktivni konzumenti bilo kojega sredstva ovisnosti u pravilu imaju najpermisivnije stavove u odnosu na bivse konzumente i nekonzumente. Utvrđeno je da uporaba alkohola i duhana ima najjaci ucinak na stavove najmlađih, a najslabiji na stavove najstarijih sudionika, sto upucuje na potrebu dodatnog usmjeravanja intervencija prema mlađoj populaciji.
Does bilingualism matter for early literacy?

In this paper we discuss three areas of development that have been shown to be fundamental to the acquisition of literacy. These areas are experience with stories and book reading, concepts of print, and phonological awareness. In each area, we review the research comparing the development of these skills by bilingual and monolingual children. In all three areas, research has been contradictory regarding whether or not bilingual children differ from their monolingual peers. We attempt to reconcile some of these diverse findings by identifying more specifically the effects that bilingualism has on children's early literacy development.
Reading habits of pre-service teachers / Trayectorias de lectura del profesorado en formación

Abstract Recent studies on the reading habits of those studying to be teachers have questioned the reading identity of the people who are to become the future mediators of reading in school environments. Within this framework, the current research constitutes an exploratory hermeneutic interpretative study on the reading habits of pre-service teachers, in order to establish a reader profile for this population group, which is the focus of our study. The information is taken from students at Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. It has been collected through sharing life experiences and has undergone a mixed content statistical analysis. The results reveal a standard profile defined by discontinuous reading habits, precarious intertexts and current practices mainly related to bestsellers.
Effects of Under‐ and Overweighted Implement Training on Pitching Velocity

This study examined the effects of training with various combinations of standard, light, and heavy baseballs on pitching velocity. High school (n = 45) and university pitchers (n = 180) were pretested for pitching velocity and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Group 1 pitched with a heavy, light, and standard baseball 3 days a wk for 10 wks. Group 2 pitched with a heavy and standard baseball for the first 5 wks and then a light and standard baseball for the final 5 wks. Group 3 served as a control and pitched with a standard 5-oz baseball for 10 wks. Pitching velocities were determined by electromagnetic radiation radar. The velocity of 15 consecutive pitches was calculated to represent mean pitching velocity for each subject. Groups 1 and 2 improved significantly in throwing velocity, but no improvement was observed for the control group. The results suggest that training with weighted implements using either protocol can improve pitching velocity.
Achievement Goals as a Measure of Motivation in University Students

Abstract This was a descriptive study of the motivational orientations of first year university students, using as its theoretical base the construct of mastery and performance goals, plus an additional goal of academic alienation. Scales were developed to measure these goals. Dependent variables included a positive attitude toward the course students were taking, willingness to tackle difficult tasks, and reported use of effective metacognitive strategies. A series of analyses demonstrated the usefulness of goals in differentiating students′ motivational orientations. The consistency of the results was highlighted with the use of three independent samples (containing 271, 356, and 266 students). In addition, the relationship between students′ perceived ability and their motivation was examined. Also, the consequences of students′ simultaneous orientation toward mastery and performance goals were explored.
Efficacy, affect, and teams: Is momentum a misnomer?

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to test the predictions of the multidimensional model of momentum (Taylor & Demick, 1994) regarding the elusive psychological momentum‐performance relationship. Team‐efficacy and affect were examined as mediators of perceived psychological momentum. Teams were assigned to either a repeated success or repeated failure condition in which success or failure was manipulated by having participants compete against a comparison score to either constantly win the competition or constantly lose the competition. Each team performed three, 30‐ball, competitive volleyball trials. Task specific team‐efficacy, affect, and perceived psychological momentum were assessed prior to each trial and responded to success and failure as expected by the model. The results demonstrated the initiation of the momentum chain but indicated that performance did not significantly increase in response to continued success. Further, experiencing negative psychological momentum led to an increase in performance in a manner similar to the construct of negative facilitation (Cornelius, Silva, Conroy, & Peterson, 1997).
Does Integrity Matter for CSR Practice in Organizations? The Mediating Role of Transformational Leadership

Scholars have long debated whether leader's integrity affects managerial decision making with respect to social responsibility. In this paper, we propose a model in which transformational leadership mediates integrity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and examine the relationship between these concepts. A survey of 170 senior managers from 50 organizations was conducted. Results indicate that integrity is a predictor of transformational leadership behavior and that transformational leaders’ behaviors are linked to CSR practices. It was also found that leaders rated with higher integrity are engaged in CSR because they exhibit more transformational leadership behaviors. These findings add to the extant literature by demonstrating that integrity is important as transformational leaders engage more actively on ‘responsible’ behaviors. Practical implications call for an understanding among corporate leaders of the benefits of integrity and how it relates to transformational leadership. Organizations can improve their selection and leadership development processes by focusing on these two dimensions.
Julian Jaynes's software archeology.

Daniel Dennett received his B . A. from Harvard and his D. Phil. from Oxford. Following academic positions at the University of California at Irvine, at Harvard, and at Oxford, he joined the Department of Philosophy at Tufts University, where he is currently Professor of Philosophy. Dr. Dennett has also held the position of Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. He lectures widely in North America, Great Britain and Europe. His publications include books such as Brainstorms, The Mind’s I (with Douglas Hofstadter), and most recently Elbow Room, and journal articles on the issues of mind, consciousness, self hallucinations, and even grey matter. He has also written numerous reviews of theories of prominent philosophers. linguists, and psychologists, such as Passing the Buck to Biology on Noam Chomsky and Why do we think what we do about why we think what we do? on Nelson Goodman.
Religiousness, spirituality, and eudaimonic and hedonic well-being

This study tested a conceptual model of religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and hedonic well-being (HWB; measured by life satisfaction and positive affect) by including eudaimonic well-being (EWB; measured by meaning in life) as a mediator. Given the multidimensionality of R/S, we examined whether and how the magnitudes of direct and indirect relationships varied for various aspects of R/S: organizational religious practices, private religious practices, daily religious/spiritual experiences, and subjective spirituality. Web survey data of 450 US American adults were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that EWB partially mediated the relation of daily religious/spiritual experiences and HWB; however, the other three aspects of R/S had no indirect relationships with HWB. Additionally, private religious practices and subjective spirituality indicated negative direct relationships with HWB. Approximately 68% of the variance in HWB was accounted for by the variables included in this model. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
The Development of Accounting Quality of IAS and IFRS Over Time: The Case of Germany

ABSTRACT: We examine the characteristics of accounting amounts using a sample of German companies reporting under International Accounting Standards (IAS) during 2000–2002 (IAS period), and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) during 2003–2004 (IFRSvoluntary period) and 2005–2006 (IFRSmandatory period). We find a decrease in accounting quality after the mandatory EU adoption in 2005. Our findings on earnings smoothing and timely loss recognition corroborates largely our findings related to value relevance of accounting information. Our results indicate that accounting quality has not improved but worsened over time. Further analysis shows that this development is less likely to be driven by new adopters of IFRS but is driven by the changes of the standards. Contrary to the intention with the adoption of the European adoption of IFRS, this makes it harder for investors to base their decisions on the IFRS financial reporting.
Methanol marker for the thermal performance qualification of power transformers

The new chemical markers for the transformer insulating paper aging are characterized by their occurrence after the first chain scissions of the cellulose solid insulation. Furthermore, one of the major concerns for transformers users is the knowledge of the thermal performance of their new equipment. Nowadays, the standard heat run test remains the only mean to validate the thermal design in the process of the qualification of new power transformers. In addition to this test, the analysis of dissolved gases are achieved but they are not dedicated to the detection of cellulose degradation. The factory acceptance tests (FAT) and mainly the heat run test, give the opportunity to verify whether the methanol production in oil may bring some additional information about the quality of the thermal design. In this paper we report the experience performed during qualification testing at the factory in which we examined whether these new markers provide a new insight. During the factory heat run test of some transformers including GSUs, we collected samples of oil to carry out physico-chemical analyzes, and some key points are derived from these investigations. Methanol production is generally detectable during the heat run tests and seems consistent with the measurement of the hot spots in the windings. Singular behavior of some units can be detected through the measurement results of methanol marker concentration in oil. The sensitivity of methanol during temperature rise test is an interesting approach and could be promising as a complement to conventional dissolved gas analysis. Further investigations are also identified, like the impact of the duration of the test or the influence of the drying process of the active part.
Age-related changes in the misinformation effect.

In these experiments, we examined the relation between age-related changes in retention and age-related changes in the misinformation effect. Children (5- and 6- and 11- and 12-year-olds) and adults viewed a video, and their memory was assessed immediately, 1 day, or 6 weeks later (Experiment 1). There were large age-related differences in retention when participants were interviewed immediately and after 1 day, but after the 6-week delay, age-related differences in retention were minimal. In Experiment 2, 11- and 12-year-olds and adults were exposed to neutral, leading, and misleading postevent information 1 day or 6 weeks after they viewed the video. Exposure to misleading information increased the number of commission errors, particularly when participants were asked about peripheral aspects of the video. At both retention intervals, children were more likely than adults to incorporate the misleading postevent information into their subsequent verbal accounts. These findings indicate that age-related changes in the misinformation effect are not predicted by age-related changes in retention.