Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Places to Avoid: Population-Based Study of Student Reports of Unsafe and High Bullying Areas at School

Students’ perceptions of school safety and experiences with bullying were examined in a large Canadian cohort of 5,493 girls and 5,659 boys in Grades 4 to 12. Results indicate notable differences in when and where students felt safe based on their own perceptions of safety and their own experiences with bullying, particularly across elementary and secondary schools. For elementary students, especially those involved in bullying, the playground/school yard and outside recess/break time were particularly hazardous, whereas for secondary students involved in bullying, the hallways, school lunchroom/cafeteria, and outside recess/break were considered especially dangerous. The commonality across student-identified unsafe areas is that they tend to not be well supervised by school personnel. Accordingly, the present results underscore the need to increase adult supervision in areas in which an overwhelming majority of students report feeling unsafe. Une analyse de la perception des élèves vis-à-vis de la sécurité à l’école et des expériences en rapport avec l’intimidation a été effectuée dans une cohorte d’étudiants canadiens de la 4e à la 12e année, qui comporte 5493 filles et 5659 garçons. Les résultats ont montré des différences remarquables en ce qui a trait aux lieux et aux moments où les étudiants se sentent en sécurité. Ces derniers se basent sur leurs propres perceptions de la sécurité ainsi que sur leurs expériences en rapport avec l’intimidation, principalement à travers les écoles élémentaires et secondaires. Selon les élèves qui fréquentent les niveaux élémentaires (en particulier ceux qui sont impliqués dans l’intimidation), la cour de récréation et les périodes de pause à l’extérieur du bâtiment scolaire sont particulièrement risquées. Les élèves impliqués dans l’intimidation et qui fréquentent les niveaux secondaires, quant à eux, considèrent que les couloirs, la salle de déjeuner/cafétéria à l’école et les périodes de pause à l’extérieur du bâtiment scolaire, sont dangereux. Le point commun entre tous les secteurs décrits par les élèves comme peu sécuritaires, est le manque de supervision par le personnel de l’école. En conséquence, les résultats actuels soulignent la nécessité d’augmenter la surveillance adulte dans les secteurs où une la grande majorité des élèves éprouvent le sentiment d’insécurité.
The Connotation of Work Values: A Preliminary Review

This paper first takes the method of literature review, generalizes the consensus of values’ definitions: concept or belief of action; a kind of attitudes, tendencies, or beliefs; cognitive representations of human requirement; comprehensive definitions. It also briefly generalizes the mainstream views of values’ structures. Then, it argues that work values can be defined from three perspectives, the 1st of which is the perspective of tendency or orientation of beliefs or attitudes as following: tendency of career choice and commitment of learning and work, beliefs about the desirability of various work features, constellations of attitudes and opinions, anticipation about results of occupational work, and representing motivational aspects; the 2nd of which is the perspective of estimation as: assessment of the importance of a goal or behavior, the importance individuals give to the outcomes arising in the work context, standards of evaluation, and information system of estimation; and the 3rd of which, the perspective of synthesis as relatively overall generalization of work values. At last, it briefly generalizes the structures of work values from different dimensions.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Case-Control Study of Hospitalized Patients

This case-control study of hospitalized patients compared underlying conditions, symptoms, signs, laboratory data, and radiographic presentations between Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)–positive and –negative patients. Those with MERS-CoV were more likely to be overweight and to have diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, tachypnea, and a normal white blood cell count on bivariate analysis.
Vibrational modes of hydraulic fractures: Inference of fracture geometry from resonant frequencies and attenuation

Oscillatory seismic signals arising from resonant vibrations of hydraulic fractures are observed in many geologic systems, including volcanoes, glaciers and ice sheets, and hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs. To better quantify the physical dimensions of fluid‐filled cracks and properties of the fluids within them, we study wave motion along a thin hydraulic fracture waveguide. We present a linearized analysis, valid at wavelengths greater than the fracture aperture, that accounts for quasi‐static elastic deformation of the fracture walls, as well as fluid viscosity, inertia, and compressibility. In the long‐wavelength limit, anomalously dispersed guided waves known as crack or Krauklis waves propagate with restoring force from fracture wall elasticity. At shorter wavelengths, the waves become sound waves within the fluid channel. Wave attenuation in our model is due to fluid viscosity, rather than seismic radiation from crack tips or fracture wall roughness. We characterize viscous damping at both low frequencies, where the flow is always fully developed, and at high frequencies, where the flow has a nearly constant velocity profile away from viscous boundary layers near the fracture walls. Most observable seismic signals from resonating fractures likely arise in the boundary layer crack wave limit, where fluid‐solid coupling is pronounced and attenuation is minimal. We present a method to estimate the aperture and length of a resonating hydraulic fracture using both the seismically observed quality factor and characteristic frequency. Finally, we develop scaling relations between seismic moment and characteristic frequency that might be useful when interpreting the statistics of hydraulic fracture events.
Reduction in squamous cell carcinomas in mouse skin by dietary zinc supplementation

Inadequate dietary Zn consumption increases susceptibility to esophageal and other cancers in humans and model organisms. Since Zn supplementation can prevent cancers in rodent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) models, we were interested in determining if it could have a preventive effect in a rodent skin cancer model, as a preclinical basis for considering a role for Zn in prevention of human nonmelanoma skin cancers, the most frequent cancers in humans. We used the 7,12‐dimethyl benzanthracene carcinogen/phorbol myristate acetate tumor promoter treatment method to induce skin tumors in Zn‐sufficient wild‐type and Fhit (human or mouse protein) knockout mice. Fhit protein expression is lost in >50% of human cancers, including skin SCCs, and Fhit‐deficient mice show increased sensitivity to carcinogen induction of tumors. We hypothesized that: (1) the skin cancer burdens would be reduced by Zn supplementation; (2) Fhit−/−(Fhit, murine fragile histidine triad gene) mice would show increased susceptibility to skin tumor induction versus wild‐type mice. 30 weeks after initiating treatment, the tumor burden was increased ~2‐fold in Fhit−/− versus wild‐type mice (16.2 versus 7.6 tumors, P < 0.001); Zn supplementation significantly reduced tumor burdens in Fhit−/− mice (males and females combined, 16.2 unsupplemented versus 10.3 supplemented, P = 0.001). Most importantly, the SCC burden was reduced after Zn supplementation in both strains and genders of mice, most significantly in the wild‐type males (P = 0.035). Although the mechanism(s) of action of Zn supplementation in skin tumor prevention is not known in detail, the Zn‐supplemented tumors showed evidence of reduced DNA damage and some cohorts showed reduced inflammation scores. The results suggest that mild Zn supplementation should be tested for prevention of skin cancer in high‐risk human cohorts.
Effects of Adult Children's Divorce on Parental Well-being, and Intergenerational Relationships: An Exploratory Study among Korean Families

Although the prevalence of divorce in South Korea has greatly increased since late 1990s, the impact of divorce on the parents of adult children in Korean families has received very little attention. This is particularly unfortunate because of the emphasis in Korean culture on family cohesion and obligations. To address these issues, we explored in our study the well-being of the parents of divorced adult children as well as intergenerational relationships among the members of Korean families. Total 113 parents participated (39 males and 74 females), age ranged from 46 to 65. Of the total participants surveyed, 29% were parents of divorced children (N=33), with the remainder having children in intact marriages (N=80). The measures examined four areas: (1) demographics, (2) parental psychological well-being, (3) intergeneration relationships, and (3) parental perception of their adult child's marital experience. A series of MANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Our findings indicate important differences between parents of divorced children and parents of non-divorced children on overall well-being, interpersonal relationships, and parental perception, which is consistent with previous studies. Parents of divorced children in this study also reported lower level of intergenerational relationships compared to parents of nondivorced children. Parent-grandchild relationships seem to be particularly important for parental well-being. In addition, we found an unexpected association between parents and their relationship with their former children inlaws. More detailed discussion was discussed.
Immune response-associated production of neopterin. Release from macrophages primarily under control of interferon-gamma

Neopterin, a compound derived from GTP, represents a precursor molecule of biopterin that is an essential cofactor in neurotransmitter synthesis. We have recently reported that in vivo as well as in vitro immune responses are accompanied by an increased release of neopterin and that this phenomenon can be used for the biochemical monitoring of diseases accompanied by hyperimmune stimulation. This article deals with the cellular origin and the control of this immune response- associated neopterin release in vitro. Using highly purified or monoclonal cellular reagents we demonstrate that macrophages (M phi) stimulated with supernatants from activated T cells release large amounts of neopterin into culture supernatants. Further experiments involving induction of neopterin release from M phi with various human recombinant interferons (IFNs) or neutralization of the effect of T cell supernatants with various monoclonal anti-IFN antibodies revealed immune IFN as the active principle. It thus appears that a metabolic pathway so far exclusively known in context with the generation of an essential cofactor of neurotransmitter-synthesis during immune responses is also activated in M phi under stringent control by immune IFN-like lymphokines.
Corporate entrepreneurship contingencies and organizational wealth creation

Despite the recognized importance of entrepreneurship for organizational wealth creation, research has devoted minimal attention to investigating this area. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and wealth creation by developing and testing a normative model, which clarifies the nature of the influences of corporate entrepreneurship and its environmental and organizational antecedents on organizational performance. The findings of structural equation modeling, based on mail survey data from 477 Slovenian firms, demonstrate that corporate entrepreneurship and some its contingencies make a difference in organizational wealth creation, growth and profitability.
Resting GABA concentration predicts peak gamma frequency and fMRI amplitude in response to visual stimulation in humans

Functional imaging of the human brain is an increasingly important technique for clinical and cognitive neuroscience research, with functional MRI (fMRI) of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response and electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of neural oscillations being 2 of the most popular approaches. However, the neural and physiological mechanisms that generate these responses are only partially understood and sources of interparticipant variability in these measures are rarely investigated. Here, we test the hypothesis that the properties of these neuroimaging metrics are related to individual levels of cortical inhibition by combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify resting GABA concentration in the visual cortex, MEG to measure stimulus-induced visual gamma oscillations and fMRI to measure the BOLD response to a simple visual grating stimulus. Our results demonstrate that across individuals gamma oscillation frequency is positively correlated with resting GABA concentration in visual cortex (R = 0.68; P < 0.02), BOLD magnitude is inversely correlated with resting GABA (R = −0.64; P < 0.05) and that gamma oscillation frequency is strongly inversely correlated with the magnitude of the BOLD response (R = −0.88; P < 0.001). Our results are therefore supportive of recent theories suggesting that these functional neuroimaging metrics are dependent on the excitation/inhibition balance in an individual's cortex and have important implications for the interpretation of functional imaging results, particularly when making between-group comparisons in clinical research.
English immersion schools in China: evidence from students and teachers

Abstract Research has demonstrated that second language immersion is an effective means of facilitating primary school students' second language acquisition without undermining their competence in their first language. Despite the rapid growth of Chinese–English bilingual programmes in China, limited empirical research has been conducted thus far by which to evaluate the programme effectiveness in relation to students' academic achievement, their cognitive development and the teaching and learning processes with regard to teacher education. This article presents evidence from several related empirical studies recently conducted in three schools affiliated with the China–Canada–United States English Immersion (CCUEI) project. These studies focus on three broad categories of findings: first, on student academic achievement represented by English (L2), Chinese (L1) and mathematics (both literacy and numeracy); second, on cognitive predictors of English reading and listening achievement of these immersion students; and third, on immersion teachers who teach within the context of Chinese–English bilingual education. These combined results present a complex developmental picture of students' academic achievement and cognitive development; and an insight into the teachers who teach within the context of an aggressive fast growth of Chinese–English bilingual programmes in China.
Irreversible denaturation of proteins through aluminum-induced formation of backbone ring structures.

A combination of ab initio calculations, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has shown that aluminum ions can induce the formation of backbone ring structures in a wide range of peptides, including neurodegenerative disease related motifs. These ring structures greatly destabilize the protein and result in irreversible denaturation. This behavior benefits from the ability of aluminum ions to form chemical bonds simultaneously with the amide nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms on the peptide backbone.
"Segurando na mão de Deus": organizações religiosas e apoio ao empreendedorismo

The article investigates mechanisms offered by religious organizations to support entrepreneurial initiatives. We examine two organizations, one catholic and one protestant, using a qualitative case study design. The comparative assessment was based on three dimensions of support that appeared as a result of the data analysis, that we called spaces of information, formation, and motivation. The dimensions are considered as possible important research results and were used to investigate the impact on the traditional stages of the entrepreneurial process of the mechanisms made available by the two religious organizations. The analysis indicates certain similarities between the two cases: church membership assists in the creation of social capital that impacts various economic dimensions, as well as provides religious support to the economic motivations. However, the differences between the two churches become evident in the religious interpretation of economic success and in the articulation and closure of their social networks.
Commentary: The Education of Language-Minority Students: Where Are We, and Where Do We Need to Go?

The Elementary School Journal Volume 96, Number 3 o 1996 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0013-5984/96/9603-0011$01.00 Language-minority children, particularly those who are Spanish-speaking and from low-income backgrounds, generally do not do well in U.S. schools. Unfortunately, our schools' response to the challenge of nonEnglish-speaking students has been uneven, fitful, and laced with political, ideological, and methodological controversies such as those swirling around bilingual education (Carter & Segura, 1979; Crawford, 1991). Despite pockets of success here and there (e.g., Krashen & Biber, 1988), the overall picture for many of these students is troubling. Spanish-speaking studentseven when taught and tested in Spanish-still score at the thirty-second percentile in relation to a national comparison group (taught and tested in English); in second and third grades, when they are still taught and tested in Spanish, their scores drop to the twenty-seventh percentile (CTB/McGraw-Hill, 1982, 1988). Eighty-five percent of Hispanic fourth and eighth graders read in English at a "basic" level or below. Over half score even below "basic," meaning they cannot demonstrate understanding of a text written at their grade level (Mullis, Campbell, & Farstrup, 1993). There is little disagreement that a crisis exists. The real question is what should be done about it. Here is where things get difficult because of, first, the difficulty of sorting out the roots of the problem and, second, the scarcity of demonstrably effective solutions. I will try to illustrate these difficulties by discussing two of the many topics addressed by the authors of articles in this special issue-(1) low English academic engagement by limited-English-proficient (LEP) students and (2) the challenges of
Multiculturalism in Europe and America

Abstract. Although there is a popular discourse about multiculturalism in Europe and North America which suggests that there is a single set of problems, the political problems which multiculturalism addresses are different in these two contexts. As outlined here the problem in Western Europe is that in liberal democracies and social democratic welfare states two questions have to be addressed. One is that of equality, the other the recognition of cultural diversity. As is shown here a number of important European social scientists have feared that the acceptance of cultural diversity will actually undermine important and valued political structures without improving the condition of minorities. In the United States a different set of problems has arisen. While the Civil Rights movement appeared to be helping Blacks to achieve equality in the sixties, by the late eighties there was a sense of disillusion about this process and the emergence of ideologies based upon separatism which appeared to point to the ‘disuniting’ of America. Some of these ideologies were what was being discussed under the heading of multiculturalism. A further contrast has to be made with Canada which is often thought of as an arch-exponent of multiculturalism, but in which all problems of ethnic equality are tied up with the specific problems generated by Quebecois nationalism.
A Fundamental Polarity in Psychoanalysis: Implications for Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process

Interpersonal relatedness (attachment) and self-definition (separation) are fundamental psychological dimensions that are central to psychoanalytic thought, beginning with Freud, as well as in a wide range of nonpsychoanalytic formulations. These constructs provide a theoretical matrix that facilitates identifying continuities among personality development, variations in normal personality or character formation, concepts of psychopathology, and mechanisms of therapeutic action. The identification of these continuities enables us to consider many forms of psychopathology, not as diseases with assumed but as yet undocumented biological origins, but as distortions that derive from variations and disruptions of normal psychological development. Likewise, the identification of these continuities enables us to consider the relationship of mechanisms of therapeutic action to psychological development more generally. Validation of aspects of these formulations have been found in studies of depression and personality disorders as well as in systematic investigations of therapeutic change.
Lying and deception in everyday life

1. Deceit and Illusion in Human Affairs, Saarni and Lewis 2. What a Tangled Web: Deception and Self-Deception in Philosophy, Solomon 3. Animals as Liars: The Human Face of Nonhuman Duplicity, Mitchell 4. The Development of Deception, Lewis 5. The Socialization of Emotional Dissemblance, Saarni & von Salisch 6. Sex Differences in Lying: How Women and Men Deal with the Dilemma of Deceit, DePaulo, Epstein, & Wyer 7. Looking at Oneself in a Rose-Colored Mirror: The Role of Excuses in the Negotiation of a Personal Reality, Sigmon & Snyder 8. Lying to Yourself: The Enigma of Self-Deception, Baumeister 9. Lies that Fail, Ekman & Frank 10. Understanding Malingering: Motivation, Method, and Detection, Kropp & Rogers
The Unemployed Workers Movement of the 1930s: A Reexamination of the Piven and Cloward Thesis

This paper examines the rise and decline of the unemployed workers movement in the United States in the 1930s. The analysis highlights the articulation of the movement's organizational form and the larger political environment to explain these changes. The movement's inability to change its organizational form in the face of early New Deal reforms led to the precipitous decline in protest activity in 1934. Contrary to the Piven and Cloward thesis, this inability derived from neither oligarchic tendencies within the leadership nor political coaptation by the New Deal, but from the competition between organizations within the movement. Although protest declined, lobbying continued and shifted the parameters of the welfare debate in 1934 and 1935. I consider the implications of this analysis for theories of collective action and argue that movement structure and political environment are key resources in a movement's development.