Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Everything is at stake; yet nothing is at stake: exploring meaning-making in game-centred approaches

While not wishing to cover old ground in articulating the promise or continued promise of phenomenology within the physical education and sports domains, this paper aims to explore the ‘human’ nature of the game-centred approach (GCA) from an existential-phenomenological perspective. In a recent review of literature on the current state of research on GCAs, Harvey and Jarrett made the call for phenomenological-oriented empirical studies. Urging the academic fraternity to embrace such ‘participatory epistemologies’ is an extremely positive and important step by the authors. This is because, although they do not explicitly make the point, to call for the embrace of phenomenological-oriented research into GCAs, the authors are accepting the fundamental importance of individual experience and meaning in games teaching. If we focus on the individual it then becomes a distinct possibility of structuring increasingly meaningful game-centred practice. In this respect we analyze Martin Heidegger's notion of ‘being-in-the-world’ and illustrate how Arnold's three categories of meaningful movement—primordial, contextual and existential—can help facilitate ideas for pedagogical practice and provide an appropriate interpretive lens for future research into GCAs.
Factors Influencing Pop Music Preferences of Young People

This study examined self-reported reasons by students at various grade levels for their pop music preferences. In addition, it compared responses of students in grades five, seven, nine, eleven, and college, as well as responses of students with different experience and background characteristics. Results revealed that characteristics such as the melody, mood, rhythm, and lyrics of a selection were the most important reasons for preference. Sociocultural variables generally were viewed as less important. Specific differences were noted in the importance of several variables for different grade levels. Similarly, there were some differences in response according to some student back ground characteristics.
Interdisciplinary Teacher Teams: Context, Design, and Process

Teacher involvement strategies have become an important part of educational reform. Work group enhancement, although less used than individual approaches, is gaining attention in reform efforts and research investigations. Hackman and Oldham’s model on work group effectiveness provides a useful conceptual framework for understanding the nature of interdisciplinary teacher teams. This article reports on a study of interdisciplinary teacher teams during the 2nd year of implementation of teaming in a middle school. Based on observational and interview data, the study identifies the major context, design (structure), and process features of each of the four teams in the school. The article also provides a discussion of implications for practice and research in the area of collaborative teaching reforms.
Examining Juvenile Delinquency within Activity Space: Building a Context for Offender Travel Patterns

Researchers modeling offender travel patterns typically assume that crime locations are well within the offenders’ activity space. Using information about the places frequented by 2,563 delinquent youths residing in Southern California, this study examined distances traveled to delinquent and nondelinquent hangout locations. Travel to known delinquent sites was substantively farther from home than expected and exhibited a segmented nonlinear curve, joining logarithmic and negative exponential functions. Significant variation was found for place-specific (trip distance) and person-specific (individual travel) distances by city classification, travel method, and age cohort; age effects disappeared in multivariate analyses. Several implications follow, highlighting the need to infuse a place-oriented approach to studying journey-to-crime.
Good Skills in Bad Times: Cyclical Skill Mismatch and the Long-Term Effects of Graduating in a Recession

We show that cyclical skill mismatch, defined as mismatch between the skills supplied by college graduates and skills demanded by hiring industries, is an important mechanism behind persistent career loss from graduating in recessions. Using Norwegian data, we find a strong countercyclical pattern of skill mismatch among college graduates. Initial labor market conditions have a declining but persistent effect on the probability of mismatch early in their careers. We provide a simple model of industry mobility that is consistent with our empirical findings. The initially mismatched graduates are also more vulnerable to business cycle variations at the time of graduation.
Rejection patterns in botryllid ascidian immunity : the first tier of allorecognition

Botryllid ascidians, a small but geographically widely distributed group of compound tunicates, are being used as a model system for the study of allorecognition. Botryllid ascidians possess a unique type of immunity. Pairs of colonies that meet through their extending ampullae either fuse to form a chimera or develop cytotoxic lesions at contact zones (rejection). This first tier of allorecognition is succeeded (in cases of fusion) by two additional tiers, not reviewed here (the colony resorption phenomenon and the phenomenon of somatic and germ cell parasitism). Fusion and rejection are controlled by a single highly polymorphic gene locus termed the fusibility/histocompatibility (Fu/HC) locus. One shared allele on the Fu/HC locus is enough for fusion. Rejecting colonies do not share any Fu/HC alleles. To date, 14 botryllid ascidians have been studied for their fusibility patterns; of these, the cosmopolitan species Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766) has emerged as the most studied taxon. This review summarizes studies revealing the various types of noncompatible responses that are expressed following the application of the "colony allorecogni- tion assay" and the "cut surface assay". These include divergent alloresponses related to different populations of the same botryllid species, distinctive allorecognition sites, polymorphism and a repertoire of Fu/HC alleles, a state of low responsiveness as opposed to the expected immunological memory, the retreat growth phenomenon, and the irreversible nature of the rejection process. A detailed description of the accumulated knowledge on the effector cells (morula cells and macrophages), the humoral and cellular molecules (at the biochemical and molecular levels), and the propheno- loxidase system is given. Links between allogeneic responses and the evolutionary ecology of botryllid ascidians are revealed. Since tunicates occupy a key phylogenetic position in the origin of the vertebrates, the study of colony allo- recognition in this group may shed light on self/nonself recognition elements in other multicellular organisms, includ- ing vertebrates.
Investigating novice teacher experiences of the teaching dynamics operating in selected school communities in Finland

This study focuses on the lived experiences of five novice teachers during their first academic year of teaching. This article analyzes the experiences of new teachers based on long-term data collection throughout a school year as one means of bridging the gap between teacher preparation and actual teaching practice. The findings indicate that teaching for novices is a demanding task because it centers on complex, interrelated sets of thoughts, actions, and dynamics.
Exploring Hidden Markov Models for Virus Analysis: A Semantic Approach

Recent work has presented hidden Markov models (HMMs) as a compelling option for virus identification. However, to date little research has been done to identify the meaning of these hidden states. In this paper, we examine HMMs for four different compilers, hand-written assembly code, three virus construction kits, and a metamorphic virus in order to note similarities and differences in the hidden states of the HMMs. Furthermore, we develop the dueling HMM Strategy, which leverages our knowledge about different compilers for more precise identification. We hope that this approach will allow for the development of better virus detection tools based on HMMs.
Effects of Children on Women's Remarriage Prospects1

LIFE table analyses of data for white women from the 1975 Current Population Survey showed that the effects of the number of children women had at divorce on their remarriage probabilities depended on the women's age at divorce. Among women divorcing before age 25, being childless increased the likelihood of remarriage; but among women divorcing at 35 or older, having no children decreased it. For women divorcing at age 25 to 34, there was no effect. The failure of previous studies to take into account this interaction between children and age of woman at divorce, along with other problems discussed and corrected in the article, may explain the conflicting results obtained by earlier research.
Finding a voice, fighting for rights: the emergence of the transgender movement in Hong Kong 1

Abstract This paper is intended to provide a space for reflection on Hong Kong’s transgender movement at its current stage, with particular reference to the objectives and activities of the Hong Kong Transgender Equality and Acceptance Movement (‘TEAM’). Established in 2002, TEAM was the first organized group of transgender people and supporters in Hong Kong. First, the paper examines the emergence of the transgender movement in Hong Kong, situating the stated objectives of TEAM in the broader social, legal and political context in Hong Kong. It then considers the successes and limitations of TEAM’s activities to date, measured against its objectives. Finally, it examines why Hong Kong’s transgender community has not yet fought for the right to legal recognition of their gender identity, as have transgender individuals and transgender movements in many other countries around the world. In the Asia‐Pacific region these include Australia, Japan, the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea and New Zealand. Through interviews with members of TEAM, the paper questions whether legal recognition is indeed a concern and/or priority for Hong Kong’s transgender community, and, if so, what prevents Hong Kong transgender people from claiming their right to legal recognition in the courts or through the political process.
Development and Field Test of a Gender-Informed Security Reclassification Scale for Female Offenders

Two samples of Canadian federal female offender case files are used to develop and test a gender-informed security reclassification scale. Study 1 uses 285 consecutive offender security level (OSL) reviews for federally sentenced women to empirically construct the Security Reclassification Scale for Women (SRSW). Study 2 uses all federal female OSL reviews that occurred between July 2000 and June 2003 (n = 580) to test the validity and reliability of the SRSW. Results suggest that the SRSW is a reliable and valid tool for the security classification of federally sentenced women in Canada. Relative to the current classification method, the SRSW places fewer cases at maximum security and more cases at minimum security. Within a fixed 3-month follow-up, the SRSW is significantly more predictive of minor institutional misconduct than the structured clinical method currently in use. Results are discussed in terms of both theoretical and operational implications.
Refining a Non-Kohlbergian Decision-Making Approach to the Production of Justifications for Moral Judgements

This paper reports two studies primarily designed to refine understanding of the influence of interview topic on the proportions of major types of justifications for moral judgements encountered during moral judgement interviews. It was assumed that subjects will tend to report the use of information that supports their decisions when a definite decision is made and will report all kinds of relevant information when they are uncertain what to decide. It was suggested that for situations to which a well-known moral rule applies, when the rule is upheld, the rule will influence such proportions as different rules are valued for different reasons. When such a rule is rejected, the nature of the reason suggested for rejecting the rule will influence such proportions. When subjects are uncertain whether to support or reject a rule, such proportions will be influenced by both the rule and the reason suggesting rejection. These predictions were broadly verified, which was interpreted as supporting the suggested analysis of the influence of these aspects of the interview topic on proportions of major types of justification.
Prevalence and incidence of adults consulting for shoulder conditions in UK primary care; patterns of diagnosis and referral.

OBJECTIVES To estimate the national prevalence and incidence of adults consulting for a shoulder condition and to investigate patterns of diagnosis, treatment, consultation and referral 3 yr after initial presentation. METHODS Prevalence and incidence rates were estimated for 658469 patients aged 18 and over in the year 2000 using a primary care database, the IMS Disease Analyzer-Mediplus UK. A cohort of 9215 incident cases was followed-up prospectively for 3 yr beyond the initial consultation. RESULTS The annual prevalence and incidence of people consulting for a shoulder condition was 2.36% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.32-2.40%] and 1.47% (95% CI 1.44-1.50%), respectively. Prevalence increased linearly with age whilst incidence peaked at around 50 yr then remained static at around 2%. Around half of the incident cases consulted once only, while 13.6% were still consulting with a shoulder problem during the third year of follow-up. During the 3 yr following initial presentation, 22.4% of patients were referred to secondary care, 30.8% were prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 10.6% were given an injection by their general practitioner (GP). GPs tended to use a limited number of generalized codes when recording a diagnosis; just five of 426 possible Read codes relating to shoulder conditions accounted for 74.6% of the diagnoses of new cases recorded by GPs. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of people consulting for shoulder problems in primary care is substantially lower than community-based estimates of shoulder pain. Most referrals occur within 3 months of initial presentation, but only a minority of patients are referred to orthopaedic specialists or rheumatologists. GPs may lack confidence in applying precise diagnoses to shoulder conditions.
In-Group and Out-Group Communication Patterns in International Organizations

This study sought to find out whether social distance associated with social identity manifests itself in intergroup differentiation in communication patterns in multiple types of communication networks with the in-group and out-group members. Survey data were collected from workers in international organizations with bicultural (U.S. and Japanese) workforces. The results provided evidence to support the first hypothesis that the overall patterns differ between in-group and out-group communication for both the U.S. and Japanese samples. Three other hypotheses predicted that, compared to workers who do not exhibit much identification with their in-groups, those highly identified with their in-groups communicate in such a manner that manifests more social distance from the out-group members and less social distance from the in-group members. Although the results provided some evidence to support the hypotheses, they suggest that the relationship between social identification and intergroup differentiation is more complex than anticipated. Theoretical implications are discussed.
How to turn difficulties into opportunities: drawing from diversity to promote social cohesion

Racism in Europe is an ongoing reality that shapes many people’s everyday lives. Diversity is often perceived as a barrier to social cohesion or educational success. These discourses are very often translated into measures that tend to assimilate or segregate those with a migrant or minority background. In this article, drawing from the results of the INCLUD‐ED project, it is argued that through the implementation of successful actions diversity can be turned into an opportunity to enhance learning and social cohesion.
Defining and investigating monolingualism

Some may find it strange to see a special journal issue on monolingualism. After all, is it not bilinguals and multilinguals who present the more interesting questions? It certainly seems so, for research has concentrated on their linguistic, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic make-up. The implication of this is that monolingualism is the norm, and that bilingualism and multilingualism constitute abnormal states which merit investigation; even though this idea sits oddly with the belief of most linguists that the majority of the world’s population is bi- or multilingual, and that therefore monolingualism may be the exception rather than the norm. There is little systematic investigation of monolingualism: Romaine pointed out in 1995 that she would find it strange to see a book with the title ‘Monolingualism’. This special issue of Sociolinguistic Studies carries just such a title, and the papers it includes represent an attempt to explore the phenomenon of monolingualism from a number of different perspectives. In this introduction I will outline why a simple definition of monolingualism is neither easy to establish nor useful, and also why it is important to come to an understanding of it as a particular kind of ‘lingualism’ (Cruz Ferreira p.c.). I then review ways in which monolingualism has been represented thus far in the literature, outline some possible research questions and end by introducing the contributions to this volume.
Changing visions of excellence in ontario school policy: The cases of living and learning and for the love of learning

In this essay, Rosa Bruno-Jofre and George Hills examine two major Ontario policy documents: 1968's Living and Learning and 1994's For the Love of Learning. The purpose is, first, to gain insight into the uses of the term “excellence” in the context of discourse about educational aims and evaluation, and, second, to explore how these uses may have changed over time. Bruno-Jofre and Hills employ the conceptual framework developed by Madhu Prakash and Leonard Waks to elucidate the varied notions of excellence contained in the two reports. Bruno-Jofre and Hills argue that Living and Learning is an eclectic report that creates continuity by aligning itself with the pedagogically progressive tradition in Ontario; that propounds a holistic conception of excellence centered on the all-around development of the self; and that seeks simultaneously to secure a sense of being Canadian while dealing with rapidly emerging social fragmentation. For the Love of Learning, in contrast, attempts to combine a technical view of excellence in education (stressing various literacies and skills as measurable indicators) with the principles of caring and the goals of social responsibility. Each report can be seen as an attempt to respond to the expectations of a population that had become increasingly diverse in the interval between the two reports. What is cause for concern in terms of policymaking, Bruno-Jofre and Hills conclude, is the turn away from broader, more comprehensive and coherent views of excellence in education toward narrower and more fragmented accounts that are preoccupied with various types of literacy or loosely related vocational and other skills. The effect of this shift is to leave educational policy and practice in the schools essentially rudderless.
Autoregulation of hip, an operon that affects lethality due to inhibition of peptidoglycan or DNA synthesis

The hip locus of Escherichia coli affects the frequency of persistence to the lethal consequences of selective inhibition of either DNA or peptidoglycan synthesis. Regulation of the hip operon, which consists of a regulatory region and two genes, hipB and hipA, was examined with strains containing a hip-lac transcriptional fusion placed in single copy at the lambda att site. Disruption of the hip locus increased activity from the fusion 16-fold. Repression was restored by supplying HipB in trans. HipB was overexpressed and purified. On the basis of gel filtration and cross-linking studies, HipB is a dimer in solution. Sequence analysis revealed that HipB is a Cro-like DNA-binding protein. The interaction of HipB with the hip regulatory region was examined by gel retardation, DNase I protection, and methylation protection studies. HipB binds with a Kapp (K apparent) of 40 pM to four operator sites with the conserved sequence TATCCN8GGATA (N represents any nucleotide). Binding to the operators is nearly simultaneous and appears to be cooperative. Analysis of the role of HipA in the regulation of the hip operon is complicated by the toxicity of HipA in the absence of HipB. Strains disrupted in hipB but not in hipA could not be recovered. Moreover, hipA-containing plasmids cannot be replicated in strains defective in or lacking hipB. HipA is found exclusively in a tight complex with HipB. Although disruption of hipA slightly increased expression from the hip-lac fusion, in vitro studies suggest that HipA does not bind to the hip regulatory region directly but indirectly via HipB.
Identification of migratory and spawning habitats of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Lake Edward - Ishasha River watershed, Albertine Rift Valley, East Africa

Catfish (1103) were sampled twice monthly with beach-seines, tagged with external T-bar Anchor tags and released at four estuarine sites, in July – August; September - October 2011; February-March and; April - May 2012. The study aimed to identify catfish migratory and spawning habitats around Lake Edward watershed. The relocations for 115 C. gariepinus recaptured within the lake watershed were determined and spawning condition examined. About 73% of catfish were recaptured from the littoral, 11.3% from marginal wetlands, 8.7% from the pelagic, 3.5% from river mouths and river channel, respectively. Among the ripe females, about 46% were recaptured from the marginal wetlands, 23% from river channel, and about 15.5% from the littoral and river mouths, respectively. The selected habitats were identified as migratory and spawning grounds for C. gariepinus. These should be conserved and protected from human activities and development programs and their connectivity ensured.