Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language use of older Italian-background persons with dementia in mainstream and ethno-specific residential care

Background: Australia has a growing aging migrant population and rates of dementia in residential care are high. The communication of persons with dementia and limited English language proficiency in residential care is an area that has received little attention in the research literature. Method: Thirty-nine Italian-background older persons with severe dementia residing in either mainstream (n = 20) or Italian-specific (n = 19) aged care facilities were observed and language use was recorded. Medication regime and language proficiency information was obtained. Results: Participants in mainstream facilities engaged in less communication with co-residents and were prescribed daytime benzodiazepines at a higher rate than those in Italian-specific facilities. Conclusions: Older persons in mainstream facilities with dementia and lower levels of English proficiency may benefit from additional language-relevant resources. The finding of higher prescription rate of daytime benzodiazepines requires further investigation.
Chinese visions of family and state, 1915-1953

At the dawn of the twentieth century, China's sovereignty was fragile at best. In the face of international pressure and domestic upheaval, young urban radicals - desperate for reforms that would save their nation - clamored for change, championing Western-inspired family reform and promoting free marriage choice and economic and emotional independence. But what came to be known as the New Culture Movement had the unwitting effect of fostering totalitarianism.In this wide-reaching, engrossing book, Susan Glosser examines how the link between family order and national salvation affected state-building and explores its lasting consequences. Glosser effectively argues that the replacement of the authoritarian, patriarchal, extended family structure with an egalitarian, conjugal family was a way for the nation to preserve crucial elements of its traditional culture. Her comprehensive research shows that in the end, family reform paved the way for the Chinese Communist Party to establish a deeply intrusive state that undermined the legitimacy of individual rights.
Wine Tourists’ Destination Region Brand Image Perception and Antecedents: Conceptualization of a Winescape Framework

ABSTRACT This study conceptualizes the winescape framework using a wine region's image as perceived by wine tourists, in the process integrating grounded theory, namely servicescape, destination choice, and place-based marketing theories. Using an a priori approach, it identifies the winescape construct in a framework of eight dimensions within the wine tourism environment in a study with 996 respondents in a well-known Canadian wine region. The most important dimension of the winescape is the region's natural beauty/setting (landscape). Other high impact characteristics are the service staff and friendly local people, overall ambience and the diversity of wine estates. The dynamic of first-time and repeat visitation plays a key role in visitors’ wine tourism behavior and their perception of the winescape. The decision to engage in wine tourism is generally impulsive, even spurious, and the motivations guiding the visitors’ behavior predominantly hedonic in nature.
Learning to Create Jazz Melodies Using a Product of Experts

We describe a neural network architecture designed to learn the musical structure of jazz melodies over chord progressions, then to create new melodies over arbitrary chord progressions from the resulting connectome (representation of neural network structure). Our architecture consists of two sub-networks, the interval expert and the chord expert, each being LSTM (long short-term memory) recurrent networks. These two sub-networks jointly learn to predict a probability distribution over future notes conditioned on past notes in the melody. We describe a training procedure for the network and an implementation as part of the open-source Impro-Visor (Improvisation Advisor) application, and demonstrate our method by providing impro-vised melodies based on a variety of training sets.
Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease

To investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype‐related differences in the progression of liver disease, 585 patients with chronic HBV infection including 258 with histologically verified chronic liver disease (CLD) and 74 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined. The mean ages of both patients with advanced fibrosis (F3 or F4) and with HCC were significantly older in genotype B than in genotype C patients (P = .018, P = .024, respectively). Both the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity rate at biopsy and the cumulative HBe seroconversion rate in patients with CLD were significantly higher in genotype B patients than genotype C patients (P < .01, P = .022, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that genotype B, presence of precore mutation, high ALT levels, and severe histologic activity were independent factors for HBe seroconversion. Among all the biopsy‐proven CLD patients, the ratio of patients with advanced fibrosis in genotype B was significantly lower than that in genotype C (4/30 vs. 74/224, respectively; P = .034). This difference was more remarkable in younger patients (≤45 years; 1/25 vs. 47/180, respectively; P = .020), and there was no difference in older patients (>45 years). The distribution of each genotype between CLD and HCC was very similar (B and C: 11.2% and 87.0% vs. 10.8% and 89.2%, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that, although the patients with genotype B experience earlier HBe seroconversion, slower progression of liver fibrosis, and slower development of HCC, the life‐long risk of progression to advanced fibrosis and development of HCC may not differ among genotypes B‐ and C‐related chronic liver disease.
Ambiguity and expectation-neglect in dilemmas of interpersonal trust

Recent research suggests that people discount or neglect expectations of reciprocity in trust dilemmas. We examine the underlying processes and boundary conditions of this effect, finding that expectations have stronger effects on trust when they are made accessible and when they are provided as objective probabilities (Study 1). Objective expectations have stronger effects when they are based on precise, rather than ambiguous, probabilities (Study 2). We also find that trust decisions differ from individual risk-taking decisions: people are more willing to trust, and expectations have stronger effects on trusting behavior (Study 2). These results show that the availability and ambiguity of expectations shape trust decisions, and that people differentially weight expectations in dilemmas of trust and individual risk-taking.
Management orientation and export performance: the case of Norwegian ICT companies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contrast three management orientations relevant for exporters: export, technology and customer orientations. The general hypothesis is that all orientations covariate positively with export performance. However, an alternative hypothesis regarding customer relations is propounded (negative impact on performance). Design/methodology/approach – Regression‐based techniques are used.Findings – The results support the hypotheses that export performance increases with export commitment. Technology orientation correlates positively with export performance. On the other hand, the much venerated customer orientation shows negative correlation with export performance.Originality/value – This paper argues that customer orientation may turn into what might be called customer obsession, without due attention to cost consequences and strategic orientation. Also, too much customer orientation may lead the firm away from its ability to innovate, leaving the company behind its comp.
Heterogeneity of Ovarian Theca and Interstitial Gland Cells in Mice

It has been established that two developmentally and functionally distinct cell types emerge within the mammalian testis and adrenal gland throughout life. Fetal and adult types of steroidogenic cells (i.e., testicular Leydig cells and adrenocortical cells) develop in the prenatal and postnatal period, respectively. Although the ovary synthesizes steroids postnatally, the presence of fetal-type steroidogenic cells has not been described. We had previously established transgenic mouse lines in which fetal Leydig cells were labeled with an EGFP reporter gene by the FLE (fetal Leydig enhancer) of the Ad4BP/SF-1 (Nr5a1) gene. In the present study, we examined the reporter gene expression in females and found that the reporter gene is turned on in postnatal ovaries. A comparison of the expressions of the EGFP and marker genes revealed that EGFP is expressed in not all but rather a proportion of steroidogenic theca and in interstitial gland cells in the ovary. This finding was further supported by experiments using BAC transgenic mice in which reporter gene expression recapitulated endogenous Ad4BP/SF-1 gene expression. In conclusion, our observations from this study strongly suggest that ovarian theca and interstitial gland cells in mice consist of at least two cell types.
High commitment management and unionization in the UK

High commitment management, as popularized by Walton and Lawler, and trade unionism are often thought of as antithetical. The research reported here uses an index of high commitment developed by the author to assess whether indeed this is the case, or whether they do in fact co-exist, as is increasingly being acknowledged in the UK as possible. Using data from a sample of 135 manufacturing plants in the UK, the paper shows that, whilst the use of high commitment management did increase in the late 1980s, it was not more likely to be practised in the non-unionized ones. Furthermore, unionism did not seem incompatible with relatively high levels of high commitment management. Nonetheless, the rate of change of HCM between 1986 and 1990 was lower in plants with recognized trade unions, which suggests that unions have a dragging effect on HCM, but will not affect its ultimate extent. The research also demonstrates that the co-existence of unionism and high commitment management cannot be put down to managemen.
Impact of the timing of receipt of an inherited explanation on auditors’ analytical procedures judgements

The present study extends prior research relating to auditors' analytical procedures (AP) processes in two ways. First, it examines whether the timing of receipt of an inherited explanation (before or after self-generating explanations) affects auditors' hypothesis generation. Second, responding to calls to address how the auditors' performance of the earlier stages of the AP process affects their performance in later stages of that process (Koonce, 1993; Cohen, Krishnamoorthy and Wright, 2000) the present study concurrently addresses the hypothesis generation, information search, hypothesis evaluation and final judgement stages of the AP process. Consistent with a facilitation effect, more non-error explanations were generated by auditors initially inheriting a non-error explanation. Further, consistent with a recency effect, the initial likelihood assessed for the inherited explanation was higher when it was received after self-generation of alternatives. Despite these initial differences, the timing of the inherited explanation did not significantly affect the auditors' information search, evaluation processes or outcome performance (in terms of cause selection). Results relating to the receipt of an inherited explanation were similar, except that significantly fewer subjects not inheriting an explanation selected a cause the same as the inherited explanation. These results suggest that although inheriting an explanation from management does affect the outcome of the AP process, it does not lead to fewer correct outcomes, and highlight the importance of examining the AP process in its entirety rather than in a piecemeal manner. Copyright (c) 2004 Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand.
Fiscal Policy, Business Cycles and Economic Stabilisation: Evidence from Industrialised and Developing Countries*

This paper empirically investigates the responsiveness of fiscal policy to business cycles and the effectiveness of fiscal policy in reducing economic fluctuations. From regressions on the responsiveness of fiscal policy to business cycles, we find that the government's current expenditures and subsidies & transfers move counter-cyclically, whereas taxes and capital expenditures move pro-cyclically. Using economic fluctuations in neighbouring countries as an instrumental variable, we show that ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates understate the responsiveness of fiscal policy to economic fluctuations. We also find that fiscal policy responds asymmetrically over economic fluctuations. In investigating the effectiveness of fiscal policy in reducing economic fluctuations, we mitigate omitted variable bias by adding four important factors - military expenditures, oil production, economic fluctuations in neighbouring countries and fiscal policy responsiveness to business cycles. The results of effectiveness regressions are consistent with the responsiveness regressions, highlighting the importance of current expenditures, especially subsidies and transfers, in responding to business cycles and stabilising the economy. Copyright 2007 Institute for Fiscal Studies.
Understanding the Dynamics between Social Entrepreneurship and Inclusive Growth in Subsistence Marketplaces

This article explores how social entrepreneurs utilize their unique circumstances and resources at a micro level to facilitate the creation of shared value at the meso level, leading to inclusive growth at a macro level in the context of subsistence marketplaces. Drawing from explanatory case studies of two social enterprises—Waste Concern (Bangladesh) and Seven Women (Nepal)—the findings suggest that social entrepreneurs act as bricoleurs to integrate their operant and operand resources in subsistence marketplaces to facilitate inclusive growth. The authors further connect with and extend three discourses of research—social entrepreneurship, social bricolage, and service-dominant logic—to develop a framework providing insights into the “bottom-up” approach, the underlying dynamics of shared value creation, and inclusive growth in subsistence marketplaces by social entrepreneurs. The findings also strengthen Dees's (2001) definition of social entrepreneurship, confirming its applicability and relevance in subsistence marketplaces and further extending the theory of social bricolage. The authors discuss the implications of these findings, including tactical interventions aimed at providing better understanding of how social entrepreneurs create value in resource-constrained marketplaces, from a bottom-up perspective.
Has China Crowded Out Foreign Direct Investment from its Developing East Asian Neighbors?

This paper applies a gravity model to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in East Asia. Economic fundamentals, such as market size, per capita income and country risk indicators, economic and cultural ties, exchange rate volatilities and information asymmetry are found to be important determinants for FDI. Globally, the inward FDI among high-income OECD economies declined significantly on average over the period of 1990-2003, whereas the inward FDI of the high-income OECD economies in emerging market economies gained substantially. In the East Asian region, the ASEAN-4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand) received above-average inward FDI from the high-income OECD economies after controlling for their economic fundamentals. By contrast, China's FDI from the high-income OECD economies is below average relative to its economic fundamentals. Therefore, it is difficult to establish that China has crowded out FDI from its developing ASEAN neighbors.
Does Hedging Tell the Full Story? Reconciling Differences in US Aggregate and Industry-Level Exchange Rate Risk Premia

While the importance of currency movements to industry competitiveness is theoretically well established, there is little evidence that currency risk impacts US industries. Applying a conditional asset-pricing model to 36 US industries, we find that all industries have a significant currency premium that adds about 2.47 percentage points to the cost of equity and accounts for approximately 11.7% of the absolute value of total risk premia. Cross-industry variation in the currency premium is explained by foreign income, industry competitiveness, leverage, liquidity and other industry characteristics, while its time variation is explained by US aggregate foreign trade, monetary policy, growth opportunities and other macro variables. The results indicate that methodological weakness, not hedging, explains the insignificant industry currency risk premium found in previous work, thus resolving the conundrum that the currency risk premium is important at the aggregate stock market level, but not at industry level.
Fine pitch 3D interconnections with hybrid bonding technology: From process robustness to reliability

This paper presents the description of direct hybrid bonding technology for the fabrication of vertical interconnects thanks to wafer-to-wafer bonding. Process robustness is analyzed through morphological and electrical results. The electrical characterizations are discussed versus hybrid bonding pad dimensions and pitches. Electromigration study is carried out on different test vehicles with hybrid bonding interconnect dimensions below 5 μm. Experimental tests provide the parameters for lifetime extrapolation and show that the hybrid bonding module is immune to electromigration failures. Finally perspectives and key challenges for 3D interconnects scalability are given.
Efficacy of a topical formulation of eprinomectin against endoparasites of cattle in New Zealand.

Two controlled studies involving 24 cattle were conducted in New Zealand to determine the efficacy of a topical, non-flammable formulation of eprinomectin against induced and naturally acquired nematode infections. In Trial 1, nematode infections were induced on Day -5 with third-stage larvae of Cooperia spp. , Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongvlus colubriformis so that the nematodes would be at the fourth larval stage when the cattle were treated. In Trial 2, cattle had naturally acquired nematode infections as determined by faecal nematode egg counts and larval cultures. The cattle were allocated on Day 0 (Trial 1) or Day 6 (Trial 2) on a stratified random basis according to bodyweight to one of two treatments: untreated control or eprinomectin (0.5% w/v) applied topically at 1 ml/10 kg bodyweight. Necropsies were undertaken on Days 14 and 15 and total nematode counts were done. In Trial 1, cattle treated with eprinomectin had significantly (p < 0.05) fewer Cooperia spp. and O. ostertagi than the controls. Larvae of H. contortus and T. colubriformis did not establish. In Trial 2, cattle treated with eprinomectin had significantly (p < 0.05) fewer of the following parasites than the controls: Haemonchus spp. (adult), Cooperia surnabada (adult), C. oncophora (adult), Cooperia spp. (L,), Ostertagia lyrata (adult), O. ostertagi (adult), Oesophagostomum spp. (adult), T. avei (adult and L1) and Trichuris spp. (adult). Reductions of 100% were observed for Capilfaria spp. (adult), D. viviparus (adult and L,), and Nematodirus helvetianus (adult), but these were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) because four or fewer control animals were infected with these parasites. In Trial 2, efficacies of greater than 99% were observed against all species for which moderate to high burdens occurred in the untreated controls. These findings indicate that eprinomectin in a topical formulation is a highly effective nematocide in cattle.
THE DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A PEDAGOGICAL TREATMENT FOR THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CRITICAL THINKING

A quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking was undertaken in a college of business. The quantitative results demonstrated significant improvements in 6 of 7 measures of critical thinking using a validated assessment instrument. This treatment was taught in the college of business for four years. A qualitative/quantitative survey was taken of the graduates of the college who had taken this treatment. Quantitative results were validated by the qualitative responses of the graduates. Graduates were confirmed to use the critical thinking knowledge, skills and strategies they had learned in their personal, academic, and professional lives. Graduates were also shown to be highly satisfied with the effects of the treatment in their personal, academic, and professional lives.
Newsweek’s measure of corporate environmental reputation and the ‘financial halo effect’

Abstract We present in this study the results of our investigation into whether the Newsweek magazine measure of corporate environmental reputation (reported as part of Newsweek’s ranking of the 500 greenest corporations in the United States) suffers from a ‘financial halo effect’. Prior studies (e.g., Brown and Perry, 1994) document that other measures of corporate reputation (Fortune Most Admired scores and their sub‐components) are positively biased by recent financial performance, and as such, we seek to determine whether the same problem exists with this newly available measure. Using the Brown and Perry (1994) model and a sample of 474 of the 500 corporations included in the Newsweek listing, we find that the reputation measure appears to be influenced by at least some aspects of financial performance with firm size having by far the greatest impact. We also find, however, that the impact of firm size and profitability are less pronounced for companies operating in environmentally sensitive industries. The primary implication of our analysis centres on the use of the Newsweek scores in studies attempting to understand differences in corporate environmental reputation. Our findings underscore the need, particularly for studies including companies from non‐environmentally sensitive industries, to control for the confounding impacts of corporate financial performance.
Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability

Abstract The authors review the current research in social entrepreneurship and sustainability, and propose a process model to link these two constructs. Social entrepreneurship, as a business philosophy, moves beyond social, economic, and environmental efficiency and shifts toward effectiveness, thereby contributing to business sustainability. External and internal factors that influence social entrepreneurship are also examined.
Supporting entrepreneurship in deprived communities: a vision too far?

Purpose – Government intervention has increasingly identified deprived communities as a key focus for enterprise support. The purpose of this paper is to examine attitudes and perceptions to enterprise support in a deprived community in the UK city of Leeds.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 142 entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs, and 18 follow‐up in‐depth interviews with entrepreneurs, were conducted with people living in the study area. The survey examined the entrepreneurial activity of members of the community, and usage of enterprise support.Findings – The paper finds that certain forms of enterprise support in deprived communities may actually discourage entrepreneurship. Also, where entrepreneurial ventures are supported they tend to operate in activities relating to generic trades with low entry barriers, with many enterprises having little actual or perceived requirement for external support, with it being likely that these would have been established with or without support.Researc.