Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy balanced clustering method with use of learning automata

Increasing miniaturization and sensor communication abilities make them invisible and expand the availability everywhere in any time. Sensor network applications, increase the challenging issues related to design network protocols have emerged. One of them is increasing energy efficiency and lifetime in the network. Sensor nodes with limited energy reserves are deployed, so the network must operate with minimal energy overhead. This article focuses on improving the network lifetime by using energy efficient arrangement of nodes in a state primary goal to reduce energy waste with using energy balance. Therefore, learning automata capabilities — to solve issues in sensor networks is appropriate is used. For the purpose mentioned above, energy balanced clustering technique based on learning automata is proposed that learning automata residing in the cluster head, for balance the best node is selected according to the amount of energy remaining as the new cluster head. Proposed technique with the NS2 simulator to simulate the behavior is evaluated. Results show that the calculated energy balance improves the life time of sensor network substantially.
W-band InGaAs/InP PIN diode monolithic integrated switches

The design, fabrication, and experimental characteristics of InGaAs PIN diodes are presented for InP-based W-band monolithic integrated switches. The diodes with 10 /spl mu/m-diameter were used and showed a breakdown voltage of 17 V, a turn-on voltage of 0.36 V, and a switching cutoff frequency of 6.3 THz. The monolithic integrated switches employed microstrip transmission lines and backside via holes for low-inductance signal grounding. A radial stub-based design was used for on-chip biasing, and the high-frequency characteristics of the switches were verified by on-wafer W-band testing. The SPST PIN monolithic switch demonstrated 25 dB isolation, 1.3 dB insertion loss, and 0.8 dB reflection loss at 83 GHz.
Gentle Touch Opens the Gate to the Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Objective Touch is a primary reinforcer strongly associated with motivational and affective processes that drive social behavior, and it also plays a critical role in massage therapy. Touch in massage is characterized by gentle touches of the skin involving light pressure effleurage and calm stroking movements intended to increase recipients’ pleasure and relaxation. The relationships between basic physical parameters, such as patterns of the hand movements, and their neural bases are important for understanding the effects of gentle touch. However, such studies have not yet been performed. Here, we investigated these relationships and underlying neural mechanisms under two basic movement conditions. Methods Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain activity induced by Circular (C) and Back-and-forth (BF) massage of participants’ left hands with the experimenter’s right hand, ensuring that movements were not unpleasant. We assessed subjective feelings, and analyzed fMRI data with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analyses to identify associated brain networks. Results In C compared with BF, participants felt more positive emotions. There was greater activation of the right primary Somatosensory Cortex (SI) and left cerebellum (CB), but lower activation of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) in C compared with BF. There was no significant difference in unpleasant feelings between the conditions. Moreover, co-activation of the left mid-lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC), CB, and Rostral Ventromedial Medulla (RVM), and the right SI and posterior insula showed high loadings on Factor 1, which was negatively correlated with unnatural feelings. Meanwhile, co-activation of the ACC and PAG showed high loadings on Factor 2, which was positively correlated with unpleasant feelings. Conclusion Our findings suggest somatosensory afferents to the SI are regulated by the descending pain modulatory system under the control of the mid-lateral OFC and ACC, even with mild somatosensory stimulation.
HAMBATAN DAN FAKTOR PENYEBABNYA PRAKERIN DITINJAU DARI PERSIAPAN, PELAKSANAAN, DAN EVALUASI KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN DI SMK

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memerikan hambatan dan faktor penyebab prak­­tik kerja industri siswa SMK Kompetensi keahlian Teknik Pemesinan pada ta­hap: per­siapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuan­­titatif. Menggunakan ketentuan proporsional random sampling jumlah sampel ada­­­lah: sebanyak 82 siswa, 10 guru, 6 instruktur industri. Teknik pengumpulan data di­­lakukan dengan observasi, kuesioner, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian: (1) ham­bat­an pada tahap persiapan: (a) siswa kesulitan mencari tempat prakerin yang sesuai de­ngan bakat, minat, dan keahlian; (b) kesulitan mencari tempat tinggal sementara/kos; (2) hambatan pada tahap pelaksaan: (a) tidak relevannya keahlian dengan pekerjaan dan tugas yang dikerjakan siswa di tempat prakerin; (b) kedisiplinan siswa yang ren­dah; (c) penerapan K3 yang tidak sesuai SOP; (3) hambatan pada tahap evaluasi ke­­sulitan pada perencanaan karir siswa.
Manuscript Information Grant/project/contract/support Information Manuscript Files Title: Inter-subject Variability in Hypercapnic Normalization of the Bold Fmri Response Inter-subject Variability in Hypercapnic Normalization of the Bold Fmri Response

This PDF receipt will only be used as the basis for generating PubMed Central (PMC) documents. PMC documents will be made available for review after conversion (approx. 2-3 weeks time). Any corrections that need to be made will be done at that time. No materials will be released to PMC without the approval of an author. Only the PMC documents will appear on PubMed Central -this PDF Receipt will not appear on PubMed Central. Journal name: NeuroImage NIHMSID: NIHMS83217 Manuscript Title: Inter-subject Variability in Hypercapnic Normalization of the BOLD fMRI Response Principal Investigator: Submitter: Author support, Elsevier (nihauthorrequest@elsevier.com)
On Representing and Generating Kernels by Fuzzy Equivalence Relations

Kernels are two-placed functions that can be interpreted as inner products in some Hilbert space. It is this property which makes kernels predestinated to carry linear models of learning, optimization or classification strategies over to non-linear variants. Following this idea, various kernel-based methods like support vector machines or kernel principal component analysis have been conceived which prove to be successful for machine learning, data mining and computer vision applications. When applying a kernel-based method a central question is the choice and the design of the kernel function. This paper provides a novel view on kernels based on fuzzy-logical concepts which allows to incorporate prior knowledge in the design process. It is demonstrated that kernels mapping to the unit interval with constant one in its diagonal can be represented by a commonly used fuzzy-logical formula for representing fuzzy rule bases. This means that a great class of kernels can be represented by fuzzy-logical concepts. Apart from this result, which only guarantees the existence of such a representation, constructive examples are presented and the relation to unlabeled learning is pointed out.
The Spectrum for 3-Way k-Homogeneous Latin Trades

A $\mu$-way $k$-homogeneous Latin trade was defined by Bagheri Gh, Donovan, Mahmoodian (2012), where the existence of $3$-way $k$-homogeneous Latin trades was specifically investigated. We investigate the existence of a certain class of $\mu$-way $k$-homogeneous Latin trades with an idempotent like property. We present a number of constructions for $\mu$-way $k$-homogeneous Latin trades with this property, and show that these can be used to fill in the spectrum of $3$-way $k$-homogeneous Latin trades for all but $196$ possible exceptions.
Lithium Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation Via Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 and NFAT2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 2)

Certain environmental factors including drugs exacerbate or precipitate psoriasis. Lithium is the commonest cause of drug‐induced psoriasis but underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. Lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3). As lithium does not exacerbate other T‐cell‐mediated chronic inflammatory diseases, we investigated whether lithium may be acting directly on epidermal keratinocytes by inhibiting GSK‐3. We report that lithium‐induced keratinocyte proliferation at therapeutically relevant doses (1–2 mM) and increased the proportion of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Inhibition of GSK‐3 in keratinocytes by retroviral transduction of GSK‐binding protein (an endogenous inhibitory protein) or through a highly selective pharmacological inhibitor also resulted in increased keratinocyte proliferation. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is an important substrate for GSK‐3 and for cyclosporin, an effective treatment for psoriasis that inhibits NFAT activation in keratinocytes as well as in lymphocytes. Both lithium and genetic/pharmacological inhibition of GSK‐3 resulted in increased nuclear localization of NFAT2 (NFATc1) and increased NFAT transcriptional activation. Finally, retroviral transduction of NFAT2 increased keratinocyte proliferation whereas siRNA‐mediated knockdown of NFAT2 reduced keratinocyte proliferation and decreased epidermal thickness in an organotypic skin equivalent model. Taken together, these data identify GSK‐3 and NFAT2 as key regulators of keratinocyte proliferation and as potential molecular targets relevant to lithium‐provoked psoriasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1529–1537, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Enhanced Production of Endogenous Heme Oxygenase-1 by Pitavastatin on Survival and Functional Activities of Bone Marrow–derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract: Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a therapeutic potential for the repair of tissue injuries, their poor viability in damaged tissue limits their effectiveness. Statins can induce an increased production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which may prevent this detrimental effect in MSCs. We investigated the protective effect of statin-induced overexpression of HO-1 by examining changes in gene expression and function in MSCs after pitavastatin treatment. The relative expression of the HO-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes in MSCs was significantly increased after treatment with pitavastatin (PitaMSCs). Immunocytological analysis showed that PitaMSCs also stained with phospho-Akt. After exposure to oxidative stress, PitaMSCs showed increased resistance to induced cell death compared with control MSCs. Under serum starvation conditions, MSCs treated with 1 &mgr;M pitavastatin showed enhanced cell proliferation and a marked increase in vascular endothelial growth factor production compared with control MSCs. Interestingly, PitaMSCs showed enhanced tube formation under both normoxia and hypoxia. These results demonstrate that pitavastatin can enhance endogenous HO-1 expression in MSCs, which may protect the cells into the environment of oxidative stress with partial activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and Akt phosphorylation.
Strategic Interaction Among Different Entities in Internet of Things

The economic model of the Internet of Things (IoT) consists of end users, advertisers and three different kinds of providers--IoT service provider (IoTSP), Wireless service provider (WSP) and cloud service provider (CSP). We investigate three different kinds of interactions among the providers. First, we consider that the IoTSP prices a bundled service to the end-users, and the WSP and CSP pay the IoTSP (push model). Next, we consider the model where the end-users independently pay the each provider (pull model). Finally, we consider a hybrid model of the above two where the IoTSP and WSP quote their prices to the end-users, but the CSP quotes its price to the IoTSP. We characterize and quantify the impact of the advertisement revenue on the equilibrium pricing strategy and payoff of providers, and corresponding demands of end users in each of the above interaction models. Our analysis reveals that the demand of end-users, and the payoffs of the providers are non decreasing functions of the advertisement revenue. For sufficiently high advertisement revenue, the IoTSP will offer its service free of cost in each interaction model. However, the payoffs of the providers, and the demand of end-users vary across different interaction models. Our analysis shows that the demand of end-users, and the payoff of the WSP are the highest in the pull (push, resp.) model in the low (high, resp.) advertisement revenue regime. The payoff of the IoTSP is always higher in the pull model irrespective of the advertisement revenue. The payoff of the CSP is the highest in the hybrid model in the low advertisement revenue regime. However, in the high advertisement revenue regime the payoff of the CSP in the hybrid model or in the push model can be higher depending on the equilibrium chosen in the push model.
Factors affecting social participation of elderly people: a study in Lahore.

Social participation is deemed to have strong bearing on the health and life quality of older people. The objective of the present study was to identify major factors associated with social participation of older people. The data for the present paper draws from the survey carried out in 2006 on management of chronic conditions and healthy ageing. The findings of the present study indicated that the older individuals' social participation was significantly associated with their socioeconomic positions, presence of severely limiting chronic conditions, widowhood status and gender. Chronological age is largely attributed to the reduced participation in social life. However, we found that socioeconomic status and gender of the respondents were significant factors in determining the social participation of the older people.
Right and Left Hemisphere Cooperation for Drawing Predictive and Coherence Inferences during Normal Story Comprehension

In three experiments, healthy young participants listened to stories promoting inferences and named inference-related test words presented to the right visual field-Left Hemisphere (rvf-LH) or to the left visual field-Right Hemisphere (lvf-RH). Participants showed priming for predictive inferences only for target words presented to the lvf-RH; in contrast, they showed priming for coherence inferences only for target words presented to the rvf-LH. These results, plus the fact that patients with RH brain damage have difficulty drawing coherence inferences and do not show inference-related priming, suggest that information capable of supporting predictive inferences is more likely to be initially activated in the RH than the LH, but following coherence breaks these concepts (now coherence inferences) are completed in the LH. These results are consistent with the theory that the RH engages in relatively coarse semantic coding, which aids full comprehension of discourse.
An Examination of Subtypes of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Utilizing Latent Profile and Taxometric Analyses

ii LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . x CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . 1 Purposes of the present study . 4 Cluster analytic investigations of PTSD subtypes . 5 External variables as indicators. 5 Symptom clusters as indicators. 12 Dalenberg’s requirements for a subytpe . 16 Significance of the Present Study . 21 CHAPTER II – METHOD. 23 Participants . 23 Statistical Analyses . 23 Latent Profile Analysis . 23 Computation of symptom cluster scores. 23 Determining number of classes . 25 Taxometric analysis . 26 MAMBAC. 29 v MAXCOV. 30 MAXEIG. 30 L-Mode factor analysis . 30 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 32 Latent Profile Analysis . 32 Substantive interpretation of the five-class model. 37 Taxometric Analyses . 39 Avoidance class and Intrusion class. 40 Avoidance Class and Avoidant/Intrusive Class . 44 Avoidance Class and Low Severity Class . 47 Avoidance Class and Complex Class . 51 Intrusion vs. Avoidant/Intrusive Classes . 55 Intrusion and Low Severity Classes . 59 Intrusion and Complex Classes . 63 Avoidant/Intrusive and Low Severity Classes . 67 Avoidant/Intrusive and Complex Classes . 71 Low Severity and Complex Classes . 75 Complex Class vs. All Classes . 79 External Validity Analyses for the 5-Class Model: . 86 Major depressive episode. 87 vi Complex vs. All Classes. 87 Generalized Anxiety Disorder . 88 Complex vs. All Classes. 89 Borderline Personality Disorder: . 89 Complex vs. All Classes. 89 Suicidal Ideation . 89 Complex vs. All Classes. 90 Suicide Attempts . 90 Complex vs. All Classes. 91 Alcohol Use Disorder . 91 Complex vs. All Classes. 91 Cannabis Use Disorder. 91 Sedative Use Disorder. 92 Complex vs. All Classes. 92 Opioid Use Disorder . 92 Complex vs. All Classes. 93 Non-Suicidal Self-Injury . 93 Complex vs. All Classes. 93 Inpatient Hospitalization: . 94 Complex vs. All Classes. 94 vii Use of Alcohol to Cope with PTSD Symptoms: . 94 Complex vs. All Classes. 95 Use of Drugs to Cope with PTSD Symptoms:. 95 Complex vs. All Classes. 95 Type of Trauma. 95 Active Military Combat: . 95 Complex vs. All Classes. 96 Peacekeeper/Relief Worker in a Warzone: . 96 Complex vs. All Classes. 97 Unarmed Citizen in a Warzone: . 97 Complex vs. All Classes. 97 Refugee: . 97 Complex vs. All Classes. 98 Serious or Life-Threatening Accident: . 98 Complex vs. All Classes . 98 Serious or Life-Threatening Illness . 99 Complex vs. All Classes. 99 Fire or Natural Disaster . 99 Complex vs. All Classes. 100 Sexual Assault, Molestation, and Rape. 100 viii Complex vs. All Classes. 100 Physical Abuse as a Child . 101 Complex vs. All Classes . 101 Domestic Abuse . 101 Complex vs. All Classes. 102 Physical Assault from a Stranger: . 102 Complex vs. All Classes . 103 Ki
Structural Diversity of Copper(II) Complexes with 9-Deazahypoxanthine and Their in Vitro SOD-Like Activity

Two structurally different copper(II) complexes of the compositions [{Cu(9dhx)(H2O)3}2(µ-SO4)2] (1) and [Cu(9dhx)2(H2O)2(NO3)2]·H2O (2), involving 9-deazahypoxanthine (9dhx; 6-oxo-9-deazapurine; 9-deazahypoxanthine), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectroscopy, electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal (DTA) analyses, and cyclic voltammetry. The X-ray structures of complexes 1 and [Cu(9dhx)2(H2O)2(NO3)2] (2a) revealed the distorted octahedral geometry in the vicinity of the copper(II) atoms, with the NO5 and N2O4 donor set, respectively. In the dimeric compound 1, the {Cu(9dhx)(H2O)3}2 units are bridged by sulfate groups with the Cu···Cu separation being 5.3446(2) Å. In both structures the 9dhx ligands are coordinated through the N3 atoms of the pyrimidine moieties. The SOD-like activity of complexes 1 and 2 was evaluated in vitro showing moderate effect, with the IC50 values equal to 18.20, and 53.33 μM, respectively.
Novel hexagonal pizza shaped CPW microstrip patch antenna for applications in X band

A hexagonal pizza shaped microstrip patch antenna for breast cancer tumour detection is proposed in the paper. The antenna is designed to radiate frequencies in a narrowband centred at 9.3 GHz with a return loss of -23.94 dB with a bandwidth of 0.17 GHz (9.21 GHz-9.38 GHz). The antenna has the ground and the patch on the same plane making it a coplanar wave guide antenna. The basic theory and design has been analyzed, and simulation using HFSS commercial software has been employed to optimize the antenna. The antenna has been analysed for various dimensions of slots and the optimum design has been chosen based on slot dimension calculations.
An approach to long-term sedative-hypnotic use

Insomnia is a common, often chronic medical disorder with significant medical and socioeconomic repercussions. However, unlike other medical conditions, there is intense debate as to whether the long-term treatment of insomnia is clinically appropriate. The perceived deleterious side effect of sedative-hypnotic medications may result in patients remaining untreated or undertreated. This review proposes that a more subtle approach needs to be taken in the management of patients with chronic insomnia and that long-term use of the newer sedative-hypnotics may be a feasible and effective treatment option when used in conjunction with thorough medical assessment and regular patient follow-up. This review discusses these issues and discusses the pros and cons of long-term sedative-hypnotic use.
Pentecostal Apocalypticism: hate speech, contested citizenship, and religious discourses on same-sex relations in Nigeria

ABSTRACT A key issue confronting African Christianity in the 21st century is the way to negotiate the discourses and practices surrounding same-sex relationships against the context of increased advocacy for the rights to sexual expression. Same-sex relationships have found their most scathing criticisms and opposition from within African Protestant communities, particularly Anglican and Pentecostal organisations, where prominent religious leaders have voiced strong opinions in support of legal prohibitions and heavy imprisonment terms for those convicted of homosexual practices. Gay rights activists have repeatedly accused proponents and supporters of legal prohibition of homosexuality of hate speech and homophobic intentions. Drawing examples from the plural, multi-religious Nigerian society, this essay analyses the palpable tension in the debates around claimed rights to free sexual expression and rights to manifest and propagate belief and how these intimately intersect with contested citizenship rights.
The impact of cooperative learning on self-directed learning abilities in the computer applications technology class

ABSTRACT This article reports on an explorative study into the relationship between the implementation of cooperative learning strategies and students’ self-directedness in learning. Participants in this study were first-year Computer Applications Technology student teachers. Students completed a self-directed learning questionnaire at the beginning of the module and again after completion of the module. We used cooperative learning strategies during contact sessions over 12 weeks. After completion of the module, interviews were also conducted with randomly selected students. We concluded that the cooperative learning experiences in the Computer Applications Technology class appear to have an effect on students’ perceived readiness for self-directed learning only in cases where students do not have perceived high self-directed learning skills.
Boyfriends, Babies, and a Few Good Headshots: Examining Girl Gamers' Identity Enactment on Twitter Using the Communication Theory of Identity

Girl gamers, while a substantial part of the gaming population, are often largely ignored in both the gaming industry and academic literature. In particular, there have been few investigations to date on what comprises the identity of a girl gamer, particularly outside the context of gameplay. To that end, the current study aims to investigate how girl gamers enact their identities as girl gamers on Twitter, a social network site. Eight Twitter accounts whose users self-identified as either Gamer Girls or Girl Gamers on a Twitter user directory where identified and the profiles and tweets of each collected for a two week period. This data was then analyzed according to Hecht’s communication theory of identity in order to determine how girl gamers enact their identity in an online context. INDEX WORDS: Girl gamers, Gamer girls, Communication Theory of Identity, Twitter, Social network sites, Online identity BOYFRIENDS, BABIES, AND A FEW GOOD HEADSHOTS: EXAMINING GIRL GAMERS’ IDENTITY ENACTMENT ON TWITTER USING THE COMMUNICATION THEORY OF IDENTITY