Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test case prioritization: a systematic review and mapping of the literature

Test case prioritization (TCP) techniques aim to reorder test cases execution according to a goal. One common goal is fault detection, in which test cases that have a higher chance of detecting a fault are executed first than the remaining test cases. The goal of this study is to investigate TCP empirical studies in order to synthesize reported effectiveness results and provide a basis for future research. We conducted a systematic literature mapping to characterize TCP empirical studies and a systematic literature review to analyze reported TCP techniques effectiveness results. Among selected studies from 1999 to 2016, we found that there is a high amount of empirical studies evaluating many TCP techniques. However, when we applied our quality assessment criteria, most of them were discarded, indicating that they might have methodological problems. Analyzed studies reported results of coverage-based TCP techniques. Furthermore, we found that some context factors regarding faults, test cases of the application being tested and coverage granularity considered by TCP techniques may significantly affect the effectiveness of their execution. These results suggest that more rigorous empirical methodology is needed when evaluating TCP techniques and also, authors need to compare effectiveness results of their proposed TCP techniques with well established techniques to generate more evidences Furthermore, our analysis of significant factors on TCP techniques effectiveness can guide researchers when planning empirical evaluations and help them choosing features to compose new techniques.
Hepatocyte growth factor reduces sensitivity to the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, in lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring wild-type EGFR

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy is an option for lung cancers harboring wild-type EGFR when chemotherapeutic reagents have failed. In this study, we found that the EGFR-TKI, gefitinib, modestly suppressed proliferation of the lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H358, which both harbor wild-type EGFR. Treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) reduced the sensitivity to gefitinib, whereas sensitivity was restored by treatment with an HGF antibody, a MET inhibitor, or depletion of MET but not ErbB3 gene. Moreover, both PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and MEK inhibitors suppressed proliferation of A549 cells, whereas only PI3K/mTOR inhibitors effectively suppressed cell viability of EGFR mutant PC-9 cells. Our findings suggest that HGF reduced the gefitinib sensitivity through MET and downstream PI3K and MAPK pathways. Combined use of EGFR-TKI and MET inhibitors or inhibition of downstream signaling molecules might be a better second or third line choice for a group of patients with advanced lung cancer harboring wild-type EGFR.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after interferon therapy

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the result of an autoimmune process characterized by pancreatic beta cell destruction. It has been reported that chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not with type 1. Although the prevalence of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus‐positive patients is not significantly different to that reported in the general population, it increases during alpha‐interferon therapy from 3 to 7%, probably due to the immunostimulatory effects of this cytokine. To date, 31 case reports of type 1 diabetes mellitus related to interferon treatment have been published. Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs more frequently in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C than for other conditions and is irreversible in most cases. In 50% of these patients, markers of pancreatic autoimmunity predated treatment, the majority of cases having a genetic predisposition. Thus, in predisposed individuals, alpha‐interferon can either induce or accelerate a diabetogenic process already underway. We suggest that islet cell autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies should be investigated before and during interferon treatment in order to identify subjects at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Mortgage Debt, Insecure Home Ownership and Health: An Exploratory Analysis

This paper is a direct response to Wilkinson’s (1996) call for more research into housing insecurity and health. It explores the consequences of mortgage arrears for both the health of indebted home owners and their use of primary health care services. It is based on the results of a secondary analysis of the British Household Panel Survey. It demonstrates that the experience of mortgage indebtedness has an independent effect on the subjective well being of men and women, and that it increases the likelihood that men will visit their general practitioners. The paper draws upon the sociological notions of ‘ontological security’ and ‘individualisation’ to make sense of these empirical findings. It suggests that policies which have encouraged the growth of home ownership are premised on the idea of individual responsibility, a notion which underpins other spheres of contemporary welfare policies. Within this context, the consequences of mortgage indebtedness are likely to have profound psychosocial consequences for those who have direct experience of it. The spectre of mortgage debt may also contribute to the insecurity which has come to form a feature of our contemporary social and cultural life.
Fast and Accurate Arc Filtering for Dependency Parsing

We propose a series of learned arc filters to speed up graph-based dependency parsing. A cascade of filters identify implausible head-modifier pairs, with time complexity that is first linear, and then quadratic in the length of the sentence. The linear filters reliably predict, in context, words that are roots or leaves of dependency trees, and words that are likely to have heads on their left or right. We use this information to quickly prune arcs from the dependency graph. More than 78% of total arcs are pruned while retaining 99.5% of the true dependencies. These filters improve the speed of two state-of-the-art dependency parsers, with low overhead and negligible loss in accuracy.
Supervisee Perceptions of Supervisory Focus On Strengths and Constructive Focus on Deficits: Development and Validation of a Measure

Title of Dissertation: SUPERVISEE PERCEPTIONS OF SUPERVISORY FOCUS ON STRENGTHS AND CONSTUCTIVE FOCUS ON DEFICITS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURE Melissa Stephanie Roffman, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Directed By: Professor Clara E. Hill, Department of Psychology The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a measure of the constructs of focus on supervisee strengths and constructive focus on deficits from the supervisee perspective, the Supervisory Focus on Strengths and Deficits Inventory-Supervisee Form (SUPSAD-S). Participants (N = 204 for exploratory factor analysis, N = 201 for all other analyses) were a national sample of masters’ and doctoral level graduate students in various mental health professions (e.g., counseling psychology; clinical psychology, social work). Data was collected through the use of an internet survey containing the SUPSAD-S as well as measures used to assess its convergent and discriminant validity. The overall return rate ranged from 44-46%. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity and explore the underlying factor structure of the SUPSADS. The final two factor solution retaining 24 items accounted for 63% percent of the variance. The first subscale, Focus on Strengths, consisted of 12 items (45.41% of variance) reflecting interventions used by supervisors to identify and enhance supervisees’ strengths. The second subscale, Constructive Focus on Deficits, consisted of 12 items (accounting for 17.68% of the variance) reflecting interventions used by supervisors to address supervisees’ deficits in a non-critical or non-punitive manner intended to help supervisees grow and improve. Higher subscale scores indicate greater supervisory focus on strengths and constructive focus on deficits, respectively, from the perspective of supervisees rating their supervisors. Evidence of good reliability (i.e., high internal consistency and two week test-retest reliability estimates) for each of the subscales was found. In addition, initial support was found for the convergent and discriminant validity of both subscales. Specifically, the convergent validity of the focus on strengths subscale was supported by its correlations with satisfaction with supervision (r = .71), the supervisory working alliance (r = .69), and counseling self-efficacy (r = .27) as expected. The convergent validity of the constructive focus on strengths subscale was supported by its correlations with satisfaction with supervision (r = .57) and the supervisory working alliance (r = .50) as expected. Discriminant validity of both subscales was supported by their lack of correlation with public self-consciousness. Focus on strengths was also found to be a stronger predictor of positive supervision outcomes than constructive focus on deficits. Implications for supervision practice and future research are discussed. SUPERVISEE PERCEPTIONS OF SUPERVISORY FOCUS ON STRENGTHS AND CONSTUCTIVE FOCUS ON DEFICITS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURE
Exploring dialogic teaching with middle and secondary English language arts teachers: A reflexive phenomenology

This dissertation study focused on middle and secondary English language arts teachers’ experiences with dialogic teaching. In contrast to teacher-focused triadic sequences whereby teachers initiate an interaction by asking a question, students respond to that question, and the teacher evaluates the response and/or follows up with a question or comment (Mehan, 1979), dialogic teaching involves the use of student-centered activities to promote collaborative, reciprocal, and engaging classroom interactions (Juzwik, Borsheim-Black, Caughlan, & Heintz, 2013). Dialogic moments in the classroom robustly correlate with students’ literacy learning (Applebee, Langer, Nystrand, & Gamoran, 2003); however, dialogic moments do not figure prominently throughout the larger educational landscape (Lyle, 2008). Further, the ways in which these moments come about is highly contingent on a variety of circumstances for which planning is difficult (Nystrand, Wu, Gamoran, Zeiser, & Long, 2003). This study sought to further explore these complex contingencies and circumstances by examining teachers’ lived experiences with dialogic teaching, using the primary research question, What is it like to teach dialogically in middle and secondary English language arts classes? To address the research question, I facilitated a series of conversations about dialogic teaching with five middle and secondary English language arts teachers: We met in groups during the summer of 2014; and I visited their individual classrooms and interviewed them during the fall of 2014. Using methods derived from the phenomenological concepts of intentionality, manifold profiles, and textures/structures (Husserl, 1931/2002; Sokolowski, 2000; Moustakas, 1994), I established a reflexive phenomenology, which calls forth the study’s purpose in examining lived
Sound effects.

Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading sound effects is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it as disturbing activities or as boring activity. You can gain many benefits and importances of reading.
Transforming write collisions in block RAMs into security applications

Due to their versatile and generic structure, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) allow dynamic reconfiguration of their logical resources just by loading configuration files. However, this flexibility also opens up the threat of theft of intellectual property (IP) since these configuration files can be easily extracted and cloned. In this context, the ability to bind a configuration to a specific device is an important step to prevent product counterfeiting. In this paper, we present a novel strategy to identify and authenticate FPGAs in applications using intrinsic, device-specific information (also known as physically unclonable functions). Our solution is based on the output of intentionally induced write collisions in synchronous dual-port block RAM (BRAM). We show that the output of such write collisions can be used to create unique device signatures. In addition to applications for chip identification and authentication, we also propose a solution to efficiently create secret keys on-chip. As a last contribution, we outline how to transform our idea into a circuit for true random number generation (TRNG).
Complete Genome Sequences of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus with the Matrix Gene from the Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus

ABSTRACT We analyzed the complete genome sequence containing the 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions (NCRs) of H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) with the matrix gene from the pandemic A/H1N1 virus, which will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of variant CIV.
Channel estimation for amplify-and-forward relaying with spatially correlated antennas

This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system in which the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple antennas employed at each node in the system and such information is properly taken into account in the training design. The training design problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved with the iterative bisection procedure. Simulation results demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed training design for the linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) channel vector estimation over the training design for the LMMSE channel matrix estimation.
The Essence of Strategic Leadership: Managing Human and Social Capital

A new type of strategic leadership is required to help firms successfully navigate the dynamic and uncertain environment in which they compete today. The strategic leadership needed in 21st century firms is involved with building company resources and capabilities with an emphasis on intangible human capital and social capital. Human capital is the firm's repository of valuable knowledge and skills; social capital provides access to critical resources. Both are significant contributors to achievement of a competitive advantage. Leaders must effectively manage these important resources for the firm. Management of these resources involves evaluating current resource stocks and making changes such as adding (e.g., developing or acquiring externally) and deleting (e.g., layoffs) human resources and external relationships. To create value, the resources must be configured to develop capabilities that can be leveraged in ways to create competitive advantages. The dimension of strategic leadership we describe here is called effectuation. This new type of approach to leadership has important implications for management scholars and practitioners.
Viewport-adaptive navigable 360-degree video delivery

The delivery and display of 360-degree videos on Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) presents many technical challenges. 360-degree videos are ultra high resolution spherical videos, which contain an omnidirectional view of the scene. However only a portion of this scene is displayed on the HMD. Moreover, HMD need to respond in 10 ms to head movements, which prevents the server to send only the displayed video part based on client feedback. To reduce the bandwidth waste, while still providing an immersive experience, a viewport-adaptive 360-degree video streaming system is proposed. The server prepares multiple video representations, which differ not only by their bit-rate, but also by the qualities of different scene regions. The client chooses a representation for the next segment such that its bit-rate fits the available throughput and a full quality region matches its viewing. We investigate the impact of various spherical-to-plane projections and quality arrangements on the video quality displayed to the user, showing that the cube map layout offers the best quality for the given bit-rate budget. An evaluation with a dataset of users navigating 360-degree videos demonstrates that segments need to be short enough to enable frequent view switches.
Exposure to Carbon Ions Triggers Proinflammatory Signals and Changes in Homeostasis and Epidermal Tissue Organization to a Similar Extent as Photons

The increasing application of charged particles in radiotherapy requires a deeper understanding of early and late side effects occurring in skin, which is exposed in all radiation treatments. We measured cellular and molecular changes related to the early inflammatory response of human skin irradiated with carbon ions, in particular cell death induction and changes in differentiation and proliferation of epidermal cells during the first days after exposure. Model systems for human skin from healthy donors of different complexity, i.e., keratinocytes, coculture of skin cells, 3D skin equivalents, and skin explants, were used to investigate the alterations induced by carbon ions (spread-out Bragg peak, dose-averaged LET 100 keV/μm) in comparison to X-ray and UV-B exposure. After exposure to ionizing radiation, in none of the model systems, apoptosis/necrosis was observed. Carbon ions triggered inflammatory signaling and accelerated differentiation of keratinocytes to a similar extent as X-rays at the same doses. High doses of carbon ions were more effective than X-rays in reducing proliferation and inducing abnormal differentiation. In contrast, changes identified following low-dose exposure (≤0.5 Gy) were induced more effectively after X-ray exposure, i.e., enhanced proliferation and change in the polarity of basal cells.
Novel role of Acinetobacter baumannii RND efflux transporters in mediating decreased susceptibility to biocides.

OBJECTIVES Biocides and dyes are commonly employed in hospital and laboratory settings. We investigated the biocide susceptibilities of a rapidly emerging pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, with a primary focus on resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux systems. METHODS Biocide susceptibilities, efflux and in vitro inactivation profiles were monitored in the presence/absence of efflux pump inhibitors. The RND transporters encoded by adeB and adeJ were detected by PCR; null mutants were constructed in the native host. Expression of adeB and adeJ in clinical isolates was assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Susceptibility testing and phenotypic assays demonstrated the role of active efflux in mediating decreased susceptibility to biocides. Inactivation of either the adeB or adeJ transporter gene led to increased susceptibility to biocides. RT-PCR analysis exhibited increased adeB and adeJ expression in clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the role of efflux pumps in mediating decreased susceptibility to disinfectants and other chemical substrates in A. baumannii.
A case study of trust issues in scientific video collections

In-situ video recording of underwater ecosystems is able to provide valuable information for biology research and natural resources management, e.g. changes in species abundance. Searching the videos manually, however, requires costly human effort. Our video analysis tool supports the key task of counting different species of fish, allowing marine biologists to query the video collection without watching the videos. To be suitable for scientific research on changes in species abundance, the video data must include data provenance information that reflects the potential biases introduced through the video processing.In order to trust the analyses made by the system, we need to provide expert users with sufficient information to allow them to interpret these potential biases. We conducted two user studies to design a user interface that includes data provenance information. Our qualitative analysis discusses the support for understanding the reliability of video analysis, and trusting the results it produces. Our main finding is that disclosing details about the video processing and provenance data allows biologists to compare the results with their traditional statistical methods, thus increasing their trust in the results.
Specialists, Generalists, and Policy Advocacy by Charitable Nonprofit Organizations

Previous research finds modest levels of engagement in policy advocacy by charitable nonprofits, despite legal regulations permitting nonprofit advocacy and the significance of public policy to nonprofit constituencies. This paper examines nonprofit involvement in policy advocacy using survey data from Boston, Massachusetts. Nonprofit participation in policy advocacy is associated with professionalization, resource dependence, features of the institutional environment, and organizational characteristics such as size and mission. Drawing from population ecology theory, we examine an additional aspect of organizational mission: whether a nonprofit serves a specialized or general population. We find that nonprofits serving specialized populations are more likely to participate in policy advocacy than nonprofits serving the general population.
In Utero and Early-Life Exposure to Ambient Air Toxics and Childhood Brain Tumors: A Population-Based Case–Control Study in California, USA

Background: Little is known about the influence of environmental factors on the etiology of childhood brain tumors. Objectives: We examined risks for brain tumors in children after prenatal and infant exposure to monitored ambient air toxics. Methods: We ascertained all cases of medulloblastoma, central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and astrocytoma before 6 years of age diagnosed in 1990–2007 from the California Cancer Registry and selected controls randomly from birth rolls matched by birth year. Exposures to air toxics during pregnancy/infancy for 43 PNET, 34 medulloblastoma, and 106 astrocytoma cases and 30,569 controls living within 5 mi of a monitor were determined. With factor analysis we assessed the correlational structures of 26 probable carcinogenic toxics, and estimated odds ratios by brain tumor type in logistic regression models. Results: PNETs (≤ 38 cases) were positively associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in prenatal exposure to acetaldehyde [odds ratio (OR) = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.44, 3.67], 1,3-butadiene (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.88), benzene, and toluene; and with IQR increases in exposure during the first year of life to ortho-dichlorobenzene (OR = 3.27; 95% CI: 1.17, 9.14), 1,3-butadiene (OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.57, 6.32), and benzene. All exposures except ortho-dichlorobenzene loaded on the same factor. Medulloblastoma (≤ 30 cases) was associated with prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs combined: OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.80). Exposures to lead and some PAHs during the first year of life were positively associated with astrocytoma, but the confidence intervals included the null value (e.g., for lead, OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.03). Conclusions: Our data suggest that in utero and infancy exposures to air toxics generated by industrial and road traffic sources may increase the risk of PNET and medulloblastoma, with limited support for increased risks for astrocytoma in children up to age 6. Citation: von Ehrenstein OS, Heck JE, Park AS, Cockburn M, Escobedo L, Ritz B. 2016. In Utero and early-life exposure to ambient air toxics and childhood brain tumors: a population-based case–control study in California, USA. Environ Health Perspect 124:1093–1099; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1408582