Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eye Movements , Strabismus , Amblyopia , and Neuro-Ophthalmology The Effect of Ocular Rigidity Upon the Characteristics of Saccadic Eye Movements

METHODS. Thirty-three young, visually healthy subjects participated with informed consent in the study. Axial length was measured using the IOLMaster ocular biometer. Ocular rigidity coefficients were determined using Schiotz tonometry. Horizontal saccades were stimulated randomly to 408 in 108 steps. Eye movements were recorded continuously at a sampling rate of 60 Hz using the Viewpoint video-eyetracker. RESULTS. Peak velocity increased significantly with increasing ocular rigidity (F [2,263] 1⁄4 30.635, P < 0.001). Time to peak velocity (F [2,263] 1⁄4 27.723, P < 0.001) and total response time (F [2,263] 1⁄4 21.133, P < 0.001) decreased significantly with increasing ocular rigidity. Ocular rigidity was significantly positively correlated with peak velocity (R 1⁄4 0.67, P < 0.001), and significantly negatively correlated with time to peak velocity (R 1⁄4 0.64, P < 0.001), and total response time (R 1⁄4 0.62, P < 0.001).
X-ray pre-ionization powered by accretion on the first black holes — II. Cosmological simulations and observational signatures

We use numerical simulations of a cosmological volume to study the X-ray ionization and heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM) by an early population of accreting black holes (BHs). By considering theoretical limits on the accretion rate and observational constraints from the X-ray background and faint X-ray source counts, we find that the maximum value of the optical depth to Thompson scattering which can be produced using these models is τe≃ 0.17, in agreement with previous semi-analytic results. The redshifted soft X-ray background produced by these early sources is important in producing a fully ionized atomic hydrogen in the low-density intergalactic medium before stellar reionization at redshift z∼ 6–7. As a result, stellar re-ionization is characterized by an almost instantaneous ‘overlap phase’ of H ii regions. The background also produces a second He ii re-ionization at about redshift 3 and maintains the temperature of the IGM at about 10 000 K even at low redshifts. If the spectral energy distribution of these sources has a non-negligible high-energy power-law component, the luminosity in the soft X-ray band of the ‘typical’ galaxies hosting intermediate-mass accreting BHs is maximum at z∼ 15 and is about one or two orders of magnitude below the sensitivity limit of the Chandra Deep Field. We find that about a thousand of these sources may be present per square arcmin of the sky, producing potentially detectable fluctuations. We also estimate that a few rare objects, not present in our small simulated volume, could be luminous enough to be visible in the Chandra Deep Field. The XEUS and Constellation-X satellites will be able to detect more of these sources that, if radio loud, could be used to study the 21-cm forest in absorption. A signature of an early X-ray pre-ionization is the production of secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on small angular scales (<1 arcmin). We find that in these models the power spectrum of temperature fluctuations increases with decreasing angular scale (ΔT∼ 16 μK at ∼1-arcsec scales), while for stellar re-ionization scenarios the power decreases on smaller scales. We also show that the redshifted 21-cm radiation from neutral hydrogen can be marginally detected in emission at redshifts 7 < z < 12. At a redshift of about z∼ 30 a stronger and narrower (in redshift space) signal in absorption against the CMB, that is peculiar to these models, could be detectable.
Near-linear time approximation algorithms for optimal transport via Sinkhorn iteration

Computing optimal transport distances such as the earth mover's distance is a fundamental problem in machine learning, statistics, and computer vision. Despite the recent introduction of several algorithms with good empirical performance, it is unknown whether general optimal transport distances can be approximated in near-linear time. This paper demonstrates that this ambitious goal is in fact achieved by Cuturi's Sinkhorn Distances. This result relies on a new analysis of Sinkhorn iteration, which also directly suggests a new greedy coordinate descent algorithm, Greenkhorn, with the same theoretical guarantees. Numerical simulations illustrate that Greenkhorn significantly outperforms the classical Sinkhorn algorithm in practice.
v-rel Induces ectopic expression of an adhesion molecule, DM-GRASP, during B-lymphoma development

In an effort to identify aberrantly expressed genes in v-rel-induced tumors, monoclonal antibodies were developed that reacted selectively with avian B-cell tumors. One antibody, HY78, immunoprecipitated a 120-kDa glycoprotein (p120) from cells that express v-rel. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of p120 identified a 27-amino-acid sequence that is also present in DM-GRASP, an adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Evidence from tissue distribution, immunological cross-reaction, PCR amplification, cDNA cloning, and DNA sequence shows that p120 is indeed DM-GRASP. Northern (RNA) analysis using a probe from the DM-GRASP gene identified a 5.3-kb transcript in mRNA from bursa, thymus, and brain as well as from v-rel-induced B-cell lymphomas but not from bursal B cells. The induction of this protein by v-rel during the development of bursal B-cell lymphomas appears, therefore, to be ectopic in nature. Overexpression of v-rel or c-rel in chicken embryonic fibroblasts, B-cell lines, and spleen mononuclear cells induces the expression of DM-GRASP. The ratio of DM-GRASP to v-Rel was fivefold higher than that of DM-GRASP/c-Rel in a B-cell line, DT95. Interestingly, the presence of HY78 antibody inhibits the in vitro proliferation of v-rel-transformed cells but not cells that immortalized by myc. These data suggest that DM-GRASP is one of the genes induced during v-rel-mediated tumor development and that DM-GRASP may be involved in the growth of v-rel tumor cells.
Podcasting in Undergraduate Nursing Programs

Little information is available regarding the value of podcasting in nursing education. This mixed-methods study described nursing students’ (n = 101) perceptions of podcasted materials, the benefits of podcasting, and when and where students used podcasted materials. Students (86%) believed podcasts enriched their learning, and 95% reported podcasts as valuable tools in the learning environment. Most students (94%) would recommend podcasting in other courses and accessed podcast materials 3 times per week. More than half of the students (55%) accessed podcast materials in multiple places (ie, in the car, in the home, and at school).
Arabic Handwriting Recognition

This thesis explores a number of different techniques for use in the field of Arabic Handwriting Recognition. A review of previous work in the field is conducted, and then various techniques are explored in the context of classifying town names from the IFN/ENIT database. A baseline-finding algorithm using Principal Components Analysis is implemented, and the change in performance from reducing the influence of certain word features is also demonstrated. Several simple methods of town name classification are investigated, including a scheme using Tangent Features. These model the variations in the training examples in order to improve generalisation, and perform with 94% accuracy on a small 10-class lexicon. Moment invariants are considered as useful features for classification, but fail to surpass the performance of simpler methods. An approach where town names are split into parts and traced to recover temporal information is conceived, and found to have encouraging performance and several useful properties.
Estratégia metodológica para zoneamento ambiental: a experiência aplicada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Rio Taquari.

Planejamento - conceituacao e historico. A importância e as limitacoes do zoneamento ambiental. Conceitos importantes para obtencao de zoneamento. Instrumentos estatisticos e geotecnologia para obtencao de zoneamento. O desenho da Bacia Hidrografica do Alto Rio Taquari. A formacao do relevo e a evolucao da paisagem. Os solos, a aptidao agricola e a vulnerabilidade da bacia hidrografica. Caracteristicas e qualidade dos recursos hidricos. As condicoes climaticas. Cobertura vegetal e a fauna atual. Distribuicao da terra ou estrutura fundiaria. Usos da terra e atividades humanas. Aspectos da infraestrutura social e economica. Aspectos da dinâmica populacional e condicoes de vida da populacao. Gestao ambiental como resposta social. Diagnostico ambiental. Zoneamento ambiental: procedimentos para analise integrada e comparacao entre zoneamentos. Zoneamento ambiental: construindo a dimensao ambiental e a dimensao economica. Zoneamento ambiental: construindo a dimensao social e o ordenamento territorial. Zoneamento ambiental: construindo e comparando zoneamentos ambientais.
Unilateral lesions of the globus pallidus: report of four patients presenting with focal or segmental dystonia

OBJECTIVES To interpret clinical features after unilateral lesions of the globus pallidus on the basis of physiology of the basal ganglia. METHODS Four patients with unilateral lesions in the globus pallidus (GP) were clinically examined and the literature on patients with pallidal lesions was reviewed. RESULTS Three patients presented with contralateral dystonia largely confined to one arm in one case and one leg in two cases. One patient had predominant contralateral hemiparkinsonism manifested mainly as micrographia and mild dystonia in one arm. The cause of the lesions was unknown in two patients. In the other two symptoms had developed after head trauma and after anoxia. All lesions involved the internal segment of the GP. Two patients, including the patient with hemiparkinsonism, had additional involvement of the external segment of the GP. In the literature reports on 26 patients with bilateral lesions restricted to the GP only two with unilateral lesions were found. The patients with bilateral pallidal lesions manifested with dystonia, parkinsonism, or abulia. One of the patients with unilateral GP lesions had contralateral hemidystonia, the other contralateral arm tremor. CONCLUSION These cases emphasise the importance of the GP, particularly its internal segment, in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
The Ferrier Lecture, 1977 The neuron network of the cerebral cortex: a functional interpretation

An attempt is made at showing that the cerebral cortex has to be envisaged as a mosaic of columnar units of remarkably similar internal structure and surprisingly little variation of diameter (200–300 μm). A systematic investigation is made of various types of interneurons and also of the local connections of the pyramidal cells by the combined application of four techniques: (i) the classical Golgi procedures, (ii) electron microscope studies of various types of synapses, (iii) light and electron microscope studies in chronically isolated cortical slabs of the local synapses that persist under such circumstances, and (iv) serial reconstruction––under the electron microscope–of clearly identified Golgi-stained interneurons (and pyramidal cells) which has revealed a hitherto unexpected degree of specificity in local connectivity. Most interneurons are not only highly specific with respect to the arborization pattern of their axons and to the size and shape within which they establish synapses with specific sites of certain other neurons, but also with respect to the character, preferential localization, and origin of the synapses that they receive. On the basis of this kind of information the local neuron network of the cerebral cortex can be defined as an intricate system of repetitive but mutually interpene-trating spatial modules of specific interneuron arborizations. As a consequence the synapses of each individual interneuron are distributed in such geometrically defined modules of cortical space. Some of the interneuron types and the corresponding spatial modules can be identified with considerable confidence as being of an excitatory, and others of an inhibitory, nature. By using recent information on the mode of termination of various afferent pathways of the cortex and on the cellular origin of the main efferent pathways, tentative models for the cortical neuron chains can be proposed.
An automated method for analyzing adherence to therapeutic guidelines: Application in Diabetes

BACKGROUND Physicians' adherence to guidelines can be used for measuring prescribing appropriateness. We present a simple approach allowing the automation of this process. DESIGN The drug therapy is described in terms of treatment type, pharmacotherapeutic classes, international non proprietary names (INN) and doses. A rule-based engine implementing the guideline generates recommendations for each patient record. These are automatically compared with prescriptions of the same patient in three levels of detail. PARTICIPANTS Ambulatory patients admitted for the follow-up of their type 2 diabetes between June 2003 and September 2004 in a university hospital in France. RESULTS For 574 patient records included in the study, physicians agreed with the guideline recommendations over the choice of type of treatment in 473 cases (82%). When agreement over pharmacotherapeutic class of drugs was also taken into account, the adherence ratio decreased to 448 cases (78%). Finally, when the dosage of each drug was taken into account, the adherence ratio dropped to 396 cases (69%). Adherence ratios were also dependent on the type of treatment at admission: low for patients on oral tritherapy, and on diet and exercise. The results also highlighted inertia of physicians for beginning drug therapy and the underuse of biguanides. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method provides an automatable way of measuring the appropriateness of treatment choice, which can be used for chronic diseases.
Antiviral and antioxidant activity, green synthesis, and optimization of silver nanoparticles derived from Ulva lactuca

: This article investigated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ulva lactuca with their antiviral and antioxidant activity. The optimization of nanoparticle synthesis was also regulated. Ulva lactuca was collected in June 2020, prepared, and optimized for silver nanoparticle synthesis. Confirmation of the formation of the silver nanoparticles by Ulva lactuca aqueous extract was determined by UV–VIS spectrophotometer. The nanoparticles were found to be distinct, regular, and primarily spherical, with sizes ranging from 4.08 - 27.57nm, and the average size of particles was found to be 10.29 nm. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ulva lactuca showed significant antioxidant activity but less than conventional ascorbic acid. It also showed important cytotoxic activity against the VERO cell line but weak antiviral activity against Adenovirus. The effect of reaction time, AgNO3 Solution to algal extract, precursor concentration, temperature, time, and pH on silver nanoparticle synthesis was evaluated. Characterization of the produced nanoparticles was also performed.
Vertical trend analysis of equivalent hydraulic conductivity in alluvial fan gravel deposits considering open void connectivity

: This study demonstrated groundwater flow simulations to investigate a vertical trend of equivalent hydraulic conductivity of alluvial fan gravel deposits in Sapporo, Japan, considering open void connectivity. Equivalent hydraulic conductivity was defined according to Darcy’s Law for a cube of 10 m in size, consisting of one million cells assigned among fully packed (without open voids), loosely packed (with less-connected voids) or very loosely packed (with well-connected voids) deposits. The stochastic generation was performed under each configuration in terms of target depth sections for vertical trend analysis, and horizontal variogram ranges (random, high, and low connectivity, and no open voids) for open void connectivity. The logarithmic average of 100 equivalent hydraulic conductivities was calculated in each configuration, and the vertical trends were determined. The simulation results showed that the equivalent hydraulic conductivity increased when the open void frequency was large in the shallow zone and the connectivity of the open voids was assumed. In particular, the high connectivity assumption was needed to match the in situ trend with a decay exponent of 0.05 m –1 . Modeling the vertical trend with such a large decay exponent was essen-tial to obtain realistic solutions of the groundwater flow and transport system in the alluvial fan.
Speech Recognition Materials and Ceiling Effects: Considerations for Cochlear Implant Programs

Cochlear implant recipients have demonstrated remarkable increases in speech perception since US FDA approval was granted in 1984. Improved performance is due to a number of factors including improved cochlear implant technology, evolving speech coding strategies, and individuals with increasingly more residual hearing receiving implants. Despite this evolution, the same recommendations for pre- and postimplant speech recognition testing have been in place for over 10 years in the United States. To determine whether new recommendations are warranted, speech perception performance was assessed for 156 adult, postlingually deafened implant recipients as well as 50 hearing aid users on monosyllabic word recognition (CNC) and sentence recognition in quiet (HINT and AzBio sentences) and in noise (BKB-SIN). Results demonstrated that for HINT sentences in quiet, 28% of the subjects tested achieved maximum performance of 100% correct and that scores did not agree well with monosyllables (CNC) or sentence recognition in noise (BKB-SIN). For a more difficult sentence recognition material (AzBio), only 0.7% of the subjects achieved 100% performance and scores were in much better agreement with monosyllables and sentence recognition in noise. These results suggest that more difficult materials are needed to assess speech perception performance of postimplant patients – and perhaps also for determining implant candidacy.
Comparison of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Two Different Rotary NiTi Instruments (An In-Vitro Study)

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the dynamic CFR of M3-ProGold instruments and Pepsi Gold instruments. Material and methods: Eighty files of size 25/. 06 of M3 Pro Gold files and Pepsi Gold files (each n = 40) were evaluated for dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance inside two artificial stainless-steel canals with 2 different radii [(60̊ curvature, 3 and 5 mm curvature radii) at body temperature and immersed in distilled water at 37° ± 1°C. The NCF (number of cycles to failure) was documented. The data was analysed by the use of ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (P ≤ 0 .05). Results: The Pepsi Gold instruments had a significantly greater NCF than the M3 Pro Gold files in both canal radii at body temperature. Conclusion: Pepsi Gold instruments have higher CFR than M3 Pro Gold instruments.
Analysis of Personal Hygiene Status and Basic Sanitation with the Incidence of Stunting in Toddler (case study of Pantai Labu Sub-District)

The second sustainable development goal, which aims to achieve food security and eradicate hunger and all kinds of malnutrition by 2030, includes stunting as one of its priorities. WASH and personal hygiene are indirect risk factors for stunting, if environmental sanitation and personal hygiene are poor, it can increase the risk of stunting in toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of personal hygiene status and basic sanitation on the incidence of stunting in Pantai Labu sub-district. The research was conducted from August to October 2023 in five villages that have been determined to be the locus of stunting in the district, namely Paluh Sibaji, Regemuk, Denai Kuala, Bagan Serdang, and Sei Tuan Villages. This research method uses a case control design population in this study were mothers of toddlers who were stunted in Pantai Labu District, totaling 55 toddlers. Sample taken by total sampling with a total of 55 stunted toddlers and 55 toddlers who were not stunted and a total sample of 110 toddlers. This research uses primary and secondary data, with data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis using logistic regression test presenting with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by using SPSS version 25. The results showed that personal hygiene of toddlers (OR = 4.259; 95% CI 1.749-10.372; p = 0.001), personal hygiene of mothers (OR = 4.571; 95% CI 1.752-11.928; p=0.002), and ownership of latrines (OR=2.260; 95% CI 1.051-4.859; p=0.037) influenced the incidence of stunting in Pantai Labu sub-district. Access to drinking water, waste water disposal facilities, and waste disposal facilities had no effect on the incidence of stunting (p>0.05). Mothers are advised to improve personal hygiene for both mothers and toddlers and always fulfill the criteria for latrines to meet the requirements. Keywords: Stunting, Personal hygiene, Sanitation
Performance Evaluation of Lead Free CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite Solar Cell: A Simulation Approach by SCAPS-1D

The toxicity issue is a major obstacle to the broad commercialization of Lead (Pd)-based Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). In such scenarios, Tin (Sn)-based PSC can be crucial to the widespread adoption of high-performance SC. In this study, a Sn-based structure of FTO/Ti02/CH3NH3SnI3/Spiro-OMeTADI Au has been proposed. A sequential strategy is adopted to evaluate the energy level, recombination rate, the bandgap of the absorber, work function, reflective coating, temperature, typical J - V and Q- E curve of the structure using SCAPS ID software. The optimized structure attained maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.95 %, with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.9622 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 33.87 ma/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 82.69% at 300k. The outcomes of this numerical simulation can offer an insightful approach for fabricating viable, economical and highly efficient Sn-based PSC.
The Correlation between Dimensions of Sustainability Literacy: The Case of British and Turkish Students

The acquisition of the competencies of sustainability literacy through education requires an understanding of how sustainability literacy is shaped. In this connection, in the current study, the interaction between the following dimensions of sustainability literacy was investigated; SA (sustainability attitude), SB (sustainability behavior) and SK (sustainability knowledge). The study was conducted as a survey study on university students in the UK and Turkey within the context of a project entitled “Ecological Literacy Education” and supported by TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Organization). The participants (n:1023) of the study are students attending several departments of Plymouth University in the UK and Mugla Sitki Kocman University in Turkey. The data were collected by using the Scale of Sustainability Literacy and analyzed using AMOS version 24. Although it was understood that there were mutual and positive correlations between the dimensions of sustainability literacy, it was revealed that the correlations between some sub-dimensions of these dimensions showed variation. The results of the study are expected to contribute to revealing the interaction between the dimensions of sustainability literacy in more detail and accordingly to the effectiveness of sustainability education.