Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing requirements traceability practice

Influencing Requirements Traceability Practice R equirements traceability is viewed as a measure of system quality and is mandated by many standards governing the development of systems (for example, MIL–STD-498). Though the importance and role of traceability in supporting systems development have been long recognized, there are wide variations in the quality and usefulness of the practice [7]. Environmental, organizational, and technical factors influence the implementation of requirements traceability. In this article, we identify and discuss how such influences impact the adoption and use of traceability. The results reported in this article are based on data from a series of empirical studies conducted over four years with the goals of capturing the current practices and trends in requirements traceability, developing reference models to guide improved practice, and understanding the factors that facilitate or impede traceability practice. The primary research question explored in this article is: What are the critical factors that influence the practice of requirements traceability? The study is guided by the theoretical framework for understanding the issues around the adoption of CASE tools developed by Orlikowski [5]. This framework, developed using the grounded theory approach, considers a wide range of factors, including the social context, the motivations and actions of the participants, and the implementation process in systems development. Our adaptation of the basic framework, presented in Figure 1, can be explained in brief as follows: Institutional contexts and the strategic conduct of organizational actors interact over time influencing each other. Balasubramaniam Ramesh Findings from a comprehensive survey identify the major issues that motivate users to employ traceability practices— or not.
Potential Mechanism of Tibetan Medicine Liuwei Muxiang Pills against Colorectal Cancer: Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analyses

This study aimed to explore the mechanism through which Tibetan medicine Liuwei Muxiang (LWMX) pills acts against colorectal cancer (CRC). We firstly retrieved the active ingredients and the correlated targets of LWMX pills from public databases. The CRC-related targets were determined through bioinformatic analysis of a public CRC dataset. By computing the intersection of the drug-specific and disease-related targets, LWMX pill–CRC interaction networks were constructed using the protein–protein interaction (PPI) method and functional enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we determined the hub genes using machine learning tools and further verified their critical roles in CRC treatment via immune infiltration analysis and molecular docking studies. We identified 81 active ingredients in LWMX pills with 614 correlated targets, 1877 differentially expressed genes, and 9534 coexpression module genes related to CRC. A total of 5 target hub genes were identified among the 108 intersecting genes using machine learning algorithms. The immune infiltration analysis results suggested that LWMX pills could affect the CRC immune infiltration microenvironment by regulating the expression of the target hub genes. Finally, the molecular docking outcomes revealed stable binding affinity between all target hub proteins and the primary active ingredients of LWMX pills. Our findings illustrate the anti-CRC potential and the mechanism of action of LWMX pills and provide novel insights into multitarget medication for CRC treatment.
Combining Automated Reasoning Systems using Global Workspace Architectures

Artificial Intelligence techniques from areas such as theorem proving, planning, machine learning, constraint solving, etc., have been implemented in powerful software packages and applied successfully in various domains. We believe that it is time to fully harness the power of individual AI techniques by considering how to combine various reasoning methods so that the whole is more than a sum of the parts. In a number of studies, we have constructed combined reasoning systems and successfully employed them for various discovery tasks in domains of pure mathematics such as finite algebras, number theory and graph theory. We have similarly shown that combined reasoning systems can be fruitfully employed for constraint solving and automated theorem proving tasks. Given the success of these combined reasoning systems, the next step is to move from ad-hoc systems to configurations of a generic framework which can perform the same tasks. We develop here such a framework based on a global workspace architecture, which is essentially a model of combined serial and parallel information flow, wherein specialist processes compete and co-operate for access to a global workspace. Having developed the framework, we configure it into three different combined reasoning systems, each of which can in theory produce results that we previously achieved with an ad-hoc combined system. We argue that such an architecture has many attractive features for combining reasoning systems. In particular, modelled in this way, the combined reasoning system reports the reasoning process in a serial manner, but takes advantage of massive parallelism to determine what to report. Moreover, the component sub-systems have no need to communicate with each other and require no knowledge of how the other sub-systems reason.
Investigating the Strategies to Cope with Resistance to Change in Implementing ICT : A Case Study of Allama

When technological change takes place, employees with positive attitude not only accept new ways of doing work but also become a motivational force to other staff members. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) intends to make the best use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in administration, servicing and academic departments. Since it is partially launched but before implementation at mass level, this study is carried out to determine the staff attitude towards ICT. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is mostly used by researchers to predict the attitude and behavior towards technology and information systems in different settings. However an extended TAM model is used in this study to better predict the attitude with the help of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and an additional variable of subjective norm. By adopting stratified sampling the whole population was divided into three strata and 25 % of each strata was taken as sample. Quantitative results collected using questionnaire survey, indicate negative attitude in some employees but most of the respondents have positive attitude regarding ICT. This study provides empirical evidence to support theoretical model, which show that attitude is significantly associated with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm, while behavior intention is found significantly related with attitude.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotype among Moroccan women during a local screening program.

INTRODUCTION Many studies have indicated a causal relationship between genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of six high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses in cervical lesions from Moroccan women with normal and abnormal cytology. METHODOLOGY The study included 938 women from the Children's and Mothers' Pathology Department of Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat. Cytopathology examination was done by routine PAP smear testing. HPV DNA testing was conducted using DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction with subsequent typing by hybridization with specific probes for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 and 45. RESULTS Cytopathology testing showed that only 16.3 % had an abnormal cytology, with a predominance of atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cases. The overall HPV prevalence was 15.7%. According to the cytology results, HPV infection was detected in 15.8% of normal and 14.38% of abnormal cases. Specific HPV genotyping showed a predominance of HPV 16 and 18. Double infection (HPV 16 + 18) was found in two cases whereas multiple infections (HPV 16+18+31) were detected in only one case. Evaluation of the relationship between HPV status and some environmental risk factors, including individual, socio-economic, and hygiene status, showed a significant association between HPV infection and oral contraceptive use. CONCLUSION Based on these data, a combination of cytology and HPV DNA testing allows for identification of patients with a high risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions and improves cervical cancer prevention.
Is preterm delivery still related to physical working conditions in pregnancy?

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to determine the relationship between working conditions during pregnancy, women's occupation, and preterm birth. DESIGN--This was a retrospective survey. SETTING--The study was carried out in four public maternity units in France in 1987 and 1988. SUBJECTS--1949 women were interviewed after the delivery during their stay in hospital. Of these, 1002 held a job during pregnancy, but this report is confined to 875 women who had a single live birth and who had worked for more than the first trimester of pregnancy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Information about social and occupational status was obtained through interviews, and data about gestational length were obtained from medical records. The primary results showed that preterm birth did not vary significantly according to working conditions whereas it differed according to occupational group. CONCLUSIONS--Occupation, but not working conditions, affected the incidence of preterm birth. This result is discordant with other studies which underlined the excess of preterm births among women with strenuous working conditions. Reasons for this discrepancy may include (1) change in perception of "strenuous working conditions"; (2) improved working conditions; (3) the development of "preventive" strategies by pregnant women. Occupation is a more reliable indicator of risk than self described working conditions.
Radar Studies of Orientation of Songbird Migrants in Southeastern New England

This paper summarizes the results of studies of the orientation of songbirds on autunm night-migration, made at a radar station on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In a general survey of the migration observed by radar in this area, Drury & Keith (1962) discussed primarily the effects of weather on the start of migration, and did not analyze the observed directions of flight. As found by Lack (1959-63) in Europe, migration over Cape Cod is made up of a number of discrete broad-front movements characterized by uniformity and consistency of direction. In this paper we describe the main autumn migration movements, paying special attention to the way in which directions of flight vary from hour to hour and from place to place, and to the effects of wind, clouds, rain, and fog upon the flight directions. We confine our attention, so far as practicable, to passerines and other small landbirds, and do not discuss in detail observations of eve sed ' migrations, "r r '
Apps Seeking Theories: Results of a Study on the Use of Health Behavior Change Theories in Cancer Survivorship Mobile Apps

Background Thousands of mobile health apps are now available for use on mobile phones for a variety of uses and conditions, including cancer survivorship. Many of these apps appear to deliver health behavior interventions but may fail to consider design considerations based in human computer interface and health behavior change theories. Objective This study is designed to assess the presence of and manner in which health behavior change and health communication theories are applied in mobile phone cancer survivorship apps. Methods The research team selected a set of criteria-based health apps for mobile phones and assessed each app using qualitative coding methods to assess the application of health behavior change and communication theories. Each app was assessed using a coding derived from the taxonomy of 26 health behavior change techniques by Abraham and Michie with a few important changes based on the characteristics of mHealth apps that are specific to information processing and human computer interaction such as control theory and feedback systems. Results A total of 68 mobile phone apps and games built on the iOS and Android platforms were coded, with 65 being unique. Using a Cohen’s kappa analysis statistic, the inter-rater reliability for the iOS apps was 86.1 (P<.001) and for the Android apps, 77.4 (P<.001). For the most part, the scores for inclusion of theory-based health behavior change characteristics in the iOS platform cancer survivorship apps were consistently higher than those of the Android platform apps. For personalization and tailoring, 67% of the iOS apps (24/36) had these elements as compared to 38% of the Android apps (12/32). In the area of prompting for intention formation, 67% of the iOS apps (34/36) indicated these elements as compared to 16% (5/32) of the Android apps. Conclusions Mobile apps are rapidly emerging as a way to deliver health behavior change interventions that can be tailored or personalized for individuals. As these apps and games continue to evolve and include interactive and adaptive sensors and other forms of dynamic feedback, their content and interventional elements need to be grounded in human computer interface design and health behavior and communication theory and practice.
Linguistically Motivated Large-Scale NLP with C&C and Boxer

The statistical modelling of language, together with advances in wide-coverage grammar development, have led to high levels of robustness and efficiency in NLP systems and made linguistically motivated large-scale language processing a possibility (Matsuzaki et al., 2007; Kaplan et al., 2004). This paper describes an NLP system which is based on syntactic and semantic formalisms from theoretical linguistics, and which we have used to analyse the entire Gigaword corpus (1 billion words) in less than 5 days using only 18 processors. This combination of detail and speed of analysis represents a break-through in NLP technology.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci Species Isolated from Clinical Samples

Enterococcus is an important pathogen all around the world, known as an important nosocomial pathogen. This study determined the strains and antibiotics susceptibility of Enterococci isolated from clinical samples in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, from July 2014 to July 2015. This experimental study was performed on 58 Enterococci strains isolated from clinical samples in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Patients’ information was collected by a questionnaire. After isolating and identifying 58 strains of Enterococci from clinical samples, complimentary tests were carried out. Antibiogram test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and CLSI criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16. The frequencies of the isolated Enterococci species included E. faecalis with 72.41% (42 cases), E. feacium with 13.79% (8 cases), E. hirea with 6.9% (4 cases), E. avium with 3.44% (2 cases), E. gallinarium with 1.73% (1 case), and E. mundtii with 1.73% (1 case). Most of Enterococci strains were isolated from urine samples with 48.27% (28 cases). The highest and lowest resistances were to penicillin (95%) and linezolid (0%), respectively. We found a significant statistical difference between Enterococcus and time of hospital stay (P = 0.03). Based on the results of the present study, E. faecalis was, by far, the most predominant isolate. This suggests that in order to prevent the antibiotic resistance and select an appropriate antibiotic before the treatment, antibiogram test should be done for each patient.
Modulation of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Signaling by Chronic Cocaine

Repeated cocaine produces enduring neuroadaptations in glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens that are thought to contribute to addiction. Group II metabotropic glutamate autoreceptors (mGluR2/3) regulate glutamate release, and this study investigates whether repeated cocaine injection produces long-lasting alterations in mGluR2/3 content, phosphorylation, and physiology. Rats were administered cocaine daily for 1 week, and 3 weeks after the last injection, mGluR2/3 protein levels were altered in the accumbens and prefrontal cortex (PFC) but not in the dorsal striatum or ventral tegmental area. The level of mGluR2/3 dimer was elevated in the accumbens and PFC and the monomer was reduced in the PFC only. Furthermore, the relative Ser phosphorylation state of the monomer was elevated in both the accumbens and PFC of cocaine-pretreated subjects, whereas the dimer demonstrated negligible phosphorylation in either treatment group. These changes in mGluR2/3 level and phosphorylation state were associated with reduced mGluR2/3 agonist-induced guanosine 5′-3-O -(thio)triphosphate binding in the accumbens and PFC, but not in the dorsal striatum. Stimulation of mGluR2/3 reduces extracellular glutamate by inhibiting Ca2+-dependent and cystine/glutamate antiporter-mediated glutamate release. The capacity of the mGluR2/3 agonist 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC) to inhibit [35S]cystine uptake via cystine/glutamate antiporter in accumbens tissue slices was reduced by repeated cocaine. Also, the capacity of APDC to reduce the basal and potassium-stimulated extrasynaptic glutamate was significantly blunted in the accumbens of cocaine-pretreated subjects. Together, these data demonstrate that repeated cocaine produces an enduring reduction in mGluR2/3 function in the nucleus accumbens.
Histo-functional effects of Peganum harmala on male rat's spermatogenesis and fertility.

BACKGROUND The Peganum harmala is currently used by the Jordanian populations systemically for its antispasmodic, diuretic, sedative and analgesic effects and externally for its antirheumatic effect. OBJECTIVE To study effects of Peganum harmala on the reproductive system and fertility using adult male albino rats. MATERIAL & METHOD A total of 20 rats were involved in this study and were divided into two groups. Group (A) a vehicle-treated control and group (B) a treated group with aqueous extract of Peganum harmala at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 60 days. RESULTS This dose induces a significant decrease in the weight of reproductive organs (p<0.01) when compared to controls. The sperm motility and density in cauda epidydimides and testicular ducts were significantly decreased (p<0.01). Furthermore treatments have remarkably altered the histoarchitecture of testes. Spermatogenesis was inhibited at both primary and secondary spermatocyte stages. Epididymides showed reduced number of spermatozoa. Lumen of vas deferentia were devoid of sperms. The secretary activities of seminal vesicle and ventricular prostate were also reduced. Spermatocytes parameters were altered which included a significant decrease count (p<0.001). In addition counts of developing spermatocytes in treated rats showed a decrease in number of spermatocytes and spermatids (p<0.001) when compared to controls. Serum hormonal assay indicated a decrease in Testosterone and Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels in treated rats. A decreased in number female rats impregnated by males receiving treatment was observed and demonstrated by a decrease in the implantation sites and viable fetuses number (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The aqueous extracts of Peganum harmala might have adverse effects on the processes of spermatogenesis due to direct or indirect effects on somniferous tubules and or the pituitary testicular axis.
Optimal Consumption and Portfolio Choice With Borrowing Constraints

Abstract In this paper, we use stochastic dynamic programming to study the intertemporal consumption and portfolio choice of an infinitely lived agent who faces a constant opportunity set and a borrowing constraint. We show that, under general assumptions on the agent's utility function, optimal policies exist and can be expressed as feedback functions of current wealth. We describe these policies in detail, when the agent's utility function exhibits constant relative risk aversion.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: G11, G12, D52.
Analysis of risk factors predictive of distant failure after targeted chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND Distant metastasis (DM) is the most common mode of recurrence among patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma treated with intra-arterial cisplatin and radiotherapy (RADPLAT). OBJECTIVE To identify which patients are at greatest risk for DM and would benefit the most from new strategies designed to treat occult metastases. METHODS Between 1993 and 1999, 250 patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated by RADPLAT. Excluded from the analysis were 10 patients who either did not complete the protocol or were unavailable for follow-up and 39 patients with persistent disease or local recurrence. The incidence and the risk factors for DM in these patients were evaluated in a model that included the following factors: age, T and N classification, site of tumor, histologic grade, number (0, 1, or >1) and position (high vs low) of neck levels involved, and bilateral nodal disease. Multiple stepwise logistic regression was used for the analysis. RESULTS In a univariate analysis, the following variables correlated to DM: N classification (P =.02), site of tumor (P =.01), lower neck nodes (P =.002), number of neck levels involved (P =.001), and bilateral nodal disease (P =.02). In a multivariate analysis, the most significant risk factors for DM were the number of neck levels involved and the site of the primary tumor (P<.001). The highest odds ratios for DM were among patients with multiple levels of nodal involvement (3.17) and patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (2.8). CONCLUSIONS Patients with more than 1 level of clinical nodal involvement and patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma have the highest risk of developing DM as the initial site of failure and would benefit most from treatment strategies that address occult distant disease.
COMMITTED TO SHARE : THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT , KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND THE USE OF CMC

Knowledge sharing is an important process in modern organizations, as successful knowledge sharing can result in shared intellectual capital, an increasingly important resource. In this paper, we study the influence of organizational commitment and the use of ComputerMediated Communication (CMC) on knowledge sharing. In knowledge sharing, an important distinction is made between knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. Based on relevant literature, we hypothesize that commitment and CMC use are both positively related to both knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. We also hypothesize that CMC use positively influences commitment. On the basis of two case studies our conclusion is that CMC use is an antecedent of organizational commitment, and that such commitment, in turn, influences the willingness to both donate and collect knowledge. Further analyses lead to the conclusion that it is important to distinguish different processes of knowledge sharing (donating and collecting), different levels of commitment and knowledge sharing (organizational and departmental), and different modes of CMC use in order to get a full grasp of the relationship between commitment, knowledge sharing and CMC use.
The Penn Discourse Treebank

This paper describes a new discourse-level annotation project – the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB) – that aims to produce a large-scale corpus in which discourse connectives are annotated, along with their arguments, thus exposing a clearly defined level of discourse structure. The PDTB is being built directly on top of the Penn Treebank and Propbank, thus supporting the extraction of useful syntactic and semantic features and providing a richer substrate for the development and evaluation of practical algorithms. We present a preliminary analysis of inter-annotator agreement – both the level of agreement and the types of inter-annotator variation.