Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Holistic Approach with Progressive Dysarthria according to Clinical Experience: a Multi-Institutional Survey in Korea

Recently a more holistic approach that includes impairment, activation, and participation is recommended. This study investigated the difference between speech language pathologists (SLPs) ' awareness and preference of the assessment according to the clinical experience after adjustment of the medical center by regional groups. Sixty-two SLPs who work in 51 medical centers have completed the survey, and the data was analyzed via Cochran-MantelHaenszel Test. As a result, there is a significant difference between the SLPs surveyed who have less than 5 years experience and SLP's who have more than 5 years experience (p<0.05). Particularly in the preferences of assessment methods such as observation of intelligibility in conversation with SLPs, observation of AAC ability in the both technical ability and interaction, hierarchy of difficult communication situations, observation of interaction in conversation with others, and recording of communication in non-clinical situations. In the awareness of assessment, there are noticeable differences between the two aforementioned groups concerning the importance of assessing a communication partner's abilities (p<0.05). The results showed that the two groups of SLPs have different views regarding the awareness and preferences of assessment with progressive dysarthria according to their related clinical experience. Thus, it is necessary to develop and nurture guidelines with a more holistic approach to progressive dysarthria.
Pharmaceutical market and health system in the Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries: Time for innovations and changes in policies and actions

2,4 The pharmaceutical market has some unique specifications in healthcare economics. It has to provide its products to the health systems and usually has to get its profits from reimbursement systems. But both health and reimbursement markets are rather different from free markets in terms of their official rules and being categorized as “market failure”. In such conditions, the first thought that comes to mind is that pharmaceutical activities are somehow dependent on health system indicators. With this thought, we tried to seek any correlation between pharmaceutical market size and some main health indicators in some Middle East and Asian countries in central Asia. Most of the countries included in the study are categorized as low or middle income countries. The primary data were acquired from the World Bank and World Health Organization and are summarized in Table I. Data were analysed using SPSS 6. Correlation analysis by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PC) showed that spending on health in the countries strongly depends on their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (PC = 0.957, p < 0.01). Adult mortality rate (PC = –0.615, p < 0.01), under five year mortality rate (PC = –0.416, p < 0.05), life expectancy (PC = 0.632, p < 0.01) and healthy life expectancy (PC = 0.654, p < 0.01) have a significant correlation with spending on health. Vaccination does not show any significant correlation with health spending. A significant correlation is seen between per capita pharmaceutical con sumption (total market/population) and GDP per capita (PC = 0.646, p < 0.01) and health spending per capita (PC = 0.781, p < 0.01). Per capita pharmaceutical consumption shows a significant correlation with adult mortality rate (PC = –0.522, p < 0.01), under five year mortality rate (PC = –0.410, p < 0.05), life expectancy (PC = 0.562, p < 0.01), and healthy life expectancy (PC = 0.581). The number of physicians has no significant correlation with any health indicators or even the pharma ceutical market (p < 0.01). These results shows that the development process of a country in the region and growth of GDP per capita have strongly raised health
Ossicular chain lesions in cholesteatoma

SUMMARY The aim of the study was to describe ossicle resorption in chronic otitis with cholesteatoma and correlate it with clinical parameters such as age, contralateral ear condition, tympanic membrane aspect, cholesteatoma pathogenesis and extension, associated lesions and hearing threshold. Preoperative clinical data were collected for 140 patients with chronic otitis with cholesteatoma, whose ossicles were evaluated during surgery. 82% of patients showed ossicle resorption, with incus damage in 78% of cases. Multiple involvement was found in 45% of cases and the incus-stapes association was the most frequent. In 13 patients (11%) with ossicle damage, the ossicular chain was in continuity with a hearing threshold similar to patients without ossicular resorption. Ossicles were always damaged in congenital cholesteatoma and in case of associated lesions. Cholesteatoma extension was related to the incidence of ossicle resorption (p < 0.0001). Air and bone conduction worsened as the number of involved ossicles increased, while the air-bone gap remained stable. In conclusion, the origin and location of cholesteatoma are related to the site of ossicular damage, which is subsequent to the contact between bone and cholesteatoma. Pure-tone audiometry and air-bone gap do not reflect actual ossicular chain status. None of the other preoperative clinical parameters considered were reliable predictors of the condition of the ossicular chain.
Conceptual change in biology: Group interaction and the understanding of inheritance

Conceptual conflict, especially that generated by group discussion, has been shown to advance children's understanding of physics. The present study assessed whether this effect holds for biology, and more specifically concepts of inheritance, despite apparent differences between the characteristics of knowledge in the two domains. Pre-test interviews gauged 8- to 12-year-olds' initial ideas of heritable characteristics and inheritance mechanisms in animals. On the basis of these interviews, children were placed in one of three intervention conditions: individuals, groups holding similar ideas, or groups holding different ideas. They then completed a task designed to engender conceptual conflict via feedback, and either reflection on ideas (individuals) or group discussion. Post-test interviews revealed greatest advance among children in groups with different initial concepts. The lower levels of progress in the individual condition indicated that group discussion was more effective than feedback alone in promoting change. Dialogue analysis showed the impact of discussion to be attributable to resolutions of conflict within the groups with differing concepts. During discussions regarding physics, such resolutions have previously been found to occur spontaneously only among older students. The results are discussed in relation to the nature of naive biological concepts and domain-specific development.
Synoptic airborne thickness surveys reveal state of Arctic sea ice cover

While summer Arctic sea‐ice extent has decreased over the past three decades, it is subject to large interannual and regional variations. Methodological challenges in measuring ice thickness continue to hamper our understanding of the response of the ice‐thickness distribution to recent change, limiting the ability to forecast sea‐ice change over the next decade. We present results from a 2400 km long pan‐Arctic airborne electromagnetic (EM) ice thickness survey in April 2009, the first‐ever large‐scale EM thickness dataset obtained by fixed‐wing aircraft over key regions of old ice in the Arctic Ocean between Svalbard and Alaska. The data provide detailed insight into ice thickness distributions characteristic for the different regions. Comparison with previous EM surveys shows that modal thicknesses of old ice had changed little since 2007, and remained within the expected range of natural variability.
Caveolin‐1 and integrin β1 regulate embryonic stem cell proliferation via p38 MAPK and FAK in high glucose

The involvement of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) and integrin β1 (IN β1) in regulation of embryonic stem (ES) cell growth by high glucose is by no means clear cut. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of high glucose on Cav‐1 and IN β1 expression in mouse ES cells and their signaling pathways to modulate proliferation. High glucose significantly increased Cav‐1 and IN β1 expression. In addition, increased IN β1 expression was inhibited by Cav‐1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). High glucose caused reactive oxygen species generation and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK blocked high glucose‐induced Cav‐1 and fibronectin (FN) expression. Moreover, phosphorylation of both Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were increased by high glucose, which were inhibited by IN β1 antibody. In addition, high glucose increased the expression levels of PINCH1/2, integrin‐linked kinase (ILK), and α‐parvin [PIP] complex proteins, which were all inhibited by the FAK siRNA and Src specific inhibitor (PP2, 10−7 M). High glucose also increased F‐actin expression, which was inhibited by ILK, PINCH1/2, and α‐parvin siRNAs. Finally, high glucose‐induced increase of ES cell proliferation was inhibited by TRIO and F‐actin binding protein (TRIOBP) siRNA. The results demonstrate that high glucose‐induced Cav‐1 and IN β1 activation can stimulate ES cell proliferation through the modification of focal adhesion signaling pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1850–1859, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the impact of personality traits on online shopping behavior

With online shops (e-stores) popping up at a rapid rate in the 21st century, brick-and-mortar stores (physical stores) are no longer the only outlet that attracts consumer spending. Compared with their physical store cousins, e-stores offer more diverse product choices, individualized products and service information, shopping convenience, and privacy. The purpose of this article is mainly to investigate the impacts of personality traits of e-shoppers on their purchase behavior. A structural equation model is developed to test the causal effects between those constructs. The empirical results show that (1) hedonic purchase motivation is positively influenced by three of the big five traits: neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience; (2) when consumers have higher degrees of neuroticism, agreeableness, or openness to experience, they tend to be utility-motivated to shop online; (3) utilitarian purchase motivation is a key factor that invokes the search intention in consumers while hedonic motivation is not. The managerial implications for business managers, the limitations of this study, and further research ideas for future researchers are discussed indepth. Key words: Personality trait, hedonic motivation, utilitarian motivation, search intention.
KEBERLANJUTAN PENGHIDUPAN PETANI KOPI DESA TLAHAB, KECAMATAN KLEDUNG, KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG

Desa Tlahab merupakan salah satu desa di Temanggung yang melakukanupayastrategi pengembangan wilayah. Program tersebut bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup atau penghidupan petani dengan dukungan modal manusia, modal alam, modal fisik, modal keuangan dan modal sosial pada masa sekarang dan masa selanjutnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keberlanjutan penghidupan petani kopi Desa Tlahab dari adanya program-program tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian survei. Obyek penelitian adalah penghidupan rumah tangga petani kopi dengan unit analisis data yaitu rumah tangga petani kopi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan dan kuesioner. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik random dengan metode sampelacaksederhana. Variabel yang diteliti adalah bagian dari modal-modal penghidupan yaitu sumberdaya lahan, tanaman, hubungan rumah tangga secara vertikal dan horizontal, pendapatan dan pengeluaran, serta guncangan dan tekanan yang terjadi di penghidupan petani. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalahanalisis penskoran dan statistik deskriptif. Kesimpulan penelitian yang didapatkan adalah penghidupan petani kopi di Desa Tlahab sudah berkelanjutan karena kondisi tingkat penghidupan yang cukup layak dan dapat mengatasi guncangan dan tekanan yang terjadi.
Frequent upregulation of MYC in plasma cell leukemia

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare form of monoclonal gammopathy, which can originate de novo or evolve from multiple myeloma (MM) as a terminal leukemic phase. Previous cytogenetic studies of PCL have reported the presence of complex karyotypes with involvement of multiple unidentified chromosomal regions. We report here the analysis of 12 PCL (10 primary and two secondary) by metaphase and FISH analysis combined with oligonucleotide array data (244 k, Agilent). Interphase‐FISH results were compared with those from a series of 861 newly diagnosed patients with MM. Cytogenetic analysis was successful on 11 patients, all of whom showed clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Compared with MM, t(11;14)(q13;q32) (42% versus 15%; P = 0.027) and t(14;16)(q32;q23) (25% versus 4%; P = 0.010) were more frequent in PCL, although neither the specific partner chromosome involved in the IgH translocation nor the ploidy status predicted for survival. Chromosomes 1, 8, 13, and 16 showed the highest number of copy number alterations with 8q24 being the chromosomal region most frequently involved. In eight of 12 patients we found abnormalities (translocations, one amplification, small deletions, and duplications) that directly targeted or were very close to MYC. Only four of these changes were detected by routine FISH analysis using commercial probes with the others exclusively detected by arrays. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that these different abnormalities were associated with increased levels of MYC mRNA. We conclude that MYC dysregulation by complex mechanisms is one of the major molecular events in the oncogenesis of PCL. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insurance Status, Not Race, is Associated With Use of Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach for Rectal Cancer

Objective: To determine the impact of race and insurance on use of minimally invasive (MIS) compared with open techniques for rectal cancer in the United States. Background: Race and socioeconomic status have been implicated in disparities of rectal cancer treatment. Methods: Adults undergoing MIS (laparoscopic or robotic) or open rectal resections for stage I to III rectal adenocarcinoma were included from the National Cancer Database (2010–2012). Multivariate analyses were employed to examine the adjusted association of race and insurance with use of MIS versus open surgery. Results: Among 23,274 patients, 39% underwent MIS and 61% open surgery. Overall, 86% were white, 8% black, and 3% Asian. Factors associated with use of open versus MIS were black race, Medicare/Medicaid insurance, and lack of insurance. However, after adjustment for patient demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics, black race was not associated with use of MIS versus open surgery [odds ratio [OR] 0.90, P = 0.07). Compared with privately insured patients, uninsured patients (OR 0.52, P < 0.01) and those with Medicare/Medicaid (OR 0.79, P < 0.01) were less likely to receive minimally invasive resections. Lack of insurance was significantly associated with less use of MIS in black (OR 0.59, P = 0.02) or white patients (OR 0.51, P < 0.01). However, among uninsured patients, black race was not associated with lower use of MIS (OR 0.96, P = 0.59). Conclusions: Insurance status, not race, is associated with utilization of minimally invasive techniques for oncologic rectal resections. Due to the short-term benefits and cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques, hospitals may need to improve access to these techniques, especially for uninsured patients.
Expression and function of kainate receptors in the rat olfactory bulb

Although recent results suggest roles for NMDA and AMPA receptors in odor encoding, little is known about kainate receptors (KARs) in the olfactory bulb (OB). Molecular, immunological, and electrophysiological techniques were used to provide a functional analysis of KARs in the OB. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction revealed that the relative level of expression of KAR subunits was GluR5 ≈ GluR6 ≈ KA2 > KA1 ≫ GluR7. In situ hybridization data imply that mitral/tufted cells express mostly GluR5 and KA2, whereas interneurons express mostly GluR6 and KA2. Immunohistochemical double‐labeling experiments (GluR5/6/7 or GluR5 + synapsin) suggest that KARs are expressed at both synaptic and extrasynaptic loci. This heterogeneous expression of KAR subunits suggests that KARs may play a multitude of roles in odor processing, each tailored to the function of specific OB circuits. A functional analysis, using whole‐cell electrophysiology, suggests that one such role is to increase the frequency of glutamate transmission while attenuating the amplitude of individual events, likely via a presynaptic depolarizing mechanism. Such effects would be important to odor processing particularly by OB glomeruli. In these highly compartmentalized structures, an increase in the frequency of glutamate release and the high density of extrasynaptic KARs, activated by spillover, could enhance glomerular synchronization and thus the transfer of more specific sensory information to cortical structures. Synapse 61:320–334, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motivational Factors and Coping Strategies of Norwegian Paralympic and Olympic Winter Sport Athletes

This study aimed to compare individual and situational motivational factors and the use of coping strategies among elite athletes with and without physical disabilities. Participants were Norwegian athletes from the 1994 Winter Olympics (n = 69) and Paralympics (n = 30) at Lillehammer. Quantitative data came from questions concerning expectations and satisfactions, and three instruments (Perception of Success Questionnaire, Perceived Motivational Climate Questionnaire, and the COPE Inventory). Qualitative data came from interviews. MANOVA analyses revealed that Paralympic and Olympic athletes had similar motivational profiles, but the Paralympic athletes perceived a more mastery-oriented climate, F(1, 98) = 12.6, p < . 001. Both groups used similar types of coping strategies, except that Olympic athletes employed more redefinition and growth strategies, F(1, 97) = 6.72, p < . 01. Paralympic athletes were also significantly more satisfied with effort and results. Paralympic and Olympic athletes were signific.
ATTITUDE OF PARENTS AND FAMILY MEMBERS TOWARDS THEIR MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN IN ASSAM

The study attempted to investigate the attitude of parents and family members towards their mentally retarded children. The study also aimed to find out the levels of differences among the attitude of parents and family members and to know the impact of gender on the attitude of the same. The sample consisted of 50 parents and 50 family members of institutionalized mentally retarded children. Two attitude scales were constructed, one each for parents and family members, on the basis of likert’s 5 point scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The results indicated that the parents and family members have positive attitude towards mentally retarded children. However, their attitude towards mentally retarded children was affected by their individual knowledge, beliefs and perceptions. Further there was no any gender impact on the attitude of parents towards the retarded children. But the impact of gender was found significant on the attitude of family members.
Robots moving out of the laboratory - detecting interaction levels and human contact in noisy school environments

To achieve natural human-robot interaction, robots need to distinguish humans from other parts of the environment. We investigate how infrared sensors currently being used on a mobile robot can be used to distinguish human interaction. Different from the previous work, that had been conducted under laboratory conditions involving selected children, the current study took place in noisy school environments with a mix of children. Also, while in previous work each child was only exposed once to the robot in the current longitudinal study, each child encounters the robot five times. The technique that we developed previously for detecting human contact still proved to be reliable, however, results are not as clear-cut, due to noisy and rather unstructured environments that interfered with the robot's sensor readings. We discuss expected as well as unexpected results in light of the challenge to develop robots that can operate under real-life conditions.
Social Competence at the Playground: Preschoolers During Recess

Social interactions at the playground have been represented as a rich learning opportunity to hone and master social skills at preschool years. Specifically, all forms of social play (fantasy, role, exercise or rough-and-tumble) have been related to children's social competence. The main goal of this study was to examine whether it is a certain kind of social play which facilitates the development of social competence, or if it is just the opportunity for interacting during recess that provides children with an optimal environment for social learning. A total of 73 preschoolers (4–6 years old) were videotaped at the school's playground. Teachers provided assessments of children's social competence. Children's interactions at the playground were assessed through an innovative measuring method, based on radio-frequency identification devices. The results showed a positive association between exercise play and children's social competence. In contrast with the literature, both forms of pretend play, fantasy and role play were unrelated to children's social competence. Smaller peer groups and longer interactions also demonstrated a positive association with these preschoolers' social competence. The study shows the importance of outdoor physical play for preschoolers' social success. Moreover, the study suggests that the environment in which children play has an important effect on the adaptive nature of their play. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin problems of the leg amputee.

Lower-extremity amputees, the group with which this paper is concerned, include persons who have been subjected to gross anatomic loss of the lower limbs at widely varying levels, such as partial foot amputation, below-knee and above-knee amputations, knee or hip disarticulation, and hemipelvectomy. Amputation at each level is attended by distinctive problems of functional loss, fitting and alignment of the artificial limb, or prosthesis, and medical difficulties, such as skin disorders, that are secondary to use of the limb. These amputees require the continued care of limb fitters, or prosthetists, who construct the artificial limbs on which the amputees must depend for locomotion—and indeed, to a large degree, for social and economic rehabilitation—for the rest of their lives. But the problems facing leg amputees are not wholly prosthetic. Many are clearly medical; for example, pain, circulatory problems, and skeletal changes. Many amputees also require the care of the dermatologist more
Elementary School Social Climate and School Achievement1

The present study investigates the relationships among a variety of school-level climate variables and mean school achievement in a random, sample of Michigan elementary schools. School-level SES, racial composition and climate were each highly related to mean school achievement; only a small proportion of the between-school variance in achievement is explained by SES and racial composition after the effect of school climate is removed. The climate variable we have called Student Sense of Academic Futility had the largest correlation with achievement. An observational study of four schools with similar SES and racial composition but different achievement tended to support the more analytical findings and suggest the processes by which climate affects achievement.