Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast and exact geometric analysis of real algebraic plane curves

An algorithm is presented for the geometric analysis of an algebraic curve f(x, y) = 0 in the real affine plane. It computes a cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) of the plane, augmented with adjacency information. The adjacency information describes the curve's topology by a topologically equivalent planar graph. The numerical data in the CAD gives an embedding of the graph. The algorithm is designed to provide the exact result for all inputs but to perform only few symbolic operations for the sake of efficiency. In particular, the roots of f(∝, y) at a critical x-coordinate . The algorithm is implemented as C++ library AlciX in the EXACUS project. Running time comparisons with top by Gonzalez-Vega and Necula (2002), and with cad2d by Brown demonstrate its efficiency.
British conservatism after the vote for Brexit: The ideological legacy of David Cameron

Following the referendum on membership of the European Union (EU), this article assesses the ideological legacy of David Cameron on Conservative politics in Britain. It focuses on three areas of ideological tension in contemporary conservatism, namely, European integration, the divide between social liberals and traditionalists, and the future of the Union post-Brexit. Applying the concept of heresthetics to offer a theoretically informed account, it argues that while Cameron enjoyed some successes in ‘the art of political manipulation’ with electoral benefits, his desire to modernize conservatism was ultimately undone by his failure to restructure the key issue dimensions animating his party’s ideology. Ultimately, this failure undid his premiership, leading to his downfall.
Quasi-phonemic contrast and the fuzzy inventory: examples from Scottish English

In this article we propose that contrast must be treated as a gradient phenomenon at the phonological level, with membership of a phonemic inventory being a matter of degree. This is because, though minimal pairs provide simple and strong evidence of contrast, things are not always so straightforward. Defining “minimal” is one challenge; as is determining which aspects of a contrast are distinctive and which redundant. Non-phonological information is sometimes a necessary consideration. These complications are usually thought to affect the analysis of a phenomenon in a discrete way, tipping the binary balance held by the phonologist towards either one analysis or another. We, on the other hand, see the necessity of evaluating contrastive evidence and of taking other linguistic information into account as being an indication that contrastiveness is a scalar property. We address some patterns in the sound system of Scottish English; ones which provide less than clear evidence of phonemicity — or, as we think, evidence of less than clear phonemicity.
Penicillin’s Discovery and Antibiotic Resistance: Lessons for the Future?

Undoubtedly, the discovery of penicillin is one of the greatest milestones in modern medicine. 2016 marks the 75th anniversary of the first systemic administration of penicillin in humans, and is therefore an occasion to reflect upon the extraordinary impact that penicillin has had on the lives of millions of people since. This perspective presents a historical account of the discovery of the wonder drug, describes the biological nature of penicillin, and considers lessons that can be learned from the golden era of antibiotic research, which took place between the 1940s and 1960s. Looking back at the history of penicillin might help us to relive this journey to find new treatments and antimicrobial agents. This is particularly relevant today as the emergence of multiple drug resistant bacteria poses a global threat, and joint efforts are needed to combat the rise and spread of resistance.
Automatic Processes in Addiction : A Commentary

S ections 3 through 5 present a fascinating set of chapters on the many different psychological processes that may contribute to pathological drug-seeking behavior in addiction, with an emphasis on implicit automatic processes. We briefly address some highlights. The idea that addiction may result from dys-function that alters the balance among multiple different psychological processes, which normally occur simultaneously in encounter with rewards or predictive cues for them, is featured in several chapters. For example, whether an abstinent addict either relapses or continues to abstain at any given point in time may be the result of complex interactions among multiple cognitive and motiva-tional components, all of which may be activated by the same reward-related event. Thus, it is important to know the identity of the real components, differences between them, and the balance that controls behavior at any moment. Yin and Knowlton (Chapter 12) describe the differences between three major categories of psychological process that produce appetitive responses: cognitive act-outcome understanding, simpler S-R (stimulus-response) habits, and middle-level, Pavlovian-triggered appetitive motivational components, which can include attribution of incentive salience to reward-related conditioned stimuli and their neural representations. Yin and Knowlton (Chapter 12) discuss how these three mechanisms operate simultaneously in animals as well as people, and review evidence that they are mediated by different underlying neural systems. Franken et al. (Chapter 13) further survey human neuroimaging studies of reward-related processes, and note the importance of identifying brain activations triggered by reward stimuli that actually mediate reward. These must be distinguished from activation due to other simultaneously activated psychological processes, such as memory and attention. Such efforts will be critical to map psychological components of addiction onto their respective brain mechanisms.
Efficient algorithms for routing dependable connections in WDM optical networks

We consider the problem of establishing dependable connections in WDM networks with dynamic traffic demands. We call a connection with fault-tolerant requirements as a dependable connection (D-connection). We consider the single-link failure model in our study and recommend the use of a proactive approach, wherein a D-connection is identified with the establishment of the primary lightpath and a backup lightpath at the time of honoring the connection request. We develop algorithms to select routes and wavelengths to establish D-connections with improved blocking performance. The algorithms use the backup multiplexing technique to efficiently utilize the wavelength channels. To further improve channel utilization, we propose a new multiplexing technique called primary-backup multiplexing. Here, a connection may not have its backup lightpath readily available throughout its existence. We develop algorithms based on this technique to route D-connections with a specified restoration guarantee. We present an efficient and computationally simple heuristic to estimate the average number of connections per link that do not have backup lightpaths readily available upon a link failure. We conduct extensive simulation experiments on different networks to study the performance of the proposed algorithms.
AT&T at TREC-7

This year AT&T participated in the ad-hoc task and the Filtering, SDR, and VLC tracks. Most of our e ort for TREC-7 was concentrated on SDR and VLC tracks. On the ltering track, we tested a preliminary version of a text classi cation toolkit that we have been developing over the last year. In the ad-hoc task, we introduce a new tf-factor in our term weighting scheme and use a simpli ed retrieval algorithm. The same weighting scheme and algorithm are used in the SDR and the VLC tracks. The results from the SDR track show that retrieval from automatic transcriptions of speech is quite competitive with doing retrieval from human transcriptions. Our experiments indicate that document expansion can be used to further improve retrieval from automatic transcripts. Results of ltering track are in line with our expectations given the early developmental stage of our classi cation software. The results of VLC track do not support our hypothesis that retrieval lists from a distributed search can be e ectively merged using only the initial part of the documents.
KDSR: An Efficient DHT-Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Peer to Peer (P2P) as well as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) follows the same idea of creating a network without the help of central entities. Both networks are faced with the same fundamental challenge—routing. Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) have recently proven to be a novel and efficient way for locating objects. Routing protocols of MANETs can potentially benefit from the combination with DHTs. In this paper, we propose Kademlia-based Dynamic Source Routing (KDSR), which integrates the functionality of a DHT and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) at the network layer to provide an efficient indirect routing primitive in MANETs. KDSR organizes mobile nodes into a XOR-based metric topology. This topology has the property that every message exchanged conveys useful routing information, which facilitates route discovery and route maintenance. Simulation results show that KDSR achieves better packet delivery ratios at significantly lower overhead than DSR.
Full-System Simulation of big.LITTLE Multicore Architecture for Performance and Energy Exploration

Single-ISA heterogeneous multicore processors have gained increasing popularity with the introduction of recent technologies such as ARM big.LITTLE. These processors offer increased energy efficiency through combining low power in-order cores with high performance out-of-order cores. Efficiently exploiting this attractive feature requires careful management so as to meet the demands of targeted applications. In this paper, we explore the design of those architectures based on the ARM big.LITTLE technology by modeling performance and power in gem5 and McPAT frameworks. Our models are validated w.r. t. the Samsung Exynos 5 Octa (5422) chip. We show average errors of 20% in execution time, 13% for power consumption and 24% for energy-to-solution.
Design and Evaluation of an Individually Simulated Mobility Model in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Since there has been little focus on systematically creating user mobility and communication pattern traces, researchers in the mobile networking community often propose personal models with which to validate their routing algorithms. This approach has two problems: (1) invalid conclusions may be drawn from overly simplistic or unrealistic models, and (2) it is difficult to compare performance results of different algorithms due to the variety of models used. We describe a novel approach to generate user mobility patterns with an individually simulated behavioral model. In this model, the overall mobility pattern is the result of the interaction between the behaviors of individual nodes. We show that this general-purpose framework can reliably reproduce existing mobility patterns as well as create useful new ones. The model is validated with the statistical characteristics of representative scenarios and through the simulation with the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol.
Operational profiles in software-reliability engineering

A systematic approach to organizing the process of determining the operational profile for guiding software development is presented. The operational profile is a quantitative characterization of how a system will be used that shows how to increase productivity and reliability and speed development by allocating development resources to function on the basis of use. Using an operational profile to guide testing ensures that if testing is terminated and the software is shipped because of schedule constraints, the most-used operations will have received the most testing and the reliability level will be the maximum that is practically achievable for the given test time. For guiding regression testing, it efficiently allocates test cases in accordance with use, so the faults most likely to be found, of those introduced by changes, are the ones that have the most effect on reliability. <<ETX>>
Character strengths and clinical presentation

Abstract Three models are described that attempt to integrate clinical diagnosis with the strengths-based model introduced by Peterson and Seligman (2004). The strengths as syndrome model proposes conceptualizing clinical diagnoses in terms of excesses and deficiencies in strengths. The strengths as symptoms model suggests conceptualizing clinical symptoms as excesses or deficiencies in strengths. After reviewing these two models, we introduce a third. The strengths as moderators model suggests that signature or deficient strengths can serve moderators of clinical presentation within traditional diagnostic categories. This differs from the prior models primarily in offering a complement rather than alternative to traditional diagnostic formulation. A clinical case is provided highlighting the differences. The three approaches are not incompatible with each other, and in combination may provide practitioners a variety of perspectives for employing strength-based concepts in clinical interactions.
L O ] 26 M ar 2 01 3 Feasible combinatorial matrix theory Polytime proofs for König ’ s Min-Max and related theorems

We show that the well-known König’s Min-Max Theorem (KMM), a fundamental result in combinatorial matri x theory, can be proven in the first order theoryLA with induction restricted to Σ1 formulas. This is an improvement over the standard textbook proof of KMM which requires Π2 induction, and hence does not yield feasible proofs — while our new approach does.LA is a weak theory that essentially captures the ring properties of matrices; however, equipped with Σ1 induction LA is capable of proving KMM, and a host of other combinatorial properties such as Menger’s, Hall’s and Dilworth’s Theorems. Therefore, our result formalizes Min-Max type of reasoning within a feasible framework.
The Impact of Stock Index Futures Trading on Daily Returns Seasonality: A Multicountry Study

In this article, we investigate the impact of the introduction of stock index futures trading on the daily returns seasonality of the underlying index for seven national markets. It has been previously argued that the introduction of futures trading should lead to reduced seasonality of mean returns, and generally our results support this conclusion. The impact of index futures introduction on return autocorrelations and volatility is also tested, and the evidence presented suggests that futures trading has no impact on the former, although a change in the seasonal for the latter was detected.
Reliability of Signal Transfer at a Tonically Transmitting, Graded Potential Synapse of the Locust Ocellar Pathway

We assessed the performance of a synapse that transmits small, sustained, graded potentials between two classes of second-order ocellar “L-neurons” of the locust. We characterized the transmission of both fixed levels of membrane potential and fluctuating signals by recording postsynaptic responses to changes in presynaptic potential. To ensure repeatability between stimuli, we controlled presynaptic signals with a voltage clamp. We found that the synapse introduces noise above the level of background activity in the postsynaptic neuron. By driving the presynaptic neuron with slow-ramp changes in potential, we found that the number of discrete signal levels the synapse transmits is ∼20. It can also transmit ∼20 discrete levels when the presynaptic signal is a graded rebound spike. Synaptic noise level is constant over the operating range of the synapse, which would not be expected if presynaptic potential set the probability for the release of individual quanta of neurotransmitter according to Poisson statistics. Responses to individual quanta of neurotransmission could not be resolved, which is consistent with a synapse that operates with large numbers of vesicles evoking small responses. When challenged with white noise stimuli, the synapse can transmit information at rates up to 450 bits/s, a performance that is sufficient to transmit natural signals about changes in illumination.
Representation of Manipulable Man-Made Objects in the Dorsal Stream

We used fMRI to examine the neural response in frontal and parietal cortices associated with viewing and naming pictures of different categories of objects. Because tools are commonly associated with specific hand movements, we predicted that pictures of tools, but not other categories of objects, would elicit activity in regions of the brain that store information about motor-based properties. We found that viewing and naming pictures of tools selectively activated the left ventral premotor cortex (BA 6). Single-unit recording studies in monkeys have shown that neurons in the rostral part of the ventral premotor cortex (canonical F5 neurons) respond to the visual presentation of graspable objects, even in the absence of any subsequent motor activity. Thus, the left ventral premotor region that responded selectively to tools in the current study may be the human homolog of the monkey canonical F5 area. Viewing and naming tools also selectively activated the left posterior parietal cortex (BA 40). This response is similar to the firing of monkey anterior intraparietal neurons to the visual presentation of graspable objects. In humans and monkeys, there appears to be a close link between manipulable objects and information about the actions associated with their use. The selective activation of the left posterior parietal and left ventral premotor cortices by pictures of tools suggests that the ability to recognize and identify at least one category of objects (tools) may depend on activity in specific sites of the ventral and dorsal visual processing streams.
Enhanced Multiple Transform for Video Coding

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and in particular the DCT type II, has been widely used for image and video compression. Although DCT efficiently approximates the optimal Karhunen-Loève transform under first-order Markov conditions with low complexity, the energy packing efficiency is still limited since a fixed transform cannot always capture the highly dynamic statistics of natural video content. In this paper, to further improve the transform efficiency, an Enhanced Multiple Transform (EMT) scheme is proposed. In the proposed EMT, a few sinusoidal transforms, other than DCT, have also been utilized for coding both Intra and Inter prediction residuals. The best transform, as selected from a pre-defined transform subset specified by prediction mode, is explicitly signaled in a joint coding block level manner. Moreover, to accelerate encoding process, fast methods have also been proposed by skipping unnecessary transform rate-distortion evaluations using previously encoding statistics. The proposed method has been implemented on top of High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) reference software, and significant coding gain has been verified.
Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf, Stem, and Tuber Parts of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Using GC-MS

Objective. To explore the possible bioactive compounds in the methanolic extracts of leaf, stem, and tuber parts of the medicinal climber, Solena amplexicaulis, using GC-MS. Methods. GC-MS analysis of the plant extracts were performed by using GC-MS-5975C [Agilent] and mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the data in the library of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Results. Thirty-five compounds were determined to be present in the parts studied. The active principles with their retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, peak area, structure, category of the compounds, and activities were predicted. The most prevailing compounds were phytol (38.24%) in leaf, 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-2-one (56.90%) in stem, and 9,17-octadecadienal, (Z)- (21.77%) in tuber. Conclusion. This study revealed that the species S. amplexicaulis is a good source of many bioactive compounds like terpenes, triazines, esters, alkanes, alcohols, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, amides, and so forth. That justifies the traditional usage of this species.
Parallel Gaussian Networks with a Common State-Cognitive Helper

A class of state-dependent parallel networks with a common state-cognitive helper, in which $K$ transmitters wish to send $K$ messages to their corresponding receivers over $K$ state-corrupted parallel channels, and a helper who knows the state information noncausally wishes to assist these receivers to cancel state interference. Furthermore, the helper also has its own message to be sent simultaneously to its corresponding receiver. Since the state information is known only to the helper, but not to the corresponding transmitters $1,\dots,K$, transmitter-side state cognition and receiver-side state interference are mismatched. Our focus is on the high state power regime, i.e., the state power goes to infinity. Three (sub)models are studied. Model I serves as a basic model, which consists of only one transmitter-receiver (with state corruption) pair in addition to a helper that assists the receiver to cancel state in addition to transmitting its own message. Model II consists of two transmitter-receiver pairs in addition to a helper, and only one receiver is interfered by a state sequence. Model III generalizes model I include multiple transmitter-receiver pairs with each receiver corrupted by independent state. For all models, inner and outer bounds on the capacity region are derived, and comparison of the two bounds leads to characterization of either full or partial boundary of the capacity region under various channel parameters.
Tissue Sensing Adaptive Radar for Breast Cancer Detection&#8212;Experimental Investigation of Simple Tumor Models

Microwave breast cancer detection is based on differences in electrical properties between healthy and malignant tissues. Tissue sensing adaptive radar (TSAR) has been proposed as a method of microwave breast imaging for early tumor detection. TSAR senses all tissues in the volume of interest and adapts accordingly. Simulation results have shown the feasibility of this system for detecting tumors of 4 mm in diameter. In this paper, the second-generation experimental system for TSAR is presented. Materials with electrical properties similar to those in the breast are used for the breast model. A resistively loaded Wu–King monopole antenna is fabricated, and reflections from the breast model over the frequency range of 1–10 GHz are recorded. The reflected signals are processed with the TSAR algorithm, which includes improved skin subtraction and TSAR focusing algorithms. Various tumor models are examined; specifically, a 1-cm tumor is detected with a signal-to-clutter ratio of 10.41 dB. Tumor detection with the experimental system is evaluated and compared to simulation results.
The Fragile Benefits of Endowment Destruction

The benefits of endowment destruction documented by Ljungqvist and Uhlig (2015), and the related possibility that consumption can lower habits, are fragile. Both issues result from a particular way of discretely approximating the underlying continuous-time model or of adapting it to jumps. Other ways of calculating the discrete-time approximation or extending the model to jumps easily overturn the results, while making no difference to the model's description of asset prices and quantities. This analysis gives an example of how to extend models so that the jump gives the same result as a jump limit of continuous-sample-path movements.