Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear trafficking of influenza virus ribonuleoproteins in heterokaryons

The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein (M1), and ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) undergo regulated nuclear import and export during infection. Their trafficking was analyzed by using interspecies heterokaryons containing nuclei from infected and uninfected cells. Under normal conditions, it was demonstrated that the vRNPs which were assembled in the nucleus and transported to the cytosol were prevented from reimport into the nucleus. To be import competent, they must first assemble into virions and enter by the endosomal entry pathway. In influenza virus mutant ts51, in which M1 is defective, direct reimport took place but was inhibited by heterologous expression of wild-type M1. These data confirm M1's role as the inhibitor of premature nuclear import and as the main regulator of nuclear transport of vRNPs. In addition to this vRNP shuttling, M1 also shuttled between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in ts51-infected cells. When NP was expressed in the absence of virus infection, it was also found to be a shuttling protein.
Arf guanine nucleotide-exchange factors BIG1 and BIG2 regulate nonmuscle myosin IIA activity by anchoring myosin phosphatase complex

Significance Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) alters actomyosin contractility and cell mobility. Finding that myosin IIA interacted directly with brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (BIG)1 and BIG2, best known as activators of ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPases for intracellular vesicular trafficking, we showed that BIG1 or -2 depletion increased RLC phosphorylation, which interfered with cell mobility independent of Arf activation. By acting noncatalytically as scaffolds for the assembly and operation of multimolecular phosphatase complexes that included phosphatase 1δ and myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, BIG1 and BIG2 contribute to regulation of F-actin formation and cytoskeleton dynamics required for cell polarization and directed migration. Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factors BIG1 and BIG2 activate, through their Sec7 domains, ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs) by accelerating the replacement of Arf-bound GDP with GTP for initiation of vesicular transport or activation of specific enzymes that modify important phospholipids. They are also implicated in regulation of cell polarization and actin dynamics for directed migration. Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous HeLa cell BIG1 and BIG2 with myosin IIA was demonstrably independent of Arf guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity, because effects of BIG1 and BIG2 depletion were reversed by overexpression of the cognate BIG molecule C-terminal sequence that follows the Arf activation site. Selective depletion of BIG1 or BIG2 enhanced specific phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (T18/S19) and F-actin content, which impaired cell migration in Transwell assays. Our data are clear evidence of these newly recognized functions for BIG1 and BIG2 in transduction or integration of mechanical signals from integrin adhesions and myosin IIA-dependent actin dynamics. Thus, by anchoring or scaffolding the assembly, organization, and efficient operation of multimolecular myosin phosphatase complexes that include myosin IIA, protein phosphatase 1δ, and myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, BIG1 and BIG2 serve to integrate diverse biophysical and biochemical events in cells.
Linking agriculture and nutrition education to improve infant and young child feeding: Lessons for future programmes

Agriculture and food systems play a central role in nutrition by supplying nutritious, healthy and affordable foods. When integrated with nutrition education for behaviour change, agricultural interventions that supply diverse affordable foods from all food groups have great scope for improving young child and family diets. In 2014, process reviews were conducted in Cambodia and Malawi of food security projects that provided agricultural support and community-based nutrition education on improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF). In both countries, household visits were carried out with mothers/caregivers, and interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively selected project stakeholders (53 in Cambodia, 170 in Malawi), including government staff from the agriculture and health sectors. Results highlight that adoption of improved IYCF practices was facilitated by participation in nutrition education and practical cooking sessions, and supportive family and community structures. Barriers faced by families and caregivers were identified, such as women's workload and lack of access to high quality foods, namely fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and animal source foods. Implementation challenges regarding coordination of cross-sectoral targeting strategies and capacities of extension services to sustain community-based IYCF nutrition education need to be addressed to improve programme effectiveness and impact. The project lessons from Cambodia and Malawi are useful for integrated agriculture-IYCF nutrition education programmes to help ensure better young child nutrition outcomes.
Dimensions of variability in Northern Khoekhoe language and culture

This article takes an interdisciplinary route towards explaining the complex history of Hai ‖om culture and language. We begin this article with a short review of ideas relating to ‘origins’ and historical reconstructions as they are currently played out among Khoekhoe groups in Namibia, in particular with regard to the Hai ‖om. We then take a comparative look at parts of the kinship system and the tonology of ǂĀkhoe Hai‖om and other variants of Khoekhoe. With regard to the kinship and naming system, we see patterns that show similarities with Nama and Damara on the one hand but also with ‘San’ groups on the other hand. With regard to tonology, new data from three northern Khoekoe varieties shows similarities as well as differences with Standard Namibian Khoekhoe and Ju and Tuu varieties. The historical scenarios that might explain these facts suggest different centres of innovations and opposite directions of diffusion. The anthropological and linguistic data demonstrates that only a fine-grained and multi-layered approach that goes far beyond any simplistic dichotomies can do justice to the Hai‖om riddle.
An experimental analysis of couple aggression using a response choice paradigm

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COUPLE AGGRESSION USING A RESPONSE CHOICE PARADIGM Claudia R. Viggiano Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 2010 Director: Dr. Constance Pilkington Research suggests that a majority of the violence reported by couples involves mutual, low-level acts of aggression; however, there is a dearth of research examining this "common couple violence" using a true experimental paradigm. The current study was designed to more closely approximate a naturalistic situation involving common couple violence by allowing participants to choose whether to retaliate in the face of provocation by their partner. Couples were randomly assigned to four conditions representing different patterns of provocation. Based on the assigned condition, participants received varying amounts of bad tasting juice allegedly poured for them by their partners across 5 experimental trials. Building on the response choice methodology of Zeichner, Parrott, and Frey (2003), participants had the option to respond to their partners' aggression by pouring either a neutral flavored beverage (water) or the bad juice. Of interest was the number of trials that would elapse prior to an individual's decision to retaliate (flashpoint latency) as well as the amount of bad juice poured (flashpoint intensity). Individual and relationship variables were examined as they related to a participant's decision to aggress and the intensity of the aggressive response. Flashpoint latency did not vary as a function of condition. Gender differences were not found with regard to overall aggression, although male participants aggressed earlier than female participants. Participants in the Decreasing Provocation condition poured more juice on the flashpoint trial than those in the Increasing Provocation Condition. Partial support was obtained for the prediction that participants would respond in kind to the level of provocation received. Flashpoint latency did not vary as a function of individual or relationship variables. Increased irritability was related to increased flashpoint aggression. In addition, the greater the degree of irritability and emotional susceptibility reported by participants, the more aggression they displayed over the course of the experiment. Hypotheses regarding the relationship between trait anger and aggression were not supported. Flashpoint behavior did not vary as a function of relationship commitment or aggression levels. Implications of these and other findings, as well as methodological limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Experiencing emotional labor: an analysis of the discursive construction of emotional labor

Experiencing Emotional Labor: An Analysis of the Discursive Construction of Emotional Labor. (December 2005) Mary Kathryn Haman, B.A., The Pennsylvania State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Linda Putnam This study analyzes how employees at a university recreation center discursively construct their experiences of emotional labor, how they conceptualize such behavior in terms of displaying unfelt emotions and faking in good and bad faith, and what these discursive constructions reveal about their perceptions of authenticity. The findings demonstrate that workers construct emotional labor as a natural ability and as performing a role. People who construct emotional labor as a natural ability depict themselves as the controller of their workplace emotion. They display unfelt emotions in good faith when they do so to uphold another’s face, and they believe that they possess a true self. Employees who construct emotional labor as performing a role view their supervisors as controller of their workplace emotion. They fake emotions in good faith when doing so uphold their own face, and they fake in bad faith when it upholds the face of a co-worker who they feel needs to be disciplined. These people do not possess a sense of authentic self. They view themselves as multi-faceted and they say that they use social comparison to determine how to behave in particular situations. These findings reveal previously unexplored complexities in scholars’ conceptions of emotional labor and authenticity.
XPath for DL Ontologies

Applications of description logics (DLs) such as ontology-based data access (OBDA) require understanding of how to pose database queries over DL knowledge bases. While there have been many studies regarding traditional relational query formalisms such as conjunctive queries and their extensions, little attention has been paid to graph database queries, despite the fact that graph databases have essentially the same structure as knowledge bases. In particular, not much is known about the interplay between DLs and XPath. The latter is a powerful formalism for querying semistructured data: it is in the core of most practical query languages for XML trees, and it is also gaining popularity in theory and practice of graph databases. In this paper we make a step towards coupling knowledge bases and graph databases by studying how to answer powerful XPath-style queries over simple DLs like DL-Lite and EL. We start with adapting the definition of XPath to the DL context, and then proceed to study the complexity of evaluating XPath queries over knowledge bases. Results show that, while query answering is undecidable for the full XPath, by carefully tuning the shape of negation allowed in the queries we can arrive at XPath fragments that have a potential to be used in practice.
Algorithms for the computation of all Mathieu functions of integer orders

The article presents methods for the computation of all Mathieu functions of integer order, which cover a large range of <italic>n</italic> and <italic>h</italic>; previous algorithms were limited to small values of <italic>n</italic>. The algorithms are given in sufficient detail to enable straightforward implementation. The algorithms can handle a large range of the order <italic>n</italic> (0-200) and the parameter <italic>h</italic> (0-4<italic>n</italic>).
Impact of early HIV-1 RNA and T-lymphocyte dynamics during primary HIV-1 infection on the subsequent course of HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in the first year of HIV-1 infection. Sydney Primary HIV Infection Study Group.

Plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ T-cell counts after HIV-1 seroconversion are important independent markers that predict the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. The prognostic significance of these parameters during primary HIV-1 infection, however, remains largely unknown. In a cohort of 53 male study subjects (age, 33 +/- 7 years), who consecutively presented with primary HIV-1 infection, we analyzed the relationship between early plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts, beta2-microglobulin, and p24-antigen levels determined in the first 3 months and subsequent plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+ T-cell counts 6 to 12 months after onset of primary symptoms. Peak, nadir, and median HIV-1 RNA levels in the first 30 days were already significantly associated with HIV-1 RNA levels at 6 to 12 months (p = .02, p < .0001, and p = .01, respectively). Similarly, early nadir and median CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in the first 30 days showed a significant relationship with CD4+ T-cell counts at 6 to 12 months (p = .009 and p = .0008, respectively). Study subjects with an early decline of CD4+ counts to <500 cells/microl had an eightfold higher risk that CD4+ counts were <500 cells/microl at 1 year. Of all evaluated virologic parameters, only nadir HIV-1 RNA at 76 days predicted CD4+ counts at 6 to 12 months (p = .006). Early HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+ counts are already associated with the time course of those parameters 6 to 12 months after onset of symptoms. Nadir viral load was the strongest predictor of HIV-1 RNA levels as well as of CD4+ counts at 6 to 12 months. An early decline of CD4+ T lymphocytes may be a useful clinical prognostic marker for rapid disease progression.
Confirmation of Trypanosome Parasitaemia in Previously Serologically Positive Individuals in the Abraka Area of Delta State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to follow-up trypanosome serologically positive individuals, with the aim of confirming the presence of trypanosome parasitaemia in them over the study period of 12 months. The study was carried out at the Eku Baptist medical centre Abraka, Delta State between June 2002 and May 2003. Confirmation was by the detection of trypanosomes in blood, lymph node glands and cerebrospinal fluid microscopy. Of the booked population (n=128), 82 (64.1%) were studied, 46 (35.9%) lost to follow-up. Of the studied 82 cases, 14 (17.1%) were confirmed as having sleeping sickness, 40(48.8%) remained unconfirmed cases while 28(34.1%) seroconverted and were discharged from follow up. Of the 14(17.1%) confirmed cases, 9(64.3%) were confirmed in the last six months of the 12 months period of follow-up, compared to 5(35.7%) in the first six months (X2 = 4.5, df = 1, P = 0.04). Long-term monitoring of serosuspects is essential in this endemic area for arresting transmission of the disease and prevention of associated morbidities and mortalities. Keywords : Gambiense sleeping sickness, serosuspects, reservoirs for infection, follow up, Nigeria Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 28-32
Meaningfulness of Work as Perceived by Women from Diverse Social Classes: A Grounded Theory Exploration

Meaningfulness of Work as Perceived by Women from Diverse Social Classes: A Grounded Theory Exploration by Jennifer L. Hutmire MA, Chatham University, 2008 BA, Geneva College, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology
Effects of Pregnancy on Antiepileptic Drug Utilization

Summary: Pregnancy is associated with characteristic changes in the disposition of antiepileptic drugs; recent findings on this aspect of drug utilization are presented. In one study involving 48 pregnancies, the mean level—dose ratio of phenytoin decreased by 34%. In another study of 111 patients, phenytoin clearance increased gradually over the first 32 weeks of pregnancy and reached twice the preconception value. In two studies with phenobarbital, levels tended to decrease, although this effect was less pronounced than for phenytoin. Similarly for primidone, pregnancy had little effect on steady‐state levels; however, levels of phenobarbital formed from primidone exhibited large decreases during pregnancy followed by increases after delivery. This effect was quite consistent. Carbamazepine clearance tended to increase to a relatively small extent. Limited data indicate that valproate levels decrease by 30 to 40% during pregnancy. The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been elucidated and possibly include decreased bioavailability or compliance, increased metabolic clearance, or decreased plasma protein binding. Since the patient at risk of an increase in seizure frequency cannot be identified prior to conception, therapeutic monitoring is imperative during and after pregnancy.
Data Adaptation for Named Entity Recognition on Tweets with Features-Rich CRF

This article describes our CRF named entity extractor for Twitter data. We first discuss some specificities of the task, with an example found in the training data. Then we present how we built our CRF model, especially the way features were defined. The results of these first experiments are given. We also tested our model with dev 2015 data and we describe the procedure we have used to adapt older Twitter data to the data available for this 2015 shared task. Our final results for the task are discussed.
Material-Specific Recognition Memory Deficits Elicited by Unilateral Hippocampal Electrical Stimulation

Although the medial temporal lobe is thought to be critical for recognition memory (RM), the specific role of the hippocampus in RM remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of transient unilateral hippocampal electrical stimulation (ES), subthreshold for afterdischarge, on delayed item RM in epilepsy patients implanted with bilateral hippocampal depth electrodes. RM was assessed using a novel computer-controlled test paradigm in which ES to left or right hippocampus was either absent (baseline) or synchronized with item presentation. Subsequent yes-no RM performance revealed a double dissociation between material-specific RM and the lateralization of ES. Left hippocampal ES produced word RM deficits, whereas right hippocampal ES produced face RM deficits. Our findings provide the first demonstration in humans that selective unilateral stimulation-induced hippocampal disruption is sufficient to produce impairments on delayed RM tasks and provide support for the material-specific laterality of hippocampal function with respect to RM.
*An Empirical Analysis of Payment Card Usage

I exploit a unique data set on the payment card industry to study issues associated with network effects and two-sided markets. I show that consumers concentrate their spending on a single payment network (single-homing), although many maintain unused cards that allow the ability to use multiple networks (multi-homing). Further, I establish a regional correlation between consumer usage and merchant acceptance within the four major networks (Visa, Mastercard, American Express and Discover). This correlation is suggestive of the existence of a positive feedback loop between consumer usage and merchant acceptance.
Simulation and modeling of reacting particles in turbulent nonpremixed combustion

A recipe collection for compiling menus is equipped with a large number of cards of the same format (1, 12, 16) which have on their upper edge (2) at least one tab (4) to be used for sorting purposes and on the surface of the card menu components, ingredients and instructions for their preparation. Each card (1, 12, 16) has in the region of its tab (4) an edge-sealed opening (5) which is arranged in alignment with openings of additional cards. Each card has a distance marker (9, 10, 11) according to its calorie content of the menu component or ingredient in each case in a scale allocated to the total length of the card.
Racial–Ethnic Disparities in Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites of New Mexico

Introduction: Hispanics in New Mexico are diagnosed with more later-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our study evaluated the interaction of race/ethnicity and risk factors for later-stage III and IV CRC among patients in New Mexico. Method: CRC patients ages 30 to 75 years (n = 163, 46% Hispanic) completed a survey on key explanatory clinical, lifestyle, preventive health, and demographic variables for CRC risk. Adjusted logistic regression models examined whether these variables differentially contributed to later-stage CRC among NHW versus Hispanics. Results: Compared with NHW, Hispanics had a higher prevalence of later-stage CRC (p = .007), diabetes (p = .006), high alcohol consumption (p = .002), low education (p = .003), and CRC diagnosis due to symptoms (p = .06). Compared with NHW, Hispanics reporting high alcohol consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 7.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-43.92), lower education (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.28-9.65), being nondiabetic (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.46-7.15), or ever smokers (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.03-5.89) were at higher risk for late-stage CRC. Adjusting for CRC screening did not change the direction or intensity of the odds ratios. Conclusion: The ethnicity–risk factor interactions, identified for late-stage CRC, highlight significant factors for targeted intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of later-stage CRC among Hispanics in New Mexico with broad applicability to other Hispanic populations.
Urethral strictures and their surgical treatment

In most instances a urethral stricture is a narrowing of the calibre of the urethra caused by the presence of a scar consequent on infection or injury. However, not all strictures are caused by scarring, if a scar is taken to mean only ®brosis. So-called congenital strictures of the bulbar urethra have a substantial smooth muscle content [1] and are thought to arise from failure of normal canalization rather than ®brotic restriction of a normal-calibre urethra [2]. There is also a difference between a partial constriction of the urethra caused by, e.g. in ̄ammation (in which the epithelial lining is retained) and a ®brotic obliteration between the distracted ends of a ruptured urethra. Thus not all strictures are the same.
Binocular Rivalry in a Competitive Neural Network with Synaptic Depression

We study binocular rivalry in a competitive neural network with synaptic depression. In particular, we consider two coupled hypercolums within primary visual cortex (V1), representing orientation selective cells responding to either left or right eye inputs. Coupling between hypercolumns is dominated by inhibition, especially for neurons with dissimilar orientation preferences. Within hypercolumns, recurrent connectivity is excitatory for similar orientations and inhibitory for different orientations. All synaptic connections are modifiable by local synaptic depression. When the hypercolumns are driven by orthogonal oriented stimuli, it is possible to induce oscillations that are representative of binocular rivalry. We first analyze the occurrence of oscillations in a space-clamped version of the model using a fast-slow analysis, taking advantage of the fact that depression evolves much slower than population activity. We then analyze the onset of oscillations in the full spatially extended system by carr.