Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Clustering-Based Approach for Integrating Document-Category Hierarchies

E-commerce applications generate and consume a tremendous amount of online information, which is typically available as textual documents. Conceivably, organizations and individuals generally use category sets or hierarchies to organize, archive, and access their documents. Meanwhile, organizations and individuals constantly acquire relevant documents from various Internet sources, each of which may organize its documents in a category set or hierarchy different from that used by the acquiring organization or individual. Consequently, the integration of source documents organized in a category hierarchy into an existing category hierarchy deployed by the acquiring organization or individual becomes an important issue in the e-commerce era. Existing category-integration techniques are mainly designed to integrate document catalogs, each of which is organized nonhierarchically (i.e., in a flat set). In this paper, we propose a clustering-based category-hierarchy integration (CHI) technique, which is an extension of the clustering-based category-integration (CCI) technique. Our empirical evaluation results show that the proposed CHI technique appears to improve the effectiveness of category-hierarchy integration compared with that attained by nonhierarchical category-integration techniques, particularly in homogeneous and comparable scenarios.
EphB/Ephrin‐B Interaction Mediates Adult Stem Cell Attachment, Spreading, and Migration: Implications for Dental Tissue Repair

Human adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) reside predominantly within the perivascular niche of dental pulp and are thought to originate from migrating neural crest cells during development. The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrin molecules, play an essential role in the migration of neural crest cells during development and stem cell niche maintenance. The present study examined the expression and function of the B‐subclass Eph/ephrin molecules on DPSCs. Multiple receptors were primarily identified on DPSCs within the perivascular niche, whereas ephrin‐B1 and ephrin‐B3 were expressed by the surrounding pulp tissue. EphB/ephrin‐B bidirectional signaling inhibited cell attachment and spreading, predominately via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway for forward signaling and phosphorylation of Src family tyrosine kinases via reverse ephrin‐B signaling. DPSC migration was restricted through unidirectional ephrin‐B1‐activated EphB forward signaling, primarily signaling through the MAPK pathway. Furthermore, we observed that ephrin‐B1 was downregulated in diseased adult teeth compared with paired uninjured controls. Collectively, these studies suggest that EphB/ephrin‐B molecules play a role in restricting DPSC attachment and migration to maintain DPSCs within their stem cell niche under steady‐state conditions. These results may have implications for dental pulp development and regeneration.
Perioperative outcome of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia undergoing open versus minimally invasive surgery.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) undergoing open versus minimally invasive surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patient records of 33 children undergoing surgery for CDH between March 2002 and September 2008 were reviewed. Patient data were compared regarding operating time, intraoperative maximum CO(2) partial pressure (pCO(2 max)) values, postoperative ventilation time, complications, and recurrences. RESULTS Median age at time of operation was 4 days (range, 0-1017 days), and median weight was 3800 g (range, 2000-13,200 g). Laparotomy was performed in 12 children. Seventeen patients underwent thoracoscopic repair, and four children had a laparoscopic approach. Operating time was significantly longer (P=.004) in the minimally invasive group. Median values of pCO(2 max) during operation were not significantly different (P=.25) in the minimally invasive surgery group. The pCO(2 max) values in the postoperative course were significantly lower (P=.013) in the minimally invasive group, whereas median ventilation times postoperatively were significantly longer (P=.024) in the open surgery group. CONCLUSIONS Median values of pCO(2 max) in the postoperative course were significantly lower in the minimally invasive surgery group. In addition, postoperative ventilation time was shorter when children underwent minimally invasive surgery. In conclusion, minimally invasive surgery seems to offer advantages for selected patients with CDH.
Translation of the 5D Itching Scale from English to Malay, and Its Validation among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Malaysia

Introduction Several tools have been developed to assess the severity of pruritus. In Malaysia, no tool has been validated to assess pruritus in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the aim of our study was to validate the Malay 5D itching scale (M5D-IS) among patients with CKD in Malaysia. Method The English version of the 5D-IS was translated into Malay according to International Guidelines. Face and content validity was determined by an expert panel and pilot tested in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The M5D-IS was then validated in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from May to June 2016. We recruited patients with (i.e., patients with ESRD) and without pruritus (i.e., patients with stage 1–3 CKD) (to determine if the M5D-IS could discriminate between the two groups), and administered the M5D-IS at baseline and 2 weeks later. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the reliability of the instrument. Results A total of 70 participants were recruited (response rate = 100%). The majority were males (51.4%) and Malay (67.1%). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 5D-IS had 2-factor loadings: “daily routine activity” and “pattern of itching,” which explained 77.7% of the variance. The overall score of the M5D-IS, as well as for each domain, was significantly worse in participants with pruritus (9.83 ± 0.35), compared to those without pruritus (5.51 ± 0.93, p < 0.001). The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the M5D-IS was (0.861), indicating adequate internal consistency. At test–retest, the intraclass correlation coefficient was significantly correlated. Conclusion The M5D-IS was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess pruritus among patients with CKD in Malaysia.
A chorus section detection method for musical audio signals and its application to a music listening station

This paper describes a method for obtaining a list of repeated chorus ("hook") sections in compact-disc recordings of popular music. The detection of chorus sections is essential for the computational modeling of music understanding and is useful in various applications, such as automatic chorus-preview/search functions in music listening stations, music browsers, or music retrieval systems. Most previous methods detected as a chorus a repeated section of a given length and had difficulty identifying both ends of a chorus section and dealing with modulations (key changes). By analyzing relationships between various repeated sections, our method, called RefraiD, can detect all the chorus sections in a song and estimate both ends of each section. It can also detect modulated chorus sections by introducing a perceptually motivated acoustic feature and a similarity that enable detection of a repeated chorus section even after modulation. Experimental results with a popular music database showed that this method correctly detected the chorus sections in 80 of 100 songs. This paper also describes an application of our method, a new music-playback interface for trial listening called SmartMusicKIOSK , which enables a listener to directly jump to and listen to the chorus section while viewing a graphical overview of the entire song structure. The results of implementing this application have demonstrated its usefulness
Mastering the Canonical Loop of Serine Protease Inhibitors: Enhancing Potency by Optimising the Internal Hydrogen Bond Network

Background Canonical serine protease inhibitors commonly bind to their targets through a rigid loop stabilised by an internal hydrogen bond network and disulfide bond(s). The smallest of these is sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI-1), a potent and broad-range protease inhibitor. Recently, we re-engineered the contact β-sheet of SFTI-1 to produce a selective inhibitor of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4), a protease associated with prostate cancer progression. However, modifications in the binding loop to achieve specificity may compromise structural rigidity and prevent re-engineered inhibitors from reaching optimal binding affinity. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, the effect of amino acid substitutions on the internal hydrogen bonding network of SFTI were investigated using an in silico screen of inhibitor variants in complex with KLK4 or trypsin. Substitutions favouring internal hydrogen bond formation directly correlated with increased potency of inhibition in vitro. This produced a second generation inhibitor (SFTI-FCQR Asn14) which displayed both a 125-fold increased capacity to inhibit KLK4 (K i = 0.0386±0.0060 nM) and enhanced selectivity over off-target serine proteases. Further, SFTI-FCQR Asn14 was stable in cell culture and bioavailable in mice when administered by intraperitoneal perfusion. Conclusion/Significance These findings highlight the importance of conserving structural rigidity of the binding loop in addition to optimising protease/inhibitor contacts when re-engineering canonical serine protease inhibitors.
The relationship between brain structure, motor performance, and early musical training

The current dissertation investigated the relationship between brain structure, motor performance, and musical training. Two structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were used: voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The first study examined the structural correlates of visuomotor synchronisation performance in normal adults. DTI analyses showed that individual differences in synchronisation performance were negatively correlated with white-matter integrity in a region underlying bilateral sensorimotor cortex. Performance was also positively correlated with radial diffusivity in this region, suggesting the influence of a crossing fibre tract. Fibre tractography identified two fibre populations in this region: the corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). The SLF links parietal and auditory cortical regions previously shown to be engaged during performance of this task in a functional MRI study with the same sample. VBM analyses showed that grey-matter volume in cerebellar regions important for learning was related to the rate of improvement in synchronisation during learning of the task. The second study explored how musical training during early childhood may have long-lasting effects on brain structure and sensorimotor synchronisation performance. DTI was used to compare white-matter structure in three groups: (1) early-trained musicians (ET; before age seven), (2) late-trained musicians (LT; after age seven), and (3) nonmusicians. Groups were also tested on a visuomotor synchronisation task. ET and LT were matched for years of musical training and experience to isolate the possible effect of age of onset of musical training. Behaviourally, ET outperformed LT and nonmusicians on the synchronisation task. DTI results showed that ET had greater white-matter integrity than LT in the posterior midbody of the corpus callosum, a region connecting bilateral sensorimotor cortices. Measures of white-matter integrity extracted from this region correlated with both synchronisation performance and age of onset of musical training. These findings provide evidence that musical training during a potential sensitive period in development can differentially influence white-matter structure and behavioural performance. Our results are consistent with literature supporting the links between individual differences in brain structure and performance, and training and structural plasticity. They suggest that brain structure is the result of interactions between pre-existing factors, developmental factors, and training and experience.
Reductions in Drug Use Among Young People Living with HIV

ZIP models were used to detect reductions in drug abuse among young people living with HIV (YPLH) over 15 months when most young people abstain from use. YPLH (n = 171) aged 16 to 29 years were randomly assigned to an 18 session intervention or a delayed-intervention condition. The ZIP models showed significant reductions in abuse of multiple substances over time in the non-delayed intervention. Previous analyses did not find significant reductions. Intervention efficacy often cannot be detected if there are highly skewed distributions of outcomes, such as drug abuse. ZIP modeling offers an opportunity to more reliably detect behavioral changes.
Demographic and socio‐economic associations with academic attainment (UCAS tariff scores) in applicants to medical school

Background In the United Kingdom medical students are selected predominantly on their academic merit. Their academic achievement marks are equated via the tariff point score structure administered by the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). We studied the applicant databases for 1998–2003 for one English medical school to determine the factors that predict high tariff point scores.
Equations for the Magnetic Field Produced by One or More Rectangular Loops of Wire in the Same Plane

Beginning with expressions for the vector potential, the equations for calculating the magnetic flux density from up to three rectangular loops of wire in the same plane are derived. The geometry considered is the same as that found in some walk-through metal detectors and electronic article surveillance systems. Equations for more or fewer loops can be determined by inspection. A computer program for performing the magnetic field calculation is provided in an appendix.
Children and Marital Happiness

This study examines the causal processes that lead to the widely observed negative association between presence of children and marital happiness. Using a nationwide panel of 1535 married individuals, we find support for two primary causal mechanisms. First, the presence of children is associated with differences in marital structure (lower interaction, more dissatisfaction with finances and the division of labor, and more traditionalism of the division of labor) that are, in turn, associated with lower marital happiness. We also find, however, that the relationship between marital happiness and children is partially spurious. The presence of preschoolers and especially the birth of a first child serve to reduce the likelihood that unhappily married people will divorce within a three-year period. As a result, a larger proportion of unhappily married people is retained temporarily in the parent population and thus contributes to the observed negative relation between presence of children and marital happiness.
Knowledge Graphs versus Hierarchies: An Analysis of User Behaviours and Perspectives in Information Seeking

In exploratory search, how information is presented to the user and how the user interacts with the presented information heavily influence the user's success. In this paper, we examine two different spatial representations of search results: knowledge graphs and hierarchical trees. Through interaction logs we show that knowledge graphs can effectively reduce the need to read source content with no reduction in the quality of the information gathered by the user. Through qualitative interviews and thinkalounds we explore factors that influence user perception of different search results representations including biases, task, perceived structure of the data, and problem-solving approach. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of the role each of these representations can play in information seeking.
Disconfirmation Effect on Online Rating Behavior: A Structural Model

This research studies the effect of “disconfirmation” — the discrepancy between the expected and experienced assessment of the same product — on the behavior of consumers leaving product reviews in an online setting. Specifically, we posit that an individual’s pre-purchase expectation is shaped by the product ratings she observes and the perception of the review system she holds at the time of the purchase. Upon product consumption, the individual obtains the post-purchase evaluation and then uses this information to disconfirm her expectation. We extend the Bayesian learning framework to model individual perception of the review system as a subjective attitude underlying how well the rating signals can match one’s own usage experience. Incorporating such dynamic perception in raters’ decisions allows us to better understand the change of consumer engagement in online word-of-mouth over time. A hierarchical Bayes model is developed and estimated using a rich data set comprising compete purchasing and rating activities on an e-commerce website. Our estimation results show that the relationship between consumer posting propensity and disconfirmation is best described by a U-shaped curve. We also observe several moderating effects: the disconfirmation effect on posting is attenuated by the duration from purchase to receipt of the product but accentuated by the dissention in product evaluations among peer consumers. A more granular examination reveals that infrequent raters are systematically more susceptible to disconfirmation than frequent posters. Our findings lead to useful managerial implications to marketers and designers of recommender systems.
A Two Dimensional Clustering Search Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Networks

Peer-to-peer networks have evolved rapidly due to the flexibility and reliability in sharing data objects among participating users. However, without a centralized service provider, locating data objects is not a trivial task for P2P applications. In this paper, we propose a semi-structured protocol that explores the benefits both of unstructured small world models and consistent hashing techniques used in structured methods. The proposed methodology uses clustering to form a 2-dimensional overlay network topology, to localize search and to speed up lookup. As demonstrated by extensive simulation experiments, the proposed protocol is able to deliver a consistently better search performance than many other techniques presented in recent research literature, particularly meeting the needs of large scale P2P networks.
Barriers to transfer of collaborative recovery training into Australian mental health services: implications for the development of evidence-based services.

RATIONALE Transfer of training (ToT) is defined as the application of competencies acquired during training into the workplace. Poor ToT to clinical practice in mental health settings has negative implications for evidence-based service provision. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the variables influencing differences in ToT across mental health settings. Variables of interest included organization type, caseload and several variables related to the opportunity to use training. METHOD One hundred and seventy-three mental health clinicians from community-based governmental and non-governmental mental health services in eastern Australia were trained in recovery-oriented interventions. Measures of ToT included time taken until implementation of intervention protocols, assessed using a clinical audit and a questionnaire survey completed by clinicians to identify barriers to implementation 6 months after training. RESULTS Approximately 37% of the trained clinicians participating in the study were found to be implementing training protocols in clinical practice. In addition, the average time taken to implement the protocols was 5.6 months following training. The most frequently cited barriers were institutional constraints. Higher caseloads and more frequent client contact were related to a higher level of ToT. CONCLUSION ToT can be difficult to achieve in clinical practice. Greater facilitation of ToT may be achieved through better integration of the new ideology and protocols, regular monitoring of progress, staff incentives and examination of external attributions by clinicians of their responsibility to transfer training.
Application of Hierarchical Higher-order Tangential Vector Finite Elements in a Hybrid FEM/MoM Method

Hybrid FEM/MoM methods combine the finite element method (FEM) and the method of moments (MoM) to model inhomogeneous unbounded problems. These two methods are coupled by enforcing field continuity on the boundary that separates the FEM and MoM regions. Hierarchical higher-order tangential vector finite elements (TVFE’s) are of practical interest because they can be easily combined with low-order elements to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions. This paper presents a hybrid FEM/MoM formulation applying a set of hierarchical TVFE’s developed by Webb and Forghani. Higher-order FEM elements are coupled to MoM elements based on Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions. The FEM matrix assembly procedure is described in sufficient detail to aid other investigators who wish to develop codes employing this technique. Three practical electromagnetic problems are presented that demonstrate the advantages of the higher-order elements.
Early Referral to a Nephrologist Improved Patient Survival: Prospective Cohort Study for End-Stage Renal Disease in Korea

The timing of referral to a nephrologist may influence the outcome of chronic kidney disease patients, but its impact has not been evaluated thoroughly. The results of a recent study showing an association between early referral and patient survival are still being debated. A total of 1028 patients newly diagnosed as end-stage renal disease (ESRD) from July 2008 to October 2011 were enrolled. Early referral (ER) was defined as patients meeting with a nephrologist more than a year before dialysis and dialysis education were provided, and all others were considered late referral (LR). The relationship of referral pattern with mortality in ESRD patients was explored using a Cox proportional hazards regression models. Time from referral to dialysis was significantly longer in 599 ER patients than in 429 LR patients (62.3±58.9 versus 2.9±3.4 months, P<0.001). Emergency HD using a temporary vascular catheter was required in 485 (47.2%) out of all patients and in 262 (43.7%) of ER compared with 223 (52.0%) of LR (P = 0.009). After 2 years of follow-up, the survival rate in ER was better than that in LR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–4.45, P = 0.007). In patients with diabetes nephropathy, patient survival was also significantly higher in ER than in LR (HR 4.74, 95% CI 1.73–13.00, P = 0.002). With increasing age, HR also increased. Timely referral to a nephrologist in the predialytic stage is associated with reduced mortality.