Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inequalities between entropy and index of coincidence derived from information diagrams

To any discrete probability distribution P we can associate its entropy H(P)=-/spl Sigma/p/sub i/ ln p/sub i/ and its index of coincidence IC(P)=/spl Sigma/p/sub i//sup 2/. The main result of the paper is the determination of the precise range of the map P/spl rarr/(IC(P), H(P)). The range looks much like that of the map P/spl rarr/(P/sub max/, H(P)) where P/sub max/ is the maximal point probability, cf. research from 1965 (Kovalevskij (1965)) to 1994 (Feder and Merhav (1994)). The earlier results, which actually focus on the probability of error 1-P/sub max/ rather than P/sub max/, can be conceived as limiting cases of results obtained by methods presented here. Ranges of maps as those indicated are called information diagrams. The main result gives rise to precise lower as well as upper bounds for the entropy function. Some of these bounds are essential for the exact solution of certain problems of universal coding and prediction for Bernoulli sources. Other applications concern Shannon theory (relations between various measures of divergence), statistical decision theory, and rate distortion theory. Two methods are developed. One is topological; the other involves convex analysis and is based on a "lemma of replacement" which is of independent interest in relation to problems of optimization of mixed type (concave/convex optimization).
Hierarchical schemata for relational databases

Most database design methods for the relational model produce a flat database, that is, a family of relations with no explicit interrelational connections. The user of a flat database is likely to be unaware of certain interrelational semantics. In contrast, the entity-relationship model provides schema graphs as a description of the database, as well as for navigating the database. Nevertheless, the user of an entity-relationship database may still commit semantic errors, such as performing a lossy join. This paper proposes a nonflat, or hierarchical, view of relational databases. Relations are grouped together to form relation hierarchies in which lossless joins are explicitly shown whereas lossy joins are excluded. Relation hierarchies resemble the schema graphs in the entity-relationship model. An approach to the design of relation hierarchies is outlined in the context of data dependencies and relational decomposition. The approach consists of two steps; each is described as an algorithm. Algorithm DEC decomposes a given universal relation according to a given set of data dependencies and produces a set of nondecomposable relation schemes. This algorithm differs from its predecessors in that it produces no redundant relation schemes. Algorithm RH further structures the relation schemes produced by Algorithm DEC into a hierarchical schema. These algorithms can be useful software tools for database designers.
Tacit knowledge transfer and the knowledge disconnect

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at some of the factors that influence the transfer of tacit knowledge between two product development partners.Design/methodology/approach – Research involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was based on 13 interviews with various individuals, representing three companies, charged with integrating external technology. The quantitative portion of the data was collected through an online survey. The survey was executed by soliciting responses from managers of 39 discreet projects involving various types of external technology integration, representing five different companies.Findings – The paper provides evidence that trust, early involvement, and due diligence influence the extent of meeting technology transfer expectations and tacit knowledge transfer expectations. It also finds that the subject of tacit knowledge transfer, content and process, is poorly understood. While managers and project leaders saw the val.
Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Increases Cerebral Perfusion and Reduces Ischaemic Damage in Feline Focal Cerebral Ischaemia

These investigations characterised the cerebrovascular effects of an endothelin ETA-receptor antagonist PD156707 in normal and ischaemic cat brain. A dose of PD156707 that inhibited the effects of exogenous endothelin-1 was established in nonischaemic cerebral resistance arterioles. Perivascular microapplication of the endothelin–receptor antagonist PD156707 (0.03–3 μM) had a minimal effect on nonischaemic pial resistance arterioles. The perivascular coapplication of PD156707 and ET-1 (10 nM) effected a dose-dependent attenuation of the ET-1 vasoconstrictive response (IC50 = 0.1 μM). Intravenous administration of PD156707 (3 μmol/kg bolus + 5 μmol/kg/h infusion) attenuated the vasoconstriction elicited by perivascular ET-1 (10 nM) in normal pial arterioles (ET-1 vasoconstriction: −37 ± 13% from preinjection baseline; after intravenous PD156707: 6 ± 10% from preinjection baseline). In the focal ischaemia studies, cerebral perfusion was measured in the suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri (by laser Doppler flowmetry). Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery reduced cerebral perfusion in the suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri by ∼50%. Intravenous administration of PD156707 (3 μmol/kg bolus + 5 μmol/kg/h infusion), initiated 30 min after middle cerebral artery occlusion, effected a progressive increase in cerebral perfusion up to preocclusion baseline levels, whereas cerebral perfusion in vehicle-treated animals did not vary from its postocclusion level. In these animals, the intravenous administration of PD156707 reduced the hemispheric volume of ischaemic damage by 45% (vehicle: 2,376 ± 1,107 mm3; PD156707: 1,307 ± 548 mm3; p < 0.05). Our investigations indicate that endothelin receptor antagonism may be a new therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of focal ischaemic damage.
Investigating Identity: Gender, Overseas Experience, and Japanese Youth

ABSTRACT Identity is prominent in academia, despite it being difficult to define and measure due to its dynamic and multifaceted nature. In Japan, awareness of the make-up of Japanese youth is increasingly crucial as Japan becomes a more internationalized and ageing society. This paper examines, by identity mapping and discriminant analysis, the cultural identities of 94 Japanese youth. While strong Global identities separated the respondents with from without overseas experience, ties to National identities and Relationships were found respectively for males and females. This paper suggests that regarding the study of cultural identities, gender does matter – at least in Japan.
When GitHub Meets CRAN: An Analysis of Inter-Repository Package Dependency Problems

When developing software packages in a software ecosystem, an important and well-known challenge is how to deal with dependencies to other packages. In presence of multiple package repositories, dependency management tends to become even more problematic. For the R ecosystem of statistical computing, dependency management is currently insufficient to deal with multiple package versions and inter-repository package dependencies. We explore how the use of GitHub influences the R ecosystem, both for the distribution of R packages and for inter-repository package dependency management. We also discuss how these problems could be addressed.
III-Nitride full-scale high-resolution microdisplays

We report the realization and properties of a high-resolution solid-state self-emissive microdisplay based on III-nitride semiconductor micro-size light emitting diodes (µLEDs) capable of delivering video graphics images. The luminance level of III-nitride microdisplays is several orders of magnitude higher than those of liquid crystal and organic-LED displays. The pixel emission intensity was almost constant over an operational temperature range from 100 to −100 °C. The outstanding performance is a direct attribute of III-nitride semiconductors. An energy efficient active drive scheme is accomplished by hybrid integration between µLED arrays and Si CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) active matrix integrated circuits. These integrated devices could play important roles in emerging fields such as biophotonics and optogenetics, as well as ultra-portable products such as next generation pico-projectors.
International Evidence of Spillover Effects of Deposit Rates: A Multivariate GARCH Model

This paper uses the multivariate GARCH methodology to investigate spillover effects of deposit rates and its volatility among the United States, Japan and German. Empirical results show that multivariate GARCH (1,1) is appropriate and the deposit rate of one country is affected by the domestic long-term government bond yield and money market rate. We find at the mean level, the deposit rate transmission is from Japan to Germany, the United States to Germany and Germany to Japan. At the volatility level, deposit rate volatility spillover is from Germany to Japan, from the United Sates to Japan, and from Germany to the United States. Our findings contribute to the deposit rate literature of transmission and spillover effect.
Reputation in an Internet Auction Market

We investigate how market participants possessing varying degrees of anonymity reduce asymmetric information costs in an electronic auction market using a quantifiable measure of reputation. The data suggest that purchasers in this self-enforcing market use reputation to price information asymmetries associated with counterparty risks. The results provide direct empirical evidence of an economic incentive for investing in reputation. The continually observable feedback of participants indicates that high seller reputation signals preferred traits, including advertised service accuracy, product description accuracy, delivery efficiency, and posttransaction communication. Despite some imperfections, the reputation measure represents clear differences in expected performance between high-reputation and low-reputation counterparties. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Fuelling active galactic nuclei

We suggest that most nearby active galactic nuclei are fed by a series of small-scale, randomly oriented accretion events. Outside a certain radius these events promote rapid star formation, while within it they fuel the supermassive black hole. We show that the events have a characteristic time-evolution. This picture agrees with several observational facts. The expected luminosity function is broadly in agreement with that observed for moderate-mass black holes. The spin of the black hole is low, and aligns with the inner disc in each individual feeding event. This implies radio jets aligned with the axis of the obscuring torus, and uncorrelated with the large-scale structure of the host galaxy. The ring of young stars observed about the Galactic Centre are close to where our picture predicts that star formation should occur.
The Impact of Age and Executive Function On Susceptibility to Misinformation

The current study examined the impact of age and executive function on susceptibility to misinformation. A total of 41 healthy young (19-31) and older (59-77) adults were presented with visual misinformation in a paradigm originally used by Okado and Stark (2005). Participants then completed a recognition memory task while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Participants also completed a series of cognitive measures used to assess executive function. Results showed that age and executive function were both significant predictors of recognition memory accuracy. Activity in brain regions associated with conflict processing was greater for accurate versus false memory retrieval in both older and young adults. In older adults, activity in the anterior cingulate cortex was positively correlated with accuracy. The results of the current work demonstrate that conflict resolution is a critical part of overcoming the effects of misinformation and individual difference variables predict susceptibility in young adults as well as older adults.
Leader Responses to Ambivalence During IPE Organizational Transformation: A Phenomenological Study

Executive leaders of higher education institutions that confer healthcare degrees are engaging in organizational transformations to meet the evolving needs of tomorrow’s healthcare professionals. Organizational transformations can trigger ambivalence at individual and collective levels. Researchers purport that ambivalence, a push/pull reaction, may play a functional role during decision making in the face of change. The purpose of this research was to examine what practices leaders, who felt ambivalent during organizational transformation, used to successfully lead change. Interprofessional education (IPE), where academic leaders are transforming healthcare education from silos to collaborative systems, was used as the context for study because of the competing dynamics at the individual and collective levels in the change process that can trigger ambivalence. An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used to learn how a purposive sample of nine leaders in nursing, medicine, and pharmacology colleges responded to ambivalence during change. The study examined the leaders’ selection of strategies for leading change when ambivalence was present. The analysis revealed that leaders respond to ambivalence at the level where it occurred. Leaders contemplated the forces that triggered their ambivalence and were motivated by the compelling forces to pursue organizational change. Findings revealed five categories of change strategies: (a) leading roles, (b) building infrastructure, (c) empowering faculty, (d) spanning boundaries, and (e) joining maneuvers. The study recommends that leaders be mindful of the triggers of ambivalence to allow for more flexibility, engagement, and adaptation in leading change, and to attend to both the psychological and situational aspects of change. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Theresa Pulos Second Supervisor Anastasia Urtz Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/358 Leader Responses to Ambivalence During IPE Organizational Transformation: A Phenomenological Study
A MODEL FOR TOTAL ENERGY OF NEMATIC ELASTOMERS WITH NON-UNIFORM PROLATE SPHEROIDS

We provide a model for the total energy of nematic liquid crystal elastomers whose elastic solid backbones have an average shape of non-uniform prolate spheroids along the director of crosslinked liquid crystalline molecules. This energy is a generalization of the Oseen-Frank free energy for nematic liquid crystals, but incorporates coherently the elastic deformation with changes in the shape and the director of the network. The total free energy we obtain for the elastomer is suitable for the existence of energy minimizers and other mathematical studies of the elastomers and also provides a concrete example that is consistent with both the continuum mechanics theory and the molecular-statistical theory.
Joining Forces Pays Off: Multilingual Joint Word Sense Disambiguation

We present a multilingual joint approach to Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Our method exploits BabelNet, a very large multilingual knowledge base, to perform graph-based WSD across different languages, and brings together empirical evidence from these languages using ensemble methods. The results show that, thanks to complementing wide-coverage multilingual lexical knowledge with robust graph-based algorithms and combination methods, we are able to achieve the state of the art in both monolingual and multilingual WSD settings.
Genetic and Molecular Characterization of a Dental Pathogen Using Genome-wide Approaches

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans causes periodontitis, a costly chronic infection that affects a large number of patients. The pathogenesis of this dental infection is a multifactorial process that results in a serious degenerative disease of the periodontium. Although significant progress has been achieved after the identification of this Gram-negative bacterium as the etiological agent of this infection, much remains to be done to understand in detail the bacterial factors and host-pathogen interactions involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Classic research approaches have resulted in the identification of important virulence factors and cellular processes, although they have provided a rather narrow picture of some of the steps of this complex process. In contrast, a much wider picture could be obtained with the application of tools such as bioinformatics and genomics. These tools will provide global information regarding the differential expression of genes encoding factors and processes that lead to the pathogenesis of this disease. Furthermore, comparative genomics has the potential of helping us to understand the emergence and evolution of this human pathogen. This genome-wide approach should provide a more complete picture of the pathogenesis process of this disease, and will facilitate the development of efficient diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic measures for this disease.
THE MILLENNIUM ARECIBO 21-CM ABSORPTION LINE SURVEY . II . PROPERTIES OF THE WARM AND COLD NEUTRAL MEDIA

We use the Gaussian-fit results of Paper I to investigate the properties of interstellar HI in the Solar neighborhood. The Warm and Cold Neutral Media (WNM and CNM) are physically distinct components. The CNM spin temperature histogram peaks at about 40 K. About 60% of all HI is WNM; there is no discernable change in this fraction at z = 0. At z = 0, we derive a volume filling fraction of about 0.50 for the WNM; this value is very rough. The upper-limit WNM temperatures determined from line width range upward from ∼ 500 K; a minimum of about 48% of the WNM lies in the thermally unstable region 500 to 5000 K. The WNM is a prominent constituent of the interstellar medium and its properties depend on many factors, requiring global models that include all relevant energy sources, of which there are many. We use Principal Components Analysis, together with a form of least squares fitting that accounts for errors in both the independent and dependent parameters , to discuss the relationships among the four CNM Gaussian parameters. The spin temperature T s and column density N(HI) are, approximately, the two most important eigenvectors; as such, they are sufficient, convenient, and physically meaningful primary parameters for describing CNM clouds. The Mach number of internal macroscopic motions for CNM clouds is typically 2.5, but there are wide variations. We discuss the historical τ 0-T s relationship in some detail and show that it has little physical meaning. – 2 – We discuss CNM morphology using the CNM pressure known from UV stellar absorption lines. Knowing the pressure allows us to show that CNM structures cannot be isotropic but instead are sheetlike, with length-to-thickness aspect ratios ranging up to about 280. We present large-scale maps of two regions where CNM lies in very large " blobby sheets ". We test the McKee/Ostriker model of the interstellar medium by explicitly modeling our data with CNM cores contained in WNM envelopes. This modeling scheme works quite well for many sources but has several serious deficiencies.
Aerobic fitness in patients at work despite recurrent low back pain: a cross-sectional study with healthy age- and gender-matched controls.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to compare the aerobic fitness level of working patients who have recurrent low back pain with those of healthy age- and gender-matched controls, and to investigate the relationship of aerobic fitness level with pain intensity, general health, perceived disability, fear-avoidance beliefs and self-efficacy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 57 patients with recurrent low back pain, with a mean of 10 years' pain duration and 57 healthy controls performed a sub-maximal Astrand cycle test. Predicted maximum oxygen consumption was calculated and compared. Correlations between the low back pain patients' predicted aerobic fitness level and the assessed variables were calculated. RESULTS The women with low back pain had lower predicted aerobic fitness levels than the healthy women (p<0.05). For the men there was no such difference. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, gender, body mass index and self-efficacy were associated with the predicted aerobic fitness level. CONCLUSION This study suggests no overall difference in predicted aerobic fitness level for a sample of subjects with recurrent low back pain compared with healthy controls. This is perhaps because all the patients were still at work despite the pain. The results indicate, however, that the factors associated with aerobic fitness differ between men and women.
Reaction Wheels Desaturation Using Magnetorquers and Static Input Allocation

Considering the most widely spread configuration of actuators for low orbit satellites, namely a set of reaction wheels and set of magnetorquers, we revisit the classical cross-product control law solution for achieving attitude stabilization and momentum dumping. We show how the classical solution has a quasi-cascade structure that, under a suitable input-to-state (ISS) assumption, can be stabilized by high gain, thereby making the actuators more inclined to saturate. Motivated by this, we propose a revisited version of this control law that transforms the quasi-cascade into a real cascade. Then, we show that both strategies are such that the attitude control is affected by the momentum dumping, and that they both require a suitable ISS property. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new allocation-based controller, which makes the attitude dynamics completely independent of the momentum dumping and induces global asymptotic stability without any ISS requirement. Several formal statements and simulation results support our discussions and highlight the pros and cons of the different control strategies.
Age differences in emotion recognition: the task matters.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the impact of context information on emotion recognition from a life-span developmental perspective. The main prediction was that age-related deficits in emotion recognition will only be evident in context-poor tasks. METHODS A sample of 48 younger (M(age) = 23 years) and 35 older women (M(age) = 70 years) watched 48 film clips, each depicting a female target who talked about an emotional biographical episode and expressed one of three target emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, or anger). Half of the films were presented without sound (context-poor condition) and the other half was presented with sound (context-rich condition). RESULTS Independent of the condition, younger women were better at recognizing sadness and anger than older women. However, the condition had an effect on age differences in happiness recognition: Age-related deficits were only evident in the context-poor condition. In addition, we found that logical reasoning predicted individual differences and age-related differences in sadness and anger recognition but not in happiness recognition. DISCUSSION The present findings suggest that age differences in emotion recognition are context and emotion specific. Together, the evidence speaks for substantial plasticity in emotion recognition (i.e., within-person variability) well into old age.