Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystallographic analysis of freeze‐fracture electron micrographs: application to the structure determination of cubic lipid–water phases

An original approach combining freeze‐fracture electron microscopy and quantitative image processing has been developed as an alternative to X‐ray analysis. It has been applied to the crystallographic study of different lipid–water cubic phases [bicontinuous or micellar and of type I (oil‐in‐water) or type II (water‐in‐oil)] and has enabled significant advances in the study of these phases. Freeze‐fracture electron microscopy has revealed that the cubic phases fracture preferentially along a few crystallographic directions which appeared on the images as noisy planar fracture surfaces containing periodic information. The visibility of the corresponding unit cells has been considerably improved by image‐filtering techniques based on correlation averaging, allowing a quantitative analysis of the fracture images to be made. This analysis yielded faithful information on the symmetries of the cubic structure (rotation axes and mirror planes) as well as on the structure of the cubic phase itself. Eventually, the different parameters that determine the most favourable fracture pathways within the structures were established. This novel approach constitutes a powerful tool of general interest, complementary to X‐ray diffraction, for solving complex ordered macromolecular structures at low resolution.
DNA GLOBAL SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT USING MAP REDUCE IN OPENSTACK SAHARA

In Biological analysis, DNA Sequence alignment is a way of comparing two or more different DNA sequences by searching for a meaningful character patterns that are in the same order in the sequences. Sequence alignment mainly used to identify functional and evolutionary relationship between two different biological sequence, homology study, Evolutionary linkage and Molecular structure. While aligning a different sequence, execution speed and alignment accuracy are considered as major aspects. Today’s existing freeware tools produce accurate sequence alignment but these tools performance relatively low while considering big data. This paper addresses time efficient DNA sequence alignment methodology using sahara hadoop cluster in openstack cloud improves execution speed and accuracy. Virtual cluster environment denotes resource availability highly possible. In addition, proposed system performs the sequence alignment very quickly due to parallel and distributed processing aspects of hadoop. Other than above mentioned features, the proposed methodology highly suited for large scale DNA sequence alignment. A final result indicates time efficiency of proposed system.
Breaking Object Correspondence Across Saccadic Eye Movements Deteriorates Object Recognition

Visual perception is based on information processing during periods of eye fixations that are interrupted by fast saccadic eye movements. The ability to sample and relate information on task-relevant objects across fixations implies that correspondence between presaccadic and postsaccadic objects is established. Postsaccadic object information usually updates and overwrites information on the corresponding presaccadic object. The presaccadic object representation is then lost. In contrast, the presaccadic object is conserved when object correspondence is broken. This helps transsaccadic memory but it may impose attentional costs on object recognition. Therefore, we investigated how breaking object correspondence across the saccade affects postsaccadic object recognition. In Experiment 1, object correspondence was broken by a brief postsaccadic blank screen. Observers made a saccade to a peripheral object which was displaced during the saccade. This object reappeared either immediately after the saccade or after the blank screen. Within the postsaccadic object, a letter was briefly presented (terminated by a mask). Observers reported displacement direction and letter identity in different blocks. Breaking object correspondence by blanking improved displacement identification but deteriorated postsaccadic letter recognition. In Experiment 2, object correspondence was broken by changing the object’s contrast-polarity. There were no object displacements and observers only reported letter identity. Again, breaking object correspondence deteriorated postsaccadic letter recognition. These findings identify transsaccadic object correspondence as a key determinant of object recognition across the saccade. This is in line with the recent hypothesis that breaking object correspondence results in separate representations of presaccadic and postsaccadic objects which then compete for limited attentional processing resources (Schneider, 2013). Postsaccadic object recognition is then deteriorated because less resources are available for processing postsaccadic objects.
Neighbor Discovery in Wireless Networks with Multipacket Reception

Neighbor discovery is one of the first steps in configuring and managing a wireless network. Most existing studies on neighbor discovery assume a single-packet reception model where only a single packet can be received successfully at a receiver. In this paper, motivated by the increasing prevalence of multipacket reception (MPR) technologies such as CDMA and MIMO, we study neighbor discovery in MPR networks that allow packets from multiple simultaneous transmitters to be received successfully at a receiver. Starting with a clique of n nodes, we first analyze a simple Aloha-like algorithm and show that it takes Θ((n ln n)/k) time to discover all neighbors with high probability when allowing up to k simultaneous transmissions. We then design two adaptive neighbor discovery algorithms that dynamically adjust the transmission probability for each node. We show that the adaptive algorithms yield a Θ(ln n) improvement over the Aloha-like scheme for a clique with n nodes and are thus order-optimal. Finally, we analyze our algorithms in a general multi-hop network setting. We show an upper bound of O((Δ ln n)/k) for the Aloha-like algorithm when the maximum node degree is Δ, which is at most a factor ln n worse than the optimal. In addition, when Δ is large, we show that the adaptive algorithms are orderoptimal, i.e., have a running time of O(Δ/k) which matches the lower bound for the problem.
White noise performance of integrated DC SQUID susceptometers in high magnetic fields

We have characterized the white noise performance of integrated DC SQUID susceptometers in magnetic fields up to 400 G. The field is applied in the plane of the tunnel junctions and pickup loops. For 1 /spl mu/m diameter junctions, the noise does not increase significantly as the field is increased to 125 G. Further increase of the applied field results in higher noise until approximately 200 G where the critical current of the junctions is at a minimum. The noise then improves to approximately 4 times the zero field value at the maximum of the first lobe of the single junction interference pattern. We have also measured the noise of a SQUID with 0.6 /spl mu/m junctions and found no increase up to 250 G. <<ETX>>
What is Generative Art? Complexity Theory as a Context for Art Theory

In this paper an attempt is made to offer a definition of generative art that is inclusive and provides fertile ground for both technical and art theoretical development. First the use of systems is identified as a key element in generative art. Various ideas from complexity theory are then introduced. It is noted that systems exist on a continuum from the highly ordered to the highly disordered. Citing examples from information theory and complexity science, it is noted that highly ordered and highly disordered systems are typically viewed as simple, and complex systems exhibit both order and disorder. This leads to the adoption of effective complexity, order, and disorder as organizing principles in the comparison of various generative art systems. This inclusive view leads to the somewhat surprising observation that generative art is as old as art itself. A number of specific artists and studies are discussed within this systems and complexity theory influenced paradigm. Finally a number of art theoretical questions are introduced to exercise the suggested generative art definition and implicit paradigm.
The Effect on Melanoma Risk of Genes Previously Associated With Telomere Length

Telomere length has been associated with risk of many cancers, but results are inconsistent. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with mean leukocyte telomere length were either genotyped or well-imputed in 11108 case patients and 13933 control patients from Europe, Israel, the United States and Australia, four of the seven SNPs reached a P value under . 05 (two-sided). A genetic score that predicts telomere length, derived from these seven SNPs, is strongly associated (P = 8.92x10-9, two-sided) with melanoma risk. This demonstrates that the previously observed association between longer telomere length and increased melanoma risk is not attributable to confounding via shared environmental effects (such as ultraviolet exposure) or reverse causality. We provide the first proof that multiple germline genetic determinants of telomere length influence cancer risk.
PAS3, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding a peroxisomal integral membrane protein essential for peroxisome biogenesis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae pas3-mutants are described which conform the pas-phenotype recently reported for the peroxisomal assembly mutants pas1-1 and pas2 (Erdmann, R., M. Veenhuis, D. Mertens, and W.-H Kunau, 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:5419-5423). The isolation of pas3- mutants enabled us to clone the PAS3 gene by functional complementation. DNA sequence analysis revealed a 50.6-kD protein with at least one domain of sufficient length and hydrophobicity to span a lipid bilayer. To verify these predictions antibodies were raised against a truncated portion of the PAS3 coding region overexpressed in E. coli. Pas3p was identified as a 48 kD peroxisomal integral membrane protein. It is shown that a lack of this protein causes the peroxisome- deficient phenotype and the cytosolic mislocalization of peroxisomal matrix enzymes. Based on protease digestion experiments Pas3p is discussed to be anchored in the peroxisomal membrane by its amino- terminus while the bulk of the molecule is exposed to the cytosol. These findings are consistent with the possibility that Pas3p is one component of the peroxisomal import machinery.
Fast ICA based technique for non-invasive fetal ECG extraction

An electrocardiogram (ECG) plays an important role in the diagnosis process and providing information regarding heart diseases, monitoring ECG signal has high clinical significance. Out of 125 babies, 1 baby born with some form of congenital heart defect every year. So analysis and synthesis of fetal electrocardiograms (FECG) for disease detection is very important. The FECG is always contaminated by mother's ECG (MECG) so, extracting the clean FECG signal is very necessary for fetal health monitoring. In this study, FastICA algorithm with kurtosis and Negentropy as a measures of non-Gaussianity is discussed. Further the algorithm is proposed based on FastICA with maternal R-peak suppression approach which gives 90.35% extraction of fetal R-peaks when validated by directly taken scalp fetal ECG. The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated on abdominal and direct fetal ECG database from PhysioNet site.
Restricted Boltzmann machine based stock market trend prediction

For the past decades, stock prediction has been a popular topic in financial applications. Many approaches including machine learning based and statistical models have been employed to forecast price changes in stock market. Considering the power of Restricted Bolztmann Machine (RBM) for feature extraction, we propose to incorporate RBM and several classifiers to predict short-term stock market trend. In this paper, eleven technical indicators are firstly inferred by using trading data, e.g., close price, lowest price, open price and highest price. Afterwards, these technical indicators are conveyed to binary values by using a trend deterministic preparation layer. We apply a RBM to extract features from binary valued features from the last step. The experimental study demonstrates this model's effectiveness compared with several traditional methods.
Perioperative and late stroke rates of carotid endarterectomy contralateral to carotid artery occlusion : results from a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several previous studies have reported the benefits of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) contralateral to carotid occlusion with mixed results, but none of these were randomized except for the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of surgery in patients with contralateral carotid artery occlusion in a randomized trial in which randomization was done according to the method of closure. METHODS In 399 CEAs (357 patients) that were randomized into primary closure versus patching, 49 had contralateral occlusion. Strokes were designated as ipsilateral if they arose from the same CEA side and contralateral if they arose from the occluded side. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate perioperative strokes and stroke-free survival in patients with contralateral occlusion (group A) versus those without contralateral occlusion (group B). RESULTS Demographic characteristics and mean follow-up for both groups were similar (group A, 40 months; group B, 33 months). Group A had a higher incidence of contralateral transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) (12.2% versus 0.9%; P<0.0001), contralateral strokes (2% versus 0%; P=0.025), and combined contralateral TIAs/strokes (14.3% versus 0.9%; P<0.0001). The rates for perioperative and all strokes (operative and late) were 2% and 4. 1% (2% ipsilateral and 2% contralateral strokes) for group A and 2. 9% and 3.4% (all ipsilateral) for group B (P=0.60 and 0.85, respectively). The rates for perioperative and all TIAs were 0% and 14.3% for group A versus 2.6% and 6.3% for group B (P=0.918 and P=0. 08, respectively). The rates for perioperative and all neurological events (TIA and stroke) were 2% and 18.4% for group A and 5.4% and 9. 7% for group B (P=0.27 and 0.113, respectively). The cumulative stroke-free survival rates at 5 years were 84% for group A and 77% for group B (P>0.1). The cumulative stroke-free survival rates at 5 years for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in group A and group B were also similar. The perioperative and late deaths were similar for both groups (group A, 8%; group B, 14%). CONCLUSIONS Group A had a higher incidence of contralateral TIAs and strokes than group B; however, the perioperative and all late stroke rates and survival rates of CEA were comparable in patients with and without contralateral occlusion.
Marker Genotypes and Population Admixture and Their Association With Body Weight, Height and Relative Body Mass in United States Federal Bison Herds

Elucidating genetic influences on bison growth and body composition is of interest, not only because bison are important for historical, cultural, and agricultural reasons, but also because their unusual population history makes them valuable models for finding influential loci in both domestic cattle and humans. We tested for trait loci associated with body weight, height, and bison mass index (BMI) while controlling for estimated ancestry to reduce potential confounding effects due to population admixture in 1316 bison sampled from four U.S. herds. We used 60 microsatellite markers to model each phenotype as a function of herd, sex, age, marker genotypes, and individual ancestry estimates. Statistical significance for genotype and its interaction with ancestry was evaluated using the adaptive false discovery rate. Of the four herds, two appeared to be admixed and two were nonadmixed. Although none of the main effects of the loci were significant, estimated ancestry and its interaction with marker loci were significantly associated with the phenotypes, illustrating the importance of including ancestry in the models and the dependence of genotype–phenotype associations on background ancestry. Individual loci contributed ∼2.0% of variation in weight, height, and BMI, which confirms the utility and potential importance of adjusting for population stratification.
The short-duration GRB 050724 host galaxy in the context of the long-duration GRB hosts

We report optical and near-infrared broad band observations of the short-duration GRB 050724 host galaxy, used to construct its spectral energy distribution (SED). Unlike the hosts of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which show younger stellar populations, the SED of the GRB 050724 host galaxy is optimally fitted with a synthetic elliptical galaxy template based on an evolved stellar population (age ~2.6 Gyr). The SED of the host is difficult to reproduce with non-evolving metallicity templates. In contrast, if the short GRB host galaxy metallicity enrichment is considered, the synthetic templates fit the observed SED satisfactorily. The internal host extinction is low ($A_{\rm v} \lesssim 0.4$ mag) so it cannot explain the faintness of the afterglow. This short GRB host galaxy is more massive (${\sim}5\times10^{10}\, M_{\odot}$) and luminous (${\sim}1.1~ L^{\star}$) than most of the long-duration GRB hosts. A statistical comparison based on the ages of short- and long-duration GRB host galaxies strongly suggests that short-duration GRB hosts contain, on average, older progenitors. These findings support a different origin for short- and long-duration GRBs.
Isolation and Identification of a Paenibacillus polymyxa Strain That Coproduces a Novel Lantibiotic and Polymyxin

ABSTRACT A new bacterial strain, displaying potent antimicrobial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, was isolated from food. Based on its phenotypical and biochemical properties as well as its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and it was designated as strain OSY-DF. The antimicrobials produced by this strain were isolated from the fermentation broth and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two antimicrobials were found: a known antibiotic, polymyxin E1, which is active against gram-negative bacteria, and an unknown 2,983-Da compound showing activity against gram-positive bacteria. The latter was purified to homogeneity, and its antimicrobial potency and proteinaceous nature were confirmed. The antimicrobial peptide, designated paenibacillin, is active against a broad range of food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, including Bacillus spp. , Clostridium sporogenes, Lactobacillus spp. , Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Listeria spp. , Pediococcus cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Furthermore, it possesses the physico-chemical properties of an ideal antimicrobial agent in terms of water solubility, thermal resistance, and stability against acid/alkali (pH 2.0 to 9.0) treatment. Edman degradation, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to sequence native and chemically modified paenibacillin. While details of the tentative sequence need to be elucidated in future work, the peptide was unequivocally characterized as a novel lantibiotic, with a high degree of posttranslational modifications. The coproduction of polymyxin E1 and a lantibiotic is a finding that has not been reported earlier. The new strain and associated peptide are potentially useful in food and medical applications.
Social Touch in Human–Computer Interaction

Touch is our primary non-verbal communication channel for conveying intimate emotions and as such essential for our physical and emotional wellbeing. In our digital age, human social interaction is often mediated. However, even though there is increasing evidence that mediated touch affords affective communication, current communication systems (such as videoconferencing) still do not support communication through the sense of touch. As a result, mediated communication does not provide the intense affective experience of co-located communication. The need for ICT mediated or generated touch as an intuitive way of social communication is even further emphasized by the growing interest in the use of touch-enabled agents and robots for healthcare, teaching, and telepresence applications. Here, we review the important role of social touch in our daily life and the available evidence that affective touch can be mediated reliably between humans and between humans and digital agents. We base our observations on evidence from psychology, computer science, sociology, and neuroscience with focus on the first two. Our review shows that mediated affective touch can modulate physiological responses, increase trust and affection, help to establish bonds between humans and avatars or robots, and initiate pro-social behavior. We argue that ICT mediated or generated social touch can (a) intensify the perceived social presence of remote communication partners and (b) enable computer systems to more effectively convey affective information. However, this research field on the crossroads of ICT and psychology is still embryonic and we identify several topics that can help to mature the field in the following areas: establishing an overarching theoretical framework, employing better research methodologies, developing basic social touch building blocks, and solving specific ICT challenges.
Automatic extraction and tracking of the tongue contours

Computerized analysis of the tongue surface movement can provide valuable information to speech and swallowing research. Ultrasound technology is currently the most attractive modality for the tongue imaging mainly because of its high video frame rate. However, problems with ultrasound imaging, such as noise and echo artifacts, refractions, and unrelated reflections pose significant challenges for computer analysis of the tongue images and hence specific methods must be developed. This paper presents a system that is developed for automatic extraction and tracking of the tongue surface movements from ultrasound image sequences. The ultrasound images are supplied by the head and transducer support system (HATS), which was developed in order to fix the head and support the transducer under the chin in a known position without disturbing speech. In this work, the authors propose a novel scheme for the analysis of the tongue images using deformable contours. They incorporate novel mechanisms to (1) impose speech related constraints on the deformations; (2) perform spatiotemporal smoothing using a contour postprocessing stage; (3) utilize optical flow techniques to speedup the search process; and (4) propagate user supplied information to the analysis of all image frames. The authors tested the system's performance qualitatively and quantitatively in consultation with speech scientists. Their system produced contours that are within the range of manual measurement variations. The results of the authors' system are extremely encouraging and the system can be used in practical speech and swallowing research in the field of otolaryngology.
Image Retrieval Using Textual Cues

We present an approach for the text-to-image retrieval problem based on textual content present in images. Given the recent developments in understanding text in images, an appealing approach to address this problem is to localize and recognize the text, and then query the database, as in a text retrieval problem. We show that such an approach, despite being based on state-of-the-art methods, is insufficient, and propose a method, where we do not rely on an exact localization and recognition pipeline. We take a query-driven search approach, where we find approximate locations of characters in the text query, and then impose spatial constraints to generate a ranked list of images in the database. The retrieval performance is evaluated on public scene text datasets as well as three large datasets, namely IIIT scene text retrieval, Sports-10K and TV series-1M, we introduce.