Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A ug 2 00 3 Optimal Convergence Trading

This article examines arbitrage investment in a mispriced asset when the mispricing follows the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and a credit-constrained investor maximizes a generalization of the Kelly criterion. The optimal differentiable and threshold policies are derived. The optimal differentiable policy is linear with respect to mispricing and risk-free in the long run. The optimal threshold policy calls for investing immediately when the mispricing is greater than zero with the investment amount inversely proportional to the risk aversion parameter. The investment is risky even in the long run. The results are consistent with the belief that creditconstrained arbitrageurs should be risk-neutral if they are to engage in convergence trading. Myron [Scholes] once told me they are sucking up nickels from all over the world. But because they are so leveraged that amounts to a lot of money. Merton Miller about the essence of arbitrage.
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in 1.3 Million Pregnancies: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort

Objective To quantify risk factors for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperal period. Design In a nationwide prospective cohort study we followed pregnant and puerperal women in Denmark from 1995 to 2009 for venous thromboembolism. Information on risk factors and confounders was retrieved from national registries. The diagnosis of venous thromboembolism was confirmed through medical charts. We calculated adjusted incidence rates per 10,000 women years and used Poisson regression to estimate effects during pregnancy and the puerperal period. Results We studied 1,297,037 pregnancies and related puerperal periods, during which there were 748 venous thromboembolisms. The incidence rate for venous thromboembolism during a pregnancy with and without hospitalization for hyperemesis was 15.2/10,000 yr and 6.3/10,000 yr, respectively, (adjusted rate ratio: 2.5 (95%-confidence interval; 1.4–4.5)). The incidence rate among women with multiple pregnancies was 18.2/10,000 yr and 6.3/10,000 yr in singletons (adjusted rate ratio: 2.8 (1.9–4.2)). Increased risk was found with hospitalization during pregnancy or the puerperal period with incidence rates of 42.1/10.000 and 54.7/10.000, respectively, (rate ratios: 12.2 (8.7–17) and 5.9 (4.0–8.8)). Women hospitalized with infections during pregnancy had incidence rates of 25.9/10,000 yr and 29.3/10,000 yr during pregnancy and the puerperal period, respectively, and of 62.7/10,000 yr if hospitalized with infection in the puerperal period. Puerperal venous thromboembolism was associated with hospitalization for preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction/fetal death with incidence rates of 45.8/10,000 yr and 18.3/10,000 yr, respectively (rate ratio: 5.0 (3.1–7.8) and 1.9 (0.9–4.4)). Additionally puerperal venous thromboembolism was associated with obesity, elective and acute caesarean sections and major postpartum bleeding with incidence rates of 25.5/10,000 yr, 23.2/10,000 yr, 34.0/10,000 yr and 20.3/10,000 yr, respectively (rate ratios 1.7 (1.1–2.7), 2.1 (1.4–3.1), 3.0 (2.3–4.0) and 1.4 (1.0–2.1)). Conclusions Important risk factors for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or the puerperal period were hospitalization, infection, hyperemesis, multiple pregnancies, preeclampsia, obesity, caesarean section, major postpartum bleeding, and intrauterine growth restriction or fetal death.
Smoothing spline ANOVA models for large data sets with Bernoulli observations and the randomized GACV

We propose the randomized Generalized Approximate Cross Validation (ranGACV) method for choosing multiple smoothing parameters in penalized likelihood estimates for Bernoulli data. The method is intended for application with penalized likelihood smoothing spline ANOVA models. In addition we propose a class of approximate numerical methods for solving the penalized likelihood variational problem which, in conjunction with the ranGACV method allows the application of smoothing spline ANOVA models with Bernoulli data to much larger data sets than previously possible. These methods are based on choosing an approximating subset of the natural (representer) basis functions for the variational problem. Simulation studies with synthetic data, including synthetic data mimicking demographic risk factor data sets is used to examine the properties of the method and to compare the approach with the GRKPACK code of Wang (1997c). Bayesian “confidence intervals” are obtained for the fits and are shown in the simulation studies to have the “across the function” property usually claimed for these confidence intervals. Finally the method is applied to an observational data set from the Beaver Dam Eye study, with scientifically interesting results.
A Practically Unsupervised Learning Method to Identify Single-Snippet Answers to Definition Questions on the Web

We present a practically unsupervised learning method to produce single-snippet answers to definition questions in question answering systems that supplement Web search engines. The method exploits on-line encyclopedias and dictionaries to generate automatically an arbitrarily large number of positive and negative definition examples, which are then used to train an SVM to separate the two classes. We show experimentally that the proposed method is viable, that it outperforms the alternative of training the system on questions and news articles from TREC, and that it helps the search engine handle definition questions significantly better.
New Bandstop Filter Circuit Topology and Its Application to Design of a Bandstop-to-Bandpass Switchable Filter

In this paper, we show a new bandstop filter circuit topology. Unlike conventional bandstop filter circuit topologies, the new circuit topology has inter-resonator coupling structures. The presence of these inter-resonator coupling structures enables convenient switching from a bandstop to a bandpass filter. Using the new bandstop filter topology, this paper demonstrates a design of a frequency-agile bandstop-to-bandpass switchable filter. The filter is composed of tunable substrate-integrated cavity resonators and can be switched to have either a bandstop or bandpass response. Switching is achieved by turning on and off switches placed within the filter structure. A prototype of the proposed design is fabricated and the concept is verified experimentally.
In the Absence of the Rule of Law: Everyday Lawyering, Dignity and Resistance in Myanmar’s ‘Disciplined Democracy’

This article explores how ‘everyday’ lawyers undertaking routine criminal defence cases navigate an authoritarian legal system. Based on original fieldwork in the ‘disciplined democracy’ of Myanmar, the article examines how hegemonic state power and a functional absence of the rule of law have created a culture of passivity among ordinary practitioners. ‘Everyday’ lawyers are nevertheless able to uphold their clients’ dignity by practical and material support for the individual human experience – and in so doing, subtly resist, evade or disrupt state power. The article draws upon the literature on the sociology of lawyering and resistance, arguing for a multilayered understanding of dignity going beyond lawyers’ contributions to their clients’ legal autonomy. Focusing on dignity provides an alternative perspective to the otherwise often all-consuming rule of law discourse. In authoritarian legal systems, enhancing their clients’ dignity beyond legal autonomy may be the only meaningful contribution that ‘everyday’ lawyers can make.
Harmonic maps, Backlund-Darboux transformations and "line soliton" analogs

Harmonic maps from $\BR^2$ or one-connected domain ${\O}\subset \BR^2$ into $GL(m, \BC)$ and $U(m)$ are treated. The GBDT version of the B\"acklund-Darboux transformation is applied to the case of the harmonic maps. A new general formula on the GBDT transformations of the Sym-Tafel immersions is derived. A class of the harmonic maps similar in certain ways to line-solitons is obtained explicitly and studied.
Combining different meta-heuristics to improve the predictability of a Financial Forecasting algorithm

Hyper-heuristics have successfully been applied to a vast number of search and optimization problems. One of the novelties of hyper-heuristics is the fact that they manage and automate the meta-heuristic's selection process. In this paper, we implemented and analyzed a hyper-heuristic framework on three meta-heuristics namely Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search, and Guided Local Search, which had successfully been applied in the past to a Financial Forecasting algorithm called EDDIE. EDDIE uses Genetic Programming to extract and learn from historical data in order to predict future financial market movements. Results show that the algorithm's effectiveness has been improved, thus making the combination of meta-heuristics under a hyper-heuristic framework an effective Financial Forecasting approach.
A closer look down the basins of attraction

Formal fitness landscape analysis enables us to study basins of attraction with great detail. This seemingly simple concept shows more variability and influence on heuristic algorithms than might be expected. We have taken a new perspective and a closer look at the properties of basins of attraction using two-dimensional visualizations to arrive at a conceptually simple but heuristically challenging test function that exhibits “misleading” basins of attraction.
Focus 3D: Compressive accommodation display

We present a glasses-free 3D display design with the potential to provide viewers with nearly correct accommodative depth cues, as well as motion parallax and binocular cues. Building on multilayer attenuator and directional backlight architectures, the proposed design achieves the high angular resolution needed for accommodation by placing spatial light modulators about a large lens: one conjugate to the viewer's eye, and one or more near the plane of the lens. Nonnegative tensor factorization is used to compress a high angular resolution light field into a set of masks that can be displayed on a pair of commodity LCD panels. By constraining the tensor factorization to preserve only those light rays seen by the viewer, we effectively steer narrow high-resolution viewing cones into the user's eyes, allowing binocular disparity, motion parallax, and the potential for nearly correct accommodation over a wide field of view. We verify the design experimentally by focusing a camera at different depths about a prototype display, establish formal upper bounds on the design's accommodation range and diffraction-limited performance, and discuss practical limitations that must be overcome to allow the device to be used with human observers.
Interleukin-33 in human gliomas: Expression and prognostic significance

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a nuclear and pleiotropic cytokine with regard to its cellular sources and its actions. IL-33 is involved in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. Several factors account for the tumorigenicity of human gliomas, including cytokines and their receptors. The present study assessed the expression and prognostic significance of IL-33 in human astroglial brain tumors. Protein levels of IL-33 were determined by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray containing 95 human gliomas. mRNA expression data of IL-33, as well as of its receptors, IL-1 receptor-like 1 protein and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAcP), were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. IL-33 protein was expressed heterogeneously in tumor tissue, but was, however, not detected in normal brain tissue. There was no differential IL-33 protein expression by tumor grade, while IL-33 protein expression was associated with inferior survival in patients with recurrent glioblastomas. Interrogations of the TCGA database indicated that mRNA expression of IL-33 and the IL-33 receptors was heterogeneous, and that IL-33 and IL1RAcP mRNA levels were correlated with the tumor grade. Elevated IL-33 mRNA levels were associated with the inferior survival of glioblastoma patients. Therefore, IL-33 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of human gliomas.
EFFECTS OF SPECTRAL RESPONSE FUNCTION DIFFERENCES ON CO 2 SLICING WITH AN APPLICATION TO CLOUD CLIMATOLOGIES

The combination of HIRS/2 and MODIS measurements provide a global cirrus cloud climatology with over 30 years of combined observations. However, the sensitivity of cloud height retrievals using CO 2 slicing to spectral differences between the different HIRS/2 and MODIS instruments has not been well characterized, providing the motivation for this study. To estimate biases in retrieved cloud heights resulting from variations in spectral response functions between these instruments, cloud heights for HIRS/2 and MODIS instruments are simulated using high spectral resolution measured radiances from AIRS and the line-by-line radiative transfer model LBLRTM. As a second study, measurement spectral response functions (SRFs) are held constant while the forward model response functions are incrementally shifted. Two days of simulated cloud top heights (CTHs) for these narrow band sensors are analyzed to quantify inter-satellite biases. Because the HIRS/2 and MODIS heights are simulated using the same AIRS measurements, one-to-one comparisons exclude all sources of error except the differing spectral response functions. It is demonstrated that the differences in narrow band CO 2 channel SRFs from pre-launch MODIS-Aqua and HIRS/2 instruments produce small, but statistically significant differences in the heights generated with CO 2 slicing. MODIS-Aqua channel combination 36/35 and analogous HIRS channels 4/5 show the smallest spread in mean cloud heights. These results suggest that biases due to SRF differences between sensors should be corrected in a long-term satellite cloud height climatology using CO 2 slicing. To observe the sensitivity of CO 2 slicing to errors in the knowledge of the measurement SRFs, incremental linear shifts are applied to the forward model response functions while the measurement response functions are held constant. This research shows ii that MODIS-Aqua channel combination 36/35 is the least sensitive to errors in forward model response functions. This is the preferential band combination in the MODIS collection 5 cloud retrieval algorithm. Well-calibrated hyperspectral radiance measurements are useful in the construction of a long-term cloud height record because they have the flexibility to be convolved to any set of response functions. These instruments are relatively new; so long-term datasets consisting solely of hyperspectral measurements will not be available for many years. The small, but systematic differences between simulated instruments suggest that hyperspectral observations convolved to the HIRS/2 SRFs will provide the optimal continuation of the HIRS/2 climatology, as errors resulting from differences in satellite SRFs are eliminated. iii Acknowledgements I would like to first extend my gratitude to …
Scientific Evidence and Cue Theories in Deception Research: Reconciling Findings From Meta-Analyses and Primary Experiments

A widely held belief about human communication is that specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors signal deception. This belief is held as folk wisdom across many cultures. It is also often portrayed as accepted social scientific knowledge in academic works. Explanations for why specific behaviors signal deception fall under the umbrella label of “cue theories. ” This commentary essay reviews the extensive social scientific theory and research on the utility of deception cues for detecting deception. Oddly, conclusions from meta-analyses do not align with the findings of the primary studies that comprise the meta-analyses. The divergent conclusions from meta-analyses and primary studies challenge both the validity of cue-based lie detection and what counts as the critical unit of scientific evidence in research. The implications for social science theory and research are discussed. Suggestions for improved applied lie detection are also provided.
An analysis of the three-dimensional kinetics and kinematics of maximal effort punches among amateur boxers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to quantify the 3D kinetics and kinematics of six punch types among amateur boxers. Fifteen males (age: 24.9 ± 4.2 years; stature: 1.78 ± 0.1 m; body mass: 75.3 ± 13.4 kg; boxing experience: 6.3 ± 2.8 years) performed maximal effort punches against a suspended punch bag during which upper body kinematics were assessed via a 3D motion capture system, and ground reaction forces (GRF) of the lead and rear legs via two force plates. For all variables except elbow-joint angular velocity, analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences between straight, hook and uppercut punches. The lead hook exhibited the greatest peak fist velocity (11.95 ± 1.84 m/s), the jab the shortest delivery time (405 ± 0.15 ms), the rear uppercut the greatest shoulder-joint angular velocity (1069.8 ± 104.5°/s), and the lead uppercut the greatest elbow angular velocity (651.0 ± 357.5°/s). Peak resultant GRF differed significantly (P < 0.05) between rear and lead legs for the jab punch only. Whilst these findings provide novel descriptive data for coaches and boxers, future research should examine if physical and physiological capabilities relate to the key biomechanical qualities associated with maximal punching performance.
Plant-driven variation in decomposition rates improves projections of global litter stock distribution.

Abstract. Plant litter stocks are critical, regionally for their role in fueling fire regimes and controlling soil fertility, and globally through their feedback to atmospheric CO2 and climate. Here we employ two global databases linking plant functional types to decomposition rates of wood and leaf litter (Cornwell et al., 2008; Weedon et al., 2009) to improve future projections of climate and carbon cycle using an intermediate complexity Earth System model. Implementing separate wood and leaf litter decomposabilities and their temperature sensitivities for a range of plant functional types yielded a more realistic distribution of litter stocks in all present biomes with the exception of boreal forests and projects a strong increase in global litter stocks by 35 Gt C and a concomitant small decrease in atmospheric CO2 by 3 ppm by the end of this century. Despite a relatively strong increase in litter stocks, the modified parameterization results in less elevated wildfire emissions because of a litter redistribution towards more humid regions.
Scalable MultiView Video Coding Based on High Efficiency Video Coding for Flexible Realistic Video Content Services

The extensions of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), multi-view HEVC and scalable HEVC, are currently being standardized to support multi-view and scalable coding. However, there is no consolidated scalable and multi-view coding software providing these functionalities at the same time and no information is available regarding coding performance of consolidated scalable and multi-view coding. This paper presents simulation results of the consolidated scalable and multi-view coding based on HEVC for flexible realistic video content services. When 4 layers are coded to support view and spatial scalability at the same time, average Luma BD-bitrate savings of about 43.1% is achieved compared to simulcast coding. Keywords-MV-HEVC, SHVC, HEVC, scalable, multi-view;
Partition functions and double-trace deformations in AdS/CFT

We study the effect of a relevant double-trace deformation on the partition function (and conformal anomaly) of a CFTd at large N and its dual picture in AdSd+1. Three complementary previous results are brought into full agreement with each other: bulk [1] and boundary [2] computations, as well as their formal identity [3]. We show the exact equality between the dimensionally regularized partition functions or, equivalently, fluctuation determinants involved. A series of results then follows: (i) equality between the renormalized partition functions for all d; (ii) for all even d, correction to the conformal anomaly; (iii) for even d, the mapping entails a mixing of UV and IR effects on the same side (bulk) of the duality, with no precedent in the leading order computations; and finally, (iv) a subtle relation between overall coefficients, volume renormalization and IR-UV connection. All in all, we get a clean test of the AdS/CFT correspondence beyond the classical SUGRA approximation in the bulk and at subleading O(1) order in the large-N expansion on the boundary.
Taking a Second Look at First Impressions That Kindergarten Teachers Have of Their Students

This study attempted to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between first impression scores of Kindergarten students and scores after time. To achieve this purpose, a teacher survey was administered to fifteen Kindergarten teachers. During the first week of school, the teachers were asked to rate five or their students on 18 different characteristics on a scale of 1-5. These characteristics included attitude, social interaction, respect for adults, maturity, independence, behavior, curiosity, risk-taking, creativity, enjoyment of literature, concept of print, understanding of math concepts, memory, academic ability, oral language, physical fitness, fine-motor skills, and socio-economic status. After eight weeks of school, the survey was given again and the teachers rated the same students on the same characteristics. At test for paired two sample means was used to analyze the scores of each teacher individually and of all of the teachers together. The results of the study found a borderline significance between the scores of all of the teachers combined and that three out of the fifteen individual teachers had a statistically significant score.
Polarimetric observations of OH masers in proto-planetary nebulae

The 1612 and 1667 MHz OH maser lines have been measured in all four Stokes parameters in 47 proto-planetary nebula (PPN) candidates. Out of 42 objects detected, 40 and 34 are 1612 and 1667 MHz emitters, respectively. The spectral extent of the 1667 MHz line overshoots that of the 1612 MHz line in about 80% of the targets. 52% and 26% of the 1612 and 1667 MHz sources, respectively, show linear polarization in at least some features. Circular polarization is more frequent, occurring in 78% and 32% of sources of the respective OH lines. The percentage polarization is usually small (<15%) reaching up to 50-80% in a few sources. Features of linearly polarized emission are usually weak (0.5-4 Jy) and narrow (0.3-0.5 km s -1 ). The strength of the magnetic field inferred from likely Zeeman pairs in two sources of a few mG is consistent with values reported elsewhere for those classes of objects. An upper limit of the electron density in the envelope of OH17.7-2.0 derived from the difference in the position angle of polarization vectors for the two OH lines is about 1 cm -3 . Distinct profiles of polarization position angle at 1612 and 1667 MHz are seen in about one third of the sources and strongly suggest that the envelopes are permeated by structured magnetic fields. The geometry of the magnetic field is implicated as an important cause of the depolarization found in some PPN candidates. For the subset of targets which show axisymmetric shells in the optical or radio images we found a dominance of magnetic field components which are orthogonal to the long axis of the nebulae. This finding supports the hypothesis that such bipolar lobes are shaped by the magnetic field.