Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology of jaw‐muscle spindle afferents in the rat

The morphology of jaw‐muscle spindle afferents in the rat has been studied by intra‐axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase. All stained axons were located in the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and could be traced dorsomedially to the vicinity of the trigeminal motor nucleus, where they divided into an ascending branch in the tract of the mesencephalic nucleus and a descending branch in the tract of Probst. Axon collaterals and swellings on fine collateral branches presumed to be synaptic boutons were located in the following regions: the trigeminal motor nucleus, the region dorsal to the trigeminal motor nucleus including the supratrigeminal nucleus, the parvicellular reticular formation immediately caudal to the trigeminal motor nucleus, the reticular formation at the level of the facial nucleus, and the caudal portion of the mesencephalic nucleus. No evidence of a projection to the cerebellum was observed. Boutons were most numerous in the region surrounding the trigeminal motor nucleus, especially dorsally. Here they were not demonstrated in close proximity to counterstained cells, and therefore it was not possible to determine how many of these contacts are located on cells in this region and how many are on the distal dendrites of trigeminal motorneurons. Boutons located within the trigeminal motor nucleus were always confined to a small portion of the nucleus and were significantly larger than those located dorsally. Some boutons were found in close apposition to trigeminal motor‐neurons and presumably make somatic contacts. These results suggest that jaw‐muscle spindle afferents make somatic and proximal dendritic contacts with only a limited number of trigeminal motorneurons and also project to masticatory interneuronal regions dorsal and caudal to the motor nucleus.
Fluid reasoning, working memory and written expression of 9 to 14 year old children with Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the cumulative work of the many individuals who have contributed to in various capacities. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my incredible family for their selflessness, enduring support, and continuing to believe in me even in my moments of deepest despair and angst. This dissertation had been a collaborative family effort. My daughter, Udipta, was always patient and helpful throughout the entire process. Her editing, proofreading, data checking, and secretarial assistance was invaluable for completing this dissertation. She selflessly gave up a chunk of her summer vacation to ensure that this project was completed. My son, Udbhav, whose empathy, sweetness and tenacity has always been a source of inspiration. I am grateful for the many hours that we spent discussing the nuances of the ADHD population that helped refine my thoughts, ideas and hypotheses about the nature of ADHD. His willingness to share his personal experiences allowed me a brief glimpse into challenges that ADHD present. My husband, friend and confidante, Suren, has been an enduring source of encouragement, patience, and faith. His unfailing support of my decision to go back to school, and the grace with which he lived through yet another dissertation is a true testimony of his generosity and depth as a person. My mother, Vidya Ramsingh and my mother-in-law Sheila Naidoo, have led by their example that through support and nurturance we can grow. Their willingness to put their lives on hold so that they could serve as surrogate parents to my children has been inspiring. My advisor, Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, has been an incredible source of support, inspiration and mentorship. She has helped form and guide both academic and clinical practice. She has always challenged me, forced me to ask the hard questions and search for answers. She sets a high standard I can only hope to aspire towards. Nancy Nussbaum has been a warm and supportive presence, who by her example, guidance and mentorship, has shown me how to use science to guide practice. I would be remiss not to acknowledge the role of graduate students involved in the NVLD-project who helped secure subjects and test instruments, as well as refine the project. Jenifer Walkowiak, my dissertation partner, was invaluable in data collection, keeping me on track, and keeping the goal in sight. I would like to thank Brianne Butcher for giving up several weekends to help …
Linearized ADMM for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Optimization With Convergence Analysis

Linearized alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) as an extension of ADMM has been widely used to solve linearly constrained problems in signal processing, machine learning, communications, and many other fields. Despite its broad applications in nonconvex optimization, for a great number of nonconvex and nonsmooth objective functions, its theoretical convergence guarantee is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a two-block linearized ADMM and a multi-block parallel linearized ADMM for problems with nonconvex and nonsmooth objectives. Mathematically, we present that the algorithms can converge for a broader class of objective functions under less strict assumptions compared with previous works. Furthermore, our proposed algorithm can update coupled variables in parallel and work for less restrictive nonconvex problems, where the traditional ADMM may have difficulties in solving subproblems.
Recent respiratory infection and risk of venous thromboembolism: case–control study through a general practice database

Background The association between respiratory infection and risk of heart attacks and strokes is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between respiratory infection and venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this article, we describe the associations between respiratory infection and VTE. Methods All cases aged ≥18 years of first-time diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) were identified together with single-matched controls from a primary care general practice database. In addition to the matching characteristics, information was collected on other potentially important confounding factors. Results There were 457/11 557 (4.0%) DVT cases with respiratory infection in the year before the index date (73 in the preceding month) compared with 262/11 557 (2.3%) controls (24 in the preceding month). There was an increased risk of DVT in the month following infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.62–4.29] which persisted up to a year. There were 180/5162 (3.5%) PE cases with respiratory infection in the year before the index date compared with 94/5162 (1.8%) controls excluding those in the preceding month to avoid the possible misdiagnosis of early PE. There was an increased risk of PE in the 3 months following infection (adjusted OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.33–4.72) which may have persisted up to a year. Conclusions There are strong associations between recent respiratory infection and VTE. There should be less distinction between venous and arterial events in decisions about preventing or aborting infections, especially in high-risk patients.
A real-time visual attention model for predicting gaze point during first-person exploration of virtual environments

This paper introduces a novel visual attention model to compute user's gaze position automatically, i.e. without using a gaze-tracking system. Our model is specifically designed for real-time first-person exploration of 3D virtual environments. It is the first model adapted to this context which can compute, in real-time, a continuous gaze point position instead of a set of 3D objects potentially observed by the user. To do so, contrary to previous models which use a mesh-based representation of visual objects, we introduce a representation based on surface-elements. Our model also simulates visual reflexes and the cognitive process which takes place in the brain such as the gaze behavior associated to first-person navigation in the virtual environment. Our visual attention model combines the bottom-up and top-down components to compute a continuous gaze point position on screen that hopefully matches the user's one. We have conducted an experiment to study and compare the performance of our method with a state-of-the-art approach. Our results are found significantly better with more than 100% of accuracy gained. This suggests that computing in realtime a gaze point in a 3D virtual environment is possible and is a valid approach as compared to object-based approaches.
Good Deeds and Misdeeds: A Mediated Model of the Effect of Corporate Social Performance on Organizational Attractiveness

Previous research has suggested that corporate social performance is positively related to firms’ attractiveness as employers. The authors propose and test an alternative model whereby job applicants’ familiarity with employers mediates the relationship between corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness. Applicants’familiarity with firms may serve as a signal of firms’suitability as employers, with more familiar firms considered more attractive. Furthermore, a firm’s overall level of corporate social activity (whether “good deeds” or “ misdeeds”) may contribute directly to firm familiarity and indirectly to attractiveness through familiarity. The authors’ results support this model; firm familiarity completely mediates the relationship between corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness.
Pseudo four-channel image denoising for noisy CFA raw data

Most demosaicking algorithms only focus on handling noise-free CFA raw data. In practice, the CFA raw data are corrupted by noise, which degrades demosaicking performance. Full-color image quality strongly depends on the performance of the demosaicking. Here, we propose a CFA raw data denoising algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the CFA raw data is converted to a pseudo four-channel image by rearranging pixels. Then, the four-channel data are transformed based on the principal component analysis (PCA). Existing high-performance gray image denoising algorithm is applied to each transformed image. Finally, the denoised data is rearranged to obtain denoised CFA raw data. We evaluate both the denoised CFA raw data as well as the full-color image reconstructed with the noisy CFA raw data. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
the sCorn of status: a bias toWarD PerCeivinG anGer on hiGh-status faCes

The expression of anger is an important signal of both danger and threat to social relationships. Furthermore, anger expressed by high-status people should be especially apparent due to the fact that high-status people may be perceived as more able to act on their intentions than low-status people. In the current research, we test the hypothesis that a perceiver will be biased toward anger appearing on the face of a high-status compared to a low-status face. Using an emotion detection task across two experiments, our findings revealed that White participants perceived anger to persist longer (Study 1) and appear sooner (Study 2) on the faces of high-status compared to low-status targets. This suggests that social context, in general, and social status (as indicated by occupation), in particular, can influence the perception of anger.
One size doesn't fit all: Measuring news reception East and West

This article investigates how and why measures developed in the American context yield different results in China. Research in the United States has shown that a person's level of political knowledge is a stronger and more consistent predictor of news reception compared to alternative measures, such as media consumption or education. Yet a case study of news reception of pension reform in Beijing demonstrates that attentiveness and education constitute more valid indicators than knowledge. These differences in the empirical findings may result from translation from English into Chinese as well as specifics of the Chinese education system. However, when using valid measures the relationship between attentiveness and news reception is strong among Beijing residents, revealing that information-processing works as anticipated based on American media research.
Gold-Coated Iron Composite Nanospheres Targeted the Detection of Escherichia coli

We report the preparation and characterization of spherical core-shell structured Fe3O4–Au magnetic nanoparticles, modified with two component self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) consisting of 3–mercaptophenylboronic acid (3–MBA) and 1–decanethiol (1–DT). The rapid and room temperature synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles was achieved using the hydroxylamine reduction of HAuCl4 on the surface of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-immobilized iron (magnetite Fe3O4) nanoparticles in the presence of an aqueous solution of hexadecyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a dispersant. The reduction of gold on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibits a uniform, highly stable, and narrow particle size distribution of Fe3O4–Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 9 ± 2 nm. The saturation magnetization value for the resulting nanoparticles was found to be 15 emu/g at 298 K. Subsequent surface modification with SAMs against glucoside moieties on the surface of bacteria provided effective magnetic separation. Comparison of the bacteria capturing efficiency, by means of different molecular recognition agents 3–MBA, 1–DT and the mixed monolayer of 3–MBA and 1–DT was presented. The best capturing efficiency of E. coli was achieved with the mixed monolayer of 3–MBA and 1–DT-modified nanoparticles. Molecular specificity and selectivity were also demonstrated by comparing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of E. coli-nanoparticle conjugates with bacterial growth media.
4 the Nonadaptive Forces of Evolution

Although natural selection plays a major role in the evolution of many traits, three additional factors determine the patterns of genetic variation within and among populations. We refer to these factors – mutation, recombination, and random genetic drift – as the nonadaptive forces of evolution because their operation is generally independent of the specific selective factors operating on the extrinsic phenotypes of individuals. Migration (briefly touched upon in Chapters 2 and 3) might be added to this list, although we regard this added complexity as being independent of the internal genetic machinery of a population. As will become clear in the following chapters, the three nonadaptive forces together comprise the population-genetic environment, which defines the paths of evolutionary change that are open vs. closed to natural selection. Knowledge of the magnitude of the nonadaptive forces of evolution should be sufficient to arrive at a full description of the dynamics of allele/gamete-frequency change within populations in the absence of external forces of selection. Moreover , this logic works in reverse – under certain assumptions, observed patterns of variation in neutral genomic regions can be used to infer the magnitude of the evolutionary forces responsible for such patterning. The goals of this chapter are, therefore, threefold. First, we will consider how observations on putatively neutral molecular markers can be used to estimate rates of mutation, recombination, and random genetic drift. Second, we will summarize the existing data resulting from such analyses, providing information that will play a central role in applications presented in subsequent chapters. As a consequence of the recent emergence of new technologies for high-throughput genomic sequencing, this is a rapidly developing area that will undoubtedly experience additional refinements in the near future. Finally, having shown that the intensity of the nonadaptive forces of evolution vary by orders of magnitude among species in fairly predictable
An iVector extractor using pre-trained neural networks for speaker verification

The iVector representation of speech utterances is currently widely used in speaker and language recognition tasks. In this paper, an iVector extractor using pre-trained neural networks is proposed for speaker verification. It can be viewed as an alternative to the classical total variability approach. In the proposed system, a neural network with bottleneck layer is trained with speaker labeled utterances, then we utilize the bottleneck features of the network to represent the input utterance. As a new iVector representation, it shows comparable performance with the state-of-the-art Total Variability Model (TVM) based iVector extraction system on NIST 2008 SRE. We further achieve a 10% reduction in equal error rates with combination of the proposed extraction system and the TVM system.
Implementing Pragmatism and John Dewey's Educational Philosophy in Jordanian Public Schools.

The teachings and writings of John Dewey, an American philosopher and educator, offer insightful influences on contemporary education, not only in the United States but also worldwide. His philosophy of education, commonly referred to as Pragmatism, focused on learning by doing as an alternative to rote knowledge and strict teaching. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which this philosophical thought is implemented in Jordanian public schools according to Jordanian teachers. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in this study. The findings reveal that Jordanian teachers believe Pragmatism is implemented in Jordan to a moderate degree.
Epidemiological profile of workers with musculoskeletal disorders of a supermarket company

Introduction The epidemiological profile is considered a sensitive indicator of living conditions and the disease process. The musculoskeletal disorders are the most common causes of pain and can lead to disability or restriction of daily activities. These disorders take the name of RCT/OWRD when they are associated with work activities and may be associated with risk conditions at work.Objectives To describe the epidemiological profile of supermarket workers with musculoskeletal disorders under treatment at a physiotherapy clinic in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.Methods This was a cross-sectional, observational study which used retrospective data collected from 360 records of patients treated from January 2010 to December 2011 in a physiotherapy clinic that provides health services for a supermarket chain.Results There was a predominance of females (73.9%), aged 30–39 years (35.1%); 63.0% reported being single and 73.4% lived in Porto Alegre. The most commonly reported occupation was cashier (31.2%). The main reasons for referral to physiotherapy treatment were low back pain (21.4%), neck pain (19.7%), pain (16.1%), subacromial bursitis (13.9%) and back pain (12.2%). Among the signs and symptoms 95.8% of the sample reported pain in chronic phase.Conclusion The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high in this group. The presence of pain can disable the worker for daily activities and physiotherapy becomes the therapeutic procedure of choice for their rehabilitation.
Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies

We have developed video microscopy methods to visualize the assembly and disassembly of individual microtubules at 33-ms intervals. Porcine brain tubulin, free of microtubule-associated proteins, was assembled onto axoneme fragments at 37 degrees C, and the dynamic behavior of the plus and minus ends of microtubules was analyzed for tubulin concentrations between 7 and 15.5 microM. Elongation and rapid shortening were distinctly different phases. At each end, the elongation phase was characterized by a second order association and a substantial first order dissociation reaction. Association rate constants were 8.9 and 4.3 microM-1 s-1 for the plus and minus ends, respectively; and the corresponding dissociation rate constants were 44 and 23 s-1. For both ends, the rate of tubulin dissociation equaled the rate of tubulin association at 5 microM. The rate of rapid shortening was similar at the two ends (plus = 733 s-1; minus = 915 s-1), and did not vary with tubulin concentration. Transitions between phases were abrupt and stochastic. As the tubulin concentration was increased, catastrophe frequency decreased at both ends, and rescue frequency increased dramatically at the minus end. This resulted in fewer rapid shortening phases at higher tubulin concentrations for both ends and shorter rapid shortening phases at the minus end. At each concentration, the frequency of catastrophe was slightly greater at the plus end, and the frequency of rescue was greater at the minus end. Our data demonstrate that microtubules assembled from pure tubulin undergo dynamic instability over a twofold range of tubulin concentrations, and that the dynamic instability of the plus and minus ends of microtubules can be significantly different. Our analysis indicates that this difference could produce treadmilling, and establishes general limits on the effectiveness of length redistribution as a measure of dynamic instability. Our results are consistent with the existence of a GTP cap during elongation, but are not consistent with existing GTP cap models.
In vivo detection and functional correlates of white matter microstructural disruption in chronic alcoholism.

BACKGROUND Postmortem studies report degradation of brain white matter microstructure in chronic alcoholism, but until recently, in vivo neuroimaging could provide measurement only at a macrostructural level. The development of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for clinical use offers a method for depicting and quantifying the diffusion properties of white matter expressed as intravoxel and intervoxel coherence of tracts and fibers. METHODS This study used DTI to examine the intravoxel coherence measured as fractional anisotropy (FA) and intervoxel coherence (C) of white matter tracts of the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and of the centrum semiovale in 15 detoxified alcoholic men and 31 nonalcoholic control subjects. Exploratory correlational analyses examined the relationships between regional DTI measures and tests of attention and working memory in the alcoholic patients. RESULTS The alcoholic group had lower regional FA than the control group. C was lower in the alcoholics than controls in the splenium only. Working memory correlated positively with splenium FA, whereas attention correlated positively with genu C. CONCLUSIONS These results provide in vivo evidence for disruption of white matter microstructure in alcoholism and suggest that interruption of white matter fiber coherence contributes to disturbance in attention and working memory in chronic alcoholism.
Variabilidad genética de Zebú (Bos indicus) en el departamento del Huila, Colombia, usando marcadores moleculares por microsatélites

The polymorphism of 11 microsatellites from zebu cattle (Bos indicus) was studied using a commercial multiplex system to estimate genetic variability. Allele frequencies polymorphism information content and heterozygosis were calculated. Allele frequencies revealed that in the analyzed sample the markers were not equally polymorphic. The average allele was 14.2 with the highest values for the TGLA122 microsatellites. The mean heterozygocity was 0.7056 and the polymorphism information content was 0.668. This multiplex analysis could be used for pedigree information and for adequate genetic improvements in breeding programs and paternity test.