Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of the Strictest? An Experimental Examination of Club Goods

At rst glance, the survival and growth of sects and religious groups that demand a lot from or impose severe restrictions on their members, such as dietary, dress, or behavioral rules that limit non-group, secular activities is puzzling. Iannaccone (1992, 1994) suggests that the strictness of religious groups can actually ensure their survival and strength. This study conducts laboratory experiments using human subjects in order to understand the survival and growth of a strict group (requiring a high level of sacrice of earning potential and providing a higher level of club goods to its members) when it competes for members with a less strict group. The experiment investigates how high and low-wage earners sort themselves between two groups providing threshold local public goods. The results show that individuals with high wages are more likely to join the low-cost group and individuals with low wages select into the high-cost group. The ability to choose the high-cost group increases earnings for low-wage individuals. Introducing a small \required" contribution to the high-cost group as a condition of joining ensures that the threshold is met in each round and increases the earnings of the low-wage earners in the group, while making high-wage individuals worse o. When subjects are allowed to opt out of joining a group altogether, it becomes more dicult in many cases to sustain contributions, but the low-cost group continues to thrive when the high-cost group does not impose an entry fee. When the high-cost group has an entry fee, it is able to eliminate free-riding. Allowing subjects to opt out worsens earnings for the low-wage individuals but increases them for high-wage individuals.
Quantitative Electroencephalography and Behavioural Correlates of Daytime Sleepiness in Chronic Stroke

Sleepiness is common after stroke, but in contrast to its importance for rehabilitation, existing studies focus primarily on the acute state and often use subjective sleepiness measures only. We used quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to extract physiological sleepiness, as well as subjective reports, in response to motor-cognitive demand in stroke patients and controls. We hypothesised that (a) slowing of the EEG is chronically sustained after stroke; (b) increased power in lower frequencies and increased sleepiness are associated; and (c) sleepiness is modulated by motor-cognitive demand. QEEGs were recorded in 32 chronic stroke patients and 20 controls using a Karolinska Drowsiness Test protocol administered before and after a motor priming task. Subjective sleepiness was measured using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. The findings showed that power density was significantly increased in delta and theta frequency bands over both hemispheres in patients which were not associated with subjective sleepiness ratings. This effect was not observed in controls. The motor priming task induced differential hemispheric effects with greater increase in low-frequency bands and presumably compensatory increases in higher frequency bands. The results indicate sustained slowing in the qEEG in chronic stroke, but in contrast to healthy controls, these changes are not related to perceived sleepiness.
Advanced interference management for 5G cellular networks

As 4G cellular systems densify their cell deployment, co-channel interference becomes a major source of obstacles to cell throughput improvement. In addition, cell edge users suffer more from co-channel interference, which may govern end users' experiences. Although some network-side solutions for co-channel interference management have been introduced in current 4G standards, it turns out that most of those solutions yield only meager gains in realistic cellular environments. In this article, we pay attention to recent advances in the network information theory and discuss the benefits of UE-side approaches. Based on this understanding, we provide our vision on advanced interference management for 5G cellular systems: network-side interference management needs to be complemented by UE-side interference management to realize true factor-one resource reuse. We also discuss practical challenges to deploy advanced interference management and their implications on 5G system design. Prospective gains of advanced interference management are demonstrated, and it is shown that the benefits of advanced receivers can be well exploited if 5G cellular networks employ elaborated joint scheduling.
The impact of high and low levels of state anxiety on attentional bias and implicit memory

It has been suggested that anxious individuals who show an attentional bias to threat related stimuli would also demonstrate a memory bias for the same material. However evidence is not consistent and often research has examined attentional bias and memory bias across different studies. Therefore the aim of this study is to examine attention and memory biases within one study. N=40 non-clinical anxiety sample drawn from the normal population. SAI was used to measure state anxiety and SuperLab tasks to measure attention and memory, which included images of neutral, happy and angry facial expressions. A 2x3 split plot ANOVA was used to analyse the data. Results of the attention task revealed a significant interaction between state anxiety levels and the type of face shown. Further simple effect analysis revealed that the difference was significant when shown angry faces but not when shown neutral or happy faces. The correlation analysis revealed there was a significant positive relationship between state anxiety and recall of angry faces, but not happy faces. Therefore this study shows support for an attentional and memory bias in those with higher levels of anxiety in a single study. Limitations and directions for future research will be discussed.
The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Cynicism of Research

The purpose of this study is to ascertain to what extent organizational cynicism may be predicted based on the level of perceived organizational support by determining the relationship between research assistants' per- ceived organizational support and organizational cynicism. The population of the study consists of 214 research assistants working as 50/d staff in Akdeniz University, Turkey. 50/d position provides a graduate student only a temporary job with a limited salary seen as a scholarship until he/she completes his/her thesis/disserta- tion. Data were obtained using the "Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POSS)," which was developed by researchers, and using the "Organizational Cynicism Scale (OCS)," which was developed by Brandes, Dhart- wadkar, and Dean (1999) and then adapted into Turkish by the researchers. As a result of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) applied on the scales, four dimensions in POSS and three dimensions in OCS were specified. To perform the data analysis, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coef- ficient and Multiple Linear Regression analyses were used; according to whose findings, there are significant moderate negative relationships between all dimensions of the POSS and OCS. The conclusion was reached that the perceived level of organizational support by the research assistants is a significant variable in predicting or- ganizational cynicism. In addition, perceived interaction support was found to be the most significant dimension affecting organizational cynicism.
A Novel Approach

Abstract The relationship between empathy and forgiveness is explored through the painful experience of divorce and relationship loss. Authors propose a literary exercise, the Novel Approach, to help clients discover the power of empathy and find resolution to past pains. Included is a case study used to describe the Novel Approach and to highlight its facilitative power for creating a deeper empathic understanding.
Shear stress modulates endothelial cell morphology and F‐actin organization through the regulation of focal adhesion‐associated proteins

Flow‐related shear stress has been shown to modulate endothelial cell structure and function including F‐actin microfilament organization. Focal adhesion‐associated proteins such as vinculin, talin, and specific integrins may play a role in the modulation of these cytoskeletal and morphological changes. Double‐label immunofluorescence studies indicated that, in static culture, α5β1 fibronectin receptors (α5β1 FNRs) and αvβ3 vitronectin receptors (αvβ3 VNRs) were found predominantly in the peripheral regions of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) corresponding to the localization of vinculin, talin, and actin microfilament terminations. In response to shear stress, concomitant with cell elongation and the appearance of stress fibers aligned with the direction of flow, there was a prominent localization of vinculin and αvβ3 VNRs as the “upstream” end of the cells. Stress fiber terminations were clearly evident at these concentrations of focal adhesion‐associated proteins. These data suggest that the upstream concentration of these proteins may direct shear stress‐induced stress fiber formation and may function in the alignment of the fibers in the direction of flow. Levels of surface αvβ3 VNRs were found to decrease in response to flow, possibly reflecting the decrease in numbers of “downstream” receptors. Unlike the arrangement of vinculin and αvβ3 VNRs observed following exposure to flow, talin and α5β1 FNRs, in addition to being localized at the upstream end of the cell, were also evenly distributed throughout the rest of the cell. Surface levels of α5β1 FNRs increased in response to shear stress, perhaps providing an increased adherence of BAECs to the extracellular matrix through these receptors. These data suggest that focal adhesion‐associated proteins play specific roles in the response of BAECs to shear stress. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing Apples and Oranges

The lack of a unified definition of giftedness leads researchers to use very different operationalizations when selecting a sample of gifted individuals for use in research. We found 104 empirical articles from 38 journals that differentiated between gifted and nongifted students which were analyzed to determine the most common methods of identifying individuals in research. Results of the analysis show a lack of consensus as to what qualifies a person to be defined as gifted for the purposes of research. This lack of consensus leads to lower generalizability of research about giftedness and to an inability for researchers in the field to compare results of studies. An agreed-upon unified definition of giftedness for the purposes of research will lead to a more homogeneous group of participants, which in turn would lead to multiple benefits, including higher external validity in research designs.
An homotopy method for $\ell_p$ regression provably beyond self-concordance and in input-sparsity time

We consider the problem of linear regression where the $\ell_2^n$ norm loss (i.e., the usual least squares loss) is replaced by the $\ell_p^n$ norm. We show how to solve such problems up to machine precision in $O^*(n^{|1/2 - 1/p|})$ (dense) matrix-vector products and $O^*(1)$ matrix inversions, or alternatively in $O^*(n^{|1/2 - 1/p|})$ calls to a (sparse) linear system solver. This improves the state of the art for any $p\not\in \{1,2,+\infty\}$. Furthermore we also propose a randomized algorithm solving such problems in {\em input sparsity time}, i.e., $O^*(Z + \mathrm{poly}(d))$ where $Z$ is the size of the input and $d$ is the number of variables. Such a result was only known for $p=2$. Finally we prove that these results lie outside the scope of the Nesterov-Nemirovski's theory of interior point methods by showing that any symmetric self-concordant barrier on the $\ell_p^n$ unit ball has self-concordance parameter $\tilde{\Omega}(n)$.
Satisfactory long-term results after Eden-Hybbinette-Alvik operation for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder: 6 20 years follow-up of 52 patients

We studied the outcome after the Eden-Hybbinette-Alvik operation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in 52 patients after a mean of 14 (6-20) years. Their mean age at operation was 26 years. Redislocation occurred in 2/52 patients. The success rate was 49/52, when rated by the patients, and 38/45, using the Carter-Rowe shoulder score. 44/52 reported no pain, 48/52 no limitations at work and 37/51 no limitations in sports. Mild and moderate arthrosis were found in 24/45 on the operated side and 9/45 on the uninvolved side. None (0/21) of the patients without arthrosis and 5/24 of those with arthrosis in the operated shoulder reported mild or moderate pain.
Adenoid Type of Basal Cell Carcinoma: Rare Histopathological Variant at an Unusual Location

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is almost exclusively seen in head-neck region with rare involvement of trunk and extremities. The tumour is commonly seen on nose, eyelids, at the inner canthus of eyes and behind the ears. Adenoid type of BCC is one of the rare histopathological types of BCC which has not found to have any site predilection. We report two cases of BCC occurring at an unusual site i.e., lower back and both of them showed adenoid type of BCC on histopathology. Morphologically they were pigmented and ulcerative type of BCC respectively.
Study of human being detection in an indoor environment using ultra wideband radar

This paper describes a method of human being detection that involves eigenvalue estimation and analysis. This is a tag-free live human body detection method that looks for small changes in the reflected Ultra Wideband (UWB) signals in an indoor environment. As chest movement of the human body leaves a distinguishable effect on the reflected UWB signal hence it is an observable and detectable phenomenon that has been targeted. This experimental study also incorporates detection of the target behind the wall.
Savings Incentives for Low- and Moderate-Income Families in the United States: Why is the Saver's Credit Not More Effective?

This paper uses data from the largest tax preparer in the United States to estimate the impact of the "saver's credit," a US federal program providing financial incentives to encourage retirement savings, on the decision to contribute to an IRA. It finds significant, but very modest, effects. This is contrasted with results from a field experiment showing much larger impacts of clearly presented matching incentives. Various explanations are discussed for why the saver's credit is not more effective. (JEL: H00, H31, C93, D14) (c) 2007 by the European Economic Association.
Surface presentation of Shigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigens requires the products of the spa locus

An avirulent, invasion plasmid insertion mutant of Shigella flexneri 5 (pHS1059) was restored to the virulence phenotype by transformation with a partial HindIII library of the wild-type invasion plasmid constructed in pBR322. Western immunoblot analysis of pHS1059 whole-cell lysates revealed that the synthesis of the invasion plasmid antigens VirG, IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD was similar to that seen in the corresponding isogenic S. flexneri 5 virulent strain, M90T. IpaB and IpaC, however, were not present on the surface of pHS1059 as was found in M90T, suggesting that the transport or presentation of the IpaB and IpaC proteins onto the bacterial surface was defective in the mutant. pHS1059 was complemented by pWR266, which carried contiguous 1.2- and 4.1-kb HindIII fragments of the invasion plasmid. pHS1059(pWR266) cells were positive in the HeLa cell invasion assay as well as colony immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using monoclonal antibodies to IpaB and IpaC. These studies established that the antigens were expressed on the surface of the transformed bacteria. In addition, water extraction of pHS1059 and pHS1059(pWR266) whole cells, which can be used to remove IpaB and IpaC antigens from the surface of wild-type M90T bacteria, yielded significant amounts of these antigens from pHS1059(pWR266) but not from pHS1059. Minicell and DNA sequence analysis indicated that several proteins were encoded by pWR266, comprising the spa loci, which were mapped to a region approximately 18 kb upstream of the ipaBCDAR gene cluster. Subcloning and deletion analysis revealed that more than one protein was involved in complementing the Spa- phenotype in pHS1059. One of these proteins, Spa47, showed striking homology to ORF4 of the Bacillus subtilis flaA locus and the fliI gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium, both of which bear strong resemblance to the alpha and beta subunits of bacterial, mitochondrial, and chloroplast proton-translocating F0F1 ATPases.
Identification of lymphocyte subpopulations in human breast cancer tissue and its significance: An immunoperoxidase study with anti‐human t‐ and b‐cell sera

Subpopulations of the infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer tissue from 31 patients were identified by indirect immunoperoxidase technique with antihuman T‐ and B‐cell sera. In all noncancerous lesions examined (seven cases), B‐cells were predominant and T‐cells were scarcely found. In contrast, T‐cells were predominant in breast cancer tissues (17 in 21 cases). T‐cells tended to contact closely with cancer cells or cancer cell nests and accumulated around and in the walls of venules draining the cancer, while B‐cells tended to cluster focally apart from cancer cell nests. T‐cell infiltration was scanty in scirrhus carcinoma, whereas it was ample in infiltrating papillotubular carcinoma which had a better prognosis. There was a significant reverse correlation between the intensity of the T‐cell infiltration and the clinical stages. The intensity of the T cell infiltration was significantly high in patients without lymph node metastasis. These facts suggest the possibility that the infiltrating T‐cells in cancer tissue represent host resistance against cancer and that the intensity of the T cell infiltration correlates with the clinical prognosis of the breast cancer patients.
SLuHrG: a scenario language to partially constrain autonomous agents activity

Behavioural animation techniques provide autonomous characters with the ability to react credibly in interactive simulations. The direction of these autonomous agents is inherently complex. Typically, simulations evolve according to reactive and cognitive behaviours of autonomous agents. The free flow of actions makes it difficult to precisely control the happening of desired events. In this paper, we propose a scenario language designed to support direction of semi-autonomous characters. This language offers temporal management and character communication tools. It also allows parallelism between scenarios, and a form of competition for the reservation of characters.
Who Uses CAM? A Narrative Review of Demographic Characteristics and Health Factors Associated with CAM Use

Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) are used by an extensive number of patients in the UK and elsewhere. In order to understand this pattern of behavior, it is helpful to examine the characteristics of people who use CAM. This narrative review collates and evaluates the evidence concerning the demographic characteristics and health status factors associated with CAM use in community-based non-clinical populations. A systematic literature search of computerized databases was conducted, and published research papers which present evidence concerning associations between CAM use and demographic and health characteristics are discussed and evaluated. The evidence suggests that people who use CAM tend to be female, of middle age and have more education. In terms of their health, CAM users tend to have more than one medical condition, but might not be more likely than non-users to have specific conditions such as cancer or to rate their own general health as poor. The multivariate studies that have been conducted suggest that both demographic and health characteristics contribute independently to CAM use. In conclusion, demographic characteristics and factors related to an individual's health status are associated with CAM use. Future research is needed to address methodological limitations in existing studies.
Socio-economic differences in the association between sickness absence and mortality: the prospective DREAM study of Danish private sector employees

Objectives: To examine duration of sickness absence as a risk marker for future mortality by socio-economic position among all private sector employees in Denmark in 1998–2004. Methods: All residents in Denmark employed in the private sector receiving sickness absence compensation in 1998 were investigated in a prospective cohort study. 236 207 persons (38.2% women, 61.8% men, age range 18–65, mean age 37.8 years) alive on 1 January 2001 were included in the study. Mortality from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2004 was assessed using national register data. Deaths in 1999 and 2000 were excluded to determine the status of sickness absence duration as an early risk marker. For analyses within occupational grades, data were available for a sub-population of 137 607 study participants. Results: 3040 persons died during follow-up. The age-adjusted risk of future mortality increased by duration of sickness absence in a graded fashion among men and non-blue collar workers. Among women and blue collar workers, there was no association of mortality with duration of sickness absences below 6 weeks. However, employees with ⩾6 weeks of absence compared to those with 1-week absence had a substantial excess risk of death in all groups: adjusted hazard ratio 2.2 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.7) for women, 2.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.4) for men, 3.7 (95% CI 1.9 to 7.2) in white collar occupations, 3.3 (95% CI 2.2 to 5.0) in intermediate grade occupations and 2.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.3) in blue collar occupations. Conclusion: Administratively collected data on sickness absence compensation for periods ⩾6 weeks identified “at risk” groups for future excess mortality in male and female private sector employees across occupational grade levels.