Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The feasibility and appropriateness of introducing nursing curricula from developed countries into developing countries: a comprehensive systematic review

Objectives The objective of this review was to appraise and synthesise the best available evidence on the feasibility and appropriateness of introducing nursing curricula from developed countries into developing countries. Inclusion criteria This review considered quantitative and qualitative research papers that addressed the feasibility and appropriateness of introducing developed countries' nursing curricula into developing countries. Papers of the highest level of evidence rating were given priority. Participants of interest were all levels of nursing staff, nursing students, healthcare consumers and healthcare administrators. Outcomes of interest that are relevant to the evaluation of undergraduate nursing curricula were considered in the review including cost‐effectiveness, cultural relevancy, adaptability, consumer satisfaction and student satisfaction. Search strategy The search strategy sought to find both published and unpublished studies and papers, limited to the English language. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by an analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the article. A second extensive search was then undertaken using all identified key words and index terms. Finally, the reference list of all identified reports and articles was searched, the contents pages of a few relevant journals were hand searched and experts in the field were contacted to find any relevant studies missed from the first two searches. Methodological quality Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality before inclusion in the review using an appropriate critical appraisal instrument from the System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (SUMARI) package. Results A total of four papers, including one descriptive study and three textual papers, were included in the review. Because of the diverse nature of these papers, meta‐synthesis of the results was not possible. For this reason, this section of the review is presented in narrative form. In this review, a descriptive study and a textual opinion paper examined the cultural relevancy of borrowed curriculum models, and the global influence of American nursing. Another two opinion papers evaluated the adaptability of another country curriculum models in their countries. Conclusion The evidence regarding the feasibility and appropriateness of introducing developed countries' nursing curricula into developing countries is weak because of the paucity of high‐quality studies. However, some lower‐level evidence suggesting that direct transfer of the curriculum model from one country to another is not appropriate without first assessing the cultural context of both countries. Second, the approach of considering international, regional and local experiences more feasible and presumably a more effective strategy for adapting of a country's curriculum into a culturally or economically different country.
Prevalence and Attitudes Regarding Marijuana Use Among Adolescents Over the Past Decade

Today, adolescent marijuana prevalence would be at record highs if adolescent use of cigarettes had not declined over the past decade. BACKGROUND: Adolescent marijuana prevalence has not increased since 2005 despite a substantial decrease in the percentage of adolescents who believe marijuana use leads to great risk of harm. This finding calls into question the long-standing, inverse connection between marijuana prevalence and perceived risk of use, a connection central to many arguments opposing marijuana legalization. We tested 2 hypotheses for why marijuana prevalence did not increase after 2005: (1) decreases in adolescent use of cigarettes and alcohol reduced risk for marijuana use and counteracted the expected risk in marijuana prevalence, and/or (2) perceived risk of harm now plays a smaller role in marijuana use. METHODS: Data came from the annual, nationally-representative Monitoring the Future study from 1991 to 2016, in which 1 100 000 US students in eighth, 10th, and 12th grade were surveyed. RESULTS: The entire sample was stratified into 3 mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups on the basis of cigarette and alcohol use. Within each of the 3 groups, marijuana prevalence increased from 2005 to 2016. Paradoxically, when the 3 groups were combined into 1 analysis pool, overall marijuana prevalence did not increase. The seeming paradox results from a decline in the percentage of adolescents who used cigarettes; as this group grew smaller, so too did its disproportionately large contribution to overall marijuana prevalence. Perceived risk of harm from marijuana remained a strong indicator of use throughout 2005 to 2016. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived risk of marijuana remains tightly associated with use, and adolescent marijuana prevalence today would be at or near record highs if cigarette use had not declined since 2005, according to study projections.
Dichloroacetonitrile induces cytotoxicity through oxidative stress-mediated and p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in LO2 cells

Abstract Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), one of the disinfection byproducts of water chlorination, induces cell proliferation and apoptosis; however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Oxidative stress participates in various biological processes, including DNA damage and cytotoxicity. To explore whether oxidative stress mediated DCAN-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis, we assessed the effect of redox imbalance and apoptosis in LO2 cells. We observed increase of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increased apoptosis by 13.6% in 500 μM DCAN compared with the control group. We also observed a decrease of antioxidant ability damage including glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity depletion. Furthermore, DCAN might activate oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis pathway via up-regulation of p53 expression and caspase-3 activity. Therefore, we conclude that DCAN may activate apoptotic signals via p53 up-regulation and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in LO2 cells.
Suicide Among Psychiatric Patients: A Case-Control Study

Objective: To examine patient- and treatment-based differences between psychiatric patients who do and do not die by suicide. Method: By linking databases of deaths and psychiatric service use in Victoria, we compared 597 cases who suicided over 5 years with individually matched controls. Results: Cases and controls could not be distinguished on the majority of patient- or treatment-based characteristics. The exceptions were that cases were more likely to be male, less likely to be outside the labour force, more likely to have recent contact with inpatient and community services, and more likely to have a registration as their last contact. Conclusions: Patients who suicide ‘look’ similar to those who do not, suggesting prevention approaches should ensure that all psychiatric patients receive optimal care, including appropriate detection, diagnosis, assessment and treatment of mental health problems, and careful, individualised assessment of suicide risk.
Temporal distribution of, and effect of anthropic modifications on, phlebotomine populations in the Chaco Bioregion, Argentina

The Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical and veterinary importance, because some species are able to transmit pathogens such as Leishmania spp. In the last 20 years, numerous leishmaniasis outbreaks have been reported in the Chaco Bioregion (Argentina), with an increasing trend of cases associated with periurban transmission. The Chaco Bioregion has two sub‐regions according to their climatic and ecological characteristics: the Dry Chaco and the Humid Chaco. In the present study, sandfly captures were performed in both sub‐regions, at sites with different levels of anthropic modifications, with the aim of describing differential spatio‐temporal patterns of potential tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis vectors. The captures yielded 3559 sandflies of 14 species. Migonemyia migonei (França) was the prevalent species in the Dry Chaco, whereas Mg. migonei and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) were co‐dominant in the Humid Chaco. Environmental factors such as degree of anthropic modification and climatic factors were found to modulate both the phlebotomine fauna composition and the diversity and abundance of each species. These factors would increase vector abundances, and thus the transmission risk, during warm months with moderate rainfall, especially in areas with higher anthropic modifications. The co‐dominance patterns observed in transitional areas could contribute to the transmission of leishmaniases.
Notes on Ascaris and Toxascaris, with a definition of Baylisascaris gen.nov.

The family Ascarididae, as defined by Hartwich (1957) and emended by Osche (1958), comprises species in the genera Ascaris, Toxascaris, Parascaris and Lagochilascaris, all occurring in terrestrial mammals. Other ascaridoids of terrestrial mammals occur in Crossophoridae and Toxocaridae, the latter including Toxocara and Neoascaris (see Hartwich, 1957; Sprent, 1957; Osche, 1958).
Trabecular metal acetabular components in primary total hip arthroplasty

Background and purpose — Trabecular metal (TM) cups have demonstrated favorable results in acetabular revision and their use in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasing. Some evidence show that TM cups might decrease periprosthetic infection (PPI) incidence. We compared the survivorship of TM cups with that of other uncemented cups in primary THA, and evaluated whether the use of TM cups is associated with a lower risk of PPI. Patients and methods — 10,113 primary THAs with TM cup and 85,596 THAs with other uncemented cups from 2 high-quality national arthroplasty registries were included. The mean follow-up times were 3.0 years for the TM cups and 3.8 years for the other uncemented cups. Results — The overall survivorship up to 8 years for TM cups and other uncemented cups was 94.4% and 96.2%, respectively (p = < 0.001). Adjusting for relevant covariates in a Cox regression model the TM cups had a persistently higher revision risk than other uncemented cups (HR =1.5, 95% CI 1.4–1.7, p = < 0.001). There was a slightly higher, though not statistically significant, revision rate for PPI in the TM group (1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.6, p = 0.09). Interpretation — Risk of revision for any reason was higher for the TM cup than for other uncemented cups in primary THA. In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no evidence that the revision rate for PPI was lower in the TM cup patients. Regardless of the promising early and mid-term results for TM cups in hip revision arthroplasty, we would like to sound a note of caution on the increasing use of the TM design, especially in uncomplicated primary THAs, where uncemented titanium cups are considered to provide a reliable outcome.
PML is a ROS sensor activating p53 upon oxidative stress

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) recruit partner proteins, including p53 and its regulators, thereby controlling their abundance or function. Investigating arsenic sensitivity of acute promyelocytic leukemia, we proposed that PML oxidation promotes NB biogenesis. However, physiological links between PML and oxidative stress response in vivo remain unexplored. Here, we identify PML as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensor. Pml−/− cells accumulate ROS, whereas PML expression decreases ROS levels. Unexpectedly, Pml−/− embryos survive acute glutathione depletion. Moreover, Pml−/− animals are resistant to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity or fasting-induced steatosis. Molecularly, Pml−/− animals fail to properly activate oxidative stress–responsive p53 targets, whereas the NRF2 response is amplified and accelerated. Finally, in an oxidative stress–prone background, Pml−/− animals display a longevity phenotype, likely reflecting decreased basal p53 activation. Thus, similar to p53, PML exerts basal antioxidant properties but also drives oxidative stress–induced changes in cell survival/proliferation or metabolism in vivo. Through NB biogenesis, PML therefore couples ROS sensing to p53 responses, shedding a new light on the role of PML in senescence or stem cell biology.
Extraenzymatic functions of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV‐related proteins DP8 and DP9 in cell adhesion, migration and apoptosis

The dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene family contains the four peptidases dipeptidyl peptidase IV, fibroblast activation protein, dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and fibroblast activation protein are involved in cell–extracellular matrix interactions and tissue remodeling. Fibroblast activation protein is upregulated and dipeptidyl peptidase IV is dysregulated in chronic liver disease. The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 on cell adhesion, cell migration, wound healing and apoptosis were measured by using green fluorescent protein fusion proteins to identify transfected cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9‐overexpressing cells exhibited impaired cell adhesion, migration in transwells and monolayer wound healing on collagen I, fibronectin and Matrigel. Dipeptidyl peptidase 8‐overexpressing cells exhibited impaired cell migration on collagen I and impaired wound healing on collagen I and fibronectin in comparison to the green fluorescent protein‐transfected controls. Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 enhanced induced apoptosis, and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 overexpression increased spontaneous apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that neither the catalytic serine of dipeptidyl peptidase 8 or dipeptidyl peptidase 9 nor the Arg‐Gly‐Asp integrin‐binding motif in dipeptidyl peptidase 9 were required for the impairment of cell survival, cell adhesion or wound healing. We have previously shown that the in vitro roles of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and fibroblast activation protein in cell–extracellular matrix interactions and apoptosis are similarly independent of catalytic activity. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 overexpression reduced β‐catenin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and discoidin domain receptor 1 expression. This is the first demonstration that dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 influence cell–extracellular matrix interactions, and thus may regulate tissue remodeling.
Comparison of S100b protein with calmodulin: interactions with melittin and microtubule-associated tau proteins and inhibition of phosphorylation of tau proteins by protein kinase C.

To gauge similarities between S100b protein and calmodulin, interactions were observed between S100b and melittin and between S100b and tau, the microtubule-associated proteins. The interaction of melittin with S100b protein in the presence and absence of calcium was studied by fluorescence polarization, UV difference spectroscopy, and sulfhydryl derivatization. Whether calcium was present or not in the solution, melittin and S100b form a complex of molar ratios up to 2:1. Further binding of melittin occurred, but it resulted in precipitation of S100b, as is true of the corresponding case of melittin binding to calmodulin. In the absence of calcium, the interaction of melittin and S100b shielded the tryptophan (Trp) of the former protein and exposed cysteine-84 beta (Cys-84 beta) of the latter protein, leaving the tyrosine-16 beta (Tyr-16 beta) of S100b unaffected. Calcium addition to the complex partially restored the exposure of Trp of melittin and caused changes in the environment of Tyr-16 beta (unlike the environmental changes induced for Tyr-16 beta by calcium in the absence of melittin). The conformational changes induced in S100b by interaction with melittin increased its affinity for calcium and offset the inhibition of calcium binding otherwise observed in the presence of potassium ions. This corroborated the previous finding that S100b affinity for calcium greatly depends on the protein conformation. The phenomena described above are similar to the interactions of melittin with calmodulin and thus suggest that S100b and calmodulin have a common structural domain not only that binds melittin but also that may interact with common target proteins. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combination of interferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin in liver transplant recipients with histological recurrent hepatitis C

Recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of fibrosis and cirrhosis after liver transplantation (LT), with histological recurrence developing in at least 50% of patients within the first year. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of interferon alfa‐2b plus ribavirin in treating histological recurrent HCV after LT. Since 1998, patients with HCV with significant histological recurrence (fibrosis ≥ 3 and/or histological activity index ≥ 5) or progressive cholestatic disease after LT were treated with interferon alfa‐2b (3 million units subcutaneously three times weekly) plus ribavirin (800 to 1,000 mg/d) for 12 months. Immunosuppression was tapered to cyclosporine/FK506 monotherapy. HCV RNA was assessed at entry, week 24, end of treatment, and 6 months after therapy. The primary end point was loss of HCV RNA 6 months after therapy, whereas the secondary end point was histological response. Fifty‐four patients met criteria for treatment and have completed follow‐up. Patients were mainly men (71% men; mean age, 51 ± 5 years) with genotype 1 infection (88%) and high viral load (mean HCV RNA, 38 ± 9 mEq/mL). Dose modification was required in 72% of patients because of cytopenia or side effects. Intent‐to‐treat analysis showed that serum HCV RNA was undetectable in 19 patients (35%) week 24, 21 patients (38%) week 48, and 16 patients (30%) at the 6‐month follow‐up. Paired liver biopsy results (before and within 6 months after treatment) were available for 35 patients. Patients who achieved viral eradication had no significant progression of fibrosis after 1 year of therapy. In summary, combination therapy is a reasonable antiviral option for recurrent HCV infection for established post‐LT hepatitis and appears to prevent histological progression of disease if viral eradication is successful.
Refractive and Biometric Outcomes in Patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity Treated with Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab as Compared with Bevacizumab: A Clinical Study of Correction at Three Years of Age

Purpose To compare refractive and biometric outcomes in patients with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) versus bevacizumab (IVB), at a corrected age of 3 years. Methods A retrospective case series compared cycloplegic refractive statuses and biometric statuses in patients who received either IVR or IVB for type 1 ROP, from April 2011 to April 2014. Results A total of 62 eyes (33 patients) with type 1 ROP were evaluated (26 eyes in 13 IVR patients and 36 eyes in 20 IVB patients). There were no differences in birth statuses including gestational age and birth body weight between the two groups. The prevalence of refractive error greater than 1 D was higher in the IVB group (p = 0.03), and there was a higher prevalence of high myopia (<−5.0 D, p = 0.03) in the IVB group. Comparisons in biometric finding showed that IVB patients had shallower anterior chamber depth (p = 0.01). Conclusion Both IVR and IVB showed low refractive errors, even followed at the corrected age of 3 years. No difference was noted between the two groups in refractive statuses. However, IVB was associated with shallower anterior chamber and higher prevalence of refractive error at the corrected age of 3 years. This trial is registered with NCT03334513.
The Impact of Minimum Wage on the Labour Market in Estonia: An Empirical Analysis

In Estonia, as in several other EU acceding countries, minimum wage has been on an upward trend and in the coming years it will expectedly be raised faster than the average wage. Despite its rapid increase, the impact of the minimum wage on Estonian labour market has not been analysed. The current paper aims to fill this gap. We estimate the effect of the minimum wage on employment and wages in Estonia during the period of 1995-2000, using micro-data from Estonian Labour Force Surveys. The estimation results indicate that a minimum wage increase leads to employment reduction for the group of workers who are directly affected by this change, ie those whose wages have to be raised as a result. Additional negative effect of raising the minimum wage is that the rate of compliance with this regulation diminishes as a result, thereby enlarging the share of workers whose salaries remain below the legally set minimum.
Remote Antimicrobial Stewardship in Community Hospitals

Antimicrobial stewardship has become standard practice at university medical centers, but the practice is more difficult to implement in remote community hospitals that lack infectious diseases trained practitioners. Starting in 2011, six community hospitals within the Vidant Health system began an antimicrobial stewardship program utilizing pharmacists who reviewed charts remotely from Vidant Medical Center. Pharmacists made recommendations within the electronic medical record (EMR) to streamline, discontinue, or switch antimicrobial agents. Totals of charts reviewed, recommendations made, recommendations accepted, and categories of intervention were recorded. Linear regression was utilized to measure changes in antimicrobial use over time. For the four larger hospitals, recommendations for changes were made in an average of 45 charts per month per hospital and physician acceptance of the pharmacists’ recommendations varied between 83% and 88%. There was no significant decrease in total antimicrobial use, but much of the use was outside of the stewardship program’s review. Quinolone use decreased by more than 50% in two of the four larger hospitals. Remote antimicrobial stewardship utilizing an EMR is feasible in community hospitals and is generally received favorably by physicians. As more community hospitals adopt EMRs, there is an opportunity to expand antimicrobial stewardship beyond the academic medical center.
Organisational factors and occupational balance in working parents in Sweden

Background: Parents with small children constitute a vulnerable group as they have an increased risk of sick leave due to stress-related disorders compared to adults without children. It has been shown that mothers and fathers to small children together spend more time in paid work than any other group, which could create negative stress and an experience of low occupational balance. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine associations between organisational factors and occupational balance among parents with small children in Sweden. Methods: Data were collected by a survey including questions about occupational balance, organisational factors and age, sex, employment rate, work position, monthly household income, number of children at home, separation/divorce last five years and overtime. The total number of parents included in this study was 718 (490 mothers and 228 fathers). Logistic regression models were applied to examine the odds ratios for occupational balance in relation to organisational factors. Results: Parents who experienced positive attitudes towards parenthood and parental leave among colleagues and managers were more likely to experience high occupational balance than parents who experienced negative or neutral attitudes. Having a clear structure for handover when absent from work was also strongly associated with high occupational balance. Conclusions : The result of the present study indicates that some organisational factors could be important for the occupational balance of parents with small children.