Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal Involutions on Algebras of Degree 16 and the Killing Form of E 8

We exploit various inclusions of algebraic groups to give a new construction of groups of type E 8 , determine the Killing forms of the resulting E 8 's, and define an invariant of central simple algebras of degree 16 with orthogonal involution " in I 3 " , equivalently, groups of type D 8 with a half-spin representation defined over the base field. The determination of the Killing form is done by restricting the adjoint representation to various twisted forms of PGL 2 and requires very little computation. The first part of this paper (§ §1–6) extends the Arason invariant e 3 for quadratic forms in I 3 to central simple algebras (A, σ) " in I 3 " (this term is defined in §1) where A has degree 16 or has a hyperbolic involution. (The first case corresponds to simple linear algebraic groups of type D 8 with a half-spin representation defined over the base field.) The invariant e 3 detects whether (A, σ) is generically Pfister, see Cor. 2.6 below. We remark that the paper [BPQ] appears to rule out the existence of such an invariant by a counterexample. Our invariant exists exactly in the cases where their counterexample does not apply; surprisingly, this includes some interesting cases. The proofs in this part are not difficult, but we include this material to provide background and context for the later results. Proposition 1.4 generalizes the Arason-Pfister Hauptsatz for quadratic forms of dimension < 16, and depends on a result of Kirill Zainoulline presented in Appendix A. The real work begins in the second part of the paper (§ §7–10), where we use the inclusion PGL 2 × PSp 8 ⊂ PSO 8 to give a formula for the invariant in case (A, σ) can be written as a tensor product (Q,¯) ⊗ (C, γ), where (Q,¯) is a quaternion algebra with its canonical symplectic involution. We apply the preceding results in the third part of the paper (§ §11–16) to studying algebraic groups of type E 8. We give a construction of groups of type E 8 and compute the Rost invariant, Tits index (in some cases), and Killing form of the resulting E 8 's, see Th. 9.1, Prop. 12.1, and Th. 15.2. We compute the Killing form by branching to subgroups of type A 1 , which is somewhat cleaner than computations of other Killing forms …
From simulation to reciprocity: The case of complementary actions

A large body of research reports that perceiving body movements of other people activates motor representations in the observer's brain. This automatic resonance mechanism appears to be imitative in nature. However, action observation does not inevitably lead to symmetrical motor facilitation: Mirroring the observed movement might be disadvantageous for successfully performing joint actions. What remains unknown is how we are to resolve the possible conflict between the automatic tendency to “mirror” and the need to perform different context-related complementary actions. By using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found that observation of a double-step action characterized by an implicit complementary request engendered a shift from symmetrical simulation to reciprocity in the participants' corticospinal activity. Accordingly, differential motor facilitation was revealed for the snapshots evoking imitative and complementary gestures despite the fact that the observed type of grasp was identical. Control conditions in which participants observed the same action sequence but in a context not implying a complementary request were included as well. The results provide compelling evidence that when an observed action calls for a nonidentical complementary action, an interplay between the automatic tendency to resonate with what is observed and to implicitly prepare for the complementary action does emerge. In other words, implicit complementary requests might have the ability to draw attention to specific features of the context affording nonidentical responses.
An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA)

An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA) Steven Scott Stokes Educational Inquiry, Measurement, and Evaluation, BYU Doctor of Philosophy This study examined the psychometric properties of the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA). Using the Nominal Response Model (NRM), I examined several aspects of item and option functioning including discrimination, empirical category ordering, and information. Category Boundary Discrimination (CBD) parameters were calculated to determine the extent to which respondents distinguished between adjacent categories. Indistinguishable categories were collapsed through recoding. Empirically disordered response categories were also collapsed through recoding. Findings revealed that recoding solved some technical functioning issues in some items, and also revealed items (and perhaps option anchors) that were probably poorly conceived initially. In addition, nuisance or error variance was reduced only marginally by recoding, and the relative standing of respondents on the trait continuum remained largely unchanged. Items in need of modification or removal were identified, and issues of content validity were discussed.
Growth rules in the marine copepod genus AcurW 2

Several species of the copepod genus Acartia are shown from existing data to complete each molt-to-molt phase of the life cycle in a constant time period. This molting pattern is termed isochronul development. Increase in mass at each stage is a nearly constant fraction of the weight at the beginning of the stage (with the exception of the late nauphar stages). Coupled with isochronal development this implies that growth in Acartia is exponential in time through most of the life cycle. Under isochronal development a proportionately shorter part of the total development is spent in the copepodite stages than in forms with stages of progressively greater duration. This may be a response to preference of the predators of Acartia for the older stages or a general adaptation leading tqp a shorter life cycle and higher rates of population increase. Figure 1 is a graph of the results presented in table 1 of Landry ( 1975a). The conclusion is striking. When food is present in excess of demand, the progression of Acartia clausi Giesbrecht through its developmental stages is linear in time. Therefore, the duration of the stages must be close to constant throughout development after hatching of the egg. This holds for all temperatures tested except for the last male stage at 15OC. The data at lower temperatures are incomplete. The conclusion drawn by Landry from the data is that the time required after hatching to reach any stage at a given temperature is proportional to the time required for the eggs to hatch at that temperature. That conclusion could be true regardless of the relative times required for different stages. It is an additional fact that the durations of the stages are about equal. We will call this molting pattern isochronal deuelopment. M. Landry (personal communication) feels that the duration of the first naupliar stage ( N1) is consistently shorter, of N2 longer, and of the fifth copepodite (C,) 1 Supported by the Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program, under Office of Sea Grant (NOAA), 04-6-158-44004. ’ Contribution 705, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland. longer than the times for Ns through Ca, and further that males consistently reach maturity before females. Because Landry’s data about the variability of development times at a given temperature are not yet available, these possible deviations from constant duration of the stages cannot be evaluated. On the whole the stages are each passed in the same amount of time. Isochronal development is found in at least one other member of the genus Acartia. Heinle (1969a,b) has demonstrated it for an Atlantic population of
Subcutaneous trastuzumab: development of a new formulation for treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 is amplified or overexpressed in about 15% of breast cancers and is associated with aggressive disease. Clinical benefits of trastuzumab have been established in the treatment of both early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer have to be treated with trastuzumab for one year in combination with and sequentially after chemotherapy. This requires that trastuzumab is intravenously infused over 30–90 minutes every 3 weeks for one year which is time-consuming for both the patient and the health care provider. Consequently, a subcutaneous formulation of trastuzumab using a recombinant human hyaluronidase has been developed. Recombinant human hyaluronidase transiently increases absorption and dispersion in the subcutaneous space of large therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, allowing subcutaneous administration of trastuzumab in about 5 minutes. Thus, subcutaneous trastuzumab could represent a new treatment option that could have benefit to both the patient and the health care system. This review focuses on the development of the subcutaneous trastuzumab formulation and analyzes clinical trials assessing the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of this new formulation.
Outcomes of Technical Variant Liver Transplantation versus Whole Liver Transplantation for Pediatric Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Objective To overcome the shortage of appropriate-sized whole liver grafts for children, technical variant liver transplantation has been practiced for decades. We perform a meta-analysis to compare the survival rates and incidence of surgical complications between pediatric whole liver transplantation and technical variant liver transplantation. Methods To identify relevant studies up to January 2014, we searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. The primary outcomes measured were patient and graft survival rates, and the secondary outcomes were the incidence of surgical complications. The outcomes were pooled using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. Results The one-year, three-year, five-year patient survival rates and one-year, three-year graft survival rates were significantly higher in whole liver transplantation than technical variant liver transplantation (OR = 1.62, 1.90, 1.65, 1.78, and 1.62, respectively, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in five-year graft survival rate between the two groups (OR = 1.47, p = 0.10). The incidence of portal vein thrombosis and biliary complications were significantly lower in the whole liver transplantation group (OR = 0.45 and 0.42, both p<0.05). The incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis was comparable between the two groups (OR = 1.21, p = 0.61). Conclusions Pediatric whole liver transplantation is associated with better outcomes than technical variant liver transplantation. Continuing efforts should be made to minimize surgical complications to improve the outcomes of technical variant liver transplantation.
HECTD2 Is Associated with Susceptibility to Mouse and Human Prion Disease

Prion diseases are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative disorders, which include Scrapie, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), and kuru. They are characterised by a prolonged clinically silent incubation period, variation in which is determined by many factors, including genetic background. We have used a heterogeneous stock of mice to identify Hectd2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a quantitative trait gene for prion disease incubation time in mice. Further, we report an association between HECTD2 haplotypes and susceptibility to the acquired human prion diseases, vCJD and kuru. We report a genotype-associated differential expression of Hectd2 mRNA in mouse brains and human lymphocytes and a significant up-regulation of transcript in mice at the terminal stage of prion disease. Although the substrate of HECTD2 is unknown, these data highlight the importance of proteosome-directed protein degradation in neurodegeneration. This is the first demonstration of a mouse quantitative trait gene that also influences susceptibility to human prion diseases. Characterisation of such genes is key to understanding human risk and the molecular basis of incubation periods.
Near-ML Detection over a Reduced Dimension Hypersphere

In this paper, we propose a near-maximum likelihood (ML) detection method referred to as reduced dimension ML search (RD-MLS). The RD-MLS detector is based on a partitioned search method that divides the symbol space into two groups and searches over the vector space of one group instead of that comprising all of the symbols. First, a minimum mean square error (MMSE) dimension reduction operator suppressing the interference from the second group is applied, and then a list tree search (LTS) is performed over the symbols in the first group. For each lattice point of symbols for the first group found from the LTS, the rest of symbols are estimated by MMSE-decision feedback (MMSE-DF) estimation. Among these lattice point candidates, a final solution is chosen as a minimizer of the L2-norm criterion. From an asymptotic error probability analysis, we show that the dimension reduction loss is potentially compensated by the LTS gain proportional to the size of the list. Furthermore, we demonstrate through simulation on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmissions that the RD-MLS detector achieves substantial complexity reduction with relatively little performance loss over ML detection.
The effects of viscosity on the axial motor pattern and kinematics of the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) during lateral undulatory swimming

SUMMARY Separate studies of terrestrial and aquatic locomotion are abundant, but research addressing locomotion in transitional environments (e.g. mud) is scant. The African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) moves in a gradation of water to mud conditions during seasonal droughts, and breathes air. Thus, the lungfish was an ideal organism for our study to determine the effects of a wide range of viscosities on lateral undulatory swimming and to simulate some of the muddy conditions early tetrapods may have encountered. Regardless of viscosity, several aspects of lungfish swimming were similar to those of other swimming vertebrates including: posteriorly propagated muscle activity that was unilateral and alternated between the left and right sides at each longitudinal location, and posterior increases in the amount of bending, the amplitude of muscle activity and the timing differences between muscle activity and bending. With increased viscosity (1–1000 cSt), significant increases occurred in the amount of lateral bending of the vertebral column and the amplitude of muscle activity, particularly in the most anterior sites, but the distance the fish traveled per tail beat decreased. The magnitude of the phase shift between EMG onset relative to bending increased by as much as 13% of a cycle with increased viscosity, so that the muscles were increasingly active during lengthening rather than shortening. Therefore, with increased viscosity the relationship between axial muscle activity and bending in the lungfish became more dissimilar rather than converging on the motor pattern used by other ectothermic vertebrates when undulating in fully terrestrial environments.
Firm‐level productivity and exporting in Uganda's manufacturing sector

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate firm‐level interactions between productivity and exporting in Uganda's manufacturing sector.Design/methodology/approach – The paper empirically tested two hypotheses that relate to the dynamic gains from trade and also have tended to dominate the literature; self‐selection and learning‐by‐exporting hypotheses. It employs proxies of self‐selection and learning‐by‐exporting obtained from indices of path dependence to fit maximum likelihood estimates of export behavior.Findings – The results provide support for both hypotheses and it is also found that more experienced exporters reap more productivity gains from learning effects which is in line with the view that knowledge spillovers to exporting firms increase with the level of interaction in the global market place. Thus, learning‐by‐exporting is not a “short term” occurrence which takes place only in the first few years of entry in export markets after which it would fizzle out as a firm's exporting experience inc.
The Performance Impact of Elliptic Curve Cryptography on DNSSEC Validation

The domain name system (DNS) is a core Internet infrastructure that translates names to machine-readable information, such as IP addresses. Security flaws in DNS led to a major overhaul, with the introduction of the DNS security (DNSSEC) extensions. DNSSEC adds integrity and authenticity to the DNS using digital signatures. DNSSEC, however, has its own concerns. It suffers from availability problems due to packet fragmentation and is a potent source of distributed denial-of-service attacks. In earlier work, we argued that many issues with DNSSEC stem from the choice of RSA as default signature algorithm. A switch to alternatives based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) can resolve these issues. Yet switching to ECC introduces a new problem: ECC signature validation is much slower than RSA validation. Thus, switching DNSSEC to ECC imposes a significant additional burden on DNS resolvers, pushing load toward the edges of the network. Therefore, in this paper, we study the question: will switching DNSSEC to ECC lead to problems for DNS resolvers, or can they handle the extra load? To answer this question, we developed a model that accurately predicts how many signature validations DNS resolvers have to perform. This allows us to calculate the additional CPU load ECC imposes on a resolver. Using real-world measurements from four DNS resolvers and with two open-source DNS implementations, we evaluate future scenarios where DNSSEC is universally deployed. Our results conclusively show that switching DNSSEC to ECC signature schemes does not impose an insurmountable load on DNS resolvers, even in worst case scenarios.
Lifetime reproductive success is maximized with optimal major histocompatibility complex diversity

Individual diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is predicted to be optimal at intermediate rather than at maximal levels. We showed previously in sticklebacks that an intermediate MHC diversity is predominant in natural populations and provides maximal resistance in experimental multiple parasite infections in the laboratory. However, what counts ultimately is the lifetime reproductive success (LRS). Here, we measured LRS of six laboratory-bred sib-groups—to minimize the influence of non-MHC genes—three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) during their entire breeding period, each in a seminatural enclosure in the lake of their parents, where they were exposed to the natural spectrum of parasites. We collected developing clutches at regular intervals and determined parenthood for a representative number of eggs (2279 in total) per clutch with 18 microsatellites. Both males and females with an intermediate MHC class IIB variant number had the highest LRS. The mechanistic link of MHC diversity and LRS differed between the sexes: in females, we found evidence for a trade-off between number of eggs and immunocompentence, whereas in males this correlation was concealed by different timing strategies of reproduction.
Palliative care by nurses in rural and remote practice.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the experiences of a group of rural and remote nurses in providing palliative care and to discuss the implications of this evaluation for the development and implementation of professional support strategies. DESIGN Semi-structured survey comprising 23 items measuring perceptions of the nature of rural and remote practice, the provision of palliative care in these settings and the appropriateness of various professional development strategies; as well as 12 open-ended questions to obtain qualitative descriptions relating to key concepts in rural and remote practice. SETTING Rural and remote communities in the Southern zone of Queensland Health. SUBJECTS Thirty-one registered and enrolled nurses, all female, who attended a two-day professional development workshop. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of characteristics of, barriers against and strategies to support the practice of palliative care in rural and remote communities. RESULTS High levels of agreement with key statements relating to issues evident in contemporary literature regarding rural and remote nursing practice; qualitative descriptions show congruence with key statements. CONCLUSIONS This evaluation demonstrated congruence between the challenges faced by this group of nurses and those reported in the literature. These nurses identified the importance of peer networking as an integral part of their work, which enhanced their potential as rural and remote palliative care providers.
Neuropsychologie bei Epilepsie Teil II: Gibt es eine gemeinsame Basis zur Etablierung diagnostischer Leitlinien?

Neuropsychological assessment has become an essential tool for the diagnosis and outcome control in the clinical management of epilepsy. However, only a few attempts have been made to formulate explicit guidelines about which cognitive domains should be addressed in epilepsy patients and which of the various coexisting neuropsychological tests would provide an appropriate and evidence-based assessment. The present survey among 14 epilepsy centres in German-speaking countries indicates that there is at least some consensus concerning the cognitive domains which need to be addressed. However, concerning test selection a large diversity of more than 200 applied psychometric tests among the different epilepsy centres becomes evident. Evidence-based test selection was only seen in 25% of the applied instruments. One-third of the tests are conducted because of pragmatic reasons or due to subjective preferences, whereas for the majority of tests no justification is provided. Taking into consideration the bulk of publications on cognition and epilepsy, it is time to establish an evidence-based core test battery for the use in epilepsy patients. Therefore a closer communication between centres is needed to come to an agreement and to accumulate experience with already established and newly developed tests in order to promote evidence-based neuropsychology in the field of epilepsy.
Assessing measurement invariance of the diabetes stress questionnaire in youth with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire (DSQ), a measure of diabetes-specific stress, across sex, age (<9th grade vs. ≥9th grade), and glycemic control (optimal vs. suboptimal). METHODS Data from 318 adolescent participants were pooled from four archival data sets and the ongoing Predicting Resiliency in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes study in which the DSQ was completed. Confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses were conducted to confirm the proposed factor structure and measurement invariance across sex, age, and glycemic control. RESULTS The DSQ factor structure was found to have an acceptable fit, which was invariant across sex, age, and glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS When using the DSQ, differences in diabetes-related stress with respect to sex, age, or glycemic control can be considered meaningful. This study supports the DSQ as an evidence-based and well-established assessment of perceived diabetes stress in youth with type 1 diabetes.