Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of preferred coaching leadership behaviors of college athletes in individual and team sports

Preferences for specific coaching behaviors of male and female athletes in individual and team sports were measured by the Moditication and Revision of the Leadership Scale for Sport Ss (N = 167) were selected from individual (wrestling and men's and women's track and field) and team (men's basketball, baseball, and softball) sports at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. There were differences between individual and team sport athletes and between male and female athletes' preferences for specific coaching behaviors (p <.05). Differences were found in Democratic Behavior (DB), Autocratic Behavior (AB), Positive Feedback (PF), and Social Support (SS) (p <.05). No differences were found in Simational Considerations (SC) or Training and Instruction (TI). There were differences between sports teams' preferences for specific coaching behaviors (p <.05), Post hoc comparisons of the 6 subscales tested showed there were significant differences between the preferences of specific sports teams in DB, AB, PF, SC, and SS (p <.05). No differences were found in TI. It is recommended that coaches align their coaching style to meet the needs of their team. Coaches should consider dependence and gender as factors that influence satisfaction and performance of their athletes.
Evaluation of Paper-Pen based Sketching Interface

The retrieval and browsing of diagrammatic information extracted from hand-drawn diagrams would open up a rich form of information interaction. However, such sketches currently require handannotations in order to be understood by the computer. While improvements in sketch recognition algorithms have enabled automatic recognition for Tablet PCsketched diagrams, such progress has been constrained to online algorithms. As a result, offline algorithms that are relevant to diagrams sketched on paper remain dominantly domain-dependent, and are also restrictive in the number of diagrams that can be understood. In this paper, we discuss our research aims for providing users with information interaction that exploit the advantages of automatic correction capabilities found in online sketch recognition algorithms, with the low-cost advantages found in paper usage.
Retrieval Practice Facilitates Judgments of Learning Through Multiple Mechanisms: Simultaneous and Independent Contribution of Retrieval Confidence and Retrieval Fluency

Prior studies have shown that predictions of subsequent performance (i.e., Judgments of Learning, JoLs) following practice tests are more accurate than those following re-study. The majority of studies have suggested that retrieval practice allows people to base their predictions on the current retrieval outcomes so that they assign a higher likelihood of remembering the answers with high confidence. We speculated that other information made available through retrieval practice might also be important for JoLs. In the present study, we asked participants to study word pairs and undergo either a practice test or re-study. Two testing formats (cued-recall and multiple choice) were administrated for practice tests in two separate experiments. After each practice trial, participants rated their confidence in the current retrieval accuracy (test) or confidence in acquisition (re-study), followed by a JoL rating where participants predicted their performance in the final test one day later. The results of both experiments showed that the correlation between JoL ratings and the final accuracy was higher for trials practiced with testing. Moreover, using mediation analyses, we found that this high correspondence was only partially mediated by participants’ confidence in practice tests. More importantly, the reaction time of retrieval also significantly mediated the correspondence between JoLs and the final accuracy, suggesting that participants were able to correctly base their JoLs on multiple sources of information that is made available through retrieval practice. We conclude that practice testing benefits JoLs through multiple mechanisms.
Missing Variables in Theories of Strategic Human Resource Management: Time, Cause, and Individuals

Much progress has been made with regard to theory building and application in the field of Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) since Wright and McMahan? s (1992) critical review. While researchers have increasingly investigated the impact of HR on economic success within the Resource Based view of the firm, and have developed more middle level theories regarding the processes through which HR impacts firm performance, much work still needs to be done. This paper examines how future theorizing in SHRM should explore the concepts of time, cause, and individuals. Such consideration will drive more longitudinal research, more complex causal models, and consideration of multi-level phenomena.
Real-Time RGB-D Camera Relocalization via Randomized Ferns for Keyframe Encoding

Recovery from tracking failure is essential in any simultaneous localization and tracking system. In this context, we explore an efficient keyframe-based relocalization method based on frame encoding using randomized ferns. The method enables automatic discovery of keyframes through online harvesting in tracking mode, and fast retrieval of pose candidates in the case when tracking is lost. Frame encoding is achieved by applying simple binary feature tests which are stored in the nodes of an ensemble of randomized ferns. The concatenation of small block codes generated by each fern yields a global compact representation of camera frames. Based on those representations we define the frame dissimilarity as the block-wise hamming distance (BlockHD). Dissimilarities between an incoming query frame and a large set of keyframes can be efficiently evaluated by simply traversing the nodes of the ferns and counting image co-occurrences in corresponding code tables. In tracking mode, those dissimilarities decide whether a frame/pose pair is considered as a novel keyframe. For tracking recovery, poses of the most similar keyframes are retrieved and used for reinitialization of the tracking algorithm. The integration of our relocalization method into a hand-held KinectFusion system allows seamless continuation of mapping even when tracking is frequently lost.
Improving immunisation coverage in rural India: clustered randomised controlled evaluation of immunisation campaigns with and without incentives

Objective To assess the efficacy of modest non-financial incentives on immunisation rates in children aged 1-3 and to compare it with the effect of only improving the reliability of the supply of services. Design Clustered randomised controlled study. Setting Rural Rajasthan, India. Participants 1640 children aged 1-3 at end point. Interventions 134 villages were randomised to one of three groups: a once monthly reliable immunisation camp (intervention A; 379 children from 30 villages); a once monthly reliable immunisation camp with small incentives (raw lentils and metal plates for completed immunisation; intervention B; 382 children from 30 villages), or control (no intervention, 860 children in 74 villages). Surveys were undertaken in randomly selected households at baseline and about 18 months after the interventions started (end point). Main outcome measures Proportion of children aged 1-3 at the end point who were partially or fully immunised. Results Among children aged 1-3 in the end point survey, rates of full immunisation were 39% (148/382, 95% confidence interval 30% to 47%) for intervention B villages (reliable immunisation with incentives), 18% (68/379, 11% to 23%) for intervention A villages (reliable immunisation without incentives), and 6% (50/860, 3% to 9%) for control villages. The relative risk of complete immunisation for intervention B versus control was 6.7 (4.5 to 8.8) and for intervention B versus intervention A was 2.2 (1.5 to 2.8). Children in areas neighbouring intervention B villages were also more likely to be fully immunised than those from areas neighbouring intervention A villages (1.9, 1.1 to 2.8). The average cost per immunisation was $28 (1102 rupees, about £16 or €19) in intervention A and $56 (2202 rupees) in intervention B. Conclusions Improving reliability of services improves immunisation rates, but the effect remains modest. Small incentives have large positive impacts on the uptake of immunisation services in resource poor areas and are more cost effective than purely improving supply. Trial registration IRSCTN87759937.
A powerful and flexible approach to the analysis of RNA sequence count data

MOTIVATION A number of penalization and shrinkage approaches have been proposed for the analysis of microarray gene expression data. Similar techniques are now routinely applied to RNA sequence transcriptional count data, although the value of such shrinkage has not been conclusively established. If penalization is desired, the explicit modeling of mean-variance relationships provides a flexible testing regimen that 'borrows' information across genes, while easily incorporating design effects and additional covariates. RESULTS We describe BBSeq, which incorporates two approaches: (i) a simple beta-binomial generalized linear model, which has not been extensively tested for RNA-Seq data and (ii) an extension of an expression mean-variance modeling approach to RNA-Seq data, involving modeling of the overdispersion as a function of the mean. Our approaches are flexible, allowing for general handling of discrete experimental factors and continuous covariates. We report comparisons with other alternate methods to handle RNA-Seq data. Although penalized methods have advantages for very small sample sizes, the beta-binomial generalized linear model, combined with simple outlier detection and testing approaches, appears to have favorable characteristics in power and flexibility. AVAILABILITY An R package containing examples and sample datasets is available at http://www.bios.unc.edu/research/genomic_software/BBSeq CONTACT yzhou@bios.unc.edu; fwright@bios.unc.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anti-allergic Hydroxy Fatty Acids from Typhonium blumei Explored through ChemGPS-NP

Increasing prevalence of allergic diseases with an inadequate variety of treatment drives forward search for new alternative drugs. Fatty acids, abundant in nature, are regarded as important bioactive compounds and powerful nutrients playing an important role in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Phytochemical study on Typhonium blumei Nicolson and Sivadasan (Araceae), a folk anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory medicine, yielded four oxygenated fatty acids, 12R-hydroxyoctadec-9Z,13E-dienoic acid methyl ester (1) and 10R-hydroxyoctadec-8E,12Z-dienoic acid methyl ester (2), 9R-hydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (3), and 12R*-hydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (4). Isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods along with GC-MS analysis. Isolated fatty acids together with a series of saturated, unsaturated and oxygenated fatty acids were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities in vitro. Unsaturated (including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids) as well as hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids exerted strong anti-inflammatory activity in superoxide anion generation (IC50 2.14–3.73 μM) and elastase release (IC50 1.26–4.57 μM) assays. On the other hand, in the anti-allergic assays, the unsaturated fatty acids were inactive, while hydroxylated fatty acids showed promising inhibitory activity in A23187- and antigen-induced degranulation assays (e.g., 9S-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, IC50 92.4 and 49.7 μM, respectively). According to our results, the presence of a hydroxy group in the long chain did not influence the potent anti-inflammatory activity of free unsaturated acids. Nevertheless, hydroxylation of fatty acids (or their methyl esters) seems to be a key factor for the anti-allergic activity observed in the current study. Moreover, ChemGPS-NP was explored to predict the structure-activity relationship of fatty acids. The anti-allergic fatty acids formed different cluster distant from clinically used drugs. The bioactivity of T. blumei, which is historically utilized in folk medicine, might be related to the content of fatty acids and their metabolites.
Modulation of Motor Cortex Excitability by Physical Similarity with an Observed Hand Action

The passive observation of hand actions is associated with increased motor cortex excitability, presumably reflecting activity within the human mirror neuron system (MNS). Recent data show that in-group ethnic membership increases motor cortex excitability during observation of culturally relevant hand gestures, suggesting that physical similarity with an observed body part may modulate MNS responses. Here, we ask whether the MNS is preferentially activated by passive observation of hand actions that are similar or dissimilar to self in terms of sex and skin color. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials were recorded from the first dorsal interosseus muscle while participants viewed videos depicting index finger movements made by female or male participants with black or white skin color. Forty-eight participants equally distributed in terms of sex and skin color participated in the study. Results show an interaction between self-attributes and physical attributes of the observed hand in the right motor cortex of female participants, where corticospinal excitability is increased during observation of hand actions in a different skin color than that of the observer. Our data show that specific physical properties of an observed action modulate motor cortex excitability and we hypothesize that in-group/out-group membership and self-related processes underlie these effects.
Luna stain, an improved selective stain for detection of microsporidian spores in histologic sections.

Microsporidia in histologic sections are most often diagnosed by observing spores in host tissues. Spores are easy to identify if they occur in large aggregates or xenomas when sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). However, individual spores are not frequently detected in host tissues with conventional H&E staining, particularly if spores are scattered within the tissues, areas of inflammation, or small spores in nuclei (i.e. Nucleospora salmonis). Hence, a variety of selective stains that enhance visualization of spores is recommended. We discovered that the Luna stain, used to highlight eosinophils, red blood cells, and chitin in arthropods and other invertebrates, also stains spores of Pseudoloma neurophilia. We compared this stain to the Gram, Fite's acid fast, Giemsa, and H&E stains on 8 aquatic microsporidian organisms that were readily available in our 2 laboratories: Loma salmonae, Glugea anomala, Pseudoloma neurophilia, Pleistophora hyphessobryconis, Pleistophora vermiformis, Glugea sp. , Steinhausia mytilovum, and an unidentified microsporidian from UK mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis. Based on tinctorial properties and background staining, the Luna stain performed better for detection of 6 of the 8 microsporidia. Gram stain was superior for the 2 microsporidia from invertebrates: S. mytilovum and the unidentified microsporidian from E. sinensis.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, RESEARCH, AND IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN A HEALTH REGION IN ALBERTA, CANADA

Objectives: To determine the need for and implement health technology assessment (HTA) to inform decision making and policy within a regional health care system in Calgary (Alberta, Canada). Methods: Published literature and organizational materials for the Calgary Health Region (CHR) and HTA units worldwide were reviewed. Key individuals within the provincial health ministry (Alberta Health and Wellness), CHR, the University of Calgary (U of C), funding agencies, and HTA organizations were consulted in a structured fashion. A structure for a regional HTA program was developed, taking into account relationships between these organizations. Results: A locally focused HTA and implementation unit was deemed desirable. The Calgary Health Technology Implementation Unit (CaHTIU) was established. The CaHTIU was designed to efficiently integrate with CHR planning as well as undertake independent research activities. HTA activities focus primarily on CHR needs and are managed by a Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) that consists of CHR management and other key individuals. Working groups contribute to and coordinate HTAs and implementation under the leadership of the unit Director, and include content as well as management individuals. The unit cooperates where appropriate with extant Canadian HTA organizations. Conclusions: The Calgary HTA unit is unique in Canada, because it functions within a regional health care system as well as a research institution. Advantages include a local focus in terms of applied HTAs, a systematic process for implementation of recommendations, and a collaborative atmosphere for research within the U of C.This work was supported by the Calgary Health Technology Implementation Unit. The authors thank Dr. Lloyd Sutherland of the University of Calgary and Dr. Dev Menon of the Institute of Health Economics for their important roles in the formation of the Calgary Health Technology Implementation Unit.
Chronic administration of the neurotrophic agent cerebrolysin ameliorates the behavioral and morphological changes induced by neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion in a rat model of schizophrenia

Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (nVHL) in rats has been widely used as a neurodevelopmental model to mimic schizophrenia‐like behaviors. Recently, we reported that nVHLs result in dendritic retraction and spine loss in prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, has been reported to ameliorate the synaptic and dendritic pathology in models of aging and neurodevelopmental disorder such as Rett syndrome. This study sought to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations in nVHL rats. The behavioral analysis included locomotor activity induced by novel environment and amphetamine, social interaction, and sensoriomotor gating. The morphological evaluation included dendritic analysis by using the Golgi‐Cox procedure and stereology to quantify the total cell number in PFC and NAcc. Behavioral data show a reduction in the hyperresponsiveness to novel environment‐ and amphetamine‐induced locomotion, with an increase in the total time spent in social interactions and in prepulse inhibition in Cbl‐treated nVHL rats. In addition, neuropathological analysis of the limbic regions also showed amelioration of dendritic retraction and spine loss in Cbl‐treated nVHL rats. Cbl treatment also ameliorated dendritic pathology and neuronal loss in the PFC and NAcc in nVHL rats. This study demonstrates that Cbl promotes behavioral improvements and recovery of dendritic neuronal damage in postpubertal nVHL rats and suggests that Cbl may have neurotrophic effects in this neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. These findings support the possibility that Cbl has beneficial effects in the management of schizophrenia symptoms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased Superoxide Generation Is Associated With Pulmonary Hypertension in Fetal Lambs: A Role for NADPH Oxidase

Abstract— Ligation of the ductus arteriosus in utero produces pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in fetal and newborn lambs. However, the mechanisms producing these vascular changes are not well defined. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of smooth muscle cell proliferation, we hypothesized that increased formation of ROS may be involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension after in utero ductal ligation. Using ethidium fluorescence, we demonstrated an increase in superoxide levels after 9 days of ductal ligation compared with control lungs (P <0.05) that was localized to the adventitia and smooth muscle cells of hypertensive vessels. SOD-1 and SOD-2 protein levels and activities in lung, vein, and artery of hypertensive lambs were unchanged relative to controls after 2 days of ductal ligation. However, after 9 days, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly decreased in arteries from ligated lambs without associated changes in SOD protein expression (P <0.05). Examination of NADPH oxidase expression as a potential source of the superoxide production indicated that the levels of p67phox, a subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex, were significantly increased in the pulmonary arteries, but not veins, from the ligated lung as early as 2 days (P <0.05). Functional analyses demonstrated that reducing superoxide levels significantly increased the NO-mediated relaxation of pulmonary arteries isolated after 9 days, but not 2 days, of ductal ligation (P <0.05). These results suggest that increased NADPH oxidase expression may increase levels of superoxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn lung tissue, and that increased superoxide blunts vascular relaxations to exogenous NO while stimulating smooth muscle cell growth.