Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single dose dipyrone for acute renal colic pain.

BACKGROUND Renal colic pain is extremely painful and requires immediate treatment with strong analgesics. Dipyrone is the most popular non-opioid first line analgesic in many countries but in others it has been banned (e.g. USA, UK) because of its association with blood dyscrasias such as agranulocytosis. Since dipyrone is used in many countries (e.g. Brazil, Spain) there is a need to determine the benefits and harms of its use to treat renal colic pain. OBJECTIVES To assess quantitatively the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of single-dose dipyrone in adults with moderate to severe renal colic pain. SEARCH STRATEGY Published reports were identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, LILACS) and additional studies were identified from the reference lists of retrieved reports. Date of the most recent search: January 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria were: full journal publication; RCT with a double-blind design; adult patients with baseline renal colic pain of moderate or severe intensity; treatment arms which included dipyrone (oral, intramuscular or intravenous administration) and a control; single dose data. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Summed pain intensity and pain relief data were extracted and converted into dichotomous information to yield the number of patients with at least 50% pain relief over 15-30 minutes, 1-2 hours and six hours. The proportion of patients with at least 50% pain relief was calculated. Single dose adverse effect data were collected. MAIN RESULTS Eleven studies with 1053 patients (550 on dipyrone) met the inclusion criteria. Unfortunately, few data were available for analysis; most analyses were based on the results of single, small trials and statistical pooling of the results was inappropriate. Efficacy estimates were calculated as the weighted mean percent of patients achieving at least 50% pain relief with the range of values from trials contributing to the analysis. However, these estimates were not robust. Commonly reported adverse effects with intravenous dipyrone were dry mouth and somnolence, and one study reported pain at the injection site. Insufficient information was available for safety analyses to be conducted. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Limited available data indicated that single dose dipyrone was of similar efficacy to other analgesics used in renal colic pain, although intramuscular dipyrone was less effective than diclofenac 75 mg. Combining dipyrone with antispasmolytic agents did not appear to improve its efficacy. Intravenous dipyrone was more effective than intramuscular dipyrone. Dry mouth and somnolence were commonly reported with intravenous dipyrone. None of the studies reported agranulocytosis.
The mechanics of hyperactivation in adhered human sperm

Hyperactivation is an important phenomenon exhibited by mammalian sperm during the process of acquiring fertilization capacity. The majority of studies have focused on incubation-induced hyperactivation in non-human species, which typically differ in size, shape, and are more homogeneous than human sperm. We develop an alternative approach via drug-induction, using high-speed imaging and analysis of same-cell changes in the flagellar movement of adhered cells. Following stimulation with 4-aminopyridine, approximately two-thirds (21 of 34) of the cells analysed exhibited a waveform with a single characteristic frequency; in all cases, the frequency was lower than before stimulation. The remaining cells (13 of 34) exhibited a more complex motility with multiple-frequency modes. The lowest mode in all cases was lower than the frequency prior to stimulation. Flagellar bending increased in all cells following stimulation and was significantly greater in the multiple-frequency responders. Despite the increased bending, time-averaged hydrodynamic power dissipation decreased significantly when assessed across all cells, the effect being significantly greater in the multiple-frequency responders than single frequency. These results reveal the heterogeneity of responses of human sperm to a hyperactivating stimulus, the methodology being potentially useful for assessing dynamic responses to stimuli in human sperm, and physiological selection of cells for assisted reproduction.
Real-Time Search over a Microblogging System

The microblog systems are becoming more and more popular in recent years, including twitter and sina weibo, etc. Users are not only used to release the latest news, but also willing to search interesting topics in the system. However, two main issues make real-time search over a microblog system challenging. First, the volume of data in a system is quite huge. Second, the users are eager to get the response in short time. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a real-time search system for a microblog system, which includes four key modules, including data preprocessing, indexing, searching and ranking. The extensive experiments on the real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.
Axon-somatic back-propagation in detailed models of spinal alpha motoneurons

Antidromic action potentials following distal stimulation of motor axons occasionally fail to invade the soma of alpha motoneurons in spinal cord, due to their passing through regions of high non-uniformity. Morphologically detailed conductance-based models of cat spinal alpha motoneurons have been developed, with the aim to reproduce and clarify some aspects of the electrophysiological behavior of the antidromic axon-somatic spike propagation. Fourteen 3D morphologically detailed somata and dendrites of cat spinal alpha motoneurons have been imported from an open-access web-based database of neuronal morphologies, NeuroMorpho.org, and instantiated in neurocomputational models. An axon hillock, an axonal initial segment and a myelinated axon are added to each model. By sweeping the diameter of the axonal initial segment (AIS) and the axon hillock, as well as the maximal conductances of sodium channels at the AIS and at the soma, the developed models are able to show the relationships between different geometric and electrophysiological configurations and the voltage attenuation of the antidromically traveling wave. In particular, a greater than usually admitted sodium conductance at AIS is necessary and sufficient to overcome the dramatic voltage attenuation occurring during antidromic spike propagation both at the myelinated axon-AIS and at the AIS-soma transitions.
Is There a Quiet Revolution in Women's Travel? Revisiting the Gender Gap in Commuting

Abstract Gender is both an archetypal and adaptive dimension of the urban condition and, thus, remains a key moving target for planning practitioners and scholars alike. This is especially true of women's growing, if not revolutionary, involvement in the economy. A familiar exception is the trip linking work and home, which has been consistently and persistently shorter for women than men. That said, new reports suggest that the gender gap in commuting time and distance may have quietly vanished in some areas. To explore this possibility, I use panel data from the American Housing Survey to better measure and explain commute trends for the entire United States from 1985 through 2005. They overwhelmingly indicate that differences stubbornly endure, with men's and women's commuting distances converging only slowly and commuting times diverging. My results also show that commuting times are converging for all races, especially for women, and women's trips to work by transit are dwindling rapidly. Thus sex continues to play an important role explaining travel, housing, and labor market dynamics, with major implications for planning practice.
CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNITY INVOLVED IN AUTOCHTHONOUS TUMOR REJECTION IN RATS *

There have been numerous studies on the host response against tumors; however, only a few of them have been concerned with the autochthonous tumor-host relationship. Needless to say, the autochthonous tumor-host system should be used for a strict analysis of tumor-specific immune reactions. Takeda et a1.l demonstrated the tumor-specific transplantation resistance to autochthonous methylcholanthrene ( MCA ) -induced rat tumors in the primary hosts. They used a ligation-and-release technique to induce resistance to autografts, and then classified tumor strains into three groups with highly antigenic (HAT), moderately antigenic ( MAT), and low antigenic tumors (LAT) , according to their transplantabilities in the autochthonous hosts. In vitro cytotoxic studies revealed that immune lymphoid cells, but not sera, from rats whose autologous tumor grafts had regressed, destroyed the cultured autologous tumor cells. The grade of transplantation resistance to autochthonous tumors in vivo was parallel to the degree of lymphoid cellmediated in vitro cytotoxicity to them. ' Production of humoral antibody against the autochthonous tumor cells was not detected with cytotoxic tests, immunofluorescence or the immune adherence :I Time lapse phase-contrast cinemicrography of highly antigenic tumors showed a marked in virro destruction of autologous target tumor cells with lymphoid cells from the primary host after a 24to 48-hour incubation. Both lymphocytes and macrophages seemed responsible for tumor destruction as far as could be determined by cinemicrography. The existence of a diffusible cytotoxic substance, which had been demonstrated in syngeneic tumor systems in mice,'. s was not confirmed in the autochthonous tumor system in rats. ' Histologic studies of tumor autografts showed a marked mononuclear cell infiltration and decrease of tumor cells in HAT, whereas a slight cellular reaction and progressive proliferation of tumor cells occurred in LAT. Electron microscopically, lymphocytes were predominant in tumor tissue of HAT undergoing rejection.3 To investigate the mechanism of autochthonous tumor rejection further, the following studies were made: (a) time-course studies of electron microscopy of tumor autografts, either HAT or LAT; (b) an immunofluorescence study of tumor section with rabbit antirat T-cell serum to identify the reacting lymphoid
Hot-pressed silicon nitride with various lanthanide oxides as sintering additives

The effects of addition of various lanthanide oxides and their mixture with Y2O3 on the sintering of Si3N4 were investigated. The addition of simple and mixed lanthanide oxides promoted the densification of Si3N4 in hot-pressing at 1800 C under 300-400kg/ centimeters squared for 60 min. The crystallization of yttrium and lanthanide-silicon oxynitrides which was observed inn the sintered body containing yttrium-lanthanide mixed oxides as additives led to the formation of a highly refractory Si3N4 ceramic having a bending strength of 82 and 84 kg/millimeters squared at room temperature and 1300 C respectively. In a Y2O3+La2O3 system, a higher molar ratio of La2O3 to Y2O3 gave a higher hardness and strength at high temperatures. It was found that 90 min was an optimum sintering time for the highest strength.
Geographical variation in reproductive character displacement in mate choice by male sailfin mollies

Female Amazon mollies, Poecilia formosa, are a unisexual species that reproduce by gynogenesis. They must coexist and mate with males of other species (usually the mollies Poecilia latipinna or Poecilia mexicana) to induce embryogenesis, but inheritance is strictly maternal. We examined the mating preference of the male sailfin molly, P. latipinna, for female sailfin mollies versus Amazon mollies, P. formosa. We compared the mating preferences of sympatric and allopatric populations collected throughout the Gulf Coast of North America. Male P. latipinna from six populations sympatric with Amazon mollies showed a significantly greater strength of preference for conspecific sailfin females than males from five populations that were allopatric with Amazon mollies. These results provide strong evidence for reproductive character displacement of male mate choice in sympatry. Furthermore, the large geographical range of populations that we tested revealed variation among populations within sympatry and allopatry, indicating that it is important to evaluate a large number of populations when examining reproductive character displacement.
Net digestive absorption and adaptive hyperphagia in adult short bowel patients

Background and aims: Intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection in humans is debated. We have quantified in adult short bowel (remnant small bowel length <2 m) patients oral intake and net digestive absorption and their evolution over time. Patients and methods: Oral intake and faecal output were studied over three days in 90 patients (39 and 51 without or with parenteral nutrition, respectively) and in 14 patients in early (<6 months) and late (>6 months) periods after digestive continuity. Nitrogen and fat output were measured using chemiluminescence and Van de Kamer techniques, respectively. Results: In the whole group, 81% of patients had hyperphagia (spontaneous oral intake >1.5×resting energy expenditure), independently and negatively related to fat absorption (p<0.01) and body mass index (p<0.001) but not braked by the presence of parenteral nutrition. Protein and fat absorption were related to small bowel length. We observed, in the late in comparison with the early period after digestive continuity: an increase in oral intake (1.6 v 2.3 resting energy expenditure), decrease in stool weight/oral intake ratio, no reduction in per cent fat absorption, and protein absorption improvement associated with a significant increase in the amount of protein absorbed (40 v 64 g/day; p<0.05), both being correlated with remnant small bowel length (p<0.01). Conclusions: This study confirms an adaptive hyperphagia in adult short bowel patients. Over time, hyperphagia and amount of protein absorbed increased, the latter being related to remnant small bowel length, indicating a behavioural adaptation that allows expression of intestinal absorptive adaptation.
Chemokine-Induced Secretion of Gelatinase B in Primary Human Monocytes

Abstract Chemokines help control normal leukocyte trafficking as well as their infiltration into tissues during acute and chronic inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) help support the extravasation and infiltration of leukocytes through limited proteolysis of basement membranes and matrix material. The effect of the chemokines RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL and SDF-1/CXCL12 on secretion of the matrix metalloproteinase B and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 was studied. RANTES/CCL5 and SDF-1/CXCL12 were found to induce MMP-9 secretion in primary human monocytes while TIMP-1 secretion was not affected. RANTES/CCL5 effects were mediated through CCR1 because the CCR1 antagonist BX471 was found to effectively block RANTES/CCL5-induced MMP-9 secretion.
SMART : Scalable , Bandwidth-Aware Monitoring of Continuous Aggregation Queries

We present SMART, a scalable, bandwidth-aware monitoring system that maximizes result precision of continuous aggregate queries over distributed data streams. While previous approaches reduce bandwidth cost under fixed precision constraints, in practice, monitoring systems may still incur a substantial cost risking overload under bursty traffic conditions. SMART therefore bounds the worst-case system cost to provide overload resilience and to facilitate practical deployment of monitoring systems. The primary challenge for SMART is how to select dynamic updates at each node in a distributed system to maximize global precision while keeping per-node monitoring bandwidth below a specified budget. To address this challenge, SMART’s hierarchical algorithm (1) allocates bandwidth budgets in a nearoptimal manner to maximize global precision and (2) selftunes bandwidth settings to improve precision under dynamic workloads. Our prototype implementation of SMART provides key solutions to (a) prioritize pending updates for multi-attribute queries, (b) build bounded fan-in, load-aware aggregation trees to improve accuracy and fast anomaly detection, and (c) combine temporal batching with arithmetic filtering to reduce load and to quantify result staleness. Finally, our evaluation using simulations and a network monitoring application shows that SMART improves accuracy by up to an order of magnitude compared to uniform bandwidth allocation and performs close to the optimal algorithm under modest bandwidth budgets.
Glc7–Reg1 Phosphatase Signals to Yck1,2 Casein Kinase 1 to Regulate Transport Activity and Glucose-Induced Inactivation of Saccharomyces Maltose Permease

The Saccharomyces casein kinase 1 isoforms encoded by the essential gene pair YCK1 and YCK2 control cell growth and morphogenesis and are linked to the endocytosis of several membrane proteins. Here we define roles for the Yck1,2 kinases in Mal61p maltose permease activation and trafficking, using a yck1Δ yck2-2ts (yckts) strain with conditional Yck activity. Moreover, we provide evidence that Glc7–Reg1 phosphatase acts as an upstream activator of Yck1,2 kinases in a novel signaling pathway that modulates kinase activity in response to carbon source availability. The yckts strain exhibits significantly reduced maltose transport activity despite apparently normal levels and cell surface localization of maltose permease protein. Glucose-induced internalization and rapid loss of maltose transport activity of Mal61/HAp-GFP are not observed in the yckts strain and maltose permease proteolysis is blocked. We show that a reg1Δ mutant exhibits a phenotype remarkably similar to that conferred by yckts. The reg1Δ phenotype is not enhanced in the yckts reg1Δ double mutant and is suppressed by increased Yck1,2p dosage. Further, although Yck2p localization and abundance do not change in the reg1Δ mutant, Yck1,2 kinase activity, as assayed by glucose-induced HXT1 expression and Mth1 repressor stability, is substantially reduced in the reg1Δ strain.
Effects of ofx‐Blockade on Arterial Compliance in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

The effects of blockade of cq-adrenergic receptors on the mechanical properties of the arterial wall were studied in 10 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared with 10 matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Ascending aortic pressure and flow were recorded in open-chest anesthetized rats, and the systemic arterial compliance was calculated. Intravenous injection (1 mg/kg) of Urapidil, a selective α-adrenergic antagonist, induced a significant decrease in arterial pressure (-26%, p<0.01 and -37%, p<0.001 in WKY rats and SHR, respectively) without significant changes in cardiac output. In control conditions, systemic arterial compliance was lower in SHR (3.29 ±1.52 /il/mm Hg) than in WKY rats (4J5±U5 fil/mm Hg, p<0.01). Urapidil injection induced significant increases in systemic arterial compliance values in both strains (p<0.001). In another set of experiments (15 WKY rats and 15 SHR), the carotid compliance (filjmm Hg) was determined from the arterial volumepressure relation under control conditions, after local incubation with Urapidil, and after total abolition of the vascular smooth muscle by KCN. In WKY rats, the carotid compliance increased markedly after incubation with Urapidil at doses corresponding to 1 mg/kg (+31%, p<0.01). A further increase in the carotid compliance was observed after KCN poisoning (+11%, p<0.05). In SHR, incubation with Urapidil at doses corresponding to 2 mg/kg were necessary to induce a significant increase in compliance (+38%). At this dosage, there was no further increase in compliance after KCN poisoning. The present study suggests that (^blockade influences the arterial compliance in normotensive and hypertensive rats independently of its effects on the arterial blood pressure.
Autonomous multilateral debridement with the Raven surgical robot

Autonomous robot execution of surgical sub-tasks has the potential to reduce surgeon fatigue and facilitate supervised tele-surgery. This paper considers the sub-task of surgical debridement: removing dead or damaged tissue fragments to allow the remaining healthy tissue to heal. We present an autonomous multilateral surgical debridement system using the Raven, an open-architecture surgical robot with two cable-driven 7 DOF arms. Our system combines stereo vision for 3D perception with trajopt, an optimization-based motion planner, and model predictive control (MPC). Laboratory experiments involving sensing, grasping, and removal of 120 fragments suggest that an autonomous surgical robot can achieve robustness comparable to human performance. Our robot system demonstrated the advantage of multilateral systems, as the autonomous execution was 1.5× faster with two arms than with one; however, it was two to three times slower than a human. Execution speed could be improved with better state estimation that would allow more travel between MPC steps and fewer MPC replanning cycles. The three primary contributions of this paper are: (1) introducing debridement as a sub-task of interest for surgical robotics, (2) demonstrating the first reliable autonomous robot performance of a surgical sub-task using the Raven, and (3) reporting experiments that highlight the importance of accurate state estimation for future research. Further information including code, photos, and video is available at: http://rll.berkeley. edu/raven.
Faster Kernels for Graphs with Continuous Attributes via Hashing

While state-of-the-art kernels for graphs with discrete labels scale well to graphs with thousands of nodes, the few existing kernels for graphs with continuous attributes, unfortunately, do not scale well. To overcome this limitation, we present hash graph kernels, a general framework to derive kernels for graphs with continuous attributes from discrete ones. The idea is to iteratively turn continuous attributes into discrete labels using randomized hash functions. We illustrate hash graph kernels for the Weisfeiler-Lehman subtree kernel and for the shortest-path kernel. The resultingnovel graph kernels are shown to be, both, able to handle graphs with continuous attributes and scalable to large graphs and data sets. This is supported by our theoretical analysis and demonstrated by an extensive experimental evaluation.
Sidelobe reduction via adaptive FIR filtering in SAR imagery

The paper describes a class of adaptive weighting functions that greatly reduce sidelobes, interference, and noise in Fourier transform data. By restricting the class of adaptive weighting functions, the adaptively weighted Fourier transform data can be represented as the convolution of the unweighted Fourier transform with a data adaptive FIR filter where one selects the FIR filter coefficients to maximize signal-to-interference ratio. This adaptive sidelobe reduction (ASR) procedure is analogous to Capon's (1969) minimum variance method (MVM) of adaptive spectral estimation. Unlike MVM, which provides a statistical estimate of the real-valued power spectral density, thereby estimating noise level and improving resolution, ASR provides a single-realization complex-valued estimate of the Fourier transform that suppresses sidelobes and noise. Further, the computational complexity of ASR is dramatically lower than that of MVM, which is critical for large multidimensional problems such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation. ASR performance characteristics can be varied through the choice of filter order, l(1)- or l(2)-norm filter vector constraints and a separable or nonseparable multidimensional implementation. The author compares simulated point scattering SAR imagery produced by the ASR, MVM, and MUSIC algorithms and illustrates ASR performance on three sets of collected SAR imagery.