Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paid work, women's empowerment and gender justice: critical pathways of social change

This paper explores the contradictions and contestations that characterise debates about the relationship between paid work and women’s empowerment. It suggests that this absence of consensus appears to reflect differences of context. It reflects other factors as well. It reflects changes in the social meaning of work over time. It reflects differences in the way that empowerment is conceptualised: the emphasis given to the personal and the political, to individual and collective action, and to agency versus structure in processes of change. Finally, contestations reflect the nature of the work in question, since varying terms and conditions of work hold out varying potentials for transformative change in women’s lives. Evidence suggests that shifts in the balance of power within individual women’s lives do not necessarily translate into shifts in underlying structures of constraint. The paper suggests that it is the capacity of women to organise around their needs, interests and rights that is most likely to result in public recognition of their rights as workers, as women and as citizens.
The Posterior Dorsal Medial Striatum and the Effects of Controllability during Stress

Traumatic events often have adverse effects on an individual’s behavior. However, the outcomes of such an experience vary, some individuals being more resilient than others. It has been determined that the presence of control can block the development of learned helplessness in rats when they are subjected to escapable shock (ES) rather than inescapable shock (IS). When the presence of control is recognized, the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) pyramidal neurons inhibits the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) preventing prolonged excitation and subsequent sensitization of the DRN. The objective here was to ascertain if NMDA receptors in the posterior dorsal medial striatum (pDMS) is involved in modulating the DRN response during stress by local microinjection of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5. Both the acute and long term impact of stress was observed and compared to the behavior of rats who received no such treatment (home cage controls, HC). Rats that received AP5 injections into the pDMS showed similar results to rats subjected to IS despite undergoing ES. They displayed higher serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in the DRN during stress and lower social exploration times 24 hours afterwards. When intra-pDMS AP5 injected rats were given IS a week after ES, they showed a deficit in shuttlebox escape learning in addition to the reduced social exploration times. The results imply that, in addition to the vmPFC, the pDMS is also involved in behavioral immunization.
Large-scale kernel machines

Pervasive and networked computers have dramatically reduced the cost of collecting and distributing large datasets. In this context, machine learning algorithms that scale poorly could simply become irrelevant. We need learning algorithms that scale linearly with the volume of the data while maintaining enough statistical efficiency to outperform algorithms that simply process a random subset of the data. This volume offers researchers and engineers practical solutions for learning from large scale datasets, with detailed descriptions of algorithms and experiments carried out on realistically large datasets. At the same time it offers researchers information that can address the relative lack of theoretical grounding for many useful algorithms. After a detailed description of state-of-the-art support vector machine technology, an introduction of the essential concepts discussed in the volume, and a comparison of primal and dual optimization techniques, the book progresses from well-understood techniques to more novel and controversial approaches. Many contributors have made their code and data available online for further experimentation. Topics covered include fast implementations of known algorithms, approximations that are amenable to theoretical guarantees, and algorithms that perform well in practice but are difficult to analyze theoretically.ContributorsLeon Bottou, Yoshua Bengio, Stephane Canu, Eric Cosatto, Olivier Chapelle, Ronan Collobert, Dennis DeCoste, Ramani Duraiswami, Igor Durdanovic, Hans-Peter Graf, Arthur Gretton, Patrick Haffner, Stefanie Jegelka, Stephan Kanthak, S. Sathiya Keerthi, Yann LeCun, Chih-Jen Lin, Gaelle Loosli, Joaquin Quinonero-Candela, Carl Edward Rasmussen, Gunnar Ratsch, Vikas Chandrakant Raykar, Konrad Rieck, Vikas Sindhwani, Fabian Sinz, Soren Sonnenburg, Jason Weston, Christopher K. I. Williams, Elad Yom-TovLeon Bottou is a Research Scientist at NEC Labs America. Olivier Chapelle is with Yahoo! Research. He is editor of Semi-Supervised Learning (MIT Press, 2006). Dennis DeCoste is with Microsoft Research. Jason Weston is a Research Scientist at NEC Labs America.
Electrical discharge in enamel-insulated, hairpin copper conductors

Polyimide-based enamel insulation is widely used on conductors that are employed in electric motors. Thus, the integrity of enamel insulation is extremely critical for the healthy operation of the motor. If the enamel insulation fails to isolate two neighboring conductors in an electric motor, a short circuit will occur that may possibly lead to the failure of the motor through a sequence of events. During the manufacturing of the windings of an electric motor, enamel-insulated copper conductors may be subjected to mechanical strain. This strain may adversely affect the electrical performance of the enamel insulation. Under the influence of an electric field, partial discharge in the insulated conductors may occur as one of the initial mechanisms that may eventually cause the insulation failure. Therefore, in order to predict the long term behavior of the enamel insulation, it seems to be sensible to quantify the partial discharge behavior of the enamel insulated conductors used in motors. Within the scope of this study, copper conductors having hairpin structures with rectangular cross-section in carbon powder were investigated and compared for their partial discharge behavior as well as breakdown voltages. Although the average partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and partial discharge extinction voltage (PDEV) with conductor samples formed in the hairpin structure appeared to be closer to those of the unstrained, straight conductors investigated in our earlier study, the breakdown voltages (BDV) for conductors with hairpin structure were significantly lower than those of straight conductors.
The impact on instructional practice of a teacher change model

This study reports on the impact of Project LINCS, a 3-year professional development program in mathematics involving 48 middle-grade teachers. More specifically, the study examined effects on instructional practice that resulted from enhancing teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge within an infrastructure that supported collaboration and reflection. Analyses of both qualitative and quantitative data revealed that teachers' perceptions and approaches to curriculum became more balanced, their classrooms became more open, they used a more problem-focused approach to instruction, and they developed more confidence and autonomy. This study demonstrated that a carefully planned program of professional development grounded in the teacher change literature can significantly impact instructional practice.
STABLE ROTATING BINARY STARS AND FLUID IN A TUBE

This paper considers compressible fluid models for a Newtonian rotating star. For fixed mass and large angular momentum, stable solutions to the associated Navier-Stokes-Poisson system are constructed in the form of slow, uniformly rotating binary stars with specified mass ratio. The variational method employed was suggested by Elliott Lieb; it predicts uniform rotation as a consequence rather than an assumption. The density profiles of the solutions are local energy minimizers in the Wasserstein L∞ metric; no global energy minimum can be achieved. A one-dimensional toy model admitting explicit solution is also introduced which caricatures the situation: to any specified number of components and their masses corresponds a single family of solutions, parameterized by angular velocity up to the point of equatorial break-up; here the equilibrium model breaks down as the atmosphere of the lightest star in the system begins to drift into space. Acknowledgements. I am deeply indebted to my advisor, Elliott Lieb, for his guidance and inspiration. He led me into the study of variational problems, and taught me to penetrate the heart of an issue. His generosity with his time and ideas will not be forgotten. Elliott suggested the problem of rotating stars to me; its formulation in terms of angular momentum and the reduction to uniform rotation are his. I am also grateful to Eric Carlen and Horng-Tzer Yau for their advice and encouragement, and to Giles Auchmuty, whose interest in this work led me to publish it after so many years. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 85A15,49S05,35Q05. This manuscript is based on a 1994 Princeton University Ph.D. thesis. Support was provided by a 1967 Scholarship of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and a Proctor Honorific Fellowship of the Princeton Graduate School.
Generalization and decision tree induction: efficient classification in data mining

Efficiency and scalability are fundamental issues concerning data mining in large databases. Although classification has been studied extensively, few of the known methods take serious consideration of efficient induction in large databases and the analysis of data at multiple abstraction levels. The paper addresses the efficiency and scalability issues by proposing a data classification method which integrates attribute oriented induction, relevance analysis, and the induction of decision trees. Such an integration leads to efficient, high quality, multiple level classification of large amounts of data, the relaxation of the requirement of perfect training sets, and the elegant handling of continuous and noisy data.
Wealth and Stock Market Participation: Estimating the Causal Effect From Swedish Lotteries

In this paper we estimate the causal effect of wealth on stock market participation. The positive cross-sectional relationship between participation and wealth is well-established, with previous work suggesting that moderate costs of stock market participation are capable of rationalizing the decision of most non-participants. In our study we use a large sample of Swedish lottery players whom were randomly assigned over 1 billion USD, linked to administrative tax records of asset holdings, to precisely identify both the effect of wealth and the costs necessary to explain non-participation. Although we estimate a positive effect of wealth on participation, our estimate is much smaller than that implied by the cross-section. Furthermore, our estimates of participation costs are 10-20 times higher than those proposed in previous studies. We interpret these results within a structural model of life-cycle stock market participation, and use participation responses following random wealth assignment to estimate entry and participation costs conditional on a variety of demographic and individual characteristics. We conclude that it is unlikely that fixed financial costs are credible explanations for equity market non-participation.
Women and Family in Contemporary Japan

1. 'Good wives, wise mothers': parenting and family life in cultural context 2. Locating the research in space and time 3. What is a wise mother? 4. Hansei: the process of self-reflection 5. Memories of childhood 6. Husbands: crucial partners or peripheral strangers? 7. Shitsuke: the art of childrearing 8. Maternal involvement in children's schooling 9. Balancing work and family life 10. Women and family life: ideology, experience and agency.
A new algorithm for joint time and phase synchronization in OFDM systems

A computationally efficient algorithm is presented for joint maximum likelihood (ML) timing and carrier phase synchronization of OFDM systems employing M-PSK modulation scheme with additive Gaussian noise, based on the expectation-maximization (EM) method. A nondata-aided (NDA) scheme is considered for the joint timing and phase synchronizer which maximizes the low SNR limit of the likelihood function averaged over the M-PSK signal constellation. For this, an EM algorithm is derived which estimates the timing offset and the phase rotations of each subcarrier iteratively and which converges to the true ML estimation of the unknown timing and phase. It is shown that the algorithm becomes independent of the signal-to-noise ratio for both low and high SNR cases. The algorithm is applied to the QPSK modulated OFDM systems and it is concluded that for SNR values greater than 10 dB the convergence is achieved in the first iteration and for SNR values less than 10 dB, at most in three iterations. It is also concluded that the convergence is independent of the initial starting points.
Web-Based Collaborative Care for Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—To test Web-based care management of glycemic control using a shared electronic medical record with patients who have type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a trial of 83 adults with type 2 diabetes randomized to receive usual care plus Web-based care management or usual care alone between August 2002 and May 2004. All patients had GHb ≥7.0%, had Web access from home, and could use a computer with English language–based programs. Intervention patients received 12 months of Web-based care management. The Web-based program included patient access to electronic medical records, secure e-mail with providers, feedback on blood glucose readings, an educational Web site, and an interactive online diary for entering information about exercise, diet, and medication. The primary outcome was change in GHb. RESULTS—GHb levels declined by 0.7% (95% CI 0.2−1.3) on average among intervention patients compared with usual-care patients. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, and use of in-person health care services did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS—Care management delivered through secure patient Web communications improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
20.3 A 64-QAM 60GHz CMOS transceiver with 4-channel bonding

This paper presents a 64-QAM 60GHz CMOS transceiver, which achieves a TX-to-RX EVM of -26.3dB and can transmit 10.56Gb/s in all four channels defined in IEEE802.11ad/WiGig. By using a 4-bonded channel, 28.16Gb/s can be transmitted in 16QAM. The front-end consumes 251mW and 220mW from a 1.2-V supply in transmitting and receiving mode, respectively. Figure 20.3. 1 shows the 60GHz direct-conversion front-end design. The transmitter consists of a 6-stage PA, differential preamplifiers, I/Q passive mixers and a quadrature injection-locked oscillator (QILO). The receiver consists of a 4-stage LNA, differential amplifiers, I/Q double-balanced mixers, a QILO, and baseband amplifiers. A direct-conversion architecture is employed for both TX and RX because of wide-bandwidth capability [1]. The LO consists of the 60GHz QILO and a 20GHz PLL. The 60GHz QILO works as a frequency tripler with the integrated 20GHz PLL. It can generate 7 carrier frequencies with a 36/40MHz reference, 58.32GHz(ch.1), 60.48GHz(ch.2), 62.64GHz(ch.3), and 64.80GHz(ch.4) defined in IEEE802.11ad/WiGig, 59.40GHz(ch.1-2), 61.56GHz(ch.2-3), and 63.72GHz(ch.3-4) for the channel bonding.
Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Isolation of Bacterial Species Involved and its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test around Debrezeit, Ethiopia

A total of 300 local zebu lactating cows of small holders farmers around Debrezeit were examined to determine the prevalence of mastitis with associated risk factor, isolate bacterial pathogens involved and its antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Clinical prevalence was determined through examination of abnormalities of milk and udder and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were used for determining subclinical mastitis. Bacterial culture and Agar disc diffusion was used for isolation and antibiotic susceptibility test. Based on the result out of 18 (6%) positive samples, 2 (0.7%) were clinical and the other 16 (5.3%) were sub-clinical mastitis. Among the potential risk factors considered, there was significant difference (P<0.05) between semi-intensive and extensive farming system. All positive samples were positive for aerobic bacteria. The bacterial species isolated were CNS and Micrococcusspecies 22.2%, Staphylococcus aureus 16% Staphylococcus epidermis and Mycoplasma species 11.1%, Enterococcus species, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus hycus were 5.65%. Comparing the overall efficacy of antimicrobials on isolate kanamycin was the most effective antibiotic where 85.7% of the total isolate were found to be susceptible.
Concern for Information Privacy and Online Consumer Purchasing

Although electronic commerce experts often cite privacy concerns as barriers to consumer electronic commerce, there is a lack of understanding about how these privacy concerns impact consumers' willingness to conduct transactions online. Therefore, the goal of this study is to extend previous models of e-commerce adoption by specifically assessing the impact that consumers' concerns for information privacy (CFIP) have on their willingness to engage in online transactions. To investigate this, we conducted surveys focusing on consumers’ willingness to transact with a well-known and less well-known Web merchant. Results of the study indicate that concern for information privacy affects risk perceptions, trust, and willingness to transact for a wellknown merchant, but not for a less well-known merchant. In addition, the results indicate that merchant familiarity does not moderate the relationship between CFIP and risk perceptions or CFIP and trust. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
In vitro antimicrobial assay of plants used in traditional medicine in Bukoba Rural district, Tanzania.

Plants used in traditional medicine in Bukoba Rural district in Tanzania were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities. Plant materials from eight plant species (Harungana madagascariensis (Lam) Poir. , Jatropha curcas L. , Lantana trifolia L. , Plectranthus barbatus Andr. , Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl. , Psorospermum febrifugum Spach, Teclea nobilis Del. and Vernonia adoensis [Warp. ] SL) were collected based on ethnomedical information provided by traditional herbal practitioners. Results of the study indicate that extracts from the eight plant species were active against at least one or more of the test organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus [gram positive], Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa [gram negative] and Candida albicans [Yeast]). A profile of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, triterpenes, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, flavonols/flavones and /or chalcones, sterols and saponins) was obtained for three plant species (Jatropha curcas L., Plectranthus barbatus Andr., and Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl.). The paper discusses the probable therapeutic basis of these traditional plants based on their secondary metabolite profiles and for the first time draws research attention to Bukoba Rural district as a source for plants with potential pharmaceutical applications.
Exposure to Gambling-Related Media and its Relation to Gambling Expectancies and Behaviors

Today‟s youth have been exposed to more gambling-related media than previous generations, and they have grown up in an era in which states not only sanction but also run and promote gambling enterprises. Social Learning Theory proposes that one can develop new attitudes or expectancies about a specific behavior by watching others engage in that behavior, and that the media is one avenue through which one can develop new expectancies (Bandura, 2001). In addition, the Theory of Reasoned Action proposes that one‟s behaviors are influenced directly by both subjective norms and attitudes (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). A mixed methods explanatory design was used to test a modified version of the Theory of Reasoned Action in which subjective norms and gambling-related media were hypothesized to have an effect on gambling behaviors directly and indirectly through both positive and negative expectancies. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypotheses, and semi-standardized interviews were used to help explain the results of the quantitative analyses and provide a richer and more accurate interpretation of the data. The hypothesized model was partially supported: the model was a good fit with the female college student data, accounting for 27.8% of variance in female student gambling behaviors, and it fit the male college student data reasonably well, accounting for 35.2% of variance in male student gambling behaviors. Results indicated that perceived subjective norms were more important for female college students. Results also indicated that exposure to gambling-related media has a direct positive association with both male and female college student gambling behaviors, and that exposure to gambling-related media has an indirect, positive association with male college student behaviors through positive expectancies. However, exposure to gambling-related media is not associated with positive expectancies about gambling for female college students. Data from the qualitative interviews supported the findings from the qualitative analyses and provided some clues about the progression from non-problematic to problematic behaviors, which may inform future research in this area. INDEX WORDS: Gambling. Media, Expectancies, Subjective Norms, Social Learning Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action EXPOSURE TO GAMBLING-RELATED MEDIA AND ITS RELATION TO GAMBLING EXPECTANCIES AND BEHAVIORS
The Analysis of the Relationship between Multiple Myeloma Cells and Their Microenvironment

The bone marrow microenvironment plays a key role in the stimulation of growth and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We investigated whether membrane microfragments (MFBs) exert a stimulatory effect on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) gene expression or differentiation. MSCs from patients with multiple myeloma (MMBM-MSCs) proliferated at a slower rate than MSCs from healthy volunteers (BM-MSCs), and fewer MMBM-MSCs adhered to the substrate as compared to BM-MSCs. Phenotypic analysis revealed that MMBM-MSCs and BM-MSCs differed significantly in terms of their CD166 and CXCR4 expressions. In conclusion, our comparative analysis of mesenchymal cells from MM patients and healthy volunteers revealed differences in the genetic and phenotypic profiles of these two populations, their potential for osteodifferentiation, and expression of surface antigens. Moreover, we showed that membrane MFBs may alter the genetic profile of MSCs, leading to disorders of their osteodifferentiation, and interact with the WNT pathway via presentation of the DKK-1 protein.