Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstract View INFORMATION ANALYSIS OF LOCATION-SELECTIVE CELLS IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND LATERAL SEPTUM

View INFORMATION ANALYSIS OF LOCATION-SELECTIVE CELLS IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND LATERAL SEPTUM. M. Bezzi1*; S. Leutgeb2; A. Treves1; S.J.Y. Mizumori 2 1. Prog. in Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy 2. Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA In addition to location-specific representations of the environment, hippocampus receives and encodes in its principal cells information about movement. Lateral septal cells also code for location and movement. Information analysis was used to investigate the coding properties of simultaneously recorded hippocampal and lateral septal cells. In both areas, synergy and redundancy was observed for the encoding of location and velocity. Information for each property was differentially affected in the absence of visual cues. For hippocampal principal cells, the information for both velocity and position was decreased in darkness; velocity coding was affected to a larger extent compared to position coding. In contrast, lateral septal cells only showed a decrease in information for position while velocity information remained unaffected by the changes in the visual environment. This dissociation in the encoding of the two types of information may be a consequence of convergent hippocampal projections to lateral septum or due to other afferent information to lateral septum. In addition, we randomized the temporal structure of spike trains in hippocampus and lateral septum while leaving the spatial structure of the rate coding for position intact. This analysis confirmed that differences in the distribution of the crosscorrelation coefficients between light and dark are not directly related to the changes in the spatial properties of septal and hippocampal cells, but related to the temporal relation of single-unit activity in both areas. The relative timing of neural activity may therefore be critical for the selective transfer of hippocampal rate codes for location and velocity to subcortical structures. Supported by: HFSP RG 01101998B and MH58755 Site Design and Programming © ScholarOne, Inc., 2000. All Rights Reserved. Patent Pending. Itinerary View Abstract http://sfn.scholarone. com/itin2000/main.html? new_page_id=76&abstra. 1 of 1 08/30/02 13:28
Pruning Convolutional Neural Networks for Resource Efficient Inference

We propose a new formulation for pruning convolutional kernels in neural networks to enable efficient inference. We interleave greedy criteria-based pruning with fine-tuning by backpropagation - a computationally efficient procedure that maintains good generalization in the pruned network. We propose a new criterion based on Taylor expansion that approximates the change in the cost function induced by pruning network parameters. We focus on transfer learning, where large pretrained networks are adapted to specialized tasks. The proposed criterion demonstrates superior performance compared to other criteria, e.g. the norm of kernel weights or feature map activation, for pruning large CNNs after adaptation to fine-grained classification tasks (Birds-200 and Flowers-102) relaying only on the first order gradient information. We also show that pruning can lead to more than 10x theoretical (5x practical) reduction in adapted 3D-convolutional filters with a small drop in accuracy in a recurrent gesture classifier. Finally, we show results for the large-scale ImageNet dataset to emphasize the flexibility of our approach.
Assessing the Validity of Different Approaches to Operationalizing Cultural Theory in Survey Research

Cultural Theory (CT) is a social and political theory developed by Emile Durkheim, Mary Douglas, Aaron Wildavsky, and others that has attracted significant attention across the social sciences. This paper explains what CT is and compares the validity of various approaches to operationalizing CT in survey research. Approaches assessed for their face and content validity include (1) the worldview measures originally developed by Karl Dake and Wildavsky, (2) the relational ranking and rating measures recently created by Hank Jenkins-Smith and colleagues, (3) the relational “cultural cognition” measures of Dan Kahan and colleagues, and (4) the brand new relational grid-group measures developed by Joe Ripberger, Brendon Swedlow, and colleagues. The convergent validity of the last three relational approaches is assessed by the extent to which these measures converge on the original Dake and Wildavsky worldview measures, while their predictive validity is assessed by how well they predict people’s concerns in nine policy areas. We find that all of these approaches lack face and content validity because they at best only operationalize a component of CT. But the worldview measures are particularly lacking because worldviews do not correspond to any component of CT. By contrast, the new relational measures exhibit very good face and content validity with respect to the relational patterns hypothesized by CT. The new relational rating measures developed by Jenkins-Smith and colleagues also exhibit very good convergent and predictive validity, but the comparable results for the new grid-group relational measures developed by Ripberger, Swedlow, and others are at best mixed, yet not without promise if developed further. [The convergent and predictive validity of the relational measures of Kahan and colleagues remains to be assessed. ] Based on these findings, we suggest appropriate uses for these measures and directions for further research to improve the conceptualization and operationalization of CT in survey research.
A New PWM Strategy Based on a 24-Sector Vector Space Decomposition for a Six-Phase VSI-Fed Dual Stator Induction Motor

This paper presents a new space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) technique for the control of a six-phase voltage source inverter (VSI)-fed dual stator induction machines (DSIM). A DSIM is an induction machine which has two sets of three-phase stator windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees and fed by two three-phase VSIs. Despite their advantage of power segmentation, these machines are characterized by large zero sequence harmonic currents, and in particular those of order 6 k plusmn 1, which are due to the mutual cancellation between the two stator windings. The proposed SVPWM scheme, while easy to implement digitally, reduces significantly these extra stator harmonic currents. Experimental results, collected from a 15 kW prototype machine controlled by a digital signal processor, are presented and discussed.
Kernel Integration using von Neumann Entropy

Kernel methods provide a computational framework to integrate heterogeneous biological data from different sources for a wide range of learning algorithms by designing a kernel for each di®erent information source and combining them in a unique kernel through simple mathematical operations. We develop here a novel technique for weighting kernels based on their von Neumann entropy. This permits to assess the kernel quality without using label information, and to integrate kernels before the beginning of the learning process. Moreover, we carry out a comparison with the unweighted kernel summation and a popular technique based on semi-definite programming on kernel integration benchmark data sets. Finally, we empirically study the variation of the performance of a support vector machine classi¯er considering pairs of kernels combined in di®erent ratios, and we show how, surprisingly, the unweighted sum of kernels seems to lead to the same performance than a more complex weighting schema.
Structural Associations between Cognitive Beliefs and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

Background and objectives: According to the cognitive model, OCD is characterized by maladaptive beliefs. The aim of present investigation was study structural associations between cognitive beliefs include thought action fusion (TAF), responsibility and the overestimation of threat (RT), importance and control of thoughts (ICT), perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty (PC) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms include cleaning, checking, hoarding and order. Methods: Three hundred sixty seven students was selected by cluster randomize sampling from Mazandaran University of Iran and accomplished obsessive beliefs questionnaire(OBQ) and thought action fusion scale(TAFS) and obsessive and compulsive inventory revised (OCI-R). The fitness of proposed models was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The finding showed fitness of a model that TAF have direct relation with RT and RT have direct relation with cleaning and checking and indirect relation from ICT and PC with cleaning, checking and order. In sum, these beliefs are more related to obsessive checking and cleaning than obsessive order and hoarding. Conclusion: The results of this study show that TAF by other cognitive beliefs related with OCD symptoms and also RT as important mediator variable and also directly have relationship with cleaning and checking symptoms. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, as well as presented suggestions for future research.
A Naturalistic Investigation of Media Multitasking While Studying and the Effects on Exam Performance

The present study investigated the use of multiple digital media technologies, including social networking platforms, by students while preparing for an examination (media multitasking) and the subsequent effects on exam performance. The level of media multitasking (number of simultaneous media technologies) and duration of study were used as predictors of exam performance in a sample of 441 college students. Analysis of the data indicated that students with low level of media multitasking (0–2 digital technologies) scored significantly better on the exam than students with a high level of media multitasking (7 or more digital technologies). There were no significant difference in the duration of study time between low-level media multitaskers and high-level media multitaskers.
The light-cone theorem

We prove that the area of cross-sections of light cones, in spacetimes satisfying suitable energy conditions, is smaller than or equal to that of the corresponding cross-sections in Minkowski, or de Sitter, or anti-de Sitter spacetime. The equality holds if and only if the metric coincides with the corresponding model in the domain of dependence of the light cone.
Cube diagram bundles: a new representation of strongly unspecified multiple-valued functions and relations

Efficient function representation is very important for speed and memory requirements of multiple-valued decomposers. This paper presents a new representation of multiple-valued relations (functions in particular), called multiple-valued cube diagram bundles (MVCDB). MVCDBs improve on rough partition representation by labeling their blocks with variable values and by representing blocks efficiently. The MVCDB representation is especially efficient for very strongly unspecified multiple-valued input, multiple-valued output functions and relations, typical for machine learning applications.
Personalized click shaping through lagrangian duality for online recommendation

Online content recommendation aims to identify trendy articles in a continuously changing dynamic content pool. Most of existing works rely on online user feedback, notably clicks, as the objective and maximize it by showing articles with highest click-through rates. Recently, click shaping was introduced to incorporate multiple objectives in a constrained optimization framework. The work showed that significant tradeoff among the competing objectives can be observed and thus it is important to consider multiple objectives. However, the proposed click shaping approach is segment-based and can only work with a few non-overlapping user segments. It remains a challenge of how to enable deep personalization in click shaping. In this paper, we tackle the challenge by proposing personalized click shaping. The main idea is to work with the Lagrangian duality formulation and explore strong convexity to connect dual and primal solutions. We show that our formulation not only allows efficient conversion from dual to primal for online personalized serving, but also enables us to solve the optimization faster by approximation. We conduct extensive experiments on a large real data set and our experimental results show that the personalized click shaping can significantly outperform the segmented one, while achieving the same ability to balance competing objectives.
Performance management: A model and research agenda

Performance Management deals with the challenge organizations face in defining, measuring and stimulating employee performance with the ultimate goal to improve organizational performance. Thus, Performance Management involves multiple levels of analysis and is clearly linked to the topics studied in strategic HRM as well as performance appraisal. This paper presents a model for Performance Management combining insights from strategic HRM and I/O psychology. The model incorporates multi-level elements, and adds to previous models by explicitly incorporating employee perceptions, the role of direct supervisors and possible reversed causality. Challenges for future research are also presented.
Current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards healthcare ethics among doctors and nurses from northern India - a multicentre study.

Background: Recent raise in litigation against healthcare practitioners is definitely an issue of immediate concern and may reflect an increase in unethical practices by them. Professional relations between physicians and nurses may have differences with respect to their attitudes towards patient-care. Aim and Objectives: To assess the knowledge of, and attitudes to healthcare ethics among north Indian physicians and nurses. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out among 298 physicians and 107 nurses of three medical colleges of northern India in the month of July-August 2011 using pretested self administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result and Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between the opinion of physicians and nurses with respect to adherence to confidentiality, paternalistic attitude of doctors (doctors should do their best for the patient irrespective of the patients opinion), informing close relatives of a patients for consent procedures. The study highlighted gaps in the knowledge about practical aspects of health care ethics among physicians and nurses which they encounter in day to day practice at workplace. Measures of workplace education like sensitization workshops, CMEs, conferences on health care ethics would assist in bridging this gap to a certain extent.
Facebook; changing more than just statuses? A Study investigating relationships between Facebook use and levels of self-esteem and loneliness.

he aim of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between Facebook use (time spent on Facebook and amount of Facebook friends) and both self-esteem and loneliness levels. This was carried out using a cross sectional field based quantitative design. Participants in this study included 112 college students (Males: N = 23, Females: N = 89) and were recruited online via Facebook. Participants were required to complete the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale to measure self-esteem levels and the UCLA Loneliness scale to measure loneliness levels. On top of this participants were required to answer questions regarding age, gender and Facebook usage. It was found that there was no significant relationship between 1) Time spent on Facebook and self-esteem levels. 2) The amount of Friends on Facebook and self-esteem levels. 3) Time spent on Facebook and loneliness levels. 4) The amount of Facebook friends and loneliness levels. There was however a significant relationship found between self-esteem and loneliness levels in females.
Violent delinquency in a Brazilian birth cohort: the roles of breast feeding, early poverty and demographic factors

Caicedo B, Gonçalves H, González DA, Victora CG. Violent delinquency in a Brazilian birth cohort: the roles of breast feeding, early poverty and demographic factors. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 12–23. We investigated the association between breast feeding, economic factors and conviction for violent delinquency by age 25 years among subjects of the 1982 Birth Cohort from Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Information on breast-feeding pattern and duration was collected in childhood, during the 1983, 1984 and 1986 follow-ups. Information on socio-economic and family characteristics was also obtained between 1982 and 1996. Of the 5914 livebirths enrolled in the cohort, 5228 had obtained an identification document within the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and could thus be identified in judiciary databases. The outcome studied was conviction due to a violent act between ages 12 and 25 years. A total of 106 young people had been convicted at least once (3.0% of men and 1.0% of women). Subjects born to black or mixed mothers and coming from low-income families were at higher risk of having been convicted. Neither crude nor adjusted analyses showed any association between breast feeding and conviction for violent delinquency. Violent delinquency apparently depends more on social factors than on individual factors such as breast feeding.
Multi-prototype waveform coding using frame-by-frame analysis-by-synthesis

A new mechanism for using analysis-by-synthesis techniques in low rate waveform interpolation based coders is introduced. The algorithm, implemented as part of a multi-prototype waveform coder, exploits the high quality speech produced by interpolating unquantised speech-domain prototype waveforms. In the new scheme, a frame of prototype waveforms is quantised using two sets of codebook searches, one representing the slowly evolving prototype shape and the other the rapid, noisy components. The scheme offers performance advantages over the previous open-loop multi-prototype waveform coder, particularly when perceptual weighting is incorporated in the search. Reductions in search complexity and the use of the scheme for quantisation at higher rates are also considered. This results in a generalised analysis-by-synthesis waveform interpolation architecture with closed-loop optimisation of all prototype waveform properties.
Endovascular Approaches to Acute Stroke, Part 2: A Comprehensive Review of Studies and Trials

SUMMARY: Reperfusion remains the mainstay of acute ischemic stroke treatment. Endovascular therapy has become a promising alternative for patients who are ineligible for or have failed intravenous (IV) thrombolysis. The conviction that recanalization of properly selected patients is essential for the achievement of good clinical outcomes has led to the rapid and widespread growth in the adoption of endovascular stroke therapies. However, comparisons of the recent reperfusion studies have brought into question the strength of the association between revascularization and improved clinical outcome. Despite higher rates of recanalization, the mechanical thrombectomy studies have demonstrated substantially lower rates of good outcomes compared with IV and/or intra-arterial thrombolytic trials. However, such analyses disregard important differences in clot location and burden, baseline stroke severity, time from stroke onset to treatment, and patient selection in these studies. Many clinical trials are testing novel devices and drugs as well as the paradigm of physiology-based stroke imaging as a treatment-selection tool. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant past, current, and upcoming data on endovascular stroke therapy with a special focus on the prospective studies and randomized clinical trials.
Going beyond Inferior Prefrontal Involvement in Semantic Control: Evidence for the Additional Contribution of Dorsal Angular Gyrus and Posterior Middle Temporal Cortex

Semantic cognition requires a combination of semantic representations and executive control processes to direct activation in a task- and time-appropriate fashion [Jefferies, E. , & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A case-series comparison. Brain, 129, 2132–2147, 2006]. We undertook a formal meta-analysis to investigate which regions within the large-scale semantic network are specifically associated with the executive component of semantic cognition. Previous studies have described in detail the role of left ventral pFC in semantic regulation. We examined 53 studies that contrasted semantic tasks with high > low executive requirements to determine whether cortical regions beyond the left pFC show the same response profile to executive semantic demands. Our findings revealed that right pFC, posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and dorsal angular gyrus (bordering intraparietal sulcus) were also consistently recruited by executively demanding semantic tasks, demonstrating patterns of activation that were highly similar to the left ventral pFC. These regions overlap with the lesions in aphasic patients who exhibit multimodal semantic impairment because of impaired regulatory control (semantic aphasia)—providing important convergence between functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of semantic cognition. Activation in dorsal angular gyrus and left ventral pFC was consistent across all types of executive semantic manipulation, regardless of whether the task was receptive or expressive, whereas pMTG activation was only observed for manipulation of control demands within receptive tasks. Second, we contrasted executively demanding tasks tapping semantics and phonology. Our findings revealed substantial overlap between the two sets of contrasts within left ventral pFC, suggesting this region underpins domain-general control mechanisms. In contrast, we observed relative specialization for semantic control within pMTG as well as the most ventral aspects of left pFC (BA 47), consistent with our proposal of a distributed network underpinning semantic control.
The Role of Discourse Context and Verb Class in Native and Non-Native Spanish Postverbal Subjects

Recent research on the second language (L2) acquisition of postverbal subjects in Spanish has focused on the important role of discourse context in licensing postverbal subjects with unaccusative and unergative verbs (Hertel, 2003; Lozano, 2006; Domínguez & Arche, 2008; Domínguez, 2013). While these studies have made important advances in early L2 research within the generative framework, in which the structure was studied as a part of the prodrop parameter (White, 1985; 1986, Liceras, 1988; 1989), they only examine intransitive verbs, do not consider the role of nuclear stress, and do not compare postverbal subject use across discourse contexts nor include contrastive focus as a discourse context. These shortcomings have led to variable performance by the native speaker controls, which make any claims of native or non-native like performance on the part of L2 learners questionable. This dissertation uses empirical data to incorporate discourse context, verb type, and nuclear stress into one experiment examining postverbal subjects in Spanish by native speakers and English-speaking L2 learners. A multi-componential experiment was conducted, consisting of two oral assessment tasks, in order to gauge native speakers’ and L2 learners’ ability to produce and rate sentences with postverbal subjects compared to those with preverbal subjects. It considers three discourse contexts: wide, narrow, and contrastive focus, four verb types: unaccusative, unergative, transitive, and ditransitive verbs, and transitive verbs with topicalized objects. Ninety-five L2 learners from four proficiency levels and thirty-seven native speaker controls completed the