Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Remodeling of Human Skeletal Myocytes by Cocultured Adipocytes Depends on the Lipolytic State of the System

OBJECTIVE Adipocyte infiltration of the musculoskeletal system is well recognized as a hallmark of aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Intermuscular adipocytes might serve as a benign storage site for surplus lipid or play a role in disrupting energy homeostasis as a result of dysregulated lipolysis or secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. This investigation sought to understand the net impact of local adipocytes on skeletal myocyte metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Interactions between these two tissues were modeled using a coculture system composed of primary human adipocytes and human skeletal myotubes derived from lean or obese donors. Metabolic analysis of myocytes was performed after coculture with lipolytically silent or activated adipocytes and included transcript and metabolite profiling along with assessment of substrate selection and insulin action. RESULTS Cocultured adipocytes increased myotube mRNA expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, regardless of the donor and degree of lipolytic activity. Adipocytes in the basal state sequestered free fatty acids, thereby forcing neighboring myotubes to rely more heavily on glucose fuel. Under this condition, insulin action was enhanced in myotubes from lean but not obese donors. In contrast, when exposed to lipolytically active adipocytes, cocultured myotubes shifted substrate use in favor of fatty acids, which was accompanied by intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol and even-chain acylcarnitines, decreased glucose oxidation, and modest attenuation of insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS The effects of cocultured adipocytes on myocyte substrate selection and insulin action depended on the metabolic state of the system. These findings are relevant to understanding the metabolic consequences of intermuscular adipogenesis.
Multiple ARQ Processes for MIMO Systems

We propose a new automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme for MIMO systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas. The substreams emitted from various transmit antennas encounter distinct propagation channels and thus have different error statistics. When per-antenna encoders are used, separating ARQ processes among the substreams results in a throughput improvement. Moreover, it facilitates the interference cancellation in certain MIMO techniques. Quantitative results from UMTS simulations demonstrate that the proposed multiple ARQ structure yields more than 30% gain in link throughput.
Risk factors and survival by HPV‐16 E6 and E7 antibody status in human papillomavirus positive head and neck cancer

High‐risk human papillomavirus types (HPV‐HR) are associated with head and neck cancer (HNC) risk and better survival. Most patients with HPV‐HR DNA‐positive tumors develop anti‐HPV E6/E7 antibodies; however, it is unclear whether those who mount an immune response have similar risk factors or clinical outcomes as those who do not. HPV‐16 DNA tumor‐positive HNC cases were evaluated for HPV‐16 E6 and E7 antibodies using a GST capture ELISA system. Among 57 HPV‐16 DNA tumor‐positive HNC cases, 67% were detected with HPV‐16 E6 and/or E7 antibodies. Male gender (76% vs. 42%, p = 0.02), younger age (63% vs. 16%, p = 0.001) but not tobacco or alcohol were associated with E6 and/or E7 seropositivity. Seropositivity was associated more often with late stage (76%), poor grade (65%), positive nodes (82%). and in the oropharynx (82%), Median disease‐specific and recurrence‐free survival were longer in E6 and/or E7 seropositive compared to E6/E7‐negative cases (2.2 years vs. 1.4 years, both outcomes), although results were not statistically significant. When examined jointly with p16 expression, E6 and/or E7‐positive/p16‐positive cases had better disease‐specific (2.1 years vs. 1.1 years, p = 0.06) and recurrence‐free (2.3 years vs. 1.1 years, p = 0.03) survival compared to E6‐/E7‐/p16‐ cases. These findings suggest there are 2 distinct HNC patient groups with HPV DNA‐positive tumors, distinguishable by E6 and/or E7 antibody status. Differences in antibody status are associated with distinct risk factors and clinical outcomes. This information can be available as a simple blood test at initial presentation, before the removal of tissue through biopsy or surgery.
Utilization, Outcomes, and Retransplantation of Liver Allografts From Donation After Cardiac Death: Implications for Further Expansion of the Deceased-Donor Pool

Objective:Utilization, outcomes, and retransplantation (ReTx) of liver allografts obtained by donation after cardiac death (DCD) are examined to identify mechanisms to optimize donation. Summary and Background Data:DCD for liver transplantation (LTX) has immediate potential to expand the donor pool but application is limited. Methods:Retrospective analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) from January 2002 to April 2007 identified 855 DCD and 21,089 donation after brain death (DBD) adult, initial, whole-organ, liver-only LTX. Donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics were compared. Outcome measures were listing for ReTx within 1 year and graft survival determined as death or ReTx. Results:DCD donors were younger (P < 0.001), with fewer African American and non-white race (P < 0.001), and fewer deaths secondary to stroke (P < 0.001). DCD recipients were older (P < 0.001), with lower Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores (P < 0.001), and less likely in intensive care (P = 0.02) or high-urgency status (P < 0.001). DCD allografts were more frequently imported from another allocation region (12% vs. 7%; P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis of time to DCD graft failure demonstrates higher DCD graft failure within the first 180 days (20.5% DCD vs. 11.5% DBD; P < 0.001) with convergence thereafter. DCD listing for ReTx and graft failure progressed continuously over180 days versus 20 days in DBD. At ReTx, DCD recipients waited longer and received higher risk allografts (P = 0.039) more often from another region. More DCD recipients remain waiting for ReTx with fewer removed for death, clinical deterioration, or improvement. Conclusions:DCD utilization is impeded by early outcomes and a temporally different failure pattern that limits access to ReTx. Allocation policy that recognizes these limitations and increases access to ReTx is necessary for expansion of this donor population.
Potential interference of agents on radioiodide thyroid uptake in the euthyroid rat.

UNLABELLED The objective of this research was to investigate the merits of controlled studies with euthyroid rats as a means of determining the influence of dose and time after administration of agents that may interfere with radioiodide uptake in the thyroid. METHODS Potassium iodide (KI), propylthiouracil (PTU), diatrizoate meglumine, and iohexol were selected to represent interfering agents. Two dose levels per agent were investigated. Doses used were 1 and 2 mg/kg of body weight for KI, 3.5 and 7 mg/kg of body weight for PTU, 1 mL/kg (282 mg I/kg) and 2 mL/kg (564 mg I/kg) of body weight for diatrizoate meglumine, and 1 mL/kg (300 mg I/kg) and 2 mL/kg (600 mg I/kg) of body weight for iohexol. The 24-h radioiodide thyroid uptake was determined after (131)I was given at 1, 8, 15, and 22 d after administration of interfering agents. RESULTS The percentage radioiodide uptake value for the thyroid decreased significantly compared with controls for all agents and both doses on day 1 but returned to control levels by day 22 for all agents and both doses The time to return to normal varied between agents and doses. CONCLUSION We conclude that the interfering agent, the dose given, and the length of time after administration influence the potential for an agent to affect radioiodide uptake in the thyroid. Further studies with the rat, preferably hyperthyroid, would be beneficial in generating data to reduce confusing contradictory information on the length and severity of interference of agents in radioiodide thyroid studies.
Parkinson's Disease: The Mitochondria-Iron Link

Mitochondrial dysfunction, iron accumulation, and oxidative damage are conditions often found in damaged brain areas of Parkinson's disease. We propose that a causal link exists between these three events. Mitochondrial dysfunction results not only in increased reactive oxygen species production but also in decreased iron-sulfur cluster synthesis and unorthodox activation of Iron Regulatory Protein 1 (IRP1), a key regulator of cell iron homeostasis. In turn, IRP1 activation results in iron accumulation and hydroxyl radical-mediated damage. These three occurrences—mitochondrial dysfunction, iron accumulation, and oxidative damage—generate a positive feedback loop of increased iron accumulation and oxidative stress. Here, we review the evidence that points to a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and iron accumulation as early events in the development of sporadic and genetic cases of Parkinson's disease. Finally, an attempt is done to contextualize the possible relationship between mitochondria dysfunction and iron dyshomeostasis. Based on published evidence, we propose that iron chelation—by decreasing iron-associated oxidative damage and by inducing cell survival and cell-rescue pathways—is a viable therapy for retarding this cycle.
The Novel, Proteasome-Independent NF-κB Inhibitor V1810 Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Multiple Myeloma and Overcomes NF-κB–Mediated Drug Resistance

Evidence is increasing that aberrant NF-κB activation is crucial for multiple myeloma pathophysiology and a promising target for new antimyeloma therapies. In this study, we assessed the in vitro antimyeloma activity of the novel NF-κB inhibitor V1810. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity were studied in vivo. In mice, V1810 plasma concentrations of 10 μmol/L can be reached without relevant toxicity. At this concentration, V1810 potently induces apoptosis in all four multiple myeloma cell lines assessed (IC50 = 5–12 μmol/L) as well as in primary multiple myeloma cells (IC50 = 5–40 μmol/L). Apoptosis induced by V1810 is associated with proteasome-independent inhibition of NF-κB signaling (41% relative reduction), downregulation of Mcl-1, and caspase 3 cleavage. In OPM2, U266, and RPMI-8226 cells, induction of apoptosis is accompanied by cell cycle arrest. Western blots revealed downregulation of Cdk4 as well as cyclin D1 (U266) or cyclin D2 (OPM2, NCI-H929, RPMI-8226), but not cyclin D3. Consistently, retinoblastoma protein was found to be hypophosphorylated. Furthermore, V1810 reverses NF-κB activation induced by the genotoxic drugs melphalan and doxorubicin. V1810 and melphalan synergistically decrease multiple myeloma cell viability. Taken together, the novel, proteasome-independent NF-κB inhibitor V1810 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in multiple myeloma cells at a concentration range that can be achieved in vivo. Moreover, V1810 reverses NF-κB activation by alkylating drugs and overcomes NF-κB–mediated resistance to melphalan. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(2); 300–10
CRITERIA FOR DEMONSTRATING FEMALE SPERM CHOICE

Females may base their choice of sperm on male attractiveness or on genetic (in)compatibility with the male. Evidence is accumulating that male and female genotype both affect fertilization success (Wedekind et al. 1996, Clark et al. 1999). If female sperm choice is a mechanism to avoid the negative effects of inbreeding (as the studies reviewed in Birkhead 1998 suggest), one could perform P2-experiments using groups of related versus unrelated females. Such an example is provided by Wilson et al. (1997) and discussed in Birkhead (1998). A recent study on decorated field crickets (Gryllodes supplicans) used a different approach (Stockley 1999). In this study, each female of a sibling pair was allowed to copulate first with a sibling male, followed by either another sibling male or a nonsibling. The paternity obtained by the first sibling male (P1 value) was lower when the second male was a nonsibling, providing some evidence for female sperm choice based on genetic similarity (Stockley 1999).
Inhibition of Cytokinesis by a Lipid Metabolite, Psychosine

Although a number of cellular components of cytokinesis have been identified, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying this process. Here, we report that the lipid metabolite psychosine (galactosylsphingosine), derived from galactosylceramide, induced formation of multinuclear cells from a variety of nonadherent and adherent cells due to inhibition of cytokinesis. When psychosine was added to the human myelomonocyte cell line U937, which was the most sensitive among the cell lines tested, cleavage furrow formed either incompletely or almost completely. However, abnormal contractile movement was detected in which the cellular contents of one of the hemispheres of the contracting cell were transferred into its counterpart. Finally, the cleavage furrow disappeared and cytokinesis was reversed. Psychosine treatment also induced giant clots of actin filaments in the cells that probably consisted of small vacuoles with filamentous structures, suggesting that psychosine affected actin reorganization. These observations could account for the formation of multinuclear globoid cells in the brains of patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy, a neurological disorder characterized by the accumulation of psychosine due to galactosylceramidase deficiency.
Alteration of 1,2-Diacylglycerol Content in Myocardium From Diabetic Rats

1,2-Diacylglycerol has been proposed to be a secondary messenger; therefore, in this study we evaluated the amount of 1,2-diacylglycerol in heart tissue from streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and examined the effect of insulin treatment on 1,2-diacylglycerol content. Diabetic rats had lower body and ventricular weights and higher ratios of ventricular to body weight, all of which shifted toward normal values after 4 wk of untreated diabetes followed by 4 wk of insulin treatment. The contents of major phospholipids were significantly depressed in the diabetic rat hearts. In contrast, the triglyceride and cholesterol contents in the myocardium were increased by streptozocin injection and completely normalized by insulin treatment, and glucose levels returned to normal. The 1,2-diacylglycerol content in the myocardium was also significantly elevated in the diabetic rats compared with age-matched controls. Moreover, the 1,2-diacylglycerol content was significantly higher in rats with 4 wk of diabetes than in those with 8 wk of diabetes. Insulin treatment in the diabetic rats, however, did not produce any decrease in 1,2-diacylglycerol content. The results of this study suggest that the development of cardiomyopathy induced by streptozocin injection is associated with a high 1,2-diacylglycerol level, which may result in the activation of protein kinase C. Insulin is one of the agonists that generates 1,2-diacylglycerol in myocytes; however, the relationship between the sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol level and the normalization of diabetes by insulin administration is unclear.
Change in Predominance of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenotypes among Samples Submitted to a Diagnostic Laboratory over a 20-Year Time Span

Although the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea was initially categorized as 1 species, phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses belong to 2 different species, Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) and BVDV-2, with 2–11 subgenotypes within each species. Distribution of species and subgenotypes has been shown to vary with geographic region. Whether distribution shifts over time is not known. Surveys conducted between 1994 and 2008 reported 3 subgenotypes circulating among cattle in the United States: BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a. The average percent prevalence of BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a strains reported in surveys before 2001 were 21%, 43%, and 36%, respectively. Surveys conducted on viruses isolated after 2001 reported decreasing percentages of BVDV-1a and BVDV-2a strains, with BVDV-1b strains accounting for 75–100% of samples. Comparison of these surveys is confounded by differences in geographic location, collection methods, and sample type used in the survey. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the prevalence of BVDV subgenotypes shifted in samples collected from the same geographic region and by the same laboratory over time. BVDV strains isolated in years 1988, 1998, and 2008, at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Amarillo, Texas, were genotyped, and the prevalence of BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a strains were determined. Typing, on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, was done on 148 samples. The strongest trend detected among these samples was a pronounced decrease in the number of BVDV-1a strains over time.
The Frequency of Recurrent Multiple Maternities Using Two Sets of Census Data in Japan: 1990 and 1995

Abstract Frequencies of recurrent multiple maternities were estimated using two sets of census data in Japan in 1990 and 1995. The repeat frequency (RF) of the twinning rate is the frequency of 2 sets of twins among families or couples who have already had 1 set of twins and 2 more siblings. The overall RFs were 9.6 per 1000 couples in 1990 and 9.3 in 1995. The RFs of the monozygotic (MZ) twinning rates were 5.9 per 1000 couples in 1990 and 5.5 in 1995. The RFs of the dizygotic (DZ) twinning rates were 3.7 in 1990 and 3.8 in 1995. For unlike-sexed propositus twins, the RF of MZ twins were 5.0 per 1000 couples in 1990 and 5.5 in 1995. The RF of DZ twins were 5.3 in 1990 and 4.6 in 1995. As for like-sexed propositus twins, the corresponding RFs were 6.2 and 5.5 for MZ twins, and 3.4 and 3.6 for DZ twins, respectively. In mothers who have experienced a twin maternity, the overall RF of twinning was 1.5 to 2 times as high as the average mother's chance of having twins. There was no RF for triplets for both census years. As for geographic variations of the overall RF, the rates in Okinawa (16.2) and Hokkaido (15.3) were significantly higher than those in the Tohoku (8.7), Kanto (8.0) and Kyushu (7.4) districts.
Dual citizenship rights: do they make more and richer citizens?

In the 1990s, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Brazil passed dual citizenship laws granting their expatriates the right to naturalize in the receiving country without losing their nationality of origin. I estimate the effects of these new laws on naturalization rates and labor market outcomes in the United States. Based on data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. censuses, In find that immigrants recently granted dual nationality rights are more likely to naturalize relative to immigrants from other Latin American countries. They also experience relative employment and earnings gains, together with drops in welfare use, suggesting that dual citizenship rights not only increase the propensity to naturalize but may also promote economic assimilation. The effects of dual citizenship on improved economic performance, if mediated through naturalization, are consistent with American citizenship conferring greater economic opportunities.
How Environmental Protection Motivation Influences on Residents’ Recycled Water Reuse Behaviors: A Case Study in Xi’an City

Pro-environmental behaviors related to reclaimed water reuse are regarded as important motivations for both environmental protection and the use of reclaimed water, and these motivations could affect the citizens’ decision whether they will accept reclaimed water reuse. A hypothesis model was developed as the NAM (Norm Activation Model) has changed, and this hypothesis model was used to explore the factors that affect the citizen’s decision about the reclaimed water reuse, and obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of urban citizens in environmental protection and the related outcomes. First, 584 samples were used to verify the reliability and validity of data, and AMOS21.0 was used to test the goodness-of-fit between the sample data and the hypothesis model. Based on this, the applicability of the improved NAM was verified through the study of recycled water reuse. The hypothesis model was used to analyze its direct influences, showing that environmental motivation has positive influences on the citizens’ acceptance toward recycled water reuse. Besides, Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediation effect, proving that awareness of consequences regarding environmental pollution caused by human activities and ascription of responsibility could strengthen the citizens’ motivation to protect the environment.
Variation of Parameters Method for Initial and Boundary Value Problems

In this paper, we apply the Variation of Parameters Method (VPM) for solving initial and boundary value problems of diversified physical nature. The analytical results are calculated in terms of convergent series with easily computable components. The proposed VPM is applied without any discretization, perturbation, transformation or restrictive assumptions and is free from round off errors and calculation of the so-called Adomian's polynomials. The suggested algorithm is tested on higher dimensional initial and boundary value problems, Boussinesq and Helmholtz equations and nonlinear boundary value problems of various orders. Numerical results reveal the complete reliability of the proposed VPM.
Liquidity and Risk Management: Coordinating Investment and Compensation Policies

We formulate a dynamic financial contracting problem with risky inalienable human capital. We show that the inalienability of the entrepreneurâ€™s risky human capital not only gives rise to endogenous liquidity limits but also calls for dynamic liquidity and risk management policies via standard securities that firms routinely pursue in practice, such as retained earnings, possible line of credit draw-downs, and hedging via futures and insurance contracts.
The Meandering Margin of the Meteorological Moist Tropics

Bimodally distributed column water vapor (CWV) indicates a well‐defined moist regime in the Tropics, above a margin value near 48 kg m−2 in current climate (about 80% of column saturation). Maps reveal this margin as a meandering, sinuous synoptic contour bounding broad plateaus of the moist regime. Within these plateaus, convective storms of distinctly smaller convective and mesoscales occur sporadically. Satellite data composites across the poleward most margin reveal its sharpness, despite the crude averaging: precipitation doubles within 100 km, marked by both enhancement and deepening of cloudiness. Transported patches and filaments of the moist regime cause consequential precipitation events within and beyond the Tropics. Distinguishing synoptic flows that cross the margin from flows that move the margin is made possible by a novel satellite‐based Lagrangian CWV tendency estimate. Climate models do not reliably reproduce the observed bimodal distribution, so studying the moist mode's maintenance processes and the margin‐zone air mass transformations, guided by the Lagrangian tendency product, might importantly constrain model moist process treatments.