Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relations between leader‐subordinate personality similarity and job attitudes

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the associations between organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), leader‐member exchange (LMX), perceived organizational justice, and similarity between subordinate and supervisor on the Big Five personality traits.Design/methodology/approach – A research questionnaire was administered to 120 blue‐collar workers in a large industrial company in Israel. A structural equation model was conducted to test the proposed relations and mediating hypotheses.Findings – OCBs were found to be related to LMX and organizational justice. In addition, LMX was found to mediate the relationship between organizational justice and OCBs. Contrary to expectations, a negative correlation was found between personality similarity and LMX.Practical implications – Organizations may facilitate OCBs by improving LMX relationships and organizational justice. Supervisors should be encouraged to form high‐quality LMX relationships with dissimilar subordinates.Originality/value – The study emp.
Are Star Funds Really Shining? Cross-Trading and Performance Shifting in Mutual Fund Families

The majority of financial trades take place in open and highly regulated markets. As an alternative venue, large asset managers sometimes offset the trades of affiliated funds in an internal market, without relying on external facilities or supervision. In this paper, we employ institutional trade-level data to examine such cross-trades. We find that cross-trades used to display a spread of 46 basis points with respect to open market trades before more restrictive regulation was adopted. The introduction of tighter supervision decreased this spread by 59 basis points, bringing the execution price of cross-trades below that of open market trades. We additionally find that cross-trades presented larger deviations from benchmark prices when the exchanged stocks were illiquid and highly volatile, during high financial uncertainty times, and when the asset manager had weak governance, large internal markets, and a strong incentive for reallocating performance. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that cross-trades are more likely than open-market trades to be executed exactly at the highest or lowest price of the day, consistent with the ex post setting of the price. Our results are consistent with theoretical models of internal capital markets in which the headquarters actively favors its "stars" at the expense of the least valuable units.
Perceptions of sexual harassment: An evolutionary perspective

Abstract Much of what we know about perceptions of hostile‐environment sexual harassment remains unclear; therefore, scholars have called for greater theory development and theory‐guided research. We present an evolutionary psychological framework for understanding sexual harassment perceptions and use that perspective to examine the effects of age, sex, status, and power on perceptions of hostile‐environment harassment. In Study 1, we examined the effects of observer age, sex, and behavioral severity on harassment perceptions. Age had a significant effect, with older women viewing sexually‐toned behaviors as more harassing than younger women. Observer sex also had a significant effect, with females perceiving sexually‐toned behaviors — primarily the severe behaviors — as more harassing. Behavioral severity had a strong and significant effect on perceptions of both sexes. In Study 2, we examined how initiator status and power affected harassment perceptions. As expected, initiator power had a strong main .
Changes in exhaled carbon monoxide and nitric oxide levels following allergen challenge in patients with asthma.

Carbon monoxide is a product of haem degradation by haem oxygenase (HO), activated by inflammatory cytokines and oxidants. This study examined whether allergen challenge can increase exhaled CO levels, as a reflection of HO activation. Exhaled CO and nitric oxide, an expired gas also thought to reflect cytokine-induced airway inflammation, were measured in 15 atopic steroid-naive nonsmoking patients with asthma (13 males, aged 30+/-2 yrs) before and for up to 20 h after allergen challenge. Baseline CO (4.4+/-0.3 parts per million (ppm)) and NO (20.6+/-1.2 parts per billion (ppb)) levels were elevated in asthmatic as compared with nonsmoking normal volunteers (n = 37, 2.1+/-0.2 ppm and 7.0+/-0.1 ppb, respectively, p<0.05). In 10 patients with a dual response in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) there was a maximal increase in exhaled CO at 1 h (343+/-7.1%) and at 6 h (69+/-12%, p<0.01), followed by a maximal fall in FEV1 (28+/-9%, p<0.05) at 9 h, whereas the maximal NO increase was observed at 10 h (50.2+/-11.8%). The maximal increase in exhaled CO in single response patients (n = 5) was 30+/-2% during the early asthmatic reaction and 46.3+/-9.2% between 4 and 10 h, followed by a fall in FEV1 (9+/-3%, p>0.05) at 9 h, whereas exhaled NO was not significantly changed. In five patients exhaled CO was not attenuated by inhalation of increasing concentrations of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) or its subsequent relief by beta2-agonists. In conclusion, exhaled carbon monoxide is increased during the early and late asthmatic reactions independently of the change in airway calibre, while exhaled nitric oxide is increased only during the late reaction and follows the increase in carbon monoxide and fall in the forced expiratory volume in one second in time.
Volatile Signaling in Plant-Plant Interactions: "Talking Trees" in the Genomics Era

Plants may “eavesdrop” on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by herbivore-attacked neighbors to activate defenses before being attacked themselves. Transcriptome and signal cascade analyses of VOC-exposed plants suggest that plants eavesdrop to prime direct and indirect defenses and to hone competitive abilities. Advances in research on VOC biosynthesis and perception have facilitated the production of plants that are genetically “deaf” to particular VOCs or “mute” in elements of their volatile vocabulary. Such plants, together with advances in VOC analytical instrumentation, will allow researchers to determine whether fluency enhances the fitness of plants in natural communities.
Electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus protects rat brain, in vitro, from staurosporine‐induced apoptosis

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) elicits a prolonged (∼10 days) and substantial (50–80%) protection against ischemic and excitotoxic injuries. The mechanism(s) of protection are unknown. We investigated whether FN stimulation directly protects brain cells against apoptotic cell death in an in vitro rat brain slice culture model. Rats were electrically stimulated in FN or, as control, the cerebellar dentate nucleus (DN). Coronal slices through the forebrain were explanted, exposed to staurosporine, harvested, and analyzed for caspase‐3 activity by a fluorescence assay. FN, but not DN, stimulation significantly reduced staurosporine‐induced caspase‐3 activity by 39 ± 7% at 3 h, 31 ± 3% at 6 h and 26 ± 4% at 10 h of incubation. Immunocytochemistry revealed FN‐specific reductions in activated caspase‐3 mainly in glial‐like cells throughout the forebrain. FN stimulation also results in a 56.5% reduction in cytochrome c release upon staurosporine incubation. We conclude that neuroprotection elicited from FN stimulation can directly modify the sensitivity of brain cells to apoptotic stimuli and thereby suppress staurosporine induced apoptosis in adult rat brain slices. This model indicates that neuroprotection can be studied in vitro and provides new insight into the potential role of glial cells in ischemic protection of neurons induced by FN stimulation.
Mother‐Father Differences in Parental Influence on School Grades and Educational Goals*

Using data from a sample of sixth, eighth, and tenth grade students and their mothers and fathers, this research tests the effects of parental formal education and parental recognition of achievement upon school grades, realistic eduational expectations, and ideal educational aspirations. Substantial differences between mothers and fathers are reported. Maternal education had effects, net of the other variables, on all three of the dependent variables, whereas paternal education had an effect only on student educational expectations; the effects of paternal recognition, net of the other variables, upon grades and educational expectations and aspirations were clear, while those of maternal recognition were not. The findings are interpreted in terms of the differential impacts of three mechanisms of parental influence which were suggested by theories of (a) economically-based status ascription, (b) modeling the role behavior of significant others, and (c) conditioned learning.
Body size at birth, physical development and cognitive outcomes in early childhood: evidence from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children

Using a rich sample created from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children, we investigate the extent to which the relationship between body size at birth and early childhood cognitive skills is mediated by physical development indicators. Consistent with existing evidence from other countries, we find a significant relationship between body size at birth and future development among Australian children as well, in terms of both weight and length. Accounting for progressive measures of physical developments and other confounding factors, however, indicates that only a small proportion of this association works through these pathways, while most of it remains persistent.
Evaluation of Semen Quality of Five Different Cockerel Breed used in Poultry Industry in Nigeria

This experiment is conducted to evaluate semen quality of five different cockerel breeds used in poultry industry in Nigeria. The ultimate aim is to improve the production efficiency of meat and egg in the poultry industry. The differences between breeds were determined by evaluating the semen, microscopically checking for motility, sperm concentration, and sperm morphology and life to dead ratio. Five different chickens namely Hubbard, Dominant brown, Isa white, Yoruba Ecotype and Fulani Ecotype were used. Comparative evaluation of the semen was performed in 25 cockerels (Five per breed). Semen was collected twice per week for seven weeks. The eosin-nigrosin staining techniques were used microscopically to evaluate the morphology of the sperm from the different breeds. The fresh semen parameters evaluated were ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, the percentage live and dead sperm, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities. The study shows a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the ejaculated volumes, sperm concentration, active and sluggish sperm cells. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in all the semen abnormalities and sperm motility. Hence, Fulani Ecotypes were significantly different in terms of body weight, low sperm abnormalities; high ejaculate volume of semen and high relative motility. Despite the fact that it is an indigenous local breed of poultry found in Nigeria, Fulani Indigenous breeds are recommended for semen production if adequate management practices are in place. This will reduce the cost of importing exotic breeds used for breeding.
Policy and provision for disabled students in higher education in Scotland and England: the current state of play

Higher education in the UK has been through a period of major change since the mid‐1980s. A massive expansion in the number of students has been coupled with a reduction in the unit of resource, increased inter‐institutional competition and greater accountability. Within this demanding context, pressure has also been applied to institutions to improve accessibility for disabled people, through funding council mechanisms, quality assurance procedures and, more recently, changes in legislation. Drawing on the findings of an ESRC‐funded research project, Disabled students and multiple policy innovations in higher education, involving a survey of higher education institutions, the article describes and discusses the current state of policy and provision for disabled students in higher education in Scotland and England. It concludes that, while there are definite signs of progress in the development of provision for disabled students, many areas need much further attention. A particular area of concern is teaching and learning. Effecting real change in this area means addressing questions which challenge conventional notions of effective teaching and learning practice. It is argued that improvements in provision for disabled students in this area would mean improvements for all students. Disability is still seen as a fairly distinct policy area, mainly addressed by student support services. Further significant progress can only be made if disability is embedded into all institutional policies and procedures. Its relocation, particularly in the area of teaching and learning, however, will demand a significant commitment on the part of all institutions.
Long Polyamines Act as Cofactors in PIP2 Activation of Inward Rectifier Potassium (Kir2.1) Channels

Phosphatidylinosital-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) acts as an essential factor regulating the activity of all Kir channels. In most Kir members, the dependence on PIP2 is modulated by other factors, such as protein kinases (in Kir1), Gβγ (in Kir3), and the sulfonylurea receptor (in Kir6). So far, however, no regulator has been identified in Kir2 channels. Here we show that polyamines, which cause inward rectification by selectively blocking outward current, also regulate the interaction of PIP2 with Kir2.1 channels to maintain channel availability. Using spermine and diamines as polyamine analogs, we demonstrate that both spontaneous and PIP2 antibody–induced rundown of Kir2.1 channels in excised inside-out patches was markedly slowed by long polyamines; in contrast, polyamines with shorter chain length were ineffective. In K188Q mutant channels, which have a low PIP2 affinity, application PIP2 (10 μM) was unable to activate channel activity in the absence of polyamines, but markedly activated channels in the presence of long diamines. Using neomycin as a measure of PIP2 affinity, we found that long polyamines were capable of strengthening either the wild type or K188Q channels' interaction with PIP2. The negatively charged D172 residue inside the transmembrane pore region was critical for the shift of channel–PIP2 binding affinity by long polyamines. Sustained pore block by polyamines was neither sufficient nor necessary for this effect. We conclude that long polyamines serve a dual role as both blockers and coactivators (with PIP2) of Kir2.1 channels.
Bilingual Lexicon Induction by Learning to Combine Word-Level and Character-Level Representations

We study the problem of bilingual lexicon induction (BLI) in a setting where some translation resources are available, but unknown translations are sought for certain, possibly domain-specific terminology. We frame BLI as a classification problem for which we design a neural network based classification architecture composed of recurrent long short-term memory and deep feed forward networks. The results show that word- and character-level representations each improve state-of-the-art results for BLI, and the best results are obtained by exploiting the synergy between these word- and character-level representations in the classification model.
Optical Switching and Image Storage by Means of Azobenzene Liquid-Crystal Films

Liquid crystals are promising materials for optical switching and image storage because of their high resolution and sensitivity. Azobenzene liquid crystals (LCs) have been developed, in which azobenzene moieties play roles as both mesogens and photosensitive chromophores. Azobenzene LC films showed a nematic phase in trans isomers and no LC phase in cis isomers. Trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene with a laser pulse resulted in a nematic-to-isotropic phase transition with a rapid optical response of 200 microseconds.
Design considerations for VRM transient response based on the output impedance

This paper discusses the transient response of voltage regulator modules (VRMs) based on small-signal models. The concept of constant resistive output impedance design for the VRM is proposed, and its limitation in application is analyzed. The impact of the output filter and the feedback control bandwidth shows that there is an optimum design for the VRM to achieve fast transient response, small size and good efficiency. Simulations and experimental results prove the theoretical analysis.
Classifying the Complexity of Constraints Using Finite Algebras

Many natural combinatorial problems can be expressed as constraint satisfaction problems. This class of problems is known to be NP-complete in general, but certain restrictions on the form of the constraints can ensure tractability. Here we show that any set of relations used to specify the allowed forms of constraints can be associated with a finite universal algebra and we explore how the computational complexity of the corresponding constraint satisfaction problem is connected to the properties of this algebra. Hence, we completely translate the problem of classifying the complexity of restricted constraint satisfaction problems into the language of universal algebra. We introduce a notion of "tractable algebra," and investigate how the tractability of an algebra relates to the tractability of the smaller algebras which may be derived from it, including its subalgebras and homomorphic images. This allows us to reduce significantly the types of algebras which need to be classified. Using our results we also show that if the decision problem associated with a given collection of constraint types can be solved efficiently, then so can the corresponding search problem. We then classify all finite strictly simple surjective algebras with respect to tractability, obtaining a dichotomy theorem which generalizes Schaefer's dichotomy for the generalized satisfiability problem. Finally, we suggest a possible general algebraic criterion for distinguishing the tractable and intractable cases of the constraint satisfaction problem.
The inclusive school

Confronts possibilities and problems associated with creating diverse, multicultural “inclusive” schools. Describes the inclusive school as being less hierarchical, embracing community, and celebrating diversity. Suggests that the inclusive school is supported by Sergiovanni’s (1993) concept of community and Maxwell’s (1994) concept of contiguity‐based solidarity. Demonstrates through working examples of inclusive approaches how schools can better serve their students by fostering a sense of community and promotes ways of advancing solidarity and diversity simultaneously. To further the argument, presents a general historic evolutionary overview to illustrate the theoretical underpinnings of the model along with a case example and discussion of key features of inclusive schools.
Analysis of the selected biochemical blood parameters in patients after total hip replacement.

INTRODUCTION The cause of osteoarthritis is inflammation associated with production of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, dysregulation of extracellular matrix, and weakening of mechanical cartilage integration. The joint damage is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Biomarkers influencing the course of the disease can be found in the peripheral blood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to confirm whether total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis changes the levels of biochemical parameters associated with degenerative changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 34 patients qualified for total hip replacement. On the day of surgery, at day 10 after surgery and 6 weeks after surgery, blood was collected for analysis from the patients. Selected erythrocyte redox balance parameters were analyzed, i.e.: concentration of compounds reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), catalase activity, activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and serum concentration of cytokines: IL6 and Il-1β/Il-1F2. CONCLUSION Hip joint alloplasty leads to a reduction of inflammatory parameters and shifts the redox balance toward a reduced state.
Wolof Adolescents' Dreams.

Summary By means of a questionnaire addressed to 776 Senegalese secondary school students belonging to the Wolof ethnic group an evaluation was attempted of the importance given to dreams, their frequency and recall, their nature, and the persons involved in them. The main findings were: 1. A great deal of importance was ascribed to dreams (31% of Ss believed that dreams could predict reality). 2. Girls recalled dreams more often than boys. 3. Kindness appeared more frequently in Ss' dreams than hatred. 4. The dreams were rather realistic, especially those of girls. 5. Dreams of success or failure in exams were most important.
Les fonctions culturelles de l'écriture et les conditions de son développement chez l'enfant.

Au-dela de ses formes embryonnaires (nœi.ds, encoches, pictographies), l'ecriture est veritablement nee avec les « systemes » ideographique, semiographique et phonographique qui sont tous encore utilises a notre epoque. ; Quel que soit le systeme adopte, l'ecritum est representation du langage, a l'aide de signes graphiques conventionnels, systematiques, reconnaissables, successifs et lineaires. Elle a un role de communication et d'aide-memoire; elle fixe une langue, reflete une civilisation et consolide les groupes sociaux. Necessaire au developpement du commerce et du droit, elle a aussi ete art sacre contenant des secrets, ascese ou occupation plaisante alliant poesie et beaute des caracteres, instrument d'oppression ou de liberation. ; En fonction du systeme en usage dans son pays, l'enfant qui apprend a ecrire doit se soumettre a des conventions bien precises. Mais pour tous les ecoliers l'acquisition de l'ecriture requiert un certain niveau d'evolution du langage, une maitrise de l'espace graphique et un certain degre de developpement moteur, praxique et affectif. L'acquisition de l'ecriture depend aussi des methodes d'apprentissage. En fonction d'une meilleure comprehension de ce qu'est l'ecriture pour l'enfant, la pedagogie s'est enrichie et diversifiee. Les echelles d'ecriture, notamment celle d'H. de Gobineau, ont permis de mieux cerner l'evolution normale de l'ecriture enfantine envisagee dans son aspect de trace graphique. Les etudes sur les troubles de l'ecriture ont conduit a l'elaboration d'instruments diagnostiques et de methodes therapeutiques appropriees. ; Jusqu'a quel point l'ecriture est-elle le miroir d'une personnalite? Quand il s'agit de l'enfant plus encore que quand il s'agit de l'adulte, la reponse issue de diverses recherches ne peut etre que tres prudente et nuancee. ; La necessite d'un enracinement dans le patrimoine culturel et la specificite de l'ecriture dans les moyens de communication actuels, sa valeur d'affirmation ; et de confirmation donnent a penser qu'elle existera encore dans la societe de demain. Bibl. , ill. , ; mots-clefs: ecriture, varietes, fonctions culturelles, developpement chez l'enfant.