Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully dynamic all pairs shortest paths with real edge weights

We present the first fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining all pairs shortest paths in directed graphs with real-valued edge weights. Given a dynamic directed graph G such that each edge can assume at most S different real values, we show how to support updates deterministically in O(S/spl middot/n/sup 2.5/log/sup 3/n) amortized time and queries in optimal worst-case time. No previous fully dynamic algorithm was known for this problem. In the special case where edge weights can only be increased, we give a randomized algorithm with one-sided error which supports updates faster in O(S/spl middot/nlog/sup 3/n) amortized time.
Wasting lives: The effects of toxic waste exposure on health. The case of Campania, Southern Italy

Three decades of illegal practices of waste dumping and consequent environmental abuse have made the Campania region of Southern Italy a unique case in the context of waste-related health outcomes. Scientific evidence is mounting in support of a significant increase in cancer mortality and malformation occurrence in specific areas of the Campania region, where improper waste management and illegal waste trafficking have been repeatedly documented. However, the currently available evidence suffers from limitations mainly due to study design, lack of consideration of confounders and quality of the exposure data. Recent economic studies have shown the economic benefits of reclaiming toxic waste sites in Campania. Future perspectives include the adoption of different study designs, use of biomarkers and a molecular approach. Current knowledge, both scientific and economic, might be of help in orienting the short and long term governmental policy on waste related health outcomes at a regional level.
PINOID AGC Kinases Are Necessary for Phytochrome-Mediated Enhancement of Hypocotyl Phototropism in Arabidopsis1[W][OPEN]

Phytochrome-mediated phototropic enhancement depends on PINOID family kinases. Several members of the AGCVIII kinase subfamily, which includes PINOID (PID), PID2, and WAVY ROOT GROWTH (WAG) proteins, have previously been shown to phosphorylate PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters and control the auxin flow in plants. PID has been proposed as a key component of the phototropin signaling pathway that induces phototropic responses, although the responses were not significantly impaired in the pid single and pid wag1 wag2 triple mutants. This raises questions about the functional roles of the PID family in phototropic responses. Here, we investigated hypocotyl phototropism in the pid pid2 wag1 wag2 quadruple mutant in detail to clarify the roles of the PID family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The pid quadruple mutants exhibited moderate responses in continuous light-induced phototropism with a decrease in growth rates of hypocotyls and normal responses in pulse-induced phototropism. However, they showed serious defects in enhancements of pulse-induced phototropic curvatures and lateral fluorescent auxin transport by red light pretreatment. Red light pretreatment significantly reduced the expression level of PID, and the constitutive expression of PID prevented pulse-induced phototropism, irrespective of red light pretreatment. This suggests that the PID family plays a significant role in phytochrome-mediated phototropic enhancement but not the phototropin signaling pathway. Red light treatment enhanced the intracellular accumulation of PIN proteins in response to the vesicle-trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A in addition to increasing their expression levels. Taken together, these results suggest that red light preirradiation enhances phototropic curvatures by up-regulation of PIN proteins, which are not being phosphorylated by the PID family.
Effects of Cold Deformation and Aging Process on Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Fe–18Cr–18Mn–0.63N High‐Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

Effects of different treatments (solid solution + cold deformation + aging condition) on the microstructure of Fe–18Cr–18Mn–0.63N high‐nitrogen austenitic stainless steel and consequently on its mechanical properties were investigated by microscopic observations and mechanical characterizations. For un‐cold‐deformed and 20% cold‐deformed steels, the results show that, all precipitates are Cr2N phase and the granular precipitates transform into cellular precipitates with increasing aging time. However, in 50% cold‐deformed steel only the granular and massive Cr2N precipitates. On the other hand, no cellular Cr2N precipitates are observed, but the precipitation of σ phase is induced. In un‐cold‐deformed steel, all tensile properties including the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and the elongation decrease with increasing aging time, resulting from the precipitation of the second phase. In the cold‐deformed steels, the tensile and yield strengths decrease while the elongations firstly increase and then decrease with aging time. Actually, in the cold‐deformed steels, the strain recovery or recrystallization mainly causes the decreases in tensile and yield strength in addition to increase in elongation after aged for 1 h. In contrast, the cellular Cr2N precipitation or granular precipitation mainly results in the continually slow decreases in tensile and yield strengths and the relevant decrease in elongation with aging.
Ontology Extraction Tools: An Empirical Study with Educators

Recent research in Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) demonstrated several important benefits that semantic technologies can bring to the TEL domain. An underlying assumption for most of these research efforts is the existence of a domain ontology. The second unspoken assumption follows that educators will build domain ontologies for their courses. However, ontologies are hard to build, especially for not-tech-savvy users. Tools for ontology extraction from text aim to overcome this problem. We have conducted an empirical study with educators, both from Information Technology (IT) and non-IT domains, where they used current ontology extraction tools to build domain ontologies for their courses from their existing course material. Based on the obtained study results we have drawn conclusions about the existing ontology extraction tools and provided recommendations for their future development so that they can be beneficial for the TEL domain.
The multidepth deflectometer (MDD) system for determining the effective elastic moduli of pavement layers

This paper describes a nondestructive pavement testing system called the multidepth deflectometer (MDD), which is used to measure depth deflection profiles of pavements. Effective elastic moduli of multilayered pavement structures can be backcalculated from these measurements. This system was developed in South Africa during the late 1970s to enhance the extensive program of full-scale accelerated testing with the aid of the heavy vehicle simulator (HVS). The MDD consists of a series of up to six linear voltage differential transducers (LCDTs) installed vertically into the pavement at preselected depths in a relatively small-diameter hole. Normally the MDDs are anchored at a depth of approximately 2 m below the surface of the pavement. Resilient depth deflections are measured with the MDD in association with a moving load. Case studies of measured deflections are backcalculated effective elastic moduli are given the tests on an asphalt base, a granular base, a cement base, and a concrete base pavement section. The results are interpreted and discussed in terms of the behavioral characteristics and pavement responses, including permanent deformations. It was found that: (1) asphalt bases may become granular after extensive accelerated testing; (2) crushed stone bases may become stronger as a result of trafficking; (3) lightly cemented bases crush near the surface, thus weakening the layer; and (4) one cement pavement debonded from its subbase after 190 000 load repetitions.
Nanoaerosols Including Radon Decay Products in Outdoor and Indoor Air at a Suburban Site

Nanoaerosols have been monitored inside a kitchen and in the courtyard of a suburban farmhouse. Total number concentration and number size distribution (5–1000 nm) of general aerosol particles, as measured with a Grimm Aerosol SMPS+C 5.400 instrument outdoors, were mainly influenced by solar radiation and use of farming equipment, while, indoors, they were drastically changed by human activity in the kitchen. In contrast, activity concentrations of the short-lived radon decay products 218Po, 214Pb, and 214Bi, both those attached to aerosol particles and those not attached, measured with a Sarad EQF3020-2 device, did not appear to be dependent on these activities, except on opening and closing of the kitchen window. Neither did a large increase in concentration of aerosol particles smaller than 10 or 20 nm, with which the unattached radon products are associated, augment the fraction of the unattached decay products significantly.
Why 'Buy American' is a Bad Idea But Politicians Still Like it - (Pourquoi 'Achetez Américain' N’Est Pas Une Bonne Idée Mais Les Politiciens Continuent À Aimer Ça)

When the world economy was recently hit by a severe recession, governments all over the world reacted by initiating stimulus packages. Some countries (among them, most notably, China and the US) tried to put special emphasis on their home industries by including ‘Buy National’ clauses into the stimulus package. By analyzing the dynamics of transitory changes of trade barriers as a short‐run response to an economic downturn, we show that beggar‐thy‐neighbour policies do not work. We then come up with two rationales that help us understand why countries nevertheless consider protectionism to be a good response to a recession: (i) the lobbying of domestic, non‐exporting firms, and (ii) the relationship between vulnerability, the degree of openness and loss aversion of consumers. Quand l’economie mondiale a ete recemment frappee par une grave recession, les gouvernements partout dans le monde ont reagi en mettant en place des ensembles de politiques de stimulation. Certains pays (parmi eux, plus particulierement, la Chine et les Etats‐Unis) ont tente de mettre l’emphase sur les industries domestiques en incluant des clauses ≪Achat national≫ dans leurs politiques de stimulation. En analysant la dynamique des changements transitoires dans les barrieres commerciales en tant que reponse a court terme a un declin du niveau d’activiteeconomique, on montre que ces politiques protectionnistes ne donnent pas de resultats. On suggere deux rationalisations qui aident a comprendre pourquoi, malgre tout, les pays considerent le protectionnisme comme une bonne reponse a la recession: (i) le lobbying des entreprises domestiques qui n’exportent pas, et (ii) la relation entre la vulnerabilite, le degre d’ouverture de l’economie, et l’aversion aux pertes des consommateurs.
Imaging of the pulmonary manifestations of systemic disease

Outline Section A: connective tissue diseases : Rheumatoid arthritis : Systemic lupus erythematosis : Sjogren's syndrome : Polymyositis/dermatomyositis : Progressive systemic sclerosis : Mixed connective tissue disease : Ankylosing spondylitis : Relapsing polychondritis Section B: systemic vasculitides : Classification : Small vessel vasculitis : Medium and large vessel vasculitides : Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage Section C: miscellaneous : Lysosomal storage diseases : Amyloidosis : Langerhans cell histiocytosis : Erdheim-Chester disease : Primary ciliary dyskinesia : Inflammatory bowel disease : Neurofibromatosis : Tuberous sclerosis/lymphangioleiomyomatosisLung involvement in systemic disease may be a manifestation of the underlying pathological process, may be a complication of the underlying disease or may be related to the treatment. Lung pathology is dominant in certain diseases, such as in Wegener's granulomatosis, but may be only rarely present, for example in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. However, lung involvement has a profound effect on prognosis and may be challenging to accurately diagnose. In some patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue diagnosis with transbronchial or percutaneous biopsy is not possible, due to the poor clinical state of the patient. Imaging often plays a central part when lung involvement is suspected clinically and this role has increased with the advent of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The chest radiograph may provide diagnostic information and be useful in follow up but it is relatively insensitive. HRCT now has several established roles: (1) May be diagnostic and if not will often narrow the differential diagnosis.1 2 This in turn may reduce the need for biopsy.3 The HRCT signs of interstitial lung disease, small airways disease and bronchiectasis are well established (see box 1). #### Box 1: HRCT signs (adapted from Webb et al 223 p 118, 207, 243) ###### Fibrosing alveolitis 1. Findings of fibrosis: intralobular interstitial thickening, irregular interfaces, visible intralobular bronchioles, honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis. * 2. Irregular interlobular septal thickening. 3. Ground glass opacity. 4. Peripheral and subpleural predominance of abnormalities. *† 5. Lower lung zone and …
Design and rationale for the non-interventional Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in hepatocellular carcinoma and Of its treatment with sorafeNib (GIDEON) study

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complicated condition influenced by multiple confounding factors, making optimum patient management extremely challenging. Ethnicity, stage at diagnosis, comorbidities and tumour morphology affect outcomes and vary from region to region, and there is no common language to assess patient prognosis and make treatment recommendations. Despite recent efforts to reduce the incidence of HCC, most patients present with unresectable disease. Non‐surgical treatments include ablation, transarterial chemoembolisation and the multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib, but their effects in all patient subgroups are not known and further information is needed to optimise the use of these treatments.
Bovine NonO 157 Shiga Toxin 2-Containing Escherichia coli Isolates Commonly Possess stx 2-EDL 933 and / or stx 2 vhb Subtypes

stx2 genes from 138 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, of which 127 were of bovine origin (58 serotypes) and 11 of human origin (one serotype; O113:H21), were subtyped. The bovine STEC isolates from Australian cattle carried ehxA and/or eaeA and predominantly possessed stx2-EDL933 (103 of 127; 81.1%) either in combination with stx2vhb (32 of 127; 25.2%) or on its own (52 of 127; 40.4%). Of 22 (90.9%) bovine isolates of serotype O113:H21, a serotype increasingly recovered from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or hemorrhagic colitis, 20 contained both stx2-EDL933 and stx2vhb; 2 isolates contained stx2vhb only. Although 7 of 11 (63.6%) human O113:H21 isolates associated with diarrhea possessed stx2-EDL933, the remaining 4 isolates possessed a combination of stx2-EDL933 and stx2vhb. Three of the four were from separate sporadic cases of HUS, and one was from an unknown source.
Working and learning in a knowledge city: a multilevel development framework for knowledge workers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present results of a four‐year qualitative research project on the dynamics of skill development strategies in e‐learning workplace environments.Design/methodology/approach – A potential knowledge city, Greater Manchester relies on its human (individual and collective) capitals, put to work in knowledge engines such as its universities. Such context has become a complex and uncharted territory for research. Research analysis within knowledge‐based higher education territory clearly demands knowledge‐based tools. Therefore, the research behind this paper has adopted Carrillo's generic system of capitals, an integrative KM3 taxonomy. Such framework has been instrumental in identifying contextual aspects, drivers and rooted strategies of k‐facilitators' adaptation to emergent learning environments.Findings – The grounded model reported here further conceptualised how Mancunian e‐learning practitioners seemingly follow an embedded process of adaptation. Practitioners .
Time-Motion Analysis of International and National Level Futsal

Dogramaci, SN, Watsford, ML, and Murphy, AJ. Time-motion analysis of international and national level futsal. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 646-651, 2011-Futsal is the Fédération de Internationale Football Association's officially recognized five-a-side indoor soccer, which although increasing in popularity worldwide, lacks the Australian or other English language research necessary to enable the growth of the sport. The purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive overview of the demands of futsal by a time-motion analysis on 8 Australian National Team players and 10 State League Team players over 4 futsal matches. The study analyzed 6 locomotor activity categories, focusing on total distance covered, total duration of activities, total frequency of activities, effort distance, and effort duration. The national team covered a 42% greater overall distance than the state league team. In terms of relative data normalized for match duration, only the standing duration value was significantly different between the teams. Furthermore, futsal players of elite and subelite level in Australia perform a change in activity every 8-9 seconds on the court, and the national team athletes attained a higher, yet nonsignificant, average match-play velocity. This may be because of the national futsal athletes participating in an extended game duration, potentially suggesting that higher levels of competition facilitate a higher intensity of match play and greater physiological demands on individual players. Apart from the differences in timing structure and overall metabolic work, there was no real difference between the levels of competition within the Australian futsal analysis, although at higher levels of competition, there may be a need for more recovery because of the elevated intensity of the match. When comparing the data with other countries, however, Australian futsal players produce less distance and duration than Spanish futsal players.
Ancestry-specific association mapping in admixed populations

During the last decade genome–wide association studies have proven to be a powerful approach to identifying disease-causing variants. However, for admixed populations, most current methods for performing association testing are based on the assumption that the effect of a genetic variant is the same regardless of its ancestry. This is a reasonable assumption for a causal variant, but may not hold for the genetic variants that are tested in genome–wide association studies, which are usually not causal. The effects of non-causal genetic variants depend on how strongly their presence correlate with the presence of the causal variant, which may vary between ancestral populations because of different linkage disequilibrium patterns and allele frequencies. Motivated by this, we here introduce a new statistical method for association testing in recently admixed populations, where the effect size is allowed to depend on the ancestry of a given allele. Our method does not rely on accurate inference of local ancestry, yet using simulations we show that in some scenarios it gives a dramatic increase in statistical power to detect associations. In addition, the method allows for testing for difference in effect size between ancestral populations, which can be used to help determine if a SNP is causal. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method on data from the Greenlandic population.
Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: Surgery and literature review

Objective: To highlight the clinical and radiologic features and management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with review of literature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 6 patients who underwent surgical treatment in a tertiary healthcare centre was done using the parameters of patients' details, clinical features, radiological findings, management and postoperative review. Results: Of the six patients, 3 females and 2 males were in the 2nd decade of life and 1 male in the 1st decade of life. The disease was restricted to maxilla in 3 patients, involved the temporal and frontal bones in addition to maxilla in one, involved the frontal bone in one patient and involved frontal and parietal bones in one patient. The primary reason for seeking treatment in all the 6 cases was facial deformity. There was absence of pain in all 6 cases. For surgical treatment in all three cases involving the maxilla, the approach was intraoral while bicoronal approach was used for the other three cases. Treatment consisted of surgical contouring and reshaping the area. All cases were followed up over a period of 2 years with no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Treatment of craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions is highly individualized. Most cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia manifest as swellings that cause facial deformity and surgical recontouring after cessation of growth seems to provide the best results.
Determination of the Phase Distribution in Sintered TRIP‐Matrix / Mg‐PSZ Composites using EBSD

Metal matrix composites (MMC) containing TRIP‐steel/Mg‐PSZ were processed by cold pressing and conventional sintering in different atmospheres. The MMC was based on austenitic steel in the system Fe‐Cr‐Mn‐Ni showing transformation induced plasticity (TRIP). Depending on the sintering temperature, the sintering atmosphere and the steel composition the phase compositions of MgO partially stabilized zirconia (Mg‐PSZ) were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The interactions between the alloying elements of austenitic stainless steel and the ceramic stabilizer (MgO) as well as the technological parameters lead to a significant change in the phase composition of the Mg‐PSZ. The changes can be analysed by EBSD due to the high spatial resolution.
lncRNAdb: a reference database for long noncoding RNAs

Large numbers of long RNAs with little or no protein-coding potential [long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)] are being identified in eukaryotes. In parallel, increasing data describing the expression profiles, molecular features and functions of individual lncRNAs in a variety of systems are accumulating. To enable the systematic compilation and updating of this information, we have developed a database (lncRNAdb) containing a comprehensive list of lncRNAs that have been shown to have, or to be associated with, biological functions in eukaryotes, as well as messenger RNAs that have regulatory roles. Each entry contains referenced information about the RNA, including sequences, structural information, genomic context, expression, subcellular localization, conservation, functional evidence and other relevant information. lncRNAdb can be searched by querying published RNA names and aliases, sequences, species and associated protein-coding genes, as well as terms contained in the annotations, such as the tissues in which the transcripts are expressed and associated diseases. In addition, lncRNAdb is linked to the UCSC Genome Browser for visualization and Noncoding RNA Expression Database (NRED) for expression information from a variety of sources. lncRNAdb provides a platform for the ongoing collation of the literature pertaining to lncRNAs and their association with other genomic elements. lncRNAdb can be accessed at: http://www.lncrnadb. org/.