Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extensive homology between the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein F gene and the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C gene

The region of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) genome which maps colinearly with the HSV-1 glycoprotein C (gC) gene has been cloned, and the DNA sequence of a 2.29-kilobase region has been determined. Contained within this sequence is a major open reading frame of 479 amino acids. The carboxyterminal three-fourths of the derived HSV-2 protein sequence showed a high degree of sequence homology to the HSV-1 gC amino acid sequence reported by Frink et al. (J. Virol. 45:634-647, 1983). The amino-terminal region of the HSV-2 sequence, however, showed very little sequence homology to HSV-1 gC. In addition, the HSV-1 gC sequence contained 27 amino acids in the amino-terminal region which were missing from the HSV-2 protein. Computer-assisted analysis of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the derived HSV-2 sequence demonstrated that the protein contained structures characteristic of membrane-bound glycoproteins, including an amino-terminal signal sequence and carboxy-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain and charged cytoplasmic anchor. The HSV-2 protein sequence also contained seven putative N-linked glycosylation sites. These data, in conjunction with mapping studies of Para et al. (J. Virol. 45:1223-1227, 1983) and Zezulak and Spear (J. Virol. 49:741-747, 1984), suggest that the protein sequence derived from the HSV-2 genome corresponds to gF, the HSV-2 homolog of HSV-1 gC.
Mild Reductions in Mitochondrial NAD-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Activity Result in Altered Nitrate Assimilation and Pigmentation But Do Not Impact Growth

Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were generated expressing a fragment of the mitochondrial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (SlIDH1) in the antisense orientation. The transgenic plants displayed a mild reduction in the activity of the target enzyme in the leaves but essentially no visible alteration in growth from the wild-type. Fruit size and yield were, however, reduced. These plants were characterized by relatively few changes in photosynthetic parameters, but they displayed a minor decrease in maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm). Furthermore, a clear reduction in flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was observed in the transformants. Additionally, biochemical analyses revealed that the transgenic lines exhibited considerably altered metabolism, being characterized by slight decreases in the levels of amino acids, intermediates of the TCA cycle, photosynthetic pigments, starch, and NAD(P)H levels, but increased levels of nitrate and protein. Results from these studies show that even small changes in mitochondrial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity lead to noticeable alterations in nitrate assimilation and suggest the presence of different strategies by which metabolism is reprogrammed to compensate for this deficiency.
Mode of Action of Nitrofurazone

When Escherichia coli strain B/r is exposed to 10 to 20 μg of nitrofurazone per ml, mutants with roughly threefold resistance are obtained. Treatment of these mutants with higher concentrations of nitrofurazone yields strains with six- to seven-fold resistance over strain B/r. Each of these steps toward nitrofurazone resistance is accompanied by loss of soluble nitrofurazone reductase activity. When sensitive bacteria are exposed to labeled nitrofurazone or labeled 2-nitrofuran, a considerable amount of radioactivity becomes bound to the cold trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction. Very little activity becomes bound in the mutants with six- to seven-fold resistance; mutants with intermediate resistance show intermediate levels of binding. Partially purified nitrofurazone reductase preparations catalyze the conversion of nitrofurazone to compounds which bind to protein and are not removed by prolonged dialysis against 8 m urea or by cold acid. Nitrofurazone reduced by xanthine oxidase or electrolytically reduced also yields compounds which react with protein to form stable derivatives.
Successful Induction and Maintenance of Long-Term Remission in a Child with Chronic Relapsing Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Using Rituximab

Childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) of the warm type is usually successfully managed with corticosteroids and/or immunoglobulin infusions. In a small proportion of patients AIHA follows a more severe and protracted pathway resulting in the use of immunosuppressive therapy and frequently culminating with the need for splenectomy. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 (B-cell) monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular, CD20 positive, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Case reports on the use of rituximab for childhood AIHA are scant. The authors describe the first report in which rituximab was effectively employed to induce a long-term remission in a young child with the longest history of chronic relapsing AIHA prior to receiving rituximab. All immunosuppressive therapy was successfully discontinued and splenectomy was avoided.
Cyanide Induces Different Modes of Death in Cortical and Mesencephalon Cells

A comparative study was conducted in rat primary cortical (CX) and mesencephalic (MC) neurons to investigate intracellular cascades activated during cyanide-induced injury and to determine the point at which the cascades diverge to produce either apoptosis or necrosis. Cyanide treatment (400 μM) for 24 h produced primarily apoptosis in CX cells, whereas the same concentration of cyanide induced predominantly necrosis in MC cells as indicated by increased propidium iodide staining and cellular lactate dehydrogenase efflux. Cyanide increased generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both CX and MC cells, but the rate of formation and nature of the oxidative species varied with cell type. Catalase decreased cyanide-induced ROS generation in CX but not in MC cells. Nitric oxide generation was more prominent after cyanide treatment of MC compared with CX cells.N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors were more involved in CX apoptosis than in MC necrosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential decreased moderately in CX cells on exposure to cyanide, whereas MC cells responded with a more pronounced reduction in potential. In CX cells cyanide produced a concentration-dependent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and increased caspase activity, whereas little change was seen in MC neurons. Thus, cyanide-induced necrosis of MC cells involved generation of excessive amounts of nitric oxide and superoxide accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization. In contrast cyanide causes a lower level of oxidative stress in CX cells, involving mainly hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and a moderate change in mitochondrial membrane potential that lead to cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis.
A technique for revealing scale‐dependent patterns in fracture spacing data

Data on fracture spacing along scan lines have been widely analyzed for the purposes of characterization. Most of these studies, however, either consider the cumulative frequency of spacing data without regard to the actual sequence of the spacing values or compute an average spacing that may not work for clustered fractures. The coefficient of variation parameter is often used to differentiate between clustered, random, and anticlustered fractures in a scan line but does not address the issue of scale‐dependent variations in spacing. Lacunarity is a parameter that has been previously used for delineating scale‐dependent clustering in fracture networks with similar fractal dimensions. This technique has the further capability of identifying scales at which different patterns emerge within the same data set. Lacunarity can also delineate possible fractal behavior. This paper tests the ability of lacunarity to find patterns (fractal/uniform/random) within synthetic and natural fracture clusters. A set of four model scan lines (uniformly spaced fractures, periodically spaced fracture clusters, fractal fracture clusters, and random fractures) was considered. The first derivative of the lacunarity curves of these models was used to find the intercluster distance and organization of fractures within the clusters. The same technique was then applied to a set of two natural fracture scan line data, one with fracture clusters with fractal organization within and the other with randomly spaced fractures. It was found that the proposed technique could discriminate between the random and clustered patterns, find the intercluster distance, and identify the type of spatial organization within the clusters.
The Analysis of Variability

The study by Leffier, Saul, iuid Cohen' in this issue of the joumal demonstrates how, by iui analysis of spontaneous variability in RR and PR intervals, it is possible to elucidate noninvasively the dual influences of rate-dependent recovery and autonomic activity in AV nodal conduction time. The statistical techniques used by Leffler et al. are unfamiliar to mo.st clinicians, simply because they are not part of a typical medical curriculum. However, the potential clinical insight that can be gained from heart rate variability suggests that physicians may benefit from an acquaintance with the central concepts involved in the analysis of heart rate variability.
Histamine in nervous tissue

During recent studies on histamine metabolism and its relation to traumatic shock I found that extracts obtained from mixed somatic nerves contained relatively large amounts of histamine. This suggested the possibility of 'histaminergic' fibres in peripheral nerves, since the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves have a high content of acetylcholine and adrenaline respectively. Early observations by Osborne & Vincent [1900] suggest the presence of histamine in nerves but these have not been generally accepted [Halliburton, 1901]. Further observations showed that the histamine content of different nerves varies greatly, that on the whole the highest content is found in nerves responsible for antidromic vasodilation, and that histamine can be detected in venous blood after stimulation of the posterior roots. Owing to difficulties due to the war the observations are as yet incomplete, but they seem of sufficient interest to warrant publication now.
Measurement of radon concentration for assessment of the radiological hazard in the Chakwal coalmines of the Salt Range, Pakistan

Radon and its progeny are prevalent everywhere on the lithosphere especially in the mining environment. Coal exists in the Salt Range that passes through Pakistan. The aim of the present study was to measure radon concentration and assess the associated radiological hazard in the coalmines developed in that portion of the Salt Range which passes through the district of Chakwal in Pakistan. Among the various coalmines in the coalfield, five were selected for radon survey. A passive integrated technique consisting of SSNTDs (solid state nuclear track detectors) was employed for the measurement of radon concentration in these coalmines. Box type dosimeters containing CN-85 detectors were placed for three months at six locations in every selected coalmine. After removing the dosimeters, the CN-85 detectors were etched in alkaline solution to enlarge the alpha tracks in the detectors and counted under an optical microscope. The track densities were converted to radon concentration. The average concentration of radon in the coalmines varied in the range 50–114 Bq m−3. Radon exhalation rates from the samples of coal and shale collected from the coalmines were determined to be respectively 934 (830–1010) and 1302 (1020–1580) mBq m−2 h−1. The radiation dose and corresponding health risk for the mine workers were also estimated.
Illness perceptions in relation to experiences of contemporary cancer care settings among colorectal cancer survivors and their partners

Illness is constituted by subjective experiences of symptoms and their psychosocial consequences. Illness perceptions concern people's lay beliefs about understandings and interpretation of a disease and expectations as to disease outcome. Our knowledge about illness perceptions and coping in relation to the cancer care context among persons with colorectal cancer (CRC) and their partners is incomplete. The aim of the present study was to explore illness perceptions in relation to contemporary cancer care settings among CRC survivors and partners. The present research focused on illness rather than disease, implying that personal experiences are central to the methodology. The grounded theory method used is that presented by Kathy Charmaz. The present results explore illness perceptions in the early recovery phase after being diagnosed and treated for cancer in a contemporary cancer care setting. The core category outlook on the cancer diagnosis when quickly informed, treated, and discharged illustrates the illness perceptions of survivors and partners as well as the environment in which they were found. The cancer care environment is presented in the conceptual category experiencing contemporary cancer care settings. Receiving treatment quickly and without waiting was a positive experience for both partners and survivors; however partners experienced the information as massive and as causing concern. The period after discharge was being marked by uncertainty and loneliness, and partners tended to experience non-continuity in care as more problematic than the survivor did. The results showed different illness perceptions and a mismatch between illness perceptions among survivors and partners, presented in the conceptual category outlook on the cancer diagnosis. One illness perception, here presented among partners, focused on seeing the cancer diagnosis as a permanent life-changing event. The other illness perception, here presented among survivors, concentrated on leaving the cancer diagnosis behind and moving forward. The importance of illness perceptions among survivors, and the differences in illness perceptions between survivors and partners, should be recognized by healthcare professionals to achieve the goals of person-centered contemporary cancer care.
Evolving spiking neural networks for spatio-and spectro-temporal pattern recognition

This paper provides a survey on the evolution of the evolving connectionist systems (ECOS) paradigm, from simple ECOS introduced in 1998 to evolving spiking neural networks (eSNN) and neurogenetic systems. It presents methods for their use for spatio-and spectro temporal pattern recognition. Future directions are highlighted.
A RCT Comparing Specific Intensive Cognitive Training to Aspecific Psychological Intervention in RRMS: The SMICT Study

Background: Specific cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS) resulted to be effective compared to no treatment. So far the possible role of an aspecific psychological intervention on cognition has not been investigated. Objective: The aim of the SMICT RCT was to compare the efficacy of a specific cognitive training with an aspecific psychological intervention in relapsing-remitting MS patients. Methods: From a sample of 150 patients, with the same disability and immunomodulatory therapy, submitted to neuropsychological examination, 45 impaired in at least one test were included and 41 randomized to have either a specific cognitive training for the impaired function (22) or to an aspecific psychological intervention (19) for 4 months, starting after baseline examination. Neuropsychological tests and functional scales were administered at baseline and 1 year later. Results: After 1 year, the mean number of pathological tests was significantly lower in the specific treatment group, compared to the aspecific group. Memory and attention/speeded information processing functions were mostly improved. Depression and quality of life were not different between groups at follow up. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that an intensive and domain specific cognitive approach results to be more effective than aspecific psychological intervention in patients with MS.
Round-Robin Scheduling for Max-Min Fairness in Data Networks

The author studies a simple strategy, proposed independently by E.L. Hahne and R.G. Gallager (1986) and M.G. H. Katevenis (1987), for fairly allocating link capacity in a point-to-point packet network with virtual circuit routing. Each link offers its packet transmission slots to its user sessions by polling them in round-robin order. In addition, window flow control is used to prevent excessive packet queues at the network nodes. As the window size increases, the session throughput rates are shown to approach limits that are perfectly fair in the max-min sense. If each session has periodic input (perhaps with jitter) or has such heavy demand that packets are always waiting to enter the network, then a finite window size suffices to produce perfectly fair throughput rates. The results suggest that the transmission capacity not used by the small window session will be approximately fairly divided among the large window sessions. The focus is on the worst-case performance of round-robin scheduling with windows. >
Distinct Contributions of JNK and p38 to Chromium Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Background Potassium dichromate [Cr(VI)] is a widespread environmental toxicant responsible for increased risk of several human diseases. Cr(VI) exposure leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, p38, and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Objectives We evaluated the contribution of MAPKs to Cr(VI) toxicity. Methods Phosphorylation of MAPKs and their downstream effectors was evaluated by Western immunoblotting; reactive oxygen species were measured by DCFDA (5′,6′-chloromethyl-2′-7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) labeling and flow cytometry, and glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels were determined by monochrome graphic spectroflurometer. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay and colony formation. Embryoid body (EB) differentiation was evaluated by contracting cardiomyocyte formation, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for cardiomyocyte-specific and stem-cell-specific gene expression. Results Acute treatment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with 50 μM Cr(VI) induced the rapid phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK and their respective downstream transcription factors, c-JUN, activating transcription factor-2, and ELK1. MAPK activation and cytotoxicity induction were partially blocked by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. Ablation of the upstream MAP kinase kinase (MAP2K7) in ES cells prevented JNK activation, whereas ablation of MAP2K4 prevented both JNK and p38 activation. Using specific MAPK inhibitors and MAP2K4- and MAP2K7-deficient ES cells, we showed that JNK reduced acute Cr(VI) cytotoxicity, p38 potentiated it, and ERK had no effect. At low submicromolar concentrations, Cr(VI) caused MAP2K4/7-dependent JNK activation and MAP2K4-dependent p38 activation and strongly inhibited contracting cardiomyocyte development in wild-type ES cells, but much less so in Map2k7(−/−) cells. Conclusion Each MAPK distinctly contributes to chromium toxicity. Whereas JNK prevents and p38 promotes acute cytotoxicity, JNK contributes to optimal inhibition of ES cell differentiation by chromium.
Incorporating measurable (‘minimal’) residual disease-directed treatment strategies to optimize outcomes in adults with acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract Curative-intent therapy leads to complete remissions in many adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but relapse remains common. Numerous studies have unequivocally demonstrated that the persistence of measurable (‘minimal’) residual disease (MRD) at the submicroscopic level during morphologic remission identifies patients at high risk of disease recurrence and short survival. This association has provided the impetus to customize anti-leukemia therapy based on MRD data, a strategy that is now routinely pursued in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). While it is currently uncertain whether this approach will improve outcomes in AML other than APL, randomized studies have validated MRD-based risk-stratified treatment algorithms in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we review the available studies examining MRD-directed therapy in AML, appraise their strengths and limitations, and discuss avenues for future investigation.
Graphs having no quantum symmetry

We consider circulant graphs having p vertices, with p prime. To any such graph we associate a certain number k, that we call type of the graph. We prove that for $p >> k$ the graph has no quantum symmetry, in the sense that the quantum automorphism group reduces to the classical automorphism group.
Raman study of the relationship between room-temperature tetragonality and the Curie point of barium titanate

Variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy showed that, in progressively finer BaTiO3 powders, the Curie point increased as the room temperature tetragonality decreased. The influence of crystallite size distribution on the range of tetragonalities present in a powder was clearly evident in both phase transitions, as observed by Raman spectroscopy and room-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns. Titanium K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy could not distinguish between the cubic and tetragonal structures of BaTiO3, at 300°C and room temperature, respectively.
Paternal age and psychiatric disorders: A review

We review the hypotheses concerning the association between the paternal age at childbearing and childhood psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum‐ and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder) and adult disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar‐, obsessive–compulsive‐, and major depressive disorder) based on epidemiological studies. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the paternal age effect. We discuss the four main—not mutually exclusive—hypotheses. These are the de novo mutation hypothesis, the hypothesis concerning epigenetic alterations, the selection into late fatherhood hypothesis, and the environmental resource hypothesis. Advanced paternal age in relation to autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia provided the most robust epidemiological evidence for an association, with some studies reporting a monotonic risk increase over age, and others reporting a marked increase at a given age threshold. Although there is evidence for the de novo mutation hypothesis and the selection into late fatherhood hypothesis, the mechanism(s) underlying the association between advanced paternal age and psychiatric illness in offspring remains to be further clarified. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling Waveform Shapes with Random Eects Segmental Hidden Markov Models

In this paper we describe a general probabilistic framework for modeling waveforms such as heartbeats from ECG data. The model is based on segmental hidden Markov models (as used in speech recognition) with the addition of random effects to the generative model. The random effects component of the model handles shape variability across different waveforms within a general class of waveforms of similar shape. We show that this probabilistic model provides a unified framework for learning these models from sets of waveform data as well as parsing, classification, and prediction of new waveforms. We derive a computationally efficient EM algorithm to fit the model on multiple waveforms, and introduce a scoring method that evaluates a test waveform based on its shape. Results on two real-world data sets demonstrate that the random effects methodology leads to improved accuracy (compared to alternative approaches) on classification and segmentation of real-world waveforms.