Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arity Bounds in First-Order Incremental Evaluation and Definition of Polynomial Time Database Queries

After inserting a tuple into or deleting a tuple from a database, a first-order incremental evaluation system (or a “foies”) for a database query derives the new query answer by using a first-order query on the new database, the old answer, and perhaps some stored auxiliary relations. Moreover, the auxiliary relations must also be maintained similarly using first-order queries. In this paper we measure the space needed by foies in terms of the maximal arity of the auxiliary relations and present results on the existence and nonexistence of such space-restricted foies for a variety of graph queries, including counting and transitive closure. We construct space efficient foies for these queries and show that the arity bounds are tight using Ehrenfeucht? Frai? sse games. In particular, for transitive closure over undirected graphs, the minimum arity bound of its foies is shown to be exactly two; this resolves an open problem raised by Patnaik and Immerman in 1994. For the general case, we show that the arity-based hierarchy is strict for all arities. The strictness proof uses queries with input relations having arities much larger than the auxiliary relations. It is still open whether the hierarchy remains strict for arities two or greater when the input relations of queries have arities bounded by a fixed number, such as two, or by the arities of the auxiliary relations. Finally, we consider a variation of foies where the cost of storing the answer to the query is also “charged. ” We show that the arity hierarchy in this case is also strict. The positions of queries in the two arity-based hierarchies can differ; we give the positions in this hierarchy of the queries considered for the other arity hierarchy.
A Study on the Rationale of Social Media Use by the Students of King Khalid University.

s not it deplorable that in a country that tops in the entire world in using several social media sites does not utilize the same media in acquiring knowledge and skills? In Saudi Arabia, undergraduate students spend a significant amount of time on social media every day, but they are reluctant (or not motivated enough) to use the same media for educational purposes. This study was carried out on the undergraduate English majors of King Khalid University in Muhayil Asir in Saudi Arabia. In the English department, every student carries at least one smart phone with Internet connection, and they are found occupied with their phones on the campus, sometimes even in classrooms, but they are weak both in subject knowledge and skills of English language. The teachers-cum-researchers were baffled with students’ competence because regular users of Internet and social media are supposed to be updated with the subject knowledge as well as confident in using English language. The researchers designed an empirical study to explore students’ rationale of using the social media and their language preference. The study concludes with gloomy findings that students use the media mainly for entertainment and ineffective communication in English language. The worst fact is: they are not motivated enough to use the social media for educational purposes.
Iron(III)-Salophene: An Organometallic Compound with Selective Cytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Properties in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells

Background In this pioneer study to the biological activity of organometallic compound Iron(III)-salophene (Fe-SP) the specific effects of Fe-SP on viability, morphology, proliferation, and cell-cycle progression on platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines were investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings Fe-SP displayed selective cytotoxicity against SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 (ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma) cell lines at concentrations between 100 nM and 1 µM, while the viability of HeLa cells (epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma) or primary lung or skin fibroblasts was not affected. SKOV-3 cells in contrast to fibroblasts after treatment with Fe-SP revealed apparent hallmarks of apoptosis including densely stained nuclear granular bodies within fragmented nuclei, highly condensed chromatin and chromatin fragmentation. Fe-SP treatment led to the activation of markers of the extrinsic (Caspase-8) and intrinsic (Caspase-9) pathway of apoptosis as well as of executioner Caspase-3 while PARP-1 was deactivated. Fe-SP exerted effects as an anti-proliferative agent with an IC50 value of 300 nM and caused delayed progression of cells through S-phase phase of the cell cycle resulting in a complete S-phase arrest. When intra-peritoneally applied to rats Fe-SP did not show any systemic toxicity at concentrations that in preliminary trials were determined to be chemotherapeutic relevant doses in a rat ovarian cancer cell model. Conclusion/Significance The present report suggests that Fe-SP is a potent growth-suppressing agent in vitro for cell lines derived from ovarian cancer and a potential therapeutic drug to treat such tumors in vivo.
Identification of people with disabilities using participatory rural appraisal and key informants: A pragmatic approach with action potential promoting validity and low cost

Background. Surveys have been the conventional methods used for identification of people with disabilities; however, they have been observed to be expensive and time-consuming that may not be affordable or practical. As a result, the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and key informant (KI) approaches have been developed and increasingly used in the resource-poor countries. Objective. To investigate the strengths and weaknesses of PRA and KI approaches in the identification of people with disability in resource-poor countries. Method. A review of published related papers was performed by searching electronic databases including PubMed, Scirus, Health on the Net (HON), Ovid Medline and SOURCE disability database. Results. A total of 11 relevant papers were identified from the literature that used PRA or KI methods or both. The PRA and KI approaches were not only consistently less expensive than conventional surveys, but also observed to be simple and fast for identifying disabilities according to local perceptions, although they were less sensitive. The evidence showed that PRA and KI processes had the benefit of engaging and developing long-term partnerships with the local communities and so the likelihood of positive long-term impact on the community. Conclusions. The PRA and KI approaches could be fast and cost-effective methods for identifying people with disabilities as an alternative to surveys. They are especially useful when identification is related to subsequent development of community-based services for persons with disabilities. However, surveys were shown to be more sensitive and therefore more accurate for establishing prevalence rates of impairment.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat kewirausahaan

Instill the entrepreneurial spirit is not an easy thing to do because there are several factors that must be considered in growing interest in entrepreneurship. Some of the factors in question are a factor that comes from outside and inside the private student among other entrepreneurial traits and skills as well as contextual factors. Each of these factors consists of several indicators that are measured using a Likert scale of 1 to 5. Population and sample in this research is the students of S1 Faculty of Economics and Business, University Mulawarman Samarinda ever take entrepreneurship courses or have completed entrepreneurship training both inside and outside the college campus. Population and sample in this study were 98 students, in order to qualify for the analysis of the data used in this research is using Structural Equation Model PLS. The results showed that the traits and contextual variables entrepreneurial no significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, while variable entrepreneurial skills significantly influence entrepreneurial interests.
How is sound location represented in auditory cortex

The present work tested two competing hypotheses about how the location of sounds in space is encoded by auditory cortex. The labelled-line hypothesis says that each azimuthal location is encoded by maximal firing of a specific small and sharply tuned population of neurons. The two-channel hypothesis says that a sound location is encoded by the relative activity of two populations of neurons with broad tuning and maximal activity at ± 90. To test these hypotheses a new behavioural task was developed in which subjects had to report the location of a target sound relative to a preceding reference. Models of the two-channel hypothesis and a modified version of the labelled-line hypothesis that accounted for better sound localisation precision at the midline, predicted best performance in the task around the midline with performance decreasing in the periphery whereas the labelled-line hypothesis predicted equal performance throughout space. Consistent with both the two-channel and modified labelled-line model, both ferret and human performance was best at the midline, highlighting the need for neural recordings in auditory cortex to distinguish between these models. The peaks of spatial receptive fields of neurons recorded from auditory cortex of ferrets performing the relative localisation task were distributed across the contralateral hemisphere, rather than clustered at 90 as predicted by the two channel model. Decoding of location from populations of neurons using two-channel or labelled-line maximum-likelihood decoders indicated that both decoders performed as well as ferrets localising sounds in the same testing chamber but that the labelled-line decoder out-performed the two-channel decoder. Finally, the necessity for an intact auditory cortex for sound localisation was confirmed after developing cortical cooling in the ferret as a method to reversibly silence areas of cortex during behaviour.
Detection fidelity of AR mutations in plasma derived cell-free DNA

Somatic genetic alterations including copy number and point mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) are associated with resistance to therapies targeting the androgen/AR axis in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Due to limitations associated with biopsying metastatic lesions, plasma derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is increasingly being used as substrate for genetic testing. AR mutations detected by deep next generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA from patients with mCRPC have been reported at allelic fractions ranging from over 25% to below 1%. The lower bound threshold for accurate mutation detection by deep sequencing of cfDNA has not been comprehensively determined and may have locus specific variability. Herein, we used NGS for AR mutation discovery in plasma-derived cfDNA from patients with mCRPC and then used droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for validation. Our findings show the AR (tTC>cTC) F877L hotspot was prone to false positive mutations during NGS. The rate of error at AR (tTC>cTC) F877L during amplification prior to ddPCR was variable among high fidelity polymerases. These results highlight the importance of validating low-abundant mutations detected by NGS and optimizing and controlling for amplification conditions prior to ddPCR.
Grandfathers Matter(Ed): Occupational Mobility Across Three Generations in the US and Britain, 1850–191

Nearly all intergenerational mobility studies focus on fathers and sons. The possibility that the process is more than simply two‐generational (AR(1)) has been difficult to assess because of the lack of the necessary multi‐generational data. We remedy this shortcoming with new data that links grandfathers, fathers and sons in Britain and the US between 1850 and 1910. We find that grandfathers mattered: even controlling for father's occupation, grandfather's occupation significantly influenced the occupation of the grandson. For both Britain and the US in this time period, therefore, assessments based on two‐generation estimates significantly overstate the true amount of social mobility.
It wasn’t me! Motor activation from irrelevant spatial information in the absence of a response

Embodied cognition postulates that perceptual and motor processes serve higher-order cognitive faculties like language. A major challenge for embodied cognition concerns the grounding of abstract concepts. Here we zoom in on abstract spatial concepts and ask the question to what extent the sensorimotor system is involved in processing these. Most of the empirical support in favor of an embodied perspective on (abstract) spatial information has derived from so-called compatibility effects in which a task-irrelevant feature either facilitates (for compatible trials) or hinders (in incompatible trials) responding to the task-relevant feature. This type of effect has been interpreted in terms of (task-irrelevant) feature-induced response activation. The problem with such approach is that incompatible features generate an array of task-relevant and –irrelevant activations [e.g., in primary motor cortex (M1)], and lateral hemispheric interactions render it difficult to assign credit to the task-irrelevant feature per se in driving these activations. Here, we aim to obtain a cleaner indication of response activation on the basis of abstract spatial information. We employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe response activation of effectors in response to semantic, task-irrelevant stimuli (i.e., the words left and right) that did not require an overt response. Results revealed larger motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for the right (left) index finger when the word right (left) was presented. Our findings provide support for the grounding of abstract spatial concepts in the sensorimotor system.
The Effect of Self-Regulation Writing Strategies and Gender on Writing Self-Efficacy and Persuasive Writing Achievement for Secondary Students.

This study investigated the impact of a self-regulation writing intervention program on the writing self-efficacy and persuasive writing achievement of ninth and tenth grade students. In addition, this study explored whether gender differences in writing may be addressed by the type of writing program that is implemented. Limited empirical studies have examined the impact of gender and self-regulation on persuasive writing achievement with heterogeneously grouped secondary school students. Understanding the influence of self-regulation writing strategies on writing self-efficacy and persuasive writing achievement, particularly in the context of gender, may assist schools and teachers in better preparing for the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium’s (SBAC) new generation of assessments. This research took place in a small, suburban high school in the Northeast. The researcher utilized a sample of convenience of 400 students in the ninth and tenth grades. The study was quasi-experimental in nature, with a pretest-posttest comparison group design using intact classrooms of students. Classrooms of students were randomly assigned to a
NUFFT-Based Iterative Image Reconstruction via Alternating Direction Total Variation Minimization for Sparse-View CT

Sparse-view imaging is a promising scanning method which can reduce the radiation dose in X-ray computed tomography (CT). Reconstruction algorithm for sparse-view imaging system is of significant importance. The adoption of the spatial iterative algorithm for CT image reconstruction has a low operation efficiency and high computation requirement. A novel Fourier-based iterative reconstruction technique that utilizes nonuniform fast Fourier transform is presented in this study along with the advanced total variation (TV) regularization for sparse-view CT. Combined with the alternating direction method, the proposed approach shows excellent efficiency and rapid convergence property. Numerical simulations and real data experiments are performed on a parallel beam CT. Experimental results validate that the proposed method has higher computational efficiency and better reconstruction quality than the conventional algorithms, such as simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique using TV method and the alternating direction total variation minimization approach, with the same time duration. The proposed method appears to have extensive applications in X-ray CT imaging.
Breast cancer metastases in liver: laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy--local tumor control rate and survival data.

PURPOSE To evaluate the local tumor control rate and survival data for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided laser ablation of breast cancer liver metastases by using laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT). MATERIALS AND METHODS MR-guided LITT was performed in 232 female patients with 578 liver metastases from breast cancer. Survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Indications for the procedure were defined for patients with no more than five metastases, none of which were larger than 5 cm in diameter, as follows: recurrent liver metastases after partial liver resection (8.2%), metastases in both liver lobes (45.2%), locally nonresectable tumors (19%), general contraindications for surgery (2.6%), or refusal to undergo surgical resection (25%). RESULTS Local recurrence rate at 6-month follow-up after LITT was 2.3% (five of 213) for metastases up to 2 cm in diameter, 4.3% (seven of 162) for metastases 2-3 cm in diameter, 3.2% (two of 63) for metastases 3-4 cm in diameter, and 1.9% (one of 52) for metastases larger than 4 cm in diameter. No additional local tumor progression was observed beyond 6 months. The mean survival rate for all treated patients, with calculation started on the date of diagnosis of the metastases treated with LITT, was 4.9 years (95% confidence interval: 4.3, 5.4). The median survival was 4.3 years; 1-year survival, 96%; 2-year survival, 80%; 3-year survival, 63%; and 5-year survival, 41%. The mean survival after the first LITT treatment was 4.2 years (95% confidence interval: 3.6, 4.8). CONCLUSION MR-guided LITT yields high local tumor control and survival rates in patients with liver metastases from breast cancer.
Evidence-Based Software Portfolio Management

Based on the large amounts spent by software companies to develop new and existing software systems, we argue that an evidence-based approach that focuses on a software portfolio as a whole should be in place to support decision-making. We developed EBSPM as an evidence-based, practical model to support software companies to actively steer at optimization of their software delivery portfolio. We evaluated the model in case studies and surveys in industry, to demonstrate its strengths and limitations in practice. This lead to the following results: • We analyzed - from a portfolio point of view - the characteristics of best performers and worst performers, in a dataset of 352 software projects, resulting in 7 success factors and 9 failure factors. • We found that a release process that performs above average on cost and duration, satisfies stakeholders through fast response and direct value, even when the reliability and availability of the actual system are weak. • A statistical, evidence-based pricing approach for software engineering, as a single instrument, can be used in the subject companies to create cost transparency and performance management. • We found significant differences between the EBSPM-repository and an ISBSG-subset. Practitioners and researchers alike should be cautious when drawing conclusions from a single repository. • We found that a focus on shortening overall project duration and improving communication and team collaboration on intermediate progress is likely to have a positive impact on stakeholder satisfaction and perceived value. Based on the findings, we conclude that it is wise for software companies to collect and analyze their own historic software portfolio data because cross-company large differences in performance are found. We obtained a better understanding of the differences and equalities between effort and cost of software deliveries. Additionally, we studied the effects of pricing of software deliveries, giving us a better insight into ways to support decision-making. Based on the results of ongoing research, we expect that automation of the measurement and analysis process, based on statistics to calculate strong relationships, is a direction in which the analysis of software portfolio (software analytics) is the to develop strongly in the coming years.
How Change Agents’ Motivation Facilitates Organizational Change: Pathways Through Meaning and Organizational Identification

ABSTRACT This longitudinal field study adds to research on organizational change implementation by examining two facets of change agents’ motivation as predictors of organizational change. To explain effects, this article examines change agents’ experience of meaningful project work and their organizational identification as underlying mechanisms. Change agents were 51 university teachers who implemented change initiatives in teaching climate. They completed questionnaires before and after project implementation, with a time lag of one year. As predicted, results from hierarchical regression and bootstrapping analyses showed an indirect effect of intrinsic motivation on change agents’ project-related perceived task performance through the experience of meaning. Moreover, there was an indirect effect of motivation to benefit others on change in teaching climate through organizational identification. Results highlight the role of different facets of change agents’ motivation in successfully implementing change and provide insights for the design of change programmes in organizations.
Police practitioners and place managers’ understandings and perceptions of heritage crime in Nottinghamshire

‘So you know, as daft as it sounds, if you’ve got a building, that really isn’t a priority, is it? ’ Despite the wealth of heritage sites in the UK, the topic is a marginalised area of criminological study here. It has been argued that there is discordance between the concepts of ‘heritage’ and ‘crime’. One is holistic; the other set in the law. Through a programme of semi-structured interviews with ‘heritage place managers’ and questionnaires delivered to neighbourhood policing teams in Nottinghamshire Police, this research aimed to examine this clash. In particular, it aimed to compare and contrast heritage place managers’ understandings and experiences of heritage crime with those of police practitioners. It was found that the two groups differed markedly in this respect, creating feelings of frustration and stagnation for both. Such findings are of particular concern in the light of statistics which demonstrate that heritage crime is occurring frequently across the UK, and evidence that offenders are targeting new heritage assets and sites in response to changing legislation. Budget cuts, which continue to impact upon policing priorities in Nottinghamshire, further compound the problem. The conclusion of this article details the potential impacts of these findings and suggests changes relating to both the heritage and policing sectors.