Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Study and Comparison on 5G NOMA Schemes

Compared to the traditional orthogonal multiple access, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology can achieve higher spectrum efficiency and support more massive connectivity. In this paper, we conduct comprehensive study and comparison on current NOMA technologies that many mainstream companies have proposed for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication standard. According to the characteristics of the NOMA schemes, we classify these schemes into four categories: scrambling-based NOMA, spreading-based NOMA, coding-based NOMA, and interleaving-based NOMA. We systematically summarize the transceiver block diagram of each category, and detail basic principles, key features, and transmission-reception algorithms of all NOMA schemes. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis based on average mutual information is given to evaluate the achievable sum-rate performance of the NOMA systems and their potential performance gains as compared with OMA. Comprehensive simulations are carried out for the block-error-rate performance evaluation of these NOMA schemes as well, which coincide with the theoretical analysis. By comparing the performance of these technologies, some promising schemes and directions are suggested for the future 5G NOMA development.
Room acoustical parameter values at the listener ’ s ears – can preferred concert hall acoustics be predicted and explained ?

Room acoustical parameters for concert halls are basically designed to describe significant listening aspects of a room. Correlation between subjective ranking of concert halls and their measured parameter values, averaged over the seating area, have been found. However, results from simulations and measurements indicate that due to spatial variations, very few listeners will actually be in a position where the set of five parameter-averages can be experienced. Therefore, this author have pursued the possibility of explaining subjective ranking of concert halls by objective conditions at listeners‘ ears, as reported in this paper. It is concluded that Beranek‘s rank-ordering of nine halls can be explained by objective acoustical conditions at the ears of listeners seated in the better 2/3 to 3/4 of each hall. Explanation degree up to R = 0.94 is found with a set of five parameters. Predictability was improved when excluding one of the parameters. Some of the other conclusions are: The ranges of parameter values associated with good listening quality turn out to be strikingly large in terms of noticeable differences. Since it is crucial to be able to predict subjective quality during concert hall planning, the search for significant parameters and optimal combinations of these should continue in further work. More halls should be included in an extended study. Linear regression should be handeled with care. INTRODUCTION During the 20 century, the number of room acoustical parameters used to describe the acoustic qualities of concert halls, as perceived by listeners, exploded. One of the problems with the large amount of parameters is that they are more or less inter-correlated, i.e. they do not form an orthogonal or linear independent set of variables. By the end of the century, one arrived at some international consensus regarding the limited selection of 5 listener aspects and their corresponding ohysical quantities, as expressed by the standard ISO 3382. In the search for the more significant parameters and their preferres values, there is being used two major, but quite different, methods. One is the method of controlled listening tests, asking respondents for subjective preference to variations in physical quantities. Another metod is to study the values of the parameters in halls of varying reputation in terms of acoustics, in particular the most highly rated halls. Following the latter approach, Beranek (2003) presented a rank-ordering of 58 concert halls according to their acoustical quality, based on interviews of conductors, music critics and well-travelled music aficionados [1]. He pointed at a set of six significant parameters as being possible orthogonal elements to be combined in a single rating number for the halls. In a different study, reported in this paper, this author has compared objective listening quality based on a set of 5 parameters measured in 116 source-receiver combinations in 10 different halls measured by Gade[2], with subjective ranking of the halls based on Beranek‘s rank-ordering.
Comparative monitoring of temporal and spatial changes in tree water status using the non-invasive leaf patch clamp pressure probe and the pressure bomb

Real-time monitoring of plant water status under field conditions remains difficult to quantify. Here we give evidence that the magnetic-based leaf patch clamp pressure (LPCP) probe is a non-invasive and online-measuring method that can elucidate shortand long-term temporal and spatial dynamics of leaf water status of trees with high precision in real time. Measurements were controlled remotely by telemetry and data transfer to the Internet. Concomitant measurements using the pressure chamber technique (frequently applied for leaf water status monitoring) showed that both techniques yield in principle the same results despite of the high sampling variability of the pressure chamber data. There was a very good correlation between the output pressure signals of the LPCP probe and the balancing pressure values (on average r2 = 0.90 ± 0.05; n = 8), i.e. the external pressure at which water appears at the cut end of a leaf under pressure chamber conditions. Simultaneously performed direct measurements of leaf cell turgor pressure using the well-established cell turgor pressure probe technique evidenced that both techniques measure relative changes in leaf turgor pressure. The output pressure signals of the LPCP probe and the balancing pressure values were inversely correlated to turgor pressure. Consistent with this, the balancing pressure values and the cell turgor pressure values could be fitted quite well by the same firm theoretical backing derived recently for the LPCP probe (Zimmermann et al., 2008). This finding suggests that use of the LPCP probe technique in agricultural water management can be built up on the knowledge accumulated on spot leaf or stem water potential measurements. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Time and temperature effects on Poisson's ratio of poly(butylene terephthalate)

The viscoelastic nature of the Poisson's ratio of a semicrystalline poly (butylene terephthalate) is highlighted by investigating its dependence on time, temperature and strain rate, under two types of loading conditions: i) constant defor- mation rate tests, in which the transverse strain is measured in tensile ramps at various temperatures and at two strain rates; and ii) constant deformation tests, in which, under a constant axial deformation, the transverse strain is measured as a func- tion of time in isothermal experiments performed at various temperatures. In both testing configurations, axial and trans- verse deformations are measured by means of a biaxial contact extensometer, and a correction procedure is adopted in order to compensate the lateral penetration of the extensometer knives. Poisson's ratio displays the typical features of a retarda- tion function, increasing with time and temperature, and decreasing with strain rate. This behaviour has been compared to that of simultaneously measured relaxation modulus.
Restless Legs Syndrome in Dialysis Patients: Does the Dialysis Modality Influence Its Occurrence and Severity?

Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is more prevalent in chronic kidney patients than in the general population, but it is often diagnosed late and its predictors are unknown. Purpose To diagnose RLS in a group of chronic kidney patients on dialysis, determine its frequency and severity, compare the prevalence and severity of the condition among dialytic modalities, and identify possible predictive factors in this population. Methods An observational and cross-sectional study with 326 patients who had been on dialysis for more than 3 months, 241 on hemodialysis (HD) and 85 on automatic peritoneal dialysis (APD), using the criteria established by the International Study Group on RLS for the diagnosis and the RLS Rating Scale to determine its severity. Results RLS was diagnosed in 19.3% of the patients, 52.4% with severe or very severe forms. Patients with and without RLS did not differ in clinical and demographic characteristics and dialytic modality; however, patients on APD presented higher RLS severity compared to the HD group. Conclusions RLS is frequent in dialysis patients and occurs predominantly in its most severe forms; the dialytic modality seems to have no influence on its occurrence; however, it is more severe in patients on APD.
Probabilistic fatigue life prediction and reliability assessment of a high pressure turbine disc considering load variations

In the present work, a probabilistic framework for fatigue life prediction and reliability assessment of an engine high pressure turbine disc is proposed to incorporate the effects of load variations and mean stress, which provides a reference for engine structural design under a given target failure probability. Within this framework, a new probabilistic fatigue damage accumulation model under random loadings is elaborated based on a ductility exhaustion model, and probabilistic S - N curves for the high pressure turbine disc under different flight missions are derived based on experimental data of turbine disc alloy GH4169. The influence of random load variations on fatigue reliability of the high pressure turbine disc has been investigated and quantified by combining the engine load spectrum with finite element analysis.
Bedside Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Using Portable X-Ray in Acute Severe Cholangitis

Patients with acute cholangitis require emergent biliary decompression. Those who are hemodynamically unstable on vasopressor support and mechanical ventilation are too critically ill to move outside of the intensive care unit. This prohibits performing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the endoscopy unit. Fluoroscopic guidance is required to confirm deep biliary cannulation during ERCP. There are a few reported cases of bedside ERCP using portable C-arm fluoroscopy unit or ultrasound guided cannulation. We present a unique case of life-saving emergent bedside ERCP in a severely ill patient with cholangitis and septic shock, using simple portable X-ray to confirm biliary cannulation.
BIASES AND UNCERTAINTIES IN PHYSICAL PARAMETER ESTIMATES OF LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES FROM BROADBAND PHOTOMETRY

We investigate the biases and uncertainties in estimates of physical parameters of high-redshift Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), such as stellar mass, mean stellar population age, and star formation rate (SFR), obtained from broadband photometry. These biases arise from the simplifying assumptions often used in fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs). By combining ΛCDM hierarchical structure formation theory, semianalytic treatments of baryonic physics, and stellar population synthesis models, we construct model galaxy catalogs from which we select LBGs at redshifts z ∼ 3.4, 4.0, and 5.0. The broadband photometric SEDs of these model LBGs are then analyzed by fitting galaxy template SEDs derived from stellar population synthesis models with smoothly declining SFRs. We compare the statistical properties of LBGs' physical parameters—such as stellar mass, SFR, and stellar population age—as derived from the best-fit galaxy templates with the intrinsic values from the semianalytic model. We find some trends in these distributions: first, when the redshift is known, SED-fitting methods reproduce the input distributions of LBGs' stellar masses relatively well, with a minor tendency to underestimate the masses overall, but with substantial scatter. Second, there are large systematic biases in the distributions of best-fit SFRs and mean ages, in the sense that single-component SED-fitting methods underestimate SFRs and overestimate ages. We attribute these trends to the different star formation histories predicted by the semianalytic models and assumed in the galaxy templates used in SED-fitting procedure, and to the fact that light from the current generation of star formation can hide older generations of stars. These biases, which arise from the SED-fitting procedure, can significantly affect inferences about galaxy evolution from broadband photometry.
Effect of an Internet-based, personalized nutrition randomized trial on dietary changes associated with the Mediterranean diet: the Food4Me Study.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the efficacy of personalized nutrition (PN) interventions for improving consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effect of a PN intervention on dietary changes associated with the MedDiet. DESIGN Participants (n = 1607) were recruited into a 6-mo, Internet-based, PN randomized controlled trial (Food4Me) designed to evaluate the effect of PN on dietary change. Participants were randomly assigned to receive conventional dietary advice [control; level 0 (L0)] or PN advice on the basis of current diet [level 1 (L1)], diet and phenotype [level 2 (L2)], or diet, phenotype, and genotype [level 3 (L3)]. Dietary intakes from food-frequency questionnaires at baseline and at 6 mo were converted to a MedDiet score. Linear regression compared participant characteristics between high (>5) and low (≤5) MedDiet scores. Differences in MedDiet scores between treatment arms at month 6 were evaluated by using contrast analyses. RESULTS At baseline, high MedDiet scorers had a 0.5 lower body mass index (in kg/m(2); P = 0.007) and a 0.03 higher physical activity level (P = 0.003) than did low scorers. MedDiet scores at month 6 were greater in individuals randomly assigned to receive PN (L1, L2, and L3) than in controls (PN compared with controls: 5.20 ± 0.05 and 5.48 ± 0.07, respectively; P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in MedDiet scores at month 6 between PN advice on the basis of L1 compared with L2 and L3. However, differences in MedDiet scores at month 6 were greater in L3 than in L2 (L3 compared with L2: 5.63 ± 0.10 and 5.38 ± 0.10, respectively; P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Higher MedDiet scores at baseline were associated with healthier lifestyles and lower adiposity. After the intervention, MedDiet scores were greater in individuals randomly assigned to receive PN than in controls, with the addition of DNA-based dietary advice resulting in the largest differences in MedDiet scores. Although differences were significant, their clinical relevance is modest. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
Corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete blended with metakaolin and slag in chloride environment

In this article, the effect of metakaolin (MK) and slag as supplementary cementitious materials in the concrete was investigated. For this purpose, the measurements of compressive strength, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), open circuit potential (OCP), macrocell corrosion current (MCC), and total integrated corrosion current (TICC) were carried out for the concrete prepared with two different binders, two types of steel, three water/binder ratios, and three sodium chloride (NaCl) exposures. From the outcome of this investigation, it can be concluded that the concrete prepared with MK has better corrosion resistance as compared to the concrete prepared with slag.
Plasmodesmata at the crossroads between development, dormancy, and defense

Plants are frequently exposed to environmental stress and organisms that seek to benefit from their autotrophic nature. To cope with these challenges plants have developed stress-resistance mechanisms, which involve sensing, activation of signal transduction cascades, changes in gene expression, and physiological adjustment. Exposure to one kind of stress often leads to cross-tolerance, that is, resistance to different kinds of stresses. The search for a common underlying mechanism concentrates mostly on changes in cellular physiology and gene expression. We focus on the cross-protective measures that are taken at the level above the single cell. We argue that the controlled alterations in symplasmic permeability that underlie development also play a role in survival and defense strategies. In development, most of the alterations are transient and dynamic, whereas the more persistent alterations function predominantly in dormancy and defense and are under the control of two key enzymes: 1,3-β-D-glucan syn.
In low transpiring conditions, nitrate and water fluxes for growth of B. napus plantlets correlate with changes in BnNrt2.1 and BnNrt1.1 nitrate transporter expression

We analyzed how changes in BnNrt nitrate transporter gene expression induced by nitrate are associated with morphological changes in plantlets and osmotic water flow for growth. We hypothesized that in a Petri dish system, reduction in transpiration should induce conditions where nitrate and water fluxes for growth depend directly on nitrate transporter activity and nitrate signaling. Rape seedlings growing on agar plates were supplied with increasing external K15NO3 concentrations from 0.05 to 20 mM. After 5 d of treatment, morphological switches in plantlet growth were observed between 0.5 and 5 mM nitrate supply. Root elongation was reduced by 50% while the cotyledon surface area was doubled. These morphological switches were strongly associated with increases in 15NO3- and water uptake rates as well as 15N and water allocation to the shoot. These switches were also highly correlated with the upregulation of BnNrt1.1 and BnNrt2.1 in the root. However, while root expression of BnNrt2.1 was correlated linearly with a shoot growth-associated increase in 15N and water uptake, BnNrt1.1 expression was correlated exponentially with both 15N and water accumulation. In low transpiring conditions, the tight control exercised by nitrate transporters on K15NO3 uptake and allocation clearly demonstrates that they modulated the nitrate-signaling cascade involved in cell growth and as a consequence, water uptake and allocation to the growing organs. Deciphering this signaling cascade in relation to acid growth theory seems to be the most important challenge for our understanding of the nitrate-signaling role in plant growth.
INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT HEPATIC HEMODYNAMICS AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES ON LOW CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEPATIC RESECTION VERSUS LIVER

Low central venous pressure, which indirectly reflects free hepatic venous pressure, is maintained during hepatic resection surgery to reduce intraoperative blood loss by facilitating hepatic venous outflow. However, whether the low central venous pressure protocol established for non-transplant hepatobiliary surgery should be generalized to liver transplantation is controversial because patients with cirrhosis have decreased portal and hepatic venous blood flow and vulnerability to renal failure. However, consistent with observations from hepatic resection surgeries, lowering central venous pressure during the preanhepatic phase significantly reduces blood loss and transfusion volume. Conversely, inherent study limitations and different study designs have yielded different results in terms of renal dysfunction. Although hepatic venous outflow promoted by lowering blood volume seems to facilitate a liver graft to accommodate portal blood flow increased by portal hypertension-induced splanchnic vasodilatation, the association between low central venous pressure and reduced incidence of portal hyperperfusion injury has not been demonstrated. Stroke volume variation predicts fluid responsiveness better than central venous pressure, but it has not been associated with a greater clinical benefit than central venous pressure to date. Therefore, the safety of maintaining low central venous pressure during liver transplantation has not been verified, and further randomized controlled studies are warranted to establish a fluid management protocol for each phase of liver transplantation to reduce intraoperative blood loss and transfusion rate, thereby maintaining liver graft viability. In conclusion, low central venous pressure reduces intraoperative blood loss but does not guarantee renoprotection or graft protection.
Occurrence of Black Chromogenic Stains and its Association with Oral Hygiene of Patients

Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the oral hygiene of patients with black. Stains caused by chromogenic bacteria and its recurrence rate after scaling and polishing. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients of age 15-40 years were included in the study and divided in to two groups. Test group consist of 40 patients with black extrinsic stains and control group consists of 40 patients without any stains. Clinical parameters like Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque index. Lobenes stain index and history of scaling are recorded in the groups. Results: The results were analyzed using Chi- square test which indicated that there is a significant difference in the oral hygiene and plaque scores among patients with and without stains. The patients with stains showed a high recurrence rate within few months after thorough scaling and polishing. Conclusion: The findings of this study conclude that the black chromogenic stains are more prevalent in patients with good oral hygiene and good plaque control. A high rate of recurrence after scaling and polishing were also observed among the subjects.
An overview of the numerical simulation wear models in mechanical systems

The friction and wear phenomena effects on the mechanical system is increasingly protruding. Peoples pay more and more attention to the performance changes of mechanical system caused by reasonable wear model use. In this paper, combining with the development of the wear model, introduces the numerical simulation of wear model by using the integration size as a principal character. The forms, characteristics and applicability of these models are discussed. The numerical simulation model shows that the wear coefficient as a specific parameters in the system, which can be determined by experiment. The main factors affecting wear accuracy is the dynamic changing of the contact pressure which changes because of the geometry update, should be obtained by the numerical method. Using the numerical simulation method in the treatment of time-consuming problem, by selecting the different integration size, obtaining to the simulation results. Numerical simulation model of high accuracy, but more expensive, need to find a special measure to solve the problem of computing time, mathematical models can provide solutions for this.