Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the distinction between deficits of access and deficits of storage : a question of theory

Abstract In this paper we discuss some aspects of the role of theory in cognitive neuropsychological research. We will consider, in particular, the nature of performance criteria used in classifying patients with acquired cognitive disorders, and we will argue that all such criteria are necessarily theory-laden. This issue will be discussed in the specific context of the putative distinction between patients with access vs. storage deficits (Warrington & Shallice, 1979). We will conclude that although the theoretical distinction between access and storage is potentially an exciting and useful one, the phononema that have been reported are far from compelling. Furthermore, and more importantly, we will argue that the proposal is not supra-theoretical in scope as has been claimed, but rather that its evaluation and verification rely crucially in the theoretical framework within which it is presented.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in child protection: A sample from the Victorian Children’s Court

Summary This article reports on a comparison of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) and non-ATSI children involved in the child protection system sampled from the Victorian Children’s Court. Groups were compared in terms of demographic profile, the types and grounds for protection applications and the types of abuse proven in court. Findings Our results highlight similarities between ATSI and non-ATSI children in the child protection system, a finding that indicates similar children, regardless of background, are being found to be at increased risk of abuse. The over-representation of ATSI children in the sample indicates a continued social and economic disadvantage associated with this group, requiring ongoing public health preventive measures. Our study also highlighted the longer term involvement of ATSI children with child protection services before reaching court. This may be explained by differences in case management policies affecting ATSI children in the child protection system as well as the ongoing legacy of the Stolen Generation. Applications In addition to addressing underlying inequalities, advancing the ATSI people towards self-determination in child protection may reduce the over-representation and longer term involvement with the child protection system. Importantly, alternative approaches must be considered as the potential trauma associated with longer term child protection involvement is greater in children of ATSI background.
Bayesian Methods for Neural Networks and Related Models

Models such as feed-forward neural networks and certain other structures investigated in the computer science literature are not amenable to closed-form Bayesian analysis. The paper reviews the various approaches taken to overcome this difficulty, involving the use of Gaussian approximations, Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation routines and a class of non-Gaussian but "deterministic" approximations called variational approximations.
A Psychophysical Method for Assessing Visual and Acoustic Hyperesthesia in Patients with Mild Head Injury

Although it is well known that patients with mild head injury (MHI) are less able to endure intense light and sound stimuli than normal people, there are few psychophysical studies that have objectively measured this type of hyperaesthesia. In the present study, using a computerised rating scale technique, both the maximal and submaximal levels of reduced tolerance to light and sound were assessed for a wide range of stimuli. Three to six days after the trauma, 40 MHI patients were significantly less tolerant to stimuli of intensities over 71 dB and 500 lux levels than controls. These intensities are common, and MHI patients may suffer as a consequence.
Crafting sensorial stimulation and social exchange in dementia care

In this paper we present a research project, the Multi-Sensory Room (MSR), which developed and experimented with technological solutions for dementia care. The general aim of the Multi-Sensory Room project was to study how robotic and ambient technologies can be designed and used to create a therapeutic environment for people affected by dementia that stimulates their cognitive, social and physical abilities, and promotes the emergence of intrinsic motivation, engagement and self-expression, without renouncing an accurate control of stimulation and fine tuning. The paper describes the design process and some preliminary results of field trials of the MSR. Furthermore in the conclusions we illustrate some lesson learnt for the design of technology enhanced therapeutic environments and provide recommendations for the designers who provide technological solutions for a sensitive settings like the one described in the paper.
Intentionally induced swirling flow may improve the hemodynamic performance of coronary bifurcation stenting

Objectives and Background: Bifurcation stenting represents a challenge for the high rate of restenosis that has close correlations with local hemodynamics. This study sought to test the hypothesis that by intentionally inducing swirling flow the hemodynamic performance of bifurcation stenting can be improved. Methods: The hemodynamics of bifurcation stenting with and without swirling flows were numerically simulated and compared. Results: The results revealed that swirling flow significantly suppressed flow disturbance of blood at the bifurcation and WSS at two critical regions, the outer wall of the bifurcation ostium and the floor wall opposite the branching, was enhanced. Conclusions: This study therefore suggests that intentionally inducing swirling flow might be a good strategy in bifurcation stenting. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inflammatory mechanisms in experimental neonatal brain injury and in a clinical study of preterm birth ; Involvement of galectin-3 and free radical formation

5 LIST OF ORIGINAL PAPERS 6 TABLE OF CONTENT 7 ABBREVIATION 10 INTRODUCTION 11 Clinical background 11 Preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes and preterm labour in association with preterm delivery 11 Inflammation/infection in the chorioamnion 12 Chorioamnionitis-related severe neonatal morbidity 13 Neonatal Sepsis 14 Chronic Lung Disease 14 Necrotizing enterocolitis 14 Perinatal brain injury 14 Periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular haemorrhage 14 Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury 15 Mechanisms of perinatal brain injury 15 Primary injury 16 Secondary injury and secondary energy failure 16 Apoptosis 17 Inflammation 18 The inflammatory process 18 Inflammatory cells 18 Neutrophils 18 Microglia/monocytes/macrophages 19 NADPH oxidase 19 NADPH oxidase in neuronal injury models 20 Pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase 20 Gp91ds-tat 20 Apocynin 20 Free radicals 21 Reactive oxygen species 21 Nitrotyrosine 22 Antioxidative capacity 22 Inflammatory mediators 22 Interleukin-1β 23 Interleukin-6 23 Interleukin-8 23 Interleukin-18 23 Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 24 Galectin-3 24 Inflammatory role 24 Intracellular role 26 Galectin-3 in the brain and in injury models 26 Neurotrophic factors 26 Insulin-like growth factor-1 26
The Bonds of Love: Looking Backward

In giving this brief account of the development of and influences on the book I hope to make it possible to see its location in a particular moment of not only psychoanalytic history but also the social and intellectual history of my generation. I delineate the influence of specific individuals, but more important, the way in which I was located in a number of transformational movements and disciplinary currents: the German student movement and the critical social theory it embraced, feminism and its particular way of revising psychoanalysis, infancy research and the transformations it brought to psychoanalysis, relational analysis and the changes in clinical practice. I also try to give some sense of the direction in which the book pointed me, where I see the main continuities with current thinking. Inasmuch as The Bonds of Love (1988) was an effort to bring together all these currents to think about a specific set of problems, it seemed right to me to mainly fill in the story of those tributaries and leave others to carry forward their own thinking about those problems in light of the present.
The Impact of Climate Change Induced Extreme Events on Agriculture and Food Security: A Review on Nigeria

The study of the climate change and the effects of climate change induced extreme events on food security are fundamental for the sustainable development of agriculture globally. Climatic factors are the primary important factors affecting agricultural production. Furthermore, the world is now experiencing more frequent and intense droughts and floods in many agricultural regions which damage and at times destroy crops. The effects of climatic change on agriculture have triggered significant trend of research during the last decade globally in order to unfold the solutions to climate change induced extreme events on agriculture. Several studies have been conducted on effects of extreme events such as droughts and flooding induced by climate change on agriculture and food security. These effects include changes in crop and livestock yields as well as the economic consequences of these potential yield changes globally. Therefore, this study reviews the effects of extreme events, including floods and drought, caused by climate change on agriculture and food security with focus on Nigeria in particular. For the study, literatures were identified for review through a comprehensive search by using electronic and non-electronic databases to identify researches conducted on effects on climate change and extreme events on agricultural productivity. From the review, it shows that extreme events such as droughts and floods impact agriculture and food security. In order to mitigate the effects of climate change especially droughts and floods, on agricultural productivity, there is an urgent need to intensity efforts and researches on climate change to mitigate and adapt to the occurrences of these extreme events when necessary in Nigeria. Several mitigation and adaptation measures need to be implemented to mitigate the effects of extreme events on agricultural productivity and food security. These measures include practicing climate-smart agriculture, construction and improvement of drainage networks to effectively dispose of flood water in order to reduce the risks of flooding in urban agriculture and drought-resistant varieties of crops should be cultivated.
IMPROVIN G QUALIT Y O F LIFE VI A BLOGS AND DEVELOPMENT O F A VI R TUA L SOCIA L IDENTIT Y

This study explores the link between blog use and global quality of life satisfaction as subjective well-being. This study posits that blogging enhances social interactions between online users, which will develop their own virtual social identity. It is also proposed that the development of a virtual social identity will motivate people to expand their online social networks which will in turn result in their global life satisfaction. A survey was conducted involving 173 subjects. We found that social interaction through the features of the blog increases all three different aspects of virtual social identity, including cognitive, affective, and evaluative social identity. The enjoyment of the blog was another significant predictor of these three aspects of virtual social identity. It was found that all the three aspects of virtual social identity motivated bloggers to expand their online social networks vigorously. Finally, both cognitive social identity and intention to expand the social network turned out to be significant factors that affect users’ global life satisfaction.
Inductive Proof Method for Computational Secrecy

We investigate inductive methods for proving secrecy properties of network protocols, in a “computational” setting applying a probabilistic polynomial-time adversary. As in cryptographic studies, our secrecy properties assert that no probabilistic polynomial-time distinguisher can win a suitable game presented by a challenger. Our method for establishing secrecy properties uses inductive proofs of computational trace-based properties, and axioms and inference rules for relating tracebased properties to non-trace-based properties. We illustrate the method, which is formalized in a logical setting that does not require explicit reasoning about computational complexity, probability, or the possible actions of the attacker, by giving a modular proof of computational authentication and secrecy properties of the Kerberos V5 protocol.
Co-performer empathy and peak performance in expert ensemble playing

Optimal experiences of performance are important and desirable. In ensemble playing, these experiences are influenced by a connection between players. The present study sought to explore expert Western art ensemble musicians’ experiences of peak performance and co-performer empathy in order to construct a model of the relationship between these phenomena. Focus group interviews were conducted with five expert chamber ensembles. The resulting model showed optimal performance in expert ensemble playing to be a combination of co-performer empathy, components of flow, and performance conditions such as repertoire choice and environment. Co-performer empathy itself consisted of a shared approach to interpretation and to working together, an intentional awareness of how other players are operating on a musical and a practical level, and a special connection between players. Analysis also revealed spontaneous interpretative flexibility in performance to be a product of co-performer empathy.
Early Child Care and Adiposity at Ages 1 and 3 Years

BACKGROUND: The majority of infants in the United States are in nonparental child care, yet little is known about the effect of child care on development of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between child care attendance from birth to 6 months and adiposity at 1 and 3 years of age. METHODS: We studied 1138 children from a prospective cohort of pregnant women and their offspring. The main exposure was time in child care from birth to 6 months of age, overall and by type of care: (1) child care center; (2) someone else's home; and (3) child's own home by nonparent. The main outcomes were weight-for-length (WFL) z score at 1 year and BMI z score at 3 years of age. RESULTS: A total of 649 (57%) infants attended child care; 17% were cared for in a center, 27% in someone else's home, and 21% in their own home by a nonparent. After adjustment for confounders, overall time in child care was associated with an increased WFL z score at 1 year and BMI z score at 3 years of age but not skinfold thicknesses. Center and own home care were not associated with the outcomes, but care in someone else's home was associated with an increase in both the 1- and 3-year outcomes. CONCLUSION: Child care in the first 6 months of life, especially in someone else's home, was associated with an increased WFL z score at 1 year and BMI z score at 3 years of age.
The effects of an individualized imagery interventions on flow states and golf performance

The primary aims of this study were to investigate the effects of an imagery intervention on the intensity and frequency of flow states and golf performance. A secondary purpose was to examine participants’ experiences of the delivery of the intervention. Adopting a single subject ABA research design, individualized imagery interventions were delivered over a 12-week period to four high-performance amateur golfers (one female, three male, aged 20-23 years). Golf performance was assessed via a participant-selected golf skill. Flow experiences were measured by the Flow State Scale-2, and the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (Jackson & Eklund, 2002). Results suggested that three of the four participants increased mean global flow intensity, and all four golfers increased mean global flow frequency and performance during the intervention and post intervention period in comparison to baseline. The participants also perceived that their imagery ability had improved because of the intervention.
Genetic approach to variability of memory systems: Analysis of place vs. response learning and Fos‐related expression in hippocampal and striatal areas of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice

C57 and DBA mice were trained in a crossed maze to assess possible strain differences in place or response learning as a function of training duration ( 8 or 17 days) and extramaze cueing conditions. The first condition consisted of a diffuse visually cued environment (rich cueing). The second was the same plus an explicit visual cue marking the direction of the baited arm (rich cueing plus cue). The third was a featureless environment (poor cueing). During training, mice were released from the south arm and rewarded in the east arm. Probe trials on which mice were released from the north arm and allowed to choose either the east (place learning) or the west (response learning) arm were given either on the ninth (PT1) or the eighteenth (PT2) days. Strain × context differences in the activation of the dorsal hippocampus and the dorsolateral striatum were examined by analyzing Fos expression following each probe trial. Results first showed that C57 were essentially place‐learners, whereas no learning modality was predominant in DBA, except on the PT2 run with the explicit cue available. Examination of Fos expression in C57 trained under “rich cueing” and “rich cueing plus cue” conditions revealed a strong and parallel increase of immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum following PT1 that decreased under PT2. In that strain, the similar time‐course variation of Fos expression in both areas suggests a simultaneous involvement of hippocampal‐ and striatal‐based learning mechanisms, even if those controlled by the hippocampus were prevailing on those controlled by the dorsolateral striatum. In DBA mice, however, the absence of any preferential learning modality was associated with 1) a consistent hippocampal activation persistent across probe trials, and 2) a global superior activation of the dorsolateral striatum. Distinct patterns of Fos expression were therefore associated with every strain‐specific learning modality. In each strain, however, each modality was found to be remarkably stable, whatever the training duration and the cueing conditions. Hippocampus 2002;12:63–75. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concussion 101: The Current State of Concussion Education Programs.

Concussion is an important cause of morbidity in young student athletes. The prevention, accurate diagnosis, and prompt management of concussions require that players, parents, coaches, and medical personnel are accurately educated on current concussion data and guidelines. All states have laws that mandate concussion education for high school athletes. There is currently no uniform educational program to disseminate information to student athletes regarding concussions. This article highlights a few nationally recognized educational programs that aim to accurately and effectively inform all members of the athletic, academic, and medical communities about the importance and urgency of concussion.
AMPA Receptor-Mediated Modulation of Inward Rectifier K+ Channels in Astrocytes of Mouse Hippocampus

Astrocytes and neurons are tightly associated and recent data suggest a direct signaling between neuronal and glial cells in vivo. To further analyze these interactions, the patch-clamp technique was combined with single-cell RT-PCR in acute hippocampal brain slices. Subsequent to functional analysis, the cytoplasm of the same cell was harvested to perform transcript analysis and identify subunits that underlie inwardly rectifying K+ currents (I(Kir)) in astrocytes of the CA1 stratum radiatum. Transcripts encoding Kir2.1, Kir2.2, or Kir2.3, were encountered in a majority of cells, while Kir4.1 was less frequent. Further investigation revealed that glial Kir channels are rapidly inhibited upon activation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, most probably due a receptor-mediated influx of Na+, which plugs the channels from the intracellular side. A transient inhibition of I(Kir) in astrocytes in response to neuronal glutamate release and glial AMPA receptor activation represents a further, so far undetected mechanism to balance neuronal excitability.
Relating Ancient Maya Land Use Legacies To The Contemporary Forest Of Caracol, Belize

Human land use legacies have significant and long lasting impacts across landscapes. However, investigating the impacts of ancient land use legacies (>400 years) remains problematic due to the difficulty in detecting ancient land uses, especially those beneath dense canopies. The city of Caracol, one of the most important Maya archaeological sites in Belize, was abandoned after the collapse of the Maya civilization (ca. A.D. 900), leaving behind numerous structures, causeways, and agricultural terraces that persist beneath the dense tropical forest of western Belize. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology enables detection of below canopy Maya archaeological features, providing an ideal opportunity to study the effects of ancient land use legacies on contemporary tropical forest composition. LiDAR also provided us with a detailed record of the 3-dimensional forest structure over the 200 km 2 study area. This allowed the investigation how ancient land uses continue to impact both forest composition, in terms of tree species, and forest structure. I recorded tree species over four land use categories: 1) structures, 2) causeways, 3) terraced, and 4) non-terraced land. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) to test for differences between the classes, I found significantly distinct tree communities associated with the presence of terraces and the underlying topography. Terraced slopes appear to function as micro-valleys on the side of a hill, creating an environmental "bridge" between slope and valley tree communities. Tree species composition over causeways and structures was also found to be significantly different from terraced and non-terraced plots. iv Forest structure was assessed by extracting LiDAR points for terraced (n=150) and non-terraced (n=150) 0.25 ha plots. I calculated average canopy height, canopy closure, and vertical diversity from the height bins of the LiDAR points, using slope, elevation, and aspect as covariates. Using PerMANOVA I determined that forest structure over terraces was significantly different from non-terraced land. Terraces appear to mediate the effect of slope, resulting in less structural variation between slope and non-sloped land. These results led to the conclusion that human land uses abandoned >1000 years ago continue to impact the contemporary forests. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
How top management team behavioural integration can impact employee work outcomes: Theory development and first empirical tests

This article explores whether a top management team’s (TMT) behavioural integration relates to the work outcomes of employees. We first discuss likely theoretical mechanisms for such a relationship by integrating the literature on top management team behavioural integration with the literature on organizational climate, productive energy and employee work outcomes. Subsequently, we test our hypotheses in a dataset containing the responses of 191 top management team members and 5048 employees from 63 organizations by using structural equation modelling. The results show that top management team behavioural integration is related positively to an organization’s productive energy, which in turn is related to employees’ increased job satisfaction and decreased turnover intentions. By providing first insights into the consequences of top management team behavioural integration for employees, this article opens a new avenue for scientific inquiry on the organizational impact of top management team behaviour.