Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residential Differences in the Composition of the Helping Networks of Impaired Elders.

Using data from the 1984 Supplement on Aging to the National Health Interview Survey, this study examines residential differences in the helping network composition of impaired elders (N = 3,761). Zero-order comparisons provide no evidence of a significant association between residence and network composition. However, significant differences in sources of assistance are observed as level of impairment increases. Moreover, severely impaired elders residing in nonmetropolitan communities are less apt than their metropolitan counterparts to be receiving aid from a formal provider and are significantly more likely to be receiving assistance from informal helpers exclusively.
Numerical comparison of iodine-based and indium-based antibody biodistributions.

PURPOSE Single-step iodination is often performed in preference to use of a radiometal label for initial animal biodistributions. Yet loss of iodine occurs in vivo so that it is important to measure uptake (%ID/g) differences between radiolabels. METHODS Murine biodistributions of four radioiodinated and (111)In-labeled cognate anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies were compared. Uptakes were obtained in athymic mice out to 96 hours for diabody, minibody, scFv-Fc, and intact humanized (M5A) versions of the T84.66 antibody. Tissues included liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and human LS174T colorectal xenografts. Ratios (R) of iodine uptake to indium uptake were calculated. RESULTS For all cognates, no significant differences were found in the blood uptakes between the two labels. In normal solid organs, iodine was generally cleared more rapidly with decreasing molecular weight (MW). In liver and spleen by 24 hours, the R value was 5% for diabody and minibody, whereas a value of 50% was seen for the intact mAb. Renal differences were even more marked for the two lower MW species. Tumor losses, however, were found to be essentially independent of MW and were modest; 50% by 48 hours. To test the generality of the results, comparisons were then made for normal organs and tumors of the R values found above for M5A and MN-14 intact antibody literature results. Good agreement, within estimated errors in R, was seen between these two cases, although (111)In and (88)Y were the respective radiometals. CONCLUSIONS Loss of iodine from labeled antibodies can be marked in normal organs and that correction (by 1/R) of the iodine biodistribution to estimate the associated radiometal result may be possible. Explicit differences between the two types of biodistribution also imply that separate uptake results need to be considered when evaluating the impact on imaging and therapy using various possible radiolabels.
Political citizenship and local political participation for disabled people

The theme of this article is political citizenship among people with disabilities. Political citizenship on the basis of gender and ethnicity has received attention internationally. However, there has been little attention on political citizenship of persons with disabilities. The article sheds light on political representation at the local level in Norway. The data used are from a survey sent to 767 political representatives in local politics and 50 administrative representatives. Our study shows that disabled people are under-represented in local political assemblies, and thus, their political citizenship is not fully acknowledged. We apply Fraser (N. Fraser, 1997. Justice Interruptus. Critical Reflections on the ‘Postsocialist’ Condition. New York and London: Routledge) concepts of redistribution and recognition to analyse the lack of representation of disabled people. According to the dimension of redistribution, the analysis shows that neither the physical conditions nor the organization of the different meetings is particularly well adapted for disabled people. The dimension of recognition shows that disabled representatives are expected to be more occupied with issues concerning disability than other representatives. The analysis also shows that over time it has become more important for elected disabled representatives to put issues concerning disability on the agenda.
“And Then She Said”

This article calls for a rhetorical perspective on the relationship of gender, communication, and power in the workplace. In doing so, the author uses narrative in two ways. First, narratives gathered in an ethnographic study of an actual workplace, a plastics manufacturer, are used as a primary source of data, and second, the findings of this study are presented by telling the story of two women in this workplace. Arguing that gender in the workplace, like all social identities, is locally constructed through the micro practices of everyday life, the author questions some of the prevailing assumptions about gender at work and cautions professional communication teachers, researchers, and practitioners against unintentionally perpetuating global, decontextualized assumptions about gender and language, and their relationship to the distribution and exercise of power at work.
Authorization to Lend and Reproduce the Thesis Measure of Relevance in Neural Coding

This work is concerned with the applicability of mutual information as a measure of relevance in neural coding. We give a detailed overview of common approaches to the application of information-theoretic measures in neuroscience. In order to create an environment that allows for the analysis of mutual information, we generate synthetic spike trains based on stimulus models that are easy to describe but sufficiently powerful to be relevant in practice. Different methods to extract a random variable suitable for the estimation of mutual information from spike trains are discussed and their shortcomings illuminated. We go on and demonstrate the sensitivity of mutual information to an inappropriate choice of parameters in the extraction of the random variable and show how the temporal characteristics of the stimulus have to be factored in. Finally, we illustrate the detrimental effects on certain estimators of mutual information that occur if insufficient amounts of data are available.
Motivational Climate and Students’ Emotional Experiences and Effort in Physical Education

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to examine the impact of a self-determined motivational climate including support of autonomy, relatedness, task involvement, and ego-involving climate on students’ affective responses and effort in physical education. The sample involved 338 sixth-grade students (11–12 years old) who completed a questionnaire battery incorporating measures of motivational climate, enjoyment, trait anxiety in physical education, and effort. The results of the reliability and confirmatory factor analyses supported the psychometric properties of the measures. Multiple regression path analysis results indicated that task-involving climate, autonomy, and relatedness support had more positive influences on pupils’ affective responses in comparison to an ego-involving climate.
Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors of S49 lymphoma cells redistributes the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein between cytosol and membranes.

The stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs), which links cell-surface receptors to second-messenger effector systems, is assumed to be confined to plasma membranes. In the current studies we tested whether Gs redistributes within cells by treating S49 lymphoma cells with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, then separating cytosol and crude membrane fractions (defined as pellet and supernatant, respectively, after centrifugation for 1 hr at 150,000 x g), and assaying fractions for the alpha subunit of Gs (alpha s) using a competitive ELISA and reconstitution techniques. Under basal conditions, a small (10%) pool of alpha s was identified in supernatant fractions of S49 cells. The size of this pool decreased in the first 15 min after agonist treatment of cells. This decrease was blocked by a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist and did not occur in an S49 variant, UNC, which lacks functional interaction between receptors and Gs. The size of the alpha s pool in supernatant fractions increased to almost 50% of total cellular alpha s during a 1-hr incubation of cells with isoproterenol. Before isoproterenol treatment only the competitive ELISA was sensitive enough to detect cytosolic alpha s, whereas at later time points (greater than or equal to 30 min) the presence of alpha s in the cytosol was confirmed by both immunoblotting and by reconstitution of adenylyl cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6. 1.1] in Gs-deficient membranes derived from cyc-S49 cells. In contrast to membrane alpha s, cytosolic alpha s did not require activation (e.g., by AlF4-) in the reconstitution assay to stimulate adenylyl cyclase. Use of an antibody that selectively recognizes monomeric dissociated alpha s, but not heterotrimeric alpha s, indicated that cytosolic alpha s is monomeric. These data indicate that alpha s is not exclusively localized to the plasma membrane and that agonist treatment redistributes this protein within target cells.
Responses of Tropical Deep Convection to the QBO: Cloud-Resolving Simulations

AbstractObservational studies suggest that the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) can modulate tropical deep convection. The authors use a cloud-resolving model with a limited domain, representing a convective column in the tropics, to study the mechanisms of this modulation. The large-scale circulation is parameterized using the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation, under which the parameterized large-scale vertical motion acts to relax the horizontal-mean temperature toward a specified reference profile. Temperature variations typically seen in easterly and westerly phases are imposed in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere of this reference profile. The responses of convection are studied over different sea surface temperatures, holding the reference temperature profile fixed. This can be thought of as studying the response of convection to the QBO over different “relative SSTs” and also corresponds to different equilibrium precipitation rates in the control simulation. The.
Collaboration and Progressive School Reform

For many educational scholars collaboration holds the key to school reform. This seeming agreement about the benefits of collaboration, however, obscures some significant differences about the meaning, form, and purpose of this process. This uncertainty about collaboration suggests the need to look carefully at the relation between specific forms of collaboration and the articulated purposes for this reform process. By looking at collaboration in this way, the author found that "robust "forms of collaboration can achieve broadly defined progressive ends when the effects of collaboration on the intensification of teachers' work are limited, when teachers play a significant role in setting the agenda for the collaborative process, and when the issues raised as part of the collaborative process emerge from the contextual realities of a particular school. The key to progressive reform, in this regard, is developing forms of teacher collaboration that reflect progressive values and purposes thereby setting the stage for some teachers to develop similar relationships with students.
Anatomical and functional connectivity in the default mode network of post‐traumatic stress disorder patients after civilian and military‐related trauma

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by unwanted intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal at rest. As these core symptoms reflect disturbance in resting‐state mechanisms, we investigated the functional and anatomical involvement of the default mode network (DMN) in this disorder. The relation between symptomatology and trauma characteristics was considered. Twenty PTSD patients and 20 matched trauma‐exposed controls that were exposed to a similar traumatic event were recruited for this study. In each group, 10 patients were exposed to military trauma, and 10 to civilian trauma. PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptom severity were assessed. DMN maps were identified in resting‐state scans using independent component analysis. Regions of interest (medial prefrontal, precuneus, and bilateral inferior parietal) were defined and average z‐scores were extracted for use in the statistical analysis. The medial prefrontal and the precuneus regions were used for cingulum tractography whose integrity was measured and compared between groups. Similar functional and anatomical connectivity patterns were identified in the DMN of PTSD patients and trauma‐exposed controls. In the PTSD group, functional and anatomical connectivity parameters were strongly correlated with clinical measures, and there was evidence of coupling between the anatomical and functional properties. Type of trauma and time from trauma were found to modulate connectivity patterns. To conclude, anatomical and functional connectivity patterns are related to PTSD symptoms and trauma characteristics influence connectivity beyond clinical symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp 37:589–599, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detecting pitch accent using pitch-corrected energy-based predictors

Previous work has shown that the energy components of frequency subbands with a variety of frequencies and bandwidths predict pitch accent with various degrees of accuracy, and produce correct predictions for distinct subsets of data points. In this paper, we describe a series of experiments exploring techniques to leverage the predictive power of these energy components by including pitch and duration features – other known correlates to pitch accent. We perform these experiments on Standard American English read, spontaneous and broadcast news speech, each corpus containing at least four speakers. Using an approach by which we correct energy-based predictions using pitch and duration information prior to using a majority voting classifier, we were able to detect pitch accent in read, spontaneous and broadcast news speech at 84.0%, 88.3% and 88.5% accuracy, respectively. Human performance at pitch accent detection is generally taken to be between 85% and 90%. Index Terms: prosodic analysis, spectral emphasis
A legacy for the children--attitudes of older adults in the United Kingdom to genetic testing.

AIM The aim of this study was to assess understanding of genetics and attitudes towards genetic testing for clinical and research purposes in a group of older adults in the UK. BACKGROUND Increasingly, genomics will have an impact on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common diseases and the prescription of drugs. The chance of being affected by a medical condition increases with age and therefore the use of genetic testing as part of general health-care practice has an impact on the older population. METHODS Older adults were recruited to two focus groups (n=7 and n=10 respectively). Focus group discussions were guided by a series of questions and were audiotaped. The transcribed data were coded for significant statements, which were organized under thematic headings. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 76 years. The main themes to emerge were: understanding, approach to genetic testing and conditions for testing. In this cohort, the older adults were largely unsure about the underlying scientific basis of genetics but were keen to learn more. While enhanced medical knowledge could enable preventive measures to be taken and so reduce suffering, it was acknowledged that for some people knowing the future could potentially cause anxiety and harm. Participants were wary about research being used to benefit private companies and voiced ethical concerns about potential coercion to be tested and the misuse of science. However, all participants had an altruistic approach that influenced their willingness to be tested to benefit others in their family or the wider community. Conditions for testing included provision of information about the purpose of testing and feedback on the results. CONCLUSIONS Older adults are positive about the opportunities presented by genetic testing for clinical reasons and research, but need accurate information about the reasons for and implications of such testing. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of this study confirm the need for nurses to be proactive in developing the genetic competencies required to detect potential familial disease, make appropriate referrals to genetic services and ensure informed consent is obtained for genetic testing.
The Power of Persuasion: Issue Framing and Advocacy in Argentina

Abstract This article examines the collective action frames that civil societal actors in Argentina have used while engaging in advocacy. It argues that by devising effective framing strategies, members of civil society organisations increase their chances of participating in the agenda-setting, formulation and adoption phases of policy-making. The relationship between framing and participation is supported by a comparative analysis of two cases of advocacy: the campaign for a freedom of information law and the struggle for child protection legislation. The evidence suggests that civil societal actors often rely on the strength of their ideas and their persuasive power to achieve political relevance, which is analytically distinct from political outcomes. Spanish abstract Este artículo examina los marcos de acción colectiva que los actores de la sociedad civil en Argentina usaron mientras se involucraban en el cabildeo contra abusos de derechos humanos. El estudio señala que al diseñar estrategias efectivas de encuadre los miembros de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil incrementan sus posibilidades para el establecimiento de las agendas, la formulación y la calendarización en la elaboración de políticas públicas. La relación entre el encuadramiento y la participación se sostiene por medio de un análisis comparativo de dos casos de cabildeo: la campaña por una ley sobre la libertad de información y la lucha por la legislación para la protección del niño. La evidencia sugiere que los actores de la sociedad civil con frecuencia se apoyan en la fuerza de sus ideas y su poder persuasivo para lograr relevancia política, lo cual es, analíticamente, distinto de los resultados políticos. Portuguese abstract Examina-se os moldes das ações coletivas adotadas por protagonistas da sociedade civil na Argentina quando engajados em defesa de direitos. Argumenta-se que, ao criar estratégias efetivas para estruturar questões, membros de organizações da sociedade civil aumentam sua capacidade de participar nas etapas de definição de prioridades, formulação de diretrizes e na adoção de políticas públicas. A relação entre o estruturamento e a participação é apoiada por uma análise comparativa de dois casos de defesa de direitos: a campanha por uma lei de liberdade de informação e a luta por legislação pela proteção da criança. As evidências sugerem que protagonistas da sociedade civil frequentemente dependem da força de seus argumentos e do seu poder de convencimento para atingirem relevância política, o que é analiticamente distinto dos resultados políticos.
Calcium Oxalate Crystals: An Integral Component of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum/Brassica carinata Pathosystem

Oxalic acid is an important virulence factor for disease caused by the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, yet calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals have not been widely reported. B. carinata stems were infected with S. sclerotiorum and observed using light microscopy. Six hours post inoculation (hpi), CaOx crystals were evident on 46% of stem sections and by 72 hpi on 100%, demonstrating that the secretion of oxalic acid by S. sclerotiorum commences before hyphal penetration. This is the first time CaOx crystals have been reported on B. carinata infected with S. sclerotiorum. The shape of crystals varied as infection progressed. Long tetragonal rods were dominant 12 hpi (68% of crystal-containing samples), but by 72 hpi, 50% of stems displayed bipyramidal crystals, and only 23% had long rods. Scanning electron microscopy from 24 hpi revealed CaOx crystals in all samples, ranging from tiny irregular crystals (< 0.5 μm) to large (up to 40 μm) highly organized arrangements. Crystal morphology encompassed various forms, including tetragonal prisms, oval plates, crystal sand, and druses. Large conglomerates of CaOx crystals were observed in the hyphal mass 72 hpi and these are proposed as a strategy of the fungus to hold and detoxify Ca2+ions. The range of crystal morphologies suggests that S. sclerotiorum growth and infection controls the form taken by CaOx crystals.
Relationship between lifestyle values and achievement goal orientation among vocational students in Thailand

This study brings models of value theory and motivational goal theory together to investigate the relationship between lifestyle values (materialism, religiosity, physical well-being and image) and achievement goal orientation of college students enrolled in vocational programmes in Thailand (N = 1670, males = 38.5% and females = 61.5%). We found associations between various lifestyle values and achievement goal orientation. Multiple regression analyses found a positive association with religiosity and personal well-being on the adoption of mastery goals and a positive association with materialism and personal image on the adoption of performance goals. These findings are interpreted with respect to self-determination theory.
Provide Virtual Machine Information for Grid Computing

Distributed virtual machines can help to build scalable, manageable, and efficient grid infrastructures. The work proposed in this paper focuses on employing virtual machines for grid computing. In order to efficiently run grid applications, virtual machine resource information should be provided. This paper first discusses the system architecture of virtual machine pools and the process of information retrieval from virtual machines. Based on the characterization of the system model, this paper presents the work on how to retrieve resource information from Xen/VMware virtual machines via VMware Common Information Model Software Development Kit and lightweight Java agents. The resource information is integrated into a grid information service. The work is implemented in a test bed with Xen/VMware virtual machines and the Globus Toolkit. With a performance evaluation and discussion on a real test bed, it is declared that the design and implementation of information services for virtual-machine-based grid systems are feasible, efficient, and scalable.
Estimating Giving and Volunteering: New Ways to Measure the Phenomena

Estimating the levels of giving and volunteering in the United States relies on a few different sources: Independent Sector (until 2001) as well as by Center on Philanthropy Panel Studies (COPPS; since 2004) and the United States Census Bureau. Each of these sources uses different methodologies to measure levels of giving and volunteering in the United States yielding significantly different results. The purpose of this article is to examine current methodologies for assessing U.S. levels and characteristics of giving and volunteering and to evaluate the extent to which online methods are reliable, concurrently valid, inexpensive, and offer a flexible survey approach. The authors used six waves of a Harris Interactive online survey known as Donor Pulse, conducted within a 3-year span, as the case example.