Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oda16/Wdr69 is essential for axonemal dynein assembly and ciliary motility during zebrafish embryogenesis

In the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Oda16 functions during ciliary assembly as an adaptor for intraflagellar transport of outer arm dynein. Oda16 orthologs only occur in genomes of organisms that use motile cilia; however, such cilia play multiple roles during vertebrate development and the contribution of Oda16 to their assembly remains unexplored. We demonstrate that the zebrafish Oda16 ortholog (Wdr69) is expressed in organs with motile cilia and retains a role in dynein assembly. Antisense morpholino knockdown of Wdr69 disrupts ciliary motility and results in multiple phenotypes associated with vertebrate ciliopathies. Affected cilia included those in Kupffer's vesicle, where Wdr69 plays a role in generation of asymmetric fluid flow and establishment of organ laterality, and otic vesicles, where Wdr69 is needed to develop normal numbers of otoliths. Analysis of cilium ultrastructure revealed loss of outer dynein arms in morphant embryos. These results support a remarkable level of functional conservation for Oda16/Wdr69. Developmental Dynamics 239:2190–2197, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Programas intergeracionais: quão relevantes eles podem ser para a sociedade brasileira?

Em 2020, a expectativa de vida no Brasil ultrapassara os 75 anos, representando 34 milhoes de idosos, ou seja, 15% da populacao. Apesar de o envelhecimento ser um fenomeno ainda recente, a populacao dos idosos brasileiros e uma das maiores do mundo. O pais precisa adotar medidas principalmente na area economica, na educacao, saude e de servicos sociais, para que o envelhecimento se torne um ganho real. Algumas dessas medidas devem incluir as criancas e os jovens, de forma a prevenir os preconceitos quanto ao envelhecimento e possiveis conflitos intergeracionais que a sociedade podera enfrentar diante das necessidades e dos recursos disponiveis. O objetivo deste artigo e ressaltar a importância dos programas intergeracionais para a quebra de preconceitos frente ao envelhecimento (ageismo), desenvolvendo atitudes que possam estimular a solidariedade e cidadania na sociedade contemporânea.
Exploring the Dimensionality of Positive and Negative Performance Feedback

Positive and negative performance feedback may best be examined not as opposite ends of a single continuum, but as two separate, unique constructs, each with its own dimensional structure. This study explores the nature of these distinct structures by applying multidimensional scaling techniques to performance feedback messages given in organizational settings. The results indicate that positive feedback messages are characterized by two underlying dimensions (no instruction/praise versus instruction/guidance; process versus product focus), and that negative messages reflect a four‐dimensional structure (explicit versus ambiguous; destructive versus constructive criticism; high versus low knowledge of performance conditions; mixed/inconsistent versus clear standards of evaluation). Implications of these constructs are discussed with regard to the delivery, cognitive processing, and responses associated with performance feedback.
Emotions and Opportunities: The Interplay of Opportunity Evaluation, Fear, Joy, and Anger as Antecedent of Entrepreneurial Exploitation

This research examines the interplay of opportunity evaluation and emotions as determinants of entrepreneurial exploitation using affect–as–information theory and the affective processing principle as conceptual bases. Three central assumptions are confirmed across two studies. The first is that the effects of opportunity characteristics on exploitation are mediated by evaluation. The second is that emotions influence exploitation decisions in addition to evaluation. Fear reduces exploitation, whereas joy and anger increase it. The third is that fear, joy, and anger influence evaluation's effect on exploitation with higher levels of fear reducing and higher levels of joy and anger increasing the positive impact of evaluation on exploitation.
PHONETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MIS- AND DIS- IN ENGLISH PREFIXED AND PSEUDO-PREFIXED WORDS

It has been claimed that speakers distinguish between phonemically-identical initial syllables that differ in morphological structure, but the phonetic details are poorly understood. Five SSBE speakers read scripted dialogues containing words with such syllables, half with true prefixes (Pr) e.g. mistimes, displease, and half with pseudo-prefixes (PsPr) e.g. mistakes, displays. Each word occurred both with nuclear (N) stress and in postnuclear (PN) position. Pr words were longer up to voicing onset in the second syllable and had longer [� ] and VOT, and shorter [s] than PsPr words. For mis-, the average amplitude of the burst + aspiration was higher in Pr than PsPr. Implications for models of morphological decomposition are discussed.
Cardiac Myocyte De Novo DNA Methyltransferases 3a/3b Are Dispensable for Cardiac Function and Remodeling after Chronic Pressure Overload in Mice

Background Recent studies reported altered DNA methylation in failing human hearts. This may suggest a role for de novo DNA methylation in the development of heart failure. Here, we tested whether cardiomyocyte-specific loss of de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b altered cardiac function and remodeling after chronic left ventricular pressure overload. Methods Mice with specific ablation of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression in cardiomyocytes were generated by crossing floxed Dnmt3afl and Dnmt3bfl alleles with mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the atrial myosin light chain gene promoter. The efficacy of combined Dnmt3a/3b ablation (DKO) was characterized on cardiomyocyte-specific genomic DNA and mRNA levels. Cardiac phenotyping was carried out without (sham) or with left ventricular pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Under similar conditions, cardiac genome-wide transcriptional profiling was performed and DNA methylation levels of promoters of differentially regulated genes were assessed by pyrosequencing. Results DKO cardiomyocytes showed virtual absence of targeted Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b mRNA transcripts. Cardiac phenotyping revealed no significant differences between DKO and control mice under sham and TAC conditions. Transcriptome analyses identified upregulation of 44 and downregulation of 9 genes in DKO as compared with control sham mice. TAC mice showed similar changes with substantial overlap of regulated genes compared to sham. Promoters of upregulated genes were largely unmethylated in DKO compared to control mice. Conclusion The absence of cardiac pathology in the presence of the predicted molecular phenotype suggests that de novo DNA methylation in cardiomyocytes is dispensable for adaptive mechanisms after chronic cardiac pressure overload.
GENDER AND MEDICAL INSURANCE:

This research investigates gender differences in employer-sponsored medical insurance coverage among full-time male and female workers in the United States and assesses the relevance of human capital theory and its compensating differentials corollary in predicting coverage. Data are analyzed from a subsample of the Quality of Employment Survey, a national probability sample of workers in the United States. Results indicate that men were more likely to have medical insurance coverage from their employers than were women; however, gender differences were minimized in a multivariate context when human capital and structural variables were controlled. Furthermore, human capital variables are, overall, weak predictors of whether both women and men received coverage. More generally, the data suggest that structural conditions of the occupation, rather than individual human capital, may be most relevant for future research.
Factors Influencing Expectations of Physical Activity for Adolescents Residing in Appalachia

Background Appalachian adolescents are at an increased risk for sedentary behavior; little research has addressed this concern. Purpose This study examined adolescents' expectations for engaging in physical activity (PA), chiefly expectations for relaxation and fitness. Independent variables were self-efficacy expectations (SEEs) to overcome barriers to PA, body mass index (BMI), gender, and grade level. Methods One thousand and twenty-four 9th (n = 602) and 12th (n = 422) graders, 520 females and 504 males, attending 11 high schools in a rural Appalachian region participated. Participant SEE, BMI, grade level, gender, and outcome expectations (OEs) for PA were determined via a self-report questionnaire. Results Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated that gender, grade level, and SEE significantly impacted OE for PA. BMI was not related to PA expectations. The interaction of self-efficacy and gender as well as self-efficacy and grade level were significant. Discussion Positive health messages supporting increased levels of involvement in PA for adolescents in rural Appalachian areas may encourage these youth to exercise more frequently. Translation to Health Education Practice Future research assessing the impact of messages to improve SEE for PA on changes in PA and adolescents' attitudes toward engaging in PA will advance knowledge in the field.
Genetic Variation in the Vibrio vulnificus Group 1 Capsular Polysaccharide Operon

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus produces human disease associated with raw-oyster consumption or wound infections, but fatalities are limited to persons with chronic underlying illness. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is required for virulence, and CPS expression correlates with opaque (Op) colonies that show “phase variation” to avirulent translucent (Tr) phenotypes with reduced CPS. The results discussed here confirmed homology of a V. vulnificus CPS locus to the group 1 CPS operon in Escherichia coli. However, two distinct V. vulnificus genotypes or alleles were associated with the operon, and they diverged at sequences encoding hypothetical proteins and also at unique, intergenic repetitive DNA elements. Phase variation was examined under conditions that promoted high-frequency transition of Op to Tr forms. Recovery of Tr isolates in these experiments showed multiple genotypes, which were designated TR1, TR2, and TR3: CPS operons of TR1 isolates were identical to the Op parent, and cells remained phase variable but expressed reduced CPS. TR2 and TR3 showed deletion mutations in one (wzb) or multiple genes, respectively, and deletion mutants were acapsular and locked in the Tr phase. Complementation in trans restored the Op phenotype in strains with the wzb deletion mutation. Allelic variation in repetitive elements determined the locations, rates, and extents of deletion mutations. Thus, different mechanisms are responsible for reversible phase variation in CPS expression versus genetic deletions in the CPS operon of V. vulnificus. Repetitive-element-mediated deletion mutations were highly conserved within the species and are likely to promote survival in estuarine environments.
Contributions of Instructional Practices to Reading Achievement in a Statewide Improvement Program

Abstract The amount and direction of school change in reading achievement on a statewide, high-stakes performance assessment were identified. School change in reading achievement with instructional practices reported by teachers in primary and intermediate grades in 33 schools was predicted. Meta-analyses of the effects of instructional practices in reading on achievement in 6 areas—including reading, writing, language use, mathematics, science, and social studies—were conducted. In Grade 5, achievement in reading, science, mathematics, and writing increased significantly. Practices of integrated instruction and use of abundant texts and resources were associated positively with change in achievement. Basal emphasis and comprehension instruction were associated negatively with achievement change. In Grade 3, few effects were observed. Findings are interpreted in light of existing models of integrated instruction and the roles of teacher knowledge in achievement and learning.
Evidence that independent research projects improve accounting students' technology-related perceptions and skills

Advances in technology require that accountants possess skills to obtain information from various sources, complete computer-based projects, and use computers as a tool to achieve other business-related objectives. Students not only need to develop skills to access information but, more importantly, they also need to improve their perceived ability to utilize computers successfully. This paper describes a project in which accounting students were required to independently analyse a publicly-traded company using text- and Internet-based resources. The goals were to concurrently develop students' computer-based skills and improve perceptions toward technology. In addition, since research using nonaccounting students has shown that self-efficacy and confidence in the use of technology differs between the genders, this study also analysed gender-related differences in perceptions towards computers. The results show that the project enhanced students' Internet knowledge and skills to access information from multiple sources. Students also improved their perceived ability to use computers to analyse technical problems, their computer-based project completion skills, and their understanding of the Internet. Furthermore, while female students indicated lower perceived ability to work on technology-related projects before the assignment, participation in the project elevated their confidence levels. In general, this paper demonstrates the value of designing assignments to improve students' perceived computer-related abilities, and provides insight into gender differences in perceptions towards technology.
Species of flea found on cats and dogs in south west England: further evidence of their polyxenous state and implications for flea control

Fleas were collected from 60 dogs and 32 cats living in south west England. Ctenocephalides felis felis and Ctenocephalides canis were found on both dogs and cats, with a marked preponderance of C felis felis on both species. More female fleas than males were found. There was no apparent tendency for C canis to be found more often in rural areas than in suburban areas. The survey confirmed the polyxenous nature of both species of flea. The significance of this state is discussed in relation to flea control, and the author concludes that it is unlikely that all significant flea species could be completely eliminated from the environment of pet animals.
The synergistic activity of tiamulin and chlortetracycline: in-feed treatment of bacterially complicated enzootic pneumonia in fattening pigs

The antibacterial effects of a combination of tiamulin and chlortetracycline in vitro against a number of field isolates of Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica were examined. There was a marked synergism between the two antibiotics against all eight isolates of P multocida, against seven of nine isolates of H pleuropneumoniae and against the single strain of B bronchiseptica tested. Two field trials were carried out on a herd with a history of complicated enzootic pneumonia where the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and P multocida had been established and subsequently the presence of H pleuropneumoniae was discovered. Feed containing tiamulin at 100 ppm combined with chlortetracycline at 300 ppm was given for seven days to pigs affected with pneumonia, and the results were compared with untreated controls and pigs receiving chlortetracycline at 300 ppm. There was a follow-up observation period of three weeks when all groups received unmedicated feed. During the medication period the combination treated groups showed a statistically significant increase in average daily weight gain of 156 g (20.4 per cent) and in feed conversion efficiency of 0.576 (20.8 per cent) and a numerical improvement in average disease score in comparison with the untreated controls. These improvements were approximately double those observed in the groups treated with 300 ppm chlortetracycline which showed improvements of 93 g (12.2 per cent) in average daily gain and 0.301 (10.9 per cent) in feed conversion efficiency. During the following three weeks most of the initial gains were lost, probably owing to the reinfection of the treated groups by the untreated controls.
In Search of Madness: Schizophrenia and Neuroscience

Schizophrenia is an anomaly at the frontier of mind and brain, but In Search of Madness points the way to its solution. The tools of meta-analysis are first explained and then employed to make the strength and consistency of these differences explicit. Beginning with the study of symptoms, then moving through the search for objective disease markers, findings on the cognitive functions, structure, physiology, chemistry, and development of the brain, this book is a journey into the enigma of madness and its science. What emerges is an illness that reveals itself most strongly in thought processes, not biology.
The Intrinsic Self and Defensiveness: Evidence that Activating the Intrinsic Self Reduces Self-Handicapping and Conformity

Two studies were conducted to assess the hypothesis that shifting individuals’ base of self-esteem to more stable, intrinsic self-attributes would reduce psychological defensiveness in the form of self-handicapping attributions and conformity. In Study 1, participants visualized an individual who liked them contingently or noncontingently, or who was neutral toward them, and then made attributions for an impending test performance. Participants who visualized the noncontingently accepting other made fewer self-handicapping attributions. In Study 2, partici pants wrote about an intrinsic self-attribute, an achievement, or a neutral event and then evaluated several abstract art paintings while knowing how other participants purportedly rated the paintings. Participants for whom the intrinsic self was primed conformed less to others’ judgments relative to achievement self-primed and control participants. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for understanding the connection between self-esteem and defensiveness.
On the scalability of particle swarm optimisation

Particle swarm has proven to be competitive to other evolutionary algorithms in the field of optimization, and in many cases enables a faster convergence to the ideal solution. However, like any optimization algorithm it seems to have difficulties handling optimization problems of high dimension. Here we first show that dimensionality is really a problem for the classical particle swarm algorithms. We then show that increasing the swarm size can be necessary to handle problem of high dimensions but is not enough. We also show that the issue of scalability occurs more quickly on some functions.
Institutional Vulnerability to Social Constructions

This article contributes to efforts to integrate power-based, institutionalist, and constructivist perspectives on policy making. Using an analysis of policy designs for assisted reproductive technology, the authors argue that jurisdictional federations are more vulnerable to social constructions based on widely held perceptions of social groups than functional federations and, to a lesser extent, unitary states. In fact, policy makers in jurisdictional federations tend to rely on communicative discourses aimed at convincing a wide public, whereas those in functional federations need coordinative discourses to obtain the support of actors who play key roles in decision making. Where coordinative discourses prevail over communicative discourses, policy makers will more likely target advantaged groups with restrictive policies.
Democratising world heritage: The policies and practices of community involvement in Turkey

This article analyses Turkey’s efforts to institutionalise community involvement in the management of sites on the World Heritage List of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Drawing upon Sally Merry’s idea of ‘vernacularization’, it traces the strategic and contentious process by which Turkish politicians and bureaucrats interpret and implement UNESCO's best practice standard of community involvement in the management of heritage sites. It examines how global notions of cultural heritage preservation become entangled with local politics, resulting in competing claims about ethical norms and governance. Through an in-depth ethnographic exploration, the article looks at the effects of the resulting policies and social practices at the Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2012. The transnational World Heritage arena challenges state and public awareness; but it also has the unintended consequence of corroborating the existing hierarchies upon which governmental authority rests.
Isoform-specific Localization of Voltage-gated K+Channels to Distinct Lipid Raft Populations

The precise subcellular localization of ion channels is often necessary to ensure rapid and efficient integration of both intracellular and extracellular signaling events. Recently, we have identified lipid raft association as a novel mechanism for the subcellular sorting of specific voltage-gated K+channels to regions of the membrane rich in signaling complexes. Here, we demonstrate isoform-specific targeting of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels to distinct lipid raft populations with the finding that Kv1.5 specifically targets to caveolae. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 exist in distinct raft domains: 1) channel/raft association shows differential sensitivity to increasing concentrations of Triton X-100; 2) unlike Kv2.1, Kv1.5 colocalizes with caveolin on the cell surface and redistributes with caveolin following microtubule disruption; and 3) immunoisolation of caveolae copurifies Kv1.5 channel. Both depletion of cellular cholesterol and inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis alter Kv1.5 channel function by inducing a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. The differential targeting of Kv channel subtypes to caveolar and noncaveolar rafts within a single membrane represents a unique mechanism of compartmentalization, which may permit isoform-specific modulation of K+ channel function.
NEGATIVE ITEMS AND NEGATION STRATEGIES IN NONNATIVE ITALIAN

Acquisition of negation in Italian as a second language (L2) is investigated on the basis of the longitudinal data of five learners with different first languages (L1s) in the framework of a functional approach focusing on the semantic and pragmatic principles governing the organization of learner varieties and the process of their complexification. Negation develops in a cumulative process in four successive stages. New constructions entering into interlanguage (IL) at each stage effect reduction in frequency of use of previous constructions that specialize for special functions, such as constituent negation. The acquisition process provides insight into some of the mechanisms involved in the processing and filtering of grammatical elements from the input and into strategies employed by the learners to integrate the expression of the scope of negation into the syntactic organization of their variety. The results contribute to a better understanding of the acquisition processes of negation in L2s, allowing the comparison of the development of a relatively straightforward target with an invariable preverbal particle, Italian, with the better investigated development of the complex patterns of English and German.