Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Adolescent Subculture and Academic Achievement

In an adolescent social system in which academic achievement is highly valued, those who achieve highly will include more people whose actual intelligence is high that in a social system where this activity is less valued. This is one hypothesis about the possible effects that adolescent value systems have upon education, and it is examined here, using ten schools with differing value systems. After this examination, the question of what is the source of these value systems is asked, and evidence is presented suggesting an apparently powerful effect of interscholastic athletics. This result raises questions about the general effect of interscholastic competition of other sorts on the adolescent value system of a school.
Tertium Datur: Pricing, Regulating and Intrinsic Motivation

Beyond prices and regulations, a third motivation influences human behavior: intrinsic motivation. Under identifiable conditions, rational individuals replace their intrinsic by extrinsic motivation when prices and regulations are imposed from the outside ("crowding-out effect"). Conversely, policy instruments that acknowledge intrinsic motivation and extend actors' self-determination "crowd-in" intrinsic motivation. Empirical studies support these psychological effects. Copyright 1992 by WWZ and Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG
p53 expression in K562 cells is associated with caspase‐mediated cleavage of c‐ABL and BCR–ABL protein kinases

Summary. The chimaeric BCR‐ABL oncoprotein is the molecular hallmark of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Expression of Bcr‐Abl has been associated with arrested differentiation as well as resistance to apoptosis. The downstream pathway involved in apoptosis resistance has been extensively studied, whereas the role of Bcr‐Abl in cell differentiation is largely unclear. A recent report has shown that Bcr‐Abl expression alone is sufficient to increase the number of multipotent and myeloid lineage‐committed progenitors in a dose‐dependent manner while suppressing the development of committed erythroid progenitors. In accordance with this model, downregulation of c‐Abl and Bcr‐Abl has been observed during differentiation in different systems, although the mechanism is still largely unknown. To investigate the relationship between erythroid differentiation and c‐Abl and Bcr‐Abl levels, we induced differentiation in K562 cells using a temperature‐inducible p53 mutant (p53Val1335). It was found that p53‐induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells required caspase activity. During this process, caspase‐dependent cleavage of c‐Abl and Bcr‐Abl tyrosine kinases was observed, suggesting a new mechanism for the downregulation of the kinases during erythroid differentiation.
Overexpression of Sly41 suppresses COPII vesicle–tethering deficiencies by elevating intracellular calcium levels

SLY41 is a multicopy suppressor of mutations in the essential Ypt1 GTPase. Overexpression of Sly41 elevates cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which stimulates SNARE-dependent fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi membranes and suppresses deficiencies in Ypt1-dependent vesicle tethering. Thus Ca2+ positively regulates vesicle fusion with Golgi membranes.
Mechanical Properties of Human Lumbar Spine Motion Segments: Influences of Age, Sex, Disc Level, and Degeneration

The influences of age, sex, disc level, and degree of degeneration on the mechanical behavior of 42 fresh cadaver lumbar motion segments are reported. The motions and intradiscal pressure changes that result from the application of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsional moments; compression; and anterior, posterior, and lateral shears are described. The authors find that the mean behaviors of the different segment classes sometimes differ, but these differences are seldom pronounced. Scatter in the behavior of individual motion segments is pronounced, and very often overshadows any class differences.
Frequent Binge Drinking After Combat-Acquired Traumatic Brain Injury Among Active Duty Military Personnel With a Past Year Combat Deployment

Objective:To determine whether combat-acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with postdeployment frequent binge drinking among a random sample of active duty military personnel. Participants:Active duty military personnel who returned home within the past year from deployment to a combat theater of operations and completed a survey health assessment (N = 7155). Methods:Cross-sectional observational study with multivariate analysis of responses to the 2008 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel, an anonymous, random, population-based assessment of the armed forces. Main Measures:Frequent binge drinking: 5 or more drinks on the same occasion, at least once per week, in the past 30 days. TBI-AC: self-reported altered consciousness only; loss of consciousness (LOC) of less than 1 minute (TBI-LOC <1); and LOC of 1 minute or greater (TBI-LOC 1+) after combat injury event exposure. Results:Of active duty military personnel who had a past year combat deployment, 25.6% were frequent binge drinkers and 13.9% reported experiencing a TBI on the deployment, primarily TBI-AC (7.5%). In regression models adjusting for demographics and positive screen for posttraumatic stress disorder, active duty military personnel with TBI had increased odds of frequent binge drinking compared with those with no injury exposure or without TBI: TBI-AC (adjusted odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.84); TBI-LOC 1+ (adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.79). Conclusions:Traumatic brain injury was significantly associated with past month frequent binge drinking after controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder, combat exposure, and other covariates.
Modeling of G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling Pathways*

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)2 are the largest family of cell membrane receptors. An estimated 50% of current pharmaceuticals target GPCRs (1), suggesting that further increases in our understanding ofGPCRs and the signaling pathways they initiate will lead to new drug targets. Mathematical and computationalmodeling (here, simply “modeling”) has a substantial history in modern biology and pharmacology (2, 3) and offers a powerful tool for examining GPCR pathways. Such models can be used to better understand hypothesized mechanisms, run virtual (in silico) experiments, interpret data, suggest new drug targets, motivate experiments, and offer new explanations for observed phenomena.
Impacts of a Parenting Newsletter on Fathers of Kindergarten Children

This study is the first assessment of the perceived effectiveness of a parenting newsletter written specifically for fathers or father figures. The Father Times newsletter was distributed weekly for six weeks to all families of kindergarten children at a local school. One hundred seventy-seven fathers responded to a self-report questionnaire regarding usage of the parenting newsletter, perceptions of the newsletter as a resource, and impacts on fathers’ attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and father-child relationship quality. Two-thirds of fathers in the sample reported changing at least “somewhat” in all nine outcomes explored. Neither father age nor number of children in the home influenced fathering outcomes, but fathers with lower levels of education reported greater impacts from reading the newsletter. While the newsletter targeted fathers, 70% of mothers also read the newsletter suggesting that targeting fathers may be an effective way to continue to bring parent education to mothers. It further suggests that a fathering newsletter could be a useful tool for coparenting discussions. We conclude that directly reaching out to fathers and father figures can bridge the divide between men and parent education programs, providing an effective alternative to traditional parent education programs.
Alcohol and lung airways function.

BACKGROUND Limited data suggest that moderate alcohol drinkers may have better lung airways function than abstainers. Because few studies have fully accounted for confounders (including smoking and coronary disease), and some might have been biased by the inclusion with nondrinkers of alcohol drinkers who quit because of illness, we performed a cross-sectional analysis in a large free-living population. METHODS We studied the relation between alcohol and airways function in 177,721 members of a comprehensive health plan. An item on a questionnaire administered as part of a health examination asked for "usual number of drinks in the past year. " Respondents were asked to lump "wine, beer, whiskey, and cocktails" together. Health history queries included 47 items indicative of possible cardiorespiratory (CR) illness; participants with one or more positive response (61.0%) were classified as "CR yes. " Lung function measurements were part of the health examination; we studied one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV(1)/FVC by analysis of covariance and FEV(1)/FVC <0.7 by logistic regression. Nondrinkers were the referent for alcohol categories; covariates were age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, education, body mass index, and CR composite yes/no. RESULTS For each measure studied, persons reporting two or fewer drinks per day or three to five drinks per day had better airways function than nondrinkers (p < 0.001), but heavier drinkers had worse function. This J-shaped relation was consistent across multiple strata, including CR "yes" or "no." CONCLUSION Independent of smoking and evident lung or heart disease, light to moderate drinkers of alcohol had better FEV(1), FVC, and FEV(1)/FVC than abstainers did. Although this association does not prove causality, drinking moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages may have some benefit for lung function.
How Important is the Perception of Personal Control? Studies of Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients

Two models of cognitive determinants of distress under adversity were tested in the experiences of two samples of newly treated breast cancer patients (ns = 144 and 202). One model emphasizes the role of perceptions of personal control in subjective well-being; the other model emphasizes expectancies of the occurrence of desired outcomes. In this research, the outcome addressed was remaining free of cancer in the future. In these two samples, beliefs about control over remaining free of cancer played no role in predicting distress, although expectancy of remaining cancer free did. Discussion focuses on conceptual boundaries on the concept of control, how difficult it is to assess control separately from expectancy regarding the desired outcome, and how conceptual clarity requires such a separation.
Do Auction Bidders 'Really' Want to Win the Item, or Do They Simply Want to Win?

This article describes three experiments designed to investigate the effects of competition and attachment on auction bidder behavior. For each study, in order to isolate bidders' desire to win the item from bidders' desire to simply win the auction, we constructed survey experiments with participants divided into two groups. Both groups bid on a certificate that could be exchanged for an attractive gift, but for one of the groups the certificate number was changed, although the gift for which the certificate could be exchanged remained the same. In each experiment, the group with the changed certificate number bid significantly less. Our findings suggest that bidders are willing to bid significantly higher to win a specific item - in this case, a specific certificate number - than they are willing to bid to win a specific auction.
Competing Retailers and Inventory: An Empirical Investigation of U.S. Automobile Dealerships

In this study we estimate empirically the eect of local market condi- tions on inventory holdings of General Motors dealerships in isolated U.S. markets. The inventory decision for a dealership is akin to a choice in qual- ity (all consumers prefer dealerships to carry more inventory and doing so is costly). We show how to separate into two mechanisms the in‡uence of competition on a retailer's inventory: (1) the entry or exit of a competitor can change a retailer's demand (a sales eect); (2) the entry or exit of a competitor can change the amount of buer stock a retailer holds, which in‡uences the probability a consumer …nds a desired product in stock (a service level eect). Theory suggests that an increase in sales leads to a less than proportional increase in inventory due to economies of scale in the management of inventory. However, theoretical models of inventory com- petition are ambiguous on the expected sign of the service level eect. Via a web crawler, we obtained data on inventory and sales for more than 200 dealerships over a six month period. Using cross-sectional variation, we estimated the eect of market structure (number and type of competitors) on inventory holdings. We use several instrumental variables to control for � The authors thank Joel Waldfogel for his guidance and suggestions. We are grateful to Alan Abrahams, Michelle Gallert and Gabe Silvasi for their help in the implementation of the web-crawler. We thank the suggestions of seminar participants at Washington
Ethical and competent care of suicidal patients: Contemporary challenges, new developments, and considerations for clinical practice.

Clinical work with suicidal patients has become increasingly challenging in recent years. It is argued that contemporary issues related to working with suicidal patients have come to pose a number of considerable professional and even ethical hazards for psychologists. Among various concerns, these challenges include providing sufficient informed consent, performing competent assessments of suicidal risk, using empirically supported treatments/interventions, and using suitable risk management techniques. In summary, there are many complicated clinical issues related to suicide (e.g., improvements in the standard of care, resistance to changing practices, alterations to models of health care delivery, the role of research, and issues of diversity). Three experts comment on these considerations, emphasizing acute versus chronic suicide risk, the integration of empirical findings, effective documentation, graduate training, maintaining professional competence, perceptions of medical versus mental health care, fears of dealing with suicide risk, suicide myths, and stigma/blame related to suicide. The authors’ intention is to raise awareness about various suicide-related ethical concerns. By increasing this awareness, they hope to compel psychologists to improve their clinical practices with suicidal patients, thereby helping to save lives.
A path analytic study of the attitude toward e‐government in Lebanon

The last two years have seen the growing interest in e‐commerce and e‐government in Lebanon. Through a review of literature and related studies, critical factors in peoples’ attitude toward participation in e‐government are uncovered. Empirical evidence indicates that Lebanese people are provided today with automated systems but they lack awareness of e‐government. The cognitive dimension “awareness” is significantly related to the conative dimension “intention to use e‐government” while the affective dimension “feelings” is less significant. The findings of the study reaffirm the importance of investigating future variables.
Reporting Practices in Quantitative Teacher Education Research: One Look at the Evidence Cited in the AERA Panel Report

The authors of this article examine the analytic and reporting features of research articles cited in Studying Teacher Education: The Report of the AERA Panel on Research and Teacher Education (Cochran-Smith & Zeichner, 2005b) that used quantitative reporting practices. Their purpose was to help to identify reporting practices that can be improved to further the creation of the best possible evidence base for teacher education. Their findings indicate that many study reports lack (a) effect sizes, (b) confidence intervals, and (c) reliability and validity coefficients. One possible solution is for journal editors to emphasize clearly the expectations established in Standards for Reporting on Empirical Social Science Research in AERA Publications (AERA, 2006).
Metabolic syndrome induced by anticancer treatment in childhood cancer survivors

The number of childhood cancer survivors is increasing as survival rates improve. However, complications after treatment have not received much attention, particularly metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome comprises central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, and cancer survivors have higher risks of cardiovascular events compared with the general population. The mechanism by which cancer treatment induces metabolic syndrome is unclear. However, its pathophysiology can be categorized based on the cancer treatment type administered. Brain surgery or radiotherapy may induce metabolic syndrome by damaging the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which may induce pituitary hormone deficiencies. Local therapy administered to particular endocrine organs directly damages the organs and causes hormone deficiencies, which induce obesity and dyslipidemia leading to metabolic syndrome. Chemotherapeutic agents interfere with cell generation and growth, damage the vascular endothelial cells, and increase the cardiovascular risk. Moreover, chemotherapeutic agents induce oxidative stress, which also induces metabolic syndrome. Physical inactivity caused by cancer treatment or the cancer itself, dietary restrictions, and the frequent use of antibiotics may also be risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Since childhood cancer survivors with metabolic syndrome have higher risks of cardiovascular events at an earlier age, early interventions should be considered. The optimal timing of interventions and drug use has not been established, but lifestyle modifications and exercise interventions that begin during cancer treatment might be beneficial and tailored education and interventions that account for individual patients' circumstances are needed. This review evaluates the recent literature that describes metabolic syndrome in cancer survivors, with a focus on its pathophysiology.
Creditor Rights, Threat of Liquidation, and Labor-Capital Choice of Firms

In 2002, a legal reform introduced in India allowed secured creditors to seize and liquidate the defaulter’s assets. We study firms’ choice between capital and labor in response to these strengthened creditor rights by exploiting variation in their pre-policy proportion of collateralizable assets. We find that firms increased employment, reduced their capital investments, and substituted secured formal credit with trade credit. These results are consistent with an increased threat of liquidation for firms. We find support for our main results across regions with different pre-policy court efficiency and across industries with different elasticities of substitution between capital and labor.
Analysis of Cell-Free DNA in Maternal Blood in Screening for Aneuploidies: Meta-Analysis

Objective: To review clinical validation or implementation studies of maternal blood cell-free (cf) DNA analysis in screening for aneuploidies and to explore the potential use of this method in clinical practice. Methods: Searches of PubMed and MEDLINE were performed to identify all peer-reviewed articles on cfDNA testing in screening for aneuploidies between 2011, when the first such study was published, and 20 December 2013. Results: Weighted pooled detection rates (DR) and false-positive rates (FPR) in singleton pregnancies were 99.0% (95% CI 98.2-99.6) and 0.08% (95% CI 0.03-0.14), respectively, for trisomy 21; 96.8% (95% CI 94.5-98.4) and 0.15% (95% CI 0.08-0.25) for trisomy 18; 92.1% (95% CI 85.9-96.7) and 0.20% (95% CI 0.04-0.46) for trisomy 13; 88.6% (95% CI 83.0-93.1) and 0.12% (95% CI 0.05-0.24) for monosomy X, and 93.8% (95% CI 85.9-98.7) and 0.12% (95% CI 0.02-0.28) for sex chromosome aneuploidies other than monosomy X. For twin pregnancies, the DR was 94.4% (95% 74.2-99.0) and the FPR was 0% (95% CI 0.00-1.84) for trisomy 21. Conclusion: An analysis of cfDNA in maternal blood provides effective screening for trisomies.
Professional learning during a schools–university partnership Master of Education course: teachers’ perspectives of their learning experiences

An extensive body of research has indicated the benefits of collaborative, contextualised and enquiry-based learning for teachers’ professional development and school improvement. Yet professional learning is also known to be constrained by a number of factors, including the organisational limitations of schools, conflicting cultural practices and wider political demands. Schools–university partnerships have been developed to overcome some of these difficulties by transcending particular school contexts and offering alternative theoretical and practical perspectives. The complex combination of motivations, backgrounds and working contexts in such partnership work calls for attention to the individual and collective learning experiences of those involved, including the ways in which school and university contexts are, or could be, effectively bridged. This paper focuses on understanding the learning experienced by a cohort of teachers and school leaders involved in a two-year schools–university partnership Master of Education (M.Ed.) course in England. A mixed group of 15 experienced primary and secondary teachers and school leaders reflected on their learning at five points of time during and shortly after completing their M.Ed. course. Qualitative analysis of the group’s interview responses and reflective writing led to the identification of six related aspects of personal and professional learning experience: being a learner; learning as part of professional practice; widening repertoire; changing as a learner; personal growth; and critically adaptive practice. The identification and visual representation of these aspects of experience emerging within the group offers useful insight into teachers’ perspectives on learning in school and university contexts and their experiences of progression over time. We conclude that more explicit and central attention to the professional and personal learning elements of schools–university partnerships can help to resolve some of the binary ‘theory–practice’ tensions that have been extensively discussed in relation to partnership programmes and teacher professional development. There is a need to acknowledge variation in teachers’ learning experiences within schools–university partnerships, bearing in mind the ongoing nature of this reflective process with each new group of school and university colleagues. Analysis of participants’ learning experiences in school and university contexts also draws attention to the wider structures, values and cultures that influence, and are influenced by, schools–university partnership work.
Spirituality and Pedagogy: Faculty's Spirituality and Use of Student-Centered Approaches to Undergraduate Teaching

Using data from a national survey of college faculty, this study examines faculty members' preferred teaching practices as one aspect of their professional behavior that may reflect the spiritual dimension of their own lives. Findings show that faculty who are highly spiritual are more likely than their less spiritual colleagues to use student-centered pedagogy. The results have implications both for enhancing understanding of pedagogical practice and addressing faculty personal and professional development issues.