Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Job type and religion as the predictors of discrmination in employment settings

The present study examined the effects of job, applicants’ religion, and gender on selection decision making. Evaluators were 74 people who make employment selection decisions as part of their job. The participants read one of two job descriptions (security guard for a water plant or shipping and receiving clerk), reviewed seven applicant resumes said to have applied for the job, and evaluated the candidates based on information contained in their resumes. Results revealed a job type by religion interaction. Evaluators gave lower rankings and were less likely to interview Muslim applicants for the security guard position than non-Muslim applicants. Muslims and nonMuslims ranking was not significantly different for the shipping and receiving clerk position. Evaluators ranked Muslim candidates higher for the shipping and receiving clerk than they did for water plant security guard position. Muslim applicants also received more invitations to interview for the shipping and receiving clerk position than they had for the security guard position. Results also showed that selection decisionmaking for Muslim applicants is a function of interaction between gender and job type. Although, evaluators gave a lower ranking to the Muslim male applicant for the security guard position than they had for the Muslim female applicant, I found no difference in the decision to interview the two Muslim applicants. I also found no gender difference in the evaluation of the two Muslim candidates for the shipping and receiving clerk job. The results of this study suggest that religious discrimination may exist in organizations, and managers should develop programs to reduce its effects.
Principal-Agent Relationships with Hidden Borrowing and Lending : The First-Order Approach in Two Periods

We provide su cient conditions for the validity of the rst-order approach for two period dynamic moral hazard problems, where the agent can save and borrow secretly. We show that in addition to the concavity requirements for the standard moral hazard problem, non-increasing absolute risk aversion (NIARA) utility functions and Frisch elasticity of leisure less than one imply that the agent's problem is jointly concave in e ort and asset decisions when facing the optimal contract. We also characterize the optimal contract in detail. One of the key observation is that the possibility of hidden asset accumulation makes the supporting tax-transfer system more regressive (or the compensation scheme more convex) under a general class of preferences (HARA).
Lineage specific composition of cyclin D–CDK4/CDK6–p27 complexes reveals distinct functions of CDK4, CDK6 and individual D‐type cyclins in differentiating cells of embryonic origin

Abstract. Objectives: This article is to study the role of G1/S regulators in differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. Materials and methods: We established a P19 embryonal carcinoma cell‐based experimental system, which profits from two similar differentiation protocols producing endodermal or neuroectodermal lineages. The levels, mutual interactions, activities, and localization of G1/S regulators were analysed with respect to growth and differentiation parameters of the cells. Results and Conclusions: We demonstrate that proliferation parameters of differentiating cells correlate with the activity and structure of cyclin A/E–CDK2 but not of cyclin D–CDK4/6–p27 complexes. In an exponentially growing P19 cell population, the cyclin D1–CDK4 complex is detected, which is replaced by cyclin D2/3–CDK4/6–p27 complex following density arrest. During endodermal differentiation kinase‐inactive cyclin D2/D3–CDK4–p27 complexes are formed. Neural differentiation specifically induces cyclin D1 at the expense of cyclin D3 and results in predominant formation of cyclin D1/D2–CDK4–p27 complexes. Differentiation is accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin Ds and CDK4/6, which in neural cells are associated with neural outgrowths. Most phenomena found here can be reproduced in mouse embryonic stem cells. In summary, our data demonstrate (i) that individual cyclin D isoforms are utilized in cells lineage specifically, (ii) that fundamental difference in the function of CDK4 and CDK6 exists, and (iii) that cyclin D–CDK4/6 complexes function in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Our study unravels another level of complexity in G1/S transition‐regulating machinery in early embryonic cells.
Acceptance of health-promoting Brassica vegetables: the influence of taste perception, information and attitudes

Abstract Objective To investigate the relative importance of specific health knowledge and taste on acceptance of Brassica vegetables (broccoli, red and green cabbages, broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts). Design In a sample of adults all reporting medium–high physical activity (as a marker/control of health behaviour) and reporting either low (≤2 portions/d) or high (≥3 portions/d) vegetable intake, half of those with low vegetable consumption (Li group) and half of those with high vegetable consumption (Hi group) received cancer protection information, while the other half did not (Ln and Hn groups), before hedonic (9-point), perceived taste and flavour impact responses (100 mm scales) to samples of six Brassica vegetables were elicited. Additionally, attitudes towards foods for health, pleasure and reward, sociodemographics, intentions to consume the vegetables in the near future and recall of health information were also measured. Subjects Adult males and females (n 200) aged 18–55 years. Setting Central location testing, Adelaide, Australia. Results Information groups Li and Hi reported specific cancer protection information knowledge, in contrast to Ln and Hn groups (P < 0·000). Information independently influenced responses to (the least liked) Brussels sprouts only. Multivariate regression analysis found sensory perception tended to predict liking and intentions to consume Brassica vegetables. For example, broccoli hedonics (adjusted R 2 = 0·37) were predicted (P < 0·05) by bitterness (β = −0·38), flavour (β = 0·31), sweetness (β = 0·17) and female gender (β = 0·19) and intentions to consume (adjusted R 2 = 0·20) were predicted (P < 0·05) by bitterness (β = −0·38), flavour (β = 0·24), female gender (β = 0·20) and vegetable intake (β = 0·14). Conclusions Addressing taste dimensions (while retaining healthy compounds) may be more important than promoting health information in order to increase the popularity of Brassica vegetables.
Human-machine interaction in x-ray screening

This article discusses different ways to enhance human-machine interaction in x-ray screening, especially regarding x-ray image display technology. It represents a summary of the studies conducted as work package 4 of the EU funded VIA project (www.viaproject.eu). First, important theoretical issues regarding the interpretation of x-ray images are discussed. We then explain how to measure x-ray image interpretation competency using tests built into CBT. This is followed by a summary of studies on how to increase the efficiency in x-ray screening using computer-based training (CBT). We then discuss the relevance of so-called image enhancement functions (IEFs) and the value of multi-view x-ray technology. Finally, we present the results of statistical modeling which allowed us to predict x-ray image difficulty and human performance.
Multi-object tracking using sparse representation

Recently sparse representation has been successfully applied to single object tracking by observing the reconstruction error of candidate object with sparse representation. In practice, sparse representation also shows competitive performance on multi-class classification, and thus is potential for multi-object tracking. In this paper we explore this technique for on-line multi-object tracking through a simple tracking-by-detection scheme, with background subtraction for object detection and sparse representation for object recognition. Final experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach only combining color histogram and 2-dimensional coordinates as features, achieves favorable performance over state-of-the-art work in persistent identity tracking.
Wages and Employment Across Skill Groups : An Analysis for West Germany

Introduction. - Basic Trends in Wages and Employment Across Skill Groups: Employment Trends Wage Trends Across and Within Skill Groups Summary Appendix. - A Cohort Analysis of Wage Trends: An Emprirical Framework to Investigate Uniformity of Wage Trends Across Cohorts Estimation Results Summary Appendix. - Wages, Prices, and International Trade: Augmenting the HOS Framework Description of the Data Descriptive Evidence on Wages, Prices, Total Factor Production and International Trade Somewhat More Structural Evidence Conclusions Appendix. - The Skill Structure of Labor Demand: A Translog Approach for Estimating the Skill Structure of Labor Demand Data Empirical Analysis Simulation Results Conclusions Appendix. - Heterogeneous Labor in a Model of Wage Bargaining in West Germany: A Structural Model of Wage Bargaining Data Empirical Analysis Conclusions Appendix. - Epilogue. - Appendix A: The Computation of Censored Quantile Regressions Appendix B: Block Bootstrap Procedure for Robust Inference Appendix C: Details of Data Description.
DETERMINATION OF BLACK HOLE MASSES IN GALACTIC BLACK HOLE BINARIES USING SCALING OF SPECTRAL AND VARIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS

We present a study of correlations between X-ray spectral and timing properties observed from a number of Galactic black hole (BH) binaries during hard–soft state spectral evolution. We analyze 17 transition episodes from eight BH sources observed with Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Our scaling technique for BH mass determination uses a correlation between the spectral index and quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency. In addition, we use a correlation between the index and the normalization of the disk “seed” component to cross-check the BH mass determination and estimate the distance to the source. While the index–QPO correlations for two given sources contain information on the ratio of the BH masses in those sources, the index–normalization correlations depend on the ratio of the BH masses and the distance square ratio. In fact, the index–normalization correlation also discloses the index–mass accretion rate saturation effect given that the normalization of disk “seed” photon supply is proportional to the disk mass accretion rate. We present arguments that this observationally established index saturation effect is a signature of the bulk motion (converging) flow onto a BH, which was early predicted by the dynamical Comptonization theory. We use GRO J1655 − 40 as a primary reference source for which the BH mass, distance, and inclination angle are evaluated by dynamical measurements with unprecedented precision among other Galactic BH sources. We apply our scaling technique to determine BH masses and distances for Cygnus X-1, GX 339 − 4, 4U 1543 − 47, XTE J1550 − 564, XTE J1650 − 500, H 1743 − 322, and XTE J1859 − 226. A good agreement of our results for sources with known values of BH masses and distance provides independent verification for our scaling technique.
MERIT: MEsh of RF sensors for Indoor Tracking

A traditional approach to indoor tracking utilizes non-RF ranging techniques, such as infrared or ultrasound. The problem with these non-RF ranging techniques is that they do not work well when the tracking devices are buried in users' wallets or bags. As a result, there has been considerable interest in using only RF techniques for indoor tracking. Existing RF-only techniques, however, typically require a costly site survey and a floor-plan. In this paper, we present the MERIT system that we designed, implemented, and evaluated. MERIT is significantly different from existing systems in that it is pure RF-based yet it does not require a site survey nor a floor-plan. MERIT tracks users to a room granularity, and it can disambiguate neighboring rooms. This disambiguation is challenging because RF signals can traverse through walls. Also, because of indoor multipath interference, it is difficult to correlate signal strength with distance. In this work, we proposed two techniques for accurate disambiguation: spatial diversity and RF reflector. In our evaluation MERIT achieved an accuracy of 98.9%. MERIT was first conceived for a telecommunication application - intelligent telephone call routing, but it can also be used for other location-aware services
Dome formation by a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line (HCA-7).

A new cell line, HCA-7, has been established from a primary human colonic adenocarcinoma. The HCA-7 cells have an epithelial morphology by phase-contrast microscopy, they secrete carcinoembryonic antigen, and they form adenocarcinomas when injected s.c. into nude mice. HCA-7 cells retain some of the morphological and functional polarity exhibited by normal colonic epithelium. Cells form a polarized epithelial sheet when grown on tissue culture plastic in standard culture medium (Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium with 10% fetal calf serum). The cells were shown to be structurally polarized with sparse microvilli present at the apical surface but absent from the basolateral surface. Cells were connected by apical tight junctions and frequent desmosomes. Confluent monolayers of HCA-7 cells formed "domes" or "hemicysts" due to vectorial fluid transport resulting in fluid accumulation in localized areas of the monolayer. HCA-7 cells will provide a useful system for studying the role of hormones and other factors in the control of transepithelial transport and maintenance of cell polarity.
Factors associated with elevated blood lead concentrations in children in Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVES To confirm whether blood lead concentrations in Karachi were as high as reported in 1989 and to identify which types of exposure to lead contribute most to elevated blood lead concentrations in children in Karachi. METHODS A total of 430 children aged 36-60 months were selected through a geographically stratified design from the city centre, two suburbs, a rural community and an island situated within the harbour at Karachi. Blood samples were collected from children and a pretested questionnaire was administered to assess the effect of various types of exposure. Cooked food, drinking-water and house dust samples were collected from households. FINDINGS About 80% of children had blood lead concentrations 10 g/dl, with an overall mean of 15.6 g/dl. At the 5% level of significance, houses nearer to the main intersection in the city centre, application of surma to children's eyes, father's exposure to lead at workplace, parents' illiteracy and child's habit of hand- to-mouth activity were among variables associated with elevated lead concentrations in blood. CONCLUSION These findings are of public health concern, as most children in Karachi are likely to suffer some degree of intellectual impairment as a result of environmental lead exposure. We believe that there is enough evidence of the continuing problem of lead in petrol to prompt the petroleum industry to take action. The evidence also shows the need for appropriate interventions in reducing the burden due to other factors associated with this toxic element.
Dynamic simulation of an electrorheological fluid

A molecular-dynamics-like method is presented for the simulation of a suspension of dielectric particles in a nonconductive solvent forming an electrorheological fluid. The method accurately accounts for both hydrodynamic and electrostatic interparticle interactions from dilute volume fractions to closest packing for simultaneous shear and electric fields. The hydrodynamic interactions and rheology are determined with the Stokesian dynamics methodology, while the electrostatic interactions, in particular, the conservative electrostatic interparticle forces, are determined from the electrostatic energy of the suspension. The energy of the suspension is computed from the induced particle dipoles by a method previously developed [R. T. Bonnecaze and J. F. Brady, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 430, 285 (1990)]. Using the simulation, the dynamics can be directly correlated to the observed macroscopic rheology of the suspension for a range of the so-called Mason number, Ma, the ratio of viscous to electrostatic forces. The simulation is specifically applied to a monolayer of spherical particles of areal fraction 0.4 with a particle-to-fluid dielectric constant ratio of 4 for Ma=10^−4 to [infinity]. The effective viscosity of the suspension increases as Ma^−1 or with the square of the electric field for small Ma and has a plateau value at large Ma, as is observed experimentally. This rheological behavior can be interpreted as Bingham plastic-like with a dynamic yield stress. The first normal stress difference is negative, and its magnitude increases as Ma^−1 at small Ma with a large Ma plateau value of zero. In addition to the time averages of the rheology, the time traces of the viscosities are presented along with selected "snapshots" of the suspension microstructure. In particular, at small Ma, the suspension dynamics exhibit two distinct motions: a slow elastic-body-like deformation where electrostatic energy is stored, followed by a rapid microstructural rearrangement where energy is viscously dissipated. It is suggested that the observed dynamic yield stress is associated with these dynamics.
Multiple spans in transcription typing.

Transcription typing has been postulated to consist of four components involving (a) input of chunks from the source text, (b) parang of the chunks into discrete characters, (c) translation of the characters into movement specifications, and then (d) execution of those specifications in the form of keystroke responses. This multicomponent perspective on typing implies that it should be possible to identify distinct measures of anticipatory processing that correspond to the different processing components or spans. This prediction was tested, and largely confirmed, in three studies in which typists were administered a variety of experimental tasks to obtain span measures corresponding to the extent of anticipatory processing in different components of typing. As expected, the spans became progressively smaller as the hypothesized processing moved from i&put (with an average span ofS.l characters) to execution (with an average span of only 1.4 characters).
A penalty PALM method for sparse portfolio selection problems

In this paper, we propose a penalty proximal alternating linearized minimization method for the large-scale sparse portfolio problems in which a sequence of penalty subproblems are solved by utilizing the proximal alternating linearized minimization framework and sparse projection techniques. For exploiting the structure of the problems and reducing the computation complexity, each penalty subproblem is solved by alternately solving two projection problems. The global convergence of the method to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point or a local minimizer of the problem can be proved under the characteristic of the problem. The computational results with practical problems demonstrate that our method can find the suboptimal solutions of the problems efficiently and is competitive with some other local solution methods.
Subject requirement , complementizers and optionality in Scandinavian ∗

This paper addresses the issue of optionality in complementizer insertion/drop and related subjectobject asymmetries inn A ́-dependencies, by focusing on the variation attested in Mainland and Insular Scandinavian. On the one hand, there is extensive literature discussing subject/object asymmetries in complementizer insertion/drop in Mainland Scandinavian A'-dependencies. On the other hand, Icelandic does not display such an asymmetry but is the only Scandinavian language with productive Stylistic Fronting, whereas Faroese displays a mixed behavior. This paper proposes a unifying analysis for Mainland Scandinavian, Icelandic and, potentially, Faroese, and argues that SF and SOM insertion are two different strategies to check one of the (at least) two features encoded on the lowest CP head Fin. Such featurechecking mechanism ensures proper anchoring of the clausal semantic content (i.e. event structure and clausal arguments) to the discourse. The account is based on comparative synchronic and diachronic facts, such as recent findings on long extractions in Mainland Scandinavian, with respect to drop/insertion of the complementizer SOM, and the diachronic evolution and loss of SF in Old Swedish (Delsing 2001), by contrast to Icelandic.
The demand for electricity: a survey

This paper presents a survey and critique of the econometric literature on the demand for electricity. Most of the focus is on residential demand, but the few studies analyzing commercial and industrial demand are also reviewed. Special attention is given to the singular features of electricity demand, the fact that electricity is purchased according to multipart decreasing block tariffs, the need to distinguish between demand in the short run and demand in the long run, etc. In particular it is noted that proper modeling of decreasing block tariffs requires inclusion of both a marginal and average price as predictors in the demand function. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research.
The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: blank-field number counts of 450-μm-selected galaxies and their contribution to the cosmic infrared background

The first deep blank-field 450 mu m map (1 sigma approximate to 1.3 mJy) from the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array-2 SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS), conducted with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is presented. Our map covers 140 arcmin(2) of the Cosmological Evolution Survey field, in the footprint of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. Using 60 submillimetre galaxies detected at >= 3.75s, we evaluate the number counts of 450-mu m-selected galaxies with flux densities S-450 > 5 mJy. The 8 arcsec JCMT beam and high sensitivity of SCUBA-2 now make it possible to directly resolve a larger fraction of the cosmic infrared background (CIB, peaking at. similar to 200 mu m) into the individual galaxies responsible for its emission than has previously been possible at this wavelength. At S450 > 5 mJy, we resolve (7.4 +/- 0.7) x 10(-2) MJy sr(-1) of the CIB at 450 mu m (equivalent to 16 +/- 7 per cent of the absolute brightness measured by the Cosmic Background Explorer at this wavelength) into point sources. A further similar to 40 per cent of the CIB can be recovered through a statistical stack of 24 mu m emitters in this field, indicating that the majority (approximate to 60 per cent) of the CIB at 450 mu m is emitted by galaxies with S450 > 2 mJy. The average redshift of 450 mu m emitters identified with an optical/near-infrared counterpart is estimated to be = 1.3, implying that the galaxies in the sample are in the ultraluminous class (LIR approximate to 1.1 x 1012 L approximate to). If the galaxies contributing to the statistical stack lie at similar redshifts, then the majority of the CIB at 450 mu m is emitted by galaxies in the luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) class with LIR > 3.6 x 1011 L-circle dot.