Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OMIP‐046: Characterization of invariant T cell subset activation in humans

THIS panel was developed to characterize the two most commonly studied invariant T cell subsets: mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in humans and measure their expression of exhaustion and activation markers. The panel was optimized and designed for application in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (Table 1). Designed to be used to measure frequency and phenotype of invariant T cell subtypes in acute HIV-1 infection, optimization was performed on chronically HIV-1 infected and uninfected donors and can be applied to a variety of human disease cohorts.
Axial Length and Anterior Segment Alterations in Former Preterm Infants and Full-Term Neonates Analyzed With Scheimpflug Imaging

Purpose: To compare the axial length and anterior segment alterations in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity with those of full-term infants. Methods: The Wiesbaden Prematurity Study investigated 503 participants of former gestational age ⩽32 weeks and gestational age ≥37 weeks now being aged 4 to 10 years. This study included 485 participants in the prospective controlled cross-sectional, hospital-based study with successful Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging. Anterior segment parameters, axial length measurements, and associated factors were analyzed. Results: Corneal thickness did not differ between former preterm and full-term infants. Significant differences were found between preterm and full-term infants now aged ⩽7 years for spherical equivalent, astigmatism, corneal diameter, and axial length. In preterm infants aged ≥8 years compared with full terms of the same age, we found a significant difference only in the corneal diameter. In multivariable analysis of the corneal diameter, we detected an association with birth weight and perinatal adverse events. Astigmatism correlated with birth weight and laser treatment, anterior chamber depth with birth weight, laser treatment and age at examination, and axial length with birth weight and age at examination. Conclusions: This study demonstrated altered axial length and anterior segment morphology in former preterm infants, especially in the first years of life. In addition, we observed that preterm infants seemed to catch up, so that the differences in ocular growth in terms of spherical equivalent, astigmatism, and axial length decreased within the first 8 years of life.
Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Patients With Tönnis Grade 1 Osteoarthritis at a Minimum 5-Year Follow-up: A Matched-Pair Comparison With a Tönnis Grade 0 Control Group

Background: Studies on midterm outcomes of the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tears with mild osteoarthritis (OA) are limited. Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of the arthroscopic treatment of FAI and labral tears in patients with mild preoperative OA (Tönnis grade 1) at a minimum 5-year follow-up, and to perform a matched-pair comparison to a control group with Tönnis grade 0. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were prospectively collected on patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery between February 2008 and April 2011. Inclusion criteria were arthroscopic treatment for FAI and labral tears and having preoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, including the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain. Exclusion criteria were workers’ compensation claims, preoperative Tönnis grade ≥2, and previous hip conditions (ipsilateral surgery, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, avascular necrosis, and dysplasia). Patients with minimum 5-year outcomes were eligible for matching on a 1:1 ratio (Tönnis grade 0 vs 1) based on age ±5 years, body mass index ±5 kg/m2, sex, labral treatment, and capsular treatment. Results: Of 356 eligible hips, 292 hips had minimum 5-year outcomes (82%). Eighty-five hips with Tönnis grade 1 were evaluated. At 5-year follow-up, patients with Tönnis grade 1 had significant improvements in all PRO and VAS scores (P < .0001). The overall satisfaction score was 8.2. The survivorship rate with respect to conversion to total hip arthroplasty for the Tönnis grade 1 group was 69.4% at 5 years, while in the Tönnis grade 0 group, it was 88.4% (P = .0002). Sixty-two hips with Tönnis grade 0 were matched to 62 hips with Tönnis grade 1. Both groups demonstrated improvements in all PRO and VAS scores from preoperatively to postoperatively (P < .0001). No significant differences existed between preoperative or postoperative scores or survivorship between the groups. Conclusion: The arthroscopic treatment of FAI and labral tears in patients with Tönnis grade 1 had good results at 5-year follow-up. After controlling for other variables using a matched-pair comparison, patients with Tönnis grade 1 had similar, durable improvements to those with Tönnis grade 0. While strict surgical indications and appropriate expectations are recommended for patients with mild OA, Tönnis grade 1 alone should not be considered a contraindication to hip arthroscopic surgery.
When Less Is More: Evolutionary Origins of the Affect Heuristic

The human mind is built for approximations. When considering the value of a large aggregate of different items, for example, we typically do not summate the many individual values. Instead, we appear to form an immediate impression of the likeability of the option based on the average quality of the full collection, which is easier to evaluate and remember. While useful in many situations, this affect heuristic can lead to apparently irrational decision-making. For example, studies have shown that people are willing to pay more for a small set of high-quality goods than for the same set of high-quality goods with lower-quality items added [e.g. 1]. We explored whether this kind of choice behavior could be seen in other primates. In two experiments, one in the laboratory and one in the field, using two different sets of food items, we found that rhesus monkeys preferred a highly-valued food item alone to the identical item paired with a food of positive but lower value. This finding provides experimental evidence that, under certain conditions, macaque monkeys follow an affect heuristic that can cause them to prefer less food. Conservation of this affect heuristic could account for similar ‘irrational’ biases in humans, and may reflect a more general complexity reduction strategy in which averages, prototypes, or stereotypes represent a set or group.
Control of Electrical Resistivity in Silicon Carbide Ceramics Sintered with Aluminum Nitride and Yttria

The electrical properties of β-SiC ceramics were found to be adjustable through appropriate AlN–Y2O3 codoping. Polycrystalline β-SiC specimens were obtained by hot pressing silicon carbide (SiC) powder mixtures containing AlN and Y2O3 as sintering additives in a nitrogen atmosphere. The electrical resistivity of the SiC specimens, which exhibited n-type character, increased with AlN doping and decreased with Y2O3 doping. The increase in resistivity is attributed to Al-derived acceptors trapping carriers excited from the N-derived donors. The results suggest that the electrical resistivity of the β-SiC ceramics may be varied in the 104–10−3 Ω·cm range by manipulating the compensation of the two impurity states. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the specimens was found to evolve with the addition of dopants. The presence of N-donor and Al-acceptor states within the band gap of 3C–SiC could be identified by analyzing the PL data.
Developing a New Generation of Ongoing Diabetes Self-management Support Interventions

Purpose The study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of an innovative, community-based, ongoing self-management intervention aimed at enhancing and sustaining self-care behaviors over the long term among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methods Sixty-two African American men and women completed the study. Participants were invited to attend 24 weekly, consecutive, diabetes self-management support/ education groups. The flow of the weekly group sessions was guided by questions and concerns of the patients. Baseline and 6-month follow-up metabolic functioning, lipid profiles, cardiovascular functioning, and self-care behaviors were assessed. Results Ninety percent (n = 56) of the sample attended at least 1 session; 40% attended at least 12 or more sessions. Paired t tests found significant improvements in body mass index (P< .001), total cholesterol (P< .01), high density lipoprotein (P< .05), and low-density lipoprotein (P< .001). Significant increases were also found for self-care behaviors (P< .05). Conclusions Preliminary evidence suggests that participation in this weekly problem-based, self-management support intervention can yield diabetes-related health benefits.
Targeting 160 Candidate Genes for Blood Pressure Regulation with a Genome-Wide Genotyping Array

The outcome of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) has challenged the field of blood pressure (BP) genetics as previous candidate genes have not been among the top loci in these scans. We used Affymetrix 500K genotyping data of KORA S3 cohort (n = 1,644; Southern-Germany) to address (i) SNP coverage in 160 BP candidate genes; (ii) the evidence for associations with BP traits in genome-wide and replication data, and haplotype analysis. In total, 160 gene regions (genic region±10 kb) covered 2,411 SNPs across 11.4 Mb. Marker densities in genes varied from 0 (n = 11) to 0.6 SNPs/kb. On average 52.5% of the HAPMAP SNPs per gene were captured. No evidence for association with BP was obtained for 1,449 tested SNPs. Considerable associations (P<10−3) were detected for the genes, where >50% of HAPMAP SNPs were tagged. In general, genes with higher marker density (>0.2 SNPs/kb) revealed a better chance to reach close to significance associations. Although, none of the detected P-values remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P<0.05/2319, P<2.15×10−5), the strength of some detected associations was close to this level: rs10889553 (LEPR) and systolic BP (SBP) (P = 4.5×10−5) as well as rs10954174 (LEP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (P = 5.20×10−5). In total, 12 markers in 7 genes (ADRA2A, LEP, LEPR, PTGER3, SLC2A1, SLC4A2, SLC8A1) revealed considerable association (P<10−3) either with SBP, DBP, and/or hypertension (HYP). None of these were confirmed in replication samples (KORA S4, HYPEST, BRIGHT). However, supportive evidence for the association of rs10889553 (LEPR) and rs11195419 (ADRA2A) with BP was obtained in meta-analysis across samples stratified either by body mass index, smoking or alcohol consumption. Haplotype analysis highlighted LEPR and PTGER3. In conclusion, the lack of associations in BP candidate genes may be attributed to inadequate marker coverage on the genome-wide arrays, small phenotypic effects of the loci and/or complex interaction with life-style and metabolic parameters.
A content based framework for mass retrieval in mammograms

In the recent years, there has been a phenomenal growth in the volume of digital mammograms produced in hospitals and medical centers. Thus, there is a need to create efficient access methods or retrieval tools to search, browse and retrieve images from large repositories to aid diagnoses and research. This paper presents a Content Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR) system for mass retrieval in mammograms using a two stage framework. Also, for mass segmentation, a semi-automatic method based on Seed Region Growing approach is proposed. Shape features are extracted at the first stage to find similar shape lesions and the second stage further refines the results by finding similar pathology bearing lesions using texture features. Various shape features used in this study are Compactness, Convexity, Spicularity, Radial Distance (RD) based features, Zernike Moments (ZM) and Fourier Descriptors (FD). The texture of mass lesions is characterized by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features, Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) features and Fourier Power Spectrum (FPS) features. In this paper, feature selection is done by Correlation based Feature Selection (CFS) technique to select the best subset of shape and texture features as high dimensionality of feature vector may limit computational efficiency. This study used the IRMA Version of DDSM LJPEG data to evaluate the retrieval performance of various shape and texture features. From the experimental results, it has been found that the proposed CBMIR system using merely the compactness or shape features selected by CFS provided better distinction among four categories of mass shape (Round, Oval, Lobulated and Irregular) at the first stage and FPS based texture features provided better distinction between pathology (Benign and Malignant) at the second stage.
Identified GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus Share Similar Response Properties

GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) play a critical role in auditory information processing, yet their responses to sound are unknown. Here, we used optogenetic methods to characterize the response properties of GABAergic and presumed glutamatergic neurons to sound in the IC. We found that responses to pure tones of both inhibitory and excitatory classes of neurons were similar in their thresholds, response latencies, rate-level functions, and frequency tuning, but GABAergic neurons may have higher spontaneous firing rates. In contrast to their responses to pure tones, the inhibitory and excitatory neurons differed in their ability to follow amplitude modulations. The responses of both cell classes were affected by their location regardless of the cell type, especially in terms of their frequency tuning. These results show that the synaptic domain, a unique organization of local neural circuits in the IC, may interact with all types of neurons to produce their ultimate response to sound. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the inferior colliculus (IC) in the auditory midbrain is composed of different types of neurons, little is known about how these specific types of neurons respond to sound. Here, for the first time, we characterized the response properties of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the IC. Both classes of neurons had diverse response properties to tones but were overall similar, except for the spontaneous activity and their ability to follow amplitude-modulated sound. Both classes of neurons may compose a basic local circuit that is replicated throughout the IC. Within each local circuit, the inputs to the local circuit may have a greater influence in determining the response properties to sound than the specific neuron types.
A 52–57 GHz 6-Bit Phase Shifter With Hybrid of Passive and Active Structures

It is very hard to realize a 6-bit resolution millimeter-wave phase shifter whether by passive structure or by active structure. A 52–57 GHz 6-bit phase shifter with hybrid of passive and active structures is proposed. The switched LC phase shifter is adopted for the passive structure because of its compact size, and the vector-sum phase shifter is chosen for the active structure in the 6-bit phase shifter. The proposed 6-bit phase shifter uses the passive structure to realize 5.625° and 11.25° phase shifts and uses the active structure to realize the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N \times 22.5^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase shifts. Implemented in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 40-nm CMOS technology, the 6-bit phase shifter has a RMS error <3.76° and a RMS gain error <2.23 dB at 52–57 GHz. The proposed 6-bit millimeter-wave phase shifter achieves a high phase resolution with a compact size. The core die occupies an area of 500 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 300\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and consumes about 13 mA from a 1.1-V supply.
Hydrogen absorption and excess heat in a constantan wire with nanostructured surface

A constantan wire with a diameter of 200 microns and 25 cm length, previously treated to induce the formation of two nanostructured layers on its surface, was used for excess heat tests in hydrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. From ambient temperature up to a maximum temperature of 350 °C, the reactor and wire main parameters were monitored (heater power, wire resistance and temperature, chamber temperature, hydrogen pressure, ambient temperature). Overcoming 150 °C, was observed a substantial decrease of the wire resistance, as already highlighted in previous experiments with similar material (Fig. 1) [1]. Conversely, using a material without a nanostructuring surface treatment, the change in resistance of the wire was found to be negligible. Several tests with inert material were used to make the thermal reactor calibration; then using the surface treated wire, after the stabilization of the resistance value, it was observed a decrease of the heater power needed to reach temperatures higher than 170 °C in comparison with those for the reactor calibration, with the higher deviation at 350 °C (1.2 W). An EDX analysis of the active wire after a “positive “ test (with excess heat) showed the presence in areas with surface morphological alteration of elements unrelated to the original composition of constantan wire. The elements found are the same also highlighted by other researchers in similar test conditions, but with different materials. Similar findings were also observed with thin films of palladium in deuterium or hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature, but with the hydrogen atmosphere only with irradiation by means of low-power HeNe laser [2].
The First Molecular Phylogeny of Strepsiptera (Insecta) Reveals an Early Burst of Molecular Evolution Correlated with the Transition to Endoparasitism

A comprehensive model of evolution requires an understanding of the relationship between selection at the molecular and phenotypic level. We investigate this in Strepsiptera, an order of endoparasitic insects whose evolutionary biology is poorly studied. We present the first molecular phylogeny of Strepsiptera, and use this as a framework to investigate the association between parasitism and molecular evolution. We find evidence of a significant burst in the rate of molecular evolution in the early history of Strepsiptera. The evolution of morphological traits linked to parasitism is significantly correlated with the pattern in molecular rate. The correlated burst in genotypic-phenotypic evolution precedes the main phase of strepsipteran diversification, which is characterised by the return to a low and even molecular rate, and a period of relative morphological stability. These findings suggest that the transition to endoparasitism led to relaxation of selective constraint in the strepsipteran genome. Our results indicate that a parasitic lifestyle can affect the rate of molecular evolution, although other causal life-history traits correlated with parasitism may also play an important role.
An Adaptive Least-Squares FEM for Linear Elasticity with Optimal Convergence Rates

Adaptive mesh-refining is of particular importance in computational mechanics and established here for the lowest-order locking-free least-squares finite element scheme which solely employs conforming $P_1$ approximations for the displacement and lowest-order Raviart--Thomas approximations for the stress variables. This forms a competitive discretization in particular in three-dimensional linear elasticity with traction boundary conditions although the stress approximation does not satisfy the symmetry condition exactly. The paper introduces an adaptive mesh-refining algorithm based on separate marking and exact solve with some novel explicit a posteriori error estimator and proves optimal convergence rates. The point is robustness in the sense that the crucial input parameters $\Theta$ for the Dorfler marking and $\kappa$ for the separate marking as well as the equivalence constants in the asymptotic convergence rates do not degenerate as the Lame parameter $\lambda$ tends to $\infty$.
Epinephrine Use during Newborn Resuscitation

Epinephrine use in the delivery room for resuscitation of the newborn is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence for optimal dose, timing, and route of administration of epinephrine during neonatal resuscitation comes largely from extrapolated adult or animal literature. In this review, we provide the current recommendations for use of epinephrine during neonatal resuscitation and also the evidence behind these recommendations. In addition, we review the current proposed mechanism of action of epinephrine during neonatal resuscitation, review its adverse effects, and identify gaps in knowledge requiring urgent research.
Adapting to Stress: Understanding the Neurobiology of Resilience

ABSTRACT There is significant variation in the way individuals react and respond to extreme stress and adversity. While some individuals develop psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder or major depressive disorder, others recover from stressful experiences without displaying significant symptoms of psychological ill-health, demonstrating stress-resilience. To understand why some individuals exhibit characteristics of a resilient profile, the interplay between neurochemical, genetic, and epigenetic processes over time needs to be explained. In this review, we examine the hormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits associated with resilience and vulnerability to stress-related disorders. We debate how this increasing body of knowledge could also be useful in the creation of a stress-resilient profile. Additionally, identification of the underlying neurobiological components related to resilience may offer a contribution to improved approaches toward the prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders.
Multiple speaker tracking with the GLMB filter

In this paper we propose a new solution to the problem of tracking multiple speakers from multiple microphone arrays in a reverberant acoustic environment. The acoustic environment with its complex reflection patterns with its underlying data association uncertainty pose the two most significant challenges in the multi-speaker tracking problem. We provide an approach that employs individual Time Difference of Arrival measurements collected by pairs of microphones in using multiple distributed pairs in conjunction with the Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) tracker. The distributed measurements together with the GLMB tracking filter exploits the spatiotemporal correlation of the true sources from data frame to data frame, whereas the spurious measurements arising from reverberations exhibit no temporal consistency as the speakers move in the room.
Black phosphorus saturable absorber for Q-switched technique pulse generation

This paper reported a passive Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) using two-dimensional (2D) material of black phosphorus saturable absorber (BP-SA). The maximum output power reached is 3.54 mW, which is generated by pump power of 42.327 mW. The results show that, a stable pulse was generated with repetition rate starts at about 9.606 kHz and ends at about 44.72 kHz, and very narrow pulse width between 40.01 μs and 9.84 μs and pulse energy 80 nJ. Clearly, the stability of the Q-switched pulse train was achieved because the BP-SA film was inserted in the laser ring cavity.