Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systems engineering approach to validation of a pulmonary physiology simulator for clinical applications

Physiological simulators which are intended for use in clinical environments face harsh expectations from medical practitioners; they must cope with significant levels of uncertainty arising from non-measurable parameters, population heterogeneity and disease heterogeneity, and their validation must provide watertight proof of their applicability and reliability in the clinical arena. This paper describes a systems engineering framework for the validation of an in silico simulation model of pulmonary physiology. We combine explicit modelling of uncertainty/variability with advanced global optimization methods to demonstrate that the model predictions never deviate from physiologically plausible values for realistic levels of parametric uncertainty. The simulation model considered here has been designed to represent a dynamic in vivo cardiopulmonary state iterating through a mass-conserving set of equations based on established physiological principles and has been developed for a direct clinical application in an intensive-care environment. The approach to uncertainty modelling is adapted from the current best practice in the field of systems and control engineering, and a range of advanced optimization methods are employed to check the robustness of the model, including sequential quadratic programming, mesh-adaptive direct search and genetic algorithms. An overview of these methods and a comparison of their reliability and computational efficiency in comparison to statistical approaches such as Monte Carlo simulation are provided. The results of our study indicate that the simulator provides robust predictions of arterial gas pressures for all realistic ranges of model parameters, and also demonstrate the general applicability of the proposed approach to model validation for physiological simulation.
The Influence of Temporal Orientation and Affective Frame on Use of Ethical Decision-Making Strategies

This study examined the role of temporal orientation and affective frame in the execution of ethical decision-making strategies. In reflecting on a past experience or imagining a future experience, participants thought about experiences that they considered either positive or negative. The participants recorded their thinking about that experience by responding to several questions, and their responses were content-analyzed for the use of ethical decision-making strategies. The findings indicated that a future temporal orientation was associated with greater strategy use. Likewise, a positive affective frame was associated with greater strategy use. Future orientation may permit better strategy execution than a past orientation because it facilitates more objective, balanced contemplation of the reflected-upon situation and minimizes potential self-threat associated with past behavior. A positive affective frame likely improves strategy execution because it facilitates active analysis of the experience. Future directions and implications of these findings are discussed.
Examining Relationships Among Dialect Variation and Emergent Literacy Skills

This study examined the relationship between nonmainstream American English (NMAE) dialect use and various emergent literacy skills among typically developing children in prekindergarten. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between children’s production of NMAE forms (i.e., dialect variation [DVAR]) and their alphabet knowledge, name writing, print concepts, and phonological awareness. The sample of 4-year-olds was diverse: 57.6% were African American and 33.3% participated in free and reduced lunch programs. Moderate, negative significant correlations were found between DVAR and all measures, except name writing. However, with the exception of nursery rhyme awareness, DVAR did not independently contribute to children’s performance when it was entered into regression models with related emergent literacy skills as predictor variables. The results suggest an indirect role for NMAE use in emergent literacy achievement and that frequency of spoken NMAE production may be secondary to children’s metalinguistic skills.
Molecular Marker Study of Particulate Organic Matter in Southern Ontario Air

To study the origins of airborne particulate organic matter in southern Ontario, molecular marker concentrations were studied at Hamilton, Simcoe, and York Gateway Tunnel, representing industrial, rural, and heavy traffic sites, respectively. Airborne particulate matter smaller than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter was collected on quartz filters, and the collected samples were analyzed for total carbons, 5-6 ring PAHs, hopanes, n-alkanes (C20 to C34), and oxygenated aromatic compounds. Results showed that PAH concentrations at all three sites were highly correlated, indicating vehicular emissions as the major source. Meanwhile, in the scatter plots of α,β-hopane and trisnorhopane, concentrations displayed different trends for Hamilton and Simcoe. The slopes of the linear regressions for Hamilton and the tunnel were statistically the same, while the slope for Simcoe was significantly different from those. Comparison with literature values revealed that the trend observed at Simcoe was explained by the influence from coal combustion. We also found that the majority of oxygenated aromatic compounds at both sites were in the similar level, possibly implying secondary products contained in the southern Ontario air. Regardless of some discrepancies, absolute principal component analysis applied to the datasets could reproduce those findings.
Simultaneous method for analyzing dimerization and signaling of G‐protein‐coupled receptor in yeast by dual‐color reporter system

Understanding the role of G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) dimerization in cellular function has now become a major research focus. The potentially large functional and physiological diversity of dimerization among GPCRs is expected to provide opportunities for novel drug discovery. However, there is currently a lack of cell‐based assays capable of specific profiling for the functional consequences of dimerization linked to ligand‐mediated signaling. Here, we present an advanced method to simultaneously analyze the dimerization and ligand response of GPCRs using two yeast‐based systems for split‐ubiquitin two‐hybrid assay and G‐protein signaling assay. To permit simultaneous detection, we established a two‐color (dual‐color) fluorescence reporter gene assay using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and a far‐red derivative of the tetrameric fluorescent protein DsRed‐Express2 (E2‐Crimson). In the present study, we tested our method first by analyzing dimerization and ligand‐mediated signaling by the yeast endogenous pheromone receptor (Ste2p). Second, we showed that the system facilitated mutational analysis of domains involved in dimerization and signaling by Ste2p. Third, we successfully demonstrated that the system could simultaneously monitor homo‐ and hetero‐dimerization and somatostatin‐induced signaling in the test case of the human SSTR5 somatostatin receptor. Our strategy is expected to provide a useful tool for the elucidation of molecular biological functions of GPCR dimers and for the screening of GPCR dimer‐specific agonistic ligands. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 586–596. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of affect and reasoning in a patient with a delusion of misidentification

Introduction. This study investigated a patient with a delusion of misidentification (DM) resembling a Capgras delusion. Instead of the typical Capgras delusion - the false belief that someone has been replaced by an almost identical impostor - patient MF misidentified his wife as his former business partner. Method. Detailed investigation of MF's face processing, affective response and affect perception, and ability to evaluate, and reject, implausible ideas was undertaken. Results. MF's visual processing of identity, gender, and age of familiar and unknown faces was intact but he was unable to identify the facial expressions of anger, disgust, and fear, or to match faces across expressions. MF also showed a reduced affective responsiveness to his environment, and impaired reasoning ability. Conclusions. We propose that MF's delusion of misidentification resulted from a combination of affective deficits, including impairment of both affective response and affect perception, in addition to an inability to evaluate, and reject, implausible ideas. These deficits, in combination with specific life events at the time of onset of the delusion, may have contributed to the form and content of the delusion. In addition, the results raise the possibility that the processing of face identity and facial expression are not as independent as previously proposed in models of face processing.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 1993 THE CONTRIBUTION OF SHARED KNOWLEDGE TO IS GROUP PERFORMANCE

A major issue facing managers of Information Systems organizations is the increasing pressure to demonstrate the business value of the firm' s investment in information technology. The working relationship between the IS group and other diverse organizational groups can have a major contribution to increasing IS performance. This paper explores the concept of shared knowledge between IS groups and their line customers as a contributor to IS performance. Shared knowledge is achieved through Ihe mechanisms of mutual trust and influence between these groups. The relationship of mutual trust, influence, and shared knowledge with IS performance is tested empirically using path analysis in a study of eighty-six IS organizations. The results of this study show that shared knowledge mediates the relationship between IS performance and trust and influence and that increasing levels of shared knowledge between IS and line groups leads to increased IS performance. Recommendations are given for ways managers can develop mutual trust and influence between these diverse groups, and therefore achieve higher levels of shared knowledge and IS performance.
A Strategy for Short-Term Load Forecasting by Support Vector Regression Machines

This paper presents a generic strategy for short-term load forecasting (STLF) based on the support vector regression machines (SVR). Two important improvements to the SVR based load forecasting method are introduced, i.e., procedure for generation of model inputs and subsequent model input selection using feature selection algorithms. One of the objectives of the proposed strategy is to reduce the operator interaction in the model-building procedure. The proposed use of feature selection algorithms for automatic model input selection and the use of the particle swarm global optimization based technique for the optimization of SVR hyper-parameters reduces the operator interaction. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed modeling strategy, the model has been trained and tested on two publicly available and well-known load forecasting data sets and compared to the state-of-the-art STLF algorithms yielding improved accuracy.
Conflict management and effectiveness in virtual teams

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of goal‐oriented attitudes and behaviors as antecedents of conflict management and the subsequent impact of conflict management on team outcomes in virtual teams. Of particular interest is the role of “commitment to team goals” as a predictor of successful conflict management and the subsequent impact of conflict management on team outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the results from a quasi‐experimental study examining the relationships among commitment to team goals, conflict management and team outcomes in virtual teams. First, it provides an in depth review of relevant empirical findings. Next, it describes a study examining the relationships between three sets of variables: commitment to team goals; conflict management; and team outcomes (performance and attitudinal) in the context of virtual teams. Data were collected from 141 students grouped in 39 teams size 3 to 4 that were part of four cohorts of an Engineering Management cour.
The CATDAT damaging earthquakes database

The global CATDAT damaging earthquakes and secondary effects (tsunami, fire, landslides, liquefaction and fault rupture) database was developed to validate, re- move discrepancies, and expand greatly upon existing global databases; and to better understand the trends in vulnerabil- ity, exposure, and possible future impacts of such historic earthquakes. Lack of consistency and errors in other earthquake loss databases frequently cited and used in analyses was a major shortcoming in the view of the authors which needed to be improved upon. Over 17 000 sources of information have been utilised, primarily in the last few years, to present data from over 12 200 damaging earthquakes historically, with over 7000 earthquakes since 1900 examined and validated before in- sertion into the database. Each validated earthquake includes seismological information, building damage, ranges of social losses to account for varying sources (deaths, injuries, home- less, and affected), and economic losses (direct, indirect, aid, and insured). Globally, a slightly increasing trend in economic dam- age due to earthquakes is not consistent with the greatly increasing exposure. The 1923 Great Kanto ($214 billion USD damage; 2011 HNDECI-adjusted dollars) compared to the 2011 Tohoku (>$300 billion USD at time of writing), 2008 Sichuan and 1995 Kobe earthquakes show the increas- ing concern for economic loss in urban areas as the trend should be expected to increase. Many economic and social loss values not reported in existing databases have been col- lected. Historical GDP (Gross Domestic Product), exchange rate, wage information, population, HDI (Human Develop- ment Index), and insurance information have been collected globally to form comparisons.
An Assessment of the Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction and Service Friendliness

Service friendliness has often been assumed to increase customer satisfaction, but that relationship has seldom been experimentally analyzed due to the difficulty of obtaining high customer satisfaction response rates. Consequently, a customer satisfaction data collection system, designed to yield a high customer response rate, was employed in a branch of Shawmut Bank where the relation between process-bank teller service friendlienss, and outcome-customer satisfaction was examined. Additionally, the effect of feedback on service friendliness was examined. Subjects were three tellers whose rates of greeting and smiling and looking at their customers during the first three seconds of the service interaction were obtained by direct observation. Satisfaction data were gathered by asking customers to rate teller service immediately following the interaction by depositing chips into a survey box located in the bank lobby. A customer satisfaction response rate of 99% was obtained using the chips method. Additio.
Mood disorders: cardiovascular and diabetes comorbidity

Purpose of review Depression is often associated with medical comorbidity. New research quantifies patterns of mood disorder in illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, evaluates the prognostic significance of mood symptoms, and seeks to identify common mechanisms for both mood and medical disease. This review provides recent findings on comorbidity, summarizes mechanistic hypotheses, and outlines developments in treatment and services. Recent findings Depression occurs in up to one-quarter of patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Depressed patients with heart disease have poorer medical outcomes including increased risk of reinfarction and all-cause mortality. Patients with diabetes and depression have poorer glycemic control, more diabetes symptoms, and greater all-cause mortality. Depression is associated with both biological (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation) and psychosocial processes (adherence, poorer diet, and exercise) that may mediate adverse medical outcomes. Antidepressant treatments are effective in treating depression in medically ill patients, but their impact on medical outcomes remains to be quantified. Summary Depression, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are among the most common chronic illnesses affecting an aging population. Depression is treatable in patients with medical illnesses, and collaborative care models can yield better detection and depression treatment in primary care settings in which most patients with depression are seen.
Exploring the Potential of WorldView-2 Red-Edge Band-Based Vegetation Indices for Estimation of Mangrove Leaf Area Index with Machine Learning Algorithms

To accurately estimate leaf area index (LAI) in mangrove areas, the selection of appropriate models and predictor variables is critical. However, there is a major challenge in quantifying and mapping LAI using multi-spectral sensors due to the saturation effects of traditional vegetation indices (VIs) for mangrove forests. WorldView-2 (WV2) imagery has proven to be effective to estimate LAI of grasslands and forests, but the sensitivity of its vegetation indices (VIs) has been uncertain for mangrove forests. Furthermore, the single model may exhibit certain randomness and instability in model calibration and estimation accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to explore the sensitivity of WV2 VIs for estimating mangrove LAI by comparing artificial neural network regression (ANNR), support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR). The results suggest that the RFR algorithm yields the best results (RMSE = 0.45, 14.55% of the average LAI), followed by ANNR (RMSE = 0.49, 16.04% of the average LAI), and then SVR (RMSE = 0.51, 16.56% of the average LAI) algorithms using 5-fold cross validation (CV) using all VIs. Quantification of the variable importance shows that the VIs derived from the red-edge band consistently remain the most important contributor to LAI estimation. When the red-edge band-derived VIs are removed from the models, estimation accuracies measured in relative RMSE (RMSEr) decrease by 3.79%, 2.70% and 4.47% for ANNR, SVR and RFR models respectively. VIs derived from red-edge band also yield better accuracy compared with other traditional bands of WV2, such as near-infrared-1 and near-infrared-2 band. Furthermore, the estimated LAI values vary significantly across different mangrove species. The study demonstrates the utility of VIs of WV2 imagery and the selected machine-learning algorithms in developing LAI models in mangrove forests. The results indicate that the red-edge band of WV2 imagery can help alleviate the saturation problem and improve the accuracy of LAI estimation in a mangrove area.
2D self-assembly of phenylene–vinylene tectons at the liquid–highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface: from chain length effects to anisotropic guest–host dynamics

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of new phenylene–vinylene tectons. The study by scanning tunneling microscopy of their supramolecular self-assembly at the interface between a phenyloctane solution and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite demonstrates that variation of concentration and length of alkyl chains led to the formation of different networks, a compact one and a nanoporous one, with a fine control of the lattice parameters. The study of guest–host properties of the nanoporous network revealed a selectivity toward guest compounds according to their shape and size. Moreover, the statistical analysis of pore-to-pore guest dynamics evidences an anisotropic diffusion process.
Local Development and Heritage: Traditional Food and Cuisine as Tourist Attractions in Rural Areas

This paper analyses the transformation and redefinition of local identity in rural France from the perspective of heritage – more precisely food and gastronomy – and local rural tourism. As an identity marker of a geographic area and/or as a means of promoting farm products, gastronomy meets the specific needs of consumers, local producers and other actors in rural tourism. The paper considers the meaning of food from a theoretical perspective. The current interest in traditional food and cuisine is part of a general desire for authentic experiences. At the regional level, the dynamics of building up heritage consist in actualizing, adapting, and re-interpreting elements from the past, thus combining conservation and innovation. Local development can be seen as a process of territorial and heritage construction. Culinary heritage is a social construction and an important resource for local action. The paper examines the case of the Haut Plateau de l’Aubrac (Central France), where the local development process is closely linked to the valorization and the re-creation of gastronomic knowledge and skill.
Dialética do sabor: alimentação, ecologia e vida cotidiana em comunidades ribeirinhas da Ilha de Ituqui, Baixo Amazonas, Pará

Few aspects of human life are so deeply connected with basic survival and, at the same time, with symbolic and socially constructed elements than food. This paper presents and analyses data on food choice among the inhabitants of Ituqui Island, Lower Amazon, Para state. The staples on Ituqui Island are represented by the traditional Amazonian combination of fish and farinha (manioc flour). It is also apparent an effort of diversification concomitantly to ways of cotemporizing the continuities of everyday life with social constructions of class, which appear to shape the processes of food choice and consumption. Even though, there is not a positive correlation between high status foods and the staples. In addition, many discursive ways of representing food appear to contradict the social practices, which are characterized by flexibility and negotiation of sociopolitical domains. Such domains include the household and community micro-politics as well as broader political-economy contexts of regional and transnational markets. Thus, through these mediating qualities potential forces of change and conflict are accommodated. In conclusion, the ways we de-codify our physical experiences and biological needs engage into a dialectical relation with our social desires and habitual structures, which can only be understood when the contextual conditions of the moment of action are contemplated.
The Association Between Coparenting and Child Adjustment: A Meta-Analysis

SYNOPSIS Objective . The present meta-analysis examines the relation between coparenting and child adjustment. Design . The authors integrate 59 studies and differentiate among cooperation, agreement, conflict, and triangulation as dimensions of coparenting. Further, they differentiate internalizing and externalizing symptoms, social functioning of children, and attachment as outcomes. Results . Effect sizes were generally small and, to some extent, moderated by age of the children, percentage of girls in the sample, clinical background of the sample, mono-informant bias, annual family income, and percentage of separated parents. Effect sizes remained significant after controlling for individual parenting or marital quality. Coparenting predicted change in child adjustment. Conclusions . Coparenting is important for the psychological adjustment of children. Research and practice should pay further regard to this construct.