Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common Due-Date Problem: Linear Algorithm for a Given Job Sequence

This work presents a study on the general case of the Common Due-Date scheduling problem (CDD). The CDD is a problem of scheduling and sequencing a certain number of jobs with different processing times on a single machine against a common due-date. The objective of the problem is to minimize the total penalty incurred due to earliness or tardiness of the jobs. This work presents a novel property for the CDD which implies that in any given job sequence (also the optimal job sequence) of the CDD the position of the due-date is independent to the processing times of the jobs. Thereafter, we put forward an exact polynomial algorithm to optimize a given job sequence with a run-time complexity of O(n), where n is the number of jobs. Henceforth, we implement our polynomial algorithm in conjunction with a modified Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm to obtain the optimal or best job sequence. The effectiveness of our approach is evident from our results for the benchmark instances provided in the OR-library.
Object Categorization Using VFA-generated Nodemaps and Hierarchical Temporal Memories

Object categorization and recognition have proved to be difficult tasks in artificial intelligence for several decades. With the recent emergence of biologically inspired soft-computing methods, promising results in specialized application domains are more and more common. In this paper, we propose a novel object categorization method based on statistical properties of nodes -derived from the VFA model -and hierarchical temporal memories. A referential categorization method, obtained by feeding grayscale pixel levels to hierarchical temporal memories, is used to evaluate the model's performance. Results show that categorization based on the statistics of nodes seems to yield higher success rates. This is in correspondence with Biederman's conjecture in his theory of recognition by components (RBC), according to which the statistics of nodes, end points and corners carry essential and sufficient information for object recognition [1]. The first section of this paper consists of a brief introduction, in which we restate the formal definition of the VFA model, as well as present its node-filtering applications. This will be followed by a presentation of the HTM theory for size-and orientation-invariant object representation. Finally, we give a detailed case study in which a hierarchical temporal memory is used to distinguish between two, as well as several object categories.
Information-Seeking Strategies to Reduce Uncertainty in a Distance Relationship

การวจยนมงศกษาความสมพนธของครกทงทยงไมไดแตงงานและแตงงานแลว โดยมวตถประสงคของการวจยเพอมงตรวจสอบเหตการณทกอใหเกดความลงเลหรอความไมแนใจในความสมพนธของครกทอยหางไกลกนครกทอยหางไกลกนไดพดถงความลงเลหรอความไมแนใจในขณะนนไวอยางไร และสำรวจกลยทธซงครกทอยหางไกลกนนำไปปฏบตเพอลดความลงเลหรอความไมแนใจทอาจจะเกดขนไดในทก ๆ ขนตอนของความสมพนธ การเกบรวบรวมขอมลใชการสมภาษณเชงลกกบนกศกษาชาวเอเชยจำนวน 9 คน ซงกำลงศกษาอยทวทยาลยนานาชาตในประเทศไทย ผลการวจยแสดงใหเหนวา สาเหตของความลงเลหรอความไมแนใจในความสมพนธระหวางครกทอยหางไกลกนกคอ ความแตกตางดานเวลา การสอสารทนอยลง และความหวงกงวลเกยวกบเรองลกของพวกเขา นอกจากนนครกทอยหางไกลกนไดใหคำแนะนำวา เทคโนโลยทางการสอสารถอเปนเครองมอทมความสำคญซงจะชวยใหครกทอยหางไกลกนสามารถรกษาปฏสมพนธกบครกของพวกเขาไวได ความอดทนอดกลนกเปนสงสำคญสำหรบการรกษาความสมพนธระหวางครกดวยเชนกน บคคลทมครกทอยหางไกลกนควรจะมความอดทนกบสถานการณซงอาจจะเปนสาเหตของความลงเลหรอความไมแนใจระหวางคของตน และควรใหความใกลชดกบลก ๆ เพอทวาจะไดไมเกดความรสกแตกแยกจากครอบครว สำหรบประเดนทเกยวของกบการหาขอมลขาวสารเพอลดความลงเลหรอความไมแนใจในความสมพนธของครกทอยหางไกลกน ผลการศกษาชใหเหนวา ครกทใชวธเปดเผยตนเองและมความเหนอกเหนใจในความรสกของครกจะสามารถรกษาความสมพนธกบครกของตนไวได ในทางตรงกนขามครกทใชการแสดงความหมายโดยนยหรอใชถอยคำภาษาทออมคอมไมตรงไปตรงมามแนวโนมทจะเลกรากบครกของตน This research specifically focused on studying distance romantic relationships (e.g, dating and marital relationships). The purpose of this research was to examine events that provoke uncertainty in a distance romantic relationship and how people in such a relationship addressed moments of uncertainty. Furthermore, this study investigated the strategies that people in distance romantic relationships execute to diminish uncertainty that might occur at every stage of such a relationship. In-depth interviews with nine Asian students studying at international colleges in Thailand were conducted to attain the purposes of this research. The findings revealed that the causes of uncertainty between partners in a distance romantic relationship were: time difference, less than normal communication, and concern about their children. Moreover, people in a distance romantic relationship suggested that communication technologies were significant instruments to help them maintain interaction with their partners. This study further demonstrated that patience was also important for maintaining relationship. People in a distance romantic relationship should be patient with circumstances that may cause uncertainty between partners and stay close to their children so that they would not feel disconnected from their family. Conversely, people who communicated indirectly or by implication were more likely to disengage from their romantic partners.
Efficient concurrent transmission scheduling for cooperative millimeter wave systems

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising technology to provide high data rates (multiGigabit) for indoor multimedia applications. However, indoor mmWave links are highly susceptible to blockage because of the limited ability to diffract around obstacles such as the human body and furniture. In order to realize high-rate reliable transmission, cooperative communication is utilized to tackle with the scenarios where LOS link of source node and destination node is blocked. Specifically, with directional antenna, we first select the node in the feasible region with best achievable rate of cooperative communication as the cooperative relay. Then, cooperative concurrent transmission scheduling is formulated as an optimization problem to maximize the transmission efficiency. A flip-based heuristic scheduling algorithm is proposed to obtain the real-time solution. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed cooperative concurrent transmission scheduling (CCTS) scheme can significantly increase the transmission throughput and utilize network resource efficiently while maintaining network connectivity.
The interconnectedness between well-being and the natural environment

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to determine participants' perceptions of the positive influence of the natural environment on their well-being. Through a qualitative study, semistructured interviews were held with selected participants who enjoy activities in the natural environment. From the data analysis, particular themes emerged, namely the multidimensionality of well-being; how to achieve well-being; the influence of the natural environment on well-being, and the kind of thoughts and feelings experienced when in a natural environment. Further research is recommended on the perceptions of people who do not enjoy interacting with the natural environment and their perceptions of well-being.
Lucas and Anti-Lucas Paradoxes

The capital-output ratio is more than 40% lower in the poor countries than in the richest ones. Comparing TFP in manufacturing and in the economy at large, we show that the Balassa-Samuelson effect explains the bulk of this scarcity: TFP in manufacturing is indeed about 40% lower than TFP in the aggregate economy. This discrepancy is one for one translated into higher prices of equipment goods, which explains that capital is scarce in volume, but not in value terms. This quantifies our interpretation of the Lucas paradox. When focusing on manufacturing, a tradable sector for which relative prices differences should not be essential, the initial paradox is actually turned into an anti-Lucas paradox: it is in the poorest countries that the capital output ratio is higher.We argue that lack of productive infrastructure is essential in explaining this anti-paradox. We finally examine the role of institutional quality. We show that public capital under provision, as reflected in low levels of infrastructure stock, is the key channel through which poor institutions hamper capital accumulation
Vermarktlichung und Individualisierung - Zur Produktion von Ungleichheit in der Zweiten Moderne

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Kratzer, N. (2006). Vermarktlichung und Individualisierung Zur Produktion von Ungleichheit in der Zweiten Moderne. In K. -S. Rehberg (Hrsg.), Soziale Ungleichheit, kulturelle Unterschiede: Verhandlungen des 32. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in München. Teilbd. 1 und 2 (S. 540-552). Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verl. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-145159
Heterozygosity for a Hypomorphic Polβ Mutation Reduces the Expansion Frequency in a Mouse Model of the Fragile X-Related Disorders

The Fragile X-related disorders (FXDs) are members of the Repeat Expansion Diseases, a group of human genetic conditions resulting from expansion of a specific tandem repeat. The FXDs result from expansion of a CGG/CCG repeat tract in the 5’ UTR of the FMR1 gene. While expansion in a FXD mouse model is known to require some mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, our previous work and work in mouse models of another Repeat Expansion Disease show that early events in the base excision repair (BER) pathway play a role in the expansion process. One model for repeat expansion proposes that a non-canonical MMR process makes use of the nicks generated early in BER to load the MMR machinery that then generates expansions. However, we show here that heterozygosity for a Y265C mutation in Polβ, a key polymerase in the BER pathway, is enough to significantly reduce both the number of expansions seen in paternal gametes and the extent of somatic expansion in some tissues of the FXD mouse. These data suggest that events in the BER pathway downstream of the generation of nicks are also important for repeat expansion. Somewhat surprisingly, while the number of expansions is smaller, the average size of the residual expansions is larger than that seen in WT animals. This may have interesting implications for the mechanism by which BER generates expansions.
A function-blocking CD47 antibody suppresses stem cell and EGF signaling in triple-negative breast cancer

CD47 is a signaling receptor for thrombospondin-1 and the counter-receptor for signal-regulatory protein-α (SIRPα). By inducing inhibitory SIRPα signaling, elevated CD47 expression by some cancers prevents macrophage phagocytosis. The anti-human CD47 antibody B6H12 inhibits tumor growth in several xenograft models, presumably by preventing SIRPα engagement. However, CD47 signaling in nontransformed and some malignant cells regulates self-renewal, suggesting that CD47 antibodies may therapeutically target cancer stem cells (CSCs). Treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast CSCs with B6H12 decreased proliferation and asymmetric cell division. Similar effects were observed in T47D CSCs but not in MCF7 breast carcinoma or MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Gene expression analysis in breast CSCs treated with B6H12 showed decreased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the stem cell transcription factor KLF4. EGFR and KLF4 mRNAs are known targets of microRNA-7, and B6H12 treatment correspondingly enhanced microRNA-7 expression in breast CSCs. B6H12 treatment also acutely inhibited EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Expression of B6H12-responsive genes correlated with CD47 mRNA expression in human breast cancers, suggesting that the CD47 signaling pathways identified in breast CSCs are functional in vivo. These data reveal a novel SIRPα-independent mechanism by which therapeutic CD47 antibodies could control tumor growth by autonomously forcing differentiation of CSC.
Learning in Public: Faculty and Student Opinions About Social Media in the Classroom

For communication instructors charged with safely and constructively educating students, incorporating social media in communication coursework presents a variety of problems. Among them are how to grade social media and how to respond to students’ social media mistakes, knowing these mistakes and corrections could follow students into their careers. This project surveyed journalism faculty (n = 125) and students (n = 323) to learn how each assess the challenges and opportunities of using social media in journalism coursework. Both groups expressed concerns about privacy, but faculty were also concerned about the legal consequences of students making mistakes publicly online.
The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills.

Three bodies of research that have developed in relative isolation center on each of three kinds of phonological processing: phonological awareness, awareness of the sound structure of language; phonological receding in lexical access, receding written symbols into a sound-based representational system to get from the written word to its lexical referent; and phonetic receding in working memory, recoding written symbols into a sound-based representational system to maintain them efficiently in working memory. In this review we integrate these bodies of research and address the interdependent issues of the nature of phonological abilities and their causal roles in the acquisition of reading skills. Phonological ability seems to be general across tasks that purport to measure the three kinds of phonological processing, and this generality apparently is independent of general cognitive ability. However, the generality of phonological ability is not complete, and there is an empirical basis for distinguishing phonological awareness and phonetic recoding in working memory. Our review supports a causal role for phonological awareness in learning to read, and suggests the possibility of similar causal roles for phonological recoding in lexical access and phonetic recoding in working memory. Most researchers have neglected the probable causal role of learning to read in the development of phonological skills. It is no longer enough to ask whether phonological skills play a causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. The question now is which aspects of phonological processing (e.g., awareness, recoding in lexical access, recoding in working memory) are causally related to which aspects of reading (e.g., word recognition, word analysis, sentence comprehension), at which point in their codevelopment, and what are the directions of these causal relations?
The Expression of Inflammatory Genes Is Upregulated in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Our previous gene expression microarray studies identified a number of genes differentially expressed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoantibody-positive subjects. This study was designed to validate these gene expression changes in T1D patients and to identify gene expression changes in diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGH AND METHODS We performed high-throughput real-time RT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a large sample set of 928 T1D patients and 922 control subjects. RESULTS Of the 18 genes analyzed here, eight genes (S100A8, S100A9, MNDA, SELL, TGFB1, PSMB3, CD74, and IL12A) had higher expression and three genes (GNLY, PSMA4, and SMAD7) had lower expression in T1D patients compared with control subjects, indicating that genes involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and antigen processing and presentation are significantly altered in PBMCs from T1D patients. Furthermore, one adhesion molecule (SELL) and three inflammatory genes mainly expressed by myeloid cells (S100A8, S100A9, and MNDA) were significantly higher in T1D patients with complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.3–2.6, adjusted P value = 0.005–10−8), especially those patients with neuropathy (OR 4.8–7.9, adjusted P value <0.005). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that inflammatory mediators secreted mainly by myeloid cells are implicated in T1D and its complications.
The Prognostic Significance of Apoptosis-Related Biological Markers in Chinese Gastric Cancer Patients

Background and Objective The prognosis varied among the patients with the same stage, therefore there was a need for new prognostic and predictive factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of apoptosis-related biological markers such as p53, bcl-2, bax, and c-myc, and clinicopathological features and their prognostic value. Methods From 1996 to 2007, 4426 patients had undergone curative D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Among 501 patients, the expression levels of p53, bcl-2, bax, and c-myc were examined by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of biological markers and the correlation between biological markers and other clinicopathological factors were investigated. Results There were 339 males and 162 females with a mean age of 57. The percentages of positive expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and c-myc were 65%, 22%, 43%, and 58%, respectively. There was a strong correlation between p53, bax, and c-myc expression (P = 0.00). There was significant association between bcl-2, and bax expression (P<0.05). p53 expression correlated with histological grade (P = 0.01); bcl-2 expression with pathological stage (P = 0.00); bax expression with male (P = 0.02), histological grade (P = 0.01), Borrmann type (P = 0.01), tumor location (P = 0.00), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.03), and pathological stage (P = 0.03); c-myc expression with Borrmann type (P = 0.00). bcl-2 expression was related with good survival in univariate analysis (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that bcl-2 expression and pathological stage were defined as independent prognostic factors. There were significant differences of overall 5-year survival rates according to bcl-2 expression or not in stage IIB (P = 0.03). Conclusion The expression of bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer; it might be a candidate for the gastric cancer staging system.
The Effect of Life Expectancy on Risk Aversion

In this paper we investigate the effect of life expectancy on risk attitude in an artificial multi-agent world, which is a variant of the sugarscape [2]. Our basic approach i s evolutionary in that we encode risk attitude as a gene within the agents that undergoes variation and sele ction and perform simulations to see the evolved (i.e., presumed optimal) values of this gene/attit ude under different conditions. We observe that agents that have much to loose (i.e., their “eternal life”) e volve a more risk averse type of behavior than agents with a limited life span.
The Expression of Carnosine and Its Effect on the Antioxidant Capacity of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Pigs Exposed to Constant Heat Stress

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of constant high ambient temperatures on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and carnosine expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. Castrated 24 male DLY (crossbreeds between Landrace×Yorkshire sows and Duroc boars) pigs were allocated to one of three treatments: constant ambient temperature at 22°C and ad libitum feeding (CON, n = 8); constant high ambient temperature at 30°C and ad libitum feeding (H30, n = 8); and constant ambient temperature at 22°C and pair-fed with H30 (PF, n = 8). Meat quality, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant capacity, carnosine content, and carnosine synthetase (CARNS1) mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured after three weeks. The results revealed that H30 had lower pH24 h, redness at 45 min, and yellowness at 24 h post-mortem (p<0.05), and higher drip loss at 48 h and lightness at 24 h post-mortem (p<0.01). Constant heat stress disrupted the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in longissimus dorsi muscle with higher MDA content (p<0.01) and lower antioxidant capacity (p<0.01). Carnosine content and CARNS1 mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of H30 pigs were significantly decreased (p<0.01) after three weeks at 30°C. In conclusion, constant high ambient temperatures affect meat quality and antioxidant capacity negatively, and the reduction of muscle carnosine content is one of the probable reasons.
Protective Effects of Vasodilatory Βeta-Blockers Carvedilol and Nebivolol against Glycerol Model of Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis (RM)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) accounts for about 10–40% of all cases of ARF. AIM: The present study investigated the possible protective effect of two nitric oxides (NO)-releasing third generation β-blockers, carvedilol (Carv) and nebivolol (Nebi), against RM-mimicking glycerol (Gly)-induced ARF in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After 24 h dehydration, rats received a single dose of 50% Gly (8 ml/kg, im). They were treated with vehicle, Carv (2.5 mg/kg/day, po) or Nebi (10 mg/kg, po) for 3 successive days starting from an hour prior to Gly injection. Evaluation of blood pressure and locomotor activity was performed during the experiment. 72 h following Gly administration, total protein in the urine, serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, sodium and potassium as well as the renal contents of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and NO were assessed, together with a histopathological examination of renal tissues. RESULTS: Carv and Nebi attenuated Gly-induced renal dysfunction and histopathological alterations. They decreased the Gly-induced oxidative stress and increased renal NO concentration. Restoration of normal blood pressure and improvement of locomotor activity were also observed. CONCLUSION: The results clearly demonstrate protective effects of Carv and Nebi against renal damage involved in RM-induced ARF and suggest a role of their antioxidant and NO-releasing properties.
An Exploration of Differences in Response to Music Related to Levels of Psychological Health in Adolescents

Popular music plays a significant role in the lives of most adolescents. The central question explored is whether three groups of adolescents (psychiatrically ill, depressed, and non-clinical adolescents) differed on self-reported data on: (a) the role of popular music in their lives, and (b) in their emotional reactions to music. The next question is whether the developmental issues of gender and personality consolidation, age, and school commitment simultaneously influence how the three groups of adolescents use music in their lives and in their emotional reactions to music. The last question is whether the three groups have significantly different music preferences in the five genres of popular (rap, pop/dance, heavy metal/hard rock, classic rock, and alternative). There were 126 subjects employed in this research. I created the Walker Music Questionnaire (WMQ) to explore the role and importance that music plays in the lives of the adolescents. A factor analysis