Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Pedestrian Visibility and Assertiveness on Motorist Yielding

Factors expected to influence yielding by motorists to a pedestrian waiting to cross a city street were examined. The subjects were 160 motorists passing through a marked crosswalk. The motorists were significantly more likely to stop for an assertive pedestrian who entered the crosswalk than for a passive pedestrian who remained on the sidewalk. Motorist yielding was also greater for a brightly clothed pedestrian than for a drably clothed pedestrian.
Near-Optimal Algorithms for Controlling Propagation at Group Scale on Networks

Given a network with groups, such as a contact-network grouped by ages, which are the best groups to immunize to control the epidemic? Equivalently, how to choose best communities in social media like Facebook to stop rumors from spreading? Immunization is an important problem in multiple different domains like epidemiology, public health, cyber security, and social media. Additionally, clearly immunization at group scale (like schools and communities) is more realistic due to constraints in implementations and compliance (e.g., it is hard to ensure specific individuals take the adequate vaccine). Hence, efficient algorithms for such a “group-based” problem can help public-health experts take more practical decisions. However, most prior work has looked into individual-scale immunization. In this paper, we study the problem of controlling propagation at group scale. We formulate a set of novel Group Immunization problems for multiple natural settings (for both threshold and cascade-based contagion models under both node-level and edge-level interventions) and develop multiple efficient algorithms, including provably approximate solutions. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our methods via extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling of Gemcitabine-Sensitive and Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Objectives Gemcitabine resistance (GR) is one of the critical issues for therapy for pancreatic cancer, but the mechanism still remains unclear. Our aim was to increase the understanding of GR by metabolic profiling approach. Methods To establish GR cells, 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, SUIT-2 and CAPAN-1, were exposed to increasing concentration of gemcitabine. Both parental and chemoresistant cells obtained by this treatment were subjected to metabolic profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Multivariate statistical analyses, both principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, distinguished metabolic signature of responsiveness and resistance to gemcitabine in both SUIT-2 and CAPAN-1 cells. Among significantly different (P < 0.005) metabolite peaks between parental and GR cells, we identified metabolites related to several metabolic pathways such as amino acid, nucleotide, energy, cofactor, and vitamin pathways. Decreases in glutamine and proline levels as well as increases in aspartate, hydroxyproline, creatine, and creatinine levels were observed in chemoresistant cells from both cell lines. Conclusions These results suggest that metabolic profiling can isolate distinct features of pancreatic cancer in the metabolome of gemcitabine-sensitive and GR cells. These findings may contribute to the biomarker discovery and an enhanced understanding of GR in pancreatic cancer.
Teaching the Global Dimension : Key Principles and Effective Practice

Part 1: The Global Dimension 1. Responding to the World Dave Hicks 2. Principles and Precedents Dave Hicks 3. Young People's Concerns Cathie Holden 4. Student Teachers' Views Cathie Holden 5. Controversial Issues Cathie Holden Part 2: Key Concepts 6. Conflict Resolution Lynn Davies 7. Social Justice Ange Grunsell 8. Values and Perceptions Robin Richardson 9. Sustainable Development Ros Wade 10. Interdependence Teresa Garlake 11. Human Rights Margot Brown 12. Diversity Hilary Claire 13. Global Citizenship Julia Tanner Part 3: The Global Classroom 14. The Wider World in the Primary School Fran Martin 15. Global Citizenship in Secondary School Harriet Marshall
Prometastatic Genes in Medulloblastoma and Several other S 100 A 4 ERBB 2 UpRegulates Updated

Medulloblastoma is frequently disseminated throughout the central nervous system by the time of diagnosis. Conventional therapeutic approaches have not reduced the high mortality associated with metastatic medulloblastoma and little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that promote tumor invasion. Previously, we reported that overexpression of ERBB2 in medulloblastoma is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Here, we demonstrate that ERBB2 overexpression increases the migration of medulloblastoma cells across basement membranes in vitro. Furthermore, using microarray expression profiling, we show that ERBB2 up-regulates the expression of prometastatic genes in medulloblastoma cells. These include S100A4, which was previously shown to promote metastasis of breast cancer. We demonstrate that S100A4 is a direct target of ERBB2 signaling in medulloblastoma cells via a pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT1, and extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 and that levels of ERBB2 and S100A4 are tightly correlated in samples of primary medulloblastoma. Finally, we show that ERBB2-dependent medulloblastoma cell invasion in vitro and prometastatic gene expression in vivo can be blocked using the ERBB tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-774. These data identify an ERBB2 driven prometastatic pathway that may provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metastatic medulloblastoma.
Statistical Results of the Power Gap Between Lower‐Band and Upper‐Band Chorus Waves

The primary power gap of chorus waves is statistically investigated using 7‐year waveform data from THEMIS probes for the first time. Overall, ~2/3 of chorus events have a power gap between the lower and upper bands. Both the gap frequency and the frequency bandwidth of the gap have a broad distribution, which peaks at frequencies of ~0.49fce and ~0.07fce, respectively. The gap frequency tends to increase with increasing |MLAT| (magnetic latitude), while the frequency width gradually increases with L‐shell. In most of banded events, the peak frequency of upper band is roughly twice that of lower band. Two types of events are studied. For Type I events, one population is located around Pup/Plow = 10−1, and the other is around Pup/Plow = 10−3. However, Type II events are roughly concentrated around Pup/Plow = 10−3. The gap frequency positively correlates with the frequency of upper band. Our study provides detailed observational constraints on potential mechanisms of the power gap formation.
Kawashima and the changing focus on Japanese legal consciousness: a selective history of the sociology of law in Japan

Abstract Kawashima's well-known arguments on Japanese legal consciousness represent characteristic concerns of Japanese socio-legal scholarship: comparison between Japan and the West on the one hand, and law and practice on the other. Such concerns originated much earlier, before World War II. Suehiro, the early founder, relied on Ehrlich's idea of living law to make law fit social reality. In contrast, Kawashima urged Japanese people to make modern law ‘our living law’. He also argued that Japanese consciousness was the main cause of the small volume of litigation. This thesis became a focus of empirical research by Japanese and foreign scholars. Kawashima played a significant role in establishing the sociology of law as a subject in law. In subsequent empirical studies, Kawashima's thesis has been critically assessed. Yet the sociology of law as an empirical science and the characteristic concerns his work represents are distinctive features of the sociology of law in Japan.
THE LARGE DEVIATIONS OF ESTIMATING RATE-FUNCTIONS

Given a sequence of bounded random variables that satisfies a well known mixing condition, it is shown that empirical estimates of the rate-function for the partial sums process satisfies the large deviation principle in the space of convex functions equipped with the Attouch-Wets topology. As an application, a large deviation principle for estimating the exponent in the tail of the queuelength distribution at a single server queue with infinite waiting space is proved.
Stimulation‐Dependent Recycling of Integrin β1 Regulated by ARF6 and Rab11

In comparison to the internalization pathways of endocytosis, the recycling pathways are less understood. Even less defined is the process of regulated recycling, as few examples exist and their underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, we examine the endocytic recycling of integrin β1, a process that has been suggested to play an important role during cell motility by mediating the redistribution of integrins to the migrating front. External stimulation regulates the endocytic itinerary of β1, mainly at an internal compartment that is likely to be a subset of the recycling endosomes. This stimulation‐dependent recycling is regulated by ARF6 and Rab11, and also requires the actin cytoskeleton in an ARF6‐dependent manner. Consistent with these observations being relevant for cell motility, mutant forms of ARF6 that affect either actin rearrangement or recycling inhibit the motility of a breast cancer cell line.
Promoting pro‐environmental behaviour: collection of used batteries by secondary school pupils

This research is based on Kollmuss and Agyeman’s mode, and aims to determine if the prerequisites for pro‐environmental behaviour, such as the collection of used batteries at school, are ethical, cognitive and environmental. A questionnaire/opinionnaire was given to 102, 14–17‐year‐olds to gather data on: (1) their current recycling habits, (2) their environmental values, (3) their level of knowledge about the harmful effect of used batteries on the environment, (4) their attitude towards collecting used batteries, (5) their attachment to the neighbourhood, (6) their perceived behavioural control and finally (7) their intention to act. The number of used batteries brought by each school child was recorded over a four‐month period. Results show that young people’s behaviour of collecting used batteries can be predicted by ethical (pro‐environmental values), affective (neighbourhood attachment) and cognitive (perceived behavioural control) variables (R 2 = .38; p > .01).
Enabling features of Psychologically Informed Planned Environments

The NOMS Directorate of Commissioning and Commercial supports effective policy development and operational delivery within the National Offender Management Service and Ministry of Justice by conducting and commissioning high-quality social research and statistical analysis. We aim to publish information to add to the evidence-base and assist with informed debate. Disclaimer The views expressed are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by the Ministry of Justice (nor do they represent Government policy). You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Sarah Bridgland, Kirk Turner and Jess Haskins at NOMS for their support and guidance throughout the study. Thanks also to those at NOMS who provided comments and guidance on early findings and report outputs. At NatCen Social Research, we would like to thank Tom Kenny and Helen Ranns for their assistance with fieldwork and data analysis, and Sara Scott for her support during analysis and reporting. Finally, we are extremely grateful to the staff and residents at each of the case study PIPEs who participated in this research, as well as those who helped to organise the fieldwork.
Exact geometry of a Kerr-Taub-NUT solution of string theory

In this paper we study a solution of heterotic string theory corresponding to a rotating Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime. It has an exact CFT description as a heterotic coset model, and a Lagrangian formulation as a gauged WZNW model. It is a generalization of a recently discussed stringy Taub-NUT solution, and is interesting as another laboratory for studying the fate of closed timelike curves and cosmological singularities in string theory. We extend the computation of the exact metric and dilaton to this rotating case, and then discuss some properties of the metric, with particular emphasis on the curvature singularities.
Regulatory idiotypes. T helper cells recognize a shared VH idiotope on phosphorylcholine-specific antibodies

Priming of BALB/c mice with phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin (PC-Hy) induces T helper cells that are detected in splenic fragment cultures responding to immunization with trinitrophenylated PC-binding myeloma proteins, TEPC 15 (TNP-T15) and MOPC 167 (TNP-M167). Trinitrophenylation did not alter the binding site, idiotype, or isotype of the antibodies as demonstrated by binding studies. To assay idiotype-recognizing helper cells, Ly-2.2-depleted T cells from PC-Hy- primed donor mice were transferred to syngeneic athymic mice. Splenic anti-trinitrophenol fragment cultures were prepared from the nude recipients, and the response to TNP-T15 and TNP-M167 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of responding fragments is dependent on the number of transferred primed T cells. The homing efficiency of 51Cr-labeled helper cells into the spleen of nude recipients was determined. The frequencies of T helper cells taken from PC-Hy-primed donors required for a B cell response to TNP-T15 or TNP- M167 were indistinguishable. The fine specificity of the anti-PC idiotype-recognizing T helper cells was studied by adding hapten (PC) or unconjugated myeloma proteins to fragment cultures as inhibitors at the time of immunization. PC and PC-bovine serum albumin, as well as T15 and M167, inhibited the helper function in vitro. Furthermore, free heavy chains of T15 and M167 partially inhibited T help, but free light chains of both idiotypes had no effect. These findings collectively show that T helper cells, induced by priming with antigen, recognize a shared idiotypic determination on T15 and M167 that is part of the PC binding site. The heavy chains of T15 and M167 appears to be the major structural component of this determinant. Evidently, T helper cells can recognize a shared determinant that is present on idiotypically different myeloma proteins. This determinant appears to be conserved throughout evolutionary and somatic mutations. The role of this shared, binding site-related idiotypic determinant as a regulatory idiotype in T-B cell interaction is discussed.
Interpersonal dependency and insecure attachment in spouse-abusive men

The prevalence of dependence and insecure attachment was investigated in a sample of 93 courtand self-referred spouse-abusive men using the Insecure Attachment and Submissiveness scales of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire as well as the Dependent Personality Disorder scale of the Personality Disorder Examination. Results indicated that the prevalence of dependence was no higher than that found in the general population. In contrast, the spouse-abusive men were found to be significantly more insecurely attached when compared with a nonabusive sample of men. In addition, the prevalence of abusive men who scored sigmficantly high on insecure attachment was approximately 25%. Further analyses found that insecure attachment correlated sigdicantly with scales measuring overall violence, emotional abuse, dominance/isolation, interpersonal jealousy, and borderline, dependent, and sadistic personality disorders. In contrast, dependence had negligible correlations with the above variables with the exception of dependent personality disorder. Further analyses using the Relationship Scales Questionnaire indicate that the f e h l attachment style correlated sigdicantly with borderline personality disorder and social avoidance whereas the preoccupied attachment style correlated with insecure attachment and verbal abuse. For the most part, however, specific attachment styles did not relate significantly to spouse abusive behaviours, interpersonal jealousy, or personality disorder. The results contradict previous observations and empirical findings which contend that dependence is an important variable in understanding. The present findings support the hypotheses that much of what has been termed dependence in the spouse assault literature (i.e., fears of abandonment) is best described as insecure attachment. The implications of the present findings for clinical practice were discussed. In addition, limitations of the present study as well as hrther research needs were identified.
Task Type and Independent Learning

Considerable research has been conducted into the affective and environmental factors which influence learner autonomy (Masgoret & Gardner, 2003; Benson & Lor, 1999). This study focuses on the impact of different task types on learner autonomy, as related to self-efficacy (after Bandura, 1996) and motivation. Participants included a cohort of tertiary students who voluntarily undertook a noncredit bearing „self directed learning programme‟ in their summer break. Qualitative data was generated by surveys and focus group discussions. The study examined the extent to which students‟ development of autonomy was shaped differently by structured/closed or unstructured/open-ended tasks. It was found that while the students‟ confidence was enhanced by tackling structured tasks, the task itself could be associated with a continued dependence. Conversely, the open-ended task had the potential to stimulate and encourage a deeper sense of self-efficacy and autonomy.
Ultradilute Ag-aquasols with extraordinary bactericidal properties: role of the system Ag–O–H2O

Abstract We first establish the literature on the use of ultradilute aquasols as extraordinary, powerful, bactericidal inorganic agents equal to most commercial antibiotics. These findings provide the rationale for a major role for inorganic materials scientists to contribute the insights unique to their field for new, safer health vectors. The focus of this preliminary paper is exclusively on the materials science of 2-phase stable sols at ultradilute concentrations near 1 at. -ppm. We analyze the solid and liquid phases for the first time in detail using standard materials science analysis tools. The solid phase is analyzed using DTA, TGA, XRD, SEM, and TEM, and the liquid water phase is analyzed using FTIR, UV–VIS, and Raman spectroscopy. There are at least three crystalline phases in the system Ag–O: Ag, Ag2O, and Ag4O4, which are stable in air. In an aqueous environment between 0 and 100°C there is evidence that various combinations of metal, oxides, and possible 'oxy-hydroxide' complexes exist. Similarly, data from Raman and UV–VIS spectroscopy show definite changes in the structure of the water host. These results, in a preliminary way, are parallel to the many empirical observations made by physicians for the last 100 years on the use of metallic silver and water in various combinations for human health.
An Integrated Temporal Model of Belief and Attitude Change: An Empirical Test With the iPad

: Bhattacherjee and Premkumar (2004) propose a temporal model of belief and attitude change to understand fluctuating patterns of information technology (IT) usage. However, they overlook the role of perceived enjoyment in the process of temporal IT usage. Perceived enjoyment has become an increasingly important part of how consumers assess technology. Thus, we build on Bhattacherjee and Premkumar’s model (BP model) and propose a new model by investigating the comparative role of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived enjoyment (PE) for explaining temporal changes in users’ beliefs and attitudes toward IT usage. We name our proposed model the integrated temporal model (ITM). Through an empirical study of iPad usage in a classroom setting at three different stages, we found that 1) the effect of PE on PU was stronger at the pre-usage (vs. post-usage) stage and that its effect was stronger at the initial-usage (vs. later-usage) stage; 2) while PE has a stronger effect than PU on attitude at both pre-usage and initial-usage stages, that was not the case at the later-usage stage; instead, the effect of PU on attitude was stronger at the later-usage (vs. initial-usage) stage; 3) the effect of disconfirmation on modified PU and PE was stronger at the initial (vs. later) stage, while the effect of PU and PE expectation on modified PU and PE was weaker at the initial (vs. later) stage. Our study extends the BP model to IT with hedonic elements (i
Eating disorders in males: a comparison with female patients

It is controversial whether males and females with eating disorders differ in a relevant way. We present a comparison of 30 male and 30 female patients assessed at The Maudsley Hospital in 2.5 years. Of the male group 33 per cent were anorexic, 50 per cent were bulimic, and 17 per cent met criteria for an eating disorder not otherwise specified. The female sample was matched to the males by diagnosis. Male and female patients are essentially similar, in particular there are no differences in severity of eating disorder. However, homosexuality appears to be more frequent among males. Moreover, males with an eating disorder show a stronger psychiatric co-morbidity and a higher rate of suicide attempts. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
High‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast

A case of high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast with a dominantly epidermoid component is presented. The tumour was biochemically oestrogen and progesterone receptor negative. Though the primary tumour was small (1 cm) and without axillary lymph node metastases at mastectomy, the clinical course was rapid. Despite radio‐, chemo‐ and hormonal therapy the patient died 25 months after mastectomy with widespread systemic disease. The metastatic pattern was that of typical breast carcinoma despite the unusual histological appearance of both primary and metastatic tumour tissue.