Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of hyperoxia on muscle metabolic responses and the power–duration relationship during severe‐intensity exercise in humans: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Severe‐intensity constant‐work‐rate exercise results in the attainment of maximal oxygen uptake, but the muscle metabolic milieu at the limit of tolerance (Tlim) for such exercise remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that Tlim during severe‐intensity exercise would be associated with the attainment of consistently low values of intramuscular phosphocreatine ([PCr]) and pH, as determined using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, irrespective of the work rate and the inspired O2 fraction. We also hypothesized that hyperoxia would increase the asymptote of the hyperbolic power–duration relationship (the critical power, CP) without altering the curvature constant (W′). Seven subjects (mean ±s.d., age 30 ± 9 years) completed four constant‐work‐rate knee‐extension exercise bouts to the limit of tolerance (range, 3–10 min) both in normoxia (N) and in hyperoxia (H; 70% O2) inside the bore of 1.5 T superconducting magnet. The [PCr] (∼5–10% of resting baseline) and pH (∼6.65) at the limit of tolerance during each of the four trials was not significantly different either in normoxia or in hyperoxia. At the same fixed work rate, the overall rate at which [PCr] fell with time was attenuated in hyperoxia (mean response time: N, 59 ± 20 versus H, 116 ± 46 s; P < 0.05). The CP was higher (N, 16.1 ± 2.6 versus H, 18.0 ± 2.3 W; P < 0.05) and the W′ was lower (N, 1.92 ± 0.70 versus H, 1.48 ± 0.31 kJ; P < 0.05) in hyperoxia compared with normoxia. These data indicate that Tlim during severe‐intensity exercise is associated with the attainment of consistently low values of muscle [PCr] and pH. The CP and W′ parameters of the power–duration relationship were both sensitive to the inspiration of hyperoxic gas.
Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies of 6-Formyl Umbelliferone Isolated from Angelica decursiva as an Inhibitor of Cholinesterase and BACE1

Coumarins, which have low toxicity, are present in some natural foods, and are used in various herbal remedies, have attracted interest in recent years because of their potential medicinal properties. In this study, we report the isolation of two natural coumarins, namely umbelliferone (1) and 6-formyl umbelliferone (2), from Angelica decursiva, and the synthesis of 8-formyl umbelliferone (3) from 1. We investigated the anti-Alzheimer disease (anti-AD) potential of these coumarins by assessing their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Among these coumarins, 2 exhibited poor inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE, and modest activity against BACE1. Structure–activity relationship analysis showed that 2 has an aldehyde group at the C-6 position, and exhibited strong anti-AD activity, whereas the presence or absence of an aldehyde group at the C-8 position reduced the anti-AD activity of 3 and 1, respectively. In addition, 2 exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated protein tyrosine nitration. A kinetic study revealed that 2 and 3 non-competitively inhibited BACE1. To confirm enzyme inhibition, we predicted the 3D structures of AChE and BACE1, and used AutoDock 4.2 to simulate binding of coumarins to these enzymes. The blind docking studies demonstrated that these molecules could interact with both the catalytic active sites and peripheral anionic sites of AChE and BACE1. Together, our results indicate that 2 has an interesting inhibitory activity in vitro, and can be used in further studies to develop therapeutic modalities for the treatment of AD.
The NF-κB p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster is a target for leukemia treatment

p65 is a transcription factor that is involved in many physiological and pathologic processes. Here we report that p65 strongly binds to the miR-23a-27a-24 cluster promoter to up-regulate its expression. As bone marrow-derived cells differentiate into red blood cells in vitro, p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster expression increases sharply and then declines before the appearance of red blood cells, suggesting that this cluster is negatively related to erythroid terminal differentiation. Bioinformatic and molecular biology experiments confirmed that the miR-23a-27a-24 cluster inhibited the expression of the erythroid proteome and contributed to erythroleukemia progression. In addition, high level of the p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster was found in APL and AML cell lines and in nucleated peripheral blood cells from leukemia patients. Furthermore, anti-leukemia drugs significantly inhibited the expression of the p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster in leukemia cells. Administration of the p65 inhibitor parthenolide significantly improved hematology and myelogram indices while prolonging the life span of erythroleukemia mice. Meanwhile, stable overexpression of these three miRNAs in mouse erythroleukemia cells enhanced cell malignancy. Our findings thus connect a novel regulation pathway of the p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster with the erythroid proteome and provide an applicable approach for treating leukemia.
Social Validity of Teacher-Written Praise Notes in a Title One Elementary School

Social Validity of Teacher-Written Praise Notes in a Title One Elementary School Angela Howell Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, BYU Educational Specialist Praise notes have the potential to positively influence student behavior and relationships. Few studies have examined the social validity of praise, however, and these studies have focused on students’ perceptions. The purpose of this study was to describe student, parent, and teacher perceptions of a school-wide praise note intervention at a Title I elementary school. Twentythree teachers, 203 parents, and 203 students completed surveys regarding a pre-existing praise note intervention. Surveys consisted of 13 quantitative items and two open-ended questions. Quantitative and qualitative results indicate that participants had positive perceptions of praise notes. Participants also believed that praise notes helped improve relationships, home/school communication, and student behavior. Results also suggest that praise notes are sustainable and have a good level of buy-in. While parents liked praise notes and believed that praise notes improved home/school communication, teachers seemed unaware of parents’ enthusiasm. Implications and limitations of this study are addressed.
Concilier le travail et la famille dans un monde en changement : l'importance du temps, du sexe et de l'efficacité personnelle

Since the entrance of women in the workforce, researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in the issue of combining work and family. Up until recently, this topic was viewed, and treated, mainly as a feminine concem. Accordingly, few studies have examined the differences that exist between the experience of employed mothers and fathers. To empirically document this question, this study compares two independent groups of mothers and fathers who worked for the same company between 1997 and 2006. Overall, results show that there were more similarities than differences between the experience of mothers and fathers. AIso, they indicate that, des pite the organizational changes that took place and an increasing pressure on performance within the company, employed parents' level of functioning did not necessarily worsen. Afterwards, a second article examines the relations among self-efficacy, social support, gender and work and family role conflict. The results show that, compared to women, men seem to benefit more strongly from the presence of a supportive supervisor. As well, in women with a low sense of efficacy, raising the amount of instrumental support may be detrimental rather that beneficial, in the sense that it is associated with increased levels of conflict between work and family roles. However, results indicate that selfefficacy is a key variable in perceived levels of role conflict between work and family regardless of gender. To further explore the contribution of self-efficacy in the experience of combining work and family, the third article examines the indirect effect of this resource on the relations between work and family role conflict and women's well-being. Results indicate that the more women perce ive they can manage the demands of work and family, the less
Measuring semantic similarity by contextualword connections in Chinese news story segmentation

A lot of recent work in story segmentation focuses on developing better partitioning criteria to segment news transcripts into sequences of topically coherent stories, while simply relying on the repetition based hard word-level similarities and ignoring the semantic correlations between different words. In this paper, we propose a purely data-driven approach to measuring soft semantic word- and sentence-level similarity from a given corpus, without the guidance of linguistic knowledge, ground-truth topic labeling or story boundaries. We show that contextual word connections can help to produce semantically meaningful similarity measurement between any pair of Chinese words. Based on this, we further use a parallel all-pair SimRank algorithm to propagate such contextual similarities throughout the whole vocabulary. The resultant word semantic similarity matrix is then used to refine the classical cosine similarity measurement of sentences. Experiments on benchmark Chinese news corpora show that, story segmentation using the proposed soft semantic similarity measurement can always produce better segmentation accuracy than using the hard similarity. Specifically, we can achieve 3%-10% average F1-measure improvement to state-of-the-art NCuts based story segmentation.
‘Side effects’ of health promotion: an example from Austrian schools

Summary While the existence of side effects of medical interventions is common knowledge and widely investigated, possible unintended effects of health promotion (HP) interventions are only sparsely discussed in the HP literature. Drawing on qualitative evaluation data generated within an on-going process evaluation of a regional health-promoting schools network in Austria, we demonstrate which desirable and undesirable effects HP practice can have for teachers. Thirteen group discussions with teachers (n = 63) and headteachers (n = 9) acting as health coordinators in the network schools were conducted between 2010 and 2013. These data were analysed using systems and thematic analyses. In our example, desirable side effects included health coordinators gaining new relationships, new skills and benefiting from improved infrastructure. The undesirable side effects centred on stress, work overload and frustration, due to the additional work brought about by HP practice, negative reactions by colleagues as well as by technicalities of the network. The undesirable side effects of HP predominated in our study, pointing to several implications like the need to accommodate the concept of HP in the teachers' core responsibilities; the participation of all staff members and students in a whole-school approach toward SHP, and the need for changes on an organizational level. Based on this study, we come to the conclusion that a systematic approach to investigating and analysing side effects of HP is currently lacking in HP research and suggest that theoretical examination and more empirical research is needed.
Antihypertensive response to prolonged tempol in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

INTRODUCTION Tempol is a permeant nitroxide superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic that lowers mean arterial pressure (MAP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We investigated the hypothesis that the antihypertensive response entails a negative salt balance, blunting of plasma renin activity (PRA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), or catecholamines or correction of oxidative stress as indexed by 8-isoprostane prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) (8-Iso). METHODS Groups (N= 6 to 8) of SHRs were infused for 2 weeks with vehicle or tempol (200 nmol/kg/min) or given tempol (2 mmol/L) in drinking water. RESULTS Tempol infusion reduced the MAP of anesthetized SHRs (150 +/- 5 vs. 126 +/- 6 mm Hg) (P < 0.005). Oral tempol did not change the heart rate but reduced the MAP of conscious SHRs (-23 +/- 6 mm Hg) (P < 0.01) but not Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Tempol infusion increased the PRA (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 5.0 +/- 0.9 ng/mL/hour) (P < 0.005), did not change excretion of nitric oxide (NO) [NO(2)+ NO(3) (NOx)], ET-1, or catecholamines but reduced excretion of 8-Iso (13.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.9 ng/24 hours; P < 0.01). Cumulative Na(+) balance and gain in body weight were unaltered by tempol infusion. Tempol prevented a rise in MAP with high salt intake. CONCLUSION Tempol corrects hypertension without a compensatory sympathoadrenal activation or salt retention. The response is independent of nitric oxide, endothelin, or catecholamines and occurs despite increased PRA. It is accompanied by a reduction in oxidative stress and is maintained during increased salt intake.
Do humans discount the illuminant?

In constancy experiments, humans report very small changes in appearance with substantial illumination changes. Hermann von Helmholtz introduced the term “discounting the illuminant” to describe 19th century thinking about underlying mechanisms of constancy. It uses an indirect approach. Since observers see objects as constant, observers “must” be able to detect the spatial and spectral changes in illumination and automatically compensate by altering the signals from the quanta catches of retinal receptors. Instead of solving the problem directly by calculating an object’s reflectance from the array of scene radiances, Helmholtz chose to solve the problem of identifying the illumination. Twentieth century experiments by Hubel and Wiesel, Campbell, Land, and Gibson demonstrate the power of mechanisms using spatial comparisons. This paper analyses a series of different experiments looking for unequivocal evidence that either supports “discounting the illuminant” or supports spatial comparisons as the underlying mechanism of constancy.
Induction of Adaptive T Regulatory Cells That Suppress the Allergic Response by Coimmunization of DNA and Protein Vaccines1

Allergen-induced immediate hypersensitivity (AIH) is a health issue of significant concern. This robust inflammatory reaction is initiated by the allergen-specific T cell responsiveness. Severe lesion reactions on skin are consequential problem requiring medical treatment. Effective Ag-specific treatments or preventions are lacking. Using a rodent model of AIH induced by flea allergens, we first report that coimmunization of DNA and protein vaccines encoding the flea salivary specific Ag-1 ameliorated experimental AIH, including Ag-induced wheal formation, elevated T cell proliferation, and infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells to the site of allergen challenge. The amelioration of AIH was directly related to the induction of a specific population of flea antigenic specific T cells exhibiting a CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ phenotype, a characteristic of regulatory T (TREG) cells. These TREG cells expressing IL-10, IFN-γ, and the transcriptional factor T-bet after Ag stimulation were driven by a tolerogenic MHC class II+/CD40low dendritic cell population that was induced by the coimmunization of DNA and protein vaccines. The tolerogenic dendritic cell could educate the naive T cells into CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ TREG cells both in vitro and in vivo. The study identified phenomenon to induce an Ag-specific tolerance via a defined Ag vaccinations and lead to the control of AIH. Exploitation of these cellular regulators and understanding their induction provides a basis for the possible development of novel therapies against allergic and related disorders in humans and animals.
Pandrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Causing Nosocomial Infections in a University Hospital, Taiwan

The rapid emergence (from 0% before 1998 to 6.5% in 2000) of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) was noted in a university hospital in Taiwan. To understand the epidemiology of these isolates, we studied 203 PDRAB isolates, taken from January 1999 to April 2000: 199 from 73 hospitalized patients treated at different clinical settings in the hospital and 4 from environmental sites in an intensive-care unit. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) generated by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction of these 203 isolates showed 10 closely related genotypes (10 clones). One (clone 5), belonging to pulsotype E and RAPD pattern 5, predominated (64 isolates, mostly from patients in intensive care). Increasing use of carbapenems and ciprofloxacin (selective pressure) as well as clonal dissemination might have contributed to the wide spread of PDRAB in this hospital.
Informal Alcohol Control in Six EU Countries

This article describes differences between Finland, Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Italy regarding having influenced someone to drink less alcohol. Representative samples of around 1,000 respondents 18–64 years old in each country were analyzed. Informal alcohol control was measured by questions on whether the respondent reported having influenced someone in any of eight categories of family members and friends to drink less. People in Italy significantly more often reported having pressured someone to drink less (38%) compared with the average rate (32%). In multivariate logistic regressions, people in France and Sweden were significantly less likely to report this. The higher rate in Italy was due to Italian men's high likelihood of trying to persuade both friends and family members to drink less compared with men in other countries. Differences among these six European countries regarding informal control of alcohol appear to be greater among men than among women.
O R I G I N a L I N V E S T I G a T I O N Open Access

Distribution of cardiovascular disease and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes according to different classification systems for chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the renal insufficiency and cardiovascular events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study Abstract Background: The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF's KDOQI) staging system for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is based primarily on estimated GFR (eGFR). This study aimed at assessing whether reclassification of subjects with type 2 diabetes using two recent classifications based on both eGFR and albuminuria, the Alberta Kidney Disease Network (AKDN) and the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), provides a better definition of burden from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) than the NKF's KDOQI classification.
Semantic Acquisition In TELI: A Transportable, User-Customized Natural Language Processor

We discuss ways of allowing the users of a natural language processor to define, examine, and modify the definitions of any domain-specific words or phrases known to the system. An implementation of this work forms a critical portion of the knowledge acquisition component of our Transportable English-Language Interface (TELI). which answers English questions about tabular (first normal-form) data files and runs on a Symbolics Lisp Machine. However, our techniques enable the design of customization modules that are largely independent of the syntactic and retrieval components of the specific system they supply information to. In addition to its obvious practical value. this area of research is important because it requires careful attention to the formalisms used by a natural language system and to the interactions among the modules based on those formalisms.
Elevated Fibrin-Related Markers in Patients with Malignant Diseases Suspected of Having Thrombotic Disorders

Background: Most patients with malignant diseases are frequently complicated with some type of thrombosis, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE). Objective: The cohort and retrospective study was designed to examine the frequency of thrombosis in patients with malignant diseases and to evaluate the efficacy of D-dimer and soluble fibrin (SF) for the diagnosis of thrombosis. Patients/Methods: The plasma concentrations of D-dimer and SF were measured in patients with malignant diseases suspected of having thrombosis. D-dimer and SF were measured using a latex aggregation assay. Results: Thrombosis was observed in 23.3% of the patients with malignant diseases. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was frequently observed in patients with hepatoma, and DVT/PE was frequently observed in patients with colon cancer, lung cancer, and uterine cancer. The plasma levels of D-dimer and SF were increased in malignant diseases, especially hepatoma. Plasma levels of D-dimer and SF were significantly higher in patients with thrombosis in comparison to patients without thrombosis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the D-dimer and SF levels to be useful in the diagnosis of thrombosis. Conclusion: Elevated D-dimer and SF levels might indicate a high risk of thrombosis in patients with malignant disease; however, these assays still need to be standardized.
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea patients in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Objectives To estimate the frequency of symptoms of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to evaluate comorbidities associated with OHS. Design Retrospective study based on patients' medical records and on further sleep tests performed in the study centre during the inclusion visit. Setting Respiratory Care Unit and Sleep Disorder Centre of the Zayed Military Hospital United Arab Emirates. Participants All patients referred to the study centre for a suspicion of sleep-disordered breathing. Main outcome measures Prevalence of OSA and OSA + OHS and comorbidities in patients with OSA and OHS. Results A total of 212 adult patients participated in the study. Of these, 107 patients (50.5% [43.8–57.1% CI 95%]) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for OSA, and the majority were men (79.4%). Among patients with OSA, 18 patients (16.8% [10.8–25.1% CI 95%]) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for OHS. In this group, women were more frequently affected than men (31.8% [7/22] vs. 12.9% [11/85], respectively; p = 0.03) and tended to be older than affected men, with a mean age of 55 ± 10.6 years versus 46 ± 13 for men. After adjustment for gender, OHS was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 3.5; p = 0.03), diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.6; p = 0.02), ischaemic heart disease (OR = 5.1; p = 0.04) and pulmonary hypertension (OR = 16.1; p = 0.001). Conclusion OHS is a common condition in obese patients in the UAE and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidities and diabetes.