Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREDICTING HABITAT RESPONSE TO FLOW USING GENERALIZED HABITAT MODELS FOR TROUT IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN STREAMS

Dams and water diversions can dramatically alter the hydraulic habitats of stream ecosystems. Predicting how water depth and velocity respond to flow alteration is possible using hydraulic models, such as Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM); however, such models are expensive to implement and typically describe only a short length of stream (102 m). If science is to keep pace with development, then more rapid and cost‐effective models are needed. We developed a generalized habitat model (GHM) for brown and rainbow trout that makes similar predictions to PHABSIM models but offers a demonstrated reduction in survey effort for Colorado Rocky Mountain streams. This model combines the best features of GHMs developed elsewhere, including the options of desktop (no‐survey) or rapid‐survey models. Habitat–flow curves produced by PHABSIM were simplified to just two site‐specific components: (i) Q95h (flow at 95% of maximum habitat) and (ii) Shape. The Shape component describes the habitat–flow curves made dimensionless by dividing flow increments by Q95h and dividing habitat (weighted usable area) increments by maximum habitat. Both components were predicted from desktop variables, including mean annual flow, using linear regression. The rapid‐survey GHM produced better predictions of observed habitat than the desktop GHM (rapid‐survey model explained 82–89% variance for independent validation sites; desktop 68–85%). The predictive success of these GHMs was similar to other published models, but survey effort to achieve that success was substantially reduced. Habitat predicted by the desktop GHM (using geographic information system data) was significantly correlated with the abundance of large brown trout (p < 0.01) but not smaller trout. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
fo-The Evolution of Intel(cid:146)s Copy EXACTLY! Technology Transfer Method

Semiconductor manufacturing is characterized by very complex process flows made up of individual process steps, many of which are built to very close tolerances. Furthermore, there are complex interactions in these process flows, whereby each process step can affect many other steps, and each final device parameter might be determined by the results from many inputs. This level of complexity is increasing with each new technology generation. Items that were once considered second-order effects, such as barometric pressure and ultra pure water temperature, are now important variables affecting process results. The costs of technology development and capital equipment for production are very high and are increasing with each generation, thus making technology transfer very important. Once a new process flow and product portfolio have been developed, it is essential that the technology transfer to mass production take place as quickly as possible, without disruptive quality issues, and with the highest possible yield. No time is available to debug new problems that occur during the transfer. The traditional technology transfer approach often allows many equipment and process changes to be made. These changes are intended as improvements in the process, or they are for the convenience of the production factory, which may be already producing other products. As semiconductor technology becomes more complex, these changes have resulted in unforeseen problems that cause production start-up delays and inferior results. The Copy EXACTLY! philosophy and systems were developed [6] in order to minimize the time required for a technology to be transferred and to ensure product quality and yields are not compromised. The methodology has been improved and refined, and has become an important element in Intel(cid:146)s overall manufacturing strategy [1]. This paper describes the Copy EXACTLY! methodology and the increase in technology transfer performance that it has brought about. Some side benefits of this methodology are also discussed.
Valuing Novel Ecosystems

Learning to appreciate novel ecosystems will take practice and, as we argue in this chapter, perhaps some new approaches to valuing them. The challenge is not in learning to value novel ecosystems for the first time. After all, as Jackson (Chapter 7) notes, novel ecosystems are nothing new. Significant new ecological assemblies have arisen throughout the past. What is different now is the pace and extent of such changes. Perring and Ellis (Chapter 8) argue that novel ecosystems comprise between 28% and 32% of the ice-free land surface. Some of these ecosystems have been with us for millennia (e.g. agricultural and urban transformations); those anthropogenic landscapes have been valued by people for a variety of reasons. Think of the Italian countryside: verdant hills dotted with vineyards , small farms, winding narrow roads and modest towns. This is a landscape celebrated for its cultural history, aesthetic qualities and the services procured by anthropogenic ecosystems. There are no shortage of values that people attach to such landscapes and the ecosystems within, and these values in turn shape how people restore and intervene in ecosystems as well (Hall 2005). Novel ecosystems, as defined in this book, are appreciated by many and largely elicit little controversy. Not so for most ecologists, natural historians and lovers of wild nature. They worry about irreversible biodiversity losses, uncontrolled species invasions, unpredictable effects of rapid climate change and continuing land conversion from wild to productive ecosystems. Focusing on novel ecosystems, some fear, will shift an emphasis to ecosystem function and services perhaps at the expense of critical species, and is seen as tantamount to giving up the good fight for conservation values. Standish et al. (Chapter 37) chronicle some of these misapprehensions and persistent concerns , some of which will remain intractable issues well into the future. How will we come to terms with greater complexity in how we manage ecosystems, increased momentum for novelty for the sake of novelty, shifting cultural values about natural heritage and the hubris that may accompany an increased confidence in our ability to appropriately intervene in novel ecosystems?
When Breaking the Rules Relates to Creativity: The Role of Creative Problem‐Solving Demands and Organizational Constraints

Drawing on theoretical views of creative deviance, the present study hypothesized that employees with a tendency to break rules are more creative at their jobs (Hypothesis 1). Furthermore, we expected that this is particularly the case when employees face high problem-solving demands (i.e., they are expected to be creative) but at the same time they face high organizational constraints (e.g., they are not given the resources they need in order to be creative; Hypothesis 2). To test these expectations, we conducted a cross-sectional survey study (Study 1) and a daily diary survey study (Study 2) among employees from different occupational groups. Study 1 provided evidence that employee rule-breaking is related to other-rated employee creativity. Study 2 replicated this finding with a day-level measure of self-rated employee creativity. Furthermore, multilevel regression analyses revealed that the link is stronger when day-level problem-solving demands and organizational constraints are both high. Our findings contribute to the literature by providing empirical support to hardly examined propositions, namely, that non-compliant behaviors (i.e., rule-breaking) and obstacles (i.e., organizational constraints) may, in fact, boost creativity. Finally, suggestions for practice are made, recognizing the challenges posed to management in regulating employee rule-breaking
ADN organizacional y productividad en las empresas familiares

Objective: Determine the relationship between Organizational DNA and Productivity in Family Businesses. Method: The research was Correlational type with non-experimental, field and transactional correlational design. It was based on the theoretical proposal of Nielson and Pasternack (2005). The population of the study was constituted by the family companies from which a sample was extracted to trial composed by the companies of the pharmaceutical sector, a questionnaire was applied consisting of a scaling of Likert attitude with 46 items, presented a reliability of 0, 91. Results and Discussions: Among the main results of the research, it was found that the companies studied have a healthy DNA without fitting into the typology proposed by the authors and have a high productivity. It was found that the DNA of the companies studied is healthy but does not fall within the classifications that the authors present, however, other studies confirm that this can happen in SMEs, on the other hand, it was found that the workers, the Machinery and management are considered factors of high productivity, but external aspects are perceived with indifference. Conclusions: Regarding the objective of the research, it was determined that organizational DNA and productivity presented a moderate positive correlation, that is, that the relationship between the variables exists but is not determinant.
New media clues and old journalistic habits: Representing the refugees in Romanian media

There was significant media coverage of migrant flows in the summer of 2015 and public debate is ongoing. A central issue covered by the media regarded the risks associated with the entrance of refugees in the European Union, thus we decided to analyze the way in which online media covered the violence that involved refugees in the time frame of 1 June 2015–31 October 2016. The analysis highlighted that journalists were mostly interested in publishing cases of illegal border crossings and less interested in cases of severe interpersonal violence (such as murder, rape, and suicide). This time, journalists decided to publicize crimes which affected national security (therefore, they threatened the entire territory and population of a country) and focused less on crimes which involved hurting some categories of vulnerable people (women, children, or elderly people). The main changes that we identified were how refugees were framed regarding the place of the media and journalists as ‘secondary definers’ of crimes, and the positioning of the refugee in the role of victim.
Saliency-context two-stream convnets for action recognition

Recently, very deep two-stream ConvNets have achieved great discriminative power for video classification, which is especially the case for the temporal ConvNets when trained on multi-frame optical flow. However, action recognition in videos often fall prey to the wild camera motion, which poses challenges on the extraction of reliable optical flow for human body. In light of this, we propose a novel method to remove the global camera motion, which explicitly calculates a homography between two consecutive frames without human detection. Given the estimated homography due to camera motion, background motion can be canceled out from the warped optical flow. We take this a step further and design a new architecture called Saliency-Context two-stream ConvNets, where the context two-stream ConvNets are employed to recognize the entire scene in video frames, whilst the saliency streams are trained on salient human motion regions that are detected from the warped optical flow. Finally, the Saliency-Context two-stream ConvNets allow us to capture complementary information and achieve state-of-the-art performance on UCF101 dataset.
THE STELLAR DISK OF M81

Wide-field images obtained with the 3.6 m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope are used to investigate the spatial distribution and photometric properties of the brightest stars in the disk of M81 (NGC 3031). With the exception of the central ∼2 kpc of the galaxy and gaps between CCDs, the survey is spatially complete for stars with i′ < 24 and major axis distances < 18 kpc. A more modest near-infrared survey detects stars with K < 20 over roughly one third of the disk. Bright main-sequence (MS) stars and RSGs are traced out to galactocentric distances of at least 18 kpc. The color of the red supergiant (RSG) locus suggests that Z = 0.008 when RGC > 6 kpc, and this radially uniform RSG metallicity is consistent with [O/H] measurements from H ii regions. The density of bright MS stars and RSGs drops when RGC < 4 kpc, suggesting that star formation in the inner disk was curtailed within the past ∼100 Myr. The spatial distribution of bright MS stars tracks emission at far-ultraviolet, mid- and far-infrared wavelengths, although tidal features contain bright MS stars but have little or no infrared flux. The specific frequency of bright MS stars and RSGs, normalized to K-band integrated brightness, increases with radius, indicating that during the past ∼30 Myr the specific star formation rate (SSFR) has increased with increasing radius. Still, the SSFR of the M81 disk at intermediate radii is consistent with that expected for an isolated galaxy as massive as M81, indicating that the star formation rate in the disk of M81 has not been markedly elevated during the past few tens of millions of years. The stellar content of the M81 disk undergoes a distinct change near RGC ∼ 14 kpc; the K-band light profile, which is dominated by old and intermediate age stars, breaks downward at this radius, whereas the density profile of young stars flattens, but does not break downward. Thus, the luminosity-weighted mean age decreases with increasing radius in the outer regions of the M81 disk.
Preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated with gallic acid for drug delivery

Background and methods Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a sonochemical method under atmospheric conditions at a Fe2+ to Fe3+ molar ratio of 1:2. The iron oxide nanoparticles were subsequently coated with chitosan and gallic acid to produce a core-shell structure. Results X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the magnetic nanoparticles were pure Fe3O4 with a cubic inverse spinel structure. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were of spherical shape with a mean diameter of 11 nm, compared with 13 nm for the iron oxide-chitosan-gallic acid (FCG) nanocarriers. Conclusion The magnetic nanocarrier enhanced the thermal stability of the drug, gallic acid. Release of the active drug from the FCG nanocarrier was found to occur in a controlled manner. The gallic acid and FCG nanoparticles were not toxic in a normal human fibroblast (3T3) line, and anticancer activity was higher in HT29 than MCF7 cell lines.
Selenium Biotransformations in an Insect Ecosystem : Effects of Insects on Phytoremediation

D A N E L B . V I C K E R M A N , * , † J O H N T . T R U M B L E , † G R A H A M N . G E O R G E , ‡ I N G R I D J . P I C K E R I N G , ‡ A N D H E L E N N I C H O L § Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0V8, Canada
CORRELATION BETWEEN MOCA AND MMSE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF COGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Introduction: Schizophrenia (Sch) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impairment of cognitive function as a central feature, which is confirmed by a number of studies performed on patients suffering from Sch, where clinical symptoms and social functioning of patients are consequences of neurocognitive deficits. Goal: The goal of this study was to assess the clinical usability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening instrument for cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients, alone and in correlation with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Material and methods: This clinical prospective study included 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Patients were selected from Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (CCUS) during 2010. For assessment of cognitive impairment we used Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: From the total number of respondents (n=30), 15/30 (50 %) were males and 15/30 (50 %) were females; age of onset were 23.5±6.69; duration of illness before hospitalization (mean±SD) 32.5±12.9. If we make a comparison of MoCA scale and MMSE under the limit values, then we get that there was 10 true positive, 4 true negative, 14 false positive and 2 false negative. This all leads to sensitivity of MoCA scale again in comparison with the MMSE of 41.7%, specificity 66.7%, positive predictive value of 83.3% and negative predictive value of 22.2%. Conclusions: Our findings provide preliminary evidence that MoCA scale performs well in detecting true positive but it is imprecise in the detection of true negative findings.
Automated image quality evaluation of retinal fundus photographs in diabetic retinopathy screening

This paper presents a system that can automatically determine whether the quality of a retinal image is sufficient for computer-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening. The system integrates global histogram features, textural features, and vessel density, as well as a local non-reference perceptual sharpness metric. A partial least square (PLS) classifier is trained to distinguish low quality images from normal quality images. The system was evaluated on a large, representative set of 1884 non-mydriatic retinal images from 412 subjects. An area under the ROC curve of 96% was achieved.
Does Tobin's q Matter for Firms' Choices of Globalization Mode?

In this paper, we investigate empirically how firms' choices of globalization mode differ according to their productivity and Tobin's q using firm-level data of Japanese firms. Our findings support predictions by Helpman, Melitz, and Yeaple (2004) and by Chen, Horstmann, and Markusen (2008). That is, we find that firms with higher productivity tend to choose more foreign direct investment (FDI) and less exporting. We also find that firms with higher Tobin's q tend to choose more FDI and less foreign outsourcing of production. The difference in productivity is relatively less important for the choice between FDI and foreign outsourcing, and the difference in Tobin's q is relatively less important for the choice between exporting and FDI. Because the indexes of globalization activities have a strong negatively skewed distribution, our results indicate that quantile regression would be appropriate to analyze the relationship between firm characteristics and choice of globalization mode.
Is the Growth of Small Firms Constrained by Internal Finance?

This paper examines the long-standing theory that the growth of small firms is often constrained by the quantity of internal finance. Under plausible assumptions, when financing constraints are binding, an additional dollar of internal finance should generate slightly more than an additional dollar of growth in assets. This quantitative prediction should not hold for the relatively small number of firms which access external equity. We test these predictions with a panel of more than 1, 600 small firms and find that the growth of most firms is constrained by internal finance. Our results have implications for several different research literatures, including models of firm growth.
Regional Variance for Multi-Object Filtering

Recent progress in multi-object filtering has led to algorithms that compute the first-order moment of multi-object distributions based on sensor measurements. The number of targets in arbitrarily selected regions can be estimated using the first-order moment. In this work, we introduce explicit formulae for the computation of the second-order statistic on the target number. The proposed concept of regional variance quantifies the level of confidence on target number estimates in arbitrary regions and facilitates information-based decisions. We provide algorithms for its computation for the probability hypothesis density (PHD) and the cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filters. We demonstrate the behaviour of the regional statistics through simulation examples.
Trends in Retinopathy of Prematurity over 12 Years in a Colorado Cohort

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine trends in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a Colorado cohort between 2006 and 2017 and compare trends in risk factors between our cohort and statewide data. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted by the use of records from two registry databases: 1) an academic center’s ROP registry, and 2) vital statistics birth data from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE). ROP was categorized as severe (type 1 or type 2), low grade (not type 1 or type 2), or no ROP. Other variables included in the analyses were gestational age and birth weight at delivery, and infant mortality. Trends over time were evaluated for both registry databases using generalized linear models. Results In our ROP registry cohort of 1,267 eligible infants, 134 (10.6%) developed severe ROP and 279 (22%) developed low-grade ROP. We found no overall trend in severe ROP rates (p = .23), and a decreasing trend in rates of low-grade ROP (p < .01) over the study period. Trends in gestational age, birth weight, and mortality rates remained stable during the study period in both the ROP registry and the CDPHE cohorts. Conclusion The rate of severe ROP in our ROP registry cohort did not change over time. There was evidence of a decreasing trend in low grade ROP during the 12-year study period that was not explained by a change in the primary ROP risk factors in either the ROP registry cohort or the Colorado statewide data.
Involvement of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Genes in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in a Korean Population

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in prostate growth and are overexpressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FGFR genes (FGFR1 and FGFR2) were associated with BPH and its clinical phenotypes in a population of Korean men. We genotyped four SNPs in the exons of FGFR1 and FGFR2 (rs13317 in FGFR1; rs755793, rs1047100, and rs3135831 in FGFR2) using direct sequencing in 218 BPH patients and 213 control subjects. No SNPs of FGFR1 or FGFR2 genes were associated with BPH. However, analysis according to clinical phenotypes showed that rs1047100 of FGFR2 was associated with prostate volume in BPH in the dominant model (GA/AA versus GG, P = 0.010). In addition, a significant association was observed between rs13317 of FGFR1 and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) in the additive (TC versus CC versus TT, P = 0.0022) and dominant models (TC/CC versus TT, P = 0.005). Allele frequency analysis also showed significant association between rs13317 and IPSS (P = 0.005). These results suggested that FGFR genes could be related to progression of BPH.