Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality signals may be common in species with social recognition: a comment on Sheehan and Bergman

Two questions should be asked of a novel theoretical framework: first, is the argument sound? Second, what are the potential implications or applications? As to the first, Sheehan and Bergman (2016) make a compelling case for an evolutionary antagonism between quality Indeed, they formalized this idea into their “prediction 2”: small stable societies should lack quality signals. Though they point out that robust phylogenetic comparative studies that directly address this prediction have not been conducted, they cite Bridge et al.’s (2008) study on Aphelocoma scrub-jays as a source of indirect sup-port. In this study, sex- and age-related color differences were not associated with cooperative breeding. A problem with this argument, however, is that using the presence of sex- or age-dependent plumage coloration as a proxy for signaling is tenuous. Sexual dichromatism, for instance, could be reduced in cooperative breeders either because 1) quality signaling is less important in such systems (as argued by Sheehan and Bergman) or 2) quality signaling is still important in such systems and both males and females have evolved it (counter to Sheehan and Bergman).
A 28-GHz inverse class-F power amplifier with coupled-inductor based harmonic impedance modulator

This paper presents a 28 GHz class-F<sup>1</sup> power amplifier in 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The PA adopts a coupled-inductor based harmonic impedance modulator in order to terminate 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> harmonic load impedances appropriately for class-F<sup>1</sup> operation. The coupled coils essentially provide frequency-dependent inductance that is optimal to resonate out 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> harmonic reactive impedance. The PA achieve 40-42% PAE over 27.5 GHz to 29 GHz, peak 42% PAE at 28 GHz with 50 mW OP-1db power, one of the highest PAEs ever reported in silicon-based PAs. At 6-dB backoff output power, the PAE is as high as 20% Psat is 16.6 dBm. The PA occupies 0.55×0.96 mm<sup>2</sup>.
Nocardial infection in Crete, Greece: Review of fifteen cases from 2003 to 2007

During a 5-y period (2003 – 2007), nocardial infections were diagnosed in 15 patients admitted to the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Nine patients (60%) had 1 or more underlying conditions predisposing to nocardiosis. The skin was involved in 10 cases, followed by the lung in 4. One patient had disseminated disease. Five different species were identified: N. brasiliensis (n =7), N. otitidiscaviarum (n=4), N. abscessus (n=2), N. transvalensis (n=1), and N. farcinica (n=1). The most common species was N. brasiliensis. All isolates were sensitive to linezolid, moxifloxacin, and tigecycline, and 80% of them to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Antibiotics were given to all 15 patients. A clinical response was observed in 14 of them, while 1 died of nocardiosis. Nocardiosis is a rare but sometimes life-threatening infection, complicating immunosuppression. Early diagnosis and timely administration of appropriate treatment result in a favourable outcome.
Monoclonal antibodies detect different forms of influenza virus hemagglutinin during viral penetration and biosynthesis

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (HA) were used to examine the structure of the HA glycoprotein by immunofluorescence techniques during infection of MDCK cells. One antibody (Y8-10C2), shown previously to detect conformational alterations in the HA coinciding with the acid induction of viral fusion activity, bound to internalized virus but not to virus adsorbed to the cell surface. The binding of Y8-10C2 was completely inhibited by ammonium chloride treatment of the cells. These findings are consistent with the idea that Y8-10C2 detects conformational changes in the HA which accompany the acid-induced fusion of viral and endosomal membranes. The same antibody also bound to newly synthesized HA but not to later forms of cytoplasmic HA or to HA incorporated into the cell membrane during virus maturation. A possible common denominator of the antigenic changes detected by antibody Y8-10C2 during virus entry and replication may be alterations in the structural relationship among the three HA monomers which form the mature HA molecule.
Impact of Different Cell Isolation Techniques on Lymphocyte Viability and Function

Abstract The outcome of immunological assays is markedly influenced by the method of isolation of lymphocytes. It is, therefore, important to comparatively assess various techniques of isolation of lymphocytes, an aspect thus far not thoroughly addressed. In particular, the potential of isolation techniques to influence cell recovery, viability, and function has not yet been evaluated. These studies were designed to determine the effect of different mechanical tissue dissociation methods on the viability and function of lymphocytes. Following spleen and thymus removal, the lymphoid organs were dissociated by one of four different tissue dissociation techniques: metallic screen, sheer force slide, commercial stomacher, or plunger‐screen. Cells were then enumerated and a trypan blue exclusion technique and 7‐amino‐actinomycin D (7‐AAD) were both employed to assess viability. Mitogen‐induced lymphocyte proliferation was measured using the Alamar Blue™ assay. Cell viability and lymphocyte surface antigen expression were assessed using flow cytometry. No significant differences in lymphocyte viability, morphology, or surface antigen expression were observed among the different techniques. Likewise, cellular apoptosis and necrosis were comparable across all the techniques. However, mitogen induced splenic T‐cell proliferation was higher in cells collected using the metallic screen and plunger‐screen isolation methods as compared to the sheer force slide or commercial stomacher procedures. These data suggest that cell recovery, morphology, and viability are not affected by isolation techniques. However, lymphocyte function, as assessed by mitogen induced proliferation, was negatively affected by the sheer force slide or commercial stomacher isolation techniques.
Motivational Differences Across Post-Acceptance Information System Usage Behaviors: An Investigation in the Business Intelligence Systems Context

We identify two post-acceptance information system (IS) usage behaviors related to how employees leverage implemented systems. Routine use (RTN) refers to employees' using IS in a routine and standardized manner to support their work, and innovative use (INV) describes employees' discovering new ways to use IS to support their work. We use motivation theory as the overarching perspective to explain RTN and INV and appropriate the rich intrinsic motivation (RIM) concept from social psychology to propose a conceptualization of RIM toward IS use, which includes intrinsic motivation toward accomplishment (IMap), intrinsic motivation to know (IMkw), and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation (IMst). We also consider the influence of perceived usefulness (PU)—a representative surrogate construct of extrinsic motivation toward IS use—on RTN and INV. We theorize the relative impacts of the RIM constructs and PU on RTN and INV and the role of personal innovativeness with IT (PIIT) in moderating the RIM constructs' influences on INV. Based on data from 193 employees using a business intelligence system at one of the largest telecom service companies in China, we found (1) PU had a stronger impact on RTN than the RIM constructs, (2) IMkw and IMst each had a stronger impact on INV than either PU or IMap, and (3) PIIT positively moderated the impact of each RIM construct on INV. Our findings provide insights on managing RTN and INV in the post-acceptance stage.
Anti‐anxiety drugs and fish behavior: Establishing the link between internal concentrations of oxazepam and behavioral effects

Psychoactive drugs are frequently detected in the aquatic environment. The evolutionary conservation of the molecular targets of these drugs in fish suggests that they may elicit mode of action–mediated effects in fish as they do in humans, and the key open question is at what exposure concentrations these effects might occur. In the present study, the authors investigated the uptake and tissue distribution of the benzodiazepine oxazepam in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) after 28 d of waterborne exposure to 0.8 μg L−1, 4.7 μg L−1, and 30.6 μg L−1. Successively, they explored the relationship between the internal concentrations of oxazepam and the effects on fish exploratory behavior quantified by performing 2 types of behavioral tests, the novel tank diving test and the shelter‐seeking test. The highest internal concentrations of oxazepam were found in brain, followed by plasma and liver, whereas muscle presented the lowest values. Average concentrations measured in the plasma of fish from the 3 exposure groups were, respectively, 8.7 ± 5.7 μg L−1, 30.3 ± 16.1 μg L−1, and 98.8 ± 72.9 μg L−1. Significant correlations between plasma and tissue concentrations of oxazepam were found in all 3 groups. Exposure of fish to 30.6 µg L−1 in water produced plasma concentrations within or just below the human therapeutic plasma concentration (HTPC) range in many individuals. Statistically significant behavioral effects in the novel tank diving test were observed in fish exposed to 4.7 μg L−1. In this group, plasma concentrations of oxazepam were approximately one‐third of the lowest HTPC value. No significant effects were observed in fish exposed to the lowest and highest concentrations. The significance of these results is discussed in the context of the species‐specific behavior of fathead minnow and existing knowledge of oxazepam pharmacology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2782–2790. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Kernel Bundle Diffeomorphic Image Registration Using Stationary Velocity Fields and Wendland Basis Functions

In this paper, we propose a multi-scale, multi-kernel shape, compactly supported kernel bundle framework for stationary velocity field-based image registration (Wendland kernel bundle stationary velocity field, wKB-SVF). We exploit the possibility of directly choosing kernels to construct a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) instead of imposing it from a differential operator. The proposed framework allows us to minimize computational cost without sacrificing the theoretical foundations of SVF-based diffeomorphic registration. In order to recover deformations occurring at different scales, we use compactly supported Wendland kernels at multiple scales and orders to parameterize the velocity fields, and the framework allows simultaneous optimization over all scales. The performance of wKB-SVF is extensively compared to the 14 non-rigid registration algorithms presented in a recent comparison paper. On both MGH10 and CUMC12 datasets, the accuracy of wKB-SVF is improved when compared to other registration algorithms. In a disease-specific application for intra-subject registration, atrophy scores estimated using the proposed registration scheme separates the diagnostic groups of Alzheimer's and normal controls better than the state-of-the-art segmentation technique. Experimental results show that wKB-SVF is a robust, flexible registration framework that allows theoretically well-founded and computationally efficient multi-scale representation of deformations and is equally well-suited for both inter- and intra-subject image registration.
Therapeutic Effect of Nanogel-Based Delivery of Soluble FGFR2 with S252W Mutation on Craniosynostosis

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder caused by missense mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Surgical procedures are frequently required to reduce morphological and functional defects in patients with Apert syndrome; therefore, the development of noninvasive procedures to treat Apert syndrome is critical. Here we aimed to clarify the etiological mechanisms of craniosynostosis in mouse models of Apert syndrome and verify the effects of purified soluble FGFR2 harboring the S252W mutation (sFGFR2IIIcS252W) on calvarial sutures in Apert syndrome mice in vitro. We observed increased expression of Fgf10, Esrp1, and Fgfr2IIIb, which are indispensable for epidermal development, in coronal sutures in Apert syndrome mice. Purified sFGFR2IIIcS252W exhibited binding affinity for fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) 2 but also formed heterodimers with FGFR2IIIc, FGFR2IIIcS252W, and FGFR2IIIbS252W. Administration of sFGFR2IIIcS252W also inhibited Fgf2-dependent proliferation, phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules, and mineralization of FGFR2S252W-overexpressing MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. sFGFR2IIIcS252W complexed with nanogels maintained the patency of coronal sutures, whereas synostosis was observed where the nanogel without sFGFR2S252W was applied. Thus, based on our current data, we suggest that increased Fgf10 and Fgfr2IIIb expression may induce the onset of craniosynostosis in patients with Apert syndrome and that the appropriate delivery of purified sFGFR2IIIcS252W could be effective for treating this disorder.
The Devaluation Effect: Activating a Need Devalues Unrelated Objects

It is commonly assumed that an object capable of satisfying a need will be perceived as subjectively more valuable as the need for it intensifies. For example, the more active the need to eat, the more valuable food will become. This outcome could be called a valuation effect. In this article, we suggest a second basic influence of needs on evaluations: that activating a focal need (e.g., to eat) makes objects unrelated to that need (e.g., shampoo) less valuable, an outcome we refer to as the devaluation effect. Two existing studies support the existence of a devaluation effect using manipulations of the need to eat and to smoke and measuring attractiveness of consumer products and willingness to purchase raffle tickets. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that consumers are not aware of the devaluation effect and its influence on their preferences.
Macro-Micro Modeling of the Dendritic Microstructure of Steel Billets Processed by Continuous Casting

Operating data of a steel billet caster such as casting speed steel temperature and cooling conditions in the water spray zone are employed to predict dendritic microstructures of solidified steel. For that semi-empirical equations to calculate primary and secondary arm spacing were derived from uni-directional solidification experiments of steel samples with various compositions. When these equations are combined with a heat transfer model, which involves operating parameters of a caster, it is possible to predict dendritic microstructures, making possible micro-modeling from macro-processing data. Experimental measurements of primary and secondary arm spacing in four commercial steels agreed acceptably well by the predictions performed using this approach. The knowledge of microstructure will allow to pursue predictions of microsegregation phenomena.
INHIBITION OF THE MOBILIZATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE *

The continuous mobilization of FFA (free fatty acids) from adipose tissue into the bloodstream is discussed explained and diagrammed. The process is controlled by many factors in vivo. Sites of inhibition of FFA mobilization and types of mobilization inhibitors are mentioned. Studies on the following inhibitors--nicotinic acid prostaglandins and glucose--are reviewed. Recent studies have shown that essential fatty acids can act as precursors of the PGs (prostaglandins). PGE1 appears to be an inhibitor of the IA type. In addition in conscious man as opposed to anesthesized dogs PGE1 has a stimulatory effect on the mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue. PGE1 seems to interfere with other naturally-occurring mobilizers and inhibitors in living humans. The physiological effects of inhibition of the mobilization of FFA with emphasis on energy metabolism glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes and hyperlipoproteinemia are discussed.
Biocompatibility of Dental Materials

Basic Aspects -- Determination of Biocompatibility -- Regulations and Standards -- Dental Amalgam -- Resin-Based Composites -- Cements and Ceramics -- Root Canal Filling Materials -- Dental Alloys -- Polymethylmethacrylate Resins -- Oral Hygiene Products -- Materials for Short-Term Application in the Oral Cavity -- Occupational Exposures -- Environmental Aspects -- Diagnosis of Side Effects of Dental Materials, with Special Emphasis on Delayed and Immediate Allergic Reactions.
Overexpression of AtDREB1A Causes a Severe Dwarf Phenotype by Decreasing Endogenous Gibberellin Levels in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Gibberellic acids (GAs) are plant hormones that play fundamental roles in plant growth and developmental processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that three key enzymes of GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox are involved in GA biosynthesis. In this study, the Arabidopsis DREB1A gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into soybean plants by Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. The results showed that the transgenic soybean plants exhibited a typical phenotype of GA-deficient mutants, such as severe dwarfism, small and dark-green leaves, and late flowering compared to those of the non-transgenic plants. The dwarfism phenotype was rescued by the application of exogenous GA3 once a week for three weeks with the concentrations of 144 µM or three times in one week with the concentrations of 60 µM. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcription levels of the GA synthase genes were higher in the transgenic soybean plants than those in controls, whereas GA-deactivated genes except GmGA2ox4 showed lower levels of expression. The transcript level of GmGA2ox4 encoding the only deactivation enzyme using C20-GAs as the substrates in soybean was dramatically enhanced in transgenic plants compared to that of wide type. Furthermore, the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs were significantly decreased in transgenic plants than those of wide type. The results suggested that AtDREB1A could cause dwarfism mediated by GA biosynthesis pathway in soybean.
Antitubercular In Vitro Drug Discovery: Tools for Begin the Search

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues being a big public health problem around the world. The total number of cases of TB worldwide in 2009 was 9.4 million of which 1.8 million died of this disease, reported as the higher in history (Lawn & Zumla, 2011), World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the one third of global population is infected latently by M. tuberculosis (LTBI), however 10% will develop active disease (Zumla et al., 2011). Although several strategies and programs have been implemented and anti TB drugs have been available for 50 years, many TB patients are not diagnosed and treated at time (Ghanashyam, 2011; Sosnik et al., 2010). These mismanaged patients, with non-optimal treatments are the principal source of multidrugresistant TB (MDR-TB), which is resistant to the first line drugs isoniazid and rifampicin, as well as extensive drug resistant TB (XDR-TB), that in addition of isoniazid and rifampicin is resistant to any fluoroquinolone and any aminoglycoside second line anti TB injectable drugs (Koul et al., 2011). Other aspect that aggravates the situation is the coinfection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease, which increases the TB incidence rates three to five times and affected 1.1 million of TB cases in 2009 (Lawn & Zumla, 2011).
Climate Change and Sustainable Development Series

This paper studies bargaining and exchange in a networked market with intermediation. Possibilities to trade are restricted through a network of existing relationships and traders bargain over the division of available gains from trade along different feasible routes. Using a stochastic model of bargaining, I characterize stationary equilibrium payoffs as the fixed point of a set of intuitive value function equations and study efficiency and the relationship between network structure and payoffs. In equilibrium, trade is never unduly delayed but it may take place too early and in states where delay would be efficient. The inefficiency arises from a hold-up threat and the inability of bargaining parties credibly to commit to a split in a future period. The model also shows how with competing trade routes as trade frictions go to zero agents that are not essential to a trade opportunity receive a payoff of zero. JEL Classification: C73, C78, L14
Apparent digestibilities of diets varying in ratios of forage to concentrate and quality of forage at two intakes by dairy cows.

In four digestion trials we measured effects of feed intake and forage quality on apparent digestibility of dietary components. Trials 1 and 2 utilized four mixed diets containing either 30 or 50% concentrate blended with either early or normal cut alfalfa hay. Trials 3 and 4 utilized two straight hay diets of early and normal cut hay. High and low feed intakes were determined for lactating and dry cows. Cows in trial 1 digested diets to the same extent regardless of intake or ratio of forage to concentrate. Digestibility of dry matter for early cut diets was higher than for normal cut diets (67.4 versus 61.5%). In trial 2, digestibilities of dry matter were higher for low concentrate than for high concentrate diets (60.8 versus 56.9%) and for dry than for lactating cows (60.7 versus 57.6%). Age of cut had no effect in trial 2, which had unexpected slightly higher fiber in early cut diets. In trials 3 and 4, digestibility of dry matter was higher for early than normal cut hay (64.0 versus 61.2%) and for dry than lactating cows (63.4 versus 62.1%). Depression of dry matter digestibility with intake in trials 2, 3, and 4 ranged from . 4 to 1.6 percentage units per intake above maintenance and was related to cell wall components. Age of cut was the most important factor affecting digestibility.
A Comprehensive Catalog of Variable Stars in the Field of 47 Tucanae

We present the results of a comprehensive search for stellar variability in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Using the Mount Stromlo 40 inch (1 m) telescope at Siding Spring Observatory and a combined V + R filter, we have detected 100 variable stars across a 52′ × 52′ field centered on the cluster. The main aim of this project is to search for transiting "hot Jupiter" planets in this cluster, the results of which shall be discussed in a separate paper. Here we present the V + R light curves and preliminary investigations of the detected variable stars, which comprise 28 eclipsing binaries (21 contact binaries and 7 detached systems), 45 RR Lyrae stars (41 of which belong to the Small Magellanic Cloud and 4 seemingly to the Galactic halo), and 20 K-giant long-period variables (LPVs). We also detected four δ Scuti stars, one type I Cepheid, and one type II Cepheid. One variable appears to be a possible dust-enshrouded SMC star with a short-period pulsation. Of these 100 variables, 69 are new discoveries. Our eclipsing binary sample indicates a clear radial segregation in period and includes two binaries that are seemingly orbited by low-luminosity stellar companions. One RR Lyrae star shows a Blazhko effect with remarkable regularity. Those variables previously known are cross-identified with a study by Kaluzny and coworkers. In agreement with previous studies, this work shows that the relative frequency of detectable variable stars (particularly contact binaries) in 47 Tuc is very low compared to other studied regions. Distance moduli of 18.93±0.24 for the Small Magellanic Cloud and 13.14±0.25 for 47 Tuc have been estimated from our sample and are in agreement with values previously published. The total database presented here contains V and I photometry for 43,067 47 Tuc field stars (13.0 ⩽ V ⩽ 21.0), along with 33 night V + R light curves and astrometry for 109,866 stars (14.5 ⩽ V ⩽ 22.5).