Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in climate extremes, fresh water availability and vulnerability to food insecurity projected at 1.5°C and 2°C global warming with a higher-resolution global climate model

We projected changes in weather extremes, hydrological impacts and vulnerability to food insecurity at global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C relative to pre-industrial, using a new global atmospheric general circulation model HadGEM3A-GA3.0 driven by patterns of sea-surface temperatures and sea ice from selected members of the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble, forced with the RCP8.5 concentration scenario. To provide more detailed representations of climate processes and impacts, the spatial resolution was N216 (approx. 60 km grid length in mid-latitudes), a higher resolution than the CMIP5 models. We used a set of impacts-relevant indices and a global land surface model to examine the projected changes in weather extremes and their implications for freshwater availability and vulnerability to food insecurity. Uncertainties in regional climate responses are assessed, examining ranges of outcomes in impacts to inform risk assessments. Despite some degree of inconsistency between components of the study due to the need to correct for systematic biases in some aspects, the outcomes from different ensemble members could be compared for several different indicators. The projections for weather extremes indices and biophysical impacts quantities support expectations that the magnitude of change is generally larger for 2°C global warming than 1.5°C. Hot extremes become even hotter, with increases being more intense than seen in CMIP5 projections. Precipitation-related extremes show more geographical variation with some increases and some decreases in both heavy precipitation and drought. There are substantial regional uncertainties in hydrological impacts at local scales due to different climate models producing different outcomes. Nevertheless, hydrological impacts generally point towards wetter conditions on average, with increased mean river flows, longer heavy rainfall events, particularly in South and East Asia with the most extreme projections suggesting more than a doubling of flows in the Ganges at 2°C global warming. Some areas are projected to experience shorter meteorological drought events and less severe low flows, although longer droughts and/or decreases in low flows are projected in many other areas, particularly southern Africa and South America. Flows in the Amazon are projected to decline by up to 25%. Increases in either heavy rainfall or drought events imply increased vulnerability to food insecurity, but if global warming is limited to 1.5°C, this vulnerability is projected to remain smaller than at 2°C global warming in approximately 76% of developing countries. At 2°C, four countries are projected to reach unprecedented levels of vulnerability to food insecurity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels’.
Spatial and temporal distribution of a pulsed jet in cross-flow - Experimental validation of mixing efficiency predictions by CFD

Abstract The present paper discusses experiments and numerical simulations of a gas mixing process. A pulsed jet is injected perpendicular to the cross-flow in a small laboratory wind tunnel. The injection process is recorded with a high-speed camera. Digital image processing is used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the injected gas. The primary goal of this study is to provide validation data for a custom CFD solver based on the OpenFOAM toolkit. Therefore the data processing scripts were implemented in way that they can be run on experimental data as well as simulation results without any changes, thus allowing a direct comparison of both. The overall agreement of CFD and experiment is very good.
Siblings’ Birth Order Interaction and Self-esteem Development: Forgotten Social Setting for e-Health Delivery in Tanzania?

Family and social interactions like those among siblings are important for a child’s development. Every child born in a family has one’s personality and hence self-esteem different from other siblings. Due to much outcry of low self-esteem, demoralization and corrupt conducts of health and information and communication technology personnel in Tanzania, the present study examined the association between siblings’ birth order interaction and self-esteem development and their influence in enhancing reliable e-health delivery in the nation. A total of 183 second year undergraduate participants from the College of Health Sciences and the College of Informatics and Virtual Education of the University of Dodoma were purposively selected for the study. Data were collected using birth order and Rosenberg’s Standardized self-esteem questionnaires and descriptively analyzed in percentages and frequencies using SPSS version 16. Findings revealed that siblings’ birth order, social and family interactions affect their self-esteem, school and university social lives. The interactions enable health and ICT career professionals to have commitment and interactive personalities to facilitate preparation of responsible and committed student-professionals with proper self-esteem and ethical conducts for effective e-health service provision.
HEART-RATE VARIABILITY IN WOMEN DURING 40-HOUR PROLONGED WAKEFULNESS

Heart-rate variability patterns of 18 women during a 40-h constant routine of prolonged wakefulness under controlled laboratory conditions were analyzed. The authors tested the circadian timing of the autonomic nervous system and the relationship between the sympathetic and vagal branches in women with both a functional disorder of vascular regulation (main symptom: cold hands and feet) and prolonged sleep onset and controls without these symptoms. Spectral analysis of R-R intervals during paced breathing episodes revealed significantly lower power values in the high-frequency band (HF; 0.15–0.4 Hz) but not in the low-frequency band (LF; 0.04–0.15 Hz), leading to a significantly elevated LF/HF ratio in the former group. A significant circadian rhythm in LF power and heart rate occurred in both groups, and a significant correlation was found between sleepiness and sympathovagal balance (r = .53, p < .05). These findings indicate not only an autonomic imbalance in the first group compared with controls, but also two strategies of the autonomic nervous system to fight against fatigue in women. One implies circadian control and the other homeostatic control, and both are reflected by the LF/HF ratio. (Author correspondence: Kurt.Kraeuchi@upkbs.ch)
Upper trapezius relaxation induced by TENS and interferential current in computer users with chronic nonspecific neck discomfort: An electromyographic analysis.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential current (IFC) application reduces pain in subjects with musculoskeletal disorders. However there are no clinical trials evaluating or comparing the muscle relaxation generated for these devices. PURPOSE To compare the muscle relaxation of the upper trapezius induced by the application of TENS and IFC in females with chronic nonspecific neck discomfort. METHODS Sixty-four females between 18 and 40 years of age and a history of nonspecific neck discomfort were randomly assigned to a TENS or an IFC group. The women in the TENS (N = 32; mean age 22 years) and IFC (N = 32, mean age 23 years) group were submitted to current application during 3 consecutive days and were assessed by electromyography (EMG) in different times aiming to quantify the muscular tension of the upper trapezius. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used as pain measure at baseline (before TENS or IFC application) and at the end of the study. RESULTS At baseline, demographic, pain, and EMG assessment data were similar between groups. Those in the IFC group had a significant trapezius relaxation after 3 IFC applications when compared to baseline and intermediate evaluations (P < 0.05). In contrast, the same analysis showed no significant difference between all assessments in the TENS group (P >0.05). In relation to pain relief, both groups showed an improvement at the end of the study when compared to baseline (both,P <0.05). The between-group analysis showed no difference for the subjects who received such IFC as TENS application (P <0.05). CONCLUSION IFC induced the upper trapezius relaxation after 3 sessions in females with neck discomfort, but the TENS application did not change the muscular tension. However, these results should be carefully interpreted due to the lack of differences between groups. A significant pain decrease was found in the subjects of both groups, however, only the IFC application presented a clinically important improvement.
Does Mood Affect Self-Concept? Analysis through a Natural Semantic Networks Based Approach

Self-concept (i.e. the definition of oneself) can be described as the beliefs, hypotheses and assumptions that people have about themselves. It provides structure, coherence and meaning to personal existence [14, 15]. Self-concept refers to an individual representation of all that is known about the self and includes aspects such as names, likes, dislikes, beliefs and descriptions of physical appearance [15, 10]. On the basis of this definition, Pajares and Schunck (2005) as well as Heatherton and Wyland (2002) indicate that self-concept arises from the beliefs that a person holds as true about their own experience. Self-definition is, in essence, what an individual thinks they are.
ucumin S , a new phenylethyl chromone from Cucumis melo var . eticulatus seeds abrin

A new phenylethyl chromenone, cucumin S [(R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone] (1), along with five known compounds: 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[2-(4hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (3), luteolin (4), quercetin (5), and 7-glucosyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (6) were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Ser. , Cucurbitaceae, seeds. Their eywords:
Variability of organic and elemental carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and isotopes in Hong Kong

To determine the levels and variations of carbona- ceous aerosol in Hong Kong, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected by high volume (Hi-vol) samplers at three moni- toring stations (representing middle-scale roadside, urban-, and regional-scale environments) during winter (November 2000 to February 2001) and summer (June 2001 to August 2001) periods. The highest concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic car- bon (WSOC) were found at the middle-scale roadside site with the lowest at the regional-scale site. The percentages of WSOC in total carbon at these sites were inversely corre- lated with their concentrations (i.e., the highest percentages of WSOC were observed at the regional-scale site). A high WSOC fraction may be associated with aged aerosol because of the secondary formation by photochemical oxidation of organic precursors of anthropogenic pollutants during trans- port. The annual average of isotope abundances ( 13 C) of OC and EC were -26.9±0.5‰ and -25.6±0.1‰, respectively. There were no notable differences for seasonal distributions of carbon isotopic composition, consistent with motor ve- hicle emissions being the main source contributors of car- bonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong. OC 13 C abundances at the regional-scale site were higher than those at the middle-scale roadside and urban sites, consistent with secondary organic aerosols of biogenic origin.
An Approach for Improvement of the Dissolution Rate of Gliclazide

Gliclazide is an anti-diabetic drug that is poorly soluble in water. This paper describes an approach to improve the dissolution rate of gliclazide by using solid dispersions (SDs) in polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000). The phase-solubility behavior of gliclazide in the presence of various concentrations of PEG 4000 in 0.1 N HCl at 37 °C was obtained. The solubility of gliclazide increased with increasing amounts of PEG 4000 in water. The Gibbs free energy (∆G o tr) values were all negative. The solid dispersions were prepared with a solvent-melting method using different concentrations of PEG 4000. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and DSC were used to examine the physicochemical characteristics of solid dispersions of gliclazide and PEG. The dissolution rate of gliclazide in SDs with PEG 4000 was enhanced. The FTIR spectroscopic studies showed the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between gliclazide and PEG 4000 in the solid state. The DSC and XRD studies indicate the amorphous and microcrystalline states of gliclazide in SDs with PEG 4000.
A multilevel assessment of school climate, bullying victimization, and physical activity.

BACKGROUND This study integrated criminological and public health perspectives to examine the influence of bullying victimization and the school environment on physical activity (PA). METHODS We used a weighted sample of 7786 US middle school students surveyed as part of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study to conduct a multilevel analysis of bullying victimization as a predictor of self-reported PA and number of days attending physical education (PE) classes. Hierarchical models assessed the contribution of school climate and anti-crime programs. RESULTS Results indicated that bullying victimization was associated with fewer days in PE and lower odds of reporting at least 60 minutes of PA more than once a week. Although one of the school crime prevention policies examined was associated with more days in PE, the school-level factors did not account for a large portion of the variance in the 2-level models for either days in PE or PA. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that reduced levels of PA can be added to the growing list of health issues associated with bullying victimization and provide support for the importance of bullying prevention efforts in conjunction with health promotion programs targeted to middle school students.
TWO Diffusion in Nanoporous Host Systems

Diffusion is one of the key parameters controlling the progress of various processes occurring in porous materials. For fluids confined to mesoporous solids, diffusion, in addition to the complex structure of these materials, is found to be further diversified by their rich phase behaviour, giving rise to a strong coupling between the phase state and internal dynamics. By applying NMR as a non-perturbing experimental technique, the results of systematic studies of fluid microscopic and macroscopic dynamics confined to mesoporous solids are reviewed. In particular, the correlations between diffusive dynamics and the details of gas–liquid and solid–liquid coexistences are explored. Selected examples concerning dynamic behaviour accompanying other types of transitions are presented.
Understanding 3 D Space-Semantics

Point clouds are comprehensive and detailed 3D representations for indoor spaces, however they contain no highlevel information of the depicted area. In contrast to previous methods that have mostly focused on more traditional pipelines, I propose a Fully 3D Convolutional Neural Network for the semantic parsing of such data. In this paper I explore different network architectures and perform per voxel multi-class classification of the input into its semantics. Two main inputs are explored: (a) a 3D sliding cube on the large-scale point cloud and (b) a consistently aligned and normalized enclosed space of the point cloud (i.e. rooms, hallways, etc.). Both inputs are voxelized with values equal to their binary occupancy. The network outputs a class prediction per voxel. I provide experiments and results on the different architectures and used the Stanford Large-Scale 3D Indoor Dataset for their evaluation.
Efficacy of low level laser therapy associated with exercises in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind study

Objectives: To estimate the effects of low level laser therapy in combination with a programme of exercises on pain, functionality, range of motion, muscular strength and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Design: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with sequential allocation of patients to different treatment groups. Setting: Special Rehabilitation Services. Subjects: Forty participants with knee osteoarthritis, 2–4 osteoarthritis degree, aged between 50 and 75 years and both genders. Intervention: Participants were randomized into one of two groups: the laser group (low level laser therapy dose of 3 J and exercises) or placebo group (placebo laser and exercises). Main measures: Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), functionality using the Lequesne questionnaire, range of motion with a universal goniometer, muscular strength using a dynamometer, and activity using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire at three time points: (T1) baseline, (T2) after the end of laser therapy (three weeks) and (T3) the end of the exercises (11 weeks). Results: When comparing groups, significant differences in the activity were also found (P = 0.03). No other significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in other variables. In intragroup analysis, participants in the laser group had significant improvement, relative to baseline, on pain (P = 0.001), range of motion (P = 0.01), functionality (P = 0.001) and activity (P < 0.001). No significant improvement was seen in the placebo group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that low level laser therapy when associated with exercises is effective in yielding pain relief, function and activity on patients with osteoarthritis of the knees.
Spin-torque-induced rotational dynamics of a magnetic vortex dipole

We study, both experimentally and by numerical modeling, the magnetic dynamics that can be excited in a magnetic thin-film nanopillar device using the spin torque from a spatially localized current injected via a tens-of-nanometer-diameter aperture. The current-driven magnetic dynamics can produce large-amplitude microwave emission at zero magnetic field, with a frequency well below that of the uniform ferromagnetic resonance mode. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that the physical origin of this efficient microwave nano-oscillator is the nucleation and subsequent steady-state rotational dynamics of a magnetic vortex dipole driven by the localized spin torque. The results show that this implementation of a spintronic nano-oscillator is a promising candidate for microwave technology applications.
Native-State Structural Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is an enveloped RNA virus that belongs to Paramyxoviridae family. HRSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children in the United States, and severe infections of infants and immuno-compromised adults can lead to death. In order to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying hRSV assembly and viral and host cellular protein dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution, we use cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) to examine hRSV-infected cells.
Evaluation of antitumor and antioxidant activity of Sargassum tenerrimum against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.

CONTEXT In the last half century, discovering, developing and introducing of clinical agents from marine sources have seen great successes, with examples including the anti-cancer compound trabectedin. However, with increasing need for new anticancer drugs, further exploration for novel compounds from marine organism sources is strongly justified. OBJECTIVE The major aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant potential of Sargassum tenerrimum J.Agardh (Sargassaceae) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethanol extract of S. tenerrimum (EEST) from whole algae was used to evaluate cytotoxicity followed by in vivo assessment of toxicity, using biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes. Antioxidant properties were examined in animals bearing EAC treated with daily oral administration of 100-300 mg/kg extract suspension. RESULTS Antitumor effects of EEST in EAC bearing mice was observed with LD50 1815 mg/kg. Parameters like body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, tumor cell count, mean survival time and increase in life span in animals in the EAC bearing animals treated with EEST 300 mg/kg was comparable with control group. Significant differences were also seen with changes in total protein content, hepatic enzymes contents, MDA level, and free radical scavenging enzymes in untreated vs. EEST treated group animals. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic enzymes in the EAC animal model treated with EEST exhibited similar effects as the positive control drug 5-flurouracil. S. tenerrimum extracts contain effective antioxidants with significant antitumor activity.
Consensus Statement of IAP National Task Force: status report on management of acute diarrhea.

The Indian Academy of Pediatrics Committee For Framing Guidelines On The Management Of Diarrhea In Children (members listed in Annexure 1) convened a meeting at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, to revise the guidelines for management of diarrhea in children. The focus of this review was oral rehydration solutions, zinc and probiotics in acute diarrhea, drug treatment of dysentery, and management of diarrhea in the young infant and severely malnourished subjects. The
Impact of South Pacific Subtropical Dipole Mode on the Equatorial Pacific

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that a sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) dipole in the subtropical South Pacific (SPSD), which peaks in austral summer (January–March), is dominated by thermodynamic processes. Observational analyses and numerical experiments were used to investigate the influence of SPSD mode on the equatorial Pacific. The model is an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a reduced gravity ocean model. An SPSD-like SSTA was imposed on 1st March, after which the model was free to evolve until the end of the year. The coupled model response showed that warm SSTAs extend toward the equator with northwesterly wind anomalies, and then grow to El Nino-like anomalies by the end of the year. SPSD forcing weakens southeasterly trade winds, and propagates warm SSTA toward the equator through wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. Meanwhile, relaxation of trade winds in the eastern equatorial Pacific depresses the thermocline and upwelling. Eastward anomalous currents near the e.