Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symposium on ear diseases. III. The older cleft palate patient. (A Clinical Otologic‐Audiologic Study.)

A clinical study of 100 randomly selected cleft lip and/or palate adult patients, ages 14 to 77 years. Forty‐nine out of 100 were otologically normal. Forty‐two out of 100 were audiologically normal. A negative history of past ear disease is not an accurate screening method for abnormality. Auditory impairments (27 out of 58) suggesting a sensori‐neural loss were found in relatively young adults. Is there a progressive degenerative sensori‐neural hearing impairment in congenital cleft disease? Thirty‐one out of 58 had conductive losses: these were correlated with the otologic findings on examination. Twenty‐three out of 100 had had palatal pharyn‐goplasty. The surgical procedure to reduce hypernasality probably does not aggravate the Eustachian tubal dysfunction.
Mandatory community-based learning in U.S. urban high schools: fair equality of opportunity?

This study explores participant experiences at two contrasting high schools in a large, urban school district in crisis who implemented mandatory community-based learning (CBL) (e.g. community service, work-based internships) as a policy of reform. Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness is used to examine capacity of the district formal policy to achieve fair equality of opportunity central to its democratic aims and purposes. Researchers found disparities in equity and access was associated with critical agencies exercised on the part of key school personnel (e.g. internship coordinator) who navigated and resisted contextual structural barriers (i.e. transportation limitations, employer inflexibility, neighborhood economic conditions, cultural and religious norms) differently. Findings suggest implications for U.S. urban school districts with formal policies of mandatory CBL including consideration of local context and exercise of critical agency at multiple district levels prior to implementation in order to build capacity for formal equality of opportunity.
Edible Oil Deficit and Its Impact on Food Expenditure in Pakistan

This study is an attempt to analyze the imp act of Edible Oil Deficit on Food Expenditure in Pakistan for the period 1971-2008. Edible oil deficit is one of the major concerns for the policy-makers in Pakistan. Despite of having agriculture based economy; Pakistan is unable to fulfil her domestic demand of edible oil by local production. This situation forces the government to import edible oil and oil seeds from other countries. This import not only increases our balance of payment deficit but also it negatively affects the ability to finance the external debt repayments. Autoregressive Distributed Lag model has been used to analyse the long run relationship amongst the variables. Other important determinants of food expenditure along with edible oil deficit were also used to check for their collective long run impact. It was found that long run negative relationship exists between edible oil deficit and food expenditure and hence the result derives the policy implication that there is a need to boost up the efforts in the agriculture sector to steadily increase the local production of oil seeds in the country. The relationship between the per capita GDP and food expenditure is found to be positive and significant with elasticity of 0.261 suggesting that 1 percent increase in per capita GDP will cause food expenditure to increase by 0.26 percent. The relationship between food subsidy and food expenditure is found to be insignificant suggesting that due to improper targeting and consumer’s perception about quality and accessibility of subsidised food, Government’s food support programmes are not effective.
Motion control of multiple autonomous mobile robots handling a large object in coordination

In, this paper, we discuss a problem relating to the force/moment transformation for the handling of a large object by multiple mobile robots in coordination. We propose a control algorithm using geometrical constraints among the grasping points and the representative point of the object, which reduce the effect of noise amplified by force/moment transformation. We extend this algorithm to the decentralized control algorithm of multiple robots handling an object in coordination. The proposed control algorithm is experimentally applied to the mobile robots. Experimental results illustrate the validity of the proposed control algorithm.
Classification of corkscrew collaterals in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): relationship between corkscrew type and prevalence of ischemic ulcers.

BACKGROUND A corkscrew collateral appearance on angiography is one of the diagnostic criteria for Buerger's disease. The purpose of the present study was to classify the angiographic findings of corkscrew collaterals and to evaluate the relationship between corkscrew collateral type and the severity of Buerger's disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Corkscrew collaterals were assessed on digital subtraction angiography in lower extremities of 28 patients with Buerger's disease (55 limbs). The corkscrew sign was classified into 4 types by size and pattern as follows: type I, artery diameter >2 mm, large helical sign; type II, diameter >1.5 mm and <or=2 mm, medium helical sign; type III, diameter >or=1 mm and <or=1.5 mm, small helical sign; and type IV, diameter <1 mm, tiny helical sign. The prevalence of ischemic ulcers was significantly higher in patients with types III and IV corkscrew collaterals than in patients with types I and II corkscrew collaterals either below or above the knee. Multiple regression analysis indicated that types III and IV below the knee are independent predictors of risk of ischemic ulcers. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ischemic ulcers is significantly higher in patients who have small corkscrew patterns in distal segments of limb collaterals than in patients who have large corkscrew collaterals.
Optic nerve oxygen tension: the effects of timolol and dorzolamide

Background/aims: The authors have previously reported that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide and dorzolamide raise optic nerve oxygen tension (ONPO2) in pigs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether timolol, which belongs to another group of glaucoma drugs called β blockers, has a similar effect. In addition, the effect of dorzolamide and timolol in combination was studied. Methods: Polarographic oxygen electrodes were placed transvitreally over the optic disc in anaesthetised pigs and ONPO2 was recorded continually. Drugs were administered intravenously either as 100 mg timolol followed by 500 mg dorzolamide (n = 5), 500 mg dorzolamide followed by 100 mg timolol (n = 5), or 100 mg timolol and 500 mg dorzolamide given simultaneously (n = 5). Arterial blood pressure, blood gasses, and heart rate were recorded. Results: ONPO2 was unaffected by administration of 100 mg timolol as an intravenous injection (n = 5). Administration of 500 mg dorzolamide by itself significantly increased ONPO2 from 2.96 (SD 0.62) kPa to 3.69 (SD 0.88) kPa (n = 4, p = 0.035). The dorzolamide induced ONPO2 increase was not significantly different from the ONPO2 increases were seen when dorzolamide was administered simultaneous with (n = 5) or 35 minutes (n = 5) after 100 mg timolol. Conclusion: Systemic administration of timolol does not affect the optic nerve oxygen tension despite its lowering effect on the intraocular pressure. Additionally, timolol does not affect the ONPO2 increasing effect of dorzolamide.
Using Online Ratings as a Proxy of Word-of-Mouth in Motion Picture Revenue Forecasting

The emergence of online product review forums has enabled firms to monitor consumer opinions about their products in real-time by mining publicly available information from the Internet. This paper studies the value of online product ratings in revenue forecasting of new experience goods. Our objective is to understand what metrics of online ratings are the most informative indicators of a product’s future sales and how the explanatory power of such metrics compares to that of other variables that have traditionally been used for similar purposes in the past. We focus our attention on online movie ratings and incorporate our findings into practical motion picture revenue forecasting models that use very early (opening weekend) box office and movie ratings data to generate remarkably accurate forecasts of a movie’s future revenue trajectory. Among the metrics of online ratings we considered, we found the valence of user ratings to be the most significant explanatory variable. The gender diversity of online raters was also significant, supporting the theory that word-of-mouth that is more widely dispersed among different social groups is more effective. Interestingly, our analysis found user ratings to be more influential in predicting future revenues than average professional critic reviews. Overall, our study has established that online ratings are a useful source of information about a movie’s long-term prospects, enabling exhibitors and distributors to obtain revenue forecasts of a given accuracy sooner than with older techniques.
Play, Disputes and Social Order : Everyday Life in Two Swedish After-school Centers

This thesis presents a comparative study of everyday life in two Swedish after-school centers (the Bumblebee and the Panda). It is based on 18 months of fieldwork at the two centers and in their surrounding neighborhood. The ethnographic focus is on the micro-analysis of everyday speech and children's conduct in their peer cultures and their interaction with the center's staff. This work draws on theoretical traditions in anthropology (ethnography of speaking and language socialization) and sociology (ethnomethodology and micro-sociology), in demonstrating that language, conduct and culture are interrelated. The primary concern of this study is how the participants at the two centers organize their lives, creating and maintaining particulair cultural, social and linguistic orders. Situated activities such as play, disputes, teasing, secrets and control events are interpreted as they convey how talk and actions are organized and organize the social order at the respective center; reflecting the participants' notions of self, cultural values and ideas, and patterns of socialization in Swedish culture. The examination of social practices at the respective center reveals different ways of controlling children ('order through talk' and 'talk about order), but also different interactional patterns among the children at the respective centers. Disputes is the predominant activity among the children at the Panda whereas the children at the Bumblebee are more often involved in teasing and secrets. In this way, two different types of social organizations develop at. the two centers. From this, the interdependence between children's ways of acting and the staffs way of dealing with the children are discussed. Although control events are differently displayed at the two centers, they also reveal homogeneous cultural patterns about how authority is handled. At both centers authority is problematic, and is handled. through indirectness and alliances. Alliances are shown to play a central role in children's peer culture as well. An examination of the peer culture shows how the creation of social identities and alliances is linked to the children's involvement in play activities {disputes, teasing and secrets). The analysis of the peer activities illuminates children's interactional order, which differentiates children from adults. The children's peer culture is related to the broader socio-cultural context, as well, including child-rearing practices, child care ideology, and Swedish culture, in order tounderstand how these permeate the children's everyday lives.
Job Expectations and Intention to Leave in a State Child Welfare Agency

A cross–sectional survey of Connecticut's child welfare staff examined reasons for taking a public child welfare position and job expectations to better understand why workers leave. Workers who take jobs because they are committed to the mission of the agency were more satisfied and less inclined to leave. Regardless of why workers accepted the position, they were more likely to think about leaving if they thought the organization did not provide what they expected. These findings suggest that the reasons why workers choose to take a job in public child welfare may be as important as the reasons why workers choose to leave, and managers may need to consider workers' job expectations when addressing worker retention.
Mentor education: challenging mentors’ beliefs about mentoring

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight university-based mentor education as a negative antecedent to mentors’ beliefs which are consistent with judgementoring (Hobson and Malderez, 2013). The concept of beliefs consistent with judgementoring (evaluative or judgemental mentoring) is introduced as a quantitative construct which is then used as a dependent variable. The concept of “folk mentoring” is introduced to theorise why and how mentor education may challenge mentors’ beliefs about mentoring. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modelling of cross-sectional survey data is used to estimate and compare the strengths between mentors’ perceived self-efficacy, role clarity, experience and education as independent variables and beliefs about mentoring aligned with judgementoring as the dependent variable. The survey was completed by 146 mentors who attended mentor education programmes in universities and university colleges across Norway. Findings – The findings indicate that mentor.
Utilización del ordenador y rendimiento acádemico entre los estudiantes españoles de 15 años

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between computer use and the academic achievement of 15-year-old Spanish students. Specifically, the first objective has been the analysis of the relationship between the frequency of computer use by young students at home or at school and the results they achieve in standardized tests that measure mathematical, reading and scientific skills. A second objective has been an analysis of the type of activities carried out with the computer and achievement in the same skills. To cover both objectives, the data collected in the PISA 2006 assessment, promoted by the OECD, were used. A total of 19,604 15-year-old Spanish students from state or private schools all over the country participated in the study,. The analysis has been based on the calculation of some basic descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques. The economic, social and cultural status of the families was also considered as a predicting variable, in order to include its effect on achievement in
Religious education and ethical attitude of Muslim adolescents in Malaysia

Purpose – The study aims to investigate the students' perceptions on the teaching of Islamic education in the Malaysian secondary schools. The study will also look into the students' attitudes based on their personal self-evaluation as well as to examine the relationship between these two variables. Design/methodology/approach – The study employs quantitative and survey research design. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire which is distributed to samples that were randomly selected in representing the selected population among students of Malaysian secondary schools. The instrument used is a modification of instrument developed by Ab Halim et al., Ahmad Munawar and dan Azhar. The pilot study done shows a high reliability of 0.924 for the assessment of Islamic education teachings and 0.869 for the aspect of Islamic attitudes. 3,262 Form 4 and 6 students from selected schools in Malaysia participated in the study. The data were analyzed to display the frequency, percentage, mean, stan.
Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Outpatients—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A common adverse effect of antibiotic use is diarrhea. Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, upon oral ingestion, may prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) by the normalization of an unbalanced gastrointestinal flora. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the benefits and harms of probiotics used for the prevention of AAD in an outpatient setting. A search of the PubMed database was conducted and yielded a total of 17 RCTs with 3631 participants to be included in the review. A meta-analysis was conducted for the primary outcome: the incidence of AAD. The pooled results found that AAD was present in 8.0% of the probiotic group compared to 17.7% in the control group (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.66; I2 = 58%), and the species-specific results were similar regarding the probiotic strains L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii. However, the overall quality of the included studies was moderate. A meta-analysis of the ten trials reporting adverse events demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between the intervention and control group (RD 0.00, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.02, 2.363 participants). The results suggests that probiotic use may be beneficial in the prevention of AAD among outpatients. Furthermore, the use of probiotics appears safe.
Lawrence Kohlberg's Approach to Moral Education

PrefaceAcknowledgementsIntroductionFrom Moral Discussion to Democratic Governance, with Joseph ReimerThe Just Community Approach: Democracy in a Communitarian Mode, with Joseph ReimerA Week in the Life of Cluster, with Joseph ReimerAssessing the Moral Culture of SchoolsThe Development of Cluster's Moral Culture, with Marvin BerkowitzThe Scarsdale Alternative High School, with Judy CoddingS.W. S. : A Second Perspective on Democratic SchoolingComparing Moral Cultures: Results and Case StudiesIndividual Moral Development as an Outcome of Democratic Schooling, with Marvin BerkowitzThe Just Community Approach in ProspectReferencesIndex
A Multiple Perspective Analysis of the Role of Language in Inquiry Science Learning: To Build a Tower

The role of language in science learning is coming into focus for science education researchers from a number of perspectives. With a constructivist paradigm dominating the field, language is being explored for its role in facilitating and assessing learning and in understanding complex interactions related to science teaching and learning. This paper, by opening a window onto a variety of techniques, methods, and approaches to the analysis of one short discussion between several elementary students, presents the opportunity to continue and enhance the dialogue about ways to research and understand children's discourse during science activities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify issues relating to the interaction between language and science learning and to relate these issues to different theoretical perspectives. From this "discourse about discourse" the authors identify and share avenues for further research, including methodological approaches and implications for the classroom teacher. The researchers examine a two-and-one- half minute videotape of three boys constructing a tower of plastic drinking straws as part of a unit called "Engineering for Children: Structures" which was presented in a mixed fourth- and fifth-grade class.
A Systematic Review of Complications and Failures Associated With Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation

Background: Patellofemoral instability affects activities of daily living and hinders athletic participation. Over the past 2 decades, more attention has been paid to medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocations/subluxations. Numerous techniques have been reported; however, there is no consensus regarding optimal reconstruction. Purpose: This study sought to report on the various techniques for MPFL reconstruction described in the literature and to assess the rate of complications associated with the procedure. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed in early October 2010 using keywords “medial patellofemoral ligament,” “MPFL,” “reconstruction,” “complication(s),” and “failure(s). ” Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Graft choice, surgical technique, outcome measures, and complications were recorded and organized in a database. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data collected. Results: Twenty-five articles were identified and reviewed. A total of 164 complications occurred in 629 knees (26.1%). These adverse events ranged from minor to major including patellar fracture, failures, clinical instability on postoperative examination, loss of knee flexion, wound complications, and pain. Twenty-six patients returned to the operating room for additional procedures. Conclusion: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction has a high rate of success for patients with patellofemoral instability; however, the complication rate of 26.1% associated with this procedure is not trivial. This study quantified complications and documented the variety of complications reported in outcomes-based literature.
Evolution of a derived protein–protein interaction between HoxA11 and Foxo1a in mammals caused by changes in intramolecular regulation

Current models of developmental evolution suggest changes in gene regulation underlie the evolution of morphology. Despite the fact that protein complexes regulate gene expression, the evolution of regulatory protein complexes is rarely studied. Here, we investigate the evolution of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Homeobox A11 (HoxA11) and Forkhead box 01A (Foxo1a). Using extant and “resurrected” ancestral proteins, we show that the physical interaction between HoxA11 and Foxo1a originated in the mammalian stem lineage. Functional divergence tests and coimmunoprecipitation with heterologous protein pairs indicate that the evolution of interaction was attributable to changes in HoxA11, and deletion studies demonstrate that the interaction interface is located in the homeodomain region of HoxA11. However, there are no changes in amino acid sequence in the homeodomain region during this time period, indicating that the origin of the derived PPI was attributable to changes outside the binding interface. We infer that the amino acid substitutions in HoxA11 altered Foxo1a's access to the conserved binding interface at the HoxA11 homeodomain. We also found an expansion in the number of paired Hox/Fox binding sites in the genomes of mammalian lineage species suggesting the complex has a biological function. Our data indicate that the physical interaction between HoxA11 and Foxo1a evolved through noninterface changes that facilitate the PPI, which prevents inappropriate interactions, rather than through the evolution of a novel binding interface. We speculate that evolutionary changes of intramolecular regulation have limited pleiotropic effects compared with changes to interaction domains themselves.