Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study on Vocabulary Size among Different Levels of the University Students

The objectives of this research were to know students’ vocabulary size; and to know whether there was significant difference of vocabulary size among the students of different levels of English Education Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Makassar Muhammadiyah University in academic year 2017/2018. This study used quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study as the design of the study. The sample of this study were the first, third, fifth, and seventh semester students. The instrument of this study is a vocabulary size test. It used one-way ANOVA to analyze the data of the test. The findings reveal that the highest mean score was the seventh semester students and the lowest mean score was the third semester students. And the most beyond expectation was the mean score of the first semester students which gone over the third and fifth semester students’ mean score. There is significant difference of the vocabulary size among the students of different levels. The result showed F-value (F 0 ) 11.11 is greater than F-table (F t ) 2.60, (11.11 ≥ 2.60). Then the p value is 0.000 lower than 0.05 (0.000 ≤ 0.05). Hence, it can be concluded that H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted. Post Hoc Multiple Comparison showed that significant difference did not exist between some groups and only exist between two groups. Clearly, from the result, it can be said that there was significant difference of vocabulary size among the university students of different levels of English Department of Makassar Muhammadiyah University. Keywords: vocabulary, vocabulary size test
Collaborative sensemaking on a digital tabletop and personal tablets: prioritization, comparisons, and tableaux

We describe an investigation of the support that three different display configurations provided for a collaborative sensemaking task: a digital table; personal tablets; and both the tabletop and personal tablets. Mixed-methods analyses revealed that the presence of a digital tabletop display led to improved sensemaking performance, and identified activities that were supported by the shared workspace. The digital tabletop supported a group's ability to prioritize information, to make comparisons between task data, and to form and critique the group's working hypothesis. Analyses of group performance revealed a positive correlation with equity of member participation using the shared digital table, and a negative correlation of equity of member participation using personal tablets. Implications for the support of sensemaking groups, and the use of equity of member participation as a predictive measure of their performance are discussed.
Anti-cooperative Oxidation of Ubiquinol by the Yeast Cytochrome bc1 Complex*

We have investigated the interaction between monomers of the dimeric yeast cytochrome bc1 complex by analyzing the pre-steady and steady state activities of the isolated enzyme in the presence of antimycin under conditions that allow the first turnover of ubiquinol oxidation to be observable in cytochrome c1 reduction. At pH 8.8, where the redox potential of the iron-sulfur protein is ∼200 mV and in a bc1 complex with a mutated iron-sulfur protein of equally low redox potential, the amount of cytochrome c1 reduced by several equivalents of decyl-ubiquinol in the presence of antimycin corresponded to only half of that present in the bc1 complex. Similar experiments in the presence of several equivalents of cytochrome c also showed only half of the bc1 complex participating in quinol oxidation. The extent of cytochrome b reduced corresponded to two bH hemes undergoing reduction through one center P per dimer, indicating electron transfer between the two cytochrome b subunits. Antimycin stimulated the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity of the bc1 complex at low inhibitor/enzyme ratios. This stimulation could only be fitted to a model in which half of the bc1 dimer is inactive when both center N sites are free, becoming active upon binding of one center N inhibitor molecule per dimer, and there is electron transfer between the cytochrome b subunits of the dimer. These results are consistent with an alternating half-of-the-sites mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation in the bc1 complex dimer.
Investigation of low frequency drift in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder fMRI Signal

This paper analyzes the resting state fMRI signal of 21 ADHD subjects and 27 healthy volunteers, and proposes a novel method for extracting an effective feature in frequency domain. Utilizing this feature, the ADHD subjects and the control persons are classified with an accuracy of 95.83% by support vector machine (SVM). Furthermore, using this method, some specific brain regions such as the right amygdaloid nucleus, the left thalamus, cerebellum and vermis, with high classification accuracies, are relative to the pathological mechanism of ADHD which are consistent with the previous research results.
Integration of population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics: an aid to optimal nevirapine dose selection in HIV-infected individuals

Background Nevirapine is metabolized by CYP2B6 and polymorphisms within the CYP2B6 gene partly explain inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to model the complex relationship between nevirapine exposure, weight and genetics (based on combined analysis of CYP2B6 516G > T and 983T > C single nucleotide polymorphisms). Methods Non-linear mixed-effects modelling was used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters from 275 patients. Simulations of the nevirapine concentration profile were performed with dosing regimens of 200 mg twice daily and 400 mg once daily for individuals with body weights of 50, 70 and 90 kg in combination with CYP2B6 genetic variation. Results A one-compartment model with first-order absorption best described the data. Population clearance was 3.5 L/h with inter-patient variability of 24.6%. 516T homozygosity and 983C heterozygosity were associated with 37% and 40% lower clearance, respectively. Body weight was the only significant demographic factor influencing clearance, which increased by 5% for every 10 kg increase. For individuals with higher body weight, once-daily nevirapine was associated with a greater risk of sub-therapeutic drug exposure than a twice-daily regimen. This risk was offset in individuals who were 516T homozygous or 983C heterozygous in which drug exposure was optimal for > 95% of patients with body weight of ≤70 kg. Conclusions The data suggest that a 400 mg once-daily dose could be implemented in accordance with CYP2B6 polymorphism and body weight. However, the use of nevirapine once daily (immediate release; off-label) in the absence of therapeutic drug monitoring is not recommended due to the risk of inadequate exposure to nevirapine in a high proportion of patients. There are different considerations for the extended-release formulation (nevirapine XR) that demonstrate minimal peak-to-trough fluctuations in plasma nevirapine levels.
Expression of neurofilament subunits in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system: an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies

The extent to which all neurofilament (NF) subunits (NF68, NF150, NF200) are expressed by different populations of mature CNS and PNS neurons is controversial. We addressed this issue in immunohistochemical studies of mature bovine tissues using monoclonal antibodies specific for each bovine NF subunit. All three NF subunits were detected in the perikarya and neurites of both CNS and PNS neurons; they were seen in nearly all PNS neuronal perikarya, and in all identifiable CNS and PNS axons. Most, but not all, CNS neuronal perikarya contained each of these NF antigens. CNS neurons devoid of immunodetectable NF antigens were generally small. The presence of low levels of NF antigens in neurons with scant perikaryal cytoplasm may account for the apparent absence of NF immunoreactivity in some classes of neurons, although other explanations, such as microheterogeneity among NF proteins, could account for this finding. NF antigens were also seen in some cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (adrenal chromaffin cells and cells of the pars distalis and pars intermedia), but not in other cell types. We suggest that the expression of all three NF subunits is a common feature of CNS and PNS neurons and their processes, and of some cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These findings have implications for hypotheses concerning the structure and function of the intermediate filaments of neurons, and for hypotheses concerning neurodegenerative diseases involving NF proteins.
Executive Networks and Firm Policies: Evidence from the Random Assignment of MBA Peers

Using the historical random assignment of MBA students to sections at Harvard Business School, I explore how executive peer networks can affect managerial decision-making and firm policies. Within an HBS class, firm outcomes are significantly more similar among graduates from the same section than among graduates from different sections, with the strongest effects in executive compensation and acquisitions strategy. Both compensation and acquisitions propensities have elasticities of 10-20% with respect to the mean characteristics of section peers. I demonstrate the important role of ongoing social interactions by showing that peer effects are more than twice as strong in the year immediately following staggered alumni reunions. A variety of other tests suggest that peer influence can operate through direct reactions to peer outcomes in ways that do not necessarily contribute to firm productivity.
Effects of biologically active metabolites of tamoxifen on the proliferation kinetics of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro.

The effects of two major metabolites of tamoxifen, N-demethyltamoxifen (DMT) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT), on MCF-7 cell proliferation and cell cycle kinetic parameters were compared with those of the parent compound. All three compounds produced dose-dependent decreases in the rate of cell proliferation which were accompanied by decreases in the percentage of S- and G2-M-phase cells. 4OHT was 100- to 167-fold more potent than both tamoxifen and DMT in producing these effects, and this was correlated with their relative binding affinities (RBAs) for the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) (17 beta-estradiol = 100, 4OHT = 41, tamoxifen = DMT = 2). At doses less than or equal to 2.5 microM, these effects were completely reversed by 17 beta-estradiol, but the required 17 beta-estradiol:antiestrogen concentration ratios differed, i.e., 1:10 to 1:1 for 4OHT compared with 1:1000 to 1:100 for tamoxifen and DMT. Although the concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol required for reversal were related to affinity of the metabolite for ER, they were 5- to 20-fold lower than predicted from the measured RBAs. When the rate of cell proliferation was measured over a range of concentrations of antiestrogen, in the presence or absence of 17 beta-estradiol, it was highly correlated (r2 = 0.96) with the percentage of S-phase cells. In addition to these 17 beta-estradiol-reversible events, all three compounds caused 17 beta-estradiol-irreversible cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (greater than or equal to 7.5 microM DMT and 4OHT, 10 microM tamoxifen). The order of potency in producing this effect was DMT greater than 4OHT greater than tamoxifen, which correlated with neither the RBAs for ER nor the RBAs for the high-affinity microsomal antiestrogen binding site. These data support the concept that estrogens and antiestrogens compete for a common event which regulates the rate of cell proliferation probably by controlling the proportion of cells entering S phase. Although it appears likely that ER is intimately involved in this regulatory process, 17 beta-estradiol-irreversible mechanisms are also involved in antiestrogen action in vitro.
Assessing the relative importance of neutral stochasticity in ecological communities

A central current debate in community ecology concerns the relative importance of deterministic versus stochastic processes underlying community structure. However, the concept of stochasticity presents several profound philosophical, theoretical and empirical challenges, which we address here. The philosophical argument that nothing in nature is truly stochastic can be met with the following operational concept of neutral stochasticity in community ecology: change in the composition of a community (i.e. community dynamics) is neutrally stochastic to the degree that individual demographic events – birth, death, immigration, emigration – which cause such changes occur at random with respect to species identities. Empirical methods for identifying the stochastic component of community dynamics or structure include null models and multivariate statistics on observational species-by-site data (with or without environmental or trait data), and experimental manipulations of ‘stochastic’ species colonization order or relative densities and frequencies of competing species. We identify the fundamental limitations of each method with respect to its ability to allow inferences about stochastic community processes. Critical future needs include greater precision in articulating the link between results and ecological inferences, a comprehensive theoretical assessment of the interpretation of statistical analyses of observational data, and experiments focusing on community size and on natural variation in species colonization order. Synthesis Community structure and dynamics have often been described as being underlain by ‘stochastic’ or ‘neutral’ processes, but there is great confusion as to what exactly this means. We attempt to provide conceptual clarity by specifying precisely what focal ecological variable (e.g. species distributions, community composition, demography) is considered to be stochastic with respect to what other variables (e.g. other species' distributions, traits, environment) when using different empirical methods. We clarify what inferences can be drawn by different observational and experimental approaches, and we suggest future avenues of research to better understand the role of neutral stochasticity in community ecology.
Measurement of circulating forms of prostate-specific antigen in whole blood immediately after venipuncture: implications for point-of-care testing.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to validate the use of whole-blood samples in the determination of circulating forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). METHODS Blood samples of hospitalized prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients were collected and processed to generate whole-blood and serum samples. Three different rapid two-site immunoassays were developed to measure the concentrations of total PSA (PSA-T), free PSA (PSA-F), and PSA-alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin complex (PSA-ACT) to detect in vitro changes in whole-blood samples immediately after venipuncture. The possible influence of muscle movement on the release of PSA from prostate gland was studied in healthy men by measuring the rapid in vitro whole-blood kinetics of PSA forms before and after 15 min of physical exercise on a stationary bicycle. RESULTS Rapid PSA-T, PSA-F, and PSA-ACT assays were designed using a 10-min sample incubation. No significant changes were detected in the concentrations of PSA-T, PSA-F, and PSA-ACT from the earliest time point of 12-16 min compared with measurements performed up to 4 h after venipuncture. Physical exercise did not influence the concentrations of the circulating forms of PSA. Hematocrit-corrected whole-blood values of PSA-T and PSA-F forms were comparable to the respective serum values. Calculation of the percentage of PSA-F (PSA F/T ratio x 100) was similar irrespective of the sample format used, i.e., whole blood or serum. CONCLUSIONS We found that immunodetectable PSA forms are likely at steady state immediately after venipuncture, thus enabling the use of anticoagulated whole-blood samples in near-patient settings for point-of-care testing, whereas determinations of PSA (e.g., PSA-T, PSA-F, or PSA-ACT) performed within the time frame of the office visit would provide results equivalent to conventional analyses performed in serum.
Psychosocial work environment and leisure-time physical activity: the Stormont study.

BACKGROUND Research findings on the relationship between the psychosocial work environment and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are equivocal. This might partly be due to studies having focused on a restricted set of psychosocial dimensions, thereby failing to capture all relevant domains. AIMS To examine cross-sectional associations between seven psychosocial work environment domains and LTPA in a large sample of UK civil servants and to profile LTPA and consider this in relation to UK government recommendations on physical activity. METHODS In 2012 Northern Ireland Civil Service employees completed a questionnaire including measures of psychosocial working conditions (Management Standards Indicator Tool) and LTPA. We applied bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses to examine relations between psychosocial working conditions and LTPA. RESULTS Of 26000 civil servants contacted, 5235 (20%) completed the questionnaire. 24% of men and 17% of women reported having undertaken 30min or more of physical activity on five or more days in the past week. In men, job control (-0.08) and peer support (-0.05) were weakly but significantly negatively correlated with LTPA, indicating that higher levels of exposure to these psychosocial hazards was associated with lower levels of LTPA. Job role (-0.05) was weakly but significantly negatively correlated with LTPA in women. These psychosocial work characteristics accounted for 1% or less of the variance in LTPA. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal research to examine cause-effect relations between psychosocial work characteristics and LTPA might identify opportunities for psychosocial job redesign to increase employees' physical activity during leisure time.
Roles of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in peri-operation of transcatheter left atrial appendage closure

Abstract Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is a new treatment option for the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Conventional 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) has some limitations in the imaging assessment of LAA closure. Real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D TEE) allows for detailed morphologic assessment of the LAA. In this study, we aim to determine the clinical values of RT-3D TEE in the periprocedure of LAA closure. Thirty-eight persistent or paroxysmal AF patients with indications for LAA closure were enrolled in this study. RT-3D TEE full volume data of the LAA were recorded before operation to evaluate the anatomic feature, the landing zone dimension, and the depth of the LAA. On this basis, selection of LAA closure device was carried out. During the procedure, RT-3D TEE was applied to guide the interatrial septal puncture, device operation, and evaluate the occlusion effects. The patients were follow-up 1 month and 3 months postclosure. Twenty-eight (73.7%) patients with AF received placement of LAA occlusion device under RT-3D TEE. Eleven cases with single-lobe LAAs were identified using RT-3D TEE, among which 4 showed limited depth. Seventeen cases showed bilobed or multilobed LAA. Seven cases received LAA closure using Lefort and 21 using LAmbre based on the 3D TEE and radiography. The landing zone dimension of the LAA measured by RT-3D TEE Flexi Slice mode was better correlated with the device size used for occlusion (r = 0.90) than 2D TEE (r = 0.88). The interatial septal puncture, the exchange of the sheath, as well as the release of the device were executed under the guidance of RT-3D TEE during the procedure. The average number of closure devices utilized for optimal plugging was (1.11 ± 0.31). There were no clinically unacceptable residual shunts, pericardial effusion, or tamponade right after occlusion. All the patients had the device well-seated and no evidence of closure related complications in the follow-up. Assessment of LAA morphology by RT-3D TEE contributes to the decision of device selection for the closure. 3D TEE is a reliable imaging modality to guide device operation and assess on-site closure.
Person tracking with a mobile robot based on multi-modal anchoring

The ability to robustly track a person is an important prerequisite for human-robot-interaction. This paper presents a hybrid approach for integrating vision and laser range data to track a human. The legs of a person can be extracted from laser range data while skin-colored faces are detectable in camera images showing the upper body part of a person. As these algorithms provide different percepts originating from the same person, the perceptual results have to be combined. We link the percepts to their symbolic counterparts legs and face by anchoring processes as defined by Coradeschi and Saffiotti. To anchor the composite symbol person we extend the anchoring framework with a fusion module integrating the individual anchors. This allows to deal with perceptual algorithms having different spatio-temporal properties and provides a structured way for integrating anchors from multiple modalities. An example with a mobile robot tracking a person demonstrates the performance of our approach.
An analysis of language and speech disorders in preschool children in Turkey: The case of Beypazarı

The children with early language and speech delay have the risk to face with learning disabilities as well as psychological and behavioral adjustment problems in the preschool period. The aim of this study to analyse the language and speech disoders in the children aged between 3 and 6 years who attend kindergarden. 503 children who attend the kindergarden were determined in Beypazari. However, 101 children were out of study for various reasons (N:402). The implementation of the study consists of two stages. In the first stage, the language and speech development of the children was questioned. The Turkish Preschool Language Scale–5 (TPLS-5) test was administered to the risky children in the second stage. A moderate (0,30 0) and a significant correlation (p 0) and significant correlation (p<0,01) was found between the chronological and expressive language of the children. The language and speech disorder has an important potential negative effect on families and societies both in the short and the long term. For this reason, it is quite important to follow the language and speech development of children closely in the preschool period.