Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars

We compare the amount of magnetic flux measured in Stokes V and Stokes I in a sample of early- and mid-M stars around the boundary to full convection (~M3.5). Early-M stars possess a radiative core, mid-M stars are fully convective. While Stokes V is sensitive to the net polarity of magnetic flux arising mainly from large-scale configurations, Stokes I measurements can see the total mean flux. We find that in early-M dwarfs, only ~6% of the total magnetic flux is detected in Stokes V. This ratio is more than twice as large, ~14%, in fully convective mid-M dwarfs. The bulk of the magnetic flux on M-dwarfs is not seen in Stokes V. This is presumably because magnetic flux is mainly stored in small scale components. There is also more to learn about the effect of the weak-field approximation on the accuracy of strong field detections. In our limited sample, we see evidence for a change in magnetic topology at the boundary to full convection. Fully convective stars store a 2-3 times higher fraction of their flux in fields visible to Stokes V. We estimate the total magnetic energy detected in Stokes I and compare it to results from Stokes V. We find that in early-M dwarfs only ~0.5% of the total magnetic energy is detected in Stokes V while this fraction is ~2.5% in mid-M dwarfs.
A multi-beam model of antenna array pat-tern synthesis based on conic trust region method

In this paper, we propose a multi-beam model for antenna array pattern synthesis (AAPS) problem. The model uses a conic trust region algorithm (CTRA) similarly proposed in this paper to optimize its cost function. Undoubtedly, whole algorithm e-ciency ultimately lies on the CTRA, thereof, we propose a method to improve the iterative algorithm's e-ciency. Unlike traditional trust region methods that resolve sub-problems, the CTRA e-ciently searches a region via solving a inequation, by which it identifles new iteration points when a trial step is rejected. Thus, the proposed algorithm improves computational e-ciency. Moreover, the CTRA has strong convergence properties with the local superlinear and quadratic convergence rate under mild conditions, and exhibits high e-ciency and robustness. Finally, we apply the combinative algorithm to AAPS. Numerical results show that the method is highly robust, and computer simulations indicate that the algorithm excellently performs AAPS problem.
Jun N-terminal kinase maintains tissue integrity during cell rearrangement in the gut

Tissue elongation is a fundamental morphogenetic process that generates the proper anatomical topology of the body plan and vital organs. In many elongating embryonic structures, tissue lengthening is driven by Rho family GTPase-mediated cell rearrangement. During this dynamic process, the mechanisms that modulate intercellular adhesion to allow individual cells to change position without compromising structural integrity are not well understood. In vertebrates, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is also required for tissue elongation, but the precise cellular role of JNK in this context has remained elusive. Here, we show that JNK activity is indispensable for the rearrangement of endoderm cells that underlies the elongation of the Xenopus gut tube. Whereas Rho kinase is necessary to induce cell intercalation and remodel adhesive contacts, we have found that JNK is required to maintain cell-cell adhesion and establish parallel microtubule arrays; without JNK activity, the reorganizing endoderm dissociates. Depleting polymerized microtubules phenocopies this effect of JNK inhibition on endoderm morphogenesis, consistent with a model in which JNK regulates microtubule architecture to preserve adhesive contacts between rearranging gut cells. Thus, in contrast to Rho kinase, which generates actomyosin-based tension and cell movement, JNK signaling is required to establish microtubule stability and maintain tissue cohesion; both factors are required to achieve proper cell rearrangement and gut extension. This model of gut elongation has implications not only for the etiology of digestive tract defects, but sheds new light on the means by which intra- and intercellular forces are balanced to promote topological change, while preserving structural integrity, in numerous morphogenetic contexts.
The influence of the coach-athlete relationship on coaching efficacy

Bandura's (1997) theory of self-efficacy which was extended by Feltz et al. (1999) models of coaching efficacy provided framework for examining the relationship between coaching-efficacy and the coach athlete relationship. This study examined the relationship between NCAA head coaches' coaching efficacy and their coach-athlete relationship. NCAA coaches (N=632) completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES), and the Coach Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). A canonical correlation between the subscales of the CES and the subscales of the CART-Q revealed that the subscales of coach-athlete relationship contributed significantly to the explanation of coaching efficacy. MANOVAs revealed significant differences in both CES as well as CART-Q subscales between coaches of individual and team sports, male and female coaches, and winning versus non-winning coaches. This study indicates that there is a significant relationship between coaching efficacy and the coach-athlete relationship and that this interaction should continue to be studied further.
Yolk protein hydrolysis and oocyte free amino acids as key features in the adaptive evolution of teleost fishes to seawater

The ancestors of teleost fishes lived in freshwater for about 250 million years before returning to the sea during the Jurassic period The hyposmotic blood of extant marine teleosts is assumed to reflect this freshwater origin. About 100 million years ago the palaeontological record shows a sudden differentiation of the teleosts with a burst of new species evolving. This transition from freshwater to the sea demanded certain osmotic adaptations in order to maintain homeostasis.These osmotic adaptations especially apply to the embryos since they lack the organs responsible for osmoregulation in the adult fish. At spawning, marine fish eggs must contain a water reservoir to compensate for the passive water loss imposed by the hyperosmotic seawater. The high water content of the yolk of marine teleost eggs reflects this water reservoir. Most extant marine fishes, regardless of systematic affinities spawn pelagic eggs. A mechanism must have been established during teleost evolution to bring the water into the.
VocaListener and VocaWatcher: Imitating a human singer by using signal processing

In this paper, we describe three singing information processing systems, VocaListener, VocaListener2, and VocaWatcher, that imitate singing expressions of the voice and face of a human singer. VocaListener can synthesize natural singing voices by analyzing and imitating the pitch and dynamics of the human singing. VocaListener2 imitates temporal timbre changes in addition to the pitch and dynamics. In synchronization with the synthesized singing voices, VocaWatcher can generate realistic facial motions of a humanoid robot, the HRP-4C, by analyzing and imitating facial motions of a human singing that are recorded by a single video camera. These systems that focus on “imitation” are not only promising for representing human-like naturalness, but also useful for providing intuitive control means.
Interaction between the tRNA-Binding and C-Terminal Domains of Yeast Gcn2 Regulates Kinase Activity In Vivo

The stress-activated protein kinase Gcn2 regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α. Gcn2 is activated in amino acid-deprived cells by binding of uncharged tRNA to the regulatory domain related to histidyl-tRNA synthetase, but the molecular mechanism of activation is unclear. We used a genetic approach to identify a key regulatory surface in Gcn2 that is proximal to the predicted active site of the HisRS domain and likely remodeled by tRNA binding. Mutations leading to amino acid substitutions on this surface were identified that activate Gcn2 at low levels of tRNA binding (Gcd- phenotype), while other substitutions block kinase activation (Gcn- phenotype), in some cases without altering tRNA binding by Gcn2 in vitro. Remarkably, the Gcn- substitutions increase affinity of the HisRS domain for the C-terminal domain (CTD), previously implicated as a kinase autoinhibitory segment, in a manner dampened by HisRS domain Gcd- substitutions and by amino acid starvation in vivo. Moreover, tRNA specifically antagonizes HisRS/CTD association in vitro. These findings support a model wherein HisRS-CTD interaction facilitates the autoinhibitory function of the CTD in nonstarvation conditions, with tRNA binding eliciting kinase activation by weakening HisRS-CTD association with attendant disruption of the autoinhibitory KD-CTD interaction.
Retractors of false memories: The evolution of pseudo-memories

The formation of pseudomemories and the subsequent methods used by subjects to eventually distinguish between true and false memories are the primary foci of this study. A survey instrument was distributed to 100 “retractors” after an initial telephone interview with False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF) staff. Forty respondents (40% of the subjects) who returned the questionnaire comprise our study population. The survey inquired about personal and family information, events surrounding the subject's accusations of sexual abuse, childhood history, and the subject's reflections on his or her experience. The process of the development of pseudomemories is highlighted. Subjects also described their feelings and experiences in open-ended questions, including their subjective experience as memories evolved, factors influencing thoughts, feelings and doubts, the process of questioning memories, the process of restoring relationships with family members, and uncertainties about views of memories currently held. We focus on the evolution of pseudomemories, especially the influence of the therapist; we explore the nature of therapy, one that makes an ill patient much worse and that eventually becomes so onerous that patients who still have some remaining reality-testing flee from therapy.
An efficient algorithm for modeling spatially-correlated process variation in statistical full-chip leakage analysis

Statistical full-chip leakage analysis considering spatial correlation is highly expensive due to its O(N2) complexity for logic circuits with N gates. Although efforts have been made to reduce the cost at the loss of accuracy, existing methods are still unsuitable for large-scale problems. In this paper we resolve the problem by re-formulating the computation to one that can be done efficiently using a well-developed technique that has been widely used in fast EM simulation and machine learning areas. The resulting algorithm is provably of O(N) or O(N log N) complexity with well-defined and easily-controlled error bounds. Experiments show that using the proposed method it is feasible to handle million-gate circuits within only a few minutes on a regular desktop PC. The corresponding error is less than 0.5% compared to exhausted computation that takes more than 3 days. The proposed method is about 300X faster and 10X more accurate compared to existing grid-approximation method.
Analysis of the 1999 DARPA/Lincoln Laboratory IDS evaluation data with NetADHICT

The 1999 DARPA/Lincoln Laboratory IDS Evaluation Data has been widely used in the intrusion detection and networking community, even though it is known to have a number of artifacts. Here we show that many of these artifacts, including the lack of damaged or unusual background packets and uniform host distribution, can be easily extracted using NetADHICT, a tool we developed for understanding networks. In addition, using NetADHICT we were able to identify extreme temporal variation in the data, a characteristic that was not identified in past analyses. These results illustrate the utility of NetADHICT in characterizing network traces for experimental purposes.
Valuation of Internet Stocks - an IPO Perspective

We empirically investigate valuations of Internet firms at various stages of the initial public offering (IPO) from two perspectives. First, we examine the association between the valuation of Internet IPOs and a set of financial and nonfinancial variables, which prior anecdotal or empirical evidence suggests may serve as value drivers. Second, we document differences in IPO valuations between Internet and non-Internet firms as well as across different stages in the IPO process—i.e., initial prospectus price, final offer price, and first trading day price—within each set of firms. Our primary two conclusions are as follows. First, there are noticeable differences between valuations of Internet and non-Internet firms, especially at the prospectus and final IPO stage. Specifically, the valuation of non-Internet firms generally follows the conventional wisdom regarding valuation: positive earnings and cash flows are priced, while negative earnings and negative cash flows are not. The valuation of Internet firms, however, departs from conventional wisdom, with earnings not being priced, and negative cash flows being priced perhaps because they are viewed as investments. This difference between the two classes of firms may be expected, given the age and unique nature of the Internet industry. Second, there are significant differences between the initial valuation of firms at the prospectus and IPO stage and their valuation by the stock market at the end of the first trading day. For non-Internet firms, the difference is largely ascribed to the relative offering size. For Internet firms, however, the differences are with respect to positive cash flows, sales growth, R&D, and high-risk warnings, in addition to the relative offering size.
The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem

Since the 1970s, Austronesian higher-order subgrouping has often included a Western Malayo-Polynesian (WMP) node within the larger Malayo-Polyne- sian (MP) group. WMP includes all Malayo-Polynesian languages except for those in Central and Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, although today it is generally not accepted as a valid subgroup. This paper critically assesses WMP, using both linguistic and archaeological evidence. In conclusion, it is claimed that WMP is indeed invalid, and that in its place several primary branches of Malayo-Polynesian are recognized (Western Indonesian, Sumatran, Celebic, South Sulawesi, Chamorro, Palauan, and Moken), plus Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian and Philippines, which may represent either a collection of several yet unnamed primary branches or an innovation-defined linkage. Additionally, it is argued that the 6,750 Proto-WMP reconstructions in the Austronesian comparative dictionary must be reevaluated, where appropriate, as Proto-MP reconstructions.
Internal kinematics of modelled interacting disc galaxies

Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany-/-Abstract. We present an investigation of galaxy-galaxy interactions and their eﬀects on the velocity ﬁelds of discgalaxies in combined N-body/hydrodynamic simulations, which include cooling, star formation with feedback, andgalactic winds. Rotation curves (RCs) of the gas are extracted from these simulations in a way that follows theprocedure applied to observations of distant, small, and faint galaxies as closely as possible. We show that galaxy-galaxy mergers and ﬂy-bys disturb the velocity ﬁelds signiﬁcantly and hence the RCs of the interacting galaxies,leading to asymmetries and distortions in the RCs. Typical features of disturbed kinematics are signiﬁcantly risingor falling proﬁles in the direction of the companion galaxy and pronounced bumps in the RCs. In addition, tidaltails can leave strong imprints on the rotation curve. All these features are observable for intermediate redshiftgalaxies, on which we focus our investigations. We use a quantitative measure for the asymmetry of rotation curvesto show that the appearance of these distortions strongly depends on the viewing angle. We also ﬁnd in this waythat the velocity ﬁelds settle back into relatively undisturbed equilibrium states after unequal mass mergers andﬂy-bys. About 1 Gyr after the ﬁrst encounter, the RCs show no severe distortions anymore. These results areconsistent with previous theoretical and observational studies. As an illustration of our results, we compare oursimulated velocity ﬁelds and direct images with rotation curves from VLT/FORS spectroscopy and ACS imagesof a cluster at z=0.53 and ﬁnd remarkable similarities.Key words. Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - Galaxies: interactions - Methods: numerical
CKM 03 Radiative Penguin Decays from

Electroweak penguin decays provide a promising hunting ground for Physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The decayB → Xsγ, which proceeds through an electromagnetic penguin loop, already provides stringent constraints on the supersymmetric (SUSY) parameter space [1]. The present data samples of ∼ 1 × 108BB̄ events allow to explore radiative penguin decays with branching fractions of the order of 10−6 or less. In this brief report we discuss a study ofB → K (∗) + − decay modes and a search for B→ ρ(ω)γ decays.
Women and Men of the Past, Present, and Future: Evidence of Dynamic Gender Stereotypes in Ghana

People represent social groups by their trajectories through time, producing dynamic stereotypes. To the extent that these stereotypes derive from observations of group members’ behaviors in their typical roles, change in the roles of women and men over time should fuel beliefs that the sexes adopt traits associated with their new roles. Thus, earlier studies have found that stereotypes about the past, present, and future traits of women and men are consistent with beliefs about changes in their social roles. To examine such dynamic stereotypes in an African context, 150 participants from Ghana rated the likelihood of gender-stereotypic personality, cognitive, and physical characteristics of women or men of the past, present, or future in their society. Among the major findings were perceptions of increases over time in women’s masculine characteristics and men’s feminine characteristics. Also, both sexes increased in masculine and feminine cognitive characteristics. Comparison of these Ghanaian findings with those obtained earlier from five other countries revealed both similarities and differences.
Teachers' Attitudes and Levels of Technology Use in Classrooms: The Case of Jordan Schools

Throughout the world there is awareness of the fundamental role of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the field of education. Theoretical and empirical studies have considered the importance of ICTs in the process of teaching and learning. This current paper investigates the level of ICT use for educational purposes by teachers in Jordanian rural secondary schools. The paper will contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the level of ICT use and also, concerning the importance of teachers' attitudes towards the use of ICT for educational purposes. The data for the study were collected through the use of quantitative data. In October 2008, a questionnaire was distributed to 650 teachers in Jordan, randomly selected. Four hundred sixty teachers responded to the questionnaire. The survey included questions concerning the level of ICT use as well as questions related to the attitudes of teachers towards the use of ICT. The findings of the study, which were obtained by analyzing the data collected from the teachers revealed that, teachers had a low level of ICT use for educational purpose, teachers hold positive attitudes towards the use of ICT, and a significant positive correlation between teachers’ level of ICT use and their attitudes towards ICT was found. The findings suggest that ICTs use for educational purposes should be given greater consideration than it currently receives. In general, the results were consistent with those previously reported in studies related to the use of ICT in the educational settings.
Ethical leadership and trust: It's all about meeting expectations

In this study, we examine the effects of different ethical leadership behaviors, as perceived by followers, on the trust that those followers have in their leader. In line with the ethical leadership theory of Brown, Trevino, and Harrison (2005) we explore the following ethical leadership behaviors: role modeling, demonstrating morality, securing ethical behavior, contextualizing success, transmitting organizational values, and encouraging transparency. Using a web-based survey with nearly 500 respondents from European business corporations, we find that most ethical behaviors are positively related to trust. We also find that the more a leader acts in a way that followers feel is the appropriate ethical leader behavior, the more a leader will be trusted. Thus, the relationship between ethical leader behavior and trust is (partly) moderated by the consistency between desired and observed behavior of a leader, as perceived by their followers.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES : EVIDENCE

This study compares the performance of foreign firms with domestic ones in Russia and Ukraine, using recent survey data of 450 enterprises. We find that foreign owned firms are less prone to inter-enterprise arrears and wage arrears, have a better export performance, and use more sophisticated competition strategies. Foreign investment appears to enhance entrepreneurial know-how. In case of de novo firms foreign investment often led to a ‘jump start’ of the enterprise, rather than a gradual adjustment over time. Foreign firms have a positive spill-over effect. They introduce healthy financial management methods, and proliferate badly needed market oriented entrepreneurial knowhow through the managerial market.
Assessing the Relationship between Software Assertions and Faults: An Empirical Investigation

The use of assertions in software development is thought to help produce quality software. Unfortunately, there is scant empirical evidence in commercial software systems for this argument to date. This paper presents an empirical case study of two commercial software components at Microsoft Corporation. The developers of these components systematically employed assertions, which allowed us to investigate the relationship between software assertions and code quality. We also compare the efficacy of assertions against that of popular bug finding techniques like source code static analysis tools. We observe from our case study that with an increase in the assertion density in a file there is a statistically significant decrease in fault density. Further, the usage of software assertions in these components found a large percentage of the faults in the bug database
The Distribution of Vector-Valued Rademacher Series

Let X = P "nxn be a Rademacher series with vector-valued coefficients. We obtain an approximate formula for the distribution of the random variable ||X|| in terms of its mean and a certain quantity derived from the K-functional of inter- polation theory. Several applications of the formula are given.