Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ABCs of RTI: An Introduction to the Building Blocks of Response to Intervention

The change in allowing school districts to use the more prevalent discrepancy model or the new addition of response to intervention to determine whether a disability is present has sparked discussion among educators. As districts decide which method to use, it is important to base decisions on factual and researched information. The authors hope to convey a clearer understanding of response to intervention, issues that still need to be addressed, and how the model could work. This piece includes an overview of response-to-intervention levels or tiers and what can occur for the student within each level. The advantages and current concerns are discussed as well as the quality of instruction that is needed for this model to be implemented effectively.
Cognitive Features of Essential Tremor: A Review of the Clinical Aspects and Possible Mechanistic Underpinnings

The classical concept of essential tremor (ET) as a monosymptomatic tremorogenic disorder has been questioned in the last decade as new evidence has been described. Clinical, neuroimaging, and pathological studies have described a probable structural basis (mainly in cerebellum) and evidence that ET is associated with subtle clinical cerebellar deficits and several non-motor clinical manifestations, such as cognitive and mood disorders. We performed literature searches in Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and PsycInfo databases. The aim of this review is to describe cognitive deficits associated with ET. First, we present a brief history of ET cognitive disorders presented. Second, we describe several clinical cross-sectional series demonstrating that ET is associated with mild cognitive deficits of attention, executive functions, several types of memory (working memory, immediate, short term, delayed, and possibly others) and, mood disorders (depression). Recent neuroimaging studies favor a cerebellar basis for these cognitive deficits. Population-based surveys confirm that mild cognitive dysfunction is not limited to severe ET cases, the entire ET group, including mild and undiagnosed cases, can be affected. Cohort studies indicated that ET cognitive deficits could be progressive and that ET patients had an increased risk of dementia. The mood and cognitive deficits in ET are in agreement with cognitive affective cerebellar syndrome described in patients with cerebellar disorders. New evidence, mainly from functional (neuroimaging) and prospective clinical studies would further bolster recent descriptions of ET clinical manifestations.
How Affirmative Action Can Pass Consitutional and Social Psychological Muster

The United States Supreme Court has ruled on the constitutionality of a number of affirmative action cases. An analysis of the reasoning used in the most significant cases shows that to formulate its decision, the Court has relied on an implicit theory of the psychology of affirmative action. Based on the judicial principle of “strict scrutiny,” the implicit theory is that use of group membership in a selection procedure causes the “reinforcement of common group stereotypes. ” That theory is at odds with the conditions specified for reinforcement of common group stereotypes by formal theory and research on the social psychology of affirmative action procedures. The scientific work indicates that there are procedural conditions that the Court would find social psychologically acceptable and thus constitutionally acceptable.
Bacillus popilliae cry18Aa operon is transcribed by sigmaE and sigmaK forms of RNA polymerase from a single initiation site.

Bacillus popilliae is an obligate pathogen for larvae of the insect family Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). It forms parasporal crystals upon sporulation. The gene cry18Aa coding for the parasporal crystal protein and an upstream open reading frame, orf1, were previously isolated from B.popilliae. Here we report an analysis of cry18Aa transcription in Bacillus thuringiensis. The only transcriptional start site of cry18Aa was found 29 bp upstream of the open reading frame orf1, suggesting that orf1 and cry18Aa are transcribed as an operon. lacZ fusion to the cry18Aa promoter was used to follow the time-course of cry18Aa transcription in wild type B.thuringiensis and in various B.thuringiensis sporulation-deficient mutants (spo0A, sigE or sigK). In wild type B.thuringiensis, the cry18Aa promoter was activated 2 h after the end of exponential growth and the expression lasted to the late sporulation phase. The results of promoter activity in Spo+or Spo-backgrounds together with the results of primer extension experiments suggest that the transcription from this promoter can be driven by both sigmaE and sigmaK types of RNA polymerase at a single start site. The promoter region of cry18Aa operon fits the consensus sequences of both sigmaE and sigmaK dependent promoters of Bacillus.
Sklection de substrats knergktiques par le corps entier chez les ruminants : apport et utilisation de nutriments par les principaux tissus

L’utilisation de 1’Cnergie par l’animal dCpend de l’utilisation de 1’Cnergie par les differents tissus corporels. Chez les ruminants, les viscbres drainis par le sang portal et le foie reprksentent respectivement jusqu’ii 12 et 2% du poids vif, mais contribuent pour 16-29% et 17-31% aux dCpenses Cnergetiques totales. A l’oppod, la contribution des masses musculaires (35-50% du poids corporel) aux dCponses n’est que de 8-16%. L‘augmentation de la production de chaleur par l’animal entier, avec le niveau d’alimentation, provient pour 17-56% des viscbres drain& par la veine porte, pour 1644% du foie, et pour 5-7% de la carcasse. Ces increments varient avec la nature du regime alimentaire, et donc, avec le type des nutriments disponibles pour les tissus. Les objectifs de cette revue sont de dCcrire quantitativement l’influence du niveau d’alimentation et de la composition du rkgime alimentaire (d’apr&s les teneurs en cellulose brute et en mati2res azotCes totales) sur l’apporten nutriments aux principaux tissus corporels (viscbres drain& par le sang portal, foie, et train arribre), et leurs flux nets dans ces tissus. Pour ce travail, nous avons compilC les rCsultats de la littdrature obtenus chez les bovins et ovins en croissance, et chez les brebis adultes, non lactantes et non gestantes, avec des techniques de diffkrences artkrio-veineuses in vivo. Nous avons Ctabli des Cquations de regression dans la mesure du possible, entre 1’Cnergie mCtabolisable ingCrCe, la composition du rCgime alimentaire et les apports et flux de nutriments. Les nutriments CtudiCs Ctaient les principaux acides gras volatils (acktate, propionate, butyrate), le glucose, le lactate, les corps cktoniques, les acides gras libres, l’ammoniaque, 1’urCe et l’azote-a-aminC. Les rCsultats obtenus au niveau des tissus sont intCgrCs, et les cons6quences sur l’utilisation de 1’Cnergie par l’animal entier sont discutCes.
Commitment and Academic Success.

The predictors of academic success usually include aptitude and previous achievement measures. In the present study we used a modified version of Rusbult and Farrell’s (1983) commitment questionnaire to predict final grades in a university setting. As part of a larger study on the relationship between attitudes and study behaviors, 39 students completed the 5 parts of the Rusbult and Farrell questionnaire. Responses were then correlated with 3 dependent measures: a final course grade in calculus, grade point average (GPA), and the grade in a humanities course. Results showed that adjusted R 2 values of . 38 and . 40 were obtained with the first 2 criteria. The implications of using affective variables for predicting academic achievement are discussed.
WISC-III Factor Invariance Across Deaf and Standardization Samples

The aim of this study was to investigate the factorial invariance of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) when administered to deaf children who use sign language. A multisample confirmatory factor analysis, using LISREL7, was used to test the four-factor model on the covariance matrices of subtest scale scores for deaf and standardization samples. The general form of the four-factor model fit for both samples. Path coefficients, error variances, and factor covariances were not invariant, indicating that test constructs may be differentially indicated across groups.
Leadership styles and organizational learning in community clinics

Purpose – The correlation between organizational unit managers’ leadership styles and the level of organizational learning in their units was tested.Design/methodology/approach – A positive correlation was hypothesized between transformational leadership and organizational learning as manifested by organizational learning mechanisms – OLMs (the structural component) and by organizational learning values (the cultural component). The research was conducted at 44 community clinics of a health‐care organization in Israel.Findings – The findings attested to the central role of organizational leaders in determining the effectiveness of organizational learning. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.Originality/value – Suggests that, in addition to separating the sources of reporting, and increasing the number of measures, future studies should also extend the research to different kinds of organizations, addressing different purposes, environments, work forces.
Social support differentially moderates the impact of neuroticism and extraversion on mental wellbeing among community-dwelling older adults

Background Personality affects psychological wellbeing, and social support networks may mediate this effect. This may be particularly pertinent in later life, when social structures change significantly, and can lead to a decline in psychological wellbeing. Aim To examine, in an older population, whether the relationships between neuroticism and extraversion and mental wellbeing are moderated by available social support networks. Method We gathered information from 536 community-dwelling older adults, regarding personality, social support networks, depressive symptomatology, anxiety and perceived stress, as well as controlling for age and gender. Results Neuroticism and extraversion interacted with social support networks to determine psychological wellbeing (depression, stress and anxiety). High scores on the social support networks measure appear to be protective against the deleterious effects of high scores on the neuroticism scale on psychological wellbeing. Meanwhile, individuals high in extraversion appear to require large social support networks in order to maintain psychological wellbeing. Conclusion Large familial and friendship social support networks are associated with good psychological wellbeing. To optimise psychological wellbeing in older adults, improving social support networks may be differentially effective for different personality types.
Sport and alcohol – who’s missing? New directions for a sociology of sport-related drinking

This paper presents a series of emerging research avenues and agendas for under-represented aspects of sport-related drinking. Extending the findings of a previous paper, which mapped the dominant themes in sociological treatments of drinking and sport to date, this paper argues for the importance of widening the empirical and theoretical base so as to better understand and explain the diversity and complexity of drinkers and drinking in sport. Drinking by female fans and sportswomen, non-drinkers in drinking environments, the role and place of religion, ethnicity, gender and social class in practices of inclusion and exclusion in sport-related drinking practices and the plurality of masculinities, among others, are all presenting new kinds of relationships to sport and alcohol that have not been subject to sustained critical sociological scrutiny from within sport. The research questions and the problematics these raise for studies of social and cultural aspects of sport (and drinking) highlights the need to reassess and reinvigorate the theoretical frameworks and dominant orthodoxies that drive social research into the sport–alcohol nexus.
Parasocial relations and romantic attraction: Gender and dating status differences

The present study explores the links between individual TV viewers’ working models of attachment (Bowlby, 1980) and the parasocial relations they establish with their favorite TV character. Student subjects answered a survey that assessed the intensity of their parasocial relationships and the content of their mental models of attachment. Results show a selective pattern of relationships between attachment models and parasocial relationships. For dating subjects, males were found to have stronger parasocial relationships with their favorite characters as they were more anxious about their current partner. Females, on the other hand, were found to have stronger parasocial relationships as they were more secure in their current. Findings are discussed in terms of gender differences in romantic relationships.
Growth‐inhibitory effects of Galla Rhois‐derived tannins on intestinal bacteria

The growth‐inhibitory activity of Galla Rhois‐derived materials towards 17 intestinal bacteria was evaluated using an impregnated paper disc method. The biologically active components of Galla Rhois were characterized as the tannins methyl gallate (MG) and gallic acid (GA) by spectral analysis. The growth responses varied with bacterial strain tested. In the test using 10 mg disc−1, MG and GA produced a clear inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Cl. paraputrificum, Eubacterium limosum, Bacteroides fragilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methyl gallate showed no growth‐inhibitory activity towards Bifidobacterium adolescentis or B. longum whereas the growth of B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. animalis, B. thermophilum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lact. plantarum and Streptococcus faecalis was slightly affected. However, GA did not adversely affect the growth of the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. At 5 mg disc−1, MG significantly inhibited the growth of Cl. perfringens and Cl. paraputrificum but did not affect the growth of the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. At 1 mg disc−1, MG greatly inhibited the growth of Cl. perfringens alone. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of Galla Rhois.
Benefits of Hong Kong Chinese CEOs' Confucian and Daoist leadership styles

Purpose – Because of the paucity of information about what and how Chinese leadership styles contribute to organizational success, this study aims to elucidate Chinese leadership styles with reference to Confucian and Daoist schemata, relate them to organizational success, and explicate the relationships by exploring a grounded theory.Design/methodology/approach – To obtain such knowledge, this study applies a grounded theory approach to analyzing interview data from 11 Hong Kong Chinese CEOs.Findings – Results delineated the Chinese leadership styles based on relationship building, virtuous practice, hierarchical and centralized organization, and humility and self‐effacement. These practices were conducive to trust, cooperation, competence, and other achievements in the staff. The contributions of the Chinese leadership styles tend to reflect a security theory in that sustaining followers' security appears to mediate leadership practices and their outcomes.Originality/value – Because the tradition of Con.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Functional Neuroanatomy of Meditation: a Review and Meta-analysis of 78 Functional Neuroimaging Investigations

Meditation is a family of mental practices that encompasses a wide array of techniques employing distinctive mental strategies. We systematically reviewed 78 functional neuroimaging (fMRI and PET) studies of meditation, and used activation likelihood estimation to meta-analyze 257 peak foci from 31 experiments involving 527 participants. We found reliably dissociable patterns of brain activation and deactivation for four common styles of meditation (focused attention, mantra recitation, open monitoring , and compassion/loving-kindness), and suggestive differences for three others (visualization, sense-withdrawal, and non-dual awareness practices). Overall, dissociable activation patterns are congruent with the psychological and behavioral aims of each practice. Some brain areas are recruited consistently across multiple techniques—including insula, pre/supplementary motor cortices, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and frontopolar cortex—but convergence is the exception rather than the rule. A preliminary effect-size meta-analysis found medium effects for both activations (d = 0.59) and deactivations (d = −0.74), suggesting potential practical significance. Our meta-analysis supports the neu-rophysiological dissociability of meditation practices, but also raises many methodological concerns and suggests avenues for future research.
On "The Measurement of Spatial Segregation"

there are difficulties of interpretation. There always are. But Light and I agree that intraprofessional and extraprofessional status arise out of superficially different sources. In the end Light agrees that the mechanism I named "professional regression" is one of the essential dynamics of professional life today. (We agree, as well, that I misnamed it-Light because he thinks the metaphor does not work, I because the phrase has not caught on; perhaps I should have used an eponym.) The response I had hoped to see to this article was the detailed empirical investigation that it points to, and that Light wishes it had been. I am not doing that investigation. Both Light and I hope that someone else is.
Implementing VET in New South Wales government schools: Investigating implementer’s expectations and perspectives

Abstract This paper discusses how the management of educational change can he affected by the fundamental beliefs about the formation and communication of knowledge that stakeholders bring to the process of implementing change. A curriculum change designed to embed vocational education into the senior years of secondary schooling was investigated from the perspective of the teachers, principals and consultants (the implementers) whose task it was to implement policy derived from the Australian National Training Agenda. The practitioners’ impressions were sought regarding a range of matters including their expectations, experiences and perceptions of management strategies supporting their work. Using a qualitative approach that included a purposefully designed questionnaire, the study gathered data from structured and unstructured questions and post-script interviews. The data from the study indicated that continuation of the initiative was uncertain in many sites, despite its popularity with students and teachers. The most prominent criticisms related to resources and staff development. Respondents reported inadequate access to, or provision of, industry standard equipment and facilities, ongoing professional development for teachers and financial support. The belief systems of administrators did appear to influence the management strategies that underpinned implementation. Judged against current theorising, these strategies were not as efficacious as they might have been.
Blockade of Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptors Augments the Antiparkinsonian Action of Levodopa without Affecting Dyskinesias in MPTP-Treated Rhesus Monkeys

Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA Department of Neurology, Emory University. Atlanta, GA (XC, LL, SF and SMP) Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (JTG) Neuroscience Biology, Pfizer Global Research & Development. Groton, CT (JRH, PAI and FSM) CVMD Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research & Development. Groton, CT (DAG) JPET Fast Forward. Published on July 13, 2007 as DOI:10.1124/jpet.107. 125666
Impact of Bifurcation Technique on 2-Year Clinical Outcomes in 773 Patients With Distal Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis Treated With Drug-Eluting Stents

Background—Distal unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) stenosis represents a technical challenge for interventional cardiologists. In this study, we compared 2-year clinical outcomes of different stenting strategies in patients with distal ULMCA stenosis treated with drug-eluting stents. Methods and Results—The survey promoted by the Italian Society of Invasive Cardiology on ULMCA stenosis was an observational study on patients with ULMCA stenosis treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study, we selected patients with distal ULMCA stenosis treated with drug-eluting stents. Seven hundred seventy-three patients were eligible for this study: 456 were treated with 1 stent (group 1) and 317 with 2 stents (group 2). The primary end point of the study was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as the occurrence of mortality, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. During a 2-year follow-up, risk-adjusted survival free from MACE was significantly higher in patients in group 1 than in patients in group 2. The propensity-adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of 2-year MACE in patients in group 1 versus group 2 was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.76). The propensity-adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of 2-year cardiac mortality and myocardial infarction in patients in group 1 versus group 2 was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.85). Conclusions—Compared with the 2-stent technique, the 1-stent technique is associated with a better 2-year MACE-free survival. The stenting strategy is a prognostic factor that should be taken into account when deciding the optimal revascularization treatment.
Finite ma corrections for sea quark matrix elements on the lattice.

We discuss the finite ma corrections associated with the computation of sea quark matrix elements. We find them to differ from the standard normalization used for valence quarks and to depend strongly on the Lorentz structure of the current under consideration. Phenomenological implications of these results are briefly discussed in two examples. We also mention how the magnitude of the correction factors can be reduced by using a 2-link improved action.
Downgoing plate topography stopped rupture in the A.D. 2005 Sumatra earthquake

Earthquakes in subduction zones rupture the plate boundary fault in discrete segments. One factor that may control this segmentation is topography on the downgoing plate, although it is controversial whether this is by weakening or strengthening of the fault. We use multichannel seismic and gravity data to map the top of the downgoing oceanic crust offshore central Sumatra, Indonesia. Our survey spans a complex segment boundary zone between the southern termination of the M w = 8.7, A.D. 2005 Simeulue-Nias earthquake, and the northern termination of a major 1797 earthquake that was partly filled by an M w = 7.7 event in 1935. We identify an isolated 3 km basement high at the northern edge of this zone, close to the 2005 slip termination. The high probably originated at the Wharton fossil ridge, and is almost aseismic in both local and global data sets, suggesting that while the region around it may be weakened by fracturing and fluids, the basement high locally strengthens the plate boundary, stopping rupture propagation.