Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent and Young Adult Male Health: A Review

Adolescent and young adult male health receives little attention, despite the potential for positive effects on adult quality and length of life and reduction of health disparities and social inequalities. Pediatric providers, as the medical home for adolescents, are well positioned to address young men’s health needs. This review has 2 primary objectives. The first is to review the literature on young men’s health, focusing on morbidity and mortality in key areas of health and well-being. The second is to provide a clinically relevant review of the best practices in young men’s health. This review covers male health issues related to health care access and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy 2020 objectives for adolescents and young adults, focusing on the objectives for chronic illness, mortality, unintentional injury and violence, mental health and substance use, and reproductive and sexual health. We focus, in particular, on gender-specific issues, particularly in reproductive and sexual health. The review provides recommendations for the overall care of adolescent and young adult males.
New strategies in haemodiafiltration (HDF): prospective comparative analysis between on-line mixed HDF and mid-dilution HDF.

BACKGROUND Improvement in the uraemic toxicity profile obtained with the application of convective and mixed dialysis techniques has stimulated the development of more efficient strategies. Our study was a prospective randomized evaluation of the clinical and technical characteristics of two new haemodiafiltration (HDF) strategies, mixed HDF and mid-dilution HDF, which have recently been proposed with the aim of increasing efficiency and safety with respect to the standard traditional HDF infusion modes. METHODS Ten stable patients on renal replacement therapy (mean age 64.7 +/- 8.2 years) were submitted in randomized sequence to one mid-week session of mid-dilution HDF and one of mixed HDF with trans-membrane pressure feedback control. All sessions were carried out under similar operating conditions and involved monitoring pressure within the internal dialyser compartments and calculating the rheological and hydraulic indexes. Efficiency in removing urea, phosphate and beta2-microglobulin (beta2-m) was tested. RESULTS In mixed HDF, safer and more effective flux/pressure conditions resulted in better preservation of the hydraulic and solute membrane permeability (mean in vivo ultrafiltration coefficient 36.9 +/- 3.9 vs 20.1 +/- 3.3 ml/h/mmHg) and ensured higher volume exchange (38.7 +/- 4.2 vs 35.3 +/- 6.5 l/session, P = 0.02) and greater efficiency in removing small and middle molecules (mean urea clearance: 274 +/- 42 vs 264 +/- 47 ml/min, P = 0.028; eKt/V: 1.78 +/- 0.22 vs 1.71 +/- 0.26, P = 0.036; mean phosphate clearance: 138 +/- 16 vs 116 +/- 45 ml/min, P = 0.2; mean beta2-m clearance: 81 +/- 13 vs 59 +/- 13 ml/min, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mixed HDF was the most efficient technique in the highest range of safe operating conditions. In mid-dilution HDF, high pressures generated inside the dialyser compromised membrane permeability and limited the total infusion rate, resulting in an overall reduction in solute removal.
Angular momentum transport and element mixing in the stellar interior. I. Application to the rotating Sun

Aims. The purpose of this work was to obtain diffusion coefficient for the magnetic angular momentum transport and material transport in a rotating solar model. Methods. We assumed that the transport of both angular momentum and chemical elements caused by magnetic fields could be treated as a diffusion process. Results. The diffusion coefficient depends on the stellar radius, angular velocity, and the configuration of magnetic fields. By using of this coefficient, it is found that our model becomes more consistent with the helioseismic results of total angular momentum, angular momentum density, and the rotation rate in a radiative region than the one without magnetic fields. Not only can the magnetic fields redistribute angular momentum efficiently, but they can also strengthen the coupling between the radiative and convective zones. As a result, the sharp gradient of the rotation rate is reduced at the bottom of the convective zone. The thickness of the layer of sharp radial change in the rotation rate is about 0.036 R-circle dot in our model. Furthermore, the difference of the sound-speed square between the seismic Sun and the model is improved by mixing the material that is associated with angular momentum transport.
Overexpression of a Water-Forming NADH Oxidase Improves the Metabolism and Stress Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Aerobic Fermentation

Redox homeostasis is fundamental to the maintenance of metabolism. Redox imbalance can cause oxidative stress, which affects metabolism and growth. Water-forming NADH oxidase regulates the redox balance by oxidizing cytosolic NADH to NAD+, which relieves cytosolic NADH accumulation through rapid glucose consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus decreasing the production of the by product glycerol in industrial ethanol production. Here, we studied the effects of overexpression of a water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis on the stress response of S. cerevisiae in aerobic batch fermentation, and we constructed an interaction network of transcriptional regulation and metabolic networks to study the effects of and mechanisms underlying NADH oxidase regulation. The oxidase-overexpressing strain (NOX) showed increased glucose consumption, growth, and ethanol production, while glycerol production was remarkably lower. Glucose was exhausted by NOX at 26 h, while 18.92 ± 0.94 g/L residual glucose was left in the fermentation broth of the control strain (CON) at this time point. At 29.5 h, the ethanol concentration for NOX peaked at 35.25 ± 1.76 g/L, which was 14.37% higher than that for CON (30.82 ± 1.54 g/L). Gene expression involved in the synthesis of thiamine, which is associated with stress responses in various organisms, was increased in NOX. The transcription factor HAP4 was significantly upregulated in NOX at the late-exponential phase, indicating a diauxic shift in response to starvation. The apoptosis-inducing factor Nuc1 was downregulated while the transcription factor Sok2, which regulates the production of the small signaling molecule ammonia, was upregulated at the late-exponential phase, benefiting young cells on the rim. Reactive oxygen species production was decreased by 10% in NOX, supporting a decrease in apoptosis. The HOG pathway was not activated, although the osmotic stress was truly higher, indicating improved osmotolerance. Thus, the NADH oxidase can regulate the metabolism during aerobic fermentation in S. cerevisiae, thereby protecting cells against several stresses. Our findings indicate its suitability for use in industrial processes.
sleepyCAM: Power management mechanism for wireless video-surveillance cameras

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient motion detection and power management mechanism, called sleepyCAM, for wireless camera sensor nodes that do not otherwise support low-power modes. In the proposed solution, a low-power sensor node accompanied with a Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensor and a relay is used to detect motion and manage the power usage of a high-power and high-resolution camera sensor node. To validate our work, we used two baseline benchmarks for comparison that are commonly used as motion detection mechanisms on wireless surveillance cameras: (a) hardware based motion detection using a PIR sensor and (b) software based motion detection using video frame comparison. The main contributions of this paper are the prototype implementation of the sleepyCAM, the surveillance application and the comparison of power consumption between the proposed and the baseline methods. The measurement results indicate that the power consumption of a surveillance camera node can be reduced significantly with the proposed mechanism.
Comparing Physical Exercise in Groups to Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Previous studies have suggested that physical exercise can reduce symptoms for subjects suffering from panic disorder (PD). The efficacy of this intervention has so far not been compared to an established psychotherapy, such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Assessment of controlled long-term effects and the clinical significance of the treatment are also lacking. Aim: To compare physical exercise to CBT as treatment for PD, and assess controlled long-term and clinically significant effects. Method: PD-patients were randomized to either three weekly sessions of physical exercise (n = 17), or one weekly session of CBT (n = 19). Both treatments ran for 12 weeks, were manualized and administered in groups. Patients were assessed twice before the start of treatment, at post-treatment and at 6 and 12 months thereafter. Primary outcome-measures consisted of the Mobility Inventory (MI), the Agoraphobia Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ). Results: A two-way repeated measures MANOVA of these measures demonstrated a significant effect of time, F(16, 544) = 7.28, p < . 01, as well as a significant interaction effect, F(16, 544) = 1.71, p < . 05, in favour of CBT. This finding was supported by the assessment of clinically significant changes of avoidant behaviour and of treatment-seeking one year later. Conclusion: Group CBT is more effective than group physical exercise as treatment of panic disorder, both immediately following treatment and at follow-up assessments.
Predicting visual acuity from the structure of visual cortex

Significance In 1980, a group of researchers published a study claiming that the number of neurons under a square millimeter of visual cortex is 2.5 times higher in primates than nonprimates. This claim has been debated ever since. We replicated their study using modern stereology techniques and confirmed the original conclusion. What would be the advantage of this extra surface density in the visual cortex? The extra density allows primates to have 2.5 times more neurons and computational power in their visual cortex. As a result, their visual acuity is better than their nonprimate mammalian relatives. Three decades ago, Rockel et al. proposed that neuronal surface densities (number of neurons under a square millimeter of surface) of primary visual cortices (V1s) in primates is 2.5 times higher than the neuronal density of V1s in nonprimates or many other cortical regions in primates and nonprimates. This claim has remained controversial and much debated. We replicated the study of Rockel et al. with attention to modern stereological precepts and show that indeed primate V1 is 2.5 times denser (number of neurons per square millimeter) than many other cortical regions and nonprimate V1s; we also show that V2 is 1.7 times as dense. As primate V1s are denser, they have more neurons and thus more pinwheels than similar-sized nonprimate V1s, which explains why primates have better visual acuity.
Silent and suffering: a pilot study exploring gaps between theory and practice in pain management for people with severe dementia in residential aged care facilities

Background Pain is common in older people, particularly those in residential aged care facilities (RACF) and those with dementia. However, despite 20 years of discourse on pain and dementia, pain is still undetected or misinterpreted in people with dementia in residential aged care facilities, particularly those with communication difficulties. Methods A topical survey typology with semistructured interviews was used to gather attitudes and experiences of staff from 15 RACF across Northern Sydney Local Health District. Results While pain is proactively assessed and pain charts are used in RACF, this is more often regulatory-driven than patient-driven (eg, prior to accreditation). Identification of pain and need for pain relief was ill defined and poorly understood. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological regimes were used, but in an ad hoc, variable and unsystematic manner, with patient, staff, and attitudinal obstacles between the experience of pain and its relief. Conclusion A laborious “pain communication chain” exists between the experience of pain and its relief for people with severe dementia within RACF. Given the salience of pain for older people with dementia, we recommend early, proactive consideration and management of pain in the approach to behaviors of concern. Individualized pain measures for such residents; empowerment of nursing staff as “needs interpreters”; collaborative partnerships with common care goals between patients where possible; RACF staff, doctors, and family carers; and more meaningful use of pain charts to map response to stepped pain protocols may be useful strategies to explore in clinical settings.
The Role of Familiarity and Movement in Face Recognition

XIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Familiarity, Movement, and Face Recognition 3 1.2 Outline of the Thesis 6 CHAPTER 2: FACE RECOGNITION AND FAMILIARITY: ARE FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR FACES DIFFERENT? 9 2.1 What is Familiarity? 10 2.2 Models of Face Recognition 11 2.3 Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces: Behavioural Research 18
THE IDENTIFICATION OF MAXI J1659–152 AS A BLACK HOLE CANDIDATE

We report on the analysis of all 65 pointed Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the recently discovered soft X-ray transient MAXI J1659–152 (initially referred to as GRB 100925A). The source was studied in terms of its evolution through the hardness–intensity diagram (HID), as well as its X-ray variability properties. MAXI J1659–152 traced out a counterclockwise loop in the HID, which is commonly seen in transient low-mass X-ray binaries. The variability properties of the source, in particular the detection of type-B and type-C low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations, and the way they evolve along the HID track, indicate that MAXI J1659–152 is a black hole candidate. The spectral and variability properties of MAXI J1659–152 imply that the source was observed in the hard and soft intermediate states during the RXTE observations, with several transitions between these two states.
System and Software Safety in Critical Systems

The safety aspects of computer-based systems as increasingly important as the use of software escalates because of its convenience and exibility. However the complexity of even modestly sized programs is such that the elimination of errors with a high degree of con dence is extremely di cult. There are a number of approaches to enhancing safety in safety-critical control systems. These are surveyed and compared with particular emphasis on systems with software in the controlling system. A glossary of terms and an extensive bibliography for further reading are included.
A bioactive glass particulate in the treatment of molar furcation invasions.

BACKGROUND Procedures for the treatment of molar furcation invasion defects range from open flap debridement, apically repositioned flap, hemisection, tunneling or extraction, to regenerative therapies. METHODS The results of surgical therapy consisting of the clinical parameters of probing depth and bleeding on probing were compared in 15 patients with moderate to advanced adult periodontitis. Each patient received surgical therapy consisting of regenerative therapy using bioactive glass compared to open flap debridement alone in human mandibular molar furcation defects. RESULTS The results of therapy were statistically significant in the defects treated with the bioactive glass. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the benefits of bioactive glass in the treatment of Class II furcation defects regarding the clinical parameters of probing depth reduction and the reduction in bleeding on probing.
Increasing motivation in eHealth through gamification

ICT solutions can help to alleviate the increasing demand for elderly care by e.g. enabling medical professionals to remotely provide care, and activating a healthier lifestyle which extends autonomy and independence of elderly [1]. We present an overview providing insights in current motivational approaches, addressing underlying theory from psychology, behavioural science and game design. In order to create sustained engagement, we should aim to address the intrinsic motivation of users and satisfy their psychological needs [6]. However, psychological and motivational aspects cannot be generically applied to individuals, and classifications of the user and its preferences are needed. Preliminary results indicate a link between personality and the preference for certain game elements.
A MaxBCG Catalog of 13,823 Galaxy Clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present a catalog of galaxy clusters selected using the maxBCG red-sequence method from Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric data. This catalog includes 13,823 clusters with velocity dispersions greater than ≈400 km s-1 and is the largest galaxy cluster catalog assembled to date. They are selected in an approximately volume-limited way from a 0.5 Gpc3 region covering 7500 deg2 of sky between redshifts 0.1 and 0.3. Each cluster contains between 10 and 190 E/S0 ridgeline galaxies brighter than 0.4L* within a scaled radius R200. The tight relation between ridgeline color and redshift provides an accurate photometric redshift estimate for every cluster. Photometric redshift errors are shown by comparison to spectroscopic redshifts to be small (Δz ≃ 0.01), essentially independent of redshift, and well determined throughout the redshift range. Runs of maxBCG on realistic mock catalogs suggest that the sample is more than 90% pure and more than 85% complete for clusters with masses ≥1 × 1014 M☉. Spectroscopic measurements of cluster members are used to examine line-of-sight projection as a contaminant in the identification of brightest cluster galaxies and cluster member galaxies. Spectroscopic data are also used to demonstrate the correlation between optical richness and velocity dispersion. Comparison to the combined NORAS and REFLEX X-ray-selected cluster catalogs shows that X-ray-luminous clusters are found among the optically richer maxBCG clusters. This paper is the first in a series that will consider the properties of these clusters, their galaxy populations, and their implications for cosmology.
Adaptive Cognitive Training Enhances Executive Control and Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memory in Beginning Readers

﻿In this study we examined whether children’s working memory could be enhanced by adaptive cognitive training (ACT) and whether training outcomes would relate to behavioral self-regulation, a measure of executive control (EC) and certain pre-reading outcomes (phoneme awareness and letter knowledge). Children from economically disadvantaged communities were randomly assigned to an ACT (n = 23) or a wait-list control (n = 27) group. ACT consisted of an average of 20 minutes per day of adaptive visuospatial working memory training (Cogmed-JM) for up to 25 days at the beginning of the school year. ACT significantly improved performance in near-transfer (untrained visuospatial test) and far-transfer (tests of verbal working memory and behavioral self-regulation). However, ACT had no direct effects on either measure of pre-reading skill. Our findings suggest that ACT may indirectly help children at risk for later reading problems to benefit from instruction opportunities by developing self-regulation and memory skills.
Gender equality and economic growth in the long-run : a cliometric analysis

This thesis studies the long-run relationship between gender equality and economic growth. In particular, it aims at understanding and explaining the mechanisms and determinants underpinning the development process which allowed economies to move out of a long period of stagnation into a state of sustainable economic growth. The scientific objective is to check the validity of the central hypothesis that improving equality between men and women is a key ingredient of the demographic transition and of the process of socio-economic development. Quantitative and empirical analysis of this relationship is based on a renewed cliometric approach. Hence we aim at producing a quantitative projection of social sciences in the past, structured by economic theory, mathematical modeling, and informed by statistical and econometric methods. The projected innovation is to build a bridge between the theoretical models of growth and economic history. This new line of research between pure empiricism and abstract theory allows to interpret economic issues taking into account the past and in so doing, to understand more deeply the economic and social historical processes.
Making eclipse attacks computationally infeasible in large-scale DHTs

The security aspect of Distributed Hash Tables (DHT-s), the principal model for structured P2P networks, has received considerable attention from research community, and the eclipse attack is one of the most severe threats targeting DHTs. Most of currently effective defense mechanisms suffer from significant communication cost. In this paper we present a novel approach to address eclipse attacks — making such attacks computationally infeasible. The backbone of our approach is a scheme for generating node IDs, which requires a user to solve a computational puzzle generated by her network parameters together with time-related information, in order for him to obtain a valid ID. Such procedure normally should be completed within a couple seconds of CPU time, and an ID can be easily verified for its validity. However, carrying out an eclipse attack on a specific key demands massive computing resources. We have evaluated our method by analyzing the cost of an attacker, using real-world data from BitTorrent, and the result is that it takes thousands of processors running day and night to find sufficient number of IDs. We also have simulated the computing cost of both benign users and attackers, and the outcome also supports the above claim. Unlike most existing defense mechanisms, for our method the induced communication cost and churn is negligible, and no centralized service is required.
Lymphocyte Activation Markers in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background and objectives: The role of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in immune tolerance in experimental transplantation is very important but the clinical significance of circulating Tregs in the peripheral blood is undetermined. We evaluated the association between the frequency of T cell activation markers CD25 and CD71 and clinical parameters that may affect the level of these T cell markers. Methods: In 47peditric kidney transplant (KT) recipients and 20 healthy controls, the frequency of T cell activation markers, CD25 and CD71 was measured with flow cytometry after transplantation. Two clinical protocols of induction immunosuppression were used: (1) anti-thymocyte globulin (THYMO) group (n =29) and Basiliximab (BSX) group (n=10). Results: The percentage of circulating CD25 after KT was significantly lower than that in the controls. There is no significant difference between KT and the controls s regard to circulating CD71. The percentage of CD25 was significantly increased in children with acute rejection compared with those without acute rejection. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) decreased the frequency of CD25 but mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor did not. The proportion of CD25 significantly decreased in THYMO group during the first year after transplantation. Conclusion: The frequency of circulating T cell activation marker CD25 in pediatric KT recipients is strongly affected by CNIs, and a high frequency of CD25 is associated with acute rejection during the early posttransplant period. The measurement of T cell activation markers, may become a useful immune monitoring tool after kidney transplantation.