Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principles of Human Resource Management

HRM - a new trajectory human resourcing - planning and performance assessment - judging people and performance training and development - building bridges reward motivation and control commitment and employee involvement - HRM's holy grail? welfare - health and efficiency? trade unions and the new industrial relations equal opportunities - challenge and change towards a European HRM?
REGRESSING LONGITUDINAL RESPONSE TRAJECTORIES ON A COVARIATE

Working within the framework of functional data analysis, we consider the analysis of longitudinal responses which are considered random trajectories and are sampled on a sparse and irregular design. In this functional response setting, the nonlinear in∞uence of a one-dimensional covariate on the response curves is often of interest. We propose a simple two-dimensional smoothing approach and study its consistency. Functional principal component analysis for sparse data, using the PACE (principal analysis through conditional expectation) algorithm has been proposed recently for dimension reduction of irregularly sampled longitudinal data, and is shown to provide useful tools for the study of the variation of the observed data around the predicted trajectories. For example, the functional principal component scores of the difierences between longitudinally-predicted and covariate-predicted trajectories can be used to study goodness-of-flt. We illustrate our methods with longitudinal CD4 count data. Brief reviews of functional regression models and of PACE are also included.
Changing Minds Through Deliberation: Citizens’ Accounts of Their Changing Local Transportation Policy Preferences

This paper investigates how deliberative public engagement processes transform stakeholders’ understandings of complex local road transportation policy issues and their policy preferences. Scholars have argued that participants in policy deliberations gain new knowledge and perspectives, and frequently also change their own views about policy problems and solutions. The authors do not, however, have good accounts of how participants learn through deliberation. This paper research addresses that gap with a rich account, from participants’ perspectives, of how they learned through a series of deliberative dialogues about how to sustain local road systems in Beltrami County, Minnesota. Many individuals changed their position from strong opposition to strong support for selected policy options, and the group collectively moved from divergent to convergent views about a new local tax for transportation. The authors use mixed methods to analyze how the deliberative processes influenced participants to sustain or change their views, working with a combination transcripts and observations of the community meetings, surveys of attitudes before and after meetings, and follow-up interviews with participants.
Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Multi-Ethnic Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

Background The multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a global threat. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region and suffered second highest incidence of TB in China. However, epidemiological information on MDR and XDR TB is scarcely investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings A prospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of MDR and XDR TB and the differences of drug resistance TB between Chinese Han and other nationalities population at Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. We performed in vitro drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for all 1893 culture confirmed positive TB cases that were diagnosed between June 2009 and June 2011. Totally 1117 (59.0%, 95% CI, 56.8%–61.2%) clinical isolates were resistant to ≥1 first-line drugs; the prevalence of MDR TB was 13.2% (95% CI, 11.7%–14.7%), of which, 77 (30.8%; 95% CI, 25.0%–36.6%) and 31 (12.8%; 95% CI, 8.6%–17.0%) isolates were pre-XDR and XDR TB respectively. Among the MDR/XDR TB, Chinese Han patients were significantly less likely to be younger with an odds ratio 0.42 for age 20–29 years and 0.52 for age 40–49 years; P trend = 0.004), and Chinese Han patients has a lower prevalence of XDR TB (9.6%) than all the other nationality (14.9%). Conclusions/Significance The burden of drug resistance TB cases is sizeable, which highlights an urgent need to reinforce the control, detection and treatment strategies for drug resistance TB. However, the difference of MDR and XDR TB between Chinese Han and other nationalities was not observed.
Cochlear Implantation Outcome in Prelingually Deafened Young Adults

The outcome of cochlear implantation in patients with deafness of prelingual onset is largely unpredictable due to high individual variability. This study evaluated speech perception performances in a group of 18 prelingually deafened subjects (aged 13–30 years) which was homogeneous with respect to duration of deafness, hearing aid use before cochlear implantation, mode of communication and administration of auditory-oral speech therapy. Word discrimination length, word and sentence identification, phoneme identification and word and sentence recognition were tested before cochlear implantation and at 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years of cochlear implant use. Scores on all tests significantly improved after cochlear implantation, although mean values were lower compared to those achieved by postlingually deafened patients. Speech performances on both word and sentence recognition continued to increase over time also beyond 1 year after cochlear implantation. Moreover, scores on sentence recognition tests were significantly higher compared to disyllabic words at 3 years of cochlear implant use. The presence of an auditory input delivered by hearing aids before cochlear implantation associated with auditory-oral therapy and a good level of education may positively influence the cochlear implant outcome in prelingually deafened adults.
Out-OfThe-Money CEOs : Private Control Premium and Option Exercise by CEOs

This study infers CEOs’ (and insiders’) private benefits of control from their option exercise behavior. We document two salient patterns: First, the presence of a proxy contest triples the probability that an insider exercises call options out-of-the money, a strategy deemed unambiguously irrational under the conventional models without control premium. Second, CEOs are significantly less (slightly more) likely to exercise options in order to sell (hold) the resulting shares when a proxy contest is looming. Both cases are consistent with the hypothesis that CEOs’ valuation of their stocks exceeds that of the market price by the amount of their private control premium. When such benefits of control are at risk, combined with restrictions on trading in stocks by insiders, CEOs distort their option exercises in order to boost their actual or potential voting power. A conservative lowerbound estimate of the median private control premium amounts to 13% of the stock value. We further show that the control motive in option exercise is distinct from other motives documented in the literature, including diversification, inside information about future stock prices, and behavioral factors such as overconfidence.
Be Happy Not Sad for Your Youth: The Effect of Emotional Expression on Age Perception

Perceived age is a psychosocial factor that can influence both with whom and how we choose to interact socially. Though intuition tells us that a smile makes us look younger, surprisingly little empirical evidence exists to explain how age-irrelevant emotional expressions bias the subjective decision threshold for age. We examined the role that emotional expression plays in the process of judging one’s age from a face. College-aged participants were asked to sort the emotional and neutral expressions of male facial stimuli that had been morphed across eight age levels into categories of either “young” or “old. ” Our results indicated that faces at the lower age levels were more likely to be categorized as old when they showed a sad facial expression compared to neutral expressions. Mirroring that, happy faces were more often judged as young at higher age levels than neutral faces. Our findings suggest that emotion interacts with age perception such that happy expression increases the threshold for an old decision, while sad expression decreases the threshold for an old decision in a young adult sample.
Principal‐Principal Conflicts and IPO Pricing in an Emerging Economy

Manuscript Type: Empirical. Research Question/Issue: Recent research from the United States has advocated increasing ownership concentration and aligning ownership and control to mitigate principal‐agent conflicts for entrepreneurial firms. By contrast, this study aims to demonstrate that the major governance problem in an emerging economy is principal‐principal conflicts, and that increasing ownership concentration and aligning ownership and control will instead reinforce such conflicts and IPO underpricing. Research Findings/Insights: Using data from 525 IPO firms in Taiwan, an emerging economy, this study finds that increasing family ownership and institutional ownership and introducing CEO duality increase IPO underpricing, while employing independent outside directors mitigates IPO underpricing. These results are consistent with our hypotheses concerning principal‐principal conflicts. Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our results are quite different from those of prior research using US data, in that institutions are weaker in an emerging economy than in the United States, where principal‐agent conflicts are the main concern. Consequently, corporate governance research, particularly when conducted outside the US, should consider institutional contexts, which agency theory fails to do. As such, institutional theory offers a promising approach. Practitioner/Policy Implications: Government policies designed to address principal‐agent conflicts, such as increasing ownership concentration and aligning ownership and control, may make principal‐principal conflicts worse and increase IPO underpricing in an emerging economy. To mitigate principal‐principal conflicts and IPO underpricing, regulatory reforms need to reduce ownership concentration, separate ownership, and control, and strengthen formal institutions that help minority shareholders monitor firm decisions.
Design and Simulation of a Piezoelectrically Actuated Micropump for the Drug Delivery System

In this paper, we present a new piezoelectrically actuated valveless micropump for the drug delivery system. A simple fabrication process is based on the deep reactive ion-etching (DRIE), glass etching and the anodical bond. The diffuser/nozzle element has the divergence angle of 9.4deg, the width of 0.1 mm for the narrowest part and the length of 1.1 mm. The pressure loss coefficient of the diffuser/nozzle element is analytically studied using the fluid mechanics method. In order to analyze the relationship between the behavior of the micropump membrane and the actuating frequency, the numerical simulation is accomplished by using the ANSYS software. Furthermore, the influences of piezoelectric actuator dimensions and material properties on the natural frequency are also studied to understand the characteristics of the actuator
The Variation of Gas Mass Distribution in Galaxy Clusters: Effects of Preheating and Shocks

We investigate the origin of the variation of the gas mass fraction in the core of galaxy clusters, which was indicated by our work on the X-ray fundamental plane. Applying a spherical-collapse model of cluster formation and considering the effect of shocks on preheated intracluster gas, we construct a simple model to predict the spatial gas distribution of clusters. As suggested by our previous work, we assume that the core structure of clusters determined at the cluster collapse has not changed much after that. The adopted model supposes that the gas distribution characterized by the slope parameter is related to the preheated temperature. Comparison with observations of relatively hot (≳3 keV) and low-redshift clusters suggests that the preheated temperature is about 0.5-2 keV, which is higher than expected from the conventional galactic wind model and possibly suggests the need for additional heating, such as from quasars or gravitational heating on the largest scales at high redshift. The dispersion of the preheated temperature may be attributable to gravitational heating in subclusters. We calculate the central gas fraction of a cluster from the gas distribution, assuming that the global gas mass fraction is constant within a virial radius at the time of the cluster collapse. We find that the central gas density thus calculated is in good agreement with the observed one, which suggests that the variation of the gas mass fraction in cluster cores appears to be explained by breaking the self-similarity in clusters due to preheated gas. We also find that this model does not change major conclusions regarding the fundamental plane and its cosmological implications obtained in previous papers, which strongly suggests that the core structure preserves information about the cluster formation not only for the dark halo, but also for the intracluster gas.
Document structure meets page layout: loopy random fields for web news content extraction

Web content extraction is concerned with the automatic identification of semantically interesting web page regions. To generalize to pages from unknown sites, it is crucial to exploit not only the local characteristics of a particular web page region, but also the rich interdependencies that exist between the regions and their latent semantics. We therefore propose a loopy conditional random field which combines semantic intra-page dependencies derived from both document structure and page layout, uses a realistic set of local and relational features and is efficiently learnt in the tree-based reparameterization framework. The results of our empirical analysis on a corpus of real-world news web pages from 177 distinct sites with multiple annotations on DOM node level demonstrate that our combination of document structure and layout-driven interdependencies leads to a significant error reduction on the semantically interesting regions of a web page.
Prediction of Hurricane Motion by Statistical Methods

Equations for the prediction of hurricane tracks have been developed by use of statistical methods. Data at sea level, 700 mb. , and 500 mb. were selected as predictors. Forecasts are prepared in 12-hr. steps for periods up to 48 hr. The forecast equations have been tested on an operational basis during the 1964 and 1965 hurricane seasons. The accuracy of these forecasts compares favorably with that of other standard hurricane forecast techniques .
De novo genomic analyses for non-model organisms: an evaluation of methods across a multi-species data set

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is revolutionizing biological research by enabling scientists to quickly and cheaply query variation at a genomic scale. Despite the increasing ease of obtaining such data, using these data effectively still poses notable challenges, especially for those working with organisms without a high-quality reference genome. For every stage of analysis - from assembly to annotation to variant discovery - researchers have to distinguish technical artifacts from the biological realities of their data before they can make inference. In this work, I explore these challenges by generating a large de novo comparative transcriptomic dataset data for a clade of lizards and constructing a pipeline to analyze these data. Then, using a combination of novel metrics and an externally validated variant data set, I test the efficacy of my approach, identify areas of improvement, and propose ways to minimize these errors. I find that with careful data curation, HTS can be a powerful tool for generating genomic data for non-model organisms.
A novel 4E-interacting protein in Leishmania is involved in stage-specific translation pathways

In eukaryotes, exposure to stress conditions causes a shift from cap-dependent to cap-independent translation. In trypanosomatids, environmental switches are the driving force of a developmental program of gene expression, but it is yet unclear how their translation machinery copes with their constantly changing environment. Trypanosomatids have a unique cap structure (cap-4) and encode four highly diverged paralogs of the cap-binding protein, eIF4E; none were found to genetically complement a yeast mutant failing to express eIF4E. Here we show that in promastigotes, a typical cap-binding complex is anchored through LeishIF4E-4, which associates with components of the cap-binding pre-initiation complex. In axenic amastigotes, expression of LeishIF4E-4 decreases and the protein does not bind the cap, whereas LeishIF4E-1 maintains its expression level and associates with the cap structure and with translation initiation factors. However, LeishIF4E-1 does not interact with eIF4G-like proteins in both life stages, excluding its involvement in cap-dependent translation. Using pull-down assays and mass-spectrometry, we identified a novel, non-conserved 4E-Interacting Protein (Leish4E-IP), which binds to LeishIF4E-1 in promastigotes, but not in amastigotes. Yeast two-hybrid and NMR spectroscopy confirmed the specificity of this interaction. We propose that Leish4E-IP is a translation regulator that is involved in switching between cap-dependent and alternative translation pathways.
Anti-psychotics adherence among out-patients with schizophrenia in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVE Adherence to antipsychotic treatment is an important aspect of long term management of schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. The evaluation of adherence is often difficult in clinical settings. This study compared patients self-reports and clinician judgment of adherence behavior and explored their relationship with attitudes toward taking medication. METHODS Clinician rated questionnaire and matching patient self rated questionnaires were administered to 508 consecutive outpatients and their clinicians in four hospital clinic sites in Hong Kong. Items in the questionnaires address adherence behaviors as well as attitudes toward medication. In addition, clinicians also estimate the presence of factors unfavorable to adherence such as substance abuse, cognitive impairments etc. RESULTS Non-adherence was reported in at least 26% of patients. Clinician's detection of non-adherence behaviors achieved relative high specificity (0.84) but has low sensitivity (0.33). A logistic regression analysis on patients' decision to stop medication revealed that significant predictors include patients' reported lack of perception from the benefits of medication, patients' reported negative feelings associated with regular medication and younger age. CONCLUSION Non-adherence is a widespread phenomenon affecting a significant proportion of outpatients under treatment. Clinicians have relatively low sensitivity in detecting which patients are non-adherent. Non-adherence behavior is predicted by level of awareness of illness, perceived benefits of medication, negative feelings toward medication and age.
Analysis and Automatic Estimation of Children's Subglottal Resonances

Models and measurements of subglottal resonances are generally made from adult data, but there are several applications in which it would be useful to know about subglottal resonances in children. We therefore conducted an analysis of both new and old recordings of children’s subglottal acoustics in order 1) to produce a fuller picture of the variability of children’s subglottal resonances, and 2) to confirm that existing models of subglottal acoustics can be reasonably applied to children. We also tested the effectiveness of recent algorithms for estimating children’s subglottal resonances from speech formants and the fundamental frequency, which were originally formulated based on adult data. It was found that these algorithms are effective for children at least 150cm tall. Index Terms: subglottal resonances, child speech, speech production, speaker normalization
A new measurement of the X-ray temperature function of clusters of galaxies

We present a newly measured X-ray temperature function of galaxy clusters using a complete flux-limited sample of 61 clusters. The sample is constructed with the total survey area of 8.14 steradians and the flux limit of $1.99\times 10^{-11}$ ergs s -1 cm -2 in the 0.1–2.4 keV band. X-ray temperatures and fluxes of the sample clusters were accurately measured with ASCA and ROSAT data. The derived temperature function covers an unprecedentedly wide temperature range of 1.4–11 keV. By fitting these data with theoretically predicted temperature functions given by the Press-Schechter formalism together with a recent formation approximation and the CDM power spectrum, we obtained tight and individual constraints on $\Omega_{\rm m,0}$ and $\sigma_8$. We also employed the Formation-Epoch model in which the distribution in the formation epoch of clusters as well as the temperature evolution are taken into account, showing significantly different results. Systematics caused by the uncertainty in the mass-temperature relation are studied and found to be as large as the statistical errors.
A Self-enriching Methodology for Clustering Narrow Domain Short Texts

Clustering narrow domain short texts is considered to be a complex task because of the intrinsic features of the corpus to be clustered: (i) the low frequencies of vocabulary terms in short texts, and (ii) the high vocabulary overlapping associated to narrow domains. The aim of this paper is to introduce a self-term expansion methodology for improving the performance of clustering methods when dealing with corpora of this kind. This methodology allows raw textual data to be enriched by adding co-related terms from an automatically constructed lexical knowledge resource obtained from the same target data set (and not from an external resource). We also propose a set of supervised and unsupervised text assessment measures for evaluating different corpus features, such as shortness, stylometry and domain broadness. With the help of these measures, we may determine beforehand whether or not to use the methodology proposed in this paper. Finally, we integrate all these assessment measures in a freely available web-based system named Watermarking Corpora On-line System, which may be used by computer scientists in order to evaluate the different features associated with a given textual corpus.