Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship of season of birth and special education referral

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether children with summer birthdates, or the youngest children within their respective grades, comprised a larger portion of an annual elementary-age special education referral population than would be expected by chance. The 1,222 referrals from grades K-5 of a Southeastern school district were classified according to three seasons of birth (months 6-9, 10-1, and 2-5), three age groups (ages 5-7, 8-9, and 10 and up), and gender. Expected numbers of referrals for each season of birth were computed based on the numbers of children within the respective groups for the overall elementary-age school population of 16,379. Independent chi-square analyses revealed differences at the <. 0001 level of significance between the expected and obtained numbers of referrals for both the 5- to 7-year-old children overall and the 5- to 7-year-old boys, and at the . 0011 level of significance for 5- to 7-year-old girls. No significant differences between the expected and obtained numbers of referrals were found for the two older groups. Alternative means for providing educational services for the younger, at-risk primary-age student population were discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Job Stressors and Their Effects on Physical Health, Emotional Health and Job Satisfaction in a University

All staff at the University of New England were sent a personal particulars form and questionnaires designed to obtain information about job‐related factors which acted as stressors for them, their general stress, their emotional health, and their physical health. Factor analysis of the job stressors questionnaires revealed that six factors, namely, job significance, workload, work politics, interpersonal dealings at work, work conditions, and university reorganization, were the major stressors for the staff. In general, younger staff members reported more job stress than older staff. Staff belonging to the Faculty of Education, Nursing and Professional Studies at the Armidale campus and general staff at the Armidale campus reported more job stress than other staff. There was some indication that staff employed at the higher job levels were less stressed than those employed at the lower job levels and support staff. Both the job stress and non‐work stress were associated with poor physical health, poor em.
Entrepreneurship education: towards a discipline‐based framework

Purpose – The purpose of this exploratory research was to investigate whether: entrepreneurship in the higher education context can be distinguished by disciplined‐based needs; and curricula can be developed around these needs.Design/methodology/approach – The authors reviewed the literature related to the development of professions in order to establish a sound theoretical base to distinguish disciplines that require stringent criteria, and which potentially would challenge the introduction of a more flexible curriculum that includes contemporary concepts such as entrepreneurship. The research then focused on two other groups of disciplines which lead to entrepreneurial opportunities with distinct needs in (principally) people management and intellectual property law. This discussion was couched in the occupational motivation literature. Semi‐structured interviews (n=31) were conducted with individuals randomly selected from three groups associated with an American Land Grant Research University. Additio.
The Physics of Neutron Stars

Neutron stars are some of the densest manifestations of massive objects in the universe. They are ideal astrophysical laboratories for testing theories of dense matter physics and provide connections among nuclear physics, particle physics, and astrophysics. Neutron stars may exhibit conditions and phenomena not observed elsewhere, such as hyperon-dominated matter, deconfined quark matter, superfluidity and superconductivity with critical temperatures near 1010 kelvin, opaqueness to neutrinos, and magnetic fields in excess of 1013 Gauss. Here, we describe the formation, structure, internal composition, and evolution of neutron stars. Observations that include studies of pulsars in binary systems, thermal emission from isolated neutron stars, glitches from pulsars, and quasi-periodic oscillations from accreting neutron stars provide information about neutron star masses, radii, temperatures, ages, and internal compositions.
Teacher Characteristics and Pedagogy in Political Science

The college classroom is both an intimate and an alien environment. Most professors have an intimate knowledge of what they do in their own classrooms while possessing very little knowledge of what other professors, even at their own institution, do in their classrooms. Each year, faculty in political science departments construct their courses making decisions regarding pedagogical techniques and tools with little knowledge of what is commonly done across the profession. This paper presents the results of a national survey detailing the frequency with which various pedagogical techniques and tools are used by political science professors in introductory-level and upper division courses. In addition, this paper offers some explanation for these differences by looking at how professional training, current professional situation, and other personal characteristics influence the pedagogical choices of political scientists. We find that current professional situation and personal characteristics have a small influence on pedagogical choices leaving faculty wide latitude for individual choice in their pedagogy.
The coronatine-insensitive 1 Mutation Reveals the Hormonal Signaling Interaction between Abscisic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate in Arabidopsis Guard Cells. Specific Impairment of Ion Channel Activation and Second Messenger Production1[OA]

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicits stomatal closing similar to abscisic acid (ABA), but whether the two compounds use similar or different signaling mechanisms in guard cells remains to be clarified. We investigated the effects of MeJA and ABA on second messenger production and ion channel activation in guard cells of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and MeJA-insensitive coronatine-insensitive 1 (coi1) mutants. The coi1 mutation impaired MeJA-induced stomatal closing but not ABA-induced stomatal closing. MeJA as well as ABA induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in wild-type guard cells, whereas MeJA did not induce production of ROS and NO in coi1 guard cells. The experiments using an inhibitor and scavengers demonstrated that both ROS and NO are involved in MeJA-induced stomatal closing as well as ABA-induced stomatal closing. Not only ABA but also MeJA activated slow anion channels and Ca2+ permeable cation channels in the plasma membrane of wild-type guard cell protoplasts. However, in coi1 guard cell protoplasts, MeJA did not elicit either slow anion currents or Ca2+ permeable cation currents, but ABA activated both types of ion channels. Furthermore, to elucidate signaling interaction between ABA and MeJA in guard cells, we examined MeJA signaling in ABA-insensitive mutant ABA-insensitive 2 (abi2-1), whose ABA signal transduction cascade has some disruption downstream of ROS production and NO production. MeJA also did not induce stomatal closing but stimulated production of ROS and NO in abi2-1. These results suggest that MeJA triggers stomatal closing via a receptor distinct from the ABA receptor and that the coi1 mutation disrupts MeJA signaling upstream of the blanch point of ABA signaling and MeJA signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells.
The baryon fraction of Λ CDM haloes

We investigate the baryon fraction in dark matter haloes formed in non-radiative gas-dynamical simulations of the (cid:3) cold dark matter (CDM) cosmogony. By combining a realization of the Millennium Simulation with a simulation of a smaller volume focusing on dwarf haloes, our study spans ﬁve decades in halo mass, from 10 10 to 10 15 h − 1 M (cid:2) . We ﬁnd that the baryon fraction within the halo virial radius is typically 90 per cent of the cosmic mean, with a rms scatter of 6 per cent, independently of redshift and of halo mass down to the smallest resolved haloes. Our results show that, contrary to the proposal of Mo et al., pre-virialization gravitational heating is unable to prevent the collapse of gas within galactic and protogalactic haloes, and conﬁrm the need for non-gravitational feedback in order to reduce the efﬁciency of gas cooling and star formation in dwarf galaxy haloes. Simulations including a simple photoheating model (where a gas temperature ﬂoor of T ﬂoor = 2 × 10 4 K is imposed from z = 11) conﬁrm earlier suggestions that photoheating can only prevent the collapse of baryons in systems with virial temperatures T 200 (cid:2) 2.2 T ﬂoor ≈ 4.4 × 10 4 K (corresponding to a virial mass of M 200 ∼ 10 10 h − 1 M (cid:2) and a circular velocity of V 200 ∼ 35 km s − 1 ). Photoheating may thus help regulate the formation of dwarf spheroidals and other galaxies at the extreme faint end of the luminosity function, but it cannot, on its own, reconcile the abundance of sub- L (cid:2) galaxies with the vast number of dwarf haloes expected in the (cid:3) CDM cosmogony. The lack of evolution or mass dependence seen in the baryon fraction augurs well for X-ray cluster studies that assume a universal and non-evolving baryon fraction to place constraints on cosmological parameters.
Blue Crabs and Controversy on the Chesapeake Bay: A Cultural Model for Understanding Watermen's Reasoning about Blue Crab Management

Commercial fishers of the Chesapeake Bay, known throughout the region as watermen, have depended for centuries on the bay's natural resources to support their families and communities. Recently, yield and population indicators have led marine scientists and natural resource managers to conclude that the blue crab population is at dangerously low levels and that reductions in commercial harvesting are key to protecting the blue crab. Watermen agree that the blue crab fishery is under intense pressure and see a role for science and regulations in helping to sustain the fishery and their livelihoods, but they question the scientific knowledge and are critical of the governmental regulations. Watermen's knowledge, beliefs, and values have not been explored for their potential as an alternative or complement to scientific and regulatory approaches to addressing problems of the blue crab fishery. This paper uses a cognitive anthropology approach to enrich our understanding of watermen's cultural and ecological .
Neurological outcome of newborns with neonatal seizures: a cohort study in a tertiary university hospital.

OBJECTIVE To describe the neurological outcome of newborns with seizures. METHOD Cohort study with newborns prospectively followed. Perinatal characteristics and etiological screening were related to outcome in a regression model. RESULTS During the study 3,659 newborns were admitted and 2.7% were diagnosed as having seizures. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (51%) was the etiology more frequently associated to seizures and also to postneonatal epilepsy (53%). In the follow up 25 died during the acute neonatal illness and 9 during the first years of life, 19 were diagnosed as having post neonatal epilepsy, 35 had developmental delay and 11 an association among this two comorbidities. A significant association between abnormal postnatal EEG and neuroimaging to developmental delay (p=0.014, p=0.026) was observed. The group of newborns that had seizures presented an increased risk of developing epilepsy compared to newborns from the same cohort without seizures (19.3/100 vs. 1.8/100, p<0.001). CONCLUSION In this study neonatal seizures predominated in term newborns with perinatal asphyxia an elevated perinatal mortality and post neonatal morbidity was observed. The follow up showed an increased risk for developing postnatal epilepsy and developmental delay.
N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting autophagy

N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a novel compound derived from haloperidol, protects against the damaging effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we hypothesized the myocardial protection of F2 on cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury is mediated by inhibiting autophagy in H9c2 cells. The degree of autophagy by treatment with F2 exposed to H/R in H9c2 cell was characterized by monodansylcadaverine, transmission electron microscopy, and expression of autophagy marker protein LC3. Our results indicated that treatment with F2 inhibited autophagy in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, suppressed H/R-induced autophagy, and decreased apoptosis, whereas rapamycin, a classical autophagy sensitizer, increased autophagy and apoptosis. Mechanistically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was inhibited by F2 treatment after H/R. Accordingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated MIF knockdown decreased H/R-induced autophagy. In summary, F2 protects cardiomyocytes during H/R injury through suppressing autophagy activation. Our results provide a new mechanistic insight into a functional role of F2 against H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury and death.
Low-Rank Linear Cold-Start Recommendation from Social Data

The cold-start problem involves recommendation of content to new users of a system, for whom there is no historical preference information available. This proves a challenge for collaborative filtering algorithms that inherently rely on such information. Recent work has shown that social metadata, such as users' friend groups and page likes, can strongly mitigate the problem. However, such approaches either lack an interpretation as optimising some principled objective, involve iterative non-convex optimisation with limited scalability, or require tuning several hyperparameters. In this paper, we first show how three popular cold-start models are special cases of a linear content-based model, with implicit constraints on the weights. Leveraging this insight, we propose Loco, a new model for cold-start recommendation based on three ingredients: (a) linear regression to learn an optimal weighting of social signals for preferences, (b) a low-rank parametrisation of the weights to overcome the high dimensionality common in social data, and (c) scalable learning of such low-rank weights using randomised SVD. Experiments on four real-world datasets show that Loco yields significant improvements over state-of-the-art cold-start recommenders that exploit high-dimensional social network metadata.
A novel high voltage gain single-phase AC-DC PFC converter using switched-capacitor

This paper presents a novel single-stage non isolated switched capacitor based AC-DC converter for power factor correction (PFC). This converter features single switch, transformer less high voltage gain, and improves the power factor, reduces THD and voltage stress across the switch. Average current mode controller has been used to achieve PFC. In this paper proposed converter topology, its principle of operation, static voltage gain, control method and simulation results for the proposed PFC converter are presented.
Understanding Legacy Features with Featureous

Feature-centric comprehension of source code is essential during software evolution. However, such comprehension is oftentimes difficult to achieve due the lack of correspondence between functional features and structural units of object-oriented programs. We present a tool for feature-centric analysis of legacy Java programs called Feature us that addresses this issue. Feature us allows a programmer to easily establish feature-code trace ability links and to analyze their characteristics using a number of visualizations. Feature us is an extension to the Net Beans IDE, and can itself be extended by third-party plugins.
‘Proto-rivalry’: how the binocular brain identifies gloss

Visually identifying glossy surfaces can be crucial for survival (e.g. ice patches on a road), yet estimating gloss is computationally challenging for both human and machine vision. Here, we demonstrate that human gloss perception exploits some surprisingly simple binocular fusion signals, which are likely available early in the visual cortex. In particular, we show that the unusual disparity gradients and vertical offsets produced by reflections create distinctive ‘proto-rivalrous’ (barely fusible) image regions that are a critical indicator of gloss. We find that manipulating the gradients and vertical components of binocular disparities yields predictable changes in material appearance. Removing or occluding proto-rivalrous signals makes surfaces look matte, while artificially adding such signals to images makes them appear glossy. This suggests that the human visual system has internalized the idiosyncratic binocular fusion characteristics of glossy surfaces, providing a straightforward means of estimating surface attributes using low-level image signals.
A state-trait analysis of job satisfaction:: On the effect of core self-evaluations

Une recherche recente qui portait sur les fondements caracteriels de la satisfaction au travail s’est focalisee sur le rapport entre la satisfaction professionnelle observee et le noyau central des autoevaluations (CSE). Cette etude s’est occupee d’une part de la relation entre la variance-trait de la satisfaction au travail et le CSE et d’autre part de la structure des variables CSE. En faisant le choix d’un modele de mesure longitudinal, nous avons d’abord recherche si le CSE etait suffisamment stable, cela a partir d’une analyse secondaire de quatre periodes successives. Les resultats montrent une forte stabilite du CSE (.87 sur deux ans). Nous avons ensuite opere une scission etat-trait de la satisfaction professionnelle de facon a dissocier la variance-trait de la satisfaction au travail de la variance instable. Le facteur stable de satisfaction professionnelle fut mis en rapport, par regression, avec les variables CSE, en utilisant plusieurs modeles de CSE (une sommation, un facteur latent ou un concept global). D’apres les resultats, il vaut mieux traiter les variables CSE comme une sommation, et cette serie rend compte de presque toute la variance stable de la satisfaction professionnelle (84%). En outre, seuls l’affectivite negative et le locus of control interne avaient un impact significatif, alors que l’estime de soi et l’efficience personnelle n’en avaient pas. On conclut que la conception actuelle du CSE comme concept supraordonne englobant quatre dimensions est defendable, mais trop generale pour les recherches sur la satisfaction professionnelle; il est plus satisfaisant et suffisant d’analyser a la fois l’affectivite negative et le locus of control. Recent research that looked into the dispositional base of job satisfaction focused on relating observed job satisfaction to core self-evaluations (CSE). This study was concerned with (a) the relation between the trait variance of job satisfaction and CSE and (b) the structure of the CSE-variables. Using a longitudinal measurement model in a secondary analysis of four waves of a longitudinal study we first tested whether CSE are sufficiently stable over time. Results indicate a high stability of CSE (.87 across 2 years). We then performed a state-trait decomposition of job satisfaction in order to separate trait variance of job satisfaction from changing variance. The stable job satisfaction factor was regressed on CSE-variables, using different models of CSE (a collective set, a latent factor, or an aggregate concept). Results were in favor of treating the CSE-variables as a collective set, and this set explained almost all stable variance of job satisfaction (84%). Moreover, only negative affectivity and internal locus of control had a significant impact, whereas self-esteem and self-efficacy had not. It is concluded that current conceptualisations of CSE as a superordinate concept underlying its four dimensions is possible but overly broad in job satisfaction research; collective consideration of LOC and NA is better and sufficient.
The Semantic Organization Patterns of Young Children: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication

The successful use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems by young children rests on the child's ability to efficiently and accurately locate desired vocabulary. Typically, young children's vocabulary items are organized on communication boards or computer displays according to what seems logical to speech-language pathologists, teachers, and parents. It remains unclear, however, whether adult-generated vocabulary arrangements truly reflect the cognitive organization of young children who require AAC. There are few empirical data to describe how young children organize vocabulary, particularly more abstract linguistic concepts. In the current study, a graphic symbol arrangement task was used to investigate how 20 children between 4;0 and 5;11 years of age organized linguistic concepts. The children were asked to organize 42 pictures depicting various familiar vocabulary items that included nouns, verbs, descriptors, prepositions, pronouns, and question words. During and after the sorting task, the children were asked to talk about the rationales for their arrangements. Results indicated that they purposefully arranged an average of 40% of vocabulary items, and tended to organize concrete items (e.g., nouns, action verbs) in pairs or small groups according to event schema. The children had greater difficulty organizing abstract items (e.g., prepositions) than concrete words (e.g., cookie). Implications for AAC interventions are discussed along with future research directions.
Distinguishing the Power of Agency from Agentic Power: A Note on Weber and the “Black Box” of Personal Agency*

The concept of agency, although central to many sociological debates, has remained frustratingly elusive to pin down. This article is an attempt to open up what has been called the “black box” of personal agency by distinguishing clearly between two contrasting conceptions of the phenomenon. These two conceptions are very apparent in the manner in which the concept is defined in sociological reference works, resembling as it does a similar contrast in the treatment of the concept of power. The two are referred to as type 1 and type 2 or the power of agency as compared with agentic power, the essential contrast being that the first refers to an actor's ability to initiate and maintain a program of action while the second refers to an actor's ability to act independently of the constraining power of social structure. The nature of these two forms of personal agency is then illustrated by referring to material taken from Weber's essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, this essay itself being understood as an argument that focuses on the crucial role played by an increase in the power of agency in ushering in the modern world. Finally, it is argued that these two conceptions of agency possess no given logical relationship with each other, it being perfectly possible for individuals to be possessed of considerable power of agency while lacking agentic power, and vice versa. It is therefore concluded that it is important, in all discussions of human agency, to distinguish clearly between these two forms.