Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hospital Practice of Direct‐Home Discharge and 30‐Day Readmission After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy (STS/ACC TVT) Registry

Background Nearly 17% of patients are readmitted within 30 days of discharge after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Selected patients are discharged to skilled nursing facilities, yet the association between a hospital's practice to discharge home versus to skilled nursing facilities, and readmission remains unclear. Methods and Results The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy (STS/ACC TVT) Registry was used to evaluate readmissions among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (2011‐2015). Hospitals were divided into quartiles (Q1‐Q4) based on the percentage of patients discharged directly home. We assessed patient and hospital level characteristics and used hierarchical logistic regression to analyze the association of discharge disposition with 30‐day readmission. Our cohort included 18 568 transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients at 329 US hospitals, of whom 69% were discharged directly home. Hospitals in the highest quartile of direct home discharge (Q4) compared with hospitals in the lowest (Q1) were more likely to use femoral access (75.2% versus 60.1%, P<0.001), had fewer patients receiving transfusion (26.4% versus 40.9%, P<0.001), and were more likely to be located in the Southern United States (48.8% versus 18.3%, P<0.001). Median 30‐day readmission rate was 17.9%. There was no significant difference in 30‐day readmissions among quartiles (P=0.14), even after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio Q4 versus Q1=0.89, 95%CI 0.76‐1.04; P=0.15). Factors most strongly associated with 30‐day readmission were glomerular filtration rate, in‐hospital stroke or transient ischemic attack, and nonfemoral access. Conclusions There was no statistically significant association between hospital practice of direct home discharge post–transcatheter aortic valve replacement and 30‐day readmission. Further research is needed to understand regional variations and optimum strategies for postdischarge care.
Wind power meteorology. Part II: siting and models

The data used in wind power meteorology stem mainly from three sources: on-site wind measurements, the synoptic networks and the reanalysis projects. Wind climate analysis, wind resource estimation and siting further require a detailed description of the topography of the terrain—with respect to the roughness of the surface, near-by obstacles and orographical features. Finally, the meteorological models used for estimation and prediction of the wind are described; their classification, inputs, limitations and requirements. A comprehensive modelling concept, meso/microscale modelling, is introduced and a procedure for short-term prediction of the wind resource is described. * c 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Preface The kind invitation by John Wiley & Sons to write an overview article on wind power meteorology prompted us to lay down the fundamental principles as well as attempting to reveal the state of the art— but also to disclose what we think are the most important issues to stake further research eAorts on. Unfortunately, such an eAort calls for a lengthy historical, philosophical, physical, mathematical and statistical elucidation, resulting in an exorbitant requirement for writing space. By permission of the publisher we are able to present our eAort in full, but in two parts—Part I: Climate and Turbulence and Part II: Siting and Models. We kindly ask the reader to be indulgent towards inconsistencies, which are inevitable in the process of dividing the work of five authors. An ideal review paper is objective; however, this requires it to be written by someone not personally active in the field. This is contradictory to the provision of the most up-to-date knowledge. Therefore, because all five authors are employees of Riso National Laboratory, their view is to a large extent the ‘Riso view on things’. It is our hope that these views are shared by many, but we invite discussions on any subject in the review. Part I is an attempt to give an account of the advance of wind power meteorology, from the early days of modest wind turbines till today’s massive plans for large-scale power production by modern megawattsize turbines. The historical development of the concept of ‘wind atlas’ is portrayed, followed by an
Forsythia suspensa extract attenuates breast muscle oxidative injury induced by transport stress in broilers

&NA; This experiment was conducted with 144 male Arbor Acre broilers (one d old, weighing 45.6 ± 1.3 g) to determine protective effects of Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) against breast muscle oxidative injury induced by transport stress (TS). The birds were randomly allotted to one of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of broilers fed diets supplemented without or with FSE (100 mg/kg) and challenged without or with TS for 3 h before slaughter. Transport stress increased live BW loss of broilers (P < 0.05), and the adverse effect was attenuated by FSE (P < 0.05). Serum levels of corticoserone and lactate were increased for broilers after transportation (P < 0.05), whereas these parameters were not affected by FSE. After slaughter, neither breast muscle pH value at 45 min and 24 h postmortem nor 24 h drip loss value was influenced by TS or FSE, whereas TS increased the value of pH decline within 24 h postmortem (P < 0.05). Transportation decreased redness and increased yellowness value of breast muscle in broilers (P < 0.05), and FSE tended to have (P = 0.06) or had the converse changes (P < 0.05). Comparing with non‐transported birds, the birds subjected to transportation had greater malondialdehyde (MDA) content and avUCP mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and lower 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (P < 0.05) in breast muscle, whereas the birds supplemented with FSE had lower MDA content (P < 0.05) and greater DPPH radical scavenging activity (P < 0.05). Transport caused decreases (P < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity, and the decreases were improved by FSE (P < 0.05). Collectively, live BW loss and breast muscle oxidative injury were increased by TS in broilers and could be attenuated by FSE via directly scavenging free radicals and increased antioxidant capacity. Therefore, FSE could protect broilers against breast muscle oxidative injury induced by TS.
A Randomized Maximum A Posteriori Method for Posterior Sampling of High Dimensional Nonlinear Bayesian Inverse Problems

We present a randomized maximum a posteriori (rMAP) method for generating approximate samples of posteriors in high dimensional Bayesian inverse problems governed by large-scale forward problems. We derive the rMAP approach by (1) casting the problem of computing the MAP point as a stochastic optimization problem; (2) interchanging optimization and expectation; and (3) approximating the expectation with a Monte Carlo method. For a specific randomized data and prior mean, rMAP reduces to the randomized maximum likelihood (RML) approach. It can also be viewed as an iterative stochastic Newton method. An analysis of the convergence of the rMAP samples is carried out for both linear and nonlinear inverse problems. Each rMAP sample requires solution of a PDE-constrained optimization problem; to solve these problems, we employ a state-of-the-art trust region inexact Newton conjugate gradient method with sensitivity-based warm starts. An approximate Metropolization approach is presented to reduce the bias in rMA.
Current mode filters using two output inverting CCII

Current mode Tow Thomas filter using two‐output inverting second‐generation current conveyor is given, the circuit has low input impedance, employs two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors and has independent control on Q. A universal current mode filter capable of realizing the five filter functions is also given. Both circuits have low sensitivities to all circuit components. Spice simulation results are included. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered expression of cyclooxygenase-2, 12-lipoxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase-2 and surfactant protein D in lungs of patients with pulmonary injury caused by sulfur mustard

Abstract Context: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a strong alkylating toxicant that targets different organs, particularly human lung tissue. Change in genes expression is one of the molecular mechanisms of SM toxicity in damaged tissue. Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2), and surfactant protein D (SFTPD) in lungs of patients who exposed to SM. Methods: Lung biopsies were provided from SM-exposed patients (n = 6) and controls (n = 5). Total RNA were extracted from all specimens and then cDNA was synthesized for each sample. Changes in gene expression were measured using RT2 Profiler ™PCR Array. Results: Pulmonary function tests revealed more obstructive and restrictive spirometric patterns among patients compared to the control group. Expression of COX-2 and 12-LO in the lung of patients was increased by 6.2555 (p = 0.004) and 6.2379-folds (p = 0.002), respectively. In contrast, expression of SF-D and iNOS genes was reduced by 8.5869-fold (p = 0.005) and 2.4466-folds (p = 0.011), respectively. Conclusions: Mustard lungs were associated with overexpression of COX-2 and 12-LO, which are responsible for inflammation, overproduction of free radicals and oxidative stress. Downregulation of iNOS2 and SF-D are probably the reason for lung disease and dysfunction among these patients. Therefore, the expression of these genes could be an important, routine part of the management of such patients.
High Diversity, Low Disparity and Small Body Size in Plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary

Invasion of the open ocean by tetrapods represents a major evolutionary transition that occurred independently in cetaceans, mosasauroids, chelonioids (sea turtles), ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Plesiosaurian reptiles invaded pelagic ocean environments immediately following the Late Triassic extinctions. This diversification is recorded by three intensively-sampled European fossil faunas, spanning 20 million years (Ma). These provide an unparalleled opportunity to document changes in key macroevolutionary parameters associated with secondary adaptation to pelagic life in tetrapods. A comprehensive assessment focuses on the oldest fauna, from the Blue Lias Formation of Street, and nearby localities, in Somerset, UK (Earliest Jurassic: 200 Ma), identifying three new species representing two small-bodied rhomaleosaurids (Stratesaurus taylori gen et sp. nov.; Avalonnectes arturi gen. et sp. nov) and the most basal plesiosauroid, Eoplesiosaurus antiquior gen. et sp. nov. The initial radiation of plesiosaurs was characterised by high, but short-lived, diversity of an archaic clade, Rhomaleosauridae. Representatives of this initial radiation were replaced by derived, neoplesiosaurian plesiosaurs at small-medium body sizes during a more gradual accumulation of morphological disparity. This gradualistic modality suggests that adaptive radiations within tetrapod subclades are not always characterised by the initially high levels of disparity observed in the Paleozoic origins of major metazoan body plans, or in the origin of tetrapods. High rhomaleosaurid diversity immediately following the Triassic-Jurassic boundary supports the gradual model of Late Triassic extinctions, mostly predating the boundary itself. Increase in both maximum and minimum body length early in plesiosaurian history suggests a driven evolutionary trend. However, Maximum-likelihood models suggest only passive expansion into higher body size categories.
Why we twitter: understanding microblogging usage and communities

Microblogging is a new form of communication in which users can describe their current status in short posts distributed by instant messages, mobile phones, email or the Web. Twitter, a popular microblogging tool has seen a lot of growth since it launched in October, 2006. In this paper, we present our observations of the microblogging phenomena by studying the topological and geographical properties of Twitter's social network. We find that people use microblogging to talk about their daily activities and to seek or share information. Finally, we analyze the user intentions associated at a community level and show how users with similar intentions connect with each other.
Sound event detection in real life audio using perceptual linear predictive feature with neural network

Over the last few years, sound event detection problem has received increasing interest due to its applications in home security, listening through walls and video retrieval etc. [1, 2, 3]. Event detection from sound is a challenging task due to the change in channel behavior and the number of sound sources over time. In this paper, a multi-label classifier is proposed for sound event detection in a polyphonic environment. The proposed classifier uses spectral coefficients of perceptual linear predictive (PLP) feature with convolution neural network. Results show that the proposed classifier using PLP reduces error rate for individual classes as compared to classifiers using other features such as loudness and Mel-Frequency Cepstral coefficients.
The relationship between free-stream coherent structures and near-wall streaks at high Reynolds numbers

The present work is based on our recent discovery of a new class of exact coherent structures generated near the edge of quite general boundary layer flows. The structures are referred to as free-stream coherent structures and were found using a large Reynolds number asymptotic approach to describe equilibrium solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations. In this paper, first we present results for a new family of free-stream coherent structures existing at relatively large wavenumbers. The new results are consistent with our earlier theoretical result that such structures can generate larger amplitude wall streaks if and only if the local spanwise wavenumber is sufficiently small. In a Blasius boundary layer, the local wavenumber increases in the streamwise direction so the wall streaks can typically exist only over a finite interval. However, here it is shown that they can interact with wall curvature to produce exponentially growing Görtler vortices through the receptivity process by a novel nonparallel mechanism. The theoretical predictions found are confirmed by a hybrid numerical approach. In contrast with previous receptivity investigations, it is shown that the amplitude of the induced vortex is larger than the structures in the free-stream which generate it. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Toward the development of high-fidelity models of wall turbulence at large Reynolds number’.
System-Wide Analysis Unravels the Differential Regulation and In Vivo Essentiality of Virulence-Associated Proteins B and C Toxin-Antitoxin Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are bicistronic genetic modules that are ubiquitously present in bacterial genomes. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes 90 putative TA systems, and these are considered to be associated with maintenance of bacterial genomic stability or bacterial survival under unfavorable environmental conditions. The majority of these in M. tuberculosis have been annotated as belonging to the virulence-associated protein B and C (VapBC) family. However, their precise role in bacterial physiology has not been elucidated. Here, we functionally characterized VapC toxins from M. tuberculosis and show that overexpression of some homologs inhibits growth of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin in a bacteriostatic manner. Expression profiling of messenger RNA revealed that these VapC toxins were differentially induced upon exposure of M. tuberculosis to stress conditions. We also unraveled that transcriptional cross-activation exists between TA systems in M. tuberculosis. This study provides the first evidence for the essentiality of VapBC3 and VapBC4 systems in M. tuberculosis virulence.
Cardiomyopathy and Response to Enzyme Replacement Therapy in a Male Mouse Model for Fabry Disease

Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism that results in progressive accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, (predominately globotriaosylceramide; GL-3) in lysosomes, as well as other cellular compartments and the extracellular space. Our aim was to characterize the cardiac phenotype of male knock-out mice that are deficient in alpha-galactosidase A activity, as a model for Fabry disease and test the efficacy of Enzyme Replacement Therapy with agalsidase-beta. Male mice (3–4 months of age) were characterized with awake blood pressure and heart rate measurements, cardiac echocardiography and electrocardiography measurements under light anesthesia, histological studies and molecular studies with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Fabry knock-out mouse has bradycardia and lower blood pressure than control wild type (CB7BL/6J) mice. In Fabry knock-out mice, the cardiomyopathy associated mild hypertrophy at echography with normal systolic LV function and mild diastolic dysfunction. Premature atrial contractions were more frequent in without conduction defect. Heart weight normalized to tibial length was increased in Fabry knock-out mice. Ascending aorta dilatation was observed. Molecular studies were consistent with early stages of cardiac remodeling. A single dose of agalsidase-beta (3 mg/kg) did not affect the LV hypertrophy, function or heart rate, but did improve the mRNA signals of early cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mice at 3 to 4 months of age have cardiac and vascular alterations similar to that described in early clinical stage of Fabry disease in children and adolescents. Enzyme replacement therapy affects cardiac molecular remodeling after a single dose.
Sympathetic- and parasympathetic-linked cardiac function and prediction of externalizing behavior, emotion regulation, and prosocial behavior among preschoolers treated for ADHD.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate measures of cardiac activity and reactivity as prospective biomarkers of treatment response to an empirically supported behavioral intervention for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Cardiac preejection period (PEP), an index of sympathetic-linked cardiac activity, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic-linked cardiac activity, were assessed among 99 preschool children (ages 4-6 years) with ADHD both at rest and in response to behavioral challenge, before participants and their parents completed 1 of 2 versions of the Incredible Years parent and child interventions. RESULTS Main effects of PEP activity and reactivity and of RSA activity and reactivity were found. Although samplewide improvements in behavior were observed at posttreatment, those who exhibited lengthened cardiac PEP at rest and reduced PEP reactivity to incentives scored higher on measures of conduct problems and aggression both before and after treatment. In contrast, children who exhibited lower baseline RSA and greater RSA withdrawal scored lower on prosocial behavior before and after treatment. Finally, children who exhibited greater RSA withdrawal scored lower on emotion regulation before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We discuss these findings in terms of (a) individual differences in underlying neurobiological systems subserving appetitive (i.e., approach) motivation, emotion regulation, and social affiliation and (b) the need to develop more intensive interventions targeting neurobiologically vulnerable children.
Low Dimensional Manifold Model for Image Processing

In this paper, we propose a novel low dimensional manifold model (LDMM) and apply it to some image processing problems. LDMM is based on the fact that the patch manifolds of many natural images have low dimensional structure. Based on this fact, the dimension of the patch manifold is used as a regularization to recover the image. The key step in LDMM is to solve a Laplace--Beltrami equation over a point cloud which is solved by the point integral method. The point integral method enforces the sample point constraints correctly and gives better results than the standard graph Laplacian. Numerical simulations in image denoising, inpainting, and superresolution problems show that LDMM is a powerful method in image processing.
Effects of Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Blinking Pattern on Tear Film Instability After Corneal Refractive Surgery

Purpose: To investigate associations between changes in tear film instability and the lipid layer thickness (LLT) and blink pattern after corneal refractive surgery (CRS). Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in this study. The LLT and blink pattern were evaluated 1 week before and 30 days after CRS using a novel interferometer and an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, and other tear film stability markers were also evaluated. Results: Mean OSDI scores increased from 5.52 to 8.54 (P = 0.016), corneal fluorescence staining scores increased from 0.05 to 0.25 (P = 0.034), first noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT-F) decreased from 9.66 to 7.33 seconds (P = 0.014), and average noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT-Ave) decreased from 12.32 to 10.26 seconds (P = 0.047) 1 month after CRS. Meanwhile, mean total blink frequency in 20 seconds decreased significantly from 12.62 to 6.31 (P < 0.001); LLT did not change significantly (P = 0.447). The change in NIBUT-Ave was positively correlated with that in LLT (P = 0.003) and negatively correlated with that in the partial blink rate (P = 0.013). The changes in the OSDI questionnaire, NIBUT, LLT, and blink pattern were not different between the laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis groups. Conclusions: A decrease in tear film stability occurs 1 month after CRS, the change in the blink pattern and unchanged LLT preoperatively and postoperatively suggesting that these parameters play a role in maintaining tear film stability after CRS.
Sociodemographic Characteristics, Patterns of Crack Use, Concomitant Substance Use Disorders, and Psychiatric Symptomatology in Treatment-Seeking Crack-Dependent Individuals in Brazil

ABSTRACT Crack cocaine (crack) dependence is a severe disorder associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, constituting a major public health problem in Brazil. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the profile of treatment-seeking crack-dependent individuals. We recruited 65 crack-dependent individuals from among those seeking treatment at an outpatient clinic for alcohol and drug treatment in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Assessments, conducted between August 2012 and July 2014, focused on sociodemographic characteristics, the pattern/history of crack use, treatment history, concomitant substance use disorders, psychiatric symptomatology, and impulsivity. In the study sample, males predominated, as did unemployment, homelessness, and low levels of education. On average, the participants had smoked crack for 10 years. Most had previously been treated for crack dependence. Concomitant DSM-IV diagnoses of dependence on other substances were common, dependence on tobacco and alcohol being the most prevalent. Participants presented significant psychiatric symptomatology and impulsivity, with nearly half of the sample presenting psychotic symptoms, 90% presenting depressive symptoms, and 80% presenting anxiety symptoms. Most treatment-seeking crack-dependent individuals in Brazil are living in extremely poor social conditions and are struggling with the severe, chronic, and comorbid features of this disorder.