Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letter: Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin in rat pancreatic monolayer culture.

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Uniparental genetic markers in South Amerindians

A comprehensive review of uniparental systems in South Amerindians was undertaken. Variability in the Y-chromosome haplogroups were assessed in 68 populations and 1,814 individuals whereas that of Y-STR markers was assessed in 29 populations and 590 subjects. Variability in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup was examined in 108 populations and 6,697 persons, and sequencing studies used either the complete mtDNA genome or the highly variable segments 1 and 2. The diversity of the markers made it difficult to establish a general picture of Y-chromosome variability in the populations studied. However, haplogroup Q1a3a* was almost always the most prevalent whereas Q1a3* occurred equally in all regions, which suggested its prevalence among the early colonizers. The STR allele frequencies were used to derive a possible ancient Native American Q-clade chromosome haplotype and five of six STR loci showed significant geographic variation. Geographic and linguistic factors moderately influenced the mtDNA distributions (6% and 7%, respectively) and mtDNA haplogroups A and D correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with latitude. The data analyzed here provide rich material for understanding the biological history of South Amerindians and can serve as a basis for comparative studies involving other types of data, such as cultural data.
Effect of nutrient availability on carbon and nitrogen incorporation and flows through benthic algae and bacteria in near-shore sandy sediment

Carbon and nitrogen uptake in a microbial community comprising bacteria and micro- algae in a sandy marine sediment under nutrient-limited and -replete conditions was studied using a mesocosm approach. After 2 wk of incubation, a pulse of H 13 CO3 - and 15 NH4 + was added to the meso- cosms, and subsequent uptake of 13 C and 15 N by bacteria and microphytobenthos (MPB) was traced by analysis of 13 C and 15 N incorporation into hydrolysable amino acids, including the bacterial bio- marker D-alanine. The results confirm that MPB communities are capable of sustained high rates of photosynthesis despite nutrient limitation. Under these conditions cellular growth stops (as defined by the synthesis of chlorophyll a and amino acids) and the carbon fixed under such conditions con- sists predominantly of carbohydrates produced through 'overflow metabolism'. In the treatment with nutrient addition, algal growth was stimulated and label incorporation was more balanced, with carbohydrates accounting for a much smaller fraction of newly fixed organic carbon. There was close agreement between net C fixation based on O2 fluxes and the increase of particulate organic carbon in the sediment under both nutrient-limited and -replete conditions. This finding suggests that very little fixed C was lost to the water column as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), consistent with direct measurements of DOC release using 14 C. There was a significant and rapid transfer of 13 C from the MPB to bacterial biomass in both treatments within 24 h of label addition, revealing that fixed carbon excreted by MPB was rapidly utilised by bacteria. In both treatments, bacteria incorporated a signif- icant fraction of 15 N from 15 NH4 + , with the greatest incorporation being observed under nutrient- limited conditions.
Event Detection via Gated Multilingual Attention Mechanism

Identifying event instance in text plays a critical role in building NLP applications such as Information Extraction (IE) system. However, most existing methods for this task focus only on monolingual clues of a specific language and ignore the massive information provided by other languages. Data scarcity and monolingual ambiguity hinder the performance of these monolingual approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel multilingual approach---dubbed as Gated Multilingual Attention (GMLATT) framework---to address the two issues simultaneously. In specific, to alleviate data scarcity problem, we exploit the consistent information in multilingual data via context attention mechanism. Which takes advantage of the consistent evidence in multilingual data other than learning only from monolingual data. To deal with monolingual ambiguity problem, we propose gated cross-lingual attention to exploit the complement information conveyed by multilingual data, which is helpful for the disambiguation. The cross-lingual attention gate serves as a sentinel modelling the confidence of the clues provided by other languages and controls the information integration of various languages. We have conducted extensive experiments on the ACE 2005 benchmark. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Perioperative analgesic requirements in severely obese adolescents and young adults undergoing laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted gastric sleeve resection

Purpose: One of the major advantages for patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery as compared to an open surgical procedure is the improved recovery profile and decreased opioid requirements in the perioperative period. There are no definitive studies comparing the analgesic requirements in patients undergoing two different types of minimally invasive procedure. This study retrospectively compares the perioperative analgesic requirements in severely obese adolescents and young adults undergoing laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted, laparoscopic gastric sleeve resection. Materials and Methods: With Institutional Review Board approval, the medication administration records of all severely obese patients who underwent gastric sleeve resection were retrospectively reviewed. Intra-operative analgesic and adjuvant medications administered, postoperative analgesic requirements, and visual analog pain scores were compared between those undergoing a laparoscopic procedure versus a robotic-assisted procedure. Results: This study cohort included a total of 28 patients who underwent gastric sleeve resection surgery with 14 patients in the laparoscopic group and 14 patients in the robotic-assisted group. Intra-operative adjuvant administration of both intravenous acetaminophen and ketorolac was similar in both groups. Patients in the robotic-assisted group required significantly less opioid during the intra-operative period as compared to patients in the laparoscopic group (0.15 ± 0.08 mg/kg vs. 0.19 ± 0.06 mg/kg morphine, P = 0.024). Cumulative opioid requirements for the first 72 postoperative h were similar in both the groups (0.64 ± 0.25 vs. 0.68 ± 0.27 mg/kg morphine, P = NS). No difference was noted in the postoperative pain scores. Conclusion: Although intraoperative opioid administration was lower in the robotic-assisted group, the postoperative opioid requirements, and the postoperative pain scores were similar in both groups.
Studies on the bioavailability of the provitamin A carotenoid, β-carotene, using human exfoliated colonic epithelial cells

The possibility of using exfoliated colonic epithelial cells for assessing the bioavailability of β-carotene was examined. Analysis of exfoliated colonic epithelial cells showed the presence of β-carotene and vitamin A. The β-carotene content was significantly lower in cells from stool samples of subjects on a β-carotene-poor diet than those receiving a single dose of a β-carotene supplement. Colonic epithelial cells isolated from stool samples collected daily during a wash-out period while the subjects were on a β-carotene-poor diet showed a steady decrease in β-carotene content, reaching the lowest value on day 7. Kinetic analysis showed that a single dose of a β-carotene supplement in the form of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) or agathi (Sesbania grandiflora) after the wash-out period caused an increase in the β-carotene content after a lag period of 5–7 d, but the vitamin A levels during these periods were not significantly affected. Analysis of plasma β-carotene concentration also showed similar changes, which correlated with those of exfoliated colonic cells. A relationship between the β-carotene content of the diet and that of the colonic epithelial cells suggests that analysis of the β-carotene content in exfoliated human colonic epithelial cells is a useful non-invasive method to assess the bioavailability of provitamin A β-carotene.
Effect of Gratitude on Benign and Malicious Envy: The Mediating Role of Social Support

Gratitude has been investigated in various areas in psychology. The present research showed that gratitude had some positive effects on some aspects of our life, such as subjective well-being, life satisfaction, and social relationships. It can also help us relieve negative emotions. However, the existing literature has not studied the influence of gratitude on envy. The present study used structural equation modeling to test the mediating role of social support between gratitude and two types of envy (malicious and benign). We recruited 426 Chinese undergraduates to complete the Gratitude Questionnaire, Malicious and Benign Envy Scales, and the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results showed that gratitude positively predicted benign envy and negatively predicted malicious envy. In addition, the indirect effect of gratitude on two types of envy via social support was significant. These results revealed the direct relationship between gratitude and malicious/benign envy, and the mediating effect of social support, which will contribute to find effective measures to inhibit malicious envy and promote benign envy from the perspective of cultivating gratitude and increasing individuals' social support.
House Price Growth, Collateral Constraints and the Accumulation of Homeowner Debt in the United States

Using household panel data, we present evidence on the relationship between house price growth and household indebtedness among homeowners in the United States for the period 1999 to 2007. We posit an underlying mechanism whereby rising housing wealth allows households to increase their collateralised borrowing. Over the period, we find that roughly one-fifth of the growth in indebtedness among U.S. households can be explained by rising house prices. This housing wealth–indebtedness link is stronger among the minority of households that were initially “collateral constrained. ”
An assessment of employee ownership in the United States with implications for the EU

The United States has developed a varied and widespread employee ownership sector. This sector has two distinct sub-sectors, the public stock market and small privately-held firms. There is a significant gap in the incidence and development of employee ownership between the European Union (EU) and the US when both sectors are examined. Socioeconmic system differences between the EU and the US suggests that EU employee ownership will be more likely to develop if the EU expands citizen participation in its public stock markets and creates legislative support for selling smaller family businesses to employees. Second, US employee ownership is deficient in direct employee participation in corporate governance. If employees are to have reasonable rights to protect their investment risk, the US will have to converge with the EU in terms of its appreciation of the co-determination rights of workers. The development of employee ownership in the US can be better understood by appreciating the subtleties of how the argument that ownership causes superior performance of employee owned firms is presented. Most employee ownership firms will use the pull model of employee ownership where the firm never makes the extreme commitments of cultural transformation that are necessary to drive better corporate performance. We expect that the push model of employee ownership will continue to be the basis of a more “utopian” image of employee ownership. The pull model of employee ownership is based on the notion that the structure of compensation has changed in modern society and corporations are increasingly looking for ways to provide modest fix wage commitments and pay AFTER performance has taken place. The collapse of the fixed wage system plays a key role in the emergence of employee ownership in the US. Research on the wealth effects of employee ownership supports the perception that employee ownership firms are more generous. It is only this evidence that creates the basis of broad public support of the idea. This last observation helps explain why employee ownership has become so popular in the United States despite the fact that it violates a common precept of investment, namely, that a diversified basket of investments are the most rational market investment. Too much US employee ownership was “bogus employee ownership” based on workers purchasing stock with their savings. To the extent the EU wants to learn about employee ownership from the US, it should not imitate these mistakes.
Assessing Systemic Trade Interconnectedness - an Empirical Approach

The paper focuses on systemically important jurisdictions in the global trade network, complementing recent IMF work on systemically important financial sectors. Using the IMF’s Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) database and network analysis, the paper develops a framework for ranking jurisdictions based on trade size and trade interconnectedness indicators using data for 2000 and 2010. The results show a near perfect overlap between the top 25 systemically important trade and financial jurisdictions, suggesting that these ought to be the focus of risk-based surveillance on cross-border spillovers and contagion. In addition, a number of extensions to the approach are developed that can provide a better understanding of trade dynamics at the bilateral, regional, and global levels.
Understanding Contemporary Ireland: State, Class and Development in the Republic of Ireland

Preface - Introduction: The Transformation of Ireland's Social Structure - The Evolution and Structure of the Irish State - The Transformation of the Class Structure: Occupations, Opportunities and Occupants - The State and the Distribution and Redistribution of Income - State, Class and Family - Education: The Promise of Reform and the Growth of Credentialism - Employment, Unemployment and Industrial Policy - Industrial Relations and the State - Agriculture: Policy and Politics - The Ebbing Tide - References - Index
SqueezedText: A Real-Time Scene Text Recognition by Binary Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network

A new approach for real-time scene text recognition is proposed in this paper. A novel binary convolutional encoder-decoder network (B-CEDNet) together with a bidirectional recurrent neural network (Bi-RNN). The B-CEDNet is engaged as a visual front-end to provide elaborated character detection, and a back-end Bi-RNN performs character-level sequential correction and classification based on learned contextual knowledge. The front-end B-CEDNet can process multiple regions containing characters using a one-off forward operation, and is trained under binary constraints with significant compression. Hence it leads to both remarkable inference run-time speedup as well as memory usage reduction. With the elaborated character detection, the back-end Bi-RNN merely processes a low dimension feature sequence with category and spatial information of extracted characters for sequence correction and classification. By training with over 1,000,000 synthetic scene text images, the B-CEDNet achieves a recall rate of 0.86, precision of 0.88 and F-score of 0.87 on ICDAR-03 and ICDAR-13. With the correction and classification by Bi-RNN, the proposed real-time scene text recognition achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while only consumes less than 1-ms inference run-time. The flow processing flow is realized on GPU with a small network size of 1.01 MB for B-CEDNet and 3.23 MB for Bi-RNN, which is much faster and smaller than the existing solutions.
Abdominal aortitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes

Endovascular infections are 1 cause of fever of unknown origin. We describe a diagnostically challenging case of cryptogenic abdominal aortitis from Sterptococcus pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes. A 72-year-old male presented with epigastric pain, fevers, and chills. A computed tomography scan demonstrated enlargement and ulceration of the distal abdominal aorta, prompting urgent vascular surgery. Intraoperative tissue cultures grew S. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes and gatifloxacin was administered for 6 weeks. Spontaneous abdominal aortitis is uncommon and usually due to a single pathogen. This is the second reported case of polymicrobial infectious aortitis and to date, Enterobacter has only been reported in infected aortic grafts. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for infectious aortitis as the mortality, if only treated medically, approaches 100%.
Financial Imperative or Conservation Concern? EU Farmers' Motivations for Participation in Voluntary Agri-Environmental Schemes

Based on a large transnational research project that involved questionnaires with 1000 farm households in nine EU countries and Switzerland, this paper investigates factors influencing farmers' participation in agri-environmental schemes (AESs). Analysis of motivations for AES participation highlights that complex patterns of AESs are in operation. Pronounced geographical differences in farmers' reactions towards schemes can be identified, with responses by farmers from northern member states often differing from those in Mediterranean countries, and with arable farmers often responding differently from grassland farmers. Yet, the study also highlights that much common ground exists and that conceptual frameworks for the understanding of farmers' participation in AESs developed in the United Kingdom can be successfully applied outside the British context. Common participation patterns include the importance of financial imperatives and ‘goodness of fit’, and the influence of similar sets of factors such as farm size, tenure, or farm type. The growing importance of conservation-oriented motivations for AES participation across Europe suggests the emergence of a ‘new hypothesis’ which highlights that the financial imperative for participation does not necessarily exclude an often equally important environmental concern. The paper concludes by indicating where current agri-environmental policy (AEP) may be failing adequately to address structural and socioeconomic characteristics of targeted farming populations, and by arguing that understanding participation decisionmaking is only the first step in an attempt to assess the ‘effectiveness’ of AEP. Further comparative research is needed to investigate in detail more complex indicators of scheme success, in particular what effects scheme participation has on farmers' incomes, farmers' environmental attitudes, and on the environmental quality of the countryside targeted by AESs.
Microarray analysis of Drosophila dicer‐2 mutants reveals potential regulation of mitochondrial metabolism by endogenous siRNAs

RNA interference is a eukaryotic regulatory mechanism by which small non‐coding RNAs typically mediate specific silencing of their cognate genes. In Drosophila, the RNase III enzyme Dicer‐2 (Dcr‐2) is essential for biogenesis of endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo‐siRNAs), which have been implicated in regulation of endogenous protein‐coding genes. Although much is known about microRNA‐based regulatory networks, the biological functions of endo‐siRNAs in animals remain poorly understood. We performed gene expression profiling on Drosophila dcr‐2 null mutant pupae to investigate transcriptional effects caused by a severe defect in endo‐siRNA production, and found 306 up‐regulated and 357 down‐regulated genes with at least a twofold change in expression compared with the wild type. Most of these up‐regulated and down‐regulated genes were associated with energy metabolism and development, respectively. Importantly, mRNA sequences of 39% of the up‐regulated genes were perfectly complementary to the sequences of previously reported endo‐siRNAs, suggesting they may be direct targets of endo‐siRNAs. We confirmed up‐regulation of five selected genes matching endo‐siRNAs and concomitant down‐regulation of the corresponding endo‐siRNAs in dcr‐2 mutant pupae. Most of the potential endo‐siRNA target genes were associated with energy metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, implying that these are major metabolic processes directly affected by endo‐siRNAs in Drosophila. Consistent with this finding, dcr‐2 null mutant pupae had lower ATP content compared with controls, indicating that mitochondrial energy production is impaired in these mutants. Our data support a potential role for the endo‐siRNA pathway in energy homeostasis through regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 418–427, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intermittent luteal phase sertraline treatment of dysphoric premenstrual syndrome.

BACKGROUND Dysphoric premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been associated with serotonergic dysregulation, and serotonergic medications have been reported to alleviate the symptoms of PMS. We investigated the effects of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline given during only the luteal phase in women with dysphoric PMS. METHOD After baseline ratings were obtained during two menstrual cycles, 15 women with dysphoric PMS who also met DSM-IV criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) entered single-blind treatment with sertraline 100 mg/day for one full menstrual cycle. Women who responded to this treatment were randomly assigned to a four-cycle double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in which sertraline 100 mg/day or placebo was each given only during luteal phases of two consecutive menstrual cycles. RESULTS Eleven (79%) of fourteen women responded to single-blind full-cycle treatment with sertraline and were randomly assigned to the double-blind crossover study. Three patients dropped out of the study while taking placebo owing to nonresponse. For the remaining patients, sertraline given during the luteal phase produced significant improvements in depression, impairment, and global ratings compared with placebo and was equivalent in efficacy to sertraline given during the entire menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION Women with dysphoric PMS who responded to continuous sertraline treatment responded equally well to sertraline treatment that was restricted to the luteal phase. Luteal phase treatment may have advantages in side effect burden and costs. Larger controlled trials are warranted to confirm this finding.