Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kernel-based Similarity Search in Massive Graph Databases with Wavelet Trees

Similarity search in databases of labeled graphs is a fundamental task in managing graph data such as XML, chemical compounds and social networks. Typically, a graph is decomposed to a set of substructures (e.g., paths, trees and subgraphs) and a similarity measure is defined via the number of common substructures. Using the representation, graphs can be stored in a document database by regarding graphs as documents and substructures as words. A graph similarity query then translates to a semi-conjunctive query that retrieves graphs sharing at least k substructures in common with the query graph. We argue that this kind of query cannot be solved efficiently by conventional inverted indexes, and develop a novel recursive search algorithm on wavelet trees (Grossi et al., SODA’03). Unlike gIndex, it does not require frequent subgraph mining for indexing. In experiments, our method was successfully applied to 25 million chemical compounds.
NaV1.7 Gain-of-Function Mutations as a Continuum: A1632E Displays Physiological Changes Associated with Erythromelalgia and Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder Mutations and Produces Symptoms of Both Disorders

Gain-of-function mutations of NaV1.7 have been shown to produce two distinct disorders: NaV1.7 mutations that enhance activation produce inherited erythromelalgia (IEM), characterized by burning pain in the extremities; NaV1.7 mutations that impair inactivation produce a different, nonoverlapping syndrome, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD), characterized by rectal, periocular, and perimandibular pain. Here we report a novel NaV1.7 mutation associated with a mixed clinical phenotype with characteristics of IEM and PEPD, with an alanine 1632 substitution by glutamate (A1632E) in domain IV S4–S5 linker. Patch-clamp analysis shows that A1632E produces changes in channel function seen in both IEM and PEPD mutations: A1632E hyperpolarizes (−7 mV) the voltage dependence of activation, slows deactivation, and enhances ramp responses, as observed in NaV1.7 mutations that produce IEM. A1632E depolarizes (+17mV) the voltage dependence of fast inactivation, slows fast inactivation, and prevents full inactivation, resulting in persistent inward currents similar to PEPD mutations. Using current clamp, we show that A1632E renders dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion neurons hyperexcitable. These results demonstrate a NaV1.7 mutant with biophysical characteristics common to PEPD (impaired fast inactivation) and IEM (hyperpolarized activation, slow deactivation, and enhanced ramp currents) associated with a clinical phenotype with characteristics of both IEM and PEPD and show that this mutation renders DRG and trigeminal ganglion neurons hyperexcitable. These observations indicate that IEM and PEPD mutants are part of a physiological continuum that can produce a continuum of clinical phenotypes.
Polarization Change Due to Fast Winds from Accretion Disks

A fraction of the radiation produced by an accretion disk may be Thomson-scattered by a wind flowing away from the disk. Employing a simple plane-parallel model of the wind, we calculate the polarization of the scattered radiation and find that its sign depends on the wind velocity, β=v/c. In the case where 0.12<β<0.78, the polarization is parallel to the disk normal; i.e., it is orthogonal to the standard Chandrasekhar polarization expected from accretion disks. The velocity of an e wind is likely to saturate near the equilibrium value β*~0.5, for which the accelerating radiation pressure is balanced by the Compton drag. Then the change of polarization by the wind is most pronounced. This may help to reconcile the standard accretion disk model with the optical polarimetric observations of nonblazar active galactic nuclei.
Does Similarity Breed Marital and Sexual Satisfaction?

This study examined the effect of socioeconomic–cultural homogamy on the marital and sexual satisfaction of Hong Kong Chinese couples. Using a representative, territory-wide sample of 1,083 first-time married heterosexual couples, this study found that wives were generally less satisfied than their husbands with their marital and sexual relationships. Husbands were more likely to be satisfied with their marriages when they were two to four years older than their wives than when they were of similar age to their wives (i.e., within one year of each other), but they were less likely to be satisfied with their marriages when only their wives were employed than when both partners were employed. In addition, they were less likely to be satisfied with both their marital and sexual relationships when their wives were five or more years older. Wives with an older husband were more likely to be sexually satisfied than wives of the same age as their husband, but they were less likely to be satisfied with their marriages when they were better educated than their husbands. The implications of the findings are discussed.
The Russians are 'chilling:' A study of codemixing in the Russian community of Pittsburgh, PA.

This study describes patterns of code-switching, code-mixing and borrowing in the speech and behavior of 25 participants, native Russian speakers and English bilinguals, currently residing in Pittsburgh, PA. Even though these speakers choose to code-mix naturally, I hypothesize that the choice of English verb stems is morphophonologically constrained according to the specific limitations created by Russian linguistic structure and phonemic inventory. I focus on verb borrowing and explore to what degree Russian morphological structure affects the borrowing and code-mixing of the English verbs into predominantly Russian speech. The results reveal that the speakers accept and prefer to code-mix specific verbs according to morphophonological constraints and that age of arrival and time in country correlate with the acceptability judgments of the speakers. I propose that this speech community presents a case of code-mixing, where both languages are unmarked and freely embedded into the matrix of everyday communication of the participants. I utilize Myers-Scotton's (1993a) Matrix Language-Frame Model to describe the patterns of code-mixing in this speech community. Her hypotheses are described and contrasted with the findings of this thesis. I postulate that the type of code-mixing that exists in this speech community is not specific to certain practices or speech events. The study demonstrates that the pattern of speech represents a recognized norm within the group. The switch is an unmarked choice for all of the members of this speech community, which in turn defines and separates the group from the other members of the overall Russian-speaking community, specifically by age. This paper suggests that a gap exists in the literature on code-switching as it rarely describes any cases from the Russian-English bilingual community and from any speech community where neither language possesses an indexicality of power and is somehow hierarchically placed within the language matrix of the community. Specific languages appear during specific topics of discussion and discourse contexts, however I suggest that in this particular speech community, the speakers do not assign dominance to Russian or English and code-mix freely, limited and restricted only by discourse and topic issues and morphophonological constraints.
Isolation and characterization of Phycomyces blakesleeanus ferritin

Ferritin was isolated from the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus and compared biochemically and immunologically with horse spleen ferritin. Phycomyces and horse spleen ferritins were shown to exhibit similar electrophoretic patterns on polyacrylamide gels. Both preparations yielded an identical single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. Tryptic digests of Phycomyces ferritin yielded 17 ninhydrin-positive spots as compared to 26 for horse spleen ferritin tryptic digests. Phycomyces ferritin was immunologically unrelated to horse spleen ferritin.
Rigid Molecule Docking: FPGA Reconfiguration for Alternative Force Laws

Molecular docking is one of the primary computational methods used by pharmaceutical companies to try to reduce the cost of drug discovery. A common docking technique, used for low-resolution screening or as an intermediate step, performs a three-dimensional correlation between two molecules to test for favorable interactions between them. We extend our previous work on FPGA-based docking accelerators, using reconfigurability for customization of the physical laws and geometric models that describe molecule interaction. Our approach, based on direct summation, allows straightforward combination of multiple forces and enables nonlinear force models; the latter, in particular, are incompatible with the transform-based techniques typically used. Our approach has the further advantage of supporting spatially oriented values in molecule models, as well as the detection of multiple positions representing favorable interactions. We report performance measurements on several different models of chemical behavior and show speedups of from to over a PC.
Behavioural and neural correlates of the Iowa gambling task

The current set of studies aimed to examine reward related learning on the Iowa gambling task (IGT) in younger and older healthy adults as well as patients with brain injury. The studies look at the relationship of reward-based learning, non-reward related rule learning, emotion processes, and executive function abilities. The investigations also examine neural correlates of reward-based learning using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with brain-injured patients and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method with younger healthy adults. No significant age related effects were found on IGT performance. A significant positive association was found for IGT performance and classification of positive valence pictures while controlling for apathy scale scores. Mapping of grey matter correlates of early learning for reward-based learning (IGT) and non-reward related rule learning (BRFS) revealed a similar left frontal pole neural correlate for both tasks and the differential right caudate association for reward-based learning on the IGT. For the fMRI investigation, general decision-making on the IGT in healthy younger adults involved left orbitofrontal cortex, right anterior cingulate, middle and inferior frontal gyrus. Learning in the IGT involved the right cerebellum, left frontal pole, and left caudate. Amygdala involvement was also found.
Boards of Directors as an Endogenously Determined Institution: A Survey of the Economic Literature

The authors identify the primary findings of the empirical literature on boards of directors. Typically, these studies have sought to answer one of the following questions: How are the characteristics of the board related to profitability? How do these characteristics affect boards' observable actions? What factors affect board makeup and evolution? Across these studies, a number of regularities have emerged - notably, the fact that board composition does not seem to predict corporate performance, while board size has a negative relationship to performance. The authors note, however, that because there has been little theory to accompany these studies, it is difficult to interpret the empirical results, particularly with respect to possible policy prescriptions.
Adolescents' Perceptions of Friends during Substance Abuse Treatment: A Qualitative Study

Changing peer groups is a common emphasis in many adolescent substance abuse treatment approaches. The aim of this article is to explore the following issues using qualitative data from interviews with 12 adolescents admitted to outpatient substance abuse treatment: 1) Did adolescents perceive that their friends supported substance abuse treatment? ; 2) Did adolescents perceive that their friends supported abstinence? ; and 3) Did adolescents change friends between intake and discharge? In terms of friends' support of substance abuse treatment, adolescents perceived a mixture of positive, neutral, and negative responses. While no adolescent described a situation in which friends explicitly discouraged abstinence, most did talk about how friends could or would assist them as they attempted to refrain from substance use, at least while they were in treatment. Few adolescents made any changes in peer groups between intake to and discharge from outpatient treatment. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the enhancement of working memory

The time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory was investigated by applying anodal stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex. This single-blind, sham-controlled crossover study recruited 15 healthy participants. A three-back verbal working-memory task was performed before, during, and 30 min after 1 mA anodal or sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS, compared with sham stimulation, significantly improved working-memory performance. Accuracy of response was significantly increased after 20 min of tDCS application, and was further enhanced after 30 min of stimulation. This effect was maintained for 30 min after the completion of stimulation. These results suggest that tDCS at 1 mA enhances working memory in a time-dependent manner for at least 30 min in healthy participants.
Relationships of Children in Stepfamilies with Their Non-resident Fathers

The number of children living in stepfamilies is increasing. Most of these children have another parent (usually the father) who is not resident in the household but with whom they have some contact. Children's views of the frequency of this contact, and the quality of father-child and other family relationships were explored in a recent study undertaken in the UK between 1998 and 2002. This study, 'The Study of Stepchildren and Step-parenting', is reported on in this article.
How can we investigate citation behavior? A study of reasons for citing literature in communication

Authors’ motivations for citing documents are addressed through a literature review and an empirical study. Replicating an investigation in psychology, the works of two highly-cited authors in the discipline of communication were identified, and all of the authors who cited them during the period 1995–1997 were surveyed. The instrument posed 32 questions about why a certain document was cited, plus questions about the citer’s relationship to the cited author and document. Most findings were similar to the psychology study, including a tendency to cite “concept markers” representing a genre of work. Authors in communication were more likely to have an interpersonal connection to cited authors, and to cite literature reviews—their most common reason for citation. Three types of judgments about cited works were found to best predict citation: (1) that the work was novel, well-known, and a concept-marker; (2) that citing it might promote the authority of one’s own work; and (3) that the work deserved criticism. Suggestions are made for further research, especially regarding the anomalous role of creativity in cited works.
Characterization of olfactory sensilla of Stomoxys calcitrans and electrophysiological responses to odorant compounds associated with hosts and oviposition media

Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are economically important biting flies that have caused billions of dollars in losses in the livestock industry. Field monitoring studies have indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host location. To further our understanding of stable fly olfaction, we examined the antennal morphology of adults using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four major types of sensillum were found and classified as: (a) basiconic sensilla; (b) trichoid sensilla with three subtypes; (c) clavate sensilla, and (d) coeloconic sensilla. No significant differences between male and female flies in abundances (total numbers) of these sensillum types were observed, except for medium-sized trichoid sensilla. The distinctive pore structures found on the surface of basiconic and clavate sensilla suggest their olfactory functions. No wall pores were found in trichoid and coeloconic sensilla, which suggests that these two types of sensillum may function as mechano-receptors. Details of the distributions of different sensillum types located on the funicle of the fly antenna were also recorded. Electroantennogram results indicated significant antennal responses to host-associated compounds. The importance of stable fly olfaction relative to host and host environment seeking is discussed. This research provides valuable new information that will enhance future developments in integrated stable fly management.
A Statistical Model of Human Pose and Body Shape

Generation and animation of realistic humans is an essential part of many projects in today's media industry. Especially, the games and special effects industry heavily depend on realistic human animation. In this work a unified model that describes both, human pose and body shape is introduced which allows us to accurately model muscle deformations not only as a function of pose but also dependent on the physique of the subject. Coupled with the model's ability to generate arbitrary human body shapes, it severely simplifies the generation of highly realistic character animations. A learning based approach is trained on approximately 550 full body 3D laser scans taken of 114 subjects. Scan registration is performed using a non‐rigid deformation technique. Then, a rotation invariant encoding of the acquired exemplars permits the computation of a statistical model that simultaneously encodes pose and body shape. Finally, morphing or generating meshes according to several constraints simultaneously can be achieved by training semantically meaningful regressors.
Vitamin D Supplementation for the Treatment of Acute Childhood Pneumonia: A Systematic Review

Background. Studies have found an increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency in children with pneumonia; however, there is no conclusive data regarding the direct effect of vitamin D supplementation in acute pneumonia. Methods. A comprehensive search was performed of the major electronic databases till September 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatment with vitamin D3 versus placebo in children ≤5 years old with pneumonia were included. Results. Out of 32 full text articles, 2 RCTs including 653 children were eligible for inclusion. One trial used a single 100,000 unit of oral vitamin D3 at the onset of pneumonia. There was no significant difference in the mean (±SD) number of days to recovery between the vitamin D3 and placebo arms (P = 0.17). Another trial used oral vitamin D3 (1000 IU for <1 year and 2000 IU for >1 year) for 5 days in children with severe pneumonia. Median duration of resolution of severe pneumonia was similar in the two groups (intervention, 72 hours; placebo, 64 hours). Duration of hospitalization and time to resolution of tachypnea, chest retractions, and inability to feed were also comparable between the two groups. Conclusions. Oral vitamin D supplementation does not help children under-five with acute pneumonia.
Beyond Phonological Processing Deficits in Adult Dyslexics: Atypical fMRI Activation Patterns for Spatial Problem Solving

It is unclear the extent to which neurodevelopmental differences observed in reading disabled individuals are limited to traditional language processing areas. Some have suggested atypical processing of complex spatial problems in these individuals. Hitherto, research on this question has been limited to behavioral studies, yielding mixed results. Absence of related imaging studies is in stark contrast to the plethora examining functional neurology for verbal tasks. This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how adult dyslexics perform when analyzing complex spatial material unrelated to the reading of text. We observed atypical functional neurology during spatial problem solving, which was not observed behaviorally.
Effect of Repeated Lipopolysaccharide Administration on Tissue Cytokine Expression and Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis Activity in Rats

The effects of chronic immune challenge on cytokine expression and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) axis responses to stress were studied in Wistar rats after administration of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Repeated LPS (R‐LPS) decreased body weight and increased adrenal weight and pituitary pro‐opiomelanocortin mRNA levels. LPS injection increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone but the effect was attenuated in R‐LPS. Plasma corticosterone but not ACTH responses to restraint were also reduced in R‐LPS. Basal and restraint‐stimulated corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels were lower in R‐LPS, but responses to a new LPS injection were similar to controls. In contrast, type 1 CRH receptor (CRH‐R1) mRNA responses to both LPS and restraint were blunted in R‐LPS. Vasopressin mRNA levels in parvocellular neurones were higher in R‐LPS, and increased further after restraint but not after a new LPS injection. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increased after a single LPS or R‐LPS (24 h after the last injection) but declined after a new injection in R‐LPS. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 mRNAs increased in the pituitary, spleen and circumventricular organs after single or R‐LPS, suggesting that cytokines may contribute to the activation of the HPA axis though pathways from the circumventricular organs as well as paracrine effects in the pituitary. The data show that (i) adaptation of the HPA axis during repeated LPS injection involves increases in vasopressin : CRH expression ratios in parvocellular neurones; (ii) that hypothalamic CRH and vasopressin responses to acute stimulation are independent of CRH‐R1 expression in the PVN; and (iii) there is a dissociation between pituitary and adrenal responses to acute stress suggesting a decrease of adrenal sensitivity to ACTH.
N-Terminal Insertion and C-Terminal Ankyrin-Like Repeats of α-Latrotoxin Are Critical for Ca2+-Dependent Exocytosis

α-Latrotoxin, a potent stimulator of exocytosis from neurons and neuroendocrine cells, has been studied intensively, but the mechanisms of its actions are poorly understood. Here, we developed a new method to generate active recombinant α-latrotoxin and conducted a structure/function analysis of the toxin in stimulating Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. α-Latrotoxin consists of a conserved N-terminal domain and C-terminal ankyrin-like repeats. After cleavage of an N-terminally fused purification tag of glutathione S-transferase (GST), the recombinant toxin strongly stimulated exocytosis, whereas the GST-fused toxin was much less potent. The GST-fused toxin bound to the receptors [neurexin 1α; CL1 (CIRL/latrophilin 1)] as efficiently as did the GST-cleaved toxin but was much less effective in inserting into the plasma membrane and inducing cation conductance. The toxin with deletion of the last two ankyrin-like repeats still bound the receptors but could neither stimulate exocytosis nor induce cation conductance efficiently. The abilities of the mutated toxins to stimulate exocytosis correlated well with their abilities to induce cation conductance, but not their binding to the receptors. Our results indicate that (1) C-terminal ankyrin-like repeats and a free (unfused) N terminus are both required for the toxin to form pores, which is essential for Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, and (2) receptor binding alone is not sufficient to stimulate Ca2+-dependent exocytosis.