Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Educating through sport? Examining HIV/AIDS education and sport-for-development through the perspectives of Zambian young people

The sport-for-development movement has grown exponentially in the last decade generating increasing academic attention. However, existing research has rarely sought the views of young people despite them being both the main target audience of initiatives and frequently the deliverers. This paper seeks to address young people's absence within research and advocate the importance of engaging them in sport-for-development debates to enhance understanding of current delivery and to improve policy and practice in the future. The paper examines Zambian young people's views of HIV/AIDS peer-led education delivered through sport considering particularly whether young people believe such interventions can encourage empowerment and subsequent behaviour change. The paper outlines the importance of improving understanding of how young people can begin to translate knowledge into agency. The paper concludes with the suggestion that change is more likely if peer-led education through sport programmes are combined with multi-layered interventions directed at all levels of communities.
Changing Family Life in the Rural Context: Women's Perspectives of Family Leisure on the Farm

This paper examines the social meanings of rural life and how these meanings shape farm women's perspectives and experiences of family leisure. Based on qualitative interviews with a purposively selected group of farm women in Canada, the findings call attention to the values related to the social and physical context of family leisure activities on the farm and the integration of work, family and leisure. The role of leisure as a medium to remain connected to their rural heritage while preparing children for a nonfarming way of life was also significant. Emphasis is placed on the contradictory nature of family leisure and how family leisure is a window into the broader social, political and economic changes affecting rural farm life.
On the Synonymity of More and Less: Comments on a Methodology.

KAVANAUGH, ROBERT D. On the Synonymity of More and Less: Comments on a Methodology. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 885-887. Preschool children were tested for their understanding of the words more and less in 2 conditions. One, a comprehension condition, was a replication of previous studies in which a single-error choice was given. The other, a construction condition, allowed 2 error choices for each term. Results from the comprehension condition were similar to those of previous studies, including the apparent tendency to interpret less as a synonym for more. However, results from the construction condition did not confirm the synonymity hypothesis. It is suggested that studies using a single-error choice bias the results toward detecting synonymity between more and less.
Beyond Feelings:

Emotion and emotion-related processes lie at the heart of counseling, yet there is scant evidence that counseling psychology has a substantial curricular, scientific, or psychotherapeutic commitment to the psychological science of emotion. Likewise, social psychology and other fields involved with emotion science often avoid researching counseling-relevant topics and disseminate their findings in outlets and formats not likely to be accessed by or useful to counseling psychologists. This article identifies a series of impediments that may be responsible for these and related problems and proposes potential solutions.
Evidence for Catalytic Roles for Plasmodium falciparum Aminopeptidase P in the Food Vacuole and Cytosol*

The metalloenzyme aminopeptidase P catalyzes the hydrolysis of amino acids from the amino termini of peptides with a prolyl residue in the second position. The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum expresses a homolog of aminopeptidase P during its asexual intraerythrocytic cycle. P. falciparum aminopeptidase P (PfAPP) shares with mammalian cytosolic aminopeptidase P a three-domain, homodimeric organization and is most active with Mn(II) as the cofactor. A distinguishing feature of PfAPP is a 120-amino acid amino-terminal extension that appears to be removed from the mature protein. PfAPP is present in the food vacuole and cytosol of the parasite, a distribution that suggests roles in vacuolar hemoglobin catabolism and cytosolic peptide turnover. To evaluate the plausibility of these putative functions, the stability and kinetic properties of recombinant PfAPP were evaluated at the acidic pH of the food vacuole and at the near-neutral pH of the cytosol. PfAPP exhibited high stability at 37 °C in the pH range 5.0–7.5. In contrast, recombinant human cytosolic APP1 was unstable and formed a high molecular weight aggregate at acidic pH. At both acidic and slightly basic pH values, PfAPP efficiently hydrolyzed the amino-terminal X-Pro bond of the nonapeptide bradykinin and of two globin pentapeptides that are potential in vivo substrates. These results provide support for roles for PfAPP in peptide catabolism in both the food vacuole and the cytosol and suggest that PfAPP has evolved a dual distribution in response to the metabolic needs of the intraerythrocytic parasite.
Extremal eigenvalues of local Hamiltonians

We apply classical algorithms for approximately solving constraint satisfaction problems to find bounds on extremal eigenvalues of local Hamiltonians. We consider spin Hamiltonians for which we have an upper bound on the number of terms in which each spin participates, and find extensive bounds for the operator norm and ground-state energy of such Hamiltonians under this constraint. In each case the bound is achieved by a product state which can be found efficiently using a classical algorithm.
The Effect of Training with Accentuated Eccentric Load Counter-Movement Jumps on Strength and Power Characteristics of High-Performance Volleyball Players

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the training effects of using accentuated eccentric load counter-movement jumps on lower-body power characteristics in high-performance volleyball players. Sixteen volleyball players training full time with the state high-performance team participated in this 5 week training study. Prior to and at the completion of the study, jump squat testing with a lightweight (350 g) bar was conducted to determine kinetic and kinematic values for the lower body. Players were divided into either the accentuated eccentric load counter-movement jump group (AEJ) or normal (body-mass) counter-movement jump group (BMJ). The increases in displacement, velocity, and power values observed in the AEJ group were superior to those of the BMJ (p = 0.001–0.05, d = 1.06–1.97). The results of this study indicate that training with additional load during the eccentric phase of a counter-movement jump yields superior jump squat performance in comparison to typical counter-movement jump training in volleyball players who are already performing a high volume of jumping.
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3C Stabilizes Gemin3 to Block p53-mediated Apoptosis

The Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C), one of the essential latent antigens for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced immortalization of primary human B lymphocytes in vitro, has been implicated in regulating cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis via interaction with several cellular and viral factors. Gemin3 (also named DDX20 or DP103) is a member of DEAD RNA helicase family which exhibits diverse cellular functions including DNA transcription, recombination and repair, and RNA metabolism. Gemin3 was initially identified as a binding partner to EBNA2 and EBNA3C. However, the mechanism by which EBNA3C regulates Gemin3 function remains unclear. Here, we report that EBNA3C directly interacts with Gemin3 through its C-terminal domains. This interaction results in increased stability of Gemin3 and its accumulation in both B lymphoma cells and EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Moreover, EBNA3C promotes formation of a complex with p53 and Gemin3 which blocks the DNA-binding affinity of p53. Small hairpin RNA based knockdown of Gemin3 in B lymphoma or LCL cells remarkably attenuates the ability of EBNA3C to inhibit the transcription activity of p53 on its downstream genes p21 and Bax, as well as apoptosis. These findings provide the first evidence that Gemin3 may be a common target of oncogenic viruses for driving cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic activities.
Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent Progress in a Global Context

The present study employs recent World Bank data to shed light, in a global context, on the transformation of changes in income and inequality into poverty reduction for a large number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study begins by discussing SSA's progress on poverty. Next, it presents data on how various African countries have fared in terms of the incidence of poverty relative to other countries, with special emphasis on the period since the mid-1990s, when SSA generally experienced a growth resurgence. The paper then decomposes performance on poverty into changes in income and inequality for a sample of SSA countries that have the requisite data. The paper finds that recent progress on poverty has been considerable, in contrast to the earlier, 1980–early 1990s, period. Compared with the progress in a global sample of countries, however, progress has been mixed: nonetheless, although African countries lag behind the Brazil, India, China and Russia group of countries as a whole, many of them have outperformed India. Furthermore, while income growth is found to be the main engine for poverty reduction in SSA in general, the role of inequality is crucial in certain countries. Viewed in a global context, moreover, the low levels of income have inhibited the effectiveness of income and inequality improvements in reducing poverty in many African countries.
Research Review: Teenage pregnancy and motherhood: the contribution of support

This paper aims to provide a critical analysis of the role of support in teenage motherhood. Family, partner and peer support are considered and literature emanating from both the USA and UK is reviewed. In summary the research literature indicates that family support is particularly important to teenage mothers and has been found to have a positive influence on parenting behaviours and practices. However, the mother–daughter relationship is not always a straightforward one and conflict between the two can diminish some of the positive impact. The research on partner support highlights how support from fathers and/or other male partners has been linked with improved financial and psychological outcomes for teenage mothers as well as having a positive influence on parenting behaviours. There is also evidence to suggest that support from partners may become increasingly important to teenage mothers over time and can be a valuable source of socializing participation and positive feedback. While the research available on peer support is much more limited it suggests that the emotional support of peers is perceived as being important by teenage mothers. Current research findings suggest that families, partners and peers tend to provide different, but complementary, forms of support for teenage mothers which, on the whole, appear to contribute to more positive outcomes for this group.
Functional Fidelity, Context-Matching, and Individual Differences in Performance

Conventional personality questionnaires are often only weak predictors of operational performance. A major problem is that personality effects are moderated by contextual factors which may be mismatched across laboratory and real-world studies. Context mismatch threatens the ‘functional fidelity’ of laboratory performance tasks; the extent to which the individual behaves as they would in the operational environment. Three research strategies for enhancing the functional fidelity of laboratory studies of individual differences are proposed. First, contexts relevant to specific personality traits may be developed in the laboratory. For example, socially threatening environments may be necessary to find meaningful effects of neuroticism. Second, traits linked to a specific performance context may be employed. The validity of traits for driver stress vulnerability supports this approach. Third, psychophysiological responses to simulations of the cognitive demands of the work environment may be used. Our recent work shows that stress and hemodynamic responses to short high-workload tasks predict longer-duration sustained performance.
The stationary set splitting game

The stationary set splitting game is a game of perfect information of length ω1 between two players, unsplit and split, in which unsplit chooses stationarily many countable ordinals and split tries to continuously divide them into two stationary pieces. We show that it is possible in ZFC to force a winning strategy for either player, or for neither. This gives a new counterexample to Σ22 maximality with a predicate for the nonstationary ideal on ω1, and an example of a consistently undetermined game of length ω1 with payoff de.nable in the second‐order monadic logic of order. We also show that the determinacy of the game is consistent with Martin's Axiom but not Martin's Maximum. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK GROUP CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE: ONCE MORE INTO THE BREECH

This paper describes an investigation of the relationship between a measure of work group characteristics and both subjective and objective measures of group performance. To assess the relationship between the work group characteristics and performance, objective performance data and manager ratings were collected for customer service work groups who completed the measure. Correlational analyses provided evidence of a relationship between specific work group characteristics and various performance measures. In addition, a factor analysis of the measure provided a more parsimonious set of dimensions that were also related to the criterion measures. The results are discussed in terms of the factors related to work group effectiveness and their relevance to work groups in various types of organizations.
A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching.

OBJECTIVE To compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations (20% and 35%) used for in-office bleaching associated or not with a light-emitting diode (LED)/laser light activation. METHOD Seventy-seven patients with a right maxillary canine darker than A3 were selected for this single-blind randomized trial. The participants were distributed in four groups: bleaching with 35% HP, 35% HP + LED/laser, 20% HP, and 20% HP + LED/laser. The anterior teeth were bleached in two sessions, using a 35% or 20% HP gel with a one-week interval. Each session had three applications of 15 minutes. For the light-activated groups, the LED/laser energy (Whitening Laser Light Plus, DMC) was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color change was evaluated by subjective and objective methods. Participants recorded TS with five-point verbal and visual analog scales. Color change in ΔE was evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and in ΔSGU with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. The absolute risk of TS and TS intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact test and Kruskall-Wallis test, respectively (α=0.05). RESULTS All groups achieved the same level of whitening, except for the 20% HP group, which showed the lowest degree of whitening in the subjective analysis. The use of light did not increase the absolute risk or intensity of TS. No significant difference among groups was observed when color changes were assessed with the spectrophotometer. CONCLUSION According to the value-oriented shade guide, the use of LED/laser light activation was able to increase the degree of whitening of the 20% HP group, but this association was not useful for the 35% HP gel. The spectrophotometer, however, did not detect significant differences among groups.
The effectiveness of intelligent scheduling for multicast video-on-demand

As more and more video content is made available and accessed on-demand, content and service providers face challenges of scale. Today's delivery mechanisms, especially unicast, require resources to scale linearly with the number of receivers and library sizes. Unlike these mechanisms, with multicast, the load on a server is relatively independent of the number of receivers. Adopting multicast for on-demand access, however, is challenging because of the need to temporally aggregate requests. In this paper, we investigate the importance of an intelligent scheduler and a good data model for achieving good aggregation of requests into multicast groups. We examine the use of an Earliest Deadline First (EDF)-like scheduler that aims to schedule the transmission of "chunks" of video according to their "deadlines" using multicast. We show through analysis that this approach is optimal in terms of the data transmitted by the server. Using trace data from an operational service, we show that our approach reduces server bandwidth by as much as 65% compared to traditional techniques such as unicast and cyclic multicast. Finally, our approach achieves good aggregation even when 50% of the users use a typical VoD stream-control function like skip, to view different parts of the video.
Recognizing the importance of instruction style to students' performance: some observations from laboratory research – a research note

An experiment was undertaken to investigate the relationship between instruction style and student performance. Instruction style was modelled as a multidimensional approachability construct comprising degrees of immediacy and structure. The capacity for an instructor to manipulate perceived approachability is unequivocally demonstrated. The results also revealed an association between student learning outcomes and instruction style. Performance was positively associated with the presence of an instructor vis–à–vis no instructor, and also the degree of instructor approachability. Results also confirmed performance to be positively associated with students' ability, negatively associated with students' anxiety, but not associated with gender or several other control factors. The importance of task motivation as an important link between instruction style and students' performance was explored and some tentative propositions offered. Students' motivation varied with instruction style, with higher motivation observed with higher instructor approachability.
Radiology Reports: What YOU Think You're Saying and What THEY Think You're Saying.

BACKGROUND Image interpretation and translation into written language is an imperfect process. Yet, the radiology report represents the link between radiologist's opinion and patient's images. Increased access to images through remote viewing stations has made direct communication between radiologists and clinicians less commonplace. We are interested in how accurately the descriptive contents within radiology reports convey the feelings of the radiologist to the referring clinician. We hypothesize that certain words and phrases hold different connotations for radiologists and clinicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two part survey was designed. Medical specialty, level of training, and number of radiology reports read/week was contained in part I. Part II concerned the quantification of radiologists' diagnostic confidence in range percentages based on specific words and phrases. These voluntary surveys were emailed to all faculty at a single university medical center. Additional paper surveys were randomly distributed to medical students, residents, and physicians. A total of 100 completed surveys were collected (33 radiologists and 67 non-radiologists). Data was exported to EXCEL for statistical analysis. Direct comparisons were made between the survey answers from radiologists and nonradiologists. DISCUSSION Percentile ranges for most radiologists and non-radiologists were in agreement in 25/36 questions. However, the absolute percentage value was somewhat variable. 11/36 questions generated discrepancy between radiologists and non-radiologists. The following words and phrases were in disagreement: "diagnostic of", "consistent with", "compatible with", "evidence of", "may represent", "normal", "degraded by artifact", "obscured detail", "mildly limited", "moderately limited", and "nondiagnostic". CONCLUSION Sound physician communication is a critical component of quality healthcare delivery. Certain words and phrases carry different meanings for radiologists and clinicians. With structured reporting becoming more prevalent, the radiology lexicon should be defined in a more concrete manner. Ambiguous terms should be eliminated all together.
Community mental health and social exclusion: Working appreciatively towards inclusion

A central feature of community mental health practice is the social inclusion of its service users. This involves opening up life opportunities in the mainstream community, requiring collaboration with community partners. A group of mental health service managers, practitioners, service users and representatives from the Further Education community worked together for 18 months to promote social inclusion for local service users and used appreciative inquiry and co-operative inquiry methods to explore and enhance this work. This article discusses the methodological nuances of this fusion of approaches. It underlines the benefits of an appreciative approach for addressing historically rooted patterns of practice within statutory mental health services, and highlights how harnessing an extended epistemology can bring together impetus from ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ to create actionable plans. The article describes what was learned about optimal inter-agency working and about trying to be a change agent in a large organization. It concludes with reflections on the suitability of participatory action research methods for developing community-orientated mental health services.
A Theoretical Model for Internet Banking: Beyond Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use

As with other types of electronic banking like ATM’s, telephone banking, and electronic funds transfer, Internet banking like has evolved from consumers’ needs to have greater access to banking services beyond most banks teller-staffed, normal operating hours. Additionally, Internet banking has grown rapidly from the recent and dramatic increases in e-commerce. Internet banking (IB) continues to dominate the landscape of electronic banking as consumers continue to use IB to complete routine banking transactions in addition to conducting on-line sales and purchasing. This study presents a theoretical model designed to help researchers and practitioners better understand the acceptance and adoption of Internet Banking. The proposed model may be particularly useful in developing nations where consumers are reluctant to use Internet Banking even when the services are available. However, a review of several studies that have investigated consumers’ acceptance of Internet banking services from a variety of perspectives have not reached a clear consensus of the factors that contribute to overall consumer acceptance and adoption. Following the seminal information systems research of Davis, Bagozzi and Warshaw’s (1989) Technology Acceptance Model, the purpose in this paper is to introduce a theoretical model for understanding the acceptance and adoption of Internet banking services. Following an extensive review of the literature, the proposed Internet Banking Model is specified and introduced. The paper concludes with discussions of the managerial implications and avenues for future research . Keywords: Internet banking, technology acceptance model (TAM), consumer behavior