Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The time course of brain activity in reading English and Chinese: An ERP study of Chinese bilinguals

Chinese bilinguals performed a delayed naming task, reading both Chinese characters and English words, while EEGs were recorded by a 128‐channel system. Principle component analysis (PCA) of Event Related Potentials (ERP) from the onset of the stimulus suggested a temporal unfolding of graphic, phonological, and semantic processing that depended on both language and word frequency. At 150 msec, Chinese produced an earlier and higher amplitude shift (N150) than English. At 250 msec, frequency effects were significant for both Chinese and English, but at 450 msec, only the English frequency effect was reliable. Source localization analysis by Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) showed bilateral occipital (left BA 17, right BA 18) visual processing of Chinese characters with left occipital only (left BA 17) for English high‐frequency words. Low‐frequency English words showed activation bilaterally, but with a more diffused and extended temporal pattern. Right prefrontal area (BA 10) was found to be strongly activated in the mid latency (300–400 msec) period of Chinese character naming, whereas English word naming showed more medial frontal (BA 8, and 10) activation. A post 450‐msec visual verification was found to be general for both writing systems. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:167–175, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semantic Verbal Fluency in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relationship with Chronological Age and IQ

We administered a semantic verbal fluency (SVF) task to two groups of children (age range from 5 to 8): 47 diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD Group) and 53 with typical development (Comparison Group), matched on gender, chronological age, and non-verbal IQ. Four specific indexes were calculated from the SVF task, reflecting the different underlying cognitive strategies used: clustering (component of generativity and lexical-semantic access), and switching (executive component, cognitive flexibility). First, we compared the performance of the two groups on the different SVF task indicators, with the ASD group scoring lower than the Comparison Group, although the difference was greater on switching than on clustering. Second, we analyzed the relationships between the different SVF measures and chronological age, verbal IQ and non-verbal IQ. While in the Comparison Group chronological age was the main predictor of performance on the SVF task, in the ASD Group verbal IQ was the best predictor. In the children with ASD, therefore, greater linguistic competence would be associated with better performance on the SVF task, which should be taken into account in speech therapies designed to achieve improvements in linguistic generativity and cognitive flexibility.
Birefringence Engineering and High Nonlinearity in Eccentric-Core As$_{2}$ Se$_{3}$ -PMMA Microtapers

A hybrid fiber with an eccentric As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> core and a PMMA cladding is tapered to a submicron diameter to achieve ultra high birefringence and a high nonlinearity. The high birefringence is induced by having the As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> core eccentric with respect to the circular PMMA cladding symmetry and the high nonlinearity is induced from a tightly confining As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> core. Microwires with high group birefringence up to <i>b</i><sub>g</sub>=0.018 and a high waveguide nonlinearity γ = 180 W<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-1</sup> are demonstrated.
A proposal of Led Lamp Driver for universal input using Cuk converter

In recent years, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become a viable alternative to conventional light sources. The LEDs are now approaching performance levels that make them attractive for use in several illumination applications. One of the main advantages of LEDs is their very long life that it is also related directly with the maintenance of the LED current, preventing the device overheating. To contribute with the advantages of the LEDs, the same ones need efficient drivers with optimized control circuitry. The main focus of this paper is to improve the LED driver characteristics using microcontrolled Cuk converter, therefore, greater durability and efficiency can be achieved and working for different nominal values of voltage, from an universal input voltage or battery. Mathematical analysis and experimental results are presented to the drive of an LED lamp of 11 W built with 10 power LEDs Creereg XLampreg XR-C.
Improved Broadband Near-Unity Light Transparency of a Metal Layer With Film-Coupled Dual Plasmonic Arrays

We report improved light transparency over a broad bandwidth in a metal-layered structure with two film-coupled subwavelength non-close-packed plasmonic arrays. Through the introduction of dual ultrathin dielectric spacing layers between the metal layer and the double plasmonic disk arrays, coupling of the input and output effects of light is efficiently enhanced through strong near-field localized plasmon resonances between adjacent plasmonic disks and the near-field plasmon cavity mode in the gap between the double plasmonic arrays and the metal layer. A broad bandwidth of 300 nm with near-unity light transmittance (above 90%) in the optical regime is achieved through the localized plasmon resonances and the symmetrical structure used here. The transparency of this structure is polarization independent and incident angle insensitive, and can be tuned by varying the structure parameters and the dielectric environment. In addition, the period of the plasmonic arrays and the thickness of the nanometer-separated plasmonic structure are less than λ /20 and λ/8, respectively. These values suggest that the proposed structure may have potential applications in deep subwavelength optoelectronic devices, including broadband optically transparent electrodes, highly integrated light input and output components, and plasmonic filters.
PARENT- AND PEER-RELATED VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH RELATIONAL AGGRESSION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

To date, the research testing the predictors of relational aggression has largely mirrored that of the more robust physical aggression literature. Similar to the physical aggression literature, research on relational aggression has focused on age and gender differences and, more recently, the possible associations between relational aggression and other variables. However, there is a lack of research investigating the parent and peer behaviors that could potentially model relationally aggressive behavior in children. The current study drew upon social-cognitive models of aggression to test such associations. Specifically, I measured parents’ use of psychological control with their children, parents’ use of manipulative behavior with their children and other adults, and peer groups’ use of relational aggression to determine whether these variables predicted children’s use of relational aggression. It was expected that the aforementioned variables would be positively associated with children’s use of relational aggression. One hundred and sixty-five fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children (52% male) enrolled in public elementary schools in the Midwest participated in the study. Additionally, 137 female and 70 male caregivers also participated. The children completed questionnaires to measure a) their use of relational aggression, b) their peers’ use of relational and physical aggression, c) the cohesiveness and distinctiveness of their main group of friends, and d) their parents’ use of psychological control. The caregivers also completed questionnaires that assessed a) their behaviors toward other adults when angry, b) how they respond to their children’s misbehavior, and c) social desirability. Consistent with Social Learning Theory and the Social-Cognitive Theory of Aggression, children’s use of relational aggression was positively related to their mothers’ use of psychological control and to their peer groups’ use of relational aggression especially when that peer group was seen as relatively cohesive and distinct. In addition, children’s use of relational aggression was more strongly associated with their parents’ use of psychological control than was their peer groups’ use of relational aggression. The current study was the first to examine and compare the associations between parentand peer-related variables and children’s use of relational aggression. PARENTAND PEER-RELATED VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH RELATIONAL AGGRESSION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Doing Supervision and being Supervised

There is always a lively interest in the supervisory process and its explication. Courses in supervision abound and the critical role of supervision in becoming a psychotherapist is widely acknowledged. It is for this reason that this book aims to present the essentials of supervision, establish validated principles of teaching and learning, define a series of optimal supervisory precepts, consider some of the basic issues in this sometimes difficult arena, explore the supervisee's concerns as the student, and address the future of supervisory work.Supervision should be principled and properly framed, sufficiently consistent and well defined to assure the supervisee the best possible supervisory experience and the supervisor a situation with as little possibility of crisis and untoward reactions, and as much reward as possible. This book is dedicated to both teachers and students: to their growth, maturation and ultimately to better psychotherapy for their patients.
Use of Dual Polarization Radar Measurements to Understand the Azimuth Behavior of the Sea Surface Backscattered Signal

We present an analysis of the azimuth anisotropy of the ocean radar backscatter from C-Band observations in VV and HH polarizations from the airborne radar STORM during the VALPARESO experiment. Comparisons with existing semi- empirical models show that none of them are in agreement with the anisotropy of the radar signal, and the trend with wind speed is too weak compared to the observations. This is attributed to a shortcoming in the description of the short surface waves anisotropy. By considering an additional mechanism for nonlinear wave interactions, we show that the short wave anisotropy is modified and can explain the anisotropy of the radar signal.
Unraveling the complexities of social life : a festschrift in honor of Robert B. Zajonc

This volume celebrates Robert B. Zajonc's many contributions to experimental social science. Chapter authors explore the interface between feeling and thinking, the degree to which social psychological phenomena (e.g., attitude formation and social facilitation) are mediated by deliberate and strategic conscious thought, and the development and nature of personal agency under difficult conditions.
Effect of genotype on heat production and net energy value of a corn-soybean meal-based diet fed to growing pigs.

The net energy (NE) system takes into account the metabolic utilisation of energy and has been proposed as a superior system for characterising the energy value of feeds. In growing pigs, the inefficiency of ME utilisation for NE (or the heat increment, HI) is dependent on many factors, among them the genotype, which implies that published NE prediction equations may not apply across all genotypes. We conducted a study to investigate the effect of two genotypes (Yorkshire-Hampshire♀ × Duroc♂; YH × D) and Large white♀ × Landrace♂; LW × LR) on heat production (HP) and NE value of a corn soybean meal-based diet fed to growing pigs. The diet met or exceeded the nutrient specifications of 20–50 kg b.w. pigs according to NRC (1998). A total of sixteen barrows were used, eight of each genotype (initial b.w. of 20.1 ± 1.1 and 19.0 ± 0.9 kg for YH ×D and LW × LR, respectively). Pigs were initially fed at 550 kcal/kg b.w. –0.60/day (high ME intake) for determination of DE and ME in metabolism crates. Thereafter, HP was measured using an indirect calorimeter at either high ME or 330 kcal/kg b.w. –0.60/day (low ME intake) to estimate fasting HP (FHP) by regression. Pigs were allowed a 3-d adaptation period at low ME intake before measurement of HP. Irrespective of the genotype, a reduction of ME intake resulted in a decrease (P < 0.0001) of HP (352 for high ME vs. 292 kcal/kg b.w.–0.60/day for low ME). Pigs of LW × LR tended (P = 0.07) to have higher HP than those of YH× D and their estimated FHP was 175 and 103 kcal/kg b.w. –0.60/day, respectively. The determined diet NE value was lower for the YHxD genotype (2,307 vs. 2633 kcal/kg DMI, P = 0.01) than for the LW × LR genotype. Pigs of LW × LR genotype showed lower (179 vs. 226 kcal/kg b.w.–0.60/day, P = 0.003) HI than YH × D genotype and were determined to retain less energy as protein (100 vs. 123 kcal/kg b.w.–0.60/day, P =0.04) and more energy as fat (73 vs. 42 kcal/kg b.w.–0.60/day, P = 0.04). The diet NE value was 96% (LW × LR) and 81% (YH × D) of the predicted NE from published equations. In conclusion, a corn-soybean meal fed at equal amounts resulted in different HP and NE value depending on genotype.
African American Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease: Support Groups and Psychological Well-Being

There has been little systematic study of the impact of support groups on the psychological well-being (PWB) of adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD). Questionnaires, administered by group leaders of 12 SCD support groups, were completed and returned from 79 (80%) of the 99 African American adolescent SCD support group members recruited into this study. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PWB was best predicted by fewer physical symptoms and greater satisfaction with the group. To test a buffering hypothesis of social support, two 2 2 analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were computed to test the interaction of group satisfaction and (a) physical symptoms and (b) pain on PWB. Group satisfaction showed a main effect for each ANOVA. An interaction effect between pain and group satisfaction was detected, supporting a buffering hypothesis. This suggests that adolescents with SCD associate pain, but not physical symptoms, as high stressors. Professionals can enhance their effectiveness as providers of social and mental health services by understanding the role support groups play in the overall well-being of adolescents with SCD.
Estradiol Facilitates the Release of Neuropeptide Y to Suppress Hippocampus-Dependent Seizures

About one-third of women with epilepsy have a catamenial seizure pattern, in which seizures fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. Catamenial seizures occur more frequently when the ratio of circulating estradiol to progesterone is high, suggesting that estradiol is proconvulsant. We used adult female rats to test how estradiol-induced suppression of GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus affects behavioral seizures induced by kainic acid. As expected, estradiol decreased the latency to initiate seizures, indicating increased seizure susceptibility. At the same time, however, estradiol also shortened the duration of late-stage seizures, indicating decreased seizure severity. Additional analyses showed that the decrease in seizure severity was attributable to greater release of the anticonvulsant neuropeptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY). First, blocking hippocampal NPY during seizures eliminated the estradiol-induced decrease in seizure duration. Second, light and electron microscopic studies indicated that estradiol increases the potentially releasable pool of NPY in inhibitory presynaptic boutons and facilitates the release of NPY from inhibitory boutons during seizures. Finally, the presence of estrogen receptor-α on large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) in the hippocampus suggests that estradiol could facilitate neuropeptide release by acting directly on LDCVs themselves. Understanding how estradiol regulates NPY-containing LDCVs could point to molecular targets for novel anticonvulsant therapies.
Triterpenoids from Aerial Parts of Glochidion eriocarpum

From the aerial parts of Glochidion eriocarpum, a new triterpene, glochieriol (1), three new triterpenoid saponins, glochieriosides C - E (2 - 4), together with four known triterpenes (glochidonol, glochidiol, lupeol, and 3-epi-lupeol) were isolated by using combined chromatographic separations. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including FTICR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR.
Red and Processed Meat Intake Is Associated with Higher Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Observational Studies

Background Red and processed meat was concluded as a limited-suggestive risk factor of gastric cancer by the World Cancer Research Fund. However, recent epidemiological studies have yielded inconclusive results. Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2013 for both cohort and case-control studies which assessed the association between red and/or processed meat intake and gastric cancer risk. Study-specific relative risk estimates were polled by random-effect or fixed-effect models. Results Twelve cohort and thirty case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between both red (RR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22–1.73) and processed (RR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26–1.65) meat intake and gastric cancer risk generally. Positive findings were also existed in the items of beef (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.57), bacon (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17–1.61), ham (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.00–2.06), and sausage (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16–1.52). When conducted by study design, the association was significant in case-control studies (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.33–1.99) but not in cohort studies (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.90–1.17) for red meat. Increased relative risks were seen in high-quality, adenocarcinoma, cardia and European-population studies for red meat. And most subgroup analysis confirmed the significant association between processed meat intake and gastric cancer risk. Conclusions Our findings indicate that consumption of red and/or processed meat contributes to increased gastric cancer risk. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the association, especially for red meat.
Deficient social problem-solving in boys with ODD/CD, with ADHD, and with both disorders.

OBJECTIVE To study social problem-solving skills in psychiatrically defined aggressive boys, starting from Dodge's social information-processing model. METHOD Videotaped stimuli of problematic social situations and questions were presented to elicit responses that indicate boys' social problem-solving skills (encoding and interpretation of social cues, generation of possible responses, evaluation of responses, self-efficacy evaluation, and response selection). Boys aged 7 to 12 years with oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD) (n = 48), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 27), and both disorders (ODD/CD + ADHD) (n = 29) were involved as well as a normal control group (n = 37) and a psychiatric control group with internalizing disorders (n = 23). RESULTS When compared with normal controls, boys with ADHD, with ODD/CD, and with ODD/CD + ADHD encoded fewer social cues and generated fewer responses. Boys with ODD/CD and with ODD/CD + ADHD moreover were more confident in their ability to enact an aggressive response than normal controls. When ODD/CD boys and ODD/CD + ADHD boys were given the opportunity to select a response from various types of responses shown, they selected an aggressive response more often than normal controls. Thus, in ADHD boys social problem-solving was affected only in encoding and in the generation of responses, whereas in ODD/CD and ODD/CD + ADHD boys social problem-solving was affected throughout the process. CONCLUSION For the further study of social problem-solving in aggressive children, it is essential to differentiate between children with ADHD and children with ODD/CD and ODD/CD + ADHD.
Alterations in the Mechanical Properties and Composition of Skin in Human Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice

Growth hormone is known to stimulate connective tissue, but the degree to which it influences skin biomechanical properties is unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that human growth hormone transgene expression changes the material properties and structural composition of adult mouse skin. Fracture toughness and elastic modulus were measured on freshly dissected dorsal skin and fixed samples were analyzed histologically. Transgenics had higher elastic moduli than their sex-matched non transgenic littermates, and male transgenics demonstrated increased fracture toughness. Male transgenics also had thicker skin than controls with a selectively increased dermis. In contrast, female transgenics had thinner skin than controls due to a reduced hypodermis. Biomechanical and histological variables were strongly correlated. Significant sex differences were present in nearly all comparisons indicating a dimorphic response to growth hormone in the skin. These data demonstrate that constant low-level growth hormone expression in marrow differentially affects skin layer thickness and concomitantly alters its biomechanical properties.
Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies

Preface Introduction: Beyond Four Theories of the Press Part One: Normative Theory Chapter 1. Evolution of Normative Traditions Chapter 2. Characteristics of Normative Theory Part Two: Democracy Chapter 3. Principles and Practice of Democracy Chapter 4. Roles of News Media in Democracy Part Three: Roles Chapter 5. Monitorial Role Chapter 6. Facilitative Role Chapter 7. Radical Role Chapter 8. Collaborative Role Prospects Conclusion References
Investigating the Self-Assessment of Adult Literacy Learners with Dyslexia across Several Cognitive Domains

OF THE DISSERTATION Investigating the Self-Assessment of Adult Literacy Learners with Dyslexia Across Several Cognitive Domains by Kelli Sandman-Hurley Ed.D. in Teaching and Learning: Literacy San Diego State University and the University of San Diego, 2010 The dissertation evaluated the ability of adult literacy learners with dyslexia to assess their cognitive abilities in two separate domains: reading and memory. This study also evaluated the effect that one-on-one tutoring had on the learner's ability to accurately selfassess these cognitive abilities. Twenty adult literacy learners (n = 20) with dyslexia were tested in both domains. This study also included a control group of 10 good readers (n= 10) who were administered the same three standardized tests. This data was collected by administering three standardized assessments. This was a quantitative study that used analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to determine if there were any differences between the two groups. The results indicated that when both groups performed poorly they both overestimated their performance until they were exposed to the same task repeatedly. It was at this time they not only became more accurate but began to underestimate which might imply they either lost confidence in their ability after multiple exposures or they became more aware of their actual performance over time. Furthermore, the number of hours a learner spent with a tutor and receiving instruction in reading did not correlate with their self-assessment abilities.