Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and molecular failure display a poor prognosis and are candidates for stem cell transplantation and targeted therapies.

Quantification of minimal residual disease (MRD) by real-time PCR directed to TCR and Ig gene rearrangements allows a refined evaluation of response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL prospectively evaluated molecular response after induction/consolidation chemotherapy according to standardized methods and terminology in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative ALL. The cytologic complete response (CR) rate was 89% after induction phases 1 and 2. At this time point the molecular CR rate was 70% in 580 patients with cytologic CR and evaluable MRD. Patients with molecular CR after consolidation had a significantly higher probability of continuous complete remission (CCR; 74% vs 35%; P < .0001) and of overall survival (80% vs 42%; P = .0001) compared with patients with molecular failure. Patients with molecular failure without stem cell transplantation (SCT) in first CR relapsed after a median time of 7.6 months; CCR and survival at 5 years only reached 12% and 33%, respectively. Quantitative MRD assessment identified patients with molecular failure as a new high-risk group. These patients display resistance to conventional drugs and are candidates for treatment with targeted, experimental drugs and allogeneic SCT. Molecular response was shown to be highly predictive for outcome and therefore constitutes a relevant study end point. The studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00199056 and NCT00198991.
Inducing abstract linguistic representations: human and connectionist learning of noun classes

Noun class information is a crucial component of the interface between the lexicon and the grammar. In order to explain linguistic productivity it is necessary to assume that linguistic rules are defined not over specific words, but classes of word. This is not only true given the classical distinction between lexicon and grammar, but also in 'emergentist' views which see no clear separation between these two systems (Ellis, 1998; Tomasello, 2000). Even though the latter stress the lexical-specificity of many 'grammatical rules', it is still recognised that adult productivity can only be explained if words are grouped into classes, even if those classes do not map neatly onto traditional linguistic categories. The way in which words are grouped into grammatical classes is therefore an important issue in understanding language development, particularly in explaining the leap from lexical learning to grammar learning. Noun classes, such as grammatical gender, are fundamentally abstract, grammatical, notions (Corbett, 1991). However, attempts have been made to uncover subtle phonological and semantic cues that can be used to predict a word's gender (Kelly, 1992). For example, masculine nouns in German are more likely to be monosyllabic, and monosyllabic words that are masculine contain more consonants than those of other classes. In French, feminine nouns tend to end in closed stressed syllables (e.g. personne, tomate, viande), and masculine nouns tend to end in open stressed syllables (e.g. avion, bruit, chapeau, bain). There are also a number of characteristic derivational morphemes associated with each gender (e.g.-eur and-ment are masculine, and-tion,-euse,-iere are feminine). (Sokolik & Smith, 1992) trained a connectionist network to classify French nouns as either masculine or feminine. The network was presented with the orthographic, rather than phonological, forms of the words. They found that it could then indicate the gender for nouns that it had not received during training, although its performance was 2 not perfect (ranging between 73% and 75%). This indicates that there are regularities in the form (in this case spelling) of French words which can to a certain extent predict gender category. Yet there are always words which fall stubbornly outside such generalisations. In the case of French, Carroll (2001) argues that in any case, the kinds of phonological cues that have been appealed to are more subtle than could reasonably be expected to be represented in the lexicon. This is not to say that phonological and semantic cues do not play a …
Griffiths singularities in the disordered phase of a quantum Ising spin glass.

We study a model for a quantum Ising spin glass in two space dimensions by Monte Carlo simulations. In the disordered phase at T50, rare strongly correlated regions give rise to strong Griffiths singularities, as originally found by McCoy for a one-dimensional model. We find that there are power law distributions of the local susceptibility and local nonlinear susceptibility, which are characterized by a smoothly varying dynamical exponent z. Over a range of the disordered phase near the quantum transition, the local nonlinear susceptibility diverges. The local susceptibility does not diverge in the disordered phase but does diverge at the critical point. Approaching the critical point from the disordered phase, the limiting value of z seems to equal its value precisely at criticality, even though the physics of these two cases seems rather different. @S0163-1829~96! 04430-X#
Effect of dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) variation on dorsal anterior cingulate function in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Although attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated both with brain alterations in attention and executive function (EF) circuitry and with genetic variations within the dopamine system (including the dopamine transporter gene [SLC6A3]), few studies have directly investigated how genetic variations are linked to brain alterations. We sought to examine how a polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of SLC6A3, associated with ADHD in meta‐analysis, might contribute to variation in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) function in subjects with ADHD. We collected fMRI scans of 42 individuals with ADHD, all of European descent and over the age of 17, while they performed the multi‐source interference task (MSIT), a cognitive task shown to activate dACC. SLC6A3 3′ UTR variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms were genotyped and brain activity was compared for groups based on allele status. ADHD individuals homozygous for the 10R allele showed significant hypoactivation in the left dACC compared to 9R‐carriers. Exploratory analysis also showed trends toward hypoactivation in the 10R homozygotes in left cerebellar vermis and right lateral prefrontal cortex. Further breakdown of genotype groups showed similar activation in individuals heterozygous and homozygous for the 9R allele. Alterations in activation of attention and EF networks found previously to be involved in ADHD are likely influenced by SLC6A3 genotype. This genotype may contribute to heterogeneity of brain alterations found within ADHD samples. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistently Optimal Policies in Stochastic Dynamic Programming with Generalized Discounting

In this paper we study a Markov decision process with a nonlinear discount function. First, we define a utility on the space of trajectories of the process in the finite and infinite time horizon and then take their expected values. It turns out that the associated optimization problem leads to a nonstationary dynamic programming and an infinite system of Bellman equations, which result in obtaining persistently optimal policies. Our theory is enriched by examples.
Polyploidy Analysis and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Hepatic Tissue of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with an Aqueous Extract of Vochysia rufa

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and alterations in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Due to its hypoglycemic effect Vochysia rufa is frequently used in Uberlandia, Brazil, to treat DM. Despite its popularity, there is little information about its effect on hepatic tissue. Therefore, we evaluated the histoarchitecture, oxidative stress parameters, and polyploidy of liver tissue from streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa (AEV). Histology was determined by fixing the livers, processing, and staining with HE. Oxidative stress was determined by evaluating CAT, GPx, and SOD activity in liver homogenates and hepatic mitochondria fraction and by measuring GST, GSH levels and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Polyploidy was determined by subjecting isolated hepatocyte nuclei to flow cytometry. In the diabetic group, GST activity and GSH rates decreased whereas liver homogenate analysis showed that GPx, SOD activity and MDA increased. AEV treatment restored all parameters to normal levels. The oxidative stress analysis of hepatic mitochondria fraction showed similar results. Lower polyploid cell populations were found in the diabetic rat livers, even after glibenclamide treatment. Thus, AEV treatment efficiently reduced hepatic oxidative stress caused by STZ-induced diabetes and produced no morphological changes in the histological analysis.
Corporate Governance Context on Women’s Representation in Top Management Positions and Listed Companies Value

Decision making process within contemporary organisations involves different views expressed by individuals recognized through a multifarious education, wide-ranging and in-depth experience, alongside extensive perspectives. Through nominating women in top management positions is emphasized the solution towards difficult problems faced by corporations due to their specific skills. Thereby, gender diversity leads to a better decision making system. The aim of this research consists in the examination of the influence and causal relationship between the percentage of women on boards of directors and the value of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange over 2007-2011. Therewith, we took into account CEO gender diversity by employing CEO gender, as well CEO geographic diversity by considering CEO state of residence. The value of companies was proxied through industry-adjusted Tobin’s Q ratio. By estimating multivariate regression models for panel data, unbalanced, we found a percentage of women representation on boards of at least 22.50 percent in order to positively influence firm value. Besides, the nonlinear relationship previously mentioned was not statistically significant when we estimated a fixed-effects model. Furthermore, our results provide support for a positive influence of CEO gender and CEO state of residence on firm value when we estimated fixed-effects models, although the relationship was not statistically significant when we estimated models without cross-sectional effects. The empirical research of causality showed the lack of Granger causality regarding several explored lags.
How to Translate Basic Knowledge into Clinical Application of Biologic Therapy in Spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of many diseases, and these diseases share some clinical, genetic, and radiologic features. The disease process in the spine at the beginning is spinal inflammation, in which TNFα is the principal cytokine involved. Therefore, the dramatic clinical and pathologic response of anti-TNFα therapy in SpA is based upon the presence of increased TNFα in synovial tissues and sacroiliac joints, which perpetuates chronic inflammation. The increased Toll-like receptors (TCR) 2 and 4 in the serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or synovial tissues of ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) or SpA patients suggest that SpA is highly associated with innate immunity. Any drug including anti-TNFα blocker which can downregulate the TCR, infiltrated neutrophils, or CD163+ macrophages in the synovial tissue is the rationale for the management of SpA. Like rheumatoid arthritis, the increased TH22 and TH17 cells either in blood, synovial fluid, or synovial tissues were also demonstrated in SpA. Thus, TH17 and TH22 may be reasonable cellular targets for therapeutic intervention. Drugs (anti-IL6R or anti-IL6) which can reduce the binding of IL6 and IL6R to the cell surface may be beneficial in SpA. Many proteins are implicated in the new bone formation (syndesmophyte) or ankylosis in AS or SpA. The enhanced BMP and Wnt pathway will activate osteoblasts which promote the new bone formation. However, no drug including anti-TNFα can stop or prevent the syndesmophyte in AS. In summary, looking for new targeting therapies for either anti-inflammation (beyond anti-TNF) or anti-bone formation (including anti-TGFβ or PDGF) is warranted in the future.
Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction Methods and the Correlation Analysis of Vehicle Speed and Traffic Flow

A technique based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been applied into short-term traffic flow prediction. Considering random factors, a new forecast model is presented based on the dynamic traffic flow data. Firstly the actual observations were operated in traffic flow and vehicle speed on Yanan east road tunnel, then the correlation analyses were calculated for traffic flow and vehicle speed in different driveways. The results shown, the correlation of traffic flow and vehicle speed was unconspicuous, but the traffic flows of the same direction in different driveways were correlated significantly. Finally according to the statistic results, some suggestions were presented.
Supporting Non-Tenure-Track Faculty Well-Being

Self-determination theory (SDT) was used to model the relations between environmental supports (i.e., administrative, departmental, personal and family) and well-being (i.e., teaching/service and global satisfaction) in 96 full-time non-tenure-track (NTT) faculty members, a growing population that has been underrepresented in the psychological and educational literature. Perceived relatedness and volitional autonomy were hypothesized to mediate the relations between the environmental supports and NTT faculty well-being. Results of path analysis indicated no significant direct effects for the environmental supports or volitional autonomy on well-being; perceived relatedness displayed significant direct effects on both indices of well-being. A bootstrap procedure yielded significant indirect effects for all environmental supports on well-being via perceived relatedness; administrative support displayed a marginally significant indirect effect via volitional autonomy. Results are discussed in terms of SDT and faculty well-being, and future directions for research are provided.
Reflexivity and Researcher Positionality

This chapter explores reflexivity as a set of mutually interrelated processes and practices involving the reflexive thinking, doing, and evaluating of qualitative research. The chapter provides insights into debates surrounding the theory and practice of reflexivity and argues these are underpinned by the researcher’s epistemological assumptions. Such epistemological assumptions influence the researcher’s positionality on issues relating to representation and truth, to the researcher’s role and power relations with others, and to criteria for evaluating qualitative research. Along with other chapters in Section Three: The Researcher, the chapter embraces the reflexive researcher as an integral aspect of qualitative research and highlights challenges involved in reflexive research practice. We also present practical guidance for critical self-reflexivity, practised as an individual and/or collective endeavour, through a series of thought-provoking questions and examples from our own and others’ research in qualitative business and management research. Through the chapter we encourage readers to see the value of reflexivity in its ability to bring epistemological, methodological and criteriological challenges to the forefront as a means of acknowledging how, through our researcher positionality and as qualitative researchers, we influence the research we do and shape the knowledge we produce.
The Mass/Count Distinction: Evidence from On-Line Psycholinguistic Performance

Under the hypothesis that the mass/count distinction in English is marked by a monovalent lexical feature, this article investigates whether features, lexical or morphosyntactic, play a role in simple lexical decision. Research findings have yet to settle how many features are accessed during lexical decision and to what extent morphosyntactic features are computed out of context. We used two on-line lexical decision experiments (simple and morphosyntactic priming). Results show that the lexical feature "mass" is computed in both experiments. However, the morphosyntactic feature "plural" is subject to task-specific effects and surfaces only where operative.
Hubungan antara Konsep Kendiri dan Motivasi dengan Pencapaian Pelajar Bagi Kursus Makroekonomi

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between self-concept and motivation of student’s achievement in Macroeconomics Course. The study involved 153 semester 2 (June 2014 Session) Commerce Department students from Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyahin. The questionnaire instrument consist four parts; part A (background), part B (academic self-concept), part C (non-academic self-concept) and part D (achievement motivation). The results showed that the self-concept of academic and non-academic in moderate level with a mean score 2.91 (SD = 0.68) and 3.18 (SD = 0.68) respectively. While students motivation in moderate level with a mean score 2.90 (SD = 0.67). Beside that, the finding show that a positive significant relationship between self concept of non-academic and the students achievement for the course of Macroeconomics with r = 0186.
When Do Students in Low-SES Schools Perform Better-Than-Expected on a High-Stakes Test? Analyzing School, Teacher, Teaching, and Professional Development Characteristics

This empirical study analyzed data from 638 teachers and 11,800 students in low-socioeconomic status (SES) urban schools (and schools with urban characteristics) exploring associations of school, teacher, teaching, and professional development characteristics toward student performance on the revised Advanced Placement (AP) Biology and AP Chemistry examinations. The analyses indicated that districts per-student funding allocations, the days of instruction, teachers’ knowledge and experience, and some aspects of teachers’ professional development participation were significantly associated with student performance on AP science examinations that was better than predicted by students’ Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT) scores.
Bank Regulatory Capital Adjustment and Ultimate Ownership Structure: Evidence from European Commercial Banks

We empirically investigate whether a bank's decision to recapitalize is influenced by its ownership characteristics, particularly the separation between voting and cash-flow rights of the bank's ultimate owner. We use a novel hand-collected dataset on bank ultimate control and ownership structure of 442 European commercial banks to estimate an ownership- augmented capital adjustment model. We find that when the ultimate owner's voting and cash-flow rights are identical, banks actively (as opposed to passively shifting earnings to capital stock) and equally adjust their capital upwards (i.e. raise equity) and downwards (i.e. repurchase equity) to reach their target level. However, a gap between voting and cash-flow rights of the ultimate owner makes banks reluctant to actively adjust their capital position upwards, presumably because they fear control dilution. Further investigation shows that such a behavior is more pronounced if the ultimate owner is a family or a state, or if the bank is headquartered in a country with weak shareholder protection. Our findings have several policy implications on the road to the final stage of Basel III in 2019.
Commentary: L-3-n-butylphthalide Rescues Hippocampal Synaptic Failure and Attenuates Neuropathology in Aged APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. According to World Health Organization estimation about 18 million people worldwide are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and figures would shoot up to 34 million by 2025 in aging population. The onset and propagation of AD is unrelenting from cellular to molecular levels, governed by multitude of factors leading to a continual decrease in cognitive abilities (Felsenstein et al., 2014). Recent advances in understanding the genetic factors that predispose to AD, as well as in biomarker development have brought with them the promise of earlier and more reliable diagnosis of this disease. However, treatment regime and strategies available, approved by US-FDA are limited by their scope to alter pharmacological targets that can provide symptomatic relief to the patient (Lannfelt et al., 2014). The present stock of drugs for AD consists of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. The primary mechanism of action for these drugs is to decrease the acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) levels thus altering acetylcholine level, while memantine is a low-affinity voltage-dependent uncompetitive antagonist at glutamatergic N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) thereby blocking the activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate. All the existing treatments for AD are only symptomatic but non curative (Lannfelt et al., 2014). Under these circumstances a drug molecule with multiple pharmacological properties with intent to modify as well as reduce the risk factors contributing toward disease burden will be highly appreciated. Drugs that are aimed at disrupting AD disease progression by inhibition/degradation of the protein mis-folding of β-amyloid (Aβ) into neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates has been encouraged for AD (Scheff et al., 2007). With the advent of new diagnostic tools various pathological conditions have been identified at different stages of AD. Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) to form clumps known as neuritic or senile plaques is considered as hallmark of AD. The buildup of these plaques seems to be a crucial as they lead to oxidative stress coupled with mitochondrial dysfunction and barrage of inflammatory cascade causing neuronal cell death. Studies carried by Zhang et al. (2016) on L-3-n-butylphthalide
How Do Schools Affect Ethnic Saliency Levels of Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article measures the role of schools in the ethnic socialization and identity formation processes of high school seniors in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) via ordinary least squares regression analysis and attempts to contribute to a better understanding of educational transitions in the postsocialist space and youth identity formation in a postconflict society. BiH has three ethnonational curricula (Bosniak, Croat, and Serb), each with an ethnocentric focus. Although nationality and school curricula are highly correlated in BiH, in the case of the Serbs, it was found that students who do not study the “appropriate” Serbian curriculum experienced a statistically significant effect on lowering ethnic saliency levels (P < .001 and P < .05). Data were gathered via field surveys of high school seniors at 78 high schools in 53 cities and towns located across the country, the selection of which was based on a nonprobability sampling approach.
Risk Aversion and Reservation Wages

This study examines the relationship between individual risk aversion and reservation wages using a novel set of direct measures of individual risk attitudes from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). We find that risk aversion has a significantly negative impact on the level of reservation wages. Moreover, we show that the elasticity of the reservation wage with respect to unemployment benefits is remarkably lower for risk-averse job seekers than for risk-loving job seekers. The results are consistent with an interpretation that risk-averse job seekers set their reservation wage levels sufficiently low, so that they accept almost every job offer.