Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School and Home Relationships and Their Impact on School Bullying

Previous school-related bullying research focused largely on inter-relationships among perpetrators and victims and more recently has included influences on, and by, peers. Still, less attention is given to wider school relationships that consider families and teachers. Students across grades 5—9 in 22 South Australian schools reported on how well they felt supported by their peers, families and teachers and the extent to which they perceived these groups as sources of stress in their lives at school. Six hundred and twenty-one teachers also assessed their students’ adaptive and non-adaptive behaviour. Links between stress and support and students’ experience of school, including bullying and victimization were examined using path analysis. Along with the expected impact of poor peer relationships and bullying/victimization, relationships with teachers exerted an equally powerful influence on students’ reports of bullying. Teachers need to be made aware that developing strong supportive relationships with students has a flow-on effect of reducing bullying.
A sociocultural understanding of mediated learning, peer cooperation and emotional well-being

This study investigates how mediated learning designed to improve peer cooperation within activity-based problem solving tasks influences cooperative learning outcomes. Two groups (n = 22) of Year 8 students (mean age 13 +/− 5 months) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The study began with two one-hour sessions of activity-based problem-solving tasks for the control and experimental groups. These sessions were coded for on- and off-task communication. The experimental group then participated in a mediated cooperative learning experience (MCLE) focused on developing cooperative communication and pro-social behaviour. Following the MCLE, a one-hour problem-solving activity session for the collection of data related to on- and off-task communication was conducted for both the control and experimental groups. Results demonstrate that cooperative group on-task communication can be effectively influenced by mediated learning, both intra-group and inter-group, implying that the success associated with cooperative learning may be enhanced by first teaching students how to cooperate.
Skill-utilization, skill-variety and the job characteristics model

Abstract An examination of the job characteristics theory (Hackman & Oldham, 1975, 1976, 1980) showed that it contained two alternative statements about the relationship between job attributes and job satisfaction. One statement asserted that job satisfaction was an additive function of job attributes while the other asserted that the function was multiplicative. This study showed that both formulations omitted skill-utilization as a predictor of job satisfaction. A random sample of 125 employees in metropolitan Adelaide completed the job characteristics scales and a skill-utilization scale (O'Brien, 1980, 1982a). Job satisfaction was measured by the Job Descriptive Index and an 18-item facet satisfaction scale. Using hierarchical regression, it was found that skill-utilization accounted for as much unique variance in job satisfaction as did the additive or multiplicative combinations of job attributes denned by the job characteristics theory. The implications of these results for the job characteristics .
Retail sales explanations: resolving unsatisfactory sales encounters

The general proposition that a salesperson's explanation adequacy plays a critical role in the resolution of unsatisfactory sales encounters for consumers is investigated in a cross‐sectional context. The findings indicate that explanation adequacy is influenced by both the style and content of the explanation, and the timeliness of an organization's reaction, whereas explanation adequacy only indirectly affects the final perceptions of the severity of the incident and emotional reaction to it. Importantly, the perceptions of the extent of the justice of the resolution and the assignment of blame to external factors were found to be intervening variables. The results also indicated that the assignment of blame to internal factors was unrelated to the adequacy of an explanation, but did influence emotion and the perceived severity on an incident.
Ignorance or False Negatives: Do Children of 4 to 5 Years Simulate Belief With "Not Knowing = Getting it Wrong?"

Two experiments with 44 children 41/2 to 51/2 years old provide evidence against the contention by Fabricius and Imbens-Bailey (2000) that 4- to 5-year-old children who just master the false belief test do not yet understand belief, only ignorance. These children are, nevertheless, thought able to give correct answers on the traditional test by using the heuristic that ignorant people look in the wrong place because in these tests only one wrong location figures. This hypothesis was tested by comparing 2 location stories with 3 location stories in which the third location was strongly highlighted by the procedure. With only 5 exceptions on some occasions-no child ever assumed that the protagonist would look in the wrong location other than that in which he believed the object to be. The discussion clarifies how this finding can be consolidated with the results by Fabricius and Khalil (this issue) that were presented in support of the hypothesis by Fabricius and Imbens-Bailey.
Enabling Factors in Adult-Child Discourse

The use of a special baby-talk register by adults when talking to children in the early stages of language development is now well established (e.g. Sachs, 1977; Snow, 1976), but it is not yet clear how far the specific form it takes in particular adult-child interactions is the result of adult responsiveness to specific communicative abilities of the individual child rather than a generalized response to a less-thancompetent interlocutor (Brown, 1977). Newport, Gleitman &
Genistein attenuates genioglossus muscle fatigue under chronic intermittent hypoxia by down-regulation of oxidative stress level and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of genistein on contractile properties of genioglossus under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) conditions and its relationship with oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme, and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups 1 week after ovariectomy: the normal control group, the CIH group, the CIH with low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose genistein groups. Rats in the latter four groups were exposed to CIH for 5 weeks. Twitch tension, tetanic tension, and fatigue resistance of genioglossus were investigated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and ERK1/2 were detected. RESULTS Muscle fatigue resistance and enzymatic activity of GPx, CAT, and SOD were reduced after CIH exposure and improved by different doses of genistein at different degrees. CIH increased the level of ROS and MDA, and they were returned to normal by genistein. The expression of phospho-ERK1/2 is opposite to the changes in muscle fatigue resistance. CONCLUSION Chronic intermittent hypoxia decreases fatigue resistance of genioglossus, and genistein treatment reverses the fatigability of genioglossus by down-regulation of oxidative stress level and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymatic activity probably through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Evidence of a Single-Channel Decision Mechanism Limiting Performance in a Serial Reaction Task*

An experiment is described in which the subject sat facing a display of two neon bulbs. When the left-hand bulb lit he pressed a key under his left hand, and when the right hand bulb lit he pressed a key under his right hand. The left-hand bulb gave brief flashes at random intervals averaging about 4 sec. The right-hand bulb gave a brief flash at regular intervals of about 4 sec. The experiment repeats (the author believes for the first time) certain essential conditions of Vince's (1948, 1950) experiments and, following detailed scrutiny of every pair of responses, is taken as evidence for the following statements:— (a) The response to a signal arriving during the reaction time to a former signal will be delayed by an amount approximately equal to the time elapsing between the arrival of the signal and the end of the reaction time to the former signal. (b) An exception to this may occur when two signals arrive close together. In this case the two signals may be responded to as a single group. (c) Delays can be occasioned by the monitoring of responses as well as by reactions to signals. (d) “Grouping” of signal and monitoring may occur when a signal arrives close to the beginning of the movement made in response to a previous signal. A survey is made of current theories in this field and suggestions given for further research.
Developing a Theory-Based Measure of Career Decision-Making: The Decisional Process Inventory

The present study describes the development and an initial assessment of the psychometric properties of the Decisional Process Inventory (DPI). The DPI served as an empirical test of Gestalt therapy homeostasis theory for conceptualizing and facilitating career development and decision-making. The inventory is intended to assess career decidedness or individual level of progress toward reaching a career-decided state. The DPI consists of 70 items that address respondents' perceptions and experiences of the career decision-making process. Participants responded to the DPI (n = 248), the Career Decision Scale (CDS; Osipow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, & Koschier, 1976) (n = 242), the Occupational Alternatives Question (OAQ; Zener & Schnuelle, 1976) (n = 244), and the Gestalt Contact Styles Questionnaire-Revised (GSCQ-R; Woldt & Kepner, 1986) (n = 243). Results supported the content validity of the items and criterion-related validity of the inventory. Seven factors related to the career decision-making process are described.
HCI Research as Problem-Solving

This essay contributes a meta-scientific account of human-computer interaction (HCI) research as problem-solving. We build on the philosophy of Larry Laudan, who develops problem and solution as the foundational concepts of science. We argue that most HCI research is about three main types of problem: empirical, conceptual, and constructive. We elaborate upon Laudan's concept of problem-solving capacity as a universal criterion for determining the progress of solutions (outcomes): Instead of asking whether research is 'valid' or follows the 'right' approach, it urges us to ask how its solutions advance our capacity to solve important problems in human use of computers. This offers a rich, generative, and 'discipline-free' view of HCI and resolves some existing debates about what HCI is or should be. It may also help unify efforts across nominally disparate traditions in empirical research, theory, design, and engineering.
No Evidence of Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Financial Risk Taking in Females

Background Past research linked Toxoplasma gondii (TG) infection in humans with neurological and mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and attention disorders), irregularities of the dopaminergic and testosterone system, and increased likelihood of being involved in traffic accidents. Methodology/Principal Findings We test for an association between TG infection and financial decision-making (DM) using a case-control design in a sample of female Czech students (n = 79). We estimate each subject's risk attitude and loss aversion using an experimental economic task involving real monetary incentives. We find no significant evidence that either measure of decision-making is associated with TG infection. Conclusion We were unable to find evidence of an association between TG infection and financial decision-making in females.
Research Problems in Data Provenance

The problem of tracing the provenance (also known as lineage) of data is an ubiquitous problem that is frequently encountered in databases that are the result of many transformation steps. Scientific databases and data warehouses are some examples of such databases. However, contributions from the database research community towards this problem have been somewhat limited. In this paper, we motivate the problem of supporting data provenance in scientific database applications and provide some background on previous research. We also briefly describe the DBNotes prototype developed at UC Santa Cruz that can be used to “eagerly” trace the provenance and flow of relational data and describe some directions for further research.
Iron status in patients with chronic heart failure.

AIMS The changes in iron status occurring during the course of heart failure (HF) and the underlying pathomechanisms are largely unknown. Hepcidin, the major regulatory protein for iron metabolism, may play a causative role. We investigated iron status in a broad spectrum of patients with systolic HF in order to determine the changes in iron status in parallel with disease progression, and to associate iron status with long-term prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum concentrations of ferritin, transferrin saturation (Tsat), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and hepcidin were assessed as the biomarkers of iron status in 321 patients with chronic systolic HF [age: 61 ± 11 years, men: 84%, left ventricular ejection fraction: 31 ± 9%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class: 72/144/87/18] at a tertiary cardiology centre and 66 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Compared with healthy subjects, asymptomatic HF patients had similar haematological status, but increased iron stores (evidenced by higher serum ferritin without distinct inflammation, P < 0.01) with markedly elevated serum hepcidin (P < 0.001). With increasing HF severity, patients in advanced NYHA classes had iron deficiency (ID) (reduced serum ferritin, low Tsat, high sTfR), iron-restricted erythropoiesis (reduced haemoglobin, high red cell distribution width), and inflammation (high serum high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein and interleukin 6), which was accompanied by decreased circulating hepcidin (all P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox models, low hepcidin was independently associated with increased 3-year mortality among HF patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased level of circulating hepcidin characterizes an early stage of HF, and is not accompanied by either anaemia or inflammation. The progression of HF is associated with the decline in circulating hepcidin and the development of ID. Low hepcidin independently relates to unfavourable outcome.
Compensatory Regulation of Cav 2 . 1 Ca 2 Channels in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons Lacking Parvalbumin and Calbindin D28 k

Kreiner L, Christel CJ, Benveniste M, Schwaller B, Lee A. Compensatory regulation of Cav2.1 Ca 2 channels in cerebellar Purkinje neurons lacking parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k. J Neurophysiol 103: 371–381, 2010. First published November 11, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00635. 2009. Cav2.1 channels regulate Ca 2 signaling and excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. These channels undergo a dual feedback regulation by incoming Ca ions, Ca -dependent facilitation and inactivation. Endogenous Ca -buffering proteins, such as parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28k (CB), are highly expressed in Purkinje neurons and therefore may influence Cav2.1 regulation by Ca 2 . To test this, we compared Cav2.1 properties in dissociated Purkinje neurons from wild-type (WT) mice and those lacking both PV and CB (PV/CB / ). Unexpectedly, P-type currents in WT and PV/CB / neurons differed in a way that was inconsistent with a role of PV and CB in acute modulation of Ca feedback to Cav2.1. Cav2.1 currents in PV/ CB / neurons exhibited increased voltage-dependent inactivation, which could be traced to decreased expression of the auxiliary Cav 2a subunit compared with WT neurons. Although Cav2.1 channels are required for normal pacemaking of Purkinje neurons, spontaneous action potentials were not different in WT and PV/CB / neurons. Increased inactivation due to molecular switching of Cav2.1 -subunits may preserve normal activity-dependent Ca signals in the absence of Ca -buffering proteins in PV/CB / Purkinje neurons.
Effects of Different Light Source Color Temperatures during Physical Exercise on Human EEG and Subjective Evaluation

This study examined the effects of the color temperature of lighting on spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and subjective evaluation under physical exercise. Participants (n=10) were asked to (a) sit quietly for 45-min rest, (b) carry out successive exercise bouts of 50 W and 100 W on a cycle ergometer for 14 mins, and (c) sit quietly for a 21-min recovery period. EEGs and subjective evaluation were carried out during the last 6 min of the adaptation period, immediately after exercise, and at the 7.5-min and 15-min stages of the recovery period after exercise. The experiments were conducted in a lighting laboratory controlled at a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 50–60%. The illuminance condition was maintained at 1000 lx and combined with three different color temperature conditions (3000 K, 5000 K and 7000 K) for a total of three lighting environments. The results of the EEG recording at Pz showed that the Alpha Attenuation Coefficient (AAC) was more increased at higher color temperatures after exercise than at lower temperatures, and the speeds of recovery at Fz, Cz, and Pz were slower during the 7000 K condition. The changes in AAC were most remarkable at Pz. After exercise, the level of “sleepiness” at the lower color temperature (3000 K) was significantly higher than those at the higher color temperatures (5000 K and 7000 K) (P<0.05), and the level of “relaxation” at the higher color temperature (7000 K) was significantly lower than those at the lower color temperatures (3000 K and 5000 K) (P<0.01). In contrast, the level of “concentration” at the lower color temperature (3000 K) was significantly lower than those at the higher color temperature (5000 K and 7000 K) (P<0.01). The level of “fatigue” was the highest at 7000 K compared with those at 5000 K and 3000 K (P<0.05). The highest level of “motivation” was found at 5000 K. Both “fatigue” and “motivation” showed a significant interaction between color temperature and exercise. These results suggest that the color temperature of 5000 K is more comfortable and advantageous for physical exercise and that the lower color temperature of 3000 K is beneficial for rest and fatigue recovery after exercise.The above results indicate that muscle activity under photic stimulation has effects on AAC and subjective evaluation; that is, the color temperature of fluorescent lamps and the exercise have an obvious effect on AAC and subjective evaluation, as predicted based on the increase of cortical arousal level.
Identification of novel CYP1B1 gene mutations in patients with primary congenital and primary open‐angle glaucoma

CYP1B1 is the most commonly mutated gene in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), and mutations have also been identified in primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). This study was undertaken to describe mutations in CYP1B1 in patients and families with PCG and POAG from Pakistan.
Unlocking the numerator-denominator bias III: adjustment ratios by ethnicity for 1981-1999 mortality data. The New Zealand Census-Mortality Study.

AIM Maori and Pacific deaths are under-counted in mortality data relative to census data. This 'numerator-denominator' bias means that routinely calculated mortality rates by ethnicity are incorrect. We used New Zealand Census-Mortality Study data to quantify the bias from 1981 to 1999. METHODS The 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996 Censuses were each anonymously and probabilistically linked to three years of subsequent mortality data, allowing a comparison of ethnicity recording. RESULTS Compared with death registrations, 16% more 0-74 year old decedents during 1981-1984 had self-identified as '1/2 or more Maori' on the 1981 Census, and 32% more during both 1986-1989 and 1991-1994 had self-identified as 'sole Maori' on the 1986 and 1991 Censuses. From September 1995, mortality data have allowed multiple ethnicity to be recorded. During 1996-1999, 7% more decedents identified Maori as one of their ethnic groups on the 1996 Census compared with mortality data. For Pacific decedents, 55%, 76% and 68% more self-identified as 'sole Pacific' on census data compared with data recorded on death registrations for 1981-1984, 1986-1989 and 1991-1994 respectively, but there was no difference for 1996-1999. The bias for Maori (but not for Pacific) was greater among the young and those living in central and southern regions of New Zealand. CONCLUSIONS The 1995 change to ethnicity recording on mortality data has improved the robustness of ethnicity data collection. These adjustment factors for 1981-1999 allow for more accurate calculations of ethnic-specific mortality rates over the last 20 years.
Interaction of Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5A with Core Protein Is Critical for the Production of Infectious Virus Particles

ABSTRACT Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) possesses multiple and diverse functions in RNA replication, interferon resistance, and viral pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that NS5A is involved in the assembly and maturation of infectious viral particles; however, precisely how NS5A participates in virus production has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that NS5A is a prerequisite for HCV particle production as a result of its interaction with the viral capsid protein (core protein). The efficiency of virus production correlated well with the levels of interaction between NS5A and the core protein. Alanine substitutions for the C-terminal serine cluster in domain III of NS5A (amino acids 2428, 2430, and 2433) impaired NS5A basal phosphorylation, leading to a marked decrease in NS5A-core interaction, disturbance of the subcellular localization of NS5A, and disruption of virion production. Replacing the same serine cluster with glutamic acid, which mimics the presence of phosphoserines, partially preserved the NS5A-core interaction and virion production, suggesting that phosphorylation of these serine residues is important for virion production. In addition, we found that the alanine substitutions in the serine cluster suppressed the association of the core protein with viral genome RNA, possibly resulting in the inhibition of nucleocapsid assembly. These results suggest that NS5A plays a key role in regulating the early phase of HCV particle formation by interacting with core protein and that its C-terminal serine cluster is a determinant of the NS5A-core interaction.
Phonological Facilitation in the Production of Two-word Utterances

The aim of this study was to investigate the timing relations between phonological encoding that is, the generation of an abstract phonological representation of a to-be-produced utterance and the initiation of articulation. Previous research (Meyer & Schriefers, 1991) using a picture-word paradigm suggested that, in the production of simple one-word naming responses, a speaker completes phonological encoding of the complete word before articulation is initiated. In the present study, this question was investigated for the production of German no-determiner noun phrases (e.g. roter Tisch, “red table”;). The results showed reliable facilitation effects for distractors that are identical to the first syllable of the first word of the noun phrase. For the second syllable of the first word, only weak facilitation effects were obtained. For the second word, no significant facilitation effects were obtained. However, additional analyses showed that two groups of speakers can be distinguished, one showing only f.