Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blue or red? The effects of colour on the emotions of Chinese people

Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of red and blue on the emotional pleasure of Chinese people. Experiment 1 explored the effects of the ‘physical’ colours red and blue on emotion, and the results showed that red induced positive and negative emotion, while blue only induced positive emotion. Experiment 2 further explored the effects of the ‘verbal’ colours red and blue on emotion, and the results showed that red induced only positive emotion, while blue induced neither positive nor negative emotion. The findings indicate that the influence of colour on emotion is rooted in both natural and social associations. For Chinese, the associations between blue and positive emotion, and red and negative emotion, were natural associations; however, the associations between red and positive emotion were social associations. Moreover, physical colour and verbal colour stimuli induced emotions by activating different mechanisms: physical colour induced emotions via both natural and social associations, whereas verbal colour induced emotions via social associations.
The Effects of Mood on Exhibiting and Experiencing Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors from the Perspectives of Faculty, Staff, and Students

We examined the extent to which counterproductive workplace behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors were mood-contingent in a university sample. Sixtyfour employees and thirty-nine students participated in online surveys measuring jobaffective well-being, organizational constraints, intemallocus of control, interpersonal conflict at work, mood, counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWBs), and organizational citizenship behaviors (aCBs). Mood did not significantly predict Of'Bs, but students were more likely to engage in CWBs than were employees. The longer an individual was associated with the university, the more aCBs they exhibited, and organizational constraints significantly predicted CWBs. Factors potentially influencing these results are discussed.
Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon

Can behavior be unconsciously primed via the activation of attitudes, stereotypes, or other concepts? A number of studies have suggested that such priming effects can occur, and a prominent illustration is the claim that individuals' accuracy in answering general knowledge questions can be influenced by activating intelligence-related concepts such as professor or soccer hooligan. In 9 experiments with 475 participants we employed the procedures used in these studies, as well as a number of variants of those procedures, in an attempt to obtain this intelligence priming effect. None of the experiments obtained the effect, although financial incentives did boost performance. A Bayesian analysis reveals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis. The results conform to the pattern typically obtained in word priming experiments in which priming is very narrow in its generalization and unconscious (subliminal) influences, if they occur at all, are extremely short-lived. We encourage others to explore the circumstances in which this phenomenon might be obtained.
Boosting for Tumor Classification with Gene Expression Data

MOTIVATION Microarray experiments generate large datasets with expression values for thousands of genes but not more than a few dozens of samples. Accurate supervised classification of tissue samples in such high-dimensional problems is difficult but often crucial for successful diagnosis and treatment. A promising way to meet this challenge is by using boosting in conjunction with decision trees. RESULTS We demonstrate that the generic boosting algorithm needs some modification to become an accurate classifier in the context of gene expression data. In particular, we present a feature preselection method, a more robust boosting procedure and a new approach for multi-categorical problems. This allows for slight to drastic increase in performance and yields competitive results on several publicly available datasets. AVAILABILITY Software for the modified boosting algorithms as well as for decision trees is available for free in R at http://stat.ethz. ch/~dettling/boosting.html.
High load for most high risk human papillomavirus genotypes is associated with prevalent cervical cancer precursors but only HPV16 load predicts the development of incident disease

Cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load has been purported as a potential marker for the detection of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer (≥CIN2). To examine disease association with type‐specific viral load for the full‐range of anogenital HPV infections, we conducted cross‐sectional and prospective analyses of ∼2,000 HPV‐infected women from a 10,000‐woman population‐based study in Guanacaste, Costa Rica with 7 years of follow‐up. Cervical specimens were tested for >40 HPV types using a MY09/MY11 L1 consensus primer PCR method with type‐specific dot blot hybridization and PCR signal intensity as a measure of viral load. A positive association was observed between prevalent ≥CIN2 and high viral load compared to low viral load for women with baseline single HPV16 infections (OR = 19.2, 95% CI = 4.4–83.2) and single non‐16 carcinogenic infections (OR = 9.2, 95% CI = 2.1–39.9). Inclusion of women with multiple HPV types did not substantially change these associations. In prospective follow‐up, only women infected with HPV16 alone (OR = 27.2, 95% = 3.5–213.5) had a strong association between high viral load and incident ≥CIN2; non‐16 carcinogenic high viral load was not associated with incident ≥CIN2 (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–1.9). Single noncarcinogenic type viral load was not associated with increased risk of prevalent or incident ≥CIN2 (OR = 1.2 and 1.1, respectively). In conclusion, carcinogenic high viral load was associated with prevalent ≥CIN2; however HPV16 was uniquely associated with incident ≥CIN2. The extent to which these observations can be translated into clinical practice must be rigorously examined in the context of the method of viral load measurement and the type‐specific differences observed for incident ≥CIN2. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Interplay of Learning Approaches and Preferences for Methods of Assessment of Iranian EFL Learners in academic Context

Abstract. The present study aimed at making inquiries about the relationships between Iranian EFL students’ learning approaches, and their preferences for different modes of assessment. A sample of one hundred and ten junior and senior EFL students majoring in English Translation and English Literature at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, participated in this study. Participants were both male and female. In order to gather required data, two questionnaires were used: The Revised two factors Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) by Biggs et al. (2001), Assessment Preferences Inventory (API) by Birenbaum (1994). As the results showed; first, deep learning approach had significant positive relationships with both summative and formative assessments; second, surface learning approach had significant positive relationship with summative method of assessment.
Clonality in Healthy Elderly Individuals CD8 T Cell Repertoire Toward Greater Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity Drives the

The deterioration in immune function with aging is thought to make a major contribution to the increased morbidity and mortality from infectious disease in old age. One aspect of immune senescence is the reduction in CD8 T cell repertoire as due to the accumulation of oligoclonal, memory T cells and a reduction in the naive T cell pool. CD8 T cell clonal expansions accumulate with age, but their antigenic speciﬁcity remains unknown. In this study, we show that in elderly individuals seropositivity for human CMV leads to the development of oligoclonal populations of CMV-speciﬁc CTL that can constitute up to one-quarter of the total CD8 T cell population. Furthermore, CMV-speciﬁc CTL have a highly polarized membrane phenotype that is typical of effector memory cells (CD28 (cid:1) , CD57 (cid:2) , CCR7 (cid:1) ). TCR analyses show that CMV-speciﬁc CTL have highly restricted clonality with greater restriction in the larger expansions. Clonal analysis of the total CD8 T cell repertoire was compared between CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative donors. Thirty-three percent more clonal expansions were observed in CMV-seropositive donors in comparison with seronegative individuals. These data implicate CMV as a major factor in driving oligoclonal expansions in old age. Such a dramatic accumulation of virus-speciﬁc effector CTL might impair the ability to respond to heterologous infection and may underlie the negative inﬂuence of CMV seropositivity on survival in the very elderly. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 1984–1992. tetramer-binding cells and performing TCRBV family-spe-ciﬁc PCR and DNA sequencing. Results indicate very high frequencies of CMV epitope-speciﬁc CD8 T cells in old age donors, which are monoclonal or oligoclonal. Analyses of total CD8 subsets in CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative donors showed a higher number of clonal expansions in seropositive donors, suggesting that CMV indeed plays a major role in driving the host CD8 T cell repertoire toward oligoclonality.
Retirement Patterns and Their Relationship to Volunteering

This study examines the relationships of volunteering behaviors with work–retirement patterns and transition among middle-aged and older Americans using the Health and Retirement Study data (1998-2008). Latent class analysis was used to identify retirement status and cluster respondents into five latent classes: the not-retired, partial retiree, full retiree, non-worker (e.g., homemakers), and the transitioned (i.e., the newly retired from paid work). Generalized linear mixed models showed those experiencing work–retirement transitions were significantly more involved in volunteering than the not-retired. Partial retirees and full retirees were more likely to start volunteering, and full retirees were also more likely to end volunteering than the not-retired over the 10-year observation period. Volunteer organizations are advised to recruit older adults who have time available and social connections with the workforce and to target the newly retired who are likely to increase their volunteer time during the transition process.
Topological Analysis of the Functional Mimicry between a Peptide and a Carbohydrate Moiety*

The shared surface topology of two chemically dissimilar but functionally equivalent molecular structures has been analyzed. A carbohydrate moiety (α-D-mannopyranoside) and a peptide molecule (DVFYPYPYASGS) bind to concanavalin A at a common binding site. The cross-reactivity of the polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) was used for understanding the topological relationship between these two independent ligands. The anti-α-D-mannopyranoside pAbs recognized various peptide ligands of concanavalin A, and the anti-DVFYPYPYASGS pAbs recognized the carbohydrate ligands, providing direct evidence of molecular mimicry. On the basis of differential binding of various rationally designed peptide analogs to the anti-α-D-mannopyranoside pAbs, it was possible to identify different peptide residues critical for the mimicry. The comparison of circular dichroism profiles of the designed analogs suggests that the carbohydrate mimicking conformation of the peptide ligand incorporates a polyproline type II structural fold. The concanavalin A binding activity of these analogs was found to have a direct correlation with the topological relationship between peptide and carbohydrate ligands.
Oligomerization of Heme o Synthase in Cytochrome Oxidase Biogenesis Is Mediated by Cytochrome Oxidase Assembly Factor Coa2*

Background: The function of heme o synthase (Cox10) is linked to its oligomerization, a process coupled to Cox1 synthesis. Results: The C-terminal segment of Cox1 and Coa2 mediates Cox10 oligomerization. Conclusion: Coa2 is a key factor that mediates multimerization of both Cox10 and Cox15. Significance: Novel insights on Cox10 function and mechanism of disease-causing dysfunction are provided. The synthesis of the heme a cofactor used in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is dependent on the sequential action of heme o synthase (Cox10) and heme a synthase (Cox15). The active state of Cox10 appears to be a homo-oligomeric complex, and formation of this complex is dependent on the newly synthesized CcO subunit Cox1 and the presence of an early Cox1 assembly intermediate. Cox10 multimerization is triggered by progression of Cox1 from the early assembly intermediate to downstream intermediates. The CcO assembly factor Coa2 appears important in coupling the presence of newly synthesized Cox1 to Cox10 oligomerization. Cells lacking Coa2 are impaired in Cox10 complex formation as well as the formation of a high mass Cox15 complex. Increasing Cox1 synthesis in coa2Δ cells restores respiratory function if Cox10 protein levels are elevated. The C-terminal segment of Cox1 is important in triggering Cox10 oligomerization. Expression of the C-terminal 54 residues of Cox1 appended to a heterologous matrix protein leads to efficient Cox10 complex formation in coa2Δ cells, but it fails to induce Cox15 complex formation. The state of Cox10 was evaluated in mutants, which predispose human patients to CcO deficiency and the neurological disorder Leigh syndrome. The presence of the D336V mutation in the yeast Cox10 backbone results in a catalytically inactive enzyme that is fully competent to oligomerize. Thus, Cox10 oligomerization and catalytic activation are separate processes and can be uncoupled.
Multiculturalism and Language Shift: A Subjective Vitality Questionnaire Study of Sydney Italians.

Abstract There is a mismatch between the language vitality of Greek, and the language vitality of Italian in Australia. Part of the explanation for the comparatively more rapid language shift in the Italian community may lie in perceptions of ethnolinguistic vitality. Giles, Rosenthal & Young (1985) have examined a Greek‐Australian community using the Subjective Vitality Questionnaire. This paper is a replication in predominantly Italo‐Australian suburbs of Sydney. It compares SVQ results for standard Italian and standard Greek in Australia in order to determine whether the substantial real difference in vitality between these two languages is reflected in perceived vitality as measured by the SVQ. Since Anglo‐Celts are a minority in many parts of Australia's larger cities, our second objective was to see whether perceptions of language vitality of subjects who are not members of the SVQ target language communities differ from those of the SVQ target language communities. The results show that the differe.
Planning trajectories on uneven terrain using optimization and non-linear time scaling techniques

In this paper we introduce a novel framework of generating trajectories which explicitly satisfies the stability constraints such as no-slip and permanent ground contact on uneven terrain. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) It derives analytical functions depicting the evolution of the vehicle on uneven terrain. These functional descriptions enable us to have a fast evaluation of possible vehicle stability along various directions on the terrain and this information is used to control the shape of the trajectory. (2) It introduces a novel paradigm wherein non-linear time scaling brought about by parametrized exponential functions are used to modify the velocity and acceleration profile of the vehicle so that these satisfy the no-slip and contact constraints. We show that nonlinear time scaling manipulates velocity and acceleration profile in a versatile manner and consequently has exceptional utility not only in uneven terrain navigation but also in general in any problem where it is required to change the velocity of the robot while keeping the path unchanged like collision avoidance.
Relation between Nursing Students’ Knowledge of Aging and Attitude towards Elderly People and Their Will and Intent to Work with the Elderly

The changing population structure has many implications for the elderly and nurses must be prepared to meet the challenges of caring for this rapidly increasing segment of population. Aim : Assess nursing students’ knowledge of aging, attitude towards elderly people, will and intent to work with the elderly and determine the relation between nursing students’ knowledge of aging, attitude towards elderly and their will and intent to work with the elderly. Method : A descriptive co-relational study was used via self reported questionnaire, completed by 596 students from the faculty of nursing-Mansoura University. Students’ responses were analyzed using factor analysis, correlation coefficients, T-test, and Anova test. Results : Mansoura nursing students have a lack of knowledge of aging and held a positive attitude toward the elderly. As well they showed a high score of intent and will to work and care for the elderly people. A statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge of aging, attitude toward elderly, intent and will to work and care for the elderly. Conclusion : knowledge of aging of the nursing student should be increased in order to improve quality of care and to provide effective care services to the elderly people using new teaching and educational strategies. Key Words : Knowledge of aging, Attitude, Elderly people, Nursing students, Will, Intent.
Comparison of robotic and open partial nephrectomy: Single-surgeon matched cohort study.

INTRODUCTION We present comparative outcomes among matched patients who underwent robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) or open partial nephrectomy (OPN) by a single surgeon at a single institution. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 200 patients who underwent RPN (n = 100) or OPN (n = 100) between May 2003 and May 2013. The patients who underwent RPN were matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, as well as tumour size, side and location. Perioperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the 2 cohorts with respect to patient age, BMI, ASA score, preoperative glomerular filtration rate, tumour size and the R.E. N.A. L. nephrometry score. The mean operative time was longer in the RPN group, but there were no significant differences with respect to warm ischemic time and postoperative renal function. The length of hospitalization and use of postoperative analgesics (ketoprofen) were more favourable in the RPN cohort. There was no significant difference in the mean estimated blood loss, transfusion rate, or complications between the cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Considering the perioperative and postoperative parameters, RPN is a viable option as a nephron-sparing surgical procedure for small renal masses that yields outcomes comparable to those achieved with OPN. Despite matched cohort analysis among patients who underwent PN by a single surgeon, there may be inherent selection bias; therefore future prospective trials are needed.
Awareness about Lifestyle Diseases Associated Risk Factors in School Going Children in Delhi

Lifestyle means a pattern of individual practices and personal behavioral choices that are related to elevated or reduced health risk. The diseases which primarily arise from the abnormal lifestyle of a person are grouped under the term “Lifestyle Diseases”. For younger population, the risk of lifestyle disease looms larger. Therefore, this paper aimed to find the prevalence and awareness of lifestyle disease related risk factors in school going children aged 8- 12 years of Delhi. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a government and private school of Delhi. A questionnaire was made to elicit the awareness levels amongst the school children about the risk factors associated with lifestyle. The specific scores were given to responses of various questions, and data was analyzed using WHO software package Epi Info. A total of 293 participants from both the schools aged 8-12 years were included. 10% students were classified as obese whereas 11% were labeled as overweight. Nearly 39% students were underweight. Around 50% of the participants were consuming soft drinks, chocolates and chips at least 3 times per week. Awareness regarding healthy and harmful eating was quite high amongst the school children. 60% said that parents and family were the most influential source of information about their health. The recommended level of physical activity was being practiced by 55% of the students though more than 90% knew that physical activity is good for health. Almost 90% of the school children were also aware about the addictive nature of smoking and alcohol and that they are harmful to health. Though the awareness level is high, it does not reflect in their eating habits. Opinion of the children with respect to physical activity is not in line with their present practice. Thus, it can be concluded that just imparting knowledge and increasing awareness is not sufficient to prevent the onset of lifestyle diseases amongst school children.
The Pharmacology of SR 141716 A : A Review

Historically, the products of Cannabis sativa (or marijuana) have been used in socioreligious rites and for medicinal and recreational purposes. Multiple medical purposes, related or not to religious rituals, were prevalent in the ancient world (Assyria, Egypt, Rome, Greece and China) and India (54). Marijuana was used less widely in Western Europe and North America (54,55). Because reliable clinical effects were not always obtained and there were no experimental and/or clinical studies to support its medical benefits, the medicinal use of marijuana declined in Europe and North America (54). Since then, its usage as a recreational psychotropic drug began to increase at the beginning of the 1900s and was one factor that led to the enactment of the Harrison Narcotic Act in the Unted States during 1930s. In the 1970s, the use and abuse of marijuana, especially among adolescents, emerged worldwide. Today this plant and its products remain among the most frequently used psychoactive drugs in the world. Despite the widespread sociolegal controversy concerning the use and legalization of marijuana (5), the results of several animal and clinical studies strongly suggest that the cannabinoids may have valid medical applications (5,90) as antiemetics in the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy, appetite stimulants for patients with AIDS or with severe cancer-related anorexia, analgesics in morphine-resistant pain, and agents to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma (4,54,90). Controlled clinical trials were recently initiated in United Kingdom to evaluate the efficacy of cannabis and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) as treatments for spasticity in patients with multiple