Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YOR: A yield optimizing routing algorithm by minimizing critical areas and vias

Traditionally, the goal of channel routing algorithms is to route the nets with as few tracks as possible to minimize the chip area and achieve 100 percent connection. However, the manufacturing yield may not reach a satisfactory level if care is not taken to reduce the critical areas which are susceptible to defects. These critical areas are caused by the highly compacted adjacent wires and vias in the routing region. A new channel routing algorithm is presented in this paper to deal with this problem. Our approach is to systematically eliminate critical areas by floating, burying, and bumping net segments as well as shifting vias. The yield optimizing routing (YOR) algorithm also minimizes the number of vias since vias in a chip increase the manufacturing complexity which again degrades the yield. The algorithm has been implemented and applied to benchmark routing layouts in the literature. The experimental results show that large reduction in the number of critical areas and significant improvement in yield are achieved, particularly for practical size channels such as the Deutsch's difficult problem.
ACCRETION PROPERTIES OF A SAMPLE OF HARD X-RAY (<60 keV) SELECTED SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES

We examine the accretion properties in a sample of 42 hard (3–60 keV) X-ray selected nearby broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The energy range in the sample is harder than that usually used in similar previous studies. These AGNs are mainly complied from the RXTE All Sky Survey, and complemented by the released INTEGRAL AGN catalog. The black hole masses, bolometric luminosities of AGN, and Eddington ratios are derived from their optical spectra in terms of the broad Hβ emission line. The tight correlation between the hard X-ray (3–20 keV) and bolometric/line luminosity is well identified in our sample. Also identified is a strong inverse Baldwin relationship of the Hβ emission line. In addition, all of these hard X-ray AGNs are biased toward luminous objects with a high Eddington ratio (mostly between 0.01 and 0.1) and a low column density (<1022 cm−2), which is most likely due to the selection effect of the surveys. The hard X-ray luminosity is consequently found to be strongly correlated with the black hole mass. We believe the sample completeness will be improved in the next few years by the ongoing Swift and the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory missions, and by the next advanced missions, such as NuSTAR, Simbol-X, and NeXT. Finally, the correlation between RFe (= optical Fe ii/Hβ) and disk temperature as assessed by T ∝ (L/LEdd)M−1BH leads us to suggest that the strength of the Fe ii emission is mainly determined by the shape of the ionizing spectrum.
On the Performance of Sparse Recovery Via <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_p$</tex></formula>-Minimization <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(0 \leq p \leq 1)$</tex></formula>

It is known that a high-dimensional sparse vector x* in TV can be recovered from low-dimensional measurements y = Ax* where A<sup>m×n</sup>(m <; n) is the measurement matrix. In this paper, with A being a random Gaussian matrix, we investigate the recovering ability of ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization (0 ≤ p ≤ 1) as p varies, where ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization returns a vector with the least ℓ<sub>p</sub> quasi norm among all the vectors x satisfying Ax = y. Besides analyzing the performance of strong recovery where ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization is re quired to recover all the sparse vectors up to certain sparsity, we also for the first time analyze the performance of "weak" recovery of ℓ<sub>p</sub> -minimization (0 ≤ p <; 1) where the aim is to recover all the sparse vectors on one support with a fixed sign pattern. When α(:= <sup>m</sup>/<sub>n</sub>) → 1, we provide sharp thresholds of the sparsity ratio (i.e., percentage of nonzero entries of a vector) that differentiates the success and failure via ℓ<sub>p</sub> -minimization. For strong recovery, the threshold strictly decreases from 0.5 to 0.239 as p increases from 0 to 1. Surprisingly, for weak recovery, the threshold is 2/3 for all p in [0, 1), while the threshold is 1 for ℓ<sub>1</sub>-minimization. We also explicitly demonstrate that ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization (p <; 1) can re turn a denser solution than ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization. For any a G (0.1), we provide bounds of the sparsity ratio for strong recovery and weak recovery, respectively, below which ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization succeeds. Our bound of strong recovery improves on the existing bounds when a is large. In particular, regarding the recovery threshold, this paper argues that ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization has a higher threshold with smaller p for strong recovery; the threshold is the same for all p for sectional recovery; and ℓ<sub>p</sub> -minimization can outperform ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization for weak recovery. These are in contrast to traditional wisdom that ℓ<sub>p</sub>-minimization, though computationally more expensive, always has better sparse recovery ability than ℓ<sub>0</sub> -minimization since it is closer to ℓ<sub>1</sub>-minimization. Finally, we provide an intuitive explanation to our findings. Numerical examples are also used to un ambiguously confirm and illustrate the theoretical predictions.
Singapore Primary Students’ Pursuit of Multiple Achievement Goals: A Latent Profile Analysis

Based on measures of approach and avoidance mastery and performance goals delineated in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework, this study utilized a person-centered approach to examine Singapore primary students’ (N = 819) multiple goals pursuit in the general school context. Latent profile analysis identified six types of students with distinct patterns of achievement goal motivation: high goal-oriented (strong multiple goals), average goal-oriented (moderate multiple goals), low goal-oriented (weak multiple goals), performance and approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, high performance-avoidance, low mastery-avoidance), approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, low mastery- and performance-avoidance), and mastery-oriented (moderate mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance, low performance-approach and performance-avoidance). Significant profile differences were detected in various measures of deep and surface learning strategies, metacognitive strategies, and mathematics test performance. The high goal-oriented profile appeared to be the most adaptive in relation to these learning outcomes, followed by the performance and approach-oriented, the mastery-oriented, and the approach-oriented profiles.
Efficient image retrieval with multiple distance measures

There is a growing need for the ability to query image databases based on image content rather than strict keyword search. Most current image database systems that perform query by content require a distance computation for each image in the database. Distance computations can be time consuming, limiting the usability of such systems. There is thus a need for indexing systems and algorithms that can eliminate candidate images without performing distance calculations. As user needs may change from session to session, there is also a need for run-time creation of distance measures. In this paper, we introduce FIDS, or `Flexible Image Database System. ' FIDS allows the user to query the database based on user-defined polynomial combinations of predefined distance measures. Using an indexing scheme and algorithms based on the triangle inequality, FIDS can return matches to the query image without directly comparing the query images to much of the database. FIDS is currently being tested on a database of eighteen hundred images.
Introduction to the AdS/CFT correspondence

This chapter provides a summary of some of the most important aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence, together with pointers to some of the vast number of papers that have been published on this subject. The AdS/CFT correspondence is one of the most exciting discoveries in theoretical physics of the past 20 years, providing a framework in which it is possible to study strongly coupled field theories using weakly coupled gravity, and at the same time yielding a non-perturbative definition of quantum gravity in anti-de Sitter space.
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment through Stromal Derived Factor-1 Signaling in Fracture Healing

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proven effective in promoting fracture healing but the underlying mechanisms are not fully depicted. We examined the effect of LIPUS on the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the pivotal role of stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4) pathway in response to LIPUS stimulation, which are essential factors in bone fracture healing. For in vitro study, isolated rat MSCs were divided into control or LIPUS group. LIPUS treatment was given 20 minutes/day at 37°C for 3 days. Control group received sham LIPUS treatment. After treatment, intracellular CXCR4 mRNA, SDF-1 mRNA and secreted SDF-1 protein levels were quantified, and MSCs migration was evaluated with or without blocking SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway by AMD3100. For in vivo study, fractured 8-week-old young rats received intracardiac administration of MSCs were assigned to LIPUS treatment, LIPUS+AMD3100 treatment or vehicle control group. The migration of transplanted MSC to the fracture site was investigated by ex vivo fluorescent imaging. SDF-1 protein levels at fracture site and in serum were examined. Fracture healing parameters, including callus morphology, micro-architecture of the callus and biomechanical properties of the healing bone were investigated. The in vitro results showed that LIPUS upregulated SDF-1 and CXCR4 expressions in MSCs, and elevated SDF-1 protein level in the conditioned medium. MSCs migration was promoted by LIPUS and partially inhibited by AMD3100. In vivo study demonstrated that LIPUS promoted MSCs migration to the fracture site, which was associated with an increase of local and serum SDF-1 level, the changes in callus formation, and the improvement of callus microarchitecture and mechanical properties; whereas the blockade of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling attenuated the LIPUS effects on the fractured bones. These results suggested SDF-1 mediated MSCs migration might be one of the crucial mechanisms through which LIPUS exerted influence on fracture healing.
Fibrin sheath removal from central venous catheters: an internal snare manoeuvre.

BACKGROUND Dysfunction of haemodialysis catheters is most commonly due to a narrowing of the catheter lumen and/or formation of a fibrin sheath around the catheter tip. Reported methods for restoring patency of the catheter lumen include passage of a J-tipped guide wire, passage of a biopsy brush through the catheter, or infusion of a thrombolytic agent into the catheter. While these methods are often effective, they suffer from several limitations. We present a minimally invasive technique to remove thrombi and debris from within the lumen of a partially thrombosed haemodialysis catheter while simultaneously stripping the fibrous sheath. METHODS A 0.089 cm nitinol wire is bent to create a loop, which is then inserted via the catheters. Upon exiting the lumen of the catheters, the nitinol wire forces a snare open, which disrupts the fibrin sheath and catches intraluminal thrombi and debris. The technique requires no anaesthesia or recovery time. RESULTS Initial clinical success in our series was achieved in all patients (7/7) as evidenced by restoration of target flow rates on subsequent haemodialysis. None of the patients experienced any complications as a result of the procedure. The catheter 2-, 4-, and 6-week primary success rates were 100% (8/8), 100% (8/8), and 100% (8/8) respectively with a mean duration of 17.1 weeks (range 8-40 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The internal snare technique is an effective, inexpensive and minimally invasive approach to restoring patency to failed central venous access catheters.
Extremely Metal-Poor Stars. VIII. High-Resolution, High Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis of Five Stars with [Fe/H] ≲ –3.5

High-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (⟨S/N⟩ = 85) spectra have been obtained for five stars, CD -24°17504, CD -38°245, CS 22172-002, CS 22885-096, and CS 22949-037, having [Fe/H] ≲ -3.5 according to previous lower S/N material. LTE model atmosphere techniques are used to determine [Fe/H] and relative abundances, or their limits, for some 18 elements, and to constrain more tightly the early enrichment history of the Galaxy than is possible based on previous analyses. We compare our results with high-quality higher abundance literature data for other metal-poor stars and with the canonical Galactic chemical enrichment results of Timmes and colleagues and obtain the following basic results. (1) Large supersolar values of [C/Fe] and [N/Fe], not predicted by the canonical models, exist at lowest abundance. For C at least, the result is difficult to attribute to internal mixing effects. (2) We confirm that there is no upward trend in [α/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H], in contradistinction to some reports of the behavior of [O/Fe]. (3) The abundances of aluminum, after correction for non-LTE effects, are in fair accord with theoretical prediction. (4) We confirm earlier results concerning the Fe peak elements that [Cr/Fe] and [Mn/Fe] decrease at lowest abundance while [Co/Fe] increases, behaviors that had not been predicted. We find, however, that [Ni/Fe] does not vary with [Fe/H], and at [Fe/H] ~ -3.7, [Ni/Fe] = 0.08 ± 0.06. This result appears to be inconsistent with the supernova models of Nakamura and colleagues that seek to understand the observed behavior of the Fe peak elements by varying the position of the model mass cut relative to the Si-burning regions. (5) The heavy neutron capture elements Sr and Ba exhibit a large scatter, with the effect being larger for Sr than Ba. The disparate behavior of these two elements has been attributed to the existence of (at least) two different mechanisms for their production. (6) For the remarkable object CS 22949-037, we confirm the result of McWilliam and colleagues that [C/Fe], [Mg/Fe], and [Si/Fe] are supersolar by ~1.0 dex. Further, we find [N/Fe] = 2.7 ± 0.4. None of these results are understandable within the framework of standard models. We discuss them in terms of partial ejection of supernova mantles and massive (200-500 M☉) zero heavy-element hypernovae. The latter model actually predicted overproduction of N and underproduction of Fe peak elements. (7) We use robust techniques to determine abundance trends as a function of [Fe/H]. In most cases one sees an apparent upturn in the dispersion of relative abundance [X/Fe] for [Fe/H] < -2.5. It remains unclear whether this is a real effect or one driven by observational error. The question needs to be resolved with a much larger and homogeneous data set, both to improve the quality of the data and to understand the role of unusual stars such as CS 22949-037.
Immune Status in Very Preterm Neonates

OBJECTIVES: Preterm neonates are at increased risk of sepsis compared with those born at term. We investigated immune status at birth and early neonatal life in very preterm neonates and its association with short-term outcomes. METHODS: Prospective observational study conducted at a university hospital recruiting 113 preterm neonates (23–32 weeks) and 78 controls. Monocyte major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, serum, and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulated levels of six cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70) were measured in umbilical cord blood and over the first 7 days. The presence of neonatal sepsis and histologic chorioamnionitis was recorded. RESULTS: Prematurity (preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes cohorts), neonatal sepsis, and histologic chorioamnionitis were associated with significant reduction in monocyte MHC class II expression. Neonates who had evidence of subsequent protracted sepsis had low levels of MHC class II expression at birth. Serial monocyte MHC class II expression revealed a fall by day 2, in all preterm neonates, with the degree being influenced by both prematurity and sepsis, and incomplete recovery by day 7, suggesting immunoparalysis in preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor cohorts. Whole blood lipopolysaccharide stimulation assay showed significantly lower tumor necrosis factor α, values in preterm neonates who subsequently developed sepsis indicating a degree of immunoparalysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the concept that fetal exposure to inflammation before preterm delivery leads to subsequent endotoxin hyporesponsiveness (immunoparalysis), which increases the risk of subsequent sepsis and associated organ dysfunction.
Di¤erentiable Strategy-Proof Mechanisms for Private and Public Goods in Domains that are not Necessarily Large or Quasi-Linear

In this paper we develop a di¤erentiable approach to deal with incentives in a, possibly small, subset of a general domain of preferences in economies with one public and one private good. We show that, for two agents, there is no mechanism which is e¢ cient, strategy-proof and where consumption of both goods is positive for all agents. For the case of two or more agents the same result occurs when nondictatorship is replaced by Individual Rationality. Journal of Economic Literature Classi cation Numbers: D61, D78, H41. We are very grateful to Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Carmen Beviá, Xavier Calsamiglia, Marco Celentani, Bernardo Moreno, Antonio Romero-Medina, William Thomson, Walter Trockel, an associate editor, three anonymous referees and participants at seminars at Universities of Alicante, Autónoma de Barcelona and Rochester and the Spanish Economic Association meeting in Sevilla for very helpful comments and suggestions.
Dark matter distribution in dwarf spheroidal galaxies

We study the distribution of dark matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies by modelling the moments of their line-of-sight velocity distributions. We discuss diﬀerent dark matter density proﬁles, both cuspy and possessing ﬂat density cores. The predictions are made in the framework of standard dynamical theory of two-component (stars and dark matter) spherical systems with diﬀerent velocity distributions. We compare the predicted velocity dispersion proﬁles to observations in the case of Fornax and Draco dwarfs. For isotropic models the dark haloes with cores are found to ﬁt the data better than those with cusps. Anisotropic models are studied by ﬁtting two parameters, dark mass and velocity anisotropy, to the data. In this case all proﬁles yield good ﬁts but the steeper the cusp of the proﬁle, the more tangential is the velocity distribution required to ﬁt the data. To resolve this well-known degeneracy of density proﬁle versus velocity anisotropy we obtain predictions for the kurtosis of the line-of-sight velocity distribution for models found to provide best ﬁts to the velocity dispersion proﬁles. It turns out that proﬁles with cores typically yield higher values of kurtosis which decrease more steeply with distance than the cuspy proﬁles, which will allow to discriminate between the proﬁles once the kurtosis measurements become available. We also show that with present quality of the data the alternative explanation of velocity dispersions in terms of Modiﬁed Newtonian Dynamics cannot yet be ruled out.
Testing for the fairness and predictive validity of research funding decisions: A multilevel multiple imputation for missing data approach using ex‐ante and ex‐post peer evaluation data from the Austrian science fund

It is essential for research funding organizations to ensure both the validity and fairness of the grant approval procedure. The ex‐ante peer evaluation (EXANTE) of N = 8,496 grant applications submitted to the Austrian Science Fund from 1999 to 2009 was statistically analyzed. For 1,689 funded research projects an ex‐post peer evaluation (EXPOST) was also available; for the rest of the grant applications a multilevel missing data imputation approach was used to consider verification bias for the first time in peer‐review research. Without imputation, the predictive validity of EXANTE was low (r = .26) but underestimated due to verification bias, and with imputation it was r = . 49. That is, the decision‐making procedure is capable of selecting the best research proposals for funding. In the EXANTE there were several potential biases (e.g., gender). With respect to the EXPOST there was only one real bias (discipline‐specific and year‐specific differential prediction). The novelty of this contribution is, first, the combining of theoretical concepts of validity and fairness with a missing data imputation approach to correct for verification bias and, second, multilevel modeling to test peer review‐based funding decisions for both validity and fairness in terms of potential and real biases.
Psychometric Properties of the Slovak Version of sEMBU on General Adult Sample

Abstract The factorial stability and reliability of the 23-item s(short)- EMBU previously demonstrated to be satisfactory in the samples of students from Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy (1999), East-Germany and Sweden (Arrindell et al., 2001). The Slovak translation of the original sEMBU was published in 2007 (Poliaková, Mojžišová, & Hašto, 2007). We decided to explore the psychometric properties of the translation of sEMBU on a general adult sample (N=970) in Slovakia, because the translated version of sEMBU is already utilized in research projects in Slovakia. The results show a very good alpha reliability of sEMBU. In the Slovak translation, we found similar scores of Rejection and Emotional warmth and Overprotection. A factor analysis with forced 3-factor solution sorted items to scales exactly as authors of sEMBU presupposed. Overprotection (father) has the highest share for classification and differentiation in the cluster. Emotional warmth (mother) has the highest share for classification and differentiation in the cluster. We discussed our results with the results from other studies and we suggest to continue in the research of the Slovak version of sEMBU focused on types of attachment, especially on the secure type of attachment.
Employee Embeddedness and Turnover Intentions: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Commute Time and Family Embeddedness

This study aims to investigate the moderating effects of commute time, availability of nearby replacement jobs, and family embeddedness to the relationship between employee embeddedness and turnover intentions. Employee embeddedness includes organizational and community embeddedness. Previous studies showed that employee embeddedness is a good predictor of turnover. However, other studies have subsequently demonstrated different results in employee embeddedness-turnover relationship. The present study hypothesizes that commute time, availability of nearby replacement jobs, and family embeddedness moderate the relationship between employee embeddednessturnover intentions. Data were obtained from a sample of 330 full-time employed nurses in two hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Results showed that commute time and family embeddedness moderated the organizational embeddednessturnover intention relationship. Availability of nearby replacement jobs did not moderate employee embeddedness turnover intentions. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Mandarin verbal information verification

As a new approach of automatic speaker authentication [1], VIV has manifested excellent performance in English, which turns to be complementary with speaker verification. In this paper, we study the VIV for users who speak Mandarin Chinese, the most widely used language in the world. We present our methodologies to build target acoustic models and anti-models for Mandarin VIV. In our experiments of 50 Chinese speakers, the EER reaches 0.00% with robust interval of 8.2%, which indicates that our Mandarin VIV technologies are promising for Mandarin speaker authentication.