Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Freedom From Atrial Tachyarrhythmias After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Comparison Between 2 Current Ablation Strategies

Background—Data on the comparative value of the circumferential pulmonary vein and the segmental pulmonary vein ablation for interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation are limited. We hypothesized that the circumferential pulmonary vein ablation approach was superior to the segmental pulmonary vein ablation approach. Methods and Results—One hundred patients with highly symptomatic atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned to undergo either circumferential (n=50) or segmental pulmonary vein ablation (n=50). Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias in a 7-day Holter monitoring at 6 months was the primary end point. Secondary end points were freedom of arrhythmia-related symptoms and a composite of pericardial tamponade, thromboembolic complications, and pulmonary vein stenosis (safety end point). On the basis of the results of the 7-day Holter monitoring at 6 months, 21 patients (42%) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation and 33 patients (66%) after segmental pulmonary vein ablation (P=0.02) were free of atrial tachyarrhythmia episodes. During the 6-month follow-up period, 27 patients (54%) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation and 41 patients (82%) after segmental pulmonary vein ablation remained free of arrhythmia-related symptoms (P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the safety end point (6 versus 7 events; P=0.77) in the circumferential versus segmental pulmonary vein ablation group, respectively. Conclusions—This study demonstrates no superiority of the circumferential pulmonary vein ablation over segmental pulmonary vein ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in terms of efficacy and safety.
Differential Training Facilitates Early Consolidation in Motor Learning

Current research demonstrates increased learning rates in differential learning (DL) compared to repetitive training. To date, little is known on the underlying neurophysiological processes in DL that contribute to superior performance over repetitive practice. In the present study, we measured electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activation patterns after DL and repetitive badminton serve training. Twenty-four semi-professional badminton players performed badminton serves in a DL and repetitive training schedule in a within-subjects design. EEG activity was recorded from 19 electrodes according to the 10–20 system before and immediately after each 20-min exercise. Increased theta activity was obtained in contralateral parieto-occipital regions after DL. Further, increased posterior alpha activity was obtained in DL compared to repetitive training. Results indicate different underlying neuronal processes in DL and repetitive training with a higher involvement of parieto-occipital areas in DL. We argue that DL facilitates early consolidation in motor learning indicated by post-training increases in theta and alpha activity. Further, brain activation patterns indicate somatosensory working memory processes where attentional resources are allocated in processing of somatosensory information in DL. Reinforcing a somatosensory memory trace might explain increased motor learning rates in DL. Finally, this memory trace is more stable against interference from internal and external disturbances that afford executively controlled processing such as attentional processes.
Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Mapping

ABC Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 E-mail karger@karger.ch www.karger. com © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel 0301–0171/01/0924–0248$17.50/0 Accessible online at: www.karger. com/journals/ccg Abstract. A complete comparative chromosome map of the white-browed gibbon (Hylobates hoolock, 2n = 38), whitecheeked gibbon (Hylobates leucogenys, 2n = 52), and human has been established by hybridising H. leucogenys chromosome-specific paints and human 24-colour paints onto H. hoolock metaphase chromosomes. In the 18 H. hoolock autosomes, we identified 62 conserved segments that showed DNA homology to regions of the 25 H. leucogenys autosomes. Numerous interchromosomal rearrangements differentiate the karyotypes of H. leucogenys and H. hoolock. Only H. hoolock chromosome 10 showed homology to one entire autosome of H. leucogenys. The hybridisation of human 24-colour paints not only confirmed most of the chromosome correspondences between human and H. hoolock established previously but also helped to correct five erroneous assignments and revealed three new segments. Our results demonstrate that the karyotypes of the extant gibbons have arisen mainly through extensive translocation events and that the karyotype of H. hoolock more closely resembles the ancestral karyotype of Hylobates, rather than the karyotype of H. leucogenys.
Job Search Models, the Duration of Unemployment, and the Asking Wage: Some Empirical Evidence

Three recent untested theoretical models of the wage setting behavior of the unemployed jobseeker by Gronau, Mortensen, and McCall are compared. While the Mortensen model predicts that the minimum asking wage is constant over the duration of unemployment, the models of Gronau and McCall, for different reasons, predict that the minimum asking wage declines over the duration of unemployment. Data from a sample of unemployed jobseekers are used to test the alternative implications. The McCall model, emphasizing downward flexibility in the minimum asking wage in response to revised wage expectations over the duration of unemployment, is the best description of the wage setting behavior of unemployed jobseekers. The search for the microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics has called attention to the wage setting behavior of the unemployed jobseeker. This wage setting behavior has been analyzed as neoclassical maximizing behavior, given incomplete knowledge of demand. Several competing theoretical models have been offered. Dale T. Mortensen has advanced a search model which implies the jobseeker's minimum asking wage would remain constant throughout the duration of search and unemployment [6]. More recently, Reuben Gronau has developed a search model in which he showed that an unemployed job-hunter would reduce his minimum asking wage over the duration of unemployment [3]. Earlier, J. J. McCall [5] proposed a job search model in which a job-hunter lowered his minimum asking wage over the duration of unemployment for a reason other than that suggested by Gronau. The different implications of the The author is currently a Brookings Economic Policy Fellow, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. * The author wishes to thank Edward D. Kalachek, H. Gregg Lewis, Ethel B. Jones, and the referees for helpful comments. [Manuscript received March 1974; accepted October 1974. ] The Journal of Human Resources * X 2 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.27 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 05:50:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Human capital in growth regressions

We construct a revised version of the Barro and Lee (1996) data set for a sample of OECD countries using previously unexploited sources and following a heuristic approach to obtain plausible time profiles for attainment levels by removing sharp breaks in the data that seem to reflect changes in classification criteria. It is then shown that these revised data perform much better than the Barro and Lee (1996) or Nehru et al. (1995) series in a number of growth specifications. We interpret these results as an indication that poor data quality may be behind counterintuitive findings in the recent literature on the (lack of) relationship between educational investment and growth. Using our preferred empirical specification, we also show that the contribution of TFP to cross-country productivity differentials is substantial and that its importance relative to differences in factor stocks increases over time .
Colonoscopy with Polypectomy in Patients Taking Clopidogrel

Background and Aims To investigate the bleeding risk of colonoscopy with polypectomy in patients taking clopidogrel. Methods Retrospective review of patients undergoing colonoscopy with polypectomy without interruption of clopidogrel. Patients with lesions larger than 1cm were generally rescheduled for polypectomy off clopidogrel. Most of the polyps were removed using cold snare technique. Endoscopic clips were routinely applied prophylactically. Results A total of 125 polypectomies were performed in 60 patients. The average polyp size was 5.4 ± 2.1 mm. One patient (1.7%, CI 0.3-8.9%) developed post-polypectomy bleeding that resolved without treatment. Three patients (5%, CI 1.7-14%) had immediate bleeding during the procedure and all resolved with prompt clip application. Conclusions Polypectomy of lesions up to 1cm in size can be performed without interruption of clopidogrel.
The weak shock in the core of the Perseus cluster

The dissipation of energy from sound waves and weak shocks is one of the most promising mechanisms for coupling active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity to the surrounding intracluster medium, and so offsetting cooling in cluster cores. We present a detailed analysis of the weak shock found in deep Chandra observations of the Perseus cluster core. A comparison of the spectra either side of the shock front shows that they are very similar. By performing a deprojection analysis of a sector containing the shock, we produce temperature and density profiles across the shock front. These show no evidence for a temperature jump coincident with the density jump. To understand this result, we model the shock formation using 1D hydrodynamic simulations including models with thermal conduction and γ < 5/3 gas. These models do not agree well with the data, suggesting that further physics is needed to explain the shock structure. We suggest that an interaction between the shock and the Hα filaments could have a significant effect on cooling the post-shock gas. We also calculate the thermal energy liberated by the weak shock. The total energy in the shocked region is about 3.5 times the work needed to inflate the bubbles adiabatically, and the power of the shock is around 6 × 1044 erg s−1 per bubble, just over 1045 erg s−1 in total.
Empowering Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Psychological Empowerment and Emotional Intelligence in Medical Service Industry

This study aims to investigate the effect of empowering leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through psychological empowerment and emotional intelligence. After analyzing 125 sets of the employee for collecting data in the medical service industry of Jepara district – Indonesia, this study found that empowering leadership was related to OCB. In addition, this study further found that psychological empowerment and emotional intelligence served as significant mediating in the relationship between empowering leadership and OCB.
Effects of maternal carotenoid availability in relation to sex, parasite infection and health status of nestling kestrels (Falco tinnunculus)

SUMMARY Mothers can strongly influence the development of their offspring, and if maternal resources are limited, they may influence optimal reproductive strategies. In birds, maternally deposited carotenoids are a prominent component of egg yolk and are vital for the development of the embryo. However, results of long-lasting fitness consequences of this early nutritional environment have been scarce and inconsistent. In addition, sex-biased sensitivity to different egg components is one of the mechanisms postulated to account for sex-linked environmental vulnerability during early life. However, this important aspect is usually not accounted for when investigating maternal investment in carotenoids. In this study we gave carotenoid (lutein) supplements to female Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) before and during egg laying. The experiment increased female plasma carotenoids, but this effect was not apparent in hatchling and fledgling plasma carotenoid concentration. Also, results showed that carotenoid supplementation increased the high density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein ratio in adult females, suggesting that dietary carotenoids may influence lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the effect of the treatment was manifested in several nestling health state parameters. Nestlings of carotenoid-supplemented females were infested by less intestinal parasite groups, had higher lymphocyte concentrations in blood plasma, and were less stressed (heterophile to lymphocyte ratio) than control nestlings. In addition, an interaction between the experimental treatment and nestling sex was apparent for globulin concentrations, favouring the smaller male nestlings. Thereby, suggesting that males benefited more than females from an increase in maternal carotenoid investment. Our study shows that an increase in carotenoids in the maternal diet during egg laying favours nestling development in kestrels, and may also affect nestlings in a sex-specific way.
Age-related changes in mitochondrial membrane composition of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus 1 mykiss ) heart and brain 2

Age-related changes in mitochondrial membrane composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart and brain, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part B: process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Running title: Heart and brain mitochondrial membrane composition in fish 24 2 Abstract 25 Membrane composition, particularly of mitochondria, could be a critical factor by determining the 26 propagation of reactions involved in mitochondrial function during periods of high oxidative stress 27 such as rapid growth and aging. Considering that phospholipids not only contribute to the structural 28 and physical properties of biological membranes, but also participate actively in cell signalling and 29 apoptosis, changes affecting either class or fatty acid compositions could affect phospholipid 30 properties and, thus, alter mitochondrial function and cell viability. In the present study, heart and 31 brain mitochondrial membrane phospholipid compositions were analysed in rainbow trout during the 32 four first years of life, a period characterized by rapid growth and a sustained high metabolic rate. 33 Specifically, farmed fish of three ages (1-, 2-and 4-years) were studied, and phospholipid class 34 compositions of heart and brain mitochondria, and fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipid 35 classes were determined. Rainbow trout heart and brain mitochondria showed different phospholipid 36 compositions (class and fatty acid), likely related to tissue-specific functions. Furthermore, changes in 37 phospholipid class and fatty acid compositions with age were also tissue-dependent. Heart 38 mitochondria had lower proportions of cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS) and 39 phosphatidylinositol, and higher levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine 40 (PE) with age. Heart mitochondrial membranes became more unsaturated with age, with a 41 significative increase of peroxidation index in CL, PS and sphingomyelin (SM). Therefore, heart 42 mitochondria became more susceptible to oxidative damage with age. In contrast, brain mitochondrial 43 PC and PS content decreased in 4-year-old animals while there was an increase in the proportion of 44 SM. The three main phospholipid classes in brain (PC, PE and PS) showed decreased n-3 45 polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and peroxidation index, which indicate a different 46 response of brain mitochondrial lipids to rapid growth and maturation. 47 48 49
A new approach to measuring individual differences in sensitivity to facial expressions: influence of temperamental shyness and sociability

To examine individual differences in adults’ sensitivity to facial expressions, we used a novel method that has proved revealing in studies of developmental change. Using static faces morphed to show different intensities of facial expressions, we calculated two measures: (1) the threshold to detect that a low intensity facial expression is different from neutral, and (2) accuracy in recognizing the specific facial expression in faces above the detection threshold. We conducted two experiments with young adult females varying in reported temperamental shyness and sociability – the former trait is known to influence the recognition of facial expressions during childhood. In both experiments, the measures had good split half reliability. Because shyness was significantly negatively correlated with sociability, we used partial correlations to examine the relation of each to sensitivity to facial expressions. Sociability was negatively related to threshold to detect fear (Experiment 1) and to misidentify fear as another expression or happy expressions as fear (Experiment 2). Both patterns are consistent with hypervigilance by less sociable individuals. Shyness was positively related to misidentification of fear as another emotion (Experiment 2), a pattern consistent with a history of avoidance. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this new approach for studying individual differences in sensitivity to facial expressions.
Centered and eccentric geomagnetic dipoles and their poles, 1600–1985

Using a unified approach, expressions are derived for the various pole positions and other dipole parameters for the centered and eccentric dipole models of the earth's magnetic field. The pole positions and other parameters are then calculated using the 1945–1985 International Geomagnetic Reference Field Gauss coefficients and coefficients from models of the earth's field for earlier epochs. Comparison is made between (1) the recent pole positions and those pertaining since 1600 and (2) the various theoretical pole positions and the observed dip pole positions.
Differential effect of motivational features on training improvements in school-based cognitive training

Cognitive training often utilizes game-like motivational features to keep participants engaged. It is unclear how these elements, such as feedback, reward, and theming impact player performance during training. Recent research suggests that motivation and engagement are closely related to improvements following cognitive training. We hypothesized that training paradigms featuring game-like motivational elements would be more effective than a version with no motivational elements. Five distinct motivational features were chosen for examination: a real-time scoring system, theme changes, prizes, end-of-session certificates, and scaffolding to explain the lives and leveling system included in the game. One version of the game was created with all these motivational elements included, and one was created with all of them removed. Other versions removed a single element at a time. Seven versions of a game-like n-back working memory task were then created and administered to 128 students in second through eight grade at school-based summer camps in southeastern Michigan. The inclusion of real-time scoring during play, a popular motivational component in both entertainment games and cognitive training, was found to negatively impact training improvements over the three day period. Surprisingly, scaffolding to explain lives and levels also negatively impacted training gains. The other game adjustments did not significantly impact training improvement compared to the original version of the game with all features included. These findings are preliminary and are limited by both the small sample size and the brevity of the intervention. Nonetheless, these findings suggest that certain motivational elements may distract from the core cognitive training task, reducing task improvement, especially at the initial stage of learning.
Public perspectives on communication disorders and profession of speech-language pathology

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward communication disorders and speech-language pathology among the general public in Malaysia. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of items related to knowledge and attitudes about communication disorders and speech-language pathology was distributed via Google form and a paper-pencil format. A total of 535 responses were obtained. Descriptive analyses based on the comparison of the demographics to the knowledge and attitude levels were conducted using inferential statistics. More than half of the respondents showed a moderate knowledge level about communication disorders and a high knowledge about speech-language pathology. In terms of attitudes, 67.3% of the respondents perceived a positive attitude towards people with communication disorders, and 86.5% of them were generally positive regarding the profession of speech-language pathology. Health professionals demonstrated a higher knowledge level and more positive attitudes toward communication disorders and speech-language pathology compared to other professions (teachers/services, business, engineers, and jobless/retired). Additionally, respondents with a higher educational level (masters or Ph.D. holders) had greater knowledge about speech-language pathology and more positive attitudes toward communication disorders compared to those who were primary or secondary school graduates. Providing more education and awareness programs about communication disorders and speech-language pathology to the general public should be implemented to improve current practices and expectations in service delivery.
Design of reduced-order observer-based emulation controllers for dynamically positioned ships

Nonlinear sampled-data stabilization of dynamically positioned ships is considered by reduced-order observer-based emulation controllers. Using a backstepping technique, continuous-time state feedback stabilizing feedback laws for ships are designed and then under natural detectability assumption for ships linear time-invariant continuous-time reduced-order observers are obtained. Then combining an emulation of the designed state feedback laws and the exact discretization of the obtained observers, the output feedback semiglobal practical asymptotic stabilizing controllers are given for sampled-data dynamically positioned ships. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed design method.
Order‐restricted hypothesis testing in a variation of the normal mixture model

This paper examines likelihood‐ratio tests concerning the relationships among a fixed number of univariate normal means given a sample of normal observations whose population membership is uncertain. The asymptotic null distributions of likelihood‐ratio test statistics are derived for a class of tests including hypotheses which place linear inequality constraints on the normal means. The use of such tests in the interval mapping of quantitative trait loci is addressed.