Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoiding abdominal flank bulge after anterolateral approaches to the thoracolumbar spine: cadaveric study and electrophysiological investigation.

OBJECT The thoracolumbar junction is frequently accessed through an anterolateral approach with the incision and muscle dissection extending from the lower thoracic region to the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. This approach is frequently associated with the subsequent development of an unsightly and uncomfortable relaxation of the ipsilateral abdominal wall, or flank bulge, caused by denervation injury to the intercostal nerves. However, the etiology of this complication is not widely recognized by spine surgeons. The object of this study was to better define the relevant anatomy and innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall musculature. METHODS The authors performed 32 cadaveric dissections and 6 intraoperative electromyography (EMG) evaluations. RESULTS The cadaveric dissection studies and intraoperative EMG evaluations provided detailed anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall and its innervation. Cadaveric dissections revealed that the most significant intercostal nerve contributions to the anterolateral abdominal wall arise from T11 and T12. Electrophysiological confirmation of these findings was accomplished through intraoperative stimulation in 6 patients undergoing anterolateral retroperitoneal approaches to the thoracolumbar junction. The authors confirmed T11 and T12 innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall musculature by direct intraoperative EMG recording in all 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS The authors classified the 3 potential zones of injury that can be affected during an anterolateral approach to the thoracolumbar junction. Modifications to the operative technique are suggested to avoid the complication of flank bulge. The most significant intercostal nerve contributions to the anterolateral abdominal wall arise from T11 and T12.
Effects of temperature on anti-predator behaviour in the guppy,
 Poecilia reticulata
 


Warmer environmental temperatures are likely to increase the frequency of predator-prey interactions in ectothermic animals, and therefore might be expected to influence anti-predator behaviour. In a first experiment, groups of recently fed guppies, placed in a novel environment, schooled significantly more closely at 26 degrees than at 22 degreesC. Changes in two of three measures of schooling tendency over time indicated that aggregation increased during the trial periods, probably as a result of increased familiarity within the experimental groups. In a second experiment, pairs of female guppies were tested at 22 degrees and 26 degreesC, with and without predation threat from a confined cichlid. From multifactor analysis of 18 behaviour types, temperature was shown to affect behavioural time budgets profoundly, particularly in the presence of the predator. At the higher temperature, a shift occurred from inactive anti-predator behaviours and minimal foraging activity towards active predator inspection-related behaviours and a much higher level of feeding. Guppies in the warmer water might have been physically able to school more closely as a result of faster swimming ability, or might have used temperature as a cue indicating higher potential predation risk, and aggregated accordingly. The use of temperature as a source of information about the biotic environment is discussed. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Early language processing efficiency predicts later receptive vocabulary outcomes in children born preterm

As rates of prematurity continue to rise, identifying which preterm children are at increased risk for learning disabilities is a public health imperative. Identifying continuities between early and later skills in this vulnerable population can also illuminate fundamental neuropsychological processes that support learning in all children. At 18 months adjusted age, we used socioeconomic status (SES), medical variables, parent-reported vocabulary, scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition) language composite, and children’s lexical processing speed in the looking-while-listening (LWL) task as predictor variables in a sample of 30 preterm children. Receptive vocabulary as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (fourth edition) at 36 months was the outcome. Receptive vocabulary was correlated with SES, but uncorrelated with degree of prematurity or a composite of medical risk. Importantly, lexical processing speed was the strongest predictor of receptive vocabulary (r = −.81), accounting for 30% unique variance. Individual differences in lexical processing efficiency may be able to serve as a marker for information processing skills that are critical for language learning.
Work—Life Balance and Burnout as Predictors of Job Satisfaction in the IT-ITES Industry

Organisations today strive to augment job satisfaction in the workforce for it is conducive to lower employee turnover, higher engagement and greater productivity. The present study examines the impact of work life balance and burnout on job satisfaction in the context of the Information Technology (IT) and IT Enabled Services (ITES) industries. Burnout is measured through three dimensions, i.e., meaninglessness, de-motivation, and exhaustion. The findings reveal that while work-life balance and job satisfaction were positively related to each other, de-motivation, exhaustion and meaninglessness were negatively related to job satisfaction. The significant contribution to job satisfaction came from work life balance in both the IT and ITES industries. However, it was higher in the ITES group compared to the IT group. Further, findings show that job satisfaction was higher among the male respondents in comparison to the female respondents. Interestingly, the IT group had lower work-life balance and job satisfaction, while it had higher meaninglessness, de-motivation and exhaustion compared to the ITES group. The findings and implications of the study for enhancing employee satisfaction are discussed and future research directions are pointed out.
Poly[[diaquahexa-μ-cyanido-cerium(III)ferrate(III)] dihydrate]

In the structure of the title complex, {[CeFe(CN)6(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, the CeIII and FeIII atoms exhibit square antiprismatic [CeN6(H2O)2] (site symmetry m2m) and octahedral [FeC6] (site symmetry 2/m) coordination geometries, respectively. The metal atoms are linked alternately through the cyanide groups, forming a three-dimensional framework in which the {Ce2Fe2(CN)4} puckered square unit is the basic building block. The crystal packing is enforced by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, including the uncoordinated water molecule which is located on a mirror plane.
The Role of Mentoring Others in the Career Plateauing Phenomenon

The purpose of the present study is to investigate relationships between mentoring others, perceptions of career plateauing, and job attitudes. A total of 306 government employees located in the southeastern United States completed surveys (50.08% response rate). Of these, 110 reported experience as a mentor. As expected, the results indicated that mentoring others was associated with more favorable job attitudes, whereas greater job content and hierarchical plateauing was associated with less favorable job attitudes. The results provided mixed support that mentoring others may alleviate the negative consequences associated with career plateauing. Specifically, the results indicated that mentor experience and psychosocial mentoring moderated the relationship for job content plateauing. Similar relationships were not found for hierarchical plateauing. Implications and future research suggestions are provided.
A MULTILEVEL TEST OF RACIAL THREAT THEORY

We develop a conceptual model articulating the mechanisms by which racial threat is theorized to affect social control, focusing specifically on the influence of the relative size of the black population on the likelihood that the police will arrest a black citizen suspected of a violent criminal offense. A multilevel analysis of 145, 255 violent crimes reported to police in 182 cities during 2000 shows only qualified support for racial threat theory. Controlling for the amount of race-specific crime reported to police, our findings reveal that black citizens actually have a lower probability of arrest in cities with a relatively large black population. This finding tends to cast doubt on the validity of the racial threat hypothesis. No evidence buttresses the claim that economic competition between whites and blacks affects arrest probabilities. However, results show that in cities where racial segregation is more pronounced blacks have a reduced risk sof being arrested relative to whites. Crimes involving black offenders and white victims are also more apt to result in an arrest in cities that are racially segregated. These findings support the view that racial segregation is an informal mechanism to circumscribe the threat of potentially volatile subordinate populations.
An empirical study to measure the relative efficiency and strategic planning using BSC-DEA and DEMATEL

Article history: Received October 15, 2011 Received in Revised form November, 14, 2011 Accepted 25 February 2012 Available online 9 March 2012 Performance evaluation is one of manager's main concerns in today competitive world, which covers all aspects and dimensions of organization and it is adequately flexible and measurable. So, the necessity of performance evaluation application for organizations where their intangible assets are higher than tangible ones, such as educational institutions, is more obviously observed. Balanced scorecard (BSC) is discussed by the aim of promoting manager's decision making and directing their attention toward extensive operational vision of organization compared to traditional measurement systems, which only include the financial measures. However, BSC is a qualitative approach and has some disadvantages and its integration by other quantitative techniques such as data envelopment analysis makes it more efficient. The proposed model of this paper uses DEMATEL technique as part of BSC-DEA model to empower strategic planning. The proposed model of this paper is applied for 10 zone university branches of Islamic Azad universities to provide an appropriate road map. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Business lecturers' perceptions of the nature of entrepreneurship

Purpose – To investigate possible connections between the ways in which university lecturers define the term “entrepreneurship” and the pedagogical methods they apply when teaching the subject.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 141 lecturers on entrepreneurship courses completed a questionnaire concerning meaning of the term “entrepreneurship”; the pedagogical techniques they employed when delivering entrepreneurship units; and their commitment to entrepreneurship as an academic discipline. The sample was analysed with respect to the respondents' subject areas (marketing, organisational behaviour, economics, etc.), amounts of business experience, types of employing institution, and socio‐demographic characteristics. An emerging model was tested using the technique of partial least squares.Findings – Lecturers' definitions of entrepreneurship were indeed influenced by their backgrounds and by the number of years they had worked in businesses. Few of the sample had ever owned an enterprise and, in gene.
Towards a model and methodology for assessing student learning outcomes and satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to introduce a conceptual model for assessing undergraduate student learning outcomes and satisfaction that involves concepts drawn from the services marketing and assessment literatures; second, to illustrate the utility of the model as implemented in an academic department (geography) within a large American university, and third, to demonstrate the applicability of the model by replicating the study at different scales: an entire undergraduate program (business administration) in a large Spanish university and another program (nursing) involving various universities of a Spanish region.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐method approach is used which comprises quadrant analysis, ANOVA tests and structural equation modeling techniques. A questionnaire was designed for data collection.Findings – The main finding is the support found for the proposed model at different scales. Results of the multi‐method approach provide specific guidelines to dep.
In vitro effect of microRNA-107 targeting Dkk-1 by regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteosarcoma

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the effects of microRNA-107 (miR-107) by targeting Dkk-1 on osteosarcoma (OS) via the Wnt/&bgr;-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: OS and adjacent tissues were collected from 67 patients diagnosed with OS. Expressions of miR-107, Dkk-1, LRP5, &bgr;-catenin, and c-Myc were detected by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to observe the relationship between miR-107 and Dkk-1.Transfected cells were divided into different investigating groups designated as Inhibitor, Mimic, siRNA, Inhibitor + siRNA, negative control (NC), and blank groups. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expressions of miR-107, Dkk-1, &bgr;-catenin, Bcl-2, c-Myc, Caspase-3, and PARP. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry (FCM), colony-formation efficiency (CFE), and subcutaneous tumorigenicity assays were all utilized for to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony-forming, and tumorigenic abilities. Results: Dkk-1 is the target gene of miR-107. Decreased expressions of miR-107, LRP5, &bgr;-catenin, and c-Myc, and increased expressions of Dkk-1 were found in OS tissues. The Mimic and siRNA groups exhibited decreased proliferation rates, colony-forming abilities, and tumorigenicity and increased apoptosis rates, whereas the inhibitor group showed opposite trends when compared to the blank group. On the other hand, expressions of miR-107, LRP5, &bgr;-catenin, c-Myc, Caspase-3, and PARP were all elevated in the mimic group, whereas expressions of Dkk-1 and Bcl-2 were reduced; opposite trends were observed in the inhibitor group. Conclusion: We conclude that miR-107 is likely to inhibit the occurrence and development of OS by down-regulating Dkk-1 via the Wnt/&bgr;-catenin signaling pathway, providing us with a new therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.
Sex Differences in Attitudes toward Nuclear War

This research considers the enduring, cross-cultural belief that women oppose war more than men do and seeks to disentangle it from competing explanations of anti-war attitudes. Focusing on correlates of pessimism and optimism about the imminence and survivability of nuclear war, support is found for hypotheses concerning psychic numbing, attenuated future plans, and political orientations, but not for hypotheses concerning hedonism and various demographic and background characteristics. The strongest finding is that women are significantly and substantially more pessimistic in their nuclear war attitudes than men, and this finding cannot be `explained away' statistically by the host of other variables considered in the analysis. Explanations of sex differences which refer to innate or socialized characteristics of women and men cannot be ruled out because data for direct tests are unavailable. But such explanations rely on women's unique childbearing capacity, and our best indicator of it - childbearing plans - is associated with nuclear war attitudes similarly for men as for women. A structural explanation of sex differences is offered; its advantages include greater promise for social change and parallels to other anti-war phenomena. An extensive literature review is included. Data come from sample surveys of university students in 1985 and 1987.
Static caching in Web servers

This paper studies caching in primary Web servers. We use log files from four Web servers to analyze the performance of various proposed cache policies for Web servers: LRU-threshold, LFU, LRU-SIZE, LRU-MIN, LRU-k-threshold and the Pitkow/Recker (1994) policy. Web document access patterns change very slowly. Based on this fact, we propose and evaluate static caching, a novel cache policy for Web servers. In static caching, the set of documents kept in the cache is determined periodically by analyzing the request log file for the previous period. The cache is filled with documents to maximize cache performance provided document access patterns do not change. The set of cached documents remains constant during the period. Surprisingly, this simple policy results in high cache performance, especially for small cache sizes. Unlike other policies, static caching incur no CPU overhead and does not suffer from memory fragmentation.
Urinary Incontinence in Alzheimer’s Disease

Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is more prevalent in the elderly populations with dementia than without dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Urinary incontinence may complicate AD morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and annual incidence and determine the risk possibility of UI, which is the main type of incontinence in patients with AD in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 933 patients with AD were included in the study cohort, and a total of 2799 patients without AD by 1:3 proportion compared to the study cohort were used as a matched cohort. All participants were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database in 2000 sample population. We utilize Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the risk of UI and cumulative incidence ratio curve to analyze the cumulative incidence function. Prevalence and annual incidence rate are calculated in individual medication including rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and memantine only being initiated in patients with AD. Results: The risk of UI is higher in AD cohort (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-2.09). The cumulative incidence ratio of UI event between AD cohort and matched cohort presents statistical significance (P < .001). Annual incidence and prevalence of UI in patients with AD are 6.2% and 4.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the risk of UI is higher in patients with AD than in the general population.
Doing the Traditional Media Sidestep: Comparing the Effects of the Internet and Other Nontraditional Media with Traditional Media in the 1996 Presidential Campaign

This study examined the extent to which heavy users of the Internet and other nontraditional media differ from heavy users of traditional media in their knowledge of the issue stances of Bill Clinton and Bob Dole as well as their images of the two candidates. Nontraditional media had little influence on political knowledge. Although nontraditional media had a greater impact on images of the two candidates than traditional media, few relationships remained significant after controlling for other factors. In 1996, the Internet was getting a “test drive” as a new campaign medium. The election of 2000 should be studied to determine how Internet use has changed and how Internet content might affect future political campaigns.
Language, Culture, and Identity in Online Fanfiction

This article draws on constructs in second-language acquisition, literacy, cultural, and media studies as theoretical bases for examining how networked technologies and fan culture provide a young English language learner (ELL) with a site for developing her English language and writing skills. During this process, she also develops an online identity as a popular, multiliterate writer. To understand how this happens, the notion of identity is explored as a fluid construct that shifts over time with this ELL's long-term participation in a fan community. Popular and fan culture are also examined as points of affiliation and as dialogic resources that she appropriates, both in her writing and in her interactions with other fans. In so doing, the article demonstrates how popular culture and technology converge to provide a context in which this adolescent ELL is able to develop a powerful, transcultural identity, discursively constructed through the different cultural perspectives and literacies that she and other fans from across the globe bring to this space.
Irreducible Motion Planning by Exploiting Linear Linkage Structures

Irreducibility is a theoretical framework for completeness-preserving dimensionality reduction in motion planning. While classical motion planning searches the full space of continuous trajectories, irreducible motion planning searches the space of minimal swept volume trajectories, called the irreducible trajectory space. We prove that planning in the irreducible trajectory space preserves completeness. We then apply this theoretical result to linear linkage structures, which can be found in several mechanical systems, among them humanoid robots. Our main result establishes that we can reduce the dimensionality of linear linkages in the case where the first link moves on curvature-constrained curves. We further develop a curvature projection method, which can be shown to be curvature-complete, a weaker version of general completeness. As an application, we consider the simplification of humanoid motion planning by considering the arms and legs as linear linkages.
Nonlinear mechanics of hyper elastic polyurethane furniture foams* Nelinearna mehanika hiperelasti~nih poliuretanskih pjena za namje{taj*

Upholstered furniture intended to provide better sleep and rest, especially furniture for disabled persons, require careful design of elastic spring systems. In the majority of cases, when designing new articles, both furniture designers and manufacturers rely on long-term experience and craftsman's intuition. On the other hand, the accumulated interdisciplinary knowledge of modern medical laboratories as well as furniture certification offi- ces indicate that it is necessary to carry out investigations related to the mechanical properties of raw materials used to manufacture furniture and to conduct virtual modelling of the phenomena connected with the contact of the human body with the elastic base. The aim of this study was to determine the elastic properties of hyper-plastic pol- yurethane foams applied in furniture industry, to elaborate mathematical models of these materials on the basis of non-linear Mooney-Rivlin models and to conduct a non-linear numerical analysis of contact strains in a deformed seat made of polyurethane foam. The results of the experiments revealed that the mechanical properties of polyuret- hane foams are described properly by the Mooney-Rivlin model. Knowing the mechanical properties of these fo- ams, it is possible to create freely complex furniture elastic systems. The state of strains in the contact of the human body with foam depends on the friction between these bodies. Therefore, in practice, it is advisable to design seat systems resulting in minimal frictions between the user's clothes and the furniture seat.