Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Backtracking ScSPM Image Classifier for Weakly Supervised Top-Down Saliency

Top-down saliency models produce a probability map that peaks at target locations specified by a task/goal such as object detection. They are usually trained in a supervised setting involving annotations of objects. We propose a weakly supervised top-down saliency framework using only binary labels that indicate the presence/absence of an object in an image. First, the probabilistic contribution of each image patch to the confidence of an ScSPM-based classifier produces a Reverse-ScSPM (R-ScSPM) saliency map. Neighborhood information is then incorporated through a contextual saliency map which is estimated using logistic regression learnt on patches having high R-ScSPM saliency. Both the saliency maps are combined to obtain the final saliency map. We evaluate the performance of the proposed weakly supervised top-down saliency and achieves comparable performance with fully supervised approaches. Experiments are carried out on 5 challenging datasets across 3 different applications.
The Democratization of Personal Consumer Loans? Determinants of Success in Online Peer-to-peer Lending Communities

Online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending communities enable individual consumers to borrow from, and lend money to, one another directly. We study the borrowerand loan listing-related determinants of funding success in an online P2P lending community by conceptualizing loan decision variables (loan amount, interest rate offered, duration of loan listing) as mediators between borrower attributes such as demographic characteristics, financial strength, and effort prior to making the request, and the likelihood of funding success. Borrower attributes are also treated as moderators of the effects of loan decision variables on funding success. The results of our empirical study, conducted using a database of 5,370 completed P2P loan transactions, provide support for the proposed conceptual framework. Although demographic attributes such as race and gender do affect likelihood of funding success, their effects are very small in comparison to effects of borrowers’ financial strength and their effort when listing and publicizing the loan. These results are substantially different from the documented discriminatory practices of US financial institutions, suggesting that individual lenders lend more fairly when their own investment money is at stake in P2P loans. The paper concludes with specific suggestions to borrowers to increase their chances of receiving funding in P2P lending communities, and a discussion of future research opportunities.
Mitotic cells form actin-based bridges with adjacent cells to provide intercellular communication during rounding

ABSTRACT In order to achieve accurate chromosome segregation, eukaryotic cells undergo a dramatic change in morphology to obtain a spherical shape during mitosis. Interphase cells communicate directly with each other by exchanging ions and small molecules via gap junctions, which have important roles in controlling cell growth and differentiation. As cells round up during mitosis, the gap junctional communication between mitotic cells and adjacent interphase cells ceases. Whether mitotic cells use alternative mechanisms for mediating direct cell-cell communication during rounding is currently unknown. Here, we have studied the mechanisms involved in the remodeling of gap junctions during mitosis. We further demonstrate that mitotic cells are able to form actin-based plasma membrane bridges with adjacent cells during rounding. These structures, termed “mitotic nanotubes,” were found to be involved in mediating the transport of cytoplasm, including Rab11-positive vesicles, between mitotic cells and adjacent cells. Moreover, a subpool of the gap-junction channel protein connexin43 localized in these intercellular bridges during mitosis. Collectively, the data provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the remodeling of gap junctions during mitosis and identify actin-based plasma membrane bridges as a novel means of communication between mitotic cells and adjacent cells during rounding.
Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. in Poultry and Swine, Denmark

The use of antimicrobial growth promoters in Danish food animal production was discontinued in 1998. Contrary to concerns that pathogen load would increase; we found a significant decrease in Salmonella in broilers before and after slaughter of swine and pork and no change in the prevalence of Campylobacter in broilers.
Teaching Behaviorally Disordered Students to Increase Teacher Attention and Praise in Mainstreamed Classrooms

The purpose of this study was to substantiate the findings of previous research regarding the efficacy of training behaviorally disordered students to recruit reinforcement and assistance from teachers. This study extended those findings by investigating the effect of systematically fading external experimenter reinforcement of students for prompting and praising teachers in the regular classroom. Utilizing a multiple baseline design across subjects, three behaviorally disordered students were systematically trained to prompt teachers for help, praise teachers after receiving help, and prompt teachers for approval on their academic and social performance. Results indicated that all three subjects were able to modify the amount of teacher help they received in the regular classroom. After experimental interventions were removed, both student and teacher behaviors were maintained over baseline levels.
Digging Wikipedia

The online encyclopedia Wikipedia is both a cultural reference to store, refer to, and organize digitized and digital information, as well as a key contemporary digital heritage endeavor in itself. Capitalizing on this dual nature of the project, this article introduces Wikipedia as a digital gateway to and site of an active engagement with cultural heritage. We have developed the open source and freely available analysis architecture Contropedia to examine already existing volunteer user-generated participation around cultural heritage and to promote further engagement with it. Conceptually, we employ the notion of memory work, as it helps to treat Wikipedia's articles, edit histories, and discussion pages as a rich resource to study how cultural heritage is received and (re)worked in and across languages and cultures. Contropedia's architecture allows for the study of the negotiations around and appreciation of cultural heritage without assuming an unchallenged and universal understanding of cultural heritage. The analysis facilitated by Contropedia thus sheds light on the contentious articulation of perspectives on tangible and intangible heritage grounded by conflicting conceptions of events, ideas, places, or persons. Technologically, Contropedia combines techniques based on mining article edit histories and analyzing discussion patterns in talk pages to identify and visualize heritage-related disputes within an article, and to compare these across language versions. In terms of digital heritage, Contropedia presents a powerful tool that opens up a core resource to cultural heritage studies. Moreover, it can form part of a conceptually grounded, technically advanced, and practically enrolled infrastructure for public education that opens up the dynamic formation of both knowledge about cultural heritage and new forms of digital cultural heritage that show a considerable amount of friction.
Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Intelektual dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Pemahaman Akuntansi Dasar Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Moderating

Basic accounting is very important as the beginning to understand the concept of accounting, if on the basis of it can not fully understand then for the next is also difficult. The concept of introduction accounting is very important, especially for new students, like a building or a house then introduction accounting is the foundation. This study examines the effect of emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence on basic accounting comprehension with motivation as a moderating variable. In relation to moderating variables, researchers in this case choose motivation as a moderator of the relationship between emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence with basic accounting comprehension. The population used in this study was 104 students of Accounting Study Program in Semester 1 and 3 of Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya. The sampling technique uses convenience sampling with sampling of 77. The study used Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) analysis tool. The result of research shows that (1) emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence have an insignificant effect on basic accounting comprehension, (2) intellectual intelligence has significant effect on basic accounting comprehension, (3) motivation does not moderate the influence of emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence toward understanding of accounting basic.
Changes in Learning Environment and Students’ Attitudes and Anxiety Associated with the Transition from Primary to Secondary School Mathematics

Past research has demonstrated that, relative to primary schools, high-school environments are often perceived as being less favourable and having less positive teacher–student relations and reduced opportunities for decision-making in classrooms. Research evidence also suggests that students’ attitudes concerning mathematics generally deteriorate during the move from primary to secondary school spheres. This study involved the transition experience of 541 students in 47 classes in 15 schools from both primary (year 7) and secondary (year 8) levels in government and Catholic schools in metropolitan and regional areas of South Australia. Scales were adapted from three established instruments, namely, the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC), Test of Mathematics Related Attitudes (TOMRA) and Revised Mathematics Anxiety Ratings Scale (RMARS), to identify changes across the transition from primary to secondary school in terms of the classroom learning environment and students’ attitude/anxiety towards mathematics. I assessed the learning environment with four 8-item scales (Student Cohesiveness, Teacher Support, Involvement and Cooperation) and attitudes with the two 10-item scales of Attitude to Mathematical Inquiry and Enjoyment of Mathematics Lessons and an 8-item mathematics anxiety scale. Relative to year 7 students, year 8 students perceived less Involvement, less positive Attitude to Mathematical Inquiry, less Enjoyment of Mathematics and greater Mathematics Anxiety. Differences between students in Years 7 and 8 were very similar for male and female students, although the magnitude of sex differences in attitudes was slightly different in Years 7 and 8. Additionally, with South Australian students, my study cross-validated questionnaire scales assessing learning environments, attitudes and anxiety and replicated associations reported in considerable prior research between students’ attitudes/anxiety and the nature of the classroom environment. This research contributed to the field of learning environments in that it was one of the few studies worldwide of the transition between educational levels that employed a learning environments framework. Also the study provided practical implications for educators about how to ease the transition for mathematics students from primary to secondary school.
H ! Ggg(gq Q) at Two Loops in the Large-m T Limit

We present a calculation of the two-loop helicity amplitudes for the processes H → ggg and H → gq ¯ q in the large-M t limit. In this limit the calculation can be performed in terms of one-loop diagrams containing an effective Hgg operator. These amplitudes are required for the next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to the Higgs transverse momentum distribution and the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections to the Higgs production cross section via the gluon fusion mechanism.
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN ELECTRON CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE OF ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS

We examine nucleosynthesis in the electron capture supernovae of progenitor asymptotic giant branch stars with an O–Ne–Mg core (with the initial stellar mass of 8.8 M☉). Thermodynamic trajectories for the first 810 ms after core bounce are taken from a recent state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulation. The presented nucleosynthesis results are characterized by a number of distinct features that are not shared with those of other supernovae from the collapse of stars with iron core (with initial stellar masses of more than 10 M☉). First is the small amount of 56Ni (0.002–0.004 M☉) in the ejecta, which can be an explanation for the observed properties of faint supernovae such as SNe 2008S and 1997D. In addition, the large Ni/Fe ratio is in reasonable agreement with the spectroscopic result of the Crab nebula (the relic of SN 1054). Second is the large production of 64Zn, 70Ge, light p-nuclei (74Se, 78Kr, 84Sr, and 92Mo), and in particular, 90Zr, which originates from the low Ye (0.46–0.49, the number of electrons per nucleon) ejecta. We find, however, that only a 1%–2% increase of the minimum Ye moderates the overproduction of 90Zr. In contrast, the production of 64Zn is fairly robust against a small variation of Ye. This provides the upper limit of the occurrence of this type of events to be about 30% of all core-collapse supernovae.
What makes killing a mutant hard

Mutation operators have been studied at length to determine which ones are the “best” at some metric (for example creates the least equivalent mutants, creates hard-to-kill mutants, etc.). These studies though have focused on specific test suites, where the test inputs and oracles are fixed, which leads to results that are strongly influenced by the test suites and thus makes the conclusions potentially less general. In this paper we consider all test inputs and we assume we have no prior knowledge about the likelihood of any specific inputs. We will also show how varying the strength of the oracle have a big impact on the results. We only consider a few mutation operators (mostly relational), only a handful of programs to mutate (amenable to probabilistic symbolic execution), and only consider how likely it is that a mutant is killed. A core finding is that the likelihood of reaching the source line where the mutation is applied, is an important contributor to the likelihood of killing the mutant and when we control for this we can see which operators create mutations that are too easy versus very hard to kill.
Parental Stress Scale: Translation And Preliminary Testing For A Gujarati Sample -

Introduction: Parental Stress Scale is an 18 item self-report scale which represents positive (e.g. emotional benefits, personal development) and negative (demands on resources, restrictions) themes of parenthood. This study was aimed to translate English version of Parental Stress Scale into Gujarati and to do preliminary testing for reliability by a study conducted among medical professionals.
Multiplicative Binding, Representation Operators & Analogy

Analogical inference depends on systematic substitution of the components of compositional structures. Simple systematic substitution has been achieved in a number of connectionist systems that support binding (the abilit y to create connectionist representations of the combination of component representations). These systems have used various implementations of two generic composition operators: bind() and bundle(). This paper introduces a novel implementation of the bind() operator that is simple, can be eff iciently implemented, and highlights the relationship between retrieval queries and analogical mapping.
Mechanisms of Impulse Control: Potential Implications for Parkinson’s Disease

Controlling inappropriate urges or impulses is essential to function in society. However impulse control is impaired in numerous psychiatric and neurological conditions. This thesis investigated the behavioural, neurophysiological and genetic mechanisms of motor impulse control utilizing a response inhibition task, and considered how these mechanisms may be influenced by dopamine dysregulation. Electromyography, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and computational modelling were used to further our understanding of how we achieve behaviourally selective cancellation of a bimanual motor act, and why the continued response is markedly delayed. Bimanual movement components were integrated into a single response in anticipation of execution. Interestingly, both components were affected simultaneously by the requirement to cancel only one component of the response. Single-pulse TMS was used to demonstrate suppression of corticomotor excitability (CME) toward the continued component, indicative of a nonselective cancellation process. Pairedpulse TMS revealed that short-latency intracortical inhibitory circuits within the primary motor cortex were unlikely to be the neural mechanism underlying nonselective suppression of CME. A computational model was developed to explain the temporal modulation of CME in the continued component which reflected anticipation, suppression and subsequent initiation of movement. The model dictated that a secondary activation process was needed following nonselective suppression in order to complete the task goal. The second activation process can be conceptualized as selective initiation of a newly programmed unimanual response, subsequent to the cancellation of the default bimanual response. The reinitiation of muscle activity was sensitive to the strength of coupling between response components, indicating that uncoupling of components was necessary for selective initiation. The first four experiments collectively demonstrate that we achieve behaviourally selective impulse control from neurally selective reinitiation of movement, as opposed to selective inhibition. The final experiment provided the first evidence that a polygenic dopamine genetic risk score can be used to predict a person’s baseline level of performance on a response inhibition task, and the effect that dopamine agonist medication will have on their impulse control. It
Simulation of silicon photonic coherent PM-QPSK transceivers using microring modulators

Silicon photonic components are key enablers for low-cost, compact, and reduced power-consumption coherent transceivers. This paper discusses models used to analyze the performance of silicon photonic ring modulators in coherent links, and presents simulation results for 32- and 16-Gbaud PM-QPSK back-to-back transceivers incorporating these modulators in comparison with designs using LiNbO3 MZMs. While the penalty at 32 Gbaud is high, at 16 Gbaud the ring modulator performance approaches that of the MZM, with a sensitivity penalty of only 1.3 dB. Our results also show the strong temperature sensitivity of the ring modulator.
ab 0 cd Monitoring managers : does it matter ?

We test under what circumstances boards discipline managers and whether such interventions improve performance. We exploit exogenous variation due to the staggered adoption of corporate governance laws in formerly communist countries coupled with detailed “hard” information about the board’s performance expectations and “soft” information about board and CEO actions and the board’s beliefs about CEO competence in 473 mostly private sector companies backed by private equity funds between 1993 and 2008. We find that CEOs are fired when the company underperforms relative to the board’s expectations, suggesting that boards use performance to update their beliefs. CEOs are especially likely to be fired when evidence has mounted that they are incompetent and when board power has increased following corporate governance reforms. In contrast, CEOs are not fired when performance deteriorates due to factors deemed explicitly to be beyond their control, nor are they fired for making “honest mistakes”. Following forced CEO turnover, companies see performance improvements and their investors are considerably more likely to eventually sell them at a profit.
Discretizing Manifolds via Minimum Energy Points

1186 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 51, NUMBER 10 T here are a variety of needs for the discretization of a manifold—statistical sampling, quadrature rules, starting points for Newton’s method, computeraided design, interpolation schemes, finite element tessellations—to name but a few. So let us assume we are given a d-dimensional manifold A in the Euclidean space Rd and wish to determine, say, 5,000 points that “represent A”. How can we go about this if A is described by some geometric property or by some parametrization of the unit cube Ud := [0,1]d in Rd? Naturally, we must be guided by the particular application in mind. For a historical perspective as well as a brief motivational journey, let us look at the simple case when A is the interval [−1,1] ⊂ R . One obvious choice for N points that discretize A is the set of equally spaced points xk,N = −1+ 2k N − 1 , N ≥ 2, k = 0, . ,N − 1.
The ordeal of "property stripping" from widows in a peri-urban community: the case of a selected ward in Binga District, Zimbabwe

The death of a husband is a common traumatic experience for widows in Zimbabwean communities. This paper discusses widows’ experiences of property stripping in a peri-urban community of Sikalenge Ward, Binga District in Matabeleland North in Zimbabwe. It is a qualitative research study. Participants were key informants about social service provision for widows who had been stripped of property upon the death of their spouses. Thematic data analysis showed that widows suffer social exclusion and marginalisation upon the death of their partners. This article aims at supplementing the theoretical knowledge of social work practitioners and suggests concrete interventions in addressing this plight of Zimbabwean widows.
Unsupervised learning of acoustic features via deep canonical correlation analysis

It has been previously shown that, when both acoustic and articulatory training data are available, it is possible to improve phonetic recognition accuracy by learning acoustic features from this multi-view data with canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In contrast with previous work based on linear or kernel CCA, we use the recently proposed deep CCA, where the functional form of the feature mapping is a deep neural network. We apply the approach on a speaker-independent phonetic recognition task using data from the University of Wisconsin X-ray Microbeam Database. Using a tandem-style recognizer on this task, deep CCA features improve over earlier multi-view approaches as well as over articulatory inversion and typical neural network-based tandem features. We also present a new stochastic training approach for deep CCA, which produces both faster training and better-performing features.