Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prejudice or Ambivalence? Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities

ABSTRACT Attitudes toward persons with disabilities are often assumed to be negative and prejudiced. This assumption is shared by researchers with different theoretical perspectives and is usually based on quantitative empirical studies. The assumption of attitudes as prejudiced is questioned in this article. Based on a review of attitude research the argument is developed that most research is based on a simplified notion of attitudes and an accompanying simplistic methodological approach. Given the limitations of theory and methods, some conclusions can nonetheless be drawn about the content of attitudes toward persons with disabilities. An interpretation in terms of prejudice does not, however, fit these data very well. Instead an interpretation in terms of ambivalence is suggested, where reactions toward persons with disabilities are seen as a result of conflicting values. Such an interpretation can help to free attitude research from its present focus on the structure of thinking, rather than content.
Testosterone replacement and prostate cancer

This article is intended as a review of the available clinical data outlining the risks and benefits of testosterone (androgen) replacement therapy, specifically addressing the issue of the relationship between exogenous androgen administration and prostate cancer risk. There is controversy over whether androgen replacement is a risk factor for incident prostate cancer. Our review of current clinical information revealed that to date, no study or review has definitively shown that androgen replacement therapy is an independent risk factor for development of prostate cancer. Androgen administration seems to be beneficial in decreasing fatal cardiovascular events, body fat mass, and insulin resistance. Overall, the current clinical data seems to suggest that androgen replacement is an appropriate therapeutic option for men with symptomatic hypogonadism provided that patients continue to receive regular prostate screenings.
Specialty Board Certification among U.S. Citizen and non-U.S. Citizen Graduates of International Medical Schools

Background Graduates of international medical schools (IMGs) make up approximately one-quarter of the physician population and play a key role in the provision of health care in the United States. This study investigated whether they differ from U.S. medical graduates (USMGs) in specialty board certification. Method The study compared USMGs, U.S. citizen IMGs (USIMGs), and non-U.S. citizen IMGs (non-USIMGs) who graduated from medical school between 1958 and 1994 and were involved in direct patient care in 2003. Results There is variability among the specialties, but overall USMGs have the highest specialty certification rates followed by non-USIMGs, and USIMGs. Among recent medical school graduates, non-USIMGs have certification rates that are comparable to USMGs. Conclusions IMGs have lower board-certification rates than USMGs, although a sizeable majority has achieved board certification in the specialty they practice. There are differences between non-USIMGs and USIMGs, with the former more likely to become board certified.
Circulating Palmitoleate Strongly and Independently Predicts Insulin Sensitivity in Humans

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether palmitoleate, which prevents insulin resistance in mice, predicts insulin sensitivity in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The fasting fatty acid pattern in the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) fraction was determined in 100 subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 9 months of lifestyle intervention and measured during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (n = 79). RESULTS Circulating palmitoleate (OGTT:F ratio = 8.2, P = 0.005; clamp:F ratio = 7.8, P = 0.007) but not total FFAs (OGTT:F ratio = 0.6, P = 0.42; clamp:F ratio = 0.7, P = 0.40) correlated positively with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, sex, and adiposity. High baseline palmitoleate predicted a larger increase in insulin sensitivity. For 1-SD increase in palmitoleate, the odds ratio for being in the highest versus the lowest tertile of adjusted change in insulin sensitivity was 2.35 (95% CI 1.16–5.35). CONCLUSIONS Circulating palmitoleate strongly and independently predicts insulin sensitivity, suggesting that it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in humans.
Recurrent Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children

Background:Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), also known as anaphylactoid purpura is a clinically recognizable systemic disorder occurring in children, mainly from ages 3 to 10 years. Objectives:To describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory findings in a group of patients with recurrent HSP, admitted to a tertiary pediatric center. Methods:Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized due to HSP between 1969 and 2004. Results:Two hundred sixty children (56.7% males) were hospitalized due to HSP, 7 (2.7%) more than once. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between the patients with 1 event of HSP and patients with recurrence. Mean age of the subgroup with recurrence was 3.67 years (10 months to 7.4 years) at the first episode, and 5.03 years (2.2–10 years) at the second one, with a mean lag period of 13.5 ± 2.8 months (range 2–26). The duration of the recurrent clinical symptoms ranged from 9 to 30 days, and in 72% of those patients, resolution took more than 14 days. Conclusion:In our inpatient population, no clinical or laboratory characteristics were found to be predictive of recurrence; the second episode was longer than the first and the lag period between the 2 episodes was substantially longer than previously reported. Hospital admissions for recurrent HSP are not common. Nevertheless, a good prognosis was the rule of our admitted patients.
A Fast and Efficient Processor Allocation Strategy which Combines a Contiguous and Non-contiguous Processor Allocation Algorithms

Two strategies are used for the allocation of jobs to processors connected by mesh topologies: contiguous allocation and non-contiguous allocation. In non-contiguous allocation, a job request can be split into smaller parts that are allocated possibly non-adjacent free sub-meshes rather than always waiting until a single sub-mesh of the requested size and shape is available. Lifting the contiguity condition is expected to reduce processor fragmentation and increase system utilization. However, the distances traversed by messages can be long, and as a result the communication overhead, especially contention, is increased. The extra communication overhead depends on how the allocation request is partitioned and assigned to free sub-meshes. This paper presents a new Non-contiguous allocation algorithm, referred to as Greedy-Available-Busy-List (GABL for short), which can decrease the communication overhead among processors allocated to a given parallel job. The GABL algorithm relies on a new approach that decomposes the allocation requests based on the sub-meshes available for allocation. This decreases the number of sub-meshes allocated to a job, hence decreases the distance traversed by messages, and which in turn decreases the communication overhead. In addition to allocation strategies, two job scheduling strategies, referred to as First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and Shortest-Service-Demand-First (SSD) are studied, and they are used to compare the performance of allocation strategies. To evaluate the performance improvement achieved by our strategy and compare it against well-known existing non-contiguous and contiguous strategies, we conduct extensive simulation runs under the assumption of wormhole routing and two communication patterns, notably one-to-all and all-to-all. The results show that the new strategy can reduce the communication overhead and substantially improve performance in terms of parameters such as job turnaround time and system utilization. Moreover, the results reveal that the SSD scheduling strategy is much better than the FCFS scheduling strategy, therefore, the scheduling and allocation strategies both have substantial effect on the performance of contiguous and non-contiguous allocation strategies in 2D mesh.
Diverging family policies to promote children's well‐being in the UK and US: some relevant data from family research and intervention studies

In response to what are perceived as the negative consequences for children of family change over the past century, governments in the UK and the US have devoted substantial funds to programmes to strengthen families, but the focus of intervention in the two countries has moved in opposite directions. In the UK, financial support has shifted away from couple strengthening to parenting programmes, while in the US financial support has shifted substantially toward couple‐focused interventions. This review article summarises studies relevant to these policy choices. We present research evidence for a multidomain family risk‐child outcome model, and then describe the results of three studies using a randomised clinical trial design to examine the impact of intervention with couples on children's adaptation. The data support the hypothesis that interventions focusing on strengthening couple relationships may have a more positive impact on families and children than interventions that focus on increasing parenting skills.
Glycoprotein Biosynthesis in Cotyledons of Pisum sativum L: Involvement of Lipid-linked Intermediates.

Particulate preparations from developing cotyledons of Pisum sativum L. cv. Burpeeana catalyze glycosyl transfer from UDP-[(14)C]N-acetylglucosamine and GDP-[(14)C]mannose. Radioactivity is transferred to lipid components soluble in chloroform-methanol (2:1) and chloroform-methanol-water (1:1:0.3) and into a water-insoluble and lipid-free residue.The chloroform-methanol-soluble component formed from GDP-[(14)C]mannose appears to be a mannosyl lipid, whereas the chloroform-methanol-water-soluble fraction is probably a mixed oligosaccharide-lipid containing N-acetylglucosamine and mannose residues. The chloroform-methanol-soluble component formed from UDP-[(14)C]N-acetylglucosamine appears to be N,N'-diacetylchitibiosyl lipid, which may be incorporated with mannose to form the chloroform-methanol-water-soluble mixed oligosaccharide lipid.The oligosaccharide lipid appears to function as a precursor for the transfer of the oligosaccharide to the peptide moiety in the formation of the glycoproteins. The bulk of the radioactivity, arising from UDP-[(14)C]N-acetylglucosamine, incorporated into the insoluble residue, is associated with glycoprotein. In contrast only a small percentage of radioactivity in the insoluble residue, arising from GDP-[(14)C]mannose incorporation, appears to be associated with glycoprotein. The majority of the radioactivity found in the residue fraction labeled from GDP-[(14)C]mannose appears to be associated with oligomannosyl residues.
Emotion Evaluation and Response Slowing in a Non-Human Primate: New Directions for Cognitive Bias Measures of Animal Emotion?

The cognitive bias model of animal welfare assessment is informed by studies with humans demonstrating that the interaction between emotion and cognition can be detected using laboratory tasks. A limitation of cognitive bias tasks is the amount of training required by animals prior to testing. A potential solution is to use biologically relevant stimuli that trigger innate emotional responses. Here; we develop a new method to assess emotion in rhesus macaques; informed by paradigms used with humans: emotional Stroop; visual cueing and; in particular; response slowing. In humans; performance on a simple cognitive task can become impaired when emotional distractor content is displayed. Importantly; responses become slower in anxious individuals in the presence of mild threat; a pattern not seen in non-anxious individuals; who are able to effectively process and disengage from the distractor. Here; we present a proof-of-concept study; demonstrating that rhesus macaques show slowing of responses in a simple touch-screen task when emotional content is introduced; but only when they had recently experienced a presumably stressful veterinary inspection. Our results indicate the presence of a subtle “cognitive freeze” response; the measurement of which may provide a means of identifying negative shifts in emotion in animals.
The Effect of Gender Role, Attitude toward Leadership, and Self-Confidence on Leader Emergence: Implications for Leadership Development. [and] Invited Reaction: Gender, Social Roles, and the Emergence of Leaders.

Although research has indicated no substantial differences between the behaviors of male and female leaders, differences exist in perceptions of these behaviors. Leadership continues to be described in stereotypically masculine terms, although some evidence exists that an androgynous leadership style also may be related to perceptions of leadership. This study examined whether self-perceptions of masculine gender role characteristics would predict individuals who were perceived by others as leaders on a team project and if other self-report measures might be used instead to predict leadership. Results indicate that both attitude toward leadership and leadership experience were stronger predictors of leader emergence than masculine gender role.
Information Effect of Entry into Credit Ratings Market: The Case of Insurers' Ratings

The paper analyzes the effect of competition between credit rating agencies (CRAs) on the information content of ratings. We show that a monopolistic CRA pools sellers into multiple rating classes and has partial market coverage. This provides an opportunity for market entry. The entrant designs a rating scale distinct from that of the incumbent. It targets higher-than-average companies in each rating grade of the incumbent's rating scale and employs more stringent rating standards. We use Standard and Poor's (S&P) entry into the market for insurance ratings previously covered by a monopolist, A.M. Best, to empirically test the impact of entry on the information content of ratings. The empirical analysis reveals that S&P required higher standards to assign a rating similar to the one assigned by A.M. Best and that higher-than-average quality insurers in each rating category of A.M. Best chose to receive a second rating from S&P.
Ospemifene for the treatment of postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy: recommendations for clinical use

Introduction: Vulvar vaginal atrophy (VVA), a component of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, is a chronic, progressive medical condition that results from estrogen deficiency at menopause. Ospemifene is a nonhormonal, estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist (ERAA) FDA-approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of VVA, due to menopause. Areas covered: PubMed was searched from inception to March 2015 with keywords ospemifene and vulvar vaginal atrophy; no other similar clinical reviews were found. This is a comprehensive review describing the clinical safety and efficacy of ospemifene for the treatment of dyspareunia and VVA. Preclinical and clinical data suggesting further potential use or benefits of ospemifene for women’s health will also be reviewed. Expert opinion: Ospemifene is an approved oral option for postmenopausal women seeking treatment for VVA with bothersome dyspareunia, particularly for those who have tried and failed over-the-counter options or do not want vaginal therapies. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the preclinical and early clinical findings of antagonistic to neutral effect on breast tissue and positive effect on bone, which, in the future, may support the use of ospemifene to prevent bone loss or treat VVA in women at high risk or with breast cancer.
Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work-family conflict with job and life satisfaction

A model of the relationship between work and family that incorporates variables from both the work-family conflict and social support literatures was developed and empirically tested. This model related bidirectional work-family conflict, family instrumental and emotional social support, and job and family involvement to job and life satisfaction. Data came from 163 workers who were living with at least 1 family member. Results suggested that relationships between work and family can have an important effect on job and life satisfaction and that the level of involvement the worker assigns to work and family roles is associated with this relationship. The results also suggested that the relationship between work and family can be simultaneously characterized by conflict and support. Higher levels of work interfering with family predicted lower levels of family emotional and instrumental support. Higher levels of family emotional and instrumental support were associated with lower levels of family interfering with work. The growing body of occupational stress research regarding the relationship between work and family has suggested that there are interconnecting and possibly reciprocal influences between these two domains (Greenhaus & Parasuraman, 1987; Kanter, 1977; Rice,
‘He thought I would be like my mother’: The silencing of Mizrachi women in Israeli inter- and intra-marriages

Abstract A theoretical framework focused on silencing in marriage is used in this article to examine power in inter-marriage. A question was raised regarding processes of marital silencing that occur when gender hierarchy is combined with an ethnic hierarchy. Jewish immigrants to Israel from Arab countries, or those born to such immigrants (“Mizrachi”), consistently occupy a stratum lower than that occupied by Jewish immigrants from Europe, or those born to such immigrants (“Ashkenazi”). Orientalist justifications, silence anti-Mizrachi oppression in the public discourse in Israel. This study attempted to trace the footprints of silencing within marital interactions on a micro level. Eleven Mizrachi women married to Mizrachi men and eleven Mizrachi women married to Ashkenazi men were interviewed. Mizrachi women married to Ashkenazi men reported the silencing of ethnicity in their marriages which supported the silencing of housework.
“It Cannot Be Done Alone”: The Socialization of Novice English Teachers in South Korea

Prior studies on novice teachers' adjustment to the school environment have shown that many new teachers adopt the teaching practices of existing teachers. By exploring the reasons why new teachers with a proficient command of English end up conducting English classes in Korean, this study analyzed factors influencing the socialization of new teachers. Analyses of questionnaires, interviews, and critical incident reports show that the choice of instructional language was influenced by institutional constraints, school culture, and norms surrounding the teaching and learning of English, rather than the teacher's individual capabilities. The results suggest that a more important factor than the individual teacher's ability is creating school systems and school cultures that enable teachers to apply the teaching methods they were trained to use.
EFFECT OF PROSODY ON VOWEL-TO-VOWEL COARTICULATION IN ENGLISH

It has been claimed that segments are 'strongly' articulated in two prosodic positions: pitch-accented syllables [4, 5] and domaininitial positions [3, 6, 7, 9]. The current study examines the effect of these two prosodic conditions on resistance to vowel-to-vowel coarticulation, based on acoustic data. This study first shows that vowels are strongly articulated at the edges of prosodic domains. The degree of V-to-V coarticulation is in general greater when vowels are separated by a lower prosodic boundary (e.g., a word boundary), and it smaller when they are separated by a higher prosodic boundary (e.g., an Intonational Phrase boundary). A greater V-to-V coarticulation was found when the vowels have no pitch accent. Overall, vowels in prosodically stronger positions resist coarticulation.
Coordinated Multipoint Transmission with Limited Backhaul Data Transfer

When the joint processing technique is applied in the coordinated multipoint (CoMP) downlink transmission, the user data for each mobile station needs to be shared among multiple base stations (BSs) via backhaul. If the number of users is large, this data exchange can lead to a huge backhaul signaling overhead. In this paper, we consider a multi-cell CoMP network with multi-antenna BSs and single antenna users. The problem that involves the joint design of transmit beamformers and user data allocation at BSs to minimize the backhaul user data transfer is addressed, which is subject to given quality-of-service and per-BS power constraints. We show that this problem can be cast into an ℓ0-norm minimization problem, which is NP-hard. Inspired by recent results in compressive sensing, we propose two algorithms to tackle it. The first algorithm is based on reweighted ℓ1-norm minimization, which solves a series of convex ℓ0-norm minimization problems. In the second algorithm, we first solve the ℓ2-norm relaxation of the joint clustering and beamforming problem and then iteratively remove the links that correspond to the smallest transmit power. The second algorithm enjoys a faster solution speed and can also be implemented in a semi-distributed manner under certain assumptions. Simulations show that both algorithms can significantly reduce the user data transfer in the backhaul.
The effects of frontal injury on “on-line” self-monitoring during verbal learning by adults with diffuse brain injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate to the effects of documented frontal injury that coexist with diffuse brain injury (BI), on self-monitoring, operationalised by recall predictions made during verbal learning. The data from 35 adults with diffuse BI who participated in two earlier studies, were divided into groups based on frontal injury (Kennedy, Carney, & Peters, 2003; Kennedy & Yorkston, 2000). Participants studied unrelated noun-pairs, made item-by-item immediate and delayed recall predictions, and took delayed recall tests. Outcomes included relative predictive accuracy, the proportion recalled, and confidence. With months post-onset as a covariate, those with frontal injury were less accurate at predicting recall than those without frontal injury although the pattern was the same; delayed predictions were more accurate than immediate predictions. Conversely, those without frontal injury recalled less than those with frontal injury. Consistent with a phenomenon called “discounting”, those with lower recall (BI without frontal injury) were more confident than those with higher recall (BI with frontal injury). These results help to clarify variability in earlier studies of “on-line” predictions and suggest the need to explicitly train clients with memory impairment to base strategy decisions on delayed self-feedback rather than on self-feedback generated immediately after learning.
The Metabolic Syndrome in Hispanics – The Role of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation

The acknowledgment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a pathological entity is one of the most important advancements in the management of cardiovascular disease in the last 2 decades. Increasing awareness and research of this syndrome has led to a deeper understanding of how different metabolic risk factors such as inflammation, insulin resistance and vascular pathologies such as coronary heart disease (CHD) interact and aggravate one another. The existence of MetS may imply uniformity in pathology across a range of populations. However, this is not the case: the mechanisms that underlie MetS and the cardiometabolic consequences they hold may very well vary between ethnicities. The following chapter aims to encompass MetS from its most fundamental principles with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance to the novel research pertaining to its pathophysiology and management, with an emphatic eye on the Hispanic population.