Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Expression and significance of fragile histidine triad in oral cancer and precancerous lesions].

OBJECTIVE To detect the expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) in oral cancer and oral precancerous lesions and investigate the relationship between the FHIT expression and the histopathological changes. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining by SP methods was utilized to detect the expression of FHIT in 64 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 39 oral precancerous lesions and 12 normal oral mucosa specimens. RESULTS The positivity rate of FHIT in normal oral membrane was 100% (12/12), and medium and high FHIT expression levels were detected in oral precancerous lesions but without significant difference from that in normal oral mucosa. In 64 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens, 3 were negative for FHIT expression, 8 had low expression, and the other 43 had moderate and high expression. The rate of negative or low FHIT expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma was 17% (11/64), which was significantly different from that in the normal oral mucosa and oral precancerous lesions, but the rate was not correlated to the differentiation of the cancer. CONCLUSION The tumor suppressor gene FHIT plays a role in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
GO-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite from coconut shell: Synthesis and characterization

Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide nanocomposite from coconut shell GO-Fe3O4 has been done. Graphene oxide can be prepared using Hummer's method and Subsequently, the synthesis of GO-Fe3O4 nanocomposite was carried out by ultrasound assisted co-precipitation of iron (II) and (III) chlorides in the presence of GO. The formation of GO and graphene-Fe3O4 nanocomposite was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristics of GO-Fe3O4 as a result of synthesis from coconut shell analyzed using XRD showed that GO characteristics peak in accordance with the characteristics of GO-Fe3O4 in (JCPDS No. 88-0315). Analysis using FTIR was seen in 3421 cm−1 (O-H stretching), 1631 cm−1 (C = C aromatic), and 565 cm−1 (Fe-O). Analysis using SEM seen in the presence of Fe, O and C in the EDX analysis confirmed the formation of GO-Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Analysis using Raman spectroscopy showed that peaks of Fe3O4 were at wavelengths of 396 cm−1 because sp3 carbon was bound to Fe3O4 so that the peak band D was not present in GO-Fe3O4 spectroscopy.
Targeted Therapy of FLT3 in Treatment of AML—Current Status and Future Directions

Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) of the gene encoding the Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) receptor are present in approximately 25% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutation is associated with poor prognosis, and the aberrant protein product has been hypothesized as an attractive therapeutic target. Various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed targeting FLT3, but in spite of initial optimism the first generation TKIs tested in clinical studies generally induce only partial and transient hematological responses. The limited treatment efficacy generally observed may be explained by numerous factors; extensively pretreated and high risk cohorts, suboptimal pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds, acquired TKI resistance, or the possible fact that inhibition of mutated FLT3 alone is not sufficient to avoid disease progression. The second-generation agent quizartinb is showing promising outcomes and seems better tolerated and with less toxic effects than traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, new generations of TKIs might be feasible for use in combination therapy or in a salvage setting in selected patients. Here, we sum up experiences so far, and we discuss the future outlook of targeting dysregulated FLT3 signaling in the treatment of AML.
Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants

This article provides a classification of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and its 3 main variants to improve the uniformity of case reporting and the reliability of research results. Criteria for the 3 variants of PPA—nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic—were developed by an international group of PPA investigators who convened on 3 occasions to operationalize earlier published clinical descriptions for PPA subtypes. Patients are first diagnosed with PPA and are then divided into clinical variants based on specific speech and language features characteristic of each subtype. Classification can then be further specified as “imaging-supported” if the expected pattern of atrophy is found and “with definite pathology” if pathologic or genetic data are available. The working recommendations are presented in lists of features, and suggested assessment tasks are also provided. These recommendations have been widely agreed upon by a large group of experts and should be used to ensure consistency of PPA classification in future studies. Future collaborations will collect prospective data to identify relationships between each of these syndromes and specific biomarkers for a more detailed understanding of clinicopathologic correlations.
The effect of temporal impulse response on experimental reduction of photon scatter in time-resolved diffuse optical tomography

New fast detector technology has driven significant renewed interest in time-resolved measurement of early photons in improving imaging resolution in diffuse optical tomography and fluorescence mediated tomography in recent years. In practice, selection of early photons results in significantly narrower instrument photon density sensitivity functions (PDSFs) than the continuous wave case, resulting in a better conditioned reconstruction problem. In this work, we studied the quantitative impact of the instrument temporal impulse response function (TIRF) on experimental PDSFs in tissue mimicking optical phantoms. We used a multimode fiber dispersion method to vary the system TIRF over a range of representative literature values. Substantial disagreement in PDSF width-–by up to 40%–-was observed between experimental measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) models of photon propagation over the range of TIRFs studied. On average, PDSFs were broadened by about 0.3 mm at the center plane of the 2 cm wide imaging chamber per 100 ps of the instrument TIRF at early times. Further, this broadening was comparable on both the source and detector sides. Results were confirmed by convolution of instrument TIRFs with MC simulations. These data also underscore the importance of correcting imaging PDSFs for the instrument TIRF when performing tomographic image reconstruction to ensure accurate data–model agreement.
Corticosteroids in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Objective: To review the evidence for the use of steroids in adults presenting with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or overlap. Data Sources: EMBASE (1974 to April 2014), MEDLINE (1946 to April 2014), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to January 2014) were searched using the terms: prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, steroids, glucocorticoids, corticosteroids, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and SJS/TEN overlap. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language, full reports of experimental and observational studies were included. Bibliographies from pertinent publications were reviewed for additional references. Prespecified outcomes included survival, survival to discharge, hospitalization without intensive care, length of intensive care stay, duration of hospitalization, ophthalmological complications, infection rates, and adverse events. Data Synthesis: Six studies that used steroids for SJS, TEN, and/or overlap were included. All studies were retrospective cohort studies with no case-control or cross-sectional studies; 5 studies reported on steroid doses, and 2 studies reported time from disease onset to steroid use (2-4 days). Only 1 of 6 studies reported a statistically significant impact on mortality with steroids use (odds ratio = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9). Adverse event rates were not reported in any of the studies. Conclusions: A review of the current evidence reveals a need for prospective, randomized controlled studies to provide more definitive conclusions on steroid use in patients with SJS, TEN, and/or overlap.
Black holes of D = 5 supergravity

We discuss some general features of black holes of five-dimensional supergravity, such as the first law of black hole mechanics. We also discuss some special features of rotating supersymmetric black holes. In particular, we show that the horizon is a non-singular, and {\sl non-rotating}, null hypersurface whose intersection with a Cauchy surface is a squashed 3-sphere. We find the Killing spinors of the near-horizon geometry and thereby determine the near-horizon isometry supergroup.
Two distinct mechanisms of cytotoxicity mediated by herpes simplex virus-specific CD4+ human cytotoxic T cell clones.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxicity of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific CD4+ human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, focusing on perforin and membrane-bound lymphotoxin (LT) (tumor necrosis factor-beta). Two HSV-specific CD4+ CTL clones, which expressed both perforin and membrane-bound LT, exerted HSV-specific cytotoxicity and cytotoxicity against LT-sensitive L929 cells. These CD4+ CTL clones lysed HSV-infected cells directly in an HLA class II-restricted manner and did not exhibit "bystander killing. " The culture supernatants of these clones stimulated with HSV antigen showed no cytotoxicity against HSV-infected cells or L929 cells, suggesting that adhesion to target cells is essential to their antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific cytotoxicities. The cytotoxicities of these clones against HSV-infected autologous cells were inhibited by an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody but not by an anti-LT antibody. Conversely, their cytotoxicities against L929 cells appeared to be partially inhibited by the anti-LT antibody but not by the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, target cell DNA fragmentation induced by these CD4+ CTL clones was apparently observed in L929 cells but only faintly detected in HSV-infected autologous cells. L929 cell DNA fragmentation was also inhibited by adding the anti-LT antibody to CD4+ CTL cultures. These data suggest that some CD4+ CTL possess at least two cytolytic mediators, i.e., perforin and membrane-bound LT simultaneously, and can exert both antigen-specific cytotoxicity via two distinct mechanisms, necrosis and apoptosis.
External cognition: how do graphical representations work?

Advances in graphical technology have now made it possible for us to interact with information in innovative ways, most notably by exploring multimedia environments and by manipulating three-dimensional virtual worlds. Many benefits have been claimed for this new kind of interactivity, a general assumption being that learning and cognitive processing are facilitated. We point out, however, that little is known about the cognitive value ofanygraphical representations, be they good old-fashioned (e.g. diagrams) or more advanced (e.g. animations, multimedia, virtual reality). In our paper, we critique the disparate literature on graphical representations, focusing on four representative studies. Our analysis reveals a fragmented and poorly understood account of how graphical representations work, exposing a number of assumptions and fallacies. As an alternative we propose a new agenda for graphical representation research. This builds on the nascent theoretical approach within cognitive science that analyses the role played by external representations in relation to internal mental ones. We outline some of the central properties of this relationship that are necessary for the processing of graphical representations. Finally, we consider how this analysis can inform the selection and design of both traditional and advanced forms of graphical technology.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of a single dose of ceftriaxone (1,000 milligrams intravenously) for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery

The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ceftriaxone after a single intravenous injection of 1,000 mg to 17 patients for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery were studied. The patients were scheduled for elective noncardiac thoracic surgery. Adequate levels in serum (higher than or equal to the MIC for 90% of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were found for all patients throughout the surgical procedures. Mean maximal (5-min) and final (24-h) ceftriaxone levels in serum were 157 +/- 42 and 8.6 +/- 4.5 mg/liter, respectively. The beta-phase elimination half-life was 8.6 +/- 3 h, the plasma clearance was 18.4 +/- 6.25 ml/min, and the apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 0.21 +/- 0.07 liters/kg. At the time of the thoracotomy, the ceftriaxone concentrations were 13.5 +/- 7.8 micrograms/g in thoracic wall fat and 27 +/- 9 micrograms/g in lung tissue. At the time of closure, the ceftriaxone concentration was 15 +/- 9 micrograms/g in thoracic wall fat. During the different steps of the surgical procedures, 100% of patients had adequate levels in tissue (higher than or equal to the MIC for 90% of isolates of Streptococcus spp., E. coli, H. influenzae, and K. pneumoniae). For S. aureus, 90 to 100% of patients had adequate tissue ceftriaxone levels.
TreeWatch.net: A Water and Carbon Monitoring and Modeling Network to Assess Instant Tree Hydraulics and Carbon Status

TreeWatch.net is an initiative that has been developed to watch trees grow and function in real-time. It is a water- and carbon-monitoring and modeling network, in which high-quality measurements of sap flow and stem diameter variation are collected on individual trees. Automated data processing using a cloud service enables instant visualization of water movement and radial stem growth. This can be used to demonstrate the sensitivity of trees to changing weather conditions, such as drought, heat waves, or heavy rain showers. But TreeWatch.net’s true innovation lies in its use of these high-precision harmonized data to also parameterize process-based tree models in real-time, which makes displaying the much-needed mechanisms underlying tree responses to climate change possible. Continuous simulation of turgor to describe growth processes and long-term time series of hydraulic resistance to assess drought-vulnerability in real-time are only a few of the opportunities our approach offers. TreeWatch.net has been developed with the view to be complementary to existing forest monitoring networks and with the aim to contribute to existing dynamic global vegetation models. It provides high-quality data and real-time simulations in order to advance research on the impact of climate change on the biological response of trees and forests. Besides its application in natural forests to answer climate-change related scientific and political questions, we also envision a broader societal application of TreeWatch.net by selecting trees in nature reserves, public areas, cities, university areas, schoolyards, and parks to teach youngsters and create public awareness on the effects of changing weather conditions on trees and forests in this era of climate change.
Infectious Disease Containment Based on a Wireless Sensor System

Infectious diseases pose a serious threat to public health due to its high infectivity and potentially high mortality. One of the most effective ways to protect people from being infected by these diseases is through vaccination. However, due to various resource constraints, vaccinating all the people in a community is not practical. Therefore, targeted vaccination, which vaccinates a small group of people, is an alternative approach to contain infectious diseases. Since many infectious diseases spread among people by droplet transmission within a certain range, we deploy a wireless sensor system in a high school to collect contacts happened within the disease transmission distance. Based on the collected traces, a graph is constructed to model the disease propagation, and a new metric (called connectivity centrality) is presented to find the important nodes in the constructed graph for disease containment. Connectivity centrality considers both a node's local and global effect to measure its importance in disease propagation. Centrality based algorithms are presented and further enhanced by exploiting the information of the known infected nodes, which can be detected during targeted vaccination. Simulation results show that our algorithms can effectively contain infectious diseases and outperform other schemes under various conditions.
FADD is a key regulator of lipid metabolism

FADD, a classical apoptotic signaling adaptor, was recently reported to have non‐apoptotic functions. Here, we report the discovery that FADD regulates lipid metabolism. PPAR‐α is a dietary lipid sensor, whose activation results in hypolipidemic effects. We show that FADD interacts with RIP140, which is a corepressor for PPAR‐α, and FADD phosphorylation‐mimic mutation (FADD‐D) or FADD deficiency abolishes RIP140‐mediated transcriptional repression, leading to the activation of PPAR‐α. FADD‐D‐mutant mice exhibit significantly decreased adipose tissue mass and triglyceride accumulation. Also, they exhibit increased energy expenditure with enhanced fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes due to the activation of PPAR‐α. Similar metabolic phenotypes, such as reduced fat formation, insulin resistance, and resistance to HFD‐induced obesity, are shown in adipose‐specific FADD knockout mice. Additionally, FADD‐D mutation can reverse the severe genetic obesity phenotype of ob/ob mice, with elevated fatty acid oxidation and oxygen consumption in adipose tissue, improved insulin resistance, and decreased triglyceride storage. We conclude that FADD is a master regulator of glucose and fat metabolism with potential applications for treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
Autonomic modulation of heart rate variability during endotoxin shock in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE Gram-negative septic shock is associated with severe hypotension and autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that in an anesthetized rabbit model of endotoxin shock, autonomic modulation of cardiac activity, as measured by power spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) variability, would be decreased compared with the anesthetized control rabbits. DESIGN Experimental, comparative study. SETTING Laboratory of a university hospital. SUBJECTS Fourteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits (2.7 to 3.1 kg body weight) were studied under anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We studied the absolute and temporal changes in HR power spectra and plasma catecholamine concentrations in eight experimental and six control New Zealand white rabbits during Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced shock. HR, respirations, arterial blood pressure (BP), HR power spectra, and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured at 5- to 10-min intervals for 60 mins in control rabbits or until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by > or = 20 mm Hg in experimental rabbits. There were no differences in basal HR, respiratory rate, BP, HR power spectra, or catecholamine concentrations between groups. After endotoxin administration, MAP decreased (82 +/- 7 vs. 62 +/- 5 mm Hg; p < .05) as did log low-frequency HR power (-2.14 +/- 2.46 vs. -2.20 +/- 2.48 beats/min2; p < .05). Low-frequency HR power and MAP remained unchanged in control animals. Log high-frequency HR power decreased in control and experimental rabbits (-1.02 +/- 1.34 vs. -1.69 +/- 2.12 [control], p < .05; -1.53 +/- 2.19 vs. -2.19 +/- 2.85 beats/min2 [experimental], p < .05). While there was an inverse relationship between low- and high-frequency HR power and MAP, the direction of change was opposite in six of six rabbits in the control group and in six of eight rabbits in the experimental group. Plasma catecholamine concentrations did not change during the experiment in either group. CONCLUSIONS Sympathetic modulation of cardiac activity decreased, while the sympathomedullary response remained unchanged during endotoxin shock. We speculate that a concomitant decrease in low-frequency HR power as MAP decreases may prove to be an early marker for impending shock.
Total IgE in urban Black South African teenagers: The influence of atopy and helminth infection

Total IgE levels are usually elevated in allergic diseases, being highest in atopic eczema, followed by atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Genetic factors are believed to play a role in total IgE levels, with higher levels seen in Black African subjects. Total IgE is also raised in parasite infection. Thus, the higher total IgE levels in Black Africans could be because of environmental rather than genetic factors. Few studies have investigated the usefulness of total IgE levels in the evaluation of atopy in Black Africans. The objective of this study was to determine the total IgE levels in unselected urban Black African high school children and to correlate this with atopy and ascaris sensitization. Atopic status was assessed by means of specific allergen sensitization (skin prick tests to eight inhalant and four food allergens), self‐reported asthma and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness measured by methacholine challenge. Ascaris sensitization was assessed by means of ascaris IgE measured by CAP‐RAST. Total IgE levels were markedly skewed toward the left and were not distributed in a Gaussian or a log‐normal distribution. Skin prick tests were positive for aeroallergens in 32.3% of subjects. Thirty four percent had elevated ascaris IgE. Total IgE was higher in atopic vs. non‐atopic subjects and correlated with the number of positive skin prick tests, self‐reported asthma and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness. Subjects without allergy (or) atopy had a median total IgE of 80–90 kU/I. In addition total IgE correlated with ascaris IgE. Subjects with no ascaris sensitization had median total IgE of 77.1 kU/l. Subjects with neither atopy/asthma nor ascaris sensitisation had a median total IgE of 69.9 kU/I, similar to the levels seen in people of other genetic origins. This study suggests that helminthic infection rather than genetic differences, may be the major determining factor of IgE levels in certain populations.
Whatever happened to abstracts from different sections of the association for research in vision and ophthalmology?

PURPOSE The authors investigated the fate of abstracts from each ARVO section (May 1985 meeting), the overall publication percentage, and the journals in which the abstract-derived articles were published. METHODS They performed a MEDLINE search by first author for 25 or 26 randomly selected abstracts from each section to identify those that led to full-length articles in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Overall, 63% of abstracts led to full-length articles in peer-reviewed journals within our search period of 87 months. The publication rate of oral presentation abstracts (68%) was significantly higher than that of poster presentation abstracts (56%). A greater proportion of basic science-oriented abstracts (67%) led to publication than the clinically oriented abstracts (56%). The rate of publication was lowest for the Cornea section (40%) and highest for Physiology and Pharmacology (80%) and Biochemistry (76%). The abstract-derived articles were published in 67 different peer-reviewed journals, with 43% of the articles appearing in only five journals. CONCLUSIONS The fact that the majority of abstracts led to full-length articles supports ARVO's goal of a large interdisciplinary appeal with the exchange of ideas among different investigators.