Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early stages of the recovery stroke in myosin II studied by molecular dynamics simulations

The recovery stroke is a key step in the functional cycle of muscle motor protein myosin, during which pre‐recovery conformation of the protein is changed into the active post‐recovery conformation, ready to exersice force. We study the microscopic details of this transition using molecular dynamics simulations of atomistic models in implicit and explicit solvent. In more than 2 μs of aggregate simulation time, we uncover evidence that the recovery stroke is a two‐step process consisting of two stages separated by a time delay. In our simulations, we directly observe the first stage at which switch II loop closes in the presence of adenosine triphosphate at the nucleotide binding site. The resulting configuration of the nucleotide binding site is identical to that detected experimentally. Distribution of inter‐residue distances measured in the force generating region of myosin is in good agreement with the experimental data. The second stage of the recovery stroke structural transition, rotation of the converter domain, was not observed in our simulations. Apparently it occurs on a longer time scale. We suggest that the two parts of the recovery stroke need to be studied using separate computational models.
One personality, multiple selves: integrating personality and social roles.

How do people maintain multiple, role-specific self-conceptions as well as a consistent sense of self? In a sample of middle-aged women, we examined three issues: (a) the ways in which people view themselves as both different and similar across social roles (e.g., parent, friend, worker), (b) how role-specific self-conceptions and general self-conceptions are related, and (c) the merits of predicting role-specific criteria from role-specific and general self-conceptions. Results showed that subjects' self-conceptions were specific to role contexts, yet highly correlated across those same role contexts. In addition, role-specific self-conceptions were more similar to the general self-concept for roles with which the individual was more satisfied. Finally, as predicted from the bandwidth-fidelity trade-off, ratings of the general self correlated moderately with outcomes across all role domains, whereas ratings of role-specific self-conceptions correlated strongly with outcomes for the same role, but not in other roles.
Occupational Therapists' Self-Assessment after Participation in a Course on Theory and Research

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an audiotape continuing education program on how theory relates to research. Thirty-nine occupational therapists who had been assigned to a control group or an audiotape group in a previous study served as subjects. Analysis of variance revealed that the audiotape group scored significantly higher than the control group on written tests completed immediately after the continuing education program and 6 to 9 months later. Chi-square analyses of the responses to a self-report questionnaire on research-related behavior revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Thus, although the continuing education program increased knowledge, participation in the program did not significantly increase involvement in research-related behaviors.
Adult literacy education in Timor-Leste: multilayered multilingualism

This article reports on multilingualism in adult literacy education in Timor-Leste and explores how choices made at the formal level of national language policy are dealt with at the operational level of adult literacy education. The 2002 constitution of Timor-Leste declares Portuguese and Tetum as the official languages. It recognises the need for regional languages to be valued and developed by the state and proclaims Indonesian and English as working languages. The national language-in-education policy is mainly concerned with Portuguese and Tetum. A broad study of 100 teachers and about 750 learners, and an in-depth study in 20 classes, revealed the interplay between the official language and language-in-education policy and the country's complex multilingual setting in adult literacy education. Tetum was the target language in literacy programmes, but the (broad) study found no clear differences in beginning literacy skills (the reading and writing of words) between learners with and without proficiency in Tetum. The studies revealed the strong position of Tetum and the educational importance of regional languages, and both findings are mirrored in more recent versions of the language-in-education policy. The studies also revealed the more limited occurrence of Portuguese in both teachers' and learners' language proficiency and day-to-day use, as well as in adult literacy education.
Medication adherence and growth in children with CKD.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Poor growth is a consequence of CKD, but can often be partially or fully prevented or corrected with the use of a number of medications. The extent of nonadherence with medications used to treat or mitigate growth failure in CKD has not been examined prospectively in children with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The prevalence of both prescription of and nonadherence to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), phosphate binders, alkali, active vitamin D, nutritional vitamin D, iron, and erythrocyte-stimulating agents was summarized over the first seven visits of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. The association between self-reported nonadherence to each medication group and the mean annual change in age- and sex-specific height z score was quantified using seven separate linear regression models with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Of 834 participants, 597 reported use of at least one of these medication groups and had adherence data available. Nonadherence ranged from 4% over all visits for erythrocyte-stimulating agents to 22% over all visits for nutritional vitamin D. Of the study participants, 451 contributed data to at least one of the analyses of adherence and changes in height z score. Children nonadherent to rhGH had no change in height z score, whereas those adherent to rhGH had a significant improvement of 0.16 SDs (95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.27); the effect size was slightly larger and remained significant after adjustment. Among participants with height≤3rd percentile and after adjustment, adherence to rhGH was associated with a 0.33 SD (95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.56) greater change in height z score. Nonadherence with other medication groups was not significantly associated with a change in height z score. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported nonadherence to rhGH was associated with poorer growth velocity in children with CKD, suggesting an opportunity for intervention and improved patient outcome.
Examining the Impact of Servant Leadership on Sales Force Performance

Much has been written about the importance of focusing on customers to drive organizational success. In this paper, aspects of manager–salesperson relationships are examined as drivers of deeper customer focus in salesperson–customer interactions. In particular, managers’ servant leadership, a leadership style emphasizing genuine concern for subordinate welfare, is examined as a catalyst of parallel concern by salespeople for their customers. Salesperson perceptions of managers’ servant leadership empirically relate to salesperson customer orientation, in turn driving adaptive selling behaviors, customer-directed extra-role behaviors, and sales performance outcomes. Other results and implications for management and sales leadership research are presented.
Parameter Sensitivity of Support Vector Regression and Neural Networks for Forecasting

I. INTRODUCTION ccurate corporate decisions in an uncertain future environment requires accurate forecasting [1, 2]. As a consequence, significant effort has been invested in developing forecasting methods with enhanced forecasting accuracy, extending established statistical approaches of Exponential Smoothing and ARIMA-methods towards nonlinear methods of ARCH, GARCH, STAR etc. and methods of computational intelligence [3]. While statistical methods are embedded in a methodology following iterative model building and parameterization based upon a prior theory, methods from computational intelligence such as support vector regression (SVR) and neural networks (NN) are semi-parametric, data-driven methods which capture the underlying linear and/or non-linear model form and suitable parameters directly from the data [4]. Thus they offer promising features to applications to various business forecasting domains where limited tangible knowledge on an underlying model form exists, such as accounting, finance, marketing, economics, production, tourism, transportation etc. [2, 5]. However, in contrast to statistical methods, NN as well as SVR have not been established in business practice despite their attractive theoretical properties. In particular, the limited empirical studies on time series forecasting with NN
Terbinafine inhibits endothelial cell migration through suppression of the Rho-mediated pathway

We showed previously that terbinafine, an allylamine with fungicidal activity, could inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing the endothelial cell proliferation. In the present study, we further showed that terbinafine (0–120 μmol/L) dose dependently inhibited the adhesion and migration of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Western blot analysis showed that terbinafine decreased the levels of Ras protein and membrane-bound RhoA protein. Moreover, the terbinafine-induced migration inhibition in HUVEC was prevented by pretreatment with farnesol or geranylgeraniol. Pretreatment of HUVEC with Ras inhibitor peptide or a ROCK (a kinase associated with RhoA for transducing RhoA signaling) inhibitor, Y27632, abolished the farnesol- or geranylgeraniol-induced prevention effect on the terbinafine-induced migration inhibition, respectively. These data suggest that the consuming or depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and consequent suppression of protein geranylgeranylation and farnesylation, which is essential for activation of Rho GTPases and Ras, respectively, might account for the terbinafine-induced inhibition of HUVEC migration. The levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase and paxillin protein and the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were also decreased by terbinafine treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that suppression of Rho-mediated pathway might be involved in the signal transduction leading to the inhibition of cell migration caused by terbinafine in HUVEC. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(12):3130–8]
Between indifference and coercion: Third-party intervention techniques in ongoing disputes

Research on third parties’ conflict management has traditionally proposed a stark dichotomy between neutral mediators and non-neutral military joiners. Recent studies have blurred this dichotomy but have not investigated joiners’ use of techniques other than military action. Using data from Corbetta and Dixon (2005) on non-neutral interventions in post-Second World War interstate disputes, this paper explores non-neutral third parties’ choice of diplomatic, economic or military intervention techniques. It hypothesizes that such a choice is a function of third parties’ intensity of preferences for one side in conflict and antagonism toward the other side, which result from social proximity to the disputants.
The Collembola of Lebanon and Western Syria. Part I. General Considerations and the Family Onychiuridae

The Collembolan fauna of the eastern end of the Mediterranean is still very poorly known. Brown (1926) made the first major contribution by describing twelve species taken by Buxton and Evans in the region of Amara and Baghdad in Iraq. Handschin (1942) recorded all but one of these species from Palestine, and added 26 additional forms. In his recent paper upon the Collembola taken during a speleological expedition in Lebanon, Cassagnau (1951) added 25 new forms to this list. In addition to these major works a number of smaller papers have been published upon new material or further records.
Manis valuations and Prüfer extensions. I

We call a commutative ring extension A R Pr ufer, if A is an R-Pr ufer ring in the sense of Gri n (Can. J. Math. 26 (1974)). These extensions relate to Manis valuations in much the same way as Pr ufer domains to Krull valuations. We develop a basic theory of Pr ufer extensions and give some examples. In the introduction we try to explain why Pr ufer extensions deserve interest from a geometric viewpoint. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classi cation: Primary 13A18; Secondary 13B02, 13B30.
Intravenous albumin for preventing severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a Cochrane review.

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of human albumin administration in prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was reviewed using the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group literature search strategy. METHODS Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the effect of human albumin with placebo or no treatment were included in this review. Seven RCT were identified, five of which met our inclusion criteria and enrolled 378 women (193 in the albumin-treated group and 185 in the control group). Trials under consideration were evaluated for methodological quality and appropriateness for inclusion without consideration of their results. The five included trials were single-centre parallel RCT. Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers using the standardized data extraction sheet. Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomization, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of crossover and co-intervention. RESULTS There was significant reduction in severe OHSS on administration of human albumin [odds ratio (OR): 0.28; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.11-0.73]. Relative risk was 0.35 (95% CI 0.14-0.87) and absolute risk reduction was 5.5. For every 18 women at risk of severe OHSS, albumin infusion will save one more case. There was no evidence of an increase in the pregnancy rate [OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.65-1.83)]. CONCLUSIONS This Cochrane review shows a clear benefit from administration of i.v. albumin at the time of oocyte retrieval in prevention of severe OHSS in high-risk cases. Whether the number needed to treat would justify the routine use of albumin infusion in cases at risk of severe OHSS needs to be judged by clinical decision-makers.
Investigation of SMAP Fusion Algorithms With Airborne Active and Passive L-Band Microwave Remote Sensing

The objective of the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is to provide global measurements of soil moisture and freeze/thaw states. SMAP integrates L-band radar and radiometer instruments as a single observation system combining the respective strengths of active and passive remote sensing for enhanced soil moisture mapping. Airborne instruments are a key part of the SMAP validation program. Here, we present an airborne campaign in the Rur catchment, Germany, in which the passive L-band system Polarimetric L-band Multi-beam Radiometer and the active L-band system F-SAR of DLR were flown simultaneously on six dates in 2013. The flights covered the full heterogeneity of the area under investigation, i.e., the main land cover types and all experimental monitoring sites. Here, we used the obtained data sets as a test bed for the analysis of three active-passive fusion techniques: 1) estimation of soil moisture by passive sensor data and subsequent disaggregation by active sensor backscatter data; 2) disaggregation of passive microwave brightness temperature by active microwave backscatter and subsequent inversion to soil moisture; and 3) fusion of two single-source soil moisture products from radar and radiometer. Results indicate that the regression parameters β are dependent on the radar vegetation index. The best performance was obtained by the fusion of radiometer brightness temperatures and radar backscatter, which was able to reach the same accuracy as single-source coarse-scale radiometer soil moisture retrieval but on a higher spatial resolution.
Sibling Conflict and Ineffective Parenting as Predictors of Adolescent Boys' Antisocial Behavior and Peer Difficulties: Additive and Interactional Effects

Extensive sibling conflict is predictive of multiple poor adjustment outcomes during adolescence and early adulthood, but the frequency and developmental impact of such conflict may be conditional on ineffective parenting. Thus, sibling conflict may add to or amplify the negative effects of ineffective parenting on adolescent boys' adjustment. Hypotheses in this study were that: (a) multiple informant measures of problematic parent–child relationships and of sibling conflict would form distinct constructs rather than a single negative family process construct, and (b) ineffective parenting, sibling conflict, and their interaction measured at ages 10 to 12 would predict boys' concurrent status and developmental trajectories for antisocial behavior and peer adjustment across a 4-year span from ages 12 to 16. Confirmatory factor and latent growth modeling analyses were consistent with these hypotheses, demonstrating the important developmental impact of sibling conflict.
Frequency Alterations in Key Innate Immune Cell Components in the Peripheral Blood of Dengue Patients Detected by FACS Analysis

Dengue is a timing disease, and frequently dengue patients do not seek help until 2–3 days after prodrome. Thus, the innate immune parameters in dengue patients remain largely unexplored. A comprehensive FACS profiling of key innate immune cells in the peripheral blood of dengue patients was performed. Twenty-seven dengue patients varying in days of fever onset were enrolled and the majority of them had primary infection based on serological results. FACS panels were used to evaluate NK cells, platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA), inflammatory monocytes, and plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). FACS results showed the following findings: (i) NK cells significantly dropped on day 5 after the onset of fever and gradually returned to normal within 2 weeks of illness; (ii) biphasic PLA were observed, maximum levels were reached on days 6–8 and 11–16, and platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA) were the most frequent event; (iii) inflammatory monocytes were consistently lower on days 5–8 and gradually returned to the normal level in the second week of illness, and (iv) pDC reached the maximum level on day 5 and gradually declined to the baseline level after 1 week of illness. In contrast, mDC fluctuated somewhat during the first week of illness and returned to the baseline level in the second week of illness. The most interesting finding was the biphasic PLA, in particular the PMA. These innate immunological parameters could be a crucial factor dictating the complicated pathogenesis of dengue disease.
Interactions do not only tell us when, but can also tell us how: Testing process hypotheses by interaction

Hypotheses about psychological processes are often tested using traditional mediation analysis. This analysis relies on measurement of a transmitting variable. Conducting this analysis has become almost synonymous with examining process hypotheses. An alternative strategy to mediation analysis (the Testing-a-Process-hypothesis-by-an-Interaction Strategy, TPIS) is illustrated here. TPIS is based on a fully experimental design whereby a hypothesized process is tested by an interaction between the hypothesized cause of an effect and a contextual variable. In the interaction term, the contextual variable allows comparison of the causal effect observed when the process is uninterrupted to the effect observed when the process is interrupted. Thus, TPIS translates a theoretical process hypothesis into a statistical interaction hypothesis that uses a fully experimental design to directly examine the hypothesized process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis A and B Infections Among Expatriates in Papua New Guinea: A Missed Opportunity for Immunization.

Background: Hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) are hyperendemic among the indigenous population of Papua New Guinea (PNG), but little is known of the recent epidemiology of these diseases among the large number of expatriates living in PNG. Methods: The authors sought to determine the prevalence and rate of acquiring HAV and HBV antibody markers in expatriate missionaries, using a cross-sectional serosurvey method. Results: The authors entered 501 subjects into the study; the subjects had a mean time in-country of 100 months. Evidence for past infection with HAV was found in 47% of subjects (n=179) who had not received gamma globulin. Being a health care worker did not increase the probability of being HAV positive, but being a houseparent who cared for missionary children did (p=.06). Fifty percent of children <21 years old had positive HAV markers. Having a family member with a history of supposed "hepatitis" significantly increased the probability of being HAV positive (p=.0001). Evidence for past infection with HBV was found in 9.5% of subjects (n=46). Among those with evidence of past infection, 31% were <16 years old. Both infections are acquired more rapidly in children than in adults, and HAV is acquired more rapidly than HBV. Conclusions: Expatriates living in the hyperendemic setting of PNG have high seroprevalence rates for evidence of infection with HAV (47%) and HBV (9.5%). Children have rates of infection equal to, or greater than, adults in this setting. Expatriates living in countries with high endemic rates of HAV and HBV infection are at high risk of acquiring these infections and should be targeted to receive information about the risks of disease and the benefits of immunization.
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection may be Limited on the Contralateral Side in Strictly Unilateral Bladder Cancer without Compromising Oncological Radicality

Background: Results of a dynamic multimodality mapping study showed no lymphatic drainage of the lateral bladder wall to the contralateral internal iliac region. Objectives: To validate whether pathoanatomical mapping in bladder cancer (BC) patients can confirm these results. Methods: Between 01/2000 and 07/2013, 825 BC patients preoperatively staged ≥pT1 and without clinical signs of metastases (cN0 cM0) underwent extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) and radical cystectomy at our department. Of these patients, 23% (193/825) were lymph node (LN) positive in the pathological specimen; 26% (51/193) of this subgroup had strictly unilateral BC. Pathoanatomical mapping was used to retrospectively validate the distribution of LN involvement in these 51 patients. Results: A median of 35 LNs were removed per patient (range: 13–80 LNs), with a median of 2 positive LNs (range: 1–14 LNs). 27% (14/51) of patients presented with LN metastases on the contralateral side. No positive LNs were found in the contralateral internal iliac region or the contralateral fossa of Marcille. 10% (5/51) of patients had LN metastases only on the contralateral side without evidence of metastases on the tumor-bearing side. Conclusions: Our findings corroborate the data of a dynamic mapping study showing bilateral lymphatic drainage in almost one third of patients with strictly unilateral BC, but no lymphatic drainage from the lateral bladder wall to the contralateral internal iliac region. If prospective studies confirm these results, the contralateral internal iliac region may be omitted during ePLND in patients with strictly unilateral BC.