Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of use of the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 diagnostic categories for mental and behavioural disorders across world regions

Aims. The study aimed to examine variations in the use of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) diagnostic categories for mental and behavioural disorders across countries, regions and income levels using data from the online World Psychiatric Association (WPA)-World Health Organization (WHO) Global Survey that examined the attitudes of psychiatrists towards the classification of mental disorders. Methods. A survey was sent to 46 psychiatric societies which are members of WPA. A total of 4887 psychiatrists participated in the survey, which asked about their use of classification, their preferred system and the categories that were used most frequently. Results. The majority (70.1%) of participating psychiatrists (out of 4887 psychiatrists) reported using the ICD-10 the most and using at least one diagnostic category once a week. Nine out of 44 diagnostic categories were considerably variable in terms of frequency of use across countries. These were: emotionally unstable personality disorder, borderline type; dissociative (conversion) disorder; somatoform disorders; obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol; adjustment disorder; mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of cannabinoids; dementia in Alzheimer's disease; and acute and transient psychotic disorder. The frequency of use for these nine categories was examined across WHO regions and income levels. The most striking differences across WHO regions were found for five out of these nine categories. For dissociative (conversion) disorder, use was highest for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) and non-existent for the WHO African Region. For mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol, use was lowest for EMRO. For mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of cannabinoids, use was lowest for the WHO European Region and the WHO Western Pacific Region. For OCD and somatoform disorders, use was lowest for EMRO and the WHO Southeast Asian Region. Differences in the frequency of use across income levels were statistically significant for all categories except for mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol. The most striking variations were found for acute and transient psychotic disorder, which was reported to be more commonly used among psychiatrists from countries with lower income levels. Conclusions. The differences in frequency of use reported in the current study show that cross-cultural variations in psychiatric practice exist. However, whether these differences are due to the variations in prevalence, treatment-seeking behaviour and other factors, such as psychiatrist and patient characteristics as a result of culture, cannot be determined based on the findings of the study. Further research is needed to examine whether these variations are culturally determined and how that would affect the cross-cultural applicability of ICD-10 diagnostic categories.
Geoscientiic Geoscientiic Geoscientiic Geoscientiic Trophic state of benthic deep-sea ecosystems from two different continental margins off Iberia

The bioavailability of organic matter in benthic deep-sea ecosystems, commonly used to define their trophic state, can greatly influence key ecological processes such as biomass production and nutrient cycling. Here, we assess the trophic state of deep-sea sediments from open slopes and canyons of the Catalan (NW Mediterranean) and Portuguese (NE Atlantic) continental margins, offshore east and west Iberia, respectively, by using a biomimetic approach based on enzymatic digestion of protein and carbohydrate pools. Patterns of sediment trophic state were analyzed in relation to increasing water depth, including repeated samplings over a 3 yr period in the Catalan margin. Two out of the three sampling periods occurred a few months after dense shelf water cascading events. The benthic deep-sea ecosystems investigated in this study were characterized by high amounts of bioavailable organic matter when compared to other deepsea sediments. Bioavailable organic matter and its nutritional value were significantly higher in the Portuguese margin than in the Catalan margin, thus reflecting differences in primary productivity of surface waters reported for the two regions. Similarly, sediments of the Catalan margin were characterized by significantly higher food quantity and quality in spring, when the phytoplankton bloom occurs in surface waters, than in summer and autumn. Differences in the benthic trophic state of canyons against open slopes were more evident in the Portuguese than in the Catalan margin. In both continental margins, bioavailable organic C concentrations did not vary or increase with increasing water depth. Overall, our findings suggest that the intensity of primary production processes along with the lateral transfer of organic particles, even amplified by episodic events, can have a role in controlling the quantity and distribution of bioavailable organic detritus and its nutritional value along these continental margin ecosystems.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamases in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from India.

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-mediated carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii is a major concern. We investigated the presence of NDM and its variants in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii at a tertiary hospital in North India. A total of 236 isolates (130 P. aeruginosa and 106 A. baumannii) were included; 38 (29.23%) P. aeruginosa and 20 A. baumannii isolates (18.8%) were resistant to carbapenems and all of them were blaNDM positive. All 38 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa harbored blaNDM-1, while 12 (60%) of 20 A. baumannii harbored blaNDM-2. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all 58 isolates were clonally unrelated. By Southern blot analysis, blaNDM-2 was located on chromosome. The blaNDM-2-positive isolates were more frequently recovered from tracheal aspirate (67% vs.16%; p = 0.02) and intensive care unit (67% vs. 20%; p = 0.001) than blaNDM-1. Among other carbapenemases, VIM was significantly associated with blaNDM-1 than blaNDM-2 (61% vs. 17%; p = 0.006). Mortality between blaNDM-1- and blaNDM-2-infected patients was comparable. When expressed in Escherichia coli, blaNDM-2 transformant conferred one doubling dilution higher MIC value for cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam than blaNDM-1. The study shows the emergence of blaNDM-mediated resistance among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii and rapid evolution of blaNDM-2 in A. baumannii with its chromosomal localization.
Utilization of Production-scale Machine in Experimental Fiber Material Convertibility Testing Using a Novel Press-forming Tool Set

The convertibility of paperboard in a press-forming process was studied using a novel type of tool set that allows forming of small substrates such as laboratory handsheets (i.e. experimental materials) to investigate the role of mold design on substrate-press-tool interaction. The tool set makes it possible to prepare rectangular trays in both sliding and fixed blank modes in a pilot-scale press-forming machine. The tests showed that the fixed-blank mode makes it possible to estimate the elongation of the substrate in the forming process by determining the maximum forming depth for rupture-free samples. A more detailed inspection with an optical microscope of grid-patterned materials revealed that elongation took place mostly on the rim area in addition to the tray wall, and that the outer dimensions of the blank remained practically unchanged. The behavior of the material in press forming process was evaluated in addition to the novel tool set in a bigger, production-scale mold, and results showed good agreement between the small tool set and the standard mold, in spite of the dimensional differences. The smaller size of the mold did not require a compromise in any aspect of the press-forming process.
Children's planning performance in the Zoo Map task (BADS-C): Is it driven by general cognitive ability, executive functioning, or prospection?

ABSTRACT A minimal amount of research has examined the cognitive predictors of children's performance in naturalistic, errand-type planning tasks such as the Zoo Map task of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children (BADS-C). Thus, the current study examined prospection (i.e., the ability to remember to carry out a future intention), executive functioning, and intelligence markers as predictors of performance in this widely used naturalistic planning task in 56 children aged 7- to 12-years-old. Measures of planning, prospection, inhibition, crystallized intelligence, and fluid intelligence were collected in an individual differences study. Regression analyses showed that prospection (rather than traditional measures of intelligence or inhibition) predicted planning, suggesting that naturalistic planning tasks such as the Zoo Map task may rely on future-oriented cognitive processes rather than executive problem solving or general knowledge.
Disproportionately Victimized by Consumer Fraud Contrary to Psychological and Popular Opinion , There Is No Compelling Evidence That Older Adults Are

According to psychological and popular opinion, older persons are especially susceptible to consumer fraud. Research on cognitive and affective aging reveals age-related changes that could increase the vulnerability of older persons to consumer fraud. However, this research does not show that consumer fraud actually is more prevalent among older persons. In generalizing from laboratory findings of cognitive decline to age differences in the prevalence of consumer fraud, psychologists may underestimate the influence in everyday life of possible protective factors associated with old age, including increased experience and changes in goals, lifestyle, income, as well as purchasing and risk behaviors. We review evidence on the prevalence of consumer fraud and conclude that there is no clear indication that it is more prevalent among older persons. Aggregating across all consumer frauds, there is evidence that consumer fraud is less common among older persons than adults of other ages. This evidence is potentially flawed, however, because of failings inherent in the methodologies. In the absence of irrefutable data, it is premature to conclude that consumer fraud is less prevalent among older adults, but it is also premature to conclude that consumer fraud is more prevalent among older persons, as is assumed in conventional and psychological wisdom.
Genetic variation of Abies alba in Italy

Italy represents the southern limit of Abies alba (Mill.) (silver fir) distribution in Europe. In this region, populations are widely spread in different and isolated habitats. We used allozyme markers to study the genetic structure of ten natural populations of this species from the northern, central, and southern parts of Italy. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.129 to 0.180 and was similar to that found in other conifers. In contrast to other conifers, all the populations investigated in the present study showed a deficiency of heterozygotes. Partial inbreeding due to restricted pollen dispersal and Wahlund effect could be responsible for this situation. The central populations harboured more variability than the populations from other parts of Italy. The present study revealed significant differentiation among the investigated populations. The average genetic distance for all pair-wise comparisons between the ten populations was 0.014. Populations from the central Italy showed closer affinity to the southern populations than to the populations from the northern Italy. Our results suggest that the A. alba populations in central Italy have originated either through a postglacial blending of two different populations or through expansion of the southern populations. In addition, they confirm distinct character of populations from the southern Italy.
The Dual Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Cholangiocarcinoma Cells: Anti-Invasion Activity at Low Concentration and Apoptosis Induction at High Concentration

ABSTRACT Currently, only gemcitabine plus platinum demonstrates the considerable activity for cholangiocarcinoma. The anticancer effect of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal active component of cannabinoids has been demonstrated in various kinds of cancers. We therefore evaluate the antitumor effects of THC on cholangiocarcinoma cells. Both cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and surgical specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients expressed cannabinoid receptors. THC inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. THC also decreased actin polymerization and reduced tumor cell survival in anoikis assay. pMEK1/2 and pAkt demonstrated the lower extent than untreated cells. Consequently, THC is potentially used to retard cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and metastasis.
Characterization of Water-Soluble Intermediates and Solid Residues from Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose in a Wire-Mesh Reactor

The fast pyrolysis characteristics of cellulose were investigated in a wire-mesh reactor, which minimized the secondary reactions between the solid residues and the evolved volatiles during pyrolysis and facilitated the collection of the primary intermediates and volatiles. The main component of the water-soluble intermediates was anhydro-oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (DP). The yields of cellotriosan and cellotetraosan in the intermediates were much higher than those of levoglucosan and cellobiosan in the early pyrolysis stage, indicating that the depolymerization of the cellulose chain occurred during a random cleavage process. Anhydro-oligosaccharides with DP up to 3, and partially decomposed sugar-ring-containing oligomers, were identified in the primary volatiles. Among the sugar-ring-containing oligomers, the compound with a relative molecular weight of 222 was considered to be the product of a reverse aldolization reaction. An analysis of the solid residues confirmed the occurrence of intramolecular dehydration during the cellulose pyrolysis.
The effect of age of acquisition: Partly frequency related, partly frequency independent

A review of multitask investigations on the locus of the age-of-acquisition (AoA) effect in the English, Dutch, and French languages reveals two main findings. First, for most tasks there is near perfect correlation between the magnitude of the AoA effect and the magnitude of the frequency effect, even though the stimuli were selected so that both variables were orthogonal. This frequency-related AoA effect is as large as the frequency effect, despite the fact that the range of AoA values is more restricted than the range of frequency values. Second, a frequency-independent AoA effect is observed in object naming and word associate generation. Different explanations of the frequency-related and the frequency-independent AoA effects are reviewed and evaluated.
A Comparison of Coarse Bedload Transport Measured with Bedload Traps and Helley-Smith Samplers

Gravel bedload transport rates were measured at eight study sites in coarse-bedded Rocky Mountain streams using 4-6 bedload traps deployed across the stream width and a 76 by 76 mm opening Helley Smith sampler. Transport rates obtained from bedload traps increased steeply with flow which resulted in steep and well-defined transport rating curves with exponents of 8 to 16. Gravel transport rates measured by the Helley- Smith sampler started with much higher transport rates during low flows and increased less steeply, thus fitted bedload rating curves were less steep with exponents of 2 to 4. Transport rates measured with both samplers approached similar results near or above bankfull flow, but at 50 % of bankfull, transport rates from the bedload traps were 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than those obtained from the Helley-Smith sampler. The maximum bedload particle sizes also differed between the two samplers. They were smaller in the bedload traps than the Helley-Smith sampler at low flows, while at higher flows bedload traps collected larger particles than the Helley-Smith sampler. Differences in sampler opening size and sampling time contribute to the measured differences, but the biggest effect is likely attributable to the bedload traps being mounted on ground plates thus avoiding direct contact between the sampler and the bed and preventing involuntary particle pick up.
The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer

Introduction According to recent estimates, approximately 28,000 new cases of gastric cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2017. There has been a significant downward trend in the overall incidence of gastric cancer in recent years. The incidence per 100,000 people decreased from 12 in 1976 to 6.7 in 2013, and it is still declining. Gastric cancer mortality rates have also similarly decreased—the 5-year relative survival for all patients has doubled since the mid1970s. Unfortunately, despite these gains, about 70% of patients diagnosed with this disease will not be alive 5 years post diagnosis. Even for the subgroup of patients who present with localized disease without regional lymph node metastasis, the 5-year relative survival rate is an unsatisfactory 64%. Although great progress has been made in the management of gastric cancer, there is clear opportunity for continued improvement. Worldwide, gastric cancer remains among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies, although the international annual incidence is also falling. The causes of gastric cancer remain multifactorial but perhaps the 2 strongest predisposing factors are infection with Helicobacter pylori and frequent ingestion of salted or smoked foods. While in Western nations the initial decrease in gastric cancer incidence began in the early to mid-20th century, a comparable trend has been noted only more recently in endemic areas such as Japan or South Korea. The widespread availability of food refrigeration and the successful treatment of active H. pylori infection have been identified as key interventions leading to the lower prevalence of gastric cancers. Nonetheless, although the worldwide per-capita rates of gastric cancer are decreasing, the overall number of new cases continues to grow with the increasing worldwide population and the median age at diagnosis continues to decrease. In accordance with changes in domestic and worldwide incidence, shifts in histologic and distribution patterns have also occurred over the past several decades. The most common intestinal histologic subtype carries a better prognosis, but the diffuse histologic subtype, which carries a poor prognosis, typically affects younger patients and does not appear as dependent on environmental factors as does the intestinal histologic subtype. The diffuse histologic subtype now represents approximately 20% of gastric cancer diagnoses in recently reported American studies. Furthermore, a notable anatomic shift has occurred: Tumors of the gastric cardia have become more Abstract
Measuring Student Behaviour Dynamics in a Large Interactive Classroom Setting

Digital devices (most often laptops and smartphones), though desired tools by students in a higher education classroom, have in the past been shown to serve more as distractors than supporters of learning. One of the reasons is the often undirected nature of the devices' usage. With our work we aim to turn students' digital devices into teaching and communication tools by seamlessly interleaving lecture material and complex questions in the students' browser through ASQ, a Web application for broadcasting and tracking interactive presentations. ASQ's fine-grained logging abilities allow us to track second by second to what extent students are engaging with ASQ which in turn enables insights into student behaviour dynamics. This setup enables us to conduct "in situ" experiments. Based on the logs collected in a longitudinal study over a ten week period across 14 lectures with more than 300 students, we investigate (i) to what extent ASQ can be reliably employed to assess attention and learning in the classroom, and (ii) whether different in-class question spacing strategies impact student learning and engagement.
Variations in the peak expiratory flow rate with various factors in a population of healthy women of the malwa region of punjab, India.

OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to study the variations in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) with various factors like age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in healthy women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred healthy women who were aged 20-50 years were selected from the Malwa region of Punjab and their PEFRs were determined. The influences of age, height, weight, BSA and BMI on the PEFR were studied. The PEFR test was performed by using a mini Wright Peak Expiratory flow meter. RESULTS The mean PEFR of the women of the Malwa region of Punjab was found to be 395.87 ± 56.81 litres/minute. The PEFR increased with an increase in the age, height, weight and the BSA, but it decreased with an increase in the BMI. CONCLUSION This study generated the preliminary values of PEFR for the women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India.
Historical biogeography of Polyura butterflies in the oriental Palaeotropics: trans‐archipelagic routes and South Pacific island hopping

The respective contribution of vicariance and/or dispersal events to the evolution of clades dwelling in the archipelagic parts of the Oriental and Australian regions remains equivocal. Using a complete, species‐level phylogeny of Polyura butterflies that are widespread in the oriental Palaeotropics, we aim to test predictions related to vicariance driven by past abiotic factors in the Indo‐Australian archipelago (IAA) (Miocene tectonics and Pleistocene climatic shifts) versus repeated trans‐archipelagic dispersal events.
GRAIN REFINEMENT AND MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION IN ALUMINUM A2618 ALLOY BY HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION

This work presents a study related to the grain refinement of an aluminum A2618 alloy achieved by High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) known as a process of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD). The HPT is conducted on disks of the alloy under an applied pressure of 6 GPa for 1 and 5 turns with a rotation speed of 1 rpm at room temperature. The HPT processing leads to microstructural refinement with an average grain size of ~250 nm at a saturation level after 5 turns. Gradual increases in hardness are observed from the beginning of straining up to a saturation level. This study thus suggests that hardening due to grain refinement is attained by the HPT processing of the A2618 alloy at room temperature.