Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Management of Critically Ill Patients: Analysis and Implementation

A number of important clinical trials focusing on critically ill patients have been completed in the last few years. These trials have been among the first critical care clinical trials to demonstrate mortality reduction in the critically ill. As in any adaptation of evidence-based medicine, it is essential to closely examine the trials and to determine whether the demonstrated benefits can be translated to the individual patient. In addition to the primary outcome, usually survival benefit, it is also important to examine cost-effectiveness. All of the trials examined in this review were able to demonstrate mortality reduction. Most focused on patients with severe sepsis, because this population has been associated with both frequent mortality and increased hospital costs. Some of the interventions, such as small tidal volume mechanical ventilation in patients with acute lung injury or the administration of low-dose corticosteroids for patients with septic shock, are cost-effective and relatively simple to implement. Others, such as use of activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis or “tight” glycemic control in patients with hyperglycemia, require either significant pharmaceutical expenditure or, possibly, additional health care personnel. Nevertheless, the trials discussed represent significant advances in the field of critical care medicine and should at least be considered for implementation in all intensive care units.
Regulating Emotions-Young Children's Views on What Adults Can Do

The purpose of this exploratory study was to understand the emotion regulation experience of young children, aged three to four, attending a nursery school of a Local Authority. This study aimed to reveal young children’s perspectives on emotion regulation and in particular on the way the children see adults playing a part in the children’s emotion regulation. It also aimed to explore ways of engaging young children and eliciting their views. A sample size of 6 participants together with a qualitative triangulated data collection method, offered by the Mosaic approach, revealed unique insights into children’s lived experiences. The data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Findings showed that young children view adults playing an important role in supporting their emotion regulation and that there are a number of ways children found adults can do that successfully. Findings also showed that adults can sometimes be seen as unhelpful by the children, particularly when they were misinterpreting the child’s emotions. Other children were seen as helpful in supporting the emotion regulation of fictional characters or children’s own. Occasionally children also reported dealing with emotions on their own. All methods of data collection generated interesting data but some were more prevalent in generating the key themes around the adults’ role. The thesis offers a critical review of the strengths and limitations of this research together with potential directions for future research. It concludes with implications for the profession and researchers’ reflections on the study.
Automated Test Generation for Detection of Leaks in Android Applications

Android devices have limited hardware resources (e.g., memory). Excessive consumption of such resources may lead to crashes, poor responsiveness, battery drain, and negative user experience. We propose an approach for systematic automated test generation to expose resource leak defects in Android applications. We first define the notion of a neutral sequence of GUI events. Intuitively, such a sequence can be expected to have "neutral" effects on resource consumption, and repeated executions of this sequence should not exhibit resource growth. Using a state-of-the-art static control-flow model of an Android application, we demonstrate how to achieve automated generation of such sequences. We then define test generation algorithms for two important categories of neutral sequences, based on common leak patterns specific to Android. Our experimental evaluation compares this approach with a non-automated approach from prior work. The results from this evaluation strongly indicate that it is possible to achieve effective, general, and automated test generation for resource leaks in Android applications using the proposed techniques.
Alterations in left ventricular function during intermittent hypoxia: Possible involvement of O-GlcNAc protein and MAPK signaling

Obstructive sleep apnea, characterized by recurrent episodes of hypoxia [intermittent hypoxia (IH)], has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins has important regulatory implications on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we examined the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cardiac architecture and left ventricular function following IH. Rats were randomly assigned to a normoxia and IH group (2 min 21% O2; 2 min 6–8% O2). Left ventricular function, myocardial morphology and the levels of signaling molecules were then measured. IH induced a significant increase in blood pressure, associated with a gradually abnormal myocardial architecture. The rats exposed to 2 or 3 weeks of IH presented with augmented left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, which declined at week 4. Consistently, the O-GlcNAc protein and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels in the left ventricular tissues steadily increased following IH, reaching peak levels at week 3. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation levels were affected in an opposite manner. The phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) remained unaltered. In parallel, compared with exposure to normoxia, 4 weeks of IH augmented the O-GlcNAc protein, OGT, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK levels, accompanied by a decrease in OGA levels and an increase in the levels of myocardial nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inflammatory cytokines, caspase-3 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our suggest a possible involvement of O-GlcNAc protein and MAPK signaling in the alterations of left ventricular function and cardiac injury following IH.
Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Neural Networks for Air Space Sectoring

Self-organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised learning way of artificial neural network, plays a very important role for classification and clustering of inputs. The property of SOM, also called topology-preserving maps or self-organizing feature map (SOFM), is observed in human brain which is not found in other artificial neural networks. Aircrafts' crossing points between two airports may generate conflicts when their trajectories converge on it at the same time and induce a risk of collision. This risk of collision can be avoided by using the self organizing map neural network clustering algorithm. This paper presents the computation of automatic balanced sectoring of airspace to decrease collision and increase air traffic control capacity in high density traffic airspace area. Moreover, SOM is found better technique in comparison to the ART1 neural networks & genetic algorithm used earlier for the same problem.
An Examination of Collectivist Cultural Orientation Among Middle Eastern College Students of Different Gender, Generation Status, and Academic Class Standing

Title: AN EXAMINATION OF COLLECTIVIST CULTURAL ORIENTATION AMONG MIDDLE EASTERN COLLEGE STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT GENDER, GENERATION STATUS, AND ACADEMIC CLASS STANDING Shadi Shakibai, Master of Arts, 2005 Directed By: Professor Karen K. Inkelas, Chair Department of Counseling and Personnel Services The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of collectivist cultural orientation among Middle Eastern college students of differing academic class levels, generation status, and gender. In Spring 2003 and 2004 semesters, Middle Eastern students from the University of Maryland (N = 92; 43 men, 49 women; average age of 20.7 years) completed the Middle Eastern Values Scale (MVS), a modified version of the Asian Values Scale (AVS), developed by the author. The overall results showed no significant differences (p >.05) for all three hypotheses, indicating that collectivist cultural orientation among Middle Eastern students does not differ by academic class level, generation status, and gender. This lack of findings may infer that a collectivist cultural orientation among the Middle Eastern students in this study is somewhat consistent, and is not shaped by gender roles, immigration status, and maturity during college. AN EXAMINATION OF COLLECTIVIST CULTURAL ORIENTATION AMONG MIDDLE EASTERN COLLEGE STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT GENDER, GENERATION STATUS, AND ACADEMIC CLASS STANDING
Non- and quasi-lexical realizations of "positive response" in Korean, Polish and Thai

In the present paper, various categories of “positi ve response” in Korean, Polish and Thai task-oriented dialogues are examined. Pitch contours are categorized using visu alizations and close listening. Basic F0 parameters, including F0 direction change, range and rate are measured and a nalyzed for selected sets of expressions. The results are d iscussed in pragmaphonetic terms. Language-specific and univers al aspects of intonation are stressed.
Buprenorphine metabolites, buprenorphine-3-glucuronide and norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide, are biologically active.

BACKGROUND The long-lasting high-affinity opioid buprenorphine has complex pharmacology, including ceiling effects with respect to analgesia and respiratory depression. Plasma concentrations of the major buprenorphine metabolites norbuprenorphine, buprenorphine-3-glucuronide, and norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide approximate or exceed those of the parent drug. Buprenorphine glucuronide metabolites pharmacology is undefined. This investigation determined binding and pharmacologic activity of the two glucuronide metabolites, and in comparison with buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine. METHODS Competitive inhibition of radioligand binding to human μ, κ, and δ opioid and nociceptin receptors was used to determine glucuronide binding affinities for these receptors. Common opiate effects were assessed in vivo in SwissWebster mice. Antinociception was assessed using a tail-flick assay, respiratory effects were measured using unrestrained whole-body plethysmography, and sedation was assessed by inhibition of locomotion measured by open-field testing. RESULTS Buprenorphine-3-glucuronide had high affinity for human μ (Ki [inhibition constant] = 4.9 ± 2.7 pM), δ (Ki = 270 ± 0.4 nM), and nociceptin (Ki = 36 ± 0.3 μM) but not κ receptors. Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide had affinity for human κ (Ki = 300 ± 0.5 nM) and nociceptin (Ki = 18 ± 0.2 μM) but not μ or δ receptors. At the dose tested, buprenorphine-3-glucuronide had a small antinociceptive effect. Neither glucuronide had significant effects on respiratory rate, but norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide decreased tidal volume. Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide also caused sedation. CONCLUSIONS Both glucuronide metabolites of buprenorphine are biologically active at doses relevant to metabolite exposures, which occur after buprenorphine. Activity of the glucuronides may contribute to the overall pharmacology of buprenorphine.
Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: What Are the Potential Relationships?

This study compared two different structural models regarding the direct or mediation role satisfaction has in the prediction of commitment bond, in the context of a public and traditional Brazilian organization, the Military Police. A quantitative and qualitative combination of methods was used to measure relationships between variables and to contextualize the results found from 10,052 surveyed workers. We conducted interviews with six high command officers and a focus group comprised of seven members from the three highest organizational levels. Content analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in the analysis process. Evidence was found that satisfaction with relationships is an antecedent of commitment, which mediates its relationships with other variables, such as work and personal characteristics. Understanding the organization's characteristics and the use of a substantial sample of its employees simultaneously allowed for testing complex structural models and investigating a labor segment that has been neglected by commitment research.
Survey of Test Vector Compression Techniques

Test data compression consists of test vector compression on the input side and response, compaction on the output side. This vector compression has been an active area of research. This article summarizes and categories these techniques. The focus is on hardware-based test vector compression techniques for scan architectures. Test vector compression schemes fall broadly into three categories: code-based schemes use data compression codes to encode test cubes; linear-decompression-based schemes decompress the data using only linear operations (that is LFSRs and XOR networks) and broadcast-scan-based schemes rely on broadcasting the same values to multiple scan chains
Grating acuity at different luminances in wild-type mice and in mice lacking rod or cone function.

PURPOSE The mouse eye has become an important model in vision research. However, it is not known how visual acuity changes with luminance. Therefore, grating acuity of mice was measured at different luminances in an automated optomotor paradigm. Furthermore, mutant mice lacking either rods (RHO-/- and CNGB1-/-) or cones (CNGA3-/-), or both, were studied to determine the rod and cone contribution to visual acuity. METHODS Freely ranging individual mice were automatically tracked at a 25-Hz sampling rate with a self-programmed video system in a large rotating optomotor drum. The drum had a square-wave grating inside with adjustable spatial frequency. The angular speed of the mice with respect to the center of the drum and the angular orientation of the snout-tail body axis were analyzed. In addition, the motor activity of the wild-type mice was recorded at different luminances. RESULTS The optomotor drum provided reliable data on visual input to the mouse's behavior and was convenient to use, since the experimenter's had only to place the mice individually in a Perspex cylinder. Optomotor grating acuity of the wild-type mice was limited to 0.3 to 0.4 cyc/deg. Maximum optomotor responses were obtained at 0.1 to 0.2 cyc/deg. The importance of visual input declined monotonically with decreasing luminance (30 cd/m2, 100%; 0.1 cd/m2, 76.4%; 0.005 cd/m2, 45.9%; and darkness, -9%). Mice lacking functional rods were able to resolve gratings up to 0.1 cyc/deg at 30 cd/m2. Surprisingly, mice lacking functional cones had an optomotor acuity that was similar to the wild-type. Double-knockout mice without rods and cones had no detectable grating acuity. CONCLUSIONS Because the visual system of the mouse is more responsive at bright luminances, experiments in which visual input is important should be performed in photopic conditions (30 cd/m2 or even more). Apparently, spatial vision is governed by the rod system, which is not saturated in the mesopic or low photopic range. Mice lacking both rods and cones have no detectable grating acuity, indicating that the retinal melanopsin system does not contribute to spatial vision.
Comparative Study of CNN and RNN for Natural Language Processing

Deep neural networks (DNN) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP). Convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN), the two main types of DNN architectures, are widely explored to handle various NLP tasks. CNN is supposed to be good at extracting position-invariant features and RNN at modeling units in sequence. The state of the art on many NLP tasks often switches due to the battle between CNNs and RNNs. This work is the first systematic comparison of CNN and RNN on a wide range of representative NLP tasks, aiming to give basic guidance for DNN selection.
Towards Persistence Framework-Based Rapid Application Development Toolkit for Web Application Development

Software systems must be delivered quickly in order to respond to today's rapid changing business environments. Persistence framework was introduced to overcome the problem of object- relational impedance mismatch, occurred in most enterprise applications that need access to a relational database. However, most of these persistence frameworks are difficult to configure and use, thus do not really contribute much to the improvement of software developers' overall productivity. This study proposes the concept, architecture, design and development of a rapid application development toolkit that will leverage on a persistence framework to subsequently provide an easy-to- use and customizable front-end web application development environment for developers to perform rapid web application development. Unlike prior efforts, the combination of the features of rapid prototyping, code generation and configuration wizard on top of the persistence framework provided by the proposed rapid application development toolkit enables developers not only to deliver their target web applications within a shorter timeframe through an easy-to-use front-end environment, but also to achieve encapsulation of database access from the business objects of a web application.
Prices , Wages and the U . S . NAIRU in the 1990 s January

Using quarterly macro data and annual state panel data, we examine various explanations of the low rate of price inflation, strong real wage growth, and low rate of unemployment in the U.S. economy during the late 1990s. Many of these explanations imply shifts in the coefficients of price and wage Phillips curves. We find, however, that once one accounts for the univariate trends in the unemployment rate and in the rate of productivity growth, these coefficients are stable. This suggests that many explanations, such as persistent beneficial supply shocks, changes in firms’ pricing power, changes in price expectations arising from shifts in Fed policy, and changes in wage setting behavior miss the mark. Rather, we suggest that explanations of movements of wages, prices and unemployment over the 1990s, and indeed over the past forty years, must focus on understanding the univariate trends in the unemployment rate and in productivity growth and, perhaps, the relation between the two. Douglas Staiger Department of Economics Dartmouth College Rockefeller Hall, Room 322 Hanover, NH 03755-3514 James H. Stock Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 Mark W. Watson Department of Economics Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544
SPACE LAYOUT IN OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR SIMULATION

Occupant behavior is widely regarded as one of the most significant sources of uncertainty in the prediction of building energy use. Preexisting simulation methods address this issue by automatically reproducing patterns of behavior found in historical occupant schedules. We extend these methods to incorporate spatial information. In our work, space layout influences the selection of individuals who participate in an activity, and the location where the activity occurs. Participants and locations are randomly selected based on probabilities derived from cost functions. One of these cost functions encourages participation between occupants of nearby workstations. Another discourages overcrowding. We apply the method to an existing office building to study how effectively an occupant model can be customized, and how accurately it can predict space utilization.
QUANTIFYING TEXT-BASED PUBLIC'S EMOTION AND DISCUSSION ISSUES INONLINE FORUM

The use of social media has attracted people to communicate and share information freely. People, especially young adults, prefer to choose the online media as their communication tool [1]. The communication allows information to be conveyed through digital elements, especially in the form of text. Even though, they are communicating through text, such digital element permits them to express their emotions [2]. The information has the potential to influent people’s mind sets. Any negative influences may lead to social dilemma [3].
Satisfaction with Virtual Communities of Interest: Effect on Members' Visit Frequency

The authors develop a four-dimensional scale to measure members' satisfaction with virtual communities of interest (VCIs). The dimensions consist of members' satisfaction with member-to-member interactions, organizer-to-member interactions and organizer-to-community interactions, all of which come together on the VCI's site. Using a sample of 3605 members of a VCI, the authors investigated the effect of each satisfaction dimension on members' visit frequency, and the moderating effect of membership duration on the links between the satisfaction dimensions and visit frequency. The results reveal that satisfaction with member-to-member interactions, organizer-to-member interactions and the community's site has positive effects on members' visit frequency. Members' satisfaction with organizer-to-community interactions has no effect on visit frequency. The findings also show that membership duration strengthens two, and weakens one of the linkages between the satisfaction dimensions and members' visit frequency.
A vicious cycle? Attrition and conviction patterns in contemporary rape cases in England and Wales

"Rape remains one of the most controversial issues within criminal justice and receives high profile coverage internationally. Despite the many changes there have been to the law, practice and procedure in the investigation of rape allegations, and support available for victims, victims are routinely blamed for their victimization. Only a very small number of perpetrators ever face prosecution, let alone conviction. This book aims to take stock of current thinking and research about rape and the way it is handled in practice within the criminal justice system, and to challenge some of the widely held but inaccurate beliefs about rape. It brings together leading researchers in the field from psychology, sociology and law, considering new research and presenting new data from a strong theoretical and contextual base. The main focus of the book is on adult victims of rape, with chapters exploring such issues as rape and the media, the use of alcohol and drugs in rape, police decision making on rape cases, conviction patterns in rape trials, and interviewing victims of rape and sexual assault"
Co-Creation in Virtual Worlds: The Design of the User Experience

Emerging virtual worlds, such as the prominent Second Life, offer unprecedented opportunities for companies to collaborate with co-creating users. However, pioneering corporate co-creation systems fail to attract a satisfying level of participation and engagement. The experience users have with the co-creation system is the key to making virtual places a vibrant source of great connections, creativity, and co-creation. While prior research on co-creation serves as a foundation for this work, it does not provide adequate guidance on how to design co-creation systems in virtual worlds. To address this shortcoming, a 20-month action research project was conducted to study the user's experience and to identify design principles for virtual co-creation systems. In two action research cycles, a virtual co-creation system called Ideation Quest was created, deployed, evaluated, and improved. The study reveals how to design co-creation systems and enriches research on co-creation to fit the virtual world context. Practitioners receive a helpful framework to leverage virtual worlds for co-creation.