Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Novel Magnetic-Geared Dual-Rotor Motor With Complementary Structure

A permanent-magnet dual-rotor motor is particularly suitable for constructing the power split device in hybrid electric vehicle application. This paper proposes a new magnetic-geared dual-rotor motor (MGDRM) design with complementary structure, in which both the inner and outer rotors are divided into three modules with a proper angular displacement for each other along the axis direction. This complementary design makes the flux linkage symmetrical and total cogging torque significantly reduced, without impairing the torque production. A simplified magnetic circuit model is developed to illustrate the complementary principle. By finite-element analysis (FEA), the effectiveness of such complementary structure is verified through the comparison with the conventional design. A prototype motor has been manufactured, and experiments have been carried out. Both FEA and experiments show that this new MGDRM offers symmetrical back-EMF waveforms, smaller cogging torque, and lower torque ripple.
A Critical Assessment of Available Molecular Identification Tools for Determining the Status of Culex pipiens S.L. in the United Kingdom

Abstract Until the relatively recent application of molecular identification tools, identification of Culex pipiens f. pipiens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus relied on expressed ecological characteristics, including autogeny, host preference and stenogamy. Herein we test two DNA assays, one based on the microsatellite locus CQ11 and the other on species-diagnostic nucleotide bases in the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I, on 322 wild-caught Cx. pipiens s.l. collected in above ground habitats from 6 counties across southern England and Wales. Of the 322 Culex pipiens s.l. screened using the CQ11 assay, 205 were identified as Cx. pipiens f. pipiens, 95 as Cx. pipiens f. molestus and 22 were determined as hybrids. Neither above ground Cx. pipiens f. molestus, nor hybrids have previously been reported in UK. However, comparison of COI barcodes (658bp) from 30 individuals from the above defined grouping indicated that inadvertent inclusion of specimens of Cx. torrentium resulted in the expected product sizes purportedly diagnostic for Cx. pipiens f. molestus, Cx. pipiens f. pipiens and hybrids in the CQ11 assay. COI sequences showed Cx. torrentium was misidentified as Cx. pipiens s.l. in more than 50% of cases and that all above ground Cx. pipiens s.l. collected in this study were in fact Cx. pipiens f. pipiens. Thus in regions of the Palearctic where Cx. torrentium and Cx. pipiens s.l. are sympatric, we showed that the CQ11 assay produces misleading results and should not be used.
Comparative study of Kefir yogurt-drink and sodium fluoride mouth rinse on salivary mutans streptococci.

AIM The level of mutans streptococci (MS) is reduced by regularly consumption of probiotic Kefir drink. The present study aiming at answer to this question 'may the Kefir drink be considered an alternative to fluoride rinse? ' MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two healthy volunteers aged 22-32 years with good oral hygiene participated in this study. None of participants had received any antibiotic or antimicrobial agent or professional fluoride therapy within the last month. None of them exhibited active caries lesions. Smokers and subjects who have chewing gums xylitol habit or who were undergoing orthodontic treatment were excluded. In a cross over design with 2 parallel groups, people in group A for 2 weeks received 100 ml of Kefir drink per day, then avoided brushing, eating and drinking for an hour. Simultaneously, people in group B were administered 0.05% sodium fluoride rinse in the same manner. After washout period, people in groups A and B respectively used 0.05% sodium fluoride rinse and Kefir drink. Saliva sampling was performed before and after interventions. The acidity and the count of MS were assessed and data were analyzed statistically. RESULT There was no significant difference between base line pH values of saliva in study groups (p > 0.05). Although, a significant difference was shown between MS counts before and after interventions (p ≤ 0.0001 and p ≤ 0.0001 for NaF and Kefir respectively), but the equal inhibitory effect was found between study groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Kefir drink can inhibit salivary MS as well the sodium fluoride rinse. This beverage may be considered an alternative for fluoride rinse. Clinical significance: Probiotics containing dairy products was known with anticariogenic properties. These agents may be used in caries control strategies adjunctively.
Impact Through Images: Exploring Student Understanding of Environmental Science Through Integrated Place-Based Lessons in the Elementary Classroom

In the early 1800s, the U.S. President Thomas Jefferson assembled a team of explorers led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to forge a waterway connecting the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. How has this environment changed in 200 years and how do elementary students make sense of those changes? This study looks at the impact of environmental change over time in an integrated place-based curricular unit using visual art and images. This qualitative descriptive case study looks at how visual art and photographic images affect elementary students’ understanding when participating in an integrated place-based environmental science experience. Participants included 25 elementary students, their classroom teacher, and researcher as etic observer. Data were drawn from student journals, in-depth student interviews, teacher interview, and artifacts created by the participants. Three dominant themes emerged: (1) student perceptions about their own efficacy, (2) students’ scientific misconceptions, and (3) development of students’ critical thinking skills. Through this study, elementary students utilized mediated experiences to increase confidence in their ability to be part of their own learning experience by the inclusion of images in place-based environmental science lessons.
Media Sport Stars: Masculinities and Moralities

1. Introduction. Part One: The Tales they Tell of Men. 2. Discourses of crisis in masculinity 3. The developments of media sports 4. Heroes and stars 5. Narrativity and biography 6. Sporting masculinities Part Two: From Sporting Print to Satellite 7. The birth of the sport star: Pre War Fame 8. Good Boys: Stars, Nations and Respectability in the 1950s 9. Pretty Boys, the 1960s and pop culture 10. Bad boys and the work ethic Part Three: The Restless Vortex of Celebrity 11. Celebration, punishment, redemption and self-discipline 12. Moralities, masculinities and violence 13. Identities: "race", nation and masculinity 14. Performances, appearances, identitites and post-modernities 15. Voretextuality and conspicious consumption 16. Conclusion: So what if the poxy swan is the wrong way? Appendices. 1. Bibliographical Notes 2. The concept of the "Role Model" - critical notes 3. Notes on the Methodological Issues. Bibliography.
Myocardial Composition and Function in Diabetes: The Effects of Chronic Insulin Use

This study was undertaken in an animal model of mild diabetes to determine if provision of chronic insulin replacement during postprandial hyperglycemia may modify the abnormalities of myocardium. Group 1 served as controls with normal glucose tolerance by intravenous testing. Two additional groups were made diabetic -with low doses of alloxan. Diabetic animals of Group 2 were untreated (re = 8). Group 3 animals (re = 6) received regular insulin daily to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. After one year with maintained body weight, the animals were studied in the intact anesthetized state using the indicator dilution technique for left ventricular volume determinations. Basal left ventricular function and contractility were similar to normals in both diabetic groups. During intraventricular infusion of saline, end-diastolic pressure roue to higher levels in untreated diabetes (14.8 ± 2 mm Hg) than normals (8.8 ± 0.84), despite similar basal levels. Insulin treatment was associated with higher filling pressures than in group 1 as well as reduced end-diastolic volume response. Collagen concentrations were enhanced an average of 50% in layers from the inner to outer myocardium in both untreated and treated diabetics, associated with sodium and water accumulation. Since hypertrophy was not present, the diminished compliance appeared related to increased collagen levels. On electron microscopy, the subcellular organelles of the cardiac cell appeared normal in both diabetic groups. Thus, collagen accumulation and abnormal myocardial function in this model of diabetes is not affected by control of postprandial hyperglycemia, but a potential role for sustained hormone replacement is not excluded.
Things rank and gross in nature: a review and synthesis of moral disgust.

Much like unpalatable foods, filthy restrooms, and bloody wounds, moral transgressions are often described as "disgusting. " This linguistic similarity suggests that there is a link between moral disgust and more rudimentary forms of disgust associated with toxicity and disease. Critics have argued, however, that such references are purely metaphorical, or that moral disgust may be limited to transgressions that remind us of more basic disgust stimuli. Here we review the evidence that moral transgressions do genuinely evoke disgust, even when they do not reference physical disgust stimuli such as unusual sexual behaviors or the violation of purity norms. Moral transgressions presented verbally or visually and those presented as social transactions reliably elicit disgust, as assessed by implicit measures, explicit self-report, and facial behavior. Evoking physical disgust experimentally renders moral judgments more severe, and physical cleansing renders them more permissive or more stringent, depending on the object of the cleansing. Last, individual differences in the tendency to experience disgust toward physical stimuli are associated with variation in moral judgments and morally relevant sociopolitical attitudes. Taken together, these findings converge to support the conclusion that moral transgressions can in fact elicit disgust, suggesting that moral cognition may draw upon a primitive rejection response. We highlight a number of outstanding issues and conclude by describing 3 models of moral disgust, each of which aims to provide an account of the relationship between moral and physical disgust.
The morphogenesis of avian tendon

Observations by electron microscopy on thin sections of the metatarsal tendon of embryonic fowls show that in the 8-day embryo the earliest definable collagen fibrils of 80 Å in diameter are intimately associated with the cytoplasm of the compact, apparently syncytial, cells of which the tendon rudiment is composed. As development proceeds, some intracytoplasmic groups of fibrils are distinguishable, but intercellular spaces also develop and these gradually become filled with fibrils; finally, bundles are formed and lie packed between the adjacent cells. Soon the extracellular organization predominates until at 20days the average diameter of the fibrils is 400 Å and the normal 640 Å periodicity of collagen has been achieved. The morphological features demonstrated have been correlated with histochemical data, and the possible function of the various cellular components in the formation of the intercellular substance has been discussed. By the use of sections in which fibrils have been cut exactly transverse to the bundle axis it has been shown that each fibril is invested by interfibrillar material. As the diameter of the fibrils increases with age the relative volume of interfibrillar material within a bundle diminishes; it is therefore concluded that this material must contain either collagen or the necessary precursors in order to account for the enlargement of the fibrils. Thus the interfibrillar material is of fundamental importance to the formation and growth of the collagen fibrils.
Risk Premia in the 8:30 Economy

Financial asset risk premia are widely agreed to vary over time. This paper decomposes these risk premia into expected excess returns earned in short windows around the times of macroeconomic news announcements (which mostly come out at 8:30am) and the expected excess returns that are earned at other times. Using intradaily data, we find that some, but not all, of the time-varying expected excess returns accrue right around macroeconomic announcements. In forecasting six-month cumulative bond returns, there is more predictability in announcement windows than at other times.
The Relevance and Viability of Subconscious Goals in the Workplace

This article examines the relevance and viability of pursuing empirical research on subconscious goals and applying the findings in the workplace. Five topics are addressed: First, reasons why management scholars have eschewed the study of the subconscious are given. Second, a brief overview of social psychology experiments on subconscious goals is provided. Critical issues that have yet to be addressed in these experiments are identified and discussed. Third, organizational psychology experiments on subconscious goals that have attempted to overcome several of these shortcomings and provide new findings are described. Fourth, research avenues that have yet to be explored are suggested. Finally, the implications of this stream for management practice are discussed.
Word Learning and Verbal Short-Term Memory: A Computational Account

Recent behavioral evidence suggests that human vocabulary acquisition processes and verbal short-term memory abilities may be related (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1993). Investigation of this relationship has considerable significance for understanding of human language, of working memory, and of the relationship between short- and long-term memory systems. This paper presents a computational model of word learning, nonword repetition, and immediate serial recall. By providing an integrated account of these three abilities, the model provides a specification of how the mechanisms of immediate serial recall may be related to mechanisms of language processing more generally. Furthermore, the model provides fresh insight into the observed behavioral correlations between word learning and immediate serial recall. According to the model, these correlations can arise because of the common dependence of these two abilities on core phonological and semantic processing mechanisms. This contrasts with the explanation proposed in the working memory literature, viz., that word learning is dependent on verbal short-term memory (Gathercole, Willis, Emslie, & Baddeley, 1992). It is discussed how both explanations can be reconciled in terms of the present model.
Role of the N-terminal lid in regulating the interaction of phosphorylated MDMX with p53

Murine double minute 4 protein (MDMX) is crucial for the regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of MDMX is thought to affect its binding with the transactivation domain of p53, thus playing a role in p53 regulation. In this study, the effects of MDMX phosphorylation on the binding of p53 were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that in addition to the previously proposed mechanism in which phosphorylated Y99 of MDMX inhibits p53 binding through steric clash with P27 of p53, the N-terminal lid of MDMX also appears to play an important role in regulating the phosphorylation-dependent interactions between MDMX and p53. In the proposed mechanism, phosphorylated Y99 aids in pulling the lid into the p53-binding pocket, thus inhibiting the binding between MDMX and p53. Rebinding of p53 appears to be facilitated by the subsequent phosphorylation of Y55, which draws the lid away from the binding pocket by electrostatic attraction of the lid's positively charged N-terminus. The ability to target these mechanisms for the proper regulation of p53 could have important implications for understanding cancer biology and for drug development.
Fast Amplitude Estimation of Harmonics Using Undecimated Wavelet Packet Transform and Its Hardware Implementation

Accurate and fast estimation of time-varying harmonics are essential requirements for online monitoring, analysis, and control of electrical power system. This paper presents a fast algorithm based on the undecimated wavelet packet transform (UWPT) to estimate the amplitude of fundamental and harmonic components of stationary as well as a time-varying power signal. The UWPT uses only one cycle of the fundamental frequency for precise measurement of time-varying harmonics while their amplitude has been determined accurately utilizing the time-invariant property of the UWPT. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed technique have been investigated on synthetic as well as experimental test signals using MATLAB tool. Further, the UWPT algorithm has also been implemented on the Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA ML-605 board, using XSG/ISE design suite 14.2 and its performance, in terms of hardware accuracy, resource utilization as well as timing requirements have been tested using the experimental test signal.
Nucleus accumbens neurons exhibit synaptic scaling that is occluded by repeated dopamine pre‐exposure

Synaptic scaling has been proposed as a form of plasticity that may contribute to drug addiction but it has not been previously demonstrated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical region for addiction. Here we demonstrate bidirectional synaptic scaling in postnatal rat NAc neurons that were co‐cultured with prefrontal cortical neurons to restore excitatory input. Prolonged activity blockade (1–3 days) with an AMPA receptor antagonist increased cell surface (synaptic and extrasynaptic) glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and GluR2 but not GluR3, as well as GluR1/2 co‐localization on the cell surface and total GluR1 and GluR2 protein levels. A prolonged increase in activity (bicuculline, 48 h) produced opposite effects. These results suggest that GluR1/2‐containing AMPA receptors undergo synaptic scaling in NAc neurons. GluR1 and GluR2 surface expression was also increased by tetrodotoxin alone or in combination with an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor or AMPA receptor antagonist but not by the l‐type Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine. A cobalt‐quenching assay confirmed the immunocytochemical results indicating that synaptic scaling after activity blockade did not involve a change in abundance of GluR2‐lacking AMPA receptors. Increased AMPA receptor surface expression after activity blockade required protein synthesis and was occluded by inhibition of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. Repeated dopamine (DA) treatment, which leads to upregulation of surface GluR1 and GluR2, occluded activity blockade‐induced synaptic scaling. These latter results indicate an interaction between cellular mechanisms involved in synaptic scaling and adaptive mechanisms triggered by repeated DA receptor stimulation, suggesting that synaptic scaling may not function normally after exposure to DA‐releasing drugs such as cocaine.
Influence de la vitesse des mouvements sur l'estimation de leur durée

L'estimation de la duree d'un mouvement depend-elle de la vitesse ? En physique, la relation est inverse. Des resultats anterieurs de Piaget semblaient montrer qu'en estimation globale et directe, plus vite = plus de temps. Nous avons cherche a verifier ce resultat dans plusieurs situations. Dans deux experiences, nous n'avons pas trouve un effet de la vitesse ; dans deux autres, nous avons constate que plus vite correspond a plus de temps. De nouvelles recherches devraient permettre d'eliminer certaines variables parasites qui empechent de conclure d'une maniere definitive.
Prevalence of sleep disturbance in chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE Sleep is a vital function for human beings, which can be affected by several factors. Chronic pain is one of these factors where it is the most frequent cause for seeking medical care in combination with insomnia. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and relationship between sleep disturbance and chronic pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS After approval, a total of 85 Family Medicine Units from over 170 in Tokat were randomly selected using a 50% sampling. A sample of 2635 subjects, over the age of 19 years, who were registered with the selected Family Medicine Units, were assessed due to gender, age group, and the urban/rural population size of Tokat using the stratified sampling method. The sample size distribution was calculated as 1515 urban subjects, 1120 rural subjects; 1345 female subjects, 1290 male subjects; 1123 subjects between 20-39 years of age, 1103 subjects between the ages of 40-64, and 409 subjects over 64 years of age. After sampling, subjects were invited to participate in the study via an invitation letter, and agreeing individuals were taken to the Family Medicine Unit for face-to-face meetings. Written, informed consent was obtained, along with demographic data. The presence of chronic pain was recorded. According to the presence of chronic pain, all subjects were separated into two groups as Group Chronic Pain and Group Non-Chronic Pain. The visual analog scale for pain intensity, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality, were performed with all subjects. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the predictors of sleep quality. Analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), version 20.0. The statistical significance for all analyses was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The mean global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of Group Chronic Pain (5.30 ± 4.29) was significantly higher than in Group Non-Chronic Pain (3.22 ± 3.30; p < 0.01). The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores of females (5.69 ± 4.40) were significantly higher than males (4.54 ± 3.96) in Group Chronic Pain (p = 0.000045). A total of 40.7% of patients in Group Chronic Pain, and 21.9% in Group Non-Chronic Pain demonstrated poorer sleep quality according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, with a cut-off level > 5. A moderate positive correlation was found between the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Visual Analog Scale scores (r = 0.310, p < 0.01). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, income, Visual Analog Scale, and presence of depression were the significant predictors for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score. CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed that chronic pain and pain intensity are important predictors of sleep quality.