Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do the Words People Write Capture Their Process of Change

The current study examined the use of commonly used word categories, less commonly used word categories, and change in word use over time in an expressive writing task. A sample of 250 undergraduate students from an archival study who were still experiencing unresolved feelings wrote about a targeted distressing experience for 15 minutes on each of three consecutive days. Narratives were analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Program (LIWC). Results showed that six word categories predicted change in outcome, namely first-person singular pronouns, words related to causation, inhibition, certainty, past-tense verbs, and word count. Words related to cognitive processing as well as past-tense verbs changed in their usage over the three writing sessions, but their rate of change did not predict outcome. Word usage also differed by writing condition. The results confirm the importance of word categories commonly analyzed but also highlight the importance of time orientation.
Common risk factors and risk premia in direct and securitized real estate markets

This study empirically examined the effects of systematic market and common risk factors in explaining the variations in excess returns of securitized and direct real estate using multifactor asset pricing models (MAP). Two estimation methodologies were used to test the market integration hypothesis. The constant risk premia model that imposes time‐invariant restrictions on the coefficients of the macroeconomic risk factors across different real estate portfolios in each market was estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique. Credit risk, unexpected inflation and spread between government and commercial bonds were significantly priced in the securitized real estate market, whereas real T‐bill yields and unexpected inflation were the two risk factors affecting the excess returns of direct real estate. It was found that risk factors were priced differently in the two real estate markets. The second model that relaxes the time‐invariant constraints was estimated using the standard Fama–MacBeth two‐pass regression technique. In the model, credit risk factor remained significant in the pricing of excess securitized real estate returns, whereas term structure risk and unexpected inflation were the two factors significantly priced in direct real estate returns. The significance of the homogeneity of various risk premia across the two markets was also tested. The tests rejected the null hypothesis of integration of the two real estate markets in both fixed and time‐varying MAP frameworks.
Evidence-based guideline: Pharmacologic treatment of chorea in Huntington disease: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Editors’ Note: In response to “Evidence-based guideline: Pharmacologic treatment of chorea in Huntington disease,” Dr. Suchowersky comments on the need for caution in prescribing tetrabenazine with other medications metabolized by cytochrome P450. Authors Armstrong and Miyasaki encourage clinicians to consult prescribing details before starting any medications. In reference to “Antiplatelets vs anticoagulation for dissection: CADISS nonrandomized arm and meta-analysis,” Dr. Caplan points out that most recurrent strokes in patients with cervical dissections occur within 7 days, while the mean time of treatment after symptom onset in this study was 10.8 days. The authors respond that they are looking at the acute phase after cervical dissection in their ongoing randomized arm. Megan Alcauskas, MD, and Robert C. Griggs, MD
A model of the cell-autonomous mammalian circadian clock

Circadian timekeeping by intracellular molecular clocks is evident widely in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The clockworks are driven by autoregulatory feedback loops that lead to oscillating levels of components whose maxima are in fixed phase relationships with one another. These phase relationships are the key metric characterizing the operation of the clocks. In this study, we built a mathematical model from the regulatory structure of the intracellular circadian clock in mice and identified its parameters using an iterative evolutionary strategy, with minimum cost achieved through conformance to phase separations seen in cell-autonomous oscillators. The model was evaluated against the experimentally observed cell-autonomous circadian phenotypes of gene knockouts, particularly retention of rhythmicity and changes in expression level of molecular clock components. These tests reveal excellent de novo predictive ability of the model. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis shows that these knockout phenotypes are robust to parameter perturbation.
The phylogeny of the louse genus Brueelia does not reflect host phylogeny

Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are often considered a model group of parasites for studies of cospeciation because of their high host specificity, and louse species in the genus Brueelia are relatively host-specific. To test the extent of cospeciation, we reconstructed a phylogeny for Brueelia from nuclear (EF1α) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA sequences. This phylogeny was generally well resolved and supported. Two major clades within Brueelia (as well as several other lineages) were identified, and these corresponded to major morphological differences in the preantennal region of the head and sclerotization of the abdomen. However, the phylogeny of Brueelia showed little concordance to a published phylogeny of the hosts. In addition, we uncovered four cases (out of 15 species) of one species of Brueelia on two or more bird species. We argue that the high dispersal capabilities of Brueelia species, e.g. phoresis on hippoboscid flies, are a likely explanation for the incongruence between host and parasite phylogenies in this case. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002, 77, 233–247.
Adenovirus Entry From the Apical Surface of Polarized Epithelia Is Facilitated by the Host Innate Immune Response

Prevention of viral-induced respiratory disease begins with an understanding of the factors that increase or decrease susceptibility to viral infection. The primary receptor for most adenoviruses is the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a cell-cell adhesion protein normally localized at the basolateral surface of polarized epithelia and involved in neutrophil transepithelial migration. Recently, an alternate isoform of CAR, CAREx8, has been identified at the apical surface of polarized airway epithelia and is implicated in viral infection from the apical surface. We hypothesized that the endogenous role of CAREx8 may be to facilitate host innate immunity. We show that IL-8, a proinflammatory cytokine and a neutrophil chemoattractant, stimulates the protein expression and apical localization of CAREx8 via activation of AKT/S6K and inhibition of GSK3β. Apical CAREx8 tethers infiltrating neutrophils at the apical surface of a polarized epithelium. Moreover, neutrophils present on the apical-epithelial surface enhance adenovirus entry into the epithelium. These findings suggest that adenovirus evolved to co-opt an innate immune response pathway that stimulates the expression of its primary receptor, apical CAREx8, to allow the initial infection the intact epithelium. In addition, CAREx8 is a new target for the development of novel therapeutics for both respiratory inflammatory disease and adenoviral infection.
The opinions of economics majors before and after learning economics

Abstract Using longitudinal data on undergraduates from 463 American colleges and universities from 1994–99, the authors examine how majoring in economics affects student opinions on 13 social, political, and economic issues. Economics majors were found to begin and end their college tenure with differing opinions on several issues when compared to other majors, and studying economics was found to be related to changes in several opinions. On the whole, studying economics appeared to increase beliefs in favor of personal freedom and decrease support for government intervention in markets. However, the authors find little evidence that economics majors leave college more united on their opinions when compared to the general student population.
A record of climate over the last millennium based on varved lake sediments from the Canadian High Arctic

A varved sediment record that extends back over the last millennium was recovered from Lower Murray Lake, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada (81°20′N, 69°30′W). Flatbed scan images and backscattered electron images were analysed to provide varve thickness and other quantitative sedimentary indices on an annual basis. In many studies of lakes from the High Arctic, varve thickness is a good proxy for summer temperature and we interpret the Lower Murray Lake varves in this way. On that basis, the Lower Murray Lake varve thickness record suggests that summer temperatures in recent decades were among the warmest of the last millennium, comparable with conditions that last occurred in the early twelfth and late thirteenth centuries, but estimates based on the sediment accumulation rate do not show such a recent increase. The coldest conditions of the `Little Ice Age' were experienced from ~AD 1700 to the mid-nineteenth century, when extensive ice cover on the lake led to widespread anoxic conditions in the deepest parts of the lake basin. An overall decline in median grain size over the last 1000 years indicates a reduction in the energy available to transport sediment to the lake. Many of these features of the record are also observed in other palaeoclimatic records from the North American Arctic. The very recent appearance of the diatom Campylodiscus, which was not observed throughout the record of the last millennium, suggests that a new threshold in the ontogenetic development of the lake has now been passed.
Immediate contact reactions to chemicals in the fragrance mix and a study of the quenching action of eugenol

In this study, the nature of non‐immune immediate contact reactions (NIICR) produced by cinnamic aldehyde, benzoic acid and sorbic acid were investigated, with particular interest in the ‘quenching’ ability of eugenol. Three groups of human subjects were studied, and the guinea‐pig ear was also used as a model of NIICR. Cinnamic aldehyde, benzoic acid and sorbic acid were all able to produce NIICR in the majority of subjects studied. There was a strong correlation between the susceptibility of each subject to each urticant, but no correlation between the susceptibility to NIICR and age, atopic status or tanning ability. Eugenol caused a reduction in NIICR induced by all three urticants. This ‘quenching’ effect was apparent even when the eugenol was applied up to 60 min prior to application of cinnamic aldehyde, and its effect was not eliminated by washing. In the guinea‐pig‐ear model, ear thickening was induceed by all three urticants, and this response was inhibited by eugenol.
Factors Determining the Breadth and Potency of Neutralization by V3-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Derived from Subjects Infected with Clade A or Clade B Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT The neutralizing activities of anti-V3 antibodies for HIV-1 isolates is affected both by sequence variation within V3 and by epitope masking by the V1/V2 domain. To analyze the relative contribution of V3 sequence variation, chimeric Env genes that contained consensus V3 sequences from seven HIV-1 subtypes in the neutralization-sensitive SF162 Env backbone were constructed. Resulting viral pseudotypes were tested for neutralization by 15 anti-V3 MAbs isolated from humans infected with viruses of either subtype B (anti-V3B MAbs) or subtype A (anti-V3A MAbs). Pseudovirions with the subtype B consensus V3 sequence were potently neutralized (IC50 < 0.006 μg/ml) by all but one of these MAbs, while pseudovirions with V3 subtypes A, C, F, H, AG, and AE were generally neutralized more effectively by anti-V3A MAbs than by anti-V3B MAbs. A V1/V2-masked Env version of SF162 Env with the consensus B V3 sequence was also neutralized by these MAbs, although with considerably lower potency, while similarly masked chimeras with V3 sequences of subtype A, C, or AG were weakly neutralized by anti-V3A MAbs but not by anti-V3B MAbs. Mutations in the V1/V2 domain of YU-2 Env increased the sensitivity of this highly resistant Env to a pool of anti-V3B MAbs several thousand-fold. These results demonstrated (i) the exceptional sensitivity of representative V3 domains of multiple subtypes to neutralization in the absence of epitope masking, (ii) the broader neutralizing activity of anti-V3A MAbs for viruses containing diverse V3 sequences, and (iii) the generality and dominant effect of V1/V2 masking on restriction of V3-mediated neutralization.
The joint effects of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol on risk: 3510 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 9805 controls

Aims Plasma levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB), the main surface protein on LDL particles, and LDL-C, the amount of cholesterol in those particles, are closely correlated and, considered separately, are positive risk factors. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein A1, the main surface protein on HDL particles, and HDL-C, the amount of cholesterol in those particles, are also closely correlated with each other and, considered separately, are negative risk factors. The interdependence of these four risk factors is unclear. Methods and results Case–control study among 3510 acute myocardial infarction patients (without prior vascular disease, diabetes, or statin use) in UK hospitals and 9805 controls. Relative risks (age, sex, smoking, and obesity-adjusted) were more strongly related to apoB than to LDL-C and, given apoB, more strongly negatively related to apoA1 than to HDL-C. The ratio apoB/apoA1 was uncorrelated with time since symptom onset in cases, was reproducible in samples collected a few years apart in controls (correlation 0.81), and encapsulated almost all the predictive power of these four measurements. Its effect was continuous, substantial throughout the UK normal range [relative risk, top vs. bottom decile of this ratio, 7.3 (95% CI 5.8–9.2)] and varied little with age. The ratio apoB/apoA1 was substantially more informative about risk (χ12 = 550) than were commonly used measures such as LDL-C/HDL-C, total/HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol (χ12 = 407, 334, 204, and 105, respectively). Given apoB and apoA1, the relationship with risk of LDL-C was reversed, and this reversal was strengthened by appropriate allowance for random measurement errors in two correlated variables. Given usual apoB, lower LDL-C (consistent with smaller LDL particles) was associated with higher risk (P < 0.0001). During the first 8 h after symptom onset HDL-C increased by about 10%, precluding reliable assessment of the joint relationship of apoA1 and pre-onset HDL-C with risk in such retrospective case–control studies. Conclusion Apolipoprotein ratios are more informative about risk than lipid fractions are. This suggests that, among lipoprotein particles of a particular type (LDL or HDL), some smaller and larger subtypes differ in their effects on risk. Direct measurements of even more specific subtypes of lipoprotein particles may be even more informative about risk.
Fetal and neonatal von Willebrand factor (vWF) is unusually large and similar to the vWF in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Summary. We have investigated the distribution of vWF multimers in blood from the umbilical cord of infants delivered vaginally and by caesarean section, from heel‐stick blood collected 1 d post‐partum, and from fetuses undergoing evaluation for Rh compatibility. To examine vWF multimers. plasma was separated by electrophoresis on SDS‐agarose gels, overlaid with 125I‐anti‐vWF, and analysed by densitometry of autoradiographs. Neonatal and fetal plasma contained unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULvWFM), not present in normal adult plasma, in shed blood from adults, in maternal plasma at the time of birth, or in plasma from adults deficient in vitamin K‐dependent coagulation proteins. We conclude that ULvWFM, similar in size to vWF present in the Weibel Paladie bodies of endothelial cells, the alpha granules of platelets, and the plasma of patients with TTP, is present in the fetal circulation, at birth, and shortly after delivery.
Test of Resiliency Models on Depressive Symptomatology among Substance Abusing Runaways and Their Primary Caretakers

Research focus on understanding at risk youth and families is often driven by a deficit model and few evaluations of at-risk youth and their strengths, competence and resilience are available. Models of resiliency have the potential to provide information regarding how at-risk youth and their families cope with adversity. This information can be used to identify targets for preventative interventions. In the current study, the differential utility of three models of resiliency, for predicting depressive symptomatology in a high risk sample of substance abusing runaway youth and their primary caretakers, were evaluated. Findings supported the challenge model for predicting adolescent depressive symptoms, though no model was effective for understanding resilience among their primary caretakers. In addition, risk and protective factors differed by adolescent gender and between primary caretakers and the adolescent. In summary, even in the face of significant stress and risk for depressive symptoms, family members showed significant strengths which buffered their experience of depressive symptoms. The findings also suggest that moderate levels of risk can be beneficial for the runaway adolescents, consonant with the challenge model of resiliency.
Adult migrants' writing in English : negotiating social processes for identity construction in England

2 DEDICATION . 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 11 1.1 Exploring migrants’ early engagement with writing and identity construction . 11 1.1.2 Researcher motivation . 12 1.1.3 The focus of study . 12 1.2 The background to this study . 13 1.2. 1 Moving across borders . 14 1.2. 2 Negotiating culture . 14 1.2. 3 Statements about culture . 15 1.3 Writing with intermediaries: getting things done . 15 1.3. 1 A car purchase . 15 1.3. 2 Writing to complete forms . 16 1.3. 3 Digital texts: towards independence . 17 1.4 Being a student of Japanese: challenging social processes . 18 1.4. 1 Lexical challenges . 18 1.4. 2 Illuminating the “illiterate” image . 18 1.4. 3 Unlocking the social processes . 19 1.4. 4 Enlisting intermediaries . 19 1.5 Summary processes . 20 1.6 Retuning to teaching ESOL in England . 20 1.6. 1 Reflecting with migrants . 21 1.6. 2 Adapting to students’ needs . 21 1.6. 3 Professional observation: the lesson was too fast . 22 1.6. 4 Section summary . 22 1.7 The research questions . 23 1.7. 1 Why this research is important . 23 1.7. 2 The study outline: location, timing, subjects and methods . 24 1.8 The study structure . 25 1.9 Chapter Conclusion . 25 CHAPTER 2: LEARNING TO WRITE: GLOBAL AND LOCAL CHALLENGES . 26 2.
The Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Neutrophils in Gastric Adenocarcinoma after Resection

Background Several pieces of evidence indicate that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) are correlated to tumor progression. In the current study, we explore the relationship between TINs and clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, we investigated the prognostic value of TINs. Patients and Methods The study was comprised of two groups, training group (115 patients) and test group (97 patients). Biomarkers (intratumoral CD15+ neutrophils) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between clinicopathological features and patient outcome were evaluated using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Immunohistochemical detection showed that the tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) in the training group ranged from 0.00–115.70 cells/high-power microscopic field (HPF) and the median number was 21.60 cells/HPF. Based on the median number, the patients were divided into high and low TINs groups. Chi-square test analysis revealed that the density of CD15+ TINs was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.024), distance metastasis (p = 0.004) and UICC (International Union Against Cancer) staging (p = 0.028). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a lower density of TINs had a better prognosis than patients with a higher density of TINs (p = 0.002). Multivariate Cox's analysis showed that the density of CD15+ TINs was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Using another 97 patients as a test group and basing on the median number of TINs (21.60 cells/HPF) coming from the training group, Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed that patients with a lower density of TINs had a better prognosis than patients with a higher density of TINs (p = 0.032). The results verify that the number of CD15+ TINs can predict the survival of gastric adenocarcinoma surgical patients. Conclusions The presence of CD15+ TINs is an independent and unfavorable factor in the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Targeting CD15+ TINs may be a potential intervenient therapy in the future.
A taxonomy of expatriate leaders' cross-cultural uncertainty: insights into the leader–employee dyad

The authors develop a theory-based taxonomy of expatriate leaders' cross-cultural uncertainty toward local employees by drawing on uncertainty reduction theory. Two studies with expatriate leaders provide the empirical basis. The first, qualitative study uses in-depth interviews with 23 expatriate leaders to identify major facets and constructs for describing expatriate leaders in different uncertainty constellations. A quantitative survey-based study with dyadic data about 149 expatriate leaders and their local employees identifies five different expatriate types with regard to their cross-cultural uncertainty. The results reveal performance differences across the five expatriate types.