Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Productivity in Academia: An Assessment of Causal Linkages between Output and Outcome Indicators.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate causal linkages between output and outcome indicators of productivity in academia. Design/methodology/approach – The duration of teaching service and the number of graduate students supervised to completion were adopted as output indicators of productivity. Equivalent outcome indicators were the number of (co)authored books (including book chapters and monographs) and journal articles, respectively. In the investigations, a structural equation modeling approach was adopted. Findings – The number of students supervised to completion directly impact the number of (co)authored articles (p < 0.05). The duration of teaching service indirectly influences (co)authored articles by directly impacting the number of students supervised to completion (p < 0.05). Research limitations/implications – The causal linkages between the indicators of productivity are an indication of the level of research activity of academia. However, the study does not provide an exhaus.
The Patlak-Keller-Segel Model and Its Variations: Properties of Solutions via Maximum Principle

In this paper we investigate qualitative and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a class of diffusion-aggregation equations. Most results except the ones in section 3 and 6 concern radial solutions. The challenge in the analysis consists of the nonlocal aggregation term as well as the degeneracy of the diffusion term which generates compactly supported solutions. The key tools used in the paper are maximum-principle type arguments as well as estimates on mass concentration of solutions.
A Machine Translation

summarization is another prevalent sequence-to-sequence task, which aims to find a short, fluent and effective summary from a long text article (Chang et al., 2018). Intuitively, discarding redundant contents in the source article is important for abstract summarization, which could be achieved by our proposed redundant capsules. Moreover, figuring out which parts of the source article have been summarized completely and which have not yet should be also explicitly modeled for abstract summarization. (a) An example of guided dynamic routing. The orderings of the source sentence in Chinese and the English translation are non-monotonic. For example, after the target word “supply” has been generated in the intermediate of the translations, the assignment probabilities of its corresponding source word “供给”, near the end of the source sentence, changes from the PAST to the FUTURE. (b) Another example. An interesting case is related to “unware”, which has a source counterpart of three Chinese words (“毫 无”, “所”, and “知”). When it has been generated, the assignment probabilities of the words in its counterpart phrase change from PAST to the FUTUREsimultaneously. Figure 2: Visualization of the assignment probabilities of the iterative guided dynamic routing. For each translation word, the three columns represent the probability assigning to PAST, FUTURE or redundant capsule, respectively. Green frames indicate that the assignment probabilities of source words change from PAST at the beginning to FUTURE in the end. Red frames highlight the changes before and after a specific word’s generation. B.1 Experimental Settings Dataset We conduct experiments on the LCSTS dataset (Hu et al., 2015) to evaluate our proposed model for abstract summarization. This dataset contains a large number of short Chinese news articles with their headlines as the short summaries collected from Sina Weibo, a Twitter-like microblogging website in China. As shown in Table 1, this dataset is composed of three parts. Part I contains a large number of 2,400,591 pairs of (article, summary). Part II and III contain not only text data but also manually rated scores from 1 to 5 for the quality of summaries in terms of their relevance to the source articles. We follow Hu et al. (2015) to use Part I as the training set, and the subset scored from 3 to 5 of Part II and Part III as the development set and testing set. Training and evaluation Following Hu et al. (2015), we conducted experiments based on character. We set the vocabulary size to 4,000 for both source and target sides. We used the TransPart I Part II Part III #pairs 2,400,591 10,666 1,106 #pairs (score ≥ 3 ) 8,685 725 Table 1: Statistics of the LCSTS dataset. former as our baseline system. Model configurations and other training hyperparameters are the same as machine translation tasks. For evaluation, we used beam search with a width of 10 without length penalty. We report three variants of recallbased ROUGE (Lin, 2004), namely, ROUGE-1 (unigrams), ROUGE-2 (bigrams), and ROUGE-L (longest-common substring).
Brief report: rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in a patient receiving rifabutin prophylaxis.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis has become a major public health problem in the United States.1,2 In 1979 less than 1 percent of tuberculosis isolates from untreated patients in New York City were resistant to rifampin, as compared with 9 percent in 1991.3 Rifampin-resistant tuberculosis is a serious threat because responses to therapy are more difficult to achieve and require longer courses of treatment.4–8 Rifabutin is a derivative of rifamycin S that is recommended and widely used as prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have low CD4 lymphocyte counts.9,10 Since .
TypeRight: a keyboard with tactile error prevention

TypeRight is a new tactile input device for text entry. It combines the advantages of tactile feedback with error prevention methods of word processors. TypeRight extends the standard keyboard so that the resistance to press each key becomes dynamically adjustable through software. Before each keystroke, the resistance of keys that would lead to a typing error according to dictionary and grammar rules is increased momentarily to make them harder to press, thus avoiding typing errors rather than indicating them after the fact. Two user studies showed that TypeRight decreases error correction rates by an average of 46%.
Quaternionic analysis

The richness of the theory of functions over the complex field makes it natural to look for a similar theory for the only other non-trivial real associative division algebra, namely the quaternions. Such a theory exists and is quite far-reaching, yet it seems to be little known. It was not developed until nearly a century after Hamilton's discovery of quaternions. Hamilton himself (1) and his principal followers and expositors, Tait(2) and Joly(3), only developed the theory of functions of a quaternion variable as far as it could be taken by the general methods of the theory of functions of several real variables (the basic ideas of which appeared in their modern form for the first time in Hamilton's work on quaternions). They did not delimit a special class of regular functions among quaternion-valued functions of a quaternion variable, analogous to the regular functions of a complex variable.
Institutional Analysis

Ranging from Durkheim's original lecture in sociology to an excerpt from the work incomplete at his death, these selections illuminate his multiple approaches to the crucial concept of social solidarity and the study of institutions as diverse as the law, morality, and the family. Durkheim's focus on social solidarity convinced him that sociology must investigate the way that individual behavior itself is the product of social forces. As these writings make clear, Durkheim pursued his powerful model of sociology through many fields, eventually synthesizing both materialist and idealist viewpoints into his functionalist model of society.
Working Papers in Economics and Statistics Spatial Convergence of Regions Revisited : A Spatial Maximum Likelihood Systems Approach

This paper suggests that one should account for the endogeneity of important explanatory variables and the persistence of technology shocks when analyzing spatial convergence among regions. Specifically, it is argued that a systems approach is called for that includes the average growth rate and the initial income level as the endogenous variables. For 212 European regions the estimation results reveal a substantial correlation between the disturbances of the equation explaining initial income per capita and that of its subsequent average growth rate. Moreover, the estimated speed of convergence is found substantially higher in a systems framework. This holds true for both spatial conditional and unconditional convergence.
Environmental Regulations and Trade in Europe: The Role of Differentiation

One of the aspects related to the pollution haven hypothesis is that by applying stringent regulations to protect the environment, countries tend to reduce their international competitiveness. Most studies that apply gravity-type equations do not find robust support to that view. Very recent studies using US data but with another set-up than gravity, do find however a significant effect of high stringency on net imports (see Ederington, Minier, 2003; Levinson and Taylor, 2003; and also Ederington et al., 2003). The first aim of this paper is to go back to the gravity literature and show that one can obtain robust negative effects of stringency, as long as gravity equations are well specified with respect to theory. Second, this article puts forward a new hypothesis based on the degree of differentiati on in goods to explain the low impact of stringency on trade found so far, and tests it on a new Western and Eastern European dataset. By using alternative methods to condition out the degree of differentiation of goods produced by industries and/or countries, the paper finds a robust impact of a ‘pure cost’ effect of stringency lying generally from –0.3 to -3.5.
Learning to Practise Social Work: International Approaches

Introduction. Educating social workers for practice: International themes, Mark Doel, School of Social Work, University of Central England, Birmingham and Steven M Shardlow, Department of Social Work Studies, University of Salford. 1. University-community partnerships: Practicum learning for community revitalization, Therese J. Dent and Alice Tourville, School of Social Work, Washington University, St Louis, United States of America. 2. Social work placements in police settings: A force for change, Kalindi S. Muzumdar, Mumbai, India. 3. Integrating people and services: A practice and learning experience through field instruction, Anna Y L Leung, Heidi S K Hui and Frances Y S Ip, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong. 4. Learning opportunities and placements with asylum seekers, Dee Underhill with Claire Betteridge, Ben Harvey and Karen Patient, Cambridgeshire Social Services, England. 5. Student supervision in context: A model for external supervisors, Jane Maidment, Department of Social Inquiry, Deakin University, Australia and Pauline Woodward, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. 6. Student practice placements as gatekeepers to the profession, Sigrun Juliusdottir, Steinnun Hrafnsdottir and Bjarney Kristjansdottir, Department of Social Sciences, University of Iceland. 7. Becoming a social worker: Using student job descriptions in child care and family support placements, Nicoleta Neamtu, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, with Silvia Cioaza, Romanian Foundation for Child, Family and Community, Romania. 8. Practice teaching using the case record, Lesley Cooper, School of Social Administration and Social Work, Flinders University of South Australia and Paul Seartson, Mt Gambier. 9. Practice learning in hospital-based settings, Nigel Hall, School of Social Work, Kopje, Zimbabwe and Revai Senzere, Department of Social Welfare, Chegutu, Zimbabwe. 10. Practice learning in the voluntary sector, Elaine King, Joyce Lishman and Rob Mackay, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen and . 11. Culturally competent mental health services for Latinos: An examination of three settings, Kurt C Organista, Peter G Manoleas and Rafael Herrera, School of Social Welfare, University of California, United States of America. 12. Field instruction in university teaching hospitals, Marion Bogo and Judith Globerman, Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Canada, and Lorie Shekter-Wolfson, Ministry of Health, Ontario, Canada.
The Moduli Space of Curves and Its Tautological Ring

T he moduli space of curves has proven itself a central object in geometry. The past decade has seen substantial progress in understanding the moduli space of curves, involving ideas, for example, from geometry (algebraic, symplectic, and differential), physics, topology, and combinatorics. Many of the new ideas are related to the tautological ring of the moduli space, a subring of the cohomology (or Chow) ring that (i) seems highly structured, and (ii) seems to include all the geometrically natural classes. The goal of this article is to give the reader an introduction to the moduli space of curves and some intuition for its behavior. We do this by focusing on its tautological ring and in particular on its beautiful combinatorial structure. As motivation we consider the prototypical example of a moduli space, that of the Grassmannian (parameterizing k -dimensional subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space). Its cohomology ring has an elegant structure, and Mumford suggested studying the moduli space of curves in the same way. We introduce the moduli space of (genus g , n-pointed) curves, with enough information to give a feel for its basic geography. We next introduce the tautological cohomology (or Chow) classes. Finally, we describe some of what is known about the tautological ring, emphasizing combinatorial aspects. We will assume as little as possible, although some notions from geometry and topology will be used. The selection of material is, of course, a personal one, and there are necessarily omissions of important work. However, we hope that enough has been given for the reader new to the field to appreciate the deep structure of this important geometrical object. For the expert we hope that the view will be a refreshing one with perhaps some combinatorial surprises. Many important recent developments in this highly interdisciplinary field are beyond the scope of this article. For example, the most exciting news in recent times is Madsen and Weiss’s proof of Madsen’s generalization of Mumford’s conjecture, based on earlier work of Madsen and Tillmann; the methods are topological and singularity-theoretic. Other relevant fields include Teichmüller theory, geometric topology, conformal field theory, and arithmetic geometry (Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfants). Even within algebraic geometry, this discussion leaves out important recent work of Farkas, GibneyKeel-Morrison, and many others. We will use the algebro-geometric language of schemes, but readers should feel free to interpret these loosely as a certain type of (ringed, topological) space and to think instead in their category of choice (such as algebraic varieties, analytic spaces, manifolds, topological spaces, etc.). All dimensions will be complex (= algebraic), not real, unless otherwise specified. The perspective here on moduli spaces is that of Grothendieck, Mumford, and Deligne. The highlights Ravi Vakil is assistant professor of mathematics at Stanford University. His email address is vakil@math. stanford.edu.
The Functional Roles of the His247 and His281 Residues in Folate and Proton Translocation Mediated by the Human Proton-coupled Folate Transporter SLC46A1*

This report addresses the functional role of His residues in the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT; SLC46A1), which mediates intestinal folate absorption. Of ten His residues, only H247A and H281A mutations altered function. The folic acid influx Kt at pH 5.5 for H247A was ↓8.4-fold. Although wild type (WT)-PCFT Ki values varied among the folates, Ki values were much lower and comparable for H247-A, -R, -Q, or -E mutants. Homology modeling localized His247 to the large loop separating transmembrane domains 6 and 7 at the cytoplasmic entrance of the translocation pathway in hydrogen-bond distance to Ser172. The folic acid influx Kt for S172A-PCFT was decreased similar to H247A. His281 faces the extracellular region in the seventh transmembrane domain. H281A-PCFT results in loss-of-function due to ∼12-fold↑ in the folic acid influx Kt. When the pH was decreased from 5.5 to 4.5, the WT-PCFT folic acid influx Kt was unchanged, but the Kt decreased 4-fold for H281A. In electrophysiological studies in Xenopus oocytes, both WT-PCFT- and H281A-PCFT-mediated folic acid uptake produced current and acidification, and both exhibited a low level of folate-independent proton transport (slippage). Slippage was markedly increased for the H247A-PCFT mutant. The data suggest that disruption of the His247 to Ser172 interaction results in a PCFT conformational alteration causing a loss of selectivity, increased substrate access to a high affinity binding pocket, and proton transport in the absence of a folate gradient. The His281 residue is not essential for proton coupling but plays an important role in PCFT protonation, which, in turn, augments folate binding to the carrier.
RR-TCP: a reordering-robust TCP with DSACK

TCP performs poorly on paths that reorder packets significantly, where it misinterprets out-of-order delivery as packet loss. The sender responds with a fast retransmit though no actual loss has occurred. These repeated false fast retransmits keep the sender's window small, and severely degrade the throughput it attains. Requiring nearly in-order delivery needlessly restricts and complicates Internet routing systems and routers. Such beneficial systems as multi-path routing and parallel packet switches are difficult to deploy in a way that preserves ordering. Toward a more reordering-tolerant Internet architecture, we present enhancements to TCP that improve the protocol's robustness to reordered and delayed packets. We extend the sender to detect and recover from false fast retransmits using DSACK information, and to avoid false fast retransmits proactively, by adaptively varying dupthresh. Our algorithm is the first that adaptively balances increasing dupthresh, to avoid false fast retransmits, and limiting the growth of dupthresh, to avoid unnecessary timeouts. Finally, we demonstrate that TCP's RTO estimator tolerates delayed packets poorly, and present enhancements to it that ensure it is sufficiently conservative, without using timestamps or additional TCP header hits. Our simulations show that these enhancements significantly improve TCP's performance over paths that reorder or delay packets.
Posttraumatic Stress in Children After Injury

Objectives After injury, many children experience posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) that negatively impact recovery. Acute pain and PTSS share neurobiological pathways, and acute dosage of morphine has been linked to reduced PTSS in naturalistic studies. However, the complex interactions between pain, morphine and other opioid use, and PTSS have yet to be investigated in robust pediatric samples. This prospective, longitudinal study examined relationships between acute pain, opioid medications, and PTSS after pediatric injury. Methods Ninety-six children aged 8 to 13 years (mean = 10.60, SD = 1.71), hospitalized for unintentional injury, completed assessments at baseline (T1) and 12 weeks (T2) later. Pain ratings and opioid administration data were obtained via chart review. Results Structural equation modeling revealed that worst pain endorsed during hospitalization was positively associated with concurrent and later PTSS when controlling for evidence-based risk factors (ie, age, sex, prior trauma history, traumatic appraisals of injury event, heart rate). Neither opioid medications overall nor morphine specifically (milligram/kilogram/day) administered during hospitalization mediated the relationship between pain and T2 PTSS. Conclusions Pain during hospitalization may increase susceptibility for persistent PTSS above and beyond the influence of other empirical risk factors. Findings suggest that pain assessment may be a useful addition to pediatric PTSS screening tools and highlight the need for additional research on pharmacological secondary prevention approaches. Given that inadequate pain control and persistent PTSS each hinder recovery and long-term functioning, better understanding of interactions between acute pain and PTSS after injury is essential for improving screening, prevention, and early intervention efforts.
Don't Even Think About It: The Role of Sexual Fantasies as Perceived Unfaithfulness in Heterosexual Dating Relationships

We examined the relationship of the context and the target of fantasies on college students' ratings of unfaithfulness and reactions of jealousy to the fantasies of a dating partner. Participants also rated how unfaithful they thought their own fantasies were and reported feelings of guilt that may have been present. We found that men and women rated the sexual fantasies of a dating partner as highly unfaithful and jealousy provoking, and those ratings were moderated by the target of a partner's fantasy. The more likely it was that the person about whom a dating partner was fantasizing could disrupt the primary relationship, the higher the unfaithfulness and jealousy ratings. Similarly, participants' ratings of how unfaithful their own fantasies were, and how guilty they felt in response to having had sexual fantasies, were also positively related to how likely it was that the person about whom they were fantasizing could disrupt the relationship. The context of both the participants' and their partners' .
Quantitation of Ischemic Events After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans: A Simple Scoring System

Background Cerebral ischemia is recognized as one of the most important mechanisms responsible for secondary brain damage following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to an increased mortality and a worse neurologic outcome. Method A simple 5-item scoring system, taking into account the occurrence of specific potentially brain-damaging events (hypoxemia, hypotension, low cerebral blood flow, herniation, and low cerebral perfusion pressure) has been tested in a large population of severe TBI patients. Aims of this retrospective study were to validate the ability of the proposed ischemic score to predict neurologic outcome and to correlate the ischemic score with the results of microdialysis-based neurochemical monitoring and brain tissue oxygen monitoring. Findings In a population of 172 severe TBI patients, a significant correlation was found between ischemic score and neurologic outcome, both at 3 months (r=−0.32; P<0.01) and at 6 months (r=−0.31; P<0.01). Significant correlations were also found with the most important neurochemical analytes. Conclusions The ischemic score proposed here, may be determined during the acute intensive care unit period, and correlates closely with outcome, which can only be determined 3 to 6 months, after injury. It also shows a correlation with neurochemical analytes.