Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Victim Willingness to Report Crime to Police: Does Procedural Justice or Outcome Matter Most?

Abstract Research has shown that procedural justice is an important predictor of victims’ satisfaction with the criminal justice system. What remains relatively unclear, however, is whether procedural justice is more important to victims than other instrumental factors, such as the outcome favorability of their encounters with police. Some studies find that victims are more satisfied with the criminal justice system when they have received a favorable outcome, while others show that procedural justice elements dominate their concerns. To date, only three studies have investigated this issue in the context of victims’ willingness to cooperate with the police. Again, however, the results have been inconclusive. The present study utilizes survey data collected from a representative sample of 1,204 Australians to show that the effect of procedural justice on victims’ willingness to report crime to police is context specific. For some victim types, procedural justice is more important, while for other victim types, instrumental factors dominate their decision to report crime.
The effect of body and part-based motion on the recognition of unfamiliar objects

We investigated the role of global (body) and local (parts) motion on the recognition of unfamiliar objects. Participants were trained to categorise moving objects and were then tested on their recognition of static images of these targets using a priming paradigm. Each static target shape was primed by a moving object that comprised either the same body and parts motion; same body, different parts motion; different body, same part motion as the learned target or was non-moving. Only the same body but not the same part motion facilitated shape recognition (Experiment 1), even when either motion was diagnostic of object identity (Experiment 2). When parts motion was more related to the object's body motion then it facilitated the recognition of the static target (Experiment 3). Our results suggest that global and local motions are independently accessed during object recognition and have important implications for how objects are represented in memory.
Self-focus and stereotyping of the self

A study tested the effects of mirror-induced self-focus on participants tendency to self-stereotype. Americans high and low in identification with their nationality rated themselves and the group “Americans on traits that varied in stereotypicality and valence. Participants made these ratings under one of three conditions: (1) while facing a mirror, (2) while facing a mirror with an American flag visible, and (3) while not facing a mirror. High identifiers were more likely to endorse stereotypic traits and to rate themselves as similar to their national group when self-focused. In contrast, low identifiers were less likely to endorse stereotypic traits and to rate themselves as similar to their national group when self-focused. These patterns were limited to traits negative in valence. Correlational analyses indicated that self/group ratings were most similar when high identifiers were self-focused. Implications for the distinction between personal and social identity are discussed.
Differentiating between endocervical glandular neoplasia and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in endocervical crypts: Cytological features in ThinPrep and SurePath cervical cytology samples

A recent audit at our institution revealed a higher number of cases diagnosed as endocervical glandular neoplasia on ThinPrep (TP) cervical cytology samples (9 cases) as opposed to SurePath (SP) (1 case), which on histology showed only high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with endocervical crypt involvement (CI). We attempted to ascertain the reasons for this finding by reviewing the available slides of these cases, as well as slides of cases diagnosed as glandular neoplasia on cytology and histology; cases diagnosed as high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) on cytology which had CIN with CI on histology and cases with mixed glandular and squamous abnormalities diagnosed both cytologically and histologically. Single neoplastic glandular cells and short pseudostratified strips were more prevalent in SP than TP with the cell clusters in glandular neoplasia 3–4 cells thick, in contrast to the dense crowded centre of cell groups in HSIL with CI. The cells at the periphery of groups can be misleading. Cases with HSIL and glandular neoplasia have a combination of the features of each entity in isolation. The diagnosis of glandular neoplasia remains challenging and conversion from conventional to liquid based cervical cytology requires a period of learning and adaptation, which can be facilitated by local audit and review of the cytology slides in cases with a cytology–histology mismatch. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Processing of Speech in Complex Listening Environments by Individuals with Obscure Auditory Dysfunction

Obscure auditory dysfunction (OAD) is a disorder for which patients report excessive amounts of difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise, despite no obvious evidence of hearing loss. It has been hypothesized that OAD may be the result of mild cochlear dysfunction, central auditory processing deficits, and/or psychological disorders. We evaluated 10 persons with self‐reported problems understanding speech in noisy environments and 10 controls. Both groups had normal‐hearing sensitivity and excellent word recognition in quiet. The following tests were administered to each participant: DPOAE and ABR assessment, central auditory processing screening, personality inventory, and tests involving speech recognition in complex environments. The speech recognition measures were a subset of tests reported in Hawley et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 833–843 (2004)] and were designed to probe binaural processing ability, as well as spectral and temporal processing of speech in complex environ.
Collocation lists as instruments for metaphor detection in corpora

This paper reports a study on the use of collocation lists as instruments for detecting metaphors in corpora. A collocation list contains the collocations for selected words in corpora together with concordances for those words. As corpora become more available to metaphor researchers, there is a growing need for developing ways to gain access to as much data as the corpus can offer. The research described here has hopefully come some way toward meeting the challenges of developing tools for metaphor corpus research. Results suggest that the collocation lists seem to be a good pre-processing instrument for corpus research of metaphor, despite accuracy problems.
Learning Trend Inflation – Can Signal Extraction Explain Survey Forecasts?

It can be shown that inflation expectations and associated forecast errors are characterized by a high degree of persistence. One reason may be that forecasters cannot directly observe the inflation target pursued by the central bank and, hence, face a complicated forecasting problem. In particular, they have to infer whether the observed movement of the inflation rate is due to a permanent change of policy parameters or whether it is the result of a transient shock. Consequently, it is assumed that agents behave like econometricians who filter noisy information by estimating an unobserved components model. This constitutes the trend learning algorithm employed by the forecaster. To examine whether this is a valid assumption, I fit a simple learning model to US survey expectations. The second part contains an out-of-sample forecasting experiment which shows that learning by signal extraction matches survey measures closer than other standard models. Moreover, it turns out that a weighted average of different expectation formation processes with a prominent role for signal extraction behaviour is well suited to explain survey measures of inflation expectations.
Bacterial Oxidation of Mercury Metal Vapor, Hg(0)

ABSTRACT We used metalloregulated luciferase reporter fusions and spectroscopic quantification of soluble Hg(II) to determine that the hydroperoxidase-catalase, KatG, of Escherichia coli can oxidize monatomic elemental mercury vapor, Hg(0), to the water-soluble, ionic form, Hg(II). A strain with a mutation inkatG and a strain overproducing KatG were used to demonstrate that the amount of Hg(II) formed is proportional to the catalase activity. Hg(0) oxidation was much decreased in stationary-phase cells of a strain lacking KatG, suggesting that the monofunctional hydroperoxidase KatE is less effective at this reaction. Unexpectedly, Hg(0) oxidation also occurred in a strain lacking both KatE and KatG, suggesting that activities other than hydroperoxidases may carry out this reaction. Two typical soil bacteria,Bacillus and Streptomyces, also oxidize Hg(0) to Hg(II). These observations establish for the first time that bacteria can contribute, as do mammals and plants, to the oxidative phase of the global Hg cycle.
Learned Resourcefulness Moderates the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Academic Performance

People high in learned resourcefulness are purported to be better than others at controlling their negative emotions and managing stressful tasks. We hypothesised that highly resourceful students would be more effective than others at protecting themselves from the adverse effects of academic stress, and not allowing that stress to impact their grades. A sample of 141 first-year undergraduate students completed measures of academic stress and learned resourcefulness. Their first-year grade point averages were obtained from university records. Analyses revealed that academic stress was negatively associated with academic performance. As expected, this negative association was moderated by learned resourcefulness. High academic stress adversely impacted the grades of low resourceful students but had no effect on high resourceful students. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving academic performance.
Implementation of mandatory nutritional guidelines in South Australian primary school canteens: A qualitative study

Primary schools are identified as being in a primary position to offer nutrition education. Moreover, primary schools can offer an environment which is conducive to the promotion of healthy eating while influencing eating behaviours of children to benefit their health, well-being and academic development and performance. School canteens are one area where a healthy ethos can be encouraged and within Australia, canteens have been the target of recommended or mandated healthy eating state government policies. This is comparable to other Australian health policies mandated in schools in an effort to support good nutrition and physical health among students. Using a qualitative case study approach, this article discusses the implementation of the ‘Right Bite Healthy Food and Drinks Strategy for South Australian Schools and Preschools’ (Right Bite). The case study was undertaken in two primary schools to gain a thorough and in-depth investigation of emerging issues regarding the school canteen and used focus group and face-to-face interviews as well as observation. The data collected were coded and analysed into themes. Respondents claimed that Right Bite had merit although barriers such as: resistance from parents and children to purchase healthy options, difficulties associated with serving and preparing fresh food at school, inadequate canteen facilities, and counteracting heavy marketing of unhealthy foods to children impeded implementation. While Right Bite encourages South Australian school children to make better choices through education and support so as to improve their health, well-being and academic performance, more support must be provided to schools for greater uptake and implementation of policy.
Endocytosis Is Essential for Pathogenic Development in the Corn Smut Fungus Ustilago maydis[W]

It is well established that polarized exocytosis is essential for fungal virulence. By contrast, the contribution of endocytosis is unknown. We made use of a temperature-sensitive mutant in the endosomal target soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor Yup1 and demonstrate that endocytosis in Ustilago maydis is essential for the initial steps of pathogenic development, including pheromone perception and cell–cell fusion. Furthermore, spore formation and germination were drastically reduced, whereas colonization of the plant was only slightly inhibited. The function of endocytosis in the recognition of mating pheromone through the G protein–coupled pheromone receptor Pra1 was analyzed in greater detail. Biologically active Pra1–green fluorescent protein localizes to the plasma membrane and is constitutively endocytosed. Yup1ts mutants that are blocked in the fusion of endocytic transport vesicles with early endosomes are impaired in pheromone perception and conjugation hyphae formation. This is attributable to an accumulation of Pra1-carrying endocytic vesicles in the cytoplasm and the depletion of the receptor from the membrane. Consistently, strong Pra1 expression rescues the signaling defects in endocytosis mutants, but subsequent cell fusion is still impaired. Thus, we conclude that endocytosis is essential for recognition of the partner at the beginning of the pathogenic program but has additional roles in mating as well as spore formation and germination.
Youth, Culture, and Identity: Ethnographic Explorations

Portraits of youth’s lives are often marked by extremes. On one side is the despair of poverty and the endless cycle of gang violence; on the other side, the self-absorption and materialism of middle-class youth who pass their lives in a postmodern haze of images and consumption. Although certainly there is validity (and cause for concern) in both of these representations, youth’s lives cannot be reduced to simple boilerplates, a point underscored by the three ethnographies under review in this essay. Conventional research on youth is dominated by psychological and sociological models that emphasize the “storm and stress” of the transition from childhood to maturity (Griffin, 2001) and conceptualize youth as a “problem” (Wulff, 1995). A significant challenge to this mainstream research approach emanates from the rich tradition of the Birmingham School, located at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. Through the 1970s and 1980s, the Birmingham School produced numerous classic studies of youth (perhaps the most famous of which is Paul Willis’ Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs) that centered youth’s cultural production, locating it within larger social, economic, and political contexts. Most significantly, the Birmingham School (and its followers and even its many critics) refused the model of youth as simply a transitional space between two more meaningful locations (childhood and adulthood). Instead, youth in itself was an important time and space—for individuals, but also for society as a whole. The Birmingham School recognized youth’s agency and its power to resist societal structures, often through flamboyant and spectacular subcultures (Hall & Jefferson, 1975; Hebdige, 1979). Youth culture research through the late 1980s and 1990s both expanded and questioned the notion of “resistance” and was further complicated by theoretical moves within poststructuralism and postmodernism that weakened the grand narratives undergirding much of the Birmingham School research (Griffin, 2001). The three studies under review in this essay draw on the traditions of the Birmingham School, recognizing its formative role in shaping inquiry into youth, culture, and identity. All take seriously the agency and creative cultural power of youth. But each author also takes us beyond the “resistance” and “conformity” paradigms that oversimplify the complicated patterns of youth’s lives. In this sense, the authors are representative of a new generation of youth culture researchers, whose work is theoretically innovative, ethnographically rich, and willing to challenge standard analyses of youth, culture, and identity.
Seasonal shifts in genotype frequencies in the invasive cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi in Lake Texoma, U.S.A.

SUMMARY 1. We examined the ecological genetics of the invasive cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi in a reservoir (Lake Texoma) in the southern USA. This species originates from the Old World subtropics and has spread across North America since the late 1980s after its inadvertent introduction to a reservoir in northeastern Texas. 2. The population genetic structure of D. lumholtzi was examined seasonally on 22 dates over a 3-year period along a natural temperature and salinity gradient. 3. A two-allele polymorphism at the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) locus was detected, while other loci tested showed no variation. Significant temporal heterogeneity existed in genotype frequencies with a major shift between summer and autumn. 4. Results of a multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a significant amount of variation was explained by day length, temperature and conductivity. Additionally, significant spatial heterogeneity of genotype frequencies between lake stations was observed, but was restricted to the summer. 5. Clonal isolates were used in controlled laboratory temperature and salinity tolerance experiments. Results suggest that salinity and temperature tolerance differed between PGI genotypes. 6. Genotype · environment interactions may play a significant role in the micro- evolutionary dynamics of this invasive species and may have facilitated its rapid expansion across the North American continent.
Emotion Regulation Factors as Mediators Between Body Dissatisfaction and Bulimic Symptoms in Early Adolescent Girls

Research suggests that negative affect is an important mediator in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. This study examines the mediational role of specific emotion regulation processes (i.e., negative emotionality, poor awareness of emotion, nonconstructive coping with negative emotion) in bulimic symptoms. In addition to these emotion regulation variables, body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms were assessed in 234 girls in Grades 6 to 8 (mean age = 12 years, 11 months). The results indicated that negative affect, poor awareness of emotion, and nonconstructive coping with negative emotion partially mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic behaviors. The findings are discussed in light of previous research that suggests emotion regulation needs to be viewed as a multidimensional construct.
Perception and Cognition in Music: Musically Trained and Untrained Adults Compared to Sixth-Grade and Eighth-Grade Children

We investigated different levels of age and musical training in relation to subjects' melodic perception in music by testing their ability to perceive a target melody when extremely similar melodies are interpolated between this original melody and its reoccurrence. Participants were sixth graders, eighth graders, young adults, and trained musicians who listened to 16 original melodies, each of which was followed by 8 extremely similar melodies. Two different experiments (A and B) tested different arrangements of mode and meter interpolations. We also asked the adult musicians to specify cognitive strategies for accomplishing the task. Results demonstrated greater accuracy among experienced musicians, yet results show that even young students are capable of remembering and discriminating similar melodies with high accuracy. Written analyses of strategies used by musicians indicated they considered the task extremely difficult and that their past musical training helped with the task; they also indicated that children could not do this task, which was not the case.
Pricing, No-Arbitrage Bounds and Robust Hedging of Installment Options

An instalment option is a European option in which the premium, instead of being paid up-front, is paid in a series of instalments. If all instalments are paid the holder receives the exercise value, but the holder has the right to terminate payments on any payment date, in which case the option lapses with no further payments on either side. We discuss pricing and risk management for these options, in particular the use of static hedges, and also study a continuous-time limit in which premium is paid at a certain rate per unit time.
Cyberbullying among youth: A comprehensive review of current international research and its implications and application to policy and practice

Cyberbullying research is rapidly expanding with many studies being published from around the world in the past five or six years. In this article we review the current international literature published in English, with particular attention to the following themes: The relationship of cyberbullying to the more traditional face-to-face bullying, including differences and similarities; the impacts of cyberbullying on victims, bullies, schools, families, and communities; coping strategies for victims, schools, and parents; and solutions, both effective and ineffective. A focus of this article is evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies, which may be employed by educators, psychological service providers, and by parents to counter the problem of cyberbullying. Here we address the importance of school and home culture, modelling, curriculum development in information and communication technology (ICT) and social media, peer and bystander education, and other non-punitive approaches. We conclude with a discussion of implications on policy and practice and future research directions.
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Informal Workplace Learning Outcomes: A Study among Socio-Educational Care Workers

Abstract Lifelong learning has become a necessity for individuals’ employability and a source ofsustainable competitive advantage for organisations. Learning does not only occurthrough education and training, informal learning—learning from engagement indaily work-related activities—is considered an important source for establishing a sus-tainable change aimed at achieving individual and organisational goals. The purposeof this study is to develop and validate a measurement instrument of informal work-place learning outcomes focusing on socio-educational care workers. Due to their con-stantly changing profession, continuous learning has become a necessity. After theconstruction of the questionnaire on socio-educational care workers’ informal# The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf ofThe British Association of Social Workers. All rights reserved.British Journal of Social Work (2013) 1–20 doi:10.1093/bjsw/bct056 British Journal of Social Work Advance Access published March 17, 2013