Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Tiamulin in an Experimental Intratracheal Infection Model of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most important pathogen in poultry among four pathogenic Mycoplasma species. Tiamulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic that shows a great activity against M. gallisepticum and has been approved for use in veterinary medicine particularly for poultry. However, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) profiles of tiamulin against M. gallisepticum are not well understood. Therefore, in the current studies, we investigated the in vivo PK/PD profiles of tiamulin using a well-established experimental intratracheal infection model of M. gallisepticum. The efficacy of tiamulin against M. gallisepticum was studied in 8-day-old chickens after intramuscular (i.m.) administration at 10 doses between 0–80 mg/kg. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to evaluate the PK parameters of tiamulin following i.m. administration at doses of 5, 40, and 80 mg/kg in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected neutropenic chickens. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used for quantitative detection of M. gallisepticum. The MIC of tiamulin against M. gallisepticum strain S6 was 0.03 μg/mL. The PK/PD index, AUC24h/MIC, correlated well with the in vivo antibacterial efficacy. The in vivo data suggest that animal dosage regimens should supply AUC24h/MIC of tiamulin of 382.68 h for 2 log10 ccu equivalents M. gallisepticum reduction. To attain that goal, the administered dose is expected to be 45 mg/kg b.w. for treatment of M. gallisepticum infection with an MIC90 of 0.03 μg/mL.
The Effect of Meta pragmatic Instructions on the Interpretation and Use of Apology Speech Acts of English as a Foreign Language Learner (EFL) at Intermediate Level

This study dealt with the application of the pragmatics research to EFL teaching. The study explored the effect of explicit metapragmatic instructions on the interpretation and use of apology speech acts of intermediate EFL students. The speech act of apologizing was selected as the focus of teaching. Teacher-fronted discussions, cooperative grouping, role plays, and other pragmatically oriented tasks were used to promote the learning of speech acts. A total number of 60 Iranian students based on OPT (Oxford Placement Test) test were selected for this study. Discourse Completion Test and Multiple Choice Questionnaire were developed as a pretest and posttest to measure the effects of instruction on the pragmatic awareness of the students. The results of the data analysis revealed that students' interpretation and use of speech acts improved significantly.
Properties of spherical galaxies and clusters with an NFW density profile

Using the standard dynamical theory of spherical systems, we calculate the properties of spherical galaxies and clusters whose density profiles obey the universal form first obtained in high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations by Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW). We adopt three models for the internal kinematics: isotropic velocities, constant anisotropy and increasingly radial Osipkov–Merritt anisotropy. Analytical solutions are found for the radial dependence of the mass, gravitational potential, velocity dispersion, energy and virial ratio and we test their variability with the concentration parameter describing the density profile and amount of velocity anisotropy. We also compute structural parameters, such as half-mass radius, effective radius and various measures of concentration. Finally, we derive projected quantities, the surface mass density and line-of-sight as well as aperture-velocity dispersion, all of which can be directly applied in observational tests of current scenarios of structure formation. On the mass scales of galaxies, if constant mass-to-light is assumed, the NFW surface density profile is found to fit Hubble–Reynolds laws well. It is also well fitted by Sersic R1/m laws, for but in a much narrower range of m and with much larger effective radii than are observed. Assuming in turn reasonable values of the effective radius, the mass density profiles imply a mass-to-light ratio that increases outwards at all radii.
Refinement of chromosome 3p22.3 region and identification of a susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder

Genome‐wide association studies and meta‐analysis, as well as our own previous family‐based association results, have pointed to chromosome (ch) 3p22.3 and 3p21.1 as candidate regions to contain a susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). In the present study, we further refined the region of interest on ch 3p22.3. We genotyped 94 SNPs within the candidate region in 74 families and performed family‐based association analysis using a transmission disequilibrium test. One single SNP (rs166508) was associated with the BPAD phenotype (P = 0.0187). This SNP is located within intron 15 of the integrin alpha 9 (ITGA9) gene. ITGA9 encodes the α9 subunit of the α9β1 integrin, a membrane glycoprotein receptor for neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Quantification of ITGA9 transcripts in the peripheral blood of patients with BPAD and controls showed an upregulation of ITGA9 (Kruskal–Wallis P = 0.0339) in patients with the disease‐associated genotype (rs166508*A/A), compared to those with rs166508*G/G and rs166508*G/A genotypes. Sequencing of the ITGA9 cDNA revealed a sequence variant (r.1689_1839del) in rs166508*A carriers, which leads to loss of the entire exon 16. In silico analysis revealed that the deleted region contains three putative microRNA binding sites, which may be involved in the negative regulation of ITGA9. In conclusion, our results confirm previous evidence pointing to a candidate region for BPAD on ch 3p.22. 3. In addition, we suggest a molecular substrate that could explain the increase of ITGA9 mRNA levels in probands with BPAD, proposing a new mechanism that could be involved in the genetic susceptibility to the disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dialing in: effect of telephonic wellness coaching on weight loss.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of telephonic wellness coaching on weight loss in a commercially insured population. STUDY DESIGN Pre-post evaluation design. METHODS Self-reported weight was obtained from 2 annual health assessment questionnaires administered during 2008 and 2010. Baseline (T1) information from these questionnaires was used to identify overweight/obese individuals and to determine targets for a 4-call wellness coaching program. Overweight/obese individuals identified at T1 were classified into following groups: (1) targeted for wellness coaching (N = 1448, including 1050 participants and 398 nonparticipants); (2) not targeted for wellness coaching, but targeted for other telephonic wellness care management (WCM) programs (N = 1270); (3) not targeted for any WCM programs (N = 7586). Weight reported on questionnaires a year later (T2) was used to calculate weight change between T1 and T2. Paired t-tests were used to detect significant weight changes over time. Multivariable linear regressions were used to compare weight changes between the groups. Stratified analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of telephonic wellness coaching for subgroups based on participants' selected health goals, intensity of the intervention received and initial stage of change. RESULTS The group targeted for wellness coaching reported an average weight change of -0.44 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.76 to -0.16) at T2, significantly more weight loss than reported by the group not targeted for any WCM programs. Participants who started in preparation stage and completed the program reported weight change of -1.43 kg (95% CI, -2.17 to -0.68), highest among program participants. CONCLUSIONS Small weight loss was observed for obese/individuals targeted for telephonic wellness coaching.
Bacterial species may exist , metagenomics revealemi

Whether or not bacterial species exist remains an unresolved issue of paramount theoretical as well as practical consequences. Here we review and synthesize the findings emerging from metagenomic surveys of natural microbial populations and argue that microbial communities are predominantly organized in genetically and ecologically discernible populations, which possess the attributes expected for species. These sequence-discrete populations represent a major foundation for beginning highresolution investigations on how populations are organized, interact, and evolve within communities. We also attempt to reconcile these findings with those of previous studies that reported indiscrete species and a genetic continuum within bacterial taxa and discuss the implications for the current bacterial species definition.
Impact of participant and interventionist race concordance on weight loss outcomes

We have previously shown that racial composition of behavioral intervention groups does not affect achieved weight loss. However, it is unclear if the race of the interventionist affects intervention outcomes. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the impact of race concordance between participant and interventionist on weight change in the initial weight loss phase (phase I) of the Weight Loss Maintenance trial (WLM).
The expression of the Hodgkin's disease associated antigen Ki-1 in reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue: evidence that Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytic malignancies are derived from activated lymphoid cells.

Ki-1 is a monoclonal antibody (raised against a Hodgkin's disease-derived cell line) that, in biopsy tissue affected by Hodgkin's disease, reacts selectively with Reed-Sternberg cells. The expression of Ki-1 antigen has been analyzed by immunocytochemical techniques in a wide range of human tissue and cell samples, including fetal tissue, malignant lymphomas (290 cases), and mitogen- and virus-transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antigen was detectable on a variable proportion of cells in all cases of lymphomatoid papulosis and angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and in 28% of the cases of peripheral T cell lymphomas (including lympho-epithelioid lymphomas). It was also expressed (more strongly) on tumor cells in 45 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma, most of which had originally been diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis or anaplastic carcinoma, because of their bizarre morphology. However, all of these cases lacked macrophage and epithelial antigens. Thirty-five cases expressed T cell-related antigens (associated in nine cases with the coexpression of B cell-related antigens), seven bore B cell-related antigens alone, and three were devoid of T and B cell markers. DNA hybridization with a JH specific probe showed a germline configuration in 11 cases of T cell phenotype, in two cases lacking T and B cell antigens, and in one case of mixed T/B phenotype, while rearrangement was found in two cases of clear B cell type and in one mixed T/B case. Expression of the Ki-1 antigen could be induced, together with interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor, on normal lymphoid cells of both T and B cell type by exposure to phytohemagglutinin, human T leukemia viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, or Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained indicate that Ki-1 antigen is an inducible lymphoid-associated molecule that identifies a group of hitherto poorly characterized normal and neoplastic large lymphoid cells. Tumors comprised solely of these cells show both morphological and immunological similarities to the neoplastic cells in Hodgkin's disease. This suggests that both disorders represent the neoplastic proliferation of activated lymphoid cells of either T cell or, less commonly, B cell origin. Disorders in which only a minority of cells express Ki-1 antigen (lymphomatoid papulosis, angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and certain T cell lymphomas) probably represent lesions in which only some of the abnormal cells have transformed into an "activation state. " In direct support of this view is the finding that the Ki-1 expression in these lesions is accompanied by the expression of HLA-DR and IL 2 receptors.
Pilot study of nebulized surfactant therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Thirty‐four spontaneously breathing newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requiring nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and an arterial‐to‐alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/A PO2) of 0.15‐0.22 were randomized to treatment with nebulized surfactant (Curosurf®) or to serve as controls. All children were first supported by nasal CPAP according to normal clinical routines. Surfactant was administered using a modified Aiolos® nebulizer, and a total of 480 mg was aerosolized in each case. The control group received no nebulized material, but had the same CPAP support. Acid‐base status and a/A PO2 were determined at regular intervals before, during and after surfactant administration. Both groups included in the study were similar with regard to gestational age, birthweight, steroids given before birth, sex and Apgar scores as well as a/A PO2 when entering the study. There were no significant differences between the groups in a/A PO2 1‐12 h after randomization, number of infants needing mechanical ventilation, time on ventilator or CPAP. Two children in the treated group developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. No side effects of the surfactant therapy were noted.
MR obstetric pelvimetry: effect of birthing position on pelvic bony dimensions.

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to measure the impact of supine and upright birthing positions on MR pelvimetric dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR pelvimetry was performed in 35 nonpregnant female volunteers in an open 0.5-T MR imaging system with patients in the supine, hand-to-knee, and squatting positions. The obstetric conjugate; sagittal outlet; and interspinous, intertuberous, and transverse diameters were compared among positions. RESULTS With patients in the hand-to-knee and squatting positions, the sagittal outlet (11.8 +/- 1.3 cm and 11.7 +/- 1.3 cm) exceeded that in the supine position (11.5 +/- 1.3 cm; p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively), as did the interspinous diameter (11.6 +/- 1.1 cm and 11.7 +/- 1.0 cm vs 11.0 +/- 0.7 cm; p < 0.0001, in both cases). Intertuberous diameter was wider with patients in the squatting position than in the supine position (12.7 +/- 0.8 cm vs 12.4 +/- 1.1 cm; p = 0.01). Only the obstetric conjugate was smaller with patients in the upright squatting position than in the supine position (12.3 +/- 0.8 cm vs 12.4 +/- 0.9 cm; p = 0.01). Transverse diameter did not change significantly in any position. CONCLUSION An upright birthing position significantly expands female pelvic bony dimensions, suggesting facilitation of labor and delivery.
Investing, Facilitating, or Individualizing the Reconciliation of Work and Family Life: Three Paradigms and Ambivalent Policies

After decades of promoting work–family reconciliation with the aim of advancing gender equality, European Union (EU) discourses around work and family have been reframed. This article distinguishes three currently paramount discourses: The social investment approach, the transitional labor market model, and the individual life-course model. Respectively, they propose investing in, facilitating, and individualizing the new social risks, including the resolution of tensions in the relationship between work and family life. Each has particular assumptions about risk-sharing, public and private responsibility, and the position of the individual vis-à-vis the state and the community. These paradigms have been analyzed in relation to EU policies on the reconciliation of work and family life. We find some traces of these paradigms in the Lisbon agreements, its amendments, and in the National Action Plans that are regularly submitted by the member-states. We conclude that the gender-equality agenda has been subordinated to the focus on creating competitive knowledge-based economies in the EU. Social investment is the most prominent of the three paradigms in this new agenda, yet because it is mixed up with elements from the other paradigms, current policy agendas lack coherence.
The CL-SciSumm Shared Task 2018: Results and Key Insights

This overview describes the official results of the CL-SciSumm Shared Task 2018 -- the first medium-scale shared task on scientific document summarization in the computational linguistics (CL) domain. This year, the dataset comprised 60 annotated sets of citing and reference papers from the open access research papers in the CL domain. The Shared Task was organized as a part of the 41st Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), held in Ann Arbor, USA in July 2018. We compare the participating systems in terms of two evaluation metrics. The annotated dataset and evaluation scripts can be accessed and used by the community from: \url{this https URL}.
List Decoding—Random Coding Exponents and Expurgated Exponents

Some new results are derived concerning random coding error exponents and expurgated exponents for list decoding with a deterministic list-size L. Two asymptotic regimes are considered, the fixed list-size regime, where L is fixed independently of the block length n, and exponential list size, where L grows exponentially with n. We first derive a general upper bound on the list-decoding average error probability, which is suitable for both regimes. This bound leads to more specific bounds in the two regimes. In the fixed list-size regime, the bound is related to known bounds and we establish its exponential tightness. In the exponential list-size regime, we establish the achievability of the well-known sphere packing lower bound. An immediate byproduct of our analysis in both regimes is the universality of the maximum mutual information list decoder in the error exponent sense. Finally, we consider expurgated bounds at low rates, both using Gallager's approach and Csiszár-Körner-Marton approach, which is equivalent for the optimal input assignment. The latter expurgated bound, which involves the notion of multi-information, is also modified to apply to continuous alphabet channels, and in particular, to the Gaussian memoryless channel, where the expression of the expurgated bound becomes quite explicit.
Changes of Myogenic Reactive Oxygen Species and Interleukin-6 in Contracting Skeletal Muscle Cells

The aim of this study was to measure changes in myotube reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of interleukin (IL)-6 in electrically stimulated mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. After five days of differentiation, myotubes were stimulated using an electrical stimulator set at 45 V at a frequency of 5 Hz, with a pulse width of 20 ms. Acute stimulations were performed for 45, 60, 75, 90, or 120 min in each dish. ROSs were detected in the extracted cells directly using a fluorescent probe. IL-6 mRNA expression in C2C12 myotubes and IL-6 concentration in C2C12 myotube supernatants were determined using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Compared with control cells, ROS generation was significantly increased at 45 min after the onset of stimulation (P < 0.01) and continued to increase, reaching a maximum at 120 min. IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 concentration in C2C12 cells were significantly increased after 75 min (P < 0.01) and 120 min (P < 0.05) of electrical stimulation (ES) compared with the control cells. Our data show that a specific ES intensity may modulate ROS accumulation and affect IL-6 gene expression in contracting skeletal muscle cells.
An Architecture for Design and Analysis of High-Performance Robust Antiwindup Compensators

In this note, a general framework for the design and analysis of high-performance robust antiwindup (AW) compensators is presented. The proposed framework combines the Weston-Postlethwaite AW scheme with ideas from residual generation and from robust control architectures based on high-performance nominal controllers. It is shown that the framework is well connected to the Youla controller parameterization and to fault tolerant/detection schemes. Furthermore, the proposed framework provides a transparent analysis of the interactions between the different design parameters which allows for a clearer design tradeoff between robust stability and robust performance for the saturated and unsaturated closed loops.
Serial recall of visuospatial and verbal information with and without material-specific interference: Implications for contemporary models of working memory

A longstanding question in working memory (WM) research concerns the fractionation of verbal and nonverbal processing. Although some contemporary models include both domain-specific and general-purpose mechanisms, the necessity to postulate differential processing of verbal and nonverbal material remains unclear. In the present two-experiment series we revisit the order reconstruction paradigm that Jones, Farrand, Stuart, and Morris (1995) used to support a unitary model of WM. Goals were to assess (1) whether serial position curves for dot positions differ from curves for letter names; and (2) whether selective interference can be demonstrated. Although we replicated Jones et al.'s finding of similar serial position curves for the two tasks, this similarity could reflect the demands of the order reconstruction paradigm rather than undifferentiated processing of verbal and nonverbal stimuli. Both generalised and material-specific interference was found, which can be attributed to competition between primary and secondary tasks for attentional resources. As performance levels for the combined primary and secondary tasks exceed active WM capacity limits, primary task items apparently are removed from active memory during processing of the secondary list and held temporarily in maintenance storage. We conclude that active WM is multimodal but maintenance stores may be domain specific.
Expert-Novice Differences in Cognitive and Execution Skills during Tennis Competition

This study deals with decision and execution behavior of tennis players during competition. The study is based on the expert-novice paradigm and aims to identify differences between both groups in the decision-making and execution variables in serve and shot actions in tennis. Six expert players (elite Spanish tennis players) and six novice players (grade school tennis players) took part in this study. To carry out this study, the observation protocol defined by McPherson and Thomas in 1989, in which control, decision-making and execution variables were included, was used, where it was applied to the performance of the tennis player in a real match situation. In the analysis, significant differences between experts and novices in decision-making and execution variables are found wherein it can be observed that experts display a greater ability to make the appropriate decisions, selecting the most tactical responses to put pressure on the opponent. Expert tennis players were also able to carry out forceful executions to their opponent with greater efficiency, making the opponent's response to a large extent more difficult. These findings are in accordance with those of McPherson and colleagues.
What matters and what's next for civics and citizenship education in Australia?

Debates continue internationally amongst governments, academics, curriculum leaders and educators, about the scope, purpose and enactment of citizenship education in schools. This paper draws on discussions of citizenship education in multiple communities, to consider what’s next and what’s possible for civics and citizenship education in Australia. It explores the kinds of professional knowledge, skills, conceptual frameworks and dispositions which Australian teachers need to educate for democratic citizenship effectively.