Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connected Components of Moduli Stacks of Torsors via Tamagawa Numbers

Abstract Let $X$ be a smooth projective geometrically connected curve over a finite field with function field $K$ . Let $g$ be a connected semisimple group scheme over $X$ . Under certain hypotheses we prove the equality of two numbers associated with $g$ . The first is an arithmetic invariant, its Tamagawa number. The second is a geometric invariant, the number of connected components of the moduli stack of $g$ -torsors on $X$ . Our results are most useful for studying connected components as much is known about Tamagawa numbers.
Mechanism of Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by 4′-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine Triphosphate, a Translocation-defective Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor*

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are employed in first line therapies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. They generally lack a 3′-hydroxyl group, and thus when incorporated into the nascent DNA they prevent further elongation. In this report we show that 4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA), a nucleoside analog that retains a 3′-hydroxyl moiety, inhibited HIV-1 replication in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an EC50 of 0.05 nm, a potency several orders of magnitude better than any of the current clinically used NRTIs. This exceptional antiviral activity stems in part from a mechanism of action that is different from approved NRTIs. Reverse transcriptase (RT) can use EFdA-5′-triphosphate (EFdA-TP) as a substrate more efficiently than the natural substrate, dATP. Importantly, despite the presence of a 3′-hydroxyl, the incorporated EFdA monophosphate (EFdA-MP) acted mainly as a de facto terminator of further RT-catalyzed DNA synthesis because of the difficulty of RT translocation on the nucleic acid primer possessing 3′-terminal EFdA-MP. EFdA-TP is thus a translocation-defective RT inhibitor (TDRTI). This diminished translocation kept the primer 3′-terminal EFdA-MP ideally located to undergo phosphorolytic excision. However, net phosphorolysis was not substantially increased, because of the apparently facile reincorporation of the newly excised EFdA-TP. Our molecular modeling studies suggest that the 4′-ethynyl fits into a hydrophobic pocket defined by RT residues Ala-114, Tyr-115, Phe-160, and Met-184 and the aliphatic chain of Asp-185. These interactions, which contribute to both enhanced RT utilization of EFdA-TP and difficulty in the translocation of 3′-terminal EFdA-MP primers, underlie the mechanism of action of this potent antiviral nucleoside.
Beta2 microglobulin in multiple myeloma

Serum beta2 microglobulin levels (B2M) were evaluated before and during chemotherapy in 97 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Pretreatment values were useful in confirming tumor mass grade, and marked reductions following chemotherapy correlated well with the onset of remission. No gain was evident from correcting the B2M for the level of serum creatinine. A pretreatment B2M value greater than 6 mg/L correlated with a low response rate and was the most important variable that predicted a short survival time.
When good intentions are not enough: Modeling postdecisional cognitive correlates of condom use

Measures of intention usually leave substantial proportions of the variance in behavior unexplained. It has been suggested that improved behavioral prediction could be achieved by identifying postdecisional cognitive processes capable of distinguishing between intenders who do act and those who do not act. Condom-related self-report measures of postdecisional cognitive processes were developed and tested in a cross-sectional questionnaire study involving 447 heterosexual students. A discriminant function composed of postdecisional measures was found to significantly distinguish between intenders who reported use and non-use and to correctly classify 80% of intenders. The results indicate that measures of the relative importance of competing intentions prior planning of specific preparatory actions and action-specific self-efficacy may enhance the prediction of condom use among intenders. (authors)
Some A Posteriori Probabilities in Stock Market Action

IN 1933, one of the authors' published an analysis of the results secured by 45 representative financial agencies in forecasting the prices of common stocks. This study, embracing the period of 41 years from January, 1928 to June, 1932, and including several thousand individual forecasts, showed that these were unsuccessful more often than successful and that, indeed, better results in the aggregate would probably have been secured by investors through following purely random investment programs. This result naturally suggested the question: Is stock price action random in nature or, if not, to what extent is it possible statistically to define the nature of its structure? Herewith is presented at least a partial answer to this question on the basis of evidence adduced from internal elements in the stock price series themselves. Among the different viewpoints from which this problem may be approached are those which consider (1) the element of inertia, and (2) harmonic analysis for the purpose of disclosing evidence as to regular periodicity. With respect to the latter, Professor Harold T. Davis2 has presented evidence of periodicity in stock prices by means of Schuster's periodogram analysis, and has attempted tests of the significance of these periods by R. A. Fisher's technique. By this method, however, only average periods can be found and even then their significance can not be accurately determined because of uncertainty as to the independence of observations. Variable periodicity can be taken into account by a number of techniques, such as Frisch's changing harmonics,3 or by using varying moving averages,4 but there seems to be no way to determine the probabilities of significance in connection with any of these methods. For this reason in the following analysis a method more susceptible of interpretation in terms of probability has been used. Carl Snyder,5 in referring to measurements of the industrial growth
Have you got what it takes?

The RCN is receiving information to the effect that community nurses are having great difficulty obtaining appropriate equipment quickly and easily for their patients in the community. Deciding who is responsible for the safety of the equipment and which structure funds it is also the cause of disputes between agencies. This often prevents the patient from being discharged from hospital at the earliest opportunity.
Fast priority queues for cached memory

The cache hierarchy prevalent in todays high performance processors has to be taken into account in order to design algorithms that perform well in practice. This paper advocates the adaption of external memory algorithms to this purpose. This idea and the practical issues involved are exemplified by engineering a fast priority queue suited to external memory and cached memory that is based on <i>k</i>-way merging. It improves previous external memory algorithms by constant factors crucial for transferring it to cached memory. Running in the cache hierarchy of a workstation the algorithm is at least two times faster than an optimized implementation of binary heaps and 4-ary heaps for large inputs.
Beyond diglossia? Language attitudes and identity in Reunion

Abstract The increased status that Creole has enjoyed in Reunion over the last decade, coupled with more positive attitudes towards the language, has led to suggestions that diglossia may be giving way to a more balanced French-Creole bilingualism. Building on recent research indicating that the new-found status may be largely symbolic, the present article makes use of a quantitative and qualitative survey of language attitudes amongst a group of university students in Reunion to demonstrate that the new appreciation resides predominantly in the ability of Creole to act as an overt marker of a distinct Reunionese identity that increasingly seeks to assert itself today. It argues that this function masks a paradoxical unwillingness to see Creole as an extended means of communication, which, together with a decline in transmission rates, may not signal a more favourable future for the language so much as the next stage of a slow but steady process of language shift to French.
An analytical approach to floorplan design and optimization

An analytical method for VLSI general floorplan design and optimization is proposed. This method is based on a mixed integer programming model and all application of a standard mathematical software. The method allows arbitrary combinations of rigid and flexible modules. Various objective functions, such as chip area, interconnection length, timing delays or any combinations of them, are permitted. Routing space is estimated by the global router. Experimental data are provided. <<ETX>>
Mapping prefrontal cortex functions in human infancy

It has long been thought that the prefrontal cortex, as the seat of most higher brain functions, is functionally silent during most of infancy. This review highlights recent work concerned with the precise mapping (localization) of brain activation in human infants, providing evidence that prefrontal cortex exhibits functional activation much earlier than previously thought. A systematic evaluation of the activation patterns in these neuroimaging studies mainly based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy reveals that prefrontal cortex function can be broadly divided into two distinct anatomical clusters with different functional properties. One cluster of activations falls within the region of the medial prefrontal cortex and is mainly involved in affective processes; another cluster is located in lateral aspects of the prefrontal cortex and shows sensitivity to cognitive processes such as memory and attention. This distinction is in line with adult data and evolutionary models and may represent a developmentally continuous organization principle of prefrontal cortex function. All in all, this review is aimed at providing a synthesis of new findings that are emerging from the use of neuroimaging techniques with infants as well as at encouraging further theory-driven research to understand the developmental origins of prefrontal cortex function.
Preconditioning Legendre spectral collocation approximations to elliptic problems

This work deals with the $H^1 $ condition numbers and the distribution of the $\tilde \beta _{N,M} $-singular values of the preconditioned operators $\{ \tilde \beta _{N,M}^{ - 1} W_{N,M} \hat A_{N,M} \} $. $\hat A_{N,M} $ is the matrix representation of the Legendre spectral collocation discretization of the elliptic operator A defined by $Au: = - \Delta u + a_1 u_x + a_2 u_y + a_0 u$ in $\Omega $ (the unit square) with boundary conditions $u = 0$ on $\Gamma _0 $, $\frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial \nu _A }} = \alpha u$ on $\Gamma _1 $. $\tilde \beta _{N,M} $ is the stiffness matrix associated with the finite element discretization of the positive definite elliptic operator B defined by $Bv: = - \Delta v + b_0 v$ in $\Omega $ with boundary conditions $v = 0$ on $\Gamma _0 $, $\frac{{\partial v}}{{\partial \nu _B }} = \beta v$ on $\Gamma _1 $. The finite element space is either the space of continuous functions which are bilinear on the rectangles determined by the Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto (LGL) points or the s.
Sonographic Healing Stages of Achilles Tendon After Tenomuscular Lengthening in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Long-term follow-up of a tenotomized Achilles tendon reveals healing with formation of a tendonlike structure between the cut tendon ends. A prospective study to show sonographic healing stages was designed. Twelve patients (21 Achilles tendons) with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia, and shortening of their Achilles tendons underwent a tenomuscular release. The healing process was documented by monthly ultrasound studies. Overall, 102 examinations were done, with a mean follow-up of 5.3 months. The authors found six distinct healing stages, with no significant change occurring in the length of the primary gap at the tenotomy site throughout healing. Based on these results, the authors conclude that sonographic healing stages of the cut Achilles tendon can be defined and staged. They also suggest that transverse tenotomy at the tenomuscular junction is a safe method, with no risk of overlengthening.
Hanging in or shaping a future: defining a role for vocationally related learning in a ‘knowledge’ society

This paper explores the changing roles and purposes of vocational education for young people in what has been called a ‘knowledge’ society, using the General National Vocational Qualification (GNVQ) as an example. This qualification dominated the broad, vocationally‐related route within the English qualifications system throughout the 1990s. The paper considers how lecturers in a college of further education understood the role and purpose of GNVQs, and explores the ways in which they engaged in mediating national qualifications policy in practice, through their engagement with students and constructions of students’ learning identities. The paper draws on data from a case study of one college of further education in the English Midlands, which involved interviews with lecturers and students across three vocational areas of the GNVQ. The focus in this paper is on the ways in which lecturers constructed GNVQs around what they perceived to be students’ needs. They encouraged students to use GNVQs to shape a.
“Why Can’t We Learn About This?” Sexual Minority Students Navigate the Official and Hidden Curricular Spaces of High School

In the spaces of high school, sexual minority youth often find that their needs for inclusion are not met by their institutions and those employed within. Through interviews with sexual minority high school students and written questionnaires with high school teachers and other faculty, we find that sexual minority youth are faced with exclusion on a number of curricular levels. Here, we expand the notion of the “official” curriculum to include not only academic curriculums (classrooms), but also campus curriculums (groups) and social curriculums (relationships). Through examining each of these school spaces, we find that the “hidden” heteronormative curriculum directly and adversely affects sexual minority youth on a number of personal and educational levels. Suggestions are provided for changes and additions to high school policies and procedures in order to better serve sexual minority high school populations.
A Prospective Panel Study of Chinese-Canadian Immigrants’ Leisure Participation and Leisure Satisfaction

This longitudinal study examined Chinese immigrants’ leisure participation and satisfaction. A model where participation predicted satisfaction indicated that: satisfaction at Time 1 affected satisfaction at Time 2, and satisfaction at Times 1 and 2 affected satisfaction at Time 3, while participation at Time 1 directly affected satisfaction at Time 2 and indirectly at Time 3. A model where satisfaction predicted participation indicated that: participation at Time 1 affected participation at Time 2, and participation at Times 1 and 2 influenced participation at Time 3, while satisfaction at Time 1 did not affect participation at either Times 2 or 3.
Capacity of a 2/spl times/2 MIMO antenna system with mutual coupling losses

The capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is strongly dependent on the channel matrix which in turn can be expressed in integrals over the antenna far-field patterns. The effect of mutual coupling on the capacity of a 2/spl times/2 MIMO system is studied. The results show that, even though the correlation is reduced, the losses caused by mutual coupling decrease the capacity as we reduce the antenna spacing.
Assessment of isoflavone aglycones variability in soy food supplements using a validated HPLC-UV method

Background and aims Soy supplements are often recommended in the management of menopause symptoms. The declared content of soy supplements is commonly expressed as total isoflavones per dosage form. Given that soy isoflavones have different estrogenic potencies, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the total isoflavone content and the aglycone profile of seven soy supplements and one soy seed extract. Label accuracy was assessed, in relation to the precise content and the recommended posology for estimating whether the optimal dose is achieved for alleviating menopause symptoms. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for evaluating the aglycone content (genistein, daidzein, glycitein). After extraction and acidic hydrolysis, the aglycones were separated on a C18 column, using 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The flow rate was 1.5mL min−1 and the UV detector wavelength was set at 260nm. A linear relationship was found in the range 5–80μg mL−1. The method was validated using the accuracy profile methodology. Results The total isoflavone content ranged from 6.07 to 41.68mg dosage form−1. Various aglycone profiles were obtained for each supplement which can result in a different estrogenic activity, bioavailability and finally, in a different efficiency in alleviating menopause symptoms. In most clinical trials where soy isoflavones were evaluated, little attention was paid to determining the exact aglycone profile of the employed soy extracts. Conclusions As clinical outcomes continue to be controversial, this study highlights the need of standardization in genistein, rather than total isoflavones and labeling accuracy for soy supplements.
Communicating graphical information to blind users using music: the role of context

We describe the design and use of AUDIOGRAPH - a tool for investigating the use of music in the communication of graphical information to blind and partially sighted users. This paper examines the use of the system to communicate complex diagrams and gives some examples of user output. Performance is not as good as expected and it is postulated that context will play an important part in the perception of diagrams communicated using music. A set of experiments are reported which indicate that context does indeed seem to play an important role in assisting meaningful understanding of the diagrams communicated. The implications for using music in auditory interface design are discussed.
Grounded Theory Research and Theory Building

The problem and the solution. A challenging mandate recently advanced by human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners has been the development of theory with clear implications for practice. The grounded theory research approach presents promising possibilities for the development of theoretical frameworks that emerge from research situated in practice and enhance the HRD theorist–HRD practitioner partnership in the process of theory building.
Sound Quality Evaluation of Noise of Hub Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles

The existing evaluation methods and indexes of noise of electric motors cannot comprehensively reflect all the physical characteristics of noise of hub permanent-magnet synchronous motors (HPMSM) and human subjective sensations. In this paper, a method of the sound quality (SQ) evaluation of HPMSM for electric vehicles is proposed. The method is divided into three steps. In the first step, a noise objective evaluation of HPMSM with seven acoustical objective indexes, including loudness, roughness, A-weighted sound pressure level (A-W SPL), tonality, sharpness, articulation index (AI), and fluctuation strength, is made. In the second step, a noise subjective evaluation of HPMSM by using the grade evaluation method is made. The subjective annoyances (SA) of noise samples of HPMSM are obtained. In the last step, the SQ evaluation model of HPMSM by using the BP neural network theory is established. The average error rate of the proposed model is only 3.97%. By means of weight analysis, a comparison between the relative importance of acoustical objective parameters is found out. The main original contribution of this paper is that the proposed method can comprehensively reflect all the physical sound characteristics of HPMSM as well as their influence on human subjective sensations.
Influence of renal involvement on peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression behaviour of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with a high cardiovascular risk, which is even increased if renal damage is superimposed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are key factors linking type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. We investigated the influence of renal damage on serum, urinary and PBMCs expression behavior of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in these patients. METHODS PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Paque method) from fasting blood samples of 22 non-diabetic control subjects and 78 diabetic patients with normal renal function and different stages of diabetic nephropathy (18 with normoalbuminuria, 29 with microalbuminuria and 31 with macroalbuminuria). Expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Serum and urinary TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations were measured by a solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay. RESULTS The mean percent increases in the serum and urinary levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in diabetic patients with respect to control subjects were 176% (P < 0.0001), 250% (P < 0.0001), 114% (P < 0.0001) and 39.6% (P = 0.01), respectively. The mRNA expression level of TNF-alpha was higher by 68.8% (P < 0.001) and IL-6 mRNA levels were higher by 64.1% (P < 0.001) with respect to non-diabetic controls. TNF-alpha mRNA expression in patients with macroalbuminuria was higher by 84.8% with respect to subjects with normalbuminuria (P < 0.001) and by 29% with respect to individuals with microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). Likewise, microalbuminuric patients showed a 44.5% increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression compared to subjects with normoalbuminuria (P < 0.05). Concerning IL-6, the mRNA expression levels of this cytokine was higher by 63.1% with respect to normoalbuminuric subjects (P < 0.01), and by 23.1% with respect to patients with microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). However, with respect to controls, diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria had similar serum TNF-alpha and urinary excretion of IL-6, without any differences in the mRNA expression levels of these cytokines in PBMCs. Partial correlation and multiple regression analysis using TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA levels as the dependent variables showed that urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was direct and independently associated with the expression profile of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time the relationship between inflammatory activation of PBMCs (reflected by enhanced mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6) and renal involvement (reflected by increased UAE) in type 2 diabetic patients. These results provide potential insights for the increased inflammation, accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk associated with nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.