Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of similarity of life goals, values, and personality on relationship satisfaction and stability: Findings from a two‐wave panel study

Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam; n = 3,674 heterosexual couples), this study examines the impact of partners’ individual levels and dyadic similarity concerning life goals, values, and personality traits on relationship satisfaction and union dissolution. Controlling for partners’ individual characteristics and for relationship duration, it was found that similarity on specific dimensions and stereotype-adjusted profile correlations exerted significant yet small positive effects on both partners’ relationship satisfaction. These effects largely translated into beneficial indirect effects on union dissolution 1 year later (Wave 2, n = 2,820). Moderator analyses indicated the existence of some effect heterogeneity across relationship duration and types. Generally, partners’ respective individual characteristics appeared to predict relationship outcomes better than dyadic similarity measures.
The multidimensionality of test anxiety: A test of different models

Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the multidimensional structure of test anxiety. Starting with the traditional two-factor model, it was of interest whether additional dimensions could still be represented by a single higher-order factor of test anxiety or whether the additional dimensions represented correlates of test anxiety. The Revised Test Anxiety (RTA) scale and the German Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI-G) were combined collecting data from a binational sample of 218 American and 218 German university students. Considering the statistical and theoretical aspects of model fit, they indicated that a model consisting of three primary factors (worry, emotionality, and lack of confidence) fit the data best. While distraction and self-efficacy may be regarded as correlates of test anxiety, lack of confidence was substantiated as a component of test anxiety. Implications for the conceptualization of the content domain and hence area of test anxiety were discussed.
How to realise corporate value from enterprise architecture

The design and ongoing management of an Enterprise Architecture is widely accepted as an established way of managing an organisation’s complexities in relating business and Information Technology capabilities. While the focus of related research is predominantly on frameworks, tools and methodologies, only limited attention has been given to understand and improve the value realisation process of Enterprise Architecture. We adopted the DeLone and McLean model of IS success for the design of a value realisation model specific to Enterprise Architectures. Thereby we identified service quality and actual use as two major catalysts fostering an Enterprise Architecture’s overall success. The amendments made were based on findings from two major case studies involving an Australian utility company and a Swiss insurance company.
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBABr)-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their Physical Properties

Density, viscosity and ionic conductivity data sets of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) formed by tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) paired with ethlyene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and glycerol hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) are reported. The properties of DES were measured at temperatures between 303 K and 333 K for HBD percentages of 66.7% to 90%. The effects of HBDs under different temperature and percentages are systematically analyzed. As expected, the measured density and viscosity of the studied DESs decreased with an increase in temperature, while ionic conductivity increases with temperature. In general, DESs made of TBABr and glycerol showed the highest density and viscosity and the lowest ionic conductivity when compared to other DESs. The presence of an extra hydroxyl group on glycerol in a DES affected the properties of the DES.
Lung cancer in Malaysia.

Between 1967 and 1976, 388 cases of lung cancer were seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, with histological confirmation in 72%. Most were aged from 50--80, with a male to female ratio of 2.8 : 1. The patients were predominantly of Chinese origin (82%) and from the lower socioeconomic strata. A history of smoking was elicited in 78%. The chief clinical and radiological features and the diagnostic methods are presented. The incidence of the histological types was squamous carcinoma 34%, adenocarcinoma 25%, large cell carcinoma 12%, small (oat) cell carcinoma 12%, "unidifferentiated/anaplastic" 15%, and others 2%. Malays appeared to have a higher percentage of adenocarcinoma. A comparison between the histologically confirmed group and the rest showed no significant difference in features. Problems pertaining to the management of Malaysian patients are discussed.
An effective method for detecting duplicate crash reports using crash traces and hidden Markov models

When a software system crashes, crash information from user's machine is sent to the developers of the system for repair. For software systems with a large client base (such as Eclipse, Web browsers, etc.), the number of reports that are submitted every day can be quite high. Managing these reports is known to be a tedious and a time consuming task. Fortunately, not all crashes are caused by new faults. Studies have shown that around 30% of the reported crashes are duplicates of previously reported ones. Automatic detection of duplicate crash reports can then reduce the time and effort dealing with crash reports. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for detecting duplicate crash reports using crash traces and Hidden Markov Models. We show that our approach outperforms existing methods in detecting duplicate crash reports.
Experimental implementation of dynamic access ordering

As microprocessor speeds increase, memory bandwidth is rapidly becoming the performance bottleneck in the execution of vector-like algorithms. Although caching provides adequate performance for many problems, caching alone is an insufficient solution for vector applications with poor temporal and spatial locality. Moreover, the nature of memories themselves has changed. Current DRAM components should not be treated as uniform access-time RAM: achieving greater bandwidth requires exploiting the characteristics of components at every level of the memory hierarchy. The authors describe hardware-assisted access ordering and a hardware development effort to build a Stream Memory Controller (SMC) that implements the technique for a commercially available high-performance microprocessor, the Intel i860. The strategy augments caching by combining compile-time detection of memory access patterns with a memory subsystem that decouples the order of requests generated by the processor from that issued to the memory system. This decoupling permits requests to be issued in an order that optimizes use of the memory system. <<ETX>>
Has democracy led to the demise of racism in South Africa? A search for the answer in Gauteng schools

Abstract The paper interrogates the misplaced belief that at the time of the framing of the South African Constitution a transition to popular democratic representation would miraculously end racism within the country. Would the first post-apartheid generation be free of the prejudices of the previous generations, or would the legacy of the old disposition be too pervasive to shake off? The author argues that the latter part of the question is more applicable since the effects of apartheid, colonialism, and imperialism are deeply entrenched in most people. He validates this argument by researching whether racism still exists in schools 20 years into democratic rule. The research, qualitative in nature, was based on interviews and questionnaires with school principals and educators in four formerly white schools. The findings indicate that racism persists, leading inductively to identifiable causes, warning signals and strategies to combat it.
Spacing Between Births in Odisha, India

Birth spacing is of considerable importance to study the tempo and quantum of fertility. Using data from the National Family Health Survey III, this study explored the birth interval dynamics in Odisha, an eastern state of India. The life table analysis of spacing between births clearly suggests that birth spacing in the recent past has increased and the proportion of women moving to the second, third, and fourth parity has declined, leading to the decline in fertility in Odisha. From the proportional hazards model, educational level of women, age of women at previous birth, sex and survival status of the previous child, and the period effect are found to be important determinants of birth spacing at higher parities. Socioeconomic differences do not show a large effect at lower order births. This highlights the fact that most women in Odisha, regardless of their background characteristics, tend to have second births.
EVALUATION OF PAIN IN ATHLETES – SELECTED METHODS

It is generally believed that athletes experience pain in a different way than normally active individuals. Many scientists have confirmed the hypothesis that long-term physical activity can alter the perception of pain, i.e. athletes have a higher pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The measurement of pain intensity is carried out using subjective methods based on verbal and non-verbal information, describing the clinical characteristics of pain. These psychological methods include the use of scales and questionnaires. Objective methods (thermal, mechanical and electrical) are used only to determine the pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The specificity and prevalence of chronic pain syndromes have resulted in the increased number of studies on healthy and physically active individuals. It seems that determination of the effects of exercise on the perception of pain might help in the understanding of mechanisms of pain generation.
Failure of the synthetic androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R1881) to duplicate the activational effect of testosterone on mating in castrated male rats.

Administration of the synthetic steroid, 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R1881), which is an androgen receptor agonist not metabolized in vivo, at doses of 400, 800 or 2400 micrograms/kg s.c. in propylene glycol stimulated mounting and ejaculation only slightly in sexually experienced castrated rats. A similar low level of mating was observed in a group of castrated rats given testosterone at doses of 400 followed by 800 micrograms/kg. However, when treated with a higher dose of testosterone (2400 micrograms/kg) these castrated rats displayed significantly higher levels of mounting and ejaculation than rats treated with any of the doses of R1881. Also, when this higher dosage of testosterone was substituted for each dose of R1881, significant increments in mounting and ejaculation occurred in all groups. These findings show that R1881 is only marginally effective in restoring sexual behaviour in castrated rats, suggesting that the activation of neural androgen receptors cannot by itself account for the activational effect of testosterone on mating behaviour in gonadally intact male rats.
From tourist to person: the value of intimacy in touristic Cuba

Building on tourism scholarship on existential authenticity, touristic intimacy, and the limitations of the tourist role, the article provides an empirically grounded analysis of how the value of intimacy was expressed and negotiated in the course of encounters between foreign tourists and members of the visited population in Cuba. Tourism-related identifications in this Caribbean country are shaped by local notions of tourism hustling and pose a challenge to the development of mutually gratifying relationships between tourists and Cubans. The exploration of Cubans' concerns and informal ways of approaching tourists, and of the ways in which friendships, partying, and sexual engagements between them were enacted, highlights the efforts of the protagonists of these encounters to achieve relationships that could help them move beyond negative identifications and lead to the recognition of their individuality and shared humanity as persons. Intimacy appears as a fundamental regime of value informing these processes. The reflections that the article develops on the concrete manifestations of intimacy in touristic encounters and the kind of alliances it prompted open the way for further research on the role played by international tourism in the diffusion and actualization of this regime of value.
Factor Pattern of Auckland Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire: A Study of Turkish Sample

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Auckland Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire in Turkish cultural context. The sample was comprised of 2720 participants, of whom 1314 were women and 1406 men. The questionnaire was developed by Shulruf, Hattie and Dixon (2007), and consisted of 28 items which were rated on a five point Likert scale. It was used as a measurement tool for assessing individualistic and collectivistic attitudes of the participants. The data that were analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation yielded six factors as in the original instrument. Consequently, all dimensions showed consistency with the original scale and these findings revealed the validation of the scale for the Turkish sample. This implication has also supported the efforts of testing a new individualism-collectivism measurement tool for extensive variety of populations.
Assessing levels of student understanding in pre-service teachers using a two-cycle SOLO model

This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study concerning the development of higher-order conceptual understanding of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) among physical education pre-service teachers. The development of such understandings has been seen as problematic among pre-service teachers (Randall, 2003). An analysis of the responses given in a high- stakes examination of 165 pre-service physical education teachers was used to investigate varying levels of understanding in TGfU pedagogy. This paper reports specific examples of student responses in a written high-stakes examination and justifies how a two-cycle structure of the observed learning outcome (SOLO) model can discriminate between the demonstrations of surface and deep conceptual understandings.
Object Detection Based on Two Level Fast Matching

Shape template matching is an important approach in object detection and recognition. In this paper, we propose a fast and novel object detection method, which represents edge map contours with salient points and retrieves the target object by using a backtracking method with two stages from coarse matching to fine matching. Our method has two main contributions. One is we propose the way to represent contour structure with salient points. The other is that the object detection method proposed can directly operate on the real images, which improves its practicability. According to the experimental results, the proposed approach improves the speed than previous works.
The Effects of the U.S. Public Welfare System Upon Elderly Korean Immigrants' Independent Living Arrangements

ABSTRACT Elderly Korean persons who immigrated to the United States often live in a situation coined ‘multiple jeopardy’ (being old, poor, and minority; having low educational attainment, language problems, and cultural differences). Contrary to the assumption that Asian elders often live with their adult children, these elderly tend to live separately, thus ignoring their traditional custom of intergenerational co-residence. Consequently, the lives of these elderly are dramatically different from their peers in Korea where the tradition of filial piety is still prevalent. This divergence of customs for elderly Korean Americans living in the United States has given rise to our research. Based on a review of the findings of three studies about elderly Korean immigrants, we discuss major factors influencing their decisions to live separately from their adult children. The results of this review show that public welfare programs are a major factor associated with their preference for more independent lifestyles.
Complexity Theory for Lie-Group Solvers

Commencing with a brief survey of Lie-group theory and differential equations evolving on Lie groups, we describe a number of numerical algorithms designed to respect Lie-group structure: Runge? Kutta? Munthe-Kaas schemes, Fer and Magnus expansions. This is followed by derivation of the computational cost of Fer and Magnus expansions, whose conclusion is that for order four, six, and eight an appropriately discretized Magnus method is always cheaper than a Fer method of the same order. Each Lie-group method of the kind surveyed in this paper requires the computation of a matrix exponential. Classical methods, e.g., Krylov-subspace and rational approximants, may fail to map elements in a Lie algebra to a Lie group. Therefore we survey a number of approximants based on the splitting approach and demonstrate that their cost is compatible (and often superior) to classical methods.
Excessive Image Concern and Willingness to Incur Personal Cost in the Experience and Perception of Vanity

Vanity has been defined traditionally as excessive pride. We propose that vanity is a negatively viewed social behavior fueled by excessive concern over one's public image, characterized by a willingness to incur personal cost because of this concern. In Study 1, autobiographical accounts of personal and witnessed vanity were contrasted with personal accounts of pride and positive self-presentation. Vanity accounts were more characterized by personal cost and negativity than pride and positive self-presentation, and were more related to image concern than the pride. Study 2 used scenario manipulations of the personal cost and reasonableness of a target's cosmetic procedure. Higher cost of and less reasonable motives for the procedure enhanced vanity perceptions in ways distinguishable from hubristic and authentic pride.
A World Wide Web Telerobotic Remote Environment Browser

Robots provide us with a means to move around in, visualize, and interact with a remote physical world. We have exploited these physical properties coupled with the growing diversity of users on the World Wide Web (WWW) [1] to create a WWW-based active telerobotic remote environment browser. This browser, called Mechanical Gaze, allows multiple remote WWW users to actively control up to six degrees of freedom of a robot arm with an attached camera to explore a real remote environment. The initial environment is a collection of physical museum exhibits which WWW users can view at various positions, orientations, and levels of resolution.
Experimental Persistent Infection of BALB/c Mice with Small-Colony Variants of Burkholderia pseudomallei Leads to Concurrent Upregulation of PD-1 on T Cells and Skewed Th1 and Th17 Responses

Background Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), the causative agent of melioidosis, is a deadly pathogen endemic across parts of tropical South East Asia and Northern Australia. B. pseudomallei can remain latent within the intracellular compartment of the host cell over prolonged periods of time, and cause persistent disease leading to treatment difficulties. Understanding the immunological mechanisms behind persistent infection can result in improved treatment strategies in clinical melioidosis. Methods Ten-day LD50 was determined for the small-colony variant (SCV) and its parental wild-type (WT) via intranasal route in experimental BALB/c mice. Persistent B. pseudomallei infection was generated by administrating sub-lethal dose of the two strains based on previously determined LD50. After two months, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were obtained to investigate host immune responses against persistent B. pseudomallei infection. Lungs, livers, and spleens were harvested and bacterial loads in these organs were determined. Results Based on the ten-day LD50, the SCV was ~20-fold less virulent than the WT. The SCV caused higher bacterial loads in spleens compared to its WT counterparts with persistent B. pseudomallei infection. We found that the CD4+ T-cell frequencies were decreased, and the expressions of PD-1, but not CTLA-4 were significantly increased on the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of these mice. Notably, persistent infection with the SCV led to significantly higher levels of PD-1 than the WT B. pseudomallei. Plasma IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A levels were elevated only in SCV-infected mice. In addition, skewed plasma Th1 and Th17 responses were observed in SCV-infected mice relative to WT-infected and uninfected mice. Conclusion B. pseudomallei appears to upregulate the expression of PD-1 on T cells to evade host immune responses, which likely facilitates bacterial persistence in the host. SCVs cause distinct pathology and immune responses in the host as compared to WT B. pseudomallei.
Tree-Structured Nuclear Norm Approximation With Applications to Robust Face Recognition

Structured sparsity, as an extension of standard sparsity, has shown the outstanding performance when dealing with some highly correlated variables in computer vision and pattern recognition. However, the traditional mixed (L1, L2) or (L1, L∞) group norm becomes weak in characterizing the internal structure of each group, since they cannot alleviate the correlations between variables. Recently, nuclear norm has been validated to be useful for depicting a spatially structured matrix variable. It considers the global structure of the matrix variable but overlooks the local structure. To combine the advantages of structured sparsity and nuclear norm, this paper presents a tree-structured nuclear norm approximation (TSNA) model assuming that the representation residual with tree-structured prior is a random matrix variable and follows a dependent matrix distribution. The extended alternating direction method of multipliers is utilized to solve the proposed model. An efficient bound condition based on the extended restricted isometry constants is provided to show the exact recovery of the proposed model under the given noisy case. In addition, TSNA is connected with some newest methods, such as sparse representation-based classifier, nuclear-L1 norm joint regression, and nuclear norm-based matrix regression, which can be regarded as the special cases of TSNA. Experiments with face reconstruction and recognition demonstrate the benefits of TSNA over other approaches.
Preoperative assessment of the cerebral hemispheric dominance for language with CBF PET

This study evaluated whether cerebral blood flow positron emission tomography (CBF PET) could provide assessments of language dominance comparable to the invasive reference method, the Wada test (selective intracarotid injection of amytal with cognitive testing subsequent to the anesthesia of each hemisphere). In 9 of 11 patients with partial complex epilepsy who were operative candidates, the Wada test lateralized unequivocally; in two subjects Wasa results were indeterminate (no speech arrest following injection of either carotid). Of four brain regions selected a priori for PET analysis based on techniques developed from studies of normal volunteers, anterior frontal cortex (AFC) was most consistently detectable and lateralized. AFC laterality agreed with Wada laterality in eight of the nine subjects lateralized by Wada. In both subjects having an indeterminate Wada, PET demonstrated clear laterality. In one subject both PET and Wada lateralized, but in disagreement; anterior temporal lobectomy in the hemisphere indicated by PET as language‐dominant caused long‐lasting language impairment. We conclude that CBF PET: (1) provides an effective, noninvasive adjunct to the Wada test; and (2) permits assessment of language dominance in normal research volunteers. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.