Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of the APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis

Past American Psychological Association Division 30 committees have attempted to define hypnosis (i.e. Green, Barabasz, Barrett, & Montgomery, 2005; Kirsch, 1994a, 1994b). The painstaking efforts these committees have invested to offer definitions of hypnosis are admirable. But in many respects, the definitions appeared to run the gauntlet from a primarily socio-cognitive perspective (Kirsch, 1994a) to an attempt to be convoluted in over inclusiveness (Green et al., 2005). It seems from the onset that the task of developing a definition(s) has been to provide clarity to terms that are essential to advancing research and clinical practice (Elkins, Barabasz, Council, & Spiegel, 2015) and doing so in a way that is neither to narrow nor too broad (Nash, 2005). In contrast to previous definitions (Green et al., 2005; Kirsch, 1994a, 1994b), which appeared rife with terminological disarray and colored with theoretical slants, the present definitions put forth by the 2014 Hypnosis Definition Committee (HDC) move away from this. In so doing, it seems there has been a shift moving us closer to reflecting current core knowledge in the field. Specifically, those related to advancing research. As Elkins and colleagues (2015) noted, definition and measurement are interrelated in scientific research, and both are essential to furthering empirical study of hypnosis. Thus, the question remains: to what extent does the HDC move researchers and clinicians closer to the essentials needed for empirical study? The HDC’s definition of hypnosis includes “state of consciousness,” which, despite what is now decades of research, continues to foster debate by some academics. Understandably, when researchers and clinicians are faced with options, not all will select the same one. However, when members of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (SCEH) were placed in the driver’s seat and surveyed, a strong preference for hypnosis as primarily an identifiable state (Christensen, 2005) was endorsed. This endorsement was further supported on by a replication of the survey at the International level (Munson, Trenkle, & Gallawa, in press).
Long-term MACCE Rate after Retrograde Compared to Antegrade Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions

Background: The recanalization success rate of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) can be increased by the retrograde approach. However, the long-term outcome of patients undergoing retrograde procedures is unknown. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the long-term MACCE (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event) rate (death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery and stroke) in patients after retrograde versus antegrade CTO-PCI. Methods and results: In a prospective single center study from January 2008 to June 2012, 396 consecutive patients with CTO´s (≥ 3 months old) were enrolled. Mean age was 63.4 ± 10.3 years, 86.4% were male. The recanalization success rate of the total patient cohort was 88.6%. The retrograde PCI, only attempted after a failed antegrade intervention, was performed in 18% (n = 71) of patients. Long-term MACCE rate (mean follow up 2.3 ± 1.6 years) was significantly higher in the unsuccessful compared to the successful CTO-PCI group (23.1% versus 9.4%, p = 0.01) and this was also the case in the subgroup of antegrade CTO-PCI. In the retrograde subgroup, however, procedural success had no impact on outcome. As a possible explanation for this surprising finding, patients with unsuccessful retrograde CTO-PCI had a significantly better collateral connection compared to patients with an unsuccessful antegrade approach. Conclusions: Long-term MACCE rate after unsuccessful recanalization was significantly higher which was driven by a higher MACCE rate after unsuccessful versus successful antegrade approach. In contrast, procedural success in the retrograde group had no impact on outcome.
Thermoelectric properties of ZnO doped with the group 13 elements

Investigations on thermoelectric properties of ZnO doped with the group 13 elements revealed that addition of M/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (M=Al, Ga, In) to ZnO all increased the electrical conductivity significantly, whereas the absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient moderately decreased. The increase in the electrical conductivity was smaller for doping with the heavier element, being in good agreement with a decrease in the carrier mobility. However, the thermal conductivity was also suppressed by Ga and In doping, particularly in the lower temperature region. Even with the smaller power factor values, the figure of merit of (Zn/sub 0.98/M/sub 0.02/)O (M=Ga or In) was equal to that of the Al-doped sample up to ca. 600/spl deg/C, owing to the suppression of the thermal conductivity.
System-wide Surveillance for Clinical Encounters by Patients Previously Identified with MRSA and VRE

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) have emerged as major infection control problems worldwide. Patients previously infected or colonized with MRSA or VRE need to be identified and often isolated as soon as they visit a health care facility. Infection control personnel usually are not aware when these patients enter their facilities. We developed a system-wide surveillance system to alert infection control personnel when patients with previous MRSA or VRE cultures from LDS Hospital have subsequent clinical encounters at any inpatient or outpatient facility at Intermountain Health Care (IHC). This paper describes this system and includes the results from an initial study on the potential epidemiological benefits provided to help improve patient care. The study found that patients with previous MRSA and VRE had subsequent encounters at 62 different IHC facilities up to 304 miles away from 1 day to over 5 years later. In addition, the new surveillance system was able to alert infection control personnel when ever these patients visited any IHC inpatient or outpatient facility.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid-Chitosan Dual Loaded Nanoparticles for Antiretroviral Nanoformulations

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) chitosan (CS) coated nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded with two antiretrovirals (ARVs) either lamivudine (LMV) which is hydrophilic or nevirapine (NVP) which is hydrophobic or both LMV and NVP. These ARVs are of importance in resource-limited settings, where they are commonly used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) treatment due to affordability and accessibility. NPs prepared by a water-oil-water emulsion and reduced pressure solvent evaporation technique were determined to have a positive zeta potential, a capsule-like morphology, and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 240 nm. Entrapment of NVP as a single ARV had a notable increase in NP size compared to LMV alone or in combination with LMV. NPs stored at room temperature in distilled water maintained size, polydispersity (PDI), and zeta potential for one year. No changes in size, PDI, and zeta potential were observed for NPs in 10% sucrose in lyophilized or nonlyophilized states stored at 4°C and −20°C, respectively. Freezing NPs in the absence of sucrose increased NP size. Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and kinetic release profiles were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our novel nanoformulations have the potential to improve patient outcomes and expand drug access in resource-limited countries for the treatment of HIV-1.
THE EFFECT OF SURFACE‐ACTIVE AGENTS ON ANTIBIOTICS: AN INFORMAL REPORT

The observation that traces of green soap, remaining in laboratory glassware after washing, might account for irregularities in titrations with polymyxin D led to an investigation of the effects of surface-active agents on antibiotics in general. The method was to make serial twofold dilutions of the antibiotic in heart infusion broth (pH 7.2) containing the surface-active agent. The tubes were inoculated with a strain of E. coli, about 200,000 organisms, and growth, as shown by visible turbidity, was read after 18-20 hours a t 37 C. The results, expressed as the ratio between minimal inhibitory concentration of drug in the presence of the agent and minimal inhibitory concentration in plain broth, are shown in TABLE 1. From this presentation of the data, one receives the impression that the antibiotics derived from sporebearing bacilli-the polymyxins and circulin-are particularly sensitive to surface-active agents. Soap and Aso-lectin were antagonistic, raising the titration end points of the polymyxins and circulin over 1000 times. Lipositol, tested only against polymyxin D, also was antagonistic, but to a lower degree. Tween 80 had the reverse effect, causing a fourfold increase in activity. End points of aureomycin, chloromycetin, and streptomycin were much less affected. Soap, in fact, was almost inert against the last two antibiotics. Penicillin end points were not altered by soap, Aso-lectin, or Tween 80 in the concentrations tested. The possibility that the alkalinity of broth solutions of soap and Asolectin might be responsible for their antagonistic action was not tenable, because such solutions had a much greater effect than broth adjusted to a higher pH with NaOH. Polymyxin D, as well as polymyxin B, circulin, and aureomycin, deteriorates in an alkaline environment. The fact that its end point on this occasion was the same at pH 8.6 as a t pH 7.2 presumably reflects the rapidity with which it kills E. coli. The organisms were dead before deterioration could occur. On the other hand, the increased activity of streptomycin and chloromycetin in an alkaline medium might explain their lack of response to soap. “Letheen” broth, which has been recommended for the neutralization of cationic antiseptics, failed to antagonize any of the antibiotics in the present series. Apparently, its content of Tween 80-5000 pg. /ml. -was sufficient to offset the antagonistic action of the 700 pg. /ml. of Aso-lectin present in this medium. An inverse relationship was noted between the efficacy of the antibiotics in inhibiting strains of Proleus and their sensitivity to soap and Aso-lectin. Moreover, a filtrate of a broth culture of a strain of Proteus decreased the
Ophthalmologic Findings of Boucher-Neuhäuser Syndrome

To report a case of Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome, which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the triad of spinocerebellar ataxia, chorioretinal dystrophy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. An 18-year-old man was seen for visual problems, which had been diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa at the age of 12 years. His puberty was delayed. At 16 years of age, the patient experienced progressive deterioration of his balance and gait disturbance. Then he was referred to our clinic because Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome was suspected. He had no specific family history; his visual acuity was 0.04 in both eyes. We observed broad retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and degeneration in both fundi. Both fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography showed choriocapillaris atrophy in the posterior pole area and midperiphery. Macular optical coherence tomography showed thinning of the neurosensory retina. An electroretinographic examination showed no photopic or scotopic responses. The Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with retinitis pigment epithelium atrophy and degeneration.
Glioblastoma: A Pathogenic Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Pericytes

Cancers likely originate in progenitor zones containing stem cells and perivascular stromal cells. Much evidence suggests stromal cells play a central role in tumor initiation and progression. Brain perivascular cells (pericytes) are contractile and function normally to regulate vessel tone and morphology, have stem cell properties, are interconvertible with macrophages and are involved in new vessel formation during angiogenesis. Nevertheless, how pericytes contribute to brain tumor infiltration is not known. In this study we have investigated the underlying mechanism by which the most lethal brain cancer, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) interacts with pre-existing blood vessels (co-option) to promote tumor initiation and progression. Here, using mouse xenografts and laminin-coated silicone substrates, we show that GBM malignancy proceeds via specific and previously unknown interactions of tumor cells with brain pericytes. Two-photon and confocal live imaging revealed that GBM cells employ novel, Cdc42-dependent and actin-based cytoplasmic extensions, that we call flectopodia, to modify the normal contractile activity of pericytes. This results in the co-option of modified pre-existing blood vessels that support the expansion of the tumor margin. Furthermore, our data provide evidence for GBM cell/pericyte fusion-hybrids, some of which are located on abnormally constricted vessels ahead of the tumor and linked to tumor-promoting hypoxia. Remarkably, inhibiting Cdc42 function impairs vessel co-option and converts pericytes to a phagocytic/macrophage-like phenotype, thus favoring an innate immune response against the tumor. Our work, therefore, identifies for the first time a key GBM contact-dependent interaction that switches pericyte function from tumor-suppressor to tumor-promoter, indicating that GBM may harbor the seeds of its own destruction. These data support the development of therapeutic strategies directed against co-option (preventing incorporation and modification of pre-existing blood vessels), possibly in combination with anti-angiogenesis (blocking new vessel formation), which could lead to improved vascular targeting not only in Glioblastoma but also for other cancers.
Potential of nanocomposite technique for fabrication of smart ceramics

The potential of a ceramic-nanocomposite technique employing a simple bimodal particle size packing and a pressure-less sintering process as a low-cost and simple ceramic processing to obtain 0.65PMN-0.35PT ceramics was demonstrated. It has been found that the phase formation, microstructures and dielectric properties of ceramic-nanocomposites are totally different from those of typical solid solutions.
High-Speed E-Mode InAs QW MOSFETs With $\hbox{Al}_{2} \hbox{O}_{3}$ Insulator for Future RF Applications

We demonstrate <i>Lg</i> = 100 nm high-speed enhancement-mode (E-mode) InAs quantum-well MOSFETs with outstanding high-frequency and logic performance. These devices feature a 3-nm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer grown by atomic layer deposition. The MOSFETs with <i>Lg</i> = 100 nm exhibit <i>VT</i>= 0.2 V (E-mode), <i>R</i><sub>ON</sub> = 370 Ω·μm, <i>S</i> = 105 mV/dec, DIBL = 100 mV/V, and <i>gm</i>_max = 1720 μS/μm at <i>V</i><sub>DS</sub> = 0.5 V. They also have an excellent high-frequency response of <i>fT</i> = 248 GHz and <i>f</i><sub>max</sub> = 302 GHz at <i>V</i><sub>DS</sub> = 0.5 V , the highest <i>fT</i> and <i>f</i><sub>max</sub> in III-V MOSFETs ever reported.
Multi-class SVMs: From Tighter Data-Dependent Generalization Bounds to Novel Algorithms

This paper studies the generalization performance of multi-class classification algorithms, for which we obtain—for the first time—a data-dependent generalization error bound with a logarithmic dependence on the class size, substantially improving the state-of-the-art linear dependence in the existing data-dependent generalization analysis. The theoretical analysis motivates us to introduce a new multi-class classification machine based on lp-norm regularization, where the parameter p controls the complexity of the corresponding bounds. We derive an efficient optimization algorithm based on Fenchel duality theory. Benchmarks on several real-world datasets show that the proposed algorithm can achieve significant accuracy gains over the state of the art.
Dynamic load balancing for I/O-intensive applications on clusters

Load balancing for clusters has been investigated extensively, mainly focusing on the effective usage of global CPU and memory resources. However, previous CPU- or memory-centric load balancing schemes suffer significant performance drop under I/O-intensive workloads due to the imbalance of I/O load. To solve this problem, we propose two simple yet effective I/O-aware load-balancing schemes for two types of clusters: (1) homogeneous clusters where nodes are identical and (2) heterogeneous clusters, which are comprised of a variety of nodes with different performance characteristics in computing power, memory capacity, and disk speed. In addition to assigning I/O-intensive sequential and parallel jobs to nodes with light I/O loads, the proposed schemes judiciously take into account both CPU and memory load sharing in the system. Therefore, our schemes are able to maintain high performance for a wide spectrum of workloads. We develop analytic models to study mean slowdowns, task arrival, and transfer processes in system levels. Using a set of real I/O-intensive parallel applications and synthetic parallel jobs with various I/O characteristics, we show that our proposed schemes consistently improve the performance over existing non-I/O-aware load-balancing schemes, including CPU- and Memory-aware schemes and a PBS-like batch scheduler for parallel and sequential jobs, for a diverse set of workload conditions. Importantly, this performance improvement becomes much more pronounced when the applications are I/O-intensive. For example, the proposed approaches deliver 23.6--88.0 % performance improvements for I/O-intensive applications such as LU decomposition, Sparse Cholesky, Titan, Parallel text searching, and Data Mining. When I/O load is low or well balanced, the proposed schemes are capable of maintaining the same level of performance as the existing non-I/O-aware schemes.
Carboplatin‐associated thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia has been associated with several chemotherapeutic agents. The authors describe a patient who developed this syndrome while receiving carboplatin, an analog of cisplatin. The clinical course was marked by encephalopathy and multifocal neurologic deficits. Progressive brainstem dysfunction culminated in coma and respiratory arrest. Pathologic examination revealed widespread microvascular thrombosis, particularly severe in the heart, kidney, and brain. Although the pathogenesis of chemotherapy‐related thrombotic microangiopathy remains unclear, an elevated von Willebrand factor antigen and pathologic evidence of endothelial hyperplasia in this patient suggest that an abnormality of the endothelium is related to the development of the clinical syndrome.
Calcium Fluoride/Hydroxyfluorapatite Nanocrystals as Novel Biphasic Solid Solution for Tooth Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Dentistry

In this research, a novel biphasic solid solution consisted of Calcium fluoride (CF) and fluorinated-hydroxyapatite (FHAp) was successfully synthesized through a modified precipitation method using buffer solution. The obtained results confirmed the formation of biphasic nanocrystalline powder composed of about 46% CF and 54% (w/w%) FHAp. This product can be considered as an osteoconductive dental filler or implant with the ability of dental carries prevention due to release of fluorine ions. Herein, the usage of buffer solution for this purpose not only can produces biphasic powder but also provides the possibility of establishment of a continuous synthesis method without manual interfere for adjusting pH of the reactor.
Enhanced Ultrafiltration in Rabbits with Bicarbonate Glycylglycine Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate net ultrafiltration (NUF) with a new bicarbonate glycylglycine (BiGG) peritoneal dialysis solution compared to the standard lactate (La) solution. Design In six groups of 12 normal rabbits each we measured NUF after a 2-,4-, and 6–hour peritoneal dialysis with a BiGG solution (pH 7.35) and a standard La solution (pH 5.5) of similar glucose, electrolyte, and osmolality formulation. Furthermore, we studied the phosphatidylcholine concentration in the effluent of the two solutions. Results NUF volume was significantly greater with the BiGG rather than with the La solution by approximately 15% (p<0.05), 30% (p<0.01), and 40% (p<0.005) at 2,4, and 6 hours, respectively. The glucose absorption rate was greater with the La solution than with the BiGG solution, but the difference was significant only at 2 hours (p<0.05). pH was increased in the La solution from its initial value of 5.5 to 7.18,7.32, and 7.40 at 2,4 and 6 hours, respectively, while it remained almost unchanged in the BiGG solution. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the peritoneal effluent was significantly higher in the BiGG solution in all instances (p<0.0001). Conclusion It is concluded that the BiGG solution, which has a stable pH, 7.35, due to the potent buffering capacity of bicarbonate and glycylglycine, enhances peritoneal NUF by maintaining a higher osmotic gradient and retarding lymphatic absorption through an increase in PC concentration in the peritoneal cavity.
Oscillations, Phase-of-Firing Coding, and Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: An Efficient Learning Scheme

Recent experiments have established that information can be encoded in the spike times of neurons relative to the phase of a background oscillation in the local field potential—a phenomenon referred to as “phase-of-firing coding” (PoFC). These firing phase preferences could result from combining an oscillation in the input current with a stimulus-dependent static component that would produce the variations in preferred phase, but it remains unclear whether these phases are an epiphenomenon or really affect neuronal interactions—only then could they have a functional role. Here we show that PoFC has a major impact on downstream learning and decoding with the now well established spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). To be precise, we demonstrate with simulations how a single neuron equipped with STDP robustly detects a pattern of input currents automatically encoded in the phases of a subset of its afferents, and repeating at random intervals. Remarkably, learning is possible even when only a small fraction of the afferents (∼10%) exhibits PoFC. The ability of STDP to detect repeating patterns had been noted before in continuous activity, but it turns out that oscillations greatly facilitate learning. A benchmark with more conventional rate-based codes demonstrates the superiority of oscillations and PoFC for both STDP-based learning and the speed of decoding: the oscillation partially formats the input spike times, so that they mainly depend on the current input currents, and can be efficiently learned by STDP and then recognized in just one oscillation cycle. This suggests a major functional role for oscillatory brain activity that has been widely reported experimentally.
A New Upper Bound on the Block Error Probability After Decoding Over the Erasure Channel

Motivated by cryptographic applications, we derive a new upper bound on the block error probability after decoding over the erasure channel. The bound works for all linear codes and is in terms of the generalized Hamming weights. It turns out to be quite useful for Reed-Muller codes for which all the generalized Hamming weights are known whereas the full weight distribution is only partially known. For these codes, the error probability is related to the cryptographic notion of algebraic immunity. We use our bound to show that the algebraic immunity of a random balanced m-variable Boolean function is of order m/2(1-o(1)) with probability tending to 1 as m goes to infinity