Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A proposal for nomenclature of aldehyde dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterization of the stress‐inducible ALD2 and ALD3 genes

The complete sequencing of the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that this organism contains five genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenases. YOR374w and YER073w correspond to the mitochondrial isoforms and we propose as gene names ALD4 and ALD5, respectively. YPL061w has been described as the cytoplasmic constitutive isoform and named ALD6. We characterize here the tandem‐repeated ORFs YMR170c and YMR169c as the cytoplasmic stress‐inducible isoforms, with gene names ALD2 and ALD3, respectively. The expression of ALD2 and ALD3 is dependent on the general‐stress transcription factors Msn2,4 but independent of the HOG MAP kinase pathway. ALD3 is induced by a variety of stresses, including osmotic shock, heat shock, glucose exhaustion, oxidative stress and drugs. ALD2 is only induced by osmotic stress and glucose exhaustion. A double null mutant, ald2 ald3, exhibited unchanged sensitivity to any of the above stresses. The only phenotype detected in this mutant was a reduced growth rate in ethanol medium as compared to the wild type. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximized Soliton Self-Frequency Shift in Non-Uniform Microwires by the Control of Third-Order Dispersion Perturbation

We present a simple method based on the soliton perturbative theory to design microwires of non-uniform diameter profiles. In contrast to previous methods, the one presented here relies on minimizing the soliton perturbation by third order dispersion (TOD) while taking into account the change of the soliton local duration along the microwire. The method leads to a design that maximizes the soliton self-frequency shift in non-uniform microwires. The microwire design comprises a unique dispersion profile such that a wavelength-shifting soliton experiences only weak perturbations from the TOD and avoids shedding its energy into the dispersive waves. The TOD perturbation is quantified with an analytic expression ε that is kept below a threshold value, thus keeping a soliton weakly perturbed by TOD in every position within the microwire. Numerical simulations are conducted to check the validity of the method. We consider a fundamental soliton centered at a wavelength of 2000 nm propagating in As2Se3 microwires of length as short as 10 cm. The results show that optimized non-uniform diameter profile allows the tuning of the self-frequency shifted soliton over a spectral range of 860 nm.
Making the most of others: autonomous interdependence in adult beginner distance language learners

Autonomy in language learning does not simply equate with independence, as language learning is a social activity that requires interaction with others. This also applies just as much to distance language learners, who need to reconcile independent language learning and interdependence with others. This article draws on findings from 43 mid-course interviews with adult beginner distance learners of French, Spanish, and German, and focuses on ways in which they engage with tutors and with other students, and the extent to which these interactions enhance their learning. It shows that many students are prepared to seek clarification from their tutors, but not strategic advice in areas of learning that are likely to be most problematic. It also highlights how feelings about working with other students can enhance or restrict progress toward autonomous interdependence. Finally, it considers ways for facilitating greater learner control in these key aspects of their studies.
Physical activity when young provides lifelong benefits to cortical bone size and strength in men

Significance Bones adapt to mechanical forces in youth to increase their size and strength but are more at risk for breaking later in life. Do the skeletal benefits of physical activity in youth persist with aging? Here we show at an upper extremity site that half of the benefit in bone size and one-third of the benefit in bone strength obtained from physical activity during youth are maintained throughout life, even though the bone mass benefits are lost. When physical activity was continued during aging, some mass and more strength benefits were preserved. These data suggest that physical activity during youth should be encouraged for lifelong bone health, with the focus being optimization of bone size rather than increasing mass. The skeleton shows greatest plasticity to physical activity-related mechanical loads during youth but is more at risk for failure during aging. Do the skeletal benefits of physical activity during youth persist with aging? To address this question, we used a uniquely controlled cross-sectional study design in which we compared the throwing-to-nonthrowing arm differences in humeral diaphysis bone properties in professional baseball players at different stages of their careers (n = 103) with dominant-to-nondominant arm differences in controls (n = 94). Throwing-related physical activity introduced extreme loading to the humeral diaphysis and nearly doubled its strength. Once throwing activities ceased, the cortical bone mass, area, and thickness benefits of physical activity during youth were gradually lost because of greater medullary expansion and cortical trabecularization. However, half of the bone size (total cross-sectional area) and one-third of the bone strength (polar moment of inertia) benefits of throwing-related physical activity during youth were maintained lifelong. In players who continued throwing during aging, some cortical bone mass and more strength benefits of the physical activity during youth were maintained as a result of less medullary expansion and cortical trabecularization. These data indicate that the old adage of “use it or lose it” is not entirely applicable to the skeleton and that physical activity during youth should be encouraged for lifelong bone health, with the focus being optimization of bone size and strength rather than the current paradigm of increasing mass. The data also indicate that physical activity should be encouraged during aging to reduce skeletal structural decay.
Calculating Reach of Evidence-Based Weight Loss and Memory Improvement Interventions Among Older Adults Attending Arkansas Senior Centers, 2008-2011

Introduction Older adults could benefit from public health interventions that address the health conditions they face. However, translation of evidence-based interventions into the community has been slow. We implemented 2 evidence-based interventions delivered by lay health educators in Arkansas senior centers from 2008 to 2011: a behavioral weight loss intervention and a memory improvement intervention. The objective of this study was to measure the ability of these programs to reach and serve the growing population of older Americans. We report on differences in program enrollment by age, sex, race, and ethnicity and suggest how our approach to calculating the reach of the 2 interventions can guide future research and program development. Methods We defined the reach of the 2 interventions as the proportion of people who needed the intervention and responded to initial recruitment efforts but who did not enroll compared with the proportion of people who needed the intervention and actually enrolled in the program. To calculate these proportions, we used Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework formulas. We defined need as the prevalence of obesity (body mass index in kg/m2 ≥30) and the level of concern about memory problems among older adults aged 60 years or older. Our target population was 2,198 people aged 60 years or older who attend 15 senior centers in Arkansas. Results More than half of our target population responded to recruitment efforts for the behavioral weight loss intervention (61.9%) and for the memory improvement intervention (58.1%), yielding an overall response rate of 59.7%. More than one-third (35.6%) of the target population enrolled in the behavioral weight loss intervention, and 22.8% enrolled in the memory improvement intervention, for an overall reach for the 2 programs of 27.9%. Conclusion The reach of 2 evidence-based interventions designed for older adults that targeted specific health conditions and that were delivered in senior centers by community members was high. Our approach to calculating reach in applied settings can guide future research and program development.
Large chromosomal deletions and heritable small genetic changes induced by CRISPR/Cas9 in rice

The Cas9/sgRNA of the CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a robust technology for targeted gene editing in various organisms, including plants, where Cas9/sgRNA-mediated small deletions/insertions at single cleavage sites have been reported in transient and stable transformations, although genetic transmission of edits has been reported only in Arabidopsis and rice. Large chromosomal excision between two remote nuclease-targeted loci has been reported only in a few non-plant species. Here we report in rice Cas9/sgRNA-induced large chromosomal segment deletions, the inheritance of genome edits in multiple generations and construction of a set of facile vectors for high-efficiency, multiplex gene targeting. Four sugar efflux transporter genes were modified in rice at high efficiency; the most efficient system yielding 87–100% editing in T0 transgenic plants, all with di-allelic edits. Furthermore, genetic crosses segregating Cas9/sgRNA transgenes away from edited genes yielded several genome-edited but transgene-free rice plants. We also demonstrated proof-of-efficiency of Cas9/sgRNAs in producing large chromosomal deletions (115–245 kb) involving three different clusters of genes in rice protoplasts and verification of deletions of two clusters in regenerated T0 generation plants. Together, these data demonstrate the power of our Cas9/sgRNA platform for targeted gene/genome editing in rice and other crops, enabling both basic research and agricultural applications.
Predictors of Work Engagement Among Medical-Surgical Registered Nurses

This descriptive, cross-sectional study examines the relationship of job satisfaction, turnover cognitions, job search behavior, and nurse demographics to work engagement among a sample of 167 registered nurses employed on medical and/or surgical units within six hospitals. Professional status, interaction, and thinking of quitting together explain 46%, F(3,160) = 47.546, p < . 001, of the variance in work engagement. Additionally, the job satisfaction components of professional status and interaction are shown to significantly moderate the relationship between thinking of quitting and work engagement (t = 1.96, p < .05). Results suggest improvements in work environment processes that are consistent with professional status and interaction at work, such as integration of a professional nursing practice model and development and positioning of transformational leaders at every level of the organization, are needed.
Longitudinal Investigation of the Associations Between Adolescents’ Popularity and Cyber Social Behaviors

As adolescents become increasingly immersed in electronic technologies, popular adolescents may act in similar ways online as they do offline. This longitudinal study employed peer nominations and self-reports to examine perceived popularity and social preference in relation to cyber social behaviors among 256 adolescents during the fall (T1) and spring (T2). Linear associations were found between T1 popularity types (i.e., perceived popularity, social preference) and T2 cyber prosocial behavior. On the other hand, both linear and curvilinear associations were found between T1 popularity types and T2 cyber aggression. In particular, T2 cyber aggression was elevated at higher levels of T1 perceived popularity and lower levels of T1 social preference. Taken together, these findings suggest that the relations between both popularity types and cyber social behaviors follow similar patterns as face-to-face social behaviors.
Renoprotective Effects of AVE0991, a Nonpeptide Mas Receptor Agonist, in Experimental Acute Renal Injury

Renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is the major cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients. Mechanisms underlying reperfusion-associated injury include recruitment and activation of leukocytes and release of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the renal effects of acute administration of AVE0991, an agonist of Mas, the angiotensin-(1–7) receptor, the angiotensin-(1–7) receptor, in a murine model of renal I/R. Male C57BL/6 wild-type or Mas−/− mice were subjected to 30 min of bilateral ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. Administration of AVE0991 promoted renoprotective effects, as seen by improvement of function, decreased tissue injury, prevention of local and remote leucocyte infiltration, and release of the chemokine, CXCL1. I/R injury was similar in WT and Mas−/− mice, suggesting that endogenous activation of this receptor does not control renal damage under baseline conditions. In conclusion, pharmacological interventions using Mas receptor agonists may represent a therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of renal I/R injury.
Hofstede's Country Classification 25 Years Later

Nearly 3 decades have passed since Hofstede (1980) collected the data used to classify countries by their underlying work-related value structures. The present study, in which recent data from 9 countries in 4 continents was collected, is a reexamination of his country classifications. The results suggest that many shifts have occurred since Hofstede's study in 1980. These shifts are related to some of the major environmental changes that have occurred.
Work-disabling illness as a shock for livelihoods and poverty in Dhaka slums, Bangladesh

Abstract This paper examines the impact of work days off due to illness on the financial status and livelihoods of poor slum dwellers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data on illness and socio-economic status were collected in a panel survey with monthly rounds. We contacted over 12 000 individuals during a 12-month period and 2682 adults had taken work days off due to illness. Where adults had taken time off work due to illness, coping responses included a deficit in their financial situation, reducing expenditure, taking loans or mortgages, selling assets, changing their work and begging. Particular households may be vulnerable to adult ill-health. When ill-health prevents an adult earner from working, the household financial situation deteriorates, and strategies are used to offset the effect. It is likely that adult illness is a major contributor to chronic poverty.
Ethnicity, Education and Income, and Residential Mobility Between Neighbourhoods

Using general linear regression analyses on Housing Research Netherlands (HRN) data, we assess the impact of ethnicity, education and income on the change in socio-economic status and ethnic composition of the neighbourhood of residence for ethnic minorities who have relocated. Among those who moved, members of non-western minority ethnic groups show a smaller increase in both socio-economic status and share of the native majority in the neighbourhood of residence than the members of the ethnic majority. This finding holds after controlling for education and income. Of all groups, members of the stigmatised ethnic minorities showed the weakest relationship between education and income on the one hand, and the change in characteristics of the neighbourhood of residence on the other. Although this suggests place stratification or ethnic community preference, the total effects of income and education are positive for all ethnic groups, implying spatial assimilation.
TOUCHSTONE: A unified approach to protein structure prediction

We have applied the TOUCHSTONE structure prediction algorithm that spans the range from homology modeling to ab initio folding to all protein targets in CASP5. Using our threading algorithm PROSPECTOR that does not utilize input from metaservers, one threads against a representative set of PDB templates. If a template is significantly hit, Generalized Comparative Modeling designed to span the range from closely to distantly related proteins from the template is done. This involves freezing the aligned regions and relaxing the remaining structure to accommodate insertions or deletions with respect to the template. For all targets, consensus predicted side chain contacts from at least weakly threading templates are pooled and incorporated into ab initio folding. Often, TOUCHSTONE performs well in the CM to FR categories, with PROSPECTOR showing significant ability to identify analogous templates. When ab initio folding is done, frequently the best models are closer to the native state than the initial template. Among the particularly good predictions are T0130 in the CM/FR category, T0138 in the FR(H) category, T0135 in the FR(A) category, T0170 in the FR/NF category and T0181 in the NF category. Improvements in the approach are needed in the FR/NF and NF categories. Nevertheless, TOUCHSTONE was one of the best performing algorithms over all categories in CASP5. Proteins 2003;53:469–479. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Lambeth Early Onset (LEO) Team: randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of specialised care for early psychosis

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a service for early psychosis. Design Randomised controlled clinical trial. Setting Community mental health teams in one London borough. Participants 144 people aged 16-40 years presenting to mental health services for the first or second time with non-organic, non-affective psychosis. Interventions Assertive outreach with evidence based biopsychosocial interventions (specialised care group) and standard care (control group) delivered by community mental health teams. Primary outcome measures Rates of relapse and readmission to hospital. Results Compared with patients in the standard care group, those in the specialised care group were less likely to relapse (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.97), were readmitted fewer times (β 0.39, 0.10 to 0.68), and were less likely to drop out of the study (odds ratio 0.35, 0.15 to 0.81). When rates were adjusted for sex, previous psychotic episode, and ethnicity, the difference in relapse was no longer significant (odds ratio 0.55, 0.24 to 1.26); only total number of readmissions (β 0.36, 0.04 to 0.66) and dropout rates (β 0.28, 0.12 to 0.73) remained significant. Conclusions Limited evidence shows that a team delivering specialised care for patients with early psychosis is superior to standard care for maintaining contact with professionals and for reducing readmissions to hospital. No firm conclusions can, however, be drawn owing to the modest sample size.
Is Segregation Bad for Your Health? The Case of Low Birth Weight

This paper explores the relationship between racial segregation and racial disparities in the prevalence of low birth weight. The paper has two parallel motivations. First, the disparities between black and white mothers in birth outcomes are large and persistent. In 1996,13 percent of infants born in the United States to black mothers weighed less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds, or low birth weight), compared with just 6.3 percent of all infants born to white mothers. And the consequences may be grave. Low birth weight is a major cause of infant mortality and is associated with greater childhood illness and such developmental disorders as cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, epilepsy, chronic lung disease, learning disabilities, and attention deficit disorder.1 Given the strong connection between race and residence in this country, it seems plausible that residential location may shape these differentials. Second, while there is a growing literature on the costs of racial segrega tion, it has largely focused on economic outcomes such as education and employment. This paper aims to develop a fuller understanding of the costs of racial segregation by considering birth outcomes as well as such behaviors as tobacco and alcohol use among pregnant mothers. As Glaeser emphasizes (in his paper in this volume), information, ideas, and values are often trans mitted through face-to-face interaction, and thus their transmission may be
Asymmetrical Normal Zone Propagation Analysis Considering Hall Effect for Large Aluminum Stabilized Superconductor

Aluminum stabilized superconductors are used in accelerators, SMES, and fusion devices, such as the LHD helical coils. These superconductors have large cross-sectional area of high purity aluminum to improve their stability. However, one of the important properties of these superconductors is the transient stability, which is caused by a long duration of transport current transfer from the superconducting strands into the aluminum in a normal state region. Once a normal zone is initiated in such superconductors, excess joule heat is generated in a small region of the aluminum stabilizer near the superconducting strands during the transport current diffusion time. It hence deteriorates the transient stability. Therefore, it is important to investigate the characteristics of the transient stability by numerical analysis. The latest experiments of the LHD helical coil conductor showed an asymmetrical propagation of normal zone along the longitudinal direction of the conductor. The Hall effect is clearly one of the causes of this phenomenon. The Hall effect prevents the transport current from transferring between the superconducting strands and the aluminum stabilizer. It causes the asymmetrical transport current distribution, and affects the stability of the superconductor. In order to simulate the normal zone propagation in the superconductor more precisely and to clarify the cause of the asymmetrical propagation, we have developed a 2D finite element analysis code taking account of the Hall effect and investigated the characteristics of the normal zone propagation of large aluminum stabilized superconductors.
Estructura interna y baremación del Test de Pensamiento Creativo de Torrance

Con el presente trabajo se pretende, por una parte, estudiar la estructura interna del TTCT (Torrance Thinking Creative TTCT), y, por otra, establecer los baremos con el fin de poder utilizar el test en el diagnostico y ambientes educativos. En el trabajo han participado 649 alumnos (319 ninas y 330 ninos) cuyas edades oscilan entre 5 y 12 anos de edad, pertenecientes a diferentes colegios de Murcia y Alicante. Los datos apuntan a que el TTCT reune las caracteristicas psicometricas exigibles a este tipo de pruebas y su estructura interna responde a tres factores que explican un elevado porcentaje de varianza (73,8%). Los baremos que se ofrecen, por primera vez, en nuestro contexto educativo seran de gran utilidad para la evaluacion de la creatividad y la deteccion de alumnos con altas habilidades intelectuales.
Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of closely related species that cause tuberculosis in both humans and animals. This illness, still today, remains to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The mycobacteria enter the host by air, and, once in the lungs, are phagocytated by macrophages. This may lead to the rapid elimination of the bacillus or to the triggering of an active tuberculosis infection. A large number of different virulence factors have evolved in MTBC members as a response to the host immune reaction. The aim of this review is to describe the bacterial genes/proteins that are essential for the virulence of MTBC species, and that have been demonstrated in an in vivo model of infection. Knowledge of MTBC virulence factors is essential for the development of new vaccines and drugs to help manage the disease toward an increasingly more tuberculosis-free world.