Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of semantic interference in episodic memory retrieval is associated with an anterior cingulate‐prefrontal activation pattern

Prefrontal activation is a consistent finding in functional neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval. In the present study we aimed at a further analysis of prefrontal neural systems involved in the executive control of context‐specific properties in episodic memory retrieval using an event‐related fMRI design. Nine subjects were asked to learn two 20‐item word lists that consisted of concrete nouns assigned to four semantic categories. Ten items of both word lists referred to the same semantic category. Subjects were instructed to determine whether nouns displayed in random order corresponded to the first 20‐item target list. The interference evoked by the retrieval of semantically related items of the second list resulted in significantly longer reaction times compared to the noninterference condition. Contrasting the interference against the noninterference retrieval condition demonstrated an activation pattern that comprised a right anterior cingulate and frontal opercular area and a left‐lateralized dorsolateral prefrontal region. Trial averaged time series revealed that the PFC areas were selectively activated at the interference condition and did not respond to the familiarity of learned words. These findings suggest a functionally separable role of prefrontal cortical areas mediating processes associated with the executive control of interfering context information in episodic memory retrieval. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:94–103, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Vision and Challenges in Inquiry-Based Curriculum Change in Singapore

A new primary science syllabus with strong inquiry focus has been implemented in Singapore since 2008. In this study, we attempted to understand how teachers experience the emphasis of inquiry-based curriculum under the current educational conditions that is routined and highly teacher fronted. We invited 50 pre-service and 41 in-service teachers to participate in survey questionnaires and narratives, reflective writings, and group discussions related to science inquiry which formed our data corpus. Data analysis in the form of thematic coding was carried out using NVivo8, with over 80% inter-rater coding agreement level. Three key aspects of teachers’ perceptions of science inquiry were revealed: (1) teachers’ responsibilities as facilitators, (2) privileging content knowledge rather than process skills, and (3) pressure of assessment systems in current educational contexts. These understandings bring out conflicts of inquiry teaching between teacher- and student-centredness, content and process, and curriculum and assessment. Based on these teachers’ perceptions and dilemmas of inquiry science teaching, the visions and challenges of inquiry science curriculum change against assessment requirements are discussed.
Predicting Offenders’ Criminogenic Cognitions With Status Variables

Certain thinking styles promote criminal behavior, and these criminogenic cognitions are not engaged in equally by all offenders. It is imperative to know which offenders are engaging in more criminogenic thinking so their problematic thinking can be targeted and altered during correctional treatment programming. In doing so, correctional mental health professionals may help reduce recidivism. In the current investigation, the researchers sought to identify offenders most likely to engage in criminogenic cognitions on the basis of status variables (i.e., demographic, incarceration, and mental health variables) using data from 595 adult male incarcerated offenders. Findings indicate that younger offenders, less educated offenders, Black and Hispanic offenders, single (i.e., not in a relationship) offenders, offenders without a violent index offense, offenders with a psychological disorder, and offenders not participating in mental health services all endorsed higher levels of some types of criminogenic cognitions. These findings have important implications for correctional mental health care practice toward criminal recidivism reduction.
Marital Happiness and Spousal Consensus on Beliefs about Marital Conflict: A Longitudinal Investigation

The relationship between marital happiness and spousal consensus on beliefs about marital conflict was assessed for 133 black and 149 white couples who were randomly selected from among all couples applying for marriage licenses in Wayne County, Ml in the spring of 1986. The relationship between happiness and beliefs about conflict was examined in the first year of marriage (Time 1) and 2 years later (Time 2). Results showed that, first, there was little agreement between spouses on beliefs about conflict at either Time 1 or Time 2. Second, spousal consensus was not highly associated with marital happiness concurrently or longitudinally. However, the content of the beliefs that partners hold about marital conflict was more important to their marital happiness than spousal consensus. For example, those husbands and wives who both believe that conflicts should be avoided at Time 1 reported lower marital happiness in the first year of marriage as well as 2 years later than those spouses who both believe that conflicts should not be avoided. The results were similar for black and white couples. Discussion focuses on the importance of assessing spouses' cognitions about conflict in order to understand the relationship between marital conflict and marital happiness more fully.
Characteristics of the first 1000 clients attending an anxiety clinic in South West Sydney

This paper reports on the clinical and demographic characteristics of the first 1000 consecutive patients attending an anxiety disorders clinic at a district hospital in Sydney, Australia. Data from a large epidemiological study of the Australian population were used as a yardstick for broad comparison. Contrary to past research, a lower prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression was found in the clinic, possibly because a portion of those patients were filtered out and referred elsewhere for treatment for depression. More female patients attended the clinic than the epidemiological study would predict. Greater numbers of patients with panic disorder, and fewer with posttraumatic stress disorder and social phobia were seen in the clinic than would be predicted by the epidemiological data. Although inferences are tentative because of the differing methods of diagnosis used, the findings indicate the value of comparing epidemiological and clinic profiles to identify those categories of anxiety patients that underutilise services.
Réactance psychologique et confiance: le refus de l'engagement et les limites du marketing relationnel

Relationship marketing makes an implicit assumption : customers are committed. This commitment is based on the existing trust between the customer and the service provider. However, customers may reject commitment, because of psychological reactance, without any loss of trust. This article considers potential interactions between trust and psychological reactance. The empirical analysis is developed in the health sector.
Aphasia and communicative speech therapy

Abstract Thus far, aphasiological research has focused primarily on a linguistic framework within which language is regarded in terms of a code consisting of vocabulary and grammar. Aphasia has been seen in terms of a linguistic code breakdown, due to brain damage. The relevance of a linguistic classification of the symptoms, however, has also been challenged. In a recent paper, Miceli et al. (1989) have argued that the category of agrammatism can be questioned. Moreover, Kolk and Heeschen (1990) have suggested that agrammatism need not be seen as a result of an underlying impairment only, but also as a result of an adaptation process and, therefore, as a strategic choice. It has also been pointed out that linguistic tests are not particularly good predictors of either the communicative effectiveness of the patient or the probability of recovery (e.g. Klippi 1990a, Silvast 1991, Blomert 1990).
Discordant Protein and mRNA Expression in Lung Adenocarcinomas *

The relationship between gene expression measured at the mRNA level and the corresponding protein level is not well characterized in human cancer. In this study, we compared mRNA and protein expression for a cohort of genes in the same lung adenocarcinomas. The abundance of 165 protein spots representing 98 individual genes was analyzed in 76 lung adenocarcinomas and nine non-neoplastic lung tissues using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific polypeptides were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. For the same 85 samples, mRNA levels were determined using oligonucleotide microarrays, allowing a comparative analysis of mRNA and protein expression among the 165 protein spots. Twenty-eight of the 165 protein spots (17%) or 21 of 98 genes (21.4%) had a statistically significant correlation between protein and mRNA expression (r > 0.2445; p < 0.05); however, among all 165 proteins the correlation coefficient values (r) ranged from −0.467 to 0.442. Correlation coefficient values were not related to protein abundance. Further, no significant correlation between mRNA and protein expression was found (r = −0.025) if the average levels of mRNA or protein among all samples were applied across the 165 protein spots (98 genes). The mRNA/protein correlation coefficient also varied among proteins with multiple isoforms, indicating potentially separate isoform-specific mechanisms for the regulation of protein abundance. Among the 21 genes with a significant correlation between mRNA and protein, five genes differed significantly between stage I and stage III lung adenocarcinomas. Using a quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein expression within the same lung adenocarcinomas, we showed that only a subset of the proteins exhibited a significant correlation with mRNA abundance.
MRI Evaluation of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee In The Setting of ACL Rupture

Objectives: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee was recently described in the literature. It was hypothesized to help control internal tibial rotation and affect the pivot shift phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to identify the normal appearance of the ALL on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to examine its role in stability of the knee. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed and 50 patients from a single surgeon’s practice with full thickness anterior cruciate ligament tears over a 2 year period were selected at random. Operative reports detailing the pivot shift examination under anesthesia were documented. Preoperative MRIs were reviewed by a fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologist. Axial, sagittal, and coronal cuts were used to identify the presence and degree of injury to the ALL (Grade 0-3). The popliteus tendon, lateral collateral ligament, biceps femoris tendon, and iliotibial band were analyzed and graded 0-3. The presence or absence of a Segond fracture was noted. Results: The ALL was identified in 100% of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees evaluated. In 27 knees, there was no MRI evidence of ALL injury (Grade 0). A grade 1 injury was noted in 18 knees. A grade 2 injury was noted in 2 knees. A grade 3 injury was observed in only 1 knee. This was the same knee in which the single Segond fracture among the group was noted. Eighty four percent (42/50) of knees showed a positive pivot shift on examination under anesthesia. A positive pivot shift was noted in 37 patients who had no (Grade 0) or mild (Grade 1) ALL injury. Thirteen MRIs showed evidence of injury to the posterolateral corner structures, with 92% (12/13) consisting of mild (Grade 1) injuries. Conclusion: The anterolateral ligament of the knee is readily identifiable on MRI. Its structural integrity was maintained in the overwhelming majority of knees with a complete tear of the ACL, both with and without the presence of rotatory instability on examination. We found no correlation between degree of injury to the ALL and degree of instability. The only complete rupture of the ligament was in the setting of complete rupture of the IT band, which supports its identity as an extension of the IT band. Therefore, we propose that the ALL in itself plays a minimal if any role in stability of the knee. Further biomechanical studies are needed to confirm this.
Neural Associative Memory with Optimal Bayesian Learning

Neural associative memories are perceptron-like single-layer networks with fast synaptic learning typically storing discrete associations between pairs of neural activity patterns. Previous work optimized the memory capacity for various models of synaptic learning: linear Hopfield-type rules, the Willshaw model employing binary synapses, or the BCPNN rule of Lansner and Ekeberg, for example. Here I show that all of these previous models are limit cases of a general optimal model where synaptic learning is determined by probabilistic Bayesian considerations. Asymptotically, for large networks and very sparse neuron activity, the Bayesian model becomes identical to an inhibitory implementation of the Willshaw and BCPNN-type models. For less sparse patterns, the Bayesian model becomes identical to Hopfield-type networks employing the covariance rule. For intermediate sparseness or finite networks, the optimal Bayesian learning rule differs from the previous models and can significantly improve memory performance. I also provide a unified analytical framework to determine memory capacity at a given output noise level that links approaches based on mutual information, Hamming distance, and signal-to-noise ratio.
Factor XIII B Subunit Polymorphisms and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

The aim of the case-control study was to explore the effect of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) B subunit (FXIII-B) polymorphisms on the risk of coronary artery disease, and on FXIII levels. In the study, 687 patients admitted for coronary angiography to investigate suspected coronary artery disease and 994 individuals representing the Hungarian population were enrolled. The patients were classified according to the presence of significant coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) and history of myocardial infarction (MI). The F13B gene was genotyped for p.His95Arg and for intron K nt29756 C>G polymorphisms; the latter results in the replacement of 10 C-terminal amino acids by 25 novel amino acids. The p.His95Arg polymorphism did not influence the risk of CAS or MI. The FXIII-B intron K nt29756 G allele provided significant protection against CAS and MI in patients with a fibrinogen level in the upper tertile. However, this effect prevailed only in the presence of the FXIII-A Leu34 allele, and a synergism between the two polymorphisms was revealed. Carriers of the intron K nt29756 G allele had significantly lower FXIII levels, and FXIII levels in the lower tertile provided significant protection against MI. It is suggested that the protective effect of the combined polymorphisms is related to decreased FXIII levels.
RANTES, IFN-gamma, CCR1, and CCR5 mRNA expression in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bronchoalveolar lavage mononuclear cells during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques.

Primary infection of macaques with pathogenic isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (as a model of HIV infection in humans) represents a unique opportunity to study early lentivirus/host interactions. We sought to determine whether there is a temporal relationship linking SIV replication and dissemination and the expression of the chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) and the SIV/HIV coreceptor CCR5 in different tissues during acute SIV infection of macaques. Four cynomolgus macaques were inoculated intravenously with a pathogenic primary isolate of SIVmac251. RT-PCR was used to monitor the expression of RANTES and CCR5 mRNA in fresh isolated mononuclear cells from blood, lymph node, and bronchoalveolar lavages. These expressions were compared to those of IFN-gamma as an indicator of the development of the immune response and to another receptor for RANTES, CCR1, which is not described as a coreceptor for SIV/HIV-1 entry. An enhancement of CCR1/CCR5 mRNA expression was noticed during primary SIVmac251 infection of macaques, mainly in tissue. In the three different compartments investigated, IFN-gamma and RANTES overexpression was noticed by the time of systemic viral replication containment. Our results put CCR5 and RANTES mRNA expression back in the context of inflammatory and immune responses to SIV primary infection.
Preservation of log-concavity on summation

We extend Hoggar's theorem that the sum of two independent discrete-valued log-concave random variables is itself log-concave. We introduce conditions under which the result still holds for dependent variables. We argue that these conditions are natural by giving some applications. Firstly, we use our main theorem to give simple proofs of the log-concavity of the Stirling numbers of the second kind and of the Eulerian numbers. Secondly, we prove results concerning the log-concavity of the sum of independent (not necessarily log-concave) random variables.
Can the Precautionary Motive Explain the Chinese Corporate Savings Puzzle? Evidence from the Liquid Assets Perspective

This paper uses matched customs and firm-level data from Q1 2002 to Q4 2009 to examine which factors influence corporate savings decisions in China. The investigation shows that the precautionary motive plays a crucial role in explaining firms’ savings behavior. I start by showing that a firm’s savings are highly sensitive to its ownership structure. Private firms tend to save more than state-owned enterprise (SOE) when firms with valuable future investment opportunities and limited access to finance might accumulate precautionary savings. To address endogeneity concerns, difference-in-difference estimations support the causal impact of precautionary motives on corporate savings. Strikingly, I find that export firms tended to save more during the recent crisis. This finding challenges the mainstream view that an unexpected negative shock to external demand for the export-oriented industry would cause its savings to drop significantly. One interpretation of the results is that the precautionary motive under financial friction increases corporate propensity to save. The results highlight the importance of developing Chinese financial markets in order to channel savings into investment. One policy implication is that the low dividend payment by SOEs is less important in causing the gap between saving and investment than previous studies have suggested.
Wireless Communications

"Professor Andreas F. Molisch, renowned researcher and educator, has put together the comprehensive book, Wireless Communications. The second edition, which includes a wealth of new material on important topics, ensures the role of the text as the key resource for every student, researcher, and practitioner in the field. "Professor Moe Win, MIT, USAWireless communications has grown rapidly over the past decade from a niche market into one of the most important, fast moving industries. Fully updated to incorporate the latest research and developments, Wireless Communications, Second Edition provides an authoritative overview of the principles and applications of mobile communication technology.The author provides an in-depth analysis of current treatment of the area, addressing both the traditional elements, such as Rayleigh fading, BER in flat fading channels, and equalisation, and more recently emerging topics such as multi-user detection in CDMA systems, MIMO systems, and cognitive radio. The dominant wireless standards; including cellular, cordless and wireless LANs; are discussed.Topics featured include: wireless propagation channels, transceivers and signal processing, multiple access and advanced transceiver schemes, and standardised wireless systems.Combines mathematical descriptions with intuitive explanations of the physical facts, enabling readers to acquire a deep understanding of the subject.Includes new chapters on cognitive radio, cooperative communications and relaying, video coding, 3GPP Long Term Evolution, and WiMax; plus significant new sections on multi-user MIMO, 802.11n, and information theory.Companion website featuring: supplementary material on 'DECT', solutions manual and presentation slides for instructors, appendices, list of abbreviations and other useful resources.
Psychological Contracts in a Nontraditional Industry

This research examined the employment contracts and experiences of information technology contractors working on H-1B visas for bodyshopping firms in the United States. Examination of these nontraditional workers allows for the emergence of insights that promote theory development on psychological contracts (PCs). In a qualitative study of 54 Indian contractors, we identified experiences that both contradict and further develop our currently limited understanding of the PC development process. Specifically, we found evidence of underdeveloped contracts, different PC content, missing PC elements, a high frequency of breach, PCs becoming more transactional over time, and the significant role of context in the PC development process. We discuss the implications of our findings related to these nontraditional workers for research on PCs.
Can Property Values Capture Changes in Environmental Health Risks? Evidence from a Stated Preference Study in Italy and the UK

Hedonic property value models are often used to place a value on localized amenities and disamenities. In practice, however, results may be affected by (i) omitted variable bias and (ii) whether homebuyers and sellers are aware of, and respond to, the assumed environmental measure. In this paper we undertake an alternative stated preference (SP) approach that eliminates the potential for unobserved confounders and where the measure of environmental quality is explicitly presented to respondents. We examine how homeowners in the United Kingdom and Italy value mortality risk reductions by asking them to choose among hypothetical variants of their home that differ in terms of mortality risks from air pollution and price. To our knowledge this is the first stated preference study examining respondents’ willingness to pay for properties using a quantitative and clearly specified measure of health risks. We find that Italian homeowners hold a value of a statistical life (VSL) of about €6.4 million, but UK homeowners tend to hold a much lower VSL (€2.1 million). This may be due to the fact that respondents in the UK do not perceive air pollution where they live to be as threatening, and actually live in cities with relatively low air pollution levels. Exploiting part of our experimental design, we find that Italian homeowners value a reduction in the risk of dying from cancer more than from other causes, but UK respondents do not hold such a premium. We also find that those who face higher baseline risks, due to higher air pollution levels where they live, hold a higher VSL, especially in the UK. In both countries, the VSL is twice as large among individuals who perceive air pollution where they live as relatively high.