Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incentive-related modulation of cognitive control in healthy, anxious, and depressed adolescents: development and psychopathology related differences.

BACKGROUND Developmental changes in cognitive and affective processes contribute to adolescent risk-taking behavior, emotional intensification, and psychopathology. The current study examined adolescent development of cognitive control processes and their modulation by incentive, in health and psychopathology. Predictions include 1) better cognitive control in adults than adolescents, and in healthy adolescents than anxious and depressed adolescents, and 2) a stronger influence of incentives in adolescents than adults, and in healthy adolescents than their depressed and anxious counterparts. METHODS Antisaccadic eye movement parameters, which provide a measure of cognitive control, were collected during a reward antisaccade task that included parameterized incentive levels. Participants were 20 healthy adults, 30 healthy adolescents, 16 adolescents with an anxiety disorder, and 11 adolescents with major depression. Performance accuracy and saccade latency were analyzed to test both developmental and psychopathology hypotheses. RESULTS Development and psychopathology group differences in cognitive control were found. Specifically, adults performed better than healthy adolescents, and healthy adolescents than anxious and depressed adolescents. Incentive improved accuracy for all groups; however, incremental increases were not sufficiently large to further modulate performance. Incentives also affected saccade latencies, pushing healthy adolescent latencies to adult levels, while being less effective in adolescents with depression or anxiety. This latter effect was partially mediated by anxiety symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Current findings evidence the modulation of cognitive control processes by incentives. While seen in both healthy adults and healthy adolescents, this modulatory effect was stronger in youth. While anxious and depressed adolescents exhibited improved cognitive control under incentives, this effect was smaller than that in healthy adolescents. These findings suggest differential incentive and/or cognitive control processing in anxiety and depression, and across development. Differences could result from disorder specific, or combined developmental and pathological mechanisms.
Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of Information in Working Memory

In recent years, theoretical perspectives on posterior parietal function have evolved beyond the traditional visuospatial processing models to include more diverse cognitive operations, such as long-term and working memory. However, definitive neuropsychological evidence supporting the superior parietal lobule's purported role in working memory has been lacking. Here, we studied human brain lesion patients to determine whether the superior parietal lobule is indeed necessary for working memory. We assessed a wide range of memory functions in three participant groups: superior parietal lesions (n = 19), lesions not involving superior parietal cortex (n = 146), and no brain lesions (n = 55). Superior parietal damage was reliably associated with deficits on tests involving the manipulation and rearrangement of information in working memory, but not on working memory tests requiring only rehearsal and retrieval processes, nor on tests of long-term memory. These results indicate that superior parietal cortex is critically important for the manipulation of information in working memory.
A Social Interactional Model of Bereavement Narrative Disclosure

According to recent bereavement research, disclosing the narrative of one's loss does not per se promote emotional recovery. At the same time, social, personality, and developmental research suggests that telling personal stories is an important means of building identity and relationships throughout adulthood. Drawing on this literature, this review illustrates how bereavement narrative disclosure may be instrumental in addressing psychosocial challenges associated with bereavement (e.g., relationship formation, identity reconstruction, and meaning making). Multiple individual and social factors may affect how successful bereavement narrative disclosure is these challenges. Applying a social interactional model of memory telling, this review examines the influence of the relationship of narrator and listener, their personality characteristics, the content and structure of the narrative, the type of loss, and the time since the loss in facilitating or disrupting the putative goals of bereavement narrative disclosure. The utility of this model for clinicians working with bereaved individuals is also explored.
Postnatal lesion evidence against a primary role for the corpus callosum in mouse sociability

The BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) strain is an inbred strain of mice that displays prominent social deficits and repetitive behaviors analogous to the defining symptoms of autism, along with complete congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum (CC). The BTBR strain is genetically distant from the widely used C57BL/6J (B6) strain, which exhibits high levels of sociability, a low level of repetitive behaviors, and an intact CC. Emerging evidence implicates compromised interhemispherical connectivity in some cases of autism. We investigated the hypothesis that the disconnection of CC fiber tracts contributes to behavioral traits in mice that are relevant to the behavioral symptoms of autism. Surgical lesion of the CC in B6 mice at postnatal day 7 had no effect on juvenile play and adult social approaches, and did not elevate repetitive self‐grooming. In addition, LP/J, the strain that is genetically closest to the BTBR strain but has an intact CC, displayed juvenile play deficits and repetitive self‐grooming similar to those seen in BTBR mice. These corroborative results offer evidence against the hypothesis that the CC disconnection is a primary cause of low sociability and a high level of repetitive behaviors in inbred mice. Our findings indicate that genes mediating other aspects of neurodevelopment, including those whose mutations underlie more subtle disruptions in white matter pathways and connectivity, are more likely to contribute to the aberrant behavioral phenotypes in the BTBR mouse model of autism.
Attenuation of dengue (and other RNA viruses) with codon pair recoding can be explained by increased CpG/UpA dinucleotide frequencies

Shen et al. (1) describe the modification of three regions of the Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) genome to match the codon pair use of insect genes rather than those of mammals. We have previously shown that such recoding also modifies frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides and have proposed it is this, rather than codon pair use, that restricts replication in mammalian cells (2). We argue that DENV-2 mutants are attenuated for cell culture and in vivo replication in mice through the same mechanism. Our conclusions are based on the following observations.
Cytological features of warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with review of previous cytology cases

Warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma (WLPTC) is a rare morphological variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma which mimics various benign and malignant lesions on thyroid aspiration cytology. As correct cytological diagnosis is the cornerstone for appropriate patient management, awareness of the salient cytomorphological characteristics of this tumor is essential. Here, we present cytological features of a case of WLPTC along with discussion of the common differential diagnoses and a brief review of the literature to ascertain the most consistent cytological findings of WLPTC. The present case also harboured BRAFV600E mutation which is the commonest molecular alteration seen in WLPTC.
Role of p16 and p53 in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A study in Malaysia

Ninety-five percentages of oral cancer are classified as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). p16 and p53 are protein in human cell cycle regulation that can play role as tumour suppressor genes. The purpose of the research is to detect p16 and p53 expressions in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and OSCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC). A total of 87 formalinfixed paraffin embedded tissue were selected comprising of OPMDs cases (n=32), OSCC cases (n=46) and normal oral mucosa (n=9). The cases were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM, Institute of Medical Research and Hospital Tunku Mizan. The IHC staining was manually performed using p16 antibody (1:1000) (Abcam) and p53 antibody (clone DO-7,Dako, Denmark) following manufacturer’s instruction and assessed semiquantitatively (positivity and staining intensity) between all groups. Positive and negative controls were used to validate the IHC run. All data were then analysed using SPSS version 22.0 and p values <0.05 were considered significant. The p16 were found positive in OSCC (96.7%) and in OPMDs (84.38%). There is significantly higher p16 positivity in OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa (p<0.001). The p53 expression was detected in OPMDs and OSCC. There are significant differences between p53 expression among in NOM and OSCC (p<0.01) as well as OPMDs and OSCC (p<0.05). In this present study, p16 and p53 expressions were increased following degree of malignancy. The finding suggests that p16 and p53 can be used as a potential marker for oral malignancy detection. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10: (1), pp. 42-47)
Cystic major salivary gland lesions: Utilizing fine needle aspiration to optimize the clinical management of a broad and diverse differential diagnosis

The use of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for the preoperative evaluation of salivary gland lesions is an accepted but, currently, nonstandardized practice. More specifically, cystic major salivary gland lesions are relatively rare and can be very challenging to diagnose on FNA due to low cellularity and an incredibly broad differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of preoperative FNA cytology for cystic major salivary gland lesions.
Twice-weekly pegylated interferon-α-2a and ribavirin results in superior viral kinetics in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients compared to standard therapy

Background:Hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV co-infected patients have more rapid progression of liver fibrosis and only modest cure rates (sustained virologic responses, SVRs) when compared to HCV monoinfected patients. Method:We compared the virologic responses of either twice-weekly peginterferon-α-2a 180 μg/week (for 4 weeks, followed by weekly dosing) or weekly peginterferon-α-2a 180 μg/week, and weight-based ribavirin (1–1.2 g/day), among HIV/HCV co-infected genotype-1 individuals. Results:Patients receiving the investigational dosing had lower levels of HCV RNA at all time points after initiation of therapy. More patients on this arm achieved clinically relevant early virological responses at weeks 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24. The enhanced early virologic response observed with the investigational arm was associated with a higher induction of interferon-stimulated genes. This early double dose regimen also resulted in a rapid normalization of liver enzymes. Twice-weekly peginterferon-α-2a was associated with more frequent early virological responses with similar safety profiles when compared with standard therapy. Conclusion:Our results, when confirmed in larger randomized clinical trials, may provide a novel therapeutic approach to improve SVR among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, especially African–American patients.
A multiple APs cooperation access scheme for energy efficiency in UUDN with NOMA

With the continuous increase of mobile Internet traffic, the user-centric ultra-dense network (UUDN) is proposed as one of the promising solutions to provide very high area throughput density and flexible access service for users. The limited radio resources cause serious competition among numerous APs. Thus, Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which supports multiple signals transmission on the same frequency resource, is introduced into UUDN. Then, it is an interesting and still open problem on how to organize multiple APs to serve one user in NOMA-based UUDN. In this paper, we propose an access scheme by grouping multiple APs cooperatively to provide a user-centric access service. Firstly, a group evaluation model is set up for organizing multiple APs into AP Group (APG) to provide access service for each user. Then, the resource allocation problem is formulated as a mix-integer non-linear programming (MINP) problem to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE), which is hard to tackle. For tractability purpose, we transform this problem as a differ convex problem(DCP) and propose iterative algorithms to obtain a feasible solution. Extensive simulation results are analyzed to demonstrate the significant performance improvement compared to the existing schemes.
Regional distribution and cellular localization of β2‐adrenoceptors in the adult zebrafish brain (Danio rerio)

The β2‐adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G‐protein‐coupled receptors that mediate the physiological responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline. The present study aimed to determine the regional distribution of β2‐ARs in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain by means of in vitro autoradiographic and immunohistochemical methods. The immunohistochemical localization of β2‐ARs, in agreement with the quantitative β‐adrenoceptor autoradiography, showed a wide distribution of β2‐ARs in the adult zebrafish brain. The cerebellum and the dorsal zone of periventricular hypothalamus exhibited the highest density of [3H]CGP‐12177 binding sites and β2‐AR immunoreactivity. Neuronal cells strongly stained for β2‐ARs were found in the periventricular ventral telencephalic area, magnocellular and parvocellular superficial pretectal nuclei (PSm, PSp), occulomotor nucleus (NIII), locus coeruleus (LC), medial octavolateral nucleus (MON), magnocellular octaval nucleus (MaON) reticular formation (SRF, IMRF, IRF), and ganglionic cell layer of cerebellum. Interestingly, in most cases (NIII, LC, MON, MaON, SRF, IMRF, ganglionic cerebellar layer) β2‐ARs were colocalized with α2A‐ARs in the same neuron, suggesting their interaction for mediating the physiological functions of nor/adrenaline. Moderate to low labeling of β2‐ARs was found in neurons in dorsal telencephalic area, optic tectum (TeO), torus semicircularis (TS), and periventricular gray zone of optic tectum (PGZ). In addition to neuronal, glial expression of β2‐ARs was found in astrocytic fibers located in the central gray and dorsal rhombencephalic midline, in close relation to the ventricle. The autoradiographic and immunohistochemical distribution pattern of β2‐ARs in the adult zebrafish brain further support the conserved profile of adrenergic/noradrenergic system through vertebrate brain evolution. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1418–1441, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variants in potassium channels are associated with type 2 diabetes in a Mongolian population

Background: Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 40 common sequence variants associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the results are not always the same in populations with differing genetic backgrounds. In the present study, we evaluated a hypothesis that a North Asian population living in a geographic area with unusually harsh environmental conditions would develop unique genetic risks.
Field evaluation of five rapid diagnostic tests for screening of HIV-1 infections in rural Rakai, Uganda

The performance characteristics of HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) vary by test and by population. We assessed five commercial RDTs in Uganda where all but one RDT (Determine; Abbott Laboratories, Germany) performed close to manufacturer's expectations. Determine had low specificity (85.2%, positive predictive value 67.3%) due to false-positive results with weak-positive bands. Properly trained staff, good quality control programmes and validation of RDTs with laboratories having confirmatory testing capacity may be warranted to assure accuracy in each setting.
Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Gilles Montalescot, M.D., Ph.D., Arnoud W. van ’t Hof, M.D., Ph.D., Frédéric Lapostolle, M.D., Ph.D., Johanne Silvain, M.D., Ph.D., Jens Flensted Lassen, M.D., Ph.D., Leonardo Bolognese, M.D., Warren J. Cantor, M.D., Ángel Cequier, M.D., Ph.D., Mohamed Chettibi, M.D., Ph.D., Shaun G. Goodman, M.D., Christopher J. Hammett, M.B. , Ch.B. , M.D., Kurt Huber, M.D., Magnus Janzon, M.D., Ph.D., Béla Merkely, M.D., Ph.D., Robert F. Storey, M.D., D.M. , Uwe Zeymer, M.D., Olivier Stibbe, M.D., Patrick Ecollan, M.D., Wim M.J.M. Heutz, M.D., Eva Swahn, M.D., Ph.D., Jean-Philippe Collet, M.D., Ph.D., Frank F. Willems, M.D., Ph.D., Caroline Baradat, M.Sc., Muriel Licour, M.Sc., Anne Tsatsaris, M.D., Eric Vicaut, M.D., Ph.D., and Christian W. Hamm, M.D., Ph.D., for the ATLANTIC Investigators*
Novel CUX1 missense mutation in association with 7q− at leukemic transformation of MPN

In this prospective cohort of adults with SCD, we confirm that leg ulcers are still frequent and are associated with elevated TRVand markers of hemolysis. We describe a novel association of leg ulcer with hyperuricemia and oxygen desaturation and suggest potential implications for uric acid as a marker of vascular dysfunction.
Cell attachment to adhesive dressings: qualitative and quantitative analysis

Background: Adhesive skin contact layers can cause trauma and pain upon removal. Aims: To compare two adhesive foam dressings, Allevyn ® Adhesive and Mepilex ® Border, in terms of the peel force required to remove them and any trauma and pain caused on removal. Methods: Strips of the dressings were applied to 22 healthy volunteers and were removed 48 and 72 hours after application and the peel force required to remove them was measured. Dressings were also applied to the forearms of the volunteers and removed 24 hours after application when they were asked to rate the pain severity of the removal. The sites were also inspected for erythema. Complete dressings were also applied to the wounds of nine patients. Following removal, the wound contact layers were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and assayed for protein. Results: The peel force measurements showed no difference between the dressings. Mepilex Border exhibited significantly lower pain on removal and less skin erythema than Allevyn Adhesive. Electron micrographs showed large number of skin cells attached to the surface of Allevyn Adhesive dressings and few cells attached to Mepilex Border dressings. Protein analysis demonstrated significantly more protein on the Allevyn Adhesive dressings. Conclusions: This study showed that Mepilex Border was atraumatic and did not remove significant amounts of skin cells. Conflict of interest: This study was supported by an educational grant from Molnlycke Health Care.
Trichomonas vaginalis Associated With Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery

Background: Several studies have suggested that pregnant women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis may be at increased risk of an adverse outcome. Goal: To evaluate prospectively the association between T. vaginalis and risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in a large cohort of ethnically diverse women. Study Design: At University‐affiliated hospitals and antepartum clinics in five United States cities, 13,816 women (5,241 black, 4,226 Hispanic, and 4,349 white women) were enrolled at mid‐gestation, tested for T. vaginalis by culture, and followed up until delivery. Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection at enrollment was 12.6%. Race‐specific prevalence rates were 22.8% for black, 6.6% for Hispanic, and 6.1% for white women. After multivariate analysis, vaginal infection with T. vaginalis at mid‐gestation was significantly associated with low birth weight (odds ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.5), preterm delivery (odds ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.4), and preterm delivery of a low birth weight infant (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.6). The attributable risk of T. vaginalis infection associated with low birth weight in blacks was 11% compared with 1.6% in Hispanics and 1.5% in whites. Conclusions: After considering other recognized risk factors including co‐infections, pregnant women infected with T. vaginalis at mid‐gestation were statistically significantly more likely to have a low birth weight infant, to deliver preterm, and to have a preterm low birth weight infant. Compared with whites and Hispanics, T. vaginalis infection accounts for a disproportionately larger share of the low birth weight rate in blacks.
Enterocolitis in patients with cancer after antibody blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4.

PURPOSE Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is an inhibitory receptor on T cells. Knocking out CTLA4 in mice causes lethal lymphoproliferation, and polymorphisms in human CTLA4 are associated with autoimmune disease. Trials of the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab (MDX-010) have resulted in durable cancer regression and immune-mediated toxicities. A report on the diagnosis, pathology, treatment, clinical outcome, and significance of the immune-mediated enterocolitis seen with ipilimumab is presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS We treated 198 patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with ipilimumab. RESULTS The overall objective tumor response rate was 14%. We observed several immune mediated toxicities including dermatitis, enterocolitis, hypophysitis, uveitis, hepatitis, and nephritis. Enterocolitis, defined by grade 3/4 clinical presentation and/or biopsy documentation, was the most common major toxicity (21% of patients). It presented with diarrhea, and biopsies showed both neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammation. Most patients who developed enterocolitis responded to high-dose systemic corticosteroids. There was no evidence that steroid administration affected tumor responses. Five patients developed perforation or required colectomy. Four other patients with steroid-refractory enterocolitis appeared to respond promptly to tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade with infliximab. Objective tumor response rates in patients with enterocolitis were 36% for MM and 35% for RCC, compared with 11% and 2% in patients without enterocolitis, respectively (P = .0065 for MM and P = .0016 for RCC). CONCLUSION CTLA4 seems to be a significant component of tolerance to tumor and in protection against immune mediated enterocolitis and these phenomena are significantly associated in cancer patients.