Impact of different judo rules: analysis of scores and penalties in Paris Grand Slam Championships. [Impacto de las diferentes reglas de judo: análisis de puntuaciones y penalizaciones en los Campeonatos de Grand Slam de París].

Abstract In the last two decades, the International Judo Federation (IJF) has been implementing a series of changes in its official rules, in order to improve efficiency and achieve more dynamism in judo combat. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the effects of judo rule changes proposed by IJF in three periods (2011, 2016 and 2017), considering the scores and penalties in the Grand Slam Paris (GSP). The values of the scores (yuko, wazari and ippon) and the penalties (shido) were relativized by the total number of matches. The normality of data was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test (or t-test when necessary) were used to compare the scores, penalties and the efficiency index among GSP 2011 , GSP 2016 and GSP 2017 . The significance level was set at p< 0.05. The results indicated that GSP 2016 presented higher incidence of penalties in the general male teams and lower number of yuko score compared to the GSP 2011 and GSP 2017 , while the GSP 2011 showed higher efficiency in the female teams (general and medalists). Ippon was the score that determined the outcome of the matches in GSP 2011 and GSP 2017 particularly for male medalist teams. We conclude that the rule changes in the GSP 2016 deviated from the IJF objectives compared to GSP 2011 and GSP 2017 , considering the greater importance of scores than punishments. Resumen En las ultimas dos decadas, la Federacion Internacional de Judo (IJF) ha estado implementando una serie de cambios en sus reglas oficiales, con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia y lograr mas dinamismo en el combate de judo. El objetivo de la presente investigacion fue analizar los efectos de los cambios en las normas de judo propuestas por IJF en tres periodos (2011, 2016 y 2017) teniendo en cuenta las puntuaciones y penalizaciones en el Grand Slam de Paris (GSP). Los valores de las puntuaciones (yuko, wazari e ippon) y las penalizaciones (shido) se relativizaron por el numero total de combates. La normalidad de los datos se evaluo mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. El analisis de varianza de dos vias y la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni (o prueba t-test cuando fue necesario) se usaron para comparar las puntuaciones, las penalizaciones y el indice de eficiencia entre GSP 2011 , GSP 2016 y GSP 2017 . El nivel de significancia se establecio en p< 0,05. Los resultados indicaron que GSP 2016 presento una mayor incidencia de penalizaciones en los equipos masculinos generales y un menor numero de puntajes de yuko en comparacion con el GSP 2011 y GSP 2017 . Mientras que el GSP 2011 mostro una mayor eficiencia en los equipos femeninos (general y medallistas). Ippon fue la puntuacion que determino el resultado de los combates en GSP 2011 y GSP 2017 , especialmente para los equipos de medallistas masculinos. Concluimos que los cambios en la norma en el GSP 2016 se desviaron de los objetivos de IJF en comparacion con GSP 2011 y GSP 2017 , considerando la mayor importancia de las puntuaciones que las penalizaciones. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2018.05404 References/referencias Adam, M. ; Smaruj, M. , & Tyszkowski S. (2011) The diagnosis of the technical-tactical preparation of judo competitors during the World Championships (2009 and 2010) in the light of the new judo sport rules. Archives of Budo , 7(1), 5–9. Bustio, PR,; Boccia, G,; Moise P,; Laurenzano L,; & Lupo C. (2017) Relationship between stature level and success in elite judo: an analysis on four consecutive Olympic Games. 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