Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some remarks on almost rational torsion points par

Let G be a commutative algebraic group defined over a perfect field k. Let k be an algebraic closure of k and Γk be the Galois group of k over k. Following Ribet ([1], [19], see also [7]), we say a point P ∈ G(k) is almost rational over k if whenever σ, τ ∈ Γk are such that σ(P )+ τ(P ) = 2P , then σ(P ) = τ(P ) = P . We denote the almost rational points of G over k by Gar k . Let Gtors denote the torsion subgroup of G(k) and G ′ tors the subgroup of points of order prime to the characteristic of k. Let Gar tors,k = G ar k ∩Gtors and Gar,′ tors,k = G ar k ∩Gtors. For any N ≥ 1, we let G[N ] denote the subgroup of Gtors consisting of points of order dividing N , and O denote the origin of G. Using unpublished results of Serre [22], Ribet showed that if K is a number field and G is an abelian variety over K, then Gar tors,K is a finite set [1], [19]. Let C be a nonsingular projective curve of genus at least 2 over K, and φQ : C → J an Albanese embedding of C into its Jacobian J with a K-rational point Q as base point. Then for any P ∈ C(K) which is not a hyperelliptic Weierstrass point, φQ(P ) ∈ Jar K . Hence Ribet’s result gives a new proof of the Manin-Mumford conjecture, originally proved by Raynaud [18], that the torsion packet φQ(C)∩Jtors is finite. In [7], Calegari determined all the possibilities for the Q-almost rational torsion points on a semi-stable elliptic curve over Q. In [4] and [5] the authors defined and studied the notion of the set of singular torsion points Esing on an elliptic curve E over a field of characteristic different from 2, which is an analogue of torsion packets for elliptic curves. Since singular torsion points of order at least 3 are almost rational, Ribet’s result also shows that Esing is a finite set when E is defined over a field of characteristic 0. The purpose of this paper is to prove a number of properties of almost rational torsion points on various classes of commutative algebraic groups over fields of arithmetic interest. Our first topic concerns uniform bounds
Troubling identities: teacher education students' constructions of class and ethnicity

Working with diverse student populations productively depends on teachers and teacher educators recognizing and valuing difference. Too often, in teacher education programs, when markers of identity such as gender, ethnicity, ‘race’, or social class are examined, the focus is on developing student teachers' understandings of how these discourses shape learner identities and rarely on how these also shape teachers' identities. This article reports on a research project that explored how student teachers understand ethnicity and socio‐economic status. In a preliminary stage of the research, we asked eight Year 3 teacher education students who had attended mainly Anglo‐Australian, middle class schools as students and as student teachers, to explore their own ethnic and classed identities. The complexities of identity are foregrounded in both the assumptions we made in selecting particular students for the project and in the ways they constructed their own identities around ethnicity and social class. In this article we draw on these findings to interrogate how categories of identity are fluid, shifting and ongoing processes of negotiation, troubling and complex. We also consider the implications for teacher education.
Re-professionalizing teaching: the new professionalism in the United States

ABSTRACT This article examines the re-professionalization of teaching across a transformative decade of market-based and standards-based reforms in the U.S.A. The first section works with the sociological concept of the ‘new professionalism’ to situate the No Child Left Behind act, Race to the Top, and CAEP accreditation within a broader movement to align the professions with the commercial and managerial values of the private sector. The next section compares teacher interviews conducted at the onset of NCLB with interviews conducted at the height of Race to the Top to highlight how the ongoing shift from ‘occupational’ to ‘organizational’ governance of teaching can change how teachers think about and fashion themselves as teachers. This policy analysis and qualitative analysis aims to help the education field recognize, situate and interrupt education reforms that govern teaching and teacher education through standardization, commercialization and outcomes-based performance management.
Ideology and (de)legitimation: The Belgian public debate on corporate restructuring during the Great Recession

While scholars have examined how micro-textual argumentative strategies are used to (de)legitimize contested corporate practices, less attention has been given to the role of ideologies or broader belief systems, underlying discursive (de)legitimation. Analyzing newspaper articles published after the announcement of two highly debated corporate restructurings in Belgium during the Great Recession, we identify the ideologies underlying (de)legitimizing statements and examine the discursive strategies through which social actors reproduce elements of these ideologies in legitimacy struggles. We show how the ideologies of ‘neoliberal capitalism’ and ‘humanistic capitalism’ shape framings of the restructurings, identity constructions of actors involved and propositions for government measures to prevent future restructurings from happening. Apart from predictable patterns of reproduction, we discern four creative reproduction strategies: ‘refutation of elements of ideological representations’, ‘appropriation of key vocabularies’, ‘hybridization of ideological representations’, and ‘ideological pioneering’. Our study contributes by (1) providing novel insights into how ideologies function as discursive resources for (de)legitimation of contested corporate undertakings, (2) reconsidering the political nature of (de)legitimizing statements, and (3) reflecting on the (im)possibility of resistance against globalization-driven restructurings in multinational corporations and the neoliberal ideological project in general.
Energy Propagation in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Many practical machine learning tasks employ very deep convolutional neural networks. Such large depths pose formidable computational challenges in training and operating the network. It is therefore important to understand how fast the energy contained in the propagated signals (a.k.a. feature maps) decays across layers. In addition, it is desirable that the feature extractor generated by the network be informative in the sense of the only signal mapping to the all-zeros feature vector being the zero input signal. This “trivial null-set” property can be accomplished by asking for “energy conservation” in the sense of the energy in the feature vector being proportional to that of the corresponding input signal. This paper establishes conditions for energy conservation (and thus for a trivial null-set) for a wide class of deep convolutional neural network-based feature extractors and characterizes corresponding feature map energy decay rates. Specifically, we consider general scattering networks employing the modulus non-linearity and we find that under mild analyticity and high-pass conditions on the filters (which encompass, inter alia, various constructions of Weyl-Heisenberg filters, wavelets, ridgelets, ( $\alpha $ )-curvelets, and shearlets) the feature map energy decays at least polynomially fast. For broad families of wavelets and Weyl-Heisenberg filters, the guaranteed decay rate is shown to be exponential. Moreover, we provide handy estimates of the number of layers needed to have at least $((1-\varepsilon )\cdot 100)\%$ of the input signal energy be contained in the feature vector.
Use of uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography to predict pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and bivariable meta-analysis

Background: Alterations in waveforms in the uterine artery are associated with the development of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. We investigated the predictive accuracy of all uterine artery Doppler indices for both conditions in the first and second trimesters. Methods: We identified relevant studies through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Medion databases (all records to April 2006) and by checking bibliographies of identified studies and consulting with experts. Four of us independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed study validity. We performed a bivariable meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity and calculated likelihood ratios. Results: We identified 74 studies of pre-eclampsia (total 79 547 patients) and 61 studies of intrauterine growth restriction (total 41 131 patients). Uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography provided a more accurate prediction when performed in the second trimester than in the first-trimester. Most Doppler indices had poor predictive characteristics, but this varied with patient risk and outcome severity. An increased pulsatility index with notching was the best predictor of pre-eclampsia (positive likelihood ratio 21.0 among high-risk patients and 7.5 among low-risk patients). It was also the best predictor of overall (positive likelihood ratio 9.1) and severe (positive likelihood ratio 14.6) intrauterine growth restriction among low-risk patients. Interpretation: Abnormal uterine artery waveforms are a better predictor of pre-eclampsia than of intrauterine growth restriction. A pulsatility index, alone or combined with notching, is the most predictive Doppler index. These indices should be used in clinical practice. Future research should also concentrate on combining uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography with other tests.
Outer forms of type $A_2$ with infinite genus

Let $G$ be an absolutely almost simple algebraic group over a field $K$. The genus ${\bf gen}_K(G)$ of $G$ is the set of $K$-isomorphism classes of $K$-forms $G'$ of $G$ that have the same $K$-isomorphism classes of maximal $K$-tori as $G$. We construct an example of outer forms of type $A_2$ with infinite genus.
Expression and localization of N-domain angiotensin I-converting enzymes (ACE) in mesangial cells in culture from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

* Address for all correspondence: Dr. Dulce Elena Casarini, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Rua Botucatu, 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Tel: 55 11 5574 6300; Fax: 55 11 5573 96 52 Email: dulce@ nefro.epm. br Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (August 16, 2005). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00110. 2005
Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Airways Influences Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro and Murine Models of Co-Infection

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways disease represents an example of polymicrobial infection whereby different bacterial species can interact and influence each other. In CF patients Staphylococcus aureus is often the initial pathogen colonizing the lungs during childhood, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant pathogen isolated in adolescents and adults. During chronic infection, P. aeruginosa undergoes adaptation to cope with antimicrobial therapy, host response and co-infecting pathogens. However, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa often co-exist in the same niche influencing the CF pathogenesis. The goal of this study was to investigate the reciprocal interaction of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and understand the influence of P. aeruginosa adaptation to the CF lung in order to gain important insight on the interplay occurring between the two main pathogens of CF airways, which is still largely unknown. P. aeruginosa reference strains and eight lineages of clinical strains, including early and late clonal isolates from different patients with CF, were tested for growth inhibition of S. aureus. Next, P. aeruginosa/S. aureus competition was investigated in planktonic co-culture, biofilm, and mouse pneumonia model. P. aeruginosa reference and early strains, isolated at the onset of chronic infection, outcompeted S. aureus in vitro and in vivo models of co-infection. On the contrary, our results indicated a reduced capacity to outcompete S. aureus of P. aeruginosa patho-adaptive strains, isolated after several years of chronic infection and carrying several phenotypic changes temporally associated with CF lung adaptation. Our findings provide relevant information with respect to interspecies interaction and disease progression in CF.
The Existence and Value-Relevance of Financial Analysts' Long-term Growth Forecasts

This paper investigates two questions. First, why do we observe analysts’ long-term earnings growth forecasts (hereafter, LTG forecasts) for some firms but not others and why do some analysts issue LTG forecasts while others do not? Second, are the LTG forecasts viewed as value-relevant by investors and do they enhance the value-relevance of stock recommendations? For the first question, at the firm level, we predict a positive (negative) relation with investors’ demand for LTG forecasts (the cost of collecting long-term oriented information). In particular, we hypothesize that the existence of LTG forecasts increases with the firm’s growth opportunities, the firm’s financial health, the proportion of shareholdings by long-horizon investors, firm size, and firm age and decrease with loss occurrence. At the analyst level, we predict that analysts with less time and resource constraints, with more experience and ability, and inputting more research effort in covering a firm are more likely to issue LTG forecasts. Empirical results are largely consistent with our predictions. For the second question, we find that the stock market responds significantly to LTG forecast revisions. In addition, the stock market responds more strongly to recommendation revisions by analysts who also issue LTG forecasts. Further, investors following the stock recommendations of analysts issuing LTG forecasts earn more trading profits than investors relying on the recommendations of analysts not issuing LTG forecasts.
Possible Mechanisms by Which Topical 5-Fluorouracil and Dermabrasion Could Induce Pigment Spread in Vitiligo Skin: An Experimental Study

The combination of skin ablation and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment was previously tried in the treatment of vitiligo, and good results were specifically reported in glabrous skin without follicular melanocyte reservoirs. Methods. This study was carried out on the skins of seven guinea pigs: three were treated with mechanical dermabrasion plus topical 5-FU in an achromic area contiguous to a pigmented area; two were treated by only dermabrasion in a similar area; and two were treated by topical 5-FU alone. Clinical, histological, and ultrastructural studies were performed over two months. Results. In guinea pigs treated with dermabrasion plus 5-FU, we observed firstly a delay of wound healing with an obvious inflammatory reaction, and, after two months, evident pigment spread from the pigmented into the achromic area. After six months, we noticed black hair regrowing in the achromic area. Pigment spread was not seen in the guinea pigs skin treated by either dermabrasion or topical 5-FU. We suggest that the inflammatory mediators and enzymes (metalloproteinases), which are locally released over a long time, could stimulate and facilitate melanocyte proliferation and migration through the enlarged intercellular spaces of the epidermis. This sequence of events may be applied to vitiligo patients treated with 5-FU on ablated lesions.
Cerebrocortical Beta Activity in Overweight Humans Responds to Insulin Detemir

Background Insulin stimulates cerebrocortical beta and theta activity in lean humans. This effect is reduced in obese individuals indicating cerebrocortical insulin resistance. In the present study we tested whether insulin detemir is a suitable tool to restore the cerebral insulin response in overweight humans. This approach is based on studies in mice where we could recently demonstrate increased brain tissue concentrations of insulin and increased insulin signaling in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex following peripheral injection of insulin detemir. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied activity of the cerebral cortex using magnetoencephalography in 12 lean and 34 overweight non-diabetic humans during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (each step 90 min) with human insulin (HI) and saline infusion (S). In 10 overweight subjects we additionally performed the euglycemic clamp with insulin detemir (D). While human insulin administration did not change cerebrocortical activity relative to saline (p = 0.90) in overweight subjects, beta activity increased during D administration (basal 59±3 fT, 1st step 62±3 fT, 2nd step 66±5, p = 0.001, D vs. HI). As under this condition glucose infusion rates were lower with D than with HI (p = 0.003), it can be excluded that the cerebral effect is the consequence of a systemic effect. The total effect of insulin detemir on beta activity was not different from the human insulin effect in lean subjects (p = 0.78). Conclusions/Significance Despite cerebrocortical resistance to human insulin, insulin detemir increased beta activity in overweight human subjects similarly as human insulin in lean subjects. These data suggest that the decreased cerebral beta activity response in overweight subjects can be restored by insulin detemir.
Respiratory Health in Waste Collection and Disposal Workers

Waste management, namely, collection, transport, sorting and processing, and disposal, is an issue of social concern owing to its environmental impact and effects on public health. In fact, waste management activities are carried out according to procedures that can have various negative effects on the environment and, potentially, on human health. The aim of our study was to assess the potential effects on respiratory health of this exposure in workers in the waste management and disposal field, as compared with a group of workers with no occupational exposure to outdoor pollutants. The sample consisted of a total of 124 subjects, 63 waste collectors, and 61 office clerks. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before inclusion in the study. The entire study population underwent pulmonary function assessments with spirometry and completed two validated questionnaires for the diagnosis of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 13. Spirometry showed a statistically significant reduction in the mean Tiffenau Index values in the exposed workers, as compared with the controls, after adjusting for the confounding factors of age, BMI, and smoking habit. Similarly, the mean FEV1 values were lower in the exposed workers than in the controls, this difference being again statistically significant. The FVC differences measured in the two groups were not found to be statistically significant. We ran a cross-sectional study to investigate the respiratory health of a group of workers in the solid waste collection and disposal field as compared with a group of office workers. In agreement with most of the data in the literature, our findings support the existence of a prevalence of respiratory deficits in waste disposal workers. Our data suggest the importance of adopting preventive measures, such as wearing specific individual protection devices, to protect this particular category of workers from adverse effects on respiratory health.
Parallel Graph Processing on Modern Multi-core Servers: New Findings and Remaining Challenges

Big Data analytics and new problems in social networks, computational biology, and web connectivity led to a renewed research interest in graph processing. Due to "irregularity" of graph computations, efficient parallel graph processing faces a set of software and hardware challenges debated in literature. In this paper, by utilizing hardware performance counters, we characterize system bottlenecks, resource usage, and the efficiency of popular graph applications on the modern commodity hardware. We analyze selected graph applications (implemented in the Galois framework) on a variety of graph datasets: both scale-free graphs and meshes. Our profiling shows that with an increased number of cores the analyzed graph applications achieve a good speedup, which is highly correlated with utilized memory bandwidth. Contrary to traditional past stereotypes, we find that graph applications significantly benefit from hardware prefetchers. Moreover, the use of transparent huge pages (THP) exhibits a "double win" impact: (1) THP significantly decrease the TLB misses and page walk durations, and (2) THP boost the hardware prefetchers' performance. These insights shed light to understand the performance of emerging systems with large memories. Our profiling framework reports hardware counter values over time. It reveals the danger of using averages for a bottleneck and resource usage analysis: many applications have a time-varying behavior and stretch the usage of system resources to their peak. We discuss the new insights and remaining challenges for guiding the design of future hardware and software components for efficient graph processing.
Diversity and Determinants of Corporate Financing Decisions: Survey Evidence

Despite theoretical developments in recent years, our understanding of corporate capital structure remains incomplete. Prior empirical research has been dominated by archival regression studies which are limited in their ability to fully reflect the diversity found in practice. The present paper reports on a comprehensive survey of corporate financing decision-making in 192 UK listed companies. A key finding is that firms are heterogeneous in their capital structure policies. About half of the firms seek to maintain a target debt level, consistent with trade-off theory, but 60% claim to follow a financing hierarchy, consistent with pecking order theory. These two theories are not viewed by respondents as either mutually exclusive or exhaustive, since some firms adopt (at least partially) both strategies, while a significant number of firms do not appear to follow either of these strategies. Such observations raise concerns about the usefulness of large-scale regression modelling of capital structure determinants. In normal usage, these models can only describe whether a particular theory is consistent with the observed capital structure of the 'average firm' in the population. They are not typically used to model the diversity of capital structure practice. As found in many regression-based determinant studies, there is clear evidence here that company size affects corporate financing decisions. For example, large companies are more likely to adopt a target debt level and to maintain financial slack (though not more likely to follow a hierarchy of finance). Similarly, current high levels of gearing encourage a greater focus on particular issues, such as projected cash flows, loan covenants and non-interest tax shields. This contingency on debt levels suggests that empirical studies of capital structure dynamics may be particularly fruitful. Investigation of debt level determinants shows that many of the theoretical arguments are widely accepted by respondents, in particular the importance of interest tax shield, financial distress, agency costs and also, at least implicitly, information asymmetry.