Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT IN BLACK HOLE X-RAY BINARY CYGNUS X-1

X-ray binary Cygnus X-1 is microquasar containing historically first candidate to black hole. Paradigm of magnetic disc accretion dominates in theoretical models describing processes taking place in objects containing black holes such as microquasars and active galactic nuclei. Nevertheless up to now there were no reliable measurements of magnetic fields in these systems. The first prediction of the Cyg X-1 magnetic field was done by V.F. Shvartsman 1 . He wrote that Cyg X-1 X-ray emission millisecond flickering evidences the presence of a black hole and points to the magnetic field role in accretion onto a black hole 2,3 . From that times there were many of attempts to search for the Cyg X-1 magnetic field but all of these efforts indicated upper limits only. Our VLT FORS1 2007 and 2008 observations revealed a presence of a magnetic field in the system. For the first time we obtained on the level of 6 standard deviations (�) a magnetic field of the order of 130 G on the surface of the Cyg X-1 optical component (O-supergiant) and observational estimation on a 4� level of a magnetic field on a outer part of accretion structure (about 600 G) in accordance with theoretical prediction. Scaling this field value to black hole vicinity we showed that the field is strong enough to explain the X-ray millisecond flickering and can explain it. Our result presents the first direct determination of magnetic field in accreting disk around a black hole.
Roles of Ets proteins, NF-κB and nocodazole in regulating induction of transcription of mouse germline Ig α RNA by transforming growth factor-β1

Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) occurs after antigen activation of B cells. CSR is directed to specific heavy chain isotypes by cytokines and B cell activators that induce transcription from the unrearranged, or germline (GL), CH region genes. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is essential for switch recombination to IgA due to its ability to induce transcription from GL Ig α genes. It has been shown that the promoters which regulate transcription of mouse and human GL α RNAs contain a TGF-β1-responsive element that binds Smad and core binding factor (CBFα)/AML/PEBPα/Runx. They also contain other elements which bind the transcription factors CREB, BSAP and Ets family proteins. In this manuscript we demonstrate that two tandem Ets sites in the mouse GL α promoter bind the transcription factors Elf-1 and PU.1, and that the 3 site is essential for expression of a luciferase reporter gene driven by the GL α promoter. Binding of Elf-1 to the GL α promoter is inducible by lipopolysaccharide in nuclear extracts from splenic B cells. An NF-κB site is identified, although it does not contribute to expression of the promoter in reporter gene assays. Since CSR to IgA is greatly reduced in NF-κB/p50-deficient mice, these data support the hypothesis that NF-κB has roles in switching in addition to regulation of GL transcription. Finally, we demonstrate that nocodazole, which disrupts microtubules that sequester Smad proteins in the cytoplasm, stimulates transcription from the GL α promoter.
Tourists’ Perception of Haze Pollution and the Potential Impacts on Travel: Reshaping the Features of Tourism Seasonality in Beijing, China

Haze pollution has worsened and has received close attention by news agencies in the past two years. This type of environmental pollution might have a great effect on tourism image and the entire tourism industry of a destination. This study aimed to reveal the potential impacts of haze pollution on the tourism industry. Based on a case study in Beijing using questionnaires for potential tourists, awareness of haze pollution, impacts of haze pollution on travel and attitudes toward the impacts were discussed. The results indicated that haze pollution has a considerable potential impact on travel, and there are distinct differences among travel elements and tourism market segments. Due to its impacts, haze pollution could be taken into account in tourists’ decision-making processes, causing a portion of potential tourists to cancel tourism plans. As a result, tourist arrivals to similar destinations could decrease by a small margin, but the most significant impact could be on the temporal distribution of tourist arrivals, namely tourism seasonality, due to tourists’ “avoiding” psychology.
On-the-fly model checking from interval logic specifications

Future Interval Logic (FIL) and its intuitive graphical representation, Graphical Interval Logic (GIL), can be used as the formal description language of model checking tools to verify hardware and software systems. An interval clearly defines the temporal scope over which properties are evaluated. From interval formulas specifying the temporal behavior of a system we obtain their semantically equivalent Büchi automata, but in such a way that our algorithm can be integrated into an on-the-fly model checking tool. As the property automaton can be generated simultaneously with, and guided by, the construction of the system model, it is possible to detect that a property is violated by constructing only a part of both state spaces. This is the first time that this kind of algorithm has been developed for an interval logic. The relations with other automated verification techniques from linear temporal logic are also discussed. Moreover, an appendix with proof of the correctness of our algorithm is included.
An expansion for self-interacting random walks

We derive a perturbation expansion for general self-interacting random walks, where steps are made on the basis of the history of the path. Examples of models where this expansion applies are reinforced random walk, excited random walk, the true (weakly) self-avoiding walk, loop-erased random walk, and annealed random walk in random environment. In this paper we show that the expansion gives rise to useful formulae for the speed and variance of the random walk, when these quantities are known to exist. The results and formulae of this paper have been used elsewhere by the authors to prove monotonicity properties for the speed (in high dimensions) of excited random walk and related models, and certain models of random walk in random environment. We also derive a law of large numbers and central limit theorem (with explicit error terms) directly from this expansion, under strong assumptions on the expansion coefficients. The assumptions are shown to be satisfied by excited random walk in high dimensions with small excitation parameter, a model of reinforced random walk with underlying drift and small reinforcement parameter, and certain models of random walk in random environment under strong ellipticity conditions.
Automated supervised classification of variable stars - I. Methodology

Context: The fast classification of new variable stars is an important step in making them available for further research. Selection of science targets from large databases is much more efficient if they have been classified first. Defining the classes in terms of physical parameters is also important to get an unbiased statistical view on the variability mechanisms and the borders of instability strips. Aims: Our goal is twofold: provide an overview of the stellar variability classes that are presently known, in terms of some relevant stellar parameters; use the class descriptions obtained as the basis for an automated ``supervised classification'' of large databases. Such automated classification will compare and assign new objects to a set of pre-defined variability training classes. Methods: For every variability class, a literature search was performed to find as many well-known member stars as possible, or a considerable subset if too many were present. Next, we searched on-line and private databases for their light curves in the visible band and performed period analysis and harmonic fitting. The derived light curve parameters are used to describe the classes and define the training classifiers. Results: We compared the performance of different classifiers in terms of percentage of correct identification, of confusion among classes and of computation time. We describe how well the classes can be separated using the proposed set of parameters and how future improvements can be made, based on new large databases such as the light curves to be assembled by the CoRoT and Kepler space missions. Conclusions: The derived classifiers' performances are so good in terms of success rate and computational speed that we will evaluate them in practice from the application of our methodology to a large subset of variable stars in the OGLE database and from comparison of the results with published OGLE variable star classifications based on human intervention. These results will be published in a subsequent paper. The documented classification software codes as well as the light curves and the set of classification parameters for the definition stars, are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat? J/A+A/475/1159
KressArray Xplorer: a new CAD environment to optimize reconfigurable datapath array architectures

This paper introduces a CAD environment for design-space exploration of coarse grain reconfigurable KressArray architectures and similar platforms, To find an optimal solution to a given application domain this KressArray Xplorer supports experimenting with different architectures. An estimator analyses the input and suggests an architecture onto which then the application is mapped using an heuristic algorithm. A graphic editor supports user interaction. The system generates performance analysis data, which is used by an automatic tool to refine the result iteratively.
Out of sight and out of mind? A literature review of occupational safety and health leadership and management of distributed workers

ABSTRACT Distributed workers – those who work autonomously and remotely from their organisation’s main locations for at least some of their work-time – are an important and growing proportion of the workforce that share common characteristics of temporal and spatial distance. Yet, many leadership styles and management practices assume face-to-face interaction, potentially rendering them less helpful in trying to ensure good occupational safety and health (OSH) outcomes for distributed workers. We conducted a systematic literature review to examine the leadership and management of OSH for distributed workers. Twenty-three papers were identified. Eleven papers identified established leadership styles, including leader-member exchange, (safety specific) transformational and considerate leadership. Twenty papers examined management. Findings from these 20 papers were interpreted as representing resources, deployed through management and utilised by managers to ensure OSH for distributed workers, including communication technologies, social support and a good safety climate. Despite limited research in this area, findings indicate the importance of both leadership and management in ensuring OSH for distributed workers. Findings suggest a fertile area for future enquiry.
A Domesticated piggyBac Transposase Plays Key Roles in Heterochromatin Dynamics and DNA Cleavage during Programmed DNA Deletion in Tetrahymena thermophila

This study suggests that a TPB2 piggyBac transposase has evolved to facilitate heterochromatin assembly and carry out the final DNA excision step of programmed DNA deletion in Tetrahymena thermophila. TPB2 appears to have gone through a domestication process to become a host gene and be maintained in the macronuclear genome.
The effect of temperature on the reliability of electronic components

Reliability of electronic systems for operating in all types of environments has become a necessity. The progressive miniaturization in electronics, packaging of a large number of active devices per unit area of the component due to higher integration levels, higher power density per unit area, need for low- cost and reliable products, and the wide range of applications in specialized commercial, avionics, underground oil exploration, automotive, and other high temperature environments besides the normal commercial applications demands a high degree of reliable operation of the electronics under harsh environmental conditions. In such situations, reliability has to be built into the system by design, choice of suitable components, packaging and cooling techniques. This paper discusses the effect of temperature on the reliability of components used in typical electronic systems. Various models based on the temperature principle are discussed with illustrative examples for reliability calculations.Further, it is shown that by using the principle of cause - effect relationship, suitable methods can be applied to minimize failures of electronic components due to thermal stresses.
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods Case-control Studies with Jointly Misclassified Exposure and Confounding Variables Case-control Studies with Jointly Misclassified Exposure and Confounding Variables Methodology & Background

The issue of 2 × 2 × 2 case-control studies is addressed when both exposure and confounding variables are jointly misclassified. Two scenarios are considered: the classification errors of exposure and confounding variables are independent or not independent. The bias-adjusted cell probability estimates which account for the misclassification bias are presented. The effect of misclassification on the measure of crude odds ratio either unstratified or stratified by the confounder, Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio, the confounding component in the crude odds ratio, the first and second order multiplicative interaction are assessed through the sensitivity analysis from using the data on the asthma deaths of 5-45 aged patients in New Zealand. Introduction Misclassification is a ubiquitous problem in epidemiologic studies. A 2 × 2 case-control study with a single exposure variable being misclassified has been thoroughly studied (Fleiss et al. the misclassification of a confounding factor has attracted less attention, although there are some important papers on this topic However, few papers address the issue when the study (or exposure) factor and the confounding factor are simultaneously misclassified. Most articles focused merely on the aspect that the confounding factor is misclassified. 192 Although Fung & Howe (1984) considered the joint misclassification of polytomous exposure and confounding variables, they do not provide the bias-adjusted estimator for the cell probability. Tzonou et al. (1986) investigates the effect of misclassification on the summary odds ratio in case-control studies in which both exposure and confounding variables are jointly misclassified. But they merely consider the scenario that the classification errors of the exposure and confounding factors are independent. Again, no bias-adjusted estimators are provided in their paper. The scenarios are addressed here in which the joint classification errors of the exposure and confounding factors are either independent or not independent. Below, necessary background materials are first reviewed. The misclassification probabilities are then defined. The formulas for all bias-adjusted measures of the effect caused by the joint misclassification of exposure and confounder are thus presented. A real-world data set is used as an example to illustrate how to calculate the misclassification probabilities by employing the counterfactual (or correctly classified) tables when the validation data are not available. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out for the admissible counterfactual tables. Let D, E, and C be three dichotomous variables, in which D denotes the subject's outcome (disease) variable (=1 if present, 0 otherwise), E the subject's exposure variable (= …
Designing IIR Digital All-Pass Filters by Successive Projections Method (Special Section of Papers Selected from ITC-CSCC '98)

A plastic bottle (10) formed from a preform (30) preferably having an unexpanded long neck (15) with the configuration and dimensions of the finished bottle (10) and an unexpanded handle (16) integral with and extending from the neck (15). The handle (16) includes a support ring (13) integral with the lower end of the neck (15) and an L-shape projection (22 and 24) extending therefrom. The bottle (10) also has an expanded portion (14 and 40) below the ring (13) including a recess (29) which centrally positions the handle (16) to facilitate lifting, carrying and pouring. In forming the bottle (10) in a preferred blow molding embodiment of the invention, the neck (15) remains constant in size while the handle support ring (13) positions and restricts movement of the preform (30) and the expandable portion (38) is blown to form the desired expanded shoulder and body (14 and 40).
Multi-layer Floorplanning on a Sequence of Reconfigurable Designs

Partial dynamic reconfiguration is an emerging area in FPGA designs which is used for saving device area and cost. In order to reduce the reconfiguration overhead, two consecutive similar sub-designs should be placed in the same locations to get the maximum reuse of common components. This requires that all the future designs be considered while floorplanning for any given design. In this work, we introduce a new multi-layer sequence pair representation based floorplanner that allows overlap of static and non-static components of multiple designs and guarantees a feasible overlapping floorplan with minimal area packing. The multi-layer sequence pair is an efficient representation that helps in reducing the total floorplan runtime significantly. It also improves the design quality of the whole sequence as floorplans of all the designs are simultaneously computed. In our experiments, compared to a traditional sequential floorplanner, our floorplanner removes infeasibility in many designs, achieves an improvement of clock period by 12% on average and reduces the place and route time by as much as 3 times. It also reduces the average wirelength by 50% in the designs. Our proposed floorplanner could be used for finding high quality floorplans for applications that use partial reconfiguration
Trends in Drug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii over a 10-year Period: Nationwide Data from the China Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Program

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen causing a variety of infections. Using data from the China Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Program conducted biennially, we investigated the secular changes in the resistance of 2917 isolates of A. baumannii from 2004 to 2014 to differ antimicrobial agents. Methods: Pathogen samples were collected from 17 to 20 hospitals located in the eastern, central, and western regions of China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a 2-fold agar dilution method, and antimicrobial susceptibility was established using the 2014 Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute-approved breakpoints. Isolates not susceptible to all the tested aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, &bgr;-lactams, &bgr;-lactam/&bgr;-lactam inhibitors and carbapenems were defined as extensively drug resistant. Results: The rates of nonsusceptibility to common antimicrobial agents remained high (>65%) over the years with some fluctuations to certain agents. The prevalence of imipenem-resistant A. baumannii (IRAB) increased from 13.3% in 2004 to 70.5% in 2014 and that of extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) increased from 11.1% in 2004 to 60.4% in 2014. The activity of tigecycline was stable with MIC90 ⩽4 mg/L against A. baumannii from 2009 to 2014. Susceptibility to colistin remained high (97.0%) from 2009 to 2014. The prevalence of XDRAB increased in all the three surveillance regions over the years and was significantly higher in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) wards than non-ICU wards. Conclusions: This longitudinal multicenter surveillance program revealed the nationwide emergence of A. baumannii in China and showed a significant increase in prevalence from 2004 to 2014. High levels of bacterial resistance were detected among samples collected from clinical settings in China, with IRAB and XDRAB being especially prevalent. This study will help to guide empirical therapy and identify at-risk groups requiring more intense interventional infection control measures, while also helping to focus surveillance efforts.
Preliminary results of prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in advanced primary larynx carcinomas and lymph node metastases

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in laryngeal carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological features. Special emphasis was placed on examining the relationship of PCNA expression in the primary tumour and PCNA expression in corresponding lymph node metastases obtained from the same patients. Material and methods The study included 60 patients with advanced larynx carcinoma who had received treatment and follow-up for at least 5 years. Sixty laryngeal carcinoma specimens and metastatic lymph nodes from 24 patients were examined for immunohistochemical PCNA expression. Results The percentages of PCNA positive cells were significantly higher in the primary tumours which developed lymph node metastases than in those without metastases. The fraction of PCNA immunolabelled cells in metastatic lymph nodes increased significantly when compared with the PCNA positive cell score in their corresponding primary tumours obtained from the same patient. There was a significant difference in PCNA index score in primary tumours between the group of patients who survived a 5-year period and those who died within 5 years after treatment. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that a high proliferation index in primary larynx tumours is retained and increased in corresponding lymph node metastases. Measurement of the fraction of cancer cells stained for PCNA in primary larynx carcinomas can be helpful in selecting tumours with high aggressiveness potential that are more likely to develop neck metastases and thereby in identifying patients who need elective lymph node dissection or additional treatment.
End-user feature engineering in the presence of class imbalance

Intelligent user interfaces, such as recommender systems and email classifiers, use machine learning algorithms to customize their behavior to the preferences of an end user. Although these learning systems are somewhat reliable, they are not perfectly accurate. Traditionally, end users who need to correct these learning systems can only provide more labeled training data. In this paper, we focus on incorporating new features suggested by the end user into machine learning systems. To investigate the effects of user-generated features on accuracy we developed an autocoding application that enables end users to assist a machine-learned program in coding a transcript by adding custom features. Our results show that adding usergenerated features to the machine learning algorithm can result in modest improvements to its F1 score. Further improvements are possible if the algorithm accounts for class imbalance in the training data and deals with lowquality user-generated features that add noise to the learning algorithm. We show that addressing class imbalance improves performance to an extent but improving the quality of features brings about the most beneficial change. Finally, we discuss changes to the user interface that can help end users avoid the creation of lowquality features. Author Keywords Feature engineering, class imbalance, end-user programming, machine learning.