Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screw dislocations in the field theory of elastoplasticity

A (microscopic) static elastoplastic field theory of dislocations with moment and force stresses is considered. The relationship between the moment stress and the Nye tensor is used for the dislocation Lagrangian. We discuss the stress field of an infinitely long screw dislocation in a cylinder, a dipole of screw dislocations and a coaxial screw dislocation in a finite cylinder. The stress fields have no singularities in the dislocation core and they are modified in the core due to the presence of localized moment stress. Additionally, we calculated the elastoplastic energies for the screw dislocation in a cylinder and the coaxial screw dislocation. For the coaxial screw dislocation we find a modified formula for the so‐called Eshelby twist which depends on a specific intrinsic material length.
Flavor Pairing in Medieval European Cuisine: A Study in Cooking with Dirty Data

An important part of cooking with computers is using statistical methods to create new, flavorful ingredient combinations. The flavor pairing hypothesis states that culinary ingredients with common chemical flavor components combine well to produce pleasant dishes. It has been recently shown that this design principle is a basis for modern Western cuisine and is reversed for Asian cuisine. Such data-driven analysis compares the chemistry of ingredients to ingredient sets found in recipes. However, analytics-based generation of novel flavor profiles can only be as good as the underlying chemical and recipe data. Incomplete, inaccurate, and irrelevant data may degrade flavor pairing inferences. Chemical data on flavor compounds is incomplete due to the nature of the experiments that must be conducted to obtain it. Recipe data may have issues due to text parsing errors, imprecision in textual descriptions of ingredients, and the fact that the same ingredient may be known by different names in different recipes. Moreover, the process of matching ingredients in chemical data and recipe data may be fraught with mistakes. Much of the `dirtiness' of the data cannot be cleansed even with manual curation. In this work, we collect a new data set of recipes from Medieval Europe before the Columbian Exchange and investigate the flavor pairing hypothesis historically. To investigate the role of data incompleteness and error as part of this hypothesis testing, we use two separate chemical compound data sets with different levels of cleanliness. Notably, the different data sets give conflicting conclusions about the flavor pairing hypothesis in Medieval Europe. As a contribution towards social science, we obtain inferences about the evolution of culinary arts when many new ingredients are suddenly made available.
Argenta Clinical Classification of Deformational Plagiocephaly

Introduction:A stratification system is useful in deformational plagiocephaly (DP) to help categorize patients and reproduce a consistent treatment strategy. The Argenta classification is a clinical 5-point scale for unilateral DP and 3-point scale for central DP (CDP). Methods:A retrospective review was completed for patients with DP and classified using the Argenta clinical classification by plastic surgeons at a tertiary medical center over a 12-year period. Results:In the 4483 patients, type III was the most prevalent DP type (42%) followed by II, IV, I, and V. Within CDP, VIB was the most common (6%) followed by VIA and VIC. Right-sided DP (56.8%) was more common than left-sided (28.3%) and bilateral (20.4%) (P < 0.0001). For treatment, 89.8% used molding helmet therapy, 9.3% used positioning only, and 0.4% used sock hat. Helmet use increased with increasing type to 98% with type V. In CDP, there was a significant increase in helmet use between VIA and VIB, but helmet use decreased in VIC. There was a higher rate of positioning only in types I, II, and VIA, which diminished as severity increased. Deformational plagiocephaly corrected to type I or 0 in 83.5% of the patients with the highest correction rate in type I (90.7%). Mean age of correction was 11.4 months and time to correction was 5.7 months. Both significantly increased with severity of type in the patients with DP but not in those with CDP. Conclusions:The Argenta classification scale allows reliable evaluation for cranial deformities and may help predict the optimal type duration of treatment.
Novel domains in the hnRNP G/RBMX protein with distinct roles in RNA binding and targeting nascent transcripts

The heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G (hnRNP G) controls the alternative splicing of several pre-mRNAs. While hnRNP G displays an amino terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), we find that this motif is paradoxically not implicated in the recruitment of hnRNP G to nascent transcripts in amphibian oocytes. In fact, a deletion analysis revealed that targeting of hnRNP G to active transcription units depends on another domain, centrally positioned, and consisting of residues 186-236. We show that this domain acts autonomously and thus is named NTD for nascent transcripts targeting domain. Furthermore, using an RNA probe previously characterized in vitro as an RNA that interacts specifically with hnRNP G, we demonstrate a new auxiliary RNA binding domain (RBD). It corresponds to a short region of 58 residues positioned at the carboxyl terminal end of the protein, which recognizes an RNA motif predicted to adopt an hairpin structure. The fact that the NTD acts independently from both the RRM and the RBD strongly suggests that the initial recruitment of hnRNP G to nascent pre-mRNAs is independent of its sequence-specific RNA binding properties. Together, these findings highlight the modular organization of hnRNP G and offer new insights into its multifunctional roles.
Phase Transitions in Complex Network Dynamics

Title of dissertation: PHASE TRANSITIONS IN COMPLEX NETWORK DYNAMICS Shane Squires, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Dissertation directed by: Professor Michelle Girvan Department of Physics Two phase transitions in complex networks are analyzed. The first of these is a percolation transition, in which the network develops a macroscopic connected component as edges are added to it. Recent work has shown that if edges are added “competitively” to an undirected network, the onset of percolation is abrupt or “explosive. ” A new variant of explosive percolation is introduced here for directed networks, whose critical behavior is explored using numerical simulations and finitesize scaling theory. This process is also characterized by a very rapid percolation transition, but it is not as sudden as in undirected networks. The second phase transition considered here is the emergence of instability in Boolean networks, a class of dynamical systems that are widely used to model gene regulation. The dynamics, which are determined by the network topology and a set of update rules, may be either stable or unstable, meaning that small perturbations to the state of the network either die out or grow to become macroscopic. Here, this transition is analytically mapped onto a well-studied percolation problem, which can be used to predict the average steady-state distance between perturbed and unperturbed trajectories. This map applies to specific Boolean networks with few restrictions on network topology, but can only be applied to two commonly used types of update rules. Finally, a method is introduced for predicting the stability of Boolean networks with a much broader range of update rules. The network is assumed to have a given complex topology, subject only to a locally tree-like condition, and the update rules may be correlated with topological features of the network. While past work has addressed the separate effects of topology and update rules on stability, the present results are the first widely applicable approach to studying how these effects interact. Numerical simulations agree with the theory and show that such correlations between topology and update rules can have profound effects on the qualitative behavior of these systems. PHASE TRANSITIONS IN COMPLEX NETWORK DYNAMICS
To greener pastures : transnational teacher migration from South Africa : research article

Globalisation of the world economy has intensified migration in the twenty-first century. Professionals are vulnerable to transnational migration and the trend is for professionals from developing countries to fill labour gaps in developed countries. South Africa's (SA) inclusion in the world labour market suggests that she is not immune. She is losing workers in five fields: health, teaching, engineering, accounting and information technology. Whilst, research has focused on migration in health and science there is a dearth of literature on teacher migration. This article provides a discussion of migrant teacher heterogeneity and complexity of their thinking by focusing on the migration of South African teachers to the United Kingdom (UK) and their return. Three aspects of teacher migration are discussed: teachers' motivations for leaving SA, their experiences in the UK and their reasons for returning. The study revealed two cohorts of teachers leaving SA to pursue socio-economic and career opportunities abroad. In the UK migrants were bombarded by conflicting experiences in schools and society. Poor student discipline, loneliness and climate led to a stream of return migration, but within a year remigration was being considered. The article concludes by calling for further research to contribute to a greater understanding of teacher migration.
An Exploratory Study of Transgender New Yorkers' Use of Sexual Health Services and Interest in Receiving Services at Planned Parenthood of New York City

Abstract Purpose: Transgender individuals experience barriers to healthcare, including discrimination in care provision and lack of knowledge about transgender health. We assessed New York City (NYC) transgender and gender nonconforming individuals' sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs, access to services, and interest in receiving services from Planned Parenthood of NYC (PPNYC). Methods: We conducted an anonymous Internet-based survey of transgender individuals residing in NYC from September to December 2014 by using snowball sampling. Results: Data were analyzed from 113 surveys. Although 74% (71/96) of respondents avoided or delayed healthcare in the past year, most respondents adhered to medically indicated SRH screenings. In the past year, 64% (45/70) and 67% (46/69) of respondents were tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, respectively. In the past 3 years, 80% (39/49) of respondents received clinical breast/chest examinations and 83% (35/42) of eligible individuals received Pap tests. Respondents most often received care at LGBT specialty clinics (35% [37/105]) or at private doctors' offices (31% [32/105]). Eighteen percent (19/107) had ever been to a Planned Parenthood health center. On a four-point scale, respondents rated the following factors as most influential on whether they would seek care at PPNYC: assurance that staff received transsensitivity training (mean 3.8), the existence of gender identity nondiscrimination policies (mean 3.7), and the availability of transgender-specific services, such as hormone therapy (mean 3.7). Conclusions: Although the majority of transgender individuals in our sample received recommended SRH screenings, respondents reported barriers to accessing needed medical care. Healthcare organizations interested in better serving the transgender community should ensure a high level of training around transsensitivity and explore the provision of transgender-specific services.
The absolute necessity for a working model to support pre-service teachers of a non-English speaking background

With universities seeking to increase their enrolment of international students, and the increasingly diverse domestic market, it is not surprising that researchers’ interest has turned to the impact of a diverse university population. The focus of this paper is a model that has been implemented to enable higher levels of achievement on the professional experience or practicum component of a teacher preparation programme at The University of Queensland, Australia. The participants were students from backgrounds that were non-English speaking. The programme has been provided since the academic year beginning January 2004 and has sparked interest in transferring the model to other areas of the university. While the study was conducted in Australia, the issues it raises, and the model developed, appear to be applicable to any programme on offer in any university with culturally and linguistically diverse students.
Global responsibility through consumption

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to question the possible reach of anti‐brand movements and, by extension, those movements that criticize capitalism via consumption, in order to reflect on the impasse in critique, given the new formats that capitalism has assumed.Design/methodology/approach – This paper takes as the object of its analysis the book No Logo and it is supported by qualitative research into the production of the discourse about the responsible consumer in the business media, as well as in books and articles published about the assimilation of resistance, and especially about anti‐consumption and anti‐brand movements.Findings – The relationship between the empirical findings of the research − the production of the responsible consumption discourse, in the period before, and after the anti‐brand movements – and theoretical articles about empowerment and consumer accountability in the modern day shows how the assimilation of resistance occurred, via the responsible consumption discourse and.
The Effects of Verbalization on Face Recognition in Young and Older Adults

The combination bookmark and writing instrument holder includes a generally planar marking strip and an integrally molded retaining clip at one end of the marking strip. In the preferred embodiment, the retaining clip includes a pair of generally symmetrical, outwardly jaws that together present a writing instrument retaining channel. The channel includes a writing instrument retaining portion, and an outwardly flared mouth portion for guiding the writing instrument into the retaining portion.
Wallstent deployment to salvage dialysis graft thrombolysis complicated by venous rupture: early and intermediate results.

OBJECTIVE The feasibility of deploying Wallstents to treat venous rupture occurring during dialysis graft thrombolysis was determined. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Between June 24, 1994, and February 19, 1997, 23 patients with venous rupture attributed to balloon angioplasty during dialysis graft thrombolysis were treated by Wallstent deployment across the area of rupture. Twenty-one ruptures occurred in peripheral veins and two occurred in central veins. Follow-up was provided by the clinical service at our institution and by electronic review of patients' charts. RESULTS Stent placement allowed completion of graft thrombolysis in all 23 patients. Complications were limited to four moderate-sized hematomas of the arm, and a single pseudoaneurysm developed 6 months after stent placement in one 27-year-old patient. The primary patency rate of stents was 52% at 60 days, 26% at 180 days, and 11% at 360 days. The secondary patency rate was 74% at 60 days, 65% at 180 days, and 56% at 360 days. CONCLUSION Treatment of venous ruptures using Wallstents is a safe alternative to intentional graft thrombosis. The patency rates of these devices are similar to those of venous stents placed for other indications.
New Combinational Assay Using Soluble Fibrin and D-Dimer Determinations: A Promising Strategy for Identifying Patients with Suspected Venous Thromboembolism

Aim To establish a new and reliable assay for quantification of the soluble fibrin (SF) in combination with that of D-dimer for early diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Methods and Samples The SF assay is based on D-dimer generated after incubation of plasma with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). SF and standard D-dimer assays, run in blind, were used to test 119 untreated outpatients with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis (DVT, 49 patients) or pulmonary embolism (PE, 70 patients) consulting at the emergency unit of the hospital. Thromboses were confirmed by current imaging methods such as ultrasonography, scintigraphy, computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and ventilation/perfusion scan. Results SF assay was validated in 270 healthy volunteers [51.8% males; mean age years ± SD: 41±13; age range 19 to 65]. Among these normal plasmas, SF levels were ≤200 ng/mL in 97.8% of them, and 200–250 ng/mL in the remainder [26–46 years old; 50% males]. ROC curves were used to determine the SF cut-off value for plasma SF positivity, which was found to be 300 ng/mL. In patients with suspected venous thromboembolism, SF sensitivities for DVT and PE (92% and 94%, respectively) were comparable to those of D-dimer (96% and 94%), whereas SF specificities (86% and 95%) were higher than those of D-dimer (50% and 54%). Positive-predictive values for SF (89% and 94%) were again higher than those of D-dimer (70% and 65%) in DVT and PE. The amount of circulating SF normalized rapidly after anticoagulant therapy. Conclusion Results from this small group of patients suggest that the evaluation of plasma SF, in combination with that of D-dimer, represents a potentially useful tool for the early diagnosis of venous thromboembolism, provided that the patients have not been treated previously by anticoagulants.
Treatment strategies in severe symptomatic carotid and coronary artery disease

Summary Coexistent carotid artery stenosis (CS) and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is not infrequent. One in 5 patients with multivessel CAD has a severe CS, and CAD incidence reaches 80% in those referred for carotid revascularization. We reviewed treatment strategies for concomitant severe CS and CAD. We performed a literature search (MEDLINE) with terms including carotid artery stenting (CAS), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). The main therapeutic option for CS-CAD has been (simultaneous or staged) CEA-CABG. This, however, is associated with a high risk of MI (in those with CEA prior to CABG) or stroke (CABG prior to CEA), and the cumulative major adverse event rate (MAE – death, stroke or MI) reaches 10–12%. With increasing adoption of CAS, a sequential strategy of CAS followed by CABG has emerged. Registries (usually single-centre) indicate an MAE rate of ≈7% for CAS followed by CABG (frequently after >30 days, due to double antiplatelet therapy). Recently, 1-stage CAS-CABG has been introduced. This involves different antiplatelet regimens and, in some centers, preferred off-pump CABG, with a cumulative MAE of 1.4–4.5%. No randomized trial comparing different treatment strategies in CS-CAD has been conducted, and thus far reported series are prone to selection/reporting bias. In addition to the established surgical treatment (CEA-CABG, sequential/simultaneous), hybrid revascularization (CAS-CABG) is emerging as a viable therapeutic option. Larger, preferably multi-centre, studies are required before this can become widely applied.
Decentralized Q-Learning for Stochastic Teams and Games

There are only a few learning algorithms applicable to stochastic dynamic teams and games which generalize Markov decision processes to decentralized stochastic control problems involving possibly self-interested decision makers. Learning in games is generally difficult because of the non-stationary environment in which each decision maker aims to learn its optimal decisions with minimal information in the presence of the other decision makers who are also learning. In stochastic dynamic games, learning is more challenging because, while learning, the decision makers alter the state of the system and hence the future cost. In this paper, we present decentralized Q-learning algorithms for stochastic games, and study their convergence for the weakly acyclic case which includes team problems as an important special case. The algorithms are decentralized in that each decision maker has access only to its own decisions and cost realizations as well as the state transitions; in particular, each decision maker is completely oblivious to the presence of the other decision makers. We show that these algorithms converge to equilibrium policies almost surely in large classes of stochastic games.
DEVS GRAPHICAL SPECIFICATION TO CODE GENERATION

The paper presents an approach to generate automatically code from DEVS graphical model specifications. The generated DEVS models code is given afterward to the LSIS_DME DEVS simulator to execute the corresponding behavior. The user, even beginner in DEVS modeling, increases his trust in simulation results due to the fact he is not interfaced with an intermediate actor (modeler or programmer) that would interpret user requirements in the modeling and simulation activities. Using appropriate graphical items, the user is capable to develop his own DEVS models, to carry out simulations and to analyze them.
Knee Contact Force Asymmetries in Patients Who Failed Return-to-Sport Readiness Criteria 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, contact forces are decreased in the injured knee when compared with the uninjured knee. The persistence of contact force asymmetries after ACL reconstruction may increase the risk of reinjury and may play an important role in the development of knee osteoarthritis in these patients. Functional performance may also be useful in identifying patients who demonstrate potentially harmful joint contact force asymmetries after ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis: Knee joint contact force asymmetries would be present during gait after ACL reconstruction, and performance on a specific set of validated return-to-sport (RTS) readiness criteria would discriminate between those who demonstrated contact force asymmetries and those who did not. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 29 patients with ACL ruptures participated in gait analysis and RTS readiness testing 6 months after reconstruction. Muscle and joint contact forces were estimated using an electromyography (EMG)–driven musculoskeletal model of the knee. The magnitude of typical limb asymmetry in uninjured controls was used to define limits of meaningful limb asymmetry in patients after ACL reconstruction. The RTS testing included isometric quadriceps strength testing, 4 unilateral hop tests, and 2 self-report questionnaires. Paired t tests were used to assess limb symmetry for peak medial and tibiofemoral contact forces in all patients, and a mixed-design analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of passing or failing RTS testing on contact force asymmetry. Results: Among all patients, neither statistically significant nor meaningful contact force asymmetries were identified. However, patients who failed RTS testing exhibited meaningful contact force asymmetries, with tibiofemoral contact force being significantly lower for the involved knee. Conversely, patients who passed RTS testing exhibited neither significant nor meaningful contact force asymmetries. Conclusion: Joint contact force asymmetries during gait are present in some patients 6 months after ACL reconstruction. Patients who demonstrated poor functional performance on RTS readiness testing exhibited significant and meaningful contact force asymmetries. Clinical Relevance: When assessing all patients together, variability in the functional status obscured significant and meaningful differences in contact force asymmetry in patients 6 months after ACL reconstruction. These specific RTS readiness criteria appear to differentiate between those who demonstrate joint contact force symmetry after ACL reconstruction and those who do not.