Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of suicidal ideation for adolescents by gender.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the differences in suicidal ideation and psychological variables by gender, 2) compare the contribution of demographic-behavioral variables and psychosocial variables in explaining the variance in suicidal ideation, and 3) identify the most important predictors of suicidal ideation for male adolescents and female adolescents. METHODS The subjects consisted of 271 male adolescents and 230 female adolescents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to include SSI-C, DEP subscale of the SCL-90-R, PACI, and SWLS. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS Suicidal ideation differed by gender. Depression and family communication differed by gender. The unique contribution of demographic-behavioral variables and psychosocial variables in explaining the variance in suicidal ideation differed between male adolescents and female adolescents. The significant predictors of suicidal ideation for male adolescents were life satisfaction, depression, and family communication, explaining 28% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The significant predictors of suicidal ideation for female adolescents were depression, smoking, and life satisfaction, explaining 38% of the variance in suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that the approach to effective suicide prevention program for adolescents should consider gender differences.
Scaling of plate-tectonic convection with pseudoplastic rheology

The scaling of plate-tectonic convection is investigated by simulating thermal convection with pseudoplastic rheology and strongly temperature-dependent viscosity. The effect of mantle melting is also explored with additional depth-dependent viscosity. Heat-flow scaling can be constructed with only two parameters, the internal Rayleigh number and the lithospheric viscosity contrast, the latter of which is determined entirely by rheological properties. The critical viscosity contrast for the transition between plate-tectonic and stagnant-lid convection is found to be proportional to the square root of the internal Rayleigh number. The relation between mantle temperature and surface heat flux on Earth is discussed on the basis of these scaling laws, and the inverse relationship between them, as previously suggested from the consideration of global energy balance, is confirmed by this fully dynamic approach. In the presence of surface water to reduce the effective friction coefficient, the operation of plate tectonics is suggested to be plausible throughout the Earth history.
Adapting Local Features for Face Detection in Thermal Image

A thermal camera captures the temperature distribution of a scene as a thermal image. In thermal images, facial appearances of different people under different lighting conditions are similar. This is because facial temperature distribution is generally constant and not affected by lighting condition. This similarity in face appearances is advantageous for face detection. To detect faces in thermal images, cascade classifiers with Haar-like features are generally used. However, there are few studies exploring the local features for face detection in thermal images. In this paper, we introduce two approaches relying on local features for face detection in thermal images. First, we create new feature types by extending Multi-Block LBP. We consider a margin around the reference and the generally constant distribution of facial temperature. In this way, we make the features more robust to image noise and more effective for face detection in thermal images. Second, we propose an AdaBoost-based training method to get cascade classifiers with multiple types of local features. These feature types have different advantages. In this way we enhance the description power of local features. We did a hold-out validation experiment and a field experiment. In the hold-out validation experiment, we captured a dataset from 20 participants, comprising 14 males and 6 females. For each participant, we captured 420 images with 10 variations in camera distance, 21 poses, and 2 appearances (participant with/without glasses). We compared the performance of cascade classifiers trained by different sets of the features. The experiment results showed that the proposed approaches effectively improve the performance of face detection in thermal images. In the field experiment, we compared the face detection performance in realistic scenes using thermal and RGB images, and gave discussion based on the results.
Making differences and reflecting on diversities: embodied nationality among preschool children

This paper focuses on embodied practices in processes of nationalization among preschool children at the age of 6. It analyses how children define themselves and others, how they characterize and frame Finnishness through embodiment. The analysis is based on an ethnographic study in two preschool classes. It is argued that nationality works in a gendered way as a source of inclusion and exclusion in children’s peer relations: those children who manage to perform Finnishness by continuously proving their cultural flexibility through ‘proper’ embodiment are included more fluently. The analysis suggests that, particularly in the context of Finland, where cultural diversity is only recently recognized, multiculturalism as a pedagogical framework is insufficient for the promotion of equality in education.
Biochemical properties of soil contaminated by petrol.

In this experiment the effects of lead and lead-free petrol applied at the following doses of: 0, 2, 4 and 6 cm 3 • kg' 1 of soil on growth and development of triticale and biochemical properties of the soil were studied. For detoxication of petrol organic amendment with barley straw was applied. The experiment was performed in two experimental series with and without triticale cover. It was found that soil contamination by petrol adversely affected growth and development of tested crops. Barley straw appeared to be ineffective in detoxication of the contaminated soil. Lead and lead-free petrol (irrespective of plant cover and application of straw) adversely affected activity of soil dehydrogenases and urease. Straw application and growing of triticale positively affected biochemical properties of the soil. These positive effects were diminished by petrol, irrespective of the lead addition. Biochemical index of soil fertility calculated on the basis of enzymatic activity and carbon content was negatively correlated with the level of soil contamination by petrol and positively with triticale yield.
Developing Citizens for Democracy? Assessing Opportunities to Learn in Chicago's Social Studies Classrooms

Abstract This study examined the “opportunities to learn” related to the democratic purposes of schooling that students receive in eighth, ninth, and tenth grade social studies classrooms. We identified five prominent frameworks linking curricular strategies to the preparation of citizens for a democratic society. We then created rubrics that reflected these conceptions and used these rubrics to code observations of 135 social studies classrooms in Chicago. We found that students in this representative sample of social studies classrooms received an alarming lack of opportunities to develop the kinds of capacities democratic theorists believe are important. We also found that when teachers provided students with more and varied opportunities to develop as citizens, that they simultaneously provided significantly more opportunities for higher order thinking and for deep and disciplined inquiry. Finally, we found that when eighth grade teachers were preparing students for the State-mandated constitution test (the state requirement most explicitly linked to civic goals), they provided significantly fewer opportunities related to developing citizens than when they focused on other eighth grade curriculum.
Toward a Resolution of Inconsistencies in the Phonological Deficit Theory of Reading Disorders

This study examined whether high- and low-IQ poor readers differed in patterns of reading performance. Ten-year-old poor readers with IQ scores of 110 and higher showed difficulty in taking a phonological approach to reading, failing to show an advantage in reading highfrequency regular versus irregular words and showing impaired nonword reading accuracy for their reading age. However, poor readers with IQ scores of 90 and below showed a more phonological approach to reading, with better reading of regular than irregular words of both high and low frequency, and with nonword reading skills slower than, but as accurate as, those of reading-age controls. We concluded that the high-IQ poor readers experienced difficulty in taking a phonological approach to reading, whereas the low-IQ poor readers had much less marked phonological problems, supporting Stanovich's phonological-core variable-difference model.
Psychosocial Issues of Women with Physical Disabilities

Rehabilitation and disability related research has only recently begun to examine the complex interaction of gender and disability. Women with disabilities experience the double impact of being female and disabled. As women, they have greater risks of psychosocial health problems than do men. As persons with disabilities, they may be even more vulnerable to these gender disparities; for example, compared to women in general, women with disabilities report higher rates of depression and stress. This article describes a new and promising body of research. We offer evidence that corrects any misunderstandings held by rehabilitation specialists that the psychosocial experiences of women with disabilities can be explained by research conducted on men with disabilities or women in general. Clinically and empirically based gender-driven recommendations are offered for research and practice.
Comparison of tissue plasminogen activator-antibiotic locks with heparin-antibiotic locks in children with catheter-related bacteraemia.

BACKGROUND An accepted pathogenesis of catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) is the seeding of microorganisms from the intraluminal biofilm of central venous catheters. Antibiotic locks (ABL) are solutions containing high concentrations of antimicrobials with or without anticoagulants that aim to destroy the biofilm. METHODS In this study, two different ABL solutions, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)-based and heparin-based ABL, used in conjunction with systemic antibiotics, were prospectively compared in the treatment of CRB. RESULTS A total of 42 children on chronic haemodialysis with 11,016 catheter-days were observed for signs and symptoms of CRB over a period of 10 months. Twenty-four CRBs were diagnosed in 18 children (2.2 CRB/1000 catheter-days) and were treated with the protocol. Symptoms of CRB resolved in 83% within 48 h of treatment. None of the infected catheters required early emergent exchange or removal for poorly controlled CRB. Six children had recurrence of CRB within 6 weeks, of which four required catheter exchange. There was no specific microorganism or type of CRB that predisposed to higher recurrence rates. The mean infection-free survival of the catheters following TPA-ABL treatment was shorter than that following heparin-ABL treatment, but was not statistically significant by the log-rank test (126.8 +/- 81.6 days versus 154.5 +/- 70.4 days). CONCLUSION Both TPA-ABL and heparin-ABL used in conjunction with systemic antibiotics can effectively clear CRB without significant late recurrence at 6 weeks. Early use of ABL for management of CRB can potentially decrease the need for catheter removal, thus salvaging vascular access sites.
Security Beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics

To date, most discussion of security privatization in international politics has been focused on the role of private military companies and mercenaries. This article seeks to shift the focus away from the battlefields and toward the less spectacular privatization and globalization of commercial private security. Drawing on Saskia Sassen’s notion of state ‘‘disassembly,’’ we situate the growth of private security within broader shifts in global governance. Pointing to the weakness of seeing the rise of private security as an erosion of state power and authority, we show instead a re-articulation of the public ⁄private and global ⁄local distinctions and relationships into what we term ‘‘global security assemblages. ’’ Analyzing the role of private security in two such assemblages in Sierra Leone and Nigeria, we show how a range of different security agents and normativities interact, cooperate and compete, to produce new institutions, practices and forms of security governance. Global security assemblages thus mark important developments in the relationship between security and the sovereign state, structures of political power and authority, and the operations of global capital. Spurred by the apparent return of mercenary activities in Africa at the end of the Cold War, and given further impetus and urgency by the substantial involvement of private military contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq, the privatization of security has become one of the most controversial issues in contemporary international politics. Once obscure companies such as Blackwater, Triple Canopy, and Erinys have joined with tales of ‘‘neo-mercenaries’’ like Executive Outcomes in Sierra Leone and Simon Mann’s attempted coup in Equatorial Guinea in 2004, to become the focus of widespread journalistic coverage, increasingly sophisticated scholarly analysis, as well as popular books, entertainment and Hollywood films. Yet the privatization of security and its consequences go well beyond the activities of the private soldier. Away from the battlefields, in the day-to-day activities of ordinary life, private security has also become ubiquitous. Less spectacular than the ‘‘return of the dogs of war,’’ commercial private security activities, ranging from manned guarding and alarm installation, to risk analysis and surveillance, have expanded at a phenomenal rate. Worldwide, the commercial private security market is now valued at $165 billion, and its growth is forecast to continue at an annual rate of 8% for the foreseeable future (Securitas 2007). Indeed, what was once described as a ‘‘quiet revolution’’ in security provision has become global in scope (Shearing and Stenning 1981).
Parenting with PTSD: A Review of Research on the Influence of PTSD on Parent-Child Functioning in Military and Veteran Families

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is strongly associated with exposure to war related trauma in military and veteran populations. In growing recognition that PTSD may influence and be influenced by social support and family systems, research has begun to explore the effects that war related trauma and the ensuing PTSD may have on varied aspects of close relationship and family functioning. Far less research, however, has examined the influence of war-related PTSD on parent-child functioning in this population. This paper provides a timely review of emergent literature to examine the impacts that PTSD may have on parenting behaviors and children’s outcomes with a focus on studies of military and veterans of international conflicts since post-9/11. The review sheds light on the pathways through which PTSD may impact parent-child relationships, and proposes the cognitive-behavioral interpersonal theory of PTSD as a theoretical formulation and extends this to parenting/children. The review identifies the strengths and limitations in the extant research and proposes directions for future research and methodological practice to better capture the complex interplay of PTSD and parenting in military and veteran families.
Amicus Curiae Briefs and the U.S. Supreme Court: When Liberal and Conservative Groups Support the Same Party

Abstract I examine patterns of amicus curiae participation before the U.S. Supreme Court for six terms, OT2007–OT2012. I explore the interesting phenomenon of liberal and conservative group participation on the same side of a case, and I hypothesize that when this occurs, the Court is more likely to vote in favor of the party supported by these groups. I control for the impact of other factors that may influence the Court to side with a party, including the party is the U.S.; the U.S. appears as amicus curiae for that party; number of amicus briefs on behalf of the party relative to its opponent; and the ideological direction of the decision in the court below that is on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Action identification in the emergence of social behavior.

Emergent action occurs when people find themselves doing something they did not set out to do. According to action identification theory, such action will ensue when people concentrate on the details of an act and then are exposed to information suggesting that the act can be identified in a new way. This prediction was tested in two experiments on the emergence of social behavior. In the first, subjects who identified the act of “participating in an experiment” in terms of its details were found to be more susceptible than others to suggestions that they were “helping” or “being selfish. ” These subjects continued their emergent action by choosing to participate in subsequent activities consistent with the emergent act identity. The second experiment offered a bogus “computer personality analysis” to subjects, indicating that they were either cooperative or competitive. Those subjects who had initially described their behaviors for analysis at a detailed level, as compared to those who had described their.
MOSAIC: Mask optimizing solution with process window aware inverse correction

Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) has been widely adopted for resolution enhancement to achieve nanolithography. However, conventional rule-based and model-based OPCs encounter severe difficulties at advanced technology nodes. Inverse Lithography Technique (ILT) that solves the inverse problem of the imaging system becomes a promising solution for OPC. In this paper, we consider simultaneously 1) the design target optimization under nominal process condition and 2) process window minimization with different process corners, and solve the mask optimization problem based on ILT. The proposed method is tested on 32nm designs released by IBM for the ICCAD 2013 contest. Our optimization is implemented in two modes, MOSAIC_fast and MOSAIC_exact, which outperform the first place winner of the ICCAD 2013 contest by 7% and 11%, respectively.
Making culturally responsive mathematics teaching explicit: a lesson analysis tool

In the United States, there is a need for pedagogical tools that help teachers develop essential pedagogical content knowledge and practices to meet the mathematical education needs of a growing culturally and linguistically diverse student population. In this article, we introduce an innovative lesson analysis tool that focuses on integrating mathematical thinking, language, culture, and social justice. We argue that these are essential components to culturally responsive mathematics teaching. Using data collected from a 3-year professional development initiative focused on culturally responsive mathematics teaching including teacher discussions, lesson artefacts, and interviews, the study yields two main results about the tool and its impact on teacher thinking: (1) the tool enabled teachers to systematically analyse and critique mathematics lessons with multiple dimensions including mathematical thinking, language, culture, and social justice; (2) the tool fostered purposeful pedagogical dialogue to improve a mathematics lesson along specific culturally responsive dimensions. The findings illustrate the potential of this tool to engage teachers in strategic lesson planning and purposeful discussions to make mathematics lessons culturally responsive and improve the quality of mathematics teaching in the classroom.
What do we know?

Role and effects:  CEs/AEs transfer large amounts of heat, mass, momentum and biogeochemical properties from their regions of formation to remote areas where they impact budgets of the tracers and influence the ocean-atmosphere interactions and  the vertical movements observed in the interior of CEs/AEs can transport, mix and vertically redistribute these tracers and impact their global budgets [Falkowski et al.  Through the physical and biological environments can impact the whole marine ecosystem from plankton distribution to higher trophic levels [Bakun, 2006,
Appearances Can Be Deceiving: Lessons Learned Re-Implementing Axelrod's 'Evolutionary Approach to Norms'

In this paper we try to replicate the simulation results reported by Axelrod (1986) in an influential paper on the evolution of social norms. Our study shows that Axelrod's results are not as reliable as one would desire. We can obtain the opposite results by running the model for longer, by slightly modifying some of the parameters, or by changing some arbitrary assumptions in the model. This re-implementation exercise illustrates the importance of running stochastic simulations several times for many periods, exploring the parameter space adequately, complementing simulation with analytical work, and being aware of the scope of our simulation models.
Improvement of patient compliance after switching from conventional neuroleptics to the atypical neuroleptic amisulpride

Medication noncompliance of schizophrenic outpatients is an important problem in clinical practice, causing relapse and illness deterioration. Because atypical neuroleptics have, in controlled clinical studies, been shown to be better tolerated and accepted by patients, the question is whether switching from conventional to atypical neuroleptics such as amisulpride can increase patient compliance also under conditions of routine care. In a drug utilization observation study 570 schizophrenic outpatients, who had been pretreated with conventional neuroleptics and then been switched for individual clinical reasons to amisulpride, were observed for 3 months. Sociodemographic, illness and treatment related variables (e.g. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, side effects), patients' subjective attitudes, and premedication and treatment compliance were assessed using standardized instruments. A total of 43.7% were rated as being noncompliant with the premedication, while 85.8% were rated as compliant after being switched to amisulpride, including 82.7% of the former noncompliant patients. Patients who had become compliant showed a signicantly better psychopathological status after 3 months as compared to still noncompliant patients, including a lower rate of inpatient stays. Switching noncompliant patients from conventional to atypical neuroleptics like amisulpride can improve patient compliance and psychopathology under conditions of routine treatment.
Psychological Type and Biblical Interpretation among Anglican Clergy in the UK

A questionnaire measuring psychological type preferences and biblical interpretation was completed by 364 male and 354 female clergy ordained in the Anglican Church in the United Kingdom from 2004 to 2007. Preferences among the perceiving functions (sensing versus intuition) and among the judging functions (feeling versus thinking) were assessed using the Francis Psychological Type Scales. Biblical interpretation was assessed by asking respondents to read a healing story from Mark 9:14-29 and then to choose between interpretative statements designed to appeal to particular psychological type preferences. After controlling for differences in biblical conservatism, preference for interpretation was correlated with psychological function preference in both the perceiving and the judging processes. This confirms and expands a similar finding previously reported from a smaller sample of Anglican lay people.