Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the spreading of impacting drops

The energy budget and dissipation mechanisms during droplet impact on solid surfaces are studied numerically and theoretically. We find that for high impact velocities and negligible surface friction at the solid surface (i.e. free slip), approximately one-half of the initial kinetic energy is transformed into surface energy, independent of the impact parameters and the detailed energy loss mechanism(s). We argue that this seemingly universal rule is related to the deformation mode of the droplet and is reminiscent of pipe flow undergoing a sudden expansion, for which the head loss can be calculated by multiplying the kinetic energy of the incoming flow by a geometrical factor. For impacts on a no-slip surface also dissipation in the shear boundary layer at the solid surface is important. In this case the geometric head loss acts as a lower bound on the total dissipation (i.e. the spreading on a no-slip surface approaches that on a free-slip surface when the droplet viscosity is sent to zero). This new view on the impact problem allows for simple analytical estimates of the maximum spreading diameter of impacting drops as a function of the impact parameters and the properties of the solid surface. It bridges the gap between previous momentum balance approaches and energy balance approaches, which hitherto did not give consistent predictions in the low viscosity limit. Good agreement is found between our models and experiments, both for impacts on ‘slippery’ or lubricated surfaces (e.g. Leidenfrost droplet impacts and head-on droplet–droplet collisions) and for impacts on no-slip surfaces.
Organizational Goals versus the Dominant Coalition: A Critical View of the Value of Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Organizational citizenship behavior is believed to promote organizational goals. However, it is unlikely that all organizational citizenship behavior supports organizational goals. Because citizenship behavior is not formally mandated by the organization, such behavior is influenced by informal forces within and around the organization. This article presents a critical view of organizational citizenship behavior by examining the influence of informal power sources, such as the dominant coalition, on citizenship behavior. Future research implications and practitioner suggestions are discussed.
The Impact of National Institutes of Health Funding on U.S. Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background Intense interest surrounds the recent expansion of US National Institutes of Health (NIH) budgets as part of economic stimulus legislation. However, the relationship between NIH funding and cardiovascular disease research is poorly understood, making the likely impact of this policy change unclear. Methods The National Library of Medicine's PubMed database was searched for articles published from 1996 to 2006, originating from U.S. institutions, and containing the phrases “cardiolog,” “cardiovascular,” or “cardiac,” in the first author's department. Research methodology, journal of publication, journal impact factor, and receipt of NIH funding were recorded. Differences in means and trends were tested with t-tests and linear regression, respectively, with P≤0.05 for significance. Results Of 117,643 world cardiovascular articles, 36,684 (31.2%) originated from the U.S., of which 10,293 (28.1%) received NIH funding. The NIH funded 40.1% of U.S. basic science articles, 20.3% of overall clinical trials, 18.1% of randomized-controlled, and 12.2% of multicenter clinical trials. NIH-funded and total articles grew significantly (65 articles/year, P<0.001 and 218 articles/year, P<0.001, respectively). The proportion of articles receiving NIH funding was stable, but grew significantly for basic science and clinical trials (0.87%/year, P<0.001 and 0.67%/year, P = 0.029, respectively). NIH-funded articles had greater journal impact factors than non NIH-funded articles (5.76 vs. 3.71, P<0.001). Conclusions NIH influence on U.S. cardiovascular research expanded in the past decade, during the period of NIH budget doubling. A substantial fraction of research is now directly funded and thus likely sensitive to budget fluctuations, particularly in basic science research. NIH funding predicts greater journal impact.
Comparision of Piceid and Resveratrol in Antioxidation and Antiproliferation Activities In Vitro

Background The clinic therapeutic effect of resveratrol is limited due to its low oral bioavailability. Piceid, a precursor of resveratrol, is the most abundant form of resveratrol in nature. A number of studies have hypothesized that piceid may have the same bioactivities like those of resveratrol. The aim of this work is to compare piceid with resveratrol in antioxidation and antiproliferation activities in vitro. Methods The antioxidative effects of resveratrol and piceid were evaluated by phenanthroline-Fe2+ method and H2O2-induced oxidative injury cell model. The antiproliferation effects were determined by MTT method in human liver tumor HepG2 cells, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells. The effects of resveratrol and piceid on the cell cycle and the apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Additionally, the uptake profiles of resveratrol and piceid in cancer cells were observed using fluorescence microscopy and clarified by LC-MS/MS. Conclusion Piceid exhibited higher scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals than resveratrol in vitro. Resveratrol showed a significant protective effect against H2O2-induced cell damage. What is more, resveratrol had biphasic effects on tumor cells. Resveratrol and piceid only showed significant cytotoxicity on tumor cells at high concentration (≥50 µmol/L), while low concentration of resveratrol (<30 µmol/L) increased the cell viability. The principal effect of resveratrol and piceid on the viability of tumor cells was caused by the cell cycle arrest, while the effect on apoptosis was relatively minor. The reason that piceid showed lower biological activity than resveratrol at the same concentration was probably because piceid was more difficult in being uptaken by cells.
Self-adaptive penalties for GA-based optimization

This paper introduces the notion of using coevolution to adapt the penalty factors of a fitness function incorporated in a genetic algorithm for numerical optimization. The proposed approach produces solutions even better than those previously reported in the literature for other (GA-based and mathematical programming) techniques that have been particularly fine-tuned using a normally lengthy trial and error process to solve a certain problem or set of problems. The present technique is also easy to implement and suitable for parallelization, which is a necessary further step to improve its current performance.
Laying down a path in walking: student teachers’ emerging ecological identities

Abstract There is growing global awareness of the importance of what are often labelled as ‘natural environments’ for human health, well-being and cognitive development. However, fostering learning in such ‘natural environments’, as they may be differently experienced and understood, requires a review of theoretical and practical approaches in teacher education, foregrounding the sensorial, experiential, embodied and relational dimensions of learning processes. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the experiences of a group of first year undergraduate student teachers enroled in a newly introduced course on outdoor learning. Adopting a pragmatic and enactivist mixed methods approach, the study provides evidence of impact of the course on the students. Specifically, the study contributes a qualitative description of student teachers’ learning trajectories, featuring what students deemed to be significant moments of an emerging ecological awareness. Findings point to important implications for curriculum and pedagogy, promoting environmental consciousness in formal teacher education contexts.
Alternative polyadenylation and differential expression of Shank mRNAs in the synaptic neuropil

The stability and dynamics of synapses rely on tight regulation of the synaptic proteome. Shank proteins, encoded by the three genes Shank1, Shank2 and Shank3 are scaffold molecules in the postsynaptic density of excitatory neurons that contribute to activity-dependent neuronal signalling. Mutations in the Shank genes are associated with neurological diseases. Using state-of-the-art technologies, we investigated the levels of expression of the Shank family messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within the synaptic neuropil of the rat hippocampus. We detected all three Shank transcripts in the neuropil of CA1 pyramidal neurons. We found Shank1 to be the most abundantly expressed among the three Shank mRNA homologues. We also examined the turnover of Shank mRNAs and predict the half-lives of Shank1, Shank2 and Shank3 mRNAs to be 18–28 h. Using 3′-end sequencing, we identified novel 3′ ends for the Shank1 and Shank2 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) that may contribute to the diversity of alternative polyadenylation (APA) for the Shank transcripts. Our findings consolidate the view that the Shank molecules play a central role at the postsynaptic density. This study may shed light on synaptopathologies associated with disruption of local protein synthesis, perhaps linked to mutations in mRNA 3′ UTRs or inappropriate 3′ end processing.
Improving the Room-Size Profiles of University Teaching Space

The utilisation of University teaching space is notoriously low: rooms are often unused, or only half full. We expect that one of the reasons for this is overall mismatch the sizes of rooms and the sizes events. For example, there might be an excess of large rooms. Good space planning should match the set of rooms to the set of events whilst taking account of the pedagogic requirements of the institution. We give methods to visualise and demonstrate the mismatch between the event and room-size profiles. We then provide methods to generate better room profiles. In particular, a method to produce robust room profiles. The method is based on scenario-based ideas of stochastic programming. We give evidence that such robust room profiles allow the reliable achievement of higher levels of utilisation.
Molecular Docking on FPGA and GPU Platforms

Molecular docking is an important problem of bioinformatics aiming at the prediction of binding poses of molecules. Auto Dock is a popular, open-source docking software applying a computationally expensive but parallelizable algorithm. This paper introduces an FPGA-based and a GPU-based implementation of Auto Dock and shows how the original algorithm can be effectively accelerated on the two different platforms. According to test runs, both implementations achieve significant speedups over Auto Dock running on a single CPU core and on a quad-core system. Comparison of the two implementations proves that many-core graphics processing units can be a real alternative to FPGAs in the field of high performance computing.
Constitutional Aneuploidy in the Normal Human Brain

The mouse brain contains genetically distinct cells that differ with respect to chromosome number manifested as aneuploidy (Rehen et al., 2001); however, the relevance to humans is not known. Here, using double-label fluorescence in situ hybridization for the autosome chromosome 21 (chromosome 21 point probes combined with chromosome 21 “paint” probes), along with immunocytochemistry and cell sorting, we present evidence for chromosome gain and loss in the human brain. Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. In comparison, human interphase lymphocytes present chromosome 21 aneuploidy rates of 0.6%. Together, these data demonstrate that human brain cells (both neurons and non-neuronal cells) can be aneuploid and that the resulting genetic mosaicism is a normal feature of the human CNS.
Predictive Torque Control of Induction Machines Based on State-Space Models

In this paper, we present a predictive control algorithm that uses a state-space model. Based on classical control theory, an exact discrete-time model of an induction machine with time-varying components is developed improving the accuracy of state prediction. A torque and stator flux magnitude control algorithm evaluates a cost function for each switching state available in a two-level inverter. The voltage vector with the lowest torque and stator flux magnitude errors is selected to be applied in the next sampling interval. A high degree of flexibility is obtained with the proposed control technique due to the online optimization algorithm, where system nonlinearities and restrictions can be included. Experimental results for a 4-kW induction machine are presented to validate the proposed state-space model and control algorithm.
tt*-geometry in quantum cohomology

We study possible real structures in the space of solutions to the quantum differential equation. We show that, under mild conditions, a real structure in orbifold quantum cohomology yields a pure and polarized tt^*-geometry near the large radius limit. We compute an example of P^1 which is pure and polarized over the whole Kaehler moduli space H^2(P^1,C^*).
Impact of a residential program on the psychological needs, motivation and physical activity of obese adults: A controlled trial based on Self-Determination Theory

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the increased benefits of a Self Determination Theory (SDT)-based motivational component on psychological needs’ fulfillment, self-determined motivation and Physical Activity (PA) of obese patients taking part in a rehabilitation program. Methods: Fourty-nine obese adults (mean age = 52 years, mean BMI = 38.25 kg/m 2 ) attended a 3-week residential intervention. Patients in the Motivation group ( n = 24) received a standard care plus SDT-based intervention ( i.e. , improved supervised PA sessions + a 1-hour motivational session). Patients in the Control group ( n = 25) only benefited from standard care. Psychological needs and motivation were measured at baseline, at the end of the program and one month after. PA was measured at baseline and one month after the end of the program. Repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to compare the evolution of the variables between groups. Results: The results indicated that participants from both groups displayed significant changes in their perceived autonomy, relatedness, intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation between the beginning and the end of the program. Next, participants from both groups showed a decrease in perceived relatedness between the end of the program and one month after. Last, the participants from the Motivation group reported greater increase of their PA scores between the beginning of the program and one month after as compared to those in the Control group. Conclusions: Obesity interventions should integrate motivational components in order to promote behavior maintenance after programs have ended.
Questions of autonomy in English teachers’ discursive practices

ABSTRACT Background: Recent educational legislation has redefined and extended teachers’ space for exercising professional autonomy. For instance, Norwegian English teachers enjoy substantial freedom in choosing texts for classroom use, provided they meet the competence aims of the national subject curriculum. Teachers are expected to use their professional judgement when choosing the means and modes of teaching to meet local needs. At the same time, current educational legislation requires that teachers exercise their autonomy as participants in ‘professional communities’ to ensure common standards for teaching and to assume shared responsibility for the pupils’ learning. Purpose and method: The research question is whether the redefined space for professional autonomy corresponds to teachers’ understanding of such autonomy. In this article, I address this question through an analysis of lower secondary teachers’ discourses underlying the selection of texts for their learners of English as a Foreign Language. A total of 18 teachers were interviewed and a critical discourse analysis approach was used for data analysis. Findings: Findings suggest that the teachers’ reasoning about text choice and teacher autonomy are negotiated between two potentially competing discourse positions. The first promotes individual freedom of choice, and the second is the view that the textbook represents an authoritative interpretation of syllabi aims, as well as a premise for the teachers’ common planning. Although the teachers speak in favour of choosing texts freely, few say they exploit this freedom beyond choosing between texts in the textbook. In addition, decisions to deviate from the textbook appear to be viewed as hinging primarily on the individual teacher’s discretion. Conclusion: Thus, possibilities for change rely mainly on individual teachers and are placed outside the sphere of collective planning. I argue that the teachers’ discursive practices may limit rather than extend their space for exercising professional autonomy regarding this area and that the textbook plays an important role in this.
Wissensbasierte Systeme Abduction With Penalization in Logic Programming

Abduction, first proposed in the setting of classical logics, has been studied with growing interest in the logic programming area during the last years. In this paper we study abduction with penalization in logic programming. This form of abductive reasoning, which has not been previously analyzed in logic programming, turns out to represent several relevant problems, including optimization problems, very naturally. We define a formal model for abduction with penalization from logic programs, which extends the abductive framework proposed by Kakas and Mancarella. We show the high expressiveness of this formalism, by encoding a couple of relevant problems, including the well-know Traveling Salesman Problem from optimization theory, in this abductive framework. The resulting encodings are very simple and elegant. We analyze the complexity of the main decisional problems arising in this framework. An interesting result in this course is that “negation comes for free. ” Indeed, the addition of (even unstratified) negation does not cause any further increase to the complexity of the abductive reasoning tasks (which remains the same as for not-free programs) Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende (CS), Italy email: ianni@deis.unical.it Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende (CS), Italy email: leone@unical.it Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende (CS), Italy email: perri@si.deis.unical.it D.E. I.S. , University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende (CS), Italy email: scarcello@deis.unical.it Copyright c © 2001 by the authors 2 INFSYS RR 1843-01-10
Simulated Asymptotic Least Squares Theory

We develop in this paper a general econometric methodology referred to as the Simulated Asymptotic Least Squares (SALS). It is shown that this approach provides a unifying theory for 'approximation-based' or simulation-based inference methods and nests the Simulated Nonlinear Least Squares (SSNLS), the Simulated Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (SPML), the Simulated Method of Moments (SMM) in both parametric and semiparametric settings, the Indirect Inference (II) and the Efficient Method of Moments (EMM). We produce a new notion of Efficiency Bounds in Direction and provide a general study of the efficiency in the SALS framework. In the particular case of the II and the EMM methods and when the instrumental model is of a GMM type, we characterise a new weighting matrix for a more efficient estimation about the structural parameters of interest ? 0. This new weighting matrix does no longer correspond, in the general case, to the classical one as characterised by Hansen (1982). Generalized global specification tests extending the previous existing ones are also proposed.
Frequency bands in seeing and remembering: comparing ADHD and typically developing children

This study aimed to examine whether the visual working memory (VWM) phases, encoding and recall, may be impaired in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The second aim was to measure electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of two types of encoding: efficient and inefficient encoding. 23 children with ADHD, age and sex matched with 23 non-ADHD subjects, were recruited. With reference to neurophysiological measures, an EEG was recorded before the WMT, during the encoding and finally during the recalling phases of the WMT. With reference to neuropsychological measures, we tested the encoding phase through eye-tracker measures and the recalling phase through the free recall span measure. In comparison to the control subjects, the ADHD group showed lower eye-tracker measurements and free recall span. They also showed lower alpha, beta and theta levels than the control group. Only in the efficient encoding, the control and ADHD groups showed similar beta bands. These results suggest that the ADHD group showed a decrease in the power of nearly all bands. 2 Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran R.A. Fabio T. Caprì N. Mohammadhasani A. Gangemi A. Gagliano G. Martino 98 Neuropsychological Trends – 24/2018 http://www.ledonline. it/neuropsychologicaltrends/ 98
A frequency domain PID controller design method for integrating processes with dead-time in modified Smith predictor

In this paper a new PID controller design method in a modified Smith predictor configuration is proposed for integrating processes with dead time. A two-degree-of freedom control scheme has been considered where first a controller is designed to achieve the desired set-point response and then the load-disturbance rejecting controller is computed. Both the controllers are designed using the direct synthesis approach in frequency domain. The obtained Smith predictor controllers are converted into PID form by frequency response matching of the respective controllers at two low frequency points. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated through simulation of examples taken from the literature and the performance is compared with some of the prevailed methods.
DETERMINING STAR FORMATION RATES FOR INFRARED GALAXIES

We show that measures of star formation rates (SFRs) for infrared galaxies using either single-band 24 μm or extinction-corrected Paα luminosities are consistent in the total infrared luminosity = L(TIR) ∼ 1010 L☉ range. MIPS 24 μm photometry can yield SFRs accurately from this luminosity upward: SFR(M☉ yr−1) = 7.8 × 10−10 L(24 μm, L☉) from L(TIR) = 5× 109 L☉ to 1011 L☉ and SFR = 7.8 × 10−10 L(24 μm, L☉)(7.76 × 10−11L(24))0.048 for higher L(TIR). For galaxies with L(TIR) ⩾ 1010 L☉, these new expressions should provide SFRs to within 0.2 dex. For L(TIR) ⩾ 1011 L☉, we find that the SFR of infrared galaxies is significantly underestimated using extinction-corrected Paα (and presumably using any other optical or near-infrared recombination lines). As a part of this work, we constructed spectral energy distribution templates for eleven luminous and ultraluminous purely star forming infrared galaxies and over the spectral range 0.4 μm to 30 cm. We use these templates and the SINGS data to construct average templates from 5 μm to 30 cm for infrared galaxies with L(TIR) = 5× 109 to 1013 L☉. All of these templates are made available online.