Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on Stable Clozapine or Olanzapine Treatment

Objective To examine the pharmacokinetic implications and potential clinical effects of tobacco smoking cessation in patients on stable clozapine or olanzapine treatment. Data sources A literature search of MEDLINE (1950–November 2009) and EMBASE (1980–November 2009) was conducted using the search terms smoking, tobacco, cigarette, cannabis, smoking cessation, cytochrome P450, antipsychotic, clozapine, and olanzapine. In addition, reference lists from publications identified were searched manually. Study selection and data extraction English-language articles and human studies were identified, yielding 111 returns. Articles that reported clinical outcomes following smoking cessation were selected. Pharmacokinetic data for these drugs were reviewed and articles that provided relevant background information were also included. Data synthesis Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated more rapid clearance of olanzapine and lower clozapine and norclozapine (desmethylclozapine) concentrations in smokers compared to nonsmokers. These studies also found that smokers require higher doses of these agents than nonsmokers. There are case reports of adverse clinical outcomes following smoking cessation in patients being treated with olanzapine and clozapine. Reports that included serum concentrations consistently found elevations following smoking cessation, and dosage reductions of 30–40% were required to achieve pre-cessation concentrations. Worsening psychiatric symptoms, somnolence, hypersalivation, extreme fatigue, extrapyramidal effects, and seizures have all been reported following smoking cessation in this patient group. Conclusions Pharmacists need to be aware of potential risks associated with smoking cessation in patients stabilized on clozapine or olanzapine. Toxicity as a result of recent smoking reduction or cessation may be a reason for hospital admission. For hospitalized patients, pharmacists should obtain information concerning smoking status, including cessation attempts. Nonspecific signs and symptoms of elevated clozapine or olanzapine concentrations should be considered in relation to clinical status while the patient is hospitalized. Measurement of baseline serum clozapine concentrations and/or empiric dosage adjustment in patients expected to have a prolonged hospital stay with forced smoking cessation may be appropriate.
The Leadership Development Interface

The Problem Leadership Development research and practice has consistently focused on specific methods and interventions to the degree that our understanding of what good leadership development looks like is much clearer. The problem however, with current thinking on leadership development and the evaluation of leadership development is that we are not exploring the extent to which the individual leader and the organization they work for are connected and aligned. For evaluators of leadership development this exploration is a key aspect in measuring the systemic nature of leadership development and not merely the intervention. How do individual leaders navigate their personal leadership development journey and how do the organizations for which they work interface with them to provide effective development opportunities and practice? The Solution This article makes the case that we need to evaluate and articulate the leadership development process differently; to move away from isolated methods and toward an interconnected process of personal and organizational discovery and learning. When leaders and organizations activate the interconnectedness of leadership development, learning may become more reciprocal and aligned which could drive better development outcomes and value. The Leadership Development Interface Model, developed through research and literature data, provides an interconnected perspective of leadership development and explores a “whole system” view so both leaders and organizations can engage, plan, and evaluate their development effort in an aligned and supported way. The Stakeholders Leaders and their direct managers in organizations, HR and development specialists
Acceptance and commitment therapy : cognitive fusion and personality functioning

Personality disorders (PDs) are common, chronic, mental health problems. The majority of treatment outcome research, which has focused specifically on Borderline PD, has provided substantial empirical support for Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993), particularly in terms of self-harm reduction. Nevertheless, DBT graduates can continue to experience poor personality functioning across PD diagnostic categories, Axis I disorders, and restricted lives. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999), might be suitable as a follow-up intervention for DBT graduates, to address their continued difficulties: to date, however, there has been little empirical investigation of its utility in relation to PD. This thesis was therefore designed to examine theoretical underpinnings of ACT relevant to the development of an ACT intervention for DBT graduates. Study 1 tested the performance of a new self-report measure of cognitive fusion (CF), the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), with a mental health sample, including individuals with PD. CF is a key ACT concept, and the CFQ proved to be a psychometrically sound measure of CF with people with mental health problems. Study 2 used cross-sectional modelling to show that CF fully mediated the relationships between two PD risk factors, negative affectivity and childhood trauma, and personality functioning in adulthood. Study 3 used the CFQ to investigate the behavioural correlates of CF. These findings strengthened the possibility that an ACT-based intervention might prove effective in improving outcomes for DBT graduates. To explore this further, Studies 4 and 5 were designed as very small-scale uncontrolled treatment development trials for this population. Study 4 suggested that ACT had a positive impact on engagement in life, but produced little improvement in psychiatric symptomology. Study 5 tested a revised protocol, which yielded more consistently positive findings, with improvements in both engagement in life and psychiatric symptoms. These findings tentatively suggest that ACT may have a role to play as a DBT follow-up intervention.
On Applied Archaeology, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Usable Past

Several recent discussions within archaeology refocus attention on the relationship between western knowledge and “indigenous knowledge”: one arising from the question of local ownership of land, technologies, and archaeological materials; another responding to the continued interest within development, conservation, and ecology in the potential efficacy and sustainability of local resource-use strategies; and a third that explores the possibility of producing archaeological interpretations that incorporate local conceptions of the past. In addition to an interest in indigenous knowledge (whether technical or conceptual), these various lines of inquiry are related by the desire to give due respect to local beliefs, practices, and property, and by the ambition to define ways in which archaeological research can provide benefits to society in general or, more specifically, to the communities that play host to archaeological field projects. These shared goals account for the fact that these discussions are sometimes conflated, but they can nevertheless be separated into distinct projects by examining the criteria by which their proponents are likely to judge success. Doing so permits an assessment of the feasibility of these approaches, referred to here as applied archaeology, hybrid archaeologies, and the production of a “usable past. ”
On the Cost of Factoring RSA-1024

As many cryptographic schemes rely on the hardness of integer factorization, exploration of the concrete costs of factoring large integers is of considerable interest. Most research has focused on PC-based implementations of factoring algorithms; these have successfully factored 530-bit integers, but practically cannot scale much further. Recent works have placed the bottleneck at the sieving step of the Number Field Sieve algorithm. We present a new implementation of this step, based on a custom-built hardware device that achieves a very high level of parallelism ”for free”. The design combines algorithmic and technological aspects: by devising algorithms that take advantage of certain tradeoffs in chip manufacturing technology, efﬁciency is increased by many orders of magnitude compared to previous proposals. Using this hypothetical device (and ignoring the initial R&D costs), it appears possible to break a 1024-bit RSA key in one year using a device whose cost is about $10M (previous predictions were in the trillions of dollars).
Spatial Coding of Individuals With Visual Impairments

The aim of this study is to examine the ability of children and adolescents with visual impairments to code and represent near space. Moreover, it examines the impact of the strategies they use and individual differences in their performance. A total of 30 individuals with visual impairments up to the age of 18 were given eight different object patterns in different arrays and were asked to code and represent each of them. The results revealed better performances by those who use an allocentric approach during spatial coding and those with residual vision. In fact, allocentric strategies were more prevalent in coding near space than egocentric ones. Moreover, the ability of participants to move independently was positively correlated with their ability to use the most effective haptic strategies. These findings suggest that children and adolescents with visual impairments are capable of using allocentric reference and providing a different perspective to the currently dominant one.
Two-Variable Logic with Counting and Trees

We consider the two-variable logic with counting quantifiers (C2) interpreted over finite structures that contain two forests of ranked trees. This logic is strictly more expressive than standard C2 and it is no longer a fragment of the first order logic. In particular, it can express that a structure is a ranked tree, a cycle or a connected graph of bounded degree. It is also strictly more expressive than the first-order logic with two variables and two successor relations of two finite linear orders. We give a decision procedure for the satisfiability problem for this logic. The procedure runs in NEXPTIME, which is optimal since the satisfiability problem for plain C2 is NEXPTIME-complete.
Hyperinsulinaemia in migraineurs is associated with nitric oxide stress

There is growing evidence that alterations in the insulin and glucose metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Nitric oxide (NO) stress has been associated with migraine. However, the role of NO on the insulin and glucose metabolism in migraineurs has remained elusive to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate the insulin and glucose metabolism in migraineurs and to determine possible interactions with the NO pathway. One hundred and twenty non-obese probands participated in this study, including 48 migraineurs and 72 healthy volunteers. Various parameters of the NO pathway, glucose metabolism as well as body measurement parameters were determined. We found a highly significantly increased insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA)-index in migraine patients, whereas fasting glucose was decreased. Logistic regression revealed an odds ratio of 5.67 for migraine, when comparing the lowest with the highest quartile of HOMA. Multivariate analysis showed that HOMA, waist-to-length ratio and nitrite as parameters of NO stress were highly significantly correlated. We show here that hyperinsulinaemia is associated with migraine and, furthermore, is correlated with increased NO stress. These findings represent a new pathophysiological mechanism that may be of clinical relevance.
How tests change teaching: A model for reference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the washback effects of the General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) on English teaching in two applied foreign language departments in Taiwan. One had prescribed its GEPT requirement to its day-division students whereas the other had not. Overall, the GEPT did not induce a high level of washback on teaching in either department. Only courses which were linked to the departmental GEPT policy and whose objectives were to prepare students for the test were significantly affected. Results suggest that micro-level contextual factors (for example, the objectives of the course) and teacher factors had a greater impact on teachers' instruction. Finally, on the basis of current understandings of washback, I propose a new, tentative model to portray the washback of tests on teaching.
Moving forward with membership categorization analysis: Methods for systematic analysis

This article has four aims. First, it will consider explicitly, and polemically, the hierarchical relationship between conversation analysis (CA) and membership categorization analysis (MCA). Whilst the CA ‘juggernaut’ flourishes, the MCA ‘milk float’ is in danger of being run off the road. For MCA to survive either as a separate discipline, or within CA as a focus equivalent to other ‘generic orders of conversation’, I suggest it must generate new types of systematic studies and reveal fundamental categorial practices. With such a goal in mind, the second aim of the article is to provide a set of clear analytic steps and procedures for conducting MCA, which are grounded in basic categorial and sequential concerns. Third, the article aims to demonstrate how order can be found in the intuitively ‘messy’ discourse phenomenon of membership categories, and how to approach their analysis systematically as a robust feature of particular action-oriented environments. Through the exemplar analyses, the final aim of the article is to promote MCA as a method for interrogating culture, reality and society, without recourse to its reputed ‘wild and promiscuous’ analytic approach.
Impact of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity on BOLD fMRI: a preliminary investigation of moyamoya disease

Blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of patients with cerebrovascular disease have largely ignored the confounds associated with abnormal cerebral blood flow, vascular reactivity and neurovascular coupling. We studied BOLD fMRI activation and cerebrovascular reactivity in moyamoya disease. To characterize the impact of remote vascular demands on BOLD fMRI measurements, we varied the vascular territories engaged by manipulating the experimental task performed by the participants. Vascular territories affected by disease were identified using BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity. Preliminary evidence from two patients pre‐ and postrevascularization surgery and four controls indicates that neurovascular coupling in affected brain regions can be modulated by the task‐related vascular demands in unaffected regions. In one patient studied, we observed that brain regions with improved cerebrovascular reactivity after surgery demonstrated normalized neurovascular coupling, that is the degree to which neurovascular coupling was modulated by task‐related vascular demands was decreased. We propose that variations in task‐dependent neurovascular coupling in patients with moyamoya disease are likely related to vascular steal. While preliminary, our findings are a proof of concept of the limitations of BOLD fMRI in cerebrovascular disease and suggest a role for assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity to improve interpretation of task‐related BOLD fMRI activation.
Benefits to Adolescents of Informal Helping Relationships with Their Parents and Peers

93 male and 181 female adolescents (Grades 9 to 13) indicated (1) the amount of stress they experienced in their day-to-day living, (2) their satisfaction with the help they received from, their mothers, fathers, and peers, and (3) perceptions of their well-being in three conceptually distinct areas (life satisfaction, various affective states, and mental and physical wellbeing). The satisfaction with help measures were significantly correlated with the well-being measures, controlling for levels of experienced stress. In addition, the satisfaction with help measures operated as moderators of the stress-well-being relationship. Experienced stress was less likely to be associated with poor wellbeing for adolescents who were the most satisfied with the help they received from the three sources.
Predicting the Influence of Social Resources on African American Wife and Daughter Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms

This study—on 100 African American wife and 258 daughter primary caregivers — uses a contextual approach in its examination of the relationship between social resources and caregiver depressive symptoms. At the bivariate level, significant differences in certain key characteristics of primary caregivers and care receivers underscore the generational differences between the caregiver samples. Using separate ordinary least squares regression models, the authors found that satisfaction with family functioning was a significant predictor for lower depressive symptoms for both wives' and daughters' depressive symptoms. However, social participation and availability of secondary help were negatively associated with depressive symptoms for daughters. Receipt of instrumental support was predictive of higher levels of depressive symptoms among daughters. The findings indicate the importance of accounting for the contextual differences in our understanding of depressive symptoms, specifically the differences in the relationship between social resources and depressive symptoms for wives and daughters. Practice and theoretical implications are also discussed.
Mechanism of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Phosphorylation and Activation by Thrombin

Thrombin has been shown to activate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) leading to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In addition to its activation by Ca2+/calmodulin, eNOS has several regulatory sites. Ser1179 phosphorylation of eNOS by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent Akt stimulates its catalytic activity. In this study, we have elucidated the signaling mechanism of thrombin-induced phosphorylation of eNOS in the regulation of NO production. Immunoblot analysis showed that thrombin rapidly phosphorylates eNOS at Ser1179 in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Also, thrombin was unable to stimulate eNOS if the Ser1179 was mutated to Ala. Akt is phosphorylated in response to thrombin at Ser473 at a later time point than eNOS. In this regard, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, blocked Akt phosphorylation without affecting eNOS phosphorylation and cGMP production by thrombin. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 stimulated eNOS phosphorylation, as well as cGMP production, and pretreatment with intracellular or extracellular Ca2+ chelators inhibited thrombin-induced eNOS phosphorylation and cGMP production. Moreover, infection of bovine aortic endothelial cell with adenovirus encoding dominant-negative mutants of protein kinase C (PKC)&agr; and PKC&dgr; or pretreatment of bovine aortic endothelial cells with PKC inhibitors revealed that PKC&dgr; is indispensable for thrombin-induced eNOS phosphorylation and activation. From these data, we concluded that thrombin induces the Ser1179 phosphorylation-dependent eNOS activation through a Ca2+-dependent, PKC&dgr;-sensitive, but phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-independent pathway.
One or Two Frequencies? The Empirical Mode Decomposition Answers

This paper investigates how the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), a fully data-driven technique recently introduced for decomposing any oscillatory waveform into zero-mean components, behaves in the case of a composite two-tones signal. Essentially two regimes are shown to exist, depending on whether the amplitude ratio of the tones is greater or smaller than unity, and the corresponding resolution properties of the EMD turn out to be in good agreement with intuition and physical interpretation. A refined analysis is provided for quantifying the observed behaviors and theoretical claims are supported by numerical experiments. The analysis is then extended to a nonlinear model where the same two regimes are shown to exist and the resolution properties of the EMD are assessed.
Web Use and Net Nerds: A Neofunctionalist Analysis of the Impact of Information Technology in the Home

This article investigates the impact of use of the Worldwide Web on patterns of sociability. Its sets out a neofunctionalist model of socio-technological innovation that is designed to explore prospectively the impact of innovations in areas such as information and communications technology, on the full range of sociable and nonsociable activities. It uses evidence from a unique data set (a nationally representative time diary panel study, collected in the U.K. for the period 1999-2001) to explore this model. It concludes that Internet use, contrary to "time-displacement" expectations, is not negatively associated with sociability.
Vicarious traumatisation: current status and future directions

ABSTRACT Theorists and practitioners have long recognised that working with trauma clients can trigger reactions in the therapist similar to those experienced by the client. Nevertheless, research in this area has been lacking. One obstacle has been confusion regarding key terms. Vicarious traumatisation is the most appropriate concept given that it relates specifically to trauma work, incorporates intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and can be located within the framework of the constructivist self-development theory. Although limited, research has identified a range of factors that influence vicarious traumatisation, such as experience, personal trauma history and coping style. Future investigation is required to examine aspects that could enhance counsellor resilience. In addition, vicarious traumatisation needs to be studied in terms of a broad range of clientele and occupations.
Ab initio calculation of lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of beryllium

We investigate the phase transition, elastic constants, phonon dispersion curves, and thermal properties of beryllium (Be) at high pressures and high temperatures using density functional theory. By comparing the Gibbs free energy, in the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA), of hexagonal-closed-packed (hcp) with those of the face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered-cubic (bcc) we find that the hcp Be is stable up to 390 GPa, and then transforms to the bcc Be. The calculated phonon dispersion curves are in excellent agreement with experiments. Under compression, the phonon dispersion curves of hcp Be do not show any anomaly or instability. At low pressure the phonon dispersion of bcc Be display imaginary along Gamma-N in the T-1 branches. Within the quasiharmonic approximation, we predict the thermal equation of state and other properties including the thermal expansion coefficient, Hugoniot curves, heat capacity, Gruneisen parameter, and Debye temperature. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi. org/10.1063/1.3688344]