Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entanglement in continuous-variable systems: recent advances and current perspectives

We review the theory of continuous-variable entanglement with special emphasis on foundational aspects, conceptual structures and mathematical methods. Much attention is devoted to the discussion of separability criteria and entanglement properties of Gaussian states, for their great practical relevance in applications to quantum optics and quantum information, as well as for the very clean framework that they allow for the study of the structure of nonlocal correlations. We give a self-contained introduction to phase-space and symplectic methods in the study of Gaussian states of infinite-dimensional bosonic systems. We review the most important results on the separability and distillability of Gaussian states and discuss the main properties of bipartite entanglement. These include the extremal entanglement, minimal and maximal, of two-mode mixed Gaussian states, the ordering of two-mode Gaussian states according to different measures of entanglement, the unitary (reversible) localization and the scaling of bipartite entanglement in multimode Gaussian states. We then discuss recent advances in the understanding of entanglement sharing in multimode Gaussian states, including the proof of the monogamy inequality of distributed entanglement for all Gaussian states. Multipartite entanglement of Gaussian states is reviewed by discussing its qualification by different classes of separability, and the main consequences of the monogamy inequality, such as the quantification of genuine tripartite entanglement in three-mode Gaussian states, the promiscuous nature of entanglement sharing in symmetric Gaussian states and the possible coexistence of unlimited bipartite and multipartite entanglement. We finally review recent advances and discuss possible perspectives on the qualification and quantification of entanglement in non-Gaussian states, a field of research that is to a large extent yet to be explored.
A New Secured Approach for MANETS against Network Layer Attacks

In wireless networks, security has become the prime factor of concern. The mobility of the nodes, in these so called Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETS), furthermore leads to a situation where it is very difficult to establish secure data transmission. Since the use of mobile equipments such as cellular phones or laptops is tremendously increasing and because of limited physical security, vulnerability to attacks in these networks, it has become a challenging work. In this paper, a semantic security mechanism, which is capable of detecting and isolating nodes that launch different types of network layer attacks, is presented. The evaluation results demonstrate that the algorithm effectively detects and prevents nodes that drop a significant fraction of packets and tampers the message.
Development of Sex Differences in Depressive and Co-Occurring Anxious Symptoms During Adolescence: Descriptive Trajectories and Potential Explanations in a Multiwave Prospective Study

This study investigated psychosocial mechanisms that may account for sex differences in internalizing symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence using data from a prospective, multiwave study with a sample of early and middle adolescents (N = 350, 6th to 10th graders; 57% female). Girls showed higher initial levels of only depressive symptoms, not anxious arousal, and increasing trajectories of depressive and anxious arousal symptoms over time compared with boys after controlling for age. Initial levels of depressive symptoms were mediated by a Rumination × Stressors interaction as well as a Negative Cognitive Style × Stressors interaction. The Negative Cognitive Style × Stressors interaction and Rumination × Stressors interaction partially accounted for girls' increasing trajectories of depressive and anxious arousal symptoms over time.
Positive Surgical Margin, HPV Persistence, and Expression of Both TPX2 and PD-L1 Are Associated with Persistence/Recurrence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia after Cervical Conization

Objective To determine the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical predictors of the persistence/recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after cervical conization. Methods Medical records of 502 patients who received cervical conization treatment of CIN between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed. The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed using Cox hazard regression. Fifty patients with CIN persistence/recurrence were matched to 50 cases without CIN persistence/recurrence. These 100 cervical specimens were assessed for expression of insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein 3 (IMP3), targeting protein for xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2), and programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) using immunohistochemical staining. Results Multivariate analysis found that the independent predictors of CIN persistence/recurrence were positive surgical margin (hazard ratio 5.777, 95% confidence interval 2.334–14.301, p < 0.001) and human papilloma virus persistence for 6 months (hazard ratio 20.685, 95% confidence interval 7.350–57.657, p < 0.001). Co-expression of TPX2 and PD-L1 was significantly higher in CIN persistence/recurrence group than the group without CIN persistence/recurrence (p = 0.013). The depth of glandular involvement (GI) was less than 3mm in about 86.8% (59/68) CIN2-3 lesions, However, No statistically significant associations between GI and persistence/recurrence were observed (P = 0.58). Conclusion Positive surgical margin, HPV persistence, and expression of both TPX2 and PD-L1 are associated with persistence/recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after cervical conization.
An Analytical Crosstalk Model with Application to ULSI Interconnect Scaling

A new analytical model is presented to accurately determine crosstalk noise due to on-chip interconnections. This model takes into account interconnect line resistance and driver strength, which have not been adequately considered in previous crosstalk models. Our model can be used in conjunction with simple analytical device timing expressions to provide close agreement with SPICE simulations for peak crosstalk in 0.25 μm technology generations and beyond. Furthermore, the model is applied to future ULSI interconnect scaling scenarios to analyze their impact on noise issues. Introduction On-chip crosstalk is a major concern in ULSI circuits due to scaling linewidths, increasing aspect ratios and larger die sizes. Also, due to decreasing noise margins and larger ground bounce, noise issues become even more important. There is a need for accurate yet fast methods to analyze on-chip crosstalk. Previously presented crosstalk models typically ignore wiring resistance [1,2] or apply only to step inputs [3]. Our model is simple, accurate and provides an excellent basis for a crosstalk screening tool. We demonstrate its accuracy in future generation logic gates, concentrating on inverters and NAND gates. The model can be used in conjunction with timing macromodels or other timing models, as driver rise time is an important parameter in crosstalk calculation. We introduce one such timing model for use in this paper. Finally, we use our model to analyze future developments in ULSI interconnect and their impact on peak crosstalk. Specifically, we focus on the move to low-k dielectrics and copper wiring. Model Derivation Crosstalk is a complex form of electromagnetic coupling between two or more conducting lines. In order to obtain a tractable analytical expression for peak crosstalk noise, several assumptions must be made. First, the aggressor gate is modeled as a ramp voltage source with rise/fall time, Tr. This rise time can be obtained by use of a circuit timing simulator or through use of analytical expressions such as those presented in [4]. A new timing macromodel is presented in the next section for this purpose. A second assumption is that all interconnect and load capacitances (including fan-out gates and drain junction capacitances) are modeled as a lumped capacitance to ground, excluding the coupling capacitance. Finally, the victim line driver is modeled as an effective resistance. This resistance can be found using the slope of a device’s Id-Vd curves at the origin and need only be found once for a given technology as it scales with device width. The resulting equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 1. From circuit analysis principles, the victim line voltage, Vx, can be found to be: Fig. 1 Simplified circuit schematic described in the text. Aggressor is modeled as a voltage source with ramp rate Vdd/Tr, and crosstalk is denoted as Vx. Rv is the sum of victim driver and line resistances.
High temporal frequency measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from soils

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Variation in soil moisture can be very dynamic, and it is one of the dominant factors controlling the net exchange of these three GHGs. Although technologies for high-frequency, precise measurements of CO 2 have been available for years, methods for measuring soil fluxes of CH 4 and N 2 O at high temporal frequency have been hampered by lack of appropriate technology for in situ real-time measurements. A previously developed automated chamber system for measuring CO 2 flux from soils was configured to run in line with a new quantum cascade laser (QCLAS) instrument that measures N 2 O and CH 4 . Here we present data from a forested wetland in Maine and an agricultural field in North Dakota, which provided examples of both net uptake and production for N 2 O and CH 4 . The objective was to provide a range of conditions in which to run the new system and to compare results to a traditional manual static-chamber method. The high-precision and more-than-10-times-lower minimum detectable flux of the QCLAS system, compared to the manual system, provided confidence in measurements of small N 2 O uptake in the forested wetland. At the agricultural field, the greatest difference between the automated and manual sampling systems came from the effect of the relatively infrequent manual sampling of the high spatial variation, or "hot spots", in GHG fluxes. Hot spots greatly influenced the seasonal estimates, particularly for N 2 O, over one 74-day alfalfa crop cycle. The high temporal frequency of the automated system clearly characterized the transient response of all three GHGs to precipitation and demonstrated a clear diel pattern related to temperature for GHGs. A combination of high-frequency automated and spatially distributed chambers would be ideal for characterizing hot spots and "hot moments" of GHG fluxes.
Case studies in applying fitness distributions in evolutionary algorithms. II. Comparing the improvements from crossover and Gaussian mutation on simple neural networks

Previous efforts in applying fitness distributions of Gaussian mutation for optimizing simple neural networks in the XOR problem are extended by conducting a similar analysis for three types of crossover operators. One-point, two-point and uniform crossover are applied to the best-evolved neural networks at each generation in an evolutionary trial. The maximum expected improvement under Gaussian mutation with a single fixed standard deviation is then compared to that which can be obtained using crossover. The results indicate that the benefits of each type of crossover varies as a function of the generation number. Furthermore, these fitness profiles are notably similar (i.e., there is little functional difference between the various crossover operators). This does not support a building block hypothesis for explaining the gains that can be made via recombination. The results indicate cases where mutation alone can outperform recombination and vice versa.
Integration of Golgi trafficking and growth factor signaling by the lipid phosphatase SAC1

When a growing cell expands, lipids and proteins must be delivered to its periphery. Although this phenomenon has been observed for decades, it remains unknown how the secretory pathway responds to growth signaling. We demonstrate that control of Golgi phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is required for growth-dependent secretion. The phosphoinositide phosphatase SAC1 accumulates at the Golgi in quiescent cells and down-regulates anterograde trafficking by depleting Golgi PI(4)P. Golgi localization requires oligomerization of SAC1 and recruitment of the coat protein (COP) II complex. When quiescent cells are stimulated by mitogens, SAC1 rapidly shuttles back to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thus releasing the brake on Golgi secretion. The p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathway induces dissociation of SAC1 oligomers after mitogen stimulation, which triggers COP-I–mediated retrieval of SAC1 to the ER. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abolishes growth factor–induced Golgi-to-ER shuttling of SAC1 and slows secretion. These results suggest direct roles for p38 MAPK and SAC1 in transmitting growth signals to the secretory machinery.
A Blind Time-Reversal Detector in the Presence of Channel Correlation

A blind target detector using the time reversal transmission is proposed in the presence of channel correlation. We calculate the exact moments of the test statistics involved. The derived moments are used to construct an accurate approximative Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) based on multivariate Edgeworth expansion. Performance gain over an existing detector is observed in scenarios with channel correlation and relatively strong target signal.
Exploring the role of the romantic relationship context in weight loss

For individuals losing weight who are cohabiting with their romantic partners, weight loss is pursued within a relational context. To better understand the role of romantic partners, 44 individuals from a Southwestern city in the U.S. who were actively trying to lose weight were interviewed about the current and desired role of their partner in their weight loss. Responses were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. Themes specifically pertinent to the romantic relationship that facilitated or hindered weight loss were identified. Three major themes emerged, each with subthemes. Factors that facilitated weight loss were having a team effort in pursuing the weight loss goals, partners being accommodating to dietary and schedule changes, and the provision of logistical help (e.g., childcare). Obstacles presented by the interdependent nature of romantic relationships included partners having opposing perspectives on weight loss, partners’ negative comments about themselves, and difficulties in balancing the weight loss goals with the needs of the relationship. Complicating support from partners, some participants gave mixed messages about the desired support from their partners as well as inconsistent reactions to partner support. The findings highlight that theory and intervention programs need to consider the complexity of losing weight in this interdependent, relational context.
Navel Gazing: Academic Inbreeding and Scientific Productivity

The practice of having Ph.D. graduates employed by the university that trained them, commonly called “academic inbreeding,” has long been suspected to be damaging to scholarly practices and achievement. Despite this perception, existing work on academic inbreeding is scarce and mostly exploratory. Using data from Mexico, we find evidence that, first, academic inbreeding is associated with lower scholarly output. Second, the academically inbred faculty is relatively more centered on its own institution and less open to the rest of the scientific world. This navel-gazing tendency is a critical driver of its reduced scientific output when compared with noninbred faculties. Third, we reveal that academic inbreeding could be the result of an institutional practice, such that these faculty members contribute disproportionately more to teaching and outreach activities, which allows noninbred faculty members to dedicate themselves to the research endeavor. Thus, a limited presence of inbreds can benefit the research output of noninbreds and potentially the whole university, but a dominantly inbred environment will stifle productivity, even for noninbreds. Overall, our analysis suggests that administrators and policy makers in developing nations who aim to develop a thriving research environment should consider mechanisms to limit this practice.
Sexual coevolution of spermatophore envelopes and female genital traits in butterflies: Evidence of male coercion?

Signa are sclerotized structures located on the inner wall of the corpus bursa of female Lepidoptera whose main function is tearing open spermatophores. The sexually antagonistic coevolution (SAC) hypothesis proposes that the thickness of spermatophore envelopes has driven the evolution of the females signa; this idea is based in the fact that in many lepidopterans female sexual receptivity is at least partially controlled by the volume of ejaculate remaining in the corpus bursa. According to the SAC hypothesis, males evolved thick spermatophore envelopes to delay the post-mating recovery of female sexual receptivity thus reducing sperm competition; in response, females evolved signa for breaking spermatophore envelopes faster, gaining access to the resources contained in them and reducing their intermating intervals; the evolution of signa, in turn, favored the evolution of even thicker spermatophore envelopes, and so on. We tested two predictions of the SAC hypothesis with comparative data on the thickness of spermatophore envelopes of eleven species of Heliconiinae butterflies. The first prediction is that the spermatophore envelopes of polyandrous species with signa will be thicker than those of monandrous species without signa. In agreement with this prediction, we found that the spermatophore envelopes of a polyandrous Heliconius species with signa are thicker than those of two monandrous Heliconius species without signa. The second prediction is that in some species with signa males could enforce monandry in females by evolving “very thick” spermatophore envelopes, in these species we predict that their spermatophore envelopes will be thicker than those of their closer polyandrous relatives with signa. In agreement with this prediction, we found that in two out of three comparisons, spermatophore envelopes of monandrous species with signa have thicker spermatophore envelopes than their closer polyandrous relatives with signa. Thus, our results support the idea that selective pressures arising from sexually antagonistic interactions have been important in the evolution of spermatophore envelopes, female signa and female mating patterns.
The influence of the DinEX service quality dimensions on casual-dining restaurant customers’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions

ABSTRACT The following empirical study examines the effects of specific service quality dimensions from the DinEX model on customers’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The originality of DinEX over other restaurant service quality instruments is primarily its focus on dimensions such as social connectedness and homophily, which represent social constructs that portray an internal sense of belonging and the tendency for people to affiliate with similar others. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in an independent casual-dining restaurant located in the southeastern United States and a sample of 209 respondents was obtained. Results show that food healthfulness and food quality have an influence on customers’ satisfaction, which in turn affects their behavioral intentions. The implications for practitioners are discussed in detail.
Towards Cloud Storage Services Characterization

Monitoring of Internet services shows that there is a global and growing trend in the use of Cloud Services. This paper aims to identify and quantify the use of Cloud Services taking the University of Minho (UMinho) network as a practical case study. Thus, this study focuses on characterizing Cloud Storage services, identifying the most accessed Cloud Storage Providers and the characteristics of corresponding traffic. As a first step, this involves identifying appropriate techniques for traffic classification and the definition of a model for processing the collected traces. Cloud Storage services present several characteristics that turn the current classification methods insufficient or too complex to apply, namely the use of dynamic communication ports and security protocols encrypting the traffic. This has motivated the use of a new classification approach based on Tstat tool, which allows extracting signatures of servers during SSL handshaking. The obtained results provide global statistics regarding the most used services at UMinho, focusing subsequently on Cloud Storage services. For these, the top Cloud Storage Providers within user preferences are identified and the corresponding traffic characteristics discussed.
A comparison of maternal and child language in normally-hearing and hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants

The present study examines the amount of input and output in congenitally hearing-impaired children with a cochlear implant (CI) and normally-hearing children (NH) and their normally-hearing mothers. The aim of the study was threefold: (a) to investigate the input provided by the two groups of mothers, (b) to investigate the output of the two groups of children, and (c) to investigate the influence of the mothers’ input on child output and expressive vocabulary size. Mothers are less influenced by their children’s hearing status than the children are: CI children are more talkative and slower speakers. Mothers influenced their children on most parameters, but strikingly, it was not maternal talkativeness as such, but the number of maternal turns that is the best predictor of a child’s expressive vocabulary size.
Subtle nonlinearity in popular album charts

Large-scale patterns of culture change may be explained by models of self organized criticality, or alternatively, by multiplicative processes. We speculate that popular album activity may be similar to critical models of extinction in that interconnected agents compete to survive within a limited space. Here we investigate whether popular music albums as listed on popular album charts display evidence of self-organized criticality, including a self-affine time series of activity and power-law distributions of lifetimes and exit activity in the chart. We find it difficult to distinguish between multiplicative growth and critical model hypotheses for these data. However, aspects of criticality may be masked by the selective sampling that a "Top 200" listing necessarily implies.
Control of harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser by continuous external optical injection

The effect of an external continuous wave (cw) on the operating regime of a passively mode locked double-clad fiber laser, operating in the anomalous dispersion regime, is experimentally investigated. Starting from different soliton distributions, we demonstrate that, under specific conditions, the cw signal forces the principal laser to operate in harmonic mode-locking regime. This effect is fully reversible and does not exhibit any hysteresis phenomena.
Java, Peer-to-Peer, and Accountability: Building Blocks for Distributed Cycle Sharing

The increased popularity of grid systems and cycle sharing across organizations leads to the need for scalable systems that provide facilities to locate resources, to be fair in the use of those resources, and to allow untrusted applications to be safely executed using those resources. This paper describes a prototype of such a system, where a peer-to-peer (p2p) network is used to locate and allocate resources; a Java Virtual Machine is used to allow applications to be safely hosted, and for their progress to be monitored by the submitter; and a novel distributed credit system supports accountability among providers and consumers of resources to use the system fairly. We provide experimental data showing that cheaters are quickly identified and purged from the system, and that the overhead of monitoring jobs is effectively zero.