Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression and Quorum Sensing Regulation of Type III Secretion System Genes of Vibrio harveyi during Infection of Gnotobiotic Brine Shrimp

Type III secretion systems enable pathogens to inject their virulence factors directly into the cytoplasm of the host cells. The type III secretion system of Vibrio harveyi, a major pathogen of aquatic organisms and a model species in quorum sensing studies, is repressed by the quorum sensing master regulator LuxR. In this study, we found that during infection of gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae, the expression levels of three type III secretion operons in V. harveyi increased within the first 12h after challenge and decreased again thereafter. The in vivo expression levels were highest in a mutant with a quorum sensing system that is locked in low cell density configuration (minimal LuxR levels) and lowest in a mutant with a quorum sensing system that is locked in the high cell density configuration (maximal LuxR levels), which is consistent with repression of type III secretion by LuxR. Remarkably, in vivo expression levels of the type III secretion system genes were much (> 1000 fold) higher than the in vitro expression levels, indicating that (currently unknown) host factors significantly induce the type III secretion system. Given the fact that type III secretion is energy-consuming, repression by the quorum sensing master regulators might be a mechanism to save energy under conditions where it does not provide an advantage to the cells.
Effect of sex on some growth performance and blood parameters of Hamdani lambs

This study was undertaken to explore the effect of sex on growth performance and some blood parameters (hematological and biochemical) of Hamdani lambs. The correlation among productive traits and blood parameters were also investigated. Ten Hamdani ram lambs and ewe lambs of 29.9 ± 1.7 kg average body weight and 3.5% 4.5 months old were used in this study. The lambs were divided into two groups; the first group included 5 ram lambs, while the second group included 5 ewe lambs. Results showed significant (P<0.05) increase of average daily weight gain and total weight gain in ram lambs as compared with ewe lambs. Higher (P<0.05) feed consumption was observed in ram lambs as compared with ewe lambs. A significant correlations (P<0.05) were noticed between final weight and MCH, MCHC, cholesterol and albumin (0.71, 0.7, 0.65, and 0.71 resp.). The same pattern was noted between average daily weight gain and MCHC (0.73) and total weight gain with ALT enzyme (0.67). It was concluded that the productive performance and blood parameters were superior in Hamdani ram lambs as compared with ewe lambs.
Bounded truth-table and conjunctive reductions to sparse and tally sets

In this paper we study the consequences of the existence of sparse hard sets for diierent complexity classes under certain types of deterministic, randomized and nondeterministic reductions. We show that if an NP-complete set is bounded-truth-table reducible to a set that conjunctively reduces to a sparse set then P = NP. Relatedly, we show that if an NP-complete set is bounded-truth-table reducible to a set that co-rp reduces to some set that conjunctively reduces to a sparse set then RP = NP. We also prove similar results under the (apparently) weaker assumption that some solution of the promise problem (1SAT; SAT) reduces via the mentioned reductions to a sparse set. Finally we consider nondeterministic polynomial time many-one reductions to sparse and co-sparse sets. We prove that if a coNP-complete set reduces via a nondeterministic polynomial time many-one reduction to a co-sparse set then PH = p 2. On the other hand, we show that nonde-terministic polynomial time many-one reductions to sparse sets are as powerful as nondeterministic Turing reductions to sparse sets.
Cross-Lingual Discriminative Learning of Sequence Models with Posterior Regularization

We present a framework for cross-lingual transfer of sequence information from a resource-rich source language to a resource-impoverished target language that incorporates soft constraints via posterior regularization. To this end, we use automatically word aligned bitext between the source and target language pair, and learn a discriminative conditional random ﬁeld model on the target side. Our posterior regularization constraints are derived from simple intuitions about the task at hand and from cross-lingual alignment information. We show improvements over strong baselines for two tasks: part-of-speech tagging and named-entity segmentation.
Volatility and Liquidity Costs

Observed high-frequency prices are contaminated with liquidity costs or market microstructure noise. Using such data, we derive a new asset return variance estimator inspired by the market microstructure literature to explicitly model the noise and remove it from observed returns before estimating their variance. The returns adjusted for the estimated liquidity costs are either totally or partially free from noise. If the liquidity costs are fully removed, the sum of squared high-frequency returns – which would be inconsistent for return variance when based on observed returns – becomes a consistent variance estimator when based on adjusted returns. This novel estimator achieves the maximum possible rate of convergence. However, if the liquidity costs are only partially removed, the residual noise is smaller and closer to an exogenous white noise than the original noise. Therefore, any volatility estimator that is robust to noise relies on weaker noise assumptions if it is based on adjusted returns than if it is based on observed returns.
The Theory of Institutional Design: Second Best Theories and the Implications for Institutional Design

Introduction Social theorists have recently given considerable attention to the problem of designing institutions which ensure that individuals seeking their own interests maximize welfare or serve the interests of some principal, such as the government. By institutions is meant the rules that cover such things as decision-making procedures, property transfers, bargaining processes, or voting schemes. So far, however, very little attention has been given to some of the implications of problems of the second best for institutional design. Such problems concern the optimal policy when all the conditions required for a first best solution are not present. They are well known in the literature on welfare economics (Mishan 1981; Ng 1983; Bos and Seidel 1986). The main point of interest in this literature is that, contrary to our intuitions, when the conditions required for a first best do not apply in one sector of the economy, the next best solution may not be to get all other sectors as close as possible to the conditions that were required for a first best solution. It may be better to have all other sectors also deviate from the first best settings (Lipsey and Lancaster 1956), moreover, in ways that are difficult to predict (Mishan 1981). The purpose of this chapter is to explore some of the more general implications of this aspect of the second best. It is particularly concerned with the question of whether, in political institutions, it can be assumed that small changes in initial conditions or rules can be ignored.
Experiences of School and Family Communications and Interactions Among Parents of Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder

Effective communications between schools and family members about curricular concerns can positively impact students" performance across behavioral, academic, and social domains. Moreover, family involvement in schooling may be more important for children with disabilities, especially students with severe emotional and behavioral concerns, such as with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). Students with RAD present some of the most challenging behaviors to school personnel. In turn, needs of students with RAD require their families to work together with school staff as equal curriculum decision- makers to promote hopeful outcomes for this group of learners. In this article, we discuss the findings of an investigation into the experiences of parents of children with RAD. We uncover their storied perceptions of encountering a lack of proactive, positive, and useful communications throughout their children"s educational careers.
The interrelation of school culture and evidence-based practice – Findings of a survey using the “Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument”

Mit dem Konzept der Evidenzbasierung ist die Hoffnung verbunden, das Handeln der schulischen Akteure durch extern bereitgestellte Daten und teils auch durch Entwicklungshinweise effektiver und effizienter zu gestalten und so zur Entwicklung von Schule und Unterricht beizutragen. Jedoch zeigt sich, dass der Umgang mit den generierten Daten im Hinblick auf kontextsensible Erkenntnisse in der schulischen Praxis voraussetzungsreich und mithin wenig entwickelt ist. Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass das Schulklima und die Schulkultur die Akzeptanz und Nutzung evidenzbasierter Wissensbestande beeinflussen; die Forschungslage zum Zusammenhang der Konstrukte ist jedoch vergleichsweise limitiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift dieses Desiderat auf und fokussiert die Bedeutung der Schulkultur fur evidenzbasiertes Handeln. Als empirische Grundlage dient eine schriftliche Befragung von 297 Schulleitungsmitgliedern und 1230 Lehrkraften aus 109 rheinland-pfalzischen Schulen. Zur Erfassung der jeweiligen Schulkultur wurde das Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) in einer eigenen schulbezogenen Adaptation verwendet. Die Analyse zeigt deutliche schulformspezifische Unterschiede der Schulkultur. Auf Schulebene lassen sich zudem signifikante Zusammenhange zwischen einer kooperativen und innovativen Schulkultur sowie der Nutzung interner Informationsquellen feststellen.
Development of TV advertising literacy in children

This study investigates the role of physical appearance (body mass index (BMI), body shapeperception, self-esteem) and variables related to eating habits (food choice, critical attitude towards food, parents’ attitude towards food) in the development of advertising literacy in children focusing on food advertising. Based on the concept of self-esteem and the theory of cognitive dissonance, a research model is developed and tested in an empirical study with 249children aged 7 to 11. Using PLS path modelling, self-esteem and critical attitude towards food are identified as factors influencing advertising literacy directly. Self-esteem is significantly influenced by children’s BMI and body shape perception, while critical attitude is determined by children’s food choices and children’s perception of their parents’ attitude towards food. Evidence was found that the influence of body shape perception on advertising literacy is fully mediated by self-esteem. The results link variables related to physical appearance and eating habits to how children deal with advertising. Implications for academic research and public policy are discussed, and the study raises issues for children’s advertising literacy support and training.
Effects on driving performance of long-term exposure to a seatbelt reminder system: findings from the Australian TAC SafeCar project

The TAC SafeCar study evaluated the impact of three intelligent transport system technologies, alone and in combination, on driver performance: intelligent speed adaptation, following distance warning and a seatbelt reminder system for all seated occupants. The project had several aims: to evaluate the technical operation of these technologies; to assess the acceptability to drivers of them; and to evaluate, in an on-road setting, the impact of them, alone and in combination, on driver performance and safety. Twenty-three fleet car drivers (15 treatment and 8 control drivers) participated in the on-road study. Each participant drove a SafeCar for at least 16,500 kilometres. The SafeCar project was the first to evaluate the effects on driving performance of long-term exposure to a seatbelt reminder system. The results are reported in this paper. Based on the results of the study, use of the is estimated to save the Australian community approximately AUD $335 million per annum in reduced HARM costs. These findings were yielded even though initial seatbelt wearing compliance rates in the community were high, suggesting that seatbelt reminder systems can be effective in improving seatbelt compliance among occupants who already have high wearing rates.
Lay health educators within primary care practices to improve cancer screening uptake for South Asian patients: challenges in quality improvement

Background Cancer screening uptake is known to be low among South Asian residents of Ontario. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if lay health educators embedded within the practices of primary care providers could improve willingness to screen and cancer screening uptake for South Asian patients taking a quality improvement approach. Materials and methods Participating physicians selected quality improvement initiatives to use within their offices that they felt could increase willingness to screen and cancer screening uptake. They implemented initiatives, adapting as necessary, for six months. Results Four primary care physicians participated in the study. All approximated that at least 60% of their patients were of South Asian ethnicity. All physicians chose to work with a preexisting lay health educator program geared toward South Asians. Health ambassadors spoke to patients in the office and telephoned patients. For all physicians, ~60% of South Asian patients who were overdue for cancer screening and who spoke directly to health ambassadors stated they were willing to be screened. One physician was able to track actual screening among contacted patients and found that screening uptake was relatively high: from 29.2% (colorectal cancer) to 44.6% (breast cancer) of patients came in for screening within six months of the first phone calls. Although physicians viewed the health ambassadors positively, they found the study to be time intensive and resource intensive, especially as this work was additional to usual clinical duties. Discussion Using South Asian lay health educators embedded within primary care practices to telephone patients in their own languages showed promise in this study to increase awareness about willingness to screen and cancer screening uptake, but it was also time intensive and resource intensive with numerous challenges. Future quality improvement efforts should further develop the phone call invitation process, as well as explore how to provide infrastructure for lay health educator training and time.
Geodesic behaviour around cosmological milestones

In this paper we provide a thorough classification of Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological models in terms of the strong or weak character of their singularities according to the usual definitions. The classification refers to a generalised Puiseux power expansion of the scale factor of the model around a singular event.
Valuing Operational Flexibility in Manufacturing Systems Using Real Options

In this paper, we look across the manufacturing enterprise to consider opportunities to improve value by switching among suppliers, plants, and markets. We extend this model to address the reality that these switches may often take a period of transition time, rather than occur instantaneously. We value the real options associated with this flexible approach using both a lattice and Monte Carlo simulation. This valuation gives decision makers a way to choose the appropriate manufacturing enterprise strategy based on an integrated view of the market dynamics. Overall, the manufacturing enterprise maximizes its expected, discounted profit through effective supply chain network decisions.
Zephyr: A social psychology-based mobile application for long-distance romantic partners

Bodicherla, Dhiraj M.S., Purdue University, May 2016. Zephyr: A social psychology-based mobile application for long-distance romantic partners. Major Professor: David M. Whittinghill. Long-distance romantic relationships have become quite common nowadays. With CMC tools advancing day-by-day, their usage among LDRs is proliferating rapidly. Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance can block the ability to enjoy happy relationships. During such situations, remembering happy past moments can be comforting. In this study a mobile chat application that enables LDR couples to reminisce about happy moments was developed. This study primarily focuses on evaluating the usability of this mobile application using survey-based methods. System Usability Scale was considered to discuss the outcome of the study. The overall results provide useful recommendations for further improvements in the design of this application.
Determination of Executive Compensation in an Emerging Economy. Evidence from India

Most studies of the determination of executive compensation are based on the experience of developed countries, and mainly focus on Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation. Determination of board compensation is relatively ignored in the literature. This paper examines the effect of corporate governance, firm performance, and corporate diversification on the board, as well as CEO compensation and its components, in the context of an emerging economy-India-where a managerial market has yet to develop. Data for 462 firms for 1997-2002 in the Indian manufacturing sector have been used. This paper finds that board compensation largely depends on current- and past-year performance and diversification of the firm, whereas CEO compensation depends on current-year firm performance only. Among the personal attributes of the CEO, only in-firm experience has significant influence on CEO compensation. This finding contradicts the existing studies, where current- and past-year firm performance, as well as age, experience, and education of the CEO are important factors in determining CEO compensation.
PENGARUH SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING TERHADAP WORD OF MOUTH DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Konsumen Cafe Mochimaco Malang yang Menggunakan Instagram)

This study aims to (1) identify and analyze the influence of social media advertising on word of mouth, (2) identify and analyze the influence of social media advertising on consumer purchasing decisions, (3) identify and analyze the information influence of word of mout on consumer purchasing decisions. This type of research is explanatory research with quantitative approach. Variables examined included social media advertising, word of mouth, and purchasing decisions. The population of this research is that consumers Cafe Mochimaco Malang who use the social networking site Instagram. The sample used in this study were 100 respondents to the questionnaire research instruments. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling with sample criteria that consumers browsing Cafe Mochimaco Malang. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis and path analysis (path analysis). The results of path analysis (path analysis) shows that (1) social media advertising (X) significantly influence word of mouth (Z) with a beta value of 0.356, (2) social media advertising (X) have a significant effect on purchase decisions (Y) with a beta value of 0.257, (3) word of mouth (Z) have a significant effect on purchase decisions (Y) with a beta value of 0.376. Key word : Social Media Advertising, Word Of Mouth, Purchase Decisions ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui dan meganalisis pengaruh social media advertising terhadap word of mouth, (2) mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh social media advertising terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen, (3) mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh informasi word of mout terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi social media advertising, word of mouth, dan keputusan pembelian. Populasi penelitian ini adalah konsumen Cafe Mochimaco Malang yang menggunakan situs jejaring sosial Instagram. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 responden dengan instrumen penelitian kuesioner. Tehnik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan kriteria sampel yaitu konsumen yang sedang berada di Cafe Mochimaco Malang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur ( path analisis ). Hasil analisis jalur ( path analisis ) menunjukkan bahwa (1) social media advertising (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap word of mouth (Z) dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,356, (2) social media advertising (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,257, (3) word of mouth (Z) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,376. Kata Kunci: Social Media Advertising, Word Of Mouth, Keputusan Pembelian
Okullarda Liderlik Ekibi Uyumu ve Öğretmen Performansı İlişkisinde İş Doyumunun Aracı Etkisi

Bu arastirmada okullarda dagitilmis liderlik ile ogretmen performansi iliskisinde is doyumunun araci etkisi incelenmistir. Bu amacla Zonguldak iline bagli okullarda gorev yapan 261 ogretmenin gorusune basvurulmustur. Arastirma verileri Liderlik Ekibi Uyumu Olcegi (LEUO), Isgoren Performansi Olcegi (IPO) ve Is Doyumu Olcegi (IDO) ile toplanmistir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiklerin yani sira yapisal esitlik modellemesinden (YEM) yararlanilmistir. Analiz sonuclari liderligin okullarda mudur, mudur basyardimcisi ile mudur yardimcilari arasinda orta duzeyde dagildigini ortaya koymustur. Bununla birlikte katilimcilarin is doyum ve performans puanlarinin ise kismen yuksek oldugu saptanmistir. Korelasyon analizleri, arastirma degiskenleri arasinda pozitif yonde, orta duzeyde ve anlamli iliskiler oldugunu gostermistir. Path analizi ise dagitilmis liderlik ile ogretmen performansi iliskisinde is doyumunun ‘kismi araci’ etkisine sahip oldugunu ortaya cikartmistir. Arastirma bulgularina dayali olarak ogretmen performansinda dagitilmis liderlik etkisinin is doyumu araciligi ile gerceklestigi genel sonucuna ulasilmistir.
The Riemann-Lanczos Problem as an Exterior Differential System with Examples in 4 and 5 Dimensions

The key problem of the theory of exterior differential systems (EDS) is to decide whether or not a system is in involution. The special case of EDSs generated by one-forms (Pfaffian systems) can be adequately illustrated by a 2-dimensional example. In 4 dimensions two such problems arise in a natural way, namely, the Riemann-Lanczos and the Weyl-Lanczos problems. It is known from the work of Bampi and Caviglia that the Weyl-Lanczos problem is always in involution in both 4 and 5 dimensions but that the Riemann-Lanczos problem fails to be in involution even for 4 dimensions. However, singular solutions of it can be found. We give examples of singular solutions for the Goedel, Kasner and Debever-Hubaut spacetimes. It is even possible that the singular solution can inherit the spacetime symmetries as in the Debever-Hubaut case. We comment on the Riemann-Lanczos problem in 5 dimensions which is neither in involution nor does it admit a 5-dimensional involution of Vessiot vector fields in the generic case.