Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation activities and innovation performances of SMEs: The Korean electronic parts industry 1990–19951)

Summary This study empirically examines the antecedents and performance consequences of innovation activities of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) based on a comparative static analysis of 123 SMEs in the Korean electronic parts industry. Prior innovation capability, the dominant functional career of the CEO, and the centralization and integration of the organizational structure during the t1 period (1990–1992) are found to have a positive impact on innovation activities during the t2 period (1993–1995), including research and development (R&D) intensity, technical manpower ratio, and the number of collaborative R&D projects. Innovation activities during the t2 period, in turn, increase the innovation performances during the same period, such as the number of patents, number of new products, and gain in labor productivity. This study also finds that the negative interaction of the centralization of organizational structure during the t1 period and the innovation activities during the t2 period affects innovation performances during the t2 period. Finally, this study discusses several theoretical and practical implications concerning the development of innovation capabilities in advanced latecomer SMEs based on the results. Future research directions are also suggested.
Shaping Earnings Mobility: Policy and Institutional Factors

This paper explores the role of labour market policy and institutional factors in explaining cross-national differences in earnings mobility across Europe in the 1990s using the European Community Household Panel and OECD data on institutional variables. More regulation in both labour and product markets emerge as sources of labour market rigidity, being positively associated with earnings immobility and exacerbating the adverse effects of macro-economic shocks on earnings mobility. Unionization is found to promote earnings mobility, effect, however, counteracted in periods with adverse macroeconomic shocks. Corporatism is found to promote mobility and to counteract the adverse effects of macroeconomic shocks on earnings mobility. The generosity of the unemployment benefit is found to limit the adverse effects of macroeconomic shocks on earnings mobility.
Stresses Associated with Career Success for Women *

In recent years, more women have pursued careers in business and the traditionally male professions. Those that have succeeded live with a high degree of environmental stress. Since some of them are now consulting psychiatrists it is important that the psychiatrist be able to differentiate difficulties which have a cultural basis from those stemming from individual psychodynamics. Cultural stresses have been reviewed under three headings: inaccurate stereotypes; inadequate cultural supports; and role overload. It has been suggested that contact with her peer group is extremely important for this type of woman patient. The peer group provides both support and a frame of reference within which individual problems may be understood.
Bloom's syndrome. VI. The disorder in Israel and an estimation of the gene frequency in the Ashkenazim.

An effort was made to identify all individuals with Bloom's syndrome living in Israel between September 1971 and September 1972. Each of the eight individuals located were Jewish and could readily be classified Ashkenazic. The frequency of the Bloom's syndrome gene in Ashkenazim was estimated to be . 0042 (minimum), implying a heterozygote frequency greater than 1 in 120. A striking distortion of the sex ratio (M/F = 7.0) may have been due to underascertainment of affected females. One of the affected individuals ascertained during the survey subsequently has died from cancer, which is in keeping with the recognized cancer proneness of this condition. Four of the affected have married, but no conception is known to have occurred, which suggests that sub- or infertility is a feature of the syndrome.
Predation, Taxation, Investment and Violence: Evidence from the Philippines

The literature relating economic activity to political violence posits greedy rebels (Collier, 2000) but not greedy governments. Could capturing tax revenue motivate governments to step up their counter insurgency operations, just as extortion motivates rebel violence? Panel data on political violence in the Philippines distinguish government from rebel attacks, which we link to private investment across 70 provinces. To formally explore these data we expand an established theory of asymmetric substate conflict –the “information-centric” model, adding firms, investment, taxation and predation (i.e., extortionary violence by rebels in response to investment) to the interplay of government, rebels and civilians, generating testable implications. The data show that increases in investment predict increases in both government-initiated attacks and rebel-initiated attacks. In the year following increased investment government attacks decrease. In the context of our expanded model, these empirical results suggest that both rebels and governments contest economic rents.
Evaluation of the predictive performance of biased regression estimators

Regression models are widely used in forecasting, either directly as prediction equations, or indirectly as the basis of other procedures. The predictive performance of a regression model can be adversely affected by both multicollinearity and high-leverage data points. Although biased estimation procedures have been proposed as an alternative to least squares, there has been little analysis of the predictive performance of the resulting equations. This paper discusses the predictive performance of various biased estimators, emphasizing the concept that the predictive region, as well as the strength of the multicollinearity, dictates the choice of appropriate coefficient estimators.
Venous and Capillary Hematocrit in Newborn Infants and Placental Transfusion

Hematocrit values were measured on one hundred and eleven sets of capillary (from unwarmed and warmed heels) and venous blood samples obtained simultaneously during the first 5 days of life from 60 full term newborn infants, 40 of which the umbilical cords were clamped late, and 20 clamped early a t the time of birth.
China's Integration into the World Economy: Implications for Developing Countries

With China's accession to the World Trade Organization in late 2001, many of its trading partners have become concerned that the resulting increased competition in the world's goods and capital markets will adversely affect their own growth prospects. This paper argues that China's closer integration into the world economy will impose adjustment costs on its trading partners in the short to medium term, but that the benefits it generates are likely to dominate in the long run.
Predicting customers' behavioral intentions toward ATM services

Purpose – The present study aims at developing an integrated model designed to predict and explain the various factors that influence customers' behavioral intentions to use or not to use one particular SST, i.e. ATM services. Design/methodology/approach – A list of households in a particular Indian city was obtained from the municipal corporation. 268 respondents were contacted using systematic sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was used to demonstrate the stability of the proposed model and to test the hypotheses. Findings – The study finds that bank customers are less innovative and less optimistic to try out new technologies. Usefulness of the technology helps in developing positive attitude towards the technology. Customers' intentions to use technology are significantly affected by their attitude towards the technology. Research limitations/implications – The present study confines to only two banks and that too limited to the branches of these banks operating in one city only. Practic.
The level and structure of CEO compensation: Does ownership matter?

The aim of this paper is to determine whether the structure of ownership of a firm matters for determining the compensation of its CEO. To do that, we construct a database containing the structure of ownership as well as the CEO compensation for 104 French firms listed in the SBF120 index on a period spanning from 2005 to 2012. Ownership is categorized according to two main criteria: the degree of involvement and the investment horizon of shareholders. The results show that the less involved the shareholders are into the control of the company, the higher the CEO salary will be. The salary appears eventually as a measure of the degree of delegation to the CEO. Secondly, we find that bonuses are related to the time horizon of shareholders: the more short-term oriented shareholders are, the higher the weight of bonuses and the more sensitive to annual accounting and financial performance of the company they will be. Thirdly, equity-based compensation is used evenly by almost all types of shareholders, but the annual sensitivity to accounting and financial performance is higher for less involved and short-term investors. Eventually, our results show that agency theory prescriptions about CEO compensation are mostly applied by short-term and less involved shareholders.
Night-shift Discharge from Intensive Care Unit Increases the Mortality-risk of ICU Survivors

Intensive Care (ICU) survivors discharged from ICU to the general ward at night have a higher mortality1,2. We sought to clarify which factors, including night-shift discharge, influence outcome following ICU discharge in a metropolitan hospital, using a cohort study of critically-ill patients between 1/1/1999-30/4/2003. Patients were excluded from analysis if they (a) died in ICU, (b) were transferred to another hospital, (c) had an ICU length of stay <8 hours, or (d) age <16 years. Logistic regression was used to derive a predictive model based on the following variables: patient demographics, severity of illness following ICU admission (APACHE II mortality-risk, pm), final diagnosis, discharge timing including premature or delayed (>4 hours) ICU discharge, and “limitation of medical treatment” orders. The outcome measures were patient status at hospital discharge and ICU readmission rate. Of the 1870 ICU survivors, 92 (4.9%) died after discharge from ICU. Patients discharged to the ward during the night-shift (2200-0730 hours) had a higher APACHE II score and crude mortality. The difference in APACHE II pm did not reach statistical significance. No significant calendar or seasonal pattern was identified. Logistic regression identified night-shift discharge (RR=1.7; 95% CI 1.03-2.9; P=0.03), limited medical treatment order (RR=5.1; 95% CI 2.2-12) and admission APACHE II pm (RR=3.3; 95% CI 1.3-7.6) as independent predictors of patient outcome following ICU transfer to the ward. Conclusion: At the time of ICU discharge to the ward three factors are predictive of hospital outcome: timing of ICU discharge, limited medical treatment orders and initial illness severity.
Is the Effect of Competition on Price Dispersion Non-Monotonic? Evidence from the U.S. Airline Industry

We investigate the effect of competition on price dispersion in the airline industry. Using panel data from 1993 to 2008, we find a nonmonotonic effect of competition on price dispersion. An increase in competition is associated with greater price dispersion in concentrated markets but with less price dispersion in competitive markets—an inverse-U relationship. Our empirical findings are consistent with an oligopolistic second-degree price discrimination model and encompass contradictory findings in the literature. © 2014 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Port development: from gateways to logistics hubs

Since the UNCTAD three generation port development model was proposed in 1990, changes in technology, working practices and the commercial environment have led to tighter and more sophisticated linkages between service providers, facilitators, operators and end customers. This was explored in more detail in the WORKPORT model which highlighted the way in which ports and the services they provide develop in an evolutionary rather than a revolutionary way. The political dimension can also play a lead role in port evolutionary paths, as the port is often seen both as a vital part of the supply chain and as a natural focus for regional development and employment initiatives. Depending on the type and form of cargo, customer requirements and other factors such as the degree to which ports are tied to a particular distribution channel varies. Ports remain convenient stockholding locations but where they have been made more responsive is in tailoring services to individual customers’ needs, thus becoming more agile. The role of ports within the supply chain has taken several different forms and development paths. In the UK the early expression of port logistics was in the form of intermodal facilities linked to the railway network and with emphasis on transport rather than value addition. Inland Container Depots (ICDs) and P&O Roadways Container Logistics Containerbases are examples of these traditional and conservative forms of activity. European approaches have been somewhat different building on their advantage of high volumes and proximity to very large ports. The development of Distriparks and company specific facilities such as Districenters (Nedlloyd) are classic examples of landlord-tenant solutions often seen in continental Europe. Most recently there has been evidence of convergence between the UK and continental models. Associated British Ports (ABP), for example, launched their ABP Connect Division in 2001 aimed at offering Fourth Party Logistics services tailored to individual port customers’ needs. The prospective development of large distripark-style facilities in the UK, e.g. at Hull and London Gateway, represents the latest stage in the evolutionary role of ports in the logistics chain.
Guidance method using laser pointer and gestures for librarian robot

This paper presents a guidance method using a laser pointer attached to a librarian robot and gestures consist of body movements. Our librarian robot, that is fixed in an experimental environment, is able to say greeting properly based on estimation results of human behavior using a laser range finder, talk with a library user with a natural language, search books depending on a user's request. When the robot explains where a requested book is in the library, it points out a target position using a laser spot while the body and head are also turned around to the direction of the target. This makes detailed oral explanations unnecessary. However, the robot cannot always point out a target position directly using the laser pointer. So we design three types of guidance using the laser pointer and the gestures depending on the library environment. Some experimental results reveal the validity and effectiveness of our proposed guidance method using the laser pointer and some gestures for our librarian robot.
Real Oil Prices Since the 1990s

In this study real oil price dynamics have been assessed over few important episodes since the 1990s. The evidence provides support to the demand side view: in this respect, macroeconomic shocks would appear to be the major upward driver of the real oil price over the whole period investigated, with financial shocks sizably contributing as well, and even at a larger extent since mid-2000s. A macro-finance perspective does appear to be important for the understanding of real oil price dynamics since the 1990s.
Gastric bypass surgery in adolescents with morbid obesity.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to review retrospectively all patients undergoing bariatric surgery at a large university medical center. METHODS Ten adolescents 17 years or younger underwent gastric bypass surgery; 7 of 10 adolescents had severe obesity-related morbidities. Follow-up >1 year was present in 9 of 10 adolescents. RESULTS The average weight before surgery was 148 +/- 37 kg. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all adolescents; 9 of 10 adolescents had weight loss in excess of 30 kg (mean weight loss was 53.6 +/- 25.6 kg). Obesity related morbidities resolved in all adolescents. Five adolescents had mild iron deficiency anemia, and 3 adolescents had transient folate deficiency. Late complications requiring operative treatment occurred in 4 of the adolescents. CONCLUSION Gastric bypass surgery was an effective method for weight reduction in morbidly obese adolescents. The procedure was well tolerated, with few unanticipated side effects. Gastric bypass remains a last resort option for severely obese adolescents for whom other dietary and behavioral approaches to weight loss have been unsuccessful.
Sraffa after Marx: a new intepretation ∗

In the interpretation of Sraffa's work offered here the critique of the marginalist theory of value and distribution is considered an objective of secondary importance. Greater emphasis is placed on the attempt to criticize economic theory in general. Production of commodities is a ‘prelude to a critique of economic theory’ in the same way in which the first chapter of Marx's Capital is a prelude to the ‘critique of plitical economy’. This article shows how Sraffa works out a crucial theoretical problem in the Marxian analysis of the reproduction schemes: the problem of determining the ratios at which commodities are exchanged when the economy is in reproduction equilibrium. Marx was not completely aware of this problem, which, still, is the basis of the analysis of value. It is also shown that these difficulties originate from the existence of a strong Ricardian residue in the Marxian concept of value; and that Sraffa succeeds in overcoming them precisely because he breaks away from Ricardo more than Mar.
Gaze allocation in natural stimuli: Comparing free exploration to head-fixed viewing conditions

“Natural” gaze is typically measured by tracking eye positions during scene presentation in laboratory settings. How informative are such investigations for real-world conditions? Using a mobile eyetracking setup (“EyeSeeCam”), we measure gaze during free exploration of various in- and outdoor environments, while simultaneously recording head-centred videos. Here, we replay these videos in a laboratory setup. Half of the laboratory observers view the movies continuously, half as sequences of static 1-second frames. We find a bias of eye position to the stimulus centre, which is strongest in the 1 s frame replay condition. As a consequence, interobserver consistency is highest in this condition, though not fully explained by spatial bias alone. This leaves room for image specific bottom-up models to predict gaze beyond generic biases. Indeed, the “saliency map” predicts eye position in all conditions, and best for continuous replay. Continuous replay predicts real-world gaze better than 1 s frame replay does. In conclusion, experiments and models benefit from preserving the spatial statistics and temporal continuity of natural stimuli to improve their validity for real-world gaze behaviour.
Relation Between Predisclosure Information Asymmetry and Trading Volume Reaction Around Quarterly Earnings Announcements

This study investigates the effects of differences in predisclosure information asymmetry on trading volume reaction during quarterly earnings announcements. The analyses show that trading volume reaction to quarterly earnings announcements is positively related to the level of predisclosure information asymmetry and to the magnitude of the price reaction to the announcements. These results are consistent with Kim and Verrecchia's (1991a) theoretical trading volume proposition, and with Atiase and Bamber's (1994) tests of the proposition based on annual earnings announcements. This study also provides evidence on the relation of predisclosure information asymmetry and trading volume before and after quarterly earnings announcements. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1997.
Laissez-Faire Banking

1. Introduction Part One: Free-Banking Theory 2. Automatic Stabilizing Mechanism Under Free Banking 3. Option Clauses and the Stability of a Laissez-Faire Monetary System 4. Monetary Freedom and Monetary Stability 5. Is Banking a Natural Monopoly? 6. Models of Banking Instability. Part Two: Historical Experience 7. Australian Free Banking 8. U.S.Banking in the 'Free Banking' Period 9. Money and Banking: The American Experience 10. Did Central Banks Evolve Naturally? 11. The Evolution of Central Banking in England, 1821-1890 12. The Evolution of Central Banking in England: A Reply to My Critics. Part Three: Monetary and Banking Reform 13. Stopping Inflation 14. Does Europe Need a Federal Reserve System? 15. Evaluating the Hard ECU 16. The U.S. Banking Crisis: The Way Out
Measuring the success of an online community

This article presents a new way of thinking about assessing the value of online communities. The author examines both the different kinds of communities and the specific ways in which these communities might be evaluated. Three concepts are important to measuring the value of these communities: the incremental value a community generates, how to determine community membership, and the importance of converting visiting members to using members.
New wine in old bottles: A meta-analysis of Ricardian equivalence

A quantitative review, or meta-analysis, of 28 empirical studies of the Ricardian equivalence theorem (RET) gives persuasive testament of its falsity. Although there is great dissonance concerning the validity of Ricardian equivalence among contributors and reviewers alike, my meta-analysis reveals that the testing record, as a whole, entails a strong empirical rejection of RET. This conclusion is further strengthened by the fact that both a study's degrees of freedom and its proper econometric specification increase the likelihood of rejection. A meta-regression analysis identifies nine study characteristics that help explain the large study-to-study variation found among reported RET test results (R2 = 83%).
Institutional Ownership of Publicly Traded U.S. Newspaper Companies

I explore the role of institutional investors in public newspaper companies. Analyses revealed that institutions own shares in all 17 of the companies under study and are the primary owners of half of the companies. Results also revealed that there is significant cross-ownership of companies by these investors. I argue that various degrees and forms of institutional ownership create different potential for influence by the institutional investors, discuss means of assessing this potential, and show that at least 5 of the newspaper firms examined produce multiple-warning signals of potential influence.
The Baumol Gap Revisited. An econometric analysis of the productivity differential between U.K. manufacturing and service firms, 1982–1989

The gap in productivity growth between manufacturing and service sectors is analyzed at company level using a panel of 328 British companies. This paper evaluates differences in the rate of growth of technological progresss (“Baumol gap”) in manufacturing and service companies, taking full account of the impact of changes in market competition, union recognition and financial position of firms. The empirical results suggest: (i) the gap in total factor productivity is significant and negative for distribution, lodging and catering sectors, positive but less significant for transport and communication sectors; (ii) the technological gap is higher than the gap in labour productivity; (iii) the gap can be attributed to technological factors, and it is invariant to the use of firm–level variables that capture effects on workers and managers effort; (iv) the estimate of total factor productivity growth in manufacturing and services is slightly influenced by these variables.