Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allspice and Clove As Source of Triterpene Acids Activating the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor TGR5

Worldwide, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. A major regulator of metabolic processes that gained interest in recent years is the bile acid receptor TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). This G protein-coupled membrane receptor can be found predominantly in the intestine, where it is mainly responsible for the secretion of the incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). The aim of this study was (i) to identify plant extracts with TGR5-activating potential, (ii) to narrow down their activity to the responsible constituents, and (iii) to assess whether the intestinal microbiota produces transformed metabolites with a different activity profile. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) served as positive control for both, the applied cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay for TGR5 activity and the biotransformation assay using mouse fecal slurry. The suitability of the workflow was demonstrated by the biotransformation of CDCA to lithocholic acid resulting in a distinct increase in TGR5 activity. Based on a traditional Tibetan formula, 19 plant extracts were selected and investigated for TGR5 activation. Extracts from the commonly used spices Syzygium aromaticum (SaroE, clove), Pimenta dioica (PdioE, allspice), and Kaempferia galanga (KgalE, aromatic ginger) significantly increased TGR5 activity. After biotransformation, only KgalE showed significant differences in its metabolite profile, which, however, did not alter its TGR5 activity compared to non-transformed KgalE. UHPLC-HRMS (high-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis revealed triterpene acids (TTAs) as the main constituents of the extracts SaroE and PdioE. Identification and quantification of TTAs in these two extracts as well as comparison of their TGR5 activity with reconstituted TTA mixtures allowed the attribution of the TGR5 activity to TTAs. EC50s were determined for the main TTAs, i.e., oleanolic acid (2.2 ± 1.6 μM), ursolic acid (1.1 ± 0.2 μM), as well as for the hitherto unknown TGR5 activators corosolic acid (0.5 ± 1.0 μM) and maslinic acid (3.7 ± 0.7 μM). In conclusion, extracts of clove, allspice, and aromatic ginger activate TGR5, which might play a pivotal role in their therapeutic use for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Moreover, the TGR5 activation of SaroE and PdioE could be pinpointed solely to TTAs.
HEMŞİRELERİN MOTİVASYON DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLER: GÜLHANE ASKERİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ EĞİTİM HASTANESİNDE BİR UYGULAMA

Amac: Tanimlayici nitelikte olan bu arastirma ile, Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi Egitim Hastanesinde gorev yapmakta olan 621 hemsirenin motivasyon duzeylerine etki eden faktorlerin belirlenmesi ve degerlendirmesi amaclandi. Yontem: Arastirmada, Karakaya ve Ay tarafindan gelistirilen “Motivasyon Faktorleri Anketi” kullanildi. Arastirma anketinin yapisal gecerliligini test etmek icin faktor analizinden yararlanildi. Anketin guvenilirligini test etmek icin ise Cronbach Alfa degerleri hesaplandi. Tanimlayici istatistikler, frekans, yuzde, ortalama ve standart sapma ile gosterildi. Gruplararasi karsilastirmalar icin t testi ve tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) uygulandi. Bulgular: Hemsirelerin motivasyonunu etkileyen unsurlar 4 faktor (Yonetsel Uygulamalar, Calisma Ortami Ozellikleri, Isle Ilgili Ozellikler, Bireysel Ozellikler) altinda toplandi. Hemsirelerin egitim durumu ile Yonetsel Uygulamalar (faktor-1) x2 =10.792; p=0.013) ve Isle Ilgili Ozellikler (faktor-3) (x2 =18.715; p
The effect of chord-wise flexibility on the aerodynamic force generation of flapping wings: Experimental studies

Wings of insects are flexible structures. Although there has been much recent progress in the area of insect flight aerodynamics, very little is known about how wing flexibility influences aerodynamic forces during flapping flight. We investigated this question using a dynamically scaled mechanical model of insect wings. Using a suite of wings with varying flexural stiffness (EI) values, we generated aerodynamic polar plots to characterize the force coefficients of flexible wings. These polar plots showed that the aerodynamic performance of the wings varied with wing flexibility. In general, aerodynamic force production decreased with increasing flexibility. Both lift and drag coefficients of wings are greater when wings are more rigid. However, at very high angles of attack, flexible wings generated greater lift than a rigid wing. In addition, the ratio of lift-to-drag also decreased with increasing flexibility. These data show that flexible wings offer no aerodynamic advantage over a rigid wing under steady state circumstances. Because wing material in insects is usually flexible but reinforced by wing veins, we tested the hypothesis that wing veins enhance the aerodynamic performance of wings by increasing their effective stiffness. Our data suggests that even a very basic framework of appropriately placed wing veins can substantially increase the functional rigidity of the wings thereby enhancing its aerodynamic performance.
Acquiring Commonsense Knowledge for Sentiment Analysis through Human Computation

Many Artificial Intelligence tasks need large amounts of commonsense knowledge. Because obtaining this knowledge through machine learning would require a huge amount of data, a better alternative is to elicit it from people through human computation. We consider the sentiment classification task, where knowledge about the contexts that impact word polarities is crucial, but hard to acquire from data. We describe a novel task design that allows us to crowdsource this knowledge through Amazon Mechanical Turk with high quality. We show that the commonsense knowledge acquired in this way dramatically improves the performance of established sentiment classification methods.
Mechanism of action of cathinone: the active ingredient of khat (Catha edulis).

OBJECTIVE To review the current understanding of the mechanism of action of cathinone, the active ingredient of khat. DATA SOURCE Published experimental studies on the nature and action and effect of cathinone on the central nervous system both in animals and humans. DATA EXTRACTION Data was taken from work published on the mechanism of action of cathinone and also from work where the action of cathinone and amphetamine was compared. DATA SYNTHESIS Data from various studies on cathinone was compared for common themes with regards to its action and similarity with the known mechanism of action of amphetamine. CONCLUSION The experimental work shows that cathinone is a liable substance, structually related to amphetamine, and similarly to amphetamine, increases the levels of dopamine in the brain by acting on the cathecholaminergic synaspes. Hence the psychostimulant effect of khat can be accounted for by the mechanism of cathinone, which is considered to be its main active ingredient.
Development of spatial representations: role of task demands and familiarity with the environment.

COHEN, ROBERT; WEATHERFORD, DAVID L. ; LOMENICK, TERRI; and KOELLER, KELLY. Development of Spatial Representations: Role of Task Demands and Familiarity with the Environment. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 1257-1260. First and fifth graders estimated all interlocation distances among 6 objects in 1 of 2 environments: a familiar library or a novel arrangement of objects in a room. Estimations were performed in a large empty classroom, with each child receiving 1 of 3 task instructions. The magnitude-estimation task required a rescaling of represented distances, the straight-line-reconstruction task required a reorientation of distance estimates, while the free-reconstruction task required neither a rescaling nor a reorienting of estimates. First graders were as accurate as fifth graders under free-reconstruction instructions but were significantly less accurate in the other instruction conditions. Fifth graders were equally accurate across all three estimation tasks. This pattern of results was the same for judgments of distances in both environments, although both age groups were more accurate for distances in the novel environment than for distances in the familiar setting. These findings support Pick, suggesting an increase in the ability to shift among spatial frames of reference with development, and Piaget and Inhelder's proposed sequence of mastery of spatial knowledge from topological to projective and Euclidean relationships. The roles of task demands and familiarity with an environment for conclusions concerning the nature and development of spatial representations are discussed.
Family-centred residential care : The new reality?

This paper considers therapeutic approaches to residential care with specific attention to the question of family involvement. It builds on a body of literature indicating the potential of residential care as a positive intervention for young people, and examines the contention that – even when family problems contribute to a young person's accommodation in residential care – family involvement could improve long-term outcomes. The literature reviewed indicates that family involvement is indeed important. Mixed research findings reflect the diversity of approaches to family-centred practice, but there is evidence of benefits in relation to a range of child outcomes. However, the literature also shows that family-centred residential care is not easy to achieve. More than parent–child contact, it entails genuine involvement of parents, in decision-making and in children's daily lives. Professionals – including social workers and residential care workers – must not only be concerned with the care and development of the child, but also with the role of the parent in their child's development, understood within an ecological perspective.
Pengaruh Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan dalam Menanggulangi Krisis terhadap Reputasi Perusahaan

Abstract: It must be admitted that reputation is an important part of company to run its business. Â Regarding the fact that reputation is very fragile in responding the influence of crisis, it is necessary to chose appropriate strategy in maintaining the reputation. Based on this regard, the research aims to examine the extent to which companyâ€™s effort to overcome crisis influences the maintanence of its reputation. The appropriate communication theory from which this research is started, is Coombs and Holladayâ€™s Situational Crisis Theory. SCT theory exemplifies a number of strategic effortÂ of companyâ€™s which will be effective to overcome crisis. In this sense, it may be not too exaggerated to mention that the theory provide a usefull guideline for managers to overcome crises which potentially influence reputation. Furthermore, the research employs survey method to gather data from respondents.The result of the research shows that kind of responsibility chosen by company as its effort to overcome the crises would significantly influence the reputation. Â Abstrak: Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah reputasi penting bagi perusahaan dalam menjalankan bisnisnya. Reputasi perusahaan dapat rusak akibat sesuatu yang tidak terduga yang disebut krisis. Reputasi perusahaan harus dilindungi dari berbagai ancaman, dan untuk mengatasinya manajer krisis perlu memilih strategi respon proteksi terhadap reputasi. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menemukan korelasi antara bentuk-bentuk tanggungjawab krisis perusahaan bagi pemulihan reputasi. Desain dari penelitian ini berasal teori komunikasi krisis situasional Coombs dan Holladayâ€™s yang menjadi panduan bagi manajer krisis memahami strategi respon krisis. Teori ini menyimpulkan bentuk-bentuk tanggungjawab krisis dan reputasi perusahaan merupakan variabel penentu. Analisa penelitian menggunakan metode survei responden yang berisi tiga stimulus kejadian krisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pilihan tanggungjawab perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap reputasi.
Quantitative evaluation of energy distribution of interface trap density at MoS2 MOS interfaces by the Terman method

We have evaluated interfacial properties of exfoliated MoS<inf>2</inf> MOS interfaces with HfO<inf>2</inf>, Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, and SiO<inf>2</inf> by C-V measurements of thick-body MoS<inf>2</inf> MOS capacitors. The Terman method have revealed that most of the MoS<inf>2</inf> MOS interfaces exhibit a D<inf>it</inf> peak of approximately 1×10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>eV<sup>−1</sup> at an energy level of around 0.35–0.4 eV from the midgap regardless of the gate dielectrics, which is attributable to the sulfur vacancies of MoS2. We have also revealed that some MoS<inf>2</inf> MOS interfaces have a nearly constant D<inf>it</inf> of around 1×10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>eV<sup>−1</sup> when there seems to be no sulfur vacancies. The analysis of the subthreshold swings in the MoS<inf>2</inf> MOSFETs and TCAD simulation support the same energy distribution of D<inf>it</inf>. Thus, we have successfully grasped the energy distribution of D<inf>it</inf> at the native MoS2 MOS interfaces which is not strongly dependent on the gate dielectrics.
A 0.6-22-GHz broadband CMOS distributed amplifier

A CMOS distributed amplifier (DA) covering 0.6 to 22 GHz is presented in this paper. Cascode gain cells and m-derived matching sections are used to enhance the gain and bandwidth performance. The DA chip achieves measured gain of 7.3 /spl plusmn/ 0.8 dB with chip area of 0.9 /spl times/ 1.5 mm/sup 2/ including testing pads. The amplifier was fabricated in a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and demonstrated the highest frequency and bandwidth of operation among previously reported amplifiers using regular CMOS processes to date.
Moving from conceptual ambiguity to operational clarity: Employability, enterprise and entrepreneurship in higher education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the terms “employability”, “enterprise” and “entrepreneurship” are currently being used, often interchangeably, within higher education, and to propose how to clarify this issue with the terminology.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken is to discuss the three terms and some of their current conceptualisations and suggest ways to clarify the terminology. Possible methods of operationalising the three concepts within higher education are also suggested.Findings – Employability, enterprise and entrepreneurship are high on the agendas of many higher education institutions. There is a crucial need for agreement on definitions particularly when strategies are being implemented. It is suggested that currently the terminology is often used carelessly and interchangeably, resulting in confusion for HE staff, students and employers.Originality/value – The paper offers a clear way of defining the concepts and will be of value to anybody with an intere.
Case Management Model or Case Manager Type? That is the Question

Case management models have been categorized many different ways, but classification into two generic models is proposed here: an interrogative model that relies on intense oversight with expected cost reduction and a patient advocacy model that relies on a brokering arrangement for services in the best interest of the patient. A randomized trial in an elderly, functionally impaired population resulted in the implementation of a patient advocacy model and suggests that this model results in increased service use and costs, but that increased survival rates may justify the additional cost.
Jewish Law and the Definition of Mental Retardation

Abstract The main goal of the presentation is to explore the status of people with intellectual disability within Jewish Law (Halacha), to compare it with the traditional definition of mental retardation from 1983 and the latest American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) definition from 1992. Although, in its formative stages, Judaism did not have the diagnostic means or instruments useful for defining intellectual disability, its definitions are quite similar to the 1992 AAMR definition. This new definition eliminated the use of retardation levels and called on professionals to relate to people, who are intellectually disabled according to the abilities and limitations in the person's diverse areas of functioning. The status of people with intellectual disability within Jewish Law was determined according to the degree to which the person can understand acts, which have halachic implications. The goal of the discussion of the halachic status of people with mental retardation is to facilitate their integration within the community and this perception is quite similar to the 1992 definition.
Escala dE afEtos Positivos E NEgativos Para adolEscENtEs: adaPtação, Normatização E EvidêNcias dE validadE

This study aimed to adapt a positive and negative affect scale for adolescents. Participants were 425 students, aged between 14 and 19 years. Students were tested in their classrooms. Principal component analysis revealed a bifactorial solution. The first factor, positive affect, had an eigenvalue of 8.1 and explained 29% of the total variance. The second factor, negative affect, had an eigenvalue of 3.6 and explained 12.4% of the total variance. Internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha, was . 88 for both positive and negative affect scales. Positive correlations were found between positive affect and self-esteem and life satisfaction. Negative correlations were found between negative affect and these two variables. In addition, males presented higher scores of positive affect, while females showed higher scores of negative affect. Local norms for interpreting scores are presented.
Positive and Negative Affect in IT Evaluation: A Longitudinal Study

This study investigates the impacts of affective evaluations of IT on IT use decisions. We propose two object-based affective evaluation constructs: perception of an IT’s capability to induce positive affect (PC-PA) and perception of the IT’s capability to induce negative affect (PC-NA). A longitudinal study shows that PC-PA and PC-NA are distinct concepts that have different effects on commonly studied IT adoption factors, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and attitude toward using the IT (ATB). These effects hold true during both initial use and continued use. PC-PA influences PU, PEOU and ATB but becomes less important to PU over time, and PC-NA only influences PEOU but becomes more important to PEOU over time. The study also offers a specific instrument on measuring affective evaluations of IT and points out future research directions.
Acute Humoral Rejection in Kidney Transplantation

In recent years, the deleterious clinical consequences of recipient de novo alloantibody production against HLA antigens from human organ allografts have been extensively investigated. In kidney transplantation, the identification of the complement C4d fragment in peritubular capillaries as a specific marker for humoral rejection has helped to define and characterize distinct clinical alloantibody-mediated syndromes. This knowledge is relevant for patient management as new therapeutic strategies to remove and control anti-donor antibody production, particularly in the setting of acute humoral rejection, have been reported. For recipients of nonrenal organ allografts such as heart transplant recipients, de novo anti-HLA alloantibody may also be important, although more studies are needed before clear guidelines can be proposed.
Investigating personal characteristics on e-banking adoption

Article history: Received August 16, 2013 Received in revised format 12 September 2013 Accepted 1 November 2013 Available online November 1 2013 During the past few years, there have been increasing interests on doing banking transactions using online services through internet. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to study the role of personal and social characteristics on acceptance of e-banking adoption. The proposed study designs two questionnaires and distributes them among 384 randomly selected people who use online banking in province of Alborz, Iran. The proposed study examines the effects of five factors including Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness on e-banking adoption. Using regression techniques, the study has confirmed that Neuroticism and Agreeableness have negative and meaningful impact on e-banking adoption while Conscientiousness has positive and meaningful relationship with e-banking adoption. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer-Social Network Development Revealed by the Brain Multivariate Correlation Map with 10 Monoamines and 11 Behaviors

Psychiatric disorders induced by social stress have suggested that monoamines play key roles in a whole brain network. To research an environmentally dependent neural network development of social psychology, we report our model animal study of peer-social behavior learning by screening the relevant monoamines in various brain regions in the light of social brain network. We have originally developed psycho-biological quantification batteries based on multivariate analysis over species, including the current subjects, domestic chicks (Gallus gallus). The chicks’ peer-social environment was regulated as grouped and isolated from just after hatching. After two weeks, their acquired behavioral features were examined in a social meeting with unfamiliar peers and then, quantified 10 kinds of monoamines in their 13 brain regions at their steady state under off lighted conditions in day-time. The whole brain concentration map visualized regional difference of 10 monoamines. Furthermore, we attempted to map behavioral feature correlation with each monoamine in the whole 13 brain regions. These results showed that isolated chicks expressed (1) significantly higher Dopamine (DA) of left caudal forebrain, (2) moderately higher Norepinephrine (NE) of thalamus-midbrain correlating with immobile and alert behavior. While 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) as well as Normetanephrine (NM) correlated with alert-immobile behavioral feature, Homovanillic Acid (HVA) seemed to weekly correlate with active-affinity behavior. In addition, there existed lateral asymmetry of the correlation generally as left-alert and right-affinity in the lateral part of the brain. These correlations between social behavior and monoamines would possibly contribute to comprehend the developmental mechanism of social brain networks. These findings open a new way in constituting a functional map by multivariate analysis of social behavior and monoamines and their metabolites