Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the long-term action of antidepressants.

The hypotheses on the pathophysiology of depression /mood disorders and on antidepressant mechanisms have greatly changed in recent years. The classical monoamine hypothesis was revealed to be simplistic, in that it could not explain the temporal delay in the therapeutic action of antidepressants. Converging lines of evidence have shown that adaptive changes in the several mechanisms of neuroplasticity are likely to be the cellular and molecular correlates of therapeutic effect. In this article, several mechanisms of neuroplasticity are analyzed in relation to the mechanism of antidepressants, ranging from changes in gene expression (including neurotrophic mechanisms), to synaptic transmission and plasticity, and neurogenesis. We propose that the current version of the hypothesis of antidepressant mechanism simply be called the “hypothesis of neuroplasticity. ” In the final section, we also briefly review the main current novel strategies in the pharmacology of depression and the new putative targets for antidepressants, with particular emphasis on nonmonoaminergic mechanisms.
Desired Compensation Adaptive Robust Control of a Linear-Motor-Driven Precision Industrial Gantry With Improved Cogging Force Compensation

This paper proposes a new model for cogging forces of linear motor systems. Sinusoidal functions of positions are used to effectively capture the largely periodic nature of cogging forces with respect to position, while B-spline functions are employed to account for the additional aperiodic part of cogging forces. This model is experimentally demonstrated to be able to capture both the periodic and nonperiodic characteristics of cogging force while having a linear parametrization form, which makes the online adaptive compensation of cogging forces possible and effective. A discontinuous-projection-based desired compensation adaptive robust controller (DCARC) is then constructed, which makes full use of the proposed cogging force model for an improved cogging force compensation. Comparative experimental results with various cogging force compensations are obtained on both axes of a linear-motor-driven industrial gantry. The results show that DCARC with the proposed model compensation achieves the best tracking performance among all the three algorithms tested, validating the proposed cogging force model. The excellent tracking performances obtained in the experiments also verify the effectiveness of the proposed ARC control algorithms in practical applications. The proposed model and control algorithm can be applied for other types of motor control systems as well.
RNA-Seq identifies redox balance related gene expression alterations under acute cadmium exposure in yeast.

The nonessential metal cadmium can cause cell toxicity and is associated with a range of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. In this study, cadmium-induced global gene expression profile of yeast was obtained using RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and further analyzed by means of informatics and experiments. A total of 912 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) (FDR of q < 0.01), including 415 Cd-inducible and 497 Cd-repressed genes were identified. Based on the DEGs, 25 cadmium responsive Clusters of Orthologous Group (COG) and three types of cadmium-induced Gene Ontology (GO) including cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes were analyzed in details. Thereafter, 79 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways under cadmium exposure were assigned. Collectively, 108 redox balance related genes were extracted under cadmium exposure. Meanwhile, cadmium exposure lowered cellular Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels significantly in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, cadmium exposure increased cellular GSH levels and decreased GSSG levels and also lowered GSSG/GSH ratio of cells, which supports experimentally our claim that the redox balance is the primary mechanism for cadmium toxicity. The results present in this study may provide new strategies for cadmium detoxification and prevention or therapies of cadmium-associated diseases.
Social Media References in Newspapers

Social media are increasingly being used as sources in mainstream news coverage. Yet, while the research so far has focused mainly on the use of social media in particular situations, such as breaking news coverage, during crisis news events or in times of elections, little attention is paid to journalists' routine, day-to-day monitoring of social media platforms. The aim of this study is to examine the use and selection of social media as sources in routine newspaper coverage. First, it presents a quantitative overview of all the articles published between January 2006 and December 2013 in the print editions of two Flemish (north Belgian) quality newspapers, De Standaard and De Morgen, that explicitly refer to Facebook, Twitter or YouTube. Next, a content analysis is conducted of a sample of newspaper articles published in 2013 that explicitly mention Facebook, Twitter or YouTube as sources of information. The goal of this content analysis is to examine the different appearances and functions of social media references in the news. The study thus provides a first insight into Belgian newspaper journalists' regular sourcing routines in relation to social media.
Promoter region of the nar operon of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and transcription initiation signals

The nar operon, which encodes the three subunits of nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli, is fully induced under anaerobic conditions with nitrate. Two distinct regulatory domains have been delineated in the 5' region of the operon which respond respectively to positive induction by the fnr gene product under anaerobic conditions and to positive induction by the narL gene product in the presence of nitrate (S.F. Li, T. Rabi, and J.A. DeMoss, J. Bacteriol. 164:25-32). To characterize these two regulatory regions, we determined the DNA sequence for a 500-base-pair (bp) region extending upstream from the first structural gene of the nar operon. Analysis of subsequent subclones of the operon established that the 5' limit of the nar operon lies between 215 and 260 bp upstream from the translational start site of the first structural gene. The region required for induction by the fnr gene product is located within 160 bp from the translation start site, while the region responding to induction by nitrate extends an additional 100 bp upstream. Protein fusions of lacZ with the N-terminal sequence of the narG gene were constructed so that beta-galactosidase formation was under the control of the nar promoter and one or both regulatory domains. Analysis of strains bearing these fusion plasmids indicated that the expression of the hybrid proteins paralleled that of nitrate reductase by the parent plasmids, demonstrating that the regulatory signals did not extend significantly into the first structural gene. The transcriptional start site and the level of the transcription were determined by the S1 mapping procedure. One major transcript was identified which initiated -50 bp from the translational start site of the first structural gene. The synthesis of the transcript was repressed aerobically, was fully induced by nitrate anaerobically, and was greatly reduced in an Fnr- mutant. Possible regulatory sequences were identified in the 200-bp regulatory region extending upstream from the transcription start site.
The Diploid Genome Sequence of an Individual Human

Presented here is a genome sequence of an individual human. It was produced from ∼32 million random DNA fragments, sequenced by Sanger dideoxy technology and assembled into 4,528 scaffolds, comprising 2,810 million bases (Mb) of contiguous sequence with approximately 7.5-fold coverage for any given region. We developed a modified version of the Celera assembler to facilitate the identification and comparison of alternate alleles within this individual diploid genome. Comparison of this genome and the National Center for Biotechnology Information human reference assembly revealed more than 4.1 million DNA variants, encompassing 12.3 Mb. These variants (of which 1,288,319 were novel) included 3,213,401 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 53,823 block substitutions (2–206 bp), 292,102 heterozygous insertion/deletion events (indels)(1–571 bp), 559,473 homozygous indels (1–82,711 bp), 90 inversions, as well as numerous segmental duplications and copy number variation regions. Non-SNP DNA variation accounts for 22% of all events identified in the donor, however they involve 74% of all variant bases. This suggests an important role for non-SNP genetic alterations in defining the diploid genome structure. Moreover, 44% of genes were heterozygous for one or more variants. Using a novel haplotype assembly strategy, we were able to span 1.5 Gb of genome sequence in segments >200 kb, providing further precision to the diploid nature of the genome. These data depict a definitive molecular portrait of a diploid human genome that provides a starting point for future genome comparisons and enables an era of individualized genomic information.
A Critique of the IPC-9591 Standard: Performance Parameters for Air Moving Devices

This paper presents a critique of the IPC standard (IPC-9591) on air-moving devices for the electronics industry, published in 2006. We investigate the applicability of the methods specified by IPC-9591. A fatigue life and a grease life of ball bearings in the fans were calculated using the stress-life method and grease life equation, respectively. The calculated life was compared to the experimental results of the fans. In addition, the mean time to failure of fan electronics was calculated using multiple methods specified by IPC-9591 and validated with experimental results of the fans. Through these exercises, the reliability prediction methods for air-moving devices were shown to be flawed. We make recommendations for IPC and the industry on appropriate methods of reliability assessment for air-moving devices.
The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World

Looking for competent reading sources? We have the spirit of democracy the struggle to build free societies throughout the world to check out, not just read, yet additionally download them or even read online. Discover this great publication writtern by now, merely here, yeah just right here. Obtain the reports in the types of txt, zip, kindle, word, ppt, pdf, and also rar. Once more, never miss out on to review online as well as download this publication in our website right here. Click the link. Our goal is always to offer you an assortment of cost-free ebooks too as aid resolve your troubles. We have got a considerable collection of totally free of expense Book for people from every single stroll of life. We have got tried our finest to gather a sizable library of preferred cost-free as well as paid files. Searching for many sold book or reading source worldwide? We supply them done in format kind as word, txt, kindle, pdf, zip, rar as well as ppt. one of them is this competent the spirit of democracy the struggle to build free societies throughout the world that has been created by Still perplexed how to get it? Well, merely review online or download by signing up in our website here. Click them. GO TO THE TECHNICAL WRITING FOR AN EXPANDED TYPE OF THIS THE SPIRIT OF DEMOCRACY THE STRUGGLE TO BUILD FREE SOCIETIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, ALONG WITH A CORRECTLY FORMATTED VERSION OF THE INSTANCE MANUAL PAGE ABOVE.
Cast-Off Youth: Policy and Training Methods from the Military Experience

List of Tables List of Figures Preface Cast-off Youth Part I: Employing the Unemployable Mental Standards in the Military The Low-Aptitude Soldier in World War II and the Korean Conflict Vietnam and Project 100,000 The All-Volunteer Force and the ASVAB Miscalibration Cast-off Youth in Perspective Part II: The Functional-Context Training Approach Military Strategies for Using Low-Aptitude Personnel Functional-Context Technical Training Functional-Context Literacy Training Part III: Developing an Experimental Functional-Context Training Curriculum Survey of Electronics Training Programs and the Electronics Industry A Functional-Context Training Electronics Technician's Course Cast-off Youth: Summary and Recommendations Appendix: Mental Quality and Military Service: An Interview with Robert S. McNamara References Author Index Subject Index About the Authors
Results of a phase II study with doxorubicin, etoposide, and cisplatin in patients with fully characterized small-cell carcinoma of the prostate.

PURPOSE To determine the activity and toxicity of doxorubicin in combination with cisplatin and etoposide in patients with small-cell prostate carcinoma (SCPCa) and to characterize the clinicopathologic features of SCPCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with SCPCa (pure or mixed), measurable disease, good organ function, and no prior treatment with doxorubicin, etoposide, or cisplatin were treated every 4 weeks with doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2) as a 24-hour intravenous (IV) infusion followed by etoposide 120 mg/m(2)/d and cisplatin 25 mg/m(2)/d IV on days 2 to 4. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (36 assessable for response) were treated for a median of four cycles. Twenty-nine (81%) of 36 patients had prior hormonal therapy. Study patients had visceral metastases, lytic bone disease, and relatively low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We observed 22 partial responses (response rate, 61% in an intent-to-treat analysis); toxicity was severe (grade 3 or 4 neutropenia 100%, thrombocytopenia 66%, mucositis 21%, and infection 68%). Three patients died of toxicity. Median time to progression and overall survival time were 5.8 months and 10.5 months, respectively. Performance status, serum albumin, and number of organs involved (but not PSA, carcinoembryonic antigen, or neuroendocrine markers) were predictors of survival. CONCLUSION SCPCa presents unique clinicopathologic features. Addition of doxorubicin to the etoposide/cisplatin regimen caused higher toxicity in this patient population and failed to improve outcome. Given these results, we do not recommend further development of this regimen for patients with SCPCa. Improvement in therapy will come from understanding the biology of SCPCa progression and integrating new targeted therapies into the treatment of SCPCa.
Consequences of Urea Cycle Enzyme Deficiencies and Potential Links to Arginine and Nitric Oxide Metabolism 1 , 2

Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are human conditions caused by the dysregulation of nitrogen transfer from ammonia nitrogen into urea. The biochemistry and the genetics of these disorders were well elucidated. Earlier diagnosis and improved treatments led to an emerging, longer-lived cohort of patients. The natural history of some of these disorders began to point to pathophysiological processes that may be unrelated to the primary cause of acute morbidity and mortality, i.e., hyperammonemia. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I single nucleotide polymorphisms may be associated with altered vascular resistance that becomes clinically relevant when specific environmental stressors are present. Patients with argininosuccinic aciduria due to a deficiency of argininosuccinic acid lyase are uniquely prone to chronic hepatitis, potentially leading to cirrhosis. Moreover, our recent observations suggest that there may be an increased prevalence of essential hypertension. In contrast, hyperargininemia found in patients with arginase 1 deficiency is associated with pyramidal tract findings and spasticity, without significant hyperammonemia. An intriguing potential pathophysiological link is the dysregulation of intracellular arginine availability and its potential effect on nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. By combining detailed natural history studies with the development of tissue-specific null mouse models for urea cycle enzymes and measurement of nitrogen flux through the cycle to urea and NO in UCD patients, we may begin to dissect the contribution of different sources of arginine to NO production and the consequences on both rare genetic and common multifactorial diseases. J. Nutr. 134: 2775S–2782S, 2004.
Consumer versus resource control of producer diversity depends on ecosystem type and producer community structure

Consumer and resource control of diversity in plant communities have long been treated as alternative hypotheses. However, experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that herbivores and nutrient resources interactively regulate the number and relative abundance of coexisting plant species. Experiments have yielded divergent and often contradictory responses within and among ecosystems, and no effort has to date reconciled this empirical variation within a general framework. Using data from 274 experiments from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems, we present a cross-system analysis of producer diversity responses to local manipulations of resource supply and/or herbivory. Effects of herbivory and fertilization on producer richness differed substantially between systems: (i) herbivores reduced species richness in freshwater but tended to increase richness in terrestrial systems; (ii) fertilization increased richness in freshwater systems but reduced richness on land. Fertilization consistently reduced evenness, whereas herbivores increased evenness only in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Producer community evenness and ecosystem productivity mediated fertilization and herbivore effects on diversity across ecosystems. Herbivores increased producer richness in more productive habitats and in producer assemblages with low evenness. These same assemblages also showed the strongest reduction in richness with fertilization, whereas fertilization increased (and herbivory decreased) richness in producer assemblages with high evenness. Our study indicates that system productivity and producer evenness determine the direction and magnitude of top-down and bottom-up control of diversity and may reconcile divergent empirical results within and among ecosystems.
Antiepileptic drugs targeting sodium channels: subunit and neuron-type specific interactions

Voltage-gated Na + channels are the therapeutic targets of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (DPH) and lamotrigine (LTG). Neuronal Na + channels in the brain contain one out of four distinct α -subunits: Na V 1.1, Na V 1.2, Na V 1.3 and Na V 1.6. This study provides a systematic comparison of the biophysical properties of these four α -subunits and it characterizes the interaction of CBZ, DPH and LTG with these four α -subunits. Na + currents were recorded in voltage-clamp mode in HEK293 cells stably expressing one of the four α -subunits. CBZ, DPH and LTG were bath applied. Na V 1.2 and Na V 1.3 subunits have a relatively slow recovery from inactivation as compared to the Na V 1.1 and Na V 1.6 subunits. Of the four subunits the Na V 1.1 subunit generates the largest window current. LTG evokes a larger maximal shift of the steady-state inactivation relationship than CBZ and DPH and CBZ shows a faster binding rate to the α -subunits than LTG and DPH. LTG binding to the Na V 1.1 subunit is faster than to the other α -subunits and LTG unbinding from the α -subunits is approximately two times slower than that of CBZ and DPH. The four α -subunits show subtle differences in their biophysical properties. This can contribute to differences in membrane excitability, depending on the (sub)cellular expression patterns of Na + channel α -subunits. The difference in LTG binding to the four α -subunits suggests a subunit-specific response to LTG. This can have relevance for AED effects on neuronal excitability, depending on α -subunit (sub)cellular expression patterns.
Invasion of Coastal Marine Communities in North America: Apparent Patterns, Processes, and Biases

▪ Abstract Biological invasions of marine habitats have been common, and many patterns emerge from the existing literature. In North America, we identify 298 nonindigenous species (NIS) of invertebrates and algae that are established in marine and estuarine waters, generating many “apparent patterns” of invasion: (a) The rate of reported invasions has increased exponentially over the past 200 years; (b) Most NIS are crustaceans and molluscs, while NIS in taxonomic groups dominated by small organisms are rare; (c) Most invasions have resulted from shipping; (d) More NIS are present along the Pacific coast than the Atlantic and Gulf coasts; (e) Native and source regions of NIS differ among coasts, corresponding to trade patterns. The validity of these apparent patterns remains to be tested, because strong bias exists in the data. Overall, the emergent patterns reflect interactive effects of propagule supply, invasion resistance, and sampling bias. Understanding the relative contribution of each component re.
Event-Related Potential Brain Correlates of Episodic and Semantic Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The aim of this thesis was to refine current models of memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and elucidate similarities and differences between memory in ASD and that of Typically Developing (TD) individuals. This thesis built upon recently established behavioural patterns of preserved semantic and diminished episodic memory in ASD, by linking these with established patterns of electrophysiological activity in different cortical regions of the brain in TD individuals. Event-Related Potential (ERP) Old-New effects (enhanced positivity in the brain for correctly recognised Old stimuli compared to correctly rejected New stimuli) were recorded for episodic and semantic memory judgments (the parietal Old-New effect 400-800 ms, and the mid-frontal Old-New effect 300-500 ms respectively) in ASD, and were compared to TD individuals in terms of (1) temporal and (2) topographical similarities and differences. A series of five experimental studies were conducted using nameable line drawings, non-nameable kaleidoscope images and words as stimuli. A combination of two experimental paradigms were used; the Remember/Know paradigm and the Inclusion/Exclusion paradigm. The current thesis demonstrates that recognition memory Old-New effects are attenuated in ASD for word stimuli and nameable line drawings, but that the topography remains comparable between groups. The current findings suggest that although episodic memory is quantitatively diminished in ASD during behavioural tests, residual episodic memory judgements are phenomenologically similar to TD individuals. Despite demonstrating quantitatively preserved semantic memory, different patterns of neurophysiology are observed for these judgements in ASD, suggesting that different processes are engaged in this group. Finally, although individuals with ASD demonstrated diminished Old-New effects for nameable line drawing and word stimuli compared to TD individuals, enhanced Old-New effects were observed for non-nameable and novel kaleidoscope images in ASD. These findings have important implications for our understanding of verbal mediation and its relation to thought in ASD. The findings are interpreted within a theoretical account of diminished episodic memory and verbal processing difficulties in ASD.
The Psychology of Concentration in Sport Performers: A Cognitive Analysis

Part 1 Cognitive sport psychology: cognition, psychology and sport - mental factors in athletic performance understanding attention - the psychology of concentration. Part 2 Concentration in sport: concentration in sport performance losing concentration in sport - external and internal distractions measuring attentional processes in athletes - from brain states to individual differences. Part 3 Concentration techniques: improving concentration in sport - assumptions, exercise and techniques improving concentration in sport - mental practice. Part 4 Integration: concentration in sport performers - implications and new directions.