Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grammar for Middle School: A Sentence-Composing Approach--A Student Worktext

Heinemann Educational Books. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Paperback. 120 pages. Dimensions: 10.8in. x 8.3in. x 0.4in. Don and Jenny Killgallons sentence-composing approach has transformed how writing is taught in thousands of language arts classes, helping students all across America become more proficient, sophisticated writers. Now the Killgallons use their highly effective method for a unique, powerful textbook that links good writing to that perennially difficult-to-teach subject-grammar. Grammar for Middle School: A Sentence-Composing Approach gives your students the chance to absorb and replicate the grammatical structures used by some of the best writers of our times. Included among the over 150 authors, 200 titles, and 400 model sentences in Grammar for Middle School are award-winning young-adult literature such as Cynthia Voigts Homecoming, popular favorites like J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter, and curricular staples such as John Steinbecks The Red Pony and The Pearl. Fourteen grammatical structures are developed in the same predictable, understandable manner, using the sentence-composing approach. When students first encounter a tool, it is clearly defined and characterized. Then its practiced through five activities: matching, unscrambling, combining, imitating, and expanding. Finally, a creative writing activity immerses students in the composition or revision of a paragraph through independent use of the.
Moderate weight loss in obese and overweight men preserves bone quality.

BACKGROUND Weight loss (WL) negatively affects bone mineral density (BMD) in older populations and has specifically been shown in women. OBJECTIVE In this prospective controlled trial, we examined variables of bone quality and endocrine changes after intentional WL in men. DESIGN Thirty-eight overweight and obese [mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m²): 31.9 ± 4.4; age: 58 ± 6 y] men were recruited to either WL through caloric restriction or weight maintenance (WM) for 6 mo. RESULTS There was a -7.9 ± 4.4% and +0.2 ± 1.6% change in body weight in the WL and WM groups, respectively. There was a greater increase in femoral neck and total body BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in the WM group than in the WL group (P-interaction effect < 0.05). In contrast, there was a trend for the tibia cortical thickness and area to decrease more in the WM group than in the WL group (P ≤ 0.08). There was a decrease in the periosteal circumference in both groups over time (P < 0.01) and no statistically significant changes in trabecular bone. Circulating total, free, and bioavailable estradiol decreased in the WL group compared with the WM group, and changes were different between groups (P < 0.05). Serum total and bioavailable testosterone increased in both groups (P < 0.01). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased to a similar extent in both groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Moderate WL in overweight and obese men did not decrease BMD at any anatomical site or alter cortical and trabecular bone and geometry. Also, despite increased BMD at some sites when maintaining excess body weight, cortical bone showed a trend in the opposite direction.
Action Recognition in a Wearable Assistance System

Enabling artificial systems to recognize human actions is a requisite to develop intelligent assistance systems that are able to instruct and supervise users in accomplishing tasks. In order to enable an assistance system to be wearable, head-mounted cameras allow to perceive a scene visually from a user’s perspective. But realizing action recognition without any static sensors causes special challenges. The movement of the camera is directly related to the user’s head motion and not controlled by the system. In this paper we present how a trajectory-based action recognition can be combined with object recognition, visual tracking, and a background motion compensation to be applicable in such a wearable assistance system. The suitability of our approach is proved by user studies in an object manipulation scenario.
Antiepileptic Medication During Pregnancy: Does Fetal Genotype Affect Outcome?

Congenital abnormalities and impaired development in childhood are attributable to fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pregnancy registries set up to obtain information about the potential risks of fetal exposure to AEDs, in particular major congenital malformations (MCMs), suggest that valproate exposure increases the frequency of congenital malformations more than other AEDs. Furthermore, follow-up studies have drawn attention to cognitive impairments in later childhood after prenatal exposure to valproate. Fetal exposure to AEDs may be influenced by drug transporting proteins in the placenta, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Their location in the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane, at the interface of the maternal and fetal circulations, allows these transport proteins to efflux xenobiotics back to the mother and offers the fetus protection from medications taken during pregnancy. Genetic variations in the expression and activity of these transport proteins may influence fetal exposure to AEDs and thus the risk of teratogenicity. Identification of a hierarchy of haplotypes ranging from susceptible to protective of congenital abnormalities could assist genetic counseling, in assessing fetal risks from exposure to AEDs.
Cascading behaviour in complex socio-technical networks

Most human interactions today take place with the mediation of ICTs. This is extending the boundaries of interdependence: the group of reference, ideas, and behaviour to which people are exposed is larger and less restricted to old geographical and cultural boundaries; but it is also providing more and better data with which to build more informative models on the effects of social interactions, amongst them, the way in which contagion and cascades diffuse in social networks. Online data are not only helping us gain deeper insights into the structural complexity of social systems; they are also illuminating the consequences of that complexity, especially around collective and temporal dynamics. This paper offers an overview of the models and applications that have been developed in what is still a nascent area of research, as well as an outline of immediate lines of work that promise to open new vistas in our understanding of cascading behaviour in social networks.
Can Basic Risk Research Help in the Prevention of Childhood and Adolescent Depression? Examining a Cognitive and Emotional Regulation Approach

This paper aims to highlight ways in which basic research findings in the field of childhood and adolescent depression can help to inform and refine preventive intervention efforts. We selectively review basic research evidence from community, clinical, and high-risk populations that identifies cognitive mechanisms (thought processes and reactions to negative affect) and emotional regulation as key processes involved in the onset and maintenance of depression. We focus on cognitive and emotional mechanisms in order to allow comparability with the majority of current preventive interventions. A range of basic research strategies and studies are then suggested that could be employed to help the development and refinement of prevention strategies. These include the need for prospective longitudinal studies to identify causal risk and protective factors, an integration of research approaches and methods, and a focus on understanding potential aetiological heterogeneity between childhood and adolescent depression.
Socio-ecological influences of attitudes toward disability among Kenyan undergraduate students

This study examined personal and contextual variables as predictors of attitudes toward disability at a Kenyan higher education setting. Participants were a convenience sample of 309 undergraduate students at a Kenyan university enrolled in Sociology, Social Work, Psychology, Political Science, and Public Administration majors. Data on attitudes were collected using the Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons scale (ATDP: Antonac & Livneh, 1988). A cross-sectional survey design was employed for data collection, and a multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. Results revealed that the model was significant: F (9, 250) = 2.784, p = 0.004. However, only age (β = 0.173, p = 0.044) significantly predicted attitudes towards disability, indicating older students held more positive attitudes than their younger counterparts. Older students had a more favourable attitude towards people with disabilities than younger students. Seniority, by age, is highly valued in Africa than perhaps anywhere in the world. Kenyan older adults may be key to enhancing favourable attitudes toward individuals with disabilities in Kenya as well as interventions aimed at changing negative attitudes towards people with disabilities.
The teacher labour market in the US: challenges and reforms

This article describes the teaching profession and teacher labour market in the US. Over the period since 1966, the profession has become 80% female, highly credentialled, considerably more senior, and increasingly unionized. In contrast, formal working conditions have changed relatively little, although class sizes are now approximately 30% smaller. Real earnings growth in teaching has been flat, although this is not atypical of wage trends across the US labour market. The main distinction between teaching and other professions is the flexibility in setting of pay and conditions. Teachers are paid on a uniform pay schedule, with little variation in terms of performance, and with strong collective bargaining. Reforms to this labour market are direct (liberalization of pay‐setting and improvement in working conditions) and indirect (organizational changes to allow new teachers to enter the profession). The latter appear more promising. Given the seniority of the teaching profession there is likely to be limited change within the next decade, but considerable modernization may occur with a new cohort of teachers.
Super-polynomial quantum speed-ups for boolean evaluation trees with hidden structure

We give a quantum algorithm for evaluating a class of boolean formulas (such as NAND trees and 3-majority trees) on a restricted set of inputs. Due to the structure of the allowed inputs, our algorithm can evaluate a depth <i>n</i> tree using <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>2+logω</sup>) queries, where ω is independent of <i>n</i> and depends only on the type of subformulas within the tree. We also prove a classical lower bound of <i>n</i><sup>Ω(log log <i>n</i>)</sup> queries, thus showing a (small) super-polynomial speed-up.
The Moral Economy of Class: Class and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective

CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures iiiiii Acknowledgments iiiii Chapter One The Moral Economy of Class 1 Chapter Two Class and Social Attitudes: A Framework for Analysis 000 3. WORK: IN THE SWEAT OF THEIR BROWS? 41 4. THE MARKET: WHOSOEVER HATH SHALL TO HIM BE GIVEN? 64 5. THE WELFARE STATE: MY BROTHER'S KEEPER? 89 6. FAMILY AND GENDER: FLESH OF MY FLESH? 116 7. CLASS AND CONFORMISM: THE DARK SIDE OF THE WORKING CLASS? 137 8. MICROCLASSES, HOUSEHOLD CLASSES, MARGINAL CLASSES? 162 9. CLASS AND THE ATTITUDE PROBLEM 182 Appendix A Data Bases 000 Appendix B The Class Variable and Occupational Codes 000 Reference Matter 000 Notes 000 References 000 Index 000
Autistic spectrum disorders in children

History, Definition, and Classification of Pervasive Developmental Disorders Vidya B. Gupta The Epidemiology of Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders Tanya Karapurkar, Nora Lee, Laura Kresch Curran, Craig Newschaffer, and Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp Etiology of Autism Vidya B. Gupta Neurological Basis of Autism (Pathophysiology of Autism) Vidya B. Gupta Early Clinical Characteristics of Children with Autism Chris Plauche Johnson Screening and Diagnosis for Autistic Spectrum Disorders Pasquale Accardo Informing, Educating, and Supporting the Family Alfred L. Scherzer Behavioral and Educational Interventions for Young Children with Autism John M. Suozzi Communication Disorders in Children with Autism: Characteristics, Assessment, Treatment Elaine Dolgin Schneider Sensory Integration and Occupational Therapy Intervention for Autistic Spectrum Disorders Pat Stevens, Sallie Tidman, and Kari Glasgow
Fast-Mapping Placeholders: Using Words to Talk About Kinds

Fast-mapping is the ability to acquire a word rapidly on the basis of minimal information. As proposed by Carey (1978), we assume that children are able to achieve fast-mapping because their initial word meanings are skeletal placeholders that will be extended gradually over time. In this paper, we propose that a notion of “kind” is fundamental to children's initial mappings for object labels. We illustrate this point by considering the acquisition of generic noun phrases, which are understood by children as kind-referring from very early on. We argue that the acquisition of generics has implications for mechanisms of word learning. Evidence suggests that generics cannot be acquired solely on the basis of associative learning mechanisms; rather, they are a default interpretation for young children.
Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence

Background The dose – effect relationships of cumulative trauma to the psychiatric symptoms of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community study of Cambodian survivors of mass violence were evaluated. Method In 1990, a survey of 1000 households was conducted in aThai refugee camp (Site 2) using a multi-stage random sampling design. Trauma history and psychiatric symptoms were assessed for two time periods. Analysis used linear dose – response regression modelling. Results 993 Cambodian adults reported a mean of 14 Pol Pot era trauma events and 1.3 trauma events during the past year. Symptom categories of depression, PTSD, dissociative and culturally dependent symptoms exhibited strong dose – effect responses with the exception of avoidance. All symptom categories, except avoidant symptoms, were highly correlated. Conclusions Cumulative trauma continued to affect psychiatric symptom levels a decade after the original trauma events. The diagnostic validity of PTSD criteria, with the notable exception of avoidance, was supported. Inclusion of dissociative and culturally dependent symptoms increased the cultural sensitivity of PTSD.
Autism and social robotics: A systematic review

Social robotics could be a promising method for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) treatment. The aim of this article is to carry out a systematic literature review of the studies on this topic that were published in the last 10 years. We tried to address the following questions: can social robots be a useful tool in autism therapy? We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered within PROSPERO database (CRD42015016158). We found many positive implications in the use of social robots in therapy as for example: ASD subjects often performed better with a robot partner rather than a human partner; sometimes, ASD patients had, toward robots, behaviors that TD patients had toward human agents; ASDs had a lot of social behaviors toward robots; during robotic sessions, ASDs showed reduced repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and, social robots manage to improve spontaneous language during therapy sessions. Therefore, robots provide therapists and researchers a means to connect with autistic subjects in an easier way, but studies in this area are still insufficient. It is necessary to clarify whether sex, intelligence quotient, and age of participants affect the outcome of therapy and whether any beneficial effects only occur during the robotic session or if they are still observable outside the clinical/experimental context. Autism Res 2016, 9: 165–183. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why kids kill: inside the minds of school shooters

Introduction Acknowledgments School Shooters: Beyond the Sound Bite Psychopathic Shooters 'I Am the Law': Two Psychopathic Shooters Psychotic Shooters 'A God of Sadness': A Schizotypal Shooter 'None of This is Real': Four Schizophrenic Shooters Traumatized Shooters 'Every Man's Nightmare': Three Traumatized Shooters The Bigger Picture Comparing the Perpetrators Kids Caught in the Nick of Time What Can Be Done: Preventing School Shootings Notes Bibliography
Mannose-Containing Molecular Patterns Are Strong Inducers of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Human Macrophages1

The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of PGE2 in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns decorated with mannose moieties were studied in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan was a robust agonist, suggesting the involvement of the mannose receptor (MR). MR expression increased along the macrophage differentiation route, as judged from both its surface display assessed by flow cytometry and the ability of MDM to ingest mannosylated BSA. Treatment with mannose-BSA, a weak agonist of the MR containing a lower ratio of attached sugar compared with pure polysaccharides, before the addition of mannan inhibited COX-2 expression, whereas this was not observed when agonists other than mannan and zymosan were used. HeLa cells, which were found to express MR mRNA, showed a significant induction of COX-2 expression upon mannan challenge. Conversely, mannan did not induce COX-2 expression in HEK293 cells, which express the mRNA encoding Endo180, a parent receptor pertaining to the MR family, but not the MR itself. These data indicate that mannan is a strong inducer of COX-2 expression in human MDM, most likely by acting through the MR route. Because COX-2 products can be both proinflammatory and immunomodulatory, these results disclose a signaling route triggered by mannose-decorated pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which can be involved in both the response to pathogens and the maintenance of homeostasis.
Frequency of metabolic syndrome in obsessive compulsive disorder patients on antidepressant monotherapy vs antidepressant plus atypical antipsychotic combination therapy: a naturalistic, descriptive pilot study -

OZETAmac: Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) hastalarindaki metabolik sendrom (MetS) sikligini saptamak, MetS ile hastalarin sosyode-mografik ozellikleri ve kullandiklari ilaclarin; yani atipik antipsikotik eklenmis antidepresan kullanimiyla veya sadece antidepresan kullanimiyla arasindaki olasi iliskinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir.Yontem: Bu arastirmaya, Gaziantep Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Ruh Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali Anksiyete Bozukluklari Birimi'ne ayaktan tedaviye devam eden, 18–65 yas arasi, DSM-IV TR olcutlerine gore arastirmadan once OKB tanisi almis, sadece antidepresan kullanmakta olan hastalar (antidepresan grubu) ile antidepresanla birlikte antipsikotik kullanmakta olan (antipsikotik grubu) ve halen kullanmakta oldugu ilaclari en az son uc aydir kullanmaya devam ediyor olan 20′ser OKB hastasi olmak uzere toplam 40 hasta alinmistir. Calisma yontemi olarak “naturalistik, tanimlayici klinik gozlem” kullanilmistir. Kisinin sosyal islevselligini etkileyebilecek mental olmayan kronik tibbi.
Antidepressant drug consumption and public health indicators in Italy, 1955 to 2000.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of the increasing consumption of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and newer anti-depressants on the following public health indicators: (1) suicide rates, (2) proportion of completed suicides by poisoning with solid or liquid substances, and (3) hospital admissions for depression and proportion of admissions for depression that were first admissions. METHOD Data collected by IMS Health on antidepressants dispensed in Italy from 1983 to 2000 were obtained from the Italian Ministry of Health, while data on suicide deaths from 1955 to 2000 were obtained from the Italian National Institute of Statistics. RESULTS In Italy from 1983 to 2000, the use of tricyclic antidepressants remained substantially stable, and the use of SSRIs and newer agents dramatically increased. In contrast, suicide rates for males decreased from 1955 to 1974 and subsequently increased, reaching a peak in 1985 and then declining. In females, suicide rates remained substantially stable until 1978. A subsequent increase occurred up to 1985, followed by a steady decline. Suicide by poisoning using solids or liquids dropped by nearly 50% from 1986 to 2000. Admissions to the hospital for depression showed an erratic pattern; however, no decline was observed. No change was observed in the rate of first admissions for depression. CONCLUSION Despite a reduction in suicides by poisoning using solids or liquids, the analysis of long-term trends in suicide did not suggest that increases in antidepressant prescribing lie behind recent reductions in population suicides. Furthermore, in Italy, newer antidepressants had no impact on the total number of admissions for depression or on the proportion of all admissions that were first admissions.
Leisure Constraints, Leisure Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Self-Rated Health in Six Cities in Taiwan

Extensive research shows that individuals in lower socioeconomic statuses experience higher levels of morbidity and mortality than those of higher social status. This disparity remains even after lifestyle changes such as reduced smoking, improved diet, more exercise, and better access to medical care are afforded to those of lower status. According to Fundamental Social Cause Theory (FSCT), access to valued resources, including environmental, social, and psychological factors, mediates the relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine if leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, and life satisfaction are among the variables that mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-rated health in six cities in Taiwan. Results indicated that leisure related variables, including leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction, mediate the relationship between SES and self-rated health. The results suggest the value of FSCT as a framework for examining the relationship of leisure related variables to health.
Oral Motor Disorders And Speech Disorders As Risk Factors For Difficulty Eating In Children Aged 6-60 Months

Difficulty eating or picky eating is not a diagnosis or disease but is a gejaia or a sign of deviations, illnesses, and diseases that are happening in the child's body. The definition of eating pleasure is if the child does not want or refuses to eat, or recognizes the habit of consuming food or drinks with the type and amount according to age physiologically, namely the ability to open the mouth without force, chewing, meneIan until it is absorbed in digestion properly without coercion and without giving certain vitamins and drugs. Many risk factors are considered significant in the incidence of eating success in children. Some of these are motor disorders and speech disorders. This study was conducted with an analytical observational design using 138 children aged 6-60 years as subjects by conducting interviews with the subject's parents. The interview was conducted based on the KPSP questionnaire to assess the development of children at their age and the questionnaire on risk factors for eating success in children. This study shows that motor disorders and speech disorders have a significant impact on the occurrence of eating disorders in children aged 6-60 buIan in Malang City.