Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Tea Reduces LDL Oxidability and Improves Vascular Function

Objective: Several different epidemiological studies have examined the association between the consumption of tea and coronary heart disease. Some, though not all, support the view that tea or flavonoids reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the short-to medium-term effect of a green tea extract on vascular function and lipid peroxidation as compared with placebo. Methods: The study was undertaken with 14 healthy women, none of whom were receiving any medical treatment. Measurements were made of antibodies and immune complexes by ELISA, endothelial dependent vascular function by Doppler ultrasound, and the concentration of oxidized LDL by TBARS. Results: The mean diameter of the brachial artery following the post-compression hyperaemia phase rose significantly (p < 0.0001) after treatment with green tea extract. Flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation ranged from 5.68% for the placebo phase to 11.98% after the green tea extract (p = 0.02). The consumption of green tea extract was associated with a significant 37.4% reduction in the concentration of oxidized LDL (TBARS) (p = 0.017). The levels of anti-oxidized LDL IgM antibodies fell significantly after treatment (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study found that consumption of green tea extract by women for five weeks produced modifications in vascular function and an important decrease in serum oxidizability.
Absence of effect of varying Thr-Leu codon pairs on protein synthesis in a T7 system.

The over-represented threonine-leucine (Thr-Leu) codon pair ACG CUG has been previously reported to be inhibitory to translation compared to the synonymous under-represented Thr-Leu codon pair ACC CUG, in an E. coli system in which the codon pairs were located either 3 and 4, or 6 and 7, or 9 and 10 codons downstream from the initiating codon for the message [Irwin, B. , Heck, J. D. , and Hatfield, G. W. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22801-22806]. In the work reported here, these synonymous codon pairs were tested in a T7 system, with the codon pairs located either 14 and 15, or 6 and 7 codons downstream from the AUG start codon. In contrast to the reported findings in the E. coli system, there was no difference found in translation between mRNAs containing the respective codon pairs in the T7 system. The reasons for the different findings remain unclear, but presumably are a consequence of differences between the E. coli and T7 systems used to assay gene expression. Nevertheless, as a result of this work, it appears that the effect of varying codon pairs reported in the E. coli system is not due to a difference in translational step times through the respective codon pairs, as previously proposed.
Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization.

Daniel J. Brass This research examined the relationships between structural positions and influence at the individual level of analysis. The structure of the organization was conceptualized from a social network perspective. Measures of the relative positions of employees within workflow, communication, and friendship networks were strongly related to perceptions of influence by both supervisors and nonsupervisors and to promotions to the supervisory level. Measures included criticality, transaction alternatives, and centrality (access and control) in the networks and in such reference groups as the dominant coalition. A comparison of boundary-spanning and technical-core personnel indicated that contacts beyond the normal work requirements are particularly important for technical core personnel to acquire influence. Overall, the results provide support for a structural perspective on intraorganizational influence.
Relational and Episodic Characteristics Associated with Conflict Tactics

This study sought to discover how select episodic and relational variables are functionally related to communication tactics in situations of interpersonal conflict. More precisely, this study examined how communication satisfaction and perceived communication competence of partner might mediate the link between partner's conflict messages and developing relationship features. Partner's use of integrative tactics produced communication satisfaction and the perception of partner's competence. Communication satisfaction and partner competence, in turn, contributed to the definition of the interpersonal relationship in terms of greater control mutuality, trust, intimacy and relational satisfaction. Distributive tactics of partner were inversely related to communication satisfaction and perceived partner competence, and directly affected the relational characteristics of trust, control mutuality and satisfaction. Avoidance was not associated with episodic or relational features when referencing the partner's behavior. However, in tests that involved one's own conflict behavior, avoidance directly and negatively affected relational satisfaction.
Encouraging Thinking in High School and Middle School: Constraints and Possibilities.

acting with the abstract concepts of a discipline. My discussions with middle and high school teachers show that they are aware of the need to move beyond the basics but are not always certain how to do so. Also, they are not sure if such a move would be acceptable or appropriate, given the current call for higher standardized-test results. As a result, they avoid practices that are not familiar or may be perceived as not achieving the desired outcomes (i.e., higher scores on standardized tests). In addition to the concerns about test scores, teachers face other major constraints on their ability to promote higher-order thinking in the classroom. In this article, I examine six of those constraints and explore ways in which they can be overcome.
Fear and guilt in HIV and AIDS prevention

The social learning theory concepts of fear and guilt are regarded as inhibitory factors in disease prevention, and this article examines the possibility of incorporating fear and guilt training courses into HIV and AIDS prevention programmes. HIV and AIDS educators could help participants understand the role of fear and guilt in health promotion, and that fear of external negative reinforcement does not adequately protect them from HIV and AIDS. It is posited in this article that the development of guilt in individuals is a learning process that can result in the inhibition of risky sexual behaviour, arguing that fear–guilt interaction in individuals is a social control mechanism that can be facilitated through social learning processes and moral development
The role of the ocean in the global atmospheric budget of acetone

Acetone is one of the most abundant carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere and it plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The role of the ocean in the global atmospheric acetone budget is highly uncertain, with past studies reaching opposite conclusions as to whether the ocean is a source or sink. Here we use a global 3‐D chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem) simulation of atmospheric acetone to evaluate the role of air‐sea exchange in the global budget. Inclusion of updated (slower) photolysis loss in the model means that a large net ocean source is not needed to explain observed acetone in marine air. We find that a simulation with a fixed seawater acetone concentration of 15 nM based on observations can reproduce the observed global patterns of atmospheric concentrations and air‐sea fluxes. The Northern Hemisphere oceans are a net sink for acetone while the tropical oceans are a net source. On a global scale the ocean is in near‐equilibrium with the atmosphere. Prescribing an ocean concentration of acetone as a boundary condition in the model assumes that ocean concentrations are controlled by internal production and loss, rather than by air‐sea exchange. An implication is that the ocean plays a major role in controlling atmospheric acetone. This hypothesis needs to be tested by better quantification of oceanic acetone sources and sinks.
Protection Effect of Zhen-Wu-Tang on Adriamycin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome via Inhibiting Oxidative Lesions and Inflammation Damage

Zhen-wu-tang (ZWT), a well-known formula in China, is widely used to treat chronic kidney diseases. However, very little information on ZWT's mechanism of action is currently available. In this study, we investigated the possible protective role and underlying mechanism of ZWT on nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by Adriamycin (intravenous injection, 6.0 mg/kg) in rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches. ZWT decreased urine protein excretion and the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine significantly in diseased rats. A decrease in plasma levels of total protein and albumin was also recorded in nephropathic rats. Pathological results show an improved pathological state and recovering glomerular structure in ZWT treatment groups. ZWT decreased renal IL-8 level but increased renal IL-4 level. In addition, rats subjected to ZWT exhibited less IgG deposition in glomerulus compared with model group. RT-PCR results showed that ZWT decreased the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 and increased the mRNA expression of IκB. Furthermore, ZWT reduced the level of MDA and increased SOD activity. These results demonstrated that ZWT ameliorated Adriamycin-induced NS in rats possibly by inhibiting Adriamycin-induced inflammation damage, enhancing body's antioxidant capacity, thereby protecting glomerulus from injury.
Exercise Adherence in College Students: Issues and Preliminary Results

Physical activity is a priority health behavior in the Healthy Campus 2010 Campaign. Promoting exercise in college students may also counter he decrease in physical activity after graduation. However, few intentional studies of college students have measured exercise habits in longitudinal studies or examined the effects of theoretically based mediators, and few theories have heen empirically tested in this population. The measurement and application of behavior change theories is illustrated in this paper using theTranstheoretical Model with a sample of college students. Partial support for this model was found, particularly application of exercise stage. Basing studies on established theory is critical. but unique aspects of the population, setting, environment, and exercise mode must also he considcred in exercise adherence research with college students.
Learning discourse topic management in the preschool years

ABSTRACT The ability of children aged 0;1 to 2;6 to initiate and maintain topics of conversation is explored using videotaped data of mother–child interaction collected at home. An analysis of both verbal and non-verbal behaviours suggests that initially children attract attention exclusively to themselves as topics of conversation. The emergence of manipulative skills from 0; 5 and the development of deictic gestures from around the end of the first year facilitate the initiation of topics concerned with items in the physical environment. Finally, with the development of language, reference to intangibles becomes possible. In maintaining topics, children are initially capable of extended sequences only within the context of routines, but by 2;6 are able to maintain coherent topics independently. The implications of the analysis presented for understanding the role of prelinguistic communication in language development are discussed against the background of a modular framework.
TARGET ARTICLES: "Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications"

Many people have expressed opinions about the sci entific viability of emotional intelligence (El). El has been said to matter twice as much as IQ (Goleman, 1998, p. 31). Yet, it has been labeled an "elusive con cept" (Davies, Stankov, & Roberts, 1998, p. 989). It hias also, according to some, "proven resistant to ade q[uate measurement" (Becker, 2003, p. 194). Others hlave claimed that a "considerable body of research" suggests that El provides the basis for competencies important "in almost any job" (Cherniss, 2000, p. 10). iBut, "El appears to be more myth than science . (_Nlatthews, Zeidner, & Roberts, 2002, p. 547). The studiy of El even raises the question of whether there can lbe too many intelligences (Holland & Stemnberg, 2%0(0). Part of the apparent diversity of opinion on El re flects a divide in the field. Initial, broad public expo sure to El or "EQ," was the result of a series of newspaper and magazine articles (e.g., Gibbs, 1995) that drew on a tradebook about El (Goleman, 1995). These naive representations are sometimes reacted to 1by psychologists who are concerned that some of the
A longitudinal investigation of mothers’ mind‐related talk to their 12‐ to 24‐month‐old infants

Children’s exposure to mind‐related talk has been shown to foster young children’s metacognitive understanding and to orient them to the patterns of literate language long before they commence formal literacy instruction at school. In this paper, we report on a longitudinal study of the mind‐related talk of 22 mothers when their infants were aged 12, 18 and 24 months. Results revealed broad and stable individual differences in mothers’ propensity to use encouragement‐of‐autonomy, mental‐state and modulation‐of‐certainty talk to their infants during a free play session. Mothers’ talk about beliefs increased with infant age, and higher‐educated mothers used significantly more mental‐state and modulation‐of‐certainty talk than lower‐educated mothers. These findings are discussed in terms of current understandings of the discourse contexts supporting children’s developing understanding of the mind, and implications are derived for early childhood pedagogy in settings for children in the first two years of life.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology the Role of Transportation in the Persuasiveness of Public Narratives Text Quality Individual Differences and Situational Influences Transportation Scale Items Gender Differences Discriminant Validation: Need for Cognition Effect of Text Manipulation Beli

Transportation was proposed as a mechanism whereby narratives can affect beliefs. Defined as absorption into a story, transportation entails imagery, affect, and attentional focus. A transportation scale was developed and validated. Experiment 1 (N = 97) demonstrated that extent of transportation augmented story-consistent beliefs and favorable evaluations of protagonists. Experiment 2 (N = 69) showed that highly transported readers found fewer false notes in a story than less-transported readers. Experiments 3 (N = 274) and 4 (N = 258) again replicated the effects of transportation on beliefs and evaluations; in the latter study, transportation was directly manipulated by using processing instructions. Reduced transportation led to reduced story-consistent beliefs and evaluations. The studies alSO showed that transportation and corresponding beliefs were generally unaffected by labeling a story as fact or as fiction. The scientific study of persuasion has reflected an unfortunate displacement of poetics by rhetoric. Advocacy messages rather than narrative messages have been the subject matter of persuasion scholars for the past half-century (e. This striking imbalance in scientific attention has been sustained even though in the experience of people everywhere, public narrative predominates over public advocacy: Novels, films, soap operas, music lyrics, stories in newspapers, magazines, TV, and radio command far more waking attention than do advertisements, sermons, editorials, bill-boards, and so forth. The power of narratives to change beliefs has never been doubted and has always been feared. Consequently, censorship has been ubiquitous for centuries: In the United States,. one out of three high school students experiences banning of books (Davis, 1979). A film version of Lolita, the "fourth best English-language novel published this century" (Modem Library Editorial Board, 1998), was withheld for 2 years from American audiences. Yet, the persuasive impact of public narratives has been virtually ignored by empirical researchers; indeed, persuasiveness of narra-fives is a nonexistent reference item in a recent authoritative, comprehensive graduate-level textbook with 2,800 references (The Psychology of Attitudes, Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). In an attempt to redress the rhetoric-poetics imbalance, we explored the persuasive impact of a narrative in terms of the extent to which recipients This article was based in part on portions of a master's thesis by Melanie C. Green. We thank the members of the thesis committee, Richard Petty and Philip Tetlock, for their insightful suggestions regarding the research. We also thank Lee Fabrigar for statistical assistance and Richard Gerrig for his thoughtful comments on various aspects of …
There’s No Crying in Baseball, or Is There? Male Athletes, Tears, and Masculinity in North America

We explore men’s negotiation of emotional expression within larger social discourses around masculinity. Drawing on the phenomenon of men’s crying within the competitive sports context, we demonstrate that although the prevailing image of men’s emotion is one of constricted expression and experience, inexpressivity is representative neither of typical nor ideal masculinity in contemporary dominant culture. We first review the literature on prevailing cultural beliefs about normative male emotional expression, then focus on literature specific to men’s tears. Turning to a discussion of masculinity and sports participation, we offer possible explanations for why counter normative emotional expressions may be particularly prevalent and public in the context of men’s competitive sports, despite wider cultural discourses that appear to discourage men’s openly expressive behavior.
Effects of self-modeling on figure skating jump performance and psychological variables

Abstract This study investigated whether self-modeling plus physical practice would improve intermediate level figure skaters’ jump performance, as well as their self-efficacy, motivation, and state anxiety, when compared to physical practice alone. Twelve female figure skaters (M=13.4 years of age, SD=1.4) participated in a within-participant design where they received a self-modeling intervention for one jump and a control condition for another jump. They were also compared with a separate control group of 7 skaters (M=14.2 years of age, SD=2.35) who received no intervention. We hypothesized that skaters would show greater improvement in physical and psychological performance scores for jumps in the self-modeling condition than for jumps in the control conditions. We also hypothesized that increased self-efficacy and motivation and decreased state anxiety would mediate the relationship between self-modeling and physical performance. Counter to our predictions, no differences existed between the two conditions for the self-modeling group or between the self-modeling group and the control group. Despite the lack of statistical support for our hypotheses, skaters’ evaluation of the intervention was very positive and suggests possible explanations for the results.
REPRESENTATION THEORY OF W-ALGEBRAS, II: RAMOND TWISTED REPRESENTATIONS

We study the Ramond twisted representations of the affine W algebra W(ḡ, f) in the case that f admits a good even grading. We establish the vanishing and the almost irreducibility of the corresponding BRST cohomology. This confirms some of the recent conjectures of Kac and Wakimoto [KW5]. In type A, our results give the characters of all irreducible ordinary Ramond twisted representations of W(sln, f) for all nilpotent elements f and all non-critical k, and prove the existence of modular invariant representations conjectured in [KW5].
Lithuanian Library History

Abstract This article deals with the most important features of Lithuanian library history and describes specific features of the Soviet period. It also describes the current situation of librarianship in independent Lithuania. Historical analysis shows that Lithuanian libraries status, level and rate of development are influenced by particular historical conditions, social, and economical demands of the society. During the first stages of their history, Lithuanian libraries were a valuable part of the whole European library history. Their activities subsided when Lithuania lost its independence. This eliminated libraries from the national historical process. After Lithuania regained its independence, it became possible for libraries to recover. Unfortunately this process had subsided during the Soviet years. Society depreciated library activities and librarians work. Nevertheless, librarianship of this period has some achievements also. There is a rather good system of library education, several library networks and scientific research in library and information science. The last period is very hard and difficult for Lithuanian librarianship. During the years of economic crisis, libraries must struggle for their existence. So we can speak only about the possibility to ensure minimal conditions of existence, about the possibility to survive. The technical basis of libraries is especially weak: few of them use computerized technologies. This new period of the Lithuanian library development raised new problems and sharpened the old ones. The Lithuanian state has to change the library system and its functions, and rearrange library activities. The current situation in Lithuania creates new premises for libraries to develop. The most important premise of these changes is restoration of Lithuanian independence. A lot of work is already done to deideologize library activities, and to consolidate in them the principles of democracy. This work must guarantee the right of all Lithuanian citizens to use information stored in libraries. Now Lithuanian libraries strive to restore and establish new international relations, and to integrate themselves into the world's information system.
Effects of Message Framing on Breast‐Cancer‐Related Beliefs and Behaviors: The Role of Mediating Factors

The effects of gain-loss message framing on breast-cancer-related cognitions and behaviors were assessed among 539 women aged 30 to 70 years. The design involved a prebrochure telephone interview, followed by a brochure mailout, and a postbrochure telephone interview. The brochures contained information about breast cancer and the risk of family history. Recommended behaviors were framed to emphasize gains, losses, or were neutral; and statistical risk information was presented either positively or negatively. Measures included demographics, family history, breast self-examination (BSE) performance, BSE intention, self-efficacy in performing BSE, perceived early detection risk of breast cancer, perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, and anxiety about breast cancer. A loss-framed message led to greater positive change in BSE behavior. Interactions between framing effects and variables of issue involvement, perceived early detection risk, and self-efficacy indicated effects on behavior, but not beliefs.