Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warm-ups for military fitness testing: rapid evidence assessment of the literature.

INTRODUCTION Warm-up exercises are commonly used before exercise as a method to physiologically prepare for strenuous physical activity. Various warm-up exercises are often implemented but without scientific merit and, at times, may be detrimental to performance. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE To date, no systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of warm-up exercises for military physical fitness test (PFT) or combat fitness test (CFT). The purpose of this rapid evidence assessment of the literature was to examine the quantity, quality, and effectiveness of warm-up exercises for PFT and identify those that might increase PFT and/or CFT scores, as reported in the literature. METHODS Literature searches of randomized controlled trials were performed across various databases from database inception to May 2011. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) 50 criteria for randomized controlled trial designs, and studies were individually described. Subject matter experts summarized the results applicable or generalizable to military testing. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 1177 citations, with 37 fitting our inclusion criteria. Cardiovascular warm-ups increased sprint/running time, but dynamic stretching and dynamic warm-ups had the most positive outcome for the various exercise tests examined. Systematically, static stretching had no beneficial or detrimental effect on exercise performance but did improve range of movement exercises. CONCLUSIONS Selected warm-up exercise may increase PFT and possibly CFT scores. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of dynamic stretching and dynamic warm-ups.
Energy Psychology in Rehabilitation: Origins, Clinical Applications, and Theory

EP in Rehabilitation: Origins, Clinical Applications, and Theory Energy Psychology 1:1 • Nov 2009 57 Three forces have dominated psychology and psychological treatment at different times since the early 1900s. The fi rst force was Freudian psychoanalysis and its offshoots that focus on unconscious psychodynamics and developmental fi xations, with principal therapeutic techniques including free association, dream analysis, interpretation, and abreaction. Second came behaviorism, spearheaded by Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner, which emphasized environmental stimuli and conditioning—its techniques including respondent and operant conditioning, exposure, desensitization, schedules of reinforcement, modeling, and more. The third force involved humanistic and transpersonal approaches that attend to values and choice, including client-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, phenomenology, and cognitive therapy, some of the principal leaders being Rogers, Maslow, Perls, Rollo May, Binswanger, and Ellis. Recently the new paradigm of energy psychology has emerged, which may be considered psychology’s fourth force. The earliest pioneers included Goodheart, Diamond, and Callahan. This theoretical and practice approach offers the fi eld some unique fi ndings, as it views psychological problems as body–mind interactions and bioenergy fi elds, providing treatments that directly and effi ciently address these substrates. Some of energy psychology’s techniques include stimulating acupoints and chakras, specific body postures, affi rmations, imagery, manual muscle testing, and an emphasis on intention. This review covers energy psychology’s historical development and experimental evidence base. Case illustrations and treatment protocols are discussed for the treatment of psychological trauma and physical pain, two of the most important and ubiquitous aspects common to rehabilitation conditions. Additionally, the research on energy psychology is highlighted, and the distinction between global treatments and causal energy diagnostic-treatment approaches to treatment is addressed.
Raman spectra of Hg-based superconductors: Effect of oxygen defects.

Polarized micro-Raman scattering measurements have been performed on the five members of the HgBa{sub 2}Ca{sub {ital n}{minus}1}Cu{sub {ital n}}O{sub 2{ital n}+2+{delta}} ({ital n}=1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} superconductor family. A systematic evolution of the spectrum, which mainly involves oxygen-related phonons around 590, 570, 540, and 470 cm{sup {minus}1}, with an increasing number of CuO{sub 2} layers, has been observed. Local laser annealing measurements clearly demonstrate that all these phonons are closely related to interstitial oxygen in the HgO{sub {delta}} planes. The origin of the spectrum evolution with the number of CuO{sub 2} layers lies in the variation of interstitial oxygen content. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
RTW in back conditions

Purpose. Back conditions are a group of impairments that induce limitation of activities and restriction of participation, in particular delaying the Return to work (RTW). The purpose of this review is to analyse the components involved in RTW. Method. We have included the studies and reviews about the intervention, assessment tools, variables used to forecast the RTW and the cost-benefit ratio. Results. We found a relevant number of studies concerning back conditions and Return to work. The evidence is moderate and the meta-analysis failed to show strong indications of efficacy. The better interventions to facilitate RTW are multidisciplinary, not necessarily intensive but taking into account a bio-psycho-social approach. The predictor of RTW does not only concern impairment (pain, rigidity etc.), but the self-estimation of ability is also important to forecast RTW. Intervention seems to be cost-effective if we calculate the saving cost in pension. Conclusions. Comprehensive bio-psycho-social approaches seem to be the better modality of intervention to facilitate the RTW. More research is needed to obtain more knowledge about these issues. Particular attention should be placed on the choice of outcome measures and the cost-effectiveness of interventions.
A role for two-pore potassium (K2P) channels in endometrial epithelial function

The human endometrial epithelium is pivotal to menstrual cycle progression, implantation and early pregnancy. Endometrial function is directly regulated by local factors that include pH, oxygen tension and ion concentrations to generate an environment conducive to fertilization. A superfamily of potassium channels characterized by two‐pore domains (K2P) and encoded by KCNK genes is implicated in the control of the cell resting membrane potential through the generation of leak currents and modulation by various physicochemical stimuli. The aims of the study were to determine the expression and function of K2P channel subtypes in proliferative and secretory phase endometrium obtained from normo‐ovulatory women and in an endometrial cancer cell line. Using immunochemical methods, real‐time qRT‐PCR proliferation assays and electrophysiology. Our results demonstrate mRNA for several K2P channel subtypes in human endometrium with molecular expression of TREK‐1 shown to be higher in proliferative than secretory phase endometrium (P < 0.001). The K2P channel blockers methanandamide, lidocaine, zinc and curcumin had antiproliferative effects (P < 0.01) in an endometrial epithelial cancer cell line indicating a role for TASK and TREK‐1 channels in proliferation. Tetraethylammonium‐ and 4‐aminopyridine‐insensitive outwards currents were inhibited at all voltages by reducing extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.6. Higher expression of TREK‐1 expression in proliferative phase endometrium may, in part, underlie linked to increased cell division. The effects of pH and a lack of effect of non‐specific channel blockers of voltage‐gated potassium channels imply a role for K2P channels in the regulation of human endometrial function.
MicroRNA-486 as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Recurrence of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Early diagnosis is essential for improvements of prognosis and survival of the patients. Currently, there is no effective biomarker available in clinical settings for early detection of lung cancer. Altered expressions in many cancer types including NSCLC and stable existence in plasma make microRNAs (miRNAs) a group of potentially useful biomarkers for clinical assessments of patients with NSCLC. Objectives To evaluate the potential values of miRNAs as blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis in NSCLC patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers and early-staged NSCLC patients before and after surgery were collected, and plasma was separated. Expression of ten miRNAs in the plasma and tumor sections of the patients was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results MiRNA (miR)-486 and miR-150 were found to significantly distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy volunteers. Area under curve of miR-486 and miR-150 were 0.926 (sensitivity, 0.909; specificity, 0.818) and 0.752 (sensitivity, 0.818; specificity, 0.818), respectively. In response to therapy, patients with down-regulated miR-486 expression showed prolonged recurrence-free survival than those with un-reduced miR-486 expression (median, unreached vs. 19 months; hazard ratio, 0.1053; 95% confidence interval, 0.01045 to 1.060; P=0.056). Conclusions The results suggest that miR-486 and miR-150 could be potential blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of NSCLC. Monitoring change of miR-486 expression in plasma might be an effective and non-invasive method for recurrence prediction of early-staged NSCLC patients.
Discoloration Potential of Endodontic Sealers: A Brief Review

Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic sealers, is a common finding that impairs aesthetic outcome of endodontic treatment. The aim of the present mini literature review, was to summarize the existing data on discoloration potential of different endodontic sealers. The research covered the article published in PubMed and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2015. The searched keywords included ‘tooth discoloration AND endodontic’, ‘tooth discoloration AND sealer, ‘tooth discoloration AND zinc-oxide eugenol sealer’, ‘tooth discoloration AND Calcium Hydroxide Sealer’, ‘tooth discoloration AND Glass Ionomer Sealer’, ‘tooth discoloration AND epoxy-resin Sealer’, ‘tooth discoloration AND Silicon Based Sealer’, ‘tooth discoloration AND Bioceramic Sealer’ and ‘Spectrophotometry’. Conclusion: A total number of 44 articles were gained which reduced to 11 after excluding the repetitive items. The available evidence for discoloration potential of endodontic sealers currently available on the market is scarce. However, it can be concluded that all endodontic sealers can potentially stain the tooth structure to different degrees.
A pr 2 00 2 Leptogenesis and Low Energy CP Violation ∗

We discuss the possibility of relating the size and sign of the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe to CP violation observable at low energies, in a framework where the observed baryon asymmetry is produced by leptogenesis through out of equilibrium decay of heavy Majorana neutrinos. We have shown that although in general such a connection cannot be established, there are specific frameworks where a link does exist. Furthermore, we identify the CP violating phases relevant to leptogenesis and those relevant for low energy CP violation and build weak basis invariant conditions for CP conservation. Talk given by MNR at the RTN meeting : “Across the Present Energy Frontier : Probing the Origin of Mass”, Corfu, Greece, 10 September13 September 2001 e-mail: gbranco@alfa.ist. utl.pt e-mail: morozumi@theo.phys.sci.hiroshima-u.ac. jp e-mail: bnobre@cfif.ist. utl.pt e-mail: rebelo@alfa.ist. utl.pt
Approximate counting, the Lovasz local lemma, and inference in graphical models

In this paper we introduce a new approach for approximately counting in bounded degree systems with higher-order constraints. Our main result is an algorithm to approximately count the number of solutions to a CNF formula Ф when the width is logarithmic in the maximum degree. This closes an exponential gap between the known upper and lower bounds. Moreover our algorithm extends straightforwardly to approximate sampling, which shows that under Lovász Local Lemma-like conditions it is not only possible to find a satisfying assignment, it is also possible to generate one approximately uniformly at random from the set of all satisfying assignments. Our approach is a significant departure from earlier techniques in approximate counting, and is based on a framework to bootstrap an oracle for computing marginal probabilities on individual variables. Finally, we give an application of our results to show that it is algorithmically possible to sample from the posterior distribution in an interesting class of graphical models.
Chaos Synchronization and Cryptography for Secure Communications: Applications for Encryption

In this chapter the authors talk about importance of chaos synchronization on technology and science. This chapter is developed in three sections. In the former the authors tackle the subject related with the so-called the synchronized state in the sense of identical synchronization. It is done via robust nonlinear observer design, considering corrupted measurements and model uncertainties, coupling uncertainty estimators with nonlinear state observers. The second part treats the subject related to the applications to chaos communications, that is to say, an application of chaos theory which is aimed to provide security in the transmission of information performed through telecommunications technologies, speaking roughly at the transmitter, a message is added on to a chaotic signal and then, the message is masked in the chaotic signal. As it carries the information, the chaotic signal is also called chaotic carrier. This is done via control theory and is a particular case of chaos synchronization. Finally, in the latter section the authors talk about application to synchronization of biological systems that is to say, the intercellular Ca2+ waves have been seen like a mechanism by means of which a group of cells can communicate with one another and coordinate a multicellular response to a local event. Recently, it has been observed in a variety of systems that calcium signals can also propagate from one cell to another and thereby serve as a means of intercellular communication. The desire to understand the biophysical mechanisms of cellular dynamics has lead to introduce feedback control laws in some biological systems. Departing from the above ideas, this section explores links between feedback control schemes, with an external input, and intracellular calcium functions for coordination and control. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-737-4.ch010
Switching Between Sensory and Affective Systems Incurs Processing Costs

Recent models of the conceptual system hold that concepts are grounded in simulations of actual experiences with instances of those concepts in sensory-motor systems (e.g., Barsalou, 1999, 2003; Solomon & Barsalou, 2001). Studies supportive of such a viewhave shown that verifying a property of a concept in one modality, and then switching to verify a property of a different concept in a different modality generates temporal processing costs similar to the cost of switching modalities in perception. In addition to non-emotional concepts, the present experiment investigated switching costs in verifying properties of positive and negative (emotional) concepts. Properties of emotional concepts were taken from vision, audition, and the affective system. Parallel to switching costs in neutral concepts, the study showed that for positive and negative concepts, verifying properties from different modalities produced processing costs such that reaction times were longer and error rates were higher. Importantly, this effect was observed when switching from the affective system to sensory modalities, and vice-versa. These results support the embodied cognition view of emotion in humans.
Regional variability of imaging biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

Significance Beta-amyloid plaque accumulation, glucose hypometabolism, and neuronal atrophy are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the regional ordering of these biomarkers prior to dementia remains untested. In a cohort with Alzheimer’s disease mutations, we performed an integrated whole-brain analysis of three major imaging techniques: amyloid PET, [18F]fluro-deoxyglucose PET, and structural MRI. We found that most gray-matter structures with amyloid plaques later have hypometabolism followed by atrophy. Critically, however, not all regions lose metabolic function, and not all regions atrophy, even when there is significant amyloid deposition. These regional disparities have important implications for clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies. Major imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease include amyloid deposition [imaged with [11C]Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET], altered glucose metabolism (imaged with [18F]fluro-deoxyglucose PET), and structural atrophy (imaged by MRI). Recently we published the initial subset of imaging findings for specific regions in a cohort of individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease. We now extend this work to include a larger cohort, whole-brain analyses integrating all three imaging modalities, and longitudinal data to examine regional differences in imaging biomarker dynamics. The anatomical distribution of imaging biomarkers is described in relation to estimated years from symptom onset. Autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease mutation carrier individuals have elevated PiB levels in nearly every cortical region 15 y before the estimated age of onset. Reduced cortical glucose metabolism and cortical thinning in the medial and lateral parietal lobe appeared 10 and 5 y, respectively, before estimated age of onset. Importantly, however, a divergent pattern was observed subcortically. All subcortical gray-matter regions exhibited elevated PiB uptake, but despite this, only the hippocampus showed reduced glucose metabolism. Similarly, atrophy was not observed in the caudate and pallidum despite marked amyloid accumulation. Finally, before hypometabolism, a hypermetabolic phase was identified for some cortical regions, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate. Additional analyses of individuals in which longitudinal data were available suggested that an accelerated appearance of volumetric declines approximately coincides with the onset of the symptomatic phase of the disease.
Twelve Tips on usability testing to develop effective e-learning in medical education

Usability testing is widely used in the commercial world during the process of developing new products, especially software and websites. However, it appears to be rarely used in the development of e-learning in medical education. The focus of usability testing is the user of the particular product and it informs product development by using a systematic process to identify usability problems at an early stage during product development so that these problems can be rectified. Usability testing of e-learning considers the characteristics of the learner, the technological aspects, the interaction and instructional design and finally the context. Testing under the conditions that the e-learning intervention will typically be used is the preferred method but more extreme situations can provide useful information. Product development should be iterative and rapid cycles of testing and refinement are essential to produce an effective e-learning intervention.
FastScale: Accelerate RAID Scaling by Minimizing Data Migration

Previous approaches to RAID scaling either require a very large amount of data to be migrated, or cannot tolerate multiple disk additions without resulting in disk imbalance. In this paper, we propose a new approach to RAID-0 scaling called FastScale. First, FastScale minimizes data migration, while maintaining a uniform data distribution. With a new and elastic addressing function, it moves only enough data blocks from old disks to fill an appropriate fraction of new disks without migrating data among old disks. Second, FastScale optimizes data migration with two techniques: (1) it accesses multiple physically successive blocks via a single I/O, and (2) it records data migration lazily to minimize the number of metadata writes without compromising data consistency. Using several real system disk traces, our experiments show that compared with SLAS, one of the most efficient traditional approaches, FastScale can reduce redistribution time by up to 86.06% with smaller maximum response time of user I/Os. The experiments also illustrate that the performance of the RAID-0 scaled using FastScale is almost identical with that of the round-robin RAID-0.
Age effects on urethral striated muscle. I. Changes in number and diameter of striated muscle fibers in the ventral urethra.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to test the null hypothesis that the number of striated muscle fibers in the ventral wall of the female urethra remains constant with increasing age. STUDY DESIGN The urethra and surrounding tissues from 25 female cadavers, mean age 52 years (+/-SD 18, range 15-80 years), were selected for this study. Each specimen was divided along the midsagittal plane, and a Masson trichrome histologic section was prepared. A systematic count of striated muscle fibers in the ventral wall was then obtained at each decile of urethral length. RESULTS A decrease in the total number of fibers within the sampled area was found with increasing age. The mean of the total fibers across all urethrae was 17,423 (+/-SD 9,624, range 4,788-35,867). Over the life span, an average of 364 fibers (2%) were lost per year (95% CI 197-531; P <.001). Mean fiber density was 671 (+/- SD 296, range 228-1374) fibers/mm2 and decreased by 13 fibers/mm2 per year (95% CI 8-17; P <.001). The mean lesser fiber diameter was 24 microm and did not change significantly with age ( P =.3). CONCLUSIONS The number and density of urethral striated muscle fibers decline with age.
Effects of high ELF magnetic fields on enzyme‐catalyzed DNA and RNA synthesis in vitro and on a cell‐free DNA mismatch repair

Environmental electromagnetic fields have been implicated in human cancers. We examined whether high extremely low frequency (ELF) AC magnetic fields could affect DNA synthesis, transcription or repair, using in vitro model systems with defined sequences. The rate and fidelity of DNA polymerase catalyzed DNA synthesis, as well as of RNA polymerase catalyzed RNA synthesis, were not statistically significantly affected by 60 Hz 0.25–0.5 Tesla magnetic fields. The efficiency of mutS dependent mismatch repair with human cell extracts was also not affected by the magnetic field exposure. The results suggest that the core processes related to the transmission of genetic information are stable under high ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 22:260–266, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.