Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet and Lung Cancer Risk From a 14-Year Population-Based Prospective Study in Japan: With Special Reference to Fish Consumption

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil exhibit a variety of health benefits, and there is evidence that they can inhibit the development of human lung mucoepidermoid and other carcinomas. To examine the hypothesis that fish consumption reduces the risk of lung cancer, we conducted a population-based prospective study, following 5,885 residents for 14 yr. Person-years were used to calculate the relative risk (RR) by the Cox proportional hazards model, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. A total of 51 incident lung cancer cases were observed, and we found linearly decreasing RRs for lung cancer with increased frequency of consumption of fish and shellfish (RRs = 1.00, 0.99, and 0.32, P for trend = 0.003) but not with intake of dried/salted fish. Decreased RRs were apparent with both broiling and boiling cooking methods, but reduction with raw and deep-fried fish consumption was not statistically significant. We conclude that frequent fresh fish consumption, irrespective of the cooking method, may reduce the risk of lung cancer.
Multi Criteria Optimization of Laser Percussion Drilling Process Using Artificial Neural Network Model Combined with Genetic Algorithm

ABSTRACT This is a study of laser percussion drilling optimization by combining the neural network method with the genetic algorithm. First, optimum input parameters of the process were obtained in order to optimize every single output parameter (response) of the zprocess regardless of their effect on each other (single criterion optimization). Then, optimum input parameters were obtained in order to optimize the effect of all output parameters in a multicriteria manner. Artificial neural network (ANN) method was employed to develop an experimental model of the process according to the experimental results. Then optimum input parameters (peak power, pulse width, pulse frequency, number of pulses, assist gas pressure, and focal plane position) were specified by using the genetic algorithm (GA). The output parameters include the hole entrance diameter, circularity of hole entrance and hole exit, and hole taper. The tests were carried out on mild steel EN3 sheets, with 2.5 mm thickness. The sheets were drilled by a 400 w pulsed Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1.06 µm wave length. Oxygen was employed as the assist gas. Considering the accuracy of the optimum numerical results and the high capability of the neural network in modeling, this method is reliable and precise and confirms the qualitative results in the previous studies. As a result, one can use this method to optimally adjust input parameters of the process in multicriteria optimization mode, which indicates substitute application of the method for optimizing the laser percussion drilling process.
Ecosystem Overfishing in the Ocean

Fisheries catches represent a net export of mass and energy that can no longer be used by trophic levels higher than those fished. Thus, exploitation implies a depletion of secondary production of higher trophic levels (here the production of mass and energy by herbivores and carnivores in the ecosystem) due to the removal of prey. The depletion of secondary production due to the export of biomass and energy through catches was recently formulated as a proxy for evaluating the ecosystem impacts of fishing–i.e., the level of ecosystem overfishing. Here we evaluate the historical and current risk of ecosystem overfishing at a global scale by quantifying the depletion of secondary production using the best available fisheries and ecological data (i.e., catch and primary production). Our results highlight an increasing trend in the number of unsustainable fisheries (i.e., an increase in the risk of ecosystem overfishing) from the 1950s to the 2000s, and illustrate the worldwide geographic expansion of overfishing. These results enable to assess when and where fishing became unsustainable at the ecosystem level. At present, total catch per capita from Large Marine Ecosystems is at least twice the value estimated to ensure fishing at moderate sustainable levels.
An acceptance model for smart watches: Implications for the adoption of future wearable technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the key psychological determinants of smart watch adoption (i.e. affective quality (AQ), relative advantage (RA), mobility (MB), availability (AV), subcultural appeal) and develops an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that integrates the findings into the original TAM constructs. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey assessed the proposed psychological determinants of smart watch adoption. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted on collected data (n=363) using the AMOS 22 statistical software. The reliability and validity of the measurement assessing the proposed factor structure were examined via CFA, while the strength and direction of the hypothesized causal paths among the constructs were analyzed via SEM. Findings – The AQ and RA of smart watches were found to be associated with perceived usefulness, while the sense of MB and AV induced by smart watches led to a greater perceived ease of the technology’s use. The results also indicated that the devices’ subcultural appeal and cost were notable antecedents of user attitude (AT) and intention to use, respectively. Originality/value – Though smart watches are becoming increasingly popular, empirical studies on user perceptions of and ATs toward – them remain preliminary. This paper is one of the first scholarly attempts at a systematic prediction of smart watch usage, with implications for the adoption of future wearable technology.
Modeling Human Natural Killer Cell Development in the Era of Innate Lymphoid Cells

Decades after the discovery of natural killer (NK) cells, their developmental pathways in mice and humans have not yet been completely deciphered. Accumulating evidence indicates that NK cells can develop in multiple tissues throughout the body. Moreover, detailed and comprehensive models of NK cell development were proposed soon after the turn of the century. However, with the recent identification and characterization of other subtypes of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which show some overlapping functional and phenotypic features with NK cell developmental intermediates, the distinct stages through which human NK cells develop from early hematopoietic progenitor cells remain unclear. Thus, there is a need to reassess and refine older models of NK cell development in the context of new data and in the era of ILCs. Our group has focused on elucidating the developmental pathway of human NK cells in secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs), including tonsils and lymph nodes. Here, we provide an update of recent progress that has been made with regard to human NK cell development in SLTs, and we discuss these new findings in the context of contemporary models of ILC development.
Prediction of remission in obsessive compulsive disorder using a novel machine learning strategy

The study objective was to apply machine learning methodologies to identify predictors of remission in a longitudinal sample of 296 adults with a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Random Forests is an ensemble machine learning algorithm that has been successfully applied to large‐scale data analysis across vast biomedical disciplines, though rarely in psychiatric research or for application to longitudinal data. When provided with 795 raw and composite scores primarily from baseline measures, Random Forest regression prediction explained 50.8% (5000‐run average, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI]: 50.3–51.3%) of the variance in proportion of time spent remitted. Machine performance improved when only the most predictive 24 items were used in a reduced analysis. Consistently high‐ranked predictors of longitudinal remission included Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) items, NEO items and subscale scores, Y‐BOCS symptom checklist cleaning/washing compulsion score, and several self‐report items from social adjustment scales. Random Forest classification was able to distinguish participants according to binary remission outcomes with an error rate of 24.6% (95% bootstrap CI: 22.9–26.2%). Our results suggest that clinically‐useful prediction of remission may not require an extensive battery of measures. Rather, a small set of assessment items may efficiently distinguish high‐ and lower‐risk patients and inform clinical decision‐making. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment

Cryogenic treatments are usually carried out immediately after quenching, but their use can be extended to post tempering in order to improve their fracture toughness. This research paper focuses on the influence of post-tempering cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tempered AISI M2, AISI D2, and X105CrCoMo18 steels. The aforementioned steels have been analysed after tempering and tempering + cryogenic treatment with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction for residual stress measurements, and micro- and nano-indentation to determine Young’s modulus and plasticity factor measurement. Besides the improvement of toughness, a further aim of the present work is the investigation of the pertinence of a novel technique for characterizing the fracture toughness via scratch experiments on cryogenically-treated steels. Results show that the application of post-tempering cryogenic treatment on AISI M2, AISI D2, and X105CrCoMo18 steels induce precipitation of fine and homogeneously dispersed sub-micrometric carbides which do not alter hardness and Young’s modulus values, but reduce residual stresses and increase fracture toughness. Finally, scratch test proved to be an alternative simple technique to determine the fracture toughness of cryogenically treated steels.
Visual and auditory sentence processing: A developmental analysis using event‐related brain potentials

Subjects aged 5 to 26 years listened to and read (7 to 26 years) sentences that ended either with a highly expected (best completion) or a semantically inappropriate (anomalous completion) word. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) to sentence final words displayed effects of contextual priming in both modalities in all age groups. Early and late ERP components displayed large decreases in amplitude and latency with age. These changes necessitated normalization procedures so that overall changes in amplitude with age could be assessed separately from changes in the amplitude of the differences between best‐completion and anomalous‐completion words. There were significant reductions in the contextual priming effects with age. Moreover, these age‐related changes were different for the auditory and visual modalities, and for the early and later phases of the priming effect. These results suggest that nonidentical systems, with different developmental time courses, generate the early and late priming effects in th.
A Distinct Signaling Pathway Used by the IgG-Containing B Cell Antigen Receptor

The immunoglobulin G (IgG)–containing B lymphocyte antigen receptor (IgG-BCR) transmits a signal distinct from that of IgM-BCR or IgD-BCR, although all three use the same signal-transducing component, Igα/Igβ. Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory coreceptor CD22 down-modulates signaling through IgM-BCR and IgD-BCR, but not that through IgG-BCR, because of the IgG cytoplasmic tail, which prevents CD22 phosphorylation. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail of IgG specifically enhances IgG-BCR signaling by preventing CD22-mediated signal inhibition. Enhanced signaling through IgG-BCR may be involved in efficient IgG production, which is crucial for immunity to pathogens.
Secure Polar Coding for the Two-Way Wiretap Channel

In this paper, we consider the problem of polar coding for secure communications over the two-way wiretap channel, where two legitimate users communicate with each other simultaneously, while a passive eavesdropper overhears a combination of their exchanged signals. We design a low complexity polar coded cooperative jamming scheme that achieves the whole secrecy rate region of the general two-way wiretap channel under the strong secrecy criterion. The chaining method is used to make proper alignment of polar indices. The randomness required to be shared between two legitimate users is treated as a limited resource and we show that its rate can be made negligible by increasing the blocklength and the number of chained blocks. For the special case when the eavesdropper channel is degraded with respect to the legitimate ones, a simplified scheme is proposed which can simultaneously ensure reliability and weak secrecy within a single transmission block.
A 3D Morphable Model of Craniofacial Shape and Texture Variation

We present a fully automatic pipeline to train 3D Morphable Models (3DMMs), with contributions in pose normalisation, dense correspondence using both shape and texture information, and high quality, high resolution texture mapping. We propose a dense correspondence system, combining a hierarchical parts-based template morphing framework in the shape channel and a refining optical flow in the texture channel. The texture map is generated using raw texture images from five views. We employ a pixel-embedding method to maintain the texture map at the same high resolution as the raw texture images, rather than using per-vertex color maps. The high quality texture map is then used for statistical texture modelling. The Headspace dataset used for training includes demographic information about each subject, allowing for the construction of both global 3DMMs and models tailored for specific gender and age groups. We build both global craniofacial 3DMMs and demographic sub-population 3DMMs from more than 1200 distinct identities. To our knowledge, we present the first public 3DMM of the full human head in both shape and texture: the Liverpool-York Head Model. Furthermore, we analyse the 3DMMs in terms of a range of performance metrics. Our evaluations reveal that the training pipeline constructs state-of-the-art models.
A Stochastic Production-Inventory Model in a Two-State Production System With Inventory Deterioration, Rework Process, and Backordering

The existing economic production quantity (EPQ) models in imperfect production systems normally assume either deteriorating production processes or deteriorating inventory. In this paper, the two aspects are combined together in a single approach to solve single machine, single product EPQ problem. There are assumed to be two states: 1) in-control and 2) out-of-control state. At the beginning of each production cycle, the production process is in control with a low defective rate. After a certain time period, the production process switches from an in-control to an out-of-control state. As a result, the defect rate increases to another level and more defective items are produced. Defective products are reworked after the normal production process all together but before that they are stored in an inventory, so a corresponding inventory holding cost is generated. Backordering is also considered in this model and products are first used to satisfy the backlog demand in each production run. Three different cases are considered and discussed in which the switch of state occurs in the backlog period, the inventory surplus period, and after the normal production period, respectively. By finding the optimal total production and backlog quantity, the expected total cost per unit product is minimized.
ETV6 (TEL1) regulates embryonic hematopoiesis in zebrafish

Chromosomal translocations involving fusions of the human ETV6 (TEL1) gene occur frequently in hematologic malignancies. However, a detailed understanding of the normal function of ETV6 remains incomplete. This study has employed zebrafish as a relevant model to investigate the role of ETV6 during embryonic hematopoiesis. Zebrafish possessed a single conserved etv6 ortholog that was expressed from 12 hpf in the lateral plate mesoderm, and later in hematopoietic, vascular and other tissues. Morpholino-mediated gene knockdown of etv6 revealed the complex contribution of this gene toward embryonic hematopoiesis. During primitive hematopoiesis, etv6 knockdown resulted in reduced levels of progenitor cells, erythrocyte and macrophage populations, but increased numbers of incompletely differentiated heterophils. Definitive hematopoiesis was also perturbed, with etv6 knockdown leading to decreased erythrocytes and myeloid cells, but enhanced lymphopoiesis. This study suggests that ETV6 plays a broader and more complex role in early hematopoiesis than previously thought, impacting on the development of multiple lineages.
Strain induced anisotropic properties of shape memory polymer

Heat activated shape memory polymers (SMPs) are increasingly being utilized in ambitious, large deformation designs. These designs may display unexpected or even undesirable performance if the evolution of the SMP’s mechanical properties as a function of deformation is neglected. Yet, despite the broadening use of SMPs in complex load bearing structures, there has been little research completed to characterize how the material properties change upon application of large strain. The following is an experimental investigation into the strain induced anisotropic properties of the SMP Veriflex®. It is found that under large uniaxial strain the SMP’s stiffness in the transverse direction can be reduced as much as 86%, while the toughness in the axial direction may increase by an order of magnitude in some cases. A generalized analysis suggests that this trend should be expected for any SMP.
Epidermal cell turnover across tight junctions based on Kelvin's tetrakaidecahedron cell shape

In multicellular organisms, cells adopt various shapes, from flattened sheets of endothelium to dendritic neurons, that allow the cells to function effectively. Here, we elucidated the unique shape of cells in the cornified stratified epithelia of the mammalian epidermis that allows them to achieve homeostasis of the tight junction (TJ) barrier. Using intimate in vivo 3D imaging, we found that the basic shape of TJ-bearing cells is a flattened Kelvin's tetrakaidecahedron (f-TKD), an optimal shape for filling space. In vivo live imaging further elucidated the dynamic replacement of TJs on the edges of f-TKD cells that enables the TJ-bearing cells to translocate across the TJ barrier. We propose a spatiotemporal orchestration model of f-TKD cell turnover, where in the classic context of 'form follows function', cell shape provides a fundamental basis for the barrier homeostasis and physical strength of cornified stratified epithelia. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.19593. 001
Robust randomized matchings

The following zero-sum game is played on a weighted graph G: Alice selects a matching M in G and Bob selects a number k. Then, Alice receives a payoff equal to the ratio of the weight of the top k edges of M to optk, which is the maximum weight of a matching of size at most k in G. If M guarantees a payoff of at least α then it is called α-robust. In 2002, Hassin and Rubinstein gave an algorithm that returns a [EQUATION]-robust matching, which is best possible for this setting. In this paper, we show that Alice can improve on the guarantee of [EQUATION] when allowing her to play a randomized strategy. For this setting, we devise a simple algorithm that returns a 1/ln(4)-robust randomized matching. The algorithm is based on the following non-trivial observation: If all edge weights are integer powers of 2, then any lexicographically optimum matching is 1-robust. We prove this property not only for matchings but for any independence system in which optk is a concave function of k. This class of systems includes matroid intersection, b-matchings, and strong 2-exchange systems. We also show that our robustness results for randomized matchings translate to an asymptotic robustness guarantee for deterministic matchings: When restricting Bob's choice to cardinalities larger than a given constant, then Alice can find a single deterministic matching with approximately the same guaranteed payoff as in the randomized setting. In addition to the above results, we also give a new simple LP-based proof of Hassin and Rubinstein's original result.
Comparative efficacy and selectivity of some nucleoside analogs against Epstein-Barr virus

The effects of (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC), 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluridine (FMAU), 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouridine (FIAU), (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU), and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG or BW B759U) on the replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro were evaluated and compared with that of acyclovir (ACV). The relative potencies of these drugs, on the basis of anti-EBV activity, were: FIAC = FIAU greater than FMAU greater than DHPG greater than BVdU greater than ACV; on the basis of the therapeutic index they were: BVdU greater than DHPG greater than FIAC greater than ACV greater than FIAU greater than FMAU. Differential inhibition of EBV-associated polypeptides by these drugs was observed.
When Learning and Remembering Compete: A Functional MRI Study

Recent functional neuroimaging evidence suggests a bottleneck between learning new information and remembering old information. In two behavioral experiments and one functional MRI (fMRI) experiment, we tested the hypothesis that learning and remembering compete when both processes happen within a brief period of time. In the first behavioral experiment, participants intentionally remembered old words displayed in the foreground, while incidentally learning new scenes displayed in the background. In line with a memory competition, we found that remembering old information was associated with impaired learning of new information. We replicated this finding in a subsequent fMRI experiment, which showed that this behavioral effect was coupled with a suppression of learning-related activity in visual and medial temporal areas. Moreover, the fMRI experiment provided evidence that left mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in resolving the memory competition, possibly by facilitating rapid switching between learning and remembering. Critically, a follow-up behavioral experiment in which the background scenes were replaced with a visual target detection task provided indications that the competition between learning and remembering was not merely due to attention. This study not only provides novel insight into our capacity to learn and remember, but also clarifies the neural mechanisms underlying flexible behavior.
Thermophysical properties of anhydride-cured epoxy/nano-clay composites

Polymer nano-composites made with a matrix of anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and reinforced with organo-montmorillonite clay were investigated. A sonication technique was used to process the epoxy/clay nano-composites. The thermal properties of the nano-composites were measured with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The glass transition temperature Tg of the anhydride-cured epoxy was higher than the room temperature (RT). For samples with 6.25 wt% (4.0 vol%) of clay, the storage modulus at 30°C and at (Tg + 15)°C was observed to increase 43% and 230%, respectively, relative to the value of unfilled epoxy. The clay reinforcing effect was evaluated using the Tandon-Weng model for randomly oriented particulate filled composites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of the nano-composites prepared by sonication of clays in acetone showed well-dispersed platelets in the nano-composites. The clay nano-platelets were observed to be well-intercalated/expanded in the anhydride-cured epoxy resin system. POLYM. COMPOS. , 26:42–51, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.