Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PARK: A privacy-preserving aggregation scheme with adaptive key management for smart grid

Smart Grid, as one kind of promising sustainable power systems, can rely on two-way communications and emerging smart meters to intelligently control the residential electricity usage. However, due to the inherent open communication media as well as the limited communication, computation and storage capabilities of smart meters, security concerns raise and hinder the further flourish of smart grid. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving aggregation (PARK) scheme with adaptive key management and revocation, to prevent user's data from being disclosed to untrusted entities in smart grid. Specifically, we first investigate a lightweight aggregation scheme with efficient aggregate authentication, which protects the individual user's data from disclosure to the untrusted aggregator. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive key management mechanism with effective revocation, where users can automatically update their encryption keys if no user joins or departs from the system. The expiry time of the key is determined by user's reputation for the adaptive key management. Finally, the security analysis demonstrates that the PARK can achieve privacy preservation, forward and backward secrecy at the same time, while the performance evaluation shows that the PARK consumes reasonable costs.
Operative Management of Partial-Thickness Tears of the Proximal Hamstring Muscles in Athletes

Background: Partial tears of the hamstring muscle origin represent a challenging clinical problem to the patient and orthopaedic surgeon. Although nonoperative treatment is frequently met with limited success, there is a paucity of data on the efficacy of surgical management for partial proximal hamstring tears in the active and athletic population. Purpose: To evaluate the results of an anatomic repair for partial tears of the hamstring muscle origin in athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The records of 17 patients with partial tears of the proximal hamstring origin were reviewed after institutional review board approval was obtained. All patients were treated with open debridement and primary tendon repair after failure of at least 6 months of nonoperative therapy. Clinical and operative records, radiographs, and magnetic resonance images were reviewed for all patients. A patient-reported outcomes survey was completed by 14 patients that included the Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS), Marx activity rating scale, custom LEFS and Marx scales, and subjective patient satisfaction scores. Early and late postoperative complications were recorded. Results: There were 3 male and 14 female patients; their average age was 43 years (range, 19-64 years) and average follow-up was 32 months (range, 12-51 months). There were 2 collegiate athletes (field hockey, track), 14 amateur athletes (distance running, waterskiing, tennis), and a professional bodybuilder. Postoperative LEFS was 73.3 ± 9.9 (range, 50-80) and custom LEFS was 66.7 ± 17.0 (range, 37-80) of a maximum 80 points. The most commonly reported difficulty was with prolonged sitting and explosive direction change while running. The average Marx score was 6.5 ± 5.3 (range, 0-16) of a maximum 16, correlating with a greater return to recreational running activities in this patient cohort than regular participation in pivoting or cutting sports. Marx custom scores were 20 of a maximum 20 in all patients, demonstrating no disability in the operative extremity with activities of daily living. No patient underwent a subsequent surgery. One patient was not satisfied with the result and reported persistent symptoms during competitive distance running. All patients were able to return to their preoperative level of activity after surgery. Conclusion: Anatomic surgical treatment of partial proximal hamstring avulsions can lead to satisfactory functional outcomes, a high rate of return to athletic activity, and low complication rate. This procedure should be reserved for patients who have failed an extended course of nonoperative treatment, and the proximity of the sciatic nerve mandates a careful assessment of the risk-benefit ratio before surgery is undertaken.
A Novel Classification of Lung Cancer into Molecular Subtypes

The remarkably heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has become more apparent over the last decade. In general, advanced lung cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The discovery of multiple molecular mechanisms underlying the development, progression, and prognosis of lung cancer, however, has created new opportunities for targeted therapy and improved outcome. In this paper, we define “molecular subtypes” of lung cancer based on specific actionable genetic aberrations. Each subtype is associated with molecular tests that define the subtype and drugs that may potentially treat it. We hope this paper will be a useful guide to clinicians and researchers alike by assisting in therapy decision making and acting as a platform for further study. In this new era of cancer treatment, the ‘one-size-fits-all’ paradigm is being forcibly pushed aside—allowing for more effective, personalized oncologic care to emerge.
Perioperative Acupuncture and Related Techniques

Acupuncture and related techniques are increasingly practiced in conventional medical settings, and the number of patients willing to use these techniques is increasing. Despite more than 30 yr of research, the exact mechanism of action and efficacy of acupuncture have not been established. Furthermore, most aspects of acupuncture have yet to be adequately tested. Therefore, considerable controversy remains about the role of acupuncture in clinical medicine. Acupuncture apparently does not reduce volatile anesthetic requirement by a clinically important amount. However, preoperative sedation seems to be a promising application of acupuncture in perioperative settings. Acupuncture may be effective for postoperative pain relief but requires a high level of expertise by the acupuncture practitioner. Acupuncture and related techniques can be used for treatment and prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in routine clinical practice in combination with or as an alternative to conventional antiemetics when administered before induction of general anesthesia.
Assessing Nurses Knowledge of Glasgow Coma Scale in Emergency and Outpatient Department

Assessment of level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a tool requiring knowledge that is important in detecting early deterioration in a patient's level of consciousness. Critical thinking used with the skill and knowledge in assessing the GCS is the foundation of all nursing practice. This study aims to explore the knowledge and competence in assessing the GCS among staff nurses working in the Emergency and Outpatient Departments. This is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design using the GCS Knowledge Questionnaire. Convenience sampling method was used. Nurses in these Departments were asked to partake in the survey. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive and Pearson's chi square was used. Result showed that 55.56% of nurses had poor knowledge followed by 41.48% and 2.96% with satisfactory knowledge and good knowledge, respectively. The result on the association between knowledge and education level showed a significant association between the two variables (X 2 = 18.412, df = 3, n = 135, and p < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between knowledge and age group (X 2 = 11.085, df = 2, n = 135, and p < 0.05). Overall, this study supports that good knowledge and skill are important in assessing GCS level.
Alkaline-shifted pHo Sensitivity of AE2c1-mediated Anion Exchange Reveals Novel Regulatory Determinants in the AE2 N-terminal Cytoplasmic Domain*

The mouse anion exchanger AE2/SLC4A2 Cl–/HCO–3 exchanger is essential to post-weaning life. AE2 polypeptides regulate pHi, chloride concentration, cell volume, and transepithelial ion transport in many tissues. Although the AE2a isoform has been extensively studied, the function and regulation of the other AE2 N-terminal variant mRNAs of mouse (AE2b1, AE2b2, AE2c1, and AE2c2) have not been examined. We now present an extended analysis of AE2 variant mRNA tissue distribution and function. We show in Xenopus oocytes that all AE2 variant polypeptides except AE2c2 mediated Cl– transport are subject to inhibition by acidic pHi and to activation by hypertonicity and NH+4. However, AE2c1 differs from AE2a, AE2b1, and AE2b2 in its alkaline-shifted pHo(50) (7.70 ± 0.11 versus 6.80 ± 0.05), suggesting the presence of a novel AE2a pH-sensitive regulatory site between amino acids 99 and 198. Initial N-terminal deletion mutagenesis restricted this site to the region between amino acids 120 and 150. Further analysis identified AE2a residues 127–129, 130–134, and 145–149 as jointly responsible for the difference in pHo(50) between AE2c1 and the longer AE2a, AE2b1, and AE2b2 polypeptides. Thus, AE2c1 exhibits a unique pHo sensitivity among the murine AE2 variant polypeptides, in addition to a unique tissue distribution. Physiological coexpression of AE2c1 with other AE2 variant polypeptides in the same cell should extend the range over which changing pHo can regulate AE2 transport activity.
Imaging Features of AlloDerm® Used in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstructions

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate the imaging features (ultrasound, mammogram, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) of AlloDerm®(LifeCell Corp.; Branchburg, NJ), an acellular dermal matrix sometimes used in both primary and reconstructive breast surgeries. AlloDerm® is derived from cadaveric dermis and provides an immunologically inert scaffold in tissue reconstruction. Since there is little literature on the imaging of this substance, radiologists may be unfamiliar with its appearance in breast imaging. For this manuscript, ex vivo and in vivo images of AlloDerm® in postmastectomy patients were evaluated using different imaging modalities. The appearance of AlloDerm® can vary based on length of time postsurgery and incorporation into the host. AlloDerm® appears as an isodense to glandular tissue on a mammogram and isoechoic to glandular tissue on ultrasound imaging. On MRI, in comparison with normal breast parenchyma, AlloDerm® is hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and isointense on T1-weighted imaging and demonstrates mild enhancement. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first multimodality imaging description of AlloDerm® used in postmastectomy patients. The conformation of AlloDerm® at surgical placement and the degree of host cell migration and neoangiogenesis are factors to take into consideration when performing diagnostic evaluations; and, familiarity with the various imaging appearances of AlloDerm® can be helpful to exclude residual or recurrent disease.
Development and Evaluation of a River-Basin-Scale High Spatio-Temporal Precipitation Data Set Using the WRF Model: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin

To obtain long term accurate high resolution precipitation for the Heihe River Basin (HRB), Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations were performed using two different initial boundary conditions, with nine microphysical processes for different analysis parameterization schemes. High spatial-temporal precipitation was simulated from 2000 to 2013 and a suitable set of initial, boundary, and micro parameters for the HRB was evaluated from the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research project and Chinese Meteorological Administration data at hourly, daily, monthly, and annual time scales using various statistical indicators. It was found that annual precipitation has gradually increased over the HRB since 2000. Precipitation mostly occurs in summer and is higher in monsoon-influenced areas. High elevations experience winter snowfall. Precipitation is higher in the eastern upstream area than in the western upstream, area; however, the converse occurs in winter. Precipitation gradually increases with elevation from 1000 m to 4000 m, and the maximum precipitation occurs at the height of 3500–4000 m, then the precipitation slowly decreases with elevation from 4000 m to the top over the Qilian Mountains. Precipitation is scare and has a high temporal variation in the downstream area. Results are systematically validated using the in situ observations in this region and it was found that precipitation simulated by the WRF model using suitable physical configuration agrees well with the observation over the HRB at hourly, daily, monthly and yearly scales, as well as at spatial pattern. We also conclude that the dynamic downscaling using the WRF model is capable of producing high-resolution and reliable precipitation over complex mountainous areas and extremely arid environments. The downscaled data can meet the requirement of river basin scale hydrological modeling and water balance analysis.
ARCTIC CHARR IN WINDERMERE 185 ARCTIC CHARR ( SALVELINUS ALPINUS ) IN WINDERMERE ( CUMBRIA )

This article commences with a brief introduction to Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) and its distribution in the British Isles. The history of investigations on charr in Windermere is then presented and, finally, recent trophic changes in the lake and their consequent effects on the salmonid population, are discussed. The Arctic charr is a holarctic salmonid species that includes both exclusively freshwater and anadromous forms, i.e. fish migrate to sea as juveniles and return to fresh water where they reproduce. It has the most northerly distribution of any freshwater fish. It is frequently anadromous at latitudes north of 60°N but in southerly latitudes only non-migratory stocks occur. The populations of Arctic charr in the British Isles are all non-migratory and are near their southernmost range. Charr are most widespread in Scotland and Ireland, with over 175 lochs in Scotland (Maitland 1992) and over 45 loughs in (mainly) western Ireland (Went 1971) containing charr. In Wales, there are five known lakes containing charr (Maitland & Lyle 1991). The English populations of Arctic charr all occur in the north-west, in the English Lake District. Previously, twelve lakes were reported to contain charr but now only eight (Buttermere, Coniston Water, Crummock Water, Ennerdale Water, Haweswater, Thirlmere, Wastwater and Windermere) are known to contain Arctic charr (Partington & Mills 1988; Maitland & Lyle 1991). Windermere is one of the few lowland lakes (39.3 metres above sea level) at southerly latitudes to contain a substantial population of Arctic charr.
Drug Synergy Screen and Network Modeling in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Identifies CDK4 and IGF1R as Synergistic Drug Targets

Drug screening and computational modeling of oncogenic signaling pathways identifies synergistic drug pairs for liposarcoma. Predicting Synergistic Therapies Identifying oncogenic targets has improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients, but cancers notoriously show primary or acquired resistance to single-agent therapies. Using computational modeling derived from cell viability and high-throughput proteomics data, Miller et al. identified several synergistic pairs of targets in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS). In two patient-derived DDLS cell lines, combined inhibition of CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) induced a synergistic decrease in cell proliferation by repressing two pathways: that of retinoblastoma by CDK4 inhibitors and that of AKT and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) by IGF1R inhibitors. The findings suggest that dual inhibition of CDK4 and IGF1R may be a treatment strategy for DDLS and that computational modeling may be applied to various cancers to predict improved combination therapies. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is a rare but aggressive cancer with high recurrence and low response rates to targeted therapies. Increasing treatment efficacy may require combinations of targeted agents that counteract the effects of multiple abnormalities. To identify a possible multicomponent therapy, we performed a combinatorial drug screen in a DDLS-derived cell line and identified cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as synergistic drug targets. We measured the phosphorylation of multiple proteins and cell viability in response to systematic drug combinations and derived computational models of the signaling network. These models predict that the observed synergy in reducing cell viability with CDK4 and IGF1R inhibitors depends on the activity of the AKT pathway. Experiments confirmed that combined inhibition of CDK4 and IGF1R cooperatively suppresses the activation of proteins within the AKT pathway. Consistent with these findings, synergistic reductions in cell viability were also found when combining CDK4 inhibition with inhibition of either AKT or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), another receptor similar to IGF1R that activates AKT. Thus, network models derived from context-specific proteomic measurements of systematically perturbed cancer cells may reveal cancer-specific signaling mechanisms and aid in the design of effective combination therapies.
Agentifying the process: task-based or robot-based decomposition?

In this paper we advocate the use of multi-agent systems in cellular manufacturing. More specifically, we argue that multi-agent systems can respond to the flexibility and adaptivity needs of modern manufacturing. The central issue of the design of such a multi-agent manufacturing system is the choice of the granularity level: are agents defined by decomposing the whole process across tasks or across robots? We argue that at different levels of the production plant we need different decomposition grains, robot-based, task-based or hybrid, and that this granularity decision should be driven by the criteria of control localisation, knowledge decoupling and interaction minimisation, so as to identify the decision points of the overall process. Those criteria define a dual composition and decomposition relation that appears as a good substrate for system scaling. <<ETX>>
Bioavailability of cyanide and metal–cyanide mixtures to aquatic life

Cyanide can be toxic to aquatic organisms, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed ambient water‐quality criteria to protect aquatic life. Recent work suggests that considering free, rather than total, cyanide provides a more accurate measure of the biological effects of cyanides and provides a basis for water‐quality criteria. Aquatic organisms are sensitive to free cyanide, although certain metals can form stable complexes and reduce the amount of free cyanide. As a result, total cyanide is less toxic when complexing metals are present. Cyanide is often present in complex effluents, which requires understanding how other components within these complex effluents can affect cyanide speciation and bioavailability. The authors have developed a model to predict the aqueous speciation of cyanide and have shown that this model can predict the toxicity of metal–cyanide complexes in terms of free cyanide in solutions with varying water chemistry. Toxicity endpoints based on total cyanide ranged over several orders of magnitude for various metal–cyanide mixtures. However, predicted free cyanide concentrations among these same tests described the observed toxicity data to within a factor of 2. Aquatic toxicity can be well‐described using free cyanide, and under certain conditions the toxicity was jointly described by free cyanide and elevated levels of bioavailable metals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1774–1780. © 2012 SETAC
The spatial scaling of saprotrophic fungal beta diversity in decomposing leaves

Assembly of fungal communities remains poorly understood in part because of the daunting range of spatial scales that may be involved in this process. Here, we use individual leaves as a natural sampling unit, comprising spatially distinct habitat and/or resource patches with unique histories and suites of resources. Spatial patterns in fungal beta diversity were tested for consistency with the metacommunity paradigms of species sorting and neutral dynamics. Thirty senesced leaves were collected from the forest floor (O horizon) in replicate upland forest, riparian forest and vernal pool habitats. We quantified spatial distance between leaves, and fungal community composition was assayed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Significant distance‐decay relationships were detected at all but one upland site. This is the first study where changes in fungal community composition were quantified across discrete adjacent habitat patches, providing evidence that fungal distance decay is operational at a scale of centimetres. Although leaves of differing lignin contents were sampled from each site, leaf type was not consistently important in explaining variation in fungal community composition. However, depth of a leaf within the forest floor significantly influenced community composition at five of six sites. Environmental heterogeneity associated with depth could include moisture gradients, relative influence of soil or spore colonization, and impact of forest floor biotic community (i.e. collembola and earthworms). Because the influence of spatial distance and depth on fungal community composition could not be disentangled, both species‐sorting and neutral processes may be embedded within the distance‐decay relationships that we found.
Acute febrile encephalopathy in adults from Northwest India

Background: Acute onset fever with altered mentation is a common problem encountered by the physician practicing in tropical countries. Central nervous system (CNS) infections are the most common cause resulting in fever with altered mentation in children. Aim: In this study, we have tried to analyze the cause of encephalopathy following short febrile illness in adults presenting to a tertiary care center in Northwestern part of India. Setting and Design: A prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care center in the Northwestern India over a period of 1 year. Material and Methods A total of 127 patients with fever of less than 2 weeks duration along with alteration in mentation were studied prospectively over a period of 12 months. The demographic variables were recorded in detail. In addition to routine investigations, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, noncontrast- and contrast-enhanced computed tomography, along with magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all the subjects. Statistical Analysis The results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The values were expressed as mean with standard deviation for contiguous variable as percentage for the others. Results and Conclusion Out of these, 70% had primary CNS infection as the etiology. A total of 33% patients had meningitis, 29.9% had evidence of meningoencephalitis, and 12.7% were diagnosed as sepsis-associated encephalopathy. These were followed by cerebral malaria, leptospirosis, and brain abscess as the cause of febrile encephalopathy in adults. Among the noninfectious causes, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, cortical venous thrombosis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome were documented in 2.36% each. In 11% of the patients, the final diagnosis could not be made in spite of the extensive investigations. Our study demonstrates that acute febrile encephalopathy in adults is a heterogeneous syndrome with primary CNS infections being the commonest etiology.