Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Knows, who Cares? Dementia Knowledge among Nurses, Care Workers, and Family members of People Living with Dementia

The number of people with dementia is increasing rapidly worldwide. Commensurate with population ageing, the use of nursing homes in Australia (known as residential aged care facilities) for individuals with dementia is growing. As a terminal condition, dementia is best managed by instituting a palliative approach to care. A good knowledge of dementia, including its progression and management, among staff and families of people living with dementia is essential for clear decision making and the provision of appropriate care. Yet there is limited information regarding relative levels of dementia knowledge. This paper reports the results of a study that assessed dementia knowledge among these two cohorts using the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool; the study surveyed 279 staff members and 164 family members of residents with dementia. Dementia knowledge deficits were evident in both cohorts across a range of areas. It is critical that dementia knowledge deficits are identified and addressed in order to support evidence-based dementia care. Le nombre de personnes atteintes de démence augmente rapidement à travers le monde. Ainsi on remarque en Australie une augmentation du nombre de ces malades admis dans les institutions de soins de longue durée. La démence étant une maladie terminale il appert que l'approche palliative est la meilleure forme de soins. Cependant, il est essentiel que le personnel soignant autant que les familles aient une bonne connaissance de la maladie, de ses symptomes, de la façon de traiter les maladies, et des décisions à prendre. Or, on en sait très peu quant au niveau de connaissances de ces deux groupes de personnes sur le sujet. Cet article porte sur les résultats d'une étude qui tentait d'évaluer le niveau de connaissances de 279 membres du personnel et de 164 membres des familles à l'aide de l'Έchelle d'évaluation des connaissances sur la démence. Le peu de connaissances était évident chez les deux cohortes et ce, sur un bon nombre de points. Il est donc de la plus haute importance que l'on identifie spécifiquement ces points et qu'on améliore la qualité des soins chez les personnes démentes en se basant sur des données probantes.
Parent Behaviors as Predictors of Peer Acceptance in Children With and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

It has been theorized that parents indirectly influence children's peer functioning through aspects of the parent-child relationship. One specific group of children that exhibit significant problems with peers and in interactions with parents is children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Given the limited research examining family-peer links in children with ADHD, the purpose of the current study was to examine the association between aspects of the parent-child relationship and peer functioning in boys and girls with and without ADHD. In the current study, participants included 91 boys and girls between the ages of 7 and 11 years old and their parents. Fifty-four of these children were previously diagnosed with ADHD, Combined or Hyperactive/Impulsive Type. Parents and children participated in a parent-child interaction and then completed several measures assessing the parent-child relationship and peer acceptance. Teacher reports of peer acceptance were also obtained. The results of a multiple regression indicate some support for a family-peer links in children with ADHD. Positive parental affect expressed during a parent-child interaction was the strongest predictor of child-reported peer acceptance in children diagnosed with ADHD. However, parents making positive comments about the child or giving physical affection to the child during parent-child interactions did not predict children's peer acceptance. Negative parenting behaviors showed trends toward significance in predicting lower level's of child-reported peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. Parents making negative comments about the child appeared to be the most important predictor of low peer acceptance. Parent and child reports of parental rejection failed to show a significant effect for peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. However, among children with ADHD, child-reported parental rejection approached significance as a predictor of peer acceptance. Overall, the results of the current study lend some support to the theory that parents of children with ADHD indirectly affect their children's peer acceptance through parent behaviors. Clinically, these results suggest that interventions with children with ADHD could also focus on parents expression of positive affect and decreasing negative comments. The limitations of the current study and directions for future research will be presented.
Everyday Experiences of Power

A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to investigate the meaning of everyday experiences of power. Twenty interviews were conducted wherein participants were asked to discuss situations where they were aware of power. They were asked one prompt question, “Think of a time when you were aware of power and describe that experience as fully as possible. ” Thematic analysis yielded a structure that consisted of four themes, position, control, respect, and prestige, all situated within a ground of hierarchy. The understanding of power revealed by the data analysis was discussed in light of both qualitative and quantitative studies of power, particularly those that addressed French and Raven’s (1959) bases of power. French and Raven proposed that there were five forms of power: coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. Most experiences described within the current study can be classified according to their schema. Six situations, however, did not fit French and Raven’s typology. The power possessed by electronic equipment and natural/chance occurrences was discussed and represents a non-social power type that is characterized by an utter lack of control on the part of the participant. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism via which various types of power occur and interact with each other is not often addressed in the literature. The current findings, thus, serve to provide some insight into how power forms are experienced and made meaningful to the individual. Current findings suggest that a hierarchical relationship is the primary setting wherein power is identified and understood. Within the hierarchical relationship, various forms of power are drawn upon in order to gain and/or maintain control. The type, intensity, and successfulness of the
Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes

The Fas gene encodes a cell surface molecule that is a member of the the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor family of proteins and can mediate programmed cell death (apoptosis) in certain transformed cell lines. To characterize further the biological function of Fas, particularly with regard to its function in normal cells, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated against the extracellular portion of human Fas. Some of these mAbs induced apoptosis in transformed cell lines expressing Fas, but only when immobilized on the culture vessel. One of the new Fas mAbs (M38) was used for studies on normal lymphoid cells and found to stimulate the proliferation of purified human T cells and thymocytes when immobilized on culture wells along with CD3 antibody. T cell proliferation induced by Fas mAb was largely interleukin 2 independent and was demonstrated to be due to a direct effect on the precursor T cell. Thus, the data demonstrate that in addition to a role in the induction of apoptosis in certain transformed cell lines, the Fas protein may also play an important role in the activation and proliferation of normal T cells.
Human immunoglobulin M paraproteins cross-reactive with Neisseria meningitidis group B polysaccharide and fetal brain

Three hundred fifty-nine serum samples from patients with immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG monoclonal gammopathies were tested for binding to the capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Neisseria meningitidis group B (MenB PS, poly-alpha[2-->8]-N-acetylneuraminic acid). Of 159 IgM paraproteins, 7 (4.4%) were positive, compared with 0 of 200 IgG paraproteins (P < 0.05). Since MenB PS reactivity was limited to the IgM paraproteins, the 159 IgM paraproteins were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for reactivity with seven other bacterial PSs. None reacted with meningococcal A or C, Haemophilus influenzae type b, or Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, 6, 14, or 23 PS. The specificity of the MenB PS-reactive antibodies was confirmed by demonstration of binding to N. meningitidis group B cells but not to a capsular PS-deficient mutant and by specific inhibition of binding to solid-phase MenB PS by soluble MenB PS in an ELISA. Five of five antibodies tested protected infant rats from bacteremia caused by Escherichia coli K1, an organism with a PS capsule that also is composed of poly-alpha[2-->8]-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Each of the seven MenB PS-reactive paraproteins had autoantibody activity as defined by binding to homogenates of calf brain in a radioimmunoassay. For six of the seven antibodies, binding to calf brain was inhibited by the addition of soluble MenB PS. Thus, approximately 4% of human IgM paraproteins have autoantibody activity to poly-alpha[2-->8]-N-acetylneuraminic acid, an antigen expressed in fetal brain and cross-reactive with the MenB capsular PS. The reason for this skewing of the IgM paraprotein repertoire toward reactivity with poly-alpha[2-->8]-N-acetylneuraminic acid antigenic determinants is unknown.
Studies on Starling's Law of the Heart: Determinants of the Relationship Between Left Ventricular End‐Diastolic Pressure and Circumference

The relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and circumference was studied in 27 open-chest dogs, utilizing a mercury-resistance gage to measure left ventricular end-diastolic circumference. In 6 experiments aortic pressure, cardiac output and heart rate were varied independently. Tachycardia above a rate critical for each heart elevated left ventricular eud-diastolic pressure for any given end-diastolic circumference. Hypothermia at a constant heart rate had a similar effect. The altered left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-end-diastolic circumference relationships resulting from tachycardia and hypothermia are believed to be related to the incomplete ventricular relaxation which occurs as the duration of diastole is encroached upon. Acute, spontaneous heart failure was accompanied by an augmented left ventricular end-diastolic circumference for any given end-diastolic pressure, an effect which may be considered to reflect an increase in myocardial extensibility. The relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and end-diastolic circumference was not modified either by changes of aortic pressure or of cardiac output. There was no constant relationship between the left ventricular end-diastolic circumference and the tension-time index. Indeed, it was possible to manipulate aortic pressure and cardiac output so that these 2 parameters moved in opposite directions. These observations are not consonant with the view that myocardial oxygen consumption is primarily dependent on end-diastolic fiber length.
Compensating Losses in Negative-index Metamaterials by Optical Parametric Amplification

Optical parametric amplification controlled by the auxiliary electromagnetic field enables transparency, amplification , and oscillation with no cavity in strongly absorbing negative-index metamaterials. The opposite directions of the wave vector and the Poynting vector in such materials result in extraordinary optical properties , including " backward " phase matching and the generation of entangled pairs of left-and right-handed counterpropagating photons. Metamaterials with a negative refractive index (NIMs), also referred to as left-handed metamateri-als (LHMs), exhibit highly unusual electromagnetic properties and promise a variety of novel applications , particularly for nonlinear optical phenomena. As shown recently, NIMs that include structural elements with nonsymmetric current-voltage characteristics can possess a nonlinear magnetic response at optical frequencies 1–3 and thus combine unprecedented linear and nonlinear electromagnetic properties. The opposite directions of the wave and Poyn-ting vectors inherent for NIMs lead to extraordinary properties for basic optical processes in such metamaterials. The possibility of exact phase matching for waves with counterpropagating energy flows has been shown in Ref. 4 for the case of second-harmonic generation (SHG), when the fundamental wave is in the negative-index frequency domain while the SH wave is in the positive-index domain (PID). As seen from our considerations, phase matching of forward and backward waves is inherent for the nonlinear optics of NIMs. Important advantages of the interaction schemes involving counterdirected Poynting vectors in the process of optical parametric amplification for conventional right-handed materials (RHMs), also referred to as positive-index materials (PIMs), were discussed in early papers. 5–7 However , in RHMs such schemes impose severe limitations on the frequencies of the coupled waves, because one of the waves must be in the far-infrared range in this case. Absorption is one of the largest problems that needs to be addressed to enable applications of NIMs. 8,9 A transfer of the near-field image into the SH frequency domain, where absorption is typically much less, was proposed in Refs. 10 and 11 as a means to overcome dissipative losses and thus enable the NIM-based superlens. This Letter proposes an alternative means for compensating losses, by producing entire transparency amplification, or even lasing without a cavity in NIMs, with the aid of only one control auxiliary electromagnetic field. The underlying physical mechanism is based on optical paramet-ric amplification (OPA), where a positive-index control field enables a loss-balancing OPA for a negative-index signal wave. We also predict the possibility of the generation of entangled pairs of …
Theta-modulated feedforward network generates rate and phase coded firing in the entorhino-hippocampal system

Principal cells of the hippocampus and of its only cortical input region, the entorhinal cortex exhibit place specific activity in the freely moving rat. While entorhinal cells have widely tuned place fields, hippocampal place fields are more localized and determine not only the rate but also the timing of place cell spikes. Several models have successfully attempted to explain this fine tuning making use of intrahippocampal attractor network dynamics provided by the recurrent collaterals of hippocampal area CA3. Recent experimental evidence shows that CA1 place cells preserve their tuning curves even in the absence of input from CA3. We propose a model in which entorhinal and hippocampal pyramidal cell populations are only connected via feedforward connections. Synaptic transmission in our system is gated by a class of interneurons inhibiting specifically the entorhino-hippocampal pathway. Theta rhythm modulates the activity of each component. Our results show that rhythmic shunting inhibition endows entorhinal cells with a novel type of temporal code conveyed by the phase jitter of individual spikes. This converts coarsely tuned place-specific activity in the entorhinal cortex to velocity-dependent postsynaptic excitation and, thus, provides hippocampal place cells with an input that has recently been proposed to account for their rate and phase coded firing. Hippocampal place fields are generated through this mechanism and also shown to be robust against variations in the level of tonic inhibition.
Vocational counseling for people with HIV: The client-focused considering work model

With increased efficacy of HIV antiviral medications and subsequent improvement in health status, many people with HIV face new decisions regarding work. The Client-Focused Model of Considering Work describes the interplay between four domains of influence (medical, financial/legal, psychosocial, and vocational). In each of these domains, persons with HIV can experience both pressures to make work related changes and barriers to making these changes. A nonlinear decision-making process is articulated in four phases. The authors discuss and contrast this model with other rehabilitation models, describe its implications for planning and delivery of rehabilitation services, and cite research results from a career counseling program based
A sequence-profile-based HMM for predicting and discriminating beta barrel membrane proteins

MOTIVATION Membrane proteins are an abundant and functionally relevant subset of proteins that putatively include from about 15 up to 30% of the proteome of organisms fully sequenced. These estimates are mainly computed on the basis of sequence comparison and membrane protein prediction. It is therefore urgent to develop methods capable of selecting membrane proteins especially in the case of outer membrane proteins, barely taken into consideration when proteome wide analysis is performed. This will also help protein annotation when no homologous sequence is found in the database. Outer membrane proteins solved so far at atomic resolution interact with the external membrane of bacteria with a characteristic beta barrel structure comprising different even numbers of beta strands (beta barrel membrane proteins). In this they differ from the membrane proteins of the cytoplasmic membrane endowed with alpha helix bundles (all alpha membrane proteins) and need specialised predictors. RESULTS We develop a HMM model, which can predict the topology of beta barrel membrane proteins using, as input, evolutionary information. The model is cyclic with 6 types of states: two for the beta strand transmembrane core, one for the beta strand cap on either side of the membrane, one for the inner loop, one for the outer loop and one for the globular domain state in the middle of each loop. The development of a specific input for HMM based on multiple sequence alignment is novel. The accuracy per residue of the model is 83% when a jack knife procedure is adopted. With a model optimisation method using a dynamic programming algorithm seven topological models out of the twelve proteins included in the testing set are also correctly predicted. When used as a discriminator, the model is rather selective. At a fixed probability value, it retains 84% of a non-redundant set comprising 145 sequences of well-annotated outer membrane proteins. Concomitantly, it correctly rejects 90% of a set of globular proteins including about 1200 chains with low sequence identity (<30%) and 90% of a set of all alpha membrane proteins, including 188 chains.
Biologically-Inspired Neural Network for Walking Stabilization of Humanoid Robots

In order to accomplish desired tasks, humanoid robots may have to deal with unpredicted disturbances, generated by objects, people and even ground imperfections. In some of these cases, foot placement is critical and cannot be changed. Furthermore, the robot has to conduct the actions planned meanwhile stabilizing its walking motion. Therefore, we propose a Biologically-inspired Neural Network (BiNN) to stabilize the walking motion of humanoid robots by ankle joint control, which minimally affects the current movements of the robot. In contrast to other neural networks, which only generate walking patterns, the BiNN is adaptive, as it compensates disturbances during the robot motion. Moreover, the BiNN has a low computational time and can be used as a module of other control methods. This approach was evaluated with Webots simulator, presenting improvements in the compensation of an external force in regard to its magnitude and duration.
Responding to the AIDS epidemic in Angola

Under the Expanded Programme 90% of all HIV positive people will have access to immediate treatment by 2020. Compared to the Accelerated Programme this will further reduce the prevalence among adults not on ART in 2020 from 0.84% to 0.14%, incidence from 0.11% p.a. to 0.02% p.a. , and AIDS deaths from 0.01% p.a. to elimination under the Expanded Programme. By 2020 the Accelerated Programme will have averted an additional 27 thousand new infections in adults, 6 thousand infections in new born children, saved an additional 4 thousand lives, and US$51M. If Angola is to reach the 2015 targets in the Presidents Acceleration Plan, several key areas must be addressed. Testing services will need to be expanded rapidly supported by a mass testing campaign, so as to diagnose people with HIV and enrol them in treatment and care. A regular and uninterrupted supply of drugs will have to be assured. The quantity and quality of existing health staff will need to be strengthened. Community health workers will need to be mobilized and trained to encourage people to be tested and accept treatment, to monitor progress and to support people on treatment; this in turn will help to reduce stigma and discrimination, loss to follow up of people diagnosed with HIV, and improve adherence for those on treatment. Effective monitoring and evaluation systems will have to be in place and data collection will have to be extended and improved to support the development of reliable estimates of the current and future state of the epidemic, the success of the programme, levels of viral load suppression for those on ART and the incidence of infection. If Angola succeeds in reaching the targets in the Presidents Acceleration Plan, this would provide the foundation for development and implementation of the Expanded Programme, ensuring that almost all HIV-positive people have access to ART. This will require an even greater initial commitment, political as well as financial, but should lead to the elimination of transmission and, eventually, the end of the pandemic.
Sense or sensibility? Social sharers’ evaluations of socio-affective vs. cognitive support in response to negative emotions

ABSTRACT When in emotional distress, people often turn to others for social support. A general distinction has been made between two types of support that are differentially effective: Whereas socio-affective support temporarily alleviates emotional distress, cognitive support may contribute to better long-term recovery. In the current studies, we examine what type of support individuals seek. We first confirmed in a pilot study that these two types of support can be reliably distinguished. Then, in Study 1, we experimentally tested participants’ support evaluations in response to different emotional situations using a vignette methodology. Findings showed that individuals perceived any type of reaction that included socio-affective support as preferable. The evaluation of cognitive support, however, was dependent on the specific emotion: Unlike worry and regret, anger and sadness were characterised by a strong dislike for purely cognitive support. Using different materials, Study 2 replicated these findings. Taken together, the findings suggest that individuals evaluate different types of support in a way that is unlikely to benefit emotional recovery in the long run.