Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and gene interactions

Abstract Alcohol use produces both desirable and undesirable effects, ranging from short-term euphoria and reduction in cardiovascular risk, to violence, accidents, dependence and liver disease. Outcomes are affected by the amount of alcohol used (which is itself affected by genetic variation) and also by the drinker's genes. Genetic effects have been most clearly demonstrated for alcohol dependence, and several of the genes for which variation leads to increased dependence risk have been identified. These include genes for enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism (alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase), and genes for receptors affected by alcohol (particularly γ-aminobutyric acid receptors). Many other gene/dependence associations have been reported but not fully substantiated. Genetic effects on phenotypes other than alcohol dependence are less well understood, and need to be clarified before a full picture of gene-alcohol interactions can be achieved.
One-sided Support Vector Regression for Multiclass Cost-sensitive Classification

We propose a novel approach that reduces cost-sensitive classification to one-sided regression. The approach stores the cost information in the regression labels and encodes the minimum-cost prediction with the onesided loss. The simple approach is accompanied by a solid theoretical guarantee of error transformation, and can be used to cast any one-sided regression method as a cost-sensitive classification algorithm. To validate the proposed reduction approach, we design a new cost-sensitive classification algorithm by coupling the approach with a variant of the support vector machine (SVM) for one-sided regression. The proposed algorithm can be viewed as a theoretically justified extension of the popular one-versus-all SVM. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is not only superior to traditional one-versus-all SVM for cost-sensitive classification, but also better than many existing SVM-based cost-sensitive classification algorithms.
Trait-agreeableness influences individual reactions to a physician’s affiliative behavior in a simulated bad news delivery

Abstract We tested whether the personality trait of agreeableness predicts different individual reactions to the level of nonverbal affiliativeness shown by a physician, in the context of a simulated bad news delivery. We predicted that individuals with high levels of agreeableness would react better to a physician adopting a highly affiliative communication style compared to individuals with low levels of agreeableness. We used an experimental design with analogue patients. Eighty participants (40 men/40 women) were randomly assigned to watch a video of a physician who communicated a bad diagnosis either in a highly affiliative or in a less affiliative way. Participants reported their reactions of anger and trust in the physician, and completed the agreeableness scale of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). In accordance with our predictions, the higher the agreeableness score of the participants, the less anger and the more trust they reported after viewing the high as compared to the low affiliative physician. These results suggest that people with high levels of agreeableness may be especially sensitive to highly affiliative physician nonverbal behavior when receiving bad news.
Management of Worksharing Systems

Worksharing occurs in serial manufacturing when machines are not uniquely assigned to workers. For example, two workers can operate three machines by alternating usage of the middle one. In some other worksharing systems operators move down the line carrying an item (or batch) with them, working on it at each machine until they are met by another worker who is coming back upstream. The work is then handed offeven if the operation is underway. "Bucket Brigade" and "TSS" are worksharing systems based on this idea.This paper examines worksharing in a variety of situations, including unequal work content across machines, uncertain processing times, unequal workers, handoffs with and without preemption, and a range of machine-to-worker ratios. Some systems restrict workers to "zones" of machines. Work zones must overlap if sharing is to occur. The appropriate size of the overlapis shown to depend on the circumstances. Inventory-based rules to control access to shared machines are demonstrated to increase productivity when processing times vary. Worker sequence is found to be quite important; Slowest-to-Fastest is recommended for some situations, but is shown to perform poorly in others. Finally, the issue of whether or not to allow preemption is shown to have a large impact on productivity if inventory is not allowed, and to strongly affect the choice of designs when inventory is allowed. With and without preemption, proper combinations of worker sequence, zone size, and production control rules are shown to nearly eliminate idle time.
Lack of Effect of the Salmonella Deubiquitinase SseL on the NF-κB Pathway

Intracellular replication of Salmonella enterica requires effector proteins translocated across the Salmonella-containing vacuolar membrane by Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2) encoded type III secretion system (T3SS). The SPI-2 T3SS effector SseL is a deubiquitinase that contributes to virulence in mice. Previous work has produced conflicting evidence as to the involvement of SseL in interference with the NF-κB pathway. To attempt to clarify these discrepancies, we compared mRNA levels in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with wild-type or sseL mutant strains using a genome-wide microarray. There was no detectable effect of loss of SseL on mRNA levels corresponding to any known NF-κB-regulated gene. In addition, there was no effect of SseL on (i) the activation or levels of both the canonical inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (IκBα and phospho-IκBα), and the non-canonical NF-κB precursor p100/p52, (ii) the translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor p65 to the nucleus of infected macrophages and (iii) pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of SseL did not affect NF-κB activation in reporter cell lines. These results fail to support a role for SseL in the down-regulation of the host immune response and in particular the NF-κB pathway.
Ensemble Approaches for Large-Scale Multi-Label Classification and Question Answering in Biomedicine

This paper documents the systems that we developed for our participation in the BioASQ 2014 large-scale bio-medical semantic indexing and question answering challenge. For the large-scale semantic indexing task, we employed a novel multi-label ensemble method consisting of support vector machines, labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation models and meta-models predicting the number of relevant labels. This method proved successful in our experiments as well as during the competition. For the question answering task we combined different techniques for scoring of candidate answers based on recent literature.
Cross-talk between thyroid hormone and specific retinoid X receptor subtypes in yeast selectively regulates cognate ligand actions.

Thyroid (T3) hormone beta1 (TR) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9c-RA) retinoid X receptors (RXR) can form heterodimer complexes that bind to hormone response elements (HREs) in target genes to either activate or repress transcription. However, the action of each cognate ligand and the accessory cellular factors that can differentially regulate the transcriptional responses of a heterodimer-DNA complex are not well understood. Studies in most mammalian cell lines have demonstrated that 9c-RA cannot bind or transactivate TR/RXR-T3 response element (TRE) complexes. In contrast, when identical heterodimer complexes were coexpressed in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with single copy typical TREs [i.e., DR+4 (direct repeat), F2 (everted repeat), or PAL (inverted repeat) DNA response elements] we observed that i) unliganded TRbeta1 homodimers had constitutive action on F2 and PAL but not DR4 TREs; ii) TRbeta1 homodimer responsivity to T3 ligand was relatively weak (less than twofold) and was only demonstrable on F2 but not PAL or DR4-TREs, whereas TRbeta1 heterodimers responded to T3 when RXRgamma but not RXR alpha was the heterodimeric partner; iii) RXR responsivity to 9c-RA (three- to sixfold) could be demonstrated only on palindromic TREs that could be enhanced by TRbeta1 on all TREs; iv) T3 + 9c-RA ligands increased (additively or synergistically) transactivation when RXRgamma but not alpha heterodimerized with TRbeta1 on both typical as well as atypical (DR1, DR3, DR5, and F2M) TREs. Substitutions for wild-type TRbeta1 of C-terminus mutants deficient in dimerization with RXRs abrogated the anticipated single and dual cognate ligand-induced effects on TRbeta1/RXRgamma transactivation of DR4 TREs, whereas mutants with preserved dimerization function but impaired T3 transactivation regions could maintain an enhanced 9c-RA response but were devoid of the anticipated T3 and dual (T3 + 9c-RA) cognate ligand-induced effects. Thus, the ligand-inducible response of TR and RXR homodimers expressed in yeast are relatively weak but can be further enhanced by TRbeta1 cross-talk with specific RXR subtypes in the presence of both cognate ligands.
Robust sampled-data H/sub /spl infin// control of linear singularly perturbed systems

State-feedback H/sub /spl infin// control problem for linear singularly perturbed systems with norm-bounded uncertainties is studied. The fast variables are sampled with fast rates, while for the slow variables both cases of slow and of fast sampling are considered. The recent "input delay" approach to sampled-data control is applied, where the closed-loop system is represented as a continuous one with time-varying input delay. Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for solution of H/sub /spl infin// control problem are derived via input-output approach to stability and L/sub 2/-gain analysis of time-delay systems. A numerical example illustrates the efficiency of the method.
Developmental and Target-Dependent Regulation of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Expression by Dopamine Neurons

Mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons have been suggested to use glutamate as a cotransmitter. Here, we suggest a mechanism for this form of cotransmission by showing that a subset of DA neurons both in vitro and in vivo expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2). Expression of VGluT2 decreases with age. Moreover, when DA neurons are grown in isolation using a microculture system, there is a marked upregulation of VGluT2 expression. We provide evidence that expression of this transporter is normally repressed through a contact-dependent interaction with GABA and other DA neurons, thus providing a partial explanation for the highly restricted expression of VGluT2 in DA neurons in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the neurotransmitter phenotype of DA neurons is both developmentally and dynamically regulated. These findings may have implications for a better understanding of the fast synaptic action of DA neurons as well as basal ganglia circuitry.
Montmorillonite Loaded Highly Swollen AAm/AMPS Hydrogels and Semi-IPNs with PEG as a Novel Composite Polymeric Sorbent for Water and Dye Sorption

In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) loaded acrylamide (AAm)/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) hydrogels and AAm/AMPS/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPNs) were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization. For synthesis, trimethylolpropane triacrylate as cross-linker has been used. For AAm/AMPS/MMT composite hydrogels and AAm/AMPS/PEG/MMT composite semi-IPNs, AAm/AMPS hydrogels and AAm/AMPS/PEG semi-IPNs were placed and waited in 1.0% of MMT-water suspension system for loading of MMT. Swelling experiments were performed in water at 25°C, gravimetrically. For sorption of safranin T into the hydrogel systems, it was studied by batch sorption technique at 25°C. Some sorption parameters were investigated.
[Principles of professional ethics].

Have you ever wondered why medical doctors, nurses, lawyers, and engineers are regarded professionals? Have you ever asked, what are the differences between professional disciplines and non-professional disciplines or between a professional person and an amateur? Many students assume that the difference is in the ease in getting a job or the salary received. Or that professionals are more important or better off. This is not true in all cases. The conditions that make the professionals different from the nonprofessionals are: 1) professional competency and due care, 2) professional ethics, 3) professional responsibility, 4) professional liability, and 5) professional organization.
Mapping the PPLive Network: Studying the Impacts of Media Streaming on P2P Overlays

 While several deployed p2p le sharing overlays have been characterized in the literature, this paper shows that some of their conclusions may be false for p2p applications that stream media instead. Speci cally, we undertake a crawler-based investigation of PPLive, the largest live multimedia streaming system in the world today. It is important to understand IPTV overlays like PPLive in order to enable the building of larger-scale media streaming overlays. Our task is challenging because PPLive is proprietary. PPLive has multiple channels, each channel with its own overlay, and a large fraction of these channels stream preset movie schedules. A human user may join any given channel, but the user's client machine could be used to relay feeds for other non-subscribed channels too. Popular PPLive channels contain several thousands of nodes. We crawl the real deployed PPLive network via both machines in a cluster at UIUC, and by using PlanetLab hosts. Our major ndings are: (1) Unlike p2p le sharing users, PPLive peers are impatient, (2) Channel Size variations are larger than in p2p le sharing networks, (3) Average degree of a peer in the overlay (i.e., its out-degree) is independent of channel size, (4) Smaller PPLive overlays are similar to random graphs in structure, (5) The availability correlation between PPLive peer pairs is bimodal, i.e., some pairs have highly correlated availability, while others have no correlation. We believe these results point us towards taking seriously the nature of applications while designing and optimizing p2p overlays.
BUPT at TREC 2009: Entity Track

This report introduces the work of BUPT (PRIS) in Entity Track in TREC2009. The task and data are both new this year. In our work, an improved two-stage retrieval model is proposed according to the task. The first stage is document retrieval, in order to get the similarity of the query and documents. The second stage is to find the relationship between documents and entities. We also focus on entity extraction in the second stage and the final ranking.
Rat medulla oblongata. IV. Topographical distribution of catecholaminergic neurons with quantitative three‐dimensional computer reconstruction

We examined serial 40 μm vibratome, immunoperoxidase‐stained sections of the medulla with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (CPNMT) antisera followed by Nissl staining to locate catecholaminergic neurons in cytoarchitectonic regions followed by a three‐dimensional (3D) computer reconstruction of these cell groups to determine their spatial organization. Overlay drawings of low and high power photomicrographs showing cell bodies and nuclear boundaries were entered into a digital computer storage system. Every section in the series was plotted to yield an accurate representation of regional densities of cells and location of nuclei, as revealed by two‐dimensional plots of individual sections as well as three‐dimensional plots of groups of sections. Data files were scanned in a number of ways to obtain total cell counts of TH‐, DBH‐, and PNMT‐immunoreactive cells within a designated area or cell counts of only one type of immunoreactive cell. This combination of data manipulation produced the following results: (1) A1 group is a homogeneous population of noradrenergic neurons at levels caudal to the obex, and at the obex it is mixed with adrenergic cells. The dimensions of the A1 cell group are 1.3 × 2.7 mm, extending from −2.5 to +0.2. Part of this cell group lies in the lateral reticular nucleus. (2) A2 group is not purely noradrenergic as previously suspected. It is a very mixed cell group containing mainly dopaminergic neurons in the area postrema (periventricular region) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, mainly noradrenergic neurons in the medial subnucleus of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS), mainly adrenergic neurons in the dorsal strip and dorsal subnucleus of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and a mixture of all three catecholaminergic neurons in the other subnuclei of the nTS. The dimensions of this group are 0.4 × 3 mm extending from −2.7 to +0.3. (3) C1 group is a homogeneous population of adrenaline cells extending from +1 to +2.5 with dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 mm and consisting of scattered neurons some of which occupy the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. (4) C2 group is a homogeneous population of adrenaline neurons extending from +1 to +3 with dimensions of 2.5 × 3 mm. Accurate visual imaging and quantitation of the spatial organization of medullary catecholaminergic neurons within the classical anatomical framework of cytoarchitecture provides an enhanced comprehension of the organization of this region of the central nervous system.
With a little help from my friends?: racial and gender differences in the role of social support in later-life depression medication adherence

ABSTRACT Background: Social support has been shown to be an important factor in improving depression symptom outcomes, yet less is known regarding its impact on antidepressant medication adherence. This study sought to evaluate the role of perceived social support on adherence to new antidepressant medication prescriptions in later-life depression. Methods: Data from two prospective observational studies of participants ≥60 years old, diagnosed with depression, and recently prescribed a new antidepressant (N = 452). Perceived social support was measured using a subscale of the Duke Social Support Index and medication adherence was assessed using a validated self-report measure. Results: At four-month follow up, 68% of patients reported that they were adherent to antidepressant medication. Examining the overall sample, logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant relationship between perceived social support and medication adherence. However, when stratifying the sample by social support, race, and gender, adherence significantly differed by race and gender in those with inadequate social support: Among those with low social support, African-American females were significantly less likely to adhere to depression treatment than white females (OR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.14–20.28, p = 0.032) and white males (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.03–11.92, p = 0.045). Conclusions: There is a significant difference in antidepressant medication adherence by race and gender in those with inadequate social support. Tailored treatment interventions for low social support should be sensitive to racial and gender differences.
Oral administration of lipopolysaccharides activates B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity and lamina propria of the gut and induces autoimmune symptoms in an autoantibody transgenic mouse

About a half of the antierythrocyte autoantibody transgenic (autoAb Tg) mice, in which almost all B cells are detected in the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches, but not in the peritoneal cavity, suffer from autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The occurrence of this disease is strongly linked to production of autoAb by activated peritoneal B-1 cells in the Tg mice. In this study, we have shown that oral administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activated B-1 cells in the lamina propria of the gut as well as the peritoneal cavity in the healthy Tg mice and induced the autoimmune symptoms in all the Tg mice. The activation of peritoneal and lamina propria B-1 cells by enteric LPS is found not only in the anti-RBC autoAb Tg mice and normal mice but also in the aly mice which congenitally lack lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. These results suggest that B-1 cells in the two locations may form a common pool independent of Peyer's patches and lymph nodes, and can be activated by enteric thymus-independent antigens or polyclonal activators such as LPS. The induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the Tg mice by enteric LPS through the activation of B-1 cells in the lamina propria of gut and in the peritoneal cavity suggests that B-1 cells and bacterial infection may play a pathogenic role in the onset of autoimmune diseases.
Mitigating the Impact of Hospital Restructuring on Nurses: The Responsibility of Emotionally Intelligent Leadership

BackgroundA decade of North American hospital restructuring in the 1990s resulted in the layoff of thousands of nurses, leading to documented negative consequences for both nurses and patients. Nurses who remained employed experienced significant negative physical and emotional health, decreased job satisfaction, and decreased opportunity to provide quality care. ObjectiveTo develop a theoretical model of the impact of hospital restructuring on nurses and determine the extent to which emotionally intelligent nursing leadership mitigated any of these impacts. MethodsThe sample was drawn from all registered nurses in acute care hospitals in Alberta, Canada, accessed through their professional licensing body (N = 6,526 nurses; 53% response rate). Thirteen leadership competencies (founded on emotional intelligence) were used to create 7 data sets reflecting different leadership styles: 4 resonant, 2 dissonant, and 1 mixed. The theoretical model was then estimated 7 times using structural equation modeling and the seven data sets. ResultsNurses working for resonant leaders reported significantly less emotional exhaustion and psychosomatic symptoms, better emotional health, greater workgroup collaboration and teamwork with physicians, more satisfaction with supervision and their jobs, and fewer unmet patient care needs than did nurses working for dissonant leaders. DiscussionResonant leadership styles mitigated the impact of hospital restructuring on nurses, while dissonant leadership intensified this impact. These findings have implications for future hospital restructuring, accountabilities of hospital leaders, the achievement of positive patient outcomes, the development of practice environments, the emotional health and well-being of nurses, and ultimately patient care outcomes.