Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Background 2 . 1 Adaptive Structuration Theory

Information technology (IT) is an important enabler of innovative learning scenarios. Today, numerous IT-enabled learning scenarios – often referred to as technology-mediated learning (TML) – such as massive open online courses, are applied worldwide across different cultures. However, little insights are available regarding the appropriation of TML and how culture influences the appropriation process. Based on adaptive structuration theory and espoused cultural values, we develop and evaluate a theoretical model capturing the cultural effects in the context of TML appropriation. By means of structural equation modeling and a partial least squares approach, we research the moderating role of espoused cultural values and its influence on TML appropriation. The results show that faithfulness, comfort with technology, and collaborative learning appropriation significantly affect learning success as appropriation outcome. Moreover, the results indicate that espoused cultural values influence the appropriation of TML. The present paper thus theoretically contributes to the scientific discussion concerning TML appropriation and the impact of culture on the deployment of IT while also making a practical contribution by deriving implications for TML application across different cultures.
Er: YAG Laser Assisted Bleaching Procedures Effect on Enamel Topography

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using Er: YAG laser during in-office tooth bleaching on enamel surface. Method: Thirty enamel discs specimens of human anterior teeth and divided into three groups, Group 1: (control) specimens received no bleaching treatment; Group 2: specimens received conventional in-office bleaching treatment using Opalescence Boost PF tooth whitening systems; Group 3: specimens received laser assisted bleaching procedure using low energy Er: YAG laser to assist tested bleaching gels. After bleaching, Specimens were stored for 15 days in artificial saliva. Digital microscope and images analysis used to evaluate surface roughness. Scanning electron micrographs were captured to evaluate enamel surface changes. Data were statistically analyzed using Aasistat 7.6 statistics software with Student t-test. Results Conventional in-office bleached enamel showed statistically significant higher enamel surface roughness than unbleached enamel surface with changes in enamel surface morphology were observed. While ER: YAG laser assisted bleached enamel, surfaces showed non-statistically significant higher enamel surface roughness than unbleached enamel surface with minor changes in enamel surface morphology were observed. Conclusions: Tested laser assisted bleaching procedures showed safely enamel surface treatment than conventional in-office bleaching procedures.
CellProfiler Analyst: interactive data exploration, analysis and classification of large biological image sets

Summary CellProfiler Analyst allows the exploration and visualization of image-based data, together with the classification of complex biological phenotypes, via an interactive user interface designed for biologists and data scientists. CellProfiler Analyst 2.0, completely rewritten in Python, builds on these features and adds enhanced supervised machine learning capabilities (in Classifier), as well as visualization tools to overview an experiment (Plate Viewer and Image Gallery). Availability CellProfiler Analyst 2.0 is free and open source, available at http://www.cellprofiler. org/releases and from GitHub (https://github.com/CellProfiler/CellProfiler-Analyst) under the BSD license. It is available as a packaged application for Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows and can be compiled for Linux. We implemented an automatic build process that supports nightly updates and regular release cycles for the software. Contact anne@broadinstitute.org Supplementary information Supplementary Text 1: Manual to CellProfiler Analyst; updated versions are available at CellProfiler.org/CPA Supplementary Data 1: Benchmarking performance of classifiers in CPA 2.0 versus CPA 1.0
Effect of cold indoor environment on physical performance of older women living in the community.

BACKGROUND the effects of cold on older persons' body and mind are not well documented, but with an increased number of older people with decreasing physical performance, these possible effects need to be understood. OBJECTIVE to investigate the effect of cold indoor environment on physical performance of older women. DESIGN cross-sectional experimental study with two test conditions. SETTING movement laboratory in a climate chamber. SUBJECTS eighty-eight community-dwelling, cognitively unimpaired older women (mean age 78 years). METHODS participants were exposed to moderately cold (15°C) and warm/normal (25°C) temperature in a climate chamber in random order with an interval of 1 week. The assessment protocol included leg extensor power (Nottingham Power Rig), sit-to-stand performance velocity (linear encoder), gait speed, walk-ratio (i.e. step length/cadence on an instrumented walk way), maximal quadriceps and hand grip strength. RESULTS physical performance was lower in 15°C room temperature compared with 25°C room temperature for leg extensor power (P < 0.0001), sit-to-stand performance velocity (P < 0.0001), gait speed (P < 0.0001), walk-ratio (P = 0.016) and maximal quadriceps strength (P = 0.015), but not for hand grip strength. CONCLUSION in healthy older women a moderately cold indoor environment decreased important physical performance measures necessary for independent living.
E-Government Maturity, Corruption, And Eco-Efficiency

There is growing interest in the role and contribution of e-government to the level of corruption and the eco-efficiency in terms of economic prosperity and environmental degradation of nation states. In this paper, we use publicly available archival data to explore the relationships among e-government maturity, corruption, and eco-efficiency (defined in terms of economic prosperity and environmental degradation). Results substantiate a significant relationship between e-government maturity and corruption, and e-government maturity and eco-efficiency through the mediating effects of corruption. The findings suggest that while e-government maturity did not contribute to eco-efficiency, its value could be realized indirectly via its impacts on corruption, which in turn influences eco-efficiency. Our findings contribute to the theoretical discourse on e-government impact by identifying the role of egovernment in a country and provide indications to practice on enhancing its eco-efficiency by managing the level of corruption.
WHAT USES ARE MATING TYPES? THE “DEVELOPMENTAL SWITCH” MODEL

Why mating types exist at all is subject to much debate. Among hypotheses, mating types evolved to control organelle transmission during sexual reproduction, or to prevent inbreeding or same‐clone mating. Here I review data from a diversity of taxa (including ciliates, algae, slime molds, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes) to show that the structure and function of mating types run counter the above hypotheses. I argue instead for a key role in triggering developmental switches. Genomes must fulfill a diversity of alternative programs along the sexual cycle. As a haploid gametophyte, an individual may grow vegetatively (through haploid mitoses), or initiate gametogenesis and mating. As a diploid sporophyte, similarly, it may grow vegetatively (through diploid mitoses) or initiate meiosis and sporulation. Only diploid sporophytes (and not haploid gametophytes) should switch on the meiotic program. Similarly, only haploid gametophytes (not sporophytes) should switch on gametogenesis and mating. And they should only do so when other gametophytes are ready to do the same in the neighborhood. As argued here, mating types have evolved primarily to switch on the right program at the right moment.
Stabilizing submanifolds with passive input-output relations

We study submanifold stabilization problems from an input-output perspective. For doing so, we consider feedback interconnections of relations of signals whose squared distance to a given submanifold has finite integral. In our framework, output feedback passivity of the feedforward relation and input strict passivity of the feedback relation with sufficiently large excess of passivity, both with respect to the integral squared distance of their signals to the submanifold under consideration, is sufficient for submanifold stabilization. We show that the distance of the signals in the feedback interconnection to the submanifold remains bounded for bounded exogenous inputs, thus extending the feedback theorem for passive systems to submanifold stabilization problems.
Three-Arm Noninferiority Trials with a Prespecified Margin for Inference of the Difference in the Proportions of Binary Endpoints

The design of a three-arm trial including the experimental treatment, an active reference treatment, and a placebo is recommended as a useful approach to the assessment of noninferiority of the experimental treatment. The inclusion of the placebo arm enables the assessment of assay sensitivity and internal validation, in addition to testing the noninferiority of the experimental treatment to the reference. Generally, the acceptable noninferiority margin Δ has been defined as the maximum clinically irrelevant difference between treatments in many two-arm noninferiority trials. However, many articles have considered a design in which the noninferiority margin Δ is relatively defined as a prespecified fraction f of the unknown effect size of the reference treatment. Therefore, these methods cannot be applied to cases where the margin is defined as a prespecified difference between treatments. In this article, we propose score-based statistical procedures for a three-arm noninferiority trial with a prespecified margin Δ for inference of the difference in the proportions of binary endpoints. In addition, we derive the approximate sample size and optimal allocation to minimize the total sample size and that of the placebo arm. A randomized controlled trial on major depressive disorder based on the difference in the proportions of remission is used to demonstrate our proposed method.
Role of Histidines Identified by Mutagenesis in the NADPH Oxidase-associated H+ Channel*

The efflux of protons through a H+ channel acts as the charge compensation pathway for the electrogenic generation of superoxide (O⨪2) by human neutrophil NADPH oxidase. It has previously been shown that the N-terminal 230 amino acids of the product of the X-linked chronic granulomatous gene gp91 phox contain all that is required for it to function as the arachidonate-activable, NADPH oxidase-associated H+ channel (Henderson, L. M., Thomas, S., Banting, G., and Chappell, J. B. (1997) Biochem. J. 325, 701–705). To identify functionally important amino acids, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were constructed that expressed point mutations in the N terminus of gp91 phox . No H+ flux was observed in CHO cell lines expressing the N-terminal gp91 phox mutants H111L, H115L, and H119L, or H115L, or H115K. Partial retention of H+ channel function was, however, observed in the H115D CHO cell line. The addition of arachidonic acid to R91E,R92E CHO cells elicited a full H+ channel response. The buffering capacity and response of 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein to H+ were the same in all cell lines. Therefore, it can be concluded that His-115 is important to the ability of gp91 phox to function as the NADPH oxidase-associated H+ channel and that the mechanism of H+ conduction involves protonation and deprotonation of an amino acid with an appropriate pKvalue.
Comparison of Contrast Effect on the Cochlear Perilymph after Intratympanic and Intravenous Gadolinium Injection

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 3D-FLAIR imaging 24 hours after intratympanic gadolinium injection (IT-method) or 4 hours after IV injection (IV-method) has been used to visualize the endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of perilymph enhancement with the 2 methods and the perilymph contrast-effect difference with the IV-method in both sides in patients with unilateral Ménière disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients with Ménière disease or sudden SNHL were included in this study. Thirty-nine patients who underwent the unilateral IT-method (Gd-DTPA was diluted 8-fold with saline) and 22 patients who underwent the IV-method (a double-dose of Gd-HP-DO3A; 0.4 mL/kg body weight [ie, 0.2 mmol/kg body weight]) at 3T were analyzed retrospectively. Regions of interest of the cochlear perilymph and the medulla oblongata were determined on each image, and the signal-intensity ratio between the 2 (CM ratio) was subsequently evaluated. The differences in the CM ratio between the 2 methods (Student t test) and the IV-method CM ratio between the affected and unaffected sides in patients with unilateral Ménière disease (paired t test) were evaluated. RESULTS: The IT-method CM ratio (2.98 ± 1.15, n = 39) was higher than the IV-method CM ratio (1.61 ± 0.60, n = 44; P < .001). In patients with unilateral Ménière disease who underwent the IV-method (n = 9), the CM ratio of the affected side (1.86 ± 0.74) was higher than that of the unaffected side (1.29 ± 0.31, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the IT-method provides higher perilymph enhancement than the IV-method. In the patients with unilateral Ménière disease who underwent the IV-method, the affected side had a higher contrast effect.
Experiments on two-dimensional vortex patterns

The evolution of a strongly magnetized electron system is identical to that of an ideal two-dimensional (2-D) fluid; an electron column is equivalent to a fluid vortex. We have studied the stability of 2-D vortex patterns with electron columns confined in a Malmberg–Penning trap. The following cases are presented: the stability of N vortices arranged in a ring; the stability of N vortices arranged in a ring with a central vortex; the stability of more complicated vortex patterns.
Selection of fire-created snags at two spatial scales by cavity-nesting birds

We examined the use of snag stands by seven species of cavity-nesting birds from 1994-1998. Selection of snags was studied in logged and unlogged burned forests at two spatial scales: microhabitat (local vegetation characteristics) and landscape (composition and patterning of surrounding vegetation types). We modeled nest occurrence at the landscape scale by using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. At both spatial scales, we observed a continuum in habitat use with the extremes represented by black-backed and Lewis’s woodpeckers. A range of habitat conditions characteristic of black-backed and Lewis’s woodpeckers would likely incorporate habitat features necessary for nest occurrence of other members in the cavity-nesting bird community.
Trichinellosis and poverty in a Romanian industrial area: an epidemiological study and brief review of literature.

OBJECTIVE Trichinellosis is a foodborne parasitic disease that is acquired by humans through ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked meat containing larvae of different Trichinella species. During a high endemic year, Hunedoara County, part of Transylvania region, was the second most affected Romanian county, with an incidence of 84.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The objective of this study was to bring new epidemiological and clinical data on human trichinellosis from an endemic former industrial area characterized by high rates of poverty and unemployment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data have been collected from the medical charts of 492 patients (mean age, 27.6 years) found to have trichinellosis and admitted between 1996 and 2005 in two infectious disease hospitals. A brief review of relevant epidemiological and epizoological information regarding the evolution of the infection in this region was also considered. RESULTS Women (55.1%, n = 271), townsfolk (77.0%, n = 379), and unemployed (40.1%, n = 126) were the most affected categories. The clinical symptoms included myalgia (64.6%, n = 118), edema (45.3%, n = 223), and headache (38.6%, n = 190). Eosinophilia ranged between 10% and 19.99% in 28.0% (n = 138) of the cases. For 47.8% (n = 235) of the patients, the hospitalization period ranged from 1 to 7 days. Thiabendazole was administered in 72.0% (n = 329) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS For a long period of time, trichinellosis represented a serious public health and ecological concern because of the favorable social, economic, cultural, and geographic conditions of this territory. Despite rich history, an overall decrease in the number of human trichinellosis cases over the 10-year study period was revealed and the decline might have been favored by the following positive aspects: improvement of sanitary conditions, implementation of a more reliable collaboration between veterinarians and pig breeders/consumers, education of the population, and a more careful supervision of the public health services.
Cancer Transmission From Organ Donors—Unavoidable But Low Risk

Background Donor origin cancer (DOC) in transplant recipients may be transmitted with the graft (donor-transmitted cancer [DTC]) or develop subsequently from the graft (donor-derived cancer [DDC]). Methods Recipients with DOC between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2010, were identified from the United Kingdom Transplant Registry and database search at transplantation centers. Results Of 30,765 transplants from 14,986 donors, 18 recipients developed DOC from 16 donors (0.06%): 3 were DDC (0.01%) and 15 were DTC (0.05%). Of the 15 DTCs, 6 were renal cell cancer; 5, lung cancer; 2, lymphoma; 1, neuroendocrine cancer; and 1, colon cancer. Recipients with DTC underwent explant/excision (11), chemotherapy (4), and radiotherapy (1). Of 15 recipients, 3 (20%) recipients with DTC died as a direct consequence of cancer. Early DTC (diagnosed ⩽6 weeks of transplantation) showed a better outcome (no DTC-related deaths in 11 cases) as opposed to late DTC (DTC-related deaths in 3 of 4 cases). Five-year survival was 83% for kidney recipients with DTC compared with 93% for recipients without DTC (P=0.077). None of the donors resulting in cancer transmission was known to have cancer at donation. Conclusions DTC is rare but frequently results in graft loss and death. The risk of cancer transmission cannot be eliminated because, in every case, the presence of cancer was not known at donation. This information will allow informed consent for prospective recipients. Explantation/excision is likely to benefit recipients with localized cancer, but in transplants other than kidney/pancreas, the benefits should be balanced against the risks of retransplantation.
MANKOP: A Knowledge Plane for wireless ad hoc networks

In mobile wireless ad hoc networks (MANETs), layering is frequently broken to cope with changes on the medium. Layering is also violated in order to implement autonomic behavior, which depends on correlating data from various layers to identify relevant events. This paper proposes a networking plane, called MANET knowledge plane (MANKOP), that stores information concerning all protocol layers. This plane improves network performance, as protocols may employ a broader range of inputs on their algorithms. Moreover, being an information repository, MANKOP eases the deployment of self-optimizing and self-configuring mechanisms. To showcase our solution, we use MANKOP to build transmission power control aware protocols, which increases the throughput of the network by up to 280%.
Clinical and Aetiological Spectrum of Hypokalemic Flaccid Paralysis in Western Odisha.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical profile of hypokalemic flaccid paralysis (HKFP) and to evaluate its causes. METHODS Fifty cases of hypokalemic flaccid paralysis (HKFP) admitted between November 2012 to October 2014 were taken up in the study. Serum potassium level < 3.5 mmol/ltr has been taken as hypokalemia. All cases were studied for spot and/or 24 hour urinary sodium / potassium, serum potassium / calcium / magnesium. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) were diagnosed if there was spot/24 hour urine potassium excretion < 20mmol/ltr in presence of hypokalemia and flaccid weakness without other causes. EMG and nerve conduction study were done to exclude polyneuropathy and myopathic cases. RESULTS Out of 50 cases of HKFP, male gender predominated (88%). Maximum number of cases (70%) occurred in 21 to 40 years of age. It occurred in all seasons but more in summer (58%). The precipitating factors were present in 76% of cases out of which high carbohydrate meal (28%), vomiting (16%), excessive sweating (8%), diarrhea (8%) and increased urination (12%) were present. Twenty percent of cases had recurrence (2 to 3 episodes most often) and 6% of cases had family history. Quadriparesis was seen in (54%), paraparesis (36%), hemiparesis (10%) and neck muscle weakness (32%). No case was present with respiratory paralysis or cranial nerve palsy. Twenty-one cases (42%) have very low potassium < 2.5 mmol/ltr, 11 cases (22%) with potassium level between 2.5 to 2.9 mmol/ltr and 18 cases (36%) with 3 to 3.5 mmol/ltr. There was no correlation between severity weakness and potassium level. Eleven cases (22%) had thyrotoxicosis and 3 cases (6%) were hypothyroid. Thirteen cases (26%) have excess urinary loss of potassium (≥20 mmol/ltr) of which 5 cases (10%) were distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), four cases (8%) were Gitelman's syndrome (GS) and in 4 cases exact cause could not be diagnosed. Non-renal / prior renal loss of potassium like diarrhea and excessive sweating was responsible in 8% cases each and vomiting in 10% of cases. One unique case of hypernatraemic hypokalemic paralysis (HHP) was found. Only 9 (18%) cases are hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP). CONCLUSIONS HKFP is a hetergenous group of disease of which a significant number of patients had thyroid disorders mostly in the form of thyrotoxicosis followed by renal tubular dysfunctions like dRTA and GS; non-renal and prior renal loss of potassium like diarrhea, excessive sweating and vomiting respectively. Early recognition and prompt management of these conditions will give gratifying result and prevent further attacks in some cases.
Performance of Painted Plywood and Cloth Nzi Traps Relative to Manitoba and Greenhead Traps for Tabanids and Stable Flies

Abstract Experiments were conducted to adapt the cloth Nzi trap to a format suitable for fixed applications in biting fly sampling or control. Catches of tabanids [Tabanus L. , Chrysops (Meigen), and Hybomitra Enderlein], and stable flies [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)] in painted plywood traps were compared with those in standard phthalogen blue cloth traps, and in similarly painted cloth traps. The Manitoba horse fly trap and the Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart “greenhead” box trap were used as additional standards during one tabanid season. Shiny features of traps reduced catches, e.g., paint on cloth instead of wood, or use of aluminum screening instead of netting. Nevertheless, appropriately painted plywood Nzi traps caught as many biting flies as did standard cloth Nzi traps, if paint finishes were matte, and with the use of phthalogen blue colorants. Nzi traps collected about the same tabanid fauna as the Manitoba and T. nigrovittatus traps, but with improved catches of Chrysops and Tabanus. Recommendations are provided on appropriate color matching, and selection of readily-available materials for trap construction.