Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocity and Dating

A robust finding in compliance-seeking message effects research is that providing an unsolicited favor to a target before making a direct request for compliance is more effective than a direct request alone. Explaining this effect, however, has proven a more elusive goal. Most existing studies either do not examine potential mediators of the favor-compliance relationship or restrict their focus to one or two potential mediators. In this study, the authors extend compliance research by testing five potential explanations for the favor-compliance relationship and examine the relationship in an untested context, a cross-sex date request. We also examine the impact of another important predictor of compliance, socioeconomic status (SES). Findings suggest that favor and SES interact to affect compliance with a date request and that the positive affective mechanisms of gratitude, liking, and physical attraction best explain these effects. Implications for understanding human reciprocal behavior and its explanatory mechanisms are discussed.
Temporal constraints on consonant clusters in child speech production

ABSTRACT The present investigation examines three hypotheses concerning the development of temporal coordination of consonant clusters in the speech of children at four age levels. Results of the investigation reveal that, within the context of the consonant clusters tested, five- and seven-year-olds can be roughly separated from older children and adults on the basis of absolute duration of consonants. The implication appears to be that the timing programme used by children to achieve cluster control is different from that of adults.
‘We must get together and really talk …’. Connection, engagement and safety sustain learning and teaching conversation communities

Over time, reflective conversations seem to have disappeared from everyday academic practice, yet such conversations have the potential to influence teachers’ sense of self as well as their teaching practice. To investigate the question – how can university teachers develop a community where conversations about learning and teaching continue to flourish? – this article analyses a case study of three groups of university teachers who took up the challenge to Talk About Teaching And Learning (TATAL). Each group employed social models of reflection to construct teaching philosophy statements and teaching portfolios through a process of writing stories as reflective inquiry. The investigation suggested three factors – connection, engagement and safety – facilitated these small groups of university teachers to build conversation communities. Further interrogation of these factors suggested a model to support the construction of ongoing teaching and learning conversations within and beyond higher education settings.
Distinct Cellular Localization of Membrane‐Bound and Soluble Forms of Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase in Brain

Abstract: The cellular localization of the two forms of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) was investigated by measuring their activities in rat striatum following unilateral stereotaxic injection of kainic acid, which causes degeneration of striatal neurons followed by proliferation of astroglial cells. Membrane‐bound COMT activity was decreased in the lesioned striatum, while soluble COMT activity was increased. There was a statistically significant correlation between the ratio of lesioned to control activity for membrane‐bound COMT and the neuronal marker enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. Similarly the increase in soluble COMT activity paralleled that of the astroglial marker enzyme, glutamine synthetase. These results indicate that the Km membrane‐bound catechol‐O‐methyltransferase may be localized predominantly in neurons, whereas the high‐Km soluble enzyme is found in glial cells.
INDEX OF CEREBROSPINAL COMPENSATORY RESERVE IN HYDROCEPHALUS

OBJECTIVEAn index of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (RAP) has been introduced as a potential descriptor of neurological deterioration after head trauma. It is numerically computed as a linear correlation coefficient between the mean intracranial pressure and the pulse amplitude of the pressure waveform. We explore how RAP varies with different forms of physiological or nonphysiological intracranial volume loads in adult hydrocephalus, with and without a functioning cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt. METHODSA database of intracranial pressure recordings during CSF infusion studies and overnight monitoring in hydrocephalic patients was reviewed for clinical comparison of homogeneous subgroups of patients with hypothetical differences of pressure-volume compensatory reserve. The database includes 980 patients of mixed etiology: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), 47%; postsubarachnoid hemorrhage NPH, 12%; noncommunicating hydrocephalus, 22%; others, 19%. All CSF compensatory parameters were calculated by using intracranial pressure waveforms. RESULTSIn NPH, RAP correlated strongly with the resistance to CSF outflow (rs = 0.35; P = 0.045), but weakly correlated with ventriculomegaly (rs = 0.13; P = 0.41). In idiopathic nonshunted NPH patients, RAP did not correlate significantly with elasticity calculated from the CSF infusion test (rs = 0.11; P = 0.21). During infusion studies, RAP increased in comparison to values recorded at baseline (from a median of 0.45–0.86, P = 0.14 * 10−8), indicating a narrowing of the volume-pressure compensatory reserve. During B-waves associated with the REM (rapid eye movement) phase of sleep, RAP increased from a median of 0.53 to 0.89; P = 1.2 * 10−5. After shunting, RAP decreased (median before shunting, 0.59; median after shunting, 0.34; P = 0.0001). RAP also showed the ability to reflect the functional state of the shunt (patent shunt median, 0.36; blocked shunt median, 0.84; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONRAP appears to characterize pressure-volume compensatory reserve in patients with hydrocephalus.
Infants' On-line Segmentation of Dynamic Human Action

Previous research has clarified that infants from 10–11 months segment dynamic human action into units coinciding with actor's goals and intentions (Baldwin, Baird, Saylor, & Clark, 2001). In this study, we explored the scope and robustness of early action segmentation skills by exposing infants to a variety of relatively novel events in the absence of an extensive familiarization period. Infants from 9–11 months viewed two simultaneous displays of live action, each involving a single actor manipulating a different set of objects. While the actors were in continuous motion, tones were presented that corresponded with the completion points of one of the actor's intentions. Infants revealed segmentation skills by looking longer at the action sequence matching the tone presentation than at the other action sequence. Neither repeated presentation nor the salience of the matching actions accounted for the finding. The segmentation skills revealed in this study may lay the foundation for infants’ eventual ability to make sense of others’ actions and intentions.
Hypnotic Medications and Suicide: Risk, Mechanisms, Mitigation, and the FDA.

OBJECTIVE Insomnia is associated with increased risk for suicide. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has mandated that warnings regarding suicide be included in the prescribing information for hypnotic medications. The authors conducted a review of the evidence for and against the claim that hypnotics increase the risk of suicide. METHOD This review focused on modern, FDA-approved hypnotics, beginning with the introduction of benzodiazepines, limiting its findings to adults. PubMed and Web of Science were searched, crossing the terms "suicide" and "suicidal" with each of the modern FDA-approved hypnotics. The FDA web site was searched for postmarketing safety reviews, and the FDA was contacted with requests to provide detailed case reports for hypnotic-related suicide deaths reported through its Adverse Event Reporting System. RESULTS Epidemiological studies show that hypnotics are associated with an increased risk for suicide. However, none of these studies adequately controlled for depression or other psychiatric disorders that may be linked with insomnia. Suicide deaths have been reported from single-agent hypnotic overdoses. A separate concern is that benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics can cause parasomnias, which in rare cases may lead to suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior in persons who were not known to be suicidal. On the other hand, ongoing research is testing whether treatment of insomnia may reduce suicidality in adults with depression. CONCLUSIONS The review findings indicate that hypnotic medications are associated with suicidal ideation. Future studies should be designed to assess whether increases in suicidality result from CNS impairments from a given hypnotic medication or whether such medication decreases suicidality because of improvements in insomnia.
A Study of Substance Abuse, Traumata, and Social Support Systems Among Homeless Veterans

ABSTRACT This study of 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances is designed to examine predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. It appears to be the first study of gender differences in predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities that various social support systems mediate or moderate the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission. The findings show that social supports only partially mediate the relationships between traumata and readmission, and certain supports moderate some of these relationships, especially for women. The implications of these findings for understanding readmission of homeless substance abusers and for social services are discussed.
Economic Implications of Trade Liberalization Under the Doha Round

We explore the impact of multilateral liberalization, with emphasis on the EU and developing countries. We first develop a realistic "baseline" that takes into account events such as the entry of China into the WTO and the enlargement of the EU, allowing us to focus on those effects that are specifically attributable to further trade liberalization in the Doha Round. We then employ a global applied general equilibrium model, featuring capital accumulation and imperfect competition. Our Doha scenarios include agriculture, manufactures, and services liberalization, and trade facilitation. With agglomeration, OECD agricultural liberalization is not uniformly positive for LDCs.
Increasing NER Recall with Minimal Precision Loss

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is broadly used as a first step toward the interpretation of text documents. However, for many applications, such as forensic investigation, recall is currently inadequate, leading to loss of potentially important information. Entity class ambiguity cannot be resolved reliably due to the lack of context information or the exploitation thereof. Consequently, entity classification introduces too many errors, leading to severe omissions in answers to forensic queries. We propose a technique based on multiple candidate labels, effectively postponing decisions for entity classification to query time. Entity resolution exploits user feedback: a user is only asked for feedback on entities relevant to his/her query. Moreover, giving feedback can be stopped anytime when query results are considered good enough. We propose several interaction strategies that obtain increased recall with little loss in precision.
Successful Treatment of Rectovaginal Fistula Complicating Ulcerative Colitis With Infliximab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Rectovaginal fistula is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) regardless of surgical history of rectum. Various surgical treatment modalities for the closure of rectovaginal fistula have been developed, but a radically curative therapy remains to be developed. Recently, infliximab, the chimeric anti-human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibody, has been largely applied for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and a few reports have shown its partial effectiveness in the management of rectovaginal fistulas associated with UC. In the present report, we describe the successful management of a rectovaginal fistula, following the stapled ileo-anal canal anastomosis in a UC patient, by administration of infliximab. The patient was a 40-year-old female, initially diagnosed as UC (total colitis type) at the age of 15. She received a restorative proctocolectomy at the age of 22, and developed a rectovaginal fistula at the eighth postoperative day. The surgical treatment of the fistula was repeated four times during the 10-year period, but it recurred in intervals ranging between 2 months and 5 years after the operation. The last recurrence occurred at the age of 32, but the surgical repair was considered difficult and a conservative management was indicated. At the age of 40, infusions of infliximab were started. Four weeks after the first infusion, drainage from the fistula was evidently reduced, and 2 weeks later, the fistula was completely closed. Thereafter, no recurrence of the fistula is observed, as confirmed by the abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the barium-enema study. From the present case, we concluded that infliximab may be an effective strategy for the management of fistulas associated with UC.
Using Planning Graphs for Solving HTN Planning Problems

In this paper we present the GraphHTN algorithm, a hybrid planning algorithm that does Hierarchical. Task-Network (HTN) planning using a combination of HTN-style problem reduction and Graphplan-style planning-graph generation. We also present experimental results comparing GraphHTN with ordinary HTN decomposition (as implemented in the UMCP planner) and ordinary Graphplan search (as implemented in the IPP planner). Our experimental results show that (1) the performance of HTN planning can be improved significantly by using planning graphs, and (2) that planning with planning graphs can be sped up by exploiting HTN control knowledge.
Chinese Parenting Behaviors, Adolescent School Adjustment, and Problem Behavior

The present research examined the relationship between supportive and controlling dimensions of parenting behaviors and Chinese adolescent outcomes (school adjustment and problem behavior). Researchers collected self-report data from 589 adolescents in Hangzhou, China. Results showed the factor structure for the Parent Behavior Measure in the Chinese sample was different from the factor structure based on Western research. Specifically, paternal support did not emerge as a viable factor. Parental monitoring and involvement predicted positive adolescent outcomes, whereas punitiveness and permissiveness predicted negative outcomes. Surprisingly, maternal support predicted more adolescent problem behavior, especially for boys. Guilt induction, love withdrawal, and positive induction did not predict any significant adolescent outcomes when other parenting behaviors were controlled. School adjustment mediated and gender moderated the relationship between parenting and adolescent problem behavior. The importance of considering parenting behaviors, adolescent school adjustment, gender, and cultural norms when examining adolescent problem behavior was discussed.
Erasure, Exclusion by Inclusion, and the Absence of Intersectionality: Introducing Bisexuality in Education

Now that the Journal is entering its second decade of life, we propose that future contributors continue to address the issues we have struggled with throughout our careers, such as developing more effective educational strategies to reduce biphobia and dispel the negative stereotypes about people who resist easy classifications. (Eliason & Elia, 2011, p. 417) It was the above passage in the 10-Year Anniversary Issue of the Journal of Bisexuality (to which I was invited to contribute: Pallotta-Chiarolli, 2011) that inspired me to contact the editors, Regina Reinhardt and Jonathan Alexander, and propose a special issue on “Bisexuality in Education. ” After more than 2 years of calling for submissions and actively seeking them—a process that demonstrated the scarcity of educational research, policy development, pedagogical practices, and student welfare when addressing bisexuality in students, staff, and parents—we offer this pivotal collection of research, theory, and implementation strategies from scholars around the world. It has been an absolute pleasure and honor to work with them. In particular, Mickey Eliason and John P. Elia—and especially Elia’s 2010 article—highlighted the three major concerns with the place and space of bisexuality in education that have been ongoing disquiets in my own research and activism, and indeed in the work of the contributors to this special issue. Those three concerns are erasure, exclusion by inclusion, and the absence of intersectionality (Martin & Pallotta-Chiarolli, 2009; Pallotta-Chiarolli, 2005a, 2005b, 2006; Pallotta-Chiarolli & Martin, 2009). Thus, I was very humbled and honored when John agreed not only to be a discussant and peer reviewer for the articles, but also submitted a
THE CLOZE PROCEDURE AND PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The cloze test has received considerable attention in recent years from testers and teachers of English as a foreign language, and is becoming more widely used in language tests, both in the classroom and in standardized tests. However, most of the research has been carried out with native speakers of English and the results do not produce clear-cut evidence that the cloze test is a valid test of reading comprehension. The article reports on a series of experiments carried out on the cloze procedure where the variables of text difficulty, scoring procedure and deletion frequency were systematically varied and that variation examined for its effect on the relationship of the cloze test to measures of proficiency in English as a Foreign Language. Previous assumptions about what the cloze procedure tests are questioned and it is suggested that cloze tests are not suitable tests of higher-order language skills, but can provide a measure of lower-order core proficiency. Testers and teachers should not assume that the procedure will produce automatically valid tests of proficiency in English as a Foreign Language.
Biotransformation of Chlorzoxazone by Heptatic Microsomes from Humans and Ten Other Mammalian Species

The 6‐hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone (CLZ) is currently being used in both in vivo and in vitro studies to quantify cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in humans. Comparatively little is known with regard to the biotransformation of this drug in other species. The NADPH‐dependent biotransformation of CLZ was therefore studied using hepatic microsomes derived from humans and ten other mammalian species. In all species, 6‐hydroxychlorzoxazone (6OH‐CLZ) was the only metabolic product that could be identified by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Enzyme kinetic analysis was used to characterize this CLZ 6‐hydroxylase activity. Although the majority of kinetic data conformed to a single‐enzyme Michaelis–Menten model, a two‐enzyme (high and low affinity) model was required for four species (ferret, monkey, pig, and rat). Apparent Km values for the high‐affinity component ranged from 12 μM (pig) to 95 μM (rabbit). The rank order of Vmax/Km, an index of intrinsic clearance, was: mouse>horse>monkey>rabbit>cow>ferret>pig>human1>rat>human2>cat>dog. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a CYP2E1 inhibitor in humans, was a potent mechanism‐based inhibitor of 6OH‐CLZ formation in microsomes from all species examined. Preincubation of microsomes for 15 min in the presence of DDC and NADPH significantly enhanced the maximum degree of inhibition but had no effect on inhibitor potency. Inhibitor concentrations at 50% of maximum inhibition (IC50max) for DDC with preincubation ranged from 9 μM (human) to 45 μM (cow).
Improved nucleic acid descriptors for siRNA efficacy prediction

Although considerable progress has been made recently in understanding how gene silencing is mediated by the RNAi pathway, the rational design of effective sequences is still a challenging task. In this article, we demonstrate that including three-dimensional descriptors improved the discrimination between active and inactive small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in a statistical model. Five descriptor types were used: (i) nucleotide position along the siRNA sequence, (ii) nucleotide composition in terms of presence/absence of specific combinations of di- and trinucleotides, (iii) nucleotide interactions by means of a modified auto- and cross-covariance function, (iv) nucleotide thermodynamic stability derived by the nearest neighbor model representation and (v) nucleic acid structure flexibility. The duplex flexibility descriptors are derived from extended molecular dynamics simulations, which are able to describe the sequence-dependent elastic properties of RNA duplexes, even for non-standard oligonucleotides. The matrix of descriptors was analysed using three statistical packages in R (partial least squares, random forest, and support vector machine), and the most predictive model was implemented in a modeling tool we have made publicly available through SourceForge. Our implementation of new RNA descriptors coupled with appropriate statistical algorithms resulted in improved model performance for the selection of siRNA candidates when compared with publicly available siRNA prediction tools and previously published test sets. Additional validation studies based on in-house RNA interference projects confirmed the robustness of the scoring procedure in prospective studies.
Radical Protection by Differently Composed Creams in the UV/VIS and IR Spectral Ranges

Modern sunscreens are well suited to provide sufficient protection in the UV range because the filter substances absorb or scatter UV radiation. Although up to 50% of radicals are formed in the visible and infrared spectral range during solar radiation protection strategies are not provided in this range. Previous investigations of commercially available products have shown that in addition to physical filters, antioxidants (AO) are necessary to provide protective effects in the infrared range by neutralizing already formed radicals. In this study, the efficacy of filter substances and AO to reduce radical formation in both spectral ranges was investigated after UV/VIS or IR irradiation. Optical properties and radical protection were determined for the investigated creams. It was found that organic UV filters lower radical formation in the UV/VIS range to 35% compared to untreated skin, independent of the presence of AO. Further reduction to 14% was reached by addition of 2% physical filters, whereas physical filters alone were ineffective in the UV/VIS range due to the low concentration. In contrast, this filter type reduced radical formation in the IR range significantly to 65%; similar effects were aroused after application of AO. Sunscreens which contain organic UV filters, physical filters and AO ensure protection in the complete solar spectrum.