Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the maximum throughput of a single chain wireless multi-hop path

In this paper, the maximum achievable throughput of a single chain wireless multi-hop path is investigated analytically. First, we prove that in an error free radio environment, a wireless multi-hop path (the number of hops k ges 3), in which all nodes are optimally placed and all links have an identical normalized capacity of 1, has a maximum achievable throughput of 1/3. Moreover, we show that this maximum throughput can only be achieved when all links of the path are separated into three maximal independent sets and each set of links become active alternatively for the same amount of time. Second, we extend our analysis to an erroneous radio environment, and prove that the maximum throughput of the k-hop path is determined by its bottleneck consecutive three-hop segment. That is, the maximum throughput of the k-hop path is the minimum of the maximum throughputs of all its consecutive three-hop segments. The findings in this paper lay guidelines for designing optimum scheduling algorithms.
Mitochondrial gene diversity in the common vole Microtus arvalis shaped by historical divergence and local adaptations

The phylogeography of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) was examined by analysing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in 1044 base pairs (bp) of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene and in 322 bp of the control region (ctr) among 106 individuals from 58 locations. The geographical distribution of four previously recognized cytb evolutionary lineages in Europe was refined and a new lineage was found in southern Germany. All lineages were distributed allopatrically, except in one sample that was probably located in a contact zone. The occurrence of several lineages in the Alps is in keeping with their recent recolonization from distinct sources. The translation of 84 cytb DNA sequences produced 33 distinct proteins with relationships that differed from those of the DNA haplotypes, suggesting that the mtDNA lineages did not diverge in response to selection. In comparison with M. agrestis, a neutrality test detected no overall evidence for selection in the cytb gene, but a closer examination of a structural model showed that evolutionarily conserved and functionally important positions were often affected. A new phylogeographical test of random accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations generated significant results in three lineages. We therefore conclude that the molecular diversity of cytb in M. arvalis is overall the result of the demographic history of the populations, but that there have been several episodes of local adaptation to peculiar environments.
The effects of a novel botanical agent on lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone loss in rats.

BACKGROUND The development of host-modulatory agents with low risk of adverse effects has been needed to treat periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease. A botanical mixture of extracts from two natural substances, Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, was developed as a novel botanical agent synthesized with anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the botanical mixture on the release of inflammatory cytokines and its inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar bone loss (ABL) in a rat model. METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay using human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line and hGF cells were cultured to assay tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, respectively. Microcomputed tomography analysis and immunofluoresence analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the botanical mixture to inhibit the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissue in a rat model. RESULTS The botanical mixture is cytotoxic at concentrations exceeding 2.5 mg/mL (P <0.05). Based on the results from cytotoxicity assay, it can be determined that the pharmacologic ranges of the botanical mixture to be used in all subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments. The botanical mixture reduced the release of TNF-α and IL-6 from human monocytic cells and hGF cells in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05). The administration of the botanical mixture significantly reduced the alveolar bone loss in a rat model (P <0.05). In groups treated with the botanical mixture, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was detected along the alveolar bone crest (ABC), but not around the gingival connective tissue, while in the group with LPS-induced ABL, pronounced expression of MMP-9 around the ABC, periodontal ligament, and gingival connective tissue was found. CONCLUSIONS The botanical mixture showed a potential adjunctive effect in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the present findings are obtained in vitro and in a rat model, so further clinical study is needed for its clinical application.
Sensitivity of whole wood stable carbon and oxygen isotope values to milling procedures.

RATIONALE Milling of wood samples is a widely applied preparation method for pooling tree-rings from different trees or periods of several years for determination of δ(13)C and δ(18)O values. In this study, whole wood samples were milled using different procedures in order to evaluate potential effects of this preparation method on δ(13)C and δ(18)O values. METHODS Subsamples of a 5 cm(3) wood piece of a single tree-ring from a lowland white fir were used. The samples were milled with different setups: (i) two and three stainless-steel balls, (ii) 3, 5 and 8 min milling time, and (iii) discontinuous and continuous milling. The δ(13)C values were measured using an elemental analyser connected to an IsoPrime mass spectrometer and δ(18)O values using a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 mass spectrometer and a TC/EA connected by a ConFlo IV. RESULTS The results show that varying the milling procedure does not alter the δ(13)C and δ(18)O values in comparison to non-milled blank samples. For shorter milling times, an increased variance of δ(18)O values is recorded, probably caused by isotopic gradient between early- and latewood portions of the tree-ring and thereby biasing the insufficiently homogenised samples. No overheating effects on the δ(13)C and δ(18)O values were detected. CONCLUSIONS Milling of wood samples for carbon and oxygen isotope analyses is an appropriate preparation method.
Fire Detection in H.264 Compressed Video

In this paper, we propose a compressed domain fire detection algorithm using macroblock types and Markov Model in H.264 video. Compressed domain method does not require decoding to pixel domain, instead a syntax parser extracts syntax elements which are only available in compressed domain. Our method extracts only macroblock type and corresponding macroblock address information. Markov model with fire and non-fire models are evaluated using offline-trained data. Our experiments show that the algorithm is able to detect and identify fire event in compressed domain successfully, despite a small chunk of data is used in the process.
Life-course socioeconomic status and breast and cervical cancer screening: analysis of the WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)

Objectives Socioeconomic differences in screening have been well documented in upper-income countries; however, few studies have examined socioeconomic status (SES) over the life-course in relation to cancer screening in lower-income and middle-income countries. Here, we examine individual, parental and life-course SES differences in breast and cervical cancer screening among women in India, China, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Setting Data from the WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) 2007–2008 data were used for survey-weighted multivariable regression analysis. We examined the association between individual, parental and life-course SES in relation to breast and cervical cancer screening using education-based and employment-based measures of SES. Participants 22 283 women aged 18–65 years, recruited from China, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Results Having a college degree (OR 4.18; 95% CI 2.36 to 7.40) increased the odds of breast cancer screening compared with no formal education. Women with higher parental SES were almost 10 times more likely to receive breast cancer screening (OR 9.84; 95% CI 1.75 to 55.5) compared with women with low parental SES. Stable higher life-course (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.96 to 4.79) increased breast cancer screening by threefold and increased cervical cancer screening by more than fourfold (OR 4.35; 95% CI 2.94 to 6.45); however, declining life-course SES was associated with reduced breast cancer screening (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.79) compared to low life-course SES. Conclusions Higher individual, parental and life-course SES was positively associated with breast and cervical cancer screening, although education-based SES measures were stronger predictors of screening compared with employment-based measures. Improving knowledge of the benefits of cancer screening and integrating cancer screening into routine healthcare practice for low SES women are actionable strategies that may significantly improve screening rates in low-income and middle-income countries.
Possibilities for soilless cultivation in cut chrysanthemum: Effect of irrigation frequencies and spacing schedules

Three levels of irrigation frequencies, provided by root misting, combined with three plant densities and two spacing treatments were tested to evaluate the optimum conditions during the first crop stages of chrysanthemum in a soilless cultivation system (aeroponics) in an experiment conducted in autumn. The optimum misting frequency was 3? 2’ times ? min h-1. A higher frequency (12? 1’) had no additional effect, whereas the lowest frequency (1? 6’) had a negative effect on total shoot dry mass (TDMs). The highest plant densities (172 and 344 plants m-2) could be used until week 2 with hardly any negative effect on TDMs, and resulted in higher light interception and higher total shoot dry mass per m2. During the period between week 2 and 4 after planting, a higher density (172 compared to 86 plants m-2) had a strong negative impact on the TDMs, while a further increase to 344 plants m-2 had only a minor effect. When spacing (week 2) from 344 to 172 plants m-2, TDMs at week 4 was not negatively affected by the high starting density, though spacing from 172 to 86 plants m-2 resulted in a 13% reduced TDMs, as compared to plants grown at 86 plants m-2 continuously. It is concluded that the irrigation frequency until week 4 after planting under these light conditions, should be three times per hour. Furthermore, very high plant densities (e.g., 344 plants m-2) are feasible until week 2 with hardly any negative effects on plant growth, while spacing schemes give several possibilities for a smaller reduction of the TDMs, than that expected by the higher initial densities.
[Burnout syndrome in health workers and relationship with personal and environmental factors].

OBJECTIVES High rates of professional burnout syndrome have been found among health service professionals. Our objective was to study the prevalence of burnout syndrome in hospital health workers and to determine its relationship with personal and environmental factors. METHODS A total of 2290 health workers from five hospitals in the province of Girona (Spain) were invited to participate. Interviewees were given a specifically designed questionnaire, a questionnaire on organizational climate, and the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which includes three scales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. RESULTS Responses were received from 1095 health workers (a response rate of 47.8%). A high level of emotional exhaustion was found in 41.6% of staff members, especially among doctors and nurses; a high level of depersonalization was found in 23%, mainly among doctors, and reduced personal accomplishment was found in 27.9%, mainly among technicians and doctors. Multiple logistic regression revealed that a high level of emotional exhaustion was associated with frequent consumption of tranquilizers or antidepressants, whereas optimism and job satisfaction showed an inverse association. The variables that were inversely associated with a high level of depersonalization were the number of years in the profession, optimism, evaluation of work as being useful and the perception of being valued by others. Reduced personal accomplishment was also inversely associated with optimism, satisfaction with the usefulness of one's work, and satisfaction with teamwork. CONCLUSIONS In view of the results obtained, to reduce professional burnout in hospitals, optimism and a sense of self-worth among individuals should be encouraged and the organizational environment should be improved.
Preserved Function of Late-Outgrowth Endothelial Cells in Medically Treated Hypertensive Patients Under Well-Controlled Conditions

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in renal repair, but their number and function may be impaired by exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The number of circulating EPCs is decreased in essential and renovascular hypertensive patients, but the effects of hypertension on EPC function are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that EPC function was preserved under well-controlled conditions in treated hypertensive patients. Patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS; n=22) or essential hypertension (n=24) were studied during controlled sodium intake and antihypertensive regimen. Late-outgrowth EPCs were isolated from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and renal vein blood of ARAS and essential hypertension patients and a peripheral vein of matched normotensive controls (n=18). The angiogenic function of EPCs was assessed in vitro, and multidetector computed tomography was used to measure single-kidney hemodynamics and function in ARAS and essential hypertension patients. Inflammatory biomarkers and EPC homing signal levels and renal release were calculated. Inferior vena cava and renal vein–obtained EPC function were similar in ARAS and essential hypertension patients and comparable to that in normal controls (tube length, 171.86±16.846, 191.09±14.222, 174.925±19.774 &mgr;m, respectively). Function of renal vein–obtained EPCs directly correlated with stenotic kidney glomerular filtration rate, EPC homing factors, and anti-inflammatory mediator levels in ARAS patients. Therefore, EPC function was relatively preserved in ARAS patients, although it directly correlated with renal function. Adequate EPC function supports the feasibility of using autologous EPCs as a therapeutic option in essential and renovascular hypertensive patients. Homing signals and inflammatory mediators may potentially regulate EPC angiogenic function.
Large Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession in Large Angle Divergence Excess Exotropia

Purpose Classic teaching suggests that surgery for intermittent exotropia should be based on distance/near differences. True divergence excess exotropia should be treated with symmetric lateral rectus recession. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of large bilateral lateral rectus (LR) recession in large-angle intermittent exotropia. Methods Thirty-three consecutive patients with large-angle divergence excess exotropia ranging from 50 to 65 (mean 56.7 ± 6.3) prism diopters were treated with 8.0 to 9.5 mm (mean 8.8 ± 0.7 mm) recession of both LR muscles. Results Successful alignment was achieved in 25 cases (76%) while residual exotropia was seen in eight patients (24%) within the limit of 15 prism diopters. Mean follow-up time was 28.5 ± 8.4 (range 13 to 38) months. Abduction deficit due to this procedure was not seen in any case. Conclusions We conclude that large bilateral LR recession is an appropriate surgical method for large-angle divergence excess exotropia.
The effects of website design on purchase intention in online shopping: the mediating role of trust and the moderating role of culture

Lack of trust in online transactions has been cited as the main reason for the abhorrence of online shopping. We have tested the mediating role of trust in online transactions to provide empirical evidence that trust in the online store represents the generic mechanism through which the focal independent variables of website design are able to positively influence purchase intention and reduce the perceived risk. We have further demonstrated the moderating effect of the individual's culture in e-commerce and thereby offered insights into the relative importance of website design factors contributing to trust for customers of different cultural values.
Acclimation of photosynthesis to lightflecks in tomato leaves: interaction with progressive shading in a growing canopy.

Plants in natural environments are often exposed to fluctuations in light intensity, and leaf-level acclimation to light may be affected by those fluctuations. Concurrently, leaves acclimated to a given light climate can become progressively shaded as new leaves emerge and grow above them. Acclimation to shade alters characteristics such as photosynthetic capacity. To investigate the interaction of fluctuating light and progressive shading, we exposed three-week old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to either lightflecks or constant light intensities. Lightflecks of 20 s length and 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 peak intensity were applied every 5 min for 16 h per day, for 3 weeks. Lightfleck and constant light treatments received identical daily light sums (15.2 mol m-2 day-1 ). Photosynthesis was monitored in leaves 2 and 4 (counting from the bottom) during canopy development throughout the experiment. Several dynamic and steady-state characteristics of photosynthesis became enhanced by fluctuating light when leaves were partially shaded by the upper canopy, but much less so when they were fully exposed to lightflecks. This was the case for CO2 -saturated photosynthesis rates in leaves 2 and 4 growing under lightflecks 14 days into the treatment period. Also, leaf 2 of plants in the lightfleck treatment showed significantly faster rates of photosynthetic induction when exposed to a stepwise change in light intensity on day 15. As the plants grew larger and these leaves became increasingly shaded, acclimation of leaf-level photosynthesis to lightflecks disappeared. These results highlight continuous acclimation of leaf photosynthesis to changing light conditions inside developing canopies.
Utilization of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) Guidelines and Associated Factors among Nurse at Public Health Institutions in West Arsi Zone, South East Ethiopia

Background: World health organization (WHO) and United Nations for Children‘s fund (UNICEF) in the early 1990s developed Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), a strategy designed to reduce child mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This study is aimed at assessing factors associated with utilization of IMNCI protocol by nurses West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 185 nurses who were included from health facilities selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was coded, entered and cleaned using Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Multivariate analysis was also done to control for possible confounding variables. Results: Data were obtained from 185 nurses, of which 131 (70.8%) were males. More than half 103 (55.7%) of the respondents was aged between 25-29 years. The mean (± SD) age was 26.65 ± (1.7) with the range of 20-43 years and 107 (57.8%) were diploma nurses. The overall IMNCI protocol utilization was 58.7%. In multivariate analysis, the odd of IMNCI utilizations among nurses who had attended IMNCI training were 2.76 times higher compared to nurses who had not attended IMNCI training [AOR=2.76, 95% CI:1.388, 5.51]. Nurses who had practice of always referring chart booklet during every case management process were three times more likely to utilize IMNCI protocols [AOR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.89] compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: The proportion of IMNCI utilizations in the selected districts was low and less than the WHO recommendations. Training and frequent referring of chart booklet were found to significantly associate with the utilization of the IMNCI protocols. Therefore the emphasis should be given to the provision of IMNCI training to the nurse by the stakeholders and motivating the nurses to always refer chart booklet, in order to enhance proper utilization of the protocols.
Acute onset clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia: A case report

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic which is described to have higher efficacy among all available antipsychotic medications. Clozapine is reserved especially for resistant schizophrenia due to its side effects. Clozapine-induced metabolic syndrome and hyperglycaemia are common long-term side effects and are responsible for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. In this case, a patient with resistant schizophrenia was presented with acute-onset hyperglycaemia and delirium with the use of clozapine within a week. Withdrawal of clozapine in the patient led to the improvement in delirium and hyperglycaemia without the use of any hypoglycaemic agent. This case supports the notion that in certain cases clozapine can induce hyperglycemia through possible direct pathophysiological mechanisms within a shorter time frame.
Renal cell carcinoma of native and allograft kidneys in renal transplant recipients

Malignancies following transplantation are more aggressive and developed at a more advanced stage than those in patients without transplants, and represent a significant cause of patient death following kidney transplantation. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common urologic cancer in both native and transplanted kidneys among kidney recipients. RCC in the transplanted kidney can occur either as a de novo cancer or as a pre-existing occult cancer present in the donor kidney prior to transplantation. RCC of native kidneys and RCC of the kidney allograft can be distinguished, with more than 70% of the tumours occurring in the native kidneys. The risk of renal cell carcinoma development in renal transplant recipients is 15-100 times higher than in the general population. The most frequent subtype of RCC is renal clear cell carcinoma. The risk of developing RCC in native kidneys of renal transplant patients is increased in patients with acquired cystic kidney disease, in men, African-Americans, recipients aged at least 65 years, those with a longer pre-transplant dialysis interval, a donor aged at least 50 years, and microscopic haematuria. Risk factors of malignancy in renal transplant recipients directly associated with transplantation are immunosuppressant agents. The majority of RCC of native kidney in renal transplant recipients are asymptomatic and thus there is a possibility that the diagnosis may be delayed with poorer outcome. Surgery by partial nephrectomy, whenever feasible, or by radical nephrectomy is the standard of RCC care. Nephron-sparing surgery provides an optimal long-term oncologic efficacy in properly selected patients with localized renal cell carcinoma. Targeted therapy utilizing tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti-VEGF antibodies is widely used in firstand second-line treatments of advanced RCC. Several investigators have reported that patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic RCC may have disease responses after reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It has been established that RCC is susceptible to a GVT effect. 20 science MEDtube Science Mar, 2015; Vol.III (1)