Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PROCESS EVALUATION OF AN SEBD GROUP INTERVENTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

Social emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) is one category of special educational needs that can have potential negative effects on children and young people (CYP) (e.g. Rusch & Chadsey, 1998; Cooper, 1999; Hallahan & Kaufman, 2000; Jull, 2008). One intervention that can be used with CYP with SEBD that draws on cognitive behavioural and solution focused approaches is the WhyTry Program (Moore, 2001), US-based studies into which have yielded largely positive effects (Eggett, 2003; Bushnell & Card, 2003; Baker, 2008; Mazzotta-Perretti, 2009; Joye & Alvarez, 2010). To date, there has been no published research into the effectiveness of this intervention in a UK context. The present exploratory process evaluation study aimed to fill this gap in the literature as well as consider implementation issues in order to strengthen the local evidence base for the intervention as part of the wider Targeted Mental Health in Schools Project (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2008). Six male secondary age pupils formed the intervention group and three female staff co-delivered the intervention with the researcher. The intervention lasted for eleven weeks. The researcher took a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data in the form of school data and questionnaires administered to pupil participants were gathered pre- and post-intervention and at the follow-up stage. The questionnaires were the WhyTry Measure (WhyTry Organisation website), the Beck Disruptive Behaviour Inventory for Youth (Beck, Beck, Jolly & Steer, 2005) and the Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (Beck et al., 2005). Qualitative data in the form of partial transcriptions of a focus group with the pupil participants and a semi-structured interview with the adult participants were gathered. A research diary was kept throughout the intervention and formed part of the data set. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.This research yielded positive findings for the effectiveness of the WhyTry Program (Moore, 2001) with one group of pupils in a mainstream secondary school, as indicated by apparent improvements in pupil participants? SEBD. This study has also provided detailed information regarding the effective implementation of the intervention in the focus school, which led to the development of a context specific model of effective implementation.
Earlywood and Latewood Widths of Picea chihuahuana Show Contrasting Sensitivity to Seasonal Climate

The existence of endangered tree species in Mexico necessitates an understanding of their vulnerability to the predicted climate changes (warming and drying trends). In this study, the sensitivity to climate of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) widths of the threatened Picea chihuahuana was determined. The response of EW and LW to climate variables (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and a drought index) was analyzed by means of correlation analysis using dendrochronology over the period of 1950–2015. EW and LW production were enhanced by cool and wet conditions during winter prior to the start of growing season. During the growing season, EW and LW production increased in response to cool spring and summer conditions, respectively; temperatures and year-round evaporation, excluding summer and the previous drought in the period prior to the growing season. EW was sensitive to seasonal drought, which is a concern considering the predicted aridification trends for the study area. These results provide further knowledge on the dendroecological potential of Picea chihuahuana.
Using Extended Hierarchical Quorum Consensus to Control Replicated Data: From Traditional Voting to Logical Structures

We present a new replica control protocol that logically imposes a hierarchy onto the set of copies and introduces the blind-write as another operation (besides the traditional read and write) defined over the replicated data. With this third operation, and by deriving quorums from the hierarchy in a different way, the proposed protocol turns out to be a generalization of the traditional voting scheme and other existing replica control protocols based on symmetrical logical structures like grids or hierarchies. Compared to these protocols, the proposed protocol also improves the system response time by achieving better ratios between quorums size and the total number of copies, even under high availability requirements. >
Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method Tom Boellstorff, Bonnie Nardi, Celia Pearce, and T. L. Taylor. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. 264 pp.

Ethnography and Virtual Worlds is aimed at students, teachers, designers, and scholars interested in using ethnographic methods to study online virtual worlds, including both game and nongame environments. Written by leading ethnographers of virtual worlds, and focusing on the key method of participant observation, the book aims to provide invaluable advice to aid researchers through every stage of a project, from choosing an online fieldsite to writing and publishing the results. Reviewed by Yves Laberge.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Inhibition Promotes Neurological Recovery after Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) results in neural cell death and white matter injury in premature infants. No therapeutic strategy is currently available against this disorder. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling suppresses oligodendrocyte development through basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and promotes astrocytosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that IVH in premature newborns initiates degeneration and maturation arrest of oligodendrocyte lineage and that BMP inhibition alleviates hypomyelination, gliosis, and motor impairment in the survivors of IVH. To test the hypotheses, a rabbit model of IVH was used in which premature rabbit pups (E29) are treated with intraperitoneal glycerol at 2 h of age to induce IVH; and the pups with IVH exhibit hypomyelination and gliosis at 2 weeks of postnatal age. Maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage was evaluated by specific markers, and the expression of bHLH transcription factors was assessed. BMP levels were measured in both premature rabbit pups and autopsy materials from premature infants. Recombinant human noggin was used to suppress BMP action; and neurobehavioral performance, myelination and gliosis were assessed in noggin-treated pups compared with untreated controls. We found that IVH resulted in apoptosis and reduced proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors, as well as arrested maturation of preoligodendrocytes in rabbits. BMP4 levels were significantly elevated in both rabbit pups and human premature infants with IVH compared with controls. Importantly, BMP inhibition by recombinant human noggin restored the levels of phospho-Smad1/5/8, Olig2 transcription factor, oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, astrocyte morphology, and motor function in premature pups with IVH. Hence, BMP inhibition might enhance neurological recovery in premature infants with IVH.
iLab-20M: A Large-Scale Controlled Object Dataset to Investigate Deep Learning

Tolerance to image variations (e.g., translation, scale, pose, illumination, background) is an important desired property of any object recognition system, be it human or machine. Moving towards increasingly bigger datasets has been trending in computer vision especially with the emergence of highly popular deep learning models. While being very useful for learning invariance to object inter-and intra-class shape variability, these large-scale wild datasets are not very useful for learning invariance to other parameters urging researchers to resort to other tricks for training models. In this work, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset, which is freely and publicly available, and use it to answer several fundamental questions regarding selectivity and invariance properties of convolutional neural networks. Our dataset contains two parts: a) objects shot on a turntable: 15 categories, 8 rotation angles, 11 cameras on a semi-circular arch, 5 lighting conditions, 3 focus levels, variety of backgrounds (23.4 per instance) generating 1320 images per instance (about 22 million images in total), and b) scenes: in which a robotic arm takes pictures of objects on a 1:160 scale scene. We study: 1) invariance and selectivity of different CNN layers, 2) knowledge transfer from one object category to another, 3) systematic or random sampling of images to build a train set, 4) domain adaptation from synthetic to natural scenes, and 5) order of knowledge delivery to CNNs. We also discuss how our analyses can lead the field to develop more efficient deep learning methods.
A New Multi-Site Probe Array with Monolithically Integrated Parylene Flexible Cable for Neural Prostheses

This work presents a new multi-site probe array applied with parylene technology, used for neural prostheses to record high-level cognitive neural signals. Instead of inorganic materials (e.g. silicon dioxide, silicon nitride), the electrodes and conduction traces on probes are insulated by parylene, which is a polymer material with high electrical resistivity, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility and easy deposition process. As a result, the probes exhibit better electrical and mechanical properties. The all dry process is demonstrated to fabricate these probe arrays with monolithically integrated parylene flexible cables using double-side-polished (DSP) wafers. With the parylene flexible cables, the probes can be easily assembled to a high density 3-D array for chronic implantation
Downregulation of Sp 1 is involved in β-lapachone-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

β-lapachone (β-lap) is a naturally occurring quinone obtained from the bark of lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae) with anti-proliferative properties against various cancers. The present study investigated the cell proliferation and apoptosis effect of β-lap on two oral squamous cell carcinoma lines (OSCCs). We carried out a series of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, cell cycle analysis, and western blot analysis to characterize β-lap and its underlying signaling pathway. We demonstrated that β-lap-treated cells significantly reduced cell proliferation but increased DNA condensation and increased sub-G1 population in OSCCs. Particularly, β-lap suppresses activation of transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) followed by apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in OSCCs. Furthermore, β-lap modulated protein expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-related proteins that are known as Sp1 target genes, resulting in apoptosis. Our results collectively indicated that β-lap was able to modulate Sp1 transactivation and induce apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. Therefore, β-lap may be used in cancer prevention and therapies to improve clinical outcome as an anticancer drug candidate.
Implicit alternatives insufficient for children ’ s implicatures with some *

Human communication often expresses more than what is explicitly said. To convey and retrieve additional information beyond what is literally encoded, speakers and hearers exploit certain inferential principles, often called implicatures. This paper is concerned with one well-known such case of pragmatic inference, namely scalar implicatures (SIs) with the quantifier some. Take (1) as an illustration. Though the literal meaning of the sentence in (1a) is equivalent to (1b), (1a) communicates (1c):
TAM receptor knockout mice are susceptible to retinal autoimmune induction.

PURPOSE TAM receptors are expressed mainly by dendritic cells and macrophages in the immune system, and mice lacking TAM receptors develop systemic autoimmune diseases because of inefficient negative control of the cytokine signaling in those cells. This study aims to test the susceptibility of the TAM triple knockout (tko) mice to the retina-specific autoantigen to develop experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS TAM tko mice that were or were not immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) peptides were evaluated for retinal infiltration of the macrophages and CD3(+) T cells by immunohistochemistry, spontaneous activation of CD4(+) T cells, and memory T cells by flow cytometry and proliferation of IRBP-specific CD4(+) T cells by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assay. Ocular inflammation induced by IRBP peptide immunization and specific T cell transfer were observed clinically by funduscopy and confirmed by histology. RESULTS Tko mice were found to have less naive, but more activated, memory T cells, among which were exhibited high sensitivity to ocular IRBP autoantigens. Immunization with a low dose of IRBP and adoptive transfer of small numbers of IRBP-specific T cells from immunized tko mice caused the infiltration of lymphocytes, including CD3(+) T cells, into the tko retina. CONCLUSIONS Mice without TAM receptor spontaneously develop IRBP-specific CD4(+) T cells and are more susceptible to retinal autoantigen immunization. This TAM knockout mouse line provides an animal model with which to study the role of antigen-presenting cells in the development of T cell-mediated uveitis.
Effects of Axotomy on Distribution and Concentration of Elements in Rat Sciatic Nerve

Abstract: X‐ray microprobe analysis was used to determine the effects of axotomy on distribution and concentration (millimoles of element per kilogram dry weight) of Na, P, Cl, K, and Ca in frozen, unfixed sections of rat sciatic nerve. Elemental concentrations were measured in axoplasm, mitochondria, and myelin at 8, 16, and 48 h after transection in small‐, medium‐, and large‐diameter fibers. In addition, elemental composition was determined in extraaxonal space (EAS) and Schwann cell cytoplasm. During the initial 16 h following transection, axoplasm of small fibers exhibited a decrease in dry weight concentrations of K and Cl, whereas Na and P increased compared to control values. Similar changes were observed in mitochondria of small axons, except for an early, large increase in Ca content. In contrast, intraaxonal compartments of larger fibers showed increased dry weight levels of K and P, with no changes in Na or Ca concentrations. Both Schwann cell cytoplasm and EAS at 8 and 16 h after injury had significant increases in Na, K, and Cl dry weight concentrations, whereas no changes, other than an increase in Ca, were observed in myelin. Regardless of fiber size, 48 h after transection, axoplasm and mitochondria displayed marked increases in Na, Cl, and Ca concentrations associated with decreased K. Also at 48 h, both Schwann cell cytoplasm and EAS had increased dry weight concentrations of Na, Cl, and K. The results of this study indicate that, in response to nerve transection, elemental content and distribution are altered according to a specific temporal pattern. This sequence of change, which occurs first in small axons, precedes the onset of Wallerian degeneration in transected nerves.
TUM2-PK (pyruvate kinase type tumor M2), CA19-9 and CEA in patients with benign, malignant and metastasizing pancreatic lesions.

The diagnostic value of the tumor marker pyruvate kinase type tumor M2 was evaluated in patients with benign, malignant and metastasizing pancreatic lesions and compared to the reference markers CA19-9 and CEA. This prospective study comprised 166 individuals; 66 patients had various pancreatic pathologies (38 histologically proven pancreatic cancer, 28 benign pancreatic lesions such as pseudotumorous pancreatitis, pseudocysts or pancreatic (cyst)adenoma) and 100 healthy blood donors served as controls. With a cut-off value of 28 U/ml (corresponding to a specificity of 90%) the sensitivity of TUM2-PK for pancreatic cancer (as related to the control group) was 79% (CA19-9: 65%, CEA: 22%). There was a good correlation between the TUM2-PK levels and tumor metastasis (p < 0.001 for no versus distant metastasis, p = n.s. for CA19-9 and CEA). However, TUM2-PK was also elevated in 64.3% of the patients with benign pancreatic pathologies. In our study TUM2-PK had good diagnostic qualities for pancreatic cancer and also showed better correlation to metastasis than CA 19-9 and CEA.
Forming an early O-type star through gas accretion?

We present high angular resolution (~3 '' ) and sensitive 1.3 mm continuum, cyanogen (CN) and vinyl cyanide (C 2 H 3 CN) line observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) toward one of most highly obscured objects of the W51 IRS2 region, W51 North. We find that the CN line exhibits a pronounced inverse P-Cygni profile indicating that the molecular gas is falling into this object with a mass accretion rate between 4 and 7 $\times$ 10$^{-2}~M_\odot$ yr -1 . The C 2 H 3 CN traces an east-west rotating molecular envelope that surrounds either a single obscured (proto)star with a kinematic mass of 40 $M_{\odot}$ or a small central cluster of B-type stars and that is associated with a compact high velocity bipolar outflow traced by H 2 O masers and SiO molecular emission. We thus confirm that the W51 North region is part of the growing list of young massive star forming regions that have been associated with infalling motion and with high mass accretion rates (~10 -2 -10$^{-4}~M_\odot$ yr -1 ), strengthening the evidence that massive stars can form with very high accretion rates sufficient to quench the formation of a UCHII region.
Accumulator-based test generation for robust sequential fault testing in DSP cores in near-optimal time

The detection of robustly detectable sequential faults has been extensively studied. A number of researchers have provided theoretical as well as experimental results designating that the application of single input change (SIC) pairs of test patterns results in favorable results for sequential fault testing. In this paper, a novel algorithm for the generation of SIC pairs is presented, termed Accumulator-based test generation for Robust sequential fault testing in Near-optimal time (ARN). ARN is implemented in hardware utilizing an accumulator whose inputs are driven by a barrel shifter. Since such structures are commonly found in general-purpose or specialized microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSP), the presented architecture provides a practical solution for the built-in testing of such circuits.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae GNA1, an Essential Gene Encoding a Novel Acetyltransferase Involved in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine Synthesis*

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene,YFL017C, for a putative acetyltransferase was characterized. Disruption of YFL017C was lethal, leading to a morphology similar to those caused by the depletion ofAGM1 or UAP1, the genes encoding phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, respectively. This implies the involvement of YFL017C in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis. The recombinant protein for YFL017C displayed phosphoglucosamine acetyltransferase activities in vitro and utilized glucosamine 6-phosphate as the substrate. When incubated with Agm1p and Uap1p, the Yfl017c protein produced UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from glucosamine 6-phosphate. These results indicate that YFL017C specifies glucosamine-6-phosphate acetyltransferase; therefore, the gene was designated GNA1(glucosamine-6-phosphateacetyltransferase). In addition, whereas bacterial phosphoglucosamine acetyltransferase and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase activities are intrinsic in a single polypeptide, they are encoded by distinct essential genes in yeast. When the sequence of ScGna1p was compared with those of other acetyltransferases, Ile97, Glu98, Val102, Gly112, Leu115, Ile116, Phe142, Tyr143, and Gly147 were found to be highly conserved. When alanine was substituted for these amino acids, the enzyme activity for the substituted Phe142 or Tyr143 enzymes was severely diminished. Although the activity of Y143A was too low to perform kinetics, F142A displayed a significantly increased K m value for acetyl-CoA, suggesting that the Phe142 and Tyr143 residues are essential for the catalysis.
Aging: The Loss of Temporal Organization

Aging, I am sure, has concerned man since first he realized that it happens to him. Since then he has attempted to avoid it, reverse it, and, to some degree, understand it. None of these efforts has thus far met with much success. By and large, aging is thought of in terms of the psychological, economic, social, and medical problems which it generates; it is thought of as being what it seems to create—especially what it seems to create in man. In my view, however, aging is first a biological problem because it is first a biological phenomenon. Biological organisms suffer a gradual decline in functional potential with advancing age. This decline is essentially linear and is accompanied by an exponentially increasing probability of death [i]. These senescent changes are manifest so dramatically that even the untrained eye does not confuse a man of sixty with a man of twenty-five. Nevertheless, little progress has been made in uncovering the causes or cause for these changes which so distinctly mark senescence in the biome. The notion that common effects arise from common causes, although intuitively derived, is one of the central tenets in gerontology. Clearly, neither this notion nor its converse is necessarily true, especially when applied to complex systems such as biological organisms. Yet, in spite of its doubtful foundation in logic, this "truism" remains clearly implicit in much of the current thinking in gerontology and in the experimental work generated by this thinking. But, as various levels of biological organization have been probed for possible causes of senescence, it has become increasingly difficult to discriminate between young and old.
Values and Freedom: An inquiry into the rise and fall of billionaire wealth

This paper discusses the role of government policy on entrepreneurial value creation. The findings within complement the existing studies on economic freedom by exploring its effects on billionaire wealth creation. The empirical study finds positive relationships between economic freedom, selected subcomponents of economic freedom and market capitalization of listed companies on the one hand and billionaire wealth per capita in a country on the other. Conclusions highlight the value of further investigating further the effects of government policies promoting economic freedom on different stakeholder groups and individual value creation as a whole.
Unique features of Myf‐5 in turtles: nucleotide deletion, alternative splicing, and unusual expression pattern

SUMMARY Turtles characteristically possess a bony shell and show an extensive reduction of the trunk muscles. To gain insight into the evolution of this animal group, we focused on the underlying mechanism of the turtle‐specific developmental pattern associated with the somitic mesoderm, which differentiates into both skeleton and muscle. We isolated Myf‐5, a member of the myogenic‐transcription‐factor‐encoding gene family expressed in the myotome, from the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. We detected a deletion of 12 sequential nucleotides in P. sinensis Myf‐5 (PsMyf‐5), which appears to be shared by the turtle group. The expression pattern of PsMyf‐5 in P. sinensis embryos differed from those of its orthologs in other amniotes, especially in the hypaxial region of the flank. We also identified two isoforms of the PsMyf‐5 protein, a normal form similar to those of other vertebrates, and a short form produced by a translational frameshift. The short PsMyf‐5 showed weaker myogenic activity in cultured cells than that of the normal protein, although the tissue distribution of the two isoforms overlapped perfectly. We propose that the unusual features of PsMyf‐5 may be related to the unique developmental patterns of this animal group, and constitute one of the molecular bases for their evolutionary origin.