Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of Heart Failure in Breast Cancer Patients After Anthracycline and Trastuzumab Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Clinical trials demonstrated that women treated for breast cancer with anthracycline or trastuzumab are at increased risk for heart failure and/or cardiomyopathy (HF/CM), but the generalizability of these findings is unknown. We estimated real-world adjuvant anthracycline and trastuzumab use and their associations with incident HF/CM. Methods We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of 12 500 women diagnosed with incident, invasive breast cancer from January 1, 1999 through December 31, 2007, at eight integrated Cancer Research Network health systems. Using administrative procedure and pharmacy codes, we identified anthracycline, trastuzumab, and other chemotherapy use. We identified incident HF/CM following chemotherapy initiation and assessed risk of HF/CM with time-varying chemotherapy exposures vs no chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for age at diagnosis, stage, Cancer Research Network site, year of diagnosis, radiation therapy, and comorbidities. Results Among 12 500 women (mean age = 60 years, range = 22–99 years), 29.6% received anthracycline alone, 0.9% received trastuzumab alone, 3.5% received anthracycline plus trastuzumab, 19.5% received other chemotherapy, and 46.5% received no chemotherapy. Anthracycline and trastuzumab recipients were younger, with fewer comorbidities than recipients of other chemotherapy or none. Compared with no chemotherapy, the risk of HF/CM was higher in patients treated with anthracycline alone (adjusted HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.76), although the increased risk was similar to other chemotherapy (adjusted HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.77); the risk was highly increased in patients treated with trastuzumab alone (adjusted HR = 4.12, 95% CI = 2.30 to 7.42) or anthracycline plus trastuzumab (adjusted HR = 7.19, 95% CI = 5.00 to 10.35). Conclusions Anthracycline and trastuzumab were primarily used in younger, healthier women and associated with increased HF/CM risk compared with no chemotherapy. This population-based observational study complements findings from clinical trials on cancer treatment safety.
Study of apoptosis in oral pemphigus vulgaris using immunohistochemical marker Bax and TUNEL technique.

BACKGROUND Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune mucocutaneous disease presenting clinically with blisters or erosions of the skin and mucous membrane. The main histopathologic characteristic of this disease is suprabasal vesicles due to loss of cell-cell adhesion between keratinocytes named acantholysis. Studies have shown that apoptosis is increased in PV. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of apoptosis in blister formation in PV. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 25 specimens of oral PV. The presence of apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL technique in the normal perilesional region, vesicle area, and acantholytic cells. Also, the expression of Bax pro-apoptotic marker was assessed by the biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemical method. SPSS software was used for Wilcoxon test analysis. P values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS The percentage and intensity staining of TUNEL-positive cells were noteworthy. There were statistically significant differences between basal and parabasal (P = 0.05), tombstone with vesicle roof (P = 0.038) and basal with tombstone (P = 0.038). However, the expression and staining intensity of pro-apoptotic marker Bax were weak, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the various areas. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study suggest that the process of apoptosis occurs early in PV because it was observed in the perilesional normal appearing tissue. Also, the process of apoptosis may cause exacerbation or speeding of the bulla formation. In other words, inhibition of apoptosis in the patients could reduce the severity of the lesions.
Compressed online dictionary learning for fast resting-state fMRI decomposition

We present a method for fast resting-state fMRI spatial decompositions of very large datasets, based on the reduction of the temporal dimension before applying dictionary learning on concatenated individual records from groups of subjects. Introducing a measure of correspondence between spatial decompositions of rest fMRI, we demonstrates that time-reduced dictionary learning produces result as reliable as non-reduced decompositions. We also show that this reduction significantly improves computational scalability.
Myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG): past, present and beyond

The myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendroglial membranes of myelin sheaths where it functions in glia–axon interactions. It contains five immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domains and is in the sialic acid‐binding subgroup of the Ig superfamily. It appears to function both as a ligand for an axonal receptor that is needed for the maintenance of myelinated axons and as a receptor for an axonal signal that promotes the differentiation, maintenance and survival of oligodendrocytes. Its function in the maintenance of myelinated axons may be related to its role as one of the white matter inhibitors of neurite outgrowth acting through a receptor complex involving the Nogo receptor and/or gangliosides containing 2,3‐linked sialic acid. MAG is expressed as two developmentally regulated isoforms with different cytoplasmic domains that may activate different signal transduction pathways in myelin‐forming cells. MAG contains a carbohydrate epitope shared with other glycoconjugates that is a target antigen in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM gammopathy and has been implicated in a dying back oligodendrogliopathy in multiple sclerosis.
Downlink Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems Exploiting Virtual Channel Model Sparsity

In this paper, the problem of designing a forward link linear precoder for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in conjunction with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is addressed. A challenge in such system design is to consider finite alphabet inputs, especially with larger constellation sizes, such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M\geq 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. First, we employ a novel and efficient methodology that allows for an orthogonal, sparse representation of multiple users and groups in a fashion similar to joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM), thus offering an extension of JSDM to finite alphabet data symbols. We term the new approach JSDM for finite alphabets (JSDM-FA). JSDM-FA employs virtual channel model beams in order to explore the orthogonality between different groups. Then, we present a natural generalization of JSDM-FA to the frequency-selective case with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and also enhance OFDM with combined frequency and spatial division and multiplexing. This configuration offers high flexibility in Massive MIMO systems, as it is capable of offering separate decoding of each user data within a group or increase the spectral efficiency of spatially overlapping groups without sacrificing the overall cell spectral efficiency. The proposed methodology is next applied jointly with the complexity-reducing Per-Group Processing within groups technique, on a per user group basis, in conjunction with QAM modulation and in simulations, for constellation size up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M=64$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We show by numerical results that the precoders developed offer significantly better performance than the configuration with no precoder or the plain beamformer and with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M\geq 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Iodine-Supported Hip Implants: Short Term Clinical Results

We developed a new povidone iodine coating technology for titanium hip implants and performed a clinical trial to assess its usefulness in suppressing postoperative infection. Results indicate that iodine-supported titanium has favorable antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and no cytotoxicity. Thirty joints in 28 patients were treated using iodine-supported implants. Fourteen joints were revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) after periprosthetic infection, 13 were primary THA for immunosuppressive conditions or pyogenic arthritis, and 3 were conversions from hemiarthroplasty to THA for immunosuppressive conditions. Two examinations were conducted sequentially until final follow-up: white blood cell (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured pre- and postoperatively and thyroid hormone levels in the blood were examined. The mean follow-up period was 33 months (14–78). There were no signs of infection in any patient at the last follow-up. WBC and CRP levels returned to normal within several weeks. No abnormalities of thyroid gland function were detected. Loosening of the implants did not occur in any patient. Excellent bone ingrowth and ongrowth were found around prostheses. No cytotoxicity or adverse effects were detected. These results suggest that iodine-supported THA implants can be highly effective in preventing and treating postoperative infections.
Lexical composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)*

ABSTRACT For sixty-seven children with ASD (age 1;6 to 5;11), mean Total Vocabulary score on the Language Development Survey (LDS) was 65·3 words; twenty-two children had no reported words; and twenty-one children had 1–49 words. When matched for vocabulary size, children with ASD and children in the LDS normative sample did not differ in semantic category or word-class scores. Q correlations were large when percentage use scores for the ASD sample were compared with those for samples of typically developing children as well as children with vocabularies <50 words. The 57 words with the highest percentage use scores for the ASD children were primarily nouns, represented a variety of semantic categories, and overlapped substantially with the words having highest percentage use scores in samples of typically developing children as well as children with lexicons of <50 words. Results indicated that the children with ASD were acquiring essentially the same words as typically developing children, suggesting delayed but not deviant lexical composition.
Disturbed eating behavior in Iranian adolescent and young females with type-1 diabetes compared to non diabetic peers: A cross-sectional study

Background: An association of eating disorder with diabetes mellitus may lead to a serious lack of metabolic control, higher mortality and morbidity. There is no recent study conducted in the Iranian population about eating disorder and its variants. The aim of the present study is investigation of frequency of disturbed eating behaviors in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to non-diabetics. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, disturbed eating behavior were evaluated and compared in two groups of 12-22 year old adolescent and young females (126 with diabetes and 325 without diabetes). A self-report questionnaire including demographic data, Children′s Depression Inventory (CDI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was used for data gathering. Independent t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression [odds ratio (OR)] were used for data analyses in SPSS 15. Results: Findings revealed that higher percentage of diabetic girls are likely to have eating disturbances (67.9% vs. 53.8%, P = 0.01). Diabetic group obtained higher scores in both dieting (14.95 ± 6.28 vs. 11.79 ± 5.62, P < 0.001) and bulimia scales (4.9 ± 3.13 vs. 4.12 ± 2.89, P = 0.017), which supports a role for T1DM in inducing the symptoms. Diabetic girls were at more than double the risk of developing eating disturbance. Conclusions: The results indicate that a significantly higher percentage of diabetic girls are likely to have eating disturbances. Also, diabetic subjects had an increased probability of getting higher scores in all three EAT-26 subscales. Therefore, healthcare professionals, especially diabetic nurses, should be aware of the potential effects of the subclinical and clinical eating behaviors on adolescents with T1DM and evaluate them for these disturbances.
Thermoelastic stresses in initially stressed bodies

A general theory is presented for small thermoelastic deformations in a body which has already been subjected to an elastic deformation and which was initially aeolotropic. Two special cases are examined in detail. The first is concerned with small thermoelastic deformations in a body which is under initial stress, the state of initial stress not necessarily being obtained by elastic deformation from some other unstressed state. The propagation of plane waves under isothermal or isentropic conditions in such a body is considered when the initial stress is homogeneous. The second special case of the general theory arises when the initial deformation is small and is obtained elastically from an unstressed state of the body. This theory is used to study the torsion of an initially stretched rhombic crystal and wave propagation in homogeneously stressed bodies.
Risk factors for lower extremity injury: a review of the literature

Prospective studies on risk factors for lower extremity injury are reviewed. Many intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors have been implicated; however, there is little agreement with respect to the findings. Future prospective studies are needed using sufficient sample sizes of males and females, including collection of exposure data, and using established methods for identifying and classifying injury severity to conclusively determine addtional risk factors for lower extremity injury.
Self-Organization of Control Circuits for Invariant Fiber Projections

Assuming that patterns in memory are represented as two-dimensional arrays of local features, just as they are in primary visual cortices, pattern recognition can take the form of elastic graph matching (Lades et al., 1993). Neural implementation of this may be based on preorganized fiber projections that can be activated rapidly with the help of control units (Wolfrum, Wolff, Lücke, & von der Malsburg, 2008). Each control unit governs a set of projection fibers that form part of a coherent mapping. We describe a mathematical model for the ontogenesis of the underlying connectivity based on a principle of network self-organization as described by the Häussler system (Häussler & von der Malsburg, 1983), modified to be sensitive to pattern similarity and to support formation of multiple mappings, each under the command of a control unit. The process takes the form of a soft-winner-take-all, where units compete for the representation of maps. We show simulations for invariant point-to-point and feature-to-feature mappings.
The Effects of Intraoperative Adenosine Infusion on Acute Opioid Tolerance and Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia Induced by Remifentanil in Adult Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy

Background Adenosine has been shown to have a wide spectrum of unique pain-relieving effects in various clinical situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraoperative adenosine infusion on acute opioid tolerance and opioid induced hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Methods For this study, ninety patients were randomly allocated into groups that receive either adenosine (adenosine group) or saline (remifentnail group) intravenously under remifentanil based anesthesia and saline (sevoflurane group) under sevoflurane anesthesia. The patients in adenosine group received adenosine at dose of 80 µg/kg/min, and those in remifentnail group and sevoflurane group received an equal volume of saline 10 minutes after the induction of anesthesia until the end of surgery. Intraoperative evaluation included time weighted mean remifentanil dose, and postoperative evaluations included degree of pain severity at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours, time to first postoperative requirement, and analgesic dose required during 24 hours after operation. Results Time weighted mean remifentanil dose during intraoperative period in adenosine group was significantly lower than that of remifentnail group (P = 0.00). The first postoperative analgesic were required earlier in remifentanil group than sevoflurane group or adenosine group (P = 0.00). Pethidine requirement during 24 hours in sevoflurane group and adenosine group was significantly lower than that of remifentnail group (P = 0.00). The visual analog scale scores for pain in sevoflurane group and adenosine group were significantly lower than those of remifentnail group for 12 hours after operation (P = 0.00). Incidence of hypotension (P = 0.024) and number of ephedrine administered (P = 0.011) in adenosine group were significantly higher than those of sevoflurane group. Conclusions The above results suggest that intraoperative adenosine infusion prevent acute opioid tolerance and opioid induced hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil.
The Electrocardiogram in Population Studies: A Classification System

Information now available about the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease is seriously deficient because of the lack of standardized and objective methods of collection, tabulation, interpretation, and reporting of survey data. Chief reliance in the objective diagnosis of coronary heart disease rests on the electrocardiogram, a crucial tool in population studies. A classification system for the electrocardiogram in epidemiologic studies has been developed, tested, and herein presented. It is adapted to the usual clinical reading technics of the electrocardiographer. It embodies criteria widely employed and of diagnostic and prognostic import, but no stipulations about interpretation are made. The system permits more valid comparisons of data on heart disease between populations. It is susceptible to modern methods of data processing.
Improving clustering algorithms through constrained convex optimization

Inspired by the recent successes of boosting algorithms, a trend in unsupervised learning has begun to emphasize the need to explore the design of weighted clustering algorithms. We handle clustering as a constrained minimization of a Bregman divergence. Theoretical results show benefits resembling those of boosting algorithms, and bring new modified weighted versions of clustering algorithms such as k-means, expectation-maximization (EM) and k-harmonic means. Experiments display the quality of the results obtained, and corroborate the advantages that subtle data reweightings may indeed bring to clustering.
Theory and analysis of electrode size optimization for capacitive microfabricated ultrasonic transducers

Theoretical analysis and computer simulations of capacitive microfabricated ultrasonic transducers indicate that device performance can be optimized through judicious patterning of electrodes. The conceptual basis of the analysis is that electrostatic force should be applied only where it is most effective, such as at the center of a circular membrane. If breakdown mechanisms are ignored, an infinitesimally small electrode with an infinite bias voltage results in the optimal transducer. A more realistic design example compares the 3-dB bandwidths of a fully metalized transducer and a partially metalized transducer, each tuned with a lossless Butterworth network. It is found that the bandwidth of the optimally metalized device is twice that of the fully metalized device.
Convergence Study on the Symmetric Version of ADMM with Larger Step Sizes

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), also well known as a special split Bregman algorithm in imaging, is being popularly used in many areas including the image processing field. One useful modification is the symmetric version of the original ADMM, which updates the Lagrange multiplier twice at each iteration and thus the variables are treated in a symmetric manner. The symmetric version of ADMM, however, is not necessarily convergent. It was recently found that the convergence of symmetric ADMM can be sufficiently ensured if both the step sizes for updating the Lagrange multiplier are shrunk conservatively. Despite the theoretical significance in ensuring convergence, however, smaller step sizes should be strongly avoided in practice. On the contrary, we actually have the desire of seeking larger step sizes whenever possible in order to accelerate the numerical performance. Another technique leading to numerical acceleration of ADMM is enlarging its step size by a constant originally p.
A study of communication in the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit and its implications for automated briefing

We present a study of the information transferred among caregivers in the context of cardiac surgery and use the study to evaluate a system, MAGIC, that we are developing for automated generation of briefings. Our framework integrates cognitive and quantitative evaluation methods and features three standards that reflect current practice in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CTICU). Using experimental design to compare human-generated and machine-generated briefings, we show that MAGIC's current level of performance is useful. Moreover, MAGIC could help improve information flow in the CTICU by providing a consistent set of information earlier than in current practice. The separate standards are also consistent in suggesting specific modifications that may be necessary for iterative design and further system development.
Role of Two NtcA-Binding Sites in the Complex ntcA Gene Promoter of the Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120

ABSTRACT Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium that fixes N2 in specialized cells called heterocysts, which differentiate from vegetative cells in a process that requires the nitrogen control transcription factor NtcA. 2-Oxoglutarate-stimulated binding of purified NtcA to wild-type and modified versions of the ntcA gene promoter from Anabaena sp. was analyzed by mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays, and the role of NtcA-binding sites in the expression of the ntcA gene during heterocyst differentiation was studied in vivo by using an ntcA-gfp translational fusion and primer extension analysis. Mutation of neither of the two identified NtcA-binding sites eliminated localized expression of ntcA in proheterocysts, but mutation of both sites led to very low, nonlocalized expression.
Crimp in Alkali-Treated Jute - Effect of Treatment Time

Jute, when treated with a caustic soda solution of about 18% (w/w) concentration, is known to develop crimp [2, 4, 6]. Chakravarty [2] observed that at alkali concentrations of 18% and above, there was no difference in the amount of crimp developed at different temperatures. Crimp development in jute is of interest commercially. Macmillan et al. [4] reported that the majority of crimp development in jute was complete within a period of 5 to 10 minutes of