Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Sharing on Social Networking Websites: Antecedents and Consequences of Trust

Social networking websites (SNS) facilitate communication and information sharing between people. Media have reported significant concerns of SNS users regarding their privacy. SNS have tried to address these privacy concerns by introducing controlling features. This study investigates the issue of trust in SNS, its predictors, and its consequences. We suggest that three categories of factors should be considered for the study of social networking websites: (1) website characteristics, (2) environmental factors, and (3) personal factors. We find that trust in the website is a significant predictor of SNS information sharing. We also find that personal factors, such as privacy concerns and trust propensity and social presence, a website characteristic, are significant predictors of trust in SNS. The findings show similarities and differences between the context of e-commerce and SNS. We provide implications for research and practice as well as direction for future research.
mRNA maturation in giant viruses: variation on a theme

Giant viruses from the Mimiviridae family replicate entirely in their host cytoplasm where their genes are transcribed by a viral transcription apparatus. mRNA polyadenylation uniquely occurs at hairpin-forming palindromic sequences terminating viral transcripts. Here we show that a conserved gene cluster both encode the enzyme responsible for the hairpin cleavage and the viral polyA polymerases (vPAP). Unexpectedly, the vPAPs are homodimeric and uniquely self-processive. The vPAP backbone structures exhibit a symmetrical architecture with two subdomains sharing a nucleotidyltransferase topology, suggesting that vPAPs originate from an ancestral duplication. A Poxvirus processivity factor homologue encoded by Megavirus chilensis displays a conserved 5′-GpppA 2′O methyltransferase activity but is also able to internally methylate the mRNAs’ polyA tails. These findings elucidate how the arm wrestling between hosts and their viruses to access the translation machinery is taking place in Mimiviridae.
Metric characteristics of human limb bones in Asian and Japanese populations

Twelve metric variables of the humerus, radius, femur, and tibia were investigated in 11 male samples from northeastern and eastern Asian populations. Variations among regions and corre- lations between latitude and respective measurements and indices were calculated and a principal com- ponent analysis was conducted to elucidate human limb bone characteristics. Significant correlation and marginally significant correlation were found for the maximum subtrochanteric diameter (r = 0.662, P = 0.027) and the platymeric index (r =− 0.583, P = 0.060) with latitude, respectively, sug- gesting that the femur of northern Asians had a wide and flat subtrochanteric shape. The second prin- cipal component of the principal component analysis shows that the northeastern samples with com- paratively long shaft length and thin and flat shaft diameters were discriminated from the southern samples; the second principal component was significantly correlated with latitude (r =− 0.743, P = 0.009). The estimated Fst value of 0.432-0.336 shows that the variation in limb bone measure- ments across regions is rather large, at approximately two or three times the low levels of interregional variation (0.078-0.180) in analyses of cranial and dental data. Limb bone morphology has been re- peatedly proposed to be more strongly influenced by environmental and nutritional factors than cranial and dental traits, but this study is the first to confirm it on the basis of statistical analysis.
Relationships: importance for patients with cerebral tumours

Objective : To investigate the influence of relationships on psychosocial status in patients with Stage III and IV brain tumours. Patients and methods : Thirty-three outpatients at a university medical centre were referred to the study by their treating physician prior to the initiation of aggressive chemotherapy. All subjects underwent a comprehensive psychosocial assessment. Results : Depressive and anxious complaints were common, but not related to gender. Single/ divorced status suggested greater vulnerability to anxiety as 88% of singles and only 48% of patients with partners reported clinical levels of anxiety. Single patients' anxiety was related to inactivity (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and fears of financial difficulties (r = 0.72, p < 0.05). State and trait anxiety related differently to married patients' complaints. Married patients more frequently reported clinical levels of depressive symptoms (44% partnered vs 28% singles). Depression among married patients was predicted by problems with sex, finances, marital difficulties, and inactivity \[ R 2 = 0.803; F = 20.420, df(4,20), p < 0.0001)]. Problems with relationships were disassociated from problems with sex. Married patients' problematic relationships were predicted by overprotection, inactivity, concerns of bodily deterioration, depression, and anxiety [R 2 = 0.775, F = 13.060, df(5,19) < 0.0001]. Conclusions : Married neuro-oncology patients may experience depressive symptoms arising from the marriage, but appear to be buffered from anxiety when compared with single/divorced patients. The prevalence of anxiety among single patients suggests modifications of interventions by relationship status.
Evaluation of a Human BCG Challenge Model to Assess Antimycobacterial Immunity Induced by BCG and a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine, MVA85A, Alone and in Combination

Background. A new vaccine is urgently needed to combat tuberculosis. However, without a correlate of protection, selection of the vaccines to take forward into large-scale efficacy trials is difficult. Use of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a surrogate for human Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge is a novel model that could aid selection. Methods. Healthy adults were assigned to groups A and B (BCG-naive) or groups C and D (BCG-vaccinated). Groups B and D received candidate tuberculosis vaccine MVA85A. Participants were challenged with intradermal BCG 4 weeks after those who received MVA85A. Skin biopsies of the challenge site were taken 2 weeks post challenge and BCG load quantified by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results. Volunteers with a history of BCG showed some degree of protective immunity to challenge, having lower BCG loads compared with volunteers without prior BCG, regardless of MVA85A status. There was a significant inverse correlation between antimycobacterial immunity at peak response after MVA85A and BCG load detected by qPCR. Conclusion. Our results support previous findings that this BCG challenge model is able to detect differences in antimycobacterial immunity induced by vaccination and could aid in the selection of candidate tuberculosis vaccines for field efficacy testing. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01194180.
MODEL-INDEPENDENT X-RAY MASS DETERMINATIONS

A new method is introduced for making X-ray mass determinations of spherical clusters of galaxies. Treating the distribution of gravitating matter as piecewise constant and the cluster atmosphere as piecewise isothermal, X-ray spectra of a hydrostatic atmosphere are determined up to a single overall normalizing factor. In contrast to more conventional approaches, this method relies on the minimum of assumptions, apart from the conditions of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry. The method has been implemented as an xspec mixing model called clmass, which was used to determine masses for a sample of nine relaxed X-ray clusters. Compared to conventional mass determinations, clmass provides weak constraints on values of M500, reflecting the quality of current X-ray data for cluster regions beyond r500. At smaller radii, where there are high quality X-ray spectra inside and outside the radius of interest to constrain the mass, clmass gives confidence ranges for M2500 that are only moderately less restrictive than those from more familiar mass determination methods. The clmass model provides some advantages over other methods and should prove useful for mass determinations in regions where there are high quality X-ray data.
Fluoride Removal from Water By Calcium Materials: A State-Of-The-Art Review

The current manuscript reviews show about adequacy of various materials based on calcium for removal regarding fluoride through drinking water and industrial waste water. Fluoride is really a conscientious and non- biodegradable toxin in which aggregates inside the earth, plants, untamed lifestyle and inside people. Like this, understanding regarding it's evacuated, utilizing best strategy together with ideal efficiency is required. For that enlargement regarding attributes, upgrade within the sizes to modify the particular interest regarding reliance for calcium, the primary and fundamental technological improvement are already essential finished through the use of calcium base absorbent for different application inside remedy regarding waste water. On this content, the particular review associated with the latest progress on the modification of calcium based adsorbent to collect in order to enhance the solubility and application. It exhibits the basic factor, for example, type and concentration of initiator, temperature and time are responsible for affecting the calcium based absorbent. The calcium and its subsidiaries have bunches of abilities for the procedure of defloration, so it is likewise anticipated to great hotspot for tossing from water and waste water as too. A recovery strategy was proposed to reuse the adsorbent for better economy of the procedure. In the current review, the different characteristic of calcium based absorbent, for example, preparation, application, kinetic studies impacts have been advanced for further viewing.
Herpesvirus protein ICP27 switches PML isoform by altering mRNA splicing

Viruses use alternative splicing to produce a broad series of proteins from small genomes by utilizing the cellular splicing machinery. Since viruses use cellular RNA binding proteins for viral RNA processing, it is presumable that the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs is affected by viral infection. Here, we showed that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) modifies the expression of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) isoforms by altering pre-mRNA splicing. Using a newly developed virus-sensitive splicing reporter, we identified the viral protein ICP27 as an alternative splicing regulator of PML isoforms. ICP27 was found to bind preferentially to PML pre-mRNA and directly inhibit the removal of PML intron 7a in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrated that ICP27 functions as a splicing silencer at the 3′ splice site of the PML intron 7a. The switching of PML isoform from PML-II to PML-V as induced by ICP27 affected HSV-2 replication, suggesting that the viral protein modulates the splicing code of cellular pre-mRNA(s) governing virus propagation.
A Novel, Secreted Form of Human ADAM 12 (Meltrin α) Provokes Myogenesis in Vivo *

The ADAM (A DisintegrinAnd Metalloprotease) family of cell-surface proteins may have an important role in cellular interactions and in modulating cellular responses. In this report we describe a novel, secreted form of human ADAM 12 (meltrin α), designated ADAM 12-S (S for short), and a larger, membrane-bound form designated ADAM 12-L (L for long form). These two forms arise by alternative splicing of a single gene located on chromosome 10q26. Northern blotting demonstrated that mRNAs of both forms are abundant in human term placenta and are also present in some tumor cell lines. The ADAM 12-L transcript can also be detected in normal human adult skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Human A204 embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells that do not differentiate into muscle cells and do not express any form of ADAM 12 were stably transfected with an ADAM 12-S minigene encoding the disintegrin domain, the cysteine-rich domain, and the unique 34 amino acid carboxyl terminus. Nude mouse tumors derived from these transfected cells contained ectopic muscle cells of apparent mouse origin as shown by species-specific markers. These results may have potential applications in the development of muscle-directed gene and cell therapies.
Interference mitigation in femto-macro coexistence with two-way relay channel

Motivated by the femtocell networks where cross-tier interference management is crucial to achieve higher system throughput, we consider a basic interference model consisting of a MIMO two-way relay communication network in presence of a one-way point-to-point MIMO communication link. We propose an upper-bound on the maximum degrees of freedom of this channel. Precoders using signal-space alignment strategies at the transmitter and zero-forcing (ZF) receivers are shown to achieve the maximum degrees-of-freedom. The proposed solution is particularly interesting since it allows the macro transmitter to be oblivious to the interfering two-way link, which is an important feature for obtaining distributed solutions.
Enhanced functional synchronization of medial and lateral PFC underlies internally-guided action planning

Actions are often internally guided, reflecting our covert will and intentions. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, including the pre-Supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA), has been implicated in the internally generated aspects of action planning, such as choice and intention. Yet, the mechanism by which this area interacts with other cognitive brain regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a central node in decision-making, is still unclear. To shed light on this mechanism, brain activity was measured via fMRI and intracranial EEG in two studies during the performance of visually cued repeated finger tapping in which the choice of finger was guided by either a presented number (external) or self-choice (internal). A functional-MRI (fMRI) study in 15 healthy participants demonstrated that the pre-SMA, compared to the SMA proper, was more active and also more functionally correlated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during internally compared to externally guided action planning (p < 0.05, random effect). In a similar manner, an intracranial-EEG study in five epilepsy patients showed greater inter-regional gamma-related connectivity between electrodes situated in medial and lateral aspects of the prefrontal cortex for internally compared to externally guided actions. Although this finding was observed for groups of electrodes situated both in the pre-SMA and SMA-proper, increased intra-cluster gamma-related connectivity was only observed for the pre-SMA (sign-test, p < 0.0001). Overall our findings provide multi-scale indications for the involvement of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and especially the pre-SMA, in generating internally guided motor planning. Our intracranial-EEG results further point to enhanced functional connectivity between decision-making- and motor planning aspects of the PFC, as a possible neural mechanism for internally generated action planning.
Stability Analysis of 3D UAV Gimbal using Flexible Body

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application in visual object tracking requires a gimbal to stabilize the camera in following the object’s movement. External disturbance and gimbal stability are the issues in this application. This study aims to analyze disturbance effects and study the stress and modal analysis on UAV gimbal using flexible body concepts. The three-dimensional (3D) gimbal is modeled using the RecurDyn software consisting of 3 arms and a camera. Each of the arms is connected using a revolute joint and a rotational force to represent a motor. The considered disturbances are step, pulse, ramp, and sine wave input. The PID controller is used to stabilize the gimbal arm from the gravity of the camera and external disturbance. The result shows that the PID controller is robust to step, pulse, and ramp disturbance, but not to the sin wave disturbance. In addition, the second arm of the gimbal is the most stressed component and is prone to vibration.
Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Consistent Manifestation of Type IV Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome The Pathogenetic Role of the Abnormal Production of Type III Collagen

To evaluate whether abnormal production of type III collagen, the characteristic biochemical feature of patients with the type IV Ehiers-Danlos syndrome, consistently predisposes to mitral valve prolapse, we evaluated the family of a proband with classic type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Production of type III collagen was assessed with the use of cultured skin fibroblasts. Mitral valve prolapse was detected by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Biochemical abnormalities in the production of type III collagen and echocardiographic findings of mitral valve prolapse were completely concordant. All patients with abnormal production of type III collagen had mitral valve prolapse and all subjects with normal production of type III collagen had entirely normal echocardiograms. Six of the eight patients with abnormal production of type III collagen had subtle cutaneous abnormalities. The consistent association of abnormal production of type III collagen and mitral valve prolapse in this family suggests that this abnormality of collagen may give rise to mitral valve prolapse.
The Marine Viromes of Four Oceanic Regions

Viruses are the most common biological entities in the marine environment. There has not been a global survey of these viruses, and consequently, it is not known what types of viruses are in Earth's oceans or how they are distributed. Metagenomic analyses of 184 viral assemblages collected over a decade and representing 68 sites in four major oceanic regions showed that most of the viral sequences were not similar to those in the current databases. There was a distinct “marine-ness” quality to the viral assemblages. Global diversity was very high, presumably several hundred thousand of species, and regional richness varied on a North-South latitudinal gradient. The marine regions had different assemblages of viruses. Cyanophages and a newly discovered clade of single-stranded DNA phages dominated the Sargasso Sea sample, whereas prophage-like sequences were most common in the Arctic. However most viral species were found to be widespread. With a majority of shared species between oceanic regions, most of the differences between viral assemblages seemed to be explained by variation in the occurrence of the most common viral species and not by exclusion of different viral genomes. These results support the idea that viruses are widely dispersed and that local environmental conditions enrich for certain viral types through selective pressure.
Design and Development of One-Switch Video Games for Children with Severe Motor Disabilities

Video games are not just played for fun; they have become a handy instrument for the cognitive, emotional, and social development of children. However, several barriers prevent many children with disabilities from playing action-oriented video games, alone or with their peers. In particular, children with severe motor disabilities, who rely on one-switch interaction for accessing electronic devices, find fast-paced games that require rapid decision-making and timely responses, completely unplayable. This article contributes to lowering such barriers by presenting GNomon (Gaming NOMON), a software framework based on the NOMON mode of interaction that allows the creation of action-oriented single-switch video games. The article reports the results of two studies that evaluate the playability and rehabilitation suitability of GNomon-based video games. The playability of GNomon-based games is evaluated by assessing their learnability, effectiveness, errors, satisfaction, memorability, and enjoyability with a group of eight children with severe motor disabilities. The suitability for pediatric rehabilitation is determined by means of a focus group with a team of speech therapists, physiotherapists, and psychologists from a Local Health Agency in Turin, Italy. The results of the playability study are positive: All children had fun playing GNomon-based video games, and seven of eight were able to interact and play autonomously. The results of the rehabilitation-suitability study also entail that GNomon-based games can be exploited in training hand-eye coordination and maintenance of selective attention over time. The article finally offers critical hindsight and reflections and shows possible new future game concepts.
Physiological Imaging of the Lung Visualizing lung function with positron emission tomography

Harris RS, Schuster DP. Visualizing lung function with positron emission tomography. J Appl Physiol 102: 448–458, 2007. First published October 12, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00763. 2006. —Positron emission tomography (PET) provides three-dimensional images of the distributions of radionuclides that have been inhaled or injected into the lungs. By using radionuclides with short half-lives, the radiation exposure of the subject can be kept small. By following the evolution of the distributions of radionuclides in gases or compounds that participate in lung function, information about such diverse lung functions as regional ventilation, perfusion, shunt, gas fraction, capillary permeability, inflammation, and gene expression can be inferred. Thus PET has the potential to provide information about the links between cellular function and whole lung function in vivo. In this paper, recent advancements in PET methodology and techniques and information about lung function that have been obtained with these techniques are reviewed.
A Dynamical Perspective on Atmospheric Temperature Variability and Its Response to Climate Change

The atmospheric temperature distribution is typically described by its mean and variance, while higher-order moments, such as skewness, have received less attention. Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry between the positive and negative tails of the distribution, which has implications for extremes. It was recently shown that near-surface temperature in the Southern Hemisphere is positively skewed on the poleward side of the storm tracks and negatively skewed on the equatorward side. Here we take a dynamical approach to further study what controls the spatial structure of the near-surface temperature distribution in this region. We employ a tracking algorithm to study the formation, intensity, and movement of warm and cold temperature anomalies. We show that warm anomalies are generated on the equatorward side of the storm tracks and propagate poleward, while cold anomalies are generated on the poleward side and propagate equatorward. We further show that while the perturbation growth is mainly achieved through linear meridional advection, it is the nonlinear meridional advection that is responsible for the meridional movement of the temperature anomalies and therefore to the differential skewness. The projected poleward shift and increase of the temperature variance maximum in the Southern Hemisphere under global warming is shown to be composed of a poleward shift and increase in the maximum intensity of both warm and cold anomalies, and a decrease in their meridional displacements. An analytic expression is derived for the nonlinear meridional temperature tendency, which captures the spatial structure of the skewness and its projected changes.