Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Functional Diversity, Risk Taking and Incentives for Teams to Achieve Radical Innovations

In this study we analyse the effect of team diversity, encouragement to take risks and team incentives on the degree of radicalness of innovation. Empirical research has been conducted with a sample of 95 companies from four innovative industries according to their high number of patents. The results indicate that team diversity and the combined use of long- and short-term incentives are associated with incremental innovation, whereas the development of risk-taking attitudes within the team is associated with radical innovation.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto

Estudo descritivo para identificar nos registros de prontuarios de pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Adultos os diagnosticos de enfermagem e mapear os diagnosticos mais frequentes as Necessidades Humanas Basicas. Obteve-se uma amostra de 44 prontuarios. Identificaram-se 1.087 diagnosticos de enfermagem. Apos exclusao de repeticoes, encontraram-se 28 diferentes titulos de diagnosticos. Vinte e cinco diagnosticos estavam relacionados as necessidades psicobiologicas, e tres, as necessidades psicossociais. Sugere-se a realizacao de estudos que identifiquem, entre os diagnosticos de enfermagem formulados e as necessidades humanas afetadas, quais foram solucionados e para quais necessidades sao predominantemente elaborados os cuidados. Os resultados deste estudo sao importantes para a organizacao de conteudos de ensino para alunos e enfermeiros, preparando-os para que, ao prestar o cuidado, considerem o ser humano, tanto nos aspectos biologicos, como emocionais e espirituais.
An Empirical Analysis of Differences in GDP per Capita and the Role of Human Capital

Using a generalized production function approach and insights from empirical research on the determinants of growth, this paper assesses the relative importance of specific factors in explaining differences in the levels of per capita GDP. Emphasis is placed on education, physical capital accumulation, the share of the public sector in economic activity and the outward orientation of economies. Education, among other things, is connected with the ability of countries to take advantage of technology transfer channels. Panel data estimation techniques are used to obtain empirical results for the EU-15 countries, and economic policy recommendations are evaluated accordingly.
Concept formation as knowledge accumulation: A computational linguistics study

Language plays at least two roles in design. First, language serves as representations of ideas and concepts through linguistic behaviors that represent the structure of thought during the design process. Second, language also performs actions and creates states of affairs. Based on these two perspectives on language use in design, we apply the computational linguistics tools of latent semantic analysis and lexical chain analysis to characterize how design teams engage in concept formation as the accumulation of knowledge represented by lexicalized concepts. The accumulation is described in a data structure comprised by a set of links between elemental lexicalized concepts. The folding together of these two perspectives on language use in design with the information processing theories of the mind afforded by the computational linguistics tools applied creates a new means to evaluate concept formation in design teams. The method suggests that analysis at a linguistic level can characterize concept formation even where process-oriented critiques were limited in their ability to uncover a formal design method that could explain the phenomenon.
May spirituality lead to reduced ecological footprint? Conceptual framework and empirical analysis

Living a happy and satisfied life while staying within ecological limits of Earth is a challenge humanity must face during this century. As spirituality impacts our lives in both material and non-material ways, we may reasonably suppose that spiritual beliefs also have an impact on how one thinks about environmental degradation, how likely individuals will behave in a pro-environmental way and how it impacts one's ecological footprint. This article explores the links between a value-driven life and ecological impact, both theoretically and empirically. Our results suggest that traditional religious thinking, in-my-way spiritualism and green value-driven atheism are associated with an increased level of subjective wellbeing, while religious people also seem to be featured by a reduced level of ecological footprint. Materialism is supposed to be associated with a high level of ecological footprint and a low level of subjective wellbeing.
Increased nitric oxide—dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings of cirrhotic rats with ascites

To assess whether aortic vessels of rats with cirrhosis and ascites possess an enhanced vascular response to endothelium‐derived, nitric oxide—dependent vasodilators, we performed relaxation studies in isolated aortic rings of 21 control rats and 24 rats with carbon tetrachloride—induced cirrhosis and ascites. We carried out studies after contracting the vessels with norepinephrine. We measured endothelium‐dependent vasodilator response by administering increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (10−6 to 10−2 mol/L) and ADP (10−7 to 10−4 mol/L). We evaluated endothelium‐independent response by giving increased concentration of sodium nitrite (10−5 to 10−2 mol/L). The maximal absolute tension developed in response to norepinephrine was significantly decreased in cirrhotic rings (816 ± 72 mg, p < 0.025) compared with control (1,425 ± 75 mg) rings. Dose‐response curves for endothelium‐dependent vasodilators were shifted to the left in aortic rings of cirrhotic rats, and EC50 for acetylcholine and ADP were significantly decreased in cirrhotic (0.8 ± 0.15 mmol/L and 0.42 ± 0.16 μmol/L, p < 0.025 and p < 0.01, respectively) than in control rings (1.91 ± 0.33 mmol/L and 3.09 ± 0.82 μmol/L). In both acetylcholine‐ and ADP‐stimulated vessels, differences between cirrhotic and control rings disappeared after nitric oxide synthesis inhibition with Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine (10−4 mol/L). No difference in the relaxing effect of sodium nitrite was observed between cirrhotic and control rings. These results therefore demonstrate for the first time enhanced in vitro vascular responsiveness to nitric oxide—dependent vasodilators in rats with cirrhosis and ascites, giving further support to the concept that nitric oxide activity is increased in cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1994;20:1615‐1621).
Mapping producer services networks in mainland Chinese cities

We analyse the geographies of urban networks created by leading producer services (PS) firms in China. Because of the national regulation of the Chinese state-led economy and the location strategies of global advanced producer services (APS) firms, the geography of global APS in China as examined by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) cannot be studied as a subnetwork of GaWC’s global network, but needs an empirical study based on a wide range of leading PS in the Chinese market. We explore the spatial differentiation in the connectivity of Chinese cities based on the location strategies of 323 APS firms in 287 Chinese cities. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen emerge as the primary nodes. The spatial distribution of banking, securities, and insurance services networks appears to be more even than those of non-financial PS firms. Regional disparity exists in terms of polycentric urban development in coastal China, as well as in the centralisation model in central and western areas. We suggest that owing to the continued tight regulation of China’s state-led economy and the nature of the location strategies of ‘globalised’ PS firms, the urban networks created by Chinese PS firms are not only an extension of urban networks at a global scale but also an embodiment of economic activities at other scales.
Learning with computer games or teacher: How it influences the learning experience and outcomes at primary school

Under the new Curriculum for Excellence (CfE), teachers at schools across Scotland are encouraged to use constructivist learning approaches that promote challenge and enjoyment in learning. One of them is through the use of games-based learning (GBL) technologies in classroom education, where the students are not only expected to learn by playing computer games, but also creating computer games. Two teacher surveys were conducted across primary schools in two separate regions in the West of Scotland to identify how GBL is being implemented within primary schools. The results showed that the use of GBL, especially the game making approach, was very limited. Following the surveys, several school-based field works were conducted to identify and compare the learning experience and outcomes from the teachers' and students' perspectives when using GBL and non-GBL (the traditional) approaches. This paper summarizes the result of one case study conducted at one primary school in Scotland. The participants were the teacher and her students in Primary 4 level. They were exposed to learning times tables using two different approaches, one using computer games and the other one without the use of computer games. The findings have shown that the learning outcome is slightly better when using computer games. However, in terms of the learning experience, the teacher's pedagogical style has a great influence on the students' preferences and enjoyment in learning for both approaches. Overall, the findings have strengthened the fact that using computer games does not eliminate the role of the teacher. To maximize the potential of a GBL approach, more training and exposure to GBL are needed to help the teachers increase their understanding and capacity in using this approach. With proper support from the teacher, GBL can make learning more engaging, provide better learning outcomes and make the process of learning less tedious.
Reputational Implications for Partners After a Major Audit Failure: Evidence from China

We analyze whether audit partners suffered damage to their professional reputations with the demise of Zhongtianqin (ZTQ), formerly the largest audit firm in China, after an audit failure enabled a major client, Yinguangxia (YGX), to fraudulently exaggerate its earnings in a high-profile scandal resembling the Andersen–Enron events in the US. This involves evaluating whether the reputational damage sustained by partners implicated in the scandal spreads to other partners in the same audit firm. We isolate whether impaired reputation impedes partners who were not complicit in the ZTQ–YGX events from attracting new clients or keeping existing ones. Our evidence implies that the market shares of these partners fell after ZTQ’s collapse, supporting that guiltless partners’ reputations were tarnished. We also find that these partners are less likely to be employed by reputable audit firms. The clients of these partners tend to have lower earnings response coefficients, implying that investors downgrade the perceived quality of their audits. Moreover, compared to a matched sample, the former ZTQ partners tend to charge lower audit fees after the firm’s collapse. Finally, we exploit the unique structure of ZTQ to provide evidence consistent with the prediction that the former partners from the branch that handled the YGX audits experienced worse damage to their reputations. In a setting with minimal auditor discipline stemming from civil litigation, our results lend support to the intuition that partners’ reputation concerns motivate them to protect audit quality by closely monitoring other partners in the firm.
Complete heme proton hyperfine resonance assignments of the Glycera dibranchiata component IV metcyano monomer hemoglobin.

Monomer hemoglobin component IV is one of three major myoglobin-like proteins found in the erythrocytes of the marine annelid Glycera dibranchiata. Unlike myoglobin, all three of these monomer hemoglobin components lack the distal histidine, which is replaced by leucine. This substitution alters the protein's functional properties due to its proximity to the heme ligand binding site. As the initial step toward a full NMR characterization of this protein, a complete set of self-consistent proton NMR assignments for the heme and the proximal histidine of the paramagnetic, metcyano form of native component IV (metGMH4CN) is presented. These assignments relied upon a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including nonselective spin-lattice relaxation time measurements. The metcyano form has been chosen for several reasons: (1) The heme paramagnetism acts as an intrinsic shift reagent which aids in making individual resonance assignments for the heme and neighboring amino acids in the protein's ligand binding site. (2) Heme paramagnetism also enhances proton nuclear relaxation rates, thereby allowing two-dimensional NMR experiments to be carried out at very rapid repetition rates (i.e., 5 s-1). (3) The heme proton hyperfine resonance pattern for this paramagnetic form of wild-type monomer hemoglobin component IV provides an analytical reference for the integrity of the heme active site. This is anticipated to facilitate rapid analysis of subsequently produced recombinant derivatives of this protein. (4) The cyanide-ligated protein has a heme pocket structure similar to those of the O2- and CO-ligated forms of the physiologically important, reduced form of the protein, so that the heme and proximal histidine proton assignments will serve as a basis for further assignments within the heme binding site. Complete assignments, in combination with recombinant derivatives of this monomer hemoglobin, will give further insight into local interactions that influence ligand binding kinetics and heme orientational isomerism.
IL-1 Coordinates the Neutrophil Response to C. albicans in the Oral Mucosa

Mucosal infections with Candida albicans belong to the most frequent forms of fungal diseases. Host protection is conferred by cellular immunity; however, the induction of antifungal immunity is not well understood. Using a mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) we show that interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is critical for fungal control at the onset of infection through its impact on neutrophils at two levels. We demonstrate that both the recruitment of circulating neutrophils to the site of infection and the mobilization of newly generated neutrophils from the bone marrow depended on IL-1R. Consistently, IL-1R-deficient mice displayed impaired chemokine production at the site of infection and defective secretion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the circulation in response to C. albicans. Strikingly, endothelial cells were identified as the primary cellular source of G-CSF during OPC, which responded to IL-1α that was released from keratinocytes in the infected tissue. The IL-1-dependent crosstalk between two different cellular subsets of the nonhematopoietic compartment was confirmed in vitro using a novel murine tongue-derived keratinocyte cell line and an established endothelial cell line. These data establish a new link between IL-1 and granulopoiesis in the context of fungal infection. Together, we identified two complementary mechanisms coordinating the neutrophil response in the oral mucosa, which is critical for preventing fungal growth and dissemination, and thus protects the host from disease.
The President's Letter to Stockholders: A New Look

Clearly, an analyst cannot rely exclusively on the president's letter to forecast a company's stock price performance. However, automatic dismissal of the president's letter may result in the loss of important signals. Presidents of high-performing companies tend to expect gains, and their letters convey those expectations. Presidents of low performers tend to discuss neither gains nor losses. Furthermore, mention of imminent losses is associated with subsequent stock price declines, whereas expressions of confidence tend to be associated with subsequent increases in stock price.The results are encouraging, but further analysis is needed before generalizations may be made. The sample used in this analysis was intentionally composed of two extremely different groups. If differences had not been found in this sample, it is unlikely that they would be found anywhere. This study thus represents a preliminary analysis. Further analysis is required to determine whether the variables that differentiate groups can be used generally to predict individual company stock performance.Two other limitations to the present study should also be noted. First, the firms examined were drawn from a cross-section of industries. Confounding variables might be controlled by performing a similar analysis within a single industry or examining individual firms over several consecutive years. Second, firms were selected without regard to past performance. The form and content of the president's letter may be conditioned by operating results in previous years.
Partisanship, Ideology, and Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees

It is by now well known that ideological concerns have a major influence on senator's votes over Supreme Court nominees. Much less is understood, however, about the effects of partisanship. This study investigates two aspects of partisanship - first, whether confirmation voting has become more partisan over time, even when controlling for other factors, such as ideology; and second, whether partisanship modifies the influence of ideology. The results demonstrate that partisanship has played an increasing role over time and that the effects of ideology are, to some extent, dependent on partisanship.
Challenge-response based secure test wrapper for testing cryptographic circuits

C ryptographic circuits need special test infrastructure due to the concern of security involved. Normal design for testability methods, such as scan chains, as applied to most ASICs cannot be applied directly to Cryptographic chips. These methods, though providing the highest testability, open backdoors or side-channels for attackers, to extract secret keys or Intellectual Property information from the core. Built-in Self-Test is normally applied for such secure chips, but it suffers from aliasing, high area overhead, and inadequate fault coverage, requiring additional deterministic top-up test patterns. Existing secure testing methods only provide security through obscurity by randomizing the scan chain operation. The current work seeks to address this tradeoff between security, testability and test area overhead by presenting a challenge-response based Secure Test Wrapper structure, suitable for testing IP cores in a SoC environment. This scheme includes the KATAN lightweight block-cipher into IEEE 1500 Standard Test Wrapper and as such provides an extremely compact locking and unlocking mechanism for the standard scan chains. The overhead to include this secure locking/unlocking mechanism is limited to about 9% compared to a standard scan and test wrapper. The main contributions of the paper are full testability, very high security and scalability of the proposed design.
Evidence for state transition and altered serial codependence in US$ interest rates

This paper studies the codependence among, and drawdown and drawup properties of, US$ interest rates. The problem is attacked from the angle of regime switching. Different regimes are identified using the Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The statistical properties in each state are examined separately and reconciled to form a coherent picture. We found that high fractions of reversals exist in the normal state and that consecutive bursts exist in the excited state. In large drawdowns and drawups (draws), long draws tend to be ‘democratic’, short draws tend to be ‘oligarchic’ and medium-size draws stay in either ‘democratic’ or ‘oligarchic’ mode, while conditionally independent draws are rarely found. We also investigated the distributions of draws. We found that HMMs recover the draw properties well and that the overall distribution of draws is an informationally-rich indicator about the correlation regime(s) in the various Markov states.
Immunohistochemical characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite silica gel (NanoBone(r)) osteogenesis: a study on biopsies from human jaws.

OBJECTIVES Bone substitute biomaterials may be osteogenic, osteoconductive or osteoinductive. To test for these probable characteristics in a new nanoporous grafting material consisting of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite embedded in a porous silica gel matrix (NanoBone(s)), applied in humans, we studied biopsies from 12 patients before dental implantation following various orofacial augmentation techniques with healing times of between 3.5 and 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sections from decalcified specimens were investigated using histology, histochemistry [periodic acid Schiff, alcian blue staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)] and immunohistochemistry, with markers for osteogenesis, bone remodelling, resorption and vessel walls (alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein-2, collagen type I, ED1, osteocalcin, osteopontin, runx2 and Von-Willebrand factor). RESULTS Histologically, four specific stages of graft transformation into lamellar bone could be characterized. During early stages of healing, bone matrix proteins were absorbed by NanoBone(s) granules, forming a proteinaceous matrix, which was invaded by small vessels and cells. We assume that the deposition of these molecules promotes early osteogenesis in and around NanoBone(s) and supports the concomitant degradation probably by osteoclast-like cells. TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells were localized directly on the granular surfaces. Runx2-immunoreactive pre-osteoblasts, which are probably involved in direct osteogenesis forming woven bone that is later transformed into lamellar bone, were attracted. Graft resorption and bone apposition around the graft granules appear concomitantly. CONCLUSIONS We postulate that NanoBone(s) has osteoconductive and biomimetic properties and is integrated into the host's physiological bone turnover at a very early stage.
Ethical branding and corporate reputation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of ethical branding and its link to corporate reputation. Brands have traditionally been studied only as an economic construct. Brands, as a social construct, have not yet been fully understood due to the lack of research.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses major issues with references to existing literature and practical examples.Findings – In the conventional brand models the value of brand equity is defined and measured by its economic performance in financial terms. This model has a number of deficiencies. First, two basic elements are missing: legality and ethics, which form the foundation of brand equity. A good brand must be a legal as well as ethical one. Thus brand value needs to be assessed by both financial and ethical measures. Second, conventional brand models focus largely on product brands rather than corporate brands. Brands and branding have such a profound impact on the society as whole and not just on these peop.