Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of glucose metabolism by p53: Emerging new roles for the tumor suppressor

p53 is well known as the “guardian of the genome” for differentiated and neoplastic cells. p53 induces cell-cycle arrest and cell death after DNA damage and thus contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability. In addition to this tumor suppressor function for pro-oncogenic cells, p53 also plays an important role as the central regulator of stress response by maintaining cellular homeostasis at the molecular and biochemical level. p53 regulates aerobic respiration at the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) steps via transcriptional regulation of its downstream genes TP53-induced glycolysis regulator (TIGAR) and synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase (SCO2). p53 negatively regulates glycolysis through activation of TIGAR (an inhibitor of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate). On the contrary p53 positively regulates OXPHOS through upregulation of SCO2, a member of the COX-2 assembly involved in the electron-transport chain. It is interesting to notice that p53 antagonistically regulates the inter-dependent glycolytic and OXPHOS cycles. It is important to understand whether the p53-mediated transcriptional regulation of TIGAR and SCO2 is temporally segregated in cancer cells and what is the relation between these paradoxical regulations of glycolytic pathway with the tumor suppressor activity of p53. In this review we will elucidate the importance of p53-mediated regulation of glycolysis and OXPHOS and its relation with the tumor suppressor function of p53. Further since cellular metabolism shares great relation with the process of aging we will also try and establish the role of p53 in regulation of aging via its transcriptional control of cellular metabolism.
The Association Between Insurance Status and Cervical Cancer Screening in Community Health Centers: Exploring the Potential of Electronic Health Records for Population-Level Surveillance, 2008–2010

Introduction Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States have decreased 67% over the past 3 decades, a reduction mainly attributed to widespread use of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test for cervical cancer screening. In the general population, receipt of cervical cancer screening is positively associated with having health insurance. Less is known about the role insurance plays among women seeking care in community health centers, where screening services are available regardless of insurance status. The objective of our study was to assess the association between cervical cancer screening and insurance status in Oregon and California community health centers by using data from electronic health records. Methods We used bilevel log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for receipt of a Pap test by insurance status, adjusted for patient-level demographic factors and a clinic-level random effect. Results Insurance status was a significant predictor of cervical cancer screening, but the effect varied by race/ethnicity and age. In our study uninsured non-Hispanic white women were less likely to receive a Pap test than were uninsured women of other races. Young, uninsured Hispanic women were more likely to receive a Pap test than were young, fully insured Hispanic women, a finding not previously reported. Conclusion Electronic health records enable population-level surveillance in community health centers and can reveal factors influencing use of preventive services. Although community health centers provide cervical cancer screening regardless of insurance status, disparities persist in the association between insurance status and receipt of Pap tests. In our study, after adjusting for demographic factors, being continuously insured throughout the study period improved the likelihood of receiving a Pap test for many women.
HIV among injecting drug users: current epidemiology, biologic markers, respondent-driven sampling, and supervised-injection facilities

Purpose of reviewTo describe recent research done primarily during the past 12 months (i.e., primarily in 2008) on the epidemiology of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs). Recent findingsMajor research developments include a global assessment of HIV infection among IDUs and evidence of a transition from epidemics concentrated among IDUs to generalized, heterosexual epidemics in eastern Europe and Asia. Intervention research also includes several studies of supervised-injecting facilities. Methodological research includes respondent-driven sampling and the use of hepatitis C virus and herpes simplex virus-2 as biomarkers for injecting and sexual risk. SummaryThere have been important advances in research during the past year, but HIV infection continues to spread rapidly across many areas of the world among IDUs and their nondrug-using sex partners.
Toxicity of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, captan, fluopyram, boscalid, and difenoconazole to Didymella applanata isolates from Serbia

Field isolates of Didymella applanata, the causal agent of spur blight of raspberry, were evaluated in vitro for their sensitivity to mancozeb, chlorothalonil, captan, fluopyram, boscalid and difenoconazole. A total of 10 isolates, collected during 2013 at five localities in the major raspberry growing region in Serbia, and characterized as copper hydroxide, dithianon, and tebuconazole (sensitive), pyraclostrobin (sensitive or highly resistant) and fluazinam (sensitive or moderately resistant), were used in this study. The EC50 values for the isolates ranged from 1.33 to 2.88 mg L−1 for mancozeb, from 3.18 to 6.65 mg L−1 for chlorothalonil, from 15.75 to 24.69 mg L−1 for captan and from 1.80 to 8.20 mg L−1 for fluopyram. The narrowest range of EC50 values was recorded for difenoconazole (0.23–0.49 mg L−1), whereas the widest range was obtained for boscalid (4.49–49.25 mg L−1). The calculated resistance factors showed that all D. applanata isolates were sensitive to mancozeb, chlorothalonil, captan, and difenoconazole. Four isolates were moderately resistant to boscalid, while three of them were also moderately resistant to fluopyram. This finding of moderately resistant isolates to these SDHI fungicides indicates a possible cross-resistance which should be clarified in further investigations.
Change in Visually Perceived Eye Level without Change in Perceived Pitch

Both the physical elevation that appears to correspond to eye level and the visually perceived pitch of a visual field are linear functions of the physical pitch of a normally illuminated, complexly structured visual field. One of the possible bases for the large effect of physical pitch on the elevation of visually perceived eye level (VPEL) is that the visual field generates a mental representation which specifies spatial coordinates and these determine the VPEL elevation (‘implicit-surface model’; ISM). The influence on the elevation of VPEL is nearly as large when the visual field contains either one or two long pitched-from-vertical or rolled-from-vertical lines in otherwise total darkness as when it consists of a well-illuminated and complexly structured pitched room (L Matin and W Li, 1994 Vision Research 34 311–330), and, in order to examine the ISM, we employed a rolled-from-vertical, two-line configuration within a frontoparallel plane viewed in otherwise total darkness. Measurements of visually perceived pitch were made by a manual matching procedure and VPEL measurements were made by the psychophysical setting of the elevation of a small visual target to appear at eye level while each of three subjects viewed the two-line configuration at each of three horizontal eccentricities with the configuration at each of seven roll orientations. In direct contradiction to the ISM, the perceived pitch of the two-line configuration did not deviate significantly from the erect orientation (‘vertical’) for any roll at any eccentricity, but the elevation of VPEL changed systematically with the roll of the configuration both at left and at right eccentricities, and did not change at all with the two-line configuration centered on the median plane. Consistent with our previous work and with our previous interpretation regarding the basis for VPEL (L Matin and W Li, 1994 Vision Research 34 2577 – 2598), the variation of VPEL for the two-line visual field equals the average of the VPEL variations produced by viewing each of the single lines separately.
Inhibition of 3′ modification of small RNAs in virus-infected plants require spatial and temporal co-expression of small RNAs and viral silencing-suppressor proteins

Plant viruses are inducers and targets of RNA silencing. Viruses counteract with RNA silencing by expressing silencing-suppressor proteins. Many of the identified proteins bind siRNAs, which prevents assembly of silencing effector complexes, and also interfere with their 3′ methylation, which protects them against degradation. Here, we investigated the 3′ modification of silencing-related small RNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with viruses expressing RNA silencing suppressors, the p19 protein of Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) and HC-Pro of Tobacco etch virus (TEV). We found that CIRV had only a slight effect on viral siRNA 3′ modification, but TEV significantly inhibited the 3′ modification of si/miRNAs. We also found that p19 and HC-Pro were able to bind both 3′ modified and non-modified small RNAs in vivo. The findings suggest that the 3′ modification of viral siRNAs occurs in the cytoplasm, though miRNA 3′ modification likely takes place in the nucleus as well. Both silencing suppressors inhibited the 3′ modification of si/miRNAs when they and small RNAs were transiently co-expressed, suggesting that the inhibition of si/miRNA 3′ modification requires spatial and temporal co-expression. Finally, our data revealed that a HEN1-like methyltransferase might account for the small RNA modification at the their 3′-terminal nucleotide in N. benthamiana.
Localized Boosting

We introduce and analyze LocBoost , a new boosting algorithm, which leads to the incremental construction of a mixture of experts type architecture. We provide upper bounds on the expected loss of such models in terms of the smoothness properties of the gating functions appearing in the mixture of experts model. Furthermore, an incremental algorithm is proposed for the construction of the classiﬁer, based on a maximum-likelihood approach and the EM al-gorithm. Preliminary numerical results appear to be promising.
Study of Soiling Loss on Photovoltaic Modules With Artificially Deposited Dust of Different Gravimetric Densities and Compositions Collected From Different Locations in India

Evaluation of soiling loss on photovoltaic (PV) modules in a geographical location involves collecting data from a fielded PV system of that location. This is usually a time-consuming and expensive undertaking. Hence, we propose collecting dust samples from various location of interest, preferably from the module surface, and use them as dust samples so that the soiling experiments can be conducted in the laboratory. In this work, a low-cost artificial dust deposition technique is utilized that could be used to deposit dust on a module surface in a controlled manner, which helps in predicting soiling loss associated with various dust properties, including densities, chemical compositions, and particle sizes. The soil samples covering diverse climatic conditions and six different geographic locations covering all of India were collected and investigated. Soiling loss on a silicon solar cell with Mumbai dust (17.1%) is about two times that of Jodhpur dust (9.8%) for the same soil gravimetric density of 3 g/m2. The dust collected from Mumbai showed the highest spectral loss, followed by Pondicherry, Agra, Hanle, Jodhpur, and Gurgaon. The worst affected module technology was amorphous silicon (17.7%), followed by cadmium telluride (15.7%), crystalline silicon (15.4%), and CIGS (14.5%) for the same density (1.8 g/m2) of dust from Mumbai.
Interaction with CD4 and Antibodies to CD4-Induced Epitopes of the Envelope gp120 from a Microglial Cell-Adapted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate

ABSTRACT We previously showed that the envelope glycoprotein from an in vitro microglia-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate (HIV-1Bori-15) is able to use lower levels of CD4 for infection and demonstrates greater exposure of the CD4-induced epitope recognized by the 17b monoclonal antibody than the envelope of its parental, peripheral isolate (HIV-1Bori). We investigated whether these phenotypic changes were related to a different interaction of their soluble monomeric gp120 proteins with CD4 or 17b. Equilibrium binding analyses showed no difference between Bori and Bori-15 gp120s. However, kinetic analysis of surface plasmon resonance-based, real-time binding experiments showed that while both proteins have similar association rates, Bori-15 gp120 has a statistically significant, 3-fold-lower dissociation rate from immobilized CD4 than Bori and a statistically significant, 14-fold-lower dissociation rate from 17b than Bori in the absence of soluble CD4. In addition, using the sensitivity to inhibition by anti-CD4 antibodies as a surrogate for CD4:trimeric envelope interaction, we found that Bori-15 envelope-pseudotyped viruses were significantly less sensitive than Bori pseudotypes, with four- to sixfold-higher 50% inhibitory concentration values for the three anti-CD4 antibodies tested. These differences, though small, suggest that adaptation to microglia correlates with the generation of a gp120 that forms a more stable interaction with CD4. Nonetheless, the observation of limited binding changes leaves open the possibility that HIV-1 adaptation to microglia and HIV-associated dementia may be related not only to diminished CD4 dependence but also to changes in other molecular factors involved in the infection process.
Menace of Haemo-Parasitic Infections in Pregnant Women Attending Unguwa Uku Clinic and Maternity Hospital, Kano-Nigeria

Nigeria is yet to eradicate malaria among myriads of parasitic infections. Haemo-parasitic infections during pregnancy pose threats to maternal and foetal health. This study assessed the occurrences and effects of haemo-parasites in pregnant women attending Unguwa Uku Clinic and Maternity Hospital, in Kano, Nigeria. The women were briefed about the study, out of which 110 consented. Socio-demographic data and risk factors associated with haemo-parasitic infections were gathered through questionnaires. From each participant, 2ml of venous blood was collected. Thin and thick blood smears were made, stained with Field Stain A and B and examined for haemo-parasites microscopically. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined in duplicates. Statistical analyses were done at P=0.05. Overall haemo-parasitaemia was (80.9%). Plasmodium falciparum was the only occurring Plasmodium species, with a prevalence of 47.3%. Prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei was 45.5% and microfilariae was 10.0%. Co-infections of P. falciparum and T. brucei was 16.4%, while that of P. falciparum and microfilariae was 5.5%. Women in age-group 22-27years had the highest P. falciparum infections (50.0%), while those of 40-45years were the least infected (33.3%). Women in third trimester of pregnancy had more P. falciparum infections (52.7%), followed by those in second trimester (48.5%); the least was in the first trimester of pregnancy (37.5%). P. falciparum infection and its co-infection with T. brucei lowered the women’s PCV (P<0.05). Haemo-parasitic infections showed no significant association with age-group, gestational age, educational status, marital status, stagnant water and type of residence. Type of anti-mosquito nets used associated with P. falciparum infection (P=0.043). There is need for monitored programs to protect pregnant women from haemo-parasitic infections.
Flatness based velocity tracking control of a vehicle on a roller dynamometer using a robotic driver

This paper presents a velocity tracking control of a robotic driver that is used for driving industry test cycles on roller dynamometers. As existing commercial robotic drivers show a high complexity, use outdated mechanics and are nevertheless quite expensive, a new robotic driver is developed. The aim is to track a well defined velocity trajectory of a test cycle with high accuracy in an arbitrary vehicle, whereby no learning cycle for determining the specific vehicle behaviour is allowed. To meet all these conditions, at first a single-wheel model for the longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle is proposed. Additionaly, an approximation for the engine torque is given, enabling the adaption of the resulting model by changing only few parameters. Based on this model, a flatness based velocity tracking control for operating the acceleration pedal is introduced.
Can English perceivers match Cantonese auditory and visual prosody

The prosody of an utterance can be varied by changing F0, duration and amplitude. Such changes are typically accompanied by variation in the talker’s face/head motion (visual prosody). For native language utterances, people can match auditory and visual prosody accurately. We tested whether English perceivers can do this with an unfamiliar language, Cantonese, which differs from English specifically with regard to suprasegmental properties (e.g., different rhythm type; use of lexical tone). These differences may make extraction of prosody difficult, because they distract English perceivers and/or because they affect the way prosody is realized. However, AV cues for prosody may be similar across languages and sufficiently salient to overcome the suprasegmental differences. We tested native AustralianEnglish participants (N=27) with 50 Cantonese sentences spoken as questions, narrowly focused or broad focused utterances by two native Cantonese talkers. Participants completed a same-different matching task for auditoryauditory (AA); visual-visual (VV) and auditory-visual (AV) pairs. Each pair type consisted of the same sentence and talker, but different tokens. Matching performance was above chance for all conditions: AA > AV = VV. Results are discussed in terms of how auditory and visual prosody is conveyed and how this may be affected by language properties.
Measurement of the Flavor Oscillation Frequency of B 0 s Mesons at DØ

We present a measurement of theB s − B̄ s oscillation frequency using a large sample of fully reconstructed hadronic and partially reconstructed hadronic and semileptonic B s decays corresponding to approximately 2.4 fb of integrated luminosity accumulated with the DØ Detector in Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron. The flavor of the final state of the B s meson is determined using the charge of the particle from the reconstructed decay B s → l (π)D s X, where l + is for the semileptonic modes and π is for the hadronic mode. Oppositeand same-side tagging methods are used for the initial-state flavor determination. We perform an unbinned likelihood fit of the proper decay length and obtain ∆ms = 18.56 ± 0.87(stat.) ps .
Ultrasonication and food technology: A review

Abstract With increasing consumers demand and tightening of food and environmental regulations, traditional food-processing techniques have lost their optimum performance which gave rise to new and powerful technologies. Ultrasonic is a one of the fast, versatile, emerging, and promising non-destructive green technology used in the food industry from last few years. The ultrasound is being carried out in various areas of food technology namely crystallization, freezing, bleaching, degassing, extraction, drying, filtration, emulsification, sterilization, cutting, etc. Ultrasound is being applied as an effective preservation tool in many food-processing fields viz. vegetables and fruits, cereal products, honey, gels, proteins, enzymes, microbial inactivation, cereal technology, water treatment, diary technology, etc. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on impact and application of ultrasound in food technology.
Long‐Term Soil Experiments: Keys to Managing Earth's Rapidly Changing Ecosystems

To meet economic and environmental demands for about 10 billion people by the mid-21st century, humanity will be challenged to double food production from the Earth's soil and diminish adverse effects of soil management on the wider environment. To meet these challenges, an array of scientific approaches is being used to increase understanding of long-term soil trends and soil-environment interactions. One of these approaches, that of long-term soil experiments (LTSEs), provides direct observations of soil change and functioning across time scales of decades, data critical for biological, biogeochemical, and environmental assessments of sustainability; for predictions of soil productivity and soil-environment interactions; and for developing models at a wide range of scales. Although LTSEs take years to mature, are vulnerable to loss, and have yet to be comprehensively inventoried or networked, LTSEs address a number of contemporary issues and yield data of special significance to soil management. The objective of this study was to evaluate how LTSEs address three questions that fundamentally challenge modern society: how soils can sustain a doubling of food production in the coming decades, how soils interact with the global C cycle, and how soil management can establish greater control over nutrient cycling. Results demonstrate how LTSEs produce significant data and perspectives for all three questions. Results also suggest the need for a review of the state of our long-term soil-research base and the establishment of an efficiently run network of LTSEs aimed at soil-management sustainability and improving management control over C and nutrient cycling.
Enhanced-Reliability Cyclic Generalized Spatial-and-Temporal Modulation

In this letter, we propose temporal modulation as a new dimension to enhance the performance of spatially modulated space-time block codes (STBCs). We efficiently integrate a cyclic spatially modulated codebook with temporal permutations over four consecutive time slots. To ensure a full transmit diversity order for the designed codebook, we assume that two distinct pairs from the available transmit antennas are activated over two consecutive time slots to construct a 2×2 STBC transmission matrix. We design a rotated version of the orthogonal full-diversity Alamouti STBC as a building block of our proposed codebook. Our numerical results confirm the reduced error rate of the proposed transmission scheme over the state-of-the-art schemes at the same spectral efficiency.
Magnetic Drug Targeting Reduces the Chemotherapeutic Burden on Circulating Leukocytes

Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) improves the integrity of healthy tissues and cells during treatment with cytotoxic drugs. An anticancer drug is bound to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), injected into the vascular supply of the tumor and directed into the tumor by means of an external magnetic field. In this study, we investigated the impact of SPION, mitoxantrone (MTO) and SPIONMTO on cell viability in vitro and the nonspecific uptake of MTO into circulating leukocytes in vivo. MDT was compared with conventional chemotherapy. MTO uptake and the impact on cell viability were assessed by flow cytometry in a Jurkat cell culture. In order to analyze MTO loading of circulating leukocytes in vivo, we treated tumor-bearing rabbits with MDT and conventional chemotherapy. In vitro experiments showed a dose-dependent MTO uptake and reduction in the viability and proliferation of Jurkat cells. MTO and SPIONMTO showed similar cytotoxic activity. Non-loaded SPION did not have any effect on cell viability in the concentrations tested. Compared with systemic administration in vivo, MDT employing SPIONMTO significantly decreased the chemotherapeutic load in circulating leukocytes. We demonstrated that MDT spares the immune system in comparison with conventional chemotherapy.