Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional composition of commonly consumed composite dishes for Afro-Caribbeans (mainly Jamaicans) in the United Kingdom

Primary objective To provide the calculated nutritional composition of 18 commonly consumed composite dishes among Afro-Caribbeans residing in the United Kingdom. Methods and procedures Weighed recipes were collected in Afro-Caribbean households (mainly Jamaicans) in Manchester, UK. Main outcomes and results A total of 30 weighed recipes were collected for a variety of 18 Afro-Caribbean composite dishes. Among them, fried dumpling, Ackee and saltfish, fried chicken and rice and peas were high in energy, providing 201–356 kcal/100 g. Fried fish, Ackee and saltfish, stewed fish, and fried chicken had a high fat content (between 11.5% and 25.9%). Conclusions We have provided for the first time some data on the energy, macronutrient and micronutrient content per 100 g for 18 Afro-Caribbean foods. These recipe data provide essential information for accurately assessing dietary intake and for determining associations between diet and chronic diseases among this population.
The epidemiology of hearing impairment in an Australian adult population.

BACKGROUND This study measured the prevalence of hearing impairment, and major demographic factors that influence the prevalence, in a representative South Australian adult population sample aged > or = 15 years. METHODS The study group was recruited from representative population surveys of South Australians. Participants in these surveys who reported a hearing disability were then recruited to an audiological study which measured air and bone conduction thresholds. In addition a sample of those people who reported no hearing disability were recruited to the audiological study. RESULTS The data reported in this study are the first in Australia to assess the prevalence of hearing impairment from a representative population survey using audiological methods. The data show that 16.6% of the South Australian population have a hearing impairment in the better ear at > or = 25 dBHTL and 22.2% in the worse ear at the same level. The results obtained in this representative sample compare well with those obtained in the British Study of Hearing, although some differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there are only a few studies worldwide that have audiologically assessed the impairment of hearing from a representative population sample. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment in Australia is similar to that found in Great Britain, although there are some differences between the estimates of severity of impairment and some sex differences. The corroboration of the two studies reinforces the status of hearing impairment as the most common disability of adulthood. The present study also showed that there are a large number of Australians who may benefit from a more systematic community-based rehabilitation programme including the fitting of hearing aids. Secondly, the study identified the need for health goals and targets for hearing to be based on an epidemiological approach to the problem.
Resumptive Pronouns in English Relative Clauses

We report elicited production and grammaticality judgment data from 3 experiments on the status of resumptive pronouns in English. The participants in 2 experiments were 82 children (aged 3;5-8;11) and 34 adults; the participants in 1 experiment were 89 children (also 3;5-8;11) and 20 adults. The adult data are interpreted in terms of a Minimalist account in which English-type resumptives are Spell-Outs of traces. For reasons of economy, they surface only when the trace is illicit. Children's production data resembled those of adults, but their judgment data included more acceptance of resumptives in extractable positions than did adults' data. Taking all the data together, we argue that the children's grammars are nevertheless on target and suggest that their overacceptance reflects parsing considerations. This study thus examined children's acquisition of syntax in light of the development of linguistic processing systems.
Resting-State Brain Networks in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With and Without Microangiopathy and Their Relation to Cognitive Functions and Disease Variables

Cognitive functioning depends on intact brain networks that can be assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. We hypothesized that cognitive decrements in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are associated with alterations in resting-state neural connectivity and that these changes vary according to the degree of microangiopathy. T1DM patients with (MA+: n = 49) and without (MA−: n = 52) microangiopathy were compared with 48 healthy control subjects. All completed a neuropsychological assessment and resting-state fMRI. Networks were identified using multisubject independent component analysis; specific group differences within each network were analyzed using the dual-regression method, corrected for confounding factors and multiple comparisons. Relative to control subjects, MA− patients showed increased connectivity in networks involved in motor and visual processes, whereas MA+ patients showed decreased connectivity in networks involving attention, working memory, auditory and language processing, and motor and visual processes. Better information-processing speed and general cognitive ability were related to increased degree of connectivity. T1DM is associated with a functional reorganization of neural networks that varies, dependent on the presence or absence of microangiopathy.
Global sport and the migration patterns of France ‘98 World Cup finals players: Some preliminary observations

Elite labour migration is now an established feature of the sporting 'global village'. This involves the movement of workers in a variety of sports both within and between nations and continents. In recent years this phenomenon has attracted increased academic attention, with studies examining several sports including ice hockey, cricket, baseball, basketball, and perhaps most notably, football. This research has focused on differing aspects of the migration process. Firstly, patterns in sports migration have been identified. Secondly, academics have been concerned to explain how and why these patterns occur, and thirdly, an ethnographic approach has been employed to investigate the lived experiences of some sports migrants. What existing research has established beyond doubt is that elite sports migration cannot be explained solely with reference to an economic analysis. Rather, a complex and shifting set of interdependencies contours the migrant trails of world sport. These interdependencies are multi-faceted and incorporate not only economic, but also political, historical, geographical, social and cultural factors. Thus, in seeking to explain global sport labour migration, a broad approach must be taken. An examination of wider societal processes is more appropriate than a focus on the sports industry. This essay employs just such an approach in its examination of football labour migration and seeks to contribute to continuing research about talent migration in world football at the very elite level.
Learning task-space tracking control with kernels

Task-space tracking control is essential for robot manipulation. In practice, task-space control of redundant robot systems is known to be susceptive to modeling errors. Here, data driven learning methods may present an interesting alternative approach. However, learning models for task-space tracking control from sampled data is an ill-posed problem. In particular, the same input data point can yield many different output values which can form a non-convex solution space. Because the problem is ill-posed, models cannot be learned from such data using common regression methods. While learning of task-space control mappings is globally ill-posed, it has been shown in recent work that it is locally a well-defined problem. In this paper, we use this insight to formulate a local kernel-based learning approach for online model learning for taskspace tracking control. For evaluations, we show in simulation the ability of the method for online model learning for task-space tracking control of redundant robots.
Microbreweries as Tools of Local Identity

During the 1490s, over 1,500 microbreweries sprouted and flourished across the country. This expansion of microbreweries derives, in part, from the desire of people to break away from the smothering homogeneity of popular, national culture. Such breweries are often proudly and sellconsciously local, sporting local historical photos, maps, and other artifacts of a place's personality as part of the decor. Geographer Wes Flack has hypothesized that the growth of such establishments is a prime illustration of a movement termed “neolocalism,” in which people are attempting to reconnect with the local, the personal, and the unique. The microbrewery industry has undergone rapid expansion and major upheaval in the decade since F7lack first carried out his research. This study examines recent trends in the industry and determines that his original thesis is as valid as it was when he first offered it. The core of this paper is an analysis of how ale names and visual marketing imagery are used by microbreweries to tap into this powerful feeling, and of the ways that these images serve to create local loyalties and identities. We argue that such imagery offers us a valuable window into the process of neolocalism—the active, conscious creation and maintenance of attachment to place.
Living Offline - A Qualitative Study of Internet Non-Use in Great Britain and Sweden

This study explores and compares attitudes and feelings of middle-aged British and Swedish Internet non-users as well as their reasons for being offline. The rich qualitative data are conceptualized and presented according to various reasons for non-use, positive and negative feelings regarding non-use, and the positive as well as negative influence of and dependence on social networks. The comparison shows both unique and common perceptions of the British and Swedish respondents, some of which can be attributed to social, economic, or socio-economic factors. However, it also displays vast differences between middle-aged non-users in both countries. The analysis paints a complex picture of decisions for and against the use of the Internet and the need for more research to understand these highly complex phenomena, which cannot simply be attributed to socio-economic backgrounds as has been done in most previous research. The analysis shows that more complex reasons, such as lack of interest or discomfort with technologies, as well as the somewhat surprising finding that social networks can prevent non-users from learning how to use the Internet, as it is more convenient to stay a proxy-user, should be considered in future research and policies regarding digital inequalities.
Lateral Ramus Cortical Bone Plate in Alveolar Cleft Osteoplasty with Concomitant Use of Buccal Fat Pad Derived Cells and Autogenous Bone: Phase I Clinical Trial

Tissue regeneration has become a promising treatment for craniomaxillofacial bone defects such as alveolar clefts. This study sought to assess the efficacy of lateral ramus cortical plate with buccal fat pad derived mesenchymal stem cells (BFSCs) in treatment of human alveolar cleft defects. Ten patients with unilateral anterior maxillary cleft met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to three treatment groups. First group was treated with anterior iliac crest (AIC) bone and a collagen membrane (AIC group), the second group was treated with lateral ramus cortical bone plate (LRCP) with BFSCs mounted on a natural bovine bone mineral (LRCP+BFSC), and the third group was treated with AIC bone, BFSCs cultured on natural bovine bone mineral, and a collagen membrane (AIC+BFSC). The amount of regenerated bone was measured using cone beam computed tomography 6 months postoperatively. AIC group showed the least amount of new bone formation (70 ± 10.40%). LRCP+BFSC group demonstrated defect closure and higher amounts of new bone formation (75 ± 3.5%) but less than AIC+BFSC (82.5 ± 6.45%), suggesting that use of BFSCs within LRCP cage and AIC may enhance bone regeneration in alveolar cleft bone defects; however, the differences were not statistically significant. This clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrial.gov with NCT02859025 identifier.
Hierarchical appearance-based classifiers for qualitative spatial localization

This paper presents a novel appearance-based technique for qualitative spatial localization. A vocabulary of visual words is built automatically, representing local features that repeatedly occur in the set of training images. An information maximization technique is then applied to build a hierarchical classifier for each environment by learning informative visual words. Child nodes in this hierarchy encode information redundant with information coded by their parents. In localization, hierarchical classifiers are used in a top-down manner, where top-level visual words are examined first, and for each top-level visual word which does not respond as expected, its lower-level visual words are examined. This allows inference to recover from missing features encoded by higher-level visual words. Several experiments on a challenging localization database demonstrate the advantages of our hierarchical framework and show a significant improvement over the traditional bag-of-features approaches.
TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells are the necessary evil of lethal influenza virus infection

Respiratory infection with highly pathogenic influenza A viruses is characterized by the exuberant production of cytokines and chemokines and the enhanced recruitment of innate inflammatory cells. Here, we show that challenging mice with virulent influenza A viruses, including currently circulating H5N1 strains, causes the increased selective accumulation of a particular dendritic cell subset, the tipDCs, in the pneumonic airways. These tipDCs are required for the further proliferation of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells in the infected lung, because blocking their recruitment in CCR2−/− mice decreases the numbers of CD8+ effectors and ultimately compromises virus clearance. However, diminution rather than total elimination of tipDC trafficking by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone moderates the potentially lethal consequences of excessive tipDC recruitment without abrogating CD8+ T cell expansion or compromising virus control. Targeting the tipDCs in this way thus offers possibilities for therapeutic intervention in the face of a catastrophic pandemic.
Christianity, culture and other religions (Part 1): the origins of the study of world religions in English education

This, the first of two articles on the subject, explores the origins of the view that religions other than Christianity should figure in the study of religion in English universities and schools. It will be shown that the major impetus for such study came not from secularism but from late nineteenth and early twentieth century liberal Protestantism, influenced by philosophical idealism which saw all religions as deriving from humanity's common religious experience. It will be argued in this and the second article on the subject that the current government's policy of insisting upon the primacy of Christianity and the separate and subordinate treatment of other faiths is at variance with the spirit of this important tradition in English theology and religious education.
Pneumocystis Infection in an Immunocompetent Host Can Promote Collateral Sensitization to Respiratory Antigens

ABSTRACT Infection with the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis is assumed to pass without persistent pathology in immunocompetent hosts. However, when immunocompetent BALB/c mice were inoculated with Pneumocystis, a vigorous Th2-like pulmonary inflammation ensued and peaked at 14 days postinfection. This coincided with a 10-fold increase in the number of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the lung, and these cells were capable of presenting antigen in vitro, as well as greater uptake of antigen in vivo. When mice were presented with exogenous antigen at the 14-day time point of the infection, they developed respiratory sensitization to that antigen, in the form of increased airway hyperresponsiveness upon a later challenge, whereas mice not infected but presented with antigen did not. Like other forms of collateral sensitization, this response was dependent on interleukin-4 receptor signaling. This ability to facilitate sensitization to exogenous antigen has been previously reported for other infectious disease agents; however, Pneumocystis appears to be uniquely capable in this respect, as a single intranasal dose without added adjuvant, when it was administered at the appropriate time, was sufficient to initiate sensitization. Pneumocystis infection probably occurs in most humans during the first few years of life, and in the vast majority of cases, it fails to cause any overt direct pathology. However, as we show here, Pneumocystis can be an agent of comorbidity at this time by facilitating respiratory sensitization that may relate to the later development or exacerbation of obstructive airway disease.
Image Similarity Using Sparse Representation and Compression Distance

A new line of research uses compression methods to measure the similarity between signals. Two signals are considered similar if one can be compressed significantly when the information of the other is known. The existing compression-based similarity methods, although successful in the discrete one dimensional domain, do not work well in the context of images. This paper proposes a sparse representation-based approach to encode the information content of an image using information from the other image, and uses the compactness (sparsity) of the representation as a measure of its compressibility (how much can the image be compressed) with respect to the other image. The sparser the representation of an image, the better it can be compressed and the more it is similar to the other image. The efficacy of the proposed measure is demonstrated through the high accuracies achieved in image clustering, retrieval and classification.
Proptosis: etiology and demographic patterns.

OBJECTIVE To determine the demographic pattern of patients presenting with proptosis and its etiology. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences (KIOMS), Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from July 2001- December 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty cases of proptosis presenting at KIOMS were included. Thirtysix patients were male while 24 were female. They were divided into two age groups; 0-15 years (paediatric group) and above 15 years (adult group). An elaborate work up plan was formulated for all patients, which included detailed history, clinical examination (ocular, orbital and systemic), radiological and histopathological investigations. RESULTS Neoplasms (33%) were the most common causes of proptosis in all the patients followed by orbital inflammations (23%), orbital infections (20%), structural abnormalities (12%), vascular abnormalities (7%) and trauma (5%). CONCLUSION Neoplasms were the most common cause of proptosis in both paediatric and adult group. Proptosis was the cardinal feature and visual deterioration was present in more than half of the patients. Timely referral, early diagnosis and appropriate management can result in reduction of visual morbidity.
Plant functional and phylogenetic turnover correlate with climate and land use in the Western Swiss Alps

Understanding the relative importance of historical and environmental processes in the structure and composition of communities is one of the longest quests in ecological research. Increasingly, researchers are relying on the functional and phylogenetic β-diversity of natural communities to provide concise explanations on the mechanistic basis of community assembly and the drivers of trait variation among species. The present study investigated how plant functional and phylogenetic β-diversity change along key environmental and spatial gradients in the Western Swiss Alps. Methods Using the quadratic diversity measure based on six functional traits: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), plant height (H), leaf carbon content (C), leaf nitrogen content (N), and leaf carbon to nitrogen content (C/N) alongside a species-resolved phylogenetic tree, we relate variations in climate, spatial geographic, land use and soil gradients to plant functional and phylogenetic turnover in mountain communities of the Western Swiss Alps. Important findings Our study highlights two main points. First, climate and land use factors play an important role in mountain plant community turnover. Second, the overlap between plant functional and phylogenetic turnover along these gradients correlates with the low phylogenetic signal in traits, suggesting that in mountain landscapes, trait lability is likely an important factor in driving plant community assembly. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of climate and land use factors in plant functional and phylogenetic community turnover, and provide valuable complementary insights into understanding patterns of β-diversity along several ecological gradients.
Social Support and Strain from Partner, Family, and Friends: Costs and Benefits for Men and Women in Adulthood

The goals of this study were to (i) examine the association of social support and strain with psychological well-being and health, (ii) investigate whether these associations depended on relationship-type (partner, family, friend), (iii) examine the buffering effects of support on strain (both within and across relationship-type), and (iv) test the extent to which these associations differed by age and sex. The sample contained 2,348 adults (55% male) aged 25 to 75 years (M = 46.3), who were married or cohabitating. Positive and negative social exchanges were more strongly related to psychological well-being than to health. For both sexes, partner support and strain and family support were predictive of well-being measures; partner strain was also predictive of health problems. However, family strain was predictive of well-being and health outcomes more often for women. Further, while we did find evidence that supportive networks could buffer the detrimental effects of strained interactions, friends and family served a buffering role more often for women than for men.
Prognostic relevance of cell biologic and biochemical features in conventional chondrosarcomas

Conventional chondrosarcoma is the second most common malignant solid tumor of bone, and its management still poses a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Currently, tumor grade is the only parameter of prognostic significance besides stage and, possibly, resection margins. Additional independent prognostic markers therefore would be highly valuable for patient management.