Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diastolic heart failure--abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle.

BACKGROUND Patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction are said to have diastolic heart failure. It has traditionally been thought that the pathophysiological cause of heart failure in these patients is an abnormality in the diastolic properties of the left ventricle; however, this hypothesis remains largely unproven. METHODS We prospectively identified 47 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for definite diastolic heart failure; all the patients had signs and symptoms of heart failure, a normal ejection fraction, and an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Ten patients who had no evidence of cardiovascular disease served as controls. Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by means of cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. RESULTS The patients with diastolic heart failure had abnormal left ventricular relaxation and increased left ventricular chamber stiffness. The mean (+/-SD) time constant for the isovolumic-pressure decline (tau) was longer in the group with diastolic heart failure than in the control group (59+/-14 msec vs. 35+/-10 msec, P=0.01). The diastolic pressure-volume relation was shifted up and to the left in the patients with diastolic heart failure as compared with the controls. The corrected left ventricular passive-stiffness constant was significantly higher in the group with diastolic heart failure than in the control group (0.03+/-0.01 vs. 0.01+/-0.01, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction have significant abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness. In these patients, the pathophysiological cause of elevated diastolic pressures and heart failure is abnormal diastolic function.
Feasibility and Safety of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired with Notched Music Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus

Background and Objectives A recent study demonstrated that tinnitus could be eliminated by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with notched sounds in a rat tinnitus model. The aims of this clinical study were to investigate the effects and safety of transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) by patch-type electrode paired with notched music for treating chronic tinnitus. Subjects and Methods Thirty patients with refractory chronic tinnitus for >12 months were included in this study. A patch-type electrode was attached to the auricular concha of the patient's left ear and tVNS was performed for 30 min (pulse rate 25 Hz, pulse width 200 µs, and amplitude 1-10 mA) using a transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation eco2. During tVNS, the patients listened to notched music cleared of the frequency spectrum corresponding to the tinnitus with a 0.5 octave notch width. Results After 10 treatment sessions, 15/30 patients (50%) reported symptom relief in terms of a global improvement questionnaire. The mean tinnitus loudness (10-point scale) and the mean tinnitus awareness score (%) improved significantly from 6.32±2.06 to 5.16±1.52 and from 82.40±24.37% to 65.60±28.15%, respectively (both p<0.05). None of the patients had any specific side effects, such as changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Conclusions This study has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of tVNS paired with notched music therapy in patients with chronic tinnitus, with the use of a pad-type electrode attached to the auricular concha.
In vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity of chemically treated glass fibers

Samples of a commercial glass fiber FM® (Fiber Max) were used to test the efficacy of a chemical sol-gel surface treatment to enhance their bioactivity. After treatment with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), individual fiber samples were soaked into a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, from which they were removed at intervals of 5 and 10 days. Micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of samples chemically treated with TEOS revealed the formation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating layer after 5 days into SBF solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses confirmed that the coating layer has P-O vibration bands characteristic of HA. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using a direct contact test, minimum essential medium elution test (ISO 10993-5) and MTT assay. Fibers immersed in SBF and their extracts exhibited lower cytotoxicity than the controls not subjected to immersion, suggesting that SBF treatment improves the biocompatibility of the fiber.
Detrending time series for astronomical variability surveys

We present a detrending algorithm for the removal of trends in time series. Trends in time series could be caused by various systematic and random noise sources such as cloud passages, changes of airmass, telescope vibration, CCD noise or defects of photometry. Those trends undermine the intrinsic signals of stars and should be removed. We determine the trends from subsets of stars that are highly correlated among themselves. These subsets are selected based on a hierarchical tree clustering algorithm. A bottom-up merging algorithm based on the departure from normal distribution in the correlation is developed to identify subsets, which we call clusters. After identification of clusters, we determine a trend per cluster by weighted sum of normalized light curves. We then use quadratic programming to detrend all individual light curves based on these determined trends. Experimental results with synthetic light curves containing artificial trends and events are presented. Results from other detrending methods are also compared. The developed algorithm can be applied to time series for trend removal in both narrow and wide field astronomy.
Closed-Loop Control of a Complementary Clamp Piezoworm Actuator

The concept of the complementary clamp piezoworm actuator with a diode-shunted delay circuit was experimentally verified through prototype testing. One clamp uses high voltage to grip and low voltage to release while the other clamp operates in reverse fashion. The resulting piezoworm actuator can be driven by a two-channel controller with the two clamps sharing the first channel and the extender piezoelectric stack using the second channel. The piezoworm achieved a speed of 440 mum/s and had a force capacity of 12.5 N when driven in open loop with trapezoidal waveforms. A delay circuit improved the force capacity from 12.5 to 14.7 N using a resistance of 1000 Omega. A closed-loop tracking controller was developed for the prototype. It is shown that the prototype closed-loop system has a repeatability less than plusmn20 nm for a 100 mum step input and can track a 100 mum, 0.05 Hz sine wave with a 1% peak error and less than a 200 nm average error.
Matrix Inversion on the Cell/B.E. Processor

The problem of inverting matrices is one that occurs in some problems of practical importance. This paper introduces and evaluates the block algorithm for high performance matrix inversion on the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) processor. The Cell/B.E. is a heterogeneous multi-core processor on a singlechip jointly developed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, which has a very high speed of the single precision floating-point arithmetic. The discussed matrix inversion algorithm is a combination of the block Algebraic Path Problem algorithm and the well-known block matrix inversion algorithm based on the LU decomposition. For relatively big matrices, this combined block algorithm spends the most time in computing matrix-matrix multiplication of blocks and achieves 149.4 Gflop/s on Cell/B.E. , when PPE and six SPEs of PlayStation3 are used, or 93.4% of the aggregated double (PPE) and single (SPEs) precision peak performance, which is 160.0 Gflop/s.
Undergraduate Research Internships and Graduate School Success.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Undergraduate Research Internships and Graduate School Success Introduction Outline Literature Literature (cont.) Sample Composition Summary of Questions That Appeared on Survey Summary of Questions That Appeared on Survey (cont.) Surveys to Alumni Results Table 1: Directors’ Estimated Effectiveness of Various Components of McNair Programs Table 2: Required Prerequisites for Participation in Research Internship as Reported by Program Table 3: Required End Products of Primary Research Internship as Reported by Program Directors Table 4: Directors’ Estimated Effectiveness of Research Internship in Promoting Graduate School Table 5: Comparison McNair Alumni and Directors’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Table 6: Guttman Scaling Technique, Consistent Table 7: Standardized Coefficient Estimates and Collinearity Diagnostics for Directors’ Estimation The Importance of the Research Internship Example: Truman State University Program Truman State University (cont.) Undergraduate Research Internships and Graduate School Success
Reinforcer frequency and restricted stimulus control.

Stimulus control was evaluated in 3 individuals with moderate to severe mental retardation by delayed identity matching-to-sample procedures that presented either one or two discrete forms as sample stimuli on each trial. On pretests, accuracy scores on one-sample trials were uniformly high. On two-sample trials, the correct stimulus (i.e., the one that subsequently appeared in the comparison array) varied unpredictably, and accuracy scores were substantially lower, suggesting that both sample stimuli did not exert stimulus control on every trial. Subjects were then given training sessions with the one-sample task and with a new set of four stimuli. For two of the stimuli, correct matching responses were followed by reinforcers on a variable-ratio schedule that led to a high reinforcer rate. For the other two stimuli, correct responses were followed by reinforcers on a variable-ratio schedule that led to a substantially lower reinforcer rate. Results on two-sample tests that followed showed that (a) on trials in which comparison arrays consisted of one high reinforcer-rate and one low reinforcer-rate stimulus, subjects most often selected the high-rate stimulus; and (b) on trials in which the comparison arrays were either two high reinforcer-rate stimuli or two low reinforcer-rate stimuli and the samples were one high reinforcer- and one low reinforcer-rate stimulus, accuracy was higher on trials with the high-rate comparisons. These results indicate that the frequency of stimulus control by high reinforcer-rate samples was greater than that by low reinforcer-rate samples. Following more training with the one-sample task and reversed reinforcement schedules for all stimuli, the differences in stimulus control frequencies on two-sample tests also reversed. These results demonstrate experimental control by reinforcement contingencies of which of two sample stimuli controlled selections in the two-sample task. The procedures and results may prove to be relevant for understanding restricted stimulus control and stimulus overselectivity.
Progressive Duplicate Detection

Duplicate detection is the process of identifying multiple representations of same real world entities. Today, duplicate detection methods need to process ever larger datasets in ever shorter time: maintaining the quality of a dataset becomes increasingly difficult. We present two novel, progressive duplicate detection algorithms that significantly increase the efficiency of finding duplicates if the execution time is limited: They maximize the gain of the overall process within the time available by reporting most results much earlier than traditional approaches. Comprehensive experiments show that our progressive algorithms can double the efficiency over time of traditional duplicate detection and significantly improve upon related work.
Changes in the Mean Stature and Weight of British Children over the Past Seventy Years

The popular belief that modern men are taller than their forebears is largely based on such evidence as the small size of the armour worn in the Middle Ages. This belief has been questioned in recent years. For example, there is no clear evidence to show that the mean height of men in this island has altered over the past hundred years. On the other hand, it has been definitely established that in Great Britain adult stature is reached earlier now than it was 70 years ago. In years gone by men belonging to the wealthier classes attained their maximum height at an earlier age than did men of the poorer classes. Recent data for Scotland have shown that the difference in growth rate between the social classes has now been eliminated (Clements and Pickett, 1952). Thus, Scotsmen in the lower-income groups attain their maximum height at the same age as those in the upper-income group. It is likely that similar changes in the stature of men will have occurred throughout the rest of Great Britain. All this would seem to imply that our forefathers, living in harder conditions, continued growing for some years after they had assumed such adult responsibilities as soldiering. It would also seem that the quicker rate at which children mature to-day, and the elimination of differences in the rate of growth between social classes, reflect a general improvement in the living conditions and health of the whole population. The present paper deals with records of the mean stature and weight of British children over the past 70 years. Data earlier than this are both meagre and selected, and refer mainly to children applying for permission to work in factories. Changes in factory legislation over the years would obviously affect the sampling of such children; for example, many children who would have been regarded as useful labourers in earlier times were no longer passed as fit for work in the 1870s. Data Anthropometric data have been examined for each of the following five peri6ds:
Exploring the Foundations of Organisational Knowledge: An Emergent Synthesis Grounded in Thinking Related to Evolutionary Biology

Prevailing views about what constitutes organisational knowledge need to be systematically evaluated at deep epistemological levels. We argue there is a need is to establish a new paradigm comprising of both a theoretical and an ontological foundation for thinking about knowledge epistemologies. We think, along with Bill McKelvey, (1997, 2002) that the “science of management” as it relates to organisations seems to be greatly wanting.Our approach is based on an evolutionary theory of knowledge contained within Karl Popper’s later epistemological works beginning with his 1972 “Objective Knowledge – an evolutionary approach” and a framework of organisational theory based on Maturana and Varela's concept of self-producing complex systems ("autopoiesis"). We have drawn upon this combined approach in order to understand how best to integrate understandings of personal and objective knowledge and the notion of “living organisations” into a new paradigm of organisational knowledge.A model that is congruent with this new paradigmatic approach is detailed and discussed. This model is designed to provide a general overview of the different types of knowledge that give rise to organisational knowledge.Importantly, we highlight that all explicit knowledge held in organisations encoded in analogue or digital objects is in fact inert. Such knowledge cannot be regarded as “living knowledge” unless the filter of human interpretative intelligence is applied to generate meaning from these knowledge objects or, increasingly, unless such intelligence is built into dynamic processes and systems within the organisation. Therefore, we claim that the human aspects of managing knowledge are of fundamental and primary importance. We suggest that the metaphor of “organisational boundary as membrane” is an important element of organisational knowledge. This is because different types of flows and exchanges that cross the boundaries of organisations over periods of time are fundamental to how an organisation sustains its ability for self production and self-control. We claim, in conclusion, that these features of organisational knowledge have crucial implications for how different types of knowledge are best managed.This paper relates to a power point presentation made at the actKM National Conference. The ideas presented form part of a wider project related to group of collaborators interested in knowledge management, organization theory, autopoiesis and Karl Popper's evolutionary epistemology.
Influence of model body size on consumer attitudes and purchase intention

vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose 2 Definitions 4 Organization of Thesis 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Similarity to the Model 6 Attraction to the Model 7 Beliefs about the Model 7 Effects on Comparision with Idealized Models 7 Theoretical Framework 10 Theory of Attraction 10 Source Credibility 11 Social Comparison Theory 12 Objectives 13 Hypotheses 14 CHAPTER 3: METHOD 18 Pre-Test 18 Stimuli 19 Procedure 19 Results 20 Experimental Study for Hypothesis Testing 21 Participants 21 Stimuli 21 Instrument 23 Procedure 26 Data Analysis 27 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 29 Overview of Sample 29 Factor Analysis 31 Reliability of Measures 38 Multivariate Analysis of Variance 39 Univariate Analysis of Variance 41 Covariate Analyses 47 Test of Hypotheses 55 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION 61 Summary of Results 61
Incremental Sigmoid Belief Networks for Grammar Learning

We propose a class of Bayesian networks appropriate for structured prediction problems where the Bayesian network's model structure is a function of the predicted output structure. These incremental sigmoid belief networks (ISBNs) make decoding possible because inference with partial output structures does not require summing over the unboundedly many compatible model structures, due to their directed edges and incrementally specified model structure. ISBNs are specifically targeted at challenging structured prediction problems such as natural language parsing, where learning the domain's complex statistical dependencies benefits from large numbers of latent variables. While exact inference in ISBNs with large numbers of latent variables is not tractable, we propose two efficient approximations. First, we demonstrate that a previous neural network parsing model can be viewed as a coarse mean-field approximation to inference with ISBNs. We then derive a more accurate but still tractable variational approximation, which proves effective in artificial experiments. We compare the effectiveness of these models on a benchmark natural language parsing task, where they achieve accuracy competitive with the state-of-the-art. The model which is a closer approximation to an ISBN has better parsing accuracy, suggesting that ISBNs are an appropriate abstract model of natural language grammar learning.
Imitation and the Social Mind: Autism and Typical Development.

Part I: Imitation in Typical Development. Rogers, Studies of Imitation in Early Infancy: Findings and Theories. Masur, Vocal and Action Imitation by Infants and Toddlers During Dyadic Interactions: Development, Causes, and Consequences. Carpenter, Instrumental, Social, and Shared Goals and Intentions in Imitation. Moody, McIntosh, Mimicry and Autism: Bases and Consequences of Rapid, Automatic Matching Behavior. Charman, Imitation and the Development of Language. Nadel, Does Imitation Matter to Children with Autism? Nielsen, Suddendorf, Dissanayake, Imitation and Self-recognition in Autism: In Search of an Explanation. Loth, Gomez, Imitation, Theory of Mind, and Cultural Knowledge: Perspectives from Typical Development and Autism. Hobson, Meyer, Imitation, Identification, and the Shaping of Mind: Insights from Autism. Part II: Evolutionary and Neural Bases of Imitation. Whiten, The Dissection of Imitation and its "Cognitive Kin" in Comparative and Developmental Psychology. Decety, A Cognitive Neuroscience View of Imitation. Part III: Imitation in Autism and Other Clinical Groups: Biobehavioral Findings and Clinical Implications. Rogers, Williams, Imitation in Autism: Findings and Controversies. Hepburn, Stone, Longitudinal Research on Motor Imitation in Autism. Mon-Williams, Tresilian, Measuring the Development of Motor-control Processes. Williams, Waiter, Neuroimaging Self - Other Mapping in Autism. Smith, Lowe-Pearce, Nichols, Assessment of Imitation Abilities in Autism: Conceptual and Methodological Issues. Dewey, Bottos, The Effect of Motor Disorders on Imitation in Children. Pennington, Williams, Rogers, Conclusion.
Self-paced Mixture of Regressions

Mixture of regressions (MoR) is the wellestablished and effective approach to model discontinuous and heterogeneous data in regression problems. Existing MoR approaches assume smooth joint distribution for its good anlaytic properties. However, such assumption makes existing MoR very sensitive to intra-component outliers (the noisy training data residing in certain components) and the inter-component imbalance (the different amounts of training data in different components). In this paper, we make the earliest effort on Self-paced Learning (SPL) in MoR, i.e., Self-paced mixture of regressions (SPMoR) model. We propose a novel selfpaced regularizer based on the Exclusive LASSO, which improves inter-component balance of training data. As a robust learning regime, SPL pursues confidence sample reasoning. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SPMoR, we conducted experiments on both the sythetic examples and real-world applications to age estimation and glucose estimation. The results show that SPMoR outperforms the stateof-the-arts methods.
Semantic knowledge for famous names in mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Person identification represents a unique category of semantic knowledge that is commonly impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but has received relatively little investigation in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined the retrieval of semantic knowledge for famous names from three time epochs (recent, remote, and enduring) in two participant groups: 23 amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 23 healthy elderly controls. The aMCI group was less accurate and produced less semantic knowledge than controls for famous names. Names from the enduring period were recognized faster than both recent and remote names in both groups, and remote names were recognized more quickly than recent names. Episodic memory performance was correlated with greater semantic knowledge particularly for recent names. We suggest that the anterograde memory deficits in the aMCI group interferes with learning of recent famous names and as a result produces difficulties with updating and integrating new semantic information with previously stored information. The implications of these findings for characterizing semantic memory deficits in MCI are discussed. (JINS, 2009, 15, 9–18.)