Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistically Rich Vector Representations of Supertags for TAG Parsing

In this paper, we explore several techniques for producing vector representations of TAG supertags that can be used as inputs to a neural network-based TAG parser. In the simplest case, the supertag is encoded as a 1-hot vector that is projected to a dense vector. Secondly, we use a tree-recursive neural network that is given as input the structure of the elementary tree. Thirdly, we use hand-crafted feature vectors that describe the syntactic features of each supertag, and project these to a dense vector. These three representations are learned during the training of a neural network TAG parser with a layer that embeds supertags in a low-dimensional space. Finally, we consider an embedding that is trained only on patterns of linear co-occurrence among supertags. By testing the resulting vector representations on the task of completing syntactic analogies, we show that these vector representations capture syntactically relevant information. While our linguistically-informed embed-dings outperform atomic embeddings on the syntactic analogy task, we ﬁnd that the same embeddings lead to only a slight improvement on the task of TAG parsing, indicating that the neural parser is able to induce useful representations of supertags from the data alone.
A Thermostable Glucoamylase from Bispora sp. MEY-1 with Stability over a Broad pH Range and Significant Starch Hydrolysis Capacity

Background Glucoamylase is an exo-type enzyme that converts starch completely into glucose from the non-reducing ends. To meet the industrial requirements for starch processing, a glucoamylase with excellent thermostability, raw-starch degradation ability and high glucose yield is much needed. In the present study we selected the excellent Carbohydrate-Activity Enzyme (CAZyme) producer, Bispora sp. MEY-1, as the microbial source for glucoamylase gene exploitation. Methodology/Principal Findings A glucoamylase gene (gla15) was cloned from Bispora sp. MEY-1 and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris with a high yield of 34.1 U/ml. Deduced GLA15 exhibits the highest identity of 64.2% to the glucoamylase from Talaromyces (Rasamsonia) emersonii. Purified recombinant GLA15 was thermophilic and showed the maximum activity at 70°C. The enzyme was stable over a broad pH range (2.2–11.0) and at high temperature up to 70°C. It hydrolyzed the breakages of both α-1,4- and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in amylopectin, soluble starch, amylose, and maltooligosaccharides, and had capacity to degrade raw starch. TLC and H1-NMR analysis showed that GLA15 is a typical glucoamylase of GH family 15 that releases glucose units from the non-reducing ends of α-glucans. The combination of Bacillus licheniformis amylase and GLA15 hydrolyzed 96.14% of gelatinized maize starch after 6 h incubation, which was about 9% higher than that of the combination with a commercial glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. Conclusion/Significance GLA15 has a broad pH stability range, high-temperature thermostability, high starch hydrolysis capacity and high expression yield. In comparison with the commercial glucoamylase from A. niger, GLA15 represents a better candidate for application in the food industry including production of glucose, glucose syrups, and high-fructose corn syrups.
Correlates of religious, supernatural and psychosocial causal beliefs about depression among Latino immigrants in primary care

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore causal attributions about depression and to identify psychosocial factors associated with these beliefs among Latino immigrants. We interviewed 177 primary care patients with instruments to assess causal beliefs, depressive and somatic symptoms, ethnic identity and stigma. An exploratory factor analysis of the Causal Beliefs scale yielded three factors, “Balance,” “Psychosocial” and “Malevolent Spirituality/Transgressions” that were used as dependent variables in multivariate analyses. Depressive symptoms, age, country of origin and religiosity were significantly associated with particular factors of causal beliefs. Those with higher education were most likely to endorse psychosocial causal beliefs. Stigma pertained to causal beliefs related to “malevolent forces” and “personal transgressions. ” In conclusion, psychosocial and religious explanations of illness were strongly endorsed by these Latino immigrants, indicating a dual system of Western-medicine and traditional beliefs. These results suggest culturally-specific interventions for improving health knowledge and communication with patients about depression.
Problems Faced by Overseas Research Students

Studying as an overseas research student is a challenging experience. Both overseas students and their supervisors are likely to encounter problems due to differences in culture, language and expectations. The experience of studying overseas can be made easier if the supervisor and especially the student make themselves aware of the problems which can make studying overseas difficult. This essay outlines some of the issues overseas research students may encounter while studying overseas from the viewpoints of both students and supervisors. Although demanding, studying as an overseas research student can ultimately be enlightening and invaluable.
An extension of Aaker’s brand personality model from Islamic perspective: a conceptual study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to browse literature based on Aaker’s brand personality modal and highlight criticism on it. Furthermore, the study proposes an Islamic brand personality modal based on Islamic teachings. Design/methodology/approach – Extensive research on Muslim characteristics based on Qur’an, hadith and scholarly work of traditional and modern scholars has been used to assess Aaker’s model. Expert opinions of faculty members from relevant field are also taken into consideration to propose Islamic brand personality model. Findings – Aaker’s brand personality dimensions have been revised in the light of Islamic teachings. As a result, few pre-existing dimensions have been re-named and several new dimensions such as moral character and trustworthiness are also included. Research limitations/implications – Considering the gap found in literature, the need to conduct brand personality research in the service industry such as Islamic banks is highlighted. Practical implications – Islami.
Enhancing transformational leadership: the roles of training and feedback

Investigated the effect of leadership training and counseling feedback on subordinates’ perceptions of transformational leadership. A total of 40 organizational leaders participated in a 2 (training) × 2 (feedback) design. Data from 180 subordinates showed that both training and feedback resulted in increased subordinate perceptions of leaders’ transformational leadership. Results suggest that both training and feedback are effective means of changing leadership behaviors but that the combination of training and feedback did not result in enhanced transformational leadership.
Enhancing Quality Assurance through Teachers’ Effectiveness

There is the tendency to think that factors of teachers’ effectiveness could be defined in terms of teacher characteristics, his experiences, his cognitive and affective properties, the conditions to which he has to adjust and the characteristics of the school, classroom and student. Although each of these characteristics may contribute to teacher’s success, they are not the substance of effective teaching. A proper conceptualization of teaching and teacher’s effectiveness as a yardstick for quality assurance is necessary for a better understanding of what makes a teacher to be effective. It is believed that observational techniques as a strategy could go a long way in making teacher to be effective. This explains why this paper examined how to enhance quality assurance through teacher’s effectiveness. To achieve this, one hundred primary school teachers were personally observed in their classes for a period of 30 minutes each. The instrument employed was tagged classroom interaction sheet (CIS) which consisted of seven categories (A ‐ G) . Two research hypotheses were postulated and t-test and ANOVA statistical analyses were employed. The results indicated variance in the behavioural categories observed. The observational techniques as a means of enhancing quality assurance therefore are advocated for further studies.
Oestrogen receptor genetics: a needle that cuts through many haystacks?

Oestrogen is known to affect multiple aspects of human health, including complex traits such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, fracture risk, arthritis, behaviour and Alzheimer's disease. Oestrogen receptor α (ESR1), one of two known oestrogen activated transcription factors, is expressed throughout many tissues. It can regulate gene expression by both oestrogen-dependent and oestrogen-independent mechanisms that result in direct or indirect activation of transcription of a wide range of genes. Most of the hundreds of reports of ESR1 genetics published since 1990 have been in areas of cancer biology, bone mineral density, or fracture risk. In the past 3 or 4 years, however, there have been a handful of interesting reports of association of ESR1 polymorphism with cardiovascular disease, its established risk factors, or in relation to response to hormone replacement therapy.1–6 This recent literature, which was both particularly intriguing and inconclusive among women, provided a strong rationale for the investigation by Lawlor et al . 7 These authors carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 3404 women from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. The women were in their 60s or 70s, from 23 towns across Britain; characterization included incident and prevalent coronary heart disease, its risk factors, and use of hormone replacement. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms from the first intron of ESR1 were genotyped in participant DNA samples. The polymorphisms, c454-397T>C and c454-351A>G , … *Corresponding author. fax: +1 617 253 5202. E-mail address : shearman{at}mit.edu
Characterization of the Holliday Junction Resolving Enzyme Encoded by the Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SPP1

Recombination-dependent DNA replication, which is a central component of viral replication restart, is poorly understood in Firmicutes bacteriophages. Phage SPP1 initiates unidirectional theta DNA replication from a discrete replication origin (oriL), and when replication progresses, the fork might stall by the binding of the origin binding protein G38P to the late replication origin (oriR). Replication restart is dependent on viral recombination proteins to synthesize a linear head-to-tail concatemer, which is the substrate for viral DNA packaging. To identify new functions involved in this process, uncharacterized genes from phage SPP1 were analyzed. Immediately after infection, SPP1 transcribes a number of genes involved in recombination and replication from P E2 and P E3 promoters. Resequencing the region corresponding to the last two hypothetical genes transcribed from the P E2 operon (genes 44 and 45) showed that they are in fact a single gene, re-annotated here as gene 44, that encodes a single polypeptide, named gene 44 product (G44P, 27.5 kDa). G44P shares a low but significant degree of identity in its C-terminal region with virus-encoded RusA-like resolvases. The data presented here demonstrate that G44P, which is a dimer in solution, binds with high affinity but without sequence specificity to several double-stranded DNA recombination intermediates. G44P preferentially cleaves Holliday junctions, but also, with lower efficiency, replicated D-loops. It also partially complemented the loss of RecU resolvase activity in B. subtilis cells. These in vitro and in vivo data suggest a role for G44P in replication restart during the transition to concatemeric viral replication.
Social Networking Websites , Personality Ratings , and the Organizational Context : More Than Meets the Eye ?

We examined the psychometric properties of the Big Five personality traits assessed through social networking profiles in 2 studies consisting of 274 and 244 social networking website (SNW) users. First, SNW ratings demonstrated sufficient interrater reliability and internal consistency. Second, ratings via SNWs demonstrated convergent validity with self-ratings of the Big Five traits. Third, SNW ratings correlated with job performance, hirability, and academic performance criteria; and the magnitude of these correlations was generally larger than for self-ratings. Finally, SNW ratings accounted for significant variance in the criterion measures beyond self-ratings of personality and cognitive ability. We suggest that SNWs may provide useful information for potential use in organizational research and practice, taking into consideration various legal and ethical issues. jasp_881 1.30
Afforestation to mitigate climate change: impacts on food prices under consideration of albedo effects

Ambitious climate targets, such as the 2 °C target, are likely to require the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Afforestation is one such mitigation option but could, through the competition for land, also lead to food prices hikes. In addition, afforestation often decreases land-surface albedo and the amount of short-wave radiation reflected back to space, which results in a warming effect. In particular in the boreal zone, such biophysical warming effects following from afforestation are estimated to offset the cooling effect from carbon sequestration. We assessed the food price response of afforestation, and considered the albedo effect with scenarios in which afforestation was restricted to certain latitudinal zones. In our study, afforestation was incentivized by a globally uniform reward for carbon uptake in the terrestrial biosphere. This resulted in large-scale afforestation (2580 Mha globally) and substantial carbon sequestration (860 GtCO2) up to the end of the century. However, it was also associated with an increase in food prices of about 80% by 2050 and a more than fourfold increase by 2100. When afforestation was restricted to the tropics the food price response was substantially reduced, while still almost 60% cumulative carbon sequestration was achieved. In the medium term, the increase in prices was then lower than the increase in income underlying our scenario projections. Moreover, our results indicate that more liberalised trade in agricultural commodities could buffer the food price increases following from afforestation in tropical regions.
New Wine in Old Bottles : Critical Discourse Analysis of the Current Common EU Agricultural Policy Reform Agenda

A critical discourse analysis of two EU agricultural commissioners' speeches in the period 2000–2006 was carried out and substantiated by rational choice theory. The analysis reveals how the latest Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms have been gradually overturning prevailing CAP discourses. The neo-mercantilism discourse that dominated for decades has been replaced by the discourse of multifunctionality. With the change of commissioners in 2004, the emphasis on the multifunctionality discourse has changed. The legitimisation of the CAP with environmental and rural public goods has been replaced by less well-articulated arguments of ‘quality production’ and ‘competitiveness’, implying a gradual move to a neoliberal orientation for the future CAP.
Local Binary Pattern Histogram features for on-screen eye-gaze direction estimation and a comparison of appearance based methods

Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has become an important focus of both computer science researches and industrial applications. And, on-screen gaze estimation is one of the hottest topics in this rapidly growing field. Eye-gaze direction estimation is a sub-research area of on-screen gaze estimation and the number of studies that focused on the estimation of on-screen gaze direction is limited. Due to this, various appearance-based video-oculography methods are investigated in this work. Firstly, a new dataset is created via user images taken from daylight censored cameras located at computer screen. Then, Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH), which is used in this work for the first time to obtain on-screen gaze direction information, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods are employed to extract image features. And, parameter optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) learning methods are adopted in order to estimate on-screen gaze direction. Finally, these methods' abilities to correctly estimate the on-screen gaze direction are compared using the resulting classification accuracies of applied methods and previous works. The best classification accuracy of 96.67% is obtained when using LBPH and SVM method pair which is better than previous works. The results also show that appearance based methods are pretty applicable for estimating on-screen gaze direction.
The Efficacy of Various Kinds of Error Feedback for Improvement in the Writing Accuracy of Iranian EFL Learners

The present study was an attempt to delve further into the effects of different corrective feedback strategies on enhancing learners’ writing accuracy both short and long term. To fulfill the purpose of the study, three classes comprising 67 female students in the context of a public high school in Astara, Iran, were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions; direct feedback with teacher-student 5 minute individual conference; indirect coded feedback and no-feedback. A pre-test ensured that learners are homogeneous regarding their previous grammatical knowledge. The study lasted for 5 weeks. There were immediate and delayed posttests to measure the writing accuracy of learners both short and long term. The results of the short-term test showed the significant superiority of direct feedback in the teacher-student individual conference group over the other groups. In contrast, the learners in the indirect coded feedback group were slightly better than the group that received instruction through direct and teacher-student conference feedback. This suggests that it is beneficial to make use of direct corrective feedback strategies when the short period mastery of the linguistic structures is needed and indirect corrective strategies are proposed when long-term mastery of the grammatical knowledge is the purpose of the educational intervention.
Listeners’ Normalization of Vowel Quality Is Influenced by ‘Restored’ Consonantal Context

Abstract When listeners’ identifications of speech sounds are influenced by adjacent sounds, is it only the quantitative phonetic characteristics of these neighboring sounds that matter, or could their qualitative linguistic identity play a role? We tested this by inducing subjects to ‘restore’ a noise-obliterated medial consonant in VCe utterances by first presenting them with several prior utterances where this medial consonant could be heard clearly and was consistently the same, either a /b/ or a /d/. Included as V were synthetic steady-state vowels from the /i-u/ continuum. More /u/’s were identified out of this continuum in the environment of physically present /d/’s than /b/’s. Restored /d/’s had the same effect, thus indicating that the influence of context need not operate only via physical phonetic features. These results suggest that strict phonetic invariance of phonological units may not be necessary.
Noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C

Hepatic fibrosis is the main determinant of clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis C. Liver histology is frequently considered the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis. However, liver biopsy is associated with sampling error, interobserver variability, and potential complications. Thus, there is a need for simple, inexpensive, and reliable noninvasive means to assess disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinical examination is unreliable in differentiating different stages of compensated liver disease. Among the routine laboratory tests, decreased platelet count, increase in the ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), and prolonged prothrombin time are the earliest indicators of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Individual serum fibrosis markers have limited accuracy in predicting hepatic fibrosis. Indices composed of a panel of markers correlate better with histological fibrosis, but their reliability requires further validation. Currently, noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C relies on clinical evaluation, routine laboratory tests, and ultrasound and endoscopic surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Initial evaluation should focus on assessment of activity and stage of liver disease for prognostication and decisions regarding treatment, and to rule out coinfections and other causes of liver disease. Subsequent follow‐up should focus on detection of liver disease progression and the need for treatment. The frequency of monitoring and the tests used will depend on the patient's age, stage of liver disease, and comorbid conditions. There is an urgent need to develop and validate noninvasive tests that can accurately reflect the full spectrum of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;36:S57–S64).
Glass Ceilings, Glass Parasols and Australian Academic Archaeology

Abstract The ‘glass ceiling’ was a term coined to depict the invisible yet impenetrable barriers met by women seeking to advance to the uppermost levels of the corporate ladder. It is not simply a barrier encountered by an individual, but rather applies to particular groups of people who are kept from advancing as a result of attitudinal and organisational biases and internal systems that operate to the career disadvantage of women and minorities. Within the discipline of archaeology an interest in the status of women in the workplace was a core facet of an emergent archaeology of gender. Much has been accomplished since then, and in the early twenty-first century women are a fundamental part of the archaeological social landscape. But, despite this, have women really achieved equity in the workplace? Or is equity something that still needs to be pursued actively? How do women’s careers shape up when compared to those of men? Does the metaphorical glass ceiling exist in archaeology? Or is it simply a glass parasol that women hold up for themselves? How far have women come since the feminist push of the early 1990s?
A New Fuzzy Lyapunov Approach to Non-Quadratic Stabilization of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models

A New Fuzzy Lyapunov Approach to Non-Quadratic Stabilization of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models In this paper, new non-quadratic stability conditions are derived based on the parallel distributed compensation scheme to stabilize Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. We use a non-quadratic Lyapunov function as a fuzzy mixture of multiple quadratic Lyapunov functions. The quadratic Lyapunov functions share the same membership functions with the T-S fuzzy model. The stability conditions we propose are less conservative and stabilize also fuzzy systems which do not admit a quadratic stabilization. The proposed approach is based on two assumptions. The first one relates to a proportional relation between multiple Lyapunov functions and the second one considers an upper bound to the time derivative of the premise membership functions. To illustrate the advantages of our proposal, four examples are given.
Infectious Disease A Genome-Wide Perspective of Human Diversity and Its Implications in

Subject Collection Bacterial Pathogenesis Bacterial Protein Toxins General Aspects and Recent Advances on Emmanuel Lemichez and Joseph T. Barbieri Epigenetics and Bacterial Infections Cossart Hélène Bierne, Mélanie Hamon and Pascale and Possibilities for Its Control Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Its Role in Virulence Steven T. Rutherford and Bonnie L. Bassler Epithelial Cells: An Updated View in Mammalian Listeria monocytogenes Entry of Pascale Cossart Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Andreas Kühbacher and