Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analogy considered harmful

The computer is like a typewriter. The computer is like a filing cabinet. The computer is a personal servant ready to obey your every command. It is often claimed (e.g., Carroll and Thomas [3], Rumelhart and Norman [7]) that the best way to introduce a new user to a computer system is to draw an analogy between the computer and some situation familiar to the user. Given the analogy, the new user can draw upon his knowledge about the familiar situation in order to reason about the workings of the mysterious new computer system. For example, if the new user wants to understand about how the computer file system works, he need only think about how an office filing cabinet works and then carry over this same way of thinking to the computer file system.
The Size Distribution of Superbubbles in the Interstellar Medium

We use the standard, adiabatic shell evolution to predict the size distribution N(R) for populations of SN-driven superbubbles in a uniform ISM. We derive N(R) for simple cases of superbubble creation rate and mechanical luminosity function. We then compare our predictions for N(R) with the largely complete HI hole catalogue for the SMC, with a view toward the global structure of the ISM in that galaxy. We also present a preliminary derivation for N(v), the distribution of shell expansion velocities.
Practical Considerations for Choosing between Tobit and SCLS or CLAD Estimators for Censored Regression Models with an Application to Charitable Giving

Practical considerations for choosing between Tobit, symmetrically censored least squares (SCLS) and censored least absolute deviations (CLAD) estimators are offered. Practical considerations deal with when a Hausman test is better than a conditional moment test for judging the severity of a misspecification, the need to bootstrap the sampling distributions of the Hausman tests, what to look for in a graphical examination of the residuals and the limited value of SCLS. The practical considerations are applied to a model of the intergenerational transmission of charitable giving using new data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The paper shows how to use relative distribution methods to calculate CLAD-based marginal effects on the observable dependent variable. Copyright (c) Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Department of Economics, University of Oxford, 2008.
Effects of Exercise Training on Cognitive Functioning among Depressed Older Men and Women

The effects of a structured exercise program on the cognitive functioning of 84 clinically depressed middle-aged and older adults (mean age = 57 years) were examined. Participants were randomized to either 4 months of aerobic exercise (n = 42) or antidepressant medication (n = 42). Assessments of cognitive functioning (memory, psychomotor speed, executive functioning, and attention/concentration), depression, and physical fitness (aerobic capacity and exercise endurance) were conducted before and after the intervention. Exercise-related changes (accounting for baseline levels of cognitive functioning and depression) were observed for memory (p = .01) and executive functioning (p = .03). There were no treatment-group differences on tasks measuring either attention/concentration or psychomotor speed. Results indicate that exercise can exert influence on specific areas of cognitive functioning among depressed older adults. Further research is necessary to clarify the kinds of cognitive processes that are aff.
The autonomous world reversed: comparing liberal policy and autonomy in the performing arts

Comparative studies of cultural policy commonly emphasize the way in which states treat the autonomy of the arts. Such studies often claim that liberal states promote autonomy, while social democratic states promote more external, instrumental values, such as solidarity, universalism and equality. This article challenges this conception by claiming that in actual cultural policy-making it is in fact the other way around. Based on a comparative study of theater policy in England, Norway and the Netherlands, I find that the focus on artistic autonomy is surprisingly absent in the liberal state of England, compared to what it is in the social democratic state of Norway. Conversely, English theaters are more obliged to work for, and with, the citizens and the community than theaters in Norway are. In the Netherlands, where recent development in general policy has headed in a liberal direction, artistic autonomy actually appears to be increasingly challenged.
Intra-Aneurysmal Thrombosis as a Possible Cause of Delayed Aneurysm Rupture after Flow-Diversion Treatment

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: FD technology enables reconstructive repair of otherwise difficult-to-treat intracranial aneurysms. These stentlike devices may induce progressive aneurysm thrombosis without additional implants and may initiate complete reverse vessel remodeling. The associated vascular biologic processes are as yet only partially understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 12 different centers, 13 cases of delayed postprocedural aneurysm rupture were recorded and analyzed. Symptom, aneurysm location and morphology, and the time elapsed from treatment until rupture were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 10 internal carotid and 3 basilar artery aneurysms. Mean aneurysm diameter was 22 ± 6 mm. Eleven patients were symptomatic before treatment. A single FD was used for all saccular aneurysms, while fusiform lesions were treated by using multiple devices. A supplementary loose coiling of the aneurysm was performed in 1 patient only. Ten patients developed early aneurysm rupture after FD treatment (mean, 16 days; range, 2–48 days); in 3 patients, rupture occurred 3–5 months after treatment. In all cases, most of the aneurysm cavity was thrombosed before rupture. The biologic mechanisms predisposing to rupture under these conditions are reviewed and discussed CONCLUSIONS: FDs alone may modify hemodynamics in ways that induce extensive aneurysm thrombosis. Under specific conditions, however, instead of reverse remodeling and cicatrization, aggressive thrombus-associated autolysis of the aneurysm wall may result in delayed rupture.
Work values during the transition to adulthood and mid-life satisfaction

This 25-year longitudinal study of a sample of Canadian high school seniors (N = 373) examined pathways from work values at age 18 to mid-life (age 43) career satisfaction and life satisfaction through several possible mediators: age 25 and 32 work values, months of postsecondary education (PSE) by age 25, and age 43 work rewards. Gender and parents’ PSE were also examined as influences on pathways to mid-life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling found support for one pathway beginning with intrinsic work values in high school (age 18 intrinsic work values→age 25 intrinsic work values→age 32 intrinsic work values→age 43 intrinsic work rewards→age 43 career and life satisfaction). Another pathway began with parents’ PSE (parents’ PSE→participants’ age 25 PSE→age 43 intrinsic work rewards→age 43 career and life satisfaction). Extrinsic work values from age 18 to 32 were not related to age 43 work rewards or career and life satisfaction. These findings indicate that adolescent work values matter for important mid-life outcomes, intrinsic work values are stronger predictors of adaptive outcomes than are extrinsic work values, and PSE plays a vital cross-generational role in shaping mid-life satisfaction.
p 53 expression in the gastric mucosa of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital General Regional No. 1 “Dr. Carlos MacGregor Sánchez Navarro”, IMS, Mexico City, Mexico Pathology Department, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico Pathology Department, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital Juárez de México, SSA, Mexico City, Mexico Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital Ángeles Lindavista, Mexico City, Mexico Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General de Atizapán, SSA, State of Mexico, Mexico
The Job Demand-Control-Support Model: A Review of Empirical Research

The job demand-control-support(JDCS) model has been an influential organizational stress model in the area of occupational stress research,which involves extensively empirical researches in various countries.We summarize and analyze related JDCD researches in the past 30 years in three aspects:the applicability of the JDCS model,the exploration of interrelated variables,and the development of the JDCS model.It is found that the current JDCS model presents a satisfactory level of applicability and comprehensiveness.However,there is still a need for future research on both the development of JDCS model itself and the JCQ which is based on JDCS model.
Understanding the concept of a “good death” among bereaved family caregivers of cancer patients in Singapore

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the concept of a good death from the perspectives of both the dying person and the family caregiver, as perceived by bereaved family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. Method: The data were gathered from five focus group discussions and one face-to-face qualitative interview conducted over 8 months among 18 bereaved family caregivers recruited from a local hospice. The transcripts of the focus groups and the interview were entered into NVivo Version 8 and were analyzed using the thematic approach. Results: A good death may be understood as having the biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects of life handled well at the end of life. Five major themes were identified. These were preparation for death, family and social relationships, moments at or near death, comfort and physical care, and spiritual well-being. Differences were also noted in what is important at the end of life between the patients and caregivers. Having a quick death with little suffering was perceived to be good by the patient, but the family caregiver wanted to be able to say a final goodbye to the patient. Patients tend to prefer not to die in their children's presence but the children wished to be present for the final moment. In addition, family caregivers reported it was important for them to be able to give the patients permission to die, to feel recognized for the efforts made, and to have had a fulfilling caregiving experience. Significance of results: Whereas there are global attributes of a good death, our findings suggest that patients and family caregivers may define a good death differently. Therefore, there is a need to respect, address, and reconcile the differences, so that all parties may have a good experience at the end of a person's life.
Representing membership functions as points in high-dimensional spaces for fuzzy interpolation and extrapolation

This paper introduces a new approach for fuzzy interpolation and extrapolation of sparse rule base comprising of membership functions with finite number of characteristic points. The approach calls for representing membership functions as points in high-dimensional Cartesian spaces using the locations of their characteristic points as coordinates. Hence, a fuzzy rule base can be viewed as a set of mappings between the antecedent and consequent spaces and the interpolation and extrapolation problem becomes searching for an image in the consequent space upon given an antecedent observation. The present approach divides observations into two groups: 1) observations within the antecedent spanning set contain the same geometric properties as the given antecedents; and 2) observations lying outside the antecedent spanning set contain new geometric properties beyond those of the given rules. Heuristic reasoning must therefore be applied. In this case, a two-step approach with certain flexibility to accommodate additional criteria and design objectives is formulated.
Loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function produces abnormalities in tracheal development in neonatal pigs and young children.

RATIONALE Although airway abnormalities are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), it is unknown whether they are all secondary to postnatal infection and inflammation, which characterize the disease. OBJECTIVES To learn whether loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) might affect major airways early in life, before the onset of inflammation and infection. METHODS We studied newborn CFTR⁻(/)⁻ pig trachea, using computed tomography (CT) scans, pathology, and morphometry. We retrospectively analyzed trachea CT scans in young children with CF and also previously published data of infants with CF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We discovered three abnormalities in the porcine CF trachea. First, the trachea and mainstem bronchi had a uniformly small caliber and cross-sections of trachea were less circular than in controls. Second, trachealis smooth muscle had an altered bundle orientation and increased transcripts in a smooth muscle gene set. Third, submucosal gland units occurred with similar frequency in the mucosa of CF and control airways, but CF submucosal glands were hypoplastic and had global reductions in tissue-specific transcripts. To learn whether any of these changes occurred in young patients with CF, we examined CT scans from children 2 years of age and younger, and found that CF tracheas were less circular in cross-section, but lacked differences in lumen area. However, analysis of previously published morphometric data showed reduced tracheal lumen area in neonates with CF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in newborn CF pigs and young patients with CF suggest that airway changes begin during fetal life and may contribute to CF pathogenesis and clinical disease during postnatal life.
Understanding the graphical challenges faced by vision-impaired students in Australian universities

ABSTRACT Information graphics such as plots, maps, plans, charts, tables and diagrams form an integral part of the student learning experience in many disciplines. However, for a vision impaired student accessing such graphical materials can be problematic. This research seeks to understand the current state of accessible graphics provision in Australian higher education. We conducted an online survey of 71 vision-impaired university students and semi-structured interviews with 44 key stakeholders (students, academics, disability liaison officers and accessible graphics providers). We found that difficulty in accessing graphical materials was a barrier to many vision-impaired students and that there were systemic problems with current processes for accessible graphics provision. Recommendations are made on ways to address these concerns in order to provide a more equitable higher education experience.
Power control and spreading sequence allocation in a CDMA forward link

In this paper, we consider power control and sequence allocation to meet signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) targets for users in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) forward link. Particular attention is given to the case when the number of users is larger than the spreading gain. Users in the system are classified into two classes, namely, overfaded users and nonoverfaded users, according to their effective noise densities and SIR targets. Overfaded users are allocated orthogonal channels, and nonoverfaded users share the remaining channels. The spreading sequences allocated belong to the class of sequences which minimize the extended total squared correlation (ETSC). Power efficiency of this allocation scheme is examined through comparison to Lagrangian-based searching results. The proposed allocation scheme is shown to be effective under most channel conditions. Two adaptive algorithms are presented to construct the spreading sequences iteratively. One assumes fixed power allocation and adapts the sequences only, and the other adapts both transmission powers and sequences simultaneously. Convergence of the two adaptive algorithms and the performance of joint transmitter-receiver adaptation with imperfect real-time channel parameters estimation are examined via computer simulations.
Machine Learning based Question Classification Methods in the Question Answering Systems

The Question Answering Systems (QASs) use method of information retrieval and Information extraction to retrieves documents that contain special answers to the question. One of the existence problems is finding the desired information from this very high variety. For this reason, it is necessary to find ways for organizing, classification and retrieving of information. Question classification plays an important role in providing a correct answer on QASs because giving a bunch of formulated questions to provide the correct answer from among the many documents will be highly effective. The aim of classification is selecting suitable label for questions based on the expected response. In this paper, we investigate the effect of automatically classifying questions on machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we will explain different types of algorithms and compare and evaluate them and next we will investigate the existence algorithms' weakness and advantage in question classification. As a result, in the past most classification was done based on sets of words that many studies show that to maximize the efficiency of the classification of algorithms we require semantics and in the questions we should looking for feature that be close to the meaning of questions. A great deal of research proposed to analysis and to classify emotions and to extract knowledge from them and to classify them using semantic and linguistic knowledge but it still requires a lot of research and development.
Urinary albumin excretion rate is correlated with severity of coronary artery disease in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the main complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus; its incidence is closely related to microalbuminuria. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the urinary albumin excretion rate and the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS A total of 612 hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 60 years or older, who were given coronary angiography for diagnosis of possible coronary heart disease, participated. Their urinary albumin excretion rate was measured, and the severity of coronary artery stenosis was quantified with the Gensini scoring system to analyze the incidence of coronary heart disease and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The optimal urinary albumin excretion rate predictive value for coronary heart disease incidence in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was determined. RESULTS The incidence of coronary heart disease, the number of patients with coronary vascular disease and the Gensini scores were significantly different between the microalbuminuria group and the normal albuminuria group (P < 0.05). The urinary albumin excretion rate was independently correlated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (odds ratio (OR) = 1.058, P < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.036 - 1.080). Urinary albumin excretion rate and the Gensini score were independently correlated in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (β = 0.476, P < 0.0001). The best predictive value of urinary albumin excretion rate was 10.45 µg/min for elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The area under the curve was 0.764, with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.0% and 72.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of coronary heart disease in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria was higher than that in patients with normal albuminuria, and the severity of the disease also increased in patients with microalbuminuria. In elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, urinary albumin excretion rate was positively correlated with the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease and was also an independent factor contributing to coronary heart disease.
When the Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Disappears: Characterisation of the Memory Profile

Background/ObjectivesSubjects affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may improve during the observation period. This is the first study investigating qualitative features of memory deficits in subjects affected by reversible MCI [reversible cognitive impairment (RCI)]. MethodsBaseline cognitive and memory performances of 18 subjects affected by amnestic MCI who had normalized cognitive performances at follow-ups were compared with those of 76 amnestic MCI subjects who still showed impaired cognitive performances at the 24-month follow-up (MCI) and with those of a group of 87 matched control subjects (normal controls). ResultsCompared with normal controls the memory deficit in the MCI group affected all aspects of explicit long-term memory functioning; in the RCI group, instead, the memory deficit only affected the free recall of verbal material, particularly when the encoding could be improved by the use of semantic strategies. ConclusionsThese results are consistent with the view that the memory deficit in the MCI group is due to a very early degenerative pathology; in the RCI group, instead, a transitory reduction of processing resources, resulting a poor encoding of incoming material, is likely at the origin of the reversible memory disorder.
A STUDY OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE JOB SATISFACTION OF BEGINNING TEACHERS

Factors associated with teacher satisfaction among beginning teachers are investigated in a survey of 468 former students of a teacher education college who had spent between 6 and 18 months in the classroom. The survey identified school support, perceived self-efficacy, and curricular competence as important factors. Pre-entry characteristics, including quality of degree, were not. Neither was the grade level at which teachers were teaching. Teachers in smaller schools expressed higher levels of satisfaction. Teachers in schools serving disadvantaged communities did not differ from teachers in other schools in their reported level of satisfaction. However, the patterns of association with satisfaction differed in schools serving students in disadvantaged locations and in schools in other locations. Identification of influences on job satisfaction among teachers would seem important at a time of concern with the recruitment and retention of high calibre teachers in the education system (Coolahan & Murphy, 2003). Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence that when teachers feel good about their work, pupil achievement improves (Spear, Gould & Lee, 2000). The study described in this paper focused on beginning teachers in an attempt to identify factors associated with levels of satisfaction. The factors investigated included academic background, grade level taught, school type, as well as personal and social factors.