Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIONAL RESPONDING TO A TRANSPOSITION OF RELEVANT VERBALIZATIONS AND TASK AS A FUNCTION FEEDBACK

This study investigated, the effects of pretransposition verbalizations upon subsequent transposition behavior and. posttransposition verbalizations of first-grade chil­ dren. The investigator found, that children who correctly verbalized, relational aspects of the stimuli following a transposition task had more relational responses to the transposition task than children who did not correctly verbalize or failed, to verbalize at all. It was also found that pretransposition training on a discrimination task until the children verbalized the relational aspects of the stimuli did not necessarily facilitate subsequent relational responding to a transposition task or posttransposition verbalizations. The results also indicated, that a concrete and. nonverbal task of reconstructing cards representing training stimuli facilitated, subsequent relational respond.ing to the transposition task. Finally, it was found, that verbal feedback by the experimenter to the children indi­ cating that the children's pretransposition verbalizations of the relational aspects of the stimuli were correct did not facilitate subsequent transposition behavior. The results were discussed, in terms of the integration of verbal symbolic processes and overt nonverbal responses, perceptual mediation, and. the development of language. vi
Thermal-driven analog placement considering device matching

With the thermal effect, improper analog placements may degrade circuit performance because the thermal impact from power devices can affect electrical characteristics of the thermally-sensitive devices. There is not much previous work that considers the desired placement configuration between power and thermally-sensitive devices for a better thermal profile to reduce the thermally-induced mismatches. In this paper, we first introduce the properties of a desired thermal profile for better thermal matching of the matched devices. We then propose a thermal-driven analog placement methodology to achieve the desired thermal profile and to consider the best device matching under the thermal profile while satisfying the symmetry and the common-centroid constraints. Experimental results based on real analog circuits show that our approach can achieve the best analog circuit performance/accuracy with the least impact due to the thermal gradient, among existing works.
SemEval-2017 Task 2: Multilingual and Cross-lingual Semantic Word Similarity

This paper introduces a new task on Multilingual and Cross-lingual SemanticThis paper introduces a new task on Multilingual and Cross-lingual Semantic Word Similarity which measures the semantic similarity of word pairs within and across five languages: English, Farsi, German, Italian and Spanish. High quality datasets were manually curated for the five languages with high inter-annotator agreements (consistently in the 0.9 ballpark). These were used for semi-automatic construction of ten cross-lingual datasets. 17 teams participated in the task, submitting 24 systems in subtask 1 and 14 systems in subtask 2. Results show that systems that combine statistical knowledge from text corpora, in the form of word embeddings, and external knowledge from lexical resources are best performers in both subtasks. More information can be found on the task website: http://alt.qcri. org/semeval2017/task2/
The impact of mild traumatic brain injury on neuronal networks and neurobehavior

Despite its enormous incidence, mild traumatic brain injury is not well understood. One aspect that needs more definition is how the mechanical energy during injury affects neural circuit function. Recent developments in cellular imaging probes provide an opportunity to assess the dynamic state of neural networks with single-cell resolution. In this dissertation, we developed imaging methods to assess the state of dissociated cortical networks exposed to mild injury. We probed the microarchitecture of an injured cortical circuit subject to two different injury levels, mild stretch (10% peak) and mild/moderate (35%). We found that mild injury produced a transient increase in calcium activity that dissipated within 1 h after injury. Alternatively, mild/moderate mechanical injury produced immediate disruption in network synchrony, loss in excitatory tone, and increased modular topology, suggesting a threshold for repair and degradation. The more significant changes in network behavior at moderate stretch are influenced by NMDA receptor activation and subsequent proteolytic changes in the neuronal populations. With the ability to analyze individual neurons in a circuit before and after injury, we identified several biomarkers that confer increased risk or protection from mechanical injury. We found that pre-injury connectivity and NMDA receptor subtype composition (NR2A and NR2B content) are important predictors of node loss and remodeling. Mechanistically, stretch injury caused a reduction in voltage-dependent Mg2+ block of the NR2B-cotaning NMDA receptors, resulting in increased uncorrelated activity both at the single channel and network level. The reduced coincidence detection of the NMDA receptor and overactivation of these receptors further impaired network function and plasticity. Given the demonstrated link between NR2B-NMDARs and mitochondrial dysfunction, we discovered that neuronal de-integration from the network is mediated through mitochondrial signaling. Finally, we bridged these network level studies with an investigation of changes in neurobehavior following blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), a form of mild TBI. We first developed and validated an open-source toolbox for automating the scoring of several common behavior tasks to study the deficits that occur following bTBI. We then specifically evaluated the role of neuronal transcription factor Elk-1 in mediating deficits following blast by exposing Elk-1 knockout mouse to equivalent blast pressure loading. Our systems-level behavior analysis showed that bTBI creates a complex change in behavior, with an increase in anxiety and loss of habituation in object recognition. Moreover, we found these behavioral deficits were eliminated in Elk-1 knockout animals exposed to blast loading. Together, we merged information from different perspectives (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) and length scales (single channels, single-cells, networks, and animals) to study the impact of mild traumatic brain injury on neuronal networks and neurobehavior.
Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature

The 11-year solar cycles in ozone and temperature are examined using newsimulations of coupled chemistry climate models. The results show a secondary maximumin stratospheric tropical ozone, in agreement with satellite observations and in contrastwith most previously published simulations. The mean model response varies by upto about 2.5% in ozone and 0.8 K in temperature during a typical solar cycle, at the lowerend of the observed ranges of peak responses. Neither the upper atmospheric effectsof energetic particles nor the presence of the quasi biennial oscillation is necessaryto simulate the lower stratospheric response in the observed low latitude ozoneconcentration. Comparisons are also made between model simulations and observed totalcolumn ozone. As in previous studies, the model simulations agree well with observations.For those models which cover the full temporal range 1960–2005, the ozone solarsignal below 50 hPa changes substantially from the first two solar cycles to the last twosolar cycles. Further investigation suggests that this difference is due to an aliasingbetween the sea surface temperatures and the solar cycle during the first part of the period.The relationship between these results and the overall structure in the tropical solarozone response is discussed. Further understanding of solar processes requiresimprovement in the observations of the vertically varying and column integrated ozone.
Dissolvable and Biodegradable Resistive Switching Memory Based on Magnesium Oxide

In this letter, dissolvable and biodegradable resistive switching devices with a cell structure of Mg/MgO/Mg were demonstrated. Electrical tests demonstrated good memory characteristics for nonvolatile application. The dissolution rate of Mg and MgO is characterized in deionized (DI) water and in phosphate-buffered saline solution, with clear difference, 0.36, 1.25, 0.057, and 0.13 nm/s, respectively. The Mg/MgO/Mg devices on silk fibroin substrates are able to be completely dissolved as fast as 30 min while immersed in DI water. The Mg/MgO/Mg devices have excellent prospects for the applications in transient electronics, secure memory systems, and implantable medical therapy devices.
Phytoremediation of Arsenic Contaminated Soil by Pteris Vittata L. II. Effect on Arsenic Uptake and Rice Yield

A greenhouse experiment evaluated the effect of phytoextraction of arsenic from a contaminated soil by Chinese Brake Fern (Pteris vittata L.) and its subsequent effects on growth and uptake of arsenic by rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. Pteris vittata was grown for one or two growing cycles of four months each with two phosphate sources, using single super phosphate (SSP) and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). Rice was grown on phytoextracted soils followed by measurements of biomass yield (grain, straw, and root), arsenic concentration and, uptake by individual plant parts. The biomass yield (grain, straw and rice) of rice was highest in soil phytoextracted with Pteris vittata grown for two cycles and fertilized with diammonium phosphate (DAP). Total arsenic uptake in contaminated soil ranged from 8.2 to 16.9 mg pot−1 in first growing cycle and 5.5 to 12.0 mg pot−1 in second growing cycle of Pteris vittata. There was thus a mean reduction of 52% in arsenic content of rice grain after two growing cycle of Pteris vittata and 29% after the one growing cycle. The phytoextraction of arsenic contaminated soil by Pteris vittata was beneficial for growing rice resulted in decreased arsenic content in rice grain of <1 ppm. There was a mean improvement in rice grain yield 14% after two growing cycle and 8% after the one growing cycle of brake fern.
On the Automatic Generation of Test Programs for Path-Delay Faults in Microprocessor Cores

Delay testing is mandatory for guaranteeing the correct behavior of today's high-performance microprocessors. Several methodologies have been proposed to tackle this issue resorting to additional hardware or to software self test techniques. Software techniques are particularly promising as they resort to Assembly programs in normal mode of operation, without requiring circuit modifications; however, the problem of generating effective and efficient test programs for path- delay fault detection is still open. This paper presents an innovative approach for the generation of path-delay self-test programs for microprocessors, based on an evolutionary algorithm and on ad-hoc software simulation/hardware emulation heuristic techniques. Experimental results show how the proposed methodology allows generating suitable test programs in reasonable times.
RUL Prediction of Deteriorating Products Using an Adaptive Wiener Process Model

Degradation modeling plays an important role in system health diagnosis and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction. Recently, a class of Wiener process models with adaptive drift was proposed for degradation-based RUL prediction, which has been proven flexible and effective. However, the existing studies use an autoregressive model of order 1 for the adaptive drift, which can result in difficulties in both model estimation and RUL prediction. This paper proposes a new adaptive Wiener process model that utilizes a Brownian motion for the adaptive drift. The new model shares the flexibility of the existing models, but avoids the difficulties in model estimation and RUL prediction. A model estimation procedure based on maximum likelihood estimation is developed, and the RUL prediction based on the proposed model is formulated. The effectiveness of the model in RUL prediction is validated using simulation and through an application to the lithium-ion battery degradation data.
Growth and development of an infant receiving all nutrients exclusively by vein.

An infant weighing 2,300 gm (5 lb 1 oz) with atresia of the small bowel from the ligament of Treitz to within 3 cm of the ileocecal junction, and partial atresia of the colon, declined postoperatively to 1,816 gm (4 lb) despite vigorous but conventional supportive care. A 30% solution containing all required nitrogen, calories, and essential nutrients was then infused continuously into the superior vena cava for 44 days when gastrointestinal dysfunction precluded enteral feeding. During the period when nutrition was given entirely intravenously, normal growth and development accompanied increases of 5.0 cm (1.9 in) in head circumference, 6.3 cm (2.5 in) in length, and 1,447 gm (3 lb 3 oz) in weight.
Development of Underwater Short-Range Sensor Using Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation

In this paper, we discuss a novel underwater short-range sensor using electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation. We use the revised Friis-Shelkunoff formula to calculate the EM wave attenuation underwater as a function of distance. This requires knowledge of the antenna gain underwater, which is very different from the gain in air, and also the attenuation constant which depends on the water conductivity. We calibrated the gain and attenuation in a ranging experiment and also in a 2-D localization experiment. Both methods agreed, confirming that in situ calibration of a 2-D localization experiment is feasible. The localization results show good accuracy, validating the sensor model and showing that multipath effects can be made negligible in such an experiment.
Congestion Adaptive Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobility, channel error, and congestion are the main causes for packet loss in mobile ad hoc networks. Reducing packet loss typically involves congestion control operating on top of a mobility and failure adaptive routing protocol at the network layer. In the current designs, routing is not congestion-adaptive. Routing may let a congestion happen which is detected by congestion control, but dealing with congestion in this reactive manner results in longer delay and unnecessary packet loss and requires significant overhead if a new route is needed. This problem becomes more visible especially in large-scale transmission of heavy traffic such as multimedia data, where congestion is more probable and the negative impact of packet loss on the service quality is of more significance. We argue that routing should not only be aware of, but also be adaptive to, network congestion. Hence, we propose a routing protocol (CRP) with such properties. Our ns-2 simulation results confirm that CRP improves the packet loss rate and end-to-end delay while enjoying significantly smaller protocol overhead and higher energy efficiency as compared to AODV and DSR
Cleaning up the Chicken Coop of Sentencing Uniformity: Guiding the Discretion of Federal Prosecutors through the use of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct

The practical result of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines has been the vast accretion of prosecutorial discretion. Because of the determinate nature of the new sentencing system, decisions about how to charge a crime have become, in many cases, tantamount to imposing the actual sentence. The increased importance in prosecutorial charging decisions has, in turn, enabled the prosecutor to determine the parameters of plea bargaining before the negotiations have even started. In addition, relevant conduct not proven at trial can be admitted, to enhance a sentence, at the prosecutor's discretion at the sentencing hearing under a less-pressing preponderance of the evidence standard. Finally, the prosecutor exercises unfettered discretion regarding whether to file substantial assistance motions with the court to recognize a defendant's assistance. The unsurprising effect of the accumulation of unguided discretion may be the defeat of the principal purpose for the Guidelines: increased fairness and uniformity in federal sentencing for similarly situated offenders. Federal prosecutors lack ethical guidance as to how to exercise their newly found discretion. Although the Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Model Rules) address the special responsibilities of prosecutors, the duties imposed primarily concern pretrial procedures; for other areas of prosecutorial responsibility, the Model Rules prescribe only a general do justice principle. The Department of Justice (DOJ), which has authority over individual Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSAs), has also failed to implement effective regulations, and the American Bar Association's recently revised Standards for Criminal Justice: The Prosecution Function (ABA Standards) are merely advisory and seem to have little influence on prosecutorial behavior. This lack of guidance has left a vacuum, which, if not filled, might lead federal prosecutors to follow their own notions of justice at the cost of fairness and uniformity in sentencing. This Note argues that a specific Model Rule of Professional Conduct should be promulgated to apply to federal prosecutor's charging decisions.
MR Volumetry of Hippocampus in Normal Adult Malay of Age 50 Years Old and Above.

BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume is affected by several psychiatric illnesses of old age, as well as by normal aging. It is important to have a normal data in a population to assist in diagnosis. The aim of this study is to determine hippocampal volume in normal Malay people aged 50 years old and older. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of the normal Malay population aged 50 to 77 years. We included 43 participants, representing 19 men and 24 women. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a GE Signa Horizon LX 1.0 Tesla. Oblique coronal images of temporal lobes were obtained and hippocampal volumetry was done manually and normalised with intracranial volume. RESULTS Mean right and left hippocampal volumes (HCVs) were 3.43 cm³ (SD 0.32) and 3.26 cm³ (SD 0.34), with a significant difference between them (P < 0.001). Total mean HCVs exhibited no significant difference between men and women (P = 0.234). The means of the normalised right and left HCVs were 3.42 cm³ (SD 0.31) and 3.26 cm³ (SD 0.32). CONCLUSION The mean right and left hippocampal volumes were significantly different in this study. Men had slightly larger mean HCVs but the difference was not statistically significant. It was found that normalisation further reduces the mean volume difference between the genders.
Semantic trajectory mining for location prediction

Research on predicting movements of mobile users has attracted a lot of attentions in recent years. Many of those prediction techniques are developed based only on geographic features of mobile users' trajectories. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for predicting the next location of a user's movement based on both the geographic and semantic features of users' trajectories. The core idea of our prediction model is based on a novel cluster-based prediction strategy which evaluates the next location of a mobile user based on the frequent behaviors of similar users in the same cluster determined by analyzing users' common behavior in semantic trajectories. Through a comprehensive evaluation by experiments, our proposal is shown to deliver excellent performance.
Granulin Knock Out Zebrafish Lack Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Pathology

Loss of function mutations in granulin (GRN) are linked to two distinct neurological disorders, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). It is so far unknown how a complete loss of GRN in NCL and partial loss of GRN in FTLD can result in such distinct diseases. In zebrafish, there are two GRN homologues, Granulin A (Grna) and Granulin B (Grnb). We have generated stable Grna and Grnb loss of function zebrafish mutants by zinc finger nuclease mediated genome editing. Surprisingly, the grna and grnb single and double mutants display neither spinal motor neuron axonopathies nor a reduced number of myogenic progenitor cells as previously reported for Grna and Grnb knock down embryos. Additionally, grna−/−;grnb−/− double mutants have no obvious FTLD- and NCL-related biochemical and neuropathological phenotypes. Taken together, the Grna and Grnb single and double knock out zebrafish lack any obvious morphological, pathological and biochemical phenotypes. Loss of zebrafish Grna and Grnb might therefore either be fully compensated or only become symptomatic upon additional challenge.
High-order Godunov schemes for global 3D MHD simulations of accretion disks. I. Testing the linear growth of the magneto-rotational instability

We assess the suitability of various numerical MHD algorithms for astrophysical accretion disk simulations with the PLUTO code. The well-studied linear growth of the magneto-rotational instability is used as the benchmark test for a comparison between the implementations within PLUTO and against the ZeusMP code. The results demonstrate the importance of using an upwind reconstruction of the electro-motive force (EMF) in the context of a constrained transport scheme, which is consistent with plane-parallel, grid-aligned flows. In contrast, constructing the EMF from the simple average of the Godunov fluxes leads to a numerical instability and the unphysical growth of the magnetic energy. We compare the results from 3D global calculations using different MHD methods against the analytical solution for the linear growth of the MRI, and discuss the effect of numerical dissipation. The comparison identifies a robust and accurate code configuration that is vital for realistic modeling of accretion disk processes.
Change in Perfusion in Acute Nondominant Hemisphere Stroke May Be Better Estimated by Tests of Hemispatial Neglect Than by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

Background and Purpose— It has been reported that National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores correlate poorly with hypoperfused tissue measured by perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in nondominant hemisphere stroke. We conducted 2 studies to determine whether tests of hemispatial neglect provide a better measure of hypoperfusion and reperfusion than NIHSS in nondominant hemisphere stroke. Methods— In study 1, 74 patients with acute ischemic, supratentorial stroke were administered the NIHSS, tests of neglect or aphasia, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and PWI on day 1 (<24 hours from onset) of stroke. Pearson correlations between volumes of PWI/DWI abnormality and functional tests were calculated. In study 2, 10 patients with acute, nondominant hemisphere stroke who were candidates for intervention to restore perfusion underwent PWI, DWI, NIHSS, and a line cancellation test on days 1 and 3. Correlations between change in volumes of PWI/DWI abnormality and change in functional tests were calculated. Results— In study 1, in nondominant hemisphere stroke, volume of PWI abnormality correlated significantly with neglect scores (r =0.71; P <0.002) but not with NIHSS scores (r =0.39; P =NS). In dominant hemisphere stroke, volume of PWI abnormality correlated better with aphasia scores (r =0.50; P =0.0001) than with NIHSS scores (r =0.45; P =0.001). In study 2, change in volume of hypoperfused tissue on PWI correlated with change in line cancellation performance (r =0.83; P =0.003) but not with change in NIHSS score (r =0.26; P =NS). Conclusions— Tests of hemispatial neglect may better reflect dysfunction and reperfusion than NIHSS for patients with nondominant hemisphere stroke.