Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repeatability and relative validity of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire among French adults

Background A 50-item self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed for French adults, to assess the intake of energy, 10 macronutrients, 11 vitamins, and 11 minerals, and to be used in the context of a medical consultation. Objective To assess the repeatability and relative validity of this FFQ compared to a 7-day diet record (7-DR). Design A total of 54 and 100 French adults were included in the repeatability and validation studies, respectively. Repeatability was assessed using two FFQs, the second carried out 3 weeks after the first. In the validation study, subjects first completed the FFQ, then the 7-DR the following week. Energy and nutrient intakes were compared using Pearson correlation. The degree of misclassification by the FFQ, compared to the 7-DR, was calculated by a contingency table of quintiles. Bland–Altman plots assessed the correlation between FFQ and 7-DR across the intake range. Results Repeatability for intake, explored by Pearson correlation, was 0.62–0.90 (median: 0.81). Relative validity, as determined by Pearson correlation for the nutrient intake derived from the FFQ and 7-DR, was 0.36–0.80 (0.64). The FFQ tended to report higher fiber and micronutrient intake than 7-DR. Misclassification into opposite quintiles ranged 0–6% (1%), whereas classification into same or adjacent quintiles ranged 59–83% (74%). Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement for most nutrients across the range of intake. Conclusion This new FFQ showed a high repeatability and good relative validity, and thanks to its short length, should be a useful tool for rapidly evaluating the nutrient intake of French adults.
Study of Lower Bound Functions for MAX-2-SAT

Recently. several lower bound functions are proposed for solving the MAX-2-SAT problem optimally in a branch-and-bound algorithm. These lower bounds improve significantly the performance of these algorithms. Based on the study of these lower bound functions, we propose a new, linear-time lower bound function. We show that the new lower bound function is admissible and it is consistently and substantially better than other known lower bound functions. The result of this study is a high-performance implementation of an exact algorithm for MAX-2-SAT which outperforms any implementation of the same class.
High-Intensity Interval Training Attenuates Insulin Resistance Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Males

Introduction: Sleep deprivation can impair several physiological systems and recently, new evidence has pointed to the relationship between a lack of sleep and carbohydrate metabolism, consequently resulting in insulin resistance. To minimize this effect, High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is emerging as a potential strategy. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on insulin resistance induced by sleep deprivation. Method: Eleven healthy male volunteers were recruited, aged 18–35 years, who declared taking 7–8 h sleep per night. All volunteers were submitted to four different conditions: a single night of regular sleep (RS condition), 24 h of total sleep deprivation (SD condition), HIIT training followed by regular sleep (HIIT+RS condition), and HIIT training followed by 24 h of total sleep deprivation (HIIT+SD condition). They performed six training sessions over 2 weeks and each session consisted of 8–12 × 60 s intervals at 100% of peak power output. In each experimental condition, tests for glucose, insulin, cortisol, free fatty acids, and insulin sensitivity, measured by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were performed. Results: Sleep deprivation increased glycaemia and insulin levels, as well as the area under the curve. Furthermore, an increase in free fatty acids concentrations and basal metabolism was observed. There were no differences in the concentrations of cortisol. However, HIIT before 24 h of sleep deprivation attenuated the increase of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids. Conclusion: Twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation resulted in acute insulin resistance. However, HIIT is an effective strategy to minimize the deleterious effects promoted by this condition.
Are We Becoming More Socially Awkward? An Analysis of the Relationship Between Technological Communication Use and Social Skills in College Students.

This study examined the relationship between the use of technological communication and social skills in college students. A total of 112 male and female undergraduate students at Connecticut College were surveyed about their social skills, social anxiety, technology use, and technology preference. Sixteen of these participants returned to participate in a conversation taking place in a lab setting that was observed by the researcher, in order to evaluate non-verbal social skills. We predicted that participants who used technological communication more frequently or preferred it to face-to-face communication, would have lower social skills and high social anxiety. In addition, women were expected to use technological communication more than men. A series of analyses provided support for the first hypothesis. Ultimately, communication preference strongly correlated with poor social skills and high social anxiety, while a greater restriction of technology in youth correlated with high social skills in college. Implications for the impact of technological communication on social skills were
Risk of microalbuminuria and progression to macroalbuminuria in a cohort with childhood onset type 1 diabetes: prospective observational study

Objectives To describe independent predictors for the development of microalbuminuria and progression to macroalbuminuria in those with childhood onset type 1 diabetes. Design Prospective observational study with follow-up for 9.8 (SD 3.8) years. Setting Oxford regional prospective study. Participants 527 participants with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes at mean age 8.8 (SD 4.0) years. Main outcome measures Annual measurement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and assessment of urinary albumin:creatinine ratio. Results Cumulative prevalence of microalbuminuria was 25.7% (95% confidence interval 21.3% to 30.1%) after 10 years of diabetes and 50.7% (40.5% to 60.9%) after 19 years of diabetes and 5182 patient years of follow-up. The only modifiable adjusted predictor for microalbuminuria was high HbA1c concentrations (hazard ratio per 1% rise in HbA1c 1.39, 1.27 to 1.52). Blood pressure and history of smoking were not predictors. Microalbuminuria was persistent in 48% of patients. Cumulative prevalence of progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria was 13.9% (12.9% to 14.9%); progression occurred at a mean age of 18.5 (5.8) years. Although the sample size was small, modifiable predictors of macroalbuminuria were higher HbA1c levels and both persistent and intermittent microalbuminuria (hazard ratios 1.42 (1.22 to 1.78), 27.72 (7.99 to 96.12), and 8.76 (2.44 to 31.44), respectively). Conclusion In childhood onset type 1 diabetes, the only modifiable predictors were poor glycaemic control for the development of microalbuminuria and poor control and microalbuminuria (both persistent and intermittent) for progression to macroalbuminuria. Risk for macroalbuminuria is similar to that observed in cohorts with adult onset disease but as it occurs in young adult life early intervention in normotensive adolescents might be needed to improve prognosis.
Efficacy and safety of the biosimilar ABP 501 compared with adalimumab in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, phase III equivalence study

Objectives ABP 501 is a Food and Drug Administration-approved biosimilar to adalimumab; structural, functional and pharmacokinetic evaluations have shown that the two are highly similar. We report results from a phase III study comparing efficacy, safety and immunogenicity between ABP 501 and adalimumab. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, active comparator-controlled, 26-week equivalence study, patients with moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate were randomised (1:1) to ABP 501 or adalimumab (40 mg) every 2 weeks. Primary endpoint was risk ratio (RR) of ACR20 between groups at week 24. Primary hypothesis that the treatments were equivalent would be confirmed if the 90% CI for RR of ACR20 at week 24 fell between 0.738 and 1.355, demonstrating that ABP 501 is similar to adalimumab. Secondary endpoints included Disease Activity Score 28-joint count-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Safety was assessed via adverse events (AEs) and laboratory evaluations. Antidrug antibodies were assessed to determine immunogenicity. Results A total of 526 patients were randomised (n=264, ABP 501; n=262 adalimumab) and 494 completed the study. ACR20 response at week 24 was 74.6% (ABP 501) and 72.4% (adalimumab). At week 24, the RR of ACR20 (90% CI) between groups was 1.039 (0.954, 1.133), confirming the primary hypothesis. Changes from baseline in DAS28-CRP, ACR50 and ACR70 were similar. There were no clinically meaningful differences in AEs and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 38.3% (ABP 501) and 38.2% (adalimumab) of patients tested positive for binding antidrug antibodies. Conclusions Results from this study demonstrate that ABP 501 is similar to adalimumab in clinical efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in patients with moderate to severe RA. Trial registration number NCT01970475; Results.
Progressive muscle relaxation as a supportive intervention for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A systematic review

ABSTRACT Background: Many cancer patients use a wide variety of techniques to improve their physical and mental well-being, including relaxation therapy and, specifically, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR). However, there is no strong evidence that supports the efficacy of this technique. Objective: Our aim was to review the evidence regarding the use of PMR as a supportive intervention for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment. Method: Six databases were electronically searched: AMED, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science. After removing duplicates, 700 publications were screened and 57 identified as potentially relevant. The flow of information from record identification to study inclusion was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Original articles published in peer-reviewed journals that studied the use of PMR as an intervention, were randomized or included a matched control group, and that included patients receiving chemotherapy were included. Studies that combined PMR with other interventions were excluded. The methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the Jadad Scale and the CONSORT guidelines. Results: A total of 5 of the 57 papers fulfilled the preset criteria and were included in our systematic review. Our findings indicate that PMR might improve comfort and reduce the anxiety levels and side effects caused by chemotherapy, with the exception of vomiting. Nonetheless, the quality of all the included studies was extremely low. Significance of results: There is evidence that PMR might have a few benefits for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Still, the small number of studies included and their poor quality limit the significance of our results. Despite the fact that pharmaceutical approaches for controlling side effects might be reaching their full potential and that there might be further usefulness for such integrative treatments as PMR, the need to run more high-quality trials testing the efficacy of this technique is warranted before suggesting its adoption as part of standard cancer care.
Nonlinear Microwave Imaging for Breast-Cancer Screening Using Gauss–Newton's Method and the CGLS Inversion Algorithm

Breast-cancer screening using microwave imaging is emerging as a new promising technique as a supplement to X-ray mammography. To create tomographic images from microwave measurements, it is necessary to solve a nonlinear inversion problem, for which an algorithm based on the iterative Gauss-Newton method has been developed at Dartmouth College. This algorithm determines the update values at each iteration by solving the set of normal equations of the problem using the Tikhonov algorithm. In this paper, a new algorithm for determining the iteration update values in the Gauss-Newton algorithm is presented which is based on the conjugate gradient least squares (CGLS) algorithm. The iterative CGLS algorithm is capable of solving the update problem by operating on just the Jacobian and the regularizing effects of the algorithm can easily be controlled by adjusting the number of iterations. The new algorithm is compared to the Gauss-Newton algorithm with Tikhonov regularization and is shown to reconstruct images of similar quality using fewer iterations.
FACTORS AFFECTING VOLATILITY OF BANGLADESH TRADE DEFICIT: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Bangladesh, one of the rising member countries of South Asia, passed a severe economic hardship during its post-independence period of 1970s till 1980s. Historically, Bangladesh inherited trade deficit from Pakistan legacy. Economic scenario, however, has had a distinct turnover in 1990s when share of export earnings from traditional items dragged down dramatically and that of non-traditional items grew apace. In parallel to export earnings, the import spending has also increased observing larger pace that worsens trade deficit volume and volatility as well. This study, thus, primarily endeavors to examine the trends in the trade deficit volume and volatility and also to identify the factors responsible for influencing that pattern. In so doing, the study employs two periods and examines, based on secondary data, the mean and standard deviations of trade deficit in two periods. The findings reveal that both mean and standard deviation have been increased by many-fold during the last 26 fiscal years starting from 1983/84. Consequently, these outcomes lead the economy to uncertainties that aggravate management of the production sector and overall macroeconomic policy-planning as well. The regression model shows that there have been three significant variables that influenced the foreign trade volume and volatility. These are the GDP, population number and the excise and duties for import. The study concludes with a recommendation of two policy initiatives in order to minimize the economic uncertainties. In so doing, government budget ought to be balanced and the import sector should be restricted to squeeze the import spending.
Weak Kernels

In this paper, we formalize a folklore concept and formally d efineweak kernelsfor (NPhard) search problems, which is about search space reductio n and stands as a new generic technique for designing FPT algorithms. We show that weak ke rnels are different from the (traditional) kernels for decision problems, by exhibitin g an example out of P such that its decision version has no kernel while the equivalent search p oblem has a weak kernel. We show a few applications of weak kernels, for which a traditio nal kernelization seems hard to apply. Among them, we present the first FPT algorithm for the f amous Sorting by Minimum Unsigned Reversals problem. Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Email: htjiang@cs.montana. edu. Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univers ity, Shanghai 200030, China. Email: chihao.zhang@gmail.com. Corresponding author. Department of Computer Science, Mon tana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Email: bhz@cs.montana. edu.
Magnesium in bone and the magnesium load test.

mrh.2011. 0297 Auteur(s) : Theodor Gunther Charite, Universitlsquatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany Correspondence. Prof. T. Gunther, Waldhuterpfad 63, D 14169 Berlin, Germany About 50% to 70% of body magnesium (Mg) is localized in bone [1, 2]. About 30% of bone Mg is exchangeable [2]. Other authors found that 1-5% of bone Mg is exchangeable with injected 28Mg [3]. The exchangeable Mg fraction could occupy a site at [. ]
Psychological impact of alopecia

Editor—I had to respond to the article on alopecia by Hunt and McHale,1 if only to show how attitudes have changed in the past four decades. I lost every hair on my head in 1965, when I was 17 and doing my A levels. I had two wigs, both made out of Chinese hair, which had to be cleaned from time to time. One looked a lot more like my own hair than the other. I played a lot of hockey and netball at school so I had to wear a headband to keep the wig in place. One day, at netball practice it fell off. As far as I can remember I picked it up and put it on again—and no one said a word—I suppose they were embarrassed. I had a polystyrene head on which I used to put the wig at night. I had ultraviolet therapy to make my hair grow back a bit quicker—so I had nice tan that year. By the time I went to university in the autumn I had a sort of fine down covering my head, which very soon looked as though I had spent a fortune getting some highlights done. I survived the experience—and I am not sure if I am psychologically scarred or not. I still have the odd bald patch now and again—which just jogs my memory a little bit.
Coverage and channel characteristics of millimeter wave band using ray tracing

Utilization of millimeter wave (MMW) bands for supporting very high data rate cellular access has received much attention in recent times. The behavior of the wireless channel in these bands differ significantly from the sub-6 GHz counterparts. Ray tracing is a complementary effort to detailed measurements in providing quick insight into the coarse channel characteristics. In this paper, we model the 28 GHz outdoor channel through ray tracing using the WinProp tool. We simulate the single base station and multi base station scenarios in the downtown Manhattan area and study channel properties such as coverage and path loss, path diversity and delay spreads. We observe that a typical MMW base station provides coverage to a significant fraction of a 100m cell radius with path diversity, i.e. there exist secondary paths that may sustain the link on the failure of the first path. The improvements to coverage and path diversity with multiple base stations are also characterized. The above channel properties are compared with NYU's [4] results from the same region. We observe a reasonable match for many of the above parameters. The delay spreads with omni and beamformed antennas are also compared. The typical RMS delay spread in a beamformed scenario is seen to be in the order of 20-30 ns which is significantly smaller than the measured values of 100ns or more. This phenomenon is likely due to detailed clutter in the environment not being modeled.
Deception and false belief in paranoia: Modelling Theory of Mind stories

Background. This study used Item Response Theory (IRT) to model the psychometric properties of a Theory of Mind (ToM) stories task. The study also aimed to determine whether the ability to understand states of false belief in others and the ability to understand another's intention to deceive are separable skills, and to establish which is more sensitive to the presence of paranoia. Method. A large and diverse clinical and nonclinical sample differing in levels of depression and paranoid ideation performed a ToM stories task measuring false belief and deception at first and second order. Results. A three-factor IRT model was found to best fit the data, consisting of first- and second-order deception factors and a single false-belief factor. The first-order deception and false-belief factors had good measurement properties at low trait levels, appropriate for samples with reduced ToM ability. First-order deception and false beliefs were both sensitive to paranoid ideation with IQ predicting performance on false belief items. Conclusions. Separable abilities were found to underlie performance on verbal ToM tasks. However, paranoia was associated with impaired performance on both false belief and deception understanding with clear impairment at the simplest level of mental state attribution.
Isolation and Characterization of New Ceramides from Aerial Parts of Lepidaploa cotoneaster

Two new ceramides were isolated from the bulbs of Lepidaploa cotoneaster (Willd. ex Spreng.) H. Rob. [Vernonia cotoneaster (Willd. ex Spreng.) Less. )], in addition to germanicol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 3-β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-sitosterol, lupeol, lupeoyl acetate and tiliroside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral techniques (MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT, and TOCSY) and were compared with data reported in literature, and were established as 2S*,2′R*,3S*,4R*,11E)-N-[2′-hydroxyhenicosanoyl]-2-amino-nonadec-11-ene-1,3,4-triol (1) and (2S*,2′R*,3S*,4R*,8E)-N-[2′-hydroxytricosanoyl]-2-amino-nonadec-8-ene-1,3,4-triol (2). To establish the structure and to locate the double bond, the methyl ester of the fatty acid and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) derivatives were prepared for both ceramides.
Invariance principles for switched systems with restrictions

In this paper we consider switched nonlinear systems with otherwise arbitrary compact index sets and subjected to different switching constraints. We present invariance principles for these systems and derive, by using observability-like notions, some convergence criteria which enable us to analyze the convergence of solutions of switched systems with restrictions originating from the timing of the switchings, state-dependent constrained switching and switching whose logic has memory, i.e., the active subsystem can only switch to a prescribed subset of subsystems.
Expert recommendation based on social drivers, social network analysis, and semantic data representation

Knowledge networks and recommender systems are especially important for expert finding within organizations and scientific communities. Useful recommendation of experts, however, is not an easy task for many reasons: It requires reasoning about multiple complex networks from heterogeneous sources (such as collaboration networks of individuals, article citation networks, and concept networks) and depends significantly on the needs of individuals in seeking recommendations. Although over the past decade much effort has gone into developing techniques to increase and evaluate the quality of recommendations, personalizing recommendations according to individuals' motivations has not received much attention. While previous work in the literature has focused primarily on identifying experts, our focus here is on personalizing the selection of an expert through a principled application of social science theories to model the user's motivation. In this paper, we present an expert recommender system capable of applying multiple theoretical mechanisms to the problem of personalized recommendations through profiling users' motivations and their relations. To this end, we use the Multi-Theoretical Multi-Level (MTML) framework which investigates social drivers for network formation in the communities with diverse goals. This framework serves as the theoretical basis for mapping motivations to the appropriate domain data, heuristic, and objective functions for the personalized expert recommendation. As a proof of concept, we developed a prototype recommender grounded in social science theories, and utilizing computational techniques from social network analysis and representational techniques from the semantic web to facilitate combining and operating on data from heterogeneous sources. We evaluated the prototype's ability to predict collaborations for scientific research teams, using a simple off-line methodology. Preliminary results demonstrate encouraging success while offering significant personalization options and providing flexibility in customizing the recommendation heuristic based on users' motivations. In particular, recommendation heuristics based on different motivation profiles result in different recommendations, and taken as a whole better capture the diversity of observed expert collaboration.