Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Confirmation of Multiple Red Galaxy-Galaxy Mergers in MS 1054–03 (z = 0.83)

We present follow-up spectroscopy of the galaxy cluster MS 1054-03 (z = 0.83) confirming that at least six of the nine merging galaxy pairs identified by van Dokkum et al. in 1999 are indeed bound systems: they have projected separations of Rs < 10 h-1 kpc and relative line-of-sight velocities of Δv < 165 km s-1. For the remaining three pairs, we were unable to obtain redshifts of both constituent galaxies. To identify a more objective sample of merging systems, we select bound red galaxy pairs (Rs ≤ 30 h-1 kpc, Δv ≤ 300 km s-1) from our sample of 121 confirmed cluster members: galaxies in bound red pairs make up 15.7% ± 3.6% of the cluster population. The (B - Ks) color-magnitude diagram shows that the pair galaxies are as red as the E/S0 members and have a homogeneous stellar population. The red pair galaxies span a large range in luminosity and internal velocity dispersion, to include some of the brightest, most massive members (L > L*, σ1D > 200 km s-1); these bound galaxy pairs must evolve into E/S0 members by z ~ 0.7. These results, combined with MS 1054's high merger fraction and reservoir of likely future mergers, indicates that most, if not all, of its early-type members evolved from (passive) galaxy-galaxy mergers at z ≲ 1.
Evaluation of the Clinical Significance of Focal Adhesion Kinase and Src Expression in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Objectives: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src, 2 protein tyrosine kinases, have been suggested to regulate several fundamental cellular activities that promote the malignant phenotype in various human tumors, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Even though research has already turned in laboratory investigations and clinical trials on the possible use of agents blocking the 2 enzymes in cancer management, the data on the clinical significance of FAK and Src in pancreatic adenocarcinoma are still scarce. Methods: The FAK and Src protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor specimens of 65 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and was statistically analyzed in relation to various clinicopathological characteristics, tumor proliferative capacity, and patients' survival. Results: The FAK expression correlated significantly with the T stage of the tumor (P = 0.037), whereas FAK staining intensity with patients' age (P = 0.030), tumors' histopathological grade of differentiation (P = 0.041), and M stage (P = 0.029). The Src expression correlated significantly with the stage of the tumor (P = 0.013) and patients' survival (log-rank test, P = 0.027), being also identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P = 0.047). Furthermore, trends that did not reach statistical significance were noted between FAK and Src expression and staining intensity and several clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions: The FAK and Src immunohistochemical expression was associated with certain clinicopathological parameters that are crucial for the patients' management.Abbreviations: AJCC - American Joint Committee on Cancer, FAs - focal adhesions, FAK - focal adhesion kinase, PBS - phosphate buffered saline, PTKs - protein tyrosine kinases, TNM - tumor, node, metastasis
A Constrained Hidden Markov Model Approach for Non-Explicit Citation Context Extraction

In this paper we present a constrained hidden markov model based approach for extracting non-explicit citing sentences in research articles. Our method involves first independently training a separate HMM for each citation in the article being processed and then performing a constrained joint inference to label non-explicit citing sentences. Results on a standard test collection show that our method significantly outperforms the baselines and is comparable to the state of the art approaches.
The Contact Hypothesis in Intergroup Relations

Coming from the Middle-East I have many times observed a seemingly paradoxical behavior of people, which seems to be typical of this geographical area as well as elsewhere in the world. On the one hand, individuals are willing to endanger, even sacrifice their lives, such as in military combat or in a disaster situation, to save the life of a friend, neighbor, or even someone from their community they have never met. However, at the same time, they can completely ignore the lives of others (such as an enemy or member of a rival group), walk away from the disaster area, and let them suffer or even die when with a little effort the latter could have been saved. One suggested remedy for our rejection of outgroups and outgroup members is intergroup con-
Structural, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of carbon allotropes from first-principles : diamond, graphite, and nanotubes

The structural, dynamical, and thermodynamic properties of different carbon allotropes are computed using a combination of ab-initio methods: density-functional theory for total-energy calculations and density-functional perturbation theory for lattice dynamics. For diamond, graphite, graphene, and armchair or zigzag singlewalled nanotubes we first calculate the ground-state properties: lattice parameters, elastic constants and phonon dispersions and density of states. Very good agreement with available experimental data is found for all these, with the exception of the c/a ratio in graphite and the associated elastic constants and phonon dispersions. Agree:ment with experiments is recovered once the experimental c/a is chosen for the calculations. Results for carbon nanotubes confirm and expand available, but scarce, experimental data. The vibrational free energy and the thermal expansion, the temperature dependence of the elastic moduli and the specific heat are calculated using the quasi-harmonic approximation. Graphite shows a distinctive in-plane negative thermal-expansion coefficient that reaches its lowest value around room temperature, in very good agreement with experiments. The predicted value for the thermal-contraction coefficient of narrow single-walled nanotubes is half that of graphite, while for graphene it is found to be three times as large. In the case of graphene and graphite, the ZA bending acoustic modes are shown to be responsible for the contraction, in a direct manifestation of the membrane effect predicted by I. M. Lifshitz over fifty years ago. Stacking directly hinders the ZA modes, explaining the large numerical difference between the thermal-contraction coefficients in graphite and graphene, notwithstanding their common physical origin. For the narrow nanotubes studied, both the TA bending and the "pinch" modes play a dominant role. For larger single-walled nanotubes, it is postulated that the radial breathing mode will have the! most significant effect on the thermal contraction, ultimately reaching the graphene limit as the diameter is increased.
Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Former Tin Mining Catchment

This study describes the chemical speciation of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As, and Sn in soil of former tin mining catchment. Total five sites were selected for sampling and subsequent subsamples were collected from each site in order to create a composite sample for analysis. Samples were analysed by the sequential extraction procedure using optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and As retrieved from the exchangeable phase, the ready available for biogeochemical cycles in the ecosystem. Low quantities of Cu and As could be taken up by plants in these kind of acidic soils. Zn not detected in the bioavailable forms while Pb is only present in negligible amounts in very few samples. The absence of mobile forms of Pb eliminates the toxic risk both in the trophic chain and its migration downwards the soil profile. The results also indicate that most of the metals have high abundance in residual fraction indicating lithogenic origin and low bioavailability of the metals in the studied soil. The average potential mobility for the metals giving the following order: Sn > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > As.
Collaboration in simulated worlds: learning through and about collaboration

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A mechanistic PK/PD model for two anti-IL13 antibodies explains the difference in total IL-13 accumulation observed in clinical studies

ABSTRACT IMA-638 and IMA-026 are humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target non-overlapping epitopes of IL-13. Separate first-in-human single ascending dose studies were conducted for each mAb. These studies had similar study designs, but mild to moderate asthmatics were recruited for the IMA-638 study and healthy subjects were recruited for the IMA-026 study. IMA-638 and IMA-026 showed similar pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, but very different total IL-13 (free and drug bound IL-13) profiles; free IL13 was not measured. IMA-026 treatment induced a dose-dependent accumulation of total IL-13, while IMA-638 treatment led to a much smaller accumulation without any clear dose-response. To understand the differences between the two total IL-13 profiles and to predict the free IL-13 profiles for each mAb treatment, a mechanistic PK/pharmacodynamic model was developed. PK-related parameters were first fit to the mean PK profiles of each mAb separately; thereafter, the target-related parameters were fit to both total IL-13 profiles simultaneously. The IL-13 degradation rate was assumed to be the same for asthma patients and healthy subjects. The model suggests that an approximately 100× faster elimination of IL-13-IMA-638 complex than IL-13-IMA-026 complex could be responsible for the differences observed in total IL-13 profiles for the two mAbs. Furthermore, the model predicts that IMA-638 administration results in greater and more prolonged free IL-13 inhibition than equivalent dosing of IMA-026 despite similar binding KD and PK profile. In conclusion, joint modeling of two similar molecules provided mechanistic insight that the elimination rate of mAb-target complex can regulate the degree of free target inhibition.
Millimeter wave MIMO channel tracking systems

We consider channel/subspace tracking systems for temporally correlated millimeter wave (e.g., E-band) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Our focus is given to the tracking algorithm in the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environment, where the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with hybrid analog/digital precoder and combiner, respectively. In the absence of straightforward time-correlated channel model in the millimeter wave MIMO literature, we present a temporal MIMO channel evolution model for NLoS millimeter wave scenarios. Considering that conventional MIMO channel tracking algorithms in microwave bands are not directly applicable, we propose a new channel tracking technique based on sequentially updating the precoder and combiner. Numerical results demonstrate the superior channel tracking ability of the proposed technique over independent sounding approach in the presented channel model and the spatial channel model (SCM) adopted in 3GPP specification.
1 Molecular Methods in Microbial Ecology

It is now generally accepted in microbial ecology that cultivation-based approaches provide an incomplete picture of microbial diversity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because only a minority of microbes can be obtained in culture. Therefore, the application of molecular approaches, especially those focused on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence diversity, have become popular as they enable researchers to bypass the cultivation step. These approaches have provided considerable information about microbial ecosystems, including the GI tract. This chapter will summarize the different approaches and their impact on our knowledge of the ecology of the GI tract and provide guidelines for future research directions with a focus on preand
Basic Mechanisms Responsible for Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Bone Metastases

Certain solid tumors metastasize to bone and cause osteolysis and abnormal new bone formation. The respective phenotypes of dysregulated bone destruction and bone formation represent two ends of a spectrum, and most patients will have evidence of both. The mechanisms responsible for tumor growth in bone are complex and involve tumor stimulation of the osteoclast and the osteoblast as well as the response of the bone microenvironment. Furthermore, factors that increase bone resorption, independent of tumor, such as sex steroid deficiency, may contribute to this vicious cycle of tumor growth in bone. This article discusses mechanisms and therapeutic implications of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastases.
A scenario-based predictive control approach to building HVAC management systems

We present a Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC) algorithm that maintains predefined comfort levels in building Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems while minimizing the overall energy use. The strategy uses the knowledge of the statistics of the building occupancy and ambient conditions forecasts errors and determines the optimal control inputs by solving a scenario-based stochastic optimization problem. Peculiarities of this strategy are that it does not make assumptions on the distribution of the uncertain variables, and that it allows dynamical learning of these statistics from true data through the use of copulas, i.e., opportune probabilistic description of random vectors. The scheme, investigated on a prototypical student laboratory, shows good performance and computational tractability.
Exploring social structures in Extended Team Model

Extended Team Model (ETM) as a type of offshore outsourcing is increasingly becoming popular mode of Global Software Development (GSD). There is little knowledge about the social structures in ETM and their impact on collaboration. Within a large interdisciplinary project to develop the next generation of GSD technologies, we are exploring the role of social structures to support collaboration. This paper reports some details of our research design and initial findings about the mechanisms to support social structures and their impact on collaboration in an ETM.
Private healthcare quality: applying a SERVQUAL model.

PURPOSE This paper seeks to develop and test the SERVQUAL model scale for measuring Malaysian private health service quality. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study consists of 340 randomly selected participants visiting a private healthcare facility during a three-month data collection period. Data were analyzed using means, correlations, principal component and confirmatory factor analysis to establish the modified SERVQUAL scale's reliability, underlying dimensionality and convergent, discriminant validity. FINDINGS Results indicate a moderate negative quality gap for overall Malaysian private healthcare service quality. Results also indicate a moderate negative quality gap on each service quality scale dimension. However, scale development analysis yielded excellent results, which can be used in wider healthcare policy and practice. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Respondents were skewed towards a younger population, causing concern that the results might not represent all Malaysian age groups. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The study's major contribution is that it offers a way to assess private healthcare service quality. Second, it successfully develops a scale that can be used to measure health service quality in Malaysian contexts.
Localization and Activity of Mouse Endometrial Alkaline Phosphatase after Hyperstimulation and Progesterone Injection at the Implantation Time

The activity of mouse endometrial alkaline phosphatase after hyperstimulation and progesterone injection at the implantation time Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of endometrium may play a critical function in the development and implantation of embryo. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of endometrial ALP activity after hyperstimulation and progesterone injection. Thirty adult female NMRI mice were hyperstimulated using human menopasual gonadotropic hormone and human chorionic gonadotropic hormones (hCG). Then, daily injections of progesterone (1 mg/mouse) were performed in one hyperstimulated group. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation 4.5 day after hCG injection. Tissues were obtained from 1/3 middle part of uterine horns and used for enzyme histochemistry and morphological studies. The samples were cryosectioned at -30°C and the enzyme histochemistry was carried out by azo-coupling technique using alpha naphtol phosphate as substrate. In the control groups, the ALP activity was localized on the apical and basal border. Cytoplasm of glandular and surface epithelium was stronger than the other hyperstimulated groups on the day four of pseudoprgnancy. Our results showed that the ALP activity was decreased after ovarian hyperstimulation and progesterone injection and the defect of implantation of embryo after hyperstimulation and embryo transfer in animals may be due to the reduction of enzyme activity. Iran. Biomed. J. 8 (3): 121-126, 2004
Youth escaping limits on drinking: binging in Mexico.

AIMS In Tijuana, Mexico, a loosely enforced age-18 law and inexpensive drinks have given rise to a nightclub district frequented by thousands of young Southern Californians each weekend night. Surveys were designed to characterize the extent of the cross-border binge-drinking traffic and to support and evaluate the community's response. DESIGN Over 1 year, two anonymous and voluntary breath-test surveys were done. Drivers and pedestrians were pulled randomly from the stream of northbound border crossers and recruited to participate. SETTING Surveys occurred between 12 a.m. and 4 a.m. on randomly selected Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Participants were recruited within the Port of Entry building. PARTICIPANTS Of the 5849 border crossers recruited, 87.4% participated in the survey. MEASUREMENTS Information was obtained through a standardized verbal interview. All participants were asked to take an alcohol breath test. FINDINGS On weekend nights, more than 6500 people cross back into the United States between 12 a.m. and 4 a.m. after drinking or visiting a bar or restaurant. Pedestrians represent the highest concentration of drinkers, with more than 30% having BACs of 0.08 or greater. Most of these pedestrians return to parked vehicles on the US side and drive or ride home. CONCLUSIONS The flow of young binge drinkers at the Tijuana border is substantial and translates into a significant public health problem for the region as crossers use their vehicles to drive home. There are many such binge-drinking locales. However, the border is unique in that it is amenable to scientific estimations of the problem with relatively high precision.
Find me if you can: improving geographical prediction with social and spatial proximity

Geography and social relationships are inextricably intertwined; the people we interact with on a daily basis almost always live near us. As people spend more time online, data regarding these two dimensions -- geography and social relationships -- are becoming increasingly precise, allowing us to build reliable models to describe their interaction. These models have important implications in the design of location-based services, security intrusion detection, and social media supporting local communities. Using user-supplied address data and the network of associations between members of the Facebook social network, we can directly observe and measure the relationship between geography and friendship. Using these measurements, we introduce an algorithm that predicts the location of an individual from a sparse set of located users with performance that exceeds IP-based geolocation. This algorithm is efficient and scalable, and could be run on a network containing hundreds of millions of users.
Remarkable Decline in Ischemic Stroke Mortality is Not Matched by Changes in Incidence

Background and Purpose— In Western Europe, mortality from ischemic stroke (IS) has declined over several decades. Age–sex-specific IS mortality, IS incidence, 30-day case fatality, and 1-year mortality after hospital admission are essential for explaining recent trends in IS mortality in the new millennium. Methods— Data for all IS deaths (1980–2010) in the Netherlands were grouped by year, sex, and age. A joinpoint regression was fitted to detect points in time at which significant changes in the trends occur. By linking nationwide registers, a cohort of patients first admitted for IS between 1997 and 2005 was constructed and age–sex-specific 30-day case fatality and 1-year mortality were computed. IS incidence (admitted IS patients and out-of-hospital IS deaths) was computed by age and sex. Mann–Kendall tests were used for trend evaluation. Results— IS mortality declined continuously between1980 and 2000 with an attenuation of decline in the 1990s in some of the age–sex groups. A remarkable decline in IS mortality after 2000 was observed in all age–sex groups, except for young men. An improved decline in 30-day case fatality and in 1-year mortality was also observed in almost all age–sex groups. In contrast, IS incidence remained stable between 1997 and 2005 or even increased slightly. Conclusions— The recent remarkable decline in IS mortality was not matched by a decline in the number of incident nonfatal IS events. This is worrying, because IS is already a leading cause of adult disability, claiming a heavy human and economic burden. Prevention of IS is therefore now of the greatest importance.