Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Both rat and mouse T cell receptors specific for the encephalitogenic determinant of myelin basic protein use similar V alpha and V beta chain genes even though the major histocompatibility complex and encephalitogenic determinants being recognized are different

Prospects for specific immune intervention in T cell-mediated autoimmune disease via anti-idiotypic regulation depend on the degree of diversity of the responder cell antigen receptor repertoire. A highly heterogenous response against self epitopes offers little chance for such regulation. We report here that the Lewis rat autoimmune disease experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, generally considered to be a model of human multiple sclerosis, is caused by T cells that use a limited set of TCR V genes. We have cloned the rat TCR alpha and beta chain cDNAs from the Lewis rat x mouse T cell hybridoma 510, which retains the rat specificity for the encephalitogenic determinant of myelin basic protein (MBP). Using Northern blot analysis of T cell RNA with the cloned V region probes, we have found a specific, and near perfect, correlation between expression of TCR message hybridizing to the V alpha 510 and VB510 probes and specificity for the encephalitogenic determinant of MBP in both T cell hybridomas and encephalitogenic T cell clones. This restricted V gene usage provides a basis for observed idiotypic regulation of auto-reactive T cells, and possible therapy for autoimmune disease. A curious and unexplained observation is that the Lewis rat V alpha/V beta combination that dominates the encephalitogenic response to the 68-88 peptide of MBP is precisely the same V alpha/V beta combination used by the B10.PL mouse response to the encephalitogenic response to the 1-9 peptide of MBP.
The Verbal Behavior Approach: How to Teach Children with Autism and Related Disorders

Introduction.1. Starting with ABA. 2. The ABCs of ABA. 3: Assessing Your Child. 4. Developing Reinforcers. 5. Manding. 6. Increasing and Improving Speech in Non-Vocal or Minimally Vocal Children. 7.Errorless Teaching and the Use of Transfer Procedures. 8. Teaching Receptive Language Skills and Other Non-Verbal Operants. 9. Teaching Verbal Operants. 10. Putting It All Together. 11. Teaching Toileting and Other Important Self-Help Skills. 12. Final Thoughts. Appendices. Subject index. Author index.
EVALUATING BACKGROUND, CONTEXTUAL, AND MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PERSISTENCE AND ATTRITION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

Retaining and graduating students has become an issue of widespread concern among today’s colleges and universities. Current research suggests that, on average, four-year colleges and universities in the United States graduate approximately 58% of their students each year (National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). For the past forty years, faculty, staff, and administrators have been interested in identifying factors that may increase the number of students who persist and complete a college degree. The present study used a theoretical model of college student persistence and attrition to test background, contextual, and motivational factors that may influence college student persistence and attrition. Participants in this study were undergraduate men and women (N = 595) who attended a large, diverse, urban, four-year university in Texas. Participants were asked to complete an 84-item online survey that was used to assess the following factors: background characteristics, campus involvement, faculty mentoring, peer group interactions, sense of belonging, utility value, self-efficacy, residential status, enrollment status, transfer status, and financial concern. These factors were used to help predict institutional persistence attitudes, general persistence attitudes, and attrition. Institutional persistence attitudes describe a student’s attitude about persisting at the current institution he or she is attending. General persistence attitudes refer to a student’s overall attitude about persisting in college. Finally, attrition describes the process in which a student fails to reenroll from the fall 2011 semester to the spring 2012 semester.
Fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency leads to excessive mGluR5-dependent internalization of AMPA receptors

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common inherited form of mental retardation, is caused by the functional absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of specific mRNAs at synapses. Altered synaptic plasticity has been described in a mouse FXS model. However, the mechanism by which the loss of FMRP alters synaptic function, and subsequently causes the mental impairment, is unknown. Here, in cultured hippocampal neurons, we used siRNAs against Fmr1 to demonstrate that a reduction of FMRP in dendrites leads to an increase in internalization of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit, GluR1, in dendrites. This abnormal AMPAR trafficking was caused by spontaneous action potential-driven network activity without synaptic stimulation by an exogenous agonist and was rescued by 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-pyridine (MPEP), an mGluR5-specific inverse agonist. Because AMPAR internalization depends on local protein synthesis after mGluR5 stimulation, FMRP, a negative regulator of translation, may be viewed as a counterbalancing signal, wherein the absence of FMRP leads to an apparent excess of mGluR5 signaling in dendrites. Because AMPAR trafficking is a driving process for synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory, our data suggest that hypersensitive AMPAR internalization in response to excess mGluR signaling may represent a principal cellular defect in FXS, which may be corrected by using mGluR antagonists.
Fast Graph-Search Algorithms for General-Aviation Flight Trajectory Generation

We consider numerical algorithms for on-board flight trajectory generation and optimization in three dimensional space. Our approach relies on graph search algorithms, which perform a global search over the set of feasible trajectories. We start by formulating a simplified kinematic model that is appropriate for General Aviation aircraft. The cost function to be optimized includes, the cost function to be optimized accounts for position-dependent criteria such as the flight altitude and terrain clearance. Additional “dynamic” components that involve the angular velocities are introduced to account for riding qualities and pilot workload. Using an approximate grid-based discretization scheme, we transform the continuous optimization problem into a search problem over a finite graph, and apply Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm to this problem. To reduce the computation time to acceptable levels, we introduce a novel state reduction technique that leads to sub-optimal search. Further speedup is achieved by heuristic search techniques and hierarchical methods. Performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated for a trajectory optimization problem with terrain following over a 100 × 100 kilometer area. Our experiments demonstrate the potential of these algorithms, when combined, to provide an on-board solution to realistic flight trajectory generation problems. ∗Graduate student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel †Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
A STUDY OF RICE FISSURING BY FINITE–ELEMENT SIMULATION OF INTERNAL STRESSES COMBINED WITH HIGH–SPEED MICROSCOPY IMAGING OF FISSURE APPEARANCE

Finite–element analysis was performed to simulate stress distributions inside a rice kernel during drying. The distributions of radial, axial, tangential, and shear stresses were mapped and analyzed. It was found that during drying, two distinct stress zones existed inside a rice kernel: a tensile zone near the surface, and a compressive zone close to the center. Although as drying proceeded, radial, tangential, shear, and axial stresses all decreased in magnitude after they peaked, the first three (i.e., radial, tangential, and shear) stresses approached zero in magnitude and became neutral (i.e., neither tensile nor compressive) after 60 min of drying at 60 ³ C, 17% relative humidity (RH). Only axial stress remained at a pronounced level even after 60 min of drying at 60 ³ C, 17% RH, which helps explain why most fissures form perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rice kernels. The results were well supported by the fissure appearance caught in this study with high–speed microscopy imaging and by other evidences on rice fissuring published in the literature.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PERUSAHAAN DAERAH PERKEBUNAN JEMBER

This study was intended to analyze 1) the effect of transformational leadership on empowerment of employees of local government-owned plantation enterprise (PDP) Jember; 2) the effect of transformational leadership on work behavior of employees of PDP Jember; 3) the effect of transformational leadership on performance of employees of PDP Jember; 4) the effect of empowerment on performance of employees of PDP Jember; 5) the effect of work behavior on performance of employees of PDP Jember. The population in this study was all employees of PDP Jember. The analysis tool used in this study was the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that transformational leadership had a significant and positive effect on empowerment of employees of PDP Jember, transformational leadership had a significant and positive effect on work behavior of employees of PDP Jember, transformational leadership had no significant and positive effect on performance of employees of PDP Jember, empowerment had no significant and positive effect on performance of employees of PDP Jember, work behavior had significant and positive effect on performance of employees of PDP Jember.
Half a million women : mothers who lose their children by adoption

Utilizing case histories and interviews throughout the text, this is an examination of all aspects of the experience of giving up a child for adoption. It explores the social stigma of being an unwed mother, the decision to relinquish a baby, the isolation from parents, society and the child's father, and the fear of being traced by a child in later life. The text also describes the attitudes of society, the laws surrounding the issue and the medical and psychological viewpoint.
Component numeracy skills and decision making

13 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: NUMERACY 5 2.1 MEASURING NUMERACY 9 2.1. 1 Advances in Numeracy Assessment 12 2.1. 2 The Berlin Numeracy Test 14 2.1. 3 Other Numeracy Assessments 15 CHAPTER 3: NUMERACY AND DECISION MAKING 17 3.1 CONFIDENCE & DELIBERATION 18 3.2 TRANSFER AND IDENTICAL ELEMENTS 24 CHAPTER 4: STUDY 1 27 4.
History Losing Its Value: Representation of Minorities within High School History Texts

Textbooks have been viewed as unbiased and influential sources. This study posed the question: how does the representation of minorities in high school history textbooks impact student perception of those races? Research for the study was conducted in a Western New York State suburban high school within two classrooms: one 11th grade A.P. U.S. history class and one 9th grade AVID social studies class. Through textbook analysis, classroom observations, and student interviews, three findings appeared. Lack of information in textbooks caused students to question the source’s validity, students gained more information through multiple perspectives, and accurate portrayals of minorities allowed students to form deeper connections and understandings. These findings call for teachers to offer additional sources to accurately portray minorities. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Literacy Education Department Education Subject Categories Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_ETD_masters/213 History Losing Its Value: Representation of Minorities within High School History Texts
The Nature and Value of Formative Assessment for Learning

Introduction This paper has two foci. The first is to present an account of how we developed formative assessment practices with a group of 36 teachers. This is then complemented by a reflection on the productive and positive experience of these teachers, in the light of learning principles, of changes in the roles of teachers and pupils in the task of learning, and of effects on the self-esteem and motivation of pupils. Attention then shifts to the second focus, which is on the ways in which these teachers struggled with the interface behveen formative assessment and summative testing. The conclusion is that the potential of enhanced classroom assessment to raise standards will never be hl ly realised unless the regimes of assessment for the purposes of accountability and certification of pupils are radically reformed.
Generalized Duty-Ratio-Based Pulsewidth Modulation Technique for a Three-to- $k$ Phase Matrix Converter

This paper presents a novel topology for a direct ac-ac power converter, called as the “three-to- k” phase matrix converter. The input to the proposed matrix converter configuration is a three-phase fixed voltage and a fixed frequency supply from the grid. The output is a variable voltage and variable frequency ac supply of any number of phases (k phase). However, the discussion is limited here for a k that is equal to odd number of phases. As an example, a “three-to-five” phase matrix converter is utilized for discussion and analysis. This paper also proposes two pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control techniques for the general topology of the “three-to- k” phase matrix converter. This is based on the so-called direct duty ratio PWM (DPWM). In one presented technique, the output voltage is limited to one half of the input voltage. For the other proposed scheme, the output voltage is enhanced to 78.86% of the input voltage. The proposed control algorithm is validated using simulation and an experimental approach.
A Neural Network Design for Circuit Partitioning

This paper proposes a neural network model for circuit bipartitioning. The massive parallelism of neural nets has been successfully exploited to balance the partitions of a circuit and to reduce the external wiring between the partitions. The experimental results obtained by neural nets are found to be comparable with that achieved by Fiduccia and Mattheyses algorithm.
SHErrLoc

We introduce a general way to locate programmer mistakes that are detected by static analyses. The program analysis is expressed in a general constraint language that is powerful enough to model type checking, information flow analysis, dataflow analysis, and points-to analysis. Mistakes in program analysis result in unsatisfiable constraints. Given an unsatisfiable system of constraints, both satisfiable and unsatisfiable constraints are analyzed to identify the program expressions most likely to be the cause of unsatisfiability. The likelihood of different error explanations is evaluated under the assumption that the programmer’s code is mostly correct, so the simplest explanations are chosen, following Bayesian principles. For analyses that rely on programmer-stated assumptions, the diagnosis also identifies assumptions likely to have been omitted. The new error diagnosis approach has been implemented as a tool called SHErrLoc, which is applied to three very different program analyses, such as type inference for a highly expressive type system implemented by the Glasgow Haskell Compiler—including type classes, Generalized Algebraic Data Types (GADTs), and type families. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated using previously collected programs containing errors. The results show that when compared to existing compilers and other tools, SHErrLoc consistently identifies the location of programmer errors significantly more accurately, without any language-specific heuristics.
Median Filter Architecture by Accumulative Parallel Counters

The time to process each of the W/B processing blocks of a median calculation method on a set of N W-bit integers is improved here by a factor of three compared with literature. The parallelism uncovered in blocks containing B-bit slices is exploited by independent accumulative parallel counters so that the median is calculated faster than any known previous method for any N, W values. The improvements to the method are discussed in the context of calculating the median for a moving set of N integers, for which a pipelined architecture is developed. An extra benefit of a smaller area for the architecture is also reported.
Patterns for Federated Architecture

An enterprise federated architecture intends to mirror the structure of the organisation, aiming to provide better support for both new and legacy applications within a distributed environment and facilitating data exchange between applications to support information integration. Under this architectural form, the organisation’s information systems are separated out into autonomous co-operating application clusters, each connected to a message-oriented federal highway acting as the vehicle for inter-domain communication. The federated approach intends to avoid unnecessary coupling (in the distributed computing sense) by grouping highly interdependent modules and applications into domains, whilst minimising the strength of inter-domain connections. This article presents how to design a distributed federated architectural form using three architectural patterns, and shows how these three patterns are to be connected to comply with the specification of the the federated form.
Arabidopsis is susceptible to the cereal ear blight fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum.

The fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum cause ear blight disease on cereal crops worldwide. The disease lowers both grain quality and grain safety. Disease prevalence is increasing due to changes in cropping practices and the difficulties encountered by plant breeders when trying to introgress the polygene-based resistance. The molecular basis of resistance to Fusarium ear blight in cereal species is poorly understood. This is primarily due to the large size of cereal genomes and the expensive resources required to undertake gene function studies in cereals. We therefore explored the possibility of developing various model floral infection systems that would be more amenable to experimental manipulation and high-throughput gene function studies. The floral tissues of tobacco, tomato, soybean and Arabidopsis were inoculated with Fusarium conidia and this resulted in disease symptoms on anthers, anther filaments and petals in each plant species. However, only in Arabidopsis did this initial infection then spread into the developing siliques and seeds. A survey of 236 Arabidopsis ecotypes failed to identify a single genotype that was extremely resistant or susceptible to Fusarium floral infections. Three Arabidopsis floral mutants that failed to develop anthers and/or functional pollen (i.e. agamous-1, apetala1-3 and dad1) were significantly less susceptible to Fusarium floral infection than wild type. Deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin production was also detected in Fusarium-infected flowers at >1 ppm. This novel floral pathosystem for Arabidopsis appears to be highly representative of a serious cereal crop disease.
A flow cytometry-based screen for synthetic riboswitches

Riboswitches regulate gene expression through direct, small molecule–mRNA interactions. The creation of new synthetic riboswitches from in vitro selected aptamers benefits from rapid, high-throughput methods for identifying switches capable of triggering dramatic changes in gene expression in the presence of a desired ligand. Here we present a flow cytometry-based screen for identifying synthetic riboswitches that induce robust increases in gene expression in the presence of theophylline. The performance characteristics of our newly identified riboswitches exceed those of previously described natural and synthetic riboswitches. Sequencing data and structure probing experiments reveal the ribosome binding site to be an important determinant of how well a switch performs and may provide insights into the design of new synthetic riboswitches.
Context-Sensitive Lexicon Features for Neural Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment lexicons have been leveraged as a useful source of features for sentiment analysis models, leading to the state-of-the-art accuracies. On the other hand, most existing methods use sentiment lexicons without considering context, typically taking the count, sum of strength, or maximum sentiment scores over the whole input. We pro-pose a context-sensitive lexicon-based method based on a simple weighted-sum model, using a recurrent neural network to learn the sen-timents strength, intensiﬁcation and negation of lexicon sentiments in composing the sentiment value of sentences. Results show that our model can not only learn such operation details, but also give signiﬁcant improvements over state-of-the-art recurrent neural network baselines without lexical features, achieving the best results on a Twitter benchmark.
On Acute Gene Expression Changes after Ventral Root Replantation

Replantation of avulsed spinal ventral roots has been show to enable significant and useful regrowth of motor axons in both experimental animals and in human clinical cases, making up an interesting exception to the rule of unsuccessful neuronal regeneration in central nervous system. Compared to avulsion without repair, ventral root replantation seems to rescue lesioned motoneurons from death. In this study we have analyzed the acute response to ventral root avulsion and replantation in adult rats with gene arrays combined with cluster analysis of gene ontology search terms. The data show significant differences between rats subjected to ventral replantation compared to avulsion only. Even though number of genes related to cell death is similar in the two models after 24 h, we observed a significantly larger number of genes related to neurite growth and development in the rats treated with ventral root replantation, possibly reflecting the neuroregenerative capacity in the replantation model. In addition, an acute inflammatory response was observed after avulsion, while effects on genes related to synaptic transmission were much more pronounced after replantation than after avulsion alone. These data indicate that the axonal regenerative response from replantation is initiated at an earlier stage than the possible differences in terms of neuron survival. We conclude that this type of analysis may facilitate the comparison of the acute response in two types of injury.
Extracting a Mobility Model from Real User Traces

Understanding user mobility is critical for simula- tions of mobile devices in a wireless network, but current mobility models often do not reflect real user movements. In this paper, we provide a foundation for such work by exploring mobility characteristics in traces of mobile users. We present a method to estimate the physical location of users from a large trace of mobile devices associating with access points in a wireless network. Using this method, we extracted tracks of always-on Wi-Fi devices from a 13-month trace. We discovered that the speed and pause time each follow a log-normal distribution and that the direction of movements closely reflects the direction of roads and walkways. Based on the extracted mobility characteristics, we developed a mobility model, focusing on movements among popular regions. Our validation shows that synthetic tracks match real tracks with a median relative error of 17%.