Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New ceramic chambers for the HLS storage ring

The new injection bump system of Hefei light source (HLS) storage ring is firstly introduced. The new system set a strict error limit to the rise time delay of the pulsed magnetic field, which is caused by the coating of the ceramic chamber. The error allowance is studied and the results are summarized. A new method of coating ceramic chambers was developed. The method, which employs Mo metallization techniques, is quite different from existing methods. Important issues of coating these chambers are presented. A unique, two-coil pulsed magnetic field measurement system was set up. Rise time delay of the pulsed field at different positions inside the ceramic chambers was measured. The rise time deviations inside a pair of chambers proved to be within the range of /spl plusmn/4 ns. A vacuum pressure of 2/spl times/10/sup -8/ Pa of the ceramic chambers was obtained after the installation in the storage ring. The chambers performed well. An average injection rate of 2-6 mA/s was obtained.
BreathScreen: Design and Evaluation of an Ephemeral UI

We present BreathScreen, a concept where clouds created by breathing are used as a projection surface for a picoprojector, creating an ephemeral user interface. In cold weather conditions the clouds are created naturally by warm breath condensing, but in other conditions an electric vaporizer may be used. We present an initial evaluation of the concept in a user study (n = 8), utilising a vaporizer-based BreathScreen prototype. The concept was positively received by study participants as a natural, hands-free interface and considered magical and aesthetically beautiful. Additionally, we provide guidance on the quantity of content that may be displayed on a BreathScreen, which is limited both by the length of a human breath and the contrast of the system.
Heroin Cut with Morphine?: An Ethnographic-Forensic Chemistry Case Study

This article uses a novel combination of ethnographic fieldwork and forensic chemical analysis to examine a single case study in order to illuminate the issue of adulterating illegal drugs with particular attention directed to the public health implications of these practices. Our analysis of an unknown powder acquired on the streets of New York City produced information that may be useful to health care practitioners and policy makers and demonstrates how the ethnographer's presence in the real world environment within which drug distribution and consumption takes place can be combined with rigorous verification in the laboratory. Our results indicate that the unknown powder, termed "morphine" on the street was, in fact, procaine hydrochloride at a purity greater than 99%. We conclude that the understudied problem of drug "cutting" contributes to morbidity and mortality among drug users in ways that are poorly understood and that continuous interdisciplinary monitoring of the content of illegal drugs in local settings is urgently needed.
Comparing and Combining Theories to Explain Proenvironmental Intentions

This article addresses the need for systematic theory comparison and development in environmentally significant behavior (ESB) research. Using logistic regression (N = 398), models based on Schwartz's norm-activation theory (NAT) and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) were compared as explanations of drivers' intentions to reduce or maintain their car use for commuting. NAT explained more variance (McFadden R 2 = .342). A model using NAT and TPB constructs was also tested. This explained more variance than either individual theory (McFadden R 2 = .379). A personal-normative variable (NAT) and perceived behavioral control (TPB) were the only statistically-significant predictors of intentions in the model derived from both theories. It is argued that combining NAT and TPB constructs accounts for a range of influences on car-use intentions that neither individual theory fully captures. A combined model may also apply to other ESBs, especially those perceived as reducing personal utility (i.e., entailing sacrifice).
Determination of Protein Composition and Host-Derived Proteins of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus by 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Objective: The occlusion-derived form of baculovirus is specially adapted for primary infection of host midgut epithelial cells. The virion contains proteins essential for host-range determination and initiation of infection. Determination of protein composition of the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) will help us to understand this virion’s infection mechanism. Methods: We obtained the ODV virion of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and used SDS-PAGE, 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify – for the first time – proteins present within or associated with the ODV virion. Results: 20 proteins, including 16 major proteins of the virion encoded by BmNPV and 4 proteins of the silkworm, were identified with confidence. Conclusion: Three BmNPV proteins (orf40, P95 and protein tyrosine phosphatase), which had not been detected as components of ODV previously, were identified in this study. We propose that the host-derived proteins may be important for the assembly and maturation of the ODV capsid.
Node Importance Ranking of Complex Networks with Entropy Variation

The heterogeneous nature of a complex network determines the roles of each node in the network that are quite different. Mechanisms of complex networks such as spreading dynamics, cascading reactions, and network synchronization are highly affected by a tiny fraction of so-called important nodes. Node importance ranking is thus of great theoretical and practical significance. Network entropy is usually utilized to characterize the amount of information encoded in the network structure and to measure the structural complexity at the graph level. We find that entropy can also serve as a local level metric to quantify node importance. We propose an entropic metric, Entropy Variation, defining the node importance as the variation of network entropy before and after its removal, according to the assumption that the removal of a more important node is likely to cause more structural variation. Like other state-of-the-art methods for ranking node importance, the proposed entropic metric is also used to utilize structural information, but at the systematical level, not the local level. Empirical investigations on real life networks, the Snake Idioms Network, and several other well-known networks, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed entropic metric, notably outperforming other centrality metrics in identifying the top-k most important nodes.
Neonatal toxicity and transient neurodevelopmental deficits following prenatal exposure to lithium: Another clinical report and a review of the literature

I report the case of an infant girl who was exposed to lithium during gestation and her follow‐up at the age of 1 year. She presented with transient neurodevelopmental deficits including lethargy, hypotonia, and poor oral feeding ability in the neonatal period. She required supportive treatment and made gradual improvement in neurologic functioning. On examination at the age of 1 year, physical findings and psychomotor development were normal. The English literature from 1978 to 2004 is reviewed. A total of 30 patients who were exposed to lithium during gestation with adequate clinical description were identified. A significant number of these babies presented with neurodevelopmental deficits and depressed neurological status including hypotonia, respiratory distress syndrome, cyanosis, lethargy, and weak suck and Moro reflexes in the neonatal period. The majority of these abnormalities resolved and most babies made full recovery. Other abnormalities were structural as well as functional involvement of the cardiovascular system, macrosomia, prematurity, jaundice, diabetes insipidus, and involvement of the thyroid gland. While the use of lithium during pregnancy does not appear to significantly increase the risk of congenital anomalies, it is frequently associated with perinatal complications and reversible neonatal toxicity. Suggested guidelines for appropriate monitoring of infants and breast‐feeding of exposed babies are presented. In addition, prenatal surveillance of women with bipolar disorders who are being treated with lithium is briefly discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urbanization, land tenure security and vector-borne Chagas disease

Modern cities represent one of the fastest growing ecosystems on the planet. Urbanization occurs in stages; each stage characterized by a distinct habitat that may be more or less susceptible to the establishment of disease vector populations and the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. We performed longitudinal entomological and epidemiological surveys in households along a 1900 × 125 m transect of Arequipa, Peru, a major city of nearly one million inhabitants, in which the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, by the insect vector Triatoma infestans, is an ongoing problem. The transect spans a cline of urban development from established communities to land invasions. We find that the vector is tracking the development of the city, and the parasite, in turn, is tracking the dispersal of the vector. New urbanizations are free of vector infestation for decades. T. cruzi transmission is very recent and concentrated in more established communities. The increase in land tenure security during the course of urbanization, if not accompanied by reasonable and enforceable zoning codes, initiates an influx of construction materials, people and animals that creates fertile conditions for epidemics of some vector-borne diseases.
Remediation of social communication impairments following traumatic brain injury using metacognitive strategy intervention: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a pilot study to evaluate whether a novel metacognitive, goal-based intervention improved and maintained the social communication skills of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Eight community-dwelling participants with TBI completed three study phases: (1) baseline, (2) eight-week intervention targeting social communication impairments and (3) follow-up. Participants completed the Profile of Pragmatic Impairment in Communication (PPIC), LaTrobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) at the commencement of baseline phase, pre- and post-intervention and completion of the follow-up phase. During the intervention programme phase, participants attended two 1-hour therapy sessions (one individual; one group) per week focusing on remediating impaired social communication skills using metacognitive strategy intervention and goal-based therapy. Results: Variable changes in PPIC feature-summary scores were observed post-intervention. A non-significant improvement in LCQ scores was also observed. There was a significant increase in GAS goal T-scores following the intervention, with six of the eight participants achieving or exceeding their expected level of performance on all goals. Conclusion: A goal-driven, metacognitive approach to intervention may assist individuals with TBI to achieve their personal social communication goals, with benefits reported by participants and observable during conversations. Further research is required.
Erste gesamtdeutsche Normierung der Kurzform des Gießener Beschwerdebogens GBB-24

At the end of 1994 a shortened version of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-24), was standardised using a sample of 2182 subjects aged 18 to 60 years, representative of the population of re-unified Germany (720 from East Germany, 1462 from West-Germany). The item norms are given for the whole group, while the scale norms are also subdivided according to gender, age (18-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years) and place of residence (East/West). The dependence of physical complaints on age and gender has diminished significantly since 1975, whereas the factor structure and the internal consistency of the scales have changed only slightly. The relative influence of further socio-demographic variables (education, income, partnership status, town/country, unemployment) and attitudes health on the scale scores of the GBB-24 are described. The results were also correlated with data from Giessen-Test (GT) and a questionnaire on life satisfaction (Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit FLZ), collected at the same time. As expected, significant relationships were found between Scale 4 (Depression) of the Giessen-Test and all scales of the GBB-24, particularly Scale 1 "Exhaustion". A significant relationship with life satisfaction was also found, i.e. absence of complaints corresponded with greater life satisfaction. As anticipated, this relationship became most evident in the area of physical health.
Endocast of Sambungmacan 3 (Sm 3): A new Homo erectus from Indonesia

A new fossil calvaria, Sambungmacan 3 (Sm 3), described in New Fossil Hominid Calvaria From Indonesia—Sambungmacan 3 by Márquez et al., this volume, yields one of the most advanced and complete endocasts yet recovered from Java. This communication provides a thorough interpretation of the external anatomical landmarks observable on Sm 3. Using computer tomography (CT) and traditional morphological measurements, our comparative paleoneurological analyses show that while Sm 3 has a mosaic of features that are similar to both Indonesian and Chinese H. erectus, it also possesses significant characters reminiscent of later hominins. These include a greater degree of asymmetry characterized by a possible left‐occipital, right‐frontal petalial pattern, left‐right volumetric cerebral asymmetry, and marked asymmetry in Broca's cap. Moreover, the frontal lobe offers a more rounded, shortened appearance in contrast to the flat, elongated appearance of other Indonesian fossils (e.g., Sangiran 17). Another unique trait is exhibited in the transverse plane where the widest breadth of Sm 3 occurs more superiorly than in other Indonesian H. erectus. Thus, the endocast of Sm 3 presents a unique morphology not seen previously in the hominin fossil record. While the strong modern human characteristics in this endocast may not represent a particular ancestry, they do allow us to recognize a new dimension of the remarkable variation in Indonesian Homo erectus. Anat Rec 262:369–379, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A structural equation analysis of the WISC-III in children with traumatic head injury

Abstract Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the WISC-III data of a sample of 171 children with traumatic head injury (THI). Analyses were designed to determine which of eight hypothesized oblique factor solutions, based on competing latent variable models that were identified in previous studies, could best explain cognition as measured by the WISC-III. The findings supported the four-factor model, as proposed in the WISC-III manual. This model (composed of Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Freedom from Distractibility, and Processing Speed) outperformed all other models in terms of model fit and parsimony. It is concluded that this four-factor model is the most accurate predictor of WISC-III performance variability in children with THI.
Porting the galaxy system to Mandarin Chinese

GALAXY is a human-computer conversational system that provides a spoken language interface for accessing on-line information. It was initially implemented for English in travel-related domains, including air travel, local city navigation, and weather. Efforts were started to develop multilingual systems within the framework of GALAXY several years ago. This thesis focuses on developing the Mandarin Chinese version of the GALAXY system, including speech recognition, language understanding and language generation components. Large amounts of Mandarin speech data have been collected from native speakers to derive linguistic rules, acoustic models, language models and vocabularies for Chinese. Comparisons between the Chinese and English languages have been made in the context of system implementation. Some issues that are specific for Chinese have been addressed, to make the system core more language independent. Overall, the system produced reasonable responses nearly 70% of the time for spontaneous Mandarin test data collected in a "wizard" mode, a performance that is comparable to that of its English counterpart. This demonstrates the feasibility of the design of GALAXY aimed at accommodating multiple languages in a common framework. Thesis Supervisor: Stephanie Seneff Title: Principal Research Scientist
Empathic neural responses to others' pain are modulated by emotional contexts

Recent brain imaging studies indicate that empathy for pain relies upon both the affective and/or the sensorimotor nodes of the pain matrix, and empathic neural responses are modulated by stimulus reality, personal experience, and affective link with others. The current work investigated whether and how empathic neural responses are modulated by emotional contexts in which painful stimulations are perceived. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we first showed that perceiving a painful stimulation (needle penetration) applied to a face with neutral expression induced activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relative to nonpainful stimulation (Q‐tip touch). However, when observation of the painful stimuli delivered to a neutral face was intermixed with observation of painful or happy faces, the ACC activity decreased while the activity in the face area of the secondary somatosensory cortex increased to the painful stimulation. Moreover, the secondary somatosensory activity associated with the painful stimulation decreased when the painful stimulation was applied to faces with happy and painful expressions. The findings suggest that observing painful stimuli in an emotional context weakens affective responses but increases sensory responses to perceived pain and implies possible interactions between the affective and sensory components of the pain matrix during empathy for pain. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks with HIV/AIDS in America: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to HIV infection is becoming a major public health concern in the United States. Epidemiologic studies show that prolonged use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV/AIDS itself, and a combination of traditional vascular risk factors increase the risk for CVD among people with HIV/AIDS. However, little is known about any racial disparities in the risk for CVD in the HIV/AIDS population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on HIV/AIDS and CVD (June 1, 2010-July 31, 2014) through MEDLINE to examine whether and how HIV-positive African Americans are disproportionately affected by CVD compared to their white counterparts. The corrected pooled effect from the eligible studies was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.22-1.30). Blacks living with HIV/AIDS have a higher risk for CVD than nonHispanic whites. The findings of this study provide an important basis for prevention efforts as well as recommendations for addressing the existing racial disparities in the risk for CVD among people living with HIV/AIDS.
A view of structural complexity theory

At several recent conferences, the question “What is Structural Complexity Theory? ” has been the source of some lively discussions. At this time there does not exist one commonly accepted answer but the intersection of almost all answers is nonempty. The purpose of this paper is to describe one answer to this question. We will not describe in detail recent technical results, although some will be mentioned as examples, but rather will provide comments about themes and paradigms which may be useful in organizing much of the material. We assume that the reader is familiar with (or has access to) the book Structural Complexity I, by Balcazar, Diaz, and Gabarro [BDG88]. What is desired in the formulation of a theory of computational complexity is a method for dealing with the quantitative aspects of computing. Such a method would depend upon a general theory that would provide a means for defining and studying the “inherent difficulty” of computing functions (or, more generally, solving problems). Such a theory would explain the relationships among assorted computational models and among the various complexity measures that can be defined in the context of the models and their different modes of operation, and explain why some functions are inherently difficult to compute. While any such theory must necessarily be mathematical in nature, it cannot be mathematics as such; rather, it must reflect aspects of real computing and contribute to the formal development of computer science. From the study of specific problems, it has become a widely accepted notion that a problem is not “feasible” unless it can be solved using at most polynomial space and a problem is not “tractable” unless it can be solved using at most polynomial time. Much of the effort in complexity theory has been placed on determining just what functions are
The Promotion of Executive Functioning in a Brazilian Public School: A Pilot Study

Abstract Studies have highlighted the role of early Executive Functioning (EF) interventions with regard to preventing behavioral and mental health problems. In this sense, interventions to promote EF have been developed and tested; however, in Latin America, evidence of early EF-related interventions is still limited. We developed a program for EF promotion in children and applied it to first-grade students. Sixty-eight six-year-old children and their five teachers were divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). EG teachers administered the Intervention Program for Self-regulation and Executive Functions in a classroom context. The results of the ANCOVAs showed that children in the EG had significantly better performance in measures of cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test for Preschoolers; p = .05), attention (Cancellation Attention Test – errors in the Part 3; p = .027), inhibition (Simon Task – interference score in the part 1; p = .008 and interference reaction time in the part 2; p = .010), and planning (CHEXI - planning scale; p = .041) than those in the CG. The results show that EF can be promoted using classroom intervention in public schools. These results expand previous findings for Latin America.