Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Death Education and Communication Apprehension regarding Dying Persons

Death-related attitudinal changes in students enrolled in a Psychology of Death and Dying course were compared to those of students enrolled in Introduction to Psychology and Introductory Communication. Results indicated that communication apprehension regarding dying persons (CA-Dying) was more highly correlated with many death-related variables than was generalized communication apprehension (CA). In addition, those in the Death and Dying class were more death accepting, and more likely to covertly express fears about death and dying than those in the remaining classes. While death acceptance and unconscious fears of Pain/Injury/Disease increased among those in the Death and Dying class, such scores decreased over a three month period of time in the Introduction to Psychology and Introduction to Communication classes. These findings suggest that CA and CA-Dying are independent, and indicate that individuals' likelihood of interacting with dying persons is a factor in the reduction of death fears via death education. While didactic death education may not reduce death fears and/or associated anxieties, it may make the discussion of such concerns more permissible.
Correlation between chronological age and third molar developmental stages in an Iranian population (Demirjian method)

Background: Third molar development is the only available tool for estimating the age of individuals after puberty. Since this tooth has very high interethnic variability, formulas calculated to estimate the age from its development stages cannot be generalized to other populations and should be adjusted for each region. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate this method in a sample of Tehran individuals for the first time, and also to compare the development of third molars across sexes and arches, and to estimate cutoff developmental stages for legal minor/major identification. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 dental patients aged between 15 and 25 years old were prospectively enrolled, and their Demirjian stages were recorded. The associations between chronological age and Demirjian stages were evaluated. Dental formation was compared between sexes and jaws. Cutoff stages were determined to identify legal minor/major cases (above or below 18 years old). Age estimation formula was found for this population. Results: Of the 150 included patients, 56 were males. The difference between the ages of males and females at each given developmental stage was nonsignificant (P > 0.05), except for the H stage. Age difference between same stage teeth of the maxilla and mandible was nonsignificant. Each of the G and H stages was significantly above 18 years old (P < 0.001). Furthermore, E and F stages were below 18 years old (P < 0.001). All the correlations between Demirjian stages and age were above 90% (all P < 0.001). Third molar development was positively affected by the chronological age (P = 0.000) and being maxillary (P = 0.000) but not sex (P = 0.113). Regression formula for age estimation was: age = 6.52+ (0.64 × sex) + (0.32 × arch) + (1.86 × Demirjian stage). Conclusion: Development of third molar might complete after the age 22. Iranian individuals with third molars at the G and H stages are likely above 18 while those at E and F are likely below 18. Pace of molar development differs for jaws, but intergender differences are open to further investigations.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ziprasidone in a Clinical Treatment Setting

There is limited information on the pharmacokinetics of ziprasidone (ZIP) in naturalistic clinical settings. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentrations of ZIP and its active metabolite S-methyl-dihydroziprasidone (SMDZ), and the dose-normalized concentrations, using routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining serum concentrations of these substances for routine clinical use was established at the TDM Laboratory in Linköping, Sweden. This analytical service was available to all physicians in Sweden. Between January 2001 and December 2004, 545 analyses, representing samples from 370 patients, were performed. The median daily ZIP dose was 120 mg (range 20 -320 mg). In all, 121 steady-state trough specimens with essential clinical information were included in the pharmacokinetic evaluation. The median (25th to 75th percentile) serum concentration of ZIP was 125 nmol/L (82-188 nmol/L). The SMDZ:ZIP ratio decreased with increasing serum concentration of ZIP. The median (25th to 75th percentile) dose-normalized concentrations (nmol L−1 mg−1 d−1) for ZIP and SMDZ were 1.13 (0.74-1.77) and 0.62 (0.45-0.86), respectively, with SMDZ:ZIP ratio of 0.57 (0.42-0.79). The overall coefficients of variation for dose-normalized serum concentrations of ZIP, SMDZ, and SMDZ:ZIP ratio were 62%, 56%, and 57%, respectively (n = 121). Smoking women had lower normalized ZIP concentrations than nonsmoking women. Twenty-eight patients with repeated eligible TDM analyses were studied for intraindividual variance over time. In summary, great interindividual and intraindividual differences in ZIP concentrations were observed. TDM of ZIP maybe used for individual dose adjustments and monitoring medication adherence.
Characterization of protection from systemic infection and disease by use of a modified-live noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 vaccine in experimentally infected calves.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate protection against systemic infection and clinical disease provided by use of a modified-live noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1 vaccine in calves challenged with NY-1 BVDV. ANIMALS 10 calves, 5 to 7 months of age. PROCEDURES Calves were allocated (n = 5/group) to be nonvaccinated or vaccinated SC on day 0 with BVDV type 1 (WRL strain). Calves in both groups were challenged intranasally with NY-1 BVDV on day 21. Calves' rectal temperatures and clinical signs of disease were recorded daily, total and differential WBC and platelet counts were performed, and serum neutralizing antibody titers against NY-1 BVDV were determined. Histologic examinations and immunohistochemical analyses to detect gross lesions and distribution of viral antigens, respectively, were performed. RESULTS After challenge exposure to NY-1 BVDV, nonvaccinated calves developed high rectal temperatures, increased respiratory rates, viremia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and infection of the thymus. Vaccinated calves did not develop high rectal temperatures or clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. Vaccinated calves appeared to be protected against systemic replication of virus in that they did not develop leukopenia, lymphopenia, viremia, or infection of target organs, and infectious virus was not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or the thymus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The modified-live BVDV vaccine protected calves against systemic infection and disease after experimental challenge exposure with NY-1 BVDV. The vaccine protected calves against infection and viremia and prevented infection of target lymphoid cells.
FAK, PDZ-RhoGEF and ROCKII cooperate to regulate adhesion movement and trailing-edge retraction in fibroblasts

A key step in cell migration is the dynamic formation and disassembly of adhesions at the front and the concomitant movement and release of adhesions in the rear of the cell. Fibroblasts maintained in the absence of serum have stable adhesions within the rear of the cell and exhibit reduced trailing-edge retraction resulting in an elongated cell phenotype. Addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced the movement of adhesions and retraction of the trailing edge, thus mimicking tail retraction in a migrating cell. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for Rho and the Rho effector Rho kinase II (ROCKII) are crucial for the regulation of adhesion movement and trailing-edge retraction. Downregulation of FAK by small interfering RNAs or small hairpin RNAs blocked LPA-induced adhesion movement and restoration of cell shape. This phenotype was rescued by the ectopic expression of PDZ-RhoGEF or a RhoA-effector-domain mutant that activates ROCK. Knockdown of PDZ-RhoGEF or ROCKII inhibited LPA-induced trailing-edge retraction and adhesion movement. Moreover, overexpressed PDZ-RhoGEF co-immunoprecipitated with FAK and localized to FAK-containing adhesions. These studies support a model in which FAK and PDZ-RhoGEF cooperate to induce Rho/ROCKII-dependent focal adhesion movement and trailing-edge retraction in response to LPA.
Addicts to artists: The ‘good enough mother’ in the substance abuse clinic

Psychodynamic psychotherapy has had a bad reputation in substance abuse circles. Despite widespread use of behavioral interventions, outcomes remain relatively poor. The emerging trend is to incorporate relational and other psychodynamic approaches into addiction treatment. The article describes use of Winnicott's concepts of the ‘good enough mother’ and ‘play space’ in an outpatient ‘art group’.
A theory of phonological weight

With the reissue of this treatise, an instrumental step in the development of both moraic phonology and prosodic morphology becomes available again. This text presents a comprehensive treatment of syllable weight in phonology and of its consequences for weight-related phenomena, proposing that the basic tier consists of weight unit equivalent to the morals of traditional synchronic and diachronic phonology. Turning to the unusual Golana language of Nigeria, which may lack syllables entirely, Hyman argues that the proposed moraic representations may even be applied to many apparently syllable-based phenomena "without" syllables.
Jealousy and Romantic Attachment in Maritally Violent and Nonviolent Men

This study investigated whether maritally violent males are more jealous than maritally nonviolent males. The subjects were 180 cohabiting men divided into four groups selected on dimensions of marital violence, marital satisfaction, and amount of counseling. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) revealed significantly elevated jealousy levels in the two abusive groups and also in the unsatisfactorily married, nonviolent group. Indeed, jealousy correlated negatively with marital satisfaction level. Although jealousy seems not to be the primary precipitant of battering, it may interact with other variables, such as emotional dependence, to increase the likelihood of marital abuse.
Working well with others: the prediction of students' clinical performance.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether multivariate measurement at the initiation of students' training in occupational therapy could predict clinical performance in Level II fieldwork. METHOD Forty-five students in their first semester were videotaped in pairs and completed personality and emotional communication measures related to the potential for working well with others. Two years later, the students' clinical performance was rated by Level II fieldwork supervisors. RESULTS In the physical rehabilitation fieldwork setting, students who were conventional and quietly concerned were rated higher than students who were unconventional, talkative, and less other-centered. In the pediatric rehabilitation setting, students who were autonomous and nonverbally perceptive were rated higher than students who were interdependent and less perceptive. In the psychiatric rehabilitation setting, students who were emotionally reactive to facial but not body cues of emotion were rated higher than students who had low emotional reactivity and were less perceptive to facial but not body cues. CONCLUSION The varying institutional cultures, types of patients, and roles of occupational therapy across fieldwork settings may require different sets of attributes for working well with others. Educators and supervisors should be aware of these possible differences when fashioning Level I fieldwork experiences.
Effect of pulmonary lymphatic obstruction on rabbit urine flow.

1. The effects of pulmonary lymphatic obstruction on urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion were examined on anaesthetized, artificially ventilated New Zealand White rabbits. Pulmonary lymphatic obstruction was produced by raising the pressure in a pouch created from the right external jugular vein. The experiments were performed on two groups of rabbits (non-hydrated and hydrated). 2. Pulmonary lymphatic obstruction caused a significant increase in urine flow in both groups of rabbits. After release of the obstruction, the urine flow returned to basal values. Urine flow (ml (10 min)-1) for both groups was initial control, 5.3 +/- 0.9; lymphatic obstruction, 8.9 +/- 1.0; final control, 6.2 +/- 0.7 (means +/- S.E.M.; n = 21, P < 0.025). 3. The increase in urine flow was not accompanied by significant changes in concentration of sodium and potassium in urine. Sodium excretion increased significantly only in the hydrated rabbits. 4. The increase in urine flow was abolished by bilateral cervical vagotomy and by renal nerve sectioning. Cooling the cervical vagi to 8 degrees C also abolished the response. 5. Pulmonary lymphatic obstruction did not produce any significant change in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, mean right atrial pressure and peak airway pressure. 6. These findings suggest that obstructing the lymph drainage from the lung results in a reflex increase in urine flow. The afferent pathway for this reflex resides in the myelinated fibres of the vagi and the efferent pathway in the renal nerves. The rapidly adapting receptors of the airways are likely to be the receptors involved.
Modeling Single-Phase and Boiling Liquid Jet Impingement Cooling in Power Electronics

Jet impingement has been an attractive cooling option in a number of industries over the past few decades. Over the past 15 years, jet impingement has been explored as a cooling option in microelectronics. Recently, interest has been expressed by the automotive industry in exploring jet impingement for cooling power electronics components. This technical report explores, from a modeling perspective, both single-phase and boiling jet impingement cooling in power electronics, primarily from a heat transfer viewpoint. The discussion is from the viewpoint of the cooling of IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), which are found in hybrid automobile inverters.
Structural basis for the neutralization and genotype specificity of hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis in humans, predominantly by contamination of food and water, and is characterized by jaundice and flu-like aches and pains. To date, no vaccines are commercially available to prevent the disease caused by HEV. Previously, we showed that a monoclonal antibody, 8C11, specifically recognizes a neutralizing conformational epitope on HEV genotype I. The antibody 8C11 blocks the virus-like particle from binding to and penetrating the host cell. Here, we report the complex crystal structure of 8C11 Fab with HEV E2s(I) domain at 1.9 Å resolution. The 8C11 epitopes on E2s(I) were identified at Asp496-Thr499, Val510-Leu514, and Asn573-Arg578. Mutations and cell-model assays identified Arg512 as the most crucial residue for 8C11 interaction with and neutralization of HEV. Interestingly, 8C11 specifically neutralizes HEV genotype I, but not the other genotypes. Because HEV type I and IV are the most abundant genotypes, to understand this specificity further we determined the structure of E2s(IV) at 1.79 Å resolution and an E2s(IV) complex with 8C11 model was generated. The comparison between the 8C11 complexes with type I and IV revealed the key residues that distinguish these two genotypes. Of particular interest, the residue at amino acid position 497 at the 8C11 epitope region of E2s is distinct among these two genotypes. Swapping this residue from one genotype to another inversed the 8C11 reactivity, demonstrating the essential role played by amino acid 497 in the genotype recognition. These studies may lead to the development of antibody-based drugs for the specific treatment against HEV.
Conflict Resolution in Parent-Adolescent Relationships and Adolescent Delinquency

This study examines the relation between conflict resolution styles in parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent delinquency. Questionnaires about conflict resolution styles were completed by 284 early adolescents (mean age 13.3) and their parents. Adolescents also completed a questionnaire on delinquency. Hierarchical regression analyses show that combinations of adolescents' and parents' conflict resolution styles are significantly related to delinquency. In adolescent-father relationships, the demand-withdraw pattern was found to be related to delinquency, and in adolescent-mother relationships the interaction characterized by mutual hostility was found to be related to delinquency. The results stress the interdependence of adolescents and parents in conflict resolution and demonstrate the need for investigating combinations of adolescents' and parents' conflict resolution styles.
`They Cooperate With Us, So They Are Like Me': Perceived Intergroup Relationship Moderates Projection from Self to Outgroups

Whereas projection of self-attributes to ingroups is ubiquitous, projection of self-attributes to outgroups (outgroup projection) is an elusive phenomenon. Two experiments examined the moderating effect of perceived intergroup relationship on outgroup projection and explored underlying mechanisms. Perceived cooperation versus competition between ingroup and outgroup was manipulated using fictitious (Experiment 1) or natural groups (Experiment 2). In both experiments, participants judged the outgroup as more similar to the self in the cooperation condition than in the competition condition. This effect was independent of recategorization, perceived intergroup similarity, and ingroup-to-outgroup projection. These studies demonstrate the very existence of outgroup projection and extend previous work on moderators of projection from self to groups.
Activity Determinants among Mexican American Women in a Border Setting

Abstract Background: Mexican American women have the highest leisure-time physical inactivity prevalence of any ethnic minority group. Purpose: This study examined a sample of Mexican American females living near the U.S.-Mexico border to determine whether the variables of age, health status, educational level, marital status, and acculturation distinguished between those who are physically active and those who are physically inactive. Methods: Participants included 379 women ranging in age from 22 to 58 years. Data was gathered through a self-report survey instrument with discriminant analysis used to test for variable differentiation between active and inactive subjects. Results: Present activity was comparable to national representative samples, and the discriminant function indicated higher acculturative status and better perceived health differentiated between those women reporting themselves to be physically inactive versus those reporting to be physically active. Discussion: Physical activity interventions targeting border Mexican American women should account for varying acculturation levels. Translation to Health Education Practice: To be effective, program strategies designed to promote physically active lifestyles among border Mexican American women should be linguistically appropriate and culturally sensitive to optimize behavior change.
Adolescence in Historical Perspective.

Adolescence, as we know it, was barely recognized before the end of the last century. An examination of various written materials from the period 1800-1875 uncovers (1) almost no usage of the word and (2) only a limited degree of concern with the stage (and its characteristic behaviors). About 1900, however, G. Stanley Hall and his students made adolescence the focus of a new current of psychological study. Their work evoked a broad popular response, though in subsequent years it was discredited in academic circles. The "discovery" of adolescence can be related to certain broad changes in American life-above all, ta changes in the structure of the family as part of the new urban and industrial order.
Education and the Life-Cycle

The life-styles and careers of women are the products of the culture in which they live, as much as the products of their individual efforts. As the culture undergoes rapid change, women's careers will be affected in ways that are not altogether predictable. It is no news that a host of technological, economic, and social factors are at work altering the lives of women: increasing longevity of women compared with men, acceleration of the events that constitute the family cycle and the changing connections between the family cycle and the work cycle, new controls over parenthood, the increasing proportion of highly educated women who marry, the increasing proportion who undertake high-status occupational careers and choose to create differing patterns of work and family commitments at successive periods of adulthood. The opportunities open to women are increasing, although still not rapidly enough to suit many of us. With more opportunities come more choices; and with more choices, new problems. We can be relatively certain of one thing: that the problems women face will probably change in the next ten years even more than in the last ten. Both the opportunities and the obstacles, particularly for women who are highly educated, will pose complicated and stub-
Competence and Learning in Late Career

Issues of late career have recently attracted much political and public interest but contributions from research have been meagre. In this article, a review is made of the literature on cognitive ageing and learning abilities in an occupational context. Multidimensional and non-linear perspectives are increasingly replacing models of late career as a period of declining expertise. Data from an European Union Framework Programme 4 research project ‘Working Life Changes and the Training of Older Workers' (WORKTOW), supports such a redefinition. Also, the optimistic scenarios for late career that are held out by the literature on ‘boundaryless careers' are challenged. A sociocultural framework that is more sensitive to the institutional and cultural context of age differences in learning at work is asked for.
Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology.

Abstract Theories in “soft” areas of psychology lack the cumulative character of scientific knowledge. They tend neither to be refuted nor corroborated, but instead merely fade away as people lose interest. Even though intrinsic subject matter difficulties (20 listed) contribute to this, the excessive reliance on significance testing is partly responsible, being a poor way of doing science. Karl Popper’s approach, with modifications, would be prophylactic. Since the null hypothesis is quasi-always false, tables summarizing research in terms of patterns of “significant differences” are little more than complex, causally uninterpretable outcomes of statistical power functions. Multiple paths to estimating numerical point values (“consistency tests”) are better, even if approximate with rough tolerances; and lacking this, ranges, orderings, second-order differences, curve peaks and valleys, and function forms should be used. Such methods are usual in developed sciences that seldom report statistical significance. Consistency tests of a conjectural taxometric model yielded 94% success with zero false negatives.