Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistic convergence in verbs for belief-forming processes

This paper has two goals. First, it aims to investigate the empirical assumptions of a recent proposal due to Olsson (forthcoming), according to which the generality problem for process-reliabilism can be approached by recruiting patterns and models from the basic-level research in cognitive psychology. Second, the paper attempts to generalize findings in the basic-level literature pertaining to concrete nouns to the abstract verbs that denote belief-forming processes. I will demonstrate that verbs for belief-forming processes exhibit the kind of linguistic convergence that is characteristic of basic-level words, although these words are not neatly taxonomically organized or associated with large feature sets. Next, I will evaluate and partially validate Olsson's proposal in light of these findings. I will provide some discussion of possible explanations of the results are discussed, as well as the impact these results have for structural models of basic-level advantage, and for the feasibility of the explanatory strategy that these models presuppose. Finally, I will conclude that even though no particular model is compromised by these results, they call into question the underlying explanatory strategy by highlighting its parochial nature.
Dynamic Motor Cortical Organization

Motor cortical organization has commonly been conceived as somatotopically ordered, with single body parts controlled from individual patches of cortical tissue. An opposing viewpoint suggests that motor cortex has a distnbuted, adaptive, and dynamic organi zation that underlies movement planning, performance, adaptation, and learning. Con verging evidence from anatomic, neurophysiologic, and functional neuroimaging sources indicates that the arm area of motor cortical areas in monkeys and humans has multiple, interconnected sites that ostensibly contribute to controlling various parts of the arm. These representations can exhibit rapid and sometimes enduring modifications following injury, changes in somatic sensory input, and motor learning. Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic motor cortical network of horizontal and vertical connections coupled with ascending thalamic and corticocortical inputs could provide a substrate for dynamic mod ulation of motor cortex functional representations. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:158-165, 1997
Cross-Protection against a Human Enteric Coronavirus and a Virulent Bovine Enteric Coronavirus in Gnotobiotic Calves

ABSTRACT A group 2 human coronavirus designated HECV-4408 was isolated from a child with acute diarrhea and is antigenically and genetically more closely related to bovine coronavirus (BCoV) than to human coronavirus OC43 (X. M. Zhang, W. Herbst, K. G. Kousoulas, and J. Storz, J. Med. Virol. 44:152-161, 1994). To determine whether HECV-4408 infects gnotobiotic calves and induces cross-protective immunity against the virulent enteric BCoV DB2 strain, gnotobiotic calves (n = 4) were orally inoculated with HECV-4408 and then challenged with BCoV DB2 at postinoculation day (PID) 21. All calves inoculated with HECV-4408 developed diarrhea at PID 3 to 4 lasting 5 to 9 days. Fecal and nasal virus shedding were first detected by reverse transcription-PCR at PID 3 to 4 and at PID 2 to 4, respectively. After challenge with bovine coronavirus, no diarrhea or virus shedding was detected in calves inoculated with HECV-4408, but a mock-inoculated calf developed diarrhea and fecal and nasal shedding. Fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG antibodies were first detected at PID 7 and PID 14, respectively. At postchallenge day 7, serum IgG and fecal IgA antibody titers remained the same or increased only twofold compared to prechallenge titers. An additional two gnotobiotic calves were inoculated with HECV-4408 and euthanized at PID 5. Moderate villous atrophy was observed in the small intestines, and viral antigen was detected in villous enterocytes of the small and large intestines by immunohistochemistry. These results support and extend the previous report that HECV-4408 is likely a variant of bovine coronavirus. They confirm its infectivity for calves and complete cross-protection against a bovine coronavirus (DB2 strain) showing 98.2% amino acid identity to HECV-4408 in the S protein.
An Exploration of Psychological Well-being with Young Somali Refugee and Asylum-seeker Women

The aims of this study were to explore individual and collective understandings of psychological well-being among young Somali (black African Muslim) asylum-seeker or refugee women. Three groups and five individual semi-structured interviews were undertaken and themes were identified using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes included resilience and protection; identity and beliefs; and concealment, distancing and secrets; which reflected acculturation, Islamic and Somali cultures. Spirit possession was explored in relation to culture and religion, mental health, protection and treatment. The women ‘get on’, cope with life, and value support from family, services and religion. However, the pressures to navigate conflicting and changing cultural and religious positions, and to conceal distress, frustrate accessing support. The young Somali refugees’ understandings of mental health and psychological well-being provide an insight for clinicians into the complexities of approaching services for help, and developing shared understandings transculturally. Clinically, the findings raise the paradox of how Somali women value support, yet also value concealment and fear disclosures. The variation and tensions reflected in the data from a small number of women highlight the importance of not stereotyping refugees, but exploring their individual beliefs and providing a range of service options.
Development of a universal double‐digest RAD sequencing approach for a group of nonmodel, ecologically and economically important insect and fish taxa

The generation of genome‐scale data is critical for a wide range of questions in basic biology using model organisms, but also in questions of applied biology in nonmodel organisms (agriculture, natural resources, conservation and public health biology). Using a genome‐scale approach on a diverse group of nonmodel organisms and with the goal of lowering costs of the method, we modified a multiplexed, high‐throughput genomic scan technique utilizing two restriction enzymes. We analysed several pairs of restriction enzymes and completed double‐digestion RAD sequencing libraries for nine different species and five genera of insects and fish. We found one particular enzyme pair produced consistently higher number of sequence‐able fragments across all nine species. Building libraries off this enzyme pair, we found a range of usable SNPs between 4000 and 37 000 SNPS per species and we found a greater number of usable SNPs using reference genomes than de novo pipelines in STACKS. We also found fewer reads in the Read 2 fragments from the paired‐end Illumina Hiseq run. Overall, the results of this study provide empirical evidence of the utility of this method for producing consistent data for diverse nonmodel species and suggest specific considerations for sequencing analysis strategies.
The impact of Game Sense pedagogy on Australian rugby coaches' practice: a question of pedagogy

Background: Recent developments in games and sport teaching such as that of Teaching Games for Understanding, Play Practice and Game Sense suggest that they can make a significant contribution toward the development of tactical understanding, ability to read the game, decision-making and a general ‘sense of the game’, yet empirical research conducted on their application in sport coaching lags behind research on their application in physical education. This article redresses this oversight by drawing on a study that inquired into the impact that Game Sense has had on elite-level rugby coaches in Australia. Aims: The purpose of the study was to inquire into the ways in which elite-level rugby coaches interpret and used the Game Sense approach to coaching and to explore the reasons for this. Method: This study comprises four case studies on Australian rugby coaches who were working, or had worked at, provincial and/or national levels. Data were generated through noted observations and a series of extended, semi-structured interviews conducted over a four-month period. A constant-comparative approach used in grounded theory was employed to analyse the data from the interviews. The analysis involved identification of themes and ideas and the development of substantive theory that was tested in subsequent interviews and connected to formal theory later in the analytic process. Results: The coaches in this study value games-based training using them to: (1) test skills in game-like situations; (2) develop decision-making and aspects of a ‘sense of the game’ through implicit learning that cannot be directly taught to players; and (3) develop match-specific fitness. However, Games Sense pedagogy has had a relatively limited influence on their coaching, with none of them familiar with either Game Sense pedagogy or the concept of pedagogy in general. Conclusion: This study suggests that while elite-level rugby coaches in Australia value games as part of their training, the distinctive, player-centred, Game Sense pedagogy has had little impact upon rugby coaching. This suggests that implementing significant change in coaches' pedagogical practice, such as that required for implementing a Game Sense approach, is not an easy task. A lack of attention to pedagogy in Australian rugby coach education programmes seems to have limited the impact of Game Sense on rugby coaching in Australia and is an area in need of attention in both coach education and the coaching literature.
A behavioural experiment in virtual reality to verify the role of action function in space coding

Neurophysiological data indicate that the reachable peripersonal space and the unreachable extrapersonal space are represented in segregated parietofrontal circuits and that when the unreachable space becomes reachable because of tool use, it is automatically coded by the network selective for peripersonal space. Here we directly tested the role of action's consequences in space coding. Thirty-eight participants bisected lines at either a reachable distance (60 cm) or unreachable distance (120 cm) using either a laser pointer or laser cutter. The laser cutter but not the laser pointer had an action consequence; the line broke into two pieces. The results showed that distance moderated the effect of action. At an unreachable distance, the mean bisection point was closer to the centre when participants used the laser cutter compared to when they used the laser pointer. There were no differences at a reachable distance (60 cm). This result suggests that the space in which the individual may determine a physical consequence is categorized as peripersonal space, independently from its actual distance from the individual's body.
Differential Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Relation to Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Pericarp of Litchi Chinensis Sonn

Litchi has diverse fruit color phenotypes, yet no research reflects the biochemical background of this diversity. In this study, we evaluated 12 litchi cultivars for chromatic parameters and pigments, and investigated the effects of abscisic acid, forchlorofenron (CPPU), bagging and debagging treatments on fruit coloration in cv. Feizixiao, an unevenly red cultivar. Six genes encoding chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were isolated from the pericarp of the fully red litchi cv. Nuomici, and their expression was analyzed in different cultivars and under the above mentioned treatments. Pericarp anthocyanin concentration varied from none to 734 mg m−2 among the 12 litchi cultivars, which were divided into three coloration types, i.e. non-red (‘Kuixingqingpitian’, ‘Xingqiumili’, ‘Yamulong’and ‘Yongxing No. 2′), unevenly red (‘Feizixiao’ and ‘Sanyuehong’) and fully red (‘Meiguili’, ‘Baila’, Baitangying’ ’Guiwei’, ‘Nuomici’ and ‘Guinuo’). The fully red type cultivars had different levels of anthocyanin but with the same composition. The expression of the six genes, especially LcF3H, LcDFR, LcANS and LcUFGT, in the pericarp of non-red cultivars was much weaker as compared to those red cultivars. Their expression, LcDFR and LcUFGT in particular, was positively correlated with anthocyanin concentrations in the pericarp. These results suggest the late genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were coordinately expressed during red coloration of litchi fruits. Low expression of these genes resulted in absence or extremely low anthocyanin accumulation in non-red cultivars. Zero-red pericarp from either immature or CPPU treated fruits appeared to be lacking in anthocyanins due to the absence of UFGT expression. Among these six genes, only the expression of UFGT was found significantly correlated with the pericarp anthocyanin concentration (r = 0.84). These results suggest that UFGT played a predominant role in the anthocyanin accumulation in litchi as well as pericarp coloration of a given cultivar.
Diagnostic approaches to borderline personality and their relationship to self-harm behavior

OBJECT: This study was designed to explore the relationship, if any, between diagnostic approach to borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the extent of self-harm behavior among psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Newly admitted psychiatric inpatients (N =77) were evaluated for BPD using a self-report measure, clinical diagnosis, and a DSM-IV checklist. All participants were assessed for self-harm behavior using the 22-item Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). RESULTS: Participants with a clinical diagnosis of BPD showed the highest prevalence of, and most potentially lethal, types of self-harm behavior, followed by those diagnosed as BPD by the DSM-IV checklist, and then by self-report measure. Participants diagnosed as BPD on all three measures showed the highest mean number of self-harm and potentially lethal behavior types. Prevalence and potential lethality decreased successively among those who were diagnosed as BPD on two measures versus one measure versus no diagnosis of BPD. CONCLUSION: Self-harm behavior appears to be a clinically concordant behavior type among the diagnostic approaches to BPD used in this study. Clinical diagnosis appears most sensitive to self-harm behavior, compared with self-report and DSM-IV checklist.
Policy and practice within arts education: rhetoric and reality

This paper reflects upon international arts education action and relative local in-action. The first half of the paper provides a brief narrative of the World Alliance for Arts Education’s advocacy work and the development of the UNESCO Seoul Agenda: Goals for the development of arts education. The second half of the paper highlights a dance education research project in New Zealand that relates to strategies and actions noted within the Seoul Agenda. This dance education research reveals both the power and impotence of policies and events such as the Seoul Agenda and International Arts Education Week. The research reveals that when you step off the global stage and turn to your own backyard, reality strikes hard. Arts education is valued, yet relatively few teachers, fewer schools and even fewer governments are actually willing to fully realise the potential of arts education. Arts education for all the rhetoric lacks commitment and investment. Using dance education as a lens, this research examines what teachers in New Zealand are doing in their classrooms and what this means for local communities, teachers, schools, teacher education institutions, advocacy and support organisations, then provides suggestions so that dance and other arts can fulfil their potential.
Perfectionism, self-efficacy and OCB: the moderating role of gender

Purpose – This paper aims to examine personality as an alternative explanation to social exchange in predicting OCB, and investigate the moderating role of gender in the link between personality and OCB.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted among 223 UK public sector employees. Multiple regression analysis tested main effects of personality and main and moderating effects of gender on OCB.Findings – Findings indicate that personality has significant explanatory power beyond that of social exchange in predicting OCB. Employees with high levels of adaptive perfectionism report higher levels of OCB. General self‐efficacy also predicted more participation in citizenship behaviours, but only for men. Women appear to carry out citizenship behaviours regardless of how confident they feel in being able to successfully perform. This may be attributable to social and organizational norms that place women in the role of “helper” and expect more communal behaviours from them than from men.Research limi.
Postmortem Stability of Monoamines, Their Metabolites, and Receptor Binding in Rat Brain Regibns

Abstract: The effects of postmortem delay, time of storage, and freezing, thawing, and refreezing tissue samples were studied in postmortem rat brain using conditions that reflect the handling of postmortem human brain before neurochemical analysis. The levels of monoamines and metabolites in the striatum and cingulate and occipital cortex were measured using alumina extraction and HPLC methods. Binding of raclopride to dopamine D2, SCH‐ 23390 to dopamine D1, ketanserin to serotonin 5‐HT2, 8‐ hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin to serotonin 5‐HT1A, and cholecystokinin (CCK)‐8 to CCK‐B sites was measured in tissue homogenates from the striatum or frontoparietal cortex. An 18‐h postmortem delay before dissection and storage resulted in region‐specific changes in monoamine and metabolite levels. Binding to striatal D1and frontoparietal cortex CCK‐B sites was reduced over the course of a 27‐h postmortem delay. Binding to D2 and 5‐HT sites was relatively stable. Storage of tissue for up to 8 months also resulted in region‐specific changes in monoamine and metabolite levels. No changes in receptor binding were seen after long‐term storage. Freezing, thawing, and refreezing tissue samples resulted in increased levels of striatal 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and decreased binding to striatal D2 sites. These results demonstrate time‐, temperature‐, and storage‐dependent regional differences in.the stability of monoamines and their metabolites and in binding to various receptor sites. These differences in stability and binding should be accounted for to interpret accurately the effects of neurological disorders on neurotransmitter dynamics in postmortem human brain tissue.
Treatment of Mycoses with Itraconazole

The efficacy of itraconazole, a new oral triazole, was evaluated at doses of 50-400 mg/day in 64 courses: 39 with coccidioidomycosis, and 25 with other mycoses. Among patients with coccidioidomycosis, 21 had pulmonary disease; 10, bone and joint; 8, lymphatic; 6, skin and soft tissue; 3, meningeal; and 1, urogenital. After a mean of 7.1 months of treatment, 17 of 27 evaluable courses (63%) have shown a full response; 8 (30%), a partial response; and 2 (7%), no response. Response to treatment was higher in patients with a shorter duration of illness and in patients with no previous treatment. After a mean of 12 months of treatment, two of five responders off therapy have relapsed. In patients with other mycoses, diagnoses include aspergillosis in six patients; histoplasmosis and tinea in three each; alternariosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, and chromomycosis in two each; and pseudallescheriosis in one. After a mean of 9.4 months of treatment, 14 of 23 evaluable patients (61%) have shown a full response; 2 (8%), a partial response; and 7 (30%), no response. All patients with histoplasmosis and blastomycosis have responded to therapy. There are no relapses among five evaluable responders after a mean of 9.2 months off therapy. In 512 patient months of therapy, toxicity has been minimal. Mean serum levels in patients receiving 200 mg twice daily range from 3.9 to 5.9 micrograms/ml for 8 hr after dosing, with a peak at 7 hr and wide interpatient variability. Itraconazole is well tolerated and has continued to demonstrate efficacy in the treatment of a variety of systemic and superficial mycoses.
Electrocardiographic and Troponin Changes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Cardiac enzyme elevation and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are frequent in ischemic stroke patients. The aims of our study were to determine the relationship between TnI levels, ECG changes and acute ischemic stroke. We compared the relationship between TnI levels and ECG changes with ischemic stroke severity, cardiovascular complications, unfavorable outcome and mortality. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were included. The demographic data, NIHSS scores at admission, abnormal ECG findings according to Minnesota code, TnI values (normal <0.06 ng/mL, elevated 0.06-0.5 ng/ml or very elevated ≥0.5 ng/ml), complications, localizations of the acute ischemic lesions in computed cranial tomography (CCT) and diffusion weighted images (DWI) and mRS in follow-up period were recorded. Results: Sixty-three patients had pathological ECG signs. ECG abnormalities were significantly more frequent in patients who had coronary artery disease, severe stroke and complications (p<0.05). TnI levels were normal (0.06 m/L) in 80 patients, elevated (0.060.5m/L) in 15 patients and very elevated (>0.5 m/L) in 5 patients. The multivariate analysis showed that T wave were independently related to elevated TnI (p<0.26). Elevated TnI was significantly associated with stroke severity, unfavorable outcome, complications and mortality during first month (p<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that poor prognosis was independently related to elevated TnI and AF (p<0.26). Conclusion: Monitoring of neurological status with cardiac monitoring may be an appropriate method for prevention of negative prognosis in addition to appropriate treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients for secondary prevention.
Aligned Matrix Completion: Integrating Consistency and Independency in Multiple Domains

Matrix completion is the task of recovering a data matrix from a sample of entries, and has received significant attention in theory and practice. Normally, matrix completion considers a single matrix, which can be a noisy image or a rating matrix in recommendation. In practice however, data is often obtained from multiple domains rather than a single domain. For example, in recommendation, multiple matrices may exist as user x movie and user x book, while correlations among the multiple domains can be reasonably exploited to improve the quality of matrix completion. In this paper, we consider the problem of aligned matrix completion, where multiple matrices are recovered that correspond to different representations of the same group of objects. In the proposed model, we maintain consistency of multiple domains with a shared latent structure, while allowing independent patterns for each separate domain. In addition, we impose the low-rank structure of a matrix with a novel regularizer which provides better approximation than the standard nuclear norm relaxation.