Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intervening to Enhance Proactivity in Organizations: Improving the Present or Changing the Future

A growing body of evidence has linked proactivity at work to positive outcomes. Yet little research to date has investigated whether employees’ proactive behavior in organizations can be facilitated through training and development. Nor has research considered which variables shape employees’ responses to such interventions. We investigate the effects on proactivity of two theoretically distinct training and development interventions in a randomized field experiment with police officers and police support staff (N = 112). We hypothesized that a problem-focused intervention, which made discrepancies between the status quo and the ideal present more salient, would lead to increases in individual task proactivity, whereas a vision-focused intervention, which made discrepancies between the status quo and an ideal future more salient, would increase organization member proactivity. Intervention effects were moderated by role overload and future orientation, respectively. Only individuals with high levels of role overload increased their individual task proactivity as a result of the problem-focused intervention, and only individuals high in future orientation increased their organization member proactivity as a result of the vision-focused intervention. Our study integrates different cybernetic perspectives on how proactivity is motivated and provides novel insights into moderators of interventions designed to capture these different mechanisms. From a practical perspective, our study supports organizations seeking to implement training and development interventions and helps them to determine who might benefit most from interventions.
Sex Pheromone Receptor Specificity in the European Corn Borer Moth, Ostrinia nubilalis

Background The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), exists as two separate sex pheromone races. ECB(Z) females produce a 97∶3 blend of Z11- and E11-tetradecenyl acetate whereas ECB(E) females produce an opposite 1∶99 ratio of the Z and E isomers. Males of each race respond specifically to their conspecific female's blend. A closely related species, the Asian corn borer (ACB), O. furnacalis, uses a 3∶2 blend of Z12- and E12-tetradecenyl acetate, and is believed to have evolved from an ECB-like ancestor. To further knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pheromone detection and its evolution among closely related species we identified and characterized sex pheromone receptors from ECB(Z). Methodology Homology-dependent (degenerate PCR primers designed to conserved amino acid motifs) and homology-independent (pyrophosphate sequencing of antennal cDNA) approaches were used to identify candidate sex pheromone transcripts. Expression in male and female antennae was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. Two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology was used to functionally characterize candidate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Conclusion We characterized five sex pheromone receptors, OnOrs1 and 3–6. Their transcripts were 14–100 times more abundant in male compared to female antennae. OnOr6 was highly selective for Z11-tetradecenyl acetate (EC50 = 0.86±0.27 µM) and was at least three orders of magnitude less responsive to E11-tetradecenyl acetate. Surprisingly, OnOr1, 3 and 5 responded to all four pheromones tested (Z11- and E11-tetradecenyl acetate, and Z12- and E12-tetradecenyl acetate) and to Z9-tetradecenyl acetate, a behavioral antagonist. OnOr1 was selective for E12-tetradecenyl acetate based on an efficacy that was at least 5-fold greater compared to the other four components. This combination of specifically- and broadly-responsive pheromone receptors corresponds to published results of sensory neuron activity in vivo. Receptors broadly-responsive to a class of pheromone components may provide a mechanism for variation in the male moth response that enables population level shifts in pheromone blend use.
MitoProteome: mitochondrial protein sequence database and annotation system

MitoProteome is an object-relational mitochondrial protein sequence database and annotation system. The initial release contains 847 human mitochondrial protein sequences, derived from public sequence databases and mass spectrometric analysis of highly purified human heart mitochondria. Each sequence is manually annotated with primary function, subfunction and subcellular location, and extensively annotated in an automated process with data extracted from external databases, including gene information from LocusLink and Ensembl; disease information from OMIM; protein-protein interaction data from MINT and DIP; functional domain information from Pfam; protein fingerprints from PRINTS; protein family and family-specific signatures from InterPro; structure data from PDB; mutation data from PMD; BLAST homology data from NCBI NR; and proteins found to be related based on LocusLink and SWISS-PROT references and sequence and taxonomy data. By highly automating the processes of maintaining the MitoProteome Protein List and extracting relevant data from external databases, we are able to present a dynamic database, updated frequently to reflect changes in public resources. The MitoProteome database is publicly available at http://www. mitoproteome.org/. Users may browse and search MitoProteome, and access a complete compilation of data relevant to each protein of interest, cross-linked to external databases.
Production of Biosurfactant and Heavy Metal Resistance Activity of Streptomyces Sp. VITDDK3-a Novel Halo Tolerant Actinomycetes Isolated from Saltpan Soil

Marine actinomycetes, Streptomyces spp. VITDDK3 was screened and evaluated for biosurfactant production and heavy metal resistance activity. Biosurfactant production was confirmed by conventional screening methods, including hemolytic, drop collapsing and lipase production activity. The isolate was also screened for dye decolourization activity. Haemolytic, drop collapsing and lipase production studies revealed that the isolate produced surface active agents. Agar diffusion assay for heavy metal resistance showed that the isolate was resistant to cadmium and lead. Biodegradation activity of our isolate can be envisaged from its ability to degrade nearly 98% of the azo dye and Reactive red 5B. Based on Hideo Nonomura's classification system, the isolate was considered to be a novel Streptomyces spp. Considering the biosurfactant production and heavy metal resistant activity of the strain, it could be used as potential strain for large scale production of the lead compound.
Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

The present article chronicles the history of the field of organizational justice, identifies current themes, and recommends new directions for the future. A historical overview of the field focuses on research and theory in the distributive justice tradition (e.g., equity theory) as well as the burgeoning topic of procedural justice. This forms the foundation for the discussion offive popular themes in contemporary organizational justice research: (a) attempts to distinguish procedural justice and distributive justice empirically, (b) the development of new conceptual advances, (c) consideration of the interpersonal determinants of procedural justice judgments, (d) new directions in tests of equity theory, and (e) applications of justice-based explanations to many different organizational phenomena. In closing, a plea is made for future work that improves procedural justice research methodologically (with respect to scope, setting, and scaling), and that attempts to integrate and unify disparate concepts in the distributive and procedural justice traditions.
Factors influencing sport tourists’ revisit intentions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among destination image, perceived quality, perceived value, satisfaction and revisit intention of sport tourism in Iran. Design/methodology/approach – Statistical population of this research consisted of those tourists who traveled to Mazandaran province in Iran as a sport tourism destination in 2012. A random sample of 1,250 tourists was asked to respond to questionnaires from which 886 accurate questionnaires were used for analysing data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the relationships among the research variables. Findings – The results showed that sport tourists’ perception of destination image, perceived quality and perceived value influenced their satisfaction and revisit intention positively. Originality/value – The results of this research help to better understand the behavioral intentions, which can be an acceptable basis to increase sport tourists’ visit and revisit of a sport destination.
Improved van Zyl Polarimetric Decomposition Lessening the Overestimation of Volume Scattering Power

This paper improves van Zyl’s Nonnegative Eigenvalue Decomposition (NNED). Orientation angle compensation and helix scattering are introduced to the decomposition. The volume scattering parameters that explain the most cross-polarized power are selected. If volume scattering and helix scattering explain all cross-polarized power in the measured coherency matrix, then simply perform van Zyl decomposition to the remainder matrix; otherwise, the measured coherency matrix is decomposed into three components, i.e., helix scattering, volume scattering, and one ground scattering. The latter two scattering are all modeled by Neumann’s adaptive depolarizing model, according to which some cross-polarized power is attributed to ground scattering hence the orientation angle randomness of volume scattering and the dominant ground scattering are obtained. In this way, all cross-polarized power could be well explained. Experiments using UAVSAR data showed that more than 99.8% of total pixels are well fitted. Negative power is avoided. Compared with van Zyl decomposition, volume scattering power is reduced by up to 8.73% on average. The given volume scattering power is often lower than that by three latest NNED.
The density of the Big Two: How are agency and communion structurally represented?

Communion and agency are fundamental dimensions of social perception and judgment. Previous research revealed a primacy of communion in social information processing. The present research investigates whether there is a similar asymmetry in the “density” of communion and agency. We test whether communal content is more densely clustered in memory than agentic content, that is, more similar to other communal content than agentic content is similar to other agentic content. Three multidimensional scaling studies address this question and suggest an interaction with valence: While negative communal content is more densely clustered than negative agentic content, we find no differences in density between positive communal and positive agentic content. In addition to enhancing our understanding of the fundamental dimensions and their structural representation, this research might open a new perspective on old questions regarding person perception and implicit personality theories.
A novel methodology providing insights into removal of biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from lateral morphological features of the root canal during irrigation procedures.

AIM To introduce and characterize a reproducible hydrogel as a suitable biofilm mimic in endodontic research. To monitor and visualize the removal of hydrogel from a simulated lateral canal and isthmus for the following: I) Ultrasonic-Activated Irrigation (UAI) with water, ii) UAI with NaOCl and iii) NaOCl without UAI. METHODOLOGY A rheometer was used to characterize the viscoelastic properties and cohesive strength of the hydrogel for suitability as a biofilm mimic. The removal rate of the hydrogel from a simulated lateral canal or isthmus was measured by high-speed imaging operating at frame rates from 50 to 30,000 fps. RESULTS The hydrogel demonstrated viscoelastic behaviour with mechanical properties comparable to real biofilms. UAI enhanced the cleaning effect of NaOCl in isthmi (P < 0.001) and both NaOCl and water in lateral canals (P < 0.001). A greater depth of cleaning was achieved from an isthmus (P = 0.009) than from a lateral canal with UAI and also at a faster rate for the first 20 s. NaOCl without UAI resulted in a greater depth of hydrogel removal from a lateral canal than an isthmus (P < 0.001). The effect of UAI was reduced when stable bubbles were formed and trapped in the lateral canal. Different removal characteristics were observed in the isthmus and the lateral canal, with initial highly unstable behaviour followed by slower viscous removal inside the isthmus. CONCLUSIONS The biofilm-mimicking hydrogel is reproducible, homogenous and can be easily applied and modified. Visualization of its removal from lateral canal anatomy provides insights into the cleaning mechanisms of UAI for a biofilm-like material. Initial results showed that UAI improves hydrogel removal from the accessory canal anatomy, but the creation of stable bubbles on the hydrogel-liquid interface may reduce the cleaning rate.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy for the Detection of Glutamate and  $\gamma$-Aminobutyric Acid in Serum by Partial Least Squares Analysis

Glutamate (GLU) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are important amino acid neurotransmitters that, respectively, mediate rapid excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. Serum GLU and GABA levels could play a significant role in pathogenesis of the encephalopathic state, early detection of autism, and the neurobiology of depression. The optimal concentration ratio of GLU and GABA is vital for neuroendocrine control, and deviations in their synthesis are linked to epilepsy. Additionally, circulating GLU affects GABA levels in striatal extracellular fluid. The present work explores the feasibility of employing surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, in conjunction with partial least squares (PLS) , for simultaneous measurement of physiological concentrations of GLU and GABA in their aqueous solution and blood serum. A PLS calibration model showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 >0.98) between the spectral data of GLU and GABA and their respective concentrations. The low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) value was ~2.7 μM, and it established the accuracy of the calibration model. The present methodology enabled the detection of GLU and GABA as low as 8 μM. This provides a cost-effective alternative to existing techniques for quantification of neurotransmitters.
Membrane bending is critical for the stability of voltage sensor segments in the membrane

The interaction between membrane proteins and the surrounding membrane is becoming increasingly appreciated for its role in regulating protein function, protein localization, and membrane morphology. In particular, recent studies have suggested that membrane deformation is needed to stably accommodate proteins harboring charged amino acids in their transmembrane (TM) region, as it is energetically prohibitive to bury charge in the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. Unfortunately, current computational methods are poorly equipped for describing such deformations, as atomistic simulations are often too short to observe large-scale membrane reorganization and most continuum approaches assume a flat membrane. Previously, we developed a method that overcomes these shortcomings by using elasticity theory to characterize equilibrium membrane distortions in the presence of a TM protein, while using traditional continuum electrostatic and nonpolar energy models to determine the energy of the protein in the membrane. Here, we linked the elastostatics, electrostatics, and nonpolar numeric solvers to permit the calculation of energies for nontrivial membrane deformations. We then coupled this procedure to a robust search algorithm that identifies optimal membrane shapes for a TM protein of arbitrary chemical composition. This advance now permits us to explore a host of biological phenomena that were beyond the scope of our original method. We show that the energy required to embed charged residues in the membrane can be highly nonadditive, and our model provides a simple mechanical explanation for this nonadditivity. Our results also predict that isolated voltage sensor segments do not insert into rigid membranes, but membrane bending dramatically stabilizes these proteins in the bilayer despite their high charge content. Additionally, we use the model to explore hydrophobic mismatch with regard to nonpolar peptides and mechanosensitive channels. Our method is in quantitative agreement with molecular dynamics simulations at a tiny fraction of the computational cost.
An evaluation of three commercially available metal artifact reduction methods for CT imaging

Three commercial metal artifact reduction methods were evaluated for use in computed tomography (CT) imaging in the presence of clinically realistic metal implants: Philips O-MAR, GE’s monochromatic gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) using dual-energy CT, and GSI monochromatic imaging with metal artifact reduction software applied (MARs). Each method was evaluated according to CT number accuracy, metal size accuracy, and streak artifact severity reduction by using several phantoms, including three anthropomorphic phantoms containing metal implants (hip prosthesis, dental fillings and spinal fixation rods). All three methods showed varying degrees of success for the hip prosthesis and spinal fixation rod cases, while none were particularly beneficial for dental artifacts. Limitations of the methods were also observed. MARs underestimated the size of metal implants and introduced new artifacts in imaging planes beyond the metal implant when applied to dental artifacts, and both the O-MAR and MARs algorithms induced artifacts for spinal fixation rods in a thoracic phantom. Our findings suggest that all three artifact mitigation methods may benefit patients with metal implants, though they should be used with caution in certain scenarios.
Specific language or working memory impairments: A small scale observational study

Study of the developmental relationship between language and working memory skills has only just begun, despite the prominent role of their interdependency in some theoretical accounts of developmental language impairments. Recently, Archibald and Joanisse (2009) identified children with specific language impairment (SLI), or specific working memory impairment (SWMI), or mixed language and working memory impairment (Mixed) based on standardized testing. In the present study, we report a first effort to provide clinical verification of these profiles by describing the social, behavioral, and academic characteristics of individual group members. Two each of children with SLI, SWMI, or Mixed impairments, individually paired with six typically developing classmates, were observed in their classroom, and their teachers completed questionnaires related to communication, working memory, and attention. Children with impairments were distinguished from typically developing children; however, relatively few patterns further distinguished the children with SLI, SWMI, and Mixed impairments. Interestingly, the children with memory impairments were found to have some language-related difficulties, and the children with language impairments, some memory-related difficulties. The limitations of these preliminary findings and future directions are discussed.
Do Nonprofit Organizations Manage Earnings towards Zero Profit and does Governmental Financing Play a Role

Prior research has documented earnings management in for-profit settings. Non-profit organizations are thought to pay less attention to the bottom line and earnings management research has therefore focused on the manipulation of expenses in order to improve efficiency ratios or taxable income, not reported earnings per se. Considering an institutional setting characterized by the absence of such ratios and the presence of important subsidies, management of the actual bottom line is analyzed in light of these subsidies. The results suggest that organizations drive their results toward zero profit, which is intensified by increased governmental funding when unmanaged results are positive. The relation between downward earnings management and the presence of subsidies is particularly evident for organizations whose accumulated reserves are high. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Resume Les recherches anterieures ont mis en evidence la gestion des resultats dans les organismes a but lucratif. Comme on postule que les organisations a but non lucratif se preoccupent moins du benefice net, les recherches en gestion des resultats se sont appesanties non pas sur les gains declares proprement dits, mais plutot sur la manipulation des depenses en vue d'ameliorer les coefficients de rendement ou les revenus imposables. En s'appuyant sur un cadre institutionnel caracterise par l'absence de tels coefficients et la presence d'importantes subventions, la presente etude analyse la gestion du benefice net reel a la lumiere de ces subventions. Les resultats indiquent que les organisations orientent leurs resultats vers des profits nuls qui sont intensifies par un financement gouvernemental accru en cas de resultats positifs. La relation entre la gestion descendante des resultats et la presence des subventions est particulierement evidente dans les organisations dont les reserves accumulees sont elevees. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β-Lactamase Inhibitors Derived from Single-Domain Antibody Fragments Elicited in the Camelidae

ABSTRACT Small, soluble single-domain fragments derived from the unique variable region of dromedary heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) against enzymes are known to be potent inhibitors. The immunization of dromedaries with the TEM-1 and BcII β-lactamases has lead to the isolation of such single-domain antibody fragments specifically recognizing and inhibiting those β-lactamases. Two VHHs were isolated that inhibit TEM-1 and one BcII inhibiting VHH was identified. All inhibitory VHHs were tight-binding inhibitors. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were determined for all inhibitors and they were all in the same range as the enzyme concentration used in the assay. Addition of the VHHs to the TEM-1 β-lactamase, expressed on the surface of bacteria, leads to a higher ampicillin sensitivity of the bacteria. This innovative strategy could generate multiple potent inhibitors for all types of β-lactamases.
Integrating Process and Structure in the Concept of Youth: A Case for Secondary Analysis

During its eighty-year history, the sociology of youth has provided a succession of partial explanations of the circumstances and responses of the young. The paper critically reviews this history and defines the challenge currently faced by sociologists: to develop a conceptual framework for understanding both the transitions young people pass through as they become adult, and the differential experiences of young people from different social groups. It is argued that such a framework requires the integration of the concepts of process and structure Secondary analysis of existing large data sets is suggested as an available means of meeting the challenge, since such data sets can provide both large representative samples which allow inter-group comparisons, and wide-ranging longitudinal data which allows the study of processes