Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of 50-nm Gate Graphene Nanoribbon Transistors

An approach to simulate the steady-state and small-signal behavior of GNR MOSFETs (graphene nanoribbon metal-semiconductor-oxide field-effect transistor) is presented. GNR material parameters and a method to account for the density of states of one-dimensional systems like GNRs are implemented in a commercial device simulator. This modified tool is used to calculate the current-voltage characteristics as well the cutoff frequency fT and the maximum frequency of oscillation fmax of GNR MOSFETs. Exemplarily, we consider 50-nm gate GNR MOSFETs with N = 7 armchair GNR channels and examine two transistor configurations. The first configuration is a simplified MOSFET structure with a single GNR channel as usually studied by other groups. Furthermore, and for the first time in the literature, we study in detail a transistor structure with multiple parallel GNR channels and interribbon gates. It is shown that the calculated fT of GNR MOSFETs is significantly lower than that of GFETs (FET with gapless large-area graphene channel) with comparable gate length due to the mobility degradation in GNRs. On the other hand, GNR MOSFETs show much higher fmax compared to experimental GFETs due the semiconducting nature of the GNR channels and the resulting better saturation of the drain current. Finally, it is shown that the gate control in FETs with multiple parallel GNR channels is improved while the cutoff frequency is degraded compared to single-channel GNR MOSFETs due to parasitic capacitances of the interribbon gates.
Pentagastrin-induced hemoconcentration in healthy volunteers and patients with panic disorder: effect of pretreatment with ethinyl estradiol

Panic disorder has been associated with both an increased risk of coronary events as well as an increased risk of stroke. Hemoconcentration, with both a decrease in plasma volume and an increase in plasma viscosity, is a possible contributor to the risk of acute ischemic events. Our objectives were to demonstrate the process of hemoconcentration in response to induced panic symptoms and to assess the effect of pretreatment with ethinyl estradiol on panic-induced hemoconcentration. Fifteen male patients with panic disorder and 10 male healthy volunteers were included in a double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled design consisting of two injections of pentagastrin following randomized pretreatment with placebo and ethinyl estradiol. Plasma levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin were assessed at baseline and post-injections, and used to calculate an indirect estimation of the change in plasma volume. Pentagastrin-induced panic symptoms were associated with a mean decrease in plasma volume of 4.8% in the placebo pretreatment condition. Pretreatment with ethinyl estradiol attenuated this effect. The acute hemoconcentration observed in relation to pentagastrin-induced panic symptoms may be relevant to the increased risk of stroke and acute coronary events found in patients with panic disorder.
Noncoding RNA of Glutamine Synthetase I Modulates Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

ABSTRACT Overexpression of antisense chromosomal cis-encoded noncoding RNAss (ncRNAs) in glutamine synthetase I resulted in a decrease in growth, protein synthesis, and antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor. In addition, we predicted 3,597 cis-encoded ncRNAs and validated 13 of them experimentally, including several ncRNAs that are differentially expressed in bacterial hormone-defective mutants.
Determination of Ghrelin Structure in the Barfin Flounder (Verasper moseri) and Involvement of Ingested Fatty Acids in Ghrelin Acylation

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is acylated with a fatty acid, usually n-octanoic acid, at the third amino acid (aa) residue (usually a serine or threonine), and this acylation is known to be essential for ghrelin activity not only in mammals but also in non-mammals, such as fish. However, the modification mechanisms of ghrelin modification in fish are not known. In this study, we elucidated the structure of ghrelin in a teleost, the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri), and determined whether ingested free fatty acids of various chain lengths participated in ghrelin acylation. Complementary DNA cloning revealed the barfin flounder prepro-ghrelin to be a 106-aa peptide and the mature ghrelin to be a 20-aa peptide (GSSFLSPSHKPPNKGKPPRA). However, purification of ghrelin peptides from stomach extracts demonstrated that the major form of the hormone was a 19-aa decanoylated peptide [GSS(C10:0)FLSPSHKPPNKGKPPR] missing the last alanine of the 20-aa peptide. Ingestion of feed enriched with n-heptanoic acid (C7), n-octanoic acid (C8), or n-non-anoic acid (C9) changed the modification status of the peptide: ingestion of C8 or C9 increased the amount of C8:0 or C9:0 19-aa ghrelin, respectively, but no C7:0 ghrelin was isolated after ingestion of C7. These results indicate that ingested free fatty acids are substrates for ghrelin acylation in the barfin flounder, but the types of free fatty acids utilized as substrates may be limited.
On room impulse response between arbitrary points: An efficient parameterization

Spatial sound field recording and reproduction in reverberant rooms require the measurement of room transfer functions (RTF) followed by room equalization to correct undesired reflections. Typically, the RTF rapidly varies over the room and hence requires an infinite number of point to point measurements to characterize the room. This paper provides a modal based parameterization of the two dimensional acoustic transfer function over a sizeable spatial region in which the source(s) lie and a sizeable spatial region in which the receiver(s) are located. As a result, a finite set of modal coefficients is shown to be capable of predicting the RTF between any two arbitrary points from the aforementioned source and receiver regions.
Antioxidant Activity , Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Some Tanacetum L . ( Asteraceae ) Taxa Growing in Turkey

In this study, five Tanacetum taxa (T. armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip. , T. cadmeum (Boiss.) Heywood ssp. cadmeum, T. cilicicum (Boiss.) Grierson, T. praeteritum (Horw.) Heywood ssp. massicyticum Heywood, T. praeteritum (Horw.) Heywood ssp. praeteritum) collected from Antalya were investigated for their possible in vitro antioxidant activity. For this purpose, methanol extracts of the aerial parts of these plants were tested with four complementary methods, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2’‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazolin‐6‐ sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging capacity, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Moreover, total phenolic contents of plant extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and their flavonoid contents were determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Results of present study revealed that, all plant extracts exhibited antioxidant effect with various potencies. Also it was determined that, T. praeteritum ssp. massicyticum, which showed the highest scavenging activity against DPPH radical (IC50=197.82 μg/mL) and ABTS radical cation (191.41 mg Trolox equivalents/g extract) as well as possessed the highest cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (138.86 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) among the plants studied, had also the highest total phenolic (149.93 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and flavonoid (33.42 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract) contents. Furthermore, T. cilicicum which showed lower activity than other plant extracts on DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC assays, was determined to possess the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (198.19 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract).
Identification and in silico modeling of enhancers reveals new features of the cardiac differentiation network

Developmental patterning and tissue formation are regulated through complex gene regulatory networks (GRNs) driven through the action of transcription factors (TFs) converging on enhancer elements. Here, as a point of entry to dissect the poorly defined GRN underlying cardiomyocyte differentiation, we apply an integrated approach to identify active enhancers and TFs involved in Drosophila heart development. The Drosophila heart consists of 104 cardiomyocytes, representing less than 0.5% of all cells in the embryo. By modifying BiTS-ChIP for rare cells, we examined H3K4me3 and H3K27ac chromatin landscapes to identify active promoters and enhancers specifically in cardiomyocytes. These in vivo data were complemented by a machine learning approach and extensive in vivo validation in transgenic embryos, which identified many new heart enhancers and their associated TF motifs. Our results implicate many new TFs in late stages of heart development, including Bagpipe, an Nkx3.2 ortholog, which we show is essential for differentiated heart function. Summary: The analysis of chromatin landscapes, complemented by a machine learning approach, identifies active promoters and enhancers in Drosophila cardiomyocytes, including many new enhancers and their associated transcription factor motifs.
Effects of Age on the Structure of Functional Connectivity Networks During Episodic and Working Memory Demand

The aim of the study was to investigate age-related differences in large-scale functional connectivity networks during episodic and working memory challenge. A graph theoretical approach was used providing an exhaustive set of topological measures to quantify age-related differences in the network structure on various scales. In a single session, 10 young (22-30 years) and 10 senior (62-77 years) subjects performed an episodic and a working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Networks of functional connectivity were constructed by correlating the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal for every pair of voxels. Statistical network parameters yield a global characterization of the network topology, the quantification of the importance of specific regions, and shifts in local connectivity. An age-related increase in the density and size of the networks and loss of small-worldness was observed, related to an expanded distribution of brain activity during both memory demands in seniors, and a more specific and localized activity in young subjects. In addition, we found highly symmetrical neural networks in young subjects accompanied by a strong coupling between parietal and occipital regions. In contrast, seniors showed pronounced left-hemispheric asymmetry with decreased connectivity within occipital areas, but increased connectivity within parietal areas. Moreover, seniors engaged an additional frontal network strongly connected to parietal areas. In contrast to young subjects, seniors showed an almost identical structure of network connectivity during both memory tasks. The chosen network approach is explorative and hypothesis-free. Our results extend seed-based and BOLD-signal intensity focused studies, and support present hypotheses like compensation and dedifferentiation.
Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations

A general introduction to the origins and history of Latin American populations is followed by a systematic review of the data from molecular autosomal assessments of the ethnic/continental (European, African, Amerindian) ancestries for 24 Latin American countries or territories. The data surveyed are of varying quality but provide a general picture of the present constitution of these populations. A brief discussion about the applications of these results (admixture mapping) is also provided. Latin American populations can be viewed as natural experiments for the investigation of unique anthropological and epidemiological issues.
The Microtremor Survey Method

Among geophysical methods, there are many techniques which use the “natural field,” “natural signal,” or “natural phenomena. ” For example, they include the gravity survey method, the magnetic survey method, the spontaneous potential (SP) measurement in electrical methods, the magnetotelluric method in the electromagnetic methods, and radiometric measurements (Dobrin and Savit, 1988; SEGJ, 1989). These are known as “natural field methods. ” These survey methods have been initiated, researched, and developed as means of understanding geological structure by measurement of the respective physical property. They are presently used in their own right or to augment other survey methods, but typically they are utilized as a reconnaissance method prior to committing to a detailed survey such as reflection or refraction seismic surveys. The ubiquitous, weak, low amplitude vibrations which may be recorded on the surface of the Earth are commonly called microtremors. These form one category of the “natural signals” or “natural phenomena. ” Until recently, there has not been an established method to positively harness this natural phenomenon for estimation of subsurface structure. Several research projects during the mid-twentieth century documented the kinds of waves that constitute microtremors and the relationship between microtremors and subsurface structure. Among them Aki 1957) and Toksoz 1964 suggested a potential application of microtremors to the estimation of subsurface structure. Research progressed through the 1970s concentrating on the detection of earthquake waves in records contaminated by noise, such as microtremors and pulsation (e.g., Capon, 1969). The success of research was facilitated by the concurrent development of digital recording systems that enabled the recording of earthquake data by multiple array observation networks and the processing and analysing of such data. The results of this researchwere applied to the detection of traveling waves among other kinds of vibration. In fact, such techniques were used to estimate subsurface structure (e.g., Lacoss et al., 1969; Liaw and McEvilly, 1979; Asten and Henstridge, 1984; Horike, 1985; and Matsushima and Okada, 1990a). The development of a new exploration method, designated the microtremor survey method (MSM) by Okada et al. (1990), for imaging subsurface structure, using natural microtremors has advanced over the last ten years. This survey method, if used effectively, can furnish a preliminary appraisal before a detailed survey for geological structure. Alternatively, this can be a means of extending scarce detailed data from point data to profile data, or profile data to plane data. " As the MSM utilizes the signal found in abundance anywhere on the surface of the Earth, the survey is simple and the operation does not require intensive environmental and safety precautions.
Paleoseismological Records of Multiple Great Earthquakes in Southcentral Alaska: A 4000‐Year Record at Girdwood

Analysis of sediment sequences beneath a tidal marsh at Girdwood, Alaska, record seven great earthquakes in the past 4000 years, including the M = 9.2 earthquake of March 27, 1964. The key theme that arises from studies of crustal deformation for the southcentral Alaska earthquake zone over timescales of the last few millennia is one of temporal and spatial variability. We have quantitative data to show both temporal and spatial similarities and differences for different earthquake cycles. There is not a fixed recurrence interval. The shortest interval is between ∼180 and 720 years. The longest interval is 790-920 years, which is between the penultimate and the 1964 earthquakes. Estimates of subsidence at Girdwood for each earthquake show values similar to or less than that recorded in 1964. Similarities between each earthquake cycle leads to a model for the Girdwood area with coseismic subsidence, followed by rapid postseismic uplift in the decades after the earthquake. This merges into centuries of slower interseismic uplift before a period of preseismic subsidence. Correlations with sites beyond Girdwood reveal regional-scale temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity in the crustal deformation processes.
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Changes the Frequency of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in the Intestine and Mesenteric Lymph Node in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the intestine in premature infants. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 improves survival and reduces the incidence and severity of NEC in a rodent model. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain intestinal homeostasis by controlling inflammation and inducing tolerance. To determine whether there are insufficient numbers of Tregs to control inflammation in NEC and to determine if LR17938 increases the frequency of Tregs, we studied selected groups of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats according to feeding plan: dam±LR17938, formula±LR17938, and NEC±LR17938. NEC was induced by gavage feeding with special formula and exposure to hypoxic conditions. Lymphocytes isolated from ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and thymus were labeled for T cell surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8) and intracellular Foxp3; and labeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD3+ T cells and Foxp3+ Tregs in the ileum significantly decreased in pups with NEC, compared to normal controls. Feeding LR17938 to neonatal rats with NEC increased the % of Foxp3+ T cells in the ileum while decreasing the percentage of cells in the MLN. Administration of LR17938 to dam-fed rats significantly increased Foxp3+Tregs in the ileum as early as day of life (DOL)1 but did not produce an increase in Tregs in formula-fed rats on DOL1. These results suggest that factors in breast milk may enhance the early immunomodulatory effects of LR17938. An anti-inflammatory effect of LR17938 in NEC was associated with the modulation of immune responses and induction and what appears to be migration of Foxp3+ Tregs to the diseased gut. Probiotic-facilitated development of Tregs might play an important role in the prevention of NEC.
Anomalous asymmetry of fusiform and parahippocampal gyrus gray matter in schizophrenia: A postmortem study.

OBJECTIVE Anomalies of structure and asymmetry of the parahippocampal gyrus (origin of the perforant path input to the hippocampal formation in the medial temporal lobe) have been shown in some postmortem studies of schizophrenia, but previous studies have not included the fusiform gyrus (which may have a role in facial recognition and naming), adjacent to the parahippocampal gyrus on the ventral occipitotemporal surface. METHOD The volumes of gray matter in the left and right parahippocampal and fusiform gyri were assessed with a stereological point-counting technique in the temporal lobes from formalin-fixed brains of 27 comparison subjects and 31 patients with schizophrenia. Age was a covariate and gender was a factor in the analysis. RESULTS In relation to the comparison subjects, the schizophrenic patients (both sexes) had lower volumes of both the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri on the left side. For both structures a left-greater-than-right volume asymmetry was present in the comparison subjects, but this asymmetry was reversed in the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri of the schizophrenic patients. A sex difference was present with respect to age at onset-degree of anomaly of asymmetry for both gyri increased with age at onset in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS The findings add substance to the view that the sex-related dimension of symmetry/asymmetry is integral to the disease process in schizophrenia and draw attention to the fusiform gyrus as a structure of particular interest in relation to disturbances of identification and naming in psychosis.
Dietary arginine requirements for growth are dependent on the rate of citrulline production in mice.

BACKGROUND In many species, including humans, arginine is considered a semiessential amino acid because under certain conditions endogenous synthesis cannot meet its demand. The requirements of arginine for growth in mice are ill defined and seem to vary depending on the genetic background of the mice. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the metabolic and molecular basis for the requirement of arginine in 2 mouse strains. METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) and C57BL/6 (BL6) male mice were fed arginine-free or arginine-sufficient diets (Expt. 1) or 1 of 7 diets with increasing arginine concentration (from 0- to 8-g/kg diet, Expt. 2) between day 24 and 42 of life to determine the arginine requirements for growth. Citrulline production and "de novo" arginine synthesis were measured with use of stable isotopes, and arginine requirements were determined by breakpoint analysis and enzyme expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In Expt. 1, ICR mice grew at the same rate regardless of the arginine concentration of the diet (mean ± SE: 0.66 ± 0.04 g/d, P = 0.80), but BL6 mice had a reduced growth rate when fed the arginine-free diet (0.25 ± 0.02 g/d, P < 0.001) compared to the 8-g arginine/kg diet (0.46 ± 0.03 g/d). ICR mice showed at least a 2-fold greater expression (P < 0.001) of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) than BL6 mice, which translated into a greater rate of citrulline (25%) and arginine synthesis (49%, P < 0.002). In Expt. 2, breakpoint analysis showed that the requirement for growth of BL6 mice was met with 2.32 ± 0.39 g arginine/kg diet; for ICR mice, however, no breakpoint was found. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that a reduced expression of OTC in BL6 mice translates into a reduced production of citrulline and arginine compared with ICR mice, which results in a dietary arginine requirement for growth in BL6 mice, but not in ICR mice.
Involving clinical staff in the design of a support tool improve dental communication for patients with intellectual disabilities

Communication within clinical settings is crucial for successful clinical practice. However, this is challenging when the clinician interacts with patients with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) who may have communication difficulties or find it difficult to understand the treatment process. The "Stories at the Dentist" project aims to develop a support tool to improve clinical communication between clinicians and patients with ID. This paper outlines a design workshop undertaken as part of a user centered design process.
Relationship between vitamin D, IFN-γ, and E2 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus

In this study, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and estradiol (E2) in females of childbearing age with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study included 22 SLE patients, and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), E2, and IFN-γ were measured by radioimmunoassay using the gamma-counter and ELISA. Patients and control subjects were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels (25(OH)D3 ≤ 20 ng/mL; 25(OH)D3 > 20 ng/mL). The median values of IFN-γ and E2 were higher in SLE patients compared to the controls, irrespective of vitamin D level (p = 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.003, and p = 0.003, respectively). In SLE patients, there was a negative correlation between IFN-γ and 25(OH)D3 (rs = −0.330; p = 0.03) and a positive correlation between IFN-γ and E2 (rs = 0.404; p = 0.007). This study demonstrates an interesting interplay between vitamin D, INF-γ, and E2 in SLE patients with inactive disease.