Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Untangling Neurons With Endothelial Nitric Oxide.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of age-related dementia, which, because of demographic shifts and increasing life expectancy, afflicts a growing segment of the world population and is anticipated to reach epidemic proportions in the decades to come.1 Central to the pathogenesis of AD is the cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and the microtubule-associated protein tau leading to the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, respectively.2 Much of the attention in this field has focused on neurons and on neuronal mechanisms responsible for Aβ cleavage from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and for tau phosphorylation, misfolding, and aggregation.2 In this issue of the journal, however, Austin et al3 shift the focus from neurons to cerebral blood vessels and provide evidence that the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) protects neurons from tau phosphorylation, thought to be a key step in tau pathogenicity.4 Although the findings implicate for the first time the endothelium in the molecular pathology of tau, they also provide further evidence of the importance of vascular factors in the expression of AD pathology. Article, see p 1128 Tau is involved in the assembly and stabilization of microtubular networks, interconnected track-like structures that shuttle mitochondria and other cargo between the neuronal soma and its most distant processes.4 Tau also participates in glutamate receptor signaling and is released extracellularly from presynaptic terminals during neural activity.4 In AD and other tau-related diseases, several post-translational modifications have been implicated in tau pathogenicity, including phosphorylation.4 Aberrant phosphorylation disrupts the assembly of tau with molecular partners resulting either in loss of its physiological functions or in a toxic gain of function because of mislocalization from axonal to somatodendritic compartments.4 Hyperphosphorylated tau becomes misfolded and tends to aggregate …
Iterative Learning Control with Switching Gain PD feedback for nonlinear systems

In this paper, we propose a new iterative learning control called Switching Gain PD-PD (SPD-PD) Type Iterative Learning Control for trajectory tracking of time varying, nonlinear systems with uncertainty and disturbance. In the developed control scheme a PD feedback control with switching gains on iteration domains and a PD type iterative learning control, based on previous iterations, combines tracking errors into the updated law. It is proven that the boundedness of the final tracking error is guaranteed in the presence of uncertainty, disturbance, and initialization error. The convergence speed is adjustable by the adoption of the switching gains in the iteration domain. It is shown that a fast convergence and a small tracking error bound can be observed by using the SPD-PD type iterative learning control.
HD 203030B: An Unusually Cool Young Substellar Companion near the L/T Transition

We present the discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the star HD 203030: a G8 V Solar analog with an estimated age between 130 and 400 Myr old G8 V. Separated by 11. ″9 (487 AU in projection) from its host star, HD 203030B has an estimated mass of 0.023 M☉. The K-band spectral type of L7.5 ± 0.5 places HD 203030B near the critical L/T transition in brown dwarfs, which is characterized by the rapid disappearance of dust in substellar photospheres. From a comparative analysis with well-characterized field L/T transition dwarfs, we find that, despite its young age, HD 203030B has a bolometric luminosity similar to the >1 Gyr old field dwarfs. Adopting a radius from current models of substellar evolution, we hence obtain that the effective temperature of HD 203030B is only 1206 K, markedly lower than the ≈1440 K effective temperatures of field L/T transition dwarfs. The temperature discrepancy can be resolved if either (1) the ages of field brown dwarfs have been overestimated by a factor of ≈1.5, leading to underestimated radii, or (2) the lower effective temperature of HD 203030B is related to its young age, implying that the effective temperature at the L/T transition is gravity dependent.
Gravitational wave versus binary - pulsar tests of strong field gravity

Binary systems comprising at least one neutron star contain strong gravitational field regions and thereby provide a testing ground for strong-field gravity. Two types of data can be used to test the law of gravity in compact binaries: binary pulsar observations, or forthcoming gravitational-wave observations of inspiralling binaries. We compare the probing power of these two types of observations within a generic two-parameter family of tensor-scalar gravitational theories. Our analysis generalizes previous work (by us) on binary-pulsar tests by using a sample of realistic equations of state for nuclear matter (instead of a polytrope), and goes beyond a previous study (by C.M. Will) of gravitational-wave tests by considering more general tensor-scalar theories than the one-parameter Jordan-Fierz-Brans-Dicke one. Finite-size effects in tensor-scalar gravity are also discussed.
Commonalities and differences in correlates of depressive symptoms in men and women with heart failure

Objective: (i) To compare the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms between men and women enrolled in a large heart failure (HF) registry. (ii) To determine gender differences in predictors of depressive symptoms from demographic, behavioral, clinical, and psychosocial factors in HF patients. Methods: In 622 HF patients (70% male, 61 ± 13 years, 59% NYHA class III/IV), depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Potential correlates were age, ethnicity, education, marital and financial status, smoking, exercise, body mass index (BMI), HF etiology, NYHA class, comorbidities, functional capacity, anxiety, and perceived control. To identify gender-specific correlates of depressive symptoms, separate logistic regression models were built by gender. Results: Correlates of depressive symptoms in men were financial status (p = 0.027), NYHA (p = 0.001); functional capacity (p < 0.001); health perception (p = 0.043); perceived control (p = 0.002) and anxiety (p < 0.001). Correlates of depressive symptoms in women were BMI (p = 0.003); perceived control (p = 0.013) and anxiety (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In HF patients, lowering depressive symptoms may require gender-specific interventions focusing on weight management in women and improving perceived functional capacity in men. Both men and women with HF may benefit from anxiety reduction and increased control.
Contextual Effect of Wealth on Independence: An Examination through Regional Differences in China

The current study disentangled two different effects of wealth on psychological tendency toward independence: one is an effect exerted at the individual level (i.e., being rich) and the other one is a contextual effect (i.e., being surrounded by rich individuals). Past research has found a stronger tendency toward independence among people in economically developed societies. This association has often been explained as a result of a greater amount of choices, and thus more opportunities to express individuality that wealth affords individuals. In addition to this individual-level process, theories in cultural psychology imply that the wealth-independence link also reflects social processes—living in a rich society, regardless of one’s own wealth, promotes independence (contextual effect of wealth on independence). Through a large-scale survey in China, using multilevel analyses, we found that wealth had both the individual-level effect and contextual effect on independence as well as related psychological tendencies (influence orientation and generalized trust), suggesting that individuals are more likely to be independent with greater personal wealth and when surrounded by wealthy others. Possible processes through which independence is promoted by liing in a wealthy area are discussed.
Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas

This paper addresses digital communication in a Rayleigh fading environment when the channel characteristic is unknown at the transmitter but is known (tracked) at the receiver. Inventing a codec architecture that can realize a significant portion of the great capacity promised by information theory is essential to a standout long-term position in highly competitive arenas like fixed and indoor wireless. Use (nT, nR) to express the number of antenna elements at the transmitter and receiver. An (n, n) analysis shows that despite the n received waves interfering randomly, capacity grows linearly with n and is enormous. With n = 8 at 1% outage and 21-dB average SNR at each receiving element, 42 b/s/Hz is achieved. The capacity is more than 40 times that of a (1, 1) system at the same total radiated transmitter power and bandwidth. Moreover, in some applications, n could be much larger than 8. In striving for significant fractions of such huge capacities, the question arises: Can one construct an (n, n) system whose capacity scales linearly with n, using as building blocks n separately coded one-dimensional (1-D) subsystems of equal capacity? With the aim of leveraging the already highly developed 1-D codec technology, this paper reports just such an invention. In this new architecture, signals are layered in space and time as suggested by a tight capacity bound.
Does a SWT Reverse Contagion Effect Exist from Humans to Automation?

This study examines passengers’ level of trust after a failure in a member of the flight crew. This study seeks to establish the possible presence of a reverse contagion effect wherein passenger trust in automated system components is affected by an error in a human system element. Trust was measured in five human entities and five automated aids with participants from both India and the United States. The human entities include the pilot, the co-pilot, the flight attendant, the maintenance manager, and the CEO of the airline. The automated aids were the oxygen masks, the auto-pilot system, the airplane’s flaps, the landing gear, and the video screens on the backs of the seats. This study was conducted in three stages, including two three-way ANOVAs to determine to effect, and meditation analyses to determine if affect mediates the effect. Participants were posed with two hypothetical scenarios, a control condition and a failure condition. The participants rated their levels of trust in the five different human entities and the five different automated aids. Trust was measured on a 7-point Likert type scale from –3 to +3. Questions relating to the participants’ feelings were also asked to measure affect. The results showed a decrease in trust in the automated aid after the human failure, as well as a country effect, and a mediating effect of affect.
sympatho-sympathetic reflexes in cats lateral tegmental field neurons mediate Rostral ventrolateral medullary but not medullary

sympatho-sympathetic reflexes in cats lateral tegmental field neurons mediate Rostral ventrolateral medullary but not medullary You might find this additional info useful. ranging from molecules to humans, including clinical investigations. It is published 12 times a year (monthly) by the American illuminate normal or abnormal regulation and integration of physiological mechanisms at all levels of biological organization, publishes original investigations that
Improved registration system of Cloudtarun over Android Devices

In this paper we have shown the some improvement in the registration system of the Cloud based application cloudtarun for Android Devices. We examine a technology called Cloud to Device Messaging and how well it integrates with cloud computing. In our investigation we look at the performance of the library, integration with Google App Engine and also the development tools including the API. We had done the performance tests of our application Cloudtarun and to make user registration system easy & simpler, we introduce a new open source library we call Simple-Cloudtarun.
FDF03, a Novel Inhibitory Receptor of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily, Is Expressed by Human Dendritic and Myeloid Cells1

In this study, we describe human FDF03, a novel member of the Ig superfamily expressed as a monomeric 44-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein and containing a single extracellular V-set Ig-like domain. Two potential secreted isoforms were also identified. The gene encoding FDF03 mapped to chromosome 7q22. FDF03 was mostly detected in hemopoietic tissues and was expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes, but not by lymphocytes (B, T, and NK cells), indicating an expression restricted to cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. FDF03 was also strongly expressed by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and preferentially by CD14+/CD1a− DC derived from CD34+ progenitors. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis showed FDF03 expression by CD11c+ blood and tonsil DC, but not by CD11c− DC precursors. The FDF03 cytoplasmic tail contained two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like sequences. When overexpressed in pervanadate-treated U937 cells, FDF03 was tyrosine-phosphorylated and recruited Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-2 and to a lesser extent SHP-1. Like engagement of the ITIM-bearing receptor LAIR-1/p40, cross-linking of FDF03 inhibited calcium mobilization in response to CD32/FcγRII aggregation in transfected U937 cells, thus demonstrating that FDF03 can function as an inhibitory receptor. However, in contrast to LAIR-1/p40, cross-linking of FDF03 did not inhibit GM-CSF-induced monocyte differentiation into DC. Thus, FDF03 is a novel ITIM-bearing receptor selectively expressed by cells of myeloid origin, including DC, that may regulate functions other than that of the broadly distributed LAIR-1/p40 molecule.
Projections of cancer incidence and cancer‐related deaths in Germany by 2020 and 2030

Past patterns of cancer disease and future changes in the demographic structure have a major influence on the projected incidences of human malignancies. In Germany, nearly a quarter of men and 20% of women die of cancer, and it is estimated that in Germany around 51% men and 43% women will develop cancer during lifetime. Here, we project the cancer incidence case number as well as the number of deaths for the most common cancers in the German population for the years 2020 and 2030. By 2030, prostate cancer will be the most common malignancy, surpassing breast cancer. Lung cancer will rank third most frequent cancer and will remain the most common cause of cancer‐related mortality. Additionally, our projections show a marked increase in liver cancer cases with a continuous rise in liver cancer‐related deaths. Finally, we project a constant increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Based on our projections, pancreatic cancer will surpass colorectal and breast cancer to rank as the second most common cause of cancer‐related deaths in Germany by 2030.
The Use of Games as Extrinisic Motivation in Education

This paper presents results of a controlled trial using a clash-of-clans style game as an extrinsic motivator to encourage revision in 15-16 year olds preparing for a maths exam. The trial demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in performance among those using the game. We discuss differences between our work and a previous trial that showed no performance improvement from an extrinsically linked educational game, and present hypotheses as to why the game structure we used may be effective within our chosen deployment environment.
AVISARME: Audio Visual Synchronization Algorithm for a Robotic Musician Ensemble

Title of Thesis: AVISARME: Audio-Visual Synchronization Algorithm for a Robotic Musician Ensemble David R Berman, Master of Science, 2012 Thesis directed by: Professor Nikhil Chopra Department of Mechanical Engineering This thesis presents a beat detection algorithm which combines both audio and visual inputs to synchronize a robotic musician to its human counterpart. Although there has been considerable work done to create sophisticated methods for audio beat detection, the visual aspect of musicianship has been largely ignored. With advancements in image processing techniques, as well as both computer and imaging technologies, it has recently become feasible to integrate visual inputs into beat detection algorithms. Additionally, the proposed method for audio tempo detection also attempts to solve many issues that are present in current algorithms. Current audio-only algorithms have imperfections, whether they are inaccurate, too computationally expensive, or suffer from terrible resolution. Through further experimental testing on both a popular music database and simulated music signals, the proposed algorithm performed statistically better in both accuracy and robustness than the baseline approaches. Furthermore, the proposed approach is extremely efficient, taking only 45ms to compute on a 2.5s signal, and maintains an extremely high temporal resolution of 0.125 BPM. The visual integration also relies on Full Scene Tracking, allowing it to be utilized for live beat detection for practically all musicians and instruments. Numerous optimization techniques have been implemented, such as pyramidal optimization (PO) and clustering techniques which are presented in this thesis. A Temporal Difference Learning approach to sensor fusion and beat synchronization is also proposed and tested thoroughly. This TD learning algorithm implements a novel policy switching criterion which provides a stable, yet quickly reacting estimation of tempo. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested on a robotic drummer to verify the validity of the approach. The results from testing are documented in great detail and compared with previously proposed approaches. AVISARME: Audio-Visual Synchronization Algorithm for a Robotic Musician Ensemble
Oral Health Scales: Design of an Oral Health Scale of Infectious Potential

Objectives: In this paper we propose a new Global Oral Health Scale that will allow the infectious potential of the oral cavity, clinically manifest as local and focal infections, to be condensed into a single parameter. Study Design: Based on a number of oral health scales previously designed by our group, we designed a final version that incorporates dental and periodontal variables (some of them evaluated using corroborated objective indices) that reflect the presence of caries and periodontal disease. Results: The application of the proposed oral health scale requires the examination of 6 sites per tooth (mesio-buccal, medio-buccal, disto-buccal, disto-lingual, medio-lingual and mesio-lingual). The following variables are analysed: number of tooth surfaces with supragingival plaque, determined using the O’Leary index; number of teeth with caries and the severity of the caries; number of tooth surfaces with gingival inflammation, determined using the Ainamo and Bay index; and number of tooth surfaces with pockets ? 4 mm and severity of the pockets. These variables are then grouped into 2 categories, dental and periodontal. The final grades of dental and periodontal health correspond to the grades assigned to a least 2 of the 3 variables analysed in each of these categories. The category (dental or periodontal) with the highest grade is the one that determines the grade of the Global Oral Health Scale. Conclusion: This scale could be particularly useful for the epidemiological studies comparing different populations and for analysis of the influence of distinct degrees of oral health on the development of certain systemic diseases. Key words:Scale, oral health, infectious potential, systemic disease.
Heavy air pollution episodes in Beijing during January 2013: inorganic ion chemistry and source analysis using Highly Time-Resolved Measurements in an urban site

Abstract. Heavy air pollution episodes occurred in Beijing in January 2013 attracted intensively attention around the whole world. During this period, the authors conducted highly time-resolved measurements of water soluble ions associated with PM 2.5 at an urban site, and attempted to distinguish the ion chemistry and potential sources. In this study, hourly mean concentrations of Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ were measured during the air pollution episode in January 2013, and the ions were found to exist mainly in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NaCl and KCl in aerosol particles by correlation and linear analysis. SO 4 2− and NO 3 − were observed peak concentrations in 10–15, 18–20, 21–24, and 26–30 January during this monitoring campaign. The percentage of SO 4 2− and NH 4 + in total ions concentrations exhibited an increasing trend with the enhancement of PM 2.5 concentration, indicating high concentrations of SO 4 2− and NH 4 + had played important roles in the formation of air pollution episodes. Ratio of [NO 3 − ]/[SO 4 2− ] was calculated, finding the sources of SO 4 2− would contribute more to the formation of PM 2.5 than mobile sources. Diurnal variations of SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , NH 4 + were examined, and all of them exhibited similar pattern with high concentration in night and relative low level at daytime. Emission from coal combustion, remote transportation at night or impact of meteorological was likely to be responsible for the high level of SO 4 2− , NH 4 + andNO 3 − . Potential sources were identified by applying PMF. Secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, coal combustion and biomass burning, as well as fugitive dust were considered as the major contributors to total ions.
Localized Learning and Industrial Competitiveness

Localised Learning and Industrial Competitiveness Peter Maskell and Anders Malmberg BRIE Working Paper 80 October 1995 Paper presented at the Regional Studies Association European Conference on Regional Futures Gothenburg, 6. -9. May 1995 Peter Maskell, Copenhagen Business School, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID/2), Nansensgade 19,2, DK-1399 Copenhagen K, Denmark, ( +45 3815 2881, Fax: +45 3929 2226, E-Mail: MASKELL/TTR@CBS.DK Anders Malmberg, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Norbyvagen 18 B, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden, ( +46 1818 2534, Fax: +46 1851 4116, E-mail: ANDERS.MALMBERG@KULTGEOG.UU.SE. The paper is based on research by the authors as part of the project Regional Production Systems in the Nordic Countries supported by the Nordic Institute for Regional Research (NordREFO). Table of Contents Abstract Introduction: Towards the knowledge-based economy Knowledge creation Limits to learning Regional capabilities, institutions and localised learning. Enhanced knowledge creation: industrial districts