Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mirovinski sustav Srbije u svjetlu krize

Mjere koje se u Srbiji provode kao odgovor na krizu ne podrazumijevaju preispitivanje sustava u cjelini, vec se donose kao odraz nužnosti na rashodnoj strani. Pojedine mjere obrazlažu se razlicitim nacelima pa postaje uocljivo da nije jasno definiran model kome se teži. Pod pritiskom krize postaje posebno vidljivo da se javni mirovinski sustav sve vise pomjera u pravcu koji ce omogucavati samo smanjenje siromastva u starosti i to u apsolutnom smislu, a ne i održanje standarda nakon umirovljenja. Ovakvo opredjeljenje, ukoliko bi se prihvatilo i na duži rok zadržalo, zahtijeva i određeno redizajniranje postojeceg sustava, kako ne bi doslo do urusavanja njegove unutrasnje logike. Nejasno je, međutim, nastaje li ova sustinska konceptualna promjena kao rezultat strateske i utemeljene odluke ili slucajno. Naposljetku, sve vece oslanjanje na budžetsko financiranje pokrece i pitanje opravdanosti osiguravanja mirovina samo za stare koji su uplacivali mirovinsko osiguranje i potrebu da se sustav preispita i s tog aspekta.
Pulmonary embolism: epidemiological data and diagnosis in Kinshasa hospitals.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism (PE) is common but difficult to diagnose. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of PE in Kinshasa hospitals. METHOD This was a retrospective study in 158 cases with suspected PE. RESULTS The prevalence of PE was 37% among cases with suspicion of the disease. Male sex was predominant (55%). The mean age was 55 ± 15 years. The main risk factors were obesity (53%), immobilisation (43%) and surgery (14%). The main symptoms were dyspnoea (98%), cough (59%), chest pain (43%) and unilateral limb pain (36%). Tachypnoea (88%), tachycardia (53%) and signs of deep-vein thrombosis (36%) were the main clinical presentations. Lung examination was normal in 55% of the patients. PE prevalence in the 'PE likely' category based on the Wells score was 53%. Levels of D-dimers were elevated in all patients. Sinus tachycardia (72%), S1Q3T3 pattern (30%) and T-wave inversion in V1-V4 (34%) were the main electrocardiographic abnormalities. Chest X-ray was normal in 30% of patients. Right ventricular pressure overload was detected in 58% of patients who had access to echocardiography. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography was performed in 65% of patients. All patients were treated with anticoagulants; no cases received thrombolytics. Patients who died (7%) were all in class III-V according to the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index prognostic score. CONCLUSION PE is common in Kinshasa, with characteristics similar to those reported in the literature.
Apparel-related participation barriers: ability, adaptation and engagement

Abstract Purpose: To document apparel-related barriers faced by people with disabilities (PWD) and their families as they attempted to engage in various aspects of social participation, and explore the often invisible relationship between apparel-related barriers and disablement. Method: For this qualitative research, we used focus groups to interview PWD, their caregivers and/or parents and health providers to document the experience of apparel-related barriers to community or social participation. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to analyse interview transcripts and noted. Results: Participant’s responses were grouped into categories of unmet need for adaptive apparel as well as a list of specific apparel-related barriers that participants struggled to navigate in daily life; including functional, cultural and sensory-based issues. Conclusions: The lack of adequate accessible apparel for PWD exacerbated barriers to community participation and disablement, and identified the need for innovation in design, production, distribution and sale, of adaptive clothing. Implications for Rehabilitation The lack of adaptive or appropriate clothing or apparel for people living with disabilities can become a barrier, preventing engagement in meaningful activities, yet these barriers are not often explicitly identified. Cultural issues regarding clothing and the process of dressing may become unspoken barriers to engagement in meaningful activities, impacting the way care services are assigned. Rehabilitation professionals may need to take clothing and apparel-related issues faced by their clients into account, so that opportunities for social participation can be maximised.
Teaching Social Work Students Through Culturally Responsive Education: An Action Research Study Drawing on Spirituality and Culture

The purpose of this study was to implement and examine the impact of pedagogical strategies designed to increase culturally responsive education and critical consciousness in an undergraduate social work class at a small, Christian, liberal arts college. The study participants were nine students enrolled in an undergraduate class focused on group development and learning skills for working with groups in social work practice. The study critically examines culture and spirituality as a worldview and draws on perspectives of culture and spirituality from adult education and social work education through the theoretical lens of poststructural feminist thought, intersectionality theory, and the discourses of critical multiculturalism and antiracist education. The framework for the study attends to positionality, power relations, and systems of privilege in the context of teaching and learning. A critical action research design was used to systematically look at knowledge production by introducing change and observing the effects. The main data collection methods were focus groups, reflective journals, and online asynchronous discussions. The findings from the study are presented in the context of the planning, acting, observing, and reflecting stages of the action research cycle and address three major themes. First, participants moved beyond Christianity as the only valid spirituality, to understanding the spirituality of others and themselves as influenced by culture. Second, they indicated new learning about cultural competence for social work practice by connecting spirituality with culture, and understanding the effects of culture and White privilege in their own and other’s real life experiences. Third, participants found the culturally responsive educational experience extremely positive because it foregrounded
Population Pharmacokinetics of Romidepsin in Patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Relapsed Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

Purpose: Romidepsin is a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor under clinical development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of demographic, clinical, and pharmacogenetic covariates on the pharmacokinetics of romidepsin in patients with T-cell lymphoma. Experimental Design: Pharmacokinetic assessment was done in 98 patients enrolled in a phase II study who received 14 or 18 mg/m2 of romidepsin as a 4-hour infusion on day 1 during their first treatment cycle. Population modeling was done using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach to explore the effects of polymorphic variations in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLCO1B3, and ABCB1, all of which encode genes thought to be involved in romidepsin disposition. Results: A two-compartment model with linear kinetics adequately described the romidepsin disposition. Population clearance was 15.9 L/h with between-patient variability of 37%. ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant alleles tended toward a reduced clearance and lower volume of tissue distribution, but this was not supported by a statistical significance. Genetic variations in CYP3A4/5 and SCLO1B3 had no effect on the systemic exposure. Conclusion: The population pharmacokinetic analysis indicates moderate interindividual variability in romidepsin pharmacokinetics and no clinically relevant covariates associated with the unexplained pharmacokinetic variability of romidepsin in this population.
Serum albumin and risk of venous thromboembolism

Summary The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased in patients with albuminuria. However, whether a low serum albumin concentration is associated with increased risk of VTE has been a matter of controversy. We determined the association of serum albumin with VTE incidence in two large, prospective, population-based cohorts: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (n = 15,300) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) (n = 5,400). Validated VTE occurrence (n = 462 in ARIC and n = 174 in CHS) was ascertained during follow-up. In both studies, after adjustment for age, sex, race, use of hormone replacement therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate, history of cancer, and diabetes, serum albumin tended to be associated inversely with VTE. The adjusted hazard ratio per standard deviation lower albumin was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.31) in ARIC and 1.10 (95% CI = 0.94, 1.29) in CHS. The hazard ratio for albumin below (vs. above) the fifth percentile was 1.28 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.84) in ARIC and 1.80 (95% CI = 1.11, 2.93) in CHS. In conclusion, low serum albumin was a modest marker of increased VTE risk. The observed association likely does not reflect cause and effect, but rather that low serum albumin reflects a hyperinflammatory or hypercoagulable state. Whether this association has clinical relevance warrants further study.
The iconography of mourning and its neural correlates: a functional neuroimaging study

Abstract The present functional neuroimaging study focuses on the iconography of mourning. A culture-specific pattern of body postures of mourning individuals, mostly suggesting withdrawal, emerged from a survey of visual material. When used in different combinations in stylized drawings in our neuroimaging study, this material activated cortical areas commonly seen in studies of social cognition (temporo-parietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal lobe), empathy for pain (somatosensory cortex), and loss (precuneus, middle/posterior cingular gyrus). This pattern of activation developed over time. While in the early phases of exposure lower association areas, such as the extrastriate body area, were active, in the late phases activation in parietal and temporal association areas and the prefrontal cortex was more prominent. These findings are consistent with the conventional and contextual character of iconographic material, and further differentiate it from emotionally negatively valenced and high-arousing stimuli. In future studies, this neuroimaging assay may be useful in characterizing interpretive appraisal of material of negative emotional valence.
Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time

Philip M. Arlen,* Fernando Bianco,* William L. Dahut,* Anthony D’Amico,* William D. Figg,*,† Stephen J. Freedland,‡ James L. Gulley,* Philip W. Kantoff,§ Michael W. Kattan, Andrew Lee,* Meredith M. Regan* and Oliver Sartor¶ From the Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (PMA, WLD, WDF, JLG), Urology Department, George Washington University, Washington, D. C. (FB), Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (AD’A, PWK, MMR, OS), Division of Urology and Duke Prostate Center, Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (SJF), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (MWK), and Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (AL)
Signaling through Gαi2 protein is required for recruitment of neutrophils for antibody‐mediated elimination of larval Strongyloides stercoralis in mice

The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide‐binding protein Gαi2 is involved in regulation of immune responses against microbial and nonmicrobial stimuli. Gαi2−/− mice have a selectively impaired IgM response consistent with a disorder in B cell development yet have augmented T cell effector function associated with increased production of IFN‐γ and IL‐4. The goal of the present study was to determine if a deficiency in the Gαi2 protein in mice would affect the protective immune response against Strongyloides stercoralis, which is IL‐4‐, IL‐5‐, and IgM‐dependent. Gαi2−/− and wild‐type mice were immunized and challenged with S. stercoralis larvae and analyzed for protective immune responses against infection. Gαi2−/− mice failed to kill the larvae in the challenge infection as compared with wild‐type mice despite developing an antigen‐specific Th2 response characterized by increased IL‐4, IL‐5, IgM, and IgG. Transfer of serum collected from immunized Gαi2−/− mice to naïve wild‐type mice conferred passive protective immunity against S. stercoralis infection thus confirming the development of a protective antibody response in Gαi2−/− mice. Differential cell analyses and myeloperoxidase assays for quantification of neutrophils showed a significantly reduced recruitment of neutrophils into the microenvironment of the parasites in immunized Gαi2−/− mice. However, cell transfer studies demonstrated that neutrophils from Gαi2−/− mice are competent in killing larvae. These data demonstrate that Gαi2 signaling events are not required for the development of the protective immune responses against S. stercoralis; however, Gαi2 is essential for the recruitment of neutrophils required for host‐dependent killing of larvae.
Another look at ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of placenta accreta

Abstract Objective: To compare the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of placenta accreta, to examine the success of various sonographic and MRI features to correctly predict invasive placenta, and to define a specific role for MRI in placenta accreta. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, a blinded retrospective review was undertaken of US and MRI findings from 45 patients who had an obstetrical US and placental MRI between August 2006 and January 2012. Correlation with clinical history and pathologic findings was performed. Results: US and MRI had similar sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for placenta accreta. The best predictors of invasion by US were loss of the myometrial mantle, increased intraplacental vascularity and loss of the bladder wall echogenicity. The best predictors of invasion by MRI were loss of retroplacental myometrial mantle, a heterogeneous placenta, and intraplacental hemorrhage. Body mass index (BMI) did not affect the ability to make a diagnosis by either US or MRI. MRI proved effective in better evaluation of a posterior placenta with suspicion of placenta accreta. There was modality disagreement in 11 of 45 cases and MRI was correct in 9 of these 11 cases, all true negative (TN) cases. Conclusions: MRI should be considered in any case with posterior placenta previa and suspicion of accreta, in any case with clinical suspicion for accreta and discordant US findings, and in any case in which percreta is suspected.
Early life socioeconomic determinants of dietary score and pattern trajectories across six waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

Background Social patterning of dietary-related diseases may partly be explained by population disparities in children’s diets. This study aimed to determine which early life socioeconomic factors best predict dietary trajectories across childhood. Methods For waves 2–6 of the Baby (B) Cohort (ages 2–3 to 10–11 years) and waves 1–6 of the Kindergarten (K) Cohort (ages 4–5 to 14–15 years) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we constructed trajectories of dietary scores and of empirically derived dietary patterns. Dietary scores, based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines, summed children’s consumption frequencies of seven groups of foods or drinks over the last 24 hours. Dietary patterns at each wave were derived using factor analyses of 12–16 food or drink items. Using multinomial logistic regression analyses, we examined associations of baseline single (parental education, remoteness area, parental employment, income, food security and home ownership) and composite (socioeconomic position and neighbourhood disadvantage) factors with adherence to dietary trajectories. Results All dietary trajectory outcomes across both cohorts showed profound gradients by composite socioeconomic position but not by neighbourhood disadvantage. For example, odds for children in the lowest relative to highest socioeconomic position quintile being in the ‘never healthy’ relative to the ‘always healthy’ score trajectory were OR=16.40, 95% CI 9.40 to 28.61 (B Cohort). Among the single variables, only parental education consistently predicted dietary trajectories. Conclusion Child dietary trajectories vary profoundly by family socioeconomic position. If causal, reducing dietary inequities may require researching underlying pathways, tackling socioeconomic inequities and targeting health promoting interventions to less educated families.
Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Abstract Although bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent adverse outcome for infants born at < 30 weeks gestational age, there remain major gaps in understanding the pathophysiology, and thus there are few effective targeted therapies to prevent and treat BPD. This review will focus on the substantial problems and knowledge gaps for the clinician and investigator when considering lung injury and BPD. The epidemiology of BPD is clear: BPD is a lung injury syndrome predominantly in extremely low-birth-weight infants with an incidence that increases as gestation/birth weight decrease, with growth restriction, in males and with fetal exposures and with injury from postdelivery respiratory care. However, we do not have a good definition of BPD that identifies the infants that die of respiratory disease before 36 weeks or that predicts long-term outcomes as well. The injury resulting in BPD likely begins as altered lung development before delivery in many infants (small for gestational age, chorioamnionitis, tobacco exposure), can be initiated by resuscitating at birth, and then amplified by postnatal exposures (oxygen, mechanical ventilation, infection). Conceptually the events leading to BPD are the continued interplay of lung development that is altered progressively by injury and repair to result in poorly defined phenotypes of BPD. The injury pathways prominently cause inflammation, and as a proof of principle, corticosteroids can decrease the incidence and severity of BPD, as demonstrated by three recent trials of the early use of steroids. There are likely “adaptation” and “tolerance” responses that modulate the injury and repair to increase or decrease the damage, interactions that are not understood. BPD is a more complex disease.
The Effect of Early Excessive Weight Gain on the Development of Hypertension in Pregnancy

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown an association between total excessive gestational weight gain and hypertension in pregnancy. However, this may be a reflection of excessive water retention associated with the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Early excessive weight gain, prior to the third trimester, results in greater maternal fat deposition and inflammation, which has also been associated with the development of hypertension. By focusing on early excessive weight gain, the association between maternal weight gain and the future development of hypertension can be examined. Objective To evaluate the association between early excessive maternal weight gain and the development of hypertension during pregnancy. Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study of 1,441 women without chronic hypertension who were enrolled in a prospective study evaluating maternal angiogenic factors and the prediction of preeclampsia. Initial body mass index (BMI) was calculated by weight and height at the first study visit. Early excessive maternal weight gain was defined as weight gain by 28 weeks that exceeded the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and was calculated utilizing the maximum amount of weight gain per week recommended by the IOM based on the patient's starting BMI (normal: 0.45 kg; overweight: 0.32 kg; obese: 0.27 kg). Hypertension was defined as a sustained systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between early excessive weight gain, initial BMI, and the development of hypertension, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, during pregnancy. Results Of 1,441 women, 767 (53.2%) had weight gain that exceeded the IOM guidelines in the first 28 weeks and 154 (10.8%) developed hypertension during pregnancy. Women whose weight gain exceeded the IOM guidelines were more likely to develop hypertension even after adjusting for relevant confounders (12.5 vs. 8.6%; p = 0.02; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.44; p < 0.01). Obese women had a 2.4-fold increased risk of developing hypertension, even after controlling for excessive weight gain (adjusted OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.66–3.59; p < 0.01) Conclusions Early excessive maternal weight gain and initial BMI are independently associated with the diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Women should be counseled regarding the benefits of achieving a normal BMI prior to pregnancy and appropriate weight gain during pregnancy, as well as the potential harms of excessive weight gain related to perinatal outcomes.
Biological Resource Centers and Systems Biology

There are hundreds of biological resource centers (BRCs) around the world, holding many little-studied microorganisms. The proportion of bacterial strains that is well represented in the sequence and literature databases may be as low as 1%. This body of unexplored diversity represents an untapped source of useful strains and derived products. However, a modicum of phenotypic data is available for almost all the bacterial strains held by BRCs around the world. It is at the phenotypic level that our knowledge of the well-studied strains of bacteria and the many yet to be studied strains intersect. Thus, we might leverage the phenotypic data from the data-poor bacteria with the omics data from the data-rich bacteria, using our knowledge of their evolutionary relationships, to map the metabolic networks of the little-known bacteria. This systems biology—based approach is a new way to explore the diversity harbored in BRCs.
Towards an Understanding of Knowledge Management Systems - UTAUT Revisited

User acceptance is one of the key fundamentals for the development of knowledge management systems (KMS). We propose a model of the factors that influence the contribution to KMS repositories in organizations. We use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to validate a revised unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). We describe a theoretical framework that incorporates the specific facilitating conditions for knowledge management to enhance our understanding of KMS in France. An on line survey conducted with 200 potential contributors showed that performance expectancy and social influence have a significant impact on intentions. Moreover, facilitating conditions such as organizing structure, available time, time allocated, and incentives directly influenced contribution to the KMS. We found no significant effect for socio-demographic variables.
Intact FGF23 and α‐klotho during acute inflammation/sepsis in CKD patients

Evangelia Dounousi*, Claudia Torino, Patrizia Pizzini, Sebastiano Cutrupi, Vincenzo Panuccio, Graziella D’Arrigo, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesca Mallamaci and Carmine Zoccali Nephrology, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, CNR-IFC, Reggio Calabria, Italy, Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, OORR Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy, Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt