Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Russians as presented in TV documentaries

It is widely acknowledged that the media plays a crucial role in constructing definitions of national and ethnic identities (Gillespie 1995: 11; also Anderson 1983). Hence, mediated images, narratives and information challenge established national cultural boundaries and identities. Salzman (2002) suggests that the mass media has 'an agenda setting function' by including specific issues and ideas in messages and excluding others. At a cultural level, the media applies a certain homogenisation of representations (Erikson 2002: 278). Television aims at a concise articulation and it exploits culturally familiar images or anecdotes which speak to the audience (e.g., Rummakko 2002: 147-148; Salzman 2002: 356). Furthermore, viewers easily agree, specifically in everyday TV watching situations with meanings which are given priority by the film-makers.
Oxidative stress‐related DNA damage and homologous recombination repairing induced by N,N‐dimethylformamide

The intensified anthropogenic release of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) has been proven to have hepatotoxic effects. However, the potential mechanism for DMF‐induced toxicity has rarely been investigated. Our research implicated that DMF induced a significantly dose‐dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HL‐7702 human liver cells. Moreover, oxidative stress‐related DNA damage, marked as 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, was increased 1.5‐fold at 100 mmol l–1. The most severe DNA lesion (double‐strand break, DSB), measured as the formation of γH2AX foci, was increased at/above 6.4 mmol l–1, and approximately 50% of cells underwent DSB at the peak induction. Subsequently, the DNA repair system triggered by molecules of RAD50 and MRE11A induced the homologous recombination (HR) pathway by upregulation of both gene and protein levels of RAD50, RAD51, XRCC2 and XRCC3 at 16 mmol l–1 and was attenuated at 40 mmol l–1. Consequently, cellular death observed at 40 mmol l–1 was exaggerated compared with exposure at 16 mmol l–1. Although the exact mechanism relying on the DMF‐induced hepatotoxicity needs further clarification, oxidative stress and DNA damage involved in DSBs partially explain the reason for DMF‐induced liver injury. Oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage should be first considered during risk assessment on liver‐targeted chemicals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation in decision bias mechanism between probabilistic information and previous decision

Target detection performance is known to be influenced by events in the previous trials. It has not been clear, however, whether this bias effect is due to the previous sensory stimulus, motor response, or decision. Also it remains open whether or not the previous trial effect emerges via the same mechanism as the effect of knowledge about the target probability. In the present study, we asked normal human subjects to make a decision about the presence or absence of a visual target. We presented a pre-cue indicating the target probability before the stimulus, and also a decision-response mapping cue after the stimulus so as to tease apart the effect of decision from that of motor response. We found that the target detection performance was significantly affected by the probability cue in the current trial and also by the decision in the previous trial. While the information about the target probability modulated the decision criteria, the previous decision modulated the sensitivity to target-relevant sensory signals (d-prime). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we also found that activation in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was decreased when the probability cue indicated a high probability of the target. By contrast, activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was increased when the subjects made a target-present decision in the previous trial, but this change was observed specifically when the target was present in the current trial. Activation in these regions was associated with individual-difference in the decision computation parameters. We argue that the previous decision biases the target detection performance by modulating the processing of target-selective information, and this mechanism is distinct from modulation of decision criteria due to expectation of a target.
The Effects of Cadmium-Zinc Interactions on Biochemical Responses in Tobacco Seedlings and Adult Plants

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of cadmium-zinc (Cd-Zn) interactions on their uptake, oxidative damage of cell macromolecules (lipids, proteins, DNA) and activities of antioxidative enzymes in tobacco seedlings as well as roots and leaves of adult plants. Seedlings and plants were exposed to Cd (10 µM and 15 µM) and Zn (25 µM and 50 µM) as well as their combinations (10 µM or 15 µM Cd with either 25 µM or 50 µM Zn). Measurement of metal accumulation exhibited that Zn had mostly positive effect on Cd uptake in roots and seedlings, while Cd had antagonistic effect on Zn uptake in leaves and roots. According to examined oxidative stress parameters, in seedlings and roots individual Cd treatments induced oxidative damage, which was less prominent in combined treatments, indicating that the presence of Zn alleviates oxidative stress. However, DNA damage found in seedlings, and lower glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity recorded in both seedlings and roots, after individual Zn treatments, indicate that Zn accumulation could impose toxic effects. In leaves, oxidative stress was found after exposure to Cd either alone or in combination with Zn, thus implying that in this tissue Zn did not have alleviating effects. In conclusion, results obtained in different tobacco tissues suggest tissue-dependent Cd-Zn interactions, which resulted in activation of different mechanisms involved in the protection against metal stress.
A bioanalytical assay to distinguish cellular uptake routes for liposomes

Lipid‐based nanoparticles are frequently used for drug or DNA delivery into mammalian cells. However it is difficult to determine whether such particles are taken up via endocytosis or fusion to the plasma membrane. Here, we propose a simple and reliable analytical method to do so based on the unique spectral properties of the fluorescent tracer BODIPY FL. At high local concentrations, this dye displays an additional red‐shifted emission peak that is absent at low concentrations. In dye‐loaded liposomes taken up by endocytosis, the local dye concentration did not significantly change upon internalization. Accordingly, unchanged fluorescence spectra were detected. When cells were incubated with liposomes able to fuse with the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, a reduction of local dye concentration and much weaker emission in the red‐shifted peak were observed. The ratio of intensities in both fluorescence channels was shown to be a reliable indicator of the cellular uptake mechanism. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Dependent Inflammatory Responses Following Intestinal Colonization of Secondary Abiotic IL10-Deficient Mice with Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

The rising incidences of infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) have gained increasing attention in medicine, but also in the general public and global health politics. The mechanisms underlying opportunistic pathogen–host interactions are unclear, however. To address this, we challenged secondary abiotic IL10–/– mice deficient for Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4–/– × IL10–/–), the main receptor of the Gram-negative cell wall constituent lipopolysaccharide, with a clinical MDR PA isolate. Despite higher intestinal colonization densities, apoptotic colonic epithelial cell numbers were lower in TLR4–/– × IL10–/– mice as compared to IL10–/– controls at day 14 postinfection (p.i.), whereas proliferating/regenerating cells had increased in the latter only. Furthermore, PA-colonized TLR4–/– × IL10–/– mice displayed less distinct innate and adaptive immune cell responses in the colon as compared to IL10–/– counterparts that were accompanied by lower nitric oxide concentrations in mesenteric lymph nodes in the former at day 14 p.i. Conversely, splenic NO levels were higher in both naive and PA-colonized TLR4-deficient IL10–/– mice versus IL10–/– controls. Remarkably, intestinal MDR PA was able to translocate to extra-intestinal including systemic compartments of TLR4–/– × IL10–/– mice only. Hence, MDR PA-induced intestinal and systemic immune responses observed in secondary abiotic IL10–/– mice are TLR4-dependent.
Prognostic Significance of DNA Ploidy in Pancreatic Carcinoma

The nuclear DNA content was assessed by image cytometry on cytologic specimens obtained with fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 96 patients with pancreatic duct carcinoma. Twenty-two of these patients had pan-creaticoduodenal resection. According to DNA analysis there were 27 (28%) diploid, 17 (18%) tetraploid, and 52 (54%) aneuploid tumors. The corresponding patient median survival times were 8, 5, and 4 months, respectively. Resectable tumors were more often DNA diploid (10 of 22) than nonresectable tumors (17 of 74) (p < 0.05). A Cox multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that surgical resection (p < 0.001) and diploid DNA pattern (p < 0.05) were factors associated with longer patient survival time. Although the difference in survival time was small, the data indicate that DNA diploid tumors represent a less aggressive subset of pancreatic carcinoma.
Fostering reading comprehension in fifth grade by explicit instruction in reading strategies and peer tutoring.

BACKGROUND Research reveals that explicit reading strategies instruction and engaging students in interaction about texts promote students' reading comprehension ability. The present intervention study combines both aspects. AIMS The study examines the educational benefits of explicit reading strategies instruction, followed by practice in (a) teacher-led whole-class activities (STRAT), (b) reciprocal same-age (STRAT + SA), or (c) cross-age peer tutoring activities (STRAT + CA) on fifth graders' reading comprehension achievement. SAMPLE Twenty-two fifth-grade teachers and their 454 students from 19 different schools throughout Flanders (Belgium) participated. METHOD A quasi-experimental pretest post-test retention test design was used with three experimental (STRAT, STRAT + SA, and STRAT + CA) and a matched control group. The experimental interventions were implemented during an entire school year. RESULTS Multilevel analysis revealed that the STRAT and STRAT + CA condition made a significantly larger pretest to retention test progress than the control group. The significant major progress was especially situated from pretest to post-test, during which the intervention took place. Concerning the STRAT + SA condition no significant differences with regard to the control group were detected. Pairwise comparisons of the experimental conditions indicated that the STRAT + CA condition's progress from pretest to retention test also exceeded the STRAT + SA condition's advancement significantly. CONCLUSION The study corroborated the efficacy of the STRAT and STRAT + CA conditions' interventions as feasible tools to enhance fifth graders' reading comprehension achievement.
Attraction of Stomoxys sp. to various fruits and flowers in Mali

The attraction of three Stomoxys species to 26 fruits and 26 flowers of different plant species was investigated in two different sites in Mali during 2008. Stomoxys niger bilineatus Grunberg (Diptera: Muscidae) was attracted to a wider spectrum of species, significantly attracted by four fruits and eight flowers compared with control traps, whereas S. sitiens Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) was attracted to six fruits and seven flowers of different plants, and S. calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) was only attracted to one fruit and three flowers. Cold anthrone assays showed a significantly higher prevalence of sugar feeding amongst all three species at the lagoon site than at the site near Mopti. The rhythm of activity study shows temporally separated blood‐ and sugar‐feeding periods for S. niger bilineatus and S. sitiens, but not for S. calcitrans. A comparison between blood and sugar feeding throughout the day shows that sugar feeding activity is as frequent as blood feeding activity. Because not much is known about the preferred sugar sources for Stomoxys species in their natural habitats, the present study provides valuable information regarding the attraction capability of several plants with possible future implication for Stomoxys control strategies.
Genetic Dissection of SLE

Genetic dissection of lupus pathogenesis in the NZM2410 strain has recently revealed that Sle1 is a potent locus that triggers the formation of IgG anti-histone/DNA antibodies, when expressed on the B6 background as a congenic interval. B6.lpr mice, in contrast, exhibit distinctly different cellular and serological phenotypes. Both strains, however, do not usually exhibit pathogenic autoantibodies, or succumb to lupus nephritis. In this study, we show that the epistatic interaction of Sle1 (in particular, Sle1/Sle1) with FAS lpr leads to massive lymphosplenomegaly (with elevated numbers of activated CD4 T cells, CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) T cells, and B1a cells), high levels of IgG and IgM antinuclear (including anti-ssDNA, anti-dsDNA, and anti-histone/DNA), and antiglomerular autoantibodies, histological, and clinical evidence of glomerulonephritis, and >80% mortality by 5–6 mo of age. Whereas FAS lpr functions as a recessive gene, Sle1 exhibits a gene dosage effect. These studies indicate that Sle1 and FAS lpr must be impacting alternate pathways leading to lymphoproliferative autoimmunity.
Child Maintenance, Father Child Relationships and Family Wellbeing

This study assesses the correlation between the provision of child maintenance and father child relationship which ultimately affects child wellbeing. Using a mixed method approach, court records were examined over a five year period and interviews with thirty fathers were conducted. The data reveal that the majority of fathers were in non-marital relationships, pointing to the vulnerability of children born within such unions especially when family finances are scarce. Perceptions on the father child relationship were sought from fathers on their relationship with their children. The study found that fathers understood their financial responsibilities to their children and yearned for improved relationships with their offspring but their economic situation, relationships with the mother of the child, geographic proximity, family of origin and the court system hindered these relationships. Options to consider when fathers cannot meet their financial commitment have been proposed.
Income Inequality , Redistribution of Income and Trade Openness

Literature on nexus between trade openness and government spending is impressive [Atif, et al. (2012), Rudra (2004), Dani (1997) and McGuire (1999)]. The literature is growing rapidly. Analysts have documented the positive effects of government social spending [see for example Mesa-Lago (1994); Huber (1996); Weyland (1996); McGuire (1999)]. Unfortunately, Pakistan lacks empirical evidences on the impact of government social spending. Although Government of Pakistan has taken number of initiatives to have some form of redistribution policies, however, inequality in Pakistan is higher as compared to other Least Developed Countries that are open to trade. This situation is alarming. This paper therefore tries to identify the nexus between trade openness and social spending for the period 1975–2012. International evidence suggests that government social spending influences poverty and distribution of income. Pakistan‘s low level achievement in terms of reducing inequality, given the likely adverse economic impact of trade openness, point towards the fact that government has to design the policy in such a way that it affects the distribution of income. Thus, exploring the effect of social spending on income inequality is necessary for the concerned policy makers. Literature exploring nexus between trade openness and social spending provides mixed results. For example, Dani (1997) and Quinn (1997) have reported positive impact of trade on welfare. However, Garrett (1998, 2001), Rudra and Haggard (2001) stress that increasing the trade will result in unequal distribution of income only when government does not influence the income distribution t through social spending. Literature exploring such effects provides ambiguous evidences. For example, Dollar and Kraay (2002) found out that openness affects income inequality while Lundberg and Squire (2003) and Barro (2000) predict no impact. Furthermore, using the data of developed countries Edwards (1997), Higgins and Williamson (1999), and Calderón and Chong (2001), found no support for the argument. Barro (2000) and
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Happiness and Mental Health in Students of Medical Sciences of Isfahan University

Introduction: Nowadays, many professionals consider necessary conditions for progress in developing emotional intelligence. A person who has a high emotional intelligence will experience less negative events in his/her life. The main purpose of this study is to answer this question: Is emotional intelligence related to happiness and mental health? Method and material: Statistical community in this study is all the students of Medical sciences of Isfahan University in 2009, among whom 120 people were randomly selected and these three questionnaires were administered to them: 1) Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, 2) Goldberg and Williams's Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and 3) Argyl and Lou's Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989). This study design is correlative that has been used to evaluate significance of the relationship of variables by using Pearson correlation coefficient and to compare the scores of male and female using T-test. Result: The results show that there is a positive and meaningful relation between emotional intelligence, happiness and mental health. Besides, students with high emotional intelligence have more happiness and mental health. Therefore it is recommended that techniques of increasing emotional intelligence should be trained in school and universities. Conclusion: The Overall EQ-I score was high indicating a group that has good Emotional Intelligence. There are fairly large differences in the scores for the 15 content scales indicating areas of relative strengths and areas of improvement and relation between mental healths in students. Emotional Intelligence will contribute to success in most endeavors.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS

We use the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to detect gender differences in the factor that shape entrepreneurial intentions. We find that there are differences in attitudes and self-efficacy subjective norms of male and female student, while subjective norm was no difference between male students and female in entrepreneurial intentions. Male have individual beliefs are stronger than female thus strengthening entrepreneurial intentions. There were no differences in subjective norms of male and female students, so the male and female students have the same beliefs and motivation for entrepreneurship. Self-efficacy of male and female differ in which male students have higher levels of self-efficacy. This result shows that gender differences in the factors that shape entrepreneurial intentions. There seems to be important differencesin the defining features of entrepreneurial male versus female. Male seem to prefer entrepreneurship as a means to get to the front and see the financial restrictions and creativity as an important practical consideration in their decision to become an entrepreneur
Universal Correspondence Network

We present a deep learning framework for accurate visual correspondences and demonstrate its effectiveness for both geometric and semantic matching, spanning across rigid motions to intra-class shape or appearance variations. In contrast to previous CNN-based approaches that optimize a surrogate patch similarity objective, we use deep metric learning to directly learn a feature space that preserves either geometric or semantic similarity. Our fully convolutional architecture, along with a novel correspondence contrastive loss allows faster training by effective reuse of computations, accurate gradient computation through the use of thousands of examples per image pair and faster testing with $O(n)$ feed forward passes for $n$ keypoints, instead of $O(n^2)$ for typical patch similarity methods. We propose a convolutional spatial transformer to mimic patch normalization in traditional features like SIFT, which is shown to dramatically boost accuracy for semantic correspondences across intra-class shape variations. Extensive experiments on KITTI, PASCAL, and CUB-2011 datasets demonstrate the significant advantages of our features over prior works that use either hand-constructed or learned features.
Understanding the binding properties of an unusual metal‐binding protein − a study of bacterial frataxin

Deficiency of the small mitochondrial protein frataxin causes Friedreich's ataxia, a severe neurodegenerative pathology. Frataxin, which has been highly conserved throughout evolution, is thought to be involved in, among other processes, Fe–S cluster formation. Independent evidence shows that it binds iron directly, although with very distinct features and low affinity. Here, we have carried out an extensive study of the binding properties of CyaY, the bacterial ortholog of frataxin, to different divalent and trivalent cations, using NMR and X‐ray crystallography. We demonstrate that the protein has low cation specificity and contains multiple binding sites able to chelate divalent and trivalent metals with low affinity. Binding does not involve cavities or pockets, but exposed glutamates and aspartates, which are residues that are unusual for iron chelation when not assisted by histidines and/or cysteines. We have related how such an ability to bind cations on a relatively large area through an electrostatic mechanism could be a valuable asset for protein function.
Distance-Based Cycle-Free Persistent Formation: Global Convergence and Experimental Test With a Group of Quadcopters

In this paper, distributed formation control for multi-agent systems is considered. The proposed control laws are designed to globally obtain and keep the desired formation in a two-dimensional space. It is assumed that the local frames of the agents are not aligned with each other and each agent does not know the orientation of others' coordinate frames. Further, the agent measures only relative positions of neighbors with respect to the local reference frame. Therefore, the control of the system is completely decentralized and the global convergence is achieved without the global reference frame. The stability and convergence of the system are analyzed mathematically and the experiment using quadcopters is performed to verify the results of the theoretical analysis. In addition, the ambiguity problem and time-varying velocity case are also handled and discussed.