Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of unsteady flamelet models for non-premixed turbulent combustion with intermittency

Flamelets play an important role as subgrid models in large eddy simulations of turbulent flames: they are based on a one-dimensional steady asymptotic solution for the flame. The focus of the present study is to validate their use when unsteadiness and multidimensional effects are present, as to be expected for turbulent flows. To shortcut the prohibitively expansive step of solving the complete Navier-Stokes equations in the turbulent regime, a synthetic turbulentlike flow field is specified, which allows for extensive yet affordable simulations and analysis. The flow field consists of a simple steady horizontal shear with a time-periodic vertical sweep. Despite the simplicity of the flow field, the passive scalar response displays qualitatively many characteristics observed in experiments with fully turbulent flow, in particular, in terms of the strong departure from Gaussianity of its probability distribution function. The same set-up is utilized for the reactive case in order to generate challenging conditions to test the robustness of unsteady versions of the laminar flamelet models. We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the models for a large range of Damköhler and Peclet numbers in the presence of intermittency and confirm for those demanding test-cases the good performance of the models that had been observed for less-demanding onedimensional test-cases with smooth time behavior. In particular, the performance of the models is quite satisfactory in the intermediate regimes where neither the very fast nor the very slow chemistry asymptotic approximation would be appropriate.
Prevalence of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders and Associated Factors in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Recent studies have suggested that there are certain pathophysiological relationships between bipolar disorder (BD) and circadian rhythm dysfunction. However, apparently no studies have clarified the prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD) in patients with BD. This study was set out to investigate the prevalence of CRSWD and associated factors in patients with BD. One hundred four euthymic BD outpatients participated in this study. The subjects were asked to answer questionnaires including demographic variables, clinical course of BD, and family history of psychiatric disorders and suicide. Severity of BD was assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. CRSWD was diagnosed by clinical interview, together with sleep logs, according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition (ICSD-3). Thirty-five subjects (32.4%) met the criteria for CRSWD. The age at the time of investigation and that at the onset of BD were both lower in the CRSWD group than in the non-CRSWD group. The rates of family history of psychiatric disorders and suicide in the CRSWD group were higher than those in the non-CRSWD group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of CRSWD was significantly associated with younger onset age of BD and family history of suicide. The prevalence of CRSWD could be quite high in BD patients. Younger onset age of BD and family history of suicide were associated with presence of CRSWD in BD patients.
Structure of random monodisperse foam.

The Surface Evolver was used to calculate the equilibrium microstructure of random monodisperse soap froth, starting from Voronoi partitions of randomly packed spheres. The sphere packing has a strong influence on foam properties, such as E (surface free energy) and (average number of faces per cell). This means that random foams composed of equal-volume cells come in a range of structures with different topological and geometric properties. Annealing-subjecting relaxed foams to large-deformation, tension-compression cycles-provokes topological transitions that can further reduce E and . All of the foams have <or=14. The topological statistics and census of cell types for fully annealed foams are in excellent agreement with experiments by Matzke. Geometric properties related to surface area, edge length, and stress are evaluated for the foams and their individual cells. Simple models based on regular polygons predict trends for the edge length of individual cells and the area of individual faces. Graphs of surface area vs shape anisotropy for the cells reflect the geometrical frustration in random monodisperse foam, which is epitomized by pentagonal dodecahedra: they have low surface area but do not pack to fill space.
PUFatt: Embedded platform attestation based on novel processor-based PUFs

Software-based attestation schemes aim at proving the integrity of code and data residing on a platform to a verifying party. However, they do not bind the hardware characteristics to the attestation protocol and are vulnerable to impersonation attacks. We present PUFatt, a new automatable method for linking software-based attestation to intrinsic device characteristics by means of a novel processor-based Physically Unclonable Function, which enables secure timed (and even) remote attestation particularly suitable for embedded and low-cost devices. Our proof-of-concept implementation on FPGA demonstrates the effectiveness, applicability and practicability of the approach.
Revisiting the need for mobile MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks

There exists a number of MAC protocols targeted for mobile scenarios. These include MMAC, MS-MAC and AM-MAC. These MAC protocols have in common that they seem to be evaluated only in simulation. This might indicate that these MAC are either too complex to use or they are not needed, at least for data collection, the major task of sensor networks. In this paper we show that extending a traditional data collection protocol with lightweight, carefully selected mechanisms is sufficient to provide reliable data collection at low energy cost for mobile sensor networks where both sinks and sources move.
Putative Growth Hormone ( GH ) Pulse Renewal : Periventricular Somatostatinergic Control of an Arcuate-Nuclear Somatostatin and GH-Releasing Hormone Oscillator

Growth hormone (GH) pulsatility requires periventricular-nuclear somatostatin (SRIF PeV), arcuate-nuclear (ArC) GH-releasing hormone [GHRH] and systemic GH autofeedback. However, no current formalism interlinks these regulatory loci in a manner that generates self-renewable GH dynamics. The latter must include in the adult rat: (i) infrequent volleys of high-amplitude GH peaks in the male; (ii) frequent discrete low-amplitude GH pulses in the female; (iii) disruption of the male pattern by severing SRIF PeV outflow to ArC; (iv) stimulation of GHRH and GH secretion by CNS delivery of SRIF; (v) inhibition of GH release by central exposure to GHRH; and (vi) a rebound-like burst of GHRH secretion induced by stopping peripheral infusion of SRIF. The present study validates by computer-assisted simulations a simplified ensemble formulation that predicts each of the foregoing six outcomes, wherein: (a) blood-borne GH stimulates SRIF PeV secretion after a long time latency; (b) SRIF PeV inhibits both pituitary GH and ArC GHRH release; (c) ArC GHRH and SRIF ArC oscillate reciprocally with brief time delay; and (d) SRIF PeV represses and disinhibits the putative GHRH-SRIF ArC oscillator. According to the present analytical construction, time-delayed feedforward and feedback signaling among SRIF PeV , ArC GHRH and SRIF ArC could endow the complex physiological patterns of GH secretion in the male and female.
Role of Primate Superior Colliculus in Preparation and Execution of Anti-Saccades and Pro-Saccades

We investigated how the brain switches between the preparation of a movement where a stimulus is the target of the movement, and a movement where a stimulus serves as a landmark for an instructed movement elsewhere. Monkeys were trained on a pro-/anti-saccade paradigm in which they either had to generate a pro-saccade toward a visual stimulus or an anti-saccade away from the stimulus to its mirror position, depending on the color of an initial fixation point. Neural activity was recorded in the superior colliculus (SC), a structure that is known to be involved in the generation of fast saccades, to determine whether it was also involved in the generation of anti-saccades. On anti-saccade trials, fixation during the instruction period was associated with an increased activity of collicular fixation-related neurons and a decreased activity of saccade-related neurons. Stimulus-related and saccade-related activity was reduced on anti-saccade trials. Our results demonstrate that the anti-saccade task involves (and may require) the attenuation of preparatory and stimulus-related activity in the SC to avoid unwanted pro-saccades. Because the attenuated pre-saccade activity that we found in the SC may be insufficient by itself to elicit correct anti-saccades, additional movement signals from other brain areas are presumably required.
Class-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection.

BACKGROUND The use of either efavirenz or lopinavir-ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is recommended for initial therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but which of the two regimens has greater efficacy is not known. The alternative regimen of lopinavir-ritonavir plus efavirenz may prevent toxic effects associated with NRTIs. METHODS In an open-label study, we compared three regimens for initial therapy: efavirenz plus two NRTIs (efavirenz group), lopinavir-ritonavir plus two NRTIs (lopinavir-ritonavir group), and lopinavir-ritonavir plus efavirenz (NRTI-sparing group). We randomly assigned 757 patients with a median CD4 count of 191 cells per cubic millimeter and a median HIV-1 RNA level of 4.8 log10 copies per milliliter to the three groups. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 112 weeks, the time to virologic failure was longer in the efavirenz group than in the lopinavir-ritonavir group (P=0.006) but was not significantly different in the NRTI-sparing group from the time in either of the other two groups. At week 96, the proportion of patients with fewer than 50 copies of plasma HIV-1 RNA per milliliter was 89% in the efavirenz group, 77% in the lopinavir-ritonavir group, and 83% in the NRTI-sparing group (P=0.003 for the comparison between the efavirenz group and the lopinavir-ritonavir group). The groups did not differ significantly in the time to discontinuation because of toxic effects. At virologic failure, antiretroviral resistance mutations were more frequent in the NRTI-sparing group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Virologic failure was less likely in the efavirenz group than in the lopinavir-ritonavir group. The virologic efficacy of the NRTI-sparing regimen was similar to that of the efavirenz regimen but was more likely to be associated with drug resistance. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00050895 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Women's dieting goals (weight loss, weight maintenance, or not dieting) predict exercise motivation, goals, and engagement in undergraduate women: A self-determination theory framework

Attempts at weight control are common in university students. Two of the most commonly cited methods of weight control are dieting and exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess if different dieting identities/motives predicted exercise goals, motivations, and frequency/intensity of exercise in undergraduate women. Participants were 117 women from a large university in the United States. Participants completed a set of empirically supported questionnaires inquiring about dieting identity (weight loss, weight maintenance, or non-dieting), exercise frequency and intensity, exercise goals (e.g. health vs. weight loss), and exercise motivations. Women were also asked to self-identify as dieting to lose weight, dieting to maintain weight, or not dieting. Non-dieters and women dieting for weight loss were more likely to engage in exercise for extrinsic and aesthetic reasons. Women dieting for weight maintenance were more likely to report intrinsic goals and motivation for exercise. Consistent with previous work, weight loss as a goal was associated with unhealthy dieting and exercise participation. Individuals dieting for weight loss are at increased risk for discontinuing exercise. Health benefits, and not weight loss, should be emphasised for exercise interventions for undergraduates.
Extracting Persian-English Parallel Sentences from Document Level Aligned Comparable Corpus using Bi-Directional Translation

Bilingual parallel corpora are very important in various filed of natural language processing (NLP). The quality of a Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) system strongly dependent upon the amount of training data. For low resource language pairs such as Persian-English, there are not enough parallel sentences to build an accurate SMT system. This paper describes a new approach to use the Wikipedia as a comparable corpus to extract Persian-English parallel sentences and eventually improve SMT system performance . This new approach is also applicable to other low resource language pairs. In order to calculate the similarity score between two sentences, a novel bi-directional translation-based information retrieval system is proposed. A length penalty score is introduced to increase the accuracy of extracted corpus. Using extracted parallel sentences, the performance of existing Persian-English SMT is improved drastically.
Treatment Paradigms for Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Squamous Lung Cancer: First, Second, and Third-Line

Historically, the treatment algorithm applied to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was the same for all histologic subtypes. However, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular profiles of squamous and non-squamous NSCLC have changed this perspective. Histologic subtype and the presence of specific molecular abnormalities have predictive value for response to and toxicity from therapy, as well as overall survival. For patients with squamous NSCLC, a platinum agent plus gemcitabine, or paclitaxel is recommended as first-line therapy. The role of epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies is uncertain. Maintenance therapy is not widely recommended, although data exist for the use of erlotinib. The standard recommendation for second-line therapy is docetaxel and erlotinib should be considered as second or third-line therapy. There is ongoing research identifying molecular targets in squamous NSCLC and many agents are in early phase clinical trials. Immunotherapeutic approaches targeting programed death-1 receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) appear promising.
Labor Taxation in Search Equilibrium with Home Production

Abstract Conventional models of equilibrium unemployment typically imply that proportional taxes on labor earnings are neutral with respect to unemployment as long as the tax does not affect the replacement rate provided by unemployment insurance, i.e. unemployment benefits relative to after-tax earnings. When home production is an option, the conventional results may no longer hold. This paper uses a search equilibrium model with home production to examine the employment and welfare implications of labor taxes. The employment effect of a rise in a proportional tax is found to be negative for sufficiently low replacement rates, whereas it is ambiguous for moderate and high replacement rates. Numerical calibrations of the model indicate that employment generally falls when labor taxes are raised.
Hyperbaric environment up-regulates CD15s expression on leukocytes, down-regulates CD77 expression on renal cells and up-regulates CD34 expression on pulmonary and cardiac cells in rat

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to estimate effects of hyperbaric (HB) treatment by determination of CD15s and CD11b leukocyte proinflammatory markers expression. In addition, this study describes changes in CD77 and CD34 expression on rat endothelial cells in renal, pulmonary and cardiac tissue following exposure to hyperbaric pressure. Materials and Methods: Expression of CD11b and CD15s on leukocytes, as well as CD77 and CD34 expression on endothelial cells in cell suspensions of renal, pulmonary and cardiac tissue in rats after hyperbaric treatment and in control rats were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Hyperbaric treatment significantly increased percentage of leukocytes expressing CD15s+CD11b- (from 1.71±1.11 to 23.42±2.85, P<0.05). Hyperbaric treatment significantly decreased sum percentage of CD77+CD34- and CD77+CD34+ renal cells (from 16.35±5.5 to 4.48 ±1.28, P<0.05). Hyperbaric treatment significantly increased percentage of CD34+ pulmonary cells (from 3.27±2.01 to 11.92±6.22, P<0.05). Our study is the first reporting the hyperbaric environment influence on CD34+ heart cells in rats. Conclusion: The current findings of increased percentage of leukocytes expressing endothelial selectin ligand CD15s after hyperbaric treatment, point its role in endothelial damage prevention. We found out a significantly increase in percentage of CD34+ cardiac cells as well as CD34+ pulmonary cells in rats after HB treatment which could be a part of repair mechanism of injured endothelium caused by hyperoxia.
A Denotational Semantics for the π-Calculus

In his categorical framework, Stark defines a domain-theoretic model for the π-calculus based on functor categories. Despite being a sound abstract model, a more concrete semantics is required if it is to be used as a basis for proving properties about mobile systems. In this paper, we concretize Stark's denotational model for the π-calculus and provide a full definition of the semantic domains involved. We also include an example of how the model may be approximated in an abstract interpretation analysis.
The X‐ray‐infrared/submillimetre connection and the legacy era of cosmology

We review some recent results on the identification and characterisation of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) obtained by cross correlating X-ray surveys with infrared and submillimetre surveys. We also look toward the scientific gains that could be achieved from an XMM-Newton survey of the medium-deep legacy fields that are being observed at ≈ 1–850 μm. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce showed higher iron absorption rate in Chinese females.

OBJECTIVE NaFeEDTA was considered as a promising iron fortificant for controlling iron deficiency anemia. Soy sauce is a suitable food carrier for iron fortification and is a popular condiment in China. Iron absorption rates of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 were observed and compared in adult female subjects. METHODS The stable isotope tracer method was used in Chinese females consuming a typical Chinese diet. Ten healthy young Chinese women were selected as subjects in the 15-day study. A plant-based diet was used based on the dietary pattern of adult women in the 1992 National Nutrition Survey. Six milligram of 54Fe in 54FeSO4 soy sauce and 3 mg 58Fe in Na58FeEDTA soy sauce were given to the same subjects in two days. Food samples and fecal samples were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Iron absorption rates of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 were 10.51% +/- 2.83 and 4.73% +/- 2.15 respectively. The 58Fe (NaFeEDTA) absorption was significantly higher than that of 54Fe (FeSO4) (P < 0.01). The iron absorption rate from NaFeEDTA was 1.2 times higher than that from FeSO4 in Chinese adult women consuming a typical Chinese diet. CONCLUSION The higher absorption rate of NaFeEDTA suggested that NaFeEDTA would be a better iron fortificant used in soy sauce for the controlling of iron deficiency anemia in China.
The institutionalization of Brazilian cultural policies after the military dictatorship (1985–2016)

Abstract Cultural policies in Brazil have experienced both advances and setbacks in a predominantly undemocratic institutional environment. The fact that a large part of the population has been constantly deprived of their basic rights has undermined the monitoring and social control of public policies. Within this context, culture, seen historically as a luxury, has been considered relatively unimportant and the policy analyses dedicated to it have not kept pace with other areas such as education and health. Analyses of cultural policies invariably focus on certain sectors or instruments and are dispersed over different disciplines. In this article, we seek to provide an overview and assessment of post-military dictatorship cultural polices in Brazil. To do so, we use a holistic analytical framework in order to assess Brazilian cultural policies through five axes: institutional configuration, instruments of intervention, distribution of competences by levels of government, lobby capacity of actors and logics, and priorities, goals and values of cultural policies.
The Effects of Movies on the Affective Filter and English Acquisition of Low-Achieving English Learners

This paper reports on the effects of movies on the acquisition of English language among students at a tertiary institution in Malaysia. In this study, “out-of-class” activities are leisure activities that students do outside classroom setting and watching movie is one example. The study aims to examine the effects of movies on the students’ Affective Filter (i.e. motivation, anxiety, and self-confidence). The Affective Filter is a mental block that prevents language learners from being receptive towards comprehensible language input, thereby disrupting their acquisition process. In order for smoother acquisition to occur, the block needs to be lowered and one of the ways in achieving this is through out-of-class activities. The study also aims to examine the influence of movies on the students’ English acquisition process. The participants of this study were low-achieving students. Data were collected through Facebook group discussions, participants’ reflective notes and focus group interviews in this qualitative research. The findings of this study reveal that students’ Affective Filter level is slightly lowered which allowed them to acquire new language skills namely vocabulary and pronunciation knowledge. From the findings, English teachers should consider utilizing movies as a learning tool. Students
The use of reputation in repeated dyadic interactions

How cooperation is possible has been one of the major puzzles in social sciences. Traditionally, two mechanisms have been proposed to explain cooperation. Cooperation in repeated dyadic interactions has been explained by direct reciprocity, while cooperation between more than two individuals has been explained by indirect reciprocity. Although reputation is theoretically unnecessary to achieve mutual cooperation in repeated dyadic interactions, several experimental studies indicated that people do make use of reputation even in such situations. Therefore, we conducted two experiments to investigate why people make use of reputation in dyadic interactions. Our results revealed that people use reputation because they assume that reputation enables them to predict their partners’ future behaviors in dyadic interactions. We conclude that there is a need to reexamine the system of mechanisms posited to explain the problem of cooperation in particular by expanding the scope of indirect reciprocity.