Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration-Free Augmented Reality

Camera calibration and the acquisition of Euclidean 3D measurements have so far been considered necessary requirements for overlaying three-dimensional graphical objects with live video. We describe a new approach to video-based augmented reality that avoids both requirements: it does not use any metric information about the calibration parameters of the camera or the 3D locations and dimensions of the environment's objects. The only requirement is the ability to track across frames at least four fiducial points that are specified by the user during system initialization and whose world coordinates are unknown. Our approach is based on the following observation: given a set of four or more noncoplanar 3D points, the projection of all points in the set can be computed as a linear combination of the projections of just four of the points. We exploit this observation by: tracking regions and color fiducial points at frame rate; and representing virtual objects in a non-Euclidean, affine frame of reference that allows their projection to be computed as a linear combination of the projection of the fiducial points. Experimental results on two augmented reality systems, one monitor-based and one head-mounted, demonstrate that the approach is readily implementable, imposes minimal computational and hardware requirements, and generates real-time and accurate video overlays even when the camera parameters vary dynamically.
Spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of potential predators of a resource pulse: Black bears and caribou calves in Newfoundland

Understanding spatiotemporal variability in prey accessibility is important for disentangling predator-prey interactions and is relevant to management interventions to reduce predation. Recently, caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Newfoundland declined by 66%, with calf predation by black bears (Ursus americanus) implicated as a major proximate mechanism of the decline. Most predation occurs when calves are aggregated on calving grounds. We used telemetry data from 271 caribou and 45 black bears in 2 caribou herd ranges to examine spatial variability in calf accessibility, identify the distribution of potentially predatory bears, and assess the aggregative response of bears to the calf resource. We predicted whether a bear was a visitor to a calving ground during the calving season (a potentially predatory bear) based upon its sex, the herd range it occupied, its distance to the calving grounds, and the season. The distribution of potentially predatory bears and their degree of segregation from non-predatory bears varied seasonally. The probability of a bear visiting the calving grounds during calving decreased with increasing distance from the calving grounds, and was greater for males than for females in all seasons at distances beyond 2.4 km from the calving grounds. Residency time of bears increased in the calving grounds of 1 herd during calving, suggesting an aggregative response to neonates in that area. For both herds, the estimated distribution of potentially predatory bears was much larger than the calving grounds, illustrating that the relevant scale of predator-prey interactions may extend far beyond the area where lethal encounters occur. Our work highlights the value of examining spatiotemporal dynamics of predator movements prior to implementing ecosystem manipulations designed to reduce predation and provides a modeling framework that can be used to guide management interventions in systems with aggregated prey. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
When do people benefit from gratitude practice?

Accumulating research shows that gratitude exercises are effective for improving well-being, but the pattern of results also suggests that moderators are likely at play. Researchers have begun investigating moderators of gratitude exercise impact, but it remains unclear which are most important. To help clarify this issue, the present study investigated trait gratitude, baseline depressive symptoms, and inclusion of a rationale as moderators of the efficacy of a two-week gratitude list exercise compared to a daily events list control condition. Results revealed that the gratitude exercise decreased depressive symptoms among participants high in such symptoms at baseline and eliminated the negative effect of low baseline trait gratitude on later happiness, positive emotions, and depressive symptoms. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Effects of Early Separation, Interactive Deficits, and Experimental Manipulations on Infant-Mother Face-to-Face Interaction.

FIELD, TIFFANY MARTINI. Effects of Early Separation, Interactive Deficits, and Experimental Manipulations on Infant-Mother Face-to-Face Interaction. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 763-771. Effects of early separation and experimental manipulations on infant-mother face-to-face interactions were investigated. Interactions were videotaped at 33 months post expected date of delivery for 12 separated, premature, respiratory distress syndrome babies receiving low Brazelton interaction scores; 12 nonseparated, postterm postmature babies receiving low Brazelton scores; and 12 healthy, term babies. Dependent measures included the percentage of interaction time that the infant gazed at his mother and the percentage of infant gaze time that the mother was active. Experimental manipulations included the mother trying to keep her infant's attention and the mother imitating her infant's behaviors. The attention-getting manipulation resulted in more maternal activity and less infant gaze than in a spontaneous interaction, and the imitation manipulation in less maternal activity and more infant gaze. The facilitating effects of imitation were related to its lesser information processing demands and the greater attentiveness and contingent responsiveness of the mother. The absence of interaction differences between the postmature and premature suggested that separation contributed less to later interaction disturbances than did early deficits tapped by the Brazelton Neonatal Scale.
Formative design and evaluation of patient-delivered partner therapy informational materials and packaging

Objective: To develop and evaluate instructional and packaging materials for patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT). Methods: 64 patients participated from an urban US sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. The research comprised three phases: individual interviews to elicit attitudes and beliefs regarding PDPT and to assess the understanding of key STI-related concepts and terminology; the development and rapid validation of prototype instructional and packaging materials for PDPT and interviews to assess the effectiveness, acceptability and usability of the prototype materials. Thematic qualitative data analysis was used to examine interview responses. Results: Participants were willing to deliver and receive PDPT and several potentially important related beliefs were identified. Participants indicated substantial unfamiliarity with words associated with STI treatment and some variability in definitions of sex partners. PDPT informational materials differentially affected participant willingness to receive (positively) and deliver (negatively) PDPT, positively influenced self-efficacy and understanding and were perceived as easy to use. Discussion: PDPT creates complex challenges for education, motivation and communication. Issues such as appropriate vocabulary and interpersonal trust may be amplified when responsibility for a medical procedure—dispensation of treatment—is shifted to patients. STI PDPT implementation can be augmented with effective, high-quality informational and packaging materials; however, several challenges exist.
Multi-task learning for speech recognition: an overview

Generalization is a common issue for automatic speech recognition. A successful method used to improve recognition results consists of training a single system to solve multiple related tasks in parallel. This overview investigates which auxiliary tasks are helpful for speech recognition when multi-task learning is applied on a deep learning based acoustic model. The impact of multi-task learning on speech recognition related tasks, such as speaker adaptation, or robustness to noise, is also examined.
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype of metastatic lymph nodes impacts the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in tumor metastasis, but the significance of EMT phenotype to the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remains unclear. We used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of the EMT-related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in samples of T3N1-3M0 ESCC from 155 primary tumors (PTs) with paired metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and 58 PTs without paired MLNs. Based on the expression pattern of the EMT markers, PTs and MLNs were classified as EMT wild, hybrid, null or complete type. The hybrid (42.7%) and complete (39.4%) types predominated among PTs, whereas the wild (34.2%) and hybrid (52.9%) types predominated among MLNs, and EMT phenotypes differed between the paired PTs and MLNs (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that, for PTs, the EMT phenotype was associated with N-stage (P = 0.039) but not patient survival, and that patients with complete or hybrid type MLNs had better overall survival (OS, P = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.005) than patients with null and wild type MLNs, especially those with N1-stage disease (P = 0.017 for OS, and P = 0.017 for DFS, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that wild and null type MLNs as well as older age and N2-3 stage were independent predictors of OS and DFS (P < 0.05). Thus MLNs exhibit EMT phenotypes that are distinct from those of their PT and may serve as a novel independent prognostic indicator in ESCC.
Community-oriented primary care: historical perspective.

BACKGROUND Community-oriented primary care (COPC) is a systematic approach to health care based upon principles derived from epidemiology, primary care, preventive medicine, and health promotion. We describe the development of COPC from an historical perspective. A critical assessment of current trends and implication for physician education and practice of COPC will be discussed in a companion article in the next issue of The Journal. METHODS MEDLINE was searched using the key phrase "community-oriented primary care" Other sources of information included books and other documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the 1950s, Sydney Kark showed dramatic positive changes in the health status of the population of Pholela, South Africa, using this approach. Similar approaches showed positive change in the health status of poor and underserved populations in the United States. The results were so impressive that the Institute of Medicine recommended widespread application of COPC in the United States. Successful COPC practices, however, have historically required considerable external funding from private and government sources. Thus, controversy about the feasibility of implementation of COPC in mainstream primary care practices developed. Schools of medicine and the discipline of family medicine have struggled to implement effective training in COPC within traditional medical school and residency structures. Yet, the societal need for recognition of and intervention in community health problems and coordination of community health resources continues.
A model on the cognitive and affective factors for the use of representations at the learning of decimals

In a previous article of the same journal, we have discussed the interrelations of students’ beliefs and self‐efficacy beliefs for the use of representations and their respective cognitive performance on the learning of fraction addition. In the present paper, we confirm a similar structure of cognitive and affective factors on using representations for the concept of decimals and mainly we discuss the various interrelations among those factors. Data were collected from 1701 students in Grades 5–8 (11–14‐years‐old). Results revealed that multiple‐representation flexibility, ability on solving problems with various modes of representation, beliefs about the use of representations and self‐efficacy beliefs about using them constructed an integrated model with strong interrelations that has differences and similarities with the respective model concerning the concept of fractions.
Dysregulation of Cell Polarity Proteins Synergize with Oncogenes or the Microenvironment to Induce Invasive Behavior in Epithelial Cells

Changes in expression and localization of proteins that regulate cell and tissue polarity are frequently observed in carcinoma. However, the mechanisms by which changes in cell polarity proteins regulate carcinoma progression are not well understood. Here, we report that loss of polarity protein expression in epithelial cells primes them for cooperation with oncogenes or changes in tissue microenvironment to promote invasive behavior. Activation of ErbB2 in cells lacking the polarity regulators Scribble, Dlg1 or AF-6, induced invasive properties. This cooperation required the ability of ErbB2 to regulate the Par6/aPKC polarity complex. Inhibition of the ErbB2-Par6 pathway was sufficient to block ErbB2-induced invasion suggesting that two polarity hits may be needed for ErbB2 to promote invasion. Interestingly, in the absence of ErbB2 activation, either a combined loss of two polarity proteins, or exposure of cells lacking one polarity protein to cytokines IL-6 or TNFα induced invasive behavior in epithelial cells. We observed the invasive behavior only when cells were plated on a stiff matrix (Matrigel/Collagen-1) and not when plated on a soft matrix (Matrigel alone). Cells lacking two polarity proteins upregulated expression of EGFR and activated Akt. Inhibition of Akt activity blocked the invasive behavior identifying a mechanism by which loss of polarity promotes invasion of epithelial cells. Thus, we demonstrate that loss of polarity proteins confers phenotypic plasticity to epithelial cells such that they display normal behavior under normal culture conditions but display aggressive behavior in response to activation of oncogenes or exposure to cytokines.
Are cognitive skills a prerequisite for learning to read and write

Abstract This paper reports a single case study of a severely retarded Italian boy. TA has a full-scale I.Q. of 47, a digit span of 2 items, and gross deficits in many praxic tasks. His spoken language is phonologically and syntactically well formed, although in terms of semantic and thematic structure it is highly impaired. There is comparable disorder of verbal comprehension. Despite this background of cognitive failure, TA has acquired excellent reading and writing skills at the level of print-to-sound and sound-to-print transcoding. We discuss the implications of the data for the modularity hypothesis, the vexed issue of cognitive prerequisites for reading, and the role of “metalinguistic awareness” as a determinant of “reading readiness”.
The Principal as Leader of the Self‐managing School in Australia

Briefly outlines the scope and pace of change in education in Australia which is extraordinary and, for many, disconcerting if not dislocating – there is virtually no aspect of the field that has not been touched by reform over the last decade, whether it be the processes of policy making among the different levels of government, or the structures within which public education is administered, or the roles of leaders such as school principals. Briefly contrasts the emerging and traditional roles, then offers an outline of the broad context for education. Details the factors which are influencing change in education, with a description in each instance of the manner in which these are affecting the role of the principal. Describes scenarios for schooling as the nation moves towards the twenty‐first century, with a further shift towards a market model foreshadowed. Proposes four dimensions for leadership on the part of the principal.
Commentary: How Well Do Scientists Communicate to Media?

On the basis of a review of traditionally reported “differences” between journalists and scientists and ongoing research, the author argues that organizational or professional culture dissonance may not present an impermeable barrier to communication. Findings from application of an ethical motivation scale and interviews with environmental journalists, science writers, and their science sources suggest shared goals create the basis for a much-needed two-way conversation.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Ni/Au Coated Particles for Ultra-Fine Pitch Interconnection

Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives (ACAs), are a fine-pitch flip-chip packaging method that has been successfully utilised in flat screen assembly and smart cards for more than two decades, but it struggles to meet the challenge of ultra-fine pitch interconnection because of the increasing probability of short-circuits as the pitch reduces. Previous studies have shown that electrophoretic deposition can overcome this problem by selectively depositing the interconnection particles onto the target pads. However the proposed hydrochloric acid (HCl) based immersion charging method damages the particle, which is considered likely to significantly impact the conductivity and reliability of the resulting interconnections. This paper presents an alternative charging method that is harmless to the particles, and through use of specific test chips with different dimensions of pad array explores the pitch capability of electrophoretic deposition. The results proved that Ni/Au coated polymer core particles became positively charged when immersed into a NiCl2 solution, and the subsequent zeta potential tests illustrated that the conductivity and pH of the suspension strongly impact the zeta potential of the particles. Finally the charged particles were electrophoretically deposited onto chips with array of pads having diameters ranging from 10 to 90 μm, which demonstrates the feasibility of this ultra-fine pitch process.
The effects of optimism bias in teams

This article imports a behavioural perspective into a team context to study the effort-coordination problem among agents. Specifically, we investigate how the presence of optimism bias impacts the severity of the free-rider problem, the organizational structure of the team and the compensation contracts offered to agents in equilibrium. The results indicate that all agents become more reluctant to exert effort and the team welfare decreases when some of its agents are optimistic, suggesting that optimism aggravates the free-rider problem in teams. Appointing a team leader makes all agents work harder, and the team benefits more by having the optimistic agent as its leader. These findings are in sharp contrast to the effects of overconfidence as identified in the literature. It is advisable to pay the optimistic agents less than the rational agents. Encouragingly, optimistic agents can learn about their own bias in the long run, leaving their team without too much detriment of optimism.
Does Public Information About School Quality Lead to Flight from Low-Achieving Schools?

We estimate the effect of publicly disseminated information about school-level achievement on students' mobility between elementary schools. We find that students are more likely to leave their school when poor school-level performance is revealed. In general, parents respond to information soon after it becomes available. Once the information is absorbed, they do not respond to subsequent releases, even when it is reframed and given widespread media attention. Parents in low-income neighborhoods and those who speak a non-English language at home respond most strongly. However, non-English speaking parents only respond when information is widely disseminated and discussed in the media.
Influence of Height on Quantitative Sensory, Nerve-Conduction, and Clinical Indices of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

We have examined associations between height and quantitative sensory, nerve-conduction, and clinical indices of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in adult diabetic patients. Vibratory sensitivity was strongly related to height when measurements were made with either the vibration sensitivity tester (P = .02) or the biothesiometer (P < .01); however, there was no relation between thermal sensitivity (as measured with the thermal sensitivity tester) and height. The peroneal and posterior tibial motor nerve - conduction velocities were inversely related to height (P < .05 for both). When age and diabetes duration were included as variables in multiple regression analyses, the associations with height became stronger. Clinical indices of peripheral neuropathy were also related to height in these analyses. Glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly related to thermal sensitivity and the peroneal and posterior tibial motor nerve-conduction velocities but not to vibratory sensitivity. These data indicate that height has a marked influence on quantitative sensory, nerve-conduction, and clinical indices of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
The impact of multiple sclerosis on sexuality and relationships

We were concerned with an evaluation of the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on sexual functioning, social and family relationships, and general well‐being. MS is a progressive neurological disease. The development of the illness is unpredictable, and the level of disability from the disorder is variable. Although the person with MS frequently looks healthy, impairment may occur in the sensory, cognitive, and motor domains. Women are more likely to contract MS, with two thirds of people with MS being female. MS places substantial demands on relationships and also influences the sexual functioning and general quality of life of both people with MS and their partners. Although researchers have explored the impact of MS on health‐related variables, few researchers have assessed the effect of MS on sexuality and interpersonal relationships. The Relationship Questionnaire was developed and used to determine the influence of the level of disability and time since the onset of the illness on sexual functioning,.
Frequency, phenomenology and anatomical–clinical correlates of major post-stroke depression

Background The meaning of post-stroke depression is controversial. Aims To investigate the hypothesis that major post-stroke depression (PSD) may be due to organic factors (left frontal lesions) immediately after the stroke, but to psychosocial factors in later stages. Method We studied 153 consecutive stroke patients, categorised on the basis of time elapsed since stroke, lesion location and presence/absence of major PSD, Fifty-eight were examined in the first two months following the stroke, 52 between two and four months, and 43 after four months or more. The symptom profiles and anatomical–clinical correlates of major PSD were studied in each subgroup. A group of 30 patients affected by a functional form of major depression were also investigated. Results The symptom profiles and anatomical–clinical correlates of major PSD were not different in the acute and more chronic stages. Clear symptom differences were, however, observed between major PSD and endogenous major depression. Motivated (reactive) symptoms prevailed in the former, whereas unmotivated symptoms prevailed in the latter. Conclusions Our data are more consistent with a psychological than with a neurological model of post-stroke depression.