Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marginalization of Socioscientific Material in Science–Technology–Society Science Curricula: Some Implications for Gender Inclusivity and Curriculum Reform

Science education reformers have argued that presenting science in the abstract is neither motivating nor inclusive of the majority of students. Science–technology–society (STS) curricula that give science an accessible social context have developed in response, but controversy surrounds the extent to which students should be introduced to socioscientific debate. Using material from a case study of Salters' Advanced Chemistry in the United Kingdom, this article demonstrates how socioscientific material is marginalized through the structures and language of syllabus texts and through classroom practices. This means students are unlikely to engage with socioscientific aspects in their course. Socioscientific content is gendered through association with social concerns and epistemological uncertainty, and because gender is asymmetric, socioscience is devalued with respect to the masculinity of abstract science. Teachers fear that extensive coverage of socioscience devalues the curriculum, alienates traditional science students and jeopardizes their own status as gatekeepers of scientific knowledge. Thus, although STS curricula such as Salters' offer potential for making science more accessible, the article concludes that greater awareness of, and challenges to, gender binaries could result in more effective STS curriculum reform. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach: 37: 426–440, 2000.
Does Corporate Culture Matter for Firm Policies

Economic theories suggest that a firm's corporate culture matters for its policy choices. We construct a parent-spinoff firm panel dataset that allows us to identify culture effects in firm policies from behavior that is inherited by a spinoff firm from its parent after the firms split up. We find positive and significant relations between spinoff firms' and their parents' choices of investment, financial, and operational policies. Consistent with predictions from economic theories of corporate culture, we find that the culture effects are long-term and stronger for internally grown business units and older firms. Our evidence also suggests that firms preserve their cultures by selecting managers who fit into their cultures. Finally, we find a strong relation between spinoff firms' and their parents' profitability, suggesting that corporate culture ultimately also affects economic performance. These results are robust to a series of robustness checks, and cannot be explained by alternatives such as governance or product market links. The contribution of this paper is to introduce the notion of corporate culture in a formal empirical analysis of firm policies and performance.
Loss of migfilin expression has no overt consequences on murine development and homeostasis

Migfilin is a LIM-domain-containing protein of the zyxin family of adaptor proteins and is found at cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion sites and in the nucleus. In vitro studies have suggested that migfilin promotes β1 integrin activity, regulates cell spreading and migration and induces cardiomyocyte differentiation. To test directly the function of migfilin in vivo, we generated a migfilin-null mouse strain. Here, we report that loss of migfilin expression permits normal development and normal postnatal aging. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes from migfilin-null mice display normal spreading and adhesion, and normal integrin expression and activation. The migration velocity and directionality of migfilin-null embryonic fibroblasts were normal, whereas the velocity of migfilin-null keratinocytes in wound scratch assays was slightly but significantly reduced. Our findings indicate that the roles of migfilin are functionally redundant during mouse development and tissue homeostasis.
Politiques urbaines, contestation et décentralisation Lotissement et représentations sociales au Burkina Faso

En Afrique de l’Ouest, le processus de decentralisation progresse et les operations de lotissement sont de plus en plus nombreuses. Realisees au nom de dynamiques participatives, ces operations renforcent parfois des phenomenes d’exclusion. Ce texte revient sur les conditions de possibilites de la protestation populaire dans un tel contexte. L’analyse mobilise la theorie des representations sociales et se penche sur la perception du lotissement, la relation entre injonction et aspiration a l’urbanite, la transformation du droit a la ville et la croissance des rhetoriques liees a l’autochtonie observee dans de nombreuses villes moyennes. Pour rendre compte de ces phenomenes, le texte decrit les etapes typiques d’une operation de lotissement a partir d’une etude de cas mene dans une ville moyenne du Burkina Faso (Koudougou).
Research and critical theory: Their contribution to social work education and practice

This paper analyses the pressures and contradictions facing research in social work and the position of critical theory in social work education and practice. The discussion draws from the authors' recent experiences of research in child protection. They argue that these experiences provide some unique opportunities to examine political, structural and social influences on research and on social work education and practice. The authors maintain that the connections between research, practice and education are not always interrogated critically in relation to being interactive and inter-dependent processes. However, this article argues that critical theory should be central in defining social work in research, education and practice and that when this focus slips, the primary purpose of social work - addressing need in the light of people's lived experience - is thwarted and distorted.
The disposition, morphology and innervation of cardiac specialized tissue in the guinea-pig.

The morphology of the atrioventricular nodal area was originally described by Tawara (1906) and subsequently supported by the reports ofmany workers. Recently it has been observed that the cellular arrangement in the rabbit and human (De Felice & Challice, 1969; Anderson, 1971; Anderson& Latham, 1971) may differ from the original description. Since much of the evidence to support this differentiation in the rabbit was adduced from the use of a combined neurohistochemical-histological technique, it was decided to apply this technique to another of the species studied by Tawara (1906), namely the guinea-pig. In addition to the atrioventricular area, the entire heart was studied in an attempt to elucidate the full extent of cardiac specialized tissue in this animal.
The Role of Learning Support Assistants in the Inclusive Learning of Pupils with Severe and Profound Learning Difficulties

This paper presents findings from a study of the role played by learning support assistants (LSAs) in the inclusion of pupils with severe or profound learning difficulties. The data suggest that LSAs are of crucial importance in making this possible and supporting these pupils' learning. The most effective LSAs supported groups of pupils rather than individuals, offered just the right amount of support, had time for planning and reporting back to teachers; and felt a valued part of the staff team.
Early relapse of acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy after successful treatment with plasma exchange

ABSTRACT— Symptoms reappeared within 2–4 weeks in 6 of 23 patients with acute Guillain‐Barré syndrome who had demonstrated significant clinical improvement following plasma exchange therapy; all however improved to full recovery after a second series of plasma exchanges. The procedure appears to be associated with increased risk of early relapse. Our observations suggest that a relationship may exist between rapid removal of large amounts of plasma and the possibility of relapse.
“Post”-Conflict Displacement: Isolation and Integration in Georgia

The Abkhaz civil wars and continuing territorial conflicts in Georgia have resulted in the long-term displacement of more than 200,000 people since the early 1990s. Although the international and local discourse is about integrating internally displaced persons (IDPs), little research has documented the meaning of isolation or integration for the daily lives of the IDPs or the local population. We engage the discourse about integration and isolation by analyzing the composition, size, and density of social networks in the “post”-conflict environment and the socio-spatial characteristics of social interactions and social networks. We combine a formal social network analysis with a daily path analysis to explore how socio-spatial patterns are formative of social networks and explore how various demographic factors, including gender, dwelling status, and employment status, may be related to the nature of social interactions and social networks. Our results are initially puzzling and suggest the need to rethink the meaning of isolation and integration within postconflict situations. We had expected to find greater diversity of social interactions in both populations, especially IDPs in private accommodations, because they are generally thought to have more diverse social interactions. The social network and daily path analyses, however, suggest evidence of social isolation within social networks among the entire population, not only among IDPs. We find a high degree of social isolation in two ways: (1) the persistent dominance of family and kin in all social networks and (2) highly dense (or closed) social networks in the entire population across gender, dwelling, and migrant status. The only demographic factor that appears to distinguish patterns is whether an individual engages in income-generating activity. Finally, using narrative interviews, we also explore the meaning of integration and isolation during displacement in the Georgian context.
Deletion of chromosome arm 17p dna sequences in pediatric high‐grade and juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas

In adults, loss of heterozygosity for DNA on 17p has been shown in high‐grade anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs) and glioblastomas multiforme (GMs), and mutation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene has been reported in all grades of astrocytomas. Little is known, however, about 17p deletion and TP53 mutation in juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas (JPAs), the most common low‐grade tumors seen in children. To elucidate the genetic characteristics of pediatric high‐grade astrocytomas and JPAs, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with probes derived from 17p and TP53 mutational studies in 28 tumor specimens. Telomeric chromosome arm 17p markers 144‐D6 and ABR were lost in 6 (75%) of 8 informative tumors classified as high‐grade (7 AAs, 1 GM) and in 2 (10%) of 20 informative JPAs. Loss of 17p probes centromeric to the TP53 gene were also detected in 3 AAs and 5 JPAs. Four of the 6 (66%) JPAs with losses of 17p DNA sequences recurred rapidly despite aggressive therapy, whereas only 5 of the other 14 (36%) recurred. Mutation of the TP53 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in only 1 JPA and 1 AA. These tumors were also examined for MDM2 gene amplification as an alternate inactivation mechanism for TP53 gene function: no instances of alteration were identified. These results suggest that a gene or genes in addition to TP53 on 17p may be involved in the etiology or progression of high‐grade astrocytomas and aggressive JPAs in children. Further, molecular genetic studies may be an important supplement to current clinical and radiologic data in predicting the outcome and guiding the therapy of children with aggressive and malignant astrocytomas.
Theory Development in Enterprise Systems and Organizational Learning

Despite the wide-spread attention focused on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems by both researchers and practitioners, there remain gaps in understanding their implementation and impacts. The majority of ERP research concerns either critical success factors or ERP effects. Very little has been done with regard to the relationship between ERP and organizational learning (OL). Much of the existing literature in this area focuses on learning during system implementation with a small amount of additional literature focusing on learning resulting from or connected to ERP use. The work of integrating research on ERP implementation and post-implementation effects is begun by identifying the use of OL as a lens for understanding these two phenomena. The paper makes two unique contributions to the existing literature. First, a case is built for ERP support of OL by emphasizing ERP decision-support capabilities. Second, a set of existing theoretical constructs is put forward as a possible basis for investigating the relationship between ERP implementation learning and post-implementation support of OL. Finally, the paper outlines areas for future investigation and provides a basic investigative framework to be pursued. Given that this research identifies connections between the two forms of learning, it is possible that what is represented is a lifecycle of OL within the ERP implementation/post-implementation chain of events.
Does IQ measure ability for complex cognition?

A popular conception of the “intelligence,” or g, thought to be measured by IQ tests, is that of a cognitive “strength” variable that facilitates complex cognition such as reasoning and problem solving. Yet test items seem remarkably un-complex when compared with everyday cognition. Here, typical verbal and non-verbal test items are examined and arguments asserting their complexity are challenged. In contrast, several lines of research indicate how “real life” cognition is much more complex than that required by such items. The claim that an IQ-job performance correlation is stronger for more complex jobs is also challenged. This leads to the suggestion that other sources of variance, including cultural, affective, and other non-cognitive factors, may explain differences in test performance. An alternative explanation for the still-puzzling “Flynn effect” is proposed, with the idea that IQ differences reflect cultural “distance” (from possibly equal, but different, complexities) rather than a universal cognitive “strength. ”
The importance of being aware of what we don't know

In this first issue of 2012, we have a selection of articles that is quite representative of the Nordic Journal of Music Therapy’s traditional strengths: two articles in the genre of theoretical research, one qualitative research article, and one in the category Perspectives on Practice, along with one book review. The use of music therapy to help facilitate medical procedures is a field of application that is shaped by the demands of mainstream medicine and the medical procedures being performed. Owing to this context, practice in this field has emphasized concrete procedures. Research on it has typically been empirical, quantitative, and outcome-focused more than emphasizing theoretical development. It is therefore very interesting to read an example of theoretical research in this field. Claire Ghetti (pp. 3–35) has used qualitative document analysis to critically examine the literature in this field. Integrating findings from 19 primary sources, she has been able to formulate a theoretically grounded working model. In the context of a growing interest in somatic illnesses and hospital settings (e.g., Ahmadi, 2011; TeckenbergJansson, Huotilainen, Pölkki, Lipsanen, & Järvenpää, 2011; Weller & Baker, 2011), Ghetti’s comprehensive article provides a timely opportunity to rethink the theoretical framework. Another theoretical research paper, by Varvara Pasiali (pp. 36–56), explores the concept of resilience and its relevance to music therapy. Similar to other recent theoretical developments in music therapy (e.g., Procter, 2011), she sets the music therapist’s focus on individual strengths and resources as well as on the interconnections between the individual and the societal environment. This systemic way of thinking finds a natural application in family-based music therapy. The literature in this field is still quite limited and documents a need for further research, both empirical and theoretical. Empirical researchers need tools, and sometimes research tools can also be useful in shaping reflections about clinical practice. Avi Gilboa (pp. 57– 79) presents the latest developments and experiences with the Music Therapy Analyzing Partitura (MAP), a tool he and his colleagues had developed previously to describe and analyze music therapy sessions systematically. Five music therapists who implemented the MAP found it Nordic Journal of Music Therapy Vol. 21, No. 1, February 2012, 1–2
Two-photon imaging of the mouse eye.

PURPOSE To image the conventional aqueous outflow pathway and adjacent structures within the intact enucleated mouse eye using a noninvasive microscopy technique. METHODS Two-photon microscopy (2PM) techniques, including two-photon autofluorescence (2PAF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), were used to obtain images of the trabecular meshwork (TM) region within an intact mouse eye. Cardiac perfusion of fluorescein-conjugated dextran was used to label blood vessels within the eye to serve as an anatomic reference. Eyes were subsequently fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained for comparison to the 2PM images. RESULTS Three-dimensional analyses of multiple 2PM images revealed a well-defined region adjacent to the iris and cornea that is free of SHG signal and consistent with the location of Schlemm's canal. This open region is continuous with smaller tube structures consistent with collector channels. These structures do not label in mice perfused with the vascular probe dextran, supporting the hypothesis that the enclosed spaces are filled with aqueous humor rather than circulating blood. The TM region in the mouse eye was also visible, with a clear SHG signal representing collagen fibers. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that 2PM may be useful for noninvasively imaging the conventional aqueous outflow pathway in mouse models of glaucoma. Studies are ongoing to validate our methodology in live animals.
Problem Difficulty and Response Format in Syllogistic Reasoning

It was hypothesized that the perceived irrelevance of the proposition “Some X are not Y” is a factor contributing to the difficulty of nearly all the determinate syllogisms classed as multiple model by Johnson-Laird and Byrne (1991), according to mental models theory. Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis by showing that subjects frequently correctly evaluate valid “Some … not” conclusions but rarely produce them, even when they have evaluated them elsewhere. Explanations of these findings based on the use of superficial strategies were ruled out. Experiment 2 further supported the hypothesis by showing that performance increased across the no-conclusion, multiple-choice, and evaluation task formats, and that this effect generalized to problems containing the quantifier “only”. However, the initial hypothesis was rejected in light of Experiment 3, which found no difference between multiple-choice and no-conclusion formats when the number of allowable conclusions was controlled for. Nevertheless, superior performance remained in the evaluation format, and it is suggested that offered conclusions may be used as a goal for the reasoning process. This interpretation is supported by the finding (Experiments 1 and 3) that subjects appear to search only for alternative conclusions that maintain the subject-predicate structure of the offered conclusion.
Direct measurement of the dielectric polarization properties of DNA

Significance The strength of DNA–DNA and DNA–ligand electrostatic interactions crucially depends on the electric polarizability of DNA, represented by its dielectric constant. This has remained unknown owing to the lack of experimental techniques able to measure it. Here, we experimentally determined the dielectric constant of double-stranded DNA in a native condensed state inside a single bacteriophage as well as the dielectric constants of the protein shell and tail that compose the viral capsid using scanning force microscopy. We supported the experimental data by theoretically determining the DNA dielectric constant using atomistic simulations. Both approaches yield a dielectric constant of DNA around 8, sensibly higher than commonly assumed, thus revealing a DNA intrinsic property essential for realistic computational description of DNA. The electric polarizability of DNA, represented by the dielectric constant, is a key intrinsic property that modulates DNA interaction with effector proteins. Surprisingly, it has so far remained unknown owing to the lack of experimental tools able to access it. Here, we experimentally resolved it by detecting the ultraweak polarization forces of DNA inside single T7 bacteriophages particles using electrostatic force microscopy. In contrast to the common assumption of low-polarizable behavior like proteins (εr ∼ 2–4), we found that the DNA dielectric constant is ∼8, considerably higher than the value of ∼3 found for capsid proteins. State-of-the-art molecular dynamic simulations confirm the experimental findings, which result in sensibly decreased DNA interaction free energy than normally predicted by Poisson–Boltzmann methods. Our findings reveal a property at the basis of DNA structure and functions that is needed for realistic theoretical descriptions, and illustrate the synergetic power of scanning probe microscopy and theoretical computation techniques.
Accumulation and time: Marx’s historiography from the Grundrisse to Capital

This article investigates the way in which Marx combines different historiographical approaches in order to draft the possibility for both new forms of social relationship and a new anthropology. The classic unilinear and historicist paradigm and its idea of pre-modern, pre-capitalist and pre-political social forms does not help in understanding the interaction of different temporalities and the combination of formal and real subsumptions. The representation of ongoing accumulation requires different temporalities, which conflict and intertwine with one another.
Involvement of a cell size control mechanism in the induction and maintenance of oscillations in continuous cultures of budding yeast

Spontaneous oscillations occur in glucose‐limited continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under aerobic conditions. The oscillatory behavior is detectable as a periodic change of many bioparameters such as dissolved oxygen, ethanol production, biomass concentration, as well as cellular content of storage carbohydrates and is associated to a marked synchronization of the yeast population. These oscillations may be related to a periodic accumulation of ethanol produced by yeast in the culture medium.
20th Century Cinemas: A Complex Challenge for the Visualisation of Culture, Structure and History

This paper discusses the manner in which cinema buildings of the 20th century represent both an important physical record of society, and a challenge in terms of representing a complex range of historical, cultural, economic and physical data sets.The paper provides an overview of visualisation techniques which are appropriate to the subject, and provides a case study taken from the city of Aberdeen. A conclusion is that emerging technologies will facilitate the rapid collection of highly accurate information pertaining to the still intact physical structure, where still in place, but that such data must be related directly to wider contextual data in order that informed plans can be formulated for future developments, including conservation strategies.