Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetically reconstructed pedigrees : The costs and benefits of using full-1 sibling structure to constrain parentage assignments 2 3

22 We present a simple yet effective method to improve parentage assignment 23 (PA) accuracy an average of 47% compared to the PA programs PEDAPP 24 (39%), PASOS (53%), and CERVUS (50%) as measured over a wide range of 25 simulated scenarios. The method, termed sibship constraint (SC), uses the 26 results of sibship reconstruction (SR) to constrain assignments from PA output. 27 It works by assigning the PA candidates allocated to the greatest proportion of 28 offspring within a reconstructed full-sibling family to all members of that 29 family. A user-specified minimum threshold value determines which 30 candidate(s) to keep based on assignment proportions. Accuracy comparisons 31 were made between SC method and PA program outputs for the following eight 32 variables: minimum threshold value, SR program used, mating strategy, mean 33 family size, proportion of true parents sampled, number of loci used, 34 genotyping error rate, and cohort assignment error rate. The cost of using the 35 SC method was a decrease in assignments made to offspring whose true parents 36 were sampled by 9% compared to PEDAPP and PASOS, and 21% compared to 37 CERVUS. However, this cost was more than offset by the benefit of a 38 decreased number of assignments made to offspring whose true parents were 39 not sampled by 80% (PEDAPP), 82% (PASOS), and 84% (CERVUS), which 40 resulted in marked improvement to assigned accuracies. The SC method is 41 3 highly flexible in that it can use outputs from six SR and twelve PA programs, 42 with all SR-PA pairings possible. Additionally, the method is fully automated 43 within the freely-available software program PEDAGREE. 44 4
Two of Them Do It Better: Novel Serum Biomarkers Improve Autoimmune Hepatitis Diagnosis

Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease of unknown aetiology and characterized by continuing hepatocellular inflammation and necrosis. Autoantibodies represent accessible markers to measure the adaptive immune responses in the clinical investigation. Protein microarrays have become an important tool to discriminate the disease state from control groups, even though there is no agreed-upon standard to analyze the results. Results In the present study 15 sera of patients with AIH and 78 healthy donors (HD) have been tested against 1626 proteins by an in house-developed array. Using a Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) the resulting data interpretation led to the identification of both new and previously identified proteins. Two new proteins AHPA9419 and Chondroadherin precursor (UNQ9419 and CHAD, respectively), and previously identified candidates as well, have been confirmed in a validation phase by DELFIA assay using a new cohort of AIH patients. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for the evaluation of biomarker candidates. The sensitivity of each autoantigen in AIH ranged from 65 to 88%; moreover, when the combination of the two new autoantigens was analyzed, the sensitivity increased to 95%. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the detection of autoantibodies against the two autoantigens could improve the performance in discriminating AIH patients from control classes and in combination with previously identified autoantigens and they could be used in diagnostic/prognostic markers.
An Environmental Management Information System for Closing Knowledge Gaps in Corporate Sustainable Decision-Making

Decision-making on issues of corporate sustainability is an emerging topic in both academia and business practice. Nevertheless, contemporary environmental decisionsupport models show significant shortcomings that call into question the usefulness and applicability of the results of such decision-making. To improve the quality of corporate sustainable decision-making, we apply a design-science approach to develop an environmental management information system. This design-artifact is developed based on technical feasibility and business requirements that are elaborated in collaboration with practitioners. We identify domain-specific information demands and source systems. Appropriate systems and their interrelations are also described. Overall, both academia and business practice would benefit from the developed artifact, which is tailored for issues of corporate sustainability, as it enables holistic decisionmaking based on sound data sourcing, warehousing, and appropriate decision-support applications. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the artifact within a realworld case study concerning product take-back and reprocessing of used IT equipment.
Neural Signatures of Conscious Face Perception in an Inattentional Blindness Paradigm

Previous studies suggest that early stages of face-specific processing are performed preattentively and unconsciously, whereas conscious perception emerges with late-stage (>300 ms) neuronal activity. A conflicting view, however, posits that attention is necessary for face-specific processing and that early-to-mid latency neural responses (∼100–300 ms) correspond more closely with perceptual awareness. The current study capitalized on a recently developed method for manipulating attention and conscious perception during EEG recording (modified inattentional blindness paradigm) and used face stimuli that elicit a well known marker of early face processing, the N170 event-related potential (ERP). In Phase 1 of the experiment, subjects performed a demanding distracter task while line drawings of faces and matched control stimuli were presented in the center of their view. When queried, half of the subjects reported no awareness of the faces and were deemed inattentionally blind. In Phase 2, subjects performed the same distracter task, but now consciously perceived the face stimuli due to the intervening questioning. In Phase 3, subjects performed a discrimination task on the faces. Two primary contrasts were made: aware versus unaware (equally task irrelevant) and task-relevant versus task-irrelevant (equally aware). The N170 and a subsequent ERP component, the visual awareness negativity (∼260–300 ms), were absent during inattentional blindness and present in the aware conditions. The P3b (>300 ms) was absent for task-irrelevant faces, even when consciously perceived, and present only when the faces were task relevant. These results inform contemporary theories of conscious face perception in particular and visual attention and perceptual awareness in general.
Microtubule organization by kinesin motors and microtubule crosslinking protein MAP65

Microtubules are rigid, proteinaceous filaments required to organize and rearrange the interior of cells. They organize space by two mechanisms, including acting as the tracks for long-distance cargo transporters, such as kinesin-1, and by forming a network that supports the shape of the cell. The microtubule network is composed of microtubules and a bevy of associated proteins and enzymes that self-organize using non-equilibrium dynamic processes. In order to address the effects of self-organization of microtubules, we have utilized the filament-gliding assay with kinesin-1 motors driving microtubule motion. To further enhance the complexity of the system and determine if new patterns are formed, we added the microtubule crosslinking protein MAP65-1. MAP65-1 is a microtubule-associated protein from plants that crosslinks antiparallel microtubules, similar to mammalian PRC1 and fission yeast Ase1. We find that MAP65 can slow and halt the velocity of microtubules in gliding assays, but when pre-formed microtubule bundles are added to gliding assays, kinesin-1 motors can pull apart the bundles and reconstitute cell-like protrusions.
Channel Tracking and Transmit Beamforming With Frugal Feedback

Channel state feedback is a serious burden that limits deployment of transmit beamforming systems with many antennas in frequency-division duplex (FDD) mode. Transmit beamforming with limited feedback systems estimate the channel at the receiver and send quantized channel state or beamformer information to the transmitter. A different approach that exploits the spatio-temporal correlation of the channel is proposed here. The transmitter periodically sends a beamformed pilot signal in the downlink, while the receiver quantizes the corresponding received signal and feeds back the bits to the transmitter. Assuming an autoregressive (AR) channel model, Kalman filtering (KF) based on the sign of innovations (SOI) is proposed for channel tracking, and closed-form expressions for the channel estimation mean-squared error (MSE) are derived under certain conditions. For more general channel models, a novel tracking approach is proposed that exploits the quantization bits in a maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation. Simulations show that close to optimum performance can be attained with only 2 bits per channel dwell time block, even for systems with many transmit antennas. This clears a hurdle for transmit beamforming with many antennas in FDD mode-which was almost impossible with the prior state-of-art.
SSP2 and OSW1, Two Sporulation-Specific Genes Involved in Spore Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the synthesis of prospore membranes (PSMs) followed by the assembly of spore walls (SWs). We have characterized extensively the phenotypes of mutants in the sporulation-specific genes, SSP2 and OSW1, which are required for spore formation. A striking feature of the osw1 phenotype is asynchrony of spore development, with some spores displaying defects in PSM formation and others spores in the same ascus blocked at various stages in SW development. The Osw1 protein localizes to spindle pole bodies (SPBs) during meiotic nuclear division and subsequently to PSMs/SWs. We propose that Osw1 performs a regulatory function required to coordinate the different stages of spore morphogenesis. In the ssp2 mutant, nuclei are surrounded by PSMs and SWs; however, PSMs and SWs often also encapsulate anucleate bodies both inside and outside of spores. In addition, the SW is not as thick as in wild type. The ssp2 mutant defect is partially suppressed by overproduction of either Spo14 or Sso1, both of which promote the fusion of vesicles at the outer plaque of the SPB early in PSM formation. We propose that Ssp2 plays a role in vesicle fusion during PSM formation.
Switching over to paper: a new Web channel

We present a general Web-based information infrastructure capable of supporting the rapid development of highly-interactive information environments that cater for widely varying requirements across application domains and all forms of fixed and mobile client devices. In particular, we describe how this infrastructure has been extended to support digitally augmented paper through a special transformation component that can map active areas of document pages to information objects so that user and context-dependent interaction can be supported. Our infrastructure is sufficiently general and flexible to adapt to, not only emerging and even unanticipated technologies in the area of interactive paper, but also the rapidly expanding interaction sphere of hypermedia.
Conceptualisation and development of the physics related personal epistemology questionnaire (PPEQ)

ABSTRACT This study was designed to develop an assessment tool to measure high school students’ personal epistemology (PE) in the physics domain by using validation processes. Based on theoretical foundations of PE, the PPEQ was conceptualised on six hypothetical dimensions: structure of knowledge [SK], justification of knowledge and knowing [JK], changeability of knowledge [CK], equations in physics [EQ], quick learning [QL], and source of knowledge [source]. In total, 42-items were developed deductively for these dimensions, and a panel of experts assessed the content validity of the instrument. Subsequently, factor analyses were performed to obtain construct-related evidence. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the data collected from 362 ninth graders. EFA yielded a six-factor solution which excluded the EQ and divided SK into two dimensions: coherent SK and hierarchical SK. Second, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the remaining 27-items on data collected from a new sample of 350 ninth graders. The CFA results confirmed that the PPEQ assesses six factors emerged from EFA. Internal consistency of the PPEQ was also found to be very high with Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient of . 92, and the coefficients of dimensions ranged from . 71 to . 83.
Eulerian and Lagrangian stability of fluid motions

In this thesis, we study stability of inviscid fluids in the Lagrangian sense. That is, we look at how paths of particles diverge from each other under a small perturbation of the initial velocity field. The more usual question of stability is in the Eulerian sense, when one looks at how velocities at each point diverge from a steady state under a small perturbation. We demonstrate, for certain restricted types of flows as well as for some very particular examples, the connection between these two forms of stability. In particular, we observe that in many cases, Eulerian stability is incompatible with exponential Lagrangian instability, although it is compatible with polynomial Lagrangian instability. Several of the most important features of fluid stability, especially in the incompressible case, are actually general properties of Lie groups with one-sided invariant metrics. In finite dimensions, we can perform many computations on such groups explicitly. For example, the geodesic equation linearized about a steady solution is just a differential equation with constant coefficients, whose solution may always be found explicitly. In addition, the Jacobi equation in this case can always be written as two decoupled first-order equations, and this makes them even easier to study. There is a simple criterion for the Eulerian stability of a steady flow on a Lie group; we verify that it captures nearly all instances of Eulerian stability on a three-dimensional group. On the other hand, we compile some of the known criteria for Lagrangian stability and demonstrate that they are much less broadly applicable. Since these results all involve constant-coefficient differential equations, we are able to avoid much technical machinery and prove most results quite directly. We finally list many examples of Jacobi fields and curvature tensors which behave unlike what one might intuitively expect. For example, we have Jacobi fields which grow exponentially despite having a strictly positive curvature tensor (the Rauch comparison theorem only bounds the Jacobi field up to the first conjugate point). We have geodesics along which the curvatures are both positive and negative, and such that their Jacobi fields can oscillate, grow exponentially, or even grow polynomially. (Surprisingly, directions of negative
General and task-specific frontal lobe recruitment in older adults during executive processes: A fMRI investigation of task-switching

Performance deteriorates when subjects must shift between two different tasks relative to performing either task separately. This switching cost is thought to result from executive processes that are not inherent to the component operations of either task when performed alone. Medial and dorsolateral frontal cortices are theorized to subserve these executive processes. Here we show that larger areas of activation were seen in dorsolateral and medial frontal cortex in both younger and older adults during switching than repeating conditions, confirming the role of these frontal brain regions in executive processes. Younger subjects activated these medial and dorsolateral frontal cortices only when switching between tasks; in contrast, older subjects recruited similar frontal regions while performing the tasks in isolation as well as alternating between them. Older adults recruit medial and dorsolateral frontal areas, and the processes computed by these areas, even when no such demands are intrinsic to the current task conditions. This neural recruitment may be useful in offsetting the declines in cognitive function associated with ageing.
Action Mechanisms of Lithium Chloride on Cell Infection by Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine coronavirus. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been found to be effective against several DNA viruses, such as Herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus. Recently, we and others have reported the inhibitory effect of LiCl on avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) infection, an RNA virus. In the current study, the action mechanism of LiCl on cell infection by TGEV was investigated. Plaque assays and 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays showed that the cell infection by TGEV was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, when LiCl was added to virus-infected cells; the cell infection was not affected when either cells or viruses were pretreated with the drug. The inhibition of TGEV infection in vitro by LiCl was observed at different virus doses and with different cell lines. The inhibitory effect of LiCl against TGEV infection and transcription was confirmed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR targeting viral S and 3CL-protease genes. The time-of-addition effect of the drug on TGEV infection indicated that LiCl acted on the initial and late stage of TGEV infection. The production of virus was not detected at 36 h post-infection due to the drug treatment. Moreover, immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry analyses based on staining of Annexin V and propidium iodide staining of nuclei indicated that early and late cell apoptosis induced by TGEV was inhibited efficiently. The ability of LiCl to inhibit apoptosis was investigated by IF analysis of caspase-3 expression. Our data indicate that LiCl inhibits TGEV infection by exerting an anti-apoptotic effect. The inhibitory effect of LiCl was also observed with porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus. Together with other reports concerning the inhibitory effect of lithium salts on IBV in cell culture, our results indicate that LiCl may be a potent agent against porcine and avian coronaviruses.
Effects of Exogenous Interleukin-6 duringPseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection

ABSTRACT Lack of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection leads to more severe disease with changes in neutrophil recruitment. Exogenous IL-6 leads to increased efficiency of neutrophil recruitment and reduced bacterial loads in corneal infection in both IL-6 gene knockout and wild-type mice. This may be mediated by IL-6 increasing the production of corneal macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1. We conclude that effective recruitment of neutrophils into the cornea is dependent on the production of IL-6 and that early augmentation of IL-6 may be protective in corneal infection.
Indian Economy: Current Problems and Future Prospects T

PCT No. PCT/US93/04092 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 20, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 20, 1994 PCT Filed May 6, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/00480 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 6, 1994The application discloses steroidal glycoside compounds, especially spirostanyl glycosides, which have a glycosyl group O-linked to the C-3 hydroxy radical of the steroid and where the moieties at the C-10 and C-11 positions of the steroid are the same or different and are selected from the group consisiting of methylene, hydroxy and carbonyl. These steroid glycosides are useful as hypocholesterolemic agents and anti-atherosclerosis agents.
Prostaglandin‐Related Renin Release from Rabbit Renal Cortical Slices

The possibility that 6-keto-prosUglandin E1, (6-keto-PGE1,) affects renin release was studied using rabbit renal cortical slices, a preparation that eliminates bemodynamic, neural, and blood-borne factors that might influence renin release. The medium used for incubating the slices was collected for renin assay at the end of each of four successive 20-minute periods. Test agents were added only once, at the beginning of Period 3 (experimental period). Between Periods 3 and 4 (recovery period), the medium was aspirated and the slices rinsed with Krebs solution before replacing the medium. Renin release did not change in vehicle-treated slices. Unlike the PGI1induced changes, the effects of 6-keto-PGE1, on renin release were sustained In Period 4. Indomethacin potentiated renin stimulation Induced by 10 μM concentrations of PGI2, and 6-keto-PGE1 in Period 3 and by 6-keto-PGE1, in Period 4. Using platelet antiaggregatory activity as an index of stability, we found that PGI2, was largely inactivated within 10 minutes under the conditions used for incubating the slices (pH 7.4, 37°C), while 6-keto-PGE1, was stable. The results lend further support to the concept that 6-keto- PGE1 is capable of releasing renin through a direct action. (Hypertension 4 (suppl II): II-96-II-100, 1982)
Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents in Lymnaea

ABSTRACT The pond snail Lymnaea learns conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and remembers not to respond to food substances that initially cause a feeding response. The possible relationship between how well snails learn to follow taste-aversion training and brain dopamine contents is not known. We examined this relationship and found the following: first, snails in the act of eating just before the commencement of CTA training were poor learners and had the highest dopamine contents in the brain; second, snails which had an ad libitum access to food, but were not eating just before training, were average learners and had lower dopamine contents; third, snails food-deprived for one day before training were the best learners and had significantly lower contents of dopamine compared to the previous two cohorts. There was a negative correlation between the CTA grades and the brain dopamine contents in these three cohorts. Fourth, snails food-deprived for five days before training were poor learners and had higher dopamine contents. Thus, severe hunger increased the dopamine content in the brain. Because dopamine functions as a reward transmitter, CTA in the severely deprived snails (i.e. the fourth cohort) was thought to be mitigated by a high dopamine content. Summary: Severely food-deprived snails cannot acquire conditioned taste aversion, because this conditioning is thought to be mitigated by a high content of a reward transmitter, dopamine, in these snails.