Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Small-Scale Stability of Thermonuclear Flames in Type Ia Supernovae

We present a numerical model which allows us to investigate thermonuclear flames in Type Ia supernova explosions. The model is based on a finite-volume explicit hydrodynamics solver employing PPM. Using the level-set technique combined with in-cell reconstruction and flux-splitting schemes we are able to describe the flame in the discontinuity approximation. We apply our implementation to flame propagation in Chandrasekhar-mass Type Ia supernova models. In particular we concentrate on intermediate scales between the flame width and the Gibson scale, where the burning front is subject to the Landau-Darrieus instability. We are able to reproduce the theoretical prediction on the growth rates of perturbations in the linear regime and observe the stabilization of the flame in a cellular shape. The increase of the mean burning velocity due to the enlarged flame surface is measured. Results of our simulation are in agreement with semianalytical studies.
Gap detection thresholds in old and young adults for speech and nonspeech stimuli differing in spectral properties

Older adults have more difficulty than younger adults understanding spoken language, especially in the presence of background noise and when the speech signal is degraded (e.g., CHABA, 1988). Such deficits exist even for older adults with audiometric hearing thresholds in the normal range (e.g., Pichora-Fuller, 1997). Temporal processing has been implicated as an important aspect of speech processing that is susceptible to age-related changes. Gap detection tasks measure one aspect of temporal processing by determining the smallest gap between two stimulus markers that can be detected by a listener. Characteristics of gap detection stimuli, including marker duration and spectral symmetry of markers, influence the degree to which a gap detection task approximates processing of phonetically important temporal speech cues. Manipulation of these features has been shown to affect listener performance (e.g., Phillips, Taylor, Hall, Carr, & Mosop, 1997). This thesis examines the influence of such stimulus characteristics on age-related effects in gap detection performance, and considers the implications of such interactions. Gap detection thresholds were measured for eight younger and eight older normal-hearing adult listeners. The stimuli were varied across three dimensions, which included (1) speech versus non-speech, (2) long duration markers versus short duration markers, and (3) symmetrical versus asymmetrical markers. Gap detection performance was measured for each participant in eight stimulus conditions, which included all possible combinations of the three varied stimulus characteristics.
Patrol Detection for Replica Attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks

Replica attack is a critical concern in the security of wireless sensor networks. We employ mobile nodes as patrollers to detect replicas distributed in different zones in a network, in which a basic patrol detection protocol and two detection algorithms for stationary and mobile modes are presented. Then we perform security analysis to discuss the defense strategies against the possible attacks on the proposed detection protocol. Moreover, we show the advantages of the proposed protocol by discussing and comparing the communication cost and detection probability with some existing methods.
Elliptic Curve Multiset Hash

A homomorphic, or incremental, multiset hash function, associates a hash value to arbitrary collections of objects (with possible repetitions) in such a way that the hash of the union of two collections is easy to compute from the hashes of the two collections themselves: it is simply their sum under a suitable group operation. In particular, hash values of large collections can be computed incrementally and/or in parallel. Homomorphic hashing is thus a very useful primitive with applications ranging from database integrity verification to streaming set/multiset comparison and network coding. Unfortunately, constructions of homomorphic hash functions in the literature are hampered by two main drawbacks: they tend to be much longer than usual hash functions at the same security level (e.g. to achieve a collision resistance of 2^128, they are several thousand bits long, as opposed to 256 bits for usual hash functions), and they are also quite slow. In this paper, we introduce the Elliptic Curve Multiset Hash (ECMH), which combines a usual bit string-valued hash function like BLAKE2 with an efficient encoding into binary elliptic curves to overcome both difficulties. On the one hand, the size of ECMH digests is essentially optimal: 2m-bit hash values provide O(2^m) collision resistance. On the other hand, we demonstrate a highly-efficient software implementation of ECMH, which our thorough empirical evaluation shows to be capable of processing over 3 million set elements per second on a 4 GHz Intel Haswell machine at the 128-bit security level---many times faster than previous practical methods.
Generalized Bias-Variance Evaluation of TREC Participated Systems

Recent research has shown that the improvement of mean retrieval effectiveness (e.g., MAP) may sacrifice the retrieval stability across queries, implying a tradeoff between effectiveness and stability. The evaluation of both effectiveness and stability are often based on a baseline model, which could be weak or biased. In addition, the effectiveness-stability tradeoff has not been systematically or quantitatively evaluated over TREC participated systems. The above two problems, to some extent, limit our awareness of such tradeoff and its impact on developing future IR models. In this paper, motivated by a recently proposed bias-variance based evaluation, we adopt a strong and unbiased "baseline", which is a virtual target model constructed by the best performance (for each query) among all the participated systems in a retrieval task. We also propose generalized bias-variance metrics, based on which a systematic and quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness-stability tradeoff is carried out over the participated systems in the TREC Ad-hoc Track (1993-1999) and Web Track (2010-2012). We observe a clear effectiveness-stability tradeoff, with a trend of becoming more obvious in more recent years. This implies that when we pursue more effective IR systems over years, the stability has become problematic and could have been largely overlooked.
Disinhibition of restraint : a comparison of the Restraint Scale and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire

Ridgway, Pamela S. , October 1994 Psychology Disinhibition of restraint; a comparison of the Restraint Scale and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire d Director: D. Balfour Jeffrey, Ph.D. Recent evidence has suggested that there are m chrt'ant differences between the measurement scales used to assess dietary restraint. The present study compared the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) and the Cognitive Restraint Scale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-CR) in their ability to predict negative affect eating (disinhibition of restraint) in the laboratory. Subjects (104 college women) were classified as either high or low on both scales, resulting in 4 separate groups. Using a 2x2x2 (RRSxTFEQCRxMood) design, it was hypothesized that the RRS would be a better predictor of disinhibited eating in the laboratory. Contrary to expectation, no significant differences in laboratory food consumption were found between groups. Evidence was provided, however, which suggests that individuals identified as restrained on the two scales do differ, and that the scales may be assessing different constructs. Screening subjects from one group were found to be more overweight than the others, while another group consisted of low to normal weight women who had endorsed questions indicating that they were currently engaged in efforts to lose weight. A growing number of studies with findings contrary to traditional restraint theory suggests that restraint may not be a homogeneous construct, and that restraint theory may be too narrow to account for the diversity encountered in dieting behavior. The current study offers some support for Lowe's (1993) recently developed three factor model of dieting behavior. First, when results were reinterpreted using this model, it was found that individuals hypothesized as having a history of frequent dieting and overeating showed a tendency to be more overweight. Second, in one group of individuals considered by Lowe to be current dieters, the dysphoric subjects consumed less food than did their nondysphoric counterparts. Although these differences were nonsignificant, they are similar to the findings of Eldredge (1993) which suggest that current dieters and restrained eaters may behave differently. Possibilities for future research involving measures of restraint and Lowe's three factor model are also presented. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
A 50-Mb/s CMOS QPSK/O-QPSK Transmitter Employing Injection Locking for Direct Modulation

A 50-Mb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)/offset quadrature phase-shift keying (O-QPSK) transmitter suitable for biomedical high-quality imaging application is presented. Centered at 915 MHz, the phase modulation is achieved by directly modifying the self-resonant frequency of an LC voltage-controlled oscillator through capacitor bank switching. By eliminating many unnecessary building blocks in the conventional QPSK/O-QPSK transmitter, significant power and area savings are achieved. Implemented in 0.18- μm CMOS technology, it occupies an active core area of 0.28 mm2. With 305-MHz injection frequency and consuming 5.6 mW under 1.4-V supply, the transmitter achieves error vector magnitude (EVM) of 11.4%/5.97% for O-QPSK/QPSK modulation while delivering output power of -3 dBm at 50 Mb/s. By lowering the injection frequency to 101.67 MHz, it consumes 5.88 mW under the same supply voltages while delivering an output power of -3.3 dBm. The transmitter achieves measured EVM of 6.4% at 50 Mb/s under QPSK modulation.
Convergence properties of the Yang-Mills flow on Kaehler surfaces

Let $E$ be a hermitian complex vector bundle over a compact K\"ahler surface $X$ with K\"ahler form $\omega$, and let $D$ be an integrable unitary connection on $E$ defining a holomorphic structure $D^{\prime\prime}$ on $E$. We prove that the Yang-Mills flow on $(X,\omega)$ with initial condition $D$ converges, in an appropriate sense which takes into account bubbling phenomena, to the double dual of the graded sheaf associated to the $\omega$-Harder-Narasimhan-Seshadri filtration of the holomorphic bundle $(E,D^{\prime\prime})$. This generalizes to K\"ahler surfaces the known result on Riemann surfaces and proves, in this case, a conjecture of Bando and Siu.
Mathematical methods for wireless channel estimation and equalization

Derzeit in Verwendung befindliche und zukuenftige drahtlose Kommunikationssysteme wie Mobile-WiMAX (IEEE~802.16e) oder WAVE (IEEE~802.11p) erfordern die zuverlaessige und schnelle Uebermittlung von Information ueber rasch veraenderliche drahtlose Uebertragungskanaele. Die Variabilitaet von Drahtloskanaelen beruht hauptsaechlich auf Mehrwegempfang und Dopplereffekt, wobei letzterer typischerweise durch Mobilitaet des Empfaengers bzw. des Senders verursacht wird. Um die Integritaet solcher Uebertragungen sicherstellen zu koennen, sind moeglichst genau Kanalschaetzung und -entzerrung ganz wesentlich. In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden die Probleme der Kanalschaetzung und Kanalentzerrung fuer Uebertragungen ueber rasch veraenderliche Drahtloskanaele (auf der Basis von OFDM-Systemen) behandelt. Ein drahtloser Uebertragungskanal wird als Pseudodifferentialoperator modelliert. Das Problem der Kanalschaetzung besteht in der naeherungsweisen Identifikation dieses Operators. Unter Entzerrung versteht man die naeherungsweise Bestimmung des gesendeten Signals aus dem empfangenen Signal und dem geschaetzten Drahtloskanal. In der Praxis wird der Pseudodifferentialoperator fuer Berechnungen mit diskreten Zeitsignalen naeherungsweise durch eine Matrix ersetzt, die so genannte Drahtloskanalmatrix. Im Zeitbereich repraesentiert die Drahtloskanalmatrix eine zeitabhaengige Faltung mit einem zeitabhaengigen Filter. Zur Modellierung schnell veraenderlicher Drahtloskanaele verwendet man Basisentwicklungsmodelle (BEM), wobei jeder zeitabhaengige Faltungsfilterkoeffizient als Linearkombination bestimmter asisfunktionen modelliert wird. Im Rahmen der BEM laeuft Kanalschaetzung auf die Berechnung der Entwicklungskoeffizienten fuer die Darstellung der zeitabhaengigen Filter hinaus. In dieser Dissertation werden neue Methoden der Kanalschaetzung im Rahmen von BEM vorgeschlagen. Die hiermit gewonnenen BEM-Koeffizienten werden darueberhinaus direkt fuer eine neue Methode der Entzerrung eingesetzt, welche ohne die Erzeugung der Kanalmatrix auskommt. Mit K OFDM-Teiltraegern und L diskreten Pfadverzoegerungen, d.h. L diskreten zeitabhaengigen Filterkoeffizienten, benoetigt die vorgeschlagene Methode zur Kanalschaetzung und Entzerrung O(L log L) und O(K \log K) Operationen bzw. O(L) und O(K)$ Speicher. Computersimulationen gemaess IEEE~802.16e-Standard bestaetigen die Ueberlegenheit der vorgeschlagenen Methode ueber herkoemmliche und zur Zeit in Verwendung befindliche Methoden in Bezug auf Leistung und Komplexitaet.
FUTURE GDP GROWTH IN SLOVENIA: LOOKING FOR ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT

In a companion paper we project that it may still take a long time before Slovenia catches up with the EU in terms of real GDP per capita (see Jongen (2004)). In this paper we consider where there is still room for improvement in terms of GDP growth over the coming period by comparing various indices for Slovenia with those for the EU-15, the 10 accession countries, and the US. There does appear to be some room for improvement regarding the participation of older workers, tertiary education and capital-intensity. However, most of this room is filled in the base projection of Jongen (2004). Subsequently, we examine how much of the difference in GDP per capita is left after controlling for the difference in labor participation, human capital and physical capital, using international growth accounting. We find that controlling for differences in these inputs the gap with the EU-15 actually increases (our calculations further suggest that the TFP gap with the EU-15 remained almost the same over the period 1990-2000! ). Although uncertainty about the quantity and quality of the inputs and the particular functional form of the production function may distort the picture, other factors do seem to play an important role in the gap to the EU-15 in GDP per capita. We consider some potential candidates next. We find that, relative to the EU-15, there is a gap in expenditures on (and perhaps quality of) research and development and the stock of inward foreign direct investment, both as a percentage of GDP. This may have hampered the exposure to technology in Slovenia. Furthermore, strict employment protection, explicit and implicit subsidies to unproductive firms and wage compression may have held back job and worker flows. This may hampered the adoption of technology in Slovenia. ∗CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) and Institute for Economic Research (IER). Address: Institute of Macroeconomic Development and Analysis (IMAD), Gregorciceva 27, SI1000 Ljubljana, phone +386-1-4781028, fax +386-1-4781070, e-mail: jongen@cpb.nl. I am grateful to Ivo Lavrač, Boris Majcen and Janez Šušteršič for comments and suggestions. Any remaining errors are my own. Opinions expressed in this paper are my own and do not necessarily coincide with the opinions of CPB or IER. All data, constructed series and graphs can be downloaded from www.gov. si
Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Control Intervention in Patients with Stroke: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Lin K-C, Chung H-Y, Wu C-Y, Liu H-L, Hsieh Y-W, Chen I-H, Chen C-L, Chuang L-L, Liu J-S, Wai Y-Y: Constraint-induced therapy versus control intervention in patients with stroke: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Objective:This study compared the effects of a distributed form of constraint-induced therapy with control intervention in motor recovery and brain reorganization after stroke. Design:A two-group randomized controlled trial with pretreatment and posttreatment measures was conducted. Thirteen patients with stroke were randomly assigned to the distributed form of constraint-induced therapy (n = 5) or the control intervention group (n = 8). Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Motor Activity Log, and functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. The number of activation voxels and laterality index were determined from the functional magnetic resonance imaging data for the study of brain reorganization. Results:The distributed form of constraint-induced therapy group exhibited significantly greater improvements in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Motor Activity Log than the control intervention group. The functional magnetic resonance imaging data showed that distributed form of constraint-induced therapy significantly increased activation in the contralesional hemisphere during movement of the affected and unaffected hand. The control intervention group showed a decrease in primary sensorimotor cortex activation of the ipsilesional hemisphere during movement of the affected hand. Conclusions:The preliminary findings indicate that brain adaptation may be modulated by specific rehabilitation practices, although generalization of the functional magnetic resonance imaging findings is limited by sample size. Further research is needed to identify the specific neural correlates of the behavioral gains achieved after rehabilitation therapies.
Implicit-Explicit Variational Integration of Highly Oscillatory Problems

In this paper, we derive a variational integrator for certain highly oscillatory problems in mechanics. To do this, we take a new approach to the splitting of fast and slow potential forces: rather than splitting these forces at the level of the differential equations or the Hamiltonian, we split the two potentials with respect to the Lagrangian action integral. By using a different quadrature rule to approximate the contribution of each potential to the action, we arrive at a geometric integrator that is implicit in the fast force and explicit in the slow force. This can allow for significantly longer time steps to be taken (compared to standard explicit methods, such as St\"ormer/Verlet) at the cost of only a linear solve rather than a full nonlinear solve. We also analyze the stability of this method, in particular proving that it eliminates the linear resonance instabilities that can arise with explicit multiple-time-stepping methods. Next, we perform some numerical experiments, studying the behavior of this integrator for two test problems: a system of coupled linear oscillators, for which we compare against the resonance behavior of the r-RESPA method; and slow energy exchange in the Fermi--Pasta--Ulam problem, which couples fast linear oscillators with slow nonlinear oscillators. Finally, we prove that this integrator accurately preserves the slow energy exchange between the fast oscillatory components, which explains the numerical behavior observed for the Fermi--Pasta--Ulam problem.
Spread, Depth, and Order Flow Patterns of Warrants and Their Underlying Stocks on the Stock Exchange of Thailand

This study compared the trading characteristics of warrants and their underlying stocks. The Stock Exchange of Thailand provided a good platform for comparing the trading characteristics of warrants and their underlying stocks because both these securities are traded in the same market venue and have identical trading rules. Hence, the impact of trading protocol on intraday variation and an informed trader's decision to buy warrants or stocks was controlled. The paper found that they have a similar downward sloping pattern of spreads, adverse selection component, and liquidity immediacy, U-shaped for volatility and trading volume, and upward-sloping for depth and market order ratio. After controlling for the intraday patterns, spreads are positively associated with liquidity immediacy and negatively related to the market order ratio and total depth. The results indicate that the market structure does affect the intraday pattern of trading characteristics.
Tests of Equal Forecast Accuracy for Overlapping Models

This paper examines the asymptotic and finite-sample properties of tests of equal forecast accuracy when the models being compared are overlapping in the sense of Vuong (1989). Two models are overlapping when the true model contains just a subset of variables common to the larger sets of variables included in the competing forecasting models. We consider an out-of-sample version of the two-step testing procedure recommended by Vuong but also show that an exact one-step procedure is sometimes applicable. When the models are overlapping, we provide a simple-to-use fixed regressor wild bootstrap that can be used to conduct valid inference. Monte Carlo simulations generally support the theoretical results: the two-step procedure is conservative while the one-step procedure can be accurately sized when appropriate. We conclude with an empirical application comparing the predictive content of credit spreads to growth in real stock prices for forecasting U.S. real GDP growth.
R & D and the Demand for Skill ed and Unskill ed L abor

This paper analyzes the impact of the skill composition of the working labor force on the innovative activity of firms when there is both an imperfect labor market and monopolistic competition on the product market. The labor market imperfections arise through a kind of insider outsider mechanism where in the bargaining round the union attaches a greater weight to the wage and employment interests of the low skilled workers. The effects of the bargaining policy are taken into account in the R&D decisions of the firms which are modelled within a single static framework generating structural equations for product innovation and process innovation R&D intensities. We estimate the model using a cross-section of 462 West-German manufacturing firms from the Mannheim Innovation Panel. The effect of R&D spillovers is estimated by spatial autoregressive model that is defined over a technology space. JEL-Classification: C31, L13, O31, O33
Morphology and topography of the parietal emissary foramina in South Indians: an anatomical study

The objectives of the present study were to study the prevalence of the parietal emissary vein in adult South Indian population and to study the distance of foramen from the sagittal suture. There were 58 adult human skulls in the present study which were available at the anatomy department of our institution. The study included 116 parietal bones which have been observed macroscopically for the number, prevalence and topography of the emissary foramen. The emissary foramen was present in 83 parietal bones (71.5%) of the present study. It was present at the junction between the middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 region of the parietal bone. The foramen was observed solitary in 73 parietal bones (62.9%), double in 8 bones (6.9%), and triple in 2 parietal bones (1.7%). The foramen was not observed in 33 parietal bones (28.4%). The bilateral absence of parietal emissary foramen was seen in 7 skulls (12.1%). It was absent unilaterally in 19 skulls (32.7%). The accessory foramina were seen in only 8 skulls (13.8%). The mean distance of the foramen from the sagittal suture was 6.7±2.9 mm and 6.8±2.8 mm on the right and left sides respectively. The prevalence of parietal emissary vein in the present study was 71.5%. The present study has observed important data about the morphology and morphometry of the parietal emissary vein in South Indian population. The identification of parietal emissary veins and accessory veins is important in the operation room to prevent the blood loss.