Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ views on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing for challenging disaffection

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests motivational interviewing (MI) is an effective intervention for supporting disaffected students. However, previous literature has failed to establish students’ views on MI. In the present study, three students took part in an individual MI intervention, delivered by three educational psychologists (EPs). Self-report measures of school-based motivation and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain student views, post-intervention and at three month follow-up. EP interview data were also used to contextualise findings from student interviews. Qualitative findings indicated that students were generally enthusiastic about the intervention and perceived some positive impact on behaviour. However, these views were not consistent with questionnaire responses and two of the pupils experienced exclusions around the time of the intervention. The implications of these ambiguous findings are discussed, in relation to contextual factors that are likely to have influenced the effectiveness of the interventions.
IL-10 Counteracts Proinflammatory Mediator Evoked Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells

Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in the development of intestinal damage in intestinal inflammatory diseases. Several molecules are involved in the intestinal inflammation, either as pro- or anti-inflammatory factors; however, their effects on intestinal oxidative stress seem to be controversial. This work analyzes the contribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules to the balance of oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells, as well as their effects on cellular antioxidant enzyme activity. With this purpose, the lipid and protein oxidation, together with the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, were determined in the Caco-2 cells treated with serotonin, adenosine, melatonin, and TNFα, as proinflammatory factors, and IL-10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The results have shown that all the proinflammatory factors assayed increased oxidative damage. In addition, these factors also inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the cells, except melatonin. In contrast, IL-10 did not alter these parameters but was able to reduce the prooxidant effects yielded by serotonin, adenosine, melatonin, or TNFα, in part by restoring the antioxidant enzymes activities. In summary, proinflammatory factors may induce oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells, whereas IL-10 seems to be able to restore the altered redox equilibrium in Caco-2 cells.
Check & Connect: An Investigation of Variables Influencing Social Validity and the Relation between Social Validity and Treatment Integrity

1 Chapter I: Statement of the Problem.2 Chapter II: Review of the Literature.11 Chapter III: Method.62 Chapter IV: Results.77 Chapter V: Discussion.83 References.98 Tables and Figures.119 Vita.130
Mechanism of Medullary Infarction Based on Arterial Territory Involvement

Background and Purpose The blood supply to the medulla oblongata is distinct from that of other areas of the brainstem, and thus the mechanism underlying medullary infarctions may be distinct. However, few studies have investigated this. Methods Of 3833 stroke patients who were on the stroke registry between February 1999 and April 2008, those with medullary infarctions demonstrated on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. We analyzed the topography, the involved arterial territories, and the etiologic mechanisms of the lesions. Results In total, 142 patients were enrolled in the study. Bilateral medullary infarctions were rare (2.2%). Lesions involving the anteromedial or lateral territories were common in the upper medulla oblongata, whereas lateral territorial involvements were common in the middle and lower regions of the medulla oblongata. Significant stenosis (>50%) or occlusion of the vertebral artery was common (52.2%). Among stroke subtypes, large-artery atherosclerosis was most common (34.5%), while lacunae and cardioembolism were rare (3.5% and 4.2%, respectively). Vertebral artery dissection was frequent. The stroke mechanisms differed with the involved vascular territories. Large-artery atherosclerosis produced lesions in the lateral, anteromedial, and posterior territories. None of the cardioembolisms or other etiologies involved anteromedial or anterolateral territories, but all involved the lateral and/or posterior territories. Lacunar infarction was found only in the anteromedial and anterolateral territories. Conclusions The topography and mechanisms of infarctions involving the medulla oblongata are different with the involved arterial territories. These findings may be associated with the distinct pattern of arterial supply to the medulla oblongata.
Algorithm 9xx: Sparse QR Factorization on the GPU

Sparse matrix factorization involves a mix of regular and irregular computation, which is a particular challenge when trying to obtain high-performance on the highly parallel general-purpose computing cores available on graphics processing units (GPUs). We present a sparse multifrontal QR factorization method that meets this challenge, and is signiﬁcantly faster than a highly optimized method on a multicore CPU. Our method factorizes many frontal matrices in parallel and keeps all the data transmitted between frontal matrices on the GPU. A novel bucket scheduler algorithm extends the communication-avoiding QR factorization for dense matrices, by exploiting more parallelism and by exploiting the staircase form present in the frontal matrices of a sparse multifrontal method.
Reviewing the Link between Creativity and Madness: A Postmodern Perspective.

Researchers on creativity and psychology have long been fascinated with the high incidence of psychotic behavior amongst geniuses and individuals of exceptional creativity. The aims of this paper are first, to review the existing findings for a better insight into the socio-contextual factors underpinning the mad genius conundrum, and secondly, to discuss how the development of postmodern thoughts and beliefs have influenced our perception and understanding of the emotional fabric of highly creative, though mentally-ill individuals. While one cannot ignore the substantial body of evidence in support of the relationship between genius and madness, it is likely that many of the factors inducing psychosis in geniuses are no different from those achieving the same effects in ordinary people. Furthermore, the unique features of post-modern times may have contributed to erasing the fine line between creativity and insanity, in ways that would not have been possible a century earlier. Keywords: Creativity, genius, madness, mental illness, psychotic behavior, postmodernism
IN A 20-KM-THICK CONDUCTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER BENEATH THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE , 14 ° – 16

This paper provides a summary of postcruise scientific results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 209 available to date, building upon shipboard observations and syntheses summarized in the Leg 209 Initial Results volume. During Leg 209, 19 holes were drilled at 8 sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 14°43′ to 15°44′N, mainly in residual mantle peridotite intruded by gabbroic rocks, in order to understand the tectonic and structural processes responsible for formation of oceanic lithosphere with abundant residual peridotite exposed on the seafloor coupled with a relatively low proportion of volcanic rocks. Based on proportions of recovered lithologies, the entire area may be underlain by mantle peridotite with ~20%–40% gabbroic intrusions and impregnations. Impregnated peridotites with olivine + two pyroxenes + plagioclase + spinel that apparently formed in equilibrium probably record crystallization from primitive mid-ocean-ridge basalt at pressures of 0.5–0.6 GPa. Metamorphic equilibria record isobaric cooling to ~1100°C at this pressure. Thus, the conductively cooled thermal boundary layer beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in this region is >15 km thick. Combined crystallization and reaction with residual peridotite formed a series of impregnated peridotites recording increasing Na content at nearly constant Mg#; this process could explain some of the variation in fractionation-corrected Na (e.g., Na = 8.0) observed in mid1Kelemen, P.B. , Kikawa, E. , Miller, D.J., and Shipboard Scientific Party, 2007. Leg 209 summary: processes in a 20km-thick conductive boundary layer beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 14°–16°N. In Kelemen, P.B. , Kikawa, E. , and Miller, D.J. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 209: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 1–33. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.209. 001.2007 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LamontDoherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades NY 10964, USA. peterk@ldeo.columbia. edu 3Deep Sea Research Department, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. 4Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA. 5Shipboard Scientific Party
Comparative Language Development in Bilingual and Monolingual Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

The prevalence of both bilingual children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing rapidly, and early childhood educators may be increasingly likely to encounter bilingual children with ASD in their classrooms. Because ASD significantly affects communication, many parents and professionals may have questions or concerns about the impact of bilingualism on language development in children with ASD. The present article presents a systematic review of the literature comparing monolingual to bilingual development in children with ASD. Seven articles were included, covering a wide variety of languages and involving predominantly young, simultaneously bilingual children with ASD. Results generally showed small, varied differences in both receptive and expressive language outcomes for bilingual and monolingual children with ASD, thus providing tentative support for the idea that bilingualism does not have a consistent or large negative effect on language development in children with ASD. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INTENTIONS TO LEAVE ACADEMIA: SOCIAL CONTROL, WORK AND FAMILY EXPLANATIONS

In this investigation, my goal is to identify patterns of gender differences in job-leaving among university faculty and to identify factors related to these differences. Previous descriptive investigations relying on institution specific samples have found gender differences in jobleaving using institution specific samples of faculty. I build on these previous studies by identifying gender differences in leave intentions from academia using a nationally representative sample of faculty. In addition, in contrast to previous studies, which mostly look at turnover and job-leave, in general, I divide leave intentions into turnover intentions (i.e., leaving current job for another job in academia) and attrition intentions (i.e., leaving academia altogether). Finally, using multinomial models, I investigate the extent to which social control, work, and family factors are related to gender differences in leave intentions. I find gender differences in leave intentions. Indeed, women are more likely than men to intend to turnover, and to intend to leave academia altogether. Furthermore, multinomial logit models show that social control factors and work factors largely account for gender differences in leave intentions. In part, findings show that gender differences in turnover intentions are largely due to social control factors, with differences in attrition intentions largely due to work factors. These findings indicate that the unfair treatment of women and the lower levels of resources women have on a variety of work factors result in women’s greater propensity to have leave intentions academia. Ultimately, it appears that informal processes as well as structurallevel factors both contribute to the greater strength of females leave intentions, relative to mens’. Acknowledgements Several faculty members contributed greatly to the completion of this project and to them I am grateful. To begin, I would like to thank Dr. Sarah Beth Estes, chairperson of my committee, for her continuous support and direction on this project. Over the course of this project she read many drafts and offered valuable recommendations. It was her continuous guidance that allowed me to complete this thesis. Next, I would like to thank Dr. David Maume for his thoughtful reviews and suggestions. His expertise and comments greatly improved the final product. I would also like to thank Dr. Daisy Quarm, my reader, for her insightful comments. I am also thankful to the Sociology Department and my fellow peers for their help and support. Finally, I would like to thank my husband, Chad, whose encouragement helped me through this process.
A step further in inter-institutional agreement in interpretation of dobutamine stress echocardiograms

methods may be employed. In general, several studies, including the one from Blanc and co-workers, have clearly shown that effective care delivery can be difficult, while a significant percentage of patients with syncope are still discharged from hospital without a diagnosis. Consequently, a cost-effective management of syncope should rely upon the implementation of specific clinical guidelines, such as those recently developed by the Task Force on Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology, in order to avoid erratic clinical behaviour. The effectiveness of an approach guided by clinical algorithms has already been shown in the recently published OESIL-2 study. In this multicentre trial a simplified two-step diagnostic algorithm was developed and implemented in nine community-based hospitals of the Lazio region of Italy, in order to improve the diagnostic performance of the practicing physicians, thereby reducing the number of undiagnosed cases. The systematic implementation of such a simple diagnostic strategy resulted in a striking reduction of undiagnosed cases (the percentage of undiagnosed patients decreased from about 50% to 17·5%). Further studies are needed to define which specific clinical approach may be effective in reducing the number of syncope patients remaining undiagnosed despite an appropriate work-up. M. SANTINI F. COLIVICCHI Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, ‘S. Filippo Neri’ Hospital, Rome, Italy References
Accounting Information System of Tunisian SMEs: Complexity, Determinants and Impact on Financial Performance

This research is twofold. The first is to identify potential determinants of Accounting Information System (AIS) characteristics for Small and Medium Entreprises (SMEs). The second is to prove whether an AIS, whose characteristics meet the needs of SMEs and their managers, is associated with increased financial performance of these companies. The analysis of data collected by questionnaires administered through direct interviews with 107 Tunisian SMEs belonging to different sectors reveals mainly that 1) the complexity of the AIS is associated with factors related both to structural and behavioral contingency and 2) increasing the complexity of the AIC is negatively and significantly related to financial performance.
Aspirin for Prevention of Preeclampsia in Lupus Pregnancy

Preeclampsia, the onset of hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy, is a common medical disorder with high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The underlying pathology remains poorly understood and includes inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and an unbalanced thromboxane A2/prostacyclin ratio. For women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly those with preexisting renal disease or with active lupus, the risk of developing preeclampsia is up to 14% higher than it is among healthy individuals. The mechanism is still unknown and the data for preventing preeclampsia in lupus pregnancies are rare. Modulating the impaired thromboxane A2/prostacyclin ratio by administration of low-dose aspirin appears to be the current best option for the prevention of preeclampsia. After providing an overview of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, preeclampsia in lupus pregnancies, and previous trials for prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin treatment, we recommend low-dose aspirin administration for all lupus patients starting prior to 16 weeks of gestation. Patients with SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome should receive treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin during pregnancy.
Prolongation of QTc Interval after Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Treatment by Droperidol or Ondansetron

Background:At dosages above 0.1 mg/kg, droperidol inducesa dose-dependent QTc interval prolongation. Although subject to controversy, low-dose droperidol has recently been suspected to induce cardiac arrhythmias. Hence, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 antagonists have become the first-line drug for management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. These drugs are also known to prolong the QTc interval at high dosages. This study describes QTc interval changes associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting treatment by droperidol or ondansetron at low doses. Methods:Eighty-five patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting were included in this prospective, single-blind study. Patients received either 0.75 mg intravenous droperidol (n = 43) or 4 mg intravenous ondansetron (n = 42). Electrocardiographic recordings were obtained before administration of antiemetic drug and then 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after. Electrocardiographic monitoring was maintained for 3 h in eight patients in each group. Results:The QTc interval was prolonged (> 450 ms in men, > 470 ms in women) in 21% of the patients before antiemetic drug administration. This was significantly correlated with lower body temperature and longer duration of anesthesia. Compared with predrug QTc measurement, both antiemetics were associated with a significant QTc interval prolongation (P < 0.0001). The mean maximal QTc interval prolongation was 17 ± 9 ms after droperidol occurring at the second minute and 20 ± 13 ms after ondansetron at the third minute (both P < 0.0001). Compared with predrug measurement, the QTc interval was significantly lower after the 90th minute in both groups. Conclusions:Droperidol and ondansetron induced similar clinically relevant QTc interval prolongations. When used in treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a situation where prolongation of the QTc interval seems to occur, the safety of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 antagonists may not be superior to that of low-dose droperidol.
Die Bedeutung der Entwicklung metakognitiver Kontrolle der mentalen Repräsentanzen für die Betreuung und das Wachstum des Kindes

Der Autor steht der von John Bowlby begrundeten Bindungsforschung nahe und stellt Ergebnisse seiner im Rahmen des Londoner Eltern-Kind-Projektes durchgefuhrten empirischen Langzeituntersuchung zur Entwicklung des Bindungsvermogens von Kindern vor. Anhand von Erwachsenen-Bindungsinterviews und der Untersuchungsmethode »Fremde Situation« sowie verschiedener anderer Tests wird die Herausbildung der inneren Arbeitsmodelle untersucht und der Frage der intergenerationellen Transmission mentaler Bindungsreprasentanzen nachgegangen. Fonagy hebt in der Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse die zentrale Bedeutung metakognitiver, selbstreflexiver Fahigkeiten der Bezugsperson hervor, die das Kind als ein mentales, mentalisierendes, wunschendes Selbst reprasentiert. Das Kind fuhlt sich sicher gebunden, kann uber die Identifikation mit seinem Containing-Objekt eigene metakognitive Fahigkeiten entwickeln und sich als denkendes Selbst begreifen.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use in Korean Elders

Background: This study examined hearing loss prevalence and hearing aid usage rates among Korean elders by comparing the differences between those with and without hearing loss, and between those who used and did not use hearing aids. Methods: This study was based on data collected during the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012). The study sample consisted of 5,447 Koreans aged ≥60 years who received a hearing assessment. Hearing loss was measured using a pure tone audiometry test and classified according to the World Health Organization’s criteria. Hearing aid use was assessed by self-report. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between hearing loss, hearing aid use, and related variables. Results: Hearing loss was found in 16.8% of the elders and only 15.9% of them used a hearing aid. Male (95% CI: 1.27–2.15), tinnitus (95% CI: 1.58–2.32), dizziness (95% CI: 1.05–1.73), and occupational noise exposure (95% CI: 1.32–2.38) were the variables most strongly associated with hearing loss after multivariate adjustment. Tinnitus (95% CI: 1.34–4.13) and occupational noise exposure (95% CI: 1.01–5.02) were strongly associated with hearing aid use after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion: More than half of South Korean elders aged ≥60 and older have hearing loss but the rate of hearing aid use is very low. An aural public health program should address modifiable risk factors, such as tinnitus and noise exposure, and non-modifiable risk factors associated with hearing loss in the elderly.
Curcuminoid Binding to Embryonal Carcinoma Cells: Reductive Metabolism, Induction of Apoptosis, Senescence, and Inhibition of Cell Proliferation

Curcumin preparations typically contain a mixture of polyphenols, collectively referred to as curcuminoids. In addition to the primary component curcumin, they also contain smaller amounts of the co-extracted derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcuminoids can be differentially solubilized in serum, which allows for the systematic analysis of concentration-dependent cellular binding, biological effects, and metabolism. Technical grade curcumin was solubilized in fetal calf serum by two alternative methods yielding saturated preparations containing either predominantly curcumin (60%) or bisdemethoxycurcumin (55%). Continual exposure of NT2/D1 cells for 4–6 days to either preparation in cell culture media reduced cell division (1–5 µM), induced senescence (6–7 µM) or comprehensive cell death (8–10 µM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Some of these effects could also be elicited in cells transiently exposed to higher concentrations of curcuminoids (47 µM) for 0.5–4 h. Curcuminoids induced apoptosis by generalized activation of caspases but without nucleosomal fragmentation. The equilibrium binding of serum-solubilized curcuminoids to NT2/D1 cells incubated with increasing amounts of curcuminoid-saturated serum occurred with apparent overall dissociation constants in the 6–10 µM range. However, the presence of excess free serum decreased cellular binding in a hyperbolic manner. Cellular binding was overwhelmingly associated with membrane fractions and bound curcuminoids were metabolized in NT2/D1 cells via a previously unidentified reduction pathway. Both the binding affinities for curcuminoids and their reductive metabolic pathways varied in other cell lines. These results suggest that curcuminoids interact with cellular binding sites, thereby activating signal transduction pathways that initiate a variety of biological responses. The dose-dependent effects of these responses further imply that distinct cellular pathways are sequentially activated and that this activation is dependent on the affinity of curcuminoids for the respective binding sites. Defined serum-solubilized curcuminoids used in cell culture media are thus suitable for further investigating the differential activation of signal transduction pathways.