Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unveiling neural coupling within the sensorimotor system: directionality and nonlinearity

Neural coupling between the central nervous system and the periphery is essential for the neural control of movement. Corticomuscular coherence is a popular linear technique to assess synchronised oscillatory activity in the sensorimotor system. This oscillatory coupling originates from ascending somatosensory feedback and descending motor commands. However, corticomuscular coherence cannot separate this bidirectionality. Furthermore, the sensorimotor system is nonlinear, resulting in cross‐frequency coupling. Cross‐frequency oscillations cannot be assessed nor exploited by linear measures. Here, we emphasise the need of novel coupling measures, which provide directionality and acknowledge nonlinearity, to unveil neural coupling in the sensorimotor system. We highlight recent advances in the field and argue that assessing directionality and nonlinearity of neural coupling will break new ground in the study of the control of movement in healthy and neurologically impaired individuals.
Using Video Scalability for Designing Safe Multimedia Transactions

In this paper we address video-on-demand (VOD) scenarios. Initially, we discuss how previous results on the unsuitability of the current adopted business model for the e-commerce of digital items affects VOD services. Then, we propose a reversible degradation method in order to address the lack of an accurate item validation step in current e-commerce implementations, thus providing robustness against mistaken purchases, the proposed method exploits the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC standard. Finally, we illustrate how the proposed validation method can be used as a component for fair exchange protocol design, with the purpose of enabling unambiguous dispute resolution for unsatisfied buyers.
Inferring Dynamic Genetic Networks with Low Order Independencies

In this paper, we introduce a novel inference method for dynamic genetic networks which makes it possible to face a number of time measurements n that is much smaller than the number of genes p. The approach is based on the concept of a low order conditional dependence graph that we extend here in the case of dynamic Bayesian networks. Most of our results are based on the theory of graphical models associated with the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). In this way, we define a minimal DAG G which describes exactly the full order conditional dependencies given in the past of the process. Then, to face with the large p and small n estimation case, we propose to approximate DAG G by considering low order conditional independencies. We introduce partial qth order conditional dependence DAGs G(q) and analyze their probabilistic properties. In general, DAGs G(q) differ from DAG G but still reflect relevant dependence facts for sparse networks such as genetic networks. By using this approximation, we set out a non-Bayesian inference method and demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on both simulated and real data analysis. The inference procedure is implemented in the R package 'G1DBN' freely available from the R archive (CRAN).
TERT suppresses apoptotis at a premitochondrial step by a mechanism requiring reverse transcriptase activity and 14‐3‐3 protein binding ability

The catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT) is a reverse transcriptase (RT) that adds a six‐base DNA repeat onto chromosome ends and prevents their shortening during successive cell divisions. Telomerase is associated with cell immortality and cancer, which may by related to the ability of TERT to prevent apoptosis by stabilizing telomeres. However, fundamental information concerning the antiapoptotic function of TERT is lacking, including whether RT activity and/or nuclear localization are required and where telomerase acts to suppress the cell death process. Here, we show that overexpression of wild‐type human TERT in HeLa cells, and in a cells lacking TERT but containing the telomerase RNA template, increases their resistance to apoptosis induced by the DNA damaging agent etoposide or the bacterial alkaloid staurosporine. In contrast, TERT mutants with disruptions of either the RT domain or a 14‐3‐3 binding domain fail to protect cells against apoptosis, and overexpression of TERT in cells lacking the telomerase RNA template is also ineffective in preventing apoptosis. Additional findings show that TERT suppresses apoptosis at an early step before release of cytochrome c and apoptosis‐inducing factor from mitochondria. We conclude that both RT activity and 14‐3‐3 protein binding ability are required for the antiapoptotic function of TERT in tumor cells and that TERT can suppress a nuclear signal(s) that is an essential component of apoptotic cascades triggered by diverse stimuli.
Collapse Theory

In this project, we would go through the basic of the collapse theory (the Dynamical Reduction Models) which is a possible solution to solve the measurement problem in Quantum Mechanics and a theory to somehow bridge the micro and macroscopic world (as nowadays the microscopic world is described by QM and the macro one is described by classical physics, and do not have a satisfactory theory to connect two of them yet). We would see the overall effect of the collapse model on Quantum Mechanics by designing a simple Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Experiment. Through this experiment, we would indicate a possible way to design a real experiment to test the important parameters in the collapse model and so as the collapse model itself.
Robustness of RED in Mitigating LDoS Attack

The Random Early Detection algorithm is widely used in the queue management mechanism of the router. We find that the parameters of the RED algorithm have a significant influence on the defense performance of the random early detection algorithm and discuss the robust of the algorithm in mitigating Low-rate Denial-of-Service attack in details. Simulation results show that the defense performance can be effectively improved by adjusting the parameters of Q min andQ max . Some suggestions are given for mitigating the LDoS attack at the end of this paper.
Affect and the Brain's Functional Organization: A Resting-State Connectivity Approach

The question of how affective processing is organized in the brain is still a matter of controversial discussions. Based on previous initial evidence, several suggestions have been put forward regarding the involved brain areas: (a) right-lateralized dominance in emotional processing, (b) hemispheric dominance according to positive or negative valence, (c) one network for all emotional processing and (d) region-specific discrete emotion matching. We examined these hypotheses by investigating intrinsic functional connectivity patterns that covary with results of the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) from 65 participants. This approach has the advantage of being able to test connectivity rather than activation, and not requiring a potentially confounding task. Voxelwise functional connectivity from 200 regions-of-interest covering the whole brain was assessed. Positive and negative affect covaried with functional connectivity involving a shared set of regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate, the visual cortex and the cerebellum. In addition, each affective domain had unique connectivity patterns, and the lateralization index showed a right hemispheric dominance for negative affect. Therefore, our results suggest a predominantly right-hemispheric network with affect-specific elements as the underlying organization of emotional processes.
Mood as Input: People Have to Interpret the Motivational Implications of Their Moods Moods and Processing

It was hypothesized that moods have few, if any, motivational or processing implications, but are input to other processes that determine their motivational implications. In Experiment 1, Ss read a series of behaviors in forming an impression. When told to read the behaviors until they felt they had enough information, those in positive moods (PMs) stopped sooner than did those in negative moods (NMs). When told to stop when they no longer enjoyed reading the behaviors, NMs stopped sooner than PMs. In Experiment 2, Ss generated a list of birds from memory. When told to stop when either they thought it was a good time to stop or they simply felt like stopping, PMs stopped sooner than NMs. When told to stop when they no longer enjoyed the task, NMs stopped sooner than PMs. The findings extend work by others (e. Have you ever had to do something, but simply not felt like doing it? Perhaps you were just not in the mood. In two experiments , we explored the processes by which people's moods motivate their behavior and their cognitive processing. Most of the recent work on the motivating effects of moods has been centered on the role of moods in determining the kind of cognitive processing in which people engage (for a review, see (1990), for example, presented subjects who were in either positive or negative moods with either strong or weak persuasive messages. They found that subjects in positive moods were equally persuaded by the weak as by the strong messages, whereas subjects in negative moods were persuaded more by the strong than the weak messages. Bless et al. took these results as evidence that people in positive moods process information heuristically, whereas people in negative moods process information systematically. Conceptually related results have been obtained by others (e. Several explanations of these kinds of effects have been forwarded. Bless et al. (1990; Schwarz & Bless, 1991) argued that people try to eliminate negative moods and the situations that brought them about, but try to maintain positive moods and the situations that brought them about (Clark & Isen, 1982). Success in an avoidance situation entails the avoidance of all possible links to the undesired outcome, whereas success in an approach situation can result from obtaining even one path to the desired outcome. This means that success in an avoidance situation may necessitate a more elaborate processing style …
Investigating the basis of substrate recognition in the pC221 relaxosome

The nicking of the origin of transfer (oriT) is an essential initial step in the conjugative mobilization of plasmid DNA. In the case of staphylococcal plasmid pC221, nicking by the plasmid‐specific MobA relaxase is facilitated by the DNA‐binding accessory protein MobC; however, the role of MobC in this process is currently unknown. In this study, the site of MobC binding was determined by DNase I footprinting. MobC interacts with oriT DNA at two directly repeated 9 bp sequences, mcb1 and mcb2, upstream of the oriT nic site, and additionally at a third, degenerate repeat within the mobC gene, mcb3. The binding activity of the conserved sequences was confirmed indirectly by competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays and directly by Surface Plasmon Resonance studies. Mutation at mcb2 abolished detectable nicking activity, suggesting that binding of this site by MobC is a prerequisite for nicking by MobA. Sequential site‐directed mutagenesis of each binding site in pC221 has demonstrated that all three are required for mobilization. The MobA relaxase, while unable to bind to oriT DNA alone, was found to associate with a MobC–oriT complex and alter the MobC binding profile in a region between mcb2 and the nic site. Mutagenesis of oriT in this region defines a 7 bp sequence, sra, which was essential for nicking by MobA. Exchange of four divergent bases between the sra of pC221 and the related plasmid pC223 was sufficient to swap their substrate identity in a MobA‐specific nicking assay. Based on these observations we propose a model of layered specificity in the assembly of pC221‐family relaxosomes, whereby a common MobC:mcb complex presents the oriT substrate, which is then nicked only by the cognate MobA.
Modulation of learning and hippocampal, neuronal plasticity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

The influence of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on learning process in mice and on neuronal excitability of the hippocampal tissue obtained from stimulated animals were investigated. While the stimulation with rTMS at higher frequency (15 Hz) improved animals' performance in novel object recognition test (NOR), lower frequency (1 and 8 Hz) impaired the memory. The effect was observed when evaluated immediately after rTMS exposure and declined with time. In parallel to the results of behavioral test, there was a significant enhancement of the synaptic efficiency expressed as of the long‐term potentiation (LTP) recorded from hippocampal slices prepared from the animals exposed to 15 Hz rTMS. The stimulation with 1 and 8 Hz had no influence on the magnitude of LTP. Our results demonstrate that rTMS modifies mechanisms involved in memory formation. The effects of rTMS in vivo are preserved and expressed in the hippocampus tested in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 27:288–294, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma Immunohistochemical Profile and Lack of EBV Association

The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) remains unresolved. Reports of EBV-positivity in SNUC may reflect inclusion of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas within this group. In addition, SNUC have been incompletely characterized immunohistochemically, and their undifferentiated appearance often requires such ancillary studies to aid in their distinction from other high-grade neoplasms. To address these two issues, 25 cases of SNUC diagnosed between the years 1983 and 1999 were selected from our files. EBER in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue by using Hlabeled EBER-1 RNA probes. Neoplasms with sufficient tissue (22 of 25) were evaluated immunohistochemically for Ki-67, p53, chromogranin, synaptophysin, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), CD99, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1). The median patient age was 58 years (range, 20–81 years), with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. The most common tumor location was the nasal cavity (18 cases), followed by the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Median survival was 18 months. All 25 tumors were negative for EBER-1 by ISH. Ki-67 was negative in one case, 1+ in nine, 2+ in six, 3+ in five, and 4+ in one. P53 was negative in nine, 1+ in five, 2+ in two, 3+ in none, and 4+ in six. CD99 expression was strongly positive in 3 of 22 (14%) and completely negative in the remainder. Variably intense focal staining for EMA was present in 4 of 22 (18%). NSE faintly stained 4 of 22 (18%). Chromogranin, synaptophysin, PLAP, CEA, and LMP-1 were negative (0 of 22). Our results suggest that EBV does not play a role in the development of SNUC. Strict histologic criteria are necessary to avoid confusion with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma or other highgrade malignancies in this region. The finding of occasional CD99-positive cases adds SNUC to the growing list of CD99positive neoplasms.
An analytical model for the IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed coordination function

The IEEE 802.11e protocol is designed to enhance the QoS capability of wireless local area networks (WLAN). In this paper, we propose a three dimensional Markov chain model for the 802.11e enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF) mode and compute the maximum sustainable throughput and service delay distribution for each priority class when under heavy load. This provides an analytical approach to pick the parameter values associated with EDCF to meet the QoS requirements of each priority. This is accomplished by modeling the performance impact of all the major QoS-specific features (i.e. CWMin, CWMax, AIFS, internal collision resolution) of the 802.11e EDCF mode.
The impact of two changes in service delivery on a geriatric psychiatry liaison service

The impact of two changes in service delivery (alteration in the admission policy of the medical unit and the introduction of a formal liaison component to a ‘consultation only’ liaison geriatric psychiatry service) on the associated liaison geriatric psychiatry service was examined in a naturalistic study. The main null hypothesis was that the referral rate would not be influenced by either change in service delivery.
Novel surface expression of reticulocalbin 1 on bone endothelial cells and human prostate cancer cells is regulated by TNF‐α

An unbiased cDNA expression phage library derived from bone‐marrow endothelial cells was used to identify novel surface adhesion molecules that might participate in metastasis. Herein we report that reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) is a cell surface‐associated protein on both endothelial (EC) and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. RCN1 is an H/KDEL protein with six EF‐hand, calcium‐binding motifs, found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data indicate that RCN1 also is expressed on the cell surface of several endothelial cell lines, including human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs), bone marrow endothelial cells (BMEC), and transformed human bone marrow endothelial cells (TrHBMEC). While RCN1 protein levels were highest in lysates from HDMVEC, this difference was not statistically significant compared BMEC and TrHBMEC. Given preferential adhesion of PCa to bone‐marrow EC, these data suggest that RCN1 is unlikely to account for the preferential metastasis of PCa to bone. In addition, there was not a statistically significant difference in total RCN1 protein expression among the PCa cell lines. RCN1 also was expressed on the surface of several PCa cell lines, including those of the LNCaP human PCa progression model and the highly metastatic PC‐3 cell line. Interestingly, RCN1 expression on the cell surface was upregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment of bone‐marrow endothelial cells. Taken together, we show cell surface localization of RCN1 that has not been described previously for either PCa or BMEC and that the surface expression on BMEC is regulated by pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 2298–2309, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tikhonov Regularization by a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space for the Cauchy Problem for an Elliptic Equation

We propose a discretized Tikhonov regularization for a Cauchy problem for an elliptic equation by a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We prove the convergence of discretized regularized solutions to an exact solution. Our numerical results demonstrate that our method can stably reconstruct solutions to the Cauchy problems even in severe cases of geometric configurations.
Cognitive, Emotive, and Cognitive-Behavioral Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong

Utilizing Daniel Goleman's theory of emotional competence, Beck's cognitive theory, and Rudd's cognitive-behavioral theory of suicidality, the relationships between hopelessness (cognitive component), social problem solving (cognitive-behavioral component), emotional competence (emotive component), and adolescent suicidal ideation were examined. Based on the responses of 5,557 Secondary 1 to Secondary 4 students from 42 secondary schools in Hong Kong, results showed that suicidal ideation was positively related to adolescent hopelessness, but negatively related to emotional competence and social problem solving. While standard regression analyses showed that all the above variables were significant predictors of suicidal ideation, hierarchical regression analyses showed that hopelessness was the most important predictor of suicidal ideation, followed by social problem solving and emotional competence. Further regression analyses found that all four subscales of emotional competence, i.e., empathy, social skills, self-management of emotions, and utilization of emotions, were important predictors of male adolescent suicidal ideation. However, the subscale of social skills was not a significant predictor of female adolescent suicidal ideation. Standard regression analysis also revealed that all three subscales of social problem solving, i.e., negative problem orientation, rational problem solving, and impulsiveness/carelessness style, were important predictors of suicidal ideation. Theoretical and practice implications of the findings are discussed.
Multidimensional Poverty and Child Survival in India

Background Though the concept of multidimensional poverty has been acknowledged cutting across the disciplines (among economists, public health professionals, development thinkers, social scientists, policy makers and international organizations) and included in the development agenda, its measurement and application are still limited. Objectives and Methodology Using unit data from the National Family and Health Survey 3, India, this paper measures poverty in multidimensional space and examine the linkages of multidimensional poverty with child survival. The multidimensional poverty is measured in the dimension of knowledge, health and wealth and the child survival is measured with respect to infant mortality and under-five mortality. Descriptive statistics, principal component analyses and the life table methods are used in the analyses. Results The estimates of multidimensional poverty are robust and the inter-state differentials are large. While infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rate are disproportionately higher among the abject poor compared to the non-poor, there are no significant differences in child survival among educationally, economically and health poor at the national level. State pattern in child survival among the education, economical and health poor are mixed. Conclusion Use of multidimensional poverty measures help to identify abject poor who are unlikely to come out of poverty trap. The child survival is significantly lower among abject poor compared to moderate poor and non-poor. We urge to popularize the concept of multiple deprivations in research and program so as to reduce poverty and inequality in the population.
Temporal release pattern of copeptin and troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and spontaneous acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND The release pattern of copeptin during the initial 36 h of spontaneous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has received relatively little investigation but may provide important information on optimal timing of diagnostic measurements. METHODS We investigated the release pattern of copeptin and cardiac troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Blood samples were collected in the ambulance, at admission, and after 2, 4, 6, and 12-36 h. Copeptin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured in heparin plasma samples. RESULTS Of 93 patients studied, 37 (39.8%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 20 (21.5%) non-STEMI, 20 (21.5%) unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 16 (17.2%) non-ACS diagnoses. Peak copeptin concentrations were detected during ambulance transport for NSTEMI patients [median 94.0 pmol/L, interquartile range (IQR) 53.3-302.1 pmol/L] and at admission for patients with STEMI (70.0 pmol/L, 22.0-144.8 pmol/L). In patients with AMI, copeptin decreased significantly over time (P < 0.0001). This was true for patients with STEMI (P = 0.005) and non-STEMI (P = 0.021). The diagnostic performance during ambulance transport was similar for hs-cTnT (area under the ROC curve 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.88) and copeptin (0.81, 0.69-0.92). In early presenters (n = 52), no patient with AMI was initially (in ambulance or at admission) negative for copeptin, resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.963 for ambulance values and a negative predictive value of 100%. In late presenters, the negative predictive value of copeptin was 50% in ambulance and at admission. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis is the first to show a consistent early increase in copeptin at first medical contact in the ambulance and a decrease to routine values within 12-36 h in patients presenting early with spontaneous AMI.