Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms.
A structured exercise for stimulating cross‐cultural sensitivity

Illustrates the utility of a structured exercise using Cushner’s (1986) Inventory of Cross‐Cultural Sensitivity (ICCS) along with supplementary questions in stimulating participants to critically reflect upon their own views, in promoting group discussion on cross‐cultural attitudes and beliefs, and in energizing participants to work towards greater cross‐cultural sensitivity. The overall goal of this procedure was to encourage participants to reflect upon their own views and then work towards a greater valuing of cultural diversity partly as one component of their own strategic career development given the increasing cultural diversity in workplaces round the world. The findings from 211 management undergraduates, that is, “professionals‐in‐training” illustrate the usefulness of this approach and recommendations are presented for future use in training and career development.
Do They Bother? Employer Training of Temporary Workers

Using the backdrop of an economy emerging from a decade of restructuring and on the brink of the longest expansion on record, this paper is an exploratory work that examines employer-provided training to temporary workers and the characteristics of firms associated with that training. The focus is on the training of two types of temporary workers: intermediated workers employed by temporary agencies and working for other firms and "in-house" temporary workers who are employed by the firm for which they are working. Results indicate that factors associated with the training of regular or standard employees differ from those factors associated with the training of temporaries. Further, factors associated with the training of the two types of temporary workers differ.
An Automated ECG Beat Classification System Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Classification of Electrocardiogram (ECG) plays an important role in clinical diagnosis of cardiac diseases. In this paper, we introduce an ECG beat classification system using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The proposed model integrates two main parts, feature extraction and classification, of ECG pattern recognition system. This model automatically learns a suitable feature representation from raw ECG data and thus negates the need of hand-crafted features. By using a small and patient-specific training data, the proposed classification system efficiently classified ECG beats into five different classes recommended by Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). ECG signal from 44 recordings of the MIT-BIH database are used to evaluate the classification performance and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a significant classification accuracy and superior computational efficiency than most of the state-of-the-art methods for ECG signal classification.
Eustress, distress, and interpretation in occupational stress

We examine the concepts of stress, distress, and eustress and develop three tenets that are used to relate these concepts to three major theories or models of occupational stress. Selye's concept of eustress or “good stress” appears to be largely ignored in the literature, while the Yerkes Dodson Law is illustrated as a model for management practice. We suggest that the meaning assigned to the word stress has shifted from Selye's original formulation, and that this shift, in conjunction with the use of the Yerkes Dodson Law leads to inappropriate management of stress in organizations. We conclude that the concept that some stress is good and enhances performance should be rejected in favour of more useful and accurate concepts.
Perception of learning culture and concerns about the innovation on its use: a question of level of analysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational members' perception of learning culture and the concerns about the innovation, and the influence of these factors on the use of one innovation (ISO 9000) in the Malaysian public sector. This study was guided by the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) (Hall and Hord 1987) and the dimensions of the learning organization (Watkins and Marsick 1993, 1996b). The study involved 628 people from eleven government agencies that had been using the new system for at least a year. The study provided a model for operationalizing the assertions and theories of both organizational development and learning organization scholars especially that a more adaptive learning-oriented culture would facilitate the implementation of change. The examination of learning culture facilitated the understanding of how members within the organization perceived their learning culture, and subsequently its relationship to their use of the innovation. The analysis of concerns illustrated the fit between the innovation and feelings and perceptions of the individual members about the innovation. On an individual organizational basis, the regression analyses showed that the model was able to explain the variance in use of innovation in each organization. However, a comparison of regression weights across the organizations told a very different story. The results showed that the combination of variables that explained the use of innovation varied radically from organization to organization. The findings raised questions about appropriate levels of analyses for such studies. The study suggests that theories that try to explain organizational innovation implementation be tested across organizations and take into account organizational context. Otherwise, they could lead to inaccurate conclusions.
The Unbearable Whiteness of Being: Misrecognition, Pleasure, and White Identityin Kipling's Kim

With the title character in Kim (1901), Rudyard Kipling creatively articulates a unique and durable ideal of (specifically white) racial identity, which can best be understood through the conceptual lens of Lacanian misrecognition. Within Kipling's formulation of whiteness, the process of misrecognition becomes a source of intense pleasure rather than anxiety. To be white as Kim is white requires the ecstatic embrace of the fracture inherent in any act of identification. Kipling constructs an ideal of white identity that is based on extracting pleasure from the ontological inconsistency of the (racial) self. This ideal is fundamentally performative and, at the same time, profoundly racist, for within Kipling's India only whites can engage in this process, while all ethnic others are confined within their essential Indian being. Kim therefore demonstrates that complex notions of performativity have been utilized within imperial discourse to reinforce racial hierarchy.
A friendly gesture: Investigating the effect of multimodal robot behavior in human-robot interaction

Gesture is an important feature of social interaction, frequently used by human speakers to illustrate what speech alone cannot provide, e.g. to convey referential, spatial or iconic information. Accordingly, humanoid robots that are intended to engage in natural human-robot interaction should produce speech-accompanying gestures for comprehensible and believable behavior. But how does a robot's non-verbal behavior influence human evaluation of communication quality and the robot itself? To address this research question we conducted two experimental studies. Using the Honda humanoid robot we investigated how humans perceive various gestural patterns performed by the robot as they interact in a situational context. Our findings suggest that the robot is evaluated more positively when non-verbal behaviors such as hand and arm gestures are displayed along with speech. These findings were found to be enhanced when the participants were explicitly requested to direct their attention towards the robot during the interaction.
Reversibility by temporal-lobe resection of the behavioral abnormalities of temporal-lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Aggression and psychosis were frequent preoperative complications in over 250 patients with temporal-lobe epilepsy who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy. Pathological findings in the resected specimens, which included the hippocampus and the lateral amygdala, were mesial temporal sclerosis in about 1/2, hamartomas in 1/4, miscellaneous lesions such as scars and infarcts in 1/10, and nonspecific lesions in the remainder. Follow-up evaluations after six to 20 years were carried out independently by psychiatrists. In a series of 100 patients, 27 had aggression, which was relieved most often after operation in patients who had mesial temporal sclerosis (seven of 13). In the first 100 patients psychosis complicated long standing temporal-lobe epilepsy due to many substrates in 12 cases and was benefited by operation in seven. When a schizophrenia-like state supervenes, the substrate is likely to be a hamartoma. In patients with schizophrenia, operation relieved epilepsy, but the psychosis persis.
Agitation and despair in relation to parents: activating emotional suffering in transference

Affect and motivation are known to arise in the social‐cognitive process transference, which occurs when a new person minimally resembles a significant other, implicitly activating the mental representation of this significant other (Andersen, Reznik, & Manzella, 1996) and indirectly, the relational self (i.e. Andersen & Chen, 2002). Triggering the significant‐other representation should also indirectly activate any self‐discrepancy held from this other's perspective, resulting in shifts in discrete affect and self‐regulation. Participants (n = 110; 34 men, 76 women) with an actual‐ideal or actual‐ought self‐discrepancy from their parent's perspective (Higgins, 1987) learned about a new person who did or did not minimally resemble this parent. As predicted, this evoked positive evaluation of the new person, that is, a positive transference, and yet, as a function of self‐discrepancy, also increased discrete negative mood with ideal‐discrepant individuals becoming more dejected and ought‐discrepant individuals more hostile and less calm. Self‐regulatory focus shifted as well in terms of motivation to avoid emotional closeness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LOCAL BETWEENNESS 2 . 1 Using Short Shortest Paths

ABSTRACT The betweenness centrality measure has been widely used for detecting community structure in networks, in parti cular in the “GN” algorithm due to Girvan and Newman. This suffe rs from low speed because the betweenness measure is comput ed from the entire network, and it has been largely supplanted by faster algorithms that can detect community structure usin g more local methods in place of betweenness. In contrast, we pr opose an algorithm (a variant of GN) based on a local form of betweenness, which yields good results and is much faster. The a lgorithm can be used with a single parameter: the average diamet er of the communities to be found. It is especially effective n detecting small-diameter communities in large networks, with a time complexity of only O( n log n) for sparse networks.
DPP-4 Inhibition and Neuroprotection: Do Mechanisms Matter?

It has long been recognized that type 2 diabetes is a cardiovascular (CV) disease equivalent (1). The recognition has led to the aggressive pursuit of glycemic control as a mechanism to reduced CV mortality. As such, reducing macrovascular complications related to type 2 diabetes has been a major target of antiglycemic therapies. To date, this clinical objective has remained elusive in contrast to the improvements in microvascular complications. Recent insights from large-scale clinical trials (2–5) have suggested that glucocentric approaches to mitigating CV risk in type 2 diabetes are insufficient and that attention to other CV risk factors such as lipids and blood pressure are equally important in these patients. More recently, investigators have sought strategies that are not merely antiglycemic but also cardioprotective. In this regard, incretin-based therapies have emerged as an exciting approach that seems to address both objectives. Nearly 120,000 type 2 diabetic subjects are currently being studied with respect to whether incretin-based therapies will reduce adverse CV events. It is also well recognized that type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Patients with diabetes are 2.9 times more likely to develop ischemic stroke than are age-matched control subjects (6,7). Moreover, the therapeutic options for reducing ischemic brain injury secondary to stroke have lagged behind comparable interventions designed to reduce myocardial infarct size and subsequent mortality, despite the fact that stroke is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. The pathophysiology of stroke involves the loss of striatal and progressively cortical neurons through ischemic injury and apoptosis …
Teachers Initiating Conversations About Race and Racism in a High School Class

This qualitative study explores the techniques, materials and processes of a Black teacher and a White teacher who introduced issues of race and racism in their team-taught high school class. The teachers explicitly put the issues of race and racism on the table, asked questions that challenged students to think about the topics, and used race-related curricular materials and assignments. The teachers' initiative encouraged the students in the class to speak out about the language and meaning of race and racism.
Framing Politics

As has often been noted, one of the strengths of framing research has been to bridge several research areas in mass communication, such as the origin, journalistic production, content, and effects of news. This article attempts to provide an overview and a review of the cross-disciplinary discourse about framing. Although there are numerous studies on frame construction, frame building, and frame setting, hardly any research has attempted to draw a complete picture of the whole framing process. Based on a definition of frames and framing that can be applied across all stages of the framing process, the design and the methods of an extensive study about a campaign on the naturalization of immigrants are introduced. The merits and insights of such an approach are discussed.
Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis with recent trends in management.

32. Go AS, Bansal N, Chandra M et al. Chronic kidney disease and riskfor presenting with acute myocardial infarction versus stable exer-tional angina in adults with coronary heart disease. J Am CollCardiol 2011; 58: 1600–1607.33. Shamseddin MK, Parfrey PS. Sudden cardiac death in chronickidney disease: epidemiology and prevention. Nat Rev Nephrol2011; 7: 145–154.34. Ikram MA, Hollander M, Bos MJ et al. Unrecognized myocardialinfarction and the risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology2006; 67: 1635–1639.35. Ikram MA, van Oijen M, de Jong FJ et al. Unrecognized myocardialinfarction in relation to risk of dementia and cerebral small vesseldisease. Stroke 2008; 39: 1421–1426.Received for publication: 1.2. 2012; Accepted in revised form: 19.4. 2012Nephrol Dial Transplant (2012) 27: 3391–3394doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs327Advance Access publication 1 August 2012
Teaching and learning about qualitative research in the social sciences: an experiential learning approach amongst marketing students

There is significant evidence that student‐centred approaches to learning using experiential exercises considerably enhance students' understanding of substantive theory and also aid acquisition of transferable skills, such as those pertaining to research management and investigation. We consider an experiential pedagogic approach to be particularly rich in helping students to acquire practical skills for and applying critical thought to qualitative research. In this paper we explain why we see experiential learning as particularly valuable in this context. Additionally, we present and reflect upon the combination and integration of classwork‐ and fieldwork‐based experiential techniques which we have used to develop a critical approach towards qualitative enquiry and a range of qualitative research skills amongst postgraduate marketing students.
Stories to Live By: Narrative Understandings of School Reform

AbstractRecently, writers on school change and implementation have shifted from the grand schemes and projects of the 1960s to school-based curriculum development and person-oriented approaches. Though more sensitive to local conditions and to teacher knowledge, these latter-day approaches inadequately recognize that (1) school reform is a complex practice/theory social process in which undirected change is inevitable; (2) schools and their participants have narrative histories; (3) the educational reform literature stretches back deep into the last century and is preceded by a relevant philosophical literature; and (4) school reform is an epistemological matter that involves issues of practitioner knowledge. These four points are elaborated in this article. Also, a sketch is offered of how school reform might be viewed in narrative terms that address these points.
An fMRI study with semantic access in low proficiency second language learners

Brain activity was measured with fMRI in twelve 10- to 12-year-old Chinese children who began learning English when they were 8 years old in order to find out whether there is a common or a distinct neural semantic system for native language (L1) and second language (L2) in low proficiency bilingual subjects. Although they performed less well in L2 in the semantic decision task administered during fMRI measurement, these subjects showed similar robust activation, for both languages, in brain areas involved in semantic processing (e.g. the left inferior frontal cortex). Within-subject and group analyses revealed no significant difference in the activation patterns for L1 and L2 in these regions. These results suggest that at least at single-word level, there are shared neural substrates for semantic processing of L1 and L2 even when one is at a very low L2 proficiency level.
Approaches to behavior and classroom management: integrating discipline and care

example, in one case study, a young teacher on a hiring committee has to respond to a colleague who dismisses a promising candidate with the assertion that: ‘An African American male really would not fit in that well here’ (p. 49). Certainly there are teachers willing to be so explicit about their prejudices, but, in an age where many have learned what words and phrases not to say, novice educators might also benefit from considering a case study in which a colleague’s prejudices are hidden behind more subtle language. Finally, although a number of the case-studies explored appropriate boundaries between novice teachers and their colleagues and supervisors, few of the case-studies focused directly on appropriate relationships between teachers and students. Particularly for a generation of young teachers for whom cell phones, instant messaging, Facebook and MySpace are commonplace, a case study that considered professional boundaries and these new digital media would have been helpful. Of course, it is all too easy to note the scenarios not included in a particular volume. Perhaps these critiques, then, might be better characterised as suggestions to the authors for a second volume of ethical dilemmas. In short, the case study method seems like a useful and effective tool for engaging educators in discussion and reflection on the types of ethical dilemmas they will encounter over the course of their careers. More teacher education programs would do well to raise these topics with their pre-service teachers, and school principals and department heads might likewise consider engaging their faculties in discussion and reflection of these issues. Quite a number of the case studies embedded in Tough choices for teachers would be ideal for such endeavours.
Exploiting coalition in co-evolutionary learning

Adaptive behaviors often emerge through interactions between adjacent neighbors in dynamic systems, such as social and economic systems. In many cases, an individual's behavior can be modeled by a stimulus-response system in a dynamic environment. In this paper, we use the iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) game, which is simple yet capable of dealing with complex problems, to model a dynamic system such as social or economic systems. We investigate coalitions consisting of many players and their emergence in a co-evolutionary learning environment. We introduce the concept of confidence for players in a coalition and show how such confidences help to improve the generalization ability of the whole coalition. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that co-evolutionary learning with coalitions and player confidences can produce IPD game-playing strategies that generalize well.
Cookies: A deployment study and the testing implications

The results of an extensive investigation of cookie deployment amongst 100,000 Internet sites are presented. Cookie deployment is found to be approaching universal levels and hence there exists an associated need for relevant Web and software engineering processes, specifically testing strategies which actively consider cookies. The semi-automated investigation demonstrates that over two-thirds of the sites studied deploy cookies. The investigation specifically examines the use of first-party, third-party, sessional, and persistent cookies within Web-based applications, identifying the presence of a P3P policy and dynamic Web technologies as major predictors of cookie usage. The results are juxtaposed with the lack of testing strategies present in the literature. A number of real-world examples, including two case studies are presented, further accentuating the need for comprehensive testing strategies for Web-based applications. The use of antirandom test case generation is explored with respect to the testing issues discussed. Finally, a number of seeding vectors are presented, providing a basis for testing cookies within Web-based applications.