Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stem Cell Reports Resource SOX 10 Single Transcription Factor-Based Fast and Efficient Generation of Oligodendrocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Juan Antonio Garcı́a-León,1,* Manoj Kumar,1 Ruben Boon,1 David Chau,2 Jennifer One,2 Esther Wolfs,3 Kristel Eggermont,1 Pieter Berckmans,1 Nilhan Gunhanlar,4 Femke de Vrij,4 Bas Lendemeijer,4 Benjamin Pavie,5,7 Nikky Corthout,5,7 Steven A. Kushner,4 José Carlos Dávila,6,8 Ivo Lambrichts,3 Wei-Shou Hu,2 and Catherine M. Verfaillie1,* 1Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Box 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 3Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium 4Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands 5VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 6Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Research Biomedical Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain 7VIB Bio Imaging Core, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 8Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain *Correspondence: jgarleon@hotmail.com (J.A.G.-L.), catherine.verfaillie@kuleuven.be (C.M.V.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr. 2017.12. 014
Skin Wound Healing Revealed by Multimodal Optical Microscopies

Skin is the largest organ of our body serving as the first line defense against patho‐ gens and toxicity. The skin can heal itself if any damage in it occur. Wounds, if not taken care properly, can become chronic and can even cause death. In the field of cosmetics and plastic reconstructive surgery, wounds, are major cause of trauma and costs, which demand proper diagnosis that can help in appropriate treatment. In conventional medicine, wound diagnosis mostly relied on the expertise and experience of physi‐ cians on the basis of non-quantitative observation of clinical signs, or invasive histochemical assessment of biopsies. Methodologies based on light-matter interaction can provide quantitative, noninva‐ sive and real time assessment of a tissue section based on imaging. Depending on the nature of interaction, various contrasts can be achieved by either absorption, scatter‐ ing, or fluorescence, enabling observation of structural or molecular components of tissue sections. Development of multiphoton nonlinear optical detection techniques provide better resolution and tissue penetration depth with optical sectioning ability by using molecular and structural contrasts simultaneously. This chapter discuses and evaluates various optical approaches with special emphasis on multimodal multipho‐ ton imaging of skin tissue components in correlation to physiological processes that affects the wound healing.
A Case Study of the Introductory Psychology Blended Learning Model at McMaster University.

This paper provides a brief review of blended learning as a didactic method, and discusses the issues and challenges of using blended learning models in post-secondary education. Blended learning refers to mixed modes of instruction that combine traditional face-to-face classroom teaching methods and online learning materials. The paper will address challenges faced by large classrooms with a diverse student body, and the ways blended learning models can help alleviate those concerns (i.e. technologically savvy students, the need for course scheduling flexibility). In addition, a case study of blended learning in higher education in the context of a unique first year Introductory Psychology program at McMaster University will be discussed. Lastly, the important learning benefits offered by blended learning systems, along with the potential barriers to their implementation will be addressed. Cet article presente un bref compte rendu de l’apprentissage hybride en tant que methode didactique. Il traite des problemes et des enjeux relatifs a l’utilisation des modeles d’apprentissage hybride dans le domaine de l’enseignement postsecondaire. L’apprentissage hybride renvoie aux modes d’enseignement mixtes qui combinent les methodes d’enseignement traditionnel en presentiel et l’acces a des documents d’apprentissage en ligne. L’article traite des difficultes rencontrees dans les grands groupes comprenant une diversite d’etudiants et des facons dont les modeles d’apprentissage hybride peuvent contribuer a attenuer ces preoccupations (c.-a-d. les etudiants cales en technologie, la necessite d’une offre de cours souple). De plus, l’article traite d’une etude de cas sur l’apprentissage hybride dans l’enseignement superieur dans le cadre de la premiere annee d’un programme d’introduction a la psychologie a l’Universite McMaster. Enfin, l’article aborde les importants avantages offerts par les systemes d’apprentissage hybride ainsi que les obstacles potentiels a leur mise en œuvre.
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE

: Immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are assembled respectively from germline V, D, J and V, J segments within a process called V(D)J recombination involving the development of T and B lymphocytes. The discovery that abnormal antibodies are often related to a wide range of pathologies conducted during the last years to many studies inherent the immunoglobulin features. In particular the identiﬁcation of the functional V(D)J sequence of an antibody is considered fundamental since it could allow to understand the link between a particular disease and a speciﬁc recombination in a certain tissue and to promote the engineering of therapeutic antibodies. Objective of the implemented pipeline consists in the identiﬁcation of the so called ’main clone’ that characterizes a neoplastic tissue using paired-end RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) reads.
Epidemiological surveillance of leishmaniasis in HIV‐1‐infected individuals in Italy

ObjectiveTo actively detect leishmaniasis in HIV-1-infected individuals in Italy, to describe the epidemiological features of the disease in these patients, and to compare them with epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in HIV-negative patients. DesignRetrospective and prospective surveillance study. PatientsItalian patients with HIV-1 infection and leishmaniasis diagnosed between 1985 and 1994. ResultsWe recorded 116 leishmaniasis cases (115 visceral leishmaniasis), of which 94 (81%) were diagnosed over the last 4 years. Seventy-eight patients (67%) fulfilled the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AIDS criteria. Leishmaniasis was passively reported in only 18% of cases. Leishmania incidence estimated among approximately 2700 AIDS patients living in leishmaniasis endemic areas averaged 1.6%, with a maximum of 4.9% in Sicily. These rates were up to 500-fold higher than among HIV-negative individuals living in the same areas, and were similar to those of ubiquitous opportunistic agents indicative of AIDS condition. Data from two major endemic regions indicated that overlap of HIV-1 and Leishmania infections has focal characteristics. The occurrence of small case clusters would suggest occasional modes of Leishmania transmission different from the insect vector. The isoenzyme characterization of 38 Leishmania stocks showed a zymodeme spectrum qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of the parasitic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative adults. ConclusionsActive surveillance provided reliable evaluation on the occurrence of HIV-Leishmania coinfections in Italy, although it was limited to hospital-based cases in this study due to general under-reporting of cases. Biological and epidemiological spectrum of the disease suggests that visceral leishmaniasis should be included among AIDS-defining pathologies.
The Geography of Organizational Knowledge

The evolution of the geographic distribution of producers in the television receiver and automobile industries is analyzed. Both industries experienced sharp shakeouts and evolved to be oligopolies, suggestive of increasing returns. The television receiver industry was initially concentrated regionally but evolved to be more dispersed over time. In contrast, the automobile industry was dispersed initially but evolved to be heavily concentrated around one city, Detroit, MI, that initially had no producers. Neither pattern conforms to theories that portray agglomerations as being beneficial to the firms that populate them. An alternative theory is developed and tested to explain the geographic evolution of the two industries. Firms are assumed to differ in terms of their initial competence at the time of entry, which shapes their long-term performance. They acquire their competence from firms in related industries and prior entrants into the new industry. The location and performance of entrants in both industries is analyzed, and it is shown how differential importance in the two sources of competence plays a critical role in explaining the contrasting evolution of the geographic structure of the two industries. [
Empowerment and Tech Adoption: Introducing the Treadle Pump Triggers Farmers’ Innovation in Eastern Ethiopia

In 2013, thirty-eight treadle pumps (TPs) were installed as low-cost technology introduction for small-scale irrigation in eastern Ethiopia. This pilot project also trained six farmers on tube well excavation, as well as the installation and maintenance of pumps. In June 2015, researchers visited nine of the thirty-eight TP villages and found only two TPs functioning as originally installed. The rest were replaced with a new technology developed by the trained farmers. Farmers, empowered by training, gained more control in developing technology options tailored to local needs and conditions of their communities. Adopters of the new technology stated that the limited water output and high labor demand of the conventional TP did not optimally fulfil their irrigation water requirements. The new technology had spread quickly to more than one hundred households due to three key factors. First, farmers’ innovative modifications of the initial excavation technique addressed the discharge limitations of the conventional TP by excavating boreholes with wider diameter. Second, local ownership of the new technology, including skills used in well drilling and manufacturing excavation implements, made the modified irrigation technology affordable and accessible to the majority of households. Third, this innovation spread organically without any external support, confirming its sustainability.
Disability in patients consulting for anxiety or mood disorders in primary care: response to antidepressant treatment

Background The primary objective of this prospective observational study was to evaluate changes in self-reported disability in patients with anxiety or mood disorders 3 months after initiating antidepressant treatment. Methods This study included 8396 patients consulting 2433 general practitioners in France for a major mood episode, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Treatment was initiated with the antidepressant that the physician considered appropriate. Patients were evaluated with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Results At 12 weeks, 6617 patients (78.8%) were evaluable. At inclusion, the mean SDS subscores were 6.5 ± 2.2 on the work/school activities dimension, 6.8 ± 1.9 on the social activities dimension, and 6.5 ± 2.0 on the family life dimension. At the 12-week follow-up visit, the mean change in score on these three dimensions was −3.9 ± 2.6, −4.2 ± 2.5, and −4.0 ± 2.5, respectively. At the 12-week follow-up visit, 90.0% of patients were responders (defined as patients whose SDS dimension scores decreased by at least one point) on the work/school SDS subscores; 92.8% were responders on the social life SDS subscores, and 91.1% were responders on family life/home responsibilities SDS subscores. Functional remission (defined as an SDS subscore of 0 at study end) rates were 18.0% for the work/school dimension, 16.8% for the social activities dimension, and 19.5% for the family life dimension. Using a cutoff of ≤2, remission rates were 56.8%, 55.0%, and 58.0%, respectively. Improvements in self-rated disability were correlated with improvements in symptoms measured with clinician-rated CGI-S. Conclusion Patients consulting for anxiety or mood disorders report significant disability, which can be effectively reduced by antidepressant treatment.
The Asymptotic Proportion of Subdivisions of a 2×2 Table that Result in Simpson's Paradox

A 2×2 table of nonnegative integers is subdivided additively into n 2×2 subtables of nonnegative integers in an arbitrary way. The first case of Simpson's Paradox (SP) occurs when the determinant of the original table is less than zero, but the determinant of each of the n 2×2 subtables is greater than or equal to zero. The second case of SP occurs when the previous inequalities hold with ‘less than’ and ‘greater than or equal’ replaced by ‘greater than’ and ‘less than or equal’, respectively. For the case n=2, this paper calculates the asymptotic proportion of the subdivisions of the original 2×2 table such that SP occurs. It is shown that this asymptotic proportion is bounded above by 1/12.
Status Epilepticus after Prolonged Umbilical Cord Occlusion Is Associated with Greater Neural Injury Fetal Sheep at Term-Equivalent

The majority of pre-clinical studies of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at term-equivalent have focused on either relatively mild insults, or on functional paradigms of cerebral ischemia or hypoxia-ischemia/hypotension. There is surprisingly little information on the responses to single, severe ‘physiological’ insults. In this study we examined the evolution and pattern of neural injury after prolonged umbilical cord occlusion (UCO). 36 chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 125–129 days gestational age (term = 147 days) were subjected to either UCO until mean arterial pressure was < = 8 mmHg (n = 29), or sham occlusion (n = 7). Surviving fetuses were killed after 72 hours for histopathologic assessment with acid-fuchsin thionine. After UCO, 11 fetuses died with intractable hypotension and 5 ewes entered labor and were euthanized. The remaining 13 fetuses showed marked EEG suppression followed by evolving seizures starting at 5.8 (6.8) hours (median (interquartile range)). 6 of 13 developed status epilepticus, which was associated with a transient secondary increase in cortical impedance (a measure of cytotoxic edema, p<0.05). All fetuses showed moderate to severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus and the basal ganglia but mild cortical cell loss (p<0.05 vs sham occlusion). Status epilepticus was associated with more severe terminal hypotension (p<0.05) and subsequently, greater neuronal loss (p<0.05). In conclusion, profound UCO in term-equivalent fetal sheep was associated with delayed seizures, secondary cytotoxic edema, and subcortical injury, consistent with the predominant pattern after peripartum sentinel events at term. It is unclear whether status epilepticus exacerbated cortical injury or was simply a reflection of a longer duration of asphyxia.
How fuel poverty affects subjective well-being: Panel evidence from Germany

This paper uses panel data on life satisfaction of about 40,000 individuals in Germany from 1994 to 2013 to analyze the relationship of subjective well-being and several measures of fuel poverty. We study fuel poverty and its effects on life satisfaction in terms of incidence, intensity and in comparison to income poverty. We find a negative and significant effect of fuel poverty and subjective well-being. The effects are comparable in magnitude to those of other important factors of life satisfaction. The impact we find is beyond the effect of mere income poverty. We classify measures of fuel poverty into several types and find that there is a difference with respect to the well-being effects depending on the type of measure. Our findings confirm the argument of the recent literature that fuel poverty is an important issue and should be on the agenda of policy makers.
An Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) can collect reliable and accurate information in distant and hazardous environments, and can be used in National Defence, Military Affairs, Industrial Control, Environmental Monitor, Traffic Management, Medical Care, Smart Home, etc. The sensor whose resources are limited is cheap, and depends on battery to supply electricity, so it’s important for routing to efficiently utilize its power. In this paper, an energy-efficient Single-Hop Active Clustering (SHAC) algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The core of SHAC has three parts. Firstly, a timer mechanism is introduced to select tentative cluster-heads. By analyzing relation between time of timer and residual energy, it is known that time of timer is inversely proportional to residual energy of nodes so a timer mechanism can balance the residual energy of the whole network nodes which improves the network energy efficiency. Secondly, a cost function is proposed to balance energy-efficient of each node. Finally, an active clustering algorithm is proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that SHAC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against the other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, SHAC may prolong the lifetime by up to 50% against EECS.
Preoperative prediction of postoperative edema and effusion in pediatric cardiac surgery by altered antigen expression patterns on granulocytes and monocytes.

Postoperative edema and effusion (POEE) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in children retards recovery and may aggravate postpericardiotomy (PPS), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), or multiorgan failure (MOF). Compared with complication-free children, POEE affected children have different preoperative serum levels of circulating cytokines and adhesion molecules. These levels may be used preoperatively to assess POEE, but their determination is time consuming, costly, and a substantial blood volume is required. Altered serum levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules also may be reflected in altered antigen expression on circulating blood leukocytes. The predictive potential of flow cytometric (FCM) leukocyte immunophenotyping was explored as a sensitive and fast method that required small blood samples. Blood samples taken 24 h preoperatively from 49 patients (3-18 years old) were stained with monoclonal antibodies for adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, LFA-1, Mac-1) or constitutive/activation markers (CD4, CD14, CD16, CD25, CD54, CD69, HLA-DR) and measured on a microbead calibrated FCM. Neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils from POEE patients express higher preoperative levels of LFA-1, monocytes, HLA-DR, and other activation markers (all P < 0.03). Over 89% of the patients were classified correctly by using two discriminant analysis methods (sensitivity, >76%; specificity, >86%; positive prediction, >80%; negative prediction, >83%). Granulocytes and monocytes of postoperative POEE patients exhibit significant preoperative immune activation, suggesting an increased risk for patients with atopic/allergic predisposition. Surgical trauma and CPB cause additional immune activation, leading to POEE by a summative response. Most patients at risk for POEE can be identified preoperatively by using data pattern analysis on FCM-derived parameters.
Related Party Transactions and Financial Performance: Is There a Correlation? Empirical Evidence from Italian Listed Companies

Related party transactions (RPTs) can have a dual nature. On one hand, these transactions may be considered sound business exchanges, fulfilling the economic needs of the company. On the other hand, RPTs may be considered a mechanism to exploit company resources as a consequence of existing conflicting interests. This study takes into account both aspects. Specifically, this paper investigates the relation between RPTs and companies’ financial performance, and thus verifies whether there is an association between these kinds of transactions and earnings management. This study examines the existence of this relation as regards the universe of Italian listed companies for the period of 2008-2011. According to the related data analysis, the research concludes that related party transactions and companies’ financial performance results are not correlated and that there is no evidence of a cause-effect relation. Therefore, related party transactions do not appear—thanks also to the existence of control mechanisms—a means used by Italian listed companies to realize earnings management, especially earnings smoothing.
Pancreatic cyst fluid triage

Pancreatic cysts are a complex group of benign, malignant, and premalignant lesions with diverse clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. It is no longer believed that the vast majority of pancreatic cysts are pseudocysts, inclusion cysts, or benign neoplastic cysts that do not require follow-up. Our knowledge and understanding of neoplastic pancreatic cysts in general, and mucinous pancreatic cysts in particular, has grown exponentially since the 1980s when intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) was recognized as a distinct entity from mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). Our realization that all neoplastic mucinous cysts have malignant potential has led to intensive evaluation of patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic pancreatic cysts to determine the nature of the cyst and, thus, the possible need for resection. Now that we are looking closely, we know that pancreatic cysts are extremely common lesions. Approximately 2.6% of asymptomatic adults and>8% of adults aged>80 years who undergo abdominal imaging have a pancreatic cyst. The majority of these cysts are incidental cysts, and most are mucinous, but most are not malignant. Surgical resection of all pancreatic mucinous cysts is logistically impossible. Imaging may be very helpful for differentiating mucinous from nonmucinous cysts, but nearly 20% of serous cystadenomas are macrocystic with few septations, mimicking a mucinous cyst, whereas IPMNs can cause pancreatitis and simulate the appearance of a pseudocyst. In addition, imaging is not at all helpful in accurately differentiating lowgrade from high-grade dysplastic or even malignant mucinous cysts. The current paradigm of preoperative diagnosis uses clinical, radiologic, and pathologic methods to determine high-risk features of malignancy. One of the first questions to answer in cyst fluid analysis is whether the cyst is mucinous or nonmucinous. Most nonmucinous cysts are serous cysts. Just a few years ago, this distinction alone was sufficient to determine the need for surgery. Although serous cysts were resected primarily to relieve symptoms, all mucinous cysts, regardless of type, were resected because of the concern for malignant progression. What became clear from clinicopathologic analysis of these resected mucinous neoplasms was that there were distinct types of mucinous cysts, distinguished by sex, age, location in the pancreas, association with the pancreatic ducts, pathologic features, and likelihood of progression to cancer. Most MCNs are usually low-grade neoplasms that do not involve the main pancreatic duct. They are typically large, multiloculated cysts that occur primarily in the body or tail of the pancreas of young to middle-aged women. The current recommendation is to resect all MCNs regardless of grade, because intervention at diagnosis avoids long-term, expensive, annual surveillance.