Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining Answer Set Programming and domain heuristics for solving hard industrial problems (Application Paper)

Abstract Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a popular logic programming paradigm that has been applied for solving a variety of complex problems. Among the most challenging real-world applications of ASP are two industrial problems defined by Siemens: the Partner Units Problem (PUP) and the Combined Configuration Problem (CCP). The hardest instances of PUP and CCP are out of reach for state-of-the-art ASP solvers. Experiments show that the performance of ASP solvers could be significantly improved by embedding domain-specific heuristics, but a proper effective integration of such criteria in off-the-shelf ASP implementations is not obvious. In this paper the combination of ASP and domain-specific heuristics is studied with the goal of effectively solving real-world problem instances of PUP and CCP. As a byproduct of this activity, the ASP solver wasp was extended with an interface that eases embedding new external heuristics in the solver. The evaluation shows that our domain-heuristic-driven ASP solver finds solutions for all the real-world instances of PUP and CCP ever provided by Siemens.
Statistical characteristics of large scale structure

We generalize and extend the statistical description of formation and evolution of Large Scale matter distribution in the Universe proposed in our previous papers. We investigate the impact of transverse motions - expansion and/or com- pression - on properties of the Large Scale Structure elements - walls, pancakes, filaments and clouds - and, generalizing the Press-Schechter formalism, derive their mass functions. Using the Zel'dovich theory of gravitational instability we show that these mass functions are approximately the same and the mass of each type of elements is found to be concentrated near the corresponding mean mass. At high redshifts, both the mass function and the mean mass of formed elements depend upon the small scale part of the initial power spectrum and, in particular, upon the mass of dominant fraction of dark matter (DM) particles. Using these results we obtain independent estimates of probable redshifts of the reionization and reheating periods of the Universe. We show that the transverse motions do not significantly change the redshift evolution of the observed mass function and the mean linear number density of low mass pancakes related to absorption lines in the spectra of the farthest quasars. Application of this approach to the observed Lyman-α forest allows one to directly estimate the shape of initial power spectrum on small scales.
Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in Thailand

type="main"> Using data from Thailand's 2007 Industrial Census, this research studied resource misallocation across manufacturing plants and its impact on manufacturing total factor productivity (TFP). It is found that there is more resource misallocation across plants in Thailand than in China, India, and the US, as well as in some other countries. When resource misallocation in Thailand is hypothetically reduced to the extent observed in the USA, manufacturing TFP increases by about seventy per cent. It is also found that manufacturing plants under government ownership or located in the northern region of Thailand have lower productivity, yet face lower input and output distortions than other plants. Also, medium-sized plants face higher distortions than smaller and larger plants.
PKC-Theta in Regulatory and Effector T-cell Functions

One of the major goals in immunology research is to understand the regulatory mechanisms that underpin the rapid switch on/off of robust and efficient effector (Teffs) or regulatory (Tregs) T-cell responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of such responses is critical for the development of effective therapies. T-cell activation involves the engagement of T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory signals, but the subsequent recruitment of serine/threonine-specific protein Kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) to the immunological synapse (IS) is instrumental for the formation of signaling complexes, which ultimately lead to a transcriptional network in T cells. Recent studies demonstrated that major differences between Teffs and Tregs occurred at the IS where its formation induces altered signaling pathways in Tregs. These pathways are characterized by reduced recruitment of PKC-θ, suggesting that PKC-θ inhibits Tregs suppressive function in a negative feedback loop. As the balance of Teffs and Tregs has been shown to be central in several diseases, it was not surprising that some studies revealed that PKC-θ plays a major role in the regulation of this balance. This review will examine recent knowledge on the role of PKC-θ in T-cell transcriptional responses and how this protein can impact on the function of both Tregs and Teffs.
An Optimal Allocation Algorithm of Adjustable Delay Buffers and Practical Extensions for Clock Skew Optimization in Multiple Power Mode Designs

Satisfying a clock skew constraint is one of the most important tasks in clock tree synthesis. Moreover, the task becomes much harder to solve when the clock tree is designed in a multiple power mode environment, in which the voltage applied to some design module varies as the power mode changes. Recently, it has been shown that an adjustable delay buffer (ADB), whose delay can be tuned dynamically, can be used to solve the clock skew problem effectively under multiple power modes. However, due to the area or control overhead by ADBs, it is very important to minimize the number of ADBs to be allocated. This paper provides a complete solution to the problem of clock skew optimization using ADBs under multiple power modes. We propose a linear-time algorithm that simultaneously solves the problems of computing: 1) the minimum (optimal) number of ADBs to be used; 2) the location where each ADB is to be placed; and 3) the delay value of each ADB to be assigned to each power mode. Experimental results show that, in comparison with the previous work, which iteratively performs the ADB allocation, placement, and value assignment, our integrated algorithm produces consistently better designs for all tested benchmarks; it reduces the numbers of ADBs by 9.27% on average under the skew bound of 30-50 ps, even with shorter clock latencies compared to that of previous algorithm of ADB allocation, placement, and delay assignment. To make it practically feasible, we also propose a new ADB design technique and systematic algorithmic solutions to address the problems of discrete delay values, slew rate variation, nonzero initial ADB delay, and a possible exploration of ADB resizing.
Functionally Antagonistic Interactions between the TrkA and p75 Neurotrophin Receptors Regulate Sympathetic Neuron Growth and Target Innervation

In this report, we provide evidence that NGF and BDNF have functionally antagonistic actions on sympathetic neuron growth and target innervation, with NGF acting via TrkA to promote growth and BDNF via p75NTR to inhibit growth. Specifically, in cultured sympathetic neurons that themselves synthesize BDNF, exogenous BDNF inhibits and function-blocking BDNF antibodies enhance process outgrowth. Both exogenous and autocrine BDNF mediate this effect via p75NTR because (1) BDNF does not inhibit growth of neurons lacking p75NTR, (2) function-blocking p75NTR antibodies enhance NGF-mediated growth, and (3) p75NTR−/− sympathetic neurons grow more robustly in response to NGF than do their wild-type counterparts. To determine the physiological relevance of this functional antagonism, we examined the pineal gland, a well defined sympathetic target organ. BDNF is present in the pineal gland during target innervation, and incoming sympathetic axons are p75NTR positive. Moreover, the pineal glands of BDNF+/− and BDNF−/−mice are hyperinnervated with sympathetic fibers, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels are elevated. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase is also observed in the BDNF+/− carotid artery, another sympathetic neuron target. Thus, BDNF, made by sympathetic neurons and/or their target organs, acts via p75NTR to antagonize NGF-mediated growth and target innervation, suggesting that sympathetic target innervation is determined by the balance of positively and negatively acting neurotrophins present in developing and potentially mature targets.
Mixtures of g-Priors in Generalized Linear Models

ABSTRACT Mixtures of Zellner’s g-priors have been studied extensively in linear models and have been shown to have numerous desirable properties for Bayesian variable selection and model averaging. Several extensions of g-priors to generalized linear models (GLMs) have been proposed in the literature; however, the choice of prior distribution of g and resulting properties for inference have received considerably less attention. In this article, we unify mixtures of g-priors in GLMs by assigning the truncated Compound Confluent Hypergeometric (tCCH) distribution to 1/(1 + g), which encompasses as special cases several mixtures of g-priors in the literature, such as the hyper-g, Beta-prime, truncated Gamma, incomplete inverse-Gamma, benchmark, robust, hyper-g/n, and intrinsic priors. Through an integrated Laplace approximation, the posterior distribution of 1/(1 + g) is in turn a tCCH distribution, and approximate marginal likelihoods are thus available analytically, leading to “Compound Hypergeometric Information Criteria” for model selection. We discuss the local geometric properties of the g-prior in GLMs and show how the desiderata for model selection proposed by Bayarri et al., such as asymptotic model selection consistency, intrinsic consistency, and measurement invariance may be used to justify the prior and specific choices of the hyper parameters. We illustrate inference using these priors and contrast them to other approaches via simulation and real data examples. The methodology is implemented in the R package BAS and freely available on CRAN. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Non-disclosure and Adverse Disclosure as Signals of Firm Value

We present a model in which some of the firmâ€™s information (â€œnewâ€ ) can be disclosed verifiably and some information (â€œtypeâ€ ) cannot, to show that some firms may voluntarily withhold good news and disclose bad news. We describe an equilibrium in which high-type firms withhold good news and disclose bad news whereas low-type firms disclose good news and withhold bad news. Under some parameter values, this equilibrium exists when other more traditional equilibria are ruled out by standard equilibrium refinements. The model explains some otherwise anomalous empirical evidence concerning stock price reactions to disclosure, provides some new empirical predictions, and suggests that mandatory disclosure requirements may have the undesirable consequence of making it more difficult for firms to reveal information that cannot be disclosed credibly.
INTEGRATION OF CHOICE AND LATENT VARIABLE MODELS. IN: IN PERPETUAL MOTION: TRAVEL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AND APPLICATION CHALLENGES

This paper presents conceptual and methodogical frameworks for inclusion of latent factors as explanatory variables in choice models. The method described provides for explicit treatment of the psychological factors affecting the decisionmaking process by modeling them as latent variables. Psychometric data, such as responses to attitudinal and perceptual survey questions, are used as indicators of the latent psychological factors. The resulting approach integrates choice models with latent variable models, in which the system of equations is estimated at the same time. This simultaneous estimation of the model structure represents an improvement over sequential methods, as it produces consistent and efficient estimates of the parameters. Three applications of the methodology give examples and demonstrate the flexibility of the approach, the resulting gain in explanatory power, and the improved specification of discrete choice models.
A Model of three-dimensional lattice gravity

A model is proposed which generates all oriented 3D simplicial complexes weighted with an invariant associated with a topological lattice gauge theory. When the gauge group is SUq(2), qn=1, it is the Turaev-Viro invariant and the model may be regarded as a nonperturbative definition of 3D simplicial quantum gravity. If one takes a finite Abelian group G, the corresponding invariant gives the rank of the first cohomology group of a complex C:IG(C)=rank(H1(C,G)), which means a topological expansion in the Betti number b1. In general, it is a theory of the Dijkgraaf-Witten type, i.e., determined completely by the fundamental group of a manifold.
Transient Simulation of Distributed Networks Using Delay Extraction Based Numerical Convolution

This paper presents a numerical convolution based approach for transient simulation of distributed networks characterized by band limited frequency domain data when terminated with arbitrary nonlinear circuits. The proposed algorithm uses time-frequency decompositions to extract multiple propagation delays of a distributed network and the associated attenuation losses in a piecewise manner, and implements inverse fast Fourier transform to efficiently convert the frequency response into a sum of delayed time domain responses. Numerical examples illustrate that the proposed algorithm shows significantly more accurate results for networks with multiple long delays when compared to existing numerical convolution techniques.
The Association of a Panel of Biomarkers with the Presence and Severity of Carcinoid Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors secrete serotonin and other vasoactive substances that are responsible for carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease. We sought to evaluate the discriminatory utility of diagnostic biomarkers in determining the presence and severity of carcinoid heart disease in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study of patients with neuroendocrine tumors with documented liver metastases and/or carcinoid syndrome between April 2009–October 2012 in 5 tertiary referral centers. Serum was analyzed for Chromogranin A, Chromogranin B and N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP). Plasma was analyzed for Neurokinin A and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA). Echocardiography was used to determine the presence and severity of carcinoid heart disease. Non-parametric receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for biomarkers, and the area under the curve determined. The severity of cardiac involvement was correlated with the concentration of each biomarker. Results A total of 187 patients were identified of whom 37 (20%) had carcinoid heart disease. Significantly higher median values of all biomarkers were found in the patients with cardiac involvement. NT-proBNP and plasma 5HIAA had the highest areas under the curve for the prediction of carcinoid heart disease [NT-proBNP 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.74–0.90, p<0.0001) and 5HIAA 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.78–0.92, p<0.0001]. NT-proBNP was moderately correlated (r = 0.48, p<0.001) whereas plasma 5HIAA was only weakly correlated (r = 0.34, p<0.001) with the echocardiographic severity score. Conclusion NT-proBNP and plasma 5HIAA are both sensitive and specific biomarkers for the presence of carcinoid heart disease whereas only NT-proBNP is moderately correlated with disease severity.
An ECM Analysis of Thai Tourism Demand in Malaysia

Tourism industry is one of the important service industries that play a crucial role in the development of Malaysian economy. Thailand has been ranked among the top five tourist generating countries for Malaysia since the last decade. This paper intends to determine factors affecting Thai tourism demand in Malaysia from the macroeconomic perspective by utilizing quarterly data from 2000Q1 to 2013Q4. The Thai tourism demand model is estimated using the error-correction model and a battery of diagnostic tests were carried out to ensure the robustness of the model. The empirical results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between Thai tourism demand and the specified explanatory variables, which are Thai real income, real travel cost and exchange rate. Specifically, higher Thai real income will reduce Thai tourist to Malaysia, while higher real travel cost and stronger currency attract more Thai visitor to Malaysia. As a conclusion, this paper has achieved its aim to determine the factors affecting Thai tourism demand in Malaysia. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n3p162
How Basic Are Behavioral Biases? Evidence from Capuchin Monkey Trading Behavior

Behavioral economics has demonstrated systematic decision‐making biases in both lab and field data. Do these biases extend across contexts, cultures, or even species? We investigate this question by introducing fiat currency and trade to a colony of capuchin monkeys and recovering their preferences over a range of goods and gambles. We show that capuchins react rationally to both price and wealth shocks but display several hallmark biases when faced with gambles, including reference dependence and loss aversion. Given our capuchins’ inexperience with money and trade, these results suggest that loss aversion extends beyond humans and may be innate rather than learned.
A data acquisition and analysis system for palm leaf documents in Telugu

This paper briefly reviews the progress in the field of hand written character recognition (HWCR) applied to the Indian languages with a special emphasis on the palm leaf character recognition (PLCR) techniques. The various methodologies and techniques for character recognition (CR) have been discussed in the paper. HWCR applied to historical documents like Palm leaves and old hand written manuscripts is much more challenging due to the limited progress in this area. These documents containing texts and treaties on a host of subjects are of both national and historical importance. Characters on the palm leaf have the additional properties like depth, an added feature which can be gainfully exploited during Palm Leaf Character Recognition (PLCR). The unique method of data collection initiated with isolated Telugu characters from palm leaf manuscripts, and the building of the palm leaf character database is described in this paper. A comparative analysis of the results for PLCR obtained by various techniques are also presented.
The luminous host galaxies of high redshift BL Lac objects

We present the first near-infrared Ks-band (2.1 µm) imaging study of a sizeable sample of 13 high redshift (0.6 0.5 BL Lacs substantially increase the number of detected hosts (from ∼20 to ∼30). This dataset allows us to explore the evolution of BL Lac hosts from z ∼ 1 to the present epoch. We find that the host galaxies of high redshift BL Lacs are large (average bulge scale lengthR(e) �∼ 7 kpc) and similar to those hosting low redshift BL Lacs, indicating that there is no evolution in the host galaxy size. On the other hand, these host galaxies are very luminous (averageM(K)� = −27.9 ± 0.7). They are ∼3 mag brighter than the typical galaxy luminosity L*, and ∼1-1.5 mag more luminous than brightest cluster galaxies at low redshift. They are also ∼1 mag brighter than radio galaxies at low redshift and they appear to deviate from the K − z relationship of radio galaxies. On the other hand, these high luminosities agree with the few optical studies of high redshift BL Lacs and are similar to those of flat spectrum radio quasars studied by us in the near-infrared. The nuclear luminosity and the nucleus-galaxy luminosity ratio of the high redshift BL Lacs are much larger than those found for low redshift BL Lacs and similar to those observed in flat spectrum radio quasars at similar redshift. This mainly reflects the selection effects in the surveys and may be due to either an higher intrinsic nuclear luminosity, or due to enanched luminosity because of strong beaming. Contrary to what is observed in low redshift BL Lacs, the luminosities of the host galaxy and of the nucleus appear fairly well correlated, as expected from the black hole mass - bulge luminosity relationship found in nearby spheroids, if the nuclear emission works at the same regime. Our observations indicate that high redshift BL Lacs radiate with a wide range of power with respect to their Eddington luminosity, and this power is intermediate between the low level observed in nearby BL Lacs and the higher level occurring in luminous radio-loud quasars. The comparison with BL Lac host galaxies at lower redshift suggests that there is a ∼2 mag brightening of the hosts. We argue that the large luminosity of the hosts is due to a strong selection effect in the surveys of BL Lacs that makes observable only the most luminous sources at z > 0.5 and produces a correlation between the nuclear and the host luminosity that emerges at high redshift. However, this may also suggest a strong luminosity evolution which is inconsistent with a simple passive evolution of the stars in the host galaxies, and requires a contribution from recent star formation episodes that takes place at z > 0.5.
Digital Capitalism: Networking the Global Market System

From the Publisher: Cyberspace not only exemplifies but spearheads the greater political economy of which it has become such a critical part. The networks that comprise cyberspace were originally created at the behest of government agencies, military contractors, and allied educational institutions. However, over the past generation or so, a growing number of these networks began to serve primarily corporate users. Under the sway of an expansionary market logic, the Internet began a political-economic transition toward what Dan Schiller calls "digital capitalism. " Schiller traces these metamorphoses through three critically important and interlinked realms. Parts I and II deal with the overwhelmingly "neoliberal" or market-driven policies that influence and govern the telecommunications system and their empowerment of transnational corporations while at the same time exacerbating exisiting social inequalities. Part III shows how cyberspace offers uniquely supple instruments with which to cultivate and deepen consumerism on a transnational scale, especially among privileged groups. Finally, Part IV shows how digital capitalism has already overtaken education, placing it at the mercy of a proprietary market logic.