Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IL-6 rescues enterocytes from hemorrhage induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro by a bcl-2 mediated mechanism.

Following a hemorrhagic event, damage to the highly metabolic intestinal tissue induces loss of barrier function leading to bacterial escape and LPS contamination of the host. Orally administered IL-6 restores intestinal barrier function following hemorrhage in both rat and mouse models. IL-6 prevents apoptosis in a variety of lymphoid cells and lines, through the activation of the proto-oncogene bcl-2. This communication elucidates the role of the IL-6-bcl-2 interaction in intestinal apoptosis following hemorrhagic shock. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and p53 immunohistochemical staining were used to examine intestines from mice hemorrhaged and fed saline or IL-6 and enterocytes (IEC-6) exposed to hypoxia and LPS alone or LPS and IL-6 in vitro. In situ hybridization for bcl-2 expression was performed on intestines or enterocytes. Intestinal sections from mice hemorrhaged and fed IL-6 showed reduction in apoptosis and increases in bcl-2 gene expression relative to sections taken from mice hemorrhaged and fed saline. IEC-6 cells exposed to hypoxia and LPS had high numbers of TUNEL staining cells. Subsequent exposure to IL-6 after hypoxia and LPS reduced apoptotic cell numbers and increased bcl-2 gene expression. The data show that exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to IL-6 either by oral administration in hemorrhaged mice or by coculture following hypoxia and LPS treatment results in increased bcl-2 gene expression and reduced damage from apoptosis.
Roll Over Beethoven: 'A Critical Examination of Recent Writing About Race'

In Crossroads and Blind Alleys: A Critical Examination of Recent Writing About Race, 62 Tex. L. Rev. 121 (2003), Professor Richard Delgado criticized the scholarly direction of Critical Race Theory (CRT). As a starting point for his criticism, Delgado reviews Crossroads, Directions, and a New Critical Race Theory (2002) edited by Francisco Valdes, Jerome McCristal Culp, and Angela P. Harris. The volume consists primarily of papers and speeches presented at the Critical Race Theory conference at Yale Law School in 1997, an important event reflecting on ten years of CRT. Among the contributors to Crossroads are influential CRT scholars Derrick Bell, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw, Charles Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and others. Delgado laments CRT's current focus, which he characterizes as "idealist" (and too much talk of discourse about inequality) as opposed to the "materialist" (and power disparities contributing to racial injustice). Crossroads, to Delgado, devotes too much to the ideal and, put simply, is filled with discourse about discourse. Although Delgado makes important points about the state of CRT scholarship, this response contends that he overstates the distinction between the ideal and material forms of discourse and, by so doing, excessively criticizes CRT's direction, and fails to acknowledge the emerging critical scholarship that analyzes current the racial justice issues. In sum, this response questions Professor Delgado's criticism of Critical Race Theory, as well as his challenges to Critical Latina/o (LatCrit) Theory.
GeoChip-based analysis of metabolic diversity of microbial communities at the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are one of the most unique and fascinating ecosystems on Earth. Although phylogenetic diversity of vent communities has been extensively examined, their physiological diversity is poorly understood. In this study, a GeoChip-based, high-throughput metagenomics technology revealed dramatic differences in microbial metabolic functions in a newly grown protochimney (inner section, Proto-I; outer section, Proto-O) and the outer section of a mature chimney (4143-1) at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Very limited numbers of functional genes were detected in Proto-I (113 genes), whereas much higher numbers of genes were detected in Proto-O (504 genes) and 4143-1 (5,414 genes). Microbial functional genes/populations in Proto-O and Proto-I were substantially different (around 1% common genes), suggesting a rapid change in the microbial community composition during the growth of the chimney. Previously retrieved cbbL and cbbM genes involved in the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle from deep-sea hydrothermal vents were predominant in Proto-O and 4143-1, whereas photosynthetic green-like cbbL genes were the major components in Proto-I. In addition, genes involved in methanogenesis, aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation (e.g., ANME1 and ANME2), nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, degradation of complex carbon substrates, and metal resistance were also detected. Clone libraries supported the GeoChip results but were less effective than the microarray in delineating microbial populations of low biomass. Overall, these results suggest that the hydrothermal microbial communities are metabolically and physiologically highly diverse, and the communities appear to be undergoing rapid dynamic succession and adaptation in response to the steep temperature and chemical gradients across the chimney.
DO YOUTH LEARN LIFE SKILLS THROUGH THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN HIGH SCHOOL SPORT? A CASE STUDY

In this study we examined whether and how youth learned life skills through their involvement on a high school soccer team. We collected data from fieldwork and interviews with 12 male student-athletes and the head coach from one team. Results showed that the coach's philosophy involved building relationships and involving student-athletes in decision making. Issues relating to three life skills (initiative, re spect, and teamwork/leadership) were identified. Although we observed little direct teaching of these life skills, we saw that players generally were producers of their own experiences that supported the development of these skills.
Redundancy resolution and obstacle avoidance for cooperative industrial robots

Planning methods for effective manipulation of single or multiple redundant arm systems must take account of DOF, the task, constraints, and joint drifts. Here, a new approach to redundancy resolution and obstacle avoidance for cooperative robot arms is proposed. In this development, a relative Jacobian and a relative dexterity measure for cooperative robot arms are derived. A nonlinear programming method is used to optimize the relative dexterity while satisfying cooperative task requirements, limits on joint angles, and obstacle avoidance. With this approach, it is not necessary to balance the weightings between the cost term to be optimized and the penalty from constraints. Configuration jumps over obstacles are avoided. Further, since globally optimal joint configurations are produced, drifts in joint configurations will be absent from the resulting configurations. This article includes several illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of this approach. Results have indicated the benefits of both the relative dexterity and the sum of individual arm dexterities in planning of cooperative tasks. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristics of adherence to plastic tissue culture plates of coagulase-negative staphylococci exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents.

Adherence and hydrophobic properties characteristic of 6-h cultures of coagulase-negative staphylococci on plastic tissue culture plates were determined after the organisms had been treated for up to an additional 6 h with subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents. Clindamycin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, tunicamycin, and vancomycin had no effect. Cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, imipenem, methicillin, novobiocin, polymyxin B, rifampin, and tobramycin had varied effects. Most changes induced by these agents resulted in differing degrees of inhibition of adherence. However, an increase in adherence of 65% was observed for one strain, RP14 (ATCC 35981), with rifampin treatment. Hydrophobicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci treated with antimicrobial agents measured by using a biphasic system with hexadecane showed excellent correlation with adherence (r = .958, P less than .0005), a result suggesting that adherence of these bacteria in this system depends heavily on hydrophobic surface moieties. Transmission electron microscopy of drug-treated coagulase-negative staphylococci revealed only an increase in cell-wall thickness, regardless of whether adherence was increased or decreased.
Ethylene Oxide Homogeneous Heterobifunctional Acyclic Oligomers

namic expression of the rate constant did the same for the calculation of the “reverse” micelle-processing medium phase-transfer free energy A reversible reaction, cyanoethylation is influenced by temperature, time, excess reagent (monomer) and addition products. Secondary products existent in the unpurified technical raw materials (higher alcohols, polyethylene glycols, traces of water) and oligomers of AN affect the yields of nucleophilic addition in the synthesis of HEHAO through the consumption
Clustered DPCM for the lossless compression of hyperspectral images

A clustered differential pulse code modulation lossless compression method for hyperspectral images is presented. The spectra of a hyperspectral image is clustered, and an optimized predictor is calculated for each cluster. Prediction is performed using a linear predictor. After prediction, the difference between the predicted and original values is computed. The difference is entropy-coded using an adaptive entropy coder for each cluster. The achieved compression ratios presented here are compared with those of existing methods. The results show that the proposed lossless compression method for hyperspectral images outperforms previous methods.
Sociodemographic Information, Aversive and Traumatic Events, Offence-Related Characteristics, and Mental Health of Delinquent Women in Forensic-Psychiatric Care in Switzerland

The present study describes a much understudied group—namely, female prisoners under forensic-psychiatric care in the German-speaking part of Switzerland—to improve understanding of their risks and their needs. Data were derived from internal databases of a Forensic-Psychiatric Service. Data were collected in the form of their sociodemographic characteristics, prevalence of aversive and traumatic events, type of offence committed, and mental health conditions. Based on a full-sample approach, a total of 1,571 files were analysed. Results reveal that two thirds of the participants were not in a stable relationship, more than half did not complete a school degree, and three quarters were without stable employment prior to their incarceration. Two thirds were mothers and about one third did not grow up with their parents. Almost half grew up with an alcohol abusing parent, about half experienced violence and/or neglect in childhood, and about a quarter of the cases sexual abuse. About 95% had a mental health diagnosis according to International Classification of Diseases–Version 10 (ICD-10), and the most prevalent mental and behavioural disorder was due to psychoactive substance abuse. The most frequent offence type was drug-related crimes. Women convicted for drug-related crimes were more likely to have an ICD-10 F1 disorder compared with those convicted for other crimes. Conversely, women with violent offences were less likely to suffer from ICD-10 F1 disorder than those who had committed nonviolent offences. Findings have implications for practitioners and policy makers, and contribute to the cycle of violence theory discussion. In conclusion, future research areas are suggested.
Transmission control in cognitive radio as a Markovian dynamic game: Structural result on randomized threshold policies

This paper considers an uplink time division multiple access (TDMA) cognitive radio network where multiple cognitive radios (secondary users) attempt to access a spectrum hole. We assume that each secondary user can access the channel according to a decentralized predefined access rule based on the channel quality and the transmission delay of each secondary user. By modeling secondary user block fading channel qualities as a finite state Markov chain, we formulate the transmission rate adaptation problem of each secondary user as a general-sum Markovian dynamic game with a delay constraint. Conditions are given so that the Nash equilibrium transmission policy of each secondary user is a randomized mixture of pure threshold policies. Such threshold policies can be easily implemented. We then present a stochastic approximation algorithm that can adaptively estimate the Nash equilibrium policies and track such policies for non-stationary problems where the statistics of the channel and user parameters evolve with time.
Crossing the bridge over Norman's Gulf of Execution: revealing feedforward's true identity

Feedback and affordances are two of the most well-known principles in interaction design. Unfortunately, the related and equally important notion of feedforward has not been given as much consideration. Nevertheless, feedforward is a powerful design principle for bridging Norman's Gulf of Execution. We reframe feedforward by disambiguating it from related design principles such as feedback and perceived affordances, and identify new classes of feedforward. In addition, we present a reference framework that provides a means for designers to explore and recognize different opportunities for feedforward.
Flows of elements , ions and abscisic acid in Ricinus communis and site of nitrate reduction under potassium limitation

In a pot experiment Ricinus communis plants were cultivated in quartz sand and supplied daily with a nutrient solution which contained 4 mol m 3 nitrate as the nitrogen source and either full strength potassium (1.3 mol m , control) or 8% potassium (0.1 mol m , K-limitation). Although the final fresh weight of the whole plant was not affected by K-limitation, the root–shoot ratio was increased due to a relatively increased root growth and inhibited development of younger shoot parts. Owing to K-limitation, photosynthesis was slightly decreased, while dark respiration of the shoot markedly decreased and root respiration was nearly doubled. The transport of carbon in the phloem, and to some extent in the xylem, was greater and the root was favoured in the partitioning of carbon. This was also true for nitrogen and potassium which were both taken up at lower rates, particularly potassium. In these two cases a high remobilization and recycling from the old part of the shoot was observed. By contrast, uptake of sodium was 2.4-fold higher under K-limitation and this resulted in increased flows in the plants, which was discussed generally as a means for charge balance (in combination with a slight increase in uptake of magnesium and calcium). Nitrate reduction took place in the same portion in the root and shoot. This was a shift to the root compared to the control and points to an inhibition of xylem transport caused by limitation of K as an easily permeating countercation. Low K supply also resulted in an increased biosynthesis of ABA in the roots (265%). This caused a slightly increased deposition of ABA in the roots (193%) and a 4.6-fold higher root-to-shoot and a doubled shoot-to-root ABA signal in the xylem or phloem, respectively. The high degradation of ABA in the shoots prevented ABA accumulation there.
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Aging: Challenges in Research, Practice, and Policy

The graying of the U.S. population draws increasing focus to historically unattended segments of society, including sexual and gender minorities. In this first comprehensive volume to address the challenges of aging in the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and intersex populations, this text presents what is currently known about aging GLBT individuals and what services are needed to support them. The editors first provide an introductory overview comparing caregiving in GLBT and normative aging communities. In chapters devoted to the issues of each alternative sexuality and gender identity community, top experts in the field discuss biomedical, psychological, social/sexual, spiritual, socioeconomic, and service topics related to that community's aging needs. GLBT populations face unique challenges as they age. Despite the often severe difficulties they encounter, many live out their final years with the dignity and grace that all of us deserve. With a combination of the latest biological and social science research, moving case studies and first-person accounts, practical advice for health professionals, and research literature citations, this book represents a major step forward in addressing concerns of aging GLBT populations. Integrating research, practice, and policy, this text is for students and professionals in gerontology, medicine, social work, psychology, nursing, public health, and related fields who wish to learn more about the life experiences and concerns of sexual- and gender-minority-identified older patients.
Malaria Prevalence, Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors in a Low Endemic Area of Eastern Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study

Background Rwanda reported significant reductions in malaria burden following scale up of control intervention from 2005 to 2010. This study sought to; measure malaria prevalence, describe spatial malaria clustering and investigate for malaria risk factors among health-centre-presumed malaria cases and their household members in Eastern Rwanda. Methods A two-stage health centre and household-based survey was conducted in Ruhuha sector, Eastern Rwanda from April to October 2011. At the health centre, data, including malaria diagnosis and individual level malaria risk factors, was collected. At households of these Index cases, a follow-up survey, including malaria screening for all household members and collecting household level malaria risk factor data, was conducted. Results Malaria prevalence among health centre attendees was 22.8%. At the household level, 90 households (out of 520) had at least one malaria-infected member and the overall malaria prevalence for the 2634 household members screened was 5.1%. Among health centre attendees, the age group 5–15 years was significantly associated with an increased malaria risk and a reported ownership of ≥4 bednets was significantly associated with a reduced malaria risk. At the household level, age groups 5–15 and >15 years and being associated with a malaria positive index case were associated with an increased malaria risk, while an observed ownership of ≥4 bednets was associated with a malaria risk-protective effect. Significant spatial malaria clustering among household cases with clusters located close to water- based agro-ecosystems was observed. Conclusions Malaria prevalence was significantly higher among health centre attendees and their household members in an area with significant household spatial malaria clustering. Circle surveillance involving passive case finding at health centres and proactive case detection in households can be a powerful tool for identifying household level malaria burden, risk factors and clustering.
How Common Are The New Compensation and Work Organization Practices and Who Adopts Them

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to document the use and the diffusion of the “new” compensation and work organisation practices in Danish private sector firms and second, to examine how and why firms differ regarding the adoption of different schemes. The analysis is based on a detailed mail questionnaire answered by 1,600 Danish private sector firms.
Theoretical Importance of Contingency in Human-Computer Interaction

A critical determinant of message interactivity is the presence of contingency, that is, the messages we receive are contingent upon the messages we send, leading to a threaded loop of interdependent messages. While this “conversational ideal” is easily achieved in face-to-face and computer-mediated communications (CMC), imbuing contingency in human-computer interaction (HCI) is a challenge. We propose two interface features—interaction history and synchronous chat—for increasing perceptions of contingency, and therefore user engagement. We test it with a five-condition, between-participants experiment (N = 110) on a movie search site. Data suggest that interaction history can indeed heighten perceptions of contingency and dialogue, but is perceived as less interactive than chatting. However, the chat function does not appreciably increase perceived contingency or user engagement, both of which are shown to mediate the effects of message interactivity on attitudes toward the site. Theoretical implications for interactivity research and practical implications for interaction design are discussed.
The differential effect of PD and normal aging on early explicit sequence learning

Background: Motor sequence learning is abnormal in PD. However, it is not known whether this defect is present during the earliest stages of the illness or whether it reflects specific limitations in dividing attention between cognitive and motor requirements. Methods: Fifteen patients with early stage PD and 10 age-matched and 9 younger normal controls moved the right dominant hand on a digitizing tablet to eight targets presented on a screen in synchrony with a tone at 1-second intervals. The tasks were as follows: 1) CCW—a timed-response task where targets appeared in a predictable counterclockwise order; 2) RAN—a reaction time task where targets were random and unpredictable; 3) SEQ—a task with multiple demands emphasizing explicit learning and target anticipation in which subjects learned a sequence while reaching for targets; and 4) VSEQ—subjects learned a visual sequence without moving. Results: CCW and RAN yielded similar results in all groups. In patients with PD, sequence learning was the same in SEQ and VSEQ and was slower compared to both control groups. In older controls, learning was faster in VSEQ than in SEQ, whereas younger controls learned equally fast in both tasks. Conclusions: Despite normal motor execution, the initial phases of sequence learning are impaired in early PD independent of task requirements, possibly reflecting reduced working memory. Learning was slower in older than younger controls only in tasks with multiple demands, presumably due to reduced attentional resources.