Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT AND TIME-VARYING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EATING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT AND TIME-VARYING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EATING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY By: Amy J. Jeffers, B.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2012. Major Director: Eric G. Benotsch, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychology Director, Health Psychology Department of Psychology The obesity epidemic is a significant problem in the United States. It is well established that lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy eating and physical inactivity, are key contributors. These causes are generally voluntary activities and it is important to examine health decision-making with respect to these behaviors. The current study examined timevarying factors of stress and mood and their relationship with healthy eating and physical activity in a sample of undergrads (N = 26). Ecological momentary assessment via one's cell phone was used to collect multiple measurements over six days. Positive mood was found to follow physical activity episodes for up to five hours, and preceded physical activity for up
Child Rearing in America: Meeting the Challenges of New Parenthood: Responsibilities, Advice, and Perceptions

How do American parents respond to the changes involved in becoming a new parent? In this chapter, we consider three main questions: How do parents divide the responsibilities of daily care for the very young child? What different sources do parents use to obtain information and advice about parenting? and How well do parents feel they are handling their parenting responsibilities? All parents who participated in the Commonwealth Fund Survey of Parents with Young Children had a child under the age of three, so all had recently experienced the transition to being a new parent. The data from the Commonwealth Fund survey offer some of the only nationally representative data on these issues and provide a picture of child rearing in American families today. THE CHALLENGE OF NEW PARENTHOOD The transition to parenthood is a life-changing event. New parents are suddenly responsible for the care of a virtually helpless infant, who requires feeding, changing, and soothing 24 hours a day. Caring for a very young child is physically demanding, emotionally intense, and continuous; the transition to being a new parent is therefore both physically and emotionally challenging (Antonucci and Mikus 1998). Lack of sleep alone, part of the lives of all new parents, and often a new experience for them, may affect parents' perceptions of how well they are doing in their new roles and the help or advice they feel they need.
Gene cloning of immunogenic antigens overexpressed in pancreatic cancer.

The serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX) by utilizing a library derived from a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line and IgG antibodies from an allogeneic patient serum led to the identification of 18 genes: 13 of these were known genes, and 5 were unknown genes. In Northern and RT-PCR analyses, we found that the expression of mRNA of 14 genes was elevated in pancreatic cancer cell lines compared with the levels in normal pancreatic tissues. In addition, the expression of mRNA of hsp105 in colon cancer was greater than that in normal colon tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-hsp105 antibody revealed that an increased expression of hsp105 is a characteristic feature of pancreatic ductal and colon adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, hsp105 immunoreactivity in some cases of gastric, esophageal, and hepatocellular carcinoma was much stronger than that in normal corresponding tissues. These molecules identified may provide good diagnostic markers for cancer cells.
Resilient and Vulnerable At-Risk Children

Data from a large representative sample of American kindergarten children were used to examine the role of risk and protective factors involved in vulnerability and resilience as they relate to the development of school-based competence. Better fine motor, gross motor, and interpersonal skills and internalizing behaviors were associated with good outcomes across competence domains, even among children from at-risk backgrounds. Resilient children (higher risk, higher competence) had much in common with their competent peers with no risk factors, including average or better fine and gross motor skills, parental educational expectations, home literacy environment, and social skills and behavior. Results suggest that center-based child care and literacy-rich home environments are tied to competence as well as resilience among at-risk children.
Leading edge vortices in lesser long-nosed bats occurring at slow but not fast flight speeds

Slow and hovering animal flight creates high demands on the lift production of animal wings. Steady state aerodynamics is unable to explain the forces required and the most commonly used mechanism to enhance the lift production is a leading edge vortex (LEV). Although LEVs increase the lift, they come at the cost of high drag. Here we determine the flow above the wing of lesser long-nosed bats at slow and cruising speed using particle image velocimetry (PIV). We find that a prominent LEV is present during the downstroke at slow speed, but not at cruising speed. Comparison with previously published LEV data from a robotic flapper inspired by lesser long-nosed bats suggests that bats should be able to generate LEVs at cruising speeds, but that they avoid doing so, probably to increase flight efficiency. In addition, at slow flight speeds we find LEVs of opposite spin at the inner and outer wing during the upstroke, potentially providing a control challenge to the animal. We also note that the LEV stays attached to the wing throughout the downstoke and does not show the complex structures found in insects. This suggests that bats are able to control the development of the LEV and potential control mechanisms are discussed.
Endocardial versus epicardial differences of intracellular free calcium under normal and ischemic conditions in perfused rat hearts.

Transmural heterogeneity of myocardial metabolism and function are present in the left ventricle under normal and ischemic conditions. To determine if endocardial versus epicardial differences of [Ca2+]i are also present, perfused rat heart studies using indo-1 fluorescence as an index of [Ca2+]i were performed in the left ventricular epicardium and endocardium. Hearts were studied during control conditions and low-flow ischemia. Results demonstrated the following: 1) At a pacing rate of 1.5 Hz, endocardial levels of diastolic and systolic [Ca2+]i (470 +/- 40 and 1,240 +/- 170 nM) were higher than epicardial levels (290 +/- 30 and 920 +/- 150 nM). 2) At a more physiological pacing rate of 5 Hz, endocardial levels of diastolic and systolic [Ca2+]i (680 +/- 50 and 1,230 +/- 70 nM) were also higher than epicardial levels (390 +/- 20 and 950 +/- 60 nM. 3) During low-flow ischemia, endocardial levels of diastolic [Ca2+]i rose to a greater degree (from 680 +/- 50 to 1,050 +/- 70 nM at 10% of control coronary flow) compared with epicardial levels (from 390 +/- 20 to 580 +/- 40 nM at 10% of control flow), suggesting that the endocardium is more susceptible to low-flow ischemia. 4) The amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient was the same at the endocardium (540 +/- 50 nM) and epicardium (560 +/- 50 nM) and did not change during low-flow ischemia, despite marked contractile dysfunction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distribution of acetylcholine and catecholamine neurons in the cat brainstem: A choline acetyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical study

The distribution of acetylcholine neurons in the brainstem of the cat was studied by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry and compared to that of catecholamine neurons examined in the same or adjacent sections by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. The largest group of ChAT‐positive (+) neurons was located in the lateral pontomesencephalic tegmentum within the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus rostrally and within the parabrachial nuclei and locus coeruleus nucleus more caudally. TH+ neurons were found to be coextensive and intermingled with ChAT‐h neurons in the dorsolateral pontomesencephalic tegmentum, where the number of ChAT+ cells (approximately 18,500) exceeded that of the TH+ cells (approximately 12,000). In the caudal pons, scattered ChAT+ neurons were situated in the ventrolateral tegmentum together with TH+ neurons. In the medulla, numerous ChAT+ cells were located in the lateral tegmental field, where they extended in a radial column from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus to the ventrolateral tegmentum around the facial and ambiguus nuclei, occupying the position of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the 7th, 9th, and 10th cranial nerves. TH+ cells were also present in this field. Neurons within the general visceral, special visceral, and somatic motor cranial nerve nuclei were all imrnunoreactive to ChAT. Scattered ChAT+ neurons were also present within the medullary gigantocellular and magnocellular tegmental fields together with a small number of TH+ neurons. Other groups of ChAT+ cells were identified within the periolivary nuclei, parabigeminal nucleus, prepositus hypoglossi nucleus, and the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei. Acetylcholine neurons thus constitute a heterogeneous population of cells in the brainstem, which in addition to including the somatic and visceral efferent systems, comprises many other discrete systems and represents an important component of the brainstem reticular formation. The proximity to and interdigitation with catecholamine neurons within these systems may be of important functional significance.
Serial Position and Rated Importance in the Recall of Text. Technical Report No. 219.

The relationship between a proposition's serial position, its rated importance, and the probability of its appearance in free recall protocols was examined. A total of eight passages were each read and recalled by about 60 sixth‐grade students. It was found that both rated importance and position predict recall. In addition, the quadratic of serial position was a significant predictor, indicating a “recency” effect.
ADOLESCENTS' GENDER TYPICALITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND EXPERIENCES WITH TEASING, BULLYING, AND REJECTION

OF DISSERTATION ADOLESCENTS’ GENDER TYPICALITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND EXPERIENCES WITH TEASING, BULLYING, AND REJECTION The current study examined whether adolescents’ gender-based victimization experiences (i.e., teasing, bullying, and rejection) mediated the association between gender typicality and psychological well-being. The current study also investigated whether daily experiences with the three types of genderbased victimization negatively impacted adolescents’ immediate emotional reactions. Participants were 570 seventh and eighth grade students (49.5% boys, 50.5% girls). During four visits over the course of two weeks, participants completed surveys about their own gender typicality, their psychological wellbeing (i.e., depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and body image), their experiences with gender-based teasing, bullying, and rejection, and their emotional responses to experiencing this victimization. Results indicated that experiences with genderbased teasing, bullying, and rejection mediated the association between gender typicality and psychological well-being. In addition, adolescents with worse initial psychological well-being and who experienced more rejection reported experiencing more negative emotional responses after victimization. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Genetics of type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disorder that is affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Extensive efforts have been made to identify the disease-affecting genes to better understand the disease pathogenesis, find new targets for clinical therapy, and allow prediction of disease. CONTENT Our knowledge about the genes involved in disease pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years, thanks to genomewide association studies and international collaborations joining efforts to collect the huge numbers of individuals needed to study complex diseases on a population level. We have summarized what we have learned so far about the genes that affect T2D risk and their functions. Although more than 40 loci associated with T2D or glycemic traits have been reported and reproduced, only a minor part of the genetic component of the disease has been explained, and the causative variants and affected genes are unknown for many of the loci. SUMMARY Great advances have recently occurred in our understanding of the genetics of T2D, but much remains to be learned about the disease etiology. The genetics of T2D has so far been driven by technology, and we now hope that next-generation sequencing will provide important information on rare variants with stronger effects. Even when variants are known, however, great effort will be required to discover how they affect disease risk.
Characterisation of frozen orange juice by ultrasound and wavelet analysis

Ultrasound technology was used to analyse the freezing behaviour of orange juice. The ultrasonic properties of orange juice, specifically velocity and attenuation coefficient, were characterised as the temperature was decreased from 20 to −50 °C. The results were compared with NMR free induction decay data and correlated with the amount of unfrozen water present in the frozen sample. The velocities of longitudinal waves (P-wave) and shear waves (S-wave) in frozen orange juice were measured, yielding values of around 4000 and 2000 m s−1 respectively. They were related to the amount of unfrozen water in the frozen sample. The elastic moduli of the samples at different temperatures were obtained from the measured ultrasonic velocities. Significant changes in the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves propagated through the frozen sample were observed as a result of ice nucleation and growth. Information about the spectral behaviour of the ultrasound signal was obtained by means of wavelet analysis. The analysis provided a direct measure of the spectral content of the ultrasonic waves over time and showed the variation in the ultrasonic velocity dispersion with temperature. Significant velocity dispersions occurred for frequencies less than 1 MHz. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Exocytosis of vacuolar apical compartment (VAC): a cell-cell contact controlled mechanism for the establishment of the apical plasma membrane domain in epithelial cells

The vacuolar apical compartment (VAC) is an organelle found in Madin- Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with incomplete intercellular contacts by incubation in 5 microM Ca++ and in cells without contacts (single cells in subconfluent culture); characteristically, it displays apical biochemical markers and microvilli and excludes basolateral markers (Vega-Salas, D. E., P. J. I. Salas, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 104:1249-1259). The apical surface of cells kept under these culture conditions is immature, with reduced numbers of microvilli and decreased levels of an apical biochemical marker (184 kD), which is, however, still highly polarized (Vega-Salas, D. E., P. J. I. Salas, D. Gundersen, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 104:905-916). We describe here the morphological stages of VAC exocytosis which ultimately lead to the establishment of a differentiated apical domain. Addition of 1.8 mM Ca++ to monolayers developed in 5 microM Ca++ causes the rapid (20-40 min) fusion of VACs with the plasma membrane and their accessibility to external antibodies, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase EM, and RIA with antibodies against the 184-kD apical plasma membrane marker. Exocytosis occurs towards areas of cell-cell contact in the developing lateral surface where they form intercellular pockets; fusion images are always observed immediately adjacent to the incomplete junctional bands detected by the ZO-1 antibody (Stevenson, B. R., J. D. Siliciano, M. S. Mooseker, and D. A. Goodenough. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:755-766). Blocks of newly incorporated VAC microvilli and 184-kD protein progressively move from intercellular ("primitive" lateral) spaces towards the microvilli-poor free cell surface. The definitive lateral domain is sealed behind these blocks by the growing tight junctional fence. These results demonstrate a fundamental role of cell-cell contact-mediated VAC exocytosis in the establishment of epithelial surface polarity. Because isolated stages (intercellular pockets) of the stereotyped sequence of events triggered by the establishment of intercellular contacts in MDCK cells have been reported during normal differentiation of intestine epithelium (Colony, P. C., and M. R. Neutra. 1983. Dev. Biol. 97:349-363), we speculate that the mechanism we describe here plays an important role in the establishment of epithelial cell polarity in vivo.
Family Psychoeducation for Serious Mental Illness

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Family Interventions in Major Mental Illness: Models and Commonalities 3. Families, Schizophrenia, and Other Major Disorders: Historical Background 4. Theoretical Premises and Research Overviews: The Evidence for Family Psychoeducation 5. Model Research Programs: Family Psychoeducation 6. Early Interventions: Prodromal, Children, and Adolescents 7. Diverse Diagnoses and Special Populations 8. International and Cross-Cultural Studies: Uniformities and Variations 9. Family Education 10. Training and Training Issues 11. Implementation in Services 12. Unresolved Issues in Family Psychoeducation: A Critical Assessment 13. Future Trends in Family Involvement in Treatment References Index
Executive Function Predicts Artificial Language Learning in Children and Adults.

Prior research has established an executive function advantage among bilinguals as compared to monolingual peers. These non-linguistic cognitive advantages are largely assumed to result from the experience of managing two linguistic systems. However, the possibility remains that the relationship between bilingualism and executive function is bidirectional such that experience with two languages improves executive functioning, but also, individuals with better executive function skills are improved language learners. The goal of the current studies was to test whether executive function abilities predict novel artificial language learning outcomes among children and adults. An artificial language was used to simulate the processes involved in natural language learning within a controlled laboratory setting. In Study 1, monolingual preschool children’s executive function was assessed using the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, a visual Simon task, and the Attention Network Test (ANT). Their performance on these tasks was used to predict their success in acquiring expressive and receptive knowledge of a small artificial language system. Study 2 examined how college-age adults’ executive function performance (Wisconsin Card Sort, Simon task, ANT) predicted artificial language learning outcomes. After controlling for working memory and English receptive vocabulary, executive function scores positively predicted children’s receptive vocabulary performance and adults’ ability to produce labels and sentences in the artificial language system. These findings provide initial evidence suggesting that executive function processes may be employed during the early stages of language learning and support the possibility of a bidirectional relationship between executive function and language acquisition.
Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Almost 30 years after it was first described as a discrete clinical entity, the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) remains a challenge for clinicians in a wide range of specialities. There remain ongoing issues regarding nomenclature, the expanding range of clinical manifestations, and management of certain APS patient subgroups. In addition to the presence of appropriate clinical features, the diagnosis of APS also fundamentally requires the finding of positive antiphospholipid antibody test result(s), and unfortunately much still has to be done to improve the robustness, reproducibility, and standardization of these assays. This article discusses ongoing dilemmas and issues related to clinical aspects of APS including (i) the derivation of the current nomenclature and the implications of recent proposals for its revision; (ii) the problems that the protean clinical manifestations pose for many clinicians, in particular those not intimately familiar with APS; (iii) the potential pitfalls of applying the APS classification criteria as diagnostic criteria (although no doubt tempting for nonspecialist clinicians); (iv) the concept of seronegative APS and the effect that recent proposed changes in antiphospholipid antibody testing strategies may have on this diagnosis; and finally (v) an overview of key developments in the clinical management of APS patients over the past 30 years.
The role of injunctive norms in alcohol misuse and drink driving

The aims of this study were to examine descriptive and injunctive normative influences on alcohol misuse and drink/driving. We hypothesized that descriptive norms would predict alcohol misuse and drink/driving, and that this association would be reduced when accounting for injunctive norms and outcome expectations. The sample for this study was 5,464 (49 per cent male), mostly white, US young adults, age 24 years, participating in a longitudinal study of alcohol use and driving, who were interviewed by telephone. Multiple linear regression models were estimated separately by sex. In models predicting alcohol misuse, after adjusting for demographics (i.e., marital status, race, income, parenthood), individuals who perceived their similar-aged peers to use alcohol (both sexes) were more likely to misuse alcohol. These associations were reduced, but remained significant when best friendsr and parentsr attitudes toward drinking and drink/driving, and risk-taking propensity and perceived likelihood of negative consequences of drink/driving (e.g., arrest, injury) were entered into the model. Adjusting for demographics, similar-aged peersr drinking (both sexes) predicted drink/driving. Prediction by these variables was reduced when injunctive norms (parentsr and friendsr attitudes toward drinking and drink/driving) were accounted for, and when outcome expectations and alcohol misuse were introduced into the model. These results suggest that interventions should focus on weakening the influence of descriptive norms on alcohol misuse and drink/driving, while strengthening injunctive norms and outcome expectations that are not supportive of alcohol use and drink/driving.
Learning Privilege: Lessons of Power and Identity in Affluent Schooling

1. Teaching the Affluent 2. Revisioning Privilege 3. In Pursuit of Excellence 4. College-Oriented Desires and Expectations 5. Trust 6. Honoring Traditions 7. Giving Back 8. Outsiders Within 9. Privileged Perceptions of the Subjugated Other 10. Interrupting Privilege. Notes References