Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of NAD+ and ADP-Ribosylation in the Maintenance of the Golgi Structure

We have investigated the role of the ADP- ribosylation induced by brefeldin A (BFA) in the mechanisms controlling the architecture of the Golgi complex. BFA causes the rapid disassembly of this organelle into a network of tubules, prevents the association of coatomer and other proteins to Golgi membranes, and stimulates the ADP-ribosylation of two cytosolic proteins of 38 and 50 kD (GAPDH and BARS-50; De Matteis, M.A., M. DiGirolamo, A. Colanzi, M. Pallas, G. Di Tullio, L.J. McDonald, J. Moss, G. Santini, S. Bannykh, D. Corda, and A. Luini. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1114–1118; Di Girolamo, M., M.G. Silletta, M.A. De Matteis, A. Braca, A. Colanzi, D. Pawlak, M.M. Rasenick, A. Luini, and D. Corda. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:7065–7069). To study the role of ADP-ribosylation, this reaction was inhibited by depletion of NAD+ (the ADP-ribose donor) or by using selective pharmacological blockers in permeabilized cells. In NAD+-depleted cells and in the presence of dialized cytosol, BFA detached coat proteins from Golgi membranes with normal potency but failed to alter the organelle's structure. Readdition of NAD+ triggered Golgi disassembly by BFA. This effect of NAD+ was mimicked by the use of pre–ADP- ribosylated cytosol. The further addition of extracts enriched in native BARS-50 abolished the ability of ADP-ribosylated cytosol to support the effect of BFA. Pharmacological blockers of the BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation (Weigert, R., A. Colanzi, A. Mironov, R. Buccione, C. Cericola, M.G. Sciulli, G. Santini, S. Flati, A. Fusella, J. Donaldson, M. DiGirolamo, D. Corda, M.A. De Matteis, and A. Luini. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:14200–14207) prevented Golgi disassembly by BFA in permeabilized cells. These inhibitors became inactive in the presence of pre–ADP-ribosylated cytosol, and their activity was rescued by supplementing the cytosol with a native BARS-50–enriched fraction. These results indicate that ADP-ribosylation plays a role in the Golgi disassembling activity of BFA, and suggest that the ADP-ribosylated substrates are components of the machinery controlling the structure of the Golgi apparatus.
Burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being among US neurology residents and fellows in 2016

Objective: To study prevalence of and factors contributing to burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being in US neurology residents and fellows. Methods: A total of 938 US American Academy of Neurology member neurology residents and fellows were surveyed using standardized measures of burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being from January 19 to March 21, 2016. Results: Response rate was 37.7% (354/938); about 2/3 of responders were residents and 1/3 were fellows. Median age of participants was 32 years and 51.1% were female. Seventy-three percent of residents and 55% of fellows had at least one symptom of burnout, the difference largely related to higher scores for depersonalization among residents. For residents, greater satisfaction with work–life balance, meaning in work, and older age were associated with lower risk of burnout; for fellows, greater satisfaction with work–life balance and effective support staff were associated with lower risk of burnout. Trainees experiencing burnout were less likely to report career satisfaction. Career satisfaction was more likely among those reporting meaning in work and more likely for those working in the Midwest compared with the Northeast region. Conclusions: Burnout is common in neurology residents and fellows. Lack of work–life balance and lack of meaning in work were associated with reduced career satisfaction and increased risk of burnout. These results should inform approaches to reduce burnout and promote career satisfaction and well-being in US neurology trainees.
High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genome-Wide Linkage Scan for Susceptibility Genes for Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE— Epidemiological and family studies have demonstrated that susceptibility genes play an important role in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy, defined as persistent proteinuria or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— To efficiently search for genomic regions harboring diabetic nephropathy genes, we conducted a scan using 5,382 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms on 100 sibpairs concordant for type 1 diabetes but discordant for diabetic nephropathy. In addition to being powerful for detecting linkage to diabetic nephropathy, this design allows linkage analysis on type 1 diabetes via traditional affected sibpair (ASP) analysis. In weighing the evidence for linkage, we considered maximum logarithm of odds score (maximum likelihood score [MLS]) values and corresponding allelic sharing patterns, calculated and viewed graphically using the software package SPLAT. RESULTS— Our primary finding for diabetic nephropathy, broadly defined, is on chromosome 19q (MLS = 3.1), and a secondary peak exists on chromosome 2q (MLS = 2.1). Stratification of discordant sibpairs based on whether disease had progressed to ESRD suggested four tertiary peaks on chromosome 1q (ESRD only), chromosome 20p (proteinuria only), and chromosome 3q (two loci 58 cm apart, one for ESRD only and another for proteinuria only). Additionally, analysis of 130 ASPs for type 1 diabetes confirmed the linkage to the HLA region on chromosome 6p (MLS = 9.2) and IDDM15 on chromosome 6q (MLS = 3.1). CONCLUSIONS— This study identified several novel loci as candidates for diabetic nephropathy, none of which appear to be the sole genetic determinant of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. In addition, this study confirms two previously reported type 1 diabetes loci.
Circadian rhythm of stroke onset during the month of Ramadan

El‐Mitwalli A, Zaher AA, El Menshawi E. Circadian rhythm of stroke onset during the month of Ramadan. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 97–101. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard.
Post-Traumatic Growth and Resilience among University Students in Baghdad: A Conceptual Study

Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) refers to positive changes in human life elicited by exposures to traumatic events, such as war and terror. The fact that Iraqi university students continue their studies not long after a bomb explosion or deaths of significant others related to the War in 2003 indicated that they possess certain degree of resilience. This study conceptualized the causal relationship between the resilience and the level of PTG among Iraqi university students after being exposed to traumatic events in the form of the War in 2003. Thorough discussion on the previous studies have been done, recommendations on the sampling methods, as well as the instruments, were made. Significance of the empirical research related to this conceptualized relationship is discussed at the end of this paper. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijere.v2i4. 3872
Understanding factors for successful adoption of web 2.0 applications

As social technologies have been extensively taken up by web users, we are still unclear about the factors influencing such a high adoption rate. Although many studies have examined factors affecting consumer adoption of commercial web applications such as e-banking, very few studies have examined factors influencing the adoption Web 2.0 applications. To fill this gap, this study aims to explore some of the factors influencing the adoption of web 2.0 applications. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been employed for designing and conducting an online survey. The findings indicate that usefulness and ease-of-use are significant factors for predicting users’ intentions to adopt Web 2.0 applications, which ultimately influences the actual usage of such technologies.
Spatial and temporal expression of folate‐binding protein 1 (Fbp1) is closely associated with anterior neural tube closure in mice

Periconceptional folate supplementation is widely believed to have significant preventive effects on the production of neural tube defects. Folate‐binding protein 1 (FBP1) is one of the membrane proteins that mediate cellular uptake of folate. Although recent studies suggest that Fbp1 is essential for neural tube closure, the pattern of Fbp1 expression in embryonic tissues has not been examined in detail. To elucidate how Fbp1 contributes to neural tube closure, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Fbp1 in the developing neural folds and tube of mouse embryos by in situ hybridization. Fbp1 showed a distinct expression pattern in the neural folds, which preceded initiation of neural tube closure at the cervical region and the prosencephalic/mesencephalic boundary. Fbp1 expression was mainly localized to the most dorsal regions of the neural folds where fusion was to occur. With proceeding of neural fold fusion, Fbp1 expression extended to the adjacent unfused neural folds. In the rhombencephalon, robust expression of Fbp1 was observed in rhombomere2 (r2) and r6, suggesting its roles in development of neural crest cells. Fbp1 also showed intense expression in the yolk sac, indicating that FBP1 may mediate transferring maternal folate to embryos during neurulation. These findings indicate close association between Fbp1 and anterior neural tube closure. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of geomorphology and land use on stream water quality in southeastern Amazonia

ABSTRACT Water quality in streams is determined by several factors, including geology, topography, climate, and anthropogenic changes. This study aimed to assess the effects of watershed physical, morphology, and precipitation seasonality on the water quality of two streams that supply drinking water to rural settlements and urban areas in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition region. We monitored 16 physico-chemical attributes of water at six different sample locations over three years (2013–2016). Our results indicate that eight of these physico-chemical attributes did not meet the standards for safe drinking water established by Brazilian legislation. Precipitation seasonality, degradation of riparian zones, stream length, and watershed slope were the most important predictors of impaired water quality. Our results highlight the importance of restoring and conserving riparian forests in order to maintain drinking water quality.
Assessing the validity of current mouse genetic models of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses and/or repetitive behavior. OCD is a major cause of disability; however, the genetic factors and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this complex, heterogeneous disorder remain largely unknown. During the past decade, a number of putative mouse genetic models of OCD have been developed for the purpose of studying the neural mechanisms underlying this disorder and developing novel treatments. This review presents and evaluates these experimental preparations to date. Models using knockout or transgenic approaches, as well as those examining variation in genetically diverse populations, are evaluated and discussed.
Adsorption mechanism of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate on carbon blacks by adsorption isotherm and zeta potential determinations

Surfactant solutions were propounded to remove fine and hydrophobic carbon black particles from coal-fired flue gas. The adsorption mechanisms between sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS, an anionic surfactant) and carbon black particles in suspension were investigated. The influence of inorganic salt (NaCl) was also considered. As results showed, hydrophobic interactions contributed to the strong adsorption between SDBS and carbon black particles in the absence of NaCl, and adding NaCl affected the adsorption process. The adsorption amount of SDBS significantly increased when NaCl was added into the SDBS solution; however, when SDBS was in low concentration, the amount of adsorbed SDBS, which was responsible for the shift of zeta potentials, varied little under different concentrations of NaCl. This indicated that the adsorption of SDBS was mainly caused by hydrophobic interaction and Na+ could not change the adsorption of SDBS on adsorption site when SDBS was in low concentration. Moreover, the adsorbed SDBS and Na+ were retained in the Stern layer.
Postmortem verification of MS cortical lesion detection with 3D DIR

Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of 3D double inversion recovery (DIR) MRI for detecting multiple sclerosis (MS) cortical lesions (CLs) using a direct postmortem MRI to histopathology comparison. Methods: Single-slab 3D DIR and 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of 56 matched fresh brain samples from 14 patients with chronic MS were acquired at 1.5 T. The images of both sequences were prospectively scored for CLs in consensus by 3 experienced raters who were blinded to histopathology and clinical data. Next, CLs were identified histopathologically and were scored again on 3D DIR and 3D FLAIR (retrospective scoring). CLs were classified as intracortical or mixed gray matter (GM)–white matter lesions. Deep GM lesions were also scored. False-positive scores were noted and, from this, specificity was calculated. Results: We found a sensitivity for 3D DIR to detect MS CLs of 18%, which is 1.6-fold higher than 3D FLAIR (improves to 37% with retrospective scoring; 2.0-fold higher than 3D FLAIR). We detected mixed GM–white matter lesions with a sensitivity of 83% using 3D DIR (65% sensitivity for 3D FLAIR), which improved to 96% upon retrospective scoring (91% for 3D FLAIR). For purely intracortical lesions, 3D DIR detected more than 2-fold more than 3D FLAIR (improved to >3-fold upon retrospective scoring). The specificity of 3D DIR to MS CLs was found to be 90%. Conclusions: In this postmortem verification study, we have shown that 3D DIR is highly pathologically specific, and more sensitive to CLs than 3D FLAIR in MS.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MANAGEMENT EDUCATION: AN INTERNATIONAL INQUIRY ABOUT THEIR IMPACT ON LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aim of the present study is to provide further insights about the impact of students’ cognitive styles, learning styles, and motivation on learning outcomes in higher education. We studied management and MBA student three business schools in Belgium (n = 244), the US (n = 95), and Canada (n = 78). As hypothesised, the effect of cognitive styles on academic achievement was mediated through the intervening mechanisms of learning styles and motivation. This research contributes to the education and styles literature by investigating the combined impact of individual style differences and intervening mechanisms on student learning outcomes in an international way; and to educational practice in higher education by providing relevant insights to stimulate the design of constructive student-centred learning environments.
Immunity to coccidiosis: genetic influences on lymphocyte and cytokine responses to infection with Eimeria vermiformis in inbred mice

Cellular and cytokine responses to infection with Eimeria vermiformis were compared in BALB/c (resistant) and C57BL/6 (B6‐susceptible) inbred mice. Cellular responses in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) occurred sooner after primary infection in the resistant BALB/c strain. In contrast, proliferative responses occurred earlier after challenge in B6 mice. Resting levels of CD4 + ve and CD8 + ve T‐lymphocytes in the MLN differed between the two strains but the relative numbers of each subset remained relatively constant throughout primary infection. MLN cells taken at intervals after infection were assayed for release of the cytokines IFN‐gamma, IL‐5 and IL‐10 after culture in vitro with the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con‐A) or with parasite antigen. With either stimulus cells from resistant BALB/c mice released IFN‐gamma and IL‐5 earlier after infection than did B6 cells. The strains had a comparable absolute ability to produce IFN‐gamma but BALB/c cells released more IL‐5 than did B6, levels declining, rather than increasing, during primary infection in the latter. Only cells from BALB/c mice released IL‐10 during infection. Cells taken after a secondary infection released relatively little cytokine after pulsing in vitro. These data suggest that the difference in response phenotype between the two strains when infected with E. vermiformis reflect a kinetic, rather than a qualitative, difference in ability to mount protective T‐helper (Th) cell subset responses. No evidence was found for a Th2‐mediated interference with ability to release IFN‐gamma, the cytokine most closely associated with protective immunity.
Patterns of recurrences in carcinoma of alveolus

In India Khaini and tobacco consumption is very high. Health awareness would certainly decrease the advanced presentation of the oral cancers to the clinicians which would help in better control of the disease. A prospective study was carried out in 60 patients of inferior alveolar carcinoma. Preoperative staging evaluation was done with physical examination including indirect laryngoscopy, laboratory studies, OPG, chest x-ray. Patients were evaluated with history and clinical examination at every visit and imaging studies and biopsy were used in case of any suspicious findings at every 2months for 1st year, every 3 months in 2 nd year and 4months in 3 rd year. The recurrence pattern and the factors affecting the recurrence were observed.
The influence of spelling on the production and storage of words with allophonic variants of /h/ in Korean

ABSTRACT This study examined the role of orthography in the production and storage of spoken words. Korean speakers learned novel Korean words with potential variants of /h/, including [ɦ] and ø. They were provided with the same auditory stimuli but with varying exposure to spelling. One group was presented with the letter for ø (), the second group, the letter for [ɦ] (), and the third group, auditory input only. In picture-naming tasks, the participants presented with produced fewer words with [ɦ] than those presented with . In a spelling recall task, the participants who were not exposed to spelling displayed various types of spellings for variants, but after exposure to spelling, they began to produce spellings as provided in the task. These results suggest that orthographic information influences the production of words via an offline restructuring of the phonological representation.
The University of New South Wales Extrasolar Planet Search: a catalogue of variable stars from fields observed between 2004 and 2007

We present a new catalogue of variable stars compiled from data taken for the University of New South Wales Extrasolar Planet Search. From 2004 October to 2007 May, 25 target fields were each observed for 1‐4 months, resulting in � 87000 high precision light curves with 1600‐4400 data points. We have extracted a total of 850 variable light curves, 659 of which do not have a counterpart in either the General Catalog of Variable Stars, the New Suspected Variables catalogue or the All Sky Automated Survey southern variable star catalogue. The catalogue is detailed here, and includes 142 Algol-type eclipsing binaries, 23 β Lyraetype eclipsing binaries, 218 contact eclipsing binaries, 5 3 RR Lyrae stars, 26 Cepheid stars, 13 rotationally variable active stars, 153 uncategorised p ulsating stars with periods 10 d. As a general application of variable stars discovered by extra solar planet transit search projects, we discuss several astrophysical problems which could benefit from carefully selected samples of bright variables. These include: (i) the quest for contact binaries with the smallest mass ratio, which could be used to test theories of binary mergers; (ii) detached eclipsing binaries with pre-main-sequence components, which are important test objects for calibrating stellar evolutionary models; and (iii) RR Lyrae-type pulsating stars exhibiting the Blazhko-effect, which is one of the last great mysteries of pulsating star res earch.
Is sympathetic neural vasoconstriction blunted in the vascular bed of exercising human muscle?

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of muscle vascular beds is important in the regulation of systemic blood pressure. However, vasoconstriction during exercise can also compromise blood flow support of muscle metabolism. This study tested the hypothesis that local factors in exercising muscle blunt vessel responsiveness to sympathetic vasoconstriction. We performed selective infusions of three doses of tyramine into the brachial artery (n= 8) to evoke endogenous release of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) at rest and during moderate and heavy rhythmic handgrip exercise. In separate experiments, tyramine was administered during two doses of adenosine infusion (n= 7) and two doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion (n= 8). Vasoconstrictor effectiveness across conditions was assessed as the percentage reduction in forearm vascular conductance (FVC), calculated from invasive blood pressure and non‐invasive Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements at the brachial artery. Tyramine evoked a similar dose‐dependent vasoconstriction at rest in all three groups, with the highest dose resulting in a 42‐46 % reduction in FVC. This vasoconstriction was blunted with increasing exercise intensity (e.g. tyramine high dose percentage reduction in FVC; rest −43.4 ± 3.7 %, moderate exercise −27.5 ± 2.3 %, heavy exercise −16.7 ± 3.6 %; P < 0.05). In contrast, tyramine infusion resulted in a greater percentage reduction in FVC during both doses of adenosine vs. rest (P < 0.05). Finally, percentage change in FVC was greater during low dose SNP infusion vs. rest (P < 0.05), but not different from rest at the high dose of SNP infusion (P= 0.507). A blunted percentage reduction in FVC during endogenous noradrenaline release in exercise but not vasodilator infusion indicates that sympathetic vasoconstriction is blunted in exercising muscle. This blunting appears to be exercise intensity‐dependent.
Thermodynamics of an Accretion Disk Annulus with Comparable Radiation and Gas Pressure

We explore the thermodynamic and global structural properties of a local patch of an accretion disk whose parameters were chosen so that radiation pressure and gas pressure would be comparable in magnitude. Heating, radiative transport, and cooling are computed self-consistently with the structure by solving the equations of radiation magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the shearing-box approximation. Using a fully three-dimensional and energy-conserving code, we compute the structure and energy balance of this disk segment over a span of more than 40 cooling times. As is also true when gas pressure dominates, the disk's upper atmosphere is magnetically supported. However, unlike the gas-dominated case, no steady state is reached; instead, the total (i.e., radiation plus gas) energy content fluctuates by factors of 3-4 over timescales of several tens of orbits, with no secular trend. Because the radiation pressure varies much more than the gas pressure, the ratio of radiation pressure to gas pressure varies over the range ≃0.5-2. The volume-integrated dissipation rate generally increases with increasing total energy, but the mean trend is somewhat slower than linear, and the instantaneous dissipation rate is often a factor of 2 larger or smaller than the mean for that total energy level. Locally, the dissipation rate per unit volume scales approximately in proportion to the current density; the time-averaged dissipation rate per unit mass is proportional to m-1/2, where m is the horizontally averaged mass column density to the nearer of the top or bottom surface. As in our earlier study of a gas-dominated shearing box, we find that energy transport is completely dominated by radiative diffusion, with Poynting flux carrying less than 1% of the energy lost from the box.