Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Teaching and Teacher Research: The Issues That Divide

Neither interpretive nor process-product classroom research has foregrounded the teacher's role in the generation of knowledge about teaching. What is missing from the knowledge base for teaching, therefore, are the voices of the teachers themselves, the questions teachers ask, the ways teachers use writing and intentional talk in their work lives, and the interpretive frames teachers use to understand and improve their own classroom practices. Limiting the official knowledge base for teaching to what academics have chosen to study and write about has contributed to a number of problems, including discontinuity between what is taught in universities and what is taught in classrooms, teachers' ambivalence about the claims of academic research, and a general lack of information about classroom life from a truly emic perspective. This article proposes that teacher research has the potential to provide this perspective; however, several critical issues divide teacher research from research on teaching and make it difficult for the university-based community to acknowledge its potential. The article also proposes that in order to encourage teacher research, the educational community will need to address incentives for teachers, the creation and maintenance of supportive networks, the reform of organizational patterns in schools, and the hierarchical power relationships that characterize much of schooling.
Neuronal metabolic changes in the cortical region after subcortical infarction: a proton MR spectroscopy study

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect neuronal metabolic changes in the cortical region in patients with cortical dysfunction after subcortical infarction. METHODS Fifteen patients with subcortical large (diameter⩾20 mm) infarcts were studied; nine patients with cortical dysfunction (group A), and six without (group B). Seven patients with lacunar infarction served as controls. Infarct volume was measured on T2 weighted images with an image analyser. 1H MRS data were obtained in three regions; high signal intensity area on T2 weighted image, overlying cortex with a normal T2 MRI appearance, and contralateral homologous cortical region. RESULTS Infarct volume was not different between groups A and B. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr) ratios in the cortical region overlying subcortical infarcts in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and the control group (p=0.002). The NAA/Cr ratios in the overlying cortex were significantly lower than those in the contralateral normal cortex in group A on the initial (p=0.015) and follow up (p=0.028) 1H MRS, but these differences were not found in group B and the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results support the idea that the cerebral cortex is a responsible location for cortical dysfunction after subcortical infarctions.1H MRS can be used as a sensitive method for the detection of a neuronal metabolic damage, which is not demonstrated by conventional MRI.
Does Interactive Media Enhance the Management of Stress? Suggestions from a Controlled Study

The relationship between interactive media and stress has gained wide interest in the mental health area. In our research, we found that interactive experiences helped people manage their stress. By combining different techniques, which may produce more significant outcomes than single-strategy programs, we developed a stress management protocol to increase self-awareness, to control and relax oneself, induce positive emotions, and substitute negative emotions. Our stress management protocol was tested in a controlled study comparing three interactive experiences (virtual reality [VR], video, and audio). Results showed the efficacy of all three interactive experiences in inducing positive emotions and integrating different approaches to manage stress. In particular, VR showed better improvements related to the psycho-physiological changes. Implications of the results for worldwide healthcare services will be discussed.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Self-Control in Action : Implicit Dispositions Toward Goals and Away From Temptations

Five studies examined whether, in self-control dilemmas, individuals develop an implicit disposition to approach goals and avoid temptations, psychologically as well as physically. Using a method developed by A. K. Solarz (1960; see also K. L. Duckworth, J. A. Bargh, M. Garcia, & S. Chaiken, 2002), the authors assessed the time for pulling and pushing a lever in response to goaland temptation-related stimuli (e.g., studying and partying). The results show that individuals offset the influence of tempting activities by automatically avoiding these stimuli (faster pushing responses) and by approaching stimuli related to an overarching goal (faster pulling responses). These implicit self-control dispositions varied as a function of the magnitude of the self-control conflict, itself defined by how strongly individuals were attracted to temptations and held the longer term goal. These dispositions were further shown to play a role in successful self-control.
A study of morphological pre-processing approaches for Track-Before-Detect dim target detection

The track-before-detect processing technique has been employed in numerous computer vision based algorithms addressing the dim target detection problem. This processing technique has been shown to be effective under certain conditions; but in particularly noisy or highly cluttered environments, detection performance may be improved by introducing an image preprocessing stage to enhance the raw sensor measurements prior to integration. In this paper, we compare the 'Close-Minus-Open' (CMO) and 'Preserved-Sign' (PS) morphological image preprocessing techniques for suppressing unwanted noise and emphasising target features in the measurement images. This investigation is motivated by the unmanned aerial vehicle "sense-and-avoid" application, where morphology-based filters have demonstrated a degree of success in the detection of small pointlike features that may correspond to collision-course aircraft. For completeness, we also briefly examine two well published track-before-detect temporal filtering techniques which may be combined with the morphological pre-processing to detect dim, sub-pixel sized targets. Results from our simulation studies show that the PS approach achieves a higher detection rate than the CMO approach.
Signal Crimes and Signal Policing

A pilot study was conducted which suggests that ‘signal policing’ should be placed alongside ‘signal crimes' as inducing perception of local problems, with onlooker inferences about reasons for police vehicle attendance at a home varying according to dwelling type. Speculation is entered that onlookers will take the presence of police vehicles to suggest confrontation with residents most often in high crime areas. A research programme leading to a more nuanced approach to reassurance policing is recommended.
Small cardioactive peptide gene: structure, expression and mass spectrometric analysis reveals a complex pattern of co‐transmitters in a snail feeding neuron

The small cardioactive peptides (SCPs) are an important group of neural cotransmitters in molluscs where they are known to play both central and peripheral modulatory roles in the control of feeding behaviour. Here we show that in the snail Lymnaea the SCP gene exists in one interrupted copy that produces a single species of transcript which encodes a prepropeptide containing two structurally related SCPs SGYLAFPRMamide (SCPA) and pQNYLAFPRMamide (SCPB). In situ hybridization was used to localize expression specifically to the soma of several types of motoneurons in the feeding system of Lymnaea, including the giant B2 foregut motoneurons. The peptide content of individual B2 cell bodies was analysed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and the structures of the SCPs predicted from the cloned gene were confirmed in these cells by post‐source decay fragmentation analysis. Identical stimulatory activity for the two SCP peptides was demonstrated by their application to the isolated foregut, suggesting that their co‐release from the B2 cells may play an important part in the co‐modulation of gut motility, together with acetylcholine and the myomodulin family of peptides.
A Preliminary Examination of Trauma History, Locus of Control, and PTSD Symptom Severity in African American Women

Prior research has established a relationship between external locus of control and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity among Caucasians. There is also evidence that African Americans tend to exhibit an elevated external locus of control. However, the relationship between external control and PTSD symptom severity has not been examined among African American women. Using a sample of African American adult female volunteers who self-reported a history of child abuse and/or sexual or physical assault in adulthood, the present study sought to examine the relationships between trauma history, locus of control, and PTSD symptom severity. Participants in the child/adult trauma group reported fewer PTSD symptoms than those with a history of adult trauma only. Contrary to expectations, however, trauma history was not related to locus of control in this sample of African American women. It is possible that factors associated with African American socialization may serve as a buffer to the development or maintenance of PTSD.
Overexpression of GOLPH3 Promotes Proliferation and Tumorigenicity in Breast Cancer via Suppression of the FOXO1 Transcription Factor

Purpose: Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in various biologic processes. The clinical significance and biologic role of GOLPH3 in breast cancer, however, remains unknown. Experimental Design: Expression of GOLPH3 in normal breast cells, breast cancer cells, and 6-paired breast cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues were quantified using real-time PCR and Western blotting. GOLPH3 protein expression was analyzed in 258 archived, paraffin-embedded breast cancer samples using immunohistochemistry. The role of GOLPH3 in breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity was explored in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting and luciferase reporter analyses were used to investigate the effect of GOLPH3 overexpression and silencing on the expression of cell-cycle regulators and FOXO1 transcriptional activity. Results: GOLPH3 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues compared with normal cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression of GOLPH3 in 133 of 258 (51.6%) breast cancer specimens. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of GOLPH3 expression with advanced clinical stage and poorer survival. Overexpression and ablation of GOLPH3 promoted and inhibited, respectively, the proliferation and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. GOLPH3 overexpression enhanced AKT activity and decreased FOXO1 transcriptional activity, downregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2, and upregulated the CDK regulator cyclin D1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that high GOLPH3 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with breast cancer and that GOLPH3 overexpression increases the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4059–69. ©2012 AACR.
Examining the impact of privacy, Security, and trust on the TAM and TTF models for e-commerce consumers: A pilot study

This paper examines the impact of privacy, security, and trust (PST) on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model for consumers of e-commerce. The findings of this pilot study were drawn by designing a structural equation model (SEM) on the impact of privacy, security, and trust (PST) on TAM and TTF models for consumers of e-commerce. The population for this pilot study was university academics and the data was analyzed using SPSS and WarpPLS software. Findings indicate that privacy has a significant influence on perceived usefulness, while Security and trust, have a significant influence on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Moreover, perceived usefulness has a significant influence on the behavioral intention to use, which in turn has a significant influence on the actual use. Similarly, the TTF model has a significant influence on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, but it does not have an influence on the behavioral intention to use.
7: Toward Comprehension of Curricular Realities

This chapter reviews research on the curriculum for elementary and secondary education published in English during the period 1969-1975. Studies of particular curricula such as those for mathematics, social studies, the visually handicapped, the disadvantaged, and the like have been excluded from consideration for practical reasons: The volume of this literature is too great, and the literature is too scattered to permit a comprehensive review in the time and space available. Evaluation studies of particular curricula have been excluded for the same reason. The studies to be surveyed, therefore, have in common some sort of generality with regard to curricular elements; they all seek an understanding of curricula in general which transcends the characteristics of any single curriculum. All work concerned with curriculum matters must somehow cope with the fact that there is no consensus on just which matters are curricular and which are not, which are centrally curricular and which are only peripherally so. I have chosen to let those who have identified their work with the term "curriculum" define the initial boundaries of that term for this review. If an author
Feature Extraction and Classification of EHG between Pregnancy and Labour Group Using Hilbert-Huang Transform and Extreme Learning Machine

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity, which results in significant health and economic problems. The early detection of PTB has great significance for its prevention. The electrohysterogram (EHG) related to uterine contraction is a noninvasive, real-time, and automatic novel technology which can be used to detect, diagnose, or predict PTB. This paper presents a method for feature extraction and classification of EHG between pregnancy and labour group, based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and extreme learning machine (ELM). For each sample, each channel was decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Then, the Hilbert transform was applied to IMF to obtain analytic function. The maximum amplitude of analytic function was extracted as feature. The identification model was constructed based on ELM. Experimental results reveal that the best classification performance of the proposed method can reach an accuracy of 88.00%, a sensitivity of 91.30%, and a specificity of 85.19%. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is 0.88. Finally, experimental results indicate that the method developed in this work could be effective in the classification of EHG between pregnancy and labour group.
Social Construction of Skill

Conventional definitions of skill have been challenged by comparable worth. The pressures that contribute to simple definitions of skill are uncovered through an identification of the major sources of gender bias in job evaluation systems. Actual pay equity initiatives are examined to highlight the conflictual process by which new definitions of skill are socially constructed or blocked through political action. Research on comparable worth offers a unique opportunity to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the power relations that maintain the gendered character of the labor market.
A multicenter double-blind comparison of nefazodone and paroxetine in the treatment of outpatients with moderate-to-severe depression.

BACKGROUND The efficacy, safety, and tolerance of nefazodone and paroxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients were compared in a randomized, double-blind parallel group study at 20 centers in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. METHOD The study population comprised 206 outpatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for a moderate-to-severe nonpsychotic major depressive episode. Patients considered to be at serious risk of suicide were excluded from participation in the study. After a drug-free baseline phase of 1 to 4 weeks, patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either nefazodone or paroxetine. Outcome measures for efficacy included the Clinical Global Impressions scales, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and Patient Global Assessment scale. Tolerance and safety were assessed using spontaneously reported adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory investigations. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in clinical outcome. Analysis of the efficacy measures revealed a consistent and continuous improvement in both groups. A similar proportion of patients in each group discontinued treatment owing to adverse events: 15 (14%) in the nefazodone group and 13 (13%) in the paroxetine group. CONCLUSION Nefazodone and paroxetine have similar efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of outpatients with major depression.
Cognitive Processes Involved in Similarity Judgments of Emotions

This article challenges the prevailing, semantic view of the cognitive processes underlying similarity judgments of emotions, which assumes that these judgments are based on a property comparison process. An alternative view is proposed, according to which judgments of emotion similarity reflect impressions of the degree of co-occurrence of emotions in everyday life. This episodic model of similarity judgments was compared in 2 studies with the main existing elaborations of the semantic view, the dimensional model and the feature model. Results were best in line with the episodic model. Study 1 revealed asymmetries in directional similarity judgments that were systematically related to episodic information (i.e., the frequency of emotions) but unrelated to semantic information (i.e., number of features of the emotion concepts). Study 2 replicated the central findings of Study 1 and showed that they held good at the level of individual participants. Findings add to other recent evidence supporting the episodic model of similarity judgments of emotions.
Independent Christian schools and pupil values: an empirical investigation among 13–15‐year‐old boys

Nineteen independent Christian schools participated in the teenage religion and values survey, contributing to the overall database of nearly 34,000 Year 9 and Year 10 pupils. The present analysis demonstrates that 13–15‐year‐old boys educated within independent Christian schools display a distinctive values profile, in comparison with pupils educated in state maintained non‐denominational schools.
Myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) in two interrelated families

The clinical and laboratory findings are presented of three patients (two affected sisters and their male cousin) with myophosphorylase deficiency in two interrelated families. Nine unaffected relatives were also investigated. Although the three patients demonstrated the characteristic features of the disease, their unaffected relatives showed no clear evidence of a heterozygous state. The genetic findings support the hypothesis that the disease is inherited as a rare autosomal recessive. A possible sex-limited mode of inheritance is discussed.
Field-Based Usability Evaluation Methodology for Mobile Geo-Applications

Abstract An important aspect of a Dutch research project into usable (and well scaled) mobile maps for consumers is presented: the development of an appropriate field-based usability evaluation methodology for the prototype of a geo-mobile application that will be the result of a user centred design approach. Automatic generalisation, required for the user's orientation in space, but also for progressive data transfer, will be an important aspect of the prototype. What is reported here is an effective and technically unique user research methodology, based on a combination of video observation, thinking aloud and semi-structured interviewing. The experiments that have led to this outcome revealed some interesting usability issues that deserve further investigation.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Egyptian Strains Isolated from 2006 to 2008 Indicates Heterogeneity with Multiple Distinct Sublineages

Abstract The Eurasian-lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus caused widespread outbreaks in Egypt in 2006 and eventually become enzootic in poultry. Although outbreaks have a seasonal pattern, with most occurring during the cooler winter months, it remains unclear whether this seasonality reflects virus maintenance within Egypt or yearly introductions of the virus into the country. To evaluate the epidemiology of H5N1 HPAI in Egypt, sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of selected Egyptian isolates from early 2006 to 2008 was conducted. The data from this study identifies distinct genetic markers in both HA and NA genes and suggests grouping Egyptian isolates into two major HA isolate sublineages from 2006 to 2008 and into three smaller, emergent subgroups. The NA phylogenetic and sequence analysis showed a similar pattern, except that two of the emergent groups from the HA phylogenetic tree clustered together, evidence of likely reassortment. The different subgroups did not appear to segregate by relation to the date of isolation, to the species of origin, nor to the geographic location of the viruses. The conclusion is that H5N1 is continuing to mutate with multiple heterogenic strains persisting in Egypt.
The Effect of Gender and Age Differences on the Recognition of Emotions from Facial Expressions

Recent studies have demonstrated gender and cultural differences in the recognition of emotions in facial expressions. However, most studies were conducted on American subjects. In this paper, we explore the generalizability of several findings to a non-American culture in the form of Danish subjects. We conduct an emotion recognition task followed by two stereotype questionnaires with different genders and age groups. While recent findings (Krems et al., 2015) suggest that women are biased to see anger in neutral facial expressions posed by females, in our sample both genders assign higher ratings of anger to all emotions expressed by females. Furthermore, we demonstrate an effect of gender on the fear-surprise-confusion observed by Tomkins and McCarter (1964); females overpredict fear, while males overpredict surprise.