Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault tolerant control with disturbance estimator for a class of linear parameter varying systems subject to time-varying fault

This paper proposes a sliding-mode control (SMC) scheme for a class of linear parameter varying (LPV) systems subject to a loss of control effectiveness and external disturbance. The LPV model is transformed into the non-LPV model representation. The updating law for unknown time-varying fault and the disturbance estimator are designed. The novel sliding-mode fault tolerant control (FTC) law is presented by using estimated fault and estimated disturbance to compensate the effects of faults in both cases: the known and the partial known system matrices. The stability analysis of closed-loop system is performed on the Lyapunov theory. The main advantage of the proposed method is to circumvent solving on-line parameter-dependent nonlinear matrix inequalities, also to adapt to the changes of unknown parameter. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated by means of the simulation examples.
Speech as a Biomarker for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder, responsible for a decrease of people’s quality of life, and significant morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. OSA is caused by anatomical and functional alterations in the upper airways, thus we hypothesize that the speech properties of OSA patients are altered, making it possible to detect OSA through voice analysis. To address this hypothesis, we collected speech recordings from 25 OSA subjects and 20 controls, designed a feature set, and compared different machine learning algorithms for binary classification. We achieved a True-Positive-Rate of 88% and a True-Negative-Rate of 80% with a majority vote ensemble of SVM, LDA and kNN classifiers. These results were validated with in-the-wild data acquired from Youtube. Moreover, the negative impact of sleep disorders on working memory was also shown by the results obtained in one of the recorded verbal tasks.
Epidemiology OF Prevalent Cancers In Khorasan Razavi province In 2008

Introduction Cancers are major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. They are among top three causes of mortality in developed and developing countries including Iran. Epidemiology of cancer in different regions is affected by ethnicity, age, gender, cultural and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to investigate epidemiology of various cancers in Khorasan Razavi province of Iran in 2008. Â Â Materials and Methods This descriptive and cross-sectional studyused the Khorasan Razavi cancer registry data which is a branch of Iranian National Cancer Registry. After censoring nonresidents and repeated cases, 5617 patients were investigated. Age standardized rates (ASR) and frequency of different cancers according to gender and incident rate in different age groups were calculated using SPSS V. 18. Results Â Â Of total 5617 recorded cases in 2008, 44.6 were female and 55.4 were male. Average age in male and female patients was 57.1 yearsÂ± 18.5 and 61 yearsÂ±18.5 respectively. ASR was 167.5/105 and 133.0/105 in males and females respectively. The most prevalent cancers in this province for both genders were skin cancer (12.7), stomach cancer (15.9), breast cancer (9.5), esophageal cancer (9.2) and colorectal cancer (7.4). Conclusion: There was a large variation in mortality and prevalence of various cancers in Khorasan Razavi province. A significant difference was also existed between different cities of the province, which might be due to different quality of collecting data. Further studies were needed to investigate the trend of these cancers. Acknowledgements: we Acknowledge Khorasan RazaviÂ Cancer registry staff for providing the data. This is no conflict of interest
IN VITRO LABELING OF RNA IN ISOLATED NUCLEOLI OF THE WALKER TUMOR AND LIVER.

Summary Isolated tumor and liver nucleoli were found to incorporate ATP-8-C14, UTP-2-C14, GTP-8-C14, and CTP-2-C14 into RNA. Optimal activity required the presence of all four nucleotide triphosphates and Mg++. At low concentrations, Mn++ stimulated the labeling, but high concentrations of Mn++ inhibited the reaction. Mercaptoethanol was also required for the optimal activity. The pH optimum was 8.2 for both tumor and liver nucleoli. Maximum incorporation of isotope into RNA was found at 15–30 minutes after the incubation was begun. The reactions were DNA-dependent, as shown by sensitivity to actinomycin D. Evidence for internucleotide incorporation of ATP-P32 was obtained by analysis of P32 distribution into nucleotide monophosphates after alkaline hydrolysis of the RNA. The nearest neighbor frequency of the AMP moiety of labeled nucleolar RNA was determined with the aid of ATP-P32 and was found to differ in the liver and the Walker tumor.
Reliability Impact of Chalcogenide-Structure Relaxation in Phase-Change Memory (PCM) Cells—Part II: Physics-Based Modeling

Phase-change memory (PCM) cells are affected by structural relaxation (SR), which is the atomic-scale rearrangement of the amorphous phase of the chalcogenide material. Since SR affects the stability of electrical parameters of the PCM cell, such as resistance and threshold voltage, physics-based models for SR are necessary to analyze and predict the device reliability. This paper presents a physical model for SR in amorphous chalcogenide materials, linking the defect annihilation dynamics to the conduction behavior of the cell, hence to the electrical characteristics of the PCM cell. The model is able to predict the PCM cell characteristics as a function of annealing time, temperature, and read conditions.
Analysis of Survival in Very Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection

Goals, Background The Barcelona-Clinic-Liver-Cancer staging system recommended liver resection only for patients with “very early stage HCC. ” Liver transplantation was suggested for patients with “early stage HCC” without associated diseases when liver transplantation is always associated with organ shortage. We hypothesized that patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) might have comparable survival rate as that with the very early HCC after the surgical treatment if they were spared from early recurrence (ER) defined as tumor recurrence within 1 year after the curative resection. The aim of this study was to validate this hypothesis and to identify preoperative risk factors for ER in early HCC patients after the surgical resection. Method The medical records of 194 patients, who underwent surgical resection of HCC, were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred eighty-two patients with either very early or early HCC were included in the final analysis. Results The overall survival (OS) rate of very early HCC was significantly longer than that of early HCC after the surgery. However, if the patients with ER were removed, there was no statistically significant difference in OS rate between very early and early HCC where the 3 years OS rates were 91.3 and 86.1%, respectively (P=0.451). Cox proportional hazard model showed that HCC nodule with hyperattenuation in arterial phase, and which lack encapsulation had a risk of ER. Conclusion Early HCC without hyperattenuation on arterial phase and with tumor encapsulation might be expected to have comparable outcome with very early HCC after the surgical resection.
Neurostream: Scalable and Energy Efficient Deep Learning with Smart Memory Cubes

High-performance computing systems are moving towards 2.5D and 3D memory hierarchies, based on High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) to mitigate the main memory bottlenecks. This trend is also creating new opportunities to revisit near-memory computation. In this paper, we propose a flexible processor-in-memory (PIM) solution for scalable and energy-efficient execution of deep convolutional networks (ConvNets), one of the fastest-growing workloads for servers and high-end embedded systems. Our co-design approach consists of a network of Smart Memory Cubes (modular extensions to the standard HMC) each augmented with a many-core PIM platform called NeuroCluster. NeuroClusters have a modular design based on NeuroStream coprocessors (for Convolution-intensive computations) and general-purpose RISC-V cores. In addition, a DRAM-friendly tiling mechanism and a scalable computation paradigm are presented to efficiently harness this computational capability with a very low programming effort. NeuroCluster occupies only 8 percent of the total logic-base (LoB) die area in a standard HMC and achieves an average performance of 240 GFLOPS for complete execution of full-featured state-of-the-art (SoA) ConvNets within a power budget of 2.5 W. Overall 11 W is consumed in a single SMC device, with 22.5 GFLOPS/W energy-efficiency which is 3.5X better than the best GPU implementations in similar technologies. The minor increase in system-level power and the negligible area increase make our PIM system a cost-effective and energy efficient solution, easily scalable to 955 GFLOPS with a small network of just four SMCs.
Meningococcal conjugate vaccines

Disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is associated with high mortality rates and significant sequelae. Polysaccharide meningococcal vaccines have been available for > 20 years, and have been used in travellers to control outbreaks, and in some countries for adolescents entering college, although they provide only a short duration of immunity and do not produce a herd effect. Monovalent and quadrivalent (A, C, Y, W-135) meningococcal conjugate vaccines have recently been licensed and endorsed for use in infants, children, adolescents and adults in various countries. Among the key features of the new meningococcal conjugate vaccines are stimulation of both B cell-dependent and T cell-dependent immune responses, induction of immunological memory and booster effects, longer-term protection, reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of N. meningitidis, and herd immunity. Large, randomised, double-blind studies in adults, adolescents, children and infants have demonstrated the immunogenicity and safety of the new meningococcal conjugate vaccine formulations.
Klebsiella pneumonia, a Microorganism that Approves the Non-linear Responses to Antibiotics and Window Theory after Exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Radiofrequency Radiation

Background Drug resistance is widely believed to be an increasingly serious threat to global public health. We have previously reported that short term exposure of microorganisms to diagnostic ultrasound waves could significantly alter their sensitivity to antibiotics. In our previous studies, Klebsiella pneumoniae showed major differences in the sensitivity to antibiotics in exposed and non-exposed samples. This study was aimed at investigating the alteration of antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia, after exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation. Materials and Methods In this in vitro study, three replicate agar plates were used for each test. The antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates and the inhibition zones in both control and exposed groups were measured. A common Wi-Fi router was used in this study as the radiofrequency exposure source. Irradiated samples were exposed to Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation for 3, 4.5 and 8 hours. Results Statistically significant variations of sensitivity to antibiotics were found for all studied antibiotics after 4.5 hours of RF exposure, compared to non-exposed bacteria. Interestingly, the mean diameters of the inhibition zones after 3 hours of exposure were less than those exposed for 4.5 hours. Following this rise in the sensitivity to antibiotics, a fall was observed in the bacteria exposed for 8 hours for all studied antibiotics. Conclusion The findings of this study show a statistically significant rise in the sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae to different antibiotics after 4.5 hours of exposure to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation, followed by a fall after 8 hours of exposure. These observations can be interpreted by the concept of non-linearity in the responses of Klebsiella pneumoniae to different antibiotics after exposure to electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation. As in this study a minimum level of effect was needed for the induction of adaptive response, these results also confirm the validity of the so-called “window theory”.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Goats in Shillong, Meghalaya, India

A study was conducted regarding the level of burden of gastrointestinal Parasites in goat slaughtered for human consumption in Shillong, Meghalaya during June,2001 to June,2006. A total of 250 gastrointestinal tract were examined for adult parasites . The intensity of parasitic infection was recorded maximum in rainy season and least during winter. The parasite recorded was O. venulosum, O. columbianum, Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalu, Trichuris species, Trichostrongylus colubriformis ,Moniezia expansa ,Moniezia benedeni , Gaigeria pachysalis, Amphistom species. One of the interesting finding was the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus in reticulum in 76.8% cases.
Usefulness of erythrocyte-bound C4d as a biomarker to predict disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE SLE is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal complement activation. Numerous new biomarkers have recently been used to diagnose or monitor disease activity in patients with SLE. We checked the levels of erythrocyte-bound C4d (E-C4d), an activation-derived fragment of C4 that is deposited on the erythrocytes, under different conditions of SLE in order to correlate these levels with disease activity. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of three groups of patients: (i) 63 patients with SLE; (ii) 43 patients with other diseases; and (iii) 26 healthy controls. Erythrocytes were analysed by flow cytometry to determine the levels of E-C4d. RESULTS We found a significant elevation in the mean levels of E-C4d in SLE patients compared with patients with other diseases or healthy controls. In SLE patients, the levels of E-C4d were correlated with the SLEDAI and inversely correlated with serum C3/C4 levels. In the subgroup of SLE patients with haemolytic anaemia (HA), a significantly higher level of E-C4d was observed than that in SLE patients without HA. However, in SLE patients with HA, there was no correlation between the levels of E-C4d and other markers of disease activity, including SLEDAI and levels of anti-dsDNA, C3 and C4. CONCLUSION E-C4d levels are useful diagnostic markers for SLE and can serve as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with SLE. However, E-C4d is of limited value in monitoring disease activity in SLE patients with HA.
Select Nutrients in the Ovine Uterine Lumen. III. Cationic Amino Acid Transporters in the Ovine Uterus and Peri-Implantation Conceptuses1

Abstract Arginine is an essential amino acid for conceptus (embryo/fetus and trophoblast/placenta) growth and development; however, the mechanisms for arginine transport into the uterine lumen and uptake by conceptuses are largely unknown. In this study, expression of System y+ (SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC7A3) cationic amino acid transporters in uteri of cyclic and pregnant ewes and conceptuses was studied, and effects of pregnancy, progesterone (P4), and interferon tau (IFNT) on their expression were investigated. SLC7A1 mRNA was most abundant in endometrial luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia on Day 16 of the estrous cycle and on Days 16–20 of pregnancy, whereas SLC7A2 mRNA was most abundant in LE and mid to deep glandular (GE) epithelia on Days 14–20 of gestation. Expression of SLC7A1 and SLC7A2 was enhanced in pregnant ewes in a cell-specific manner, but abundance of SLC7A3 was not affected by day of the estrous cycle or by pregnancy status. SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC7A3 mRNAs were expressed in trophectoderm and endoderm of conceptuses. In ovariectomized ewes, short-term treatment of ewes with P4 and IFNT did not affect endometrial SLC7A1 mRNA, while long-term treatment with P4 stimulated SLC7A1 in LE and GE, and IFNT tended to increase SLC7A1 abundance in LE. SLC7A2 mRNA abundance increased 4.1-fold in response to short-term P4 treatment and an additional 1.7-fold by IFNT primarily in endometrial LE/sGE, and these effects were ablated by a P4 receptor antagonist. These results indicate that coordinate changes in SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC7A3 expression in uterine endometria and conceptuses are likely important in transport of arginine that is critical to conceptus growth, development, and survival.
Phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory activity of the roots of Mangifera indica L. in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages

This study deals with the identification of secondary metabolites of methanol extract of the roots of Mangifera indica L and the assessment of plant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) using the negative ion mode was performed to establish the chromatographic fingerprint and identify various chemical components of the plant extract. The anti-inflammatory effect of the MeOH extract (3, 30 and 300 μg/mL) was assessed through cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) production on non-stimulated and LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of a number of phenolic compounds where galloyl derivatives, mangiferin and its derivatives were the major constituents. The methanol extract exhibited significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on NO production, both on stimulated and non-stimulated macrophages. The concentration 300 μg/mL showed significant cell toxicity. The methanol extract of Mangifera indica is rich in phenolic compounds and possesses potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, but its higher concentrations are cytotoxic.
WEAK PROBABILITY MODELLING WITH APPLICATION TO DYNAMIC MODELS By Kostas Triantafyllopoulos and Jeff Harrison University of Bristol and University of Warwick

Partially specified probability models are constructed based upon korder conditional independence, in order to facilitate updating and prediction of required distributional quantities. Weak models relate to second order conditional independence and are formulated particularly for multivariate dynamic linear models with unknown observational variance matrices. The resulting sequential variance updating algorithm is applied to a simulated series in order both to judge its efficiency and to compare it with an existing method.
High‐Affinity Anti‐Ganglioside IgG Antibodies Raised in Complex Ganglioside Knockout Mice

Abstract : Gangliosides, sialic acid‐bearing glycosphingolipids, are highly enriched in the vertebrate nervous system. Anti‐ganglioside antibodies are associated with various human neuropathies, although the pathogenicity of these antibodies remains unproven. Testing the pathogenic role of anti‐ganglioside antibodies will be facilitated by developing high‐affinity IgG‐class complement‐fixing monoclonal anti‐bodies against major brain gangliosides, a goal that has been difficult to achieve. In this study, mice lacking complex gangliosides were used as immune‐naive hosts to raise anti‐ganglioside antibodies. Wild‐type mice and knockout mice with a disrupted gene for GM2/GD2 synthase (UDP‐N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine : GM3/GD3 N‐acetyl‐D‐glactosaminyltransferase) were immunized with GD1a conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The knockout mice produced a vigorous anti‐GD1a IgG response, whereas wildtype littermates failed to do so. Fusion of spleen cells from an immunized knockout mouse with myeloma cells yielded numerous IgG anti‐GD1a antibody‐producing colonies. Ganglioside binding studies revealed two specificity classes ; one colony representing each class was cloned and characterized. High‐affinity monoclonal antibody was produced by each hybridoma : an IgG1 that bound nearly exclusively to GD1a and an IgG2b that bound GD1a, GT1b, and GT1aα. Both antibodies readily readily detected gangliosides via ELISA, TLC immune overlay, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. In contrast to prior reports using anti‐GD1a and anti‐GT1b IgM class monoclonal antibodies, the new antibodies bound avidly to granule neurons in brain tissue sections and cell cultures. Mice lacking complex gangliosides are improved hosts for raising high‐affinity, high‐titer anti‐ganglioside IgG antibodies for probing for the distribution and physiology of gangliosides and the pathophysiology of anti‐ganglioside antibodies.
Anti-metastasis activity of black rice anthocyanins against breast cancer: analyses using an ErbB2 positive breast cancer cell line and tumoral xenograft model.

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence from animal, epidemiological and clinical investigations suggest that dietary anthocyanins have potential to prevent chronic diseases, including cancers. It is also noteworthy that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) protein overexpression or ErbB2 gene amplification has been included as an indicator for metastasis and higher risk of recurrence for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present experiments investigated the anti-metastasis effects of black rice anthocyanins (BRACs) on ErbB2 positive breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Oral administration of BRACs (150 mg/kg/day) reduced transplanted tumor growth, inhibited pulmonary metastasis, and decreased lung tumor nodules in BALB/c nude mice bearing ErbB2 positive breast cancer cell MDA-MB-453 xenografts. The capacity for migration, adhesion, motility and invasion was also inhibited by BRACs in MDA-MB-453 cells in a concentration dependent manner, accompanied by decreased activity of a transfer promoting factor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicated that BRACs possess anti-metastasis potential against ErbB2 positive human breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro through inhibition of metastasis promoting molecules.
A New Insight to Bone Turnover: Role of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Background. Evidence has shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the ω-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are beneficial for bone health and turnover. Objectives. This review summarizes findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies and the effects of LC PUFA on bone metabolism, as well as the relationship with the oxidative stress, the inflammatory process, and obesity. Results. Some studies in humans indicate that LCPUFA can increase bone formation, affect peak bone mass in adolescents, and reduce bone loss. However, the cellular mechanisms of action of the LCPUFA are complex and involve modulation of fatty acid metabolites such as prostaglandins, resolvins and protectins, several signaling pathways, cytokines, and growth factors, although in certain aspects there is still some controversy. LCPUFA affect receptor activator of nuclear factor κ β (RANK), a receptor found on the osteoclast, causing bone resorption, which controls osteoclast formation. Conclusions. Since fatty acids are an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, free radicals alter the process of bone turnover; however, although there are clinical evidences linking bone metabolism and dietary lipids, more clinical trials are necessary to prove whether ω-3 PUFA supplementation plays a major role in bone health.