Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control

Why do consumers sometimes act against their own better judgment, engaging in behavior that is often regretted after the fact and that would have been rejected with adequate forethought? More generally, how do consumers attempt to maintain self-control in the face of time-inconsistent preferences? This article addresses consumer impatience by developing a decision-theoretic model based on reference points. The model explains how and why consumers experience sudden increases in desire for a product, increases that can result in the temporary overriding of long-term preferences. Tactics that consumers use to control their own behavior are also discussed. Consumer self-control is framed as a struggle between two psychological forces, desire and willpower. Finally, two general classes of self-control strategies are described: those that directly reduce desire, and those that overcome desire through will power.
Elevated Golgi pH in breast and colorectal cancer cells correlates with the expression of oncofetal carbohydrate T‐antigen

Altered glycosylation has turned out to be a universal feature of cancer cells, and in many cases, to correlate with altered expression or localization of relevant glycosyltransferases. However, no such correlation exists between observed enzymatic changes and the expression of the oncofetal Thomsen‐Friedenreich (T)‐antigen, a core 1 (Gal‐β1 → 3‐GalNAc‐ser/thr) carbohydrate structure. Here we report that T‐antigen expression, instead, correlates with elevated Golgi pH in cancer cells. Firstly, using a Golgi‐targeted green fluorescent protein (GT‐EGFP) as a probe, we show that the medial/trans‐Golgi pH (pHG) in a high proportion of breast (MCF‐7) and colorectal (HT‐29, SW‐48) cancer cells is significantly more alkaline (pHG ≥ 6.75) than that of control cells (pHG 5.9–6.5). The pH gradient between the cytoplasm and the Golgi lumen is also markedly reduced in MCF‐7 cells, suggesting a Golgi acidification defect. Secondly, we show that T‐antigen expression is highly sensitive to changes in Golgi pH, as only a 0.2 pH unit increase was sufficient to increase T‐antigen expression in control cells. Thirdly, we found that T‐antigen expressing MCF‐7 cells have 0.3 pH units more alkaline Golgi pH than non‐expressing MCF‐7 cells. Fourthly, in all cell types examined, we observed significant correlation between the number of T‐antigen expressing cells and cells with a markedly elevated Golgi pH (pHG ≥ 6.75). Consistent with these observations in cultured cells, cells in solid tumors also heterogenously expressed the T‐antigen. Thus, elevated Golgi pH appears to be directly linked to T‐antigen expression in cancer cells, but it may also act as a more general factor for altered glycosylation in cancer by affecting the distribution of Golgi‐localized glycosyltransferases. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fingerprinting Across On-Chip Memory Interconnects

Pairs of cores in a chip multiprocessor (CMP) can execute programs redundantly to detect and recover from soft errors. Prior work assumes dedicated cross-core buses to compare the redundant cores’ outputs for error detection. In this paper, we investigate using the CMP’s existing on-chip memory interconnect for comparing hashes of architectural state updates, called fingerprints, across redundant cores. We show that the memory system can support periodic fingerprint comparison. Furthermore, our simulation-based results show tha t for reasonable comparison intervals, the added load does not affect memory access latency and matches the performance of a dedicated comparison bus.
Building structures from classifiers for passage reranking

This paper shows that learning to rank models can be applied to automatically learn complex patterns, such as relational semantic structures occurring in questions and their answer passages. This is achieved by providing the learning algorithm with a tree representation derived from the syntactic trees of questions and passages connected by relational tags, where the latter are again provided by the means of automatic classifiers, i.e., question and focus classifiers and Named Entity Recognizers. This way effective structural relational patterns are implicitly encoded in the representation and can be automatically utilized by powerful machine learning models such as kernel methods. We conduct an extensive experimental evaluation of our models on well-known benchmarks from the question answer (QA) track of TREC challenges. The comparison with state-of-the-art systems and BM25 show a relative improvement in MAP of more than 14% and 45%, respectively. Further comparison on the task restricted to the answer sentence reranking shows an improvement in MAP of more than 8% over the state of the art.
Obligatory role for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in activation of native TRPC1 store-operated channels in vascular myocytes

In the present study the effect of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) was studied on a native TRPC1 store‐operated channel (SOC) in freshly dispersed rabbit portal vein myocytes. Application of diC8‐PIP2, a water soluble form of PIP2, to quiescent inside‐out patches evoked single channel currents with a unitary conductance of 1.9 pS. DiC8‐PIP2‐evoked channel currents were inhibited by anti‐TRPC1 antibodies and these characteristics are identical to SOCs evoked by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and BAPTA‐AM. SOCs stimulated by CPA, BAPTA‐AM and the phorbol ester phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate (PDBu) were reduced by anti‐PIP2 antibodies and by depletion of tissue PIP2 levels by pre‐treatment of preparations with wortmannin and LY294002. However, these reagents did not alter the ability of PIP2 to activate SOCs in inside‐out patches. Co‐immunoprecipitation techniques demonstrated association between TRPC1 and PIP2 at rest, which was greatly decreased by wortmannin and LY294002. Pre‐treatment of cells with PDBu, which activates protein kinase C (PKC), augmented SOC activation by PIP2 whereas the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine decreased SOC stimulation by PIP2. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments provide evidence that PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of TRPC1 occurs constitutively and was increased by CPA and PDBu but decreased by chelerythrine. These novel results show that PIP2 can activate TRPC1 SOCs in native vascular myocytes and plays an important role in SOC activation by CPA, BAPTA‐AM and PDBu. Moreover, the permissive role of PIP2 in SOC activation requires PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of TRPC1.
Screening for family and intimate partner violence.

CRD summary This review assessed screening and interventions in health care settings for reducing family and intimate partner violence. The evidence suggested that home nurse visits for parents during prenatal and postpartum periods may improve outcomes related to child abuse and neglect. Evidence related to women and elderly adults were limited. This was a relatively well-conducted review and the conclusions appear reliable.
Attentional and Oculomotor Components of Multiple Location Inhibition of Return

People engage in visual search during everyday tasks such as looking for a friend in a crowd. Inhibition of return (IOR) facilitates visual search by inhibiting attention from returning to previously inspected locations. IOR is believed to be mediated both by attention and eye movements (i.e., oculomotor). The aim of the present research was to determine whether oculomotor IOR is operating when multiple locations are searched. In this study, participants were instructed to keep their eyes at central fixation to measure attentional IOR or move their eyes to peripheral locations to measure oculomotor IOR. Results suggest a trend for oculomotor IOR to develop more slowly than attentional IOR, with no differences in magnitude between the two forms of IOR.
A Diagnostic Test for Ménière's Disease and Cochlear Hydrops: Impaired High-Pass Noise Masking of Auditory Brainstem Responses

Hypothesis: Endolymphatic hydrops in patients diagnosed with Ménière's disease causes changes in the response properties of the basilar membrane that lead to impaired high-pass noise masking of auditory brainstem responses to clicks. Background: Ménière's disease is defined as the idiopathic syndrome of endolymphatic (cochlear) hydrops, which is an abnormal increase in the volume of cochlear fluid (endolymph) in the inner ear. Accurate detection and diagnosis are important but difficult because of the lack of sufficiently sensitive tests. Methods: Two populations were compared: (1) 38 non-Ménière's normal-hearing subjects; and (2) 23 patients who, at the time of testing, continued to have at least three of the four hallmark symptoms (i.e., tinnitus, vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and fullness) used in the diagnosis of Ménière's disease. Auditory brainstem responses to clicks presented ipsilaterally with masking noise that was high-pass filtered at various frequencies were recorded. Results: In the Ménière's patients, the masking noise is insufficient such that an undermasked Wave V is still present at a latency similar to that of Wave V in the response to the clicks alone. In the control non-Ménière's normal-hearing subjects, this undermasked component was either absent or significantly delayed because of the masking noise. The difference in the delays between these populations is such that the distributions do not overlap, resulting in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion: This test is able to distinguish objectively active Ménière's disease in individuals and may show promise for tracking changes in the severity of the disease caused by progression or treatment.
Culture and Its Consequences for Entrepreneurship

X he influence of culture on entrepreneurs hip has been of continued scholarly interest for over three decades. Researchers have explored the effect of national, regional, and organizational cultures on wealth creation through new venture creation, innovation, and risk taking. Using data from multiple countries and applying diverse research methods, organizational scholars have explored the relationship between cultural variables and entrepreneurial behavior and outcomes. As empirical findings corroborate some patterns and significant relationships, it is essential to review past studies and identify new avenues to be explored in future research. While considerable progress has been made, we believe that substantial components and manifestations of culture and its contingent influence on entrepreneurial outcomes are yet unexplored, providing new opportunities for scholarly inquiry. This special issue focuses on the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship. It adopts a broad definition of both culture and entrepreneurship. Culture is used to refer to the enduring set of values of a nation, a region, or an organization. Entrepreneurship is defined as the act and process by which societies, regions, organizations, or individuals identify and pursue business opportunities to create wealth. The objectives of this special issue include: (a) synthesizing what we know about the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship; (b) identifying areas and research questions that deserve attention in future research; and (c) highlighting theoretical and methodological innovations necessary to improve research in this area. Culture is an important and complex construct. Likewise, entrepreneurship captures a wide spectrum of activities and is multifaceted. We believe that greater progress could be made in future research if methodological and theoretical innovations are introduced. As you read the papers included in this issue, we hope that you will agree that we have assembled a number of interesting articles. We have worked hard to ensure the diversity and breadth of the contributions represented in this special issue. First, we organized a symposium on the topic in the Academy of Management meetings where authors of some of the papers presented their original ideas. Also, we contacted other authors, from the U.S. and elsewhere, to encourage them to submit their work for consideration and possible inclusion in this special issue. Submitted manuscripts underwent a double-blind review process with two rounds of reviews. We are pleased that the review process identified studies that have a clear message and promise to shape future scholarship in this growing area of research.
The Cardiff dental study: a 20-year critical evaluation of the psychological health gain from orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVES Despite the widespread belief that orthodontics improves psychological well-being and self-esteem, there is little objective evidence to support this (Kenealy et al., 1989a; Shaw, O'Brien, Richmond, & Brook, 1991). A 20 year follow-up study compared the dental and psychosocial status of individuals who received, or did not receive, orthodontics as teenagers. DESIGN A prospective longitudinal cohort design with four studies of the effect of orthodontic treatment. Secondary analysis of outcome data incorporated orthodontic need at baseline and treatment received in a 2 x 2 factorial design. METHODS A multidisciplinary research programme studied a cohort of 1,018, 11-12 year old participants in 1981. Extensive assessment of dental health and psychosocial well-being was conducted; facial and dental photographs and plaster casts of dentition were obtained and rated for attractiveness and pre-treatment need. No recommendations about orthodontic treatment were made, and an observational approach was adopted. At the third follow-up 337 (30-31 year olds) were re-examined in 2001. RESULTS Participants with a prior need for orthodontic treatment as children who obtained treatment demonstrated better tooth alignment and satisfaction. However when self-esteem at baseline was controlled for, orthodontics had little positive impact on psychological health and quality of life in adulthood. Lack of orthodontic treatment where there was a prior need did not lead to psychological difficulties in later life. Dental status alone was a weak predictor of self-esteem at outcome explaining 8% of the variance. Self-esteem in adulthood was more strongly predicted (65% of the variance) by psychological variables at outcome: perception of quality of life, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, depression, social anxiety, emotional health, and by self-perception of attractiveness. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal analysis revealed that the observed effect of orthodontic treatment on self esteem at outcome was accounted for by self esteem at baseline. Prior need for treatment assessed in childhood made a small contribution to the prediction of self-esteem 20 years later in adulthood. Dental status in adulthood, whilst statistically significant, appeared to be of minor importance in a model that included other psychological variables. When prior need for treatment was taken into account there was little objective evidence to support the assumption that orthodontics improves long-term psychological health.
Understanding the Inconsistencies between Text Descriptions and the Use of Privacy-sensitive Resources of Mobile Apps

Permission warnings and privacy policy enforcement are widely used to inform mobile app users of privacy threats. These mechanisms disclose information about use of privacy-sensitive resources such as user location or contact list. However, it has been reported that very few users pay attention to these mechanisms during installation. Instead, a user may focus on a more user-friendly source of information: text description, which is written by a developer who has an incentive to attract user attention. When a user searches for an app in a marketplace, his/her query keywords are generally searched on text descriptions of mobile apps. Then, users review the search results, often by reading the text descriptions; i.e., text descriptions are associated with user expectation. Given these observations, this paper aims to address the following research question: What are the primary reasons that text descriptions of mobile apps fail to refer to the use of privacy-sensitive resources? To answer the research question, we performed empirical large-scale study using a huge volume of apps with our ACODE (Analyzing COde and DEscription) framework, which combines static code analysis and text analysis. We developed light-weight techniques so that we can handle hundred of thousands of distinct text descriptions. We note that our text analysis technique does not require manually labeled descriptions; hence, it enables us to conduct a large-scale measurement study without requiring expensive labeling tasks. Our analysis of 200,000 apps and multilingual text descriptions collected from official and third-party Android marketplaces revealed four primary factors that are associated with the inconsistencies between text descriptions and the use of privacy-sensitive resources: (1) existence of app building services/frameworks that tend to add API permissions/code unnecessarily, (2) existence of prolific developers who publish many ap
Effects of Media with Violent Content on College Students＇ Aggressive Reaction

The effect of media violence on aggression levels was explored and related to increases in aggression levels based on personality traits. In this study, 78 undergraduate students were divided into a control group (violent video) and an experimental group (non-violent video) using a 2×2 factorial design (two video clips, two aggression inventories). The participants completed a pre-test Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Mini-IPIP prior to being exposed to one of the two video clips. Afterwards the video exposure, the participants completed a post-test Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Analysis of the participants’ data (n = 78), showed verbal aggression and conscientiousness approached significance, F(1, 77) = 3.750, p < 0.057, as did verbal aggression and agreeableness, F(1,77) = 3.796, p < 0.055. A significant difference was found in anger with neuroticism, F(1,77) = 7.577, p < 0.008. Overall anger and aggression levels preand post-exposure were closely related, indicating that some were already angry and aggressive t(77) = 2.3769, p < 0.020. Furthermore, control and the experimental groups only approximated significance in physical aggression F(1,77) = 3.832, p < 0.054. Contrary to previous studies, exposure to violence did not increase aggressive behavior as hypothesized; however, these findings showed that violence in media had an effect on the factor of anger and a difference between both groups in physical aggression. In addition, exposure to violence had an effect on specific personality traits of participants, such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
Vaginal chlamydial clearance following primary or secondary infection in mice occurs independently of TNF-α

The role of TNF-α in chlamydial clearance is uncertain. Antibody-mediated depletion of TNF-α in mice and guinea pigs has been shown not to significantly affect chlamydial clearance, whereas production of TNF-α in addition to IFN-γ from T cells has been shown to correlate with enhanced clearance. The aim of our study is to evaluate the mechanistic role of TNF-α in clearance of primary and secondary chlamydial infection from the genital tract (GT) using C57BL/6 TNF-α deficient (TNF-α−/−) and wild type (WT) mice. Chlamydial shedding from the lower GT was evaluated following primary and secondary intravaginal challenge. Also, antibody and antigen specific cytokine responses were analyzed from the infected GT and spleens, and oviduct pathology determined to analyze the role of TNF-α in upper GT pathological sequelae. MHC II−/− mice, known to display muted adaptive immune responses and failure to resolve genital chlamydial infections, were used as a negative control. Following both primary and secondary genital chlamydial infection, TNF-α−/− mice exhibited elevated granzyme B production, but similar IFN-γ and antibody responses. Importantly, absence of TNF-α did not significantly alter the resolution of infection. However, TNF-α−/− mice displayed significantly reduced upper genital tract (UGT) pathology compared to WT mice. This study demonstrates mechanistically that optimal chlamydial clearance following primary and secondary chlamydial genital infection can occur in the complete absence of TNF-α, and considered with the reduction of upper GT pathology in TNF-α−/− mice, suggests that targeted induction of anti-chlamydial TNF-α responses by vaccination may be unnecessary, and moreover could be potentially pathogenic.
Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation with Large Balloon after Limited Sphincterotomy for Retrieval of Choledocholithiasis

Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EBD) for choledocholithiasis is known to be comparable to endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) especially in cases of small stones. With larger stones, EBD with conventional balloon, which have a diameter of 6-8 mm, was reported as less effective for extraction of stones. We evaluated the efficacy and complications of EBD with large balloons (10-15 mm) after limited EST for retrieval of choledocholithiasis. From February 2005, we have performed EBD with limited EST for retrieval of common bile duct (CBD) stones. The patients who admitted with hyperamylasemia and gallstone pancreatitis were excluded. In cases without CBD dilation, EPBD with 12 mm for 40 seconds was performed. And in cases with CBD dilation, we dilated the sphincters with 15 mm sized balloon for 40 seconds. Total 22 patients (11 of male) were performed EBD with limited EST for retrieval of CBD stones. The median diameter of the stones was 10 mm (5-25 mm). Ten cases had multiple stones and 6 cases periampullary diverticuli. Successful stone removal in the initial session of ERCP with EBD was accomplished in 16 patients (72.7%). And complete retrieval of bile duct stones was achieved in all patients with repeated ERCP. In the aspect of complications, any episodes of perforation, bleeding was not developed. Only one case of mild grade of post-procedural pancreatitis was noted. However, post-procedural hyperamylasemia was developed in 16 cases (68.2%). EBD with larger balloon seems to be a feasible and safe alternative technique for conventional EST in CBD stone extraction.
The Impact of Disjunction on Query Answering Under Guarded-Based Existential Rules

We study the complexity of conjunctive query answering under (weakly-)(frontier-)guarded disjunctive existential rules, i.e., existential rules extended with disjunction, and their main subclasses, linear rules and inclusion dependencies (IDs). Our main result states that conjunctive query answering under a fixed set of disjunctive IDs is 2EXPTIME-hard. This quite surprising result together with a 2EXPTIME upper bound for weakly-frontier-guarded disjunctive rules, obtained by exploiting recent results on guarded negation first-order logic, gives us a complete picture of the computational complexity of our problem. We also consider a natural subclass of disjunctive IDs, namely frontier-one (only one variable is propagated), for which the combined complexity decreases to EXPTIME. Finally, we show that frontier-guarded rules, combined with negative constraints, are strictly more expressive than DL-LiteboolH, one of the most expressive languages of the DL-Lite family. We also show that query answering under DL-LiteboolH is 2EXPTIME- complete in combined complexity.