Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microphysical retrievals from simultaneous polarimetric and profiling radar observations

The character of precipitation detected at the surface is the final product of many microphysical interactions in the cloud above, the combined effects of which may be characterized by the observed drop size distribution (DSD). This necessitates accurate retrieval of the DSD from remote sensing data, especially radar as it offers large areal coverage, high spatial resolution, and rigorous quality control and testing. Combined instrument observations with a UHF wind profiler, an S-band polarimetric weather radar, and a video disdrometer are analyzed for two squall line events occuring during the calendar year 2007. UHF profiler Doppler velocity spectra are used to estimate the DSD aloft, and are complemented by DSDs retrieved from an exponential model applied to polarimetric data. Ground truth is provided by the disdrometer. A complicating factor in the retrieval from UHF profiler spectra is the presence of ambient air motion, which can be corrected using the method proposed by Teshiba et al. (2009), in which a comparison between idealized Doppler spectra calculated from the DSDs retrieved from KOUN and those retrieved from contaminated wind profiler spectra is performed. It is found that DSDs measured using the distrometer at the surface and estimated using the wind profiler and polarimetric weather radar generally showed good agreement. The DSD retrievals using the wind profiler were improved when the estimates of the vertical wind were included into the analysis, thus supporting the method of Teshiba et al. (2009). Furthermore, the the study presents a method of investigating the time and height structure of DSDs.
Function-Based Intervention in Inclusive School Settings: A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize single-case intervention research studies in which students with disabilities received function-based intervention (FBI) within inclusive school settings to address challenging behavior. A total of 27 studies were identified and systematically reviewed to determine the overall effect of FBI on challenging and appropriate behavior and whether study characteristics moderated intervention outcomes. In addition, we summarized the following: (a) characteristics of study participants and settings, (b) characteristics of FBI applied within the studies, and (c) quality of the studies. Overall, FBI led to improved behavior in a variety of inclusive school settings. Interventions delivered after a teacher-administered functional behavior assessment and within the context of a whole group instructional arrangement resulted in significant reductions in challenging behavior and improvements in appropriate behavior, respectively. Implications for practice, future directions for research, and limitations are described.
Experimental Studies on Human Body Communication Characteristics Based Upon Capacitive Coupling

Human Body Communication (HBC) is regarded as a burgeoning transmission technology for short-range body sensor network applications. However, there are currently few full-scale on-body measurements describing the principle of body channel propagation characteristics upon capacitive coupling. This paper focuses on the comprehensive experiments on different body parts to investigate body channel characteristics. Using capacitive coupling technique, the body channel characteristics were measured both in frequency domain and in time domain. Based on the whole body measurement results, it was found that the body maintained stable attenuation characteristics: the lowest attenuation is approximate-15dB at 28MHz. Arthrosis such as elbow, knee and wrist affected channel attenuation characteristic by about 2dB. Furthermore, the experiment results illustrate that the fat content in body also affects channel characteristic by 4dB.
On characterizing the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies

We review some practical aspects of measuring the amplitude of variability in 'red noise' light curves typical of those from active galactic nuclei (AGN). The quantities commonly used to estimate the variability amplitude in AGN light curves, such as the fractional rms variability amplitude, F v a r , and excess variance, σ 2 XS, are examined. Their statistical properties, relationship to the power spectrum and uses for investigating the nature of the variability processes are discussed. We demonstrate that σ 2 XS (or similarly F v a r ) shows large changes from one part of the light curve to the next, even when the variability is produced by a stationary process. This limits the usefulness of these estimators for quantifying differences in variability amplitude between different sources or from epoch to epoch in one source. Some examples of the expected scatter in the variance are tabulated for various typical power spectral shapes, based on Monte Carlo simulations. The excess variance can be useful for comparing the variability amplitudes of light curves in different energy bands from the same observation. Monte Carlo simulations are used to derive a description of the uncertainty in the amplitude expected between different energy bands (due to measurement errors). Finally, these estimators are used to demonstrate some variability properties of the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 766. The source is found to show a strong, linear correlation between rms amplitude and flux, and to show significant spectral variability.
The Effect of Transport Policies on Car Use: Theory and Evidence from Latin American Cities

In an effort to reduce air pollution and congestion, Latin American cities have experimented with different policies to persuade drivers to give up their cars in favor of public transport. Two notable examples are the driving restriction program introduced in Mexico-City in November of 1989 –Hoy-No-Circula (HNC)– and the public transport reform carried out in Santiago in February of 2007 –Transantiago (TS). We develop a simple model of car use and ownership, and show that policies that may appear effective in the short run can be highly detrimental in the long run, i.e., after households have adjusted their stock of vehicles. Based on hourly concentration records of carbon monoxide, which comes primarily from vehicles exhaust, we find that household's responses to both HNC and TS have been remarkably similar and consistent with the above: an expected short-run response followed by a rapid (before 11 months) increase in the stock of vehicles.
Physical Therapy Adjuvants to Promote Optimization of Walking Recovery after Stroke

Stroke commonly results in substantial and persistent deficits in locomotor function. The majority of scientific inquiries have focused on singular intervention approaches, with recent attention given to task specific therapies. We propose that measurement should indicate the most critical limiting factor(s) to be addressed and that a combination of adjuvant treatments individualized to target accompanying impairment(s) will result in the greatest improvements in locomotor function. We explore training to improve walking performance by addressing a combination of: (1) walking specific motor control; (2) dynamic balance; (3) cardiorespiratory fitness and (4) muscle strength and put forward a theoretical framework to maximize the functional benefits of these strategies as physical adjuvants. The extent to which any of these impairments contribute to locomotor dysfunction is dependent on the individual and will undoubtedly change throughout the rehabilitation intervention. Thus, the ability to identify and measure the relative contributions of these elements will allow for identification of a primary intervention as well as prescription of additional adjuvant approaches. Importantly, we highlight the need for future studies as appropriate dosing of each of these elements is contingent on improving the capacity to measure each element and to titrate the contribution of each to optimal walking performance.
Human Capital Composition, Growth and Development in an R&D Endogenous Growth Model

The effect of human capital composition on growth and development has been somewhat neglected in economic literature. However, evidence has suggested the importance of engineering and technical skills to economic growth and international organizations had suggested their shortage in developed countries. Using a standard increasing variety endogenous growth model, we propose various measures of this composition. We show that human capital composition matters to growth and development, that the decentralized equilibrium leads to less investment in high-techs than the optimum and that the tendency to under-invest in R&D is expanded when human capital composition
The mediating role of spiritual identity on the relationship between parent and peer attachment with resilience

rahpeima.s@gmail.com :یکینورتکلا تسپ . یتیبرت یسانشناور هورگ ،یسانشناور و یتیبرتمولع هدکشناد ،زاریش هاگشناد ،يروهمج راولب ،زاریش :لووسم هدنسیون یتسپ یناشن * هدیکچ براجت و تیونعم ساسا رب دوخ ییاسانش و فیرعت ناونع هب يونعم تیوه هب ار ناققحم هجوت ریخا ياهلاس رد هک تسا ییاههزاس هلمج زا ،يونعم يراوشد و تیونعم یسانشرادیدپ تیهام . تسا هدومن بلج دوخ یملع یسررب تسا هدش ببس هک دناهدوب یلماوع هلمج زا نآ يریگهزادنا هب هجوت اب . دوش هتفرگ رس زا هتشذگ ههد دنچ زا اهنت يونعم تیوه یسررب رضاح شهوژپ فده ،هنیمز نیا رد كدنا رایسب یمّک ياهشهوژپ نلااسمه و نیدلاو هب یگتسبلد نیب هطبار رد يونعم تیوه ياهطساو شقن 106 ،رتخد 174) رفن 280 شهوژپ نیا ناگدننکتکرش . دوب يروآبات اب دروم ياهرازبا . دندوب زاریش هاگشناد یسانشراک عطقم نایوجشناد زا (رسپ همانشسرپ ،(IPPA) نلااسمه و نیدلاو هب یگتسبلد سایقم لماش هدافتسا (CD-RIS) نوسدیوید -رناک يروآبات سایقم و (SIQ) يونعم تیوه میقتسم تروص هب نلااسمه و نیدلاو هب یگتسبلد هک داد ناشن جیاتن . دوب يروآبات هدننکینیبشیپ يونعم تیوه داعبا قیرط زا و میقتسمریغ زین و و ییاروام ياهرواب هطساو هب نیدلاو هب یگتسبلد هک تروص نیا هب . تسا تروص هب ار يروآبات یقلاخا ياهرواب هطساو هب نلااسمه هب یگتسبلد داد ناشن رضاح شهوژپ ياههتفای ،عومجم رد . دنکیم ینیبشیپ تبثم ییازسب ریثات يونعم تیوه هطساو هب یگدنز مهم دارفا اب یفطاع طباور هک رد نآ داعبا و يونعم تیوه شقن هب هجوت اب . دراد دارفا يروآبات رد ياشگهار دناوتیم شهوژپ نیا جیاتن ،تلاکشم اب هلباقم و يراگزاس . دشاب تملاس هزوح ناصصختم و نارواشم ،یفطاع هطبار ،تیونعم ،یقلاخا رواب ،ییاروام رواب :يدیلک ياههژاو يروآبات Abstract Spiritual identity defined as self-identification based on spirituality and spiritual experiences, has gained increasing attention during recent years. Considering the phenomenological nature of spirituality and difficulties in its measurement, the scientific study of spiritual identity as a unified construct began a few decades ago. Considering the fact that very little quantitative research is available in this area, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of spiritual identity in the relationship between parent and peer attachment and resilience. Participants were 280 (174 girls, 106 boys) students of Shiraz University. Data collection tools consisted of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Conner-Davidson’s Resilience Scale (CD-RIS) and the Spiritual Identity Questionnaire (SIQ). Results showed that parent and peer attachment predicted resiliency both directly and indirectly through components of spiritual identity. Parent attachment predicted resilience through metaphysical beliefs and peer attachment predicted resilience through moral beliefs. Conclusively, results of this study showed that emotional relations with significant people in life had an important effect on resilience through spiritual identity. Results can help counselors and health experts to help young people cope better with their problems through the identification and addressing the role of spiritual identity and its components.
Expectancy-value Theory of Motivation and the Choice of Teaching as a Career

Spoznaje o motivaciji za uciteljsku profesiju dobivene su na malom broju istraživanja, kojima najcesce nedostaje jasni teorijsko-konceptualni i analiticki okvir koji bi bio utemeljen na recentnim teorijama motivacije i odabira karijere. Svrha je ovoga istraživanja bila provjeriti može li se model odabira uciteljske profesije Richardsona i Watt (2006), temeljen na motivacijskoj teoriji ocekivanja i vrijednosti (Eccles, 2005), generalizirati na hrvatski obrazovni kontekst. Cilj je također bio validirati Upitnik faktora koji utjecu na izbor uciteljske profesije razvijen na australskom uzorku. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 188 studenata uciteljskih studija zagrebackoga i rijeckoga sveucilista na kojima je primijenjen Upitnik faktora koji utjecu na izbor uciteljske profesije. Faktorska je struktura hrvatske verzije dobro replicirala originalnu s obzirom na brojnost faktora i izrazite razlike između hrvatskoga i australskoga obrazovnog konteksta te nacina obrazovanja ucitelja i njihova socijalnog statusa. Dobiveni rezultati govore u prilog konstruktnoj valjanosti Upitnika i primjenjivosti modela odabira uciteljske profesije Richardsona i Watt (2006) za objasnjenje odabira uciteljske profesije u hrvatskom obrazovnom kontekstu. Nase su studente uciteljskoga studija za ovo zanimanje najvise motivirali rad s djecom, mogucnost drustvenoga doprinosa i procjena vlastitih sposobnosti za poucavanje, a u manjoj mjeri osobne vrijednosti poput sigurnosti zaposlenja i vremena za obitelj.
GPS variables most related to match performance in an elite Australian football team

The purpose of this study is to identify which GPS variables are most related to Australian football (AF) physical performance. Data was collected from thirty-five professional AF players over 11 games early in the 2013 Australian Football League (AFL) season. Match performance was measured by the Champion Data© Player Rank (PR) and coaches’ ratings (CR). Variables were sampled at 10Hz and partial correlations adjusted for game time were calculated between all variables and both performance measures, by position. Variables that displayed the highest partial correlations with both performance measures were used in a stepwise regression to identify the most relevant to performance. For the nomadic group, a negative relationship (P<0.05) was found between walking (distance and # entries) and PR. For the fixed players, a negative relationship (P<0.05) was evident between sprinting (# entries) and PR. However, a positive relationship (P<0.05) was found between CR and HSR (% time) and sprinting (distance). This indicates that the GPS variables that most relate to performance depend on the performance measure employed by coaches.
Outcomes for Efavirenz versus Nevirapine-Containing Regimens for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction There is conflicting evidence and practice regarding the use of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We systematically reviewed virological outcomes in HIV-1 infected, treatment-naive patients on regimens containing EFV versus NVP from randomised trials and observational cohort studies. Data sources include PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and conference proceedings of the International AIDS Society, Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, between 1996 to May 2013. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and subgroup analyses performed to assess the potential influence of study design, duration of follow up, location, and tuberculosis treatment. Sensitivity analyses explored the potential influence of different dosages of NVP and different viral load thresholds. Results Of 5011 citations retrieved, 38 reports of studies comprising 114 391 patients were included for review. EFV was significantly less likely than NVP to lead to virologic failure in both trials (RR 0.85 [0.73–0.99] I2 = 0%) and observational studies (RR 0.65 [0.59–0.71] I2 = 54%). EFV was more likely to achieve virologic success than NVP, though marginally significant, in both randomised controlled trials (RR 1.04 [1.00–1.08] I2 = 0%) and observational studies (RR 1.06 [1.00–1.12] I2 = 68%). Conclusion EFV-based first line ART is significantly less likely to lead to virologic failure compared to NVP-based ART. This finding supports the use of EFV as the preferred NNRTI in first-line treatment regimen for HIV treatment, particularly in resource limited settings.
A pilot study evaluation of Marte Meo for divorced fathers

A Marte Meo strengths-based video feedback programme for improving divorced fathers’ self-conceptions and parenting was tested. By identifying and reinforcing fathers’ skills in child communication, we hypothesized that fathers would exhibit pre-post improvements in fathering selfevaluations and behaviours. Therapists treated eleven divorced fathers with three to five home-visit, video feedback sessions over twelve months. Data showed reductions in harsh discipline and inept parenting, and some evidence of improvements in efficacy and father involvement. Changes in fathering identity were significantly associated with changes in parental efficacy (r 5.47), harsh parenting (r 5 2.64), and inept parenting (r 5 2.42). Programme acceptability was rated high on positive experiences and low on negative experiences. The data suggest promise for promoting fathers’ effective parenting, quality involvement and selfconceptions through video feedback.
The Effect of Terrestrial Photosynthesis Down Regulation on the Twentieth-Century Carbon Budget Simulated with the CCCma Earth System Model

Abstract The simulation of atmospheric–land–ocean CO2 exchange for the 1850–2000 period offers the possibility of testing and calibrating the carbon budget in earth system models by comparing the simulated changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and in land and ocean uptake with observation-based information. In particular, some of the uncertainties associated with the treatment of land use change (LUC) and the role of down regulation in affecting the strength of CO2 fertilization for terrestrial photosynthesis are assessed using the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Earth System Model (CanESM1). LUC emissions may be specified as an external source of CO2 or calculated interactively based on estimated changes in crop area. The evidence for photosynthetic down regulation is reviewed and an empirically based representation is implemented and tested in the model. Four fully coupled simulations are performed: with and without terrestrial photosynthesis down regulation and with interactively .
Voltage sag analysis and solution for an industrial plant with embedded induction motors

In This work a power quality (PQ) problem in an industrial plant is analyzed and its possible solutions explored, specifically regarding voltage sags. It is analyzed a plant's electrical system sensitivity regarding voltage sags, how does the magnitude depression and its duration affect the performance of the electrical loads (mainly induction motors). Several proposals are discussed and explored for voltage sag mitigation and their feasibility for the plant's PQ problem. Finally, settings of the voltage sag mitigation equipment (timer or "latching" relay) are made analyzing voltage recovery times after voltage sag has occurred.
Orbifolds as Melvin geometry

In this paper we explicitly show that the various non-compact abelian orbifolds are realized as special limits of parameters in type-II (NSNS) Melvin background and its higher-dimensional generalizations. As a result the supersymmetric ALE spaces (A-type 2/N) and non-supersymmetric orbifolds in type-II and type-0 theory are all connected with each other by the exactly marginal deformation. Our results provide new examples of the duality between type-II and type-0 string theory. We also discuss the decay of unstable backgrounds in this model which include closed string tachyons.
Ag-plasma modification enhances bone apposition around titanium dental implants: an animal study in Labrador dogs

Dental implants with proper antibacterial ability as well as ideal osseointegration are being actively pursued. The antimicrobial ability of titanium implants can be significantly enhanced via modification with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). However, the high mobility of Ag NPs results in their potential cytotoxicity. The silver plasma immersion ion-implantation (Ag-PIII) technique may remedy the defect. Accordingly, Ag-PIII technique was employed in this study in an attempt to reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance osseointegration of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) dental implants. Briefly, 48 dental implants, divided equally into one control and three test groups (further treated by Ag-PIII technique with three different implantation parameters), were inserted in the mandibles of six Labrador dogs. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used to investigate the surface topography, chemical states, and silver release of SLA- and Ag-PIII-treated titanium dental implants. The implant stability quotient examination, Microcomputed tomography evaluation, histological observations, and histomorphometric analysis were performed to assess the osseointegration effect in vivo. The results demonstrated that normal soft tissue healing around dental implants was observed in all the groups, whereas the implant stability quotient values in Ag-PIII groups were higher than that in the SLA group. In addition, all the Ag-PIII groups, compared to the SLA-group, exhibited enhanced new bone formation, bone mineral density, and trabecular pattern. With regard to osteogenic indicators, the implants treated with Ag-PIII for 30 minutes and 60 minutes, with the diameter of the Ag NPs ranging from 5–25 nm, were better than those treated with Ag-PIII for 90 minutes, with the Ag NPs diameter out of that range. These results suggest that Ag-PIII technique can reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance the osseointegration of SLA surfaces and have the potential for future use.