Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TARGET ARTICLE: "Putting the Self Into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model"

Self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame, pride) are fundamentally important to a wide range of psychological processes, yet they have received relatively little attention compared to other, more "basic" emotions (e.g., sadness, joy). This article outlines the unique features that distinguish self-conscious from basic emotions and then explains why generally accepted models of basic emotions do not adequately capture the self-conscious emotion process. The authors present a new model of self-conscious emotions, specify a set of predictions derived from the model, and apply the model to narcissistic self-esteem regulation. Finally, the authors discuss the model's broader implications for future research on self and emotion.
The Epstein-Barr Virus G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Contributes to Immune Evasion by Targeting MHC Class I Molecules for Degradation

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that persists as a largely subclinical infection in the vast majority of adults worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that an important component of the persistence strategy involves active interference with the MHC class I antigen processing pathway during the lytic replication cycle. We have now identified a novel role for the lytic cycle gene, BILF1, which encodes a glycoprotein with the properties of a constitutive signaling G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). BILF1 reduced the levels of MHC class I at the cell surface and inhibited CD8+ T cell recognition of endogenous target antigens. The underlying mechanism involves physical association of BILF1 with MHC class I molecules, an increased turnover from the cell surface, and enhanced degradation via lysosomal proteases. The BILF1 protein of the closely related CeHV15 γ1-herpesvirus of the Rhesus Old World primate (80% amino acid sequence identity) downregulated surface MHC class I similarly to EBV BILF1. Amongst the human herpesviruses, the GPCR encoded by the ORF74 of the KSHV γ2-herpesvirus is most closely related to EBV BILF1 (15% amino acid sequence identity) but did not affect levels of surface MHC class I. An engineered mutant of BILF1 that was unable to activate G protein signaling pathways retained the ability to downregulate MHC class I, indicating that the immune-modulating and GPCR-signaling properties are two distinct functions of BILF1. These findings extend our understanding of the normal biology of an important human pathogen. The discovery of a third EBV lytic cycle gene that cooperates to interfere with MHC class I antigen processing underscores the importance of the need for EBV to be able to evade CD8+ T cell responses during the lytic replication cycle, at a time when such a large number of potential viral targets are expressed.
Workflow scheduling algorithms in cloud environment - A survey

Cloud computing is an emerging IT field. In cloud, service providers managed and provided resources to users. Software or hardware can be used on rental basis; there is no need to buy them. Most of the cloud applications are modeled as a workflow. In workflows to complete the whole task applications require various sub-tasks to be executed in a particular fashion. Key role in cloud computing systems is managing different tasks. Workflow scheduling is the most important part of cloud computing, because based on the different criteria it decides cost, execution time and other performances. This review paper describes about cloud computing introduction, basics of workflows and scheduling, some scheduling algorithms used in workflow management, factors considered by these algorithms, type of algorithm and tool used.
Tubulin Binds to the Cytoplasmic Loop of TRESK Background K+ Channel In Vitro

The cytoplasmic loop between the second and third transmembrane segments is pivotal in the regulation of TRESK (TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel, K2P18.1, KCNK18). Calcineurin binds to this region and activates the channel by dephosphorylation in response to the calcium signal. Phosphorylation-dependent anchorage of 14-3-3 adaptor protein also modulates TRESK at this location. In the present study, we identified molecular interacting partners of the intracellular loop. By an affinity chromatography approach using the cytoplasmic loop as bait, we have verified the specific association of calcineurin and 14-3-3 to the channel. In addition to these known interacting proteins, we observed substantial binding of tubulin to the intracellular loop. Successive truncation of the polypeptide and pull-down experiments from mouse brain cytosol narrowed down the region sufficient for the binding of tubulin to a 16 amino acid sequence: LVLGRLSYSIISNLDE. The first six residues of this sequence are similar to the previously reported tubulin-binding region of P2X2 purinergic receptor. The tubulin-binding site of TRESK is located close to the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent 14-3-3-docking motif of the channel. We provide experimental evidence suggesting that 14-3-3 competes with tubulin for the binding to the cytoplasmic loop of TRESK. It is intriguing that the 16 amino acid tubulin-binding sequence includes the serines, which were previously shown to be phosphorylated by microtubule-affinity regulating kinases (MARK kinases) and contribute to channel inhibition. Although tubulin binds to TRESK in vitro, it remains to be established whether the two proteins also interact in the living cell.
Genericity of nondegenerate critical points and Morse geodesic functionals

We consider a family of variational problems on a Hilbert manifold parameterized by an open subset of a Banach manifold, and we discuss the genericity of the nondegeneracy condition for the critical points. Based on an idea of B. White, we prove an abstract genericity result that employs the infinite dimensional Sard--Smale theorem. Applications are given by proving the genericity of metrics without degenerate geodesics between fixed endpoints in general (non compact) semi-Riemannian manifolds, in orthogonally split semi-Riemannian manifolds and in globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds. We discuss the genericity property also in stationary Lorentzian manifolds.
Surface magnetization of aperiodic Ising systems: a comparative study of the bond and site problems

We investigate the influence of aperiodic perturbations on the critical behaviour at a second order phase transition. The bond and site problems are compared for layered systems and aperiodic sequences generated through substitution. In the bond problem, the interactions between the layers are distributed according to an aperiodic sequence whereas in the site problem, the layers themselves follow the sequence. A relevance-irrelevance criterion introduced by Luck for the bond problem is extended to discuss the site problem. It involves a wandering exponent for pairs, which can be larger than the one considered before in the bond problem. The surface magnetization of the layered two-dimensional Ising model is obtained, in the extreme anisotropic limit, for the period-doubling and Thue-Morse sequences.
The role of electronic pocket dictionaries as an English learning tool among Chinese students

This study addressed the role of electronic pocket dictionaries as a language learning tool among university students in Hong Kong and Taiwan. The target groups included engineering and humanities students at both undergraduate and graduate level. Speed of reference was found to be the main motivator for using an electronic pocket dictionary. Next, the functionality used was found to be connected to the language proficiency of the learner. Finally, multimedia content was ranked least important. The results of this study have implications for the design of electronic dictionaries and for the teaching of second languages with electronic dictionaries. In particular, device developers should focus on improving the accessing speed and pay less attention to multimedia functionality. Educators should ensure that the device functionality matches the language proficiency level of the students.
Monitoring the Large Proper Motions of Radio Sources in the Orion BN/KL Region

We present absolute astrometry of four radio sources in the Becklin-Neugebauer/Kleinman-Low (BN/KL) region, derived from archival data (taken in 1991, 1995, and 2000) as well as from new observations (taken in 2006). All data consist of 3.6 cm continuum emission and were taken with the Very Large Array in its highest angular resolution A configuration. We confirm the large proper motions of the BN object, the radio source I (GMR I), and the radio counterpart of the infrared source n (Orion-n), with values from 15 to 26 km s−1. The three sources are receding from a point between them from where they seem to have been ejected about 500 years ago, probably via the disintegration of a multiple stellar system. We present simulations of very compact stellar groups that provide a plausible dynamical scenario for the observations. The radio source Orion-n appeared as a double in the first three epochs, but as single in 2006. We discuss this morphological change. The fourth source in the region, GMR D, shows no statistically significant proper motions. We also present new, accurate relative astrometry between BN and radio source I that restrict possible dynamical scenarios for the region. During the 2006 observations, the radio source GMR A, located about 1′ to the northwest of the BN/KL region, exhibited an increase in its flux density of a factor of ~3.5 over a timescale of 1 hr. This rapid variability at centimeter wavelengths is similar to that previously found during a flare at millimeter wavelengths that took place in 2003.
World Trade Flows, 1970-1992, with Production and Tariff Data

This paper describes two databases dealing with world bilateral trade flows: the World Trade Database (WTDB) assembled by Statistics Canada, which contains bilateral trade flows for all countries over 1970-1992, classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 2 (with some modification); and the Compatible Trade and Production (COMTAP) database assembled by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which contains production of manufactured goods in OECD countries and bilateral trade flows between these countries and all their trading partners over 1970-1985, classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification, Revision 2. These databases are available to academic users on the CD-ROM. Also contained on the CD-ROM is information on country factor endowments, tariff and non-tariff barriers for selected countries, and input-output tables for the United Kingdom and the United States. The WTDB database is made available under a license with Statistics Canada, the terms of which are described herein, and the COMTAP database is made available by permission of the OECD. A revised version of this data set is available on CD-ROM.
Performance of an aperture coupled microstrip antenna on LTCC technology at 5.8 GHz

Studies on the performance of an aperture coupled microstrip line-fed patch antennas on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) operating at unlicensed 5.8 GHz frequency band is presented. Observation on the controlling parameters of the aperture coupled antenna on LTCC is conducted to investigate the effect of aperture slot at various layers with different height. The proposed concept of this idea is simulated on Ferro A6M microstrip ceramic substrate and compared with the simulated of aperture coupled antenna on Flame Retardent 4 (FR-4) substrate. The aperture coupled antenna using LTCC and FR4 layout is presented in this paper by using the CST 2011 simulation results.
U.S. Equity Investment in Foreign Markets: Portfolio Rebalancing or Return Chasing?

1995). Our research examines whether the expansion of U.S. investment in foreign equities and the change in the composition of the foreign portfolio over time is consistent with standard models of international portfolio choice. To answer this question, we combine data on cross-border transactions in foreign equities with data on equity returns. Our approach has three important advantages over previous tests of models of international portfolio choice. First, we bring data on asset prices as well as data on the quantities of assets purchased to bear in the empirical tests. ' Second, our testing procedure is robust to time-invariant hedge factors. This is because net purchases reflect changes in portfolio weights, and constant hedge factors that might explain home bias in levels do not affect the adjustment of the port
Automatic Stabilization and Redistribution in Europe and the US

The aim of this book is to evaluate the stabilizing and redistributive role of tax and transfer systems in Europe and the US. In the �first chapter, we briefly introduce the method of counterfactual simulations which is applied throughout this book. Chapter 2 compares the effectiveness of automatic stabilizers in Europe and the US to protect households against income losses and to stabilize aggregate demand. Chapter 3 extends this analysis and asks how much weight European tax and transfer systems put on different income groups to insure them against income shocks. Chapter 4 shifts the focus to the redistributive role of the income tax system in the US during the last three decades and analyzes the direct effects of tax policy reforms on the income distribution. In chapter 5, we �first document how the strength of automatic stabilizers has changed over time in the US. We then estimate in a set of panel regressions for the US states partisan effects on the stabilizing and redistributive capacity of the income tax system.
Bacterial community diversity of the deep-sea octocoral Paramuricea placomus

Compared to tropical corals, much less is known about deep-sea coral biology and ecology. Although the microbial communities of some deep-sea corals have been described, this is the first study to characterize the bacterial community associated with the deep-sea octocoral, Paramuricea placomus. Samples from five colonies of P. placomus were collected from Baltimore Canyon (379–382 m depth) in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of the United States of America. DNA was extracted from the coral samples and 16S rRNA gene amplicons were pyrosequenced using V4-V5 primers. Three samples sequenced deeply (>4,000 sequences each) and were further analyzed. The dominant microbial phylum was Proteobacteria, but other major phyla included Firmicutes and Planctomycetes. A conserved community of bacterial taxa held in common across the three P. placomus colonies was identified, comprising 68–90% of the total bacterial community depending on the coral individual. The bacterial community of P. placomus does not appear to include the genus Endozoicomonas, which has been found previously to be the dominant bacterial associate in several temperate and tropical gorgonians. Inferred functionality suggests the possibility of nitrogen cycling by the core bacterial community.
A beginner's guide to atomic force microscopy probing for cell mechanics

Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) is becoming a prevalent tool in cell biology and biomedical studies, especially those focusing on the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. The newest generation of bio‐AFMs combine ease of use and seamless integration with live‐cell epifluorescence or more advanced optical microscopies. As a unique feature with respect to other bionanotools, AFM provides nanometer‐resolution maps for cell topography, stiffness, viscoelasticity, and adhesion, often overlaid with matching optical images of the probed cells. This review is intended for those about to embark in the use of bio‐AFMs, and aims to assist them in designing an experiment to measure the mechanical properties of adherent cells. In addition to describing the main steps in a typical cell mechanics protocol and explaining how data is analysed, this review will also discuss some of the relevant contact mechanics models available and how they have been used to characterize specific features of cellular and biological samples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:75–84, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online Appendix: How should we measure environmental policy stringency? A new approach

This is the online appendix to the paper “How should we measure environmental policy stringency? A new approach” (Sauter, 2014). The main paper outlines the general methodology proposed to construct environmental policy indexes and proposes a first implementation of a CO2 input index and a CO2 performance index. This online appendix reports the results of the implementation of a SO2 input index, a SO2 performance index, a CH4 input index, a CH4 performance index as well as the broad GHG input index. All of those indexes have been constructed using the methodology outlined in the main paper.
Access to External Finance and Innovation: A Macroeconomic Perspective

This article takes a macroeconomic perspective in studying innovation as one of the channels by which better access to financial markets affects economic development. The GMM difference and system estimators which accommodate country specific heterogeneity, endogenous explanatory variables and measurement errors are used to study a panel of 76 countries from year 1988 to 2010. It is found that better access to external finance is a significant factor positively and rapidly influencing innovation and hence long-run economic growth. This positive effect on innovation is robust to both bank and capital market lending with the adverse effect of reduced access to finance on innovation felt disproportionately by lower income countries. However, the estimations suggest that the magnitude of the bank as opposed to capital market lending channel is greater. Moreover, an analysis of the recent financial crisis reveals that the lack of liquidity had a large role to play in reduction of innovation post-crisis.
Computation and cognition: issues in the foundations of cognitive science

Abstract The computational view of mind rests on certain intuitions regarding the fundamental similarity between computation and cognition. We examine some of these intuitions and suggest that they derive from the fact that computers and human organisms are both physical systems whose behavior is correctly described as being governed by rules acting on symbolic representations. Some of the implications of this view are discussed. It is suggested that a fundamental hypothesis of this approach (the “proprietary vocabulary hypothesis”) is that there is a natural domain of human functioning (roughly what we intuitively associate with perceiving, reasoning, and acting) that can be addressed exclusively in terms of a formal symbolic or algorithmic vocabulary or level of analysis. Much of the paper elaborates various conditions that need to be met if a literal view of mental activity as computation is to serve as the basis for explanatory theories. The coherence of such a view depends on there being a principled distinction between functions whose explanation requires that we posit internal representations and those that we can appropriately describe as merely instantiating causal physical or biological laws. In this paper the distinction is empirically grounded in a methodological criterion called the “cognitive impenetrability condition. ” Functions are said to be cognitively impenetrable if they cannot be influenced by such purely cognitive factors as goals, beliefs, inferences, tacit knowledge, and so on. Such a criterion makes it possible to empirically separate the fixed capacities of mind (called its “functional architecture”) from the particular representations and algorithms used on specific occasions. In order for computational theories to avoid being ad hoc, they must deal effectively with the “degrees of freedom” problem by constraining the extent to which they can be arbitrarily adjusted post hoc to fit some particular set of observations. This in turn requires that the fixed architectural function and the algorithms be independently validated. It is argued that the architectural assumptions implicit in many contemporary models run afoul of the cognitive impenetrability condition, since the required fixed functions are demonstrably sensitive to tacit knowledge and goals. The paper concludes with some tactical suggestions for the development of computational cognitive theories.
Absolute Dimensions of the Unevolved B-Type Eclipsing Binary GG Orionis

We present photometric observations in B and V, as well as spectroscopic observations of the detached, eccentric 6.6 day double-lined eclipsing binary GG Ori, a member of the Orion OB1 association. Absolute dimensions of the components, which are virtually identical, are determined to high accuracy (better than 1% in the masses and better than 2% in the radii) for the purpose of testing various aspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain MA = 2.342 ± 0.016 M⊙ and RA = 1.852 ± 0.025 R⊙ for the primary, and MB = 2.338 ± 0.017 M⊙ and RB = 1.830 ± 0.025 R⊙ for the secondary. The effective temperature of both stars is 9950 ± 200 K, corresponding to a spectral type of B9.5. GG Ori is very close to the zero-age main sequence, and comparison with current stellar evolution models gives ages of 65–82 Myr or 7.7 Myr, depending on whether the system is considered to be burning hydrogen on the main sequence or still in the final stages of pre–main-sequence contraction. Good agreement is found in both scenarios for a composition close to solar. We have detected apsidal motion in the binary at a rate of = 0. °00061 ± 0. °00025 cycle-1, corresponding to an apsidal period of U = 10,700 ± 4500 yr. A substantial fraction of this (∼70%) is due to the contribution from general relativity, and our measurement is entirely consistent with theory. The eccentric orbit of GG Ori is well explained by tidal evolution models, but both theory and our measurements of the rotational velocity of the components are as yet inconclusive as to whether the stars are synchronized with the orbital motion.
Allocating recycled significance levels in group sequential procedures for multiple endpoints

Graphical approaches have been proposed in the literature for testing hypotheses on multiple endpoints by recycling significance levels from rejected hypotheses to unrejected ones. Recently, they have been extended to group sequential procedures (GSPs). Our focus in this paper is on the allocation of recycled significance levels from rejected hypotheses to the stages of the GSPs for unrejected hypotheses. We propose a delayed recycling method that allocates the recycled significance level from Stage r onward, where r is prespecified. We show that r cannot be chosen adaptively to coincide with the random stage at which the hypothesis from which the significance level is recycled is rejected. Such an adaptive GSP does not always control the FWER. One can choose r to minimize the expected sample size for a given power requirement. We illustrate how a simulation approach can be used for this purpose. Several examples, including a clinical trial example, are given to illustrate the proposed procedure.
Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon.

The authors investigated the lexical entry for morphologically complex words in English. Six experiments, using a cross-modal repetition priming task, asked whether the lexical entry for derivationally suffixed and prefixed words is morphologically structured and how this relates to the semantic and phonological transparency of the surface relationship between stem and affix. There was clear evidence for morphological decomposition of semantically transparent forms. This was independent of phonological transparency, suggesting that morphemic representations are phonologically abstract. Semantically opaque forms, in contrast, behave like monomorphemic words. Overall, suffixed and prefixed derived words and their stems prime each other through shared morphemes in the lexical entry, except for pairs of suffixed forms, which show a cohort-based interference effect