Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near and far space: Understanding the neural mechanisms of spatial attention

Visuospatial neglect is a multicomponent syndrome, and one dissociation reported is between neglect for near (peripersonal) and far (extrapersonal) space. Owing to patient heterogeneity and extensive lesions, it is difficult to determine the precise neural mechanisms underlying this dissociation using clinical methodology. In this study, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine the involvement of three areas in the undamaged brain, while participants completed a conjunction search task in near and far space. The brain areas investigated were right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC), right frontal eye field (rFEF), and right ventral occipital cortex (rVO), each of which has been implicated in visuospatial processing. The results revealed a double dissociation, whereby rPPC was involved for search in near space only, whilst rVO only became necessary when the task was completed in far space. These data provide clear evidence for a dorsal and ventral dissociation between the processing of near and far space, which is compatible with the functional roles previously attributed to the two streams. For example, the involvement of the dorsal stream in near space reflects its role in vision for action, because it is within this spatial location that actions can be performed. The results also revealed that rFEF is involved in the processing of visual search in both near and far space and may contribute to visuospatial attention and/or the control of eye‐movements irrespective of spatial frame. We discuss our results with respect to their clear ramifications for clinical diagnosis and neurorehabilitation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor

ABSTRACT A new method for quantifying the total ozone column (TOC) using a smartphone image sensor has been developed and validated. The TOC has been evaluated for relatively cloud free days at high air masses for solar zenith angles between 49.7° and 76.7° at a sub-tropical site. The method is based on the evaluation of the direct solar irradiances at 305 and 312 nm using the red colour pixel values of the solar disc recorded at these wavelengths by a smartphone camera. Narrow bandpass filters of 2 nm full width at half maximum at each of the two wavelengths were used in turn placed over the camera sensor to directly image the solar disc. The calibration of the pixel values of the solar disc to provide the direct solar irradiances at each of these two wavelengths allowed evaluation of the TOC calibrated to a portable sun photometer. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the smartphone-derived ozone values calibrated to corresponding values from a portable sun photometer was 4.3 Dobson Units (DU). The validation measurements for the smartphone-derived ozone values provided an average residual of 3.5% (up to a maximum of 11%) compared to the corresponding portable sun photometer values, with an RMSE of 8.4 DU during days of intermittent inclement weather conditions. The evaluation of the TOC based on a widely available device such as a smartphone has the potential to increase current citizen science initiatives valued by the general public and school-aged learners by enhancing knowledge and awareness of ozone and the resulting influences on the solar ultraviolet environment.
Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals

The quantum properties of the fluorescence light emitted by diamond nanocrystals containing a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colored center are investigated. We have observed photon antibunching with very low background light. This system is therefore a very good candidate for the production of single photon on demand. In addition, we have measured a larger NV center lifetime in nanocrystals than in the bulk, in good agreement with a simple quantum electrodynamical model.
Effects of Habitat Type and Drying on Ascogregarina barretti (Eugregarinida: Lecudinidae) Infection in Aedes triseritatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract The intensity and prevalence of parasitism by Ascogregarina barretti (Vavra) in Aedes triseriatus (Say) did not differ between tires and tree holes in field samples taken in September 1996. There was significant variation in the intensity of parasitism among containers that was not significantly correlated with the pH, conductivity, or temperature of the container water. In an experiment manipulating habitat drying, treatments had a significant effect on A. barretti infection of Ae. triseriatus, only during midsummer in one of two years. Containers maintained at maximal volume had the lowest prevalence of parasitism, and containers that dried out had the greatest prevalence. In this experiment, there was also a season-dependent difference in the intensity and prevalence of infection between tree holes and tires. The first larvae to reach the fourth instar in tires in the early summer had lower intensity and prevalence of infection than did larvae in tree holes during the same period. The seasonal difference in intensity of parasitism between tires and tree holes was not related to differences in pH, conductivity, and temperature.
Resynchronization for Embedded Multiprocessors

This paper introduces a technique, called resynchronization, for reducing synchronization overhead in embedded multiprocessor implementations. The technique exploits the well-known observation [39] that in a given multiprocessor implementation, certain synchronization operations may be redundant in the sense that their associated sequencing requirements are ensured by other synchronizations in the system. The goal of resynchronization is to introduce new synchronizations in such a way that the number of additional synchronizations that become redundant exceeds the number of new synchronizations that are added, and thus the net synchronization cost is reduced. First, we define the general form of our resynchronization problem; we show that it is NP hard by establishing a correspondence to the set covering problem; and based on this correspondence, we specify how an arbitray heuristic for set covering can be applied to yield a heuristic for resynchronization. Next, we show that for a certain class of applications, optimal resynchronizations can be computed efficiently by means of pipelining. These pipelined solutions, however, can suffer from significantly increased latency, and this motivates the latency-constrained resynchronization problem, which we address for a restricted class of graphs that permit efficient computation of latency. Again using a reduction from set covering (although the construction is significantly different), we show that latency-constrained resynchronization is NP hard. However, we show that for the special case in which there are only two processors, latency-constrained resynchronization can be solved in polynomial time. We also present a heuristic for latency-constrained resynchronization, and through a practical example, we demonstrate that this heuristic gives an efficient means for systematically trading off between synchronization overhead and latency.
HEAT UNIT REQUIREMENT AND VALIDATION OF INFOCROP MODEL FOR Bt- COTTON IN MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC REGION

Cotton [Gossypium hirsutum. ) is one of the important fibre crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of World. It being long duration its response to yield varies with variety and sowing time. It is raised in fchanf supplemental irrigation facilities are available. Bt-cotton is now being grown in most parts of Gujarat. Since the effect of weather on crop yield is complex, it needs deeper and clear unders tanding of climatic factors affecting the growth and yield of cotton. A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of the year 2012 at Agronomy farm of B. A. College of Agriculture. In a split plot design with two Bt-cotton cultivars viz., Vikram-5 (Vi) and RCH-2 (V2) as a main plot treatment and three dates of sowing 25*^ May (Di), 10*^ J u n e (D2)and 25^^ J u n e (D3) a s sub-plot t reatment with four replications. Three dates of sowing provided three different environment in terms of thermal and
On the computational content of convergence proofs via Banach limits

This paper addresses new developments in the ongoing proof mining programme, i.e. the use of tools from proof theory to extract effective quantitative information from prima facie ineffective proofs in analysis. Very recently, the current authors developed a method of extracting rates of metastability (as defined by Tao) from convergence proofs in nonlinear analysis that are based on Banach limits and so (for all that is known) rely on the axiom of choice. In this paper, we apply this method to a proof due to Shioji and Takahashi on the convergence of Halpern iterations in spaces X with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. We design a logical metatheorem guaranteeing the extractability of highly uniform rates of metastability under the stronger condition of the uniform smoothness of X. Combined with our method of eliminating Banach limits, this yields a full quantitative analysis of the proof by Shioji and Takahashi. We also give a sufficient condition for the computability of the rate of convergence of Halpern iterations.
Metabolizable Energy and Digestibility Estimates of mixed Diets of Crop By-Products as Readily Available Feeds for Small Ruminants

DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2017. 8.101417150 The Metabolizable energy and digestibility estimates of mixed rations containing crop by-products as feeds for small ruminants was investigated using the in vitro gas production technique. Four concentrate feed mixtures of maize (TM), Cassava peel (TCP), Plantain peel (TPP) and Yam peel (TYP) in a roughage base of Panicum maximum in the ratio of 40%: 60% was formulated as potential readily available diets for small ruminants. Results reveal that the TCP supplemented energy based diets possess a higher ME value than the ME values for the plantain peel TPP, TM and TYP supplemented diets. The ME values recorded for TCP and TPP were within the recommended ME values for an average diet (6 – 13 MJ/kg/DM); hence can fulfill the energy requirements for small ruminants when utilized. Similarly, the TYP and TPP treatment groups recorded the highest value of SCFAs, hence being a major source of energy as well as a building block for milk synthesis. The diet containing TCP recorded the highest organic matter digestibility (OMD) after 24 hours of incubation. It is therefore recommended that non-conventional feedstuffs such as crop by-products could be better substitutes as energy sources in sheep and goat diets on account of their nutritional value in terms of metabolizable energy (ME), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) as well as their ready availability and predominance, cheapness and better economic gains to small ruminant farmers. Submitted: 14/10/2017 Accepted: 23/10/2017 Published: 30/10/2017
A Categorical Approach to Data Fusion

Using suitable topoi of presheaves, a categorical definition of measure is given. When the general definition is specialized to particular categories made of sets of possibility, probability or imprecise probability measures, the internal language of the corresponding topos gives a valid and complete proof system for the corresponding semantics. An application of this method to data fusion in mobile robotics is presented
Regulation of Escherichia coli cell division genes ftsA and ftsZ by the two‐component system rcsC–rcsB

Genes rcsC and rcsB form a two‐component system in which rcsC encodes the sensor element and rcsB the regulator. In Escherichia coli, the system positively regulates the expression of the capsule operon, cps, and of the cell division gene ftsZ. We report the identification of the promoter and of the sequences required for rcsB‐dependent stimulation of ftsZ expression. The promoter, ftsA1p, located in the ftsQ coding sequence, co‐regulates ftsA and ftsZ. The sequences required for rcsB activity are immediately adjacent to this promoter.
An immunoinformatic approach for identification of Trypanosoma cruzi HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes

Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease caused by persistent chronic infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. An estimated 8 million people are infected with T. cruzi, however only 2 drugs are approved for treatment and no vaccines are available. Thus there is an urgent need to develop vaccines and new drugs to prevent and treat Chagas disease. In this work, we identify T cell targets relevant for human infection with T. cruzi. The trans-sialidase (TS) gene family is a large family of homologous genes within the T. cruzi genome encoding over 1,400 members. There are 12 highly conserved TS gene family members which encode enzymatically active TS (functional TS; F-TS), while the remaining TS family genes are less conserved, enzymatically inactive and have been hypothesized to be involved in immune evasion (non-functional TS; NF-TS). We utilized immunoinformatic tools to identify HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes conserved within F-TS family members and NF-TS gene family members. We also utilized a whole-genome approach to identify T cell epitopes present within genes which have previously been shown to be expressed in life stages relevant for human infection (Non-TS genes). Thirty immunogenic HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified using IFN-γ ELISPOT assays after vaccination of humanized HLA-A2 transgenic mice with mature dendritic cells pulsed with F-TS, NF-TS, and Non-TS peptide pools. The immunogenic HLA-A2-restricted T cell epitopes identified in this work may serve as potential components of an epitope-based T cell targeted vaccine for Chagas disease.
Switching and Data Injection Attacks on Stochastic Cyber-Physical Systems

In this article, we consider the problem of attack-resilient state estimation, that is, to reliably estimate the true system states despite two classes of attacks: (i) attacks on the switching mechanisms and (ii) false data injection attacks on actuator and sensor signals, in the presence of stochastic process and measurement noise signals. We model the systems under attack as hidden mode stochastic switched linear systems with unknown inputs and propose the use of a multiple-model inference algorithm to tackle these security issues. Moreover, we characterize fundamental limitations to resilient estimation (e.g., upper bound on the number of tolerable signal attacks) and discuss the topics of attack detection, identification, and mitigation under this framework. Simulation examples of switching and false data injection attacks on a benchmark system and an IEEE 68-bus test system show the efficacy of our approach to recover resilient (i.e., asymptotically unbiased) state estimates as well as to identify and mitigate the attacks.
Knowledge, uptake and availability of health and social services among Asian Gujarati and white elderly persons.

OBJECTIVES To investigate factors affecting the uptake of health and social services by elderly Asian Gujarati. METHODS Four hundred and five Hindu Gujaratis and 381 whites aged 65 years and over residing in Leicester were randomly sampled from the Leicestershire District FHSA list by a computerized method based on linguistic analysis of the patient's name. One hundred and fifty Hindu Gujaratis and 152 whites were interviewed with response rates of 72% for the Asian Gujaratis and 80% for the white groups. The outcome measures were the activities of daily living (ADLs), incontinence, auditory/ visual deficits, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment (measured by the Mini-mental State Examination), depression, use of GP and hospital services, knowledge of community health and social services, willingness to use, suitability and cultural accessibility. RESULTS The poorer uptake of services by elderly Asian Gujarati could not be explained by better health. They were significantly more likely to be dependent in six of the 14 ADLs and had higher rates of diabetes and impaired vision. Significantly more Asian Gujaratis than whites lived with others (84 versus 52%, p < 0.0001) with a greater availability of alternative sources of help and support. The knowledge and understanding of services were significantly poorer in the Gujarati group; fewer Asian Gujaratis knew how to apply for services and of those applying, fewer had been successful. Where services had been obtained, the levels of dissatisfaction were higher in the Gujarati group. The literacy rates were low in the Gujarati sample with 79% being unable to read or write in English and 27% unable to read or write in their mother tongue. CONCLUSIONS The lower uptake of services by elderly Asian Gujarati is not the result of better health but may be explained by greater family support together with a lack of knowledge of and dissatisfaction with what is available. Health services will need to reappraise and revise some of their practices if they are to cater adequately for this growing population with many needs as yet unmet.
Detection and Typing of Human Papilloma Virus by Multiplex PCR with Type-Specific Primers

The primary underlying cause of cervical cancer is infection with one or more high-risk (HR) types of the human papilloma virus (HPV). Detection and typing of HPV have been commonly carried out by PCR-based assays, where HPV detection and typing are two separate procedures. Here, we present a multiplex PCR-based HPV typing assay that detects 20 HPV types (15 HR, 3 probably HR and 2 low risk) using type-specific primers and agarose gel electrophoresis. 46 cervical, urethral, and biopsy samples were analyzed by both Multiplex PCR and PGMY09/11 consensus PCR, and results were compared. 611 samples were further analyzed by Multiplex PCR, 282 were positive for HR HPV, and 101 showed multiple HR HPV infections. The relatively ease and economic accessibility of the method and its improved ability to detect high-risk HPV types in multiple HPV-infected samples make it an attractive option for HPV testing.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S6 Tables S1 and S2 Database S1 Antisocial Punishment across Societies

A sea-level rise Dsl pushes the entire oceanic lithosphere down; thus, the resulting sea-level rise Dsl is less than the changing mean ocean basement depth Dh, which is computed without this effect. as well as from careful reviews by M. Kominz, R. O'Connell, and an anonymous reviewer, which improved the paper substantially. Ideas for New Jersey margin mantle-driven subsidence evolved during a sabbatical at the California Institute of Technology in discussions with M. Gurnis and S. Spasojevic. We document the widespread existence of antisocial punishment, that is, the sanctioning of people who behave prosocially. Our evidence comes from public goods experiments that we conducted in 16 comparable participant pools around the world. However, there is a huge cross-societal variation. Some participant pools punished the high contributors as much as they punished the low contributors, whereas in others people only punished low contributors. In some participant pools, antisocial punishment was strong enough to remove the cooperation-enhancing effect of punishment. We also show that weak norms of civic cooperation and the weakness of the rule of law in a country are significant predictors of antisocial punishment. Our results show that punishment opportunities are socially beneficial only if complemented by strong social norms of cooperation. R ecent research has shown that altruistic punishment, that is, a person's propensity to incur a cost in order to punish free-loaders who fail to pull their weight in cooperative endeavors, can explain why genetically unrelated individuals are often able to maintain high levels of socially beneficial cooperation (1–4). This holds even when direct and indirect reciprocity (5, 6) or laws and regulations provide no incentives to behave cooperatively (7). In this paper, we direct attention to a phenomenon that [with a few exceptions (8–10)] has been largely neglected: People might punish not only freeloaders, but cooperators too. For example , participants who had been punished in the past for contributing too little might retaliate against the cooperators because the cooperators are precisely those individuals most likely to punish the free-riding low contributors. Our experimental evidence from 16 participant pools with various cultural and economic backgrounds shows that antisocial punishment of prosocial coopera-tors is indeed widespread in many participant pools; interestingly, the participant pools in which most of the previous research on altruistic punishment has been conducted form the main exception. Our observation of antisocial punishment grew out of our research goal to understand whether there are cross-societal …
The Raine Syndrome Protein FAM20C Is a Golgi Kinase That Phosphorylates Bio-Mineralization Proteins

Raine syndrome is caused by mutations in FAM20C, which had been reported to encode a secreted component of bone and teeth. We found that FAM20C encodes a Golgi-localized protein kinase, distantly related to the Golgi-localized kinase Four-jointed. Drosophila also encode a Golgi-localized protein kinase closely related to FAM20C. We show that FAM20C can phosphorylate secreted phosphoproteins, including both Casein and members of the SIBLING protein family, which modulate biomineralization, and we find that FAM20C phosphorylates a biologically active peptide at amino acids essential for inhibition of biomineralization. We also identify autophosphorylation of FAM20C, and characterize parameters of FAM20C’s kinase activity, including its Km, pH and cation dependence, and substrate specificity. The biochemical properties of FAM20C match those of an enzymatic activity known as Golgi casein kinase. Introduction of point mutations identified in Raine syndrome patients into recombinant FAM20C impairs its normal localization and kinase activity. Our results identify FAM20C as a kinase for secreted phosphoproteins and establish a biochemical basis for Raine syndrome.
Tobacco use and increased colorectal cancer risk in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).

BACKGROUND The marked variability in age at onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) makes management decisions difficult. Environmental factors governing the phenotypic variability of cancer-associated syndromes such as HNPCC have not been elucidated. METHODS We determined whether tobacco use would alter CRC risk in carriers of HNPCC-associated mutations, using a retrospective cohort study of germline mutation (hMLH1 or hMSH2) carriers from the Hereditary Cancer Institute at Creighton University, one of the oldest and largest registries of HNPCC patients. The main outcome measure was age at CRC onset, estimated by means of Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS Tobacco use, hMLH1 mutation carriage (as opposed to hMSH2), and male sex were significantly associated with increased risk of CRC (hazard ratios, 1.43, 2.07, and 1.58, respectively). Alcohol use did not alter CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation should be an integral part of HNPCC management. This study underscores the gene x environment interactions in cancer development.