Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracing epithelial stem cells during development, homeostasis, and repair

Epithelia ensure many critical functions of the body, including protection against the external environment, nutrition, respiration, and reproduction. Stem cells (SCs) located in the various epithelia ensure the homeostasis and repair of these tissues throughout the lifetime of the animal. Genetic lineage tracing in mice has allowed the labeling of SCs and their progeny. This technique has been instrumental in characterizing the origin and heterogeneity of epithelial SCs, their tissue location, and their differentiation potential under physiological conditions and during tissue regeneration.
Hubungan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Pengetua dengan Kepuasan Kerja Guru

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau hubungan di antara persepsi guru tentang kepemimpinan transformasional pengetua dengan kepuasan kerja guru. Kajian ini melibatkan 241 orang guru terlatih di tiga belas buah sekolah menengah di daerah Bentong, Pahang Darul Makmur. 80al selidik yang digunakan untuk mendapat persepsi guru mengenai kepemimpinan transformasional ialah Transformasional Leadership Behavior Inventory, diubahsuai oleh Aminuddin (1998). Enam dimensi kepemimpinan pengetua dikaji dalam kajian ini iaitu mengenal pasti dan menyatakan visi, membekalkan model yang sesuai, menggalakkan penerimaan matlamat kumpulan, mempunyai jangkaan pencapaian yang tinggi, pertimbangan individu, stimulasi kebijaksanaan. 80al selidik yang digunakan untuk mendapat maklumat mengenai kepuasan kerja guru ialah Job Descriptive Index, diubahsuai oleh Majid Konting (1991). Enam dimensi kepuasan kerja dikaji iaitu keadaan pekerjaan sekarang, gaji, peluang kenaikan pangkat, penyeliaan, rakan sekerja dan keadaan pekerjaan keseluruhan. Setiap soal selidik dibekal dengan skala likert lima markat, di mana 1 =sangat tidak setuju, 2=tidak setuju, 3=tidak pasti, 4=setuju. 5=sangat setuju. Kajian menunjukkan kepemimpinan transformasional pengetua adalah pada tahap sederhana (min=3.16). Tahap kepemimpinan bagi setiap dimensi kepemimpinan transformasional juga pada tahap sederhana. Di samping itu, kepuasan kerja guru adalah pada tahap sederhana (min=2.90). Secara keseluruhannya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan sangat tinggi (r=0.89, p<0.05) di antara kepemimpinan transformasional pengetua dengan kepuasan kerja guru. Adalah dicadangkan pihak Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri dan Pejabat Pendidikan Oaerah harus merangka kursus kepemimpinan dan pengurusan kepada para pengetua untuk memahami cara kepemimpinan yang efektif.
Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud--resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 cloud intensive operational period

[1] This study quantitatively evaluates the overall performance of nine single-column models (SCMs) and four cloud-resolving models (CRMs) in simulating a strong midlatitude frontal cloud system taken from the spring 2000 Cloud Intensive Observational Period at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. The evaluation data are an analysis product of constrained variational analysis of the ARM observations and the cloud data collected from the ARM ground active remote sensors (i.e., cloud radar, lidar, and laser ceilometers) and satellite retrievals. Both the selected SCMs and CRMs can typically capture the bulk characteristics of the frontal system and the frontal precipitation. However, there are significant differences in detailed structures of the frontal clouds. Both CRMs and SCMs overestimate high thin cirrus clouds before the main frontal passage. During the passage of a front with strong upward motion, CRMs underestimate middle and low clouds while SCMs overestimate clouds at the levels above 765 hPa. All CRMs and some SCMs also underestimated the middle clouds after the frontal passage. There are also large differences in the model simulations of cloud condensates owing to differences in parameterizations; however, the differences among intercompared models are smaller in the CRMs than the SCMs. In general, the CRM-simulated cloud water and ice are comparable with observations, while most SCMs underestimated cloud water. SCMs show huge biases varying from large overestimates to equally large underestimates of cloud ice. Many of these model biases could be traced to the lack of subgrid-scale dynamical structure in the applied forcing fields and the lack of organized mesoscale hydrometeor advections. Other potential reasons for these model errors are also discussed in the paper.
Short- and long-run goals in ultimatum bargaining: impatience predicts spite-based behavior

The ultimatum game (UG) is widely used to study human bargaining behavior and fairness norms. In this game, two players have to agree on how to split a sum of money. The proposer makes an offer, which the responder can accept or reject. If the responder rejects, neither player gets anything. The prevailing view is that, beyond self-interest, the desire to equalize both players’ payoffs (i.e., fairness) is the crucial motivation in the UG. Based on this view, previous research suggests that fairness is a short-run oriented motive that conflicts with the long-run goal of self-interest. However, competitive spite, which reflects an antisocial (not norm-based) desire to minimize others’ payoffs, can also account for the behavior observed in the UG, and has been linked to short-run, present-oriented aspirations as well. In this paper, we explore the relationship between individuals’ intertemporal preferences and their behavior in a citywide dual-role UG experiment (N = 713). We find that impatience (short-run orientation) predicts the rejection of low, “unfair” offers as responder and the proposal of low, “unfair” offers as proposer, which is consistent with spitefulness but inconsistent with fairness motivations. This behavior systematically reduces the payoffs of those who interact with impatient individuals. Thus, impatient individuals appear to be keen to minimize their partners’ share of the pie, even at the risk of destroying it. These findings indicate that competitively reducing other’s payoffs, rather than fairness (or self-interest), is the short-run goal in ultimatum bargaining.
Emerging food-borne zoonoses.

Diarrhoeal diseases, almost all of which are caused by food-borne or waterborne microbial pathogens, are leading causes of illness and death in less developed countries, killing an estimated 1.9 million people annually at the global level. Even in developed countries, it is estimated that up to one third of the population are affected by microbiological food-borne diseases each year. The majority of the pathogens causing this significant disease burden are now considered to be zoonotic. The occurrence of some of these zoonotic pathogens seems to have increased significantly over recent years. The factors involved in such increases have not been well studied, but they are generally agreed to include changes in animal production systems and in the food production chain. Both types of changes can cause corresponding changes in patterns of exposure to the pathogens and the susceptibility pattern of the human population. This paper will not attempt a more in-depth analysis of such factors. The authors briefly describe five of the most important emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogens: Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. , enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum. The paper does not include a full description of all important emerging food-borne pathogens but instead provides a description of the present situation, as regards these globally more important pathogens. In addition, the authors describe each pathogen according to the new framework of a Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) microbiological risk assessment, which consists of hazard identification and characterisation, exposure assessment and risk characterisation. Moreover, the authors provide a brief account of attempts at risk mitigation, as well as suggestions for risk management for some of these pathogens, based on thorough international FAO/WHO risk assessments. The authors emphasise the importance of science-based programmes for the continued reduction of pathogens at relevant points of the 'farm-to-fork' food production chain, as this is the only sustainable basis for further reducing risks to human health in the area of preventable food-borne diseases.
A Test Method for Damage Diagnosis of Suspension Bridge Suspender Cables

Suspender cables are one of the most vulnerable components of a suspension bridge; therefore, development of effective methods for damage detection is imperative. Many previous damage detection methods require an accurate finite element model, which is often difficult to obtain. This article proposes a model‐free test method for damage diagnosis of suspender cables that avoids this problem. The method includes two procedures: the mean normalized curvature difference procedure and the curvature difference probability procedure. Numerical results for single and multiple damage cases indicate that: (1) both procedures can be effective for damage diagnosis of suspender cables; (2) small damage can be more easily diagnosed in long suspender cables than short ones, for example, 5% stiffness reduction in long suspender cables can be diagnosed; and (3) noise is generally not a problem, because the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be improved by increasing the pulse excitation magnitude for a suspender cable. The proposed test method does not eliminate the need for manual inspection, but changes it from observation to a more quantified method. All of these points increase the potential of the proposed method for practical applications.
On n-quantifier induction

In this paper we discuss subsystems of number theory based on restrictions on induction in terms of quantifiers, and we show that all the natural formulations of ‘n-quantifier induction’ are reducible to one of two (for n ≠ 0) nonequivalent normal forms: the axiom of induction restricted to (or, equivalently, ) formulae and the rule of induction restricted to formulae. Let Z0 be classical elementary number theory with a symbol and defining equations for each Kalmar elementary function, and the rule of induction restricted to quantifier-free formulae. Given the schema let IAn be the restriction of IA to formulae of Z0 with ≤n nested quantifiers, IAn′ to formulae with ≤n nested quantifiers, disregarding bounded quantifiers, the restriction to formulae, the restriction to , formulae. IRn, IRn′, , are analogous. Then, we show that, for every n, , , IAn, and IAn′, are all equivalent modulo Z0. The corresponding statement does not hold for IR. We show that, if n ≠ 0, is reducible to ; evidently IRn is reducible to . On the other hand, IRn′ is obviously equivalent to IAn′ [10, Lemma 2].
Diode Laser Transscleral Retinopexy in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transscleral diode laser for retinopexy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Methods Conventional retinal detachment surgery with transscleral diode laser retinopexy was performed on 52 eyes of 52 patients (22 female, 30 male), aged from 12 to 74 years (mean 51 + 4.1). Results Of the 52 eyes 36 (69%) were reattached in a single operation and adequate chorioretinal scars were achieved in 34 of them. Additional transpupillary laser photocoagulation was performed in two cases in the postoperative period. Retinal re-attachment was achieved with exoplant revision and transscleral laser retinopexy in six cases (12%). Ten cases (19%) with severe PVR were reattached with vitreoretinal surgery. Conclusions Transscleral diode laser retinopexy was an effective and safe method, with accurate lesion location, concurrent permanent laser marks on the retina, and easy transmission through the extraocular muscles and solid buckling elements. Minor complications were minimized by gaining experience with the technique.
The Case for Heterogeneous Wireless MACs

Current 802.11 WLANs rely on the 802.11 MAC (medium access control) and careful channel assignment to resolve intraand inter-BSS (basic service set) interferences respectively. However, because wireless transmissions interfere with each other in a range that is larger than the communication range and because there is only a very limited number of orthogonal channels, an 802.11 client contends with not only the clients located in the same BSS, but also the clients located in other BSS’s operating on the same or overlapping channels. Consequently, the well-known hidden/exposed terminal problem emerges and causes serious packet losses and flow starvation. In this paper, we show that the hidden/exposed terminal problem is the result of context-dependent channel status assessment, which is often incomplete at an 802.11 transceiver and inconsistent at different contending transceivers. A MAC protocol that is homogeneous across the contending transceivers, for the good reason of inter-operability, cannot produce accurate channel status assessment for all of them, and is therefore ineffective in dealing with the hidden/exposed terminal problem. We then explore a simple self-learning approach that leads to structurally heterogeneous MAC protocol designs. These MAC protocols are tailored to the specific context of the sender and the receiver to compensate their context-dependent channel status assessment. A single set of signaling messages are defined for inter-operability among heterogeneous MAC protocols and backward compatibility with the legacy 802.11 MAC. The preliminary simulation results show that heterogeneous MAC protocols handle intra/inter-BSS interferences induced hidden/exposed problem very well. Our method opens new space for wireless network protocol designs, and can potentially be applied to solve other open network problems. 1. 802.11 INTERFERENCE MITIGATION The current deployment of 802.11 WLANs relies on channel assignment to resolve inter-BSS (basic service set) interferences. To this end, a minimum number of N ≥ 1 3 `
Ultrasound and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Transabdominal bowel sonography is a fast, efficient, and cheap way of examining the intestines. It is also virtually hazard-free and well accepted by patients. During the last 20 years, it has been established as a procedure for detecting bowel disease early in the diagnostic workup. Although rather unspecific, the method is sensitive for detection of bowel disease and can be applied to find the extent and location of inflammatory bowel disease. In patients with known ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, it can also be used for follow-up because it is easily repeatable and radiation-free. Because it can be applied to find both intraluminal and peri-intestinal pathological features, it is a particularly valuable tool for the detection of complications of Crohn disease as stenosis, fistulas, and abscesses. Neither B-mode nor Doppler techniques have been proven obviously useful in categorizing disease activity, but new techniques using intravenous contrast might come closer to solving this question. Finally, recent longitudinal studies using transabdominal bowel sonography show that it can also give important prognostic information and be used for monitoring the effect of therapy.
A patient‐centered symptom monitoring and reporting system for children and young adults with cancer (SyMon‐SAYS)

This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing a patient‐centered, technology‐based symptom monitoring and reporting system (SyMon‐SAYS) in pediatric oncology clinics using fatigue as a prototypic symptom. Timely identification of symptoms related to multi‐modal therapy for children with cancer is fundamental to the overall success of cancer treatment. SyMon‐SAYS was developed to address this need.
Endothelial progenitor cells, atheroma burden and clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease

Objective We wished to determine the effect of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on putative endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) populations, and define their relationship to coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and clinical outcome, in order to clarify their clinical relevance. Design and setting A prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary referral cardiac centre. Patients Two-hundred-and-one patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected angina or ACS. Main outcome measures Putative EPC populations were determined by flow cytometry. CAD was quantified using the Gensini scoring system. Survival free from revascularisation, recurrent myocardial infarction and death were determined at 3 years. Results Circulating CD34+VEGFR-2+ and CD34+VEGFR-2+CD133+ cells were rare (<0.007% of mononuclear cells), were not increased in patients with ACS, and were unrelated CAD severity or clinical outcome (p>0.1 for all). By contrast, CD34+CD45− cells were increased in patients with CAD compared with those with normal coronary arteries (p=0.008) and correlated with atheroma burden (r=0.44, p<0.001). Increased concentrations of circulating CD34+CD45− cells were associated with a shorter cumulative event-free survival (p<0.02). Proangiogenic monocytes (CD14+VEGFR-2+Tie-2+) and endothelial cell-colony forming units were increased in patients with ACS (p<0.01 for both), however, concentrations reflected myocardial necrosis, and did not predict the extent of CAD or clinical outcome. Conclusions Traditional EPC populations, CD34+VEGFR-2+ and CD34+VEGFR-2+CD133+ are not related to the extent of CAD or clinical outcome. However, CD34+CD45− cells are increased in patients with CAD and predict future cardiovascular events. It is likely that CD34+CD45− concentrations reflect the extent of vascular injury and atheroma burden.
A Review of Trabectedin (ET-743): A Unique Mechanism of Action

Trabectedin (ET-743) is a marine alkaloid isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, with a chemical structure characterized by three fused tetrahydroisoquinoline rings. Two of these rings (subunits A and B) provide the framework for covalent interaction with the minor groove of the DNA double helix, whereas the third ring (subunit C) protrudes from the DNA duplex, apparently allowing interactions with adjacent nuclear proteins. The compound's chemical interactions trigger a cascade of events that interfere with several transcription factors, DNA binding proteins, and DNA repair pathways, likely to be different from other DNA-interacting agents. Trabectedin also causes modulation of the production of cytokines and chemokines by tumor and normal cells, suggesting that the antitumor activity could also be ascribed to changes in the tumor microenvironment. The promising data on the combination of trabectedin with other anticancer agents, observed in preclinical systems, have prompted several clinical studies that are currently ongoing. One of these combinations (trabectedin-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin) was recently authorized by the European Commission for the treatment of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2157–63. ©2010 AACR.
Learned EEG-based brain self-regulation of motor-related oscillations during application of transcranial electric brain stimulation: feasibility and limitations

Objective: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves motor learning and can affect emotional processing and attention. However, it is unclear whether learned electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-machine interface (BMI) control during tDCS is feasible, how application of transcranial electric currents during BMI control would interfere with feature-extraction of physiological brain signals and how it affects brain control performance. Here we tested this combination and evaluated stimulation-dependent artifacts across different EEG frequencies and stability of motor imagery-based BMI control. Approach: Ten healthy volunteers were invited to two BMI-sessions, each comprising two 60-trial blocks. During the trials, learned desynchronization of mu-rhythms (8–15 Hz) associated with motor imagery (MI) recorded over C4 was translated into online cursor movements on a computer screen. During block 2, either sham (session A) or anodal tDCS (session B) was applied at 1 mA with the stimulation electrode placed 1 cm anterior of C4. Main results: tDCS was associated with a significant signal power increase in the lower frequencies most evident in the signal spectrum of the EEG channel closest to the stimulation electrode. Stimulation-dependent signal power increase exhibited a decay of 12 dB per decade, leaving frequencies above 9 Hz unaffected. Analysis of BMI control performance did not indicate a difference between blocks and tDCS conditions. Conclusion: Application of tDCS during learned EEG-based self-regulation of brain oscillations above 9 Hz is feasible and safe, and might improve applicability of BMI systems.
Positive Effect of HPA Lanolin versus Expressed Breastmilk on Painful and Damaged Nipples during Lactation

Painful and/or damaged nipples associated with breastfeeding are common and represent a challenge for both the persons experiencing nipple pain and/or trauma and for those providing treatment. However, evidence-based data has been insufficient to demonstrably minimize these common reasons for failure to initiate or continue successful breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of specific-grade highly purified anhydrous (HPA) lanolin versus expressed breastmilk (EBM) for the treatment of painful and damaged nipples associated with breastfeeding in a prospective controlled clinical trial evaluating 84 lactating mothers. Nipple trauma and healing rates were rated by the Nipple Trauma Score. Nipple pain intensity was assessed on a visual analog scale. Outcome parameters were in favor of the HPA lanolin group, reaching statistical significance for healing rates, nipple trauma and nipple pain. In our study, we found HPA lanolin more effective than EBM, inducing faster healing of nipple trauma (absolute risk reduction of 0.43) and reducing nipple pain (absolute risk reduction of 0.61 on day 3). We concluded that HPA lanolin, combined with breastfeeding education, was more effective than EBM, combined with breastfeeding education, in reducing nipple pain and promoting healing of nipple trauma.
Invasive lobular carcinoma of the male breast – a systematic review with an illustrative case study

Male breast cancer is rare, comprising only 1% of all mammary cancers; invasive ductal carcinoma is by far the commonest subtype in both men and women. Though lobular breast cancer is the second most common subtype seen in women, such cancers are extremely uncommon in men, and this is likely related to the lack of lobular development in the male breast. Thus, due to the rarity of this subtype among breast cancers, compounded by the overall rarity of breast cancer in men, current understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and its management is largely derived from case series and extrapolation of information from the larger cohort of female patients. This paper provides a systematic review on invasive lobular carcinoma of the male breast in the context of an illustrative case study. A comprehensive analysis of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data 1973–2013 leading to an exploration of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and management of lobular breast carcinoma in men is also discussed. Lobular subtype of breast cancer remains an enigmatic elusive disease that needs additional research to unravel its overall pathogenesis and molecular profile to provide insight for improved therapeutic management options.