Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Egyptian Patient with End Stage Liver Disease Prior to Liver Transplantation

Background and Aim: Patients with advanced liver disease have several risk factors to develop nutritional deficiencies. Accurate nutritional assessment is a real challenge because many of the traditionally measured parameters of nutritional status vary with severity of liver disease independently of nutritional status. The objective of this study was to assess the Egyptian patients with end stage liver disease and to compare different tools used to assess their nutritional status. Patients and Methods: 60 patients were nutritionally assessed by SGA, RFH-SGA anthropometry, handgrip dynamometry and biochemical tests. Clinical variables were cross analyzed with the nutritional assessment methods. Results: Malnutrition ranged from 7% by BMI and 100% by SGA. Agreement among all the methods was low compared with the SGA. Correlation between Malnutrition prevalence and the severity of liver disease was verified using Child-Pugh score more than MELD score. Conclusion: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among the Egyptian patients with end stage liver disease prior to liver transplantation. Although the diagnosis of nutritional status is not easy among this category of patients, it varied according to the method used. Nutritional support should be an important part of the preoperative care of liver transplantation patients.
Comparative Large-Scale Analysis of Interactions between Several Crop Species and the Effector Repertoires from Multiple Pathovars of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia1[W][OA]

Bacterial plant pathogens manipulate their hosts by injection of numerous effector proteins into host cells via type III secretion systems. Recognition of these effectors by the host plant leads to the induction of a defense reaction that often culminates in a hypersensitive response manifested as cell death. Genes encoding effector proteins can be exchanged between different strains of bacteria via horizontal transfer, and often individual strains are capable of infecting multiple hosts. Host plant species express diverse repertoires of resistance proteins that mediate direct or indirect recognition of bacterial effectors. As a result, plants and their bacterial pathogens should be considered as two extensive coevolving groups rather than as individual host species coevolving with single pathovars. To dissect the complexity of this coevolution, we cloned 171 effector-encoding genes from several pathovars of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia. We used Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient assays to test the ability of each effector to induce a necrotic phenotype on 59 plant genotypes belonging to four plant families, including numerous diverse accessions of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Known defense-inducing effectors (avirulence factors) and their homologs commonly induced extensive necrosis in many different plant species. Nonhost species reacted to multiple effector proteins from an individual pathovar more frequently and more intensely than host species. Both homologous and sequence-unrelated effectors could elicit necrosis in a similar spectrum of plants, suggesting common effector targets or targeting of the same pathways in the plant cell.
Variations of the Candidate SEZ6L2 Gene on Chromosome 16p11.2 in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders and in Human Populations

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of severe childhood neurodevelopmental disorders with still unknown etiology. One of the most frequently reported associations is the presence of recurrent de novo or inherited microdeletions and microduplications on chromosome 16p11.2. The analysis of rare variations of 8 candidate genes among the 27 genes located in this region suggested SEZ6L2 as a compelling candidate. Methodology/Principal Findings We further explored the role of SEZ6L2 variations by screening its coding part in a group of 452 individuals, including 170 patients with ASD and 282 individuals from different ethnic backgrounds of the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP), complementing the previously reported screening. We detected 7 previously unidentified non-synonymous variations of SEZ6L2 in ASD patients. We also identified 6 non-synonymous variations present only in HGDP. When we merged our results with the previously published, no enrichment of non-synonymous variation in SEZ6L2 was observed in the ASD group compared with controls. Conclusions/Significance Our results provide an extensive ascertainment of the genetic variability of SEZ6L2 in human populations and do not support a major role for SEZ6L2 sequence variations in the susceptibility to ASD.
Circulating Endothelial Cells in Refractory Pulmonary Hypertension in Children: Markers of Treatment Efficacy and Clinical Worsening

Background Pulmonary vasodilators in general and prostacyclin analogues in particular have improved the outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of PAH and we previously described that circulating endothelial cell (CEC) level could be used as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in PAH. We now hypothesized that an efficient PAH-specific vasodilator therapy might decrease CEC level. Methods/Results CECs were prospectively quantified by immunomagnetic separation with mAb CD146-coated beads in peripheral blood from children with idiopathic PAH (iPAH, n = 30) or PAH secondary to congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD, n = 30): before, after treatment and during follow up. Controls were 23 children with reversible PAH. Oral treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) and/or phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5) significantly reduced CEC counts in children. In 10 children with refractory PAH despite oral combination therapy, subcutaneous (SC) treprostinil was added and we observed a significant decrease in CEC counts during the first month of such treatment. CECs were quantified during a 6 to 36 month-follow-up after initiation of SC treprostinil and we found that CEC counts changed over time, with rising counts always preceding clinical deterioration. Conclusion CECs might be useful as a biomarker during follow-up of pediatric iPAH and PAH-CHD to assess response to treatment and to anticipate clinical worsening.
On the "Multiple of the Inclusion Plus Compact" Problem

The ``multiple of the inclusion plus compact problem'' which was posed by T.W. Gowers in 1996 and Th. Schlumprecht in 2003, asks whether for every infinite dimensional Banach space $X$ there exists a closed subspace $Y$ of $X$ and a bounded linear operator from $Y$ to $X$ which is not a compact perturbation of a multiple of the inclusion map from $Y$ to $X$. We give sufficient conditions on the spreading models of seminormalized basic sequences of a Banach space $X$ which guarantee that the ``multiple of the inclusion plus compact'' problem has an affirmative answer for $X$. Our results strengthen a previous result of the first named author, E. ~Odell, Th. Schlumprecht and N. Tomczak-Jaegermann as well as a result of Th. Schlumprecht. We give an example of a Hereditarily Indecomposable Banach space where our results apply. For the proof of our main result we use an extension of E. Odell's Schreier unconditionality result for arrays.
A Numerical Simulation of Transient Electromagnetic Fields for Obtaining the Step Response of a Transmission Tower Using the FDTD Method

This letter presents a numerical simulation of transient electromagnetic fields using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for obtaining the step response of a 500-kV transmission tower. The purpose of this simulation is to reproduce the result of a field test which has been carried out for obtaining the step response of the tower as fundamental data for lightning overvoltage studies. From the comparison between the calculated and measured results, the accuracy of the FDTD method, when applied to lightning overvoltage studies, is examined. The simulation carried out in this letter takes into account the following items that have been ignored or oversimplified in the existing simulations. One is the resistivity of the ground soil, and the other is the detailed structures of the arms, the lattice elements, and the foundations. The calculated result obtained closely reproduces the field-test result.
Limitations of widely used high-risk human papillomavirus laboratory-developed testing in cervical cancer screening

OBJECTIVE: To increase awareness of the limitations of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) laboratory-developed testing (LDT) widely used in US cervical cancer screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: A young woman in her 30s was diagnosed and treated for stage 1B1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma in which HPV 16 DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction testing. Both 1 month before and 42 months before cervical cancer diagnosis, the patient had highly abnormal cytology findings; however, residual SurePath™ (Becton, Dickson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) vial fluid yielded negative Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2; Qiagen NV, Hilden, Germany) hrHPV LDT results from each of the two specimens. This prompted questions to be asked concerning the performance characteristics of hrHPV LDT. A review of the available data indicates that (1) purification of DNA from SurePath specimens requires complex sample preparation due to formaldehyde crosslinking of proteins and nucleic acids, (2) HC2-SurePath hrHPV testing had not been Food and Drug Administration-approved after multiple premarket approval submissions, (3) detectible hrHPV DNA in the SurePath vial decreases over time, and (4) US laboratories performing HC2-SurePath hrHPV LDT testing are not using a standardized manufacturer-endorsed procedure. CONCLUSION: Recently updated cervical screening guidelines in the US recommend against the use of hrHPV LDT in cervical screening, including widely used HC2 testing from the SurePath vial. The manufacturer recently issued a technical bulletin specifically warning that use of SurePath samples with the HC2 hrHPV test may provide false negative results and potentially compromise patient safety. Co-collection using a Food and Drug Administration-approved hrHPV test medium is recommended for HPV testing of patients undergoing cervical screening using SurePath samples.
Wireless Patient Health Monitoring System

This paper presents the development of a microcontroller based system for wireless heartbeat and temperature monitoring using ZigBee.In India many patients are dying because of heart attacks and reason behind that they are not getting timely and proper help. To give them timely and proper help first we want to continuous monitoring of patient health. The fixed monitoring system can be used only when the patient is on bed and this system are huge and only available in the hospitals in ICU. The system is developed for home use by patients that are not in a critical condition but need to be constant or periodically monitored by clinician or family. [1] In any critical condition the SMS is send to the doctor or any family member. [2] So that we can easily save many lives by providing them quick service.
Corrections to: ‘‘Age distribution of cancer in mice’’

We found a crucial error in an earlier paper on cancer in elderly mice, Age distribution of cancer in mice: the incidence turnover at old age (Pompei et al., 2001). That paper’s principal data set, the ED01 records, was scrambled when read and analyzed with a statistical software package. Having done our best to correct the error, and having subjected the data to a more exact extension of originally published methods, we arrive at conclusions significantly different from those proposed in the original article. What appeared to be a dramatic fall off of the cancer mortality rate in mice over 2 years of age is now found to be a continuation or flattening of approximately exponential growth. This new finding is entirely at odds with the old, and does not support our later work on humans. Two of this paper’s authors, F Pompei and R Wilson, contributed to the original article. We are informing authors who have cited our paper in the past and apologize deeply for any wasted time or lost work. We should have subjected the ED01 records to more error checks. We thank Jennifer Blank for helping us discover and correct this error. The ED01 records and our earlier research are available http://physics.harvard. edu/∼wilson/cancer&chemicals/ED01.
Coronary Heart Disease in Moyamoya Disease: Are They Concomitant or Coincidence?

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of symptomatic coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). This retrospective study evaluated 456 patients who received examination for MMD between 1995 and 2012. We reviewed the patients' medical history and coronary imaging, including conventional coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiogram (CTA). Among 456 patients with MMD, 21 (4.6%) patients were found to have symptomatic CHD. Ten patients were treated with coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention for unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Eleven were treated with medication for stable angina (n = 6) and variant angina with mild degree of stenosis (n = 5). The median age of these patients was 44 yr (range, 27-59). The median Framingham score at diagnosing MMD was < 1% (range, < 1%-16%). The old age was associated with CHD in uni- and multivariate analyses (P = 0.021, OR, 1.053; 95% CI, 1.008-1.110). Considering low age of onset and low stroke risk factor, CHD might be a systemic manifestation that is clinically relevant to MMD. Graphical Abstract
Ionic basis of the differential neuronal activity of guinea‐pig septal nucleus studied in vitro.

1. The electrical properties and ionic conductances of septal neurones were studied by intracellular recording in an in vitro slice preparation. Within the total number of cells recorded (n = 150) we identified three electrophysiological cell types, each one of them located in a separate septal region. Dorsolateral septal neurones comprised 60% of the cells, intermediate septal neurons 10%, and medical septal neurones 30%. 2. Passive electrical constants of dorsolateral, intermediate and medial septal neurones were, respectively:resting potential (‐60.2 +/‐ 4.8, ‐59.8 +/‐ 3.3 and ‐56 +/‐ 4.3 mV); input resistance (82.5 +/‐ 17, 63 +/‐ 16 and 83 +/‐ 18 M omega) and membrane time constant (18.5 +/‐ 7.3, 14.2 +/‐ 6.8 and 10.7 +/‐ 3.4 ms). 3. Direct activation of dorsolateral septal neurones by current injection below 0.2 nA triggered repetitive firing of fast action potentials. Larger current pulses elicited a characteristic response consisting of an initial fast action potential followed by a train of slow spikes. An after‐hyperpolarization followed termination of the pulse and the characteristic response. 4. In dorsolateral septal neurons tetrodotoxin (TTX) abolished the fast action potentials. The slow spikes and the after‐hyperpolarization disappeared in presence of Co2+ or after brief removal of external Ca2+. This suggests that the characteristic response is mediated by Ca2+ and the after‐hyperpolarization by a Ca2+‐dependent K+ conductance. 5. The firing pattern of intermediate septal neurones activated from the resting potential spontaneously measured in the cells was similar to that of dorsolateral septal neurones; but direct activation from a hyperpolarized membrane potential evoked in intermediate septal cells a bursting response due to the generation of a low‐threshold spike. The low‐threshold spike was TTX‐resistant but abolished by Co2+ and reached a maximal amplitude after hyperpolarization to ‐75 mV lasting for 100‐150 ms. These results suggest the existence in intermediate septal neurons of a low‐threshold Ca2+ conductance inactivated at the resting potential and deinactivated by hyperpolarization. 6. Depolarization of medial septal neurons by current pulses of amplitude greater than 0.2‐0.3 nA elicited a typical burst of two to six action potentials. The bursts lasted for 20‐50 ms and were followed by a marked after‐hyperpolarization. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Clinical evaluation of a non-immersive virtual environment in stroke rehabilitation

Background and purpose: We describe our attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual environment developed to rehabilitate stroke patients in the task of making a hot drink. Methods: Single case studies were performed in 13/138 (9%) stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation in a UK stroke unit. Participants in AB/BA (n = 5) and ABA (n = 2) design studies received 5 one-hour sessions of attention control training (A phase) and 5 one-hour sessions of virtual environment training (B phase). An AB design with random duration of A and B phases (minimum duration of A and B phases 3 and 5 days respectively, with total duration of 3 weeks) was used in 6 participants. Results: Visual inspection of scores across all cases showed a trend towards improvement over time in both real and virtual hot drink making ability in both control and intervention phases. There was no significant difference (Wilcoxon, p > 0.05) in the improvements in real and virtual hot drink making ability during all control and intervention phases in the 13 cases. Ceiling effects limited the evaluation of effectiveness in 5 of the 8 cases in which daily performance measures were used. Conclusions: Few people in this setting were suitable for this intervention. The case studies showed no evidence of a strong effect of this intervention, but we had great difficulty in performing single case studies. We conclude that more testing and development of this system is required before it is subjected to rigorous testing of clinical effectiveness.
Eye movements due to linear accelerations in the rabbit.

1. Compensatory vertical or torsional eye movements of rabbits caused by linear accelerations along the transverse or sagittal axis were measured. Sinusoidal accelerations (parallel swing) in a frequency range of 0–068‐‐1–22 Hz and acceleration steps (linear track) of 0–02‐‐0–11 g were applied. 2. On the parallel swing, properties of the maculo‐ocular reflexes were similar for transverse and sagittal acceleration. Gain (rotation of eye/rotation of the resultant linear vector) proved to be very low: about 0–1 for 0–3 Hz and smaller than 0–01 for frequencies above 1‐0 Hz. The decrease in gain was accompanied by an increase in phase lag to about 180degrees. No non‐linearity was revealed by the use of different amplitudes (10–−30 cm). 3. On the linear track, eye deviation after an acceleration step took many seconds to develop fully. Gain increased with time and was about 0–65 after 5 sec. 4. The results indicate that the responses of the otoliths, as reflected in maculo‐ocular reactions, are very slow. Fluctuations in the direction of gravity seem to be averaged over several seconds by the system. This may explain that erratic linear accelerations(frequency greater than 1 Hz) during locomotion or transport do not lead to eye movements or disorientation.
İlkokul Ve Ortaokul Din Kültürü Ve Ahlak Bilgisi Kitapları Görsellerinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Açısından İncelenmesi

Beginning with the view that the visual components of elementary and middle school Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge textbooks contributed to negative gender stereotypes in Turkey, this study was carried out in an effort to highlight the need to improve the visual components of these textbooks. The textbooks were divided according to time period and were examined using the method of content analysis. It was found that these textbooks contained no pictures of female worship other than those pictures depicting women’s performance of the salah prayers and the du‘a supplication. This study also found that women were generally pictured in the home, whereas men were generally pictured outside of the home. An additional finding was that the visual components of these textbooks relating to vocational activity reinforced traditional gender stereotypes. The image of women contained in the visual components of the textbooks was found to vary according to a number of factors, including the policies of the Ministry of National Education in the period in which the book was published, the author, and age of the person composing the picture. Finally, the findings of this study were discussed in relation to pertinent literature in the field
One-year follow-up of secondary versus primary mental disorder in persons with comorbid substance use disorders.

OBJECTIVE Service utilization and outcomes of dually diagnosed patients with independent mental disorders and those with substance-induced mental disorders were compared. METHOD Diagnosis, service use, and severity of substance use problems at baseline and 1 year later were assessed in consecutively admitted inpatients with independent mental disorders plus substance use disorders (N = 71), substance-induced mental disorders plus substance use disorders (N = 38), and independent mental disorders only (N = 59). RESULTS At follow-up, patients with substance-induced mental disorders at baseline were more likely to have been rehospitalized than the other groups, were more likely to have used outpatient substance abuse services, were less likely to have an independent mental disorder, and had the most severe alcohol- and drug-related impairment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment programs for both types of dual diagnosis patients must address mental health concerns.
Somatosensory Cortical Activation in Cervical Dystonia and Its Modulation With Botulinum Toxin: An fMRI Study

ABSTRACT Converging data on focal dystonias suggest a widespread disorder of somatosensory processing. The aims of our study were, first, to assess somatosensory activation patterns in cervical dystonia (CD) beyond the representation of the affected body parts and, second, to search for task-related activation changes induced by botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) therapy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during electrical median nerve stimulation was employed in seven CD patients and nine controls; the examination was repeated 4 weeks after BoNT-A application to dystonic neck muscles. The pretreatment activation map of patients showed activation in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, but missing activation in the secondary somatosensory cortex and insula, in contrast to controls and patients after treatment. Clinically significant effect of BoNT-A therapy was associated with a significant increase of BOLD response in the contralateral secondary somatosensory, insular, and inferior parietal cortices. The posttreatment somatosensory maps of patients did not significantly differ from controls. This study has brought evidence of widespread disruption of somatosensory processing in CD and its modification with BoNT-A therapy.