Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Glycemic Control in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Optimizing glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis requires accurate assessment. We hypothesize that 1) 48-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides additional, clinically relevant, information to that provided by the A1C measurement and 2) glycemic profiles differ significantly between day on and day off dialysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS With the use of GlucoDay S, 48-h CGM was performed in 19 type 2 diabetic subjects undergoing hemodialysis to capture consecutive 24-h periods on and off dialysis. Energy intake was calculated using food diaries. A1C was assayed by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS CGM data were available for 17 subjects (13 male) with a mean (range) age of 61.5 years (42–79 years) and diabetes duration of 18.8 years (4–30 years). The 24-h CGM area under the glucose curve and 24-h mean glucose values were significantly higher during the day off dialysis than on dialysis (5,932.1 ± 2,673.6 vs. 4,694 ± 1,988.0 mmol · 3 min−1 · l−1, P = 0.022, and 12.6 ± 5.6 vs. 9.8 ± 3.8 mmol/l, P = 0.013, respectively), independent of energy intake. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred in 4 subjects, 3 within 24 h of dialysis, and the glucose nadir in 14 subjects occurred within 24 h of dialysis. CONCLUSIONS Glucose values are significantly lower on dialysis days than on nondialysis days despite similar energy intake. The risk of asymptomatic hypoglycemia was highest within 24 h of dialysis. Physicians caring for patients undergoing hemodialysis need to be aware of this phenomenon and consider enhanced glycemic monitoring after a hemodialysis session. CGM provides glycemic information in addition to A1C, which is potentially relevant to clinical management.
Recording Large Extracellular Spikes in Microchannels along Many Axonal Sites from Individual Neurons

The numerous connections between neuronal cell bodies, made by their dendrites and axons, are vital for information processing in the brain. While dendrites and synapses have been extensively studied, axons have remained elusive to a large extent. We present a novel platform to study axonal physiology and information processing based on combining an 11,011-electrode high-density complementary metal-oxide semiconductor microelectrode array with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) channel device, which isolates axons from somas and, importantly, significantly amplifies recorded axonal signals. The combination of the microelectrode array with recording and stimulation capability with the microfluidic isolation channels permitted us to study axonal signal behavior at great detail. The device, featuring two culture chambers with over 30 channels spanning in between, enabled long-term recording of single spikes from isolated axons with signal amplitudes of 100 μV up to 2 mV. Propagating signals along axons could be recorded with 10 to 50 electrodes per channel. We (i) describe the performance and capabilities of our device for axonal electrophysiology, and (ii) present novel data on axonal signals facilitated by the device. Spontaneous action potentials with characteristic shapes propagated from somas along axons between the two compartments, and these unique shapes could be used to identify individual axons within channels that contained many axonal branches. Stimulation through the electrode array facilitated the identification of somas and their respective axons, enabling interfacing with different compartments of a single cell. Complex spike shapes observed in channels were traced back to single cells, and we show that more complicated spike shapes originate from a linear superposition of multiple axonal signals rather than signal distortion by the channels.
Brain Mechanisms and Reading Remediation: More Questions Than Answers

Dyslexia is generally diagnosed in childhood and is characterised by poor literacy skills with associated phonological and perceptual problems. Compensated dyslexic readers are adult readers who have a documented history of childhood dyslexia but as adults can read and comprehend written text well. Uncompensated dyslexic readers are adults who similarly have a documented history of reading impairment but remain functionally reading-impaired all their lives. There is little understanding of the neurophysiological basis for how or why some children become compensated, while others do not, and there is little knowledge about neurophysiological changes that occur with remedial programs for reading disability. This paper will review research looking at reading remediation, particularly in the context of the underlying neurophysiology.
Are Guidelines Needed for the Diagnosis and Management of Incipient Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Current research is aiming to push the boundaries of the point at which a diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD) can be made. Clinical syndromes such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and various clinical and biological markers of AD may help to identify people in the early stage of AD, before a full dementia syndrome is present. In the first part of this paper, we discuss whether MCI represents incipient AD, and examine some of the methods currently used in research to identify AD patients in the preclinical phase. In the second part, we discuss whether specific guidelines are needed for the diagnosis and management of MCI and incipient AD, and consider the potential impact of this on clinical practice and public health from the perspective of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.
BLAST: THE REDSHIFT SURVEY

The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) has recently surveyed ≃8.7 deg2 centered on Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South at 250, 350, and 500 μm. In Dye et al., we presented the catalog of sources detected at 5σ in at least one band in this field and the probable counterparts to these sources in other wavebands. In this paper, we present the results of a redshift survey in which we succeeded in measuring redshifts for 82 of these counterparts. The spectra show that the BLAST counterparts are mostly star-forming galaxies but not extreme ones when compared to those found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Roughly one quarter of the BLAST counterparts contain an active nucleus. We have used the spectroscopic redshifts to carry out a test of the ability of photometric redshift methods to estimate the redshifts of dusty galaxies, showing that the standard methods work well even when a galaxy contains a large amount of dust. We have also investigated the cases where there are two possible counterparts to the BLAST source, finding that in at least half of these there is evidence that the two galaxies are physically associated, either because they are interacting or because they are in the same large-scale structure. Finally, we have made the first direct measurements of the luminosity function in the three BLAST bands. We find strong evolution out to z = 1, in the sense that there is a large increase in the space density of the most luminous galaxies. We have also investigated the evolution of the dust-mass function, finding similar strong evolution in the space density of the galaxies with the largest dust masses, showing that the luminosity evolution seen in many wavebands is associated with an increase in the reservoir of interstellar matter in galaxies.
Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe: A model of intergenerational mobility variation over time and place

A rapidly growing literature, surveyed in Solon (1999), is examining the empirical association between the incomes of parents and their children. With the acquisition of new data, researchers recently have begun to explore the ways in which intergenerational income mobility varies between countries and over time. Solon (2002) summarizes the new international evidence, which is substantially expanded by several of the chapters in this book. In addition, Reville (1995), Fertig (2001), and the authors of Chapter 5 have begun to study temporal change in intergenerational mobility in the United States, and the authors of Chapter 6 address that subject for the United Kingdom. This new research on intergenerational mobility variation over time and place is important both because it documents important features and trends in income inequality and because it may produce valuable clues about how income status is transmitted across generations. The purpose of this chapter is to present a theoretical framework for interpreting the evidence from this newly emerging literature. I begin by modifying the Becker–Tomes (1979) model in a way that rationalizes the log-linear intergenerational income regression commonly estimated by empirical researchers. Analysis of the model shows that the steady-state intergenerational income elasticity increases with the heritability of income-related traits, the efficacy of human capital investment, and the earnings return to human capital, and it decreases with the progressivity of public investment in human capital. Cross-country differences in both intergenerational mobility and cross-sectional income inequality could arise from differences in any of these factors.
A comparison of Montecarlo linear and dynamic polynomial regression in predicting dengue fever case

A prediction of dengue fever cases by using a predictor of rainfall, the rain days, the house index, and the larva-free number has been done in Jember Regency. The evaluation was done by comparing and calculating the deviation value of the predicted number of cases, as a result of the prediction, to the number of actual cases. This prediction simulation of the number of dengue fever cases is using two regression methods, those are Montecarlo linear regression and dynamic polynomial regression. The MSE (mean square error) test was done to find out which regression is the best in predicting dengue fever cases. The data processing result of the two regressions shows that the polynomial dynamic is able to predict well as compared to Montecarlo linear regression, with error level up to 1%.
SU11248 maintenance therapy prevents tumor regrowth after fractionated irradiation of murine tumor models.

Receptor tyrosine kinase activation contributes to cell viability during cytotoxic therapy. The novel broad spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, c-kit, and fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3. In this study, we maintained SU11248 plasma levels beyond the completion of radiotherapy to determine whether tumor regrowth can be delayed. The antiangiogenic effects of SU11248 were demonstrated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Apoptosis increased and clonogenic survival decreased when SU11248 was used in combination with radiation from 0 to 6 Gy on endothelial cells. In vivo tumor growth delay was increased in C57B6J mice with Lewis lung carcinoma or glioblastoma multiform (GL261) hind limb tumors. Mice were treated with daily i.p. injections (40 mg/kg) of SU11248 during 7 days of radiation treatment (21 Gy). Combined treatment with SU11248 and radiation significantly reduced tumor volume as compared with either treatment alone. Concomitant reduction in vasculature was confirmed using the dorsal vascular window model. The vascular length established using images taken from a consistent quadrant in the window show the combination therapy was more effective in destroying tumor vasculature than either treatment alone. SU11248 maintenance administration beyond the completion of radiotherapy results in prolongation of tumor control. In summary, SU11248 enhances radiation-induced endothelial cytotoxicity, resulting in tumor vascular destruction and tumor control when combined with fractionated radiotherapy in murine tumor models. Moreover, inhibition of angiogenesis well beyond radiation therapy may be a promising treatment paradigm for refractory human neoplasms.
EMG Biofeedback Based VR System for Hand Rotation and Grasping Rehabilitation

Individuals who have upper limb movement problems include people with cerebral palsy (CP) and stroke victims. Both these conditions lead to difficulties in daily activities such as reaching, grasping etc. Virtual reality (VR), which could provide a repetitive multimodal task-oriented rehabilitation environment for patients to undertake self-training in safety, is considered to be a suitable tool for medical health rehabilitation. Using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback in rehabilitation could provide patients with opportunities to improve the ability by assessing their muscle activity response and learning self-control of movement during specific training tasks. This paper presents a study on developing EMG as an important interactive tool in a VR based system for hand rotation and grasping motion rehabilitation. The input interface includes an EMG system and a real-time magnetic motion tracking system, and the output interface is a PC monitor. The developed EMG biofeedback based VR system enables the user to interact with virtual objects in real-time with multiform feedback. Ten healthy subjects participated in the preliminary task evaluation test, and the results suggest that the specified skills have improved during training. The beneficial effects of the developed system indicate the potential values for further clinical application.
Practical experiences of, and lessons learnt from, Internet technologies in higher education

The paper addresses how the Internet as computer-medi ated communication is affecting teaching and learning in higher education institutions, particularly as these institutions face increasing competition due to the emergence of Web-based collaboration and assessment technologies. London’s South Bank University (SBU), a typical modern-day higher education institution is thereby in the process of integrating Internet technologies into its conventional and distance learning programmes. From its practical experiences so far SBU has learnt a variety of valuable lessons. In particular the technical and social aspects that determine the choice and use of the most appropriate software tools were identified, as well as a new approach towards online (Internet / Web) subject reference sources was outlined. From SBU’s anecdotal experiences, useful recommendations are made for the effective use of Internet technologies that applies to many higher educational institutions.
The Usefulness of the Korean Version of Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Screening Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis

Objective Excessive worry about minor matters and a state in which this worry is experienced as uncontrollable are known to be key symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Given the importance of pathological worry in GAD, the need for psychometrically sound measures of this construct has increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the Korean version of Penn State Worry Questionnaire (K-PSWQ) for screening GAD. Methods Two hundred and forty six patients were initially screened, from which 102 GAD patients and 118 patients with anxiety disorder not otherwise specified (anxiety disorder NOS) were finally enrolled. Patients were diagnosed by a structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV Axis I. We also enrolled 114 control subjects who had no medical or psychiatric history. Pathological worry in both patients and control subjects were assessed at baseline using the PSWQ and we estimated optimal cutoff score by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results We found that in the first ROC analysis, a score of 53 could simultaneously optimize sensitivity and specificity in order to discriminate GAD patients from control subjects. From the second receiver operating characteristic analysis, when both sensitivity and specificity were optimized, we can suggest a score of 61 as being the cutoff for differentiating GAD patients from patients with anxiety disorder NOS. Conclusion The Korean version of PSWQ is a useful method for screening GAD patients, although ethnic and cultural differences may affect the cutoff score of PSWQ for GAD.
Comparing Academic Achievement in Charter Schools and Public Schools: The Role of Money.

Discriminant analysis was used to ascertain whether or not student achievement and expenditure per pupil allow one to distinguish between Ohio charter schools and their associate public schools. The sample consisted of 129 Ohio charter schools and 30 associate public schools. The difference in means between the two types of schools was significant for achievement at the elementary and middle levels but not for the expenditure per pupil. For high schools, the difference in means for both student achievement and expenditure per pupil was significant in distinguishing between the two types of schools. The discriminant function including student achievement and expenditure was significant for each model: elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools.
Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield solitons in M5-brane worldvolume theory with a constant three-form field

We study BPS solutions for a self-dual string and a neutral string in M5-brane worldvolume theory with constant three-form eld. We further generalize such solitons to superpose with a calibrated surface. We also study a traveling wave on a calibrated surface in the constant three-form eld background.
How Does Software Make Space? Exploring Some Geographical Dimensions of Pervasive Computing and Software Studies

Computers are widely recognised as powerful tools in many aspects of contemporary society. Significantly their agency is now changing as the social and spatial disposition of computers diffuses further into almost all aspects of everyday life. Computers, that increasingly don't look like computers, are permeating domestic spaces, built into appliances like washing machines for example, and accompany us throughout the day (energising our mobile phones, PDAs, and MP3 players), mediating our interactions and facilitating a myriad of mundane activities. Many argue that this is just the beginning of the next wave of digital technological development, the so-called pervasive computing revolution, which according to Anne Galloway (2004, pages 384^ 385), `̀ seeks to embed computers into our everyday lives in such ways as to render them invisible and allow them to be taken for granted. '' Such computing, that is active-in-absence heralds much more subtle forms of software mediation and automated decision making in the world. It is this code work that is the focus of this theme issue. (1) The extent to which software is actively engaged in a multitude of tasks, ranging from the profound to the mundane, is easily overlooked yet readily apparent when thoughtfully considered. Close to home, for example, many typical academic work practices increasingly depend on code (cf Borgman, 2007). The practices surrounding the production, dissemination, and consumption of this paper are in many respects prosaic but also powerfully demonstrative of the mediating agency of code. This text was composed and edited through the mediation of the code of Microsoft Word and shared between its authors via e-mail programs, firewalls, routers, and the TCP/IP protocol. It is quite likely that you are reading this paper on a computer display (or printed from a pdf file) having downloaded it from the Envplan website. The text representation on your screen or printed page is, in some senses, just the visible surface of a large realm of software, a complex amalgam of data structures, algorithms, packages, protocols and capta that make the space of reading possible [cf Livingston (2005) on other aspects of the spatiality of reading]. Software matters because of the ways it changes the nature of everyday practices. In many areas of scholarship today there is a reliance on analytical applications (cf Uprichard et al, 2008) and computer databases (cf Hine, 2006), and others on Guest editorial Environment and Planning A 2009, volume 41, pages 1283 ^ 1293
Performance study of data stream approximation algorithms in wireless sensor networks

Reducing amount of data transmitted enables conserving scarce battery power in wireless sensor networks. In our previous work, we propose two data approximation algorithms for data reduction in sensor networks, maintaining the accuracy of query results within certain bounds. In this paper, we provide a performance study and analysis of these algorithms with emphasis on the types of data for which the algorithms are appropriate. We experimented with different data sets to determine the reduction ratios achieved , energy consumed, errors introduced, complexity of query answering obtained. We provide comparison of our algorithms with related methods. The presented results indicate the superiority of our methods in terms of data reduction and accuracy of query results.
Real-Time Video Multicast in WiMAX Networks

IEEE 802.16e WiMAX is a promising new technology for broadband access networks. Amongst the class of applications that can be supported is real time video services (such as IPTV, broadcast of live events etc.). These applications are bandwidth hungry and have stringent delay constraints. Thus, scalable support for such applications is a challenging problem. To address this challenge, we consider a combination of approaches using multicast, layer encoded video and adaptive modulation of transmissions. Using these, we develop algorithms to ensure efficient, fair and timely delivery of video in WiMAX networks. The corresponding resource allocation problem is challenging because scheduling decisions (within a WiMAX base station) are performed in real-time across two dimensions, time and frequency. Moreover, combining layered video with appropriate modulation calls for novel MAC algorithms. We model the multicast resource allocation problem in WiMAX and demonstrate this problem to be NP-hard. We present a fast greedy algorithm that is (i) provably within a constant approximation of the optimal solution (based on a metric that reflects video quality as perceived by the user), and (ii) performs within 87-95% of the optimal as demonstrated by realistic simulations. We also demonstrate that our algorithm offers a 25% improvement over a naive algorithm. Moreover, in terms of the average rate received by each user, our algorithm out-performs the naive algorithm by more than 50%.
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS CHANGE WITH DEVELOPMENT: The Epidemiologic and Environmental Risk Transitions Revisited

▪ Abstract Transition frameworks are used to envision the important changes that occur during economic development from poor to middle-income or rich countries. We explain the derivation of and use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) projects of the World Health Organization (WHO) to explore the classic epidemiologic transition framework, which describes the changes in causes of illness and death during economic development. We provide the first full empirical test of the environmental risk transition framework, which describes the shift in environmental risks during development from household, community, and global risk factors. We find that the simplistic conclusions commonly drawn about the epidemiologic transition, in particular the increase in chronic diseases with development, are not supported by current data; in contrast, the conceptual framework of the environmental risk transition is broadly supported in a cross-sectional analysis. We also describe .