Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of CD20 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 119 cases.

PURPOSE Recent evidence has demonstrated that classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) originates from mature germinal center B cells. However, only approximately 25% of cHLs express the classical B-cell marker CD20. There is very little, and controversial, information on the prognostic significance of CD20 expression in cHL with regard to failure-free (FFS) and overall survival (OS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD20 expression was investigated in a series of 119 cases of cHL treated at a single institution where complete clinical follow-up was available. The results were correlated to FFS and OS by the Kaplan-Maier method and uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells expressed CD20 in 20% (24 of 119) of the cases based on a cutoff of 10% positivity. Within a mean follow-up period of 12 years, univariate analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of disease relapses in the CD20-negative group (30 of 95; 32%) compared with CD20-positive tumors (2 of 24; 8%; P = 0.022). Compared by the log-rank test, the mean FFS in CD20-negative cases (202 months) was considerably shorter than in the CD20-positive cases (286 months; P = 0.0195). In a multivariate analysis, CD20 expression was an independent positive prognostic factor for FFS in cHL patients treated from 1974 to 1980 (P = 0.035). This effect disappeared in the period from 1981 to 1999 (P = 0.266). CONCLUSION CD20-positive cHL shows a trend for better FFS and OS. However, improved treatment modalities seem to abolish these differences.
Maturation of dimeric viral RNA of Moloney murine leukemia virus

We have analyzed the dimeric RNA present in Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) particles. We found that the RNA in newly released virions is in a conformation different from that in mature virions, since it has a different electrophoretic mobility in nondenaturing agarose gels and dissociates into monomers at a lower temperature. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the RNA initially packaged into nascent virions is already dimeric but that the dimer undergoes a maturation process after the virus is released from the cell. In further experiments, we tested the possibility that this maturation event is linked to the maturation cleavage of the virion proteins, which is catalyzed by the viral protease (PR). We found that the dimeric RNA isolated from PR- mutant virions resembles that from immature virions: it has a lower electrophoretic mobility and a lower sedimentation rate, and it also dissociates at a lower temperature than does RNA from mature wild-type virions. When Kirsten sarcoma virus is rescued by a PR- mutant or by a somewhat leaky cysteine array mutant of MoMuLV, its RNA also exhibits a electrophoretic mobility lower than that in the wild-type pseudotype. These results suggest that the maturation of dimeric RNA in released virus particles requires the cleavage of the Gag precursor and the presence of an intact cysteine array in the released nucleocapsid protein.
Young People and the Future

Young people’s temporal orientation is now a major focus of youth studies. A central research question in this area is whether or not young people treat their futures as ‘choice biographies’ to be planned as a personal project. In this article I suggest that this focus has emerged in part from a misreading of contemporary sociological theory and I attempt to widen the focus of inquiry. Drawing on a qualitative interview with 50 young people in Australia aged 18 to 20, I highlight two significant elements of temporal orientation obscured by a focus on planning versus not planning. First, that young people mix multiple temporal orientations and strategies, of varying degrees of discursive explicitness, concurrently and as such can be present and future oriented at the same time. Second, that thinking about and shaping the future and enjoying, and coping in, the present are not individual pursuits but shaped collectively with significant others.
An Overview of the Effectiveness of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Models

Recent reports describe alarming trends of adolescent drug use and a lack of treatment for substance use disorder symptoms. Early efforts in adolescent treatment relied on adult models that may not have considered the unique needs of adolescents. Recently, there has been an increased emphasis in developing intervention models designed specifically for adolescents. This article provides descriptions of current approaches to adolescent substance abuse treatment and summaries of research assessing the effectiveness of these models.
Unwarranted Disparity in Federal Sentencing

Research has recently shown a renewed interest in the effect of citizenship status on sentencing outcomes. This line of investigation, however, is limited to the individual-level analysis. In addition, research on the threat hypothesis has overwhelmingly focused on racial and ethnic threat. This study extends prior research by testing the social/group threat hypothesis in terms of citizenship and examines two primary variables of interest—the size of the noncitizen population and offender citizenship status. This study seeks to find how the size of the noncitizen population as a macro-level factor and offender citizenship status as a micro-level factor independently and jointly affect federal sentencing. The independent effects of other macro-level factors in the context of courts and areas on sentencing decisions, as well as their interactions with offender citizenship status, are also examined. With all offenses considered together, the cross-level finding provides support for social threat posed by noncitizen offenders, revealing that judges in districts with a large noncitizen population impose longer sentences on noncitizen offenders than those in districts with a small noncitizen population.
Zearalenone Altered the Serum Hormones, Morphologic and Apoptotic Measurements of Genital Organs in Post-weaning Gilts

The present study was aimed at investigating the adverse effects of dietary zearalenone (ZEA) (1.1 to 3.2 mg/kg diet) on serum hormones, morphologic and apoptotic measurements of genital organs in post-weaning gilts. A total of twenty gilts (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) weaned at 21 d with an average body weight of 10.36±1.21 kg were used in the study. Gilts were fed a basal diet with an addition of 0, 1.1, 2.0, or 3.2 mg/kg purified ZEA for 18 d ad libitum. Results showed that 3.2 mg/kg ZEA challenged gilts decreased (p<0.05) the serum levels of luteinizing hormone, however, serum levels of prolactin in gilts fed the diet containing 2.0 mg/kg ZEA or more were increased (p<0.05) compared to those in the control. Linear effects on all tested serum hormones except progesterone were observed as dietary ZEA levels increased (p<0.05). Gilts fed ZEA-contaminated diet showed increase (p<0.05) in genital organs size, hyperplasia of submucosal smooth muscles in the corpus uteri in a dose-dependent manner. However, the decreased numbers of follicles in the cortex and apoptotic cells in the ovarian were observed in gilts treated with ZEA in a dose-dependent manner. Degeneration and structural abnormalities of genital organs tissues were also observed in the gilts fed diet containing 1.1 mg/kg ZEA or more. Results suggested that dietary ZEA at 1.1 to 3.2 mg/kg can induce endocrine disturbance and damage genital organs in post-weaning gilts.
A study of root canal morphology of human primary incisors and molars using cone beam computerized tomography: an in vitro study.

BACKGROUND Variations in morphology of root canals in primary teeth usually leads to complications during and after endodontic therapy. To improve the success in endodontics, a thorough knowledge of the root canal morphology is essential. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the variation in number and morphology of the root canals of primary incisors and molars and to study the applicability of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) in assessing the same. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 60 primary molars and incisors with full root length were collected and various parameters such as the number of roots, number of canals, diameter of root canal at cementoenamel junction and middle-third, length and angulations of roots of primary molars and incisors were studied using CBCT. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The observations were put to descriptive statistics to find out the frequency, mean, standard deviation and range for all four subgroups. Further, unpaired t-test was used to compare these parameters between subgroups and analysis of variance test was implemented to evaluate the parameters within the subgroups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The CBCT showed the presence of bifurcation of root canal at middle third in 13% of mandibular incisors while 20% of mandibular molars had two canals in distal root. The diameter of distobuccal root canal of maxillary molars and mesiolingual canal of mandibular molars was found to be minimum. CBCT is a relatively new and effective technology, which provides an auxiliary imaging modality to supplement conventional radiography for assessing the variation in root canal morphology of primary teeth.
An examination of interactions among children with autism and their typically developing peers

Abstract Objective: To determine whether pre-school children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) interact differently with their peers with ASD compared to their typically developing (TD) peers, across three activities (free play, structured group time and semi-structured play) in an early intervention setting. Methods: We completed a series of non-experimental case studies involving 13 children with ASD and two TD peers. Results: We found trends, but no uniform differences, in the frequency or quality of means by which the children with ASD interacted with one another versus with their TD peers across the three contexts. The children with ASD interacted with both peer types more frequently during the semi-structured and structured activities, than during free play. Conclusions: The children with ASD showed no clear bias towards one peer type over the other. Semi-structured activities may be the best context in which to facilitate peer interactions involving children with ASD in early intervention settings.
Women and Occupational Prestige: A Case of Vacuous Sex Equality

The women's movement has prompted questions about women's share of the rewards from occupational roles. This paper will examine the amount of occupational prestige accorded to women in the United States. It will also examine whether women's relative position on the hierarchy of prestige is commensurate with the extent to which they get power and income. When members of a society evaluate an occupation highly they implicitly confer prestige on all its members. The knowledge that a high evaluation of one's occupation has been made is, in itself, a reward, prestige. The enhanced self-esteem those in a highly rated occupation experience is psychically gratifying. The first major question to be addressed is: Does gender affect the amount of occupational prestige one is likely to enjoy? To answer entails asking three more specific questions. First, is there a difference in the amount of prestige accorded men and women in the same occupation (a "within-occupation" effect of gender on prestige)? Second, does the sex composition of an occupation have a direct effect on its prestige (a "between-occupations" effect)? Third, are women concentrated in lowprestige occupations? 1 The second major question to be addressed is
REPLEX: dynamic traffic engineering based on wardrop routing policies

One major challenge in communication networks is the problem of dynamically distributing load in the presence of bursty and hard to predict changes in traffic demands. Current traffic engineering operates on time scales of several hours which is too slow to react to phenomena like flash crowds or BGP reroutes. One possible solution is to use load sensitive routing. Yet, interacting routing decisions at short time scales can lead to oscillations, which has prevented load sensitive routing from being deployed since the early experiences in Arpanet. However, recent theoretical results have devised a game theoretical re-routing policy that provably avoids such oscillation and in addition can be shown to converge quickly. In this paper we present ReplEx, a distributed dynamic traffic engineering algorithm based on this policy. Exploiting the fact that most underlying routing protocols support multiple equal-cost routes to a destination, it dynamically changes the proportion of traffic that is routed along each path. These proportions are carefully adapted utilising information from periodic measurements and, optionally, information exchanged between the routers about the traffic condition along the path. We evaluate the algorithm via simulations employing traffic loads that mimic actual Web traffic, i. e. , bursty TCP traffic, and whose characteristics are consistent with self-similarity. The simulations quickly converge and do not exhibit significant oscillations on both artificial as well as real topologies, as can be expected from the theoretical results.
One week on/one week off: A novel active regimen of temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma

Twenty-one patients with recurrent or progressive glioblastoma were enrolled in a prospective phase II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of a 1-week on/1-week off regimen of temozolomide administered at 150 mg/m2 on days 1 to 7 and days 15 to 21 of 28-day treatment cycles. Two patients achieved a partial response (10%), and 17 patients (81%) had stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 5 months. The progression-free survival at 6 months was 48%.
Motives for Event Volunteering

This research addressed volunteering in the context of an international sports event. The functional approach assumes that matching volunteers’ motives and environmental affordances predicts favorable outcomes. We tested this assumption with respect to event volunteering and proposed two additional motivational functions that may be served by event volunteering: good citizenship and excitement. The results show that the total match index (TMI) proposed by Stukas, Worth, Clary, and Snyder accounted for additional variance in satisfaction and the intent to volunteer again, above and beyond the variance explained by motives and affordances alone. Furthermore, beyond the TMI, matching the excitement motive accounted for additional variance in outcomes. The conceptual innovation of excitement as an intrinsic volunteer motive was supported by a theoretically consistent moderator effect: The association between autonomy and volunteer outcomes was stronger for volunteers with a high excitement motive. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the design of volunteer jobs are discussed.
μBE: User Guided Source Selection and Schema Mediation for Internet Scale Data Integration

The typical approach to data integration is to start by defining a common mediated schema, and then to map the data sources being integrated to this schema. In Internet-scale data integration tasks, where there may be hundreds or thousands of data sources providing data of relevance to a particular domain, a better approach is to allow the user to discover the mediated schema and the set of sources to use through an iterative exploration of the space of possible schemas and sources. In this paper, we present μBE, a data integration tool that helps in this iterative exploratory process by automatically choosing the data sources to include in a data integration system and defining a mediated schema on these sources. The data integration system desired by the user may depend on several subjective and objective criteria, and the user guides μBE towards finding this system by iteratively solving a series of constrained non-linear optimization problems, and modifying the parameters and constraints of the problem in the next iteration based on the solution found in the current iteration. Our formulation of the optimization problem is designed to make it easy for the user to provide such feedback. A simple, intuitive user interface helps the user in this process. We experimentally demonstrate that μBE is efficient and finds high-quality data integration solutions.
The neuropeptide tachykinin is essential for pheromone detection in a gustatory neural circuit

Gustatory pheromones play an essential role in shaping the behavior of many organisms. However, little is known about the processing of taste pheromones in higher order brain centers. Here, we describe a male-specific gustatory circuit in Drosophila that underlies the detection of the anti-aphrodisiac pheromone (3R,11Z,19Z)-3-acetoxy-11,19-octacosadien-1-ol (CH503). Using behavioral analysis, genetic manipulation, and live calcium imaging, we show that Gr68a-expressing neurons on the forelegs of male flies exhibit a sexually dimorphic physiological response to the pheromone and relay information to the central brain via peptidergic neurons. The release of tachykinin from 8 to 10 cells within the subesophageal zone is required for the pheromone-triggered courtship suppression. Taken together, this work describes a neuropeptide-modulated central brain circuit that underlies the programmed behavioral response to a gustatory sex pheromone. These results will allow further examination of the molecular basis by which innate behaviors are modulated by gustatory cues and physiological state. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06914. 001
Shame, embarrassment and guilt: Corpus evidence for the cross-cultural structure of social emotions

Abstract This article is a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic comparison of three interrelated emotional categories of shame, embarrassment and guilt in two different cultural settings of individualistic societies, as represented here by Britain and America, and a collectivist society, such as Poland. The conceptual field of SHAME is operationalized through its three near-synonymous adjectival exponents, "ashamed"/"zawstydzony", "embarrassed"/"zażenowany", and "guilty"/"winny". Drawing on relevant research in social and cognitive psychology as well as linguistics, the present study applies advanced quantitative corpus-based methodology to reconstruct the cultural and conceptual profiles of the three emotions.
Researching 'my people,' researching myself: Fragments of a reflexive tale

The paper investigates my positionality as a Pakistani Muslim researcher, affiliated with a U.S. institution, conducting ethnographic research with Pakistani Muslim immigrants in California. Three vignettes reconstructed from field-notes and a reflective journal illustrate the tensions and contradictions informing the research process. The first vignette details my shifting subjectivities in relation to a segment of the Muslim community in Northern California. Although my perceived disempowerment of Muslims motivated my research, my failure to subscribe to the Muslim Student Association's version of Islam cost me their disapproval. The second vignette highlights my relationship with one particular research participant. Although I shared the same ethnic background as this participant, my inability to conceive of her empowerment in terms other than those of Western feminism led to tragedy. The last vignette focuses on my interaction with the ethnographic data at my desk and becomes an analysis of the forces.
Why Parents Pay for College: The Good Parent, Perceptions of Advantage, and the Intergenerational Transfer of Opportunity

This article asks how parents think about the cost of a college education for their children. Based on data from more than ninety in-depth interviews with upper-middle-class parents and children, it is clear that grooming children for college and then paying for their education is intimately linked with ideas about being a “good parent. ” We present data on three related aspects of parents' consciousness about paying for college. First, data are presented on how parents view the benefits of college for their children. Second, data illustrate how parents think about the obligations associated with paying. Third, we report on what parents expect in return for their efforts and expenditures. Data also indicate that parents' views are contingent on their perceived ability to pay for the increasing costs of higher education. We conclude by considering how the implicit contract between upper-middle-class parents and children may change as new economic and structural uncertainties increase parents' anxieties and challenge their abilities to see themselves as good parents.
Fault Detection of Drinking Water Treatment Process Using PCA and Hotelling's T2 Chart

This paper deals with the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Hotelling’s T2 Chart, using data collected from a drinking water treatment process. PCA is applied primarily for the dimensional reduction of the collected data. The Hotelling’s T2 control chart was used for the fault detection of the process. The data was taken from a United Utilities Multistage Water Treatment Works downloaded from an Integrated Program Management (IPM) dashboard system. The analysis of the results show that Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) techniques such as PCA, and control charts such as Hotelling’s T2, can be effectively applied for the early fault detection of continuous multivariable processes such as Drinking Water Treatment. The software package SIMCA-P was used to develop the MSPC models and Hotelling’s T2 Chart from the collected data. Keywords— Principal Component Analysis, Hotelling's T2 Chart, Multivariate Statistical Process Control, Drinking Water Treatment.
Predicting student success in an introductory programming course

This paper examines to what extent a student's aptitude in computer programming may be predicted through measuring certain cognitive skills, personality traits and past academic achievement. The primary purpose of this study was to build a practical and reliable model for predicting success in programming, with hopes of better counseling students. Results from correlating predictor variables with a student's final numerical score confirmed past studies which showed the diagramming and reasoning tests of the Computer Programmer Aptitude Battery and a student's GPA to be the predictors most closely associated with success. A multiple regression equation developed from 5 predictors correctly classified 61 of 79 students (77.2%) into low and high aptitude groups.