Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects the Brain Against Injury After Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest

Background— Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a mechanism protecting tissues from injury during ischemia and reperfusion. Remote IPC (RIPC) can be elicited by applying brief periods of ischemia to tissues with ischemic tolerance, thus protecting vital organs more susceptible to ischemic damage. Using a porcine model, we determined whether RIPC of the limb is protective against brain injury caused by hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). Methods and Results— Twelve piglets were randomized to control and RIPC groups. RIPC was induced in advance of cardiopulmonary bypass by 4 cycles of 5 minutes of ischemia of the hind limb. All animals underwent cardiopulmonary bypass followed by 60 minutes of HCA at 18°C. Brain metabolism and electroencephalographic activity were monitored for 8 hours after HCA. Assessment of neurological status was performed for a week postoperatively. Finally, brain tissue was harvested for histopathological analysis. Study groups were balanced for baseline and intraoperative parameters. Brain lactate concentration was significantly lower (P<0.0001, ANOVA) and recovery of electroencephalographic activity faster (P<0.05, ANOVA) in the RIPC group. RIPC had a beneficial effect on neurological function during the 7-day follow-up (behavioral score; P<0.0001 versus control, ANOVA). Histopathological analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in cerebral injury in RIPC animals (injury score; mean [interquartile range]: control 5.8 [3.8 to 7.5] versus RIPC 1.5 [0.5 to 2.5], P<0.001, t test). Conclusions— These data demonstrate that RIPC protects the brain against HCA-induced injury, resulting in accelerated recovery of neurological function. RIPC might be neuroprotective in patients undergoing surgery with HCA and improve long-term outcomes. Clinical trials to test this hypothesis are warranted.
Musical expression of emotions : Modeling listeners´ judgements of composed and performed features

Music is commonly regarded as expressive of emotions that can be perceived by listeners. Nevertheless, the specific characteristics of this perceptual process are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the relationships between various features of musical structure and the emotions perceived by listeners, with a focus on the role of interactions among such features. Eight musical features (pitch, mode, melodic progression, rhythm, tempo, sound level, articulation and timbre) were systematically manipulated in a factorial design through synthesis. Ten musically trained listeners judged the resulting 384 pieces of music on five emotion scales. The relationships between musical features and listener judgements were modelled by means of multiple regression analysis. The results (1) confirmed empirically based predictions from previous post hoc analyses with respect to which musical features are associated with each emotion; (2) suggested that different musical features were important for different emotions; (3) indicated that some features (e.g. tempo) were more powerful than others overall; and (4) revealed that interactions made significant but small contributions to the predictive power of the regression models.
A Long-Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury Therapy Using Human Skeletal Muscle-Derived Stem Cells (Sk-SCs): An Achievement of Significant Morphological, Numerical and Functional Recovery

Losses in vital functions of the somatic motor and sensory nervous system are induced by severe long-gap peripheral nerve transection injury. In such cases, autologous nerve grafts are the gold standard treatment, despite the unavoidable sacrifice of other healthy functions, whereas the prognosis is not always favorable. Here, we use human skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (Sk-SCs) to reconstitute the function after long nerve-gap injury. Muscles samples were obtained from the amputated legs from 9 patients following unforeseen accidents. The Sk-SCs were isolated using conditioned collagenase solution, and sorted as CD34+/45- (Sk-34) and CD34-/45-/29+ (Sk-DN/29+) cells. Cells were separately cultured/expanded under optimal conditions for 2 weeks, then injected into the athymic nude mice sciatic nerve long-gap model (7-mm) bridging an acellular conduit. After 8–12 weeks, active cell engraftment was observed only in the Sk-34 cell transplanted group, showing preferential differentiation into Schwann cells and perineurial/endoneurial cells, as well as formation of the myelin sheath and perineurium/endoneurium surrounding regenerated axons, resulted in 87% of numerical recovery. Differentiation into vascular cell lineage (pericyte and endothelial cells) were also observed. A significant tetanic tension recovery (over 90%) of downstream muscles following electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve (at upper portion of the gap) was also achieved. In contrast, Sk-DN/29+ cells were completely eliminated during the first 4 weeks, but relatively higher numerical (83% vs. 41% in axon) and functional (80% vs. 60% in tetanus) recovery than control were observed. Noteworthy, significant increase in the formation of vascular networks in the conduit during the early stage (first 2 weeks) of recovery was observed in both groups with the expression of key factors (mRNA and protein levels), suggesting the paracrine effects to angiogenesis. These results suggested that the human Sk-SCs may be a practical source for autologous stem cell therapy following severe peripheral nerve injury.
Identification of the Human Enzymes Involved in the Oxidative Metabolism of Dasatinib: An Effective Approach for Determining Metabolite Formation Kinetics

N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide (dasatinib, Sprycel, BMS-354825; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ) is a potent protein kinase inhibitor to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. In vivo studies have shown that the primary oxidative metabolites of dasatinib are M4 (N-dealkylation), M5 (N-oxidation), M6 (carboxylic acid formation), M20, and M24 (hydroxylation). To identify the enzymes responsible for the formation of these metabolites, [14C]-dasatinib and nonradiolabeled dasatinib were incubated with human cDNA-expressed enzymes [cytochromes P450 (P450s) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 3] or human liver microsome (HLM) in the presence of selective P450 inhibitors (antibodies and chemical inhibitors). The results of these experiments showed that metabolites M4, M20, and M24 were mainly generated by CYP3A4; M5 was primarily formed by FMO3; and M6 was formed by a cytosolic oxidoreductase. The enzyme kinetic analysis showed that the formation of M4 and M5 in HLM followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the formation data of M20 and M24 fitted well to a partial substrate inhibition kinetic model. The Km values were determined by the kinetic analysis of the substrate-dependent metabolite formation plots from a large number of incubations with the nonlabeled dasatinib; the Vmax values were calculated with the predetermined Km values and the metabolite formation rates from a limited number of incubations with [14C]dasatinib. The intrinsic formation clearance values (Vmax/Km) of 52, 14, 274, and 20 μl/mg protein/min for the formation of M4, M5, M20, and M24, respectively, suggested that the formation of M20 was more efficient than other metabolites. Collectively, multiple in vitro experiments showed that dasatinib was predominately metabolized by CYP3A4.
Investigating emotions in Parkinson's disease: what we know and what we still don't know

Over the last decade, there has been an increasing attention to the role played by emotional processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, most of what is known in this area is based on research conducted in laboratory or clinical settings. In this article, the authors underline the need to expand our current knowledge of the psychological correlates of PD by investigating patients' everyday emotions in natural contexts. Specifically, the authors illustrate new research avenues based on the implementation of experience sampling methods. It is argued that these methods could permit future researchers to ecologically assess the frequency and intensity with which parkinsonian patients experience specific emotions (either negative or positive) during their everyday life, providing at the same time precious information on what are the most typical situations in which these emotions occur and on how patients behave in these circumstances. Potential practical implications associated with investigating these issues are discussed.
RETRO: A Consistent and Recoverable RESTful Transaction Model

With REST becoming a popular paradigm for web services, more and more use cases are applied to it, including some that require transactional guarantees. We propose a RESTful transaction model that satisfies both the constraints of transactions as well as those of the REST architectural style. We provide formal proof of consistency and recoverability in the proposed framework and show the robustness of its properties in the presence of concurrent transactions.
In answer to the question: "As compared to what?" A progress report on the EC/IC bypass study.

THE DEVASTATION of a major stroke for an individual and his family needs no elaboration for the readers of this journal. To reduce the incidence of this common catastrophe is the goal and preoccupation of many physicians and surgeons. Into the scientific appraisal of therapeutic measures a new element has entered — modern methodology. There is a growing demand by critical members of our profession for convincing accreditation of measures purported to be effective in stroke prevention. As a result medical, and also surgical, means of stroke prophylaxis have been submitted to this type of enquiry by clinical trials. Pitfalls in design, execution and analysis have been encountered in most studies to date, resulting in criticism and cynicism directed at these trials. Both are welcome as they will lead to improvement in methods for further studies. Critics and cynics can hamper, very seriously, the success of an attempt to validate a therapy because if their voices are authoritative they may persuade practitioners and the public that clinical judgement based on experience, well-remembered anecdotes of happy or unfortunate outcomes, or long series of uncontrolled studies with apparently reduced morbidity and mortality are adequate evidence of effective treatment and preferable to "experimenting on people. " Trie development of microsurgery followed the pioneering studies of Donaghey and Yasargil who demonstrated that the blood supply of the scalp could be successfully grafted onto that of the brain with safety and patency in humans as well as in the laboratory. * Subsequently, such surgery has been done frequently enough to convince the most critical that it is a procedure of low morbidity and mortality and a large number of neurosurgeons now can perform EC/IC anastomosis with skill and operative success. Patency rates are high and cerebral blood flow studies often demonstrate quantitative improvement in regional cerebral blood flow.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Rumah Sakit Nur Hidayah Bantul

Background: : The process of development is a Nur Hidayah Hospital (RS Nur Hidayah) Bantul makes employees work load increases. Improved performance the hospital can improve employee performance. If the employees performance is getting better, the service given to the patients will be getting better too . While the employee's performance can be influenced by the work motivation. The researcher interested to do research the influence of motivation on performance of employees. Objective: Measure of motivation and employee performance. Measure the influence of motivation on employee performance. Method: this was quantitatif descriptive research using cross sectional approach plan. the number of 79 employees respondents from 111 employees. The data analyzed using correlation analysis. Motivation assessed by questionnaire, performance while using a checklist. Result and discussion: Motivation (82, 3%) and performance (92, 4 %) employees are included in the high category. There is significant influence between motivation on employee performance (r=0,775 p (0, 00) <0, 05). Influence of intrinsic motivation (r=0,737) more powerful than extrinsic motivation (r=0,325). There is influence of the sub variables of responsibility (p=0,032), recognition (p=0,002), work achievement (p=0,007), career development (p=0,000), work (p=0,016), promotion (p=0,029), work condition (p=0,001) on employee performance. Conclusion and recommendation: This study shows motivation and employee performance is already high. Overall there is a strong influence on employee work motivation Nur Hidayah Hospital Bantul. Work motivation still need to be maintained and improved for the better employee performance. Keywords: Motivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance
AC Power Theory From Poynting Theorem: Identification of the Power Components of Magnetic Saturating and Hysteretic Circuits

This paper is the continuation of an earlier work on narrowing the theoretical gap with power theory (or “power definitions”) for nonlinear circuits. The underlying idea is to compute the active and reactive powers of a general single-phase circuit from only the knowledge of the instantaneous voltage and current at the circuit terminals. This is done to shed light on the long-standing controversy on the physical meaning of the various types of powers defined for nonsinusoidal waveforms. Previously, only the power components of nonlinear switching circuits consisting of constant resistive and inductive elements were properly identified. The method is now extended to be suitable for the identification of the power components of general single-phase nonlinear circuits including magnetic nonlinear components with saturation and hysteresis. The Poynting Theorem is applied to correctly identify the energy consumed in electrical elements (Joule losses) as well as the energy stored/restored and consumed in the hysteresis loop of magnetic elements. Numerous examples are presented for illustration and validation of the method.
Open Questions Surrounding RCU

Read-copy update (RCU) is a light-weight synchronization mechanism that has been used in production for well over a decade, most recently, as part of the Linux kernel. Although RCU is well-understood in the sense that practitioners are able to make good use of it without special training, there are a number of intriguing open questions related to RCU. This paper introduces a number of such questions, calling out prior and ongoing research efforts where applicable.
Blood lactate clearance after maximal exercise depends on active recovery intensity.

AIM High-intensity exercise is time-limited by onset of fatigue, marked by accumulation of blood lactate. This is accentuated at maximal, all-out exercise that rapidly accumulates high blood lactate. The optimal active recovery intensity for clearing lactate after such maximal, all-out exercise remains unknown. Thus, we studied the intensity-dependence of lactate clearance during active recovery after maximal exercise. METHODS We constructed a standardized maximal, all-out treadmill exercise protocol that predictably lead to voluntary exhaustion and blood lactate concentration>10 mM. Next, subjects ran series of all-out bouts that increased blood lactate concentration to 11.5±0.2 mM, followed by recovery exercises ranging 0% (passive)-100% of the lactate threshold. RESULTS Repeated measurements showed faster lactate clearance during active versus passive recovery (P<0.01), and that active recovery at 60-100% of lactate threshold was more efficient for lactate clearance than lower intensity recovery (P<0.05). Active recovery at 80% of lactate threshold had the highest rate of and shortest time constant for lactate clearance (P<0.05), whereas the response during the other intensities was graded (100%=60%>40%>passive recovery, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Active recovery after maximal all-out exercise clears accumulated blood lactate faster than passive recovery in an intensity-dependent manner, with maximum clearance occurring at active recovery of 80% of lactate threshold.
Analytical Study of the Causal Factors of Divorce in African Homes

The increasing rate of divorce in African homes is an intricate incident happening among African couples and in the world at large. Family is indeed the bedrock of any continent, and world. The rampant occurrence of divorce in African homes is found to have socio-economic and political effect in the society. Primary data were collected through questionnaires (face-to-face and online) countries across the continent and all were analyzed. The data comprises of sixty married homes, and forty divorcees, consisting of sixty married couples living together, twenty men divorcees and twenty women divorcees were selected at random and given copies of questionnaires. The results showed that respondents perceived barrenness or infertility as the major cause of divorce. It is also followed by other causes such as absence of love, ignorance, poverty, religion differences, unemployment, and others. Marriage counselors were encouraged to carry out more studies in this area in other to find a lasting solution to divorce, effect zero tolerance to divorce in the African homes, and device a means of uniting the divorcees so that Africa as a continent will be emulated and set as a standard for other continents to evaluate their marriage performance. Keywords: causes, divorce, Africa, homes
Organizational culture and compensation systems: An examination of job applicants' attraction to organizations

Purpose – Compensation influences applicants' perceptions of a position's attractiveness, but there has been limited analysis of how different compensation systems might reflect organizational cultures and influence organizational attractiveness. This article seeks to explore these issues.Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was conducted in which 288 undergraduates reacted to scenarios describing a company that distributed salaries and benefits based on either merit or on seniority. Individual differences were also measured and analyzed. Analysis of variance and moderated regression were used to test the hypotheses.Findings – Relative to seniority‐based compensation systems, the cultures of organizations relying on merit were perceived to be more aggressive, reward‐oriented, and less decisive. Unexpectedly, the psychological contracts of organizations using merit systems were generally perceived to be more relational and less transactional than those using seniority‐based systems. Individual diffe.
COUP-TFI is required for the formation of commissural projections in the forebrain by regulating axonal growth

The transcription factor COUP-TFI (NR2F1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is an important regulator of neurogenesis, cellular differentiation and cell migration. In the forebrain, COUP-TFI controls the connectivity between thalamus and cortex and neuronal tangential migration in the basal telencephalon. Here, we show that COUP-TFI is required for proper axonal growth and guidance of all major forebrain commissures. Fibres of the corpus callosum, the hippocampal commissure and the anterior commissure project aberrantly and fail to cross the midline in COUP-TFI null mutants. Moreover, hippocampal neurons lacking COUP-TFI have a defect in neurite outgrowth and show an abnormal axonal morphology. To search for downstream effectors, we used microarray analysis and showed that, in the absence of COUP-TFI, expression of various cytoskeleton molecules involved in neuronal morphogenesis is affected. Diminished protein levels of the microtubule-associated protein MAP1B and increased levels of the GTP-binding protein RND2 were confirmed in the developing cortex in vivo and in primary hippocampal neurons in vitro. Therefore, based on morphological studies, gene expression profiling and primary cultured neurons, the present data uncover a previously unappreciated intrinsic role for COUP-TFI in axonal growth in vivo and supply one of the premises for COUP-TFI coordination of neuronal morphogenesis in the developing forebrain.
Cold Sintering: A Paradigm Shift for Processing and Integration of Ceramics.

This paper describes a sintering technique for ceramics and ceramic-based composites, using water as a transient solvent to effect densification (i.e. sintering) at temperatures between room temperature and 200 °C. To emphasize the incredible reduction in sintering temperature relative to conventional thermal sintering this new approach is named the "Cold Sintering Process" (CSP). Basically CSP uses a transient aqueous environment to effect densification by a mediated dissolution-precipitation process. CSP of NaCl, alkali molybdates and V2 O5 with small concentrations of water are described in detail, but the process is extended and demonstrated for a diverse range of chemistries (oxides, carbonates, bromides, fluorides, chlorides and phosphates), multiple crystal structures, and multimaterial applications. Furthermore, the properties of selected CSP samples are demonstrated to be essentially equivalent as samples made by conventional thermal sintering.
NIRS‐measured oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin changes associated with EEG spike‐and‐wave discharges in a genetic model of absence epilepsy: The GAERS

Purpose: Absence epilepsy may be severe and is frequently accompanied by cognitive delay, yet its metabolic/hemodynamic aspects have not been established. The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are an isomorphic, predictive, and homologous model of human absence epilepsy. We studied hemodynamic changes related to generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges (GSWDs) in GAERS by using a technique with high temporal resolution: near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We hypothesized that conflicting results from other techniques might be due to the averaging of a biphasic response such as the one we described in children.
Assessment of postprandial glucose excursions throughout the day in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that postprandial glucose (PPG) is independently linked to multiple complications and that testing of PPG should be added to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting glucose measurements in the evaluation of glycemic control of type 2 diabetes patients. An ongoing debate is questioning how to assess PPG. This observational study looks further into this question in a cohort of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS PPG characteristics and intra-/intersubject variations post-breakfast, -lunch, and -dinner, obtained from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), were retrospectively analyzed in 86 newly diagnosed non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients. RESULTS In total, 462 recorded meals were analyzed. The area under the curve 1-4 h postmeal was significantly larger after breakfast compared with both lunch and dinner (P<0.001). Time to peak was approximately 90 min and did not differ significantly between meals. However, the distribution of the blood glucose peaks was only normally distributed among breakfasts, and time to peak had a day-to-day correlation coefficient of 0.60, compared with a nonsignificant result for lunch and dinner. Breakfast PPG peaks were highly correlated to HbA1c (P<0.05, r=0.64) and had a day-to-day correlation coefficient of 0.86 compared with 0.44 for lunch and 0.74 for dinner. CONCLUSIONS Self-monitoring of blood PPG should be evaluated with care. From our data, monitoring of PPG patterns in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients should preferably be obtained following breakfast for a more consistent assessment, reducing day-to-day variations.