Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective Auditory Features of Sarcasm

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the subjective auditory dimensions underlying the identification of short utterances as sarcastic. One-hundred fifty-one students were asked to identify the tone of voice in brief statements heard binaurally and intended to reflect neutral, sincere, and sarcastic tones. Participants also rated these statements on seven separate dimensions (clarity, tempo, resonance, pitch, pitch variation, intensity, and intensity variation). Results revealed that the sincere tone of voice was better identified than the sarcastic tone, which in turn was more easily identified than the neutral tone. The seven dimensions all produced significant differences in ratings among the three tones of voice. Finally, factor analysis showed six factors corresponding to characteristics of the rated dimensions. These findings support the conclusion that posed sarcasm is perceived through the integration of multiple subjective auditory features, similar to the interpretation of any other prosody.
What Australians think about crime and justice: results from the 2007 Survey of Social Attitudes

This report explores the differences between the public view and the reality of how much recorded crime there is and of what happens to offenders after they are charged. The results are valuable as a measure of public attitudes and perceptions of crime and the criminal justice system. The report provides an analysis of the responses in the 2007 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes (AuSSA) on crime and justice. The AuSSA is a biennial mail-out survey that provides data on key questions relating to Australians’ social attitudes and behaviours over time (Gibson et al. 2005). AuSSA 2007 consisted of a cross sectional mail-out survey completed by 8,133 adults from all Australian states and territories. Three versions of the survey were fielded with final response rates ranging from 39 to 42 percent. To produce Australian estimates the data have been weighted by education level to correct for differences in education level between survey respondents and the general population. Key findings from the survey on perceptions of crime were: Approximately one in eight adult Australians (12.9%) views crime, drugs or terrorism as themost important issue facing Australia today. Broadcast and tabloid media provide the major source of information for most members of the public about crime and justice. Almost 80 percent of respondents rate TV, radio and newspapers as fairly or very important sources of information. A large majority of the public have inaccurate views about the occurrence of crime and the severity of sentencing. Consistent with previous Australian and international research, the Australian public perceives crime to be increasing when it isn’t, overestimates the proportion of crime that involves violence and underestimates the proportion of charged persons who go on to be convicted and imprisoned. Approximately three-quarters of Australians thought a terrorist attack in South East Asia in the 12 post-survey months was likely, with one-third thinking a terrorist attack likely in Australia. The majority of survey respondents support the government having the right to tap telephone conversations (76.7%), stop and search people in the street at random (54.2%) and to detain indefinitely without trial (56.1%) where terrorism is suspected, but do not support the torture of prisoners (59.6%). Fear of crime Key findings from the survey on fear of crime were: The majority of Australians rate incivilities as ‘not a very big problem’, or ‘not a problem at all’ in their local area. The majority of Australians are not very worried about being a victim of a range of crimes. However, this still leaves a large minority who are ‘fairly’ or ‘very’ worried. On average, females reported higher rates of fear than males, with fear increasing as perceptions of incivilities increased. A major new fear is worry about identity theft and credit card fraud. Fear of crime is associated with decreased confidence in the criminal justice system and more punitive attitudes.
The use of MOOCs to support personalized learning: An application in the technology entrepreneurship field

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are changing the way in which people can access digital knowledge, thus creating new opportunities for learning and competence development. MOOCs leverage the free and open use of digitized material through supportive on-line systems. MOOCs have gained worldwide popularity and many education providers have started to offer courses in different domains such as innovation management and entrepreneurship tackling recent demands for better employability and social inclusion. This paper presents a beneficial application of MOOCs to support the design and delivery of personalized learning paths aimed to develop competencies in the technology entrepreneurship domain. Using a design science approach, a platform for the delivery of open courses has been developed along with a set of experimental courses and learner/instructors guidelines. The platform is based on a roadmap purposefully designed to drive course classification, competence mapping and interactive learning gap/priority analysis. The paper reports a trial set of the system with undergraduate students conducted to draw feedback for iterative system design. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2016.08. 008
Assessing knowledge-intensive work environment: General versus situation-specific instruments

The aim of the present study is to examine to what extent general and situation-specific work environment instruments capture the salient work characteristics in a knowledge-intensive context. We conducted qualitative open-ended interviews with 30 employees (24 men and six women) from a Norwegian university department. The information from the interviews was content-analysed and coded on the scales of five work environment instruments; two general instruments (the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work [QPSNordic] and the Job Diagnostic Survey [JDS]) and three situation-specific instruments (Assessing the climate for creativity [KEYS], Situational Outlook Questionnaire [SOQ], and the Organizational Climate Measure [OCM]). The results showed that situation-specific work environment instruments covered significantly more statements about the work environment than the general instruments. More statements could be categorized on the organization and individual levels, compared to group and leadership levels. The situation-specific instruments covered more statements than general instruments at the organization level. These statements were mainly related to the organizational context, social and relational characteristics, and encouragement of creativity and organizational impediments to creativity. The findings support the value of situation-specific instruments for assessing the work environment in knowledge-intensive organizations.
The Annexin a2 Promotes Development in Arthritis through Neovascularization by Amplification Hedgehog Pathway

The neovascularization network of pannus formation plays a crucial role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Annexin a2 (Axna2) is an important mediating agent that induces angiogenesis in vascular diseases. The correlation between Axna2 and pannus formation has not been studied. Here, we provided evidence that compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy people, the expression of Axna2 and Axna2 receptor (Axna2R) were up-regulated in patients with RA. Joint swelling, inflammation and neovascularization were increased significantly in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that were exogenously added Axna2. Cell experiments showed that Axna2 promoted HUVEC proliferation by binding Axna2R, and could activate Hedgehog (HH) signaling and up-regulate the expression of Ihh and Gli. Besides, expression of Ihh, Patched (Ptc), Smoothened (Smo) and Gli and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), angiogenic growth factor of HH signaling downstream, were down-regulated after inhibition of expression Axna2R on HUVEC. Together, our research definitely observed that over-expression of Axna2 could promote the development of CIA, especially during the process of pannus formation for the first time. Meanwhile, Axna2 depended on combining Axna2R to activate and enlarge HH signaling and the expression of its downstream VEGF, Ang-2 and MMP-2 to promote HUVEC proliferation, and eventually caused to angiogenesis. Therefore, the role of Axna2 is instructive for understanding the development of RA, suppress the effect of Axna2 might provide a new potential measure for treatment of RA.
Formal Methods for Plan-based Robot Autonomy : A Case Study

This paper presents an instantiation of a knowledge engineering environment in which Validation and Verification (V&V) tools are used to support the development of software for plan-based autonomy. The described environment is being used in support of a robotic project. The paper describes how formal methods can be deployed to support the design and development of a timeline-based planning and scheduling system integrated into a robotic control architecture.
A Longitudinal Analysts of Immigrant Occupational Mobility: A Test of the Immigrant Assimilation Hypothesis 1

This article develops a model of the occupational mobility of immigrants and tests the hypotheses using data on males from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia, Panel I. The theoretical model generates hypotheses regarding a U-shaped pattern of occupational mobility from the “last job” in the origin, to the “first job” in the destination, to subsequent jobs in the destination, and regarding the depth of the “U. ” The survey includes data on pre-immigration occupation, the “first” occupation in Australia (at six months) and the occupation after about three-and-a-half years in Australia. The hypotheses are supported by the empirical analysis.
Spatial cognition for robots

The paper discusses robot navigation from biological inspiration. The authors sought to build a model of the rodent brain that is suitable for practical robot navigation. The core model, dubbed RatSLAM, has been demonstrated to have exactly the same advantages described earlier: it can build, maintain, and use maps simultaneously over extended periods of time and can construct maps of large and complex areas from very weak geometric information. The work contrasts with other efforts to embody models of rat brains in robots. The article describes the key elements of the known biology of the rat brain in relation to navigation and how the RatSLAM model captures the ideas from biology in a fashion suitable for implementation on a robotic platform. The paper then outline RatSLAM's performance in two difficult robot navigation challenges, demonstrating how a cognitive robotics approach to navigation can produce results that rival other state of the art approaches in robotics.
Results from the Pilot Study of the Citizens, Victims, and Offenders Restoring Justice Program at the Washington State Reformatory

Citizens, Victims, and Offenders Restoring Justice Program is a prison-based program conducted as a pilot study at the Washington State Reformatory from 1997 to 1998. The purpose of the study was to explore ways in which the restorative justice model may be practically applied in a correctional setting. The pilot project consisted of development, implementation, and evaluation of three trials of a seminar on restorative justice involving victims, offenders, and citizens as participants. The development of the program is outlined, program goals and evaluation methods are summarized, and the evaluation results are presented. The combined quantitative and participant observational results show that the program was effective in achieving the four program goals. The seminar provided a safe environment for inmates to begin making amends for their crimes and for victims to heal, facilitated constructive communication between polarized groups, and encouraged participants to develop creative ways of thinking about justice and strategies for dealing with crime. Implications of the results for future programs are discussed.
Is It "Writing on Water" or "Strike It Rich?" the Experiences of Prospective Teachers in Using Search Engines

Information searching skills have become increasingly important for prospective teachers with the exponential growth of learning materials on the web. Th is study is an attempt to understand the experiences of prospective teachers with search engines through metaphoric images and to further investigate whether their experiences are related to the variables of years spent in the program and years of experience with computers. Participants were comprised of 335 prospective classroom teachers registered at Pamukkale University, Faculty of Education, Primary School Teaching Program (1-5) in the Department of Elementary Education. In this descriptive study, data were collected through asking participants to produce a metaphor with reasoning that demonstrates their experiences with search engines. Gathered data were analyzed by using the techniques of content, frequency, and percentage analyses. Upon this procedure, themes were emerged. Chi-square test was used to identify whether participants’ experiences relate to their years of computer experience and years spent in the program. Findings drew attention to the categories of provisions, opportunities, and problems in searching for information and demonstrated the dominance of problems with respect to other themes. Participants’ experiences were not related to their experiences with computers but were related to their years in the program. Findings revealed a need to off er learning experiences to enhance prospective classroom teachers’ searching skills.
The Interaction of News and Advocate Frames: Manipulating Audience Perceptions of a Local Public Policy Issue

This article presents the results of a two-wave experiment designed to examine how journalistic news frames can facilitate the communication of advocacy frames designed to influence audience perceptions of a political issue. We constructed five versions of a newspaper article about large-scale hog farms. The versions differed in the weight they gave to frames promoted by organizations interested in this issue. The relative emphasis given the competing frames was reflected in subjects' interpretations of the issue and in their evaluations of hog farms. A retest three weeks after the initial exposure revealed a significant, though muted, cognitive impact of the frames. The implications of these results for journalism, issue advocacy, and the study of issue framing are discussed.
Imprinting, latchment and displacement: a mini review of early instinctual behaviour in newborn infants influencing breastfeeding success

Instinctive behaviours have evolved favouring the mother–infant dyad based on fundamental processes of neurological development, including oral tactile imprinting and latchment. Latchment is the first stage of emotional development based on the successful achievement of biological imprinting. The mechanisms underpinning imprinting are identified and the evolutionary benefits discussed.
NFE2L2 Gene Mutation in Male Japanese Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Introduction: Recently, the nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) gene mutations were identified in lung cancer. The constitutive activation of NFE2L2 in lung cancer cells promotes tumorigenicity. However, the correlation between NFE2L2 mutation status and clinicopathologic features of lung cancer has not been well characterized. Methods: We have investigated NFE2L2 gene mutation status in 263 surgically treated lung cancer cases at Nagoya City University Hospital. The NFE2L2 mutation was analyzed by direct sequencing of cDNA. Results: We detected 13 cases (5.1%) of NFE2L2 mutation in our cohort; all were male and all had a squamous histology. EGFR mutations were present in 78 patients (30.8%). The NFE2L2 mutation was exclusive with EGFR mutations. The NFE2L2 mutation tended to be more frequently found in patients with advanced stages. The patients with NFE2L2 mutation (n = 13, 8 were dead) had significantly worse prognosis than the patient with wild type NFE2L2 (n = 250, 72 were dead) (Log-rank test, p = 0.0032, Breslow-Gehan-Wilcoxon test, p = 0.0028). Conclusion: NFE2L2 mutations might play a role in tumor prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
An Exploratory Study of the Influence of the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) Program on African American Young Men in Southeastern North Carolina

This article was originally published with errors, which have now been corrected in the online version. Please see Correction http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/10824669.2022. 2035939 This is a qualitative study of how the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) program influenced 9 African American young men in southeastern North Carolina. To understand the impact of the program, a cross-section of current and past AVID participants were interviewed. The African American male students were asked about their attitudes toward education and how AVID influenced them socially and academically. Four themes that emerged from the data were: (a) Supportive, family-like relationships are built within the AVID classroom; (b) the students strive to do better academically; (c) specific AVID methodologies improve student achievement in preparation for college; and (d) AVID positively affects student attitudes toward education. These themes are discussed in relation to the literature. Finally, we suggest how this research might inform future studies.
Study of the Case of Carl Gustav Jung: The Semi-Private Sphere as the Core of Analysis in His Creative Work

The aim of the present work is to analyze the interrelationship of cognition and emotion in the creative process of Carl Gustav Jung during the years 1906–1916, the period in which he sketched the basic ideas of his theory of the collective unconscious. The framework of this work is that of Howard Gruber, especially developed for carrying out psychological studies on scientific creativity, and designed for studying both the affective and cognitive aspects of the creative person, in order to recover the individual behind a work through the analysis of the three spheres in which she/he moves: private (personal documents, diaries), semi-private (discussions with close friends, face-to-face or by letter), and public (teachers, colleagues, etc.). Gruber attributes equal importance to all three; nevertheless, in this research the emphasis is placed on the semi-private sphere, as the connecting thread of the creative process, in that it is the most appropriate analytical space in which the cognitive and affective aspects are manifested in Jung. Therefore, its functioning is studied during the creative process, mentioning first its importance as the core of analysis in case studies, and moving on to analyze how it is projected toward the public sphere and toward the private sphere by means of inter-sphere connections.
The effect of a shared visual context during the presentation of elicitation stimuli on the narratives of young children with and without language impairment

This study aims to ascertain whether a shared visual context between examiners and children during narrative assessment influences the narratives produced by the children. Participants were 20 typically developing (TD) children and 10 children with language impairment (LI), aged 6 to 8 years. They were randomly assigned to two groups and assessed with two different presentation methods. Narrative performance was measured in terms of micro- and macrostructure. Microstructural variables included productivity (total number of words, total number of T-units), syntactic complexity (mean length of T-unit) and lexical diversity measures (total number of different words, number of internal state terms). Macrostructural variables included cohesion measures (number of complete, incomplete and error ties) and story structure scores measured by the Afrikaans translation (Klop, Visser and Oosthuizen 2012a) of the Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings-Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives © (LITMUS-MAIN) (Gagarina et al. 2012). Both presentation methods elicited narratives of similar quality in terms of the micro- and macrostructural variables in all the groups. A shared visual context between examiners and children during narrative assessment therefore did not influence the narratives produced by children with LI and TD children.
Top-down influences in social perception

The present chapter makes a case for the importance of the study of social perception as a phenomenon separate from impression formation and social categorisation, and of great significance for social psychology. We claim specifically that the development of tasks for studying perception is critical for addressing the question of whether top-down processes influence perception. Three series of studies conducted by the authors, and which relied on newly developed tasks, are presented. The first two series examine the effects of emotion and adult attachment orientation on the perception of facial expression of emotion. The third examines the influences of emotion concepts on perceptual memory for facial expression. The studies together provide good support for influences of emotional state, personality factors, and prior knowledge on the perception of facial expression of emotion, and call, we hope, for greater attention to perceptual processes in social psychology.
Depression following fracture in women: a study of age-matched cohorts

Objectives High levels of disability, functional impairment and mortality are independently associated with fracture and depression, however the relationship between fracture and depression is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fracture is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of women. Design A study of age-matched fracture versus non-fracture cohorts of women. Setting Barwon Statistical Division, southeastern Australia. Participants Two samples of women aged ≥35 years were drawn from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS). The fracture cohort included women with incident fracture identified from radiology reports and the non-fracture cohort were randomly selected from the electoral roll during 1994–1996. Outcome measure Symptoms of depression for women with and without fracture during the 12-month period 2000–2001 were identified by self-report questionnaire based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Results A total of 296 women with fracture (12 hip, 48 vertebral, 91 wrist/forearm, 17 upper arm, 7 pelvis, 11 rib, 62 lower leg and 48 other fractures) and 590 women without fracture were included. Associations between fracture and depression differed between younger (≤65 years) and older (>65 years) women. Age and weight-adjusted odds ratio for depression following fracture among younger women was 0.62 (0.35 to 1.11, p=0.12) and 3.33 (1.24 to 8.98, p=0.02) for older women. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors did not affect the results. Conclusions This study demonstrated that differences in mood status exist between older and younger women following fracture and that fracture is associated with increased depression in older women. Assessment of mood status in both the short and long term following fracture in the elderly seems justified, with early detection and treatment likely to result in improved outcomes.