Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construct validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale : Stability of factor structure and predictive validity with regard to the well-being of Japanese undergraduate students from two-year follow-up data

This study, which conducts a research on the well-being of Japanese undergraduate students, has three aims. First, this study examines whether the Japanese version of the 13-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale (SOC13) and 11-item SOC scale (SOC11) possess the stability of factor structure. Second, it tries to establish the comprehensive undergraduates' well-being model that is predicted by SOC. Last, it examined whether the Japanese version of SOC13 and SOC11 predict established undergraduates' well-being in addition to examining stability of factor structure and level and changes of their SOC, and which scale is more useful in Japan, SOC11 or SOC13.To investigate these objectives, a follow-up survey was conducted based on a self-administered questionnaire that was given to 406 undergraduates at two universities in Tokyo. The first surveys were conducted on first and second year undergraduates in May and October 2000 (Time1) and second survey were September 2002 (Time2) ; valid responses were received from 281 students (valid response rate : 69.2%). Structural equation modeling revealed that SOC13 and SOC11 had a high stability of second-order factor structure, though there remained a need for minimal modifications. In Addition, an undergraduate's well-being model, which was controlled for gender, grade, and school, had a good model fit. In both SOC13 and SOC11, the SOC-level and SOC-change had a common, significant effect on the physical-mental well-being and psychosocial well-being of the subjects. However, common to both sides, the path coefficients from SOC-level and SOC-change, particularly SOC-level, to the psychosocial well-being were lower in comparison to physical-mental well-being though this model was modified in fractional part.SOC11 and SOC13 possessed nearly the same stability and influence in the physical-mental well-being and psychosocial well-being. We can assume that it is permissible to use the SOC13 or SOC11 and reserve judgment on SOC13 or SOC11. It will be necessary to compare the construct validity of SOC13 with that of SOC11 in other samples.
A Cautionary Note on Using the Internet to Survey Recent Hunter Education Graduates

This Findings Abstract presents the results of a single-contact Web-based survey administered to recent graduates of Wisconsin’s hunter education program. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) initiated a hunter education program in 1967. A 1985 state law mandated that all hunters born on or after January 1, 1973 must earn a certificate of accomplishment in hunter education before purchasing a hunting license (Wis. Stat. 29.591). To obtain a certificate, students must pass both a written examination and a practical exam with a firearm. As of 2009, 955,827 students have graduated from Wisconsin’s hunter education program (WDNR, 2010). The first statewide evaluation of the students’ experiences with the program was conducted in 2009. The assessment included a single-contact Internet survey that was posted on “dnr.wi. gov” from April 20, 2009 to December 31, 2009. All students that graduated from the hunter education program during those dates (n = 16,560) were asked by a letter that accompanied their graduation certificate to evaluate their Wisconsin hunter education experience. Given the drawbacks of Internet surveys (Dillman & Bowker, 2001; Dillman, 2007; Duda & Nobile, 2010) our reliance on this method was not without concern. For example, a recent meta-analysis found that Web surveys, on average, result in response rates 11% lower than those from other survey modes (Lozar Manfreda, Bosnjak, Berzelak, Haas, & Vehovar, 2008). Other drawbacks include (a) software incompatibilities such as old Web browsers incapable of displaying the questionnaire as the researcher intended and (b) slow transmission speeds resulting in lengthy download times (Dillman, 2007). Despite these drawbacks, hunter education administrators and the authors elected to utilize the Internet to survey recent hunter education graduates. Several reasons were behind the decision. First, the WDNR has had historical success with surveys. Response rates from mail surveys conducted by the WDNR have ranged from 62% to 93%. Response rates after a single contact (no advance letter) have typically ranged from 25% to 40% (Petchenik, DNR, personal data, 1987–2010). Second, Internet surveys typically cost less
Understanding the Role of Parents and Siblings as Information Sources in the College Choice Process of Chicana Students

Guided by a social capital framework, this qualitative study examined the role of protective agents, namely parents and siblings, during the college choice process of 20 Chicana seniors attending a large urban high school in California. Despite previous research showing that Mexican parents hold a high value toward the importance of an education, this study shows that the role that parents were able to fulfill during the college choice process was greatly limited. The findings of this study also suggest that in many cases, siblings replaced parents as information sources when parents were not able to assist Chicanas with the college application process. These findings raise questions about the college information sources available to Chicanas outside the home, such as schools or community agencies.
Transfer of Hepatitis B Virus Genome by Adenovirus Vectors into Cultured Cells and Mice: Crossing the Species Barrier

ABSTRACT For the study of hepatitis B virus infection, no permissive cell line or small animal is available. Stably transfected cell lines and transgenic mice which contain hepadnavirus genomes produce virus, but—unlike in natural infection—from an integrated viral transcription template. To transfer hepadnavirus genomes across the species barrier, we developed adenovirus vectors in which 1.3-fold-overlength human and duck hepatitis B virus genomes were inserted. The adenovirus-mediated genome transfer efficiently initiated hepadnavirus replication from an extrachromosomal template in established cell lines, in primary hepatocytes from various species, and in the livers of mice. Following the transfer, hepatitis B virus proteins, genomic RNA, and all replicative DNA intermediates were detected. Detection of covalently closed circular DNA in hepatoma cell lines and in primary hepatocytes indicated that an intracellular replication cycle independent from the transferred linear viral genome was established. High-titer hepatitis B virions were released into the culture medium of hepatoma cells and the various primary hepatocytes. In addition, infectious virions were secreted into the sera of mice. In conclusion, adenovirus-mediated genome transfer initiated efficient hepatitis B virus replication in cultured liver cells and in the experimental animals from an extrachromosomal template. This will allow development of small-animal systems of hepatitis B virus infection and will facilitate study of pathogenicity of wild-type and mutant viruses as well as of virus-host interaction and new therapeutic approaches.
Similarities and Differences in Teachers' Practical Knowledge About Teaching Reading Comprehension

Abstract The similarities and differences in language teachers' practical knowledge about teaching reading comprehension to 16- to 18-year-old students were explored. A questionnaire was developed that consisted of closed-format questions derived from a qualitative in-depth study on teachers' practical knowledge about teaching reading comprehension. The results indicate that part of teachers' practical knowledge was shared knowledge and that 4 scales of (unshared) practical knowledge could be distinguished. On the basis of those scales, 4 clusters of teachers were identified, each representing a specific focus of teachers' practical knowledge.
Learning by Writing in Introductory Psychology

The writing-across-the-curriculum movement suggests that writing assignments can enable students to think more clearly about a discipline. Performance of three groups of beginning psychology students on class tests under two conditions was compared (1) after completing lecture-based writing assignments (ns = 21 and 23) and (2) without writing assignments (n = 25). Test performance improved for one experimental group on the objective portion and for the other experimental group on the essay portion of the tests; however, the experimental and control groups did not differ on the comprehensive multiple-choice final examination. The two experimental groups were taught by different instructors, which might account for the difference in test scores. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that students responded positively to the writing assignments. Faculty stated that the writing assignments provided them valuable information about students' learning.
Saccadic Eye Movements of Children and Adults to Double-Step Stimuli

The programming and reprogramming of oculomotor responses to double-step and single-step targets was investigated in 5-6-year-old and 10-12-year-old children and in adults. The independent variables in Experiment 1 were intertarget interval (50, 100, 150, and 200 msec) and target location. The number of trials on which a saccade was made to both first and second targets increased with age and intertarget interval, but the two factors did not interact. On trials where responses were made only to the second target, the children responded slower than the adults but showed generally similar patterns of response latencies. In Experiment 2, a warning signal was presented 0, 100, or 300 msec prior to the first target. For adults the 100- and 300-msec warning intervals reduced the latency of single-step responses and the first saccade of double-step responses, whereas only the 300-msec warning interval was similarly effective with children. In both experiments subjects in all age groups exhibited amplitude transition functions, indicating that the modifiability of saccadic programming is basically similar for adults and children. A comparison of simultaneous programming characteristics of adults and children suggested possible age differences, but the data were not conclusive. The results indicated age differences in the rate of programming and reprogramming saccades but no qualitative age-related differences in these processes.
Palaeoclimate change drove diversification among isolated mountain refugia in the Australian arid zone

Refugia featured prominently in shaping evolutionary trajectories during repeated cycles of glaciation in the Quaternary, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere instead experienced cycles of severe aridification but little is known about the temporal presence and role of refugia for arid‐adapted biota. Isolated mountain ranges located in the Australian arid zone likely provided refugia for many species following Mio/Pliocene (<15 Ma) aridification; however, the evolutionary consequences of the recent development of widespread sand deserts is largely unknown. To test alternative hypotheses of ancient vs. recent isolation, we generated a 10 gene data set to assess divergence history among saxicolous geckos in the genus Heteronotia that have distributions confined to major rocky ranges in the arid zone. Phylogenetic analyses show that each rocky range harbours a divergent lineage, and substantial intraspecific diversity is likely due to topographic complexity in these areas. Old divergences (∼4 Ma) among lineages pre‐date the formation of the geologically young sand deserts (<1 Ma), suggesting that Pliocene climate shifts fractured the distributions of biota long before the spread of the deserts.
Effect of Morning School Schedule on Sleep and Anthropometric Variables in Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study

The aim of this study was to assess whether the shift from afternoon to morning classes reduces the duration of sleep and whether this reduction has any relation to body fat measurements. This is a follow-up study in which students (n = 379), 12.4 (SD ± 0.7) yrs old, were evaluated before and after the school schedule shift, with a 1-yr interval between the first and second data collections. Adolescents were divided into two groups: an afternoon-morning group (students who shifted from afternoon to morning classes) and an afternoon-afternoon group (students who remained in afternoon classes). The morning schedule of classes lasted from 07:30 and 12:00 h, and the afternoon schedule of classes lasted from 13:00 and 17:30 h. Self-reported bedtime, wake-up time, and time-in-bed were obtained. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were obtained by direct measures. The results showed a reduction of time-in-bed during weekdays for those students who changed to the morning session (p < .001). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures of anthropometric differences between afternoon-afternoon and afternoon-morning groups showed no effect of the school schedule change on weight gain. In conclusion, the time-in-bed reduction in the period analyzed cannot be considered to be a mediating factor to modifications in overweight anthropometric indicators. (Author correspondence: michelleb_fisio@yahoo.com.br)
Diagnoses, labels and stereotypes

Children with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and their parents continue to experience stigma within health-care systems. Whilst some research studies have examined the stigma associated with children who have IDs, there continues to be a gap in understanding how the experiences of these children, their parents and nurses have been constructed personally, socially and institutionally. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 mothers, 12 nurses and 8 children. Feminist post-structuralism and discourse analysis were used to examine the experiences of children, parents and nurses with the intent of understanding the dominant taken-for-granted everyday practices as well as hidden or marginalized practices. Four main themes emerged, which included the theme of Diagnoses, Labels and Stereotypes, which will be discussed in this article. Participants provided rich detail about their experiences in the hospital and how they addressed and often attempted to challenge the stigma associated with children with IDs.
An Extended TOPSIS Method for the Multiple Attribute Decision Making Problems Based on Interval Neutrosophic Set

The interval neutrosophic set (INS) can be eas- ier to express the incomplete, indeterminate and incon- sistent information, and TOPSIS is one of the most commonly used and effective method for multiple attrib- ute decision making, however, in general, it can only process the attribute values with crisp numbers. In this paper, we have extended TOPSIS to INS, and with re- spect to the multiple attribute decision making problems in which the attribute weights are unknown and the at- tribute values take the form of INSs, we proposed an ex- panded TOPSIS method. Firstly, the definition of INS and the operational laws are given, and distance between INSs is defined. Then, the attribute weights are deter- mined based on the Maximizing deviation method and an extended TOPSIS method is developed to rank the alter- natives. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicali- ty and effectiveness.
Distributed consensus algorithms for collaborative temperature control in smart buildings

Buildings with shared spaces such as corporate office buildings, university dorms, etc. involve multiple occupants who are likely to have different temperature preferences. The building temperature control system needs to balance the desire of all users, as well as take the building energy cost into account. Centralized temperature management is challenging as the use comfort function is held privately and not centrally known. This paper proposes a distributed temperature control algorithm which ensures that a consensus is attained among all occupants, irrespective of their temperature preferences. Occupants are only assumed to be rational, in that they choose their own temperature set-points to minimize a combination of their individual energy cost and discomfort. We establish the convergence of the proposed algorithm to the optimal temperature set-point that minimizes the sum of the energy cost and the aggregate discomfort of all occupants. Simulations with realistic parameter settings illustrate the performance of the algorithm and provide insights on the dynamics of the system with a mobile user population.
The spatiotemporal structure of precipitation in Indian monsoon depressions

Indian monsoon depressions are synoptic‐scale events typically spun up in the Bay of Bengal. They usually last 4–6 days, during which they propagate northwestward across the Indian subcontinent before dissipating over northwest India or Pakistan. They can have a significant effect on monsoon precipitation, particularly in primarily agrarian northern India, and therefore quantifying their structure and variability and evaluating these in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and general circulation models (GCMs) is of critical importance. In this study, satellite data from CloudSat and recently concluded Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) missions are used in conjunction with an independently evaluated tracking algorithm to form a three‐dimensional composite image of cloud structure and precipitation within monsoon depressions. The composite comprises 34 depressions from the 1998–2014 TRMM mission and 12 from the 2007–present CloudSat mission and is statistically robust enough to allow significant probing of the spatiotemporal characteristics of moisture and hydrometeor fields. Among the key results of this work are the following: the discovery and characterization of a bimodal, diurnal cycle in surface precipitation; the first picture of the structure of cloud type and density in depressions, showing that deep convection dominates south of the centre and prominent cirrus throughout; the first composite picture of vertical hydrometeor structure in depressions, showing significant precipitation for hundreds of kilometres outside the centre and well past the mid‐troposphere; and a novel discussion of drop‐size distributions (showing significant uniformity across the depression) and the resulting latent heat profiles, showing that average heating rates near the centre can reach 2 K h‐1.
Relationship between "growing pains" and foot posture in children: single-case experimental designs in clinical practice.

Many young children present to the podiatric physician with the complaint of aching legs. Many of these children are clinically assessed as having a pronated foot posture. This foot posture is thought to be deleterious and is often treated with in-shoe devices such as triplane wedges or orthoses. Intervention aiming to reduce the amount of foot pronation in both stance and gait has been reported by parents and children to reduce, and in many cases eliminate, the episodes of aching legs. To test this theory and establish a degree of causality, a single-case experimental design was used in conjunction with age-appropriate pain scores for the children and independent parental ratings. Single-case experimental design is a useful research tool for the clinical practice setting that can identify cause-effect relationships and obviates large sample sizes. Eight complete single-case experimental designs were performed in the clinical setting. The in-shoe intervention proved efficacious for children with a pronated foot posture and aching legs. These findings may provide the impetus for a more rigorous examination of the possible relationship between pronation and "growing pains. "
Tissue Polypeptide Antigen and Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen in Primary Breast Cancer. Evaluation in Serum and Tutmour Tissue

Tissue polypeptide antigen, measured by both a polyclonal antibody (TPA IRMA Prolifigen) and a monoclonal antibody prototype kit (TPA-M IRMA Prolifigen), and the tissue polypeptide specific antigen were evaluated. The markers were measured in 266 serum samples and in 291 tumour cytosols from patients with primary breast cancer. The three markers were available in matched pairs of both serum and cytosol from the same patient in 144 cases. Diagnostic sensitivity of serum levels of the three markers was not significantly different when using cut-off values calculated on the basis of healthy subjects. In the cytosol, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA IRMA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA-M IRMA) and tissue polypeptide specific antigen were significantly correlated with steroid receptor status, while their serum levels were not. Cytosol and serum levels of the three markers were not significantly associated. All three were significantly correlated both in serum and in cytosol. The association was closer between tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA IRMA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA-M IRMA) than between each of these two markers and tissue polypeptide specific antigen. From these findings we draw the following conclusions: 1. Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPA IRMA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA-M IRMA) probably provide superimposable information both in serum and in cytosol; 2. Tissue polypeptide specific antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA IRMA) or tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA-M IRMA), although closely associated, probably measure in part different cytokeratins. Therefore, they should not be considered interchangeable in individual patients; 3. The determination of the markers in serum and in cytosol provides different information concerning the tumour phenotype.