Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marginalised from mainstream health and social care services : a grounded theory study of the therapy relationship in non-therapy trained workers and vulnerable clients.

This thesis explores the experience of the working relationships for clients and their non-therapist workers who are marginalised from main stream health and social care in the third sector. Addressing psychological and emotional problems is traditionally the domain of trained psychotherapists, psychologists and counsellors - professions that draw upon clinical and practice based evidence. Third sector workers are often less qualified yet still provide psychosocial support to others, particularly the more vulnerable in society. Little research has explored the subjective experience of client and worker using brief therapy approaches in non-clinical third sector settings which support those who do not have access to mainstream health and social care services. This thesis explores the subjective experience of clients and their workers within the charity sector in three studies. Study 1 and 2 used thematic analysis and continued into study 3, using grounded theory methodology. Study 1 (n=8) explored the experiences of young people who were marginalised from mainstream education and mental health services and were accessing a workshop and manualised programme utilising brief therapy tools. Study 2 (n=5) explored the experiences of workers who had used the manualised workbook and programme to help these young people to manage their behaviour, with a view to returning to mainstream education. The findings of study 1 and 2 informed the development of a grounded theory exploration with an adult age population in study 3. This population were being supported by workers in a veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) charity. In addition, study 3 (n=11) also explored workers experiences in a veterans’ homeless charity and two addictions charities. The workers were using a range of brief therapy interventions from a range of approaches: Brief Solution Focussed Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Neurolinguistic Programming. The data from all 3 studies in this thesis were then synthesised to develop a middle range grounded theory. The findings of the thesis suggest that a therapeutic working relationship based on self-maturational models develops between worker and client. Both the workers and their clients have had disrupted attachment histories and see similarities in each other as part of their own healing journey. The relationship is sometimes uncontained with the workers lacking aspects of self-reflective functioning that would normally be supported through training, personal therapy and supervision of the qualified worker. The charity sector is an increasingly important economic contributor to the health and social care system. This thesis recommends a quality commissioning process that enables education and supervision of non-clinically trained workers to help develop and support their reflexive functioning.
IP and Market Size

IP protection involves a trade off between the undesirability of monopoly and the desirable encouragement of creation and innovation. Optimal policy depends on the quantitative strength of these two forces. We give a quantitative assessment of IP policy. We focus particularly on the scale of the market, showing that as it increases, due either to growth, or the expansion of trade through treaties, IP protection should be reduced.
The Contribution of Metacognitive Strategies to EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension Task Types

This study was an attempt to examine the contribution of metacognitive strategies to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' listening comprehension performance and their metacognitive awareness. Fifty seven out of sixty eight EFL students were selected to participate in this study after their performance on Oxford Placement Test. The participants were then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. After signing a consent form, both groups sat for the Preliminary English Test as their pretest. After filling in the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ), the students in the experimental group received five sessions of listening practice and strategy training using The Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) Model (1999). The students in the control group, however, did not receive any instruction about strategies. After the strategy training the learners in both groups took another version of the PET as their posttest, and the experimental group filled in the MALQ again. Two types of tasks, namely, selection and completion were used to measure the participants’ listening comprehension after the treatment. Several paired samples t-tests and an ANCOVA were conducted. The results indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the listening tasks. The experimental group's metacognitive awareness improved dramatically after the strategy training. Meanwhile, the students performed significantly better in the selection tasks than in the completion tasks. Teachers are advised to allocate part of their teaching time to strategy training. Material developers should also take into consideration using task types because the performance of students may vary in different task types.
Investment, Idiosyncratic Risk, and Ownership

High-powered incentives may induce higher managerial effort, but they also expose managers to idiosyncratic risk. If managers are risk averse, they might underinvest when firm-specific uncertainty increases, leading to suboptimal investment decisions from the perspective of well-diversified shareholders. We empirically document that when idiosyncratic risk rises, firm investment falls, and more so when managers own a larger fraction of the firm. This negative effect of managerial risk aversion on investment is mitigated if executives are compensated with options rather than with shares or if institutional investors form a large part of the shareholder base.
Scholarship, Teaching, Service, and Supervision in Counselor Education: Faculty Members' Ratings of Importance

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Distributed bearing-only formation control with four agents and a weak control law

A distributed control law for quadrilateral (four-agent) formation control with bearing-only measurements and relative pair-wise inter-agent angle constraints is introduced. The control law is weak in the sense that each agent is free to choose their own heading within a relatively large region of values. Indeed, the agents can determine their heading independently at run-time given any criteria they desire as long as certain relaxed conditions are met. A strong convergence result is established with ensures the desired formation configuration is globally asymptotically stable. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the claims.
A Theory of Interdisciplinary Studies

Interdisciplinarity is necessitated by complexity, specifically by the structure and be- havior of complex systems. The nature of complex systems provides a rationale for interdisci- plinary study. An examination of complex systems yields new insights into the practice of inter- disciplinary study and confirms widely accepted principles for the conduct of interdisciplinary inquiry. Complex systems also unify the apparently divergent approaches to the interdiscipli- nary study of the humanities and sciences. Most importantly, the distinguishing but elusive characteristic of interdisciplinary studies—synthesis or integration—is at last explained in terms of the unique self-organizing pattern of a complex system.
Post Summarization of Microblogs of Sporting Events

Every day 645 million Twitter users generate approximately 58 million tweets. This motivates the question if it is possible to generate a summary of events from this rich set of tweets only. Key challenges in post summarization from microblog posts include circumnavigating spam and conversational posts. In this study, we present a novel technique called lexi-temporal clustering (LTC), which identifies key events. LTC uses k-means clustering and we explore the use of various distance measures for clustering using Euclidean, cosine similarity and Manhattan distance. We collected three original data sets consisting of Twitter microblog posts covering sporting events, consisting of a cricket and two football matches. The match summaries generated by LTC were compared against standard summaries taken from sports sections of various news outlets, which yielded up to 81% precision, 58% recall and 62% F-measure on different data sets. In addition, we also report results of all three variants of the recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation (ROUGE) software, a tool which compares and scores automatically generated summaries against standard summaries.
SYMPLECTIC AND ORTHOGONAL LIE ALGEBRA TECHNOLOGY FOR BOSONIC AND FERMIONIC OSCILLATOR MODELS OF INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS

To provide tools, especially L-operators, for use in studies of rational Yang–Baxter algebras and quantum integrable models when the Lie algebras so(N)(bn, dn) or sp(2n)(cn) are the invariance algebras of their R matrices, this paper develops a presentation of these Lie algebras convenient for the context, and derives many properties of the matrices of their defining representations and of the ad-invariant tensors that enter their multiplication laws. Metaplectic-type representations of sp(2n) and so(N) on bosonic and on fermionic Fock spaces respectively are constructed. Concise general expressions (see (5.2) and (5.5) below) for their L-operators are obtained, and used to derive simple formulas for the T operators of the rational RTT algebra of the associated integral systems, thereby enabling their efficient treatment by means of the algebraic Bethe ansatz.
Strategy, Choice of Performance Measures, and Performance

We examine the relationship between quality‐based manufacturing strategy and the use of different types of performance measures, as well as their separate and joint effects on performance. A key part of our investigation is the distinction between financial and both objective and subjective nonfinancial measures. Our results support the view that performance measurement diversity benefits performance as we find that, regardless of strategy, firms with more extensive performance measurement systems—especially those that include objective and subjective nonfinancial measures—have higher performance. But our findings also partly support the view that the strategy‐measurement “fit” affects performance. We find that firms that emphasize quality in manufacturing use more of both objective and subjective nonfinancial measures. However, there is only a positive effect on performance from pairing a qualitybased manufacturing strategy with extensive use of subjective measures, but not with objective nonfinancial me.
GINI DP 28: The impact of indirect taxes and imputed rent on inequality: A comparison with cash transfers and direct taxes in five EU countries

This paper examines the redistributive impact of imputed rent (private and public) and indirect taxes (value added tax and excises), comparing this with the effects of cash transfers and direct taxes in five EU countries. The extended income concept, taking into account both imputed rent and indirect taxes, provides a more reliable picture of inequality differences across countries. Our results show that indirect taxes have a regressive effect with respect to income in all countries considered but always smaller in magnitude than other tax-benefit instruments. Imputed rent reduces overall inequality in particular where the prevalence of individuals living in own accommodation is high even among the poorest (Greece) and where the contribution of the public imputed rent is large (the UK).
Ramanujan-type results for Siegel cusp forms of degree 2

A result of Chai-Faltings on Satake parameters of Siegel cusp forms together with the classification of unitary, unramified, irreducible, admissible representations of GSp4 over a p-adic field, imply that the local components of the automorphic representation of GSp4 attached to a cuspidal Siegel eigenform of degree 2 must lie in certain families. Appli- cations include estimates on Hecke eigenvalues, an improved domain of convergence of the standard L-function, and a new characterization of the Maas space.
Chemerin reveals its chimeric nature

Chemerin is a proinflammatory plasma protein that binds to the GPCR ChemR23/CMKLR1 on macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and promotes chemotaxis. An orphan GPCR, CCRL2, has now been identified as an additional receptor for chemerin, providing a unique mechanism by which chemerin enhances inflammation. Furthermore, because recent data shows that chemerin-derived peptides possess antiinflammatory properties, chemerin may be involved in both the initiation and resolution of inflammation.
Structural and compositional controls on transpiration in 40- and 450-year-old riparian forests in western Oregon, USA.

Large areas of forests in the Pacific Northwest are being transformed to younger forests, yet little is known about the impact this may have on hydrological cycles. Previous work suggests that old trees use less water per unit leaf area or sapwood area than young mature trees of the same species in similar environments. Do old forests, therefore, use less water than young mature forests in similar environments, or are there other structural or compositional components in the forests that compensate for tree-level differences? We investigated the impacts of tree age, species composition and sapwood basal area on stand-level transpiration in adjacent watersheds at the H.J. Andrews Forest in the western Cascades of Oregon, one containing a young, mature (about 40 years since disturbance) conifer forest and the other an old growth (about 450 years since disturbance) forest. Sap flow measurements were used to evaluate the degree to which differences in age and species composition affect water use. Stand sapwood basal area was evaluated based on a vegetation survey for species, basal area and sapwood basal area in the riparian area of two watersheds. A simple scaling exercise derived from estimated differences in water use as a result of differences in age, species composition and stand sapwood area was used to estimate transpiration from late June through October within the entire riparian area of these watersheds. Transpiration was higher in the young stand because of greater sap flux density (sap flow per unit sapwood area) by age class and species, and greater total stand sapwood area. During the measurement period, mean daily sap flux density was 2.30 times higher in young compared with old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Sap flux density was 1.41 times higher in young red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) compared with young P. menziesii trees, and was 1.45 times higher in old P. menziesii compared with old western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. ) trees. Overall, sapwood basal area was 21% higher in the young stand than in the old stand. In the old forest, T. heterophylla is an important co-dominant, accounting for 58% of total sapwood basal area, whereas P. menziesii is the only dominant conifer in the young stand. Angiosperms accounted for 36% of total sapwood basal area in the young stand, but only 7% in the old stand. For all factors combined, we estimated 3.27 times more water use by vegetation in the riparian area of the young stand over the measurement period. Tree age had the greatest effect on stand differences in water use, followed by differences in sapwood basal area, and finally species composition. The large differences in transpiration provide further evidence that forest management alters site water balance via elevated transpiration in vigorous young stands.
A Homoclinic Orbit in a Planar Singular ODE - A Computer Assisted Proof

We consider a family of 2-dimensional ODEs of the form $\Delta_\xi(z)z' = f_\xi(z)$ depending on a real parameter $\xi$ which was investigated by Vladimirov [Rep. Math. Phys., 61 (2008), pp. 381--400]. In this system, there exist stationary points $p_\xi$ which belong to the set of zeros of $\Delta_\xi$. We prove, using rigorous numerics, the existence of a homoclinic orbit to $p_\xi$ for some parameter value $\xi = \xi_h$. Due to the singularity of the system it takes a finite time to travel along this orbit, and this property gives rise to a compacton-like traveling wave in some hydrodynamic system describing relaxing media. Our approach could be used to prove similar results in other singular systems as well.
Investor Psychology and Tests of Factor Pricing Models

We provide a model with overconfident risk neutral investors, and therefore no risk premia, in which a price-based portfolio such as HML earns positive expected returns and loads on fundamental macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, loadings on such portfolios are proxies for mispricing and therefore forecast cross-sectional returns, even after controlling for characteristics such as book-to-market. Thus, an empirical finding that covariances incrementally predict returns does not distinguish rational factor pricing from a setting with no risk premia. The analysis reconciles the high risk (market betas) of low book-to-market firms with their low expected returns, and offers new empirical implications to distinguish alternative theories.
Tree Approximation for hp-Adaptivity

The hp-adaptive approximation is formulated as an approximation problem on a full binary tree $T$, where for each of the leaves $\Delta$ an order $p(\Delta)\ge1$ is assigned in such a way that the sum of all orders $p(\Delta)$ does not exceed $N$, which is called the complexity of the approximation. The leaves $\Delta$ correspond to the cells of the partition, while $p(\Delta)$ is the dimension of the polynomial space used for the local approximation on $\Delta$. Devising an incremental algorithm for near-best adaptive approximation for the problem of finding the best possible tree $T$ and assignments $p(\Delta)$ leads to building a construction that attaches a ghost tree with $p(\Delta)$ leaves to each leaf $\Delta$ of $T$ with $p(\Delta)>1$. The resulting full binary tree $\mathcal{T}$ has at most $N$ leaves and can be used as a proxy of $T$ for assembling hp-adaptive procedures. Under the standard assumptions about the local errors, we prove that the error of our approximation of complexity $N$ is boun.
Psychological Evaluation on Interactions between People and Robot

For realizing robots working in human society, interaction between people and robots is one of the important issues. We have developed a robot that behaves based on visual information and interacts with people. The robot controls its gazing direction for representing the internal states. By using the robot, we have evaluated impressions given by the robot based on psychological methods. SD method and factor analysis have been applied to evaluate the impressions. As a result of the experiments, impressions of the robot principally consisted of 4 factors: familiality, enjoyment, activity, and performance evaluation, and these have been effected by computer skills of subjects. In addition, we have verified that gazing direction control promotes interactions between people and the robot.
The Tree Width of Automata with Auxiliary Storage

We propose a generalization of results on the decidability o f emptiness for several restricted classes of sequential and distributed automata with auxiliary stor age (stacks, queues) that have recently been proved. Our generalization relies on reducing emptiness of these automata to finite-state graph automata(without storage) defined on monadic second-order (MSO) defi nable graphs of bounded treewidth, where the graph structure encodes the mechanism prov ided by the auxiliary storage. Our results outline a uniform mechanism to derive emptiness algorithms for automata, explaining and simplifying several existing results, as well as proving new decidabili ty theorems.
Association of the serotonin transporter gene with smoking behavior.

OBJECTIVE In an ongoing molecular genetic study of temperament, participants were genotyped to examine the association of smoking with two polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (SERT): the promoter region, 5-HTTLPR, and an intronic variable-number-of-tandem-repeats region (VNTR). METHOD Full information was available for 330 families, and 244 "ever smokers" were identified (54 past smokers, 190 current smokers). The average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 13.12, and the mean Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire score was 4.79. Associations of genotype, Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire scores, and smoking phenotype were tested by using a robust family design with a variance-components framework and by case-control analysis. RESULTS There was a significant excess of the 5-HTTLPR long allele with the 12-repeat VNTR in current smokers, past smokers, and ever smokers, compared to participants who had never smoked. The results from the population design were confirmed in the family-based analysis. No association was observed between two quantitative measures of smoking and the polymorphisms. A weak association was observed between novelty seeking and the VNTR polymorphism and between reward and 5-HTTLPR. Smokers, regardless of gender, scored significantly higher on novelty seeking and did not differ on harm avoidance or reward. CONCLUSIONS There was a highly significant association between SERT and the categorical definition of smoking, irrespective of dependence level, suggesting that this gene influences the initiation of smoking. Mediation analysis failed to substantiate the hypothesis that novelty seeking partially mediates the effect of SERT on smoking. SERT appears to independently contribute to novelty seeking and smoking.
Production and organization of neocortical interneurons

Inhibitory GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons are a vital component of the neocortex responsible for shaping its output through a variety of inhibitions. Consisting of many flavors, interneuron subtypes are predominantly defined by their morphological, physiological, and neurochemical properties that help to determine their functional role within the neocortex. During development, these cells are born in the subpallium where they then tangentially migrate over long distances before being radially positioned to their final location in the cortical laminae. As development progresses into adolescence, these cells mature and form chemical and electrical connections with both glutamatergic excitatory neurons and other interneurons ultimately establishing the cortical network. The production, migration, and organization of these cells are determined by vast array of extrinsic and intrinsic factors that work in concert in order to assemble a proper functioning cortical inhibitory network. Failure of these cells to undergo these processes results in abnormal positioning and cortical function. In humans, this can bring about several neurological disorders including schizophrenia, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. In this article, we will review previous literature that has revealed the framework for interneuron neurogenesis and migratory behavior as well as discuss recent findings that aim to elucidate the spatial and functional organization of interneurons within the neocortex.