Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient-controlled hospital admission for patients with severe mental disorders: study protocol for a nationwide prospective multicentre study

Introduction Patient-controlled hospital admission for individuals with severe mental disorders is a novel approach in mental healthcare. Patients can admit themselves to a hospital unit for a short stay without being assessed by a psychiatrist or contacting the emergency department. Previous studies assessing the outcomes of patient-controlled hospital admission found trends towards reduction in the use of coercive measures and length of hospital stay; however, these studies have methodological shortcomings and small sample sizes. Larger studies are needed to estimate the effect of patient-controlled hospital admission on the use of coercion and of healthcare services. Design and methods We aim to recruit at least 315 patients who are offered a contract for patient-controlled hospital admissions in eight different hospitals in Denmark. Patients will be followed-up for at least 1 year to compare the use of coercive measures and of healthcare services, the use of medications and suicidal behaviour. Descriptive statistics will be used to investigate hospitalisations, global assessment of functioning (GAF) and patient satisfaction with treatment. To minimise selection bias, we will match individuals using patient-controlled hospital admission and controls with a 1:5 ratio via a propensity score based on the following factors: sex, age group, primary diagnosis, substance abuse as secondary diagnosis, coercion, number of psychiatric bed days, psychiatric history, urbanity and suicidal behaviour. Additionally, a historical control study will be undertaken in which patients serve as their own control group prior to index date. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by The Danish Health and Medicines Authority (j.nr.: 3-3013-934/1/) and by The Danish Data Protection Agency (j.nr.: 2012-58-0004). The study was categorised as a register study by The Danish Health Research Ethics Committee and therefore no further approval was needed (j.nr.: H-2-2014-FSP70). Findings will be disseminated through scientific publications, presentations and in a PhD thesis.
Immunohistochemical study of estrogen receptors in primary breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases including comparison of two monoclonal antibodies

Estrogen receptors (ER) status was investigated in 101 primary breast carcinomas and their axillary lymph node metastases to determine if the malignant cells retained or changed this phenotypic feature during the metastatic process. Immunohistochemistry with the ER‐ICA kit (Abbott Laboratory) on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue was used (paraffin ER‐ICA). The ER status in primary and secondary tumours was concordant in 80 patients (79%) and discordant in 21 (21%). Eighteen of these twenty‐one patients had ER‐positive primary tumours and ER‐negative lymph node metastases. This discordance, which may be due to loss of ERs in the metastatic cells or tumour heterogeneity, could explain the well‐known failure of endocrine treatment in some of the patients with ER‐positive primary tumours. A new monoclonal antibody ID5 (DAKO) against ERs was applied on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue from 83 of these 101 primary carcinomas. These analyses and paraffin ER‐ICA analyses were compared to prior analyses of the same 83 tumours using the ER‐ICA kit on fresh frozen tissue (“gold standard”, frozen ER‐ICA). Kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity were 0.74, 0.96 and 0.75 for ID5 antibody, and 0.59, 0.72 and 0.96 for ER‐ICA antibody on paraffin sections.
Volumetric Breast Density Assessment: Reproducibility in Serial Examinations and Comparison with Visual Assessment

Abstract Background and Purpose: Mammographic breast density is the strongest known marker of breast cancer risk. Visual breast density assessment is subject to significant intra- and inter-rater variability. The aim of the present study was to test the reproducibility of automatic breast density assessment and to compare the results to the visual assessment. Patients and Methods: Serial mammograms of 141 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Breast density was assessed both visually using a BI-RADS four-category breast density scale and with a software tool for volumetric breast density measurement. Results: The intra- and inter-rater reproducibility as well as inter-examination reproducibility were assessed for both techniques by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The inter-examination reproducibility of the volumetric measurement of breast percent density was 0.91 (ICC; 95 % CI 0.87 – 0.93). There was no difference in the strength of the correlation between patients with a large vs. small difference in compression force. The intra- and inter-rater reproducibility ranged from 0.81 – 0.84 and 0.71 – 0.77, respectively. The inter-examination reproducibility of visual assessment was 0.75 – 0.81. The agreement of visual assessment with volumetric measurement was similar to the agreement among readers. Conclusion: Our results indicate that volumetric breast density measurement provides higher reproducibility in serial examinations than visual assessment and may thus be preferable in the longitudinal assessment of breast density and in the measurement of breast density for risk stratification. Citation Format: Singh JM, Fallenberg EM, Diekmann F et al. Volumetric Breast Density Assessment: Reproducibility in Serial Examinations and Comparison with Visual Assessment. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2013; 185: 844 – 848
Large wood debris recruitment on differing riparian landforms along a Gulf Coastal Plain (USA) stream: a comparison of large floods and average flows

In southeastern Coastal Plain streams, wood debris can be very abundant and is recruited from extensive forested floodplains. Despite importance of wood debris, there have been few opportunities to examine recruitment and redistribution of wood in an undisturbed setting, particularly in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Following extensive flooding in 1994, measurements of individual downed trees (species, dbh, orientation, distance from base‐flow channel and condition) were made across replicated riparian landforms in a Gulf Coastal Plain 5th‐order stream. Annually, the fate of these trees was determined and newly recruited trees were noted. More than 300 downed trees have been recorded. Recruitment varied across landforms with more constrained reaches having greatest mortality. Total tree mortality varied substantially across years. Generally, tree recruitment was greatest in years with substantial floods (1994 and 1998). For each riparian landform type, tree mortality was correlated with the maximum daily flow during the period preceding annual debris surveys. This relationship was particularly strong for sand ridges (r2 = 0.942) and low terraces (r2 = 0.915), but was significant for floodplains (r2 = 0.413). Greatest rates of debris recruitment per maximum daily flow were observed for sand ridges followed by low terraces. Flood characteristics also influenced debris recruitment. The 1994 flood was caused by a tropical storm and resulted in a rapid rise in streamflow. Much of the debris recruited during this flood was from toppled trees and was oriented parallel to the stream channel. In contrast, the 1998 flood was preceded by a wetter than average winter with more gradually rising flows and there was no relationship between riparian landform and debris characteristics. These results indicate that wood recruitment dynamics in Coastal Plain streams are complex. Wood recruitment rates are controlled by cyclical variations in climate interacting with riparian geomorphology. Infrequent high flows appear critical in the maintenance of the instream debris pool. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies and Influencing Factors for Big Data Exploration

Many enterprises feel the need to explore the possibilities big data may provide for their business. However, they hesitate to apply big data, as they are unsure how to successfully identify new opportunities. We analyze in a multiple case study how companies start to investigate big data applications. Based on these case studies, we find two generic strategies companies tend to follow. These strategies focus either on the search for potential business opportunities or on the need to develop technology infrastructure. In order to understand the strategy selection, we utilize the TechnologyOrganization-Environment (TOE) framework. Our findings are twofold. First, we identify factors that influence the choice of strategy. Second, we identify the factors that influence the initiation phase of big data adoption within a chosen strategy.
MATCH: A Music Alignment Tool Chest

We present MATCH, a toolkit for aligning audio recordings of different renditions of the same piece of music, based on an efficient implementation of a dynamic time warping algorithm. A forward path estimation algorithm constrains the alignment path so that dynamic time warping can be performed with time and space costs that are linear in the size of the audio files. Frames of audio are represented by a positive spectral difference vector, which emphasises note onsets in the alignment process. In tests with Classical and Romantic piano music, the average alignment error was 41ms (median 20ms), with only 2 out of 683 test cases failing to align. The software is useful for content-based indexing of audio files and for the study of performance interpretation; it can also be used in real-time for tracking live performances. The toolkit also provides functions for displaying the cost matrix, the forward and backward paths, and any metadata associated with the recordings, which can be shown in real time as the alignment is computed.
Enhanced quantum reflection of matter-wave solitons

Matter-wave bright solitons are predicted to reflect from a purely attractive potential well although they are macroscopic objects with classical particle-like properties. The non-classical reflection occurs at small velocities and a pronounced switching to almost perfect transmission above a critical velocity is found, caused by nonlinear mean-field interactions. Full numerical results from the nonlinear Schrodinger equation are complimented by a two-mode variational calculation to explain the predicted effect, which can be used for velocity filtering of solitons. The experimental realization with laser-induced potentials or two-component Bose-Einstein condensates is suggested.
LAMP for Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Comparative Study of Detection Formats

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is at the forefront of the search for innovative diagnostics for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Several simple endpoint detection methods have been developed for LAMP and here we compare four of these: (i) visualization of turbidity; (ii) addition of hydroxynaphthol blue before incubation; (iii) addition of calcein with MnCl2 before incubation and (iv) addition of Quant-iT PicoGreen after incubation. These four methods were applied to four LAMP assays for the detection of human African trypanosomiasis, including two Trypanozoon specific and two Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense specific reactions using DNA extracted from cryo-preserved procyclic form T. b. rhodesiense. A multi-observer study was performed to assess inter-observer reliability of two of these methods: hydroxynapthol blue and calcein with MnCl2, using DNA prepared from blood samples stored on Whatman FTA cards. Results showed that hydroxynaphthol blue was the best of the compared methods for easy, inexpensive, accurate and reliable interpretation of LAMP assays for HAT. Hydroxynapthol blue generates a violet to sky blue colour change that was easy to see and was consistently interpreted by independent observers. Visible turbidity detection is not possible for all currently available HAT LAMP reactions; Quant-iT PicoGreen is expensive and addition of calcein with MnCl2 adversely affects reaction sensitivity and was unpopular with several observers.
Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Neonatal septicaemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of the bacteriological profile of the aetiologic agents is very important and helps to reduce the associated mortality in neonatal septicaemia. OBJECTIVE To determine the bacteriological profile of common aetiologic agents of neonatal septicaemia and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern. METHOD This study was a retrospective review of all the 390 neonatal blood cultures carried out in the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology of the National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria over three years (Jan 2002-Dec 2004). RESULT The 390 neonatal samples constituted 25% of all blood samples received in the laboratory during the period under review. Twenty-two percent were positive for bacterial growth, yielding gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and gram- positive cocci (GPC) in almost equal proportion, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (86% of GNB) and Staphylococcus aureus (81% of GPC). Although the Klebsiella pneumoniae were multiply-resistant and showed resistance pattern suggestive of Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ELBS) production they were 100% sensitive to imipenem. The sensitivity of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin were 89%, 85%, 75%, 71% and 64% respectively. CONCLUSION A sustainable antibiotic susceptibility surveillance programme coupled with good infection control practices and rational antibiotics use will reduce infection rate, ensure better therapeutic success and prolong the efficacy of available antimicrobials.
Temperature Dependence of Single Molecule Rotation of the Escherichia coli ATP Synthase F1 Sector Reveals the Importance of γ-β Subunit Interactions in the Catalytic Dwell*

The temperature-dependent rotation of F1-ATPase γ subunit was observed in Vmax conditions at low viscous drag using a 60-nm gold bead (Nakanishi-Matsui, M., Kashiwagi, S., Hosokawa, H., Cipriano, D. J., Dunn, S. D., Wada, Y., and Futai, M. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 4126–4131). The Arrhenius slopes of the speed of the individual 120° steps and reciprocal of the pause length between rotation steps were very similar, indicating a flat energy pathway followed by the rotationally coupled catalytic cycle. In contrast, the Arrhenius slope of the reciprocal pause length of the γM23K mutant F1 was significantly increased, whereas that of the rotation rate was similar to wild type. The effects of the rotor γM23K substitution and the counteracting effects of βE381D mutation in the interacting stator subunits demonstrate that the rotor-stator interactions play critical roles in the utilization of stored elastic energy. The γM23K enzyme must overcome an abrupt activation energy barrier, forcing it onto a less favored pathway that results in uncoupling catalysis from rotation.
Voltage- and [ATP]-dependent Gating of the P2X2 ATP Receptor Channel

P2X receptors are ligand-gated cation channels activated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nonetheless, P2X2 channel currents observed during the steady-state after ATP application are known to exhibit voltage dependence; there is a gradual increase in the inward current upon hyperpolarization. We used a Xenopus oocyte expression system and two-electrode voltage clamp to analyze this “activation” phase quantitatively. We characterized the conductance–voltage relationship in the presence of various [ATP], and observed that it shifted toward more depolarized potentials with increases in [ATP]. By analyzing the rate constants for the channel's transition between a closed and an open state, we showed that the gating of P2X2 is determined in a complex way that involves both membrane voltage and ATP binding. The activation phase was similarly recorded in HEK293 cells expressing P2X2 even by inside-out patch clamp after intensive perfusion, excluding a possibility that the gating is due to block/unblock by endogenous blocker(s) of oocytes. We investigated its structural basis by substituting a glycine residue (G344) in the second transmembrane (TM) helix, which may provide a kink that could mediate “gating. ” We found that, instead of a gradual increase, the inward current through the G344A mutant increased instantaneously upon hyperpolarization, whereas a G344P mutant retained an activation phase that was slower than the wild type (WT). Using glycine-scanning mutagenesis in the background of G344A, we could recover the activation phase by introducing a glycine residue into the middle of second TM. These results demonstrate that the flexibility of G344 contributes to the voltage-dependent gating. Finally, we assumed a three-state model consisting of a fast ATP-binding step and a following gating step and estimated the rate constants for the latter in P2X2-WT. We then executed simulation analyses using the calculated rate constants and successfully reproduced the results observed experimentally, voltage-dependent activation that is accelerated by increases in [ATP].
Biosynthesis of Pb44, the protective antigen of sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei

In a previous paper (2) we identified a protective antigen (Pb44) of the surface membrane of sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei by means of a monoclonal antibody. Immunoprecipitation of extracts of mature salivary gland sporozoites, metabolically labeled with L[35S]methionine using the same monoclonal antibody, revealed three specific polypeptides: *Pb44, *Pb52, and *Pb54. Metabolically labeled *Pb44 is probably identical to the protective antigen previously identified by surface labeling. Both proteins have the same molecular weights and isoelectric points under denaturing conditions, and they share an epitope. Moreover, *Pb44 also seems to be located on the cell membrane. The results of pulse-chase experiments strongly suggest that *Pb52 is the precursor of *Pb44. The relationship between *Pb54 and the protective antigen is unknown. The three polypeptides seem to be strictly associated with only one of the developmental stage of the parasite. They were not detected in blood forms and were found in minute amounts in sporozoites from the midgut of mosquitoes. In contrast, in mature salivary gland sporozoites they constitute main products of protein synthesis.
Einstellung Defused: Interactivity and Mental Set

Mental set is observed when a familiar problem-solving strategy is applied to new problems that can be solved in simpler, more efficient ways. It is most famously illustrated in the water jar problems (Luchins, 1942). In these volume measurement problems, participants learn a rule to obtain an exact volume of liquid involving a complex combination of liquid transfer. Participants persevere in using this rule for new problems that can be solved with a much simpler rule. In two experiments presented here, participants completed the water jar task either in interactive conditions with actual water jars at a sink or in noninteractive conditions, with the problems presented on paper, as in the original Luchins procedure. Interactivity significantly reduced the degree of perseverance. In addition, participants' visuospatial skills significantly predicted the rate of perseverance (and the latencies to solution) in interactive but not in noninteractive conditions. These results underscore the importance of designing problem-solving experiments that engineer distributed cognitive systems in which participants coordinate internal and external resources in thinking.
Analysis and performance evaluation of RPL under mobility

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have become popular in the last years. Paths between sensors are computed by routing protocols, which are specifically designed to cope with the characteristics of WSN. Lately, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has been accepted as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard for routing packets in WSN. However, this protocol does not pay particular attention to mobile nodes. Furthermore, mobility has been contemplated as a way to improve sensing coverage and connectivity in unattended WSN. In addition, WSN will account for an increasingly huge number of connections, from 1.9 billion devices today to 9 billion by 2018 among which most of them would be mobile (e.g. wearable devices). Using RPL to support the mobility of nodes is the main problem investigated in this article. We propose a new version of the trickle algorithm which allows mobile nodes to move seamlessly into a routing topology build by RPL together with limiting the signalling overhead. Our proposal is compared to two other schemes available in the literature. Results highlight that our proposal significantly reduces disconnection times and increases the packet delivery ratio while mitigating the extra control traffic.
The Establishment and Maintenance of Socially Imposed Monogamy in Western Europe

Although stratified societies have typically been characterized by intensive polygyny, socially imposed monogamy has developed in the stratified societies of Western Europe. Following a critical review of other theories of socially imposed monogamy, a multivariate, nondeterministic theory is developed. Within this theory, a variety of internal political processes can result in socially imposed monogamy, but this phenomenon—while consistent with evolutionary theory—is underdetermined with respect to (1) evolutionary theory, (2) human nature/nurture (i.e., the characteristics of humans), and (3) external ecological variables. Data on the origins and maintenance of socially imposed monogamy in Western Europe are reviewed, indicating that post-antiquity socially imposed monogamy originated in the late Middle Ages and has been maintained since that period by a variety of social controls and ideologies, including political activities of the Christian Church and, in later periods, of women and lower- and middle-status males. As a result of institutionalized controls on reproduction, non-monogamous Western sexuality has been directed at obtaining psychological rewards deriving from evolved motivational systems (e.g., sexual pleasure, excitement, feelings of dominance, status, or intimacy), but this non-monogamous sexuality has not typically been a major source of increased reproductive success.