Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dinitrogenase-Driven Photobiological Hydrogen Production Combats Oxidative Stress in Cyanothece sp. Strain ATCC 51142

ABSTRACT Photobiologically synthesized hydrogen (H2) gas is carbon neutral to produce and clean to combust, making it an ideal biofuel. Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142 is a cyanobacterium capable of performing simultaneous oxygenic photosynthesis and H2 production, a highly perplexing phenomenon because H2 evolving enzymes are O2 sensitive. We employed a system-level in vivo chemoproteomic profiling approach to explore the cellular dynamics of protein thiol redox and how thiol redox mediates the function of the dinitrogenase NifHDK, an enzyme complex capable of aerobic hydrogenase activity. We found that NifHDK responds to intracellular redox conditions and may act as an emergency electron valve to prevent harmful reactive oxygen species formation in concert with other cell strategies for maintaining redox homeostasis. These results provide new insight into cellular redox dynamics useful for advancing photolytic bioenergy technology and reveal a new understanding for the biological function of NifHDK. IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate that high levels of hydrogen synthesis can be induced as a protection mechanism against oxidative stress via the dinitrogenase enzyme complex in Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. This is a previously unknown feature of cyanobacterial dinitrogenase, and we anticipate that it may represent a strategy to exploit cyanobacteria for efficient and scalable hydrogen production. We utilized a chemoproteomic approach to capture the in situ dynamics of reductant partitioning within the cell, revealing proteins and reactive thiols that may be involved in redox sensing and signaling. Additionally, this method is widely applicable across biological systems to achieve a greater understanding of how cells navigate their environment and how redox chemistry can be utilized to alter metabolism and achieve homeostasis.
Factor Structure of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To develop a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (A. Rey, 1958) and similar list-learning tasks across the adult life span for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Study Design: Factor analysis with comparisons of sample-based and normbased factor scores across age groups. Participants: 221 individuals with SCI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Results: The retained model consisted of 3 correlated factors: General Verbal Learning, Auditory Attention, and Inaccurate Recall. Cross-sectional age trends suggest decreased auditory attention and verbal learning with increasing age. The inverse pattern was observed for inaccurate recall. Conclusions: These factors are consistent with other models using similar methodology. The results offer a means of identifying barriers to meeting the educational and therapeutic goals of post-SCI
Phytochemical profile of sugarcane and its potential health aspects

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is an important perennial grass of Poaceae family, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is cultivated worldwide due to the economical and medicinal value of its high yielding products. Sugarcane juice is well known as a raw material for the production of refined sugar and its wax is considered as a potential substitute for the expensive carnauba wax, which is of cosmetic and pharmaceutical interest. Refined sugar is the primary product of sugarcane juice, but during its processing, various other valuable products are also obtained in an unrefined form, such as, brown sugar, molasses, and jaggery. Sugarcane juice is widely used in India in the treatment of jaundice, hemorrhage, dysuria, anuria, and other urinary diseases. Herein, we have summarized the different phytoconstituents and health benefits of sugarcane and its valuable products. The phytochemistry of sugarcane wax (obtained from the leaves and stalks of sugarcane), leaves, juice, and its products has revealed the presence of various fatty acid, alcohol, phytosterols, higher terpenoids, flavonoids, -O- and -C-glycosides, and phenolic acids. The future prospective of some of the sugarcane products has been discussed, which needs a phytopharmacological study and has a great potential to be a valuable medicinal product.
Prauserella shujinwangii sp. nov., from a desert environment.

A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) were identified as being similar to those of members of the genus Prauserella. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. nov. The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)).
Glucocorticoids target suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and type 1 interferons to regulate Toll-like receptor–induced STAT1 activation

Endogenous and pharmacologic glucocorticoids (GCs) limit inflammatory cascades initiated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. A long-standing clinical observation has been the delay between GC administration and the manifestation of GC's anti-inflammatory actions. We hypothesized that the GCs would have inhibitory effects that target late temporal pathways that propagate proinflammatory signals. Here we interrogated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) regulation by GC and its consequences for cytokine production during activation of macrophages with TLR-specific ligands. We found that robust STAT1 activation does not occur until 2–3 h after TLR engagement, and that GC suppression of STAT1 phosphorylation first manifests at this time. GC attenuates TLR4-mediated STAT1 activation only through induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which increases throughout the 6-h period after treatment. Inhibition of TLR3-mediated STAT1 activation occurs via two mechanisms, impairment of type I IFN secretion and induction of SOCS1. Our data show that SOCS1 and type I interferons are critical GC targets for regulating STAT1 activity and may account for overall GC effectiveness in inflammation suppression in the clinically relevant time frame.
Predicting three mood phenomena from factors and facets of the NEO-PI

The relationship between transient mood phenomena and enduring personality characteristics was studied. Eighty-one women completed the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985) and provided daily unidimensional mood ratings for 20 days. Average mood was negatively related to Neuroticism (N) and positively related to Extraversion (E). More fine-grained analyses revealed that Positive Emotions, a facet of E, was a better predictor of average mood than was the overall E factor score. The greater a facet's loading on N or E, the better it predicted average mood. Within-day mood variability (mood fluctuation) was positively related to Openness to Experience (O), particularly to the facet, Fantasy. Across-day variability (mood swing) was positively related to both E and O. No relationship was found between any of the mood variables and Agreeableness (A) or Conscientiousness (C). The 3 mood variables were virtually independent of one another, but each showed moderately high temporal stability across the 4-week period.
Novel millimeter-wave gas sensor using dielectric resonator with sensitive layer on TiO2

A new generation of gas sensors that operates in millimeter-wave frequency range is presented. The sensor uses a dielectric resonator operating with whispering-gallery modes. Here the dielectric resonator is covered by TiO2 thin film as sensitive layer. A gas or humidity adsorption makes the TiO2 dielectric permittivity changing and such changing modifies the resonant frequencies of high-Q whispering-gallery modes within the dielectric resonator. From the measurement of these resonant frequencies the humidity concentration is derived. Here, the proof of concept is demonstrated through full wave electromagnetic simulations. This humidity (gas) sensor can be remotely interrogated and has great potential for wireless sensors network applications.
Unlocking Energy

Locks are a natural place for improving the energy efficiency of software systems. First, concurrent systems are mainstream and when their threads synchronize, they typically do it with locks. Second, locks are well-defined abstractions, hence changing the algorithm implementing them can be achieved without modifying the system. Third, some locking strategies consume more power than others, thus the strategy choice can have a real effect. Last but not least, as we show in this paper, improving the energy efficiency of locks goes hand in hand with improving their throughput. It is a win-win situation. We make our case for this throughput/energy-efficiency correlation through a series of observations obtained from an exhaustive analysis of the energy efficiency of locks on two modern processors and six software systems: Memcached, MySQL, SQLite, RocksDB, HamsterDB, and Kyoto Kabinet. We propose simple lock-based techniques for improving the energy efficiency of these systems by 33% on average, driven by higher throughput, and without modifying the systems.
Interpretational Confounding or Confounded Interpretations of Causal Indicators?

In measurement theory, causal indicators are controversial and little understood. Methodological disagreement concerning causal indicators has centered on the question of whether causal indicators are inherently sensitive to interpretational confounding, which occurs when the empirical meaning of a latent construct departs from the meaning intended by a researcher. This article questions the validity of evidence used to claim that causal indicators are inherently susceptible to interpretational confounding. Further, a simulation study demonstrates that causal indicator coefficients are stable across correctly specified models. Determining the suitability of causal indicators has implications for the way we conceptualize measurement and build and evaluate measurement models.
Moral Disengagement and Building Resilience to Violent Extremism: An Education Intervention

This article reports on the development of an education intervention, the Beyond Bali Education Resource funded by the Australian Governments’ Building Community Resilience Grants of the Federal Attorney General's Department, that applies a conceptual framework grounded in moral disengagement theory. Beyond Bali is a five module program for schools that is specifically designed to build social cognitive resilience to violent extremism by engaging self-sanctions and preparing students to challenge the influence of violent extremism that can lead to moral disengagement. The theory of moral disengagement has been applied to the study of radicalization to violent extremism to explain how individuals can cognitively reconstruct the moral value of violence and carry out inhumane acts. The mechanisms of moral disengagement through which individuals justify violence, dehumanize victims, disregard the harmful consequences of violence and absolve themselves of blame have been used in the construction of violent extremist narratives. However, they have not been applied to the development of intervention strategies that aim to counter the radicalizing influences of violent extremist narratives.
Effects of airborne pollutants on mucociliary clearance.

The mucociliary clearance system is a first line of defense against inhaled agents, and so its compromise can adversely affect health. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of data on the effect of in vivo air pollutant exposures on the clearance of test particles from airways. Data from both animals and humans are compared whenever possible, so that estimates of human health effects may be made. Mechanisms of action are also discussed, presenting the view that for low level exposures, changes in secretions are probably responsible for most observed changes in clearance. The pollutants pertinent to this review are those that are common in the environment and most likely to have impacts on large numbers of people: sulfur oxides, sulfuric acid mist, O3, NO2, particulates, diesel exhaust, and cigarette smoke. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 2. aFIGURE 2. bFIGURE 4.
COMMUNICATION BY AGONISTIC DISPLAYS: WHAT CAN GAMES THEORY CONTRIBUTE TO ETHOLOGY?

i. In this paper I examine the way in which predictions from a model based on games theory can help us understand ethological data about agonistic displays. 2. The War of Attrition is a model which explains how contests might be settled entirely by display. The model can be extended to deal with contests involving attack as well as display, assuming that the cost of attack is greater than the cost of display. It predicts that information about the aggressiveness should not be transferred in the display. 3. This prediction contrasts with the traditional ethological view that aggressive displays evolved to transmit information about the probability of attack or escape. 4. Data from the ethological literature on Parus species, Pheucticus ludovicianus and Stercorarius skua are examined in which both the sender's action after displaying, and the receiver's response, were recorded. 5. Attack could be predicted much less well than escape in all species. In contrast to the displays indicating escape, aggressive displays were not consistent in the probability of attack they signalled at different times, and were sometimes as likely to be followed by escape as by attack. It is concluded that information about attack is poorly encoded in the aggressive displays. 6. In three of four species, the most highly aggressive display had no effect on the behaviour of the receiver. Other displays did modify its behaviour. To find whether information about attack was responsible, the effects of this information must be separated from those of information about escape which is correlated with it in the displays. When this is done, the evidence suggests that information about attack is unimportant in affecting the behaviour of the receiver, while information about escape is important (at least in the Blue Tit and Great Skua). 7. The data support the prediction from the War of Attrition, and suggest that the importance of transferring information about escape should be examined theoretically. 8. The War of Attrition model also predicts the distribution of contest lengths. Contests between female Iguana agreed roughly with the prediction, but contests between female Betta splendens or male Molothrus ater did not. The distributions in these species can be understood if the cost of display is not linearly related to the length of the contest, and a generalized model is described. More work is required on the form of cost-functions. 9. In the discussion, the implications of the results for the methodology of ethological investigations of displays are reviewed, and alternative models from ethology and games theory briefly discussed. 10. Theoretical models are of necessity highly simplified, but may sometimes lead to predictions which throw new light on data. Ethologists should treat models as null hypotheses against which to compare their data, and should use the development of a model as an occasion to re-examine their data and assumptions.
A moral act, elevation, and prosocial behavior: Moderators of morality

Elevation refers to the feeling experienced when a moral act is witnessed. The current study sought to illuminate elevation by examining conditions under which elevation is amplified. Study 1 demonstrated that the character of the recipient of the moral deed moderates the relationship between witnessing a moral deed and experiencing elevation. Study 2 replicated the first and included a behavioral outcome measure: donation behavior. Study 3 considered an additional factor: the immoral act. Finally, to ensure the character of the recipient is not the sole moderator, Study 4 experimentally tested a second moderating variable (i.e. the effort required for completing the moral act). As a whole, these four studies consistently support Haidt’s conceptualization of elevation, open the door for a new path of theoretical exploration, and introduce a new line of applied research seeking to maximize prosocial behavior by exposing people to acts of morality.
Unfair to Me or Unfair to My Spouse: Men's and Women's Perceptions of Domestic Equity and How They Relate to Mental and Physical Health

Research examining the relationship between household labor and health has not sufficiently considered perceptions of domestic equity, physical health, or potential gender differences in these relationships. Using survey data from 1,234 lawyers, we examine how perceptions of domestic equity are related to mental and physical health and whether these relationships differ by gender. The results indicate that perceiving the division of household labor as unfair to oneself is related to poorer mental health, whereas perceiving the division as unfair to one's spouse is related to poorer physical health, regardless of gender. This article demonstrates the importance of treating perceptions of unfairness to oneself and one's spouse as distinct experiences, while also considering the wider context wherein these relationships exist.
Trust, Governance and Performance

This article explores the relationship between trust and control by investigating the direct and indirect effects of different types of trust on company performance. A survey of small and medium size firms in Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina is used to demonstrate how the level of trust entrepreneurs have in institutions and business partners influences the choice of governance mechanisms that coordinate economic activities among actors. The article shows that the institutional environment in Slovenia generates more trust, which enables actors to base their business relationships on trust rather than contract. In addition, when actors rely on trust it is usually institutional trust rather than interpersonal trust. In contrast, Bosnia, with a weaker institutional environment, generates less trust, leading actors to base their economic relationships on contract. However, when trust is used in Bosnia as a basis of business relationships it is likely to be centred on interpersonal trust. These results have important implications for the understanding of the process by which trust affects economic performance. The use of institutional trust as a basis for a governance mechanism may lead to increased economic performance of companies due to the inclusive nature of sociability patterns and tie formation since institutions generalize trust beyond a specific set of exchange partners. The use of interpersonal trust may limit economic potential due to its reliance on strong ties embedded within cohesive groups marked with closure.
Genetic Complexity of Cortical Structure: Differences in Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Cortical Surface Area and Thickness

&NA; Quantifying the genetic architecture of the cerebral cortex is necessary for understanding disease and changes to the brain across the lifespan. Prior work shows that both surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) are heritable. However, we do not yet understand the extent to which region‐specific genetic factors (i.e., independent of global effects) play a dominant role in the regional patterning or inter‐regional associations across the cortex. Using a population sample of young adult twins (N = 923), we show that the heritability of SA and CT varies widely across regions, generally independent of measurement error. When global effects are controlled for, we detected a complex pattern of genetically mediated clusters of inter‐regional associations, which varied between hemispheres. There were generally weak associations between the SA of different regions, except within the occipital lobe, whereas CT was positively correlated within lobar divisions and negatively correlated across lobes, mostly due to genetic covariation. These findings were replicated in an independent sample of twins and siblings (N = 698) from the Human Connectome Project. The different genetic contributions to SA and CT across regions reveal the value of quantifying sources of covariation to appreciate the genetic complexity of cortical structures.
Ultrasonically Actuated Silicon Microprobes for Cardiac Signal Recording

In this paper, we report on ultrasonically actuated silicon thin microprobes that successfully penetrated canine cardiac tissue in vitro, and recorded the electrophysiological signals from multiple sites simultaneously within the heart wall. The penetration force-maximum force encountered by the probe during penetration-is found to reduce with increasing ultrasonic driving voltage, on both excised canine right ventricular muscle and chicken breast muscle. The rate of force decrease varies with tissue type and microprobe dimension. With ultrasonic actuation, the silicon microprobes are inserted into isolated perfused canine heart without breakage or significant buckling, under 10Vpp actuating voltage. Recordings were obtained from isolated perfused canine heart during pacing, following the induction of ventricular tachycardia, and during the transition from ventricular tachycardia to ventricular fibrillation. Local conduction velocity of 0.60plusmn0. 03 m/s was observed from the multichannel recordings from the canine right ventricular wall under epicardial pacing. The application of the ultrasonic microprobes in cardiac electrophysiology study can provide information for reconstruction of electrical wave propagation within the heart, which is important to understanding the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias