Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid High-Field Cosine-Theta Accelerator Magnet R&D With Second-Generation HTS

Next-generation particle accelerators, such as the proposed Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energy upgrade (highenergy LHC), will require very-high-field (> 20 T) superconducting magnets. This paper describes the progress toward this goal made to date as a part of a collaborative work between Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., and Brookhaven National Laboratory. To reduce the cost, high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) are used in a hybrid design with conventional low-temperature superconductors (LTSs) Nb3Sn and NbTi. The focus of this paper is on using a second generation (2G) ReBCO HTS tape in cosine-theta coil geometry. The complex ends of the cosine-theta geometry are particularly challenging for a brittle HTS tape. We report the construction and 77-K test results, one with a 4-mm and another with a 12-mm ReBCO tape, neither showing measurable degradation. This paper also presents the first successful use of Kapton CI on an HTS tape, which offers many advantages. Future plans include the construction and 4-K testing of a full cosine-theta HTS coil (first in a stand-alone mode and then in a hybrid structure with LTS coils) and the modeling and measurements of magnetization. This paper is a part of comprehensive research and development toward eventually building a high-field accelerator-quality dipole magnet.
Operon prediction based on quadratic discriminant analysis in Escherichia coli genome

The operon is a specific functional organization of genes found in bacterial genomes. It plays an important role in constructing the genetic regulation network. Genes within most operons have more common structures and functional characteristics. These common features become the basis of operon prediction. Annotation of operons in a bacterial genome is an important step in determining an organism's transcriptional regulatory program. Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) approach is here used to predict Escherichia coli k12 (E.coli) operons. Three features were chosen as QDA input vectors, 1)intergenic distance, 2)the common gene ontology(GO) annotation numbers of a gene pair, 3) statistical correlation of a gene pair based on sequence. Our study show that i) intergenic distance and the common GO annotation numbers of a gene pair are very important for the operons prediction, ii) the correlation information of a gene pair based on sequence is a good supplement for the operons prediction when GO annotation lose. The prediction using statistical correlation of a gene pair is a new thought. Based on these new insights, for E.coli on our own dataset our operon prediction program obtain the prediction sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, auROC at 91.5%, 85.2%, 88.4%, 0.9317, respectively. On dataset of Taboada etc it is 94.9%, 92.2%, 93.7%, 0.9582, respectively. This result is superior to that based on intergenic distance and STRING-like scores of Taboada and colleagues.
Community Research As Empowerment: Feminist Links, Postmodern Interruptions

1: Empowerment as a Social Research Framework. 2: Building 'Inclusive Communities'. 3: Researching Organizations for Renewal and Change. 4: Multiple Methods for Validity. 5: Power Plays. 6: Creative Analyses. 7: Unity, Distribution, Transformation. Glossary. Reference. Appendices. Index
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes by Mode of Delivery in Senegal and Mali: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Survey

Objective In the context of rapid changes regarding practices related to delivery in Africa, we assessed maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes associated with the mode of delivery in 41 referral hospitals of Mali and Senegal. Study Design Cross-sectional survey nested in a randomised cluster trial (1/10/2007–1/10/2008). The associations between intended mode of delivery and (i) in-hospital maternal mortality, (ii) maternal morbidity (transfusion or hysterectomy), (iii) stillbirth or neonatal death before Day 1 and (iv) neonatal death between 24 hours after birth and hospital discharge were examined. We excluded women with immediate life threatening maternal or fetal complication to avoid indication bias. The analyses were performed using hierarchical logistic mixed models with random intercept and were adjusted for women's, newborn's and hospitals' characteristics. Results Among the 78,166 included women, 2.2% had a pre-labor cesarean section (CS) and 97.8% had a trial of labor. Among women with a trial of labor, 87.5% delivered vaginally and 12.5% had intrapartum CS. Pre-labor CS was associated with a marked reduction in the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death before Day 1 as compared with trial of labor (OR = 0.2 [0.16–0.36]), though we did not show that maternal mortality (OR = 0.3 [0.07–1.32]) and neonatal mortality after Day 1 (OR = 1.3 (0.66–2.72]) differed significantly between groups. Among women with trial of labor, intrapartum CS and operative vaginal delivery were associated with higher risks of maternal mortality and morbidity, and neonatal mortality after Day 1, as compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Conclusions In referral hospitals of Mali and Senegal, pre-labor CS is a safe procedure although intrapartum CS and operative vaginal delivery are associated with increased risks in mothers and infants. Further research is needed to determine what aspects of obstetric care contribute to a delay in the provision of intrapartum interventions so that practices may be made safer when they are needed.
Non-union in 3 of 15 osteotomies of the distal radius without bone graft

Background and purpose — Open-wedge osteotomies of the distal radius create a void that is usually filled with either iliac crest bone graft or bone substitute. Previous studies have suggested that this is unnecessary. We investigated the safety of omitting the filling procedure. Patients and methods — We included 15 patients with a dorsal malunion of a distal radius fracture. A palmar approach and angle-stable plates were used. The patients were followed until there was radiographic and clinical healing. Results — Non-union occurred in 3 of the 15 patients. The study, which had been planned to include 25 patients, was then discontinued. 6 osteotomies created a trapezoid void (no cortical contact); 3 of these did not unite after the index procedure (p = 0.04), but did subsequently, after autogenous bone grafting. A trapezoid void was significantly associated with non-union (p = 0.04). Interpretation — When a trapezoid defect is created, one should consider bone substitute or autogenous bone graft. This has been shown to be safe in other studies.
Parental Divorce, Personal Characteristics and Early Adult Intimate Relationships

Abstract The present paper explores the proposal of McGue and Lykken (1996) and Amato (1996) that personal characteristics in children that are either inherited, or acquired as a result of the disruption caused by the parental divorce, may influence adult relationship satisfaction and stability. The data come from a longitudinal sample of Australian men and women who were adolescents at the time of their parents' divorce, and a comparison sample from intact homes matched for age, sex and socioeco-nomic background. Eighty adolescents (aged 13 to 16) and their parents from 37 divorcing and 41 intact families participated in 1981-82. Eighty-one percent of the adolescents were re-interviewed in 1981 (aged 16-19) and 84 percent in 1991-2 (aged 23-27). In the initial interviews, parents rated personal characteristics of their children and the adolescents rated themselves. In subsequent waves of interviews, the children repeated the self-ratings, along with other measures. At age 23-27, they also rated the quality of their intimate relationships. Analysis of parent and child data for those who were present at all three times (N = 57: 31 from intact and 26 from divorced families) showed that divorcing parents described the children as presenting more problems, and divorced group children as adults were somewhat more wary about committing themselves to relationships. Children in both groups whose parents described them, as 13-16 year olds, as less socialized and more problematic had lower relationship quality as adults. Those who as teenagers described themselves less positively also reported lower relationship quality as adults. Multivariate analysis indicated that parental divorce was not a significant factor over and above the effect of personal characteristics.
Lysophosphatidic acid induces integrin activation in vascular smooth muscle and alters arteriolar myogenic vasoconstriction

In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increased integrin adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We hypothesized that LPA-induced generation of ROS increases integrin adhesion to the ECM. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we determined the effects of LPA on integrin adhesion to fibronectin (FN) in VSMC isolated from rat (Sprague–Dawley) skeletal muscle arterioles. In VSMC, exposure to LPA (2 μM) doubled integrin-FN adhesion compared to control cells (P < 0.05). LPA-induced integrin-FN adhesion was reduced by pre-incubation with antibodies against β1 and β3 integrins (50 μg/ml) by 66% (P < 0.05). Inhibition of LPA signaling via blockade of the LPA G-protein coupled receptors LPAR1 and LPAR3 with 10 μM Ki16425 reduced the LPA-enhanced adhesion of VSCM to FN by 40% (P < 0.05). Suppression of ROS with tempol (250 μM) or apocynin (300 μM) also reduced the LPA-induced FN adhesion by 47% (P < 0.05) and 59% (P < 0.05), respectively. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that blockade of LPA signaling, with Ki16425, reduced ROS by 45% (P < 0.05), to levels similar to control VSMC unexposed to LPA. In intact isolated arterioles, LPA (2 μM) exposure augmented the myogenic constriction response to step increases in intraluminal pressure (between 40 and 100 mm Hg) by 71% (P < 0.05). The blockade of LPA signaling, with Ki16425, decreased the LPA-enhanced myogenic constriction by 58% (P < 0.05). Similarly, blockade of LPA-induced ROS release with tempol or gp91 ds-tat decreased the LPA-enhanced myogenic constriction by 56% (P < 0.05) and 55% (P < 0.05), respectively. These results indicate that, in VSMC, LPA-induced integrin activation involves the G-protein coupled receptors LPAR1 and LPAR3, and the production of ROS, and that LPA may play an important role in the control of myogenic behavior in resistance vessels through ROS modulation of integrin activity.
Instrumental Variable Estimators for Binary Outcomes

Instrumental variables (IVs) can be used to construct estimators of exposure effects on the outcomes of studies affected by nonignorable selection of the exposure. Estimators that fail to adjust for the effects of nonignorable selection will be biased and inconsistent. Such situations commonly arise in observational studies, but are also a problem for randomized experiments affected by nonignorable noncompliance. In this article, we review IV estimators for studies in which the outcome is binary, and consider the links between different approaches developed in the statistics and econometrics literatures. The implicit assumptions made by each method are highlighted and compared within our framework. We illustrate our findings through the reanalysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial, and highlight important directions for future work in this area.
Persuasive Strategies Used in Obama’s Political Speech: A CDA Approach Based on Fairclough’s Framework

This paper examines the persuasive strategies of President Obama's public speech and additionally the incognito belief system of the same, cherished in his inaugural location. Our examination is grounded in Norman Fairclough’s presumptions in critical discourse analysis (CDA), guaranteeing that "belief systems dwell in messages" that "it is impractical to 'peruse off' belief systems from writings" and that "messages are interested in assorted understandings" (Fairclough, 1995). The chosen corpus' ideological and enticing segments are evaluated, subsequently uncovering Obama's influential methods. The results are presented at the end of the study.
Talking Green : Organizational Environmental Communication as a Legitimacy-Enhancement Strategy

In this paper, I adopt an institutional perspective to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of organizational environmental communication, using data on 90 American firms from 2001 to 2004. Specifically, I test legitimacy theory – that posits that organizational communication constitutes a reaction to institutional pressures and aims at legitimizing organizations – by conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses to identify the antecedents of organizational environmental communication, and to examine the impact of this communication on the organizations' legitimacy. This study is mainly grounded in the content analysis of the firms' annual reports over the four-year period. Regarding the antecedents, results are consistent with legitimacy theory. They show that organizations mobilize legitimizing discursive strategies in their environmental communication and that they react to heightened institutional pressures by increasing their environmental disclosures. Regarding the outcomes, results bring mixed support to legitimacy theory. If some findings suggest that environmental communication has a positive impact on organizational legitimacy, others are counterintuitive and suggest that the higher the quality of the communication, the lower the legitimacy.
TLRW: return of the read-write lock

TL2 and similar STM algorithms deliver high scalability based on write-locking and invisible readers. In fact, no modern STM design locks to read along its common execution path because doing so would require a memory synchronization operation that would greatly hamper performance. In this paper we introduce TLRW, a new STM algorithm intended for the single-chip multicore systems that are quickly taking over a large fraction of the computing landscape. We make the claim that the cost of coherence in such single chip systems is down to a level that allows one to design a scalable STM based on read-write locks. TLRW is based on byte-locks, a novel read-write lock design with a low read-lock acquisition overhead and the ability to take advantage of the locality of reference within transactions. As we show, TLRW has a painfully simple design, one that naturally provides coherent state without validation, implicit privatization, and irrevocable transactions. Providing similar properties in STMs based on invisible-readers (such as TL2) has typically resulted in a major loss of performance. In a series of benchmarks we show that when running on a 64-way single-chip multicore machine, TLRW delivers surprisingly good performance (competitive with and sometimes outperforming TL2). However, on a 128-way 2-chip system that has higher coherence costs across the interconnect, performance deteriorates rapidly. We believe our work raises the question of whether on single-chip multicore machines, read-write lock-based STMs are the way to go.
Modeling of Soft Poroelastic Tissue in Time-Harmonic MR Elastography

Elastography is an emerging imaging technique that focuses on assessing the resistance to deformation of soft biological tissues in vivo. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) uses measured displacement fields resulting from low-amplitude, low-frequency (10 Hz-1 kHz) time-harmonic vibration to recover images of the elastic property distribution of tissues including breast, liver, muscle, prostate, and brain. While many soft tissues display complex time-dependent behavior not described by linear elasticity, the models most commonly employed in MRE parameter reconstructions are based on elastic assumptions. Further, elasticity models fail to include the interstitial fluid phase present in vivo. Alternative continuum models, such as consolidation theory, are able to represent tissue and other materials comprising two distinct phases, generally consisting of a porous elastic solid and penetrating fluid. MRE reconstructions of simulated elastic and poroelastic phantoms were performed to investigate the limitations of current-elasticity-based methods in producing accurate elastic parameter estimates in poroelastic media. The results indicate that linearly elastic reconstructions of fluid-saturated porous media at amplitudes and frequencies relevant to steady-state MRE can yield misleading effective property distributions resulting from the complex interaction between their solid and fluid phases.
Considering cultural influences in volunteer satisfaction and commitment

Volunteers are crucial to the delivery of sport events worldwide. This research examines the efficacy of Western models of volunteering for Korean volunteers. Specifically, this research examines the relationship between benefits, sense of community, satisfaction, and commitment in a Korean context. A survey of 218 volunteers at the 2011 Formula One Grand Prix in Seoul, Korea was conducted. The results indicate that the structure of benefits obtained was less differentiated than previous research that has been conducted in Western cultures where volunteering is more prevalent. Further, the results show that the two benefits that Korean volunteers believed they obtained, excitement and professional development, do not impact satisfaction or commitment. Instead, sense of community was found to directly impact satisfaction and commitment, which is congruent with the collectivist values of Korean society.
Helicobacter pylori antigens as potential modulators of lymphocytes’ cytotoxic activity

Helicobacter pylori (H.p) colonizes human gastric mucosa and causes gastric and duodenal ulcer disease or gastric cancer. Various H.p compounds may modulate the host immune response in regards to tolerance of the infection or disease development. The aim of this study was to determine whether H.p lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glycine acid extract antigens (GE) or E. coli LPS influence the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from H.p infected – H.p (+) or uninfected – H.p (−) individuals, in the presence or absence of exogenous interleukin (IL)12. Individual H.p status was defined by the urea breath test. Lymphocytes, stimulated or not with H.p, and control antigens, with or without IL‐12, were used as effector cells and epithelial HeLa cells as targets. The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes was expressed as the percentage of dead target cells unable to reduce tetrazolium salt. The supernatants from HeLa/lymphocyte cultures were used for detection of the cellular cytotoxicity markers granzyme B and caspase 8. The natural cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes from H.p (+) was less than that of H.p (−) donors. This may have been due to fewer natural killer cells of CD3−CD56+Nkp46+ phenotype in H.p (+) in comparison to H.p (−) subjects. H.p GE and standard E. coli LPS enhanced the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes towards target cells whereas H.p LPS downregulated this activity. The decrease in lymphocyte cytotoxicity in response to H.p LPS correlated with a lack of IL‐2 and IL‐12 production, inhibition of interferon‐γ production, and low IL‐10 secretion by mononuclear leukocytes. IL‐12 significantly enhanced the natural as well as H.p LPS and H.p GE driven cytotoxic capacity of lymphocytes. In conclusion, H.p LPS may negatively modulate natural cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion by immunocompetent cells and thus be involved in the maintenance of infection and development of gastric pathologies.
Towards partitioned hierarchical real-time scheduling on multi-core processors

This paper extends previous work on hierarchical scheduling to multi-core systems. We have implemented partitioned multi-core scheduling of servers in the Linux kernel, using the scheduling framework ExSched. Neither ExSched nor the presented scheduler require any modifications to the Linux kernel. Hence, this makes the installation and kernel-version updates easier. We also present a user-space simulator which can be used when developing new multi-core hierarchical schedulers (plug-ins) for ExSched. We evaluate the overhead of our new multi-core hierarchical scheduler and compare it to a single-core hierarchical scheduler. Our results can be useful for developers that want to minimize the scheduler overhead when using partitioned hierarchical multi-core scheduling.
Maximising Hypervolume for Selection in Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms

When hypervolume is used as part of the selection or archiving process in a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, the basic requirement is to choose a subset of the solutions in a non-dominated front such that the hypervolume of the subset is maximised. We describe and evaluate two algorithms to approximate this process: a greedy algorithm that assesses and eliminates solutions individually, and a local search algorithm that assesses entire subsets. We present empirical data which suggests that a hybrid approach is needed to get the best tradeoff between good results and computational cost.
Explaining Ethnic Differences: Changing Patterns of Disadvantage in Britain

Introduction David Mason Changing ethnic disadvantage: an overview David Mason The demographic characteristics of people from minority ethnic groups in Britain David Owen Ethnic differentials in educational performance Tariq Modood Changing patterns of ethnic disadvantage in employment David Mason Patterns of and explanations for ethnic inequalities in health James Y. Nazroo Housing black and minority ethnic communities: diversity and constraint Malcolm Harrison 'All the women are white, all the blacks are men - but some of us are brave': mapping the consequences of invisibility for black and minority ethnic women in Britain Heidi Safia Mirza Police lore and community disorder: diversity in the criminal justice system Virinder S. Kalra.
Systematic humanization of yeast genes reveals conserved functions and genetic modularity

Staying the same across a billion years How far across evolution do families of genes retain their function? Yeast and humans are separated by roughly a billion years of evolutionary history, and yet genes from one can substitute for orthologous genes in the other. To study this effect systematically, Kachroo et al. replaced over 400 essential yeast genes with their human orthologs. Roughly half of the human genes could functionally replace their yeast counterparts. Genes being in the same pathway was as important as sequence or expression similarity in determining replaceability. Science, this issue p. 921 Genes in the same pathway can retain their function in organisms separated by a billion years of evolutionary history. To determine whether genes retain ancestral functions over a billion years of evolution and to identify principles of deep evolutionary divergence, we replaced 414 essential yeast genes with their human orthologs, assaying for complementation of lethal growth defects upon loss of the yeast genes. Nearly half (47%) of the yeast genes could be successfully humanized. Sequence similarity and expression only partly predicted replaceability. Instead, replaceability depended strongly on gene modules: Genes in the same process tended to be similarly replaceable (e.g., sterol biosynthesis) or not (e.g., DNA replication initiation). Simulations confirmed that selection for specific function can maintain replaceability despite extensive sequence divergence. Critical ancestral functions of many essential genes are thus retained in a pathway-specific manner, resilient to drift in sequences, splicing, and protein interfaces.