Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Is Most Vulnerable to Social Rejection? The Toxic Combination of Low Self-Esteem and Lack of Negative Emotion Differentiation on Neural Responses to Rejection

People have a fundamental need to belong that, when satisfied, is associated with mental and physical well-being. The current investigation examined what happens when the need to belong is thwarted—and how individual differences in self-esteem and emotion differentiation modulate neural responses to social rejection. We hypothesized that low self-esteem would predict heightened activation in distress-related neural responses during a social rejection manipulation, but that this relationship would be moderated by negative emotion differentiation—defined as adeptness at using discrete negative emotion categories to capture one's felt experience. Combining daily diary and neuroimaging methodologies, the current study showed that low self-esteem and low negative emotion differentiation represented a toxic combination that was associated with stronger activation during social rejection (versus social inclusion) in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula—two regions previously shown to index social distress. In contrast, individuals with greater negative emotion differentiation did not show stronger activation in these regions, regardless of their level of self-esteem; fitting with prior evidence that negative emotion differentiation confers equanimity in emotionally upsetting situations.
"What is relevant in a text document?": An interpretable machine learning approach

Text documents can be described by a number of abstract concepts such as semantic category, writing style, or sentiment. Machine learning (ML) models have been trained to automatically map documents to these abstract concepts, allowing to annotate very large text collections, more than could be processed by a human in a lifetime. Besides predicting the text’s category very accurately, it is also highly desirable to understand how and why the categorization process takes place. In this paper, we demonstrate that such understanding can be achieved by tracing the classification decision back to individual words using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP), a recently developed technique for explaining predictions of complex non-linear classifiers. We train two word-based ML models, a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bag-of-words SVM classifier, on a topic categorization task and adapt the LRP method to decompose the predictions of these models onto words. Resulting scores indicate how much individual words contribute to the overall classification decision. This enables one to distill relevant information from text documents without an explicit semantic information extraction step. We further use the word-wise relevance scores for generating novel vector-based document representations which capture semantic information. Based on these document vectors, we introduce a measure of model explanatory power and show that, although the SVM and CNN models perform similarly in terms of classification accuracy, the latter exhibits a higher level of explainability which makes it more comprehensible for humans and potentially more useful for other applications.
Physiological correlates of pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis

Although peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) has been linked to outcome in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), measuring is time consuming, and requires expensive equipment and expertise that is not readily available in all centers. Other fitness parameters such as peak anaerobic power, measures of power and strength may be simpler to deliver in the clinic. The relationship between these measures and established outcomes such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak aerobic power (VO2peak) in CF remains unclear. Therefore we evaluated (a) aerobic fitness, (b) anaerobic fitness, and (c) upper and lower body muscle strength to determine their relationship to FEV1 and VO2peak in children with CF.
Large vocabulary Mandarin speech recognition with different approaches in modeling tones

Large vocabulary continuous Mandarin speech recognition has been an important problem for speech recognition researchers for several reasons [1], [3]. First of all, it is a tonal language that requires special treatment for the modeling of tones. There are five tones in Mandarin which are necessary to disambiguate between confusable words. Secondly, the difficulty of entering Chinese by keyboard presents a great opportunity for speech recognition to improve computer usability. Previous approaches to modeling tones have included using a separate tone classifier [1] and incorporating pitch directly into the feature vector [3]. In this paper, we describe a large vocabulary Mandarin speech recognition system based on Microsoft’s Whisper system. Several alternatives in modeling tones and their error rates on continuous speech are compared. The experimental result shows a character error rate of 7.32% on a test set of 50 speakers and 1000 sentences when no special tone processing is performed in the acoustic model. When the final syllable model set is expanded to include tones, the error rate drops to 6.43% (error rate reduction of 12.2%). When pitch information and the larger final syllable set are used in combination, the error rate is 6.03% (cumulative error rate reduction of 17.6%). This result suggests that other sources of information such as energy and duration can also contribute toward disambiguating between different tones.
Hydrolytic Degradation Behavior of 50/50 Poly Lactide-co-Glycolide from Drug Eluting Stents

In-vitro degradation of 50/50 PLGA for programmed drug release has been systematically investigated fromthe drug eluting stents. Mass loss, molecular weight reduction, thermal changes and surface morphology ofthe drug eluting stents were analyzed as a function of degradation time. It was observed that degradation of50/50 PLGA occurs in two phases. Quick decrease in molecular weight but little mass loss took place duringfirst phase whereas in second phase, molecular weight reduction is slow with significant mass loss. Thisphenomenon supports heterogeneous degradation mechanism of PLGA. Drug release was attributed todiffusion rather then polymer degradation.
Research Paper: Exploring Performance Issues for a Clinical Database Organized Using an Entity-Attribute-Value Representation

BACKGROUND The entity-attribute-value representation with classes and relationships (EAV/CR) provides a flexible and simple database schema to store heterogeneous biomedical data. In certain circumstances, however, the EAV/CR model is known to retrieve data less efficiently than conventionally based database schemas. OBJECTIVE To perform a pilot study that systematically quantifies performance differences for database queries directed at real-world microbiology data modeled with EAV/CR and conventional representations, and to explore the relative merits of different EAV/CR query implementation strategies. METHODS Clinical microbiology data obtained over a ten-year period were stored using both database models. Query execution times were compared for four clinically oriented attribute-centered and entity-centered queries operating under varying conditions of database size and system memory. The performance characteristics of three different EAV/CR query strategies were also examined. RESULTS Performance was similar for entity-centered queries in the two database models. Performance in the EAV/CR model was approximately three to five times less efficient than its conventional counterpart for attribute-centered queries. The differences in query efficiency became slightly greater as database size increased, although they were reduced with the addition of system memory. The authors found that EAV/CR queries formulated using multiple, simple SQL statements executed in batch were more efficient than single, large SQL statements. CONCLUSION This paper describes a pilot project to explore issues in and compare query performance for EAV/CR and conventional database representations. Although attribute-centered queries were less efficient in the EAV/CR model, these inefficiencies may be addressable, at least in part, by the use of more powerful hardware or more memory, or both.
Changes in 3D nasal cavity volume after biomimetic oral appliance therapy in adults

Objective: In this study, the authors investigated 3D changes in nasal volume, to test the hypothesis that nasal cavity volume can be changed in adults. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, the authors undertook 3D cone-beam computerized axial tomographic (CBCT) scans of 11 consecutive adults (mean age: 37.9 years), before and after biomimetic oral appliance therapy (BOAT). The mean treatment time was 18.462. 5 months. Volumetric reconstruction of the nasal cavity was undertaken, and the nasal volume was calculated in all cases. The findings were subjected to statistical analysis, using paired t-tests. Results: The mean nasal cavity volume was 41.9612. 0 cm3 before treatment. After BOAT, the mean volume increased to 44.0612. 7 cm3 (P50.022). Conclusions: These data support the notion that nasal cavity volume can be changed in adults. Use of BOAT might improve continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compliance in adults diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), by increasing the nasal cavity volume and decreasing nasal airflow resistance.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing In Vitro Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ruminant Digestive Contents

ABSTRACT The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants is the main reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, which is responsible for food-borne infections in humans that can lead to severe kidney disease. Characterization of biotic and abiotic factors that influence the carriage of these pathogens by the ruminant would help in the development of ecological strategies to reduce their survival in the GIT and to decrease the risk of contamination of animal products. We found that growth of E. coli O157:H7 in rumen fluid was inhibited by the autochthonous microflora. Growth was also reduced when rumen fluid came from sheep fed a mixed diet composed of 50% wheat and 50% hay, as opposed to a 100% hay diet. In fecal suspensions, E. coli O157:H7 growth was not suppressed by the autochthonous flora. However, a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibited E. coli O157:H7 growth in fecal suspensions. The inhibitory effect was dose dependent. These lactic acid bacteria could be a relevant tool for controlling O157:H7 development in the terminal part of the ruminant GIT, which has been shown to be the main site of colonization by these pathogenic bacteria.
Analysis of 3-D network structures

Integral geometry and topology are applied to the problem of space-filling in irregular network structures such as liquid and amorphous metals, polycrystals, and foams. The theory developed is based on representing cells in irregular polyhedral networks as “average -hedra”, where equals the number of faces between contacting neighbours. Average -hedra satisfy, at their edges and vertices, the network's angular averages for triple lines and quadrajunctions, as dictated by topology. Although they themselves are incapable of filling space as a contiguous network, average -hedra act as high-symmetry “proxies” for analysing the average metric, energetic, and kinetic behaviour of real irregular network cells of equivalent topologies. The analysis developed here accurately predicts the average behaviour of 3-dimensional network structures, such as polycrystals and foams, and may also be applicable to biological tissues. This approach should prove especially useful for constructing quantitative descriptions of ev.
Isolation and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Strains in Ovine Aborted Fetuses in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that can cause abortion in humans and animals. The aim of this study was isolation and subsequent genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in ovine aborted fetuses. During 2012-2013, 39 ovine aborted fetuses were collected from sheep flocks in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The brain samples were screened for detection of the parasite DNA by nested PCR. The positive brain samples were bioassayed in Webster Swiss mice. The serum samples of mice were examined for T. gondii antibodies by IFAT at 6 weeks post inoculation, and T. gondii cysts were searched in brain tissue samples of seropositive mice. The positive samples were genotyped by using a PCR-RLFP method. Subsequently, GRA6 sequences of isolates were analyzed using a phylogenetic method. The results revealed that T. gondii DNA was detected in 54% (20/37, 95% CI 38.4-69.0%) brain samples of ovine aborted fetuses. In bioassay of mice, only 2 samples were virulent and the mice were killed at 30 days post inoculation, while the others were non-virulent to mice. The size of cysts ranged 7-22 µm. Complete genotyping data for GRA6 locus were observed in 5 of the 20 samples. PCR-RLFP results and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the isolated samples were closely related to type I. For the first time, we could genotype and report T. gondii isolates from ovine aborted fetuses in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The results indicate that the T. gondii isolates are genetically related to type I, although most of them were non-virulent for mice.
Variation in the Complex Carbohydrate Biosynthesis Loci of Acinetobacter baumannii Genomes

Extracellular polysaccharides are major immunogenic components of the bacterial cell envelope. However, little is known about their biosynthesis in the genus Acinetobacter, which includes A. baumannii, an important nosocomial pathogen. Whether Acinetobacter sp. produce a capsule or a lipopolysaccharide carrying an O antigen or both is not resolved. To explore these issues, genes involved in the synthesis of complex polysaccharides were located in 10 complete A. baumannii genome sequences, and the function of each of their products was predicted via comparison to enzymes with a known function. The absence of a gene encoding a WaaL ligase, required to link the carbohydrate polymer to the lipid A-core oligosaccharide (lipooligosaccharide) forming lipopolysaccharide, suggests that only a capsule is produced. Nine distinct arrangements of a large capsule biosynthesis locus, designated KL1 to KL9, were found in the genomes. Three forms of a second, smaller variable locus, likely to be required for synthesis of the outer core of the lipid A-core moiety, were designated OCL1 to OCL3 and also annotated. Each K locus includes genes for capsule export as well as genes for synthesis of activated sugar precursors, and for glycosyltransfer, glycan modification and oligosaccharide repeat-unit processing. The K loci all include the export genes at one end and genes for synthesis of common sugar precursors at the other, with a highly variable region that includes the remaining genes in between. Five different capsule loci, KL2, KL6, KL7, KL8 and KL9 were detected in multiply antibiotic resistant isolates belonging to global clone 2, and two other loci, KL1 and KL4, in global clone 1. This indicates that this region is being substituted repeatedly in multiply antibiotic resistant isolates from these clones.
Symmetrical Hybrid Multilevel DC–AC Converters With Reduced Number of Insulated DC Supplies

Novel symmetric hybrid multilevel topologies are introduced for both single- and three-phase medium-voltage high-power systems. The topology conception is presented in detail, where a three-level switching cell with low component count, and its modulation pattern give the origin of the proposed converters. Voltage sharing and low output-voltage distortion are achieved. The theoretical frequency spectra are derived. Switching devices are separated into high- and low-frequency devices, generating hybrid converters. Five-level three-phase topologies are generated from only three insulated dc sources, while the number of semiconductors is the same as for the cascaded H bridge. Both simulation and experimental results are provided showing the validity of the analysis.
Validity Issues in the Use of Social Network Analysis with Digital Trace Data

There is an exciting natural match between social network analysis methods and the growth of data sources produced by social interactions via information technologies, from online communities to corporate information systems. Information Systems researchers have not been slow to embrace this combination of method and data. Such systems increasingly provide “digital trace data” that provide new research opportunities. Yet digital trace data are substantively different from the survey and interview data for which network analysis measures and interpretations were originally developed. This paper examines 10 validity issues associated with the combination of digital trace data and social network analysis methods, with examples from the IS literature, to provide recommendations for improving the validity of future research.
On compactness of lattices

Let X be an arbitrary set and L a lattice of subsets of X. We denote by I(L) the set of those zero-one-valued nontrivial, finitely additive measures on A(L), the algebra generated by L, and we introduce other subsets of I(L). We study compactness/normality properties either relating to a single lattice L or relating to a pair of lattices L1⊂L2 of subsets of X.
Baryogenesis through mixing of heavy Majorana neutrinos

Apostolos PilaftsisMax-Planck-Institut fu¨r Physik, F¨ohringer Ring 6,80805 Munich, Germany, andTheory Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, SwitzerlandAbstract. We review the scenario of baryogenesis through lep-togenesis induced by the out-of-equilibrium decays of heavy neu-trinos. We pay special attention to the resonant phenomenonof CP violation through mixing of two nearly degenerate heavyMajorananeutrinosand showhow unitarityand CPT invarianceis maintained within the resummation approach. An importantconsequence of this is that the leptogenesis scale may be as lowas 1 TeV, even for models with universal Yukawa couplings.We brieﬂy discuss the impact of ﬁnite temperature eﬀects andlow-energy constraints to the afore-mentioned mechanism of CPviolation.1. IntroductionMany scenarios have been invoked in order to explain the small baryon-to-photon ratio of number densities n
Synthesis and Functional Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Thin Films

The purpose of this work was to develop a growth pathway for synthesis of high-quality ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory thin films and to understand their functional prop­ erties. Two groups of Ni-Mn-Ga films were prepared using the pulsed laser deposition tech­ nique. One group was grown on (100) YSZ ((Zr,Y)02 with Zr02:Y202=92:8) and was used to study the thermal, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. The other group was deposited on (100) MgO. These films were fabricated into free-standing micro-bridges. These Ni-Mn-Ga films were synthesized in a previously unexplored high temperature deposition regime. The temperatures employed encouraged the development of the desired micrometer-size highly twinned martensite grain structure while the general problem of preferential evaporation of the volatile elements at elevated temperatures was solved by using a manganese and gallium enriched target. The films grown on ( l 00) YSZ exhibit a self-reversible, magnetically induced reorien­ tation of the martensite variants (MIR), which is temperature dependent. The mechanism
An experimental model in dogs for studying interactions of drugs with bishydroxycoumarin

Experiments were carried out in dogs to investigate potentially dangerous interactions of drugs with bishydroxycoumarin that can occur in man. Dogs were treated orally with 1 mg. per kilogram of body weight of bishydroxycoumarin every other day for 39 to 44 days, and constant elevated prothrombin times and plasma levels of drug were obtained. When the dogs were given 10 mg. per kilogram of phenobarbital daily, the prothrombin time fell to normal and anticoagulant was no longer detectable in the plasma. If the dose of bishydroxycoumarin was then increased sevenfold, prothrombin times and plasma levels of drug were only slightly elevated. Phenobarbital administration was stopped, but bishydroxycoumarin was continued. Ten to 15 days after discontinuing phenobarbital, plasma levels of bishydroxycoumarin increased markedly, and all dogs developed severe hemorrhages. Administration of barbital also decreased the plasma level of bishydroxycoumarin and antagonized the activity of the anticoagulant, but barbital was less potent than phenobarbital. These effects can be explained by a stimulatory effect of the barbiturates on the metabolism of bishydroxycoumarin. When phenylbutazone and tolbutamide were given under the same conditions as the barbiturates, anticoagulant activity was first potentiated and then antagonized. This can be explained by initial displacement of bishydroxycoumarin from binding sites on plasma protein followed by a stimulatory effect of phenylbutazone and tolbutamide on the metabolism of bishydroxycoumarin.
Cellular basis and mechanism underlying normal and abnormal myocardial repolarization and arrhythmogenesis

Regional differences in repolarization characteristics of distinct cell types are responsible for the inscription of the J wave and T wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Amplification of these electrical heterogeneities contributes to the development of a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. This brief review examines the ionic and cellular basis for these heterogeneities and their role in the Brugada and long‐QT syndromes. Both cases involve an accentuation of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR). In the case of the Brugada syndrome, TDR is accentuated as a result of a preferential abbreviation of the right ventricular epicardial action potential, whereas in the long‐QT syndrome, accentuation of TDR is secondary to a preferential prolongation of the action potential of the M cell.
"Slow" myosins in vertebrate skeletal muscle. An immunofluorescence study

Specific antisera were raised in rabbits against column-purified myosins from a slow avian muscle, the chicken anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), and a slow-twitch mammalian muscle, the guinea pig soleus (SOL). The antisera were labeled with fluorescein and applied to sections of muscles from various vertebrae species. Two distinct categories of the slow fibers were identified on the basis of their differential reactivity with the two antisera. Fibers stained by anti-ALD appear to correspond in distribution and histochemical properties to physiologically slow-tonic fibers, i.e., fibers that display multiple innervation and respond to stimulation with prolonged contractures. In mammals, only a minority of fibers in extraocular muscles and the nuclear bag fibers of muscle spindles were brightly labeled by this antiserum. In contrast, fibers labeled by anti-SOL in mammalian muscle appear to correspond in distribution and histochemical properties to physiologically slow-twitch fibers. Anti-SOL was also found to stain a population of fibers in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes that did not react, or reacted poorly, with anti-ALD; in avian muscle, only a minor proportion of the slow fibers were labeled by anti-Sol. these findings point to the existence of two antigenically distinct, though partly cross-reacting, types of "slow" myosin in vertebrate muscle.