Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the vortex-induced vibration of an elastically mounted circular cylinder at high Reynolds number (Re = 104) and low mass ratio using the RANS code

This study numerically investigates the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted rigid cylinder by using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools. CFD analysis is performed for a fixed-cylinder case with Reynolds number (Re) = 104 and for a cylinder that is free to oscillate in the transverse direction and possesses a low mass-damping ratio and Re = 104. Previously, similar studies have been performed with 3-dimensional and comparatively expensive turbulent models. In the current study, the capability and accuracy of the RANS model are validated, and the results of this model are compared with those of detached eddy simulation, direct numerical simulation, and large eddy simulation models. All three response branches and the maximum amplitude are well captured. The 2-dimensional case with the RANS shear–stress transport k-w model, which involves minimal computational cost, is reliable and appropriate for analyzing the characteristics of VIV.
Referential context effects in non-native relative clause ambiguity resolution

We report the results from two experiments investigating how referential context information affects native and non-native readers’ interpretation of ambiguous relative clauses in sentences such as The journalist interviewed the assistant of the inspector who was looking very serious. The preceding discourse context was manipulated such that it provided two potential referents for either the first (the assistant) or the second (the inspector) of the two noun phrases that could potentially host the relative clause, thus biasing towards either an NP1 or an NP2 modification reading. The results from an offline comprehension task indicate that both native English speakers’ and German and Chinese-speaking ESL learners’ ultimate interpretation preferences were reliably influenced by the type of referential context. In contrast, in a corresponding self-paced-reading task we found that referential context information modulated only the non-native participants’ disambiguation preferences but not the native speakers’. Our results corroborate and extend previous findings suggesting that non-native comprehenders’ initial analysis of structurally ambiguous input is strongly influenced by biasing discourse information.
A Channel-Theoretic foundation for ontology coordination

We address the mathematical foundations of the ontology coordination problem and investigate to which extent the Barwise-Seligman theory of information flow may provide a faithful theoretical description of the problem. We give a formalisation of the coordination of populated ontologies based on instance exchange that captures progressive partial semantic integration. We also discuss the insights that the Barwise-Seligman theory provides to the general ontology coordination problem.
Predictors of Placement Moves Among Children With and Without Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Children identified as having emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) may have different out-of-home care placements than their peers without EBD.This study compared the factors influencing placement movements for 362 children with EBD and 363 children without EBD, using clinical Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores at baseline data collection of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. The analyses explored potential case characteristics influencing the number of placements for children with a clinical CBCL score at baseline data collection. Poisson regression models were used to explain the number of placements experienced during the first 36 months of placement. Overall, children with a clinical-level CBCL score were 2.5 times as likely to experience four or more placements as their nonclinical peers. Findings indicated that the presence of depression and not residing with siblings predicted movement among children with EBD. Among children without EBD, only older age was strongly associated with placement moves. Although the direction of effects is equivocal, these results call for greater attention to children's experience of out-of-home placement and the lack of homogeneity among children who are placed outside their homes.
Communication and Problematic Integration: Understanding Diverging Probability and Value, Ambiguity, Ambivalence, and Impossibility

This essay examines the interplay of communication and the basic human need to integrate probabilistic and evaluative orientations. The analysis focuses on communication in four experiences where it is difficult to satisfy the need: diverging probability and evaluation (e.g., unlikely happiness or likely sorrow), ambiguity, ambivalence, and impossibility. The aims are to (a) present a rudimentary theory of communication and the problematic integration of probability and evaluation, and (b) establish the significance of the interplay of communication and problematic integration. In so doing, the essay offers a set of ideas that synthesizes and extends understandings of a wide range of communicative phenomena, from the mundane (commiserating on day-to-day concerns) to the momentous (debates about war and peace), from the idiosyncratic (coping styles) to the common (dynamics of attitude change), and from the intimate (parent-child relations) to the mass public (responding to natural disaster).
Regrets of the Typical American

In this study of regret among a representative sample of Americans, the authors examined hypotheses derived from regret regulation theory, which asserts that regrets motivate a range of ameliorative cognitive consequences. Using a random-digit telephone survey, respondents reported a salient regret, then answered questions about that regret. Results showed inaction regrets lasted longer than action regrets, and that greater loss severity corresponded to more inaction regrets. Regrets more often focused on nonfixable than fixable situations. Women more than men reported love rather than work regrets and, overall, regrets more often focused on romance than on other life domains. Objective life circumstances (referenced by demographic variables) predicted regret in patterns consistent with regret regulation theory. These results complement laboratory findings while suggesting new refinements to existing theory.
Antagonism of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Blood Pressure Attenuation and Vascular Contractility

Objective— Aim was to assess whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced decrease of total peripheral resistance depends on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling and whether it is sensitive to NO-synthase or TLR4 antagonists. Methods and Results— C3H/HeN mice (control), expressing a functional, and C3H/HeJ mice, expressing a nonfunctional TLR4, were compared. LPS (20 mg/kg) was injected i.p. 6 hours before hemodynamic measurements. L-NAME and SMT, inhibitors of NO production, and Eritoran, a TLR4 antagonist, were tested for their impact on vascular contractility. Aortic rings were incubated for 6 hours with or without LPS (1 &mgr;g/mL), or with LPS+Eritoran (2 &mgr;g/mL) and their phenylephrine-induced contractility was measured using a myograph. The expression of cytokines in aortic tissue was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In control mice LPS induced a significant decrease of blood pressure and an increase of heart rate, whereas C3H/HeJ remained unaffected. LPS induced an increase of cytokine expression and a depression of vascular contractility only in control mice but not in C3H/HeJ. L-NAME and SMT increased contractility in all rings and restored LPS-dependent depression of contractility. Eritoran prevented LPS-induced loss of contractility. Conclusions— LPS upregulates cytokine expression via TLR4 and induces attenuation of smooth muscle contractility which can be effectively antagonized.
‘War on terrorism’ as a discursive battleground: Serbian recontextualization of G.W. Bush's discourse

In different parts of the world the 9/11 terrorist attacks have been localized and negotiated by mainstream media and in other public discourses in rather diverse ways. This article explores how young Serbian intellectuals recontextualized G.W. Bush's ‘war on terrorism’ discourse in order to legitimize, retroactively, Serbian violence against Muslims in Bosnia and Kosovo during the 1990s. We go beyond Bernstein's concept of recontextualization, defined as representation of social events, and extend it to the notion of relocation of a discourse from its original context/practice to its appropriation within another context/practice. Our analysis shows that the informants recycle and appropriate the discourse of ‘the war on terrorism’ by using an analogy. They equate the attacks on the WTC and the Pentagon with the former Yugoslav wars and they position and represent former Yugoslav Muslims as terrorists. Our informants continue to use the same principle of exclusion, celebrated by the US administration, extending the group of the ‘good’ (‘we’) to cover all ‘Western/European/Christians’, including the Serbs. The ‘evil’ (‘other’) group is represented as the ‘they’ group, encompassing all the ‘non-Western/non-European/non-Christian/Muslims’. Informants also appropriate the discourse by extending the meaning of the word ‘terrorism’ to all the violent acts carried out by Muslims regardless of the specificities of different politicalhistorical contexts.
Fabrication of Sub-50nm ZnO thin-film transistors with film profile engineering and laminated hardmask structure

We proposed a modified film profile engineering (FPE) process with laminated hardmask (HM) structure to fabricate ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with channel length (L) down to 10 nm. The fabricated ultra-short devices demonstrate uniform and excellent performance. 38 nm ZnO TFTs with discrete TiN gates were also fabricated for suppressing the off-state leakage current.
Commemoration as an expression of personal relationships and group identities: a case study of York Cemetery

Abstract Widespread public perceptions of cemeteries can be explored through a study of commemoration behavior. Important elements within this practice include the selection of burial plots, the purchase of memorials, the composition of memorial inscriptions, and visits to the gravesite by the bereaved. Each of these elements allowed both individuals and families to actively engage with the cemetery landscape. Using a case study of the Victorian memorials in York Cemetery, this paper explores how commemoration was used to express both personal relationship and affiliations to social groups. Particular attention is paid to the roles of religious affiliation and childhood death within commemoration behaviour. This study examines whether motivations that have been widely cited as underpinning commemoration within cemeteries may, in fact, be equally representative of practice across all cemeteries. The study's methods identify how commemoration operated in practice, as opposed to the theoretical opportunity cemeteries offered for commemoration. Discussion will consider the co-existing and mutable meanings expressed by commemoration and how the results from York could be used to direct future studies.
Pursuit of the Ph.D.

he thesis is put forward that changes in public policy which originally promoted broad access to higher education are leading to the diminished likelihood that minorities, those from low-income backgrounds and females in underrepresented disciplines will pursue, or be able to complete, the doctorate. By reviewing a wide range of research literature and statistical reports on the status of doctoral education in the U.S. & Canada, a detailed sociological portrait of those who pursue the Ph.D. is presented. Recommendations are given for further research on doctoral education, particularly in areas of attrition,retention, student indebtedness, social stratification, and post-doctoral career plans.
Large-scale development of cost-effective SNP marker assays for diversity assessment and genetic mapping in chickpea and comparative mapping in legumes

A set of 2486 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compiled in chickpea using four approaches, namely (i) Solexa/Illumina sequencing (1409), (ii) amplicon sequencing of tentative orthologous genes (TOGs) (604), (iii) mining of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (286) and (iv) sequencing of candidate genes (187). Conversion of these SNPs to the cost-effective and flexible throughput Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASPar) assays generated successful assays for 2005 SNPs. These marker assays have been designated as Chickpea KASPar Assay Markers (CKAMs). Screening of 70 genotypes including 58 diverse chickpea accessions and 12 BC3F2 lines showed 1341 CKAMs as being polymorphic. Genetic analysis of these data clustered chickpea accessions based on geographical origin. Genotyping data generated for 671 CKAMs on the reference mapping population (Cicer arietinum ICC 4958 × Cicer reticulatum PI 489777) were compiled with 317 unpublished TOG-SNPs and 396 published markers for developing the genetic map. As a result, a second-generation genetic map comprising 1328 marker loci including novel 625 CKAMs, 314 TOG-SNPs and 389 published marker loci with an average inter-marker distance of 0.59 cM was constructed. Detailed analyses of 1064 mapped loci of this second-generation chickpea genetic map showed a higher degree of synteny with genome of Medicago truncatula, followed by Glycine max, Lotus japonicus and least with Vigna unguiculata. Development of these cost-effective CKAMs for SNP genotyping will be useful not only for genetics research and breeding applications in chickpea, but also for utilizing genome information from other sequenced or model legumes.
The Nonverbal Expression of Negative Emotions: Peer and Supervisor Responses to Occupational Therapy Students' Emotional Attributes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preclinical and clinical consequences of occupational therapy students' emotional attributes. When students conducted interviews in pairs with one another, their feelings and behavior were associated with their attributes of negative emotionality and nonverbal expressiveness. When the student with a higher degree of negative emotionality within a dyad was the more expressive one, both students within that dyad reacted with less positive feelings and nonverbal behavior than when the student with the lower degree of negative emotionality was the more expressive one. Furthermore, during level II fieldwork experiences, expressive negatively emotional students were evaluated by their clinical supervisors as less clinically skilled than individuals who were expressive yet non-negatively emotional. Processes of emotional contagion and social impression formation may have mediated the associations that were found.
Regional Myocardial Wall Thinning at Multidetector Computed Tomography Correlates to Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Postinfarction Ventricular Tachycardia: Assessment of Structural and Electrical Substrate

Background—A majority of patients undergoing ablation of ventricular tachycardia have implanted devices precluding substrate imaging with delayed-enhancement MRI. Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) can depict myocardial wall thickness with submillimetric resolution. We evaluated the relationship between regional myocardial wall thinning (WT) imaged by MDCT and arrhythmogenic substrate in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia. Methods and Results—We studied 13 consecutive postinfarction patients undergoing MDCT before ablation. MDCT data were integrated with high-density 3-dimensional electroanatomic maps acquired during sinus rhythm (endocardium, 509±291 points/map; epicardium, 716±323 points/map). Low-voltage areas (<1.5 mV) and local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVA) during sinus rhythm were assessed with regard to the WT. A significant correlation was found between the areas of WT <5 mm and endocardial low voltage (correlation-R=0.82; P=0.001), but no such correlation was found in the epicardium. The WT <5 mm area was smaller than the endocardial low-voltage area (54 cm2 [Q1–Q3, 46–92] versus 71 cm2 [Q1–Q3, 59–124]; P=0.001). Among a total of 13 060 electrograms reviewed in the whole study population, 538 LAVA were detected and analyzed. LAVA were located within the WT <5 mm (469/538 [87%]) or at its border (100% within 23 mm). Very late LAVA (>100 ms after QRS complex) were almost exclusively detected within the thinnest area (93% in the WT<3 mm). Conclusions—Regional myocardial WT correlates to low-voltage regions and distribution of LAVA critical for the generation and maintenance of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia. The integration of MDCT WT with 3-dimensional electroanatomic maps can help focus mapping and ablation on the culprit regions, even when MRI is precluded by the presence of implanted devices.
Medicare Beneficiary Knowledge: Measurement Implications from a Qualitative Study

Medicare beneficiary knowledge about fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare versus managed care alternatives (MCA) has been studied extensively. However, these efforts might be compromised by lack of familiarity with common Medicare terminology. We used qualitative methods to examine beneficiaries' familiarity with Medicare Programs (FFS and MCA) and terminology. Twenty-one indepth, semi-structured beneficiary interview transcripts were analyzed through iterative review. Across sex, race/ethnicity, and benefits programs, participants found interview questions with Medicare terminology difficult to answer, potentially causing missing, incorrect, and inaccurate responses to interview questions. Assessment of beneficiary knowledge may be fundamentally impacted by absence of basic familiarity with Medicare Programs terminology.
Perceived Process of Change in Family Therapy for Eating Disorders in Shenzhen, China: A Qualitative Study

In this article the author reports the results of a qualitative study in Shenzhen, China, drawing on the subjective experiences of five Chinese parents and young persons who have recovered from an eating disorder family treatment, and explores the linkage between the changes in the family context and changes of individual experiences and behaviors, as well as the roles of family members and of the therapist in facilitating the healing. The symptomatic cycle of interaction of the families was discerned from treatment at the initial stage of helping. Two emerging themes in relation to the perceived changes were identified: (1) the perceived contextual changes, including the involvement of the previously disengaged father in the care of the young person suffering from an eating disorder to disrupt the symptomatic cycle in the family, and the change in the parenting methods, and (2) the different roles played by the emaciated young person, the parents, and the therapist in healing.
Understanding Generic Engineering Competencies

Abstract This paper contributes to understanding of the generic engineering competencies required by engineers graduating in Australia and to competency theory. The Competencies of Engineering Graduates (CEG) Project was conducted to identify the generic engineering competencies required by engineers graduating in Australia. The methodology adapted a theoretical framework for understanding key competencies developed by the Definition and Selection of Competencies Project commissioned by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The phases of the CEG Project included a literature review, a panel session, two large-scale surveys and a focus group. By reflecting on the whole CEG Project, this paper provides insight into the nature of competencies required by engineers in Australia. Implications for engineering educators are described.
Social Contexts and Urban Adolescent Outcomes: The Interrelated Effects of Neighborhoods, Families, and Peers on African-American Youth

Multilevel data are used to assess how three interrelated contexts-family, peer group, and neighborhood-influence the social functioning of urban African-American adolescent youth, a group believed to be especially "at-risk" due to high rates of exposure to contextual disadvantage and its associated ills. The analysis is designed to test the various pathways that neighborhoods influence, both directly and indirectly (via their impact on families and peers), two adolescent outcomes-prosocial competency and problem behavior. Neighborhood effects are relatively modest, operate indirectly via their effect on parenting and peer groups, and are transmitted through neighborhood social organization (i.e., collective efficacy), rather than neighborhood structure. Parental monitoring and peer quality are higher in neighborhoods with greater collective efficacy, which also moderates the effect of parental monitoring on both youth outcomes.
Specific Increases within Global Decreases: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Five Days of Motor Sequence Learning

Our capacity to learn movement sequences is fundamental to our ability to interact with the environment. Although different brain networks have been linked with different stages of learning, there is little evidence for how these networks change across learning. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the specific contributions of the cerebellum and primary motor cortex (M1) during early learning, consolidation, and retention of a motor sequence task. Performance was separated into two components: accuracy (the more explicit, rapidly learned, stimulus–response association component) and synchronization (the more procedural, slowly learned component). The network of brain regions active during early learning was dominated by the cerebellum, premotor cortex, basal ganglia, presupplementary motor area, and supplementary motor area as predicted by existing models. Across days of learning, as performance improved, global decreases were found in the majority of these regions. Importantly, within the context of these global decreases, we found specific regions of the left M1 and right cerebellar VIIIA/VIIB that were positively correlated with improvements in synchronization performance. Improvements in accuracy were correlated with increases in hippocampus, BA 9/10, and the putamen. Thus, the two behavioral measures, accuracy and synchrony, were found to be related to two different sets of brain regions—suggesting that these networks optimize different components of learning. In addition, M1 activity early on day 1 was shown to be predictive of the degree of consolidation on day 2. Finally, functional connectivity between M1 and cerebellum in late learning points to their interaction as a mechanism underlying the long-term representation and expression of a well learned skill.
JAM: Java Agents for Meta-Learning over Distributed Databases

In this paper, we describe the JAM system, a distributed, scalable and portable agent-based data mining system that employs a general approach to scaling data mining applications that we call meta-learning. JAM provides a set of learning programs, implemented either as JAVA applets or applications, that compute models over data stored locally at a site. JAM also provides a set of meta-learning agents for combining multiple models that were learned (perhaps) at different sites. It employs a special distribution mechanism which allows the migration of the derived models or classifier agents to other remote sites. We describe the overall architecture of the JAM system and the specific implementation currently under development at Columbia University. One of JAM's target applications is fraud and intrusion detection in financial information systems. A brief description of this learning task and JAM's applicability are also described. Interested users may download JAM from http://www.cs. columbia.edu/~sal/JAM/PROJECT.