Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating associative learning signals across the brain

Associative learning is defined as the ability to link arbitrary stimuli or actions together in memory. The neural correlates of this fundamental form of plasticity were first described in the hippocampus during delay eye blink conditioning and have since been examined using a variety of tasks in both rats and monkeys. In monkeys, the neural correlates of associative learning have been studied using conditional motor learning tasks where animals learn to associate particular visual stimuli with particular motor responses (i.e., touch left or touch right). Similar tasks have also been used to examine learning‐related plasticity in motor‐related areas throughout the frontal lobe and striatum. Here, we review the patterns of learning‐related activity seen in these diverse brain areas during conditional motor learning. While each of these areas exhibits strong associative learning signals, the differential patterns and time courses of these signals provides insight into the unique contribution of each area to associative learning. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EyeChess: the tutoring game with visual attentive interface

Advances in eye tracking have enabled the physically challenged people to type, draw, and control the environment with their eyes. However, entertainment applications for this user group are still few. The EyeChess project described in this paper is a PC-based tutorial to assist novices in playing chess endgames. The player always starts first and has to checkmate the Black King in three moves. First, to make a move the player selects a piece and then its destination square. To indicate that some squares could be activated, while other ones were forbidden for selection, color highlighting was applied. A square with a green highlight indicated a valid action, and the red color denoted invalid action. There were three options to make a selection: blinking, eye gesture (i.e., gazing at off-screen targets), and dwell time. If the player does not know how to solve the task, or s/he plays by making mistakes, the tutorial provides a hint. This shows up a blinking green highlight when the gaze points at the right square. Preliminary evaluation of the system revealed that dwell time was the preferred selection technique. The participants reported that the game was fun and easy to play using this method. Meanwhile, both the blinking and eye gesture methods were characterized as quite fatiguing. The tutorial was rated helpful in guiding the decision-making process and training the novice users in gaze interaction. Author
The Impact of a Teacher Education Program Redesign on Technology Integration in Elementary Preservice Teachers.

This 5-year multicohort study examined the growth of elementary preservice teachers’ technology integration in the context of a teacher preparation program redesign that made integrating technologies into instruction a major focus. The authors examined how the teacher education program impacted preservice teachers’ technology integration in the classroom by increasing their e�cacy to integrate technology and subject areas (i.e., technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge [TPACK] e�cacy) and their technology knowledge. Survey data collected from 891 participants were analyzed using thematic coding, analyses of variance, and structural equation modeling. The full program redesign showed across-cohort growth in TPACK e�cacy, technology knowledge, and technology integration frequency, suggesting the possibility of increasing preservice teachers’ technology integration through redesigning the teacher education program. Findings indicated that modeling by teacher educators and cooperating teachers positively impacted TPACK e�cacy, technology knowledge, and technology integration frequency. Technology knowledge predicted technology integration frequency. TPACK e�cacy
Trade First and Trade Fast: A Duration Analysis of Recovery from Currency Crisis

Over the last three decades, durations of recovery of output from contractionary currency crises have shown much variation both within and across countries. Using a dataset comprising of both developing and industrial countries, this paper examines the importance of economic fundamentals, international trade and liberalized capital account in determining the speed of recovery from such crises. We found that poor macroeconomic fundamentals and capital account liberalization have no significant effect on duration of recovery. However, all trade related variables were found to be significant. Our results indicate the preeminence of export led recovery.
A surge of North Gasherbrum Glacier, Karakoram, China

Abstract Between 2003 and 2007, North Gasherbrum Glacier on the northeastern slope of the Karakoram mountains in Asia underwent a dramatic acceleration, during which a velocity wave propagated down the glacier. There was a significant transfer of ice from up-glacier downstream, which resulted in a strong surface elevation increase over the lower tongue, but only a moderate advance of the glacier snout. We interpret this behaviour as that of a glacier surge, and we explain the observations by means of a simple version of the Kamb drainage-switching theory.
Non-Equilibrium Ionization State and Two-Temperature Structure in the Linked Region of Abell 399 and Abell 401

We investigate a non-equilibrium ionization state and two-temperature structure of the intracluster medium in the linked region of Abell 399/401, using a series of N-body + SPH simulations, and find that there exist significant shock layers at the edge of the linked region, and that the ionization state of iron departs from the ionization equilibrium state at the shock layers and around the center of the linked region. As for the two-temperature structure, an obvious difference of temperature between electrons and ions is found in the edge of the linked regions. Kα line emissions of Fexxiv and Fexxv are not severely affected by the deviation from the ionization equilibrium state around the center of the linked region, suggesting that the detection of relatively high metallicity in this area cannot be ascribed to the non-equilibrium ionization state of the intracluster medium. On the other hand, the Kα emissions are significantly deviated from the equilibrium values at the shock layers, and the intensity ratio of Kα lines between Fexxiv–xxv and Fexxvi is found to be significantly altered from that in the ionization equilibrium state.
Flashback: A Lightweight Extension for Rollback and Deterministic Replay for Software Debugging

Software robustness has significant impact on system availability. Unfortunately, finding software bugs is a very challenging task because many bugs are hard to reproduce. While debugging a program, it would be very useful to rollback a crashed program to a previous execution point and deterministically re-execute the "buggy" code region. However, most previous work on rollback and replay support was designed to survive hardware or operating system failures, and is therefore too heavyweight for the fine-grained rollback and replay needed for software debugging. This paper presents Flashback, a lightweight OS extension that provides fine-grained rollback and replay to help debug software. Flashback uses shadow processes to efficiently roll back in-memory state of a process, and logs a process' interactions with the system to support deterministic replay. Both shadow processes and logging of system calls are implemented in a lightweight fashion specifically designed for the purpose of software debugging. We have implemented a prototype of Flashback in the Linux operating system. Our experimental results with micro-benchmarks and real applications show that Flashback adds little overhead and can quickly roll back a debugged program to a previous execution point and deterministically replay from that point.
Design of extended short hairpin RNAs for HIV-1 inhibition

RNA interference (RNAi) targeted towards viral mRNAs is widely used to block virus replication in mammalian cells. The specific antiviral RNAi response can be induced via transfection of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or via intracellular expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). For HIV-1, both approaches resulted in profound inhibition of virus replication. However, the therapeutic use of a single siRNA/shRNA appears limited due to the rapid emergence of RNAi-resistant escape viruses. These variants contain deletions or point mutations within the target sequence that abolish the antiviral effect. To avoid escape from RNAi, the virus should be simultaneously targeted with multiple shRNAs. Alternatively, long hairpin RNAs can be used from which multiple effective siRNAs may be produced. In this study, we constructed extended shRNAs (e-shRNAs) that encode two effective siRNAs against conserved HIV-1 sequences. Activity assays and RNA processing analyses indicate that the positioning of the two siRNAs within the hairpin stem is critical for the generation of two functional siRNAs. E-shRNAs that are efficiently processed into two effective siRNAs showed better inhibition of virus production than the poorly processed e-shRNAs, without inducing the interferon response. These results provide building principles for the design of multi-siRNA hairpin constructs.
A Molecular Shell with Star Formation toward the Supernova Remnant G349.7+0.2

A field of about 38′ × 38′ around the supernova remnant (SNR) G349.7+0.2 has been surveyed in the CO J = 1–0 transition with the 12 m telescope of the NRAO, using the on-the-fly technique. The resolution of the observations is 54″. We have found that this remnant is interacting with a small CO cloud, which, in turn, is part of a much larger molecular complex, which we call the "large CO shell. " The large CO shell has a diameter of about 100 pc, an H2 mass of 9.3 × 105 M⊙, and a density of 35 cm-3. We investigate the origin of this structure and suggest as a suitable hypothesis that an old supernova explosion occurred about 4 × 106 yr ago. Analyzing the interaction between G349.7+0.2 and the large CO shell, it is possible to determine that the shock front currently driven into the molecular gas is a nondissociative shock (C-type), in agreement with the presence of OH 1720 MHz masers. The positional and kinematic coincidence of one of the CO clouds that constitute the large CO shell, an IRAS pointlike source, and an ultracompact H II region indicates the presence of a recently formed star. We suggest that the formation of this star was triggered during the expansion of the large CO shell and suggest the possibility that the same expansion also created the progenitor star of G349.7+0.2. The large CO shell would then be one of the few observational examples of supernova-induced star formation.
Drosophila decapping protein 1 , dDcp 1 , as a novel component of oskar mRNP complex directs its posterior localization in the oocyte

In Drosophila, the posterior deposition of oskar (osk) mRNA in the oocyte is critical for pole cell and abdomen formation. Exon junction complex components, translational regulation factors and other proteins form the RNP complex essential for directing osk mRNA to the posterior end of the oocyte. Until now, it has not been clear whether the mRNA degradation machinery is involved in regulating osk mRNA deposition. Here we show that Drosophila decapping protein 1, dDcp1, a general factor required for mRNA degradation, is also a novel component of the osk mRNP complex essential for osk mRNA posterior deposition. During oogenesis, dDcp1 can interact with Exuperantia (Exu) in an RNA-dependent manner while osk mRNA is not yet set for degradation and is required for the proper localization of Exu, Ypsilon Schachtel (Yps) and Oo18 RNA binding (Orb). Clearly, dDcp1 is required for an elaborate coupling of osk mRNA localization in the oocyte and its degradation in the embryo.
Learning word sense disambiguation in biomedical text with difference between training and test distributions

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a crucial issue in bio-medical text mining since the performance of diverse biomedical text mining techniques strongly depends on the senses of lexicons. Thus, it is natural to consider lexicons as the most crucial features in WSD. However, due to the diversity of lexical space, WSD methods based on machine learning techniques with lexical features suffer from the difference between distributions of training and test documents. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes support vector machines with example-wise weights. In this method, the training distribution is made coincide with the test distribution by weighting training examples according to their similarity to all test data. The experimental results show that the distribution change between training and test data is actually recognized and the proposed method which considers this change in its training phase outperforms ordinary support vector machines.
Leukemia Mediated Endothelial Cell Activation Modulates Leukemia Cell Susceptibility to Chemotherapy through a Positive Feedback Loop Mechanism

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the chances of achieving disease-free survival are low. Studies have demonstrated a supportive role of endothelial cells (ECs) in normal hematopoiesis. Here we show that similar intercellular relationships exist in leukemia. We demonstrate that leukemia cells themselves initiate these interactions by directly modulating the behavior of resting ECs through the induction of EC activation. In this inflammatory state, activated ECs induce the adhesion of a sub-set of leukemia cells through the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin. These adherent leukemia cells are sequestered in a quiescent state and are unaffected by chemotherapy. The ability of adherent cells to later detach and again become proliferative following exposure to chemotherapy suggests a role of this process in relapse. Interestingly, differing leukemia subtypes modulate this process to varying degrees, which may explain the varied response of AML patients to chemotherapy and relapse rates. Finally, because leukemia cells themselves induce EC activation, we postulate a positive-feedback loop in leukemia that exists to support the growth and relapse of the disease. Together, the data defines a new mechanism describing how ECs and leukemia cells interact during leukemogenesis, which could be used to develop novel treatments for those with AML.
Fuzzy Neural Network Modelling for Tool Wear Estimation in Dry Milling Operation

Tool failure may result in losses in surface finish and dimensional accuracy of a finished part, or possible damage to the work piece and machine. This paper presents a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) which is designed and developed for machinery prognostic monitoring. The FNN is basically a multi-layered fuzzy-rule-based neural network which integrates a fuzzy logic inference into a neural network structure. The fuzzy rules help to speed up the learning process of the complex conventional neural network structure and improve the accuracy in prediction and rate of convergence. A case study for prediction of tool life in a dry milling operation is presented to demonstrate the viability of the proposed FNN for tool condition monitoring. A comparison was made in the case study on prediction performances of different models established with the same set of experimental data. It is shown that the FNN is superior to conventional Multi-Regression Models (MRM), Backpropagation Neural Networks (BPNN) and Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFN) in term of prediction accuracy and BPNN in learning speed. *
Idealized, Inspirational, and Intellectual Leaders in the Social Sector: Transformational Leadership and the Kravis Prize

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 CHAPTER 1: Transformational Leadership and The Kravis Prize 6 Transformational Leadership—An Overview 6 The Henry R. Kravis Prize in Leadership—Visionary Leadership 14 Methodology 20 CHAPTER 2: Case Studies on Transformational Leadership 24 INJAZ—Soraya Salti 24 Right To Play—Johann Koss 37 Escuela Nueva—Vicky Colbert 43 mothers2mothers—Robin Smalley 49 Landesa—Roy Prosterman 54 CHAPTER 3: Conclusions, Discussion, and Future Research 58 REFERENCES 64 TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE SOCIAL SECTOR HUGHES
YADA: a tool for taking the most out of high-resolution spectra

Summary: YADA can deisotope and decharge high-resolution mass spectra from large peptide molecules, link the precursor monoisotopic peak information to the corresponding tandem mass spectrum, and account for different co-fragmenting ion species (multiplexed spectra). We describe how YADA enables a pipeline consisting of ProLuCID and DTASelect for analyzing large-scale middle-down proteomics data. Availability: http://fields.scripps. edu/yada Contact: paulo@pcarvalho.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
O R I G I N a L C L I N I C a L I N V E S T I G a T I O N Open Access

Risk of venous thromboembolic disease and adequacy of prophylaxis in hospitalized patients in Argentina: a multicentric cross-sectional study Abstract Background: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is associated with high morbi-mortality. Adherence rate to the recommendations of antithrombotic prophylaxis guidelines (ATPG) is suboptimal. The aim of this study was to describe the adequacy of antithrombotic prophylaxis (ATP) in hospitalized patients as the initial stage of a program designed to improve physician adherence to –ATP recommendations in Argentina.
Building and using a highly parallel programmable logic array

A two-slot addition called Splash, which enables a Sun workstation to outperform a Cray-2 on certain applications, is discussed. Following an overview of the Splash design and programming, hardware development is described. The development of the logic description generator is examined in detail. Splash's runtime environment is described, and an example application, that of sequence comparison, is given. <<ETX>>
Can mindfulness meditation alter consciousness? An integrative interpretation

Mindfulness meditation has been practiced in the East for more than two millennia, but in last years also Western neurscientists drown their attention to it. Mindfulness basically refers to moment to moment awareness. In this review we summarize different hypotheses concerning effects of mindfulness meditation practice and cerebral correlates accounting for these; furthermore we expose some of the most relevant theories dealing with different aspects of consciousness. Finally we propose an integration of mindfulness meditation with consciousness, supported by the identification of brain areas involved in both of them, namely Anterior Cingular Cortex (ACC), Posterior Cingular Cortex (PCC), Insula and Thalamus.
Intrinsic Signals in the Unique Domain Target p56lckto the Plasma Membrane Independently of CD4

In T lymphocytes, the Src-family protein tyrosine kinase p56lck (Lck) is mostly associated with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. To determine how this distribution is achieved, we analyzed the location of Lck in lymphoid and in transfected nonlymphoid cells by immunofluorescence. We found that in T cells Lck was targeted correctly, independently of the cell surface proteins CD4 and CD8 with which it interacts. Similarly, in transfected NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, Lck was localized at the plasma membrane, indicating that T cell–specific proteins are not required for targeting. Some variation in subcellular distribution was observed when Lck was expressed in HeLa and MDCK cells. In these cells, Lck associated with both the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus, while subsequent expression of CD4 resulted in the loss of Golgi-associated staining. Together, these data indicate that Lck contains intrinsic signals for targeting to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, delivery to this site may be achieved via association with exocytic transport vesicles. A mutant Lck molecule in which the palmitoylation site at cysteine 5 was changed to lysine (LC2) localized to the plasma membrane and the Golgi region in NIH3T3 cells. However, the localization of a mutant in which the palmitoylation site at cysteine 3 was changed to serine (LC1) was indistinguishable from wild-type Lck. Chimeras composed of only the unique domain of Lck linked to either c-Src or the green fluorescent protein similarly localized to the plasma membrane of NIH-3T3 cells. Thus, the targeting of Lck appears to be determined primarily by its unique domain and may be influenced by the use of different palmitoylation sites.
Environmental Protection: Essentials/Antecedents of Digital Book Adoption

Encouraging e-book adoption has great contribution towards environmental protection. In this research, we propose, the extension to the more comprehensive new product model, UTAUT, which comprises of four variables i.e. social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions, by incorporating new variable “benevolence trust”. The finding showed that, in presence of the benevolence trust, all the constructs of UTAUT increased significantly and benevolence trust becomes the most important determinants for predicting e-book purchase. Our findings further explore benevolence trust moderates the application of UTAUT for e-book purchase prediction. All these findings can help e-book providers to formulate effective marketing strategies to make consumers overcome their psychological resistance for using e-book.
Comparison of automatic shot boundary detection algorithms

Various methods of automatic shot boundary detection have been proposed and claimed to perform reliably. Detection of edits is fundamental to any kind of video analysis. It segments a video into its basic components, that is, the shots. However, only few comparative investigations on early shot boundary detection algorithms have been published. These investigations mainly concentrate on measuring the edit detection performance. However, they do not consider the algorithms' ability to classify the types, and to locate the boundaries of the edits correctly. This paper extends these comparative investigations. More recent algorithms designed explicitly to detect specific complex editing operations, such as fades and dissolves, are taken into account. In addition, their ability to classify the types and locate the boundaries of such edits are examined. The algorithms' performance is measured in terms of hit rate, number of false hits, and miss rate for hard cuts, fades, and dissolves, over a large and diverse set of video sequences. The experiments show that while hard cuts and fades can be detected reliably, dissolves are still an open research issue. The false hit rate for dissolves is usually unacceptably high, ranging from 50 percent up to more than 400 percent. Moreover, all algorithms seem to fail under roughly the same conditions.