Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anemia in uremia. Hemolysis evaluated by common methods and application of the bilirubin turnover method.

One hundred and thirty-eight patients with renal insufficiency of varying degree have been studied with respect to anemia and signs of hemolysis. A control material is included in the study. 1) The patient group displayed a normochromic anemia with only a slightly subnormal mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. 2) A moderately elevated reticulocyte count together with a tendency to elevated endogenous carbon monoxide production indicated a certain degree of hemolysis in the uremic patient group compared with the controls. Patients with chronic pyelonephritis and active urinary infection displayed an elevated reticulocyte count (p p > 0.01) than non-infected uremic patients. Thus we consider these infections to be a hemolysis-promoting factor in patients with renal insufficiency. 3) In men there was a positive correlation between the concentrations of serum creatinine versus serum iron concentration and the saturation percentage of the total iron binding capacity. In the light of cited iron kinetic data, we consider this correlation an indicator of depressed erythropoiesis. 4) A selected group of severely ill uremic patients were studied with respect to their erythrocyte life span by the bilirubin turnover method. As a group, they displayed a shortened erythrocyte life span in comparison with an earlier published control group.
Introduction: the Millennium Development Goals and multilingual literacy in African communities

This article is the guest editor's introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development on ‘Multilingual Literacy and Social Change in African Communities’. Norton examines the diverse contributions with reference to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals, formulated in 2000 to ‘make poverty history’ by 2015. Bamgbose argues convincingly that language is central in the struggle for educational progress, gender equality and improved health. Makoe and McKinney, for example, highlight continuities in language practices in post-apartheid South African schools, while Early and Norton address the challenges of teaching through English as medium in Uganda. As discussed by Sherris and colleagues, programmes like School for Life, which validate the local languages of out-of-school Ghanaian youth, are exemplary, and can be contrasted with the troubling pedagogical practices identified by Higgins in her HIV/AIDS educational research in Tanzania. The validation of local knowledge is also a theme in Namazzi and Kendrick, who insightfully address multimodal educational practices in Ugandan child-headed households. Lemphane and Prinsloo provide a window on the future, cautioning that the digital literacy practices of diverse youth can be indexical of social inequalities. The promotion of multilingual literacy remains an urgent priority in African education.
In Defense of Negativity: Attack Ads in Presidential Campaigns

In Defense of Negativity: Attack Ads in Presidential Campaigns. By John G. Geer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 218p. $47.50 cloth, $19.00 paper. This book begins with a series of quotes from scholars and media pundits arguing that negative political advertisements are uncivil, mean-spirited, emotion-laden distortions of the truth, which not only smear their target but also mislead voters and undermine the political process itself; in short, they are the scourge of democracy. Or so the conventional wisdom goes. But John Geer asks us to reject the starting assumption that attack ads are bad. In fact, he argues that democracy requires candidates to attack each other. His argument is simple but powerful: All advertisements, by their very nature, exaggerate the truth. But this point applies equally to negative and positive ads. We cannot expect political candidates to fairly discuss their weaknesses along with their strengths. That is the role of the opposition, and it can only be done by offering criticisms of the opposing candidate or party. The real questions, then, are 1) whether negative ads perform their role effectively, or instead distort and confuse the vote choices citizens must make; and 2) whether attack ads, in performing a role that seems to be required of them, nonetheless undermine the democratic political system of which they are a crucial part.
Symptoms Versus Impairment

Diagnosing ADHD based primarily on symptom reports assumes that the number/frequency of symptoms is tied closely to the impairment imposed on an individual’s functioning. That presumed linkage encourages diagnosis more by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) style symptom lists than well-defined, psychometrically sound assessments of impairment. The current study correlated measures reflecting each construct in four separate, large-scale ADHD research samples. Average correlation between symptoms and impairment accounted for less than 10% of variance. Symptoms never predicted more than 25% of the variance in impairment. When an ADHD group was formed according to a measure of current symptoms, the sample size shrunk by 77% when a criterion-based measure of impairment was added. The partial unlinking of symptoms and impairment has implications for decisions about the diagnostic process, research criteria for participant inclusion, prevalence estimates, gender ratios, evaluation of treatment effects, service delivery, and many other issues.
Holo-transcobalamin concentration and transcobalamin saturation reflect recent vitamin B12 absorption better than does serum vitamin B12.

BACKGROUND We evaluated whether measurement of vitamin B(12)-saturated transcobalamin (holo-TC) concentrations or TC saturation (holo-TC:total TC) reflects active vitamin B(12) absorption in healthy individuals and patients after vitamin B(12) intake. METHODS We obtained blood samples from 31 healthy individuals (age range, 25-57 years) before (days -1 and 0) and after (days 1, 2, and 6) oral administration of three 9-microg doses of vitamin B(12). The blood samples from seven patients (age range, 22-39 years) suspected to have decreased vitamin B(12) absorption were obtained before and 1 day after the vitamin B(12) intake. The blood samples were analyzed for vitamin B(12), total TC, and holo-TC. The TC saturation was calculated. RESULTS Intraindividual variation was <13% for all measured values, as calculated from samples removed on day -1 and 0. In healthy individuals (n = 31) after intake of vitamin B(12), the maximum median (range) increase (as percentages and absolute values) was in TC saturation [52 (-2% to 128)% and 0.04 (0-0.23) as a fraction], closely followed by holo-TC concentrations [39 (0-108)% and 34 (0-149) pmol/L]. All but one healthy individual had an increase of >/=15% in these markers. Serum vitamin B(12) showed a smaller increase [14 (-8 to 51)% and 36 (-27 to 290) pmol/L]. After vitamin B(12) intake, three patients with Crohn disease had the lowest increases in holo-TC concentration (3, 7, and 14 pmol/L) and in TC saturation (0.004, 0.01, and 0.01) among patients and 30 healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Holo-TC concentrations and TC saturation reflect normal vitamin B(12) absorption better than does serum vitamin B(12).
Performance Bottleneck of TCP / IP over ATM in Local AreaATM networksTien

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is accepted as the suitable technique to realize the concept of Broadband Integrated Service Digital Networks which support diierent kinds of services such as voice, video and data in the future. However, from the economic point of view the new ATM technology has to inter-work with other existing network technologies such as TCP/IP in which the worldwide computer network, Internet, is based. Therefore the performance issue of the Internet Protocol stack TCP/IP over ATM is of great importance. In this paper, we present some TCP/IP-over-ATM performance results carried out in our experimental ATM laboratory consisting of one ATM switch and several workstations equipped with ATM interface cards. The measurement results quantitatively identify some factors (TCP/IP implementation, computer speed, computer cache speed, sender and receiver socket buuer size,.) which cause the performance bottleneck of TCP/IP protocol in ATM networks.
Daily spiritual experience in basques and mexicans: a quantitative study Experiencia espiritual cotidiana en vascos y mexicanos: un estudio cuantitativo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of daily spiritual experience, as measured by the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale-Spanish (DSES-S), with life satisfaction, positive/negative affect, psychological well-being and personality in a sample of Basques (N=100) and Mexicans (N=96). Among the findings were that Basques reported a greater frequency of daily spiritual experience than their Mexican peers. In addition, Atheists and Agnostics reported more daily spirituality than Christians and Catholics. Finally, daily spiritual experience was positively correlated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and psychological well-being, and negatively correlated with indicators of anxiety and depression.
The hidden costs of control

We analyze the consequences of control on motivation in an experimental principalagent game, where the principal can control the agent by implementing a minimum performance requirement before the agent chooses a productive activity. Our results show that control entails hidden costs since most agents reduce their performance as a response to the principal? s controlling decision. Overall, the effect of control on the principal? s payoff is nonmonotonic. When asked for their emotional perception of control, most agents who react negatively say that they perceive the controlling decision as a signal of distrust and a limitation of their choice autonomy. (JEL D82, Z13)
Employee agency: challenges and opportunities for psychological contract theory

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine what employee agency entails for psychological contract theory. The paper aims to explore how employee agency manifests itself, how it is reflected in employees' perceptions of their psychological contract obligations, and what it implies for psychological contract theory. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on a qualitative interview study of employees from the mobile phone content production industry in Finland. The analysis is based on 15 semi-structured employee interviews, which were supported by a discussion of the interviewees' weekly agendas. Findings – This study reveals that employee agency manifests itself as self-actualisation, action, influence and creativity, all of which have implications for employees' psychological contracts. Employees emerge as active parties to the psychological contract, consciously modifying and constructing it instead of simply reacting to employer behaviour, as is assumed in current research. Originality/value – This study contributes to psychological contract theory by providing one of the few empirical attempts to demonstrate how employees actively manage the exchange relationship captured by the psychological contract. It highlights the importance of acknowledging employee agency in future psychological contract research.
NIR, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases, regulates transcription factor TAp63 and is controlled by the cell cycle

p63 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that regulates epithelial stem cell maintenance and epithelial differentiation. In addition, the TAp63 isoform with an N-terminal transactivation domain functions as an inducer of apoptosis during the development of sympathetic neurons. Previous work has indicated that the co-activator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT), p300, can bind to TAp63 and stimulate TAp63-dependent transcription of the p21Cip1 gene. Novel INHAT Repressor (NIR) is an inhibitor of HAT. Here, we report that the central portion of NIR binds to the transactivation domain and the C-terminal oligomerization domain of TAp63. NIR is highly expressed in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and only weakly expressed in G1/S. Furthermore, except during mitosis, NIR is predominantly localized in the nucleolus; only a small portion co-localizes with TAp63 in the nucleoplasm and at the p21 gene promoter. Consistent with NIR acting as a repressor, the induced translocation of NIR from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm resulted in the inhibition of TAp63-dependent transactivation of p21. Conversely, knockdown of NIR by RNAi stimulated p21 transcription in the presence of TAp63. Thus, NIR is a cell-cycle-controlled, novel negative regulator of TAp63. The low levels of nucleoplasmic NIR might act as a buffer toward potentially toxic TAp63.
Isolation and Characterization of Influenza C Viruses in the Philippines and Japan

ABSTRACT From November 2009 to December 2013 in the Philippines, 15 influenza C viruses were isolated, using MDCK cells, from specimens obtained from children with severe pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI). This is the first report of influenza C virus isolation in the Philippines. In addition, from January 2008 to December 2013, 7 influenza C viruses were isolated from specimens that were obtained from children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Sendai city, Japan. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein showed that 19 strains (12 from the Philippines and 7 from Japan) were similar to the influenza C virus reference strain C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82). Phylogenetic analysis of the HE gene showed that the strains from the Philippines and Japan formed distinct clusters within an SP82-related lineage. The clusters that included the Philippine and Japanese strains were shown to have diverged from a common ancestor around 1993. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that all strains isolated in the Philippines and Japan had emerged through reassortment events. The composition of the internal genes of the Philippine strains was different from that of the Japanese strains, although all strains were classified into an SP82-related lineage by HE gene sequence analysis. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses analyzed here had emerged through different reassortment events; however, the time and place at which the reassortment events occurred were not determined.
Methodologist as Arbitrator

When progress in applied research slows because opposing coalitions of investigators privilege their favored models, methodologists can contribute by addressing a tractable unresolved question that is relevant to all competing positions. In this article, the literature on educational attainment is addressed, broadly by focusing on alternative positions on the need to model students’ own beliefs and more narrowly by attempting to answer a classic question that emerged in debates over the power of status attainment approaches: Why is the relationship between educational expectations and subsequent educational attainment weaker for Blacks than for Whites? Five complementary models of the causal effect of expectations on attainment are offered: a traditional path model, an average effects instrumental variable model, a counterfactual analysis of bounds, a rational expectations forecasting model, and a panel data model of updated expectations.
Chloroboron (III) subnaphthalocyanine as an electron donor in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells

In this work, chloroboron (III) subnaphthalocyanine (SubNc) was used as an electron donor, combined with a [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) or fullerene C70 acceptor in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells. In spite of the limited solubility of SubNc in organic solvents, the solution processed device exhibited an efficiency of 4.0% under 1 sun, AM1.5G solar irradiation at room temperature, and 5.0% at 80 ° C due to the temperature-dependence of the carrier mobilities. SubNc:C70 bulk heterojunctions were also fabricated via thermal co-evaporation, demonstrating an efficiency of 4.4%. This result shows that SubNc is a promising material for photovoltaic applications via various processing techniques, such as vacuum deposition and wet coating.
Specific Alteration of Spontaneous GABAergic Inhibition in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Mice Lacking the Potassium Channel Kv1.1

In the cerebellum, the basket cell innervation on Purkinje cells provides a major GABAergic inhibitory control of the single efferent output from the cerebellum. The Shaker-type K channel Kv1.1 is localized at the axon arborization preceding the terminal of the basket cells and is therefore a potential candidate for regulating the GABAergic inhibition. In this study, we directly assess this role of Kv1.1 by electrophysiological analysis of Kv1.1 null mutant mice. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) were made from Purkinje cells in thin cerebellar slices from postnatal day (P)10–15 Kv1.1-null mutants using wild-type littermates as controls. The null mutation confers a very specific change in the sIPSC: the frequency increases about twofold, without accompanying changes in the mean and variance of its amplitude distribution. The frequency and amplitude of the miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) are unaffected. Spontaneous firing rate of the basket cells is unaltered. Evoked IPSC does not show multiple activity in the mutants. Motor skills tests show that Kv1.1 null mice display a compromised ability to maintain balance on a thin stationary rod. We conclude that the Kv1.1 null mutation results in a persistent elevation of the tonic inhibitory tone on the cerebellum Purkinje cell efferent and that this is not fully compensated for by residual Shaker-type channels. We further suggest that the increase in inhibitory tone in the mutants might underlie the behavioral deficits. At the cellular level, we propose that Kv1.1 deletion enhances excitability of the basket cells by selectively enhancing the likelihood of action potential propagation past axonal branch points.
Professionals’ attitudes to children’s participation in decision‐making: dichotomous accounts and doctrinal contests

The attitude of professionals to the involvement of children in decision-making is unclear. This paper discusses a recent research study that utilized qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the views of professionals working in family support and child protection about two different aspects of children’s participation in decision-making: the age at which children should make decisions and whether or not they should be involved in child protection conferences. The results showed that social workers tended to favour one of two diametrically opposed viewpoints about the age at which young people should make decisions and then in discussions with colleagues they sought to persuade others to change their perspective. Social workers who believed that young people should not make decisions until much older nevertheless thought that they should be involved in conferences whereas non-social workers did not make this distinction: for them, children who were not old enough to make decisions for themselves should not be involved in conferences. The results are discussed in the light of some of the implications for practice. The paper concludes by outlining how the results informed the design of a training pack commissioned by the Department of Health concerning the involvement of young people.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Strabismus Treatment in Third Cranial Nerve Palsy during a 10-Year Period

Purpose: To evaluate the demographics and management outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with third cranial nerve palsy. Methods: This retrospective study includes subjects with third cranial nerve palsy. We evaluated age, sex, laterality, severity of involvement, etiology, frequency of clinical findings, and types and results of treatments. Results: 52 patients including 29 male and 23 female subjects with mean age of 21.1±15.5 years were studied between January 1999 and January 2009. Etiologies of third nerve palsy included congenital in 16 (30.8%), trauma in 26 (50%) and other causes in 10 (19.2%) patients. In 24 patients (46.2%), the palsy was complete. The most common type of strabismus was exotropia associated with hypotropia (40%). Medical treatment was used in 25 (48%) and surgical treatment in 46 (88.4%) subjects. One time strabismus surgery was performed in 30 (65.2%), 2 times in 11 (24%) and 3 times in 5 (10.8%) subjects. The most common operation was large horizontal recession and resection in 78.2% of cases. Mean horizontal deviation in primary position was 66±29 prism diopters (PD) before surgery decreasing to 21±19, 13±12 and 6±8 PD after first, second and third surgery, respectively. Corresponding figures for mean vertical deviation were 13±15, 7±12, 4±6 and 1±2 PD, respectively. Abnormal head posture was 10-30° in 11 (21.1%) cases before treatment which completely resolved after surgery. Conclusion: Surgical management of strabismus in patients with third nerve palsy is difficult and challenging, however the majority of patients achieve ideal results with appropriate and stepwise surgical plans.
Abdominal wall endometriosis in the cesarean section surgical scar: A potential diagnostic pitfall

Aim: The abdominal wall is an uncommon site of extrapelvic endometriosis. It usually develops in a previous surgical scar and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any abdominal swelling. Classical symptoms of endometriosis may resemble abdominal wall lesions such as an incisional hernia, hematoma, granuloma, abscess or various soft tissue tumors; therefore, a definitive preoperative diagnosis is not always easy to determine in every case. The aim of this article is to review the clinical findings, imaging results and histopathology of those of our patients who have had cesarean scar endometriosis.
Increased positive emotional memory after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex.

OBJECTIVE Several studies have demonstrated increased left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity during negative and depressed mood. These mood states have also been associated with reduced memory for positive emotional stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether slow, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left OFC would improve memory for positive material. METHODS We carried out a study with a double-blind, within-subjects design, in which 12 healthy volunteers received 20 minutes of slow rTMS over the left OFC, placebo treatment over the left OFC and rTMS over the left dorsolateral portion of the prefrontal cortex. Effects on memory for fearful and happy faces were investigated. RESULTS Memory for happy faces was significantly improved after rTMS over the left OFC compared with placebo (t10 = 2.4, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a role of the OFC in positive emotional memory, which is in accordance with neuroimaging and neuropsychological data. It may be argued that dense projections from the OFC to the limbic emotional circuit are involved in emotional memory and, therefore, play a role in the effects of rTMS that we observed.