Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatal Eimeria gilruthi-Induced Abomasal Coccidiosis : a still Neglected Parasitosis ?

Abomasal coccidiosis was diagnosed in two cross-breed adult sheep and one adult goat which died after a 3-week period of weight loss, anorexia and diarrhoea. Necropsies revealed an extremely edematous abomasal mucosa with a nodular surface and multiple focal areas of haemorrhagies. Histological examinations of affected abomasal mucosa showed numerous giant (up to 600 μm) coccidian macromeronts containing myriads of merozoites. These macromeronts were thick-walled and associated with hyperplasia of mucous neck cells, parietal cell atrophy, and moderate to intense lymphoplasmacytic inflammation that was centered on degenerated macromeront walls. Based on morphological characteristics, the macromeronts were identified as stages of Eimeria gilruthi, formerly known as Globidium, a coccidian parasite of uncertain taxonomic status historically associated with incidental coccidian abomasitis in sheep and goats. The current cases and the significant E. gilruthi-induced mucosal inflammation suggest that heavy abomasal E. gilruthi-infections should be considered as etiological cause of weight loss, anorexia, diarrhoea, and proliferative/ haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep.
Grounded Theory Analysis of Emotional Pain

Seven adult children of alcoholic clients participated in interviews to explore the phenomenon of emotional pain. The analysis of the interviews was guided by the grounded theory method. The emerging model provided a detailed portrayal of emotionally painful experience, and outlined the stages in the process of working through pain. The essence of the experience is captured in the core category, The Broken Self, characterized by four properties including Woundedness, Disconnection, Loss of Self, and Awareness of Self, and a set of visceral and spatial descriptors. The Broken Self exists in relation to two other concepts of self that are not broken. The Covered Self refers to a self that has been organized in a way that conceals essential aspects of the self. The Transformed Self evolves out of the brokenness, as the individual integrates new information that has emerged as a result of experiencing a Broken Self. Sieben mittlerweile erwachsene Kinder von alkoholabhaagigen Patienten wurden in dieser Studie .
Minorités, ethnicité et citoyenneté : les modèles français et anglais sur les bancs de révole

La scolarisation des enfants issus de l'immigration renvoie a des questions depassant l'univers scolaire pour toucher aux modeles nationaux d'integration et de construction identitaire. Cet article compare la situation en Angleterre et en France, deux pays aux modeles d'integration tres distincts : le modele multiculturel et le modele republicain. L'etude des classifications officielles de la population, des politiques educatives et des pratiques des enseignants montre comment les modeles subissent des distorsions, tout en restant clairement identifiables en pratique, marquant l'experience scolaire des enfants d'immigres.
Will a once-weekly anticoagulant for the treatment and secondary prevention of thromboembolism improve adherence?

Summary Oral anticoagulation, most commonly with warfarin once daily, has long been the main form of long-term treatment and secondary prevention of thromboembolism. The efficacy of warfarin has been established in clinical trials, but problems with unstable anticoagulation with international normalized ratios (INRs) outside the recommended range due to incorrect dosing, drug and food interactions, and with adherence and persistence have been reported in practice. Poor adherence and persistence are serious problems because they result in out-of-range INRs. Many new thromboembolic events, such as strokes, occur when INRs are out-of-range or after warfarin discontinuation. Among the new anticoagulants currently being investigated, some offer the possibility of more stable anticoagulation and weekly administration. Less frequent dosing schedules generally improve adherence. In many cases, such as bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis, and the long-term treatment of depressive disorders or multiple sclerosis, adherence to, and persistence with, weekly dosing is improved compared with daily dosing, and most patients prefer weekly dosing. The advent of novel anticoagulants such as idraparinux with its long half-life offers hope for improved adherence with anticoagulation, and ultimately improved outcomes.
School Resistance in American High Schools: The Role of Race and Gender in Oppositional Culture Theory

Oppositional culture theory has been primarily used to explain race and ethnic differences in education. It argues that members of involuntary minority groups tend to underachieve for fear of being sanctioned by their peers. The underlying assumption, then, is that academic success harms peer relationships for involuntary minorities more than it does for other groups. Prior tests based on survey data fail to support the theory. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS), I examine race/ethnic and gender differences with respect to the two main components of oppositional culture theory: peer relations and school resistance. Like prior survey analyses, I find no support for the thesis that oppositional culture accounts for race/ethnic differences in school achievement. However, oppositional culture does appear to play a key role in explaining why male students tend to receive lower grades despite standardised test scores that equal or exceed the scores of female students. Based on several measures in the NELS, I find that anti-studious attitudes and behaviours are more prevalent among males than females, and conclude that future researchers should be more sensitive to this gender aspect of school culture.
2D-to-3D ambience upmixing based on perceptual band allocation

3D multichannel audio systems employ additional elevated loudspeakers in order to provide listeners with a vertical dimension to their auditory experience. Listening tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a novel vertical upmixing technique called “perceptual band allocation (PBA),” which is based on a psychoacoustic principle of vertical sound localization, the “pitch height” effect. The practical feasibility of the method was investigated using 4-channel ambience signals recorded in a reverberant concert hall using the Hamasaki-Square microphone technique. Results showed that the PBA-upmixed 3D stimuli were significantly stronger than or similar to 9-channel 3D stimuli in 3D listener-envelopment (LEV), depending on the sound source and the crossover frequency of PBA. They also significantly produced greater 3D LEV than the 7-channel 3D stimuli. For the preference tests, the PBA stimuli were significantly preferred over the original 9-channel stimuli.
Maternal Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Infant Social, Mental, and Motor Development

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant social problem associated with developmental difficulties in young children. Child developmental and behavioral characteristics were examined from the 9-month data point of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies—Birth Cohort, a prospective nationally representative study. Several findings indicate linear patterns between the amount of prenatal alcohol dosage and sensory regulation, mental, and motor development outcomes. Undesirable social engagement and child interaction were found to be statistically significant at the prenatal alcohol level of one to three drinks per week. Children exposed to four or more drinks per week showed statistically significant and clinically passive behavior on three sensory regulation variables.
A Dual-Band Multiport MIMO Slot Antenna for WLAN Applications

A novel compact dual-band multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for IEEE 802.11 applications is proposed. The antenna operates at 4.9–5.725 GHz with four ports and at 2.4–2.5 GHz with two ports and utilizes a dual-band dual-port MIMO antenna to cover the 2.4/5-GHz bands alongside two single-band antennas to cover the 5-GHz band. This allows simultaneous operation at both WLAN frequencies while having only four ports in total. Isolation between ports is better than 12 dB and is achieved with no reconfigurable elements. The overall antenna size is compact, occupying <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$46\,\times 20\,\times 1.6\:\mathrm{\,\text{mm}^{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and is printed on an FR-4 printed circuit board. The proposed antenna is investigated by simulation and measurement, and results include radiation patterns, efficiency, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters, signal correlations, and branch power ratios between ports. These show that in typical wireless environments, envelope cross correlations of less than 0.3 between the ports are obtained.
Phagocytosis of influenza virus. II. Its occurrence in normal and immune mice.

Summary Phagocytosis of PR8 influenza virus was investigated by injecting large quantities of purified virus intraperitoneally into normal and immune mice. Utilizing the fluorescent-antibody technique to demonstrate intracellular virus, the hemagglutination and infectivity measurements to demonstrate free virus, the following observations were made in normal mice: 1) The virus adsorbed onto the lymphocytes normally present in the mouse peritoneal cavity and agglutinated these cells within a few minutes. 2) Within 1 hr a leukocytic infiltration of neutrophils occurred. Free virus adsorbed onto these cells, agglutinated them in 4 hr while phagocytosis occurred after 16 hr. 3) Virus persisted in the peritoneal cavity for 28 hr. A similar sequence of events occurred in mice with low antibody titers. In mice with high antibody titers phagocytosis of virus could be demonstrated as early as 8 hr after virus injection, while infective virus remained for 12 hr. Leukocytes from these mice contained no infective virus 12 hr after virus injection. The individual contribution of antibody and the leukocytes to the inactivation of the virus remains undetermined.
Immediate Feedback and Opportunity to Revise Answers to Open-Ended Questions

Two experiments examine the psychometric effects of providing immediate feedback on the correctness of answers to open-ended questions, and allowing participants to revise their answers following feedback. Participants answering verbal and math questions are able to correct many of their initial incorrect answers, resulting in higher revised scores. In addition, the reliability of these scores is significantly higher than the reliability of scores based on no feedback. Finally, anxiety is significantly lower following a test section with feedback and revision.
Succinct: Enabling Queries on Compressed Data

Succinct is a data store that enables efficient queries directly on a compressed representation of the input data. Succinct uses a compression technique that allows random access into the input, thus enabling efficient storage and retrieval of data. In addition, Succinct natively supports a wide range of queries including count and search of arbitrary strings, range and wildcard queries. What differentiates Succinct from previous techniques is that Succinct supports these queries without storing indexes -- all the required information is embedded within the compressed representation. Evaluation on real-world datasets show that Succinct requires an order of magnitude lower memory than systems with similar functionality. Succinct thus pushes more data in memory, and provides low query latency for a larger range of input sizes than existing systems.
Promoting interculturality in Spain: assessing the use of the Jigsaw classroom method

This note examines the effectiveness of a program in Spain that uses the Jigsaw learning technique as an educational intervention. We used a quasi‐experimental research design with two groups, two measures and an independent variable (the program). Use of the Jigsaw technique is shown to have been fairly effective on a series of measures.
Protein denaturation in intact hepatocytes and isolated cellular organelles during heat shock

There is circumstantial evidence that protein denaturation occurs in cells during heat shock at hyperthermic temperatures and that denatured or damaged protein is the primary inducer of the heat shock response. However, there is no direct evidence regarding the extent of denaturation of normal cellular proteins during heat shock. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most direct method of monitoring protein denaturation or unfolding. Due to the fundamental parameter measured, heat flow, DSC can be used to detect and quantitate endothermic transitions in complex structures such as isolated organelles and even intact cells. DSC profiles with common features are obtained for isolated rat hepatocytes, liver homogenate, and Chinese hamster lung V79 fibroblasts. Five main transitions (A-E), several of which are resolvable into subcomponents, are observed with transition temperatures (Tm) of 45-98 degrees C. The onset temperature is approximately 40 degrees C, but some transitions may extend as low as 37-38 degrees C. In addition to acting as the primary signal for heat shock protein synthesis, the inactivation of critical proteins may lead to cell death. Critical target analysis implies that the rate limiting step of cell killing for V79 cells is the inactivation of a protein with Tm = 46 degrees C within the A transition. Isolated microsomal membranes, mitochondria, nuclei, and a cytosolic fraction from rat liver have distinct DSC profiles that contribute to different peaks in the profile for intact hepatocytes. Thus, the DSC profiles for intact cells appears to be the sum of the profiles of all subcellular organelles and components. The presence of endothermic transitions in the isolated organelles is strong evidence that they are due to protein denaturation. Each isolated organelle has an onset for denaturation near 40 degrees C and contains thermolabile proteins denaturing at the predicted Tm (46 degrees C) for the critical target. The extent of denaturation at any temperature can be approximately by the fractional calorimetric enthalpy. After scanning to 45 degrees C at 1 degree C/min and immediately cooling, a relatively mild heat shock, an estimated fraction denaturation of 4-7% is found in hepatocytes, V79 cells, and the isolated organelles other than nuclei, which undergo only 1% denaturation because of the high thermostability of chromatin. Thus, thermolabile proteins appear to be present in all cellular organelles and components, and protein denaturation is widespread and extensive after even mild heat shock.
Mutations on the External Surfaces of Adeno-AssociatedVirus Type 2 Capsids That Affect Transduction andNeutralization

ABSTRACT Mutations were made at 64 positions on the external surface of the adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) capsid in regions expected to bind antibodies. The 127 mutations included 57 single alanine substitutions, 41 single nonalanine substitutions, 27 multiple mutations, and 2 insertions. Mutants were assayed for capsid synthesis, heparin binding, in vitro transduction, and binding and neutralization by murine monoclonal and human polyclonal antibodies. All mutants made capsid proteins within a level about 20-fold of that made by the wild type. All but seven mutants bound heparin as well as the wild type. Forty-two mutants transduced human cells at least as well as the wild type, and 10 mutants increased transducing activity up to ninefold more than the wild type. Eighteen adjacent alanine substitutions diminished transduction from 10- to 100,000-fold but had no effect on heparin binding and define an area (dead zone) required for transduction that is distinct from the previously characterized heparin receptor binding site. Mutations that reduced binding and neutralization by a murine monoclonal antibody (A20) were localized, while mutations that reduced neutralization by individual human sera or by pooled human, intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) were dispersed over a larger area. Mutations that reduced binding by A20 also reduced neutralization. However, a mutation that reduced the binding of IVIG by 90% did not reduce neutralization, and mutations that reduced neutralization by IVIG did not reduce its binding. Combinations of mutations did not significantly increase transduction or resistance to neutralization by IVIG. These mutations define areas on the surface of the AAV-2 capsid that are important determinants of transduction and antibody neutralization.
Timing of Menarche and First Birth in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in A-Bomb Survivors

Background: The length of the interval between age at menarche and age at first birth is positively associated with breast cancer risk. We examined the risk of breast cancer in atomic bomb survivors to investigate whether women exposed to radiation between menarche and first birth had a higher risk of radiogenic breast cancer than women exposed at the same age but outside this interval. Methods: Women (n = 30,113) were classified into three reproductive status at the time of the bombings (ATB) categories (premenarche, between menarche and first birth, or after first birth). Poisson regression was used to test the primary hypothesis. Results: When the background rate of breast cancer was taken to depend on city, age ATB, and attained age only, the radiation-related excess relative risk (ERR) varied significantly among the three categories (P = 0.049). However, after controlling for significant heterogeneity in the baseline risk of breast cancer between reproductive status ATB groups (P < 0.001), no significant heterogeneity (P = 0.88) was observed in the ERR, with an ERR per Gy of 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-2.75] for women exposed between menarche and first birth ATB, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.22-3.62) and 1.53 (95% CI, 0.63-2.90) for those exposed premenarche or after first birth, respectively. Conclusions: The radiation-associated risk of breast cancer does not vary significantly by reproductive status ATB. Impact: It is possible that radiation exerts similar carcinogenic effects on the breast regardless of its stage of differentiation, or that the differences in radiosensitivity are too small to be detected in this cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(7); 1746–54. ©2010 AACR.
Benchmarking sales staf fi ng ef fi ciency in dealerships using extended data envelopment analysis

a r t i c l e i n f o This study presents an approach to benchmark dealer performance in a business-to-business setting through a rigorous efficiency analysis of sales staff allocation. Using a series of basic and extended data envelopment analysis (DEA) models on data collected from a survey of self-reported financial and statistical information, this research assesses dealer efficiency and compares the efficiency scores to traditional financial benchmarking. Findings support the minimization of outsourcing services that are customer interactive and highly specific to a transaction to differentiate the dealer from its competition. Integrating the results from DEA models, manufacturers obtain a comprehensive view of allocating sales staff to increase dealer efficiency and generating a complementary approach to traditional financial ratio benchmarking in determining best practices to other dealers. Manufacturers monitor independent dealer performance through industry benchmarks using operational ratios (e.g., total revenue per square feet) and financial ratios (e.g., net profit margin) to ensure a consistent and fiscally stable distribution channel. These benchmarks typically represent the average performance, assume non-extreme value distributions, and provide dealers with the opportunity to identify improvement areas by comparing their performance relative to that of similar companies. The practice of encouraging dealers to imitate others leads to mimetic isomorphic behavior in the industry and influences organizational decision-making, accordingly (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). However, such benchmarking approaches might also lead to a paradoxical situation, as the copying of best practices is not likely to be an ideal or feasible improvement avenue for a dealer (White & Dieckman, 2005). Thus, the challenge emerges to deconstruct the system and find a rigorous process, rather than an imitative routine, in order to create a custom metrics solution for a dealership organization. A dealer plays an important role in the sales of complex products by informing customers about the product, working with them to discover the best solution for their needs, and providing them with after-sales support (Sharma & LaPlaca, 2005). To achieve these objectives, sales personnel plays a critical role. Thus, labor expenses constitute a major component of operating expenses for a dealer since sales personnel productivity is a major concern for dealers and their primary manufacturer suppliers (Kuhn, 2005). Some dealers choose to outsource key sales activities to decrease costs, increase flexibility, and hence generate greater personnel productivity measures (Abraham & Taylor, 1996). However, greater productivity does not necessarily mean higher profits. Most often, dealers …
The Great evolution trial: Use of role‐play in the classroom

This article gives both the pedagogic and scientific thinking that guided the construction of a classroom role-play—The Great Evolution Debate. This role-play is about the publication of Darwin's The Origin of Species, which is supposed to be on trial for blasphemy. Historical characters are used to show the range of ideas which were current at that time. The literature on learning history, and on learning about the nature of science, is discussed, leading to an examination of historical empathy as a classroom objective. The reasons for including the various characters in the role-play are explained. The exercise has been used by 15 to 16-year-old students in British high schools with considerable success, and some tentative findings about learning from role-play are drawn from its observation.
A New Adaptive Weighted Mean Filter for Removing Salt-and-Pepper Noise

In this letter, we propose a new adaptive weighted mean filter (AWMF) for detecting and removing high level of salt-and-pepper noise. For each pixel, we firstly determine the adaptive window size by continuously enlarging the window size until the maximum and minimum values of two successive windows are equal respectively. Then the current pixel is regarded as noise candidate if it is equal to the maximum or minimum values, otherwise, it is regarded as noise-free pixel. Finally, the noise candidate is replaced by the weighted mean of the current window, while the noise-free pixel is left unchanged. Experiments and comparisons demonstrate that our proposed filter has very low detection error rate and high restoration quality especially for high-level noise.
The Impact of Military Lifestyle Demands on Well-Being, Army, and Family Outcomes

Adopting M. Segal’s framework, we focused on examining four military lifestyle demands—(1) risk of service member injury or death, (2) frequent relocations, (3) periodic separations, and (4) foreign residence—and their relationships to psychological and physical well-being, satisfaction with the Army, and marital satisfaction. Questionnaire results from 346 spouses living overseas indicated that the impact of separations was negatively related to all four outcomes, while foreign residence was negatively related to physical and psychological well-being, fear for soldier safety was negatively related to physical well-being, and the impact of moving was negatively related to satisfaction with the Army. The results further indicated that perceptions of moving and separations were more important in determining outcomes than were the actual number of moves or separations.