Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Spoilers on the Enjoyment of Short Stories

Recent research has provided evidence that the information provided before a story—a spoiler—may increase the enjoyment of that story, perhaps by increasing the processing fluency experienced during reading. In one experiment, we tested the reliability of these findings by closely replicating existing methods and the generality of these findings by using different stories. We also examined the role of processing fluency in the effect of spoilers by measuring reading time. Finally, we examined the influence of spoilers presented mid-story, after a reader has had a chance to get invested in the story. We found that spoilers presented before a story reduced enjoyment, whereas those presented mid-story had no discernable effect. The difference between our findings and those in the literature are discussed with respect to types of spoilers as well as potentially critical methodological factors.
Agency and Engagement: Older Adults' Experiences of Participation in Occupation during Home-Based Rehabilitation

Background. Participation is considered the main goal of rehabilitation and occupational therapy intervention. This study focuses on older adults' participation in occupations in daily life when receiving home-based rehabilitation. Purpose. To explore how older adults with disabilities participate in daily life subsequent to hospitalization. Methods. A prospective case-orientated design was used, with repeated interviews with three older adults and a constant comparative method of analysis. Findings. Two main categories emerged as the participants' experience of participation: “Continuing to be an agent in daily life” captured the participants' decision making, choosing, and acting in daily life. “Life itself is the agent” identified how the participants, despite their strong wishes to be agents, also could let their participation be directed by their engagement in ongoing daily life. Implications. The findings identified participation as a dynamic engagement ranging from individual agency, including decision-making, choosing, and acting in daily life, to letting life itself be the agent. The emphasis on agency in the participants' experiences challenges rehabilitation professionals to find further means of facilitating the clients' possibilities of being agents in their daily lives.
Production of TGF-β1 as a Mechanism for Defective Antigen-presenting Cell Function of Macrophages Generated in vitro with M-CSF

Background Macrophages generated in vitro using macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 from bone marrow cells (BM-Mp) are defective in antigen presenting cell (APC) function as shown by their ability to induce the proliferation of anti-CD3 mAb-primed syngeneic T cells. However, they do express major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II molecules, accessory molecules and intracellular adhesion molecules. Here we demonstrate that the defective APC function of macrophages is mainly due to production of TGF-β1 by BM-Mp. Methods Microarray analysis showed that TGF-β1 was highly expressed in BM-Mp, compared to a macrophage cell line, B6D, which exerted efficient APC function. Production of TGF-β1 by BM-Mp was confirmed by neutralization experiments of TGF-β1 as well as by real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Addition of anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody to cultures of BM-Mp and anti-CD3 mAb-primed syngeneic T cells efficiently induced the proliferation of syngeneic T cells. Conversely, the APC function of B6D cells was almost completely suppressed by addition of TGF-β1. Quantitative real time-PCR analysis also confirmed the enhanced expression of TGF-β1 in BM-Mp. Conclusion The defective APC function of macrophages generated in vitro with M-CSF and IL-6 was mainly due to the production of TGF-β1 by macrophages.
Nafcillin-Induced Allergic Eosinophilic Cholestatic Hepatitis

A 71-year-old female with no history of liver disease or antibiotic allergy developed jaundice with elevated liver enzymes and eosinophilia following treatment with nafcillin for septic arthritis. Further workup demonstrated hepatocellular dysfunction and liver biopsy showed expansion of portal tracts by lymphocytes and eosinophils consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction. Nafcillin and related antibiotics were withdrawn, and her symptoms resolved 3 months later. We searched PubMed using terms of "nafcillin cholestasis" and "nafcillin hepatitis", and a review of the literature showed other reports of nafcillin-induced hepatitis and cholestasis. Avoidance and on occasion the guarded use of glucocorticoids can lead to recovery from the insult. This case report shows that while rare, nafcillin can cause cholestatic hepatitis through a likely eosinophil-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of this reaction.
Magic cards: a paper tag interface for implicit robot control

Typical Human Robot Interaction (HRI) assumes that the user explicitly interacts with robots. However, explicit control with robots can be unnecessary or even undesirable in certain cases, such as dealing with domestic services (or housework). In this paper, we propose an alternative strategy of interaction: the user implicitly controls a robot by issuing commands on corresponding real world objects and the environment. Robots then discover these commands and complete them in the background. We implemented a paper-tag-based interface to support such implicit robot control in a sensor-augmented home environment. Our initial user studies indicated that the paper-tag-based interface is particularly simple to use and provides users with flexibility in planning and controlling their housework tasks in a simulated home environment.
Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for pigs.

Four experiments involving 225 pigs were conducted to assess the efficacy of a microbial phytase (FINASE, Alko Ltd. Biotechnology, Rajamäki, Finland) produced by Aspergillus niger in corn-soybean meal or dextrose-cornstarch-soybean meal-based diets. In two experiments with growing-finishing pigs, fortified corn-soybean meal diets were formulated to be adequate (.50%) or inadequate (.40 or .30%) in P during the growing phase followed by adequate (.40%) or inadequate (.30%) P in the finishing phase. Mono-dicalcium phosphate was the source of supplemental P. Half the diets were supplemented with phytase (500 phytase units/g). Rate and efficiency of gain and bone breaking strength were decreased when P-deficient diets were fed. Phytase supplementation of the low-P diets restored growth rate and feed:gain to levels that approached those of pigs fed the adequate-P control diet. Bone strength was partially restored to that of the controls. In two additional experiments, pigs were fed low-P basal diets in which all the dietary P came from soybean meal or a corn-soybean meal blend. Both diets contained . 05% available P. Graded levels of monosodium phosphate were added to these diets, up to . 15% added P, to establish a standard curve. Phytase was added to the basal diet at 250, 500, or 1,000 units/g. Growth rate and bone strength improved linearly (P < .01) with added monosodium phosphate and with increasing levels of supplemental phytase. Based on estimates of total and available P intakes, the highest level of phytase (1,000 units/g) increased the bioavailability of the P from 25% in the soybean meal diet to 57% in the phytase-supplemented diet, and from 15% in the corn-soybean diet to 43% in the phytase-supplemented diet. Expressed on the basis of the improvement in phytate P availability, this level of phytase converted approximately one-third of the unavailable P to an available form. The results indicate that the phytase was efficacious in improving the bioavailability of phytate P for pigs.
Code Coverage Measurement for Android Dynamic Analysis Tools

It is common to inspect an Android application using static or dynamic analysis techniques. Most traditional tools adopt static analysis techniques due to its low cost and high performance properties. However, since an inspected target could be obfuscated, it is also common to work with dynamic analysis techniques so that complete runtime information can be obtained to provide in-depth application behavior. Although there are already a lot of tools based on dynamic analysis techniques, the capability of such a tool is unknown. It is straightforward to understand the capability of a dynamic analysis tool by measuring its code coverage. However, to our knowledge, there is not a universal approach for measuring code coverage for all dynamic analysis tools, especially when a tool is only accessible remotely. In this paper, we propose an approach to measure code coverage for dynamic analysis tools. We design and implement the approach to measure code coverage for both online and off-line dynamic analysis tools. We then pick online tools including ABM, Anubis, Copper Droid, Tracedroid, as well as off-line tools including standard Android emulator, Droid Box, and Droid Scope. Our measurement results show that the average coverage rate for each tool lies between 20% and 60%. We believe that our approach can provide more information for researchers and developers to better understand and improve the capability of dynamic analysis techniques.
Surgical repair of aortico-left ventricular tunnel: report of two cases

Two girls aged 1 and 15 years with heart murmurs were diagnosed with aortico-left ventricular tunnel. In the 1-year-old, the tunnel had an intracardiac aneurysm within the right ventricular outflow tract; both openings were closed The 15-year-old had no aneurysmal dilatation, but she had mild aortic regurgitation; the aortic opening of the tunnel was closed with a patch. Both girls had uneventful postoperative courses with excellent early results.
English-Language Latino Themed Programming and Social Identity: The Relationship Between Viewing and Self-Esteem among Latina/os

ABSTRACT English-language Latino-themed programming (ELLTP) incorporates ethnocultural content reminiscent of Latina/os TV viewers’ social identity. Grounded in a social identity approach, the present study explored the relationship between Latina/os’ viewing of identity categories embedded in ELLTP and self-esteem. A voluntary survey of 426 self-identified Latina/os generally found a positive relationship between identity categories and self-esteem shifts, either at a personal or collective level. The overall results suggest that consuming in-group ethnic media content can satiate social identity gratifications among ELLTP Latina/o viewers, specifically pertaining to self-esteem maintenance.
Two-Stage Block-Based Whitened Principal Component Analysis with Application to Single Sample Face Recognition

In the task of face recognition, a challenging issue is the one sample problem, namely, there is only one training sample per person. Principal component analysis (PCA) seeks a low-dimensional representation that maximizes the global scatter of the training samples, and thus is suitable for one sample problem. However, standard PCA is sensitive to the outliers and emphasizes more on the relatively distant sample pairs, which implies that the close samples belonging to different classes tend to be merged together. In this paper, we propose two-stage block-based whitened PCA (TS-BWPCA) to address this problem. For a specific probe image, in the first stage, we seek the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NNs) in the whitened PCA space and thus exclude most of samples which are distant to the probe. In the second stage, we maximize the “local” scatter by performing whitened PCA on the K nearest samples, which could explore the most discriminative information for similar classes. Moreover, block-based scheme is incorporated to address the small sample problem. This two-stage process is actually a coarse-to-fine scheme that can maximize both global and local scatter, and thus overcomes the aforementioned shortcomings of PCA. Experimental results on FERET face database show that our proposed algorithm is better than several representative approaches.
The Effect of Post-Event Processing on Mood, Self-Beliefs, and Interpretive Biases

Cognitive models of social phobia (e.g., Clark & Wells, 1995; Hoffman, 2007) propose that post-event processing (PEP), the act of engaging in a negatively-biased analysis of a prior social situation, contributes to the maintenance of this disorder. The current study examined the effects of engaging in a cognitive-based, abstract-evaluative form of PEP (AE-PEP) on affect and cognition in and high and low socially anxious individuals. In addition, a novel ambiguous social-interaction task was used to maximise ecological relevance. Participants engaged in either AE-PEP or distraction following a discussion group interaction. The results demonstrated that compared to distraction, high socially anxious participants that engaged in AE-PEP reported more negative affect, greater endorsement of negative self-beliefs, and greater interpretative biases. Significant effects of AE-PEP over distraction were not observed in low socially anxious individuals. The results provide support for cognitive models of social phobia, indicating that PEP is a key maintaining factor.
Optical Properties of the Fresnoite Ba 2 TiSi 2 O 8 Single Crystal

In this work, using large-sized single crystals of high optical quality, the optical properties of Ba2TiSi2O8 were systematically investigated, including transmission spectra, refractive indices and nonlinear absorption properties. The crystal exhibits a high transmittance (>84%) over a wide wavelength range from 340 to 2500 nm. The refractive indices in the range from 0.31256 to 1.01398 μm were measured, and Sellmeier’s equations were fitted by the least squares method. The nonlinear absorption properties were studied by using the open-aperture Z-scan technique, with a nonlinear absorption coefficient measured to be on the order of 0.257 cm/GW at the peak power density of 16.4 GW/cm2. Such high transmittance and wide transparency indicate that optical devices using the Ba2TiSi2O8crystal can be applied over a wide wavelength range. Furthermore, the small nonlinear absorption observed in Ba2TiSi2O8 will effectively increase the optical conversion efficiency, decreasing the generation of laser damage of the optical device.
Ideology, evidence and competing principles in Australian Indigenous affairs: From Brough to Rudd via Pearson and the NTER

This paper tracks the recent rise of an 'ideology vs evidence' discourse as a way of describing good and bad Indigenous affairs policy. It suggests that a more useful way of thinking about Indigenous affairs is the analytic of three competing principles: equality, choice and guardianship. The paper suggests that dominant debates in Indigenous affairs balance these principles and move between them over time. Using a fourfold categorisation of ideological tendencies, it also suggests that different tendencies of thought about settler society and its relations with Indigenous societies occupy different positions in relation to the three competing principles. Finally, using the work of the Northern Territory Emergency Response Review Board as an example, the paper examines the role of evidence in Indigenous affairs. Evidence, it argues, always needs to be contextualised: it is always a part of arguments or debates and needs to be understood in relation to the much larger issue of balancing competing principles.
Development of Executive Function and Attention in Preterm Children: A Systematic Review

We report on a systematic review of studies of executive function and attention in preterm children. Using meta-analysis, we confirm this is an area of weakness for preterm children, and show that the extent of difficulties is influenced by gestational age (GA), age at test, and skill under investigation. Effect size for selective and sustained attention and inhibition is related to GA. For studies with mean GA ≥ 26 weeks, selective attention skills catch up with age, phonemic fluency skills are increasingly delayed, and ongoing deviance is shown for shifting skills (when assessed with specific measures). Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Systemic TNF administration in psoriatic patients: a promising therapeutic modality for severe psoriasis

SIR, Recent evidence indicates that immLinological mcchyiiisms are Involved in psoriasis find ii variety ofcytokines have been suggested in the pathogenesis of this disorder. ' Tumour necrosis factor (TNF). previously thought to have H narrow range of biological activity, producing a hacmorrhagic necrosis of tumours. -' has now been found to stimulate a variety of cells that arc involved in immune responses. ' We have shown an absence of TNF as well as a decrease in the level of interleukin 1 in lesions of psoriasis. ''•" In autoimmune animal models, replacement therapy with TNF has heen shown to induce a significant delay in the development of lupus
Effects of Light and Temperature on Fatty Acid Production in Nannochloropsis

Accurate prediction of algal biofuel yield will require empirical determination of physiological responses to the environment, particularly light and temperature. One strain of interest, Nannochloropsis salina, was subjected to ranges of light intensity (5–850 μmol m s) and temperature (13–40 °C) and its exponential growth rate, total fatty acids (TFA) and fatty acid composition were measured. The maximum acclimated growth rate was 1.3 day at 23 °C and 250 μmol m s. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) after transesterification to corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). A sharp increase in TFA containing elevated palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) during exponential growth at high light was observed, indicating likely triacylglycerol accumulation due to photo-oxidative stress. Lower light resulted in increases in the relative abundance of unsaturated fatty acids; in thin cultures, increases were observed in palmitoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids (C20:5ω3). As cultures aged and the effective light intensity per cell converged to very low levels, fatty acid profiles became more similar and there was a notable increase of oleic acid (C18:1ω9). The amount of unsaturated fatty acids was inversely proportional to temperature, demonstrating physiological adaptations to increase membrane fluidity. These data will improve prediction of fatty acid characteristics and yields relevant to biofuel production. OPEN ACCESS Energies 2012, 5 732
JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS June 1975 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MARKET-DETERMINED AMD ACCOUNTING-DETERMINED MEASURES OF SYSTEMATIC RISK: SOME FURTHER EVIDENCE

The measurement and determination of risk have received considerable attention in recent years. One measure of risk is systematic risk, defined in terms of the covariance of a security's return with the return from the market portfolio. The relationship is often standardized by dividing the covariance by the variance of return from the market portfolio. Hereafter, this measure of standardized systematic risk shall be referred to as beta. Apart from the issue of the measurement of security risk is the question of the determinants of that risk. In other words, what factors lead to differential betas among securities? Hamada, among others, has shown analyti2 cally that beta will increase as a firm increases its leverage. In an earlier study by Beaver, Kettler, and Scholes (BKS), beta was shown to be empirically associated with several factors, including leverage, earnings variability, payout, and growth, as well as an accounting earnings beta. A 'security's accounting beta is the ratio of the covariance of a security's accounting return series with an economy-wide index of accounting returns
Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin.

Because cobalamin deficiency is routinely treated with parenteral cobalamin, we investigated the efficacy of oral therapy. We randomly assigned 38 newly diagnosed cobalamin deficient patients to receive cyanocobalamin as either 1 mg intramuscularly on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 or 2 mg orally on a daily basis for 120 days. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by measuring hematologic and neurologic improvement and changes in serum levels of cobalamin (normal, 200 to 900 pg/mL) methylmalonic acid (normal, 73 to 271 nmol/L), and homocysteine (normal, 5.1 to 13.9 micromol/L). Five patients were subsequently found to have folate deficiency, which left 18 evaluable patients in the oral group and 15 in the parenteral group. Correction of hematologic and neurologic abnormalities was prompt and indistinguishable between the 2 groups. The mean pretreatment values for serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine were, respectively, 93 pg/mL, 3,850 nmol/L, and 37. 2 micromol/L in the oral group and 95 pg/mL, 3,630 nmol/L, and 40.0 micromol/L in the parenteral therapy group. After 4 months of therapy, the respective mean values were 1,005 pg/mL, 169 nmol/L, and 10.6 micromol/L in the oral group and 325 pg/mL, 265 nmol/L, and 12.2 micromol/L in the parenteral group. The higher serum cobalamin and lower serum methylmalonic acid levels at 4 months posttreatment in the oral group versus the parenteral group were significant, with P < . 0005 and P < . 05, respectively. In cobalamin deficiency, 2 mg of cyanocobalamin administered orally on a daily basis was as effective as 1 mg administered intramuscularly on a monthly basis and may be superior.
Complete Formal Verification of Multi Core Embedded Systems Using Bounded Model Checking

Embedded systems are today frequently used in many applications. Modern designs show a rising complexity, partially including multiple CPU cores. The verification of such systems has to deal with parallel execution of programs and resource conflicts. In this paper we introduce an approach for the formal verification of multi core embedded systems. Bounded model checking is used as the underlying technique. It is shown how it can be applied to the verification of multi core systems ranging from the hardware up to the interaction of multiple cores on the software layer. The approach is demonstrated by the complete verification of a dual core RISC CPU