Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Initial Experience and Comparison of the da Vinci Surgical System With Established Laparoscopic and Open Pediatric Nissen Fundoplication Surgery

Background: Robot-assisted surgery must be evaluated before its acceptance as an option for standard therapy in the pediatric population. Our objective is a comparison of results using the robot system with results for the laparoscopic and open approaches. Methods: Following IRB approval, robot-assisted procedures were case-matched with controls, selected from 1994 to 2005. Data for 150 Nissen cases were divided equally into 3 groups [robot (R), laparoscopic (L), and open (O)], comparing surgical times, length of hospitalization, and outcomes. Results: The average age (R = 117±64 months, L = 107±71 months, O = 85±55 months, P<0.05) and weight (R = 37±23 kg, L = 33±24 kg, O = 24±17 kg, P<0.05) of the open group were lower comparatively. Robot operative times proved significantly longer compared with laparoscopic and open time (R = 160±61 min, L = 107+31 min, O = 73±27 min, P<0.05). The robot had 2 conversions (2/50, 4%), comparable to the laparoscopic conversion rate (1/50, 2%). Open cases resulted in longer hospitalization [R = 2.94±4.5 days, L = 3.54±7.8 days, O = 3.5±2.8, P<0.05]. Complication rates were equivalent between groups. The most common complication with the da Vinci and laparoscopic approaches was tight wrap requiring dilation [R = 4/50 (8%) and L = 3/50 (6%)]. Conclusion: Robot-assisted surgery is equivalent to standard laparoscopic surgery in terms of complications and length of stay, with both having significantly increased operation times but reduced length of stay compared with open surgery. Further experience with this technology is needed to overcome the learning curve and reduce operative times.
Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in relation to myocardial infarct size and collagen formation.

BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels increase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in humans. Experimental data suggest that these cytokines regulate the initiation of scar formation after AMI. We investigated the interrelationships of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, tissue injury, infarct size, cardiac function, and collagen formation in humans. METHODS Serum and plasma samples were taken on 93 patients receiving thrombolytic treatment for their first AMI. Collagen formation was evaluated by measuring concentrations of serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP). RESULTS IL-6 levels increased by 44% (P<.001) and peaked at 24 hours. Peak IL-6 levels correlated positively with area under the curve of creatine kinase MB mass (r=.31, P<.01), peak troponin T level (r=.34, P<.005), and PIIINP measured at discharge (r=.46, P<.001). There were no changes in TNF-alpha levels, and patients with left ventricular dysfunction (EF<40%) had similar TNF-alpha levels as those with preserved left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 may regulate collagen formation and thus remodeling of the left ventricle after AMI. In addition, TNF-alpha measurement is useless in the assessment of infarct size or left ventricular function during the immediate post-infarction period.
Finding Source Code Clones in Intermediate Representations of Java Bytecode

Copied, reused and modified program code is a common phenomena in software development. As the resulting code clones are often not labeled as such and their proper detection is crucial to software quality and re-engineering, numerous techniques and tools for finding code clones have been developed. This as well applies to the Java programming language, though most clone detectors work on Java source code. Only some research addresses code clones in Java Bytecode and an even smaller fraction investigates the relationship between Java source code and Bytecode code clones. In this paper, we extend the source-code based clone detector StoneDetector to Java Bytecode. Using BigCloneBench as state-of-the-art benchmark, we are able to assess and analyze its effectiveness in detecting source code clones in Java Bytecode. We also report on differences in the performance of clone detection for stack-based and register-based representations of Java Bytecode. The results show that, while code clones found in Java source code and Bytecode in general can differ, source code clones can be detected in Java Bytecode with high recall and precision using the presented system.
2-Methoxyestradiol and analogs as novel antiproliferative agents: analysis of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships for DNA synthesis inhibition and estrogen receptor binding.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MEO), a metabolite of estrogen, is an attractive lead compound for the development of novel antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, because it embodies antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities in one molecule. However, the affinity of 2-MEO for the estrogen receptor would lead to undesirable side effects. As a prelude to the design of 2-MEO-like compounds with an optimal activity profile, we assayed 2-MEO and a series of analogs for their ability to cause G(1) cell-cycle arrest (by measuring inhibition of DNA synthesis in human cultured airway smooth muscle) and to inhibit binding of [(3)H]estradiol at the estrogen receptor (ER; from rat uterine smooth muscle). One compound, a diacetoxy enediol derivative, was identified with reasonable potency for DNA synthesis (pIC(50) = 5.97) but showed negligible affinity for the ER (pIC(50) < 5). Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships were developed for these activities using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) techniques. Comparison of optimized CoMFA models revealed distinct structural requirements for DNA synthesis inhibition and ER binding. For example, DNA synthesis inhibition is enhanced by electropositive substitutions in the 2-position below the plane of the steroid A-ring, whereas ER binding is favored by electronegative substitution in this position. Similarly, DNA synthesis inhibition correlates negatively with increased steric bulk in regions clustered around the A and B rings; changes in steric bulk in these regions has little correlation with ER binding. These observations will guide the design of new analogs with improved potency for desired characteristics (e.g., DNA synthesis inhibition) with minimal unwanted activities (e.g., ER binding).
Teachers’ Readiness to Implement Nutrition Education Programs: Beliefs, Attitudes, and Barriers

Teachers’ attitudes about school food environments and their readiness to implement school-based nutrition programs were investigated. A total of 1,436 primary-school teachers filled out a questionnaire on their demographic and professional characteristics and their attitudes, beliefs, and barriers for implementing health educational programs. The transtheoretical model and the stages of change were used to assess teachers’ readiness to accomplish (1) a nutrition education program, (2) a nutrition education program with teachers being role models, and (3) a nutrition program including educational activities. Teachers were classified into three readiness stages: precontemplation, contemplation, and combined action stage. Age, self-perception of health, and barriers—lack of time and information—were associated with being in the contemplation compared to the precontemplation stage for a nutrition education program with teachers as role models. For implementing a program based on educational activities, only lack of information was significantly associated with the likelihood of being in the contemplation stage. Teaching experience appeared as a significant factor positively associated with being in the combined action stage for any type of nutrition education program.
Family business: A fertile ground for research on time, teams and positive organizational study

Further reflecting on the study of organizational behaviour (OB) in family business (FB), this rejoinder piece discusses and integrates the points raised in the three thoughtful commentaries and our original article. We start by highlighting the general agreement between us and the commentators on three points: (1) that family firms are theoretically distinct from non-family firms due to significant involvement of kinship ties in the enterprise; (2) there is paucity of research at the interface of OB and FB and (3) there is an abundance of interesting research questions at this interface with the potential to benefit both domains of study. Next, we discuss and elaborate on the research possibilities on time, teams and positive organizational study, suggested by the commentators. An illustrative list of interesting research questions at the OB–FB interface that extend and enrich our agenda for future research is shared. We conclude that not only is FB a promising context for behavioural scholars to investigate, the timing is perfect for such investigations.
Neutral and Responsive Competence

Terry M. Moe argues that the interests of modern presidents lead them to eschew the “neutral competence” of professional staff agencies for the “responsive competence” more typical of presidential loyalists and the White House staff. This article examines the critical case of the Bureau of the Budget, 1939-1948, an agency that Moe claims faced a Faustian choice between sacrificing neutral competence or failing to respond to presidential needs. The scholarly and historical record indicates that, contrary to Moe’s claims, the agency maintained high levels of both neutral competence and responsiveness to Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman during this period. Moreover, the behavior of both the agency and its presidential clients was “rational” given the agency’s structure and mission and given presidential needs.
Considerations on forwarder selection for opportunistic protocols in wireless networks

Opportunistic Routing gained lots of attention as a way to improve the performance of wireless multi-hop relay mesh networks. The key characteristic is its ability to take advantage of the numerous, yet unreliable wireless links in the network. The most important part of every opportunistic routing protocol is the forwarder selection algorithm. Most of the currently known protocols assume that signal paths from a sender to all candidates are independent to each other and therefore resulting in independent packet error rates. However, this assumption does not hold for spatially close candidates which are not so uncommon in indoor networks. In this paper, we present empirical measurements from our 802.11 indoor test-bed which reveal that signal paths to spatially close nodes are correlated. We believe that the loss in the radio propagation due to shadow fading is similar to spatially close nodes. For our setup we find out that a spatial correlation exists when the nodes are closer than 2 m to each other. We present a candidate set selection algorithm which is able to calculate the packet error rate of a candidate set even when the individual packet error rates are correlated, e.g. due to spatial correlation. Therefore only a simple modification to the existing ordinary link probing is required. Finally, we present modifications we made to our packet-level simulator to respect spatial correlation as well as simulation results.
The Mentor's Perspective: A Qualitative Inquiry and Future Research Agenda

Abstract The present study employed a qualitative research strategy for examining mentoring from the perspective of the mentor. A total of 27 mentors participated in in-depth interviews regarding their experiences as a mentor. The research focused on investigating issues related to the decision to mentor others. To meet this objective, four major areas of inquiry were examined: individual reasons for mentoring others, organizational factors that influence mentoring, factors related to mentor–protege attraction, and outcomes associated with mentoring for the mentor. A number of interesting patterns of results were revealed through content analysis of the interview responses. Based on the results and an integration of other theoretical research, a series of propositions were presented to stimulate future research efforts.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes With Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in People at High Renal Risk: Results From the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND Studies

Background— In the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial (ONTARGET), dual therapy did not reduce cardiovascular or renal outcomes compared with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers alone. Previous controlled trials with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers have demonstrated greater cardiovascular and renal benefit in people with renal risk. We hypothesized that dual therapy would be more effective than monotherapy in patients with low glomerular filtration rate and elevated albuminuria. Methods and Results— Post hoc analysis was performed of renal subgroups of dual therapy versus monotherapy for the ONTARGET study and angiotensin receptor blocker versus placebo for the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND). The studies featured hazard ratios by subgroups and Cox regression models with factors for treatment, subgroup, and interactions. The main cardiovascular outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure, and the main renal outcome was the composite of chronic dialysis or doubling of creatinine. In ONTARGET, there was no cardiovascular or renal benefit from dual over monotherapy in any subgroup, even with low glomerular filtration rate and/or elevated albuminuria. In TRANSCEND, in the comparison of angiotensin receptor blocker with placebo, there was a significant interaction for the main renal outcome (P=0.01) in the direction of harm for patients with normoalbuminuria (0.37 versus 0.16 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 2.35; confidence interval, 1.33 to 4.15) but a trend to benefit with microalbuminuria (0.52 versus 0.89 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.60; confidence interval, 0.25 to 1.46) and macroalbuminuria (1.57 versus 2.60 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.71; confidence interval, 0.21 to 2.44). Conclusions— This post hoc analysis does not support dual therapy over monotherapy in high–vascular risk patients with low glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria. This observation is a post hoc comparison and should be interpreted appropriately. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00153101.
Tracking Phishing Attacks Over Time

The so-called ``phishing'' attacks are one of the important threats to individuals and corporations in today's Internet. Combatting phishing is thus a top-priority, and has been the focus of much work, both on the academic and on the industry sides. In this paper, we look at this problem from a new angle. We have monitored a total of 19,066 phishing attacks over a period of ten months and found that over 90% of these attacks were actually replicas or variations of other attacks in the database. This provides several opportunities and insights for the fight against phishing: first, quickly and efficiently detecting replicas is a very effective prevention tool. We detail one such tool in this paper. Second, the widely held belief that phishing attacks are dealt with promptly is but an illusion. We have recorded numerous attacks that stay active throughout our observation period. This shows that the current prevention techniques are ineffective and need to be overhauled. We provide some suggestions in this direction. Third, our observation give a new perspective into the modus operandi of attackers. In particular, some of our observations suggest that a small group of attackers could be behind a large part of the current attacks. Taking down that group could potentially have a large impact on the phishing attacks observed today.
Sourcebook of family theories and methods : a contextual approach

Overview: Family Theories and Methods (W.J. Doherty et al.). Metatheory and Family Studies (D.M. Klein, J.A. Jurich). The Emergence of Family Theories and Methods: The History of Family Theory (B.N. Adams, S.K. Steinmetz). Comparative Methods in Family Research (G.R. Lee, L. Haas). Family Theories and Methods Emerging During 1918-1929: Symbolic Interactionism and Family Studies (R. LaRossa, D.C. Reitzes). Qualitative Family Research (P.C. Rosenblatt, L.R. Fischer). Family Theories and Methods Emerging During 1930-1945: Quantitative Measurement in Family Research (K.S. Wampler, C.F. Halverston, Jr.). Family Theories and Methods Emerging During 1946-1960: Family Development Theory (R.H. Rodgers, J.M. White). Family Theories and Methods Emerging During 1960-1980: Systems Theories (G.G. Whitechurch, L. Constantine). Family Theories and Methods Emerging During the 1980s: Communication Theory and the Family (M.A. Fitzpatrick, L.D. Ritchie). 17 additional articles. Index.
Leptin replacement therapy modulates circulating lymphocyte subsets and cytokine responsiveness in severe lipodystrophy.

CONTEXT We conducted this study to understand the role of leptin therapy in immunomodulation. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to study lymphocyte subpopulations and in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation during a study evaluating the effects of leptin on metabolic functions in severe lipodystrophy (serum leptin levels < 4 ng/ml). DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted an open-label study with patients serving as their own control at the Clinical Research Center of the National Institutes of Health. PATIENTS Ten patients (age range, 15-63 yr; one male and nine females) with generalized forms of lipodystrophy were studied. INTERVENTION Patients were treated with recombinant human leptin to achieve high normal concentrations for 4 to 8 months. RESULTS Leptin levels increased from 1.8 +/- 0.4 to 16.5 +/- 3.9 ng/dl (P < 0.001), whereas metabolic control improved [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) fell from 9.3 +/- 0.4 to 7.1 +/- 1.4%, P < 0.001, and triglycerides decreased by 45 +/- 11% from a mean of 1490 +/- 710 mg/dl, P = 0.001]. Lymphocyte subsets were studied by flow cytometry at baseline and at 4 and 8 months of therapy. PBMC responsiveness was evaluated by cytokine release and proliferation after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, phytohemagglutinin plus IL-12, lipopolysaccharide, and lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma at baseline and 4 months. Various T lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower than age- and sex-matched controls at baseline; however, the CD4/CD8 ratio was normal. The relative percentages of B lymphocytes and monocytes were elevated, although the absolute levels were normal. Leptin therapy induced significant changes in T lymphocyte subsets, which normalized both the absolute number of T lymphocyte subsets and relative percentages of all lineages. Additionally, in vitro TNF-alpha secreted from PBMC of patients was significantly increased to normal after 4 months of leptin therapy compared with baseline. CONCLUSION These data support existing evidence that leptin has a modest immunomodulatory effect in hypoleptinemic humans.
Profiles of white matter tract pathology in frontotemporal dementia

Despite considerable interest in improving clinical and neurobiological characterisation of frontotemporal dementia and in defining the role of brain network disintegration in its pathogenesis, information about white matter pathway alterations in frontotemporal dementia remains limited. Here we investigated white matter tract damage using an unbiased, template‐based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) protocol in a cohort of 27 patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) representing both major genetic and sporadic forms, in relation both to healthy individuals and to patients with Alzheimer's disease. Widespread white matter tract pathology was identified in the bvFTD group compared with both healthy controls and Alzheimer's disease group, with prominent involvement of uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle and corpus callosum. Relatively discrete and distinctive white matter profiles were associated with genetic subgroups of bvFTD associated with MAPT and C9ORF72 mutations. Comparing diffusivity metrics, optimal overall separation of the bvFTD group from the healthy control group was signalled using radial diffusivity, whereas optimal overall separation of the bvFTD group from the Alzheimer's disease group was signalled using fractional anisotropy. Comparing white matter changes with regional grey matter atrophy (delineated using voxel based morphometry) in the bvFTD cohort revealed co‐localisation between modalities particularly in the anterior temporal lobe, however white matter changes extended widely beyond the zones of grey matter atrophy. Our findings demonstrate a distributed signature of white matter alterations that is likely to be core to the pathophysiology of bvFTD and further suggest that this signature is modulated by underlying molecular pathologies. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4163–4179, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical outcomes of long-acting injectable risperidone in patients with schizophrenia: six-month follow-up from the Electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry in Latin America

Background Risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) has been shown to be efficacious, improve compliance, and increase long-term retention rate on therapy. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of RLAI on clinical outcome and hospitalization rate in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder enrolled in the electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry in Latin America. Methods Data were collected at baseline, retrospectively for the 12 months prior to baseline, and prospectively every three months for 24 months. Hospitalization prior to therapy was assessed by a retrospective chart review. Efficacy and functioning were evaluated using Clinical Global Impression of Illness Severity (CGI-S), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. Relapse and treatment were also registered. Results Patients were recruited in Mexico (n = 53), Brazil (n = 11), and Colombia (n = 15). Sixty-five percent (n = 52) were male, and mean age was 32.9 years. Patients were classified as having schizophrenia (n = 73) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 6). The mean dose of RLAI at six months was 34.1 mg (standard deviation = 10.2 mg). The percentage of hospitalized patients before treatment was 28.2% and 5.1% at six months after initiating RLAI (P < 0.001). Significant changes were registered on CGI-S, GAF, and PSP scores. Conclusions RLAI was associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms and functioning, and a greater reduction in hospitalization.
The evolution of Hofstede's doctrine

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to provide a mature reflection upon the work of Hofstede by tracking various subtleties in the evolution of his thought and dispelling prevalent misconceptions.Design/methodology/approach – The goal of the paper is achieved by analyzing Hofstede's output from 1970 to the present day in parallel with contemporary research and criticism.Findings – The paper arrives at the conclusion that the recent expansion and update of Hofstede's doctrine is indebted to the original groundbreaking work of the 1970s yet a key strength of Hofstede's work has been its ability to adapt and remain progressive.Originality/value – The paper offers insights into the evolution of Hofstede's doctrines.