Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Globalisation, Neoliberalism, and the Reform of Teacher Education in England

Abstract Over the last 30 years, teacher education has become a major area of government policy in many countries around the world. One of the key factors driving this change has been the growing significance of globalisation, “imagined” by most countries as necessitating the pursuit of neoliberal policies. But neoliberalism itself is not static; interpretations vary between different countries and change over time as a result of political processes. This article takes the case of England, focusing in particular on ways in which neoliberal teacher education policies changed and developed during the new Labour administration (from 1997–2010) and are changing again under the present Coalition government. Both administrations have been fundamentally committed to the pursuit of neoliberal policies, but their interpretations of neoliberalism have varied significantly; as a result, their policies on teacher education are also very different. Despite the very real material changes brought about by globalisation, the article concludes by emphasising the significance of national politics in the development of teacher educational policy.
Mivacurium arteriovenous gradient during steady state infusion in anesthetized patients.

BACKGROUND Mivacurium and isomers undergo rapid hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase. As this enzyme is largely distributed, it cannot be excluded that these isomers might undergo peripheral elimination. This hypothesis was investigated in patients by measuring the difference between arterial and venous concentrations under a constant-rate continuous infusion of mivacurium. METHODS During propofol-remifentanil anesthesia, eight adult consenting patients received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.2 mg/kg mivacurium, followed by a constant infusion (3, 5, or 7 microg. kg. min ) into the brachial vein. One hour after starting the infusion, arterial (radial artery) and venous (contralateral brachial vein) blood samples were drawn simultaneously at 15-min intervals for 45 min. Mivacurium isomers and metabolite plasma concentrations were determined by stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the corresponding arterial and venous concentrations, the tissue extraction coefficient as well as total body clearance were calculated. RESULTS During steady state conditions, the venous concentrations of the and isomers were 34 +/- 13% and 42 +/- 11% (mean +/- SD) lower than the corresponding arterial concentrations (P < 0.05), respectively. For the isomer, the difference between venous and arterial concentrations was 3 +/- 4% (P = 0.063). Total body clearances of the and isomers were greater when based on venous sampling (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from a constant infusion of mivacurium depend heavily on the sampling site (arterial or venous) for the rapidly hydrolyzed isomers. These results strongly suggest a significant metabolism of mivacurium within muscle tissue that may account for the large interpatient variability in response to mivacurium.
Replication of Boid Inclusion Body Disease-Associated Arenaviruses Is Temperature Sensitive in both Boid and Mammalian Cells

ABSTRACT Boid inclusion body disease (BIDB) is a fatal disease of boid snakes, the etiology of which has only recently been revealed following the identification of several novel arenaviruses in diseased snakes. BIBD-associated arenaviruses (BIBDAV) are genetically divergent from the classical Old and New World arenaviruses and also differ substantially from each other. Even though there is convincing evidence that BIBDAV are indeed the etiological agent of BIBD, the BIBDAV reservoir hosts—if any exist besides boid snakes themselves—are not yet known. In this report, we use University of Helsinki virus (UHV; a virus that we isolated from a Boa constrictor with BIBD) to show that BIBDAV can also replicate effectively in mammalian cells, including human cells, provided they are cultured at 30°C. The infection induces the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IB), comprised mainly of viral nucleoprotein (NP), similar to those observed in BIBD and in boid cell cultures. Transferring infected cells from 30°C to 37°C ambient temperature resulted in progressive declines in IB formation and in the amounts of viral NP and RNA, suggesting that BIBDAV growth is limited at 37°C. These observations indirectly indicate that IB formation is linked to viral replication. In addition to mammalian and reptilian cells, UHV infected arthropod (tick) cells when grown at 30°C. Even though our findings suggest that BIBDAV have a high potential to cross the species barrier, their inefficient growth at mammalian body temperatures indicates that the reservoir hosts of BIBDAV are likely species with a lower body temperature, such as snakes. IMPORTANCE The newly discovered boid inclusion body disease-associated arenaviruses (BIBDAV) of reptiles have drastically altered the phylogeny of the family Arenavirus. Prior to their discovery, known arenaviruses were considered mainly rodent-borne viruses, with each arenavirus species having its own reservoir host. BIBDAV have so far been demonstrated in captive boid snakes, but their possible reservoir host(s) have not yet been identified. Here we show, using University of Helsinki virus as a model, that these viruses are able to infect mammalian (including human) and arthropod cells. Our results provide in vitro proof of the considerable ability of arenaviruses to cross species barriers. However, our data indicate that BIBDAV growth occurs at 30°C but is inhibited at 37°C, implying that crossing of the species barrier would be hindered by the body temperature of mammalian species.
Wages, Wage Inequality, and Education: The Case of a Microstate with a “Free Education for All” Policy

Like many developing states, Barbados has historically used education as a means of economic development. Specifically, for over three decades, the Barbados Government has provided free education from the primary to the tertiary level. This article investigates the benefits associated with higher education. Based on a sample of 400 Barbadians, the authors find that education has a positive impact on income and contributes to lower within-group wage inequality.
Cultural distance and subsidiary roles in knowledge transfer in MNCs in China

Purpose – A major challenge faced by MNCs is how to manage knowledge transfer between headquarters and subsidiaries located in dissimilar cultural contexts. While the impact of culture on knowledge transfer has been widely acknowledged, an important gap in the literature is how cultural distance (external variable) and subsidiary roles (internal variable) interact in impacting on knowledge flows in MNCs. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrative model to advance understanding of the interaction between cultural distance and subsidiary roles in the knowledge transfer process within MNCs.Design/methodology/approach – An environment‐strategy‐performance framework is developed based on a review of extant literature. A case study is used to substantiate the framework. It was conducted in an MNC in China and involved in‐depth interviews with expatriate and local managers.Findings – Knowledge transfer in MNCs is influenced by external context (cultural distance) and internal mechanisms (subsidiary r.
PERFIL E EXPECTATIVAS DOS INGRESSANTES DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UM ESTUDO EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR DO INTERIOR PAULISTA

O estudo teve como objetivo a analise do perfil e das expectativas dos ingressantes do curso de ciencias contabeis. A populacao da pesquisa totalizou 505 alunos ingressantes do curso de ciencias contabeis, compreendendo dez faculdades de cinco cidades da regiao no noroeste paulista, geograficamente proximas a cidade de Ribeirao Preto. A metodologia do estudo quanto aos objetivos foi de carater descritivo e com relacao aos procedimentos, se deu por meio de levantamento de dados por veiculacao de questionarios online. Os resultados indicam que os ingressantes do curso de Ciencias optam pelo curso, levando em consideracao a influencia das caracteristicas de mercado. As principais funcoes de atuacao futura sao praticamente desconhecidas pelos ingressantes. Com relacao as areas de trabalho, a pesquisa aponta forte tendencia para grandes organizacoes e empreendedorismo contabil. No tocante a renda, o perfil da populacao apresenta renda media abaixo da media Brasil. Entre as dificuldades apresentadas, a mais relevante, indica possiveis deficiencias da lingua inglesa principalmente dos ingressantes advindos do ensino publico.
The Effects of Tastes and Motivation on Individual Income

The author examines the relationship between income and certain tastes and motivation factors using data from a national sample of individuals interviewed as college freshmen in 1971 and then surveyed nine years later. He finds that respondents' drive to achieve and the importance they attached to financial success were positively related to annual income. The extent to which raising a family was valued as a goal did not affect income, at least for full-time workers. The estimated income effects of these tastes and motivation factors vary by gender. For example, a strong desire for financial well-being enhanced income more for men than for women.
Improving Public Service Delivery: The Crossroads Between NPM and Traditional Bureaucracy

This article analyses a New Public Management (NPM) style of reform recently introduced in Portuguese public administration. The reform introduces new organizations to a method of delivering public services called ‘Citizen Shops’ (CS) (Lojas dos Cidadaos). Several public services are concentrated in a single building whose management follows the practices of the private sector concerning service delivery and opening times, rather like a ‘shopping centre’. ‘Citizen Shops’ is a kind of agencification and is an attempt to avoid the constraints of civil service red tape and bureaucratic resistance to change. The author argues that the extent to which new ideas were imported from NPM was limited and constrained by the institutional framework and the culture prevailing in Portuguese bureaucracy. Citizen Shops reproduced the hierarchical and centralized nature of service delivery and followed the traditional patterns of control. The prevailing structure is an important constraint on NPM development.
Bilateral Ptosis in a Child Following Massive Attack by a Swarm of Wasps

Neurological manifestations of wasp sting are rare and the etiopathogenesis is not completely understood. We report a 2-year-old girl who developed bilateral ptosis after multiple wasp stings, which responded partially to pyridostigmine. This is the first reported case of wasp venom-induced ptosis in a child. We discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanisms behind this phenomenon.
The influence of industry downturns on the propensity of product versus process innovation

This article sheds light on how industry fluctuations affect firms’ propensity to innovate. We test two seemingly conflicting arguments that suggest how firms are more or less inclined to engage in innovation activities during industry fluctuations. By studying a panel of 622 Italian manufacturing firms during the period 1995–2003, we show how differentiating between product and process innovation may help reconcile the theory of opportunity cost of innovation with the cash-flow effect argument. We find that industry downturns are related to product and process innovation in different ways: firms tend to invest in product innovation rather than process innovation in downturns. The findings have implications for both theory (showing when the opportunity cost of innovation dominates) and research design (showing the importance of both the input and output measures in innovation studies and how they might influence the results).
The determinants of the step frequency in walking in humans.

The mechanical power spent during walking in lifting and accelerating the centre of mass, Wext, has been measured at three given speeds maintained at different step frequencies: at any given speed, Wext is smaller the greater the step frequency used. The mechanical power spent in accelerating the limbs relative to the centre of mass during walking at a given speed, but with different step frequencies, Wint, was calculated from previous data obtained during free walking (Cavagna & Kaneko, 1977). At a given walking speed, Wint increases with the step frequency. The total power, Wtot = Wext + Wint, reaches a minimum at a step frequency which is 20‐30% less than the step frequency freely chosen at the same period. The step frequency at which Wtot is minimum increases with speed in a similar way to the natural step frequency during free walking.
The impact of the 2004 bank capital announcement on the Nigerian stock market

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the impact of the introduction of the 2004 bank capital requirements on the quoted stock prices on the Nigerian stock market. Design/methodology/approach - Using monthly data over the period January 1986 to December 2006, residual analysis methodology was used to investigate stock price reaction to the 2004 bank capital requirements on the Nigerian stock market. Findings - The results show that the introduction of the 2004 bank capital requirements has a positive impact on quoted securities on the Nigerian stock market. This is reflected in positive abnormal returns from the Nigerian stock market when trading is based on the information from the 2004 bank capital requirements. The results are unaffected by the choice of model. This lends support for the work of Olowe that the Nigerian stock market is inefficient in the semi-strong form. Originality/value - This study provides evidence on the stock price reaction to the introduction of the 2004 bank capital requirements on the Nigerian stock market. The result will have implications for the semi-strong form efficiency of the Nigerian stock market.
Rigid fixation of the lumbar spine alters the motion and mechanical stability at the adjacent segment level.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the motion and stability of the adjacent segment following rigid fixation of the lumbar spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 17 fresh-frozen lamb lumbar spines (including the sacrum to T12). Biomechanical testing was performed using an axial compression testing machine. Axial compression was applied to all the specimens using a loading speed of 5 mm min-1. A specifically designed fixture was used to generate torque ≤8400 Nmm. The fixture was used with each specimen to achieve flexion and extension, axial neutral compression, and right and left bending. All specimens were tested intact, and again after implantation using posterior pedicle screws and rod fixation. During testing intervertebral displacement at the adjacent level (L5-S1) was recorded continuously via extensometry. RESULTS Axial compression and superior-inferior displacement were lower in the adjacent segment (L5-S1) than anterior-posterior displacement following rigid fixation. Statistical analysis showed that there was a numerical difference and a significant change between the intact spine and the adjacent segment in the axial compression and extension positions (p<0.027). The intact spines demonstrated the maximum displacement and the difference in extension positions were significant (p<0.015). CONCLUSION Rigid fixation of the lumbar spine altered the range of motion at the adjacent segment level. As such, abnormal stress on the adjacent segment causes spinal instability, which may subsequently cause facet joint degeneration and low back pain.
The Sources of Growth at Different Stages of Development

Cross-country growth regressions have become an increasingly common tool in empirical development research. But these regressions typically do not attempt to distinguish among countries in different stages of development. Two empirical methods are used to test for such differences. Several of the factors known to affect economic growth are shown to operate differently for countries in different portions of the global income distribution. The results have implications for the role of financial markets, openness and human capital in promoting growth.
Which type of insider transaction is more perceived as a signal by the market

Using a Canadian dataset, we examine the market reaction to insider transactions to discover if the market reacts with greater certainty to specific types of insider trades. Our results suggest that the market reacts mostly to trades carried out by directors or senior officers of the insider company or the subsidiary of the issuer. These results were steady for both sale and purchase transactions. Another interesting result is that, even though the market does not react to sale and purchase transactions by directors, it reacts to purchases by directors if the director is also an administrator of the issuer. Finally, the transaction size only matters if it is a purchase transaction.
The Early Bird Gets the Worm, But the Second Mouse Gets the Cheese: Non‐Technological Innovation in Creative Industries

In the context of economic turmoil, firms in the creative industries (CIs) must make fast decisions as to when to break through with innovations. This paper discusses non‐technological, organizational innovation of early‐adopters, first movers and early followers in order to overcome persistent economic decline, and the implication of different strategies for innovation success. The strategic principle of the pioneer's advantage rests on pre‐emption – the premise that ‘the early bird gets the worm’ and this often applies to business model innovation (BMI). ‘But the second mouse gets the cheese’ points at early followers who may have a more systematic, strategic approach towards innovation. Greater understanding of the advantages of each strategic approach and their significance for innovation performance is critical for CIs where unpredictability and the accelerating pace of change pervade the decisions concerning innovation. Drawing on five exemplary cases of archaeological firms in Spain, this paper explores different innovation process dynamics. The study develops a contingency model where pioneers who challenge their current business model, may be outperformed by early followers who incorporate complementary management innovation (MI) initiatives into the BMI.
The global crisis and the implications for developing countries and the BRICs: Is the "B" really justified?

The term BRIC was first coined by Goldman Sachs and refers to the fast-growing developing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China--a class of middle-income emerging market economies of relatively large size that are capable of self-sustained expansion. Their combined economies could exceed the combined economies of today's richest countries by 2050. However, there are concerns about how the current financial crisis will affect the BRICs, and Goldman has questioned whether Brazil should remain within this group. Senior Scholar Jan Kregel reviews the implications of the global crisis for developing countries, based on the factors driving global trade. He concludes that there is unlikely to be a return to the extremely positive conditions underlying the recent sharp increase in growth and external accounts. The key for developing countries is to transform from export-led to domestic demand-led growth, says Kregel. From this viewpoint, Brazil seems much better placed than the other BRIC countries.
Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard hybrid (Brassica juncea) under different planting time and row spacing

A field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to evaluate the effect of 3 dates of sowing (October 10, 20 and 30), 3 spacings (30 10 cm, 45 10 cm and 60 10 cm, and 3 mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] hybrids/varieties (Kranti, NRCHB-506 and DMH-1). Yield attributes and seed yield were significantly higher in October 10 sowing compared to delayed sowings. The decrease in seed yield due to sowing on October 20 and October 30 over October 10 was to the tune of 8.7 and 29.2 % during first year and 10.1 and 29.3 % during second year, respectively. The hybrids DMH-1 and NRCHB-506 recorded 36, 35% and 24, 28% higher seed yield respectively, over Kranti. Spacing 45 10 cm had significant effect over 60 10 cm on seed yield during both the years. Hybrid DMH-1 recorded the highest economic returns when sown on Oc- tober 10 at spacing of 45 10 cm. Nutrient uptake followed same trend as seed yield.
Strategic performance in hospitals: The use of the balanced scorecard by nurse managers

Background: The competitive and dynamic health care sector has spurred hospitals into delivering greater flexibility and quality of services while cutting the hospital cost at the same time. However, hospitals differ in the extent to which they achieve these strategic goals. Purposes: This article explores the use of a new management tool-the balanced scorecard-which facilitates managers to meet multiple strategic goals. It also analyzes how nurse managers use the balanced scorecard in an interactive or diagnostic way and its subsequent effect on strategic goal achievement (cost reduction and flexibility). It also examines how "balanced" is the balanced scorecard in terms of financial versus nonfinancial measures. Methodology: Data were collected from a mail survey sent to 218 nurse managers in Spanish public hospitals. A satisfactory response rate was achieved, with 114 (52.29%) useful answered questionnaires. Findings: The results show that younger, more tenured, and clinically trained nurse managers would be more likely to use the balanced scorecard in an interactive way. Conversely, older, less tenured, and administratively trained managers would use it diagnostically. The results also indicate that the balanced scorecard facilitates the cost reduction and flexibility in hospitals only when it is used interactively. Practice Implications: This article provides evidence that not only the technical design of the balanced scorecard matters, but also an appropriate use of the balanced scorecard is paramount for achievement of multiple strategic goals. An effective use of the balanced scorecard requires managers to actively stimulate dialogue and agreement among hospital's staff about desirable financial and nonfinancial performance measures in alignment with multiple strategic goals.