Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomistic modeling and physical comprehension of the effects of implant dose rate on boron activation in pMOSFET S/D

This study is aimed to understand the mechanisms leading to different device behaviors while switching from one type of implanter, which scans a batch of wafers with a spot ion beam, to another one, which scans a single wafer with a ribbon ion beam. Thanks to atomistic simulations, we bring to the fore that the implant dose rate is responsible for the observed mismatch. Increasing the dose rate reduces the amount of interstitials present beyond the amorphous layer. During subsequent annealing, these interstitials first accelerate boron clusters dissolution at projected range, then agglomerate themselves into stable dislocation loops. The latter will in turn deactivate the boron in source and drain region, modifying the electrical characteristics of the device.
Strategic Human Resources Management: Between the Resource-Based View of the Firm and an Entrepreneurship Approach

This working paper is an attempt to illustrate some of the avenues through which Austrian and entrepreneurship theory ideas are further incorporated in management sciences as part of the aforementioned disciplinary evolutions. The paper uses as a vehicle the case of a subfield emerging at the disciplinary boundaries of human resources management theories, theories of the firm and strategy theories of competition: strategic human resources management. In other words, it uses the concrete example of strategic human resources management (SHRM) to show why and how the evolutions in the field may lead to a renewed focus on entrepreneurship and how they reinforce the idea that entrepreneurship is an indispensable element of the intellectual toolbox one uses in management and organization science.
Influence of age and body size on gastrointestinal transit time of radiopaque markers in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To compare gastric emptying time, small-intestinal transit time (SITT), and orocecal transit time (OCTT) of radiopaque markers in dogs varying in age and body size and to determine whether fecal variables (ie, consistency and moisture content) are related to gastrointestinal tract transit times in dogs. ANIMALS 24 eight-week-old female puppies, including 6 Miniature Poodles, 6 Standard Schnauzers, 6 Giant Schnauzers, and 6 Great Danes. PROCEDURE Gastrointestinal tract transit time experiments were performed at 12, 22, 36, and 60 weeks of age. Dogs were fed 30 small radiopaque markers mixed with a meal. Abdominal radiographs were taken. The time at which 50% of the markers had left the stomach (T50) and the time at which the first marker reached the colon were calculated. Fecal moisture content and scoring on the basis of fecal consistency were recorded during the same periods. RESULTS Puppies had a shorter mean T50 than adults, and mean OCTT decreased significantly only during growth of large-breed dogs. However mean fecal moisture content significantly increased with age, except in Giant Schnauzers. No effect of body size on T50 was found regardless of age, and no difference was observed between OCTT of small- and large-breed adult dogs. The effect of age on the mean SITT was not significant for any breed. However, a strong positive correlation was recorded between body size and fecal moisture content (r2 = 0.77) or fecal scores (r2 = 0.69) in adult dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Age affects T50 in small- and large-breed dogs and OCTT in large-breed dogs. However, body size does not affect T50 or OCTT. A relationship does not exist between gastrointestinal tract transit time and fecal variables in healthy dogs.
Organizational Form and Performance: Evidence from the Hotel Industry

Abstract We use a unique proprietary panel data set from a large hotel company to study how organizational form affects hotel pricing and performance. Aggregate data patterns suggest sizable performance differences between franchised and company-operated hotels. However, after controlling for other factors, we find that if significant at all, such differences are economically small. Moreover, once we endogenize the choice of organizational form, the differences become insignificant. We conclude that the company chooses which hotels to franchise and operate corporately such that, conditional on hotel and market characteristics, it obtains consistent outcomes across organizational forms.
Fluorometric Studies of Oxidative Metabolism in Isolated Papillary Muscle of the Rabbit

The fluorometric technique for measuring the levels of reduced pyridine nucleotides was used to study oxidative metabolism in isolated rabbit papillary muscle at 23°C. The 100% standard level of tissue fluorescence was defined as that measured for muscles resting in oxygenated 10 mM pyruvate solution. This level increased 15% with anoxia and decreased 45% with stimulation in substrate-free solution. Thus, about one-half of the standard tissue fluorescence was metabolically labile and this labile fraction is suggested to be mitochondrial in origin. Decreased tissue fluorescence following mechanical activity was identified with increased oxidation of mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) owing to stimulation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), released during activity, of mitochondrial respiration. The kinetics of the fluorescence transients were slowed fourfold by removal of pyruvate. This effect was not significantly reversed by addition of 10 mM glucose. The time integrals of the fluorescence transients were linearly related to the amounts of mechanical activity in the presence, but not in the absence, of pyruvate. A positive correlation was observed between the steady-state peak tension at constant stimulus rate and the resting level of reduction of pyridine nucleotides in various media. The fluorometric results are interpreted to be indicative of the steady and transient states established by the substrate dehydrogenases and the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
Introducing Social and Ethical Perspectives on Gene—Environment Research

Sociologists are increasingly involved with the design and execution of studies that examine the interplay between genes and environment, requiring expertise in measurement of both genetic and nongenetic factors. In addition, there are important lessons from a literature, heretofore directed primarily at medical geneticists and clinical researchers, that examines the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of the genomic revolution. This article introduces ELSI perspectives on the challenges that confront investigators who undertake gene—environment research and offers nine recommendations based on this literature. These challenges include assessing how genetic information is understood; minimizing potential risks of harm from participation in gene—environment research; and considering ethical aspects of variable selection, study design, dissemination of study findings, and whether to disclose genetic results to individual participants.
Seasonality of Intraseasonal Variability in Global Climate Models

The tropical intraseasonal (30–90 days) oscillation (ISO) displays distinctive behaviors in boreal summer and winter. How well each mode is simulated in climate models has been investigated; however, very few studies have examined whether these modes are simulated in appropriate season. Here we developed diagnostics to assess this aspect and applied these diagnostics to numerous atmosphere‐only and atmosphere–ocean‐coupled models. We found out that all models share serious biases and that they sometimes incorrectly simulate the boreal summer ISO mode even in boreal winter and underestimate the appearance frequency of the boreal summer ISO in boreal summer. Nearly all atmosphere‐ocean‐coupled models show some improvements in the ISO seasonality representation compared to their atmosphere‐only counterparts. It is suggested that good models for simulating the ISO seasonality have good life cycles for each ISO mode and that an accurate reproduction of the seasonal mean low‐level zonal wind is crucial.
Young People's Heroes in France and Spain

Heroes play collectivist or individualist roles in imagination and self-development. Representations of heroic figures in questionnaires given to French (n = 241) and Spanish (n = 227) samples of 10 and 15-year-olds were examined to assess the extent that heroes originated in digital media, and whether they were proximal or distal personalities. There is strong evidence that heroes in this sample were largely learned about in digital media (France 45%, Spain 50%): family and community heroes were a minority (France 11%, Spain 9%). Male heroes were more important to Spanish participants compared to their French peers. The acquisition sequence for hero type reported in the pre-television era, proximal (family and community) to distal (beyond the neighbourhood), is reversed in this study. Generally, 10-year-olds preferred heroes with collectivist qualities and 15 year olds with individualised qualities. Findings are discussed in terms of the emergence of social capital. Los héroes juegan unos roles colectivistas o individualistas en la imaginación y en el auto-desarrollo. Se examinaron las representaciones de figuras heroicas en los cuestionarios entregados a muestras de niños franceses (n = 241) y españoles (n = 227) de 10 y de 15 años de edad para evaluar hasta qué grado los héroes se originaron en los medios digitales, y si eran personalidades próximas o distantes Existe mucha evidencia de que los niños, sobre todo, se enteraron de los héroes en esta muestra en los medios digitales (Francia 45%, España 50%): los héroes familiares y de la comunidad eran minoría (Francia 11%, España 9%). Los héroes masculinos eran más importantes para los participantes españoles en comparación con sus iguales franceses. La secuencia de adquisición para el tipo de héroe referido en la etapa pre-televisiva, próximo (familia y comunidad) a distante (más allá del barrio), está invertida en este estudio. Generalmente, los niños de 10 años prefieren héroes con cualidades colectivistas y los de 15 años los prefieren con cualidades individualistas. Los resultados se comentan en términos de la emergencia de capital social.
Fast‐and‐Giant Photorheological Effect in a Liquid Crystal Dimer

Mechanically responsive organic materials can change their viscoelastic properties in response to external stimuli. However, materials that exhibit highly contrasting viscoelastic properties coupled with fast and reversible switching between the states involved have remained elusive. Here, it is shown that a nonsymmetric photoresponsive liquid crystal dimer exhibits photoswitching of its viscoelastic properties (shear viscosity, storage, and loss moduli) with remarkable contrast of up to 106 while transitioning between crystal and nematic phases. This switching is reversible and takes less than 100 s for both forward (trans‐cis photoisomerization) and backward (cis‐trans photoisomerization) reactions due to the coexistence of two allotropes containing two types of stereoisomers. This combination of highly contrasting viscoelastic behavior with fast and reversible switching establishes a whole new performance level for mechanically responsive organic materials and offers very considerable application potential in such diverse areas as photoswitchable adhesives, in vibration control, and as novel brakes.
Why Are Older Women Missing in India? The Age Profile of Bargaining Power and Poverty

Almost half of missing women in India are of postreproductive ages. Can intrahousehold gender inequality and asymmetry in poverty explain a portion of these missing women? Using a natural experiment, I link women’s intrahousehold bargaining power to their mortality risk. Using a structural household model, I estimate the age profile of women’s bargaining power and construct women’s relative poverty rates. I find that women’s bargaining power declines with age, with older women’s poverty rates closely matching their mortality rates by age. This suggests that many missing women might be accounted for by measuring poverty at the individual rather than the household level.
A multifrequency waveguide grating laser by selective area epitaxy

We demonstrate a 6 frequency digitally tunable laser based on a waveguide grating router fabricated using selective area epitaxy (SAE). The laser wavelengths span from 1.527 to 1.557 /spl mu/m with 6.4 nm spacings. The bandgap variation in the active layer plane is from 1.352 /spl mu/m for waveguide ribs to 1.605 /spl mu/m for the amplifiers. ASE noise is suppressed by 35 db. These results demonstrate the flexibility of SAE technology for building complete photonic circuits. <<ETX>>
A Hodgkin-Huxley Type Neuron Model That Learns Slow Non-Spike Oscillations

A gradient descent algorithm for parameter estimation which is similar to those used for continuous-time recurrent neural networks was derived for Hodgkin-Huxley type neuron models. Using membrane potential trajectories as targets, the parameters (maximal conductances, thresholds and slopes of activation curves, time constants) were successfully estimated. The algorithm was applied to modeling slow non-spike oscillation of an identified neuron in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. A model with three ionic currents was trained with experimental data. It revealed a novel role of A-current for slow oscillation below -50 mV.
A Dynamic Factor Analysis of the Response of U. S. Interest Rates to News

This paper uses a dynamic factor model recently studied by Forni, Hallin, Lippi and Reichlin (2000) and Forni, Giannone, Lippi and Reichlin (2004) to analyze the response of 21 U.S. interest rates to news. Using daily data, we find that the news that affects interest rates daily can be summarized by two common factors. This finding is robust to both the sample period and time aggregation. Each rate has an important idiosyncratic component; however, the relative importance of the idiosyncratic component declines as the frequency of the observations is reduced, and nearly vanishes when rates are observed at the monthly frequency. Using an identification scheme that allows for the fact that when policy actions are unknown to the market the funds rate should respond first to policy actions, we are unable to identify a unique effect of monetary policy in the funds rate at the daily frequency.
Partial functions and domination

The current work introduces the notion of pdominant sets and studies their recursion-theoretic properties. Here a set A is called pdominant iff there is a partial A-recursive function {\psi} such that for every partial recursive function {\phi} and almost every x in the domain of {\phi} there is a y in the domain of {\psi} with y {\phi}(x). While there is a full {\pi}01-class of nonrecursive sets where no set is pdominant, there is no {\pi}01-class containing only pdominant sets. No weakly 2-generic set is pdominant while there are pdominant 1-generic sets below K. The halves of Chaitin's {\Omega} are pdominant. No set which is low for Martin-L\"of random is pdominant. There is a low r.e. set which is pdominant and a high r.e. set which is not pdominant.
Restoration of rat colonic epithelium after in situ intestinal instillation of the absorption promoter, sodium caprate.

BACKGROUND Sodium caprate (C10) is an oral absorption promoter that is currently in clinical trials as a component of solid dosage forms for poorly permeable small molecules and peptides. Clinical data with zoledronic acid tablets suggest that significant delivery along with acceptable safety can be achieved from a once-a-week dosing regime. C10 has surfactant-like properties at the high doses used in vivo and therefore we examined its effects on rat intestinal epithelium following intestinal instillation. RESULTS Addition of 100 mM concentrations of C10 with the paracellular flux marker, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 kDa, permitted a bioavailability of 33% to be achieved. When C10 was added 10, 30 and 60 min in advance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 kDa, enhancement still occurred, but was progressively reduced. Histology revealed that the permeability increase was likely related in part to superficial epithelial damage caused in the first few minutes of exposure, which was rapidly repaired within 30-60 min. CONCLUSIONS Design of optimized dosage forms containing C10 should corelease the payload and promoter close to the epithelium in high concentrations. While C10 induces some epithelial damage, its remarkable capacity for epithelial repair may render this effect insignificant in vivo.
Does Stellar Feedback Create HI Holes? An HST/VLA Study of Holmberg II

We use deep HST/ACS F555W and F814W photometry of resolved stars in the M81 Group dwarf irregular galaxy Ho II to study the hypothesis that the holes identified in the neutral ISM (HI) are created by stellar feedback. From the deep photometry, we construct color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and measure the star formation histories (SFHs) for stars contained in HI holes from two independent holes catalogs, as well as select control fields, i.e., similar sized regions that span a range of HI column densities. Converting the recent SFHs into stellar feedback energies, we find that enough energy has been generated to have created all holes. However, the required energy is not always produced over a time scale that is less than the estimated kinematic age of the hole. The combination of the CMDs, recent SFHs, and locations of young stars shows that the stellar populations inside HI holes are not coherent, single-aged, stellar clusters, as previously suggested, but rather multi-age populations distributed across each hole. From a comparison of the modeled and observed integrated magnitudes, and the locations and energetics of stars inside of HI holes, we propose a potential new model: a viable mechanism for creating the observed HI holes in Ho II is stellar feedback from multiple generations of SF spread out over tens or hundreds of Myr, and thus, the concept of an age for an HI hole is intrinsically ambiguous. We further find that \halpha and 24 micron emission, tracers of the most recent star formation, do not correlate well with the positions of the HI holes. However, UV emission, which traces star formation over roughly the last 100 Myr, shows a much better correlation with the locations of the HI holes.
Induction and separation of motion artifacts in EEG data using a mobile phantom head device

Objective. Electroencephalography (EEG) can assess brain activity during whole-body motion in humans but head motion can induce artifacts that obfuscate electrocortical signals. Definitive solutions for removing motion artifact from EEG have yet to be found, so creating methods to assess signal processing routines for removing motion artifact are needed. We present a novel method for investigating the influence of head motion on EEG recordings as well as for assessing the efficacy of signal processing approaches intended to remove motion artifact. Approach. We used a phantom head device to mimic electrical properties of the human head with three controlled dipolar sources of electrical activity embedded in the phantom. We induced sinusoidal vertical motions on the phantom head using a custom-built platform and recorded EEG signals with three different acquisition systems while the head was both stationary and in varied motion conditions. Main results. Recordings showed up to 80% reductions in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and up to 3600% increases in the power spectrum as a function of motion amplitude and frequency. Independent component analysis (ICA) successfully isolated the three dipolar sources across all conditions and systems. There was a high correlation (r > 0.85) and marginal increase in the independent components’ (ICs) power spectrum (∼15%) when comparing stationary and motion parameters. The SNR of the IC activation was 400%–700% higher in comparison to the channel data SNR, attenuating the effects of motion on SNR. Significance. Our results suggest that the phantom head and motion platform can be used to assess motion artifact removal algorithms and compare different EEG systems for motion artifact sensitivity. In addition, ICA is effective in isolating target electrocortical events and marginally improving SNR in relation to stationary recordings.
Electrical vehicle: Facing future challenges in quito

Daily Internal Combustion Engine vehicles consume enormous amounts of petroleum derivatives, as a result, the environmental degradation has increased in the current industrialized world. Set in this context, some global initiatives are concerned not only about the decarbonisation of the transport sector but also the proliferation of renewable energies, which have been main factors that have impulse the development of electrical vehicle technologies. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach of benefits and challenges of electric vehicle penetration in Ecuadorian's grids, considering different charging points and strategies, state of charge of electric vehicles, distributed generation and vehicle to grid concept for commercial and residential customers located in a profitable sector of Quito city. Results depict that electric vehicles together with distributed generation could enhance the overall system efficiency operation; however, some politic and technical requirements are needed to achieve this total integration.
Factors influencing incident reporting in surgical care

Objectives: To evaluate the process of incident reporting in a surgical setting. In particular: the influence of event outcome on reporting behaviour; staff perception of surgical complications as reportable events. Design: Anonymous web-based questionnaire survey. Setting: General Surgical Department in a UK teaching hospital. Population: Of 203 eligible staff, 55 (76.4%) doctors and 82 (62.6%) nurses participated. Main outcome measures: Knowledge and use of local reporting system; propensity to report incidents which vary by outcome (harm, no harm, harm prevented); propensity to report surgical complications; practical and psychological barriers to reporting. Results: Nurses were significantly more likely to know of the local reporting system and to have recently completed a report than doctors. The level of harm (F(1.8,246) = 254.2, p<0.001), incident type (F(1.9,258) = 64.4, p<0.001) and profession (F(1,135) = 20.7, p<0.001) all significantly affected the likelihood of reporting. Staff were most likely to report an incident when harm occurred. Doctors were significantly less likely to report surgical complications than other types of incident (15% vs 53%, z = 4.633, p<0.001). Fear was a significantly less important barrier to reporting than other reasons (z = −3.49, p<0.0002). Conclusion: An incident is more likely to be reported if harm results. Surgical complications are not generally perceived to be “reportable incidents,” but they are addressed in Mortality and Morbidity meetings (M&M). Integrating M&M and incident reporting data will result in more comprehensive healthcare safety systems.
Digitizing health care: Welfare technology as a way to meet digital and demographic challenges in Sweden

Digitizing health care takes place in parallel with demographic changes posing one of the greatest social changes of our time. Although modern elderly care has evolved closely related to technological development and evaluated by established methods, digitization places new demands on approaches as a result of its systemic characteristics and its potential to bridge different environments and social contexts and the involvement of elderly users. This paper is paying attention to three challenges: digitizing already existing technological environments; implementing technology in new arenas outside hospitals and laboratories; and the imbalance between perceptions of elderly users and their actual needs and demands. The conclusions point out that digitization provides opportunities to deepen or reflections on technology and implementation, develop multidisciplinary collaborations and enhance proactive engagements to make new technologies work.