Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of the Planet-harboring Star TrES-1

We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of the parent star of the transiting extrasolar planet TrES-1. Based on high-resolution Keck HIRES and Hobby-Eberly Telescope HRS spectra, we have determined abundances relative to the Sun for 16 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, and Ba). The resulting average abundance of = -0.02 ± 0.06 is in good agreement with initial estimates of solar metallicity based on iron. We compare the elemental abundances of TrES-1 with those of the sample of stars with planets, searching for possible chemical abundance anomalies. TrES-1 appears not to be chemically peculiar in any measurable way. We investigate possible signs of selective accretion of refractory elements in TrES-1 and other stars with planets and find no statistically significant trends of metallicity [X/H] with condensation temperature Tc. We use published abundances and kinematic information for the sample of planet-hosting stars (including TrES-1) and several statistical indicators to provide an updated classification in terms of their likelihood to belong to either the thin disk or the thick disk of the Milky Way. TrES-1 is found to be very likely a member of the thin-disk population. By comparing α-element abundances of planet hosts and a large control sample of field stars, we also find that metal-rich ([Fe/H] ≳ 0.0) stars with planets appear to be systematically underabundant in [α/Fe] by ≈0.1 dex with respect to comparison field stars. The reason for this signature is unclear, but systematic differences in the analysis procedures adopted by different groups cannot be ruled out.
Ontogeny of adenosine response in guinea pig heart and aorta.

Effects of maturation on the responses of isolated perfused hearts and aortic rings to adenosine were examined. Dose-response relationships for adenosine were obtained in aortic rings and hearts isolated from immature (5 days) and mature (1-2 mo) guinea pigs. Immature and mature hearts were perfused at constant flows of 9.9 +/- 0.3 and 9.5 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1.g-1, respectively, and displayed basal resistances of 4.8 +/- 0.1 and 6.7 +/- 0.2 mmHg.ml-1.min.g. Immature hearts were more sensitive to exogenous adenosine, displaying a significantly lower 50% effective concentration (EC50, 2.5 x 10(-8) M) than mature hearts (1.1 x 10(-7) M, P less than 0.05). Adenosine induced dilation at a lower threshold dose in immature hearts (3 x 10(-9) M, 6.0 +/- 0.3% relaxation) than in mature hearts (10(-8) M, 3.1 +/- 1.3% relaxation). The time required to elicit 50% of the observed dilation was similar in immature and mature hearts, yet the time required for basal tone to recover by 50% was approximately 100% greater in immature hearts (P less than 0.05). Immature aortic rings, stretched to their optimal resting tensions and contracted with EC85 doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha, displayed a significantly lower EC50 (7.7 x 10(-5) M) than mature rings (1.1 x 10(-4) M, P less than 0.05). The maximum percent response to adenosine was greater in immature vessels (64 +/- 1 vs. 54 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional Convergence of Neurons Generated in the Developing and Adult Hippocampus

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus contains neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that generate neurons throughout life. Developing neurons of the adult hippocampus have been described in depth. However, little is known about their functional properties as they become fully mature dentate granule cells (DGCs). To compare mature DGCs generated during development and adulthood, NPCs were labeled at both time points using retroviruses expressing different fluorescent proteins. Sequential electrophysiological recordings from neighboring neurons of different ages were carried out to quantitatively study their major synaptic inputs: excitatory projections from the entorhinal cortex and inhibitory afferents from local interneurons. Our results show that DGCs generated in the developing and adult hippocampus display a remarkably similar afferent connectivity with regard to both glutamate and GABA, the major neurotransmitters. We also demonstrate that adult-born neurons can fire action potentials in response to an excitatory drive, exhibiting a firing behavior comparable to that of neurons generated during development. We propose that neurons born in the developing and adult hippocampus constitute a functionally homogeneous neuronal population. These observations are critical to understanding the role of adult neurogenesis in hippocampal function.
High Proportion of Male Faeces in Jaguar Populations

Faeces provide relevant biological information which includes, with the application of genetic techniques, the sex and identity of individuals that defecated, thus providing potentially useful data on the behaviour and ecology of individuals, as well as the dynamics and structure of populations. This paper presents estimates of the sex ratio of different felid species (jaguar, Panthera onca; puma, Puma concolor; and ocelot/margay, Leopardus pardalis/Leopardus wiedi) as observed in field collected faeces, and proposes several hypotheses that could explain the strikingly high proportion of faeces from male jaguars. The proportion of male and female faeces was estimated using a non-invasive faecal sampling method in 14 study areas in Mexico and Brazil. Faecal samples were genetically analysed to identify the species, the sex and the individual (the latter only for samples identified as belonging to jaguars). Considering the three species, 72.6% of faeces (n = 493) were from males; however, there were significant differences among them, with the proportion from males being higher for jaguars than for pumas and ocelots/margays. A male-bias was consistently observed in all study areas for jaguar faeces, but not for the other species. For jaguars the trend was the same when considering the number of individuals identified (n = 68), with an average of 4.2±0.56 faeces per male and 2.0±0.36 per female. The observed faecal marking patterns might be related to the behaviour of female jaguars directed toward protecting litters from males, and in both male and female pumas, to prevent interspecific aggressions from male jaguars. The hypothesis that there are effectively more males than females in jaguar populations cannot be discarded, which could be due to the fact that females are territorial and males are not, or a tendency for males to disperse into suboptimal areas for the species.
The Effect of Fibrin Glue on the Intensity of Colonic Anastomosis in the Presence and Absence of Peritonitis: An Experimental Randomized Controlled Trial on Rats

Aim. Anastomotic leakage after colon anastomosis is the most frequent and most feared complication with its highest mortality rate. In this study, we aimed to expose the impact of performing fibrin glue on sutured colocolic anastomosis, in the presence of experimental peritonitis, on anastomosis safety. Method. In this experimental study, the rats were divided into two groups as control group (Groups 1 and 3) and experimental group (Groups 2 and 4). They were also divided as clean abdomen (Groups 1 and 2) and infected abdomen (3 and 4) groups. Full-thickness incisions were made on the proximal colon of both groups of rats. The control group's anastomoses were conducted only with sutures, whereas in experimental group, fibrin glue was applied over the sutures. The samples were taken on the 10th day. Results. Highest values for average levels of hydroxyproline in the tissues and anastomotic bursting pressures were detected when fibrin glue was applied on sutured anastomosis in clean abdomen. In the histopathological staging performed in line with Ehrlich-Hunt model, lowest values were detected during the presence of peritonitis. Conclusion. As a result, it has been established that the use of fibrin glue over sutured colocolic anastomosis, both in clean abdomen and in the presence of peritonitis, had increased anastomosis safety.
Subjective Expectations among Athletes about Coaches in Sport

This study explores junior athletes’ subjective views about what they expect from their coaches in sport. A Q-sample of 36 different opinions about different expectations about coaches, and how these expectations affects athletes’ motivation, performance, focus and emotions, were presented to junior athletes within sport. The Q-sample was presented to 59 junior athletes from different sports such as cross country skiing, biathlon, track and field, football, volleyball, and handball, and they were asked to consider and rank-order the statements through a Q-sorting procedure. The authors will discuss their analysis using Q methodology, where a two factors solution was chosen from the factor analysis. The dominant view among the athletes is that a coach’s motivational tendencies, as feedback, both positive and critical, and social support, are expected from their coaches. Such coach behaviour is expected to affect the athletes’ motivation and performance. Virtually all athletes in the study are associated with this factor. The athletes loading on the other factor is expecting a close and personal relationship with their coaches. The authors will discuss these two factors that emerged from their analysis and behavioral consequences for coaches within sport.
Video Emotion Recognition with Transferred Deep Feature Encodings

Despite growing research interest, emotion understanding for user-generated videos remains a challenging problem. Major obstacles include the diversity and complexity of video content, as well as the sparsity of expressed emotions. For the first time, we systematically study large-scale video emotion recognition by transferring deep feature encodings. In addition to the traditional, supervised recognition, we study the problem of zero-shot emotion recognition, where emotions in the test set are unseen during training. To cope with this task, we utilize knowledge transferred from auxiliary image and text corpora. A novel auxiliary Image Transfer Encoding (ITE) process is proposed to efficiently encode and generate video representation. We also thoroughly investigate different configurations of convolutional neural networks. Comprehensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
Therapist accounts of how cases become long-term in a training clinic.

THERAPIST ACCOUNTS OF HOW CASES BECOME LONG-TERM IN A TRAINING CLINIC MAY 2004 JENNIFER DAVIDTZ, B.A., CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY NORTHRIDGE M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor David M. Todd The present study described recent long-term cases in the PSC, and looked indepth at the process by which five of these cases became long-term. The study used a mostly qualitative, case-oriented methodology to gain insight into therapists' considerations regarding length of treatment, formulation of decisions regarding length of treatment, and the processes by which cases may develop into long-term cases. A brief descriptive analysis of adult psychotherapy cases in the PSC was conducted, suggesting that about one-fifth of cases in this setfing become long term (52 sessions or greater) and that long-term cases constitute about one-third of cases that are open at any given time. From the available long term cases, 12 were considered for interviews. Those 12 cases were systematically reviewed using case records and these data provided the basis for the selection of five cases to be included in the interview stage. The current, or most recent, therapists involved on each of the five cases were interviewed using a set of open-ended questions. A qualitative, theme-based analysis of the data indicated that, for these cases, long-term therapy was rarely stipulated in the initial treatment plan and, when it was, it was seldom accompanied by an explicit rationale. Furthermore, the data suggest that it may be possible to identify client problems or characteristics for which long-term
Family of Origin Theory, Attachment Theory and the Genogram

ABSTRACT Although family of origin theory and attachment theory have their own distinctive conceptual frameworks, this paper argues that both theories can also be understood as different perspectives on the same human experience, the development of attachment and relationship patterns within the womb of the family. Both theories have developed a continuum of attachment patterns. This paper attempts to bridge corresponding attachment patterns and structures a new paradigm for attachment. The genogram is suggested as a more simplified and useful assessment map of attachment patterns. Finally, the paper offers a case study exploring the implications for couple therapy.
Very low resolution face recognition problem

This paper addresses the very low resolution (VLR) problem in face recognition in which the resolution of face image to be recognized is lower than 16×16. The VLR problem happens in many surveillance camera-based applications and existing face recognition algorithms are not able to give satisfactory performance on VLR face image. While face super-resolution (SR) methods can be employed to enhance the resolution of the images, the existing learning-based face SR methods do not perform well on such a very low resolution face image. To overcome this problem, this paper models the SR problem under VLR case as a regression problem with two constraints. First, a new data constraint is design to perform the error measurement on high resolution image space which provides more detailed and discriminative information. Second, discriminative constraint is proposed and incorporated in the training stage so that the reconstructed HR image has higher discriminability. CMU-PIE, FRGC and surveillant camera face (SCface) databases are selected for experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods, in terms of image quality and recognition accuracy.
Emotions–decision-making in sport: Theoretical conceptualization and experimental evidence

We review current evidence on the linkage between emotion and decision-making (DM) in sports, and the appraisal, emotions, and cognitions linkage under temporal and societal pressure. The conceptual framework proposes that perceptions and actions are stored and retrieved from the same representation structure, and thus stimuli are either negatively or positively appraised and evoke emotions, which in turn activate cognitive processes linked to DM. The emotion–cognition congruence concept relies on the notion that neural network in long-term memory is activated when events occur, and influences the capacity of the cognitive system to make the decision for response execution. The quality of this process is considered by us as the underlying mechanism of functioning in or out of the individual or team zone of optimal functioning. We also claim that basic regulations stabilize the action system under conditions which vary in perceived pressure. Using mental routines stabilize the emotional level required to perform the task. Process regulations are used for capturing environmental cues to direct attention selectively, and make the response-selection and DM for action execution. The interface between the two coping regulations influences the quality of both the DM and consequent performance. This concept is applied to individual and team processes alike.
Positivity ratio of flourishing individuals: Examining the moderation effects of methodological variations and chronological age

We tested the relationship between flourishing and positivity ratio while accounting for different measures of affect and rating scale formats. We further examined age-related differences in positivity ratio. Studies 1 and 2 showed that positivity ratio is affected by the measure used, but not by the rating scale format. Study 3 further showed that positivity ratio is higher among older adults. The above pattern of methodological variations was replicated in Study 4 with daily ratings of emotions and in Study 5 where emotions were rated on an extended scale. Study 5 also replicated the aforementioned age effect. Together these studies suggest that positivity ratio is moderated by methodological variants and individual differences, such as chronological age. Future studies should account for these possible moderation effects when exploring the positivity ratio and its relationship to flourishing.
Decoding overlapping memories in the medial temporal lobes using high-resolution fMRI

The hippocampus is proposed to process overlapping episodes as discrete memory traces, although direct evidence for this in human episodic memory is scarce. Using green-screen technology we created four highly overlapping movies of everyday events. Participants were scanned using high-resolution fMRI while recalling the movies. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed that the hippocampus supported distinct representations of each memory, while neighboring regions did not, demonstrating that the human hippocampus maintains unique pattern-separated memory traces even when memories are highly overlapping. The hippocampus also contained representations of spatial contexts that were shared across different memories, consistent with a specialized role in processing space.
Percutaneous transthoracic CT guided biopsies of lung lesions; fine needle aspiration biopsy versus core biopsy

Percutaneous transthoracic CT guided biopsies of lung lesions; fine needle aspiration biopsy versus core biopsy Background. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the results and complication rate in CT guided percutaneous trans-thoracic fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) and core biopsies of lung lesions, and to determine the applicability of these needles. Patients and methods. In 242 patients (166 males; 76 females) with mean age of 58.9 years (13-84 years) CT guided biopsies of lung lesions were performed on dual slice CT equipment. The average diameter of lung lesion was 2.9 cm (1.2-6.3 cm). For FNAB's 20 - 22 G Chiba needles and for core biopsies 14 G biopsy needles were used. The samples were sent for the histological analysis. The cytological or histological results and the eventual complications were compared. Results. FNAB's cytological samples were adequate for definitive diagnosis in 117 patients (79.60 %) and inadequate in 30 patients (20.40 %). Core biopsies samples were adequate in 92 (96.85 %) patients and non-representative (necrotic tissue) in 3 (3.15 %). Pneumothorax as the most frequent complication was detected in 14 (9.7 %) of the patients in the group of FNAB's and in 30 (31.5 %) of the patients with the core biopsy group. Conclusions. The results showed that percutaneous transthoracic CT guided biopsies of lung lesions were an effective and safe procedure in the diagnosis of lung lesions. Core biopsy gives a higher percentage of representative samples than FNAB, and is a preferred method regardless of the higher rate of complications.
Channelled scaffolds for engineering myocardium with mechanical stimulation

The characteristics of the matrix (composition, structure, mechanical properties) and external culture environment (pulsatile perfusion, physical stimulation) of the heart are important characteristics in the engineering of functional myocardial tissue. This study reports on the development of chitosan‐collagen scaffolds with micropores and an array of parallel channels (~ 200 µm in diameter) that were specifically designed for cardiac tissue engineering using mechanical stimulation. The scaffolds were designed to have similar structural and mechanical properties of those of native heart matrix. Scaffolds were seeded with neonatal rat heart cells and subjected to dynamic tensile stretch using a custom designed bioreactor. The channels enhanced oxygen transport and facilitated the establishment of cell connections within the construct. The myocardial patches (14 mm in diameter, 1–2 mm thick) consisted of metabolically active cells that began to contract synchronously after 3 days of culture. Mechanical stimulation with high tensile stress promoted cell alignment, elongation, and expression of connexin‐43 (Cx‐43). This study confirms the importance of scaffold design and mechanical stimulation for the formation of contractile cardiac constructs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (fibrocytes) in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders

Summary Fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that express markers of leukocytes, haematopoietic progenitor cells, and fibroblasts. They play a pivotal role in tissue remodelling and fibrosis in both physiologic and pathologic settings. Fibrocytes are unique in that they are capable of differentiating into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as adipocytes. In this review we will present data supporting the critical role they play in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory fibrotic diseases of the lungs, heart and vasculature.
“Outsider Within” the Station House: The Impact of Race and Gender on Black Women Police

Most of the research on the effects of discrimination on occupational behavior has focused either on race or gender, ignoring the unique social location of black females. Recent feminist scholarship has identified the need for an interactive model articulating the interlocking nature of racial and sexual systems of subordination. This paper examines the interactive effects of race and gender in one male-dominated occupation—police work. Based on in-depth interviews with 106 black and white officers and supervisors from five large municipal agencies, it explores the perspectives, experiences, and structural barriers black women officers face in dealing with white female and black and white male co-workers. This study finds that the combination of their race and gender statuses leads to both unique problems and perspectives for black women. The interaction of racism and sexism results in each form of expression modifying the nature and impact of the other.
When does the socio‐cultural context matter? Communal orientation and entrepreneurs’ resource accumulation efforts in Africa

We examined the effect of entrepreneurs'communal orientation and social capital on entrepreneurs' acquisition of resources, and the cost of raising those resources. Using an errors-in-variables estimation in a sample of 242 Ugandan entrepreneurs from Kampala, we find that shared identity is positively associated with the quantity of resources raised by entrepreneurs, whereas shared identity and communal orientation are associated with a higher cost of raising resources. Further, communal orientation positively moderates the relationship between kin composition and the quantity of resources raised; whereas communal orientation negatively moderates the relationship between trust, shared identity, and resources. In contrast, a high communal orientation is associated with increased cost of raising resources when shared identity is high. These findings reveal that entrepreneurs' socio-cultural contexts, particularly communal orientation, has a moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurs' social capital and resource accumulation. ©2011 The British Psychological Society.
Virtual Team Effectiveness

Although the topic of virtual teams has created interest within the academic and practitioner literature, there is a lack of research on how to teach or train individuals to be effective members of such teams. To address this gap, we developed a virtual team activity that we have been using in our undergraduate business courses for 6 years. The activity is designed such that teams with members from several geographically dispersed universities work together via technology to experience the inherent differences of working within virtual teams. Here, we highlight some of the key facets of the activity as well as modifications we have made to improve the learning experience. We also discuss the debriefing sessions that are provided to classes, several pedagogical issues, and some student feedback that we have received.