Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three C‐terminal residues from the sulphonylurea receptor contribute to the functional coupling between the KATP channel subunits SUR2A and Kir6.2

Cardiac ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are metabolic sensors formed by the association of the inward rectifier potassium channel Kir6.2 and the sulphonylurea receptor SUR2A. SUR2A adjusts channel gating as a function of intracellular ATP and ADP and is the target of pharmaceutical openers and blockers which, respectively, up‐ and down‐regulate Kir6.2. In an effort to understand how effector binding to SUR2A translates into Kir6.2 gating modulation, we examined the role of a 65‐residue SUR2A fragment linking transmembrane domain TMD2 and nucleotide‐binding domain NBD2 that has been shown to interact with Kir6.2. This fragment of SUR2A was replaced by the equivalent residues of its close homologue, the multidrug resistance protein MRP1. The chimeric construct was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and characterized using the patch‐clamp technique. We found that activation by MgADP and synthetic openers was greatly attenuated although apparent affinities were unchanged. Further chimeragenetic and mutagenetic studies showed that mutation of three residues, E1305, I1310 and L1313 (rat numbering), was sufficient to confer this defective phenotype. The same mutations had no effects on channel block by the sulphonylurea glibenclamide or by ATP, suggesting a role for these residues in activatory – but not inhibitory – transduction processes. These results indicate that, within the KATP channel complex, the proximal C‐terminal of SUR2A is a critical link between ligand binding to SUR2A and Kir6.2 up‐regulation.
The Adventure of Relevance: Speculative Reconstructions in Contemporary Social Science

At a time when the institutional and intellectual futures of the social sciences are under threat, there has been growing concern among researchers and policy makers around the question of how to foster and enhance the relevance of their knowledge-practices. This thesis problematises such demands by elaborating a concept of ‘relevance’ that renders it not the product of a subjective act of interpretation, but an event that is part and parcel of the immanent processes by which the facts that compose situations come (in)to matter. By expanding on the work of William Connolly, Gilles Deleuze, John Dewey, Donna Haraway, William James, Michel Serres, Isabelle Stengers and Alfred North Whitehead, among others, I follow the implications of the concept of relevance through a speculative exploration of modes of knowledge-making in contemporary social science. As I show, such an exploration requires a transformation of the ethos with which social scientific inquiries are identified. If the former could be characterised as an ‘ethics of estrangement’ whereby to inquire is to estrange oneself from an apparent reality in order to gain access to a realm of social causes and reasons, an ethos oriented by the concept of relevance must reject that bifurcation of reality and cultivate, instead, a deep empiricism that is both singularly attentive to the coming into matter of the facts that compose a situation, and inventive of propositions that may contribute to the possible transformation of those situations that demand inquiry. It is this latter ethos, one which I call an ‘adventure’, that my thesis develops.
No evidence for involvement of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) A896G and CD14-C260T polymorphisms in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis

Objectives: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a multifactorial and polygenic disease. Apart from HLA, other genes very probably play a role in disease susceptibility. Indigenous bacteria of the gastrointestinal flora appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease; therefore, genes controling the innate and acquired immune response are good candidates to study disease susceptibility. CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are key receptors for the sensing of bacteria. The CD14 C-260T and TLR4 A896G single nucleotide polymorphims are associated with aberrant signal transduction for bacterial agonists. Methods: The distribution of the CD14 C-260T and TLR4 A896G polymorphisms was studied in genomic DNA from 113 unrelated white Dutch AS patients and 170 ethnically matched healthy controls. The diagnosis of AS was made according to the modified New York criteria. The CD14 C-260T and TLR4 A896G polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP methods. Results: No significant differences were found between patients and controls in the frequencies of the carriership of the less frequent CD14-260T allele (odds ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 1.15) or the TLR4 896G allele (1.68; 0.67 to 4.19). Conclusions: There is no evidence for involvement of the CD14 C-260T or TLR4 A896G polymorphisms in susceptibility to AS. An important role of bacteria and genetic predisposition of the innate immune system in cases of AS cannot be excluded by these findings. Therefore, studies of the surprisingly highly polymorphic candidate genes in this field should be continued.
Antecedents and Consequences of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB)

Organizations want and need employees who will do those things that aren’t in any job description. And the evidence indicates that those organizations that have such employees outperform those that don’t. As a result, some human subject studies are concerned with organizational citizenship behavior as a dependent variable. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) means individual behaviors that are beneficial to the organization but not directly recognized by the formal reward system. Though there are research studies that provide the domain of OCB and its effects on the organizational performance but they have varied viewpoints and are inadequate. The present paper is an effort towards this direction. The main objective of the paper is to build grounding for analyzing the impact of OCB on various organizational performance measures through various propositions based on antecedents and consequences of organizational citizenship behavior. The authors have described the antecedents of OCB from comprehensive perspective, which include role clarity, leadership, organizational commitment, organizational justice and individual traits. The impact of these antecedents is correlated with five organizational performance parameters namely reduced turnover, reduced absenteeism, employee satisfaction and loyalty, consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. The paper also stressed on the need to asses the influence of age, gender and experience on OCB, which have been the main lacunae in the existing literature on OCB. Moreover, the present paper proposed an endeavor to incorporate three dimensions viz: age, gender and experience to assess their influence on OCB.
What Do International Asset Returns Imply About Consumption Risk-Sharing?∗ (Preliminary and Incomplete)

An extensive literature has examined the potential risk-sharing gains from international diversification by focusing on models and data based upon consumption relationships across countries. These consumption-based studies have largely ignored the implications of the models for asset pricing moments, leading to counterfactual asset pricing relationships such as low equity premia, high risk free rates, and low volatility of asset returns. These counterfactual predictions in asset returns cast doubt on the ability of the literature to accurately measure gains from risksharing. In this paper, we begin to bridge this disconnect in the literature. We first show how the use of key preference parameters affect both asset return moments and risk-sharing measures. We then use asset return moments to discipline our parameter estimates. Based upon these estimates, we re-examine the gains from international consumption risk-sharing. ∗We thank seminar participants at the Wharton School and the Philadelphia Federal Reserve for valuable comments. †University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School and NBER. E-mail: lewisk@wharton.upenn. edu ‡University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School. E-mail: kkliu@wharton.upenn. edu
Exploring regular expression comprehension

The regular expression (regex) is a powerful tool employed in a large variety of software engineering tasks. However, prior work has shown that regexes can be very complex and that it could be difficult for developers to compose and understand them. This work seeks to identify code smells that impact comprehension. We conduct an empirical study on 42 pairs of behaviorally equivalent but syntactically different regexes using 180 participants and evaluate the understandability of various regex language features. We further analyze regexes in GitHub to find the community standards or the common usages of various features. We found that some regex expression representations are more understandable than others. For example, using a range (e.g., [0–9]) is often more understandable than a default character class (e.g., [\d]). We also found that the DFA size of a regex significantly affects comprehension for the regexes studied. The larger the DFA of a regex (up to size eight), the more understandable it was. Finally, we identify smelly and non-smelly regex representations based on a combination of community standards and understandability metrics.
Nonlegumes Respond to Rhizobial Nod Factors by Suppressing the Innate Immune Response

Stealth Nod Factor Recognition Legumes' symbiotic interaction with nitrogen fixing bacteria supplies the plant with nitrogen. Many important crop plants, however, cannot establish these symbioses and, thus, agriculture depends on externally applied fertilizers. Surprisingly, Liang et al. (p. 1384, published online 5 September) found that several nonleguminous plants, including Arabidopsis, tomato, and corn, were able to respond to the same Nod factors that initiate the microbial symbiosis in soybean. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria dampen immune responses in their plant hosts. Virtually since the discovery of nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium-legume symbioses, researchers have dreamed of transferring this capability into nonlegume crop species (for example, corn). In general, nonlegumes were assumed to lack the ability to respond to the rhizobial lipo-chitin Nod factors, which are the essential signal molecules that trigger legume nodulation. However, our data indicate that Arabidopsis thaliana plants, as well as other nonlegumes, recognize the rhizobial Nod factor via a mechanism that results in strong suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)–triggered immunity. The mechanism of action leads to reduced levels of pattern-recognition receptors on the plasma membrane involved in MAMP recognition.
One donor cornea for 3 recipients: a new concept for corneal transplantation surgery.

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of a single donor corneal tissue in 3 patients with corneal pathologic conditions. METHODS A donor corneal tissue was divided into 3 parts using a microkeratome and a trephine. The anterior lamellar disc was transplanted into a patient with macular corneal dystrophy using the automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty technique. The posterior lamellar disc was transplanted into a patient with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy using the Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty technique. The peripheral corneoscleral rim was used for limbal stem cell transplantation in a child with limbal stem cell deficiency. RESULTS All surgical procedures were performed successfully. At 3 months, the best-corrected visual acuities achieved following automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, and limbal stem cell transplantation were 20/60, 20/40, and 20/200, respectively. CONCLUSION The advent of customized component corneal transplantation techniques may allow the use of 1 donor cornea to treat multiple patients.
Haplotype Diversity and Linkage Disequilibrium at Human G6PD: Recent Origin of Alleles That Confer Malarial Resistance

The frequencies of low-activity alleles of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in humans are highly correlated with the prevalence of malaria. These “deficiency” alleles are thought to provide reduced risk from infection by the Plasmodium parasite and are maintained at high frequency despite the hemopathologies that they cause. Haplotype analysis of “A−” and ”Med“ mutations at this locus indicates that they have evolved independently and have increased in frequency at a rate that is too rapid to be explained by random genetic drift. Statistical modeling indicates that the A− allele arose within the past 3840 to 11,760 years and the Med allele arose within the past 1600 to 6640 years. These results support the hypothesis that malaria has had a major impact on humans only since the introduction of agriculture within the past 10,000 years and provide a striking example of the signature of selection on the human genome.
Modeling metaphor perception with distributional semantics vector space models

In this paper, we present a novel application of a computational model of word meaning to capture human judgments of the linguistic properties of metaphoricity, familiarity, and meaningfulness. We present data gathered from human subjects regarding their ratings of these properties over a set of word pairs specifically designed to exhibit varying degrees of metaphoricity. We then investigate whether these properties can be measured in terms of geometric features of a model of distributional lexical semantics. We compare the performance of two models, our own Concept Discovery Model which dynamically constructs context-sensitive subspaces, and a state-of-the-art static distributional semantic model, and find that our dynamic model performs significantly better in its measurement of metaphoricity.
Light Intermediate Chain 1 Defines a Functional Subfraction of Cytoplasmic Dynein Which Binds to Pericentrin*

The light intermediate chains (LICs) of cytoplasmic dynein consist of multiple isoforms, which undergo post-translational modification to produce a large number of species separable by two-dimensional electrophoresis and which we have proposed to represent at least two gene products. Recently, we demonstrated the first known function for the LICs: binding to the centrosomal protein, pericentrin, which represents a novel, non-dynactin-based cargo-binding mechanism. Here we report the cloning of rat LIC1, which is approximately 75% homologous to rat LIC2 and also contains a P-loop consensus sequence. We compared LIC1 and LIC2 for the ability to interact with pericentrin, and found that only LIC1 will bind. A functional P-loop sequence is not required for this interaction. We have mapped the interaction to the central region of both LIC1 and pericentrin. Using recombinant LICs, we found that they form homooligomers, but not heterooligomers, and exhibit mutually exclusive binding to the heavy chain. Additionally, overexpressed pericentrin is seen to interact with endogenous LIC1 exclusively. Together these results demonstrate the existence of two subclasses of cytoplasmic dynein: LIC1-containing dynein, and LIC2-containing dynein, only the former of which is involved in pericentrin association with dynein.
Relations among Single Mothers’ Awareness of their Adolescents’ Stressors, Maternal Monitoring, Mother-Adolescent Communication, and Adolescent Adjustment

The goal of this study was to examine the relations among mothers’ awareness of their adolescents’ stressors, mother-adolescent communication, maternal monitoring, and adolescent adjustment in single-parent families. Measures of adolescent stress, communication, monitoring, and adolescents’ anxious/depressed and aggressive behaviors were completed by 82 adolescents and their single mothers. The findings indicated that single mothers were aware of about half of their adolescents’ stressors and not as aware of the importance to their adolescents. Adolescents in the group characterized by high stress/low agreement reported more problem behaviors. Moreover, monitoring mediated the relationship between awareness group membership and adolescent adjustment as high agreement groups reported more monitoring and fewer problem behaviors than did low agreement groups. Thus, during early adolescence when adolescent stress increases and family communication and monitoring change, monitoring by single mothers may increase awareness of adolescent stress, which in turn may buffer the negative effects of stress on adolescent adjustment.
Supercooled spin liquid state in the frustrated pyrochlore Dy2Ti2O7

Significance Frustrated magnetic pyrochlore systems, in which there are many possible favored spin configurations, may host a variety of exotic magnetic phases. For example, some models predict that Dy2Ti2O7 hosts a fluid of mobile magnetic “monopoles” that interact via a magnetic Coulomb interaction. Here, we introduce a novel measurement technique that realizes periodic boundary conditions, and use it to examine the magnetization transport dynamics of tori of Dy2Ti2O7. We identify multiple phenomena in the dynamics of Dy2Ti2O7 that are characteristic of a supercooled magnetic liquid approaching a glass transition. This highly unusual classical spin liquid forms in a structurally ordered crystal and therefore it may constitute the approach to a novel magnetic glass state. A “supercooled” liquid develops when a fluid does not crystallize upon cooling below its ordering temperature. Instead, the microscopic relaxation times diverge so rapidly that, upon further cooling, equilibration eventually becomes impossible and glass formation occurs. Classic supercooled liquids exhibit specific identifiers including microscopic relaxation times diverging on a Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) trajectory, a Havriliak–Negami (HN) form for the dielectric function ε(ω,T), and a general Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) form for time-domain relaxation. Recently, the pyrochlore Dy2Ti2O7 has become of interest because its frustrated magnetic interactions may, in theory, lead to highly exotic magnetic fluids. However, its true magnetic state at low temperatures has proven very difficult to identify unambiguously. Here, we introduce high-precision, boundary-free magnetization transport techniques based upon toroidal geometries and gain an improved understanding of the time- and frequency-dependent magnetization dynamics of Dy2Ti2O7. We demonstrate a virtually universal HN form for the magnetic susceptibility χ(ω,T), a general KWW form for the real-time magnetic relaxation, and a divergence of the microscopic magnetic relaxation rates with the VTF trajectory. Low-temperature Dy2Ti2O7 therefore exhibits the characteristics of a supercooled magnetic liquid. One implication is that this translationally invariant lattice of strongly correlated spins may be evolving toward an unprecedented magnetic glass state, perhaps due to many-body localization of spin.
Development of a preliminary scale of counterproductive experiences in supervision: Attitudes of experts in clinical supervision

Clinical supervision serves as the centerpiece in clinical training in which client welfare is assured and professional development is facilitated (Falender & Shafranske, 2004). While it is expected that clinical training be of high quality, some events or experiences may occur in clinical supervision that strain the supervisory alliance, hinder supervisees’ growth, and contribute to a poor experience of supervision, adversely affecting its effectiveness. These events or experiences are considered to be counterproductive experiences (CEs). This study explored the beliefs of 8 experts in clinical supervision regarding CEs in supervision. The study employed Q-sort methodology and completed the first four steps necessary for the development of a preliminary scale of CEs. The results of this study suggest that each of the counterproductive experiences identified in the literature negatively impact supervision in the opinions of the experts. While specific items pertaining to ethical lapses and boundary crossings were found to have the greatest impact on supervision, events involving a mismatch between the supervisor’s and supervisee’s approach to learning were also believed to significantly impact the process of supervision.
A Life Table for Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: Initial Insights Into Ornithischian Dinosaur Population Biology

Very little is known about nonavian dinosaur population biology. Multi‐individual sampling and longevity estimation using growth line counts can be used to construct life tables—the foundation for population analyses in ecology. Here we have determined the size and age distribution for a sample consisting of 80 individuals of the small ornithischian, Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. Their ages ranged from less than a year to eleven years and the distribution was strongly right‐skewed. This is consistent with taphonomic interpretations that these animals derive from a catastrophic death assemblage. The static life table analysis revealed the same general pattern of survivorship as tyrannosaurs including increased attrition before the attainment of full adult size. This may reflect increased physiological demands and/or predation exposure associated with reproduction. Collectively these findings suggest that most nonavian dinosaurs may have had a similar life history strategy. Anat Rec, 292:1514–1521, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a gender bias in recommendations for further rehabilitation in primary care of patients with chronic pain after an interdisciplinary team assessment?

OBJECTIVE To examine potential gender bias in recommendations of further examination and rehabilitation in primary care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain after an interdisciplinary team assessment. METHODS The population consisted of consecutive patients (n = 589 women, 262 men) referred during a 3-year period from primary healthcare for assessment by interdisciplinary teams at a pain specialist rehabilitation clinic. Patient data were collected from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. The outcome was defined as the examination or rehabilitation that was specified in the patient's record. RESULTS Men had a significantly higher likelihood than women of being recommended physiotherapy and radiological examination, and the gender difference was not explained by confounding variables and covariates (age, marital status, ethnicity, education, working status, pain severity, pain interference, pain sites, anxiety and depression). There was no significant gender difference in recommendations to treatment by specialist physician, occupational therapist, psychologist or social worker. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the interdisciplinary teams in specialist healthcare may discriminate against women with chronic pain when physiotherapy and radiological investigation are recommended. The team's choice of recommendations might be influenced by gendered attitudes, but this field of research needs to be studied further.