Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A realistic molecular model of cement hydrates

Despite decades of studies of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), the structurally complex binder phase of concrete, the interplay between chemical composition and density remains essentially unexplored. Together these characteristics of C-S-H define and modulate the physical and mechanical properties of this “liquid stone” gel phase. With the recent determination of the calcium/silicon (C/S = 1.7) ratio and the density of the C-S-H particle (2.6 g/cm3) by neutron scattering measurements, there is new urgency to the challenge of explaining these essential properties. Here we propose a molecular model of C-S-H based on a bottom-up atomistic simulation approach that considers only the chemical specificity of the system as the overriding constraint. By allowing for short silica chains distributed as monomers, dimers, and pentamers, this C-S-H archetype of a molecular description of interacting CaO, SiO2, and H2O units provides not only realistic values of the C/S ratio and the density computed by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation of water adsorption at 300 K. The model, with a chemical composition of (CaO)1.65(SiO2)(H2O)1.75, also predicts other essential structural features and fundamental physical properties amenable to experimental validation, which suggest that the C-S-H gel structure includes both glass-like short-range order and crystalline features of the mineral tobermorite. Additionally, we probe the mechanical stiffness, strength, and hydrolytic shear response of our molecular model, as compared to experimentally measured properties of C-S-H. The latter results illustrate the prospect of treating cement on equal footing with metals and ceramics in the current application of mechanism-based models and multiscale simulations to study inelastic deformation and cracking.
Acne in adult women and the markers of peripheral 3 alpha‐diol G activity

Acne in adult women is a frequent hard‐to‐manage disease with many relapse cases. It mostly interferes with the quality of life of patients, bringing them major metabolic and social losses. As androgenic hormones play a very important role in the acne pathogenesis, the early diagnosis of hyperandrogenic states is very useful for the proper evaluation of each patient and for a better choice of therapeutic management. Defining a pattern for laboratory profile analysis is important for the control of relapses of acne breakouts in adult women, which lately has been the aim of many published studies.
Community Social Context and Individualistic Attitudes Toward Marriage

I develop a theoretical framework explaining how community social context affects attitude formation via nonfamily institutions and related behaviors. Empirical tests of the framework use data from a study of the Chitwan Valley in rural Nepal. The analyses focus on attitudes toward seven aspects of marriage: child marriage, arranged marriage, intercaste marriage, mother-in-law obedience, polygyny, divorce, and widow remarriage. Regression analyses show a dramatic relationship between community social context and attitudes toward these aspects. Individuals whose childhood communities contain schools, employers, markets, and bus service hold more individualistic attitudes toward marriage. Behaviors related to these nonfamily institutions are related strongly to individualistic attitudes. Neighbors' behavior also is related to individualistic attitudes toward marriage, but much more weakly than individuals' own behaviors. I conclude that continuing increases in nonfamily institutions and related behaviors are likely to transform marriage from a family-controlled experience to an experience largely controlled by the individual.
Numerical simulations of dense clouds on steep slopes: application to powder-snow avalanches

Abstract In this paper, two-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of dense clouds moving down steep slopes are presented for the first time. The results obtained are in good agreement with the overall characteristics, i.e. the spatial growth rate and velocity variations, of clouds studied in the laboratory. In addition to the overall flow structure, DNS provide local density and velocity variations inside the cloud, not easily accessible in experiments. The validity of two-dimensional simulations as a first approach is confirmed by the dynamics of the flow and by comparison with experimental results. The interest of the results for powder-snow avalanches is discussed; it is concluded that two-dimensionality is acceptable and that large density differences need to be taken into account in future simulations.
The role of personality in psychotherapists’ careers: Relationships between personality traits, therapeutic schools, and job satisfaction

Abstract This study explored the relationship between psychotherapists' personality traits (i.e., intuition, openness for experience, and need for cognition) and their therapeutic orientation (i.e., insight versus behavior oriented). Results of N = 184 psychotherapists indicate a higher relationship between personality and therapeutic orientation (TO) for the later stages of their careers. Although the TO of therapists? initial psychotherapy training was only explained by their discipline (psychology, medicine) and the TO of their graduate school, their current work as well as the TO of subsequent trainings were predominantly explained by personality traits. Insight orientation was positively correlated with intuition, openess for experience, and need for cognition. The data also reveal that self-employed, open, and psychoanalytically oriented therapists indicated higher job satisfaction. Finally, the congruence between personality and current TO affected job satisfaction.
Dopamine Release in Dissociable Striatal Subregions Predicts the Different Effects of Oral Methylphenidate on Reversal Learning and Spatial Working Memory

Previous data suggest that methylphenidate can have variable effects on different cognitive tasks both within and between individuals. This is thought to be underpinned by inverted U-shaped relationships between cognitive performance and dopaminergic activity in relatively separate fronto-striatal circuits and reflected by individual differences in trait impulsivity. Direct evidence for this is currently lacking. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate administered to young healthy subjects result in different sized changes in D2/D3 receptor availability in different regions of the human striatum and that the change in receptor availability within an individual subregion predicts cognitive performance on a particular task. Methylphenidate produced significantly different effects on reversal learning and spatial working memory tasks within individuals. Performance on the reversal learning task was predicted by the drug-induced change in D2/D3 receptor availability in postcommissural caudate, measured using [11C]-raclopride radioligand PET imaging, whereas performance on the spatial working memory task was predicted by changes in receptor availability in the ventral striatum. Reversal learning performance was also predicted by subjects' trait impulsivity, such that the most impulsive individuals benefited more from methylphenidate, consistent with this drug's beneficial effects on cognition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Treatment of cancer of breast by simple mastectomy and roentgenotherapy.

CANCER of the breast is one of the commonest forms of malignant disease in women. If it is fully treated when still localized, many lives may be saved. The maximum number of lives will be saved by the use of the most effective methods of treatment. So that these may be recognized it is essential that a reliable means of assessment be employed. The very fact that there is still great doubt regarding which method is best suggests that the usual methods of assessment are not reliable. To continue to publish unreliable assessments will only further confuse the issue; much time and energy will be wasted, and many lives may be lost. Some of the present confusion undoubtedly arises from the failure to appreciate that the value of a method of treatment depends not on the results obtained in the treated patients but on the number of lives a method
Fungal soil communities in a young transgenic poplar plantation form a rich reservoir for fungal root communities

Fungal communities play a key role in ecosystem functioning. However, only little is known about their composition in plant roots and the soil of biomass plantations. The goal of this study was to analyze fungal biodiversity in their belowground habitats and to gain information on the strategies by which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form colonies. In a 2-year-old plantation, fungal communities in the soil and roots of three different poplar genotypes (Populus × canescens, wildtype and two transgenic lines with suppressed cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity) were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing targeting the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS) region. The results were compared with the dynamics of the root-associated ECM community studied by morphotyping/Sanger sequencing in two subsequent years. Fungal species and family richness in the soil were surprisingly high in this simple plantation ecosystem, with 5944 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 186 described fungal families. These findings indicate the importance that fungal species are already available for colonization of plant roots (2399 OTUs and 115 families). The transgenic modification of poplar plants had no influence on fungal root or soil communities. Fungal families and OTUs were more evenly distributed in the soil than in roots, probably as a result of soil plowing before the establishment of the plantation. Saprophytic, pathogenic, and endophytic fungi were the dominating groups in soil, whereas ECMs were dominant in roots (87%). Arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity was higher in soil than in roots. Species richness of the root-associated ECM community, which was low compared with ECM fungi detected by 454 analyses, increased after 1 year. This increase was mainly caused by ECM fungal species already traced in the preceding year in roots. This result supports the priority concept that ECMs present on roots have a competitive advantage over soil-localized ECM fungi.
A brief measure of attitudes toward mixed methods research in psychology

The adoption of mixed methods research in psychology has trailed behind other social science disciplines. Teaching psychology students, academics, and practitioners about mixed methodologies may increase the use of mixed methods within the discipline. However, tailoring and evaluating education and training in mixed methodologies requires an understanding of, and way of measuring, attitudes toward mixed methods research in psychology. To date, no such measure exists. In this article we present the development and initial validation of a new measure: Attitudes toward Mixed Methods Research in Psychology. A pool of 42 items developed from previous qualitative research on attitudes toward mixed methods research along with validation measures was administered via an online survey to a convenience sample of 274 psychology students, academics and psychologists. Principal axis factoring with varimax rotation on a subset of the sample produced a four-factor, 12-item solution. Confirmatory factor analysis on a separate subset of the sample indicated that a higher order four factor model provided the best fit to the data. The four factors; ‘Limited Exposure,’ ‘(in)Compatibility,’ ‘Validity,’ and ‘Tokenistic Qualitative Component’; each have acceptable internal reliability. Known groups validity analyses based on preferred research orientation and self-rated mixed methods research skills, and convergent and divergent validity analyses based on measures of attitudes toward psychology as a science and scientist and practitioner orientation, provide initial validation of the measure. This brief, internally reliable measure can be used in assessing attitudes toward mixed methods research in psychology, measuring change in attitudes as part of the evaluation of mixed methods education, and in larger research programs.
Stacked denoising autoencoders for sentiment analysis: a review

Deep learning has been shown to outperform numerous conventional machine learning algorithms (e.g., support vector machines) in many fields, such as image processing and text analyses. This is due to its outstanding capability to model complex data distributions. However, as networks become deeper, there is an increased risk of overfitting and higher sensitivity to noise. Stacked denoising autoencoders (SDAs) provide an infrastructure to resolve these issues. In the field of sentiment recognition from textual contents, SDAs have been widely used (especially for domain adaptation), and have been consistently refined and improved through defining new alternate topologies as well as different learning algorithms. A wide selection of these approaches are reviewed and compared in this article. The results coming from the reviewed works indicate the promising capability of SDAs to perform sentiment recognition on a multitude of domains and languages. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1212. doi: 10.1002/widm.1212
Pleasure Reading and Reading Rate Gains.

This study investigated the effects of (a) the amount of pleasure reading completed, (b) the type of texts read (i.e., simplified or unsimplified books), and (c) the level of simplified texts read by 14 Japanese university students who made the largest reading rate gains over one academic year. The findings indicated that the participants who made the greatest fluency gains read an average of 208,607 standard words and primarily read simplified texts up to the 1,600-headword level. This study also provides an empirically supported criterion for the minimum amount learners should read annually (i.e., 200,000 standard words), provides direct evidence that simplified texts are more effective than unsimplified texts for reading rate development, and is the first study to provide empirical evidence that reading lower-level simplified texts within learners’ linguistic competence is effective for developing the reading rates of Japanese learners at a lower-intermediate reading proficiency level.
Successful recognition of protein folds using threading methods biased by sequence similarity and predicted secondary structure

Analysis of our fold recognition results in the 3rd Critical Assessment in Structure Prediction (CASP3) experiment, using the programs THREADER 2 and GenTHREADER, shows an encouraging level of overall success. Of the 23 submitted predictions, 20 targets showed no clear sequence similarity to proteins of known 3D structure. These 20 targets can be divided into 22 domains, of which, 20 domains either entirely match a previously known fold, or partially match a substantial region of a known fold. Of these 20 domains, we correctly assigned the folds in 10 cases. Proteins Suppl 1999:3:104–111. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acquisition of murine major histocompatibility complex gene products by schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula recovered from the lungs of inbred mice were shown to possess serologically detectable alloantigens on their tegumental surfaces. Using appropriate antisera and infected congenic and recombinant mice as worm donors, gene products of the K and I subregions of the major histocompatibility complex were demonstrated among these alloantigens acquired by the parasites. In contrast, other cell surface alloantigens, such as Thy 1, Ly 1, and H-Y and the serum proteins albumin, C3 and Ig, could not be detected on the surface of lung schistosomula by means of comparable techniques. In another series of experiments, schistosomula recovered from the lungs of mice and reinjected into allogeneic recipients were shown to exchange their alloantigens during an 87-h period of examination. Similarly, lung schistosomula cocultured with allogeneic lymphocytes were shown to acquire major histocompatibility complex (MHC) coded antigens from the cells. It is possible that as acquired host molecules, MHC gene products may disguise the surface of schistosome parasites thereby rendering them insusceptible to immune attack.
System Intervention Problems in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations

On learning that her child was sexually abused, a mother must interact with professionals charged with the implementation of investigations, treatment, and legal remedies. This qualitative study, based on data from three focus groups (n = 19) and open-ended survey questions (n = 40), documents mothers' experiences with these professionals. Mothers report a lack of support from many professionals including receiving poor services, being criticized, insensitivity to their concerns, and being accused of false allegations and state that they have difficulty seeing the “system” as a positive future resource. Mothers reported appreciation for helpful professionals, whom they most often identified as therapists. Determining which mothers are reporting system problems and the effect of negative maternal—system interactions on mother and child outcomes are recommended as follow-up research.
American Political Cultures

This work challenges the thesis first formulated by de Tocqueville and later systematically developed by Louis Hartz, that American political culture is characterized by a consensus on liberal capitalist values. Ranging over three hundred years of history and drawing upon the seminal work anthropologist Mary Douglas, Richard Ellis demonstrates that American history is best understood as a contest between five rival political cultures: egalitarian community, competitive individualism, hierarchical collectivism, atomized fatalism, and autonomous hermitude.
Normal incidence InAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum dot infrared photodetectors with undoped active region

We have performed a comprehensive investigation of n-type quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) based on InAs/GaAs epitaxical island quantum dots (QDs) grown via the innovative punctuated island growth technique. The structural properties of the QDs were investigated with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electronic properties of the QDs inserted in QDIP devices were investigated with photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and intra- and inter-band photocurrent spectroscopy. The influence of AlGaAs layers inserted into the QDIP active regions on the performance of dark current and inter- and intra-band photocurrent was examined. Initial results on intra-band responsivity and detectivity of these QDIPs at 77 K with undoped active region show promise for application.
Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation for Glaucoma Secondary to Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose: To present the outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (AGV) in glaucoma secondary to Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS). Methods: In this retrospective chart review, two definitions of success were used: 6 mmHg ≤intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mmHg (success 1), and 6 mmHg ≤ IOP ≤21 mmHg and at least 25% reduction from baseline (success 2). Depending on the need of postoperative antiglaucoma medication, success was defined as either complete or qualified. Results: In total, 17 eyes of 17 patients were included. Complete success rates (both definitions) were 23.5% (n = 17) after 1 year and 23% (n = 13) after 3 years. Qualified success rates (both definitions) were 58.3% (n = 17) after 1 and 38.4% (n = 13) after 3 years. Encapsulated bleb formation was the most common complication (47% of eyes). Conclusions: AGV was moderately successful in the management of glaucoma secondary to FUS. Success rates are improved by medications, needling, and cycloablative procedures.
Performance of Interior Permanent Magnet Motor Drive over Wide Speed Range

This paper investigates the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive over wide speed range for high-precision industrial applications. The scheme incorporates the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation in constant torque region and the flux-weakening operation in constant power region in order to expand the operating limits for an IPMSM. Improved mathematical expressions are derived to analyze the performances of the IPMSM. The power ratings of the motor and the inverter are considered. The effects of motor parameters particularly, the saliency ratio (Xq/Xd) on the voltage limit constraint, and the power capability of the inverter are also investigated. The efficacy of the above-mentioned drive system and the improved steady-state analysis are evaluated by both experimental and computer simulation results. The complete drive is implemented in real time using digital signal processor (DSP) controller board DS 1102 on a laboratory 1 hp interior permanent magnet synchronous motor.
PmSUC3: Characterization of a SUT2/SUC3-Type Sucrose Transporter from Plantago major Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010967.

Higher plants possess medium-sized gene families that encode plasma membrane–localized sucrose transporters. For several plant species, it has been shown that at least one of these genes (e.g., AtSUC3 in Arabidopsis and LeSUT2 in tomato) differs from all other family members in several features, such as the length of the open reading frame, the number of introns, and the codon usage bias. For these reasons, and because two of these proteins did not rescue a yeast mutant defective in sucrose utilization, it had been speculated that this subgroup of transporters might have sensor functions. Here, we describe the detailed functional characterization and cellular localization of PmSUC3, the orthologous transporter from the Plantago major transporter family. The PmSUC3 protein is localized in the sieve elements of the Plantago phloem and mediates the energy-dependent transport of sucrose and maltose. In contrast to the situation in solanaceous plants, PmSUC3 is not colocalized with PmSUC2, the source-specific, phloem-loading sucrose transporter of Plantago. Moreover, PmSUC3 also was identified in sieve elements of sink leaves and in several nonphloem cells and tissues. Arguments for and against a potential sensor function for this type of sucrose transporter are presented, and the role of this type of transporter in the regulation of sucrose fluxes is discussed.