Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the error probability for a class of binary recursive feedback strategies

The error probability for a class of binary recursive feedback strategies is evaluated. An exact analysis is given for both a nonsequential and a sequential decision strategy. We obtain the interesting result that even for the nonsequential receiver the error probability vanishes exponentially fast at channel capacity. A similar result had been previously obtained by Horstein for the sequential receiver, but was believed to be a consequence of the sequential nature of his decision strategy. For rates below capacity our feedback strategies have two error exponents, i.e., a lower error exponent E^- (R) and an upper error exponent E^+ (R) . The lower error exponent E^- (R) exhibits an anomalous behavior in that E^- (R) increases monotonically from E^- (0) = 0 to E^- (C) = E(C) as the rate R increases from 0 to capacity.
Bcl-2 down-regulation and tubulin subtype composition are involved in resistance of ovarian cancer cells to vinflunine

Vinflunine, a new microtubule-targeting drug, has a marked antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Here, we studied the mechanisms mediating resistance to vinflunine. We investigated the response to vinflunine of ovarian cancer cells initially selected as paclitaxel-resistant cells (A2780-TC1 cells). By comparison with A2780-wild-type (wt) cells, we showed that A2780-TC1 cells were highly resistant to vinflunine, with resistance factors reaching 800 and 1,830 for IC50 and IC70, respectively. We showed that P-glycoprotein minimally participated in this cell resistance. The examination of tubulin composition revealed increased levels of acetylated α-tubulin, βII-tubulin, and βIII-tubulin in A2780-TC1 cells before vinflunine treatment. As a consequence, vinflunine unequally affected microtubule network organization and function in A2780-wt and A2780-TC1 cells. Whereas the drug depolymerized microtubules and induced a mitotic block in A2780-wt cells, it did not depolymerize microtubules and induced a G2 block in A2780-TC1 cells. Elsewhere, the mitochondrial protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated in A2780-TC1 cells. This down-regulation was related to resistance, as A2780-TC1 cells stably transfected with a Bcl-2 construct recovered a partial sensitivity to vinflunine. Lastly, we confirmed the role played by Bcl-2 by showing that the mitochondrial membrane potential was only disrupted by vinflunine in cells expressing Bcl-2. Altogether, our results indicate that modifications acquired during treatment (i.e., paclitaxel) have significant consequences on cell response to the following drug (i.e., vinflunine). Especially, this study shows that a specific pool of tubulin subtypes and a down-regulation of Bcl-2 are associated with resistance of ovarian cancer cells to vinflunine. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(11):2824–33]
Efficacy of three different rotary files to remove gutta-percha and Resilon from root canals.

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of ProTaper Retreatment files, Mtwo Retreatment files and Twisted Files for removal of gutta-percha and Resilon in straight root canals. METHODOLOGY Ninety single root canals were instrumented and randomly allocated into 6 groups of 15 specimens each with regards to the filling material and instruments used. Group 1: gutta-percha/ProTaper; Group 2: Resilon/ProTaper; Group 3: gutta-percha/Mtwo; Group 4: Resilon/Mtwo; Group 5: gutta-percha/Twisted Files; Group 6: Resilon/Twisted Files. For all roots, the following data were recorded: procedural errors, duration of retreatment, canal wall cleanliness through optical microscope and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Data were statistically analysed, and the level of significance was set at P=0.05. RESULTS No system completely removed the root filling material from root canal walls. No significant differences were observed between the rotary systems in terms of the area of filling material left within the canals (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the filling materials: Resilon/Real Seal had less residual material than gutta-percha/AH plus (CBCT: P=0.01; microscope: P=0.018). Mtwo Retreatment files were more rapid when removing filling material than ProTaper Retreatment files (P=0.19) and Twisted Files (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS No system removed the root filling materials entirely. Mtwo Retreatment files required less time to remove root filling material than the other instruments. Resilon was removed significantly better from the canal walls than gutta-percha, irrespective of the rotary instruments used.
Generalized anxiety disorder and anorexia nervosa: evidence of shared genetic variation

Background: Previous studies have indicated a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in women with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the shared genetic and environmental components of these disorders have not been explored. This study seeks to elucidate the shared genetic and environmental components between GAD and AN. Method: Using 2,083 women from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders, structural equation modeling was used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the environmental genetic, shared and unique environmental components in 496 women with GAD, 47 women with AN, 43 women with GAD + AN, and 1,497 women without GAD or AN. Results: Results show that the heritability of GAD was 0.32 and AN was 0.31, and the genetic correlation between the two disorders was 0.20, indicating a modest genetic contribution to their comorbidity. Unique environment estimate was 0.68 for GAD and 0.69 for AN, with a unique environmental correlation of 0.18. All common environmental parameters were estimated at zero. Conclusions: The modest shared genetic and unique environmental liability to both disorders may help explain the high prevalence of GAD in women with AN. This knowledge could help in the treatment and prevention of comorbid disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Latent Structure of the WCST With the Standardization Samples

The underlying latent structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was examined in sets of nonpatient normals and neurologically impaired individuals. Making use of the WCST standardization sample, a factor-analytic procedure was employed to evaluate the instrument's structure. The findings revealed that in normal individuals, the WCST is best described by a unitary factor. In contrast, in neurological patients with either focal or diffuse impairment, performance on this test is primarily explained on the basis of two factors: Problem Solving/Perseveration and Loss of Set. The inclusion of nonperseverative errors on this second factor was more obvious in neurological patients with focal lesions.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cardiomyocytes Interplay to Prevent Myocardial Hypertrophy

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no evidence so far that BMSCs can heal pathological myocardial hypertrophy. In this study, BMSCs were indirectly cocultured with neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) in vitro or intramyocardially transplanted into hypertrophic hearts in vivo. The results showed that isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced typical hypertrophic characteristics of cardiomyocytes were prevented by BMSCs in the coculture model in vitro and after BMSC transplantation in vivo. Furthermore, activation of the Ca2+/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) hypertrophic pathway in NRVCs was abrogated in the presence of BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from BMSCs, but not basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin‐like growth factor 1, abolished the protective effects of BMSCs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Consistently, VEGF administration attenuated ISO‐induced enlargement of cellular size; the upregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β‐myosin heavy chain expression; and the activation of Ca2+/calcineurin/NFATc3 hypertrophic pathways, and these pathways can be abrogated by blocking VEGFR‐1 in cardiomyocytes, indicating that VEGF receptor 1 is involved in the antihypertrophic role of VEGF. We further found that the ample VEGF secretion contributing to the antihypertrophic effects of BMSCs originates from the crosstalk of BMSCs and cardiac cells but not BMSCs or cardiomyocytes alone. Interplay of mesenchymal stem cells with cardiomyocytes produced synergistic effects on VEGF release. In summary, crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes contributes to the inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy via inhibiting Ca2+/calcineurin/NFATc3 hypertrophic pathways in cardiac cells. These results provide the first evidence for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy using BMSCs.
Posttranscriptional osmotic regulation of the sigma(s) subunit of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli

The sigma(s) subunit of RNA polymerase (encoded by the rpoS gene) is a master regulator in a complex regulatory network that governs the expression of many stationary-phase-induced and osmotically regulated genes in Escherichia coli. rpoS expression is itself osmotically regulated by a mechanism that operates at the posttranscriptional level. Cells growing at high osmolarity already exhibit increased levels of sigma(s) during the exponential phase of growth. Osmotic induction of rpoS can be triggered by addition of NaCl or sucrose and is alleviated by glycine betaine. Stimulation of rpoS translation and a change in the half-life of sigma(s) from 3 to 50 min both contribute to osmotic induction. Experiments with lacZ fusions inserted at different positions within the rpoS gene indicate that an element required for sigma(s) degradation is encoded between nucleotides 379 and 742 of the rpoS coding sequence.
Prognosis of STEMI Patients with Multi-Vessel Disease Undergoing Culprit-Only PCI without Significant Residual Ischemia on Non-Invasive Stress Testing

Aims In about 50–80% of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients there is significant atherosclerotic disease in other coronary arteries in addition to the culprit vessel. There is substantial controversy as to the optimal revascularization approach in these patients. We sought to compare the outcomes of STEMI patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD) treated with culprit-only primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) without significant ischemia on subsequent non-invasive testing, to those of STEMI patients with single-vessel disease (SVD). Methods and Results Between 2001–2010, 1,540 consecutive patients treated with primary PCI for STEMI were prospectively observed and entered into a comprehensive clinical database. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), consisting of mortality, re-infarction and revascularization within 1 and 3 years following PPCI (excluding events occurring during the first 30 days). Patients with cardiogenic shock were excluded. The study included 720 patients with SVD and 185 patients with MVD who underwent culprit-only PPCI and had no residual ischemia on subsequent non-invasive stress testing. Patients with MVD were older, more likely to have hypertension or previous MI and less likely to be smokers and present with anterior MI than patients with SVD. One and 3-year MACE rates were similar between the groups. On cox proportional-hazards regression MVD without residual ischemia was not independently associated with MACE and its components. Conclusions STEMI patients with MVD treated with culprit only-PCI without significant residual ischemia on non-invasive stress testing appear to have similar prognosis to STEMI patients with SVD.
Dial D for Distraction: The Making and Breaking of Cell Phone Policies in the College Classroom

Cell phones are nearly ubiquitous in the college classroom. This study asks two primary questions regarding the making and breaking of in-class cell phone policies. In what manner are students using their phones and how can faculty members minimize the potential for phone-related distractions? To answer these questions we analyze original survey data from nearly 400 college students across multiple public and private universities to better understand the students' impulse to use their phones during class. Results from the survey demonstrate that more than 80% of students use their phone at least once per class and that students generally believe this to be an acceptable practice. These student data are supplemented with survey data from close to 100 college faculty to evaluate a range of policy options for dealing with this issue. From this analysis, it is clear that the policies most frequently implemented by instructors are typically perceived by students as the least effective.
Reconstructing the weather on Mars at the time of the MERs and Beagle 2 landings

We reconstruct the temperature, wind and density structure of the atmosphere on Mars from the surface to 120 km altitude at the time of the landing of the two NASA Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), and ESA’s “Beagle 2”. This reconstruction is based on an assimilation of temperature and dust opacity observations from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer aboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft into a general circulation model of the Martian atmosphere and, for the case of the MERs, on retrievals of temperature and density profiles from accelerometer data. For all landers, the reconstruction of the atmospheric state is compared with the climatological state predicted by the European Mars Climate Database (EMCD) for two different prescribed dust scenarios, with added large and small scale variability. This comparison exhibits good agreement for all three landers within the modeled variability, confirming a posteriori the accuracy of the climate forecasts by the EMCD.
‘Low income doesn't mean stupid and destined for failure': challenging the deficit discourse around students from low SES backgrounds in higher education

The discourse around students from low socio-economic backgrounds often adopts a deficit conception in which these students are seen as a ‘problem’ in higher education. In light of recent figures pointing to an increase in the number and proportion of these students participating in higher education [Pitman, T. 2014. “More Students in Higher ed, But it's no more Representative. ” The Conversation 28: 1–4] and an absence of evidence to support deficit thinking, this deficit discourse requires re-examination. Qualitative data from 115 interviews carried out across 6 Australian universities as part of a national study reveal that, contrary to the conception of these students as a ‘problem’, students from low SES backgrounds demonstrate high levels of determination and academic skills and that they actively seek high standards in their studies. This paper critically examines deficit conceptions of these students, drawing on findings from qualitative interviews with 89 successful students from low SES backgrounds and 26 staff members recognised as exemplary in their provision of teaching and support of students from low SES backgrounds. Drawing on these findings, this paper challenges the deficit discourse and argues for a more affirmative and nuanced conception of students from low SES backgrounds.
The assembly of the export apparatus (YscR,S,T,U,V) of the Yersinia type III secretion apparatus occurs independently of other structural components and involves the formation of an YscV oligomer

YscV (FlhA in the flagellum) is an essential component of the inner membrane (IM) export apparatus of the type III secretion injectisome. It contains eight transmembrane helices and a large C‐terminal cytosolic domain. YscV was expressed at a significantly higher level than the other export apparatus components YscR, YscS, YscT, and YscU, and YscV‐EGFP formed bright fluorescent spots at the bacterial periphery, colocalizing in most cases with YscC‐mCherry. This suggested that YscV is the only protein of the export apparatus that oligomerizes. Oligomerization required the cytosolic domain of YscV, as well as YscR, ‐S, ‐T, but no other Ysc protein, indicating that an IM platform can assemble independently from the membrane‐ring forming proteins YscC, ‐D, ‐J. However, in the absence of YscC, ‐D, ‐J, this IM platform moved laterally at the bacterial surface. YscJ, but not YscD could be recruited to the IM platform in the absence of the secretin YscC. As YscJ was shown earlier to be also recruited by the outer membrane (OM) platform made of YscC and YscD, we infer that assembly of the injectisome proceeds through the independent assembly of an IM and an OM platform that merge through YscJ.
Reliable Fusion of Stereo Matching and Depth Sensor for High Quality Dense Depth Maps

Depth estimation is a classical problem in computer vision, which typically relies on either a depth sensor or stereo matching alone. The depth sensor provides real-time estimates in repetitive and textureless regions where stereo matching is not effective. However, stereo matching can obtain more accurate results in rich texture regions and object boundaries where the depth sensor often fails. We fuse stereo matching and the depth sensor using their complementary characteristics to improve the depth estimation. Here, texture information is incorporated as a constraint to restrict the pixel’s scope of potential disparities and to reduce noise in repetitive and textureless regions. Furthermore, a novel pseudo-two-layer model is used to represent the relationship between disparities in different pixels and segments. It is more robust to luminance variation by treating information obtained from a depth sensor as prior knowledge. Segmentation is viewed as a soft constraint to reduce ambiguities caused by under- or over-segmentation. Compared to the average error rate 3.27% of the previous state-of-the-art methods, our method provides an average error rate of 2.61% on the Middlebury datasets, which shows that our method performs almost 20% better than other “fused” algorithms in the aspect of precision.
Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie

Der „Dorsch“, das zentrale deutschsprachige Nachschlagewerk f r psychologische Fachbegriffe, analog zum „Pschyrembel“ f r die Medizin, ist im Sommer 2013 in der 16. Auflage erschienen. 1921 als „Teubners kleines Fachwcrterbuch“ (Fritz Giese, Hrsg.) erstmals mit etwa 2000 Suchbegriffen publiziert, umfasst die aktuelleAuflage etwa 13 000 Stichworte von ber 500 Fachautoren auf 2000 Seiten. 19 zentrale Teilbereiche werden von Gebietsautoren verantwortet und in kurzen Texten berblickshaft vorgestellt. Es handelt sich durchweg um namhafte Vertreter ihres Fachs. Zielgruppe des Lexikons sind Studenten, Wissenschaftler und Praktiker aus den Fachgebieten Psychologie, Psychiatrie und P dagogik, aus verwandten Fachgebieten sowie interessierte Laien. Mit der 16. Auflage wurde neben der Papierversion auch ein Online-Lexikon erstellt, das fortlaufend aktualisiert werden soll. Die Online-Version bietet verschiedene komfortable Suchstrategien, nach einf hrenden Texten zu den 19 Fachgebieten, nach Stichwcrtern oder als Volltextsuche. Sehr hilfreich ist auch die einfache Erstellung und bernahme eines Zitats f r einen Fachbegriff in ein Literaturverzeichnis. F r den Suchtbereich sind zahlreiche Gebietsthemen relevant, von der klinischen Psychologie, biologischen und Neuropsychologie, der Gesundheitsund Entwicklungspsychologie bis zur Diagnostik, Forschungsmethodik und Psychopharmakologie. Gibt man im Online-Lexikon den Suchbegriff „Sucht“ ein, werden drei zentrale Begriffe genannt (Sucht, Suchtkrankenf rsorge und Suchtstoffe), sowie mit der alternativen Volltextsuche 790, nach Gebietsthemen geordnete Begriffe (z.B. 64 Stichworte zu Suchtthemen im Bereich klinische Psychologie). Dar ber hinaus ist eine direkte Suche spezifischer Einzelbegriffe mcglich. Die gebundene Fassung umfasst knapp 2000 Seiten. Der Kaufpreis von 69,95 Euro (CHF 95,00) schliest einen Onlinezugang ber zwei Jahre ein und ist aufgrund der beiden Zugangswege angemessen. Insgesamt handelt es sich um ein umfassendes und leicht zug ngliches Nachschlagewerk mit hoher Aktualit t.
Recurrent chemotherapy‐induced tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) with renal failure in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia – successful treatment and prevention of TLS with low‐dose rasburicase

Abstract: Introduction: Rasburicase is a recombinant urate oxidase that is produced by a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been approved for prophylaxis and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome in 2001. In several studies, rasburicase, given at a dose of 0.15–0.2 mg/kg for up to 7 d, proved to be highly effective in lowering urate levels. Case report: We report the case of a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) who experienced tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) with acute renal failure after fludarabine/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and after bendamustine treatment. During the first episode of TLS, after fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (creatinine 3.3 mg/dL, urate 24.6 mg/dL), the patient received rasburicase 0.2 mg/kg for 3 d. Urate levels decreased below the lower limit of normal and renal function recovered. After bendamustine therapy, given for disease progression 8 months later, TLS with acute oliguric renal failure re‐occurred (creatinine 3.1 mg/dL, urate 20.8 mg/dL). The patient was treated with hyperhydration and two doses of rasburicase (0.056 mg/kg), resulting in a prompt decrease of the urate level and recovery of renal function. Both episodes of TLS were successfully treated with rasburicase in a lower dose than recommended by the manufacturer. During a second bendamustine course, TLS was successfully treated by low doses of rasburicase (0.056 mg/kg for 2 d). Conclusion: This is the first report of TLS in CLL after bendamustine chemotherapy reported in the literature. Treatment and prevention of TLS by low doses of rasburicase is possible and cost‐effective.
The Role of CAV3 in Long–QT Syndrome: Clinical and Functional Assessment of a Caveolin-3/Kv11.1 Double Heterozygote Versus Caveolin-3 Single Heterozygote

Background—Mutations in CAV3, coding for caveolin-3, the major constituent scaffolding protein of cardiac caveolae, have been associated with skeletal muscle disease, cardiomyopathy, and most recently long–QT syndrome (LQTS) and sudden infant death syndrome. We examined the occurrence of CAV3 mutations in a large cohort of patients with LQTS. Methods and Results—Probands with LQTS (n=167) were screened for mutations in CAV3 using direct DNA sequencing. A single proband (0.6%) was found to be a heterozygous carrier of a previously described missense mutation, caveolin-3:p.T78M. The proband was also a heterozygous carrier of the trafficking-deficient Kv11.1:p.I400N mutation. The caveolin-3:p.T78M mutation was found isolated in 3 family members, none of whom had a prolonged QTc interval. Coimmunoprecipitations of caveolin-3 and the voltage-gated potassium channel subunit (Kv11.1) were performed, and the electrophysiological classification of the Kv11.1 mutant was carried out by patch-clamp technique in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Furthermore, the T-wave morphology was assessed in mutation carriers, double mutation carriers, and nonmutation carriers by applying a morphology combination score. The morphology combination score was normal for isolated caveolin-3:p.T78M carriers and of LQT2 type in double heterozygotes. Conclusions—Mutations in CAV3 are rare in LQTS. Furthermore, caveolin-3:p.T78M did not exhibit a LQTS phenotype. Because no association has ever been found between LQTS and isolated CAV3 mutations, we suggest that LQTS9 is considered a provisional entity.