Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Luminosity Functions to z~1 from DEEP2 and COMBO-17: Implications for Red Galaxy Formation

The DEEP2 and COMBO-17 surveys are compared to study luminosity functions of red and blue galaxies to z ~ 1. The two surveys have different methods and sensitivities, but nevertheless results agree. After z ~ 1, M has dimmed by 1.2-1.3 mag for all colors of galaxies, ϕ* for blue galaxies has hardly changed, and ϕ* for red galaxies has at least doubled (our formal value is ~0.5 dex). Luminosity density jB has fallen by 0.6 dex for blue galaxies but has remained nearly constant for red galaxies. These results imply that the number and total stellar mass of blue galaxies have been substantially constant since z ~ 1, whereas those of red galaxies (near L*) have been significantly rising. To explain the new red galaxies, a ``mixed'' scenario is proposed in which star formation in blue cloud galaxies is quenched, causing them to migrate to the red sequence, where they merge further in a small number of stellar mergers. This mixed scenario matches the local boxy-disky transition for nearby ellipticals, as well as red sequence stellar population scaling laws such as the color-magnitude and Mg-σ relations (which are explained as fossil relics from blue progenitors). Blue galaxies enter the red sequence via different quenching modes, each of which peaks at a different characteristic mass and time. The red sequence therefore likely builds up in different ways at different times and masses, and the concept of a single process that is ``downsizing'' (or upsizing) probably does not apply. Our claim in this paper of a rise in the number of red galaxies applies to galaxies near L*. Accurate counts of brighter galaxies on the steep part of the Schechter function require more accurate photometry than is currently available.
Evidence for parallel adaptation to climate across the natural range of Arabidopsis thaliana

How organisms adapt to different climate habitats is a key question in evolutionary ecology and biological conservation. Species distributions are often determined by climate suitability. Consequently, the anthropogenic impact on earth's climate is of key concern to conservation efforts because of our relatively poor understanding of the ability of populations to track and evolve to climate change. Here, we investigate the ability of Arabidopsis thaliana to occupy climate space by quantifying the extent to which different climate regimes are accessible to different A. thaliana genotypes using publicly available data from a large-scale genotyping project and from a worldwide climate database. The genetic distance calculated from 149 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 60 lineages of A. thaliana was compared to the corresponding climate distance among collection localities calculated from nine different climatic factors. A. thaliana was found to be highly labile when adapting to novel climate space, suggesting that populations may experience few constraints when adapting to changing climates. Our results also provide evidence of a parallel or convergent evolution on the molecular level supporting recent generalizations regarding the genetics of adaptation.
Developing the capability to terminate IT projects when they can no longer deliver business value: A discussion of key insights from practitioners

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of ensuring that the capabilities are in place to identify when a project can no longer deliver value and to take appropriate action to terminate the project. Design/methodology/approach Focus groups with project management practitioners were used to collect in-depth qualitative data. This was then supplemented with a questionnaire, which included both closed questions and the opportunity for free text answers. Findings The problem of getting better at stopping projects is both common and difficult to solve. It has many facets, which include complex people and cultural issues, processes and procedures as well as financial reporting and project governance. In order to improve, therefore, it is useful to address these different facets in a coordinated way using a capability approach with a focus on business value. Research limitations/implications The data from practitioners are retrospective, as their actions were not actually observed by the researchers as they were happening. This means that faulty recollection may influence the results but, it also allows for insights from reflection to be incorporated. Practical implications An organizational capability approach focusing on all three aspects of capability; people, processes and technology, can help organizations get better at stopping projects. Specific recommendations are provided and analyzed in terms of their respective capability focus. Social implications If performance in terminating projects is improved, it has the potential for significant benefits and cost saving for society in terms of improved government services and the ability to halt projects around new policy initiatives when emerging evidence shows they will not work. Originality/value It provides detailed practitioner input on the problem of stopping projects and suggests recommendations for improvement in the context of a structured organizational capability approach with reference to a particular framework, IT-CMF.
Comparison of Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in Predicting the Yield Using its Components in the Hulless Barley

2 Abstract: In this study 40 genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years were planted in the region of Ardabil. The yield related data and its components over the years of the analysis of variance were combined.Results showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and genotype interaction in the environment. MLR and ANN methods were used to predict yield in barley. The fitted model in a yield predicting linear regression method was as follows: Reg = 1.75 + 0.883 X1 + 0.05017X2 +1.984X3 Also, yield prediction based on multi-layer neural network (ANN) using the Matlab Perceptron type software with one hidden layer including 15 neurons and using algorithm after error propagation learning method and hyperbolic tangent function was implemented, in both methods absolute values of relative error as a deviation index in order to estimate and using duad t test of mean deviation index of the two estimates was examined. Results showed that in the ANN technique the mean deviation index of estimation significantly was one-third (1 / 3) of its rate in the MLR, because there was a significant interaction between genotype and environment and its impact on estimation by MLR method.Therefore, when the genotype environment interaction is significant, in the yield prediction in instead of the regression is recommended of a neural network approach due to high yield and more velocity in the estimation to be used.
Promoting melanoma growth and metastasis by enhancing VEGF expression

Angiogenesis plays an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis and is a promising target for cancer therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. The present study was designed to determine the role of VEGF in tumor growth and metastasis. The sequences for the VEGF gene were cloned into expression plasmids and then transfected into melanoma B16 cells. Overexpression of VEGF transfected with expression plasmids or given exogenous VEGF and epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly enhanced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Tumor growth and metastasis of melanoma B16 cells transfected with VEGF plasmid were significantly promoted compared with those of cells administered with exogenous VEGF or EGF. These results indicated that VEGF can be an effective antiangiogenic strategy for melanoma.
Ethnic Differences: Schooling and Social Structure Among the Irish, Italians, Jews and Blacks in an American City, 1880-1935.

Ethnic Differences explores how and why the Irish, Italians, Jews, and blacks of Providence, Rhode Island differed in their schooling and economic success. Drawing on new evidence from thousands of students recors of public, Catholic, and private schools, as well as on census manuscripts, city directories, and other sources, the book offers an integrated study of American ethnicity, education, and social structure. Joel Perlmann examines the extent to which differing career patterns, and reconsiders the relation between ethnicity and social class.
Vascular Health and Risk Management Dovepress the Impact of Diurnal Fasting during Ramadan on the Lipid Profile, Hs-crp, and Serum Leptin in Stable Cardiac Patients

Aim: To study the effect of strict prolonged fasting on lipid profile, serum leptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with different stable cardiac illnesses and look for associated new cardiac events and any correlation between entire variables. Methods: A total of 56 patients of different stable cardiac illnesses were followed in our cardiology outpatient for 3 months. Data concerning their ability to fast were collected: New York Heart Association class of congestive cardiac failure, angina class, previous myocardial infarction, previous coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, severity of valvular lesion, metallic prosthetic valve, and traditional risk factors (diabetes mellitus, insulin requirement, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habit, and obesity). Detailed clinical examination and electrocardiography were performed in all patients in three consecutive visits before, during, and after Ramadan. Echocardiographic and angiographic findings and medication plans were collected from patient records. Lipid profile, serum leptin, and hs-CRP were assessed before, during, and after Ramadan. Results: All patients fasted during Ramadan: 80.4% were male, 67.9% were aged . 50 years, 71.4% had no change in their symptoms during fasting while 28.6% felt better. No patient has deteriorated. 91.1% of the patients were compliant with medicine during Ramadan, 73.2% after. 89.3% were compliant with diet during Ramadan with no significant change in body weight in the follow-up period. No cardiac or noncardiac morbidity or mortality was reported. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly during compared to before fasting (P = 0.012). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly increased during compared to before fasting (P = 0.022). No statistically significant changes were observed in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), serum leptin, or hs-CRP. Significant correlation was observed between TC and hs-CRP during fasting (P = 0.036), but not with TG, LDL-C, or HDL-C (P. 0.05). Neither of these correlated with serum leptin (P. 0.05), but significant correlation was observed between hs-CRP and serum leptin (P , 0.05). Conclusion: Ramadan fasting in stable cardiac patients has no effect on their clinical status, serum leptin, or hs-CRP, but results in decrease in HDL-C, increase in LDL-C, with significant correlation between TC and hs-CRP during Ramadan, but not with TG, LDL-C, or HDL-C, and with significant correlation between hs-CRP and serum leptin before, during, and after fasting.
Anger expression as a predictor of mental health among school students of Kashmir valley

Background: Anger expression refers to the manner in which an individual expressed her/his emotional experience of anger (which may include anger-in, anger-out, or anger-constant). Anger-out is the tendency to express one’s anger outwardly as negative manner which may involve the use of aggressive actions. Anger-in refers to the extent to which individuals suppress anger when they are experiencing negative emotions, whereas constant means that there is no change. Aim: The aim of the present research was to study the interaction of anger expression and mental health among school students of Kashmir valley. Method: One hundred and twenty school students with equal number of males and females were selected from different districts of Kashmir valley. The Anger Expression (Ax) scale and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) inventory were the tools for data collection. Results: Group comparisons between male and female students were not significant on the measures of anger expression (i.e. anger-in, anger-out, and anger-constant) and mental health (i.e. internal, external, and neither internal nor external). Anger-in and anger-out were significantly correlated with the mental health dimensions of internal, external, and neither internalising nor externalising). Whereas, the relation between anger control with external and neither internal nor external dimensions of mental health was negative; but, it was statistically insignificant. Multiple regression analyses yielded anger-out as a significant predictor of mental health (F=12.24; p<0.001). Twenty four per cent variance (R2 change=0.24; beta value=0.44) in mental health was explained due to anger-out (t-value=5.29; p<0.001). The results are discussed in the context of history of violence in Kashmir.
Simplified Tai Chi Resistance Training versus Traditional Tai Chi in Slowing Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women

Background. This study examined whether simplified Tai Chi resistance training is superior to traditional Tai Chi in slowing bone loss in postmenopausal women. Methods. This prospective trial included 119 postmenopausal women (age: 52–65 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to participate in a traditional Tai Chi program (TTC, n = 40), a simplified Tai Chi resistance training program (TCRT, n = 40), or a blank control group (routine activity, n = 39). The TTC involved traditional Yang Style Tai Chi. The primary outcome was the change of lumbar bone mass density (L2–L4) at 12 months over the baseline. Femoral neck and Ward's triangle were also measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results. The L2–L4 density was significantly lower at 12 months in comparison to the baseline in the blank control group. In both the TCRT and TTC groups, the L2–L4 density was comparable to the baseline. There was a trend for less bone loss in the TCRT than in the TTC group. Similar findings were observed with femoral neck and Ward's triangle. Conclusion. Simplified Tai Chi resistance training could slow bone loss in menopausal women. The results also suggested, but did not confirm, superiority to traditional Tai Chi.
Password-based Encrypted Group Key Agreement

This paper presents an efficient password-based authenticated encrypted group key agreement protocol immune to dictionary attack under the computation Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption. In a password-based key agreement protocol, the users only share a human-memorable low entropy password; and using this low-entropy password, the users can agree upon a high-entropy session key which they may use to build a secure communication channel among themselves. While designing such protocols, one should limit the number of on-line password guessing and achieve the security against dictionary attack. Our protocol is obtained from the multi-party key agreement protocol of Kim et al. We analyze the security in the security model formalized by Bellare et al. following their proof techniques. Our proposed scheme achieves efficiency in both communication and computation aspects and is proven to be secure in both the ideal cipher model and the random oracle model.
A disaccharide precursor of sialyl Lewis X inhibits metastatic potential of tumor cells.

Clustered presentation of sialyl Lewis X (sLe(X)) on tumor cell mucins is thought to facilitate metastasis through binding to selectin adhesion receptors expressed on platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Thus, interfering with sLe(X) assembly might provide a chemotherapeutic method for treating metastatic disease. Prior studies have shown that peracetylated disaccharides can act in cells as substrates for the assembly of oligosaccharides related to sLe(X) synthesis, and the assembly of oligosaccharides on the disaccharides diverts the assembly of sLe(X) from endogenous cell surface glycoconjugates. Here, we show that treatment of cultured human adenocarcinoma cells with micromolar concentrations of the peracetylated disaccharide, (Ac)(6)GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol (AcGnG-NM) reduces the expression of sLe(X) and diminishes binding in vitro to selectin-coated dishes, thrombin-activated platelets, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated endothelial cells. Altering glycosylation in this way significantly reduced the ability of tumor cells to distribute to the lungs of wild-type mice over a 3-h period after i.v. injection. No significant difference in biodistribution was noted after the injection of AcGnG-NM-treated tumor cells into P-selectin deficient mice, although the extent of lung seeding was reduced compared with that in wild-type mice. In vitro, we demonstrate that normal mouse platelets, but not P-selectin-deficient platelets, bound to control tumor cells and protected them from leukocyte-mediated cytolysis. Conversely, treatment of tumor cells with disaccharide markedly reduced the ability of normal platelets to protect them from cytolysis. Finally, in an experimental metastasis model, we show that treatment of tumor cells with the disaccharide markedly reduced their lung colonization potential after injection into severe combined immunodeficient mice. These findings suggest that this compound may represent a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of metastatic disease.
Liquidity and Financial Market Runs

We model a run on a financial market, in which each risk-neutral investor fears having to liquidate shares after a run, but before prices can recover back to fundamental values. To avoid having to possibly liquidate shares at the marginal postrun price—in which case the risk-averse market-making sector will already hold a lot of share inventory and thus be more reluctant to absorb additional shares—each investor may prefer selling today at the average in-run price, thereby causing the run itself. Liquidity runs and crises are not caused by liquidity shocks per se, but by the fear of future liquidity shocks.
RECURSIVELY ARBITRARILY VERTEX-DECOMPOSABLE SUNS

A graph G = ( V, E ) is arbitrarily vertex decomposable if for any sequence τ of positive integers adding up to | V | , there is a sequence of vertex-disjoint subsets of V whose orders are given by τ , and which induce connected graphs. The aim of this paper is to study the recursive version of this problem on a special class of graphs called suns. This paper is a complement of [O. Baudon, F. Gilbert, M. Woźniak, Recursively arbitrarily vertex-decomposable graphs , research report, 2010].
Incremental Conductance Based Maximum Power Point Tracking ( MPPT ) for Photovoltaic System

--Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and inexhaustible. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the maximum power point (MPP). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control the dc/dc converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current for the maximum output power. Keywords---Photovoltaic System, Modeling of PV Arrays, Incremental conductance Algorithm, Boost Converter and Simulation Results I.INTRODUCTION Renewable sources of energy acquire growing importance due to its enormous consumption and exhaustion of fossil fuel. Also, solar energy is the most readily available source of energy and it is free. Moreover, solar energy is the best among all the renewable energy sources since, it is non-polluting. Energy supplied by the sun in one hour is equal to the amount of energy required by the human in one year. Photo voltaic arrays are used in many applications such as water pumping, street lighting in rural town, battery charging and grid connected PV systems. As known from a Power-Voltage curve of a solar panel, there is an optimum operating point such that the PV delivers the maximum possible power to the load. The optimum operating point changes with solar irradiation and cell temperature. This paper deals with Incremental conductance MPPT algorithm method due to its simple approach [1]. II. PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL Photovoltaic cell generates electricity from the sun. PV panel works under the phenomenon of photoelectric effect. It directly converts sunlight into electricity. The diagram of PV based system is shown in Fig. 1. Fig-1: Photovoltaic Cell III. PV EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT Solar cells are connected in series and parallel to set up the solar array. Solar cell will produce dc voltage when it is exposed to sunlight. Fig. 2 shows the equivalent circuit model for a solar cell. Solar cell can be regarded as a non-linear current source. Its generated current depends on the characteristic of material, age of solar cell, irradiation and cell temperature. Fig. 3 and 4 shows the P-V and V-I characteristics of solar panel for various irradiance at a cell temperature of 25 o C. Fig-2: Equivalent Circuit of Solar Panel M.Lokanadham, K.Vijaya Bhaskar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera. com Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1420-1424 1421 | P a g e Equation (1) describes the I-V characteristics of the PV model, I=IL−Io(e) (q(V+IRS )
An Eocene orthocone from Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally shelled cephalopods

Background The Subclass Coleoidea (Class Cephalopoda) accommodates the diverse present-day internally shelled cephalopod mollusks (Spirula, Sepia and octopuses, squids, Vampyroteuthis) and also extinct internally shelled cephalopods. Recent Spirula represents a unique coleoid retaining shell structures, a narrow marginal siphuncle and globular protoconch that signify the ancestry of the subclass Coleoidea from the Paleozoic subclass Bactritoidea. This hypothesis has been recently supported by newly recorded diverse bactritoid-like coleoids from the Carboniferous of the USA, but prior to this study no fossil cephalopod indicative of an endochochleate branch with an origin independent from subclass Bactritoidea has been reported. Methodology/Principal findings Two orthoconic conchs were recovered from the Early Eocene of Seymour Island at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. They have loosely mineralized organic-rich chitin-compatible microlaminated shell walls and broadly expanded central siphuncles. The morphological, ultrustructural and chemical data were determined and characterized through comparisons with extant and extinct taxa using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Conclusions/Significance Our study presents the first evidence for an evolutionary lineage of internally shelled cephalopods with independent origin from Bactritoidea/Coleoidea, indicating convergent evolution with the subclass Coleoidea. A new subclass Paracoleoidea Doguzhaeva n. subcl. is established for accommodation of orthoconic cephalopods with the internal shell associated with a broadly expanded central siphuncle. Antarcticerida Doguzhaeva n. ord. , Antarcticeratidae Doguzhaeva n. fam. , Antarcticeras nordenskjoeldi Doguzhaeva n. gen., n. sp. are described within the subclass Paracoleoidea. The analysis of organic-rich shell preservation of A. nordenskjoeldi by use of SEM/EDS techniques revealed fossilization of hyposeptal cameral soft tissues. This suggests that a depositional environment favoring soft-tissue preservation was the factor enabling conservation of the weakly mineralized shell of A. nordenskjoeldi.