Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between Exposure to Benzodiazepines and Related Drugs and Survivorship of Total Hip Replacement in Arthritis: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 246,940 Patients

Background Total hip replacement (THR) is successful in treating hip arthritis. Prosthetic survivorship may depend on the medications taken by the patient; particularly, the role of benzodiazepines and related drugs (Z-drugs) with THR revision has been poorly investigated. Our objective was to compare THR short-term survivorship according to level of exposure to benzodiazepine and Z-drugs. Design, Setting and Participants All French patients aged 40 years or older, having undergone primary THR from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2012, for arthritis according to French national health insurance databases were included in the cohort. Outcome of interest was THR revision, including any surgical procedure in which the implant or any component was changed or removed. Follow-up started the day the primary THR was performed. Observations were right-censored on December 31, 2014, if neither revision nor death had yet occurred. Exposure of interest was the cumulative defined daily doses per day (cDDD/day) of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs dispensed within 6 months before or after inclusion. We defined four exposure groups; cDDD/d = 0: unexposed; <0.08: low exposure;] 0.08–0.38]: medium exposure; >0.38: high exposure. THR survivorship was assessed according to level of exposure to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in univariate and multivariate Cox models adjusted for patient, THR and implanting center characteristics. Results The study cohort comprised 246,940 individuals: mean age at baseline, 69.9 years; women, 57.9%; unexposed: 51.7%; low exposure: 16.7%; medium exposure: 15.9%; and high exposure: 15.7%. During the median 45-month follow-up, 9043 individuals underwent prosthetic revision. Adjusted hazard ratios in low, medium and high exposed groups were 1.18 (95%CI, 1.12–1.26; P<0.001), 1.32 (95%CI, 1.24–1.40; P<0.001) and 1.37 (95%CI, 1.29–1.45; P<0.001), respectively, compared to unexposed. Conclusion and Relevance Exposure to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs is associated with an increased risk of THR revision, with a dose-response relationship. Cautious prescribing might be needed as well as careful history examination and assessment of risk for patients with a hip prosthesis.
Estimating the Accuracy of Dynamic Change-Impact Analysis Using Sensitivity Analysis

The reliability and security of software are affected by its constant changes. For that reason, developers use change-impact analysis early to identify the potential consequences of changing a program location. Dynamic impact analysis, in particular, identifies potential impacts on concrete, typical executions. However, the accuracy (precision and recall) of dynamic impact analyses for predicting the actual impacts of changes has not been studied. In this paper, we present a novel approach based on sensitivity analysis and execution differencing to estimate, for the first time, the accuracy of dynamic impact analyses. Unlike approaches that only use software repositories, which might not be available or might contain insufficient changes, our approach makes changes to every part of the software to identify actually impacted code and compare it with the predictions of dynamic impact analysis. Using this approach in addition to changes made by other researchers on multiple Java subjects, we estimated the accuracy of the best method-level dynamic impact analysis in the literature. Our results suggest that dynamic impact analysis can be surprisingly inaccurate with an average precision of 47-52% and recall of 56-87%. This study offers insights to developers into the effectiveness of existing dynamic impact analyses and motivates the future development of more accurate analyses.
In Vivo and In Vitro Genotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach

The aim of this work was to assess the biological and food safety of two different beverages: Classic Coca Cola™ (CCC) and Caffeine-Free Coca Cola (CFCC). To this end, we determined the genotoxicological and biological effects of different doses of lyophilised CCC and CFCC and Caffeine (CAF), the main distinctive constituent. Their toxic/antitoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic, and chronic toxicity (lifespan assay) effects were determined in vivo using the Drosophila model. Their cytotoxic activities were determined using the HL-60 in vitro cancer model. In addition, clastogenic DNA toxicity was measured using internucleosomal fragmentation and SCGE assays. Their epigenetic effects were assessed on the HL-60 methylation status using some repetitive elements. The experimental results showed a slight chemopreventive effect of the two cola beverages against HL-60 leukaemia cells, probably mediated by nonapoptotic mechanisms. Finally, CCC and CAF induced a global genome hypomethylation evaluated in LINE-1 and Alu M1 repetitive elements. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time the safety of this famous beverage in in vivo and in vitro models.
'delocalised Solitons' in Stratified Shear Flows †

The work is concerned with the nonlinear interaction of long internal waves with a subsurface shear current in a two-layer fluid, the focus being on the most intense resonant interaction. The resonance occurs when the phase velocity of an internal wave travelling at the density interface coincides with that of the flow at the surface. The dynamics of the fluid proves to be governed by the system of coupled evolution equations admitting both periodic and solitary wave solutions of different nature including normal, ‘gap’ and ‘delocalised’ solitons. The velocity of the solitary waves is limited from above, the wave corresponding to the limit being a peaked soliton with the sharp corner at the crest. ‘Delocalised’ solitons having oscillatory tails are found to be in resonance with linear waves, which results in the radiative damping. Yet, the rate of the energy losses is so small, that they may safely be considered quasi-stationary, representing an important intermediate asymptotic in the evolution of initial localised pulses. The outcome of the latter is shown to depend on the inial ‘mass’ and ‘momentum’ of the pulse, with subcritical pulses decaying into a sequence of solitons plus a train of periodic waves and super-critical ones generating a singularity at the forefront and eventually breaking.
Software-defined optical burst switching for HPC and cloud computing data centers

In this paper, we assess the performance of techniques for optical burst switching (OBS) designed for high performance computing (HPC) and cloud computing data center networks (DCNs) by using network-level simulation. We consider short-duration bursts using the faster switching technologies that are now available. The modeled switch architecture features fast optical switches in a single-hop topology with a centralized, software-defined optical control plane. Instead of using OBS with traditional methods (i.e., one-way reservation), we consider OBS with a two-way reservation protocol that results in zero burst loss. We model different workloads with various data rates by considering different edge-to-core network oversubscription ratios to investigate the performance of such designs across usage patterns. Our results reveal that the proposed technique shows considerable improvement in terms of throughput and packet loss ratio and comparable performance in terms of delay when compared to traditional methods of OBS.
CALIBRATING A MOLECULAR CLOCK FROM PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC DATA: MOMENTS AND LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS

Abstract We present moments and likelihood methods that estimate a DNA substitution rate from a group of closely related sister species pairs separated at an assumed time, and we test these methods with simulations. The methods also estimate ancestral population size and can test whether there is a significant difference among the ancestral population sizes of the sister species pairs. Estimates presented in the literature often ignore the ancestral coalescent prior to speciation and therefore should be biased upward. The simulations show that both methods yield accurate estimates given sample sizes of five or more species pairs and that better likelihood estimates are obtained if there is no significant difference among ancestral population sizes. The model presented here indicates that the larger than expected variation found in multitaxa datasets can be explained by variation in the ancestral coalescence and the Poisson mutation process. In this context, observed variation can often be accounted for by variation in ancestral population sizes rather than invoking variation in other parameters, such as divergence time or mutation rate. The methods are applied to data from two groups of species pairs (sea urchins and Alpheus snapping shrimp) that are thought to have separated by the rise of Panama three million years ago.
Comparison of Poisson structures and Poisso -Lie dynamical r-matrices

We construct a Poisson isomorphism between the formal Poisson manifolds g^* and G^*, where g is a finite dimensional quasitriangular Lie bialgebra. Here g^* is equipped with its Lie-Poisson (or Kostant-Kirillov-Souriau) structure, and G^* with its Poisson-Lie structure. We also quantize Poisson-Lie dynamical r-matrices of Balog-Feher-Palla.
Financing Poverty Reduction Programmes in Rural Areas of Nigeria: The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

This study investigated the operations of non-gover nmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the soc ioeconomic development of rural areas in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Abiakpo in Obot Akara, Four Towns in Onna, and Okpo Ndua Erong in Ibesikpo Asutan were selected for the study. The study elicited data from 1250 respondents who were purposively and randomly selected from the four rural communities. The data were subjected to analysis using Pearson P roduct Moment Correlation statistical technique at 0.05 level of significance with 1248 degrees of fre edom. Results revealed that NGOs contribute immensely to rural development in Akwa Ibom State in the areas of health, education, economic and job creation. It was recommended among others were made that NGOs in Nigeria should incorporate their activities with that of government to avoid duplica tion of functions and that NGOs should adopt participatory approach to encourage active rural in volvement in development project. Keyword: Social and Economic development, Non-governmental Organizations.
Using Mobile Phones in Pub Talk

We present the findings from a study of how people interleave mobile phone use with conversation in pubs. Our findings, informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, unpack the interactional methods through which groups of people in pubs occasioned, sustained, and disengaged from mobile device use during conversation with friends. Fundamentally, the work that is done consists of various methods of accounting for mobile device use, and displaying involvement in social interaction while the device is used. We highlight multiple examples of the nuanced ways in which interleaving is problematic in interaction, and relate our findings to the CSCW and HCI literature on collocated interaction. We conclude by considering avenues for future research, and discuss how we may support or disrupt interleaving practices through design to overcome the highlighted interactional troubles.
Evidence for distinct cognitive deficits after focal cerebellar lesions

Objectives: Anatomical evidence and lesion studies, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, indicate that the cerebellum contributes to higher cognitive functions. Cerebellar posterior lateral regions seem to be relevant for cognition, while vermal lesions seem to be associated with changes in affect. However, the results remain controversial. Deficits of patients are sometimes still attributed to motor impairment. Methods: We present data from a detailed neuropsychological examination of 21 patients with cerebellar lesions due to tumour or haematoma, and 21 controls matched for age, sex, and years of education. Results: Patients showed deficits in executive function, and in attentional processes such as working memory and divided attention. Further analysis revealed that patients with right-sided lesions were in general more impaired than those with left-sided lesions. Conclusions: Those hypotheses that suggest that lesions of the right cerebellar hemisphere lead to verbal deficits, while those of the left lead to non-verbal deficits, have in part been confirmed. The generally greater impairment of those patients with a right-sided lesion has been interpreted as resulting from the connection of the right cerebellum to the left cerebral hemisphere, which is dominant for language functions and crucial for right hand movements. Motor impairment was correlated with less than half of the cognitive measures, with no stronger tendency for correlation with cognitive tests that require motor responses discernible. The results are discussed on the basis of an assumption that the cerebellum has a predicting and preparing function, indicating that cerebellar lesions lead to a “dysmetria of thought. ”
Property Taxes and Elderly Mobility

The 2000-05 housing market boom in the U.S. has caused sharp increases in residential property taxes. Housing-rich but income-poor elderly homeowners often complain about rising tax burdens, and anecdotal evidence suggests that some move to reduce their tax burden. There has been little systematic analysis, however, of the link between property tax levels and the mobility rate of elderly homeowners. This paper investigates this link using household-level panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and a newly collected data set on state-provided property tax relief programs. These relief programs generate variation in effective property tax burdens that is not due solely to arguably endogenous local community choices about taxes and expenditure programs. The findings provide evidence suggesting that higher property taxes raise mobility among elderly homeowners. The point estimates from instrumental variable estimation using relief programs to generate instruments suggest that a $100 increase in annual property taxes is associated with a 0.73 percentage point increase in the two-year mobility rate for homeowners over the age of 50. This is an eight percent increase from the baseline two-year mobility rate of nine percent. These results are robust to alternative specifications.
Spatial and temporal factors determining afferent fiber responses to a grating moving sinusoidally over the monkey's fingerpad

Gratings of alternating grooves and ridges were moved sinusoidally across the fingerpads of anesthetized monkeys, while responses were recorded from individual slowly adapting afferents (SAs), rapidly adapting afferents (RAs), and Pacinian afferents (PCs) in the median nerve. The stimulus comprised 2 spatial variables, namely, groove width (G) and ridge width (W), and 2 temporal variables, namely, the peak speed of movement (S) and the peak temporal frequency (F) at which successive spatial cycles of the grating pass over a point in the receptive field. The responses of all 3 fiber types were determined by only 1 spatial variable, G, and only 1 temporal variable, F. Changes in W or S affected responses only if there was a concomitant change in either G or F. Responses were phase-locked to the occurrence of successive spatial cycles of the grating, and we have used the number of impulses elicited by a single spatial cycle as the fundamental measure of response. An equation of the form I = cGaexp(-b square root of F) describes the responses of all 3 fiber types. For SAs, the effect of groove width was greater (a = 2.64) than for RAs and PCs (a = 0.924 and 1.05, respectively). The reduction in response with frequency was most marked for SAs (b = 0.262), and greater for PCs (b = 0.167) than for RAs (b = 0.130). From the equation, the instantaneous response during the entire sinusoidal cycle was reconstructed as well as a second measure, the mean cyclic response. These 2 measures behaved differently with changes in the stimulus parameters. The temporal properties of the fibers, as revealed by gratings, may appear to be in conflict with those established by vibratory threshold studies; in fact, they are compatible with suprathreshold responses to vibrating probes.
Low-energy spin dynamics in the antiferromagnetic phase of CaFe2As2

We present 75As nuclear magnetic resonance data in the paramagnetic and magnetic states of single-crystal CaFe2As2. The electric field gradient and the internal magnetic field at the As sites change discontinuously below the first-order structural transition at T 0=169 K. In the magnetic state, we find a single value of the internal hyperfine field consistent with commensurate antiferromagnetic order of Fe moments pointing in the ab plane. The spin lattice relaxation rate shows Korringa behavior for T≲T 0/3, reflecting the metallic nature of the ordered state. Surprisingly, T 1-1 exhibits a small peak at 10 K, revealing the presence of slow spin fluctuations that may be associated with domain wall motion.
The richness dependence of galaxy cluster correlations: Results from a redshift survey of rich APM clusters.

We analyze the spatial clustering properties of a new catalog of very rich galaxy clusters selected from the APM Galaxy Survey. These clusters are of comparable richness and space density to Abell Richness Class greater than or equal to 1 clusters, but selected using an objective algorithm from a catalog demonstrably free of artificial inhomogeneities. Evaluation of the two-point correlation function xi(sub cc)(r) for the full sample and for richer subsamples reveals that the correlation amplitude is consistent with that measured for lower richness APM clusters and X-ray selected clusters. We apply a maximum likelihood estimator to find the best fitting slope and amplitude of a power law fit to x(sub cc)(r), and to estimate the correlation length r(sub 0) (the value of r at which xi(sub cc)(r) is equal to unity). For clusters with a mean space density of 1.6 x 10(exp -6) h(exp 3) MpC(exp -3) (equivalent to the space density of Abell Richness greater than or equal to 2 clusters), we find r(sub 0) = 21.3(+11.1/-9.3) h(exp -1) Mpc (95% confidence limits). This is consistent with the weak richness dependence of xi(sub cc)(r) expected in Gaussian models of structure formation. In particular, the amplitude of xi(sub cc)(r) at all richnesses matches that of xi(sub cc)(r) for clusters selected in N-Body simulations of a low density Cold Dark Matter model.
Molecular Cloning and Transcriptional and Expression Analysis of engO, Encoding a New Noncellulosomal Family 9 Enzyme, from Clostridium cellulovorans

ABSTRACT Clostridium cellulovorans produces a major noncellulosomal family 9 endoglucanase EngO. A genomic DNA fragment (40 kb) containing engO and neighboring genes was cloned. The nucleotide sequence contained reading frames for endoglucanase EngO, a putative response regulator, and a putative sensor histidine kinase protein. The engO gene consists of 2,172 bp and encodes a protein of 724 amino acids with a molecular weight of 79,474. Northern hybridizations revealed that the engO gene is transcribed as a monocistronic 2.6-kb mRNA. 5′ RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) PCR analysis indicated that the single transcriptional start site of engO was located 264 bp upstream from the first nucleotide of the translation initiation codon. Alignment of the engO promoter region provided evidence for highly conserved sequences that exhibited strong similarity to the σA consensus promoter sequences of gram-positive bacteria. EngO contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide of 28 amino acid residues, followed by a 149-amino-acid sequence which is homologous to the family 4-9 carbohydrate-binding domain. Downstream of this domain was an immunoglobulin-like domain of 89 amino acids. The C terminus contains a family 9 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolase. Mass spectrometry analysis of EngO was in agreement with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence. Expression of engO mRNA increased from early to middle exponential phase and decreased during the early stationary phase. EngO was highly active toward carboxymethyl cellulose but showed no activity towards xylan. It was optimally active at 40 to 50°C and pH 5 to 6. The analysis of the products from the cellulose hydrolysis through thin-layer chromatography indicated its endoglucanase activity.
On exponential sums with Hecke series at central points

(T e ≤ K ≤ T ) are considered, where αj = |ρj(1)| (coshπκj) , and ρj(1) is the first Fourier coefficient of the Maass wave form corresponding to the eigenvalue λj = κ 2 j + 1 4 to which the Hecke series Hj(s) is attached. The problem is transformed to the estimation of a classical exponential sum involving the binary additive divisor problem. The analogous exponential sums with Hj( 1 2 ) or H j ( 1 2 ) replacing H j ( 1 2 ) are also considered. The above sum is conjectured to be ≪e K3/2+e, which is proved to be true in the mean square sense.
Financial Development, Property Rights and Growth

In countries with more secure property rights, firms might allocate resources better and consequentially grow faster as the returns on different types of assets are more protected against competitors' actions. Using data on sectoral value added for a large number of countries, we find evidence consistent with better property rights leading to higher growth through improved asset allocation. Quantitatively, the growth effect is as large as that of improved access to financing due to greater financial development. Our results are robust using various samples and specifications, including controlling for growth opportunities.
A Chemical Genetic Screen for Modulators of Asymmetrical 2,2′-Dimeric Naphthoquinones Cytotoxicity in Yeast

Background Dimeric naphthoquinones (BiQ) were originally synthesized as a new class of HIV integrase inhibitors but have shown integrase-independent cytotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines suggesting their use as potential anti-neoplastic agents. The mechanism of this cytotoxicity is unknown. In order to gain insight into the mode of action of binaphthoquinones we performed a systematic high-throughput screen in a yeast isogenic deletion mutant array for enhanced or suppressed growth in the presence of binaphthoquinones. Methodology/Principal findings Exposure of wild type yeast strains to various BiQs demonstrated inhibition of yeast growth with IC50s in the µM range. Drug sensitivity and resistance screens were performed by exposing arrays of a haploid yeast deletion mutant library to BiQs at concentrations near their IC50. Sensitivity screens identified yeast with deletions affecting mitochondrial function and cellular respiration as having increased sensitivity to BiQs. Corresponding to this, wild type yeast grown in the absence of a fermentable carbon source were particularly sensitive to BiQs, and treatment with BiQs was shown to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, baseline ROS production in BiQ sensitive mutant strains was increased compared to wild type and could be further augmented by the presence of BiQ. Screens for resistance to BiQ action identified the mitochondrial external NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, NDE1, as critical to BiQ toxicity and over-expression of this gene resulted in increased ROS production and increased sensitivity of wild type yeast to BiQ. Conclusions/Significance In yeast, binaphthoquinone cytotoxicity is likely mediated through NAD(P)H:quonine oxidoreductases leading to ROS production and dysfunctional mitochondria. Further studies are required to validate this mechanism in mammalian cells.