Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Directions in Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

The contributing authors to this book, all pre-eminent scholars in their fields, present their current thinking about the processes that underlie creativity and aesthetic experience. They discuss established theory and research and provide creative speculation on future problems for inquiry and new approaches to conceptualising and investigating these phenomena. The book contains many new findings and ideas never before published or new by virtue of the novel context in which they are incorporated. Thus, the chapters present both new approaches to old problem and new ideas and approaches not yet explored by leading scholars in these fields. The first part of the book is devoted to understanding the nature of the perceptual/cognitive and aesthetic processes that occur during encounters with visual art stimuli in everyday settings, in museums and while watching films. Also discussed in Part I is how cultural and anthropological approaches to the study of aesthetic responses to art contribute to our understanding about the development of a culture's artistic canon and to cross-cultural aesthetic universals. Part II presents new dimensions in the study of creativity. Two approaches to the development of a comprehensive theory of creativity are presented: Sternberg's Investment Theory of Creativity and a systems perspective of creativity based on a metaindividual world model. Also covered are the factors that contribute to cinematic creativity and a film's cinematic success, and the complex nature of the creative processes and research approaches involved in the innovative product design necessitated by the introduction of electronics in consumer products. Part III deals with the application of concepts and models from cognitive psychology to the study of music, literary meaning and the visual arts. The contributors outline a model of the cognitive processes involved in real-time listening to music, investigate what readers are doing when they read a literary text, describe what research shows about the transfer of learning from the arts to non-arts cognition and discuss the kinds of thinking skills that emerge from the study of the visual arts by high school students. In Part IV, the authors focus on the interactive contribution of observers' personalities and affect states to the creation and perception of art. The chapters include a discussion of the internal mechanisms by which personality expresses itself during the making of and the response to art; the relationship between emotion and cognition in aesthetics, in terms of the interaction of top-down and bottom-up processes across the time course of an aesthetic episode; the affective processes that take place during pretend play and their impact on the development of creativity in children and the causes and consequences of listener's intense experiences while listening to music.
Effectiveness of Music Education for the Improvement of Reading Skills and Academic Achievement in Young Poor Readers: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction Difficulties in word-level reading skills are prevalent in Brazilian schools and may deter children from gaining the knowledge obtained through reading and academic achievement. Music education has emerged as a potential method to improve reading skills because due to a common neurobiological substratum. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of music education for the improvement of reading skills and academic achievement among children (eight to 10 years of age) with reading difficulties. Method 235 children with reading difficulties in 10 schools participated in a five-month, randomized clinical trial in cluster (RCT) in an impoverished zone within the city of São Paulo to test the effects of music education intervention while assessing reading skills and academic achievement during the school year. Five schools were chosen randomly to incorporate music classes (n = 114), and five served as controls (n = 121). Two different methods of analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention: The standard method was intention-to-treat (ITT), and the other was the Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) estimation method, which took compliance status into account. Results The ITT analyses were not very promising; only one marginal effect existed for the rate of correct real words read per minute. Indeed, considering ITT, improvements were observed in the secondary outcomes (slope of Portuguese = 0.21 [p<0.001] and slope of math = 0.25 [p<0.001]). As for CACE estimation (i.e., complier children versus non-complier children), more promising effects were observed in terms of the rate of correct words read per minute [β = 13.98, p<0.001] and phonological awareness [β = 19.72, p<0.001] as well as secondary outcomes (academic achievement in Portuguese [β = 0.77, p<0.0001] and math [β = 0.49, p<0.001] throughout the school year). Conclusion The results may be seen as promising, but they are not, in themselves, enough to make music lessons as public policy.
Awareness of Community Health Nurses on Legal Aspects of Health Care

The study on awareness of community health nurses on legal aspects of health care was conducted to analyze the nurses knowledge on the laws related to the health care. Health care laws serve as a hallmark in maintaining the equilibrium in the delivery of health care services. It goes without saying that this particular field of activities calls for a sound technical and legal knowledge. In the current scenario the nursing service is widened and deals with various issues on legal aspects of health care. To keep abreast with such developments and to face the changing challenge, it is essential that the nurses are equipped with updated knowledge on laws related to health care. This will enhance safe health care delivery in an unbiased standardized way. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the awareness of nurses in public health sector on legal aspects of health care. Using nonexperimental descriptive research design, with the objectives 1. To determine the level of knowledge on legal aspects among nurses, 2. To associate the level of knowledge score of nurses with the variables such as (a) age (b) academic education (c) work experience (d) exposure to in-service education.
Arabidopsis Actin-Depolymerizing Factor-4 Links Pathogen Perception, Defense Activation and Transcription to Cytoskeletal Dynamics

The primary role of Actin-Depolymerizing Factors (ADFs) is to sever filamentous actin, generating pointed ends, which in turn are incorporated into newly formed filaments, thus supporting stochastic actin dynamics. Arabidopsis ADF4 was recently shown to be required for the activation of resistance in Arabidopsis following infection with the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) expressing the effector protein AvrPphB. Herein, we demonstrate that the expression of RPS5, the cognate resistance protein of AvrPphB, was dramatically reduced in the adf4 mutant, suggesting a link between actin cytoskeletal dynamics and the transcriptional regulation of R-protein activation. By examining the PTI (PAMP Triggered Immunity) response in the adf4 mutant when challenged with Pst expressing AvrPphB, we observed a significant reduction in the expression of the PTI-specific target gene FRK1 (Flg22-Induced Receptor Kinase 1). These data are in agreement with recent observations demonstrating a requirement for RPS5 in PTI-signaling in the presence of AvrPphB. Furthermore, MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)-signaling was significantly reduced in the adf4 mutant, while no such reduction was observed in the rps5-1 point mutation under similar conditions. Isoelectric focusing confirmed phosphorylation of ADF4 at serine-6, and additional in planta analyses of ADF4's role in immune signaling demonstrates that nuclear localization is phosphorylation independent, while localization to the actin cytoskeleton is linked to ADF4 phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest a novel role for ADF4 in controlling gene-for-gene resistance activation, as well as MAPK-signaling, via the coordinated regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics and R-gene transcription.
The Effectiveness of Red Light Cameras in the United States—A Literature Review

Objective: To examine the available scientific evidence based on peer-reviewed publications concerning the effectiveness of red light cameras (RLCs) within the U.S. traffic system. Methods: Relevant literature published prior to December 2012 was retrieved from the PubMed, Medline, and Engineering Index databases using free-text term queries. Jurisdictions with either a fixed number of RLCs studied or area wide programs within the United States were included. RLC studies with additional interventions were excluded. Nine RLC studies were extracted and grouped into 3 categories based on outcome measures: violations, crashes, and injuries/fatalities. Results: All 9 studies reviewed showed significant reductions in the frequency/rate of violations, crashes, and injuries at intersections after RLC implementation. RLC interventions appear to decrease violations, crashes, and injuries at intersections. Conclusions: Despite limited peer-reviewed publications available in the literature, it appears that RLCs decrease violations, crashes, and injuries at intersections. Some studies, however, contained methodological shortcomings. Therefore, the apparent effectiveness should be confirmed with stronger methodological approaches. Although spillover effects appeared to be evident, many of the jurisdictions examined were small in area. Thus, it is unknown whether spillover resulting from RLCs would have similar effects in large metropolitan areas. To determine the full public health impact of RLC programs, crashes, injuries, and fatalities should be considered as primary outcomes of interest. To accomplish this requires a clear definition of which types of crashes will be included for RLC studies. Lastly, it is unknown whether RLCs would be effective in reducing crashes resulting from distracted or alcohol-impaired drivers. Future studies should examine the effects of RLCs by exclusively analyzing these crash types.
MaltOptimizer: A System for MaltParser Optimization

Freely available statistical parsers often require careful optimization to produce state-of-the-art results, which can be a non-trivial task especially for application developers who are not interested in parsing research for its own sake. We present MaltOptimizer, a freely available tool developed to facilitate parser optimization using the open-source system MaltParser, a data-driven parser-generator that can be used to train dependency parsers given treebank data. MaltParser offers a wide range of parameters for optimization, including nine different parsing algorithms, two different machine learning libraries (each with a number of different learners), and an expressive specification language that can be used to define arbitrarily rich feature models. MaltOptimizer is an interactive system that first performs an analysis of the training set in order to select a suitable starting point for optimization and then guides the user through the optimization of parsing algorithm, feature model, and learning algorithm. Empirical evaluation on data from the CoNLL 2006 and 2007 shared tasks on dependency parsing shows that MaltOptimizer consistently improves over the baseline of default settings and sometimes even surpasses the result of manual optimization.
Body-Mind-Spirit Practice for Healthy Aging

This community-based, health promotion intervention for seniors provided a comprehensive review of the effect of body-mind-spirit (BMS) interventions on health behaviors. The 12-week curriculum offered sessions on exercise, nutrition, sexuality, leisure, stress management, cognitive behavioral therapy, forgiveness, and happiness. Gerontological experts carefully reviewed the adequacy of the program's objectives and instructional methods to meet the needs of older adults in South Korea. Seventy community-dwelling older adults were recruited at two community welfare centers and assigned to experimental (n = 32) and control (n = 38) groups. Extensive evaluations found that participation in the BMS program contributed to better outcomes in both physical and spiritual dimensions of health.
Predicting and Understanding Organization Structure.

Size is examined as a predictor of organization structure with data from a British sample of business organizations, supplemented by findings from British labor unions, engineering firms, and the Aston sample of varied work organizations. ' Where possible, comparison is also made with the results of an American study. While the broad outlines of formal organization structures are predictable with a high degree of confidence from a knowledge of organization size, a comparison of size-structure regressions across different industries suggests that other variables must also be taken into account. A solution, more satisfying both theoretically and statistically, emerges when complexity is distinguished from other aspects of structure which more directly constitute the framework of bureaucratic control-namely, the degree of formalization and decentralization. It is then found that while size, with technology, location and environmental variables, predicts complexity, the degree of complexity itself has a more direct relationship with formalization than does size. Size, however, remains the major predictor of decentralization. It is concluded that, in the organizations studied, complexity cannot be satisfactorily predicted or fully understood without reference to the economics of scale, but that it is neither theoretically convincing nor statistically demonstrable that size in itself is the major determinant of formalization.
HIT at TREC 2012 Microblog Track

This paper describes our approaches to the TREC 2012 Microblog Track. We explore the query expansion and document expansion techniques to address the retrieval of short tweet texts. Further, we examine the webpages linked by the URL in a tweet as an external source to improve the performance. Then learning to rank technique is adopted to combine all features for better performance. Finally, we accomplish the microblog filtering via comparing the new tweet against top m relevant tweet retrieved in the history.
A Language for Defining and Detecting Interrelated Complex Changes on RDF(S) Knowledge Bases

The dynamic nature of web data brings forward the need for maintaining data versions as well as identifying changes between them. In this paper, we deal with problems regarding understanding evolution, focusing on RDF(S) knowledge bases, as RDF is a de-facto standard for representing data on the web. We argue that revisiting past snapshots or the differences between them is not enough for understanding how and why data evolved. Instead, changes should be treated as first-class-citizens. In our view, this involves supporting semantically rich, user-defined changes that we call complex changes, as well as identifying the interrelations between them. In this paper, we present our perspective regarding complex changes, propose a declarative language for defining complex changes for RDF(S) knowledge bases, and show how this language is used to detect complex change instances among dataset versions.
Tensor products and correlation estimates with applications to nonlinear Schrödinger equations

We prove new interaction Morawetz‐type (correlation) estimates in one and two dimensions. In dimension 2 the estimate corresponds to the nonlinear diagonal analogue of Bourgain's bilinear refinement of Strichartz. For the two‐dimensional case we provide a proof in two different ways. First, we follow the original approach of Lin and Strauss but applied to tensor products of solutions. We then demonstrate the proof using commutator vector operators acting on the conservation laws of the equation. This method can be generalized to obtain correlation estimates in all dimensions. In one dimension we use the Gauss‐Weierstrass summability method acting on the conservation laws. We then apply the two‐dimensional estimate to nonlinear Schrödinger equations and derive a direct proof of Nakanishi's H1 scattering result for every L2‐supercritical nonlinearity. We also prove scattering below the energy space for a certain class of L2‐supercritical equations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postnatal development of the central skull base: normal variants.

PURPOSE To illustrate the normal variants and developmental anomalies of the skull base on computed tomographic (CT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eighty-nine children (age range, newborn to 18 years; median age, 4.0 years) without skull base deformity were referred for cranial CT. Normal developmental variants in the sphenoid and occipital bones were characterized. RESULTS Sixteen normal variants of central skull base development were identified including anterior foramen in the presphenoid, remnant of the craniopharyngeal canal in the anterior portion of the postsphenoid, rounded defects in the central sphenoid, clefts and fissures along the basiocciput and basisphenoid, basioticum variants, notochordal remnant in the midline of the basiocciput, and fusion variants of the Kerckring ossicle with the supraoccipital portion of the occipital bone. CONCLUSION The location and CT appearance of the 16 variants and anomalies are related to the known embryologic origin of this region. Recognition of such variants may prove necessary in evaluation of patients with skeletal dysplasias and disorders of skull base development.
Phylogenetic position of Multicilia marina and the evolution of Amoebozoa.

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have led to the erection of the phylum Amoebozoa, uniting naked and testate lobose amoebae, the mycetozoan slime moulds and amitochondriate amoeboid protists (Archamoebae). Molecular data together with ultrastructural evidence have suggested a close relationship between Mycetozoa and Archamoebae, classified together in the Conosea, which was named after the cone of microtubules that, when present, is characteristic of their kinetids. However, the relationships of conoseans to other amoebozoans remain unclear. Here, we obtained the complete small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence (2746 bp) of the enigmatic, multiflagellated protist Multicilia marina, which has formerly been classified either in a distinct phylum, Multiflagellata, or among lobose amoebae. Our study clearly shows that Multicilia marina belongs to the Amoebozoa. Phylogenetic analyses including 60 amoebozoan SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that Multicilia marina branches at the base of the Conosea, together with another flagellated amoebozoan, Phalansterium solitarium, as well as with Gephyramoeba sp. , Filamoeba nolandi and two unidentified amoebae. This is the first report showing strong support for a clade containing all flagellated amoebozoans and we discuss the position of the root of the phylum Amoebozoa in the light of this result.
Accelerating asynchronous programs through Event Sneak Peek

Asynchronous or event-driven programming is now being used to develop a wide range of systems, including mobile and Web 2.0 applications, Internet-of-Things, and even distributed servers. We observe that these programs perform poorly on conventional processor architectures that are heavily optimized for the characteristics of synchronous programs. Execution characteristics of asynchronous programs significantly differ from synchronous programs as they interleave short events from varied tasks in a fine-grained manner. This paper proposes the Event Sneak Peek (ESP) architecture to mitigate microarchitectural bottlenecks in asynchronous programs. ESP exploits the fact that events are posted to an event queue before they get executed. By exposing this event queue to the processor, ESP gains knowledge of the future events. Instead of stalling on long latency cache misses, ESP jumps ahead to pre-execute future events and gathers useful information that later help initiate accurate instruction and data prefetches and correct branch mispredictions. We demonstrate that ESP improves the performance of popular asynchronous Web 2.0 applications including Amazon, Google maps, and Facebook, by an average of 16%.
The Relationship Between Teacher Performance Evaluation Scores and Student Achievement: Evidence From Cincinnati

In this article, I present the results of an analysis of the relationship between teacher evaluation scores and student achievement on district and state tests in reading, mathematics, and science in a large Midwestern U.S. school district. Within a value-added framework, I correlated the difference between predicted and actual student achievement in science, mathematics, and reading for students in Grades 3 through 8 with teacher evaluation ratings. Small to moderate positive correlationships were found for most grades in each subject tested. When these correlationships were combined across grades within subjects, the average correlationships were. 27 for science,. 32 for reading, and. 43 for mathematics. These results show that scores from a rigorous teacher evaluation system can be substantially related to student achievement and provide criterion-related validity evidence for the use of the performance evaluation scores as the basis for a performance-based pay system or other decisions with consequences for teachers.
Intra-sex differences in human sexual strategy : an evolutionary perspective

Ten empirical studies were employed to investigate intra-sex differences in human sexual strategy at the genetic, psycho-physiological and psychological levels, all from an evolutionary perspective. The first five studies considered male intra-sex differences. Chapter 7 investigated intra-sex differences in sexual orientation at a genetic level and discovered that averaged gay male faces were perceived as more attractive and less aggressive than averaged straight male faces. Chapters 8 and 9 investigated intra-sex differences at a psycho-physiological level, finding shorter males to be less restricted in sociosexual behaviour than taller males, although no relationship was found between height and potential parental investment. 2D: 4D digit ratio and sociosexuality was also investigated, in which negative relationships were found with sociosexual desire and attitude, but not behaviour. Chapter 10 considered male intra-sex differences at a psychological level and found that sociosexuality was negatively correlated with potential parental investment and positively correlated with self-perceived attractiveness, although no significant relationship was found between potential parental investment and self-perceived attractiveness. Chapter 11 ascertained that there was a significant gender difference in self-perceived attractiveness and sociosexuality. The remaining studies investigated female intra-sex differences at a psycho-physiological and psychological level. Chapter 12 established a significant relationship between a physiological correlate of anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, and cosmetic usage. It also used multilinear regression to provide a model for the prediction of cosmetic usage through personality variables. Additionally, Chapter 13 found no relationship between cosmetic usage and self-perceived attractiveness but a significant relationship between cosmetic usage and sociosexuality. In all empirical studies evolutionary explanations were offered focussing, in the main, on the tenets of Conditional Mating Strategy Theory and Strategic Pluralism as well as Parental Investment Theory and the Multiple Fitness Model. Substantial support was offered for evolutionary explanations of intra-sex diversity within human sexual strategy