Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PAPER At 11 months, prosody still outranks statistics

English-learning 7.5-month-olds are heavily biased to perceive stressed syllables as word onsets. By 11 months, however, infants begin segmenting non-initially stressed words from speech. Using the same artificial language methodology as Johnson and Jusczyk (2001), we explored the possibility that the emergence of this ability is linked to a decreased reliance on prosodic cues to word boundaries accompanied by an increased reliance on syllable distribution cues. In a baseline study, where only statistical cues to word boundaries were present, infants exhibited a familiarity preference for statistical words. When conflicting stress cues were added to the speech stream, infants exhibited a familiarity preference for stress as opposed to statistical words. This was interpreted as evidence that 11-month-olds weight stress cues to word boundaries more heavily than statistical cues. Experiment 2 further investigated these results with a language containing convergent cues to word boundaries. The results of Experiment 2 were not conclusive. A third experiment using new stimuli and a different experimental design supported the conclusion that 11-month-olds rely more heavily on prosodic than statistical cues to word boundaries. We conclude that the emergence of the ability to segment non-initially stressed words from speech is not likely to be tied to an increased reliance on syllable distribution cues relative to stress cues, but instead may emerge due to an increased reliance on and integration of a broad array of segmentation cues.
Duration Adjustment of Acute Exposure Guideline Level Values for Trichloroethylene Using a Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Model

Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) recommendations are developed for 10‐minute, 30‐minute, 1‐hour, 4‐hours, and 8‐hours exposure durations and are designated for three levels of severity: AEGL‐1 represents concentrations above which acute exposures may cause noticeable discomfort including irritation; AEGL‐2 represents concentrations above which acute exposure may cause irreversible health effects or impaired ability to escape; and AEGL‐3 represents concentrations above which exposure may cause life‐threatening health effects or death. The default procedure for setting AEGL values across durations when applicable data are unavailable involves estimation based on Haber's rule, which has an underlying assumption that cumulative exposure is the determinant of toxicity. For acute exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), however, experimental data indicate that momentary tissue concentration, and not the cumulative amount of exposure, is important. We employed an alternative approach to duration adjustments in which a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to predict the arterial blood concentrations [TCEa] associated with adverse outcomes appropriate for AEGL–1, –2, or –3‐level effects. The PBPK model was then used to estimate the atmospheric concentration that produces equivalent [TCEa] at each of the AEGL‐specific exposure durations. This approach yielded [TCEa] values of 4.89 mg/l for AEGL‐1, 18.7 mg/l for AEGL‐2, and 310 mg/l for AEGL‐3. Duration adjustments based on equivalent target tissue doses should provide similar degrees of toxicity protection at different exposure durations.
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol

“Session Initiation Protocol” o SIP (Protocolo de Iniciación de Sesión), es un protocolo de señalización definido por el “Internet Engineering Task Force” o IETF que permite el establecimiento, la liberación y la modificación de sesiones multimedia (RFC3261). Este protocolo hereda de ciertas funcionalidades de los protocolos “Hyper Text Transport Protocol” o “htp”, utilizados para navegar sobre el WEB y “Simple Mail Transport Protocol” o “SMTP”, utilizados para transmitir mensajes electrónicos (e-mails). SIP se apoya sobre un modelo transaccional cliente / servidor como htp. El direccionamiento utiliza el concepto “Uniform Resource Locator” o “URL SIP” parecido a una dirección E-mail. Cada participante en una red SIP es entonces alcanzable vía una dirección, por medio de una URL SIP. Por otra parte, los requerimientos SIP son satisfechos por respuestas identificadas por un código digital. De hecho, la mayor parte de los códigos de respuesta SIP han sido tomados del protocolo http. Por ejemplo, cuando el destinatario no esta ubicado, un código de respuesta «404 Not Found» esta devuelto. Un requerimiento SIP esta constituido de “headers” o encabezamientos, al igual que un mando SMTP. Por fin, SIP, al igual de SMPT es un protocolo textual.
The Language Parallax: Linguistic Relativism and Poetic Indeterminacy

Paul Friedrich: An Appreciation, by William Bright Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. A Background History of Linguistic Relativism 3. Linguistic Relativism and Poetic Indeterminacy: A Reformulation of Sapir's Position 4. Indeterminacy in Linguistic Fieldwork 5. The Poetry of Language in the Politics of Dreams 6. The Unheralded Revolution in the Sonnet: Toward a Generative Model 7. The Poem as Parallactic Position: Seven Poems 8. Linguistic Relativity and the Order-to-Chaos Continuum 9. Toward an Improved Theory of Linguistic Relativism and Poetic Indeterminacy Notes Bibliography Permission Notices Index of Names and Titles Subject Index
Membrane lipid integrity relies on a threshold of ATP production rate in potato cell cultures submitted to anoxia

In this paper we report on our study of the changes in biomass, lipid composition, and fermentation end products, as well as in the ATP level and synthesis rate in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) cells submitted to anoxia stress. During the first phase of about 12 h, cells coped with the reduced energy supply brought about by fermentation and their membrane lipids remained intact. The second phase (12-24 h), during which the energy supply dropped down to 1% to 2% of its maximal theoretical normoxic value, was characterized by an extensive hydrolysis of membrane lipids to free fatty acids. This autolytic process was ascribed to the activation of a lipolytic acyl hydrolase. Cells were also treated under normoxia with inhibitors known to interfere with energy metabolism. Carbonyl-cyanide-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone did not induce lipid hydrolysis, which was also the case when sodium azide or salicylhydroxamic acid were fed separately. However, the simultaneous use of sodium azide plus salicylhydroxamic acid or 2-deoxy-D-glucose plus iodoacetate with normoxic cells promoted a lipid hydrolysis pattern similar to that seen in anoxic cells. Therefore, a threshold exists in the rate of ATP synthesis (approximately 10 &mgr;mol g-1 fresh weight h-1), below which the integrity of the membranes in anoxic potato cells cannot be preserved.
Comparing police eyewitness and lay eyewitnesses: The effect of eyewitness reputation and procedural justice on juror verdict decisions

Verdict decisions can have potentially severe consequences for defendants including incarceration or even capital punishment. Previous researchers have identified many factors that can influence these decisions. One of the most influential aspects of juror decisions identified by researchers is witness testimony; however, there has been little empirical research on police officers as witnesses. Jurors may have pre-existing attitudes about the police that may influence how they view police officer witnesses on the stand. Furthermore, special rules govern the admission of credibility evidence against a police officer witness in the state of New Hampshire. The purpose of the study was threefold: the first purpose was to determine if there was an effect of witness type (lay, police officer) on juror decisions; the second purpose was to determine if there was an effect of police officer eyewitness reputation manipulation (good, bad, control) on evaluations of the eyewitness and juror decisions; and the third purpose was to examine the role of the procedural justice model of legal socialization on juror decisions. Results indicated that participants presented with a lay eyewitness were significantly more likely to render a guilty verdict than participants presented with a police officer eyewitness. Furthermore, participants presented with a police officer eyewitness with a good reputation or a police officer eyewitness with no reputation information provided were significantly more likely to acquit the defendant than participants presented with a police officer eyewitness with a bad reputation. These effects only emerged following group deliberation suggesting an effect of group discussion of the case. Results also provided partial support for the procedural justice model of legal socialization in predicting juror decisions. The findings from the current study advance the existing eyewitness research to include police officers as eyewitnesses and have policy implications for the rules governing police officer witnesses in the state of New Hampshire.
A Combination of Micronutrients Is Beneficial in Reducing the Incidence of Prostate Cancer and Increasing Survival in the Lady Transgenic Model

We have previously shown that administration of a combination of micronutrients (selenium, vitamin E, and lycopene) inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) development in the Lady transgenic model. In the present study, we examine timing of initiation of micronutrients, and the effect of micronutrient combinations, on PCa development in Lady transgenic model. Transgenic males were randomized to either a control diet; control diet supplemented with human equivalent doses of vitamin E, selenium, and lycopene (E+S+L); or control diet supplemented with vitamin E and selenium (E+S). In separate experiments, the combination of E+S+L was initiated at varying time points (4, 8, 20, and 36 weeks of age). A combination of E+S+L resulted in a significant reduction in PCa and liver metastasis when intervention was commenced within 8 weeks of age (P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong correlation between disease-free state with up-regulation of the prognostic marker p27Kip1 (P < 0.0001) and decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and significantly increased apoptotic index (P < 0.0001). On the contrary, a combination of E+S was not effectual in preventing PCa, with a high proportion (84.6%) of animals developing PCa and a small proportion (11.5%) developing high-grade PIN. Early commencement of micronutrients (E+S+L) is beneficial in reducing PCa. Lycopene is an essential component of the combination and effective (when used with E+S) for PCa prevention. These observations provide support for their chemopreventive effect and some clues about their mechanism of action. These key findings will be complementary to the outcome from the Selenium and Vitamin E Chemoprevention Trial.
The clinical application of progressive filtering in normal and disordered populations

The present study examined the effect of progressive filter testing in children with normal auditory processing skills and children with (central) auditory processing disorders [(C)APD]. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a new screening procedure designed by the investigator called Progressive Filtering would differentiate between a control group (i.e. children with normal auditory processing skills) and an experimental group [children with (C)APD] . Twenty subjects (age 6 to 14 years) participated in the study. All subjects received an audiological examination, an auditory processing test battery, and the Progressive Filtering screening tool. Results indicated that the investigator-designed Progressive Filtering screening tool did differentiate between the control and experimental groups for certain frequencies.
Comparing the Meanings of Food in Different Chinese Societies: The Cases of Taiwan and Malaysia

Existing literature sheds little light on how Chinese consumers in any two societies perceive and consume food. In this study, the food perceptions of Taiwanese and Malaysian Chinese consumers are compared using a projective technique. Using images collected by respondents, both conscious and tacit interpretations of food were obtained. Findings reveal that Taiwanese and Malaysian Chinese share similar, but not identical, food perceptions. In this study, food is interpreted from a triadic framework: utilitarian (health, sustenance); hedonic (freedom, happiness, excitement, enjoyment, knowledge acquisition, love); and symbolic (sharing, warm relationships with others). Based on the emerged findings, the theoretical contributions of the study are highlighted, a number of managerial implications are proposed, and future research opportunities are recommended.
Introducing patterns (or any new idea) into organizations (poster session)

Those who have used patterns are aware that this literary form, and its corresponding process and community support, is providing a way to capture best practices and communicate them throughout organizations and the entire software industry. However, many who have tried to introduce patterns (or any new idea) into their organizations have found it to be a difficult task. Therefore, a pattern language, currently titled Evolving a Patterns Culture, is being written to capture solutions to the challenges in introducing patterns (or any new idea) into an organization.
Insect lipoprotein biogenesis depends on an amphipathic β cluster in apolipophorin II/I and is stimulated by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Published, JLR Papers in Press, June 13, 2007.

Lipoproteins transport lipids in the circulation of an evolutionally wide diversity of animals. The pathway for lipoprotein biogenesis has been revealed to a large extent in mammals only, in which apolipoprotein B (apoB) acquires lipids via the assistance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and binds them by means of amphipathic protein structures. To investigate whether this is a common mechanism for lipoprotein biogenesis in animals, we studied the structural elements involved in the assembly of the insect lipoprotein, lipophorin. LOCATE sequence analysis predicted that the insect lipoprotein precursor, apolipophorin II/I (apoLp-II/I), contains clusters of amphipathic α-helices and β-strands, organized along the protein as N-α1-β-α2-C, reminiscent of a truncated form of apoB. Recombinant expression of a series of C-terminal truncation variants of Locusta migratoria apoLp-II/I in an insect cell (Sf9) expression system revealed that the formation of a buoyant high density lipoprotein requires the amphipathic β cluster. Coexpression of apoLp-II/I with the MTP homolog of Drosophila melanogaster affected insect lipoprotein biogenesis quantitatively as well as qualitatively, as the secretion of apoLp-II/I proteins was increased several-fold and the buoyant density of the secreted lipoprotein decreased concomitantly, indicative of augmented lipidation. Based on these findings, we propose that, despite specific modifications, the assembly of lipoproteins involves MTP as well as amphipathic structures in the apolipoprotein carrier, both in mammals and insects. Thus, lipoprotein biogenesis in animals appears to rely on structural elements that are of early metazoan origin.
Comparison of HASTE and segmented-HASTE sequences with a T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence in the screening evaluation of the brain.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroradiologic application of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) and segmented-HASTE (s-HASTE) sequences in comparison with a T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, HASTE, s-HASTE, and fast spin-echo sequences were evaluated for blurring artifacts with a stationary phantom and for motion artifacts with a moving phantom, which repeated constant or intermittent to-and-fro motions at variable intervals. Second, 30 consecutive patients with various intracranial diseases were prospectively examined with the three sequences. Lesions were classified into four groups according to size and signal intensity on fast spin-echo MR images as follows: large hyperintense, small hyperintense, small markedly hyperintense, and hypointense lesions. Signal intensities of the lesion, putamen, and gray matter were compared with the signal intensity of white matter, and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. Overall image quality, conspicuity of lesions, delineation of the junction between gray matter and white matter, conspicuity of the putamen, and certain types of artifacts were evaluated qualitatively. RESULTS In the phantom study, the HASTE sequence was least affected by motion artifacts and the fast spin-echo sequence was most affected although the images of the HASTE sequence were most degraded by blurring artifacts. In the clinical study, we found no significant differences among the three sequences for contrast-to-noise ratios or conspicuity of large hyperintense and small markedly hyperintense lesions. However, the contrast-to-noise ratios of hypointense lesions and gray matter, and the conspicuity of hypointense lesions were significantly poorer for the HASTE sequence than for the fast spin-echo sequence. The contrast-to-noise ratios of small hyperintense lesions and the putamen, conspicuity of small hyperintense lesions and putamen, and delineation of the junction between gray matter and white matter were significantly poorer for HASTE and s-HASTE sequences than for the fast spin-echo sequence. Ghost artifacts, which were observed during the s-HASTE sequence, were sometimes superimposed on the image. CONCLUSION The HASTE and s-HASTE sequences afford substantial time reduction and also decrease motion artifacts and thus have potential advantages for neuroradiologic application, especially in uncooperative or unsedated children. The s-HASTE sequence may be preferable to the HASTE sequence because of fewer blurring artifacts and higher T2 contrast. However, small hyperintense and hypointense lesions may be overlooked when HASTE and s-HASTE sequences are used.
Alternative optimal filter for linear systems with multiple state and observation delays

In this paper, the optimal filtering problem for linear systems with multiple state and observation delays is treated using the optimal estimate of the state transition matrix. As a result, the alternative optimal filter is derived in the form similar to the traditional Kalman-Bucy one, i.e., consists of only two equations, for the optimal estimate and the estimation error variance. This presents a significant advantage in comparison to the previously obtained optimal filter [1], which includes infinite or variable number of covariance equations, unboundedly growing as the filtering horizon tends to infinity. Performances of the two optimal filters are compared in example; the obtained results are discussed.
Low Contrast Charts Effectively Differentiate between Types of Blur

ABSTRACT Test charts with three different contrast levels were used to measure acuity of six subjects at distance and near. Reduction in measured acuity as a result of refractive defocus was shown to be independent of contrast level. Reduction in measured acuity with diffusive blur was greater on the medium and low contrast charts than on the high contrast chart. We advocate the use of charts with two different contrast levels to help differentiate between causes of visual degradation.
Porcine oocyte mtDNA copy number is high or low depending on the donor

Summary Oocyte capacity is relevant in understanding decreasing female fertility and in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in human and farm animals. Mitochondria are important to the development of a functionally good oocyte and the oocyte mtDNA copy number has been introduced as a useful parameter for prediction of oocyte competence. The aim of this study was to investigate: (i) if the oocyte donor has an influence on its oocyte's mtDNA copy number; and (ii) the relation between oocyte size and mtDNA copy number using pre- and postpubertal pig oocytes. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected from individual donor pigs. The oocytes were allocated into different size-groups, snap-frozen and single-oocyte mtDNA copy number was estimated by quantitative real-time PCR using the genes ND1 and COX1. Results showed that mean mtDNA copy number in oocytes from any individual donor could be categorized as either ‘high’ (≥100,000) or ‘low’ (<100,000) with no difference in threshold between pre- and postpubertal oocytes. No linear correlation was detected between oocyte size and mtDNA copy number within pre- and postpubertal oocytes. This study demonstrates the importance of the oocyte donor in relation to oocyte mtDNA copy number, irrespectively of the donor's puberty status and the oocyte's growth stage. Observations from this study facilitate both further investigations of the importance of mtDNA copy number and the unravelling of relations between different mitochondrial parameters and oocyte competence.
Synchronous bilateral testis cancer: clinical and oncological management

Synchronous bilateral testis cancer (SBTC) is a rare event. It represents only 0.5–1% of all new cases of testicular cancer. Patients with this disease require careful management for psychological, oncological, and medical problems. We performed a PubMed search for all series that reported SBTC. We considered only articles in English, reporting on more than three cases. We also performed an analysis of the reported evidence regarding testosterone replacement and surgical treatment. We found 10 studies satisfying inclusion criteria for a total of 73 patients. The majority are bilateral seminoma, which present with a low stage at diagnosis, and mixed histology tumours, both with a good overall survival. On the other hand, cases with bilateral non-seminoma histology are associated with poor prognosis and high stage at presentation. Testis-sparing surgery should be an eligible choice in selected cases, to preserve fertility and avoid testosterone deficiency. Multiple biopsies are recommended in these patients, and in the case of intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) presence, scrotal radiotherapy is mandatory. Subcutaneous testosterone pellets guarantee higher patient acceptance and physiological testosterone levels. Lifelong follow-up and psychological support, with special care for infertility and erectile dysfunction, must be considered in this cohort of patients.
A Curvature-Tensor-Based Perceptual Quality Metric for 3D Triangular Meshes

Perceptual quality assessment of 3D triangular meshes is crucial for a variety of applications. In this paper, we present a new objective metric for assessing the visual difference between a reference triangular mesh and its distorted version produced by lossy operations, such as noise addition, simplification, compression and watermarking. The proposed metric is based on the measurement of the distance between curvature tensors of the two meshes under comparison. Our algorithm uses not only tensor eigenvalues (i.e., curvature amplitudes) but also tensor eigenvectors (i.e., principal curvature directions) to derive a perceptually-oriented tensor distance. The proposed metric also accounts for the visual masking effect of the human visual system, through a roughness-based weighting of the local tensor distance. A final score that reflects the visual difference between two meshes is obtained via a Minkowski pooling of the weighted local tensor distances over the mesh surface. We validate the performance of our algorithm on four subjectively-rated visual mesh quality databases, and compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art objective metrics. Experimental results show that our approach achieves high correlation between objective scores and subjective assessments.