Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission System Restoration: Co-optimization of repairs, load pickups, and generation dispatch

This paper studies the restoration of a transmission system after a significant disruption (e.g., a natural disaster). It considers the co-optimization of repairs, load pickups, and generation dispatch to produce a sequencing of the repairs that minimizes the size of the blackout over time. The core of this process is a Restoration Ordering Problem (ROP), a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear program that is outside the capabilities of existing solver technologies. To address this computational barrier, the paper examines two approximations of the power flow equations: The DC model and the recently proposed LPAC model. Systematic, large-scale testing indicates that the DC model is not sufficiently accurate for solving the ROP. In contrast, the LPAC power flow model, which captures reactive power and voltage magnitudes, is sufficiently accurate to obtain restoration plans that can be converted into AC-feasible power flows. Experiments also suggest that the LPAC model provides a robust and appealing tradeoff of accuracy and computational performance for solving the ROP.
Research with children and young people

Research with children: perspectives and practices (2nd revised ed.), edited by Pia Christensen and Allison James, London, Routledge, 2008, 312 pp., £25.99 (paperback), ISBN10: 0415416841, ISBN13: 9780415416849 Researching young people’s lives by Sue Heath, Rachel Brooks, by Elizabeth Cleaver and Eleanor Ireland, E. London, Sage, 2009, 224 pp., £20.99 (paperback), ISBN10: 1412910560, ISBN13: 9781412910569 Doing visual research with children and young people, edited by Pat Thomson, London, Routledge, 2008, 240 pp., £25.99 (paperback), ISBN10: 0415431107, ISBN13: 9780415431101
Inflammatory effects of Salmonella typhimurium porins

The inflammatory activity of porins purified from Salmonella typhimurium has been investigated. Porins (0.3 to 30 micrograms) injected into the rat paw induced a dose-related edema that was not due to lipopolysaccharide contamination and did not appear to be dependent on the activation of the complement system. The edema induced by 30 micrograms of porins was comparable to that caused by 1 mg of carrageenin and was inhibited by indomethacin (5 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg). Porins (1 to 10 micrograms/ml) induced a concentration-related release of histamine from rat peritoneal cells. These results are discussed in the light of the possible pathogenic role of porins in infections.
Trends in Global Assisted Reproductive Technologies Research: a Scientometrics study

Introduction This study illustrated the global contribution to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) research in MEDLINE database from 1998 to 2014. Methods In March 2015, the MEDLINE database was searched for research publications indexed under ‘reproductive techniques, assisted’ (including the following MeSH headings: in vitro fertilization [IVF]; intracytoplasmic sperm injections; cryopreservation; and ovulation induction), with the following expressions in the fields of title or abstract: intrauterine insemination; sperm donation; embryo/egg donation and surrogate mothers. The number of publications in MEDLINE database was recorded for each individual year, 1998–2014, and for each country. The following countries were arbitrarily selected for data retrieval: United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Japan (G7 countries), Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC countries), Egypt, Turkey, Israel and Iran. Results The absolute number of publications for each country from 1998 to 2014 ranged from 75 to 16453, with a median of 2024. The top five countries were the US (16453 publications), the UK (5427 publications), Japan (4805), China (4660) and France (3795). ART (20277), cryopreservation (11623) and IVF (11209) were the most researched areas. Conclusion Global research on ARTs were geographically distributed and highly concentrated among the world’s richest countries. Cryopreservation and IVF were the most productive research domains among ARTs.
Clinical Value of the Ottawa Ankle Rules for Diagnosis of Fractures in Acute Ankle Injuries

Background The Ottawa ankle rules (OAR) are clinical decision guidelines used to identify whether patients with ankle injuries need to undergo radiography. The OAR have been proven that their application reduces unnecessary radiography. They have nearly perfect sensitivity for identifying clinically significant ankle fractures. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of the OAR in China, to examine their accuracy for the diagnosis of fractures in patients with acute ankle sprains, and to assess their clinical utility for the detection of occult fractures. Methods In this prospective study, patients with acute ankle injuries were enrolled during a 6-month period. The eligible patients were examined by emergency orthopedic specialists using the OAR, and then underwent ankle radiography. The results of examination using the OAR were compared with the radiographic results to assess the accuracy of the OAR for ankle fractures. Patients with OAR results highly suggestive of fracture, but no evidence of a fracture on radiographs, were advised to undergo 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Results 183 patients with ankle injuries were enrolled in the study and 63 of these injuries involved fractures. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the OAR for detection of fractures of the ankle were 96.8%, 45.8%, 48.4% and 96.5%, respectively. Our results suggest that clinical application of the OAR could decrease unnecessary radiographs by 31.1%. Of the 21 patients with positive OAR results and negative radiographic findings who underwent 3D-CT examination, five had occult fractures of the lateral malleolus. Conclusions The OAR are applicable in the Chinese population, and have high sensitivity and modest specificity for the diagnosis of fractures associated with acute ankle injury. They may detect some occult fractures of the malleoli that are not visible on radiographs.
Commercializing Conservation in South Africa

The field of development studies has produced a number of institutional ethnographies in recent years that evaluate the internal workings of development agencies such as the World Bank or grassroots social organizations. Although within the social sciences research on conservation often emphasizes the power of international conservation institutions, there have been few comparable studies assessing the internal workings of these organizations. In addition, less is known about the specific activities of national and provincial conservation agencies operating in the Global South. Ethnographies of these institutions are also needed in order to examine how conservation is variously understood and executed by organizations within different contexts. This paper presents an institutional ethnography of the Mpumalanga Parks Board, which is the chief conservation agency operating in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Following the 1994 democratic elections, the Mpumalanga Parks Board pursued a neoliberal commercialized conservation mandate that reflected the position of natural resource management in relation to other national priorities. This paper traces out the construction of the commercialization discourse in order to understand the internal and external factors that produced it while assessing its implications for nature preservation. Although the commercialization drive emulated a general trend towards neoliberal decentralization in the Global South, I argue that its particular manifestations were deeply embedded in South Africa's particular spatial economy and history of racial segregation. In tracing out the commercialization discourse from within the conservation agency itself, this paper assists in an understanding of how neoliberalism shapes natural resource management and can become hegemonic at the expense of other possibilities.
Eukaryotes learn how to count: quorum sensing by yeast.

Signaling mechanisms that govern physiological and morphological responses to changes in cell density are common in bacteria. Quorum sensing, as such signal transduction processes are called, involves the production of, release of, and response to hormone-like molecules (autoinducers) that accumulate in the external environment as the cell population grows. Quorum sensing is found in a wide variety of bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, and the spectrum of physiological functions that can be regulated is impressive indeed. Variation in the nature of the extracellular signal, in the signal detection machinery, and in the mechanisms of signal transmission demonstrates the evolutionary adaptability of quorum sensing systems for multiple uses. One testament to the range of these uses and to the general importance of quorum sensing in bacterial physiology comes from a PubMed search using “quorum” as the query: Well over 1000 articles have been published in the last 10 years. Here, we review the universal strategies that characterize bacterial quorum sensing and provide a glimpse of the diverse physiological settings in which it operates. We then discuss recent evidence for quorum sensing in different fungal species and conclude with an especially compelling case in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, described by Chen and Fink (2006) in this issue of Genes & Development.
Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised profiles of male patients with Asperger's syndrome detained in high security psychiatric care

‘Asperger’s syndrome’ (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder falling at the high end of functioning along the autistic spectrum. It is characterized by significant impairments in social communication, in social interaction, and in different dimensions of imagination (Wing, 1981). While there is an expanding body of case studies in the forensic literature describing individuals with AS, the only two prevalence studies of forensic cases within high security psychiatric care to date suggest that individuals with AS comprise approximately 3% of the total patient population (e.g., Hare, Gould, Mills, & Wing, 1999; Scragg & Shah, 1994). Comparison studies of AS patients with patients with schizophrenia or a personality disorder detained in high security psychiatric care have suggested both similarities and differences in some presenting cognitive and clinical characteristics (e.g., Murphy, 2003, 2006). An unexplored but interesting dimension of AS, particularly of those individuals detained within forensic services, is the prevalence of personality features and behaviours associated with psychopathy. Anecdotal reports in the literature highlight the similarities of some presenting features observed in both AS and psychopathy, such as displaying egocentric behaviour and a lack of empathy (e.g., Gillberg, 2002). Examining the comorbidity of psychopathy with other psychiatric disorders is also of interest because it may have implications for understanding causal mechanisms,
Validation of a New Skinfold Prediction Equation Based on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Skinfold prediction equations recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine underestimate body fat percentage. The purpose of this research was to validate an alternative equation for men created from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Two hundred ninety-seven males, aged 18–65, completed a skinfold assessment and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to determine percent of body fat. Three American College of Sports Medicine equations (JP7, JP3a, and JP3b) and the new dual energy x-ray absorptiometry criterion equation were used to predict percent of body fat. Mean age was 32.4 ± 14.0 years and mean BMI was 25.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2. The mean dual energy x-ray absorptiometry percent of body fat was 18.0 ± 5.9. The mean percent of body fat for Dual Energy X-Ray Aborptiometry (DC), JP7, JP3a, and JP3b were 19.1 ± 6.3, 16.1 ± 7.4, 14.8 ± 6.8, 15.6 ± 6.7, respectively. The standard error of the estimate of DC was low (2.72%) and was highly correlated (R2 = 0.87) with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The DC equation more accurately predicted percent of body fat across a general population of men than the recommended American College of Sports Medicine equations.
Affect and Identification in Social Comparison After Loss of Work

This study examined the effects of social comparison among 172 individuals who had recently lost their jobs in a collective dismissal of employees. A part of a fictitious interview with another fired person was presented to the participants. This interview contained social comparison information on the target's condition in coping or social support. The results indicated that social comparison with a target doing well generated more positive affect and less negative affect that social comparison with a target doing poorly. In addition, participants who were highly stressed as a result of being unemployed experienced more negative and less positive affect following social comparison than those who were low in stress. These effects of experienced stress were partly mediated by heightened identification with others doing poorly and by lowered identification with a target who coped well among those high in stress.
Intention, Agency and Criminal Liability: Philosophy of Action and the Criminal Law

The book (originally published in 1990, now out of print, but occasionally still requested) aims to introduce law students to some of the philosophical dimensions of their subject, and to show philosophy students (in particular students of moral philosophy and philosophy of action) how attention to topics in criminal law theory can illuminate their subjects. It discusses a range of issues concerning concepts of action and their bearing on criminal liability: in particular, actus reus and mens rea; the meaning and legal significance of intention; recklessness; action; criminal attempts; responsibility.
The benefits of information communication technology use by the homeless: a narrative synthesis review

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that technologies are becoming an increasingly ubiquitous element in the lives of individuals experiencing homelessness. With both Canadian and US researchers reporting staggering levels of homelessness on both sides of the border, an understanding and synthesis of the current literature exploring how technologies are being utilized by homeless individuals and how it may impact their well-being is of relevance to policy makers and social service organizations. The study explored and synthesized literature to examine the ways in which individuals experiencing homelessness utilize information and communication technologies (ICTs), and how the use of ICTs influences the health and social outcomes of individuals experiencing homelessness. The study examined 16 peer reviewed articles using a narrative synthesis systematic review, following three elements of the narrative synthesis approach: preliminary synthesis of findings; exploration of relationships between studies; and assessment of the robustness of the synthesis. In relation to what ICTs are used for by homeless individuals, three major themes emerged: social connectedness, identity management, and instrumental purposes. Furthermore, there was some tentative evidence about a positive relationship between ICT use among individuals experiencing homelessness and health outcomes. The paper discussed limitations, future areas of research, as well as some policy directions.
Driven to Distraction: Extraneous Events and Underreaction to Earnings News

Recent studies propose that limited investor attention causes market underreactions. This paper directly tests this explanation by measuring the information load faced by investors. The "investor distraction hypothesis" holds that extraneous news inhibits market reactions to relevant news. We find that the immediate price and volume reaction to a firm's earnings surprise is much weaker, and post-announcement drift much stronger, when a greater number of same-day earnings announcements are made by other firms. We evaluate the economic importance of distraction effects through a trading strategy, which yields substantial alphas. Industry-unrelated news and large earnings surprises have a stronger distracting effect. Copyright (c) 2009 the American Finance Association.
Cohabitation in Norway: An Accepted and Gradually More Regulated Way of Living

The modern form of cohabitation started later and developed more slowly in Norway than in the other Scandinavian countries. Now the differences between the Scandinavian countries are much smaller, and cohabitation is more common than in any other parts of Europe. The percentage of Norwegian women aged twenty to thirty-nine who are cohabiting is more than twice that in Great Britain. Several responses to the changing family behaviour have been adopted since the late 1960s, but major amendments in the laws and regulations were not put into force until the 1990s. Today, cohabiting couples who have children together or have lived together for minimum two years will have many of the same rights and obligations to social security, pensions and taxation as their married counterparts. As regards the economic relationships between cohabiting partners no intervention is still the main principle. The Norwegian family policy reflects a relatively smooth and pragmatic adaption to the changing nuptiality pattern, but there is no wish to erase totally the differences between cohabiting and married couples.
Does the medial orbitofrontal cortex have a role in social valuation?

It has been claimed that social behaviour changes after lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, lesions in humans are rarely restricted to a well defined cortical area. Although vmPFC lesions usually include medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), they typically also affect subgenual and/or perigenual anterior cingulate cortex. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of mOFC in social valuation and decision‐making. We tested four macaque monkeys prior to and after focal lesions of mOFC. Comparison of the animals’ pre‐ and postoperative performance revealed that, unlike lesions of anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg), lesions of mOFC did not induce alterations in social valuation. MOFC lesions did, however, induce mild impairments in a probabilistic two‐choice decision task, which were not seen after ACCg lesions. In summary, the double dissociation between the patterns of impairment suggest that vmPFC involvement in both decision‐making and social valuation may be mediated by distinct subregions centred on mOFC and ACCg respectively.
La distinctíon: Critique sociale du jugement

Pierre Bourdieu est considéré comme un des représentants les plus éminents de la sociologie française contemporaine. Au confluent d’une triple tradition, celle de Marx, de Weber et de Durkheim, il est considéré comme le représentant d’une « école sociologique », celle du structuralisme génétique ou structuralisme critique. Cet ouvrage (Éditions de Minuit, 1979, 668 p.) se scinde en trois parties, successivement intitulées « critique sociale du jugement de goût »(chapitre 1), « l’économie des pratiques »(chapitres 2 à 4), « goûts de classe et style de vie »(chapitres 5 à 8). Les annexes sont consacrées aux aspects méthodologiques. Pierre Bourdieu y propose, comme l’indique le soustitre de l’ouvrage, une analyse sociologique des dispositions et des jugements éthiques et esthétiques en les considérant comme l’enjeu et le produit de luttes entre groupes sociaux.
Eliminating Gender Differences Through Practice in an Applied Visual Spatial Task

Training strategies to reduce the well-documented (e.g., Lim & Petersen, 1985; Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995) gender difference in visual spatial ability were investigated. Participants (21 men, 21 women) were trained under 1 of 2 conditions to estimate the orientation angle of a ship viewed on a submarine periscope simulator. The data were analyzed in a 3 by 2 by 2 (Training Conditions by Gender by Test Session) mixed design with repeated measures over the last variable. A significant Training Condition by Gender interaction revealed large performance differences in favor of men in the control group and the group trained using an instruction manual. However, no significant gender difference was found for participants trained with repeated practice accompanied by feedback. This suggests that even a brief training session, using an appropriate instructional strategy, may be all that is required to increase the mental rotation performance of women to the level of men on a specific task. The benefit of the in.
Semantic and Conceptual Knowledge Underlying Bilingual Babies' First Signs and Words

We addressed the question of how babies exposed to two languages simultaneously acquire the meanings of words across their two languages. In particular, we attempted to shed new light on whether babies know that they are acquiring different lexicons right from the start, or whether early bilingual exposure causes them to be semantically confused. We propose a collection of research methods that, taken together, can answer these questions, which have hitherto received scant attention. Six hearing babies were videotaped for one hour on average seven times over one year (ages ranging from 0;7 to 2;2); three babies were acquiring French and English, and three French and LSQ. These populations offer unique insights into the semantic knowledge underlying bilingual as well as monolingual language acquisition. We found that the babies (1) acquired their two languages on the same timetable as monolinguals and (2) produced translation equivalents in their very first lexicons. Further, their early words (signs) in each language (3) were constrained along kind boundaries, (4) showed fundamentally similar semantic organization across their dual lexicons, and (5) reflected the meanings of their favorite things first. We also discuss why attributions that young bilinguals are delayed and confused have prevailed and we show that they are neither at this point in development. Finally, the present findings show how research of this type can provide a method for making bilingual norms wholly attainable.
Staying Close to Home: Women's Life-Choices and the Superintendency.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of lifestyle factors including geographical relocation, accommodation for dual earner careers, and availability of family or non-family domestic help on the career choices of women assistant superintendents and superintendents in school districts in the USA. Women’s access to the superintendency continues to make slow progress, a trend traditionally attributed to gender bias. However, working women increasingly make career choices based on perceptions of lifestyle and domestic responsibilities that may self-limit their access to positions that would further their careers. Design/methodology/approach – The study is set in Pennsylvania, where women occupy 26 percent of superintendents’ positions. Women superintendents and assistant superintendents in 2011-2012 were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the compatibility of the requirements of the position of superintendent with their lifestyle priorities. Findings – The responses of 109 resp.