Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of Rb2/p130 in breast and endometrial cancer: correlations with hormone receptor status

Rb2/p130 is a member of the retinoblastoma family of proteins, consisting of Rb, Rb2 and p107, which are important negative regulators of cell cycle progression and differentiation. While Rb2 downregulation was observed in several malignant tumours including endometrial cancer, the role of p130 in breast carcinomas is still unknown. We investigated Rb2 protein expression in tumour tissue from 68 mammary and 41 endometrial carcinomas, 4 mammary cell lines, and normal tissue samples. Therefore, we performed Western blot experiments for Rb2, Rb, and the oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR-A, PR-B). Weak or absent Rb2 expression was more often found in endometrial (59%) than in mammary carcinomas (24%). We found significant positive correlations of Rb2 expression with Rb, ER, and PR-B in breast cancer samples, and of Rb2 with Rb, PR-A, PR-B, and younger age in endometrial carcinomas. No significant associations with histological grading, stage, nodal involvement, or Ki67 staining were detected. Rb2 mRNA expression was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 56 endometrial or mammary tissue samples and correlated significantly with Western blot results. Our results indicate that loss of Rb2 expression, mostly by transcriptional down-regulation, may be associated with the development and dedifferentiation of most endometrial and a subset of mammary carcinomas. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Continuously increasing number and incidence of fall-induced, fracture-associated, spinal cord injuries in elderly persons.

BACKGROUND Although osteoporosis, falls, and fractures among older adults are said to be a continuously increasing public health problem, reliable epidemiological information on their secular trends is very limited. OBJECTIVE To determine the current trend in the number and incidence of fall-induced, fracture-associated, spinal cord injuries in a typical white population (Finland, a country with about 5 million inhabitants). METHODS All Finns aged 50 years or older who were admitted to hospitals from January 1, 1970, through December 31, 1995, for primary treatment of an acute fall-induced, fracture-associated, spinal cord injury were selected from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Similar patients aged 20 through 39 years served as a reference group. In each year of the study, the number and the age-specific and age-adjusted incidences of injuries were expressed as the number of patients per 100,000 persons. RESULTS The total number of fall-induced, fracture-associated, spinal cord injuries of Finnish older adults increased considerably during the study period, from 60 in 1970 to 419 in 1995 (an average increase of 24% annually). The corresponding injury incidence was 5 in 1970 and 27 in 1995. The age-adjusted incidence of these injuries also increased from 1970 to 1995: in women, from 5 to 29, and in men, from 7 to 17 (relative increases were 480% and 143%, respectively). In the reference group, no trend changes by time were observed. CONCLUSIONS In Finnish persons aged 50 years or older, the number of fall-induced, fracture-associated, spinal cord injuries shows a rise with a rate that cannot be explained merely by demographic changes. The finding shows an increasing influence of osteoporosis and falls on health and well-being of our older adults, and therefore, vigorous preventive measures are needed to control this development.
How adoption speed affects the abandonment of cultural tastes

Products, styles, and social movements often catch on and become popular, but little is known about why such identity-relevant cultural tastes and practices die out. We demonstrate that the velocity of adoption may affect abandonment: Analysis of over 100 years of data on first-name adoption in both France and the United States illustrates that cultural tastes that have been adopted quickly die faster (i.e., are less likely to persist). Mirroring this aggregate pattern, at the individual level, expecting parents are more hesitant to adopt names that recently experienced sharper increases in adoption. Further analysis indicate that these effects are driven by concerns about symbolic value: Fads are perceived negatively, so people avoid identity-relevant items with sharply increasing popularity because they believe that they will be short lived. Ancillary analyses also indicate that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, identity-relevant cultural products that are adopted quickly tend to be less successful overall (i.e., reduced cumulative adoption). These results suggest a potential alternate way to explain diffusion patterns that are traditionally seen as driven by saturation of a pool of potential adopters. They also shed light on one factor that may lead cultural tastes to die out.
Analysis of practical backoff protocols for contention resolution with multiple servers

Backoff protocols are probably the most widely used protocols for contention resolution in multiple access channels. In this paper, we analyze the stochastic behavior of backoff protocols for contention resolution among a set of clients and servers. each server being a multiple access channel that deals with contention like an ethernet channel. We use the standard model in which each client generates requests for a given server according to a Bernoulli distribution with a specified mean. Theclient? server request rateof a system is the maximum over all client? server pairs (i,j) of the sum of all request rates associated with either clientior serverj. (Having a subunit client? server request rate is a necessary condition for stability for single-server systems.) Our main result is that any superlinear polynomial backoff protocol is stable for any multiple-server system with a subunit client? server request rate. Our result is the first proof of stability for any backoff protocol for contention resolution with multiple servers. (The multiple-server problem does not reduce to the single-server problem, because each client can only send a single message at any step.) Our result is also the first proof thatanyweakly acknowledgment based protocol is stable for contention resolution with multiple servers and such high request rates. Two special cases of our result are of interest. Hastad, Leighton, and Rogoff have shown that for a single-server system with a subunit client? server request rate anymodifiedsuperlinear polynomial backoff protocol is stable. These modified backoff protocols are similar to standard backoff protocols but require more random bits to implement. The special case of our result in which there is only one server extends the result of Hastad, Leighton, and Rogoff to standard (practical) backoff protocols. Finally, our result applies to dynamic routing in optical networks. Specifically, a special case of our result demonstrates that superlinear polynomial backoff protocols are stable for dynamic routing in optical networks.
Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that use of tiotropium, a new long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator, would be associated with sustained reduction in lung hyperinflation and, thereby, would improve exertional dyspnoea and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in 187 patients (forced expiratory volume in one second 44±13% pred): 96 patients received 18 µg tiotropium and 91 patients received placebo once daily for 42 days. Spirometry, plethysmographic lung volumes, cycle exercise endurance and exertional dyspnoea intensity at 75% of each patient's maximal work capacity were compared. On day 42, the use of tiotropium was associated with the following effects at pre-dose and post-dose measurements as compared to placebo: vital capacity and inspiratory capacity (IC) increased, with inverse decreases in residual volume and functional residual capacity. Tiotropium increased post-dose exercise endurance time by 105±40 s (21%) as compared to placebo on day 42. At a standardised time near end-exercise (isotime), IC, tidal volume and minute ventilation all increased, whilst dyspnoea decreased by 0.9±0.3 Borg scale units. In conclusion, the use of tiotropium was associated with sustained reductions of lung hyperinflation at rest and during exercise. Resultant increases in inspiratory capacity permitted greater expansion of tidal volume and contributed to improvements in both exertional dyspnoea and exercise endurance.
Serotyping of Serratia marcescens: evaluation of Le Minor's H-immobilization test and description of three new flagellar H antigens

The H-immobilization test of Le Minor for determining flagellar (H) antigens was evaluated and compared with tube and slide H-agglutination tests. The test proved specific and easy to perform, and titration end points were clearly discernible. The degree of serological cross-reactivity between H antigen reference strains of Serratia marcescens was low. Consequently, this test was adopted for routine serological analysis of H antigens, using unabsorbed rabbit immune anti-H sera. As a result of using this procedure, three new provisional H antignes, designated H14, H15, and H16, are proposed.
Mechanical Properties of Plastic Bonded Composites as a Function of Hydrostatic Pressure

The compressive mechanical properties of several composite explosives and one composite explosive simulant are being studied as a function of confining hydrostatic pressure. These composites include PBS 9501, PBX 9501, LX‐14, PAX 2A and EDC37. For pressures between 3.5 and 138 MPa deformation takes primarily by plastic flow and work hardening is observed in most cases. At lower pressures work softening is observed and a transition from work softening to work hardening is accompanied by a brittle‐like to ductile transition as pressure is increased. Young’s modulus, a flow stress and the slope in the work softening/hardening region all increase with pressure at the lower pressures and become relatively insensitive to pressure at the higher pressures.
The Monkey Puzzle: A Systematic Review of Studies of Stress, Social Hierarchies, and Heart Disease in Monkeys

Background It is often suggested that psychosocial factors, such as stress, or one's social position, may play an important role in producing social gradients in human disease. Evidence in favour of this model of health inequalities has relied, in part, on studies of the health effects of the natural social hierarchies found among non-human primates. This study aimed to assess the strength of this evidence. Methodology/Principal Findings A systematic review was carried out to identify all studies of psychosocial factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) in non-human primates. We searched databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Primatelit from inception to November 2010) to identify experimental and observational studies of the impact of social reorganisation, social instability, and disruption of dominance hierarchies on primate CAD outcomes. We also handsearched bibliographies and examined the citations to those studies in public health articles. Fourteen studies were found which presented evidence on CAD and social status and/or psychosocial stress. These suggested that the association between social status and disease may be sex-specific: in female monkeys dominant status may be protective, with subordinate females having a greater extent of atherosclerosis. In male monkeys the reverse may be the case. Conclusions/Significance Overall, non-human primate studies present only limited evidence for an association between social status and CAD, Despite this, there is selective citation of individual non-human primate studies in reviews and commentaries relating to human disease aetiology. Such generalisation of data from monkey studies to human societies does not appear warranted.
Duality-Derived Transformer Models for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Transients—Part II: Complementary Modeling Guidelines

This two-part paper is intended to clarify definitions in dual transformer modeling that are vague, provide accurate modeling guidelines, clarify misconceptions about numerical instability, provide a unified dual model for a specific type of transformer, and introduce new paths of research to the power systems/electrical machinery community for low-frequency transients. Part I discussed the topology of duality-based models and some important issues, such as the most common approaches to derive dual models and their variety, the equivalence of negative inductance and mutual couplings to represent the leakage inductance of three-winding transformers, and the numerical oscillations caused by the use of nontopological models. This part of the paper discusses and compares white-, gray-, and black-box models. The paper also reviews hysteresis models (static and dynamic) and highlights the differences between the air-core inductance and saturation inductance. The available dual models for the representation of the transformer tank are then presented. A unified and accurate model of a three-phase core-type transformer adequate for all low-frequency transients is presented. Finally, concrete guidelines are presented for the appropriate selection of the model topology and parameters for different low-frequency transient studies.
Physician Burnout and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Framework for Action

BACKGROUND: Physician burnout in the United States has reached epidemic proportions and is rising rapidly, although burnout in other occupations is stable. Its negative impact is far reaching and includes harm to the burned-out physician, as well as patients, coworkers, family members, close friends, and healthcare organizations. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to provide an accurate, current summary of what is known about physician burnout and to develop a framework to reverse its current negative impact, decrease its prevalence, and implement effective organizational and personal interventions. DATA SOURCES: I completed a comprehensive MEDLINE search of the medical literature from January 1, 2000, through December 28, 2016, related to medical student and physician burnout, stress, depression, suicide ideation, suicide, resiliency, wellness, and well-being. In addition, I selectively reviewed secondary articles, books addressing the relevant issues, and oral presentations at national professional meetings since 2013. STUDY SELECTION: Healthcare organizations within the United States were studied. RESULTS: The literature review is presented in 5 sections covering the basics of defining and measuring burnout; its impact, incidence, and causes; and interventions and remediation strategies. CONCLUSIONS: All US medical students, physicians in training, and practicing physicians are at significant risk of burnout. Its prevalence now exceeds 50%. Burnout is the unintended net result of multiple, highly disruptive changes in society at large, the medical profession, and the healthcare system. Both individual and organizational strategies have been only partially successful in mitigating burnout and in developing resiliency and well-being among physicians. Two highly effective strategies are aligning personal and organizational values and enabling physicians to devote 20% of their work activities to the part of their medical practice that is especially meaningful to them. More research is needed.
Hormonal contraception and regulation of menstruation: a study of young women's attitudes towards ‘having a period’

Background Irregular bleeding is one of the most common side effects of hormonal contraception and a key reason for the discontinuation of hormonal methods. Study design A qualitative study in which 12 young women volunteered to be interviewed in depth, along with six focus group discussions (23 participants). The study had two main research objectives: to document and investigate what young women think and feel about menstruation and contraception, and to explore young women's preferences regarding the intersection of contraceptives and bleeding patterns. Results Although participants held a broad view that menstruation can be an inconvenience, they did ascribe positive values to having a regular bleed. Bleeding was seen as a signifier of non-pregnancy and also an innate part of being a woman. A preference for a ‘natural’ menstruating body was a strong theme, and the idea of selecting a hormonal contraceptive that might stop the bleeding was not overly popular, unless the young woman suffered with painful natural menstruation. Contraceptives that mimicked the menstrual cycle were acceptable to most, suggesting that cyclic bleeding still holds a symbolic function for women. Conclusions When counselling young women about the effect of different contraceptive modalities on their bleeding, practitioners should explore how the women feel about their bleeding, including how they might feel if their bleeding stopped or if they experienced erratic bleeding patterns. Practitioners also need to recognise the subjective understanding of the ‘natural body’ as held by some women, and in these cases to support them in their seeking out of non-hormonal methods of contraception.
ANTIBACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LACTOBACILLI ISOLATED FROM PORK MEAT OF CONVENTIONAL BREEDING

The aim of this study was monitoring of antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae genera isolated from musculus longissimus at thoracis and musculus semimembranosus of pork. The pigs was feeding in two groups (control and experimental wit selenium application). For the antibiotic susceptibility testing disk diffusion method was used. Lactobacillus species were tested against two antibiotics: ampiciline, tetracycline. For the detection and identification of lactobacilli we used MRS and Rogose agar. For identification of lactobacilli MALDI-TOF-MS were used. The higher resistance of isolated bacteria were found on ampicillin (29%) and on tetracycline (46%) in experimental group. The lower resistance of isolated bacteria were found on ampicillin (25%) and on tetracycline (35%) in control group. The most resistance bacteria of Lactobacillus genus was Lactobacillus plantarum in control and experimental group, too. From MLT and MSM pork meat Lactobacillus species Lactobacillus reuteri, L. crispatus, L.paracasei, L. farcimins and L curvatus and from non-lactobacilli Lactococcus lastis, Pediococcus pentosaceus were isolated (Table 2). The higher isolated species from lactobacilli genera was Lactobacillus paracasei in control group with 35.63 % and Lactobacillus reuteri in experimental group with 25.83%.
Patient-Linked Factors Associated with Delayed Reporting of Oral and Pharyngeal Carcinoma among Patients Attending National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka

Background: Diagnosis of cancer at an early stage improves prognosis following treatment. Unfortunately a large proportion of oral and pharyngeal cancer patients are diagnosed at late stages which require radical treatment with considerable morbidity and mortality. Many researchers have examined different types of delay that could occur between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. The objective of this research was to identify patient-linked delays between the time of first noticing symptoms and definitive diagnosis, and its association with the stage at diagnosis among oral and pharyngeal carcinoma patients attending the National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 351 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of oral cavity and pharynx. Data were collected using an interviewer- administered questionnaire and a data extraction sheet. If a patient had taken more than three months to visit a Health Care Practitioner, it was considered as ‘Patient Delay-1’. If a patient had taken more than two weeks following referral to reach for specialized cancer care, it was considered as ‘Patient Delay 2’. Results: Proportions of ‘Patient Delay-1’ and ‘Patient Delay-2’ were 19% (n=252) and 16% (n=322) respectively. Mean time duration between noticing symptoms to definitive diagnosis was 14.1 weeks (SD=10.3). The proportion of advanced-stage cancers at diagnosis was 59.8%. Conclusion: Stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with ‘Patient Delay -1’ (p = 0.001) but not with ‘Patient Delay-2’. ‘Patient Delay-1’ was significantly associated with level of education (p = 0.001) and the cost of travelling (p = 0.048).
What can we learn about postnatal care in Ghana if we ask the right questions? A qualitative study

Background There are increasing efforts to monitor progress in maternal and neonatal care, with household surveys the main mode of data collection. Postnatal care (PNC) is considered a priority indicator yet few countries report on it, and the need to improve the construct validity associated with PNC questions is recognized. Objectives To determine women's knowledge of what happens to the baby after delivery, women's comprehension of terms and question phrasing related to PNC, and issues with recall periods. Design Forty qualitative interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted with mothers, and 10 interviews with health workers in rural Ghana. Data were collected on knowledge and recall of postnatal health checks and language used to describe these health checks. Results Mothers required specific probing using appropriate language to report postnatal checks. They only had adequate knowledge of postnatal checks, which were easily observed or required asking them a question. Respondents reported that health workers rarely communicated with mothers about what they were doing, and most women did not know the purpose of the equipment used during health checks, such as why a thermometer was being used. Knowledge of neonatal checks in the first hours after a facility delivery was low if the mother and child were separated, or if the mother was tired or weak. Many women reported that they could remember events clearly, but long recall periods affected reporting for some, especially those who had multiple checks or for those with no problems. Conclusions Direct questions about PNC or health checks are likely to underestimate coverage. Validity of inferences can be enhanced by using appropriate verbal probes during surveys on commonly performed checks that are clear and visible to the mother.
Clear cell atypical fibroxanthoma – report of a case with review of the literature

Clear cell atypical fibroxanthoma (CCAFX) is a rare variant of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), a pleomorphic dermal tumour associated with a good prognosis. A 67‐year‐old man presented with a rapidly growing nodule on the ear, which had appeared over a 2‐week period. Sections showed an ulcerated nodule composed of pleomorphic spindled and polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm, invested by a delicate vascular stroma, reminiscent of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Numerous mitotic figures were seen. The tumour cells stained with vimentin, CD68 and CD99 and were cytokeratin‐negative. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features supported a diagnosis of CCAFX. The diagnosis of CCAFX requires the exclusion of other pleomorphic clear cell tumours that can occur in the skin by using a combination of morphology, immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy.