Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN microRNA (miR) PROFILE AND EFFECTS OF miR‐320 IN INSULIN‐RESISTANT 3T3‐L1 ADIPOCYTES

1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in many biological processes. It is known that aberrant miRNA expression contributes to some pathological conditions. However, it is not known whether miRNAs play any role in the development of insulin resistance in adipocytes, a key pathophysiological link between obesity and diabetes. 2 To investigate the function of miRNAs in the development of insulin resistance, using miRNA microarray analysis we compared miRNA expression profiles between normal insulin‐sensitive 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes rendered insulin resistant following treatment with high glucose (25 mmol/L) and high insulin (1 µmol/L). Furthermore, adipocytes were transfected with specific antisense oligonucleotides against miRNA‐320 (anti‐miR‐320 oligo) and the effects on the development of insulin resistance were evaluated. 3 We identified 50 upregulated and 29 downregulated miRNAs in insulin‐resistant (IR) adipocytes, including a 50‐fold increase in miRNA‐320 (miR‐320) expression. Using bioinformatic techniques, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) was found to be a potential target of miR‐320. In experiments with anti‐miR‐320 oligo, insulin sensitivity was increased in IR adipocytes, as evidenced by increases in p85 expression, phosphorylation of Akt and the protein expression of the glucose transporter GLUT‐4, as well as insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake. These beneficial effects of anti‐miR‐320 oligo were observed only in IR adipocytes and not in normal adipocytes. 4 In conclusion, the miRNA profile changes in IR adipocytes compared with normal 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Anti‐miR‐320 oligo was found to regulate insulin resistance in adipocytes by improving insulin–PI3‐K signalling pathways. The findings provide information regarding a potentially new therapeutic strategy to control insulin resistance.
Gendering ‘Soft’ policing: multi-agency working, female cops, and the fluidities of police culture/s

This article examines the role of female police officers within the context of developing ‘soft’ policing initiatives designed to divert young people away from crime. Within the police culture literature, a masculine model of policing associated with coercive crime fighting tasks is often contrasted with a more cooperative, problem-solving and compassionate mode of police work. The latter model is viewed as serving to create a more legitimate structure for female police officers to work within, involving increasing trust and cooperation in communities and engaging with community crime prevention strategies. The aim of this article is to assess the role of female police officers within recent changes under the auspices of community policing reform in England and Wales, highlighting the role of female officers in enacting ‘soft’ policing initiatives in collaboration with social work and other community agencies. This raises some limitations of the conventional police culture literature by illustrating the ways these operations have carved a niche for female officers, in addition to altering the style of policing across certain sections of the organisation more generally.
Changing Families: An Ethnographic Approach to Divorce and Separation

Recent decades have seen spectacular increases in the levels of divorce and separation across the Western world. This important development is having a radical impact on the conduct and nature of family relationships. This book offers an original investigation of these critical transformations through an ethnographic analysis of post-divorce family life in Britain and provides insightful answers to vexing questions, such as:- What cultural values and ideologies motivate and shape concerns over relationships when marriage ends? - Which relationships continue and why? - What cultural values underpin the financial transactions that take place or (more commonly) fail to take place after divorce? Drawing on extensive interviews with those most affected by divorce, the author argues that the positive sentiments traditionally associated with the notion of kinship are wholly inadequate when it comes to understanding divorce, but that kinship can provide an illuminating window through which to consider the breakdown of marital relations.This book represents a significant contribution to current debates over the changing form and expression of relationships in Western society in the late twentieth century.
The Power of Stereotypes: Anchoring Images Through Language in Live Sports Broadcasts

Televised sport offers a rich context for investigating the processes that influence particular uses of language. Here, the authors consider how pressure on sport commentators to connect with audiences results in reliance on preestablished narratives that draw heavily on stereotypes. They investigate how television sport commentators negotiate tensions between stereotypes of a particular country’s playing style and on-field action that challenges those stereotypes. Their interdisciplinary approach—drawing from social psychology, communication, media studies, sport studies, and cultural studies—provides a textual analysis of New Zealand commentary in a pivotal Rugby World Cup game between France and New Zealand. The authors identify three different ways in which national stereotypes lead commentators to produce interpretations that do not always accurately represent the action on the field. They conclude that sport commentary in an international context operates to create and reinscribe symbolic differences between nations, even in the face of visual evidence that is ambiguous or actively contradicts the words used to describe it. The analysis demonstrates how powerfully national stereotypes influence commentators’ representational choices.
Developmentally Regulated Switching of Titin Size Alters Myofibrillar Stiffness in the Perinatal Heart

Abstract— Before birth, the compliance of the heart is limited predominantly by extracardiac constraint. Reduction of this constraint at birth requires that myocardial compliance be determined mainly by the heart’s own constituents. Because titin is a principal contributor to ventricular passive tension (PT), we studied the expression and mechanics of cardiactitin isoforms during perinatal rat heart development. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed a single, 3.7-MDa, N2BA isoform present 6 days before birth and an additional, also previously unknown, N2BA isoform of 3.5 to 3.6 MDa expressed in the near-term fetus. These large isoforms rapidly disappear after birth and are replaced by a small N2B isoform (3.0 MDa) predominating in 1-week-old and adult rats. In addition, neonatal pig hearts showed large N2BA-titin isoforms distinct from those present in the adult porcine myocardium. By quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, developmentally expressed titin-mRNA species were detected in rat heart. Titin-based PT was much lower (≈15 times) in fetal than adult rat cardiomyocytes, and measured PT levels were readily predictable with a model of worm-like chain titin elasticity. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed the extensibility of the differentially spliced molecular spring regions of fetal/neonatal titin isoforms in isolated rat cardiomyofibrils. Whereas the titin-isoform shift by 700 kDa ensures high passive stiffness of the postnatal cardiac myofibrils, the expression of specific fetal/neonatal cardiactitin isoforms may also have important functions for contractile properties, myofibril assembly or turnover, and myocardial signaling during perinatal heart development.
Mining the Gaps: Towards Polynomial Summarization

The problem of text summarization for a collection of documents is defined as the problem of selecting a small subset of sentences so that the contents and meaning of the original document set are preserved in the best possible way. In this paper we present a linear model for the problem of text summarization 1 , where a summary preserves the information coverage as much as possible in comparison to the original document set. We reduce the problem of finding the best summary to the problem of finding the point on a convex polytope closest to the given hyperplane, and solve it efficiently with the help of fractional (polynomial-time) linear programming. The experimental results show the superiority of our approach over most of the systems participating in the generic multi-document summarization task (MultiLing) of the TAC 2011 competition.
Construction and application of multi-host integrative vector system for xylose-fermenting yeast

The xylose-fermenting yeasts (CTG clade yeasts, e.g. Scheffersomyces stipitis, Spathaspora passalidarum, Candida amazonensis and Candida jeffriesii) have the potential to be superior platforms for the conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysate into fuel-grade ethanol and other chemical products. Here, a genetic expression system compatible with the genetic coding characteristics of CTG clade yeasts was constructed for use in xylose-fermenting yeasts. The pRACTH-gfpm plasmid based on an 18S rDNA shuttle vector was capable of stable integration into the genomes of a wide range of heterologous hosts. Green fluorescent protein was transformed and functionally expressed in S. stipitis, S. passalidarum, C. jeffriesii, C. amazonensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under control of the SpADH1 promoter and SpCYC1 terminator. Finally, the expression system was useful in multiple yeast hosts for construction of the plasmid pRACTH-ldh. Scheffersomyces stipitis, S. passalidarum, C. jeffriesii, C. amazonensis and S. cerevisiae were enabled to produce lactate from glucose or xylose by pRACTH-based expression of a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase. Among them, C. amazonensis (pRACTH-ldh) exhibited the highest lactate fermentation capacity, which reached a maximum of 44 g L-1 of lactate with a yield of 0.85 g lactate/g xylose.
Achievement and Friends: Key Factors of Player Retention Vary Across Player Levels in Online Multiplayer Games

Retaining players over an extended period of time is a long-standing challenge in game industry. Significant effort has been paid to understanding what motivates players enjoy games. While individuals may have varying reasons to play or abandon a game at different stages within the game, previous studies have looked at the retention problem from a snapshot view. This study, by analyzing in-game logs of 51,104 distinct individuals in an online multiplayer game, uniquely offers a multifaceted view of the retention problem over the players' virtual life phases. We find that key indicators of longevity change with the game level. Achievement features are important for players at the initial to the advanced phases, yet social features become the most predictive of longevity once players reach the highest level offered by the game. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for designing online games that are adaptive to meeting the players' needs.
Relationship between health climate and affective commitment in the workplace

Objective: Organizational health climate reflects the health care efforts of a company, as perceived by its employees. The climate may operate as a beneficial job resource, supporting employees’ affective commitment to the organization. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between health climate and affective commitment. Methods: A total of 851 German employees were surveyed at Time 1 (T 1) and five months later (Time 2, T 2) in 2011. Repeated measures analysis of variance and cross-lagged panel correlations were conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between health climate and affective commitment, controlling for age and sex. Results: There were no main effects of time for health climate (F(1, 576) = 0.75, p = 0.39) or for affective commitment (F(1, 577) = 2.1, p = 0.15). Cross-lagged panel correlations indicated a predominance of health climate over affective commitment (z = 3.29; p < 0.001): the prediction of T 2 affective commitment by T 1 health climate was superior (r = 0.30) as compared to the opposite direction (r = 0.18). Conclusions: Health climate might be a valuable job resource factor with the potential to strengthen employees’ affective commitment to the organization. Thereby, the importance to create and cultivate a healthy work environment is highlighted, and further research on mediating processes is suggested.
Escherichia coli diarrhoea

Ever since Escherich (1885) first isolated the organism now known as Escherichia coli from the stools of infants, medical microbiologists have been faced with the problem of distinguishing between those strains capable of causing diarrhoea and those that are harmless gut commensals. Epidemiological investigations were greatly facilitated by the description by Kauffmann (1947) of a serotyping scheme for E. coli, and Taylor (1961) later reported that 17 0 serogroups of E. coli had been implicated as possible causes of epidemic infantile enteritis. These infantile enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), having been discovered by epidemiological studies using serotyping, belonged by definition to a restricted range of serogroups. More recently it was shown that other E. coli strains may produce enterotoxins, and these enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) usually belong to particular serogroups which are different from those associated with EPEC. E. coli strains belonging to a third range of serogroups may cause an illness resembling shigella dysentery, and these may be regarded as entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC). E. coli strains that cause diarrhoea may therefore be considered as three groups, as follows.
De la satisfaction au moral professionnel des enseignants : étude de quelques déterminants

Cet article introduit la notion de « moral professionnel de l’enseignant » en croisant la satisfaction professionnelle avec la persistance dans le metier. Notre recherche examine le degre d’influence de certains determinants personnels et professionnels sur les variables de satisfaction professionnelle et de persistance dans le metier prises isolement, mais aussi sur notre variable de moral professionnel des enseignants. L’analyse de donnees revele que, globalement, les enseignants sont satisfaits professionnellement, que l’âge et le sexe sont des facteurs d’influence, mais pas le diplome ni la discipline enseignee. Quant a la frequence des relations, les resultats montrent l’importance des collegues de meme discipline et du chef d’etablissement. Enfin, la recherche revele qu’il existe bien des sous-groupes differencies d’enseignants en termes de moral professionnel.
A Distant Mirror: Nineteenth-Century Populism, Nativism, and Contemporary Right-Wing Radical Politics

Nineteenth-century America witnessed two major waves of populist mobilization. The first started in late 1840 in response to the massive influx of immigrants, predominantly from Catholic Ireland. The second occurred in the 1880s and 1890s, provoked by large-scale structural changes affecting rural America. Both movements promoted a far-reaching social and political reform agenda, which they believed would restore the country to its foundational roots: evangelical Protestantism directed primarily against the Catholic “invasion” in the first case, Jeffersonian republicanism directed against the collusion of money and politics in the second. Although both movements failed to realize their goals, they had a profound and lasting impact on the evolution of American identity. Nineteenth-century American populism thus offers a useful model for understanding present-day populist mobilization in Western Europe.
Gluten-free and casein-free diets in the treatment of autism

Background : Autism is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by three core symptoms, i.e. impairments in social interaction, restricted patterns of behavior and impairments in communication. In the framework of the “opioid excess theory”, the disorder symptoms are compared to the behavioral effects of opiates. Based on this, a possible nutritional basis of autism has been proposed, hypothesizing that certain food proteins such as gluten and casein can be transformed to opioid peptides during digestion. These peptides might eventually be able to enter the blood stream and act upon the central nervous system. As a consequence, a diet low in such proteins has been hypothesized to ameliorate the behavioral symptoms of autistic children. Objective : The scope of this review was to analyze the effects of gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diets on children with autism, as well as to provide information concerning additional aspects related to the GFCF diet in autism. Methods : A literature search was conducted including scientific publications up until December 2013. Search results were screened for any kind of GFCF dietary intervention as well as surveys dealing with GFCF as a treatment for autism. Results : A review of survey data shows that up to 25 % of parents of affected children report on current use of a GFCF diet. The majority of identified studies evaluating GFCF diet outcomes failed to meet basic methodological standards of interventional science. Comparison of study results did not show any clear-cut results, with a substantial proportion of studies failing to show any positive dietary effect. The results of more sophisticated trials were far from equivocal and the studies differed by many methodological aspects. Some variables such as information source and trial duration seemed to affect outcome. Conclusions : Evidence for the effectiveness of the GFCF diet in the treatment of autism is sparse. Rigorous scientific evaluations partly failed to confirm therapeutic effects of the GFCF diet. These and other negative results related to the opioid excess theory weaken the underlying rationale for GFCF diet use. Nevertheless, more sophisticated investigations should be conducted in order to identify possible benefits and harms of such a dietary approach. Key words : gluten-free and casein-free diet, opioid excess theory, autism, autistic spectrum disorder, therapeutic effects, evidence base, prevalence of use
Capsular and pericapsular contributions to acetabular and femoral head perfusion.

BACKGROUND Capsular and pericapsular vessels are believed to contribute to acetabular and femoral head perfusion, but, to our knowledge, there is no anatomic study to support this theory. The purpose of this study was to describe the vascular anatomy of the hip with particular reference to the contributions of the capsular and pericapsular vessels. METHODS Twenty fresh cadavers were dissected twenty-four hours after intra-arterial injection of colored silicone. The arteries supplying the hip were followed by careful dissection from their origins outside the pelvis to their terminal branches. Particular attention was paid to the vessels traveling between the acetabulum and the capsule and the femoral head. RESULTS In all twenty specimens, the hip capsule received blood supply from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries proximally and from the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries distally. The contributory vessels entered the capsule peripherally and superficially. The circumflex arteries supplied the anterior capsule. The gluteal arteries supplied the posterior and posterosuperior aspect of the hip capsule, augmented by contributions from the circumflex arteries. Variable anastomoses were found between the gluteal and femoral systems on the capsular surface beneath the gluteus minimus and short hip external rotators. The medial femoral circumflex artery provided the dominant blood supply to the femoral head in eighteen specimens, and the inferior gluteal artery provided the dominant supply in two specimens. CONCLUSIONS Capsular and pericapsular vessels that contribute to the blood supply of the acetabulum run on the posterior and posterolateral surface of the capsule. The dominant blood supply to the femoral head comes from vessels that approach the joint posteriorly and penetrate the joint near the femoral attachment of the capsule.
Effect of disorder on bulk sound wave speed: a multiscale spectral analysis

Abstract. Disorder of size (polydispersity) and mass of discrete elements or particles in randomly structured media (e.g., granular matter such as soil) has numerous effects on the materials' sound propagation characteristics. The influence of disorder on energy and momentum transport, the sound wave speed and its low-pass frequency-filtering characteristics is the subject of this study. The goal is understanding the connection between the particle-microscale disorder and dynamics and the system-macroscale wave propagation, which can be applied to nondestructive testing, seismic exploration of buried objects (oil, mineral, etc.) or to study the internal structure of the Earth. To isolate the longitudinal P-wave mode from shear and rotational modes, a one-dimensional system of equally sized elements or particles is used to study the effect of mass disorder alone via (direct and/or ensemble averaged) real time signals, signals in Fourier space, energy and dispersion curves. Increase in mass disorder (where disorder has been defined such that it is independent of the shape of the probability distribution of masses) decreases the sound wave speed along a granular chain. Energies associated with the eigenmodes can be used to obtain better quality dispersion relations for disordered chains; these dispersion relations confirm the decrease in pass frequency and wave speed with increasing disorder acting opposite to the wave acceleration close to the source.
Toward a Career-Based Theory of Job Involvement: A Study of Scientists and Engineers.

Ju ne 1 977 volume 22 Multiple regression analyses are used to determine the relative importance of 49 factors to job involvement in a study of 441 scientists and engineers. Of particular importance are career and personality factors. Levels of variance explained increase as various conditioning factors, such as personality, professional training, and orientation are controlled by secondand third-order breakdowns of the sample. The results support a career-based theory of job involvement. A differentiation of three job contexts is suggested to aid in the identification of additional factors possibly affecting job involvement. *