Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family Involvement and Schizophrenia: A Developmental Model

SUMMARY This paper presents the Family Involvement and Schizophrenia model, an adaptation of Rolland's Family Systems/Illness model (1994). Rolland's model conceptualized the development of the individual, family, and illness in psychosocial terms using adult developmental theory and family life cycle concepts. The Family Involvement and Schizophrenia Model builds on this prior work, and consists of (1) a psychosocial typology of illness based on characteristics often associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and which are hypothesized to impact individual development and family relationships and (2) the changing psychosocial demands and family relationships at different phases of the illness, which represent an integration of the age-linked stages of individual development with the fluctuations in family cohesion over the life cycle. The Family Involvement and Schizophrenia model will enable clinicians, researchers, and families to conceptualize changing family relationships, and to target individuals and families at greatest stress points in order to provide more individualized treatment over the life cycle.
Mechanism of the Regulation of Organic Cation/Carnitine Transporter 1 (SLC22A4) by Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Transcriptional Factor RUNX1 and Inflammatory Cytokines

Recently, it was reported that the organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1, SLC22A4) is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease. OCTN1 in humans is expressed in synovial tissues of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore octn1 in mice is expressed in inflamed joints with collagen-induced arthritis, a model of human arthritis, but not in the joints of normal mice. OCTN1 should be involved in the inflammatory disease and in the present study, the regulatory mechanism of OCTN1 expression was characterized using the human fibroblast-like synoviocyte cell line MH7A, derived from RA patients. A luciferase-reporter gene assay and gel shift assay demonstrated that RUNX1, which is an essential hematopoietic transcription factor associated with acute myeloid leukemia and is related to RA and Sp1, is involved in the regulation of OCTN1 promoter activity. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α increased the expression of OCTN1 mRNA. Furthermore, overexpression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activated promoter activity of OCTN1. These results clearly demonstrate that expression of OCTN1 is regulated by various factors, including RUNX1, inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB, all of which are also related to the pathogenesis of RA. Further studies on the physiological substrate(s) of OCTN1 should be done to clarify the roles of OCTN1 in these diseases.
Knock-Down of Endogenous Bornavirus-Like Nucleoprotein 1 Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Oligodendroglia Cells

Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs) have been discovered in the genomes of various animals including humans, whose functions have been seldom studied. To explore the biological functions of human EBLNs, we constructed a lentiviral vector expressing a short-hairpin RNA against human EBLN1, which successfully inhibited EBLN1 expression by above 80% in infected human oligodendroglia cells (OL cells). We found that EBLN1 silencing suppressed cell proliferation, induced G2/M phase arrest, and promoted apoptosis in OL cells. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that 1067 genes were up-regulated, and 2004 were down-regulated after EBLN1 silencing. The top 10 most upregulated genes were PI3, RND3, BLZF1, SOD2, EPGN, SBSN, INSIG1, OSMR, CREB3L2, and MSMO1, and the top 10 most-downregulated genes were KRTAP2-4, FLRT2, DIDO1, FAT4, ESCO2, ZNF804A, SUV420H1, ZC3H4, YAE1D1, and NCOA5. Pathway analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in pathways related to the cell cycle, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, p53 signaling, and apoptosis. The gene expression profiles were validated by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting these 20 most-changed genes. Three genes closely related to glioma, RND3, OSMR, and CREB3L2, were significantly upregulated and might be the key factors in EBLN1 regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of OL cells. This study provides evidence that EBLN1 plays a key role in regulating cell life and death, thereby opening several avenues of investigation regarding EBLN1 in the future.
Macassan/Indigenous Australian ‘sites of memory’ in the National Museum of Australia and Australian National Maritime Museum

Abstract For over two centuries people from Makassar on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi came to northern Australia with the onset of the northeast monsoon winds. They came in search of trepang that, with the help of Indigenous Australians, they collected and traded on to China. Their impact on the Indigenous communities in Arnhem Land was considerable. Along with sharing language, technology and culture, they built relationships, many ongoing, that are celebrated in Yolngu art, song and stories. These stories of contact are well known to many archaeologists and anthropologists but for many Australians the only place where they come into contact with these stories is in a museum display. In this paper I examine the ways in which these stories are disseminated by two national museums, the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Australia in Canberra. As important ‘lieux de mémoire’ or ‘sites of memory’, they tell of Macassan visits to northern Australia as part of Australian history. In both cases not only are the stories situated in the past but both Macassan and Indigenous Australian voices are largely absent.
Joint Mitigation of Power Amplifier and I/Q Modulator Impairments in Broadband Direct-Conversion Transmitters

In this paper, we present a novel digital predistorter structure for joint mitigation of frequency-dependent power amplifier (PA) and in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) modulator impairments in direct-conversion radio transmitters. The predistorter is based on an extended parallel Hammerstein structure, yielding a predistorter that is fully linear in the parameters. In the parameter estimation stage, the indirect learning architecture is utilized. The proposed technique is the first technique in the literature to consider the joint estimation and mitigation of frequency-dependent PA and I/Q modulator impairments. Extensive simulation and measurement analysis is carried out to verify the operation and efficacy of the proposed predistortion structure. It is shown that the adjacent channel power ratio is increased by more than 20 dB in all experiments when using the proposed method, and that the performance of the reference techniques is clearly exceeded.
The Outcomes of Homeless Mobilization: The Influence of Organization, Disruption, Political Mediation, and Framing

This article contributes to a more systematic understanding of movement outcomes by analyzing how organizational, tactical, political, and framing variables interact and combine to account for differences in the outcomes attained by 15 homeless social movement organizations (SMOs) active in eight U.S. cities. Using qualitative comparative analysis to assess ethnographically derived data on the 15 SMOs, the study highlights the importance of organizational viability and the rhetorical quality of diagnostic and prognostic frames for securing outcomes while identifying a contingent relationship between tactics and political environment. The analysis suggests that there are multiple pathways leading to movement outcome attainment, and therefore unidimensional rather than combinatorial and interactive approaches are misguided.
Adolescent-parent disagreements and life satisfaction in families from Vietnamese- and European-American backgrounds

The authors investigated the relationship between adolescent-parent differences in the endorsement of family obligations and adolescent life satisfaction, in families from two differing cultural backgrounds. Surveys were completed by 238 adolescents and their parents, including 135 European-American families and 103 Vietnamese-American families. We examined the relationship between discrepancies and life satisfaction and the moderating effect of cultural background on this relationship. Results showed that adolescent-parent discrepancies were a strong negative predictor of life satisfaction, across two groups that differ both culturally and demographically. The effect was not moderated by cultural background.
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Women: What Keeps Them Away?

BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is underutilized, especially among women. The goal of this study was to examine CR referral and enrollment patterns among eligible women and identify factors associated with utilization. METHODS The sample included women (n = 131) hospitalized with an eligible CR diagnosis between April 2001 and August 2002. Inpatient interviews were conducted to explore the perceptions of women about CR. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between women who were referred and those who were not referred to CR. Enrollment to CR was ascertained more than 60 days postdischarge. Among referred women, clinical and demographic characteristics and perceptions about CR were compared between women who enrolled and those who did not enroll. Separate multivariate regression analyses identified factors associated with (1) referral to CR and (2) enrollment in CR among women who had been referred. RESULTS There were 77 (59%) women referred to CR. In the final regression model, no demographic or clinical factors were found to be associated with CR referral. Among the women referred to CR, 34% enrolled in CR. In the final regression model, it was found that nonenrollees had lower education levels (<12 years) than did enrollees, and women who enrolled were more likely to give the highest score for “likely to attend CR” during the interview compared with nonenrollees (P < .05). CONCLUSION CR referral and enrollment rates among women remain disappointingly low. Societal barriers, such as low education, often impede CR participation. However, intent to enroll as expressed by the patient may be amenable to an intervention during the hospital stay.
Validity Evidence Linking Polychronicity and Big Five Personality Dimensions to Absence, Lateness, and Supervisory Performance Ratings

This study developed criterion and construct validity evidence for polychronicity, which is the extent to which people prefer to be engaged in two or more tasks or activities at the same time. Hypothesized relationships between polychronicity and lateness, absence, and supervisory ratings of performance were developed and tested in a heterogenous field sample of 181 train operators. Results indicated that polychronicity was significantly related to absence (r = .25), lateness (r = .19), and supervisory performance ratings (r = -.17). Hypothesized Big Five personality dimensions (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism) were also significantly associated with absence, but not lateness. Specifically, absence was significantly related to Conscientiousness (r = -.23), Extraversion (r = .15), and Neuroticism (r = .19). In addition, polychronicity accounted for variance in absence and lateness beyond that accounted for by hypothesized Big Five personality dimensions, cognitive ability, and demographic characteristics. Future research directions for work on polychronicity are discussed.
Impaired 2-AG Signaling in Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurons: Aggravation of Anxiety-Like Behavior and Unaltered Seizure Susceptibility

Background: Postsynaptically generated 2-arachidonoylglycerol activates the presynaptic cannabinoid type-1 receptor, which is involved in synaptic plasticity at both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. However, the differential function of 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling at glutamatergic vs GABAergic synapses in the context of animal behavior has not been investigated yet. Methods: Here, we analyzed the role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling selectively in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons. Monoacylglycerol lipase, the primary degrading enzyme of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, is expressed at presynaptic sites of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. By adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of monoacylglycerol lipase in glutamatergic neurons of the mouse hippocampus, we selectively interfered with 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling at glutamatergic synapses of these neurons. Results: Genetic modification of monoacylglycerol lipase resulted in a 50% decrease in 2-arachidonoylglycerol tissue levels without affecting the content of the second major endocannabinoid anandamide. A typical electrophysiological read-out for 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling is the depolarization-induced suppression of excitation and of inhibition. Elevated monoacylglycerol lipase levels at glutamatergic terminals selectively impaired depolarization-induced suppression of excitation, while depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition was not significantly changed. At the behavioral level, mice with impaired hippocampal glutamatergic 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior but showed no alterations in aversive memory formation and seizure susceptibility. Conclusion: Our data indicate that 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling selectively in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons is essential for the animal’s adaptation to aversive situations.
Polarising Trends in Female Role Portrayals in UK Advertising

Female role portrayals are investigated for the late 1980s using British women′s magazines, replicating and updating earlier studies to provide trends from the mid‐1970s. The present study suggests that advertisers have become increasingly sensitive to the issue of stereotyping as they witness the clear economic and social evolution of women. The results indicate less stereotyping of women as “physical objects” and a trend towards using either “family” or “independent” cues.
Physical Activity of Children Ages 6–8: The Beginning of School Attendance

Abstract This study investigated the physical activity (PA) levels of 6- to 8-year-old children over a seven-day period. The participants consisted of 35 girls and 36 boys in kindergarten and 113 girls and 131 boys in 1st grade. Physical activity (PA) is defined as “any body movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure” and measured in this study using a Caltrac accelerometer. In addition to the data produced by the accelerometer, a detailed activity log was kept for each participant. The results revealed no statistically significant difference in PA levels between kindergarten and 1st-grade participants, F(1, 311) = 1.16, p = . 282. However, boys were more physically active than girls F(1, 311) = 66.10, p < . 001, ω2 = . 17, and the level of PA was higher on school days than on free days for both sexes, F(1, 311) = 20.45, p < . 001, ω2 = . 06. Finally, the data on the children's PA at school strongly supports the importance of physical education lessons (PE lessons) and recess periods in the daily school routine.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Anxiety: A Children-of-Twins Study.

OBJECTIVE The transmission of anxiety within families is well recognized, but the underlying processes are poorly understood. Twin studies of adolescent anxiety demonstrate both genetic and environmental influence, and multiple aspects of parenting are associated with offspring anxiety. To date, the children-of-twins design has not been used to evaluate the relative contributions of genetic transmission compared with direct transmission of anxiety from parents to their offspring. METHOD Anxiety and neuroticism measures were completed by 385 monozygotic and 486 dizygotic same-sex twin families (37% male twin pair families) from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden. Structural equation models tested for the presence of both genetic and environmental transmission from one generation to the next. RESULTS For both anxiety and neuroticism, the models provide support for significant direct environmental transmission from parents to their adolescent offspring. In contrast, there was no evidence of significant genetic transmission. CONCLUSIONS The association between parental and offspring anxiety largely arises because of a direct association between parents and their children independent of genetic confounds. The lack of genetic transmission may reflect there being different genetic effects on these traits in adolescence and adulthood. Direct environmental transmission is in line with developmental theories of anxiety suggesting that children and adolescents learn anxious behaviors from their parents through a number of pathways such as modeling. Future analyses should combine children-of-twins data with child twin data in order to examine whether this direct effect solely represents parental influences on the offspring or whether it also includes child/adolescent anxiety evoking parental anxiety.
Terapascal static pressure generation with ultrahigh yield strength nanodiamond

Terapascal static pressure generation is enabled in laboratory due to implementation of nanocrystralline diamond microballs. Studies of materials’ properties at high and ultrahigh pressures lead to discoveries of unique physical and chemical phenomena and a deeper understanding of matter. In high-pressure research, an achievable static pressure limit is imposed by the strength of available strong materials and design of high-pressure devices. Using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique, we synthesized optically transparent microballs of bulk nanocrystalline diamond, which were found to have an exceptional yield strength (~460 GPa at a confining pressure of ~70 GPa) due to the unique microstructure of bulk nanocrystalline diamond. We used the nanodiamond balls in a double-stage diamond anvil cell high-pressure device that allowed us to generate static pressures beyond 1 TPa, as demonstrated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Outstanding mechanical properties (strain-dependent elasticity, very high hardness, and unprecedented yield strength) make the nanodiamond balls a unique device for ultrahigh static pressure generation. Structurally isotropic, homogeneous, and made of a low-Z material, they are promising in the field of x-ray optical applications.
Creating Cycling-Friendly Environments for Children: Which Micro-Scale Factors Are Most Important? An Experimental Study Using Manipulated Photographs

Background Increasing participation in transportation cycling represents a useful strategy for increasing children’s physical activity levels. Knowledge on how to design environments to encourage adoption and maintenance of transportation cycling is limited and relies mainly on observational studies. The current study experimentally investigates the relative importance of micro-scale environmental factors for children’s transportation cycling, as these micro-scale factors are easier to change within an existing neighborhood compared to macro-scale environmental factors (i.e. connectivity, land-use mix, …). Methods Researchers recruited children and their parents (n = 1232) via 45 randomly selected schools across Flanders and completed an online questionnaire which consisted of 1) demographic questions; and 2) a choice-based conjoint (CBC) task. During this task, participants chose between two photographs which we had experimentally manipulated in seven micro-scale environmental factors: type of cycle path; evenness of cycle path; traffic speed; traffic density; presence of speed bumps; environmental maintenance; and vegetation. Participants indicated which route they preferred to (let their child) cycle along. To find the relative importance of these micro-scale environmental factors, we conducted Hierarchical Bayes analyses. Results Type of cycle path emerged as the most important factor by far among both children and their parents, followed by traffic density and maintenance, and evenness of the cycle path among children. Among parents, speed limits and maintenance emerged as second most important, followed by evenness of the cycle path, and traffic density. Conclusion Findings indicate that improvements in micro-scale environmental factors might be effective for increasing children’s transportation cycling, since they increase the perceived supportiveness of the physical environment for transportation cycling. Investments in creating a clearly designated space for the young cyclist, separated from motorized traffic, appears to be the most effective way to increase perceived supportiveness. Future research should confirm our laboratory findings with experimental on-site research.
Hamilton's inclusive fitness in finite-structured populations

Hamilton's formulation of inclusive fitness has been with us for 50 years. During the first 20 of those years attention was largely focused on the evolutionary trajectories of different behaviours, but over the past 20 years interest has been growing in the effect of population structure on the evolution of behaviour and that is our focus here. We discuss the evolutionary journey of the inclusive-fitness effect over this epoch, nurtured as it was in an essentially homogeneous environment (that of ‘transitive’ structures) having to adapt in different ways to meet the expectations of heterogeneous structures. We pay particular attention to the way in which the theory has managed to adapt the original constructs of relatedness and reproductive value to provide a formulation of inclusive fitness that captures a precise measure of allele-frequency change in finite-structured populations.
Effects of Educational Interventions Targeting Reading Comprehension and Underlying Components

In most school subjects, students' comprehension of what they read is crucial, as is improving that comprehension. In this article, we review studies on the effects of interventions on reading comprehension. A simple view of reading sees reading comprehension as the product of linguistic comprehension and decoding skills, while an augmented view also emphasizes domain general cognitive skills (e.g., working memory, auditory processing). Studies that target skills directly related to reading comprehension through strategy training show moderate to large effects. In studies that target reading comprehension through the underlying components (i.e., decoding, linguistic comprehension, and domain-general cognitive skills), training decoding has the largest effect on standardized tests of reading comprehension (small to moderate effects). Studies targeting linguistic comprehension have mixed results, highlighting the need for more randomized controlled trials that measure effects on reading comprehension. Finally, domain general interventions show little promise in terms of effects on reading comprehension.
The Median Forehead Flap Revisited: The Blood Supply

In 6 fresh cadavers, an injection study of the facial vessels with disulfine blue dye and Microfil demonstrated visualization of large-caliber vessels of the median forehead skin even when the supraorbital and supratrochlear vessels were interrupted. The results of the study would suggest that the median forehead flap can be elevated without incorporating the supratrochlear vessels, but the flap design should be reserved for those clinical situations where the pedicle must be extensively mobilized, e.g., reconstruction of the nasal tip and columella and the presence of a low-lying frontal hairline.