Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking Early Self-Regulation to Positive Functioning in Adolescence

Recent research has documented that high self-regulation in early childhood is associated with greater academic performance and more adaptive social skills, particularly in early or middle childhood. There has been far less work examining longitudinal associations between early childhood self-regulation and adolescent functioning. In addition, few studies have examined the development of self-regulation from a person-centered analytic perspective, such as grouping children into homogenous trajectory groups, and then linking group membership to adolescent outcomes. Finally, the mechanisms that drive the pathways between childhood behaviors and adolescent functioning have been relatively underexplored. The current dissertation, therefore, adds to the extant literature by exploring the association between structured assessments of early childhood self-regulation and self-reports of academic engagement and motivation, romantic relationship quality, and workplace behaviors in adolescence. Teacher-child and parent-child relationship quality in middle childhood were examined as potential mediators of these associations, and the parent-child relationship in early childhood was treated as a potential moderator. Self-regulation trajectory groups (as reported by teachers throughout early and middle childhood) were also examined in relation to these adolescent outcomes. Research questions were examined using two U.S. samples, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD; N = 1364) and the Pitt Mother and Child Project (PMCP; N = 314). Across both samples, assessments of early childhood self-regulation did not predict adolescent outcomes. Furthermore, the teacher-child and parent-child relationship did not mediate or moderate these associations. However, common self-regulation trajectory groups were identified across datasets, including a High Stable and a Low Curvilinear group (self-regulation decreased to age 9 and then steadily increased to age 12). Three additional groups emerged: for the SECCYD a Medium Increasing and a Medium Decreasing group; and for the PMCP a Medium Stable group. Self-regulation trajectory group membership was predicted by demographic characteristics, with higher or improving groups generally comprised of White, higher income youth, and girls, and lower or declining groups more likely to include African American, lower income youth, and boys. In addition, the Medium Decreasing group reported lower romantic relationship quality relative to High Stable and Medium Increasing. Implications for practice are discussed.
Book Review: Bilingual Acquisition: Theoretical Implications of a Case Study.

This book excels in two respects. Firstly, in the wealth and variety of data it presents regarding the emergence of two languages in the second year of a child’s life. Secondly, in the quality of the analyses and the theoretical discussion presented, which continues the tradition of previous book-length seminal case studies published in the past decade. At the same time the book is a rigorous, insighthl and thought-provoking exploration of the implications for language acquisition theory (in general) and bilingual acquisition (in particular) of a longitudinal case of bilingual language acquisition in the family. In this book, Manuela’s natural development in English and Spanish is analysed in the period between ten months of age and 2;3 years, while living in Britain, as is implicitly suggested. Daily diary records were kept by the parent-investigator, Margaret Deuchar, based on her observations after work-hours, from when the child was 1;2 until she was 2; 10, although sporadic records had started before and continued until the age of 7. Manuela was also videotaped regularly from the age of 1;3 until she was 3;2, for half-an-hour twice weekly, once in English contexts, that is with the child being addressed in English mainly by the monolingual English-speaking grandmother, and once in Spanish contexts, that is with the child being addressed in Spanish mainly by the Spanish-speaking father. Spanish was the main language spoken at home. The mother generally addressed the child in the language of the context, that is in Spanish at home and in English outside the home in fact, from the moment they got in the family car! Both father and mother used English with English-speaking visitors (something the authors mention four times in pages 5-7). Most significantly, the fact that the recordings were made in two separate language contexts, which Genesee (1989) stated to be a necessary step in bilingual acquisition research, allows for the subsequent analysis of equivalents, mixing and language choice, as the authors themselves claim (Section 2.3). Recordings were then transcribed using
Activity of the behavioural activation system and the behavioural inhibition system and psychopathology

The behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioural activation system (BAS) have been conceptualized as two neurobehavioural systems regulating sensitivity to punishment (BIS) and sensitivity to reinforcement (BAS) and are in the basis of personality. A lack of balance in the BIS and BAS activation levels has been related to several types of psychopathology. This article reviews the most relevant studies on the issue published over the last few years, which show that both systems prove useful to assess a number of disorders, namely eating disorders, psychopathy, alcohol dependance, personality disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, and that they can be applied clinically.
Enhancement technologies and physical understanding of electron mobility in III–V n-MOSFETs with strain and MOS interface buffer engineering

In this paper, we have investigated the electron transport properties under two types of mobility enhancement engineering, which are channel strain and MOS interface buffer engineering. We have demonstrated epitaxial-based biaxially strained In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As MOSFETs. Tensile strained In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As MOSFETs shows high peak mobility of 2150 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs. Furthermore, we have demonstrated high performance InAs-OI(-on insulator) MOSFETs on Si substrate with MOS interface buffer layer by direct wafer bonding, showing high peak mobility of 3180 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs. The scattering mechanisms for the electron mobility in thin body In<inf>x</inf>Ga<inf>1−x</inf>As(InAs)-OI MOSFETs have been systematically analyzed and identified, for the first time.
Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin

A new fermented almond “milk” that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods’ demand. Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. The optimal formulation was physicochemically characterised throughout cold storage (28 days) and both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis were quantified. Results showed that a high probiotic population (>107 cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. Glucose was used as the main nutrient and the production of mannitol by L. reuteri was detected. The fermentation process increased the viscosity values, forming a weak gel structure, whose physical properties hardly changed. Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption.
The Impact of Data Integration on the Costs and Benefits of Information Systems

For many organizations, the ability to make coordinated, organization-wide responses to today's business problems is thwarted by the lack of data integration or commonly defined data elements and codes across different information systems. Though many researchers and practitioners have implicitly assumed that data integration always results in net benefits to an organization, this article questions that view. Based on theories of organizational information processing, a model of the impact of data integration is developed that includes gains in organization-wide coordination and organization-wide decision making, as well as losses in local autonomy and flexibility, and changes in system design and implementation costs. The importance of each of these impacts is defended by theoretical arguments and illustrated by case examples. This model suggests that the benefits of data integration will outweigh costs only under certain situations, and probably not for all the data the organization uses. Therefore, MIS researchers and practitioners should consider the need for better conceptualization and methods for implementing "partial integration" in organization.
Single-Dose Testosterone Administration Impairs Cognitive Reflection in Men

In nonhumans, the sex steroid testosterone regulates reproductive behaviors such as fighting between males and mating. In humans, correlational studies have linked testosterone with aggression and disorders associated with poor impulse control, but the neuropsychological processes at work are poorly understood. Building on a dual-process framework, we propose a mechanism underlying testosterone’s behavioral effects in humans: reduction in cognitive reflection. In the largest study of behavioral effects of testosterone administration to date, 243 men received either testosterone or placebo and took the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), which estimates the capacity to override incorrect intuitive judgments with deliberate correct responses. Testosterone administration reduced CRT scores. The effect remained after we controlled for age, mood, math skills, whether participants believed they had received the placebo or testosterone, and the effects of 14 additional hormones, and it held for each of the CRT questions in isolation. Our findings suggest a mechanism underlying testosterone’s diverse effects on humans’ judgments and decision making and provide novel, clear, and testable predictions.
On the capacity of multisource non-coherent network coding

We consider multisource non-coherent network coding, where multiple sources send information to one or multiple receivers. We prove that this is equivalent to a “subspace” channel, that takes subspaces as inputs and outputs. We then show that the rate of each individual receiver is upper bounded as δ<inf>i</inf>(T−δ<inf>1</inf>−δ<inf>2</inf>), where δ<inf>i</inf> is what we define to be the “dominating” dimension in the subspace codebook of source i, and T is the “coherence” time of the network.
Effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle proteome in patients with type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE Exercise training alters protein abundance in the muscle of healthy individuals, but the effect of exercise on these proteins in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how exercise training alters the skeletal muscle proteome in patients with T2D. METHODS Biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained before and after 4 wk of exercise training in six patients with T2D (54 ± 4 yr; body mass index (BMI), 29 ± 2) and six age- and BMI-matched control subjects (48 ± 2; BMI, 28 ± 3) studied at the baseline. The proteins were identified and quantified using normalized spectral abundance factors by multidimensional high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of the 1329 proteins assigned at the baseline, 438 were present in at least half of all the muscle samples; of these, 15 proteins differed significantly between the patients with T2D and control subjects (P < 0.05). In the diabetic patients, the exercise training altered the abundance of 17 proteins (P < 0.05). Key training adaptations included an increase in proteins of the malate-aspartate shuttle and citric acid cycle, reduced the abundance of glycolytic proteins, and altered the abundance of cytoskeleton proteins. CONCLUSION The data from this study support the ability of exercise training to alter the abundance of proteins that regulate metabolism and cytoskeletal structure in patients with T2D. These findings open new avenues for future research.
Relationship between iron status in pregnant women and their newborn babies

We studied 157 pregnant women living in Merida, Spain, during their third trimester of pregnancy and their newborns at birth, analyzing the mother's and the umbilical cord's blood for hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron and serum ferritin. We observed statistically significant correlations between hemoglobin and hematocrit values of the mother with erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values of her child and between serum iron of mother and child. The blood levels in the umbilical cord did not decrease until the ferritin value of the mother was < 12 μg/1. Under these conditions the ferritin levels in the umbilical cord blood (80.4 μg/1) were significantly lower than in those newborn infants whose mother had adequate ferritin levels (123 μg/1). We deduce that maternal iron status seems to condition, at least partially, fetal iron status, specially when the mother has some deficiencies. We did not find a lower birth weight in children of anemic mothers. Actually, we found an inverse correlation between maternal hemoglobin values and infant birth weight (r =‐0.1731, p < 0.05). It is possible that the demands on the mother are increased in the case of a newborn infant of greater size.
Valuing the work of unpaid community health workers and exploring the incentives to volunteering in rural Africa

Community health worker (CHW) programmes are currently being scaled-up in sub-Saharan Africa to improve access to healthcare. CHWs are often volunteers; from an economic perspective, this raises considerations whether reliance on an unpaid workforce is sustainable and how to appropriately cost and value the work of CHWs. Both these questions can be informed by an understanding of CHWs’ workload, their opportunity costs of time and the perceived benefits of being a CHW. However, to date few studies have fully explored the methodological challenges in valuing CHW time. We examined the costs and benefits of volunteering in a sample of 45 CHWs providing integrated community case management of common childhood illnesses in rural Uganda in February 2012 using different methods. We assessed the value of CHW time using the minimum public sector salary rate and a CHW-elicited replacement wage, as well as the opportunity cost of time based on CHW-estimated annual income and alternative work opportunities, respectively. Reported monthly CHW workload, a median of 19.3 h (range 2.5–57), was valued at USD 6.9 (range 0.9–20.4) per month from the perspective of the healthcare system (applicable replacement wage) and at a median of USD 4.1 (range 0.4–169) from the perspective of the CHWs (individual opportunity cost of time). In a discrete choice experiment on preferred work characteristics, remuneration and community appreciation dominated. We find that volunteering CHWs value the opportunity to make a social contribution, but the decision to volunteer is also influenced by anticipated future rewards. Care must be taken by those costing and designing CHW programmes to acknowledge the opportunity cost of CHWs at the margin and over the long term. Failure to properly consider these issues may lead to cost estimations below the amount necessary to scale up and sustain programmes.
Negative substrate bias effects on collector resistance in SiGe HBTs on thin film SOI

An analytical expression for collector resistance of a novel vertical SiGe partially-depleted HBT on thin SOI is obtained under negative substrate biases. The resistance decreases slowly with the increase of substrate-collector bias and the influence on transit frequency is trivial and acceptable. The model is consistent with simulation result and found to be significant in the design and simulation of 0.13 µm millimeter wave SiGe SOI BiCMOS technology.
Glutaric aciduria type I: A treatable neurometabolic disorder

Background and Objectives: Glutaric aciduria Type-I (GA-I) has characteristic clinical and neuroimaging features, which clinches the diagnosis in a majority of patients. However, there have been few case reports on GA-I from India. This study was undertaken to study the clinical presentations, metabolic profile, neuroimaging findings and outcome of patients with GA-I. Study Design: The present study was a retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of charts of patients with a diagnosis of GA-I was carried out from March 2008 to April 2010. The clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging findings were extracted in a predesigned proforma and the data was analyzed. Results: Eleven cases were found to have GA-1. Clinical presentation was quite varied. Follow-up of patients revealed that one patient with macrocephaly as the only clinical finding was developmentally normal. One patient with encephalitis-like illness steadily improved and started walking at 2 years. Two patients were bed ridden and had severe dystonia. One patient died during follow-up. The remaining six patients had dystonia and other abnormal movements, but had attained sitting without support and were not ambulatory. Conclusion: GA-I is not an uncommon disorder and diagnosis can be made easily based on clinical, laboratory investigations and neuroimaging findings. It is one of the treatable metabolic disorders and, if managed appropriately, favorable prognosis can be given.
Changing Times: Changing Challenges for Early Childhood Leaders

The diversity and complexity of change within school management practices, over the past decade, have meant changing roles for school leaders, teachers and their communities. Early childhood leaders in school settings have not been exempt from the impact of these changes as they have striven to accommodate rapid social and educational challenges within their leadership role. This article reports on a survey undertaken with Tasmanian early childhood teachers and leaders to investigate the nature and diversity of challenges faced by leaders with responsibilities in Kindergarten to Grade 2 leadership. Analysis of the data, concerning the most challenging aspects of early childhood leadership, revealed that both teachers and leaders perceived there were significant, diverse and complex educational changes being faced by leaders. Also, there were pressing organisational dilemmas associated with time available for teaching and leading. Further, teachers perceived there were key challenges inherent in the area of leaders' knowledge and relationships which were impacting negatively on the leadership provision in schools
Ensuring required failure atomicity of composite Web services

The recent evolution of Internet, driven by the Web services technology, is extending the role of the Web from a support of information interaction to a middleware for B2B interactions.Indeed, the Web services technology allows enterprises to outsource parts of their business processes using Web services. And it also provides the opportunity to dynamically offer new value-added services through the composition of pre-existing Web services.In spite of the growing interest in Web services, current technologies are found lacking efficient transactional support for composite Web services (CSs). In this paper, we propose a transactional approach to ensure the failure atomicity, of a CS, required by partners. We use the Accepted Termination States (ATS) property as a mean to express the required failure atomicity.Partners specify their CS, mainly its control flow, and the required ATS. Then, we use a set of transactional rules to assist designers to compose a valid CS with regards to the specified ATS.
Hypertension Control and Its Correlates Among Adults Attending a Hypertension Clinic in Tanzania

Hypertension control rates are low in sub‐Saharan Africa. Population‐specific determinants of blood pressure (BP) control have not been adequately described. The authors measured BP and conducted interviews to determine factors associated with BP control among adults attending a hypertension clinic in Tanzania. Three hundred adults were enrolled. BP was controlled in 47.7% of patients at the study visit but only 28.3% over three consecutive visits. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were not associated with control. Obesity and higher medication cost were associated with decreased control. Their effect was mediated through adherence. Good knowledge of (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–6.1; P=.047), attitudes towards (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0–7.1; P=.04), and practices concerning (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.3–13.0; P<.001) hypertension were independently associated with increased control, even after adjusting for mediation through adherence. Good adherence had the strongest association with control (OR, 14.6; 95% CI, 5.8–37.0; P<.001). Strategies to reduce hypertension‐related morbidity and mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa should target these factors. Interventional studies of such strategies are needed.
Energy-Efficient Link Adaptation with Shadow Fading

Energy-efficient link adaptation is studied for a channel exhibiting log-normal shadow fading in addition to path loss. Both circuit power and power dissipated in the power amplifier are considered. The effective throughput per Joule of energy is maximized over transmit power and a margin for shadowing. It is demonstrated that the optimization problem can be transformed to a pair of concave maximization problems over transmit power and hadowing margin, respectively. Effective algorithms with superlinear convergence are proposed to solve these concave problems. The effects of varying the circuit power, the power amplifier inefficiency parameter or the distance between transmitter and receiver are discussed. It is shown that neglecting the shadowing component by setting the shadowing margin to zero may result in large losses in energy efficiency.