Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Mathematical Physics a Multi–dimensional Lieb–schultz–mattis Theorem a Multi-dimensional Lieb-schultz-mattis Theorem

For a large class of finite-range quantum spin models with half-integer spins, we prove that uniqueness of the ground state implies the existence of a low-lying excited state. For systems of linear size L, of arbitrary finite dimension, we obtain an upper bound on the excitation energy (i.e., the gap above the ground state) of the form (C log L)/L. This result can be regarded as a multi-dimensional Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem [7] and provides a rigorous proof of the main result in [4].
A trypsin-sensitive receptor on membrane vesicles is required for nuclear envelope formation in vitro

The reformation of functioning organelles at the end of mitosis presents a problem in vesicle targeting. Using extracts made from Xenopus laevis frog eggs, we have studied in vitro the vesicles that reform the nuclear envelope. In the in vitro assay, nuclear envelope growth is linear with time. Furthermore, the final surface area of the nuclear envelopes formed is directly dependent upon the amount of membrane vesicles added to the assay. Egg membrane vesicles could be fractionated into two populations, only one of which was competent for nuclear envelope assembly. We found that vesicles active in nuclear envelope assembly contained markers (BiP and alpha-glucosidase II) characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but that the majority of ER-derived vesicles do not contribute to nuclear envelope size. This functional distinction between nuclear vesicles and ER-derived vesicles implies that nuclear vesicles are unique and possess at least one factor required for envelope assembly that is lacking in other vesicles. Consistent with this, treatment of vesicles with trypsin destroyed their ability to form a nuclear envelope; electron microscopic studies indicate that the trypsin-sensitive proteins is required for vesicles to bind to chromatin. However, the protease- sensitive component(s) is resistant to treatments that disrupt protein- protein interactions, such as high salt, EDTA, or low ionic strength solutions. We propose that an integral membrane protein, or protein tightly associated with the membrane, is critical for nuclear vesicle targeting or function.
Saving and Growth in Sri Lanka

In the aftermath of its long-standing civil war, Sri Lanka is keen to reap the social and economic benefits of peace. Even in the middle of civil conflict, the country was able to grow at rates that surpassed those of its neighbors and most developing countries. It is argued, then, that the peace dividend may bring about even higher rates of economic growth. Is this possible? And if so, under what conditions? To be sure, Sri Lanka's high growth rate in the past three decades did not come for free. It took an increasing effort of resource mobilization in the country, with a rise in national saving from 15 percent of gross domestic product in the mid-1970s to 25 percent in 2010. This rise in national saving was fundamentally fueled and sustained by the private sector. In the future, however, the private saving rate is likely to decline because the demographic transition experienced in the country is bound to produce higher old dependency rates in the next two decades. However, the public sector has much room for reducing its deficits and increasing public investment. Similarly, external investors are likely to encounter attractive and profitable investment projects in the coming years in a reformed and peaceful environment. The government of Sri Lank has two goals regarding these issues. First, increasing public saving to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product by 2013; and second, increasing international investment in the country by letting the current account deficit increase to 4-5 percent of gross domestic product in the coming years. If these goals are achieved, what can be expected for growth of gross domestic product in the country? To answer this question, this paper presents a neoclassical growth model with endogenous private saving, calibrates it to fit the Sri Lankan economy, and simulates the behavior of growth rates of gross domestic product and related variables under different scenarios. In what the authors call the Reform Scenario, total factor productivity would increase from 1 to 1.75 percent per year. This would produce a gross domestic product growth rate of about 6.5 percent in the next 5 years, 4.6 percent by 2020, and 3.5 percent by 2030, the end of the simulation period. This robust growth performance would be supported at the beginning mostly by capital accumulation but later on mainly by productivity improvements.
Propagating Updates in SPIDER

SPIDER, developed at AT&T Labs-Research, is a system that efficiently supports flexible string matching against attribute values in large databases, and is extensively used in AT&T. The scoring methodology is based on tf.idf weighting and cosine similarity, and SPIDER maintains indexes containing string tokens and their weights, for fast matching at query time. Given the "global" nature of the weights maintained in the indexes, even a few updates to the underlying database tables would necessitate a (near-complete recomputation of the indexes, which can be prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we explore novel techniques to considerably reduce the cost of propagating updates in SPIDER, without a significant degradation of answer accuracy or query performance. We present experimental evidence using real data sets to demonstrate the practical benefits of our techniques.
Effects of wildfire disaster exposure on male birth weight in an Australian population

Background and objectives: Maternal stress can depress birth weight and gestational age, with potential health effects. A growing number of studies examine the effect of maternal stress caused by environmental disasters on birth outcomes. These changes may indicate an adaptive response. In this study, we examine the effects of maternal exposure to wildfire on birth weight and gestational age, hypothesising that maternal stress will negatively influence these measures. Methodology: Using data from the Australian Capital Territory, we employed Analysis of Variance to examine the influence of the 2003 Canberra wildfires on the weight of babies born to mothers resident in fire-affected regions, while considering the role of other factors. Results: We found that male infants born in the most severely fire-affected area had significantly higher average birth weights than their less exposed peers and were also heavier than males born in the same areas in non-fire years. Higher average weights were attributable to an increase in the number of macrosomic infants. There was no significant effect on the weight of female infants or on gestational age for either sex. Conclusions and implications: Our findings indicate heightened environmental responsivity in the male cohort. We find that elevated maternal stress acted to accelerate the growth of male fetuses, potentially through an elevation of maternal blood glucose levels. Like previous studies, our work finds effects of disaster exposure and suggests that fetal growth patterns respond to maternal signals. However, the direction of the change in birth weight is opposite to that of many earlier studies.
The Cellular Target Specifi city of Pateamine A

Pateamine A (pateamine; Fig. 1) is a novel thiazole-containing natural product, fi rst isolated in the early 1990's from samples of the marine sponge Mycale hentscheli collected off the southwest coast of the South Island of New Zealand (Northcote et al., 1991). The biological activity of pateamine has been well characterized; it is highly toxic to a wide array of mammalian cell lines and has antifungal activity, but is essentially inactive against prokaryotes (Northcote et al., 1991). A number of detailed studies have been undertaken with pateamine itself or with desmethyl des-amino pateamine A (DMDA-PatA), a simplifi ed analogue that retains activity comparable to the natural product (Romo et al., 2004). Like pateamine, DMDA-PatA shows a surprising lack of variability in activity towards a range of cell lines under normal growth conditions, with IC50 values typically within the 0.2 – 10 nM range for non-quiescent cells (Kuznetsov et al., 2009). There is a signifi cant difference in this activity between dividing and quiescent cells with quiescent cells being characterized as approximately 1000(Kuznetsov et al., 2009) to 2000-fold (Northcote et al., 1991) less sensitive. This wide-spectrum activity and specifi city for dividing cells suggest that pateamine interacts with one or more targets that are fundamental to eukaryotic cell survival and proliferation. Studies designed to determine the target of pateamine identifi ed that it inhibits protein synthesis through inhibition of cap-dependent translation, and have revealed that members of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) family are mediators of this activity (Bordeleau et al., 2005; Dang et al., 2009). Members of the eIF4A family are ATP-dependant RNA helicases (Grifo et al., 1983) and are the archetypal DEAD box helicases. There are three members of the eIF4A family in humans: eIF4AI and eIF4AII form a key component of the eIF4F complex that recruits the ribosome to a newly exported mRNA transcript (Conroy et al., 1990; Grifo et al., 1983; Yoderhill et al., 1993) and melts secondary structure in the mRNA 5`-UTR immediately proximal to the cap allowing the ribosome to access the start codon (Pause et al., 1994; Ray et al., 1985; Svitkin et al., 2001). The third member of the eIF4A family in humans, eIF4AIII, is required for non-sense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) as The Cellular Target Specifi city of Pateamine A
Kelu-1 Is a Binary L Dwarf: First Brown Dwarf Science from Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

We present near-infrared (1-2.4 μm) imaging of the L dwarf Kelu-1 obtained with the Keck sodium laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) system as part of a high angular resolution survey for substellar binaries. Kelu-1 was one of the first free-floating L dwarfs identified, and the origin of its overluminosity compared to objects of similar spectral type has been a long-standing question. Our images clearly resolve Kelu-1 into a 0. ″29 (5.4 AU) binary with near-infrared flux ratios of ≈0.5 mag. A previous nondetection of binarity by the Hubble Space Telescope demonstrates that the system is a true physical pair and that its projected orbital motion has been significant over the last 7 yr. Binarity explains the properties of Kelu-1 that were previously noted to be anomalous compared to other early L dwarfs. We estimate spectral types of L1.5-L3 and L3-L4.5 for the two components, giving model-derived masses of 0.05-0.07 and 0.045-0.065 M☉ for an estimated age of 0.3-0.8 Gyr. More distant companions are not detected to a limit of ≈5-9 MJup. The presence of Li 6708 Å absorption indicates that both components are substellar, but the weakness of this feature relative to other L dwarfs can be explained if only Kelu-1B is Li-bearing. Determining whether both or only one of the components possesses lithium could constrain the age of Kelu-1 (and other Li-bearing L binaries) with higher precision than is possible for most ultracool field objects. These results are the first LGS AO observations of brown dwarfs and demonstrate the potential of this new instrumental capability for substellar astronomy.
Competition , Takeovers and Gender Discrimination 2008-0214

Theories of taste-based discrimination predict that competitive pressures will drive discriminatory behavior out of the market. Using detailed matched employer-employee data, we analyze how firm takeovers and product market competition are related to the gender composition of the firm’s workforce and the gender wage gap. Using a differencein-difference framework and dealing with several endogeneity concerns, we find that the share of female employees increases as a result of an ownership change, in particular when product market competition is weak. Further, increased competition reduces the gender wage gap, especially among highly educated employees. While the estimated wage effect is quite small, the results support the main theoretical predictions. JEL: J2, J31, J7
The Limited Utility of Multiunit Data in Differentiating Neuronal Population Activity

To date, single neuron recordings remain the gold standard for monitoring the activity of neuronal populations. Since obtaining single neuron recordings is not always possible, high frequency or ‘multiunit activity’ (MUA) is often used as a surrogate. Although MUA recordings allow one to monitor the activity of a large number of neurons, they do not allow identification of specific neuronal subtypes, the knowledge of which is often critical for understanding electrophysiological processes. Here, we explored whether prior knowledge of the single unit waveform of specific neuron types is sufficient to permit the use of MUA to monitor and distinguish differential activity of individual neuron types. We used an experimental and modeling approach to determine if components of the MUA can monitor medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the mouse dorsal striatum. We demonstrate that when well-isolated spikes are recorded, the MUA at frequencies greater than 100Hz is correlated with single unit spiking, highly dependent on the waveform of each neuron type, and accurately reflects the timing and spectral signature of each neuron. However, in the absence of well-isolated spikes (the norm in most MUA recordings), the MUA did not typically contain sufficient information to permit accurate prediction of the respective population activity of MSNs and FSIs. Thus, even under ideal conditions for the MUA to reliably predict the moment-to-moment activity of specific local neuronal ensembles, knowledge of the spike waveform of the underlying neuronal populations is necessary, but not sufficient.
Malignant behaviorial characteristics of CD133+/− glioblastoma cells from a Northern Chinese population

Following emergence of the tumor stem cell theory, the increasing number of related studies demonstrates the theory’s growing importance in cancer research and its potential for clinical applications. Few studies have addressed the in vitro or in vivo properties of glioma stem cells from a Han Chinese population. In the present study, surgically obtained glioblastoma tissue was classified into two subtypes, CD133+ and CD133−. The hierarchy, invasiveness, growth tolerance under low nutrient conditions and colony forming abilities of the tissue samples were analyzed. Additionally, the characteristics of tumor cells transplanted subcutaneously or re-transplanted into nude mice were observed. The results demonstrated that CD133+ glioblastoma cells derived from Han Chinese glioma specimens were more prone to primitive cell differentiation and more invasive than CD133− glioblastoma cells, leading to increased tumor malignancy compared with CD133− cells. The tumor formation rates of CD133+ and CD133− cells in mice were 26/30 and 2/30, respectively. A comparison of tumor subtypes demonstrated that CD133+ glioblastoma cells had a lower incidence of cell apoptosis in the tumor tissue and higher protein expression levels of Oct4, Sox2, PCNA, EGFR, Ang2, MMP2 and MMP9 compared with CD133− cells. Flow cytometry revealed that in the CD133+ and CD133− glioblastoma cell-induced tumors, the percentage of CD133+ cells was 2.47±0.67 and 0.44±0.14%, respectively. The tumor formation rates following the re-transplantation of CD133+ or CD133− tumors into nude mice were 10/10 and 4/10, respectively. These findings suggest that the CD133+ glioblastoma cell subpopulation has a stronger malignant cell phenotype than the CD133− subpopulation and that its recurrence rate is increased compared with the primitive tumorigenic rate following in vivo transplantation.
Religion in the lives of American adolescents

The purpose of the project is to research the shape and influence of religion and spirituality in the lives of U.S. adolescents; to identify effective practices in the religious, moral, and social formation of the lives of youth; to describe the extent to which youth participate in and benefit from the programs and opportunities that religious communities are offering to their youth; and to foster an informed national discussion about the influence of religion in youth's lives, in order to encourage sustained reflection about and rethinking of our cultural and institutional practices with regard to youth and religion.
EFFECTS OF USING ENGLISH PODCASTS ON IDIOMS AND VOCABULARY LEARNING OF IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS

This study is an attempt to explore the potential effects of using podcasts on idiom and vocabulary learning of Iranian EFL upper and lower intermediate learners as well as their attitudes toward learning via podcasts. To achieve the goals of the study, 100 participants who are made homogeneous in terms of language proficiency using an Oxford Placement Test (OPT) are selected, and are subsequently divided into four groups: two experimental groups and two control groups. Those students whose scores fall two standard deviations above the mean are considered as the upper intermediate group and those whose scores fall two standard deviations below the mean constituted the lower intermediate group. Then, researcher make vocabulary and idiom pre-tests are administered to assess the learners� knowledge of the target vocabulary and idioms prior to treatment. As for the treatment, the students in the control group are taught conventionally using the readings in an ELT textbook, whereas the experimental groups� learners are taught using podcasts containing idioms and vocabulary in focus. Finally, the learners are given a post-test parallel in form to the pre-test. The findings indicate that the learners who are taught via podcasts outperformed the control group on the post-test. Moreover, the findings show that learners have a significantly positive attitude toward learning via podcasts. The results will have implications for EFL teachers and materials developers.
Nitrogen- and storage-affected carbohydrate partitioning in high-light-adapted Pelargonium cuttings in relation to survival and adventitious root formation under low light.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the role of nitrogen- and storage-affected carbohydrate availability in rooting of pelargonium cuttings, focusing on the environmental conditions of stock plant cultivation at low latitudes, transport of cuttings, and rooting under the low light that prevails during the winter rooting period in Central European greenhouses. METHODS Carbohydrate partitioning in high-light-adapted cuttings of the cultivar 'Isabell' was studied in relation to survival and adventitious root formation under low light. Effects of a graduated supply of mineral nitrogen to stock plants and of cutting storage were examined. KEY RESULTS Nitrogen deficiency raised starch levels in excised cuttings, whereas the concentrations of glucose and total sugars in leaves and the basal stem were positively correlated with internal total nitrogen (Nt). Storage reduced starch to trace levels in all leaves, but sugar levels were only reduced in tissues of non-nitrogen deficient cuttings. Sugars accumulated in the leaf lamina of stored cuttings during the rooting period, whereas carbohydrates were simultaneously exhausted in all other cutting parts including the petioles, thereby promoting leaf senescence. The positive correlation between initial Nt and root number disappeared after storage. Irrespectively of storage, higher pre-rooting leaf glucose promoted subsequent sugar accumulation in the basal stem and final root number. The positive relationships between initial sugar levels in the stems with cutting survival and in leaves with root formation under low light were confirmed in a sample survey with 21 cultivars provided from different sources at low latitudes. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that adventitious rooting of pelargonium cuttings can be limited by the initial amount of nitrogen reserves. However, this relationship reveals only small plasticity and is superimposed by a predominant effect of carbohydrate availability that depends on the initial leaf sugar levels, when high-light adaptation and low current light conditions impair net carbon assimilation.
Peer pressure and parental style as predictors of undergraduates attitude toward rape victims

Many researchers have been interested in the various psychological impacts of being a rape victim to the extent that researches have been tailored towards rape victims’ experiences and the assistance they get from the mental health, medical and legal systems; and also on how these interactions impact on their psychological well-being. Rape victims do not only feel distressed from the traumatic experience of being raped but also from the way the society acts towards them. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and social categories have been used to predict attitude towards rape victims. This study was conducted to assess the predictive influence of peer pressure and parenting style on undergraduates’ attitude towards rape victims. Three hundred undergraduates from two different Universities in Ekiti State, Nigeria, responded to self-report instruments that comprise of Attitude towards Rape Victim Scale, Peer Pressure Scale and Parenting Style questionnaire. Using convenient sampling method one hundred and fifty participants were drawn from each of the institutions. Participants were aged between 15- 25 years. Males were 173 (57.7%) while the females were 127 (42.3%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that parenting styles predicted undergraduates’ attitude towards rape victims. The study also revealed that peer pressure significantly predicted undergraduates’ attitude towards rape victims and that parenting style and peer pressure, interactively predict undergraduates’ attitude towards rape. Based on the findings, it was concluded that peer pressure and parenting are significant predictors of undergraduates’ attitude towards rape victims.
Inter Frame Coding with Template Matching Averaging

A template matching prediction based on a group of reconstructed pixels surrounding a target block enables prediction of pixels in the target block without motion information. The predictor of a target block is produced by minimizing the matching error of the template. Due to the freedom possessed by the template, the residuals of a target block may become large in flat regions. Our previous paper proposed to predictively encode the decimated version of a target block in flat regions to suppress the prediction errors. In this paper, the performance of template matching prediction is further improved. Multiple candidates are created by template matching at decoder. An average of the multiple candidates then forms the final predictor, which can reduce coding noise residing in the reference frames. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves coding efficiency of H.264 up to 7.9%.