Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flint

Writing concurrent software while achieving both correctness and efficiency is a grand challenge. To facilitate this task, concurrent data structures have been introduced into the standard library of popular languages like Java and C#. Unfortunately, while the operations exposed by concurrent data structures are atomic (or linearizable), compositions of these operations are not necessarily atomic. Recent studies have found many erroneous implementations of composed concurrent operations. We address the problem of fixing nonlinearizable composed operations such that they behave atomically. We introduce Flint, an automated fixing algorithm for composed Map operations. Flint accepts as input a composed operation suffering from atomicity violations. Its output, if fixing succeeds, is a composed operation that behaves equivalently to the original operation in sequential runs and is guaranteed to be atomic. To our knowledge, Flint is the first general algorithm for fixing incorrect concurrent compositions. We have evaluated Flint on 48 incorrect compositions from 27 popular applications, including Tomcat and MyFaces. The results are highly encouraging: Flint is able to correct 96% of the methods, and the fixed version is often the same as the fix by an expert programmer and as efficient as the original code.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS AND SOLUBLES FOR POULTRY

It is now well recognized by the feed industry that dramatically increasing quantities of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are entering the ingredient market. For those interested in the history of this ingredient, a substantial scientific literature exists in both refereed journals and proceedings of conferences, particularly the Distillers Feed Conference. In 1970, Dr. M. L. Scott presented a paper entitled “TwentyFive Years of Research on Distillers Feeds for Broilers” (1). Aside from Dr. Scott, many prominent poultry nutritionists of the day were active in studying the use of this ingredient, these including G. F. Combs, Sr. (2), T.D. Runnels (3), R. H. Harms (4), and L. S. Jensen (5, 6). Papers of the period reported on tests with laying hens in which the effects of DDGS were studied on egg production, egg size, interior egg quality and liver fat accumulation. Cromwell et al. (7) reported on the feeding characteristics of DDGS. Nevertheless, in recent decades DDGS has only rarely been a component of broiler and layer feeds, despite the dramatic growth of the poultry industry. The lack of interest in DDGS seems to stem partly from a relatively limited supply, competing use in ruminant feeds without having to dry the product, and concerns over an occasionally inconsistent composition. The DDGS available many decades ago was derived primarily from the beverage industry based on the fermentation of a variety of grains, in addition to commercial production of alcohol.
36 Comparisons of G and its Stability

The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body of data. As shown in the previous chapter, theory offers some hints that parts of G (its orientation) may be somewhat stable over modest amounts of time, but also suggests the G can dramatically change over short periods of time. Hence, the stability of G remains foremost an empirical question, and this chapter develops the tools to compare G. We start by considering the expected change in G under drift, examining theoretical and (more importantly) empirical work on this subject. The next section forms the bulk of this chapter, and focuses on proposed methods to compare two (or more) G matrices. A number of approaches have been proposed, all with flaws, but some are still useful. We then consider the empirical evidence for stability of G, which is a bit of a mixed bag. The basic conclusion is that the data do show that the orientation of G remains more stable than its eigenvalues, but this general observation could also be a result of weak power. We conclude with a brief discussion on methods for estimating the dimensionality of G and working with reduced-rank G matrices. A few comments regarding the expected change in the additive genetic covariance matrix under drift are in order, as one issue when comparing G matrices from different populations is whether an observed difference is simply due to drift. Recall from Chapter 5 that the change in the genetic variance under a strictly additive model has very nice properties. First, additive variance is strictly decreasing over time, with σ 2 A (t) = (1 − f t)σ 2 A (0) where f t is the inbreeding coefficient at time t. Second, if we consider the change in the mean under inbreeding (in a strictly additive model), there is no net change, but the distributions of means at time t has variance 2f t σ 2 A (0). Finally, when nonadditive variance is present, the change in σ 2 A under inbreeding is not predictable simply given σ 2 A (0) and f t. Additive variance can actually increase for a time under inbreeding, either by epistatic variance being converted into additive variance and/or by the presence of dominance. Finally, when dominance is present, the mean can also show inbreeding …
Examining the Relationship Between School Counselors’ Age, Years of Experience, School Setting, and Self-Perceived Transformational Leadership Skills

This study examined influential factors in the development of transformational leadership skills of school counselors who are the members of the American School Counselor Association. Using multiple regression with a sample of 102 practicing school counselors, we examined the influence of age and/or years of experience to self-perceived transformational leadership skills. Results indicated no significance between age and self-perceived transformational leadership scores, but they showed a negative correlation between years of experience and transformational leadership. We discuss implications for counselor educators and school counselor leaders.
Automatic person authentication using fewer channel EEG motor imagery

A biometric person authentication system using brain waves or Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded using a minimum number of channels ranging from 2 to 6 is presented. The task for EEG recording consists of simple motor imagery movements that the subject has to imagine. The system uses an effective time-frequency based feature extraction method using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) or spectrogram. Energy, variance, and skewness features are computed on the spectrogram. These features are used to train a support vector machine and neural network classifier. The classifiers are tested for person authentication with testing data using cross-validation. Results using a different number of channels with optimum features are presented.
Privacy in Repair : Challenges around the Broken Digital Objects in Bangladesh 1 st

This paper presents our study on the privacy issues associated with the practice of repairing broken digital objects in the context of a developing country. Historically, the studies in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICTD), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), and related disciplines have focused on the design, development, and use of technologies. This has made repair a neglected topic in these disciplines. However, some very recent studies have shown that repair constitutes an important feature of technical practices in many developing countries [2, 9, 12, 15]. Such studies have pointed out the importance of improving tools, techniques, knowledge, and practices around repairing, and the development through technology. Our paper responds to this call of ICTD. To improve the practices around repair in developing countries, we have concentrate on the privacy aspect of repairing in this paper. Based on our ethnography at 10 different repair markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we reveal a picture of vulnerable privacy in repairing practices there. Furthermore, our survey and interviews depict the user perceptions around privacy in repair and its connections with broader social and cultural values.
METHODS Data We used administrative and survey data from the 2008 study Disparities and Barriers to Utilization among Minnesota Health Care Program

Studies have examined how individual risk factors affect unmet health needs, but few have assessed how factors combine to create compounded risk. Using administrative and survey data from 1,897 publicly insured individuals in Minnesota, this study examines how diagnosed depression—a condition with established functional morbidity—moderates the association between seven common access barriers (e.g., transportation problems, lack of child care, clinic hours) and self-reported unmet health needs. Depression and access barriers were independently, positively associated with unmet need. Depression moderated barriers’ effects: Number of barriers reported had a stronger association with unmet need for individuals with depression. Depressed individuals reporting all barriers had a 70 percent chance of unmet need. Subgroup differences for individual barriers suggest that depressed individuals’ utilization patterns and functional limitations may shape their reactions to access barriers. Findings may inform improvements in public benefit designs and target the unique vulnerabilities associated with depression.
Language Teaching Materials and Learner Motivation in Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama University Students

Recently, the motivation of the student is a standout amongst the most imperative factors in Foreign Language Acquisition (FLA), in the meantime language teaching materials are having an essential impact and part in language learning and educating process. This exploration has target on how diverse materials stimulate motivation of students. Numerous factors which influence student's motivation towards teaching materials were seen, for example, enthusiasm for the topic, level of difficulty, importance to existing learning, impression of helpfulness.
Attitudes, beliefs and impulsivity in online gambling addiction

ABSTRACT Gambling research often refers to attitude and belief measurements to distinguish between problem and non-problem gamblers. Past studies also indicated that problem gamblers have a tendency to steeply discount rewards. The authors join both research streams and investigate the relationships between attitudes and beliefs on gambling addiction with the moderating effects of delay discounting using a novel methodological approach of double-hurdle model. They thereby differentiate the five sub-dimensions of the Gambling Attitude and Belief Scale (GABS): emotions, chasing, luck, attitudes and strategies. Findings show that emotional predispositions and chasing tendencies are positively related to the severity of online gambling addiction, independent of gamblers’ impulsivity. In contrast, gambling attitudes act as inhibitor for gamblers willing to wait for some time to receive higher reward. Findings show that money-related impulsiveness influences the relationship between sub-dimensions of GABS and gambling addiction: gambling attitudes and beliefs do not necessarily harm online gamblers but their positive or negative relationship to addiction depends on online gamblers’ impulsivity.
Automated heterogeneous platoons in unstructured environment: Real time tracking of a preceding vehicle using video stream

In autonomous driving, object tracking is necessary to gather actual information about the object of interest. The longitudinal and lateral controls of automated highway systems need a target object not only to maintain the safety distance between vehicles but also to keep the following vehicle in the same track as the preceding vehicle. So far automated highway systems were only developed for urban and highway environment depending on lane markings. In future, their application should be extended to unstructured environments (e.g. desert) and be adapted for heterogeneous vehicles. In this paper an approach towards this is presented, where the back view of preceding vehicle is the target object. This solution is independent from the environmental structure as well as additional equipment like infrared emitters. In this paper, the tracking process of the back view is discussed using video streams recorded by a stereo vision system. For an accurate and fast tracking in unstructured environment and with heterogeneous platoons the proposed method is a supplement to the detection process. Therefore, the tracking process has to be a) applicable under real time constraints and b) adaptable in dynamic environments. Compared to other methods related to object detection and tracking, the proposed method reduces the running time for the tracking of the back view from reported 12 - 30 to 16 - 66 frame/s.
Audiocentric Interface Design: A Building Blocks Approach

The advent of mobile, wearable, and ubiquitous computing presents opportunities for audiocentric interfaces that use sound as the primary or only means of displaying information to users whose eyes are otherwise engaged. While interface designers have a wealth of technological capabilities at their disposal for capturing, storing, transmitting, and displaying sound, there is a lack of appropriate resources to inform and inspire the design of compelling new audiocentric interfaces. This paper presents work towards developing guidelines for audio interface designers by developing a suite of interface “building blocks:” common interface elements that can be incorporated into the design of complex interfaces. Several audio progress meters and experiments in directing user focus in a spatialized audio environment are discussed.
PROMPT VERSUS PROBLEM: HELPING STUDENTS LEARN TO FRAME PROBLEMS AND THINK CREATIVELY

Currently engineering students are given opportunities to apply knowledge learned in the classroom to hands-on design projects. While being trained to solve problems, are creativity skills also developed as part of that experience? According to a recent study, surveys found that students do not feel that creativity is part of that experience (Kazerounian and Foley 2007). Two questions are posed to frame discussion: how does current curriculum shape the way students approach problems? What can be done to create assignments that encourage creative thinking? Four observations are made from a class that focuses on creativity and design.
Self-Routing Denial-of-Service Resistant Capabilities Using In-packet Bloom Filters

In this paper, we propose and analyze an in-packet Bloom-filter-based source-routing architecture resistant to Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks. The approach is based on forwarding identifiers that act simultaneously as path designators, i.e. define which path the packet should take, and as capabilities, i.e. effectively allowing the forwarding nodes along the path to enforce a security policy where only explicitly authorized packets are forwarded. The compact representation is based on a small Bloom filter whose candidate elements (i.e. link names) are dynamically computed at packet forwarding time using a loosely synchronized time-based shared secret and additional in-packet flow information (e.g., invariant packet contents). The capabilities are thus expirable and flow-dependent, but do not require any per-flow network state or memory look-ups, which have been traded-off for additional, though amenable, per-packet computation. Our preliminary security analysis suggests that the self-routing capabilities can be an effective building block towards DDoS-resistant network architectures.
A practical 1.2kW Inductive Power Transfer lighting system using AC processing controllers

This paper presents a 1.2 kW Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) lighting system using the parallel AC processing pickup. The AC processing pickup has been shown as an efficient and economic approach for producing high frequency AC outputs. IPT technology provides electrical power in a contactless manner, allowing multiple 1.2kW stage lights to be configured anywhere along the IPT track. This significantly reduces the setup time and improves the flexibility of such a system. The first description of a feedback control system with the AC processing pickup is proposed to improve the performance. Experimental results are given for the 1.2kW lighting system.
Examining the Relationship between Basic Needs Theory and Mental Toughness Transfer in Mentally Tough Athletes

The study is to determine the between the of the basic of relatedness and and the of as a life skill. 307 collegiate student-athletes were to their toughness, basic and the transferred toughness to other domains. RESULTS: Satisfaction of the basic needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness have a significant positive relationship with mental toughness transfer as a life skill. need satisfaction of autonomy predicts mental toughness transfer as a life skill. CONCLUSION: For students self-reporting as mentally tough, mental toughness can be transferred as a life skill.
Significant Neuroprotection against Ischemic Brain Injury by Inhibition of the MEK1 Protein Kinase in Mice: Exploration of Potential Mechanism Associated with Apoptosis

MEK1/2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates extracellular signal-responsive kinase (ERK)1/2. In the present study we explored the role of MEK1/2 in ischemic brain injury using a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, SL327, in mice. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a 30-min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Western blot analysis demonstrated the immediate activation of MEK/ERK after reperfusion (within the first 10 min) in the ischemic brain; this activation was dose dependently blocked by SL327 (10–100 mg/kg, i.p.). A single dose of SL327 (100 mg/kg) administered 15 min before or 25 min after the onset of ischemia resulted in 63.6% (n = 18, p< 0.001) and 50.7% (n = 18, p< 0.01) reduction in infarct size, respectively, compared with vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, SL327 significantly reduced neurological deficits 1 to 3 days after reperfusion (n = 12, p < 0.01). The salutary effect of SL327-induced neuroprotection was independent of mitochondrial cytochrome c release or caspase-8-mediated apoptosis; however, SL327 markedly suppressed the levels of active caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation (as a measure of apoptosis) after ischemia/reperfusion. Our data suggest that the inhibition of MEK1/2 results in neuroprotection from reperfusion injury and that this protection may be associated with the reduction in apoptosis.
A pan-cancer analysis of prognostic genes

Numerous studies have identified prognostic genes in individual cancers, but a thorough pan-cancer analysis has not been performed. In addition, previous studies have mostly used microarray data instead of RNA-SEQ, and have not published comprehensive lists of associations with survival. Using recently available RNA-SEQ and clinical data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas for 6,495 patients, we have investigated every annotated and expressed gene’s association with survival across 16 cancer types. The most statistically significant harmful and protective genes were not shared across cancers, but were enriched in distinct gene sets which were shared across certain groups of cancers. These groups of cancers were independently reconstructed by unsupervised clustering of Cox coefficients (a measure of association with survival) for individual genes or for gene programs. This analysis has revealed unappreciated commonalities among cancers which may provide insights into cancer pathogenesis and rationales for co-opting treatments between cancers.
A Multigroup Invariance Analysis and Gender Difference of Students’ Self-efficacy and Attitude Concerning Mathematics

This article aimed to examine multigroup invariance of Mathematics Self-efficacy and Attitude Scales (MSAS) and examine the differences of MSAS in term of gender. 1135 (630 female and 505 male) Year 9 students in Aceh, Indonesia were involved in the study. The invariance analysis was performed to investigate whether the items in the MSAS are behaving identically for Year 9 female and male students in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. The results reported the indication of multigroup equivalence of the MSAS between gender (p-value is not statistically significant or ∆CFI ≤ 0.01). An independent t-test indentified that students’ attitude concerning mathematics is significantly different between gender of students. Female students’ positive attitude concerning mathematics is higher compared to male students’. This study may be used as one of the evidences as for the needs to enhance male students attitude toward mathematics.
The Psychological Processes of Mixed Valence Images: Emotional Response, Visual Attention, and Memory

Despite the growing significance of emotional images in advertising, the psychological and physiological responses toward multiple opposite valence images presented simultaneously remains somewhat unexplored. This eye-tracking research examined the relationship between emotional response, visual attention, and recall. The results showed that individuals were more likely to gaze toward the positive images than the negative ones when exposed to both simultaneously. More importantly, longer gaze duration translated into a stronger emotional response toward the images. Together gaze duration and the Empowerment dimension of emotional response significantly predicted the recall of the images. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Automatic Gait Optimisation for Quadruped Robots

As part of the winning team in the Sony legged robot league of the RoboCup 2003 international robotic soccer competition, we used automatic gait optimisation. This was the first such technique seen in the competition and allowed an improvement in both speed and stability over previous gaits. Additionally, the technique was fast enough to run on-site at the competition, optimising the walk for the particular surface used. This paper describes the gait optimisation technique as well as some surprising features of the final gait discovered by the algorithm.
A Regression Analysis of Motivations for Saudi University Male Student Volunteers

Abstract As a major national asset for promoting social development, volunteer groups have grown rapidly worldwide and have brought significant benefits to individuals, communities, and society in general. Volunteering is encouraged and common among Muslims in the Middle East, but there is rare study on why they volunteer. This study used multiple regression to explore what motivates Saudi male university students to volunteer with a sample of 223 subjects. The results show that all predictor variables such as pro-social personality, values function, career function, social function, enhancement function, protective function, and learning function of volunteering, community identity, institutional facilitation, and Islamic cultural motivation, are statistically significantly correlated to students’ volunteering intentions, but these factors contribute to the ordinary least square regression model at different levels. Only career (B = 0.217), social (B = 0.212), learning (B = 0.280), and enhancement functions (B = 0.230) of volunteering have statistically significant influence on Saudi university male students’ volunteering intention. Findings highlight a need for a focus on instrumental needs of volunteers by government and NGOs. In regards to future research, gender and educational impacts on volunteers’ motive should be explored.