Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Puzzle J in Abstract

Data mining techniques enable discovery of valuable data patterns and knowledge in shared data and increase profitability and enhance national security. Security and privacy threats arising from the use of data mining techniques bring a risk of disclosure of confidential knowledge as data is made public. How to control the level of knowledge disclosure and secure certain confidential patterns is a subtask comparable to confidential data hiding in privacy preserving data mining. We propose a technique to simultaneously hide data values and confidential patterns without undesirable side effects on distorting nonconfidential patterns. We use nonnegative matrix factorization technique to distort the original datas et and preserve its overall characteristics. A factor swapping method is designed to hide particular confidential patterns in an unsupervised learning. The effectiveness of this novel hiding technique is examined by conducting k-means clustering on a benchmark dataset. Experimental results indicate that our technique can produce a single modified dataset to achieve both pattern and data value hiding. The usability of the data is well maintained. Under certain constraints on the nonnegative matrix factorization iterations, an optimal solution can be computed in which the user-specified confidential memberships or relationships are hidden without undesirable alterations on URL: http://www.csr. uky.edu/ jwanga yThe corresponding author. E-mail: jzhang@cs.uky.edu, URL : http://www.cs.uky.edu/ jzhang. This author’s research work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CCF-0527967, in part by the National Institutes of Health un der grant 1R01HL086644-01, in part by the Kentucky Science and Engine ering Foundation under grant KSEF-148-502-06-186, and in par t by the Alzheimer’s Association under Grant NIGR-06-25460. nonconfidential patterns.
Metagenomic sequencing of marine periphyton: taxonomic and functional insights into biofilm communities

Periphyton communities are complex phototrophic, multispecies biofilms that develop on surfaces in aquatic environments. These communities harbor a large diversity of organisms comprising viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, and metazoans. However, thus far the total biodiversity of periphyton has not been described. In this study, we use metagenomics to characterize periphyton communities from the marine environment of the Swedish west coast. Although we found approximately ten times more eukaryotic rRNA marker gene sequences compared to prokaryotic, the whole metagenome-based similarity searches showed that bacteria constitute the most abundant phyla in these biofilms. We show that marine periphyton encompass a range of heterotrophic and phototrophic organisms. Heterotrophic bacteria, including the majority of proteobacterial clades and Bacteroidetes, and eukaryotic macro-invertebrates were found to dominate periphyton. The phototrophic groups comprise Cyanobacteria and the alpha-proteobacterial genus Roseobacter, followed by different micro- and macro-algae. We also assess the metabolic pathways that predispose these communities to an attached lifestyle. Functional indicators of the biofilm form of life in periphyton involve genes coding for enzymes that catalyze the production and degradation of extracellular polymeric substances, mainly in the form of complex sugars such as starch and glycogen-like meshes together with chitin. Genes for 278 different transporter proteins were detected in the metagenome, constituting the most abundant protein complexes. Finally, genes encoding enzymes that participate in anaerobic pathways, such as denitrification and methanogenesis, were detected suggesting the presence of anaerobic or low-oxygen micro-zones within the biofilms.
Effects of anesthesia versus regional nerve block on major leg amputation mortality rate

There are greater than 120,000 above-knee amputations (AKA) and below-knee amputations (BKA) performed in the USA each year. Traditionally, general anesthesia (GA) was the preferred modality of anesthesia. The use of regional nerve blocks has recently gained popularity, however, without the supporting evidence of any mortality benefits. Our objective was to evaluate whether regional nerve blocks yield significant mortality reduction in major lower-extremity amputations. Retrospective data of both AKA and BKA procedures at the Maimonides Medical Center from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed. Patients received either general sedation, spinal or ultrasound-guided regional nerve blocks as per decision of the attending anesthesiologist. Regional nerve blocks for major lower-extremity amputations consisted of femoral, sciatic, saphenous and popliteal nerve blocks. A retrospective inquiry of 30-day mortality was performed with reference to the Social Security Death Index and hospital records. One hundred and fifty-eight patients were included in the study (82 men and 86 women with mean age of 74.5 years ± 12.9 SD, range of 33-98 years) of which 46 patients had regional nerve blocks and 112 had GA or spinal blocks. Patients who received both regional blocks and GA/spinal blocks within 30 days were excluded. The overall 30-day mortality was 17.1% (27 patients) consisting of 15.2% for regional nerve analgesia versus 17.9% for GA/spinal blocks (P = 0.867). Age did not affect mortality outcome in either groups of anesthesia modality. Our analysis did not reveal any mortality benefit of utilizing regional nerve block over GA or spinal blocks.
Specific antioxidant activity of caffeoyl derivatives and other natural phenolic compounds: LDL protection against oxidation and decrease in the proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholine production.

Specific antioxidant activity (SAA) (i.e., activity related to the molar or gallic acid equivalent amount of antioxidant) of natural polyphenolic mixtures or pure phenolic compounds was studied using their capacity to delay the conjugated diene production brought about by in vitro LDL copper-mediated or AAPH-mediated oxidation. The cinnamic acid series (caffeic, sinapic, ferulic acids) displayed a constant SAA over a large range of concentrations, whereas the benzoic acid series (gallic and protocatechuic acids) showed much higher SAA at low concentrations. The natural phenolic mixtures had a constant SAA. The highest SAA was obtained with caffeoyl esters (caffeoylquinic, rosmarinic, and caffeoyltartaric acids) and catechin for the copper-oxidation and the AAPH-oxidation system, respectively. Phenolic mixtures and acids delayed vitamin E depletion and decreased proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholine production. As with polyphenols, probucol delayed lysophosphatidylcholine and conjugated dienes production, at higher concentrations, but was not effective at preventing vitamin E depletion. Polyphenols prevent the oxidation of LDL and its constituents (vitamin E, phosphatidylcholine), which is compatible with an antiinflammatory and antiatherosclerotic role in pathophysiological conditions.
Explaining the subpulse drift velocity of pulsar magnetosphere within the space-charge limited flow model

We try to explain the subpulse drift phenomena adopting the space-charge limited flow model and comparing the plasma drift velocity in the inner region of pulsar magnetospheres with the observed velocity of drifting subpulses. We apply the approach described in a recent paper of van Leeuwen & Timokhin, where it was shown that the standard estimation of the subpulse drift velocity through the total value of the scalar potential drop in the inner gap gives inaccurate results, while the exact expression relating the drift velocity to the gradient of the scalar potential should be used instead. After considering a selected sample of sources taken from the catalogue of Weltevrede et al. with coherently drifting subpulses and reasonably known observing geometry, we show that their subpulse drift velocities would correspond to the drift of the plasma located very close or above the pair formation front. Moreover, a detailed analysis of PSR B0826−34 and PSR B0818−41 reveals that the variation of the subpulse separation with the pulse longitude can be successfully explained by the dependence of the plasma drift velocity on the angular coordinates.
A Theory of Fairness, Competition and Cooperation

There is strong evidence that people exploit their bargaining power in competitive markets but not in bilateral bargaining situations. There is also strong evidence that people exploit free-riding opportunities in voluntary cooperation games. Yet, when they are given the opportunity to punish free riders, stable cooperation is maintained although punishment is costly for those who punish. This paper asks whether there is a simple common principle that can explain this puzzling evidence. We show that if a fraction of the people exhibits inequality aversion the puzzles can be resolved.
SHRINKAGE & MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN CONCRETE WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATES

Shrinkage & Modulus of Elasticity in Concrete with Recycled Aggregates Brett Michael Schoppe This paper presents results on experimental research for concrete produced using recycled coarse aggregates (RCA). Five types of coarse aggregates were used in this study, four of which were RCA. The main purpose of this research was to examine how different types and properties of coarse aggregate affected compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and shrinkage in concrete when natural coarse aggregates were replaced with RCA. Concrete batches were made with water-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60, and substitution percentages ranged from 0% to 100% of natural aggregate with RCA. Test results clearly show that compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and shrinkage greatly depend on the quality and type of coarse aggregate used. In addition to testing of hardened concrete, predictive models for elasticity and ultimate shrinkage were developed to formulate and reinforce proposed conclusions about the properties and performance for the different RCA.
Predictive DNA Testing and Prophylactic Thyroidectomy in Patients at Risk for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A

BackgroundMissense germ-line mutations in the RET protooncogene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A). Detection of these mutant alleles in kindred members predicts disease inheritance and provides the basis for preventative thyroidectomy. MethodsA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genetic test for the 19 known RET mutations was designed to study 132 members of 7 kindreds with MEN 2A. Haplotypes also were constructed using genetic markers flanking the MEN 2A locus. Plasma calcitonin (CT) concentrations were determined before and after provocative testing. ResultsDirect DNA testing and haplotype analysis showed that 21 of 58 kindred members at risk for disease had inherited a mutation in the RET protooncogene associated with MEN 2A. Plasma CT concentrations were elevated in 9 of the 21 family members, but were normal in 12. After genetic counseling, 13 of the 21 kindred members (6 with normal and seven with elevated plasma CT levels), consented to immediate thyroidectomy. In each patient, the resected thyroid gland showed C-cell hyperplasia with or without medullary thyroid carcinoma. There were no metastases to regional lymph nodes, and postoperative stimulated plasma CT levels were normal. ConclusionThe PCR-based direct DNA test for RET mutations is accurate, rapid, and reproducible. For all 132 individuals evaluated, the results of direct DNA analysis were consistent with haplotype studies. The direct test for mutations in the RET protooncogene is the preferred method for screening MEN 2A kindreds. In family members who have inherited a RET mutation, total thyroidectomy is indicated, regardless of the plasma CT values.
[Introduction of the demoralization scale in Hungary, a study on demoralization and depression among hospice patients].

UNLABELLED Depression is a common problem among hospice patients. In the past few years, the international literature has dealt with demoralization, which is a new phenomenon. According to clinical studies, it give a better description of the patients' state in palliative care than depression. In Hungary there has been no research performed on demoralization yet. AIMS The aim of the authors was to introduce the demoralization scale in Hungary, learn about its practical use, as well as to study and compare demoralization and depression. METHODS The Hungarian translation of the demoralization scale and the short form of the Beck depression inventory were applied in the institutional and home hospice service in Pécs. RESULTS The rate of the patients with severe demoralization but no depression was 10.5-21%. According to the severity of the demoralization, the rate of severely demoralized patients was 37-53%. Patients who suffered from pain or severe physical problems were significantly more demoralized and depressed. DISCUSSION In hospice patients, demoralization occurs in a higher rate than depression. The demoralization scale is suitable for describing patients' feelings and thoughts. The relief of their physical symptoms affects their emotional state. The authors introduced the demoralization scale in Hungary which can be a good tool for psychological management in palliative care.
COHORT PROFILE Cohort Profile : The HUNT Study , Norway

The HUNT Study includes large total population-based cohorts from the 1980ies, covering 125 000 Norwegian participants; HUNT1 (198486), HUNT2 (1995-97) and HUNT3 (2006-08). The study was primarily set up to address arterial hypertension, diabetes, screening of tuberculosis, and quality of life. However, the scope has expanded over time. In the latest survey a state of the art biobank was established, with availability of biomaterial for decades ahead. The three population based surveys now contribute to important knowledge regarding health related lifestyle, prevalence and incidence of somatic and mental illness and disease, health determinants, and associations between disease phenotypes and genotypes. Every citizen of Nord-Trøndelag County in Norway being 20 years or older, have been invited to all the surveys for adults. Participants may be linked in families and followed up longitudinally between the surveys and in several national healthand other registers covering the total population. The HUNT Study includes data from questionnaires, interviews, clinical measurements and biological samples (blood and urine). The questionnaires included questions on socioeconomic conditions, health related behaviours, symptoms, illnesses and diseases. Data from the HUNT Study are available for researchers who satisfy some basic requirements (www.ntnu.edu/hunt), whether affiliated in Norway or abroad.
A novel WT1 missense mutation presenting with Denys-Drash syndrome and cortical atrophy.

Germline heterozygous missense mutations in the Wilms’ tumour suppressor gene 1 (WT1) cause Denys–Drash Syndrome (DDS), which is characterized by a progressive glomerulopathy (mainly diffuse mesangial sclerosis), genital abnormalities in genotypic males and a predisposition to Wilms’ tumour [1]. The protein exerts its function as a tissue-specific zinc finger transcription factor by binding to the promoter of its target genes and, thus, regulating their transcription. Loss of WT1 function through mutations results in the misregulation of these target genes and, subsequently, in developmental defects. The expression pattern of WT1 mRNA together with data obtained from WT1 deficient mice indicate that the function of the gene is not restricted to the urogenital system, but involves the development of other organs, such as spleen, adrenal glands, heart, mesothelium, spinal cord and brain [2–5]. We report a novel germline WT1 missense mutation in a genotypic male patient with DDS and cerebral atrophy.
YouMove: enhancing movement training with an augmented reality mirror

YouMove is a novel system that allows users to record and learn physical movement sequences. The recording system is designed to be simple, allowing anyone to create and share training content. The training system uses recorded data to train the user using a large-scale augmented reality mirror. The system trains the user through a series of stages that gradually reduce the user's reliance on guidance and feedback. This paper discusses the design and implementation of YouMove and its interactive mirror. We also present a user study in which YouMove was shown to improve learning and short-term retention by a factor of 2 compared to a traditional video demonstration.
Genetic evidence for two distinct transactivation functions of the herpes simplex virus alpha protein ICP27

Infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is a herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha, or immediate-early, protein involved in the regulation of viral gene expression. To better understand the function(s) of ICP27 in infected cells, we have isolated and characterized viral recombinants containing defined alterations in the ICP27 gene. The mutant virus d27-1 contains a 1.6-kilobase deletion which removes the ICP27 gene promoter and most of the coding sequences, while n59R, n263R, n406R, and n504R are mutants containing nonsense mutations which encode ICP27 molecules truncated at their carboxyl termini. All five mutants were defective for lytic replication in Vero cells. Analysis of the mutant phenotypes suggests that ICP27 has the following regulatory effects during the viral infection: (i) stimulation of expression of gamma-1 genes, (ii) induction of expression of gamma-2 genes, (iii) down regulation of expression of alpha and beta genes late in infection, and (iv) stimulation of viral DNA replication. Cells infected with the mutant n504R expressed wild-type levels of gamma-1 proteins but appeared to be unable to efficiently express gamma-2 mRNAs or proteins. This result suggests that ICP27 mediates two distinct transactivation functions, one which stimulates gamma-1 gene expression and a second one required for gamma-2 gene induction. Analysis of the mutant n406R suggested that a truncated ICP27 polypeptide can interfere with the expression of many viral beta genes. Our results demonstrate that ICP27 has a variety of positive and negative effects on the expression of viral genes during infection.
Finite Element Simulation of the Micropipette Aspiration of a Living Cell Undergoing Large Viscoelastic Deformation

Experiments and computational modeling in single cell mechanics are increasingly being used to evaluate the mechanical properties of living cells such as neutrophils, erythrocytes and fibroblasts. Here, we perform modeling of the micropipette aspiration experiment which has been widely used for measuring the viscoelastic properties of single cells. The commonly used standard linear solid model is extended into the standard neo-Hookean solid model and the large deformation of anchorage-dependent cells in response to micropipette aspiration is simulated. The effects of pipette radius and fillet radius on the rheological behaviour of the cell are also systematically studied. Based on the finite element results, three relationships are derived for the interpretation of the mechanical parameters from the micropipette aspiration of cytoskeleton-rich eukaryotic cells.
Financial Markets : Which Way to Go ? Testing for Contagion Graduate Institute of International Studies

This paper tests for the existence of contagion during the 1997/98 Asian crisis. We interpret contagion as a significant change in the way that countryspecific shocks are transmitted across international stock markets. Using the full-information framework of Favero and Giavazzi (2002) we find that the null hypothesis of no contagion is widely rejected. We also uncover evidence of an asymmetric transmission of shocks. Since our results contrast with those obtained by Rigobon (2001, 2002) using a limited-information methodology we present Monte Carlo simulations which show that certain necessary conditions must be satisfied for this method to have power. For parameter values in line with our econometric estimations we conclude that the power of the limitedinformation approach remains relatively low. JEL Classification: C3, F3, F4, G1
Optimizing bacterial expression of catalytically active human cytochromes P450: comparison of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9

Methods for the co-expression in Escherichia coli of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and CYP2C9 with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (OxR) to produce a catalytically active system were compared. Approaches assessed were expression of a CYP:OxR fusion construct, bicistronic plasmids, simultaneous transformation with CYP and OxR plasmids, and separate expression of CYP and OxR with reconstitution of activity by mixing the bacterial membranes. Two N-terminal modifications (A3-20 and 17a-leader) of the individual P450s were additionally investigated. Each approach gave efficient expression of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, but the bicistronic constructs under the expression conditions used gave low OxR expression and low catalytic activity. CYP expression was higher with the A3-20 construct for CYP2C9 and with the 17a-presequence construct for CYP2C8. Using torsemide as substrate, all methods gave catalytically active systems with Km values similar to human liver microsomes. Mixing bacterial membranes containing separately expressed CYP and OxR reconstituted a catalytically active system with the A3-20 construct for CYP2C9 but not for CYP2C8, and with neither of the 17a- presequence constructs. OxR co-expressed with CYP in the same membrane interacted with CYP to reconstitute activity more effectively than addition of exogenous OxR membranes. Expression construct and OxR co-expression strategy should be individualized for CYP isoforms.
Detection of a Closed Crack by Nonlinear Acoustics Using Ultrasonic Transducers

Recently diffusion joining and friction stir joining have been used for a solid state bonding. They can be affected by impurity of the atmosphere, temperature etc, so a closed crack may arise. This research investigates applicability of a new method by nonlinear acoustics to detection of closed cracks. Numerical analysis and experiment were conducted on a specimen with a closed crack. As a result, higher harmonics appeared in received signals. The longer the crack was, the larger the amplitude of higher harmonics became. These results show a possibility of nondestructive testing by nonlinear acoustics.
A Comparison of Word Embeddings for English and Cross-Lingual Chinese Word Sense Disambiguation

Word embeddings are now ubiquitous forms of word representation in natural language processing. There have been applications of word embeddings for monolingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) in English, but few comparisons have been done. This paper attempts to bridge that gap by examining popular embeddings for the task of monolingual English WSD. Our simplified method leads to comparable state-of-the-art performance without expensive retraining. Cross-Lingual WSD – where the word senses of a word in a source language come from a separate target translation language – can also assist in language learning; for example, when providing translations of target vocabulary for learners. Thus we have also applied word embeddings to the novel task of cross-lingual WSD for Chinese and provide a public dataset for further benchmarking. We have also experimented with using word embeddings for LSTM networks and found surprisingly that a basic LSTM network does not work well. We discuss the ramifications of this outcome.