Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skin Microbiome: An Actor in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

IntroductIon Psoriasis is characterized by raised, scaly, well‐demarcated, erythematous oval plaques. [1] Although studies have revealed that disruption of immune tolerance and excessive production of inflammatory factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the exact mechanism is still not clear. [2] Previous studies have shown that the concordance rate of monozygotic twins with psoriasis is greater than that of dizygotic twins,[3,4] with genetic factors underpinning 66–90% of the variation in risk of developing psoriasis. [5] These studies reveal not only the genetic influence on psoriasis but also that nongenetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Attitudes, satisfaction and usage: Factors contributing to each in the acceptance of information technology

This research tests and develops the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), introduced by Davis (1986), which attempts to explain end users' attitudes to computing technologies. It introduces several new variables, including compatibility, user characteristics, system rating and the enduser computing satisfaction (EUCS) construct, a surrogate measure for IT success and acceptance. A questionnaire with over seventy items was completed by a large number of users and LISREL, a technique for modelling a system of structural equations, was used to analyse the responses. The output shows the model as a whole fits the data very well and indicates significant relationships between variables in the model. These results confirm that TAM is a valuable tool for predicting attitudes, satisfaction, and usage from beliefs and external variables. They also show that relative advantage of the system contributed most to attitudes and satisfaction. Compatibility (of the system to the task performed) contributed most to usage an.
Attitudinal predictors of relative reliance on human vs. automated advisors

Trust and liking are attitudes with important implications for automation reliance in single-advisor settings; however, the extent to which their relationships with reliance generalise to settings in which the user receives conflicting advice from a human and automation is unknown. Participants completed an X-ray screening task and received simultaneous advice from what they believed was another human and an automated aid. High disuse was found for both advisors. Among participants who relied on advice, those with greater relative liking for the automation than for the human significantly increased their reliance on the automation relative to the human during the first half of the task. No significant relationships were found between relative trust or relative liking with reliance in the later part of the task, suggesting that reliance processes in dual-advisor settings may differ from those in single-advisor settings.
UV light-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are mutagenic in mammalian cells

We used a simian virus 40-based shuttle vector plasmid, pZ189, to determine the role of pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers in UV light-induced mutagenesis in monkey cells. The vector DNA was UV irradiated and then introduced into monkey cells by transfection. After replication, vector DNA was recovered from the cells and tested for mutations in its supF suppressor tRNA marker gene by transformation of Escherichia coli carrying a nonsense mutation in the beta-galactosidase gene. When the irradiated vector was treated with E. coli photolyase prior to transfection, pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers were removed selectively. Removal of approximately 90% of the pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers increased the biological activity of the vector by 75% and reduced its mutation frequency by 80%. Sequence analysis of 72 mutants recovered indicated that there were significantly fewer tandem double-base changes and G X C----A X T transitions (particularly at CC sites) after photoreactivation of the DNA. UV-induced photoproducts remained (although at greatly reduced levels) at all pyr-pyr sites after photoreactivation, but there was a relative increase in photoproducts at CC and TC sites and a relative decrease at TT and CT sites, presumably due to a persistence of (6-4) photoproducts at some CC and TC sites. These observations are consistent with the fact that mutations were found after photoreactivation at many sites at which only cyclobutane dimers would be expected to occur. From these results we conclude that UV-induced pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers are mutagenic in DNA replicated in monkey cells.
Cascading impacts of bark beetle‐caused tree mortality on coupled biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes

Recent, large-scale outbreaks of bark beetle infestations have affected millions of hectares of forest in western North America, covering an area similar in size to that impacted by fire. Bark beetles kill host trees in affected areas, thereby altering water supply, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling in forests; for example, the timing and amount of snow melt may be substantially modified following bark beetle infestation, which impacts water resources for many western US states. The quality of water from infested forests may also be diminished as a result of increased nutrient export. Understanding the impacts of bark beetle outbreaks on forest ecosystems is therefore important for resource management. Here, we develop a conceptual framework of the impacts on coupled biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes following a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas var latifolia) forests in the weeks to decades after an infestation, and highlight fu.
How we BLESSed distributional semantic evaluation

We introduce BLESS, a data set specifically designed for the evaluation of distributional semantic models. BLESS contains a set of tuples instantiating different, explicitly typed semantic relations, plus a number of controlled random tuples. It is thus possible to assess the ability of a model to detect truly related word pairs, as well as to perform in-depth analyses of the types of semantic relations that a model favors. We discuss the motivations for BLESS, describe its construction and structure, and present examples of its usage in the evaluation of distributional semantic models.
Understanding and Overcoming the Challenges Posed by Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Guided by the great achievements of lithium (Li)-ion battery technologies, post Li-ion battery technologies have gained a considerable interest in recent years. Their success would allow us to realize a sustainable society, enabling us to mitigate issues like global warming and resource depletion. Of such technologies, Magnesium (Mg) battery technologies have attracted attention as a high energy-density storage system due to the following advantages: (1) potentially high energy-density derived from a divalent nature, (2) low-cost due to the use of an earth abundant metal, and (3) intrinsic safety aspect attributed to non-dendritic growth of Mg. However, these notable advantages are downplayed by undesirable battery reactions and related phenomena. As a result, there are only a few working rechargeable Mg battery systems. One of the root causes for undesirable behavior is the sluggish diffusion of Mg2+ inside a host lattice. Another root cause is the interfacial reaction at the electrode/electrolyte boundary. For the cathode/electrolyte interface, Mg2+ in the electrolyte needs a solvation-desolvation process prior to diffusion inside the cathode. Apart from the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the cathode, the divalent nature of Mg should cause kinetically slower solvation-desolvation processes than that of Li-ion systems. This would result in a high charge transfer resistance and a larger overpotential. On the contrary, for the anode/electrolyte interface, the Mg deposition and dissolution process depends on the electrolyte nature and its compatibility with Mg metal. Also, the Mg metal/electrolyte interface tends to change over time, and with operating conditions, suggesting the presence of interfacial phenomena on the Mg metal. Hence, the solvation-desolvation process of Mg has to be considered with a possible SEI. Here, we focus on the anode/electrolyte interface in a Mg battery, and discuss the next steps to improve the battery performance.
Cardiovascular function, cognition, and everyday activities in older adults

Research regarding hypertension and heart disease in older adults has indicated that these cardiovascular diseases are often associated with cognitive decline beyond that which is typically observed with normal aging. However, far less research has evaluated the relationship between non-diseased cardiovascular function and cognitive performance in older adults, and no studies have specifically addressed the intersection of nondiseased cardiovascular function, cognition, and everyday activities (i.e., instrumental activities of daily living, life space mobility). This study recruited community-dwelling adults (N = 197) age 65 and over and sought to evaluate these associations using structural equation modeling (i.e., SEM), as well as individual multiple regression analyses. Overall, cardiovascular function, as measured by systolic and diastolic blood pressures, was not significantly associated with cognition or everyday activities. Participants reported no history of hypertension or reported pharmacologically controlled hypertension. However, a substantial portion of the sample was found to have blood pressure measurements in the hypertensive range (n = 84). Group comparisons based on hypertension status were conducted to evaluate whether cognitive or functional differences existed. No differences were found. In sum, among this select sample of generally healthy community-dwelling older adults, cardiovascular health did not affect cognition, life space mobility, or instrumental activities of daily living.
The Self: Psychological and Philosophical Issues

trically blind to cross-cultural issues faced by Christians outside the Englishspeaking sphere. When he comes to advocating a Christian political party,. therefore, one feels alarmed by the possibility that Christians more conservative than he ispowerful ‘Bible-belt’ supporters of President Reagan, for instance-might push through inflexible legislation on moral matters to perpetuate the false image of Christianity as legalistic and totalitarian. Yet the return of Calvin’s Geneva is not, I suspect, what most Christians would wish on contemporary societies, while Christian involvement in politics in western nations is already far too diverse to be straightjacketed into but one old-fashioned unit. Significantly, Storkey says all too little about international peace and proportionately too much about the legitimacy of a just war. That only goes to show how his Calvinistic preoccupation with the Old Testament as a mine of social teachings overshadows the non-legalistic spirit of the New, and also how suitable his position will appear to dangerous, bellicose crusaders against Communism! AIso, although Storkey is hardly anti-intellectual, one implication of his thesis is that even adaptations of existing humanist methodologies in the name of a ‘heightened awareness’ of the religious dimension is not enough. Yet surely it is just as much a Christian perspective to celebrate the creation and test the possibilities of various methodologies (even Marxism) and thus forestall the pitfalls of a dull uniformity.
Key-Frame Based Robust Video Hashing Using Isometric Feature Mapping

In order to identify videos on the Internet, a robust video hashing based on key frames and Isometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP) is proposed in this paper. In this method, key frames extraction and hash generation are two major components. During the video hashing, key frame extraction is achieved by a uniform distribution vector and video tomography analysis, while hash generation is accomplished by ISOMAP and hash calculation algorithm. To reduce the numerousness of frames in the high-dimensional space, video shots are first detected based on video tomography and key frames are tagged by a vector. Meanwhile, the luminance coefficients of key frames are computed to represent the high dimensional feature. The ISOMAP is carried out to globally and optimally map the key frames of video to a trajectory of points in a low dimensional space. The distances between points are computed and a hash calculation method is proposed to get hash sequence, which can inherently describe the corresponding video. Experimental results show that the video hashing has good robustness and discrimination.
Low dose mitomycin-C in severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a randomized prospective double blind study.

PURPOSE To study the efficacy and safety of low dose topical Mitomycin C (MMC) in severe Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). DESIGN Placebo controlled double masked randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with severe VKC were randomly assigned to receive either topical MMC (0.01%) (n=17) or distilled water (n=11) three times daily for a period of two weeks. Signs and symptoms were recorded on day of presentation and at the end of treatment period (2 weeks). Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the signs and symptoms in the two groups. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of severity of symptoms at presentation. At two weeks patients in the MMC group showed significant decrease in tearing, foreign body sensation, discharge, hyperemia, punctate keratitis, limbal edema and trantas spots. No adverse effect of MMC was observed. CONCLUSION Short term low dose topical MMC is an effective and safe drug to control acute exacerbations in patients of severe VKC refractory to conventional treatment.
Endothelin‐1 and photoreleased diacylglycerol increase L‐type Ca2+ current by activation of protein kinase C in rat ventricular myocytes

1 The amphotericin B‐perforated whole‐cell patch clamp technique was used to determine the modulation of L‐type Ca2+ channels by protein kinase C (PKC)‐mediated pathways in adult rat ventricular myocytes. 2 Application of 10 nM endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) increased peak Ca2+ current (ICa) by 28.2 ± 2.5 % (n= 13) and slowed current decay. These effects were prevented by the endothelin receptor antagonist PD145065 (10 μM) and by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (8 μM). 3 To establish if direct activation of PKC mimicked the ET‐1 effect, the active and inactive phorbol esters (phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate and 4α‐phorbol‐12, 13‐didecanoate) were tested. Both phorbol esters (100 nM) resulted in a small (∼10 %) increase in ICa, suggesting PKC‐independent effects. 4 Bath application of dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), a diacylglycerol (DAG) analogue which is capable of directly activating PKC, caused a gradual decline in peak ICa (50.4 ± 6.2 %, n= 5) and increased the rate of current decay. These effects were unaffected by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (8 μM). 5 Intracellular photorelease of caged diC8 with 3 or 10 s exposure to UV light produced a concentration‐dependent increase in peak ICa (20.7 ± 8.5 % (n= 8) for 3 s UV and 60.8 ± 11.4 % (n= 13) for 10 s UV), which could be inhibited by chelerythrine. 6 Our results demonstrate that both ET‐1 and intracellularly photoreleased diC8 increase ICa by a PKC‐mediated pathway, which is in direct contrast to the PKC‐independent inhibition of ICa produced by bath‐applied diC8. We conclude that specific cellular pools of DAG are crucially important in the regulation of ICa by PKC.
Fracture of the Proximal Tibia With immediate Weightbearing after a Fulkerson Osteotomy

The records of 234 people who had anteromedializa tion of the tibial tubercle with oblique osteotomy be tween 1983 and 1994 at two separate institutions were reviewed retrospectively. Six patients (2.6%) had frac tures of the proximal tibia postoperatively, within 13 weeks of the Fulkerson osteotomy. All fractures oc curred after a change in the postoperative physical therapy regimen from partial weightbearing to immedi ate full weightbearing. All fractures healed with accept able alignment of less than 5° of varus-valgus or an teroposterior angulation. Given this increase in fracture incidence, a more conservative postoperative physical therapy regimen is recommended. All patients should be nonweightbearing initially, advanced gradually to partial weightbearing, and allowed full weightbearing only after the osteotomy has radiographic evidence of complete healing.
Plasticity for Affective Neurocircuitry

We (Fox et al., 2005) recently described a gene-by-environment interaction involving child temperament and maternal social support, finding heightened behavioral inhibition in children homozygous or heterozygous for the serotonin transporter (5HTTLPR) gene short allele whose mothers reported low social support. Here, we propose a model, Plasticity for Affective Neurocircuitry, that describes the manner in which genetic disposition and environmental circumstances may interact. Children with a persistently fearful temperament (and the 5HTTLPR short allele) are more likely to experience caregiving environments in which threat is highlighted. This in turn will exacerbate an attention bias that alters critical affective neurocircuitry to threat and enhances and maintains anxious behavior in the child.
The joint influence of personal achievement goals and classroom goal structures on achievement-relevant outcomes.

Researchers and theorists in the achievement motivation literature have long recognized the importance of attending to both person- and situation-based factors in predicting affect, cognition, and behavior in achievement settings (Lewin, Dembo, Festinger, & Sears, 1944; Murray, 1938). In the contemporary literature on achievement goals, this recognition has primarily been manifest in empirical work on the relations among achievement goals, classroom goal structures, and achievement-relevant outcomes. Achievement goals are conceptualized as the purpose or cognitive–dynamic focus of the individual’s competence-relevant engagement (Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Elliot, 1997; Maehr, 1984; Nicholls, 1989). Herein, we use the term personal achievement goals when referring to this individual-level construct. Classroom goal structures are conceptualized as competence-relevant environmental emphases made salient through general classroom practices and the specific messages that teachers communicate to their students (Ames, 1992; Covington & Omelich, 1984; Epstein, 1988; Maehr & Midgley, 1996). Both personal achievement goals and classroom goal structures are thought to exert an important influence on students’ achievement-relevant outcomes in the classroom, but the precise nature of this joint influence remains unclear. We attend to this surprisingly understudied issue in the present research.
The Cognitive Underpinnings of Addiction

A new conditional reasoning measure was developed to evaluate the role of implicit biases in perpetuating addictive behavior. Data (N = 669) were collected in 2005 from two samples in a suburban area: individuals with a known history of chemical dependency and individuals from the general population. Results indicated a strong correlation between overall test scores and group membership (rpb = .48), which increased when the groups’ demographic characteristics were equalized (rpb = .65). Overall, findings suggest that addiction-prone individuals rely on a distinct set of cognitive biases that rationalize self-destructive behavior. The study's limitations are noted and implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Searching for Roots of Entrainment and Joint Action in Early Musical Interactions

When people play music and dance together, they engage in forms of musical joint action that are often characterized by a shared sense of rhythmic timing and affective state (i.e., temporal and affective entrainment). In order to understand the origins of musical joint action, we propose a model in which entrainment is linked to dual mechanisms (motor resonance and action simulation), which in turn support musical behavior (imitation and complementary joint action). To illustrate this model, we consider two generic forms of joint musical behavior: chorusing and turn-taking. We explore how these common behaviors can be founded on entrainment capacities established early in human development, specifically during musical interactions between infants and their caregivers. If the roots of entrainment are found in early musical interactions which are practiced from childhood into adulthood, then we propose that the rehearsal of advanced musical ensemble skills can be considered to be a refined, mimetic form of temporal and affective entrainment whose evolution begins in infancy.
Motions and Relaxations of Confined Liquids

When a liquid is confined in a narrow gap (as near a cell membrane, in a lubricated contact between solids, or in a porous medium), new dynamic behavior emerges. The effective shear viscosity is enhanced compared to the bulk, relaxation times are prolonged, and nonlinear responses set in at lower shear rates. These effects are more prominent, the thinner the liquid film. They appear to be the manifestation of collective motions. The flow of liquids under extreme confinement cannot be understood simply by intuitive extrapolation of bulk properties. Practical consequences are possible in areas from tribology and materials processing to membrane physics.
Developmental Trends in the Process of Constructing Own- and Other-Race Facial Composites

ABSTRACT The current study examined developmental differences from the age of 5 to 18 in the creation process of own- and other-race facial composites. In addition, it considered how differences in the creation process affect similarity ratings. Participants created two composites (one own- and one other-race) from memory. The complexity of the composite creation process was recorded during Phase One. In Phase Two, a separate group of participants rated the composites for similarity to the corresponding target face. Results support the cross-race effect, developmental differences (based on composite creators) in similarity ratings, and the importance of the creation process for own- and other-race facial composites. Together, these findings suggest that as children get older the process through which they create facial composites becomes more complex and their ability to create facial composites improves. Increased complexity resulted in higher rated composites. Results are discussed from a psycho-legal perspective.
Inflammatory Cytokines Break Down Intrinsic Immunological Tolerance of Human Primary Keratinocytes to Cytosolic DNA

Keratinocytes are involved in protecting the body from infections and environmental challenges, but also in inflammatory conditions like psoriasis. DNA has emerged as a potent stimulator of innate immune responses, but there is largely no information of how keratinocytes respond to cytosolic DNA. In this study, we report that human keratinocytes are tolerant to cytoplasmic DNA. However, if treated with inflammatory cytokines, keratinocytes gained the capacity to respond to DNA through a mechanism antagonized by the antimicrobial peptide LL37, proposed to be involved in activation and regulation of skin inflammation. The DNA sensor IFN-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) colocalized with DNA and the signaling molecule stimulator of IFN genes (STING) in the cytoplasm only in cytokine-stimulated cells, correlating with recruitment of the essential kinase TANK-binding kinase 1. Moreover, IFI16 was essential for DNA-driven innate immune responses in keratinocytes. Finally, IFI16 was upregulated in psoriasis skin lesions and localized to the cytoplasm in a subpopulation of cells. Collectively, this work suggests that inflammatory environments in the skin can lead to breakdown of tolerance for DNA in keratinocytes, which could contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases.