Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of foliar water uptake in a desert tree

Foliar water uptake (FWU) plays a significant role in maintaining the stability of fragile ecosystems. However, to date, the molecular mechanism of FWU is not fully understood. Hereby, we thoroughly elucidated the relationship of sap flow velocity and the expression patterns of Aquaporin genes in a desert plant Tamarix ramosissima, and found that only PIP2-1 was up-regulated with increasing relative air humidity at night. This result suggested that the PIP2-1 gene could be in charge of regulating FWU. This is the first time a molecular mechanism for regulating FWU that would allow desert plants to adapt to extreme drought has been documented.
Characterization of the rumen lipidome and microbiome of steers fed a diet supplemented with flax and echium oil

Developing novel strategies for improving the fatty acid composition of ruminant products relies upon increasing our understanding of rumen bacterial lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether flax or echium oil supplementation of steer diets could alter the rumen fatty acids and change the microbiome. Six Hereford × Friesian steers were offered grass silage/sugar beet pulp only (GS), or GS supplemented either with flax oil (GSF) or echium oil (GSE) at 3% kg−1 silage dry matter in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design with 21‐day periods with rumen samples taken on day 21 for the analyses of the fatty acids and microbiome. Flax oil supplementation of steer diets increased the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a substantial degree of rumen biohydrogenation was seen. Likewise, echium oil supplementation of steer diets resulted in increased intake of 18:4n‐3, but this was substantially biohydrogenated within the rumen. Microbiome pyrosequences showed that 50% of the bacterial genera were core to all diets (found at least once under each dietary intervention), with 19.10%, 5.460% and 12.02% being unique to the rumen microbiota of steers fed GS, GSF and GSE respectively. Higher 16S rDNA sequence abundance of the genera Butyrivibrio, Howardella, Oribacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Roseburia was seen post flax feeding. Higher 16S rDNA abundance of the genus Succinovibrio and Roseburia was seen post echium feeding. The role of these bacteria in biohydrogenation now requires further study.
Low-temperature soot incineration of diesel particulate filter using remote nonthermal plasma induced by a pulsed barrier discharge

Regulations regarding automotive diesel engine emissions become more severe every year, and it is difficult to meet the requirements with only combustion improvement techniques. More effective post-processing technology is desired especially for particulate matter (PM), such as carbon soots. Although the use of a ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF) is now a leading technology for PM removal, the problem exists for the soot removal or regeneration at low temperature, especially at cold start and engine brake operation. In the present study, a regeneration of a DPF is investigated using indirect or remote nonthermal plasma (NTP) method. The NTP-treated air is injected into exhaust gas, and the NO is oxidized to NO/sub 2/. The induced NO/sub 2/ and activated oxygen species are used to incinerate carbon soot deposited on the DPF. It is confirmed experimentally that the pressure drop decreases when the plasma is turned on and the regeneration of the DPF is possible at the low temperature of 300/spl deg/C. The specific energy density is 22 Wh/m/sup 3/ (= 78 J/L). Although the condition of the NTP is not optimized in the present study, further improvement is required in the energy efficiency.
A new double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models. Part II: Single-column modeling of arctic clouds

Abstract The new double-moment microphysics scheme described in Part I of this paper is implemented into a single-column model to simulate clouds and radiation observed during the period 1 April–15 May 1998 of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment–Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE–ACE) field projects. Mean predicted cloud boundaries and total cloud fraction compare reasonably well with observations. Cloud phase partitioning, which is crucial in determining the surface radiative fluxes, is fairly similar to ground-based retrievals. However, the fraction of time that liquid is present in the column is somewhat underpredicted, leading to small biases in the downwelling shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes at the surface. Results using the new scheme are compared to parallel simulations using other microphysics parameterizations of varying complexity. The predicted liquid water path and cloud phase is significantly.
Laboro ergo sum (I work therefore I am): The effects of occupation characteristics on psychological characteristics and nonwork outcomes

This dissertation examines the transformative effects of occupations on individuals. I begin by examining a prominent theory in organizational behavior that focuses on the effects of occupations on individuals: the Job Characteristics Model (JCM). I build upon the main arguments in the JCM, and draw from the plasticity perspective of human design to propose an alternative model for how and why occupations affect individuals. The crux of my theory is that occupation characteristics engender the development of psychological characteristics that facilitate individuals’ performance of their occupation. I draw from the work-family research stream to then suggest that the transformed psychological characteristics carry over to influence individuals’ non-work behaviors and attitudes. Specific hypotheses are presented regarding the relationship between occupation characteristics, psychological characteristics, non-work outcomes, and the moderating roles of occupation tenure, occupation mobility, and social support. The hypotheses are tested in two studies using two nationally representative databases: the General Social Survey (GSS) and the Occupation Information Network (O*NET). Findings suggest that certain sets of psychological characteristics—particularly individuals’ values—are susceptible to shaping and molding by occupation characteristics. This shaping then has an effect on non-work outcomes, specifically those that are most directly related to the intermediary psychological characteristics. Broader implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Detecting Data Races in Parallel Program Executions

Several methods currently exist for detecting data races in an execution of a shared-memory parallel program. Although these methods address an important aspect of parallel program debugging, they do not precisely define the notion of a data race. As a result, is it not possible to precisely state which data races are detected, nor is the meaning of the reported data races always clear. Furthermore, these methods can sometimes generate false data race reports. They can determine whether a data race was exhibited during an execution, but when more than one data race is reported, only limited indication is given as to which ones are real. This paper addresses these two issues. We first present a model for reasoning about data races, and then present a two-phase approach to data race detection that attempts to validate the accuracy of each detected data race. Our model of data races distinguishes among those data races that actually occurred during an execution (actual data races), those that could have occurred because of timing variations (feasible data races), and those that appeared to have occurred (apparent data races). The first phase of our two-phase approach to data race detection is similar to previous methods and detects a set of data race candidates (the apparent data races). We prove that this set always contains all actual data races, although it may contain other data races, both feasible and infeasible. Unlike previous methods, we then employ a second phase which validates the apparent data races by attempting to determine which ones are feasible. This second phase requires no more information than previous methods collect, and involves making a conservative estimate of the data dependences among the shared data to determine how these dependences may have constrained alternate orderings potentially exhibited by the execution. Each apparent data race can then be characterized as either being feasible, or as belonging to a set of apparent data races where at least one is feasible.
Aversive Stimuli in Academic Interactions between Students with Serious Emotional Disturbance and their Teachers

This manuscript presents a review of the growing body of research concerning the influence of negative reinforcement on student and teacher behaviors. Negative reinforcement strengthens behaviors that result in escape from, or avoidance of, aversive stimuli. It is argued that negative reinforcement is a variable in the academic interactions of students with serious emotional disturbance and their teachers, Although both desired and undesired behaviors may be outcomes of negative reinforcement, because of the academic deficiencies of students with serious emotional disturbance and the instructional behaviors of their teachers, the escape and avoidance behaviors exhibited by these students more often may be undesired. The authors call for research to investigate sources of aversive stimuli within academic interactions between teachers and students with serious emotional disturbance as well as the potentially aversive stimuli present in academic activities. Implications for teaching practices also are presented.
Electromagnetic shielding for WLAN using modified-Hilbert fractals

A novel modified-design of Hilbert curve is presented, which has stable frequency response for both TE and TM polarizations. Furthermore, a frequency selective surface (FSS) based on this modified-Hilbert curve is proposed for shielding against dual-band WLAN. It has an insertion loss of more than 15 dB with the bandwidths of 220 MHz at 2.45 GHz and 160 MHz at 5.78 GHz. The proposed FSS provides an excellent stable performance for both TE and TM polarizations under the incident angles of 0° through 60°. In addition, the size of unit-cell is only 0. 082λ<sub>0</sub>×0. 082λ<sub>0</sub>, whereλ<sub>0</sub> represents the free-space wavelength.
Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Study of the D'Orbigny Angrite

Introduction: D'Orbigny, is a relatively a new an-grite find [1]. Angrites are achondrites that show unique mineralogy and typically ancient crystallization ages. D'Orbigny has been described extensively by [2]. We have initiated a study of D'Orbigny. A Pb-Pb model age of 4559 Ga has been reported [3]. The presence of 244 Pu fission Xe in D'Orbigny has also been reported [4]. We present Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr results and a 53 Mn-53 Cr study is in progress. We had expected to find a relatively well-behaved Sm-Nd system, and distinct evidence for the
Thinking, Fast and Slow

THINKING, PAST AND SLOW Daniel Kalineman, Farar, Starus and Grioux, New York, NY, 2011. Pp 499, Hb. , $30.00. ISBN 978-0-874-27563Kahneman's analysis of thinking is close to a metatheory of human nature. In highly readable prose he explains how numerous psychological experiments document the interplay of two ways human brains process and act upon the myriad of stimuli encountered in daily life. Many reviews have extolled the brilliance of the book and its Nobel-prize winning author. My skeptical bias against excessive public endorsements was on high alert until I began to read. My copy has so many notes that it was hard to condense them for this review. I must confess this was one of the best psychology books I have ever read. I hope to show why readers of JPC will benefit from Kahneman's insights.Daniel Kahneman is Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Princeton University and Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs Emeritus at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. His work with Amos Tversky on decision-making earned him the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. If Amos had not died in 1996, he would have shared the prize. I have included two primary references (Kahneman & Tversky, 1984; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) cited by the Nobel committee as examples of research articles you may wish to obtain.Return to the title for a moment. The four words aptly describe the way we think and the sequence matters. Fast thinking is the norm. We quickly orient to the sound of a loud bang. If it's July 4,h in the USA, we easily attribute the BOOM to a partying neighbor rather than some mischiefmaker. On a drive we speedily process a garish image and a few inviting words written large on a billboard. Almost imthout thinking, we detect a hurt facial response in a partner and quickly search available memory for an answer to the internal prompt, "What did I say? " The second concept in the title is slow thinking. Slow thinking is that arduous process most of humanity avoids most of each day. It is the thinking that requires cognitive effort to focus carefully on a set of stimuli whilst ignoring other internal and external distractions so we can search memory and employ other resources to solve a problem. Sometimes the problems are not incredibly difficult but the answers do not quickly arise in our consciousness like recalling our telephone number or slowing down and scanning more carefully when guiding our car into a narrow parking slot. The components of the thinking process appear to be organized into these two major systems, simply labeled System I and System II. System I is automatic and works well enough for most daily activities. As Kahneman points out, it's not practical to be vigilant all day. …
Spectral-360: A Physics-Based Technique for Change Detection

This paper presents and assesses a novel physics-based change detection technique, Spectral-360, which is based on the dichromatic color reflectance model. This approach, uses image formation models to computationally estimate, from the camera output, a consistent physics-based color descriptor of the spectral reflectance of surfaces visible in the image, and then to measure the similarity between the full-spectrum reflectance of the background and foreground pixels to segment the foreground from a static background. This method represents a new approach to change detection, using explicit hypotheses about the physics that create images. The assumptions which have been made are that diffuse-only-reflection is applicable, and the existence of a dominant illuminant. The objective evaluation performed using the 'changedetection.net 2014' dataset shows that our Spectral-360 method outperforms most state-of-the-art methods.
From simple associations to systematic reasoning: A connectionist representation of rules, variables and dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony

Abstract Human agents draw a variety of inferences effortlessly, spontaneously, and with remarkable efficiency – as though these inferences were a reflexive response of their cognitive apparatus. Furthermore, these inferences are drawn with reference to a large body of background knowledge. This remarkable human ability seems paradoxical given the complexity of reasoning reported by researchers in artificial intelligence. It also poses a challenge for cognitive science and computational neuroscience: How can a system of simple and slow neuronlike elements represent a large body of systemic knowledge and perform a range of inferences with such speed? We describe a computational model that takes a step toward addressing the cognitive science challenge and resolving the artificial intelligence paradox. We show how a connectionist network can encode millions of facts and rules involving n-ary predicates and variables and perform a class of inferences in a few hundred milliseconds. Efficient reasoning requires the rapid representation and propagation of dynamic bindings. Our model (which we refer to as SHRUTI) achieves this by representing (1) dynamic bindings as the synchronous firing of appropriate nodes, (2) rules as interconnection patterns that direct the propagation of rhythmic activity, and (3) long-term facts as temporal pattern-matching subnetworks. The model is consistent with recent neurophysiological evidence that synchronous activity occurs in the brain and may play a representational role in neural information processing. The model also makes specific psychologically significant predictions about the nature of reflexive reasoning. It identifies constraints on the form of rules that may participate in such reasoning and relates the capacity of the working memory underlying reflexive reasoning to biological parameters such as the lowest frequency at which nodes can sustain synchronous oscillations and the coarseness of synchronization.
Verbal and academic skills in children with early‐onset type 1 diabetes

Aim Basic verbal and academic skills can be adversely affected by early‐onset diabetes, although these skills have been studied less than other cognitive functions. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of learning deficits in children with diabetes by assessing basic verbal and academic skills in children with early‐onset diabetes and in comparison children. In addition, the incidence of dyslexia (≤10th centile in reading speed or reading–spelling accuracy) was studied.
Hypotensive and Natriuretic Actions of Adrenomedullin in Subjects With Chronic Renal Impairment

Abstract—Plasma levels of adrenomedullin are increased in chronic renal failure. The significance of this finding is uncertain, because the biological effects of adrenomedullin in renal impairment are unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of adrenomedullin infusion in subjects with chronic renal impairment. Eight males with IgA nephropathy and plasma creatinine of 0.19±0.03 mmol/L (mean±SEM) were studied in a vehicle-controlled crossover design. Each subject was studied twice; subjects were administered either adrenomedullin at a low dose and then a high dose (2.9 and 5.8 pmol/kg per minute, respectively, for 2 hours each) or a 4-hour vehicle control (Hemaccel), in random order, on day 4 of controlled metabolic diets. Adrenomedullin infusion achieved plasma adrenomedullin concentrations in the pathophysiological range after the low (31.2±5.1 pmol/L) and high (47.4±4.3 pmol/L) dose, and plasma cAMP was increased. Compared with vehicle control, high-dose adrenomedullin increased peak heart rate (+21.7±3.3 bpm, P <0.01) and cardiac output (+2.9±0.2 L/min, P <0.01) and lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressures by >10 mm Hg (P <0.05). Plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine increased by up to 50% above baseline levels (P <0.05 for all), whereas aldosterone and epinephrine were unchanged. Urinary volume and sodium excretion increased significantly (P <0.05) with low-dose adrenomedullin, whereas creatinine clearance was stable, and proteinuria tended to decrease. In subjects with chronic renal impairment due to IgA nephropathy, adrenomedullin infusion lowered blood pressure, stimulated sympathetic activity and renin release, and caused diuresis and natriuresis. Adrenomedullin may have a role in modulating blood pressure and kidney function in renal disease.
Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: focus on pregabalin

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a devastating, chronic pain syndrome that can develop following an outbreak of herpes zoster and becomes increasingly common as patients age. PHN can be difficult to treat and often requires trials of multiple agents to achieve significant pain relief. Pregabalin is the newest agent to gain approval for PHN. Data suggest efficacy for relief of pain and sleep disturbance secondary to PHN in affected patients. Although there are no head-to-head comparisons, pregabalin appears comparable to gabapentin and other first-line agents for treating PHN.
Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) and anthropic environment. 12-host-seeking behaviour of Anopheles albitarsis s.l. in south-eastern Brazil.

Results obtained with Anopheles albitarsis s.l. catches mainly performed through human bait at the Ribeira Valley region, SP (Brazil), are reported. Two species of the complex were recognized, namely An. albitarsis s.s. and species B. This latter predominated both in the rice fields and in the dwelling environments. The crepuscular rhythms showed an unimodal sunset pattern with most blood-seeking females caught during dusk. The absence of differences between indoor and outdoor behavior was confirmed for both species of the complex.
Goal Selection Internally and Externally: A Behavioral Theory of Institutionalization

This paper examines a paradox in the behavioral theory of the firm, and highlights how a complementary paradox from institutional theory suggests a theoretical integration with potential for significant progress. Current behavioral theory of the firm research has a strong record of showing a broad range of organizational changes in response to profitability. This is far from the original conception of internal organizational goals that trigger search in the vicinity of the problem. Profitability is a non&#8208;specific goal that results from a multitude of factors, and is in part an externally imposed goal. Its central role in many organizational changes prompts the question of whether other external goals affect the organization as well. In contrast, institutional theory is focused on externally imposed practices, but usually examines specific actions rather than goals, leading to a theory of action without goals. These paradoxes and corresponding gaps in knowledge suggest a need for a behavioral theory of organizational responses to external goals.
A new reconstruction of the Dst index for 1932-2002

We have reconstructed a new, homogeneous geo- magnetic Dst index for 1932-2002, thus extending the orig- inal Dst index by 25 years, i.e. by more than one full so- lar magnetic cycle. The extension was done by using data from the original set of four low-latitude stations for 1941- 1956, and by using the nearby CTO station as a predecessor of the HER station for 1932-1940. Despite some open ques- tions related to the composition of the original Dst index, the reconstructed index is quite similar to the original one dur- ing the overlapping time interval (1957-2002). However, the reconstructed Dst index corrects for some known errors in the original Dst index, such as the erroneously large daily UT variation in 1971. Also, despite the overall agreement, the reconstructed index deviates from the original index even on the level of annual averages for several years. For in- stance, all annual averages of the reconstructed index are negative, and for 1962-1966 they are systematically lower (more stormy) than those of the original index. Accordingly, we disagree with the uniquely positive annual average of the original index in 1965, which most likely is erroneous. We also find somewhat higher (less stormy) values than in the original Dst index for the three lowest annual averages in 1960, 1989 and 1991, out of which the lowest annual aver- age is found in 1989 rather than in 1991. The annual averages of the geomagnetic Ap index and the reconstructed Dst in- dex correlate very well over this time interval, except in the beginning of the series in 1932-1940 and in the declining phase of solar cycles 18, 20 and 21, where high speed solar wind streams cause enhanced geomagnetic activity. Using the superposed epoch method we also find that, on average, the storms in the early extended period (1932-1956) are less intense but tend to have a longer recovery phase, suggest- ing that there are more HILDCAA-type medium activity in- tervals during the early period than more recently. We also study the annually averaged storm structure over the 71-year time interval and find that the most stormy years occur dur- ing the declining phase of solar cycles 17 and 21 and around the solar maxima of cycles 19 and 22.