Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suitability of 7 Aortic Stent-Graft Models for MRI-Based Surveillance

Purpose: To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of commercially available stent-grafts used for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Methods: Seven endovascular grafts (AneuRx, Lifepath, Talent, Excluder, Zenith, Quantum LP, and Ancure) were suspended in a water bath containing gadolinium and scanned using a 1.5-T clinical MRI scanner. Two different scan techniques (T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo and spin echo) based upon a clinical MRI endograft surveillance protocol were used for each stent-graft. The scans were evaluated for susceptibility artifacts and radiofrequency (RF) shielding and caging artifacts. Results: For most endografts, the lumen and structures surrounding the endograft were well visualized. However, the ferromagnetic properties of the Zenith and Lifepath devices resulted in large susceptibly artifacts that obliterated the endograft lumen as well as adjacent structures. All fully supported grafts showed some amount of signal loss from the graft lumen caused by RF caging. For the Ancure graft, evaluation around the attachment sites might be problematic. Conclusions: An MRI-based surveillance protocol appears to be a viable option for the AneuRx, Talent, Excluder, and Quantum LP stent-grafts.
Disconnection of network hubs and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects brain connectivity, which disrupts the large-scale networks that support cognitive function. Fagerholm et al. use graph analysis, with brain regions as nodes and white matter tracts as connections, to show that TBI particularly disrupts the connectivity of hubs, and that this disconnection predicts cognitive impairment.
Neural Correlates of True Memory, False Memory, and Deception

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether neural activity can differentiate between true memory, false memory, and deception. Subjects heard a series of semantically related words and were later asked to make a recognition judgment of old words, semantically related nonstudied words (lures for false recognition), and unrelated new words. They were also asked to make a deceptive response to half of the old and unrelated new words. There were 3 main findings. First, consistent with the notion that executive function supports deception, 2 types of deception (pretending to know and pretending not to know) recruited prefrontal activity. Second, consistent with the sensory reactivation hypothesis, the difference between true recognition and false recognition was found in the left temporoparietal regions probably engaged in the encoding of auditorily presented words. Third, the left prefrontal cortex was activated during pretending to know relative to correct rejection and false recognition, whereas the right anterior hippocampus was activated during false recognition relative to correct rejection and pretending to know. These findings indicate that fMRI can detect the difference in brain activity between deception and false memory despite the fact that subjects respond with “I know” to novel events in both processes.
Switching modes in corticogenesis: mechanisms of neuronal subtype transitions and integration in the cerebral cortex

Information processing in the cerebral cortex requires the activation of diverse neurons across layers and columns, which are established through the coordinated production of distinct neuronal subtypes and their placement along the three-dimensional axis. Over recent years, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the specification and integration of neuronal subtypes in the cerebral cortex has progressed rapidly. In this review, we address how the unique cytoarchitecture of the neocortex is established from a limited number of progenitors featuring neuronal identity transitions during development. We further illuminate the molecular mechanisms of the subtype-specific integration of these neurons into the cerebral cortex along the radial and tangential axis, and we discuss these key features to exemplify how neocortical circuit formation accomplishes economical connectivity while maintaining plasticity and evolvability to adapt to environmental changes.
Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review of Mechanical Properties

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and directed energy deposition (e.g., LENS, EBF3). Although only a limited number of metallic alloy systems are currently available for additive manufacturing (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V, TiAl, stainless steel, Inconel 625/718, and Al-Si-10Mg), the bulk of the published mechanical properties information has been generated on Ti-6Al-4V. However, summary tables for published mechanical properties and/or key figures are included for each of the alloys listed above, grouped by the additive technique used to generate the data. Published values for mechanical properties obtained from hardness, tension/compression, fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth, and high cycle fatigue are included for as-built, heat-treated, and/or HIP conditions, when available. The effects of test.
The Accordion Phenomenon: Analysis, Characterization, and Impact on DTN Routing

We analyze the dynamics of a mobility dataset collected in a pipelined disruption-tolerant network (DTN), a particular class of intermittently-connected wireless networks characterized by a one-dimensional topology. First, we collected and investigated traces of contact times among a thousand participants of a rollerblading tour in Paris. The dataset shows extreme dynamics in the mobility pattern of a large number of nodes. Most strikingly, fluctuations in the motion of the rollerbladers cause a typical accordion phenomenon - the topology expands and shrinks with time, thus influencing connection times and opportunities between participants. Second, we show through an analytical model that the accordion phenomenon, through the variation of the average node degree, has a major impact on the performance of epidemic dissemination. Finally, we test epidemic dissemination and other existing forwarding schemes on our traces, and argue that routing should adapt to the varying, though predictable, nature of the network. To this end, we propose DA-SW (density-aware spray-and-wait), a measurement-oriented variant of the spray-and-wait algorithm that tunes, in a dynamic fashion, the number of a message copies disseminated in the network. We show that DA-SW leads to performance results that are close to the best case (obtained with an oracle).
The Acute Cerebrovascular Effects of Intracarotid Adenosine in Nonhuman Primates

In this study we sought to determine the acute cerebrovascular effects of intracarotid adenosine by using real-time cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements in nonhuman primates. The internal carotid arteries of healthy anesthetized baboons were transfemorally cannulated. Changes in CBF were continuously measured at baseline and with 6 increasing doses of adenosine (0.002 to 1.5 mg/min) by use of an intraparenchymal thermal diffusion (TD) probe. Each infusion lasted 5 min. At baseline and at the largest dose of adenosine, CBF was also determined by the intraarterial 133Xe technique. TD measurements revealed a dose-dependent increase in CBF from 32 ± 6 mL · l00 g−1 · min−1 at baseline to 90 ± 38 mL · l00 g−1 · min−1 with the largest dose of adenosine (n = 5; P < 0.0001). A similar magnitude of increase in CBF was also observed with 133Xe CBF measurements. No significant increases in intracranial pressure or adverse systemic hemodynamic side effects were observed during adenosine infusion. The increase in CBF after adenosine lasted only for the duration of drug infusion. In conclusion, the transient cerebrovascular effects of intracarotid adenosine make it suitable for a trial of intraarterial vasodilator therapy and for controlled manipulation of cerebrovascular resistance.
Hydrocortisone dosing during puberty in patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: an evidence-based recommendation.

CONTEXT Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at risk for early pubertal development and diminished pubertal growth. Liberal treatment with glucocorticoids will prevent early puberty but may inhibit growth outright. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine an optimal range for hydrocortisone dosing during puberty in children with classical CAH who were exclusively treated with hydrocortisone. METHODS The effects of glucocorticoid treatment for classical CAH were retrospectively analyzed in 92 patients (57 females). Growth pattern, final height (FH), and mean daily hydrocortisone dose were recorded. RESULTS Pubertal growth was significantly reduced in all patients: salt-wasting (SW) females, 13.8 +/- 7.4 cm; simple virilizing (SV) females, 13.1 +/- 6.2 cm; vs. reference, 20.3 +/- 6.8 cm (P < 0.05); and SW males, 17.7 +/- 6.7 cm; SV males, 16.2 +/- 5.7 cm; vs. reference, 28.2 +/- 8.2 cm (P < 0.05). Decreased pubertal growth resulted in FH at the lower limit of genetic potential (corrected FH in SW females, -0.6 +/- 0.9; SV females, -0.3 +/- 0.9; SW males, -0.8 +/- 0.8; and SV males, -1.0 +/- 1.0). During puberty, mean daily hydrocortisone dose was 17.2 +/- 3.4 mg/m(2) in females (SW, 17.0 +/- 3.3; SV, 17.4 +/- 3.5) and 17.9 +/- 2.5 mg/m(2) in males (SW, 17.4 +/- 2.0; SV, 18.7 +/- 3.1). In a logistic regression model, a significant correlation between hydrocortisone dose and FH was found (P < 0.01), and the positive predictive value for short stature rose from below 30% to above 60% when hydrocortisone dose exceeded 17 mg/m(2). CONCLUSION With conventional hydrocortisone treatment, pubertal growth is significantly reduced in both sexes, resulting in a FH at the lower limit of genetic potential. These deleterious effects on pubertal growth can be reduced if hydrocortisone does not exceed 17 mg/m(2).
Urogenital/pelvic pain in men

Purpose of reviewThe review is based on a Medline literature search using key words relating to male urogenital/pelvic pain for the years 2009–2011. Recent findingsThe review covers those studies relating to cause, ongoing mechanisms and treatments. SummaryThe review highlights that the patients are often polysymptomatic with multimodal/system issues that require a team approach that involves multiple specialties and multiple disciplines.
The Relationship between Depression Interpersonal Communication and Media Using Among International Students

Student’s movements have been going increasing in last decades. International students can have different psychological and sociological problems in their adaptation process. Depression is one of the most important problems in this procedure. This research purposed to reveal level of foreign students’ depression, kinds of interpersonal communication networks (host/ethnic interpersonal communication) and media usage (host/ethnic media usage). Additionally study aimed to display the relationship between depression and communication (host/ethnic interpersonal communication and host/ethnic media usage) among foreign university students. A field research was performed among 283 foreign university students who have been attending 8 different universities in Turkey. A purposeful sampling technique was used in this research cause of data collect facilities. Results indicated that 58.3% of foreign students’ depression stage was “intermediate” while 33.2% of foreign students’ depression level was “low”. Add to this, host interpersonal communication behaviors and Turkish web sites usages were negatively and significantly correlated with depression. Keywords—International students, depression, interpersonal communication behaviors, media using.
Exploring Cross-Application Cellular Traffic Optimization with Baidu TrafficGuard

As mobile cellular devices and traffic continue their rapid growth, providers are taking larger steps to optimize traffic, with the hopes of improving user experiences while reducing congestion and bandwidth costs. This paper presents the design, deployment, and experiences with Baidu TrafficGuard, a cloud-based mobile proxy that reduces cellular traffic using a network-layer VPN. The VPN connects a client-side proxy to a centralized traffic processing cloud. TrafficGuard works transparently across heterogeneous applications, and effectively reduces cellular traffic by 36% and overage instances by 10.7 times for roughly 10 million Android users in China. We discuss a large-scale cellular traffic analysis effort, how the resulting insights guided the design of TrafficGuard, and our experiences with a variety of traffic optimization techniques over one year of deployment.
Comparison of Three Bovine Group A Rotaviruses Possessing Supershort Genome Electropherotypes

Skin lesions of the pigs described in this report were indistinguishable grossly from those of exudative epidermitis. The lesions in pigs 2 and 3 were shown to contain porcine parvovirus and large coccoid bacteria, identified as Staphylococcus sp. These findings support the speculation of earlier investigators that vesicular-like disease associated with PPV and exudative epidermitis of pigs may be the result of dual viral and bacterial infections. 1,4,5 The precise role of PPV in the development of these skin lesions remains to be determined. It is likely that PPV invades damaged skin subsequent to bacterial infection. Replication of PPV is dependent on DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells. 9 Therefore, regenerating skin could potentially provide an ideal environment for PPV replication. The findings in the pigs of this report, as well as those of earlier reports, indicate that PPV may be an important etiologic agent in vesicular and exudative skin diseases of swine and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these swine skin diseases. Acknowledgement. We thank Ms. Carolyn Alderson for preparation of electron micrographs. Sources and manufacturers
Ultrasonic call characteristics of rat pups are altered following prenatal malnutrition.

The male offspring of rats provided with a protein deficient diet (6% casein) for 5 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy were subjected to a brief period of isolation and cooling at postnatal Days (P)7, 9, and 11, and their ultrasonic vocalizations were compared with those of well-nourished pups. Calls were categorized into 12 different types based upon their sonographic patterns. Although call rates were equal, the call characteristics of the prenatally malnourished pups differed significantly from those of well-nourished controls. At P7, their mean peak sound frequency (irrespective of call type) was significantly higher, and constant frequency calls were of both higher frequency and longer duration. Over the age range studied, prenatally malnourished pups emitted a smaller variety of calls, with significantly fewer ascending frequency vocalizations while producing either significantly fewer (P9) or greater (P11) descending frequency calls. Altered crying patterns have been related to brain damage in human babies, with more abnormal cries being associated with more severe neurological impairment. Therefore, the present results most likely reflect altered central nervous system development and function. Ultrasonic vocalization characteristics in rat pups may provide a useful early marker of the severity of disturbance to the development of the central nervous system following an insult, and offer the potential for predicting the degree of functional and behavioral deficits later in life.
A globally optimal algorithm for TTD-MDPs

In this paper, we discuss the use of Targeted Trajectory Distribution Markov Decision Processes (TTD-MDPs)---a variant of MDPs in which the goal is to realize a specified distribution of trajectories through a state space---as a general agent-coordination framework. We present several advances to previous work on TTD-MDPs. We improve on the existing algorithm for solving TTD-MDPs by deriving a greedy algorithm that finds a policy that provably minimizes the global KL-divergence from the target distribution. We test the new algorithm by applying TTD-MDPs to drama management, where a system must coordinate the behavior of many agents to ensure that a game follows a coherent storyline, is in keeping with the author's desires, and offers a high degree of replayability. Although we show that suboptimal greedy strategies will fail in some cases, we validate previous work that suggests that they can work well in practice. We also show that our new algorithm provides guaranteed accuracy even in those cases, with little additional computational cost. Further, we illustrate how this new approach can be applied online, eliminating the memory-intensive offline sampling necessary in the previous approach.
Effects of Search Experience and Subject Knowledge on the Search Tactics of Novice and Experienced Searchers

This study investigated the effects of subject knowledge and search experience on novices' and experienced searchers' use of search tactics in online searches. Novice and experienced searchers searched a practice question and two test questions in the ERIC database on the DIALOG system and their use of search tactics were recorded by protocols, transaction logs, and observation. Search tactics were identified from the literature and verified in 10 pretests, and nine search tactics variables were operationalized to describe the differences between the two searcher groups. Data analyses showed that subject knowledge interacted with search experience, and both variables affected searchers' behavior in four ways: (1) when questions in their subject areas were searched, experience affected searchers' use of synonymous terms, monitoring of the search process, and combinations of search terms; (2) when questions outside their subject areas were searched, experience affected searchers' reliance on their own terminology, use of the thesaurus, offline term selection, use of synonymous terms, and combinations of search terms; (3) within the same experience group, subject knowledge had no effect on novice searchers; but (4) subject knowledge affected experienced searcher's reliance on their own language, use of the thesaurus, offline term selection, use of synonymous terms, monitoring of the search, and combinations of search terms. The results showed that search experience affected searchers' use of many search tactics, and suggested that subject knowledge became a factor only after searchers have had a certain amount of search experience. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictive path-following control: Concept and implementation for an industrial robot

Many robotic applications, such as milling, glueing, or high precision measurements require the exact following of a pre-defined geometric path. We outline nonlinear model predictive control approaches to path-following problems. We show the real-time feasibility of predictive path following applied to an industrial robot. Specifically, we consider constrained output path following with and without pre-specified reference speeds. The proposed predictive path-following approach is experimentally validated considering a KUKA lightweight robot IV.
Comparison of at-home and in-office tooth whitening using a novel shade guide.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the time necessary for at-home whitening (HW) to match the results of an in-office (OW) treatment, side effects and patients' preferences/perceptions. METHODS The tooth color change of 20 subjects was measured using a shade guide (BSG) and spectrophotometer (ES). Color difference was calculated: delta E* = [(delta L*)2 + (delta a*ab)2 + (delta b*ab)2]1/2. The whitening treatments were randomly applied to the right or left maxillary anterior teeth, in-office, with 25% hydrogen peroxide or at-home, overnight, with 10% carbamide peroxide. The tooth color was evaluated at baseline, one day after OW, six days (five days after HW) and at 20 days (14 days after HW and 19 days OW). Subjects rated their tooth and soft tissue sensitivity (1-10 scale). The results were analyzed by two-way RM ANOVA/Tukey's and Mann-Whitney (p<0.05). RESULTS At six days, the teeth that were treated with HW and OW presented delta E* = 5.2 and 6.6, respectively, delta BSG = 3, and at 20 days, they presented delta E* = 6.2 and 6.6, respectively, delta BSG = 3. Less than 40% of the subjects experienced tooth sensitivity after OW and HW. No subjects experienced tooth and gingival sensitivity at 20 days. Seventy-four percent preferred HW over OW, 63% recommended OW and 100% recommended HW. CONCLUSION While there was a subtle difference in delta E* between HW and OW at six days, the measurement of delta E* and delta BSG agreed that five days of home whitening produced the same results as a single in-office treatment. The tissue and teeth sensitivity were mild and transient. Subjects preferred and would recommend HW over OW.
Epidural analgesia in high risk cardiac surgical patients

Cardiac surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with renal, hepatic or pulmonary dysfunction, advanced age and morbid obesity. Thoracic epidural analgesia is associated with decreased morbidity in these patients. Thoracic epidural analgesia in cardiac surgery is associated with haemodynamic stability, decreased catecholamine response, good pulmonary function, early extubation and discharge from intensive care unit. It is an important component of fast tracking in cardiac surgery as well. Its use has significantly increased over the years and has been used as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia as well as the sole anaesthetic technique in selected groups of patients. Proper selection of patients for thoracic epidural analgesia is mandatory. Timing of epidural catheter insertion and removal should be judiciously selected. The risk of epidural hematoma secondary to anticoagulation or residual effects of antiplatelet drug that can be reduced by taking standard precautions. In conclusion thoracic epidural analgesia in high risk cardiac surgery might decrease pulmonary, cardiovascular or renal complications, provide excellent analgesia and allow early extubation.
Sub-optimality of Han-Kobayashi achievable region for interference channels

Han-Kobayashi achievable region forms the best known inner bound for a general discrete memoryless interference channel. We show that the capacity region can be strictly larger than the Han-Kobayashi region for some channel realizations, and hence the strict sub-optimality of Han-Kobayashi achievable region.