Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Quantification of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Noncontrast CT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantification of blood after SAH on initial NCCT is an important radiologic measure to predict patient outcome and guide treatment decisions. In current scales, hemorrhage volume and density are not accounted for. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a fully automatic method for SAH volume and density quantification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The automatic method is based on a relative density increase due to the presence of blood from different brain structures in NCCT. The method incorporates density variation due to partial volume effect, beam-hardening, and patient-specific characteristics. For validation, automatic volume and density measurements were compared with manual delineation on NCCT images of 30 patients by 2 radiologists. The agreement with the manual reference was compared with interobserver agreement by using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis for volume and density. RESULTS: The automatic measurement successfully segmented the hemorrhage of all 30 patients and showed high correlation with the manual reference standard for hemorrhage volume (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96–0.99]) and hemorrhage density (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.62–0.90]) compared with intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97 (95% CI, 0.77–0.99) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.89–0.99) for manual interobserver agreement. Mean SAH volume and density were, respectively, 39.3 ± 31.5 mL and 62.2 ± 5.9 Hounsfield units for automatic measurement versus 39.7 ± 32.8 mL and 61.4 ± 7.3 Hounsfield units for manual measurement. The accuracy of the automatic method was excellent, with limits of agreement of −12.9–12.1 mL and −7.6–9.2 Hounsfield units. CONCLUSIONS: The automatic volume and density quantification is very accurate compared with manual assessment. As such, it has the potential to provide important determinants in clinical practice and research.
Cell Replacement Strategies Aimed at Reconstitution of the β-Cell Compartment in Type 1 Diabetes

Emerging technologies in regenerative medicine have the potential to restore the β-cell compartment in diabetic patients, thereby overcoming the inadequacies of current treatment strategies and organ supply. Novel approaches include: 1) Encapsulation technology that protects islet transplants from host immune surveillance; 2) stem cell therapies and cellular reprogramming, which seek to regenerate the depleted β-cell compartment; and 3) whole-organ bioengineering, which capitalizes on the innate properties of the pancreas extracellular matrix to drive cellular repopulation. Collaborative efforts across these subfields of regenerative medicine seek to ultimately produce a bioengineered pancreas capable of restoring endocrine function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Iso-X: A Flexible Architecture for Hardware-Managed Isolated Execution

We consider the problem of how to provide an execution environment where the application's secrets are safe even in the presence of malicious system software layers. We propose Iso-X -- a flexible, fine-grained hardware-supported framework that provides isolation for security-critical pieces of an application such that they can execute securely even in the presence of untrusted system software. Isolation in Iso-X is achieved by creating and dynamically managing compartments to host critical fragments of code and associated data. Iso-X provides fine-grained isolation at the memory-page level, flexible allocation of memory, and a low-complexity, hardware-only trusted computing base. Iso-X requires minimal additional hardware, a small number of new ISA instructions to manage compartments, and minimal changes to the operating system which need not be in the trusted computing base. The run-time performance overhead of Iso-X is negligible and even the overhead of creating and destroying compartments is modest. Iso-X offers higher memory flexibility than the recently proposed SGX design from Intel, allowing both fluid partitioning of the vailable memory space and dynamic growth of compartments. An FPGA implementation of Iso-X runtime mechanisms shows a negligible impact on the processor cycle time.
Managing Slow‐Moving Perishables in the Grocery Industry

We address the value of information and value of centralized control in the context of a two‐echelon, serial supply chain with one retailer and one supplier that provide a single perishable product to consumers. Our analysis is relevant for managing slow‐moving perishable products with fixed lot sizes and expiration dates of a week or less. We evaluate two supply chain structures. In the first structure, referred to as decentralized information sharing, the retailer shares its demand, inventory, and ordering policy with the supplier, yet both facilities make their own profit‐maximizing replenishment decisions. In the second structure, centralized control, incentives are aligned and the replenishment decisions are coordinated. The latter supply chain structure corresponds to the industry practices of company‐owned stores or vendor‐managed inventory. We measure the value of information and value of centralized control as the marginal improvement in expected profits that a supply chain achieves relative to the case when no information is shared and decision making is decentralized. Key assumptions of our model include stochastic demand, lost sales, and fixed order quantities. We establish the importance of information sharing and centralized control in the supply chain and identify conditions under which benefits are realized. As opposed to previous work on the value of information, the major benefit in our setting is driven by the supplier's ability to provide the retailer with fresher product. By isolating the benefit by firm, we show that sharing information is not always Pareto‐improving for both supply chain partners in the decentralized setting.
Statin therapy after acute ischemic stroke in the heart protection study: is the role in recurrent stroke prevention now defined?

The Heart Protection Study (HPS) recently reported that for individuals at high risk for experiencing vascular occlusive events, simvastatin taken 40 mg/d reduces the relative risk of ischemic stroke by 28% ( P <0.001) without consequent increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.1 The results of this study are important and should impact practice because HPS is a well-designed, large, prospective, randomized clinical trial with prespecified and adjudicated endpoints. HPS enrolled men and women between the ages of 40 and 80 years with high risk of coronary heart disease, treated hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or occlusive noncoronary artery disease to receive either simvastatin 40 mg per day or placebo. Inclusion criteria required a total cholesterol concentration of at least 135 mg/dL (3.5 mL/L). 2 Subjects with a history of nondisabling stroke or transient ischemic attack or carotid endarterectomy were also eligible for enrollment. However, excluded were stroke, myocardial infarction, or hospital admission for angina within 6 months of randomization, as well as hepatic disease, severe renal disease, inflammatory muscle diseases, and a variety of other life-threatening conditions or contraindications for the use of statins. The design was a 2×2 factorial using simvastatin 40 mg daily with a matched placebo or antioxidant vitamins with matching placebo capsules. For statin therapy, the study was powered to detect a reduction of 25% in 5-year coronary heart disease mortality, along with …
Parameter-free discovery and recommendation of areas-of-interest

The task of discovering places of interest is a key step for many location-based recommendation tasks. In this paper we propose a fully unsupervised and parameter-free approach to deal with this problem based on the collection of geotagged photos. While previous papers are mostly devoted to discovering points (POI), we focus on areas of interest (AOI). Recommendation of better matches the traditional tourist goals and allows to robustly incorporate the interests of many users resulting in less subjective recommendations. The typical question that can be answered with the algorithm is formulated as "Where can one spend T minutes/hours walking around to observe as many attractive places as possible? " The proposed method starts with estimating multiple density hypotheses and then partitions these densities with the watershed segmentation algorithm into regions. The implicit parameters are tuned automatically to fit tourist goals and constraints resulting in a parameter-free algorithm. In spite of the parameter optimization overhead, the method is computationally efficient as it employs fast Fourier transforms for convolutions. We test our approach on 7 different cities and quantitatively show that the proposed method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art DBSCAN algorithm and its modern modification P-DBSCAN, providing up to several times better recommendations in terms of time required for city exploration.
Multi-level Relational Reasoning and Attention Network for Medical Visual Question Answering

Medical Visual Question Answering (Med-VQA) aims to address clinical questions using medical radiological images. However, existing studies have mainly focused on in-putting visual and textual features into attention-based network structures (such as Transformer), neglecting the more advanced relational features present in radiological images. Therefore, we propose a Med- Vqamodel based on attention and visual relational reasoning. Firstly, we introduce a Bidirectional-guided Attention Module, enabling the model not only to use questions to guide attention to important regions in the image, but also to utilize the image to guide attention to key vocabulary in the question. Secondly, we design a Multi-level Visual Relational Module that models both global and local visual features. We employ a graph convolutional neural network to extract latent visual relational features, enriching the semantic information con-tained in visual features. Experimental results on the VQA-RAD dataset and SLAKE dataset show that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art Med- Vqamodels with an overall accuracy of 77.2 % and 80.3 %, respectively, while guaranteeing the model performance.
Neuronal expression of glypican, a cell-surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in the adult rat nervous system

Cell-surface proteoglycans have been implicated in cell responses to growth factors, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion molecules. M12, one of the most abundant membrane-associated proteoglycans in the adult rat brain, is a approximately 65 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol- linked protein that bears heparan sulfate chains (Herndon and Lander, 1990). To assess its identity, M12 was purified and internal peptide sequences obtained. Comparison of the results with protein sequence predicted by a cDNA cloned from PC12 cells indicated that M12 is rat glypican, a proteoglycan first cloned from human fibroblasts. In addition, antibodies raised against a rat glypican fusion protein specifically detected the 65 kDa brain proteoglycan core protein, both by immunoprecipitation and by Western blotting. Northern blot analysis using a rat glypican probe also detected glypican message in the adult, as well as the developing rat brain. In situ hybridization with glypican RNA probes showed that glypican is expressed in a subset of structures in the adult rat nervous system. These include the hippocampus, dorsal thalamus, amygdala, cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, several cranial nerve nuclei, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and the dorsal root ganglia. Several other brain regions exhibited little or no hybridization over background. In most cases where glypican hybridization was observed, the signal could be localized specifically to the cell bodies of identifiable neurons, for example, spinal motoneurons, hippocampal pyramidal cells. In the cerebral cortex, glypican hybridization was found in layers 2/3, 5, and 6, but was missing from 1 and 4. The data suggest that glypican is expressed primarily by subpopulations of projection neurons in the adult rat nervous system.
FUNDING AND OVERFUNDING PHENOMENA IN CROWDFUNDING: RELEVANCE OF PLATFORM CHOICE AND VARYING INDUSTRY DYNAMICS

This study provides new evidence on factors relevant for the success of crowdfunding campaigns run in Europe between 2015 and 2017 on the most popular crowdfunding platforms in Germany/Austria – Kickstarter.com and Startnext.com. In particular, for this study, a sample of 10,514 campaigns from Germany and Austria for the first time serves as a basis for identifying the determinants of the level of projects’ (over-)funding. For crowdfunding projects, an increase in a project’s funding goal results in higher funding on both platforms, but this does not guarantee success, i.e. reaching the relevant funding goal. Projects with a higher success probability show lower funding goals, especially if launched on Startnext.com. In contrast, a longer duration negligibly increases the amount raised on Startnext and slightly decreases on Kickstarter. On Startnext, projects from the Art cluster have a higher chance to succeed, while these from the Technology cluster show smaller success probabilities as they regularly get less funding. On Kickstarter, projects from the Art, Technology, or Lifestyle field reach higher financing as compared to the Sustainability area. We show that the uncertainty about market size and project/founder quality leads to diverging over- and underfunding levels across platforms and industry clusters, which is of core importance to interested stakeholder groups. Key words: crowdfunding, crowd, reward, Kickstarter, Startnext
Distribution pattern of Algal species in Shahpura Lake, Bhopal, with respect to physicochemical parameters.

Shahpura Lake is situated in the posh area of Bhopal city. It is a man –made perennial lake, constructed during 1974-75.Lake water is extensively used for recreational and fishing activity. Lake is surrounded by human habitation and receives untreated domestic sewage from various points. A regular monitoring in physico-chemical parameters and distributional pattern of algal species was conducted during rainy and winter season(2016). The study reveals physico-chemicals parameters and their relation to the growth and distribution of algal population . About 29 algal species was recorded, out of which 12 algal species was found to be dominant during study period.
Antiapoptotic Protein Partners Fortilin and MCL1 Independently Protect Cells from 5-Fluorouracil-induced Cytotoxicity*

Fortilin, a potent 172-amino acid antiapoptotic polypeptide (Li, F., Zhang, D., and Fujise, K. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 47542–47549), binds MCL1, a protein of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family. The fortilin-MCL1 interaction stabilizes and increases the half-life of fortilin but not necessarily of MCL1 (Zhang, D., Li, F., Weidner, D., Mnjoyan, Z. H., and Fujise, K. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 37430–37438). It is not known to what extent each protein depends on the other for its apoptotic activity. Here, we present evidence that fortilin and MCL1 are capable of functioning as antiapoptotic proteins independently of each other. Using a robust small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing system developed in our laboratory, we analyzed the cytoprotective effects of fortilin and MCL1 together and apart in U2OS cell lines exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in both monoclonal and polyclonal cell populations. When MCL1 was silenced by MCL1-targeted siRNA, fortilin was still able to protect cells from 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, when fortilin was silenced by fortilin-targeted siRNA, MCL1 was also able to protect cells from 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these data clearly suggest that fortilin and MCL1 can exert their cytoprotective activities independently of each other. The silencing of fortilin and MCL1 did not qualitatively change the subcellular localization of MCL1 and fortilin, respectively. The biological significance of fortilin-MCL1 interaction may be that it increases cellular resistance to apoptosis by allowing MCL1, an independently antiapoptotic protein, to stabilize another independently antiapoptotic protein, fortilin.
Achieving scalable capacity in wireless networks with adaptive power control

The seminar work of Gupta and Kumar showed that multi-hop wireless networks with capacity scalable with the number of nodes, n, are achievable in theory. The transport capacity scales as Theta(radicn), while the capacity scales as Theta(n). A subsequent study, on the other hand, showed that the capacity of IEEE 802.11 networks does not scale with n due to its carrier-sensing mechanism. This prior work, however, has not considered the use of power control. The main contributions of this paper are three-folds: 1) we provide an analytical framework for deriving the design requirements of adaptive power control strategies; 2) we demonstrate that 802.11 networks are scalable with power control; 3) however, an enhanced MAC protocol called selective disregard of NAVs (SDN) can achieve substantially higher capacity with an adaptive power control scheme; in particular, adaptive power control allows SDN to achieve capacity within 75% of the theoretical optimal capacity of infrastructure-mode wireless networks. A reason why adaptive power control works well is that it takes into consideration the fundamental mutual-interference relationships between links in the vicinity of each other, and adjust their relative transmit powers to reduce these interferences to a large extent that is possible theoretically
ABR audiometry: application to the paediatric population.

This study examines the relationship between Auditory Brain Stem, Behavioural Observation and Impedance Audiometry in a paediatric population. Particular reference is made to the strengths and weaknesses of Auditory Brainstem Audiometry applied to this age group. Results indicate that in some cases diagnosis of hearing loss is made primarily on the basis of this test, while in other cases the test serves as an excellent check on Behavioural and Impedance Audiometry.
A relay selection scheme with limit feedback in OFDM relay networks based on subcarrier mapping

Subcarrier mapping (SCM) is an efficient way to evidently improve the average end-to-end capacity in cooperative OFDM networks. However perfect channel knowledge is required, which leads to large feedback amount of channel state information (CSI). In this paper, the uplink scenario of multi-relay OFDM cooperative networks with subcarrier mapping scheme is considered. An opportunistic relaying strategy with limit feedback CSI is proposed. The transmission scheme, which is based on instantaneous channel quality, is selected to offer maximum the end-to-end system capacity. The simulations show that the proposed approach can achieve almost asymptotically performance as full CSI feedback scheme with large number of subcarriers.
Helicobacter hepaticus Dps protein plays an important role in protecting DNA from oxidative damage

The ferritin-like DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) family proteins are present in a number of pathogenic bacteria. Dps in the enterohepatic pathogen, Helicobacter hepaticus is characterized and a H. hepaticus dps mutant was generated by insertional mutagenesis. While the wild type H. hepaticus cells were able to survive in an atmosphere containing up to 6.0% O2, the dps mutant failed to grow in 3.0% O2, and it was also more sensitive to oxidative reagents like H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Upon air exposure, the dps− cells had more damaged DNA than the wild type; they became coccoid or lysed and they contained ∼6-fold higher amount of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) DNA lesions than wild type cells. Purified H. hepaticus Dps was shown to be able to bind both iron and DNA. The iron-loaded form of Dps protein had much greater DNA binding ability than the native Dps or the iron-free Dps.
High Moment Partial Sum Processes of Residuals in ARMA Models and their Applications

Abstract. In this article, we study high moment partial sum processes based on residuals of a stationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model with known or unknown mean parameter. We show that they can be approximated in probability by the analogous processes which are obtained from the i.i. d. errors of the ARMA model. However, if a unknown mean parameter is used, there will be an additional term that depends on model parameters and a mean estimator. When properly normalized, this additional term will vanish. Thus the processes converge weakly to the same Gaussian processes as if the residuals were i.i. d. Applications to change‐point problems and goodness‐of‐fit are considered, in particular, cumulative sum statistics for testing ARMA model structure changes and the Jarque–Bera omnibus statistic for testing normality of the unobservable error distribution of an ARMA model.
Digital resistance and tendon strength during the first week after flexor digitorum profundus tendon repair in a canine model in vivo.

BACKGROUND After flexor tendon repair, the strength of the repair and the resistance to digital motion are important considerations in deciding when to initiate postoperative rehabilitation. Our objective was to assess these factors in a short-term in vivo canine model of flexor tendon repair. METHODS Forty-eight dogs were randomly allocated to four groups based on the duration of postoperative follow-up (one, three, five, or seven days). In each group, two flexor digitorum profundus tendons of one forepaw were exposed. One tendon (the repair tendon) was sharply transected and repaired with a modified Kessler suture, and the other one (the sham tendon) was simply exposed without laceration. The involved paw was immobilized until the animal was killed on the designated day. Three tendons from each dog, including the repair tendon, the sham tendon, and a control tendon from a corresponding normal digit on the contralateral side, were tested. RESULTS The mean peak total digital resistance force in the repair group was lowest at five days (p < 0.01 compared with seven days; p > 0.05 compared with one and three days). The mean peak force needed to overcome the internal gliding resistance between the repaired tendon and sheath was significantly higher than that in both the sham and control groups at all time-points (p < 0.001); however, this value was also smallest at five days. There was no significant difference in suture strength at any time-point (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When we evaluated tendon-gliding and suture strength after flexor tendon repair, the least favorable ratio of repair strength to force needed to overcome the resistance to digital motion was noted on Day 7, whereas the best combination of tendon strength and low peak resistance force was noted on Day 5.
A counter example to the stronger version of the binarytree hypothesisIgor

The paper describes a counter example to the hypothesis which states that a greedy decision tree generation algorithm that constructs binary decision trees and branches on a single attribute-value pair rather than on all values of the selected attribute will always lead to a tree with fewer leaves for any given training set. We show also that RELIEFF is less myopic than other impurity functions and that it enables the induction algorithm that generates binary decision trees to reconstruct optimal (the smallest) decision trees in more cases.