Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer of the Breast ‐ the Last Twenty‐five Years

The last quarter century has seen great promises, raised hopes and enormous endeavour in the field of breast cancer, together with the simple fact that as many women as ever still develop and still die of this disease. In this contribution we shall consider first the controversies which have surrounded the treatment of the so-called "early" case, second the management of the patient with advanced disease and finally the place which the development of clinical and laboratory diagnostic screening methods may have in the earlier detection and possible improvement in the prognosis of breast cancer.
Plasmodium falciparum Variability and Immune Evasion Proceed from Antigenicity of Consensus Sequences from DBL6ε; Generalization to All DBL from VAR2CSA

We studied all consensus sequences within the four least ‘variable blocks’ (VB) present in the DBL6ε domain of VAR2CSA, the protein involved in the adhesion of infected red blood cells by Plasmodium falciparum that causes the Pregnancy-Associated Malaria (PAM). Characterising consensus sequences with respect to recognition of antibodies and percentage of responders among pregnant women living in areas where P. falciparum is endemic allows the identification of the most antigenic sequences within each VB. When combining these consensus sequences among four serotypes from VB1 or VB5, the most often recognized ones are expected to induce pan-reactive antibodies recognizing VAR2CSA from all plasmodial strains. These sequences are of main interest in the design of an immunogenic molecule. Using a similar approach than for DBL6ε, we studied the five other DBL and the CIDRpam from VAR2CSA, and again identified VB segments with highly conserved consensus sequences. In addition, we identified consensus sequences in other var genes expressed by non-PAM parasites. This finding paves the way for vaccine design against other pathologies caused by P. falciparum.
Lifestyle Modification Advice for Lowering or Controlling High Blood Pressure: Who's Getting It?

Lifestyle modifications (LSMs) are important in hypertension management. Using data from a population‐based sample of hypertensive adults (N=28,457), the authors examined variations in reports of receipt of LSM advice by patient characteristics. Most adults (90.3%) with known hypertension reported receiving some type of advice. Exercise advice was reported most frequently (74.6%), followed by advice to reduce salt intake (69.3%), change eating habits (61.9%), and reduce alcohol intake (43.5%). Compared with adults aged 60 years or older, persons aged 18 to 39 years were more likely to report receipt of advice (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.81). Overweight persons (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.40–1.93) and obese persons (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.28–3.31) were more likely to report receipt of advice. Persons receiving antihypertensive medication were also more likely to report receiving advice (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.98–2.81). This study demonstrates that older persons, persons not taking antihypertensive medication, and individuals who are not overweight or obese are less likely to report receiving LSM advice.
Evidence for a Social Custom in Wild Chimpanzees

Can the concept of culture be applied validly to any of the natural behaviours exhibited by non-human primates? We compare aspects of social grooming shown by two separate populations of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in western Tanzania. We present as an example a behaviour pattern, the grooming-hand-clasp, which occurs commonly in the chimpanzees of Kasoge but is absent in the chimpanzees of Gombe. After discussing the problems of operationally defining culture, we present eight necessary criteria of culture which are capable of empirical verification: innovation, dissemination, standardisation, durability, diffusion, tradition, non-subsistence, and natural adaptiveness. These are applied to the behaviour of wild chimpanzees andJapanese monkeys (Macacafuscata). We conclude that no single behaviour pattern yet reported satisfies all eight criteria but that the grooming-handclasp should qualify as a social custom.
Developing and Assessing Effectiveness of a Time-Limited Therapy Group for Incarcerated Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

SUMMARY A thorough search of the literature has revealed little empirical research on the effects of trauma therapy with incarcerated women with histories of CSA. Psychotherapy, when available in a correctional setting, seems more related to resolving immediate crises that interfere with smooth management of the corrections environment rather than dealing with underlying problems such as CSA. The purpose of this preliminary investigation therefore was to implement and evaluate the efficacy of a time-limited, trauma-focused group intervention with a group of recently-incarcerated women volunteers who had experienced CSA. Five women completed the group plus pre- and post-test measures; a wait-list control group completed measures at the same intervals. Results were mixed in regard to the effectiveness of treatment: decreases were found in the mean Trauma Content (TC/R) scores of the Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM), but scores on the TSI and the SCL-90-R did not vary greatly. However, women in the control group showed consistent declines in scores during the wait-list period, suggesting the intervention may have helped newly incarcerated women adjust with less symptomatology.
Unequal Bequests

Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we make two contributions to the literature on end-of-life transfers. First, we show that unequal bequests are much more common than generally recognized, with one-third of parents with wills planning to divide their estates unequally among their children. These plans for unequal division are particularly concentrated in complex families, which are of two types: families with stepchildren and families with genetic children with whom the parent has had no contact, e.g., children from previous marriages. We find that in complex families past and current contact between parents and children reduces or eliminates unequal bequests. Second, although the literature focuses on the bequest intentions of parents who have made wills, we find that many older Americans have not made wills. Although the probability of having a will increases with age, 30 percent of HRS respondents aged 70 and over have no wills. Of HRS respondents who died between 1995 and 2010, 38 percent died without wills. Thus, focusing exclusively on the bequest intentions of parents who have made wills may provide an incomplete and misleading picture of end-of-life transfers.
Delaunay Decoupling Method for Parallel Guaranteed Quality Planar Mesh Refinement

Creating in parallel guaranteed quality large unstructured meshes is a challenging problem. Parallel mesh generation procedures decompose the original mesh generation problem into smaller subproblems that can be solved in parallel. The subproblems can be treated as either completely or partially coupled, or they can be treated as completely decoupled. In this paper we present a parallel guaranteed quality Delaunay method for 2-dimensional domains which is based on the complete decoupling of the subproblems. As a result the method eliminates the communication and the synchronization during the meshing of the subproblems. Moreover, it achieves 100% code reuse of existing, fine-tuned, and well-tested sequential mesh generators. The approach we describe in this paper presents for the first time an effective way to create in parallel guaranteed quality meshes with billions of elements in a few hundreds of seconds, and at the same time demonstrates that these meshes can be generated in an efficient and scalable way. Our performance data indicate superlinear speedups.
Detecting Possible Vaccination Reactions in Clinical Notes

The Vaccine Safety Datalink is a collaboration between the CDC and eight large HMO's to investigate adverse events following immunization through analysis of medical care databases and patients' medical charts. We modified an existing system called MediClass that uses natural language processing (NLP) and knowledge-based methods to classify clinical encounters recorded in electronic medical records (EMRs). We developed the knowledge necessary for MediClass to detect possible vaccine reactions in the outpatient, ED, and telephone encounters recorded in the EMR of a large HMO. We first trained the system using a manually coded gold standard training set, and achieved high sensitivity and specificity. We then ran a large set of post-immunization encounter records through MediClass to see if our method would generalize. Compared to methods that use administrative and clinical codes assigned to the EMR by clinicians, the system significantly improves the positive predictive value for detecting possible vaccine reactions.
The Automatic Categorization of Arabic Documents by Boosting Decision Trees

Automatic document classification has been subject to research since the early 1960s. However, additional research is still required and possible because the results obtained until now remain subject to further enhancement and refinement. Although a lot of literature has been written on the subject, very little research was reported on the automatic classification of Arabic documents none of which applied the technique of Boosting. In addition, Arabic is a highly inflective language and is morphologically much more complex than languages written with Latin characters. One cannot, therefore, easily take for granted that using Boosting to automatically classify Arabic documents is as effective as it is with documents written in Latin characters. This paper aims at exploring the technique of Boosting and its effectiveness with the automatic classification of Arabic documents and compares its performance with results obtained respectively with Support Vector Machines and Naïve Bayesian Networks.
A role for the Warburg effect in preimplantation embryo development: Metabolic modification to support rapid cell proliferation

In this essay, we propose that embryos express a metabolic phenotype necessarily different from that of differentiated somatic cells and more like that of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. This metabolic adaptation, known as the Warburg effect, supports rapid cell proliferation. One of the hallmarks of the Warburg effect is that pyruvate is directed away from the tri‐carboxylic acid cycle and metabolized to lactate, resulting in a buildup of glycolytic intermediates. Although this is a comparatively inefficient way to generate ATP, this adaptation allows the cell to meet other critical metabolic requirements, including biomass production and redox regulation. Thus, utilization of WE gives proliferating cells a selective growth advantage. This model represents a completely new understanding of embryo metabolism in the context of a broad, interconnected network of metabolic mechanisms that influence viability, versus the current dogma of carbohydrate metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation. A more complete understanding of embryo metabolism is critical to better support embryo viability in vitro, and to avoid forcing embryos to adapt to suboptimal culture conditions at a significant cost to future growth and development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 311–320, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Plant-Specific Actin Binding Protein SCAB1 Stabilizes Actin Filaments and Regulates Stomatal Movement in Arabidopsis[C][W]

This study shows the identification of a plant-specific actin binding protein, STOMATAL CLOSURE-RELATED ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN1, which associates with and stabilizes microfilaments, and regulates microfilament reorganization during stomatal closure in response to drought stress. Microfilament dynamics play a critical role in regulating stomatal movement; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. We report here the identification and characterization of STOMATAL CLOSURE-RELATED ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (SCAB1), an Arabidopsis thaliana actin binding protein. Plants lacking SCAB1 were hypersensitive to drought stress and exhibited reduced abscisic acid-, H2O2-, and CaCl2-regulated stomatal movement. In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that SCAB1 binds, stabilizes, and bundles actin filaments. SCAB1 shares sequence similarity only with plant proteins and contains a previously undiscovered actin binding domain. During stomatal closure, actin filaments switched from a radial orientation in open stomata to a longitudinal orientation in closed stomata. This switch took longer in scab1 plants than in wild-type plants and was correlated with the delay in stomatal closure seen in scab1 mutants in response to drought stress. Our results suggest that SCAB1 is required for the precise regulation of actin filament reorganization during stomatal closure.
Coordinating Handover Parameter Optimization and Load Balancing in LTE Self-Optimizing Networks

In this paper we present simulation results of a self-optimizing network in a long-term-evolution (LTE) mobile communication system that uses two optimizing algorithms at the same time: load balancing and handover parameter optimization. Based on previous work, we extend the optimization by a combined use case. We present the interactions of the two SON algorithms and show an example of a coordination system. The coordination system for self optimization observes system performance and controls the SON algorithms. As both SON algorithms deal with the handover decision itself, not only interactions, but also conflicts in the observation and control of the system are to be expected and are observed. The example of a coordination system here is not the optimal solution covering all aspects, but rather a working solution that shows equal performance to the individual algorithms or in the best case combining the strengths of the algorithms and achieving even better performance; although as localized gain, in time and area.
Keywords Make the Difference!: Mnemonic Instruction in Inclusive Classrooms

As students with learning disabilities move to more inclusive environments, they are increasingly challenged with learning and retaining material from the general education curriculum (Mastropieri & Scruggs, 2000). One challenge to educators is to find strategies to help them learn and remember relevant vocabulary. This issue can be problematic because of the deficits of many students with learning disabilities in areas of language facility and semantic memory (Mann, 1998; Swanson, Cooney, & O'Shaugnessy, 199B). This article presents the perspective of one special education teacher who introduced and evaluated the keyword method of instruction in inclusive classrooms in her school (See box, "What Does the Literature Say? "). Students in three inclusive third-grade classes were taught story vocabulary using three different methods. Vocabulary learning has been considered an important component of prose comprehension, and an area of potential difficulty for students with disabilities (Carnine, Silbert, & Kameenui, 1997). In this case, the special education teacher was interested in the possible benefits of the keyword method as applied in an entire classroom activity involving story reading and discussion.
Oceanic Distribution, Behaviour, and a Winter Aggregation Area of Adult Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Seasonal distribution of adult Atlantic sturgeon was examined using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and ultrasonic transmitters deployed in the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada. Seven MK10 PSATs programmed for release in June 2012 and seven MiniPAT PSATs programmed for release in February and April 2013 were deployed in August 2011 and 2012, respectively. Eleven of 14 PSATs surfaced and transmitted depth and temperature data archived for the duration of their deployment (121–302 days). Among these eleven PSATs, five were recovered and 15-sec archival data was downloaded. Following exit from the Saint John River in the fall, tagged fish occupied a mean monthly depth of 76.3–81.6 m at temperatures as low as 4.9˚C throughout the winter before returning to shallower areas in the spring. The majority of ultrasonic detections occurred in the Bay of Fundy, but fish were detected as far as Riviere Saint-Jean, Quebec, approximately 1500 km from the Bay of Fundy (representing long-distance migratory rates of up to 44 km/day). All PSATs were first detected in the Bay of Fundy. Tags that released in February and April were found 5–21 km offshore of the Saint John Harbour, while tags that released in June were first detected in near shore areas throughout the Bay of Fundy. The substrate at winter tag release locations (estimated from backward numerical particle-tracking experiments) consisted primarily of moraines and postglacial mud substrate with low backscatter strength, indicative of soft or smooth seabed. Based on the proximity of winter tag release locations, the consistent depths observed between fish, and previous research, it is suspected that a winter aggregation exists in the Bay of Fundy. This study expands the understanding of the marine distribution and range of Atlantic sturgeon on the east coast of Canada.
Whale sharks target dense prey patches of sergestid shrimp off Tanzania

Large planktivores require high-density prey patches to make feeding energetically viable. This is a major challenge for species living in tropical and subtropical seas, such as whale sharks Rhincodon typus. Here, we characterize zooplankton biomass, size structure and taxonomic composition from whale shark feeding events and background samples at Mafia Island, Tanzania. The majority of whale sharks were feeding (73%, 380 of 524 observations), with the most common behaviour being active surface feeding (87%). We used 20 samples collected from immediately adjacent to feeding sharks and an additional 202 background samples for comparison to show that plankton biomass was ∼10 times higher in patches where whale sharks were feeding (25 vs. 2.6 mg m−3). Taxonomic analyses of samples showed that the large sergestid Lucifer hanseni (∼10 mm) dominated while sharks were feeding, accounting for ∼50% of identified items, while copepods (<2 mm) dominated background samples. The size structure was skewed towards larger animals representative of L.hanseni in feeding samples. Thus, whale sharks at Mafia Island target patches of dense, large, zooplankton dominated by sergestids. Large planktivores, such as whale sharks, which generally inhabit warm oligotrophic waters, aggregate in areas where they can feed on dense prey to obtain sufficient energy.
Investigating the Relationships Among Peer Athlete Mentor Leadership Behaviours, Mentoring Functions, and Perceptions of Satisfaction

This dissertation provides the reader with the theory and mathematical background to understand the working principal of a wound rotor induction machine under double supply to effectively capture the power provided by a wind turbine. The dynamic model proposed by P. Vas is presented in equation form and in Matlab scripts and functional Simulink blocks that provide the reader with a working simulation immediately. The control of the system employs the well established stator flux oriented vector control method with improvements proposed by Tapia el al. to track the maximum power available from the wind turbine. The model is completely validated through comparison of characteristics to published literature.
Phase-Quantized Block Noncoherent Communication

Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is a key bottleneck in scaling DSP-centric receiver architectures to multiGigabit/s speeds. Recent information-theoretic results, obtained under ideal channel conditions (perfect synchronization, no dispersion), indicate that low-precision ADC (1-4 bits) could be a suitable choice for designing such high speed systems. In this work, we study the impact of employing low-precision ADC in a carrier asynchronous system. Specifically, we consider transmission over the block noncoherent additive white Gaussian noise channel, and investigate the achievable performance under low-precision output quantization. We focus attention on an architecture in which the receiver quantizes only the phase of the received signal: this has the advantage of being implementable without automatic gain control, using multiple 1-bit ADCs preceded by analog multipliers. For standard uniform Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, we study the structure of the transition density of the phase-quantized block noncoherent channel. Several results, based on the symmetry inherent in the channel model, are provided to characterize this transition density. Low-complexity procedures for computing the channel information rate, and for block demodulation, are obtained using these results. Numerical computations are performed to compare the performance of quantized and unquantized systems, for different quantization precisions, and different block lengths. With QPSK modulation, it is observed, for example, that for SNR larger than 2-3 dB, 8-bin phase quantization of the received signal recovers about 80-85% of the mutual information attained with unquantized observations, while 12-bin phase quantization recovers more than 90% of the unquantized mutual information. Dithering the constellation is shown to improve the performance in the face of drastic quantization.
Aboriginal English inside and outside the classroom

It is argued that Aboriginal children’s English is different inside and outside the classroom largely because characteristically, inside the classroom the Aboriginal children do not have the freedom to determine the discourse pattern which they have outside the classroom. This is illustrated on the basis of an analysis of five first person oral narratives of Aboriginal children of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia recorded outside the classroom, which are compared both with a first person oral narrative of a non-Aboriginal child and with teacher led interactions in the classes of which these children were members. The Aboriginal children’s discourse exhibits ‘tracking,’ a culture-specific way of organising narrative, which is widely exhibited in Aboriginal communities. It is implied that education of speakers of Aboriginal English needs to be sensitive to such discoursal features which are not shared by other English speakers.