Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Clustering of Machine-Generated Mail

Several recent studies have presented different approaches for clustering and classifying machine-generated mail based on email headers. We propose to expand these approaches by considering email message bodies. We argue that our approach can help increase coverage and precision in several tasks, and is especially critical for mail extraction. We remind that mail extraction supports a variety of mail mining applications such as ad re-targeting, mail search, and mail summarization. We introduce new structural clustering methods that leverage the HTML structure that is common to messages generated by a same mass-sender script. We discuss how such structural clustering can be conducted at different levels of granularity, using either strict or flexible matching constraints, depending on the use cases. We present large scale experiments carried over real Yahoo mail traffic. For our first use case of automatic mail extraction, we describe novel flexible-matching clustering methods that meet the key requirements of high intra-cluster similarity, adequate clusters size, and relatively small overall number of clusters. We identify the precise level of flexibility that is needed in order to achieve extremely high extraction precision (close to 100%), while producing relatively small number of clusters. For our second use case, namely, mail classification, we show that strict structural matching is more adequate, achieving precision and recall rates between 85%-90%, while converging to a stable classification after a short learning cycle. This represents an increase of 10%-20% compared to the sender-based method described in previous work, when run over the same period length. Our work has been deployed in production in Yahoo mail backend.
Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation

Traditional econometric models assume a constant one-period forecast variance. To generalize this implausible assumption, a new class of stochastic processes called autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) processes are introduced in this paper. These are mean zero, serially uncorrelated processes with nonconstant variances conditional on the past, but constant unconditional variances. For such processes, the recent past gives information about the one-period forecast variance. A regression model is then introduced with disturbances following an ARCH process. Maximum likelihood estimators are described and a simple scoring iteration formulated. Ordinary least squares maintains its optimality properties in this set-up, but maximum likelihood is more efficient. The relative efficiency is calculated and can be infinite. To test whether the disturbances follow an ARCH process, the Lagrange multiplier procedure is employed. The test is based simply on the autocorrelation of the squared OLS residuals. This model is used to estimate the means and variances of inflation in the U.K. The ARCH effect is found to be significant and the estimated variances increase substantially during the chaotic seventies.
Enhanced Immune System Regeneration in Humans Following Allogeneic or Autologous Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation by Temporary Sex Steroid Blockade

Purpose: To determine if temporarily blocking sex steroids prior to stem cell transplantation can increase thymus function and thus enhance the rate of T cell regeneration. Experimental Design: This was a pilot study of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist (LHRH-A) goserelin given 3 weeks prior to allogeneic or autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation and administered up to 3 months posttransplantation. Patients (with or without LHRH-A administration) were assessed from 1 week to 12 months posttransplantation for multiple immunologic variables by flow cytometry (particularly naïve T cells), quantitative PCR to assess T-cell receptor excision circle levels (as a correlate of thymus function), CDR3 length analysis to determine the variability of the TCR repertoire, and in vitro assays to determine functional T cell responses. Results: LHRH-A administration prior to stem cell transplantation significantly increased neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers within the first month of posttransplantation. Most importantly, total and naïve CD4+ T cell regeneration together with T-cell receptor excision circle production, T cell repertoire regeneration, and peripheral T cell function were also significantly enhanced at multiple time points posttransplant. In addition, an increase in disease-free survival (P = 0.04) was seen in the autologous setting. Although LHRH-A administration increased T cell responses in vitro, it did not exacerbate graft-versus-host disease in the allogeneic setting. Conclusions: This study provides an important new approach to the improvement of immune reconstitution in patients undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation and may have generic applications in many T cell–based disorders.
Bank Mergers and Shareholder Value Creation in India

The study attempts to examine the impact of merger events on the stock price behavior of acquirer as well as the target shareholders in the Indian banking industry. OLS Market Model and Constant Market Model were applied to study a sample of (17) merger announcements both by Private and Public sector banks. The results demonstrate that merger announcements in Indian banking sector have no significant impact on bidder portfolio. However for target banks, interesting results have been emerged. None of the average CAR appeared statistically significant when Global Trust Bank (GTB), a loss making bank is included in the overall target portfolio. However, the average CAR changes immediately to significant positive returns in all the run-up windows when the same bank is expelled from the target sample. Further, unlike most of the previous studies, we found no clear pattern of abnormal returns for the combined private sector banks
Sexual abuse and sexual risk behavior: beyond the impact of psychiatric problems.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between sexual abuse (SA) and sex risk in girls and boys placed in alternative and therapeutic school settings while controlling for psychiatric problems. METHOD Adolescents were recruited from alternative and therapeutic schools. Youth completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews assessing childhood abuse, sexual behaviors, sexual attitudes, and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Of the 162 youth with available data, 23% reported a moderate or severe SA history. After controlling for gender and the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis, youth with a SA history were significantly more likely to have engaged in sex, had sex in the last 90 days, and engaged in unprotected sex. Adolescents with a history of SA also endorsed fewer advantages of using condoms. CONCLUSIONS SA is uniquely associated with sexual behavior and attitudes even when adjusting for the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. These data have implications for interventions for those with SA histories.
Blocking Effect of Poly ( o-aminophenol ) Towards Adsorption Processes at a Gold Film Surface . A Comparison with its Performance as Biosensor and Electrocatalyst Material

The aim of this work was to qualitatively analyze how the electrochemical response of a metal surface is modified when it is gradually coated by poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP). To this end the electrochemical response of a thin gold film electrode was firstly studied in the presence of different adsorbates (perchlorate, sulfate and benzenesulfonate anions and the macromolecule poly(vinyl imidazole)). Then, the gold film electrode was gradually coated by POAP films of different thicknesses and again, its electrochemical response in the presence of the same adsorbates was recorded. Cyclic Voltammetry and the Surface Resistance technique were employed in this study. Also, SEM images on the gold film surface coated by POAP films of different thicknesses are shown. Dependence of the resistance change of the gold film on the external electrolyte composition at POAP thicknesses lower than 0.4 mC cm –2 was attributed to the discontinuous character of the polymer thickness on the gold surface. For polymer thicknesses higher than 0.4 mC cm –2 , the resistance response of the gold film becomes independent of both the external electrolyte composition and POAP thickness. Thus, POAP thicknesses higher than 0.4 mC cm –2 seem to be compact enough at the metal|polymer interface to prevent the interaction of the species contained in the supporting electrolyte with the gold film surface. This conclusion seems to be in agreement with SEM images. Although the SR technique does not detect changes at the metal film|POAP interface for POAP thicknesses within the range 0.4 mC cm –2 to 1.5 mC cm –2 , SEM images show that the external morphology of POAP becomes porous for film thicknesses higher than 0.8 mC cm –2 . The observations reported in this work could be useful for understanding more clearly the electrochemical performance of sensors and catalysts based on poly(o-
Self-Scheduling of a Hydro Producer in a Pool-Based Electricity Market

This paper addresses the self-scheduling of a hydro generating company in a pool-based electricity market. This company comprises several cascaded plants along a river basin. The objective is to maximize the profit of the company from selling energy in the day-ahead market. This paper proposes a 0/1 mixed-integer linear programming (LP) model to account, in every plant, for the nonlinear and nonconcave three dimensional relationship between the power produced, the water discharged and the head of the associated reservoir. Additionally, startup costs due mainly to the wear and tear are considered. Finally, different realistic case studies are analyzed in detail.
Differential Callosal Contributions to Bimanual Control in Young and Older Adults

Our recent work has shown that older adults are disproportionately impaired at bimanual tasks when the two hands are moving out of phase with each other [Bangert, A. S. , Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. , Walsh, C. M. , Schachter, A. B. , & Seidler, R. D. Bimanual coordination and aging: Neurobehavioral implications. Neuropsychologia, 48, 1165–1170, 2010]. Interhemispheric interactions play a key role during such bimanual movements to prevent interference from the opposite hemisphere. Declines in corpus callosum (CC) size and microstructure with advancing age have been well documented, but their contributions to age deficits in bimanual function have not been identified. In the current study, we used structural magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging to investigate age-related changes in the relationships between callosal macrostructure, microstructure, and motor performance on tapping tasks requiring differing degrees of interhemispheric interaction. We found that older adults demonstrated disproportionately poorer performance on out-of-phase bimanual control, replicating our previous results. In addition, older adults had smaller anterior CC size and poorer white matter integrity in the callosal midbody than their younger counterparts. Surprisingly, larger CC size and better integrity of callosal microstructure in regions connecting sensorimotor cortices were associated with poorer motor performance on tasks requiring high levels of interhemispheric interaction in young adults. Conversely, in older adults, better performance on these tasks was associated with larger size and better CC microstructure integrity within the same callosal regions. These findings implicate age-related declines in callosal size and integrity as a key contributor to bimanual control deficits. Further, the differential age-related involvement of transcallosal pathways reported here raises new questions about the role of the CC in bimanual control.
DNA flap creation by the RarA/MgsA protein of Escherichia coli

Abstract We identify a novel activity of the RarA (also MgsA) protein of Escherichia coli, demonstrating that this protein functions at DNA ends to generate flaps. A AAA+ ATPase in the clamp loader clade, RarA protein is part of a highly conserved family of DNA metabolism proteins. We demonstrate that RarA binds to double-stranded DNA in its ATP-bound state and single-stranded DNA in its apo state. RarA ATPase activity is stimulated by single-stranded DNA gaps and double-stranded DNA ends. At these double-stranded DNA ends, RarA couples the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to separating the strands of duplex DNA, creating flaps. We hypothesize that the creation of a flap at the site of a leading strand discontinuity could, in principle, allow DnaB and the associated replisome to continue DNA synthesis without impediment, with leading strand re-priming by DnaG. Replication forks could thus be rescued in a manner that does not involve replisome disassembly or reassembly, albeit with loss of one of the two chromosomal products of a replication cycle.
MMT Observations of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1118+480 near and in Quiescence

We report on the analysis of new and previously published MMT optical spectra of the black hole binary XTE J1118+480 during the decline from the 2000 outburst to true quiescence. From cross-correlation with template stars, we measure the radial velocity of the secondary to derive a new spectroscopic ephemeris. The observations acquired during approach to quiescence confirm the earlier reported modulation in the centroid of the double-peaked Hα emission line. In addition, our data combined with the results presented by Zurita et al. (2002) provide support for a modulation with a periodicity in agreement with the expected precession period of the accretion disk of ~52 days. Doppler images during the decline phase of the Hα emission line show evidence for a hot spot and emission from the gas stream: the hot spot is observed to vary its position, which may be due to the precession of the disk. The data available during quiescence show that the centroid of the Hα emission line is offset by about -100 km s-1 from the systemic velocity, which suggests that the disk continues to precess. An Hα tomogram reveals emission from near the donor star after subtraction of the ringlike contribution from the accretion disk, which we attribute to chromospheric emission. No hot spot is present, suggesting that accretion from the secondary has stopped (or decreased significantly) during quiescence. Finally, a comparison is made with the black hole XRN GRO J0422+32: we show that the Hα profile of this system also exhibits a behavior consistent with a precessing disk.
Sexual Orientation and Poverty in the Uk: A Review and Top-Line Findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study

Is there a link between sexuality and poverty in the UK? If so, has this relationship changed over time? This review synthesizes British and international literature while adding top-line findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) to address these questions. It focuses not only on aggregate poverty rates but also on poverty drivers related to household structure, homelessness, health, education, employment and household wealth. The literature and top-line data analyses reveal gay and bisexual men experience greater material disadvantage compared heterosexual men while bisexual women experience greater material disadvantage compared to heterosexual women. Though the international literature sometimes finds material disadvantage for lesbians, the UKHLS data reveal little evidence that lesbians are materially disadvantaged relative to heterosexual women, although any British lesbian material disadvantage may be related to their status as women rather than their sexuality.
Reduced brain connectivity and mental flexibility in mild traumatic brain injury

A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, has known neuropsychological sequelae, and neuroimaging shows disturbed brain connectivity during the resting state. We hypothesized that task‐based functional connectivity measures, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), would better link the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive deficits to specific brain damage.
Gastrointestinal Perforation in Neonates: Aetiology and Risk Factors

Background: Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) in neonates presents important challenges and mortality can be high. This is a report of recent experience with GIP in neonates in a developing country. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of 16 neonates treated for GIP in a 3 year period. Results: There were 9 males and 7 females, aged 0-28 days (median age =7days). Their weights at presentation ranged from 0.9 - 4.7kg (median =2.6). Five infants were premature. Twelve infants presented more than 72 hours after onset of symptoms. Plain abdominal radiographs showed peumoperitoneum in 9 infants. The cause of perforation was necrotising enterocolitis 6, intestinal obstruction 6, iatrogenic 3 and spontaneous 1. The site of perforation was ileum in 12 infants, stomach in 4 and colon in 4; 4 patients had involvement of more than one site. All the neonates underwent exploratory laparotomy with primary closure ( n=5) , resection and anastomosis( n=6), colostomy (n=3), Ileostomy ( n=2), partial gastrectomy (n=2) ,or gastrojejunostomy ( n=1). Two neonates had multiple procedures. Two very sick preterm babies had an initial peritoneal lavage. Surgical site infection is the commonest postoperative complication occurring in 9 infants. Anaesthesia sepsis and malnutrition is responsible for the seven deaths recorded. Conclusions: Neonatal GIP has multiple aetiologies; NEC is the most common cause. Major mortality risk factors include NEC, multiple perforations, delayed presentation and prematurity.
Modal Analysis of a Nonlinear Periodic Structure with Cyclic Symmetry

This paper carries out modal analysis of a nonlinear periodic structure with cyclic symme- try. The nonlinear normal mode (NNM) theory is brie°y described, and a computational algorithm for the NNM computation is presented. The results obtained on a simpli¯ed model of a bladed assembly show that this system possesses a very complicated struc- ture of NNMs, including similar and nonsimilar NNMs, nonlocalized and localized NNMs, bifurcating and internally resonant NNMs. Modal interactions that occur without neces- sarily having commensurate natural frequencies in the underlying linear system are also discussed.
On ideals free of large prime factors

RÉSUMÉ. En 1989, E. Saias a établi une formule asymptotique pour 03A8(x, y) = | avec un très bon terme d’erreur, valable si exp ((log log x)(5/3)+~)~ y~ x,x &#x3E; ~ &#x3E; 0. Nous étendons ce résultat à un corps de nombre K en obtenant une formule asymptotique pour la fonction y) avec le même terme d’erreur et la même zone de validité. Notre objectif principal est de comparer les formules pour 03A8 (x, y) et y),
MODELLING FARMERS PREFERENCES FOR AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEME DESIGN : SPANISH CASE STUDY

Agri-environmental schemes (AES) have had a limited effect on European agriculture due to farmer‟s reluctance to participate in them. Information on the role that AES design can have on encouraging farmers to participate can be an important input into the design of such policies. This paper investigates farmers‟ preferences for different design options related to a specific AES in Spain using data from a choice experiment survey conducted in two regions (Aragón and Andalusia). The analysis employs a Random Parameter Logit model allowing for preference heterogeneity and correlation amongst the non Status Quo alternatives. The results show significant heterogeneity in preferences for AES design attributes across regions and farmers. However, there is significant reluctance of farmers to participate in certain schemes. The paper suggests ways in which AES design could be improved in order to encourage farmers‟ participation.
Rate of decrease of genetic variability in a two-dimensional continuous population of finite size.

The rate of decay of genetic variability was investigated for two-dimensional continuous populations of finite size. The exact value of the rate involves a rather complicated expression (formula (4-1)). However, numerical examples indicate that in a population habitat size LxL and density D, the rate is approximately equal to (see PDF) where sigma(2) is the variance of dispersion distance assuming isotropical migration. The value given in (2) is equal to that of a panmictic population of size DL(2). It is remarkable that whether the rate assumes the value given by (1) or by (2) depends only on Dsigma(2) (a local property), which is independent of the habitat size. Since, in a one-dimensional population, this depends on both Dsigma(2) and the habitat size, there is an essential difference between the two types of population structure. -The function giving the probability of two homologous genes separated by a given distance being different alleles was also obtained, (formula (5-1)).
Metric spaces and positive definite functions

As poo we get the space Em with the distance function maxi-, . I xi X. Let, furthermore, lP stand for the space of real sequences with the series of pth powers of the absolute values convergent. Similarly let LP denote the space of real measurable functions in the interval (0, 1) which are summable to the pth power, while C shall mean the space of real continuous functions in the same interval. In all these spaces a distance function is assumed to be defined as usual. t L2 is equivalent to the real Hilbert space t. The spaces EmP, IP and LP are metric only if p > 1, but we shall consider them also for positive values of p O). A general theorem of Banach and Mazur ([1], p. 187) states that any separable metric space (5 may be imbedded isometrically in the space C. Furthermore, as a special case of a well known theorem of Urysohn, any such space (E may be imbedded topologically in t. Isometric imbeddability of (E in '& is, however, a much more restricted property of (B. The chief purpose of this paper is to point out the intimate relationship between the problem of isometric imbedding and the concept of positive definite functions, if this concept is properly enlarged. As a first approach to this connection we consider here isometric imbedding in Hilbert space only. It turns out that the possibility of imbedding$ in 6& is very easily expressible in terms of the elementary function e-t2 and the concept of positive definite functions (Theorem 1). The author's previous result ([10]) to the effect that i(,y), (O <,y < 1), which is the space arising from 6& by raising its metric to a