Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Products of effective topological spaces and a uniformly computable Tychonoff Theorem

This article is a fundamental study in computable analysis. In the framework of Type-2 effectivity, TTE, we investigate computability aspects on finite and infinite products of effective topological spaces. For obtaining uniform results we introduce natural multi-representations of the class of all effective topological spaces, of their points, of their subsets and of their compact subsets. We show that the binary, finite and countable product operations on effective topological spaces are computable. For spaces with non-empty base sets the factors can be retrieved from the products. We study computability of the product operations on points, on arbitrary subsets and on compact subsets. For the case of compact sets the results are uniformly computable versions of Tychonoff's Theorem (stating that every Cartesian product of compact spaces is compact) for both, the cover multi-representation and the "minimal cover" multi-representation.
Lay Definitions of Happiness across Nations: The Primacy of Inner Harmony and Relational Connectedness

In well-being research the term happiness is often used as synonymous with life satisfaction. However, little is known about lay people's understanding of happiness. Building on the available literature, this study explored lay definitions of happiness across nations and cultural dimensions, analyzing their components and relationship with participants' demographic features. Participants were 2799 adults (age range = 30–60, 50% women) living in urban areas of Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, and United States. They completed the Eudaimonic and Hedonic Happiness Investigation (EHHI), reporting, among other information, their own definition of happiness. Answers comprised definitions referring to a broad range of life domains, covering both the contextual-social sphere and the psychological sphere. Across countries and with little variation by age and gender, inner harmony predominated among psychological definitions, and family and social relationships among contextual definitions. Whereas relationships are widely acknowledged as basic happiness components, inner harmony is substantially neglected. Nevertheless, its cross-national primacy, together with relations, is consistent with the view of an ontological interconnectedness characterizing living systems, shared by several conceptual frameworks across disciplines and cultures. At the methodological level, these findings suggest the potential of a bottom-up, mixed method approach to contextualize psychological dimensions within culture and lay understanding.
Constructive use of GNSS NLOS-multipath: Augmenting the navigation Kalman filter with a 3D model of the environment

In this paper, we introduce a GNSS positioning approach that uses constructively non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signals. A 3D model of the environment is used to predict the geometric paths of NLOS signals. More precisely, we propose a version of the extended Kalman filter augmented by a 3D model, referred to as 3D AEKF, for GNSS navigation in NLOS context. In the proposed approach, the measurement model traditionally based on the trilateration equations is constructed from the received paths estimated by the 3D model. The Jacobian of the measurement model is calculated through knowledge of the wall on which the reflection has occured. To use even less reliable measurements, a robust version of the 3D AEKF is also proposed. Simulations conducted in different realistic configurations allow the performance of the proposed method to be evaluated.
Highly (H5N1) and Low (H7N2) Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Falcons Via Nasochoanal Route and Ingestion of Experimentally Infected Prey

An experimental infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses was carried out on falcons in order to examine the effects of these viruses in terms of pathogenesis, viral distribution in tissues and viral shedding. The distribution pattern of influenza virus receptors was also assessed. Captive-reared gyr-saker (Falco rusticolus x Falco cherrug) hybrid falcons were challenged with a HPAI H5N1 virus (A/Great crested grebe/Basque Country/06.03249/2006) or a LPAI H7N2 virus (A/Anas plathyrhynchos/Spain/1877/2009), both via the nasochoanal route and by ingestion of previously infected specific pathogen free chicks. Infected falcons exhibited similar infection dynamics despite the different routes of exposure, demonstrating the effectiveness of in vivo feeding route. H5N1 infected falcons died, or were euthanized, between 5–7 days post-infection (dpi) after showing acute severe neurological signs. Presence of viral antigen in several tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR), which were generally associated with significant microscopical lesions, mostly in the brain. Neither clinical signs, nor histopathological findings were observed in any of the H7N2 LPAI infected falcons, although all of them had seroconverted by 11 dpi. Avian receptors were strongly present in the upper respiratory tract of the falcons, in accordance with the consistent oral viral shedding detected by RRT-PCR in both H5N1 HPAI and H7N2 LPAI infected falcons. The present study demonstrates that gyr-saker hybrid falcons are highly susceptible to H5N1 HPAI virus infection, as previously observed, and that they may play a major role in the spreading of both HPAI and LPAI viruses. For the first time in raptors, natural infection by feeding on infected prey was successfully reproduced. The use of avian prey species in falconry husbandry and wildlife rehabilitation facilities could put valuable birds of prey and humans at risk and, therefore, this practice should be closely monitored.
Comparison between Immunization Routes of Live Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Strains Expressing BCSP31, Omp3b, and SOD of Brucella abortus in Murine Model

Live, attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine candidate expressing BCSP31, Omp3b, and SOD proteins of Brucella abortus was constructed. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided equally into three groups, Group A, were intraperitoneally (IP) inoculated with 100 μl of approximately 1.2 × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml of the Salmonella containing vector only in 100 μl as a control. And groups B and C mice were orally and IP immunized with approximately 1.2 × 109 CFU/ml of the mixture of three delivery strains in 10 μl and IP immunized with approximately 1.2 × 106 CFU/ml of the mixture in 100 μl, respectively. The serum IgG, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations in groups B (except Omp3b) and C were significantly higher than those in group A. Following challenge with B. abortus strain 544; challenge strain was detected <103 CFU from the spleen of all mice of group C. These results suggest that IP immunization with the mixture of the vaccine candidate can induce immune responses, and can effectively protect mice against brucellosis.
Post Occupancy Evaluation after Earthquake and Tsunami in Meuraxa Sub-District: Case Study in Banda Aceh

An earthquake with 9.0 SR faced Aceh, followed by a tsunami in the coastal areas of Aceh, causing severe damage, especially in the city of Banda Aceh. The worst affected area was the Sub-district Meuraxa because it was directly adjacent to the sea. In-depth and ongoing evaluations were needed to solve these problems. In this case, POE was used as a study. POE is a process of evaluating the performance of buildings, occupants and their environment. POE consists of three aspects, namely functional, technical, and behavior aspects. There are three levels in this study, namely indicative, investigative, and diagnostic levels. The level used was investigative because it was a continuation of previous study with two comparative objects. So, the formulation of the problem in this study was to look at the performance of the elements of POE and the response of occupants of the house. The method used in this study was Mix Method Research which was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with descriptive statistical techniques which were then analyzed using theory and related references so as to produce a kind of comparative study. The study results were as follows; technical aspects which included structural systems, lighting, and interior finishing as a whole having better performance than comparable objects. Functional aspects included organizational structure, communication, workflow, spatial organization, and circulation and support of human having better performance than comparable objects. While the behavioral aspects which included productivity and territoriality, privacy and interaction, perception, image and meaning, and cognition and orientation tended to be the same as the objects of comparison, it could be said that the behavioral aspects in this study began to move in a more positive direction.
Combining syntactic and semantic bidirectionalization

Matsuda et al. [2007, ICFP] and Voigtländer [2009, POPL] introduced two techniques that given a source-to-view function provide an update propagation function mapping an original source and an updated view back to an updated source, subject to standard consistency conditions. Being fundamentally different in approach, both techniques have their respective strengths and weaknesses. Here we develop a synthesis of the two techniques to good effect. On the intersection of their applicability domains we achieve more than what a simple union of applying the techniques side by side delivers.
Comparison of Apolipoprotein Concentrations and Values of APOB:APOAI with Traditional Lipid Measures in Women Diagnosed with Acute Cornonary Syndromes – A Preliminary Report

BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death in the modern world. Reliable indicators of risk assessment could be useful in clinical investigation. Results from recent studies suggest that apolipoprotein measurement and apoB:apoI ratio are superior to traditional lipids in the estimation of coronary risk. We compared apolipoprotein concentrations and apoB:apoAI index with traditional lipid measures in ACS patients. METHODS A study group consisted of 94 women diagnosed with ACS (STEMI=21, NSTEMI=25 and UA=48). Clinically healthy volunteers (n=30) served as controls. Measurements of serum cardiac TnI, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein AI and apoB100 concentrations were performed and apoB:apoAI ratio was calculated. RESULTS ACS patients had significantly decreased median HDL-cholesterol, increased atherogenic indexes TC:HDL-C, apoB:apoAI and abnormally high CRP compared to controls. Median LDL-cholesterol and apoAI concentrations, although significantly higher in ACS patients, remained within the normal range. Comparison of atherogenic indexes in ACS patients has shown increased TC:HDL-C (>4) and apoB:apoAI (>0,3) in 60,4% and 96,8% of which 55,4% had moderate and high risk (>0,6). ApoB:apoAI ratio was of good diagnostic utility for discrimination between ACS cases and non-ACS controls (AUC=0,715), and little better than TC:HDL-C. In both groups similar percentage of increased LDL-C and triglycerides was observed whereas increased apoB concentration was three times more likely in ACS cases. The highest apoB:apoAI was observed predominantly in STEMI cases (49%) whereas the lowest in UA and NSTEMI (30%). CONCLUSIONS Determination of apolipoproteins and assessment of apoB:apoAI ratio seems to be useful and better tool than traditional lipid measures in assessing risk of acute coronary syndromes in women.
Brewhouse-Resident Microbiota Are Responsible for Multi-Stage Fermentation of American Coolship Ale

American coolship ale (ACA) is a type of spontaneously fermented beer that employs production methods similar to traditional Belgian lambic. In spite of its growing popularity in the American craft-brewing sector, the fermentation microbiology of ACA has not been previously described, and thus the interface between production methodology and microbial community structure is unexplored. Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), barcoded amplicon sequencing (BAS), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and culture-dependent analysis, ACA fermentations were shown to follow a consistent fermentation progression, initially dominated by Enterobacteriaceae and a range of oxidative yeasts in the first month, then ceding to Saccharomyces spp. and Lactobacillales for the following year. After one year of fermentation, Brettanomyces bruxellensis was the dominant yeast population (occasionally accompanied by minor populations of Candida spp., Pichia spp., and other yeasts) and Lactobacillales remained dominant, though various aerobic bacteria became more prevalent. This work demonstrates that ACA exhibits a conserved core microbial succession in absence of inoculation, supporting the role of a resident brewhouse microbiota. These findings establish this core microbial profile of spontaneous beer fermentations as a target for production control points and quality standards for these beers.
The role of interleukin-17 during acute rejection after lung transplantation

Acute rejection (AR) is an important complication that can occur after lung transplantation and constitutes a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which is characterised by a neutrophilic airway inflammation. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-17, which promotes chemotaxis of neutrophils by inducing IL-8 production, in AR. Cell differentials, mRNA and protein levels were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) taken from patients at 28 and 90 days after lung transplantation. The patient's rejection status was assessed by transbronchial biopsy. An AR was found in nine out of the 26 patients examined, 28 days after transplantation. The number of BAL neutrophils and lymphocytes were increased in these patients. IL-17 mRNA and protein levels in the BAL were increased in patients with AR. Analysis of BAL obtained at day 90 after transplantation, demonstrated that the increase in IL-17 had disappeared, whereas the increase in neutrophils and lymphocytes persisted. These data showed that interleukin-17 is temporarily upregulated in bronchoalveolar lavage during acute rejection. The number of lymphocytes and neutrophils are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage during acute rejection and may persist up to 2 months after acute rejection. These findings suggest that interleukin-17 is important in the pathophysiology of acute lung rejection.
A review: fungal exposure assessment in indoor environments.

While the fungal exposure assessment was based on the determination of fungal propagules for a long time, recent progress has led to the development of methodology for other fungal agents, e.g. the fungal cell wall components, metabolites, and allergens, that may be responsible for health effects caused by fungal exposure. This review includes a summary of the sampling techniques and analytical methods that are currently used or are in progress for the fungal exposure assessment. Prospects for the future trends are also discussed. In the future, the development will focus on sampling techniques that allow longer sampling times, a higher sampling efficiency for relevant particle sizes, and better possibilities for a wide range of analyses. In addition, new or modified methodology based on chemical, immunochemical, and molecular biological techniques to measure fungal agents related to health effects will improve the understanding of biological responses caused by fungal exposure.
Decoding Provenance and Tectonothermal Events by Detrital Zircon Fission‐Track and U‐Pb Double Dating: A Case of the Southern Ordos Basin

Multi‐dating on the same detrital grains allows for determining multiple different geo‐thermochronological ages simultaneously and thus could provide more details about regional tectonics. In this paper, we carried out detrital zircon fission‐track and U‐Pb double dating on the Permian‐Middle Triassic sediments from the southern Ordos Basin to decipher the tectonic information archived in the sediments of intracratonic basins. The detrital zircon U‐Pb ages and fission‐track ages, together with lag time analyses, indicate that the Permian‐Middle Triassic sediments in the southern Ordos Basin are characterized by multiple provenances. The crystalline basement of the North China Craton (NCC) and recycled materials from pre‐Permian sediments that were ultimately sourced from the basement of the NCC are the primary provenance, while the Permian magmatites in the northern margin of NCC and Early Paleozoic crystalline rocks in Qinling Orogenic Collage act as minor provenance. In addition, the detrital zircon fission‐track age peaks reveal four major tectonothermal events, including the Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic post‐depositional tectonothermal event and three other tectonothermal events associated with source terrains. The Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic (225–179 Ma) tectonothermal event was closely related to the upwelling of deep material and energy beneath the southwestern Ordos Basin due to the coeval northward subduction of the Yangze Block and the following collision of the Yangze Block and the NCC. The Mid‐Late Permian (275–263 Ma) tectonothermal event was associated with coeval denudation in the northern part of the NCC and North Qinling terrane, resulting from the subduction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean toward the NCC. The Late Devonian‐early Late Carboniferous (348±33 Ma) tectonothermal event corresponded the long‐term denudation in the hinterland and periphery of the NCC because of the arc‐continent collisions in the northern and southern margins of the NCC. The Late Neoproterozoic (813–565 Ma) tectonothermal event was associated with formation of the Great Unconformity within the NCC and may be causally related to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup driven by a large‐scale mantle upwelling.
Monitoring Board Committee Structure and Market Valuation in Large Publicly Listed South African Corporations

We examine the association between the presence of monitoring board committees (i.e., audit, nomination, and remuneration) and market valuation in South Africa using a sample of listed corporations. We find a significant positive connection between the presence of monitoring board committees and market valuation, but only in corporations that have independent monitoring board committees and/or all three monitoring board committees that we have investigated simultaneously. This implies that the market values corporations with independent and/or the three monitoring board committees more highly. Our results provide empirical support for agency theory, which indicates that the presence of independent board committees increases the capacity of corporate boards to effectively advise, monitor and discipline top management, and thereby improving market valuation.
Experiment on the automatic detection of function clones in a software system using metrics

This paper presents a technique to automatically identify duplicate and near duplicate functions in a large software system. The identification technique is based on metrics extracted from the source code using the tool Datrix/sup TM/. This clone identification technique uses 21 function metrics grouped into four points of comparison. Each point of comparison is used to compare functions and determine their cloning level. An ordinal scale of eight cloning levels is defined. The levels range from an exact copy to distinct functions. The metrics, the thresholds and the process used are fully described. The results of applying the clone detection technique to two telecommunication monitoring systems totaling one million lines of source code are provided as examples. The information provided by this study is useful in monitoring the maintainability of large software systems.
Characterization of the Interannual Variability of Precipitation and Streamflow in Tensift and Ksob Basins (Morocco) and Links with the NAO

The aim of this study is to understand the inter-annual hydrological variability (precipitation and streamflow) in the basins of the High Atlas in Morocco and to determine how climate fluctuations (represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) climate index) are expressed in the hydrological system. To reach this objective, time series of precipitation and streamflow are processed as standardized anomalies and studied by continuous wavelet analysis and wavelet coherence analysis, which are particularly suitable for the study of unsteady processes. Wet and dry periods vary from one basin to another between three and five years. The wavelet analysis shows the existence of many bands of energy in most of the sub-basins, from annual to inter-annual scales regarding the precipitation and streamflow time series. These bands correspond to intervals of one year, 2–4 years, 4–8 years and 8–12 years. The wavelet coherence analysis shows a strong coherence between NAO/streamflow and precipitation/NAO identified at the inter-annual scale. Non-stationarity can be observed in the late 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The contribution of the NAO is different from one basin to another ranging between 67% and 77%.
Evaluation of pretest clinical score (4 T's) for the diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in two clinical settings

Summary. Background: Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic adverse drug reaction caused by heparin. As thrombocytopenia is common in hospitalized patients receiving heparin, it would be useful to have a clinical scoring system that could differentiate patients with HIT from those with other reasons for thrombocytopenia. Aim: To compare prospectively the diagnostic utility of a clinical score for HIT in two different clinical settings. Methods: The pretest clinical scoring system, the ‘4 T's’, was used to classify 100 consecutive patients referred for possible HIT in one hospital (Hamilton General Hospital, HGH) into high, intermediate, and low probability groups. This system was also used to classify likewise 236 patients by clinicians in Germany referring blood for diagnostic testing for HIT in Greifswald (GW). The clinical scores were correlated with the results of laboratory testing for HIT antibodies using the serologic criteria for HIT with high diagnostic specificity. Results: In both centers, patients with low scores were unlikely to test positive for HIT antibodies [HGH: 1/64 (1.6%), GW: 0/55 (0%)]. Patients with intermediate [HGH: 8/28 (28.6%), GW: 11/139 (7.9%)] or high scores [HGH: 8/8 (100%), GW: 9/42 (21.4%)] were more likely to test positive for clinically significant HIT antibodies. The positive predictive value of an intermediate or high clinical score for clinically significant HIT antibodies was higher at one center (HGH). Conclusions: A low pretest clinical score for HIT seems to be suitable for ruling out HIT in most situations (high‐negative predictive value). The implications of an intermediate or high score vary in different clinical settings.