Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Set Pair-Wavelet Analysis on Water Resources Compensation Characteristics of Fu River Basin

To solve the flood-drought coexistence issue by taking measures on water resources compensation (WRC), the set pair-wavelet analysis method (SPWAM) is proposed to study water resources compensation characteristics (WRCC); and Fu River Basin as a case, the uncertainty correlation and its periodic variation laws, which are implied in synchronous-asynchronous encounter probability of rich-poor rainfall and runoff, are researched; then the traditional methods are used to test the results; the conclusions obtained show that: in Fu River Basin, there is an uncertainty correlation of more synchronous(encounter) probability and little asynchronous(compensation) probability of rich-poor rainfall and runoff or runoff and runoff, and a variation law, which is of characteristics of multiple main cycles, is an alternate change of partial encounter and partial compensation in the correlation. These conclusions can provide better basis and condition to solve the flood-drought coexistence in the basin by adopting measures of WRC regulation and flood resources.
High Adherence to Iron/Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy Time among Antenatal and Postnatal Care Attendant Mothers in Governmental Health Centers in Akaki Kality Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Hierarchical Negative Binomial Poisson Regression

Background Iron deficiency during pregnancy is a risk factor for anemia, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Iron/Folic Acid supplementation with optimal adherence can effectively prevent anemia in pregnancy. However, studies that address this area of adherence are very limited. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the adherence and to identify factors associated with a number of Iron/Folic Acid uptake during pregnancy time among mothers attending antenatal and postnatal care follow up in Akaki kality sub city. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 557 pregnant women attending antenatal and postnatal care service. Systematic random sampling was used to select study subjects. The mothers were interviewed and the collected data was cleaned and entered into Epi Info 3.5. 1 and analyzed by R version 3.2. 0. Hierarchical Negative Binomial Poisson Regression Model was fitted to identify the factors associated with a number of Iron/Folic Acid uptake. Adjusted Incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the strength and significance of the association. Result More than 90% of the mothers were supplemented with at least one Iron/Folic Acid supplement from pill per week during their pregnancy time. Sixty percent of the mothers adhered (took four or more tablets per week) (95%CI, 56%—64.1%). Higher IRR of Iron/Folic Acid supplementation was observed among women: who received health education; which were privately employed; who achieved secondary education; and who believed that Iron/Folic Acid supplements increase blood, whereas mothers who reported a side effect, who were from families with relatively better monthly income, and who took the supplement when sick were more likely to adhere. Conclusion Adherence to Iron/Folic Acid supplement during their pregnancy time among mothers attending antenatal and postnatal care was found to be high. Activities that would address the above mentioned factors were highly recommended to ensure the sustainability of mothers’ adherence to the supplement.
Reduced roughness for improved mobility in benzodipyrrolidone-based, n-type OFETS

A series of six phenyl-flanked benzodipyrrolidone-based copolymers are designed and synthesised: three exhibit backbone in-plane curvature or torsional twisting, while the other three remain planar and linear. While the former may appear less crystalline by X-ray diffraction, they afford a smoother thin-film surface topology and increased electron mobility in top-gate, bottom-contact organic field-effect transistors.
Cortical Depth Dependence of the Diffusion Anisotropy in the Human Cortical Gray Matter In Vivo

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is typically used to study white matter fiber pathways, but may also be valuable to assess the microstructure of cortical gray matter. Although cortical diffusion anisotropy has previously been observed in vivo, its cortical depth dependence has mostly been examined in high-resolution ex vivo studies. This study thus aims to investigate the cortical depth dependence of the diffusion anisotropy in the human cortex in vivo on a clinical 3 T scanner. Specifically, a novel multishot constant-density spiral DTI technique with inherent correction of motion-induced phase errors was used to achieve a high spatial resolution (0.625×0.625×3 mm) and high spatial fidelity with no scan time penalty. The results show: (i) a diffusion anisotropy in the cortical gray matter, with a primarily radial diffusion orientation, as observed in previous ex vivo and in vivo studies, and (ii) a cortical depth dependence of the fractional anisotropy, with consistently higher values in the middle cortical lamina than in the deep and superficial cortical laminae, as observed in previous ex vivo studies. These results, which are consistent across subjects, demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for investigating the cortical depth dependence of the diffusion anisotropy in the human cortex in vivo.
Blending Germinated Maize, Pumpkin Pulp and Its Seed Improves Zinc and Vitamin a without Compromising Nutritive Value and Sensory Attributes of Local Complementary Food Porridge

Zinc and Vitamin A deficiencies are two of common nutritional problems of children in Ethiopia. Nutritious packed commercial complementary foods are beyond the reach of many Ethiopian households especially the rural poor. Therefore, an attempt was made to improve zinc and vitamin A contents of local complementary food porridge without reducing its nutritive value and compromising sensory property. Porridge samples were prepared from composite flours of 48hrs germinated maize, pumpkin pulp and its seed with ratio of 80%:10%:10%, 60%:20%:20% and 40%:30%:30% respectively. Control sample was prepared from 100% ungerminated maize. Zinc and vitamin A contents, proximate compositions and sensory analysis were conducted following standard procedures. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Blending significantly increased zinc and vitamin A contents, energy, protein, fat and fiber from 1.86 to 8.23 mg, 0.08 to 199.03 µg, 344.72 to 400.79 Kcal, 11.1 to 14.80 gm, 1.71 to 10.2 gm and 2.20 to 2.96 gm respectively in control and treatment group with blending ratio of 40%:30%:30%. Complementary food porridge prepared from composite flours showed acceptable sensory property. In conclusion, blending 48hrs germinated maize, pumpkin pulp and its seed improved zinc and vitamin A contents without reducing nutritive value and compromising sensory quality of the local complementary food porridge.
Graphene‐Assisted Antioxidation of Tungsten Disulfide Monolayers: Substrate and Electric‐Field Effect

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising materials to complement graphene for advanced optoelectronics. However, irreversible degradation of chemical vapor deposition‐grown monolayer TMDs via oxidation under ambient conditions limits applications of TMD‐based devices. Here, the growth of oxidation‐resistant tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayers on graphene is demonstrated, and the mechanism of oxidation of WS2 on SiO2, graphene/SiO2, and on graphene suspended in air is elucidated. While WS2 on a SiO2 substrate begins oxidation within weeks, epitaxially grown WS2 on suspended graphene does not show any sign of oxidation, attributed to the screening effect of surface electric field caused by the substrate. The control of a local oxidation of WS2 on a SiO2 substrate by a local electric field created using an atomic force microscope tip is also demonstrated.
Modeling Image Context Using Object Centered Grid

Context plays a valuable role in any image understanding task confirmed by numerous studies which have shown the importance of contextual information in computer vision tasks, like object detection, scene classification and image retrieval. Studies of human perception on the tasks of scene classification and visual search have shown that human visual system makes extensive use of contextual information as postprocessing in order to index objects. Several recent computer vision approaches use contextual information to improve object recognition performance. They mainly use global information of the whole image by dividing the image into several predefined subregions, so called fixed grid. In this paper we propose an alternative approach to retrieval of contextual information, by customizing the location of the grid based on salient objects in the image. We claim this approach to result in more informative contextual features compared to the fixed grid based strategy. To compare our results with the most relevant and recent papers, we use PASCAL 2007 data set. Our experimental results show an improvement in terms of Mean Average Precision.
Reassessing and Redirecting Research on Race and Sentencing

Drawing on a systematic assessment of the accumulated empirical literature and interviews with 25 race and sentencing scholars, this paper argues that the standard approach adopted in research on race and sentencing in criminology is insufficient for addressing the key underlying questions that motivate this work, including whether, where, how, and why race may matter. In light of this assessment, the paper lays out some additional directions for empirical research in this area that would bolster the validity and reliability of our knowledge about how race shapes sentencing and enhance the policy relevance of this work.
Optical properties of VO2 thin films in their dielectric and metallic states

Thermochromic VO2 thin films have been deposited by reactive RF cathodic sputtering, using a V2O4 target. They were characterized by XRD, AFM and optical measurements. We show that the microstructure influences the optical response of the material, i.e. its hysteresis cycle as well as the values of the optical constants n and k. We performed ellipsometric measurements from the UV to the far IR, combing two kinds of ellipsometers, in both the dielectric and the metallic states. The n and k constants are described by a dispersion law based on Lorentz oscillators, and an additional Drude contribution for the metallic state. The results are confirmed by XPS analysis. Contrary to the semiconductor phase, the metallic phase appears to be strongly dependent of the microstructure, as far as the optical response is concerned.
Accuracy of energy assessments in utility scale PV power plant using PlantPredict

The prediction methodology of First Solar's proprietary modeling tool PlantPredict was validated in two ways. First, 51 equivalent simulations were run in PVsyst and PlantPredict, indicating a mean energy yield difference of 0.13% ± 0.52% (1-sigma). Second, in-depth actual-expected analyses were performed on 20 utility scale systems with nearly 1 GWDC of First Solar CdTe modules installed. On average, PlantPredict underpredicted energy by 0.41% ± 2.01% (1-sigma) using First Solar's energy prediction guidance. Use of the Perez transposition model rather than the Hay & Davies model increased plane of array transposition error by 1.33%. The Hayes advanced thermal model reduced the hourly module temperature RMSE by 43%, but the annual module temperature model accuracy did not change significantly. Finally, computing spectral shift on an hourly basis was shown to not significantly increase model accuracy but reduced the standard deviation of daily model error by 4.25%.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors Related to Eating Out among University Students in China

In many countries the frequency of eating out has steadily increased over the last few decades, and this behavioris often associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. This study aimed to describe the levels of knowledge, attitude, and behaviors (KAB) related to eating out among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the college town in Chongqing, China with a total of 1634 participants. The mean eating out related KAB scores were: knowledge 11.5 ± 2.9, attitude 17.0 ± 2.8, and behaviors 24.2 ± 4.8 (possible total scores: 20, 24, 40 respectively). As the level of knowledge increased, the percentage of highly satisfactory attitude and behaviors increased. Only 10% of the participants did not eat out for lunch and dinner during weekends in the last month. Gender, ethnicity, mother’s education, monthly boarding expenses, living place during the study, and the frequency of eating out for breakfast were statistically associated with the scores of KAB. In conclusion, Chinese junior students had poor knowledge of and behaviors towards eating out and ate out frequently. Educational interventionsto improve knowledge related eating out are needed in order to promote healthy eating out behaviors among Chinese university students.
The Importance of Kinetics and Redox in the Biogeochemical Cycling of Iron in the Surface Ocean

It is now well established that Iron (Fe) is a limiting element in many regions of the open ocean. Our current understanding of the key processes which control iron distribution in the open ocean have been largely based on thermodynamic measurements performed under the assumption of equilibrium conditions. Using this equilibrium approach, researchers have been able to detect and quantify organic complexing ligands in seawater and examine their role in increasing the overall solubility of iron. Our current knowledge about iron bioavailability to phytoplankton and bacteria is also based heavily on carefully controlled laboratory studies where it is assumed the chemical species are in equilibrium in line with the free ion association model and/or its successor the biotic ligand model. Similarly most field work on iron biogeochemistry generally consists of a single profile which is in essence a “snap-shot” in time of the system under investigation. However it is well known that the surface ocean is an extremely dynamic environment and it is unlikely if thermodynamic equilibrium between all the iron species present is ever truly achieved. In sunlit waters this is mostly due to the daily passage of the sun across the sky leading to photoredox processes which alter Fe speciation by cycling between redox states and between inorganic and organic species. Episodic deposition events, dry and wet, are also important perturbations to iron cycling as they bring in new iron to the system and alter the equilibrium between iron species and phases. Here we utilize new field data collected in the open ocean on the complexation kinetics of iron in the surface ocean to identify the important role of weak iron binding ligands (i.e., those that cannot maintain iron in solution indefinitely at seawater pH: αFeL < αFe′) in allowing transient increases in iron solubility in response to iron deposition events. Experiments with the thermal O2- source SOTS-1 also indicate the short term impact of this species on iron solubility also with relevance to the euphotic zone. This data highlights the roles of kinetics, redox, and weaker iron binding ligands in the biogeochemical cycling of iron in the ocean.
An investigation into the population abundance distribution of mRNAs, proteins, and metabolites in biological systems

MOTIVATION Distribution analysis is one of the most basic forms of statistical analysis. Thanks to improved analytical methods, accurate and extensive quantitative measurements can now be made of the mRNA, protein and metabolite from biological systems. Here, we report a large-scale analysis of the population abundance distributions of the transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes from varied biological systems. RESULTS We compared the observed empirical distributions with a number of distributions: power law, lognormal, loglogistic, loggamma, right Pareto-lognormal (PLN) and double PLN (dPLN). The best-fit for mRNA, protein and metabolite population abundance distributions was found to be the dPLN. This distribution behaves like a lognormal distribution around the centre, and like a power law distribution in the tails. To better understand the cause of this observed distribution, we explored a simple stochastic model based on geometric Brownian motion. The distribution indicates that multiplicative effects are causally dominant in biological systems. We speculate that these effects arise from chemical reactions: the central-limit theorem then explains the central lognormal, and a number of possible mechanisms could explain the long tails: positive feedback, network topology, etc. Many of the components in the central lognormal parts of the empirical distributions are unidentified and/or have unknown function. This indicates that much more biology awaits discovery.
Feature Extraction Through LOCOCODE

Low-complexity coding and decoding (LOCOCODE) is a novel approach to sensory coding and unsupervised learning. Unlike previous methods, it explicitly takes into account the information-theoretic complexity of the code generator. It computes lococodes that convey information about the input data and can be computed and decoded by low-complexity mappings. We implement LOCOCODE by training autoassociators with flat minimum search, a recent, general method for discovering low-complexity neural nets. It turns out that this approach can unmix an unknown number of independent data sources by extracting a minimal number of low-complexity features necessary for representing the data. Experiments show that unlike codes obtained with standard autoencoders, lococodes are based on feature detectors, never unstructured, usually sparse, and sometimes factorial or local (depending on statistical properties of the data). Although LOCOCODE is not explicitly designed to enforce sparse or factorial codes, it extracts optimal codes for difficult versions of the bars benchmark problem, whereas independent component analysis (ICA) and principal component analysis (PCA) do not. It produces familiar, biologically plausible feature detectors when applied to real-world images and codes with fewer bits per pixel than ICA and PCA. Unlike ICA, it does not need to know the number of independent sources. As a preprocessor for a vowel recognition benchmark problem, it sets the stage for excellent classification performance. Our results reveal an interesting, previously ignored connection between two important fields: regularizer research and ICA-related research. They may represent a first step toward unification of regularization and unsupervised learning.
An Analysis of the Gain in Weight of Overfed Thin Young Men

Overfeeding of thin men 27 Muller, E. A. & Franz, H. (1952). Arbeitsphyriologie, 14, 499. Newburgh, L. H. (1950). In Clinical Nutrition, p. 689. [N. Jolliffe, B. F. Tisdall and P. R. Cannon, editors. ] New York: Paul B. Hoeber Inc. Odier, J. &Mach, R. S. (1949). Praxis, 38,384. Quoted by McCance, R. A. & Widdowson, E. M. (1951). Proc. roy. SOC. B, 138, 1x5. Passmore, R. , Meiklejohn, A. P., Dewar, A. D. & Thow, R. K. (1955). Brit. J. Nutr. 9, 27. Passmore, R. , Thomson, J. G. & Wamock, G . M. (1952). Bn’t. J. Nutr. 6, 253. Robertson, J. D. & Reid, D. D. (1952). Lancet, 262, 940.
Eurographics/ Ieee-vgtc Symposium on Visualization 2010 Brushing Moments in Interactive Visual Analysis

We present a systematic study of opportunities for the interactive visual analysis of multi-dimensional scientific data that is based on the integration of statistical aggregations along selected independent data dimensions in a framework of coordinated multiple views (with linking and brushing). Traditional and robust estimates of the four statistical moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) as well as measures of outlyingness are integrated in an iterative visual analysis process. Brushing particular statistics, the analyst can investigate data characteristics such as trends and outliers. We present a categorization of beneficial combinations of attributes in 2D scatterplots: (a) k th vs. (k + 1) th statistical moment of a traditional or robust estimate, (b) traditional vs. robust version of the same moment, (c) two different robust estimates of the same moment. We propose selected view transformations to iteratively construct this multitude of informative views as well as to enhance the depiction of the statistical properties in scatterplots and quantile plots. In the framework, we interrelate the original distributional data and the aggregated statistics, which allows the analyst to work with both data representations simultaneously. We demonstrate our approach in the context of two visual analysis scenarios of multi-run climate simulations.
Multiuser space-time block coded MIMO with downlink precoding

Space-time block codes (STBC) are powerful techniques to achieve full spatial diversity in Rayleigh fading channels with low decoding complexity. When channel state information is available to the transmitter, space-time block codes can be improved through the use of a transmit precoder chosen based in part on the current channel state. We investigate the downlink transmission of an Alamouti space-time block coded multiuser wireless system in which complete channel knowledge is available to the base transceiver station. A novel unitary precoder is proposed that, with enough antennas, can effectively precancel co-channel interference at each mobile user thus enabling simple single user space-time block decoding. It is shown that excess transmit antennas, beyond the minimum required for precancellation, can he used to further improve the diversity performance through careful selection of the precoding matrix. Though the derivation assumes perfect channel state information, the impact of estimation error is investigated by deriving a lower bound on the signal to interference plus noise ratio. Monte Carlo simulations show that our proposed downlink precoder can effectively cancel the interference between mobiles, while still providing good diversity performance.
Ribosomal and kDNA markers distinguish two subgroups of Herpetomonas among old species and new trypanosomatids isolated from flies.

We examined files of various families for the presence of trypanosomatids. Of 592 insects, 113 (19%) were positive. From these insects, we obtained 42 cultures and selected 14 for further analysis. Seven of the cultures had the characteristics of Herpetomonas species, they displayed typical opisthomastigotes, lacked arginase, possessed a Pvu II restriction site at 360 bp from the 5' end of the small subunit ribosomal gene, and did not possess a Hin dIII site at 1,500 bp from the ribosomal alpha-large subunit 5' end. Hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to the sequences flanking the Pvu II site in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai and Herpetomonas muscarum, permitted the distribution of the old species and the 7 isolates into 2 subgroups of Herpetomonas spp. Of the remaining 7 cultures, 4 were probably Leptomonas spp. , whereas the other 3, together with Herpetomonas roitmani, seem to constitute a novel group with morphological and molecular characteristics quite distinct from those of Herpetomonas spp. or any other genera of Trypanosomatidae. We also studied some trypanosomatid species of questionable taxonomic status, Leptomonas samueli and Phytomonas davidi yielded results identical to those of Herpetomonas spp. , thus confirming their already suspected affiliation to this genus. On the other hand, Herpetomonas anglusteri, Herpetomonas dedonderi, and Herpetomonas mcgheei displayed morphological and molecular characteristics incompatible with their placement in the genus Herpetomonas.