Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis Associated with Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most common global mental diseases, with prevalence of 1%. Patients with schizophrenia are predisposed to diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis, than the normal. In comparison with the metabolic syndrome, for instance, there are little reports about osteoporosis which occurs secondary to antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia. There are extensive recent works of literature indicating that osteoporosis is associated with schizophrenia particularly in patients under psychotropic medication therapy. As osteoporotic fractures cause significantly increased morbidity and mortality, it is quite necessary to raise the awareness and understanding of the impact of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia on physical health in schizophrenia. In this paper, we will review the relationship between schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication, hyperprolactinaemia, and osteoporosis.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF CONCENTRATIVE AND EQUILIBRATIVE NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORTERS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS AND MICE

Concentrative nucleoside transporters (Cnts) and equilibrative nucleoside transporters (Ents) have essential physiological functions and are important in disposition of anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogs. Information on tissue distribution of Cnts and Ents in rodents is sparse. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the distribution of Cnt1-3 and Ent1-3 transcripts in 19 tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice of both genders. These six transcripts were quantified using the branched DNA signal amplification assay. Cnt1 transcripts were highest in small intestine, followed by kidney and testes, with similar expression in both species. Cnt2 mRNA was expressed highest in the small intestine of both rats and mice, intermediate in liver of rats but not in mice, and lower in thymus and spleen of both species. Cnt3 mRNA has marked species differences, with the highest expression in lung of rats but uterus of mice. Ent1 mRNA was most highly expressed in testes and lung of both species. Ent1 mRNA was highly expressed in liver and pituitary of mice, but not in rats. Ent2 mRNA was highly expressed in testes and brain of both species. Ent3 mRNA was highest in kidney, followed by testes, in both species. Significant gender differences were observed in kidney (mouse) and heart (rat). These studies demonstrate that in general, tissue distribution of Cnt and Ent is similar in rats and mice. However, a few important species and gender differences do exist, which could be responsible for related differences in efficacy and toxicity of substrates for these transporters.
Attitudinal and Normative Factors as Determinants of Gay Men's Intentions to Perform AIDS-Related Sexual Behaviors: A Multisite Analysis1

The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the theory of reasoned action as a basis for understanding and predicting gay men's intentions to perform AIDS-related sexual behaviors. A total of 314 self-identified gay or bisexual men from Seattle, Denver, and Albany participated in the study. They were asked to indicate their intentions to perform 15 specific sexual behaviors chosen to represent different degrees of risk of contracting AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they were asked to respond to items measuring the attitudinal and normative considerations regarding each behavior. As expected, the results showed that the gay men's intentions were significantly predicted by the two factors. More interesting, it was found that, although attitudes are consistently the more important determinants of intentions for all the respondents, the importance of normative considerations varies across cities. This difference in normative considerations is interpreted in light of the differences in the structure of the three gay communities. Implications for designing sample-specific intervention programs are discussed.
National study of adverse reactions after vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin.

Few large prospective studies of adverse reactions after bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination are available. In a prospective national study of such adverse reactions among 918 subjects (aged 1 day to 54 years) over a 14-month period, 45 vaccinees (5%) reported 53 adverse reactions (23 injection-site abscesses, 14 severe local reactions, 10 cases of lymphadenitis, and 6 other reactions). Only 1% of vaccinees required medical attention. Reactions, particularly lymphadenitis, were significantly less common in infants <6 months old (but not in subjects aged > or =6 months) vaccinated by trained (vs. untrained) providers (relative risk [RR], 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.68). Injection-site abscesses (RR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.11-7.90) and severe local reactions (RR, 4.93; 95% CI, 1.11-21.90) were significantly more common in older vaccinees. Local reactions were more frequently reported by adult females than by adult males (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 1.59-32.45). Adverse reactions were not significantly associated with any currently available vaccine batch, previous receipt of BCG vaccine, or concomitant administration of other vaccines.
Genetic Dissection of a Mitochondria-Vacuole Signaling Pathway in Yeast Reveals a Link between Chronic Oxidative Stress and Vacuolar Iron Transport*

Deletion of two homologous genes, MRS3 and MRS4, that encode mitochondrial iron transporters affects the activity of the vacuolar iron importer Ccc1. Ccc1 levels are decreased in Δmrs3Δmrs4 cells, but the activity of the transporter is increased, resulting is reduced cytosolic iron. Overexpression of CCC1 in Δmrs3Δmrs4 cells results in a severe growth defect due to decreased cytosolic iron, referred to as the mitochondria-vacuole signaling (MVS) phenotype. Mutants were identified that suppress the MVS growth defect, and FRA1 was identified as a gene that suppresses the MVS phenotype. Overexpression of FRA1 suppresses altered transition metal metabolism in Δmrs3Δmrs4 cells, whereas deletion of FRA1 is synthetically lethal with Δmrs3Δmrs4. Fra1 binds to Tsa1, which encodes a thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase. Deletion of TSA1 or TRR1 is synthetically lethal in Δmrs3Δmrs4 cells, suggesting that Δmrs3Δmrs4 cells generate reactive oxygen metabolites. The generation of reactive oxygen metabolites in Δmrs3Δmrs4 cells was confirmed by use of the reporter molecule 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. These results suggest that mitochondria-induced oxidant damage is responsible for activating Ccc1 and that Fra1 and Tsa1 can reduce oxidant damage.
Reassembly of JIP1 Scaffold Complex in JNK MAP Kinase Pathway Using Heterologous Protein Interactions

Formation of signaling protein complexes is crucial for proper signal transduction. Scaffold proteins in MAP kinase pathways are thought to facilitate complex assembly, thereby promoting efficient and specific signaling. To elucidate the assembly mechanism of scaffold complexes in mammals, we attempted to rationally rewire JIP1-dependent JNK MAP kinase pathway via alternative assembly of JIP1 complex. When JIP1-JNK docking interaction in the complex was replaced with heterologous protein interaction domains, such as PDZ domains and JNK-binding domains, a functional scaffold complex was reconstituted, and JNK signaling was rescued. Reassembly of JIP1 complex using heterologous protein interactions was sufficient for restoring of JNK MAP kinase pathway to induce signaling responses, including JNK activation and cell death. These results suggest a simple yet modular mechanism for JIP1 scaffold assembly in mammals.
Parathyroid hormone assay in fine‐needle aspirate is useful in differentiating inadvertently sampled parathyroid tissue from thyroid lesions

To assess the utility of chemical analysis for parathyroid hormone in the rinse (PTH‐r) obtained via fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in the setting of inadvertently sampled parathyroid tissue or lesions (PTL) during “thyroid” or “neck” FNA, the authors review their experience at a large, tertiary care academic medical center. All cases of inadvertent sampling of PTL during “thyroid” or “neck” FNA were identified by computer search. The cytologic and histologic material was reviewed and pertinent clinical data including patient demographics, serum calcium, intact serum PTH (PTH‐s), and intact PTH‐r was recorded. The cytologic interpretations and histologic diagnoses were also recorded. Of 3,521 cases of total thyroid and neck FNA during the study 21 (0.59%) cases of histologically confirmed sampling of PTL were identified. In all 10 cases with PTH‐r the level was markedly elevated (range 248–240,075 pg/mL) and in every case PTH‐r/PTH‐s was elevated (range 3.67–458.3). In all 10 cases with PTH‐r the cytologic diagnosis was PTL or included PTL in the differential. In 4/11 cases without PTL‐r diagnoses of thyroid neoplasm or suspicious for thyroid neoplasm were rendered, each resulting in thyroidectomy. PTH‐r has utility in differentiating PTL from thyroid lesions in the setting of inadvertent sampling of PTL during thyroid or neck FNA. Cellular specimens with features not typical for thyroid lesions should be triaged for PTL‐r. Routine use of PTH‐r will result in appropriate triage of patients to less aggressive excisional biopsies rather than unnecessary thyroidectomy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:227–231. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Kenyan schoolchildren aged 3‐15 years and risk factors for infection

Objectives To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Kenyan schoolchildren aged 3‐15 years and the risk factors for infection. Design A cross‐sectional survey and study of risk factors. Subjects Primary‐school children in Trans Nzoia district, Kenya. Methods Hp status was determined using the 13C‐urea breath test. Risk factors were assessed using a structured interview schedule. Results Of 205 children interviewed, valid breath test results were obtained for 192 (93.7%), of whom 155 (80.7% (95% Cl 75.2‐86.3)) were infected. Univariate analysis showed weak associations between Hp infection and rural areas (location of home, Relative Risk (RR) = 1.2 (1.0‐1.4); location of school, RR = 1.2 (1.0‐1.3)) and lower socio‐economic status (RR = 1.2 (1.0‐1.4)). Access to only a pit‐latrine in the home (RR = 1.2 (1.0‐1.4)) and platesharing with other family members in the home also increased the likelihood of Hp infection (RR = 1.3 (1.1‐1.6)). However, after logistic regression modelling only plate‐sharing in the home remained as an independent risk factor (odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (1.3‐6.3)). Conclusions The prevalence of Hp infection in Kenyan schoolchildren aged 3‐15 years is already high, suggesting that most acquisition occurs before age 3 years. Children who normally shared a plate with other family members during meals in the home had a higher prevalence of infection, suggesting that oro‐oral transmission may be important in this population. Future studies in developing countries should focus on younger children (before age 3 years), and consider the possibility of adult‐child, oro‐oral transmission in order to establish likely modes of transmission. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:483‐487
Implementing a government-wide monitoring and evaluation system in South Africa

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an extremely complex, multidisciplinary and skill intensive endeavor. Government-wide M&E is even more so because it requires detailed knowledge across and within sectors, as well as of interactions among planning, budgeting, and implementation functions in the public sector. The situation is complicated even further when the machinery of government is decentralized, with powers and functions distributed across three spheres of government. This paper outlines the process of implementing a government-wide monitoring and evaluation (GWM&E) system in South Africa. The first section sketches the context that created the impetus for establishing such a system. This context is clearly shaping the evolution of the system and influencing its longer-term sustainability. The second section outlines the various stages of conceptualizing and implementing the GWM&E system, which is currently very much a 'work in progress. ' The third section reviews international experiences for lessons learned, which may also be germane to the South African context, noting similarities and differences in approach. Some of the critical implementation factors relate to the role of political leadership and championing of M&E, incentives for promoting usage of M&E findings, dealing with information and data constraints, capacity building, "ownership" of the M&E system by line ministries and other agencies, and managing the challenges of change. The fourth section examines a range of challenges and difficulties encountered in South Africa. The final section reflects on lessons distilled from the South African experience to date.
Linking a conceptual framework on systems thinking with experiential knowledge

This paper addresses a systemic approach for the study of fishers’ ecological knowledge in order to describe fishers’ ways of knowing and dealing with complexity in ecosystems, and discusses how knowledge is generated through, e.g. apprenticeship, experiential knowledge, and testing of hypotheses. The description and analysis of fishers’ ecological knowledge has been done using the Structure–Dynamics–Functions conceptual framework. Fishers identify 5–50 feeding interactions (Structure), recognize populations’ dynamics over time, and, the impact of external factors (climate change, water quality and overfishing) (Dynamics) and finally, acknowledge different values or services (Functions) of the ecosystem (drinking water and fishing). Knowing about these three main aspects seems to be core knowledge embedded in fishers’ ecological knowledge, which comprises systems thinking. Systems thinking is arguably part of fishers’ professional skills and significant for sustainable natural resource management yet understanding ecosystem complexity is also a cognitive challenge.
Children's Attachment Relationships: Can Attachment Data Be Used in Child Custody Evaluations?

The applicability of attachment theory to the practice of performing child custody evaluations has been a topic of interest in the literature, yet there remains a chasm between research and practice. Evaluating the quality of parent-child relationships is a central task of custody evaluators; however, the field has not been well informed by the vast scientific knowledge base forged by attachment theory. Current practice among custody evaluators involves the use of terminology and conclusions that often distort the findings from attachment research. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the key concepts in attachment, to describe select attachment assessment tools and their potential applicability to the custody evaluation context, and to provide models for potential integration of attachment research in evaluations. Given the limited research pertaining to the use of such instruments within a forensic setting, the need for research evaluating key attachment assessment tools among child custody litigants is highlighted.
The Syllable Structure and Aspect Morphology of Isthmus Zapotec

Nouvelle analyse de la structure syllabique du zapotec de l'Isthme. Les segments percu comme des glides pre-vocaliques sont parfois en position d'attaque, et parfois en position de rime syllabique. L'auteur fait ensuite appel a la structure syllabique pour analyser la morphologie aspectuelle du verbe
Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic analysis of perfusion in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate perfusion of abdominal organs in healthy cats by use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. ANIMALS 10 young healthy anesthetized cats. PROCEDURES Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the liver, left kidney, pancreas, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes was performed on anesthetized cats. RESULTS Typical perfusion patterns were found for each of the studied organs. Differences in perfusion among organs were associated with specific physiologic features. The liver was enhanced gradually and had a more heterogeneous perfusion pattern because of its dual blood supply and close proximity to the diaphragm, compared with other organs. An obvious and significant difference in perfusion was detected between the renal cortex and medulla. No significant differences in perfusion were detected among the pancreas, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be used in cats to estimate organ perfusion as in other species. Observed differences in perfusion variables can be mostly explained by physiologic differences in vascularity.
The Application and Efficacy of Combined Neurofeedback Therapy and Imagery Training in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome

We aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined neurofeedback therapy and imagery training in adolescent patients with refractory Tourette syndrome. Two patients, aged respectively 14 and 16 years, had been treated with haloperidol and tiapride; however, this medication was ineffective and accompanied by intolerable side effects. In this study, the patients completed 80 sessions of neurofeedback treatment followed by imagery training. The patients were assessed with behavior rating scales both before and after the treatment as well as during follow-up examinations to evaluate the effect of the combined therapy. Patients showed significant improvement in motor tic and vocal tic symptoms, exemplified by a reduction in the frequency and intensity of tics, indicating that neurofeedback, together with imagery training, has a positive therapeutic effect on adolescent patients with medication-refractory Tourette syndrome.
Evaluation of Operating Time and Patient Perception Using Conventional Impression Taking and Intraoral Scanning for Crown Manufacture: A Split-mouth, Randomized Clinical Study.

PURPOSE To compare operating time and patient perception of conventional impression (CI) taking and intraoral scanning (IOS) for manufacture of a tooth-supported crown. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 19 patients needing indirect full-coverage restorations fitting the requirements for a split-mouth design were recruited. Each patient received two lithium disilicate crowns, one manufactured from CI taking and one from IOS. Both teeth were prepared following the manufacturers' recommendations. For both impression techniques, two retraction cords soaked in 15% ferric sulphate were used for tissue management. CIs were taken in a full-arch metallic tray using one-step, two-viscosity technique with polyvinyl siloxane silicone. The operating time for each step of the two impression methods was registered. Patient perception associated with each method was scored using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), with 100 indicating maximum discomfort. RESULTS Median total operating time for CI taking was 15:47 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 15:18 to 17:30), and for IOS was 5:05 minutes (IQR 4:35 to 5:23). The median VAS score for patient perception was 73 (IQR 16 to 89) for CI taking and 6 (IQR 2 to 9) for IOS. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < .05) for both parameters. CONCLUSION IOS was less time consuming than CI taking, and patient perception was in favor of IOS.
The Impact of Short-Term Counseling at a Domestic Violence Shelter

Objective: Women who received counseling at a domestic violence shelter were evaluated with several measures to determine the impact of the services they received. Method: A pretest and posttest design using clinical measures for life functioning and coping ability along with posttest-only measures of satisfaction and helpfulness of service were used to assess the outcomes of their counseling and other social work services at the agency. Results: Significant improvement on clinical measures of life functioning as well as coping ability along with a sense of being helped and satisfied with the social work services received are noted. Conclusions: Counseling along with a supportive agency milieu prove beneficial to women seeking services for partner abuse. Limitations of this study are also noted.
A Support Vector/Hidden Markov Model Approach to Phoneme Recognition

A novel method for classifying frames of speech waveforms to a given set of phoneme classes is proposed. The method involves combining an approximation to multiple smoothing spline logistic regression (known as the “Support Vector Machine” in the machine learning literature) with hidden Markov models (HMMs). The method is compared with the standard technique in the speech recognition literature, that of HMMs with Gaussian mixture models. Both models were trained and tested using data drawn from the publicly available TIMIT database. Our results show that the two types of models are competitive for this data, but have very different structures. Such differences can be used to improve recognition rates by combining the two types of classifiers.
Adapting level of detail in user interfaces for Cybersecurity operations

As cybersecurity threats increasingly appear in news headlines, the security industry continues to build state of the art firewall and intrusion detection systems for monitoring activities in complex cyber networks. These systems generate millions of log files and continuous alerts. In order to make sense of cyber data, cyber security and system administrators review and analyze millions of logs using highly summarized views and manual cycles of click-intensive details-on-demand. This is laborious, induces cognitive overload, and is prone to errors resulting in important information and impacts not being seen when most needed. Our research focus is on developing “FocalPoint” a system that provides Adaptive Level of Detail (LOD) in user interfaces for cybersecurity operations. FocalPoint is a recommender system tailored for complex network information structures that reasons about contextual information associated with the network, user tasks, and cognitive load. This facilitates tuning cyber visualization displays thereby improving user performance in perception, comprehension and projection of current Cybersecurity Situational Awareness (Cyber SA). For cyber analysts, having the right information, in context, when most needed without cognitive overload could lead to effective decision making in cyber operations. We provide a use case scenario for FocalPoint with an in-progress prototype and highlight various challenges and potential considerations for building an effective adaptive system.
Aggression in Pretend Play and Aggressive Behavior in the Classroom

Research Findings: Pretend play is an essential part of child development and adjustment. However, parents, teachers, and researchers debate the function of aggression in pretend play. Different models of aggression predict that the expression of aggression in play could either increase or decrease actual aggressive behavior. The current study examined pretend play and classroom behavior in preschoolers. Children (N = 59) were administered a measure of pretend play, and teacher ratings of classroom behavior were obtained. Pretend play skills were positively associated with prosocial behavior in the classroom and negatively associated with physical aggression in the classroom. In particular, expression of oral aggression in play related to less physical aggression and more prosocial behavior in the classroom. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest that pretend play should be encouraged, as these skills relate to positive behaviors in the classroom. In addition, it was found that aggression in pretend play was not an indicator of actual aggressive behavior, as it related to positive behaviors in the classroom. Implications for parents and teachers are discussed.