Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hsd11b2 Haploinsufficiency in Mice Causes Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Mechanistically, abnormal mineralocorticoid action and subclinical renal impairment may blunt the natriuretic response to high sodium intake, causing blood pressure to rise. 11&bgr;-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11&bgr;HSD2) controls ligand access to the mineralocorticoid receptor, and ablation of the enzyme causes severe hypertension. Polymorphisms in HSD11B2 are associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in normotensives. In this study, we used mice heterozygote for a null mutation in Hsd11b2 (Hsd11b2+/−) to define the mechanisms linking reduced enzyme activity to salt sensitivity of blood pressure. A high-sodium diet caused a rapid and sustained increase in blood pressure in Hsd11b2+/− mice but not in wild-type littermates. During the adaptation to high-sodium diet, heterozygotes displayed impaired sodium excretion, a transient positive sodium balance, and hypokalemia. After 21 days of high-sodium feeding, Hsd11b2+/− mice had an increased heart weight. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism partially prevented the increase in heart weight but not the increase in blood pressure. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism prevented the rise in blood pressure. In Hsd11b2+/− mice, high-sodium feeding caused suppression of aldosterone and a moderate but sustained increase in corticosterone. This study demonstrates an inverse relationship among 11&bgr;HSD2 activity, heart weight, and blood pressure in a clinically important context. Reduced activity causes salt sensitivity of blood pressure, but this does not reflect illicit activation of mineralocorticoid receptors by glucocorticoids. Instead, we have identified a novel interaction among 11&bgr;HSD2, dietary salt, and circulating glucocorticoids.
On the multiplicity of parts in a random partition

Let λ be a partition of an integer n chosen uniformly at random among all such partitions. Let s(λ) be a part size chosen uniformly at random from the set of all part sizes that occur in λ. We prove that, for every fixed m≥1, the probability that s(λ) has multiplicity m in λ approaches 1/(m(m+1)) as n∞. Thus, for example, the limiting probability that a random part size in a random partition is unrepeated is 1/2. In addition, (a) for the average number of different part sizes, we refine an asymptotic estimate given by Wilf, (b) we derive an asymptotic estimate of the average number of parts of given multiplicity m, and (c) we show that the expected multiplicity of a randomly chosen part size of a random partition of n is asymptotic to (log n)/2. The proofs of the main result and of (c) use a conditioning device of Fristedt. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 14, 185–197, 1999
Goal pursuit, motivation and the experience of positive and negative affect in young people : an experience sampling study

The study reported in this thesis aimed to test a psychological model of goaldirected behaviour in a sample of young adults, using experience sampling methods. The purpose was to assess the relationship between goal-related appraisals of success and importance, and fluctuations in both positive and negative affect as well as levels of ruminative thought. The influence of individual differences in transdiagnostic factors relating to motivation and anhedonia, as well as symptoms of depression, rumination and schizotypy were also considered. An analogue sample of non-clinical young adults was recruited and took part in this six-day intensive, longitudinal study. Subjective reports of momentary affect, rumination, and goal appraisals were assessed five times daily for six days. Baseline measures relating to symptoms of psychopathology, motivation and anhedonia were also administered. Using multilevel modelling, the relationship between goal appraisals and affective and ruminative responses could be analysed within the context of the days and individuals that they occurred. Results suggested that appraisals of success were associated with higher levels of momentary positive affect and lower levels of momentary negative affect and rumination. While importance was positively associated with momentary rumination, the expected interaction between success and importance was not found. Individual differences in depression symptoms and schizotypy were differentially associated with reduced momentary positive affect, whereas individual differences in trait rumination were differentially associated with increased momentary negative affect and rumination. There was some evidence that individual differences in depression symptoms were also associated with reduced overall enjoyment and goal success during the experience sampling period. GOAL PURSUIT, MOTIVATION AND THE EXPERIENCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT IN YOUNG PEOPLE: AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING STUDY iii T. Dahm These findings are relevant to our understanding of goal-directed behaviour, and how goal appraisals influence positive affect as well as negative affect and rumination. The results suggest that targeting appraisals of success and increasing activities that provide experiences of mastery and pleasure may be an important aspect of clinical interventions.
The 1.0 A crystal structure of Ca(2+)-bound calmodulin: an analysis of disorder and implications for functionally relevant plasticity.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly conserved 17 kDa eukaryotic protein that can bind specifically to over 100 protein targets in response to a Ca(2+) signal. Ca(2+)-CaM requires a considerable degree of structural plasticity to accomplish this physiological role; however, the nature and extent of this plasticity remain poorly characterized. Here, we present the 1.0 A crystal structure of Paramecium tetraurelia Ca(2+)-CaM, including 36 discretely disordered residues and a fifth Ca(2+) that mediates a crystal contact. The 36 discretely disordered residues are located primarily in the central helix and the two hydrophobic binding pockets, and reveal correlated side-chain disorder that may assist target-specific deformation of the binding pockets. Evidence of domain displacements and discrete backbone disorder is provided by translation-libration-screw (TLS) analysis and multiconformer models of protein disorder, respectively. In total, the evidence for disorder at every accessible length-scale in Ca(2+)-CaM suggests that the protein occupies a large number of hierarchically arranged conformational substates in the crystalline environment and may sample a quasi-continuous spectrum of conformations in solution. Therefore, we propose that the functionally distinct forms of CaM are less structurally distinct than previously believed, and that the different activities of CaM in response to Ca(2+) may result primarily from Ca(2+)-mediated alterations in the dynamics of the protein.
Mucosal Advancement Flap Versus Primary Closure After Vermilionectomy of the Lower Lip

BACKGROUND Post‐vermilionectomy defect closure by a mucosal advancement flap is a well‐established method, although moderate morbidity may accompany the procedure, especially in elderly patients. The objective of the present study was to compare a simple primary closure (PC) for reconstruction after complete resection of the vermilion (vermilionectomy) with closure using a mucosal advancement flap (MAF). METHODS After margin‐controlled vermilionectomy, 18 patients with actinic cheilitis (n=5) or squamous cell carcinoma in situ (n=13) of the lower lip were included in the present study. Patients were randomized into one group receiving PC (n=8) and a second group receiving MAF closure (n=10) for reconstruction of the surgical defect on the lower lip. All complications, esthetic outcomes (EOs), and cut–suture times were documented. RESULTS In the MAF group, patients' mean EO score on a 10‐point scale was 8.4, and the surgeons' mean EO rate was 7.8. In the PC group the patients' mean EO score was 7.5 and the surgeons' mean EO rate was 6.4 for the reconstruction achieved. The rate of side effects was significantly higher in the MAF group than in the PC group (p<.05). The cut–suture times were significantly shorter for PC (29 minutes) than MAF (37.8 minutes; p<.05). CONCLUSION MAF is the method of choice and has good functional and cosmetic outcomes, although elderly patients with different comorbidities that need to be protected from unnecessary strain could potentially benefit from PC. &NA; The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, AND MENTAL HEALTH IN SUBSTANCE DEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS IN COMPARISON TO HEALTHY CONTROLS

Introduction: Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory normal and non-normal personality are located along a continuum. This study aimed to the compare activity of brain/behavioral systems and mental health in addicts and normal individuals based on Jeffrey Gray theory. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in year 2009. Fifty with substance dependence (opium 26, heroin18 and cocaine 6) and 50 healthy persons as control group, chosen by at hand sampling method were matched by age, sex, and level of education. Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire and depression, anxiety, Stress scales were used. Data were analyzed by t-test in independent groups. Results: There was a significant between groups difference found in both behavioral activation and inhibition systems ( P <0.05), but not in fight/flight system ( P >0.05). There was also and also a significant difference found in depression, anxiety and stress between the two groups ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis of reinforcement sensitivity theory about substance dependent individuals.
Stability and social-behavioral consequences of toddlers' inhibited temperament and parenting behaviors.

A prospective longitudinal design was employed to ascertain whether different types of behavioral inhibition (i.e., traditional, peer-social) were stable from toddler to preschool age, and whether inhibited temperament and/or parenting style would predict children's subsequent social and behavioral problems. At Time 1, 108 toddlers (54 males, 54 females) and their mothers were observed in the Traditional Inhibition Paradigm and in a toddler-peer session; then at age 4 years, 88 children were observed with unfamiliar peers, and maternal ratings of psychological functioning were obtained. How mothers and their toddlers interacted was also observed. Results revealed meaningful connections between toddler inhibition, maternal intrusive control and derision, and nonsocial behaviors at age 4. Both forms of toddler inhibition predicted socially reticent behavior during free play at 4 years. If mothers demonstrated relatively high frequencies of intrusive control and/or derisive comments, then the association between their toddlers' peer inhibition and 4-year social reticence was significant and positive; whereas if mothers were neither intrusive nor derisive, then toddlers' peer inhibition and 4-year reticence were not significantly associated. Thus, maternal behaviors moderated the relation between toddlers' peer inhibition and preschoolers' social reticence.
A stability theorem in rewriting theory

One key property of the /spl lambda/-calculus is that there exists a minimal computation (the head-reduction) M/spl rarr//sup e/V from a /spl lambda/-term M to the set of its head-normal forms. Minimality here means categorical "reflectivity" i.e. that every reduction path M/spl rarr//sup f/W to a head-normal form W factors (up to redex permutation) to a path M/spl rarr//sup e/V/spl rarr//sup h/W. This paper establishes a stability a la Berry or poly-reflectivity theorem [D, La, T] which extends the minimality property to rewriting systems with critical pairs. The theorem is proved in the setting of axiomatic rewriting systems where sets of head-normal forms are characterised by their frontier property in the spirit of J. Glauert and Z. Khasidashvili (1996).
Finding meaning in the every day: An in-depth investigation of meaningful work experiences

Previous research on the meaning of work has focused primarily on static perceptions of the meaning of one’s job or work in general, neglecting any dynamic experience of meaning. This study took a daily diary approach to understand narratives of the daily events individuals find meaningful, examining both within-individual and between-individual effects. Additionally, individual differences, including personality, gender, age, and transformational leadership, were examined as predictors of the frequency, intensity, and types of meaningful daily events. The influence of leadership, in particular, was found to be a major contribution to meaningful work experiences, providing support for transformational leadership theory. Finally, the current study examined work performance and affect as outcomes of experiencing daily meaning on the job, finding that the experience of meaningful work events was an important predictor of daily positive affect. Implications and recommendations for future research are also highlighted.
Visceral adipose tissue accumulation, cardiorespiratory fitness, and features of the metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that overweight and obese individuals with an adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), the so-called fat and fit, are at reduced risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS To determine whether individuals with low CRF have more visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation compared with individuals with high CRF and to verify whether low CRF is associated with a poorer metabolic profile, we performed a cross-sectional study of 169 asymptomatic men without diabetes mellitus (mean +/- SD body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 25.9 +/- 4.4; and mean +/- SD age, 37.1 +/- 14.0 years). Abdominal AT accumulation, CRF, and indexes of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis and of the lipoprotein-lipid profile were measured. RESULTS More visceral AT accumulation was observed among men in the lowest tertile of CRF compared with men in the highest tertile of CRF (mean +/- SD, 139.6 +/- 70.2 cm2 vs 74.7 +/- 41.6 cm2; P < .001). Overall, the plasma lipoprotein-lipid profiles were more favorable in men with a high CRF compared with individuals with a low CRF, as men with a low CRF had higher triglyceride (mean +/- SD, 161 +/- 73 mg/dL vs 99 +/-45 mg/dL; P < .001) and apolipoprotein B (mean +/- SD, 106 +/- 23 mg/dL vs 89 +/- 24 mg/dL; P < .009) levels and an increased total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (mean +/- SD, 5.27 +/- 1.00 vs 3.96 +/- 1.17; P = .002) than men with high CRF. After matching individuals with similar body mass index values but with high or low CRF, men with low CRF were characterized by more visceral AT accumulation than men with high CRF (mean +/- SD, 114.4 +/- 59.9 cm2 vs 87.8 +/- 49.1 cm2; P < .007) and by a poorer metabolic profile. However, when matched for visceral AT accumulation, such differences were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION This study underlines the importance of visceral AT accumulation in the previously reported association between CRF and metabolic complications predictive of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Heuristic Planning for PDDL+ Domains

Planning with hybrid domains modelled in PDDL+ has been gaining research interest in the Automated Planning community in recent years. Hybrid domain models capture a more accurate representation of real world problems that involve continuous processes than is possible using discrete systems. However, solving problems represented as PDDL+ domains is very challenging due to the construction of complex system dynamics, including non-linear processes and events. In this paper we introduce DiNo, a new planner capable of tackling complex problems with non-linear system dynamics governing the continuous evolution of states. DiNo is based on the discretise-and-validate approach and uses the novel Staged Relaxed Planning Graph+ (SRPG+) heuristic, which is introduced in this paper. Although several planners have been developed to work with subsets of PDDL+ features, or restricted forms of processes, DiNo is currently the only heuristic planner capable of handling non-linear system dynamics combined with the full PDDL+ feature set.
Subjective outcomes after knee arthroplasty

Outcome questionnaires are increasingly being established as a validated mode of acquiring unbiased information on the results after health interventions. Using an assortment of questionnaires, distributed by mail to 27 372 and to a subgroup of 3 600 patients on file in the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty register (SKAR), relevant questionnaires were found to represent a feasable means of acquiring information regarding these elderly patients in a cross-sectional design. In the process, one of the questionnaires, the Oxford-12-item score, was translated and validated into Swedish. On balance, using parameters like patient burden, feasability, content validity and reliability, the SF-12 and the Oxford-12 ranked as the most appropriate general and disease specific questionnaire, respectively, in the context of the SKAR . Even a global single-item questionnaire, however, can yield usable information. Over-all response rates were generally high, in the order of 90%, higher for the shorter questionnaires. Satisfaction was primarily linked to the absence of pain. All questionnaires, both general health as well as knee specific ones, were found to be highly susceptible to bias by patient co-morbidity. Hence, even the single question of ”how does your knee feel”, proved influenced by, say, heart aches. For some questionnaires, the scores were biased by more than 100%. Preoperative WOMAC scores were shown to be predictive of the postoperative outcome. (Less)
Projective Compactiﬁcation of R 1 , 1 and Its Möbius Geometry

We examine the semi-Riemannian manifold R 1 , 1 , which is realized as the split complex plane, and its conformal compactiﬁcation as an analogue of the complex plane and the Riemann sphere. We also consider conformal maps on the compactiﬁcation and study some of their basic properties.
Cranial growth unrestricted during treatment of deformational plagiocephaly.

OBJECTIVES The Dynamic Orthotic Cranioplasty (DOC) Band(TM) is a cranial orthosis used to treat deformational plagiocephaly. The ability of this device to redirect growth and thus, improve craniofacial asymmetry has raised concerns regarding the potential restriction of cranial growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of the head during correction of plagiocephaly. METHODS The study sample consisted of 190 children: 81 females (42. 6%) and 109 males (57.4%) All patients had been diagnosed with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly, did not have other significant medical conditions, were compliant with DOC protocol, and had complete anthropometric measurements at entrance and exit from treatment. Growth of the head was evaluated using head circumference, maximum cranial width and maximum cranial length. Correction of plagiocephaly was evaluated by documenting the reduction of craniofacial asymmetry of the cranial vault, skull base and face. Paired t tests were used to assess the significance of changes in these anthropometric measurements. Differences were considered significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS Average entrance age was 6.5 months with a mean treatment time of 4.1 months. Statistical analysis demonstrated highly significant reductions in asymmetry in all three regions (p < 0.001). More importantly, these corrections were achieved with synchronous growth of the skull as demonstrated by highly significant increases (p < 0.001) in head circumference, maximum cranial width and maximum cranial length. CONCLUSIONS These findings document statistically significant increases in cranial growth in association with concomitant reductions of the cranial asymmetries associated with deformational plagiocephaly.
A dual instructional model for computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software integrating faculty member and specialized instructor: Implementation, reflections, and recommendations

Teaching qualitative methods to students has become more frequent in social work programs. The use of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software has also increased. Improper use of these software programs, however, can lead to misinterpretation of qualitative data. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software instruction has evolved in an ad hoc manner in spite of the importance of correct use of this software. This results in a lack of thorough knowledge of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software or knowledge of the software that poorly incorporates qualitative methodology. We propose a new model that addresses these barriers by incorporating computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software instruction with qualitative inquiry via a dual instruction method. This model centers on the collaboration between the qualitative faculty instructor and a specialized computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software trainer. The result of this is integration of qualitative research knowledge with computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software skills. Both the faculty member and specialized computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software trainer have the opportunity to work with the students and collaborate with one another. This paper describes the new model, including its conception and requirements for its implementation. We discuss our own experiences implementing the model and offer individual reflections of the faculty member, the trainer, and a student from the pilot program. The results appear to be more effective and appropriate use of this software.
Tilde’s Machine Translation Systems for WMT 2017

The paper describes the development process of the Tilde’s NMT systems that were submitted for the WMT 2018 shared task on news translation. We describe the data filtering and pre-processing workflows, the NMT system training architectures, and automatic evaluation results. For the WMT 2018 shared task, we submitted seven systems (both constrained and unconstrained) for English-Estonian and Estonian-English translation directions. The submitted systems were trained using Transformer models.
Hardiness, Coping Style, and Burnout: Relationships in Female Hospital Nurses

This study investigated relationships among and between psychological hardiness, coping style, and burnout in 101 female hospital nurses. The third generation (50-item) hardiness scale, scored by the revised scoring procedure, was used to measure hardiness and its components. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used as the measurement for burnout. Coping style was assessed by the COPE Inventory. The components of hardiness, commitment, control, and challenge, were hypothesized to be negative predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and positive predictors of personal accomplishment. In addition, hardiness and its components were postulated to be positively related to adaptive coping styles and negatively related to maladaptive coping styles. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were thought to be related positively to maladaptive coping styles and negatively related to adaptive coping styles. Personal accomplishment was thought to be positively related to adaptive coping style and negatively related to maladaptive coping style. Simple and multiple regressions were used.
The Jewish patient and terminal dehydration: A hospice ethical dilemma

Culturally competent nursing care regarding the ethical dilemma of terminal dehydration (withholding or withdrawing food and fluid) for the Jewish hospice patient involves applying the ethical principles of justice, autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence to nursing interventions by identifying outcomes that focus on the high value Jews place on life; avoiding stereotyping as to what it means to be Jewish; knowledge of various Jewish traditions surrounding death and dying; and good communication with the patient and his or her family.