Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unresolved Unidentified Source Contribution to the Gamma-Ray Background

The large majority of EGRET point sources remain without an identified low-energy counterpart, and a large fraction of these sources are most likely extragalactic. Whatever the nature of the extragalactic EGRET unidentified sources, faint unresolved objects of the same class must have a contribution to the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB). Understanding this component of the EGRB, along with other guaranteed contributions from known sources, is essential if we are to use this emission to constrain exotic high-energy physics. Here, we follow an empirical approach to estimate whether a potential contribution of unidentified sources to the EGRB is likely to be important, and we find that it is. In addition, we show how upcoming GLAST observations of EGRET unidentified sources, as well as of their fainter counterparts, can be combined with GLAST observations of the Galactic and extragalactic diffuse backgrounds to shed light on the nature of the EGRET unidentified sources even without any positional association of such sources with low-energy counterparts.
Upper Gastro Instestinal Endoscopic Findings In Patients With Dyspepsia: Our Experience At Cims, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

Objective:Aim of the study was to evaluate Upper Gastro Intestinal endoscopic findings in patients presenting with dyspepsia and to campare with earlier studies. Material and Method:This retrospective, observational study was conducted in endoscopic unit in the Department of Medicine in chhattisgarh institute of medical sciences, fromJuly 2007 to December 2011. Adult patients with dyspepsia who underwent Upper Gastro Intestinal endoscopies where included in the studies. Patients were referred by the consultants and doctors working in the periphery for endoscopy. Endoscopies were performed as per standard protocol with diagnoses based on accepted criteria. Results: Upper Gastro Intestinal endoscopies were performed on a total of 593 patients. Patients who presented with dyspepsia were scoped. Amongst them 64.9% (n=385) were male and 35.1 %( n=208) were females. The mean age of the studied population was 41.45 years (SD +_ 15.343), most common lesion was gastritis seen in 25.1 %( n=149), esophagitis 3.5 %( n=21), gastric carcinoma 4.6% (n=27), esophageal carcinoma 3.7% (n=22), gastric ulcer 6.7% (n=40) duodenal ulcer was found in 4 %( n=24). Gastric ulcer was more common as compared to duodenal ulcer (6.7% vs. 4%). Endoscopy was normal in 40.0% (n=237) of the patients. Conclusion: Endoscopy is a very important investigative modality to identify the specific pathology in patients of dyspepsia . Gastritis; Esophagitis, Duodenitis, Duodenal ulcer,Gastric ulcer, Gastric carcinomas and esophageal carcinoma were the commonest endoscopic diagnostic findings.
Lichen planus following hepatitis B vaccination.

The association of lichen planus (LP) with liver diseases, first described in 1978 by Rebora et al, 1 has successively been confirmed by numerous observations. 2 However, the role played by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains to be explained. We describe a man in whom LP developed after an HBV vaccination. Two analogous cases have been observed previously, 3,4 and our observation suggests that the vaccine could be involved in the pathogeny. Report of a Case. A 50-year-old man who was at risk forHBV infection received HBV vaccine (Gen Hevac B, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France). This is a noninfectant recombinant vaccine produced in mammalian cells, which contains the S and pre-S2 antigens involving the products of the S and pre-S2 regions of HBV DNA. The first dose of vaccine (0.5 mL) was given to our patient in June 1992 and the second (0.5 mL) 1 month later. In August,
Transmucosal healing around peri-implant defects: crestal and subcrestal implant placement in dogs.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the transmucosal healing response of implants placed with the junction of the smooth surfaces, either crestal or subcrestal, into simulated extraction defects after healing periods of 1 and 3 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23 Straumann SP v3.3 mm NN, SLA 10 mm implants were placed in the mandibular premolar regions of three greyhound dogs 3 months after the teeth were removed. Five control implants were placed at the crestal bone level, and test implants with surgically created peri-implant defects of 1.25 mm wide x 5 mm depth were placed either at the crestal (nine implants) or at the 2 mm subcrestal (nine implants) bone level. Implants on the right side were placed 1 month before the dogs were sacrificed, and implants on the left side were placed 3 months before sacrifice. All dogs had daily plaque control following surgery and were sacrificed 3 months after implant placement for histological and histometric analyses. RESULTS Mesial-distal ground sections of the control and test implant specimens showed a greater %BIC in the coronal defect region after 3 months of healing. This healing response was incomplete for the test implants compared with the control implants after a 1-month healing period. The histometric measurements for test implants placed at the crestal bone level or 2 mm subcrestal with surgically created peri-implant defects were more coronal or closer to the implant margin compared with the control implants. Additionally, the degree of osseointegration between the newly formed bone and the implant surface was similar between the test implants. CONCLUSION Peri-implant defects of 1.25 mm width healed with spontaneous bone regeneration around implants placed transmucosally at crestal or 2 mm subcrestal with a high degree of osseointegration after a 3-month healing period.
Pyramidal channel features for pedestrian detector

Most state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors diversify features to improve the detection performance. Among such features, the gradient histogram is the most informative. This work investigates how diverse orientation information influences the pedestrian detection performance. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detection method which uses pyramidal aggregated channel features which are generated with a layer-by-layer assembly scheme. Experimental results on the INRIA dataset show that our method can reach state-of-the-art performance despite using only gradient features.
An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies

Preface vii 1 The Prehistory of Science and Technology Studies 1 2 The Kuhnian Revolution 12 3 Questioning Functionalism in the Sociology of Science 23 4 Stratification and Discrimination 36 5 The Strong Programme and the Sociology of Knowledge 47 6 The Social Construction of Scientific and Technical Realities 57 7 Feminist Epistemologies of Science 72 8 Actor-Network Theory 81 9 Two Questions Concerning Technology 93 10 Studying Laboratories 106 11 Controversies 120 12 Standardization and Objectivity 136 13 Rhetoric and Discourse 148 14 The Unnaturalness of Science and Technology 157 15 The Public Understanding of Science 168 16 Expertise and Public Participation 180 17 Political Economies of Knowledge 189 References 205 Index 236
Nonoperative catheter management for cervical necrotizing fasciitis with and without descending necrotizing mediastinitis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical utility of catheter drainage for cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) with and without descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM). DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. PATIENTS Thirty-two patients with clinically and radiographically diagnosed CNF with and without DNM were included. INTERVENTIONS Catheters were introduced into the infected space through the patients' necks under sonographic and x-ray fluoroscopic guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Treatments, clinical course, complications, and mortality were evaluated. RESULTS Catheter drainage was successfully performed in all patients. The CNF was due to pharyngeal infection in 14 patients (44%) and dental infection in 14 other patients (44%). Mediastinal extension occurred in 14 patients (44%). Overall mortality was 3.1%; only 1 patient with DNM died due to Clostridium sepsis. Both pharyngeal origin and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with the development of DNM. More intensive treatment is necessary for patients with CNF with DNM than for patients with CNF without DNM. CONCLUSION Percutaneous catheter drainage may be used as an effective treatment for CNF with and without DNM.
Help-seeking behaviour and attitudes towards counselling: a qualitative study among Hong Kong Chinese university students

ABSTRACT This study examined Hong Kong university students’ perception of general help-seeking and seeking of professional help. Thirty-two students, aged from 25 to 46 years were interviewed. A grounded theory approach was adopted. The results indicated four domains to categorise culture-influenced factors: attitudes towards speaking, relational concern, nature of the problem and assumptions about counselling. Hong Kong students are not reluctant to receive help but are reluctant to seek help from outsiders. Help is expected to be received from those within their social network. Passive coping strategies are normally adopted for finding relief and solving problems. These issues may greatly hinder people from consulting professional counsellors, or may limit the counselling process to something superficial and short term. The implications for counsellors are discussed.
A light CP-odd Higgs boson and the muon anomalous magnetic moment

We amalgamate the many experimental limits on the ab coupling of a light CP-odd Higgs boson, a, including model-dependence coming from the ratio of the at to the ab coupling. We then employ these limits to analyze the extent to which a light a can make a significant contribution to the discrepancy, Δaμ, between the experimentally observed aμ and that predicted by the standard model. In a ``model-independent'' framework and in the context of a general two-Higgs-doublet model this is a significant possibility. In contrast, the minimal supersymmetric model is too strongly constrained (after combining experimental and theoretical input) to allow a CP-odd-a explanation of Δaμ. The next-to-minimal supersymmetric model allows more freedom and the light a of the model could explain the full Δaμ if 9.2 GeV < ma < 12 GeV, or contribute substantially for larger ma, if tan β is large.
Spirituality, Inc.: Religion in the American Workplace

Acknowledgments 1 Finding Meaning in Business 2 The Genealogy of Corporate Spirituality 3 The Making of a "Christian Company" 4 Jesus as a Management Guru 5 The Spiritual Education of a Manager 6 Team Chaplains, Life Coaches, and Whistling Referees 7 The Future of Workplace Spirituality Notes Select Bibliography Index About the Author
Symmetric minimum noise subspace for multi-input multi-output system identification

– This contribution deals with a particular family of blind system identiﬁcation methods, referred to as Minimum Noise Subspace (MNS). MNS method is a computationally fast version of subspace method. Here, we develop a symmetric version of MNS method (referred to as SMNS) that has the advantage of better robustness and estimation accuracy at the cost of a slight increase of the computational cost in comparison with original MNS. In the same time, we present and compare different algorithms for the block implementation of the SMNS. Finally, we show that under certain additional assumptions on the channel transfer functions, we can go beyond the minimum in the sense that less than (cid:0)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:3) ( (cid:0) being the number of outputs and (cid:3) the number of inputs) noise vectors are sufﬁcient for unique identiﬁcation of channel parameters.
BMTP-11 is active in preclinical models of human osteosarcoma and a candidate targeted drug for clinical translation

Significance In its metastatic/recurrent presentation, osteosarcoma is a high-risk tumor with poor management, essentially unchanged over the past 25 years. Osteosarcoma is a relatively rare cancer; however, because it affects predominantly teenagers and young adults, it is a leading disease-related cause of death and a major contributor to years of life lost in this age group. Here, we demonstrate the prognostic value of IL-11Rα in osteosarcoma progression and patient survival. We also report preclinical studies with the IL-11Rα–targeted peptidomimetic bone metastasis-targeting peptidomimetic (BMTP-11) as a therapeutic agent, either alone or in combination with gemcitabine, in both primary tumor and metastatic disease models. This study demonstrates successful applications directed against the IL-11Rα:IL-11 molecular axis in preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma occurs predominantly in children and young adults. High-grade tumors require multidisciplinary treatment consisting of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, along with surgical intervention. Despite this approach, death from respiratory failure secondary to the development and progression of pulmonary metastases remains a significant problem. Here, we identify the IL-11 receptor α subunit (IL-11Rα) as a cell surface marker of tumor progression that correlates with poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. We also show that both IL-11Rα and its ligand, IL-11, are specifically up-regulated in human metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines; engagement of this autocrine loop leads to tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Consistently, IL-11Rα promotes lung colonization by human metastatic osteosarcoma cells in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model. Finally, we evaluate the IL-11Rα–targeted proapoptotic agent bone metastasis-targeting peptidomimetic (BMTP-11) in preclinical models of primary intratibial osteosarcomas, observing marked inhibition of both tumor growth and lung metastases. This effect was enhanced when BMTP-11 was combined with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Our combined data support the development of approaches targeting IL-11Rα, and establish BMTP-11 as a leading drug candidate for clinical translation in patients with high-risk osteosarcoma.
Trichoderma amazonicum, a new endophytic species on Hevea brasiliensis and H. guianensis from the Amazon basin

A new species of Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea, Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae), T. amazonicum, endophytic on the living sapwood and leaves of Hevea spp. trees is described. Trichoderma amazonicum is distinguished from closely related species in the Harzianum clade (e.g. Hypocrea alni, H. brunneoviridis, H. epimyces, H. parepimyces, T. aggressivum, T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola and T. pleuroti) by morphological and ecological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of three loci (ITS nrDNA, tef1 and rpb2). The closest relatives of this species are the facultatively fungicolous species T. pleuroticola and T. pleuroti.
Distinct Patterns of Neuropeptide Gene Expression in the Lateral Hypothalamic Area and Arcuate Nucleus Are Associated with Dehydration-Induced Anorexia

We have investigated the hormonal and hypothalamic neuropeptidergic substrates of dehydration-associated anorexia. In situhybridization and hormone analyses of anorexic and paired food-restricted rats revealed two distinct profiles. First, both groups had the characteristic gene expression and endocrine signatures usually associated with starvation: increased neuropeptide Y and decreased proopiomelanocortin and neurotensin mRNAs in the arcuate nucleus (ARH); increased circulating glucocorticoid but reduced leptin and insulin. Dehydrated animals are strongly anorexic despite these attributes, showing that the output of leptin- and insulin-sensitive ARH neurons that ordinarily stimulate eating must be inhibited. The second pattern occurred only in anorexic animals and had two components: (1) reduced corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA in the neuroendocrine paraventricular nucleus (PVH) and (2) increased CRH and neurotensin mRNAs in the lateral hypothalamic (LHA) and retrochiasmatic areas. However, neither corticosterone nor suppressed PVH CRH gene expression is required for anorexia after dehydration because PVH CRH mRNA in dehydrated adrenalectomized animals is unchanged from euhydrated adrenalectomized controls. We also showed that LHA CRH mRNA was strongly correlated with the intensity of anorexia, increased LHA CRH gene expression preceded the onset of anorexia, and dehydrated adrenalectomized animals (which also develop anorexia) had elevated LHA CRH gene expression with a distribution pattern similar to intact animals. Finally, we identified specific efferents from the CRH-containing region of the LHA to the PVH, thereby providing a neuroanatomical framework for the integration by the PVH of neuropeptidergic signals from the ARH and the LHA. Together, these observations suggest that CRH and neurotensin neurons in the LHA constitute a novel anatomical substrate for their well known anorexic effects.
MENTAL COMPUTATION STRATEGIES BY 5THGRADERSACCORDING TO OBJECT-SPATIAL-VERBAL COGNITIVE STYLE

The purpose of this study was to investigate mental computation strategies by fifth grade elementary students with different cognitive style (object-spatial-verbal). Seventy six fifth grade students in one of elementary school in Jember (Indonesia) participated in this study. All of the students were tested on Children’s ObjectSpatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (C-OSIVQ). Nine children were chosen, based the test result, as subjects of the research. They were classified as 3 students with object imagery, 3 students with spatial imagery, and 3 students with verbal ability. The students were tested in a oral mental computation test. The test contains 15 items for additions, subtractions, multiplications, and divisions in whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. Findings were analyzed with qualitative methods. At the end of the research, students with spatial imagery achieved much better results than object imagery and verbal ability. When computation strategies were analyzed, it was found that the students with verbal ability were heavily influenced by written algorithm meanwhile students with object and spatial imagery used more variety ways and efficient strategies in performing mental computation.
Neuronal processing of translational optic flow in the visual system of the shore crab Carcinus maenas

SUMMARY This paper describes a search for neurones sensitive to optic flow in the visual system of the shore crab Carcinus maenas using a procedure developed from that of Krapp and Hengstenberg. This involved determining local motion sensitivity and its directional selectivity at many points within the neurone's receptive field and plotting the results on a map. Our results showed that local preferred directions of motion are independent of velocity, stimulus shape and type of motion (circular or linear). Global response maps thus clearly represent real properties of the neurones' receptive fields. Using this method, we have discovered two families of interneurones sensitive to translational optic flow. The first family has its terminal arborisations in the lobula of the optic lobe, the second family in the medulla. The response maps of the lobula neurones (which appear to be monostratified lobular giant neurones) show a clear focus of expansion centred on or just above the horizon, but at significantly different azimuth angles. Response maps such as these, consisting of patterns of movement vectors radiating from a pole, would be expected of neurones responding to self-motion in a particular direction. They would be stimulated when the crab moves towards the pole of the neurone's receptive field. The response maps of the medulla neurones show a focus of contraction, approximately centred on the horizon, but at significantly different azimuth angles. Such neurones would be stimulated when the crab walked away from the pole of the neurone's receptive field. We hypothesise that both the lobula and the medulla interneurones are representatives of arrays of cells, each of which would be optimally activated by self-motion in a different direction. The lobula neurones would be stimulated by the approaching scene and the medulla neurones by the receding scene. Neurones tuned to translational optic flow provide information on the three-dimensional layout of the environment and are thought to play a role in the judgment of heading.
Bioavailability of Beta Carotene in Traditional Fermented, Roasted Granules, Gari from Bio-Fortified Cassava Roots *

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a major public health issue and of global concern, as it affects millions of preschool children and pregnant women worldwide. Bio-fortification has emerged as a technology with potential to sustainably alleviate VAD especially in the sub-Saharan Africa, using staples like cassava. This work studied bioavailability of beta carotene (BC) in two processed gari samples from bio-fortified cassava varieties: 01/1412 and 01/1371, using 40 weanling albino rats, grouped into four, acclimatized for 1 week and fed experimentally for 4 weeks. Plasma beta carotene (PBC) was determined with HPLC while bioavailable BC calculated using conventional linear dose response plot. The mean rat weight gain was 5.3 g with significant difference (pGari from bio-fortified cassava roots processed traditionally, had appreciable bioavailable BC, which can contribute to the fight against VAD and improve nutritional status in developing countries although the magnitude of the problem requires a combination of strategies, of which bio-fortification is just one. However, further work is necessary on public awareness and adoption of the product.
Numerical Solutions of a Generalized Nth Order Boundary Value Problems Using Power Series Approximation Method

In this paper, a new approach called Power Series Approximation Method (PSAM) is developed for the numerical solution of a generalized linear and non-linear higher order Boundary Value Problems (BVPs). The proposed method is efficient and effective on the experimentation on some selected thirteen-order, twelve-order and ten-order boundary value problems as compared with the analytic solutions and other existing methods such as the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and Variational Iteration Method (VIM) available in the literature. A convergence analysis of PSAM is also provided.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Plays a Key Role in Imidazoline (I1)-Receptor-Mediated Hypotension

Our previous study showed that rilmenidine, a selective I1-imidazoline receptor agonist, enhanced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)p42/44, via the phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C pathway in the pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that enhancement of MAPK phosphorylation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to the hypotensive response elicited by I1-receptor activation in vivo. Systemic rilmenidine (600 μg/kg i.v.) elicited hypotension and bradycardia along with significant elevation in MAPKp42/44, detected by immunohistochemistry, in RVLM neurons. To obtain conclusive evidence that the latter response was I1-receptor-mediated, similar hypotensive responses were elicited by intracisternal (i.c.) rilmenidine (25 μg/rat) or the highly selective α2-agonist α-methylnorepinephrine (4 μg/rat). An increase in RVLM MAPKp42/44 occurred only after rilmenidine. Furthermore, pretreatment with efaroxan (0.15 μg/rat i.c.), a selective I1-imidazoline receptor antagonist, or with PD98059 (2′-amino-3′-methoxyflavone) (5 μg/rat i.c.), a selective extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor, significantly attenuated the hypotensive response and the elevation in RVLM MAPKp42/44 elicited by i.c. rilmenidine. The findings suggest that MAPK phosphorylation in the RVLM contributes to the hypotensive response induced by I1-receptor activation and presents in vivo evidence that distinguishes the neuronal responses triggered by the I1-receptor from those triggered by the α2-adrenergic receptor.