Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of an Evidence-Based Weight Loss Intervention for a Faith-Based, Rural, African American Population

Background African Americans and rural residents are disproportionately affected by obesity. Innovative approaches to address obesity that are sensitive to the issues of rural African Americans are needed. Faith-based and community-based participatory approaches show promise for engaging racial/ethnic minorities to change health outcomes, but few faith-based weight loss interventions have used a community-based participatory approach. Community Context A faith-based weight loss intervention in the Lower Mississippi Delta arose from a 5-year partnership between academic and community partners representing more than 30 churches and community organizations. Methods Community and academic partners translated the 16 core sessions of the Diabetes Prevention Program for rural, church-going African American adults. The feasibility of the lay health advisor–led delivery of the 16-week (January-May 2010), 16-session, adapted intervention was assessed in 26 participants from 3 churches by measuring recruitment, program retention, implementation ease, participant outcomes, and program satisfaction. Outcome Twenty-two of 26 participants (85%) provided 16-week follow-up data. Lay health advisors reported that all program components were easy to implement except the self-monitoring component. Participants lost an average of 2.34 kg from baseline to 16-week follow-up, for a mean weight change of −2.7%. Participants reported enjoying the spiritual and group-based aspects of the program and having difficulties with keeping track of foods consumed. The intervention engaged community partners in research, strengthened community-academic partnerships, and built community capacity. Interpretation This study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering this adapted intervention by lay leaders through rural churches.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Adipose Depots without Reduction of Stearoyl Coenzyme A Desaturase 1 Gene Expression

Aims and Methods: This study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the body weight, fat deposition and the expression of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) in the livers of male ICR mice that were fed with either beef tallow (BT) or fish oil (FO) supplemented with CLA. Mice weighing 25–30 g were divided into four groups, BT and BT supplemented with 0.5% CLA (BTC), FO and FO supplemented with 0.5% CLA (FOC). Each group consisted of 8 mice, and they were fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. The experimental diets were composed of 59.18% carbohydrates, 19.73% proteins and 21.09% fat in terms of their contributions to total calories, and other nutrients were identical. CLA was added to the diets of the CLA supplementation groups at 0.5% (w/w). The measurement of triglyceride (TG) was done by using a kit. Fatty acid compositions were analyzed in both the plasma and the liver using a gas chromatograph. The levels of SCD1 expression were analyzed by RT-PCR in the liver. Results: No significant difference was found in the levels of food intake, body weight and food efficiency among experimental groups. However, the levels of both epididymal and visceral fat weight were significantly lower in the CLA-supplemented groups, BTC and FOC (p < 0.05). The level of the triglyceride concentration was also significantly lower in the CLA-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). The levels of the liver SCD1 gene expression were also higher in the CLA-supplemented groups. However, significant inhibition of conversion from C16:0 to C16:1 was found in both fatty acid compositions of the liver (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Addition of 0.5% CLA did not inhibit the liver SCD1 gene expression; however, it showed decreasing effects on the fat pad weight, the concentration of TG and on fatty acid composition, leading to a decrease in the fat depositions. Such effects were clearer when CLA was supplemented to BT rather than FO.
Current Concepts of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Trauma: A Review

Traumatic injuries cause 5.8 million deaths per year globally. Before the advent of antibiotics, sepsis was considered almost inevitable after injury. Today infection continues to be a common complication after traumatic injury and is associated with increases in morbidity and mortality and longer hospital stays. Research into the prevention of post-traumatic infection has predominantly focused on thoracic and abdominal injuries. In addition, because research on sepsis following musculoskeletal injuries has predominantly been on open fractures. There is a paucity of research into the prevention of soft tissue infections following traumatic injuries. This review analyses the evidence for the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of soft tissue injuries. Emphasis is placed on assessing the strength of the presented evidence according to the Oxford Level of Evidence scale.
[Study of p16(INK4A) expression and DNA ploidy in HPV-negative cervical cancers and precursors].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinicopathological significance of p16(INK4A) expression and DNA ploidy status in HPV-negative uterine cervical cancers and their precursors. METHODS HPV-negative cervical lesions, including 20 cases of cervicitis, 20 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), 3 cases of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm (CGIN), 38 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) and 15 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma were selected and subject to screening for HPV infection by PCR method. The p16(INK4A) protein expression and DNA ploidy status were studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry respectively. RESULTS Specific expression of p16(INK4A) was seen in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the dysplastic and malignant cells of CIN, CGIN, cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma. In contrast, no expression was present in normal and inflammatory squamous or glandular epithelium. DNA aneuploidy was significantly more frequent in invasive SCCs and adenocarcinomas than in CIN (P < 0.01). Aneuploid was also more frequent in the lymph node positive group than lymph node negative group, although no statistic significance was found. Among the 8 cases of p16(INK4A) negative SCCs, two showed DNA aneuploidy. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical detection for p16(INK4A) can be an early diagnostic marker for HPV-negative cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma. DNA ploidy analysis may further assist the diagnosis of cervical malignancies.
HoxA10 Represses Transcription of the Gene Encoding p67phox in Phagocytic Cells

p67phox and gp91phox are components of the phagocyte-specific respiratory burst oxidase that are encoded by the NCF2 and CYBB genes, respectively. These genes are transcribed exclusively in myeloid cells that have differentiated beyond the promyelocyte stage. In mature phagocytes, NCF2 and CYBB transcription continues until cell death and further increases in response to IFN-γ and other inflammatory mediators. Because p67phox and gp91phox expression profiles are similar, we hypothesize that common transcription factors interact with homologous cis elements in the CYBB and NCF2 genes to coordinate transcription. Previously, we identified a negative CYBB promoter cis element that is repressed by the homeodomain transcription factor HoxA10. We found that transcriptional repression requires HoxA10-dependent recruitment of histone deacetylase activity to the CYBB cis element. In response to IFN-γ, phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues in the HoxA10 homeodomain decreases binding to CYBB promoter, thereby abrogating HoxA10-mediated repression. In the current studies, we investigate the possibility that HoxA10 similarly represses NCF2 transcription. We identify a sequence in the NCF2 promoter that is homologous to the HoxA10-binding CYBB cis element. We find that this NCF2 promoter sequence functions as a negative cis element that is repressed by HoxA10 in a tyrosine phosphorylation and histone deacetylase-dependent manner. Our results suggest that cytokine-stimulated pathways regulate HoxA10-mediated repression of the CYBB and NCF2 genes in differentiating myeloid cells and in mature phagocytes during the inflammatory response. Because p67phox and gp91phox are rate-limiting components for respiratory burst activity, our studies may identify rational therapeutic targets to modulate free radical generation in pathological conditions.
Treatment of volar Barton's fractures: comparison between two common surgical techniques.

BACKGROUND Volar Barton's fractures are not uncommon but more convincing treatment methods are still controversial. Currently, open reduction with buttress plating or closed reduction with external fixation and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation have achieved most support. METHODS Twenty-three consecutive volar Barton's fractures treated with either open reduction and buttress plate fixation (12 cases) or closed reduction with external fixation and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation (11 cases) were compared retrospectively. The fractures were followed-up for a mean of 30 months (range, 24-50 months). RESULTS All 23 fractures healed without major complications. The wrist function was satisfactory in all plating patients (12 out of 12) and nine out of 11 external fixation patients (p = 0.22). CONCLUSION Both the above mentioned surgical techniques give a high success rate. Despite the fact that each technique has advantages and disadvantages, the results from the plating treatment seem to be superior.
IMPROVING TEXT CATEGORIZATION BY USING A TOPIC MODEL

Most text categorization algorithms represent a document collection as a Bag of Words (BOW). The BOW representation is unable to recognize synonyms from a given term set and unable to recognize semantic relationships between terms. In this paper, we apply the topic-model approach to cluster the words into a set of topics. Words assigned into the same topic are semantically related. Our main goal is to compare between the feature processing techniques of BOW and the topic model. We also apply and compare between two feature selection techniques: Information Gain (IG) and Chi Squared (CHI). Three text categorization algorithms: Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision tree, are used for evaluation. The experimental results showed that the topic-model approach for representing the documents yielded the best performance based on F 1 measure equal to 79% under the SVM algorithm with the IG feature selection technique.
Students as New Venture Teams : Outlining the Role of Culture in Entrepreneurship Projects

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important driver of economic development and prosperity. Consequently, as a course or as a program of study, entrepreneurship has increasingly occupied a prominent place in business education not just in the U.S., but across many countries. Traditionally, in entrepreneurship programs, student teams are tasked with the challenge of developing and proposing a new business venture, thus assuming the role of new venture teams (NVTs). NVTs have been defined as all team members that actively participate in both the development and implementation of the evolving strategy of new ventures (Klotz et al., 2014). In this paper, we review pertinent advances in entrepreneurship and innovation literature, and extend research in this area to student-based NVTs across different cultural contexts by arguing that innovation and entrepreneurial success is a function of the underlying processes that take place within these unique team settings, and the cultural context in which these processes take place. Our model uses a grounded theory approach to integrate prior research in this area with insight gained from in-depth interviews with members of student NVTs. Our preliminary results seem to support the “equifinality” of innovation in NVTs. In other words, student teams succeed, but the underlying processes that lead to success differ across different cultural settings. We discuss the implications for course design, assessment, and suggest ways to adapt and localize
Improved Automatic Keyword Extraction Given More Linguistic Knowledge

In this paper, experiments on automatic extraction of keywords from abstracts using a supervised machine learning algorithm are discussed. The main point of this paper is that by adding linguistic knowledge to the representation (such as syntactic features), rather than relying only on statistics (such as term frequency and n-grams), a better result is obtained as measured by keywords previously assigned by professional indexers. In more detail, extracting NP-chunks gives a better precision than n-grams, and by adding the PoS tag(s) assigned to the term as a feature, a dramatic improvement of the results is obtained, independent of the term selection approach applied.
Genetic characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Northeast USA reveals emerging resident and non-indigenous pathogen lineages

Gastric infections caused by the environmentally transmitted pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, have increased over the last two decades, including in many parts of the United States (US). However, until recently, infections linked to shellfish from the cool northeastern US waters were rare. Cases have risen in the Northeast, consistent with changes in local V. parahaemolyticus populations toward greater abundance or a shift in constituent pathogens. We examined 94 clinical isolates from a period of increasing disease in the region and compared them to 200 environmental counterparts to identify resident and non-indigenous lineages and to gain insight into the emergence of pathogenic types. Genotyping and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of clinical isolates collected from 2010 to 2013 in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine revealed their polyphyletic nature. Although 80% of the clinical isolates harbored the trh hemolysin either alone or with tdh, and were urease positive, 14% harbored neither hemolysin exposing a limitation for these traits in pathogen detection. Resident sequence type (ST) 631 strains caused seven infections, and show a relatively recent history of recombination with other clinical and environmental lineages present in the region. ST34 and ST674 strains were each linked to a single infection and these strain types were also identified from the environment as isolates harboring hemolysin genes. Forty-two ST36 isolates were identified from the clinical collection, consistent with reports that this strain type caused a rise in regional infections starting in 2012. Whole-genome phylogenies that included three ST36 outbreak isolates traced to at least two local sources demonstrated that the US Atlantic coastal population of this strain type was indeed derived from the Pacific population. This study lays the foundation for understanding dynamics within natural populations associated with emergence and invasion of pathogenic strain types in the region.
Intussusception: trapped peritoneal fluid detected with US--relationship to reducibility and ischemia.

PURPOSE To determine the frequency and meaning of fluid inside the intussusception at ultrasound (US) and its relationship to irreducibility and ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS US enabled the diagnosis of intussusception in 145 cases. Shape and axial diameters of the area of fluid were determined. US-guided hydrostatic reduction was attempted in 144 cases. RESULTS Fluid was present in the intussusception in 20 cases (14%) and appeared on axial images as an anechoic crescent between both serosal layers of the enfolded and everted intussusceptum. No cystic structural anomaly was detected at surgery. Rates of reduction were 89% (111 of 125) in cases without fluid and 26% (five of 19) in cases with fluid (P < .001). At surgery, ischemia was absent in all 14 cases without fluid and present in 10 of 20 cases with fluid; necrosis was present in two cases with fluid. Areas of fluid greater than 14 x 5 mm, especially if associated with fluid in the dilated apex of the intussusception, were strongly related to irreducibility and ischemia (odds-likelihood ratio, 67.5). CONCLUSION Fluid seen inside the intussusception represented trapped peritoneal fluid. Substantial amounts of fluid were associated with irreducibility and ischemia.
Potent inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation by tight binding of green tea epigallocatechin gallate and apple procyanidins to VEGF: Relevance to angiogenesis

Scope Excessive concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drive angiogenesis and cause complications such as increased growth of tumours and atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the potent inhibition of VEGF signalling by polyphenols. Methods and results We show that the polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate from green tea and procyanidin oligomers from apples potently inhibit VEGF-induced VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signalling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by directly interacting with VEGF. The polyphenol-induced inhibition of VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 activation occurred at nanomolar polyphenol concentrations and followed bi-phasic inhibition kinetics. VEGF activity could not be recovered by dialysing VEGF-polyphenol complexes. Exposure of VEGF to epigallocatechin gallate or procyanidin oligomers strongly inhibited subsequent binding of VEGF to human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing VEGFR-2. Remarkably, even though VEGFR-2 signalling was completely inhibited at 1 μM concentrations of polyphenols, endothelial nitric oxide synthase was shown to still be activated via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway which is downstream of VEGFR-2. Conclusion These data demonstrate for the first time that VEGF is a key molecular target for specific polyphenols found in tea, apples and cocoa which potently inhibit VEGF signalling and angiogenesis at physiological concentrations. These data provide a plausible mechanism which links bioactive compounds in food with their beneficial effects.
Biomedical Implants: Corrosion and its Prevention - A Review~!2009-12-22~!2010-01-20~!2010-05-25~!

In the area of materials science, corrosion of biomaterials is of paramount importance as biomaterials are required for the survival of the human beings suffering from acute heart diseases, arthritis, osteoporosis and other joint complications. The present article discusses various issues associated with biological corrosion of different kinds of implants used as cardio stents, orthopedic and dental implants. As the materials used for these implants are manifold starting from metallic materials such as stainless steel (SS), cobalt chromium, titanium and its alloys, bioceramics, composites and polymers are in constant contact with the aggressive body fluid, they often fail and finally fracture due to corrosion. The corrosion behavior of various implants and the role of the surface oxide film and the corrosion products on the failure of implants are discussed. Surface modification of implants, which is considered to be the best solution to combat corrosion and to enhance the life span of the implants and longevity of the human beings is dealt in detail and the recent advances in the coating techniques which make use of the superior properties of nanomaterials that lead to better mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility are also presented.
Microscopic Theory of Protein Folding Rates.II: Local Reaction Coordinates and Chain Dynamics

The motions involved in barrier crossing for protein folding are investigated in terms of the chain dynamics of the polymer backbone, completing the microscopic description of protein folding presented in the preceding paper. Local reaction coordinates are identified as collective growth modes of the unstable fluctuations about the saddle points in the free energy surface. The description of the chain dynamics incorporates internal friction (independent of the solvent viscosity) arising from the elementary isomerization of the backbone dihedral angles. We find that the folding rate depends linearly on the solvent friction for high viscosity, but saturates at low viscosity because of internal friction. For λ-repressor, the calculated folding rate prefactor, along with the free energy barrier from the variational theory, gives a folding rate that agrees well with the experimentally determined rate under highly stabilizing conditions, but the theory predicts too large a folding rate at the transition midpoin.
Comprehensive Annotation of Multiword Expressions in a Social Web Corpus

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are quite frequent in languages such as English, but their diversity, the scarcity of individual MWE types, and contextual ambiguity have presented obstacles to corpus-based studies and NLP systems addressing them as a class. Here we advocate for a comprehensive annotation approach: proceeding sentence by sentence, our annotators manually group tokens into MWEs according to guidelines that cover a broad range of multiword phenomena. Under this scheme, we have fully annotated an English web corpus for multiword expressions, including those containing gaps.
Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Effects of Aging on the Collateral Circulation, and Therapeutic Implications

The most important mechanism by which the body compensates for the reduced tissue flow caused by an obstructed artery is through flow supplied by the collateral circulation. Thus, when arterial obstruction occurs, perfusion to the ischemic tissue is provided by collateral vessels— defined as vessels, usually from an adjacent arterial tree, that interconnect the proximal part of an arterial circuit to that part of the artery lying distal to an obstruction. Important as the collateral circulation is, it is often incapable of restoring flow to normal levels at rest, and is usually incapable of delivering the augmented flow required by exercise or increased metabolic demands, as evident by the frequency of patients experiencing either angina or claudication in cohorts with coronary or peripheral vascular disease. The limited capacity to restore full flow at high metabolic demands poses quality-of-life issues to individuals who have chronic arterial obstruction: in the United States alone 300 000 to 900 000 patients have persistent angina despite medical management.1 Additionally, both animal and human studies demonstrate that the clinical outcome of acute arterial obstruction is worse in animals/patients with poor collaterals versus those with a robust collateral circulation.2–5 These considerations led to major efforts to develop strategies designed to enhance collateral function, including administration of proteins and genes expressing such proteins, and stem or progenitor cells known to secrete factors that improve collateral function. However, despite proof-ofconcept studies in animals, strategies tested to date in patients are inconclusive; some studies have failed to demonstrate clinical improvement, and others reporting positive signals are based on too few patients for definitive conclusions.6,7 A detailed analysis of these clinical trials, and the possible reasons major improvement has not as yet been demonstrated, is beyond the scope of this review. It is possible that different study designs, different angiogenic agents, and/or different modes of delivery may ultimately lead to more consistent and impressive clinical success. It is our perspective, however, that the presence of cardiovascular risk factors,8 including aging, causes (as Shakespeare’s metaphor powerfully evokes for the general human condition) a profound deterioration of collateral function. Such deterioration may, in turn, significantly impair the capacity of collaterals to respond to the therapeutic strategies so far designed. This review focuses on how the ubiquitous risk factor, aging, leads to collateral insufficiency and examines the responsible mechanisms that have been implicated to date. Such insights will ultimately enable us to design interventions more targeted to the particular issues presented by the patients we are treating, and thereby substantially improve our capacity to affect major benefit on collateral function and patient outcome.