Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Perspectives on Sibling Abuse in the United States

Sibling abuse has been studied much less extensively than other forms of family violence in the United States; moreover, research on how sibling abuse is viewed in different ethnic-minority groups has been rare. Convenience samples of Native American (n = 25), Latino/Hispanic (n = 45), African American (n = 30), European American (n = 78), Asian Pacific American (n = 31), and South Asian American (n = 29) participants responded to an open-ended survey requesting examples of extreme, moderate, and mild sibling abuse. Asian Pacific Americans listed proportionately more instances of physical aggression in their examples of mild abuse and of psychological aggression in their examples of severe abuse—an inverse of the pattern in the other groups. South Asian Americans mentioned beating and hitting significantly more often than other groups. In addition, European American participants gave the most instances of sexual abuse. Gender differences were found, with women mentioning physical aggression between siblings more often than men as extreme abuse.
UV irradiation stimulates levels of p53 cellular tumor antigen in nontransformed mouse cells

Elevated levels of the p53 cellular tumor antigen have been previously observed in proliferating and transformed mammalian cells. We found that nontransformed mouse cells treated with either UV light or a UV-mimetic chemical carcinogen exhibited a rapid increase in the amount of p53. This stimulation can be explained, at least in part, on the basis of a post-translational stabilization of p53 which is independent of replicative DNA synthesis, consistent with p53 not being an adventitious product of proliferating cells. The results presented here are interpreted in light of the general hypothesis that p53 is involved in the preparation of mammalian cells for DNA synthesis.
Replication and Theory Development in Organizational Science: A Critical Realist Perspective

In this article we assess, from a critical realist perspective, the role played by replication in theory development. We first present a concise review of critical realism and then reply to the objection that replication is not possible in the social sciences. We go on to classify replications into six types along two dimensions. Finally, we present a detailed argument for the significance of replication in social science research and propose a multifocal pattern of knowledge accumulation to be integrated with the scattered pattern commonly found in organizational science.
Competition and Gender Prejudice: Are Discriminatory Employers Doomed to Fail?

According to Becker's (1957) famous theory on discrimination, entrepreneurs with a strong prejudice against female workers forgo profits by submitting to their tastes. In a competitive market their firms lack efficiency and are therefore forced to leave. We present new empirical evidence for this prediction by studying the survival of startup firms in a large longitudinal matched employer-employee data set from Austria. Our results show that firms with strong preferences for discrimination, i.e. a low share of female employees relatively to the industry average, have significantly shorter survival rates. This is especially relevant for firms starting out with female shares in the lower tail of the distribution. They exit about 18 months earlier than firms with a median share of females. We see no differences in survival between firms at the top of the female share distribution and at the median, though. We further document that highly discriminatory firms that manage to survive submit to market powers and increase their female workforce over time.
Language and Power: Raising Awareness of the Role of Language in Multicultural Teams

The present paper explores the role language plays in establishing power relations in multicultural teams, understood as teams comprising members from three or more than three different national, cultural and linguistic backgrounds. To this end, the general relationship between language and power is examined in an initial theoretical section and subsequently probed from a practical viewpoint by reporting on the results yielded in a study recently carried out in Spain within the international research project ICOPROMO (Intercultural Competence for Professional Mobility). After characterising the latter and describing the sample of subjects who have integrated into the Spanish part of the study, this paper goes on to reflect their view of power in multicultural teams, with a clear focus on the relationship between mastery of the official team language and influence in such a team. The data obtained carries relevant implications, such as the need to consider language an integral component in current models of intercultural communicative competence or the significance of incorporating intercultural training in foreign language learning.
Living and Doing Psychology

As I look back at about 45 years of my research journey, I see three somewhat overlapping phases showing that my research has co-evolved with the way I have related to my milieu. The first 15 years witnessed my struggle to outgrow the alien framework by conducting research that, I thought, addressed the most salient socio-cultural issues in the Indian context with the methods that seemed to be the most appropriate. For the next 15 years, I tried to claim a legitimate space for my research on the international landscape. My encounters there—enriching and yet frustrating—led me to realise that I can at best be an Indian cultural psychologist. In the third phase, therefore, I returned to focus on my ongoing interest in organisational behaviour that I believe is deeply embedded in the Indian societal culture inheriting psycho-philosophical thoughts from the ancient time. Hence, I have been exploring, through multi-authored, multi-centred and multi-methods research, how the ancient Indian wisdom has filtered through contemporary experiences to create an inclusive Indian mindset that manifests in social and organisational behaviour.
Norm violation, attribution and attitudes in intergroup relations

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To be, or not to be, referred: A qualitative study of women from Burma's access to legal abortion care in Thailand

Background Reproductive health outcomes among women from Burma who live along the Thailand-Burma border demonstrate an unmet need for access to safe abortion services. In 2014, a multi-national team launched a collaborative three-year initiative to expand a program that refers eligible women for safe and legal abortion care to government Thai hospitals in Tak province, Thailand. Methods Over a six-month period we conducted 14 in-depth open-ended interviews with women from Burma who were referred through the program or denied a wanted abortion after being deemed ineligible for referral by staff at the participating clinic. We analyzed the interviews for content and themes using both deductive and inductive techniques. Results Women’s experiences accessing legal abortion care were positive and facilitated by appropriate options counseling, logistical support, and financial coverage. Five of the ineligible women we interviewed used traditional methods accessed on both sides of the border to self-induce an abortion and/or visited an untrained and unregulated provider. Discussion Our findings highlight the need to redouble efforts to expand access to safe and legal abortion care for women from Burma residing in northern Thailand. Ensuring that women who are denied a safe and legal abortion receive harm reduction interventions and resources is critical.
Male Role Norms, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Colorectal Cancer Screening among Young Adult African American Men

Racial disparities in health among African American men (AAM) in the United States are extensive. In contrast to their White counterparts, AAM have more illnesses and die younger. AAM have colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates 25% and 50% higher, respectively, than White men. Due to CRC’s younger age at presentation and high incidence among AAM, CRC screening (CRCS) is warranted at the age of 45 rather than 50, but little is known about younger AAM’s views of CRCS. Employing survey design, the purpose of the study was to describe the male role norms (MRN), knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived barriers associated with screening for CRC among a non-random sample of 157 young adult AAM (ages 19–45). Sixty-seven percent of the study sample received a passing knowledge score (85% or better), yet no significant differences were found among the three educational levels (i.e., low, medium, high). More negative attitudes toward CRCS correlated with the participants’ strong perceptions of barriers, but no extremely negative or positive MRN and perceived subjective norms were found. The factors significantly associated with attitudes were family history of cancer (unsure), work status, and perceived barriers. Findings from this study provide a solid basis for developing structured health education interventions that address the salient factors shaping young adult AAM’s view of CRC and early detection screening behaviors.
Spelling and word recognition in Grades 1 and 2: Relations to phonological awareness and naming speed in Dutch children

ABSTRACT The influences of early phonological awareness and naming speed on Dutch children's later word spelling were investigated in a longitudinal study. Phonological awareness and naming speed predicted spelling in early Grade 1, later Grade 1, and later Grade 2. Phonological awareness, however, predominated over naming speed for the prediction of early Grade 1 spelling. Comparison of the present results with those from an earlier study of children's word recognition using the same dataset and also structural equation modeling showed word recognition speed at the ends of Grades 1 and 2 in the earlier study to be uniquely predicted by early naming speed. Nonetheless, naming speed may measure almost the same in word recognition and word spelling accuracy.
Tryptase/Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Interactions Induce Selective Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling and Collagen Synthesis by Cardiac Fibroblasts

The mast cell product, tryptase, has recently been implicated to mediate fibrosis in the hypertensive heart. Tryptase has been shown to mediate noncardiac fibroblast function via activation of protease-activated receptor 2 and subsequent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, including extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2. Therefore, we hypothesized that this pathway may be a mechanism leading to fibrosis in the hypertensive heart. Isolated adult cardiac fibroblasts were treated with tryptase, which induced activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 via protease-activated receptor 2. Blockade of protease activated receptor 2 with FSLLRY (10 &mgr;mol/L) and inhibition of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway with PD98059 (10 &mgr;mol/L) prevented collagen synthesis in isolated cardiac fibroblasts stimulated with tryptase. In contrast, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and stress-activated protein/c-Jun N-terminal kinase were not activated by tryptase. Cardiac fibroblasts isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats showed this same pattern of activation. Treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with FSLLRY prevented fibrosis in these animals, indicating the in vivo applicability of the cultured fibroblast findings. Also, tryptase induced a myofibroblastic phenotype indicated by elevations in &agr;-smooth muscle actin and extra type III domain A (ED-A) fibronectin. Thus, the results from this study demonstrate the importance of tryptase for inducing a cardiac myofibroblastic phenotype, ultimately leading to the development of cardiac fibrosis. Specifically, tryptase causes cardiac fibroblasts to increase collagen synthesis via a mechanism involving activation of protease-activated receptor 2 and subsequent induction of extracellular signal–regulated kinase signaling.
Textual Similarity based on Proper Names

Proper names represent about 10% of English or French newspaper articles. Their quantity and informational quality is already used in different Information Extraction systems. Proper names have widely been studied in the MUC conferences designed to promote research in Information Extraction. We have created our own named entity extraction tool based on a linguistic description with automata. The extracted names are used in an information retrieval process: we want to cluster journalistic texts with a high precision level and to provide a description of the topic of the clusters. We verify the interest in the use of proper names in measures of similarities trying to improve the clustering of newspaper texts.
Mitochondrial perturbations and oxidant stress in lymphocytes from patients undergoing surgery and general anesthesia.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a profound suppression of immune function transiently occurs in patients who undergo surgery under general anesthesia. The decline in the absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes constitutes a major factor accounting for this immune defect, and recent evidence indicates that apoptosis plays a crucial role in determining postsurgical lymphocytopenia. HYPOTHESIS An altered oxidation-reduction status of mitochondria may contribute through apoptosis to the loss of lymphocytes following surgical trauma and general anesthesia. DESIGN We studied 16 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status I or II who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. The data were collected prospectively. SETTING University hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Samples of peripheral blood were drawn on the day before surgery and at 24 and 96 hours after the operation. Following lymphocyte isolation, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was assessed by flow cytometry using 3,3'-dihexylocarbo-cyanine iodide, and stains with hydroethidine and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate were used to determine the generation of reactive oxygen species. The labeling of lymphocytes with monobromobimane was used to assess the presence of reduced glutathione. RESULTS At 24 hours after surgery, we detected a significantly elevated frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes (P =.002), which incorporated low levels of 3,3'-dihexylocarbo-cyanine iodide, compared with the preoperative period. At this same time point, the frequency of lymphocytes with the hydroethidine- and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate-positive phenotype was elevated compared with baseline levels. Conversely, at 24 hours after surgery, the frequency of cells that stained positive for glutathione was strongly decreased compared with preoperative values. Overall measurements returned to the baseline levels at 96 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION The strict association we observed between the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and the disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential supports the view that alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism, paralleled by the presence of a pro-oxidant oxidation-reduction status, could be involved in the accelerated apoptotic loss of lymphocytes following surgical trauma and general anesthesia.
Cognitive outcome in children and young adults who sustained severe and moderate traumatic brain injury 10 years earlier

Objective: This study is a population-based, retrospective follow-up study of neuropsychological functions after severe and moderate TBI. Methods: One hundred and sixty-five survivors of TBI injured in 1987–1991 in the 0–17-year age group were identified. Of the traceable individuals (149), 53 patients who sustained injury at a mean of 9.96 years participated in a neuropsychological investigation 10 years post-injury. A control group of 40 healthy subjects, matched for age and sex was chosen. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was used. Results: The TBI group showed significantly poorer performance in tests of intellectual function, with substantially lower results in verbal tests and in tests of verbal learning and memory, visuo-constructive ability and executive functions. The severely injured group showed substantial recovery. Poor results in visuo-constructive tests and tests of executive functions remained. Conclusions: Severity of injury is an important factor when assessing outcome, even 10 years after childhood TBI. The TBI group obtained poorer results on most of the measurements compared with healthy controls. Verbal function was strongly affected which needs to be taken into consideration when preparing for rehabilitation programmes. Evaluations of final outcome should not be made before the subjects reach adulthood.
Population and Temperature Effects on Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Body Size and Minimum Development Time

ABSTRACT Understanding how ecological conditions influence physiological responses is fundamental to forensic entomology. When determining the minimum postmortem interval with blow fly evidence in forensic investigations, using a reliable and accurate model of development is integral. Many published studies vary in results, source populations, and experimental designs. Accordingly, disentangling genetic causes of developmental variation from environmental causes is difficult. This study determined the minimum time of development and pupal sizes of three populations of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae; from California, Michigan, and West Virginia) at two temperatures (20°C and 33.5°C). Development times differed significantly between strain and temperature. In addition, California pupae were the largest and fastest developing at 20°C, but at 33.5°C, though they still maintained their rank in size among the three populations, they were the slowest to develop. These results indicate a need to account for genetic differences in development, and genetic variation in environmental responses, when estimating a postmortem interval with entomological data.
ESR1 Mutations in Circulating Plasma Tumor DNA from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose: Mutations in the estrogen receptor (ER)α gene, ESR1, have been identified in breast cancer metastases after progression on endocrine therapies. Because of limitations of metastatic biopsies, the reported frequency of ESR1 mutations may be underestimated. Here, we show a high frequency of ESR1 mutations using circulating plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) from patients with metastatic breast cancer. Experimental Design: We retrospectively obtained plasma samples from eight patients with known ESR1 mutations and three patients with wild-type ESR1 identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of biopsied metastatic tissues. Three common ESR1 mutations were queried for using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In a prospective cohort, metastatic tissue and plasma were collected contemporaneously from eight ER-positive and four ER-negative patients. Tissue biopsies were sequenced by NGS, and ptDNA ESR1 mutations were analyzed by ddPCR. Results: In the retrospective cohort, all corresponding mutations were detected in ptDNA, with two patients harboring additional ESR1 mutations not present in their metastatic tissues. In the prospective cohort, three ER-positive patients did not have adequate tissue for NGS, and no ESR1 mutations were identified in tissue biopsies from the other nine patients. In contrast, ddPCR detected seven ptDNA ESR1 mutations in 6 of 12 patients (50%). Conclusions: We show that ESR1 mutations can occur at a high frequency and suggest that blood can be used to identify additional mutations not found by sequencing of a single metastatic lesion. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 993–9. ©2015 AACR.
Explanatory Style, Ego‐orientation and Primary School Mathematics Achievement

Abstract This project was concerned with the relationship between children's explanatory style (optimism vs pessimism) and achievement in mathematics indexed by the Progressive Achievement Test. A total of 145 children from Grades 4, 6 and 7 (aged 8 to 12 years) participated as subjects. The Children's Attributional Styles Questionnaire (CASQ) correlated significantly (r= 0.34) with current achievement and scores on the negative subscale of the CASQ correlated with achievement data collected 2 and 3 years previously. On a further questionnaire concerned with motives for learning, optimistic children endorsed task‐orientation goals, whereas ego‐orientation goals were endorsed by both optimistic and pessimistic children. Significant sex differences were found on the CASQ, with a greater number of boys displaying a relatively depressogenic pattern.
Palliative Care in Sub-Saharan Africa : a Systematic Review of the Qualitative Literature

Recently there has been a growing recognition of the need to advance African palliative care research. Importantly, this agenda has not been developed in isolation from indigenous African palliative care experts. Central to this advancement is the Declaration of Venice, which aims to develop a global palliative care research initiative with a special focus on resource-poor countries. This submitted paper seeks to contribute to the body of palliative care research on the continent by providing a systematic review of the qualitative research on end-of-life care in sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy, practice and further research. Using a comprehensive search strategy, the authors identify 51 papers that meet their explicit inclusion criteria. They conclude that research, needed to inform adequate end-of-life care in Africa, is at an early stage and multiple research areas need to be explored. Reviewer's report There are a number of comments to be made (they are not listed in any prioritised order), listed below. • Major Compulsory Revisions 1. Whilst eight electronic databases were searched over a significant time period, I wonder if African journals were also searched (e.g. using, for example, African Journals Online at http://ajol.info). It might be that (i) these journals appear on one or more of the eight searched databases or that (ii) they might not produce any results on the search terms used. However, it would be beneficial to if the authors at least checked out the possibility of that being the case. • Minor Essential Revisions 1. Abstract, 1st para: Is 'culturally competent' the correct phrase or 'culturally appropriate'? (Minor issues not for publication).
Exploring the Availability of Student Scientist Identities within Curriculum Discourse: An anti-essentialist approach to gender-inclusive science

This article takes an anti-essentialist approach to the gendered construction of the science curriculum and its exclusivity. Drawing on post-structuralist theory, it examines the student subject positions that are generated within the dominant discourses and practices of curriculum science. A critical discourse analysis of student interview talk demonstrates the importance of both gender and ethnicity in the production of, or rejection of, scientist identities. While hegemonic masculinity can provide comfortable scientist identities for some males, femininity is less compatible with physical scientist subjectivities, although the 'otherness' of ethnicity can provide exceptions to this. Meanwhile, constructivist discourses of science, more often associated with biology, offer the possibility of a wider range of student scientist identities that transcend masculine/feminine dualisms. This approach to gender and science not only explains why physical science remains the preserve of a largely male elite without resorting to essentialism, but also offers evidence that wider inclusivity requires reconfiguration of the nature of science in the curriculum.