Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Performance of Analysts with a CFA Designation: The Role of Human-Capital and Signaling Theories

ABSTRACT: This study compares the performance of sell‐side equity analysts with and without a Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA) designation. Using a large sample of forecasts, our tests indicate that CFA charterholders issue forecasts that are timelier than those of non‐charterholders. The results for accuracy are mixed. We establish that while charterholders perform at statistically significant higher levels than non‐charterholders in some tests, the economic significance of these differences is questionable. For a subsample of analysts, we find evidence that charterholders improve along the dimension of timeliness after they receive their CFA charter. This result provides support for a human‐capital explanation in which charterholders improve their productivity during the CFA program. Finally, we show that the market reaction for smaller firms is stronger for charterholders than non‐charterholders after controlling for timeliness, boldness, accuracy, and optimism. This result provides evidence consiste.
DigitSpace: Designing Thumb-to-Fingers Touch Interfaces for One-Handed and Eyes-Free Interactions

Thumb-to-fingers interfaces augment touch widgets on fingers, which are manipulated by the thumb. Such interfaces are ideal for one-handed eyes-free input since touch widgets on the fingers enable easy access by the stylus thumb. This study presents DigitSpace, a thumb-to-fingers interface that addresses two ergonomic factors: hand anatomy and touch precision. Hand anatomy restricts possible movements of a thumb, which further influences the physical comfort during the interactions. Touch precision is a human factor that determines how precisely users can manipulate touch widgets set on fingers, which determines effective layouts of the widgets. Buttons and touchpads were considered in our studies to enable discrete and continuous input in an eyes-free manner. The first study explores the regions of fingers where the interactions can be comfortably performed. According to the comfort regions, the second and third studies explore effective layouts for button and touchpad widgets. The experimental results indicate that participants could discriminate at least 16 buttons on their fingers. For touchpad, participants were asked to perform unistrokes. Our results revealed that since individual participant performed a coherent writing behavior, personalized $1 recognizers could offer 92% accuracy on a cross-finger touchpad. A series of design guidelines are proposed for designers, and a DigitSpace prototype that uses magnetic-tracking methods is demonstrated.
Activation in the neural network responsible for categorization and recognition reflects parameter changes

According to various influential formal models of cognition, perceptual categorization and old−new recognition recruit the same memory system. By contrast, the prevailing view in the cognitive neuroscience literature is that separate neural systems mediate perceptual categorization and recognition. A direct form of evidence is that separate brain regions are activated when observers engage in categorization and recognition tasks involving the same types of stimuli. However, even if the same memory-based comparison processes underlie categorization and recognition, one would not expect to see identical patterns of brain activity across the tasks; the reason is that observers would adjust parameter settings (e.g., vary criterion settings) across the tasks to satisfy the different task goals. In this fMRI study, we conducted categorization and recognition tasks in which stimulus conditions were held constant, and in which observers were induced to vary hypothesized parameter settings across conditions. A formal exemplar model was fitted to the data to track the changes in parameters to help interpret the fMRI results. We observed systematic effects of changes in parameters on patterns of brain activity, which were interpretable in terms of differing forms of evidence accumulation that resulted from the changed parameter settings. After controlling for stimulus and parameter-related differences, we found little evidence that categorization and recognition recruit separate memory systems.
Athletes’ experiences of psychosocial risk factors preceding injury

The risk of being injured while engaging in sport and exercise is statistically high. Therefore, it is important to understand the psychosocial mechanisms underlying susceptibility to injury in sport and exercise settings because of the potential to enhance well‐being at the individual level and reduce economic costs for society. Existing theoretical models of injury risk point to psychosocial antecedents, such as personality factors, history of stressors, coping resources and peripheral narrowing, as precursors of susceptibility to injury. The aim of the study was to describe and structure athletes’ experiences of psychosocial risk factors preceding injury based on existing theoretical models. Twenty competitive athletes (mean age 22.7 years) were interviewed about experiences of psychosocial risk factors and connections between psychosocial risk factors and occurrence of acute injury. Based on a thematic content analysis, four risk factors emerged: history of stressors, person factors, fatigue and ineffective coping. The findings revealed several parallels to existing theoretical models and findings in the previous literature. Three out of four core themes emerged that coincide with Williams and Andersen’s stress–injury model. In addition, a not so often discussed finding, fatigue, was identified as a theme in athletes’ responses. Several sub‐themes are discussed in relation to Rogers and Landers’ coping model and Wasserman’s stress–vulnerability model. Recommendations are given for individual athletes and for others involved in preventing injury occurrence in sport and exercise settings.
The Use of DBN-HMMs for Mispronunciation Detection and Diagnosis in L2 English to Support Computer-Aided Pronunciation Training

This paper investigates acoustic modeling using the hybrid DBN-HMM framework in mispronunciation detection and diagnosis of L2 English. This is one of the first efforts that compare the performance of DBN-HMM with that of the best-tuned GMM-HMM trained in ML and MWE on the same set of features. Previous work in ASR has also shown the necessity of unsupervised pre-training for DBNs to work well. We explore further the effect of training our ASR engine in an unsupervised manner with additional unannotated L2 data from the test speakers. This is compared with the original ASR that has been trained with annotated data in a supervised manner. Experiments show that DBN-HMM can give significant improvement (between 13-18% relative in word pronunciation error rate) but is computationally more expensive.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by College Women within the Context of a History of Victimization

Using a longitudinal design, the current study explored intimate partner violence perpetration among 1,300 college women within the context of one's history of physical and sexual victimization across 4 years of college. Structural equation modeling indicated that sexual victimization does not predict concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but does predict subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence during the later years of college. In contrast, physical victimization is associated positively with concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but is negatively associated with subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence for women. Furthermore, the negative relationship of victimization to subsequent perpetration primarily is due to those with high levels of victimization histories. The present study provides the first model of intimate partner violence within the context of victimization history using longitudinal data. The findings indicate that women's intimate partner violence perpetration is not context-free, but rather is influenced by their own physical and sexual victimization histories.
Cognitive processing in children: Relation to anxiety and family influences

Used an information-processing task to investigate cognitive biases associated with trait anxiety in children. Participants were presented with ambiguous situations requiring them to generate interpretations and behavioral plans. The influence of parents on children's interpretations was also assessed by administering the ambiguous-situations questionnaire (ASQ) before and after a family discussion of those same situations. Results demonstrated a high correlation between trait anxiety scores and anxious responses during the ASQ (p < .01). In addition, parents' intervening discussion appeared to be related to changes in children's anxious responding. Although preliminary, the findings imply that cognitive biases related to anxiety in children are similar to those found in adults, and that parents might play a role in influencing the degree of these biases.
Intracellular factors for the maintenance of calcium currents in perfused neurones from the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis.

Isolated nerve cell bodies from Lymnaea stagnalis were internally perfused and voltage‐clamped. The magnitude of the Ca2+ current was monitored while perfusing with various intracellular solutions. When the intracellular perfusate was unenriched (containing only inorganic ions, 100 mM‐HEPES and 5 mM‐EGTA), the Ca2+ current was found to 'wash out', falling to half of its maximum value approximately 30‐40 min from the beginning of perfusion. Stopping the flow of the perfusing solution increased this half‐time to more than 50 min. The current‐voltage relationship changed only slightly during wash‐out. The addition of 2 mM‐ATP and 1 mM‐Mg2+ to the internal perfusate prevented, and even reversed, wash‐out of the Ca2+ current. Both ATP and Mg2+ were necessary for maximal effect. Such current loss as occurred in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ was associated with a decrease in the capacitance of the cell and probably resulted from membrane being pulled into the pipette. The rate of inactivation of the Ca2+ current increased during perfusion with an unenriched internal solution, but decreased to initial values when ATP and Mg2+ were added to the internal perfusate. Although intracellular Mg2+ was necessary for the prevention of wash‐out, levels higher than 1 mM had a blocking effect on the Ca2+ current. Certain factors that promote cyclic AMP‐dependent protein phosphorylation (internal: cyclic AMP, theophylline and catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase; external: dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 8‐bromo cyclic AMP and forskolin) had no effect on the magnitude of the Ca2+ current in cells perfused with ATP and Mg2+. Externally applied theophylline blocked the Ca2+ current. The mechanism through which ATP and Mg2+ act to prevent wash‐out of the Ca2+ current may be to enhance the ability of the cell to lower the Ca2+ concentration near the inner surface of the plasma membrane. This would prevent both the reversible block of Ca2+ current by intracellular Ca2+ and an irreversible loss of current due to high levels of intracellular Ca2+.
Parents' optimism is related to their ratings of their children's behaviour

Associations between parents' dispositional optimism‐pessimism (LOT‐R) and their ratings of their children's behaviour were studied prospectively from infancy (M = 6.3, SD = 1.3 months) to middle childhood (M = 5.5, SD = 0.23 years) (n = 212). One parent's higher optimism (overall LOT‐R and component score) and/or lower pessimism (component score) at infancy predicted the same parent's own but not the other parent's ratings of the child's behaviour as less internalising and less externalising, and socially more competent and greater in self‐mastery in middle childhood, even when controlling for child's positive and negative affectivity 5 years earlier. Ratings of lower negative affectivity in their infant predicted the same parent's increasing optimism and decreasing pessimism over 5 years. The associations between parental optimism and the child's social competence and self‐mastery survived after adjustments for parental neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Neither parent nor child gender systematically moderated the associations. The current findings shed light on the developmental paths of children's positive behavioural outcomes. (n = 144). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Perspectives Technology Appropriation: Analysis of Open Source Software Implementation Failure

Adoption of new technology such as Open Source Software (OSS) is one of the important issues in organizations. Despite being considered as cost effective by many organizations, OSS implementation still encounters many challenges. This paper describes a case study conducted at one of Malaysia’s public universities which initially adopted Open Source based applications but then later rejected them. An integrated framework that combines a multiple perspectives approach and the Model of Technology Appropriation is proposed in this study. This framework facilitates the understanding of why and how organizations adopt and use OSS. The study identified various criteria influencing the OSS appropriation process from multiple perspectives in the organization as well as its status of OSS appropriation. This understanding assists in effective implementation decisions which could lead to more effective use of the OSS technology.
Use of HLA typing in diagnosing celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the use of HLA typing for the diagnosis of celiac disease in a group of Australians with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects included 131 sequential patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 17 years [range 10-37]), 77 patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease (mean age 52 years [range 12-84]), and 162 healthy control subjects (mean age 17 years [range 2 months to 56 years]). Subjects were prospectively screened for celiac disease using endomysial antibodies (EMAs), tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTGAs), and celiac disease-specific HLA typing. RESULTS Celiac disease was diagnosed in 11 subjects after an intestinal biopsy (prevalence 8.4%). There was 95% agreement between TTGA and EMA for positive results and 100% for negative results. There was no significant difference for HLA DQ2 and DR4 among patients with type 1 diabetes with or without celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of celiac disease among patients with type 1 diabetes is higher than previously estimated in Australia. TTGA is a valuable diagnostic tool that can be used for screening celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. HLA typing should not be used in the diagnosis of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes because of the similarities of HLA types between patients with type 1 diabetes and those with celiac disease.
MRI of cardiac involvement in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac MRI features in a group of patients with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with transthyretin FAP underwent 2D echocardiography with Doppler examination, cardiac MRI, and (99m)Tc-diphosphonate (DPD) scintigraphy. Four patients had peripheral polyneuropathy, three had carpal tunnel syndrome, one patient had symptoms and signs of heart failure, and eight patients had no symptoms but had a family history of FAP. At MRI, cardiac function parameters and delayed contrast enhancement findings were evaluated. RESULTS Six patients had cardiac radiotracer uptake at scintigraphy (FAP cardiac group), and 10 patients had no cardiac uptake (FAP noncardiac group). The FAP cardiac group included the four patients with peripheral neuropathy, one patient with carpal tunnel syndrome, and the only patient with heart failure. At MRI, abnormal contrast enhancement was found in all patients with positive scintigraphic findings and in no patient with negative scintigraphic findings. All patients had involvement of the left ventricle and other chambers or structures (atria, right ventricle, tricuspid valve leaflets). Left ventricular contrast enhancement was focal in four patients, subendocardial circumferential in one patient, and diffuse in one patient. The only patient with signs of heart failure had circumferential subendocardial enhancement. CONCLUSION Cardiac contrast-enhanced MRI can be used to identify cardiac amyloidosis in patients with FAP who do not have clinical signs of heart involvement. In these patients, the typical subendocardial circumferential pattern of contrast enhancement is rare. We observed unusual enhancement patterns as focal or diffuse left ventricular enhancement accompanied by enhancement of the atria, tricuspid valve, or right ventricle.
Ultrarapid Induction of Hypothermia Using Continuous Automated Peritoneal Lavage With Ice-Cold Fluids: Final Results of the Cooling for Cardiac Arrest or Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Trial

Objectives:Hypothermia (32–34°C) can mitigate ischemic brain injury, and some evidence suggests that it can reduce infarct size in acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke. For some indications, speed of cooling may be crucial in determining efficacy. We performed a multicenter prospective intervention study to test an ultrarapid cooling technology, the Velomedix Automated Peritoneal Lavage System using ice-cold fluids continuously circulating through the peritoneal cavity to rapidly induce and maintain hypothermia in comatose patients after cardiac arrest and a small number of awake patients with acute myocardial infarction. Design:Multicenter prospective intervention study. Setting:Intensive care- and coronary care units of multiple tertiary referral centers. Measurements and Main Results:Access to the peritoneal cavity was gained using a modified blunt dilating instrument, followed by catheter placement. Patients were cooled to a temperature of 32.5°C, maintained for 24 hours (cardiac arrest) or 3 hours (acute myocardial infarction) followed by controlled rewarming. Forty-nine patients were enrolled, and 46 patients completed treatment. One placement was unsuccessful (abdominal wall not breached), two patients were ultimately not cooled, and only safety data are reported. Average catheter insertion time was 2.3 minutes. Mean time to temperature less than 33°C was 10.4 minutes (average cooling rate, 14°C/hr). Median infarct size in patients who had coronary interventions was 16% of LV. No cases of stent thrombosis occurred. Survival in cardiac arrest patients with initial rhythm of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation was 56%, of whom 82 had a complete neurologic recovery. This compares favorably to outcomes from previous studies. Conclusion:Automated peritoneal lavage system is a safe and ultrarapid method to induce and maintain hypothermia, which appears feasible in cardiac arrest patients and awake patients with acute myocardial infarction. The shivering response appeared to be delayed and much reduced with this technology, diminishing metabolic disorders associated with cooling and minimizing sedation requirement. Our data suggest that ultrarapid cooling could prevent subtle neurologic damage compared with slower cooling. This will need to be confirmed in direct comparative studies.
Disciplining Investment Bankers, Disciplining the Economy: Wall Street's Institutional Culture of Crisis and the Downsizing of “Corporate America”

ABSTRACT Countering the “mystique” of finance as abstract and disembedding, in this article I approach the financial market from the site of investment banking corporate culture to concretize large-scale processes and access its effects in the world. By investigating Wall Street investment banks’ role in two pivotal socioeconomic phenomena—rampant downsizings throughout “corporate America” and the financial bubble and bust of 2001—I explore whether financial crises and corporate downsizing can be better understood via Wall Street's quotidian practices. I draw theoretical inspiration from the figure of the downsized investment banker, who embodies and connects Wall Street's rationales for downsizing as well as “the effects. ” Although shareholder value and externalized market justifications are Wall Street's models for understanding downsizing, I move beyond these dominant assumptions, demonstrating that bankers’ own work experiences, market temporalities, and organizational culture serve as an incisive model to explain Wall Street's role in downsizing and financial crisis. [Keywords: Wall Street, corporate downsizing, financial markets, shareholder value, organizational culture]
The Impacts of Sense of Community, Community Provisions, and Acculturation Attitudes on Parental Satisfaction among Korean Immigrants

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a sense of community, community provisions, and acculturation attitudes towards Korean and American cultures are related to Korean immigrant parents' parental satisfaction. 477 surveys, consisting of 291 females and 186 males, were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that a sense of community directly influenced acculturation attitudes toward American culture and parental satisfaction. Acculturation attitudes toward American culture also directly influenced parental satisfaction. A sense of community had significant indirect effects on parental satisfaction. These results imply that a sense of community within a larger community plays an important role in Korean immigrant parents' acquisition of identities as members of a new country. Building a sense of community is also important for them to experience less acculturation stress and become more satisfied with their parenting while adjusting to a new culture. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Looking Inside

This article explores ways that behavioral decision theory can predict and explain patterns of decisions that managers make in their efforts to maximize the economic value and scarcity potential of a firm’s portfolio of resources. The authors argue that psychology can offer a deeper and more nuanced look “inside” resource-based theory (RBT) as an efficiency-oriented, resource-focused analytical tool for discerning firm performance differences. The authors focus their inquiry on the resource acquisition, accumulation, and divestment processes that determine the components of a firm’s resource portfolio, developing a two-dimension framework to facilitate and extend the implementation of a decision-based approach to RBT. The first dimension describes three key psychological contexts of decisions, distinguishing among (a) perceptions of a firm’s existing resources, (b) the experience or competence of the decision makers, and (c) the framing of how alternatives are presented to decision makers. The second dimension captures the psychologically meaningful distinction between single choices made in isolation and simultaneous choices. Drawing on experimental and field research, the authors develop six testable propositions and explore potential for future theoretical and empirical contributions. The framework can help scholars specify the psychological foundations of a firm’s resource portfolio’s economic value and scarcity potential while helping managers delineate relevant considerations they must adopt to enhance a firm’s profitability.