Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous administration of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent withdrawal after prolonged sedation in children.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of switching to subcutaneous fentanyl with or without midazolam to prevent withdrawal after prolonged sedation in children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN Retrospective review of hospital records. SETTING Tertiary care center, PICU. PATIENTS The cohort for the study included patients who had received subcutaneous fentanyl with or without midazolam to prevent withdrawal after prolonged sedation in the PICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Subcutaneous fentanyl with or without midazolam was administered to nine patients ranging in age from 3 to 7 yrs (mean, 4.4 +/- 1.8 yrs) and ranging in weight from 11 to 31 kg (mean, 20.1 +/- 6.8 kg). All patients required prolonged administration of fentanyl with or without midazolam during mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. The starting infusion rate for subcutaneous fentanyl varied from 5 to 9 microg/kg/hr (mean, 7.1 +/- 1.4 microg/kg/hr). Four patients also received subcutaneous midazolam at a rate of 0.15 to 0.3 mg/kg/hr (mean, 0.24 mg/kg/hr). Subcutaneous access was maintained for 3-7 days (mean, 5.7 +/- 1.4 days) in the nine patients. No problems with the subcutaneous access were noted during treatment. The fentanyl infusion was decreased by 1 microg/kg/hr every 12-24 hrs and the midazolam infusion was decreased by 0.05 mg/kg/hr every 12-24 hrs. No patient demonstrated signs of symptoms of moderate to severe withdrawal. CONCLUSION The subcutaneous route provides an effective alternative to intravenous administration. It allows for gradual weaning from sedative/analgesic agents after prolonged sedation while eliminating the need to maintain intravenous access.
Are We All Green Now? Public Opinion on Environmentalism in Britain

OWING TO THE GROWTH OF THE GREEN MOVEMENT IN THE 1980S MANY feel that Britain has experienced a cultural revolution on environmental issues. According to conventional wisdom, public opinion has come to reflect a deep-rooted and widespread sense of environmental awareness, with long-term consequences for British politics. Yearley suggests that there has been a significant ‘greening’ of British public opinion in recent years. ’ In a series of articles reviewing attitudes towards environmental values, Young concludes that evidence for a culture shift ‘is almost beyond dispute’. Environmentalists commonly make three distinct claims, namely: there has been a growth of public concern about environmental issues; as a result public support for green policies and ideas has increased; in turn this has led to greater environmental activism, including support for the Green Party, involvement in environmental groups and green consumerism.
Development of Long-Wavelength-Emitting Scintillators with Improved Decay Time Characteristics

Liquid and plastic fluors have been prepared which emit in the 550- to 600-nm region. Ternary liquid systems with decay times as short as 1.3 ns at 560 nm and plastic fluors with decay times less than 3 ns at 560 nm are reported. Other liquid and plastic fluors are reported with improved emission characteristics in the region of 600 nm. Conversion efficiences, on a pulse amplitude basis, are generally lower than that of a commercially available 570 nm - 16 ns plastic fluor.
Development and Validation of the Work Effort Scale

In the current article, the development and validation of the Work Effort Scale (WESC), a self-report 10-item scale, is described. Data from several samples are used. The three-factor structure (persistence, direction, and intensity) of the WESC is confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability is well documented. In accordance with our expectations, we found positive correlations between self-rated performance and global job satisfaction scales and work effort.
Down‐regulated desmocollin‐2 promotes cell aggressiveness through redistributing adherens junctions and activating beta‐catenin signalling in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

In contrast to the well‐recognized loss of adherens junctions in cancer progression, the role of desmosomal components in cancer development has not been well explored. We previously demonstrated that desmocollin‐2 (DSC2), a desmosomal cadherin protein, is reduced in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is associated with enhanced tumour metastasis and poor prognosis. Here, we report that restoration of DSC2 in ESCC cells impeded cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, whereas siRNA‐mediated suppression of DSC2 expression increased cell motility. In E‐cadherin‐expressing ESCC cells, DSC2 restoration strengthened E‐cadherin‐mediated adherens junctions and promoted the localization of β‐catenin at these junctions, which indirectly inhibited β‐catenin‐dependent transcription. These effects of DSC2 were not present in EC109 cells that lacked E‐cadherin expression. ESCC patients with tumours that had reduced E‐cadherin and negative DSC2 had poorer clinical outcomes than patients with tumours that lacked either E‐cadherin or DSC2, implying that the invasive potential of ESCC cells was restricted by both DSC2 and E‐cadherin‐dependent junctions. Further studies revealed that DSC2 was a downstream target of miR‐25. Enhanced miR‐25 promoted ESCC cell invasiveness, whereas restoration of DSC2 abolished these effects. Collectively, our work suggests that miR‐25‐mediated down‐regulation of DSC2 promotes ESCC cell aggressiveness through redistributing adherens junctions and activating beta‐catenin signalling. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roles of infectious agents in atherosclerosis and restenosis: an assessment of the evidence and need for future research.

The past few years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the possibility that infectious processes may contribute to arterial diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after arterial intervention. The recent recognition that Helicobacter pylori contributes to peptic ulcers illustrates how a disease previously believed to result primarily from excessive gastric acid production often involves a microbial pathogen. Although hypercholesterolemia clearly predisposes to development of coronary heart disease, many patients with arterial pathology have serum cholesterol levels within or below the average range. Coronary heart disease frequently affects individuals who lack other traditional risk factors as well. These findings suggest that heretofore unrecognized risk factors may also contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. At a recent Special Emphasis Panel convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, a number of experts reviewed the evidence for links between infectious processes and atherosclerosis and restenosis. This report will summarize and examine critically the evidence for involvement of infectious agents in arterial diseases based on the deliberations of this expert panel. It will also highlight some of the unanswered questions in this area that may warrant further investigation. Many reports of associations between a wide variety of infectious agents and atherosclerosis have recently appeared. An exhaustive evaluation of each of these purported associations lies beyond the scope of this survey. Rather, we will concentrate particularly on two particular infectious agents, one viral and one bacterial, currently linked with atherogenesis and supported by emerging evidence. Specifically, this report will focus primarily on herpesviruses, particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), as an example of a viral agent and Chlamydia pneumoniae ( C pneumoniae , also known as the TWAR strain on the basis of its original laboratory designation) as an example of a bacterial pathogen. Although the preponderance of recent studies have examined CMV and Chlamydia , …
unemployment, social support, individual resources, and job search behavior

The authors investigated the relation between the social support received by unemployed individuals (N = 104) and their job search behavior. A moderated mediation model demonstrated that the effect of social support on job search behaviors was mediated by self-esteem but only if adequacy of social support was perceived as low. In addition, the effect of social support on job search behavior was partially mediated by optimistic expectations and resilience. In sum, social support seems to be a resource with complex and partially surprising effects on job search behavior.
A Network Assisted Fast Handover Scheme for IEEE 802.16E Networks

The IEEE 802.16e provides QoS for real-time traffic; however, the packet transmission delay due to the handover process is still a big concern. Therefore, a fast handover approach to minimize the blocking time of real-time traffic is necessary for providing QoS. In this paper, we present a novel network architecture for IEEE 802.16e, which is still compatible to the IEEE 802.16e standard. Based on this architecture, a network assisted fast handover scheme (NFHO) is proposed to shorten the handover time. Performance evaluation has shown that our proposed NFHO scheme reduces the service disruption time by 98.2% and 96.8% compared to association levels 1 and 2 / Choi et al. of the IEEE 802.16e, respectively, for scanning just one base station (BS). Our improvements will be even better if scanning more BSs. In addition, the proposed NFHO scheme reduces the service disruption time by 78.4% with five neighbouring BSs scanning compared to Lee et al.
Looking deeper than (just) below the surface

1. Abrams AM, Melrose RJ, Howell FV. Necrotizing sialometaplasia. A disease simulating malignancy. Cancer 1973; 32: 130–5. 2. Fernando BS, Thaung C, Ataullah S, Chakravarthi R, Bonshek R, Sloan P. Necrotizing metaplasia of lacrimal gland/necrotizing dacryometaplasia. Histopathology 2007; 51: 578–80. 3. Brannon RB, Fowler CB, Hartman KS. Necrotizing sialometaplasia. A clinicopathologic study of sixty-nine cases and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991; 72: 317–25. 4. Tsuji T, Nishide Y, Hakano H, Kida K, Satoh K. Imaging findings of necrotizing sialometaplasia of the parotid gland: case report and literature review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014; 43: 20140127. 5. Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC, Rathmell JP. Clinicopathologic review of 142 cases of lacrimal gland lesions. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 431–5.
Parliaments as Gendered Institutions: The Irish Oireachtas

This article examines the Irish Parliament (Oireachtas) as a gendered institution through an analysis of the gendered pattern of portfolio allocation in leadership roles (cabinet ministers, ministers of state and parliamentary committee chairs) from the late 1970s to 2012. Its aim is to analyse the extent to which the political leadership roles allocated to women have been clustered into a narrow band of portfolio areas that can be identified as being in line with world views based on a high level of gender difference, and that assigns caring and nurturing roles to women. The international literature suggests that this type of gender stereotyping in parliaments has reduced over time. However, the Irish case does not conform to this trend. The article demonstrates that since the end of the 1970s the Irish Parliament has had a degree of gender stereotyping that is high by international standards, and has deepened during the past decade.
A Material Paradox: Socioeconomic Status, Young People's Disposable Income and Consumer Culture

It is commonly assumed that young people's disposable income reflects the socioeconomic status of their family, those in more advantaged situations having more money than those who are disadvantaged. Plausible though this assumption is, evidence on the issue is surprisingly thin. Using data from a longitudinal study of young people in the West of Scotland, first surveyed aged 11 and followed up at ages 13 and 15, we examine the social distribution of pocket money and earnings from domestic and external work by reference to social class, material deprivation and several poverty indicators. The results show an inverse relationship between mean income and both social class and deprivation at each age, which at age 15 extends to each source of income. With respect to poverty indicators, the finding that ‘poorer’ children had more money at earlier ages did not extend to age 15. Further evidence on consumer attitudes and possessions shows that each is related to personal income while attitudes are not class related and consumer possessions increase with falling social class. The ‘material paradox’ that young people from poorer backgrounds have more money in their pockets than their richer counterparts has to be understood within a context of class and consumer culture.
A Characterization of Scale Invariant Responses in Enzymatic Networks

An ubiquitous property of biological sensory systems is adaptation: a step increase in stimulus triggers an initial change in a biochemical or physiological response, followed by a more gradual relaxation toward a basal, pre-stimulus level. Adaptation helps maintain essential variables within acceptable bounds and allows organisms to readjust themselves to an optimum and non-saturating sensitivity range when faced with a prolonged change in their environment. Recently, it was shown theoretically and experimentally that many adapting systems, both at the organism and single-cell level, enjoy a remarkable additional feature: scale invariance, meaning that the initial, transient behavior remains (approximately) the same even when the background signal level is scaled. In this work, we set out to investigate under what conditions a broadly used model of biochemical enzymatic networks will exhibit scale-invariant behavior. An exhaustive computational study led us to discover a new property of surprising simplicity and generality, uniform linearizations with fast output (ULFO), whose validity we show is both necessary and sufficient for scale invariance of three-node enzymatic networks (and sufficient for any number of nodes). Based on this study, we go on to develop a mathematical explanation of how ULFO results in scale invariance. Our work provides a surprisingly consistent, simple, and general framework for understanding this phenomenon, and results in concrete experimental predictions.
Generalized Multicast Multibeam Precoding for Satellite Communications

This paper deals with the problem of precoding in multibeam satellite systems. In contrast to general multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output cellular schemes, multibeam satellite architectures suffer from different challenges. First, satellite communications standards embed more than one user in each frame in order to increase the channel coding gain. This leads to the different so-called multigroup multicast models, whose optimization requires computationally complex operations. Second, when the data traffic is generated by several Earth stations (gateways), the precoding matrix must be distributively computed and meet additional payload restrictions. Third, since the feedback channel is adverse (large delay and quantization errors), the precoding must be able to deal with such uncertainties. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, we propose a two-stage precoding design in order to both limit the multibeam interference and to enhance the intra-beam minimum user signal power (i.e., the one that dictates the rate allocation per beam). A robust version of the proposed precoder based on a first perturbation model is presented. This mechanism behaves well when the channel state information is corrupted. Furthermore, we propose a per beam user grouping mechanism together with its robust version in order to increase the precoding gain. Finally, a method for dealing with the multiple gateway architecture is presented, which offers high throughputs with a low inter-gateway communication. The conceived designs are evaluated with a close-to-real beam pattern and the latest broadband communication standard for satellite communications.
Connecting with Millennials: Using Tag Clouds to Build a Folksonomy from Key Home Economics Documents

Coinciding with the celebration of the centennial of the International Federation for Home Economics (IFHE) in 2008 and the American Association for Family and Consumer Sciences in 2009, several celebratory events have taken place and a number of artifacts produced. These serve as a permanent legacy and historical account of the attainment of the centennial. In this study, selected artifacts are analyzed and presented using a contemporary tool that connects specifically with the multiliteracy capabilities of the emerging generation in schools, tertiary institutions and new entrants in the workforce-the Millennials-who are the future generation of home economists. Through the use of tag clouds evidence of the emergence of a folksonomy of terms associated with the field is apparent, featuring words such as: profession, social, life, and future.
University student and lecturer perceptions of positive emotions in learning

This paper presents results of an investigation exploring the experience and functionality of positive feelings and emotions in learning and teaching. The role of emotions in learning is receiving increasing attention; however, few studies have researched how university students and academics experience and perceive positive emotions. A prototype approach to emotion measurement is used to analyse interview data of students and lecturers at an Australian university. Themes associated with five positive emotions are explored and student and lecturer views compared.
Germline mutations of the BRCA1‐associated ring domain (BARD1) gene in breast and breast/ovarian families negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations

BARD1 (BRCA1‐associated RING domain) was identified by yeast two‐hybrid screening as a protein interacting with BRCA1. Somatic and germline mutations of BARD1 have been detected in sporadic breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. The present study represents the first description of BARD1 germline mutations in hereditary breast and breast/ovarian cancer patients. We analyzed the BARD1 gene in 40 families with hereditary breast and breast/ovarian cancer, tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A mutational analysis by PCR‐SSCP on the coding region and the exon–intron splice boundaries of the BARD1 gene yielded four different germline mutations. A group of 20 patients diagnosed with sporadic breast cancer below the age of 40 was also examined and only one germline mutation was found. A study of loss of heterozygosity at the BARD1 locus in neoplastic tissues from patients with BARD1 germline mutations was carried out. In all cases, we were unable to find any evidence for allelic deletions. The involvement of BARD1 mutations in the susceptibility to hereditary breast and breast/ovarian cancer is discussed.
Factors Influencing Students' Choice of an Accounting Major in Australia

This study explores the influential factors that affect business students' selection of a major course of study at the tertiary level in Australian universities. The present research examined the differences in the impact that various influential factors had on the decision to major in accounting among students studying at Australian universities. The sample was collected from a survey of undergraduate and graduate students studying at two large Australian universities in November 2005. A total of 46 domestic and 68 international students participated in this study. The results showed that domestic students possessed higher levels of creativity and were more likely to select majors in subjects other than accounting. Conversely, it was found that although Chinese students possessed relatively lower levels of creativity, they were more likely to major in accounting when studying in Australia. Another finding from this study was that Asian students other than Chinese perceived the accounting profession as a career with less procedural characteristics so they were more likely to major in accounting compared to domestic Australian students who regarded the profession as one that had greater procedural characteristics. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the differences in students' creativity and procedural images of the accounting profession among domestic and international students and of how these factors influenced their choice of an accounting major.
‘The dying of the light’: the impact of the spending cuts, and cuts to employment law protections, on disability adjustments in British local authorities

Adjustments to working arrangements and the working environment have enabled organisations to recruit and retain valuable staff and helped disabled individuals to work and progress in their careers. The qualitative study reported in this paper indicates that generally good adjustments-related practice across 33 British local authorities was beginning to deteriorate under the impact of government spending cuts; and was at further risk from the dismantling of legal protections. The findings have implications for local authorities, but also for national policy-makers and those wishing to influence them.
Complex Interactions between Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Malaria in Pregnant Women on the Thai-Burmese Border

Background Deworming is recommended by the WHO in girls and pregnant and lactating women to reduce anaemia in areas where hookworm and anaemia are common. There is conflicting evidence on the harm and the benefits of intestinal geohelminth infections on the incidence and severity of malaria, and consequently on the risks and benefits of deworming in malaria affected populations. We examined the association between geohelminths and malaria in pregnancy on the Thai-Burmese border. Methodology Routine antenatal care (ANC) included active detection of malaria (weekly blood smear) and anaemia (second weekly haematocrit) and systematic reporting of birth outcomes. In 1996 stool samples were collected in cross sectional surveys from women attending the ANCs. This was repeated in 2007 when malaria incidence had reduced considerably. The relationship between geohelminth infection and the progress and outcome of pregnancy was assessed. Principal Findings Stool sample examination (339 in 1996, 490 in 2007) detected a high prevalence of geohelminths 70% (578/829), including hookworm (42.8% (355)), A. lumbricoides (34.4% (285)) and T.trichuria (31.4% (250)) alone or in combination. A lower proportion of women (829) had mild (21.8% (181)) or severe (0.2% (2)) anaemia, or malaria 22.4% (186) (P.vivax monoinfection 53.3% (101/186)). A. lumbricoides infection was associated with a significantly decreased risk of malaria (any species) (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23–0.84) and P.vivax malaria (AOR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11–0.79) whereas hookworm infection was associated with an increased risk of malaria (any species) (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.06–2.60) and anaemia (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.18–4.93). Hookworm was also associated with low birth weight (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02–3.23). Conclusion/Significance A. lumbricoides and hookworm appear to have contrary associations with malaria in pregnancy.