Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Putting the Spotlight on Invisible Family Caregivers.

Almost every aspect of the American health care system is changing rapidly. If there is one constant in these efforts, it is the move from expensive hospital-based care to less expensive care at home and in the community. To provide care for an aging population with multiple chronic conditions in this new environment, policy makers and health care professionals recognize the need for an expanded workforce trained in geriatrics.1 To date, workforce discussions have focused almost exclusively on expanding the pool ofwell-trained professionals and paraprofessionals. This perspective fails to fully recognize the invisible workforce of unpaid and largely untrained family caregivers (including relatives, friends, and neighbors)whoprovidemostof thecareathome. Inaddition to their more familiar roles assisting with personal care and household tasks, family caregivers provide and coordinate complex chronic care. Usingdata fromthe2011NationalHealthandAgingTrends Study and the linked National Study of Caregiving,Wolff and colleagues2 in this issueof JAMAInternalMedicinehaveadded compelling evidence toother studiesdemonstrating that family caregivers are anessential butvulnerable componentof the newhealth careworkforce.3While other national family caregiver surveys look at a broad age range of the estimated 40 to 44millionAmericans caring for adultswith chronic illnesses, the National Health and Aging Trends Study findings describe family caregiving for people 65 years and older, a particularly vulnerable population estimated in this study at 14.7 million. The study by Wolff and colleagues2 focuses on help provided by family caregivers in care coordination and medication management, two of the most common and challenging tasks in chronic care. Care coordination can include accompanying the person to physician visits and asking questions about treatments and medications. It can also include communications with a range of health care professionals, payers, and community services. Medication management may includeorganizingmultipledrugs inmany forms,making sure that the person takes them appropriately, and giving injections, infusions, and other treatments, as well as reporting adverse effects. While essential, such assistance takes a toll on caregivers. In the study by Wolff and colleagues,2 family caregiverswhoprovidedsubstantialhelp (definedasassistingwith bothcarecoordinationandmedicationmanagement)weresignificantlymore likely thanothers tobecaring for apersonwith dementia aloneordementia in conjunctionwitha severe functional disability. These caregivers were also more likely to be older, less likely to report their ownhealth as excellent or very good, and more likely to experience emotional and physical problems. Caregiving negatively affected their employment and their ability to participate in valued activities, supplementing evidence about the financial burden on families caring for people with dementia in the last 5 years of life.
Effect of Insertion and Removal of Tooth Supported Overdentures on Retention Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Two Commercially Available Attachment Systems

Purpose: The main problem with semiprecision attachment retained prosthesis is that they need frequent servicing in terms of replacing the female component. There is a need for a study to assess the life span and frequency of replacement of elastic components in the attachment systems. Aim: The aim of the study was to test the retention strength and fatigue resistance of Rhein OT cap and Ceka sagix attachment systems fabricated on the models. Materials and methods: Rhein OT cap (micro) and Ceka sagix attachments were procured. Acrylic resin mandibular models fabricated with teeth embedded at overdenture positions. Bar framework with attachments were cast and cemented on the model. Denture fabricated on this model was subjected to universal testing machine (UTM Instron 5900 series) for retention and fatigue test. The retention strength was measured at various cycles namely 1,440, 2,880, 4,320 and 5,760 cycles to check for the loss of retention and development of fatigue on the basis of average number of removals and placements per day for 1,2,3 and 4 years, respectively. The values of both the attachment systems were recorded at the respective cycles and a graphical analysis was carried out representing the retention loss and development of fatigue. Results: One-way ANOVA was used as part of the statistical analysis to compare the retention strength and fatigue resistance of both the attachment systems used. The results obtained proved that the retention values of both the attachment systems on tooth supported overdentures had a significant variation as they were subjected to increased number of cycles. Conclusion: Sagix and Rhein attachment systems showed adequate retention values up to the first 2 to 3 years (2,8804,320 cycles). Fatigue test simulating 4 years of denture insertion and removal did cause subsequent reduction in the retention values but no component fracture of attachment systems.
SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS AS DETERMINANTS OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR CONDUCIVE TO LIFE SATISFACTION ACROSS AGES

Abstract The present study tested the posited structural path of influence through which perceived self–efficacy of affect regulation operates in concert with perceived interpersonal self–efficacy to determine prosocial behavior, which in turn influences satisfaction with life in four age groups. A strong sense of efficacy in the regulation of positive and negative affect was associated with a high perceived efficacy in the management of social relationships and in empathic engagement in others' emotional experiences. Interpersonal self–efficacy directly affected prosocial behavior and entirely mediated the influence of affective self–efficacy on it. As predicted, prosocial behavior directly influenced life satisfaction, showing a higher path of influence for the oldest group as compared to the other ones. The structural model provided a better fit for the data than did alternative models.
Use of Residual Biomass from the Textile Industry as Carbon Source for Production of a Low-Molecular-Weight Xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae

Pretreated dirty cotton residue (PDCR) from the textile industry was used as an alternative carbon source for the submerged cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae and the production of xylanases. The filtered culture supernatant was fractionated by ultrafiltration followed by three chromatographic steps, which resulted in the isolation of a homogeneous low-molecular-weight xylanase (Xyl-O1) with a mass of 21.5 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) co-polymerized with 0.1% oat spelt xylan. Enzyme catalysis was the most efficient at 50 °C and pH 6.0. The Km values (mg·mL−1) for the soluble fraction of oat spelt and birchwood xylans were 10.05 and 3.34, respectively. Xyl-O1 was more stable in the presence of 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), l-cysteine or β-mercaptoethanol, which increased the rate of catalysis by 40%, 14%, 40% or 37%, respectively. The enzyme stability was improved at pH 7.0 in the presence of 20 mM l-cysteine, with the retention of nearly 100% of the activity after 6 h at 50 °C. Xyl-O1 catalyzed the cleavage of internal β-1,4 linkages of the soluble substrates containing d-xylose residues, with a maximum efficiency of 33% for the hydrolysis of birchwood xylan after 12 h of incubation. Identification of the hydrolysis products by high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) indicated the predominance of the hydrolysis products X2-X6 during the first 12 h of incubation and the accumulation of higher xylooligomers after the elution of the last xylooligomer standard, xylohexaose.
Effect of Marine-Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α: A Meta-Analysis

Background Previous studies did not draw a consistent conclusion about the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fasting blood level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Methods and Findings A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Medline (from 1950 to 2013) and bibliographies of relevant articles was undertaken. Sixty-eight RCTs with a total of 4601 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation showed a lowering effect on Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in three groups of subjects (subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, subjects with chronic autoimmune disease and healthy subjects). A significant negative linear relationship between duration and effect size of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation on fasting blood levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease was observed, indicating that longer duration of supplementation could lead to a greater lowering effect. A similar linear relationship was also observed for IL-6 levels in healthy subjects. Restricted cubic spline analysis and subgroup analysis showed that the lowering effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease became weakened when body mass index was greater than 30 kg/m2. The effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs from dietary intake was only assessed in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, and a significant lowering effect was observed on IL-6, but not on CRP and TNF-α. Conclusions Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α level. The lowering effect was most effective in non-obese subjects and consecutive long-term supplementation was recommended.
Structure and elastic properties of quartz at pressure

Unit cells and crystal structures were determined on a single crystal of quartz at seven pressures from I atm to 61.4 kbar. Unit-cell parameters are a:4'916(l) and c : 5.a054(4)A at I atm, and a: 4.7O22(3) and c : 5.2561Q)A at 61.4 kbar. Structural changes observed over this pressure range include a decrease in the Si-O-Si angle ftom 143.73(7)" to 134.2(l)"' a decrease in the average Si-O bond distance from 1.6092(7) to 1.605(l)A, and an increase in distortion ofthe silicate tetrahedron. Several O-O distances show very large changes (ll7a) that can be related to the unit-cell-edge compression. As pressure is increased, the geometry of the SiO, (quartz) structure approaches that of the low-pressure GeO, (quartz) structure. The structural changes that take place with increased temperature are not the inverses of those that occur with increased pressure; changes in the Si-O-Si angle and the tetrahedral tilt angle control thermal expansion, whereas smaller changes in the Si-O-Si angle and tetrahedral distortion control isothermal compression. By constraining the zero-pressure bulk modulus to be equal to that calculated from acoustic data [K, : 0.371(2) Mbar], the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus at Tnro pressure tKi : 6.2(l)l has been calculated by fitting the P-V data to a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The anomalously low value of Poisson's ratio in quartz can be explai-ned by the low ratio of the off-diagonal shear moduli to the pure-shear moduli. This small ratio reflects the easily expandin! or contracting spirals of tetrahedra that behave like coiled springs.
Extensive Handling of Rats Leads to Mild Urinary Bladder Hyperplasia

The urinary and urothelial effects of the frequent handling necessary for obtaining fresh-voided urine specimens were evaluated in 5-wk-old male F-344 rats fed control diet or diet containing 7.5% sodium saccharin. Frequent handling consisted of holding rats by the back of the neck in a position to obtain fresh-voided urine directly into centrifuge tubes 3 times per week for 10 weeks, whereas seldomly handled control rats received this treatment only twice during the entire 10 weeks. The urothelium of frequently handled rats fed control diet showed superficial necrosis and regenerative hyperplasia as observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. These changes were not observed in rats fed control diet that were seldomly handled. The necrosis and hyperplasia were not as pronounced in frequently handled rats fed control diet as in seldomly handled, sodium-saccharin-treated rats, but handling also potentiated the severity of the changes produced by sodium saccharin feeding. The urothelial exfoliation and consequent regenerative hyperplasia are likely secondary effects of stress.
Non-Uniform Boosted MCE Training of Deep Neural Networks for Keyword Spotting

Keyword spotting can be formulated as a non-uniform error automatic speech recognition (ASR) problem. It has been demonstrated [1] that this new formulation with the nonuniform MCE training technique can lead to improved system performance in keyword spotting applications. In this paper, we demonstrate that deep neural networks (DNNs) can be successfully trained on the non-uniform minimum classification error (MCE) criterion which weighs the errors on keywords much more significantly than those on non-keywords in an ASR task. The integration with a DNN-HMM system enables modeling of multi-frame distributions, which conventional systems find difficult to accomplish. To further improve the performance, more confusable data is generated by boosting the likelihood of the sentences that have more errors. The keyword spotting system is implemented within a weighted finite state transducer (WFST) framework and the DNN is optimized using standard backpropagation and stochastic gradient decent. We evaluate the performance of the proposed framework on a large vocabulary spontaneous conversational telephone speech dataset (Switchboard-1 Release 2). The proposed approach achieves an absolute figure of merit improvement of 3.65% over the baseline system.
Family Involvement and Educator Outreach in Head Start: Nature, Extent, and Contributions to Early Literacy Skills

The Head Start program endeavors to provide preschoolers with high-quality learning opportunities, in part through fostering family involvement. This exploratory study addressed the paucity of empirical research regarding the nature of educator outreach and family involvement in Head Start and their contributions to children's development of the academic and social foundations of literacy. Participants included 3,100 children and families enrolled in the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) study, their classroom teachers (n = 286), and their center directors (n = 222). Findings revealed that families regularly engaged in the learning and schooling of their children and that Head Start educators regularly reached out to families. Family involvement and educator outreach were selectively associated with children's decoding, vocabulary, and positive approaches to learning. This study clarifies how families and teachers bridge the home-school gap in Head Start preschool programs and thus contribute to children's early literacy skills.
The effects of transition stress: A relocation study

Survey participants (N=175) were drawn from six branches of a major British supermarket chain. Employees from three branches, who had been selected for transfer to new stores, were surveyed before and after relocation to examine the impact of this transition on individual well-being. A comparison sample of employees, drawn from similar stores but not involved in relocation, was also surveyed. Cross-sectional multiple regression analyses found that psychological distress was related to both work demands and personal characteristics (gender, neuroticism, locus of control, and social desirability response). Furthermore, path analysis revealed that after controlling for prior symptom levels, distress during the relocation period was predicted independently by the relocation and by work demands. Although in the present study it was not possible to account for differences in outcomes between new and comparison store employees in terms of changes in measured work characteristics, the negative impact of relocation was found to be buffered by perceptions of control and social support. Additionally, the impact of high work demands was buffered by Type B personal characteristics. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the effects of acupressure and self-care behaviors training on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea based on McGill pain questionnaire among Shiraz University students

Background: Dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems during reproductive ages, with prevalence rate of 60–90%. This study aimed to compare the effects of acupressure at Guan yuan (RN-4) and Qu gu (RN-2) acupoints, self-care behaviors training, and ibuprofen on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea based on McGill pain questionnaire. Materials and Methods: In the randomized clinical trial, 120 females, aged between 18 and 25 years, with primary dysmenorrhea, randomly selected from five dormitories of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran were screened and randomized into acupressure group, in that pressure was applied for 20 min over the 1st 2 days of menstruation for two cycles. In the second group, the training group took part in four educational sessions each lasting for 60–90 min and control group received ibuprofen 400 mg. The intensity of pain before and after the intervention was measured using short-form McGill pain questionnaire. The data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 16) and analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: A significant difference was found in the mean intensity of pain before and after the intervention in all the three study groups. The mean score of pain intensity was 10.65 ± 5.71 in the training group, 19 ± 5.41 in the control group, and 14.40 ± 6.87 in the acupressure group after the intervention. The results of Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that both interventions were more effective compared to consumption of ibuprofen. Conclusion: Training and acupressure were more effective than ibuprofen in the reduction of dysmenorrhea. Thus, they can be considered as trainable methods without side effects in adolescent girls.
Communicative and cognitive functioning in Angelman syndrome with UBE3A mutation: a case report

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a severe intellectual disability, severe expressive language deficits, ata xia and a specific behavior with easy excitability excitable personality and an inappropriately happy predisposition. Phenotypical variations have been described on the basis of the underlying genetic mechanism. Several reports have suggested that individuals with AS resulting from UPD, UBE3A mutations and imprinting mutations show a milder or atypical phenotype than that observed in patients with a deletion of 15q11-q13 re gion. The purpose of this study is to describe cognitive and adaptive fun ctioning in a child with AS resulting from UBE3A gene mutation, and especially the linguistic development, verbal and mimic-gestual, whose in ventory and use are greater than those reported in literature.
Familial intergenerational and maternal aggregation patterns in nutrient intakes in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

Abstract Objective The current study prospectively examines the intra-uterine hypothesis by comparing maternal, paternal and grandparental lineage influences on children's diet and also maternal–child aggregation patterns during pregnancy and early childhood. Design Prenatal dietary information was available for expectant mothers, fathers and up to four grandparents through a detailed validated semi-quantitative FFQ. At 6-year follow-up, when children averaged 5 years of age, dietary information was re-collected for mothers and a subset of maternal grandmothers using the same FFQ. Child's FFQ version was used for children. Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables were also collected. Settings Three-generation familial cohort representative of the contemporary Irish national population. Subjects Children aged 5 years (n 567) and their parents and grandparents. Results Associations for energy, macronutrient and fibre intakes were compared using Pearson's correlations, intra-class correlations (ICC) and linear regression models, adjusted for energy and potential confounders. Significant, moderate-strength positive correlations were observed for nutrient intakes in children's nuclear families (ICC (range) = 0·22–0·28). The father–child associations (r (range) = 0·13–0·20) were weaker than the mother–child associations (r (range) = 0·14–0·33). In general, associations were stronger for maternal postnatal intake–child intake than for maternal prenatal intake–child intake, except for percentage of energy from fat (adjusted β = 0·16, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·26; P = 0·004), which was stronger for maternal prenatal intake, specifically in non-breast-fed children (adjusted β = 0·28, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·44; P = 0·001). Among all grandparents, correlations were significant only for maternal grandmother–mother pairs (r (range) = 0·10–0·36). Significant positive ICC were observed for nutrient intakes of maternal grandmother–mother–child triads (ICC (range) = 0·12–0·27), not found in paternal lines. Conclusions These findings suggest that maternal-environment programming influences dietary intake.
Regional differences of the prefrontal cortex in pediatric PTSD: an MRI study

Previous studies have revealed altered structural development of the frontal lobes and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in children with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study is the first to provide a detailed structural analysis of the PFC in children with and without PTSD symptoms. We compared gray and white matter volume in four subregions of the PFC between said groups, then explored whether volume was associated with PTSD symptom severity and functional impairment. PFC measurements were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a sample of 23 children (ages 7–14) with a history of trauma and symptoms of PTSD, who had undergone assessment for PTSD symptoms and functional impairment using the Child and Adolescent version of the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS‐CA). These measurements were compared to data from an age‐equivalent control group of 24 healthy children. Children with PTSD symptoms showed a significantly larger volume of gray matter in the delineated middle‐inferior and ventral regions of the PFC than did control children. Decreased volume of gray matter in the dorsal PFC correlated with increased functional impairment scores. Results indicate that increased volume of the middle‐inferior and ventral PFC may be associated with trauma and PTSD symptoms in children. Furthermore, the neuroanatomy of the dorsal PFC may influence the degree of functional impairment experienced by children with PTSD symptoms. Depression and Anxiety 23:17–25, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for a defect in NADH

We evaluated electron transport chain activity in platelet mitochondria taken from HD patients. All 5 patients studied had striking depressions of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity (complex I) (5.36 ± 2.91 nmol/min/mg; control mean, 19.12 ± 5.64 nmol/min/mg). Other electron transport chain activities were not significantly different from control values. HD may be caused by a mutation in 1 of the nuclear coded subunits of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase.