Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Special Education Professionals’ Perceptions Toward Accessible Playgrounds

The perceptions and beliefs of 303 special education professionals toward currently available playgrounds in their school or community were examined. Survey respondents (a) indicated that their students with a disability could not fully participate in their school or community’s playground offerings, (b) discussed the need for a peer buddy program on the school or community playground setting, and (c) dreamed of a fully inclusive playground that meets the needs of all students with and without disabilities. Implications of these findings for playground developers and special education professionals are discussed in terms of universal design facilities and a need to also include social-emotional intervention.
One hundred years of telemedicine: does this new technology have a place in paediatrics?

100 years of telemedicine Although hard to believe, this year we celebrate the 100th anniversary of telemedicine. The term telemedicine was coined in the 1970s by the American Thomas Bird and, literally translated, means “healing at a distance” (from Latin “medicus” and Greek “tele”). However, the origins of this evolving technology date back to the early 20th century, when Willem Einthoven, a Dutch physiologist, developed the first electrocardiograph in his laboratory in Leiden. With the use of a string galvanometer and telephone wires, he recorded the electrical cardiac signals of patients in a hospital 1½ km away. He stated: “Where there is a link, actual and figurative, between laboratory and hospital, and collaboration between physiologist and clinician, each remaining master in his territory, there one may fruitfully utilize these new electrical methods of research”. Einthoven’s electrocardiograph was very large but over the years was transformed into a mobile or even portable monitoring device. Nevertheless, he can be regarded as the first clinician scientist to develop and systematically apply a technique that is very similar to telemedicine in the modern sense. The results of his experiments were published in 1906.1 During the 1920s, Norwegian doctors provided advice for sick ship crew members at sea via radio link. In 1967, Bird and colleagues established an audiovisual microwave circuit between the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, USA, and the nearby Logan Airport. They conducted and evaluated >1000 medical consultations for airport employees and travellers who were ill.2 Since then, the number of scientific studies relating to telehealth has steadily increased, and many countries have launched their own electronic health (e-health) programmes, which combine medical informatics, public health and business. Telemedicine constitutes a small part of e-health and is particularly suitable for large geographical areas with a sparse, underserved population. Examples are …
How far right local party organizations develop

The literature on far right parties emphasizes the importance of party organization for electoral persistence. Yet, a lot is still unknown about the organizational development of these parties. This article examines the microdynamics of organizational development and explores why some party organizations succeed and others fail. It focuses on the local rather than the national level and analyzes grassroots activities rather than party leadership, institutions, or members. To analyze organizational development, the article uses an original and unique data set of 3594 activities of the Greek Golden Dawn (GD) supplemented by interviews with the GD leadership and activists as well as with evidence from hundreds of newspaper reports. It uses this evidence to trace local party activism and to document variation in local organizational outcomes. To account for why some local party organizations succeed or fail, it suggests that, rather than solely following electoral logic, the organizational development of far right parties also relates to the way they respond to challenges from antifascist groups and state authorities.
Understanding the rise of the far right from a local perspective: Structural and cultural conditions of ethno-traditionalist inclusion and racial exclusion in rural Hungary

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the reconfiguration of social relations in rural Hungary after the collapse of socialism as well as the cultural idioms in which these changes were interpreted in order to unearth the connection between structural transformation, the re-articulation of ethnic and peasant traditions and the discourse on Roma as a threat to communal harmony. The locality in the focus of our case study is a village that played a major role in the rise of the far-right Jobbik party. By applying an ethnographic approach, we seek to uncover structural forces, discourses and agencies that help explain the success of the anti-Roma mobilization campaign that ended with Jobbik’s electoral victory.
Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: a quick guide for clinicians

Prescribing of antidepressant treatment (ADT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) has increased in quantity and popularity over the last two decades. This is likely due to the approval of safer medications, better education of clinicians and their patients, direct-to-consumer marketing practices, and less stigma associated with those taking ADT. This trend has also been met with some controversy, however, as the ongoing safety and effectiveness of these treatments have at times been called into question. This paper discusses the differing levels of evidence that support the use of ADT based on (A) Food and Drug Administration approvals, (B) data from randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses and, where these are not available, the authors discuss and apply, (C) theoretical pharmacodynamic principles to justify antidepressant choice in the treatment of MDD patients. The final section discusses standard psychopharmacology guideline approaches to better alert the reader as to which practices are commonplace compared with those which are more outside of the standard of care.
CONSTRUCTIVISM, PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS AND THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENT WORLDS

Previous constructivist research was integrated with a field study to investigate the hypothesis that the subjective perceptions of the current social, security and economic situation of the high and low-income groups in South Africa differ to the extent that they could be said to be living in totally different worlds of phenomenological experience. The data demonstrated clear differences when coded in terms of worldviews along an Optimism-Pessimism Continuum. A number of additional processing phenomena and social dynamics able to influence these perceptions were also identified from an interpretative analysis of the data. The results were explained in terms of the cueing and activation of specific schemata constructed from income-related prior experiences associated with each group and led to the conclusion that income and living conditions could well be factors contributing to the ongoing confrontations between government and impoverished communities. A number of recommendations to improve inter-group relations were included. Key terms: Phenomenological experience; constructivism; social cognition; socio-economic groups; living standards measure; service delivery protests; subjective perceptions; personal constructs; schemata; worldview. Student number: 457-629-2 I declare that CONSTRUCTIVISM, PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS AND THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENT WORLDS is my own work and that all sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. _____________________ _______________ SIGNATURE DATE (Mr J P Henderson)
MILEPOST GCC: machine learning based research compiler

Tuning hardwired compiler optimizations for rapidly evolving hardware makes porting an optimizing compiler for each new platform extremely challenging. Our radical approach is to develop a modular, extensible, self-optimizing compiler that automatically learns the best optimization heuristics based on the behavior of the platform. In this paper we describe MILEPOST 1 GCC, a machine-learning-based compiler that automatically adjusts its optimization heuristics to improve the execution time, code size, or compilation time of specific programs on different architectures. Our preliminary experimental results show that it is possible to considerably reduce execution time of the MiBench benchmark suite on a range of platforms entirely automatically.
Comparison of Five Aminocyclitol Antibiotics In Vitro Against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas

The in vitro susceptibility of 163 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and 23 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various concentrations of gentamicin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, tobramycin, and BB-K8, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, was determined. Studies were performed in Mueller-Hinton agar and broth, and two different sizes of bacterial inocula were used. On a weight basis, gentamicin and tobramycin demonstrated comparable activity in vitro and were the most active of the five drugs tested against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Proteus species. All of these organisms were inhibited by gentamicin or tobramycin at concentrations of 5.0 μg or less/ml in agar with both inocula of bacterial cells. In addition, tobramycin was the most active drug against isolates of P. aeruginosa and gentamicin was the most active against Salmonella and Shigella species. Although kanamycin and BB-K8 demonstrated a high degree of activity against most Enterobacteriaceae, they were not the most active agents tested for any genus. Spectinomycin was the least active compound, and many isolates grew in concentrations higher than those readily attainable in serum.
Impact of a Paper vs Virtual Simulated Patient Case on Student-Perceived Confidence and Engagement

Objective. To evaluate online case simulation vs a paper case on student confidence and engagement. Design. Students enrolled in a pharmacotherapy laboratory course completed a patient case scenario as a component of an osteoarthritis laboratory module. Two laboratory sections used a paper case (n=53); three sections used an online virtual case simulation (n=81). Student module performance was assessed through a submitted subjective objective assessment plan (SOAP) note. Students completed pre/post surveys to measure self-perceived confidence in providing medication management. The simulation group completed postmodule questions related to realism and engagement of the online virtual case simulation. Group assessments were performed using chi-square and Mann Whitney tests. Assessment. A significant increase in all 13 confidence items was seen in both student groups following completion of the laboratory module. The simulation group had an increased change of confidence compared to the paper group in assessing medication efficacy and documenting a thorough assessment. Comparing the online virtual simulation to a paper case, students agreed the learning experience increased interest, enjoyment, relevance, and realism. The simulation group performed better on the subjective SOAP note domain though no differences in total SOAP note scores was found between the two groups. Conclusion. Virtual case simulations result in increased student engagement and may lead to improved documentation performance in the subjective domain of SOAP notes. However, virtual patient cases may offer limited benefit over paper cases in improving overall student self-confidence to provide medication management.
Risk Factors for Delinquency and Illicit Drug Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

This study examines the interrelationships and predictors of involvement in delinquent activities and illicit drug use over a nine-year interval, from adolescence (age 15–16) to young adulthood (age 24–25) in a cohort representative of adolescents formerly enrolled in grades 10 and 11 in public secondary schools in New York State (N =1,004). Persistence of illicit drug use in this period of the life-cycle is greater than for delinquency and is higher among men than among women. Convergences and divergences in intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors of drug use and delinquency are analyzed. Adult illicit drug use is much better predicted by adolescent illicit drug use, especially among men. Among women, early drug use predicts later delinquent behavior. However, illicit drug use in the period from adolescence to early adulthood selectively predicts adult participation in one type of delinquent behavior, namely theft, among men and women, but has no effect on interpersonal aggression. Different risk factors in adolescence other than drug use predict continued delinquent involvement among men and women. In particular, depression plays an important role for women and family factors for men. Lifestyle factors subsequent to adolescence, especially failure to enter the conventional roles of adulthood, such as marriage and continuous employment, are important predictors of continued illicit drug use in adulthood but not of delinquency. Delinquency among males and illicit drug use among females appear to be subject to common etiological factors and may play similar roles in the lives of young people. Convergence between the findings and results reported by others are discussed.
Prognostic significance of image morphometric microvessel enumeration in breast carcinoma.

Using image morphometry, microvessel density was analyzed in 58 stage-heterogeneous breast carcinomas by counting vascular cross-sections in type IV collagen (basal lamina)-immunostained cryostat sections (methanol fixed, avidin-biotin method). Vascular density (mean, 19 vessels per square millimeter) did not correlate with metastatic disease at presentation (localized: 17.6 vessels per square millimeter vs. node/distant metastases: 20 vessels per square millimeter, P = NS). Short-term disease-free survival, however, was significantly related to intratumoral vascularity overall (no recurrence: mean = 14 vessels per square millimeter vs. recurred: mean = 26 vessels per square millimeter, P = .001) and in node-negative patients (no recurrence: mean = 12.1 vessels per square millimeter vs. recurred: mean = 27.8 vessels per square millimeter, P = .005; mean follow-up, 52 months). Further, 87% (7/8) of patients with microvascular counts greater than 30 vessels per square millimeter had recurrence vs. only 15% (2/13) with counts less than 10 vessels per square millimeter. We conclude that image morphometric quantitation of vascular basal lamina represents an objective means of assessing angiogenic capacity in breast tumors, which correlates strongly with disease aggressiveness in short-term follow-up.
Impact of retirement on risky driving behavior and attitudes towards road safety among a large cohort of French drivers (the GAZEL cohort).

OBJECTIVES This study investigated changes in driving behavior and attitudes towards road safety, following retirement, in a large cohort of road users. METHODS In 2001, 14 226 participants of the GAZEL cohort in France reported their attitudes towards road safety and driving behavior using a self-administered driving behavior and road safety questionnaire. In 2004, 82% of the group (N=11 706) responded to the same questionnaire. Two complementary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of (i) retirement with change in safe driving behavior and attitudes towards road safety between 2001 and 2004 and (ii) time since retirement with risky driving behavior and negative attitudes towards road safety in 2001. RESULTS Among the participants who were active in 2001 (N=3927), those retiring between 2001 and 2004 (66%) were more likely to have discontinued sleepy driving [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.12, P<0.001] and phone use while driving (aOR 1.74, P=0.006) than those who remained professionally active. The second analysis showed that the likelihood of sleepy driving and phone use while driving decreased soon after retirement, whereas that of speedy driving decreased over a longer interval. Retirement had no influence on driving while intoxicated or attitudes towards road safety. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that any professional activity may account for some risky road behavior. As work-related road traffic accidents are responsible for one out of every four road casualties in France, the monitoring and prevention of sleepy driving and phoning while driving among workers should be further considered.
Compared to what? Variation in the impacts of early childhood education by alternative care type

Early childhood education research often compares a group of children who receive the intervention of interest to a group of children who receive care in a range of different care settings. In this paper, we estimate differential impacts of an early childhood intervention by alternative care setting, using data from the Head Start Impact Study, a large-scale randomized evaluation. To do so, we utilize a Bayesian principal stratification framework to estimate separate impacts for two types of Compliers: those children who would otherwise be in other center-based care when assigned to control and those who would otherwise be in home-based care. We find strong, positive short-term effects of Head Start on receptive vocabulary for those Compliers who would otherwise be in home-based care. By contrast, we find no meaningful impact of Head Start on vocabulary for those Compliers who would otherwise be in other center-based care. Our findings suggest that alternative care type is a potentially important source of variation in early childhood education interventions.
The Upper Esophageal Sphincter during Normal Deglutition

The upper esophageal sphincter was studied during deglutition in 7 healthy subjects using simultaneous cineradiography and manometry. The presssure measuring device consisted of 3 sensors distally placed, and separated by 10 mm. They recorded pressure obliquely to the right at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees anteriorly. During the swallowing sequence a pressure sensor initially placed in the high pressure zone of the sphincter easily slid out of position due to asynchronous movements of the sphincter and the pressure measuring device. These movements can result in erroneous interpretation of pressure recordings. Continuous radiologic monitoring during the entire swallowing sequence thus seems to be mandatory. Immediately before the bolus entered the upper esophageal sphincter, the sphincter relaxed and low or even negative pressures were registered. When the bolus had passed onwards the sphincter contracted gradually, to resume its pre-swallow pressure.
Measuring Church Attendance: A Further Look

Recent research on Protestants and Catholics in the United States has shown that estimates of worship attendance based on individual survey reports yield significantly higher totals than the attendance numbers reported by the churches. This paper provides additional evidence on the discrepancy using data for the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) for 1990, 1993, and 1996. In each year estimates of church attendance based on individual survey responses are higher than independent estimates based on congregational reports. Further analyses examine additional questions on church absences and the use of time on Sundays to evaluate alternative measurement strategies. The results suggest that more accurate estimates of church attendance are possible using surveys but that entirely valid estimates are unlikely as long as social desirability influences self reports.
The Impact of a Partially Effective HIV Vaccine on a Population of Intravenous Drug Users in Bangkok, Thailand: A Dynamic Model

&NA; Because of the variability of HIV, the first AIDS vaccine is likely to be only partially effective. There is some concern among scientists that a low‐efficacy vaccine could worsen the HIV epidemic if vaccinated individuals increase their risk behavior under the false assumption of immunity. To address this concern, we constructed a dynamic compartmental model that simulated the course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a population of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. The model calculated long‐term HIV prevalence, number of AIDS cases, and total population size for two scenarios: vaccination program versus no vaccination program. We used sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of postvaccination risk behavior change on HIV prevalence. A 75% effective vaccine led to a 40‐year HIV prevalence of 37% with vaccination and 50% without vaccination. Postvaccination behavior change had only a limited effect on the results with a 75% effective vaccine but a significant effect with a 30% effective vaccine. If 90% of low‐risk individuals responded to a 30% effective vaccine with increased high‐risk behavior, the benefit of vaccination disappeared. These results agree with analyses of the epidemic among gay men. If injection drug behavior is indeed modifiable, our findings have significant policy and planning implications.
A Web-Based Interactive Diabetes Registry for Health Care Management and Planning in Saudi Arabia

Background Worldwide, eHealth is a rapidly growing technology. It provides good quality health services at lower cost and increased availability. Diabetes has reached an epidemic stage in Saudi Arabia and has a medical and economic impact at a countrywide level. Data are greatly needed to better understand and plan to prevent and manage this medical problem. Objective The Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR) is an electronic medical file supported by clinical, investigational, and management data. It functions as a monitoring tool for medical, social, and cultural bases for primary and secondary prevention programs. Economic impact, in the form of direct or indirect cost, is part of the registry’s scope. The registry’s geographic information system (GIS) produces a variety of maps for diabetes and associated diseases. In addition to availability and distribution of health facilities in the Kingdom, GIS data provide health planners with the necessary information to make informed decisions. The electronic data bank serves as a research tool to help researchers for both prospective and retrospective studies. Methods A Web-based interactive GIS system was designed to serve as an electronic medical file for diabetic patients retrieving data from medical files by trained registrars. Data was audited and cleaned before it was archived in the electronic filing system. It was then used to produce epidemiologic, economic, and geographic reports. A total of 84,942 patients were registered from 2000 to 2012, growing by 10% annually. Results The SNDR reporting system for epidemiology data gives better understanding of the disease pattern, types, and gender characteristics. Part of the reporting system is to assess quality of health care using different parameters, such as HbA1c, that gives an impression of good diabetes control for each institute. Economic reports give accurate cost estimation of different services given to diabetic patients, such as the annual insulin cost per patient for type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, which are 1155 SR (US $308), 1406 SR (US $375), and 1002 SR (US $267), respectively. Of this, 72.02% of the total insulin cost is spent on type 2 patients and 55.39% is in the form of premixed insulin. The SNDR can provide an accurate assessment of the services provided for research purposes. For example, only 27.00% of registered patients had an ophthalmic examination and only 71.10% of patients with proliferative retinopathy had laser therapy. Conclusions The SNDR is an effective electronic medical file that can provide epidemiologic, economic, and geographic reports that can be used for disease management and health care planning. It is a useful tool for research and disease health care quality monitoring.