Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fmri) Was Used to Investigate the Neural Substrates of Component Processes in Verbal Working Memory. Based on Behavioral Research Using

manipulations of verbal stimulus type to dissociate storage, rehearsal, and executive components of verbal working memory, we designed a delayed serial recall task requiring subjects to encode, maintain, and overtly recall sets of verbal items for which phonological similarity, articulatory length, and lexical status were manipulated. By using a task with temporally extended trials, we were able to exploit the temporal resolution afforded by fMRI to partially isolate neural contributions to encoding, maintenance, and retrieval stages of task performance. Several regions commonly associated with maintenance, including supplementary motor, premotor, and inferior frontal areas, were found to be active across all three trial stages. Additionally, we found that left inferior frontal and supplementary motor regions showed patterns of stimulus and temporal sensitivity implicating them in distinct aspects of articulatory rehearsal, while no regions showed a pattern of sensitivity consistent with a role in phonological storage. Regional modulation by task difficulty was further investigated as a measure of executive processing. We interpret our findings as they relate to notions about the cognitive architecture underlying verbal working memory performance.
Neutrophil function in newborns.

MIYAZAKI, S. , SHIN, H. , KAKUDA, S. , TOMOOKA, Y. and GOYA, N. Neutrophil Function in Newborns. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1982, 137 (2), 207-212 Neutrophil function was studied in prematures, mature newborns and school children. In premature infants, chemotaxis and killing of neutrophils were decreased, although superoxide production of neutrophils was normal. In healthy full-term infants, only chemotaxis was abnormal. The ability of neutrophil phagocytosis was within normal limits both in premature and mature newborns. neutrophil; chemotaxis; phagocytosis; killing; newborn
Stability of membranous nanostructures: a possible key mechanism in cancer progression

Membranous nanostructures, such as nanovesicles and nanotubules, are an important pool of biological membranes. Recent results indicate that they constitute cell-cell communication systems and that cancer development is influenced by these systems. Nanovesicles that are pinched off from cancer cells can move within the circulation and interact with distant cells. It has been suggested and indicated by experimental evidence that nanovesicles can induce metastases from the primary tumor in this way. Therefore, it is of importance to understand better the mechanisms of membrane budding and vesiculation. Here, a theoretical description is presented concerning consistently related lateral membrane composition, orientational ordering of membrane constituents, and a stable shape of nanovesicles and nanotubules. It is shown that the character of stable nanostructures reflects the composition of the membrane and the intrinsic shape of its constituents. An extension of the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes is suggested by taking into account curvature-mediated orientational ordering of the membrane constituents on strongly anisotropically curved regions. Based on experimental data for artificial membranes, a possible antimetastatic effect of plasma constituents via mediation of attractive interaction between membranous structures is suggested. This mediated attractive interaction hypothetically suppresses nanovesiculation by causing adhesion of buds to the mother membrane and preventing them from being pinched off from the membrane.
Half-life values for DNA double-strand break rejoining in yeast can vary by more than an order of magnitude depending on the irradiation conditions.

Yeast cells in stationary phase were exposed under oxic or anoxic conditions to sparsely (30 MeV electrons) or densely (3.5 MeV alpha-particles) ionizing radiation. For all four experimental set-ups postirradiation treatment of cells was the same, i.e. cells were kept under oxic conditions in non-growth medium at 30 degrees C. Double-strand break (dsb) rejoining was measured during this treatment yielding the following results: (1) half-life values ranged from < 60 min (electrons, anoxia) to 3.8 h (low doses of electrons, oxia), 7 h (alpha-particles, anoxia), 10 h (high doses of electrons, oxia) and 13 h (alpha-particles, oxia). (2) In the case of exposure of oxic cells to electrons a biphasic rejoining kinetics is observed with a dose-dependent increase of the fraction of the slow component. These results suggest that half-life values of dsb rejoining in a given cell depend on physical, chemical and biological parameters. The rejoining of dsb slows down with increasing LET, being probably due to the increasing complexity of dsb. Oxygenation of cells at the time of irradiation affects half-life values, indicating that radiation chemistry plays an important role. The biphasic rejoining kinetics observed for dsb induced by electrons in oxic cells is interpreted in terms of a dose-dependent change of chromatin structure hindering the interaction between damaged chromatin and the rejoining enzymes rather than by two chemically distinct types of dsb with differing half-life values.
REFERENDUM DYNAMICS AND THE IRISH DIVORCE AMENDMENT

Referendums are typically interpreted in terms unique to a particular time and place; the 1986 Irish divorce referendum has been no exception. Here this vote is examined in light of referendums in the United States and elsewhere in an attempt to identify more pervasive patterns. It is concluded that there is a referendum dynamic capable of anticipating the diverse fluoridation votes of the 1950s, the ERA campaigns of the 1970s, and the Irish divorce vote of 1986, all of which displayed large voter shifts from an initial majority in favor to an eventual majority against. The dynamic process involved appears to be a pattern of elite retreat brought about by community conflict, rather than the result of confusion, ignorance, a herd instinct, or alienation in the electorate. Referendums are routinely used in many countries both to amend constitutions and as an alternative to the legislative process. Most referendum outcomes are easily understood in terms of the pattern of opinion in the electorate. Referendum results that are the product of massive short-term shifts in public opinion, the 1986 Irish divorce referendum being a case in point, are difficult to account for in terms of the exogenous preference structure of the electorate, however. Further, such massive opinion reversals are not typical of candidate elections. The fact that opinion reversals do characterize a number of referendum campaigns suggests the operation of some form of short-term "referendum dynamic. " A referendum dynamic would involve a process which begins with R. DARCY iS Professor of Political Science and Statistics at Oklahoma State University and Visiting Professor at the Center for the Study of Irish Elections, University College, Galway. MICHAEL LAVER iS Professor of Political Science and Sociology at University College, Galway and was Visiting Professor of Government at Harvard University for 1988-89. John E. Mueller, Richard Engstrom, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, David M. Farrell, and Cornelius O'Leary are appreciated for their help and most useful and critical
Emerging molecular targeted therapies in the treatment of head and neck cancer

Current development of molecular targeted therapies in oncology is particularly active. The aim of this study is to review recent advances in the field of molecular targeted therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As EGFR signaling pathway and angiogenesis play a key role in the growth of HNSCC, EGFR with its downstream effectors and molecular factors implicated in the angiogenesis process, such as VEGF and its receptors, represent the main targets of the new therapeutic agents now in development. Today, cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, is the only targeted therapy approved for the treatment of HNSCC in patients with locally advanced tumors, in association with radiotherapy, and in patients with recurrent or metastatic diseases. Future progress is expected with the integration of cetuximab into induction chemotherapeutic regimens or in association with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced tumors and with the development and evaluation of other molecular targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic drugs. As these innovative molecules start to be used in clinical practice, the identification of predictive markers for efficacy and toxicity becomes a crucial issue.
Efficient routing in optical networks

This paper studies the problem of dedicating routes to connections in optical networks. In optical networks, the vast bandwidth available in an optical fiber is utilized by partitioning it into several channels, each at a different optical wavelength. A connection between two nodes is assigned a specific wavelength, with the constraint that no two connections sharing a link in the network can be assigned the same wavelength. This paper considers optical networks with and without switches, and different types of routing in these networks. It presents optimal or near-optimal constructions of optical networks in these cases and algorithms for routing connections, specifically permutation routing for the networks constructed here.
Induction of Oligodendrocytes From Adult Human Olfactory Epithelial‐Derived Progenitors by Transcription Factors

Neurosphere‐forming cell (NSFC) lines have been derived from cultures of adult olfactory neuroepithelium obtained from patients and cadavers. These progenitors remain undifferentiated when maintained in minimal essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, but have the potential to differentiate along glial or neuronal lineages. However, few of these cells ever express mature neuronal or glial markers in defined medium. To evaluate the potential of NSFCs to form oligodendrocytes, two transcription factors, Olig2 and Nkx2.2, were introduced into NSFCs to determine whether their expression is sufficient for oligodendrocyte differentiation, as has been shown in the embryonic avian and murine central nervous systems in vivo. NSFCs transfected with Olig2 or Nkx2.2 alone exhibited no phenotypic lineage restriction. In contrast, simultaneous transfection of Olig2 and Nkx2.2 cDNA produced characteristic oligodendrocyte morphology and antigenicity, including myelin basic protein (MBP). Furthermore, a population of Olig2‐expressing NSFCs also expressed Sox10. Cotransfection of NSFCs with Nkx2.2 and Sox10, but not Olig2 and Sox10, produced a MBP+ oligodendrocytic phenotype. Coculture of NSFCs transfected with Olig2 and Nkx2.2 or Nkx2.2 and Sox10 with purified sensory neurons, demonstrated frequent contacts between NSFC processes and axons, including the early stages of ensheathment. These studies demonstrate transcription factors governing early development of chick and mouse oligodendrocyte formation, also apply to human progenitors isolated from adult olfactory neuroepithelium. Our long‐term goal is to develop cell populations for future studies used to determine the therapeutic utility of these olfactory‐derived NSFCs for autologous transplantation into donors with central nervous system trauma or neurodegenerative diseases.
Depression treatment delivered at the point-of-care: a qualitative assessment of the views of low-income US mothers

Abstract Background/objective: Within the first months of childbirth, clinically significant depressive symptoms are experienced by 19% of mothers in the USA, and are even more prevalent among low-income and ethnic-minority women. Paradoxically, low-income and ethnic-minority mothers are faced with unique barriers that make them less likely to receive professional mental health care. To find ways to remove these barriers, a recent US trial extended the use of a UK intervention, Listening Visits, an evidence-based treatment delivered by home visitors/office nursing staff. Methods: A qualitative content analysis was conducted with participants’ (N = 19 in an open trial and N = 49 in a randomised controlled trial) responses to a post-treatment semi-structured interview assessing their views of Listening Visits. The percentage of participants endorsing each thematic code is presented. Results: When the provider first introduced the Listening Visits intervention, 77.9% of women retrospectively reported having positive views of trying this new approach. Recipients most frequently mentioned as helpful two aspects of Listening Visits: empathic listening/support and the collaborative style of the Listening Visits provider. Half of the women (50%) did not suggest changes to how Listening Visits was delivered. Among those who suggested changes, the most frequent (42.6%) suggestion was to increase the number/duration of sessions. Conclusion: Listening Visits is an acceptable depression treatment approach, as perceived by low-income, ethnic-minority mothers, which health and social service providers who serve this population can use.
Factors Affecting the Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu. The research would not have been possible without the generous advice and critical assistance of many of my fellow graduate students. I owe special thanks to those who willingly helped with the· many hours of computer analysis. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the loving patience of my children, Shane and Sura, who stimulated my interest in the area of parent-child relationships and who make all endeavors worthwhile. She attended Solon High School and received her B.A. in English literature from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1963. She received a secondary teaching credential in the M.A:T. program at Oberlin College in 1965, and a general teaching credential for grades 7 through 14 from the state of California in 1966. She taught a total of six years at the nursery school, junior and senior high school, and junior college levels in this country, and at University College, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, for one year. In 1973 she entered the graduate program in psychology at Loyola University of Chicago and received a department assistantship. While a graduate student she was also a research assistant on a research project investigating citizen crime prevention programs and funded by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. She is currently employed as a research associate by the American Judicature Society which is conducting a National Science Foundation study of trial court judges. iii .
Family perspectives of how their relatives with mental illness benefit from Clubhouse participation: a qualitative inquiry

Abstract Background: Although researchers have demonstrated the benefits of psychosocial Clubhouse participation on a number of clinical and psychosocial outcomes, few studies have investigated the consumer’s participation from the perspectives of others. Aim: This study aimed to investigate family members’ perspectives of how Clubhouse programming has affected consumers’ recovery. Method: Twenty-four relatives of Clubhouse members were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. Relatives were nominated by their Clubhouse members as their family member who provided them with the most social support. All interviews were transcribed and underwent content analysis yielding multilevel coding. Results: Four main dimensions emerged from family interviews about how Clubhouses affected their relatives. These dimensions aligned with areas of clinical recovery and personal growth. Family members observed and noted changes in: (1) positive affective changes, (2) improved goal directed and challenging behaviors, (3) positive attitude changes and (4) greater social interactions. Conclusion: As one of the first studies to document the perspectives of the relatives of Clubhouse members, this exploratory study indicates that family members recognize positive changes in their Clubhouse family members and these changes align with areas of functional recovery. Implications for practice and future studies are discussed.
The Five-Aggregate Model of the Mind

The purpose of this article is to explore a model of the mind generally known as “the five aggregates” described in Buddhist teachings that relates to understanding subjective conscious experience from a first-person perspective. This model is explored as a potential theoretical resource that could guide meditation/mindfulness interventions. According to the five-aggregate model of the mind, all our experience involves material form, feelings, perception, volition, and sensory consciousness. The mind stream that is constantly changing from moment to moment is extensively analyzed in this tradition. This article explains that methodologies in neuroscience increase our understanding of neurophysiological underpinnings of mental phenomena and also provide important evidence on the practical utility of meditation. When considering moment-by-moment changes that happen in the mind, however, these investigations represent sensory consciousness followed by perception that happens within the mind stream itself. Practical applications of the model are also presented.
Factors affecting the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157 : H7

Escherichia coli O157 : H7 has been reported as being not particularly heat resistant. However, several factors which might increase its heat resistance have been investigated in this study using five strains. Increase in growth temperature to 40 °C, as found in the cow gut, heat‐shock at sub‐lethal temperatures of 42, 45, 48 and 50 °C, and variable heating rate (1 °C min−1 to 23 °C min−1) had no dramatic effect on heat resistance. Growth phase had a marked impact on heat resistance ; late stationary phase cells were more heat‐resistant than were log phase cells. The difference in heat resistance between the two phases of growth became more pronounced when cells were resuspended in fresh nutrient broth ; heat resistance of late stationary phase cells increased dramatically whereas no such effect was observed with log phase cells. The addition of polyphosphates to the heating medium did not increase heat resistance. A reduction in water activity of the heating medium from 0·995 to levels between 0·980 and 0·960 also resulted in a marked increase in heat resistance. This effect was more pronounced under conditions of extremely low water activity created by resuspending late stationary phase cells in sunflower oil. Survivors were detected even after a heat treatment at 60 °C for 1 h or 70 °C for 5 min. It can be confirmed that this serotype has no unusual heat resistance and that the heating environment markedly affects resistance.
Southern Ocean overturning across streamlines in an eddying simulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

An eddying global model is used to study the char- acteristics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in a streamline-following framework. Previous model-based es- timates of the meridional circulation were calculated using zonal averages: this method leads to a counter-intuitive pole- ward circulation of the less dense waters, and underestimates the eddy effects. We show that on the contrary, the upper ocean circulation across streamlines agrees with the theoret- ical view: an equatorward mean flow partially cancelled by a poleward eddy mass flux. Two model simulations, in which the buoyancy forcing above the ACC changes from positive to negative, suggest that the relationship between the resid- ual meridional circulation and the surface buoyancy flux is not as straightforward as assumed by the simplest theoret- ical models: the sign of the residual circulation cannot be inferred from the surface buoyancy forcing only. Among the other processes that likely play a part in setting the merid- ional circulation, our model results emphasize the complex three-dimensional structure of the ACC (probably not well accounted for in streamline-averaged, two-dimensional mod- els) and the distinct role of temperature and salinity in the definition of the density field. Heat and salt transports by the time-mean flow are important even across time-mean stream- lines. Heat and salt are balanced in the ACC, the model drift being small, but the nonlinearity of the equation of state can- not be ignored in the density balance.
Immune Networks in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The animal models of inflammatory bowel disease provide a framework to define the immunopathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Studies in these models support the hypothesis that exaggerated immune responses to normal enteric microflora are involved in the initiation and perpetuation of chronic intestinal inflammation. A major pathway involves development of acquired immune responses by the interactions of CD4+ T-cell receptor &agr;&bgr; T cells with antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells). Immunoregulatory cells, including Tr1 cells, Th3 cells, and CD4+ CD25+ T cells and B cells, directly or indirectly affect the T-cell receptor &agr;&bgr; T cell–induced immune responses and bridge innate and acquired immunity. The study of these complicated immune networks provides the rationale for the development of new therapeutic interventions in inflammatory bowel disease.
Successive Emergence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacter aerogenes Isolates in a University Hospital

ABSTRACT Sixty-two clinical isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were collected between July 2003 and May 2005. Among these isolates, 23 (37.1%) were imipenem (IPM) susceptible, and 39 (62.9%) were IPM insusceptible, of which 89.7% (35/39) were resistant and 10.3% (4/39) were intermediate. Isolate genotypes were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Of 62 isolates, 48 belonged to epidemic pulsotype A (77.4%). This pulsotype included 37.5% and 58.4% of β-lactam phenotypes b and a, respectively. Nine isolates (14.5%) belonged to pulsotype E, which included 22.3% and 77.7% of phenotypes b and a, respectively. The β-lactamases with pIs of 5.4, 6.5, 8.2, and 8.2 corresponded to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) TEM-20, TEM-24, SHV-5, and SHV-12, respectively. Of 39 IPM-insusceptible E. aerogenes isolates, 26 (66.6%) were determined to be metallo-β-lactamase producers, by using a phenotypic method. Of these isolates, 24 harbored a blaIMP-1 gene encoding a protein with a pI of >9.5, and two carried the blaVIM-2 gene encoding a protein with a pI of 5.3, corresponding to β-lactamases IMP-1 and VIM-2, respectively. The remaining 13 (33.4%) isolates were negative for the blaIMP-1 and blaVIM-2 genes but showed an alteration of their outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Ten of these isolates produced the two possible OMPs (32 and 42 kDa), with IPM MICs between 8 and 32 μg/ml, and three others produced only a 32-kDa OMP with IPM MICs >32 μg/ml. This work demonstrates that, in addition to resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, IPM resistance can occur in ESBL-producing E. aerogenes isolates by carbapenemase production or by the loss of porin in the outer membrane.