Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Resource Management Scheme for Ultra-Dense Networks

Ultra-dense networks (UDNs), which can provide extremely high throughput and data rates, have been considered as one of the key techniques for the fifth generation mobile networks. However, it may cause severe inter-cell interference and significant energy consumption due to numerous base stations (BSs) being randomly deployed. To mitigate the interference and boost energy efficiency (EE) of the UDN effectively, we propose a cluster-based energy-efficient resource allocation scheme in this paper. The proposed scheme has two stages: clustering stage and resource allocation stage. In clustering stage, we use a modified K-means algorithm in BS-clustering process to dynamically adjust the number of BS-clusters based on the density of BSs. Then, in each BS cluster, we divide user equipments (UEs) into multiple UE-groups with minimum intra-cluster interference. In this way, the complexity of resource allocation can be greatly reduced. While in resource allocation stage, we design a two-step resource blocks assignment algorithm and an iterative energy efficient power allocation algorithm based on a non-cooperative game. Furthermore, we implement simulations under the realistic broadband channel propagation conditions and the simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively mitigate the interference and improve the EE of UDN.
Private-to-private Corruption

The cases of corruption reported by the media tend almost always to involve a private party (a citizen or a corporation) that pays, or promises to pay, money to a public party (a politician or a public official, for example) in order to obtain an advantage or avoid a disadvantage. Because of the harm it does to economic efficiency and growth, and because of its social, political and ethical consequences, private-to-public corruption has been widely studied. Private-to-private corruption, by contrast, has been relatively neglected and only recently has started to receive the attention it deserves. The purpose of this paper is to offer some thoughts on the nature and importance of private-to-private corruption; the legal treatment it receives in some of the world's leading countries; and the measures that companies can take to combat it, with special consideration of its ethical aspects.
Bovine colostrum increases proliferation of canine skin fibroblasts.

Bovine colostrum (BC) is a milk secreted during the first few days after calving and is a rich source of bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, insulin-like growth factor (I, II) (IGF I-II), transforming growth factor-b (TGFb), platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, vasoendothelial growth factor, and telomerase (1–3). The importance of colostrum for the health of young animals has been known for a long time (1–4), but other systemic effects in adult humans fed BC orally have also been demonstrated, such as increased salivary IgA and plasma IGF-I (5), reduced symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in humans (6), and changes in body composition of human athletes (7). Specific growth factors have been studied in different cultured cells, such as cementoblasts (8), chondrocytes (9), fibroblasts (10), and myoblasts (11) to evaluate improved regenerative therapies for periodontal tissues, osteoarthritis, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a skim freeze-dried BC source (Colexan, Colostrum Technologies GmbH) rich in bioactive components (immunoglobulins, natural growth factors, and hormones), as an in vitro stimulator of canine skin fibroblast proliferation and activity. This in vitro model could be used as a model for wound repair efficiency and periodontal tissue repair for topical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Effect of Various Finish Line Configurations on the Marginal Seal and Occlusal Discrepancy of Cast Full Crowns After Cementation - An In-vitro Study.

BACKGROUND The marginal fit of crowns is of clinical importance. It is found that marginal and occlusal discrepancies are commonly increased following cementation. The resistance of cementing materials is a factor that prevents cast restorations from being correctly seated. Different finish lines behave differently in facilitating the escape of the cement. When the escape path of the cement decreases, the crown fails to seat further. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was planned with an aim to evaluate the effect of various finish lines on the marginal seal and occlusal seat of full crown preparations. Six stainless steel metal dies were machined to simulate molar crown preparations. The diameter was 10 mm and height was 6mm. The occlusal surface was kept flat and a small circular dimple was machined for reorientation of the wax pattern and metal copings, margins of various designs were machined accurately. The margins prepared were Group A- 90(0)C shoulder, Group B- Rounded shoulder, Group C- 45 degree sloped shoulder, Group D- Chamfer, Group E- Long chamfer, Group F- Feather edge. Full cast metal crowns of base metal alloy were fabricated over the metal dies. Zinc phosphate luting cement was used for the cementation. After twenty four hours, the cemented crown and die assembly were embedded in clear acrylic resin so as to hold the assembly together while sectioning. Twenty four hours later, all the samples were sectioned sagitally. The sectioned halves were focused under a stereomicroscope and the cement spaces were measured to the nearest micron. The cement thickness was measured at two points on the occlusal surface and one at each margin. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the occlusal seat and marginal seal of all the finish line configurations. The rounded shoulder had the best occlusal seat, followed by 90(0)C shoulder. The occlusal seat and marginal seal afforded by the shoulder finish lines were similar whereas there was a vast difference in the seating and sealing of long chamfer and feather edged preparations. They showed the worst occlusal seat. CONCLUSION It was found that the finish lines like shoulder preparations which exhibit poor sealing prior to complete cementation allow good seating whereas margins which seal earlier do not allow escape of cement and hence do not seat completely.
Monetary Policy in a Downturn: Are Financial Crises Special?

Accommodative monetary policy during the financial crisis was instrumental in preventing a deeper recession. Views differ, however, on how long such measures should be kept in place. At the heart of this debate is the notion that a protracted period of policy accommodation could create distortions. Some would argue that any distortions will be limited in extent and that further monetary stimuli should bolster the recovery. Others fear that prolonged easing may delay much-needed balance sheet adjustments, thus entrenching weak economic performance. Our analysis, based on a sample of 24 developed countries, indicates that monetary policy is less effective in a financial crisis, when impairments in the monetary transmission mechanism may occur. In particular, the results show that the benefits of accommodative monetary policy during a downturn for the subsequent recovery are more elusive when the downturn is associated with a financial crisis. In addition, we find that private sector deleveraging during a downturn helps to induce a stronger recovery. Both results hold even after controlling for the fiscal policy stance, real exchange rate movements and developments in the international environment. That said, the evidence is tentative owing to the restricted size and other limitations of our sample.
Histological study on the effect of nicotine on adult male guinea pig thin skin

Tobacco smoking has been identified as an important factor in premature skin aging to detect the histological changes occurred in adult male guinea pig thin skin under the influence of low and high doses of nicotine; which constitutes approximately 0.6%–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Fifteen adult male pigmented guinea pigs were equally divided into three groups: group I, control; group IIA, low dose nicotine treated; 3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks; and group IIB, high dose nicotine treated; 6 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Specimens from the back thin skin were processed for light and electron microscopy. Nicotine administration revealed flattened dermo-epidermal junction and reduced rete ridges formation. Collagen bundles were disorganized with increased spaces between them. A reduction in the amount of elastic fibers in the dermis were also observed compared to group I. Ultrastructurally, keratinocytes had hyperchromatic nuclei, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, disruption of desmosomal junctions, irregular tonofilaments distribution, and increased inter-cellular spaces. These changes were more pronounced with high dose nicotine administration. The epidermal thickness was reduced in low dose nicotine administration. But, high dose nicotine administration revealed increased epidermal thickness compared to the control group. Nicotine induced structural changes of adult male guinea pig thin skin. These changes were more pronounced with high dose nicotine administration.
Cryoglobulinemia in Sjögren Syndrome: A Disease Subset that Links Higher Systemic Disease Activity, Autoimmunity, and Local B Cell Proliferation in Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue

Objective. To compare systemic disease activity by validated tools, i.e., the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and the Clinical ESSDAI (ClinESSDAI) scores, between primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) with positive serum cryoglobulins and pSS without serum cryoglobulins. Methods. There were 825 consecutive patients with pSS who were retrospectively evaluated. Results. The ESSDAI and the ClinESSDAI scores were significantly higher in cryoglobulin-positive patients (p < 0.0001, for both scores). Cryoglobulinemia was significantly associated with these domains: constitutional (p = 0.003), lymphadenopathy (p = 0.007), glandular (p = 0.0002), cutaneous (p < 0.0001), peripheral nervous system (p < 0.0001), hematological (p = 0.004), and biological (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. Cryoglobulin-positive patients show the highest systemic activity in pSS.
SOME NEW EVIDENCE ON THE TIMING OF CONSUMPTION DECISIONS AND ON THEIR GENERATING PROCESS

While quarterly consumption data are known to be well fitted by an integrated first-order moving average process--IMA(1, 1)--with a positive coefficient, monthly consumption data are found to be well fitted by an IMA(1, 1) process with a negative coefficient. Without measurement errors, one implication is that, if R. Hall's (1978) random walk model of consumption behavior is true, then the agents' decision interval must be greater than a month. (In particular, this evidence rejects the possibility of continuously taken decisions.) Another implication is that, if consumption decisions are generated by an IMA(1, 1) process at intervals shorter than a month, the coefficient must be negative. The paper also discusses the case of monthly data corrupted by measurement errors. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.
Big Business: The European Experience in the Twentieth Century

This is a major comparative study of big business in the three dominant European nations across the 20th century. In particular the author looks at the character and performance of the major companies in each country at five snapshot moments through the century. In so doing he offers a broad and sweeping analysis of European business amply supported by a wealth of empirical data. Cassis view often challenges widely held assumptions about, for example, entrepreneurial failure in Britain; the relationship between big business and the Nazis in Germany; and the rebuilding of France in the post war period. To fill out his story Cassis looks closely at the role and charcter of the business elites in each country and and their relationship with wider social and political developments. The book will be essential reading for anyone interested in the development of European business and the links between business practice and the wider social and political environment in each country.
Circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma: new translational tools for diagnosis and treatment

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare primary malignant bone tumour arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, with high incidence in children and young adults, accounting for approximately 60% of all malignant bone tumours. Currently, long-term disease-free survival can be achieved by surgical treatment plus chemotherapy in approximately 60% of patients with localized extremity disease, and in 20–30% of patients with metastatic lung or bone disease. Diagnosis of primary lesions and recurrences is achieved by using radiological investigations and standard tissue biopsy, the latter being costly, painful and hardly repeatable for patients. Therefore, despite some recent advances, novel biomarkers for OS diagnosis, prediction of response to therapy, disease progression and chemoresistance, are urgently needed. Biological fluids such as blood represent a rich source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers, which allow to understand what is really happening inside the tumour, either at diagnosis or during disease progression. In this regard, liquid biopsy potentially represents an alternative and non-invasive method to detect tumour onset, progression and response to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art in this novel area, illustrating recent studies on OS. Although the data reported in literature seem preliminary, liquid biopsy represents a promising tool with the potential to be rapidly translated in the clinical practice.
Mitochondrial genome of Micrura bella (Nemertea: Heteronemertea), the largest mitochondrial genome known to phylum Nemertea

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Micrura bella was sequenced and analyzed. Being the largest mitogenome known to phylum Nemertea, the genome is 16 847 bp in length. It encodes 37 genes typical to metazoan mitogenomes and has the same gene arrangement with the other Heteronemertea mitogenomes sequenced to date. The genome has the maximal number of non-coding nucleotides (2037 bp at 25 sites) in Nemertea mitogenomes, among which two large non-coding regions were found (507 and 508 bp, respectively).
Nursing Care of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Anesthesia Awareness

Anesthesia awareness can cause adverse psychological symptoms in patients after surgery. Although rare, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been documented in surgical patients who have a history of previous trauma or maladaptive coping patterns. Plastic surgical nurses should assess all patients for anesthesia awareness postoperatively, recognize the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, and offer support of psychiatric referrals if indicated.
Too Much Work, Not Enough Tarsi: Group Size Influences Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Worker Reproduction with Implications for Sublethal Pesticide Toxicity Assessments

ABSTRACT As bumble bees may routinely forage on pesticide-treated plants, it is imperative to apply pesticides that pose minimal risk. Identifying such reduced-risk pesticides requires toxicity tests using biologically relevant and standardized exposure methods. Our goal was to develop a functional and reliable queen-less micro-colony method for determining the sublethal effects of pesticides on Bombus impatiens Cresson, a species for which further toxicity assessments are needed. Originally developed using Bombus terrestris (L.), this method involves isolating three workers and allowing them to establish and maintain a colony. The workers and brood can then be exposed to pesticides and various effects measured simultaneously. Our preliminary work indicated that B. impatiens workers were unable to reproduce under the micro-colony conditions developed for B. terrestris. In the current study, we focused on the potential role of group size in B. impatiens worker reproduction by placing groups of three or five sister workers together and assessing their ability to establish a colony and rear males to adulthood. While both groups oviposited and produced males, significantly more males emerged from micro-colonies of five workers. We conclude that group size affects B. impatiens worker reproduction, and this effect in bumble bees varies interspecifically. In the context of toxicity testing, we recommend the use of at least five B. impatiens workers in micro-colonies to ensure a level of reproduction that allows the detection of potential sublethal changes to reproduction or development.
Network-Based Analysis of Schizophrenia Genome-Wide Association Data to Detect the Joint Functional Association Signals

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder with high heritability and complex genetic architecture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several significant loci associated with schizophrenia. However, the explained heritability is still low. Growing evidence has shown schizophrenia is attributable to multiple genes with moderate effects. In-depth mining and integration of GWAS data is urgently expected to uncover disease-related gene combination patterns. Network-based analysis is a promising strategy to better interpret GWAS to identify disease-related network modules. We performed a network-based analysis on three independent schizophrenia GWASs by using a refined analysis framework, which included a more accurate gene P-value calculation, dynamic network module searching algorithm and detailed functional analysis for the obtained modules genes. The result generated 79 modules including 238 genes, which form a highly connected subnetwork with more statistical significance than expected by chance. The result validated several reported disease genes, such as MAD1L1, MCC, SDCCAG8, VAT1L, MAPK14, MYH9 and FXYD6, and also obtained several novel candidate genes and gene-gene interactions. Pathway enrichment analysis of the module genes suggested they were enriched in several neural and immune system related pathways/GO terms, such as neurotrophin signaling pathway, synaptosome, regulation of protein ubiquitination, and antigen processing and presentation. Further crosstalk analysis revealed these pathways/GO terms were cooperated with each other, and identified several important genes, which might play vital roles to connect these functions. Our network-based analysis of schizophrenia GWASs will facilitate the understanding of genetic mechanisms of schizophrenia.
AGE ALTERS mRNA GENE EXPRESSION IN THE FRACTURE CALLUS OF RATS BY MICROARRAY ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION: The time required for bridging callus formation following femoral fracture increases with age in the rat (1). While young, 6-week-old rats form bridging callus by 4 weeks after fracture, adult, 26-week-old rats require 10 weeks, and older, 52-week-old rats need in excess of 26 weeks (1). Despite this increased time to healing with age, there was no increase in the time of expression of Indian hedgehog or any of the bone morphogenetic proteins in the fracture callus (2). Bridging callus formation for adult and older rats occurred after the time of expression of these skeletally active cytokines (2). Except for markers of osteoblast activity and bone matrix formation, few genes remain up-regulated in the time period of bridging callus formation (3). These earlier studies revealed a paucity of data for genes differentially expressed by age. Either bridging callus formation is not subject to negative-feedback control, or the genes up-regulated to control bridging callus formation are not those normally thought of as being involved in skeletal homeostasis. This suggested the need for a wider search for genes active during the fracture reparative process. In this project, mRNA gene expression was measured by DNA microarray technology at various time points for young, adult, and older rats. The goal was to identify genes whose expression following fracture was altered by age. Such genes may be involved in fracture healing, either by causing the slowing with age by loss of function, or by responding to the slowing with enhanced gene expression to attempt to accelerate the healing process.
Experiences of employment among young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a qualitative study

Abstract Purpose: This study explored expectations and experiences of employment among young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the role of health professionals in promoting positive employment outcomes. Methods: Semistructured interviews (n = 13) and three focus groups (n = 9, n = 4, n = 3) were conducted with young people (16–25 y) and adults (26–31 y) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and semistructured interviews (n = 9) were conducted with health professionals. Transcripts were analyzed thematically. Results: Young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis have concerns about employers’ attitudes toward employees with long-term health conditions and lack knowledge of antidiscrimination legislation. Young people not in education, employment or training identify arthritis as a key barrier. Challenges associated with arthritis (e.g., pain, psychological distress) may not be visible to employers. Decisions about disclosing arthritis are challenging and cause anxiety. Young people associate good disease management and access to flexible and convenient care with their capacity to succeed in employment. Psychosocial and vocational interventions have benefited some young people but are not routinely available. Conclusions: Low expectations of employers may affect young people’s decisions about disclosure and seeking appropriate support in the work place. Health professionals can equip young people with knowledge and skills to negotiate appropriate support, through signposting to antidiscrimination information and offering practice of transferable skills such as disclosure in consultations. Implications for rehabilitation Young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis encounter challenges with regard to employment; many lack the knowledge and skills to negotiate appropriate support from employers. Rehabilitation professionals could play a more substantial role in equipping them with relevant knowledge and skills by signposting to antidiscrimination information and nurturing transferable skills, such as disclosure, in consultations. Potentially helpful interventions, such as group activities or assessment by a psychologist, have benefited some but need more evaluative scrutiny with respect to employment outcomes.
Uncoupling of the spindle-checkpoint and chromosome-congression functions of BubR1

The BubR1 checkpoint protein performs multiple functions in mitosis. We have carried out a functional analysis of conserved motifs of human BubR1 (also known as BUB1B) and demonstrate that spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and chromosome attachment functions can be uncoupled from each other. Mutation of five proline-directed serine phosphorylation sites, identified in vivo by mass spectrometry, essentially abolishes attachment of chromosomes to the spindle but has no effect on SAC functionality. By contrast, mutation of the two conserved KEN boxes required for SAC function does not impact chromosome congression. Interestingly, the contribution of the two KEN-box motifs is not equal. Cdc20 associates with the N-terminal but not C-terminal KEN box, and mutation of the N-terminal KEN motif results in more severe acceleration of mitotic timing. Moreover, the two KEN motifs are not sufficient for maximal binding of Cdc20 and APC/C, which also requires sequences in the BubR1 C-terminus. Finally, mutation of the GLEBS motif causes loss of Bub3 interaction and mislocalization of BubR1 from the kinetochore; concomitantly, BubR1 phosphorylation as well as SAC activity and chromosome congression are impaired, indicating that the GLEBS motif is strictly required for both major functions of human BubR1.