Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Convex Projected Gradient Descent for Generalized Low-Rank Tensor Regression

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning high-dimensional tensor regression problems with low-rank structure. One of the core challenges associated with learning high-dimensional models is computation since the underlying optimization problems are often non-convex. While convex relaxations could lead to polynomial-time algorithms they are often slow in practice. On the other hand, limited theoretical guarantees exist for non-convex methods. In this paper we provide a general framework that provides theoretical guarantees for learning high-dimensional tensor regression models under different low-rank structural assumptions using the projected gradient descent algorithm applied to a potentially non-convex constraint set $\Theta$ in terms of its \emph{localized Gaussian width}. We juxtapose our theoretical results for non-convex projected gradient descent algorithms with previous results on regularized convex approaches. The two main differences between the convex and non-convex approach are: (i) from a computational perspective whether the non-convex projection operator is computable and whether the projection has desirable contraction properties and (ii) from a statistical upper bound perspective, the non-convex approach has a superior rate for a number of examples. We provide three concrete examples of low-dimensional structure which address these issues and explain the pros and cons for the non-convex and convex approaches. We supplement our theoretical results with simulations which show that, under several common settings of generalized low rank tensor regression, the projected gradient descent approach is superior both in terms of statistical error and run-time provided the step-sizes of the projected descent algorithm are suitably chosen.
Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma on Graphs

A combinatorial graph can be used to place a geography on a population of evolving agents. In this paper agents are trained to play prisoner's dilemma while situated on combinatorial graphs. A collection of thirteen different combinatorial graphs is used. The graph always limits which agents can mate during reproduction. Two sets of experiments are performed for each graph: one in which agents only play prisoners dilemma against their neighbors and one in which fitness is evaluated by a round robin tournament among all population members. Populations are evaluated on their level of cooperativeness, the type of play they engage in, and by identifying the type and diversity of strategies that are present. This latter analysis relies on the fingerprinting of players, a representation-independent method of identifying strategies. Changing the combinatorial graph on which a population lives is found to yield statistically significant changes in the character of the evolved populations for all the metrics used
Electrostatic Spray Deposition-Based Manganese Oxide Films—From Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage Materials to Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Integrands

In this study, porous manganese oxide (MnOx) thin films were synthesized via electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and evaluated as pseudocapacitive electrode materials in neutral aqueous media. Very interestingly, the gravimetric specific capacitance of the ESD-based electrodes underwent a marked enhancement upon electrochemical cycling, from 72 F∙g−1 to 225 F∙g−1, with a concomitant improvement in kinetics and conductivity. The change in capacitance and resistivity is attributed to a partial electrochemical phase transformation from the spinel-type hausmannite Mn3O4 to the conducting layered birnessite MnO2. Furthermore, the films were able to retain 88.4% of the maximal capacitance after 1000 cycles. Upon verifying the viability of the manganese oxide films for pseudocapacitive applications, the thin films were integrated onto carbon micro-pillars created via carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) for examining their application as potential microelectrode candidates. In a symmetric two-electrode cell setup, the MnOx/C-MEMS microelectrodes were able to deliver specific capacitances as high as 0.055 F∙cm−2 and stack capacitances as high as 7.4 F·cm−3, with maximal stack energy and power densities of 0.51 mWh·cm−3 and 28.3 mW·cm−3, respectively. The excellent areal capacitance of the MnOx-MEs is attributed to the pseudocapacitive MnOx as well as the three-dimensional architectural framework provided by the carbon micro-pillars.
Synchronous Aberrant Cerebellar and Opercular Development in Fetuses and Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: Correlation with Early Communicative Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, Initial Experience

Abstract Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) demonstrate multidomain cognitive delays. Cingulo-opercular and cerebellar brain networks are critical to language functions. This is a description of our initial experience aiming to identify an anatomic correlate for CHD patients with expressive language delays. Fetal CHD patients, prospectively enrolled, underwent serial fetal (1.5T), postnatal pre- and postoperative (3T) MRI. Non-CHD patients were enrolled retrospectively from the same epoch. Comparable fetal and neonatal T2 contrast was used for manual linear cross-sectional measurement. Multivariable analysis was used for adjustments and curve fitting. Neurodevelopment was assessed with Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd ed. between 9 and 36 months of age. This interim analysis included patients from our longitudinal CHD study who had fetal, postnatal imaging and neurodevelopmental data—yielding a total of 62 mothers (11 CHD fetuses and 51 non-CHD fetuses). Altered brain trajectories were seen in selected cerebellar and opercular measurements in CHD patients compared with the non-CHD group. Smaller inferior cerebellar vermis measurements were associated with multiple communication-related abnormalities. Altered early structural development of the cerebellum and operculum is present in patients with CHD, which correlates with specific neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
HyberLoc: Providing Physical Layer Location Privacy in Hybrid Sensor Networks

In many hybrid wireless sensor networks' applications, sensor nodes are deployed in hostile environments where trusted and un-trusted nodes co-exist. In anchor-based hybrid networks, it becomes important to allow trusted nodes to gain full access to the location information transmitted in beacon frames while, at the same time, prevent un-trusted nodes from using this information. The main challenge is that un-trusted nodes can measure the physical signal transmitted from anchor nodes, even if these nodes encrypt their transmission. Using the measured signal strength, un-trusted nodes can still tri-laterate the location of anchor nodes. In this paper, we propose HyberLoc, an algorithm that provides anchor physical layer location privacy in anchor-based hybrid sensor networks. The idea is for anchor nodes to dynamically change their transmission power following a certain probability distribution, degrading the localization accuracy at un-trusted nodes while maintaining high localization accuracy at trusted nodes. Given an average power constraint, our analysis shows that the discretized exponential distribution is the distribution that maximizes location uncertainty at the un-trusted nodes. Detailed evaluation through analysis, simulation, and implementation shows that HyperLoc gives trusted nodes up to 3.5 times better localization accuracy as compared to un-trusted nodes.
Classical and quantum thermodynamics of horizons in spherically symmetric spacetimes

A general formalism for understanding the thermodynamics of horizons in spherically symmetric spacetimes is developed. The formalism reproduces known results in the case of black-hole spacetimes and can handle more general situations such as: (i) spacetimes which are not asymptotically flat (such as the de Sitter spacetime) and (ii) spacetimes with multiple horizons having different temperatures (such as the Schwarzschild–de Sitter spacetime) and provide a consistent interpretation for temperature, entropy and energy. I show that it is possible to write Einstein's equations for a spherically symmetric spacetime in the form T dS − dE = P dV near any horizon of radius a with S equal; 1/4(4πa2), |E| = (a/2) and the temperature T determined from the surface gravity at the horizon. The pressure P is provided by the source of Einstein's equations and dV is the change in the volume when the horizon is displaced infinitesimally. The same results can be obtained by evaluating the quantum mechanical partition function without using Einstein's equations or the WKB approximation for the action. Both the classical and quantum analyses provide a simple and consistent interpretation of entropy and energy for de Sitter spacetime as well as for (1 + 2) dimensional gravity. For the Rindler spacetime the entropy per unit transverse area turns out to be 1/4 while the energy is zero. The approach also shows that the de Sitter horizon—like the Schwarzschild horizon—is effectively one dimensional as far as the flow of information is concerned, while the Schwarzschild–de Sitter, Reissner–Nordstrom horizons are not. The implications for spacetimes with multiple horizons are discussed.
Opinion Leaders And Seekers in Online Brand Communities: Centered on Korean Digital Camera Brand Communities

In extending the theories of opinion leadership and seeking to the online environment, this study sought to explore whether the established theories for the offline environment would also help us understand opinion leadership in the online world. The tests of hypotheses revealed consistent patterns of opinion leadership and seeking behaviors across the online and offline environments. However, these tests resulted in insignificant relationships between online opinion seeking and offline opinion leadership levels. Furthermore, the hypothesized negative relationship between online opinion leadership and offline seeking was not only not supported, but was contradicted. That is, those who had a high level of opinion seeking in the offline environment also displayed high levels of opinion leadership in the online environment. The current study also demonstrated that some psychological characteristics such as consumer expertise, domain-specific innovativeness and media habits, as well as attitudes toward online brand communities, were significant predictors for opinion leadership in the online environment. In addition to opinion leadership, the current study explored traits of opinion seeking, suggesting that people with a high level of opinion seeking may exhibit different characteristics and behaviors from what opinion leaders exhibit.
Cellular Stress Induced Alterations in MicroRNA let-7a and let-7b Expression Are Dependent on p53

Genotoxic stressors, such as radiation, induce cellular damage that activates pre-programmed repair pathways, some of which involve microRNAs (miRNA) that alter gene expression. The let-7 family of miRNA regulates multiple cellular processes including cell division and DNA repair pathways. However, the role and mechanism underlying regulation of let-7 genes in response to stress have yet to be elucidated. In this study we demonstrate that let-7a and let-7b expression decreases significantly following exposure to agents that induce stress including ionizing radiation. This decrease in expression is dependent on p53 and ATM in vitro and is not observed in a p53−/− colon cancer cell line (HCT116) or ATM−/− human fibroblasts. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed p53 binding to a region upstream of the let-7 gene following radiation exposure. Luciferase transient transfections demonstrated that this p53 binding site is necessary for radiation-induced decreases in let-7 expression. A radiation-induced decrease in let-7a and let-7b expression is also observed in radiation-sensitive tissues in vivo and correlates with altered expression of proteins in p53-regulated pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. In contrast, this decreased expression is not observed in p53 knock-out mice suggesting that p53 directly repress let-7 expression. Exogenous expression of let-7a and let-7b increased radiation-induced cytotoxicity in HCT116 p53+/+ cells but not HCT116 p53−/− cells. These results are the first demonstration of a mechanistic connection between the radiation-induced stress response and the regulation of miRNA and radiation-induced cytotoxicity and suggest that this process may be a molecular target for anticancer agents.
Post-tonic syllables and prosodic boundaries in Brazilian portuguese

This paper aims to verify how prosodic boundaries may affect the duration of post-tonic syllables in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP). The results show that the only prosodic boundary that has significant lengthening is intonational phrase, and its application relates to both posttonics and tonics. Additionally, we found that there is no relation between lengthening and higher prosodic levels, since there was no significant difference in the clitic group (C) and phonological phrase (Φ). Finally we found that there was no statistical correlation between duration and vowel quality, but there was a correlation between the consonant voicing and duration.
Patient safety attitudes of pharmacy students in an Ethiopian university: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Patient safety is a major health care concern and is being included in an undergraduate curriculum as it plays a major role in lessening harm. Therefore, we aim to assess the attitude of pharmacy students toward patient safety. Methods A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire containing 21 items was conducted at the University of Gondar among fourth and fifth year students. Data analysis was performed to calculate mean, standard deviation, percentages, and logistic regressions using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results A total of 83 pharmacy students (fourth year groups=50, fifth year groups=33) participated in the study with response rate of 92%. Majority of the students 70/83 (84.33%) had the overall positive attitude of patient safety. Most of the respondents (80.7%) agree or strongly agree that after an error occurs, an effective strategy is to work hard to be more careful. Most of them (79.6%) believe that pharmacists should routinely spend part of their professional time working to improve patient care. About half (48.2%) of pharmacy students disagree or strongly disagree that pharmacists should discuss and report errors to an affected patient and their family even if the patient is not harmed. No significant association between the attitude of pharmacy students toward patient safety and their age, sex and year of study was found. Conclusion Pharmacy students have the overall good attitude to patient safety. However, they claimed the culture and attitude within the pharmacy workplace lacked for patient safety. Moreover, standardized patient safety course should be considered in the curriculum for junior pharmacy students to improve their attitude toward patient safety.
Deep learning for photoacoustic tomography from sparse data

ABSTRACT The development of fast and accurate image reconstruction algorithms is a central aspect of computed tomography. In this paper, we investigate this issue for the sparse data problem in photoacoustic tomography (PAT). We develop a direct and highly efficient reconstruction algorithm based on deep learning. In our approach, image reconstruction is performed with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), whose weights are adjusted prior to the actual image reconstruction based on a set of training data. The proposed reconstruction approach can be interpreted as a network that uses the PAT filtered backprojection algorithm for the first layer, followed by the U-net architecture for the remaining layers. Actual image reconstruction with deep learning consists in one evaluation of the trained CNN, which does not require time-consuming solution of the forward and adjoint problems. At the same time, our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed deep learning approach reconstructs images with a quality comparable to state of the art iterative approaches for PAT from sparse data.
Insights into native epitopes of proliferating cell nuclear antigen using recombinant DNA protein products

A cDNA clone encoding full-length human proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used to generate a panel of in vitro translated labeled protein products with COOH-terminal deletions and to construct a set of fusion proteins with COOH- and NH2-terminal deletions. A rabbit antiserum raised against an NH2-terminal peptide, a well- characterized murine monoclonal antibody (mAb), and 14 human lupus sera with autoantibody to PCNA were analyzed for their reactivity with the constructs using both immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques. The rabbit antiserum reacted in immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with constructs containing the appropriate NH2-terminal sequence and mAb reacted with a sequence from the midregion of PCNA. These experimentally induced antibodies also reacted with 15-mer synthetic peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In contrast, none of the lupus sera reacted with synthetic peptides in ELISA. 9 of the 14 lupus sera also failed to react in Western immunoblotting with any recombinant fusion protein, although they all immunoprecipitated in vitro translated full-length protein. Four of the nine had variable patterns of immunoprecipitation with shorter constructs. The remaining five lupus sera were able to immunoprecipitate translation products as well as Western blot recombinant fusion proteins. From analysis of the patterns of reactivity of human lupus sera, it was deduced that the apparent heterogeneity of human autoantibodies to PCNA could be explained by immune response to highly conformational epitopes. These observations demonstrate that there might be special features in "native" epitopes of intranuclear antigens that are recognized by autoantibodies, and that these special features of native epitopes might not be present in prepared antigen used for experimental immunization. These features may be related to protein folding or to association of the antigen with other intranuclear proteins or nucleic acids, as might occur with antigens that are components of subcellular particles.
Newer aspects of glutamine/glutamate metabolism: the role of acute pH changes.

This review focuses on the role of acute pH changes in the regulation of Gln/Glu metabolism in the kidney, liver, and brain. Alterations of proton concentration ([H(+)]) profoundly affect flux through phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the primary enzymes responsible for mitochondrial metabolism of glutamine and glutamate, respectively. In the kidney, acute acidosis stimulates Gln uptake and its metabolism via the PDG pathway. The Glu formed from Gln can be removed via 1) oxidative deamination through the GDH reaction, 2) transamination reactions, and 3) transport of Glu from intracellular to extracellular compartment, thereby diminishing the intramitochondrial pool of glutamate sufficiently to stimulate flux through the PDG pathway. Converse changes may occur with increased pH. In the liver, acidosis diminishes the rate of Gln and Glu metabolism via the PDG and GDH pathways, but stimulates glutamine synthesis (i.e., glutamine recycling). Alkalosis has little effect. Hepatic Gln metabolism via the PDG pathway has a central role in ureagenesis via 1) supplementation of nitrogen for the synthesis of carbamyl phosphate, and 2) providing glutamate for N-acetylglutamate synthesis. In the brain, Gln/Glu metabolism links ammonia detoxification and energy metabolism via 1) detoxification of ammonia and excess glutamate by glutamine synthesis in astrocytes, 2) formation and export of glutamine to neurons where it is metabolized to glutamate and GABA, and 3) production of alpha-ketoglutarate and lactate from Glu and their transport to neurons. Changes in intracellular pH associated with changes in cellular [K(+)] may have a key role in the regulation of these processes of glial-neuronal metabolism of Gln/Glu metabolism.
Preparation of Dental Composite Using Hydroxyapatite from Natural Sources and Silica

Dental resin-based composites (RBCs) have been widely used in dental treatment because of their excellent characteristics such as aesthetic, mechanical and biocompatibility properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different composition of natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) and silica as a filler in dental resin. Different ratio of silica (0, 5, 15, 20 wt%) was added to NHAp and mixed with organic resin. The resin used were bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with their ratio of 50/25/25 wt% respectively. The ratio of fillers and organic resins were 70:30 wt%. The composites were inserted into the mould and cured for 60 s on both sides. The surface roughness, Vickers hardness, flexural and compressive strength were evaluated and compared. The results indicated that the mechanical properties depending on the composition ratio of HAp and silica. The optimum composition with the highest flexural and compressive strength was 85 wt% of HAp and 15 wt% of silica. This result was met the standard requirement of dental composite.
MOEA/D with Uniform Design for Solving Multiobjective Knapsack Problems

The 0/1 knapsack problem is a well-known problem, which appears in many real domains with practical importance. The problem is NP-complete. The multiobjective 0/1 knapsack problem is a generalization of the 0/1 knapsack problem in which multiple knapsacks are considered. Many algorithms have been proposed in the past five decades for both single and multiobjective knapsack problems. A new version of MOEA/D with uniform design for solving multiobjective 0/1 knapsack problems is proposed in this paper. The algorithm adopts the uniform design method to generate the aggregation coefficient vectors so that the decomposed scalar optimization subproblems are uniformly scattered, and therefore the algorithm could explore uniformly the region of interest from the initial iteration. To illustrate how the algorithm works, some numerical experiments on the benchmark multiobjective knapsack problems are realized. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms NSGA-II, SPEA2 and PESA significantly for the 2-objective, 3-objective and 4-objective knapsack problems.
Chaos and quasi-periodicity in diffeomorphisms of the solid torus

This paper focuses on the parametric abundance and the 'Cantorial' persistence under perturbations of a recently discovered class of strange attractors for diffeomorphisms, the so-called quasi-periodic Henon-like. Such attractors were first detected in the Poincare map of a periodically driven model of the atmospheric flow: they were characterised by marked quasi-periodic intermittency and by $\Lambda_1>0,\Lambda_2\approx0$, where $\Lambda_1$ and $\Lambda_2$ are the two largest Lyapunov exponents. It was also conjectured that these attractors coincide with the closure of the unstable manifold of a hyperbolic invariant circle of saddle-type. This type of attractor is here investigated in a model map of the solid torus, constructed by a skew coupling of the Henon family of planar maps with the Arnol$'$d family of circle maps. It is proved that Henon-like strange attractors occur in certain parameter domains. Numerical evidence is produced, suggesting that quasi-periodic circle attractors and quasi-periodic Henon-like attractors persist in relatively large subsets of the parameter space. We also discuss two problems in the numerical identification of so-called strange nonchaotic attractors and the persistence of all these classes of attractors under perturbation of the skew product structure.