Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asteroids in the inner Solar system - II. Observable properties

ABSTRA C T This paper presents synthetic observations of long-lived coorbiting asteroids of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Mars. Our sample is constructed by taking the limiting semimajor axes, differential longitudes and inclinations for long-lived stability provided by simulations. The intervals are randomly populated with values to create initial conditions. These orbits are re-simulated to check that they are stable and then re-sampled every 2.5 yr for 1 Myr. The Mercurian sample only contains horseshoe orbits, whereas the Martian sample only contains tadpoles. For both Venus and the Earth, the greatest concentration of objects on the sky occurs close to the classical Lagrange points at heliocentric ecliptic longitudes of 608 and 3008 . T he distributions are broad especially if horseshoes are present in the sample. The FWHM in heliocentric longitude for Venus is 3258 and for the Earth is 3288. The mean and most common velocity of these coorbiting satellites coincides with the mean motion of the parent planet, but again the spread is wide with an FWHM of 27.8 and 21.0 arcsec h 21 for Venus and the Earth, respectively. For Mars, the greatest concentration on the sky occurs at heliocentric ecliptic latitudes of ^128. The peak of the velocity distribution occurs at 65 arcsec h 21 , significantly less than the Martian mean motion, while its FWHM is 32.3 arcsec h 21 . T he case of Mercury is the hardest of all, as the greatest concentrations occur at heliocentric longitudes of 168 0 and 3488 5 and so are different from the classical values. The fluctuating eccentricity of Mercury means that these objects can have velocities exceeding 1000 arcsec h 21 although the most common velocity is 459 arcsec h 21 , which is much less than the Mercurian mean motion. A variety of search strategies are discussed, including wide-field CCD imaging, space satellites such as the Global Astrometry Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA), groundbased surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), as well as infrared cameras and space-borne coronagraphs.
Orbifold Cohomology of ADE-singularities

We study Ruan's "cohomological crepant resolution conjecture" (see math.AG/0108195) for orbifolds with transversal ADE singularities. Let [Y] be such an orbifold, Y its coarse moduli space and Z the crepant resolution of Y. Following Ruan [math.AG/0108195], we have a deformation of the cohomology ring H^*(Z) using some Gromov-Witten invariants of Z. The resulting family of rings will be denoted by H^*(Z)(q_1,.,q_n), where q_1,. ,q_n are complex parameters. In the A_n case we compute both the orbifold cohomology ring H^*_{orb}([Y]) and the family H^*(Z)(q_1,.,q_n). The former is achieved in general, the later up to an explicit conjecture on the Gromov-Witten invariants which is verified under additional, technical assumptions. We construct an explicit isomorphism between H^*_{orb}([Y]) and H^*(Z)(-1) in the A_1 case, verifying Ruan's conjecture. In the A_2 case, the family H^*(q_1,q_2) is not defined for q_1=q_2=-1, so the conjecture should be slightly modified. However we give an explicit isomorphism between H^*_{orb}([Y]) and H^*(Z)(q_1,q_2) with q_1=q_2 be a primitive third root of the unity, thus proving a slightly modified version of Ruan's conjecture. It is natural to conjecture that, in the A_n case, H^*_{orb}([Y]) is isomorphic to H^*(Z)(q_1,.,q_n) with q_1=. =q_n be a primitive (n+1)-th root of the unity.
Hemodynamic and electrophysiological study of the role of the anterior cingulate in target‐related processing and selection for action

A number of experiments requiring attention or other complex cognitive functions have found substantial activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Some of these studies have suggested that this area may be involved in “selection for action,” such as for selecting to respond to a target stimulus. Here, positron emission tomography (PET) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were used to study the effects of target probability during a demanding visual spatial attention task, in which the target percentage was either low (2%, 1 per ∼26 sec) or high (16%, 1 per ∼3.5 sec). As expected, ERPs to detected targets evoked large, bilaterally distributed P300 waves. The PET showed strong activation of the ACC, particularly dorsally, during all the attend conditions relative to passive. However, these PET activations did not significantly differ between the few‐target and many‐target conditions, showing only a small trend to be larger in the many‐target case. Such results indicate that the bulk of the ACC activation does not reflect selection for action per se, while also suggesting that the ACC is not a likely source of the P300 effect. The current data, however, do not argue against the ACC serving a role in maintaining a vigilant or anticipatory state in which one may need to select for action, or in continually or repeatedly (i.e., for each stimulus) needing to resolve whether to select to act or to not act. Hum Brain Mapping 8:121–127, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Relationship Between MAOA Gene Polymorphism and Test Anxiety

In a sample of 569 Chinese high school students, the present findings indicated that students with the 4-repeat genotype showed a higher level of test anxiety. Furthermore, the prediction of academic performance on test anxiety was stronger among students with the 3-repeat genotype than those with the 4-repeat genotype. The present findings suggest that mono-amine-oxidase type A gene polymorphism is significantly related to test anxiety.
MedMOLE : Mining literature to extract biological knowledge by microarray data

DNA microarray technology is a high throughput method for gaining information on gene function. It allows the simultaneous collection of quantitative data about the differential expression of thousands of genes. This large amount of data is analyzed to identify clusters of genes that share common expression characteristics, but the obtained results provide little information regarding the presence of functional biological correlations of genes within clusters. The published literature, on the other hand, provides a potential source of information to assist in interpretation of clustering results. We have developed a tool (MedMOLE) that improves the comprehension of microarray experimental results by identifying the main Proc. Virt. Conf. Genom. and Bioinf. (1): 4-9 www.ndsu. edu/virtual-genomics North Dakota State University, USA. ISBN:Under processing Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not distributed for profit or commercial advantage. functions among a group of genes, as are reported in MEDLINE documents. It also makes easier the identification of function/disease-specific genes, thus simplifying the design of specially-devoted microarray. The tool relies on two components: a gene name extractor and a mining algorithm. The name extractor is based on existing dictionaries of gene names and aliases. The mining algorithm analyzes the co-occurrences of words in the selected documents in order to automatically interpret the context, identify where the gene names appear, and map documents (and genes) into functional classes. The tool was tested on a dataset of abstracts containing the name aliases related to 14,659 human LocusLink IDs. On the basis of our results, it seems that MedMOLE, combined with transcription profiles, clustering and gene ontology categorization, can be very helpful in unravelling the role of genes found to be differentially expressed in microarray experiments.
Public Debt Overhang in the Heterogeneous Agent Model

In this paper, I demonstrate that expansionary fiscal policy associated with an increase in public debt can cause a persistent recession. I assume that entrepreneurs have borrowing constraints and that the government issues debt and collects tax from productive entrepreneurs. The government can also transfer resources to workers. Under this setting, an increase in public debt per se can enhance economic growth as it can compensate for the shortage of liquidity. However, output decreases as the transfer increases due to the income effect of the transfer on workers increasing the wage rate. Noticeably, both output and interest rates decline as the transfer and debt become larger. This result challenges the widely accepted view that the negative effect of expansionary fiscal policy on output should be the crowding-out effect that works through a hike in interest rates. It also implies that redistribution from workers to productive agents may enhance economic growth.
Contractile activity is required for the expression of neonatal myosin heavy chain in embryonic chick pectoral muscle cultures

The expression of neonatal myosin heavy chain (MHC) was examined in developing embryonic chicken muscle cultures using a monoclonal antibody (2E9) that has been shown to be specific for that isoform (Bandman, E., 1985, Science (Wash. DC), 227: 780-782). After 1 wk in vitro some myotubes could be stained with the antibody, and the number of cells that reacted with 2E9 increased with time in culture. All myotubes always stained with a second monoclonal antibody that reacted with all MHC isoforms (AG19) or with a third monoclonal antibody that reacted with the embryonic but not the neonatal MHC (EB165). Quantitation by ELISA of an extract from 2-wk cultures demonstrated that the neonatal MHC represented between 10 and 15% of the total myosin. The appearance of the neonatal isoform was inhibited by switching young cultures to medium with a higher [K+] which has been shown to block spontaneous contractions of myotubes in culture. Furthermore, if mature cultures that reacted with the neonatal antibody were placed into high [K+] medium, neonatal MHC disappeared from virtually all myotubes within 3 d. The effect of high [K+] medium was reversible. When cultures maintained in high [K+] medium for 2 wk were placed in standard medium, which permitted the resumption of contractile activity, within 24 h cells began to react with the neonatal specific antibody, and by 72 h many myotubes were strongly positive. Since similar results were also obtained by inhibiting spontaneous contractions with tetrodotoxin, we suggest that the development of contractile activity is not only associated with the maturation of myotubes in culture, but may also be the signal that induces the expression of the neonatal MHC.
Incentives for pollution abatement: Regulation, regulatory threats, and non‐governmental pressures

In the last decade, voluntary efforts by firms to reduce their environmental impacts have received increasing attention from both policymakers and scholars. This article discusses polluters' incentives to reduce their releases. In particular, using data from Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory, it examines the impacts of conventional regulation, threats of regulation, and non-governmental pressures facilitated by public dissemination of information about pollutant releases. The vast majority of reductions reported to the inventory to date were found not to be voluntary, as has often been assumed, but are, rather, the result of direct regulation of a relatively small number of polluters. Strong effects of federal regulation were found among other sources, as well, with much weaker responses to the mere threat of regulation. However, of concern are the growth of less visible waste streams-such as land disposal and underground injection-as well as transfers of wastes to other communities. Finally, evidence is reported that some waste streams are increasing in toxicity, an effect that may outweigh the benefits of reductions in releases. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Coordinative Artifacts in Architectural Practise

CSCW researchers have increasingly come to realize that the material work settings and the artifacts that populate them play a crucial role in the seamless and effective coordination and alignment of cooperative work. However, while the central role of artifacts in cooperative work has been recognized and applauded, the concept of artifact as used in CSCW is highly problematic as it often presumes mentalist notions of artifacts as simple vehicles of ‘information’. This paper is an attempt to depart from these notions. Based upon ethnographic studies of architectural work, we attempt to develop an understanding of the coordinative roles of artifacts which accounts for the multiplicity of artifacts and the complex interplay of particular practices and the specific material forms of artifacts.
Meta-analysis reveals complex marine biological responses to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming

Ocean acidification and warming are considered two of the greatest threats to marine biodiversity, yet the combined effect of these stressors on marine organisms remains largely unclear. Using a meta-analytical approach, we assessed the biological responses of marine organisms to the effects of ocean acidification and warming in isolation and combination. As expected biological responses varied across taxonomic groups, life-history stages, and trophic levels, but importantly, combining stressors generally exhibited a stronger biological (either positive or negative) effect. Using a subset of orthogonal studies, we show that four of five of the biological responses measured (calcification, photosynthesis, reproduction, and survival, but not growth) interacted synergistically when warming and acidification were combined. The observed synergisms between interacting stressors suggest that care must be made in making inferences from single-stressor studies. Our findings clearly have implications for the development of adaptive management strategies particularly given that the frequency of stressors interacting in marine systems will be likely to intensify in the future. There is now an urgent need to move toward more robust, holistic, and ecologically realistic climate change experiments that incorporate interactions. Without them accurate predictions about the likely deleterious impacts to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning over the next century will not be possible.
Stage-Specific Expression Profiling of Drosophila Spermatogenesis Suggests that Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation Drives Genomic Relocation of Testis-Expressed Genes

In Drosophila, genes expressed in males tend to accumulate on autosomes and are underrepresented on the X chromosome. In particular, genes expressed in testis have been observed to frequently relocate from the X chromosome to the autosomes. The inactivation of X-linked genes during male meiosis (i.e., meiotic sex chromosome inactivation—MSCI) was first proposed to explain male sterility caused by X-autosomal translocation in Drosophila, and more recently it was suggested that MSCI might provide the conditions under which selection would favor the accumulation of testis-expressed genes on autosomes. In order to investigate the impact of MSCI on Drosophila testis-expressed genes, we performed a global gene expression analysis of the three major phases of D. melanogaster spermatogenesis: mitosis, meiosis, and post-meiosis. First, we found evidence supporting the existence of MSCI by comparing the expression levels of X- and autosome-linked genes, finding the former to be significantly reduced in meiosis. Second, we observed that the paucity of X-linked testis-expressed genes was restricted to those genes highly expressed in meiosis. Third, we found that autosomal genes relocated through retroposition from the X chromosome were more often highly expressed in meiosis in contrast to their X-linked parents. These results suggest MSCI as a general mechanism affecting the evolution of some testis-expressed genes.
Hyaluronan for knee osteoarthritis: an updated meta-analysis of trials with low risk of bias

Background The effectiveness of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) injection for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is debated. Objectives To evaluate the effect of IAHA for patients with KOA by analysing data from trials of IAHA versus placebo with low risk of bias, to provide the highest level of evidence. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a low risk of bias (adequate randomisation and concealment and double-blind design) that investigated IAHA versus placebo (saline solution) injection were eligible. The primary efficacy measure was pain intensity and secondary outcome function at 3 months. The treatment effect was summarised with the standardised mean difference (SMD) calculated from differences in means of pain and function measures between treatment and control groups at 3 months. Trials were pooled by a random-effects model with DerSimonian and Laird weights. Statistical heterogeneity was explored by a visual exploration of forest plots and the I2 statistic. Results A total of eight RCTs (2 199 randomised patients) met our inclusion criteria. IAHA significantly reduced the pain intensity (SMD=−0.21, 95% CI (95% CI) −0.32 to −0.10) and improved function (SMD=−0.12, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.02). Trials showed no heterogeneity. Conclusions This meta-analysis of high-quality trials of IAHA versus placebo shows that IAHA provides a moderate but real benefit for patients with KOA.
El tiempo de compromiso motor en las sesiones de Educación Física del primer y segundo ciclo de Educación Primaria

The main objectives of this study were to describe the most common type of sessions in physical education classes depending on the type of students groupings and to analyze the time available for practice (TCM) depending on the type of meeting, school year or when students practice the first, second and third year of primary education. This study involved 264 children who were studying in the first, second and third year of primary education. A total of 176 physical education sessions were recorded by observation tool TiPEF which showed excellent reliability (Cohen's Kappa = 0.95 to 0.99). The sessions where a cluster of large group used were the most used (33.5%) and sessions where the clusters were in groups of 4, 8 and 12 participants were the least used (5.7% each). The mean duration of TCM for all sessions analyzed was 21.4 ± 3.8 min / session, meaning that 67.2% of the time bound for other tasks that did not involve driving practice. The freshmen were the most TCM arranged by session and the third year the least (p <0.01). In sessions after recess and early in the afternoon TCM having students was higher (p <0.01) than in the last session of the morning and afternoon. It can be essential that educational institutions and physical education teachers perform specific actions to increase the TCM at these ages.
Comparative Analysis of Technologies for Quantifying Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Clinical Cerebrospinal Fluids (CSF)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising biomarker platform for glioblastoma patients. However, the optimal method for quantitative assessment of EVs in clinical bio-fluid remains a point of contention. Multiple high-resolution platforms for quantitative EV analysis have emerged, including methods grounded in diffraction measurement of Brownian motion (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), vesicle flow cytometry (VFC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here we compared quantitative EV assessment using cerebrospinal fluids derived from glioblastoma patients using these methods. For EVs <150 nm in diameter, NTA detected more EVs than TRPS in three of the four samples tested. VFC particle counts are consistently 2–3 fold lower than NTA and TRPS, suggesting contribution of protein aggregates or other non-lipid particles to particle count by these platforms. While TEM yield meaningful data in terms of the morphology, its particle count are consistently two orders of magnitude lower relative to counts generated by NTA and TRPS. For larger particles (>150 nm in diameter), NTA consistently detected lower number of EVs relative to TRPS. These results unveil the strength and pitfalls of each quantitative method alone for assessing EVs derived from clinical cerebrospinal fluids and suggest that thoughtful synthesis of multi-platform quantitation will be required to guide meaningful clinical investigations.
RSV infection in prematurely born infants.

I read with interest the article by Broughton et al 1 and wish to offer the following comments. (1) The duration of oxygen therapy (in both table 1 and the text) ranges from 30 to 107 weeks, thus qualifying every baby in the cohort as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Even if this was in days, it would make every baby oxygen dependent 28 days after birth compared with 19% in other studies.2 (2) The rate of BPD in this cohort was 40%, which is much higher than has been reported for babies of similar gestation in recent years.2,3 In view of this high rate of BPD and prolonged oxygen dependency, the studied cohort might have consisted of rather sick infants. (3) Since discharge home …
On psychiatry, epidemiology, and statistics: A view from the 1950s and 1960s

Joel B. Greenhouse Carnegie Mellon University The following two papers are written versions of talks given by my father, Samuel W. Greenhouse. The first paper in the series, entitled On Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Statistics: A View from the 1950’s and 60’s, was presented in 1999 at the Harvard School of Public Health. The second paper, The Growth and Future of Biostatistics (A View from the 1980’s) was the 1982 invited ENAR Presidential address delivered in San Antonio. It is an honor and a privilege to be able to include them as part of this special issue of Statistics in Medicine dedicated to him. Although these talks were not part of the NIH symposium on “Perspectives on the Biostatistical Sciences: A Symposium in Memory of Samuel W. Greenhouse” (June 11, 2001) it seems fitting that in the first NIH biostatistics symposium in which my father did not participate, he is still able to contribute to the proceedings. In the introduction that follows, I provide some background and context for these talks.
Viscoelastic Parameters for Quantifying Liver Fibrosis: Three-Dimensional Multifrequency MR Elastography Study on Thin Liver Rat Slices

Objective To assess in a high-resolution model of thin liver rat slices which viscoelastic parameter at three-dimensional multifrequency MR elastography has the best diagnostic performance for quantifying liver fibrosis. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the ethics committee for animal care of our institution. Eight normal rats and 42 rats with carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis were used in the study. The rats were sacrificed, their livers were resected and three-dimensional MR elastography of 5±2 mm liver slices was performed at 7T with mechanical frequencies of 500, 600 and 700 Hz. The complex shear, storage and loss moduli, and the coefficient of the frequency power law were calculated. At histopathology, fibrosis and inflammation were assessed with METAVIR score, fibrosis was further quantified with morphometry. The diagnostic value of the viscoelastic parameters for assessing fibrosis severity was evaluated with simple and multiple linear regressions, receiver operating characteristic analysis and Obuchowski measures. Results At simple regression, the shear, storage and loss moduli were associated with the severity of fibrosis. At multiple regression, the storage modulus at 600 Hz was the only parameter associated with fibrosis severity (r = 0.86, p<0.0001). This parameter had an Obuchowski measure of 0.89+/−0.03. This measure was significantly larger than that of the loss modulus (0.78+/−0.04, p = 0.028), but not than that of the complex shear modulus (0.88+/−0.03, p = 0.84). Conclusion Our high resolution, three-dimensional multifrequency MR elastography study of thin liver slices shows that the storage modulus is the viscoelastic parameter that has the best association with the severity of liver fibrosis. However, its diagnostic performance does not differ significantly from that of the complex shear modulus.