Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of PAHs in the Halo of NGC 5907

Received ; accepted Abstract. We have used sensitive archival data from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) to make maps of the edge-on low SFR galaxy, NGC 5907, in 6 di erent MIR bands: LW2, LW5, LW6, LW7, LW8, and LW10, covering the spectrum from 6.5 to 15.0 m and including several narrow bands that isolate the infrared aromatic spectral features commonly referred to as PAHs. Most of the MIR emission is dominated by PAHs and it is likely that emission from VSGs contribute only negligibly except in the broad IRAS-equivalent band. The flux ratios are typical of galaxies with low SFRs or quiesent regions within galaxies (e.g M 83) and a very high PAH/continuum ratio is observed. The PAH emission follows the CO distribution and also shows some correlation within the disk with the 850 m distribution. However, the PAH emission also reaches larger galactocentric radii than the CO and other correlations suggest that the PAHs are also more widespread. A significant new discovery is the presence of PAHs in the halo of the galaxy. In the narrow bands that isolate single PAH features, the emission shows structure similar to high latitude features seen in other galaxies in other tracers. The features extend as far as 6.5 kpc from the plane but scale heights of 3.5 kpc are more typical. The 11.3/ 7.7 ratio also appears to increase with distance from the major axis. To our knowledge, this is the first time PAHs have been seen in the halo of an external galaxy. Just as significantly, they are seen in a low SFR galaxy, suggesting that strong SNe and winds are not necessary for these large molecules to reach high latitudes.
An Observationally Generated A Priori Database for Microwave Rainfall Retrievals

Abstract The combination of active and passive microwave sensors on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite have been used to construct observationally constrained databases of precipitation profiles for use in passive microwave rainfall retrieval algorithms over oceans. The method uses a very conservative approach that begins with the operational TRMM precipitation radar algorithm and adjusts its solution only as necessary to simultaneously match the radiometer observations. Where the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) indicates no rain, an optimal estimation procedure using TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) radiances is used to retrieve nonraining parameters. The optimal estimation methodology ensures that the geophysical parameters are fully consistent with the observed radiances. Within raining fields of view, cloud-resolving model outputs are matched to the liquid and frozen hydrometeor profiles retrieved by the TRMM PR. The profiles constructed in this manner are subsequently used to com.
Understanding community in synchronous online learning: do perceptions match behaviours?

ABSTRACT The community of inquiry (CoI) framework is becoming increasingly popular in online learning. The relationships among CoI constructs (cognitive, teaching and social presences) were generally investigated through surveys. However, some methodological challenges were noticed in CoI studies such as the limitations in data diversity or data verification. Hypothesising that learners’ perceptions about CoI constructs may not reflect their actual behaviours, this study matches students’ perceptions and actual behaviours reflecting the CoI constructs in an online learning setting in a synchronous online undergraduate programme. Data from CoI surveys, online discussion records and observations were comparatively discussed. The results indicated that relationships between the behaviours and perceptions about CoI constructs were quite positive and students’ perceptions about CoI constructs almost matches with their actual behaviours. Thus, the study confirmed the power of determining the interactions reflecting CoI constructs in online learning within CoI surveys. It is hoped that the study may shed a light with its contribution in providing some evidence for the question of whether conventional data collection techniques in CoI studies is required to be revisited or not.
Kaingang ethnic territories

Abstract This article presents an overview of Kaingang ethnic territorialization processes in Southern Brazil. Based on historical and ethnographic data, this article analyzes tensions found in the agencyings of territories, emphasizing the resistance of the Kaingang in face of impositions from colonization. The analysis focuses on the different periods of colonial expansion, highlighting the processes of territorial expropriation, conflicts, struggles and negotiations between the Kaingang and different agents of the state. The main objective is to broaden the debates about the importance of the ethnic territories in southern Brazil, based on an appreciation of the perspective of the Kaingang about the processes of territorial confinement and their “retakings” of territories in the past forty years.
Quantitative Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Medicago truncatula Involves Eradication of the Fungus from Roots and Is Associated with Transcriptional Responses Related to Innate Immunity

Resistance mechanisms to Verticillium wilt are well-studied in tomato, cotton, and Arabidopsis, but much less in legume plants. Because legume plants establish nitrogen-fixing symbioses in their roots, resistance to root-attacking pathogens merits particular attention. The interaction between the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium alfalfae and the model legume Medicago truncatula was investigated using a resistant (A17) and a susceptible (F83005.5) line. As shown by histological analyses, colonization by the pathogen was initiated similarly in both lines. Later on, the resistant line A17 eliminated the fungus, whereas the susceptible F83005.5 became heavily colonized. Resistance in line A17 does not involve homologs of the well-characterized tomato Ve1 and V. dahliae Ave1 genes. A transcriptomic study of early root responses during initial colonization (i.e., until 24 h post-inoculation) similarly was performed. Compared to the susceptible line, line A17 displayed already a significantly higher basal expression of defense-related genes prior to inoculation, and responded to infection with up-regulation of only a small number of genes. Although fungal colonization was still low at this stage, the susceptible line F83005.5 exhibited a disorganized response involving a large number of genes from different functional classes. The involvement of distinct phytohormone signaling pathways in resistance as suggested by gene expression patterns was supported by experiments with plant hormone pretreatment before fungal inoculation. Gene co-expression network analysis highlighted five main modules in the resistant line, whereas no structured gene expression was found in the susceptible line. One module was particularly associated to the inoculation response in A17. It contains the majority of differentially expressed genes, genes associated with PAMP perception and hormone signaling, and transcription factors. An in silico analysis showed that a high number of these genes also respond to other soil-borne pathogens in M. truncatula, suggesting a core of transcriptional response to root pathogens. Taken together, the results suggest that resistance in M. truncatula line A17 might be due to innate immunity combining preformed defense and PAMP-triggered defense mechanisms, and putative involvement of abscisic acid.
Bearing-Only Target Tracking Based on Big Bang – Big Crunch Algorithm

Target tracking based on passive sensor data is of great importance in practical applications. In bearing only target tracking, the basic parameters defining the target motion is estimated through noise corrupted measurement data. Depending on the noise characteristics, the search space has many local minima. Obtaining the global minimum -that is the optimal solution - is an active area of research over the past few decades. In this work, a new optimization algorithm, namely Big Bang - Big Crunch algorithm is shown to fit this problem. The results are superior relative to classical genetic algorithm approach both in terms of speed and accuracy.
What is a family? Constructions of family and parenting after a custody transfer from birth parents to foster parents

Child & Family Social Work. 2019;24:9–16. Abstract The subject of stability for children in long‐term foster care is an emerging field within social work with vulnerable children. In Sweden, the adoption of foster children is not a common occurrence. Instead, when a child has been placed in foster care for 3 years, the local social welfare committee will consider whether the custody of the child should be transferred to the foster parents regardless of the circumstances of the birth parents, in order to secure stability and a sense of family belonging. Consequently, custody transfers raise questions such as “who is family? ” and “who is a parent? ” This qualitative interview study with custodians and young people who have experienced custody transfer highlights that who counts as family and as a parent is ambiguous. This article draws attention to how negotiations about family and parenthood revolve around biological, emotional, and relational dimensions. Furthermore, we show that stability for children in care has to be understood in terms of processes over time and not as the result of a single decision of custody transfer. Consequently, social workers need to take several aspects into account when they assess family belonging and stability for children in foster care.
The correlation of factors affecting the endometrial thickness with pregnancy outcome in the IUI cycles

Background: Many studies have been carried out to understand the effect of endometrial thickness on the reproductive outcome while the factors affecting the pattern itself are still unknown. Objective: To determine the factors such as age and the number of follicles that could affect the endometrial thickness Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective study on 680 infertile women considered for intrauterine insemination (IUI). IUI protocol was sequential regimen of clomid and gonadotropin. Endometrial thickness measurement was done on the day of HCG administration. Correlation between endometrial thickness and factors such as age, total follicle numbers, dominant follicle numbers, gonadotropine ampule numbers and pregnancy rate were assessed. Results: The mean endometrial thickness was 7.2±1.8 mm. The endometrium was thinner in older patients compared with younger ones. But in all age ranges pregnancy rate was higher in endometrial thickness 6< ET≤10 mm (p<0.05). Conclusion: We did not find any correlation between age, number of follicles and gonadotropine ampoules with endometrial thickness but in all age ranges, there is a possibility of higher chance of pregnancy in endometrial thickness 6 < ET≤10 mm.
Statistically small effects of the Implicit Association Test can have societally large effects.

Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, and Banaji (2009; GPUB hereafter) reported an average predictive validity correlation of r̄ = . 236 for Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures involving Black-White racial attitudes and stereotypes. Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard, and Tetlock (2013; OMBJT) reported a lower aggregate figure for correlations involving IAT measures (r̄ = .148). The difference between the estimates of the 2 reviews was due mostly to their use of different policies for including effect sizes. GPUB limited their study to findings that assessed theoretically expected attitude-behavior and stereotype-judgment correlations along with others that the authors expected to show positive correlations. OMBJT included a substantial minority of correlations for which there was no theoretical expectation of a predictive relationship. Regardless of inclusion policy, both meta-analyses estimated aggregate correlational effect sizes that were large enough to explain discriminatory impacts that are societally significant either because they can affect many people simultaneously or because they can repeatedly affect single persons.
Design of Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filters With Fixed and Reconfigurable Notch Bands Using Terminated Cross-Shaped Resonators

In this paper, a novel terminated cross-shaped resonator (TCSR) is analyzed and used to design ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filters (BPFs) with fixed and reconfigurable notch bands. It is found that the TCSR can exhibit a maximum three poles and two zeros when open and short terminations are applied. The intrinsic zero is simply used for the implementation of notch bands offering systematic design and flexible tuning capabilities. Bandwidth can also be kept unchanged when tuning a notch within the UWB passband. In contrast to common band-notched UWB BPFs using additional notch resonators, only a single TCSR is required to realize band-notched UWB filters. Three UWB BPF prototypes, including a four-pole filter with 94.7% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and a notch band at 5.8 GHz, a five-pole filter with 111% FBW and dual notch bands at 4.3/9.1 GHz, and a four-pole filter with 82.4% FBW and reconfigurable notch band from 4.6 to 6.5 GHz are designed and experimentally characterized. Their experimental characterizations are in good agreement with theoretical analysis validating a simple approach of band-notched UWB BPF design.
The research framework of eye-tracking based mobile device usability evaluation

Eye-tracking is a valuable tool for mobile device usability research, but there are still many challenges about how to create good usability evaluation, such as the accurate enough eye-movement data from the small view angle on a real mobile device. This paper presents one research framework, which combines the remote eye-tracker and portable eye-tracker for both quantitive and qualitative evaluation. An example is reported in which a mobile device user interface is analyzed in on-screen simulation using a remote eye-tracker, and with the real device using a portable eye-tracker. We get the usability problem lists and design advices at the end. It illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness for the proposed research framework.
Immunodetection of Ostertagia ostertagi in Cattle Milk Samples in Wasit Province

هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تحديد مدى الانت0شار المصلي للاجسام المضادة الخاصة Ostertagia ostertagi في عينات حليب الابقار في محافظة واسط ، باستعمال تقنية الاليزا غير المباشر لأول مرة في العراق . لهذا الغرض ، خضعت لهذه الدراسة بالاجمال 368 بقرة مدرة للحليب ، واظهرت النتائج بأن51 )% 13.86( من الابقار المفحوصة كانت موجبة وكان معدل نسب الكثافة البصرية (ODRs) لقيم اختبار الاليزا في الابقار الموجبة مصليا 0.58 . كذلك ، هدفت هذه الدراسة الى كشف العلاقة بين الابقار الموجبة مصليا وبعض عوامل الخطر الوبائية . من هنا ، كانت النتائج الموجبة ،استنادا الى هذه العوامل، كالتالي: في عامل انتاج الحليب، 6.32% لمجموعة £ 18 لتر/يوم ، و 14.29% لمجموعة £10 – 18 لتر/يوم ، و 25% لمجموعة >10 لتر/ يوم ؛ في عامل العمر ، 13.41% لمجموعة £3 – 6 سنوات ، و 14.75% لمجموعة 25 (بقرة/ قطيع) ، و 17.78% لمجموعة £ 25 (بقرة / قطيع) . احصائيا ، شوهدت الاختلافات المعنوية عند مستوى P£0.05 بين المجاميع التابعة لعوامل انتاج الحليب ، السلالة ، ادارة الحقل ، و حجم القطيع ؛ في حين لم يتم تسجيلها بين مجموعتي عامل العمر .
The effect of gap size on dipole impedance using the induced EMF method

The dipole is the fundamental elemental antenna. Moreover, the electric dipole and its monopole equivalent on a groundplane are widely used in practice. Despite the long history of dipole research, its complete impedance behaviour remains elusive. In numerical techniques, such as the method of moments, a gap voltage feed can be expected to give a well-defined radiation conductance but a susceptance which is dissimilar to that of a realized antenna, whereas an impressed current feed can give a well-defined radiation resistance, but dissimilar reactance. The reason is that neither of these feeds accurately model the input region of a practical dipole. Two analytic approaches to the dipole impedance are available - the wave structure method and the induced EMF method. The wave structure method does not lend itself to feed detail, but reveals the impact of dipole thickness and length on the impedance of dipoles which is not available from any other approach. It is reliable for short lengths but it remains restricted to an infinitesimal feed gap, i.e., different to a practical dipole antenna. The induced EMF method is accurate for short and impracticably thin antennas. Electromagnetic simulation techniques can be used for practical dipole thicknesses, but no theory is available to benchmark the results of the numerical experiments. The feed modeling remains a long standing problem in terms of accurately matching the complete impedance to physical experimental results. To make a theoretical start on the problem, the induced EMF method with finite feed gap is solved here and the impedance of the thin dipole is presented. The effect of feed gap size for the finite length wire, e.g. the dipole antenna, has not been studied before. From the induced EMF method, the lossless, thin dipole with finite gap turns out to have an extremely wide bandwidth when terminated with 50 or 75 ohms, a new and interesting result in antenna theory.
Controlling Heterogeneous Semi-autonomous Rescue Robot Teams

Robot-assisted Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) operations benefit from having multiple robots search an area, especially if doing so does not require additional operators. However, designing a user interface that facilitates a single operator controlling many robots is challenging. In particular, the problems of situation awareness and cognitive load are amplified. This is especially the case when the robots concerned have a large number of degrees of freedom. We present a preliminary design and implementation of a user interface for a team of heterogeneous, potentially autonomous USAR robots with many degrees of freedom for both sequential and parallel operation. It extends our earlier design for a successfully deployed single-robot interface. Our design is inspired by Real-Time Strategy computer games, which must address many similar issues. The design seeks to maximise situational awareness and reduce cognitive load while allowing the operator to monitor and, if necessary, control all of the robots. Our user interface was deployed during the 2006 RoboCup Rescue Robot League where it played an important role in achieving the highest single-run scores in the preliminary rounds of the competition.
Postoperative Intraspinal Subdural Collections after Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor Resection: Incidence, Imaging, and Clinical Features

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Postoperative intraspinal subdural collections in children after posterior fossa tumor resection may temporarily hinder metastasis detection by MR imaging or CSF analysis, potentially impacting therapy. We investigated the incidence, imaging and clinical features, predisposing factors, and time course of these collections after posterior fossa tumor resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of postoperative spine MRI in 243 children (5.5 ± 4.6 years of age) from our clinical data base postresection of posterior fossa tumors from October 1994 to August 2010 yielded 37 (6.0 ± 4.8 years of age) subjects positive for postoperative intraspinal subdural collections. Their extent and signal properties were recorded for postoperative (37/37), preoperative (15/37), and follow-up spine (35/37) MRI. Risk factors were compared with age-matched internal controls (n = 37, 5.9 ± 4.5 years of age). Associations of histology, hydrocephalus and cerebellar tonsillar herniation, and postoperative intracranial subdural collections with postoperative intraspinal subdural collections were assessed by the Fisher exact test or χ2 test. The association between preoperative tumor volume and postoperative intraspinal subdural collections was assessed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: The overall incidence of postoperative intraspinal subdural collections was 37/243 (15.2%), greatest ≤7 days postoperatively (36%); 97% were seen 0–41 days postoperatively (12.9 ± 11.0 days). They were T2 hyperintense and isointense to CSF on T1WI, homogeneously enhanced, and resolved on follow-up MR imaging (35/35). None were symptomatic. They were associated with intracranial subdural collections (P = .0011) and preoperative tonsillar herniation (P = .0228). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative intraspinal subdural collections are infrequent and clinically silent, resolve spontaneously, and have a distinctive appearance. Preoperative tonsillar herniation appears to be a predisposing factor. In this series, repeat MR imaging by 4 weeks documented improvement or resolution of these collections in 88%.
QT variability strongly predicts sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic subjects with mild or moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a prospective study.

AIMS The most widely accepted marker for stratifying the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in post myocardial infarction patients is a depressed left ventricular function. Left ventricular ejection fractions (EF) of 35% or less increase the risk of sudden death but values between 35 and 40% raise concern. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, both associated with increased cardiac repolarization variability. We assessed whether the indices of QT variability from a short-term electrocardiographic (ECG) recording predict sudden death. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 396 subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to post-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, with an EF between 35 and 40% and in NYHA class I, underwent a 5 min ECG recording to calculate the following variables: QT variance (QT(v)), QT normalized for the square of the mean QT (QTVN), and QT variability index (QTVI). Corrected QT (QT(c)) was calculated from a 12-lead ECG recording. All participants were followed for 5 years. A multivariable survival model indicated that a QTVI greater than or equal to the 80th percentile indicated a high risk of SCD [hazards ratio (HR) 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-13.4, P = 0.006] and, though to a lesser extent, a high risk of total mortality (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.9, P = 0.017). The model including QTVI as a continuous variable confirmed a similar high risk for SCD (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.5, P = 0.01) and for total mortality (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.2, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Although asymptomatic patients with CHF who have a slightly depressed EF are at low risk of sudden death, the category is extraordinarily numerous. The QTVI could be helpful in stratifying the risk of sudden death in this otherwise undertreated population.
Deformation and Failure of Graphene Sheet and Graphene-Polymer Interface

With a monolayer honeycomb-lattice of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, graphene has demonstrated exceptional electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. One of its promising applications is to create graphene-polymer nanocomposites with tailored mechanical and physical properties. In general, the mechanical properties of graphene nanofiller as well as graphene-polymer interface govern the overall mechanical performance of graphene-polymer nanocomposites. However, the strengthening and toughening mechanisms in these novel nanocomposites have not been well understood. In this work, the deformation and failure of graphene sheet and graphene-polymer interface were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effect of structural defects on the mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-polymer interface was investigated as well. The results showed that structural defects in graphene (e.g. Stone-Wales defect and multi-vacancy defect) can significantly deteriorate the fracture strength of graphene but may still make full utilization of corresponding strength of graphene and keep the interfacial strength and the overall mechanical performance of graphene-polymer nanocomposites.