Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residues of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Involved in Bacterial Cell Surface Binding

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea worldwide. One major virulence factor released by this pathogen is the heat-labile enterotoxin LT, which upsets the balance of electrolytes in the intestine. After export, LT binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial surface. Although the residues responsible for LT's binding to its host receptor are known, the portion of the toxin which mediates LPS binding has not been defined previously. Here, we describe mutations in LT that impair the binding of the toxin to the external surface of E. coli without altering holotoxin assembly. One mutation in particular, T47A, nearly abrogates surface binding without adversely affecting expression or secretion in ETEC. Interestingly, T47A is able to bind mutant E. coli expressing highly truncated forms of LPS, indicating that LT binding to wild-type LPS may be due primarily to association with an outer core sugar. Consequently, we have identified a region of LT distinct from the pocket involved in eukaryotic receptor binding that is responsible for binding to the surface of E. coli.
Assessing the Effects of Humanoid Robot Features on Patient Emotion during a Medicine Delivery Task

Human perceptions of the “humanness” of robots have been found to be influenced by face, voice and interactivity features. These features have been studied individually in a human robot interaction (HRI) and facial features appear to be strongest in promoting positive human emotions. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of combined humanoid robot features on human emotions during a medicine delivery task. Seven robot prototypes with various combinations of face, voice and interactivity features were developed and classified in terms of levels of humanness. A “Wizard of Oz” experiment was conducted in which 32 subjects received and accepted a simulated bag of medicine from each of the robot prototypes. Both subjective (arousal and valence ratings) and physiological (HR and GSR) measures were collected as indicators of participant emotional states. Results revealed robot configurations with higher levels of humanness promoted positive emotions. Arousal and valence ratings and the HR response had utility for predicting emotions. We also found that additional humanoid features lead to higher GSR ratings, but the trend was not strictly linear with the pre-defined level of robot humanness.
COOL: control-based optimization of load-balancing for thermal behavior

The thermal behavior of on-chip systems is crucial in order to maintain a reliable operation throughout its lifetime. Potential thermal hotspots like, for example, register files are particularly responsible for unreliable behavior and have therefore been the focus of related research. Within this paper we demonstrate that a pro-active thermal strategy is necessary in order to avoid thermal hotspots by performing load balancing -- in regards to the temperature produced by the computational load -- through the means of activity migration. We have found that extremum-seeking control is a powerful way to achieve this goal because of its properties that are tailored to the thermal management problem. Our work deploys a thermal camera that captures the infrared emissions from the silicon wafer of an FPGA chip enabling us to accurately analyze and evaluate the impact of our load-balancing approach with respect to the chip's thermal behavior. The obtained reduction of peak temperature is 9°C and the reduction in thermal spatial variation is from 6°C to 1°C. We additionally apply extremum-seeking control to the register file of a superscalar ASIC microarchitecture. Our results using thermal simulation show on average a 13°C (up to 21°C) reduction of peak temperature in the register file while exhibiting a 49% reduction in thermal spatial variation compared to State-of-the-Art while incurring an average performance penalty of 1.4% but without increasing the area footprint of the register file.
The Path to an Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosis in Ethiopia: Parent Perspective

This study explores the common characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and the available diagnostic and intervention currently practiced for children with ASDs in Ethiopia based on parents’ experience. Data gathered from 100 parents in Ethiopia detail the difficulties families face when they suspect their child has an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The data indicate Ethiopian parents pursued a diagnosis of ASD after noting common ASD behaviors such as hand flapping and unusual attachments to objects. Poor social interactions were the least likely to symptoms to prompt an ASD evaluation. The large majority of parents indicated they were unaware of the services provided to their children and indicated poor parent–agency coordination. Parents noted very limited formal support systems to help cope with the stigma of having a child with ASD. Implication for future research and intervention are discussed.
Les naissances sont retardées mais la fécondité est stable

The number of births in France has been roughly constant since 1976, the year of stabilization at the end of the baby boom. After declining in the early 1990s, it has been increasing since 1995 despite the fall in the number of people of an age to be parents : the first baby boomers now approaching retirement age will have had an average of 2.1 children per woman, but will be replaced by smaller cohorts after 1973 due to the delayed age at childbearing. This delay accounts for the total period fertility rate being stable since 1976 at a lower level, of around 1.8 children per woman; a model in which the fertility of women who are already mothers varies with the age of the last child, and not with the age of the mother, produces an estimate of over 2.0 children per woman, close to the completed cohort fertility. The latter will decline slightly for the post 1956 birth cohorts, and is projected to stabilize at around 2.0 children per woman for the 1970 cohort, due to a slight increase in women who will remain childless. Notwithstanding this increase in childlessness, the distribution of women by number of children has been remarkably stable for twenty-five years : family sizes are very homogeneous since nearly two in five women have exactly two children.
The History of Gay Bathhouses

Summary Public policy regarding bathhouses has been criticized as being based on political expediency rather than on medical or social science. To affect that shortcoming, we include here a brief history of gay bathhouses. The history of the baths is rarely told, but whenever it is told it necessarily reflects the times in which it was written. For that reason, we include a history written in 1984, at the time that much of what was known about AIDS, routes of transmission and the role of the bathhouses was very much in flux. This history not only gives a context for the current discussion, but also allows the reader to see the history from that distant point in time. This paper was first published in December 1984 as an article in Coming Up! , a lesbian and gay community newspaper published monthly in San Francisco (California). It was later edited and reprinted in a book titled Policing Public Sex(1996). The version of the paper presented here is from the original 1984 article (pp. 15-19); several images appeared with the article that are not reproduced here. As with all the reprinted papers in this volume, no editorial changes were made to the paper and only minor typographical errors were corrected.
Is silence golden? Elementary school teachers' strategies and beliefs regarding hypothetical shy/quiet and exuberant/talkative children.

The primary goal of the present study was to examine elementary teachers' strategies, attitudes, and beliefs regarding hypothetical shy (i.e., quiet), exuberant (i.e., overly talkative), and average (i.e., typical) children. We explored whether these strategies and beliefs varied as a function of the gender of the hypothetical child as well as teachers' own shyness. Participants were 275 elementary school teachers (241 women, 34 men) ranging in age from 23 to 64 years (M = 40.97, SD = 10.02). Teachers were presented with vignettes depicting hypothetical children displaying shy/quiet, exuberant/talkative, or average/typical behaviors in the classroom and responded to follow-up questions assessing their strategies and beliefs. Teachers also completed a self-report measure of shyness. Among the results, teachers were more likely to respond to exuberant/talkative children with high-powered and social learning strategies and to employ peer-focused and indirect strategies for shy/quiet children. Teachers also believed that shy/quiet children were less intelligent and would do more poorly academically than would exuberant/talkative children. However, some of these findings were moderated by teachers' own level of shyness. Results are discussed in terms of their educational implications for the social and academic functioning of shy and exuberant children.
Using Children’s Mathematical Knowledge in Instruction

This article describes how knowledge of children’s thinking in mathematics, derived by using a cognitive science research paradigm, was used by a first-grade teacher to make instructional decisions. Children in the classroom learned mathematics to a level that exceeds what is recommended by the NCTM Standards (NCTM, 1989). The study is situated in the Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) project chain of inquiry. We describe the teacher’s knowledge, beliefs, and method for using research-based knowledge of children’s thinking in addition and subtraction in her classroom. We describe her mathematics curriculum, the expectations she had of children, and the way her classroom was structured to enable her to continually assess children’s thinking and knowledge. The article includes statements of the teacher that indicate the importance of the research-based knowledge to her as she taught. The article ends with some speculation about how knowledge of children’s thinking can influence curriculum reform.
Memory in context : context in memory

This book brings together information on the role of context in different forms and aspects of memory. International contributors examine the role of context in facilitating and inhibiting memory performance, which has become a topic of increasing interest and debate in cognitive psychology. The book will be of interest to cognitive psychologists and psychologists, both students and professionals, and to others in related fields interested in memory from an applied or theoretical perspective.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERRATER AND SELF‐OTHER AGREEMENT ON PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWING UPWARD FEEDBACK

This study investigated (a) whether performance improvement following upward feedback is related to self-other rating discrepancies, (b) how self-ratings change after feedback, and (c) whether agreement among raters influences performance improvement. Self-ratings and subordinate ratings were collected from 1,888 managers at 2 points in time 1 year apart. Using polynomial regression equations, we determined that managers who overrated themselves relative to how others rated them tended to improve their performance from 1 year to the next, and underraters tended to decline. This is consistent with what would be predicted by self-consistency theory (Korman, 1976). Self-ratings tended to decrease for overraters and increase for underraters, but this effect was not constant throughout the range of self-ratings. Agreement among subordinate raters was negatively related to performance improvement, but this is likely a reflection of differential regression to the mean.
The Impact of Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems on the First-Line Supervisor

The impact of computer integrated manufacturing on the first-line supervisor position is investigated. Twelve typical activities performed by the first-line supervisor were identified in an extensive review of the literature. Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) is described as it is envisioned and reported at several existing flexible manufacturing systems in this country. The impact of CIM on the twelve first-line supervisor activities is conceptualized, and a forecasted new list of seven activities is developed. The possibility of retraining first-line supervisors for the new technology is discussed.
The Impact of Teacher Education on the Beliefs, Attitudes, and Dispositions of Preservice Special Educators

Multiple challenges face special education teacher educators in preparing highly skilled teachers for today's schools. One area of particular concern is developing in preservice teachers beliefs, attitudes, and dispositions that will enable them to use critical thinking and decision making in their practice. In this paper, we review issues related to changing the attitudes, beliefs, and dispositions of preservice special educators. In particular, we review practices in teacher education in the area of reflective thinking and teaching, coursework, informal interaction with faculty, and field experiences and supervision. Finally, recommendations for teacher education practice and future research needs are explored.
Pseudo-Two-Dimensional Model for Double-Gate Tunnel FETs Considering the Junctions Depletion Regions

This paper presents a pseudo-2-D surface potential model for the double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor (DG-TFET). Analytical expressions are derived for the 2-D potential, electric field, and generation rate, and used to numerically extract the tunneling current. The model predicts the device characteristics for a large range of parameters and allows gaining insight on the device physics. The depletion regions induced inside the source and drain are included in the solution, and we show that these regions become critical when scaling the device length. The fringing field effect from the gates on these regions is also included. The validity of the model is tested for devices scaled to 10-nm length with SiO2 and high-¿ dielectrics by comparison to 2-D finite-element simulations.
Efficacy of donepezil for the treatment of visual and multiple sensory hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies

In this manuscript, we present a case report of a patient suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies who experienced not only visual but also four other sensory hallucinations, which were interdependent and may have influenced the patient's behavior. To the best of our knowledge, based on our search of the literature, this is the first such reported case of dementia with Lewy bodies.In this paper, we review the literature related to drug therapy for dementia with Lewy bodies, and propose, based on our clinical observations, that cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil, should be used as first-line drugs for the treatment and management of psychotic symptoms, including all five sensory hallucinations, in dementia with Lewy bodies.
The myth of the Liberal Professor.

Although social science professors are substantially further "left" politically than members of other professions, the popular stereotype of the liberal professor has many exceptions. Physical and biological scientists, particularly those living outside the South, often identify with the Republican party and support Republican presidential candidates. A majority of professors describe themselves as being to the right of liberalism-a tendency that seems to be increasing-and the professorial life style does not appear to be particularly liberalizing. On campus issues such as academic reform, professors hold strongly to the status quo; further, they rarely become involved in campus protests. On the Vietnam issue, the evidence indicates that professors have not taken a consistent anti-war stand. Finally, the "liberal" inclinations of some professors are largely without substance in that liberals hardly differentiate themselves from conservatives on a variety of issues.
Applying Case-Based Reasoning to Control in Robotics

The paper describes an application of a case-based reasoning system TA3 to a control task in robotics. It diiers from previous methods in its approach to similarity-based retrieval, which allows for greater exibility and for improved accuracy in performance. The proposed architecture is experimentally evaluated on two real world domains and the results are compared to other machine learning algorithms applied to the same problem.
The Extract of Crocus sativus and Its Constituent Safranal, Affect Serum Levels of Endothelin and Total Protein in Sensitized Guinea Pigs

Objective(s): The effect of the extract of Crocus sativus and its constituent, safranal on inflammatory markers in sensitized guinea pigs was examined. Materials and Methods: Ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs were given drinking water alone (group S), or drinking water containing three concentrations of safranal, three concentrations of extract and one concentration of dexamethasone, (n=6, for all groups) and serum levels of endotheline-1 (ET-1) and total protein (TP) were assessed. Results: Serum levels of ET-1 and TP in group S were significantly higher than control group (P<0.01 for ET-1 and P<0.001 TP). Treatment of S animals with dexamethasone, most concentrations of the extract and safranal significantly reduced serum levels of ET-1 and TP compared to group S (P <0.01 to P <0.001). The effects of one concentration of the extract and safranal were significantly higher than dexamethasone (P <0.05 to P <0.01). Conclusion: A preventive effect of the extract of C. sativus and its constituent safranal on serum inflammatory markers in sensitized guinea pigs was shown.
Stroke during Sleep: Epidemiological and Clinical Features

Stroke during sleep is an unexplored area of vascular neurology and its pathogenesis; clinical significance and prevention still remain uncertain. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical patterns of ischemic stroke occurring during sleep. Consecutive patients (n = 1822) with acute ischemic stroke recorded in the Tel Aviv Stroke Register were studied. Stroke during sleep was determined whenever focal neurological deficit was verified to have occurred while the patient had been asleep. The comparisons between patients with stroke during sleep and while awake were performed using the t test with Bonferroni correction and the χ2 test for age, sex, vascular risk factors (i.e. ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, smoking), vascular distribution (carotid versus vertebrobasilar) and severity of stroke (mild, moderate or severe). Data regarding the onset of stroke (during sleep or while awake) were available for 1,671 patients. A minority of strokes occurred during sleep (n = 311, 18.6%), and stroke during sleep was severer (χ2 = 11.9, p < 0.002). No significant differences were found in terms of age, sex and vascular distribution between the two groups. None of the vascular risk factors was found to be more frequent in stroke during sleep. Strokes occurring during sleep were found to be severer than those with onset while awake. However, no specific clinical patterns of risk factor profiles could be identified in these patients. Hemodynamic factors may play an important role in the occurrence of stroke during sleep, and this issue should be further investigated.
EXPECTATIONS, NEEDS AND SEGMENTATION OF HEALTHY BREAKFAST CEREAL CONSUMERS

ABSTRACT Cereal is the number one food choice for half of the American population who consume breakfast. The growing concern about obesity makes the availability of a healthy breakfast cereal (HBC) a key goal to achieve for healthy consumer lifestyles. This study investigated various factors that consumers associate with HBC, including ingredients, health claims, sensory benefits, brand names and pricing, using conjoint analysis. Consumers were motivated to buy HBC if it tastes good, but were not willing to pay more than $2.49 for 14 oz of HBC. Overall, consumers expect HBC to contain high fiber, low fat and sugar, and multigrain ingredients. Consumers were divided into four segments, including the “healthy choosy ” (n = 171), “basic” (n = 109), “sensory thriller” (n = 38) and “static” (n = 49). Descriptions of soy ingredient and soy health claims were rated favorably only by the “healthy choosy” segment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The findings from this research will benefit the healthy breakfast cereal (HBC) manufacturers when developing or improving their products. Manufacturers should not ignore basic ingredients such as fiber, sugar and fat. Although 47% of the respondents were classified as “healthy choosy,” new or improved products should be introduced at a higher level of consumer acceptance without outrageous pricing to encourage respondents from “basic” and “sensory thriller” segments to switch to HBC. In particular, soy-based HBC elements were not received well by the respondents in the “sensory thriller” segment, signaling a need to improve the consumer acceptance of soy-based HBC with improved product and marketing. By selecting respondents from the study, we will be able to conduct a qualitative study to reveal the underlying factors for their choice of HBC.
Beschränkungen für Binomialbildung im Deutschen. Ein Beitrag zur Interaktion von Phraseologie und Grammatik

This paper addresses the constraints that govern binomial (Paarformel) formation in German (as in fix und fertig, Kind und Kegel). It is shown that the most striking property of binomials, their striking irreversibility, follows without construction-specific assumptions, from the interaction of three classes of constraints that are all independently motivated in the grammar of German : (a) semantic/pragmatic salience constraints ; (b) phonological constraints on stress assignment in monomorphemes ; and (c) phonological constraints on syllable concatenation. It is argued that these highly general constraints may impose conflicting requirements on binomial candidates, and that these conflicts are resolved in an optimality-theoretic manner : The constraints are violable and ranked
Coaches’ Perspectives of a Negative Informal Role: The ‘Cancer’ within Sport Teams

Roles are the pattern of behaviors expected of individuals in a given social situation. The general purpose of the present study was to gain an understanding of the negative informal role of the cancer (i.e., an athlete who expresses negative emotions that spread destructively throughout a team) within sport groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Canadian intercollegiate coaches to determine perceptions of the characteristics, emergence, consequences, and management of the cancer. Verification interviews supported the classification and interpretation of information obtained from the initial data collection. The responses from the coaches demonstrate the importance of the cancer in relation to group functioning and contribute to our understanding theoretically and also in relation to practice.