Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial sound localization in an augmented reality environment

Augmented Reality (AR), the overlay of virtual images onto the real world, is an increasingly popular technique for developing new human-computer interfaces. As human navigation and orientation in different environments depend on both visual and auditory information, sound plays a very important role in AR applications. In this paper we explore users' capability to localize a spatial sound (registered with a virtual object) in an AR environment, under different spatial configurations of the virtual scene. The results not only confirm several previous findings on sound localization, but also point out some important new visual-audio cues which should be taken into consideration for effective localization and orientation in AR environment. Finally, this paper provides tentative guidelines for adding spatial sound to AR environments.
Tie Strength and Time: Mourning on Social Networking Sites

Through the use of survey analysis (N =157), this research seeks to assess the perceived supportive value of Facebook during times of grief. By analyzing the relationship(s) between Facebook use, time that had passed since death, and relational closeness to the deceased, the results of this study showcase the complicated relationship users have with Facebook, wherein it is perceived as both helpful and harmful when mourning the death of a friend.
Original Articles Design and Methods Protein Expression Analysis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Defines the Effect of Genetic Aberrations and Uncovers a Correlation of Cdk4, P27 and P53 with Hierarchical Risk

Acknowledgments: the AT cell lines AO and ER were kindly provided by Drs. AMR Taylor and T Stankovic. We thank Christina Galler and Natalie Kinzer for excellent technical assistance. We would also like to acknowledge Nupur Bhattacharya and Susanne Stöhr for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a variable clinical course. Genomic aberrations identify prognostic subgroups, pointing towards distinct underlying biological mechanisms that are poorly understood. In particular it remains unclear whether the prognostic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are characterized by different levels of leukemogenic proteins. Expression of 23 proteins involved in apoptosis, proliferation, DNA damage, and signaling or whose genes map to chromosomal regions known to be critical in chronic lymphocytic leukemia was quantified in 185 cytogenetically well characterized cases of chronic lymphocyt-ic leukemia using immunoblotting. Cases were categorized hierarchically into deletion(17p), deletion(11q), trisomy 12, deletion(13q) as sole abnormality or normal karyotype. Statistical analysis was performed for expression differences between these subgroups. In addition, the expression levels of CDK4, P27 and P53 were quantified over the clinical course and compared to levels in immunopurified B cells from healthy individuals. Results In subgroups with a good prognosis, differential expression was mainly seen for proteins that regulate apoptosis. In contrast, in cytogenetic subgroups with a worse prognosis, differential expression was mostly detected for proteins that control DNA damage and proliferation. Expression levels of CDK4, P27 and P53 were higher compared to those in B cells from healthy individuals and significantly correlated with increasing hierarchical risk. In addition, no significant longitudinal changes of expression levels of CDK4, P27 and P53 could be detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Conclusions Differences in expression levels of apoptosis-and proliferation-controlling proteins define distinct prognostic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and uncover a correlation of levels of CDK4, P27 and P53 proteins with higher hierarchical risk. expression analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia defines the effect of genetic aberrations and uncovers a correlation of CDK4, P27 and P53 with hierarchical risk. ABSTRACT 1880
A Peroxygenase from Chaetomium globosum Catalyzes the Selective Oxygenation of Testosterone

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPO, EC 1.11.2.1) secreted by fungi open an efficient way to selectively oxyfunctionalize diverse organic substrates, including less‐activated hydrocarbons, by transferring peroxide‐borne oxygen. We investigated a cell‐free approach to incorporate epoxy and hydroxyl functionalities directly into the bulky molecule testosterone by a novel unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) that is produced by the ascomycetous fungus Chaetomium globosum in a complex medium rich in carbon and nitrogen. Purification by fast protein liquid chromatography revealed two enzyme fractions with the same molecular mass (36 kDa) and with specific activity of 4.4 to 12 U mg−1. Although the well‐known UPOs of Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) and Marasmius rotula (MroUPO) failed to convert testosterone in a comparative study, the UPO of C. globosum (CglUPO) accepted testosterone as substrate and converted it with total turnover number (TTN) of up to 7000 into two oxygenated products: the 4,5‐epoxide of testosterone in β‐configuration and 16α‐hydroxytestosterone. The reaction performed on a 100 mg scale resulted in the formation of about 90 % of the epoxide and 10 % of the hydroxylation product, both of which could be isolated with purities above 96 %. Thus, CglUPO is a promising biocatalyst for the oxyfunctionalization of bulky steroids and it will be a useful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant steroidal molecules.
Isospin breaking corrections to low-energy pi - K scattering

We evaluate the matrix elements for the processes pi^0 K^0 -> pi^0 K^0 and pi^- K^+ -> pi^0 K^0 in the presence of isospin breaking terms at leading and next-to-leading order. As a direct application the releveant combination of the S-wave scattering lengths involved in the pion-kaon atom lifetime is determined. We discuss the sensitivity of the results with respect to the input parameters.
How Do I Love Thee? Adult Attachment and Reinforcement Sensitivity

This thesis aimed to examine the nature of the relations between individual differences in adult attachment patterns and the sensitivity of motivational systems – the Behavioural Approach System (BAS), the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS), and the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) – proposed by the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST). In Study 1, psychology undergraduates (N=225) completed self-reported measures of adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivity. Both attachment dimensions were significantly related to BIS sensitivity, which suggests that sensitivity to motivational ambivalence is a central feature of attachment insecurity. In Study 2, psychology undergraduates (N=200) experienced virtual separation and reunion scenarios with a ‘virtual spouse,’ and subsequently completed adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivity questionnaires. Adult attachment, but not reinforcement sensitivity, were predictive of behavioural and emotional responses to separation and reunion. This suggests that adult attachment has unique predictive power to dyadic behaviour. Finally, Study 3 (N=63) examined the links between self-reported adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivity and neurobiological markers of approach and avoidance motivation (8 minutes of resting EEG). Neither adult attachment nor reinforcement sensitivity exhibited robust associations with the resting EEG indices. This may reflect the construct heterogeneity of the attachment dimensions and reinforcement sensitivity, such that they do not neatly map onto neural correlates of approach and avoidance. Together, the studies reported in this thesis suggest modest overlaps between individual differences in adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivities at the self-report level, but the two domains are largely independent in relation to attachment behaviour and neural correlates of approach-avoidance.
GARCH MODELS OF DYNAMIC VOLATILITY AND CORRELATION

Economic and financial time series typically exhibit time varying conditional (given the past) standard deviations and correlations. The conditional standard deviation is also called the volatility. Higher volatilities increase the risk of assets, and higher conditional correlations cause an increased risk in portfolios. Therefore, models of time varying volatilities and correlations are essential for risk management. GARCH (Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedastic) processes are dynamic models of conditional standard deviations and correlations. This tutorial begins with univariate GARCH models of conditional variance, including univariate APARCH (Asymmetric Power ARCH) models that feature the leverage effect often seen in asset returns. The leverage effect is the tendency of negative returns to increase the conditional variance more than do positive returns of the same magnitude. Multivariate GARCH models potentially suffer from the curse of dimensionality, because there are d(d + 1)/2 variances and covariances for a d-dimensional process, but most multivariate GARCH models reduce the dimensionality in some way. A number of multivariate GARCH models are reviewed: the EWMA model, the diagonal VEC model, the dynamic conditional correlations model, orthogonal GARCH, and the dynamic orthogonal components model. In a case study, the dynamic orthogonal components model was found to provide the best fit.
What Is Fair? Experimental Evidence

There has been growing interest within the economics discipline in the role of equity concerns in the distribution of resources. This paper presents empirical evidence from controlled laboratory experiments where third-party decision makers allocate resources between two individuals. The experimental results indicate that subjects view a wide range of different allocations as the fair distribution of resources. However, regression analysis indicates that both treatment effects and a few demographic variables explain some of this variation in fairness concepts. Most significantly, decision makers rewarded subjects who earned their favorable positions, and the gender of the decision maker was an important predictor of the allocation chosen.
Art Beyond Art’s Sake: The Influence of Artistic Cues on Prosocial Choice

In this study, we examined whether exposure to art can promote an abstract mindset. Specifically, based on construal level theory, we tested the relationship between artistic cues and an abstract mindset, and how this mindset could in turn impact prosocial choice. Experiment 1 (N = 54) revealed that artistic cues lead participants to consider more abstract features than concrete features. In Experiment 2 (N = 83), it was shown that the effect of artistic cues on an abstract mindset is mediated by psychological distance. In addition, this abstract mindset was shown to mediate the link between artistic cues and prosocial choice. The findings of this study highlight the mechanisms that extend the effects of art beyond preference to choice and thought.
Taking Antonymy Mask off in Vector Space

Automatic detection of antonymy is an important task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Information Retrieval (IR), Ontology Learning (OL) and many other semantic applications. However, current unsupervised approaches to antonymy detection are still not fully effective because they cannot discriminate antonyms from synonyms. In this paper, we introduce APAnt, a new AveragePrecision-based measure for the unsupervised discrimination of antonymy from synonymy using Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs). APAnt makes use of Average Precision to estimate the extent and salience of the intersection among the most descriptive contexts of two target words. Evaluation shows that the proposed method is able to distinguish antonyms and synonyms with high accuracy across different parts of speech, including nouns, adjectives and verbs. APAnt outperforms the vector cosine and a baseline model implementing the cooccurrence hypothesis.
Productivity and the ('Synthetic') Euro-Dollar Exchange Rate

This paper analyses the impact of productivity developments in the United States and the euro area on the euro-dollar exchange rate. The paper presents a new measure of relative average labour productivity (ALP), which does not suffer from the biases implicit in readily available relative ALP data. Importantly, the patterns of these series differ widely. Employing the Johansen cointegration framework, four Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate models are estimated using four different productivity proxies. Our results indicate that the extent to which productivity can explain the euro depreciation varies with the productivity proxy used: readily available measures explain most, our new, preferred measure least. If foreign exchange traders used the former to assess productivity developments, this might thus have contributed to the weakness of the euro in 2000/2001. In all models, however, productivity can explain only a fraction of the actual euro depreciation experienced in 1999/2000. JEL Classification: F31, C32, O47
The effect of clouds in a galactic wind on the evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies

Context. Gas-rich dwarf galaxies are probably the closest counterparts to primeval objects we can find in the local Universe, therefore it is interesting to study their evolution in different astrophysical contexts. Aims. We study the effects of interstellar clouds on the dynamical and chemical evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies. In particular, we focus on two model galaxies similar to IZw18 and NGC 1569 in comparison to models in which a smooth initial distribution of gas is assumed. Methods. We use a 2D hydrodynamical code coupled with a series of routines able to trace the chemical products of SNeII, SNeIa and intermediate-mass stars. Clouds are simulated by adding overdense regions in the computational grid, whose locations are chosen randomly and whose density profiles match observed ones. We consider both cloud complexes put at the beginning of the simulation and a mechanism for continuous cloud formation. The clouds are inherently dynamically coupled to the diffuse gas, and they experience heat conduction from a hot surrounding gas. Results. Due to dynamical processes and thermal evaporation, the clouds survive only a few tens of Myr. Due to the additional cooling agent, the internal energy of cloudy models is typically reduced by 20−40% compared with models of diffuse gas alone. The clouds delay the development of large-scale outflows by mass loading, therefore helping to retain a larger amount of gas inside the galaxy. However, especially in models with continuous creation of infalling clouds, their bullet effect can pierce the expanding supershell and create holes through which the superbubble can vent freshly produced metals. Moreover, assuming a pristine chemical composition for the clouds, their interaction with the superbubble dilutes the gas, reducing the metallicity. The resulting final metallicity is therefore generally lower (by ∼0.2−0.4 dex) than the one attained by diffuse models.
Intra-Firm Trade and Product Contractibility (Long Version)

This paper examines the determinants of intra-firm trade in U.S. imports using detailed countryproductdata. We create a new measure of product contractibility based on the degree ofintermediation in international trade for the product. We find important roles for the interaction ofcountry and product characteristics in determining intra-firm trade shares. Intra-firm trade is high forproducts with low levels of contractability sourced from countries with weak governance, for skillintensiveproducts from skill-scarce countries, and for capital-intensive products from capitalabundantcountries.
The evolution of helium white dwarfs: II. Thermal instabilities

We calculated a grid of evolutionary models for white dwarfs with helium cores (He-WDs) and investigated the occurrence of hydrogen-shell flashes due to unstable hydrogen burning via CNO cycling. Our calculations show that such thermal instabilities are restricted to a certain mass range (M=0.21.0.30Msun), consistent with earlier studies. Models within this mass range undergo the more hydrogen shell flashes the less massive they are. This is caused by the strong dependence of the envelope mass on the white dwarf core mass. The maximum luminosities from hydrogen burning during the flashes are of the order of 10^5 Lsun. Because of the development of a pulse-driven convection zone whose upper boundary temporarily reaches the surface layers, the envelope's hydrogen content decreases by Delta(X)=0.06 per flash. Our study further shows that an additional high mass-loss episode during a flash-driven Roche lobe overflow to the white dwarf's companion does not affect the final cooling behaviour of the models. Independent of hydrogen shell flashes the evolution along the final white dwarf cooling branch is determined by hydrogen burning via pp-reactions down to effective temperatures as low as 8000 K.
Lesion‐dependent regulation of transgene expression in the rat brain using a human glial fibrillary acidic protein‐lentiviral vector

The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. The most commonly used systems are based on a transactivator in combination with a drug, e.g. the tetracycline‐regulated system. Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. We constructed a lentiviral vector that directs transgene expression to astrocytes. Using toxin‐induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing cells. The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. This finding will lead to the development of lentiviral vectors with autoregulatory capacities that may be very useful for gene therapy to the brain.
Design and performance analysis of a growable multicast ATM switch

In this paper, we design and analyze a growable multicast ATM switch. It can grow to a large size since both cell routing and contention resolution are designed to distribute over the switch elements, and the switch structure is modular. The output ports are partitioned into groups to permit sharing of routing paths. The concept of group routing helps reduce an order of magnitude of switch elements. A two-stage switch architecture is described to illustrate our design principle. The switch can be easily expanded to a larger size by using more stages. The performance analysis of the switch in terms of cell loss rate, cell delay, mean queue length, mean waiting time, and throughput is conducted using the M/Geom/1 model. Experimental results show that the proposed ATM switch not only meets the ATM performance requirements either for unicasting or multicasting but also uses fewer switch elements and has less delay than other comparable switches.
Curvaton scenarios with inflaton decays into curvatons

We consider the possible decay of the inflaton into curvaton particles during reheating and analyze its effect on curvaton scenarios. Typical decay curvatons are initially relativistic then become nonrelativistic, changing the background history of the Universe. We show that this change to the background is the only way in which observational predictions of the scenario are modified. Moreover, once the required amplitude of perturbations is fixed by observation there are no signatures of such decays in other cosmological observables. The decay curvatons can prevent the Universe from becoming dominated by the curvaton condensate, making it impossible to match observations in parts of parameter space. This constrains the branching ratio of the inflaton to curvaton to be less than of order 0.1 typically. If the branching ratio is below about 10−4 it has negligible impact on the model parameter space and can be ignored.
Digital Social Media Detox (DSMD): Responding to a Culture of Interconnectivity

This chapter presents the findings of an empirical, qualitative, one-day intervention, in which 25 college students were invited to leave all digital technology at home and participate in ten hours of face-toface communication. The project involved alternative activities providing an opportunity for students to socialize and interact without the distraction of digital technology, while affording the investigators an opportunity to observe patterns of social behavior and communication. Those findings are offered to illuminate the potential effects of overuse of digital social media, the pedagogical challenges in a contemporary educational environment, and the social problems we face as a result. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2851-9.ch020
Does all coaching enhance objective performance independently evaluated by blind assessors? The importance of the coaching model and content

Objectives:Despite increasing evidence supportive of the effectiveness of coaching there are no studies which demonstrate that the benefits flow on to improvements in objective performance as assessed by evaluators blind to participation in the coaching. This study examined the efficacy of two coaching programmes on independently assessed performance.Design:A double-blind random control trial in which participants were randomly allocated to either a Preparation, Action, Adaptive Learning (PAAL), or a self-regulation co-coaching programme with blind assessment of subsequent academic performance. A third no-treatment condition was used for additional comparison and control of expectancy effects.Methods:Two structurally identical seven-week co-coaching programmes were run. The Self-regulation condition focused on the development of study and coping skills, whilst the PAAL condition additionally focused on preparation for change and adaptive learning. Fifty-two volunteer first-year university students were randomly assigned to either a PAAL (N=27) or Self-regulation (N=25) co-coaching programme. Participants completed self-report pre- and post-measures of academic self-efficacy, decisional balance, resilience, hope, self-compassion and belief in the incremental theory of change. Academic results for the two coaching conditions were compared with 2103 first-year students who did not participate in the programme.Results:Participants in both coaching conditions reported significant improvements in self-efficacy and resilience, but only those in the PAAL condition experienced significant increases in decisional balance, hope, self-compassion and belief in the incremental theory of change. Participants in the PAAL condition experienced significantly greater increases in six of the seven dependent variables than participants in the Self-regulation condition. Relative to the no treatment control group, PAAL participants performed 10 per cent better in independently assessed academic performance (71.45 per cent vs. 61.59 per cent) (p=.0003, d=.61), however, those in the Self-regulation coaching condition only performed two per cent better (63.32 per cent vs. 61.59 per cent) (p=.604, d=.11). Across all the dependent variables the average effect size for the PAAL condition was d=. 93, while the Self-regulation condition averaged d=. 43.Conclusion:Both co-coaching conditions produced significant increases in self-efficacy and resilience, however, only those in the PAAL condition performed significantly better on decisional balance, hope, self-compassion, the incremental theory of change, and independently assessed academic performance. To ensure generalisation, future evaluation studies of coaching should seek to also evaluate variables which are theoretically related to the change process as well as independently assessed objective changes in performance.