Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Parents' Community Connections for Adolescent Well‐being: An Examination of Military Families

Drawing from the Social Organization Theory of Action and Change (SOAC), this analysis of 223 military families, including active duty (AD) military and civilian partners, examines how parents' sense of community and community engagement (two elements of community connections) are associated with their own resilient coping, and ultimately with important outcomes capturing their adolescent offspring's individual well-being (depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy) and family well-being (family functioning and parenting quality). The roles of child gender and military context were also examined. Parents with stronger community connections, including greater sense of community and community engagement, reported more resilient coping when faced with adversity. The resilient coping of mothers, in turn, was particularly significant for more positive youth outcomes, when compared to that of fathers. While gender and military context were associated with individual and family well-being, analyses of model invariance indicated that the model fit similarly for male and female adolescents and those experiencing high and low levels of military transitions. Indirect effects were also examined. These findings illuminate malleable dimensions of both community life and family life, primarily showing that community contexts matter for multiple family members.
Stationary Graph Processes and Spectral Estimation

Stationarity is a cornerstone property that facilitates the analysis and processing of random signals in the time domain. Although time-varying signals are abundant in nature, in many practical scenarios, the information of interest resides in more irregular graph domains. This lack of regularity hampers the generalization of the classical notion of stationarity to graph signals. This paper proposes a definition of weak stationarity for random graph signals that takes into account the structure of the graph where the random process takes place, while inheriting many of the meaningful properties of the classical time domain definition. Provided that the topology of the graph can be described by a normal matrix, stationary graph processes can be modeled as the output of a linear graph filter applied to a white input. This is shown equivalent to requiring the correlation matrix to be diagonalized by the graph Fourier transform; a fact that is leveraged to define a notion of power spectral density (PSD). Properties of the graph PSD are analyzed and a number of methods for its estimation are proposed. This includes generalizations of nonparametric approaches such as periodograms, window-based average periodograms, and filter banks, as well as parametric approaches, using moving-average, autoregressive, and ARMA processes. Graph stationarity and graph PSD estimation are investigated numerically for synthetic and real-world graph signals.
Stochastic Video Generation with a Learned Prior

Generating video frames that accurately predict future world states is challenging. Existing approaches either fail to capture the full distribution of outcomes, or yield blurry generations, or both. In this paper we introduce an unsupervised video generation model that learns a prior model of uncertainty in a given environment. Video frames are generated by drawing samples from this prior and combining them with a deterministic estimate of the future frame. The approach is simple and easily trained end-to-end on a variety of datasets. Sample generations are both varied and sharp, even many frames into the future, and compare favorably to those from existing approaches.
White Matter Microstructural Damage on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Clinical Consequences

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major health problem for its contribution to ≈45% of dementias, and about a fifth of all strokes worldwide, representing one of the most important causes of disabilities.1 The term SVD refers to a group of pathological processes with various etiologies that affect the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain. The most common forms are age- and hypertension-related SVD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). 2 Vessel wall changes may lead to both ischemic and hemorrhagic consequences: (1) a state of chronic hypoperfusion or vascular dysfunction responsible for incomplete infarction,3,4 (2) acute focal necrosis (lacunar infarct), or (3) vessel rupture manifesting as hemorrhagic SVD. The clinical consequences of SVD are various and mainly consist of cognitive, mood, and motor dysfunctions leading to functional disability in the late stages of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become crucial in the diagnosis of SVD enabling the evaluation of the disease progression both in the clinical and research settings. However, correlations between clinical features of SVD and conventional MRI measures have been partially discordant. Some authors suggested that the cumulative effect of SVD lesions, rather than the individual lesions themselves determines the clinical impact,5 whereas others suggested that the presence and severity of alterations nonvisible on conventional MRI might also be an explanation.6 In the past decade, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been increasingly used for the evaluation of SVD patients because it is sensitive to tissue damage and can show abnormalities in both areas of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and in normal appearing WM (NAWM). Despite the high sensitivity in detecting cerebral damage, DTI has a low specificity in detecting the underlying cause. In fact, we can only infer that DTI changes reflect a loss of WM …
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in the Severely Burned Patient

Scant data exist regarding patient outcome after treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) with decompressive laparotomy. This work reviews the outcome of 25 burn patients at a single institution who underwent decompressive laparotomy for treatment of ACS in the periresuscitation period. A computerized burn registry and directed chart review were used for data collection and analysis in this retrospective review. From September 1996, 25 patients underwent decompressive laparotomy after developing ACS. Mean burn size was 65 ± 19% TBSA. Mean age was 28 ± 19 years. Twenty-two (88%) died. Myo/ hemoglobinuria was present at admission in eight patients, one of whom survived. Fourteen patients had inhalation injury, of whom two survived. Before decompressive laparotomy, mean bladder pressure and peak inspiratory pressure were 57 ± 4.2 mm Hg and 41 ± 2.2 mm Hg, respectively. Mean urine output improved from 28 ml/hr to 90 ml/hr after decompressive laparotomy. The mean Ivy score was 443 ± 34.95 ml/kg. Development of ACS in burn patients is associated with a high mortality. With development of IAH, therapeutic maneuvers such as sedation and paralysis, escharotomies, or changes in fluid management can be performed in hopes of altering the evolution of intra-abdominal hypertension to ACS. In patients with >40% TBSA burns, bladder pressures should initially be measured every 6 hours. When the Ivy score reaches 200 ml/kg, measure bladder pressures hourly. Decompressive laparotomies should be performed in all patients with ACS if less-invasive maneuvers fail.
Healing of Mid-Dermal Burns in a Diabetic Porcine Model

Wound healing is delayed in diabetic patients. We developed a diabetic-porcine burn model and compared the healing of partial-thickness burns in normal and diabetic pigs. We hypothesized that wound healing would be delayed in the diabetic swine. Diabetes mellitus was chemically induced in three domestic pigs (25–50 kg) by intravenous injection of streptozotocin 130 mg/kg over 30 minutes. Glucose levels were maintained between 250 and 500 mg/dl by injecting short-acting or long-acting insulin 1 unit/kg daily as needed. Three weeks later, 14 partial-thickness burns were created on the backs and flanks of each of the anesthetized pigs with a 2.5 × 2.5-cm aluminum bar preheated to 80°C and applied for 20 seconds. A similar number of burns were created on three control nondiabetic pigs. The burns were treated with a topical antibiotic, and 3-mm full-thickness biopsies were taken from all wounds at 7, 10, 14, and 21 days for histomorphologic evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin staining by a board-certified dermatopathologist masked to the type of pig. The main outcome was the percentage of the wound in cross section that was reepithelialized. Comparison of outcomes between normal and diabetic pigs was performed with Student’s t-tests. The diabetic pigs gained less weight, and their skin was considerably thinner than in the control pigs. Although the absolute depth of the burns was similar, the relative depth was greater in the diabetic pigs. The percentage of wound reepithelialization was lower in diabetic than in normal pigs at 7 days (1.8% [95% CI: 0–5.5] vs 65.0% [95% CI: 54.2–75.9]; P < .001) as well as at 10 days (19.2% [95% CI: 6.0–32.4] vs 76.9% [95% CI: 59.8–94.0]; P < .001) and 14 days (43.9% [95% CI: 30.4–57.4] vs 99.9% [95% CI: 92.6–100]; P < .001). All burns were completely reepithelialized at 21 days, and none of the wounds were infected. Reepithelialization of partial-thickness burns is delayed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs when compared with normal pigs. It is unclear whether the delay in healing is due to the thinner skin or the metabolic consequences of diabetes or their combination.
Effector-attenuating Substitutions That Maintain Antibody Stability and Reduce Toxicity in Mice*

The antibody Fc region regulates antibody cytotoxic activities and serum half-life. In a therapeutic context, however, the cytotoxic effector function of an antibody is often not desirable and can create safety liabilities by activating native host immune defenses against cells expressing the receptor antigens. Several amino acid changes in the Fc region have been reported to silence or reduce the effector function of antibodies. These earlier studies focused primarily on the interaction of human antibodies with human Fc-γ receptors, and it remains largely unknown how such changes to Fc might translate to the context of a murine antibody. We demonstrate that the commonly used N297G (NG) and D265A, N297G (DANG) variants that are efficacious in attenuating effector function in primates retain potent complement activation capacity in mice, leading to safety liabilities in murine studies. In contrast, we found an L234A, L235A, P329G (LALA-PG) variant that eliminates complement binding and fixation as well as Fc-γ-dependent, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxity in both murine IgG2a and human IgG1. These LALA-PG substitutions allow a more accurate translation of results generated with an “effectorless” antibody between mice and primates. Further, we show that both human and murine antibodies containing the LALA-PG variant have typical pharmacokinetics in rodents and retain thermostability, enabling efficient knobs-into-holes bispecific antibody production and a robust path to generating highly effector-attenuated bispecific antibodies for preclinical studies.
Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis Reduces Neutrophil Infiltration and Necrosis in Partial-Thickness Scald Burns in Mice

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), present in thermally injured tissue, modulates the inflammatory response and causes significant tissue damage. The authors hypothesize that neutrophil infiltration and ensuing tissue necrosis would be mitigated by removing ATP-dependent signaling at the burn site. Mice were subjected to 30% TBSA partial-thickness scald burn by dorsal skin immersion in a water bath at 60 or 20°C (nonburn controls). In the treatment arm, an ATP hydrolyzing enzyme, apyrase, was applied directly to the site immediately after injury. Skin was harvested after 24 hours and 5 days for hematoxylin and eosin stain, elastase, and Ki-67 staining. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr; and interferon (IFN)-&bgr; expression were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. At 24 hours, the amount of neutrophil infiltration was different between the burn and burn + apyrase groups (P < .001). Necrosis was less extensive in the apyrase group when compared with the burn group at 24 hours and 5 days. TNF-&agr; and IFN-&bgr; expression at 24 hours in the apyrase group was lower than in the burn group (P < .05). However, Ki-67 signaling was not significantly different among the groups. The results of this study support the role of extracellular ATP in neutrophil activity. The authors demonstrate that ATP hydrolysis at the burn site allays the neutrophil response to thermal injury and reduces tissue necrosis. This decrease in inflammation and tissue necrosis is at least partially because of TNF-&agr; and IFN-&bgr; signaling. Apyrase could be used as topical inflammatory regulators to quell the injury caused by inflammation.
Age, Sex, Health Insurance, and Race Associated With Increased Rate of Emergent Pediatric Gastrointestinal Procedures

Objectives: Few studies have examined the role health disparities play in pediatric gastrointestinal (GI) procedures. We hypothesized that health disparity factors affect whether patients undergo an emergent versus nonemergent GI procedure. The aims were to characterize the existing pediatric population undergoing GI procedures at our institution and assess specific risk factors associated with emergent versus nonemergent care. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2110 patients undergoing GI procedures from January 2012 to December 2014. Emergent procedures were performed on an urgent inpatient basis. All other procedures were considered nonemergent. Health disparity factors analyzed included age, sex, insurance type, race, and language. Logistic regression analysis identified the odds of undergoing emergent procedures for each factor. Results: Most study patients were boys (58.2%), primarily insured by Medicaid (63.8%), white (44.0%), and spoke English (91.7%). Ten percent of all patients had an emergent procedure. Logistic regression analysis showed significant odds ratios (P value) for ages 18 years older (2.16, 0.003), females (0.62, 0.001), commercial insurance users (0.49, <0.0001), African Americans (1.94, <0.0001), and other race (1.72, 0.039). Conclusions: Health disparities in age, sex, insurance, and race appear to exist in this pediatric population undergoing GI procedures. Patients older than 18 years, African Americans, and other races were significantly more likely to have an emergent procedure. Girls and commercial insurance users were significantly less likely to have an emergent procedure. More research is necessary to understand why these relations exist and how to establish appropriate interventions.
DTMiner: identification of potential disease targets through biomedical literature mining

Motivation: Biomedical researchers often search through massive catalogues of literature to look for potential relationships between genes and diseases. Given the rapid growth of biomedical literature, automatic relation extraction, a crucial technology in biomedical literature mining, has shown great potential to support research of gene-related diseases. Existing work in this field has produced datasets that are limited both in scale and accuracy. Results: In this study, we propose a reliable and efficient framework that takes large biomedical literature repositories as inputs, identifies credible relationships between diseases and genes, and presents possible genes related to a given disease and possible diseases related to a given gene. The framework incorporates name entity recognition (NER), which identifies occurrences of genes and diseases in texts, association detection whereby we extract and evaluate features from gene–disease pairs, and ranking algorithms that estimate how closely the pairs are related. The F1-score of the NER phase is 0.87, which is higher than existing studies. The association detection phase takes drastically less time than previous work while maintaining a comparable F1-score of 0.86. The end-to-end result achieves a 0.259 F1-score for the top 50 genes associated with a disease, which performs better than previous work. In addition, we released a web service for public use of the dataset. Availability and Implementation: The implementation of the proposed algorithms is publicly available at http://gdr-web.rwebox. com/public_html/index.php? page=download.php. The web service is available at http://gdr-web.rwebox. com/public_html/index.php. Contact: jenny.wei@astrazeneca.com or kzhu@cs.sjtu. edu.cn Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysis of Transient Heat Conduction in 3D Anisotropic Functionally Graded Solids, by the MLPG Method

A meshless method based on the local Petrov-Galerkin approach is proposed for the solution of steady-state and transient heat conduction problems in a continuously non- homogeneous anisotropic medium. The Laplace transform is used to treat the time dependence of the variables for transient problems. The an- alyzed domain is covered by small subdomains with a simple geometry. A weak formulation for the set of governing equations is transformed into local integral equations on local subdomains by using a unit test function. Nodal points are ran- domly distributed in the 3D analyzed domain and each node is surrounded by a spherical subdo- main to which a local integral equation is applied. The meshless approximation based on the Mov- ing Least-Squares (MLS) method is employed for the implementation. Several example problems with Dirichlet, mixed, and/or convection bound- ary conditions, are presented to demonstrate the veracity and effectiveness of the numerical ap-
Failure of interleukin 13 blockade in ulcerative colitis

Contrary to a decade ago, clinical development in ulcerative colitis (UC) has become highly active with multiple promising innovative assets currently in early and late phase clinical studies. The anti-integrin α4β7 monoclonal antibody vedolizumab has been leading this wave, and has received marketing authorisation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) based on an excellent efficacy and safety record. One of the targets that had raised high hopes several years ago was interleukin 13 (IL-13), together with IL-4 and IL-5 the signature cytokine of a T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. As such, its blockade was hypothesised as a brilliant therapeutic strategy in diseases such as allergic asthma and UC. However, in this issue of Gut , results from a trial with anrukinzumab in active UC are reported,1 which, together with results of a trial with tralokinumab reported in the January issue,2 crush enthusiasm for anti-IL-13 blockade as a therapeutic strategy in UC. Anrukinzumab is a humanised IgG1 antibody, which binds IL-13 and inhibits IL-13's binding to the IL-4Rα chain, part of the IL-13 receptor complex, while it does not block binding of IL-13 to IL-13Rα1 or α2 chains. In a randomised, double-blind, phase IIa study conducted in 38 centres in 10 countries, a total of 84 patients (out of 152 screened) were randomised to three doses (200 mg, 400 mg and 600 mg) anrukinzumab or placebo, with five doses of study medication administered over a 14-week treatment period.1 As a first in a UC trial, fold-change from baseline faecal calprotectin at week 14 was chosen as the primary end point—which turned out not to be significantly different for the three treatment …
3D-cultured adipose tissue-derived stem cells inhibit liver cancer cell migration and invasion through suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered promising candidates for stem cell therapy; however, the tumorigenicity of ADSCs remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the association between ADSCs and liver cancer cells, and to determine whether culture methods could influence the effects of ADSCs on liver cancer cell growth in vitro. Liver cancer cells were treated with ADSCs-conditioned medium (CM) that was collected using the two-dimensional (2D) culture method, sphere culture method, or three-dimensional (3D) culture method. After that, cell viability and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 and Annexin V-FITC assay, respectively; the cell motility and adhesive capacity were analyzed by scratch wound healing and cell adhesion assay, respectively; the cell migration and invasion were examined by Transwell units; and the molecular mechanisms of ADSCs on effecting epithelial mesenchymal transition signaling pathway were further analyzed. The results demonstrated that ADSCs-CM was able to inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis, as well as by suppressing cell motility, adhesive capacity, migration and invasion. In addition, ADSCs-CM was able to suppress cell growth via the downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling. Notably, the enhanced inhibitory effects of ADSCs on liver cancer cell growth could be achieved after cultu ring using a 3D approach. These findings suggested that ADSCs may provide a novel promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with liver cancer, and the 3D culture method may provide a novel approach to explore the association between ADSCs and cancer.
Effect of Epoxy Coating Thickness on Bond Strength of No. 19 [No. 6] Reinforcing Bars

ASTM A 944 beam-end specimens are used to evaluate the relative bond strength of epoxycoated No. 19 [No. 61 reinforcing bars with coating thicknesses ranging from 160 to 510 pm (6.4 to 19.9 mils). Three deformation patterns are evaluated using epoxy meeting the requirements of ASTM A 775. The reduction in bond strength caused by epoxy coatings between 160 and 420 pm (6.4 and 16.5 mils) is largely independent of coating thickness, The reduction increases for coatings thicker than 420 pm (16.5 rmls).
Risk of Acute Stroke After Hospitalization for Sepsis: A Case-Crossover Study

Background and Purpose— Infections have been found to increase the risk of stroke over the short term. We hypothesized that stroke risk would be highest shortly after a sepsis hospitalization, but that the risk would decrease, yet remain up to 1 year after sepsis. Methods— This case-crossover analysis utilized data obtained from the California State Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. All stroke admissions were included. Exposure was defined as hospitalization for sepsis or septicemia 180, 90, 30, or 15 days before stroke (risk period) or similar time intervals exactly 1 or 2 years before stroke (control period). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association between sepsis/septicemia and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Results— Ischemic (n=37 377) and hemorrhagic (n=12 817) strokes that occurred in 2009 were extracted where 3188 (8.5%) ischemic and 1101 (8.6%) hemorrhagic stroke patients had sepsis. Sepsis within 15 days before the stroke placed patients at the highest risk of ischemic (OR, 28.36; 95% CI, 20.02–40.10) and hemorrhagic stroke (OR, 12.10; 95% CI, 7.54–19.42); however, although the risk decreased, it remained elevated 181 to 365 days after sepsis for ischemic (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 2.20–3.06) and hemorrhagic (OR, 3.92; 95% CI 3.29–4.69) strokes. There was an interaction with age (P=0.0006); risk of developing an ischemic stroke within 180 days of hospitalization for sepsis increased 18% with each 10-year decrease in age. Conclusions— Risk of stroke is high after sepsis, and this risk persists for up to a year. Younger sepsis patients have a particularly increased risk of stroke after sepsis.