Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stock market crisis and momentum. Some evidence for the Spanish stock market during the 1990s

In this article, we test the momentum effect in the Spanish stock market during the 1990s. Though there is evidence of momentum, it disappears after the 1997 crisis. While momentum profits are associated with both size and turnover effects, neither of these factors is a determinant in explaining the momentum effect. The turn of the year effect also lacks sufficient explanatory power to account either for the appearance or disappearance of this effect. An important role is played in this puzzle by the winner portfolio, particularly when it is constructed from small, high turnover stocks. Analysis of the characteristics and evolution of this portfolio may, therefore, help to explain the momentum effect.
Energetic cost of activation processes during contraction of swine arterial smooth muscle

1 The objective of this study was to partition the increase in ATP consumption during contraction of swine carotid arterial smooth muscle estimated from suprabasal oxygen consumption (suprabasal JO2) and lactate release (Jlactate) into a component associated with cross‐bridge cycling (Jx) and one reflecting activation (JA). 2 Two experimental approaches – varying length under constant activation, and varying activation at a long length (1.8 times the optimal length for force development (L0)) where force generation is minimal – revealed a linear dependence of J0 and activation energy (JA) on cross‐bridge phosphorylation. Protocols inducing a large increase in myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation at 1.8L0 resulted in significant elevations of JO2 and marked reductions in the economy of force maintenance. Our evidence suggests that this is primarily due to the increased cost of cross‐bridge phosphorylation. 3 The extrapolated estimate of JA during maximal K+‐induced depolarization made by varying length was 16%, while at 1.8LO it was 33% of the suprabasal JO2 at L0. Calculated activation energies ranged from 17 to 45% of the suprabasal JO2 at L0 and from 72 to 87% of the suprabasal JO2 at 1.8L0 under stimulation conditions that varied steady‐state MRLC phosphorylation from 15 to 50%. 4 The results suggest that the kinetics of cross‐bridge phosphorylation‐dephosphorylation can rival those of cross‐bridge cycling during isometric contractions in swine arterial smooth muscle.
The Effects of Outcome Uncertainties, Patriotism, and Asian Regionalism in the World Baseball Classic

This article investigates the effects of patriotism and Asian regionalism on game attendance and television viewers by using World Baseball Classic match data. The micro data of TV ratings provides comprehensive insights into the behavior of TV viewers. The results imply that attendance and TV viewers are affected by patriotism and Asian regionalism. Patriotism and regionalism have a significant positive effect on TV ratings. Although total points scored and game uncertainty are not significantly related to attendance and TV ratings in the game-level analysis, total points scored are significantly positively related to TV ratings in the inning-level analysis. Coefficients of inning-level uncertainty are partially negatively related to Videoland Sport's TV rating. The evidence weakly supports the hypothesis of game uncertainty.
Is History a Blessing or a Curse?International Borrowing without Commitment, Leapfrogging and Growth Reversals

We develop a simple open-economy AK model with collateral constraints that accounts for growth-reversal episodes, during which countries face abrupt changes in their growth rate that lead to either growth miracles or growth disasters. Absent commitment to investment by the borrowing country, imperfect contract enforcement leads to an informational lag such that the debt contracted upon today depends upon the past stock of capital. The no-commitment delay originates a history effect by which the richer a country has been in the past, the more it can borrow today. For (arbitrarily) small deviations from perfect contract enforcement, the history effect offsets the growth benefits from international borrowing and dampens growth, and it leads to leapfrogging in long-run levels. When large enough, the history effect originates growth reversals and we connect the latter to leapfrogging. Finally, we argue that the model accords with the reported evidence on growth disasters and growth accelerations. We also provide examples showing that leapfrogging and growth reversals may coexist, so that currently poor but fastgrowing countries experiencing sharp growth reversals may end up, in the long-run, significantly richer than currently rich but declining countries.
Long-Term Real Interest Rates: Evidence on the Global Capital Market

The steady removal of capital controls, and the consequent increase in international capital flows has led to a growing belief that there is now one global capital market with a single world real interest rate at its core. We review the evidence on international real interest rate behaviour using alternative measures of real interest rates, including those obtained from the growing set of inflation-adjusted government bonds. Using a range of statistical tests we find that it is hard to argue that real interest rates are converging to single world rate--though international factors are important. Moreover, the large and persistent differences in real interest rates across countries cannot be explained in terms of real exchange-rate expectations. Macroeconomic indicators from the countries concerned appear to play some role in accounting for these differences. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.
Strategic Entrepreneurship in the Hotel Industry: The Role of Chain Affiliation

The aim of this paper is to identify why independent hotels decide to affiliate and give up their highly valued independence. Based on interviews with 12 independently owned hotels and five affiliations active on the Swedish market, it became evident that independence is important, but factors such as development with technical solutions, internet, the use of smart phones, social media, sales and marketing, central purchasing and loyalty cards are difficult to pursue as an independent hotel. The results also showed that marketing organisations and referral chains are the preferred options, as their offerings are more in line with the view of strategic entrepreneurship that the hoteliers expressed. Even agency-related aspects such as control rights affected the entrepreneurs' aspiration to affiliate, at the same time as the respondents thought their way of running the business was the most efficient. The results from the research add to the knowledge associated with agency theory, strategic entrepreneurship and resource-based view of the firm. More practically, it gives the independent hoteliers a possibility to assess the current situation and decide what options could be valuable, while the affiliations would be able to better align their offerings to attract new hotels.
Effectiveness of staff training programs for behavioral problems among older people with dementia

This paper reviewed studies on staff training programs to address the behavioral problems associated with dementia among older people in residential care. The papers were classified according to whether or not the studies included a control group in the research design. The results of the review demonstrate that there has been a wide range of psychosocial and educational interventions to reduce behavioral problems among older people with dementia, with inconsistent results being obtained. However, many of these studies suffer from problems in their research design that make it difficult to evaluate their effectiveness. Problems in conducting research in the nursing home setting are highlighted, and suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.
Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Population-Based Neuropsychological Study

We present a cross-sectional, population-based neuropsychological study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients identified within Tampere University Hospital district, Finland with 440,000 inhabitants. Patients with definite SLE in the age range of 16-65 years (n =46) and matched controls (n =46) underwent neurological examination and comprehensive neuropsychological testing. On the basis of medical examination, the SLE patients were divided into neuropsychiatric (NP+; n =15) and nonneuropsychiatric (NP—; n =31) cases. The neuropsychological test results revealed more prevalent cognitive impairment in the NP+ patients, indicating that this subgroup mostly accounts for neuropsychological changes in SLE. Most characteristic changes in NP+ were observed in domains of memory, psychomotor speed, and complex attention. This suggests nonspecific CNS involvement, which is in line with neurological manifestations of the disease.
Organizational commitment in Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises: the role of extrinsic, intrinsic and social rewards

This study investigates the relationship between organizational rewards and employee commitment in Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to analyse survey data from 286 employees of 11 organizations. In line with what was hypothesized extrinsic rewards were found to be strongly related to both affective and continuance commitment, whereas satisfaction with supervision and role clarity positively influenced affective commitment. In contrast to previous empirical findings, autonomy and training provision were only found to influence continuance commitment. These findings have significant managerial implications regarding the utility of providing organizational rewards to enhance the commitment of Chinese employees. In order to promote employee commitment, SME managers could start by giving their employees greater autonomy and clarity regarding their role in the organization, as well as improving supervisor support. These are relatively inexpensive measures compared to the costly alternatives of improving extrinsic benefit packages and investing in employee training.
State-Variable Public Goods and Social Comparisons over Time

The optimal provision of a state-variable public good, where the global climate is the prime example, is analyzed in a model where people care about their relative consumption. We consider both keeping-up-with-the-Joneses preferences (where people compare their own current consumption with others’ current consumption) and catching-up-with-the-Joneses preferences (where people compare their own current consumption with others’ past consumption) in an economy with two productivity types, overlapping generations and optimal nonlinear income taxation. The extent to which the conventional rules for public provision ought to be modified is shown to depend on the strength of such relative concerns, but also on the preference elicitation format.
Small Negative Surprises: Frequency and Consequence

Using a large sample of quarterly observations for the 16 years, 1984-99, I present four types of related temporal evidence: (1) a decrease in the tendency of managers to report quarterly earnings that fall slightly short of analyst estimates [small negative surprises of no more than three cents]; (2) the temporal decrease in the tendency of managers to report small negative surprises pertains more to growth than to value firms; (3) the adverse valuation consequence of reporting small negative surprises has increased in severity in recent years; and (4) the temporal increase in the adverse valuation consequence of reporting small negative surprises pertains more to growth than to value firms. My frequency results are robust to alternative definitions of small negative surprises, and my valuation results are robust to including median surprises as a potential correlated omitted variable and are not due to temporal changes in the frequency of losses.
Evaluation of Candidate Traps as Tools for Conducting Surveillance for Anopheles Mosquitoes in a Malaria-Endemic Area in Western Thailand

Abstract The effectiveness of five mosquito traps at sampling anopheline mosquitoes was compared with landing/biting (L/B) collections in western Thailand. Traps evaluated included a CDC style light trap (CDC LT) with dry ice, the American Biophysics Corporation (ABC) standard light trap (ABC LT) with dry ice and octenol, the ABC counterflow geometry (CFG) trap with dry ice and octenol, the ABC mosquito magnet (MM) trap with octenol, and the Nicosia and Reinhardt Company Mosquito Attractor Device (N&R trap). Mosquito numbers captured in landing-biting collections were 5.2, 7.0, 7.3, 31.1, and 168.8 times greater than those collected in the ABC LT, MM, CDC LT, CFG, and N&R traps, respectively, for Anopheles minimus Theobald, the predominant malaria vector in the region. Similar results were obtained for the secondary malaria vectors Anopheles maculatus Theobald and Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green. Only Anopheles kochi Doenitz was collected in significantly greater numbers in the CDC LT, ABC LT, and MM traps compared with L/B collections. Although none of the traps were as effective as L/B collections, the ABC LT, MM, and CDC LT were the best alternatives to human bait for the collection of anopheline malaria vectors in Thailand.
The correlation between invasive care procedures and the occurrence of neonatal sepsis

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Conflicts of interest: no conflicts of interest to declare. Abstract Objective: To correlative the invasive care procedures applied to very-low-birth-weight infants with the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study undertaken through the investigation of secondary data between 2008 and 2012. The infants’ characteristics were analyzed by means of the Mann-Whitney test (means) and the chi-square test to compare frequencies. All variables with significance of p<0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model. Results: The data demonstrated fourteen infants with an episode of late sepsis. The mean gestational age was 30 weeks. Female gender and cesarean birth were the most frequent. The birth weight and the use of an arterial umbilical catheter explained the occurrence of sepsis, offering an 8.5 times higher risk for the outcome. Conclusion: Vascular accesses need start insertion and handling techniques to improve the health indicators.
Clinicopathologic predictors and impact of distant metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a unique tumor characterized by frequent and delayed distant metastasis (DM) with uncommon regional lymph node metastasis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the factors affecting DM of ACC and survival after appearance of DM. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of 94 cases of ACC from 1979 through 2001. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. RESULTS Distant metastasis of ACC occurred in 46 patients and developed more frequently in patients with tumors of the solid histologic subtype than in patients with tubular or cribriform subtypes. Distant metastasis occurred less frequently in the minor salivary glands of the sinonasal tract than in major salivary glands or in other minor salivary glands, and development of DM was not affected by tumor stage. Disease-specific 5- and 10-year survival rates were 88% and 72% for patients without DM, respectively, and 76% and 48% for those with DM (P =.02). Regarding the site of DM and its impact on outcomes, 30 patients had lung metastasis alone; 5 patients, bone metastasis alone; and 6 patients developed both lung and bone metastasis. Median survival times after appearance of DM among patients with isolated lung metastases and those with bone metastases with or without lung involvement were 54 and 21 months, respectively (P =.04). CONCLUSIONS Development of DM in ACC can be predicted by solid histologic subtype and major salivary gland or oral/pharyngeal rather than sinonasal primary site. Those patients with bone involvement with or without lung metastases had worse outcomes than those with pulmonary metastasis only.
Munc18-1 prevents the formation of ectopic SNARE complexes in living cells

Membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells must be strictly regulated both temporally and spatially. The assembly at the plasma membrane of the ternary SNARE complex, formed between syntaxin1a, SNAP-25 and VAMP, is essential for efficient exocytotic membrane fusion. These exocytotic SNAREs are known to be highly promiscuous in their interactions with other non-cognate SNAREs. It is therefore an important cellular requirement to traffic exocytotic SNARE proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex while avoiding ectopic interactions between SNARE proteins. Here, we show that syntaxin1a traffics in an inactive form to the plasma membrane, requiring a closed-form interaction, but not N-terminal binding, with munc18-1. If syntaxin is permitted to interact with SNAP-25, both proteins fail to traffic to the plasma membrane, becoming trapped in intracellular compartments. The munc18-1–syntaxin interactions must form before syntaxin encounters SNAP-25 in the Golgi complex, preventing the formation of intracellular exocytotic SNARE complexes there. Upon delivery to the plasma membrane, most SNARE clusters in resting cells do not produce detectable FRET between t-SNARE proteins. These observations highlight the crucial role that munc18-1 plays in trafficking syntaxin through the secretory pathway.
Improving the Parkinson Method of Estimating Security Price Volatilities

The author proposes a new method for estimating the volatility parameters of security prices, which is an improvement of the estimation method by M. Parkinson (1980). The author assumes that the security prices follow the geometric Brownian motion. However, contrary to the setting of Parkinson, the geometric Brownian motion may have nonzero drift terms. The author shows that the efficiency of his estimator is about 10 in comparison with the standard sample variance estimator. Since the efficiency of the estimator by Parkinson is about 4.91, his estimation method may considerably improve the estimation methods already known in financial economics. Copyright 1992 by University of Chicago Press.
Theoretical insights into the development of health insurance in low-income countries

This Discussion Paper is concerned with the development of risk-sharing systems for health, in low- and middle-income countries. It questions whether insurance theory developed in wealthier economies, in particular the central ideas of adverse selection and moral hazard, has relevance in the context of poorer countries with high levels of unmet health needs, and low utilisation of health services. Empirical evidence on these two issues is reviewed, as is the debate around social capital and collective action, and its relevance to extending risk sharing in poorer countries. Drawing on thinking and evidence from development economics, it is argued that informal risksharing may crowd-out formal risk-sharing schemes, the reverse of arguments found in much of the literature. Rooted in a holistic framework of household risk-reducing strategies, the paper considers the dynamic of demand for insurance in poorer countries, influenced by factors such as social cohesion, perceived corruption, and duty to the state. A central argument in the paper is that much of the literature on health insurance in low-income countries fails to consider well-developed and highly relevant bodies of literature in development economics and sociology.
Currency substitution and seigniorage-maximizing inflation: the case of Cambodia

This article contributes a new empirical study on currency substitution in Cambodia. In our analysis, a model of money-in-the-utility function is adopted. The empirical results indicate that the elasticity of substitution between foreign and domestic real currency balances in Cambodia is high. Moreover, the high share of foreign real balances in providing domestic liquidity services in Cambodia is also confirmed by empirical analysis. Given these findings, the effects of the currency substitution on the government ability to gain from seigniorage revenue are also examined. The analysis from simulated results shows that the Cambodian government has little opportunity to gain from seigniorage revenue.
Suicide among College Students **

Suicide is more common among college students than many people realize. A recent survey of the causes of death of 209 Yale University students from 1920 to 1955 revealed the following most common causes of death: (i) accidents-43.8 per cent; (ii) suicide-12 per cent; (iii) heart and circulatory diseases-7.7 per cent; (iv) pneumonia-7.2 per cent; and (v) central nervous system infections-6.3 per cent. ' Diehl and Shepard! made a similar study of 327 deaths among college students from nine universities during the ten-year period from 1925 to 1935. They found the following leading causes of death: (i) accidents-26.3 per cent; (ii) heart and circulatory diseases-10.1 per cent; and (iii) suicide-8.0 per cent. One may conclude from these two studies that suicides account for 8 to 12 per cent of all deaths among college students. It has been estimated that more than 20,000 people commit suicide in the United States each year. ' Dublin' reported the suicide rate for the United States in 1930, 15.6 per 100,000 living, occupies a middle position among the rates of countries for which the records are available. Collins et al.' found suicide the fifth most common cause of death in the white population of the United States, for the age group from 15-24, for 1950. A review of the available literature failed to provide any reliable statistics on the incidence of suicide among college students. It is commonly believed that the incidence of suicide is higher among college students than among the noncollege population in the same age group. This opinion was recently expressed by Mr. T. R. Henn, Senior Tutor of St. Catherine's College, Cambridge, England when he addressed the World Conference on Medical Education. Mr. Henn stated:
The difference in seizure incidences between young and adult rats related to lipid peroxidation after intracortical injection of ferric chloride.

INTRODUCTION Clinical studies have shown that the incidence of early post-traumatic seizures is higher in children than in adults. It has been proposed that iron-induced lipid peroxidation plays an important role in the development of epileptogenic foci. This study examined some of the hypothesised reasons for the difference in the incidence of early post-traumatic seizures between children and adults. METHODS 12 young rats and 12 adult rats were randomised into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were control groups, comprising six young rats and six adult rats, respectively, and they were administered an intracortical injection of saline. Groups 3 and 4 were injury groups, comprising six young rats and six adult rats, respectively, and they were administered an intracortical injection of FeCl3. All the rats were observed for six hours post-injection for the occurrence of seizures, and were then killed. The injected hemispheres were extirpated and tested for the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as indices of oxidative damage. RESULTS Seizures were observed only in Group 3. Increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activity were observed in Group 3 (ANOVA, p-value is less than 0.001). Increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activity were significantly higher in rats with seizures (Group 3) than in those without seizures (independent t-test, p-value is less than 0.001). CONCLUSION Different levels of lipid peroxidation induced by an intracortical ferric chloride injection may account for the different incidence rates of seizures between young and adult rats.