Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Characteristics of Negro and White College Freshman Classmates.

There is little organized knowledge about the characteristics of Negroes enrolling in predominantly white institutions of higher learning. ' In order to provide data about such students, the present study describes the goals and expectations, pre-college academic preparation, and academic performance of a group of Negro beginning freshmen at the Urbana-Champaign campus of the University of Illinois. It is hoped that the data provided by the present study will be useful to faculty and administrators responsible for establishing more meaningful programs of admission, counseling, instruction, and related activities for Negro freshmen at large, predominantly white universities.
Reformulations of agentless talk in psychotherapy

Abstract In this paper we describe and analyze the development of a psychotherapist's reformulations of one client's initial agentless problem narration. The concept ‘agentless’ refers to the use of impersonal constructions—passive voice, nominalizations, zero-person construction, and iterative verbs— which all imply having no control over the described actions. ‘Agentless talk’ is viewed in this paper as a strategy to escape full personal responsibility and thus as a strategy to save one's moral face (Brown and Levinson 1978, 1987; Goffman 1955). In this case, the therapist approached the dilemma between protecting the client's face and fulfilling the institutional goal of helping the client by varying the footing in his reformulations of problem descriptions. Delicateness in the therapist's reformulations, as found in the data, can thus be seen as more than conversational etiquette; it is a necessary therapeutic tool. To account for the changes taking place in the therapeutic process, no reference to models of inner psychological structures or organization was needed, which poses a question of the quality of ‘therapeutic change’.
Amantadine to enhance readiness for rehabilitation following severe traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: To evaluate the association between amantadine and recovery of consciousness from prolonged traumatic coma. Research design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: Subjects included 123 adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted over a 10-year period who remained in coma despite becoming medically stable. Experimental interventions: Cases received 100–200 mg of amantadine twice daily. Main outcomes and results: 46.4% (13/28) of cases emerged from coma compared to 37.9% (36/95) of controls (p = 0.42). Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) was the only significant predictor of emergence from coma (p = 0.02), while SSEP, age and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) significantly predicted time to emerge from coma (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the study and its design do not support the view that amantadine has an effect on recovery of consciousness; it remains safe, inexpensive and has few side effects. The lack of treatment alternatives and anecdotal support for its use may warrant further study. Prospective controlled trials would yield more definitive results.
Transcriptional regulation of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes

Abstract Glucuronidation is an important metabolic pathway for many small endogenous and exogenous lipophilic compounds, including bilirubin, steroid hormones, bile acids, carcinogens and therapeutic drugs. Glucuronidation is primarily catalyzed by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A and two subfamilies, including nine functional UGT1A enzymes (1A1, 1A3–1A10) and 10 functional UGT2 enzymes (2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B11, 2B15, 2B17 and 2B28). Most UGTs are expressed in the liver and this expression relates to the major role of hepatic glucuronidation in systemic clearance of toxic lipophilic compounds. Hepatic glucuronidation activity protects the body from chemical insults and governs the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that are inactivated by UGTs. UGT mRNAs have also been detected in over 20 extrahepatic tissues with a unique complement of UGT mRNAs seen in almost every tissue. This extrahepatic glucuronidation activity helps to maintain homeostasis and hence regulates biological activity of endogenous molecules that are primarily inactivated by UGTs. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue-specific UGT expression has been the subject of a large number of studies over the last two decades. These studies have shown that the constitutive and inducible expression of UGTs is primarily regulated by tissue-specific and ligand-activated transcription factors (TFs) via their binding to cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in UGT promoters and enhancers. This review first briefly summarizes published UGT gene transcriptional studies and the experimental models and tools utilized in these studies, and then describes in detail the TFs and their respective CREs that have been identified in the promoters and/or enhancers of individual UGT genes.
Whose Statement Is It? An Examination of Victim Impact Statements Delivered in Court

Abstract Many crime victims today have the opportunity to create, and in some contexts deliver, a victim impact statement in court. While research has examined the effects of this participation on outcomes like sentencing, very little is known about the content of these statements or if the content is influenced by the context in which it is shared (i.e., the courtroom). Using trial transcripts and interviews with criminal justice officials and family members of homicide victims, the current study examines the stories victims share as well as the influence justice system actors have in their creation and delivery.
Surfactant protein D and KL-6 serum levels in systemic sclerosis: correlation with lung and systemic involvement.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SP-D and KL-6 serum concentrations and the extent of interstitial lung involvement, as measured by a quantitative HRCT score and the functional impairment, in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Moreover we analysed the association between these lung-specific biomarkers and skin involvement, anti-Scl-70 antibody titres and an index of disease activity. METHODS Serum SP-D, KL-6 and anti-Scl-70 concentrations were determined by ELISA in 25 SSc patients. Disease activity and lung function parameters were assessed, and the extent of ILD was measured by a HRCT score. RESULTS SP-D and KL-6 concentrations were higher in patients with SSc and lung fibrosis than in healthy controls. KL-6 correlated positively with the HRCT-fibrosis score (r=0.68, p<0.001), SP-D showed a weaker correlation (r=0.44, p=0.025). Increased KL-6 concentrations were associated with decreased DLCO and decreased FVC in SSc patients, SP-D showed no association. Furthermore KL-6, but not SP-D, showed a strong association with skin involvement as expressed by the modified Rodnan skin score (r=0.71, p<0.0001) and a disease activity index (r=0.73, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION KL-6 is more strongly associated than SP-D with the HRCT-fibrosis score, and, different from SP-D, it correlates with skin involvement and disease activity. We suggest that KL-6 may be a useful biomarker in the assessment of scleroderma patients.
Trend Networks: Multidimensional Proximity and the Formation of Aesthetic Choices in the Creative Economy

Godart F. C. Trend networks: multidimensional proximity and the formation of aesthetic choices in the creative economy, Regional Studies. In sociology, a key challenge is to comprehend the formation of aesthetic choices in the highly uncertain settings of the creative industries. The multidimensional proximity perspective – which goes beyond the geographical – developed in economic geography can be used to complement sociological approaches to the formation of choices in creative contexts. The question is explored using a comprehensive large-scale longitudinal dataset of high-end fashion organizations and their selection of stylistic trends presented at biannual fashion shows. Using a social network analysis approach, proximity constructs (geographical, temporal, organizational and status-based) are used to explain the choice of trends conceptualized as temporary proximity.
Merging Culture and Tourism in Greece: An Unholy Alliance or an Opportunity to Update the Country's Cultural Policy?

In 2009, the socialist government of Greece (PASOK) joined for the first time the portfolios of culture and tourism, establishing the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The discourse supporting and contesting the merger, as well as the merger's implications, are explored from a cultural policy perspective, through an analysis of the statements and policies issued by the government on the issue during its first year in office. The challenges created by the merger concern policymakers internationally, as they echo increasing tensions between socio-cultural and financial objectives as a result of worldwide convergence of cultural and economic spheres.
Helping Stepfathers ‘‘Step Away’’ From the Role of ‘‘Father’’: Directions for Family Intervention

This article will use current data to confirm the growing numbers of stepfamilies as a legitimate family constellation in 21st century America. Given those incidences of stepfamily formation, clinicians need to understand salient characteristics of stepfathering as the most recent addition to the family dynamics as a way to support healthy stepfamily integration. This article will review the current literature to provide those descriptions in terms of family interaction patterns and of interactions with the nonresidential father leading to implications for clinical interventions.
Outage Probability of Selection Cooperation with Channel Estimation Errors

In this paper, we investigate the performance of selection cooperation in the presence of channel estimation errors. In particular, we consider a cooperative scenario with multiple relays and amplify-and-forward protocol over frequency flat fading channels. In the selection scheme, only the "best" relay which maximizes the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver end is selected. We present a lower bound on the effective SNR and derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability of the transmitted signal in the presence of channel estimation error. A simulation study is presented to corroborate the analytical results and to demonstrate the performance of relay selection with imperfect channel estimation.
Referenceless Prediction of Perceptual Fog Density and Perceptual Image Defogging

We propose a referenceless perceptual fog density prediction model based on natural scene statistics (NSS) and fog aware statistical features. The proposed model, called Fog Aware Density Evaluator (FADE), predicts the visibility of a foggy scene from a single image without reference to a corresponding fog-free image, without dependence on salient objects in a scene, without side geographical camera information, without estimating a depth-dependent transmission map, and without training on human-rated judgments. FADE only makes use of measurable deviations from statistical regularities observed in natural foggy and fog-free images. Fog aware statistical features that define the perceptual fog density index derive from a space domain NSS model and the observed characteristics of foggy images. FADE not only predicts perceptual fog density for the entire image, but also provides a local fog density index for each patch. The predicted fog density using FADE correlates well with human judgments of fog density taken in a subjective study on a large foggy image database. As applications, FADE not only accurately assesses the performance of defogging algorithms designed to enhance the visibility of foggy images, but also is well suited for image defogging. A new FADE-based referenceless perceptual image defogging, dubbed DEnsity of Fog Assessment-based DEfogger (DEFADE) achieves better results for darker, denser foggy images as well as on standard foggy images than the state of the art defogging methods. A software release of FADE and DEFADE is available online for public use: <;uri xlink:href="http://live.ece. utexas.edu/research/fog/index.html" xlink:type="simple">http://live.ece. utexas.edu/research/fog/index.html<;/uri>.
Sensory Scaling and the Psychophysical Law

Sensory scaling is analysed as a sensori-motor task for which two relations must be determined, the first, S = f(I), being the relation between I, the stimulus intensity, and S, a measure of the neural effect of the stimulus, and the second being the relation between the subject's response, R, and S. It is shown that for any scaling procedure the relation between R and S can be arbitrarily specified, and according to the choice made S = f(I) will be found to be either a power function or a logarithmic function; these two “psycho- physical laws” do not reflect empirical differences between scaling procedures but conventional differences in the assumptions made when interpreting these procedures. A model is then elaborated in which S = f(I) is fixed and the relation between R and S depends on the demands of the psychophysical task and the effects of previous learning. With this more complex model the empirical implications of the power function and log function differ; it is shown that if the latter is accepted explanations can be given for two major problems in scaling theory, the disparity between the functions given by category scaling and the direct methods, and the difference between prothetic and metathetic continua.
The Role of Timing Patterns in Recognition of Emotional Expression from Musical Performance

The purpose of this study was to explore whether listeners can use timing patterns to decode the intended emotional expression of musical performances. We gradually removed different acoustic cues (tempo, dynamics, timing, articulation) from piano performances rendered with various intended expressions (anger, sadness, happiness, fear) to see how such manipulations would affect a listener's ability to decode the emotional expression. The results show that (a) removing the timing patterns yielded a significant decrease in listeners' decoding accuracy, (b) timing patterns were by themselves capable of communicating some emotions with accuracy better than chance, and (c) timing patterns were less effective in communicating emotions than were tempo and dynamics. Implications for research on timing in performance are discussed.
Poultry Litter Amendments

ammonia levels in poultry houses can result in poor bird performance and health and a loss of profits to the grower and integrator. When broilers and turkeys are raised on litter, amendments (Figure 1) can be used to reduce ammonia levels in the houses and improve productivity. Broiler and turkey litter typically consists of wood shavings, rice hulls, or peanut hulls. Uric acid and organic nitrogen (N) in the bird excreta and spilled feed are converted to ammonium (NH 4 +) by the microbes in the litter. Ammonium, a plant-available N form, can bind to litter and also dissolve in water. Depending on the moisture content, temperature, and acidity of the litter, a portion of the ammonium will be converted into ammonia (NH 3). Ammonia production is favored by high temperature and high pH (i.e., alkaline conditions). Ammonia is a pungent gas that irritates the eyes and respiratory system and can reduce resistance to infection in poultry. At high-enough concentrations, ammonia will reduce feed efficiency and growth while increasing mortality and carcass condemnations. The result is economic loss to the grower and integrator. Carlile (1984) recommended limiting ammonia concentration in poultry houses to 25 parts per million (ppm) or less. However, Blake and Hess (2001) reported that continuous exposure to ammonia concentrations as low as 10 ppm can damage a bird's respiratory system and increase the risk of infectious disease. Due to the high price of wood shavings and the increasing scarcity of land available for litter application, complete poultry house cleanouts may be done only once every two years or longer. Only the crust or cake (top portion of the litter) may be removed after each flock. The increased duration between complete cleanouts results in a greater buildup of litter and ammonia. Because chicks are more susceptible to the negative effects of ammonia, placing broods in houses with high levels of Figure 1. Al+Clear (alum) being applied inside a poultry house using a spinner spreader. Sprinkling water helps reduce dust levels during application and activates the amendment.
Very Low Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Patients Undergoing Successful Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation With a CHADS2 Score ⩽3: A Long-Term Outcome Study

Background— Long-term cessation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been deemed controversial. The safety of this management strategy in patients without recurrent AF and with historically elevated risks for thromboembolism remains largely unknown. In this study, we sought to evaluate the long-term results of OAC cessation after successful catheter ablation of AF. Methods and Results— OAC and antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) were discontinued irrespective of AF type or baseline CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) risk score in 327 patients (mean age, 63±13 years; 79% men) with drug-refractory AF after catheter ablation (mean CHADS2 score, 1.89±0.95; median, 2.0). Patients with a CHADS2 score of 2 (45.4%) and 3 (23.2%) accounted for 68.8% of this cohort. In patients with a high risk of recurrence or prior thromboembolic complications, OAC was continued for up to 6 to 12 months postablation and antiplatelet therapy was administered to all patients who maintained sinus rhythm upon OAC interruption. After a follow-up of 46±17 months (range, 13–82 months), 82% remained AF free (off AADs). Significant predictors of late AF recurrence (P<0.05) were nonparoxysmal AF (hazard ration [HR], 1.83), female sex (HR, 2.19), age ≥60 years (HR, 1.81), left atrial size >40 mm (HR, 3.52), CHADS2 score ≥2 (HR, 1.81), and early recurrences (HR, 5.52). No symptomatic ischemic cerebrovascular events were detected during follow-up despite interruption of OAC in 298 (91%) patients and AADs in 293 (89%) patients. Conclusions— No significant thromboembolic-related morbidity is observed when AADs and OAC are discontinued after successful catheter ablation of AF in patients with a CHADS2 score ⩽3 who are maintained on antiplatelet therapy during long-term follow-up.
Muddying the Waters

This article charts and analyses the debates and discussions about class and identity over the last 30 years in the Federation of Worker Writers and Community Publishers (Fed). The Fed fostered a class identity that was sharpened through discussions about the role of middle-class sympathizers. Narrow definitions of class were continually widened as groups of women, black and gay groups asserted an autonomous identity and set up separate groups, sometimes in direct opposition to class. While one section of the Fed clung to a narrow conception of class, the majority welcomed the changes but were unwilling to jettison class.This evidence brings into question academic arguments that tended to assert that class, as a monolithic presence, has been simply undermined or replaced by new identities and new social movements.Too little attention has been paid to the persistent but changing meanings of class.
Meaningfulness as a Mediator of Subjective Well-Being

In a sample of 347 university students and community residents, measures of meaningfulness, self-esteem, internal locus of control, positive social relationships and optimism were given to predict subjective well-being, i.e., measures of happiness, life satisfaction, and affect balance. Correlations, canonical correlations, and structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis that meaningfulness is a significant mediator between personality variables and subjective well-being.
Ironic Crisis Communication?

Abstract Humour and irony are normally not recommended within crisis communication. So when the main Swedish rail company SJ in January 2011 issued three short videos taking an ironical stance on the company and its damaged reputation, it attracted a great deal of attention. But the good will generated by this unexpected irony was apparently never fully understood by the management, and was thus lost or directly undermined by their subsequent communication. This article addresses the specific case of SJ’s crisis communication in early 2011, with particular interest in the question of the use of humour and irony in a crisis situation.
Relocating attributional phenomena within the language-cognition interface: The case of actor-observer perspectives

Two studies are reported which apply a language based model to the actor-observer domain in attribution theory. This model distinguishes between four classes of interpersonal terms (descriptive action verbs, interpretive action verbs, state verbs, and adjectives) that have been shown to mediate different cognitive inferences. An adaptation of this language based model suggests that actor-observer differences can be understood as differential language conventions used by actors and observers. This hypothesis finds support in the first study where subjects were asked to give free descriptions to a number of social events. A second study examined the more specific implications of this general case by replicating an experiment reported by Nisbett et al. (1973). The same language based conventions are shown to be used by actors and observers in this more specific case. The implications of these findings are drawn out with special reference to the influence of culture on cognitive processes.
Uniform Boundedness of a Preconditioned Normal Matrix Used in Interior-Point Methods

Solving systems of linear equations with "normal" matrices of the form A D2 AT is a key ingredient in the computation of search directions for interior-point algorithms. In this article, we establish that a well-known basis preconditioner for such systems of linear equations produces scaled matrices with uniformly bounded condition numbers as D varies over the set of all positive diagonal matrices. In particular, we show that when A is the node--arc incidence matrix of a connected directed graph with one of its rows deleted, then the condition number of the corresponding preconditioned normal matrix is bounded above by m(n - m + 1), where m and n are the number of nodes and arcs of the network.