Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial intervention for postdisaster trauma symptoms in elementary school children: a controlled community field study.

CONTEXT Natural disasters negatively affect children's emotional and behavioral adjustment. Although treatments to reduce psychological morbidity following disasters are needed, it has been difficult to conduct treatment research in postdisaster environments because of the sensitivity of victims to perceived intrusiveness and exploitation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a public health--inspired intervention combining school-based screening and psychosocial treatment to identify and treat children with persistent disaster-related trauma symptoms. DESIGN To identify children with continued high levels of trauma-related symptoms 2 years after a major disaster, we conducted a community-wide school-based screening of disaster-exposed public elementary school children. Children with the highest levels of trauma-related symptoms were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 consecutively treated cohorts. Children in the cohorts awaiting treatment served as wait-list controls. Within each cohort, children were randomly assigned to either individual or group treatment to allow comparison of the efficacy of the 2 treatment modalities. SETTING All 10 public elementary schools on the island of Kauai (one of the Hawaiian Islands) 2 years after Hurricane Iniki. PARTICIPANTS All 4258 children in second through sixth grade were screened. The 248 children with the highest levels of psychological trauma symptoms were selected for treatment. INTERVENTION Children were randomly assigned to either individual or group treatment provided by specially trained school-based counselors. Treatment comprised 4 sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Kauai Reaction Inventory, a self-report measure of trauma symptoms, and the Child Reaction Inventory, a semistructured clinical interview for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. RESULTS After treatment, children reported significant reductions in self-reported trauma-related symptoms. This symptom reduction was maintained at the 1-year follow-up. Clinical interviews also indicated that treated children had fewer trauma symptoms compared with untreated children. CONCLUSIONS School-based community-wide screening followed by psychosocial intervention seems to effectively identify and reduce children's disaster-related trauma symptoms and may facilitate psychological recovery. While group and individual treatments did not differ in efficacy, fewer children dropped out of the group treatment. This approach may be applicable to screening and treating children exposed to a variety of large-scale disasters.
Studies on the development of the implantation reaction in the mouse uterus: influence of actinomycin D.

The influence of actinomycin D on the implantation of blastocysts has been studied in mice. The early stages of implantation, the Pontamine sky blue reaction and stromal oedema take place normally and the blastocyst is stimulated to develop. Decidualization, however, is delayed and the degeneration of the uterine epithelium around the blastocyst is inhibited, suggesting that the latter is dependent on DNA-directed messenger RNA synthesis whereas the initial implantation changes and activation of the blastocyst are not.
Significant reduction of granulomas in Nrf2-deficient mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE We have reported previously that mice deficient in nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes, showed significant susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses when exposed to diesel exhaust particles for eight weeks. As disruption of Nrf2 promotes immune cells that stimulate Th2-like immunoresponsiveness, Nrf2-deficient mice may be resistant to M. tuberculosis infection. SETTING Nrf2-deficient mice were infected with M. tuberculosis aerially, and the size of their granulomas and cytokine mRNA expression were compared with those of wild-type mice. RESULTS Significant reduction of granuloma formation and tubercle bacilli in granulomas was noted in the deficient mice 27 weeks after infection, concurrently with higher expression of IL-2 and IL-13 mRNA. CONCLUSION It is concluded that Nrf2 inversely regulates M. tuberculosis-induced granuloma development at the late stage.
Television News and the Public Sphere in Italy

As new political alliances are being formed in the attempt to establish a new political system away from the corruption of the old system, politics in Italy has been opened up for legitimation to the public sphere of civil society to an unprecedented extent. This would be less of a cause for concern if three of the four national private television channels were not owned by one of the major political protagonists, Silvio Berlusconi. At a crucial time in Italian politics, it would appear that the television news may be unable to provide `fair play' to the competing political parties and collective actors in the vital function of supplying political information. This article presents a comparative analysis of the coverage of political discourse on three television channels (two private, one state). The findings are contextualized within a critical assessment of the media/politics interface and the supply of political information to the Italian public. This article examines three related factors that constitute a process of dynamic change in the television coverage of politics in Italy: first, the increasingly commercial and competitive basis of broadcasting between the state/private `duopoly'; second, the unresolved political conflict over regulatory controls for standards of political expression and media control; and third, the emergence of the television medium as an arena for competition between political actors.
The career progression of women in state government agencies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of the utilization of organizational practices on the career progression of women to executive positions in state‐level government organizations in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The design included an online survey instrument sent to a purposive sample of 600 female administrative agency executives in 50 states. A standard multilinear regression model tests the predictive power of three composite explanatory utilization variables on the dependent variable, career progression of women to upper level management. The composite predictor variables are: utilization of work/family practices; utilization of diversity practices; and utilization of promotional practices.Findings – Contrary to expectations, the relationship between career progression of women and family‐friendly utilization does not appear to be statistically significant. However, the time it takes respondents who utilized family‐friendly practices in their organizatio.
Posttranslational Modifications of Baculovirus Protamine-Like Protein P6.9 and the Significance of Its Hyperphosphorylation for Viral Very Late Gene Hyperexpression

ABSTRACT Many viruses utilize viral or cellular chromatin machinery for efficient infection. Baculoviruses encode a conserved protamine-like protein, P6.9. This protein plays essential roles in various viral physiological processes during infection. However, the mechanism by which P6.9 regulates transcription remains unknown. In this study, 7 phosphorylated species of P6.9 were resolved in Sf9 cells infected with the baculovirus type species Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Mass spectrometry identified 22 phosphorylation and 10 methylation sites but no acetylation sites in P6.9. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the P6.9 and virus-encoded serine/threonine kinase PK1 exhibited similar distribution patterns in infected cells, and coimmunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between them. Upon pk1 deletion, nucleocapsid assembly and polyhedron formation were interrupted and the transcription of viral very late genes was downregulated. Interestingly, we found that the 3 most phosphorylated P6.9 species vanished from Sf9 cells transfected with the pk1 deletion mutant, suggesting that PK1 is involved in the hyperphosphorylation of P6.9. Mass spectrometry suggested that the phosphorylation of the 7 Ser/Thr and 5 Arg residues in P6.9 was PK1 dependent. Replacement of the 7 Ser/Thr residues with Ala resulted in a P6.9 phosphorylation pattern similar to that of the pk1 deletion mutant. Importantly, the decreases in the transcription level of viral very late genes and viral infectivity were consistent. Our findings reveal that P6.9 hyperphosphorylation is a precondition for the maximal hyperexpression of baculovirus very late genes and provide the first experimental insights into the function of the baculovirus protamine-like protein and the related protein kinase in epigenetics. IMPORTANCE Diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones constitute a code that creates binding platforms that recruit transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Many viruses also utilize host- or virus-induced chromatin machinery to promote efficient infections. Baculoviruses encode a protamine-like protein, P6.9, which is required for a variety of processes in the infection cycle. Currently, P6.9's PTM sites and its regulating factors remain unknown. Here, we found that P6.9 could be categorized as unphosphorylated, hypophosphorylated, and hyperphosphorylated species and that a virus-encoded serine/threonine kinase, PK1, was essential for P6.9 hyperphosphorylation. Abundant PTM sites on P6.9 were identified, among which 7 Ser/Thr phosphorylated sites were PK1 dependent. Mutation of these Ser/Thr sites reduced very late viral gene transcription and viral infectivity, indicating that the PK1-mediated P6.9 hyperphosphorylation contributes to viral proliferation. These data suggest that a code exists in the sophisticated PTM of viral protamine-like proteins and participates in viral gene transcription.
Sources of occupational stress in the police

Abstract This paper describes an empirical study (n = 954) of occupational stress conducted in a large provincial English police force. Conceptual distinctions were made between stressors, i.e., potential external sources of adverse reactions; felt stress, i.e., self-perceived negative impact; and distress, i.e., self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, social dysfunction, and somatic disturbance. Findings indicates that overall exposure rates are highest for organizational and management stressors rather than routine operational duties. Differential rates of exposure, felt stress, and distress are reported for different ranks of officers. The paper confirms the nature of postulated sources of police stress from earlier studies and extends analysis to differentiate between exposure to stressors and experience of distress.
The Paradox of Ethnic Minority Development in Beijing

The educational attainments of Beijing’s permanent ethnic minority population out perform or are on par with the dominant, local Hans. Yet, the Han demographic disproportionately dominates the high-wage, education-intensive employment sectors. What accounts for this paradox? What does this signify regarding the management of ethnic difference in the capital city? And how do we improve this situation? Drawing upon recent research, this paper will offer sociological explanations to answer these questions. Moreover, it will further suggest strategies for enhancing the development of ethnic minorities in Beijing.
Do Pharmacists Buy Bayer? Informed Shoppers and the Brand Premium

We estimate the effect of information and expertise on consumers’ willingness to pay for national brands in physically homogeneous product categories. In a detailed case study of headache remedies, we find that more informed or expert consumers are less likely to pay extra to buy national brands, with pharmacists choosing them over store brands only 9 percent of the time, compared to 26 percent of the time for the average consumer. In a similar case study of pantry staples such as salt and sugar, we show that chefs devote 12 percentage points less of their purchases to national brands than demographically similar nonchefs. We extend our analysis to cover 50 retail health categories and 241 food and drink categories. The results suggest that misinformation and related consumer mistakes explain a sizable share of the brand premium for health products, and a much smaller share for most food and drink products. We tie our estimates together using a stylized model of demand and pricing. JEL Codes: D12, D83, L66.
Optimizing the AV Delay in DDD Pacemaker Patients with High Degree AV Block: Mitral Valve Doppler Versus Impedance Cardiography

In DDD‐pacemaker patients with high degree A V block, Doppler echocardiography of transmitral blood flow can be used to find the individually optimal AV delay (AVO) for left heart AV synchronization. This study tried to validate a Doppler method (ECHO) recently proposed to optimize left ventricular filling by comparing it to stroke volume data derived from impedance cardiography (ICG). It should be further elucidated if optimizing the AV delay (AVD) by means of this method is superior to fixed AVD settings and which differential AVD (pace‐sense‐offset) should be programmed for atrially triggered (A TP) and A V sequential (A VP) pacing, respectively. A VO as measured in 53 patients showed a linear correlation between ECHO and ICC for both ATP (r = 0.66, P < 0,00001) and AVP (r = 0.53, P < 0.005). The mean deviation in AVO between ECHO and ICC was ± 26 ms (ATP) and ± 30 ms (AVP), respectively, with a tendency to longer AVDs with the Doppler method. ECHO limitations could mainly be attributed to: (1) restrictions of AVD programming options (which may be compensated for by slight modification of the proposal); and (2) to pathophysiological mechanisms that alter mitral valve dynamics. Optimization of the AVD by Doppler produced a stroke volume that was significantly higher (19%) than with a fixed AVD (150 ms in ATP; 200 ms in AVP). There was a wide scatter in pace‐sense‐offsets between ‐7 and 134 ms, which was reflected by both methods. It is concluded that AVO determinations by ECHO are valid provided that methodological pitfalls and limitations caused by the disease are recognized. Tailoring AVD with respect to diastolic filling improves systolic function and is superior to nominal AVD settings. Fixed differential AVDs as offered by some manufacturers are far from being physiological. Thus modern pulse generators should offer free programmability over a wide range of AV delays.
The effect on foveal vision of bright (and dark) surroundings. V

On the basis of certain assumptions derived from the all-or-none hypothesis regarding the nature of the nerve processes of the retina, the authors have formulated quantitative expressions for the effect of bright and dark surroundings on the difference-threshold of foveal vision. Comparison of the values calculated from these formulae with the limens for brightness obtained in actual experiment reveals a substantial agreement between the two sets of data. The range of application of the formulae to various conditions in visual experimentation remains still to be determined. From Psych Bulletin 19:09:00581. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Treating infants and mothers in psychic distress : A mental health program for infancy

Notre but est de tracer les grandes lignes d'un programme de Sante Mentale pour Meres et Bebes jusqu'a l'âge de 3 ans. L'arriere-plan theorique du programme fait reference au point de vue psychanalytique genetique developpe par des auteurs francais et americains. Les objectifs therapeutiques consistent a promouvoir le developpement personnel du bebe et la capacite de reflexion qu'a la mere de facon a ameliorer l'elasticite du bebe. Les objectifs sont d'avoir des buts de prevention. Le programme a des activites cliniques, de recherches, et de formation, et une equipe multidisciplinaire. La population clinique est envoyee par des services medicaux, de familles avec un S.E. S. moyen a bas. Avec les donnees recueillies durant la phase d'evaluation, un diagnostique base sur une analyse psychodynamique du processus pathologique et sur l'evaluation de facteurs de risque et protecteurs est etabli. Notre approche multidisciplinaire combine des modalites therapeutiques individuelles concentrees sur les meres, l'enfant ou la relation mere-enfant, et des interventions familiales dans notre Unite ou dans la communaute. Une evaluation de l'intervention basee sur l'echelle PIR-GAS est presentee.
Regionalisation and Civil Society: The Case of Southern Africa

This article argues that the general neglect of civil society in the majority of the literature on regionalism is above all a theoretical and methodological failure. It argues that a critical perspective on regionalism in the form of the new regionalism approach (NRA) provides a useful point of departure for better understanding civil society on at the regional level. To this approach should be added general insights from literature on civil society and the post-colonial state in Africa. The analysis shows that Southern African civil societies in Southern Africa are is not powerless, is not simply ‘national’, nor is it necessarily subject to state policies or states-led regional organisations. Rather, civil society in Southern Africa is extending its field of competence and is increasingly engaged in various forms of regionalisation activities, particularly in fields such as social economic justice and debt, trade, health, democracy and human rights, the environment, and research. But regional civil society is by no means harmonious. It encompasses several paradoxes and internal conflicts within itself, and comprises complex relations with states and donors.
The membrane‐proximal intracytoplasmic tyrosine residue of HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein is critical for basolateral targeting of viral budding in MDCK cells

Budding of retroviruses from polarized epithelial Madin–Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) takes place specifically at the basolateral membrane surface. This sorting event is suspected to require a specific signal harbored by the viral envelope glycoprotein and it was previously shown that, as for most basolateral proteins, the intracytoplasmic domain plays a crucial role in this targeting phenomenon. It is well known that tyrosine‐based motifs are a central element in basolateral targeting signals. In the present study, site‐directed mutagenesis was used to generate conservative or non‐conservative substitutions of each four intracytoplasmic tyrosines of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) envelope glycoprotein. This approach revealed that the membrane‐proximal tyrosine is essential to ensure both the basolateral localization of envelope glycoprotein and the basolateral targeting of HIV‐1 virions. Substitutions of the membrane‐proximal tyrosine did not appear to affect incorporation of envelope glycoprotein into the virions, as assayed by virion infectivity and protein content, nor its capability to ensure its role in viral infection, as determined by viral multiplication kinetics. Altogether, these results indicate that the intracytoplasmic domain of the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein harbors a unique, tyrosine‐based, basolateral targeting signal. Such a tyrosine‐based targeting signal may play a fundamental role in HIV transmission and pathogenesis.
Animated Images: A New Tool for Web-Based Anthropology

In its effects on anthropology, the internet has come in two waves. The first, beginning in the early 1980s, was email. Email has been an enormous convenience but it has not been responsible for substantial changes in the articles and books that are the principal end-products of anthropological research. The second wave, first sighted 3 years ago and just now crashing to shore, is the worldwide web. It is quickly become clear that the worldwide web does not merely offer a more convenient way to do business as usual, but a means to create qualitatively different scholarly products. A recent review of anthropological resources on the internet, published simultaneously in hard copy (Schwimmer 1996a) and on a journal web web page (Schwimmer 1996b), exemplifies one property unique to web-based scholarship: the ability to provide instant access to sources being discussed. Here I describe another: dynamic graphics, or "moving pictures", which offer a unique means of depicting complex, sequential, or spatial patterns that are often a topic of anthropological study. Known as "animated GIF" files, these graphics are relatively easy to construct, and are viewable by common web browsers.
Characterization saprobic fungi on leaf litter of two species of trees in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Abstract We investigated the composition and structure of fungal communities associated with leaf litter generated by Clusia nemorosa and Vismia guianensis that belong to phylogenetically-related botanical families and exist together in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Brazil. Samplings were conducted during wet (June 2011) and dry (January 2013) seasons in Serra da Jibóia. The fungi were isolated using particle filtration and the 1,832 isolates represented 92 taxa. The wet season yielded the largest number of isolates (1,141) and taxa (76) compared with the dry season (641 isolates and 37 taxa). The richness and diversity of fungal species associated with C. nemorosa (64 taxa, Simpson=0.95)were higher compared with those of V.guianensis (59 taxa, Simpson =0.90). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed significant variations in the composition and community structure of fungi isolated from the two plants as a function of seasons. In contrast, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis show that the seasonality was an important influence on the distribution of fungal species. However, the populations of the saprobic fungal communities were dynamic, and several factors may influence such communities in the Atlantic Forest.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Pleural Fluid Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor in Patients with Tuberculous Pleural Effusion

1. Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Student of Medicine, Students’ Scientfic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Pathology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 5. Student of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Deciphering the role of CA1 inhibitory circuits in sharp wave-ripple complexes

Sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) are population oscillatory patterns in hippocampal LFPs during deep sleep and immobility, involved in the replay of memories acquired during wakefulness. SWRs have been extensively studied, but their exact generation mechanism is still unknown. A computational model has suggested that fast perisomatic inhibition may generate the high frequency ripples (~200 Hz). Another model showed how replay of memories can be controlled by various classes of inhibitory interneurons targeting specific parts of pyramidal cells (PC) and firing at particular SWR phases. Optogenetic studies revealed new roles for interneuronal classes and rich dynamic interplays between them, shedding new light in their potential role in SWRs. Here, we integrate these findings in a conceptual model of how dendritic and somatic inhibition may collectively contribute to the SWR generation. We suggest that sharp wave excitation and basket cell (BC) recurrent inhibition synchronises BC spiking in ripple frequencies. This rhythm is imposed on bistratified cells which prevent pyramidal bursting. Axo-axonic and stratum lacunosum/moleculare interneurons are silenced by inhibitory inputs originating in the medial septum. PCs receiving rippling inhibition in both dendritic and perisomatic areas and excitation in their apical dendrites, exhibit sparse ripple phase-locked spiking.