Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of unwanted pregnancies using logistic regression, probit regression and discriminant analysis

Background: Unwanted pregnancy not intended by at least one of the parents has undesirable consequences for the family and the society. In the present study, three classification models were used and compared to predict unwanted pregnancies in an urban population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 887 pregnant mothers referring to health centers in Khorramabad, Iran, in 2012 were selected by the stratified and cluster sampling; relevant variables were measured and for prediction of unwanted pregnancy, logistic regression, discriminant analysis, and probit regression models and SPSS software version 21 were used. To compare these models, indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, the area under the ROC curve, and the percentage of correct predictions were used. Results: The prevalence of unwanted pregnancies was 25.3%. The logistic and probit regression models indicated that parity and pregnancy spacing, contraceptive methods, household income and number of living male children were related to unwanted pregnancy. The performance of the models based on the area under the ROC curve was 0.735, 0.733, and 0.680 for logistic regression, probit regression, and linear discriminant analysis, respectively. Conclusion: Given the relatively high prevalence of unwanted pregnancies in Khorramabad, it seems necessary to revise family planning programs. Despite the similar accuracy of the models, if the researcher is interested in the interpretability of the results, the use of the logistic regression model is recommended.
Indirect Effects of One Plant Pathogen on the Transmission of a Second Pathogen and the Behavior of Its Potato Psyllid Vector

ABSTRACT Plant pathogens can influence the behavior and performance of insect herbivores. Studies of these associations typically focus on tripartite interactions between a plant host, a plant pathogen, and its insect vector. An unrelated herbivore or pathogen might influence such interactions. This study used a model system consisting of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli Sulc, and tomatoes to investigate multipartite interactions among a pathogen, a nonvector, and a plant host, and determine whether shifts in host physiology were behind potential interactions. Additionally, the ability of TMV to affect the success of another pathogen, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,’ which is transmitted by the psyllid, was studied. In choice trials, psyllids preferred nearly fourfold noninfected plants to TMV-infected plants. No-choice bioassays demonstrated that there was no difference in psyllid development between TMV-infected and control plants; oviposition was twice as high on control plants. Following inoculation by psyllids, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ titers were lower in TMVinfected plants than control plants. TMV-infected plants had lower levels of amino acids and sugars but little differences in phenolics and terpenoids, relative to control plants. Possibly, these changes in sugars are associated with a reduction in psyllid attractiveness in TMV-infected tomatoes resulting in decreased infection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. ’
Interaction of Concrete Creep, Shrinkage and Swelling with Water, Hydration, and Damage: Nano-Macro-Chemo

It has generally been accepted that the volume of cement hydration products is slightly smaller than the original volume of cement and water. However, this does not mean that the hydration reaction causes the hardened cement paste and concrete to contract. In fact, calcium-silicate-hydrant (C-S-H) shells that grow around anhydrous cement grains push the neighbors apart by crystallization pressure and thus cause the solid framework of cement paste to expand. Proposed here is a new idea—this expansion always dominates over the contraction, i.e., the hydration is, in the bulk, always expansive, while the source of all of the observed shrinkage, whether autogenous or due to external drying, is a compressive elastic strain in the solid caused by a decrease of chemical potential of pore water, with the corresponding changes in pore humidity, surface tension and disjoining pressure. From recent observations of autogenous shrinkage growing logarithmically in time over many years it follows that the growing C-S-H shells surrounding cement grains must act as diffusion barriers for water and ions, which slow down the hydration process and can extend it over many years and even decades. The new idea implies that all of the autogenous shrinkage must be caused by elastic compression (probably with no, or almost no, creep) of crystalline nano-sheets in the solid framework subjected to stresses that arise as a reaction to pore water stresses. Swelling under water immersion is explained by insufficient elastic compression when water is permanently supplied to the pores. The lecture first presents the aforementioned theory and then summarizes some recent advances in related phenomena, particularly a model for oriented damage due to alkali-silica reaction and a method for shrinkage extrapolation.
Prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV antibody, in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, 1993-1994

To evaluate the respective part of HIV-1, HIV-2 and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection in Fortaleza, the principal city of the Ceara state (Northeast of Brazil), a cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted from July 1993 to February 1994 in 6 selected groups: pregnant women, tuberculosis (Tb) patients, sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients, female and male commercial sex workers (CSWs) and prisoners. Sera were screened by Mixt HIV-1/HIV-2 commercial enzyme immunoassay and ELISA HTLV I/II. Each serum found positive by ELISA was confirmed by Western blot. A total of 2917 persons were interviewed, of whom 2754 (94.4%) agreed to participate and gave a blood sample. Twenty-eight were found to be HIV-1 antibody positive. The prevalence ranged from 0.25% in pregnant women to 2.9% in male CSWs. The prevalence was 1% in STD patients and 0.44% in Tb patients. None of the sera was found positive for HIV-2. The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I varied from 0.12% in pregnant women to 1.21% in female CSWs. Five sera were positive for HTLV-II. These results confirm the hypothesis that the HIV epidemic in Northeastern Brazil is still limited to high risk groups. Repeated cross-sectional surveys of this type should be performed as a surveillance tool to study the dynamics of this epidemic in low prevalence areas. Defining risk factors should allow targeting of intervention strategies.
Variable Solitary Fibrous Tumor Locations

AbstractThe aim of the study is to describe the radiological imaging features of different solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) locations and present histopathological correlations.From 2007 to 2013, 20 cases of histologically confirmed that SFTs were retrospectively analyzed with computed tomography (CT; 9/20), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 5/20), or both CT and MRI (6/20). All 20 SFTs were well defined, lobular, soft-tissue masses, and 60% were located outside of the pleura. One pleural case invaded to the 10th thoracic vertebra and had lung metastases. Images revealed 11 heterogeneous lesions that exceeded 3.0 ± 0.203 cm along the greatest axis with patchy necrotic foci, and 9 homogeneous lesions <3.0 ± 0.203. Microscopically, all SFTs were proliferative spindle cells with varying degrees of fibrosis and interspersed vessel branching. Cells were strongly immunopositive for CD34.Here we review variable imaging findings of SFTs, which can be within the pleura as well as within other serosal tissues such as the meninges and postperitoneum. SFTs > 3.0 ± 0.203 cm along the greatest axis appeared to be mixed patterns, whereas SFTs < 3.0 ± 0.203 cm had isodense appearances. SFTs cells were CD34 immunopositive and surgery was a first-line treatment choice.
First aid normobaric oxygen for the treatment of recreational diving injuries.

INTRODUCTION First aid oxygen (FAO2) has been widely used as an emergency treatment for diving injuries, but there are few studies supporting its efficacy. METHODS 2,231 sequential diving injury reports collected by the Divers Alert Network (DAN) Injury database from 1998 to 2003 were examined. RESULTS 47% (1,045) of cases received FAO2. The median time to FAO2 treatment after surfacing was four hours and after symptom onset was 2.2 hours. Persistent complete relief (14%) or improvement (51%) was seen with FAO2 alone (65% overall response; n = 330). After one recompression treatment 67% of FAO2 patients reported complete relief compared to 58% of the no FAO2 group (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 -1.8). FAO2 given at any time after surfacing significantly reduced the odds of multiple recompression treatments (OR = 0.83, 0.70-0.98). When FAO2 was given within 4 hours of surfacing, the OR decreased to 0.50 (0.36-0.69) yielding a number needed to treat of 6. Case severity affected urgency of FAO2 treatment. Individuals with more prominent symptoms received prompt treatment. Cardiopulmonary, skin, and serious neurological symptoms had shorter delays to FAO2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FAO2 increased recompression efficacy and decreased the number of recompression treatments required if given within four hours after surfacing.
EQUIVALENCE OF FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGNS

Two designs for a fractional factorial experiment are equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by reordering the treatment combinations, relabeling the factors and relabeling the factor levels. Designs can be viewed as sets of points in p- dimensional space, where p is the number of factors. It is shown that, in this setting, two designs are equivalent if the Hamming distances between the points are the same in all possible dimensions. An algorithm is given, based on this representation, that can detect distinct designs for 2 p experiments without a complete search of all reorderings and relabelings in the fraction. In addition, if two designs are equivalent, the algorithm gives a set of permutations which map one design to the other.
Automatic Processing of Emotional Words in the Absence of Awareness: The Critical Role of P2

It has been long debated to what extent emotional words can be processed in the absence of awareness. Behavioral studies have shown that the meaning of emotional words can be accessed even without any awareness. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that emotional words that are unconsciously presented do not activate the brain regions involved in semantic or emotional processing. To clarify this point, we used continuous flash suppression (CFS) and event-related potential (ERP) techniques to distinguish between semantic and emotional processing. In CFS, we successively flashed some Mondrian-style images into one participant's eye steadily, which suppressed the images projected to the other eye. Negative, neutral, and scrambled words were presented to 16 healthy participants for 500 ms. Whenever the participants saw the stimuli—in both visible and invisible conditions—they pressed specific keyboard buttons. Behavioral data revealed that there was no difference in reaction time to negative words and to neutral words in the invisible condition, although negative words were processed faster than neutral words in the visible condition. The ERP results showed that negative words elicited a larger P2 amplitude in the invisible condition than in the visible condition. The P2 component was enhanced for the neutral words compared with the scrambled words in the visible condition; however, the scrambled words elicited larger P2 amplitudes than the neutral words in the invisible condition. These results suggest that the emotional processing of words is more sensitive than semantic processing in the conscious condition. Semantic processing was found to be attenuated in the absence of awareness. Our findings indicate that P2 plays an important role in the unconscious processing of emotional words, which highlights the fact that emotional processing may be automatic and prioritized compared with semantic processing in the absence of awareness.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Low QRS Voltages in Cardiac AL Amyloidosis

In cardiac AL amyloidosis, myocardial infiltration is typically associated with “low QRS voltages” at the 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Although considered as one of the hallmarks of the disease, its reported prevalence varies from 45% to 70%, mainly because of nonhomogeneous definitions.
Cloth Motion Capture

Recent years have seen an increased interest in motion capture systems. Current systems, however, are limitedto only a few degrees of freedom, so that effectively only the motion of linked rigid bodies can be acquired. Wepresent a system for the capture of deformable surfaces, most notably moving cloth, including both geometry andparameterisation. We recover geometry using stereo correspondence, and use the Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) to identify an arbitrary pattern printed on the cloth, even in the presence of fast motion. We describea novel seed‐and‐grow approach to adapt the SIFT algorithm to deformable geometry. Finally, we interpolatefeature points to parameterise the complete geometry.
Paricalcitol and Endothelial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Trial

Altered vitamin D metabolism and low levels of the active form of this vitamin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is still no randomized controlled trial testing the effect of active forms of vitamin D on vascular function in patients with CKD. Paricalcitol and ENdothelial fuNction in chronic kidneY disease (PENNY) is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01680198) testing the effect of an active form of vitamin D, paricalcitol (2 &mgr;g/d×12 weeks) on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in 88 patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD and parathormone >65 pg/mL (paricalcitol, n=44; placebo, n=44). Paricalcitol treatment reduced parathormone (−75 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval, –90 to –60), whereas parathormone showed a small rise during placebo (21 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval, 5–36). Blood pressure did not change in both study arms. Baseline flow-mediated dilation was identical in patients on paricalcitol (3.6±2.9%) and placebo (3.6±2.9%) groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, flow-mediated dilation rose in the paricalcitol but not in the placebo group, and the between-group difference in flow-mediated dilation changes (the primary end point, 1.8%; 95% confidence interval, 0.3–3.1%) was significant (P=0.016), and the mean proportional change in flow-mediated dilation was 61% higher in paricalcitol-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients. Such an effect was abolished 2 weeks after stopping the treatment. No effect of paricalcitol on endothelium-independent vasodilatation was registered. Paricalcitol improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD. Findings in this study support the hypothesis that vitamin D may exert favorable effects on the cardiovascular system in patients with CKD.
Separating Pants Decompositions in the Pants Complex

We study the topological types of pants decompositions of a surface by associating to any pants decomposition $P,$ in a natural way its pants decomposition graph, $\Gamma(P). $ This perspective provides a convenient way to analyze the maximum distance in the pants complex of any pants decomposition to a pants decomposition containing a non-trivial separating curve for all surfaces of finite type. In the main theorem we provide an asymptotically sharp approximation of this non-trivial distance in terms of the topology of the surface. In particular, for closed surfaces of genus $g$ we show the maximum distance in the pants complex of any pants decomposition to a pants decomposition containing a separating curve grows asymptotically like the function $\log(g). $
Compound extremes in a changing climate – a Markov chain approach

Abstract. Studies using climate models and observed trends indicate that extreme weather has changed and may continue to change in the future. The potential impact of extreme events such as heat waves or droughts depends not only on their number of occurrences but also on "how these extremes occur", i.e., the interplay and succession of the events. These quantities are quite unexplored, for past changes as well as for future changes and call for sophisticated methods of analysis. To address this issue, we use Markov chains for the analysis of the dynamics and succession of multivariate or compound extreme events. We apply the method to observational data (1951–2010) and an ensemble of regional climate simulations for central Europe (1971–2000, 2021–2050) for two types of compound extremes, heavy precipitation and cold in winter and hot and dry days in summer. We identify three regions in Europe, which turned out to be likely susceptible to a future change in the succession of heavy precipitation and cold in winter, including a region in southwestern France, northern Germany and in Russia around Moscow. A change in the succession of hot and dry days in summer can be expected for regions in Spain and Bulgaria. The susceptibility to a dynamic change of hot and dry extremes in the Russian region will probably decrease.
An fMRI Study Exploring the Overlap and Differences between Neural Representations of Physical and Recalled Pain

Implementing a recall paradigm without hypnosis, we use functional MRI (fMRI) to explore and compare nociceptive and centrally-driven pain experiences. We posit that a trace of a recent nociceptive event can be used to create sensory-re-experiencing of pain that can be qualified in terms of intensity and vividness. Fifteen healthy volunteers received three levels of thermal stimuli (warm, low pain and high pain) and subsequently were asked to recall and then rate this experience. Neuroimaging results reveal that recalling a previous sensory experience activates an extensive network of classical pain processing structures except the contralateral posterior insular cortex. Nociceptive-specific activation of this structure and the rated intensity difference between physical and recalled pain events allow us to investigate the link between the quality of the original nociceptive stimulus and the mental trace, as well as the differences between the accompanying neural responses. Additionally, by incorporating the behavioural ratings, we explored which brain regions were separately responsible for generating either an accurate or vivid recall of the physical experience. Together, these observations further our understanding of centrally-mediated pain experiences and pain memory as well as the potential relevance of these factors in the maintenance of chronic pain.
Nucleotide sequence of the Pseudomonas fluorescens signal peptidase II gene (lsp) and flanking genes

The lsp gene encoding prolipoprotein signal peptidase (signal peptidase II) is organized into an operon consisting of ileS and three open reading frames, designated genes x, orf149, and orf316 in both Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. A plasmid, pBROC128, containing a 5.8-kb fragment of Pseudomonas fluorescens DNA was found to confer pseudomonic acid resistance on E. coli host cells and to contain the structural gene of ileS from P. fluorescens. In addition, E. coli strains carrying pBROC128 exhibited increased globomycin resistance. This indicated that the P. fluorescens lsp gene was present on the plasmid. The nucleotide sequences of the P. fluorescens lsp gene and of its flanking regions were determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the lsp genes in E. coli and P. fluorescens revealed two highly conserved domains in this enzyme. Furthermore, the five genes which constitute an operon in E. coli and Enterobacter aerogenes were found in P. fluorescens in the same order as in the first two species.
Profile of the circulating DNA in apparently healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) have been shown to have diagnostic utility in human diseases. The aim of this study was to sequence and organize CNAs to document typical profiles of circulating DNA in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS Serum DNA from 51 apparently healthy humans was extracted, amplified, sequenced via pyrosequencing (454 Life Sciences/Roche Diagnostics), and categorized by (a) origin (human vs xenogeneic), (b) functionality (repeats, genes, coding or noncoding), and (c) chromosomal localization. CNA results were compared with genomic DNA controls (n = 4) that were subjected to the identical procedure. RESULTS We obtained 4.5 x 10(5) sequences (7.5 x 10(7) nucleotides), of which 87% were attributable to known database sequences. Of these sequences, 97% were genomic, and 3% were xenogeneic. CNAs and genomic DNA did not differ with respect to sequences attributable to repeats, genes, RNA, and protein-coding DNA sequences. CNA tended to have a higher proportion of short interspersed nuclear element sequences (P = 0.1), of which Alu sequences were significant (P < 0.01). CNAs had a significantly lower proportion of L1 and L2 long interspersed nuclear element sequences (P < 0.01). In addition, hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F sequences were found in an individual accidentally evaluated as a healthy control. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of CNAs with genomic DNA suggests that nonspecific DNA release is not the sole origin for CNAs. The CNA profiling of healthy individuals we have described, together with the detailed biometric analysis, provides the basis for future studies of patients with specific diseases. Furthermore, the detection of previously unknown HBV infection suggests the capability of this method to uncover occult infections.
Undernutrition of rats during early life does not affect the total number of cortical neurons

Undernutrition during early life is known to cause deficits and distortions in brain structure. However, it remains uncertain whether this includes a diminution of the total numbers of neurons. Recent advances in stereological techniques have made it possible to obtain unbiased estimates of total numbers of cells in well‐defined biological structures. Rats were undernourished from day 16 of gestation to 30 postnatal days of age by standardized procedures. These rats and well‐fed control rats were anaesthetized and killed by intracardiac perfusion with fixatives at 70 days of age. The left cerebral hemisphere from each animal was embedded in Paraplast and serially sectioned. The sections were analyzed via the Cavalieri principle to obtain the total cortical volume and by the “disector” method to estimate the numerical density of neurons in the cortex. These values were later used to compute estimates of the total number of cortical neurons for each animal. Well‐fed control rats had 26.9 million cortical neurons, while the previously undernourished animals had 24.8 million. The difference between these two groups was not statistically significant. It therefore appears that undernutrition of rats during early postnatal life does not affect the total numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.