Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Media Review: Books: Attachment and Loss, Separation: Anxiety and Anger

ordinary schools, any neighborhood or city or setting where windows are barred, where people are in fear, where each man seeks his escape (as each may find his escape in terms that are not always happy or healthy). He admits that he is more helpful on analysis than solution. He raises a lot of serious questions. If any progress is going to be made in the humanization of the mentally retarded, it will come not from devising new answers to old questions but rather from asking a whole new set of questions, for example:
Electromagnetic Dyadic Green's Functions in Spectral Domain for Multilayered Cylinders

Dyadic Green's function (DGF), as an electromagnetic response of dielectric medium or the field contributed due to a delta source, is quite useful to solve electromagnetic boundary-value problems. DGFs for multilayered structures are of particular interest to many engineers and scientists because of its better accuracy in modelling practical problems. Cylindrically multilayered medium is one of the most common structures used in practice, and the DGF for such a medium was recently published by Xiang and Lu [1]. However, it is found that there are some critical mistakes made and certain constraints assumed in the representation of the DGFs and their coefficients. The present paper serves as an amendment of [1] so as to avoid possible misleading of readers.
Lipoprotein Lipase and PPAR Alpha Gene Polymorphisms, Increased Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels, and Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Levels as Risk Markers for the Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum

In visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic areas, a minority of infected individuals progress to disease since most of them develop protective immunity. Therefore, we investigated the risk markers of VL within nonimmune sector. Analyzing infected symptomatic and, asymptomatic, and noninfected individuals, VL patients presented with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triacylglycerol (TAG), and elevated very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. A polymorphism analysis of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene using HindIII restriction digestion (N = 156 samples) (H+ = the presence and H− = the absence of mutation) revealed an increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) of VL versus noninfected individuals when the H+/H+ was compared with the H−/H− genotype (OR = 21.3; 95% CI = 2.32–3335.3; P = 0.003). The H+/H+ genotype and the H+ allele were associated with elevated VLDL-C and TAG levels (P < 0.05) and reduced HDL-C levels (P < 0.05). An analysis of the L162V polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gene (n = 248) revealed an increased adjusted OR when the Leu/Val was compared with the Leu/Leu genotype (OR = 8.77; 95% CI = 1.41–78.70; P = 0.014). High TAG (P = 0.021) and VLDL-C (P = 0.023) levels were associated with susceptibility to VL, whereas low HDL (P = 0.006) levels with resistance to infection. The mutated LPL and the PPARα Leu/Val genotypes may be considered risk markers for the development of VL.
Clinical features of TBK1 carriers compared with C9orf72, GRN and non-mutation carriers in a Belgian cohort

Loss-of-function mutations in TBK1 have been identified in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Van Mossevelde et al. compare TBK1-mutation carriers with FTD, ALS or FTD-ALS to patients carrying GRN or C9orf72 mutations. Differences are seen in age of onset, extrapyramidal symptoms, and in memory, language and behaviour.
On improving the efficiency and manageability of NotVia

This paper presents techniques that improve the efficiency and manageability of an IP Fast Reroute (IPFRR) technology: NotVia. NotVia provides the IPFRR service for all destinations in an ISP's network upon any single link or node failure, while previous proposals such as Loop-free Alternates (LFA) can not guarantee this level of coverage. However, NotVia increases the computational and memory costs of the IPFRR service, and poses new challenges to network management, as routers are unaware of the links and nodes (hence the amount of traffic) that they actually protect. This paper introduces three techniques: NotVia aggregation, prioritized NotVia computation, and the rNotVia algorithm that collectively reduce the overhead of NotVia and improve its manageability. We use simulations to evaluate these techniques on real ISP topologies as well as on randomly generated topologies. The results show that the computational and memory overhead of NotVia are reduced to a fraction of their previous values on various topologies, suggesting that the techniques proposed in this paper make NotVia a more efficient and easy-to-manage IPFRR solution.
Neuromorphic accelerators: A comparison between neuroscience and machine-learning approaches

A vast array of devices, ranging from industrial robots to self-driven cars or smartphones, require increasingly sophisticated processing of real-world input data (image, voice, radio, …). Interestingly, hardware neural network accelerators are emerging again as attractive candidate architectures for such tasks. The neural network algorithms considered come from two, largely separate, domains: machine-learning and neuroscience. These neural networks have very different characteristics, so it is unclear which approach should be favored for hardware implementation. Yet, few studies compare them from a hardware perspective. We implement both types of networks down to the layout, and we compare the relative merit of each approach in terms of energy, speed, area cost, accuracy and functionality. Within the limit of our study (current SNN and machine learning NN algorithms, current best effort at hardware implementation efforts, and workloads used in this study), our analysis helps dispel the notion that hardware neural network accelerators inspired from neuroscience, such as SNN+STDP, are currently a competitive alternative to hardware neural networks accelerators inspired from machine-learning, such as MLP+BP: not only in terms of accuracy, but also in terms of hardware cost for realistic implementations, which is less expected. However, we also outline that SNN+STDP carry potential for reduced hardware cost compared to machine-learning networks at very large scales, if accuracy issues can be controlled (or for applications where they are less important). We also identify the key sources of inaccuracy of SNN+STDP which are less related to the loss of information due to spike coding than to the nature of the STDP learning algorithm. Finally, we outline that for the category of applications which require permanent online learning and moderate accuracy, SNN+STDP hardware accelerators could be a very cost-efficient solution.
Tracking the impact of environment on the galaxy stellar mass function up to z ~ 1 in the 10 k zCOSMOS sample

We study the impact of the environment on the evolution of galaxies in the zCOSMOS 10 k sample in the redshift range 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 1.0 over an area of ~1.5 deg^2. The considered sample of secure spectroscopic redshifts contains about 8500 galaxies, with their stellar masses estimated by SED fitting of the multiwavelength optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometry. The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) in high and low density regions provides a tool to study the mass assembly evolution in different environments; moreover, the contributions to the GSMF from different galaxy types, as defined by their SEDs and their morphologies, can be quantified. At redshift z ~ 1, the GSMF is only slightly dependent on environment, but at lower redshifts the shapes of the GSMFs in high- and low-density environments become extremely different, with high density regions exhibiting a marked bimodality, not reproducible by a single Schechter function. As a result of this analysis, we infer that galaxy evolution depends on both the stellar mass and the environment, the latter setting the probability of a galaxy to have a given mass: all the galaxy properties related to the stellar mass show a dependence on environment, reflecting the difference observed in the mass functions. The shapes of the GSMFs of early- and late-type galaxies are almost identical for the extremes of the density contrast we consider, ranging from isolated galaxies to rich group members. The evolution toward z = 0 of the transition mass M_(cross), i.e., the mass at which the early- and late-type GSMFs match each other, is more rapid in high density environments, because of a difference in the evolution of the normalisation of GSMFs compared to the total one in the considered environment. The same result is found by studying the relative contributions of different galaxy types, implying that there is a more rapid evolution in overdense regions, in particular for intermediate stellar masses. The rate of evolution is different for sets of galaxy types divided on the basis of their SEDs or their morphologies, tentatively suggesting that the migration from the blue cloud to the red sequence occurs on a shorter timescale than the transformation from disc-like morphologies to ellipticals. Our analysis suggests that environmental mechanisms of galaxy transformation start to be more effective at z < 1. The comparison of the observed GSMFs to the same quantities derived from a set of mock catalogues based on semi-analytical models shows disagreement, in both low and high density environments: in particular, blue galaxies in sparse environments are overproduced in the semi-analytical models at intermediate and high masses, because of a deficit of star formation suppression, while at z < 0.5 an excess of red galaxies is present in dense environments at intermediate and low masses, because of the overquenching of satellites.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Türk Eğitim Sistemine İlişkin Algılarının Metaforlar Yoluyla Analizi

Pre-service teachers perceptions of Turkish Education System with which they will be charged is of vital importance, since it may affect their viewpoints on the profession, level of motivation and professional practice. This study aims to reveal pre-service teachers perceptions of Turkish Education System in which they are going to take part, through metaphors. Sample group of the study is consisted of 192 students from both formal and evening education took the course of “Turkish Education System and School Management” in the departments of Primary Education with Mathematics, Social Sciences, Computer Sciences and Instructional Technologies of Fatih Faculty of Education in Karadeniz Technical University. Demographic information of the pre-service teachers were examined with a semi-structured form and in order to gather the data each student were asked to fill in the blanks of the following sentence: “Turkish Education System is like …; because … ”. The metaphors that pre-service teachers used in order to express their perceptions of Turkish Education System and the cognitive categories in which these metaphors can be distinguished are examined on the basis of the data gathered. Qualitative analysis techniques were implemented in the analysis of data of the study. It is observed in this study that pre-service teachers created 125 metaphors and these metaphors can be gathered into 7 categories. According to the findings of the study, metaphors can be used as a strong searching device to find out, understand and clarify teacher candidate’s personal perceptions of the concept of “Turkish Education System”.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Perceptions of Intelligence in Leaderless Groups: the Dynamic Effects of Shyness and Acquaintance

Perceptions of intelligence were investigated in 2 longitudinal studies of leaderless discussion groups (LDGs). In Study 1 (N = 87), students completed trait-shyness questionnaires and met 7 times in groups of 4-5. After Meetings 2 and 7, participants rated all group members on state shyness and intelligence. Trait-shy participants were initially judged to be less intelligent on both self-and peer ratings. At Time 2, however, trait-shy participants were no longer derogated by peers. Study 2 (N = 103) replicated the same pattern of shy derogation while demonstrating no actual relation between IQ and trait shyness. Again, trait-shy derogation disappeared by Time 2, but state-shy derogation continued, The state shy were now the low-IQ participants, who had begun to talk less. Thus, the bias against quiet individuals, originally inappropriate, gradually became a valid cue for low intelligence. Results were traced to overlapping cues for intelligence and shyness in LDGs. Shyness I has been linked to a cascade of negative consequences. Moreover , shyness is inversely related to such positive sequelae as dating frequency and satisfaction, number of friends, and level of self-disclosure to friends (Jones & Briggs, 1984). In a longitudinal study, Caspi, Elder, and Bem(1988) found that shy men married later, had less stable marriages, and became parents later than nonshy men; they were also delayed in settling into a career, which limited their overall career achievement. In short, trait shyness is associated with impairments in self-concept, personal relationships, and career success. There is reason to believe that the plight of shy people is due, at least in part, to unwarranted negative perceptions of their intellectual abilities. Little is known, however, about which abilities are derogated and why. In this report, we pursued the possibility that this ability derogation of shy persons is limited to unfamiliar perceivers in socially demanding contexts. To this end, we examined perceptions of shy persons' abilities in a demanding social situation, namely, leaderless discussion groups. Perceptions of Shy Persons' Intellectual Abilities Although there is some evidence to justify a negative view of their social skills (e.g., Meleshko & Alden, 1993), the derogation of shy individuals appears to overgeneralize to other eval-uative domains. Of particular interest here are several studies Electronic mail may be sent via the Internet to delpl @unixg.ubc. ca. 581 reporting a derogation of shy persons' intellectual abilities. For example, trained interviewers rated shy individuals as less intellectually competent than their nonshy counterparts (Gough …
INVESTIGATING THE NATURE OF IGR J17454–2919 USING X-RAY AND NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS

IGR J17454−2919 is a hard X-ray transient discovered by INTEGRAL on 2014 September 27. We report on our 20 ks Chandra observation of the source, performed about five weeks after the discovery, as well as on INTEGRAL and Swift long-term monitoring observations. X-ray broad-band spectra of the source are compatible with an absorbed power law, Γ ∼ ? > 1.6–1.8, N H ∼ ? > (10–12) × 10 22 cm − 2 ? > , with no trace of a cut-off in the data up to about 100 keV, and with an average absorbed 0.5–100 keV flux of about (7.1–9.7) × 10 − 10 erg cm − 2 s − 1 ? > . With Chandra, we determine the most accurate X-ray position of IGR J17454−2919, &agr; J 2000 ? > = 17h45m27. ˢ69, δ J 2000 ? > = −29° 19 ′ ? > 53 &farcs; 8 ? > (90% uncertainty of 0 &farcs; 6 ? > ), consistent with the NIR source 2MASS J17452768–2919534. We also include NIR investigations from our observations of the source field on 2014 October 6 with GROND. With the multi-wavelength information at hand, we discuss the possible nature of IGR J17454−2919.
Effect of Experimental Hand Pain on Training-Induced Changes in Motor Performance and Corticospinal Excitability

Pain influences plasticity within the sensorimotor system and the aim of this study was to assess the effect of pain on changes in motor performance and corticospinal excitability during training for a novel motor task. A total of 30 subjects were allocated to one of two groups (Pain, NoPain) and performed ten training blocks of a visually-guided isometric pinch task. Each block consisted of 15 force sequences, and subjects modulated the force applied to a transducer in order to reach one of five target forces. Pain was induced by applying capsaicin cream to the thumb. Motor performance was assessed by a skill index that measured shifts in the speed–accuracy trade-off function. Neurophysiological measures were taken from the first dorsal interosseous using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Overall, the Pain group performed better throughout the training (p = 0.03), but both groups showed similar improvements across training blocks (p < 0.001), and there was no significant interaction. Corticospinal excitability in the NoPain group increased halfway through the training, but this was not observed in the Pain group (Time × Group interaction; p = 0.01). These results suggest that, even when pain does not negatively impact on the acquisition of a novel motor task, it can affect training-related changes in corticospinal excitability.
Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy: Clinical and Angiographic Description of an Entity Different From Cerebral AVMs

Background and Purpose— The purpose of this article is to describe “cerebral proliferative angiopathy” (CPA) as a clinical entity, which may be regarded as separate from “classical” brain AVMs in angioarchitecture, natural history, clinical presentation, and, therefore, treatment and which can be discerned from other cerebral AVMs by characteristic imaging features. Methods— In a prospectively entered databank encompassing 1434 patients with brain AVMs, a subgroup of 49 patients harboring specific angiographic characteristics were identified. Their charts and imaging films were retrospectively reviewed. Results— We found a preponderance of CPA in young (mean age: 22) females (67%). Clinical symptoms were seizures, disabling headaches, and stroke-like symptoms; hemorrhagic presentations were exceptional. On cross-sectional imaging, CPA demonstrated as a diffuse network of densely enhancing vascular spaces with intermingled normal brain parenchyma. The discrepancy between the large size of the nidus and the small shunting volume, the absence of flow-related aneurysms, the presence of diffuse angiogenesis (eg, transdural supply, progressive arterial occlusion), and the small calibre of a multitude of feeding arteries and draining veins were the angiographic hallmarks of this disease. Conclusion— The diffuse angiogenetic activity is presumably related to reduced perinidal perfusion and subsequent chronic cortical ischemia. Natural history demonstrates a low risk of hemorrhage. CPA may be regarded as a separate clinical entity different to “classical” cerebral AVMs, because normal brain is interspersed with the abnormal vascular channels increasing the risk of neurological deficit in aggressive treatments, which in the light of the natural history does not seem to be indicated.
Binaural dichotic presentation to reduce the effects of spectral masking in moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of binaural dichotic presentation using comb filters with complementary magnitude responses, based on fixed bandwidth and auditory critical bandwidth, in improving speech perception by persons with moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and to assess its effect on localization of the sound source. Design and Study sample: Listening tests involving consonant recognition and source direction identification were conducted on six normal-hearing subjects under simulated hearing loss and on eleven subjects with moderate bilateral sensorineural loss in quiet. Results: The tests on normal-hearing subjects showed higher recognition scores and smaller response times for the comb filters based on the auditory critical bandwidth. The tests using these comb filters on the hearing-impaired subjects resulted in an increase of 14%–31% (mean: 22%) in recognition scores and a significant decrease in response times, with no significant effect on the identification of the direction of broadband sound sources. Conclusions: The results show that dichotic presentation may be useful for speech processing in binaural hearing aids.
Changes in postural control and vision induced by multiple sclerosis

Etude de la frequence critique de fusion et posturographie. Les caracteristiques temporelles de la vision ne sont pas modifiees de facon significative au cours de l'evolution de la maladie, alors que les oscillations posturales yeux fermes tendent a s'accroitre progressivement
TESTING A NEW LUMINOSITY/REDSHIFT ESTIMATOR OF GRBs

Using a generalized method, we have tested an estimator of luminosity/redshift proposed by Zhang et al. (2006a), in which relative spectral lag (RSL) is tightly related with luminosity and redshift, respectively. The derived luminosities from the new estimator are found to be comparable with the observed ones. For two different GRB samples, we have examined that there are no outliers violated the luminosity relation within 3 sigma confidence level. Several potential outliers for other luminosity relations are otherwise found to match the estimator well. These results suggest that the luminosity/redshift relation could be a potential tool for cosmological studies.
Early Preventive Dental Visits: Effects on Subsequent Utilization and Costs

Objective. To determine the effects of early preventive dental visits on subsequent utilization and costs of dental services among preschool-aged children. Design. This investigation studied North Carolina children who were enrolled continuously in Medicaid from birth for a 5-year period. Our research design was a longitudinal cohort study that relied on 4 large administrative datasets, including North Carolina composite birth records from 1992, Medicaid enrollment and claims files from 1992 to 1997, and the Area Resource File. Our outcome measures included type of use and dentally related costs. Results. Of the 53591 Medicaid-enrolled children born in 1992, 9204 were continuously enrolled for 5 years and met our inclusion criteria. Twenty-three children had their first preventive dental visit before 1 year of age, 249 between 1 and 2 years, 465 between 2 and 3 years, 915 between 3 and 4 years, and 823 between 4 and 5 years. Children who had their first preventive dental visit by age 1 were more likely to have subsequent preventive visits but were not more likely to have subsequent restorative or emergency visits. Those who had their first preventive visit at age 2 or 3 were more likely to have subsequent preventive, restorative, and emergency visits. The age at the first preventive dental visit had a significant positive effect on dentally related expenditures, with the average dentally related costs being less for children who received earlier preventive care. The average dentally related costs per child according to age at the first preventive visit were as follows: before age 1, $262; age 1 to 2, $339; age 2 to 3, $449; age 3 to 4, $492; age 4 to 5, $546. Conclusions. Our results should be interpreted cautiously, because of the potential for selection bias; however, we concluded that preschool-aged, Medicaid-enrolled children who had an early preventive dental visit were more likely to use subsequent preventive services and experience lower dentally related costs. In addition, children from racial minority groups had significantly more difficulty in finding access to dental care, as did those in counties with fewer dentists per population.