Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Visualization and Danjeon Breathing on Target Shooting with an Air Pistol

This investigation was conducted to assess which technique, visualization, Danjeon breathing, or a combination of these, would be most effective in enhancing target shooting with an air pistol. 48 college students (28 men, 20 women) were selected and randomly assigned to one of four groups (ns = 12): control, visualization, Danjeon breathing, and visualization plus Danjeon breathing. Data were analyzed by a 4 × 5 (groups x days) analysis of variance with repeated measures on days. Both the combination of visualization plus Danjeon breathing and the Danjeon breathing alone were significantly better than the control on most of the measures of shooting performance.
Variability in apraxia of speech: Perceptual analysis of monosyllabic word productions across repeated sampling times

Background: Variability in speech sound errors has been regarded as a primary characteristic of apraxia of speech (AOS). Early research deemed errors extremely unpredictable, resulting in a number of different error types on repeated productions of the same stimuli. However, recent research has suggested that errors may not be variable, but there are limited data regarding variability over time (i.e., beyond a single sampling occasion). Furthermore, the influence of conditions of stimulus presentation (i.e., blocked vs random) on sound errors remains unclear. Aims: The purpose of this investigation was to examine variability of sound errors in 11 individuals with AOS and aphasia. Of particular interest were the effects of repeated sampling and method of speech elicitation on the variability of error types as evaluated with narrow phonetic transcription. Methods & Procedures: A total of 28 monosyllabic words served as experimental stimuli. There were four exemplars for each of the seven initial target phonemes (i.e., /h, f, m, d, s, r, n/). Stimuli were elicited on three sampling occasions over a 7-day period with each sampling occasion separated by 2 days. At each sampling time productions were elicited under two conditions: blocked presentation (blocked by sound) and randomised presentation. Speech productions were analysed perceptually utilising narrow phonetic transcription. Outcomes & Results: Findings revealed a similar overall mean percentage of errors for the group in both conditions of stimulus presentation across the three sampling times. The target phoneme with the least number of errors was /h/. The target phoneme with the greatest number of errors was /s/. The predominant error type across target phonemes was distortions. However, the predominant error type varied across target phonemes and appeared to be influenced by number of errors. Conclusions: Repeated sampling or method of speech elicitation did not influence errors, with a similar overall mean percentage of errors for the group in both conditions of stimulus presentation across the three sampling times. Distortions were found to be the predominant error type for the majority of target sounds. A comparison of the number of error types produced by the group in each condition across the three sampling times found no obvious pattern of responding by the group in either condition for individual phonemes. That is, condition of elicitation did not appear to influence the variability of error type for any given sound.
Gender, Status, and Leadership

More than a trait of individuals, gender is an institutionalized system of social practices. The gender system is deeply entwined with social hierarchy and leadership because gender stereotypes contain status beliefs that associate greater status worthiness and competence with men than women. This review uses expectation states theory to describe how gender status beliefs create a network of constraining expectations and interpersonal reactions that is a major cause of the “glass ceiling. ” In mixed-sex or gender-relevant contexts, gender status beliefs shape men's and women's assertiveness, the attention and evaluation their performances receive, ability attributed to them on the basis of performance, the influence they achieve, and the likelihood that they emerge as leaders. Gender status beliefs also create legitimacy reactions that penalize assertive women leaders for violating the expected status order and reduce their ability to gain complaince with directives.
Effects of turbidity on the kelp Ecklonia radiata

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. v Co-authorship statements. xi CHAPTER I General Introduction. 1 1.1. Anthropogenic stressors and the coastal environment. 1 1.1.1. Turbidity and light. 1 1.2. Benthic primary producers. 2 1.2. 1. Light limitation in macroalgae. 3 1.2. 2. Light acclimation in macroalgae. 3 1.2. 3. Acclimation to low light. 4 1.3. Kelp forests. 5 1.3. 1. Ecological importance. 5 1.3. 2. Threats to kelp forests. 6 1.3. 3. Kelp forest productivity. 6 1.3. 4. Measuring productivity. 7 1.4. Ecklonia radiata. 8 1.4. 1. Distribution. 8 1.4. 2. Morphology. 8 1.4. 3. Light acclimation. 8 1.4. 4. Growth and productivity. 9 1.5. Study location – Hauraki Gulf, north-eastern New Zealand. 9 1.6. Thesis aim and outline. 10 1.6. 1. Thesis objectives. 12 CHAPTER II Morphological and photosynthetic acclimation of the kelp Ecklonia radiata across a turbidity gradient. 14
Vezatin, a novel transmembrane protein, bridges myosin VIIA to the cadherin–catenins complex

Defects in myosin VIIA are responsible for deafness in the human and mouse. The role of this unconventional myosin in the sensory hair cells of the inner ear is not yet understood. Here we show that the C‐terminal FERM domain of myosin VIIA binds to a novel transmembrane protein, vezatin, which we identified by a yeast two‐hybrid screen. Vezatin is a ubiquitous protein of adherens cell–cell junctions, where it interacts with both myosin VIIA and the cadherin–catenins complex. Its recruitment to adherens junctions implicates the C‐terminal region of α‐catenin. Taken together, these data suggest that myosin VIIA, anchored by vezatin to the cadherin–catenins complex, creates a tension force between adherens junctions and the actin cytoskeleton that is expected to strengthen cell–cell adhesion. In the inner ear sensory hair cells vezatin is, in addition, concentrated at another membrane–membrane interaction site, namely at the fibrillar links interconnecting the bases of adjacent stereocilia. In myosin VIIA‐defective mutants, inactivity of the vezatin–myosin VIIA complex at both sites could account for splaying out of the hair cell stereocilia.
The absolute Galois group acts faithfully on the connected components of the moduli space of surfaces of general type

We show that the Galois group $Gal(\bar{\Q} /\Q)$ operates faithfully on the set of connected components of the moduli spaces of surfaces of general type, and also that for each element $\sigma \in Gal(\bar{\Q} /\Q)$ different from the identity and from complex conjugation, there is a surface of general type such that $X$ and the Galois conjugate variety $X^{\sigma}$ have nonisomorphic fundamental groups. The result was announced by the second author at the Alghero Conference 'Topology of algebraic varieties' in september 2006. Before the present paper was actually written, we received a very interesting preprint by Robert Easton and Ravi Vakil (\cite{e-v}), where it is proven, with a completely different type of examples, that the Galois group $Gal(\bar{\Q} /\Q)$ operates faithfully on the set of irreducible components of the moduli spaces of surfaces of general type. We also give other simpler examples of surfaces with nonisomorphic fundamental groups which are Galois conjugate, hence have isomorphic algebraic fundamental groups.
German–Dutch Comparison of Factors of Psycholexically Derived Values

Two psycholexically based taxonomies of values found in Dutch and in German are compared, and a joint structure is presented. The datasets consisted of self- and other-ratings of 634 participants on 641 Dutch value descriptors and of self-ratings of 456 participants on 496 German value descriptors. For both taxonomies factor solutions with one up to 8 factors were extracted, and the hierarchy of the emergence of factors is given for each taxonomy. On the basis of 168 common items, congruencies are assessed between the original factors and as resulting from target rotations. Three different procedures are followed for the comparison, con- cluding in a recurrent 5-factor joint structure of values.
Chemical, physical, and theoretical kinetics of an ultrafast folding protein

An extensive set of equilibrium and kinetic data is presented and analyzed for an ultrafast folding protein—the villin subdomain. The equilibrium data consist of the excess heat capacity, tryptophan fluorescence quantum yield, and natural circular-dichroism spectrum as a function of temperature, and the kinetic data consist of time courses of the quantum yield from nanosecond-laser temperature-jump experiments. The data are well fit with three kinds of models—a three-state chemical-kinetics model, a physical-kinetics model, and an Ising-like theoretical model that considers 105 possible conformations (microstates). In both the physical-kinetics and theoretical models, folding is described as diffusion on a one-dimensional free-energy surface. In the physical-kinetics model the reaction coordinate is unspecified, whereas in the theoretical model, order parameters, either the fraction of native contacts or the number of native residues, are used as reaction coordinates. The validity of these two reaction coordinates is demonstrated from calculation of the splitting probability from the rate matrix of the master equation for all 105 microstates. The analysis of the data on site-directed mutants using the chemical-kinetics model provides information on the structure of the transition-state ensemble; the physical-kinetics model allows an estimate of the height of the free-energy barrier separating the folded and unfolded states; and the theoretical model provides a detailed picture of the free-energy surface and a residue-by-residue description of the evolution of the folded structure, yet contains many fewer adjustable parameters than either the chemical- or physical-kinetics models.
Activity of UK-49,858, a bis-triazole derivative, against experimental infections with Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The therapeutic potential of UK-49,858, a difluorophenyl bis-triazole derivative, has been assessed by evaluating its activity against systemic infections with Candida albicans in normal mice and rats and in mice with impaired defence mechanisms, against vaginal infections with C. albicans in mice, and against dermal infections with Trichophyton mentagrophytes in guinea pigs. Orally administered ketoconazole was used as a comparative agent throughout, and parenterally administered amphotericin B was included in the study of C. albicans systemic infection in normal mice. The activity of UK-49,858 given orally to mice or rats infected systemically with C. albicans was far superior to that of ketoconazole. In addition, UK-49,858 showed activity comparable to that of amphotericin B when given parenterally, although the latter gave more prolonged protection. UK-49,858 was also effective orally in curing experimental candidal vaginitis in mice and trichophytosis in guinea pigs, against which it was approximately 10 times more active than ketoconazole. These data suggest that UK-49,858 may be of value in the treatment of both C. albicans and dermatophyte fungal infections in man.
Regionally Specific Human GABA Concentration Correlates with Tactile Discrimination Thresholds

The neural mechanisms underlying variability in human sensory perception remain incompletely understood. In particular, few studies have attempted to investigate the relationship between in vivo measurements of neurochemistry and individuals' behavioral performance. Our previous work found a relationship between GABA concentration in the visual cortex and orientation discrimination thresholds (Edden et al., 2009). In the present study, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy of GABA and psychophysical testing of vibrotactile frequency thresholds to investigate whether individual differences in tactile frequency discrimination performance are correlated with GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex. Behaviorally, individuals showed a wide range of discrimination thresholds ranging from 3 to 7.6 Hz around the 25 Hz standard. These frequency discrimination thresholds were significantly correlated with GABA concentration (r = −0.58; p < 0.05) in individuals' sensorimotor cortex, but not with GABA concentration in an occipital control region (r = −0.04). These results demonstrate a link between GABA concentration and frequency discrimination in vivo, and support the hypothesis that GABAergic mechanisms have an important role to play in sensory discrimination.
A study of performance variations in the Mozilla Firefox web browser

In order to evaluate software performance and find regressions, many developers use automated performance tests. However, the test results often contain a certain amount of noise that is not caused by actual performance changes in the programs. They are instead caused by external factors like operating system decisions or unexpected non-determinisms inside the programs. This makes interpreting the test results difficult since results that differ from previous results cannot easily be attributed to either genuine changes or noise. In this paper we present an analysis of a subset of the various factors that are likely to contribute to this noise using the Mozilla Firefox browser as an example. In addition we present a statistical technique for identifying outliers in Mozilla's automatic testing framework. Our results show that a significant amount of noise is caused by memory randomization and other external factors, that there is variance in Firefox internals that does not seem to be correlated with test result variance, and that our suggested statistical forecasting technique can give more reliable detection of genuine performance changes than the one currently in use by Mozilla.
The role of nurses in preventing adverse events related to respiratory dysfunction: literature review.

AIMS This paper reports a literature review examining the relationship between specific clinical indicators of respiratory dysfunction and adverse events, and exploring the role of nurses in preventing adverse events related to respiratory dysfunction. BACKGROUND Adverse events in hospital are associated with poor patient outcomes such as increased mortality and permanent disability. Many of these adverse events are preventable and are preceded by a period during which the patient exhibits clearly abnormal physiological signs. The role of nurses in preserving physiological safety by early recognition and correction of physiological abnormality is a key factor in preventing adverse events. METHODS A search of the Medline and CINAHL databases was conducted using the following terms: predictors of poor outcome, adverse events, mortality, cardiac arrest, emergency, oxygen, supplemental oxygen, oxygen therapy, oxygen saturation, oxygen delivery, assessment, patient assessment, physical assessment, dyspnoea, hypoxia, hypoxaemia, respiratory assessment, respiratory dysfunction, shortness of breath and pulse oximetry. The papers reviewed were research papers that demonstrated a relationship between adverse events and various clinical indicators of respiratory dysfunction. RESULTS Respiratory dysfunction is a known clinical antecedent of adverse events such as cardiac arrest, need for medical emergency team activation and unplanned intensive care unit admission. The presence of respiratory dysfunction prior to an adverse event is associated with increased mortality. The specific clinical indicators involved are alterations in respiratory rate, and the presence of dyspnoea, hypoxaemia and acidosis. CONCLUSIONS The way in which nurses assess, document and use clinical indicators of respiratory dysfunction is influential in identifying patients at risk of an adverse event and preventing adverse events related to respiratory dysfunction. If such adverse events are to be prevented, nurses must not only be able to recognise and interpret signs of respiratory dysfunction, but must also take responsibility for initiating and evaluating interventions aimed at correcting respiratory dysfunction.
Genomic imbalances in CML blast crisis: 8q24.12–q24.13 Segment identified as a common region of over‐representation

The acute phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is accompanied by secondary chromosomal changes. The additional changes have a non‐random pattern; however, highly abnormal (marker) chromosomes are reported in some 20% of abnormal karyotypes. These marker chromosomes have proved to be beyond the resolution of conventional G‐banding analysis. We used molecular cytogenetic techniques to determine the structure of complex chromosome markers in 10 CML‐derived cell lines after our investigations of CML patients in blast crisis. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization identified a multitude of structural chromosome aberrations. In addition, genomic gains identified by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were mapped to highly complex marker chromosomes in more than one cell line. The most common genomic loss detected by CGH affected chromosome 9, whereas the most common genomic gains affected, in order of frequency, the sequences of 8q, 6, and 13q. The smallest discrete amplification on 8q was identified in cell line MEG‐01. This amplicon contains sequences represented by the marker D8S263/RMC08P029 but did not contain the proximal MYC gene or a more distal marker, D8S256/RMC08P025. We determined the size of the amplicon to be less than the chromosome segment 8q24.12–q24.13. The use of region‐ and locus‐specific probes to analyze the organization of highly complex marker structures aided the identification of preferentially amplified genomic regions. The resultant amplifications could harbor gene(s) driving disease progression. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimum Pseudo-Codewords of LDPC Codes

In this paper, we study the minimum pseudo-weight and minimum pseudo-codewords of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes under linear programming (LP) decoding. First, we show that the lower bound of Kelly, Sridhara, Xu and Rosenthal on the pseudo-weight of a pseudo-codeword of an LDPC code with girth greater than 4 is tight if and only if this pseudo-codeword is a real multiple of a codeword. Then, we show that the lower bound of Kashyap and Vardy on the stopping distance of an LDPC code is also a lower bound on the pseudo-weight of a pseudo-codeword of this LDPC code with girth 4, and this lower bound is tight if and only if this pseudo-codeword is a real multiple of a codeword. Using these results we further show that for some LDPC codes, there are no other minimum pseudo-codewords except the real multiples of minimum codewords. This means that LP decoding for these LDPC codes is asymptotically optimal in the sense that the ratio of the probabilities of decoding errors of LP decoding and maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding approaches to 1 as the signal-to-noise ratio leads to infinity. Finally, some LDPC codes are listed to illustrate these results
Usefulness of phase in speech processing

It is a common belief in speech community that the short-time phase spectrum plays very little (or, no) role in human perception tasks as well as in automatic speech recognition systems. In this paper, the usefulness of phase information is explored in human speech perception as well as in automatic speech recognition. Through human perception experiments, it is shown that the short-time phase spectrum (with widow size of 32 ms) contributes to speech intelligibility as much as the corresponding power spectrum. A representation based on frequencies of the speech signal derived from its short-time phase is developed and is found to be as good as cepstral representation (derived from power spectrum) for automatic speech recognition. Introduction Though speech is a non-stationary signal, it can be assumed to be quasi-stationary and, therefore, can be processed through a short-time Fourier analysis. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of speech signal s(t) is given by
Everolimus-Eluting Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Background—The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes after placement of the everolimus-eluting stent (EES; Xience V) and the sirolimus-eluting stent (SES; Cypher) in patients with coronary artery disease. The second-generation EES is currently one of the most commonly used drug-eluting stents in clinical practice. Although it has clearly been shown superior to paclitaxel-eluting stents, its relative merits against SES have been less extensively assessed. Methods and Results—We identified 5 eligible randomized trials comparing EES with SES in 7370 patients. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events. Secondary end points were cardiac death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and the composite of definite and probable stent thrombosis. Overall hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for EES versus SES for each of the end points. No heterogeneity across the trials was observed regarding the primary and secondary end points. The risk of major adverse cardiac events (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.08]; P=0.28), cardiac death (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.73 to 1.41]; P=0.92), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.35]; P=0.76), repeat revascularization (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.68 to 1.07]; P=0.16), and composite of definite and probable stent thrombosis (HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.27], P=0.33) were not significantly different between EES and SES. Conclusions—This meta-analysis did not show significant differences between EES and SES in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed to better define the relative merits of these drug-eluting stents.
Sometimes the Social Becomes Personal

All sociologists recognize that social constraints affect individuals’ outcomes. These effects are sometimes relatively direct. Other times constraints affect outcomes indirectly, first influencing individuals’ personal characteristics, which then affect their outcomes. In the latter case, the social becomes personal, and personal characteristics that are carried across situations (e.g., skills, habits, identities, worldviews, preferences, or values) affect individuals’ outcomes. I argue here for the importance of both direct and indirect effects of constraints on outcomes. I disagree with the tendency among sociologists to avoid views highlighting the role of personal characteristics because of the perception—incorrect in my view—that these explanations “blame the victim” and ignore constraints. To illustrate the importance of both types of mechanisms, I explore two empirical cases involving how gender and class structure sexualities. First, I show that young men engage in same-sex relations less than women and have more heterosexist attitudes, and I ask why. Second, I provide evidence that people from disadvantaged class backgrounds are especially likely to have unintended pregnancies and nonmarital births, and I explore why. In each case, I provide evidence that both kinds of mechanisms are operating—mechanisms entailing direct effects of constraints on outcomes, and mechanisms in which constraints shape personal characteristics, which, in turn, affect outcomes.