Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Permissions and Obligations

This article describes a formal semantics for the deontic concepts -- the concepts of permission and obligation -- which arises naturally from the representations used in artificial intelligence systems Instead of treating deontic logic as a branch of modal logic, with the standard possible worlds semantics, we first develop a language for describing actions, and we define the concepts of permission and obligation in terms of these action descriptions. Using our semantic definitions, we then derive a number of intuitively plausible inferences, and we show generally that the paradoxes which are so frequently associated with deontic logic do not arise in our system.
Impact of the IEEE 802.11n frame aggregation mechanisms on video streaming quality

The massive acceptance of the high data rate IEEE 802.11n standard enables the adoption of demanding audiovisual services, such as high definition TV over wireless local area networks. In this context, one of the key features of the IEEE 802.11n is the frame aggregation mechanism, which can improve the channel efficiency and data throughput. In this work, the efficiency of video transmissions schemes over 802.11n wireless networks is studied. The focus is centered on the new features introduced at the MAC layer of IEEE 802.11n such as frame aggregation, still considering the advances made in physical layer such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO). In addition, the H.264/AVC video coding standard is exploited to maximize the overall coding efficiency in such wireless network scenario. This study will show that careful parameterization at the MAC and application layers can provide an improve quality of service for many video streaming applications when deployed over an 802.11n network.
STAT4 gene polymorphism in patients after renal allograft transplantation

Introduction STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 4) is involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some studies have suggested that STAT4 may be involved in the immune response after graft transplantation. Several polymorphisms in the STAT4 gene have been identified. The most commonly studied polymorphism in the STAT4 gene is rs7574865. In our study, we examined whether this polymorphism is associated with the early and late functions of renal allografts. Material and methods A total of 270 recipients of first renal transplants were included in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the STAT4 gene were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assays. Results There were no statistically significant associations between the STAT4 gene rs7574865 polymorphism and delayed graft function, acute rejection, chronic allograft dysfunction, post-transplant diabetes mellitus, or creatinine serum concentrations after transplantation. Conclusions Our results suggest a lack of association between the STAT4 rs7574865 SNP and kidney allograft function in the Polish population.
Enoxaparin-Induced DRESS Syndrome

Low-molecular-weight heparins are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism. However, they can induce adverse skin reactions. The most common reactions are delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions at injection sites. Rare systemic reactions have been reported. We report, to our knowledge, the first case of a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS) due to enoxaparin which belongs to the low-molecular-weight heparins class.
Collaboration Creation: Lessons Learned from Establishing an Online Professional Learning Community.

This paper describes the design, implementation, evaluation and further refinement of an ELGG-based social networking site to support professional development activity, project group and special interest groups, and the discussion and sharing of educational experiences and resources across Edinburgh Napier University in the United Kingdom. Beginning with a short overview of what online institutional communities might offer in sustaining good learning, teaching and assessment practice in-house, this paper then describes the rationale for and development of Edinburgh Napier Education Exchange (ENEE). The subsequent evaluation undertaken employed a mixed method approach involving online questionnaires and individual interviews with users of ENEE, and took place between January and April 2011. The evaluation had a twin focus on use and perceptions of ENEE in general, and how ENEE was beginning to be used to provide additional support opportunities for a diverse group of educators studying on Edinburgh Napier’s online distance learning MSc Blended and Online Education (MSc BOE). Overall the evaluation highlighted a range of ways in which ENEE was proving effective particularly in helping users to ‘keep abreast’ of educational practice across the institution, as well as in supporting small groups dedicated to specific purposes and activities. On the less positive side, the evaluation highlighted a number of issues and challenges around ease of use, engaging in ‘multiple spaces’, and achieving ‘critical mass’ in meaningful use. These findings pointed towards a number of enhancements that were implemented over summer and autumn 2011, and the nature of these recent post-evaluation changes to ENEE and the MSc BOE group space are detailed in this paper.
The relationship between the leadership style of administrators and the mental health of employees of healthcare centers of Isfahan University, Iran

Introduction: Healthcare centers are one of the vital substrates contributing to individual health in society. In order to provide efficient services to the community, it is essential to maintain an optimal level of mental health in employees. The present study aims to assess the relationship between the leadership styles of administrators and the mental health status of employees in the healthcare centers of Isfahan. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study sample consisted of 217 employees of 18 health centers, selected through stratified cluster random sampling from among 500 personnel using the Morgan table. This study was conducted from September to January 2013. The research tools were Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Goldberg Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test by SPSS software. Results: Our findings showed that there is no significant relationship between the leadership style of administrators and the mental health of employees (P=0.399). Also, there is no significant relationship between transformational, transactional, and Laissez faire leadership styles and mental health (P=0.247, P=0.139 and P=0.403 respectively). Conclusion: According to our findings, it seems that other factors than the leadership style of administrators contribute to the mental health of employees. Educational workshops can be used for improving the mental health of the staff.
Optimal Capacity Sharing of Networks with Multiple Overlays

Overlay networks have emerged as a generic networking paradigm to improve network performance and construct new applications. Although many overlay algorithms have been proposed lately, they tend to focus on a single overlay, without considering how to share network capacity with other traffic and other overlays. In this paper, we study optimal capacity sharing of network with multiple overlays. We first formulate the problem of optimal capacity sharing of networks with multiple overlays as a nonlinear optimization problem. We show that traditional flow-level rate controllers result in sub-optimal sharing results between the different overlays. We design efficient and distributed overlay flows control algorithms and demonstrate the effectiveness of our design
Image Overlay Text Detection Based on JPEG Truncation Error Analysis

This letter proposes a new algorithm for the detection and localization of overlay text in still images. The algorithm is based on the fact that the high-contrast edges in overlay text boundaries generate truncation error when subjected to JPEG compression. The regions containing high-contrast edges in a given test image are first identified using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain technique and a binary truncation error map is generated. The overlay text regions in the truncation error map are generally clustered and the cluster corresponding to a text line appears in a connected form. The initial detection is refined using connected component-based processing. Experimental results on a set of $300$ images taken from news videos show that the proposed method is effective in detection of overlay text with a good accuracy.
Empirical comparison of dependency conversions for RST discourse trees

Two heuristic rules that transform Rhetor-ical Structure Theory discourse trees into discourse dependency trees (DDTs) have recently been proposed (Hirao et al., 2013; Li et al., 2014), but these rules derive signiﬁcantly different DDTs because their conversion schemes on multinuclear relations are not identical. This paper reveals the difference among DDT formats with respect to the following questions:
On Positive Mental Health Education in the Development of Supernormal Children

Positive mental health education,which attaches importance to cultivating positive mental characters,developing potentials,creating a positive attitude,and living a happy life,is of positive value to the education and development of supernormal children.This article introduces supernormal children's characteristics in their cognition and personal development,analyzes the role of the theory of positive mental health education in the cultivation of supernormal children,discusses some issues on positive mental health education for supernormal children,and stresses the significant role of positive mental health education in supernormal education and the core methods of conducting positive mental health education.
Upper Critical Fields of the 11-System Iron-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeSe0.25Te0.75

We have performed electrical resistivity measurements of a polycrystalline sample of FeSe 0.25 Te 0.75 , which exhibits superconductivity at T c ∼14 K, in magnetic fields up to 55 T to determine the upper critical field µ 0 H c2 . In this compound, very large slopes of µ 0 H c2 at the onset, the mid-point, the zero-resistivity temperatures on superconductivity are determined to be -13.7, -10.1, and -6.9 T/K, respectively. The observed µ 0 H c2 ( T )s of this compound are considerably smaller than those expected from the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg model, manifesting the Pauli limiting behavior. These results suggest that this compound shows the spin-singlet pairing in the superconducting state.
Physical health complaints among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals: results from the California Quality of Life Survey.

OBJECTIVES We examined evidence that minority sexual orientation is associated with more-frequent reports of physical health complaints. We also investigated the possible role of HIV infection among gay men and higher rates of psychological distress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexually and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals in generating these health disparities. METHODS We used data from the California Quality of Life Survey (N=2272 adults) to examine associations between sexual orientation and self-reports about physical health status, common health conditions, disabilities, and psychological distress. RESULTS Prevalent HIV infection was reported by nearly 18% of gay, bisexual, and homosexually experienced heterosexual men. Gay men and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals had higher levels of psychological distress compared with exclusively heterosexual individuals. Self-reported physical health status varied by gender and by sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS Lesbians and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual women reported a greater variety of health conditions and limitations compared with exclusively heterosexual women; however, these differences mostly disappeared when distress levels were taken into account. Among men, differences in health complaints appeared to reflect the ongoing burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in the gay male community.
New Performance Metrics Based on Multigrade Relevance: Their Application to Question Answering

This paper proposes two new InformationRetrieval performance metrics based on multigrade relevance, called Q-measure and R-measure, which are akin to Cumulative Gain and Average Weighted Precision but are arguably more reliable. We then show how Qmeasure can be appliedto Question Answering involving ranked lists of exact answers, and discuss its advantages over Reciprocal Rank through an experiment using the QAC1 test collection. The appendices of this paper contain theorem proofs concerning Q-measure and R-measure, as well as a study of Q-measure and R-measure as Information Retrieval evaluation metrics using the runs submitted to the NTCIR-3 CLIR task. We plan to conduct similar experiments for the NTCIR QAC tasks using Q-measure as a Question Answering evaluation metric, if the QAC submissionfiles become available for research purposes.
The evolution of stellar mass and the implied star formation history

We present a compilation of measurements of the stellar mass density as a function of redshift. Using this stellar mass history we obtain a star formation history and compare it to the instantaneous star formation history. For z < 0.7 there is good agreement between the two star formation histories. At higher redshifts the instantaneous indicators suggest star formation rates larger than that implied by the evolution of the stellar mass density. This discrepancy peaks at z= 3 where instantaneous indicators suggest a star formation rate around 0.6 dex higher than those of the best fit to the stellar mass history. We discuss a variety of explanations for this inconsistency, such as inaccurate dust extinction corrections, incorrect measurements of stellar masses and a possible evolution of the stellar initial mass function.
Effects of Predation and Environment on Quality of Yellow Perch and Bluegill Populations in Nebraska Sandhill Lakes

We investigated factors that may influence the quality (e.g., high abundance, size structure, condition, and growth) of yellow perch Perca flavescens and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus populations in Nebraska sandhill lakes. Physical (e.g., lake depth, vegetation coverage), chemical (e.g., alkalinity, conductivity), and biological (e.g., chlorophyll a, invertebrate abundance) char- acteristics of 30 natural lakes were determined in 1998 and 1999. Growth, condition, and size structure were not density-dependent for bluegills or yellow perch in these shallow ( ,4 m maximum depth) lakes. However, bluegill abundance, size structure, and condition were positively related to yellow perch abundance, size structure, and condition. Bluegill quality tended to increase with increased emergent vegetation, whereas yellow perch quality was not correlated with any physi- cochemical variable measured. Submergent vegetation coverage ranged from 5% to 97% of lake surface area and was not related to panfish quality. The mean relative weight (Wr) of larger (15- 20 cm) bluegills was positively associated with high Daphnia and Cyclops abundance, whereas the mean Wr of 20-25-cm yellow perch was not related to invertebrate abundance. Higher relative abundance and lower proportional stock density of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoideswere positively related to panfish quality, even in lakes up to 341 ha. Quality panfish populations in the Nebraska sandhills are influenced by predators, prey, and the environment. However, based on the high correlation coefficients, largemouth bass may be most influential in structuring the quality of bluegill and yellow perch populations in these shallow natural lakes.
The promises and perils of mining GitHub

With over 10 million git repositories, GitHub is becoming one of the most important source of software artifacts on the Internet. Researchers are starting to mine the information stored in GitHub's event logs, trying to understand how its users employ the site to collaborate on software. However, so far there have been no studies describing the quality and properties of the data available from GitHub. We document the results of an empirical study aimed at understanding the characteristics of the repositories in GitHub and how users take advantage of GitHub's main features---namely commits, pull requests, and issues. Our results indicate that, while GitHub is a rich source of data on software development, mining GitHub for research purposes should take various potential perils into consideration. We show, for example, that the majority of the projects are personal and inactive; that GitHub is also being used for free storage and as a Web hosting service; and that almost 40% of all pull requests do not appear as merged, even though they were. We provide a set of recommendations for software engineering researchers on how to approach the data in GitHub.
A current-reuse Class-C LC-VCO with an adaptive bias scheme

This paper proposes a low-power currentreuse complementary differential LC-VCO which is composed of a pair of NMOS and PMOS transistors with an adaptive bias scheme for both transistors to ensure its robust startup and achieve maximum swing in Class-C operation. The proposed VCO has been implemented in a standard 0. 18μm CMOS technology, which oscillates at the carrier frequency of 4.6 GHz. The measured phase noise is -139.5dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset while drawing a current consumption of 1.6 mA from 1.5 V supply. The Figure of Merit is -189.1 dBc/Hz. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first class-C current-reuse VCO with an adaptive bias scheme.
A Study of the Effects of Vigabatrin on the Central Nervous System and Retina of Sprague Dawley and Lister-Hooded Rats

Vigabatrin (γ-vinyl GABA), an enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, was administered orally to albino Sprague Dawley and pigmented Lister-Hooded rats. A dose-dependent retinal lesion characterized histologically by disruption of the outer nuclear layer was observed in the Sprague Dawley rat but not in Lister-Hooded rats, indicating that this alteration is related to the absence of pigment. The lesion is similar to that induced in albino rats by light and certain drugs. In addition, myelin vacuolation of the brain was observed in both rat strains, consistent with the findings of other toxicity studies with vigabatrin. In all cases, the vacuolation was limited to myelinated tracts and resulted from separation of the myelin sheath at the intraperiod line. There was no evidence of demyelination, axonal degeneration or damage to contiguous structures in the affected areas. The vacuolation is histologically similar to that induced in rats by certain other compounds such as isoniazid, hexachlorophene, and triethyltin, but differs in that it is focal in distribution, it is limited to the brain, and is reversible upon cessation of treatment.
The Impact of Study Abroad Experiences on Vocational Identity among College Students.

Deciding upon a career choice is a fundamental task of early adulthood (Super, 1981). For some college students, this task may be uncomplicated and rather effortless, while other students may find that deciding upon a career path is a more challenging experience. The National Center for Education Statistics (2004) reported that 21.6% of U.S. undergraduate students are undecided about their college major. This percentage of undecided students is the largest among students, surpassing the percentage of students who have declared other academic majors (e.g. education, business). Supporting this finding, Gordon (2007) found that 75% of college students change their undergraduate major at least once, indicating that some college students experience difficulty declaring an academic major. Academic indecision is an important consideration in higher education because there are many negative outcomes of academic indecision. For example, Astin (1975) noted that indecision about major and college retention rates are significantly correlated, with those students who are more undecided dropping out of college at higher rates. More recently, Coll and Stewart (2008) found that higher levels of academic or career decidedness are positively related to retention for college students, while others (Lounsbury, Saudargas, & Gibson, 2004) found a negative relationship between career decidedness and intention to withdraw from college in an investigation involving 232 college freshmen.
Direct Observations of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Response to SST Variations Associated with Tropical Instability Waves over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Tropical instability waves (TIWs), with a typical wavelength of 1000 km and period of 30 days, cause the equatorial front to meander and result in SST variations on the order of 18‐28C. Vertical soundings of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity were obtained on board a Japanese research vessel, which sailed through three fully developed SST waves from 1408 to 1108W along 28N during 21‐28 September 1999. A strong temperature inversion is observed throughout the cruise along 28N, capping the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that is 1‐ 1.5 km deep. Temperature response to TIW-induced SST changes penetrates the whole depth of the PBL. In response to an SST increase, air temperature rises in the lowest kilometer and shows a strong cooling at the mean inversion height. As a result, this temperature dipole is associated with little TIW signal in the observed sea level pressure (SLP). The cruise mean vertical profiles show a speed maximum at 400‐500 m for both zonal and meridional velocities. SST-based composite profiles of zonal wind velocity show weakened (intensified) vertical shear within the PBL that is consistent with enhanced (reduced) vertical mixing, causing surface wind to accelerate (decelerate) over warm (cold) SSTs. Taken together, the temperature and wind soundings indicate the dominance of the vertical mixing over the SLP-driving mechanism. Based on the authors’ measurements, a physical interpretation of the widely used PBL model proposed by Lindzen and Nigam is presented.
Bayesian Weibull tree models for survival analysis of clinico-genomic data

An important goal of research involving gene expression data for outcome prediction is to establish the ability of genomic data to define clinically relevant risk factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that microarray data can successfully cluster patients into lowand high-risk categories. However, the need exists for models which examine how genomic predictors interact with existing clinical factors and provide personalized outcome predictions. We have developed clinico-genomic tree models for survival outcomes which use recursive partitioning to subdivide the current data set into homogeneous subgroups of patients, each with a specific Weibull survival distribution. These trees can provide personalized predictive distributions of the probability of survival for individuals of interest. Our strategy is to fit multiple models; within each model we adopt a prior on the Weibull scale parameter and update this prior via Empirical Bayes whenever the sample is split at a given node. The decision to split is based on a Bayes factor criterion. The resulting trees are weighted according to their relative likelihood values and predictions are made by averaging over models. In a pilot study of survival in advanced stage ovarian cancer we demonstrate that clinical and genomic data are complementary sources of information relevant to survival, and we use the exploratory nature of the trees to identify potential genomic biomarkers worthy of further study. c © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.