Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal processes in the anxiety disorders : implications for understanding psychopathology and treatment

Traditional theories on the anxiety disorders have focused on intrapersonal factors, such as cognitive, affective, behavioral, physiological, and genetic processes. Yet, those who treat and conduct research with anxious individuals know that interpersonal processes interact with anxiety symptoms. How can we begin to reconcile research and clinical experiences with current theoretical accounts? In this volume, editor J. Gayle Beck draws together, for the first time, the available knowledge about interpersonal factors in the anxiety disorders. The book begins with an overview of models and measures for conceptualizing and assessing interpersonal processes in the anxiety disorders. It then reviews the available literature on interpersonal processes pertaining to specific disorders, including childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and health anxiety. Throughout the book, clinical descriptions, etiological formulations, and information pertaining to comorbidity and treatment help to bridge the gap between clinical and research work. This groundbreaking book will appeal to everyone interested in anxiety disorders or interpersonal processes in psychopathology.
Environmental Psychology: An Introduction

Environmental Psychology: An Introduction offers a research-based introduction to the psychological relationship between humans and their built and natural environments and discusses how sustainable environments can be created to the benefit of both people and nature •Explores the environment's effects on human wellbeing and behaviour, factors influencing environmental behaviour and ways of encouraging pro-environmental action •Provides a state-of-the-art overview of recent developments in environmental psychology, with an emphasis on sustainability as a unifying principle for theory, research and interventions •While focusing primarily on Europe and North America, also discusses environmental psychology in non-Western and developing countries •Responds to a growing interest in the contribution of environmental psychologists to understanding and solving environmental problems and promoting the effects of environmental conditions on health and wellbeing
Salience in Orientation-Filter Response Measured as Suspicious Coincidence in Natural Images

Visual cortex neurons have receptive fields resembling oriented bandpass filters, and their response distributions on natural images are non-Gaussian. Inspired by this, we previously showed that comparing the response distribution to normal distribution with the same variance gives a good thresholding criterion for detecting salient levels of edginess in images. However, (1) the results were based on comparison with human data, thus, an objective, quantitative performance measure was not taken. Furthermore, (2) why a normal distribution would serve as a good baseline was not investigated in full. In this paper, we first conduct a quantitative analysis of the normal-distribution baseline, using artificial images that closely mimic the statistics of natural images. Since in these artificial images, we can control and obtain the exact saliency information, the performance of the thresholding algorithm can be measured objectively. We then interpret the issue of the normal distribution being an effective baseline for thresholding, under the general concept of suspicious coincidence proposed by Barlow. It turns out that salience defined our way can be understood as a deviation from the unsuspicious baseline. Our results show that the response distribution on white-noise images (where there is no structure, thus zero salience and nothing suspicious) has a near-Gaussian distribution. We then show that the response threshold directly calculated from the response distribution to white-noise images closely matches that of humans, providing further support for the analysis. In sum, our results and analysis show an intimate relationship among subjective perceptual measure of salience, objective measures of salience using normal distributions as a baseline, and the theory of suspicious coincidence.
Trusted content-based publish/subscribe trees

Publish/Subscribe systems hold strong assumptions of the expected behaviour of clients and routers, as it is assumed they all abide by the matching and routing protocols. Assumptions of implicit trust between the components of the publish/subscribe infrastructure are acceptable where the underlying event distribution service is under the control of a single or multiple co-operating administrative entities and contracts between clients and these authorities exist, however there are application contexts where these presumptions do not hold. In such environments, such as ad hoc networks, there is the possibility of selfish and malicious behaviour that can lead to disruption of the routing and matching algorithms. The most commonly researched approach to security in publish/subscribe systems is role-based access control (RBAC). RBAC is suitable for ensuring confidentiality, but due to the assumption of strong identities associated with well defined roles and the absence of monitoring systems to allow for adaptable policies in response to the changing behaviour of clients, it is not appropriate for environments where: identities can not be assigned to roles in the absence of a trusted administrative entity; long-lived identities of entities do not exist; and where the threat model consists of highly adaptable malicious and selfish entities. Motivated by recent work in the application of trust and reputation to Peer-to-Peer networks, where past behaviour is used to generate trust opinions that inform future transactions, we propose an approach where the publish/subscribe infrastructure is constructed and re-configured with respect to the trust preferences of clients and routers. In this thesis, we show how Publish/Subscribe trees (PSTs) can be constructed with respect to the trust preferences of publishers and subscribers, and the overhead costs of event dissemination. Using social welfare theory, it is shown that individual trust preferences over clients and routers, which are informed by a variety of trust sources, can be aggregated to give a social preference over the set of feasible PSTs. By combining this and the existing work on PST overheads, the Maximum Trust PST with Overhead Budget problem is defined and is shown to be in NP-complete. An exhaustive search algorithm is proposed that is shown to be suitable only for very small problem sizes. To improve scalability, a faster tabu search algorithm is presented, which is shown to scale to larger problem instances and gives good approximations of the optimal solutions. The research contributions of this work are: the use of social welfare theory to provide a mechanism to establish the trustworthiness of PSTs; the finding that individual trust is not interpersonal comparable as is considered to be the case in much of the trust literature; the Maximum Trust PST with Overhead Budget problem; and algorithms to solve this problem.
A Framework for the Construction of Golay Sequences

In 1999 Davis and Jedwab gave an explicit algebraic normal form for m! · 2 ordered Golay pairs of length 2 over Z2h , involving m! /2 · 2 h(m+1) Golay sequences. In 2005 Li and Chu unexpectedly found an additional 1024 length 16 quaternary Golay sequences. Fiedler and Jedwab showed in 2006 that these new Golay sequences exist because of a “cross-over” of the aperiodic autocorrelation function of certain quaternary length 8 sequences belonging to Golay pairs, and that they spawn further new quaternary Golay sequences and pairs of length 2 for m > 4 under Budisin’s 1990 iterative construction. The total number of Golay sequences and pairs spawned in this way is counted, and their algebraic normal form is given explicitly. A framework of constructions is derived in which Turyn’s 1974 product construction, together with several variations, plays a key role. All previously known Golay sequences and pairs of length 2 over Z2h can be obtained directly in explicit algebraic normal form from this framework. Furthermore, additional quaternary Golay sequences and pairs of length 2 are produced that cannot be obtained from any other known construction. The framework generalizes readily to lengths that are not a power of 2, and to alphabets other than Z2h .
Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties and Impairments in Everyday Functioning Among Children With a History of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 3% to 7% of school-aged children and has been associated with a variety of comorbid mental illnesses and functional impairments, largely in clinical samples. However, little is known about the spectrum of emotional and behavioral problems and areas of impairment among children with a history of ADHD in nonclinical, nationally representative samples. Methods Data were analyzed from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing, computer-assisted, random-sample, personal-interview survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population. We examined the associations between history of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and levels of parent-reported emotional and behavioral difficulties and related impairments among a nationally representative sample of U.S. children aged 4 to 17 years (n = 8681). The extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure and score levels of difficulty and impairment. Results Approximately 5.9% of children had a history of ADHD diagnosis. Children with a history of ADHD were 6 times as likely as those without ADHD to have a high level of overall difficulties including emotional, conduct, and peer problems and were 9 times as likely to manifest a high level of impairment including interference with home life, friendships, classroom learning, and leisure activities. Conclusion This study documents the significant level of current emotional and behavioral difficulties and impairments in everyday functioning experienced by children with a history of ADHD diagnosis, suggesting that people involved with the care of children — parents, health care providers, and teachers — need to be informed about the signs, symptoms, and appropriate treatment of ADHD and other comorbid disorders.
ISO observations of the environment of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1806-20

Observations at near and mid-infrared wavelengths (1-18 micron) of SGR 1806-20 suggest that it is associated with a cluster of giant massive stars which are enshrouded in a dense cloud of dust. The centre of the best sky position of the gamma-ray source (Hurley et al. 1999) lies on top of the dust cloud at only 7 arcsec (~0.5 pc at a distance of 14.5 kpc) from the star cluster, and 12 arcsec (~0.85 pc) from a Luminous Blue Variable Star (LBV) which had been proposed to be associated with the SGR (Kulkarni et al. 1995). The bright cloud of interstellar gas and dust observed with ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) is probably the birth site of the cluster of massive stars, the LBV star, and the progenitor of the soft gamma-ray repeater pulsar. The presence of such a young star formation region is compatible with the current interpretation of soft gamma-ray repeaters as young neutron stars. The SGR 1806-20 compact source is unlikely to form a bound binary system with any of the infrared luminous massive stars, since no flux variations in the near-infrared were detected from the latter in an interval of 4 years.The ISO observations were made over two epochs, 11 days before and 2 hours after a soft gamma-ray burst detected with the Interplanetary Network, and they show no enhanced mid-infrared emission associated to the high energy activity of the SGR.
Automatic Prediction of Health Status Using Smartphone-Derived Behavior Profiles

Objective: Current methods of assessing the affect patients’ health has on their daily lives are extremely limited. The aim of this paper is to develop a sensor-based approach to health status measurement in order to objectively measure health status. Methods: Techniques to generate human behavior profiles, derived from the smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, are proposed. Experiments, using SVM regression models, are then conducted in order to evaluate the use of the proposed behavior profiles as a predictor of health status. Results: Experiments were conducted on data from 171 participants, with an average of 114 h of data per participant. Regression models were trained and tested on the 10 SF-36 self-ratings. Results showed that the eight individual SF-36 scales and two component scores could be predicted with an average correlation of 0.683 and 0.698, respectively. General health was predicted with an average correlation of 0.752. Conclusion: Research shows that the clinically important difference for SF-36 self-ratings are approximately 10 points. Health status prediction errors in this study were 11.7 points on average. While the problem has not been fully solved, this paper presents a hugely promising direction for health status prediction. Significance: Using the proposed techniques, health status could be measured using unobtrusive, inexpensive, and already available hardware. It could provide a means for clinicians to accurately and objectively assess the daily life benefits of treatments on an individual patient basis.
Easy to say they are Hard, but Hard to see they are Easy— Towards a Categorization of Tractable Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization Problems

Multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems are known to be hard problems for two reasons: their decision versions are often NPcomplete and they are often intractable. Apart from this general observation, are there also variants or cases of multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems which are easy and, if so, what causes them to be easy? This article is a first attempt to provide an answer to these two questions. Thereby, a systematic description of reasons for easiness is envisaged rather than a mere collection of special cases. In particular, the borderline of easy and hard multiobjective optimization problems is explored.
Telling stories: Exploring research storytelling as a meaningful approach to knowledge mobilization with Indigenous research collaborators and diverse audiences in community-based participatory research

A growing number of geographers seek to communicate their research to audiences beyond the academy. Community-based and participatory action research models have been developed, in part, with this goal in mind. Yet despite many promising developments in the way research is conducted and disseminated, researchers continue to seek methods to better reflect the “culture and context” of the communities with whom they work. During my doctoral research on homelessness in the Northwest Territories, I encountered a significant disconnect between the emotive, personal narratives of homelessness that I was collecting and more conventional approaches to research dissemination. In search of a method of dissemination to engage more meaningfully with research collaborators as well as the broader public, I turned to my creative writing work. In this article, I draw from “The komatik lesson” to discuss my first effort at research storytelling. I suggest that research storytelling is particularly well suited to community-based participatory research, as we explore methods to present findings in ways that are more culturally appropriate to the communities in which the research takes place. This is especially so in collaborative research with Indigenous communities, where storytelling and knowledge sharing are often one and the same. However, I also discuss the ways in which combining my creative writing interests with my doctoral research has been an uneasy fit, forcing me to question how to tell a good story while giving due diligence to the role that academic research has played in its development. Drawing on the outcomes and challenges I encountered, I offer an understanding of what research storytelling is, and how it might be used to advance community-based participatory research with Indigenous communities.
A time course analysis of the affective priming effect

The argument that automatic processes are responsible for affective/evaluative priming effects has been primarily based on studies that have manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; i.e., the interval between the onset of the prime and the onset of the target). Moreover, these SOA studies provide an insight in the time course of the activation processes underlying automatic affect/attitude activation. Based on a fine-grained manipulation of the SOA employing either the evaluative decision task (Experiment 1) and the pronunciation task (Experiment 2) we concluded that affective priming, and hence automatic affect activation, is based on fast-acting automatic processes. The results of Experiment 3 provide a valid explanation for an apparent discrepancy between the results of Experiments 1 and 2 and previous findings. Finally, the results of Experiment 3 support the prediction of Jarvis and Petty (1996) that affective priming effects should be stronger for participants who are more chronically engaged in conscious evaluations.
2,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethylpiperidin-4-one O-benzyloxime

The piperidin-4-one ring in the title compound, C26H26Cl2N2O, exists in a chair conformation with equatorial orientations of the methyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups. The C atom bonded to the oxime group is statistically planar (bond-angle sum = 360.0°) although the C—C=N bond angles are very different [117.83 (15) and 127.59 (15)°]. The dihedral angle between the chlorophenyl rings is 54.75 (4)°. In the crystal, molecules interact via van der Waals forces.
Transient high glucose causes persistent epigenetic changes and altered gene expression during subsequent normoglycemia

The current goal of diabetes therapy is to reduce time-averaged mean levels of glycemia, measured as HbA1c, to prevent diabetic complications. However, HbA1c only explains <25% of the variation in risk of developing complications. Because HbA1c does not correlate with glycemic variability when adjusted for mean blood glucose, we hypothesized that transient spikes of hyperglycemia may be an HbA1c–independent risk factor for diabetic complications. We show that transient hyperglycemia induces long-lasting activating epigenetic changes in the promoter of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) subunit p65 in aortic endothelial cells both in vitro and in nondiabetic mice, which cause increased p65 gene expression. Both the epigenetic changes and the gene expression changes persist for at least 6 d of subsequent normal glycemia, as do NF-κB–induced increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. Hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic changes and increased p65 expression are prevented by reducing mitochondrial superoxide production or superoxide-induced α-oxoaldehydes. These results highlight the dramatic and long-lasting effects that short-term hyperglycemic spikes can have on vascular cells and suggest that transient spikes of hyperglycemia may be an HbA1c–independent risk factor for diabetic complications.
Characterization of UHF multipath radio channels in factory buildings

Wideband multipath measurements at 1300 MHz were made in five factory buildings in Indiana. Root-mean-square delay spread ( sigma ) values were found to range between 30 and 300 ns. Median sigma values were 96 ns for line-of-sight paths along aisleways and 105 ns for obstructed paths across aisles. Worst-case sigma or 300 ns was measured in a modern open-plan metal-working factory. Delay spreads were not correlated with transmitter-receiver separation or factory topography but were affected by factory inventory, building construction materials, and wall locations. Wideband path loss measurements consistently agreed with continuous-wave measurements made at identical locations. It is shown that such empirical data suggest independent and identical uniform distributions on the phases of resolvable multipath signal components. Average factory path loss was found to be a function of distance to the 2.2 power. >
Hospitality and eroticism

Purpose – This paper aims to provoke discussion and reflection on the role of the erotic in the cultivation of spaces of hospitality, and to provide a theoretical consideration of the structural similarities of hospitality and eroticism.Design/methodology/approach – With reference to classical studies as well as debates in the social science literature, the paper starts by examining some of the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings to hospitality and eroticism. It then develops this analysis by considering examples drawn from ethnographic studies of “traditional” hospitality settings as well as of commercial hospitality environments of charter tourism.Findings – The main outcome of the discussion is to demonstrate the structural relations between hospitality and eroticism. By situating the analysis within a broad theoretical and ethnographic context, it is shown that the erotic has historically functioned as a socially‐binding and communicative mode of social intercourse that, while undermined by th.
Readiness and Adjustments to School for Children with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): An Extreme Test Case Paradigm

This long-term, prospective study evaluated repeatedly school readiness and adjustment at kindergarten and first grade of children with extreme intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; n = 20) in relation to controls (n = 19). Methods included individual testing of cognitive competence, self-perception, motivation, loneliness and academic achievements; parental anxiety and family-functioning; and teacher ratings of cognitive, emotional, and social adjustment. Children with IUGR had lower cognitive and achievement scores and frequent impulsivity. However, they experienced no socioemotional difficulties. Children in this group, particularly boys, who had mild cognitive difficulties, rule breaking tendencies, and social adjustment issues experienced academic adjustment difficulties during the first school year. Findings underscore a susceptibility of children born with extreme IUGR to develop learning difficulties, and highlight their initial socioemotional resilience.
Off label and unlicensed drug use among French office based paediatricians

AIMS To determine the extent of off label and unlicensed drug use in French office based paediatric practice. METHODS A prospective one day survey of all written prescriptions, for patients under 15 years, among 95 office based paediatricians in the Paris, France metropolitan area. Main outcome measures were: comparison of the use of each drug with its product licence for age, indication, dose, and route of administration. RESULTS A total of 2522 prescriptions were administered to 989 patients; 844 (33%) were used either in an unlicensed (4%) or an off label (29%) manner. A total of 550 (56%) paediatric patients received one or more off label prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS Off label prescriptions (that is, outside the terms of the Summary of Product Characteristics) are widespread in office based paediatric practice, while unlicensed drug use is rare in our study. New regulations in the licensing process in Europe are needed to allow children to receive drugs that have been fully evaluated in their specific age group.