Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ceftaroline in the management of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community acquired pneumonia

Ceftaroline is a new parenteral cephalosporin approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) including those due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Ceftaroline has broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and exerts its bactericidal effects by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), resulting in inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to PBP 2a of MRSA with high affinity and also binds to all six PBPs in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In in vitro studies, ceftaroline demonstrated potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA and vancomycin-intermediate isolates), Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multidrug resistant isolates), Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and many common gram-negative pathogens, excluding extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Phase II and Phase III clinical trials, ceftaroline was noninferior to its comparator agents and demonstrated high clinical cure rates in the treatment of cSSTIs and CAP. It demonstrated favorable outcomes in patients treated for both regulatory-approved indications and unlicensed indications in a retrospective analysis. Ceftaroline is a safe and effective option for treatment in specific patient populations in which its efficacy and safety have been proven. This article reviews the challenges in the treatment of cSSTI and CAP, ceftaroline and its microbiology, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety data which support its use in treatment of cSSTIs and CAP.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) polymorphisms and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in a Scottish and Danish case–control study

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a result of interactions between luminal pathogens and the intestinal immune response. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory response upon stimulation by luminal pathogens via Toll‐like receptors. Methods: Genotypes of the COX‐2/PTGS2/PGHS2 A‐1195G (rs689466), G‐765C (rs20417), and T8473C (rs5275) polymorphisms were assessed in a Scottish and Danish case–control study including 732 Crohn's disease (CD) cases, 973 ulcerative colitis (UC) cases, and 1157 healthy controls using logistic regression. Results: Carriers of the COX‐2 A‐1195G variant allele had increased risk of UC (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 [1.02–1.54], P = 0.03) and of both UC and IBD among never smokers (OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.11–1.96], P = 0.01 and OR [95% CI] = 1.37 [1.06–1.77], P = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, this variant genotype was associated with increased risk of diagnosis of UC before age 40 years and with extensive UC (OR [95% CI] = 1.34 [1.11–1.62], P = 0.002 and OR [95% CI] = 1.32 [1.03–1.69], P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: COX‐2 A‐1195G polymorphism was associated with the risk of UC, especially among never‐smokers, suggesting that low activity of COX‐2 may predispose to UC. Our results suggest that inclusion of smoking status may be essential for the evaluation of the role of genetic predisposition to IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011)
The G428A Nonsense Mutation in FUT2 Provides Strong but Not Absolute Protection against Symptomatic GII.4 Norovirus Infection

In November 2004, 116 individuals in an elderly nursing home in El Grao de Castellón, Spain were symptomatically infected with genogroup II.4 (GII.4) norovirus. The global attack rate was 54.2%. Genotyping of 34 symptomatic individuals regarding the FUT2 gene revealed that one patient was, surprisingly, a non-secretor, hence indicating secretor-independent infection. Lewis genotyping revealed that Lewis-positive and negative individuals were susceptible to symptomatic norovirus infection indicating that Lewis status did not predict susceptibility. Saliva based ELISA assays were used to determine binding of the outbreak virus to saliva samples. Saliva from a secretor-negative individual bound the authentic outbreak GII.4 Valencia/2004/Es virus, but did not in contrast to secretor-positive saliva bind VLP of other strains including the GII.4 Dijon strain. Amino acid comparison of antigenic A and B sites located on the external loops of the P2 domain revealed distinct differences between the Valencia/2004/Es and Dijon strains. All three aa in each antigenic site as well as 10/11 recently identified evolutionary hot spots, were unique in the Valencia/2004/Es strain compared to the Dijon strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of symptomatic GII.4 norovirus infection of a Lea+b− individual homozygous for the G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the host genetic susceptibility to norovirus infections and evolution of the globally dominating GII.4 viruses.
Low-loss tunable integrated acoustooptical wavelength filter in LiNbO/sub 3/ with strong sidelobe suppression

An integrated acoustooptical double-stage wavelength filter in LiNbO/sub 3/ has been developed using acoustooptical polarization converters and polarization splitters as basic components integrated on the same chip. Ti-indiffusion technology is used throughout to fabricate the device. The packaged and pigtailed filter has low insertion losses (4.1 dB fiber-to-fiber), low-polarization dependence (0.1 dB) and a strong sidelobe and baseline suppression (>30 dB). Its tuning range exceeds the gain bandwidth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers around 1550 nm.
Factors that affect the Behavior on the Radiation Safety Management for Dental Hygienists

This research, which was conducted for dental hygienists, intended to check out what factors have an influence on their behaviors by measuring the level of self-efficacy and consciousness on the use of radiation, knowledge and attitude on radiation safety management(RSM). The subjects were 235 of the dental hygienists and this study performed a survey 8 May to 17 June, 2011. The survey results were as follows. 1. As a result of comparing the average of the self-efficacy according to the general characteristics, a statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05) was found according to health condition, protection facilities condition. 2. As a result of comparing the average of consciousness about radiation use according to the general characteristics, a statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05) was found according to medical institute type, protection facilities conditions. 3. As a result of comparing the average of the behaviors for RSM according to the general characteristics, a statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05) was found according to monthly income, medical institute type, whether or not education on radiation was conducted, the number of education, education type, and protection facilities condition. 4. As a result of analyzing what factors have an influence on the behaviors for RSM by employing the points of those behaviors as a dependent variable and self-efficacy, consciousness, knowledge and attitude as an independent variable in order to investigate those factors, it turned out that the factors which had a relatively larger influence on the point of behaviors were attitude and self-efficacy by that order(p<0.05). In conclusion, we believe that a variety of programs should be offered to provide knowledge on RSM as a prerequisite for improving the level of RSM behaviors by dental hygienists.
Effect of systemic hypertension on right ventricular morphology and function: an echocardiographic study

Background Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. It is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Both diastolic and systolic dysfunction may occur in hypertensive heart disease. The ventricles are structurally and functionally interdependent on each other. This was an echocardiographic study intended to describe the impact of left ventricular pressure overload and hypertrophy due to hypertension on right ventricular morphology and function. Methods One hundred subjects with systemic hypertension and 50 age- and gender-matched normotensive control subjects were used for this study. Two-dimensional (2-D), M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic studies were done to evaluate the structure and function of both ventricles. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 16.0 (Chicago, Ill). Statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05. Results Age and gender were comparable between the two groups. Hypertensive subjects had significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness, left atrial dimensions and left ventricular mass and index. The mitral valve E/A ratio was reduced among hypertensive subjects when compared to normal controls (1.15 ± 0.75 vs 1.44 ± 0.31, respectively; p < 0.05). A similar pattern was found in the tricuspid E/A ratio (1.14 ± 0.36 vs 1.29 ± 0.30, respectively; p < 0.05). Hypertensive subjects also had reduced right ventricular internal dimensions (20.7 ± 8.0 vs 23.1 ± 3.1 mm, respectively; p < 0.001) but similar peak pulmonary systolic velocity. The mitral e/a ratio correlated well with the tricuspid e/a ratio. Conclusion Systemic hypertension is associated with right ventricular morphological and functional abnormalities. Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction may be an early clue to hypertensive heart disease.
Robust Spectral Clustering for Noisy Data: Modeling Sparse Corruptions Improves Latent Embeddings

Spectral clustering is one of the most prominent clustering approaches. However, it is highly sensitive to noisy input data. In this work, we propose a robust spectral clustering technique able to handle such scenarios. To achieve this goal, we propose a sparse and latent decomposition of the similarity graph used in spectral clustering. In our model, we jointly learn the spectral embedding as well as the corrupted data - thus, enhancing the clustering performance overall. We propose algorithmic solutions to all three established variants of spectral clustering, each showing linear complexity in the number of edges. Our experimental analysis confirms the significant potential of our approach for robust spectral clustering. Supplementary material is available at www.kdd. in.tum. de/RSC.
Housing adaptations from the perspectives of Swedish occupational therapists

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how occupational therapists in Sweden administer housing adaptation cases, how they perceive the housing adaptation process, and which improvements they consider necessary. Methods: A total of 1 679 occupational therapists employed by the county councils or the local authorities (and involved in housing adaptations) participated in a web-based survey. The survey targeted issues related to referral and needs identification, assessment, certification, case progress feedback, and evaluation. Results: Less than half of the occupational therapists systematized the assessment prior to intervention and very few conducted any evaluation afterwards. Feedback from workmen or grant managers to the occupational therapists on each case's adaptation progress was often asked for but rarely given. The majority of the participants were satisfied with the housing adaptation process in general, while at the same time they indicated a need for further improvements in the process. Differences between occupational therapists related to employer and year of graduation were found on the majority of the targeted issues. Conclusions: To conclude, to a very large extent housing adaptations seem to be based on non-standardized procedures for assessment, and only a few of them are evaluated systematically.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Promotes Repair of Chronically Demyelinated White Matter

In multiple sclerosis, remyelination becomes limited after repeated or prolonged episodes of demyelination. To test the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) in recovery from chronic demyelination we induced corpus callosum demyelination using cuprizone treatment in hPDGF-A transgenic (tg) mice with the human PDGF-A gene under control of an astrocyte-specific promoter. After chronic demyelination and removal of cuprizone from the diet, remyelination and oligodendrocyte density improved significantly in hPDGF-A tg mice compared with wild-type mice. In hPDGF-A tg mice, oligodendrocyte progenitor density and proliferation values were increased in the corpus callosum during acute demyelination but not during chronic demyelination or the subsequent recovery period, compared with hPDGF-A tg mice without cuprizone or to treatment-matched wild-type mice. Proliferation within the subventricular zone and subcallosal zone was elevated throughout cuprizone treatment but was not different between hPDGF-A tg and wild-type mice. Importantly, hPDGF-A tg mice had reduced apoptosis in the corpus callosum during the recovery period after chronic demyelination. Therefore, PDGF-A may support oligodendrocyte generation and survival to promote remyelination of chronic lesions. Furthermore, preventing oligodendrocyte apoptosis may be important not only during active demyelination but also for supporting the generation of new oligodendrocytes to remyelinate chronic lesions.
Efficacy and Safety of Single and Repeated Administration of 1 Gram Intravenous Acetaminophen Injection (Paracetamol) for Pain Management after Major Orthopedic Surgery

Background: Intravenous acetaminophen injection (paracetamol) is marketed in Europe for the management of acute pain. A repeated-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-parallel group study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous acetaminophen as compared with its prodrug (propacetamol) and placebo. Propacetamol has been available in many European countries for more than 20 yr. Methods: After orthopedic surgery, patients reporting moderate to severe pain received either 1 g intravenous acetaminophen, 2 g propacetamol, or placebo at 6-h intervals over 24 h. Patients were allowed “rescue” intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine. Pain intensity, pain relief, and morphine use were measured at selected intervals. Safety was monitored through adverse event reporting, clinical examination, and laboratory testing. Results: One hundred fifty-one patients (intravenous acetaminophen: 49; propacetamol: 50; placebo: 52) received at least one dose of study medication. The intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol groups differed significantly from the placebo group regarding pain relief from 15 min to 6 h (P < 0.05) and median time to morphine rescue (intravenous acetaminophen: 3 h; propacetamol: 2.6 h; placebo: 0.8 h). Intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol significantly reduced morphine consumption over the 24-h period: The total morphine doses received over 24 h were 38.3 ± 35.1 mg for intravenous acetaminophen, 40.8 ± 30.2 mg for propacetamol, and 57. 4 ± 52.3 mg for placebo, corresponding to decreases of −33% (19 mg) and −29% (17 mg) for intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol, respectively. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 8.2%, 50% (most of them local), and 17.3% of patients treated with intravenous acetaminophen, propacetamol, and placebo, respectively. Conclusion: Intravenous acetaminophen, 1 g, administered over a 24-h period in patients with moderate to severe pain after orthopedic surgery provided rapid and effective analgesia and was well tolerated.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma: current therapy and potential therapeutic advances based on genomic profiling

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with high potential for recurrence and metastasis. Efficacy of current treatment options, particularly for advanced disease, is very limited. Recent whole genome and exome sequencing has dramatically improved our understanding of ACC pathogenesis. A balanced translocation resulting in the MYB-NFIB fusion gene appears to be a fundamental signature of ACC. In addition, sequencing has identified a number of other driver genes mutated in downstream pathways common to other well-studied cancers. Overexpression of oncogenic proteins involved in cell growth, adhesion, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis are also present in ACC. Collectively, studies have identified genes and proteins for targeted, mechanism-based, therapies based on tumor phenotypes, as opposed to nonspecific cytotoxic agents. In addition, although few studies in ACC currently exist, immunotherapy may also hold promise. Better genetic understanding will enable treatment with novel targeted agents and initial exploration of immune-based therapies with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with ACC.
Maryland adults' knowledge of oral cancer and having oral cancer examinations.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine (1) knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer, (2) knowledge of signs and symptoms of oral cancers, and (3) factors associated with having had an oral cancer examination among 916 Maryland adults 18 years of age and older. METHODS A statewide, random-digit dial, computer-assisted telephone survey was conducted. The pretested instrument consisted of 32 questions that required 12 minutes to complete. RESULTS Overall, level of knowledge about risk factors for and signs and symptoms of oral cancers was low; misinformation was high. Although 85 percent reported hearing about oral or mouth cancer, only 28 percent of the respondents reported having had an oral cancer examination. Of these, 20 percent had the exam during the past year--the recommended frequency for persons 40 years of age or older. In logistic regression analysis, adults more likely to have had an oral cancer examination included those who thought personal behavior causes more cancer than environmental factors; had more knowledge about risk factors for oral cancer; and were 40-64 years of age, white, and better educated than their counterparts (P < .05). The primary reasons for not having an exam were "no reason/didn't know I should" and "doctor/dentist didn't recommend. " CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a need for interventions designed to increase knowledge levels of risk factors for, signs, and symptoms of oral cancers and the need for oral cancer examinations; and to increase oral cancer examinations.
The human GIMAP5 gene has a common polyadenylation polymorphism increasing risk to systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Several members of the GIMAP gene family have been suggested as being involved in different aspects of the immune system in different species. Recently, a mutation in the GIMAP5 gene was shown to cause lymphopenia in a rat model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes. Thus it was hypothesised that genetic variation in GIMAP5 may be involved in susceptibility to other autoimmune disorders where lymphopenia is a key feature, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Material and methods: To investigate this, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in GIMAP5 were analysed in five independent sets of family-based SLE collections, containing more than 2000 samples. Result: A significant increase in SLE risk associated with the most common GIMAP5 haplotype was found (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54, p = 0.0033). In families with probands diagnosed with trombocytopenia, the risk was increased (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.09, p = 0.0153). The risk haplotype bears a polymorphic polyadenylation signal which alters the 3′ part of GIMAP5 mRNA by producing an inefficient polyadenylation signal. This results in higher proportion of non-terminated mRNA for homozygous individuals (p<0.005), a mechanism shown to be causal in thalassaemias. To further assess the functional effect of the polymorphic polyadenylation signal in the risk haplotype, monocytes were treated with several cytokines affecting apoptosis. All the apoptotic cytokines induced GIMAP5 expression in two monocyte cell lines (1.5–6 times, p<0.0001 for all tests). Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest the role of GIMAP5 in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Complete Plastome Sequences from Glycine syndetika and Six Additional Perennial Wild Relatives of Soybean

Organelle sequences have a long history of utility in phylogenetic analyses. Chloroplast sequences when combined with nuclear data can help resolve relationships among flowering plant genera, and within genera incongruence can point to reticulate evolution. Plastome sequences are becoming plentiful because they are increasingly easier to obtain. Complete plastome sequences allow us to detect rare rearrangements and test the tempo of sequence evolution. Chloroplast sequences are generally considered a nuisance to be kept to a minimum in bacterial artificial chromosome libraries. Here, we sequenced two bacterial artificial chromosomes per species to generate complete plastome sequences from seven species. The plastome sequences from Glycine syndetika and six other perennial Glycine species are similar in arrangement and gene content to the previously published soybean plastome. Repetitive sequences were detected in high frequencies as in soybean, but further analysis showed that repeat sequence numbers are inflated. Previous chloroplast-based phylogenetic trees for perennial Glycine were incongruent with nuclear gene–based phylogenetic trees. We tested whether the hypothesis of introgression was supported by the complete plastomes. Alignment of complete plastome sequences and Bayesian analysis allowed us to date putative hybridization events supporting the hypothesis of introgression and chloroplast “capture. ”
When Gravity Fails: Local Search Topology

Local search algorithms for combinatorial search problems frequently encounter a sequence of states in which it is impossible to improve the value of the objective function; moves through these regions, called plateau moves, dominate the time spent in local search. We analyze and characterize plateaus for three different classes of randomly generated Boolean Satisfiability problems. We identify several interesting features of plateaus that impact the performance of local search algorithms. We show that local minima tend to be small but occasionally may be very large. We also show that local minima can be escaped without unsatisfying a large number of clauses, but that systematically searching for an escape route may be computationally expensive if the local minimum is large. We show that plateaus with exits, called benches, tend to be much larger than minima, and that some benches have very few exit states which local search can use to escape. We show that the solutions (i.e., global minima) of randomly generated problem instances form clusters, which behave similarly to local minima. We revisit several enhancements of local search algorithms and explain their performance in light of our results. Finally we discuss strategies for creating the next generation of local search algorithms.
Transmit antenna selection schemes for MISO-NOMA cooperative downlink transmissions with hybrid SWIPT protocol

In this paper, we investigate outage performance and diversity gain of transmit antenna selection (TAS) schemes in two-user multiple-input single-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MISO-NOMA) cooperative downlink transmissions. To this end, two TAS criteria, namely Criterion I and Criterion II, are proposed, which select an antenna that experiences the best fading condition of the channel from the source to the far user and to the near user, respectively. Additionally, considering the near user as a relay to help improve the reliability of the far user, hybrid simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) architecture is adopted to power the near user's relaying operation. Tight closed-form approximate expressions for the outage probability (OP) of both users are derived. Numerical results reveal that Criterion I and II achieve, respectively, the diversity order of K + 1 and 2 at the far user, and 1 and K at the near user, where K denotes the number of transmit antennas at the base station.