Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Galactic Disk Distribution of Planetary Nebulae With Warm Dust Emission Features: I

Can the distribution of warm-dust compositions in IR-bright galactic disk PNe be linked to the underlying stellar population? The PNe with warm dust emission represent a homogeneous population, which is presumably young and minimally affected by a possible dependence of PN lifetime on progenitor mass. The sample in paper I thus allows testing the predictions of single star evolution, through a comparison with synthetic distributions and under the assumption that tip-of-the-AGB and PN statistics are similar. We construct a schematic model for AGB evolution (adapted from Groenewegen & de Jong 1993), whose free-parameters are calibrated with the luminosity function (LF) of C stars in the LMC, the initial-final mass relation, and the range of PN compositions. The observed metallicity gradient and distribution of star forming regions with galactocentric radius (Bronfman et al. 2000) allow us to synthesise the galactic disk PN progenitor population. We find the fraction of O-rich PNe, f(O), is a tight constraint on AGB parameters. For our best model, a minimum PN progenitor mass Mmin=1Msun predicts that about 50% of all young PNe should be O-rich, compared to an observed fraction of 22%; thus Mmin=1.2Msun, at a 2sigma confidence level. By contrast, current AGB models for single stars can account neither for the continuous range of N enrichment (Leisy & Dennefeld 1996), nor for the observation that the majority of very C-rich PNe have Peimbert type I (paper I). f(O) is thus an observable much easier to model. The decrease in f(O) with galactocentric radius, as reported in paper I, is a strong property of the synthetic distribution, independent of Mmin. This trend reflects the sensitivity of the surface temperature of AGB stars and of the core mass at the first thermal pulse to the galactic metallicity gradient.
Effect of a High Sucrose Diet Metabolic Syndrome in the Rat : Females Are Protected Against the Pro-Oxidant 2002

Experimental Biology and Medicine Jérôme Busserolles, Andrzej Mazur, Elyett Gueux, Edmond Rock and Yves Rayssiguier Effect of a High Sucrose Diet Metabolic Syndrome in the Rat: Females Are Protected Against the Pro-Oxidant 2002, 227:837-842. Experimental Biology and Medicine http://ebm.rsmjournals. com/content/227/9/837 Updated information and services can be found at: http://ebm.rsmjournals. com/content/227/9/837#BIBL This article cites 40 articles, 16 of which can be accessed free at: http://ebm.rsmjournals. com/content/227/9/837#otherarticles 3 online articles that cite this articles can be accessed at:
Imperfect information and monetary models: multiple shocks and their consequences

This paper examines the role of multiple aggregate shocks in monetary models with imperfect information. Because agents can draw mistaken inferences about which shock has occurred, the existence of multiple aggregate shocks profoundly influences macroeconomic dynamics. In particular, after a contractionary monetary shock these models can generate an initial increase in inflation (the "price puzzle") and a delayed disinflation (a "hump"). A conservative numerical illustration exhibits these patterns. In addition, the model shows that increased price flexibility is potentially destabilizing.
Limited Segregation of Different Types of Sound Localization Information among Classes of Units in the Inferior Colliculus

The auditory system uses three cues to decode sound location: interaural time differences (ITDs), interaural level differences (ILDs), and spectral notches (SNs). Initial processing of these cues is done in separate brainstem nuclei, with ITDs in the medial superior olive, ILDs in the lateral superior olive, and SNs in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. This work addresses the nature of the convergence of localization information in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC). Ramachandran et al. (1999) argued that ICC neurons of types V, I, and O, respectively, receive their predominant inputs from ITD-, ILD-, and SN-sensitive brainstem nuclei, suggesting that these ICC response types should be differentially sensitive to localization cues. Here, single-unit responses to simultaneous manipulation of pairs of localization cues were recorded, and the mutual information between discharge rate and individual cues was quantified. Although rate responses to cue variation were generally consistent with those expected from the hypothesized anatomical connections, the differences in information were not as large as expected. Type I units provide the most information, especially about SNs in the physiologically useful range. Type I and O units provide information about ILDs, even at low frequencies at which actual ILDs are very small. ITD information is provided by a subset of all low-frequency neurons. Type V neurons provide information mainly about ITDs and the average binaural intensity. These results are the first to quantify the relative representation of cues in terms of information and suggest a variety of degrees of cue integration in the ICC.
A reversible watermarking prediction based scheme using a new sorting technique

The prediction error expansion technique is one of the reversible watermarking techniques. The sorting technique exploits the correlation between neighboring pixels for optimizing embedding order hence sorting is a fundamental step to enhance the embedding capacity and visual quality. In this paper a new sorting technique is designed to improve the hiding capacity and visual quality. Using of prediction expansion, histogram shifting and our new sorting technique produces superior results than several methods. We use a new measure for sorting the cells and we show that using only local variance values for sorting is ineffective in some cases. By using the new measure we can solve this problem and lead to more efficient sorting procedure. Experimental results show the efficiency of our proposed sorting procedure.
Differences in pain perception during open muscle biopsy and Bergstroem needle muscle biopsy

Purpose Open surgical muscle biopsy (OB) and percutaneous Bergstroem needle muscle biopsy (NB) are equally accepted procedures. However, there are no data comparing intraprocedural pain for both techniques. We designed this prospective trial to test the hypothesis that the less invasive NB causes less intraprocedural pain than OB. Methods In a two-center prospective trial, 33 patients underwent both procedures in one session. All patients quantified intraprocedural pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS). Mean NRS values were calculated along with the difference in NRS values (ΔNRS) between both types of biopsies. Results Mean NRS values were 4.5 (±2.7 standard deviation [SD]) for NB and 3.2 (±2.1) for OB (P=0.02). Of the patients, 57.6% described the ΔNRS as ≤2 NRS points. Regarding the pain categories “mild” (NRS 0–3), “moderate” (NRS 4–7), and “severe” (NRS 8–10), no significant difference was observed between NB and OB. Patients who found NB to be more uncomfortable were more likely to quantify the ΔNRS as >2 NRS points than patients finding OB more uncomfortable. Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis that intraprocedural pain in NB is less than in OB. When informing the patient about both types of muscle biopsies, the amount of intraprocedural pain should not serve as a differentiating characteristic.
Financial Market Integration of South Asian Countries

The present study observes the relationship between Indian stock markets and some leading South Asian countries based on believed whether Indian equity market is more proficient than the other south Asian markets. Financial market integration has provoked the challenges to emerging economies to grow at an extraordinary pace for promoting domestic savings, foreign capital inflows and economic growth. To explore these relationships we have used the daily stock indices from August, 2002 to August, 2011 by applying bivariate and multivariate co-integration tests and the Granger causality tests. The result shows both long-run and short-run association among the selected markets. The investors can reap benefit during short-run rather than in the long-run. Keywords: Stock Markets, Stock Prices, Developing Countries, Multivariate Co-integration, Granger Causality
Dusky-footed woodrat abundance in different-aged forests in northwestern California

Because dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) are important prey species of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), we estimated their abundance in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)/tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora) forests of different ages in northwestern California. We surveyed and woodrats in 6-8 stands in each of 5 seral stages during the summers of 1988-90. We used belt transects to compute nest density, and livetrapped at nest sites to estimate woodrat numbers per nest. Combining these 2 sources of information provided an estimate of woodrat densities, which were highest in sapling/brushy poletimber stands, followed by seedling/shrub and large old-growth stands. Woodrats were not found in small sawtimber stands and rarely occurred in large sawtimber stands
Histologic Evaluation of Bone Healing Capacity Following Application of Inorganic Bovine Bone and a New Allograft Material in Rabbit Calvaria

Objectives: Considering the importance of bone augmentation prior to implant placement in order to obtain adequate bone quality and quantity, many studies have been conducted to evaluate different techniques and materials regarding new bone formation. In this study, we investigated the bone healing capacity of two different materials deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM with the trade name of Bio-Oss) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA with the trade name of DynaGraft). Materials and Methods: This randomized blinded prospective study was conducted on twelve New Zealand white rabbits. Three cranial defects with an equal diameter were created on their calvarium. Subsequently, they were distributed into three groups: 1. The control group without any treatment; 2. The Bio-Oss group; 3. The DynaGraft group. After 30 days, the animals were sacrificed for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Results: Substantial new bone formation was observed in both groups. DynaGraft: 56/1 % ± 15/1 and Bio-Oss: 53/55 % ± 13/5 compared to the control group: 28/6 % ± 11/2. All groups showed slight inflammation and a small amount of residual biomaterial was observed. Conclusion: Considerable new bone formation was demonstrated in both DynaGraft and Bio-Oss groups in comparison with the control group. Both materials are considered biocompatible regarding the negligible foreign body reaction.
Modification of ovulatory mechanisms by postnatal administration of estrogen to the rat.

The current studies have demonstrated that the single injection of 100 µg estradiol benzoate to 5-day-old female rats results in permanent sterility. When adult, these rats exhibit anovulatory vaginal cycles in which the stage of vaginal cornification predominates; they mate, but not in correlation with the vaginal cycle. Ovulation is not induced by mating or by progesterone injections, and only infrequently following electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. By varying the amount of estrogen administered it was found that 5 µg is the minimal dosage capable of inducing this sterility syndrome. These and other data suggest that the female pattern of cyclic release of gonadotrophins differentiates in the absence of significant estrogen titers.
Technological Implications of Modifying the Extent of Cell Wall-Proanthocyanidin Interactions Using Enzymes

The transference and reactivity of proanthocyanidins is an important issue that affects the technological processing of some fruits, such as grapes and apples. These processes are affected by proanthocyanidins bound to cell wall polysaccharides, which are present in high concentrations during the processing of the fruits. Therefore, the effective extraction of proanthocyanidins from fruits to their juices or derived products will depend on the ability to manage these associations, and, in this respect, enzymes that degrade these polysaccharides could play an important role. The main objective of this work was to test the role of pure hydrolytic enzymes (polygalacturonase and cellulose) and a commercial enzyme containing these two activities on the extent of proanthocyanidin-cell wall interactions. The results showed that the modification promoted by enzymes reduced the amount of proanthocyanidins adsorbed to cell walls since they contributed to the degradation and release of the cell wall polysaccharides, which diffused into the model solution. Some of these released polysaccharides also presented some reactivity towards the proanthocyanidins present in a model solution.
Process Definition : a Reuse-based Approach

Software product development has been taking advantage of reuse techniques for some decades. Concepts like software components, architectures, and product lines have been successfully applied in several contexts to develop software products, although some difficulties are still faced. Software processes have strong similarities with software products, and some researchers argue that they are software too. Therefore, we believe that software processes may take advantage of some benefits expected by the use of existing software products reuse techniques, adapted to software processes. It is also possible that similar difficulties are faced. This paper presents a software process definition approach based on reuse techniques, which aims at making some of the benefits expected by software product reuse available to software process definition activities. Concepts such as process components, architectures, process lines and features are described and used. We describe the proposed approach, tools developed to support it, and also results of a survey on the expected benefits and difficulties on software process reuse in the point of view of experienced software process engineers.
Optimal Sampling Under a Geostatistical Model

Soil sampling has long been advocated as a means of improving the efficiency of fertility management decisions by better matching fertilizer applications with crop nutrient requirements and nutrient availability. Advances in mapping and sensing technologies have renewed interest in soil sampling as a means of moving to variable rate technologies (VRT) whereby a farmer varies fertilizer applications across space and/or time. This paper develops a framework for determining the optimal number of soil samples when applying nitrogen fertilizer under a variable rate program.
Wronged by Empire: Post-Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and China

Although India and China have very different experiences of colonialism, they respond to that history in a similar way-by treating it as a collective trauma. As a result they have a strong sense of victimization that affects their foreign policy decisions even today. Wronged by Empire breaks new ground by blending this historical phenomenon, colonialism, with mixed methods-including archival research, newspaper data mining, and a new statistical method of content analysis-to explain the foreign policy choices of India and China: two countries that are continuously discussed but very rarely rigorously compared. By reference to their colonial past, Manjari Chatterjee Miller explains their puzzling behavior today. More broadly, she argues that the transformative historical experience of a large category of actors-ex-colonies, who have previously been neglected in the study of international relations-can be used as a method to categorize states in the international system. In the process Miller offers a more inclusive way to analyze states than do traditional theories of international relations.
Copper Price, Fiscal Policu and Business Cycle in Chile

This paper analyzes the impact of copper-price shocks on the Chilean business cycle from a general equilibrium perspective. Using a DSGE model, we compare the effects of transitory copper-price shocks under different fiscal rules. The results show that if the fiscal policy is conducted using a structural balance fiscal rule, such that the government saves most of the extra revenues from the higher copper price, then a copper price shock of 10% would increase output only by 0.05% and there would be a slight decrease in inflation. This last effect occurs due to a real appreciation of the exchange that compensates a slight increase in domestic goods inflation. In contrast, when fiscal policy is highly expansive, the same copper price increase implies an output expansion of up to 0.7%, an increase in inflation, and a real exchange rate appreciate of 0.2%. We show that the adoption of a flexible exchange rate regime would have contributed to isolate output (and inflation) from copper price shocks, although our quantification of the effect of this change in policy is small. We also show that if the structural balance fiscal rule lacks credibility, then a copper price shock would lead to much higher inflation than under full credibility.
Relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents: focus on current high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant

Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most common cancers of adolescence and young adulthood. Most patients are cured of their disease, with very high cure rates in early stage disease and improving rates of cure even in those who present with advanced stage disease. Upfront therapy often involves chemotherapy and radiation therapy; with improving cure rates, acute and late effects of therapy are informing newer treatment protocols to avoid toxicities. Those children and adolescents with refractory or relapsed disease have lower rates of cure and generally warrant more intensive therapy. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation is often administered in such cases. This intensive intervention can be curative, but carries additional risks in the short and long term. This review includes a discussion of both transplant and non-transplant therapy for relapsed disease, commonly employed conditioning regimens, acute and late toxicities of therapy, as well as quality of life data. In addition, newer approaches to therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma are reviewed, with a focus on how such novel
Eliminating ‘Yuck’: A Simple Exposition of Media and Social Change in Water Reuse Policies

Water reuse is an efficient way of managing water resources in cities, but reuse policies have often been derailed by the ‘yuck’ factor. While yuck has often been thought of as a problem of public acceptance, this paper argues that there is a more profitable way to frame the issue—as a form of social construct by the media, forming the basis of new learning by the public. This is then illustrated by way of an analysis of newspaper articles in Australia and Singapore. Some preliminary implications for norm formation and possibilities for theory-building are discussed.
STRUKTUR PASAR INDUSTRI PERBANKAN INDONESIA: ROSSE-PANZAR TEST

The purpose of Â this Â research Â is Â to Â determine how Â the market Â structure of banking industry Â in Â Indonesia. The research using Rosse-Panzar Test Â (PR) methods. Using panel Â data Â of Â 10 Â banks Â in Â Indonesia which Â has Â the Â largest asset Â ratings, Â this PRapproach will produce H-Stat value which Â is Â the sum of Â three main coefficients ofbanking inputs (labor, capital and funds). With H-Stat valued at 0.931 can be con-cluded that the Indonesian banking industry into the category of monopolistic mar-ket.
Estimando a Aversão ao Risco, a Taxa de Desconto Intertemporal, e a Substutibilidade Intertemporal do Consumo no Brasil usando Três tipos de Função Utilidade (Versão Preliminar)

Este trabalho estima, usando o metodo generalizado dos momentos e dados brasileiros, os parâmetros estruturais do modelo CCAPM (consumption capital asset pricing model) a partir de tres classes de funcoes utilidade distintas: funcao utilidade potencia (CES/CRRA), utilidade com habito externo, e aversao ao desapontamento (Kreps-Porteus). Estes parâmetros estruturais estao associados a aversao ao risco, a elasticidade de substituicao intertemporal no consumo e a taxa de desconto intertemporal da utilidade futura, o foco central desse artigo. Os resultados aqui obtidos sao analisados e comparados com resultados anteriores para dados brasileiros e americanos.
Demographic and Socio-economic Determinants of Smoking Behavior: Evidence from Vietnam

Smoking is a leading cause for diseases and death. Information on factors affecting the smoking status is useful for policies on smoking reduction, especially in developing countries. This paper examines to what extent individuals' characteristics are correlated with the smoking status using a household survey in Vietnam. It is found that gender and age are the most crucial determinants of smoking. Middle-aged men is the main users of tobacco. Other important factors associated with the decision on smoking are education and employment. People with low education are more likely to smoke. Working people have a higher probability of smoking than non-working people. Marital status also matters to the smoking status. Being widowed increases the probability of smoking and reduces the probability of smoking cessation.
Design, development and testing of a morphing aspect ratio wing using an inflatable telescopic spar

This paper discusses the design, development and testing of an inflatable telescopic wing that permits a change in the aspect ratio while simultaneously supporting structural wing loads. The key element of the wing consists of a pressurized telescopic spar that can undergo large-scale spanwise changes while supporting wing loadings in excess of 15 lbs/ft. The wing cross-section is maintained by NACA0012 rib sections fixed at the end of each element of the telescopic spar. Telescopic skins are used to preserve the spanwise airfoil geometry and ensure compact storage and deployment of the telescopic wing. A small scale telescopic wing assembly was tested in a free jet wind tunnel facility at a variety of Reynolds numbers (182000, 273000, 363000 and 454000). The telescopic wing was deployed from 7 inches to 15”. Experimental wind tunnel results were compared to rigid fixed wing test specimen to compare the performance of the telescopic wing. Preliminary aerodynamic results are promising for the variable aspect ratio telescopic wing. Overall, the telescopic wing at maximum deployment did incur a slightly larger drag penalty and a reduced lift to drag ratio. Thus, it may be possible to develop UAVs with variable aspect ratio wings using inflatable telescopic spars and skin sections. Graduate Research Assistant, Aerospace Engineering Dept. † Undergraduate Student, Aerospace Engineering Dept. Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering Dept., Associate Fellow of AIAA Nomenclature a Lift curve slope a0 Theoretical lift curve slope a Angle of attack (degrees) a i Induced angle of attack (degrees) AR Aspect ratio b Wingspan (ft) c Chord length (ft) cf Specific fuel consumption CL Lift coefficient CD Drag coefficient CD,0 Induced Drag coefficient at α = 0 CD,i Induced Drag coefficient e Span efficiency factor E Endurance ID Inside Diameter l Length L Lift force m Mass (lbs) ? Propeller efficiency μ Viscosity OD Outside Diameter P Pressure (Psi) q Dynamic pressure R Range Re Reynolds Number ? Density (lbs/ft ) S Surface area of the wing t Thickness (ft) V Speed (ft/s) W0 Gross weight (with full fuel an payload) W1 Empty weight (lbs) 8 Freestream