Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Korean Shock Society septic shock registry: a preliminary report

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes of patients with septic shock admitted to the emergency department (ED). Methods This study was a preliminary, descriptive analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational registry of the EDs of 10 hospitals participating in the Korean Shock Society. Patients aged 19 years or older who had a suspected or confirmed infection and evidence of refractory hypotension or hypoperfusion were included. Results A total of 468 patients were enrolled (median age, 71.3 years; male, 55.1%; refractory hypotension, 82.9%; hyperlactatemia without hypotension, 17.1%). Respiratory infection was the most common source of infection (31.0%). The median Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score was 7.5. The sepsis bundle compliance was 91.2% for lactate measurement, 70.3% for blood culture, 68.4% for antibiotic administration, 80.3% for fluid resuscitation, 97.8% for vasopressor application, 68.0% for central venous pressure measurement, 22.0% for central venous oxygen saturation measurement, and 59.2% for repeated lactate measurement. Among patients who underwent interventions for source control (n=117, 25.1%), 43 (36.8%) received interventions within 12 hours of ED arrival. The in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates were 22.9%, 21.8%, and 27.1%, respectively. The median ED and hospital lengths of stay were 6.8 hours and 12 days, respectively. Conclusion This preliminary report revealed a mortality of over 20% in patients with septic shock, which suggests that there are areas for improvement in terms of the quality of initial resuscitation and outcomes of septic shock patients in the ED.
Structured and Unstructured Overlays under the Microscope: A Measurement-based View of Two P2P Systems That People Use

Existing peer-to-peer systems rely on overlay network protocols for object storage and retrieval and message routing. These overlay protocols can be broadly classified as structured and unstructured - structured overlays impose constraints on the network topology for efficient object discovery, while unstructured overlays organize nodes in a random graph topology that is arguably more resilient to peer population transiency. There is an ongoing discussion on the pros and cons of both approaches. This paper contributes to the discussion a multiple-site, measurement-based study of two operational and widely-deployed file-sharing systems. The two protocols are evaluated in terms of resilience, message overhead, and query performance. We validate our findings and further extend our conclusions through detailed analysis and simulation experiments.
Study On A Reflective Architecture To Provide Efficient Dynamic Resource Management For Highly-Paral

Recent progress in implementations of object-oriented concurrent programming languages on highly-parallel processors makes it feasible to construct large-scale parallel applications having complicated structures. Such applications can not exhibit good performance without dynamic resource management (e.g., load-balancing and object scheduling) tailored to the characteristics of the applications and/or machine architectures. Since dynamic resource management systems are usually intertwined with the language implementation, modi cation/extension of the management systems requires complicated programming in the low-level language. Re ective systems can provide abstractions to modify/extend the implementation-level facilities within the application-level language. This study proposes a re ective architecture of an object-oriented concurrent language for highly-parallel processors to provide resource management systems for parallel applications. To make our architecture practical, much attention is payed on balancing the trade-o s between extensibility and e ciency; we examine the requirements for realistic applications by developing resource management systems for search problems andN -body simulation, and design the architecture based on the requirements. The architecture is evaluated by experiments through a prototype system running on a parallel computer. ` a b c ox}  ̄x}¿ÏÅ3⁄4ÁËkgi ̄fz ̄~ ̄âí®μ·ïùüav­m÷» ̈x}1⁄4ÐÚÃòÄØÞ ̄må%á«­§©¦ð ̄μ­1⁄4ÐÚÃòÄØÞ»j|μn¤ ̧ ¦3®°ï1⁄4ÐÚÃòÄØÞ ̄ ́ 1⁄4òÀÊÁÈÖ®#£©ïìó­u&w ́ÆÃÅ×òÚ ÞÂ­¬ ̄ßëe{»ê¤ ̧s  ̧ð ï 1¶ ̄e{ÄÆÊÕ°ïgi ̄nÄ ÆÊÕ­¬®õ2p±1©ô¡1© ̧¦3ïyl ́áç ̄¦3®°ïéÜÒÛgi®μ ̧r ­ÐÝÂÙÔÞÂs a§¦ðû~a°ïhã" ï¥ ̄μ­giö®o ̧á »ï1⁄4ÐÚÃòÄØÞÜÒÛ ̄giaÿ! ®ylñç¤ ̧¦3 ̄1⁄2ÞÇÎ3⁄4òÆ»ê¤ ̧î®æý ¢ïox} k ̄x}¿ÏÅ3⁄4ÁËkgi ̄hã"1⁄4òÀÊÁÈÖ»ê ¤ ̧ðà®ïh ã" ̄ ̈ç«¿òÍÑÉÌ ̄ÍÙÞÆ»« ̧¦3®ïäþú ́N øÄÔ×ÜòÄØÞ­¬ ̄që­1⁄4ÐÚÃòÄØÞk ̄ÆÃÅ×òÚÞÂñÓ1⁄2ÂÜòÄØÞ» ­ÄÆÊÕ ̄» è¢©ï1⁄4òÀÊÁÈÖ ̄ô» ­ð¡¶®ïx}  ̄ÐÝËÇ1⁄2ÐÄÆÊÕa ̄d® μ§©ïê ¢¦1⁄4òÀÊÁÈÖ ̄t$» ­ð
Differential Item Functioning: The Consequence of Language, Curriculum, or Culture?

In recent decades, the use of large-scale standardized international assessments has increased drastically as a way to evaluate and compare the quality of education across countries. In order to make valid international comparisons, the primary requirement is to ensure the measurement equivalence between the different language versions of these assessments due to their multilingual and cross-cultural nature. In this study, we investigated the measurement equivalence of one of the most popular international assessments, PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), between U.S. and Canadian, Hong Kong and mainland Chinese, and U.S. and mainland Chinese students. Both unidimensional and multidimensional random coefficient multinomial logit model (RCML) were applied to detect differential item functioning (DIF). Furthermore, we exerted great efforts to identify possible explanations of DIF via detailed content analyses. The results showed that the number of DIF items is the smallest between Canadian and U.S. students and the largest between U.S. and Chinese students. We also noticed that for all three comparisons the number of DIF items reduced significantly when we analyzed the data using the multidimensional approach. Our content analysis revealed that language difference only accounted for a small proportion of DIF between U.S. and Chinese students, whereas differential curriculum coverage was found to be the most serious cause of DIF in both the Hong Kong-Mainland and the U.S.-Chinese comparisons. In addition, we found that differential content familiarity is also a potential cause of DIF. Further investigations of more potential sources of item bias require the collection of additional data.
Design Refinement Tools for a Teacher Education Curriculum: The Example of a Service Learning Course.

This article addresses the issue of the theory-practice divide in pre-service teacher education from the viewpoint of design-based research (DBR). Using the example of a course in service learning (SL), the authors discuss their reflection on a curriculum that failed to help the students convert declarative knowledge to procedures of pedagogy, or to internalise this knowledge to become part of their disposition as teachers. The students' theoretical work had remained in an epistemological apartheid zone where it did not meet with practice in either- procedural, conditional-, or reflective knowledge-making. The authors then explore part of a curriculum revision model as proposed by Ruthven et al. (2009) who use DBR principles for curriculum refinement, including some of their "intermediary framework" set of tools in a revision that aimed to create an interface for theory and practice.
Cellular Kinetics of Rat Mammary Gland Terminal End Bud Epithelium Exposed to jY-Methyl-Af-nitrosourea in yivo 1

Administration of the direct acting carcinogen V-nie'th>l\-nitrosourea (NMU) to 50-55-day-old virgin female rats on different days of the estrous cycle yields differential breast tumor biology (T. A. Ratko and C. W. Beattie, Cancer Res., 45: 3042-3047). One basis for these estrous cycle-dependent differences may be the duration of cell cycle stages of susceptible structures such as mammary terminal end buds or the quantity and duration of repair effected following adduct formation within these structures. The terminal end bud (TEB) epithelial cell cycle was characterized using pulse injections of [3H|thymidine (0.5 mCi/g body weight). On estrus, TEB epithelial cell cycle was significantly shorter (15.5 h) than on proestrus (19.9 h) and diestrus (18.8 h). The shorter duration in TEB cell cycle on estrus was likely due to a shorter Ta (3-4 h) (P < 0.05) since 7S and TG2did not differ between estrous cycle days. When NMU was injected 1 h after pH]thymidine, the la beled mitotic wave within TEB of diestrus rats recovered ~2-3 h sooner than those given injections during proestrus (/' < 0.01), suggesting less initial damage or a slightly faster rate of DNA adduct repair. When PHjthymidine was injected 1-5 days after the NMU, the percentage of labeled mitoses of rats given injections during diestrus and proestrus recovered to near normal 48 h after NMU, although the proportion of all cells labeled was still low compared to non-NMU-treated rats. The percentage of labeled mitoses and labeling of cells were normal 3 and 5 days after NMU. Rats receiving a carcinogenic but sublethal dose of NMU (5 mg/100 g body weight), followed by l'II|ili\nudine injection within 1 min, had one-half the intensity of thymidine incorporation into the terminal end bud DNA of non-NMU-treated rats. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was not demonstrable within the first 48 h following injection of NMU. The results support and extend the finding that rat mammary epithelial cell carcinogenicity of NMU is estrous cycle de pendent and appears to be correlated with a differential response in the cell cycle of TEB (shorter at estrus) or delayed recovery in response to NMU (proestrus versus diestrus).
Blastula-Stage Stem Cells Can Differentiate into Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurons after Transplantation

In order to assess the potential of embryonic stem cells to undergo neuronal differentiation in vivo, totipotent stem cells from mouse blastocysts (D3 and E14TG2a; previously expanded in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor) were transplanted, with or without retinoic acid pretreatment, into adult mouse brain, adult lesioned rat brain, and into the mouse kidney capsule. Intracerebral grafts survived in 61% of cyclosporine immunosuppressed rats and 100% of mouse hosts, exhibited variable size and morphology, and both intracerebral and kidney capsule grafts developed large numbers of cells exhibiting neuronal morphology and immunoreactivity for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and cells immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Though graft size and histology were variable, typical grafts of 5-10 mm3 contained 10-20,000 TH+ neurons, whereas dopamine-beta-hydroxylase+ cells were rare. Most grafts also included nonneuronal regions. In intracerebral grafts, large numbers of astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein were present. Both TH+ and 5-HT+ axons from intracerebral grafts grew into regions of the dopamine-lesioned host striatum. TH+ axons grew preferentially into striatal gray matter, while 5-HT+ axons showed no white/gray matter preference. These findings demonstrate that transplantation to the brain or kidney capsule can induce a significant fraction of totipotent embryonic stem cells to become putative dopaminergic or serotonergic neurons and that when transplanted to the brain these neurons are capable of innervating the adult host striatum.
Discordant Expression of Circulating microRNA from Cellular and Extracellular Sources

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has rapidly grown into one of the largest fields for disease characterization and development of clinical biomarkers. Consensus is lacking in regards to the optimal sample source or if different circulating sources are concordant. Here, using miRNA measurements from contemporaneously obtained whole blood- and plasma-derived RNA from 2391 individuals, we demonstrate that plasma and blood miRNA levels are divergent and may reflect different biological processes and disease associations.
Activated human platelets express Fas‐L and induce apoptosis in Fas‐positive tumor cells

In addition to their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are important modulators of immune and inflammatory responses. We provide evidence here that human platelets contain abundant quantities of Fas‐L, and upon activation, they express it on their surface as well as release it into medium. This surface‐expressed Fas‐L is biologically active and can induce apoptosis in Fas‐positive human tumor cells. Therefore, activated platelets may represent an important player in Fas/Fas‐L‐mediated apoptosis.
Designated fiber stress for wood poles

Wood poles have been used to support utility distribution lines for well over 100 years. Over that time, specifications for a “wood utility pole” have evolved from the closest available tree stem more than 15 ft in length to straight, durable timbers of lengths ranging up 125 ft and base diameters of as much as 27 in. The continued success of wood poles in this application is due in part to the development of consensus standards. These standards define the phrase “minimum acceptable” to the satisfaction of both users and producers. They also encourage more competitive pricing by relaxing species as well as quality limitations, opening the market to a broader range of available timber resources. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard ANSI O5.1 is an internationally recognized standard that has served as a guide for selecting the quality and size of wood utility poles for more than 70 years. From its inception, this standard has addressed issues of relative load capacity as well as physical quality to allow for species substitutions. In 2002, the relative strength evaluations previously published as a designated fiber stress took on added meaning when they were defined to represent the mean of the distribution of pole groundline strength values for various species. The change in meaning was accompanied by a more rigorous evaluation recognizing a change in strength with height and notation that pole strength distributions have a coefficient of variation of 20%. This paper reviews the history and philosophy of the ANSI designated fiber stress to help the reader more fully understand and appreciate the significance of changes adopted by the American Standards Committee O5 (ASC O5) in 2002.
Efficient Packing of Arbitrary Shaped Charts for Automatic Texture Atlas Generation

Texture atlases are commonly used as representations for mesh parameterizations in numerous applications including texture and normal mapping. Therefore, packing is an important post‐processing step that tries to place and orient the single parameterizations in a way that the available space is used as efficiently as possible. However, since packing is NP hard, only heuristics can be used in practice to find near‐optimal solutions. In this publication we introduce the new search space of modulo valid packings. The key idea thereby is to allow the texture charts to wrap around in the atlas. By utilizing this search space we propose a new algorithm that can be used in order to automatically pack texture atlases. In the evaluation section we show that our algorithm achieves solutions with a significantly higher packing efficiency when compared to the state of the art, especially for complex packing problems.
[Nutrition among Moroccan immigrants in the community of Madrid: factors affecting the choice of food].

OBJECTIVES To describe the main characteristics of the diet of Marrocan immigrants in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, and to explore the factors that may influence their selection of foods. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Two-stage cluster sampling of 179 immigrants. SETTING Health Area number 6 of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. PARTICIPANTS Marrocan immigrants, older than 14 years of age who had lived in Spain more than 3 months. INTERVENTIONS Personal interview including a 24-hours recall of food consumption. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression using SPSS 8.0 for Windows. RESULTS The factors that have a larger influence in the food consumed are the age of the person, whether the person lives in a couple or not, and whether the person is able to read and write in Spanish. Gender and number of years living in Spain had very limited or no influence in the food items referred to as consumed by the person. Conclusions. The results of our study contrast with findings from studies conducted in other countries. The diet of the immigrants in our study would seem to become more varied and balanced, and therefore improve, with the progression of the acculturation process, with age and in people who live with their partners. People who have migrated recently have a less varied diet and may be proned to suffer nutritional deficiences.
Treatment outcome of TB/HIV positive and TB/HIV negative patients on directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) in Sagamu, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE The World Health Organisation marked 10 years of implementation of Directly Observed Treatment short course (DOTS). One key factor affecting the success of the DOTS strategy is the rising HIV prevalence among TB patients. The study was embarked upon to compare the treatment outcome of TB/HIV positive and TB/HIV negative patients in Sagamu, Nigeria. METHODS A prospective study of 353 smear positive TB patients aged 15 years and above who were registered for 8 months anti-tuberculosis (DOTS) therapy between January 2001 and December 2003 at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. Treatment outcome indicators of cure, default, transfer to another district and death were assessed in relation to the HIV status of the patients. RESULTS There were 353 eligible patients of which 58 (16.4%) were HIV positive. The clinical symptoms and signs of TB were similar in both HIV positive and negative TB patients. The cure rate was 76.8%. patients. The cure rate was significantly lower in HIV infected compared with non-HIV infected TB patients (60.3% v 80.0%;p = 0.0001). However, among survivors it was not significant (71.4% v 82.5%; p = 0.07). Overall mortality was 5.1% which was significantly higher in HIV positive compared to HIV negative TB patients (15.5% v 3.1%; p = 0.00007). On the whole, 17% defaulted treatment and 1.1% failed treatment. These were however not significantly related to HIV status. CONCLUSION The cure rate in this study is still lower than the recommended 85% target by the WHO. Mortality rate in TB/HIV positive patients was higher than in HIV negative patients. The option of a community based TB programme using volunteers or family members to supervise administration of anti-TB drugs so as to ensure adherence to TB treatment may be considered.
FERONIA receptor kinase pathway suppresses abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis by activating ABI2 phosphatase

Plant growth and development are controlled by a delicate balance of hormonal cues. Growth-promoting hormones and growth-inhibiting counterparts often antagonize each other in their action, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these events remain largely unknown. Here, we report a cross-talk mechanism that enables a receptor-like kinase, FERONIA (FER), a positive regulator of auxin-promoted growth, to suppress the abscisic acid (ABA) response through activation of ABI2, a negative regulator of ABA signaling. The FER pathway consists of a FER kinase interacting with guanine exchange factors GEF1, GEF4, and GEF10 that, in turn, activate GTPase ROP11/ARAC10. Arabidopsis mutants disrupted in any step of the FER pathway, including fer, gef1gef4gef10, or rop11/arac10, all displayed an ABA-hypersensitive response, implicating the FER pathway in the suppression mechanism. In search of the target for the FER pathway, we found that the ROP11/ARAC10 protein physically interacted with the ABI2 phosphatase and enhanced its activity, thereby linking the FER pathway with the inhibition of ABA signaling.
Effects of Cultivar and Maternal Environment on Seed Quality in Vicia sativa

Production of high quality seeds is of fundamental importance for successful crop production. However, knowledge of the effects of increased temperature resulting from global warming on seed quality of alpine species is limited. We investigated the effect of maternal environment on seed quality of three cultivars of the leguminous forage species Vicia sativa, giving particular attention to temperature. Plants of each cultivar were grown at 1700 and 3000 m a.s. l. , and mass, germination, electrical conductivity (EC) of leakage and longevity were determined for mature seeds. Seeds of all three cultivars produced at the low elevation had a significantly lower mass and longevity but higher EC of leachate than those produced at the high elevation, suggesting that increased temperatures decreased seed quality. However, seed viability did not differ between elevations. The effects of maternal environment on seed germination strongly depended on cultivar and germination temperature. At 10 and 15°C, seeds of “Lanjian 3” produced at high elevation germinated to higher percentages and rates than those produced at low elevation, but the opposite trend was observed at 20°C. However, for seeds of “Lanjian 1” and “Lanjian 2,” no significant effect of elevation was observed in germination percentage. Our results indicate that the best environment for the production of high quality seeds (e.g., high seed mass, low EC, high seed longevity) of V. sativa is one in which temperatures are relatively low during seed development.
A Software Requirements Specification Framework for Objective Pattern Recognition: A Set-Theoretic Classification Approach

The motivation behind pattern-oriented software development is to decompose complex problems into recognizable sub-problems with predefined solutions, hence promoting both the quality of the resulting software product and the efficiency of the development process through the reuse of optimal solutions (e.g., best practices). Unfortunately, due to the opportunistic (i.e., non-systematic and subjective) element inherent in the process of recognizing conventional patterns in a problem context, the full potential of a pattern-driven problem-solving strategy has not been yet realized. In this paper, we introduce a requirements specification framework, called Problem Decomposition Scheme (PDS), which serves as a foundation to address the challenges of pattern recognition in the context of software requirements. We establish that pattern recognition can be abstracted as a set-theoretic classification problem, and formalize the properties of the resulting classification scheme. In contrast to ill-defined sub-problems in conventional development problem contexts, patterns in PDS-based specifications can be objectively recognized. To evaluate our requirements specification framework, we conducted an empirical user study of software developers performing a requirements pattern recognition task on a PDS-based requirements specification. PDS-based specifications are shown to achieve a high degree of requirements pattern recognition consistency across developers.