Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PCR survey of vector-borne pathogens in different dog populations from Turkey

In the present study, a total of 192 blood samples were collected from pet dogs, kennel dogs and shepherd dogs in Konya district, Turkey, and tested by specific PCR for the presence of vector-borne pathogens. Several pathogens were identified, most of which can cause substantial morbidity in dogs. PCR results revealed that 54 (28.1%) dogs were infected with one or more pathogens. Positive results were obtained for Babesia spp. in 4 dogs (2.1%), Hepatozoon spp. in 8 dogs (4.2%) and Mycoplasma spp. in 46 dogs (24%). Three dogs (1.6%) were infected with two or three pathogens. The sequence analysis of the positive DNA samples revealed the presence of Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Hepatozoon sp. MF, Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum. Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys were not detected. Regardless of ownership status, vector-borne diseases were common in these dog populations. There was significant difference of pathogen prevalence among the different dog populations. Mycoplasma spp. was more frequent in the kennel dogs (31.9%) than in the pet (21.4%) and shepherd dogs (13.8%). Additionally, the frequency of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. was higher in the shepherd dogs which account for three quarters and half of the total number of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. , respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mycoplasma infection in dogs in Turkey. The results of the present study provide a foundation for understanding the epidemiology of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs), and for strategies to control these diseases in Turkey.
Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone. Guidelines on LTBI for low TB incidence countries – essential element of the @WHO #EndTB strategy and TB elimination http://ow.ly/RW8xn
Effect of Zinc-Deficient Diet on Oral Tissues and Periodontal Indices in Rats

Zinc (Zn) as a nutritional factor affects the health of the oral tissues. This study was done for the evaluation of the effects of zinc deficiency on the oral tissues of rats. The study was carried out on 14 male Wistar rats, cessation of lactation on the 24th day after birth. The rats were randomly divided into two groups. Zinc deficient (ZD) diet was used for one group and another group was fed with a zinc-containing (ZC) diet. The alterations of the oral tissues in both groups were evaluated clinically after four weeks. Also the gingival index and periodontal pocket depth were recorded. The measurement of serum zinc level was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The microscopic slides of oral tissue specimen were evaluated quantitatively. The serum zinc level of the ZD rats was lower than the ZC group (p< 0.001). According clinical findings, the gingival index was lower in ZC rat (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference regarding the periodontal pocket depth between two groups (p=0.07). Aphthous ulcer was observed in ZD rats on the floor of the mouth. There was no significant difference regarding the epithelial and keratin thickening between two groups. This study indicated that oral and periodontal health was better in ZC rats than in ZD rats. Aphthous lesions were more prominent in ZD rats. This study confirmed that zinc deficiency may endanger oral and periodo ntal structures.
Informing Parents About Expanded Newborn Screening: Influences on Provider Involvement

OBJECTIVE: Expanded newborn screening (NBS) identifies some disorders for which clinical benefit is uncertain, as well as “incidental” findings (eg, carrier status), thus enhancing the need to inform parents about NBS before sample collection. METHODS: A self-complete survey was sent to a cross-sectional, stratified, random sample of 5 provider groups in Ontario (obstetricians, midwives, family physicians, pediatricians, and nurses). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the effects of core beliefs, perceived barriers, and demographic characteristics on the reported frequency of informing parents about NBS before sample collection. RESULTS: Virtually all of the midwives and almost half of the nurses reported discussing NBS with parents, whereas less than one sixth of the physicians did so. Providers who perceived a responsibility to inform parents were 3 times more likely to report doing so than those who did not perceive this responsibility (odds ratio: 2.9 [95% confidence interval: 2.1–4.1]). Those who lacked confidence to inform parents were 70% less likely to discuss NBS with parents compared with those who did not experience this cognitive barrier (odds ratio: 0.3 [95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.4]). Controlling for these covariates, family physicians and obstetricians were more likely than pediatricians to inform parents. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide guidance for capacity building among providers who are positioned to inform parents about NBS before sample collection. Our findings call for targeted educational interventions that consider patterns of provider practice related to prenatal and NBS care, seek to redress confidence limitations, and engage key provider groups in the importance of this professional responsibility.
Use of Text Messaging in a Mental Health Service for University Students

Mobile phone technology has become an integral part of peoples' lives. It has changed how we interact with each other and how we access information. This article describes how mobile phone use, in particular text messaging, has been used to communicate with and support students with mental health problems attending a university within Ireland to manage their academic and social lives. This study was descriptive, non-experimental, and predominantly qualitative in nature. It employed a mixed-method approach, by way of: (1) Collecting text messaging data, relating to 40 students, from four therapists across three years, and (2) auditing the service files to gather demographic data and some intervention-related information that was cross-analyzed with the qualitative text messaging data. Thematic analysis of the data using QSR N6 produced five over-arching themes: practicalities around appointments; condition/illness management; thanks, but I'm fine; progress—both academic and personal; and non-therapeutic interaction. This study showed that text messaging with a student population using a mental health support service was valuable. It offered a means of maintaining ongoing contact between the service users and the staff and acted not only as a means for receiving and giving information but as a means of maintaining the on-going therapeutic relationship.
Synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolate inhibitors of purine biosynthesis with selectivity for high affinity folate receptors and the proton-coupled folate transporter over the reduced folate carrier for cellular entry

2-Amino-4-oxo-6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines with a thienoyl side chain and 4-6 carbon bridge lengths (compounds 1-3 ) were synthesized as substrates for folate receptors (FRs) and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). Conversion of acetylene carboxylic acids to α bromomethylketones and condensation with 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine afforded the 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines. Sonogashira coupling with ( S )-2-[(5-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-pentanedioic acid diethyl ester, followed by hydrogenation and saponification, afforded 1 - 3 . Compounds 1 and 2 potently inhibited KB and IGROV1 human tumor cells that express FR α , reduced folate carrier (RFC), and PCFT. The analogs were selective for FR- and PCFT over RFC. Glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase was the principal cellular target. In SCID mice with KB tumors, 1 was highly active against both early (3.5 log kill, 1/5 cures) and advanced (3.7 log kill, 4/5 complete remissions) stage tumors. Our results demonstrate potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity for 1 due to selective transport by FRs and PCFT over RFC. presented as mean values from 3 ( in vitro ; ± standard errors in parentheses) and 2 ( in situ ; ± range in parentheses) experiments. For the in situ assays, incorporation of [ 14 C]glycine into [ 14 C]FGAR measured in in complete plus 2 nM LCV. Details
The combination of 4‐1BBL and CD40L strongly enhances the capacity of dendritic cells to stimulate HIV‐specific T cell responses

One of the consequences of HIV infection is a progressive loss of T cell functions, resulting in decreased cytokine secretion and proliferation and an increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Therefore, successful therapeutic vaccination approaches should aim at restoring the functionality of existing HIV‐specific T cells, as well as to efficiently induce potent, HIV‐specific T cells from naïve T cells. In this study, we wanted to determine the stimulatory capacity of DCs coelectroporated with mRNA encoding for different costimulatory molecules of the TNFSF, together with HIV antigen‐encoding mRNA. We show that DCs electroporated with 4‐1BBL can enhance the proliferation, functionality, cytokine production, and survival of HIV‐specific CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we are the first to show that a combination of 4‐1BBL and CD40L overexpression on DCs dramatically enhances CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Finally, we demonstrate that signaling through 4‐1BB, but not through CD40, can alleviate the suppressive effect of Tregs on CD8+ T cell proliferation. Thus, the combination of 4‐1BBL and CD40L enhances HIV‐specific CD8+ T cell responses in a synergistic way, resulting in enhanced proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, an increased cytokine secretion, and a reduced sensitivity to Treg‐mediated immune suppression.
Product-Market Competition and Managerial Slack

This article analyzes the effect of product-market competition on managerial incentives. In contrast to Hart (1983a), I show that competition may actually exacerbate the incentive problem. The difference in results derives from our different assumptions about managerial preferences. The importance of assumptions about preferences suggests that we do not yet understand the precise mechanism through which competition affects incentives.
Analytical solutions for the interstitial diffusion of impurity atoms

The analytical solutions of the equations describing impurity diffusion due to migration of nonequilibrium impurity interstitials were obtained for the impurity redistribution during ion implantation at elevated temperatures and for diffusion from a doped epitaxial layer. The reflecting boundary condition at the surface of a semiconductor and the conditions of constant concentrations at the surface and in the bulk of it were used in the first and second cases, respectively. On the basis of these solutions hydrogen diffusion in silicon during high-fluence low-energy deuterium implantation and beryllium diffusion from a doped epi-layer during rapid thermal annealing of InP/InGaAs heterostructures were investigated. The calculated impurity concentration profiles agree well with experimental data. The fitting to the experimental profiles allowed us to derive the values of the parameters that describe interstitial impurity diffusion.
MAPPING PROFESSIONAL IMAGINATION

Journalism research has a long tradition of making sense of professional practices from the perspective of the everyday routines of news work. This article seeks to make a contribution to this literature by mapping out how the professional community of journalists interprets the current change and future challenges of their trade. The paper uses the conceptual framework offered by Bourdieu's field theory, but moves beyond it by suggesting that symbolic capital in the journalistic field is also connected to broader social imaginaries, beyond the limits of the field. Against this background, the article maps out empirically some of the limits of the “professional imagination” of journalistic culture by a close reading of interviews with mid-level managing editors in Finnish newspapers. The article describes the professional journalistic field as a culture, i.e. as a sense-making system which adapts journalism to contextual changes but which cannot be seen as simple reflection of these changes.
Altered Physiology in Worker Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Infested with the Mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae): A Factor in Colony Loss During Overwintering?

Abstract The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) is the most destructive pest of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. , in Europe and the United States. In temperate zones, the main losses of colonies from the mites occur during colony overwintering. To obtain a deeper knowledge of this phenomenon, we studied the mites’ impact on the vitellogenin titer, the total protein stores in the hemolymph, the hemocyte characteristics, and the ecdysteroid titer of adult honey bees. These physiological characteristics are indicators of long-time survival and endocrine function, and we show that they change if bees have been infested by mites during the pupal stage. Compared with noninfested workers, adult bees infested as pupae do not fully develop physiological features typical of long-lived wintering bees. Management procedures designed to kill V. destructor in late autumn may thus fail to prevent losses of colonies because many of the adult bees are no longer able to survive until spring. Beekeepers in temperate climates should therefore combine late autumn management strategies with treatment protocols that keep the mite population at low levels before and during the period when the winter bees emerge.
Effect of Bone Cement Volume Fraction on Adjacent Vertebral Fractures After Unilateral Percutaneous Kyphoplasty

Study Design: A retrospective study. Summary of Background Data: Complications of the bone cement used in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures have received increasingly more attention, especially for bone cement volume. Objective: The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the relationship between bone cement volume fraction and adjacent vertebral fracture (AVF) after unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Materials and Methods: Between 2006 and 2011, 495 patients with single-level osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) were surgically treated by unilateral PKP and had completed 12-month follow-up in our hospital. According to the new OVCF, they were divided into 3 groups: AVF group, non-AVF group, and normal group (who were not new OVCF). On the basis of the value of the plain radiography, the cement volume fraction for the vertebral body was calculated, and cement leakage, bone mineral density, visual analog scale, and Cobb angle of preoperative and postoperative were analyzed. Results: During the follow-up, 110 (22.2%) patients had new OVCF, and others were normal (n=385). Fifty-two cases were AVF and 58 were non-AVF. The cement volume fraction of AVF group, non-AVF group, and normal group were 32.5%±5.5%, 27.3%±1.8%, and 27.1%±2.6%, respectively. The 95% confidence interval of volume fraction were (31.0, 34.1), (26.8, 27.7), and (26.9, 28.5), respectively. The AVF group showed higher cement volume fraction in 3 groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant difference between non-AVF and normal group (P>0.05). There were 19 (36.5%) patients with cement leakage in AVF group, 12 (20.7%) in non-AVF group, and 68 (17.7%) in normal group. The AVF group showed higher cement leakage (P<0.05). Compared with AVF group and normal group, non-AVF group had lower bone mineral density in preoperation. All groups reported significantly improved visual analog scale scores and Cobb angle on the day of surgery. However, there were no significant difference between the 3 groups. Conclusions: Unilateral PKP is an effective and safe procedure for patients with OVCF. However, cement volume should be determined in terms of the vertebral body fraction to obtain a favorable outcome. The risk of AVF and cement leakage will increase obviously with the cement volume fraction increased. We recommend that a bone cement volume fraction of about one fourth is suitable for unilateral PKP.
Recognition, Analysis and Performance with Expressive Conducting Gestures

Although a number of conducting gesture analysis and following systems have been developed over the years, most of the projects either primarily concentrated on tracking tempo and amplitude indicating gestures while not taking expressive gestures into account, or implemented individual mapping techniques for expressive gestures that varied from research to research. There is a clear need for a uniform process that could be applied toward analysis of both indicative and expressive gestures. The conducting gesture recognition system is implemented on the basis of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) process. An external HMM object is developed for Max/MSP software. Training and recognition procedures are applied toward both right hand beatand amplitudeindicative gestures, and left hand expressive gestures. Continuous recognition of right-hand gestures is incorporated into a real-time gesture analysis and performance system in Max/MSP/Jitter environment.
Gravity-driven free surface flow of granular avalanches over complex basal topography

A two–dimensional depth–integrated theory is derived for the gravity–driven free surface flow of cohesionless granular avalanches over complex shallow basal topography. This is an important extension of the one–dimensional Savage–Hutter theory. A simple curvilinear coordinate system is adopted, which is fitted to the ‘mean’ downslope chute topography. This defines a quasi–two–dimensional reference surface on top of which shallow three–dimensional basal topography is superposed. The governing equations are expressed in the curvilinear coordinate system and the mass– and momentum–balance equations are integrated through the avalanche depth. An ordering argument and a Mohr–Coulomb closure model are used to obtain a simple reduced system of equations. Laboratory experiments have been performed on a partly confined chute to validate the theory. An avalanche is released on a section inclined at 40 degrees to the horizontal, on which there is a concave parabolic cross–slope profile, and runs out through a smooth transition zone onto a horizontal plane. A comparison of the experiment with numerical solutions shows that the avalanche tail speed is under–predicted. A modification to the bed–friction angle is proposed, which brings theory and experiment into very good agreement. The partly confined chute channel the flow and results in significantly longer maximum run–out distances than on an unconfined chute. A simple shallow–water avalanche model is also derived and tested against the experimental results.
A View on Current Malware Behaviors

Anubis is a dynamic malware analysis platform that executes submitted binaries in a controlled environment. To perform the analysis, the system monitors the invocation of important Windows API calls and system services, it records the network traffic, and it tracks data flows. For each submission, reports are generated that provide comprehensive reports about the activities of the binary under analysis. Anubis receives malware samples through a public web interface and a number of feeds from security organizations and anti-malware companies. Because the samples are collected from a wide range of users, the collected samples represent a comprehensive and diverse mix of malware found in the wild. In this paper, we aim to shed light on common malware behaviors. To this end, we evaluate the Anubis analysis results for almost one million malware samples, study trends and evolution of malicious behaviors over a period of almost two years, and examine the influence of code polymorphism on malware statistics.
Expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule F3 by oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells

We have analysed the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins by oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells. Biosynthetic labeling of mouse oligodendroglial primary cultures and an oligodendroglial precursor cell line demonstrated that these cells synthesis a variety of different GPI‐anchored proteins. GPI‐anchored proteins were isolated as a bulk preparation from the precursor cell line, and the individual proteins separated by 2D gell electrophoresis and analysed by microsequencing after tryptic digestion of the separated components. One of the most prominent GPI‐anchored proteins synthesized by the cell line was identified as the cell adhesion molecule F3, previously thought to be exclusively expressed by neurons. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation with several polyclonal sera confirmed the expression of F3 by oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells and demonstrated the presence of F3 in myelin. Double staining with a panel of oligodendrocyte‐specific antibodies and anti‐F3 antibodies of cerebellar cultures, as well as oligodendrocytes isolated by panning, showed a colocalization of F3 with oligodendrocyte markers. Oligodendrocyte F3 is shown to be susceptible to phosphatidylinositol‐phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) cleavage, similar to neuronal F3. Northern blots demonstrated that the oligodendroglial F3 mRNA is the same size as the neuronal message; however, no F3 mRNA could be detected in cortical astrocytes and an astrocytic cell line. Thus, in addition to the expression by neurons, the cell‐type specificity of F3 expression must be extended to oligodendroglial cells, underscoring the importance of this Ig superfamily member in the nervous system. GLIA 19:199–212, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.