Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation of GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons from endogenous embryonic olfactory bulb precursor cells

During the embryonic period, many olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons arise in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) from precursor cells expressing Dlx2, Gsh2 and Er81 transcription factors. Whether GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons are also generated within the embryonic OB has not been studied thoroughly. In contrast to abundant Dlx2 and Gsh2 expression in ganglionic eminences (GE), Dlx2 and Gsh2 proteins are not expressed in the E12.5-13.5 mouse OB, whereas the telencephalic pallial domain marker Pax6 is abundant. We found GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons originating from dividing precursor cells in E13.5 OB and in short-term dissociated cultures prepared from the rostral half of E13.5 OB. In OB cultures, 22% of neurons were GAD+, of which 53% were Dlx2+, whereas none expressed Gsh2. By contrast, 70% of GAD+ cells in GE cultures were Dlx2+ and 16% expressed Gsh2. In E13.5 OB slices transplanted with EGFP-labeled E13.5 OB precursor cells, 31.7% of EGFP+ cells differentiated to GABAergic neurons. OB and LGE precursors transplanted into early postnatal OB migrated and differentiated in distinct patterns. Transplanted OB precursors gave rise to interneurons with dendritic spines in close proximity to synaptophysin-positive boutons. Interneurons were also abundant in differentiating OB neural stem cell cultures; the neurons responded to the neurotrophin Bdnf and expressed presynaptic proteins. In vivo, the Bdnf receptor TrkB colocalized with synaptic proteins at the glomeruli. These findings suggest that, in addition to receiving interneurons from the LGE, the embryonic OB contains molecularly distinct local precursor cells that generate mature GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons.
Data-driven multi-touch attribution models

In digital advertising, attribution is the problem of assigning credit to one or more advertisements for driving the user to the desirable actions such as making a purchase. Rather than giving all the credit to the last ad a user sees, multi-touch attribution allows more than one ads to get the credit based on their corresponding contributions. Multi-touch attribution is one of the most important problems in digital advertising, especially when multiple media channels, such as search, display, social, mobile and video are involved. Due to the lack of statistical framework and a viable modeling approach, true data-driven methodology does not exist today in the industry. While predictive modeling has been thoroughly researched in recent years in the digital advertising domain, the attribution problem focuses more on accurate and stable interpretation of the influence of each user interaction to the final user decision rather than just user classification. Traditional classification models fail to achieve those goals. In this paper, we first propose a bivariate metric, one measures the variability of the estimate, and the other measures the accuracy of classifying the positive and negative users. We then develop a bagged logistic regression model, which we show achieves a comparable classification accuracy as a usual logistic regression, but a much more stable estimate of individual advertising channel contributions. We also propose an intuitive and simple probabilistic model to directly quantify the attribution of different advertising channels. We then apply both the bagged logistic model and the probabilistic model to a real-world data set from a multi-channel advertising campaign for a well-known consumer software and services brand. The two models produce consistent general conclusions and thus offer useful cross-validation. The results of our attribution models also shed several important insights that have been validated by the advertising team. We have implemented the probabilistic model in the production advertising platform of the first author's company, and plan to implement the bagged logistic regression in the next product release. We believe availability of such data-driven multi-touch attribution metric and models is a break-through in the digital advertising industry.
Biologically-Inspired Human-Swarm Interaction Metrics

Human-swarm interaction is an emerging field encompassing questions related to biology, robotics, computer science, human-computer interaction, and psychology. Swarms are large groups of individual entities that enact group behaviors; biological examples include fish, birds and insects. Swarms overwhelm humans’ abilities to monitor and interact with each entity. Human-robot and human-computer interaction metrics are inappropriate to describe human-swarm interactions alone due to the interaction challenges posed by swarms. It is unknown precisely how humans respond to interacting with swarms. The theory is that biological swarm metrics may be appropriate for analyzing human-swarm interaction. Nine human-swarm interaction metric categories derived from the biological and robotic swarm literature are presented, including example metrics from each category. This paper opens the discussion regarding what types of existing swarm metrics may be applicable and what categories of metrics will be important for human-swarm interaction assessment.
Pain belief screening instrument: Development and preliminary validation of a screening instrument for disabling persistent pain.

OBJECTIVE To develop and test the ability of a screening instrument to identify subgroups among primary healthcare patients with musculoskeletal pain. The Pain Belief Screening Instrument covers pain intensity, disability, self-efficacy, fear avoidance and catastrophizing. DESIGN Cross-sectional, correlational and comparative study. SUBJECTS Patients in primary healthcare (n1 = 215; n2 = 93) with a pain duration of 4 weeks or more were included. METHODS Items for the Pain Belief Screening Instrument were derived from principal component analyses of: the Self-efficacy Scale, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and the Catastrophizing subscale in the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Cluster solutions of scores on the screening instrument and the original instruments were cross-tabulated. The reliability of items in the Pain Belief Screening Instrument was examined. RESULTS The screening instrument identified 2 groups: high- or low-risk profile for pain-related disability. Validity was in-between moderate and substantial (kappa = 0.61, p < 0.001). The reliability of each item in the Pain Belief Screening Instrument in relation to the corresponding item in the original instruments was moderate to high (rs 0.50-0.80, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The screening instrument fairly well replicated subgroups identified by the original instruments. The reliability of items in the screening instrument was acceptable. Further testing of predictive validity for a primary healthcare population is needed.
Relative importance of competition with Daphnia (Cladocera) and nutrient limitation on Anuraeopsis (Rotifera) population dynamics in a laboratory study

Summary 1 In the laboratory, the growth and reproduction of Anuraeopsis fissa were measured when fed on Scenedesmus species grown in nutrient-sufficient, nitrogen-limited and phosphorus-limited media and in the presence or absence of one adult Daphnia longispina per vial. 2 Poor food quality may reduce the effect of competition on rotifers. Competition from Daphnia was stronger with nutrient sufficient algae than with nutrient limited algae. P-limitation significantly reduced Anuraeopsis population growth rate and fecundity. The effect of nutrient limitation on Anuraeopsis was stronger than that of competition with Daphnia. The Anuraeopsis population declined with P-limited food in both the presence and absence of Daphnia. 3 Exploitative competition by Daphnia on Anuraeopsis was stronger in the nutrient-sufficient treatment than in the N-limited one. Density, fecundity and population growth rate of Anuraeopsis were negatively affected by Daphnia in the nutrient-sufficient treatment, while only fecundity was reduced by Daphnia in the N-limited treatment. Consequently, in the N-limited treatment, mortality should be lower in the presence of Daphnia. This result could suggest that Anuraeopsis lives longer when short of nitrogen. 4 Nutrient limitation may affect to the competitive interactions between zooplankton species. P-limitation decreased the quality of algae as food for Anuraeopsis while N-limitation decreased the susceptibility of this rotifer species to exploitative competition by Daphnia.
Perceived psychosocial stress and gestational weight gain among women with gestational diabetes

Growing evidence links perceived stress—a potentially modifiable psychosocial risk factor—with health behaviors and obesity. Yet little is known about the relationship between stress during pregnancy and gestational weight gain, particularly among women with pregnancy complications. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine associations between psychosocial stress during pregnancy and gestational weight gain among women with gestational diabetes. We used baseline data from the Gestational Diabetes’s Effects on Moms (GEM) study: 1,353 women with gestational diabetes who delivered a term singleton within Kaiser Permanente Northern California were included. Perceived stress near the time of gestational diabetes diagnosis was measured using the validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). Gestational weight gain was categorized according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Binomial regression analyses adjusted for gestational age and maternal age at the time of gestational diabetes diagnosis, and race/ethnicity and estimated rate ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Among women with a normal pregravid Body Mass Index (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), there was a significant association between high (Q4) PSS score and risk of both exceeding and gaining below the Institute of Medicine recommendations compared to those with lower stress (Q1) [adjusted RR = 2.16 95% CI 1.45–3.21; RR = 1.39 95% CI 1.01–1.91, respectively. ] Among women with pregravid overweight/obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2), there was no association. Although the temporal relationship could not be established from this study, there may be a complex interplay between psychosocial stress and gestational weight gain among women with gestational diabetes. Further studies examining stress earlier in pregnancy, risk of developing gestational diabetes and excess/inadequate gestational weight gain are warranted to clarify these complex relationships.
Characterization of diverse 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degradative plasmids isolated from soil by complementation

The diversity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degradative plasmids in the microbial community of an agricultural soil was examined by complementation. This technique involved mixing a suitable Alcaligenes eutrophus (Rifr) recipient strain with the indigenous microbial populations extracted from soil. After incubation of this mixture, Rifr recipient strains which grow with 2,4-D as the only C source were selected. Two A. eutrophus strains were used as recipients: JMP228 (2,4-D-), which was previously derived from A. eutrophus JMP134 by curing of the 2,4-D-degradative plasmid pJP4, and JMP228 carrying pBH501aE (a plasmid derived from pJP4 by deletion of a large part of the tfdA gene which encodes the first step in the mineralization of 2,4-D). By using agricultural soil that had been treated with 2,4-D for several years, transconjugants were obtained with both recipients. However, when untreated control soil was used, no transconjugants were isolated. The various transconjugants had plasmids with seven different EcoRI restriction patterns. The corresponding plasmids are designated pEMT1 to pEMT7. Unlike pJP4, pEMT1 appeared not to be an IncP1 plasmid, but all the others (pEMT2 to pEMT7) belong to the IncP1 group. Hybridization with individual probes for the tfdA to tfdF genes of pJP4 demonstrated that all plasmids showed high degrees of homology to the tfdA gene. Only pEMT1 showed a high degree of homology to tfdB, tfdC, tfdD, tfdE, and tfdF, while the others showed only moderate degrees of homology to tfdB and low degrees of homology to tfdC. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sedimentology and Ichnology of Paleozoic Estuarine and Shoreface Reservoirs, Morrow Sandstone, Lower Pennsylvanian of Southwest Kansas, USA

Integration of facies and trace-fossil evidence tests and refines depositional models constructed solely on the basis of physical sedimentology. In recent years, the petroleum industry has increasingly used trace-fossil analysis of cores as an aid in reservoir characterization. In particular, ichnologic data have been instrumental in the recognition of estuarine deposits and their distinction from open-marine facies (e.g., MacEachern and Pemberton, 1994). Previous ichnologic analyses of cores, however, have concentrated on post-Paleozoic reservoirs (e.g., Bockelie, 1991; Pemberton, 1992; Taylor and Gawthorpe, 1993; Howell et al., 1996; Martin and Pollard, 1996; MacEachern and Pemberton, 1997). The present study represents one of the first attempts to apply trace-fossil analysis to cores from Paleozoic reservoirs. The Lower Pennsylvanian Morrow Sandstone contains oil and gas reservoirs in a wide variety of shallow and marginal-marine depositional environments. Delta-front, shoreface, and estuarine valley-fill reservoir sandstones are encased in offshore and estuarine mudstones (Sonnenberg, 1985; Krystinik and Blakeney, 1990; Sonnenberg et al., 1990; Wheeler et al., 1990). An integrated stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and ichnologic study provides a more accurate characterization of reservoir facies and geometry. This study allows distinction between marine-shoreface and estuarine valley-fill sandstones from four cores of the lower Morrow in southwestern Kansas. Core analysis subsequently was integrated with well-log information. Previous studies have emphasized the presence of estuarine valley-fills in the upper Morrow (Wheeler et al., 1990). Our integrated approach extends the estuarine valley interpretation into the lower Morrow. Within the midcontinent, trace fossils are useful in distinguishing different facies in estuarine incised valleys and marine shorefaces. Detailed study of biogenic structures provides high-resolution information to solve problems in facies, stratigraphic, and reservoir modeling. In some cases, they represent the only evidence available to develop a reasonable picture of depositional conditions and to estimate reservoir heterogeneity. The present study provides a detailed analysis of the sedimentary facies, documents the associated trace fossils, and illustrates how trace fossils are used to refine environmental interpretations of the lower Morrow sandstone reservoirs.
Statistical analysis of reduced pair correlation functions of capillaries in the prostate gland

Blood capillaries are thread‐like structures that may be considered as an example of a spatial fibre process in three dimensions. At light microscopy, the capillary profiles appear as a planar point process on sections. It has recently been shown that the observed pair correlation function g(r) of the centres of the fibre profiles on two‐dimensional sections may be used to estimate the reduced pair correlation function of stationary and isotropic fibre processes in three dimensions. In the present study, we explored how this approach may be extended to statistical analysis of reduced g‐functions of capillaries from multiple specimens of different groups and with replicated observations. The methods were applied to normal prostatic tissue compared with prostate cancer. Confidence intervals for the mean reduced g‐functions of groups were estimated for fixed r‐values parametrically using the t‐distribution, and by bootstrap methods. Each estimated reduced g‐function was furthermore characterized in terms of its first maximum and minimum. The mean length of capillaries per unit tissue volume was significantly higher in prostate cancer tissue than in normal prostate tissue. Significant differences between the mean reduced g‐functions of malignant and benign lesions could be demonstrated for two domains of r‐values. In general, bootstrap‐based confidence intervals were slightly wider than parametrically estimated confidence intervals. Falsely negative lower bounds of the intervals, which sometimes arose using the parametric approach, could be avoided by the bootstrap method. Testing of group mean values for significant differences by the bootstrap method yielded more conservative results than multiple t‐tests. The functional value of the first maximum of the reduced g‐function and a global statistical parameter of short‐range ordering was significantly reduced in the carcinoma group. Prostate cancer tissue is more densely supplied with capillaries than normal prostate tissue and the three‐dimensional arrangement of the vessels differs with respect to interaction at various distance ranges. In the local approach used here, bootstrap methods can be used as a robust statistical tool for the computation of confidence intervals and group comparisons of mean reduced g‐functions at specific ranges of interaction.
Heterogeneous Agents Situated in Heterogeneous Spaces

This paper introduces the Multi-layered Multi-Agent Situated System model (MMASS), a model for Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) situated in an environment. The main feature of the MMASS model is to give an explicit definition of the spatial structure of the environment in which the system of situated agents are acting and interacting. Moreover, the presented model allows the representation of the heterogeneity that characterizes both agent types and interactions, and the spatial structures of the environment in which they are situated. The MMASS model allows the representaton of both open and closed systems: examples of its application (one for each class of systems) will be shown.
Adipocytes Enhance the Proliferation of Human Leiomyoma Cells Via TNF-α Proinflammatory Cytokine

Objective: Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for uterine leiomyoma with a major impact on women health and health care system of the nation. Obesity is associated with increased secretion of adipokines that significantly influence growth and proliferation of tumor stroma and malignant cells. Adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), are produced in the adipose tissue with concomitant expression in other organs and tissues. Increased and sustained cytokine production is associated with alterations in cell growth and differentiation. We, therefore, explored the influence of human adipocytes (SW872 cells)–mediated biological humoral factors on human uterine leiomyoma (HuLM) cells. Methods: We measured cell proliferation and expression of cell-proliferating proteins (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], cyclin D1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 [BCL-2]) in human leiomyoma cells cocultured with SW872 cells. SW872-conditioned media was neutralized for TNF-α and proliferation of HuLM cells was observed along with antiapoptotic marker, BCL-2, using Western immunoblot. Results: We found that both SW872-conditioned media and coculture with SW872 cells increased HuLM cell proliferation significantly (P < .05). We determined that this effect was associated with the upregulation of specific markers for proliferation, such as PCNA, cyclin D1, and BCL-2 (P < .05). Furthermore, the addition of neutralizing antibodies, anti-TNF-α, to SW872-conditioned media reversed the proliferation of leiomyoma cells and induced apoptosis as indicated by the reduced expression of antiapoptotic marker BCL-2. Conclusions: SW872 cells secrete TNF-α, which is associated with a proliferative gene profile in HuLM cells and may play a role in initiation and/or progression of uterine leiomyoma.
Multi‐layer transmission and hybrid relaying for relay channels with multiple out‐of‐band relays

In this work, a relay channel is studied in which a source encoder communicates with a destination decoder through a number of out‐of‐band relays that are connected to the decoder through capacity‐constrained digital backhaul links. This model is motivated by the uplink of cloud radio access networks. In this scenario, a novel transmission and relaying strategies are proposed in which multi‐layer transmission is used, on the one hand, to adaptively leverage the different decoding capabilities of the relays and, on the other hand, to enable hybrid decode‐and‐forward and compress‐and‐forward relaying. The hybrid relaying strategy allows each relay to forward part of the decoded messages and a compressed version of the received signal to the decoder. The problem of optimising the power allocation across the layers and the compression test channels is formulated. Albeit non‐convex, the derived problem is found to belong to the class of so‐called complementary geometric programs. Using this observation, an iterative algorithm based on the homotopy method is proposed that achieves a stationary point of the original problem by solving a sequence of geometric programming, and thus convex, problems. Numerical results are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed multi‐layer hybrid scheme in achieving performance close to a theoretical (cutset) upper bound. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance.

PURPOSE in the last two decades, several evidences have been provided to support the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the susceptibility to develop injuries participating in sport and performance related to sports activity. We report up-to-date review of the genetics factors involved in tendon injuries and athletic performance. METHODS we searched PubMed using the terms "sports injuries", "athletic performance" and "genetics" over the period 1990 to the present day. We also included non-English journals. RESULTS most of the currently established or putative tendinopathy susceptibility loci have been analyzed by candidate gene studies. The genes currently associated with tendon injuries include gene encoding for collagen, matrix metallopeptidase, tenascin and growth factors. Several genes have been related to the physical performance phenotypes affecting endurance capacity and muscle performance. The most studied include ACE and ACTN3 genes. CONCLUSIONS genetics determines the response of an individual to the surrounding environment. Recently, some of the individual genetic variations contributing to the athletic performance and the onset of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in tendon and ligament tissues, have been identified. However, the identification of the genetic background related to susceptibility to injuries and physical performance of the athletes is challenging yet and further studies must be performed to establish the specific role of each gene and the potential effect of the interaction of these.
Chronic Morbidities After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Update for the Advanced Practice Nurse

Abstract Emerging data suggest that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease process with considerable long-range morbidities requiring lifelong monitoring and treatment. Multiple chronic morbidities develop across the life span after TBI, including mental health disorders, headaches, seizures, and neuroendocrine imbalances as well as chronic diseases. Still, there has been limited focus on effective guides and strategies for helping persons with TBI meet their chronic health needs as they live with the consequences of TBI. The advanced practice nurse is well positioned to participate collaboratively in practices that promote health screening and chronic disease management after TBI to ameliorate distress and enhance quality of life as persons with TBI live with lifelong consequences.