Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Accuracy of Noninvasive Imaging Techniques in Diagnosis of Carotid Plaque Morphology

BACKGROUND: The stroke is leading cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Atherosclerosis is responsible for over 30% of all ischemic strokes. It has been recently discovered that plaque morphology may help predict the clinical behavior of carotid atherosclerosis and determine the risk of stroke. The noninvasive imaging techniques have been developed to evaluate the vascular wall in an attempt to identify “vulnerable plaques”. AIM: The purpose is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the identification of plaque components associated with plaque vulnerability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred patients were admitted for carotid endarterectomy for high grade carotid stenosis. We defined the diagnostic value of B-mode ultrasound of carotid plaque in a half, and the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, in the other group, for detection of unstable carotid plaque. The reference standard was histology. RESULTS: Sensitivity of ultrasound, multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is 94%, 83% and 100%, and the specificity is 93%, 73% and 89% for detection of unstable carotid plaque. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound has high accuracy for diagnostics of carotid plaque morphology, magnetic resonance imaging has high potential for tissue differentiation and multidetector computed tomography determines precisely degree of stenosis and presence of ulceration and calcifications. The three noninvasive imaging modalities are complementary for optimal evaluation of the morphology of carotid plaque. This will help to determine the risk of stroke and to decide on the best treatment – carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting.
CURING BEHAVIOR AND BONDING PERFORMANCE OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESIN ADMIXED WITH FORMALDEHYDE SCAVENGER

The effect of formaldehyde scavenger on the curing behavior, bonding strength, formaldehyde emission and chemical characteristics of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) for the particleboard manufacturer were investigated. The formaldehyde scavenger was added to UF resin at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 % w/w. The cure behavior of UF resin on a wood substrate containing different formaldehyde scavenger content was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the reaction enthalpy (ΔH) and peak temperature (Tpeak) decrease with the increase of formaldehyde scavenger content. Notable, the ΔH and Tpeak values decreased up to the formaldehyde scavenger content of 12 % w/w and then were rather constant with its further addition. To determine properties, the laboratory-made particleboards bonded with UF resin at various contents of formaldehyde scavenger were manufactured. The results showed that the addition of formaldehyde scavenger could improve bonding strength of the panels and greatly reduced their formaldehyde emission. The particleboard properties were relatively stable with the further addition of formaldehyde scavenger more than 12 % w/w. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra of particleboards showed variations of methylene and methylene-ether bridges which were corresponded to the curing characteristic and board properties. The corrected area under absorbance of methylene bridge increased with the increasing of formaldehyde scavenger content.
Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers.

Absence of leptin is known to disrupt the development of energy balance regulatory mechanisms. We investigated whether administration of leptin to normally nourished rats affects energy balance in their offspring. Leptin (2 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) was administered from day 14 of pregnancy and throughout lactation. Male and female offspring were fed either on chow or on high-fat diets that elicited similar levels of obesity in the sexes from 6 wk to 15 mo of age. Treatment of the dams with leptin prevented diet-induced increases in the rate of weight gain, retroperitoneal fat pad weight, area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance curve, and fasting plasma insulin concentration in female offspring. In the male offspring, the diet-induced increase in weight gain was prevented and increased fat pad weight was reduced. Energy intake per rat was higher in response to the obesogenic diet in male offspring of saline-treated but not leptin-treated dams. A similar trend was seen in 3-mo-old female offspring. Energy expenditure at 3 mo of age was higher for a given body weight in female offspring of leptin-treated compared with saline-treated dams when these animals were fed on the obesogenic diet. A similar trend was seen for male rats fed on the obesogenic diet. Thus leptin levels during pregnancy and lactation can affect the development of energy balance regulatory systems in their offspring.
The Minimum Wage Affects Them All: Evidence on Employment Spillovers in the Roofing Sector

Abstract This study contributes to the sparse literature on employment spillovers of minimum wages. We exploit the minimum wage introduction and subsequent increases in the German roofing sector that gave rise to an internationally unprecedented hard bite of a minimum wage. We look at the chances of remaining employed in the roofing sector for workers with and without a binding minimum wage and use the plumbing sector that is not subject to a minimum wage as a suitable benchmark sector. By estimating the counterfactual wage that plumbers would receive in the roofing sector given their characteristics, we are able to identify employment effects along the entire wage distribution. The results indicate that the chances for roofers to remain employed in the sector in eastern Germany deteriorated along the entire wage distribution. Such employment spillovers to workers without a binding minimum wage may result from scale effects and/or capital-labour substitution.
Family Background,Public Expenditure on Education and Access to High Schools

With the increase of public expenditure on education,it deserves attention to examine whether the relationship between access to high school and family background will be augmented,weakened,or unchanged.Using the data of national 1%sample survey of population and county-level education expenditure,this paper intended to examine access to high school through regression analysis.Results confirmed the previous research findings that children with high fathers' educational level,high income and high occupational status and with the urban Hukou were more likely to receive high school education.Further analyses on the interaction between public education expenditures and family background indicated that the impact of family socioeconomic status or social class,such as income and occupation,on high school education opportunity varied with the increase of public education expenditures.The disparity in access among urban and rural children continued to increase.The impact of fathers' educational level is significant and stable.In addition,gender difference in access reversed,i.e.,boys' likelihood was higher than girls' first,and then vice versa.
Shallow, Intermediate, and Deep Overturning Components of the Global Heat Budget

Abstract The ocean's overturning circulation and associated heat transport are divided into contributions based on water mass ventilation from 1) shallow overturning within the wind-driven subtropical gyres to the base of the thermocline, 2) overturning into the intermediate depth layer (500–2000 m) in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and 3) overturning into the deep layers in the North Atlantic (Nordic Seas overflows) and around Antarctica. The contribution to South Pacific and Indian heat transport from the Indonesian Throughflow is separated from that of the subtropical gyres and is small. A shallow overturning heat transport of 0.6 PW dominates the 0.8-PW total heat transport at 24°N in the North Pacific but carries only 0.1–0.4 PW of the 1.3-PW total in the North Atlantic at 24°N. Shallow overturning heat transports in the Southern Hemisphere are also poleward: −0.2 to −0.3 PW southward across 30°S in each of the Pacific and Indian Oceans but only −0.1 PW in the South Atlantic. Intermediate wate.
Title Plasma lipidomics reveal profound perturbation of glycerophospholipids , fatty acids , and sphingolipids in diet-induced hyperlipidemia

Due to the incidence of type-2 diabetes and hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. CKD results in premature death from accelerated cardiovascular disease and various other complications. Early detection, careful monitoring of renal function, and response to therapeutic intervention are critical for prevention of CKD progression and its complications. Unfortunately, traditional biomarkers of renal function are insufficiently sensitive or specific to detect early stages of disease when therapeutic intervention is most effective. Therefore, more sensitive biomarkers of kidney disease are needed for early diagnosis, monitoring, and effective treatment. CKD results in profound changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that, in turn, contribute to progression of CKD and its cardiovascular complications. Lipids and lipid-derived metabolites play diverse and critically important roles in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and biofluids. Lipidomics is a branch of metabolomics, which encompasses the global study of lipids and their biologic function Advances in Clinical Chemistry # 2015 Elsevier Inc. ISSN 0065-2423 All rights reserved. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/bs.acc. 2014.11. 002 149 ARTICLE IN PRESS
1 COMMERCIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR THE LOW 2 PRICE JOINTS OF CULLING COWS : 3 HAMBURGERS REDUCED IN SALT AND FAT 4

The consumer’s acceptability of hamburgers elaborated with the flank of culling cows in 9 which the content of salt or fat had been partially replaced was studied. A mixture of potassium 10 chloride, potassium ferrocyanide and sodium ferrocyanide was used as substitutes for the salt. Oat 11 flakes or a mixture of chia and flax seeds were used as substitutes for the fat. The hamburgers were 12 tasted by 34 consumers. Consumers did not detect significant differences between the control and 13 the rest of the formulations. Neither the gender nor the age of the consumers influenced the sensory 14 appraisal. However, many comments regarding texture failures were recorded. Therefore, the 15 substitution of salt and / or fat in the composition of hamburgers made with the flank of cows is a 16 viable alternative for the commercialization of these pieces of low commercial value as long as the 17 texture of the same is adjusted to resemble it to the control. 18
The Effect of Unemployment on the Mental Health of Spouses – Evidence from Plant Closures in Germany

Studies on health effects of unemployment usually neglect spillover effects on spouses. This study specifically investigates the effect of an individual's unemployment on the mental health of their spouse. In order to allow for causal interpretation of the estimates, it focuses on plant closure as entry into unemployment, and combines difference-in-difference and matching based on entropy balancing to provide robustness against observable and time-invariant unobservable heterogeneity. Using German Socio-Economic Panel Study data the paper reveals that unemployment decreases the mental health of spouses almost as much as for the directly affected individuals. The findings highlight that previous studies underestimate the public health costs of unemployment as they do not account for the potential consequences for spouses.
Fish forensics: environmental DNA detection of juvenile coho salmon and resident salmonids in Pacific coastal streams

Conventional fish monitoring requires considerable investments of equipment and labour, and often harmful and potentially fatal techniques. Emerging methods allow detection of aquatic animals by collecting water and extracting DNA that has been shed to the environment (eDNA). Present knowledge gaps in the field include minimum densities necessary for consistent detection, and persistence of eDNA after a target species has left a site. I conducted three experiments at a salmon hatchery in British Columbia to address these knowledge gaps. Water samples were taken from flow-through tanks with juvenile Coho Salmon densities ranging from 38.0g/1000L to 0.6g/1000L. To simulate field surveys in recently abandoned habitats, I sampled water from tanks after removing fish, at flow-through volumes ranging from 20,000L to 1,000,000L. Post removal sampling occurred starting at one hour and ending after just over four days of flowthrough time. Water samples from tanks containing one or more fish tested positive for Coho DNA at least 70% of the time, increasing at higher densities. Samples taken after removing the fish had detection probability of 75% at flow-through volume of 40,000L. Detection failed at flow-through volumes greater than 80,000L. In stream samples, all sites with Coho or salmonid presence confirmed by conventional trapping also tested positive for target species’ eDNA. Two sites tested positive for Coho eDNA where conventional methods failed, indicating a possible higher sensitivity of eDNA sampling. I also mapped the distribution of juvenile Coho Salmon
Refractory Bleeding : Role of Angiographic Intervention

In upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, endoscopic diagnosis and therapy is the initial treatment of choice as it is imperative to determine whether bleeding is variceal or arterial, and endoscopic treatments usually achieve primary hemostasis in the majority of patients. However, 10-30% of these patients have repeat bleeding. After the first report of selective arterial embolization of gastroepiploic artery for the control of acute gastric bleeding, improvements in interventional devices and embolic materials and wider availability of skilled interventional radiologists have increased the utility of embolization procedures in the management of GI bleeding. Arterial embolization seems now accepted as the salvage treatment of choice over surgery for acute bleeding from the upper GI tract despite endoscopic treatment. Decision making to choose transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or surgery depends on the condition of the patients or their availability.
Ray-theoretical modeling of secondary microseism P waves

Thisworkwas supported byAgence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR-14-CE01-0012 MIMOSA and grant ANR-10-LABX-19-01 ‘LabexMer’. LG acknowledges support from a Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory Postdoctoral Fellowship and the Brinson Foundation. MS acknowledges MISTERIOS (CGL2013-48601-C2-1-R).
La reconnaissance des expressions faciales des émotions: profil de développement et utilisation des catégories émotionnelles au cours de l’enfance

In this study, we investigated the labeling of facial expressions in French-speaking children. The participants were 137 French-speaking children, between the ages of 5 and 11 years, recruited from three elementary schools in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The facial expressions included expressions of happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, anger, and disgust. Participants were shown one facial expression at a time, and asked to say what the stimulus person was feeling. Participants’ responses were coded by two raters who made judgments concerning the specific emotion category in which the responses belonged. Fiveand 6-year-olds were quite accurate in labeling facial expressions of happiness, anger, and sadness but far less accurate for facial expressions of fear, surprise, and disgust. An improvement in accuracy as a function of age was found for fear and surprise only. Labeling facial expressions of disgust proved to be very difficult for the children, even for the 11-year-olds. In order to examine the fit between the model proposed by Widen and Russell (2003) and our data, we looked at the number of participants who had the predicted response patterns. Overall, 88.52% of the participants did. Most of the participants used between 3 and 5 labels, with correspondence percentages varying between 80.00% and 100.00%. Our results suggest that the model proposed by Widen and Russell is not limited to English-speaking children, but also accounts for the sequence of emotion labeling in French-Canadian children.
Significance of Nuclear Glutathione S‐Transferase π in Resistance to Anti‐cancer Drugs

Recent study has shown that nuclear glutathione S‐transferase (GST) π accumulates in cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and may function to prevent nuclear DNA damage caused by DOX (Goto et al., FASEB J., 15, 2702–2714 (2001)). It is not clear if the amount of nuclear GSTπ increases in response to other anti‐cancer drugs and if so, what is the physiological significance of the nuclear transfer of GSTπ in the acquisition of drug‐resistance in cancer cells. In the present study, we employed three cancer cell lines, HCT8 human colonic cancer cells, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, and T98G human glioblastoma cells. We estimated the nuclear transfer of GSTπ induced by the anti‐cancer drugs cisplatin (CDDP), irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT‐11), etoposide (VP‐16) and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). It was found that: (1) Nuclear GSTjt accumulated in these cancer cells in response to CDDP, DOX, CPT‐11, VP‐16 and 5‐FU. (2) An inhibitor of the nuclear transport of GSTπ, edible mushroom lectin (Agaricus bisporus lectin, ABL), increased the sensitivity of the cancer cells to DOX and CDDP, and partially to CPT‐11. Treatment with ABL had no apparent effect on the cytotoxicity of VP‐16 and 5‐FU. These results suggest that inhibitors of the nuclear transfer of GSTπ have practical value in producing an increase of sensitivity to DOX, CDDP and CPT‐11.
Induction of BCR‐ABL Fusion Genes by in vitro X‐irradiation

The Philadelphia chromosome consists of a reciprocal translocation between the ABL oncogene at chromosome 9q34 and the BCR gene at chromosome 22q1l, resulting in the expression of chimeric BCR‐ABL mRNAs specific to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Presence of the fusion gene can be detected with high specificity and sensitivity by means of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Using this assay, it was possible to detect BCR‐ABL fusion genes induced among HL60 cells after 100 Gy of X‐irradiation in vitro. In total, five fusion gene transcripts were obtained among 108 cells examined. These fusion genes contained not only CML‐specific BCR‐ABL rearrangements, but also other forms of BCR‐ABL fusions. These latter genes had junctions of BCR exon 4/ABL exon 2 intervened by a segment of DNA of unknown origin, BCR exon 5/ABL exon 2, and BCR exon 4/ABL exon 2. The results appear to be direct evidence for the induction of the BCR‐ABL fusion gene by X‐irradiation. In terms of leukemogenesis, it appears that only those cells bearing certain CML‐related BCR‐ABL fusion genes are positively selected by virtue of a growth advantage in vivo.
Increased Risk of Noninfluenza Respiratory Virus Infections Associated With Receipt of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine

Abstract We randomized 115 children to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or placebo. Over the following 9 months, TIV recipients had an increased risk of virologically-confirmed non-influenza infections (relative risk: 4.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-14.8). Being protected against influenza, TIV recipients may lack temporary non-specific immunity that protected against other respiratory viruses.
Predictors for patients understanding reason for hospitalization

Objective To examine predictors for understanding reason for hospitalization. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective, observational cohort study of patients 65 years or older admitted for acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, or pneumonia and discharged home. Primary outcome was complete understanding of diagnosis, based on post-discharge patient interview. Predictors assessed were the following: jargon on discharge instructions, type of medical team, whether outpatient provider knew if the patient was admitted, and whether the patient reported more than one day notice before discharge. Results Among 377 patients, 59.8% of patients completely understood their diagnosis. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that outpatient provider being aware of admission and having more than a day notice prior to discharge were not associated with patient understanding diagnosis. Presence of jargon was not associated with increased likelihood of understanding in a multivariable analysis. Patients on housestaff and cardiology teams were more likely to understand diagnosis compared to non-teaching teams (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.30–4.61, p<0.01 and OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.92–7.63, p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions Non-teaching team patients were less likely to understand their diagnosis. Further investigation of how provider-patient interaction differs among teams may aid in development of tools to improve hospital to community transitions.
The Visual Word Booster: A Spatial Layout of Words Descriptor Exploiting Contour Cues

Although researchers have made efforts to use the spatial information of visual words to obtain better image representations, none of the studies take contour cues into account. Meanwhile, it has been shown that contour cues are important to the perception of imagery in the literature. Inspired by these studies, we propose to use the spatial layout of words (SLoW) to boost visual word based image descriptors by exploiting contour cues. Essentially, the SLoW descriptor utilises contours and incorporates different types of commonly used visual words, including hand-crafted basic contour elements (referred to as contons), textons, and scale-invariant feature transform words, deep convolutional words and a special type of words: local binary pattern codes. Moreover, SLoW features are combined with spatial pyramid matching (SPM) or vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) features. The SLoW descriptor and its combined versions are tested in different tasks. Our results show that they are superior to, or at least comparable to, their counterparts examined in this paper. In particular, the joint use of the SLoW descriptor boosts the performance of the SPM and VLAD descriptors. We attribute these results to the fact that contour cues are important to human visual perception and, the SLoW descriptor captures not only local image characteristics but also the global spatial layout of these characteristics in a more perceptually consistent way than its counterparts.
Cognition in skilled action : meshed control and the varieties of skill experience

We present a synthetic theory of skilled action which proposes that cognitive processes make an important contribution to almost all skilled action, contrary to influential views that many skills are performed largely automatically. Cognitive control is focused on strategic aspects of performance, and plays a greater role as difficulty increases. We offer an analysis of various forms of skill experience and show that the theory provides a better explanation for the full set of these experiences than automatic theories. We further show that the theory can explain experimental evidence for skill automaticity, including evidence that secondary tasks do not interfere with expert performance, and evidence that experts have reduced memory for performance of sensorimotor skills.