Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impasses políticos atuais do Movimento Nacional de Luta Antimanicomial (MNLA) e propostas de enfrentamento: se não nos transformarmos, o risco é a fragmentação e a dispersão política!/ Current political impasses of the Anti-Asylum National Movement (MNLA)

Este pequeno ensaio visa a avaliacao da conjuntura politica e social mais ampla no Brasil e, particularmente, no campo da saude, saude mental e do movimento antimanicomial, mostrando como ela vem se transformando rapidamente nos ultimos anos, com novas rupturas importantes a partir do Governo Dilma. Neste quadro, o Movimento Nacional da Luta Antimanicomial (MNLA), uma das tendencias do movimento antimanicomial no Pais, se encontra hoje inteiramente despreparado para atuar e dar as respostas politicas necessarias as atuais ameacas contra a reforma psiquiatrica no Brasil. O texto tem como objetivo principal estimular o debate interno dentro do MNLA, no sentido de avaliar sua organizacao interna e suas estrategias. Postula que, se nao houver mudancas rapidas em sua identidade, na estrategia mais geral do movimento e nas formas internas de articulacao e organizacao politica, o risco e a sua institucionalizacao, a fragmentacao e a dispersao politica em poucos anos, com imensas perdas em seu papel de garantir valores e lutas fundamentais dentro do movimento antimanicomial e no processo brasileiro de reforma psiquiatrica. Entretanto, o autor avalia que, se houver vontade politica interna, e possivel reverter parcialmente essas tendencias, e conclui levantando alguns cenarios possiveis e propostas concretas para induzir as mudancas indicadas como necessarias. ABSTRACT This short essay aims assessing political and social conjecture in Brazil, particularly in health, mental health and anti-asylum movement fields, showing how it has been transforming quickly in the last few years, with new important ruptures from government Dilma. In this scenario, the National Anti-Asylum Struggle Movement (MNLA), one of the trends in anti-asylum movement in the country, sees itself completely unprepared to act and give the political answers that are needed to the current threats against psychiatric reform in Brazil. This paper has as a main goal to stimulate internal debate inside MNLA, in order to evaluate its internal organization and strategies. Postulates that, if there’s no quick change in its identity, general strategy of the movement and internal forms of articulation or political organization, it risks political institutionalization, fragmentation and policy dispersion in a few years, with huge losses in its role to guarantee worth and fundamental fights inside anti-asylum movement and the Brazilian process of psychiatric reform. However, the author assesses that if, there’s internal political will, it is possible to partially reverse these trends, and concludes raising some possible scenarios and concrete proposals to induce pointed changes as needed. KEYWORDS: Mental Health; Anti-Asylum Movement; Psychiatric Reform.
6 Helicobacter pylori – Not Only a Gastric Pathogene ?

Petr Lukes1, Jaromir Astl1, Emil Pavlik2, Bela Potuznikova2, Jan Plzak1,3, Martin Chovanec1,3 and Jan Betka1 1Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty Hospital Motol, Prague 2Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Prague 3Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Prague Czech Republic
Identifying public water facilities with low spatial variability of disinfection by-products for epidemiological investigations

Background and Aims: Epidemiological studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and reproductive outcomes have been hampered by misclassification of exposure. In most epidemiological studies conducted to date, all persons living within the boundaries of a water distribution system have been assigned a common exposure value based on facility-wide averages of trihalomethane (THM) concentrations. Since THMs do not develop uniformly throughout a distribution system, assignment of facility-wide averages may be inappropriate. One approach to mitigate this potential for misclassification is to select communities for epidemiological investigations that are served by distribution systems with consistently low spatial variability of THMs. Methods and Results: A feasibility study was conducted to develop methods for community selection using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) database, assembled by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The ICR database contains quarterly DBP concentrations collected between 1997 and 1998 from the distribution systems of 198 public water facilities with minimum service populations of 100 000 persons. Facilities with low spatial variation of THMs were identified using two methods; 33 facilities were found with low spatial variability based on one or both methods. Because brominated THMs may be important predictors of risk for adverse reproductive outcomes, sites were categorised into three exposure profiles according to proportion of brominated THM species and average TTHM concentration. The correlation between THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in these facilities was evaluated to see whether selection by total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) corresponds to low spatial variability for HAAs. TTHMs were only moderately correlated with HAAs (r = 0.623). Conclusions: Results provide a simple method for a priori selection of sites with low spatial variability from state or national public water facility datasets as a means to reduce exposure misclassification in epidemiological studies of DBPs.
Caspase-dependent apoptosis of cells expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is induced by cell membrane-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120).

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins interact with CD4 and chemokine receptors on T cells to deliver signals that trigger either activation, anergy, or apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms driving these responses remain poorly understood. In this study we demonstrate that apoptosis is induced upon HIV-1 envelope binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Cells expressing a mutant form of CXCR4 with a C-terminal deletion were also sensitive to HIV-1 envelope-mediated apoptosis, indicating that the cytoplasmic tail of CXCR4 is not required to induce the apoptotic pathway. The specificity of this process was analyzed using several inhibitors of gp120-CD4-CXCR4 interaction. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the gp120-binding site on CD4 (ST4) and against CXCR4 (MAB173) prevented the apoptotic signal in a dose-dependent manner. The cell death program was also inhibited by SDF-1alpha, the natural ligand of CXCR4, and by suramin, a G protein inhibitor that binds with a high affinity to the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein. These results highlight the role played by gp120-binding on CXCR4 to trigger programmed cell death. Next, we investigated the intracellular signal involved in gp120-induced apoptosis. This cell death program was insensitive to pertussis toxin and did not involve activation of the stress- and apoptosis-related MAP kinases p38(MAPK) and SAPK/JNK but was inhibited by a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor (z-VAD.fmk) and a relatively selective inhibitor of caspase 3 (z-DEVD.fmk). Altogether, our results demonstrate that HIV induces a caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway through CXCR4.
A Tableau Prover for Natural Logic and Language

Modeling the entailment relation over sentences is one of the generic problems of natural language understanding. In order to account for this problem, we design a theorem prover for Natural Logic, a logic whose terms resemble natural language expressions. The prover is based on an analytic tableau method and employs syntactically and semantically motivated schematic rules. Pairing the prover with a preprocessor, which generates formulas of Natural Logic from linguistic expressions, results in a proof system for natural language. It is shown that the system obtains a comparable accuracy (81%) on the unseen SICK data while achieving the state-of-the-art precision (98%).
Lipid rafts take center stage in endothelial cell redox signaling by death receptors.

Reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules mediating diverse biological effects in vascular cells ranging from cell growth to cell death.1 The primary enzymatic source of vascular reactive species is the multisubunit NAD(P)H oxidase, expressed and functionally active in endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and adventitial cells.2 Activation of G protein-coupled receptors by vasoactive agents, such as angiotensin II (Ang II), and receptor tyrosine kinases by growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), stimulate NAD(P)H oxidase–derived generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in vascular smooth muscle cells, which activate mitogen-activated protein kinase growth signaling pathways and promote cell cycle progression. In pathological conditions associated with vascular injury and remodeling, increased oxidative stress is now considered a fundamental factor underlying proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells.1,2 Paradoxically in endothelial cells, death receptor ligands and proapoptotic agonists, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, Fas ligand (FasL), and endostatin, also stimulate NAD(P)H oxidase–mediated production of reactive oxygen species.3–5 These processes trigger endothelial cell apoptosis, anoikis, and impaired dilation. How then can agonists that promote cell growth and cell death trigger the same redox-sensitive pathways to elicit divergent cellular responses, and what are the mechanisms that link growth/death receptors to NAD(P)H oxidase in vascular cells? Emerging evidence indicates that lipid microenvironments on the cell surface, known as lipid rafts, may be critically involved in distal redox-sensitive signaling events and ultimate cell fate.6,7 In vascular smooth muscle cells, Ang II–induced cell growth involves epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation, mediated through redox-sensitive c-Src, which is dependent on angiotensin I type 1 receptor trafficking through caveolin 1–enriched lipid rafts.8 In the current issue of Hypertension , Zhang et al elegantly demonstrate that death receptor ligands and apoptotic …
Corporate Rebranding: An Integrative Review of Major Enablers and Barriers to the Rebranding Process

In the field of corporate rebranding, which is an emerging area of research, the literature consists largely of descriptive case studies that are scattered across diverse contexts. These studies take divergent theoretical perspectives that often inform only aspects of rebranding, leaving researchers and managers without a comprehensive understanding of the corporate rebranding process. In adopting a holistic theory of corporate rebranding to organize a review of the literature, this study aims to present an integrated review of the major enablers and barriers to corporate rebranding, with special attention to contextual factors. Through an examination of 76 cases in 61 articles, the paper contributes a new general model of corporate rebranding. Unlike previous models of corporate rebranding, the new model incorporates both single- and multi-phase enablers and barriers. Critical to successful corporate rebranding are the identification and application of six major enablers, including strong rebranding leadership and coordination among multiple functions and stakeholder groups. The new model suggests directions for future research, and the paper discusses how managers can use the model to inform rebranding practice and improve corporate rebranding outcomes.
Development of porous chitosan–gelatin/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for hard tissue‐engineering applications

Composite scaffolds prepared from natural polymers and hydroxyapatite (HA) are expected to have enhanced osteoconductive properties and as a result gained much attention in recent years for use in bone tissue‐engineering applications. Although there are various natural polymers available for this purpose, chitosan (C) and gelatin (G) are commonly studied because of their inherent properties. The aim of this study was to prepare three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds using these two natural polymers and to add either non‐sintered hydroxyapatite (nsHA) or sintered hydroxyapatite (sHA) to compare their influence on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds and on their affinities towards Saos‐2 cells. For this purpose, nsHA and sHA were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyses. Then nsHA and sHA particles, with average sizes of 16 µm and 6 µm, respectively, were added to the solutions of C and G during the preparation step and the resultant 3D scaffolds were characterized. Compression tests indicated that presence of nsHA or sHA increased the Young's modulus and compressive strength of the scaffolds, and the values were very similar to those of human spongy bone. MTS assays, confocal microscopy and SEM analysis showed that cell attachment and proliferation were higher on CG/sHA composite scaffolds compared to the other scaffolds. It was shown that the scaffolds prepared from chitosan, gelatin and HA are appropriate cell carriers for bone tissue engineering, especially those with sHA incorporated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell Wall Anchoring of the Campylobacter Antigens to Lactococcus lactis

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis and chicken meat is the main source of infection. Recent studies showed that broiler chicken immunization against Campylobacter should be the most efficient way to lower the number of human infections by this pathogen. Induction of the mucosal immune system after oral antigen administration should provide protective immunity to chickens. In this work we tested the usefulness of Lactococcus lactis, the most extensively studied lactic acid bacterium, as a delivery vector for Campylobacter antigens. First we constructed hybrid protein - CjaA antigen presenting CjaD peptide epitopes on its surface. We showed that specific rabbit anti-rCjaAD serum reacted strongly with both CjaA and CjaD produced by a wild type C. jejuni strain. Next, rCjaAD and CjaA were fused to the C-terminus of the L. lactis YndF containing the LPTXG motif. The genes expressing these proteins were transcribed under control of the L. lactis Usp45 promoter and their products contain the Usp45 signal sequences. This strategy ensures a cell surface location of both analyzed proteins, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. In order to evaluate the impact of antigen location on vaccine prototype efficacy, a L. lactis strain producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD was also generated. Animal experiments showed a decrease of Campylobacter cecal load in vaccinated birds as compared with the control group and showed that the L. lactis harboring the surface-exposed rCjaAD antigen afforded greater protection than the L. lactis producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains as a mucosal delivery vehicle for chicken immunization. Although the observed reduction of chicken colonization by Campylobacter resulting from vaccination was rather moderate, the experiments showed that LAB strains can be considered as an alternative vector to deliver heterologous antigens to the bird immune system. Additionally, the analysis of the structure and immunogenicity of the generated rCjaAD hybrid protein showed that the CjaA antigen can be considered as a starting point to construct multiepitope anti-Campylobacter vaccines.
Endoderm induction by the organizer‐secreted factors chordin and noggin in Xenopus animal caps.

Spemann's organizer has potent neural inducing and mesoderm dorsalizing activities in the Xenopus gastrula. A third activity, the organizer's ability to induce a secondary gut, has been difficult to analyze experimentally due to the lack of early gene markers. Here we introduce endodermin, a pan‐endodermal gene marker, and use it to demonstrate that chordin (Chd), a protein secreted by the organizer region, is able to induce endodermal differentiation in Xenopus. The ability of chd, as well as that of noggin, to induce endoderm in animal cap explants is repressed by the ventralizing factor BMP‐4. When FGF signaling is blocked by a dominant‐negative FGF receptor in chd‐injected animal caps, neural induction is inhibited and most of the explant is induced to become endoderm. The results suggest that proteins secreted by the organizer, acting together with known peptide growth factors, regulate differentiation of the endodermal germ layer.
Optimization and Evolution of Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis: The Role of Antenna Chlorophyll Conserved between Photosystem II and Photosystem I

The efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis depends on the presence of core antenna chlorophyll closely associated with the photochemical reaction centers of both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). Although the number and overall arrangement of these chlorophylls in PSII and PSI differ, structural comparison reveals a cluster of 26 conserved chlorophylls in nearly identical positions and orientations. To explore the role of these conserved chlorophylls within PSII and PSI we studied the influence of their orientation on the efficiency of photochemistry in computer simulations. We found that the native orientations of the conserved chlorophylls were not optimal for light harvesting in either photosystem. However, PSII and PSI each contain two highly orientationally optimized antenna chlorophylls, located close to their respective reaction centers, in positions unique to each photosystem. In both photosystems the orientation of these optimized bridging chlorophylls had a much larger impact on photochemical efficiency than the orientation of any of the conserved chlorophylls. The differential optimization of antenna chlorophyll is discussed in the context of competing selection pressures for the evolution of light harvesting in photosynthesis.
Atracurium and Vecuronium: Repeated Bolus Injection Versus Infusion

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of recovery from neuromuscular blockade after either atracurium or vecuronium given by intravenous infusion or by repeated injection. Four groups of 10 patients each were studied during nitrous oxide narcotic anesthesia. An initial intravenous dose of 2 × ED95 of either muscle relaxant was followed by an intravenous infusion started at 5% recovery of control twitch tension and adjusted for 95% block or by repeated injection of 0.6 × ED95 administered whenever twitch tension had returned to 25% of control. There were no significant differences between the maintenance doses required based on method of administration: atracurium repeated injection, 1.6 ± 0.3 × ED95 h−1; atracurium infusion, 1.7 ± 0.3 × ED95 h−1; vecuronium repeated injection, 1.8 ± 0.5 × ED95 h−1; and vecuronium infusion, 1.6 ± 0.4 × ED95 h−1. Nevertheless, differences of up to 20 min were noted in the recovery indices in the following order: atracurium repeated injection = atracurium infusion < vecuronium repeated injection < vecuronium infusion. A single dose of neostigmine (7 μg/kg) significantly reduced the recovery indices, thereby eliminating their differences.
Conjugate Gradients on Graphic Hardware : Performance & Feasibility

The Conjugate Gradient method (CG), one of the most commonly used iterative methods for solving very large systems of equations, has a history of running at less than 10% of peak processor performance, because its memory bounded nature and irregular access patterns. Due to their low cost and very large bandwidth, one solution that becomes more and more attractive is using GPUs as accelerators. In this research, we investigate how last generation GPUs perform as accelerators for the CG method by studying the performance and convergence on a large set of test matrices. Although an average 3-5x speedup is obtained even after applying correction iterations to compensate for the smaller precision of the GPU, we find the solver does not work for the majority of the test matrices. Based on a condition number analysis, we find a threshold above which no matrix will converge and discuss alternatives for making the system more feasible.
Ultra-Fast Shapelets for Time Series Classification

Time series shapelets are discriminative subsequences and their similarity to a time series can be used for time series classification. Since the discovery of time series shapelets is costly in terms of time, the applicability on long or multivariate time series is difficult. In this work we propose Ultra-Fast Shapelets that uses a number of random shapelets. It is shown that Ultra-Fast Shapelets yield the same prediction quality as current state-of-the-art shapelet-based time series classifiers that carefully select the shapelets by being by up to three orders of magnitudes. Since this method allows a ultra-fast shapelet discovery, using shapelets for long multivariate time series classification becomes feasible. A method for using shapelets for multivariate time series is proposed and Ultra-Fast Shapelets is proven to be successful in comparison to state-of-the-art multivariate time series classifiers on 15 multivariate time series datasets from various domains. Finally, time series derivatives that have proven to be useful for other time series classifiers are investigated for the shapelet-based classifiers. It is shown that they have a positive impact and that they are easy to integrate with a simple preprocessing step, without the need of adapting the shapelet discovery algorithm.
Influence of velocity on the handover delay associated with a radio-signal-measurement-based handover decision

Velocity has a non-neglectable influence on the handover delay experienced by a user if the handover is triggered on a radio-signal-measurement (RSM) based handover scheme. Assuming currently used RSM schemes employing signal aver- aging (low-pass filtering) and a hysteresis margin, the analytical description of the delay is derived as a function of the velocity. The latter is used to determine the minimal overlapping of two adjacent radio cells required for a seamless, i.e. interrupt- free handover. Results show that the required overlapping for a zero-delay handoff does not scale with the handover frequency. Especially for small radio cell sizes, the overlapping may easily exceed 60% of the cell's diameter. The improvement gained by dynamically adapting RSM-scheme's parameter, i.e. the hystere- sis margin, to the current velocity is neglectably small. Hence, a RSM-based handover decision is not suitable for high handover frequency scenarios and should be supported by other handover trigger mechanisms. I. INTRODUCTION Upcoming wireless local area networks (WLANs) will provide throughput rates of several 100 Mbit/s (2) or even push this limit even beyond 1 Gbit/s. (1) As these future networks cannot infinitely increase the emitted radiation power, the coverage area of each WLAN radio cell will most likely shrink especially if higher frequency bands (e.g. the 30, 40, or 60 GHz) are employed in order to provide these high data rates in the future. (1) Along with the fact of extremely reduced cell sizes comes another challenge: to support user's mobility possibly at high velocities. In an office environment, attenuation may limit the cell size to only a few meter whereas in sub-urban or rural areas, the latter will most likely be larger by a factor in between 100 and 1000. In both cases, the dwell time of a mobile user in a cell may be in the order of only a few seconds which emphasizes the need for an efficient scheme providing a seamless handover to consider VoIP over WLAN as an alternative to traditional cellular telephone systems. (3) Even though the mobile's velocity influences the han- dover frequency, it is still an open issue if a seamless, i.e.