Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusion of Small Peroxisomal Vesicles in Vitro Reconstructs an Early Step in the in Vivo Multistep Peroxisome Assembly Pathway of Yarrowia lipolytica

We have identified and purified six subforms of peroxisomes, designated P1 to P6, from the yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. An analysis of trafficking of peroxisomal proteins in vivo suggests the existence of a multistep peroxisome assembly pathway in Y. lipolytica. This pathway operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2→P3→P4→P5→P6 and involves the import of various peroxisomal proteins into distinct vesicular intermediates. We have also reconstituted in vitro the fusion of the earliest intermediates in the pathway, small peroxisomal vesicles P1 and P2. Their fusion leads to the formation of a larger and more dense peroxisomal vesicle, P3. Fusion of P1 and P2 in vitro requires cytosol and ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by antibodies to two membrane-associated ATPases of the AAA family, Pex1p and Pex6p. We provide evidence that the fusion in vitro of P1 and P2 peroxisomes reconstructs an actual early step in the peroxisome assembly pathway operating in vivo in Y. lipolytica.
Machine translation and human translation: in competition or in complementation?

1. Introduction Ever since the idea of using computers to translate natural languages was first proposed in the 1940s and since the first investigations were begun in the 1950s, translators have watched developments either in scorn or in trepidation. Either they have dismissed the very notion that anyone could even believe that translation could be mechanized, or (at the other extreme) they have feared that their profession would be taken over entirely by machines. The first of these attitudes found expression as early as 1951 in a report for Unesco by J.E. Holmström. He believed that from a machine translation (MT) system, " the resulting literary style would be atrocious and fuller of 'howlers' and false values than the worst that any human translator produces ". The reason was that " translation is an art; something which at every step involves personal choice between uncodifiable alternatives; not merely direct substitutions of equated sets of symbols but choices of values dependent for their soundness on the whole antecedent education and personality of the translator " (Holmström 1951). His comments preceded by three years the first tentative demonstration of a small prototype system, and were based on pure speculation. Nevertheless, such comments have been repeated again and again by translators for nearly fifty years, and no doubt they shall be heard again in the next fifty. The second attitude has also persisted to the present day. However, there is now no doubt that computer-based translation systems are not rivals to human translators, but they are aids to enable them to increase productivity in technical translation or they provide means of translating material which no human translator has ever attempted. In this context we must distinguish (1) machine translation (MT), which aims to undertake the whole translation process, but whose output must invariably be revised; (2) computer aids for translators (translation tools), which support the professional translator; and (3) translation systems for the 'occasional' non-translator user, which produce only rough versions to aid comprehension. These differences were not recognised until the late 1980s. The previous assumption had been that MT systems, whether running on a mainframe or a microcomputer, could serve all these functions with greater or lesser success. In part, this failure to identify different needs and to design systems specifically to meet them has contributed to misconceptions about translation technology and its impact for the professional translator.
Adrenergic Coronary Tone during Submaximal Exercise in the Dog is Produced by Circulating Catecholamines: Evidence for Adrenergic Denervation Supersensitivity in the Myocardium but Not in Coronary Vessels

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating catecholamines are primarily responsible for a-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction during submaximal exercise. The experimental series consisted of chronic studies in which a regional left ventricular sympathectomy was performed with phenol. Myocardial perfusion to the innervated and sympathectomized left ventricular regions was measured in these animals during (1) a control period, (2) treadmill exercise, (3) exercise during β-adrenergic blockade, and (4) exercise during combined α- + β-adrenergic blockade. We found no differences in myocardial perfusion between the innervated and sympathectomized regions or the transmural distribution of perfusion during any of these interventions. Thus, there is no evidence for neurogenic α-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction. However, during exercise in the presence of α- and β-blockade, coronary resistance (mmHg±min±lOO g/ml) was significantly less in both the innervated (0.65 ± 0.07) and sympathectomized (0.68 ± 0.07) regions than during β-blockade, 0.90 ± 0.17 and 0.89 ± 0.16, respectively. This suggests that coronary α-adrenergic constriction was produced by circulating catecholamines. This concept of humorally mediated, α-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction was strengthened by in vivo and in vitro studies that demonstrated that α-adrenergic Supersensitivity of the coronary vasculature was not present. Myocardial β-adrenergic Supersensitivity was observed in the phenol regional sympathectomy model; however, this effect was blocked by propranolol (1 mg/kg). This indicates that α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in both myocardial regions during submaximal exercise is produced by circulating catecholamines. The major conclusion of this study is that, during submaximal exercise in the canine, α-adrenergic coronary vasoconstrictor tone is predominately due to circulating catecholamines rather than direct neural effects.
CD14 is associated with biliary stricture formation

The pathogenesis of intrahepatic biliary stricture formation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or after liver transplantation (LTx) remains elusive. CD14 receptor signaling is a key mediator of the innate immune system; its common genetic variant is associated with alcoholic liver disease. PSC and LTx cohort patients and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) control patients were genotyped for the CD14 ‐260C>T (rs2569190) polymorphism, and genotypes were correlated with long‐term clinical outcome. Biliary tissue, bile, and whole blood of PSC patients and healthy controls were screened for markers of the innate immune system and bacterial infection. In 121 PSC patients, the CD14 ‐260C>T genotype was associated with development of dominant bile duct strictures (P = 0.02). In 365 LTx patients, TT carriers (4.1%) were protected against the formation of nonanastomotic biliary strictures versus CC/CT patients (12.6%; P = 0.01). Chemokine ligand 8 (P = 0.04) and chemokine receptor 6 (P = 0.004) were up‐regulated in biliary tissue of PSC patients with the TT versus the CC/CT genotype. Lipopolysaccharide whole‐blood stimulation resulted in a significant change in interleukin (IL)‐8 (P = 0.05) and IL‐12p40 levels (P = 0.04) in healthy control subjects carrying the TT genotype. TT PSC patients were protected against Gram‐negative bacterial biliary infection (TT: 0% vs. CC/CT: 22.5%; P = 0.02). Serum‐soluble CD14 levels correlated with the CD14 ‐260C>T genotype (P = 0.02), representing an independent risk indicator of survival in PSC patients (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.19‐0.86; P =0.01). Conclusions: The function of the innate immune response by CD14 is crucial during biliary infection and stricture formation. The benefits of CD14 signaling modification should be addressed in future studies. (Hepatology 2016;64:843‐852)
Sinkless: A Preliminary Study of Stress Propagation in Group Project Social Networks using a Variant of the Abelian Sandpile Model

We perform social network analysis on 53 students split over three semesters and 13 groups, using conventional measures like eigenvector centrality, betweeness centrality, and degree centrality, as well as defining a variant of the Abelian Sandpile Model (ASM) with the intention of modeling stress propagation in the college classroom. We correlate the results of these analyses with group project grades received; due to a small or poorly collected dataset, we are unable to conclude that any of these network measures relates to those grades. However, we are successful in using this dataset to define a discrete, recursive, and more generalized variant of the ASM. Abelian Sandpile Model, College Grades, Self-organized Criticality, Sinkless Sandpile Model, Social Network Analysis, Stress Propagation
Overview of the NTCIR-13 OpenLiveQ Task

This is an overview of the NTCIR-13 OpenLiveQ task. This task aims to provide an open live test environment of Yahoo Japan Corporation’s community question-answering service (Yahoo! Chiebukuro) for question retrieval systems. The task was simply defined as follows: given a query and a set of questions with their answers, return a ranked list of questions. Submitted runs were evaluated both offline and online. In the online evaluation, we employed optimized multileaving, a multileaving method that showed high efficiency over the other methods in our preliminary experiment. We describe the details of the task, data, and evaluation methods, and then report official results at NTCIR-13 OpenLiveQ.
Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change: Background and Intervention Development

An essential characteristic of advanced practice nurses is the use of theory in practice. Clinical nurse specialists apply theory in providing or directing patient care, in their work as consultants to staff nurses, and as leaders influencing and facilitating system change. Knowledge of technology and pharmacology has far outpaced knowledge of how to facilitate health behavior change, and new theories are needed to better understand how practitioners can facilitate health behavior change. In this article, the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change is described, and an example of its use as foundation to intervention development is presented. The Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change suggests that health behavior change can be enhanced by fostering knowledge and beliefs, increasing self-regulation skills and abilities, and enhancing social facilitation. Engagement in self-management behaviors is seen as the proximal outcome influencing the long-term distal outcome of improved health status. Person-centered interventions are directed to increasing knowledge and beliefs, self-regulation skills and abilities, and social facilitation. Using a theoretical framework improves clinical nurse specialist practice by focusing assessments, directing the use of best-practice interventions, and improving patient outcomes. Using theory fosters improved communication with other disciplines and enhances the management of complex clinical conditions by providing holistic, comprehensive care.
Predicting Directed Links Using Nondiagonal Matrix Decompositions

We present a method for trust prediction based on no diagonal decompositions of the asymmetric adjacency matrix of a directed network. The method we propose is based on a no diagonal decomposition into directed components (DEDICOM), which we use to learn the coefficients of a matrix polynomial of the network's adjacency matrix. We show that our method can be used to compute better low-rank approximations to a polynomial of a network's adjacency matrix than using the singular value decomposition, and that a higher precision can be achieved at the task of predicting directed links than by undirected or bipartite methods.
Automatic Generation Of Synchronous Test Patterns For Asynchronous Circuits

This paper presents a novel approach for automatic test patterngeneration of asynchronous circuits. The techniques used for thispurpose assume that the circuit can only be exercised by applyingsynchronous test vectors, as is done by real-life testers.The main contribution of the paper is the abstraction of thecircuit's behavior as a synchronous finite state machine in such away that similar techniques to those currently used for synchronouscircuits can be safely applied for testing.Currently, the fault model being used is the input stuck-at model.Experimental results on different benchmarks show that our approachgenerates test vectors with high fault coverage.
Recommendations on the clinical use of bendamustine in lymphoproliferative syndromes and multiple myeloma

Bendamustine is an increasingly used hybrid alkylating agent that is active in lymphoid neoplasias via a novel mechanism of action. There are some pending questions about its use in clinical practice because of its developmental features. A consensus panel of several leading Spanish hematologists with broad experience in the clinical use of bendamustine has established recommendations for the management and treatment of hematological patients with bendamustine based on available clinical data and the experience of the participants. These recommendations address the dose and treatment regimen for different clinical indications, the management of toxicity, and support therapy. This article contains the conclusions of this consensus panel, which are intended to serve as guidelines for the use of bendamustine.
Optimal Space–Time Codes for the MIMO Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Channel

In this work, we extend the nonorthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF) cooperative diversity scheme to the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. A family of space-time block codes for a half-duplex MIMO NAF fading cooperative channel with N relays is constructed. The code construction is based on the nonvanishing determinant (NVD) criterion and is shown to achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of the channel. We provide a general explicit algebraic construction, followed by some examples. In particular, in the single-relay case, it is proved that the Golden code and the 4times4 Perfect code are optimal for the single-antenna and two-antenna cases, respectively. Simulation results reveal that a significant gain (up to 10 dB) can be obtained with the proposed codes, especially in the single-antenna case
Energetic mapping of oxide traps in MoS2 field-effect transistors

The performance of MoS2 transistors is strongly affected by charge trapping in oxide traps with very broad distributions of time constants. These defects degrade the mobility and additionally lead to the hysteresis of the gate transfer characteristics, which presents a crucial performance and reliability issue for these new technologies. Here we perform a detailed study of the hysteresis in double-gated MoS2 FETs and show that this issue is nothing else than a combination of threshold voltage shifts resulting from positive and negative bias-temperature instabilities. While these instabilities are well known from silicon devices, they are even more important in 2D devices given the considerably larger defect densities. Most importantly, the magnitudes of these threshold voltage shifts depend strongly on the density and energetic alignment of the active oxide traps. Based on this, we introduce the incremental hysteresis sweep method which allows for an accurate mapping of these defects and extract their energy distributions from simulations. By applying our method to analyze the impact of oxide traps situated in the Al2O3 top gate of several devices, we confirm its versatility. Since all 2D devices investigated so far suffer from a similar hysteresis behavior, the incremental hysteresis sweep method provides a unique and powerful way for the detailed characterization of their defect bands.
Iterative and Non-iterative Simulation Algorithms

The Gibbs sampler, Metropolis’ algorithm, and similar iterative simulation methods are related to rejection sampling and importance sampling, two methods which have been traditionally thought of as non-iterative. We explore connections between importance sampling, iterative simulation, and importance-weighted resampling (SIR), and present new algorithms that combine aspects of importance sampling, Metropolis’ algorithm, and the Gibbs sampler.
Source and supply of terrestrial organic matter affects aquatic microbial metabolism

Aquatic ecosystems are connected to their surrounding watersheds through inputs of terrestrial-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). The assimilation of this allochthonous resource by recipient bacterioplankton has consequences for food webs and the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems. We used laboratory batch experiments to examine how variation in the source and supply (i.e. concentration) of DOM affects the productivity, respiration and growth efficiency of heterotrophic lake bacterioplankton. We created 6 different DOM sources from soils beneath near- monotypic tree stands in a temperate deciduous-coniferous forest. We then exposed freshwater microcosms containing a natural microbial community to a 1100 µM supply gradient of each DOM source. Bacterial productivity (BP) and bacterial respiration (BR) increased linearly over the broad gradient, on average consuming 7% of the standing pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Bacter- ial metabolism was also influenced by the chemical composition of the DOM source. Carbon-specific productivity declined exponentially with an increase in the carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratio of the dif- ferent DOM sources, consistent with the predictions of ecological stoichiometry. Together, our short- term laboratory experiments quantitatively describe the metabolic responses of freshwater bacterio- plankton to variation in the supply of terrestrial-derived DOM. Furthermore, our results suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) content, which may be linked to the identity of terrestrial vege- tation, is indicative of DOM quality and influences the productivity of freshwater bacterioplankton.
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Creation of Elastase-Induced Saccular Aneurysms in a Rabbit Model

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits have been proposed as a useful preclinical tool for device development. The object of this study was to report rates of morbidity and mortality associated with the creation and embolization of elastase-induced rabbit aneurysms and to assess the impact of operator experience on these rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Elastase-induced model aneurysms were created in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 700). One neuroradiologist/investigator, naive to the aneurysm-creation procedure at the outset of the experiments, performed all surgeries. All morbidity and deaths related to aneurysm creation (n = 700) and embolization procedures (n = 529) were categorized into acute and chronic deaths. Data were analyzed with single-regression analysis and analysis of variance. To assess the impact of increasing operator experience, we broke the number of animals into 50-animal increments. RESULTS: There were 121 (17%) deaths among 700 subjects. Among 700 aneurysm-creation procedures, 59 deaths (8.4%) were noted. Among 529 aneurysm-embolization procedures, 43 deaths (8.1%) were noted. Nineteen additional deaths (2.7% of 700 subjects) were unrelated to the procedures. Simple regression-indicated mortality associated with procedures diminished with increasing operator experience (R2 = 0.38, P = .0180), and that for each 50-rabbit increment mortality was reduced, on average, by 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates of approximately 8% are associated with both experimental aneurysm creation and with embolization in the rabbit elastase-induced aneurysm model. Increasing operator experience is inversely correlated with mortality, and the age of the rabbit is positively associated with morbidity.
Dedicated pediatric cardiac intensive care unit in a developing country: Does it improve the outcome?

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Focussed cardiac intensive care is known to produce better outcomes. We have evaluated the benefits of a dedicated Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (PCICU) in the early postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. METHODS Prospectively collected data of 634 consecutive patients who underwent congenital heart surgery from September 2008 to September 2009 were analyzed. Midway through this period a dedicated PCICU was started. The patients who were treated in this new PCICU formed the study group (Group B, n = 318). The patients who were treated in a common postoperative cardiac surgery ICU formed the control group (Group A, n = 316). Early postoperative outcomes between the two groups were compared. RESULTS The two groups were comparable with respect to demographic data and intraoperative variables. The duration of mechanical ventilation in the dedicated pediatric cardiac ICU group (32.22 ± 52.02 hours) was lower when compared with the combined adult and pediatric surgery ICU group (42.92 ± 74.24 hours, P= 0.04). There was a shorter duration of ICU stay in the dedicated pediatric cardiac ICU group (2.69 ± 2.9 days vs. 3.43 ± 3.80 days, P = 0.001). The study group also showed a shorter duration of inotropic support and duration of invasive lines. The incidence of blood stream infections was also lower in the dedicated pediatric ICU group (5.03 vs. 9.18%, P = 0.04). A subgroup analysis of neonates and infants <1 year showed that the advantages of a dedicated pediatric intensive care unit were more pronounced in this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS Establishment of a dedicated pediatric cardiac intensive care unit has shown better outcomes in terms of earlier extubation, de-intensification, and discharge from the ICU. Blood stream infections were also reduced.
Behavioral Family Intervention for Children With Developmental Disabilities and Behavioral Problems

The outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of a new behavioral family intervention, Stepping Stones Triple P, for preschoolers with developmental and behavior problems are presented. Forty-eight children with developmental disabilities participated, 27 randomly allocated to an intervention group and 20 to a wait-list control group. Parents completed measures of parenting style and stress, and independent observers assessed parent-child interactions. The intervention was associated with fewer child behavior problems reported by mothers and independent observers, improved maternal and paternal parenting style, and decreased maternal stress. All effects were maintained at 6-month follow-up.