Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Korean Public Administration Research 1999-2009

This article examines three major characteristics—themes, research methods, and authorship—of Korean public administration research written in the Korean language during 1999 to 2009. It suggests that this research has evolved and advanced both quantitatively and qualitatively. Recent Korean scholarship can be characterized as consisting of more reform-oriented topics, more quantitative methods, and more diversified authorship. These characteristics were partially caused by increasing social demand for government reform and growing emphasis on methodological rigor in public administration research, as well as increased government research funding for graduate programs. This also concludes that the Korean public administration research has advanced greatly in past decades but needs a better thematic and methodological balance as well as balance between theoretical and prescriptive studies.
Barriers to Living Donation Among Low-Resource Hispanics

Hispanics are disproportionately affected by renal failure. Although living donation has been heralded as a potential means for alleviating the need for transplantable kidneys, a nuanced understanding of the obstacles faced by Hispanics is necessary. In our study, we conducted focus groups with 28 first-generation Spanish-dominant Hispanic renal patients. Although some of the barriers that emerged were akin to those reported in previous research (e.g., a lack of knowledge about the process), others were unique. Rarely chronicled barriers include the disqualification of family members because of medical issues, potential donors being unable to miss work, disqualification of family members who are undocumented, concern that potential donors cannot support their family if they donate, and declining social support because of illness. The interaction among this constellation of barriers makes living donation particularly difficult among this population. Investigations focused on the unique barriers faced by these low-resource individuals are warranted.
Human immunoglobulin G antibody response to the major gonococcal iron-regulated protein

In humans, gonococcal infection occurs in environments limited with respect to free iron. Neisseria gonorrhoeae produces increased quantities of iron-regulated membrane proteins when grown under in vitro conditions which restrict the availability of free iron. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot (immunoblot) techniques, we studied the reactivity of specific antibodies to the 37-kilodalton (kDa) major iron-regulated protein (MIRP) of gonococci grown under iron-limiting conditions. Antibodies reactive with the 37-kDa MIRP were distinguished from those reactive with protein I by using purified 37-kDa MIRP or gonococcal protein preparations. Acute-phase sera from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) reacted strongly to both the 37-kDa MIRP and protein I. Acute sera from nine patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea did not exhibit strong reactivity with the 37-kDa MIRP and were indistinguishable from five control sera. When compared with acute-phase sera, convalescent-phase sera from patients with DGI failed to demonstrate increased reactivity, whereas convalescent-phase sera from one of nine patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea developed reactivity to the 37-kDa MIRP. These data indicate that (i) the 37-kDa MIRP is expressed and antigenic in vivo and (ii) humans with DGI consistently develop a systemic antibody response to the 37-kDa MIRP.
Association of soluble HLA-G plasma levels with HLA-G alleles.

Soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecules are found in the peripheral blood of healthy females and males, in cord blood and in amniotic fluids and discussed to be a mediator in maternal-fetal tolerance. In this study we investigated whether there are allele-specific differences in expression of sHLA-G molecules. For this, the sHLA-G plasma concentrations of 94 healthy unrelated individuals were measured by ELISA and correlated to their HLA-G genotypes, as determined by sequence analysis of exon 2 and 3 of the HLA-G gene. Mean sHLA-G levels in individuals with the most common HLA-G alleles G*01011 (27.0+/-2.1 SEM ng/ml, n=66), G*01012 (28.4+/-3.2 SEM ng/ml, n=34) were very similar. In contrast, individuals carrying the HLA-G*01013 (8.1+/-1.7 SEM ng/ml, n=17) or the "null" allele HLA-G*0105N (8.2+/-3.2 SEM ng/ml, n=7) presented significantly (P(c)=0.001 and P(c)<0.01, resp. ) reduced sHLA-G levels. Furthermore, individuals with the HLA-G*01041 allele had significantly (P(c)=0.004) increased sHLA-G levels (42.5+/-4.6 SEM ng/ml, n=14). These results demonstrate that the generation of sHLA-G molecules is associated to certain HLA-G alleles and imply that sHLA-G levels are under genetic control. As low and high sHLA-G plasma levels did not segregate with HLA haplotypes including the HLA-G*01013 or *01041 allele, additional mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of the individual sHLA-G levels. Nevertheless, the existence of "low" and "high secretor" HLA-G alleles further suggests different levels of functionality in immune regulation.
ASCA Jnl August09

ate their programs in a manner consistent with teachers and other educators. A small-group counseling intervention was used by a school counselor as part of a three-level program planning initiative that illustrated best research practices to evaluate program outcomes. Fortynine third-grade students with social skills deficits participated in a 10-week social skills intervention. Results indicated that children participating in the intervention experienced reduced loneliness and social anxiety as well as improved academic achievement. Implications for school counselors conducting evaluations in a practical and time-efficient manner are discussed.
Dénatalité et marché matrimonial. Le cas de l'Italie en 1930-1950

Résumé Bartiaux (Françoise). - Dénatalité et marché matrimonial : le cas de l'Italie en 1930- 1950 La dénatalité enregistrée en Italie en 1916-1919 a déstabilisé le marché matrimonial dès le milieu des années 1930. Ce déséquilibre fut résolu par des modifications importantes dans le croisement des générations, modifications que l'on peut encore bien observer par une analyse par couple des données individuelles du recensement de 1981. L'on évalue ensuite le rôle de la mortalité et du veuvage, qui causent une sélection des couples survivant en 1981; cet effet s'avère minime. Cet article se termine par une discussion de l'influence des circonstances du moment où ces mariages furent célébrés (avant, pendant et après la seconde guerre mondiale).
University physics students’ conceptualizations of factors affecting the speed of sound propagation

This report discusses university physics students’ conceptualizations of the factors affecting the speed of sound propagation. The data source consists of a set of detailed explanations which Canadian and South African physics graduates provided during the course of clinical‐like interviews dealing with their understanding of sound. The analysis of the students’ explanations was set in the phenomenographic tradition: their categorization led to the characterization of three qualitatively different conceptualizations. The conceptualizations are illustrated with dialogue excerpts taken from the student interviews. Implications for physics teaching are discussed.
Gender, Parenthood, and Job-Family Compatibility

This article explores the contention that the concentration of women in certain jobs that accommodate parenting can help explain both occupational gender segregation and the lower wages received by women employed full time. Evidence from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey shows that the combination of both schedule flexibility and ease of job performance most clearly reduces job-family conflict for parents. However, mothers employed over 30 hours a week are not more likely to be in jobs with those characteristics, nor are predominantly female jobs in general likely to possess that cluster of characteristics shown to reduce job-family conflict.
Amphotropic proviral envelope sequences are absent from the Mus germ line

We derived an amphotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) type-specific probe for use in Southern blot hybridizations with cloned and genomic DNAs. A 133-base-pair RsaI-RsaI fragment from the 5' env region of the amphotropic viral isolate 4070A was subcloned into M13mp18 and radiolabeled in vitro. The probe detected the proviral DNAs in mink cells infected with seven different amphotropic MuLV isolates. The probe did not cross hybridize with the DNAs of molecular clones of ecotropic, mink cell focus-forming, or xenotropic MuLVs; nor did it anneal to the proviral DNAs of four xenotropic or six mink cell focus-forming viral isolates grown in mink cells. DNAs of 12 inbred laboratory mouse strains and more than 15 different wild mouse species and subspecies were examined for the presence of endogenous amphotropic env-related fragments. Amphotropic env-related sequences were found only in the DNAs of wild mice trapped in southern California in an area previously shown to harbor mice producing infectious amphotropic virus. Restriction enzyme analyses of DNAs from these mice showed that amphotropic sequences were not present as germ line copies but were the result of congenital or horizontal infection or both in this population. The DNAs of 11 various mammalian and avian species, including both natural predators of mice and squabs from the farms with virus-positive mice, lacked amphotropic envelope-related sequences.
La surmortalité des filles en Belgique vers 1890. Une approche régionale

Résumé Eggerickx (Thierry), Tabutin (Dominique). - La surmortalité des filles en Belgique vers 1890 : une approche régionale Comme partout en Europe, la Belgique connaît au XIXe siècle une surmortalité féminine de 2 ou 3 ans à 25 ou 30 ans. L'objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence, vers 1890, les variations de ce phénomène entre les 41 arrondissements belges, selon la taille des communes et selon le type de production dominant (minier, textile, agricole et tertiaire-urbain). Entre 1 et 5 ans, cette surmortalité féminine n'apparaît qu'en milieu rural alors qu'entre 5 et 20 ans, elle existe partout. Néanmoins, elle est moins intense dans les milieux industriel et urbain où la mortalité des garçons est patriculièrement élevée. En Wallonie, le milieu d'habitat et l'activité économique sont en relation assez étroite avec la surmortalité des jeunes filles. Le lien avec le niveau d'éducation des mères est moins important. En Flandre, en revanche, aucune de ces relations n'apparaît très clairement. En définitive, dans tous les milieux, les jeunes filles «payaient» davantage de leur vie que les garçons mais plus ou moins selon le milieu culturel, selon les structures de production et selon les rapports sociaux entre sexes qui en découlaient.
INVESTIGATING PLANET FORMATION IN CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS: CARMA OBSERVATIONS OF RY Tau AND DG Tau

We present CARMA observations of the thermal dust emission from the circumstellar disks around the young stars RY Tau and DG Tau at wavelengths of 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm. The angular resolution of the maps is as high as 0. ″15, or 20 AU at the distance of the Taurus cloud, which is a factor of 2 higher than has been achieved to date at these wavelengths. The unprecedented detail of the resulting disk images enables us to address three important questions related to the formation of planets. (1) What is the radial distribution of the circumstellar dust? (2) Does the dust emission show any indication of gaps that might signify the presence of (proto-)planets? (3) Do the dust properties depend on the orbital radius? We find that modeling the disk surface density in terms of either a classical power law or the similarity solution for viscous disk evolution reproduces the observations well. Both models constrain the surface density between 15 and 50 AU to within 30% for a given dust opacity. Outside this range, the densities inferred from the two models differ by almost an order of magnitude. The 1.3 mm image from RY Tau shows two peaks separated by 0. ″2 with a decline in the dust emission toward the stellar position, which is significant at about 2σ–4σ. For both RY Tau and DG Tau, the dust emission at radii larger than 15 AU displays no significant deviation from an unperturbed viscous disk model. In particular, no radial gaps in the dust distribution are detected. Under reasonable assumptions, we exclude the presence of planets more massive than 5 MJ orbiting either star at distances between about 10 and 60 AU, unless such a planet is so young that there has been insufficient time to open a gap in the disk surface density. The radial variation of the dust opacity slope, β, was investigated by comparing the 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm observations. We find mean values of β of 0.5 and 0.7 for DG Tau and RY Tau, respectively. Variations in β are smaller than Δβ = 0.7 between 20 and 70 AU. These results confirm that the circumstellar dust throughout these disks differs significantly from dust in the interstellar medium.
Characterizing the relationship between degree distributions and community structures

Extended power laws and inhomogeneous connections are structural patterns often found in empirical networks. Mechanisms based on the formation of triads are able to explain the power law behavior of the degree distribution of such networks. The proposed model introduces a two-step mechanism of attachment and triad formation that illustrates how preferential linkage plays an important role in shaping the inhomogeneity of connections and the division of the network into groups of nodes (i.e., the growth of community structures). In particular, we identify conditions under which the scaling exponent of the power law correlates to a widely-used modularity measure of non-overlapping communities. Our analytical results characterize the asymptotic behavior of both the scaling exponent and the modularity, as a function of the strength with which nodes with similar characteristics tend to link to each other.
Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Pancreatic Cancer Development: A Meta-Analysis

Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most troublesome malignancies with dismal prognosis. H. pylori has been recognized as a type I carcinogen. Several studies have evaluated the association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer development, however, the conclusions are inconsistent. Methods Literature search was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases to identify eligible researches. We performed overall meta-analysis of all studies included and subgroup analysis based on regional distribution. Quality of the studies (assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for case-control studies) and CagA+ strains of H. pylori were taken into consideration, and we conducted additional analyses including high-quality researches and those concerning CagA+ H. pylori respectively. Results 9 studies involving 3033 subjects (1083 pancreatic cancer cases, 1950 controls) were included. Summary OR and 95%CI of the overall meta-analysis of all included studies were 1.47 and 1.22-1.77, pooled data of the 4 high-quality studies were OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.01-1.63. OR of the 5 studies examined CagA+ strains was 1.42, corresponding 95%CI was 0.79 to 2.57. Summary estimates of subgroup analysis based on regional distribution are as follows, Europe group: OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.15-2.10; East Asia group: OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.33-3.02; North America group: OR 1.17, 95%CI 0.87-1.58. There was not obvious heterogeneity across the 9 studies. No publication bias was detected. Conclusion H. pylori infection is significantly, albeit weakly, associated with pancreatic cancer development. The association is prominent in Europe and East Asia, but not in North America. CagA+ H. pylori strains appear not to be associated with pancreatic cancer. However, more studies, especially prospective studies, are needed to validate our results.
Lock It and Still Lose It - on the (In)Security of Automotive Remote Keyless Entry Systems

While most automotive immobilizer systems have been shown to be insecure in the last few years, the security of remote keyless entry systems (to lock and unlock a car) based on rolling codes has received less attention. In this paper, we close this gap and present vulnerabilities in keyless entry schemes used by major manufacturers. In our first case study, we show that the security of the keyless entry systems of most VW Group vehicles manufactured between 1995 and today relies on a few, global master keys. We show that by recovering the cryptographic algorithms and keys from electronic control units, an adversary is able to clone a VW Group remote control and gain unauthorized access to a vehicle by eavesdropping a single signal sent by the original remote. Secondly, we describe the Hitag2 rolling code scheme (used in vehicles made by Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet, Peugeot, Lancia, Opel, Renault, and Ford among others) in full detail. We present a novel correlation-based attack on Hitag2, which allows recovery of the cryptographic key and thus cloning of the remote control with four to eight rolling codes and a few minutes of computation on a laptop. Our findings affect millions of vehicles worldwide and could explain unsolved insurance cases of theft from allegedly locked vehicles.
Sense and the city: exploring the embodied geographies of urban walking

Within UK pedestrian policy, walking is promoted as a sustainable mode of transport that benefits both the body and mind. However, much policy discussion assumes all walking to be the same and a largely self-evident means of transport, whilst many academic engagements with walking are highly abstract theorisations that lack any systematic empirical exploration of actual pedestrian practices. As such, there is little that unpacks the experiences of those who navigate, negotiate, and traverse the city streets in their day-to-day lives. In contrast, this paper aims to situate and understand the practice of everyday walking in the unfolding experiences of urban pedestrians. Walking is positioned and understood as a socio-technical assemblage that enables specific attention to be drawn to the embodied, material and technological relations and their significance for engaging with everyday urban movements on foot. The analysis draws upon in-depth interview and walking photo diary data from participants in the inner London boroughs of Islington and Hackney. Particular analytic attention to the different styles and conventions of urban walking and how these are intimately linked to bodily senses and the materiality of the city provides an opportunity for creating an increased engagement between urban and pedestrian policy and urban and social theory.
Motivation And Attitudes Of Iranian Undergraduate EFL Students Towards Learning English

This paper investigated the various socio-psychological orientations of Iranian undergraduates towards learning English. It focused on the motivation orientations of the students and their attitudes towards the target language and its community. A group of 108 students majoring in English translation at Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch in Isfahan, Iran was surveyed using the AMTB (Attitude, Motivation Test Battery). The domains used for the purposes of the study were: a) interest in English, b) parental encouragement, c) motivational intensity, d) attitudes towards learning English, e) attitudes towards English-speaking people, f) integrative orientation, g) desire to learn English, and h) instrumental orientation. The results revealed that these Iranian Non-native speakers of English learn the language for both ‘instrumental’ and 'integrative' reasons and their attitudes towards the target language community and its members were generally found to be highly positive. The paper also reported some micro and macro implications of the study.
UK managers' conceptions of employee training and development

Purpose – The first purpose of this paper is to review the practical and theoretical distinctions between training and development in the organisational psychology and human resource development (HRD) literatures. Then the paper seeks to investigate how managers responsible for the training and development function conceptualise these activities in practice, the factors that guide their decision making, how they evaluate the outcomes and the extent to which they perceive a relationship between training and development. Design/methodology/approach – Taking a critical realist perspective, 26 interviews were conducted with UK managers and analysed through thematic coding using template analysis. Findings – Managers' conceptualisations of training and development vary. Formal training is prioritised due to a perceived more tangible demonstrable return on investment. Perceived success in training focuses on improvements to job-related skills, whereas success outcomes for development are more varied and difficult to measure. Managers consider that training and development are more valuable when combined. Research limitations/implications – There is a need for further process-driven research to understand the interrelationship between training and development and to develop methods that can be used by organisations to evaluate both. This necessitates going beyond methods currently in use and including both qualitative and quantitative measures. Practical implications – Managers may take a more proactive and directive role in facilitating development than the literature suggests; consequently, their role needs to be considered more actively in HRD learning strategies. Originality/value – This is one of the first qualitative studies to explore the conceptualisations of managers responsible for training and development, highlighting the inter-relationship between training and development and the factors guiding decisions regarding these activities.
Localization of tones and noise in the horizontal plane by unrestrained house mice (Mus musculus).

House mice (Mus musculus, outbred strain NMRI) were trained to locate loudspeakers at the margin of a wire-mesh covered circular platform. Sound signals were tone bursts of 1, 15, 50 and 80 kHz and noise bursts (bandwidth 15-80 kHz). Localization acuity as represented by orientation angles (alpha) toward the speaker was determined at 5 radial distances from the centre of the platform. If the animals could localize under closed-loop conditions (with repetitive stimulation), the distributions of (alpha) showed a significant peak at the speaker position (0 degrees) and mean orientation angles (alpha) for the different stimuli all varied around 0 degrees. Distributions of (alpha) from open-loop tests were not peaked, i.e. mice did not localize the sound source. We calculated the median angle (beta) of the distributions of orientated runs and used (beta) as a measure for the accuracy of localization. Smallest values of beta were 12 degrees for 1 kHz, 15 degrees for 15 kHz, 9.5 degrees for 50 kHz, 8.5 degrees for 80 kHz tone bursts and 7 degrees for the noise bursts. The results are discussed in relation to possible localization mechanisms in mice.