Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Fracturing Network Propagation in Random Naturally Fractured and Laminated Block Experiments

Researchers have recently realized thatsilty laminas are very developed in naturally fractured continentalsedimentary formations in the Ordos Basin(China). Studies have shown that silty laminas are significant to improve the physical properties and gas storage capacity, and the natural fractures interact with the hydraulic fractures to maximize the fracture network during hydraulic fracturing. However, the influence of silty laminas withrandom fractures on the created hydraulic fracture networkis not well understood. Laboratory experiments are proposed to investigate the evolution of fracture networks in naturally fractured formations with model blocks that contain laminas and random fractures. The influence of dominating factors was studied and analyzed, with an emphasis on stress ratio, injection rate, and laminae strength. Macroscopic failure morphology descriptions combined with meso 3-D laser scanning techniques are both used to reveal the evolution of fracture networks. It is suggested that high injection rate, medium laminae strength, and low stress ratio tend to increase the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). The interactions between the silty laminae and random natural fractures affect the effect of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. This work strongly links the production technology and fracability evaluation in the continental shale formation. It can aid in the understanding and optimization of hydraulic fracturing simulations in silty laminae shale reservoirs.
Generalized Risk-Aversion in Stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits

We consider the problem of minimizing the regret in stochastic multi-armed bandit, when the measure of goodness of an arm is not the mean return, but some general function of the mean and the variance.We characterize the conditions under which learning is possible and present examples for which no natural algorithm can achieve sublinear regret.
The Revised Self-Consciousness Scale: An Assessment of Factor Structure, Reliability and Gender Differences in Saudi Arabia

The study investigated psychometric properties and gender differences in the responses of 1185 Saudi high school and university students to an Arabic version of the Revised Self-Consciousness Scale (Scheier & Carver, 1985). Findings replicated the three-factor structure. The original three subscales (private, public, and social anxiety) were factorially reproduced, and were found to have acceptable levels of reliability. Strong gender differences were found. High school females scored significantly and consistently higher than males on all three subscales. University female students scored significantly and consistently higher than males on private self-consciousness only. Results are discussed in relation to previous studies and in relation to the Saudi Arabian culture.
Risk Factors of Treatment-Limiting Anemia after Substitution of Zidovudine for Stavudine in HIV-Infected Adult Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment

Background Anemia is the main concern among patients using a zidovudine (AZT)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART). Some studies suggested weight-adjusted AZT dosing as a way to reduce toxicity. We analyzed the risk factors associated with AZT-induced anemia in a cohort using AZT as substitution for stavudine (D4T). Methods We retrospectively studied HIV-infected patients in a referral hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia between 2003 and 2011. Factors associated with AZT-related anemia requiring AZT-discontinuation within the first year after AZT initiation were analyzed using Cox regression. Results Overall, 1180 patients, 60.5% female, were included. At AZT initiation, the median hemoglobin was 12.7 g/dL (IQR 11.7–13.9), the median weight: 51 kg (IQR 45–58) and the median time on ART prior to AZT substitution: 1.4 years (IQR 1.0–2.0). Within one year follow-up, 139 patients (11.8%) developed anemia requiring AZT discontinuation. Overall, there was no independent association of body weight with AZT discontinuation. AZT discontinuation was associated with lower hemoglobin level when starting AZT; older age and taking D4T-based ART less than one year prior to AZT. In exploratory analysis, a linear increase in risk of grade 2–4 anemia with lower body weight was seen if starting AZT substitution within less than one year of D4T-based ART. Conclusion Our findings argue against the need of weight-based dosing of AZT to reduce anemia among patients using AZT as substitution for D4T. Whether this also applies to ART-naïve individuals remains to be assessed. Future studies with AZT dose reduction should assess efficacy and overall tolerance of AZT.
Wild Solanum Resistance to Aphids: Antixenosis or Antibiosis?

Abstract The type (antixenosis or antibiosis) of resistance against the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) was characterized for the wild tuber-bearing potatoes, Solanum chomatophilum Bitter and Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. & Bouché through behavioral (olfactometry and electrical penetration graph) and physiological studies. In dual-choice assays, only S. stoloniferum exerted attraction to M. euphorbiae. This ruled out the possibility that plant volatiles of S. chomatophilum and S. stoloniferum may contribute to the high resistance expressed. In electrical penetration graph experiments, aphids feeding on S. stoloniferum showed increased salivation phases, whereas phloem ingestion was drastically reduced for both aphid species. Because reaching phloem elements was not delayed in both species, the resistance mechanism was phloem-located. The antixenosis exhibited by S. stoloniferum was similar on young and mature leaves. S. chomatophilum also showed phloem-located antixenosis against M. persicae. In contrast, M. euphorbiae had no difficulty to reach S. chomatophilum phloem tissues and to ingest sap. S. chomatophilum resistance against M. euphorbiae was antibiosis and only expressed in mature leaves, where a complete nymphal mortality was observed.
Adapting neighborhood and matrix factorization models for context aware recommendation

In this paper, we describe our solutions to the weekly recommendation track and social network track of the CAMRA 2010 challenge. The key challenge in the weekly recommendation track is designing models that can cope with time dependent user or item characteristics. Toward this goal, we compared two general approaches, one is a data weighting approach, the other is a time-aware modeling approach. Both approaches can be implemented by extending either the well known neighborhood model or the matrix factorization. For the social network track, we developed and compared two extensions of the matrix factorization models for incorporating the social network structure, namely collective matrix factorization(CMF) and network regularized matrix factorization(NRMF). Experimental results shows that the use of temporal information can lead to significant improvement on the weekly recommendation track whereas for the social network track, the NRMF could lead to minor improvement by combining the social network with the rating data.
Of molecules, macaques and global AIDS.

HIV-1, which causes infection and disease exclusively in humans, is one of a growing number of viral pathogens where pathogenesis is being elucidated by quantification of viral nucleic acids, sequence analysis, and animal models with related and engineered, chimeric viruses. SIV is closely related to HIV-2 and provides a model primate retroviral infection with many parallels to that of HIV-1 in humans. Recent work with SIV is elucidating the course of early acute infection, including progression of genital track infection owing to local cytokine expression and cellular activation [1], tissue tropism [2], the early mucosal immune response [3], and the response to antiretroviral therapy [4]. By creating hybrids between HIV and SIV [5], the study presented by Centlivre et al. [6] has both elucidated pathogenic mechanisms in acute infection and provided a direct link between a regulatory gene in HIV-1 and the epidemiology of the global pandemic.
Excitonic Crystal and Nanotechnology

Since the time of original preparation of gallium phosphide crystals doped by nitrogen (GaP:N) by the author in the 1960s, followed by the introduction of the excitonic crystal concept in the 1970s, the best methods of bulk, film and nanoparticle crystal growth were elaborated. The results of semi centennial evolution of GaP:N properties are compiled here and in the references to this paper. Novel and useful properties of perfect GaP including an expected similarity in behavior between nanoparticles and perfect bulk crystals as well as their very bright and broadband luminescence at room temperature were observed. These results provide a new approach to selection and preparation of perfect materials for optoelectronics and a unique opportunity to realize a new form of solid-state host - the excitonic crystal. The excitonic crystal (filled by non-equilibrium electron-hole pairs N super lattice with the identity period equal to 10 nm - the Bohr dimension of bound exciton) as high intensity light source with expected low threshold for generation of non-linear optical effects, as well as GaP nanoparticles and bulk top quality crystals will be used in the new generation of optoelectronic devices of solid-state host - the excitonic crystal.
Community policing in Northern Ireland: a resistance narrative

Policing in stable democratic societies is predominantly concerned with the implementation and practice of the globally accepted philosophy of community policing. However, the subtle complexities of Northern Ireland's transitional landscape present acute problems for the community policing concept, both as a vehicle for police reform and as a tool for increasing the co-production of security through improved community interaction with the police. This article will examine the current position of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and their Policing with the Community policy. Providing an overview of contextual and contemporary developments, it will assess the efficacy with which the PSNI have realised community policing, as espoused in Patten Recommendation 44. It concludes by determining the role and extent of community engagement with policing in Northern Ireland and the resistances and contestations to the implementation of the community policing in a post-conflict society.
Linkages between Family and Societal-Level Intergenerational Attitudes

Issues concerning links between intergenerational expectations at family and societal levels are investigated with survey data from 1,200 respondents aged 40 and over. Both family- and societal-level expectations reflect “generational altruism. ” Personal family characteristics and circumstances have little relations to general expectations about parents and children, but family solidarity is related to family expectations, primarily with regard to children. Attitudes about societal-level intercohort relations have little association with personal family circumstances or solidarity. However, expectations about children are related to societal expectations, suggesting that solidarity (and altruism) at the micro level of family ties has some relations to solidarity (and altruism) at the macro level of intercohort relations.
Arts Integration in an Era of Accountability

uring the past twenty years, the accountability movement and its attendant testing have raised fears in the arts education community that schools will feel pressure to divert instructional time and resources toward tested areas of the curriculum, such as reading and math (Eisner 2000). Recently, there have been similar concerns voiced within the general public that the arts and other untested areas would be undermined (Rose and Gallup 2004), and testing policy experts have theorized that untested areas, such as the arts, will be reduced under high-stakes testing (Koretz and Hamilton 2003; Linn 2000; Madaus 1988; McNeil and Valenzuela 2001). Some have even argued that the mere perception of high stakes can have negative impacts on instruction (Darling-Hammond 1991; Frederiksen and Collins 1989; Koretz and Hamilton 2003; Madaus 1988; Madaus and Clarke 2001). For example, eighth-grade teachers in Massachusetts, whose students did not face high stakes, were as likely to feel pressure to raise scores as tenth-grade teachers, whose students were subject to the state’s highstakes MCAS exams (Koretz and Hamilton 2003). Although since the publication of A Nation at Risk (National Council on Excellence in Education 1983) politicians have highlighted the need to improve instruction and performance in traditional academic subjects, relatively little thought has been given by policymakers to the impact of this testing on untested areas, such as the arts. Arts policy thinkers have often cited the harm in reduced quantity and quality of arts education, however. For example, Boughton (2004) has argued that what might be lost in such a redirection of time and resources are the core values of the arts, “the freedom for students to pursue independent learning pathways and the autonomy of their expression” (585). This independence and autonomy can only be developed with a substantial investment of time and resources by schools.
Suffering from the possibility of status loss: Physiological responses to social identity threat in high status groups.

In this research, we examine the emergence of social identity threat among members of high status groups, by assessing physiological responses to threat in addition to more traditional (self-report) measures. We argue that physiological measures are better suited than explicit responses to indicate the emergence of social identity threat when high status groups face the possibility of future group status loss. In Experiment 1, members of an experimentally created high status group displayed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) when inter-group status differences were unstable than when they were stable, even though participants in both conditions reported identical levels of collective self-esteem. In Experiment 2, only male participants (i.e., high status group members) displayed increased SBP and PP when discussing changing gender–status relations in society, particularly when this happened in an inter-group context (i.e., when discussing with females). The increased threat that emerged under these conditions could not be inferred from self-reported inter-group perceptions (endorsement of sexism). We conclude that whereas self-report measures can help assess how high status group members perceive the current inter-group situation, physiological measures are needed to reveal the social identity threat they experience when they anticipate the possibility for future change in inter-group relations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhetoric and the recovery of civil society

By privileging the search for an overall order, both in its theorizing and in its aim, modern social theory has paid insufficient attention to the ‘zones’ of activity in between established institutions-called here the realm of civil society. This is an important neglect. For although the activity in such zones appears essentially disorderly, it permits many local and momentary orderings. Indeed, if one can speak of the ‘common sense’ of a social group at all, then it consists not only: 1) in the argumentative contesting of a whole range of not-as-yet wholly formulated visions of future ways of ‘going on’, but also in: 2) the provision of the historically developed socio-ontological resources required for their realization. Civil society thus contains the ‘seeds’ of future possibilities. Taking activity in this realm seriously means that our current task in social studies, is not the scientific one of discoveringan already existing order, but that of enabling the reinstitution of what, traditionally, was .
Relationship of Perfectionism to Affect, Expectations, Attributions and Performance in the Classroom

Perfectionism has been defined as a dispositional tendency to set excessively high performance standards and to then evaluate one's performance in an overly critical manner (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990). Using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale developed by these authors, the current investigation examined the relationship of two dimensions of perfectionism, high personal standards (PS) and maladaptive concern over mistakes (CM), to patterns of behavior, cognition, and affect in an ecologically valid evaluative context—a semester-long college course. For the 90 women attending this psychology course, PS was associated with more frequent study behavior, evaluation of the course as more important, higher standards and expectations for academic performance, and better grades across the semester. Like PS, CM was associated with more frequent study behavior, but it was also related to perceptions of greater course difficulty, higher anxiety, and more negative mood prior to examinations. CM .
Comprehensive Corticospinal Labeling with mu-crystallin Transgene Reveals Axon Regeneration after Spinal Cord Trauma in ngr1−/− Mice

Spinal cord injury interrupts descending motor tracts and creates persistent functional deficits due to the absence of spontaneous axon regeneration. Of descending pathways, the corticospinal tract (CST) is thought to be the most critical for voluntary function in primates. Even with multiple tracer injections and genetic tools, the CST is visualized to only a minor degree in experimental studies. Here, we identify and validate the mu-crystallin (crym) gene as a high-fidelity marker of the CST. In transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under crym regulatory elements (crym-GFP), comprehensive and near complete CST labeling is achieved throughout the spinal cord. Bilateral pyramidotomy eliminated the 17,000 GFP-positive CST axons that were reproducibly labeled in brainstem from the spinal cord. We show that CST tracing with crym-GFP is 10-fold more efficient than tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Using crym-GFP, we reevaluated the CST in mice lacking nogo receptor 1 (NgR1), a protein implicated in limiting neural repair. The number and trajectory of CST axons in ngr1−/− mice without injury was indistinguishable from ngr1+/+ mice. After dorsal hemisection in the midthoracic cord, CST axons did not significantly regenerate in ngr1+/+ mice, but an average of 162 of the 6000 labeled thoracic CST axons (2.68%) regenerated >100 μm past the lesion site in crym-GFP ngr1−/− mice. Although traditional BDA tracing cannot reliably visualize regenerating ngr1−/− CST axons, their regenerative course is clear with crym-GFP. Therefore the crym-GFP transgenic mouse is a useful tool for studies of CST anatomy in experimental studies of motor pathways. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Axon regeneration fails in the adult CNS, resulting in permanent functional deficits. Traditionally, inefficient extrinsic tracers such a biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) are used to label regenerating fibers after therapeutic intervention. We introduce crym-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice as a comprehensive and specific tool with which to study the primary descending motor tract, the corticospinal tract (CST). CST labeling with crym-GFP is 10 times more efficient compared with BDA. The enhanced sensitivity afforded by crym-GFP revealed significant CST regeneration in NgR1 knock-out mice. Therefore, crym-GFP can be used as a standardized tool for future CST spinal cord injury studies.
Effect of Dietary Linseed Oil Soap on Lamb Meat

Theexperiment was carried out with 2x5 male Merino lambs raised under intensive conditions to investig ate the effect of dietary calcium soap of linseed oil on the color an d fatty acid composition of longissimusdorsi muscle. Control lambs fed a basal diet and the experimental lambs consumed a diet sup plemented with 3% calcium soap of linseed oil. The color values (L *, a*, b* a*/b* and chroma) were not influenced by dietary treatmen . The MUFA proportion reduced, SFA and PUFA content did not al ter. As expected, the linolenic (C18:3 n3) and thusthe n-3 content significantly improved by linseed supplement (0.47 and 0.81; 0.78 and 1.16 in control and in experimental samples, re spectively). Other n-3 and n-6 fatty acids had similar valuestocontrol samples. The n6/n-3 ratio was significantly narrower in the exper imental group (6.31 vs. 9.38) but the P/S ratio did not differ betweent h wo groups.In conclusion calcium soap of linseed oil seems to be a suitable supplement form of n-3 fatty acids to improve the n utritive value of lamb meat. Keywords—calcium soap, fatty acid, lamb meat, linseed
Ethnogeography: towards liberatory geography education

In the context of education in England, an argument is put forward that Geography, as it is conceptualised in the National Curriculum, does not connect to either primary school pupils or their teachers. Reasons for this are explored and a proposal is made for a new paradigm for primary geography: ethnogeography. This proposal parallels work on ethnomathematics, which provides a political agenda to the study of maths and itself draws from Paulo Freire's politicization and consciousness raising through adult literacy. This pattern is applied to learning in geographical education. Drawing on the findings of a recent research project, a case is argued for ethnogeography and the implications for primary Initial Teacher Education courses, learners and the curriculum in primary schools and are considered.
Trust-Based Service Management for Social Internet of Things Systems

A social internet of things (IoT) system can be viewed as a mix of traditional peer-to-peer networks and social networks, where “things” autonomously establish social relationships according to the owners' social networks, and seek trusted “things” that can provide services needed when they come into contact with each other opportunistically. We propose and analyze the design notion of adaptive trust management for social IoT systems in which social relationships evolve dynamically among the owners of IoT devices. We reveal the design tradeoff between trust convergence versus trust fluctuation in our adaptive trust management protocol design. With our adaptive trust management protocol, a social IoT application can adaptively choose the best trust parameter settings in response to changing IoT social conditions such that not only trust assessment is accurate but also the application performance is maximized. We propose a table-lookup method to apply the analysis results dynamically and demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed adaptive trust management scheme with two real-world social IoT service composition applications.