Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The global stability of the Minkowski space-time in harmonic gauge

We give a new proof of the global stability of Minkowski space originally established in the vacuum case by Christodoulou and Klainerman. The new approach shows that the Einstein-vacuum and the Einstein-scalar field equations with general asymptotically flat initial data satisfying a global smallness condition produce global (causally geodesically complete) solutions asymptotically convergent to the Minkowski space-time. The proof utilizes the classical harmonic (also known as de Donder or wave coordinate) gauge.
Denervation as a Common Mechanism Underlying Different Pulmonary Vein Isolation Strategies for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Evidenced by Heart Rate Variability after Ablation

Backgrounds. Segmental and circumferential pulmonary vein isolations (SPVI and CPVI) have been demonstrated to be effective therapies for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). PVI is well established as the endpoint of different ablation techniques, whereas it may not completely account for the long-term success. Methods. 181 drug-refractory symptomatic PAF patients were referred for segmental or circumferential PVI (SPVI = 67; CPVI = 114). Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed before and after the final ablation. Results. After following up for 62.23 ± 12.75 months, patients underwent 1.41 ± 0.68 procedures in average, and the success rates in SPVI and CPVI groups were comparable. 119 patients were free from AF recurrence (SPVI-S, n = 43; CPVI-S, n = 76). 56 patients had recurrent episodes (SPVI-R, n = 21; CPVI-R, n = 35). Either ablation technique decreased HRV significantly. Postablation SDNN and rMSSD were significantly lower in SPVI-S and CPVI-S subgroups than in SPVI-R and CPVI-R subgroups (SPVI-S versus SPVI-R: SDNN 91.8 ± 32.6 versus 111.5 ± 36.2 ms, rMSSD 47.4 ± 32.3 versus 55.2 ± 35.2 ms; CPVI-S versus CPVI-R: SDNN 83.0 ± 35.6 versus 101.0 ± 40.7 ms, rMSSD 41.1 ± 22.9 versus 59.2 ± 44.8 ms; all P < 0.05). Attenuation of SDNN and rMSSD remained for 12 months in SPVI-S and CPVI-S subgroups, whereas it recovered earlier in SPVI-R and CPVI-R subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SDNN as the only predictor of long-term success. Conclusions. Beyond PVI, denervation may be a common mechanism underlying different ablation strategies for PAF.
A Quarter-Rate 27-1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator Using Interleaved Architecture

This paper presents a quarter-rate pseudo-random binary sequence generator (PRBSG) using interleaved half-rate architecture followed by a multiplexer. Existing interleaved architecture can only generate a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) at double the clock rate. In this work, a 2:1 multiplexer is used for further doubling the sequence rate. In general, both inputs of the multiplexer have the same maximum length sequence (MLS) and both of them are half of the MLS apart for doubling the data-rate. In the proposed architecture, the first input of the multiplexer is taken from interleaved PRBSG core and a circuit is incorporated into the PRBSG core for generating the other input of the multiplexer. Delay calculation method, for achieving this second input, is also explained in detail. The proposed architecture reduces area and power significantly as compared to the existing quarter-rate PRBSG architectures. For verifying the concept, a 2 7-1 quarter-rate PRBSG is designed with standard 65 nm CMOS technology. Post layout simulations confirm operation of the circuit at a data-rate of 14 Gbps with peak to peak jitter of 2 ps, while consuming 22 mW off a 1 V supply. Area (and power) of the PRBSG can be reduced by 26%, 8.5% and 38%, as compared to quarter-rate series, series-parallel and full-rate implementations, respectively.
Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Based on Transcriptome Sequence Data

Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is one of the most precise and widely used methods of gene expression analysis. A necessary prerequisite of exact and reliable data is the accurate choice of reference genes. We studied the expression stability of potential reference genes in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) in order to find the optimal reference for gene expression analysis in this economically important crop. Recently sequenced buckwheat floral transcriptome was used as source of sequence information. Expression stability of eight candidate reference genes was assessed in different plant structures (leaves and inflorescences at two stages of development and fruits). These genes are the orthologs of Arabidopsis genes identified as stable in a genome-wide survey gene of expression stability and a traditionally used housekeeping gene GAPDH. Three software applications – geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper - were used to estimate expression stability and provided congruent results. The orthologs of AT4G33380 (expressed protein of unknown function, Expressed1), AT2G28390 (SAND family protein, SAND) and AT5G46630 (clathrin adapter complex subunit family protein, CACS) are revealed as the most stable. We recommend using the combination of Expressed1, SAND and CACS for the normalization of gene expression data in studies on buckwheat using qRT-PCR. These genes are listed among five the most stably expressed in Arabidopsis that emphasizes utility of the studies on model plants as a framework for other species.
High Performance Complementary Circuits Based on p-SnO and n-IGZO Thin-Film Transistors

Oxide semiconductors are regarded as promising materials for large-area and/or flexible electronics. In this work, a ring oscillator based on n-type indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) and p-type tin monoxide (SnO) is presented. The IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) shows a linear mobility of 11.9 cm2/(V∙s) and a threshold voltage of 12.2 V. The SnO TFT exhibits a mobility of 0.51 cm2/(V∙s) and a threshold voltage of 20.1 V which is suitable for use with IGZO TFTs to form complementary circuits. At a supply voltage of 40 V, the complementary inverter shows a full output voltage swing and a gain of 24 with both TFTs having the same channel length/channel width ratio. The three-stage ring oscillator based on IGZO and SnO is able to operate at 2.63 kHz and the peak-to-peak oscillation amplitude reaches 36.1 V at a supply voltage of 40 V. The oxide-based complementary circuits, after further optimization of the operation voltage, may have wide applications in practical large-area flexible electronics.
Biomarkers in sepsis at time zero: intensive care unit scores, plasma measurements and polymorphisms in Argentina.

INTRODUCTION A patient's response to sepsis is influenced by their genetic background. Our objective was to use plasma markers, such as protein C (PC), D-dimer, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, and the PAI-1 rs1799889 4G/5G and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α rs1800629 G/A polymorphisms to improve classical intensive care unit (ICU) scores. METHODOLOGY We studied 380 subjects, 166 with sepsis. We performed coagulation tests: plasma PAI-1 and PC levels were evaluated by chromogenic methods; and D-dimer was evaluated by immunoturbidimetric assay. Polymorphisms were performed using for polymerase chain reactions followed by digest with specific restriction enzyme. We acquired the APACHE and SOFA scores (time zero), sex, age, body mass index, associated co-morbidities, length of ICU stay (days), the severity of sepsis (sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock), the HIV status and the ICU outcome (survival or death). RESULTS We found significant differences between patients who died (n=80) and those who survived (n=86) in terms of the ICU length of stay (6 vs. 10 days), septic shock (64 versus 24%), age (51 versus 38 years old), HIV+ condition (34 versus 16%), SOFA (7 versus 4), APACHE (19 versus 13), D-dimer (4.32 versus 2.88 mg/ml), PC (46.0 versus 63.5 %) and PAI-1 (33.0 versus 16.5 UA/l). When we used a regression analysis with dichotomized variables, only the SOFA4, PAI-116, HIV status and the PAI-1 4G allele proved to be predictors of death at time zero. CONCLUSIONS In the future, ICU scores may be further improved by adding certain genomic or plasma data.
Coagulation Factor IX Concentrate : Method of Preparation and Assessment of Potential In Vivo Thrombogenicity in Animal Models

Thrombosis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are complications specifically associated with the use of factor IX complex in some patients. Assuming that these complications might result from zymogen overload. we have produced, using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) and sulfated dextran chromatography, a factor IX concentrate (coagulation factor IX) that is essentially free of prothrombin, factor VII, and factor X. Factor IX specific activity is at least 5 U/mg protein. a 250-fold purification compared to plasma. Amounts of factors II, VII, and X are less than 5 units each per 100 units of factor IX. The concentrate is essentially
Polynomial flow-cut gaps and hardness of directed cut problems

We study the multicut and the sparsest cut problems in directed graphs. In the multicut problem, we are a given an n-vertex graphG along with k source-sink pairs, and the goal is to find the minimum cardinality subset of edges whose removal separates all source-sink pairs. The sparsest cut problem has the same input, but the goal is to find a subset of edges to delete so as to minimize the ratio of deleted edges to the number of source-sink pairs that are separated by this deletion. The natural linear programming relaxation for multicut corresponds, by LP-duality, to the well-studied maximum (fractional) multicommodity flow problem, whilethe natural LP-relaxation for sparsest cut corresponds to maximum concurrent flow. Therefore, the integrality gap of the linear programming relaxation for multicut/sparsest cut is also the flow-cut gap: the maximum ratio, achievable for any graph,between the maximum flow value and the minimum cost solution for the corresponding cut problem. Starting with the celebrated max flow-mincut theorem of Ford and Fulkerson, flow-cut gaps have played acentral role in combinatorial optimization. For many NP-hard network optimization problems, the best known approximation guarantee corresponds to our understanding of the appropriate flow-cut gap. Our first result is that the flow-cut gap between maximum multicommodity flow and minimum multicut is ~Ω (n1/7) in directed graphs. We show a similar result for the gap between maximum concurrent flow and sparsest cutin directed graphs. These results improve upon a long-standing lowerbound of Ω(log n) for both types of flow-cut gaps. We notice that these polynomially large flow-cut gaps are in a sharp contrastto the undirected setting where both these flow-cut gaps are knownto be Θ(log n). Our second result is that both directed multicut and sparsest cut are hard to approximate to within a factor of 2Ω(log1-εn) for any constant ε>0,unless NP ⊆ ZPP. This improves upon the recent Ω(log n / log log n)-hardness result for these problems. We also showthat existence of PCP's for NP with perfect completeness, polynomially small soundness, and constant number of queries would imply a polynomial factor hardness of approximation for both these problems. All our results hold for directed acyclic graphs.
Glutamate Dysregulation in a TauP301L Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Glutamate Dysregulation in a TauP301L Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Holly C. Hunsberger Individuals at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often exhibit neuronal network hyperexcitability, particularly in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, in the years preceding AD diagnosis, suggesting that aberrant network activity might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the microtubule-binding protein tau has been implicated in this hyperexcitability. Removal of tau in AD models overexpressing amyloid-β (Aβ) or non-AD models of epilepsy decreases hyperexcitability and normalizes the excitation/inhibition imbalance. The exact mechanism by which tau produces hyperexcitability remains to be determined, but recent work suggests tau may mediate glutamatergic signaling. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission affect the overall activity of neuronal networks. Although beneficial at low levels, high concentrations of extracellular (EC) glutamate can lead to cell death through excessive activation of glutamate receptors, a process referred to as excitotoxicity and linked to several neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Here, we used a tau mouse model of AD (rTg(TauP301L)4510) to examine whether mutant P301L tau expression alters synaptic glutamate regulation in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. To examine glutamate regulation in vivo, we used an amperometry coupled to ceramic-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs), which allows for measurement of tonic glutamate levels, potassium-evoked glutamate release, and glutamate clearance from the synapse. P301L tau expression did not affect tonic extracellular glutamate levels or clearance from the synapse in any region examined. Similarly, amplitudes of potassium-evoked glutamate release were similar between controls and TauP301L mice in the DG and CA1. However, memory-impaired TauP301L mice exhibited a 7-fold increase in glutamate release in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and spatial reference memory errors correlated with potassium-evoked glutamate release in the CA3. These data suggest a possible novel mechanism, increased presynaptic glutamate release, by which tau may mediate hyperexcitability. GLUTAMATE DYSREGULATION IN A TAUP301L MOUSE MODEL i
THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS ODHIAMBO

The study investigate instruction on secondary school continuous students’ poor performance in mathematics in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations considered significant in helping problems. A sample of Butere/Mumias district, Kenya control groups. An experimental research design w test post-test equivalent groups design. taught trigonometry mathematical tables respectively calculators and mathematical tables respectively. The the use of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings in the study showed that use of scientific calculators positively influenced students’ performance in mathematics.
Cortical connectivity maps reveal anatomically distinct areas in the parietal cortex of the rat

A central feature of theories of spatial navigation involves the representation of spatial relationships between objects in complex environments. The parietal cortex has long been linked to the processing of spatial visual information and recent evidence from single unit recording in rodents suggests a role for this region in encoding egocentric and world-centered frames. The rat parietal cortex can be subdivided into four distinct rostral-caudal and medial-lateral regions, which includes a zone previously characterized as secondary visual cortex. At present, very little is known regarding the relative connectivity of these parietal subdivisions. Thus, we set out to map the connectivity of the entire anterior-posterior and medial-lateral span of this region. To do this we used anterograde and retrograde tracers in conjunction with open source neuronal segmentation and tracer detection tools to generate whole brain connectivity maps of parietal inputs and outputs. Our present results show that inputs to the parietal cortex varied significantly along the medial-lateral, but not the rostral-caudal axis. Specifically, retrosplenial connectivity is greater medially, but connectivity with visual cortex, though generally sparse, is more significant laterally. Finally, based on connection density, the connectivity between parietal cortex and hippocampus is indirect and likely achieved largely via dysgranular retrosplenial cortex. Thus, similar to primates, the parietal cortex of rats exhibits a difference in connectivity along the medial-lateral axis, which may represent functionally distinct areas.
Opposing Control by Transcription Factors MYB61 and MYB3 Increases Freezing Tolerance by Relieving C-Repeat Binding Factor Suppression1[OPEN]

Two MYB transcription factors regulate CBF4 in opposing manners, with implications for the understanding of cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in Medicago truncatula. Cold acclimation is an important process by which plants respond to low temperature and enhance their winter hardiness. C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1 (CBF1), CBF2, and CBF3 genes were shown previously to participate in cold acclimation in Medicago truncatula. In addition, MtCBF4 is transcriptionally induced by salt, drought, and cold stresses. We show here that MtCBF4, shown previously to enhance drought and salt tolerance, also positively regulates cold acclimation and freezing tolerance. To identify molecular factors acting upstream and downstream of the MtCBF4 transcription factor (TF) in cold responses, we first identified genes that are differentially regulated upon MtCBF4 overexpression using RNAseq Digital Gene Expression Profiling. Among these, we showed that MtCBF4 directly activates the transcription of the COLD ACCLIMATION SPECIFIC15 (MtCAS15) gene. To gain insights into how MtCBF4 is transcriptionally regulated in response to cold, an R2R3-MYB TF, MtMYB3, was identified based on a yeast one-hybrid screen as binding directly to MYB cis-elements in the MtCBF4 promoter, leading to the inhibition of MtCBF4 expression. In addition, another MYB TF, MtMYB61, identified as an interactor of MtMYB3, can relieve the inhibitory effect of MtMYB3 on MtCBF4 transcription. This study, therefore, supports a model describing how MtCBF4 is regulated by antagonistic MtMYB3/MtMYB61 TFs, leading to the up-regulation of downstream targets such as MtCAS15 acting in cold acclimation in M. truncatula.
Gender and infidelity: a study of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and extrarelational involvement

While a great deal of research has been completed on the relationship between biological sex and infidelity, no research currently exists that examines the relationship between masculine gender norms and infidelity. In this study, 202 men and 486 women were recruited from a Midwestern university, the surrounding community, and nationallyon line. Their Conformity to Masculine Norms (CMNI) scores were compared to threeinfidelity measures: a modified version of the Attitudes Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale(ATME), the Justification for Extramarital Infidelity Questionnaire (JEIQ) sexual justifications subscale, and the JEIQ emotional intimacy justifications subscale. Participants' CMNI total score was hypothesized to be correlated with ATME total scores, JEIQ sexual justification, and JEIQ emotional intimacy justification scores. Further, scores on four CMNI subscales ("risk taking", "dominance", "playboy", and "pursuit of status") were hypothesized to predict ATME total scores, as well as JEIQ sexual and emotional intimacy justification subscales scores for both men and women. Preliminary analysis identified significant variance between men's and women's responses to the ATME and JEIQ sexual intimacy subscales. Results were therefore presented for both men and women separately. Men's, but not women's, CMNI total scores were found to be correlated with their ATME total and JEIQ sexual scores. Both men's and women's scores on identified CMNI subscales scores were found to predict ATME, JEIQ sexual, and JEIQ emotional scores. For men, only "playboy" scores were related to the variance these scores. For women, "playboy" was associated with variance in ATME scores, both "risk-taking" and "playboy" were associated with variance in JEIQ sexual scores, and both "playboy" and "pursuit of status" were associated with variance inJEIQ emotional scores. From these results, utility of overall conformity to masculine in understanding men's attitudes about infidelity is established. Additionally, masculine nonrelational sexuality norms are found to be useful in understanding attitudes and approval of sex based infidelity.
A Three-Phase Modular Multilevel DC–DC Converter for Power Electronic Transformer Applications

A three-phase modular multilevel dc–dc converter is proposed and analyzed for power electronic transformer (PET) applications. Similar to a dual active bridge converter, the proposed converter comprises two three-phase inverters/rectifiers, coupled via a medium frequency (MF) transformer. The modular multilevel converter structure is used in the medium-voltage side to meet the high-voltage requirements and to reduce the $dv/dt$ stress on the MF transformer. The frequency of the voltage through MF transformer (isolation frequency) is the same as the switching frequency of the power semiconductor devices, and zero-voltage switching-ON can be achieved for all the devices. With only one three-phase MF transformer, the proposed topology can greatly simplify the transformer design compared with the existed input-series output-parallel dc–dc converter structures for PET applications. A dual-phase-shift method is presented to control the output power and to balance the submodule capacitor voltages. Simulations and experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.
Features detection and matching for visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM)

This paper presents the feature detection method for aerial image. The image captured from the navigation was used to select the best landmarks for localization and mapping in SLAM. A robust visual detection method has contributed to better landmark and data association selection. Therefore, different feature detection algorithms were compared to evaluate the best landmark detector and descriptor for the VSLAM. The performances of the feature detectors were evaluated using dataset provided by the Robotics Research Group at University of Oxford. The local images of matching effect on the detector and descriptor have proved the correctness of key point matching. The selected method has been validated and proven efficient for the VSLAM.
Explicit Binary Constant Weight Codes from Algebraic Geometric Codes

Binary constant weight codes have important applications and have been studied for many years. Optimal or near-optimal binary constant weight codes of small lengths have been determined. In this paper we propose a new construction of explicit binary constant weight codes from $q$-ary algebraic geometric codes. These binary constant weight codes have better parameters when compared with the previous constructions and the Gilbert type lower bound and the Graham-Sloane lower bound. Some of our binary constant weight codes are new or optimal. Asmptotically these new explicit binary constant weight codes improve the Graham-Sloane lower bound and Gilbert type lower bound in some range of parameters.