Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

I read with interest the obervations of Dr. Milby and his co-workers (Pediatrics 43:601, 1969) regarding seasonal variations in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The differences between the two hospitals in the yearly fluctuation of the bilirubin levels is intriguing and raises a question about possible etiology which might bear consideration. Several recent reports have emphasized the effect of light on the degradation of bilirubin. Is there a possibility tha the two hospital nurseries differed in the amount of light to which the infants were exposed?
Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles.

BACKGROUND Measles is the leading killer among vaccine-preventable diseases, responsible for an estimated 44% of the 1.7 million vaccine-preventable deaths among children annually. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of antibiotics given to children with measles to prevent complications and reduce pneumonia, other morbidities and mortality. SEARCH STRATEGY In this 2008 update we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 1) MEDLINE (1966 to January week 1, 2008), EMBASE (1980 to December 2007) and the National Research Register (Issue 3, 2007). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing antibiotics with placebo or no treatment to prevent complications in children with measles. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS Seven trials with 1385 children were included. Pooled study data showed that the incidence of pneumonia was lower in the treatment group compared to the control group. However, the difference was not statistically significant. In children who received antibiotics, 1.9% developed pneumonia, while in the control group 6% developed pneumonia (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.06 to 1.25). The one trial that showed an increase in the rate of pneumonia with antibiotics was conducted in 1942 and compared oral sulfathiazole with symptomatic treatment. If the results of this trial are removed from the meta-analysis, and the remaining six studies are combined, there is a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of pneumonia in children receiving antibiotics (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.65). The number needed to treat to prevent one episode of pneumonia is 24 patients. The incidence of other complications was significantly lower in children receiving antibiotics: purulent otitis media (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.73) and tonsillitis (OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.72). There was no difference in the incidence of conjunctivitis (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.15 to 1.0), diarrhea (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.22) or croup (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.01 to 4.06). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review suggests a beneficial effect of antibiotics in preventing complications such as pneumonia, purulent otitis media and tonsillitis in children with measles. On the basis of this review, it is not possible to give definitive guidelines on the type of antibiotic, duration, or the day of initiation. Use of penicillin or co-trimoxazole may be considered. There is a need to generate more evidence by well planned RCTs to answer these questions.
Optimally discriminative subnetwork markers predict response to chemotherapy

Motivation: Molecular profiles of tumour samples have been widely and successfully used for classification problems. A number of algorithms have been proposed to predict classes of tumor samples based on expression profiles with relatively high performance. However, prediction of response to cancer treatment has proved to be more challenging and novel approaches with improved generalizability are still highly needed. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the advantages of integrating protein–protein interaction (PPI) data with gene expression profiles for the development of subnetwork markers in classification problems. Results: We describe a novel network-based classification algorithm (OptDis) using color coding technique to identify optimally discriminative subnetwork markers. Focusing on PPI networks, we apply our algorithm to drug response studies: we evaluate our algorithm using published cohorts of breast cancer patients treated with combination chemotherapy. We show that our OptDis method improves over previously published subnetwork methods and provides better and more stable performance compared with other subnetwork and single gene methods. We also show that our subnetwork method produces predictive markers that are more reproducible across independent cohorts and offer valuable insight into biological processes underlying response to therapy. Availability: The implementation is available at: http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~pdao/personal/OptDis.html Contact: cenk@cs.sfu.ca; alapuk@prostatecentre.com; ccollins@prostatecentre.com
In vivo assessment of the developing brain using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

2 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY . 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 6 LIST OF FIGURES . 10 LIST OF TABLES . 25 ABBREVIATIONS . 26 PUBLICATIONS . 28 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS . 28 CHAPTER
Evidence for Using Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Reducing Lipoprotein and Inflammatory Related Atherosclerotic Risk

ABSTRACT Alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) is a potent biological antioxidant that is found naturally in the human body at very low concentrations, primarily in the mitochondria. However, synthetic α-LA is commercially available as a nutritional supplement and has been shown to be effective at ameliorating symptoms in diseases with an underlying oxidative stress component. High blood cholesterol is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor and is responsive to diet and lifestyle modifications. In addition to high blood cholesterol, there is increasing evidence that supports the independent role of oxidized lipids and lipoproteins, chiefly oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL), in the development of CVD. Lowering total blood cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) and raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels is the most desirable metabolic state for maximum protection against CVD, but can be difficult to achieve through diet and exercise alone. With emerging evidence of reduced LDL-C and TG, increased HDL-C, and blunting of oxidative susceptibility of lipoproteins by α-LA, its use alone or in combination with other dietary supplements may be an effective strategy to modulate multiple metabolic targets of oxidative stress and cholesterol metabolism to reduce CVD risk. This review examines the current evidence for the use of α-LA in CVD risk reduction and identifies the remaining gaps that must be addressed in this area of research.
A SNP test to identify Africanized honeybees via proportion of ‘African’ ancestry

The honeybee, Apis mellifera, is the world's most important pollinator and is ubiquitous in most agricultural ecosystems. Four major evolutionary lineages and at least 24 subspecies are recognized. Commercial populations are mainly derived from subspecies originating in Europe (75–95%). The Africanized honeybee is a New World hybrid of A. m. scutellata from Africa and European subspecies, with the African component making up 50–90% of the genome. Africanized honeybees are considered undesirable for bee‐keeping in most countries, due to their extreme defensiveness and poor honey production. The international trade in honeybees is restricted, due in part to bans on the importation of queens (and semen) from countries where Africanized honeybees are extant. Some desirable strains from the United States of America that have been bred for traits such as resistance to the mite Varroa destructor are unfortunately excluded from export to countries such as Australia due to the presence of Africanized honeybees in the USA. This study shows that a panel of 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms, chosen to differentiate between the African, Eastern European and Western European lineages, can detect Africanized honeybees with a high degree of confidence via ancestry assignment. Our panel therefore offers a valuable tool to mitigate the risks of spreading Africanized honeybees across the globe and may enable the resumption of queen and bee semen imports from the Americas.
Eccrine Squamous Metaplasia and Periadnexal Granulomas: New Cutaneous Histopathologic Findings in Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome

Abstract: Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features and neurologic, cardiac, ophthalmologic, and dermatologic findings. Previously reported skin and hair findings in cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome include sparse, slow‐growing curly hair, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis, follicular hyperkeratosis, and keratosis pilaris. We report the case of a 4‐year‐old boy who has cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome with previously unreported histopathologic findings of eccrine squamous metaplasia and periadnexal granuloma.
Social-Media Users can be profiled by their Similarity with other Users

In this paper we describe the system we designed for participating at CLEF-PAN 2017. In this work, we addressed the Author Profiling (AP) task by exploiting the corpus as a knowledge base. The core idea is that profiles can be identified by exposing its relationship with other users. This strategy produces enriched representations, where fine grained user-document relationships are highlighted. For this, we use a non-sparse user-document representation, which captures distributional information of word-usage among user-documents. We compare the proposed approach with the Second Order Attributes, which have been a key component in the winning approaches of the previous PAN-AP editions. We also report experimental results with the traditional Bag-of-Terms and AvgWord2Vec representations. The experimental evaluation on the PAN17 corpora shows that the proposal outperforms all other methodologies, showing strong evidence of the usefulness of the representation to determine language variety and gender profiles. Furthermore, this representation can be seen as a natural extension to Second Order Attributes, which could be combined in future works in order to expose finer details about user relationships.
Shadows across μ‐Star? Constitutively active μ‐opioid receptors revisited

Constitutively active μ‐opioid receptors (μ* receptors) are reported to be formed following prolonged agonist treatment of cells or whole animals. μ* receptors signal in the absence of activating ligand and a blockade of μ* activation of G‐proteins by naloxone and naltrexone has been suggested to underlie the profound withdrawal syndrome precipitated by these antagonists in vivo. In this issue of the Journal, Divin et al. examined whether treatment of C6 glioma cells with μ‐opioid receptor agonists produced constitutively active μ‐opioid receptors or other commonly reported adaptations to prolonged agonist treatment. Adenylyl cyclase superactivation was readily apparent following agonist treatment but there was no evidence of the formation of constitutively active μ‐opioid receptors. This result challenges the notion that prolonged agonist exposure inevitably produces μ* receptors, and is consistent with many studies of adaptations in neurons produced by chronic agonist treatment. The investigators provide no explanation of their failure to see μ* receptors in C6 cells, but this is perhaps understandable because the molecular nature of μ* receptors remains elusive, and the precise mechanisms that lead to their formation are unknown. Without knowing exactly what μ* receptors are, how they are formed and how they signal, understanding their role in cellular adaptations to prolonged opioid treatment will remain impossible. Studies such as this should refocus attention on establishing the molecular mechanisms that underlie that phenomenon of μ* receptors.
Primary Glioblastomas Express Mesenchymal Stem-Like Properties

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Recent isolation and characterization of brain tumor-initiating cells supports the concept that transformed neural stem cells may seed glioblastoma. We previously identified a wide array of mesenchymal tissue transcripts overexpressed in a broad set of primary glioblastoma (de novo) tumors but not in secondary glioblastoma (derived from lower-grade) tumors, low-grade astrocytomas, or normal brain tissues. Here, we extend this observation and show that a subset of primary glioblastoma tumors and their derived tumor lines express cellular and molecular markers that are associated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and that glioblastoma cell cultures can be induced to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineage-like cell types. These findings suggest either that a subset of primary glioblastomas derive from transformed stem cells containing MSC-like properties and retain partial phenotypic aspects of a MSC nature in tumors or that glioblastomas activate a series of genes that result in mesenchymal properties of the cancer cells to effect sustained tumor growth and malignant progression. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(9):607–19)
Decolorization of Dyeing Wastewater Using Polymeric Absorbents - An Overview

The exact amount of dyes produced in the world is not known. Exact data on the quantity of dyes discharged in the environment are also not available. It is assumed that a loss of 1-2% in production and 1-10% loss in use (after being garment) are a fair estimate [1]. For reactive dyes, this figure can be about 10-20% due to low fixation. Due to large-scale production and extensive application, synthetic dyes can cause considerable environmental pollution and are serious health-risk factors. Although, the growing impact of environmental protection on industrial development promotes the development of eco-friendly technologies, reduced consumption of freshwater and lower output of wastewater [1], the release of important amounts of synthetic dyes to the environment causes public concern, legislation problems and is a serious challenge to environmental scientists.
Toward scalable ion traps for quantum information processing

In this paper, we report the design, fabrication and preliminary testing of a 150 zone ion trap array built in a ‘surface-electrode’ geometry microfabricated on a single substrate. We demonstrate the transport of atomic ions between the legs of a ‘Y’-type junction and measure the in-situ heating rates for the ions. The trap design demonstrates the use of a basic component design library that can be quickly assembled to form structures optimized for a particular experiment.
Reducing overestimated intentions and expectations for physical activity: The effect of a corrective entreaty

We assessed whether intentions and expectations formed in a hypothetical physical activity situation are different from those formed in a real situation; and whether the intentions and expectations of participants who are hypothetically given a free pass to attend a fitness class to better match their behaviour if they are administered a corrective entreaty (CE), than if they are not. In two separate studies, undergraduate university students were randomised into three groups: (a) Hypothetical (H); (b) Hypothetical with CE (HE) and (c) Real (R), and were asked to rate their intention and expectation to use a fitness pass. As hypothesised, significantly more participants expected that they would use the free fitness pass in the H group compared to the R group in both studies. Significantly fewer participants in the HE condition expected to use their free pass compared to the H group in Study 2. Also, significantly more corresponding expectation–behaviour relationships were found in the HE and R groups compared to the H group in both studies. Administering a CE influenced expectations formed in a hypothetical situation making them more similar to expectations formed in a real situation, and increased the specificity of tests of correspondence between expectation and behaviour.
The Mediating Role of Feedback Acceptance in the Relationship between Feedback and Attitudinal and Performance Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of applicant perceptions of feedback by drawing upon feedback process models. In Study 1, participants (N=125) completed a personality questionnaire as a first stage of a selection simulation. Results showed that the effect of feedback on attitudes toward the organization was mediated by feedback acceptance. In Study 2, participants (N=252) completed two parallel versions of an in-basket exercise and received informative feedback between the two versions. Results showed that the effect of feedback on subsequent test performance was partially mediated by feedback acceptance. Together, these results highlight the important role of feedback acceptance in selection and suggest new strategies to enhance applicant perceptions in selection.
Splitting a Logic Program

In many cases a logic program can be divided into two parts so that one of them the bottom part does not refer to the predicates de ned in the top part The bottom rules can be used then for the evaluation of the predicates that they de ne and the computed values can be used to sim plify the top de nitions We discuss this idea of splitting a program in the context of the answer set semantics The main theorem shows how com puting the answer sets for a program can be simpli ed when the program is split into parts The programs covered by the theorem may use both nega tion as failure and classical negation and their rules may have disjunctive heads The usefulness of the concept of splitting for the investigation of answer sets is illustrated by several applications First we show that a con servative extension theorem by Gelfond and Przymusinska and a theorem on the closed world assumption by Gelfond and Lifschitz are easy consequences of the splitting theorem Second locally strati ed programs are shown to have a simple characterization in terms of splitting The existence and uniqueness of an answer set for such a program can be easily derived from this characterization Third we relate the idea of splitting to the notion of order consistency
Compressive and flexural strength of concrete containing palm oil biomass clinker and polypropylene fibres

This paper presents the effects of using palm oil biomass (POB) clinker with polypropylene (PP) fibres in concrete on its compressive and flexural strength performances. Due to infrastructural development works, the use of concrete in the construction industry has been increased. Simultaneously, it raises the demand natural sand, which causes depletion of natural resources. While considering the environmental and economic benefits, the utilization of industrial waste by-products in concrete will be the alternative solution of the problem. Among the waste products, one of such waste by-product is the palm oil biomass clinker, which is a waste product from burning processes of palm oil fibres. Therefore, it is important to utilize palm oil biomass clinker as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete. Considering the facts, an experimental study was conducted to find out the potential usage of palm oil fibres in concrete. In this study, total 48 number of specimens were cast to evaluate the compressive and flexural strength performances. Polypropylene fibre was added in concrete at the rate of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%, and sand was replaced at a constant rate of 10% with palm oil biomass clinker. The flexural strength of concrete was noticed in the range of 2.25 MPa and 2.29 MPa, whereas, the higher value of flexural strength was recorded with 0.4% polypropylene fibre addition. Hence, these results show that the strength performances of concrete containing POB clinker could be improved with the addition of polypropylene fibre.
Development and mechanical characterization of microwave-cured thermoplastic based natural fibre reinforced composites

In the present work, polypropylene (PP)- and polyethylene (PE)-based composites were cured using microwave energy with 15% weight percentage of jute and kenaf fibres. The detailed mechanism of microwave curing of the composites has been discussed with suitable illustrations. The mechanical characterization of the microwave-cured composites was carried out using various tests. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographs were used to study the mechanisms of failure. The ultimate tensile strength of various microwave-cured composites was in the range of 44–50 MPa. The interlaminar shear strength of the PP-based composites was 62% higher than the PE-based composites. The impact energy of the microwave-cured composites was in the range of 18–24 kJ. The mechanical performance of the microwave-cured composites was comparable to the composites obtained through traditional manufacturing routes.
Relation of placental diagnosis in stillbirth to fetal maceration and gestational age at delivery

Abstract Aim: To study the relation of retention of dead fetus resulting in its maceration and gestational age at delivery to placental diagnosis. Methods: Some 75 clinicoplacental phenotypes have been retrospectively analyzed in 520 consecutive stillbirths, 329 macerated and 191 nonmacerated, and at three gestational age interval cohorts (330 second trimester, 102 preterm third trimester, and 88 term). Chi-square and clustering methods (Ward dendrograms and multidimensional scaling) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Maternal diabetes mellitus, induction of labor, fetal growth restriction, various umbilical cord abnormalities, and placental clusters of sclerotic/hemosiderotic chorionic villi were more common in macerated stillbirths, while clinicoplacental signs and symptoms of ascending infection and placental abruption, i.e., retroplacental hematoma, premature rupture of membranes, and acute chorioamnionitis in nonmacerated stillbirths. Placental abnormalities were less common in the second trimester, other than the acute chorioamnionitis. Patterns of chronic hypoxic placental injury were common in preterm third trimester, while signs of in-utero hypoxia (abnormal cardiotocography, meconium, and histological erythroblastosis of fetal blood) in term pregnancy. In addition to classical statistics, the clustering analyses added new information to placental investigation of cause of stillbirth. Conclusions: Macerated third trimester stillbirths have multifactorial etiology more likely than the second trimester stillbirths and the likely stasis-induced fetal thrombotic vasculopathy secondary to occult umbilical cord compromise should be sought in placental investigation in such cases. Nonmacerated stillbirths are associated with ascending infection and placental abruption.
Stochastic Characteristics of Qubits and Qubit chains on the D-Wave 2X

This document presents a studies of the stochastic behavior of D-Wave qubits, qubit cells, and qubit chains. The purpose of this paper is to address the algorithmic behavior of execution rather than the physical behavior, though they are related. The measurements from an actual D-Wave adiabatic quantum computer are compare with calculated measurements from a theoretical adiabatic quantum computer running with an effective temperature of zero. In this way the paper attempts to shed light on how the D-Wave's behavior effects how well it minimizes its objective function and why the D-Wave performs as it does.