Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Honduran and United States Consumers’ Sensory Perceptions of Honduran and U.S. Beef Loin Steaks

The objective of this study was to compare the eating quality characteristics of beef from the United States and Honduras and to assess the willingness of Honduran and U.S. consumers to pay for these products. All U.S. sourced strip loins from grain-finished cattle, aged 21 d, were selected to equally represent USDA Select (SEL; n = 6) and upper 2/3 (Top) Choice (TC; n = 6) quality grades. Additionally, strip loins (n = 6) from Honduran grass-finished (HGRASS) cattle and grain-finished (HGRAIN) cattle (n = 6) were collected from a commercial abattoir in Siguatepeque, Honduras and aged 21 d. Samples were evaluated on 8-point hedonic scales for flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall liking by 240 consumers in each country. Consumers indicated if each trait was acceptable, and willingness to pay for each sample was rated in U.S. dollars (or the Honduran Lempiras equivalent): $0, 3, 6, and 10 per 0.45 kg. Chemical composition and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were also determined. The TC had greater (P < 0.05) fat percentage than SEL and HGRASS, but did not differ (P > 0.05) from HGRAIN. The HGRAIN had greater WBSF values than TC and SEL, which did not differ (P > 0.05); however, HGRASS was similar (P > 0.05) to all other treatments. The TC had greater tenderness and flavor liking scores (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, followed by SEL, HGRASS, and HGRAIN, with a significant difference between each treatment. Honduran consumers assigned greater ratings for tenderness and flavor liking when compared to U.S. consumers. The lowest rated treatment in both countries was Honduran grain-finished followed by Honduran grass-finished. Consumers in Honduras were willing to pay more for samples when compared to U.S. consumers. Consumers were also willing to pay a premium for products with greater palatability, regardless of the country of origin.
Suppression and Expression of Emotion in Social and Interpersonal Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

Emotion expression is critical for the communication of important social information, such as emotional states and behavioral intentions. However, people tend to vary in their level of emotional expression. This meta-analysis investigated the relationships between levels of emotion expression and suppression, and social and interpersonal outcomes. PsycINFO databases, as well as reference lists were searched. Forty-three papers from a total of 3,200 papers met inclusion criteria, allowing for 105 effect sizes to be calculated. Meta-analyses revealed that greater suppression of emotion was significantly associated with poorer social wellbeing, including more negative first impressions, lower social support, lower social satisfaction and quality, and poorer romantic relationship quality. Furthermore, the expression of positive and general/nonspecific emotion was related to better social outcomes, while the expression of anger was associated with poorer social wellbeing. Expression of negative emotion generally was also associated with poorer social outcomes, although this effect size was very small and consisted of mixed results. These findings highlight the importance of considering the role that regulation of emotional expression can play in the development of social dysfunction and interpersonal problems.
THE NON-ENGLISH STUDENTS’ RESPONSES TOWARD THE USE OF READING-WHILELISTENING IN LISTENING CLASS OF TOEFL PREPARATION COURSE

Abstract: This research aims to portray students’ responses in using reading-while-listening technique to overcome the listening problems in the test. Furthermore, this study investigated types of problems that the technique could solve. Case study was utilized to depict clearly fifteen students’ responses using questionnaire and interview. The result exhibited that 80% of the students perceived this technique positively and some listening problems could be solved, particularly vocabulary and speech variable problems. This technique might be used by teachers and language instructors as one alternative to teach listening. Nonetheless, to what extent this technique could increase students’ score was not examined. Thus, further research might seek the effectiveness of this technique.
New insights into immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of the central nervous system

Purpose of reviewTo highlight the importance of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome affecting the brain in HIV-infected individuals in the absence of opportunistic infections. To describe the varied clinical manifestations, unifying pathophysiological features and discuss the principles of management of this syndrome. Recent findingsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome within the brain is commonly seen in patients with HIV infection upon initiation of antiretroviral drugs. The fulminant forms occur in the face of opportunistic infections or uncontrolled viral replication within the brain. In this case, the enhanced immune response is targeted against the microbial agent, and the brain suffers bystander damage. Treatment requires the combination of the antimicrobial agent, continued antiretrovirals and in some cases corticosteroids. It is increasingly being recognized that despite adequate control of viral replication in the brain, some patients develop a chronic form of T cell encephalitis which appears to be driven by continued production of HIV-Tat protein. In others, the immune response may be targeted against the host antigens in the brain. SummaryIn patients with central nervous system-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, the use of corticosteroids and strategies that prevent T cell migration into the brain may be needed. Extreme caution is necessary if viral eradication strategies are to be employed that involve activation of viral reservoirs, as these patients may be at risk for developing central nervous system-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
The tumor promoter‐activated protein kinase Cs are a system for regulating filopodia

Different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have distinct roles in regulating cell functions. The conventional (α, β, γ) and novel (δ, ɛ, η, θ) classes are targets of phorbol ester tumor promoters, which are surrogates of endogenous second messenger, diacylglycerol. The promoter‐stimulated disappearance of filopodia was investigated by use of blocking peptides (BPs) that inhibit PKC maturation and/or docking. Filopodia were partially rescued by a peptide representing PKC ɛ hydrophobic sequence, but also by a myristoylated PKC α/β pseudosubstrate sequence, and an inhibitor of T‐cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC‐PTP). The ability to turn over filopodia was widely distributed among PKC isoforms. PKC α and η hydrophobic sequences enhanced filopodia in cells in the absence of tumor promoter treatment. With transcriptional knockdown of PKC α, the content of PKC ɛ predominated over other isoforms. PKC ɛ could decrease filopodia significantly in promoter‐treated cells, and this was attributed to ruffling. The presence of PKC α counteracted the PKC ɛ‐mediated enhancement of ruffling. The results showed that there were two mechanisms of filopodia downregulation. One operated in the steady‐state and relied on PKC α and η. The other was stimulated by tumor promoters and relied on PKC ɛ. Cycles of protrusion and retraction are characteristic of filopodia and are essential for the cell to orient itself during chemotaxis and haptotaxis. By suppressing filopodia, PKC ɛ can create a long‐term “memory” of an environmental signal that may act in nature as a mnemonic device to mark the direction of a repulsive signal.
Strategies to mitigate dissociative and psychotomimetic effects of ketamine in the treatment of major depressive episodes: a narrative review

Abstract Objectives Replicated evidence has demonstrated that ketamine exerts rapid-acting and potent antidepressant effects. Notwithstanding, its promise to mitigate depressive symptoms and suicidality in antidepressant-resistant populations, several limitations and safety concerns accompany ketamine including, but not limited to, the potential for abuse and psychotomimetic/dissociative experiences. The focus of the current narrative review is to synthesise available evidence of strategies that may mitigate and fully prevent treatment-emergent psychotomimetic and dissociative effects associated with ketamine administration. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant articles. Results Potential avenues investigated to minimise psychotomimetic effects associated with ketamine administration include the following: (1) altering dosing and infusion rates; (2) route of administration; (3) enantiomer choice; (4) co-administration with mood stabilisers of antipsychotics; and (5) use of alternative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-modulating agents. Emerging evidence indicates that dissociative experiences can be significantly mitigated by using an intranasal route of administration, lower dosages, or use of alternative NMDA-modulating agents, namely lanicemine (AZD6765) and GLYX-13. Conclusions Currently, intranasal administration presents as the most promising strategy to mitigate dissociative and psychotomimetic effects; however, studies of strategies to mitigate the adverse events of ketamine are limited in number and quality and thus further investigation is still needed.
Seeing like PISA: A cautionary tale about the performativity of international assessments

PISA is an extremely influential large-scale assessment, and its ‘policy lessons’ are being incorporated in a range of nations all over the world. In this paper I argue that not only is PISA influencing policies and practices, but also that ‘seeing like PISA’ is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Globally, education administration is now characterized by an intense focus on output measurement, a highly competitive environment heightened by national and international rankings, and an economic and instrumentalist approach to education and education reform. Using James Scott’s account of 18th Century German forestry practices as a parable, this paper suggests that ‘seeing like PISA’ could have far reaching and damaging effects. The paper proposes the following: first, understanding PISA as a ‘project of legibility’ enhances our appreciation of its purposes and possibilities. Second, PISA is much more than a ‘representation’ of existing conditions, but is creating new conditions – in other words, it is not descriptive but performative; and, finally, ‘seeing like PISA’ is bringing about deep-rooted changes, and it is likely that the effects will be very long-term. Some of these effects may only manifest themselves in the next fifteen or twenty years; and, by then, the possibilities of redressing some of the ill effects may be very limited.
HAF mediates the evasive resistance of anti-angiogenesis TKI through disrupting HIF-1α and HIF-2α balance in renal cell carcinoma

Anti-angiogenesis has emerged as a standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, long-lasting efficacy is seldom reached, and evasive resistance eventually occurs under anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. To establish new therapeutic strategies, investigating the molecular mechanism of resistance is critically important. In our study, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with TKI treatment in conditioned medium derived from renal cancer cells (RCCs) to demonstrate cell viability. Quantitative real time PCR or Western blotting analysis detected the fluctuation of transcriptional factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α in RCCs under TKI treatment. We demonstrated the alteration of a specific cytokine produced from RCCs under normoxia or hypoxia incubation by utilizing a cytokine RT-PCR primer array. We found that the anti-angiogenic TKI sunitinib disrupted the balance between HIF-1α and HIF-2α in RCCs and led to a protective effect on HUVECs against sunitinib treatment when cultured with conditioned medium. Mechanistically, RCCs treated with sunitinib resulted in down-regulation of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, through reduction of both mRNA and protein levels. The down-regulation of HIF-1α by sunitinib occurred via hypoxia associated factor (HAF), which also enhanced HIF-2α transactivation activity to increase the production of pro-angiogenic factors and cytokines and promote HUVEC proliferation. This phenomenon was observed in ACHN and A498 cells, which express both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, but was not observed in 786-O cells, which express only HIF-2α. Our results illustrated that targeting both angiogenesis and hypoxia pathways might provide a resolution to dealing with the devastating effects of anti-angiogenesis resistance.
The November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang earthquake: A possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea

Triggering quakes in a geothermal space Enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) provide a potentially clean and abundant energy source. However, two magnitude-5 earthquakes recently occurred in South Korea during EGS site development. Grigoli et al. and Kim et al. present seismic and geophysical evidence that may implicate the second of these earthquakes, which occurred in Pohang, as an induced event. The combination of data from a local seismometer network, well logs, satellite observations, teleseismic waveform analysis, and stress modeling leads to the assessment that the earthquake was probably or almost certainly anthropogenically induced. The possibility remains that the earthquake occurred coincidentally at the EGS site location, but the aftershock distribution and other lines of evidence are concerning for future development of this geothermal resource. Science, this issue p. 1003, p. 1007 Last year’s Pohang, South Korea, earthquake was potentially an induced earthquake from an enhanced geothermal system. The moment magnitude (Mw) 5.5 earthquake that struck South Korea in November 2017 was one of the largest and most damaging events in that country over the past century. Its proximity to an enhanced geothermal system site, where high-pressure hydraulic injection had been performed during the previous 2 years, raises the possibility that this earthquake was anthropogenic. We have combined seismological and geodetic analyses to characterize the mainshock and its largest aftershocks, constrain the geometry of this seismic sequence, and shed light on its causal factors. According to our analysis, it seems plausible that the occurrence of this earthquake was influenced by the aforementioned industrial activities. Finally, we found that the earthquake transferred static stress to larger nearby faults, potentially increasing the seismic hazard in the area.
Short Communication: Increase of Sialylated N-Glycansin Eyes with Neovascular Glaucoma Secondary to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the alteration of N-glycans in the vitreous fluid of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: Vitreous samples were collected from 18 patients with PDR (including 7 with NVG and 11 without NVG), and 17 patients without diabetes. Profiles of N-glycans were analyzed by glycoblotting-based high throughput protocol, which we recently developed. Protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were measured by ELISA. Results: The concentration of total N-glycans and the concentration of N-glycans with sialic acids were significantly higher in NVG group compared with those in non-NVG group or control group, whereas there was no significant difference in concentrations of high-mannose N-glycans among three groups. There was a moderate correlation between the concentrations of sialylated N-glycans and VEGF-A. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the distinct changes of N-glycan profile and the increase of sialylated N-glycans in eyes with NVG secondary to PDR.
Smallpox vaccines: targets of protective immunity

Summary: The eradication of smallpox, one of the great triumphs of medicine, was accomplished through the prophylactic administration of live vaccinia virus, a comparatively benign relative of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. Nevertheless, recent fears that variola virus may be used as a biological weapon together with the present susceptibility of unimmunized populations have spurred the development of new‐generation vaccines that are safer than the original and can be produced by modern methods. Predicting the efficacy of such vaccines in the absence of human smallpox, however, depends on understanding the correlates of protection. This review outlines the biology of poxviruses with particular relevance to vaccine development, describes protein targets of humoral and cellular immunity, compares animal models of orthopoxvirus disease with human smallpox, and considers the status of second‐ and third‐generation smallpox vaccines.
How to Obtain Computational Completeness in P Systems with One Catalyst

Whether P systems with only one catalyst can already be computationally complete, is still an open problem. Here we establish computational completeness by using specific variants of additional control mechanisms. At each step using only multiset rewriting rules from one set of a finite number of sets of multiset rewriting rules allows for obtaining computational completeness with one catalyst and only one membrane. If the targets are used for choosing the multiset of rules to be applied, for getting computational completeness with only one catalyst more than one membrane is needed. If the available sets of rules change periodically with time, computational completeness can be obtained with one catalyst in one membrane. Moreover, we also improve existing computational completeness results for P systems with mobile catalysts and for P systems with membrane creation.
The critical contribution of TGF‐β to the induction of Foxp3 expression and regulatory T cell function

Stimulation of mouse CD4+ T cells in the presence of TGF‐β results in the expression of Foxp3 and induction of Treg function. Stimulation of human CD4+ T cells under similar conditions results in the expression of Foxp3, but the cells lack regulatory cell function. TGF‐β expressed on the surface of Treg also induces Foxp3 expression and Treg function in responder cells. Both of these mechanisms may play a role in vivo in the induction of antigen‐specific extra‐thymic Treg.
Genetic Association Analysis and Meta‐Analysis of Imputed SNPs in Longitudinal Studies

In this paper we propose a new method to analyze time‐to‐event data in longitudinal genetic studies. This method address the fundamental problem of incorporating uncertainty when analyzing survival data and imputed single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Our method incorporates uncertainty in the likelihood function, the opposite of existing methods that incorporate the uncertainty in the design matrix. Through simulation studies and real data analyses, we show that our proposed method is unbiased and provides powerful results. We also show how combining results from different GWAS (meta‐analysis) may lead to wrong results when effects are not estimated using our approach. The model is implemented in an R package that is designed to analyze uncertainty not only arising from imputed SNPs, but also from copy number variants.
Approximate and exact tests of Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium using uncertain genotypes

Testing for Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is commonly used as a quality control filter in genome‐wide scans for markers with experimentally determined genotypes. In contrast, for markers with imputed genotypes, there are post‐imputation metrics of quality that can be used as screens but there are no formal tests of deviation from HWE. Similarly, there are no formal tests of deviation from HWE for probabilistic genotypes that are generated by sequencing projects. Here, I describe generalizations of the approximate χ2 and exact tests of HWE for use with uncertain genotypes. The tests fully account for the probabilities of all possible genotypes at a marker for each individual. By computer simulation, the approximate and exact tests are shown to maintain valid control of the type I error rate. Calculations of the loss of power as the uncertainty in genotypes increases are illustrated. The tests are compatible with chip‐based genotypes for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number polymorphisms, imputed genotypes, and probabilistic assignments of genotype from variable‐coverage sequence data. Genet. Epidemiol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 35:632‐637, 2011
International osteosarcoma incidence patterns in children and adolescents, middle ages and elderly persons

Osteosarcoma incidence rates in the United States peak in adolescence and in the elderly. The international patterns of osteosarcoma incidence in children have been described, whereas those for young, middle age or elderly adults have not. Using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, International Agency for Cancer Research database we compared incidence rates for children and adolescents (age 0–24 years), the middle age group (25–59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) persons by world regions and individual countries. Overall, worldwide osteosarcoma incidence rates were quite similar in the younger age groups. The greatest variation in incidence rates was observed in the elderly. Published 2009 UICC
Children with chronic stress‐induced recurrent muscle pain have enhanced startle reaction

Children with recurrent pain of negative chronic stress origin from different locations have a characteristic pattern of tender points in the temporal, trapezoid, great pectoral and abdominal muscles. We tested the hypothesis that the startle reaction is activated in these children and that some of the startle‐activated muscles are related to the tender point pattern and the recurrent pain.
Environmental and Metabolic Sensors That Control T Cell Biology

The T lymphocyte response to pathogens is shaped by the microenvironment. Environmental sensors in T cells include the nutrient-sensing serine/threonine kinases, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Other environmental sensors are transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The present review explores the molecular basis for the impact of environmental signals on the differentiation of conventional T cell receptor αβ T cells and how the T cell response to immune stimuli can coordinate the T cell response to environmental cues.