Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of disorder geometry on the critical force in disordered elastic systems

We address the effect of disorder geometry on the critical force in disordered elastic systems. We focus on the model system of a long-range elastic line driven in a random landscape. In the collective pinning regime, we compute the critical force perturbatively. Not only does our expression for the critical force confirm previous results on its scaling with respect to the microscopic disorder parameters, but it also provides its precise dependence on the disorder geometry (represented by the disorder two-point correlation function). Our results are successfully compared with the results of numerical simulations for random field and random bond disorders.
USING SERIES PICTURES TO DEVELOP THE STUDENTS’ IDEAS IN ENGLISH NARRATIVE WRITING

English writing is one of the compulsory subjects at university level particularly in English class. It informs that good writing is bedrock for the students’ future success (A national Survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, and the National Commission on Writing). Regardless of these statements, the presenter has witnessed the fact that English writing is just viewed as an English teaching reference. Therefore, this paper presentation will primarily focus on to find out the students’ ideas development and their interest in English narrative writing through series pictures. To investigate these issues, writing test and questionnaire will be disseminated to collect the data of English narrative writing text. The traits of the presentation are to show that the use series pictures in students’ English narrative writing activities will get development and interest significantly.
The stress – strain behavior of polymer – nanotube composites from molecular dynamics simulation

Stress–strain curves of polymer–carbon nanotube composites generated from molecular dynamics simulations of a single-walled carbon nanotube embedded in polyethylene are presented. A comparison is made between the response to mechanical loading of a composite with a long, continuous nanotube (replicated via periodic boundary conditions) and the response of a composite with a short, discontinuous nanotube. Both composites are mechanically loaded in the direction of, and transverse to, the nanotube axis. The long-nanotube composite shows an increase in the stiffness relative to the polymer and behaves anisotropically under the different loading conditions considered. The short-nanotube composite shows no enhancement relative to the polymer, most probably because of its low aspect ratio. The stress–strain curves from molecular dynamics simulations are compared with corresponding rule-of-mixtures predictions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Longitudinal Outcomes for Youth Transported to Wilderness Therapy Programs

Purpose: Due to the ethical concern around involuntary treatment, this study sought to investigate if youth participants in wilderness therapy who were transported to the program experienced different rates of change than those not transported. Methods: Multilevel modeling techniques were used to investigate rates of change for youth between transported and nontransported youth over 5 points until 6 months postdischarge. In addition, repeated measures analyses of variance investigated parent reports of change over time across transport status, gender, and diagnosis. Results: The findings showed no differences between transported and nontransported youth in changes over time. Overall, all youth improved significantly with changes maintained postdischarge regardless of transport status. Discussion: This study shows that transporting youth to treatment does not appear to interfere with the treatment outcome; however, more research is needed to understand clients’ perception of the transport process.
A New Centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the Evolution of Parietal Ornamentation in Horned Dinosaurs

In 1916, a centrosaurine dinosaur bonebed was excavated within the Campanian-aged deposits of what is now Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Specimens from this now-lost quarry, including two parietals, a squamosal, a skull missing the frill, and an incomplete dentary, were purchased by The Natural History Museum, London. The material was recently reprepared and identified herein as a previously unknown taxon, Spinops sternbergorum gen. et sp. nov. Based upon the available locality data and paleopalynology, the quarry lies in either the upper part of the Oldman Formation or the lower part of the Dinosaur Park Formation. The facial region of the partial skull is similar to putative mature specimens of Centrosaurus spp. and Styracosaurus albertensis, with short, rounded postorbital horncores and a large, erect nasal horncore. Parietal ornamentation is consistent on both known parietals and is unique among ceratopsids. Bilateral, procurved parietal hooks occupy the P1 (medial-most) position on the dorsal surface of the parietal and are very similar to those seen in Centrosaurus apertus. Epiparietals in the P2 or possibly P3 position (lateral to P1) manifest as extremely elongate, caudally directed spikes, unlike the condition in C. apertus, S. albertensis, or any other “derived” centrosaurine. Cladistic analysis suggests that S. sternbergorum is closely related to Centrosaurus and Styracosaurus. Historically, based upon the condition in Styracosaurus and related centrosaurines, it was assumed that the medial-most elongated spikes on centrosaurine parietals correspond to the P3 epiparietal position. The exception illustrated in the new taxon suggests that homologies of epiparietals among basal centrosaurines (e.g., Albertaceratops and Diabloceratops) and derived centrosaurines (e.g., Styracosaurus and “pachyrhinosaurs”) should be reconsidered. The medially-placed, caudally-directed “P3” process of basal centrosaurines may, in fact, be homologous with P2.
Detection of Increased Fecal Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Its Characterization as a Membrane‐bound Form in Colorectal Carcinoma and Other Gastrointestinal Disorders

The levels and character of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in feces were investigated by sandwich radioimmunometric assay using anti‐CEA monoclonal antibodies NCC‐CO‐411 and NCC‐CO‐432. Mean CEA concentration was significantly higher (P< 0.001) in the feces from patients with colorectal carcinoma and other gastrointestinal disorders as compared to normal adults. More than 90% of the fecal CEA was trapped by a 0.22 μm membrane filter and solubilized by treatment with 1% Triton X‐100 or phosphatidyl‐inositol specific phospholipase C. In hydrophobic chromatography, most of the fecal CEA was eluted at the lowest (NH4)2SO4 concentration while serum CEA appeared in the more hydrophilic fractions. These results suggest that the majority of CEA exists in feces as an amphiphilic molecule or a membrane‐bound form. The increase of fecal CEA may reflect the destruction and abrasion of epithelial cells in various gastrointestinal disorders.
Kin-states and kin majorities from the bottom-up : developing a model of nested integration in Crimea & Moldova

With the increasing importance and prevalence of kin-state policies, this thesis identifies three gaps in existing kin-state research. Theoretically, existing literature focuses on how kin relations can induce or reduce conflict between states, overlooking the dynamics of interaction between kin-states and kin communities. Conceptually, existing literature focuses on kin communities as minorities, overlooking kin majorities. Methodologically, existing literature focuses on top-down institutional and state-level analyses of kin-state relations, overlooking bottom-up agency-centred perspectives. To address these gaps, the thesis develops a model of nested integration, to analyse relations been kin-states and kin majorities from a bottom-up perspective. Nested integration does not challenge the borders separating kin-state from kin communities, but affects the meaning of this border. The thesis examines the comparative explanatory power of this model of nested integration by generating evidence about the meanings of kin identification and engagement with different kin-state practices, through a cross-case comparison of Crimea vis-a-vis Russia and Moldova vis-a-vis Romania. These cases are selected from a wider kin majority typology as two contrasting examples of kin-state policies: Romanian citizenship in Moldova and Russian quasi-citizenship Compatriot policy in Crimea. Overall, the thesis argues that Moldova exhibits more nested integration than Crimea because of the type, legitimacy and availability of kin-state provision, which the thesis argues is consequential for the degree of nested integration observed. The thesis also refines the model of nested integration, by taking account of empirical evidence, arguing for the importance of considering internal fractionalization within the kin majority, social dependence and geopolitical dependence. Incorporating these elements within the model shows kin-state relations to concern not only issues of identity, but also security, public goods provision and geopolitical region-building narratives. These elements have been overlooked by existing research and demonstrate the importance of a bottom-up, agency-centred and comparative perspective for kin-state scholarship.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Learning the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level: Some Consequences of Debt Management Policy Learning the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level: Some Consequences of Debt Management Policy

This paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Abstract This paper examines how the scale and composition of public debt can affect economies that implement a combination of " passive " monetary policy and " active " fiscal policy. This policy configuration is argued to be of both historical and contemporary interest in the cases of the U.S. and Japanese economies. It is shown that higher average levels and moderate average maturities of debt can induce macroeconomic instability under a range of policies specified as simple rules. However, interest rate pegs in combination with active fiscal policies almost always ensure macroeconomic stability. This finding suggests that in periods where the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates is a relevant constraint on policy design, a switch in fiscal regime is desirable. The authors thank Eric Leeper for many valuable conversations as well as two anonymous referees and the discussant, Kosuke Aoki, for helpful comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.
GEROS-ISS: GNSS REflectometry, Radio Occultation, and Scatterometry Onboard the International Space Station

GEROS-ISS stands for GNSS REflectometry, radio occultation, and scatterometry onboard the International Space Station (ISS). It is a scientific experiment, successfully proposed to the European Space Agency in 2011. The experiment as the name indicates will be conducted on the ISS. The main focus of GEROS-ISS is the dedicated use of signals from the currently available Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in L-band for remote sensing of the Earth with a focus to study climate change. Prime mission objectives are the determination of the altimetric sea surface height of the oceans and of the ocean surface mean square slope, which is related to sea roughness and wind speed. These geophysical parameters are derived using reflected GNSS signals (GNSS reflectometry, GNSS-R). Secondary mission goals include atmosphere/ionosphere sounding using refracted GNSS signals (radio occultation, GNSS-RO) and remote sensing of land surfaces using GNSS-R. The GEROS-ISS mission objectives and its design, the current status, and ongoing activities are reviewed and selected scientific and technical results of the GEROS-ISS preparation phase are described.
Developing an empirical correlation for the thermal spreading resistance of a heat sink

Thermal spreading resistance is a key element in the thermal analysis of a heat sink which is larger in surface area than the component that it being used to cool. Current analytical solutions are far too mathematically cumbersome for practical use by practicing engineers. The current research presents a simple correlation that accurately calculates the thermal spreading within a heat sink, as a function of heat sink geometric and thermal characteristics. A CFD program is used to conduct numerous parametric studies that vary multiple geometric and thermal parameters of the heat sink. Extensive curve fitting analysis is used to develop an empirical equation that can be used to calculate the thermal spreading resistance within a heat sink as function multiple geometric and thermal parameters. The developed equation agrees with a previously derived analytical closed form solutions in most cases within +/−5%.
Medical Doctors' Knowledge of Dental Specialty: Implication for Referral Occupational Risk of Hiv Infection among Dental Surgeons In

The research goal is to assess Medical Doctors' knowledge of the various dental specialties and to determine if their past dental experience affects their level of knowledge. Resident Doctors and Medical Officers working in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria were surveyed with self‐ administered questionnaire in 2008. A total of 142 doctors responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 71%. The female: male ratio was approximately 1:2.5. (Maximum score =21). Only a small percentage (5.6%) had a good knowledge (scored above 16), 79.6% had a fair knowledge (scored 8‐15) and 14.8% had a very poor knowledge (scored less than 8). Doctor with history of previous dental treatment had better knowledge (P=0.03). The knowledge of Medical Doctors about the various areas in Dentistry is presently not satisfactory. Comprehensive care of patients, which includes prompt and appropriate referral, can be optimized by improvement of Doctors' knowledge of dental specialty through seminars and other educational interventions. Background: Prevention of accidents and management of exposures in the work environment is an important oc¬cupation health issue. This study objective was to investigate the occupational risk of HIV among Nigerian dental sur¬geons. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey of 300 dental surgeons practicing in private and government owned dental centers in Nigeria was Percutaneous injury was recorded among 69.3% of respondents and only 1.2% had Post exposure prophylaxis. Those with abraded skin that will treat patient without additional barrier were 8.6%. Percutaneous injury was positively related to gender, position, additional qualifications (p<0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous injury is significantly high and low preventive measure at such exposure. Policies, practices, and trainings geared towards protecting and reducing the prevalence of percu¬taneous injury among dental surgeons, and improving post exposure prophylaxis uptake in the event of exposure is a necessity.
The Application of Multiobjective Optimization Technique to the Estimation of Electric Arc Furnace Parameters

An electric arc furnace exhibits highly nonlinear characteristics and can cause power quality issues. Its performance is a vital issue for electric utilities. In this paper, a novel multiobjective optimization technique has been proposed for the estimation of the electric arc furnace parameters to predict the voltage and current waveforms and evaluate the performance of the furnace under various conditions. The multiobjective optimization technique minimizes the extinction voltage error and arc resistance error simultaneously to enhance the performance of the electric arc furnace model. The proposed optimization model employs a genetic algorithm and the stochastic variation of the arc length to estimate the parameters of a nonlinear time-variant resistance model of the electric arc furnace by using actual current and voltage data. These data have been obtained from a steel plant in Saudi Arabia. Optimization has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the model of the electric arc furnace with the estimated parameters has been developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results obtained from the PSCAD model have been validated with actual data from the steel industry. The validation shows that the proposed method is efficient and accurate in the estimation of the electric arc furnace parameters.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Iran

OBJECTIVES Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that occurs worldwide, with a wide range of complications in immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran. METHODS We searched English and Persian databases for studies reporting T. gondii seroprevalence in Iranian hemodialysis patients through December 31, 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS A total of 10 studies containing 1,865 participants (1,048 patients and 817 controls) met the eligibility criteria. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii were found in 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46 to 70) of hemodialysis patients and 40% (95% CI, 31 to 50) of healthy controls, while immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were found in 2% (95% CI, 0 to 6) of hemodialysis patients and 0% (95% CI, 0 to 1) of healthy controls. The meta-analysis showed that hemodialysis patients were significantly more likely to be seropositive for IgG (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.70; p<0.001) and IgM (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.22; p<0.001) antibodies against T. gondii infection than healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed a high prevalence of T. gondii infection in hemodialysis patients. Since hemodialysis patients are immunocompromised and T. gondii can cause serious clinical complications, we recommend that periodic screenings for T. gondii infection should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of these patients.
Intertemporal Choice and Inequality

The permanent income hypothesis implies that, for any cohort of people born at the same time, inequality in both consumption and income should grow with age. We investigate this prediction using cohort data constructed from 11 years of household survey data from the United States, 22 years from Great Britain, and 14 years from Taiwan. The data show that within-cohort consumption and income inequality measures do indeed increase with age in the three economies and that the rate of increase is similar in all three. According to the permanent income hypothesis, the increase in inequality reflects cumulative differences in the effects of luck on consumption. Other models of intertemporal choice--such as those with strong precautionary motives or liquidity constraints--can limit or even prevent the spread of inequality, as can insurance arrangements that share risk across individuals. The evidence on the spread of inequality can therefore be used to help quantify the extent to which private and social arrangements moderate the impact of risk on the distribution of individual welfare.
The Distressed Brain: A Group Blind Source Separation Analysis on Tinnitus

Background Tinnitus, the perception of a sound without an external sound source, can lead to variable amounts of distress. Methodology In a group of tinnitus patients with variable amounts of tinnitus related distress, as measured by the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), an electroencephalography (EEG) is performed, evaluating the patients' resting state electrical brain activity. This resting state electrical activity is compared with a control group and between patients with low (N = 30) and high distress (N = 25). The groups are homogeneous for tinnitus type, tinnitus duration or tinnitus laterality. A group blind source separation (BSS) analysis is performed using a large normative sample (N = 84), generating seven normative components to which high and low tinnitus patients are compared. A correlation analysis of the obtained normative components' relative power and distress is performed. Furthermore, the functional connectivity as reflected by lagged phase synchronization is analyzed between the brain areas defined by the components. Finally, a group BSS analysis on the Tinnitus group as a whole is performed. Conclusions Tinnitus can be characterized by at least four BSS components, two of which are posterior cingulate based, one based on the subgenual anterior cingulate and one based on the parahippocampus. Only the subgenual component correlates with distress. When performed on a normative sample, group BSS reveals that distress is characterized by two anterior cingulate based components. Spectral analysis of these components demonstrates that distress in tinnitus is related to alpha and beta changes in a network consisting of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex extending to the pregenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as well as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and parahippocampus. This network overlaps partially with brain areas implicated in distress in patients suffering from pain, functional somatic syndromes and posttraumatic stress disorder, and might therefore represent a specific distress network.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Mobility of Cdc 45 Determined in vivo by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Eukaryotic DNA replication is a dynamic process requiring the co-operation of specific replication proteins. We measured the mobility of eGFP-Cdc45 by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) in vivo in asynchronous cells and in cells synchronized at the G1/S transition and during S phase. Our data show that eGFP-Cdc45 mobility is faster in G1/S transition compared to S phase suggesting that Cdc45 is part of larger protein complex formed in S phase. Furthermore, the size of complexes containing Cdc45 was estimated in asynchronous, G1/S and S phase-synchronized cells using gel filtration chromatography; these findings complemented the in vivo FCS data. Analysis of the mobility of eGFP-Cdc45 and the size of complexes containing Cdc45 and eGFP-Cdc45 after UVC-mediated DNA damage revealed no significant changes in diffusion rates and complex sizes using FCS and gel filtration chromatography analyses. This suggests that after UV-damage, Cdc45 is still present in a large multi-protein complex and that its mobility within living cells is consistently similar following UVCmediated DNA damage. Citation: Broderick R, Ramadurai S, Tóth K, Togashi DM, Ryder AG, et al. (2012) Cell Cycle-Dependent Mobility of Cdc45 Determined in vivo by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. PLoS ONE 7(4): e35537. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0035537 Editor: Michael Polymenis, Texas A&M University, United States of America Received January 26, 2012; Accepted March 17, 2012; Published April 19, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Broderick et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the Science Foundation Ireland through Systems Biology Ireland, the Thomas Crawford Hayes Fund and Irish research council for science, engineering & technology (IRCSET). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: h.nasheuer@nuigalway.ie . These authors contributed equally to this work.