Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Requirements refinements and analysis with case-based reasoning techniques to reuse the requirements

This paper proposes an approach in Goal-Oriented Requirements refinement and analysis that adapt Case-Based Reasoning techniques. This approach is expected to help emphasizing the reuse of the high quality requirements that have been applied on previous system development process. The Attributed Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis (AGORA) is simplified to analyze requirements proposed by Goal Tree Model Case-Based. An information system project for a transportation company has been used as a case study to demonstrate this approach. The case study helped demonstrated that the generated requirements using our approach are able to accomplish the company needs, rather than user requirements that are caused by the user's interest in requirements engineering process.
Greater Heart Rate Responses to Acute Stress Are Associated with Better Post-Error Adjustment in Special Police Cadets

High-stress jobs require both appropriate physiological regulation and behavioral adjustment to meet the demands of emergencies. Here, we investigated the relationship between the autonomic stress response and behavioral adjustment after errors in special police cadets. Sixty-eight healthy male special police cadets were randomly assigned to perform a first-time walk on an aerial rope bridge to induce stress responses or a walk on a cushion on the ground serving as a control condition. Subsequently, the participants completed a Go/No-go task to assess behavioral adjustment after false alarm responses. Heart rate measurements and subjective reports confirmed that stress responses were successfully elicited by the aerial rope bridge task in the stress group. In addition, greater heart rate increases during the rope bridge task were positively correlated with post-error slowing and had a trend of negative correlation with post-error miss rate increase in the subsequent Go/No-go task. These results suggested that stronger autonomic stress responses are related to better post-error adjustment under acute stress in this highly selected population and demonstrate that, under certain conditions, individuals with high-stress jobs might show cognitive benefits from a stronger physiological stress response.
Influence of two infant formulas and human milk on the development of the faecal flora in newborn infants

The establishment of the faecal flora of 39 full‐term infants fed exclusively on breast milk (n = 20) or with two different modern adapted cow's milk formulas (n= 19) was studied during the first 3 months of life. One formula investigated was based on 100% bovine casein as the protein source whereas the other formula contained bovine milk proteins with a whey/casein ratio of 60:40. A faecal flora rich in bifidobacteria was found in all study groups; the growth of putrefactive bacteria (especially Bacteroides spp.), however, was limited. In formula‐fed infants, significantly higher bacterial counts of enterococci and Clostridia were detected compared to breast milk‐fed infants. Similarities and differences due to the feeding regimen were particularly reflected in the pattern of the anaerobic bacterial species. Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. infantis and B. breve constituted the majority of the bifidobacterial flora independent of the type of milk feeding. Other bifidobacterial species such as B. longum, B. adolescentis, B. parabifidum and B. pseudo‐catenulatum were detected in high numbers and at low frequencies in breastfed infants. The latter three were observed in infants fed the whey/casein formula as well. It seems that infants fed a casein formula develop a faecal flora more like that of breastfed infants concerning Lactobacillus spp. (especially L. fermentum and L. brevis).
Performance analysis of multi-stage cascaded digital predistortion

Cascaded digital predistortion can reduce the pre-distorter model complexity while keeping the linearization performance. This paper evaluates the performance of cascaded DPD with a high nonlinear power amplifier (PA). A 2-stage memory polynomial (MP) model DPD structure is analyzed and compared with a single stage MP and generalized memory polynomial (GMP) model DPD. The linearization performances of the identified DPDs are evaluated in terms of improvement on adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and error vector magnitude (EVM). Tests are done on a Doherty power amplifier with a Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE). The computational complexity and the convergence speed of the DPD identification are discussed.
A National Mass Media Smoking Cessation Campaign: Effects by Race/Ethnicity and Education

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of a large-scale, national smoking cessation media campaign, the EX campaign, across racial/ethnic and educational subgroups. Design. A longitudinal random-digit-dial panel study conducted prior to and 6 months following the national launch of the campaign. Setting. The sample was drawn from eight designated media markets in the United States. Subjects. The baseline survey was conducted on 5616 current smokers, aged 18 to 49 years, and 4067 (73% follow-up response rate) were resurveyed at the 6-month follow-up. Measures. The primary independent variable is confirmed awareness of the campaign advertising, and the outcome variables are follow-up cessation-related cognitions index score and quit attempts. Analysis. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted within racial/ethnic and educational strata to assess the strength of association between confirmed awareness of campaign advertising and cessation-related outcomes. Results. Confirmed awareness of campaign advertising increased favorable cessation-related cognitions among Hispanics and quit attempts among non-Hispanic blacks, and increased favorable cessation-related cognitions and quit attempts among smokers with less than a high school education. Conclusions. These results suggest that the EX campaign may be effective in promoting cessation-related cognitions and behaviors among minority and disadvantaged smokers who experience a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related illness and mortality. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S38–S50.)
Calcium and GTP: essential components in vesicular trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Ca2+ and GTP hydrolysis are shown to be required for the transport of protein between the ER and the cis-Golgi compartment in semiintact cells, an in vitro system that reconstitutes transport between intact organelles. Transport was inhibited rapidly and irreversibly in the presence of micromolar concentrations of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analogue, GTP gamma S. The transport block in the presence of GTP gamma S was found to be distal to a post-ER, pre-Golgi compartment where proteins accumulate during incubation at 15 degrees C. In addition, transport was completely inhibited in the absence of free Ca2+. A sharp peak defining optimal transport between the ER and the cis-Golgi was found to occur in the presence of 0.1 microM free Ca2+. Inhibition of transport in the absence of free Ca2+ was found to be fully reversible allowing the step inhibited by GTP gamma S to be assigned to a position intermediate between the ER and the Ca2+ requiring step. The results suggest that GTP hydrolysis may trigger a switch to insure vectorial transport of protein along the ER/Golgi pathway, and that a free Ca2+ level similar to the physiological levels found in interphase cells is essential for a terminal step in vesicle delivery to the cis-Golgi compartment.
Robust control of a class of feedback systems subject to limited capacity constraints

In this paper we are concerned with uniform mean square reliable data reconstruction and robust stability for a class of dynamical systems over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, subject to the limited capacity constraints. Specifically, the design of an encoder, decoder and controller subject to the mean square reliable data reconstruction and stability, is considered for a class of dynamical systems. The class of dynamical systems which are described the uncertainty is modeled via a relative entropy constraint.
Repeated episodes of hypoglycemia as a potential aggravating factor for preclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with T 1 D

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes Care. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes Care, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisherauthenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes Care in print and online at http://care.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online October 7, 2010
Numerical Abstraction in Young Domestic Chicks (Gallus gallus)

In a variety of circumstances animals can represent numerical values per se, although it is unclear how salient numbers are relative to non-numerical properties. The question is then: are numbers intrinsically distinguished or are they processed as a last resort only when no other properties differentiate stimuli? The last resort hypothesis is supported by findings pertaining to animal studies characterized by extensive training procedures. Animals may, nevertheless, spontaneously and routinely discriminate numerical attributes in their natural habitat, but data available on spontaneous numerical competence usually emerge from studies not disentangling numerical from quantitative cues. In the study being outlined here, we tested animals' discrimination of a large number of elements utilizing a paradigm that did not require any training procedures. During rearing, newborn chicks were presented with two stimuli, each characterized by a different number of heterogeneous (for colour, size and shape) elements and food was found in proximity of one of the two stimuli. At testing 3 day-old chicks were presented with stimuli depicting novel elements (for colour, size and shape) representing either the numerosity associated or not associated with food. The chicks approached the number associated with food in the 5vs.10 and 10vs.20 comparisons both when quantitative cues were unavailable (stimuli were of random sizes) or being controlled. The findings emerging from the study support the hypothesis that numbers are salient information promptly processed even by very young animals.
Intensive care without walls - introduction of a Medical Emergency Team system in a Swiss tertiary care centre.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY To improve the response of deteriorating patients during their hospital stay, the University Hospital Bern has introduced a Medical Emergency Team (MET). Aim of this retrospective cohort study is to review the preceding factors, patient characteristics, process parameters and their correlation to patient outcomes of MET calls since the introduction of the team. METHODS Data on patient characteristics, parameters related to MET activation and intervention and patient outcomes were evaluated. A Vital Sign Score (VSS), which is defined as the sum of the occurrence of each vital sign abnormalities, was calculated for all physiological parameters pre MET event, during event and correlation with hospital outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1,628 MET calls in 1,317 patients occurred; 262 (19.9%) of patients with MET calls during their hospital stay died. The VSS pre MET event (odds ratio [OR] 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-2.13; AUROC 0.63; all p <0.0001) and during the MET call (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.41-1.83; AUROC 0.62; all p <0.0001) were significantly correlated to patient outcomes. A significant increase in MET calls from 5.2 to 16.5 per 1000 hospital admissions (p <0.0001) and a decrease in cardiac arrest calls in the MET perimeter from 1.6 in 2008 to 0.8 per 1000 admissions was observed during the study period (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The VSS is a significant predictor of mortality in patients assessed by the MET. Increasing MET utilisation coincided with a decrease in cardiac arrest calls in the MET perimeter.
Characterization of dislocation interactions in olivine using electron tomography

We have investigated by electron tomography, in a transmission electronic microscope, the interactions between dislocations in olivine single crystals and polycrystals deformed in axial compression at T < 1000 °C (T < 0.5Tm). Dislocations are mostly of the [0 0 1] type, except in the polycrystal where [1 0 0] and [0 0 1] dislocations have been activated. A few 〈1 0 1〉 junctions have been found and characterized. Many collinear interactions have been identified either involving direct interactions between crossing dislocations of opposite Burgers vectors or indirect interactions between dislocations gliding in parallel planes and sessile dislocation loops. We suggest that collinear interaction, already identified as the primary source of strain hardening in FCC metals, is the main dislocation interaction mechanism in olivine deformed at temperatures below 1000 °C.
Long-Term Pertussis-Specific Immunity after Primary Vaccination with a Combined Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tricomponent Acellular Pertussis, and Hepatitis B Vaccine in Comparison with That after Natural Infection

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare pertussis-specific humoral and cellular immunity in children 5 years after a primary vaccination with a combined diphtheria, tetanus, tricomponent acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B vaccine (DTaP-HBV; InfanrixHepB; SmithKline Beecham) with immunity after natural infection. The subjects were 38 children aged 5 to 6 years who received DTaP-HBV at 3, 5, and 11 months of life and 21 subjects of similar ages and sex who acquired pertussis in the first year of life. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers againstBordetella pertussis antigens, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-specific proliferation, and the secretion of cytokines were evaluated. After 5 years, only a small proportion of vaccinated and infected children had significant specific concentrations of IgG in serum against all three B. pertussis antigens, and T-cell responses persisted in a minority of subjects. A preferential type 1 cytokine response with the secretion of gamma interferon was observed in the pertussis group, whereas a type 2 skewed response was observed in the vaccinated children; however, the quantitative differences in the cytokines produced by DTaP-HBV and natural infection were minimal. In conclusion, our results show that the immune responses induced by primary pertussis vaccination are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in children who recovered from natural infection and highlight the need for booster immunization with pertussis vaccines in order to maintain adequate levels of a specific immune response to B. pertussis.
An Improvement in Cross-Language Document Retrieval Based on Statistical Models

This paper presents a proposed method integrated with three statistical models including Translation model, Query generation model and Document retrieval model for cross-language document retrieval. Given a certain document in the source language, it will be translated into the target language of statistical machine translation model. The query generation model then selects the most relevant words in the translated version of the document as a query. Finally, all the documents in the target language are scored by the document searching model, which mainly computes the similarities between query and document. This method can efficiently solve the problem of translation ambiguity and query expansion for disambiguation, which are critical in Cross-Language Information Retrieval. In addition, the proposed model has been extensively evaluated to the retrieval of documents that: 1) texts are long which, as a result, may cause the model to over generate the queries; and 2) texts are of similar contents under the same topic which is hard to be distinguished by the retrieval model. After comparing different strategies, the experimental results show a significant performance of the method with the average precision close to 100%. It is of a great significance to both cross-language searching on the Internet and the parallel corpus producing for statistical machine translation systems.
A modified ‘NanoSuit®’ preserves wet samples in high vacuum: direct observations on cells and tissues in field-emission scanning electron microscopy

Although field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has proven very useful in biomedical research, the high vacuum required (10−3 to 10−7 Pa) precludes direct observations of living cells and tissues at high resolution and often produces unwanted structural changes. We have previously described a method that allows the investigator to keep a variety of insect larvae alive in the high vacuum environment of the electron microscope by encasing the organisms in a thin, vacuum-proof suit, the ‘NanoSuit®'. However, it was impossible to protect wet tissues freshly excised from intact organisms or cultured cells. Here we describe an improved ‘NanoSuit' technique to overcome this limitation. We protected the specimens with a surface shield enhancer (SSE) solution that consists of glycerine and electrolytes and found that the fine structure of the SSE-treated specimens is superior to that of conventionally prepared specimens. The SSE-based NanoSuit affords a much stronger barrier to gas and/or liquid loss than the previous NanoSuit did and, since it allows more detailed images, it could significantly help to elucidate the ‘real' organization of cells and their functions.
Acceleration statistics of heavy particles in turbulence

We present the results of direct numerical simulations of heavy particle transport in homogeneous, isotropic, fully developed turbulence, up to resolution $512^3$ ($R_\lambda\approx 185$). Following the trajectories of up to 120 million particles with Stokes numbers, St, in the range from 0.16 to 3.5 we are able to characterize in full detail the statistics of particle acceleration. We show that: (i) the root-mean-squared acceleration $a_{\rm rms}$ sharply falls off from the fluid tracer value at quite small Stokes numbers; (ii) at a given St the normalized acceleration $a_{\rm rms}/(\epsilon^3/\nu)^{1/4}$ increases with $R_\lambda$ consistently with the trend observed for fluid tracers; (iii) the tails of the probability density function of the normalized acceleration $a/a_{\rm rms}$ decrease with St. Two concurrent mechanisms lead to the above results: preferential concentration of particles, very effective at small St, and filtering induced by the particle response time, that takes over at larger St.
Growth hormone modulates hypothalamic inflammation in long‐lived pituitary dwarf mice

Mice in which the genes for growth hormone (GH) or GH receptor (GHR−/−) are disrupted from conception are dwarfs, possess low levels of IGF‐1 and insulin, have low rates of cancer and diabetes, and are extremely long‐lived. Median longevity is also increased in mice with deletion of hypothalamic GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH), which leads to isolated GH deficiency. The remarkable extension of longevity in hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice can be reversed by a 6‐week course of GH injections started at the age of 2 weeks. Here, we demonstrate that mutations that interfere with GH production or response, in the Snell dwarf, Ames dwarf, or GHR−/− mice lead to reduced formation of both orexigenic agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) projections to the main hypothalamic projection areas: the arcuate nucleus (ARH), paraventricular nucleus (PVH), and dorsomedial nucleus (DMH). These mutations also reduce hypothalamic inflammation in 18‐month‐old mice. GH injections, between 2 and 8 weeks of age, reversed both effects in Ames dwarf mice. Disruption of GHR specifically in liver (LiGHRKO), a mutation that reduces circulating IGF‐1 but does not lead to lifespan extension, had no effect on hypothalamic projections or inflammation, suggesting an effect of GH, rather than peripheral IGF‐1, on hypothalamic development. Hypothalamic leptin signaling, as monitored by induction of pStat3, is not impaired by GHR deficiency. Together, these results suggest that early‐life disruption of GH signaling produces long‐term hypothalamic changes that may contribute to the longevity of GH‐deficient and GH‐resistant mice.
Search for a threatening target triggers limbic guidance of spatial attention

The ability to actively locate potential threats in our environment is highly adaptive. To investigate mediating neural mechanisms, we designed a visual search task in which central cues signaled future location and emotional expression (angry or neutral) of a target face. Cues predicting angry targets accelerated subsequent attention shifts, indicating that endogenous signals predicting threatening events can prime the spatial attention network. Functional imaging showed that spatially informative cues activated the fusiform gyrus (FG) as well as frontoparietal components of the spatial attention network, including intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye field (FEF), whereas cues predicting angry faces also activated limbic areas, including the amygdala. Anatomically overlapping, additive effects of spatial and emotional cuing were identified in the IPS, FEFs, and FG, regions that also displayed augmented connectivity with the amygdala after cues predicting angry faces. These data highlight a key role for the frontoparietal spatial attention network in the compilation of a salience map that combines the spatial coordinates of an event with its motivational relevance. Furthermore, they suggest that active search for a threatening stimulus elicits amygdala input to the spatial attention network and inferotemporal visual areas, facilitating the rapid detection of upcoming motivationally significant events.
Computing Lattice BLEU Oracle Scores for Machine Translation

The search space of Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PBSMT) systems can be represented under the form of a directed acyclic graph (lattice). The quality of this search space can thus be evaluated by computing the best achievable hypothesis in the lattice, the so-called oracle hypothesis. For common SMT metrics, this problem is however NP-hard and can only be solved using heuristics. In this work, we present two new methods for efficiently computing BLEU oracles on lattices: the first one is based on a linear approximation of the corpus BLEU score and is solved using the FST formalism; the second one relies on integer linear programming formulation and is solved directly and using the Lagrangian relaxation framework. These new decoders are positively evaluated and compared with several alternatives from the literature for three language pairs, using lattices produced by two PBSMT systems.