Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[The Montreal Cognitive Assessment 7.2--Polish adaptation and research on equivalency].

AIM The Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a screening test for diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment- MCI. Only one version of the method was available in Poland so far. In order to assess progression of cognitive impairment, or to diagnose effectiveness of therapy, two equivalent version of method are needed. English additional version 7.2. was translated and culturally adapted to sustain reliability of the assessment. Then equivalency of both Polish versions was investigated. This paper examines whether both Polish versions of MoCA are equivalent, and describes the process of its cultural adaptation. METHODS 66 psychiatric patients (37 men, 29 women) with different levels of cognitive impairment were examined using both Polish versions of MoCA. Both versions were administered randomly to patients with no time interval in between. RESULTS No significant differences (p=0,601) for total MoCA scores were found between first version of Polish MoCA, and alternate version. Equivalency measured by correlation coefficient Spearman's rho correlation coefficient (rho=0,926) proved to be high. CONCLUSIONS Both Polish versions of MoCA are equivalent, and can be useful in repeated measurement of progress in cognitive impairment or in testing of the effectiveness of treatment.
Tūmanako: Kaupapa Māori informed action research with young mothers

This research is kaupapa Māori informed action research that was carried out in collaboration with a rōpū of young mothers and a local Wellington based film company. Originally intended as an action research project in collaboration with a group of young people to produce a mental health-themed resource, during a series of hui around experiences of the rōpū it became apparent that this project would be devoted to the creation of a short film. Specifically, an inspirational resource for other young mothers. The film was intended to promote hope for other young mothers who are going through the challenges of young parenthood, and offer advice around supports they can access to help them get through such times. This thesis documents how kaupapa Māori principles influenced the development of this resource, and also highlights common experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms and support accessed by the rōpū. Among other themes, it became clear that teen parenthood was not the ‘cause’ of challenges experienced by this rōpū, but a source of motivation and hope for the future.
An Examination of Long-Term Working Memory Capacity

The purpose of this research was to explore experts’ memory capacity and the strategies experts use to achieve that capacity. Expert air traffic controllers were asked to recall traffic information during two radar and two nonradar scenarios. During radar scenarios, air traffic information was communicated aurally and displayed visually. During nonradar scenarios, air traffic information was communicated aurally only. Qualitative recall data assessment revealed an average capacity of five to eight aircraft in radar scenarios and three to six in nonradar scenarios, with two to three details recalled for most recalled aircraft. Recalled details and order of detail recall were highly consistent across experts, which suggest that aircraft details were organized and stored within larger conceptual knowledge structures. Recall patterns were additionally suggestive of frames containing slots designated for holding specific data types, structures described by Klein’s Data/Frame Model of Sensemaking. The extent of information recalled and its organization are additionally consistent with the use of long term working memory to extend working memory capacity; however, they do not rule out the use of working memory alone. Differences between radar and nonradar conditions were observed. Greater overall recall and greater and earlier recall of certain data-tag elements were observed in radar scenarios. In nonradar scenarios, greater and earlier recall of assigned actions were observed. Evaluation of experts’ descriptions of their recall processes suggested primarily visuospatial information encoding in both conditions and a lack of support for differences in the use of visuospatial or verbal encoding.
Multidimensional variation for quasi-Monte Carlo

This paper collects together some properties of multidimensional definitions of the total variation of a real valued function. The subject has been studied for a long time. Many of the results presented here date back at least to the early 1900s. The main reason for revisiting this topic is that there has been much recent work in theory and applications of Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) sampling. For an account of quasi-Monte Carlo integration see Fang and Wang (1994) and Niederreiter (1992). QMC is especially competitive for multidimensional integrands with bounded variation in the sense of Hardy and Krause (BVHK). For such integrands, over d dimensional domains, one sees QMC errors that are O(n−1(log n)) when using n function evaluations. When d = 1, competing methods are usually preferred to QMC. For even modestly large d, Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo sampling become the methods of choice. When the integrand is in BVHK, then QMC has superior asymptotic behavior, compared to Monte Carlo sampling. Therefore we may like to know when a specific function is in BVHK. Recent introductory text books on real analysis typically cover the notion of total variation for functions of a single real variable. Few of them say much about multidimensional variation. The not very recent book, Hobson (1927, Chapter 5), does include some discussion of variation beyond the one dimensional case. Discussions of multidimensional variation usually require ungainly expressions that grow in complexity with the dimension d. For this reason, many authors work out details for d = 2 and report that the same results hold for all d. Yet some results that hold for d = 2 do not hold for d > 2. For example an indicator function in two dimensions must either have positive variation in Vitali’s sense, or must have at least one input variable on which it does not truly depend. The same is not true for d ≥ 3. Similarly, if f(x) and g(x) are linear functions on the d dimensional cube, then min(f(x), g(x)) is BVHK when d = 2 but is not necessarily so when d > 2.
The wheelchair circuit: reliability of a test to assess mobility in persons with spinal cord injuries.

OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability of a 9-task wheelchair circuit. DESIGN Three test trials per subject were conducted by 2 raters. Inter- and intrarater reliability were examined. SETTING Eight rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 27 patients (age, >or=18 y) with spinal cord injury (SCI), all of whom were in the final stage of their inpatient rehabilitation. INTERVENTION A wheelchair circuit was developed to assess mobility in subjects with SCI. The circuit consisted of 9 tasks: figure-of-8 shape, doorstep crossing, mounting a platform, sprint, walking, driving up treadmill slopes of 3% and 6%, wheelchair driving and transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Task feasibility, task performance time, and peak heart rates. RESULTS The number of tasks that subjects could perform varied from 3 to 9. Feasibility intrarater reliability was.98, and the interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was.97. Performance time ICCs ranged from.70 to.99 (mean,.88) for intrarater reliability and from.76 to.98 (mean,.92) for interrater reliability. Heart rate ICCs ranged from.64 to.96 (mean,.81) for intrarater reliability and from.82 to.99 (mean,.89) for interrater reliability. CONCLUSIONS The reliability of the wheelchair circuit was good. More research is needed to assess test validity and responsiveness.
Techniques for Supporting Wide Area Distributed Applications

In this paper we present a number of techniques for supporting distributed applications that span many nodes across administrative boundaries in wide area internetworks. The techniques derive from experiences with research prototypes we have built in a variety of application areas. Several of the prototypes have achieved exceptionally far reaching distribution, operating in conjunction with machines in thousands of sites around the world. The techniques are applicable to a broad range of distributed applications. They concern problems with fault tolerance, administrative decentralization, scalability of operational semantics, organizing decentralized information, controlling the spread of distributed operations, and user interfaces.
The chameleon effect and the stereotypes of nonbelievers held by religious persons

The study aimed to verify whether the chameleon effect can be a used as an effective technique of stereotype modification. It has already been shown that individuals whose behaviors were mimicked showed an increased positive disposition as well as readiness to help not only the mimicker but also other people – and, in general, this seems to be an effective tool of social influence. Persons who adjust their behaviors start to act cooperatively. The pilot study presented here, run as a natural experiment, aimed to employ the chameleon effect in order to modify the stereotype of nonbelievers as perceived by participants declaring themselves to be believers. The results showed that even though mimicry positively influenced the perception of the stereotyped group, the scope of the modification was somewhat patchy. This means that the mechanism can be effectively applied as a means for the modification of stereotypes and prejudices within certain limits. Since this is one of the first studies venturing to explore this area, further work is necessary to delineate the abovementioned limits and the applicability of the measures that we discuss in the final part of this paper.
BMA Performance of Video Coding for Motion Estimation

The major advantages of Block Matching Algorithm is it can reduce the temporal redundancy by placing a direction and magnitude of a Motion Vector (MV) instead of an image block. There are various type of BMA for motion estimation technique have been proposed to enhance the accuracy of the MV of the image block and also to reduce the computational complexity of the BMA for time consuming. This paper investigate and presents a very brief introduction to seven type of famous BMA that are Exhaustive Search, Three Step Search, New Three Step Search, Simple and Efficient Three Step Search, Four Step Search, Diamond Search and Adaptive Rood Pattern Search. This paper also performs all of the seven BMA techniques with different parameter of I and P mode sequence, different search range and also different block size.
Are atheists unprejudiced? Forms of nonbelief and prejudice toward antiliberal and mainstream religious groups.

Building on the ideological-conflict hypothesis, we argue that, beyond the religion-prejudice association, there should exist an irreligion-prejudice association toward groups perceived as actively opposing the values of nonbelievers (antiliberal targets) or even as simply being ideologically different: religionists of mainstream religions. Collecting data from three secularized Western European countries (total N = 1,158), we found that, though both believers and nonbelievers disliked moral and religious antiliberals (antigay activists and fundamentalists), atheists and agnostics showed prejudicial discriminatory attitudes toward antiliberals, but also toward mere Christians, and atheists did so also toward Buddhists. Prejudice toward antiliberal and mainstream religious targets was predicted uniquely by antireligious critique, occasionally in addition to high existential quest for the antiliberal targets, but in addition to low existential quest and low belief in the world’s benevolence for mainstream religionists. Future studies should determine whether the effects are similar, more pronounced, or attenuated in very religious societies.
Understanding user attitudes to augmenting face-to-face interactions with digital and social media

A recent trend in HCI has been to employ wearable technology (such as Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs)) to help provoke and support face-to-face interaction through the presentation of, usually algorithmically matched, media from user social and digital media accounts. Such approaches could effectively support face-to-face interaction in many situations. However, work fails to consider the existing rich practices in how users manage their identity both face-to-face, and with existing social and digital media services. We present the results of 7 in-depth interviews on how users would wish to employ, manage and present social media in face-to-face encounters over a range of contexts and social relationships. We identified the importance of user control in selecting media, particularly when presenting to strangers, and how users would wish to present media to others. Our work provides guidance on how to more effectively employ existing media in face-to-face interaction.
Assessing tree cover in agricultural landscapes using high-resolution aerial imagery

Trees used in agroforestry practices, such as windbreaks, provide a variety of ecosystem benefits and are recognized globally as an important land use. However, efforts to inventory and monitor agroforestry land use have been sporadic, short-lived, or focused on small spatial extents. There are a variety of satellite-derived datasets that provide information about tree cover over broad spatial extents, but most are based on satellite sensors with resolutions too coarse to accurately observe narrow plantings of trees. We derived area estimates of land with tree cover in North Dakota and South Dakota from the National Land Cover Dataset, the Cropland Data Layer, MODIS Vegetative Continuous Fields, and a MODIS land cover product. We compared these image-based estimates to estimates based on in situ observations of forest land from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program.
Sparse Representation of Sounds in the Unanesthetized Auditory Cortex

How do neuronal populations in the auditory cortex represent acoustic stimuli? Although sound-evoked neural responses in the anesthetized auditory cortex are mainly transient, recent experiments in the unanesthetized preparation have emphasized subpopulations with other response properties. To quantify the relative contributions of these different subpopulations in the awake preparation, we have estimated the representation of sounds across the neuronal population using a representative ensemble of stimuli. We used cell-attached recording with a glass electrode, a method for which single-unit isolation does not depend on neuronal activity, to quantify the fraction of neurons engaged by acoustic stimuli (tones, frequency modulated sweeps, white-noise bursts, and natural stimuli) in the primary auditory cortex of awake head-fixed rats. We find that the population response is sparse, with stimuli typically eliciting high firing rates (>20 spikes/second) in less than 5% of neurons at any instant. Some neurons had very low spontaneous firing rates (<0.01 spikes/second). At the other extreme, some neurons had driven rates in excess of 50 spikes/second. Interestingly, the overall population response was well described by a lognormal distribution, rather than the exponential distribution that is often reported. Our results represent, to our knowledge, the first quantitative evidence for sparse representations of sounds in the unanesthetized auditory cortex. Our results are compatible with a model in which most neurons are silent much of the time, and in which representations are composed of small dynamic subsets of highly active neurons.
Pronounced Long-Term Flux Variability of the Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar 1E 1048.1–5937

We present XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of 1E 1048.1-5937, being the first to show evidence for a significant variation in the X-ray luminosity of this anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP). While during the first XMM-Newton (2000 December) and Chandra (2001 July) observations the source had a flux consistent with that measured on previous occasions (~5 × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1), two more recent observations found it at a considerably higher flux level of 2 × 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1 (2002 August; Chandra) and 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1 (2003 June; XMM-Newton). All the spectra are fit by the sum of a blackbody with kT ~ 0.6 keV and a power law with photon index ~3. No significant changes were seen in the spectral parameters, while the pulsed fraction in the 0.6-10 keV energy range decreased from ~90% in 2000 to ~53% in 2003. The spectral invariance does not support the presence of two physically distinct components in the AXP emission. The sparse coverage of the data does not permit us to unambiguously relate the observed variations to the two bursts seen from this source in the fall of 2001.
Modeling Local Area Network Traffic with Markovian Traffic Models

In this work, we assess the suitability of some Markovian models and their associated fitting procedures to describe IP traffic exhibiting long-range dependence. We resort to traffic traces measured at the Institute of Telecommunications – Aveiro Pole. The models under analysis are special cases of Markov Modulated Poisson Processes (MMPPs): 2-MMPP, CMPP (Circulant Markov Poisson Process) and (2 ⊕ M/2)MMPP. These models are evaluated by comparing the density function, the autocovariance and the loss rate queuing behavior of the measured traces and of traces generated from the fitted models. Results show a good agreement for both the CMPP and (2 ⊕ M/2)-MMPP but a reasonable mismatch for the 2-MMPP model.
Teaching play skills to young children with autism

Abstract Background Play is critical for the development of young children and is an important part of their daily routine. However, children with autism often exhibit deficits in play skills and engage in stereotypic behaviour. We reviewed studies to identify effective instructional strategies for teaching play skills to young children with autism. Method Empirical studies on teaching play skills to young children with autism published from 1990 to 2011 were located. These studies included single subject and group designs. Results Twenty-six studies were reviewed. The majority of studies on teaching play skills used combined interventions. Children with autism improved their play skills, with direct intervention embedding their interests during play. Improvements in play skills increased positive social interactions and decreased inappropriate behaviour as collateral effects. Conclusions Further research is needed to develop more effective play skill interventions that assess the functional use of play and are implemented in the natural environment.
Timelines with Temporal Uncertainty

Timelines are a formalism to model planning domains where the temporal aspects are predominant, and have been used in many real-world applications. Despite their practical success, a major limitation is the inability to model temporal uncertainty, i.e. the plan executor cannot decide the duration of some activities.In this paper we make two key contributions. First, we propose a comprehensive, semantically well founded framework that (conservatively) extends with temporal uncertainty the state of the art timeline approach. Second, we focus on the problem of producing time-triggered plans that are robust with respect to temporal uncertainty, under a bounded horizon. In this setting, we present the first complete algorithm, and we show how it can be made practical by leveraging the power of Satisfiability Modulo Theories.
Cortical mapping of genotype–phenotype relationships in schizophrenia

Although schizophrenia is highly heritable, the search for susceptibility genes has been challenging. The “endophenotype” approach is an alternative method for measuring phenotypic variation that may make it easier to identify susceptibility genes in the context of complexly inherited traits. Neuroimaging methods in particular offer a powerful way to bridge the neurobiology of genes and behavior. Such investigations may be further empowered by complementary strategies involving chromosomal abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, which can help to localize causative genes and better understand the genetic complexity of the illness. Here, we illustrate our use of these convergent approaches, with a focus on neuroimaging studies using novel computational brain mapping algorithms, to investigate genetic influences on brain structure in the development of psychosis. These studies provide compelling evidence that specific genetic loci suspected to predispose to schizophrenia may affect quantitative variation in neural indicators underlying the neurobehavioral phenotype, and illustrate how genetic‐neuroimaging paradigms can improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of this highly disabling mental illness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Coping Strategies on Language Anxiety of Japanese EFL Learners: Investigating Willingness to Communicate

While several studies have discovered authentic coping strategies for language anxiety that learners use in actual classroom situations, their effects in terms of anxiety reduction remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of coping strategies on the levels of classroom speaking anxiety among Japanese EFL learners, focusing on five coping strategies extracted by previous research (preparation, relaxation, positive thinking, peer seeking, and resignation). Incidentally, general statistical methods such as correlation and regression analyses should be cautiously used for those two specific constructs (coping strategy and language anxiety), because the difficulty in distinguishing the following two directions (entitled A and B) in one dataset could distort the results: (A) because learners feel more (or less) anxious, they need to use coping strategies more (or less) frequently; (B) because learners use coping strategies more (or less) frequently they feel less (or more) anxious. Therefore, the present study employs “willingness to communicate” as an alternative variable and exploits these statistical approaches to investigate the effects of the coping strategies. The analysis of 149 Japanese EFL learners indicated that preparation and positive thinking were significantly effective strategies for coping with speaking anxiety among the group, both of which are discussed in terms of more general perspectives. The pedagogical implications describe teachers’ responsibilities to enable learners to use these two coping strategies more effectively.
Skin Treatments and Dermatological Procedures to Promote Youthful Skin

The skin, the largest organ of the body, is the organ in which changes associated with aging are most visible. With increasing frequency, patients are requesting information and treatments that improve the appearance of their skin. Corresponding to this trend, there is an increasing number of products and methods available that claim to aid this pursuit. First, a change of the patient's lifestyle (eg, sun behavior, nicotine abuse, and nutrition) must take place. Only then may other methods be used. This article reflects on the following topics: topical retinoids, peels, botulinum neurotoxin, soft tissue fillers, lasers, topical and systemic endocrinological therapies, and phytohormones. A thorough knowledge of the properties (benefits, limitations, and complications) of the expanding array of possibilities for rejuvenation of the skin is essential for any physician treating patients with cosmetic complaints.