Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uterine prolapse in pregnancy

A 32 year old woman gravida 3 para 2 was admitted in her 33 rd week of pregnancy for management of uterine prolapse in pregnancy. Her first child was age of 3 years and was born by forceps assisted vaginal delivery, weighting 3,8 kg. She had no history of uterine prolapse prior to the current pregnancy. In the 12 th week of gestation, she noticed a protrusion from her vagina. She had no other symptoms. She was able to reduce the protrusion regularly. In the 33 rd week of gestation, she presented with uterine contractions. The os of the prolapsed cervix was closed and elongated. Her contractions were successfully inhibited with calcic inhibitors. At 37 weeks of gestation, a viable male infant weighting 2,6 kg was delivered vaginally following rupture of membranes. She progressed well in labour. The placenta was delivered spontaneously. a vaginal ring pessary was inserted two days later to control the prolapse during the period of involution. After 6 months, she had no longer uterine prolapse.
A Prototyping Environment for Dynamic Data Visualisation

This paper describes the model underlying a user interface prototyping system which is designed to support the creation of multi-user, interactive database visualisations. The context of the work is the automation of an air traffic control system; we are concerned with the user interface to the in-flight database. The model is based on active display agents which interact in real-time with the database. The model separates the selection of entities for display, the entity representations and the way in which these representations are presented to specific controllers. The advantages of this model are that it allows multiple database views to be updated concurrently, it allows views to be shared by users at different workstations and it allows a high degree of end-user tailorability. Keyword Codes: H.5. 2; H.5. 3; H.1. 2
OppCast: Opportunistic broadcast ofwarning messages in VANETs with unreliable links

Multi-hop broadcast is a key technique to disseminate important information such as time-sensitive safety warning messages (WMs) in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). Due to the fact that the implementation of broadcast at the link layer uses unreliable transmissions (i.e., lack of positive ACKs), highly reliable, scalable, and fast multi-hop broadcast protocol is particularly difficult to design in VANETs with unreliable links. Schemes that use redundant network layer broadcasts have been proposed. However, the balance between receiving reliability and transmission count in such schemes needs to be carefully considered. In this paper, we propose the opportunistic broadcast protocol (OppCast) that aims at minimizing the number of transmissions while achieving high network packet reception ratio (PRR) and fast multi-hop message propagation simultaneously. A double-phase broadcast strategy is proposed to achieve fast message propagation in one phase and to ensure high PRR in the other. The idea of opportunistic forwarding is exploited at each hop to minimize the propagation latency. An opportunistic forwarding protocol is designed accordingly as a MAC-layer broadcast coordination function, that allows multiple nodes to agree on the actual relay nodes in a distributed fashion. The proposed function also alleviates the hidden terminal problem. Theoretical analysis is carried out to optimize and design both broadcast phases. Extensive simulation results show that, compared with existing competing protocols, OppCast achieves close to 100% PRR and fast dissemination rate under a wide range of vehicle densities, while using significantly smaller number of transmissions.
Mechanisms of inflammation modulation by different immune cells in hypertensive nephropathy

Hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and a chronic inflammatory disease. Persistent hypertension leads to lesions of intrarenal arterioles and arterioles, luminal stenosis, secondary ischemic renal parenchymal damage, and glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Studying the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy is a prerequisite for diagnosis and treatment. The main cause of HTN is poor long-term blood pressure control, but kidney damage is often accompanied by the occurrence of immune inflammation. Some studies have found that the activation of innate immunity, inflammation and acquired immunity is closely related to the pathogenesis of HTN, which can cause damage and dysfunction of target organs. There are more articles on the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy, while there are fewer studies related to immunity in hypertensive nephropathy. This article reviews the mechanisms by which several different immune cells and inflammatory cytokines regulate blood pressure and renal damage in HTN. It mainly focuses on immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines and inhibitors. However, further comprehensive and large-scale studies are needed to determine the role of these markers and provide effective protocols for clinical intervention and treatment.
A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Among all known materials, we found that a forest of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes behaves most similarly to a black body, a theoretical material that absorbs all incident light. A requirement for an object to behave as a black body is to perfectly absorb light of all wavelengths. This important feature has not been observed for real materials because materials intrinsically have specific absorption bands because of their structure and composition. We found a material that can absorb light almost perfectly across a very wide spectral range (0.2–200 μm). We attribute this black body behavior to stem from the sparseness and imperfect alignment of the vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Description and prediction of physical functional disability in psoriatic arthritis: a longitudinal analysis using a Markov model approach.

OBJECTIVE To describe the longitudinal course of physical functioning in patients with psoriatic arthritis. METHODS Between June 1993 and June 2003, 341 patients attending the University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic completed 2 or more Health Assessment Questionnaires (HAQs). At the time of administration of each HAQ, patients were assigned to 1 of 3 physical functional disability states, based on their HAQ score. A Markov model that allowed for transitions to and from these 3 disability states was used to characterize the longitudinal course of physical functioning, as well as to identify factors for both progression and regression of disability. RESULTS Despite patient variability in the course of physical functioning, the following 3 longitudinal patterns were observed: 1) a stable state of disability throughout the entire study period, with 28%, 12%, and 6% of patients experiencing no, moderate, or severe disability, respectively; 2) a steady improvement or deterioration in disability over time (this pattern was observed in 27% of patients); and 3) a fluctuating state of disability, occurring in 27% of the patients. Sex, age, disease duration, number of actively inflamed joints, and number of deformed joints predicted transitions between disability states. CONCLUSION Although 28% of patients appeared resistant to becoming disabled over the duration of this study, the remaining patients were observed either to experience enduring disability or to move between disability states.
Are there dominant membrane protein families with a given number of helices?

In studies of membrane proteins, a focus has developed on groups of proteins possessing a common number of transmembrane helices, e.g., the seven transmembrane helix receptors. Because recent studies have resulted in complete genome sequences for four different organisms,we have scanned these genomes by using a simple hydrophobicity analysis to determine the distribution of groups of proteins sharing a specific number of transmembrane helices. Somewhat surprisingly, we find no obvious domination of any particular protein family; rather, there is a roughly monotone decrease of number of helices from one to fairly substantial numbers. This simple finding suggests that there are many major groups of membrane proteins still to be characterized, and in which commonalities of function may be found as in the seven and twelve TM cases. We analyzed the genomes of Mycoplasma genitalium1 andHaemophilus influenzae2 from Bacteria, Methanococcus jannaschii3 fromArchaea andSaccharomyces cerevisiae4 from Eukarya. Furthermore, because half of the open reading frames from Caenorhabditis eleganshave been sequenced,5 we include an analysis of this genome from a multicellular organism. We used an automated hydrophobicity analysis and the GES scale,6 taking into account signal sequences.7 This analysis resulted in the distributions shown in Figure 1. Each protein family, defined as a group of proteins sharing a given number of putative transmembrane helices, is found in a roughly continuous descending incidence from single helix proteins to highly polytopic proteins. An interesting difference is seen for Caenorhaabditis elegans, in which a substantial population of proteins having many more helical domains is found compared with the simpler organisms. Our finding emphasizes the relatively unexplored character and large abundance of membrane proteins of different classes coded in organismic genomes.
A Combined Wormlike-Chain and Bead Model for Dynamic Simulations of Long Linear DNA

A carefully parameterized and tested simulation procedure for studying the dynamic properties of long linear DNA, based on a representation that combines features of both wormlike-chain and bead models, is presented. Our goals are to verify the model parameters and protocols with respect to all relevant experimental data and equilibrium simulations, to choose the most efficient algorithms, and to test different approximations that increase the speed of the computations. The energy of the linear model chain includes stretching, bending, and electrostatic components. Beads are associated with each vertex of the chain in order to specify the hydrodynamic properties of the DNA. The value of the stretching rigidity constant is chosen to achieve a compromise between the efficiency of the dynamic simulations (since the timestep depends on the stretching constant) and realistic modeling of the DNA (i.e., small deviations of the input contour length); the bead hydrodynamic radius is set to yield agreement with known values of the translational diffusion coefficient. By comparing results from both a first- and a second-order Brownian dynamics algorithm, we find that the two schemes give reasonable accuracy for integration timesteps in the range 200Â? 500 ps. However, the greater accuracy of the second-order algorithm permits timesteps of 600 ps to be used for better accuracy than the 300 ps used in the first-order method. We develop a more efficient second-order algorithm for our model by eliminating the auxiliary calculations of the translational diffusion tensor at each timestep. This treatment does not sacrifice accuracy and reduces the required CPU time by about 50%. We also show that an appropriate monitoring of the chain topology ensures essentially no intrachain crossing. The model details are assessed by comparing simulation-generated equilibrium and dynamic properties with results of Monte Carlo simulations for short linear DNA (300, 600 base pairs) and with experimental results. Very good agreement is obtained with Monte Carlo results for distributions of the end-to-end distance, bond lengths, bond angles between adjacent links, and translational diffusion measurements. Additionally, comparison of translational diffusion coefficients with experimentally-measured values for DNA chains (of 367, 762, 1010, 2311 base pairs) shows excellent agreement as well. This lends confidence to the predictive ability of our model and sets the groundwork for further work on circular DNA. We conclude with results of such a predictive measurement, the autocorrelation time, for the end-to-end distance and the bending angle as a function of DNA length. Rotational diffusion measurements for different DNA lengths (300 to 2311 base pairs) are also presented.
Human tympanic membrane. An ultrastructural observation.

Submicroscopic details of the human tympanic membrane were studied utilizing a transmission electron microscope (T. E. M.) and a scanning electron microscope (S. E. M.) Three layers were distinctly recognized; outer epidermal, middle lamina propria and inner mucous layer. In pars flaccida, the middle lamina propria is formed of loose connective tissues with abundant elastic and collagen fibers. On the other hand, in the pars tensa, the middle lamina propria is formed of outer radial and inner circular fibers. Besides these two types of fibers, parabolic fibers were observed between the radial and circular fibers. The fibrils of the para tensa fibers are rectangular in cross-sectional view and are mixed with varying amounts of collagen fibrils. As in animals, the human pars flaccida was considerably thicker than the pars tensa, contrary to the popular concept that they are thinner.
Semaphorin-1a Is Required for Aedes aegypti Embryonic Nerve Cord Development

Although mosquito genome projects have uncovered orthologues of many known developmental regulatory genes, extremely little is known about mosquito development. In this study, the role of semaphorin-1a (sema1a) was investigated during vector mosquito embryonic ventral nerve cord development. Expression of sema1a and the plexin A (plexA) receptor are detected in the embryonic ventral nerve cords of Aedes aegypti (dengue vector) and Anopheles gambiae (malaria vector), suggesting that Sema1a signaling may regulate mosquito nervous system development. Analysis of sema1a function was investigated through siRNA-mediated knockdown in A. aegypti embryos. Knockdown of sema1a during A. aegypti development results in a number of nerve cord phenotypes, including thinning, breakage, and occasional fusion of the longitudinal connectives, thin or absent commissures, and general distortion of the nerve cord. Although analysis of Drosophila melanogaster sema1a loss-of-function mutants uncovered many similar phenotypes, aspects of the longitudinal phenotypes differed between D. melanogaster and A. aegypti. The results of this investigation suggest that Sema1a is required for development of the insect ventral nerve cord, but that the developmental roles of this guidance molecule have diverged in dipteran insects.
The Transcriptional Response of Cryptococcus neoformans to Ingestion by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Macrophages Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Adaptation to the Mammalian Host

ABSTRACT Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans for mammals, and in particular its intracellular style, was proposed to emerge from evolutionary pressures on its natural environment by protozoan predation, which promoted the selection of strategies that allow intracellular survival in macrophages. In fact, Acanthamoeba castellanii ingests yeast cells, which then can replicate intracellularly. In addition, most fungal factors needed to establish infection in the mammalian host are also important for survival within the amoeba. To better understand the origin of C. neoformans virulence, we compared the transcriptional profile of yeast cells internalized by amoebae and murine macrophages after 6 h of infection. Our results showed 656 and 293 genes whose expression changed at least 2-fold in response to the intracellular environments of amoebae and macrophages, respectively. Among the genes that were found in both groups, we focused on open reading frame (ORF) CNAG_05662, which was potentially related to sugar transport but had no determined biological function. To characterize its function, we constructed a mutant strain and evaluated its ability to grow on various carbon sources. The results showed that this gene, named PTP1 (polyol transporter protein 1), is involved in the transport of 5- and 6-carbon polyols such as mannitol and sorbitol, but its presence or absence had no effect on cryptococcal virulence for mice or moth larvae. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the capacity for mammalian virulence originated from fungus-protozoan interactions in the environment and provide a better understanding of how C. neoformans adapts to the mammalian host.
PACK: Prediction-Based Cloud Bandwidth and Cost Reduction System

In this paper, we present PACK (Predictive ACKs), a novel end-to-end traffic redundancy elimination (TRE) system, designed for cloud computing customers. Cloud-based TRE needs to apply a judicious use of cloud resources so that the bandwidth cost reduction combined with the additional cost of TRE computation and storage would be optimized. PACK's main advantage is its capability of offloading the cloud-server TRE effort to end-clients, thus minimizing the processing costs induced by the TRE algorithm. Unlike previous solutions, PACK does not require the server to continuously maintain clients' status. This makes PACK very suitable for pervasive computation environments that combine client mobility and server migration to maintain cloud elasticity. PACK is based on a novel TRE technique, which allows the client to use newly received chunks to identify previously received chunk chains, which in turn can be used as reliable predictors to future transmitted chunks. We present a fully functional PACK implementation, transparent to all TCP-based applications and network devices. Finally, we analyze PACK benefits for cloud users, using traffic traces from various sources.
Hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury exacerbates neuronal apoptosis and precipitates spontaneous seizures in glucose transporter isoform 3 heterozygous null mice

We examined the effects of 45‐min hypoxia (FiO2 0.08; Hx) vs. normoxia (FiO2 0.21; Nx) on the ipsilateral (Ipsi) and contralateral (Ctrl) sides of the brain in neuronal glucose transporter isoform 3 (Glut3) heterozygous null mice (glut3+/−) and their wild‐type littermates (WT), undergoing unilateral carotid artery ligation. Glut3+/− mice, under Nx, demonstrated a compensatory increase in blood–brain barrier/glial Glut1 protein concentration and a concomitant increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) enzyme activity and Bax protein, with a decrease in procaspase 3 protein (P < 0.05 each). After Hx, reoxygenation in FiO2 of 0.21 led to no comparable adaptive up‐regulation of the ipsilateral brain Glut3 or Glut1 protein at 4 hr and Glut1 at 24 hr in glut3+/− vs. WT. These brain Glut changes in glut3+/− but not WT mice were associated with an increase in proapoptotic Bax protein and caspase‐3 enzyme activity (P < 0.01 each) and a decline in the antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 and procaspase‐3 proteins (P < 0.05 each). Glut3+/− mice after Hx demonstrated TUNEL‐positive neurons with nuclear pyknosis in most ipsilateral (hypoxic‐ischemia) brain regions. A subset (∼55%) of glut3+/− mice developed spontaneous seizures after hypoxic‐ischemia, confirmed by electroencephalography, but the WT mice remained seizure‐free. Pentylenetetrazole testing demonstrated an increased occurrence of longer lasting clinical seizures at a lower threshold in glut3+/− vs. WT mice, with no detectable differences in monamine neurotransmitters. We conclude that hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in glut3+/− mice exacerbates cellular apoptosis and necrosis and precipitates spontaneous seizures. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of an Asymmetric Leader Election Algorithm

We consider a leader election algorithm in which a set of distributed objects (people, computers, etc.) try to identify one object as their leader. The election process is randomized, that is, at every stage of the algorithm those objects that survived so far flip a biased coin, and those who received, say a tail, survive for the next round. The process continues until only one objects remains. Our interest is in evaluating the limiting distribution and the rst two moments of the number of rounds needed to select a leader. We establish precise asymptotics for the rst two moments, and show that the asymptotic expression for the duration of the algorithm exhibits some periodic fluctuations and consequently no limiting distribution exists. These results are proved by analytical techniques of the precise analysis of algorithms such as: analytical poissonization and depoissonization, Mellin transform, and complex analysis.
SOCIAL SKILLS DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION Chris Segrin University of Arizona

This article reviews the empirical evidence of impaired social skills associated with depression. Conceptualizations of social skills are examined followed by evidence from self-report, observer-rating, and behavioral assessments of depressed people’s social skills. Evidence of social skills deficits in children with depression and in people with bipolar disorder is also examined. The effectiveness of social skills training as a treatment of depression is evaluated. Three different theoretical relationships between disrupted social skills and depression are described and evaluated, including poor social skills as a cause of depression, depression as a cause of poor social skills, and poor social skills as a vulnerability factor in the development of depression. Currently, there is some evidence to support each of these conceptualizations, as the relationship between poor social skills and depression can take a variety of forms. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Neural Variational Inference for Text Processing

Recent advances in neural variational inference have spawned a renaissance in deep latent variable models. In this paper we introduce a generic variational inference framework for generative and conditional models of text. While traditional variational methods derive an analytic approximation for the intractable distributions over latent variables, here we construct an inference network conditioned on the discrete text input to provide the variational distribution. We validate this framework on two very different text modelling applications, generative document modelling and supervised question answering. Our neural variational document model combines a continuous stochastic document representation with a bag-of-words generative model and achieves the lowest reported perplexities on two standard test corpora. The neural answer selection model employs a stochastic representation layer within an attention mechanism to extract the semantics between a question and answer pair. On two question answering benchmarks this model exceeds all previous published benchmarks.
Sleep Contributes to the Strengthening of Some Memories Over Others, Depending on Hippocampal Activity at Learning

Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting “to be remembered” and “to be forgotten” information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.