Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seldom Seen, Rarely Heard: Women's Place In Psychology

Prologue: re-viewing psychology re-placing women - an end looking for a means, Janis S. Bohan. Part 1 Through a feminist prism - women's place in psychology: psychology constructs the female, or the fantasy life of the male psychologist (with some attention to the fantasies of his friends the male biologist and the male anthropologist), Naomi Weisstein functionalism, Darwinism and the psychology of women - a study in social myth, Stephanie A. Shields bias in psychology, Carolyn Wood Sherif through the looking glass - no wonderland yet! (the reciprocal relationship between methodology and models of reality, Rhoda Kesler Unger the devaluation of women's competence, Bernice Lott. Part 2 Re-viewing psychology - a constructionist perspective: the measurement of masculinity and femininity - engendering categorical realities, J.G. Morawski the meaning of difference - gender theory, postmodernism and psychology, Rachel T. Hare-Mustin and Jeanne Marecek psychology reconstructs the female, 1968-1988, Mary Crawford and J. Marecek. Part 3 Re-constructing psychology, re-placing women: metatheoretical dilemmas in the psychology of gender, Michele Andrisin Wittig integrating the feminist critique and the crisis in social psychology - another look at research methods, Barbara Strudler Wallston and Kathleen E. Grady placing women in the history of psychology - the first American women psychologist, Laurel Furumoto and Elizabeth Scarborough family change and gender differences - implications for theory and practice, R.T. Hare-Mustin. Part 4 Women-inclusive psychology - new answers, new questions: doing gender, Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman the psychology of women and conservatism - rediscovering social change, Arnold S. Kahn and Janice D. Yoder feminism, psychology and the paradox of power, Celia Kitzinger differing with deconstruction - a feminist critique, Erica Burman.
ERP Evidence for Scarce Rule Representation in Older Adults Following Short, but Not Long Preparatory Intervals

The focus of the present study was to examine the cognitive processes comprising advance preparation – rule representation, task-set updating, and task-set reconfiguration – in young (20–25 years) and older adults (61–83 years). Specifically, this study aimed at further characterizing age-related differences in advance preparation, and evaluating how additional time to prepare might reduce behavioral costs in older adults. In line with previous findings, reaction time mixing costs were slightly larger for older compared to young adults, whereas behavioral switch costs were age-invariant. Following short preparation (600 ms), smaller antero-frontal event-related potential (ERP) correlates of rule representation were associated with pronounced congruency costs in older adults. Centro-parietal ERP correlates of task-set updating and task-set reconfiguration were not delayed, but smaller in magnitude for older compared to young adults. Longer preparation (1200 ms) enabled older adults to re-activate relevant task rules, as evident in reduced congruency costs, and temporally sustained ERP correlates of task-set updating and rule representation well beyond 600 ms. Age-invariant switch costs appear related to additional, potentially compensatory frontal activity recruited by older adults to overcome difficulties in task-set reconfiguration.
Biology and ethology of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811). I. Life cycle, amount of blood ingested, resistance of starvation, and size of adults.

The life cycle of Triatoma dimidiata in the laboratory (at about 23°C and 75% RH) takes, as a mean, 11 months. This is reduced to about 8 months at a constant temperature of 26.5 + 0.5°C and 50 ± 5% RH. The cycle is probably considerably longer in nature, due to the very low aggressiveness of this species. Mean amount of blood ingested by the nymphs increases with the stadium and extreme mean values range from 4.5 mg for the first instar to 421.3 mg for the fifth. The values for the adults, based on 1 meal, vary from 141.0 to 290.4 mg for the male (mean: 220.0 mg) and 156.0 to 425.2 mg for the female (mean: 282.6 mg). The latter are more voracious than the males and can eat from 4105.4 to 9643.6 mg of blood during adulthood as compared with 952.3 to 5329.2 mg for the males. Starvation is resisted in direct relationship to the age of the nymphs. Insects fed once in a given instar survive considerably longer than those unfed. Maximum survival without a blood meal was 10-1/2 months for the fifth instar nymphs. Adults withstand starvation less well than fourth and fifth instar nymphs with no difference between males and females. Insects from the field and those reared in the laboratory represent different populations as far as the size of the adults are concerned. Mean values in length and width for females and males are respectively: 33.6 by 14.4 mm and 31.3 by 13.1 mm for those from the field, and 29.0 by 11.9 mm and 27.4 by 11.1 mm for the laboratory ones. This is attributed to more frequent feeding of the insects caught in the field.
ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG PORTUGUESE ADOLESCENTS: THE MODERATION EFFECT OF NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS

Adolescence is a period characterized by physiological and psychosocial changes. When these transformations are not well integrated by the adolescent, the development of psychopathology can occur, namely depression and anxiety disorders. These conditions have consequences in interpersonal and academic life areas of teens. Social withdrawal, irritability, sleeping problems and attention difficulties are associated with low academic achievement ([1], [2]). The experience of negative life events (NLE) by adolescents can also modify their normal trajectory. The aims of this study were to examine: i) the association between sociodemographic variables with anxiety; ii) the relationships between anxiety, depression and academic achievement; iii) the moderator effect of negative life events in the relationship between anxiety and depression. The sample was composed by 319 adolescents (217 female and 102 male), aged between 13 to 15 years. The assessment protocol used was: Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) [3], Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) [4], and Daily Hassles Microsystem Scale (DHMS) [5]. The results showed that girls present more anxiety symptoms than boys. Concerning to age, there was no significant correlation between age and anxiety. Adolescents with separate parents obtained higher levels of somatic symptoms and performance fear. Relating to scholar context, there was no significant relationship between anxiety levels and the experience of reprobation. Concerning academic achievement, we obtained a positive and significant correlation between academic achievement and the harm avoidance factor. Anxiety and NLE were predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescence and a moderation effect was obtained of NLE in the relationship between anxiety (separation anxiety and harm avoidance) and depression. One of the main contributions of this research relates to the clarification of the impact of NLE and anxiety as risk factors for the development of depression. These results can have important implications for depression prevention programs and for the promotion of school success.
‘Local (People) Mean the World to US’: Australia's Regional Newspapers and the ‘Closer to Readers’ Assumption

The intersections between journalism and democracy are explored in this paper through an analysis of the ‘voices’ through which the news is ‘told’ by specific segments of the Australian print media. We argue that evidence of the extent to which a newspaper fulfils its roles to democracy and society is partially found in the range of sources quoted in the news stories it publishes, and in the prominence and dominance it gives to various types of sources in those stories. Our goal was to quantify the validity of the widely held assumption that, in Australia, regional newspapers are closer than metropolitan newspapers to their readers. This suggestion guided our content analysis of the types of news story sources quoted or paraphrased in the general news published in four regional newspapers and one metropolitan newspaper in one Australian state. The assumption of closeness to readers for Australian regional newspapers did not hold up well in this test.
Ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: correlates and caveats

effect of thrombolytic therapy is not influenced by the smoking status of the patient. The relevance of these findings for daily cardiological practice may be modest because, quite rightly, acute treatment decisions should not be based on the smoking status of the patient presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. On the other hand, the smoker’s paradox has been rebutted by the Greek study and the prognosis of the smoker with an acute coronary event now seems clearer and less of a paradox than previously. While it is unlikely that these findings will receive much attention outside the medical community, the data enable us, at least, to deliver a clear and straightforward message to all smokers, whether they are patients or still healthy. That is, in my opinion, the most welcome contribution from the Greek study. J. W. DECKERS Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Stromal-Derived Factor-1&agr; Correlates With Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and With Acute Lesion Volume in Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose— Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are important participants of neovascularization and are mobilized through signaling with stromal-derived factor (SDF-1&agr;), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and stem cell factor. The association between EPC levels and these growth factors (GF) in acute stroke has not been previously established. We aimed to determine the association between EPC and these GF, and to elucidate a relationship between these GF and stroke severity in acute stroke patients. Methods— Seventeen patients were selected from 175 patients with imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke. EPC were quantified using CD34, CD133, and VEGF-R2 markers. Plasma VEGF, SDF-1&agr;, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and stem cell factor were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 1 and 3, and brain MRI was performed at baseline and on days 1 and 5 after the stroke onset. Results— Levels of SDF-1&agr; strongly (r=0.6) correlated with the numbers of EPC subsets CD133+VEFG-R2+ (P<0.004), CD34+VEGF-R2+ (P<0.01), and CD34+CD133+VEGF-R2+ (P<0.01) on day 1. Stem cell factor strongly (r=0.5) correlated with CD133+VEGF-R2+ (P<0.05). SDF-1&agr; moderately inversely (r=−0.49) correlated with baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volumes (P<0.04). Median levels of SDF-1&agr; (1561 pg/mL) increased (P<0.04) on day 3 compared to day 1 (1379 pg/mL). Similarly, VEGF at day 3 (95 pg/mL) increased (P<0.03) compared to day 1 (64 pg/mL). Conclusions— These results indicate that SDF-1&agr; and stem cell factor correlate with an increase in EPC early in ischemic stroke patients.
Improvement of Postnatal Neovascularization by Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells

Background—Several studies have suggested that stem cells are present in the stroma-vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue (AT). Methods and Results—To characterize the cell populations that compose the SVF of human AT originating from subcutaneous and visceral depots, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was performed by use of fluorescent antibodies directed against the endothelial and stem cell markers CD31, CD34, CD133, and ABCG2. The freshly harvested SVF contained large numbers of CD34+ cells as well as cells expressing CD133 and ABCG2. Further analysis of the CD34+ cells revealed 2 CD34+ cell populations with differential expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31. Selection of the CD34+/CD31− cells by use of magnetic microbeads, followed by cell culture, demonstrated that this cell population could differentiate under appropriate conditions into endothelial cells. Moreover, in mouse ischemic hindlimb, intravenous injection of CD34+/CD31− cells was associated with an increase in the blood flow and the capillary density and an incorporation of the cells in the leg vasculature. Conclusions—Our data indicate the presence of a cell population within the SVF of human AT characterized as CD34+/CD31− exhibiting characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells. Therefore, human AT might represent a source of stem/progenitor cells useful for cell therapy to improve vasculogenesis in adults.
Effect of organophosphate intoxication on human serum paraoxonase

Recently, interindividual variations in serum paraoxonase (PON1) activity and the differences in its metabolic activity towards different organophosphates (OPs) caused by the coding region polymorphisms L55M and Q192R have been found to be important risk factors in susceptibility to OP poisoning. In this study, we investigated the effect of PON1 on the outcome of acute OP intoxication and the effect of acute OP intoxication on PON1. Twenty-eight OP-poisoned patients and 66 healthy volunteers were studied. Patients were evaluated for the clinical manifestations of OP intoxication as well as PON1 activity, PON1 mass and PON1 polymorphisms. Butyrylcholine-esterase (BChE) activity was 50% lower (2276±738 U/L versus 5037±1553 U/L, P<0.01) while PON1 activity was 30% lower (114.2±67.4 nmol/mL/min versus 152.9±78.9 nmol/mL/ min, P<0.05) in patients than in controls. We observed that the PON1 and BChE activities of eight of the original subjects returned to normal levels when they were reinvestigated six months after exposure. The frequency of the PON192Q allele was significantly higher in patients than controls (85.7% versus 59.7%, χ 2=6.745, P=0.034). QQ/MM individuals had the lowest activity towards paraoxon, while RR/LL individuals had the highest activity. Our data indicate that interindividual differences in PON1 activity and the PON1-55 and-192 polymorphisms are important risk factors in susceptibility to acute OP poisoning; therefore, identifying an individual's PON1 alloenzymes may play an important role in the treatment of patients suffering from OP intoxication.
Does the How Mediate the Why? A Multiple Replication Examination of Drinking Motives, Alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies, and Alcohol Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The present study attempted to assess the evidence of use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as a mediator in the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol outcomes. Specifically, to understand various statistical approaches in modeling this proposed mediation model (e.g., drinking motives to PBS use to alcohol outcomes), we tried to replicate models based on earlier research. METHOD To maximize the robustness of our replication attempts, we conducted each replication attempt across two distinct data sets whenever possible. Participants were recruited from psychology department research pools at a large southeastern U.S. university (Sample 1; n = 774) and a large southwestern U.S. university (Sample 2; n = 594). We matched the original articles' analytic procedures as closely as possible including overall analysis approach, measurement of variables, and inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS Consistent with previous studies, we found that PBS use may be a mechanism through which both positively reinforcing (i.e., social and enhancement) motives and coping motives relate to alcohol outcomes (e.g., alcohol-related consequences). Specifically, students who tend to drink for these specific motives appear to use fewer PBS, which may place them at risk for heavier, more problematic drinking. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that when drinking motives are examined separately, they demonstrate differential relationships with PBS use and alcohol outcomes. Overall, it is clear that PBS use plays a role in the drinking motives-alcohol outcomes relationship, but this role varies by type of motive.
Replacement of the femoral head by a prosthesis in subcapital fractures

available for review, including 121 fresh fractures, 5 fractures in which a nailing operation had failed, and 5 pathological fractures resulting from metastatic carcinomatous deposits. The fractures occurred in 112 women and 19 men. The average age was 73.8 years and the age distribution is shown in Fig. I . The 4 patients younger than 60 years had pathological fractures. The 20 fractures in the 60-69 age-group occurred either in patients who were physiologically older than their years or in whom it was felt that osteoporosis was so advanced that internal fixation of the fracture would be likely to fail.
Medium-term Outcomes of Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Implantation in Bangkok, Thailand

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the medium-term outcomes after Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis surgery in patients with poor prognosis for standard keratoplasty. Methods: A prospective study of a case series was conducted at a university-based referral center from 2006 to 2013. Forty-two eyes of 40 patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years were recruited. The main outcome measures included best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), keratoprosthesis retention, and complications. Results: The mean follow-up was 64.9 ± 15.2 months (range, 48–88 months). At 1 week, 90.5% had an improvement in BSCVA by ≥2 lines compared with that in preoperative BSCVA. The best-ever vision was reached by the end of 6 months. Nevertheless, 39.5% (15/38) could not maintain the improved vision. The major etiology of visual deterioration after initial gains was glaucoma (60%). The initial keratoprosthesis retention rate was 80.9%, corresponding to a failure rate of 4 per 100 eye-years or 0.04/eye-year. Autoimmune diagnosis was the independent risk factor for keratoprosthesis failure (hazard ratio, 5.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–22.85; P = 0.014). The common postoperative complications were glaucoma, retroprosthetic membrane, corneal melting, infectious keratitis, and endophthalmitis. Conclusions: Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis is an alternative for patients who are not candidates for corneal transplants. However, there was a trend toward visual loss over time most commonly because of progressive glaucoma. Therefore, appropriate patient selection, lifelong follow-up, and early aggressive treatment of complications are recommended.
Diffusion and Impacts of the Internet and E-commerce in China

Diffusion and Impacts of the Internet and E-Commerce in China February 2004 ZIXIANG (ALEX) TAN 1 WU OUYANG 2 School of Information Studies Syracuse University, USA ztan@syr.edu CIIED Chinese Academy of Social Science This research is part of the Globalization and E-Commerce project of the Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations (CRITO) at the University of California, Irvine. This material is based upon work funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0085852. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions reflected in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations University of California, Irvine | www.crito. uci.edu
Object Relations in Depression: A Return to Theory

Depression Today: A Critical Point in Understanding and Treatment. Freud's Theory of Depression. Karl Abraham's Theory of Depression. Melanie Klein's Theory of Depression. When the Body Gets Depressed: Henri Rey. Winnicott on Depression. A Note on Fairbairn's Concept of 'Futility'. Analytic Sub-types of Depression. A Theoretical Contribution to the Problem of Relapse. The Correlation Between Dream Work and the Work of Mourning. Case Study: A Type of Identification Found in Depression-related Loss. The Depressed Child: The Scandal of Prescribing Antidepressants. Freud's Depression. Klein's Depression. Bion's Depression.
Barrages of Synaptic Activity Control the Gain and Sensitivity of Cortical Neurons

Ongoing synaptic activity, ever present in cortical neurons, may vary widely in its amplitude and characteristics, potentially having a strong influence on neuronal processing. Intracellular recordings in layer 5 pyramidal cells in prefrontal and visual cortical slices maintained in vitro revealed spontaneous periods of synaptic bombardment. Testing the responsiveness of these cortical cells to synaptic inputs or the injection of artificial excitatory postsynaptic conductances of various amplitudes revealed that background synaptic activity dramatically increased the probability of response to small inputs, decreased the slope of the input-output curve, and decreased both the latency and jitter of action potential activation. Examining the effects of different components of synaptic barrages (namely, depolarization, increase in membrane conductance, and increase in membrane potential variance) revealed that the effects observed were dominated by the membrane depolarization and increase in variance. Depolarization increased the peak cross-correlation between injected complex in vivo-like waveforms through enhancement of responsiveness to small inputs, whereas increases in variance did so through a shift in firing mode from one of threshold detection to probabilistic discharge. These results indicate that rapid increases in neuronal responsiveness, as well as increases in spike timing precision, can be achieved through balanced barrages of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity.
Frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing urinary isolates of Gram-negative bacilli among patients seen in a multispecialty hospital in Vellore district, India

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains of Coliform bacilli are on the rise and present a major threat especially in India. We assessed the frequency of ESBL producers among urinary isolates from patients presenting urinary tract infections. ESBL screening was done using Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and confirmed using E-test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). With E-test, 92.2% were positive for ESBL. In PCR, 100% strains were positive for any of the three gene targets tested. CTX-M was positive in majority of the strains followed by TEM and SHV. Two (3.22%) strains were positive for all the three genes; 21% strains were positive for both TEM and CTX-M genes. There was no statistically significant difference in the findings of E-test and PCR testing in the determination of ESBL producers (Fisher exact test P = 0.15). The strength of agreement between them was ′fair′ (k = 0.252). Continuous monitoring of ESBL producers among Indian strains is important to rationalize the antibiotic policy to be followed.
RUNAWAY SEXUAL SELECTION WHEN FEMALE PREFERENCES ARE DIRECTLY SELECTED

Abstract We introduce models for the runaway coevolution of female mating preferences and male display traits. The models generalize earlier results by allowing for direct natural selection on the preference, arbitrary forms of mate choice, and fairly general assumptions about the underlying genetics. Results show that a runaway is less likely when there is direct selection on the preference, but that it is still possible if there is a sufficiently large phenotypic correlation between the female's preference and the male's trait among mated pairs. Comparison of three preference functions introduced by Lande (1981) shows that open-ended preferences are particularly prone to a runaway, and that absolute preferences require very large differences between females in their preferences. We analyze the causes of the runaway seen in a model developed by Iwasa and Pomiankowski (1995). Editor: M. Whitlock