Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Lignan and Stilbenoid Mixture Shows Anticarcinogenic Efficacy in Preclinical PC-3M-luc2 Prostate Cancer Model

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer of men in the Western world, and novel approaches for prostate cancer risk reduction are needed. Plant-derived phenolic compounds attenuate prostate cancer growth in preclinical models by several mechanisms, which is in line with epidemiological findings suggesting that consumption of plant-based diets is associated with low risk of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a novel lignan-stilbenoid mixture in PC-3M-luc2 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts. Lignan and stilbenoid –rich extract was obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) knots. Pine knot extract as well as stilbenoids (methyl pinosylvin and pinosylvin), and lignans (matairesinol and nortrachelogenin) present in pine knot extract showed antiproliferative and proapoptotic efficacy at ≥40 μM concentration in vitro. Furthermore, pine knot extract derived stilbenoids enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis already at ≥10 μM concentrations. In orthotopic PC-3M-luc2 xenograft bearing immunocompromized mice, three-week peroral exposure to pine knot extract (52 mg of lignans and stilbenoids per kg of body weight) was well tolerated and showed anti-tumorigenic efficacy, demonstrated by multivariate analysis combining essential markers of tumor growth (i.e. tumor volume, vascularization, and cell proliferation). Methyl pinosylvin, pinosylvin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, as well as resveratrol, a metabolite of pinosylvin, were detected in serum at total concentration of 7−73 μM, confirming the bioavailability of pine knot extract derived lignans and stilbenoids. In summary, our data indicates that pine knot extract is a novel and cost-effective source of resveratrol, methyl pinosylvin and other bioactive lignans and stilbenoids. Pine knot extract shows anticarcinogenic efficacy in preclinical prostate cancer model, and our in vitro data suggests that compounds derived from the extract may have potential as novel chemosensitizers to TRAIL. These findings promote further research on health-related applications of wood biochemicals.
How much would you like to pay? Trust, reciprocity and prosocial motivations in El trato

Prosocial motivations and reciprocity are becoming increasingly important in social-science research. While laboratory experiments have challenged the assumption of universal selfishness, the external validity of these results has not been sufficiently tested in natural settings. In this article we examine the role of prosocial motivations and reciprocity in a Pay What You Want (PWYW) sales strategy, in which consumers voluntarily decide how much to pay for a product or service. This article empirically analyses the only PWYW example in Spain to date: the El trato (‘The deal’) campaign launched by the travel company Atrápalo, which offered different holiday packages under PWYW conditions in July 2009. Our analysis shows that, although the majority of the customers did not behave in a purely self-interested manner, they nonetheless did so in a much higher proportion than observed in similar studies. We present different hypotheses about the mechanisms that may explain these findings. Specifically, we highlight the role of two plausible explanations: the framing of the campaign and the attribution of ‘hidden’ preferences to Atrápalo by its customers, which undermined the interpretation of El trato as a trust game.
Two Generations of Contemporary Russian Journalists

This study explores the professional roles of Russian journalists, from the perspective of 30 practitioners working in St Petersburg at the end of the 1990s. The aim is to describe how journalism has developed, what attitudes and work values professionals hold and what the prospects for the future of journalism are. A central finding is that there are two types of professional roles within contemporary journalism, representing two types of professional subculture: the old generation (practitioners of the Soviet era) and the new generation (who have joined the profession since 1990). Whereas the old generation continues to hold a cultivated view of journalism as an important societal task in natural collaboration with those in authority, the new generation is orientated towards the contemporary role of providing entertainment and perceives journalism rather as a PR role for the benefit of influential groups and people in politics and business. Despite their polarities, both generations of journalism accept the political function of journalism as a propaganda machine for the power elite during elections and other important events
Robust Hyperspectral Image Classification by Multi-Layer Spatial-Spectral Sparse Representations

Sparse representation (SR)-driven classifiers have been widely adopted for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, and many algorithms have been presented recently. However, most of the existing methods exploit the single layer hard assignment based on class-wise reconstruction errors on the subspace assumption; moreover, the single-layer SR is biased and less stable due to the high coherence of the training samples. In this paper, motivated by category sparsity, a novel multi-layer spatial-spectral sparse representation (mlSR) framework for HSI classification is proposed. The mlSR assignment framework effectively classifies the test samples based on the adaptive dictionary assembling in a multi-layer manner and intrinsic class-dependent distribution. In the proposed framework, three algorithms, multi-layer SR classification (mlSRC), multi-layer collaborative representation classification (mlCRC) and multi-layer elastic net representation-based classification (mlENRC) for HSI, are developed. All three algorithms can achieve a better SR for the test samples, which benefits HSI classification. Experiments are conducted on three real HSI image datasets. Compared with several state-of-the-art approaches, the increases of overall accuracy (OA), kappa and average accuracy (AA) on the Indian Pines image range from 3.02% to 17.13%, 0.034 to 0.178 and 1.51% to 11.56%, respectively. The improvements in OA, kappa and AA for the University of Pavia are from 1.4% to 21.93%, 0.016 to 0.251 and 0.12% to 22.49%, respectively. Furthermore, the OA, kappa and AA for the Salinas image can be improved from 2.35% to 6.91%, 0.026 to 0.074 and 0.88% to 5.19%, respectively. This demonstrates that the proposed mlSR framework can achieve comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art classification methods.
Numerical analysis of viscous flow through fibrous media: a model for glomerular basement membrane permeability.

Viscous flow through fibrous media is characterized macroscopically by the Darcy permeability (KD). The relationship between KD and the microscopic structure of the medium has been the subject of experimental and theoretical investigations. Calculations of KD based on the solution of the hydrodynamic flow at fiber scale exist in literature only for two-dimensional arrays of parallel fibers. We considered a fiber matrix consisting of a three-dimensional periodic array of cylindrical fibers with uniform radius (r) and length connected in a tetrahedral structure. According to recent ultrastructural studies, this array of fibers can represent a model for the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The Stokes flow through the periodic array was simulated using a Galerkin finite element method. The dimensionless ratio K* = KD/r2 was determined for values of the fractional solid volume (phi) in the range 0.005 < or = phi < or = 0.7. We compared our numerical results, summarized by an interpolating formula relating K* to phi, with previous theoretical determinations of hydraulic permeability in fibrous media. We found a good agreement with the Carman-Kozeny equation only for phi > 0.4. Among the other theoretical analysis considered, only that of Spielman and Goren (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2: 279-287, 1968) gives satisfactory agreement in the whole range of phi considered. These results can be useful to model combined transport of water and macromolecules through the GBM for the estimation of the radius and length of extracellular protein fibrils.
Intentionality and awareness: A qualitative study of clients' perceptions of change during longer term counselling

Abstract This study exlores the experience of clients in longer term counselling from the point of view of changes perceived by the clients to themselves and their outlook; and their understanding of how these changes have come about. A brief overview of some relevant literature is provided. Unstructured interviews were carried out with four clients who were seen as having been successfully involved in counselling. Transcripts of the interviews were subejcted to grounded theory analysis. An analysis of the emerging categories of data is given followed by a discussion in relation to other counselling research. All clients seemed tio feel more in control of their lives, this involving a complex of factors, specifically: increased self-awareness; confidence; insight; ability to make decisions and act to influence events; and assertiveness. All clients attributed these changes in large part to counselling. Contributions to the change process seem to come from aspects of the counsellor-client relationship (not.
Corporate values as multi‐level, multi‐domain antecedents of leader behaviors

Purpose – This paper seeks to argue that leadership is a purposive process, which is value‐transcendent, and to suggest that organizations, and leadership systems within organizations, are governed as much by beliefs as by rationality and outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a model which incorporates three sets of value‐anchored antecedents as predictors of leader behavior is presented: work values including the Protestant work ethic and work involvement, leadership values including corporate stewardship, accountability and spiritual values including trust, humility, stewardship and community.Findings – The paper is consistent with research that supports the role values play as personal and organizational phenomena as well as research that indicates that values and beliefs are instrumental determinants of organizational culture.Originality/value – By including spiritual values as a domain of corporate values and predictors of leader behavior, the author is expanding existing value ty.
PDPH in Obstetric Anesthesia: Comparison of 24-Gauge Sprotte and 25-Gauge Quincke Needles and Effect of Subarachnoid Administration of Fentanyl

Background and Objectives. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a frequent complication of spinal anesthesia. Some investigators have recommended the use of the Sprotte needle to reduce the incidence of this serious complication. This study prospectively compared the incidence of PDPH with two spinal needles of different size and design: the 24-gauge Sprotte (noncutting point) versus the 25-gauge Quincke (diamond, cutting point). The hypothesis that subarachnoid fentanyl will reduce the incidence of PDPH, as suggested in the literature, was also studied. Methods. Only patients for emergency or elective cesarean delivery were studied. One hundred ninety four patients were randomly assigned to receive spinal anesthesia with one of the two needles (Sprotte, n = 96; Quincke, n = 98). Simultaneously, each patient was assigned to receive hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine local anesthetic or a combination of the same concentration of local anesthetic with 20 μg of fentanyl (Sprotte with fentanyl, n = 47; Sprotte without fentanyl, n = 49; Quincke with fentanyl, n = 49; Quincke without fentanyl, n = 49). All patients were evaluated during the first 4 postoperative days, and follow-up telephone interviews were conducted 3 weeks after discharge. Results. Four patients (4.2%) in the Sprotte group and seven (7.1%) in the Quincke group developed PDPH. Three out of four patients with headache in the Sprotte and four out of seven in the Quincke group received fentanyl as an adjunct for spinal anesthesia. Two patients in the Sprotte group required an epidural blood patch as a therapy for PDPH. Two patients in the Quincke group had severe headache and required an epidural blood patch. Conclusions. In the current study, the use of the 24-gauge Sprotte spinal needle resulted in a low incidence of severe PDPH, but was not significantly different when compared with the use of a 25-gauge Quincke needle (oriented parallel to the longitudinal dural fibers). The addition of fentanyl to hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia did not reduce the risk of PDPH.
Constrained nonlinear optimal control: a converse HJB approach

Extending the concept of solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) optimization equation backwards [2], the so called converse constrained optimal control problem is introduced, and used to create various classes of nonlinear systems for which the optimal controller subject to constraints is known. In this way a systematic method for the testing, validation and comparison of different control techniques with the optimal is established. Because it naturally and explicitly handles constraints, particularly control input saturation, model predictive control (MPC) is a potentially powerful approach for nonlinear control design. However, nonconvexity of the nonlinear programs (NLP) involved in the MPC optimization makes the solution problematic. In order to explore properties of MPC-based constrained control schemes, and to point out the potential issues in implementing MPC, challenging benchmark examples are generated and analyzed. Properties of MPC-based constrained techniques are then evaluated and implementation issues are explored by applying both nonlinear MPC and MPC with feedback linearization.
Breast Cancer Risk-factor and Screening Awareness Among Women Nurses and Teachers in Amman, Jordan

Breast cancer awareness studies of women in Jordan do not exist. This study used data from 163 nurses and 178 teachers surveyed in Amman to determine 2 dimensions of breast cancer awareness: general breast cancer awareness, defined as knowledge of risk factors associated with the disease and breast cancer screening awareness, defined as knowledge of breast self-examination and mammography. The survey instrument was based on 2 previously validated knowledge-based questionnaires in the literature (Breast Cancer Knowledge Test and the Comprehensive Breast Cancer Questionnaire). Analysis of covariance indicated that family history was associated with general breast cancer awareness. Profession, age, and family history significantly influenced breast cancer screening awareness. The average percentage of correct responses to general breast cancer awareness was adjusted for select covariates (adjusted means). The adjusted mean general awareness score for nurses was not significantly different from that of teachers (P = .8470). Nurses were more aware than teachers of the importance of breast cancer screening and its techniques. The adjusted mean screening awareness score for nurses was 88.3%, compared with 73.1% for teachers (P < .0001). These results provide important information about the level of breast cancer awareness among women nurses and teachers in Jordan and may be useful for developing future prevention and screening education programs.
Collective Cell Migration Drives Morphogenesis of the Kidney Nephron

Tissue organization in epithelial organs is achieved during development by the combined processes of cell differentiation and morphogenetic cell movements. In the kidney, the nephron is the functional organ unit. Each nephron is an epithelial tubule that is subdivided into discrete segments with specific transport functions. Little is known about how nephron segments are defined or how segments acquire their distinctive morphology and cell shape. Using live, in vivo cell imaging of the forming zebrafish pronephric nephron, we found that the migration of fully differentiated epithelial cells accounts for both the final position of nephron segment boundaries and the characteristic convolution of the proximal tubule. Pronephric cells maintain adherens junctions and polarized apical brush border membranes while they migrate collectively. Individual tubule cells exhibit basal membrane protrusions in the direction of movement and appear to establish transient, phosphorylated Focal Adhesion Kinase–positive adhesions to the basement membrane. Cell migration continued in the presence of camptothecin, indicating that cell division does not drive migration. Lengthening of the nephron was, however, accompanied by an increase in tubule cell number, specifically in the most distal, ret1-positive nephron segment. The initiation of cell migration coincided with the onset of fluid flow in the pronephros. Complete blockade of pronephric fluid flow prevented cell migration and proximal nephron convolution. Selective blockade of proximal, filtration-driven fluid flow shifted the position of tubule convolution distally and revealed a role for cilia-driven fluid flow in persistent migration of distal nephron cells. We conclude that nephron morphogenesis is driven by fluid flow–dependent, collective epithelial cell migration within the confines of the tubule basement membrane. Our results establish intimate links between nephron function, fluid flow, and morphogenesis.
The role of importance/consequentiality appraisal in flashbulb memory formation: the case of the death of Pope John Paul II

This study investigates how flashbulb memories (FBMs) relative to the death of Pope John Paul II vary according to the persons' evaluation of the event's importance and consequences. In particular, FBMs were investigated in persons who were expected to attribute different degrees of importance/consequentiality to the event as a function of two factors: (1) religious involvement, (2) nationality (Polish, Italian, Swiss). The comparison was made with respect to the following hypothesized determinants of FBMs: surprise, emotional reaction, rehearsal, event memory and especially the attitudes towards the Pope and the appraisal of the importance and the consequences of his death. Structural equation modelling indicates that importance/consequentiality is a fundamental determinant of FBM and is influenced by antecedent personal and social characteristics reflected in the person's attitudes. Moreover, memory consistency seems to be both directly influenced by emotional intensity and indirectly through rehearsal, whereas surprise seems not a critical determinant of FBM.
The Effects of Jet-Milling and Pulsed Electric Fields on the Preservation of Spinach Juice Lutein Contents during Storage

This study aimed to investigate the effects of jet-milling on the lutein extraction contents of spinach powder (SP), as well as the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF), as a non-thermal pasteurization technology, on the preservation of spinach juice (SJ) lutein contents. SP particles were divided into SP-coarse (Dv50 = 315.2 μm), SP-fine (Dv50 = 125.20 μm), and SP-superfine (Dv50 = 5.59 μm) fractions, and SP-superfine was added to SJ due to its having the highest contents of lutein extract. PEFs and thermal treatment were applied to evaluate the effects of preserving the lutein content of PEF during storage (25 days). The juice was then designated as untreated (no pasteurization), PEF-1,2 (SJ treated with PEF 20 kV/cm 110 kJ/L, 150 kJ/L), or Thermal-1,2 (SJ treated with 90 °C, 10 min and 121 °C, 15 min). The sizes and surface shapes of the superfine SP particles were more homogeneous and smoother than those of the other samples. SJ made with SP-superfine and treated with PEF had the highest lutein content and antioxidant activities among the group during storage. A complex of jet-milling and PEF could have great potential as a method to improve the lutein contents of lutein-enriched juice in the food industry.
Effects of Color Contouring on the Detection and Diagnosis of Voltage Violations Within Electrical Power Systems

ARL 1 Abstract New visualization techniques for displaying power system data have been developed to aid operators in detecting and diagnosing faults within a process control situation. The integrated one-line diagram with color contour enhancement was examined as a visualization technique in this experiment. Over a series of trials, participants were required to detect power grid system failures and diagnose contingencies that occurred in the form of voltage value fluctuations. Participants were instructed to identify and acknowledge the worst voltage violation first and then correct all violations by either opening or closing capacitors until the violations were resolved. Participants used information displayed on integrated one-line diagrams that conveyed voltage information using either numbers, color contours, or both numbers and color contours. Results of the experiment revealed that the color contours facilitated the speed and accuracy in which participants could identify the worst voltage violations within the power grid but hindered their ability to diagnose and resolve violations, particularly when a large number of violations existed within the system. These findings illustrate the benefits of color contouring in facilitating visual search by highlighting important information within a display. However, these findings also demonstrate the potential costs of color-coding that may be incurred as a result of display clutter and the transition between perceptual and cognitive processing. Implications for display design are discussed.
Comparing Road-Kill Datasets from Hunters and Citizen Scientists in a Landscape Context

Road traffic has severe effects on animals, especially when road-kills are involved. In many countries, official road-kill data are provided by hunters or police; there are also road-kill observations reported by citizen scientists. The aim of the current study was to test whether road-kill reports by hunters stem from similar landscapes than those reported by citizen scientists. We analysed the surrounding landscapes of 712 road-kill reportings of European hares in the province of Lower Austria. Our data showed that road-killed hares reported both by hunters and citizens are predominantly surrounded by arable land. No difference of hedges and solitary trees could be found between the two datasets. However, significant differences in landcover classes and surrounding road networks indicate that hunters’ and citizen scientists’ data are different. Hunters reported hares from landscapes with significantly higher percentages of arable land, and greater lengths of secondary roads. In contrast, citizens reported hares from landscapes with significantly higher percentages of urban or industrial areas and greater lengths of motorways, primary roads, and residential roads. From this we argue that hunters tend to report data mainly from their hunting areas, whereas citizens report data during their daily routine on the way to/from work. We conclude that a citizen science approach is an important source for road-kill data when used in addition to official data with the aim of obtaining an overview of road-kill events on a landscape scale.