Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Diversity Through Mentorship: The Nurturing Potential of Service Learning

Background and Purpose. A curriculum‐based service‐learning (SL) project provided: (1) integration of SL principles; (2) a description of a viable SL model; and (3) a method to increase awareness of the profession of physical therapy for a diverse population of school‐age students, promoting active participation and enhancing community linkages within a mentor/protégé framework. Method/Model Description and Evaluation. SL is experiential education with community service, connecting theory and real‐life practice with reflection opportunities. Through mentor/protégé relationships, students were mentored by health care professionals, investigated theoretical constructs of mentoring and pluralism, and explored viable communities for diversity enhancement projects. Students proposed sites, then winnowed selections, identified resources, and developed curricular plans for SL. In concert with faculty and administrative staffs, mentoring plans were set in motion for two communities: (1) a hands‐on museum attracting diverse K‐6 students from six counties, including those who are deaf or hard of hearing and migrant farm workers' children of Hispanic descent and (2) an after‐school program for African American children from low‐income families. Evaluative data collected determined the effectiveness of mentoring interventions and experiences aligned with objectives. Illustrating the intended SL purposes, physical therapist (PT) students concluded with in‐class presentations utilizing videotape vignettes, photographs, administrative evaluations, and self‐assessments and team assessments. The implemented projects included age‐appropriate interactive learning exhibits and skits, emphasizing PT roles and responsibilities. Outcomes. Artifacts and evaluations supported the nurturing potential of SL through these community‐based mentor/protégé encounters. Clearly achieving course objectives and community needs, PT students promoted the profession to a diverse student population and creative leadership roles were realized beyond the traditional classroom/clinic. Students were recognized with the National Student Assembly “Student Outreach for Cultural Diversity Awareness” Award. Discussion and Conclusion. Through this SL model, additional professional implications were realized: (1) the unexpected outcomes of students as stewards and leaders; (2) an avenue to serve as mentors for at‐risk school‐age children, who otherwise might not have gained first‐hand exposure and insight into the profession; (3) a positive and meaningful experience to allow students to provide community service while fulfilling university service outcomes; and (4) enhanced exposure to the profession beyond the classroom and clinical walls, nurturing the spirit of service. PT students assumed ownership of these projects bridging classroom theories and readings with real‐life application, with faculty in the role of facilitators of the learning experience.
Dairy Foods and Risk of Stroke

Background: Consumption of milk and other dairy foods has been associated with reduced risk of stroke, although not all studies have shown this consistently. Methods: We examined the association between dairy food intake and risk of stroke subtypes within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Between 1985 and 1988, 26,556 Finnish male smokers aged 50–69 years who had no history of stroke completed a food frequency questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders. Results: During a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 2702 cerebral infarctions, 383 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 196 subarachnoid hemorrhages were ascertained. We observed positive associations between whole milk intake and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (RR = 1.41 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake; 95% CI = 1.02–1.96) and between yogurt intake and subarachnoid hemorrhage (RR = 1.83 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake; 95% CI = 1.20–2.80). Men in the highest quintile of cream intake had a moderate decreased risk of cerebral infarction (0.81; 0.72–0.92) and intracerebral hemorrhage (0.72; 0.52–1.00). There were no strong associations between intakes of total dairy, low-fat milk, sour milk, cheese, ice cream, or butter and risk of any stroke subtype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intake of certain dairy foods may be associated with risk of stroke.
Climate change and Pacific islands : indicators and impacts : report for the 2012 Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA)

Developed to inform the 2013 National Climate Assessment, this report compiles the findings of more than 100 scientists and other experts on the state of knowledge about climate change and its impacts on the Hawaiian archipelago and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands. Case studies and highlights also examine the adaptive capacity of island communities in the region and the issues of freshwater availability and quality; endangered species; regional and community economies; urbanization, transportation, and infrastructure vulnerabilities; ecosystem services; and agriculture sustainability.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: progression of MR abnormalities in prospective 7-year follow-up study.

PURPOSE To prospectively investigate the patterns and rates of progression of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging abnormalities in a well-documented cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) cohort 7 years after baseline and to identify the prognostic factors that determine the rates and patterns of this progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local ethics committee approved the study, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. From 12 unrelated families, 25 patients who were NOTCH3 mutation carriers and 13 who were non-mutation carriers were examined clinically and with standardized MR imaging at baseline and after 7 years. The progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunar infarcts, microbleeding, and brain volume loss was measured semiquantitatively. Correlation testing and group comparison testing were performed to identify the risk factors associated with increased progression of CADASIL-related MR abnormalities. RESULTS Compared with the non-mutation carriers, the mutation carriers showed significant increases in numbers of lacunar infarct (P < .01), WMH (P < .01), and microbleed (P < .05) lesions but no increased loss of brain volume. The distributions of new WMHs and new lacunar infarcts at follow-up were similar to the distributions of these abnormalities at baseline. High WMH (P < .05), lacunar infarct (P < .01), and microbleed (P < .01) lesion loads at baseline--but not cardiovascular risk factors--were associated with faster progression of these abnormalities. CONCLUSION Patients with CADASIL who have a high MR abnormality lesion load at baseline are at risk for faster progression of MR abnormalities.
Systolic arterial pressure as a monitor of depth of anaesthesia.

Sir,—When Robb and colleagues [1] wrote: "The use of clinical signs (SAP in this case) to guide anaesthetic dosage. was the approach adopted by Suppan in his pioneering studies", they gave the impression that Suppan [2] was the first anaesthetist to use arterial pressure as an indicator of adequacy of anaesthesia. However, when halothane was first introduced, several authors recommended using arterial pressure as an index of depth of anaesthesia. I was taught during my residency that, during anaesthesia, the SAP should always be maintained within 20 % of baseline. Maintaining the SAP within these limits throughout anaesthesia and injecting intermittent volumes of liquid enflurane in the expiratory limb of a closed system [3], we have observed that the accumulated volume of enflurance was, on average, only about 50% of predicted, whereas the use of halothane and isoflurane was found to agree with predicted volumes [4-8]. The reasons for these various deviations from Lowe's theory [3] could not be detected in Brazil because there was no means of measuring end-tidal concentrations. In 1986 at the University of Wales College of Medicine, an exploratory study confirmed the Brazilian findings [9], and during the IVth International Symposium of the Closed and Low Flow Anesthesia Society, Couto da Silva, Vickers and Mapleson showed a nomogram in which SAP correlated with the depth of anaesthesia. Therefore, the finding of Robb and colleagues [1] confirms that " SAP may be major component of the clinical assessment of the anaesthetic state" [1] observed previously by other authors.
Numerical modelling of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere

Acoustic waves are generated by the convective motions in the solar convection zone. When propagating upwards into the chromosphere they reach the height where the sound speed equals the Alfvén speed and they undergo mode conversion, refraction and reflection. We use numerical simulations to study these processes in realistic configurations where the wavelength of the waves is similar to the length scales of the magnetic field. Even though this regime is outside the validity of previous analytic studies or studies using ray-tracing theory, we show that some of their basic results remain valid: the critical quantity for mode conversion is the angle between the magnetic field and the k-vector: the attack angle. At angles smaller than 30° much of the acoustic, fast mode from the photosphere is transmitted as an acoustic, slow mode propagating along the field lines. At larger angles, most of the energy is refracted/reflected and returns as a fast mode creating an interference pattern between the upward and downward propagating waves. In three-dimensions, this interference between waves at small angles creates patterns with large horizontal phase speeds, especially close to magnetic field concentrations. When damping from shock dissipation and radiation is taken into account, the waves in the low–mid chromosphere have mostly the character of upward propagating acoustic waves and it is only close to the reflecting layer we get similar amplitudes for the upward propagating and refracted/reflected waves. The oscillatory power is suppressed in magnetic field concentrations and enhanced in ring-formed patterns around them. The complex interference patterns caused by mode-conversion, refraction and reflection, even with simple incident waves and in simple magnetic field geometries, make direct inversion of observables exceedingly difficult. In a dynamic chromosphere it is doubtful if the determination of mean quantities is even meaningful.
Transient ischemic attack associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection

Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with thromboembolism. However, cerebrovascular ischemic events have not been reported in relation to acute CMV infection. A patient with a transient ischemic attack and acute CMV infection is described. Transient appearance of anti‐phospholipid antibodies suggests a causal relationship between the two. Physicians should be alert to symptoms and signs of acute CMV infection in patients with idiopathic cerebrovascular ischemic events. J. Med. Virol. 84:487–489, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Private Ownership and the Cost of Public Debt: Evidence from the Bond Market

A number of studies have examined the effect of public and private ownership on the cost of debt and concluded that the cost of debt of privately owned firms is higher, driven mainly by the poorer information environment in which these firms operate. We extend this strand of research in two ways. First, we identify and empirically establish the mechanisms that bring about a higher cost of debt to privately owned firms—namely, the limited access that these firms have to the equity capital market, their high rate of management and private-equity ownership, and their less conservative reporting. Second, we improve the reliability of the estimates of the effect of ownership type on the cost of debt by controlling for the different information environments in which privately and publicly owned firms operate. This is accomplished through the use of a sample consisting of publicly owned and privately owned firms that have public debt and are therefore subject to identical reporting and disclosure requirements. C.
Using Interference Models to Predict Performance in a Multiple-Task UAV Environment - 2 UAVs

Abstract : Twenty four pilots flew simulated missions in an unmanned air vehicle "UAV" simulator under both single and dual UAV control, and in three conditions: a baseline condition, a condition in which certain information was displayed auditorally, to offload the heavy visual demands of the mission, and a condition in which flight path tracking was automated. Three tasks were performed within each UAV workstation: "1" Meeting the mission goals, by flying to 10 command target waypoints and reporting intelligence information at each of these command targets, "2" monitoring a 3D image display for targets of opportunity on the ground below the flight path,"3" monitoring the health of on-board system parameters. Upon reaching a command target, or seeing a target of opportunity, pilots were required to enter a loiter pattern, zoom in and inspect the image. Pilots could also retrieve command target coordinates and report information at any time they wished. The data were evaluated in the context of three models of concurrent task performance, strict single channel theory, single resource theory and multiple resource theory. The results indicated a cost to dual UAV control in all three tasks, although this cost varied in its magnitude. The results also indicated that both the auditory and the automation assistance improved performance, and reduced the dual task decrement, relative to the baseline condition. In particular, the auditory display of system parameter failures enabled a large degree of parallel processing. Various analyses were carried out to examine the extent to which models based on each of the three attention theories were adequate in predicting the data. Some aspects of the data were consistent with each model. Thus a valid model to account for all aspects of the task would need to incorporate mechanisms based on each model. A separate section of the results
Full central neurokinin-1 receptor blockade is required for efficacy in depression: evidence from orvepitant clinical studies

Full, persistent blockade of central neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors may be a potential antidepressant mechanism. The selective NK1 antagonist orvepitant (GW823296) was used to test this hypothesis. A preliminary positron emission tomography study in eight male volunteers drove dose selection for two randomized six week studies in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Displacement of central [11C]GR205171 binding indicated that oral orvepitant doses of 30–60 mg/day provided >99% receptor occupancy for ≥24 h. Studies 733 and 833 randomized patients with MDD and 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)≥22 to double-blind treatment with orvepitant 30 mg/day, orvepitant 60 mg/day or placebo (1:1:1). Primary outcome measure was change from baseline in 17-item HAM-D total score at Week 6 analyzed using mixed models repeated measures. Study 733 (n=328) demonstrated efficacy on the primary endpoint (estimated drug-placebo differences of 30 mg: −2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−4.50 to −0.31) p=0.0245; 60 mg: –2.86, 95% CI (−4.97 to −0.75) p=0.0082). Study 833 (n=345) did not show significance (estimated drug-placebo differences of 30 mg: −1.67, 95% CI (−3.73 to 0.39) p=0.1122; 60 mg: −0.76, 95% CI (−2.85 to 1.32) p=0.4713). The results support the hypothesis that full, long lasting blockade of central NK1 receptors may be an efficacious mechanism for the treatment of MDD.
Reconstructing the cosmic density field with the distribution of dark matter haloes

We develop a new method to reconstruct the cosmic density field from the distribution of dark matter haloes above a certain mass threshold. Our motivation is that well-defined samples of galaxy groups/clusters, which can be used to represent the dark halo population, can now be selected from large redshift surveys of galaxies, and our ultimate goal is to use such data to reconstruct the cosmic density field in the local Universe. Our reconstruction method starts with a sample of dark matter haloes above a given mass threshold. Each volume element in space is assigned to the domain of the nearest halo according to a distance measure that is scaled by the virial radius of the halo. The distribution of the mass in and around dark matter haloes of a given mass is modelled using the cross-correlation function between dark matter haloes and the mass distribution within their domains. We use N-body cosmological simulations to show that the density profiles required in our reconstruction scheme can be determined reliably from large cosmological simulations, and that our method can reconstruct the density field accurately using haloes with masses down to similar to 10(12) h(-1) M(circle dot) (above which samples of galaxy groups can be constructed from current large redshift surveys of galaxies). Working in redshift space, we demonstrate that the redshift distortions due to the peculiar velocities of haloes can be corrected in an iterative way. We also describe some applications of our method.
The effect of exposure on syntactic parsing in Spanish–English bilinguals

An eye tracking experiment examined how exposure to a second language (L2) influences sentence parsing in the first language. Forty-four monolingual Spanish speakers, 24 proficient Spanish–English bilinguals with limited immersion experience in the L2 environment and 20 proficient Spanish–English bilinguals with extensive L2 immersion experience read temporarily ambiguous constructions. The ambiguity concerned whether a relative clause (RC) that appeared after a complex noun phrase (NP) was interpreted as modifying the first or the second noun in the complex NP (El policía arrestó a la hermana del criado que estaba enferma desde hacía tiempo). The results showed that whereas the Spanish monolingual speakers and the Spanish–English bilinguals with limited exposure reliably attached the relative clause to the first noun, the Spanish–English bilingual with extensive exposure attached the relative to the second noun. Results are discussed in terms of models of sentence parsing most consistent with the findings.
Learning Efficiently with Approximate Inference via Dual Losses

Many structured prediction tasks involve complex models where inference is computationally intractable, but where it can be well approximated using a linear programming relaxation. Previous approaches for learning for structured prediction (e.g., cutting-plane, subgradient methods, perceptron) repeatedly make predictions for some of the data points. These approaches are computationally demanding because each prediction involves solving a linear program to optimality. We present a scalable algorithm for learning for structured prediction. The main idea is to instead solve the dual of the structured prediction loss. We formulate the learning task as a convex minimization over both the weights and the dual variables corresponding to each data point. As a result, we can begin to optimize the weights even before completely solving any of the individual prediction problems. We show how the dual variables can be efficiently optimized using coordinate descent. Our algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art methods such as stochastic subgradient and cutting-plane.
Molecular Genotyping of Anisakis Larvae in Middle Eastern Japan and Endoscopic Evidence for Preferential Penetration of Normal over Atrophic Mucosa

Background Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused primarily by Anisakis spp. larvae in Asia and in Western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype of Anisakis larvae endoscopically removed from Middle Eastern Japanese patients and to determine whether mucosal atrophy affects the risk of penetration in gastric anisakiasis. Methods In this study, 57 larvae collected from 44 patients with anisakiasis (42 gastric and 2 colonic anisakiasis) were analyzed retrospectively. Genotyping was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ITS regions and by sequencing the mitochondrial small subunit (SSU) region. In the cases of gastric anisakiasis, correlation analyses were conducted between the frequency of larval penetration in normal/atrophic area and the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Results Nearly all larvae were A. simplex seusu stricto (s.s.) (99%), and one larva displayed a hybrid genotype. The A. simplex larvae penetrated normal mucosa more frequently than atrophic area (p = 0.005). Finally, patients with normal mucosa infection were more likely to exhibit clinical symptoms than those with atrophic mucosa infection (odds ratio, 6.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–31.8). Conclusions In Japan, A. simplex s.s. is the main etiological agent of human anisakiasis and tends to penetrate normal gastric mucosa. Careful endoscopic examination of normal gastric mucosa, particularly in the greater curvature of the stomach will improve the detection of Anisakis larvae.
Environmental Factors and Seasonality Affect the Concentration of Rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz Wine

Rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable ‘peppery’ aroma. Previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. This study used historical data sets to investigate which weather parameters are mostly influencing rotundone concentration in grape berries and wine. For this purpose, wines produced from 15 vintages from the same Shiraz vineyard (The Old Block, Mount Langi Ghiran, Victoria, Australia) were analysed for rotundone concentration and compared to comprehensive weather data and minimal temperature information. Degree hours were obtained by interpolating available temperature information from the vineyard site using a simple piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial method (PCHIP). Results showed that the highest concentrations of rotundone were consistently found in wines from cool and wet seasons. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the concentration of rotundone in wine was negatively correlated with daily solar exposure and grape bunch zone temperature, and positively correlated with vineyard water balance. Finally, models were constructed based on the Gompertz function to describe the dynamics of rotundone concentration in berries through the ripening process according to phenological and thermal times. This characterisation is an important step forward to potentially predict the final quality of the resultant wines based on the evolution of specific compounds in berries according to critical environmental and micrometeorological variables. The modelling techniques described in this paper were able to describe the behaviour of rotundone concentration based on seasonal weather conditions and grapevine phenological stages, and could be potentially used to predict the final rotundone concentration early in future growing seasons. This could enable the adoption of precision irrigation and canopy management strategies to effectively mitigate adverse impacts related to climate change and microclimatic variability, such as heat waves, within a vineyard on wine quality.