Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High relapse rate and poor medication adherence in the Chinese population with schizophrenia: results from an observational survey in the People’s Republic of China

Background Relapse is common in schizophrenia, and seriously impacts patients’ quality of life and social functioning. Many factors have been identified that may potentially increase the risk of relapse. This study was designed to investigate the relapse rate in the year following hospital discharge among Chinese patients with schizophrenia in the naturalistic condition, and to explore possible risk factors related to relapse. Methods We conducted a large, multicenter, retrospective, observational study in ten psychiatric hospitals throughout the People’s Republic of China. Nine hundred and ninety-two schizophrenic outpatients aged 18–65 years discharged from these hospitals between September 2011 and February 2012 with recovery/improvement of their condition were included in the study. Information about relapse and correlative factors during the year after discharge was collected by telephone interview using a questionnaire. Results Eight hundred and seventy-six of 992 eligible patients completed the telephone survey. Of these patients, 293 (33.4%) had at least one relapse within 1 year after discharge, and 165 (18.8%) were rehospitalized. In respondents’ view, the most important factor contributing to relapse was poor medication adherence (50.7%). Approximately 30% of the respondents had a negative attitude toward medication, with the impression that there was no need to take drugs at all or for a long time. Nonadherent patients (37.9%) had a relapse rate that was 2.5-fold higher than adherent patients (54.5% versus 20.7%, P<0.001). The top five risk factors associated with relapse were nonadherence to medication (odds ratio [OR] 4.602, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.410–6.211), being without work (OR 3.275, 95% CI 2.291–4.681), poor self-care ability (OR 2.996, 95% CI 2.129–4.214), poor interpersonal skills (OR 2.635, 95% CI 1.951–3.558), and hospitalization on more than three occasions (OR 2.299, 95% CI 1.691–3.126). Conclusion The 1-year relapse rate after discharge in patients with schizophrenia was 33.5% in our study. The most important risk factor related to relapse was poor medication adherence, which was mainly due to patients having a negative attitude toward their medication. Lack of psychosocial support and a complicated disease history also increased the risk of relapse.
Frugivory and Seed Dispersal Patterns of the Red-Ruffed Lemur, Varecia rubra, at a Forest Restoration Site in Masoala National Park, Madagascar

Frugivorous primates can play a critical role in the regeneration of degraded habitats by dispersing seeds of their food plants. We studied the diet and seed dispersal patterns of 3 groups of habituated red-ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra) in a rain forest restoration site in Masoala National Park, Madagascar, to assess the species' seed dispersal effectiveness. Fruits accounted for 61% of the diet, with an average foraging time of 10 min per fruit patch per day. Seeds from 75% of the consumed fruit species were recovered in the collected V. rubra feces. We traced the potential parent plants of 20 dispersed-seed species to calculate a gut passage range (63-423 min; mean = 225, n = 35). The median seed dispersal distance from the potential parent plant was 48 m (mean = 83 m, range 0-568 m, n = 194). The home ranges of 2 of the 3 groups overlapped with the regenerating forest parcels. Although 92% of fecal samples with seeds were dispersed into the undisturbed forest, V. rubra fed on the fruits of the non-native pioneer shrub Clidemia hirta, while also dispersing native and non-native seed species into the regenerating forest parcels.
Do repatriate support practices influence repatriate experience, organisational commitment, turnover intentions and perceptions of career success?

The focus of this paper is the development of a model for the effective management of repatriation in multinational enterprises (MNEs). It reviews the literature associated with the relationships between repatriate support practices in relation to repatriation experiences, organisational commitment, turnover intentions, and perceptions of career success. A model has been developed where it is hypothesized that the perception of the provision of important and higher quality practices will result in positive repatriation experiences A positive experience will be positively related to organisational commitment, and perceptions of career success, and negatively related to turnover intentions. These relationships are based on the concepts of social support, uncertainty reduction theory, and psychological contract theory.
Evidence of a suffocation alarm system sensitive to clinically-effective treatments with the panicolytics clonazepam and fluoxetine

Dyspnea, ‘hunger for air’, and the urge to flee are the cardinal symptoms of respiratory-type panic attacks. Patients also show baseline respiratory abnormalities and a higher rate of comorbid and antecedent respiratory diseases. Panic attacks are also precipitated by both the infusion of 0.5 M sodium lactate and the inhalation of 5–7% carbon dioxide (CO2) in predisposed patients, but not in healthy volunteers nor patients without panic disorder. Further studies show that patients with panic are also hyper-responsive to hypoxia. These and other observations led Klein (1993) to suggest that clinical panic is the misfiring of a suffocation alarm system. In rats, cytotoxic hypoxia of chemoreceptor cells by intravenous injection of potassium cyanide (KCN) produces short-lasting flight behaviors reminiscent of panic attacks. KCN-induced flight behaviors are blocked both by denervation of chemoreceptor cells and lesion of dorsal periaqueductal gray matter, a likely substrate of panic. Herein, we show that KCN-evoked flight behaviors are also attenuated by both acute and chronic treatment with clonazepam (0.01–0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and fluoxetine (1–4 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 21 days), respectively. Attenuation of KCN-evoked panic-like behaviors by clinically-effective treatment with panicolytics adds fresh evidence to the false suffocation alarm theory of panic disorder.
LEGAL TERMINOLOGY IN TRANSLATION PRACTICE : DICTIONARIES , GOOGLING OR DISCUSSION FORUMS ? Ł

The article discusses terminology mining on a small scale as used by legal freelance translators in practice, and recent developments in this area. Major properties of legal terms are discussed from the Cognitive Linguistics perspective where terms are seen as prompts that activate background knowledge structures. Next various resources are presented, including the most traditional ones, i.e. dictionaries, to more recent online and electronic resources such as googling, and discussion forums. Their major advantage is reduction of search time, increased functionality of translation and insight into how other translators have tackled a similar terminological problem before (established
An Arg-Gly-Asp-directed receptor on the surface of human melanoma cells exists in an divalent cation-dependent functional complex with the disialoganglioside GD2

The disialogangliosides GD2 and GD3 play a major role in the ability of human melanoma cells to attach to Arg-Gly-Asp-containing substrates such as fibronectin and vitronectin, since pretreatment of these cells with monoclonal antibodies to the oligosaccharide of GD2 and GD3 can inhibit their attachment and spreading on such adhesive proteins. This report demonstrates that human melanoma cells (M21) synthesize and express a glycoprotein receptor that shares antigenic epitopes with the vitronectin receptor on human fibroblasts and is capable of specifically recognizing the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro sequence. In the presence of calcium, GD2, the major ganglioside of M21 cells, colocalized with this receptor on the surface of human melanoma cells and their focal adhesion plaques as demonstrated by double-label transmission immunoelectron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. Biochemical evidence is presented indicating that the vitronectin receptor on M21 human melanoma cells contains associated calcium and GD2. This ganglioside copurified with the glycoprotein receptor for vitronectin on affinity columns containing either an Arg-Gly-Asp- containing peptide, concanavalin A, or lentil lectin. This major Arg- Gly-Asp-directed receptor on M21 cells could be metabolically labeled with 45Ca2+. Chelation of this ion with EDTA caused the dissociation of GD2 from the receptor and rendered the remaining glycoprotein incapable of binding to an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide. Reconstitution experiments demonstrated a requirement for calcium, and not magnesium, for receptor binding to Arg-Gly-Asp and indicated that addition of ganglioside can enhance this interaction.
Validity of Estimation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity from Transperineal Ultrasound Imaging in Men

Purpose To investigate the relationship between displacement of pelvic floor landmarks observed with transperineal ultrasound imaging and electromyography of the muscles hypothesised to cause the displacements. Materials and Methods Three healthy men participated in this study, which included ultrasound imaging of the mid-urethra, urethra-vesical junction, ano-rectal junction and bulb of the penis. Fine-wire electromyography electrodes were inserted into the puborectalis and bulbocavernosus muscles and a transurethral catheter electrode recorded striated urethral sphincter electromyography. A nasogastric sensor recorded intra-abdominal pressure. Tasks included submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions, and Valsalva. The relationship between each of the parameters measured from ultrasound images and electromyography or intra-abdominal pressure amplitudes was described with nonlinear regression. Results Strong, non-linear relationships were calculated for each predicted landmark/muscle pair for submaximal contractions (R2–0.87–0.95). The relationships between mid-urethral displacement and striated urethral sphincter electromyography, and bulb of the penis displacement and bulbocavernosus electromyography were strong during maximal contractions (R2–0.74–0.88). Increased intra-abdominal pressure prevented shortening of puborectalis, which resulted in weak relationships between electromyography and anorectal and urethravesical junction displacement during all tasks. Conclusions Displacement of landmarks in transperineal ultrasound imaging provides meaningful measures of activation of individual pelvic floor muscles in men during voluntary contractions. This method may aid assessment of muscle function or feedback for training.
The Incremental Validity of Communication Styles Over Personality Traits for Leader Outcomes

Personality traits and communication styles are interlinked, as evidenced by high convergent correlations. Nevertheless, communication styles may have a stronger conceptual link to leader outcomes than broad personality traits do, as they are represented by a subset of behavior that is specifically important for leaders. As expected, we found that expressive and precise communication styles have incremental validity over the personality dimensions extraversion and conscientiousness in the prediction of leader criteria. The results of this study underscore the relevance of communicative behavior for leaders, provide a new concept to use in future leadership research, and may help leader development practitioners in better focusing communication training efforts.
SemFunSim: A New Method for Measuring Disease Similarity by Integrating Semantic and Gene Functional Association

Background Measuring similarity between diseases plays an important role in disease-related molecular function research. Functional associations between disease-related genes and semantic associations between diseases are often used to identify pairs of similar diseases from different perspectives. Currently, it is still a challenge to exploit both of them to calculate disease similarity. Therefore, a new method (SemFunSim) that integrates semantic and functional association is proposed to address the issue. Methods SemFunSim is designed as follows. First of all, FunSim (Functional similarity) is proposed to calculate disease similarity using disease-related gene sets in a weighted network of human gene function. Next, SemSim (Semantic Similarity) is devised to calculate disease similarity using the relationship between two diseases from Disease Ontology. Finally, FunSim and SemSim are integrated to measure disease similarity. Results The high average AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) (96.37%) shows that SemFunSim achieves a high true positive rate and a low false positive rate. 79 of the top 100 pairs of similar diseases identified by SemFunSim are annotated in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) as being targeted by the same therapeutic compounds, while other methods we compared could identify 35 or less such pairs among the top 100. Moreover, when using our method on diseases without annotated compounds in CTD, we could confirm many of our predicted candidate compounds from literature. This indicates that SemFunSim is an effective method for drug repositioning.
Ethanol metabolism in women taking oral contraceptives.

The relationship between oral contraceptives and ethanol metabolism in women was examined in a group of 40 female social drinkers between the ages of 21 and 30. Twenty women taking oral contraceptives and 20 women not taking oral contraceptives were given a moderate dose of ethanol (0.52 g/kg) during the menstrual, intermenstrual and premenstrual phases of the menstrual cycle. The group of women taking oral contraceptives demonstrated a significantly decreased ethanol elimination rate (105 mg/kg/hr) than the women not taking oral contraceptives (121 mg/kg/hr, p less than .005). Ethanol disappearance rate also was significantly decreased for women taking oral contraceptives (0.015%/hr) than women not taking them (0.019%/hr, p less than .001). These results were consistent across the three phases of the menstrual cycle and when body leanness was taken into consideration. The decreased rate of ethanol metabolism in women taking oral contraceptives is consistent with reports of other drugs having decreased metabolic rates in women taking birth control pills. These results suggest that women taking oral contraceptives should be cautioned concerning their possible interaction with ethanol, as well as other drugs.
GOAL ORIENTATION, MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE AND SELF-ESTEEM IN BOXERS

This research has been carried out to determine the relationship between goal orientation, motivational climate and self-esteem in boxers and whether being national and age have effect on these concepts. The research sample consist of 48 male boxers (15 national, 33 non-national) participated in Universities Boxing Championship in 2011 whose mean age 21.14±1.73. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, The Perceived Motivational Climate Questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-esteem scale were used to gather tha data. The data were analyzed by using the techniques such as desriptive statistics, bivariate correlation and Mann Whitney U test. Results showed that boxers are task oriented and perceive the motivational climate as mastery climate, national boxers' ego orientation, task orientation, performance climate, mastery climate and self-esteem scores are higher than non-national boxers, there is no significant relationship between boxers' goal orientation, motivational climate and age, there is high, positive and significant relationship between ego orientation and task orientation (r=0.789, p<0.01), there is medium, positive and significant relationship between ego orientation and performance climate (r=0.593, p<0.01), there is medium, positive and significant relationship between ego orientation and mastery climate (r=0.676, p<0.01), there is medium, positive and significant relationship between task orientation and performance climate (r=0.516, p<0.01), there is high, positive and significant relationship between task orientation and mastery climate (r=0.803, p<0.01), there is medium, positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and ego orientation (r=0.357, p<0.05), there is medium, positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and task orientation (r=0.502, p<0.01), there is low, positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and performance climate (r=0.299, p<0.05), there is medium, positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and mastery climate (r=0.556, p<0.01).
A High Speed FPGA Implementation of a 1024-Point Complex FFT Processor

In this paper a hardware implementation of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor has been presented. Described FFT processor is implemented on a virtex-4 LX25 FPGA from Xilinx. The designed processor is a fixed-point processor which calculates a 1024-point complex FFT using radix-2 butterfly computation method with less than 1% error. This system completes the process in 26µs at operating frequency of 100MHz. The number of occupied slices on the (FPGA) is 2472 which covers 23% of the whole chip.
Double representation of the body surface within cytoarchitectonic area 3b and 1 in “SI” in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus)

Microelectrode multiunit mapping studies of parietal cortex in owl monkeys indicate that the classical “primary” somatosensory region (or “SI”) including the separate architectonic fields 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 contains as many as four separate representations of the body rather than one. An analysis of receptive field locations for extensive arrays of closely placed recording sites in parietal cortex which were later related to cortical architecture led to the following conclusions: (1) There are two large systematic representations of the body surface within “SI”. Each is activated by low threshold cutaneous stimuli; one representation is coextensive with Area 3b and the other with Area 1. (2) While each of these representations contain regions of cortex with topological or “somatotopic” transformations of skin surface, the representations have many discontinuities where adjoining skin surfaces are adjoining in the representations. Thus, the representations can be considered as composites of somatotopically organized regions, but cannot be accurately depicted by simple continuous homunculi. Lines of discontinuity often cut across dermatomes and seldom follow dermatomal boundaries, i.e., neither cutaneous representation constitutes a systematic representation of dermatomal skin fields. (3) While the two cutaneous fields are basically similar in organization and are approximate mirror images of each other, they differ in important details, i.e., lines of discontinuity in the representations and the sites of representations of different specific skin surfaces differ significantly in the two representations. (4) The two cutaneous representations also differ in size and in the relative proportions in each representation differ, they cannot both be simple reflections of overall peripheral innervation density. (5) All or part of Area 2 contains a systematic representation of deep body structures.
In vivo analysis of amantadine renal clearance in the uninephrectomized rat: functional significance of in vitro bicarbonate-dependent amantadine renal tubule transport.

Amantadine transport into renal proximal and distal tubules is bicarbonate dependent. In the present study, we addressed the effects of bicarbonate on renal clearance and urinary excretion of amantadine. Renal clearance of kynurenic acid was also studied to determine whether bicarbonate effects are specific for organic base transport by the kidney. After a moderate diuresis was established, animals received i.v. [(3)H]amantadine or [(3)H]kynurenic acid followed by an acute dose of sodium bicarbonate or physiological saline. Urine and blood samples were analyzed for [(3)H]amantadine or [(3)H]kynurenic acid, blood gases, and pH. Amantadine and kynurenic acid were excreted by the kidneys, and both compounds underwent renal tubular secretion. Amantadine metabolism occurred, and one metabolite was detected in the urine. In the bicarbonate-treated rats, the total amount of amantadine excreted in the urine was decreased, whereas the amount of metabolite recovered was similar in both groups. Bicarbonate treatment caused a sustained increase in blood bicarbonate levels, a mild increase in blood pH, and a decrease in amantadine renal clearance and in the amantadine/creatinine clearance ratio. Only a transient decrease in the renal clearance of kynurenic acid and the kynurenic acid/creatinine clearance ratio was observed. This study demonstrates that short-term changes in bicarbonate concentration may have significant effects on renal organic cation elimination. Coupled with our previous in vitro demonstration of bicarbonate-dependent organic cation transport, the present study suggests that bicarbonate inhibition of renal tubule organic cation secretion may explain the previous observation that bicarbonate dosing decreases amantadine excretion by the kidney.
Perceptions of the African American Experience (PAAX): A New Measure of Adaptive Identities Among African American Men and Women

Differential treatment based on race impacts the adoption of prosocial or maladaptive behaviors and attitudes of African Americans, which in turn influences their perceived wellbeing. In essence, the African American experience is shaped by intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional social determinants. As such the nature of the African American experience is predicated on the identity formulated and the associated lifestyle adopted by African Americans. To empirically verify this proposition, the newly developed Perceptions of African American Experience (PAAX) scale was tested. The PAAX includes 2 maladaptive and two adaptive subscales that define 4 identities among African American men and women. The maladaptive identities, Depreciated and Vulnerable coping styles, are theoretically connected to risk, unhealthy social determinants and anti-social outcomes. The adaptive identities, Transcendent and Integrated coping styles, involve resiliency characteristics resulting in both healthy and prosocial outcomes. It was hypothesized that the 4 PAAX subscales would show acceptable psychometric properties for internal consistency and validity, but that the 2 higher order dimensions, Risk and Resilience, would emerge with factor analytic approaches. An item analysis demonstrated it is feasible to maintain subscale integrity while retaining only those items from the 4 hypothesized subscales, which produces acceptable internal consistencies. A higher order confirmatory factor analytic approach was then used. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesis that for African Americans the 4 adaptive identities load on 2 underlying dimensions, Risk and Resilience. Implications for the future study of the PAAX scale among clinical populations as well as with other racially diverse groups are highlighted.