Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Epidural Analgesia and Traditional Pain Management Effects on Survival and Cancer Recurrence after Colectomy: A Population-based Study

Background: Cancer recurrence after surgery may be affected by immunosuppressive factors such as surgical stress, anesthetic drugs, and opioids. By limiting exposure to these, epidural analgesia may enhance tumor surveillance. This study compared survival and cancer recurrence rates for resection of colorectal cancer between patients who received perioperative epidurals and those who did not. Methods: The linked Medicare-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients ages 66 yr or older with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2005 who underwent open colectomy. Recurrence was defined as chemotherapy 16 months or more after surgery and/or radiation 12 months or more after surgery. Patients were followed for at least 4 yr. To account for hospital effects, overall survival was estimated via marginal Cox regression. Recurrence was estimated by conditional logistic regression. Results: A cohort of 42,151 patients, of whom 22.9% (n = 9,670) had epidurals at the time of resection, was identified. 5-yr survival was 61% in the epidural group and 55% in the nonepidural group. There was a significant association between epidural use and improved survival (adjusted Cox model hazard ratio = 0.91, 95% CI = [0.87, 0.94]). Adjusting for covariates, there was no significant reduction of recurrence in the epidural group (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% CI = [0.95, 1.15]). Several covariates, including blood transfusion, were predictive of mortality and cancer recurrence. Conclusion: This large cohort study found that epidural use is associated with improved survival in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer undergoing resection but does not support an association between epidural use and decreased cancer recurrence.
Caregiving and Social Support: A Twenty-first Century Challenge for College Students

This study adopted a caregiving perspective to analyze college students’ supportive relationships (N=266). With respect to the provision of care, female caregivers engaged in more difficult types of hands-on support than male caregivers, and data suggested that college caregivers are differently challenged by the life stage of the person for whom they provide care. With respect to students’ reception of social support, both main and interaction effects were found for sex, care giving status, and locus of control. Discussion focuses on the developmental nature of caregiving skills, social support reciprocity, and implications of these findings for public policy and human communication research.
Information Seeking after Decisions

The present experiment attempted to determine whether preference for information that is supportive or nonsupportive of a decision differs when (a) the decision is reversible instead of irreversible and (b) when the information to be chosen is old instead of new. It was found that subjects' preference for decision-supportive information was generally stronger after irreversible decisions than after reversible ones. The results also showed an interaction between reversibility and information novelty, that is, the preference for supportive over nonsupportive information was higher for irreversible than for reversible decisions under new information conditions; however, there was no difference under the old information conditions. The results are interpreted in terms of dissonance theory.
Correlates of spontaneous viral control among long-term survivors of perinatal HIV-1 infection expressing human leukocyte antigen-B57

Objective:We sought to identify immunologic and virologic correlates of spontaneous viral control among long-term survivors of perinatal HIV infection expressing the protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B57 allele. Design:The frequency, epitope specificity, and functional attributes of HIV-specific T cells and sequence variation within B57-restricted epitopes were compared between ‘spontaneous controllers’ who maintained normal CD4 percentages and viral loads less than 3000 copies/ml without antiretroviral therapy, and ‘treated progressors’ who had initiated HAART. Methods:Recognition of HIV optimal epitopes was assessed by interferon γ (IFNγ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot. Functional characterization of CD8 cells targeting B57 epitopes was performed by staining for cytokine production (intracellular IFNγ, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor α) and degranulation. Sequencing of autologous RNA was performed to determine the prevalence of viral escape mutations within B57-restricted epitopes and associated compensatory mutations. Results:HLA-B57 remained immunodominant during chronic infection in both controllers and progressors, but controllers recognized fewer epitopes and targeted epitopes within Gag and reverse transcriptase only, whereas progressors demonstrated a broader response targeting additional proteins. No individual epitope was targeted more frequently by spontaneous controllers. CD8 cytokine production patterns were heterogeneous among individuals and even among different epitopes in the same individual and did not correlate with spontaneous viral control. Extensive sequence variation within B57 epitopes was observed in both groups, but only progressors displayed additional capsid mutations that are known to offset the viral fitness cost of B57-driven immune escape. Conclusion:Among HLA-B57-positive long-term survivors, spontaneous control of viremia is not associated with a qualitatively or quantitatively superior T-cell response, but with uncompensated fitness-attenuating mutations in the viral capsid.
Linking ethical leadership to employee creativity: Knowledge sharing and self efficacy as mediators.

Using social exchange theory and social learning theory, we examined the influence of ethical leadership on employee creativity through the mediation of knowledge sharing and self-efficacy. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 309 employees and their supervisors from 4 Chinese companies, using a multiple mediation model. The results showed that ethical leadership was positively related to employee creativity and that this relationship was mediated by knowledge sharing and self-efficacy.
AFET: Automatic Fine-Grained Entity Typing by Hierarchical Partial-Label Embedding

Distant supervision has been widely used in current systems of ﬁne-grained entity typing to automatically assign categories (entity types) to entity mentions. However, the types so obtained from knowledge bases are often incorrect for the entity mention’s local context. This paper proposes a novel embedding method to separately model “clean” and “noisy” mentions, and incorporates the given type hierarchy to induce loss functions. We formulate a joint optimization problem to learn embeddings for mentions and type-paths, and develop an iterative algorithm to solve the problem. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, with an average 15% improvement in accuracy over the next best compared method 1 .
Packet Classification for Global Network View of Software-Defined Networking

In software-defined networking, applications are allowed to access a global view of the network so as to provide sophisticated functionalities, such as quality-oriented service delivery, automatic fault localization, and network verification. All of these functionalities commonly rely on a well-studied technology, packet classification. Unlike the conventional classification problem to search for the action taken at a single switch, the global network view requires to identify the network-wide behavior of the packet, which is defined as a combination of switch actions. Conventional classification methods, however, fail to well support network-wide behaviors, since the search space is complicatedly partitioned due to the combinations. This paper proposes a novel packet classification method that efficiently supports network-wide packet behaviors. Our method utilizes a compressed data structure named the multi-valued decision diagram, allowing it to manipulate the complex search space with several algorithms. Through detailed analysis, we optimize the classification performance as well as the construction of decision diagrams. Experiments with real network datasets show that our method identifies the packet behavior at 20.1 Mpps on a single CPU core with only 8.4 MB memory; by contrast, conventional methods failed to work even with 16 GB memory. We believe that our method is essential for realizing advanced applications that can fully leverage the potential of software-defined networking.
School-Parish Financial Linkages and the Viability of Urban Catholic Elementary Schools.

The issue of Catholic elementary-school survival is complex. This study found in general that astute management is more important than overall wealth. Major contributors to survival include integrated church/school financial planning; a combination of a certain level of church support for the school and efficient school management; and clarity about the role of the school in the Church's evangelical mission. The most vulnerable moments for the Catholic elementary schools, presuming otherwise strong management, are during times of sweeping neighborhood change. This study produced some financial ratios that may be helpful in strenghtening Catholic elementary schools.
The only study investigating the rapid prompting method has serious methodological flaws but data suggest the most likely outcome is prompt dependency

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Chen, G. M. , Yoder, K. J., Ganzel, B. L. , Goodwin, M. S. , & Belmonte, M. K. (2012). Harnessing repetitive behaviors to engage attention and learning in a novel therapy for autism: an exploratory analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1–16 Source of funding and disclosure of interest: The study was funded by Faculty Early Career Development Award from Cornell University, Department of Human Development, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, US National Science Foundation. No financial conflict of interest was reported.
Isolation of Mercury-binding Peptides in Vegetative Parts of Chromolaena odorata

Abstract Mercury-binding peptides from roots, stems, and leaves of Hg-treated Chromolaena odorata plants were isolated and partially characterized using RP-HPLC and ESI-MS. Upon exposure of C. odorata plants to high concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 μᴍ Hg(NO3)2 treatments from 0-28 days, they accumulated as much as 125 mg/g (dry wt) Hg in the roots, 15.280 mg/g (dry wt) Hg in the stems, and 0.800 mg/g (dry wt) Hg in the leaves indicating that C. odorata has a high potential as a phytoremediation agent of inorganic mercury. The plant’s ability to accumulate and sequester Hg ions was primarily attributed to the production of Hgbinding peptides, which were initially detected through the use of Ellman’s reagent. Isolation techniques using RP-HPLC equipped with a C18 column manifested a single prominent peak consistently appearing at a retention time of 2.6-2.8 min in all the plant samples treated with different Hg concentrations at varying lengths of exposure. Further characterization of this prominent peak using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a peptide containing several cysteine residues with the highest peak concentration recorded at 91 mV and 89 mV in roots and stems of plants treated with 2.0 μᴍ Hg(NO3)2 for 4 wk (P < 0.05) and 85 mV in leaves treated with 1.0 μᴍ Hg(NO3)2 for 1 wk.
The Rise of the New Professionals? The restructuring of primary teachers’ work and professionalism

Abstract This article explores teachers’ reactions to changing management cultures and argues for a complex reading of their responses. Data from an ethnographic study of a primary school are used to illustrate the restructuring of the teachers’ work since the mid‐1980s. Different teacher strategies were developed in response to changes in the managerial control of their work and dominant management constructions of professionalism. Whereas teachers in an occupational culture, the ‘old professionals’, largely resisted the changes but subsequently left the school or left teaching, the ‘new professionals’ complied with some of management's changed expectations of them, but resisted others. In the new managerialist culture the teachers experienced new forms of control and their roles increasingly included managerial tasks. The article concludes by suggesting that measures for policing teachers’ work, such as inspection and school self‐management may limit the spaces in which teachers can use strategies of re.
Influence of systematic gate alignment variations on static characteristics in DG-SB-MOSFETs

The main objective of this paper is to study the effects of variability in the position of the gates in Double-Gate Schottky-barrier MOSFETs by means of the Monte Carlo method. Taking a device with double gate and perfectly aligned contacts as a starting point, simulations were systematically performed to assess the impact of different types of gate misalignment that may appear. A complete picture of the problem is provided in relation to static device parameters, determining the influence of these factors on performance variability. Results manifest that SB-MOSFETs are extremely sensitive to gate misalignment, as, in extreme cases, drain current can reach relative variations up to 120%. This comes as a result of the carrier injection alterations when the gate potential positioning leads to fluctuations in the tunnel barrier which is at the source contact.
RF Operation of Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond Field Effect Transistors: A Comparative Study

Three sets of different gate-length field-effect transistors (250, 120, and 50 nm) have been defined on homoepitaxial hydrogen-terminated diamond with the 50-nm device being the smallest gate length diamond transistor fabricated to date. DC- and small-signal RF measurements were undertaken to compare the operation of these gate nodes. RF small-signal equivalent circuits were generated to contrast individual components and better understand the operation at various gate dimensions. Scaling the gate length to smaller dimensions leads to an increase in the cutoff frequency of these devices although parasitic elements are found to dominate at the shortest gate length of 50 nm, limiting the outstanding potential of these devices.
Phase II prospective open-label trial of recombinant interleukin-11 in women with mild von Willebrand disease and refractory menorrhagia

Summary Lack of effective treatment for menorrhagia is the greatest unmet healthcare need in women with von Willebrand disease (VWD). We conducted a single-centre phase II clinical trial to determine efficacy and safety of recombinant IL-11 (rhIL-11, Neumega®) given subcutaneously for up to seven days during six consecutive menstrual cycles each in seven women with mild VWD and menorrhagia refractory to haemostatic or hormonal agents. rhIL-11 reduced menstrual bleeding severity as measured by pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) ≥50% (to <100) in 71% of subjects, cycle severity ≥50% in 71%, and bleeding duration ≥2 days in 85%, all p≤0.01. After rhIL-11, plasma VWF:RCo increased 1.1-fold, but did not correlate with PBAC, r=0.116, bleeding duration, r=0.318, or cycle severity, r=-0.295, or hsCRP, r=-0.003, all p>0.05. Platelet VWF mRNA expression by quantitative PCR increased mean four-fold (1.0–13.5). rhIL-11 was well tolerated with grade 1 or less fluid retention, flushing, conjunctival erythema, and local bruising. In summary, rhIL-11 reduces menorrhagia safely and warrants further study.
The Role of Group Schema in the Selection of Influence Attempts

Subjects rated how likely they would be to use threats and promises to resolve interpersonal, intergroup, and international conflicts. Threats were rated as more likely to be employed in intergroup and international than in interpersonal disputes; promises were rated as more likely to be employed in interpersonal than in intergroup or international disputes. Questions dealing with subjects' general impressions regarding type of conflict revealed that subjects differed in their perceptions of interpersonal and intergroup conflicts. For example, interpersonal disputes were seen as being safer than intergroup or international disputes. In addition, subjects differed in their perceptions of intergroup and international conflict; subjects thought it was more important to do well, use strength, and employ physical force in international conflict than in intergroup or interpersonal conflict. The results are discussed in terms of the group schema hypothesis, and a recommendation is made for researchers to make a distinction between intergroup and interpersonal conflict
Relationship between response to risperidone, plasma concentrations of risperidone and CYP3A4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients

In this study, we examined the relationships between plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone and polymorphisms of CYP3A4. All 130 schizophrenia patients (45 men, 85 women, age 15—60 years) who met DSM-IV criteria were given risperidone for 8 weeks. Clinical efficacy was determined using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). CYP3A4*1G was found to be associated with the change in total PANSS scores (Kruskal—Wallis test, P = 0.021), which was not significant on adjusting for multiple testing. Our study has, for the first time, conducted a genetic association study of the CYP3A4 gene with risperidone response. Further studies on larger groups and on the effects of the longer term risperidone treatment are needed to confirm these results.
Attention and target selection for smooth pursuit eye movements

Two rhesus monkeys were trained to track a small moving target in the presence of a moving distractor. The target and distractor were distinguished by their color. Smooth pursuit eye movements were quantified in terms of the latency of the eye movement and the open- loop eye acceleration profile. Smooth pursuit latencies for single targets were on the order of 100 msec. When the target was paired with a distractor moving in the same direction as the target, pursuit latencies decreased to roughly 85 msec. When the target was paired with a distractor moving in the opposite direction, pursuit latencies increased to roughly 150 msec. The motion of the distractor had no significant effect on the eye acceleration profile. Experiments were performed to dissociate visual search for the target from pursuit initiation by providing a spatial cue rather than the color cue. These experiments showed that visual search necessarily preceded pursuit initiation only when the distractor moved in the opposite direction relative to the target. In this case, visual search contributed about 25 msec to the overall latency of pursuit. Control experiments showed that the monkey need not attend to the distractor in order for it to influence the latency of pursuit. A network model was developed in which units that represent the motions of the target and distractor compete against one another. Attention serves to bias the outcome of this competition toward the direction of the selected target. The performance of this network exhibits a striking parallel to the effect of the distractor on smooth pursuit latency.
Adjusting Self-Reported Attitudinal Data for Mischievous Respondents

For various reasons, survey participants may submit phoney attitudinal self-reports meant to bypass researcher scepticism. After suggesting reasons for this new category of problematic survey participant - the mischievous respondent (MR) - and reviewing related response bias, faking, inattentive respondent and outlier literatures, an initial algorithm for removing such respondents from polychotomous attitudinal data sets is posited. Applied to four data sets, this algorithm marginally reduced EFA cross loadings and improved CFA model fit. Although purging subtly suspicious cases is not standard practice, the extant literature indicates that such algorithms can reduce artifactual statistical findings substantially.
Workforce development and challenging behaviour: training staff to treat, to manage or to cope?

Staff working directly with adults’ challenging behaviours in learning disability services need to be very good at what they do. They also need to want to do the job. A theory—practice gap exists, however, between what is known about effective, evidence-based approaches and whether and how these are used in person-centred community services. Many frontline staff working with people with the most serious challenging behaviours do not have the skills to implement programmes to change behaviour. This discussion article reviews workforce development in the context of clinical and service guidelines and asks whether the legitimate purview of frontline staff is treating challenging behaviour, managing it or simply coping with it on a daily basis, whilst maintaining the best quality of life possible for service users.
Does this patient have myasthenia gravis?

CONTEXT Clinicians must be able to diagnose myasthenia gravis, since delays in establishing the diagnosis may put patients at risk for complications from this treatable disease. OBJECTIVE To determine if items in the history and examination or results of simple tests change the likelihood of myasthenia gravis as a diagnosis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE search of English-language articles (January 1966-January 2005) using the terms myasthenia gravis, diagnosis, and test, and a search of bibliographies of retrieved articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies evaluating a particular symptom or sign in patients both with and without myasthenia gravis. Of 640 articles retrieved, 33 were eligible for review. Of these, 15 met inclusion criteria and form the basis of this review. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently reviewed each study to determine eligibility, abstracted data using a standardized instrument, and classified study quality using previously published criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS A history of "speech becoming unintelligible during prolonged speaking" and the presence of the peek sign increase the likelihood of myasthenia gravis (likelihood ratio [LR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-17.0 and LR, 30.0; 95% CI, 3.2-278.0, respectively). Their absence does not significantly reduce the likelihood of myasthenia gravis. The identified studies only assessed 1 other historical feature and sign each ("food remaining in the mouth after swallowing" and quiver eye movements, respectively), and neither of these significantly changes the likelihood of myasthenia. The ice test is useful when the response is abnormal (summary positive LR, 24.0; 95% CI, 8.5-67.0) and diminishes the likelihood of myasthenia gravis when the response is normal (summary negative LR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.09-0.27). A positive response to an anticholinesterase medication (mainly edrophonium test) increases the probability of a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (summary positive LR, 15.0; 95% CI, 7.5-31.0), and a negative response reduces the diagnostic probability of myasthenia (summary negative LR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.06-0.21). An abnormal sleep test result is useful in confirming the diagnosis (LR, 53.0; 95% CI, 3.4-832.0). The rest and sleep tests make the probability of myasthenia unlikely when results are normal (LR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29-0.95 and LR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Items in the history and physical examination along with results of certain simple tests performed in the office (ice test, sleep test, and edrophonium test) are useful in predicting the likelihood of myasthenia gravis. These results must be interpreted with caution, however, given the high prevalence of disease in the populations reported in clinical studies. This review is limited by the small number of signs and symptoms scientifically studied and reported in the literature. Future studies evaluating the value of common historical features and easy maneuvers commonly known and practiced by experts in the clinical diagnosis of myasthenia are needed.