Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guadalupe pluton-Mariposa Formation age relationships in the southern Sierran Foothills: Onset of Mesozoic subduction in northern

We report a new 153 ± 2 Ma SIMS U-Pb date for zircons from the hypabyssal Guadalupe pluton which crosscuts and contact metamorphoses upper crustal Mariposa slates in the southern Sierra. A ~950 m thick section of dark metashales lies below sandstones from which clastic zircons were analyzed at 152 ± 2 Ma. Assuming a compacted depositional rate of ~120 m/Myr, accumulation of Mariposa volcanogenic sediments, which overlie previously stranded Middle Jurassic and older ophiolite + chert-argillite belts in the Sierran Foothills, began no later than ~160 Ma. Correlative Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian strata of the Galice Formation occupy a similar position in the Klamath Mountains. We speculate that the Late Jurassic was a time of transition from (1) a mid-Paleozoic–Middle Jurassic interval of mainly but not exclusively strike-slip and episodic docking of oceanic terranes; (2) to transpressive plate underflow, producing calcalkaline igneous arc rocks ± outboard blueschists at ~170–150 Ma, whose erosion promoted accumulation of the Mariposa-Galice overlap strata; (3) continued transpressive underflow attending ~200 km left-lateral displacement of the Klamath salient relative to the Sierran arc at ~150–140 Ma and development of the apparent polar wander path cusps for North and South America; and (4) then nearly orthogonal mid and Late Cretaceous convergence commencing at ~125–120 Ma, during reversal in tangential motion of the Pacific plate. After ~120 Ma, nearly head-on subduction involving minor dextral transpression gave rise to voluminous continent-building juvenile and recycled magmas of the Sierran arc, providing the erosional debris to the Great Valley fore arc and Franciscan trench.
Understanding how sexually active women think about fertility, sex and motherhood / Jo Murphy-Lawless, Laury Oaks, Clare Brady

The subject of this report is the perceptions of Irish women in the general age range of 20-30 about fertility, sex, and motherhood. The report captures the meanings young women attribute to their fertility and fertility-related decisions in relation to lifeobjectives and women’s changing roles in education, careers, relationships, and motherhood. The report uses data drawn from qualitative interviews (twenty individual case studies and twelve focus groups; the total sample is 66 women with an age range of 19-34). The research reflects the views of a diverse group of women by socio-economic status, geographic location, and relationship history. The data demonstrate a need for greater support for young Irish women in the range and variety of their decision making about fertility, sex and motherhood.
Fundamental Limitations in the Measurement of Corona and Partial Discharge

The theoretical sensitivity of conventional partial discharge detectors is compared with that obtained from ultra wideband (UWB) (up to l GHz) detection systems. The comparison indicates that for relatively lossfree distributed systems, such as SF6 insulated bus, the UWB system is up to two orders of magnitude more sensitive. UWB detection also embodies additional advantages such as facilitating the location of discharge sites and the rejection of external electrical noise. For discharge detection in plastic-insulated cables, true UWB detection is not practical because of frequency-dependent attenuation effects, although certain gains in sensitivity can be achieved with a detector bandwidth of up to 10 MHz.
Low‐protein medium affects the 293SF central metabolism during growth and infection with adenovirus

In this study the metabolism of 293SF cells grown in serum‐free and low‐protein medium was analyzed. This cell line is known for its ability to replicate recombinant adenovirus, mainly used in gene tzherapy applications. A complete model composed of the main glycolytic, glutaminolytic, and amino acids pathways, as well as the internalization fluxes of certain compounds into the mitochondria, is used for metabolic flux calculations. The pentose‐phosphate cycle is also added to the biochemical reactions set and was independently measured with labeled 14C‐glucose. Different feeding strategies in two different media were analyzed with the model, and the theoretical ATP production was also calculated. The two media were similar in their glucose and amino acid composition, but one contained BSA at 1g/L whereas the other had a very low protein content. Use of low‐protein medium resulted in up to fourfold higher adenoviral vector production. In this medium, glucose utilization was more efficient, as it entered the TCA cycle more efficiently. Also, lower glutamine and amino acids consumption were observed as well as lower lactate and ammonia production. This increased TCA activity led to a twofold higher ATP production in the low‐protein medium. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 91–104, 2002.
La reproduction : Elements pour une théorie du système d'enseignement

Ouvrage deja ancien, c'est pourtant a lui que se referent encore de nombreux auteurs aujourd'hui. Bourdieu et Passeron y demontrent comment l'ecole est un instrument de reproduction sociale au service des classes dominantes. Pour ces auteurs, la reussite scolaire des enfants de milieu favorise s'explique par leur heritage culturel. En fonction du milieu social d'origine, les individus disposent en effet d'un capital culturel different. Or, c'est precisement le capital culturel des classes dominantes que valorise l'ecole. Les enseignants sont les agents reproducteurs de la distribution sociale puisqu'ils valorisent les habitus culturels - c'est-a-dire les 'dispositions durables qui guident les perceptions, les representations' - des classes dominantes, favorisant la reussite de leurs enfants et defavorisant celle des enfants de milieux populaires dont les habitus n'ont pas droit de cite a l'ecole. Qui plus est, l'ecole produit l'illusion de l'independance et de la neutralite scolaires, illusion qui contribue a l'efficacite de sa contribution a la reproduction de l'ordre etabli. Elle exerce ainsi une violence symbolique sur les familles de milieu populaire en les soumettant au verdict de l'echec et en leur faisant interioriser leur responsabilite dans cet echec, legitimant ainsi leur place dans la structure sociale.
Virus infection as a function of the host cell life cycle: replication of poliovirus RNA.

Summary The rates of synthesis and final yields of poliovirus RNA varied considerably during the four main phases (G1, S, G2 and m) of the life cycle of synchronized HeLa cells. The rate of RNA synthesis late in virus growth (as measured by uridine incorporation 2 to 4 hr after infection) and the final yield of RNA rose sharply if growth was initiated towards the end of phase S; that is, RNA was synthesized most rapidly if cells were infected during the period of most rapid DNA synthesis. In contrast, the initial rate of RNA synthesis (incorporation 0 to 2 hr after infection) was greatest if growth was initiated at the end of phase G2, just before mitosis. This differential effect on growth kinetics suggests that the balance between the two stages of virus RNA synthesis (production of complementary minus strands and of progeny plus strands) is dependent on unknown cellular factors.
Unified models for active galactic nuclei and quasars

Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
Modeling of copper sulphide migration in paper oil insulation of transformers

Corrosion of copper due to sulphur in oil has affected the performance of transformers. The fundamental processes governing corrosion of copper due to sulphur in oil are still not well understood. In this paper, the dielectric performance of paper oil insulation under conditions of copper sulphide is discussed based on changes in capacitance, Insulation resistance and Partial discharges. Electric field analysis using FEM and PD results are employed to develop an empirical model to predict PD inception of paper oil insulation when copper sulphide is present. A simple model is also proposed to explain progressive copper sulphide migration in paper insulation. The non-linear V-I characteristics of copper sulphide is discussed to explain the breakdown of paper-oil insulation.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells suppress murine corneal allograft rejection by modulating CD28/CTLA‐4 expression on regulatory T cells

Anterior chamber‐associated immune deviation (ACAID) is initiated when dendritic cells (DCs) capture intraocular antigen and induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen. We investigated whether DCs could be used as an immunotherapy to prevent murine corneal allograft rejection by inducing Tregs. Bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) were differentiated with transforming growth factor‐β2 (TGF‐β2) in the presence of donor‐derived allopeptide in vitro (TGFβ2‐DCs), and adoptively transferred to BALB/c mice. Three days later a corneal allograft transplant was carried out. Graft rejection, as well as the number and the phenotype of splenic Tregs, were determined after transplant. CD86, CD80, CD40 were present, and MHC class II expression were significantly reduced on TGFβ2‐DCs compared to BMDCs not exposed to TGF‐β2. TGFβ2‐DCs increased the number of splenic Tregs (CD4+CD25+) in recipient mice prior to transplant by modulating CD28/CTLA‐4 expression. These induced Tregs suppressed proliferation of CD4+CD25− T cells ex vivo. TGFβ2‐DCs delayed corneal allograft rejection and TGFβ2‐DC recipient mice had significantly more splenic Tregs expressing Foxp3 and CTLA‐4, but fewer CD28+ Tregs. Expression of GITR, CD69, and CD45RB were similar in TGFβ2‐DC and control mice. Therefore, the phenotype of TGFβ2‐DCs suggests they are tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). In vivo, these cells increased the number and function of Tregs by modulating CD28/CTLA‐4 expression. The suppressor Tregs induced by TGFβ2‐DCs may be involved in the induction of ACAID, which helps to suppress corneal allograft rejection. Our results provide proof of principle for the use of tolDCs as immunotherapy during transplant.
The Politics of Internet Communication

The Politics of Internet Communication. Robert Klotz. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. 257 pp. $600.00 hbk. $26.95 pbk. Book cover blurbs suffer from an unavoidable credibility problem. They all proclaim "Buy this book," or else they wouldn't be there. In the case of The Politics of Internet Communication, they are to be believed, for the most part. The book is, above all, as Mark Joslyn says in his blurb, "clear, concise, and packed full of useful empirical data and historically rich detail. " Examples range from the digital divide to the Internet paradox; the failed federal information gateway; the mythic 5-cent e-mail tax; the 2000 South Korean presidential elections; dolekemp96.org; papalvisitl999.com; peta.org; and a comprehensive treatment of Internet law and regulation that includes the alphabet soup of ACPA, CDA, CIPA, COPA, COPPA, DMCA, EFOIA, ICANN, ITFA, and others. The Politics of Internet Communication certainly also "addresses important issues" about the news business and Web-based politics, as Philip Seib proclaims in his blurb. But in addition to politics on the Internet it also extends to what Klotz, a political science professor at the University of Southern Maine, calls the politics "of" the Internet. That is both a strength and a weakness. The scope of the book, and its depth as mentioned, is admirable, but it is also somewhat loosely bounded. In some sense, when Klotz extends the politics "of" the Internet to include "the political meaning of Internet experiences" almost anything to do with the Internet is fair game. Indeed, The Politics of Internet Communication could almost as easily suggest a book about power relationships, gender, identity, and other aspects of computermediated communication. The problem, then, is less with the book's content, which does keep mostly to party politics, social movements, and government legislation, regulation, and use of the Net, than it is with its title. Klotz may, in the end, give readers "a clear and compelling overview of important developments that will reshape politics in the twenty-first century" as Scott Althaus blurbs. But sweeping statements about the author's "compelling" analyses and assertions are by definition open to dispute, at least more than are claims about factual content or the clarity of the writer's prose. So it is natural that the reader might remain unconvinced by the blurbs and unswayed by Klotz's central assertion that the Internet "acts to strengthen the relationship between citizens and leaders," as Joslyn put it. …
ACEPHALINE GREGARINE PARASITES (MONOCYSTIS SP.) ARE NOT TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AMONG THEIR LUMBRICID EARTHWORM HOSTS

The precise transmission mode(s) of acephaline gregarines in their earthworm hosts has long been questioned, yet a rigorous experimental evaluation of sexual transmission is currently lacking. That Monocystis sp. , a common gregarine parasite of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, infects the sexual organs of its host is suggestive of sexual transmission. Considering the divergent evolutionary consequences of various modes of transmission, excluding or proving sexual transmission in this host– parasite system is critical to fully understanding it. We cultured uninfected earthworms from cocoons and subsequently mated them to either an infected or uninfected partner (from the wild). We then compared these individuals with an orally infected group, which were infected using a newly developed gavage (oral injection) method. Our data have unambiguously established that (1) horizontal sexual transmission does not play a significant role in the transmission of Monocystis sp. , and (2) oral transmission through the soil is likely the principal mode of transmission between earthworms. This finding is important to models of mate-choice because infection avoidance does not appear to drive mating decisions. Finally, we further report a successful and relatively simple method to obtain infection-free individuals, which can subsequently be infected via oral gavage and used in empirical studies.
Assessment of hirsutism among Korean women: results of a randomly selected sample of women seeking pre-employment physical check-up.

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to define the distribution of the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mF-G) score in a random group of Korean women and to study any association(s) between hirsutism and endocrine/metabolic markers. METHODS A single investigator assessed the mF-G score prospectively in 1010 Korean women, who consulted a health-care center as part of a group check-up for employment. Logistic regression models were utilized to test the relationships between the presence of hirsutism and levels of endocrine/metabolic markers. RESULTS Subjects had mF-G scores ranging from 0 to 19, and 505 subjects (50.0%) had an mF-G score of zero. Of the 1010 subjects, 95.1% had a score at or below six; thus, a score of six or greater represented hirsute women in our population. The most frequently affected site was the upper back, but the most densely affected area was found to be the lower abdomen. Hirsutism was significantly and positively associated with serum levels of total testosterone (T) and hemoglobin A1(c), but negatively associated with those of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). In addition, the odds of a woman developing hirsutism were higher for increased total T and HbA1(c), and lower for decreased SHBG. Hirsutism and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were positively associated, but the relationship was not significant after adjusting for age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS mF-G scores greater that six represent the appropriate diagnostic cutoff for the detection of hirsutism in Korean women. Increased serum total T and HbA1(c,) and decreased SHBG concentrations were associated with the presence of hirsutism.
Micropuncture Measurement of Microvascular Pressures in Isolated Lamb Lungs During Hypoxia

To study the effect of alveolar hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation of the newborn, we determined the longitudinal distribution of vascular pressures and the distribution of blood flow in isolated blood perfused lungs of newborn lambs during normoxla and hypoxia. We also examined the effect of hypoxia on the slope and intercept of the vascular pressure-flow (P/Q) relation. In 14 lungs, we used the micropipette servonulling technique to measure pressures in 20–80 μm subpleural arterioles and venules during normoxia and hypoxia at constant blood flow. In 5 other lungs, we used radiolabelled mlcrospheres to determine the effect of hypoxia on regional distribution of blood flow. Under baseline normoxic conditions, segmental pressure drops in arteries, microvessels, and veins were approximately equal. During hypoxia pulmonary artery pressure always increased, resulting in a 60% increase in total vascular resistance. All segmental pressure drops increased with hypoxia. Arterial and venous pressure drops Increased by 80 and 70% respectively, contributing almost equally to the increase in total pulmonary vascular resistance. Regional distribution of blood flow was uniform during nor: moxia and was unchanged during hypoxia. Hypoxia increased both the slope and intercept of the P/Q relation significantly, with an increase in fluid filtration rate. We conclude that in the newborn lamb alveolar hypoxia leads to pulmonary arterial and venous constriction, resulting in increased microvascular pressure and fluid nitration.
A Nation of Immigrants

1. Introduction 2. 'Gentlemen, tradesmen, serving-men, libertines' 3. 'A city upon a hill' 4. 'The seed of the nation' 5. Immigration and the formation of the republic 6. Building a nation: 1830-1880 7. The golden door: 1880-1917 8. The triumph of restrictionism: 1882-1924 9. Turning inward: 1924-1964 10. 'A nation of immigrants': 1965-1994 11. A nation of refuge 12. The Pennsylvania model at risk: 1993-2009 13. Looking ahead.
Underwater Application of Quantitative PCR on an Ocean Mooring

The Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) is a device that allows for the underwater, autonomous application of DNA and protein probe array technologies as a means to remotely identify and quantify, in situ, marine microorganisms and substances they produce. Here, we added functionality to the ESP through the development and incorporation of a module capable of solid-phase nucleic acid extraction and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Samples collected by the instrument were homogenized in a chaotropic buffer compatible with direct detection of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and nucleic acid purification. From a single sample, both an rRNA community profile and select gene abundances were ascertained. To illustrate this functionality, we focused on bacterioplankton commonly found along the central coast of California and that are known to vary in accordance with different oceanic conditions. DNA probe arrays targeting rRNA revealed the presence of 16S rRNA indicative of marine crenarchaea, SAR11 and marine cyanobacteria; in parallel, qPCR was used to detect 16S rRNA genes from the former two groups and the large subunit RuBisCo gene (rbcL) from Synecchococcus. The PCR-enabled ESP was deployed on a coastal mooring in Monterey Bay for 28 days during the spring-summer upwelling season. The distributions of the targeted bacterioplankon groups were as expected, with the exception of an increase in abundance of marine crenarchaea in anomalous nitrate-rich, low-salinity waters. The unexpected co-occurrence demonstrated the utility of the ESP in detecting novel events relative to previously described distributions of particular bacterioplankton groups. The ESP can easily be configured to detect and enumerate genes and gene products from a wide range of organisms. This study demonstrated for the first time that gene abundances could be assessed autonomously, underwater in near real-time and referenced against prevailing chemical, physical and bulk biological conditions.
Ultraviolet light‐C increases antioxidant capacity of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) in vitro and in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats

Abstract Flavonoids and polyphenols from the strawberry and other fruits have been proposed to reduce the oxidative stress produced by the obesity and her complications. Moreover, it has been proposed that irradiation with UV‐C to strawberry may increase the antioxidant capacity of this fruit. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of the UV‐C on antioxidant capacity of strawberry in vitro and in vivo. Strawberry slices were irradiated with ultraviolet light‐C (UV‐C) at 1.2 W/m2/16.5 min; then, the power antioxidant was isolated from the nonirradiated and irradiated strawberry slices into an organic phase, which was lyophilized to finally producing a nonirradiated strawberry extract (NSE) and UV‐irradiated strawberry extract (UViSE) powder. After the antioxidant capacity of both extracts were determined in vitro using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and in vivo using high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats. Our results demonstrated that irradiation with UV‐C to strawberry slices increased the antioxidants content, which was corroborated in vitro, where the antioxidant capacity of UViSE was higher than the NSE. However, in obese rats, the reduction in the oxidative damage by the UViSE and NSE were similar in peripheral tissues. Interestingly, the UViSE was better than the NSE to reduce the oxidative damage in brain. In conclusion, UV‐irradiation increases the antioxidants content of strawberry that is correlated with an increased antioxidant capacity in vitro, but in rats, this antioxidant capacity may be more effective in brain than in peripheral tissues.
SH3-mediated Hck Tyrosine Kinase Activation and Fibroblast Transformation by the Nef Protein of HIV-1*

Tyrosine kinases of the Src family are regulated via their Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains. The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has previously been shown to bind with high affinity and specificity in vitro to the SH3 domain of Hck, a Src family member expressed primarily in myeloid cells. However, the effect of Nef on Hck activity in living cells is unknown. Here we show that Rat-2 fibroblasts co-expressing Hck and Nef rapidly developed transformed foci, whereas control cells expressing either protein alone did not. Nef formed a stable complex with Hck and stimulated its tyrosine kinase activity in vivo. Mutagenesis of the Nef proline-rich motif essential for SH3 binding completely blocked complex formation, kinase activation, and transformation, indicating that the Nef SH3-binding function is required for its effects on Hck. These results provide direct evidence that SH3 engagement is sufficient to activate a Src family kinasein vivo and suggest that Hck may be activated by Nef in HIV-infected macrophages.