Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing Organization Culture through Enforcing Head Nurses Transformational Leadership Style

Organizational cultures are created by leaders, and one of the most decisive functions of leadership may be the creation, the management, and when that may become necessary, the destruction of culture. Culture and leadership, when one examines them closely, are two sides of the same coin and neither can really be understood by itself. From this point of view, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of enforcing head nurses transformational leadership style on reconstruction of organizational culture. The study was conducted at Paediatric Hospital - Mansoura University. It was carried out on two groups who working in different hospital units; the first group consisted of (n=27) head nurses and the second group included (n=137) staff nurses. Two tools were used for data collection. Multiple choice questions (MCQ) test is contained 37 questions to measure the level of defining, understanding, and practicing the head nurses to transformational leadership style. The second tool was Organizational Culture Assessment Sheet (OCAS). It is contained of 84 items which used to investigate the perception of staff nurses as regarding their organization culture. The results are showed significant difference and greater awareness of transformational leadership style of head nurses who succeed in raising staff nurses perception of their organizational culture. So, the present study recommended that designing training programs continuously for head nurses to improve transformational leadership style and empower the concept of transformational organizational culture.
Two abundant intramolecular transposition products, resulting from reactions initiated at a single end, suggest that IS2 transposes by an unconventional pathway

The Escherichia coli insertion sequence, IS2, is a member of the IS3 family of bacterial transposable elements. Its transposase is a fusion protein, OrfAB, made by a programmed −1 translational frameshift near to the end of orfA and just after the start of orfB. We have characterized two major products of IS2 intramolecular transposition, which accumulate in cells that express the IS2 OrfAB fusion protein at elevated levels. The more abundant product is a minicircle composed of the complete IS2 with just a single basepair (occasionally 2 bp) separating the two IS ends. In all cases, this basepair is derived from the vector sequence immediately adjacent to the left IS2 end (IRL). The second product is a figure‐eight molecule that contains all the IS2 and vector sequences present in the parental plasmid. One DNA strand contains the parental sequences unrearranged. The other contains a single‐stranded version of the minicircle junction — the precise 3′ end of IRR has been cleaved and joined to a target just outside the 5′ end of IRL; the remaining vector sequences have a free 5′ end, derived from cleavage at the 3′ end of IRR, and a free 3′ end, released upon cleavage of the target site adjacent to IRL. We propose that figure‐eight molecules are the precursor to IS2 minicircles and that the formation of these two products is the initial step in IS2 intermolecular transposition. This proposed transposition pathway provides a means for a transposase that can cleave only one strand at each IS end to produce simple insertions and avoid forming co‐integrates.
Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus with Hemispherectomy: A Note of Caution

To the Editor: The report by Duane et al. (1) on the treatment of status epilepticus with hemispherectomy contains several significant laterality and technical items (not mentioned by the respected authors) deserving comments: The (presumably) right-handed boy that they described had silent status for several days before the process was interrupted by the injection of pentobarbital (PTB) into the right carotid artery. Injection in the left carotid seems to have affected only the activity in the left hemisphere (see Fig. 3b of their article). This asymmetry corroborates the assertion that the influence of the major hemisphere (in this case, the right) on the minor (the left) via the callosum is one way and that the said influence is excitatory in nature (2–4). The technical aspect relates to the fact that the EEG run at higher speed showed the temporal precedence of the epileptic events occurring in the major hemisphere compared with those in the minor by an estimated 50–60 ms (p. 1002, and Fig. 2). This corresponds to the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT). The EEG at lower speed did not provide such information. Rather, the EEG at conventional speed was misleading in suggesting a “bilateral independent spike” on two different occasions (p. 1001, and Fig. 2A). According to the callosal circuitry just delineated and described in detail elsewhere (2–4), this patient was right hemispheric in his laterality of motor control (including that of speech, as the most obvious task in indicating such characteristics). This is evident from the fact that postoperatively the patient “had paucity of speech for 1 month, although the patient’s speech was presumed to be left hemisphere dominant. ” We were not informed whether this assumption was based on the patient’s behavioral handedness or the result of the amytal testing. At any rate, the speech impediment (aphasia) showed that it was an incorrect assumption. Similar examples may be found in the recent literature reviewed elsewhere (2). We were not informed as to the resolution of the language problem. According to the anatomy under discussion, only the major hemisphere is capable of initiating seizures (excluding those instances with a nondominant lesion causing increased intracranial pressure, thus affecting the major hemisphere) (2). Therefore in the case described by the authors, no need exists for continuation of anticonvulsants after the removal of the major hemisphere (p. 1004). Given the panorama of procedures used in this case, it is obvious that (with the exception of high-speed EEG) none of them provided secure guidance in bringing the situation to successful conclusion. Elsewhere I have shown that such guidance can be obtained noninvasively by determining the reaction time of two similar effectors on each side of the body (4). The side closer to the command center will have a shorter reaction time by an amount commensurate to IHTT (see earlier). I would be grateful to the authors for answers regarding the issue of language recovery in this patient.
Induction of multiple signaling loops by MuSK during neuromuscular synapse formation

At the neuromuscular junction, two motor neuron-derived signals have been implicated in the regulation of synaptogenesis. Neuregulin-1 is thought to induce transcription of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) genes in subsynaptic muscle nuclei by activating ErbB receptors. Neural agrin aggregates AChRs by activating the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK. Here, we show that these two signals act sequentially. Agrin, by activating MuSK, induces the synthesis and aggregation of both MuSK and ErbB receptors. ErbB acts downstream of MuSK in synapse formation. In this way, MuSK activation leads to the establishment of a neuregulin-1-dependent signaling complex that maintains MuSK, ErbB, and AChR expression at the synapse of electrically active muscle fibers.
Nickel ions release in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

AIM The extent to which orthodontic appliances can cause contact allergies due to nickel release is a controversial matter. Since the data provided by literature are contrasting, the Authors think that it is important to analyse nickel ions released in organic tissues by means of a plasma spectrometer. METHODS About 100 intact hairs were taken from 15 patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. The hairs had been washed 12 to 24 h before, in order to limit environmental contamination. The same procedure was carried out on a control group corresponding in sex, age and abode. The samples of hair were taken from at least 3 different scalp sites: frontal, vertex and occipital areas. RESULTS According to the spectrophotometric analysis of the hair, there were no differences in nickel concentrations between the test group (0.50 mg/g on average) and control group (0.64 mg/g) (*P<0.005). The mean value was reduced even further if minimum and maximum values were excluded (test group 0.46 mg/g, control group 0.52 mg/g). Even though there was a slight difference (0.14 mg/g), it showed that more nickel concentration was found in the control sample (without orthodontic appliances) to a maximum of 2.20 mg/g. This suggests that environmental contamination, in particular diet, has an influence on ion concentration. Other studies also confirm that gut absorption of nickel released in the mouth by orthodontic appliances is much lower than the absorption of nickel release through diet. CONCLUSIONS It can be assumed that orthodontic appliances do not release significant values of nickel to be a risk factor to the patient's health.
Counting to ten milliseconds: Low-anger, but not high-anger, individuals pause following negative evaluations

Low-anger individuals are less reactive, both emotionally and behaviourally, to a large variety of situational primes to anger and aggression. Why this is so, from an affective processing perspective, has been largely conjectural. Four studies (total N=270) sought to link individual differences in anger to tendencies exhibited in basic affective processing tasks. On the basis of motivational factors and considerations, it was hypothesised that negative evaluations would differentially activate a psychological alarm system at low levels of anger, resulting in a pause that should be evident in the speed of making subsequent evaluations. Just such a pattern was evident in all studies. By contrast, high-anger individuals did not pause following their negative evaluations. In relation to this affective processing tendency, at least, dramatically different effects were observed among low- versus high-anger individuals. Implications for the personality-processing literature, theories of trait anger, and fast-acting regulatory processes are discussed.
Coaching and Mentoring Model Based on Teachers' Professional Development for Enhancing Their Teaching Competency in Schools (Thailand) Using Video Tape.

The study aims to develop coaching and mentoring model, study the usage findings in the model and to evaluate the activity management in the model by surveying 100 participant teachers’ opinion, under jurisdiction of the office of Mah Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area 1, Thailand. The model consisted of 3 steps and 4 phases including planning, process for development consisted of 4 phases including: training for coaching and mentoring (C&M), sharing and learning together, coaching and mentoring. In Phase 1, half of the teachers obtained comprehensive content, while in Phase 2, the teachers still lacked confidence in constructing the C&M system as well as professional learning community (PLC). They had anxiety in constructing the video and wanted to develop this skill. In phase 3 after follow up, the teachers had higher confidence. They had good attitude towards the construction for PLC, and were able to make plan in applying the C&M system in the classroom. In addition, they were train on how to use the program. The teachers shared their teaching experience as well as showed group leadership skills and shared value and vision in developing their teaching competency. Phase 4 found that there was propriety in teachers’ teaching competency in all of 4 dimensions including the classroom management, the knowledge, the teaching method, and the diagnosis. Key words: Teacher development, coaching and mentoring, video tape, teaching competency, professional learning community.
he effects of relationship quality and switching barriers on customer loyalty

Because the cost of attracting new customers is much higher than the cost of retaining old customers, keeping customers loyal is a crucial issue for service firms. This research explores how relationship quality and switching barriers influence customer loyalty. Relationship quality consists of two aspects: satisfaction and trust. Antecedents of satisfaction and trust are explored. To test the proposed research model, a survey research methodology was used. Paper survey was distributed to mobile phone users in Taiwan. A total of 311 valid questionnaires were returned. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. Satisfaction, trust, and switching barriers have positive effects on loyalty. In terms of antecedents, it was found that playfulness and service quality impact satisfaction while service quality and intimacy affect trust. From a managerial perspective, this research suggests that practitioner should not only keep improving service quality, but also provide playfulness to ensure customer satisfaction.
Isoflurane Decreases ATP Sensitivity of Guinea Pig Cardiac Sarcolemmal KATP Channel at Reduced Intracellular pH

Background Volatile anesthetics can protect the myocardium against ischemic injury by opening the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. However, direct evidence for anesthetic–channel interaction is still limited, and little is known about the role KATP channel modulators play in this effect. Because pH is one of the regulators of KATP channels, the authors tested the hypothesis that intracellular pH (pHi) modulates the direct interaction of isoflurane with the cardiac KATP channel. Methods The effects of isoflurane on sarcolemmal KATP channels were investigated at pHi 7.4 and pHi 6.8 in excised inside-out membrane patches from ventricular myocytes of guinea pig hearts. Results At pHi 7.4, intracellular ATP (1–1,000 &mgr;m) inhibited KATP channels and decreased channel open probability (Po) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 8 ± 1.5 &mgr;m, and isoflurane (0.5 mm) either had no effect or decreased channel activity. Lowering pHi from 7.4 to 6.8 enhanced channel opening by increasing Po and reduced channel sensitivity to ATP, with IC50 shifting from 8 ± 1.2 to 45 ± 5.6 &mgr;m. When applied to the channels activated at pHi 6.8, isoflurane (0.5 mm) increased Po and further reduced ATP sensitivity, shifting IC50 to 110 ± 10.0 &mgr;m. Conclusions Changes in pHi appear to modulate isoflurane interaction with the cardiac KATP channel. At pHi 6.8, which itself facilitates channel opening, isoflurane enhances channel activity by increasing Po and reduces sensitivity to inhibition by ATP without changing the unitary amplitude of single channel current or the conductance. These results support the hypothesis of direct isoflurane–KATP channel interaction that may play a role in cardioprotection by volatile anesthetics.
The transcriptional co-regulator Jab1 is crucial for chondrocyte differentiation in vivo

Summary The evolutionarily conserved transcriptional cofactor Jab1 plays critical roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis by modulating the activity of diverse factors and regulating the output of various signaling pathways. Although Jab1 can interact with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) downstream effector Smad5 to repress BMP signaling in vitro, the role of Jab1 in BMP-mediated skeletogenesis in vivo is still poorly understood. As a key regulator of skeletogenesis, BMP signaling regulates the critical Ihh-Pthrp feedback loop to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we utilized the loxP/Cre system to delineate the specific role of Jab1 in cartilage formation. Strikingly, Jab1 chondrocyte-specific knockout Jab1flox/flox; Col2a1-Cre (cKO) mutants exhibited neonatal lethal chondrodysplasia with severe dwarfism. In the mutant embryos, all the skeletal elements developed via endochondral ossification were extremely small with severely disorganized chondrocyte columns. Jab1 cKO chondrocytes exhibited increased apoptosis, G2 phase cell cycle arrest, and increased expression of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers Col10a1 and Runx2. Jab1 can also inhibit the transcriptional activity of Runx2, a key regulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Notably, our study reveals that Jab1 is likely a novel inhibitor of BMP signaling in chondrocytes in vivo. In Jab1 cKO chondrocytes, there was heightened expression of BMP signaling components including Gdf10/Bmp3b and of BMP targets during chondrocyte hypertrophy such as Ihh. Furthermore, Jab1 cKO chondrocytes exhibited an enhanced response to exogenous BMP treatment. Together, our study demonstrates that Jab1 represses chondrocyte hypertrophy in vivo, likely in part by downregulating BMP signaling and Runx2 activity.
Characterizing Genetic Diversity of Contemporary Pacific Chickens Using Mitochondrial DNA Analyses

Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region (HVR) sequences of prehistoric Polynesian chicken samples reflect dispersal of two haplogroups—D and E—by the settlers of the Pacific. The distribution of these chicken haplogroups has been used as an indicator of human movement. Recent analyses suggested similarities between prehistoric Pacific and South American chicken samples, perhaps reflecting prehistoric Polynesian introduction of the chicken into South America. These analyses have been heavily debated. The current distribution of the D and E lineages among contemporary chicken populations in the Western Pacific is unclear, but might ultimately help to inform debates about the movements of humans that carried them. Objectives We sought to characterize contemporary mtDNA diversity among chickens in two of the earliest settled archipelagoes of Remote Oceania, the Marianas and Vanuatu. Methods We generated HVR sequences for 43 chickens from four islands in Vanuatu, and for 5 chickens from Guam in the Marianas. Results Forty samples from Vanuatu and three from Guam were assigned to haplogroup D, supporting this as a Pacific chicken haplogroup that persists in the Western Pacific. Two haplogroup E lineages were observed in Guam and two in Vanuatu. Of the E lineages in Vanuatu, one was identical to prehistoric Vanuatu and Polynesian samples and the other differed by one polymorphism. Contrary to our expectations, we observed few globally distributed domesticate lineages not associated with Pacific chicken dispersal. This might suggest less European introgression of chickens into Vanuatu than expected. If so, the E lineages might represent lineages maintained from ancient Pacific chicken introductions. The Vanuatu sample might thus provide an opportunity to distinguish between maintained ancestral Pacific chicken lineages and replacement by global domesticates through genomic analyses, which could resolve questions of contemporary haplogroup E chicken relationships and inform interpretations of debated sequences from archaeological samples.
Tlx, an Orphan Nuclear Receptor, Regulates Cell Numbers and Astrocyte Development in the Developing Retina

Tlx belongs to a class of orphan nuclear receptors that underlies many aspects of neural development in the CNS. However, the fundamental roles played by Tlx in the control of eye developmental programs remain elusive. By using Tlx knock-out (KO) mice, we show here that Tlx is expressed by retinal progenitor cells in the neuroblastic layer during the period of retinal layer formation, and it is critical for controlling the generation of appropriate numbers of retinal progenies through the activities of cell cycle-related molecules, cyclin D1 and p27Kip1. Tlx expression is restricted to Müller cells in the mature retina and appears to control their proper development. Furthermore, we show that Tlx is expressed by immature astrocytes that migrate from the optic nerve onto the inner surface of the retina and is required for their generation and maturation, as assessed by honeycomb network formation and expression of R-cadherin, a critical component for vasculogenesis. The impaired astrocyte network formation on the inner retinal surface is accompanied by the loss of vasculogenesis in Tlx KO retinas. Our studies thus indicate that Tlx underlies a fundamental developmental program of retinal organization and controls the generation of the proper numbers of retinal progenies and development of glial cells during the protracted period of retinogenesis.
Hairy Goals and Organizational Fit: A Case of Implementing ICT-Supported Task Planning in a Large Hospital Region

ABSTRACT Most studies on goal-setting practices and organizational change examine their effects on employee motivation and performance. Goal-setting practices are treated as an independent variable, stimulating some social or individual response. Relatively few studies of organizational change have considered requirements of goal-setting practices linked to the characteristic features of the organization. In this study, we examined the significance of a fit between characteristic features of the organization and goal-setting practices. Empirical studies suggest that characteristics of the organization should be considered to fully understand the effects of goal-setting practices. A large hospital region in Norway indicated that the goal-setting practice resembles what is commonly known as ‘hairy goals’. These goals were well adapted to the characteristics of the case organization. In particular, they reduced the risk of a collision of rationalities among hospital employees. The low level of resistance and conflict in the case studied here stands out from the experience of other major organizational changes in the Norwegian hospital sector. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach utilizing governing documents from the health sector, interviews of key personnel, and an employee survey.
Emptying the Nest and Parental Well-Being: An Analysis of National Panel Data

Panel data from a national random sample are used to investigate the effects of children leaving home on parental well-being. The "empty nest" is associated with significant improvements in marital happiness for all parents, regardless of parent's or children's characteristics. Overall life satisfaction improves significantly only under two conditions: when there is frequent contact with nonresident children or when there were young teens in the 1983 household. For both measures of parental well-being, the positive effects of the empty nest appear to be strongest immediately after the children leave. These findings, coupled with the high levels of post-launching contact, suggest that while parents experience a modest post-launch honeymoon, the parental role remains important to parental well-being.
A role for insulator elements in the regulation of gene expression response to hypoxia

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) up-regulates the transcription of a few hundred genes required for the adaptation to hypoxia. This restricted set of targets is in sharp contrast with the widespread distribution of the HIF binding motif throughout the genome. Here, we investigated the transcriptional response of GYS1 and RUVBL2 genes to hypoxia to understand the mechanisms that restrict HIF activity toward specific genes. GYS1 and RUVBL2 genes are encoded by opposite DNA strands and separated by a short intergenic region (~1 kb) that contains a functional hypoxia response element equidistant to both genes. However, hypoxia induced the expression of GYS1 gene only. Analysis of the transcriptional response of chimeric constructs derived from the intergenic region revealed an inhibitory sequence whose deletion allowed RUVBL2 induction by HIF. Enhancer blocking assays, performed in cell culture and transgenic zebrafish, confirmed the existence of an insulator element within this inhibitory region that could explain the differential regulation of GYS1 and RUVBL2 by hypoxia. Hence, in this model, the selective response to HIF is achieved with the aid of insulator elements. This is the first report suggesting a role for insulators in the regulation of differential gene expression in response to environmental signals.