Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Models of Perception and Cognition

Contents: F.G. Ashby, Multivariate Probability Distributions. Part I:Similarity, Preference, and Choice. J.L. Zinnes, D.B. MacKay, A Probabilistic Multidimensional Scaling Approach: Properties and Procedures. G. De Soete, J.D. Carroll, Probabilistic Multidimensional Models of Pairwise Choice Data. U. Bo"ckenholt, Multivariate Models of Preference and Choice. D.M. Ennis, K. Mullen, A General Probabilistic Model for Triad Discrimination, Preferential Choice, and Two-Alternative Identification. N.A. Perrin, Uniting Identification, Similarity and Preference: General Recognition Theory. Part II:Interactions Between Perceptual Dimensions. W.T. Maddox, Perceptual and Decisional Separability. H. Kadlec, J.T. Townsend, Signal Detection Analyses of Dimensional Interactions. T.D. Wickens, L.A. Olzak, Three Views of Association in Concurrent Detection Ratings. Part III:Detection, Identification, and Categorization. J.P. Thomas, L.A. Olzak, Simultaneous Detection and Identification. D.M. Ennis, Modeling Similarity and Identification When There Are Momentary Fluctuations in Psychological Magnitudes. A.A. J. Marley, Developing and Characterizing Multidimensional Thurstone and Luce Models for Identification and Preference. Y. Takane, T. Shibayama, Structures in Stimulus Identification Data. R.M. Nosofsky, Exemplar-Based Approach to Relating Categorization, Identification, and Recognition. M.M. Cohen, D.W. Massaro, On the Similarity of Categorization Models. F.G. Ashby, Multidimensional Models of Categorization.
Delayed graft function, acute rejection, and outcome after cadaver renal transplantation. The multivariate analysis.

The impact of delayed graft function on outcome after cadaver renal transplantation has been controversial, but most authors fail to control their analyses for the presence or absence of rejection. We studied 457 adult recipients of primary cadaver allografts at a single institution during the cyclosporine era. All patients received sequential immunosuppression. The incidence of delayed graft function (defined as dialysis being required during the first week after transplant) was 23%. There was a significant association between delayed graft function and cold ischemia time > 24 hr (P = 0.0001) and between delayed graft function and the occurrence of at least one biopsy-proven rejection episode (P = 0.004). Actuarial graft survival was not significantly different when comparing delayed graft function versus no delayed graft function for patients without rejection (P = 0.02). However, it was significantly worse for patients with both delayed graft function and rejection versus those with delayed graft function but no rejection (P = 0.005), as well as for grafts preserved > 24 hr versus < or = 24 hr (P = 0.007). By multivariate analysis, delayed graft function per se was not a significant risk factor for decreased graft survival for patients without rejection (P = 0.42). In contrast, rejection significantly decreased graft survival for grafts with immediate function (relative risk = 2.3, P = 0.0002), particularly in combination with delayed graft function (relative risk = 4.2, P < 0.0001). While cold ischemia time > 24 hr was also a significant risk factor (relative risk = 1.9, P = 0.02), other variables (preservation mode, 0 HLA Ag mismatch, age at transplantation, gender, diabetic status, and panel-reactive antibody at transplantation) had no impact on graft survival. Patient survival was significantly affected by the combination of delayed graft function and rejection (relative risk = 3.1, P < 0.0001), age at transplantation > 50 years (relative risk = 2.6, P < 0.0001), and diabetes (relative risk = 1.8, P = 0.006). Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms linking delayed graft function and rejection, which, in combination, lead to poor allograft outcome.
Error Rate Analysis of Phase-Modulated OFDM (OFDM-PM) in Awgn Channels

QAM transmission of OFDM signals achieves good spectral efficiency while greatly simplifying the equalization process. However, RF transmitters must be operated in their linear region and highly stable oscillators (low phase-noise) are a necessity or the BER will degrade significantly. If angle-modulation is instead used, then the RF signal has constant envelope and phase-noise has an additive effect, the result being more efficient power transmission and orthogonality is maintained with a noisy oscillator. Angle-modulation has lower spectral efficiency then QAM and angle-demodulators suffer a threshold effect: the receiver output SNR degrades, significantly once below a certain input SNR. To apply angle-modulated OFDM systems in practice this threshold effect and ifs impact on the BER (for a given spectral efficiency) must be analyzed. This paper is the first to present such an analysis for phase-modulation (OFDM-PM) in AWGN channels
Automated Resonance Assignment of Proteins Using Heteronuclear 3D NMR, 2. Side Chain and Sequence-Specific Assignment

A sequential assignment protocol for proteins was developed using heteronuclear 3D NMR. The protocol consists of an amino acid type recognition algorithm and a primary sequence mapping algorithm. The former measures the similarity between each detected spin pattern and 20 standard amino acid coupling patterns. Both chemical shift and topologically likeness are considered. The mapping algorithm uses the amino acid type information to direct detected polypeptides to proper position onto protein primary sequence. The assignment protocol can be applied to spin systems generated by many different approaches. We designed a few computer programs to derive a protein's backbone and side chain spin systems using heteronuclear 3D NMR. The results was then input to the sequential assignment protocol. All of the algorithms were tested on NMR data of a 90-residue N-domain of chicken skeletal troponin-C.
Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography

The dog was the first domesticated animal but it remains uncertain when the domestication process began and whether it occurred just once or multiple times across the Northern Hemisphere. To ascertain the value of modern genetic data to elucidate the origins of dog domestication, we analyzed 49,024 autosomal SNPs in 1,375 dogs (representing 35 breeds) and 19 wolves. After combining our data with previously published data, we contrasted the genetic signatures of 121 breeds with a worldwide archeological assessment of the earliest dog remains. Correlating the earliest archeological dogs with the geographic locations of 14 so-called “ancient” breeds (defined by their genetic differentiation) resulted in a counterintuitive pattern. First, none of the ancient breeds derive from regions where the oldest archeological remains have been found. Second, three of the ancient breeds (Basenjis, Dingoes, and New Guinea Singing Dogs) come from regions outside the natural range of Canis lupus (the dog’s wild ancestor) and where dogs were introduced more than 10,000 y after domestication. These results demonstrate that the unifying characteristic among all genetically distinct so-called ancient breeds is a lack of recent admixture with other breeds likely facilitated by geographic and cultural isolation. Furthermore, these genetically distinct ancient breeds only appear so because of their relative isolation, suggesting that studies of modern breeds have yet to shed light on dog origins. We conclude by assessing the limitations of past studies and how next-generation sequencing of modern and ancient individuals may unravel the history of dog domestication.
Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Reduced Torque Ripple and Commutation Frequency

In conventional direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, there is usually undesired torque and flux ripple. The existing literature have proposed some methods to reduce torque and flux ripple by optimizing the duty ratio of the active vector. However, these methods are usually complicated and parameter dependent. This paper first compares the performances of three duty determination methods in detail and then proposes a very simple but effective method to obtain the duty ratio. The novel method is superior to the existing methods in terms of simplicity and robustness. By appropriately arranging the sequence of the vectors, the commutation frequency is reduced effectively without performance degradation. To further improve the performance of system, a low-pass filter-based voltage model with compensations of amplitude and phase is employed to acquire accurate stator flux estimation. The proposed scheme is able to reduce the torque and flux ripple significantly while maintaining the simplicity and robustness of conventional DTC at the most. Simulations and presented experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in this paper.
Functional dysconnectivity of corticostriatal circuitry as a risk phenotype for psychosis.

IMPORTANCE Dysregulation of corticostriatal circuitry has long been thought to be critical in the etiology of psychotic disorders, although the differential roles played by dorsal and ventral systems in mediating risk for psychosis have been contentious. OBJECTIVE To use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize disease-related, risk-related, and symptom-related changes of corticostriatal functional circuitry in patients with first-episode psychosis and their unaffected first-degree relatives. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control cross-sectional study was conducted at a specialist early psychosis clinic, GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Unit, and magnetic resonance imaging facility. Nineteen patients with first-episode psychosis, 25 of their unaffected first-degree relatives, and 26 healthy control subjects were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Voxelwise statistical parametric maps testing differences in the strength of functional connectivity between 6 striatal seed regions of interest (3 caudate and 3 putamen) per hemisphere and all other brain regions. RESULTS Disease-related changes, reflecting differences between patients and control subjects, involved widespread dysregulation of corticostriatal systems characterized most prominently by a dorsal-to-ventral gradient of hypoconnectivity to hyperconnectivity between striatal and prefrontal regions. A similar gradient was evident in comparisons between relatives and control subjects, identifying it as a genetically inherited risk phenotype. In patients, functional connectivity in risk-affected and disease-affected dorsal frontostriatal circuitry correlated with the severity of both positive and negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE First-episode psychosis is associated with pronounced dysregulation of corticostriatal systems, characterized most prominently by hypoconnectivity of dorsal and hyperconnectivity of ventral frontostriatal circuits. These changes correlate with symptom severity and are also apparent in unaffected first-degree relatives, suggesting that they represent a putative risk phenotype for psychotic illness.
RLS-weighted Lasso for adaptive estimation of sparse signals

The batch least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) has well-documented merits for estimating sparse signals of interest emerging in various applications, where observations adhere to parsimonious linear regression models. To cope with linearly growing complexity and memory requirements that batch Lasso estimators face when processing observations sequentially, the present paper develops a recursive Lasso algorithm that can also track slowly-varying sparse signals of interest. Performance analysis reveals that recursive Lasso can either estimate consistently the sparse signal's support or its nonzero entries, but not both. This motivates the development of a weighted version of the recursive Lasso scheme with weights obtained from the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. The resultant RLS-weighted Lasso algorithm provably estimates sparse signals consistently. Simulated tests compare competing alternatives and corroborate the performance of the novel algorithms in estimating time-invariant and tracking slow-varying signals under sparsity constraints.
Nested column generation applied to the crude oil tanker routing and scheduling problem with split pickup and split delivery

The split pickup split delivery crude oil tanker routing and scheduling problem is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem, both theoretically and practically. However, because of the large expenses in crude oil shipping it is attractive to make use of optimization that exploits as many degrees of freedom as possible to save transportation cost. We propose a nested column generation algorithm for this particular split pickup split delivery problem which bears several complexities such as a heterogeneous fleet, multiple commodities, many‐to‐many relations for pickup and delivery of each commodity, sequence dependent vehicle capacities, and cargo quantity dependent pickup and delivery times. Our approach builds on a branch‐and‐price algorithm in which the column generation subproblems are solved by branch‐and‐price themselves. We describe our implementation in the branch‐cut‐and‐price framework SCIP and give computational results for realistic test instances. The high quality schedules we obtain for these instances improve on those in previous studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Subset-sum phase transitions and data compression

We propose a rigorous analysis approach for the subset-sum problem in the context of lossless data compression, where the phase transition of the subset-sum problem is directly related to the passage between ambiguous and non-ambiguous decompression, for a compression scheme that is based on specifying the sequence composition. The proposed analysis lends itself to straightforward extensions in several directions of interest, including non-binary alphabets, incorporation of side information at the decoder (Slepian–Wolf coding), and coding schemes based on multiple subset sums. It is also demonstrated that the proposed technique can be used to analyze the critical behavior in a more involved situation where the sequence composition is not specified by the encoder.
Post-conflict situations, conciliatory acts and relationship satisfaction in intimate relationships

The results of three studies are discussed in this thesis. In the first study, possible relationships between jealousy, aggression, sexual desire and post-conflict sex were investigated in a sample of 128 students and professionals from the East Midlands area. A model was proposed which predicted that jealousy will affect aggression; aggression will affect sexual desire and sexual desire will affect the possibility of post-conflict sex. Correlational analysis revealed that jealousy was significantly correlated to aggression and sexual desire; also, a strong significant relationship was found between aggression and post-conflict sex. Correlations were also discovered between aggression and sexual desire and between sexual desire and post-conflict sex. Further analysis using Structural Equation Modelling tested and supported a model which showed that jealousy influenced aggression and sexual desire, which in turn may influence post-conflict sex. The second study explored partners' possible conciliatory acts in post-conflict situations. The aim was to gain insight in the peace-making process and identify the ways in which . partners attempt to reach closure over an argument and return to how they were before the argument occurred. Interviews with 13 males and females were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using Thematic Networks Analysis. The results revealed that participants reached 'Perceived Closure' through four possible pathways a) Avoiding further conflict, b) Gaining control of the situation, c) Providing/receiving assurances, and d) Achieving normality. The exact processes involved in these pathways were found to be defined by clusters of basic themes. The themes that emerged showed that participants used affection, sex, distancing, apology and humour in order to return to normality and reach closure. This process was shown to be gradual as participants reported adopting a step-by-step approach that involves trying to gain control of their feelings and the situation, avoiding further arguments, reinstating feelings of security and safety and attempting to reinstate a sense of normality. The third study was designed to explore post-conflict conciliatory acts and investigate possible correlations with relationship satisfaction and positive and negative conflict outcomes patterns. The sample consisted of 139 partiCipants from the East Midlands area. The main findings were that participants who adopt constructive conflict styles (as shown from positive conflict outcomes) tend experience higher relationship satisfaction. Use of post-conflict conciliatory strategies was also predictive of higher relationship satisfaction.
Psychology: A Self-Teaching Guide

Preface. Introduction: The Foundations of Psychology. Research Methods in Psychology: Gathering Data. The Biology of Behavior: Is the Brain the Organ of Mental Life? Sensation: Studying the Gateways of Experience. Perception: Why Do Things Look the Way They Do? Learning: Understanding Acquired Behavior. Motivation: Why Do We Do What We Do? Emotions: Riding Life s Roller Coaster. Thinking: Exploring Mental Life. Intelligence: In Pursuit of Rational Thought and Effective Action. Developmental Psychology: How Children Become Adults. Sex and Love: Are You in the Mood? Personality: Psychological Factors That Make You an Individual. Abnormal Psychology: Exploring Mental Disorders. Therapy: Helping Troubled People. Social Psychology: Interacting with Other People. Index.
Effects of 8 weeks of flexibility and resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Flexibility is often downplayed as unimportant to fitness. However, flexibility training is imperative to maintain full range of motion (ROM) of joints, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes, who may experience limited joint mobility due to glycation of joint structures (1). Maladies such as “frozen shoulder” are common complaints in type 2 diabetes (2). Conflicting evidence exists about the effect of resistance training on flexibility. For healthy adults, such training will improve flexibility as long as exercises incorporate a full ROM, opposing muscle groups (agonist and antagonist) are trained, and flexibility exercises are done. However, combined strength and flexibility training may not be as effective as flexibility training alone for improving joint ROM in shoulder abduction (3), although strength training alone may increase it (4). Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether 8 weeks of combined training improves flexibility in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Nine individuals with type 2 diabetes (5 men and 4 women) and 10 sedentary control subjects (6 men and 4 women) participated. The mean age for the two groups (type 2 diabetic and control subjects) was 50.6 ± 2.8 and 54.7 ± 2.8 years, respectively, and BMI was similar prior to training (32.0 ± 2.4 and 33.1 ± 1.4 kg/m …
The association of weight with the detection of airflow obstruction and inhaled treatment among patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD.

BACKGROUND Most patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD have not had spirometry to confirm airflow obstruction (AFO). Overweight and obese patients report more dyspnea than normal weight patients, which may be falsely attributed to AFO. We sought to determine whether overweight and obese patients who received a clinical diagnosis of COPD were more likely to receive a misdiagnosis (ie, lack of AFO on spirometry) and be subsequently treated with inhaled medications. METHODS The cohort comprised US veterans with COPD (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, code; inhaled medication use; or both) and spirometry measurements from one of three Pacific Northwest Veterans Administration Medical Centers. The measured exposures were overweight and obesity (defined by BMI categories). Outcomes were (1) AFO on spirometry and (2) escalation or deescalation of inhaled therapies from 3 months before spirometry to 9 to 12 months after spirometry. We used multivariable logistic regression with calculation of adjusted proportions for all analyses. RESULTS Fifty-two percent of 5,493 veterans who had received a clinical diagnosis of COPD had AFO. The adjusted proportion of patients with AFO decreased as BMI increased (P < .01 for trend). Among patients without AFO, those who were overweight and obese were less likely to remain off medications or to have therapy deescalated (adjusted proportions: normal weight, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.73]; overweight, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.58-0.65; P = .014]; obese, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.57-0.63; P = .001]). CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese patients are more likely to be given a misdiagnosis of COPD and not have their inhaled medications deescalated after spirometry demonstrated no AFO. Providers may be missing potential opportunities to recognize and treat other causes of dyspnea in these patients.
Upper limb post-stroke sensory impairments: the survivor’s experience

Abstract Purpose: This study described stroke survivors’ experiences of upper limb post-stroke sensory impairment (ULPSSI) and its rehabilitation. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study of 15 stroke survivors with ULPSSI using semi-structured interviews. A focus group of eight survivors reviewed thematic outcomes. Analysis was completed by three authors. Results: Three themes emerged: (1) What happened to my hand? : A description of the significant impact of sensory impairments on survivors roles and participation; (2) I was only just getting started: Survivors felt sensory impairments and the upper limb were ignored in rehabilitation and described being left on their own to devise their own rehabilitation; and (3) If I work hard then maybe someday: Survivors felt sensory impairments recovered slowly and was aided by working towards recovery and maintaining hope. Conclusions: Sensory impairments are significant for survivors and are deserving of greater clinical and research attention. In particular, assessments and interventions need further development and testing. This study’s findings revealed the need to ascertain individual survivors’ preference for involvement in decision making related to their rehabilitation planning. It also found survivors view recovery as extending well beyond current rehabilitation frameworks, necessitating further description of recovery and re-evaluation of service delivery to address survivors’ needs. Implications for Rehabilitation Sensory impairments significantly impact stroke survivors’ roles and participation. Remediation of sensory impairments is important to survivors, but seems to be ignored in the rehabilitation process. Individual survivors’ preference for involvement in decision making related to their rehabilitation planning should be ascertained. Stroke survivors feel left on their own to address their upper limb impairments long after rehabilitation services have ended. The development of services beyond the normal rehabilitation timeframes is warranted.