Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Should We be Teaching Nurses Teamwork ?

Aims. To critically review educational research describing nursing teamwork competency development and to synthesize these findings in determining what teachinglearning components best promote the evolution of competent nursing teamwork. Background. Since the Institute of Medicine (2000) recommended enhancing coordination and communication abilities of healthcare teams, many educational initiatives targeting teamwork competency development have surfaced. Registered nursing teams comprise the primary human resource structure for patient care delivery, and individually nurses are central figures within interprofessional healthcare teams. Nurses heavily influence overall team coordination and outcomes, yet little is known about the team training they receive, and furthermore what key educational components best enhance teamwork performance in nursing personnel. Design. Whittemore and Knaffl’s revised integrative review framework guided all stages. Data Sources. CINAHL, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, and ERIC were searched, and detailed inclusion-exclusion criteria applied. Studies (n=19) published (2001– 2014) were selected for review. Review Methods. Studies were appraised using established qualitative-quantitative evaluation tools. A systematic iterative approach was used to extract and filter data used for drawing conclusions related to key educational components. Results. Nursing teamwork epistemology is derived from High Reliability Teams (HRT) theory and Crew Resource Management (CRM) training sources. The most effective pedagogical approaches incorporate constructivist methods like high fidelity simulation and reflective discussion in order for students to acquire, practice, and refine these skills. Evaluating nursing teamwork competency is a complex task involving contextually based assessments of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. TEACHING NURSES TEAMWORK: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW 4 Conclusion. Future nursing teamwork competency curriculum design should emphasize leadership and skilled communication knowledge as learned, practiced, and assessed in contextually relevant, practice-based constructivist teaching environments.
Growing timescales and lengthscales characterizing vibrations of amorphous solids

Significance Amorphous solids constitute most of solid matter but remain poorly understood. The recent solution of the mean-field hard-sphere glass former provides, however, deep insights into their material properties. In particular, this solution predicts a Gardner transition below which the energy landscape of glasses becomes fractal and the solid is marginally stable. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence for the relevance of a Gardner transition in physical systems. This result thus opens the way toward a unified understanding of the low-temperature anomalies of amorphous solids. Low-temperature properties of crystalline solids can be understood using harmonic perturbations around a perfect lattice, as in Debye’s theory. Low-temperature properties of amorphous solids, however, strongly depart from such descriptions, displaying enhanced transport, activated slow dynamics across energy barriers, excess vibrational modes with respect to Debye’s theory (i.e., a boson peak), and complex irreversible responses to small mechanical deformations. These experimental observations indirectly suggest that the dynamics of amorphous solids becomes anomalous at low temperatures. Here, we present direct numerical evidence that vibrations change nature at a well-defined location deep inside the glass phase of a simple glass former. We provide a real-space description of this transition and of the rapidly growing time- and lengthscales that accompany it. Our results provide the seed for a universal understanding of low-temperature glass anomalies within the theoretical framework of the recently discovered Gardner phase transition.
Sicyases sanguineus: A Unique Trophic Generalist from the Chilean Intertidal Zone

1976b. Correlation of enzymatic activity, muscle myoglobin concentration and lung morphology with activity metabolism in snakes. J. Exp. Zool. 197:313-320. SNYDER, G. K. 1971. Influence of temperature and hematocrit on blood viscosity. Amer. J. Physiol. 220(6):1667-1672. TUCKER, V. A. 1966. Oxygen transport by the circulatory system of the green iguana (Iguana iguana) at different body temperatures. J. Exp. Biol. 44:77-92. WHITE, F. N. 1959. Circulation in the reptilian heart (Squamata). Anat. Rec. 135:129-131. WILSON, K. J. 1974. The relationship of oxygen supply for activity to body temperature in four species of lizards. Copeia 1974:920-934. WOOD, S. C. , AND C. J. M. LENFANT. 1976. Respiration: mechanics, control, and gas exchange, p. 225-274. In: Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 5. C. Gans and W. R. Dawson (eds.). Academic Press, New York.
Application of shifted Jacobi pseudospectral method for solving (in)finite-horizon min–max optimal control problems with uncertainty

ABSTRACT The difficulty of solving the min–max optimal control problems (M-MOCPs) with uncertainty using generalised Euler–Lagrange equations is caused by the combination of split boundary conditions, nonlinear differential equations and the manner in which the final time is treated. In this investigation, the shifted Jacobi pseudospectral method (SJPM) as a numerical technique for solving two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs) in M-MOCPs for several boundary states is proposed. At first, a novel framework of approximate solutions which satisfied the split boundary conditions automatically for various boundary states is presented. Then, by applying the generalised Euler–Lagrange equations and expanding the required approximate solutions as elements of shifted Jacobi polynomials, finding a solution of TPBVPs in nonlinear M-MOCPs with uncertainty is reduced to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. Moreover, the Jacobi polynomials are particularly useful for boundary value problems in unbounded domain, which allow us to solve infinite- as well as finite and free final time problems by domain truncation method. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. A comparative study between the proposed method and other existing methods shows that the SJPM is simple and accurate.
INTRODUCING FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE: MANUFACTURE AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES

This paper presents the results of a study on fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The test parameters covered certain aspects of manufacture of geopolymer concrete. The paper also reports the stress-strain behavior of the concrete with compressive strength in the range of 40 to 65 MPa. Tests were carried out on 100mmx200mm cylindrical geopolymer concrete specimens. Test results show that a good agreement exists between the measured stress-strain relations of fly ashbased geopolymer concrete and those predicted by a model developed originally for Portland cement concrete.
The Functional Upregulation of Piriform Cortex Is Associated with Cross-Modal Plasticity in Loss of Whisker Tactile Inputs

Background Cross-modal plasticity is characterized as the hypersensitivity of remaining modalities after a sensory function is lost in rodents, which ensures their awareness to environmental changes. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cross-modal sensory plasticity remain unclear. We aim to study the role of different types of neurons in cross-modal plasticity. Methodology/Principal Findings In addition to behavioral tasks in mice, whole-cell recordings at the excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and their two-photon imaging, were conducted in piriform cortex. We produced a mouse model of cross-modal sensory plasticity that olfactory function was upregulated by trimming whiskers to deprive their sensory inputs. In the meantime of olfactory hypersensitivity, pyramidal neurons and excitatory synapses were functionally upregulated, as well as GABAergic cells and inhibitory synapses were downregulated in piriform cortex from the mice of cross-modal sensory plasticity, compared with controls. A crosswire connection between barrel cortex and piriform cortex was established in cross-modal plasticity. Conclusion/Significance An upregulation of pyramidal neurons and a downregulation of GABAergic neurons strengthen the activities of neuronal networks in piriform cortex, which may be responsible for olfactory hypersensitivity after a loss of whisker tactile input. This finding provides the clues for developing therapeutic strategies to promote sensory recovery and substitution.
How do frequent users of crisis helplines differ from other users regarding their reasons for calling? Results from a survey with callers to Lifeline, Australia's national crisis helpline service

Crisis helplines are designed to provide short-term support to people in an immediate crisis. However, there is a group of users who call crisis helplines frequently over an extended period of time. The reasons for their ongoing use remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the reasons for calling between frequent and other users of crisis helplines. This was achieved by examining the findings from a brief survey completed by callers to Lifeline Australia at the end of their call between February and July 2015. In the survey, callers reported on their socio-demographics, reasons for their current call and number of calls made in the past month. Survey respondents were categorised as frequent, episodic and one-off users, and analyses were conducted using ordered logistic regression. Three hundred and fifteen callers completed the survey, which represented 57% of eligible callers. Twenty-two per cent reported calling 20 times or more in the past month (frequent users), 51% reported calling between 2 and 19 times (episodic users) and 25% reported calling once (one-off users). Two per cent were unable to recall the number of calls they made in the past month. Frequent users reported similar reasons for calling as other users but they were more likely to call regularly to talk about their feelings [OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 3.7-9.8]. This pattern of service use is at odds with the current model of care offered by crisis helplines which is designed to provide one-off support. There is a need to investigate further the factors that drive frequent users to call crisis helplines regularly.
A Learned Joint Depth and Intensity Prior Using Markov Random Fields

We present a joint prior that takes intensity and depth information into account. The prior is defined using a flexible Field-of-Experts model and is learned from a database of natural images. It is a generative model and has an efficient method for sampling. We use sampling from the model to perform in painting and up sampling of depth maps when intensity information is available. We show that including the intensity information in the prior improves the results obtained from the model. We also compare to another two-channel inpainting approach and show superior results.
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins from Diverse Clades Differentiate Antibody Responses and Durability among Vaccinees

ABSTRACT Induction of broadly cross-reactive antiviral humoral responses with the capacity to target globally diverse circulating strains is a key goal for HIV-1 immunogen design. A major gap in the field is the identification of diverse HIV-1 envelope antigens to evaluate vaccine regimens for binding antibody breadth. In this study, we define unique antigen panels to map HIV-1 vaccine-elicited antibody breadth and durability. Diverse HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins were selected based on genetic and geographic diversity to cover the global epidemic, with a focus on sexually acquired transmitted/founder viruses with a tier 2 neutralization phenotype. Unique antigenicity was determined by nonredundancy (Spearman correlation), and antigens were clustered using partitioning around medoids (PAM) to identify antigen diversity. Cross-validation demonstrated that the PAM method was better than selection by reactivity and random selection. Analysis of vaccine-elicited V1V2 binding antibody in longitudinal samples from the RV144 clinical trial revealed the striking heterogeneity among individual vaccinees in maintaining durable responses. These data support the idea that a major goal for vaccine development is to improve antibody levels, breadth, and durability at the population level. Elucidating the level and durability of vaccine-elicited binding antibody breadth needed for protection is critical for the development of a globally efficacious HIV vaccine. IMPORTANCE The path toward an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine will require characterization of vaccine-induced immunity that can recognize and target the highly genetically diverse virus envelope glycoproteins. Antibodies that target the envelope glycoproteins, including diverse sequences within the first and second hypervariable regions (V1V2) of gp120, were identified as correlates of risk for the one partially efficacious HIV-1 vaccine. To build upon this discovery, we experimentally and computationally evaluated humoral responses to define envelope glycoproteins representative of the antigenic diversity of HIV globally. These diverse envelope antigens distinguished binding antibody breadth and durability among vaccine candidates, thus providing insights for advancing the most promising HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
Is a visuo-haptic differentiation of zebra mussel and quagga mussel based on a single external morphometric shell character possible?

The sharp-angled (presence of an acute ridge) or rounded (absence of an acute ridge) transition of the ventral and dorsal shell surfaces is the “key feature” for the distinction of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis. However, up to now it has not been possible to put this into a quantifiable framework. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method, which (i) facilitates the quantification of this feature as a morphometric parameter and (ii) to test whether the presence or absence of an acute ridge can be used to distinguish the two species both in mathematical terms and under field conditions. We called the new parameter ‘angularity’ (An) and developed a method for its quantification. An ≤ 3.3 and An ≥ 4.7 were the discriminant thresholds for quagga mussels and zebra mussels, respectively. 3.3 < An < 4.7 did not allow for a clear distinction between species. Nevertheless, An is highly sensitive in morphometrically discriminating both species: more than 96% of the mussels were correctly classified whereas less than 1% were falsely classified. We conducted a visuo-haptic experiment in which we asked test persons to rate mussels according to their angularity (acute ridge present vs. absent). Remarkably, our results revealed that all participants were well able to distinguish the species at an error rate of 8.4 %. Nevertheless, even naïve persons who have no previous knowledge of dreissenid mussels can reliably select specimens of zebra and quagga mussels under field conditions based on the angularity alone.
Data Augmentation for Time Series Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks

Time series classification has been around for decades in the data-mining and machine learning communities. In this paper, we investigate the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for time series classification. Such networks have been widely used in many domains like computer vision and speech recognition, but only a little for time series classification. We design a convolu-tional neural network that consists of two convolutional layers. One drawback with CNN is that they need a lot of training data to be efficient. We propose two ways to circumvent this problem: designing data-augmentation techniques and learning the network in a semi-supervised way using training time series from different datasets. These techniques are experimentally evaluated on a benchmark of time series datasets.
Bearing-Only Measurement Self-Localization, Velocity Consensus and Formation Control

Self-localization and formation control tasks are considered when each agent in a multiagent formation observes its neighbors but does not communicate. Each agent is restricted to a predefined motion type on a 2-D plane and collects bearing-only measurements over a time interval to localize neighboring agents. The localization process is used by a three agent formation to achieve velocity consensus combined with formation shape control. Simulations are provided and noisy bearing measurements are investigated.
Support for exclusionism as an independent dimension of social dominance orientation in mainland China

Three studies using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided consistent evidence for a three-factor model of the social dominance orientation (SDO) in Mainland China. Support for exclusionism, which was not found in previous research, emerged as an independent SDO factor (Studies 1, 2, and 3). In Study 2, this factor predicted SDO difference between a high status group (managers) and a low status group (entry-level employees). In Study 3, this factor correlated positively with authoritarianism and negatively with altruism. These results provided evidence for the validity of this new SDO factor. The findings are discussed in terms of their relations to China’s cultural tradition and contemporary economic development.
Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism as a Confirmatory Test for Onychomycosis

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of one or more units of the nail caused by dermatophytes, or mould and nondermatophytes yeast. Investigations are needed to establish the diagnosis of onychomycosis before starting treatment. Several investigations methods for diagnosing onychomycosis are microscopic examination with 20% KOH, fungal culture, histopathology examination with PAS staining (Periodic acid Schiff) and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is a method after PCR amplification allowing more specific results. AIM: To determine the diagnostic value of PCR - RFLP in the diagnosis of onychomycosis using fungal culture as the gold standard and to find out the majority fungal species that cause onychomycosis. METHODS: This study is a diagnostic test for the diagnosis of onychomycosis by using culture as the gold standard. SUBJECTS: Thirty - five patients suspected of having onychomycosis from history and dermatological examination. RESULTS: PCR - RFLP in the diagnosis of onychomycosis has a sensitivity of 85.71%, specificity of 28.57%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 82.76% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 33.33%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios are 1.20 and 0.5 with an accuracy of 74.29%. CONCLUSIONS: PCR - RFLP may be considered for a faster and more accurate alternative examination in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.
Conditional cash transfer programs and the health and nutrition of Latin American children.

Objective To 1) describe the benefits, conditions, coverage, funding, goals, governance, and structure of well-established conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) in Latin America and 2) identify their health and nutritional impacts among children under 5 years old. Methods A realist review was conducted. CCTs were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: 1) current national-level program; 2) coverage of at least 50% of the target population; 3) continuous operation at scale for 10+ years; 4) clear description of structure, funding sources, and governance; 5) both health/nutrition- and education-related conditions for participation; and 6) available impact evaluation studies with health, development, and/or nutrition indicators among children under 5 years old. Three CCTs (one each in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico) met the criteria. Results There was consistent evidence that the three CCTs selected for review had positive impacts on child health and nutrition outcomes in their respective countries. In all three countries, the programs were scaled up and positive impacts were documented relatively quickly. All three programs had strong political support and clear and transparent governance structures, including accountability and social participation mechanisms, which might explain their success and sustainability. Conclusions CCTs in Latin America have had a positive impact on child health and nutrition outcomes among the poorest families. A key challenge for the future is to reform these programs to help families move out of not only extreme poverty but all poverty in order to lead healthy and productive lives, as called for in the post-2105 Sustainable Development Goals.
Observational and experimental investigation of typing behaviour using virtual keyboards for mobile devices

With the rise of current smartphones, virtual keyboards for touchscreens became the dominant mobile text entry technique. We developed a typing game that records how users touch on the standard Android keyboard to investigate users' typing behaviour. 47,770,625 keystrokes from 72,945 installations have been collected by publishing the game. By visualizing the touch distribution we identified a systematic skew and derived a function that compensates this skew by shifting touch events. By updating the game we conduct an experiment that investigates the effect of shifting touch events, changing the keys' labels, and visualizing the touched position. Results based on 6,603,659 keystrokes and 13,013 installations show that visualizing the touched positions using a simple dot decreases the error rate of the Android keyboard by 18.3% but also decreases the speed by 5.2% with no positive effect on learnability. The Android keyboard outperforms the control condition but the constructed shift function further improves the performance by 2.2% and decreases the error rate by 9.1%. We argue that the shift function can improve existing keyboards at no costs.
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators: Recommendations of the AASM Sleep and Transportation Safety Awareness Task Force.

ABSTRACT The American Academy of Sleep Medicine Sleep and Transportation Safety Awareness Task Force responded to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and Federal Railroad Administration Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and request for public comments regarding the evaluation of safety-sensitive personnel for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The following document represents this response. The most salient points provided in our comments are that (1) moderate-to-severe OSA is common among commercial motor vehicle operators (CMVOs) and contributes to an increased risk of crashes; (2) objective screening methods are available and preferred for identifying at-risk drivers, with the most commonly used indicator being body mass index; (3) treatment in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective and reduces crashes; (4) CPAP is economically viable; (5) guidelines are available to assist medical examiners in determining whether CMVOs with moderate-to-severe OSA should continue to work without restrictions, with conditional certification, or be disqualified from operating commercial motor vehicles.