Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Upper Bound on Network Size in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

In this paper we propose a model to compute an upper bound for the maximum network size in mobile ad-hoc networks. Our model is based on the foundation that for a unicast route to be useful to initiate data transport, it is necessary that the time required to discover the route should be shorter than the time the route remains valid. From this model, we found that the node transmission range, mobility of nodes and number of contending nodes actually define the maximum feasible number of hops in a route, and therefore the maximum network size. Our model is derived from the combination of a route duration model, that we also derive in this paper, and a delay model for multi-hop routes extended from a single-hop delay model found in the literature. We evaluate our model numerically for different network conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comparison between route discovery time and route duration is analyzed in order to establish the maximum network size in ad-hoc networks. We believe this is a fundamental scaling problem of ad-hoc networks that has not been looked at before from a mobility-delay perspective.
Overexpression of Orphan Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ror1 as a Putative Tumor-Associated Antigen in Iranian Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a group of enzymes involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The human Ror1 is a member of the RTK family with unknown ligand and biological function. Overexpression of Ror1 has recently been reported in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The aim of this study was to explore the expression profile of Ror1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Therefore, leukemic cells were isolated from the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood (PB) of 57 ALL patients. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry and mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Overexpression of Ror1 mRNA was detected in 23 of 57 (40%) ALL patients. A similar expression pattern was observed in ALL cell lines, with 4 of 12 (33%) being positive. Stimulation of normal PB mononuclear cells with pokeweed mitogen and phorbol myristate acetate induced substantially higher Ror1 mRNA expression compared to unstimulated cultured cells. There has been neither a significant association between Ror1 expression and the immunophenotypic profile of the leukemic cells, nor with other clinical or hematological features of the patients. In conclusion, our findings propose Ror1 as a new tumor-associated antigen and a potential tool for targeted immunotherapy and monitoring of minimal residual disease in ALL.
Financial Accounting and Management Accounting Training for MSMEs at the Annisa Bandung Cooperative

One of the internal problems faced by MSMEs is that the transaction records is still extremely simple, and many have not even done that yet. 85.19% of MSMEs in the Annisa Bandung Cooperative do not carry out accounting records in an orderly manner. However, it is important for MSMEs to carry out the accounting recording process to support the fluidity of their business activities. For this reason, it is important to hold training, that aim to provide knowledge and understanding of financial and management accounting so that MSME practitioners be able to apply it to their business activities. The methodology used in community service activities in the form of training is a service learning approach. Meanwhile, the implementation method is preparation, implementation and evaluation. The results of the training activities, namely that the level of knowledge of participants increased by 34% and the level of understanding increased by 44.44%, were said to be successful because this value reached more than 25%. Participants will apply the accounting records that are trained in their business activities as follows: (1) cash flow as much as 48.16%, (2) cash flows, profit and loss statements and inventory books as much as 44.44% and (3) inventory books as much as 7.4%.
The global burden of major infectious complications following prostate biopsy

SUMMARY We present a systematic review providing estimates of the overall and regional burden of infectious complications following prostate biopsy. A directly standardized prevalence estimate was used because it reflects the burden of disease more explicitly. Complications included sepsis, hospitalization, bacteraemia, bacteriuria, and acute urinary retention after biopsy. There were 165 articles, comprising 162 577 patients, included in the final analysis. Our findings demonstrate that transrectal biopsy was associated with a higher burden of hospitalization (1·1% vs. 0·9%) and sepsis (0·8% vs. 0·1%) compared to transperineal biopsy, while acute urinary retention was more prevalent after transperineal than transrectal biopsy (4·2% vs. 0·9%). The differences were statistically non-significant because of large heterogeneity across countries. We also demonstrate and discuss regional variations in complication rates, with Asian studies reporting higher rates of sepsis and hospitalization.
Superagonism at G protein‐coupled receptors and beyond

Ligands targeting GPCRs can be categorized according to their intrinsic efficacy to trigger a specific, receptor‐mediated response. A ligand endowed with the same level of efficacy as the endogenous agonist can be classified as a full agonist, whereas a compound that displays greater efficacy, that is, higher receptor signalling output than the endogenous agonist, can be called a superagonist. Subsequent to GPCR activation, an intracellular signalling cascade is set in motion, which may generate substantial amplification of the signal. This may obscure superagonism in pharmacological assays and, therefore, the definition of superagonism necessitates a combination of operational approaches, reduction of spare receptors or estimation of receptor activation close to the receptor level to quantify relative agonist efficacies in a particular system.
Social Preferences, Skill Segregation and Wage Dynamics

We study the earning structure and the equilibrium assignment of workers to firms in a model where workers have social preferences and skills are perfectly substitutable in production. We allow firms to offer long-term contracts and for frictions in the labour market in the form of mobility costs. For low moving costs between firms, heterogeneous productivities lead to widespread workplace skill segregation and the whole market wage dispersion is explained by between firm differences. In a labor market with intermediate levels of mobility costs, segregation is more moderate and wage dispersion arises both within and across firms. For high levels of moving costs, the whole wage dispersion is within the firm and becomes zero when the moving costs are sufficiently high. We show that long-term contracts in the presence of social preferences associate within-firm wage dispersion with novel internal labor market features such as a dynamic form of wage compression, gradual promotions an dwage non-monotonicity.
Ground buried resonators:analytical and numerical modelling of their noise reducing effect for sound propagating outdoors from traffic noise sources

Environmental noise poll ut ion and strategies to reduce its impact on inhabitants of urban environments remain to be an important topic in the broad field of acoustics. Still, most ongoing research and practice, in which the propagation path in between source and receiver is of interest, aims to attenuate sound around 1000 Hz and above. However, for an overall optimization of out door sound quality, reduction in the frequency range 200-1000 Hz is an important supplement. In general reduction of lowand mid-frequency sound with passive means is somewhat more troublesome than at higher frequencies due to larger wavelengths and resulting practical limitations due to size and thickness needed to, e.g. achieve a sufficiently high absorption using any kind of porous material. A different approach to reduce sound, specifically, at lower frequencies, is to create a field of Helmholtz resonators that are buried in the ground. By changing the values of physical parameters, such as volume and the opening diameter, a single resonator can be tuned to any desired resonance frequency. By means of combined effects, a large set of these devices can achieve broadband reduction in aspecific octave band. However, important herein is to find the right configuration, e.g. mutual distance between orifices and variation of resonance frequencies, because most energy is steered rather then absorbed. In some cases bad design might even lead to an amplified sound field. To predict the noise reducing effect of a field of ground buried resonators, a numerical three-dimensional model which is able to handle multiple coupled resonators, with arbitrary resonanee frequencies, loss factors and opening positions, is developed. This model, based on the equivalent sources method (ESM), represents every resonator by an equivalent source and has theoretically no upper limit for the amount of resonators included. lts validity is shown for a single resonator geometry by a comparison with measurements giving good agreement.
Small latin squares, quasigroups, and loops

We present the numbers of isotopy classes and main classes of Latin squares, and the numbers of isomorphism classes of quasigroups and loops, up to order 10. The best previous results were for Latin squares of order 8 (Kolesova, Lam, and Thiel, 1990 ), quasigroups of order 6 (Bower, 2000 ), and loops of order 7 (Brant and Mullen, 1985 ). The loops of order 8 have been independently found by “QSCGZ” and Guérin (unpublished, 2001 ).
Comparison of Student Achievement in Agricultural Biotechnology-STEM Integrated Using Research Based Learning

Biotechnology has been widely used to meet the challenges of producing products in the current industrial revolution era 4.0. One of the trends in educational field to face the challenge is to integrate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) altogether. The purpose of this study is to compare two models of STEM Research-Based Learning, that is, Project Based Learning (PjBL) and Aesthetic Student-Teacher Elaborate Research (ASTER). Fifty five students from two classes were selected through typical case sampling; class A was about 29 students taught using PjBL, whereas Class B was 26 students taught using ASTER. This study used quantitative data which were analyzed using t-test. The results indicated that learning achievement of both classes were not quite different, with of ASTER (achievement of 48.3%) and PjBL (achievement of 45.5%). Therefore, this study suggests that further empirical studies need to be conducted on the effect of STEM integrated learning with the use of ASTER to strengthen the results of the study.
The Impact of Hospital Health Network Affiliation on Discharge Communication Preferences of Primary Care Providers

Primary care physicians (PCPs) experience differential postdischarge access to electronic health records, depending upon affiliation with the discharging hospital's health network. To better understand whether this affiliation impacts discharge communication preferences, we surveyed a convenience sample of PCPs in and out of our hospital's health network. We also surveyed hospitalists and compared PCPs' and hospitalists' responses. We found that PCP discharge communication preferences differed by hospital health network affiliation. In addition, PCPs and hospitalists reported different expectations of responsibility for pending laboratory test follow-up. More inclusive communication strategies and standardization of responsibility for pending laboratory results may improve discharge communication quality.
Time Course of Functional Recovery of Stunned and Hibernating Segments After Surgical Revascularization

Background—Recovery of function is possible in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy when left ventricular dysfunction is caused by stunning or hibernation. It is plausible that recovery of function after revascularization may take a longer time in hibernating myocardium compared with stunned myocardium. Accordingly, the time courses of functional recovery in hibernating and stunned myocardium were compared. Methods and Results—Patients (n=26) with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing surgical revascularization were studied; regional perfusion (resting 201Tl single-photon emission CT), glucose utilization (18F-2-deoxyglucose single-photon emission CT), and contractile function (2D echocardiography) were assessed before revascularization. Dysfunctional segments with normal perfusion/glucose utilization were considered to be stunned, and dysfunctional segments with reduced perfusion/preserved glucose utilization were considered to be hibernating. Contractile function was reevaluated 3 months (early) and 14 months (late) after revascularization. Of the 266 dysfunctional segments, 57 (22%) were stunned, 62 (23%) were hibernating, and 147 (55%) were scar tissue. In stunned myocardium, contractile function improved significantly at 3 months, without further improvement at 14 months; 61% of the stunned segments improved at 3 months, and 9% improved at 14 months. In hibernating myocardium, contractile function improved at 3 months, with a further improvement at 14 months; 31% of the hibernating segments improved at 3 months, and 61% showed (additional) recovery at 14 months. Conclusions—Stunned myocardium is likely to demonstrate early recovery of function, whereas hibernating myocardium may take a longer time to (fully) recover in function after revascularization.
The TREC Blogs06 Collection: Creating and Analysing a Blog Test Collection

The explosion of blogs on the Web in recent years has fostered research interest in the Information Retrieval (IR) and other communities into the properties of the so-called `blogsphere'. However, without any standard test collection available, research has been restricted to unshared collections collected by individual research groups. With the advent of the Blog Track running at TREC 2006, there was a need to create a test collection of blog data, that could be shared among participants and form the backbone of the experiments. Such a collection should be a realistic snapshot of the blogsphere, of enough blogs as to have recognisable properties of the blogsphere, and over a long enough time period that events should be recognisable. In addition, the collection should exhibit other properties of the blogsphere, such as splogs and comment spam. This paper describes the creation of the Blogs06 collection by the University of Glasgow, and reports statistics of the collected data. Moreover, we demonstrate how some characteristics of the collection vary across the spam and non-spam components of the collection.
Adaptive minimum bit-error rate beamforming

An adaptive beamforming technique is proposed based on directly minimizing the bit-error rate (BER). It is demonstrated that this minimum BER (MBER) approach utilizes the antenna array elements more intelligently than the standard minimum mean square error (MMSE) approach. Consequently, MBER beamforming is capable of providing significant performance gains in terms of a reduced BER over MMSE beamforming. A block-data adaptive implementation of the MBER beamforming solution is developed based on the Parzen window estimate of probability density function. Furthermore, a sample-by-sample adaptive implementation is considered, and a stochastic gradient algorithm, referred to as the least bit error rate, is derived. The proposed adaptive MBER beamforming technique provides an extension to the existing work for adaptive MBER equalization and multiuser detection.
Determinants of Environmental Innovation - New Evidence from German Panel Data Sources

In most cases, empirical analyses of environmental innovations based on firm-level data relied on survey data for one point in time. These surveys, especially designed for the analysis of environmental innovations, are useful because they allow for the inclusion of many explanatory variables such as different policy instruments or the influence of stake-holders and pressure groups. On the other hand, it is not possible to address the dynamic character of the environmental innovation process. This paper uses two German panel data bases, the establishment panel of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) and the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), to explore the determinants of environmental innovations. These data bases were not specifically collected to analyze environmental issues, but they contain questions that allow the identification of environmental innovations. We use discrete choice models for each of the data bases to analyze hypotheses derived from the theoretical (environmental) innovation literature. The econometric estimations show that the improvement of the technological capabilities (“knowledge capital”) by R&D or further education measures triggers environmental innovations – this result is confirmed by both data bases and both methods to measure environmental innovation. The hypothesis that “Innovation breeds innovation” is confirmed by the analysis of the MIP data. General and environmental innovative firms in the past are more likely to innovate in the present. Environmental regulation, environmental management tools and general organizational changes and improvements trigger environmental innovation, a result that has also been postulated by the famous Porter-hypothesis. Environmental management tools especially help to detect cost-savings (specifically material and energy savings). Following our econometric results, cost-savings are an important driving force of environmental innovation.
Sodium‐hydrogen exchange in guinea‐pig ventricular muscle during exposure to hyperosmolar solutions.

1. The effect on intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular Na+ activity (aNai) of exposure to hyperosmolar solutions was investigated in guinea‐pig ventricular muscle using ion‐sensitive microelectrodes. 2. Exposure of tissue to solution made hyperosmolar by the addition of 100 mM‐sucrose produced an intracellular alkalinization of 0.10 pH units and hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. 3. When extracellular Na+ was reduced to 15 mM by substitution of NaCl with choline chloride, exposure to hyperosmolar solutions caused a decrease in pHi. Identical experiments using LiCl as the sodium substitute resulted in an increase in pHi of a magnitude similar to that seen at physiological Na+ levels. 4. In the presence of 50 microM‐5‐(N,N‐dimethyl)amiloride (DMA), an inhibitor of Na(+)‐H+ exchange, pHi decreased upon exposure to hyperosmolar solution. 5. The recovery of pHi from an intracellular acidosis (induced by brief exposure to NH4Cl) was enhanced in hyperosmolar solution when compared to recovery in isosmolar solution. This enhancement was observed even when aNai was markedly elevated (greater than 25 mM) by inhibition of the Na(+)‐K+ pump. 6. There was an increase in aNai during exposure to hyperosmolar solutions. When the Na(+)‐K+ pump was inhibited with dihydro‐ouabain a component of this increase in aNai was sensitive to DMA. 7. We conclude that exposure of cardiac tissue to hyperosmolar solutions results in an intracellular alkalosis due to activation of the sarcolemmal Na(+)‐H+ exchanger. Such changes should be considered when exposure to hyperosmolar solutions is used in the study of excitation‐contraction coupling and cardiac muscle mechanics.
Exchange rate uncertainty and economic fluctuations in typical emerging economies

This paper examines the role of Exchange Rate Uncertainty (ERU) in driving economic fluctuations in emerging economies using a VAR with stochastic volatility in the mean. We use the quarterly data of three typical emerging economies from 1972Q3 to 2009Q4 within a VAR model. We show that ERU plays a vital role in driving the business cycles of emerging economies. First, an ERU can provoke risks in the financial market and the real economy. Second, ERU hurts equity prices and the output growth of emerging economies. Further investigation shows that the adverse effects of ERU on output are more severe under the fixed exchange rate regime than under the flexible exchange rate regime. This finding implies that adopting the flexible exchange rate regime can help emerging economies mitigate the adverse effects of uncertainty shocks.
Diurnal to interannual variation in the raindrop size distribution over Palau in the western tropical Pacific

We used a three‐year dataset from an impact disdrometer to study the diurnal to interannual variation of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) over Palau in the Western Pacific warm pool. The DSD variability was primarily seasonal, with a secondary contribution due to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. We did not find evidence of a diurnal cycle. In the seasonal cycle, mean drop diameters tended to increase during the westerly monsoon period. Within this period, drop diameters generally increased during the El Niño year and decreased during the La Niña year. However, within the easterly monsoon period, they generally increased in the winter following La Niña, and decreased in the winter following El Niño. The amplitude of the seasonal variation in mean drop diameter was approximately the same as that in Singapore and Sumatra, and about one third of that in India.
Activity‐dependent hyperpolarization of human motor axons produced by natural activity

1 The changes in excitability of motor axons produced by natural activity were measured in six healthy subjects using voluntary contractions lasting 15 s, 30 s and 1 min, by recording the changes in stimulus current required to produce a compound muscle action potential of ≈60 % of maximum. 2 On cessation of the contractions there was a prominent increase in the current required to produce the target potential, accompanied by an increase in rheobase, a decrease in strength‐duration time constant, and an increase in axonal supernormality. These changes indicate that the hypoexcitability was due to axonal hyperpolarization. 3 The activity‐dependent hypoexcitability increased in depth and duration the longer the contraction. Following a 1 min contraction, it produced a 24 % increase in threshold, waning over 15 min. The hypoexcitability was greater than in cutaneous afferents tetanized to produce an equivalent rate‐dependent stress. 4 It is concluded that natural activity results in substantial hyperpolarization of active axons and that, for similar discharge rates, the degree of hyperpolarization is greater in motor axons than cutaneous afferents. The greater effect of activity on the excitability of motor axons could be due to less inward rectification and less persistent Na+ conductance than in sensory axons. It is suggested that motor axons may therefore be more susceptible than cutaneous afferents to conduction block at sites of impaired safety margin for impulse conduction.
Improved Analyses of Changes and Uncertainties in Sea Surface Temperature Measured In Situ since the Mid-Nineteenth Century: The HadSST2 Dataset

Abstract A new flexible gridded dataset of sea surface temperature (SST) since 1850 is presented and its uncertainties are quantified. This analysis [the Second Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature dataset (HadSST2)] is based on data contained within the recently created International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database and so is superior in geographical coverage to previous datasets and has smaller uncertainties. Issues arising when analyzing a database of observations measured from very different platforms and drawn from many different countries with different measurement practices are introduced. Improved bias corrections are applied to the data to account for changes in measurement conditions through time. A detailed analysis of uncertainties in these corrections is included by exploring assumptions made in their construction and producing multiple versions using a Monte Carlo method. An assessment of total uncertainty in each gridded average is obtained by combining these bias-.