Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Numerical Computation of Rational Structures and Asymptotic Standard Deviations in Causal Time Series Data

Problem statement: The specific properties of data series are of primary importance in several sciences. In the field of time series analysis, several researchers have considered the rational approximation theory, particularly the Pade Approximation and Orthogonal Polynomials. Approach: In this study, an approach for the statistical significance of two numerical methods, the r-s and q-d algorithm, was proposed which made possible to identify and compute certain rational structures associated with chronological data. Consideration was given to both univariate and multivariate cases. Results: Both algorithms were illustrated empirically through the use of simulated ARMA and TF models and economic data, some of which were taken from previous studies to compare results. Conclusion: This study highlighted the usefulness of several numerical methods (which were all closely related to the PA and OP) in identifying the rational structures associated with data series.
Fast Inverse Nonlinear Fourier Transforms for Continuous Spectra of Zakharov-Shabat Type

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NSE) is well-known to model an ideal fiber-optic communication channel. Even though the NSE is a nonlinear evolution equation, it can be solved analytically using a nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT). Recently, there has been much interest in transceiver concepts that utilize this NFT and its inverse to (de-)modulate data. Fast algorithms for the (inverse) NFT are a key requirement for the simulation and real-time implementation of fiber-optic communication systems based on NFTs. While much progress has already been made for accelerating the forward NFT, less is known on its inverse. The nonlinear Fourier spectrum comprises a continuous and a discrete part in general, but so far only fast inverse NFTs for signals whose continuous spectrum is null have been reported in the literature. In this paper, we investigate the complementary case and propose the first fast inverse NFT for signals whose discrete spectrum is empty. This is the case required by transmitters in the recently proposed nonlinear inverse synthesis scheme, but the problem also occurs in different application areas such as fiber Bragg grating design. Our algorithms require only $\mathcal{O}(D\log^{2}D)$ floating point operations to generate $D$ samples of the desired signal, which is almost an order of magnitude faster than the current state of the art, $\mathcal{O}(D^{2})$. This paper also quantifies, apparently for the first time, the impact that truncating a signal in the time-domain has on the NFT.
Photometric variability of young brown dwarfs in the σ Orionis open cluster

We have carried out multi-epoch, time-series differential I-band photometry of a large sample of objects in the south-east region of the young (∼3 Myr), nearby (∼350 pc) σ Orionis open cluster. A field of ∼1000 arcmin 2 was monitored during four nights over a period of two years. Using this dataset, we have studied the photometric variability of twenty-eight brown dwarf cluster candidates with masses ranging from the stellar-substellar boundary down to the planetary-mass domain. We have found that about 50% of the sample show photometric variability on timescales from less than one hour to several days and years. The amplitudes of the I-band light curves range from less than 0.01 up to ∼0.4 mag. A correlation between the near-infrared excess in the Ks band, strong Hα emission and large-amplitude photometric variation is observed. We briefly discuss how these results may fit the different scenarios proposed to explain the variability of cool and ultracool dwarfs (i.e. magnetic spots, patchy obscuration by dust clouds, surrounding accretion discs and binarity). Additionally, we have determined tentative rotational periods in the range 3 to 40 h for three objects with masses around 60 MJup, and the rotational velocity of 14 ± 4k m s −1 for one of them.
Higher-order moments in the theory of diversification and portfolio composition

This paper revisits the corner solution in classical portfolio choice theory in which risk-averse agents would all be optimally plungers rather than diversifiers. We examine the effect of higher-order moments of two-, three- and four-parameter density functions on the investor's decision to diversify in an expected utility framework. The empirical analysis provides estimates of four parametric and two semi-nonparametric densities for the S&P500 and concluded that allocation of all wealth in the risky asset would not have been optimal.
A cross-sectional mixed methods study protocol to generate learning from patient safety incidents reported from general practice

Introduction Incident reports contain descriptions of errors and harms that occurred during clinical care delivery. Few observational studies have characterised incidents from general practice, and none of these have been from the England and Wales National Reporting and Learning System. This study aims to describe incidents reported from a general practice care setting. Methods and analysis A general practice patient safety incident classification will be developed to characterise patient safety incidents. A weighted-random sample of 12 500 incidents describing no harm, low harm and moderate harm of patients, and all incidents describing severe harm and death of patients will be classified. Insights from exploratory descriptive statistics and thematic analysis will be combined to identify priority areas for future interventions. Ethics and dissemination The need for ethical approval was waivered by the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board research risk review committee given the anonymised nature of data (ABHB R&D Ref number: SA/410/13). The authors will submit the results of the study to relevant journals and undertake national and international oral presentations to researchers, clinicians and policymakers.
On the boundedness in H1/4 of the maximal square function associated with the Schrödinger equation

A long‐standing conjecture for the linear Schrödinger equation states that 1/4 of the derivative in L2, in the sense of Sobolev spaces, suffices in any dimension for the solution to that equation to converge almost everywhere to the initial datum as the time goes to zero. This is only known to be true in dimension 1, by work of Carleson. In this paper we show that the conjecture is true on spherical averages. To be more precise, we prove the L2 boundedness of the associated maximal square function on the Sobolev class H1/4(ℝn) in any dimension n.
DNA Barcoding Reveals Limited Accuracy of Identifications Based on Folk Taxonomy

Background The trade of plant roots as traditional medicine is an important source of income for many people around the world. Destructive harvesting practices threaten the existence of some plant species. Harvesters of medicinal roots identify the collected species according to their own folk taxonomies, but once the dried or powdered roots enter the chain of commercialization, accurate identification becomes more challenging. Methodology A survey of morphological diversity among four root products traded in the medina of Marrakech was conducted. Fifty-one root samples were selected for molecular identification using DNA barcoding using three markers, trnH-psbA, rpoC1, and ITS. Sequences were searched using BLAST against a tailored reference database of Moroccan medicinal plants and their closest relatives submitted to NCBI GenBank. Principal Findings Combining psbA-trnH, rpoC1, and ITS allowed the majority of the market samples to be identified to species level. Few of the species level barcoding identifications matched the scientific names given in the literature, including the most authoritative and widely cited pharmacopeia. Conclusions/Significance The four root complexes selected from the medicinal plant products traded in Marrakech all comprise more than one species, but not those previously asserted. The findings have major implications for the monitoring of trade in endangered plant species as morphology-based species identifications alone may not be accurate. As a result, trade in certain species may be overestimated, whereas the commercialization of other species may not be recorded at all.
Diagnostic potential of tumor DNA from ovarian cyst fluid

We determined whether the mutations found in ovarian cancers could be identified in the patients' ovarian cyst fluids. Tumor-specific mutations were detectable in the cyst fluids of 19 of 23 (83%) borderline tumors, 10 of 13 (77%) type I cancers, and 18 of 18 (100%) type II cancers. In contrast, no mutations were found in the cyst fluids of 18 patients with benign tumors or non-neoplastic cysts. Though large, prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the safety and clinical utility of this approach, our results suggest that the genetic evaluation of cyst fluids might be able to inform the management of the large number of women with these lesions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.15175. 001
Crowdsourcing and all-pay auctions

In this paper we present and analyze a model in which users select among, and subsequently compete in, a collection of contests offering various rewards. The objective is to capture the essential features of a crowdsourcing system, an environment in which diverse tasks are presented to a large community. We aim to demonstrate the precise relationship between incentives and participation in such systems. We model contests as all-pay auctions with incomplete information; as a consequence of revenue equivalence, our model may also be interpreted more broadly as one in which users select among auctions of heterogeneous goods. We present two regimes in which we find an explicit correspondence in equilibrium between the offered rewards and the users' participation levels. The regimes respectively model situations in which different contests require similar or unrelated skills. Principally, we find that rewards yield logarithmically diminishing returns with respect to participation levels. We compare these results to empirical data from the crowdsourcing site Taskcn.com; we find that as we condition the data on more experienced users, the model more closely conforms to the empirical data.
A Successive Threat Theory of Police Expenditures

Ethnic succession theory is concerned with the process and consequences of racial and ethnic migration into and out of cities. Minority threat theory is a branch of conflict theory that is concerned with the extent to which racial and ethnic minorities are perceived as threatening to the powerful. In this article, we propose a blend of these theories called successive threat theory which posits that racial and ethnic groups are perceived as threatening when they first move into a city, but as they assimilate, the perceived threat dissipates. The primary contribution of this theory is the previously undeveloped and untested notion that different minority groups may serve as threats in different time periods. Using time series analysis of annual data on Chicago from 1893 to 1965, we find support for the theory.
On the convergence between Wireless Sensor Network and RFID: Industrial environment

The convergence between Wireless Sensor Network and RFID technology enables the development of flexible and integrated architectures that could currently represent a competitive solution for several application scenarios. This paper proposes an advanced heterogeneous wireless network designed for industrial environments: typical sensor applications (personal and environmental parameters monitoring), RFID based services (e.g. objects identification) and convergent applications (localization and tracking) are merged. Several research topics are addressed (resource optimization, low power communication within hostile environments, etc). Proposed model would be a generalized solution that assures high performance in terms of reliability, robustness, and flexibility: main architecture component, Multi-Modal Wireless Sensor Node (MM-WSNode), is provided with multiple sensing, communication and data process resource that allows several working modes in function of environmental conditions detected.
[In vivo gene transfection with heat shock protein 70 enhances myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat].

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been reported to be involved in the myocardial self-preservation system. To obtain the evidence that HSP70 plays a direct role in the protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, rat hearts were transfected with human HSP70 gene by intracoronary infusion of hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome containing human HSP70 gene. The control hearts were infused with HVJ-liposome without the HSP70 gene. The hearts from whole-body heat-stressed or nontreated rats were also examined. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed that apparent overexpression of HSP70 occurred in the gene transfected hearts and that gene transfection might be more effective for HSP70 induction than heat stress. In Langendorff perfusion, better functional recovery as well as less creatine phosphokinase leakage after ischemia were obtained in the gene transfected hearts with HSP70 than in the control or nontreated hearts. Furthermore, the gene transfected hearts showed better functional recovery than the heat-stressed hearts. These results indicated that overexpressed HSP70 plays a protective role in myocardial injury, suggesting the possibility that gene transfection with HSP70 may become a novel method for myocardial protection through enforcing the self-preservation systems.
Thalamocortical connections of the parabelt auditory cortex in macaque monkeys

The auditory cortex of macaque monkeys contains a core of primary‐like areas surrounded by a narrow belt of associated fields that encompass much of the superior temporal plane in these animals. Adjacent to the lateral belt on the superior temporal gyrus is a parabelt region that contains at least two subdivisions (rostral and caudal). In a previous study (Hackett et al. [1998] J. Comp. Neurol. 394:475–495), we determined that the parabelt has topographic connections with the belt areas surrounding the core, but minimal connections with the core itself. In this study, we describe the thalamocortical connections of the parabelt auditory cortex based on multiple injections of neuronal tracers into this region in each of five macaque monkeys. Injections confined to the parabelt labeled large numbers of neurons in the dorsal (MGd) and magnocellular (MGm) divisions of the medial geniculate complex (MGC), suprageniculate (Sg), limitans (Lim), and medial pulvinar (PM) nuclei. Only when injections encroached on the lateral belt cortex were substantial numbers of labeled neurons found in the ventral (MGv) division of the MGC, consistent with the absence of significant connections between the parabelt and core fields. The rostrocaudal topography of the parabelt region was maintained in the thalamocortical connections, supporting the parcellation of this region of cortex. The results suggest that the parabelt region represents a third level of auditory cortical processing, which is not influenced by direct inputs from primary cortical or subcortical auditory structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 400:271–286, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS DEFINING SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN WILD RELATIVES OF MAIZE ARE CONTROLLED BY MULTIPLE QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI

Abstract We analyzed the genetic basis of morphological differences between two wild species of teosinte (Zea diploperennis and Z. mays ssp. parviglumis), which are relatives of maize. These two species differ in a number of taxonomically important traits including the structure of the tassel (male inflorescence), which is the focus of this report. To investigate the genetic inheritance of six tassel traits, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with 95 RFLP markers was employed on a population of 425 F2 plants. Each trait was analyzed by interval mapping (IM) and composite interval mapping (CIM) to identify and characterize the QTL controlling the differences in tassel morphology. We detected two to eight QTL for each trait. In total, 30 QTL with IM and 33 QTL with CIM were found for tassel morphology. QTL for several of the traits mapped near each other, suggesting pleiotropy and/or linkage of QTL. The QTL showed small to moderate magnitudes of effect. No QTL of exceptionally large effect were found as seen under domestication and in the case of some other natural species. Thus, the model involving major QTL of large effect seems not to apply to the traits and species analyzed. A mixture of QTL with positive and negative allelic effects was found for most tassel traits and may suggest a history of periodic changes in the direction of selection during the divergence of Z. diploperennis and Z. mays ssp. parviglumis or fixation of QTL alleles by random genetic drift rather than selection. Corresponding Editor: J. Conner
Comparison of Psychological Constructs among Mexican Athletes Participating in the National Inter-Polytechnic University Games, Durango, 2016

The aim of this study was to compare selected psychological constructs of Mexican male and female athletes of individual and team sports who participated in the National Inter-Polytechnic Games in Durango, México, 2016. One hundred and ninety eight athletes completed a questionnaire about burnout syndrome, sports climate, depression, somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-esteem. Results indicated a higher number of men in individual sports and women in team sports with less burnout risk (χ = 16.71, p < 0.001), but with low self-esteem (χ = 20.76, p < 0.001). No significant interactions were found between sports and gender variables for age, general burnout, sports climate, overall self-esteem, confidence, and body satisfaction (p > 0.05). Women had lower mean depression scores than men (45.34 ± 9.42 vs. 47.66 ± 7.64, p = 0.025). Athletes in team sports had lower scores in somatic anxiety than individual sports athletes (13.83 ± 4.51 vs. 14.70 ± 4.94, p = 0.018), and men had lower somatic anxiety scores than women (13.22 ± 4.29 vs. 14.76 ± 4.83, p = 0.002). In conclusion, women showed higher cognitive anxiety scores than men and both showed similarities and differences in psychological constructs related to sports performance during the university sport competition.
Ethnic Peer Pressure or School Inequalities? Ethnic Concentration and Performance in Upper-Secondary Schools

This article provides empirical evidence for the ethnic concentration effect on natives’ and non-natives’ performance in mathematics and reading in upper secondary schools in the North and Center of Italy, where the large majority of immigrants is concentrated. Once schools and compositional controls are included in the models, results show that the ethnic concentration effect on students’ achievement is non-linear and negative effects might occur only once a rather high and empirically still rare concentration of immigrants is reached. The misspecification as linear effect will lead to wrong conclusions and consequently, to wrong policy implications. Further, it is shown how immigration affects differently natives and non-natives, only in vocational schools, where social problems and exclusion tend to concentrate. Last but not the least, results show the overrepresentation of non-native students in vocational schools, with a low quality teaching, and with a large concentration of students from the most disadvantaged social strata.
Management accounting and organizational change: alternative perspectives

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the alternative perspectives for studying management accounting and organizational change. It provides a comprehensive basis for the research of accounting and organizational change conducted in terms of theories used, influential factors, systems applied, dynamics and aspects of change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a “theoretical framework” for studying accounting and organizational change based on obtaining an institutional perspective. By achieving this theoretic construction in the integration of a number of different works, this can summarize the common elements, contrast the differences and work in a way that extends the methodology. It is determined exclusively on a hybrid approach through the adoption of alternative perspectives and complements recent recommendations for bridge building and methodological pluralism among the different debates and perspectives concerning accounting and organizational change research.FindingsThe findings emphasize that the nature of organizational change is not static, rather, it is dynamic and varying over time. Organizational changes are occurring in both extra- and intra-organizational factors that shaped changes in accounting systems in organizations. The study concludes that accounting and organizational change literature has divided theoretical strands into two main perspectives: rational perspectives and interpretive and critical perspectives. Rational perspectives represented by the conventional mainstream of research can be classified into two approaches, normative economic models and positive economic models, which are grounded in neoclassical economic theories. On the other hand, the interpretive and critical perspectives emerged as alternatives to rational perspectives to explain accounting and organizational change within its broader social and economic context.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper has significant implications for the ways in which change dynamics can emerge, diffuse and implement at multilevel of institutional analysis. It also explains the interaction between the accounting and organizational change, which identified that change is both shaped by, and shaping, wider socio-economic and political processes. This broad sensitivity to the nature of change has important implications for the ways of studying accounting and organizational change. Hence, it has important implications for the way in which successful change can be defined in accounting and organizational change literature.Originality/valueThe study contributes to both accounting and organizational change literature by providing a comprehensive review about the development of institutional theory as it examines how the organization is simultaneously subjected to a high level of efficiency and considerable institutional demands. Thereafter, the domain of accounting and organizational change research itself will be extended.
Relation between dust and radio luminosity in optically selected early type galaxies

We have surveyed an optical/IR selected sample of nearby E/S0 galaxies with and without nuclear dust structures with the VLA at 3.6 cm to a sensitivity of 100 $\mu$Jy. We can construct a Radio Luminosity Function (RLF) of these galaxies to $\sim 10^{; ; ; 19}; ; ; $ W Hz$^{; ; ; -1}; ; ; $ and find that $\sim 50$\% of these galaxies have AGNs at this level. The space density of these AGNs equals that of starburst galaxies at this luminosity. Several dust-free galaxies have low luminosity radio cores, and their RLF is not significantly less than that of the dusty galaxies.