Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revolution and reaction in the Himalayas: Cultural resistance and the Maoist “new regime” in western Nepal

The projects of modernity and revolution tend to marginalize and erase the experiences and intentions of their local subjects. Focusing on a women-led uprising against the “people's government” formed by Maoist rebels in one of the western hill districts of Nepal, I examine the disjuncture between external ideological practice and local cultural worlds. I conclude that the radical encounter in this case was culturally mediated, as was the resistance to it. The outcome of the uprising points to “the event” as critical in causing structural indeterminacy—to the possibility that human agency and the contingent can alter the presumed linearity of even the most compelling projects by inserting themselves within structural interstices. [resistance, Maoism, Nepal, peasant, funeral, event, structure]
Exploring Psychopathology, Personality Traits, and Marital Distress Among Women Married to Hypersexual Men

This article reports the findings of a study investigating psychopathology, personality traits, and marital distress among a sample of women married to hypersexual men (n = 85) compared with a control group (n = 85) drawn from a combined college and community sample. Psychopathology and personality traits were measured using the NEO Personality Inventory—Revised (NEO–PI–R), and martial satisfaction was measured using the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of between-group differences was significant. However, although there were a few minor differences with modest effect sizes, examination of post-hoc univariate tests revealed that generally, the wives did not show any more psychopathology or problematic personality traits than would be found within a community sample. In contrast, wives were significantly more distressed about their marriages compared with the controls. Overall, these findings contradict much of the existing research that characterizes wives of hypersexual men as being more depressed, anxious, and chemically dependent, as well as emotionally needy. These findings are discussed as they relate to clinical practice, and recommendations for future research are offered for investigators working with this population of women.
Interleukin‐6 trans‐signalling induces vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis partly via Janus kinases‐STAT3 pathway in human mesothelial cells

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a vital inflammatory factor in the peritoneal cavity of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Because intraperitoneal inflammation is closely associated with angiogenesis, we sought to explore the effect of IL‐6 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis and its transduction pathway in mesothelial cells.
The hidden third: improving outcome in treatment-resistant depression

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) presents many challenges for both patients and physicians. This review aims to evaluate the current status of the field of TRD and reflects the main findings of a consensus meeting held in September 2009. Literature searches were also conducted using PubMed and EMBASE. Abstracts of the retrieved articles were reviewed independently by the authors for inclusion. Evaluation of the clinical evidence in TRD is complicated by the absence of a validated definition, and there is a need to move away from traditional definitions of remission based on severity of symptoms to one that includes normalisation of functioning. One potential way of improving treatment of TRD is through the use of predictive biomarkers and clinical variables. The advent of new treatments may also help by focusing on neurotransmitters other than serotonin. Strategies such as the switching of antidepressants, use of combination therapy with lithium, atypical antipsychotics and other pharmacological agents can improve outcomes, and techniques such as deep brain stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation have shown promising early results. Despite consistent advances in the pharmacotherapy of mood disorders in the last decade, high rates of TRD are still a challenging aspect of overall management.
Morphine Addiction is Tolerated Better in Socialized Male Rats

Drug abuse in some addicts progresses to compulsive drug seeking and taking behaviors. High-risk addictive behaviors tend to make interactions between an addict and the community more complex. Socialization is a necessary process that needs to be developed to accommodate to social life.The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of social interaction during addiction. Forty two (42) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: social, isolated, socialized morphine-treated (SMT) and isolated morphine-treated (IMT). At the end of the study, neurogenesis, corticosterone, nitrite/nitrate, anhedonia with forced swim test and sucrose and salt craving were examined. Neurogenesis was reduced in IMT group compared to SMT group. SMT animals and control demonstrated better forced swim test performance compared to IMT animals. Furthermore, sucrose and salt (NaCl 3%) consumption was found to be higher in IMT animals compared to SMT animals. Corticosterone was higher in IMT rats compared to SMT rats. Nitrite/nitrate was higher in IMT rats compared to SMT rats. Socialization preserves brain functions necessary for life. Hence, socialized addicts can better tolerate addiction-induced adverse effects.
d‐Amphetamine in Elderly Patients Refractory to Rehabilitation Procedures

ABSTRACT: This report concerns the use of d‐amphetamine in 88 elderly in‐patients who initially failed to respond to rehabilitation procedures. These patients exhibited characteristics of the Poor Motivation Syndrome (PMS), not associated with depression or dementia. The syndrome was seen five times more frequently in women. d‐Amphetamine was given for three weeks in increasing dosage (2.5–10.0 mg twice daily). The responses were scored according to mobility, self‐care and motivation. Of the & 8 patients, 48 improved and another 28 were discharged who would otherwise have remained dependent nursing cases. An unexpected finding was that 17 patients showed an age‐related resistance to the effects of the drug (P < 0.05). The likelihood of a beneficial response also diminished with increasing age (P < 0.01). Side effects were in the psychiatric sphere; they occurred in 23 patients early in treatment and were not age‐related; the drug was withdrawn. Thus treatment with d‐amphetamine should be restricted to selected patients who satisfy the diagnostic criteria of PMS, and administration should be carefully supervised. With these safeguards, a substantial proportion of patients previously refractory to rehabilitation will show improvement, become more independent and may be discharged from the hospital in a much more active, less dependent state of mind and body.
Understanding the Effects of Physical and Relational Victimization: The Utility of Multiple Perspectives in Predicting Social-Emotional Adjustment

Abstract Current tools for assessing children's social behavior in school psychology research and practice typically do not adequately measure issues most salient for young girls (e.g., experiences of relational victimization). The relation among teacher, peer, and self-reports of relational and physical peer victimization was examined for 119 fourth grade boys (n = 58) and girls (n = 61) as part of a larger, longitudinal study. Girls were more likely to be victims of relationally aggressive acts, whereas boys were more often targets of physical victimization. Teacher reports added unique information in the prediction of social-emotional adjustment (acceptance, rejection, internalizing, and externalizing) beyond that accounted for by peer and self-reports. Teacher reports of relational victimization differentially contributed to the prediction of adjustment beyond that accounted for by physical victimization for boys and girls. The need for further research and implications of these findings is discussed.
Biological factors responsible for failure of osseointegration in oral implants

Oral implantology (implant dentistry) is the science and discipline concerned with the diagnosis, design, insertion, restoration, and/or management of alloplastic or autogenous oral structure to restore the loss of contour, comfort, function, esthetic, speech, and/or health of the partially or completely edentulous patient. Osseointegration, a term coined by Branemark and co-workers in early 1960s, represents a direct connection between bone and implant without interposed soft tissue layers. The aim of the present review is to discuss various factors responsible for loss of oral implants. The factors contributing to failure of osseointegration have been identified as medical status of the patient, smoking, bone quality, bone grafting, irradiation, bacterial contamination, lack of preoperative antibiotics, degree of surgical trauma, and operator experience. Furthermore, it appears that implant surface properties, roughness and premature loading influence the failure pattern.
The role of the supervisor in career and organizational commitment

Supervisors are increasingly required to support employees in their learning and career development. This study investigated relationships between supervisor support activities and their subordinates' career and organizational commitment. Findings suggested that employees who saw their supervisors as giving them trust and the authority to do the job were more committed to their organization, as were those who perceived their supervisors to engage in feedback and goal-setting. This suggested the potential organizational benefits of performance feedback from managers and the importance of supervisors developing the confidence and skills to delegate effectively and have trust in their subordinates. No relationships were found between supervisor support and career identity, career resilience or career planning. The relationship between perceptions of overall supervisor support and organizational commitment was moderated by employee gender. The findings suggested a positive linear relationship between support and commitment for women, but the association between support and commitment was less straightforward in the male sample.
Reconceptualising moderation in asynchronous online discussions using grounded theory

This article reports a grounded theory study of the moderation of asynchronous online discussions, to explore the processes by which tutors in higher education decide when and how to moderate. It aims to construct a theory of e‐moderation based on some key factors which appear to influence e‐moderation. It discusses previous research on the definition and practice of e‐moderation, and then describes the study, which involved four e‐moderators working in two different university contexts. Key themes on e‐moderation, which emerged using a grounded theory approach, are discussed. It proposes a framework for e‐moderation and suggests that as a facilitative activity, it should be sufficiently contained within a ring‐fenced learning arena. Factors outside and inside the ring‐fence that appear to influence e‐moderation and their implications for future theory development and validation are discussed.
The institutionalization of the alpine region: an analysis based on a study of two pan-alpine networks (Alliance in the Alps and Alparc)

This article attempts to show, through an analysis of two pan-alpine networks, Alliance in the Alps and Alparc, how the Alps are in the process of becoming institutionalized and emerging as a transnational region. This endeavour requires above all an understanding of how these networks function as well as an appreciation of the major challenges facing those involved in projects in this innovative process. The process is taking place at the scale of the entire alpine arc and is contributing to recognition of the Alps as a region in its own right in the European territorial mosaic.
A multilevel meta‐analysis of gender differences in learning orientations

Background. Reviewing gender differences in learning processes does not result in a clear and coherent picture of the magnitude and direction of gender differences (Severiens & ten Dam, 1994). The results not only differ on several dimensions but at times they are actually contradictory. Aims. The aim of the present study is to obtain a more coherent picture of gender differences in learning orientations. Samples. To provide this picture, a meta-analysis was performed on 22 studies which investigate gender differences in learning orientations. The studies used Entwistle's Approaches to Studying Inventory, and were conducted in a variety of higher education settings. Methods. The results of these studies were analysed in a multilevel approach with two levels: the respondents are nested within studies. Results. Results show significant mean gender differences on the Reproduction Orientation (women score higher), and on the Non-academic Orientation (men score higher). Furthermore, gender differences appeared on 11 of 16 scales (e.g., relating ideas, operational learning, fear of failure, negative attitude to studying, extrinsic motivation). The effect scores of 10 of 16 scales of the ASI are heterogeneous. The observed variation in gender differences across studies could not be explained by the small number of available study characteristics. Conclusions. More research is needed which explores factors in the educational context ‘responsible’ for the magnitude and direction of gender differences in learning orientations.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ “TARİH” KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN ALGILARININ MECAZLAR/ METAFORLAR YARDIMIYLA ANALİZİ

Metafor kavrami arastirmacilar tarafindan farkli sekillerde tanimlanir. Lakoff ve Johnson (2005;25) metaforu; bir dusunce malzemesi, insan kavrayisinin bir sekli ve sadece bir soz figuru degil ayni zamanda bir dusunce figuru olarak tanimlamistir. Metaforlar, bir kisinin bir kavrami ya da olguyu algiladigi bicimde, benzetmeler kullanarak ifade etmesidir. Bu arastirmada sosyal bilgiler ogretmen adaylarinin “tarih” kavramiyla ilgili kullandiklari metaforlar ortaya konmaya calisilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi, Sosyal Bilgiler Ogretmenligine devam eden 100 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Arastirma 2011-2012 akademik yilinin bahar doneminde yapilmistir. Bu arastirmada da sosyal bilgiler ogretmen adaylarinin, “tarih” kavramina iliskin sahip olduklari algilari ortaya cikarmak icin, ogretmen adaylarina, “Tarih…. gibidir; cunku …” ifadesinin yazili oldugu bos bir kagit verilerek bosluklari doldurmalari istenmektedir. Calismanin verileri nitel arastirma yontemlerinden icerik analizi yontemiyle incelenmistir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, Sosyal Bilgiler ogretmen adaylarinin “Tarih” kavramina iliskin sahip olduklari algilari metaforlar araciligiyla ortaya koymaktir. Bu genel amac cercevesinde, “sosyal bilgiler ogretmen adaylari “Tarih” kavramina iliskin sahip olduklari algilari hangi metaforlar araciligiyla aciklamaktadir? ” sorusunun cevabi arastirilmistir. Arastirma neticesinde, katilimcilar tarafindan tarih kavramina iliskin zengin metaforlarin olusturuldugu tespit edilmistir. Olusturulan metaforlar ve metafor aciklamalari tarihin genel manada bilinen, anlami ve gorevine uyumlu olarak ortaya cikmistir. Ogrenciler toplam 62 farkli metafor olusturmuslardir. Olusturulan bu metaforlar 11 kategori altinda incelenmistir.
Preventing photomorbidity in long-term multi-color fluorescence imaging of S. cerevisiae and S. pombe

Time-lapse imaging using multiple fluorescent reporters is an essential tool to study molecular processes in single cells. However, exposure to even moderate doses of visible excitation light can disturb cellular physiology and alter the quantitative behavior of the cells under study. Here, we set out to develop guidelines to avoid the confounding effects of excitation light in multi-color long-term imaging. We use widefield fluorescence microscopy to measure the effect of the administered excitation light on growth (here called photomorbidity) in yeast. We find that photomorbidity is determined by the cumulative light dose at each wavelength, but independent of the way excitation light is applied. Importantly, photomorbidity possesses a threshold light dose below which no effect is detectable (NOEL, no-observed-effect level). We found, that the suitability of fluorescent proteins for live-cell imaging at the respective excitation light NOEL is equally determined by the cellular autofluorescence and the fluorescent protein brightness. Last, we show that photomorbidity of multiple wavelengths is additive and imaging conditions absent of photomorbidity can be predicted. Our findings enable researchers to find imaging conditions with minimal impact on physiology and can provide a framework for how to approach photomorbidity in other organisms.
The identification of the Cryptosporidium ubiquitum in pre-weaned Ovines from Aba Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture in China.

OBJECTIVE Cryptosporidium spp. are prevalent globally and sheep are an important zoonotic reservoir. Little data regarding the rates of Cryptosporidium infections in ovines in China are available. This study assessed the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned ovines from Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in the Sichuan province of China. METHODS A total of 213 fecal samples were collected from pre-weaned ovines and were examined microscopically (following modified acid fast staining). In addition, 18S rRNA genetic sequences were amplified from fecal samples by nested PCR and phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in the collected samples was at 14.6% (31/213) and four isolates identified by PCR belonged to the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype (Cryptosporidium ubiquitum) demonstrating that this species was the primary sheep species found in sheep in China. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that the high incidence of Cryptosporidium in sheep poses a significant public health threat and that surveillance practices must be established to prevent zoonotic disease of humans.
Stylization-based ray prioritization for guaranteed frame rates

This paper presents a new method to control graceful scene degradation in complex ray-based rendering environments. It proposes to constrain the image sampling density with object features, which are known to support the comprehension of the three-dimensional shape. The presented method uses Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) techniques to extract features such as silhouettes, suggestive contours, suggestive highlights, ridges and valleys. To map different feature types to sampling densities, we also present an evaluation of the features impact on the resulting image quality. To reconstruct the image from sparse sampling data, we use linear interpolation on an adaptively aligned fractal pattern. With this technique, we are able to present an algorithm that guarantees a desired minimal frame rate without much loss of image quality. Our scheduling algorithm maximizes the use of each given time slice by rendering features in order of their corresponding importance values until a time constraint is reached. We demonstrate how our method can be used to boost and guarantee the rendering time in complex ray-based environments consisting of geometric as well as volumetric data.
MRI sagittal abdominal diameter is a stronger predictor of metabolic syndrome than visceral fat area or waist circumference in a high-risk vascular cohort

Objective: To determine whether sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is associated with the metabolic syndrome independently of visceral fat area (VFA) and waist circumference (WC). Methods: Forty-three high-risk vascular patients were evaluated for metabolic syndrome criteria and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify SAD and VFA at the L4–L5 disc. Comparisons: 1. Baseline differences in patients with and without the metabolic syndrome 2. Forward binary logistic regression analysis of predictors of the metabolic syndrome with SAD, VFA and WC as independents 3. Correlates of SAD. Results: Patients with metabolic syndrome had greater SAD, VFA and WC than patients without the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.01). Of SAD, VFA and WC, only SAD was associated with metabolic syndrome on forward binary logistic regression; beta 0.68, Wald’s statistic 10.8 (P = 0.001) and c-statistic 0.89 (P < 0.001). A > 22.7 cm SAD threshold identified metabolic syndrome with a 91% sensitivity and 80% specificity. SAD correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.918), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = −0.363), triglyceride (r = 0.401), fasting glucose (r = 0.428) and the QUICK index of insulin sensitivity (r = −0.667) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: MRI-measured SAD is associated with the metabolic syndrome and renders the current gold standard of VFA redundant. This measure of obesity-related cardiovascular risk requires validation and evaluation in a prospective cohort.
Becoming a migrant: aspirations of youths during their transition to adulthood in rural Mexico

This article explores young people's transitions to adulthood in a rural community in Mexico. The focus is on participants' migration experiences and the premise is that migration can be understood as an alternative way of inclusion found by the rural youth which is strongly determined by individuals' agency. The article explores the role played by place, class and agency in the migration experiences of this community and closely examines the aspirations and migration opportunities of two teenagers. Results indicate that the lack of opportunities in their localities together with the role played by peer groups and youngsters' own desire for financial independence seem to be determinant factors that stimulate youth in transition's decision to migrate.
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics

Use of the breeding technique to estimate the structure of the analysis " errors of the day " Abstract. A 3D-variational data assimilation scheme for a quasi-geostrophic channel model (Morss, 1998) is used to study the structure of the background error and its relationship to the corresponding bred vectors. The " true " evolution of the model atmosphere is defined by an integration of the model and " rawinsonde observations " are simulated by randomly perturbing the true state at fixed locations. Case studies using different observational densities are considered to compare the evolution of the Bred Vectors to the spatial structure of the background error. In addition, the bred vector dimension (BV-dimension), defined by Patil et al. (2001) is applied to the bred vectors. It is found that after 3–5 days the bred vectors develop well organized structures which are very similar for the two different norms (enstrophy and streamfunction) considered in this paper. When 10 surrogate bred vectors (corresponding to different days from that of the background error) are used to describe the local patterns of the background error, the explained variance is quite high, about 85–88%, indicating that the statistical average properties of the bred vectors represent well those of the background error. However, a subspace of 10 bred vectors corresponding to the time of the background error increased the percentage of explained variance to 96– 98%, with the largest percentage when the background errors are large. These results suggest that a statistical basis of bred vectors collected over time can be used to create an effective constant background error covariance for data assimilation with 3D-Var. Including the " errors of the day " through the use of bred vectors corresponding to the background forecast time can bring an additional significant improvement.