Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-motivational variables of beginner university students in the first year of adaptation to the European Higher Education Area / Variables cognitivo-motivacionales del alumnado de nuevo ingreso en el primer año de adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior

Abstract Within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) the student is the main protagonist of the learning process. This means that teachers must be aware of the cognitive-motivational aspects that influence their learning. This study analyses the academic goals, learning strategies and levels of academic engagement shown by university students in their first year of adaptation to the European Higher Education Area, as well as the relationship between these variables. The results indicate that most students are averagely oriented towards learning goals and highly oriented towards achievement goals, regularly use a wide variety of learning strategies, and show average levels of academic engagement. The correlations between some of these variables are positive and significant. Further research needs to be carried out to understand the role played by different variables in constructing quality autonomous learning processes, not only in relation to students, as in the case of this study, but also in relation to teachers, tasks, contexts, and academic institutions, as well as the different interactions between them.
Dynamic Structure of Emotions Among Individuals with Parkinson's Disease

With few exceptions, the dynamics underlying the mood structures of individuals with Parkinson's Disease have consistently been overlooked. Based on 12 participants' daily self-reports over 72 days, we identified 10 participants whose covariance matrices for positive and negative affect were similar enough to warrant pooling. Dynamic factor models that included factor autoregression and cross-regressions were fitted to the pooled, lagged covariance matrix representing approximately 700 occasions of measurement. Although results from the pooled data indicated that both positive and negative affect had a strong lag-1 autoregressive impact on current positive and negative affect, most individuals showed stronger autoregressive effects for positive than negative affect when examined individually. There was also a weak cross-regression effect of positive affect on negative affect, but the reverse was not true. Through model fitting, we demonstrated that failure to incorporate lagged relations among factors could lead to an overestimation of concurrent correlations among latent factors. Implications of the findings in relation to the orthogonality of positive and negative affect are discussed.
Delinquency and Disdain: Social Capital and the Control of Right-Wing Extremism Among East and West Berlin Youth

The authors link the notion of subterranean traditions to the concepts of control theory, anomic aspirations, and social capital to explain right-wing extremism and school delinquency among German Youth. Weakened informal social controls and anomic aspirations lead to delinquent drift and extremist and delinquent involvements. East Berlin youth are uniquely exposed and vulnerable to anomic aspirations and associated right-wing extremism, but their schools and parents play significant roles in suppressing their rightwing attitudes. Schools and families are underappreciated sources of informal social control and resulting social capital that constrain right-wing extremism and related problems of young people during a period of rapid social change in the former East Germany.
On the evoked mass-potential in relation to electrical background activity in the rabbit.

The relationships between the response configurations of evoked potentials and background EEG activities were investigated from the autocorrelogram and “response amplitude-frequency diagram” by using unanesthetized, immobilized rabbit.Autocorrelograms of EEGs in the arousal state during repetitive flas h stimulation showed an increase of regularity and decrease of noise elements in the amplitudes of the evoked potentials. This elevated brain activity level means the increased acuity and clarity of sensory informations.From the response amplitude-frequency diagram during repetitive lateral geniculate (GL) stimulation, the concentrating-accelerating tendency by arousal were evident in the activities of specific origin. That is to say, with change in the background EEG from sleep to arousal, every component of the cortical potentials evoked by GL stimulations of various frequencies were augmented and especially the responses to only one or two stimulating frequencies were found to show a concentrating increase. These frequencies correspond to the characteristic frequency in the specific system demonstrated in the previous paper (MIMURA et al., 1967). On the other hand, the responses to repetitive reticular (RF) stimulations of various low frequencies retained their irregularity in the response diagrams and, contrary to GL stimulation, their amplitudes were decreased due to arousal EEG. Peripherally induced responses to repetitive flash stimulation exhibited a very complicated behavior in their augmentative and depressive tendencies with change of background EEG, suggesting mixed or summated features due to both augmentative specific activities (by GL stimulation) and depressive non-specific activities (by RF stimulation). The spontaneous regular EEG wave in arousal was discussed from the resemblance of frequencies in relation to the activity changes of the evoked potential.
Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with mild kidney dysfunction.

BACKGROUND A potentially modifiable and underestimated risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with kidney dysfunction is 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, although the relationship between inadequate vitamin D status and manifest CVD in type 2 diabetic subjects with mild kidney impairment has not been extensively examined. METHODS We evaluated the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, baseline kidney function (estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation) and manifest CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, ischaemic stroke, coronary revascularization or carotid endarterectomy) among 462 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS In the whole population, the mean age was 62+/-7 years, 64% were men, 76.3% had hypertension and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 94+/-33 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Kidney function was strongly and inversely associated with CVD. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and prevalent CVD [odds ratio 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.98; P=0.001)] in the whole population independent of baseline kidney function and other known risk factors. Additionally, the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin concentrations and CVD [odds ratio 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99; P=0.045)] remained statistically significant in participants in the lowest estimated GFR tertile after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are independently associated with prevalent CVD in type 2 diabetic patients with mild kidney dysfunction.
The meaning of commitment in professional service relationships: a study of the meaning of commitment used by lawyers and their clients

Several authors have identified the importance of commitment in successful business relationships. However, few studies have considered the meaning of commitment, especially within the context of customer-supplier relationships. Most studies of commitment within the marketing literature use existing conceptualisations developed within the psychology and organisational behaviour literatures. The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of commitment in a customer-supplier relationship context, and to compare this with traditional conceptualisation of commitment. This study investigates the meaning of commitment used by both lawyers and their clients, within the context of their relationship. The findings show that the meaning of commitment used in professional relationships may be more complex than its traditional conceptualisation and should be extended to include at least three additional components including: 'partnership commitment', 'impression management commitment' and 'personal commitment'. It is argued that it is inappropriate to 'borrow' the conceptualisation of the construct of commitment from other disciplines, without considering the market-based context in which it is used. Implications for professional service relationships include that professionals and clients would benefit from sharing a similar meaning of commitment and this meaning may be influenced by the culture, systems and processes of their organisation.
Effects of the addition of fluoride and calcium to low-concentrated carbamide peroxide agents on the enamel surface and subsurface.

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine if the addition of fluoride (F) and calcium (Ca) to home-applied 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents reduces mineral loss on the enamel surface and subsurface. BACKGROUND Home-applied 10% carbamide peroxide effectively whitens teeth. However, bleaching possibly promotes adverse side effects such as tooth hypersensitivity and morphological and chemical alterations, such reductions in calcium and fluoride, that affect the enamel surface. METHODS Sixty human enamel slabs were selected based on evaluation of their surface microhardness (n = 10) and submitted to the application of either a placebo agent, Whiteness™, Opalescence™, Pola Night,™ or one of two experimental carbamide peroxide gels: the first with 0.2% fluoride added and the second with 0.2% calcium added. The gel was applied for 6 h/day for 14 days. Samples were submitted to FT-Raman spectroscopy to evaluate surface mineral content before and after treatment. Additionally, cross-sectional microhardness and polarized light microscopy were carried out, to determine enamel subsurface inorganic loss and lesion depth. RESULTS A significant decrease in mineral content was observed after carbamide peroxide treatment, which resulted in increased lesion depth (p < 0.05). Cross-sectional microhardness assessment and polarized light microscopy demonstrated that all groups (except the placebo) exhibited enamel subsurface mineral loss; however, the inorganic deficit could be effectively controlled by the addition of F and Ca to the experimental bleaching agents. CONCLUSIONS The addition of F and Ca to home-applied bleaching agents may reduce enamel mineral loss.
Inﬂuência da audição musical na prática de exercícios físicos por pessoas adultas

Considering the importance of the knowledge about the aspects inﬂuencing the adherence to physical exercises programs, this qualitative research, aims to verify the inﬂuence of the music as a motivation to the gymnastic practice in the project "Gymnastic and aesthetic balance". To collect empirical data we used the dynamics of focus groups. Fourteen women took part in one of these groups. Considering the analysis and interpretation of the collected data, we highlight the following conclusions: 1) the music in the context of the physical exercises practices can lead the practitioner into a state of "flow or creep" favoring certain oblivion of everyday life, generating greater involvement in the activity; 2) the music can put the practice of physical exercises in the dimension of the play, as when a person moves the body in the direction of the musical vibration, he/she "plays with the body"; 3) the use of musical pulses during the practice of physical exercises may help the accuracy and speed of motor gestures, contributing to the motivation and to the income of both, the group and the individual; 4) concerning a subjective state favored by music, it is possible to observe that the songs have the power to retrieve good or bad memories for some people and therefore, within a group, this effect will escape a possible objective control; 5) high music volume was appointed as a demotivating factor for generating tiredness and irritability.
The vertical distribution of cloud feedback in coupled ocean‐atmosphere models

We assess the vertical distribution of cloud feedbacks in coupled climate models, taking care to distinguish between cloud feedbacks and a change in cloud forcing. We show that the effect of cloud changes on the longwave fluxes provides a strong positive feedback that is broadly consistent across models. In contrast, the effect of cloud changes on the shortwave fluxes ranges from a modest negative to a strong positive feedback, and is responsible for most of the intermodel spread in net cloud feedback. The feedback from high clouds is positive in all models, and is consistent with that anticipated by the Proportionately Higher Anvil Temperature hypothesis over the tropics. In contrast, low cloud cover is responsible for roughly three‐quarters of the difference in global mean net cloud feedback among models, with the largest contributions from regions associated with low‐level subtropical marine cloud systems.
Why Don't American Cities Burn Very Often?

Prompted by the 2005 urban riots in France, this article asks why, with very few exceptions, American cities have not experienced widespread civil disorders since the late 1970s, especially when many of the conditions underlying the earlier disorders persist or have worsened. The answer lies in three factors: the changing ecology of power, techniques for managing marginalization, and distinctive U.S. approaches to the incorporation and control of immigrants.
On a planar variant of the Kakeya problem

A K^n_2-set is a set of zero Lebesgue measure containing a translate of every plane in an (n-2)-dimensional manifold in Gr(n,2), where the manifold fulfills a curvature condition. We show that this is a natural class of sets with respect to the Kakeya problem and prove that dim_H(E)\ge 7/2 for all K^4_2-sets E. When the underlying field is replaced by the complex numbers C, we get dim_H(E)\ge 7 for all K^4_2-sets over C, and we construct an example to show that this is sharp. Thus K^4_2-sets over C do not necessarily have full Hausdorff dimension.
Grammatical agreement errors in L1/L2 translations

159 grammatical agreement errors collected from the translation projects of nine Saudi graduating seniors majoring in translation were analysed. A grammatical agreement error was defined as the incorrect inflection of nouns, verbs, adjectives, anaphoric pronouns, and determiners to show a mismatch in singular, dual, or plural forms or a mismatch in masculine and feminine gender in correspondence with a subject, modified noun or antecedent. There were more disagreeing verbs than pronouns than adjectives. There were more gender than number agreement errors and more interlingual than intralingual. 27% of the errors were due to incorrect gender assignment to the controller or target, 3% were due to inability to determine the number of the controller or target, 24% were due to inability to associate the verb, pronoun or adjective with its correct referent. There were more agreement errors when the controller was singular and plural, when the plural controller was non-human and when the controller was feminine.
The lateral‐occipital and the inferior‐frontal cortex play different roles during the naming of visually presented objects

We reasoned that if an area is devoted to processing only the visual features of objects, then transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to this area in either hemisphere would affect the naming of objects presented in contralateral but not ipsilateral space. In contrast, if an area is involved in language, then one might expect to see effects of TMS when applied over the left but not the right hemisphere, regardless whether objects are in contralateral or ipsilateral space. Our experiments reveal two important findings. First, TMS delivered to the lateral‐occipital complex (LOC), a visual‐form area, affected the naming of objects presented in contralateral but not ipsilateral space, independent of which hemisphere was stimulated. In two additional experiments, when participants named the color of objects or made judgments about the size of stimuli as shown physically on a computer screen, TMS over the contralateral LOC did not affect color naming but did affect the participants' ability to make size judgments. Second, TMS delivered to the left but not the right posterior inferior‐frontal gyrus (pIFG) affected the naming of objects irrespective of whether objects were presented in contralateral or ipsilateral space. In a separate experiment, when participants were asked to either read or categorize words, TMS over the left but not the right pIFG affected word categorization but not word reading. On the basis of these findings, we propose that when people name visually‐presented objects, LOC processes the visual form of objects while the left pIFG processes the semantics of objects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhetoric and Ideology in Social Identification: The Case of Second Generation Irish Youths

This article presents a social psychological analysis of ethnic identity among children born in England of Irish parents (hereafter referred to as second generation Irish). However, rather than drawing upon the cognitive models of identity currently popular within social psychology (e.g. Turner, 1987; Hogg and Abrams, 1988) it emphasizes the rhetorical aspects of identity, following the work of Billig (1987). It is argued that identity is not simply the automatic cognitive output of social categorizations (as currently conceived) but an active process, used and constructed in various ways to achieve certain goals. The argumentative nature of identity is revealed and located within a wider ideological context of intergroup relations and political conflict between Britain and Ireland. This is achieved through an analysis of the natural discourse of second generation Irish youths, obtained from ethnographic observation of those youths actively involved in the social and cultural activities of the Irish community in a large English city.
Athletic Performance

Cressey, E.M. , C.A. West, D.P. Tiberio, W.J. Kraemer, and C.M. Maresh. The effects of ten weeks of lower-body unstable surface training on markers of athletic performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2):561–567. 2007. —Initially reserved for rehabilitation programs, unstable surface training (UST) has recently grown in popularity in strength and conditioning and general exercise scenarios. Nonetheless, no studies to date have examined the effects of UST on performance in healthy, trained individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 10 weeks of lower-body UST on performance in elite athletes. Nineteen healthy, trained members (ages 18–23 years) of a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate men’s soccer team participated. The experimental (US) group (n 10) supplemented their normal conditioning program with lower-body exercises on inflatable rubber discs; the control (ST) group (n 9) performed the same exercises on stable surfaces. Bounce drop jump (BDJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) heights, 40and 10-yard sprint times, and T-test (agility) times were assessed before and after the intervention. The ST group improved significantly on predicted power output on both the BDJ (3.2%) and CMJ (2.4%); no significant changes were noted in the US group. Both groups improved significantly on the 40(US 1.8%, ST 3.9%) and 10-yard sprint times (US 4.0%, ST 7.6%). The ST group improved significantly more than the US group in 40-yard sprint time; a trend toward greater improvement in the ST group was apparent on the 10-yard sprint time. Both groups improved significantly (US 2.9%, ST 4.4%) on T-test performance; no statistically significant changes were apparent between the groups. These results indicate that UST using inflatable rubber discs attenuates performance improvements in healthy, trained athletes. Such implements have proved valuable in rehabilitation, but caution should be exercised when applying UST to athletic performance and general exercise scenarios.
Origin of Particle Clustering in a Simulated Polymer Nanocomposite and its Impact on Rheology

Many nanoparticles have short-range interactions relative to their size, and these interactions tend to be “patchy” since the interatomic spacing is comparable to the nanoparticle size. For a dispersion of such particles, it is not a priori obvious what mechanism will control the clustering of the nanoparticles, and how the clustering will be affected by tuning various control parameters. To gain insight into these questions, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of polyhedral nanoparticles in a dense bead–spring polymer melt under both quiescent and steady shear conditions. We explore the mechanism that controls nanoparticle clustering and find that the crossover from dispersed to clustered states is consistent with the predictions for equilibrium particle association or equilibrium polymerization, and that the crossover does not appear to match the expectations for first-order phase separation typical for binary mixtures in the region of the phase diagram where we can equilibrate the system. At the .
Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis : The effect of sample size

This investigation examined the influence of sample size on different goodness-of-fit indices used in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The first two data sets were derived from large normative samples of responses to a multidimensional self-concept instrument and to a multidimensional instrument used to assess students' evaluations of teaching effectiveness. In the third set, data were simulated and generated according to the model to be tested. In the fourth, data were simulated and generated according to a three-factor model that did not have a simple structure. Twelve fit indicators were used to assess goodness-offit in all CFAs. All analyses were conducted with the LISREL V package. One-way ANOVAs and a visual inspection of graphs were used to assess the sample size effect on each index for the four data sets. Despite the inconsistency of the findings with previous claims, the results are consistent with the observation that the amount of random, unexplained variance varies inversely with sample size. Appendices include a set of computed statements, an explanation and listing of the 12 goodness-of-fit indicators, a bibliography, a table of results, and figures showing sample size effect. (Author/LMO) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Berufliche Zielorientierungen und wahrgenommener Leistungsmangel bei Lehrkräften

Motivationale Determinanten wie Zielorientierungen zeigten in vielen Studien ihren Einfluss auf Leistungsvariablen von Lernern. In dieser Arbeit soll gepruft werden, ob sich solche Zusammenhange auch bei Lehrenden zeigen. An zwei Stichproben von n = 84 Lehrkraften und n = 75 Lehramtsstudierenden soll untersucht werden, ob die berufsbezogenen Lern-, Annaherungsleistungs- und Vermeidungsleistungszielorientierungen mit der per Maslach-Burnout-Inventar gemessenen Belastungsdimension wahrgenommener Leistungsmangel zusammenhangen. Da Effekte von Personlichkeitsfaktoren auf berufliches Belastungserleben bereits in anderen Studien belegt wurden, soll ebenfalls uberpruft werden, ob die Zusammenhange zwischen Zielorientierung und wahrgenommenem Leistungsmangel bei Kontrolle der Personlichkeitsfaktoren weiter bestehen. Fur die Belastungsdimension wahrgenommener Leistungsmangel zeigen Regressionsanalysen erwartungsgemas negative Effekte der Annaherungs- und positive Effekte der Vermeidungsleistungszielorientierung au.