Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management: Hype, hope, or help?

This article examines the nature of Knowledge Management - how it differs from Data Management and Information Management, and its relationship to the development of Expert Systems and Decision Support Systems. It also examines the importance of Communities of Practice and Tacit Knowledge for Knowledge Management. The discussion is organized around five explicit questions. One: What is "knowledge"? Two: Why are people, especially managers, thinking about Knowledge Management? Three: What are the enabling technologies for Knowledge Management? Four: What are the prerequisites for Knowledge Management? Five: What are the major challenges for Knowledge Management?
Feeling Watched: What Determines Perceived Observation?

The feeling of being watched has several well-documented consequences, from social facilitation to the induction of pro-social behavior. Even though the effects of being watched have long been in the focus of scientific interest, it remains unclear which features determine the actual subjective feeling of being watched. We report 2 experiments to approach this question. Participants were confronted with pictures showing the faces of different creatures while imagining being in an embarrassing situation. Participants rated for each creature in each situation how strongly they felt watched and how much ability they ascribed to the creature to reflect on the situation. A between-experiment manipulation of how much ability was ascribed to a particular creature further probed for a causal relation between the 2 variables. Results confirmed that the creature’s ascribed ability to reflect on the situation is a key component that determines the feeling of being watched in humans.
Association of Diabetes Related Complications with Heart Rate Variability among a Diabetic Population in the UAE

Microvascular, macrovascular and neurological complications are the key causes of morbidity and mortality among type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations of cardiac autonomic function of diabetic patients in relation to three types of diabetes-related complications. ECG recordings were collected and analyzed from 169 T2DM patients in supine position who were diagnosed with nephropathy (n = 55), peripheral neuropathy (n = 64) and retinopathy (n = 106) at two hospitals in the UAE. Comparison between combinations of patients with complications and a control diabetic group (CONT) with no complication (n = 34) was performed using time, frequency and multi-lag entropy measures of heart rate variability (HRV). The results show that these measures decreased significantly (p<0.05) depending on the presence and type of diabetic complications. Entropy, (median, 1st- 3rd interquartile range) for the group combining all complications (1.74,1.37–2.09) was significantly lower than the corresponding values for the CONT group (1.77, 1.39–2.24) with lag-1 for sequential beat-to-beat changes. Odds ratios (OR) from the entropy analysis further demonstrated a significantly higher association with the combination of retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy versus CONT (OR: 1.42 at lag 8) and an even OR for the combination of retinopathy and nephropathy (OR: 2.46 at lag 8) compared to the other groups with complications. Also, the OR of low frequency power to high frequency power ratio (LF/HF) showed a higher association with these diabetic-related complications compared to CONT, especially for the patient group combining all complications (OR: 4.92). This study confirms that the type of microvascular or peripheral neuropathy complication present in T2DM patients have different effects on heart rate entropy, implying disorders of multi-organ connectivity are directly associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Clinical practice may benefit from including multi-lag entropy for cardiac rhythm analysis in conjunction with traditional screening methods in patients with diabetic complications to ensure better preventive and treatment outcomes in the Emirati Arab population.
Formation of isolated dwarf galaxies with feedback

We present results of high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies. Our simulations start from cosmological initial conditions at high redshift. They include metal-dependent cooling, star formation, feedback from type II and type Ia supernovae and UV background radiation, with physical recipes identical to those applied in a previous study of Milky Way type galaxies. We find that a combination of feedback and the cosmic UV background results in the formation of galaxies with properties similar to the Local Group dwarf spheroidals, and that their effect is strongly moderated by the depth of the gravitational potential. Taking this into account, our models naturally reproduce the observed luminosities and metallicities. The final objects have halo masses between 2.3 × 10 8 and 1.1 × 10 9 M� , mean velocity dispersions between 6.5 and 9.7 kms −1 , stellar masses ranging from 5 × 10 5 to 1.2 ×10 7 M� , median metallicities between [Fe/H] = 1:8 and 1:1, and half-light radii of the order of 200 to 300 pc, all comparable with Local Group dwarf spheroidals. Our simulations also indicate that the dwarf spheroidal galaxies observed today lie near a halo mass threshold around 10 9 M� , in agreement with stellar kinematic data, where supernova feedback not only suffices to completely expel the i nterstellar medium and leave the residual gas-free, but where the combination of feedback, UV radiation and self-shielding establishes a dichotomy of age distributions similar to that observed in the Milky Way and M31 satellites.
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report 322 Entrepreneurship, Frictions, and Wealth

Although the role of financial constraints on entrepreneurial choices has received considerable attention , the effects of these constraints on aggregate capital accumulation and wealth inequality are less known. Entrepreneurship is an important determinant of capital accumulation and wealth concentration and, conversely, the distribution of wealth affects entrepreneurial choices in the presence of borrowing constraints. We construct a model that matches wealth inequality very well, for both entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, and find that more restrictive borrowing constraints generate less wealth concentration, but also reduce average firm size, aggregate capital, and the fraction of entrepreneurs. We also find that voluntary bequests are an important channel that allows some high-ability workers to establish or enlarge an entrepreneurial activity: with accidental bequests only, there would be fewer large firms, fewer entrepreneurs, and less aggregate capital, but also less wealth concentration. for helpful comments. The views herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, the Federal Reserve System, or the NSF.
Maximum likelihood calibration of a magnetometer using inertial sensors

Magnetometers and inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) are widely used to estimate 3D orientation. For the orientation estimates to be accurate, the sensor axes need to be aligned and the magnetometer needs to be calibrated for sensor errors and for the presence of magnetic disturbances. In this work we use a grey-box system identification approach to compute maximum likelihood estimates of the calibration parameters. An experiment where the magnetometer data is highly disturbed shows that the algorithm works well on real data, providing good calibration results and improved heading estimates. We also provide an identifiability analysis to understand how much rotation is needed to be able to solve the calibration problem.
Parenteral nutrition in patients with renal failure – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 17

Partial EN (enteral nutrition) should always be aimed for in patients with renal failure that require nutritional support. Nevertheless PN (parenteral nutrition) may be necessary in renal failure in patient groups with acute or chronic renal failure (ARF or CRF) and additional acute diseases but without extracorporeal renal replacement therapy, or in patients with ARF or CRF with additional acute diseases on extracorporeal renal replacement therapy, haemodialysis therapy (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), or in patients on HD therapy with intradialytic PN. Patients with renal failure who show marked metabolic derangements and changes in nutritional requirements require the use of specifically adapted nutrient solutions. The substrate requirements of acutely ill, non-hypercatabolic patients with CRF correspond to those of patients with ARF who are not receiving any renal replacement patients therapy (utilisation of the administered nutrients has to be monitored carefully). In ARF patients and acutely ill CRF patients on renal replacement therapy, substrate requirements depend on disease severity, type and extent/frequency of extracorporeal renal replacement therapy, nutritional status, underlying disease and complications occurring during the course of the disease. Patients under HD have a higher risk of developing malnutrition. Intradialytic PN (IDPN) should be used if causes of malnutrition cannot be eliminated and other interventions fail. IDPN should only be carried out when modifiable causes of malnutrition are excluded and enhanced oral (like i.e. additional energy drinks) or enteral supply is unsuccessful or cannot be carried out.
Breeding of selenium rich red glutinous rice, protein extraction and analysis of the distribution of selenium in grain.

Selenium acts as a chemo preventive agent for specific cancers, which can be useful as protective agent against stress. The objective of this study was to breed healthy selenium rich red glutinous rice serving as diet and search for convenient methods to extract protein from grain and measure the protein and selenium concentration. Furthermore, determine the interaction of selenium and protein in different parts of red glutinous rice seeds. After progress of five years breeding, the red glutinous rice achieved the standard (≥40 ng/g) selenium contents of 121.75 ± 3.01 ng/g. Total selenium concentrations in the rice fractions varied in the following order: husk ˂ polished rice ˂ whole grain ˂ bran. Through the analysis of the protein content in different red glutinous rice parts, compared with the selenium concentration, we have made a conclusion that more than 80% selenium in the grain is organic selenium (in selenoprotein form) and more than half of the total selenium is in the endosperm of the red glutinous rice. Overall, the selenium rich red glutinous rice might be used as a natural healthy food, which could be applied as preventive measures against cancer and supplements in medical treatments near future. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers
JOB SATISFACTION AS CORRELATES OF LIBRARIANS’ PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA

Job satisfaction of employees plays a crucial role in determining the general productivity of workers in any organization. The general opinion was that job satisfaction and productivity of librarians in public university libraries in Nigeria were low and a cause for concern. This study investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity of librarians in Nigerian public universities. A correlational survey research design was adopted. The study population consisted of 1,254 librarians in public university libraries in Nigeria, from which 923 were selected using simple random sampling. The research instrument used was a self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire validation was subjected to the scrutiny experts in the areas of the variables studied; it gave a reliability coefficient of 0.78 for Job Satisfaction; and 0.94 for Productivity. A response rate of 67.2% was achieved. Data were analysed using descriptive (percentage, mean, average mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson Product Moment Correlation) statistics. The study revealed a significant relationship between job satisfaction and productivity (r = 0.025, P < 0.05) of librarians in public university libraries in Nigeria. The study concluded that contrary to general belief, job satisfaction and productivity levels of librarians in university libraries were high. It is recommended that university library management should continue to promote values such as improved employee recognition, good leadership style and improved human capital development programmes that would increase job satisfaction and productivity of its workforce.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection therapy are equally effective in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, parallel-group, 24-week study.

OBJECTIVE Compare the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy with multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 132 CSII-naive type 2 diabetic patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to CSII (using insulin aspart) or MDI therapy (bolus insulin aspart and basal NPH insulin) in a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group, 24-week study. Efficacy was assessed with HbA(1c) and eight-point blood glucose (BG) profiles. Treatment satisfaction was determined with a self-administered questionnaire. Safety assessments included adverse events, hypoglycemic episodes, laboratory values, and physical examination findings. RESULTS HbA(1c) values decreased similarly for both groups from baseline (8.2 +/- 1.37% for CSII, 8.0 +/- 1.08% for MDI) to end of study (7.6 +/- 1.22% for CSII, 7.5 +/- 1.22% for MDI). The CSII group showed a trend toward lower eight-point BG values at most time points (only significant 90 min after breakfast; 167 +/- 48 vs. 192 +/- 65 mg/dl for CSII and MDI, respectively; P = 0.019). A total of 93% of CSII-treated subjects preferred the pump to their previous injectable insulin regimen for reasons of convenience, flexibility, ease of use, and overall preference. Safety assessments were comparable for both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Insulin aspart in CSII therapy provided efficacy and safety comparable to MDI therapy for type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes can be trained as outpatients to use CSII and prefer CSII to injections, indicating that pump therapy should be considered when initiating intensive insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes.
The influence of cultural beliefs on the utilisation of rehabilitation services in a rural South African context: Therapists’ perspective

South Africa has a population of 51.8 million people of which 7.5% over the age of five has a disability according to the latest census data (Statistics South Africa 2014). This statistic on the national prevalence of disability should be interpreted with caution since psychosocial and neurological disabilities are not accounted for (Statistics South Africa 2014). The most recent data on disability in South Africa is from the national census of 2011, which defined 'disability' as : . a physical or mental handicap which has lasted for six months or more, or is expected to last at least six months, which prevents the person from carrying out daily activities independently, or from participating fully in educational, economic or social activities. (Statistics South Africa 2014) In South Africa 38% of the population resides in rural areas, and 25% of the labour force is unemployed (The World Bank 2014). At the time of the national census in 2011, more than a quarter (26.3%) of all poor people in South Africa resided in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), most living below the per capita upper-bound poverty line of R620 per month (Statistics South Africa 2014). The co-existence of poverty and disability reinforces one another (Grech 2009; Sala-i-Martin 2005). High levels of poverty together with the high incidence of disability and the large percentage of the population living in rural areas, present challenges to providing 'health for all' in South Africa (Department of Health [DOH] 2010; Schaay & Sanders 2008).
Execution of Macrophage Apoptosis by PE_PGRS33 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2-dependent Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α*

Combating tuberculosis requires a detailed understanding of how mycobacterial effectors modulate the host immune response. The role of the multigene PE family of proteins unique to mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis is still poorly understood, although certain PE_PGRS genes have been linked to virulence. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is essential for successfully combating tuberculosis. In this study we provide evidence that PE_PGRS33, a surface exposed protein, elicits TNF-α release from macrophages in a TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2)-dependent manner. ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) is activated downstream of TLR2. ASK1 activates the MAPKs p38 and JNK. PE_PGRS33-induced signaling leads to enhanced expression of TNF-α and TNF receptor I (TNFRI) genes. Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing PE_ PGRS33 elicits the same effects as purified PE_PGRS33. TNF-α release occurs even when internalization of the bacteria is blocked by cytochalasin D, suggesting that interaction of PE_ PGRS33 with TLR2 is sufficient to trigger the effects described. Release of TNF-α plays the determining role in triggering apoptosis in macrophages challenged with PE_PGRS33. The death receptor-dependent signals are amplified through classical caspase 8-dependent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, leading to the activation of caspases 9 and 3. An important aspect of our findings is that deletions within the PGRS domain (simulating those occurring in clinical strains) attenuate the TNF-α-inducing ability of PE_PGRS33. These results provide the first evidence that variations in the polymorphic repeats of the PGRS domain modulate the innate immune response.
A novel shaping scheme for PAPR reduction in single-carrier modulation

A novel PAPR shaping technique for single carrier transmission with high spectral efficiency is presented. This technique applies puncturing of error correction redundancy bits to achieve a desired Markovian symbol transmission probability distribution, which avoids symbol sequences with high peak values. To measure the overall gain of a peak reduction transmission, a link-gain metric, which takes into account both PAPR reduction and average energy loss, is presented. For a 16-QAM system with transmission rate of 3 bits/symbol and a SRRC pulse shape with roll-off factor 0.1 and duration of 4 symbols, a link gain of 1.87 dB is demonstrated using a pragmatic binary Turbo code for error correction. The technique can be used to improve any single carrier communication link limited by the PA peak power. It is in particular attractive to satellite communications by maximizing the rate of a given transponder, or given terminal hardware.
Generalized lessons about sequence learning from the study of the serial reaction time task

Over the last 20 years researchers have used the serial reaction time (SRT) task to investigate the nature of spatial sequence learning. They have used the task to identify the locus of spatial sequence learning, identify situations that enhance and those that impair learning, and identify the important cognitive processes that facilitate this type of learning. Although controversies remain, the SRT task has been integral in enhancing our understanding of implicit sequence learning. It is important, however, to ask what, if anything, the discoveries made using the SRT task tell us about implicit learning more generally. This review analyzes the state of the current spatial SRT sequence learning literature highlighting the stimulus-response rule hypothesis of sequence learning which we believe provides a unifying account of discrepant SRT data. It also challenges researchers to use the vast body of knowledge acquired with the SRT task to understand other implicit learning literatures too often ignored in the context of this particular task. This broad perspective will make it possible to identify congruences among data acquired using various different tasks that will allow us to generalize about the nature of implicit learning.
Paracellular permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002 C-terminal amidation in nasal delivery

Background The identification of permeation enhancers has gained interest in the development of drug delivery systems. A six-mer peptide, H-FCIGRL-OH (AT1002), is a tight junction modulator with promising permeation-enhancing activity. AT1002 enhances the transport of molecular weight markers or agents with low bioavailability with no cytotoxicity. However, AT1002 is not stable in neutral pH or after incubation under physiological conditions, which is necessary to fully uncover its permeation-enhancing effect. Thus, we increased the stability or mitigated the instability of AT1002 by modifying its terminal amino acids and evaluated its subsequent biological activity. Methods C-terminal-amidated (FCIGRL-NH2, Pep1) and N-terminal-acetylated (Ac-FCIGRL, Pep2) peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We further assessed cytotoxicity on cell monolayers, as well as the permeation-enhancing activity following nasal administration of the paracellular marker mannitol. Results Pep1 was nontoxic to cell monolayers and showed a relatively low decrease in peak area compared to AT1002. In addition, administration of mannitol with Pep1 resulted in significant increases in the area under the plasma concentration–time curve and peak plasma concentration at 3.63-fold and 2.68-fold, respectively, compared to mannitol alone. In contrast, no increase in mannitol concentration was shown with mannitol/AT1002 or mannitol/Pep2 compared to the control. Thus, Pep1 increased the stability or possibly reduced the instability of AT1002, which resulted in an increased permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002. Conclusion These results suggest the potential usefulness of C-terminal-amidated AT1002 in enhancing nasal drug delivery, which may lead to the development of a practical drug delivery technology for drugs with low bioavailability.
Separating the polynomial-time hierarchy by oracles

We present exponential lower bounds on the size of depth-k Boolean circuits for computing certain functions. These results imply that there exists an oracle set A such that, relative to A, all the levels in the polynomial-time hierarchy are distinct, i.e., ΣkP,A is properly contained in Σk+1P,A for all k.
The Relationships of Teacher Ethnic Discrimination, Ethnic Identification, and Host National Identification to School Misconduct of Turkish and Moroccan Immigrant Adolescents in Belgium

ABSTRACT We focus on school misconduct and how ethnic teacher discrimination, ethnic identification, and host national identification are associated with school misconduct of male and female immigrant adolescents. Additionally, we verify the moderating role of ethnic identification and host national identification. The results show that discrimination and host national identification are related with the school deviance of immigrant adolescents. The relationship between discrimination and school deviance differs for male and female adolescents. Ethnic identification and host national identification only moderate the relationship of ethnic teacher discrimination and school delinquency for girls who experienced ethnic teacher discrimination on a frequent basis.