Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of particle size on the biological availability of calcium and phosphorus in defluorinated phosphate for chicks.

A total of 576 d-old, male, broiler chicks were used in two trials 1) to determine the range of Ca and P levels over which the response in bone characteristics is linear and 2) to determine the influence of particle size of defluorinated rock phosphate (DFP) on the bioavailability of Ca and P in DFP. Six treatments were used in Experiment 1 in which varying percentages of added Ca (.00, .06, .12, .24, .36, and .48%) and added P (.00, .05, .10, .20, .30, and .40%) were evaluated in a corn-soybean meal diet containing 23% CP, . 47% Ca, and . 39% P (.14% available P). Weight gain, feed intake, and tibia breaking strength increased (P less than .001) with increasing levels of dietary Ca and P. Treatments in Experiment 2 consisted of: 1) Diet 1, a corn-soybean meal basal diet (23% CP, .50% Ca, .46% P, .21% available P), 2) Diet 1 with . 12% added Ca from calcium carbonate (CC) and . 07% added P from monosodium phosphate (MSP), 3) Diet 1 with . 24% added Ca from CC and . 14% added P from MSP; and 4 to 8), Diet 1 with . 24% added Ca and . 14% added P from five particle sizes of DFP. Feed intake, weight gain, and tibia breaking strength and ash percentage increased linearly (P less than .01) and feed:gain ratio decreased quadratically (P less than .10) with increasing percentages of added Ca and P in Diets 1 to 3. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gait mechanics in those with/without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The objective of the study was to evaluate differences in gait mechanics 5 years after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, for non‐osteoarthritic (n = 24) versus osteoarthritic (n = 9) subjects. For the involved knee, the osteoarthritic group demonstrated significantly lower peak knee flexion angles (non‐osteoarthritic = 24.3 ± 4.6°, osteoarthritic = 19.1 ± 2.9°, p = 0.01) and peak knee flexion moments (non‐osteoarthritic = 5.3 ± 1.2% Body Weight × Height, osteoarthritic = 4.4 ± 1.2% Body Weight × Height, p = 0.05). Differences in peak knee adduction moment approached significance, with a higher magnitude for the osteoarthritic group (non‐osteoarthritic = 2.4 ± 0.8% Body Weight × Height, osteoarthritic = 2.9 ± 0.5% Body Weight × Height, p = 0.09). Peak medial compartment joint load was evaluated using electromyography‐informed neuromusculoskeletal modeling. Peak medial compartment joint load in the involved knee for the two groups was not different (non‐osteoarthritic = 2.4 ± 0.4 Body Weight, osteoarthritic = 2.3 ± 0.6 Body Weight). The results suggest that subjects with dissimilar peak knee moments can have similar peak medial compartment joint load magnitudes. There was no evidence of inter‐limb asymmetry for either group. Given the presence of inter‐group differences (non‐osteoarthritic vs. osteoarthritic) for the involved knee, but an absence of inter‐limb asymmetry in either group, it may be necessary to evaluate how symmetry is achieved, over time, and to differentiate between good versus bad inter‐limb symmetry, when evaluating knee gait parameters. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:625–633, 2017.
Molecular mechanism and therapy application of necrosis during myocardial injury

Necrosis is an ancient topic which gains new attraction in the research area these years. There is no doubt that some necrosis can be regulated by genetic manipulation other than an accidental cell death resulting from physical or chemical stimuli. Recent advances in the molecular mechanism underlying the programmed necrosis show a fine regulation network which indicates new therapy targets in human diseases. Heart diseases seriously endanger our health and have high fatality rates in the patients. Cell death of cardiac myocytes is believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. Although necrosis is likely to play a more important role in cardiac cell death than apoptosis, apoptosis has been paid much attention in the past 30 years because it used to be considered as the only form of programmed cell death. However, recent findings of programmed necrosis and the related signalling pathways have broadened our horizon in the field of programmed cell death and promote new pharmacological application in the treatment of heart diseases. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress in these signalling pathways and discuss the pathos‐physiological relevance and therapeutic implication of targeting necrosis in heart diseases treatment.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Skeletal Muscle Changes After Elective Colorectal Cancer Resection

, ABSTRACT Background. Muscle depletion is a poor prognostic indi-cator in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but there were no data assessing comparative temporal body composition changes following elective CRC surgery. We examined patient skeletal muscle index trajectories over time after surgery and determined factors that may contribute to those alterations. Methods. Patients diagnosed with CRC undergoing elective surgical resection between 2006 and 2013 were included in this study. Image analysis of serial computed tomography (CT) scans was used to calculate lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI). A multilevel mixed-effect linear regression model was applied using STATA (version 12.0) using the xtmixed command to ﬁt growth curve models (GCM) for LSMI and time. Results. In 856 patients, a total of 2136 CT images were analyzed; 856 (38.2 %) were preoperative. A quadratic GCM with random intercept and random slope for patients’ LSMI was identiﬁed that demonstrated laparoscopy produces a positive change on the LSMI curve [estimate = 0.17 cm 2 /m 2 , standard error (SE) 0.06 cm 2 / m 2 ; p = 0.03], whereas Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage III ? IV disease contributed to a negative curve change (estimate = - 0.19 cm 2
Extraction of Indigo from Some Isatis species and Dyeing Standardization Using Low-technology Methods

Fresh leaves of four Isatis species culture form of I. tinctoria L and wild forms of I. buschiana Schischkin, I. candolleana Boiss. (endemic) and I. tinctoria L. subsp. corymbosa. (Boiss.) were used for indigo production. Dyes were extracted by fermentation and hot water application. The extracted dyes were optimized with different pH and reducing agents. Results showed that the dye from hot water application produced the desired dying quality at pH 11. Reducing agent concentrations had no significant effect on color quality. Dark blue and blue colors were obtained from I. tinctoria and I. candolleana extracts although I. tinctoria subsp. corymbosa and I. buschiana produced mostly yellow-gray colors. Light, dry and wet rubbing fastness values varied between 3 and 3/4 while washing fastness was between 2 and 4/5. The highest indigo amounts were determined spectrophotometrically as 4.19 mg/g and 2.53 mg/g in I. tinctoria and I. candolleana, respectively. Results also showed that harvesting season was important for indigo production and the highest indigo amount was observed in mid-June.
Visuospatial Functioning in the Primary Progressive Aphasias

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify whether the three main primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants would show differential profiles on measures of visuospatial cognition. We hypothesized that the logopenic variant would have the most difficulty across tasks requiring visuospatial and visual memory abilities. Methods: PPA patients (n=156), diagnosed using current criteria, and controls were tested on a battery of tests tapping different aspects of visuospatial cognition. We compared the groups on an overall visuospatial factor; construction, immediate recall, delayed recall, and executive functioning composites; and on individual tests. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made, adjusted for disease severity, age, and education. Results: The logopenic variant had significantly lower scores on the visuospatial factor and the most impaired scores on all composites. The nonfluent variant had significant difficulty on all visuospatial composites except the delayed recall, which differentiated them from the logopenic variant. In contrast, the semantic variants performed poorly only on delayed recall of visual information. The logopenic and nonfluent variants showed decline in figure copying performance over time, whereas in the semantic variant, this skill was remarkably preserved. Conclusions: This extensive examination of performance on visuospatial tasks in the PPA variants solidifies some previous findings, for example, delayed recall of visual stimuli adds value in differential diagnosis between logopenic variant PPA and nonfluent variant PPA variants, and illuminates the possibility of common mechanisms that underlie both linguistic and non-linguistic deficits in the variants. Furthermore, this is the first study that has investigated visuospatial functioning over time in the PPA variants. (JINS, 2018, 24, 259–268)
Methods for inoculation and recovery of Salmonella from chicken eggs.

Various methods of applying inoculum and recovering low numbers of artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium on eggs were evaluated. Inoculation methods tested were suspending cells in 1) . 85% saline; 2) 1% peptone; 3) sterile chicken fecal paste; or 4) a 1:10 dilution of chicken feces in . 85% saline. Sampling methods tested were 1) shell and membrane massage; and 2) mortar and pestle grinding of shells and membranes. The method that yielded the best recovery of low numbers of Salmonella was as follows: 1) apply cell suspension in 1% peptone to egg; 2) sample egg by a hand crush and massage of shell and membranes in 50 mL of buffered peptone; 3) incubate shell and membranes in buffered peptone overnight and then plate onto selective agar. Methods that did not improve sensitivity of recovery included varying the inoculum drying time, addition of FeSO4 or Cleland's reagent to the recovery medium, and varying the temperature of the inoculum to affect penetration.
CDCA5 regulates proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma and has potential as a negative prognostic marker

Background CDCA5 plays an important role in the development of various human cancers, but the associated mechanisms have not been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods We evaluated expression levels and functions of CDCA5 in HCC and showed that CDCA5 is upregulated in HCC tissues compared with paired or unpaired normal liver tissues. Results Increased CDCA5 expression in HCCs was significantly associated with shorter survival of patients. Knockdown of CDCA5 using lentivirus-mediated shRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed cell survival, as well as induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and cell apoptosis of HCC cells. The tumor suppression effects of CDCA5 knockdown were mediated by decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CyclinB1, which were increased in HCC tissues comparing with adjacent normal liver tissues. Moreover, upregulation of CDCA5 was positively associated with increased CDK1 and CyclinB1 expression in HCC tissues. Conclusion The present data warrant consideration of CDCA5 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
A CMC1‐knockout reveals translation‐independent control of human mitochondrial complex IV biogenesis

Defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV) frequently cause encephalocardiomyopathies. Human CIV assembly involves 14 subunits of dual genetic origin and multiple nucleus‐encoded ancillary factors. Biogenesis of the mitochondrion‐encoded copper/heme‐containing COX1 subunit initiates the CIV assembly process. Here, we show that the intermembrane space twin CX9C protein CMC1 forms an early CIV assembly intermediate with COX1 and two assembly factors, the cardiomyopathy proteins COA3 and COX14. A TALEN‐mediated CMC1 knockout HEK293T cell line displayed normal COX1 synthesis but decreased CIV activity owing to the instability of newly synthetized COX1. We demonstrate that CMC1 stabilizes a COX1‐COA3‐COX14 complex before the incorporation of COX4 and COX5a subunits. Additionally, we show that CMC1 acts independently of CIV assembly factors relevant to COX1 metallation (COX10, COX11, and SURF1) or late stability (MITRAC7). Furthermore, whereas human COX14 and COA3 have been proposed to affect COX1 mRNA translation, our data indicate that CMC1 regulates turnover of newly synthesized COX1 prior to and during COX1 maturation, without affecting the rate of COX1 synthesis.
3D Object Dense Reconstruction from a Single Depth View

In this paper, we propose a novel approach, 3D-RecGAN++, which reconstructs the complete 3D structure of a given object from a single arbitrary depth view using generative adversarial networks. Unlike existing work which typically requires multiple views of the same object or class labels to recover the full 3D geometry, the proposed 3D-RecGAN++ only takes the voxel grid representation of a depth view of the object as input, and is able to generate the complete 3D occupancy grid with a high resolution of 256^3 by recovering the occluded/missing regions. The key idea is to combine the generative capabilities of autoencoders and the conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) framework, to infer accurate and fine-grained 3D structures of objects in high-dimensional voxel space. Extensive experiments on large synthetic datasets and real-world Kinect datasets show that the proposed 3D-RecGAN++ significantly outperforms the state of the art in single view 3D object reconstruction, and is able to reconstruct unseen types of objects.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Phrenic Long-Term Facilitation in SOD1G93A Rats

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron disease, causing muscle paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Effective means to preserve/restore ventilation are necessary to increase the quality and duration of life in ALS patients. At disease end-stage in a rat ALS model (SOD1G93A), acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) restores phrenic nerve activity to normal levels via enhanced phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF). Mechanisms enhancing pLTF in end-stage SOD1G93A rats are not known. Moderate AIH-induced pLTF is normally elicited via cellular mechanisms that require the following: Gq-protein-coupled 5-HT2 receptor activation, new BDNF synthesis, and MEK/ERK signaling (the Q pathway). In contrast, severe AIH elicits pLTF via a distinct mechanism that requires the following: Gs-protein-coupled adenosine 2A receptor activation, new TrkB synthesis, and PI3K/Akt signaling (the S pathway). In end-stage male SOD1G93A rats and wild-type littermates, we investigated relative Q versus S pathway contributions to enhanced pLTF via intrathecal (C4) delivery of small interfering RNAs targeting BDNF or TrkB mRNA, and MEK/ERK (U0126) or PI3 kinase/Akt (PI828) inhibitors. In anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated rats, moderate AIH-induced pLTF was abolished by siBDNF and UO126, but not siTrkB or PI828, demonstrating that enhanced pLTF occurs via the Q pathway. Although phrenic motor neuron numbers were decreased in end-stage SOD1G93A rats (∼30% survival; p < 0.001), BDNF and phosphorylated ERK expression were increased in spared phrenic motor neurons (p < 0.05), consistent with increased Q-pathway contributions to pLTF. Our results increase understanding of respiratory plasticity and its potential to preserve/restore breathing capacity in ALS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Since neuromuscular disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), end life via respiratory failure, the ability to harness respiratory motor plasticity to improve breathing capacity could increase the quality and duration of life. In a rat ALS model (SOD1G93A) we previously demonstrated that spinal respiratory motor plasticity elicited by acute intermittent hypoxia is enhanced at disease end-stage, suggesting greater potential to preserve/restore breathing capacity. Here we demonstrate that enhanced intermittent hypoxia-induced phrenic motor plasticity results from amplification of normal cellular mechanisms versus addition/substitution of alternative mechanisms. Greater understanding of mechanisms underlying phrenic motor plasticity in ALS may guide development of new therapies to preserve and/or restore breathing in ALS patients.
Supporting Image Geolocation with Diagramming and Crowdsourcing

Geolocation, the process of identifying the precise location in the world where a photo or video was taken, is central to many types of investigative work, from debunking fake news posted on social media to locating terrorist training camps. Professional geolocation is often a manual, time-consuming process that involves searching large areas of satellite imagery for potential matches. In this paper, we explore how crowdsourcing can be used to support expert image geolocation. We adapt an expert diagramming technique to overcome spatial reasoning limitations of novice crowds, allowing them to support an expert’s search. In two experiments (n=1080), we found that diagrams work significantly better than ground-level photos and allow crowds to reduce a search area by half before any expert intervention. We also discuss hybrid approaches to complex image analysis combining crowds, experts, and computer vision.
Management of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children

Acute renal failure associated with a fulminant, life-threatening systemic disease is rare in previously healthy young children; however, when it occurs, the most common cause is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). In most cases (90%), this abrupt and devastating illness is a result of ingestion of food or drink contaminated with pathogens that produce very potent toxins. Currently, there are no proven treatment options that can directly inactivate the toxin or effectively interfere with the cascade of destructive events triggered by the toxin once it gains access to the bloodstream and binds its receptor. However, HUS is self-limited, and effective supportive management during the acute phase is proven to be a life saver for children affected by HUS. A minority of childhood HUS cases, approximately 5%, are caused by various genetic mutations causing uncontrolled activation of the complement system. These children, who used to have a poor prognosis leading to end-stage renal disease, now have access to exciting new treatment options that can preserve kidney function and avoid disease recurrences. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of childhood HUS, focusing on a practical approach to best management measures.
Understanding in situ ozone production in the summertime through radical observations and modelling studies during the Clean air for London project (ClearfLo)

Abstract. Measurements of OH, HO 2 , RO 2i (alkene and aromatic-related RO 2) and total RO 2 radicals taken during the ClearfLo campaign in central London in the summer of 2012 are presented. A photostationary steady-state calculation of OH which considered measured OH reactivity as the OH sink term and the measured OH sources (of which HO 2+ NO reaction and HONO photolysis dominated) compared well with the observed levels of OH. Comparison with calculations from a detailed box model utilising the Master Chemical Mechanism v3.2, however, highlighted a substantial discrepancy between radical observations under lower NO x conditions ([NO] < 1 ppbv), typically experienced during the afternoon hours, and indicated that the model was missing a significant peroxy radical sink; the model overpredicted HO 2 by up to a factor of 10 at these times. Known radical termination steps, such as HO 2 uptake on aerosols, were not sufficient to reconcile the model–measurement discrepancies alone, suggesting other missing termination processes. This missing sink was most evident when the air reaching the site had previously passed over central London to the east and when elevated temperatures were experienced and, hence, contained higher concentrations of VOCs. Uncertainties in the degradation mechanism at low NO x of complex biogenic and diesel related VOC species, which were particularly elevated and dominated OH reactivity under these easterly flows, may account for some of the model–measurement disagreement. Under higher [NO] (> 3 ppbv) the box model increasingly underpredicted total [RO 2 ]. The modelled and observed HO 2 were in agreement, however, under elevated NO concentrations ranging from 7 to 15 ppbv. The model uncertainty under low NO conditions leads to more ozone production predicted using modelled peroxy radical concentrations ( ∼ 3 ppbv h −1) versus ozone production from peroxy radicals measured ( ∼ 1 ppbv h −1) . Conversely, ozone production derived from the predicted peroxy radicals is up to an order of magnitude lower than from the observed peroxy radicals as [NO] increases beyond 7 ppbv due to the model underprediction of RO 2 under these conditions.
Novel gramicidin formulations in cationic lipid as broad-spectrum microbicidal agents

Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) is an antimicrobial lipid that can be dispersed as large closed bilayers (LV) or bilayer disks (BF). Gramicidin (Gr) is an antimicrobial peptide assembling as channels in membranes and increasing their permeability towards cations. In mammalian cells, DODAB and Gr have the drawbacks of Gram-positive resistance and high toxicity, respectively. In this study, DODAB bilayers incorporating Gr showed good antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. Techniques employed were spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy for sizing and evaluation of the surface potential at the shear plane, turbidimetric detection of dissipation of osmotic gradients in LV/Gr, determination of bacterial cell lysis, and counting of colony-forming units. There was quantitative incorporation of Gr and development of functional channels in LV. Gr increased the bilayer charge density in LV but did not affect the BF charge density, with localization of Gr at the BF borders. DODAB/Gr formulations substantially reduce Gr toxicity against eukaryotic cells and advantageously broaden the antimicrobial activity spectrum, effectively killing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with occurrence of cell lysis.
Influence of Embedded Optical Fibers on Interlaminar Shear Strength of Composite Laminates.

An optical fiber was embedded between two central laminates of the specimen, and the influence of the embedded optical fiber on interlaminar shear strength was investigated. First, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was measured by a short beam three point bending method. The Optical fiber was embedded parallel to the reinforced direction (specimen type A), or perpendicular to the reinforced direction (specimen type B). The result of interlaminar shear test showed that in the specimens of type A, there was no noticeable deterioration on ILSS. In the specimens of type B, as the distance between the loading point and the optical fiber increases, ILSS decreased slightly, and the position of fracture surface shifted toward the embedded optical fiber. Secondly, the distribution of the volume fraction of reinforced fibers along the thickness direction was measured by thresholding technique of image processing. In the specimen in which the optical fiber was embedded perpendicular to the reinforced direction, the volume fraction of fibers increased significantly near the embedded optical fiber. It was considered that this increase in volume fraction of fibers influenced the deterioration of ILSS. Thirdly, to discuss the shift of fracture surface, the stress distribution was analyzed by using finite element analysis. At the position of the specimen where the optical fiber was embedded, two shear stress peaks can be seen inside of the composite. This result shows that the embedded optical fiber changes the stress distribution around the optical fiber and causes the shift of fracture surface.