Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Power Tuning Anchors Localization Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Sensor Nodes

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of sensor nodes deployed to achieve some specific task. Localization of individual mobile node is a challenging task in wireless sensor networks. Localization system is not only for location identification but also provides the base for routing, density control, tracking, and a number of other communication network aspects. In real time applications of outdoor or indoor environments, there are significant challenges for node localization in WSN. Keeping in view the fact that many precise and smart solutions have been proposed, an approach for range free localization is Concentric Anchor Beacon (CAB), which comes with the requirement of improvement. In this paper, we have presented a novel solution “Power Tuning Anchors” (PTA) algorithm that outperforms in terms of accuracy. In PTA, mobile node localizes its position on the basis of minimum received power levels transmitted by the neighboring anchors. Localization error, anchor density, radio range and Gitter between two consecutive power levels are the performance metrics used for evaluation of PTA. Initial empirical results have shown better precision and more accuracy in terms of aforementioned performance parameter.
Extensive telomere erosion is consistent with localised clonal expansions in Barrett’s metaplasia

Barrett’s oesophagus is a premalignant metaplastic condition that predisposes patients to the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. However, only a minor fraction of Barrett’s oesophagus patients progress to adenocarcinoma and it is thus essential to determine bio-molecular markers that can predict the progression of this condition. Telomere dysfunction is considered to drive clonal evolution in several tumour types and telomere length analysis provides clinically relevant prognostic and predictive information. The aim of this work was to use high-resolution telomere analysis to examine telomere dynamics in Barrett’s oesophagus. Telomere length analysis of XpYp, 17p, 11q and 9p, chromosome arms that contain key cancer related genes that are known to be subjected to copy number changes in Barrett’s metaplasia, revealed similar profiles at each chromosome end, indicating that no one specific telomere is likely to suffer preferential telomere erosion. Analysis of patient matched tissues (233 samples from 32 patients) sampled from normal squamous oesophagus, Z-line, and 2 cm intervals within Barrett’s metaplasia, plus oesophago-gastric junction, gastric body and antrum, revealed extensive telomere erosion in Barrett’s metaplasia to within the length ranges at which telomere fusion is detected in other tumour types. Telomere erosion was not uniform, with distinct zones displaying more extensive erosion and more homogenous telomere length profiles. These data are consistent with an extensive proliferative history of cells within Barrett’s metaplasia and are indicative of localised clonal growth. The extent of telomere erosion highlights the potential of telomere dysfunction to drive genome instability and clonal evolution in Barrett’s metaplasia.
Frequency assignment for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks

— The IEEE 802.11 standard specifies both radio and MAC protocol design. We observe that its CSMA protocol helps avoid much of co-channel interference by sharing radio resources in time at the potential expense of degraded network performance. Due to the coupling between the physical and MAC layers, conventional frequency allocation methods for typical cellular networks cannot be applied directly to the 802.11 networks. In this paper, by focusing on interactions among access points, we formulate the channel assignment problem for the 802.11 network, considering the traffic load at the MAC layer, and prove that the problem is NP-complete. In light of computational complexity, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and analyzed. The algorithm is then applied to two cellular settings with known optimal assignments for verification. For one of the settings, the proposed technique generates the optimal channel assignment. As for the second case of a large network, although only a suboptimal solution is obtained by the algorithm, it is shown to be excellent. Thus, as the 802.11 networks are widely deployed, the proposed method can serve as a valuable tool for frequency planning of networks with non-uniform coverage and load.
Realization of silicon nanopillar arrays with controllable sidewall profiles by holography lithography and a novel single-step deep reactive ion etching

A simple and efficient approach for fabricating silicon nanopillar arrays with a high aspect ratio and controllable sidewall profiles has been developed by using holographic lithography and a novel single-step deep reactive ion etching. During the etching process, scalloping of the sidewalls can be avoided while reserving the high mask selectivity and high etching rate. Besides, the sidewall angle of resultant patterns can be adjusted by tuning the composition of the gas mixture of single-step DRIE process. We further fabricate a tapered silicon nanopillar array and observe its photonic bandgap property. We believe that the good optical performance of this tapered silicon nanopillar array realized by the proposed approach shows the promising of this process for various applications.
Stem Cell Heterogeneity of Mononucleated Cells from Murine Peripheral Blood: Molecular Analysis

The main purpose of this paper was to determine the heterogeneity of primary isolated mononucleated cells that originated from the peripheral blood system by observing molecular markers. The isolated cells were cultured in complete medium for 4 to 7 days prior to the separation of different cell types, that is, adherent and suspension. Following a total culture time of 14 days, adherent cells activated the Cd105 gene while suspension cells activated the Sca-1 gene. Both progenitor markers, Cbfa-1 and Ostf-1, were inactivated in both suspension and adherent cells after 14-day culture compared to cells cultured 3 days in designated differentiation medium. In conclusion, molecular analyses showed that primary mononucleated cells are heterogeneous, consisting of hematopoietic stem cells (suspension) and mesenchymal stem cells (adherent) while both cells contained no progenitor cells.
A Novel Antioxidant Gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Among the major antimicrobial products of macrophages are reactive intermediates of the oxidation of nitrogen (RNI) and the reduction of oxygen (ROI). Selection of recombinants in acidified nitrite led to the cloning of a novel gene, noxR1, from a pathogenic clinical isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Expression of noxR1 conferred upon Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis enhanced ability to resist RNI and ROI, whether the bacteria were exposed to exogenous compounds in medium or to endogenous products in macrophages. These studies provide the first identification of an RNI resistance mechanism in mycobacteria, point to a new mechanism for resistance to ROI, and raise the possibility that inhibition of the noxR1 pathway might enhance the ability of macrophages to control tuberculosis.
Experience and Practicality of Rubber Dam Use among Undergraduate Dental Students in Fiji

Background: Every dental school has the responsibility to teach its students the ideal techniques of isolation prior to the clinical procedure. Rubber dam is considered to be an essential tool for conservative dentistry; hence its preclinical training to dental students is of uttermost importance. Due to lack of previous study, this study aims to assess the experience of undergraduate dental students at Fiji National University (FNU) on use of rubber dam. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study whereby 48 self-administrated questionnaires were distributed among the third, fourth and fifth year dental students at FNU. All the students in that respective year were also observed for the time taken to place rubber dam using an observation checklist. The data was analyzed using the Epi-Info software. Results: A 100% response rate was obtained. Among the 48 participants, 30 were females and 18 were males. 75% of the participants stated moisture control as the major advantage of rubber dam use. Difficulty in placing rubber dams was a main disadvantage highlighted by 35% of the student while 27% stated that placing rubber dam took up extra clinical time. The mean time taken to place rubber dam was 6 minutes to the nearest minute on adult patients. Students preferred to use cotton rolls for isolation during Glass Ionomer Cement (79%) and Amalgam (65%) procedures. Majority of the students felt that the training and teaching sessions on rubber dam are sufficient. The major problems identified by students while placing rubber dam were lack of appropriate clamps, patient acceptance and compliance. Conclusion: The level of knowledge among undergraduate students on the advantages and disadvantages of rubber dam is high. There are various factors in practice and training that could be emphasized to encourage students on future use of rubber dam. Among the undergraduate dental students there was still a high possibility that they might not practice routine placement of rubber dam after graduation. There is scope for further study on the rubber dam practice of general dental practitioners.
Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for Training Artificial Neural Networks

Training neural networks is a complex task that is important for supervised learning. A few metaheuristic optimization techniques have been applied to increase the effectiveness of the training process. The Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is a recently developed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm which is suitable for solving optimization problems. In this paper, Cuckoo search is implemented in training a feed forward multilayer Perceptron network (MLP). We then evaluate the trained MLP"s accuracy by applying four benchmark classification problems. Furthermore, the results obtained are compared to those attained using another competing meta-heuristic which is the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Also, Guaranteed Convergence Particle Swarm Optimization (GCPSO) which is a PSO variant is implemented and its results are compared with CS and PSO. CS proved to be superior to PSO and GCPSO in all benchmark problems.
Determinants of Risky Sexual Behaviour among the Youths in Malawi

Generally men of reproductive age in Malawi continue to be vulnerable to new HIV and AIDS infection and re-infection due to risky sexual behavior including having sexual intercourse with multiple nonmarital non-cohabiting sexual partners and not using condoms with them. With a sample of 7478 men age 15-54 drawn from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) this study examines determinants of risky sexual practices among men in Malawi. The study considers risky sexual behavior as having multiple non-marital non-cohabiting sexual partners and not using condoms during sexual intercourse with these partners. This risky behavior can have serious health consequences and carries medium-to-long-term health and socioeconomic implications for the youth of Malawi. The study examines male youth age 15-24 and adults age 25-54 who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months preceding the 2015-16 MDHS by their marital status. Negative binomial and logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants associated with their risky sexual behavior. The study found that religion was a key factor associated with having an increased number of non-marital non-cohabiting sexual partners. Also attainment of formal education was a consistent predictor that significantly reduced men’s high-risk sexual behavior. Thus education serves as the most important tool to facilitate behavior change among men in Malawi. Based on the findings this study proposes redesigning and implementing extensive pro-men sexual and reproductive health educational campaigns to tackle key health and demographic topics aimed at changing men’s attitudes and behavior toward engaging in sexual intercourse with multiple non-marital non-cohabiting partners and toward consistent and correct condom use. Such education campaigns must cut across the social fabric of Malawi’s society including religious institutions.
Stringy Instantons and Cascading Quivers

D-brane instantons can perturb the quantum field theories on space-time filling D-branes by interesting operators. In some cases, these D-brane instantons are novel ``stringy'' effects (not interpretable directly as instanton effects in the low-energy quantum field theory), while in others the D-brane instantons can be directly interpreted as field theory effects. In this note, we describe a situation where both perspectives are available, by studying stringy instantons in quivers which arise at simple Calabi-Yau singularities. We show that a stringy instanton which wraps an unoccupied node of the quiver, and gives rise to a non-perturbative mass in the space-time field theory, can be reinterpreted as a conventional gauge theory effect by going up in an appropriate renormalization group cascade. Interestingly, in the cascade, the contribution of the stringy instanton does not come from gauge theory instantons but from strong coupling dynamics.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the endometrium: an unusual site for primary presentation

Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are fairly common adult haematolymphoid malignancies. Approximately 40% of such tumours may present in an extranodal site. These lymphomas are, however, infrequently identified in the female genital tract and even more rarely, identified in the endometrium. The histopathological features and molecular findings of endometrial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are discussed herein. A 36-year old female presented with per vaginal bleeding. She underwent an endometrial curettage, which demonstrated morphological and immunophenotypical features of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Amplification of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed B-cell clonality. Epstein–Barr encoding region (EBER) in-situ hybridisation was positive in tumour cells. Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) for the detection of BCL6 and MYC gene rearrangement as well as for the detection of the t(14;18) (q32;q21) translocation was performed, all of which yielded negative results. Unfortunately, the patient was lost to follow-up. Whilst diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is not a commonly identified tumour within the uterine cavity, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of endometrial neoplastic infiltrates so as not to misdiagnose this tumour. This facilitates rapid commencement of further management for the patient.
Modeling the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases in Different Scale-Free Networks with the Same Degree Distribution

The transmission dynamics of some infectious diseases is related to the contact structure between individuals in a network. We used five algorithms to generate contact networks with different topological structure but with the same scale-free degree distribution. We simulated the spread of acute and chronic infectious diseases on these networks, using SI (Susceptible - Infected) and SIS (Susceptible - Infected - Susceptible) epidemic models. In the simulations, our objective was to observe the effects of the topological structure of the networks on the dynamics and prevalence of the simulated diseases. We found that the dynamics of spread of an infectious disease on different networks with the same degree distribution may be considerably different.
Low-Complexity Robust MISO Downlink Precoder Design Under Imperfect CSI

We consider the design of the linear precoder for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink system with quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. The broad goal is to develop low-complexity techniques that mitigate the impact of the uncertainty in the transmitter's channel state information (CSI) by incorporating probabilistic models for the uncertainty into the design. The proposed techniques are developed for systems based on limited feedback, and they can be easily adapted to systems that acquire CSI using estimation on the uplink and channel reciprocity. We consider the conventional problem of minimizing the transmitted power under probability of outage constraints for a target signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), and the related problem of minimizing the outage probability under a transmitted power constraint. By approximating the outage constraint by a zero-outage region, employing a semidefinite relaxation, and applying an extension of the S-Lemma that is derived herein, these problems are converted into convex and quasi-convex problems, respectively. Insights into the structure of the solution of those problems are then used to generate an alternate design formulation that provides greater robustness in the presence of significant uncertainties and has a quasi-closed-form solution. As illustrated by simulations, the proposed alternate design provides significantly better performance than the conventional designs that do not incorporate uncertainty models, and better performance than existing robust designs in the presence of large uncertainties, and does so at a computational cost that is close to that of the conventional designs.
Effect of prednisone, aspirin, low molecular weight heparin and intravenous immunoglobulin on outcome of pregnancy in women with antiphospholipid syndrome

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of traditional treatment (prednisone and aspirin) and comprehensive treatment [prednisone, aspirin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and IVIg] on the pregnancy outcome, obstetric complications and fetal outcome in women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In the present trial, we observed and evaluated 129 women with APS. Eighty-seven patients received traditional treatment and 42 patients received comprehensive treatment. In the traditional treatment group and comprehensive treatment group, the live birth rate was 83.91 and 97.62% (P<0.05), respectively, and the obstetric morbidity was 22.99 and 7.14% (P<0.05), respectively. The neonatal weight in the comprehensive treatment group was increased compared with the traditional treatment group (P<0.05), however, no differences were found in gestational age at delivery or preterm labor. Comprehensive treatment improved the result of gestation and reduced obstetric complications, and is a more effective treatment for APS than the traditional method using prednisone and aspirin.
Flow Field Evolution of a Decaying Sunspot

We study the evolution of the flows and horizontal proper motions in and around a decaying follower sunspot based on time sequences of two-dimensional spectroscopic observations in the visible and white-light imaging data obtained over 6 days from 2005 June 7 to 12. During this time period the sunspot decayed gradually to a pore. The spectroscopic observations were obtained with the Fabry-Pérot-based Visible-Light Imaging Magnetograph (VIM) in conjunction with the high-order adaptive optics (AO) system operated at the 65 cm vacuum reflector of the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). We apply local correlation tracking (LCT) to the speckle-reconstructed time sequences of white-light images around 600 nm to infer horizontal proper motions, while the Doppler shifts of the scanned Fe I line at 630.15 nm are used to calculate line-of-sight (LOS) velocities with subarcsecond resolution. We find that the dividing line between radial inward and outward proper motions in the inner and outer penumbra, respectively, survives the decay phase. In particular the moat flow is still detectable after the penumbra disappeared. Based on our observations, three major processes removed flux from the sunspot: (1) fragmentation of the umbra, (2) flux cancelation of moving magnetic features (MMFs; of the same polarity as the sunspot) that encounter the leading opposite polarity network and plages areas, and (3) flux transport by MMFs (of the same polarity as the sunspot) to the surrounding network and plage regions that have the same polarity as the sunspot.
Estimating infectious diseases incidence: validity of capture–recapture analysis and truncated models for incomplete count data

SUMMARY Capture–recapture analysis has been used to evaluate infectious disease surveillance. Violation of the underlying assumptions can jeopardize the validity of the capture–recapture estimates and a tool is needed for cross-validation. We re-examined 19 datasets of log-linear model capture–recapture studies on infectious disease incidence using three truncated models for incomplete count data as alternative population estimators. The truncated models yield comparable estimates to independent log-linear capture–recapture models and to parsimonious log-linear models when the number of patients is limited, or the ratio between patients registered once and twice is between 0·5 and 1·5. Compared to saturated log-linear models the truncated models produce considerably lower and often more plausible estimates. We conclude that for estimating infectious disease incidence independent and parsimonious three-source log-linear capture–recapture models are preferable but truncated models can be used as a heuristic tool to identify possible failure in log-linear models, especially when saturated log-linear models are selected.
Regulation of Activator Protein-1 and NF-κB in CD8+ T Cells Exposed To Peripheral Self-Antigens1

The transcriptional events that control T cell tolerance to peripheral self Ags are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of AP-1- and NF-κB-mediated transcription during in vivo induction of tolerance to a self Ag expressed exclusively on hepatocytes. Naive CD8+Désiré (Des)+ T cells isolated from the Des TCR-transgenic mice that are specific for the H-2Kb class I Ag were transferred into Alb-Kb-transgenic mice that express the H-2Kb Ag on hepatocytes only. Tolerance develops in these mice. We found that the self-reactive CD8+Des+ T cells were transiently activated, then became unresponsive and were further deleted. In contrast to CD8+Des+ T cells activated in vivo with APCs, which express high AP-1 and high NF-κB transcriptional activity, the unresponsive CD8+Des+ T cells expressed no AP-1 and only weak NF-κB transcriptional activity. The differences in NF-κB transcriptional activity correlated with the generation of distinct NF-κB complexes. Indeed, in vivo primed T cells predominantly express p50/p50 and p65/p50 dimers, whereas these p50-containing complexes are barely detectable in tolerant T cells that express p65- and c-Rel-containing complexes. These observations suggest that fine regulation of NF-κB complex formation may determine T cell fate.
An MT System Recycled

This paper describes an attempt to recycle parts of the Czech-to-Russian machine translation system (MT) in the new Czech-to-English MT system. The paper describes the overall architecture of the new system and the details of the modules which have been added. A special attention is paid to the problem of named entity recognition and to the method of automatic acquisition of lexico-syntactic information for the bilingual dictionary of the system.
Optimal Design, Evaluation, and Analysis of AGV Transportation Systems Based on Various Transportation Demands

In this paper, two designs for optimal Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) transportation systems are presented. One is vertical and the other, horizontal. For these systems, the hybrid design methodology proposed here is used. Therefore, we describe how to model and formulate these transportation systems and derive the design parameters, that is, the optimal design solutions. We next evaluate these two transportation systems based on the various transportation requirements, that is, the demands from a port authority. For this purpose, we compare the systems based on the total costs in constructing them. Finally, the evaluation and analytical results are provided, and the most convenient system is presented based on the validity of each system for the given demand.