Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The burden of acting wise: sanctioned success and ambivalence about hard work at an elite school in the Netherlands

Sam and his classmates despise ‘nerds’: they say working hard in school makes a student unpopular, and that they purposefully do only the minimum to pass. Research suggests that such ‘oppositional’ attitudes are prevalent among working class students and/or ethnoracial minorities. Like most of his classmates, however, Sam is white, hails from a privileged background, and attends a selective school in the Netherlands. Deeply ambivalent about working hard and ‘acting wise’, Sam and the others constituting his adolescent society are thoroughly caught up in peer dynamics which sanction success and promote mediocrity. We link these anti-school peer dynamics to the institutional configuration of education in the Netherlands, characterized by rigid tracking at the end of primary school and non-selective universities: state structures and policies contribute to these privileged students’ rationale for ‘taking it easy’ and doing poorly in school.
Relationship between walking levels and perceptions of the local neighbourhood environment

Objective: To explore the relationship between frequency of walking trips, perceptions of the local environment and individual travel preferences in children. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Setting: Six primary schools in Birmingham, UK, range of socioeconomic classifications. Participants: 473 children aged 9–11 years (82% response rate), including 250 (52.9%) boys and 160 (33.8%) from ethnic minority populations. Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was level of walking (high or low) based on self-reported walking frequency in the past week. Secondary outcome measures included child perceptions of seven aspects of the local environment and individual travel preference. All outcomes were measured through questionnaires administered at school in the presence of a researcher. Results: 198 (41.9%) children were classified as high walkers and 275 (58.1%) as low walkers. After adjusting for confounding factors, high walkers were more likely to perceive heavy traffic surrounding their homes (odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 2.33), unsafe streets (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.80) and prefer healthier modes of travel (OR 1.67, 95% CI 2.56 to 1.08). High walkers were less likely to worry about strangers (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.02) and less likely to report no parks or sports grounds nearby (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.02). Children from ethnic minority groups walked significantly less than white children (mean number of walking trips 16.8 and 21.9, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: Certain environmental perceptions are related to walking levels in children. Awareness of these may help in the development of future interventions, and also enable healthcare professionals to encourage walking by providing case-specific and appropriate advice.
Resistance Training With Creatine Monohydrate Improves Upper-Body Strength in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Trial

Background. Persons with Parkinson disease (PD) exhibit decreased muscular fitness including decreased muscle mass, muscle strength, bioenergetic capabilities and increased fatigability. Objective. This purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of resistance training with and without creatine supplementation in patients with mild to moderate PD. Methods. Twenty patients with idiopathic PD were randomized to receive creatine monohydrate supplementation plus resistance training (CRE) or placebo (lactose monohydrate) plus resistance training (PLA), using a double-blind procedure. Creatine and placebo supplementation consisted of 20 g/d for the first 5 days and 5 g/d thereafter. Both groups participated in progressive resistance training (24 sessions, 2 times per week, 1 set of 8-12 repetitions, 9 exercises). Participants performed 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for chest press, leg extension, and biceps curl. Muscular endurance was evaluated for chest press and leg extension as the number of repetitions to failure using 60% of baseline 1-RM. Functional performance was evaluated as the time to perform 3 consecutive chair rises. Results. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) revealed significant Group × Time interactions for chest press strength and biceps curl strength, and post hoc testing revealed that the improvement was significantly greater for CRE. Chair rise performance significantly improved only for CRE (12%, P = .03). Both PLA and CRE significantly improved 1-RM for leg extension (PLA: 16%; CRE: 18%). Muscular endurance improved significantly for both groups. Conclusions. These findings demonstrate that creatine supplementation can enhance the benefits of resistance training in patients with PD.
Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Fosfomycin-Resistance Genes among Escherichia coli Isolates, France

FosA, a glutathione S-transferase that inactivates fosfomycin, has been reported as the cause of enzymatic resistance to fosfomycin. We show that multiple lineages of FosA-producing extended spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli have circulated in France since 2012, potentially reducing the efficacy of fosfomycin in treating infections with antimicrobial drug–resistant gram-negative bacilli.
Mexican-Origin Youth’s Risk Behavior From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: The Role of Familism Values

Engagement in risk behavior has implications for individuals’ academic achievement, health, and well-being, yet there is a paucity of developmental research on the role of culturally relevant strengths in individual and family differences in risk behavior involvement among ethnic minority youth. In this study, we used a longitudinal cohort-sequential design to chart intraindividual trajectories of risk behavior and test variation by gender and familism values in 492 youth from 12 to 22 years of age. Participants were older and younger siblings from 246 Mexican-origin families who reported on their risk behaviors in interviews spaced over 8 years. Multilevel cohort-sequential growth models revealed that youth reported an increase in risk behavior from 12 to 18 years of age, and then a decline to age 22. Male youth reported greater overall levels and a steeper increase in risk behavior from ages 12 to 18, compared to female youth. For familism values, on occasions when youth reported higher levels, they also reported lower levels of risk behavior (i.e., within-person effect). For sibling dyads characterized by higher average levels of familism values, youth reported lower average levels of risk behavior (i.e., between-family effect). Findings provide unique insights into risk behavior from adolescence to young adulthood among Mexican-origin youth.
A Scaffold for Efficiency in the Human Brain

The comprehensive relations between healthy adult human brain white matter (WM) microstructure and gray matter (GM) function, and their joint relations to cognitive performance, remain poorly understood. We investigated these associations in 27 younger and 28 older healthy adults by linking diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected during an n-back working memory task. We present a novel application of multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis that permitted the simultaneous modeling of relations between WM integrity values from all major WM tracts and patterns of condition-related BOLD signal across all GM regions. Our results indicate that greater microstructural integrity of the major WM tracts was negatively related to condition-related blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal in task-positive GM regions. This negative relationship suggests that better quality of structural connections allows for more efficient use of task-related GM processing resources. Individuals with more intact WM further showed greater BOLD signal increases in typical “task-negative” regions during fixation, and notably exhibited a balanced magnitude of BOLD response across task-positive and -negative states. Structure—function relations also predicted task performance, including accuracy and speed of responding. Finally, structure–function–behavior relations reflected individual differences over and above chronological age. Our findings provide evidence for the role of WM microstructure as a scaffold for the context-relevant utilization of GM regions.
A Drosophila Calcium Channel α1 Subunit Gene Maps to a Genetic Locus Associated with Behavioral and Visual Defects

We have cloned cDNAs that encode a complete open reading frame for a calcium channel α1 subunit from Drosophila melanogaster. The deduced 1851 amino acid protein belongs to the superfamily of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the sequence of this subunit is relatively distant from sodium channel α subunits and most similar to genes encoding the A, B, and E isoforms of calcium channel α1 subunits. To indicate its similarity to this subfamily of vertebrate isoforms, we name this protein Dmca1A, for Drosophila melanogaster calcium channel α1 subunit, type A. Northern blot analysis detected a single 10.5 kb transcript class that is regulated developmentally, with expression peaks in the first larval instar, midpupal, and late pupal stages. In late-stage embryos, Dmca1A is expressed preferentially in the nervous system. Variant transcripts are generated by alternative splicing. In addition, single nucleotide variations between cDNAs and genomic sequence are consistent with RNA editing. Dmca1A maps to a chromosomal region implicated in, and is the likely candidate for, the gene involved in the generation of behavioral, physiological, and lethal phenotypes of the cacophony, nightblind-A, and lethal(1)L13mutants.
How Symbolic Boundaries Shape the Experience of Social Exclusion

Symbolic boundaries, understood as the conceptual distinctions used to demarcate in-groups and out-groups, are fundamental to social inequality. While we know a great deal about how groups and individuals construct and contest symbolic boundaries along lines of class, race, ethnicity, religion, and nationality, less attention is given to (a) national belonging as a component of symbolic boundaries distinct from citizenship and (b) comparing how distinct symbolic boundaries shape individuals perceptions of, and reactions to, instances of stigmatization and discrimination. To examine these issues we compared two marginalized groups in Israel, Arab Palestinian citizens and Ethiopian Jewish immigrants. Analyzing 90 in-depth interviews, we find that exclusion based on boundaries of nationality engenders different ways of interpretating and responding to stigmatizing and discriminatory behavior, compared with exclusion based on racial and ethnic boundaries. While Ethiopians see everyday stigmatizing encounters as part of their temporary position as a recently immigrated group from a developing country, and react accordingly with attempts to prove their worth as individuals and ultimately assimilate, Palestinians view the line between them and the Jewish majority as relatively impermeable and attempts to fully integrate as mostly useless, viewing solidarity and education as a means to improve their group’s standing.
Periodic abducens nerve palsy in adults caused by neurovascular compression

Unilateral abducens nerve palsy with periodic recurrences is a well-recognised finding in children, but is rare in adults. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Vascular compression of the nerve is suspected but never demonstrated. We describe an adult patient with, altogether, 11 periods of unilateral right-sided abducens palsy and arterial contact at the root exit zone of the symptomatic side.
Contact networks structured by sex underpin sex‐specific epidemiology of infection

Abstract Contact networks are fundamental to the transmission of infection and host sex often affects the acquisition and progression of infection. However, the epidemiological impacts of sex‐related variation in animal contact networks have rarely been investigated. We test the hypothesis that sex‐biases in infection are related to variation in multilayer contact networks structured by sex in a population of European badgers Meles meles naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Our key results are that male‐male and between‐sex networks are structured at broader spatial scales than female‐female networks and that in male‐male and between‐sex contact networks, but not female‐female networks, there is a significant relationship between infection and contacts with individuals in other groups. These sex differences in social behaviour may underpin male‐biased acquisition of infection and may result in males being responsible for more between‐group transmission. This highlights the importance of sex‐related variation in host behaviour when managing animal diseases.
Molecular targeting and pharmacogenomics in the management of advanced bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the malignancies for which considerable information is available regarding molecular pathogenesis and genetic predictors of natural history, as well as response to treatment. Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9 appears to be essential to the genesis of superficial bladder cancer, and mutation of the p53 suppressor gene frequently is associated with progression to invasive and metastatic disease. Many oncogenes, gene products, and suppressor gene mutations, including those of Ras, Myc, p53, Rb, p16, p21, thrombospondin‐1, glutathione, and factors controlling expression and function of the epidermal growth factor receptor, have been shown to be involved in the biology of this disease. Retrospective studies have demonstrated that some of these factors have important roles as independent prognostic determinants or predictors of response to chemotherapy, and clinical trials have now been established to validate the utility of molecular prognostication in bladder cancer. Paradigms developed from the treatment of colorectal malignancy, in which the metabolism of cytotoxic agents is affected by genetic and racial factors, now are being applied to the management of bladder cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge in these evolving domains. Cancer 2003;97:2083–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Evaluate and understand customer lifetime duration: an example from telecom

Entretenir une relation de long terme avec ses clients et augmenter la valeur des clients restent les principaux objectifs du marketing relationnel et du service client. Cette etude implemente un modele probabiliste d’estimation de la duree de vie client et de la valeur actualisee des flux transactionnels dans un cadre de relation noncontractuelle. Celui-ci repose sur des donnees transactionnelles simples et discretes accessibles aux managers. Il identifie les facteurs demographiques et les facteurs lies a la relation cliententreprise qui ont une contribution significative dans la variance de la duree de vie moyenne de la relation avec le client et des valeurs actualisees des flux transactionnels associes. En dehors d’un contexte de recherche, un autre aspect differenciant de notre etude est qu’il repose sur des donnees transactionnelles discretes. Bien que de telles donnees transactionnelles se limitent a fournir des informations precises et exhaustives, elles ont ete intensivement utilisees car elles sont pratiques et repondent efficacement aux besoins de notre etude. Pouvoir evaluer et comprendre la duree de la relation avec le client sur la base des donnees transactionnelles simples et discretes a une valeur academique et manageriale. Les enjeux pour le management sont analyses et donnent quelques idees aux responsables marketing et aux dirigeants d’entreprises concernes par un contexte de relation client noncontractuelle, pour lequel il y a encore peu de recherche appliquee.
Towards Understanding Human-media Interaction: The Effect of Computer's- vs.Teacher's Presence and Voice on Young Users Behavioural InteractionDevelopment through a Digital-Playground

Problem: Despite the massive body of research on users' interaction, the literature still lacks investigating the effect of the computer's- vs. teacher's presence and voice on young user's interaction behavioral development during progression. Purpose: Exploring the effect of the computer's- vs. teacher's presence and voice on young user's interaction behavioral development during progression. Methods: Two types of interactional units (nonverbal vs. verbal encouragement cues) were applied and investigated by forty preschool young users. The participants were divided by their teachers between the two conditions equivalently. It was hypothesized that young users who acted alone with computer were more interacted with the environment than those who acted with their teacher. Findings: First, the hypothesis was confirmed with no significant differential effect of the gender on the task performance. Second, the injudicious use of encouragement cues hindered the participants’ interaction behavioral development. Third, the elicitation of the compulsory-Interaction, undesirable-interaction, inner-interaction, and spontaneous-Interaction were fully different in their mechanisms. Conclusions: The computer’s presence and voice promotes more young users' interaction than the effect of the teacher’s presence and voice where each single type of interaction has different mechanism and evaluation.
Visual inspection as a cervical cancer screening method in a primary health care setting in Africa

We evaluated the feasibility and performance of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) for cervical cancer screening in a primary health‐care setting in Kinshasa, Congo. Women (1,528) aged ≥30 years were screened independently by nurses and physicians by VIA and VILI and Pap cytology. Biopsy samples were obtained from women with abnormal colposcopies and from 290 randomly chosen women with normal colposcopy. Cytological and histological examinations were performed in Lyon and Montreal, respectively. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grades 1, 2 and 3 was 4.5, 1.3 and 4%, respectively. Using biopsy as the reference, the sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) for ≥CIN 2 for VIA‐nurse were 55.5% (95% CI: 34.7–76.2), 64.6% (95% CI: 62.0–67.1) and 96.8% (95% CI: 93.5–98.7), respectively. The corresponding values for VILI‐nurse were 44.0% (95% CI: 24.2–63.8), 74.6% (95% CI: 72.3–76.9) and 96.7% (95% CI: 93.7–98.6). The equivalent parameters for physicians were 71.1% (95% CI: 46.7–95.5), 71.3% (95% CI: 68.9–73.6) and 98.6% (95% CI: 96.0–99.7) for VIA and 68.3% (95% CI: 42.5–94.0), 76.2% (95% CI: 74.0–78.4) and 97.2% (95% CI: 95.3–98.5) for VILI. The sensitivity of cytology ranged between 31 and 72%, depending on the abnormality threshold used to define positivity, with a corresponding specificity range of 94–99% and a NPV range of 97–99%. Our results show that VIA and VILI performed by nurses and physicians are slightly more sensitive but less specific than Pap cytology across multiple combinations of test and lesion thresholds. Given their lower cost and easy deployment, visual inspection methods merit further assessment as cervical cancer screening methods for low‐resource countries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aging Is Associated with a Proapoptotic Endothelial Progenitor Cell Phenotype

The aim of this study was to determine if aging is associated with enhanced endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) sensitivity to apoptosis. Cells with phenotypic EPC characteristics were isolated from healthy, nonobese young (age 25 ± 1 years) and older (61 ± 1 years) men. Intracellular active caspase-3 concentrations in response to staurosporine stimulation were approximately 35% higher (p < 0.05) in EPCs from older (3.15 ± 0.29 pg/ml) compared with young (2.33 ± 0.24 pg/ml) men. Protein expression of Akt, p70 S6-kinase and Bcl-2 was markedly lower (approx. 35, 75 and 60%, respectively, all p < 0.05) in EPCs from older compared with young men, whereas there were no age-related differences in either 14-3-3Ε or Bax expression. Additionally, EPC telomerase activity was 57% lower (p < 0.05) in older (0.18 ± 0.11 AU) versus young (0.43 ± 0.11 AU) men. These results indicate that aging is associated with a proapoptotic EPC phenotype characterized by decreased expression of key antiapoptotic proteins associated with the PI-3-kinase signaling pathway and reduced telomerase activity. These age-related changes likely contribute, in part, to the diminished ability of EPCs to resist an apoptotic stimulus in older men. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis may contribute to the numerical and functional impairments observed in EPCs with aging.
An analysis of aphasic naming errors as an indicator of improved linguistic processing following phonomotor treatment.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of phonomotor treatment on the types of errors produced during a confrontation naming task for people with aphasia (PWA). METHOD Ten PWA received 60 hr of phonomotor treatment across 6 weeks. Confrontation naming abilities were measured before and after treatment, and responses were coded as correct or incorrect. Incorrect responses were coded for error type. Paired t tests comparing pre-, post- and 3 months posttreatment naming accuracy and error type were performed. RESULTS Group data showed that naming accuracy on trained items improved significantly immediately post treatment, and gains were maintained 3 months later. Naming accuracy on untrained items did not show significant improvement immediately post treatment or 3 months later. Results of error type analysis were not significant. However, a decrease in omission errors and an increase in mixed errors were noted immediately post treatment for naming of untrained items. CONCLUSION Results suggest that intensive phonomotor treatment improved lexical-retrieval abilities and may have triggered a shift in linguistic processing, as indicated by a decrease in omission errors on trained items and an increase in mixed errors on untrained items.
Forest Stand Size-Species Models Using Spatial Analyses of Remotely Sensed Data

Regression models to predict stand size classes (sawtimber and saplings) and categories of species (hardwood and softwood) from fractal dimensions (FD) and Moran’s I derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data were developed. Three study areas (Oakmulgee National Forest, Bankhead National Forest, and Talladega National Forest) were randomly selected and used to develop the prediction models, while one study area, Chattahoochee National Forest, was saved for validation. This study has shown that these spatial analytical indices (FD and Moran’s I) can distinguish between different forest trunk size classes and different categories of species (hardwood and softwood) using Landsat TM data. The results of this study also revealed that there is a linear relationship between each one of the spatial indices and the percentages of sawtimber–saplings size classes and hardwood–softwood categories of species. Given the high number of factors causing errors in the remotely sensed data as well as the Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) data sets and compared to other studies in the research literature, the sawtimber–saplings models and hardwood–softwood models were reasonable in terms of significance and the levels of explained variance for both spatial indices FD and Moran’s I. The mean absolute percentage errors associated with the stand size classes prediction models and categories of species prediction models that take topographical elevation into consideration ranged from 4.4% to 19.8% and from 12.1% to 18.9%, respectively, while the root mean square errors ranged from 10% to 14% and from 11% to 13%, respectively.