Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legal Gambling and Problem Gambling as Mechanisms of Social Domination? Some Considerations for Future Research

Sociological attention to gambling has been long-standing but sporadic and limited both methodologically and theoretically. This article argues that recent changes in attitudes and laws about gambling and new efforts to measure and remediate the psychosocial costs and effects of problem gambling have combined with contemporary forms of wealth redistribution and racial and class oppression to produce a new mechanism of social domination. This mechanism of social domination has several facets, the most prominent of which are a structural economic component and a symbolic construct component. The structural economic component—the transfer of wealth from the poor to the rich—has been facilitated, at least in part, by the symbolic construct component, by which we mean the disproportionate labeling of certain minorities as “problem gamblers. ” Although we present some data to support these arguments, a great deal more research is needed to improve understanding of the social structural and symbolic effects of the recent rapid spread of legal gambling.
Facework in Organizational Conflict: A Cross-Cultural Study Comparing Russians and Americans

The purpose of this study was to investigate facework during potential conflict situations at work across two national cultures. An online questionnaire was administered to 348 participants in Russia and the United States, in their respective languages, to measure reported facework strategies. Relational status had small statistically significant positive effect on accommodative facework and small statistically significant negative effect on assertive facework. Personal power distance had small statistically significant positive effects on integrative, accommodative and assertive facework used by Americans, but had no significant effect on facework used by Russians. Among individuals with low personal power distance, Russians used more integrative, less passive, and more assertive facework than Americans; among individuals with high personal power distance, Americans used more accommodative facework than Russians. The research proposes areas for further investigation of facework in the workplace and implications for professionals working with Americans and Russians in organizations.
Movee: Video Liveness Verification for Mobile Devices Using Built-In Motion Sensors

The ubiquitous and connected nature of camera-equipped mobile devices has greatly increased the value and importance of visual information they capture. Today, broadcasting videos from camera phones uploaded by unknown users is admissible on news networks, and banking customers expect to be able to deposit checks using mobile devices. In this paper, we introduce Movee, a system that addresses the fundamental question of whether the visual stream uploaded by a user has been captured live on a mobile device, and has not been tampered with by an adversary. Movee leverages the mobile device motion sensors and the intrinsic user movements during the shooting of the video. Movee exploits the observation that the movement of the scene recorded on the video stream should be related to the movement of the device simultaneously captured by the accelerometer. Contrary to existing algorithms, Movee has the unique strength of not depending on the audio track. We introduce novel attacks that focus on Movee's defenses, to fabricate acceleration data that mimics the motion observed in targeted videos. We use smartphones and wearable smart glasses to collect both genuine and attack data from 13 users. Our experiments show that Movee is able to efficiently detect human and automatically generated plagiarized videos: Movee's accuracy ranges between 68-93 percent on a smartphone, and between 76-91 percent on a Google Glass device.
Noise Performance of Magnetometers With Resonant Thin-Film Magnetoelectric Sensors

Sensors based on materials with a giant magnetoelectric (ME) effect may be used to measure biomagnetic fields at room temperature. It is necessary to know the noise behavior of the whole detection unit. The noise level of a thin-film ME sensor was measured at room temperature, and suitable types of low-noise amplifiers were investigated. Noise measurements were carried out at room temperature. Results show a sensitivity value of 5.4 pT/ √Hz at a resonance frequency of 330 Hz. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio was investigated in order to improve the sensitivity of the sensor.
Computational Model for Auditory Cortex : An Analogy to Visual Cortex

The neocortex, the locus of intelligence, is functionally diverse, but structurally uniform, which has drawn researchers into an odyssey to identify computational principles. However, computational cross-areal comparison has been lacking, primarily due to the incomparability of function. We propose a model-driven strategy using an analogy of the primary visual cortex (V1), the only area that is well understood. Through a top-down approach, this thesis demonstrates a computational model of the primary auditory cortex (A1), which has been difficult to interpret owing to its apparently disorganised characteristics. The analogous modelling enables us not only to model A1 but also to further understand the neocortex as a whole. To model A1 in an analogy with V1, we hypothesise that A1 and V1 share learning strategies, while adapting to different input statistics. Thus, before modelling A1, we simply compare statistics of natural images and natural sounds. In accordance with our hypothesis, three specific concepts of V1 are analogously discussed for A1: (1) the receptive field of simple cells, (2) topography, and (3) complex cells. We discuss effective use of the model-driven approach in neuroscience in an analogy to linguistics. Learning of sparse representations, which has come to the forefront of the machine learning literature, may prove to be a general strategy for understanding high-dimensional data in a world of amazing complexity and harmony.
Steady-state kalman filtering with an H∞ error bound

An estimator design problem is considered which involves both L<sub>2</sub> (least squares) and H<sub>∞</sub> (worst-case frequency-domain) aspects. Specifically, the goal of the problem is to minimize an L<sub>2</sub> state-estimation error criterion subject to a prespecified H<sub>∞</sub> constraint on the state-estimation error. The H<sub>∞</sub> estimation-error constraint is embedded within the optimization process by replacing the covariance Lyapunov equation by a Riccati equation whose solution leads to an upper bound on the L<sub>2</sub> state-estimation error. The principal result is a sufficient condition for characterizing fixed-order (i.e., full- and reduced-order) estimator with bounded L<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>∞</sub> estimation error. The sufficient condition involves a system of modified Riccati equations coupled by an oblique projection, i.e., idempotent matrix. When the H<sub>∞</sub> constraint is absent, the sufficient condition specializes to the L<sub>2</sub> state-estimation result given in [2]. The full version of this paper can be found in [10].
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Rape are Associated With Sexual Aggression

We examined the relationship between self-reported sexual aggression and implicit and explicit attitudes towards rape in a sample of 86 male heterosexual university students. Large, significant group differences were found between the most sexually aggressive participants and the nonaggressive participants, with the most sexually aggressive group showing less negative implicit and explicit attitudes towards rape (Cohen’s d = 0.76-1.20). Implicit and explicit attitudes provided complementary information such that together they were more strongly associated with sexual aggression than on their own. The current findings suggest that implicit and explicit attitudes towards rape are associated with sexual aggression. In addition to the broader set of cognitions that appear to be assessed by most self-report measures, the narrower construct of attitudes towards rape may be a fruitful avenue of further exploration for research, assessment, and treatment of sexual aggression.
Understanding digital inequality: comparing continued use behavioral models of the socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged

Digital inequality is one of the most critical issues in the knowledge economy. The private and public sectors have devoted tremendous resources to address such inequality, yet the results are inconclusive. Theoretically grounded empirical research is needed both to expand our understanding of digital inequality and to inform effective policy making and intervention. The context of our investigation is a city government project, known as the LaGrange Internet TV initiative, which allowed all city residents to access the Internet via their cable televisions at no additional cost. We examine the residents' post-implementation continued use intentions through a decomposed theory of planned behavior perspective, which is elaborated to include personal network exposure. Differences in the behavioral models between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged users who have direct usage experience are theorized and empirically tested. The results reveal distinct behavioral models and isolate the key factors that differentially impact the two groups. The advantaged group has a higher tendency to respond to personal network exposure. Enjoyment and confidence in using information and communication technologies, availability, and perceived behavioral control are more powerful in shaping continued ICT use intention for the disadvantaged. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Accuracy of Global Microirrigation Distribution Uniformity Estimates

Emitter pressures and flow rates were systematically and extensively sampled in one drip and one microspray field. The data distributions are presented. The accuracy of rapid (limited samples) evaluation pressure sampling procedures was found to be quite good if the pressure distribution was systematic, but erroneous if the pressure distribution throughout a field was random. A simple mathematical combination of two nonuniformity components (due to pressure differences, and other causes of flow variation) provided a better estimate of overall system distribution uniformity than more complex mathematics.
Decline in the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia among First Admissions to Scottish Mental Hospitals from 1969–78

Summary Annual age-standardised first admission rates from 1969–78 for Scottish mental hospitals were calculated for schizophrenia, paranoid states, reactive psychoses, all affective psychoses, mania, and depressive neuroses. Significant decreases were found in the diagnosis of schizophrenia (P <0.001) and, to a lesser extent, affective psychoses (P <0.01) and depressive neuroses (P <0.02). The incidence of paranoid states, reactive psychoses, and mania did not change significantly. Several factors possibly contributing to the decline in diagnoses of schizophrenia are discussed, but it is concluded that the figures probably reflect a genuine fall in incidence. The decline in the categories of affective disorder is likely to reflect trends towards increasing provision of community-based care.
Every light has its shadow: a longitudinal study of transformational leadership and leaders’ emotional exhaustion

This study investigated the effects of transformational and laissez-faire leadership on leaders’ own emotional exhaustion over time. Participants were 2,324 subordinates and 76 supervisors of a services company in Germany. Regression analysis revealed direct longitudinal health-hampering effects of transformational and laissez-faire leadership on leaders’ emotional exhaustion. Building on Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources theory (1989), our results showed that the longitudinal health-hampering effects of transformational leadership would be particularly pronounced for leaders with high levels of organization-based self-esteem. Our findings extend the research on potential dark sides of transformational and laissez-faire leadership as well as organization-based self-esteem by focusing on leader-centered outcomes.
Eye movements and morphological segmentation of compound words: There is a mouse in mousetrap

In two experiments, readers' eye movements were monitored as they read sentences containing compound words. In Experiment 1, the frequency of the first and second morpheme was manipulated in compound words of low whole word frequency. Experiment 2 compared pairs of low frequency compounds with high and low frequency first morphemes but identical second morphemes that were embedded in the same sentence frames. The results showed significant effects of the frequency of both morphemes on gaze duration and total fixation time on the compound words. Regression analyses revealed an influence of whole word frequency on the same measures. The results suggest that morphemic constituents of compound words are activated in the course of retrieving the representation of the whole compound word. The fact that the frequency effects were not confined to fixations on the morphemic constituents themselves implies that saccadic eye movements are implemented before morphemic retrieval has been completed. The results highlight the importance of developing more precise models of the perceptual processes underlying reading and how they interact with the processes involved in lexical retrieval and comprehension.
Evaluating traditional prognostic measures in patients undergoing hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND Therapeutic hypothermia is one of the few interventions that improve mortality and neurologic outcomes in patients who have experienced cardiac arrest. There is a lack of validated tools to predict survival in patients who have undergone hypothermia after cardiac arrest (HACA). METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent HACA at Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center (ASLMC) since the protocol was implemented in September 2008. Initial rhythm, whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed, lactate levels, duration of resuscitation, and APACHE II scores were compared for survivors and non-survivors, and a logit binary regression model was constructed. RESULTS A total of 143 patients were identified and had data abstracted. APACHE-II, duration of resuscitation, and initial rhythm were all strongly correlated with survival. Initial serum lactate levels were higher in non-survivors than survivors (p=0.005), though the trend of lactate change at next draw was not predictive. Quantitative TnI was not significantly different between arms. CONCLUSION Lactate levels show promise as a biomarker for survival in HACA patients resuscitation length, presence of PCI, and APACHE-II scores can provide good prognostic information, even in the early hours following a resuscitation event.
Coastal Habitats as Surrogates for Taxonomic, Functional and Trophic Structures of Benthic Faunal Communities

Due to human impact, there is extensive degradation and loss of marine habitats, which calls for measures that incorporate taxonomic as well as functional and trophic aspects of biodiversity. Since such data is less easily quantifiable in nature, the use of habitats as surrogates or proxies for biodiversity is on the rise in marine conservation and management. However, there is a critical gap in knowledge of whether pre-defined habitat units adequately represent the functional and trophic structure of communities. We also lack comparisons of different measures of community structure in terms of both between- (β) and within-habitat (α) variability when accounting for species densities. Thus, we evaluated a priori defined coastal habitats as surrogates for traditional taxonomic, functional and trophic zoobenthic community structure. We focused on four habitats (bare sand, canopy-forming algae, seagrass above- and belowground), all easily delineated in nature and defined through classification systems. We analyzed uni- and multivariate data on species and trait diversity as well as stable isotope ratios of benthic macrofauna. A good fit between habitat types and taxonomic and functional structure was found, although habitats were more similar functionally. This was attributed to within-habitat heterogeneity so when habitat divisions matched the taxonomic structure, only bare sand was functionally distinct. The pre-defined habitats did not meet the variability of trophic structure, which also proved to differentiate on a smaller spatial scale. The quantification of trophic structure using species density only identified an epi- and an infaunal unit. To summarize the results we present a conceptual model illustrating the match between pre-defined habitat types and the taxonomic, functional and trophic community structure. Our results show the importance of including functional and trophic aspects more comprehensively in marine management and spatial planning.
Enumeration and characterization of standard plate count bacteria in chlorinated and raw water supplies

Nearly 700 standard plate count (SPC) bacteria were isolated from drinking water and untreated surface water and identified according to a scheme developed to permit the rapid, simple classification of microorganisms to genus, species, or group. Actinomycetes and Aeromonas species were the two most common groups of SPC bacteria in chlorinated distribution water. Aeromonas spp. and Enterobacter agglomerans were the two most common groups of SPC bacteria in raw water. Identification of bacterial populations before and after contact with chlorine (1 to 2 mg/liter) for 1 h revealed that chlorination selected for gram-positive bacteria. Water that contained high densities of bacteria known to be antagonistic to coliforms had low coliform isolation rates. The membrane filtration technique for enumerating SPC bacteria recovered significantly higher numbers (P < 0.001) than the standard pour plate technique.
Aligning Users across Social Networks Using Network Embedding

In this paper, we adopt the representation learning approach to align users across multiple social networks where the social structures of the users are exploited. In particular, we propose to learn a network embedding with the followership/ followee-ship of each user explicitly modeled as input/output context vector representations so as to preserve the proximity of users with "similar" followers/followees in the embedded space. For the alignment, we add both known and potential anchor users across the networks to facilitate the transfer of context information across networks. We solve both the network embedding problem and the user alignment problem simultaneously under a unified optimization framework. The stochastic gradient descent and negative sampling algorithms are used to address scalability issues. Extensive experiments on real social network datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Format Differences and Salience Effects in the Social Problem-Solving Assessment of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Boys

Evaluated effects of differences in assessment formats on the abilities of aggressive and nonaggressive boys to generate alternative solutions to social problems. Twenty-one aggressive and 15 nonaggressive boys were randomly assigned to open-middle (spontaneous) or multiple-choice testing conditions. The aggressive boys who took the multiple-choice test produced significantly more verbal assertion, more help-seeking solutions, and fewer direct-action choices. The two groups still had significantly different patterns of verbal assertion and help-seeking solutions but no longer differed in rates of direct action. It appears that aggressive and nonaggressive boys' response patterns are differentially affected by the social-cognitive process of salience.
Virus Antibody Survey in Different European Populations Indicates Risk Association Between Coxsackievirus B1 and Type 1 Diabetes

Enteroviruses (EVs) have been connected to type 1 diabetes in various studies. The current study evaluates the association between specific EV subtypes and type 1 diabetes by measuring type-specific antibodies against the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs), which have been linked to diabetes in previous surveys. Altogether, 249 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 249 control children matched according to sampling time, sex, age, and country were recruited in Finland, Sweden, England, France, and Greece between 2001 and 2005 (mean age 9 years; 55% male). Antibodies against CVB1 were more frequent among diabetic children than among control children (odds ratio 1.7 [95% CI 1.0–2.9]), whereas other CVB types did not differ between the groups. CVB1-associated risk was not related to HLA genotype, age, or sex. Finnish children had a lower frequency of CVB antibodies than children in other countries. The results support previous studies that suggested an association between CVBs and type 1 diabetes, highlighting the possible role of CVB1 as a diabetogenic virus type.
An Overview of Incest with Suggestions for Occupational Therapy Treatment

Overall awareness and subsequent knowledge about incest is increasing. Patients who have in some way been involved in incest are emerging with more frequency in mcntal health settings. Therefore, professionals who deal with this issue need to be aware of the current views and research findings to provide adequate guidancc and intervention. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current literature on the subject of incest in terms of definition, incidence, family dynamics, effects and treatment. The unique role of occupational therapy in the treatment of incest is then explored. A case study is provided to enhance the dcscription of occupational therapy goals and treatment approaches.
Measurements and Numerical Simulations of Trapped Field in a Stack of HTS Tapes

Trapped field magnets are usually constructed on the base of bulk YBCO superconductors. However, recent achievements in the production of long-size coated conductors have opened the opportunity of using a tape stack for these applications. Better thermal conductivity, mechanical stability in high fields, and high critical current densities make such systems favorable. Moreover, the tape form of the conductor allows for organizing different spatial structures and optimizing device design. Trapped field was measured on the stack of high-temperature superconducting tapes in this work. An industrially stabilized (with copper shield) tape, which was produced by SuperOx company with GdBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor inside, was used in experiments. The stack was made of 12-mm-diameter disk-shaped tapes, and the height was 20 layers. Magnetization was carried out by an 8-T superconducting magnet on the temperature of 77 K. To calculate the trapped field of a stack, field dependence and angular field dependence of critical current were measured on these tapes. The finite-element method was used for numerical simulations. It is shown that taking into account the magnetic field orientation in different areas of the stack leads to better agreement with the experimental measured trapped field values.