Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dialogue for Development: An Exploration of Relations between Oil and Gas Companies, Communities, and the State

This introduction provides an overview of academic re- search and current practice relating to stakeholder dialogue around oil and gas development in the Russian North, Siberia and the Russian Far East. We discuss the two main strands of analysis in this special issue: (a) regulation and impact assessment; and (b) relationship- building in practice, with a particular focus on indigenous commu- nities. We argue that an effective regulatory framework, meaningful dialogue, and imaginative organization of stakeholder relations are required to minimize negative impacts and maximize benefits from oil and gas projects. Self-interest, mistrust, and a lack of collective agency frequently lead to ineffective planning and heightened ten- sions in relations. We identify lessons to be learned from partner- ships and initiatives already established in Sakhalin and Western Siberia, despite the lack of a stable legal framework to govern rela- tions. This issue focuses on the academic-practitioner interface, em- phasizing the importance of practical application of academic research and the value of non-academic contributions to academic debates.
Decrease in the Understanding of the Word "Big" in Preschool Children

MARATSOS, MICHAEL P. Decrease in the Understanding of the Word "Big" in Preschool Children. CILD DEVELOPMENT, 1973, 44, 747-752. Children 3-5 years old were shown pairs of stimuli in which the larger stimulus was either shorter than the smaller stimulus or of equal height and asked to judge which stimulus was the "big 1. " 3-year-old children answered with above-chance accuracy; most children over 4-5 seemed to define the word "big" as meaning tallness, though further experimentation showed that they did not have conceptual problems with bigness per se. The outcome was discussed in relation to recent findings in conceptual and semantic development.
Modified Mathematical Modelling of Love and its Behaviour Analysis

Love which is one of the emotional of mankind, has been studied in sociology and psychology as a matter of grate concern. In this paper we propose a modified romantic behaviors by using basic the love equation of Romeo and Juliet. We represent the behaviors using time series and phase portrait when we vary the parameter in the modified love equation. Also we analyze the behavior’s relation by using time series and phase portraits when external force applied as the third person between Romeo and Juliet
Energy metabolism as part of the anticonvulsant mechanism of the ketogenic diet

The efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) develops gradually over a period of 1–3 weeks, suggesting that adaptive changes in gene expression are involved in its anticonvulsant effects. Previously, microarrays were employed to define patterns of gene expression in the hippocampus of rats maintained on either a KD or a control diet for 3 weeks. The density of mitochondria in hippocampal tissue was assessed by electron microscopy. Levels of selected energy metabolites, enzyme activities, and the effect of low glucose on synaptic transmission were also investigated in hippocampal tissue taken from either KD‐ or control‐fed animals. We found a coordinated up‐regulation of transcripts encoding energy metabolism enzymes and a dramatic 46% increase in the density of mitochondria observed in neuronal processes. These changes were accompanied by an increased phosphocreatine (PCr):creatine (Cr) energy‐store ratio. Consistent with heightened energy reserves, hippocampal synaptic transmission in KD‐fed animals was maintained ∼50% longer compared to controls after exposure to a mild metabolic stressor. Taken together, several lines of evidence indicate that the KD enhances energy production in the brain. As a consequence, brain tissue appears to become more resistant to metabolic stress. It is proposed . that the observed KD‐induced enhancements in energy metabolism help to compensate for the metabolic deficits exhibited (interictally) within epileptic foci and transient failures of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic inhibition, which would otherwise favor the initiation and propagation of seizure activity.
Personal and Situational Factors Affecting Exercise Involvement: The Importance of Enjoyment

Abstract Interviews were conducted with continuing participants (n=51) and dropouts (n=60) from a male employee fitness program in order to investigate programmatic, personal, and social factors affecting involvement. It was found that a combination of items pertaining to reactions to the program, goals for initially joining the program, and social support for involvement in the program could effectively discriminate between the participant and dropout groups. Continuing participants scored higher than dropouts on the goals to develop recreational skills, to go out with friends, to satisfy curiosity, to release competitive drive and to develop social relationships. They also reported a greater increase in positive reactions to the program over their period of involvement in it than did the dropouts. Continuing participants rated the level of friendship within the exercise class higher and reported receiving more encouragement for involvement from their friends and work supervisor than did dropouts. Partic.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Student Behaviours: a study of NSW secondary teachers’ attitudes

There is a dearth of empirical information concerning teachers’ attitudes to secondary students’ behaviours. A questionnaire was used to survey 105 secondary school teachers from NSW about the perceived serious or disturbing nature of 50 student behaviours. The perception of the behaviours was scored on a five‐point Liken scale. Behaviours were ranked according to the results and compared with four previous studies. It was found that ‘aggressive’ behaviours were perceived as more serious than ‘passive’ behaviours and that the rankings of the NSW teachers agreed substantially with those in previous American studies. No significant differences were found between rankings of male and female teachers or between perceptions of behaviours when observed in boy or girl students. A factor analysis extracted six fairly distinct factors which could be related to dimensions in behaviour rating scales. It was concluded that professional development courses could target the behaviours loading significantly on Factor I,.
Holidays, birthdays, and postponement of cancer death.

CONTEXT Articles in the medical literature and lay press have supported a belief that individuals, including those dying of cancer, can temporarily postpone their death to survive a major holiday or other significant event, but results and effects have been variable. OBJECTIVE To determine whether, for the patient dying of cancer, a "death takes a holiday" effect showing a reduction in deaths in the week before a significant event was associated with Christmas, the US holiday of Thanksgiving, or the date of the individual's birthday. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS Analysis of death certificate data for all 1,269,474 persons dying in Ohio from 1989-2000, including 309,221 persons dying with cancer noted as the leading cause of death. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We measured the total number of cancer deaths in the 2 weeks centered on the event of interest and the proportion of these deaths that occurred in the week before the event to determine whether this proportion was significantly different from 0.5 by using an exact binomial test. RESULTS The proportion of persons dying of cancer in the week before Christmas, Thanksgiving, and the individual's birthday was not significantly different from the proportion dying in the week after the event (P = .52, .26, and .06, respectively). However, among black individuals there was an increase in cancer deaths in the week before Thanksgiving (P = .01), whereas women showed an increase in cancer deaths in the week before their birthday (P = .05). There was no statistically significant excess of deaths in the postevent week in any subgroup. CONCLUSION We found no evidence, in contrast to previous studies, that cancer patients are able to postpone their deaths to survive significant religious, social, or personal events.
Screening for Psychopathy Among Incarcerated Women: Psychometric Properties and Construct Validity of the Hare P-SCAN

In this study, we explored the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Hare P-SCAN, as scored by correctional officers for 115 women incarcerated in a maximum-security prison. Using correctional officers' ratings, we present psychometric properties of the P-SCAN and the interrater agreement obtained by paired correctional officers coding the same female inmate. We explored construct validity by examining the correspondence of P-SCAN scores with the Psychopathy Checklist –Revised (PCL-R), the Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders (SCID-II), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), prior criminal history, and institutional infractions. The P-SCAN demonstrated high internal consistency but moderate interrater reliability, a finding related at least in part to the limited training provided to the correctional officers in using the instrument. The P-SCAN did not correspond with psychopathy or psychopathy factor scores as measured by the PCL-R but did relate to other features, namely Cluster A psychopathology and security level. These two aspects of behavior may be of interest to prison officials but relate only indirectly to the psychopathy construct as defined by the Hare PCL-R.
Heterogeneity of Monosymptomatic Resting Tremor in a Prospective Study: Clinical Features, Electrophysiological Test, and Dopamine Transporter Positron Emission Tomography

Background: The relationship between monosymptomatic resting tremor (mRT) and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to assess the function of presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in patients with mRT by dopamine transporter positron emission tomography (DAT-PET) and to evaluate the utility of clinical features or electrophysiological studies in differential diagnosis. Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients with mRT were enrolled prospectively. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and electromyography were tested before DAT-PET. Striatal asymmetry index (SAI) was calculated, and a normal DAT-PET was defined as a SAI of <15%. Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficits (SWEDDs) were diagnosed in patients with a subsequent normal DAT-PET and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Twenty-eight mRT patients with a significant reduction in uptake of DAT binding in the striatum were diagnosed with PD, while the remained 5 with a normal DAT-PET scan were SWEDDs. As for UPRDS, the dressing and hygiene score, walking in motor experiences of daily living (Part II) and motor examination (Part III) were significant different between two groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Bilateral tremor was more frequent in the SWEDDs group (P < 0.05). The frequency of resting tremor and the amplitude of postural tremor tend to be higher in the SWEDDs group (P = 0.08 and P = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: mRT is heterogeneous in presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, which can be determined by DAT-PET brain imaging. Clinical and electrophysiological features may provide clues to distinguish PD from SWEDDs.
Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE Numerous observational epidemiological studies have evaluated associations between breastfeeding and the risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the existing results are inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Medical literature was searched in the Pubmed and Embase databases to identify all English-language relevant studies up to April 10, 2013. Reference lists were thereafter hand-searched for additional articles. Studies that reported relative risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were included. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. RESULTS We finally included 10 case-control studies in our meta-analysis, involving 1,618 childhood Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 8,181 controls. Overall, we did found a borderline significant association between breastfeeding and reduced risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma comparing ever breastfed children to never breastfed children (pooled OR =0.79; 95%CI, 0.58-1.08; P=0.13), with limited evidence for between-study heterogeneity (P =0.12, I2 = 35.70%). CONCLUSION There is limited evidence for an inverse association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma.
Long-term influences of childhood history and educational level on authoritarianism.

This study on authoritarianism is based on a survey of 900 respondents recruited originally to investigate the long-term effects of wartime evacuation on children from the County of Kent in England during World War II (Rusby, 2005). Following the psychoanalytic premise of Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford (1950) this sample was used to test whether this childhood experience of apparent rejection by parents might be associated with scores on the F-scale and its nine subscales measured 50 years later. Variables related to home upbringing and the life course were included in the univariate and structural modeling analyses. The main effect of evacuation found was an inverse relationship with authoritarianism for males with the number of billets occupied. Females who had experienced a strict home upbringing had significantly higher scores on certain subscales. The analyses found a highly significant inverse relationship between the F-scale mean, and all nine subscales, with level of education. This contribution of the subsyndromes to authoritarianism was confirmed by factor analysis. The implications of the results for the psychoanalytic premise of authoritarianism are discussed.
Audit Market Structure, Fees and Choice following the Andersen Break-up: Evidence from the UK

This paper presents evidence on audit market concentration and auditor fee levels in the UK market in the crucial period of structural change following the PricewaterhouseCoopers' (PwC) merger and encompassing Andersen's demise (1998-2003). Given the current interest in auditor choice, analysis is also undertaken at the individual audit firm level and by industry sector. There is evidence of significant upward pressure on audit fees since 2001 but only for smaller auditees. Audit fee income for top tier auditors (Big 5/4) did not change significantly while the number of auditees fell significantly, consistent with a move towards larger, less risky, clients. Andersen's demise markedly reduced the level of inequality among the top tier firms but PwC retained its position as a 'dominant firm'. On switching to the new auditor, former Andersen clients experienced audit fee rises broadly in line with inflation, with no evidence of fee premia or discounting. They also reported significantly lower NAS fees, consistent with audit firms and auditees responding to public concerns about perceptions of auditor independence. There is no general evidence of knowledge spillover effects or cross-subsidisation of the audit fee by NAS. The combined findings provide no evidence to indicate that recent structural changes have resulted in anticompetitive pricing; the key concern remains the lack of audit firm choice.
Proving Consent in Sexual Cases: Legislative Change and Cultural Evolution

In England and Wales, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 has redefined crimes of serious sexual assault and introduced evidential presumptions in relation to consent. At the same time, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 has made changes to the law of evidence that may affect sexual offence trials. Its provisions must be understood in conjunction with judicial attempts to interpret the ‘rape shield’ provided by s. 41 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999.
Effect of maternal height on gestational age and birth weight in nulliparous mothers of triplets with a normal pregravid body mass index.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of maternal height on gestational age and birth weight of triplets born to nulliparous women with a normal pregravid body mass index (BMI). STUDY DESIGN A 1988-2000 prospective cohort of 1,219 U.S. live-born triplets was evaluated. Patients were grouped into stature categories of 5-cm intervals. Mean values for BMI, height, maternal age, gestational age at birth, total triplet birth weight and frequencies of births at < 28 weeks and with very low birth weight were calculated for each height category. RESULTS Maternal heights were normally distributed (mean, 165.2 +/- 6.2 cm). We found a significant positive correlation (R2 = .95), different from a zero slope (P < .01), between mean total triplet birth weight and height category. Nulliparous women who were taller than 165 cm had age, BMI and gestational age characteristics similar to those of their shorter counterparts but delivered significantly heavier triplets and were at significantly lower risk of delivering very-low-birth-weight triplets. CONCLUSION Taller women are more likely to deliver heavier triplets and are at lower risk of delivering very-low-birth-weight triplets. This information should be included in counseling women with the potential of conceiving triplets.
Stavovi prema samohranom roditeljstvu

Promjene u strukturi obitelji nailaze na razlicite drustvene reakcije, a negativan stav drustva prema jednoroditeljskim obiteljima može generirati drustvenu ranjivost ove skupine. (Ne)razumijevanje okoline utjece ne samo na ponasanje drugih osoba prema samohranim roditeljima i njihovoj djeci, nego i na njihove stavove i osobni doživljaj samohranog roditeljstva. Kako bi se povecao uvid u doživljaj novih oblika obitelji u nasem drustvu, provedeno je istraživanje stavova roditelja razlicitog bracnog statusa i spola prema samohranom roditeljstvu, te je provjerena povezanost stavova prema samohranom roditeljstvu s ostalim sociodemografskim obilježjima roditelja. Uzorak je obuhvacao 384 roditelja iz dvoroditeljskih (301 žena i 83 muskaraca) i 376 iz jednoroditeljskih obitelji (325 žena i 51 muskarac) iz cetiri najveca grada u Hrvatskoj. Za potrebe istraživanja konstruirana je Skala stavova prema samohranom roditeljstvu cije se cestice odnose na pretpostavljene osobine samohranih roditelja i na pretpostavljene ucinke samohranog roditeljstva na razvoj djece. Rezultati su pokazali da pozitivnije stavove prema samohranom roditeljstvu imaju samohrani roditelji, žene, mlađi roditelji i roditelji boljeg materijalnog statusa. Drugi cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati razlike u percipiranom odnosu drustva prema razlicitim podskupinama jednoroditeljskih obitelji. Prema misljenju anketiranih roditelja, drustvo se ne odnosi prema svim samohranim roditeljima jednako, vec ih se diferencira s obzirom na nacin kako su to postali i spol. Dok je prema roditeljima udovcima i udovicama stav drustva pozitivan, u nepovoljnoj su situaciji rastavljeni i neoženjeni ocevi, a jos vise rastavljene i neudate majke. Najnepovoljniji s obzirom na percipirane stavove u drustvu je položaj majki izvanbracne djece. Rezultati ovog i drugih istraživanja upucuju na to da samohrani roditelji mogu naici na poteskoce u uspostavljanju svog kredibiliteta kao roditelja koje mogu izvirati iz negativnih stavova i stereotipa o njima. Ukoliko se to događa od strane davatelja socijalnih usluga, može se govoriti o psiholoskim preprekama ostvarivanju socijalnih prava na strani davatelja usluga.
Contact allergy to the preservative Kathon® CG

Of 976 patients routinely patch tested with Kathon® CG (Rohm & Haas), 300 ppm. 43 (4.4%) gave a positive reaction. Of 170 patients routinely tested with Kathon® CG 250 ppm, 10 (5.9%) gave a positive reaction. Out of 34 patients tested with serial dilution of Kathon® CG, 17 (50%) reacted to to 100 ppm, 8 to 30 ppm and 2 to 10 ppm. The concentration of 1000 ppm of Rathon® CG was irritant in some cases, but 300 ppm was not irritant.
The Economic Effect of Sentiment December

There has long been interest in the effect of chan ges in ‘animal spirits’. The paper uses a differences-in-differences approach to estimate the macroeconomic effect of sentiment, comparing periods of high and low sentiment, making use of cross-sectional differences. Sentiment is measured using the Baker-Wurgler (2006 ) sentiment index. We estimate the effect of sentiment on intertemporal tradeoffs. We obtain statistically precise estimates of the effect of sentiment. Low sentiment leads agents to discount future payoffs more heavily. The estimated effects are large (600 basis points). High sentime nt induces overinvestment for some firms; low sentiment induces underinvestment for other firms.
Fatores de risco, níveis de espiritualidade e uso de álcool em estudantes de dois cursos de enfermagem

Este e um estudo transversal e teve por objetivo analisar as relacoes entre fatores de risco, niveis de espiritualidade e uso de alcool em estudantes de dois cursos de enfermagem. A amostra foi composta por 313 estudantes. Foram utilizados: questionario de informacoes sociodemograficas, Teste de Identificacao do Uso do Alcool e Escala de Espiritualidade. Houve predominio de jovens do sexo feminino, solteiros e catolicos. O uso de alcool esteve presente em 83,4% da amostra e quase um terco o consumia em niveis problematicos. Os fatores de risco foram sexo masculino e baixa pontuacao nos niveis de espiritualidade. Estudos dessa natureza sao de grande valia quando da elaboracao de programas de prevencao ao uso de alcool, no âmbito universitario.
Effects of counselling techniques in rehabilitating emotional maladjustment problem among adolescents

This study investigated the effectiveness of Rational Emotive therapy (RET) and Systematic Desensitization (SD) in promoting emotional adjustment among adolescents in Edo state. Quasi Experimental design was used for the study. A total number of eighty four (84) students were randomly selected for the study and three (3)Senior secondary schools were involved in Edo state. The instrument used for the study was Emotional Adjustment Inventory (EAI) based on anxiety, stress and depression. T-test statistics was used to analyze the data and to guide the study three hypotheses were formulated. The result showed a significant difference in the level of depression, stress and anxiety as compared to their counterpart not treated. Based on the findings recommendations were given. Key words: Emotional adjustment, Adolescence, Depression, Stress, Anxiety, Counselling technique
Pupils’ perceptions of safety at school

The research reported in this article was carried out in four secondary schools, two with a peer support system (PS) and two without (NPS) and involved a total of 931 pupils, (49.5 per cent males, and 50.5 per cent females). Participants were aged between 11 and 15 years of age, mean age 12.8 years. The aim was to compare the perceptions of safety on the part of pupils in secondary schools with and without a system of peer support in place. The findings provided little evidence that the presence of a peer support system enhanced feelings of safety in the school population. On the positive side, PS pupils were slightly more aware of the value of having other people around as a means of enhancing feelings of safety. They were also less afraid of older pupils indicating that peer supporters may have influenced the attitudes of some older pupils towards younger peers and may have made them friendlier. However; for the PS pupils, toilets and corridors/stairs were less safe for them than for NPS pupils, largely because of the unpleasant actions of the peer group towards them. With specific regard to bullying, there was no difference between PS and NPS. Around one‐fifth of both PS and NPS pupils reported that the reason for feeling unsafe was because of bullying. The most common suggestions for making school a better place referred to action against bullying.