Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malimup: A Tasmanian Aboriginal Hoabinhian site in the southwest of Western Australia?

Abstract The Hoabinhian technocomplex of Southeast Asia is characterised by distinctive pebble edge tools which are also found in Australia, but only in the southeast, including Tasmania. Charlie Dortch in the early 1970s reported a unique site with Hoabinhian tools in southwest Australia at Malimup, Western Australia (WA), dated to the recent past. An analysis of the pebble edge tools from Malimup showed they were similar to those from eastern Australia, which in turn were similar to the Southeast Asian ones. While it is possible that local Aboriginal people may have made these tools, it seems unlikely, given that no other such site has been found anywhere in WA. In considering the possibility that the site represents the presence of Aboriginal people from elsewhere in Australia during the early historical period, the most likely candidates are suggested to be Aboriginal women from Tasmania. Such women are documented as having lived with European sealers along the south coast of WA, and the site at Malimup is in a location suitable for a sealing camp, and near where sealers are reputed to have been active. It is further speculated that these tools may have been used for processing ochre, an activity of traditional significance to Tasmanian Aboriginal women, perhaps helping them come to terms with an unfamiliar environment. Such a suggestion may help shed light on the role of pebble tools elsewhere in Australia and indeed Southeast Asia.
The Role of Remote Closure in the Perception of Occlusion at Junctions and Illusory Contours

Perceived occlusion at T-junctions or illusory contours at implicit T-junctions are often modelled by using edge information without surface context. We explored the effect of closure on perceived occlusion at T-junctions. Two vertical lines separated by a gap each had six abutting horizontal lines on opposite sides forming T-junctions. These lines were either closed or not closed into pairs at the stem ends of the Ts. In experiment 1, closed T-junction stems gave a much stronger sense of occlusion at the vertical lines than unclosed ones, even though closure information was remote from the putative occlusion and local T-junction information remained constant. When the outer two T-junctions were converted to L-junctions, perceived occlusion considerably diminished. The effect of closure on illusory-contour strength for stimuli like those of experiment 1 but with the vertical lines omitted was explored in experiment 2. The two sets of horizontal lines, separated by a gap, were either closed or not closed into pairs at their outer ends. Illusory-contour strength along the vertical alignments was much greater for closed pairs. Line terminations on both sides of the gap enhanced illusory-contour strength, but whether they were collinear or not had little effect.
The Trypanosomatid Signal Recognition Particle Consists of Two RNA Molecules, a 7SL RNA Homologue and a Novel tRNA-like Molecule*

Trypanosomatids are ancient eukaryotic parasites affecting humans and livestock. Here we report that the trypanosomatid signal recognition particle (SRP), unlike all other known SRPs in nature, contains, in addition to the 7SL RNA homologue, a short RNA molecule, termed sRNA-85. Using conventional chromatography, we discovered a small RNA molecule of 85 nucleotides co-migrating with theLeptomonas collosoma 7SL RNA. This RNA molecule was isolated, sequenced, and used to clone the corresponding gene. sRNA-85 was identified as a tRNA-like molecule that deviates from the canonical tRNA structure. The co-existence of these RNAs in a single complex was confirmed by affinity selection using an antisense oligonucleotide to sRNA-85. The two RNA molecules exist in a particle of ∼14 S that binds transiently to ribosomes. Mutations were introduced in sRNA-85 that disrupted its putative potential to interact with 7SL RNA by base pairing; such mutants were unable to bind to 7SL RNA and to ribosomes and were aberrantly distributed within the cell. We postulate that sRNA-85 may functionally replace the truncated Alu domain of 7SL RNA. The discovery of sRNA-85 raises the intriguing possibility that sRNA-85 functional homologues may exist in other lower eukaryotes and eubacteria that lack the Alu domain.
Splenic Stromal Cells from Aged Mice Produce Higher Levels of IL-6 Compared to Young Mice

Inflamm-aging indicates the chronic inflammatory state resulting from increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators such as IL-6 in the elderly. Our principle objective was to identify cell types that were affected with aging concerning IL-6 secretion in the murine model. We compared IL-6 production in spleen cells from both young and aged mice and isolated several types of cells from spleen and investigated IL-6 mRNA expression and protein production. IL-6 protein productions in cultured stromal cells from aged mice spleen were significantly high compared to young mice upon LPS stimulation. IL-6 mRNA expression level of freshly isolated stromal cells from aged mice was high compared to young mice. Furthermore, stromal cells of aged mice highly expressed IL-6 mRNA after LPS injection in vivo. These results suggest that stromal cells play a role in producing IL-6 in aged mice and imply that they contribute to the chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly.
Mental Strategies of Professional Actors.

The understanding and application of sport psychology principles have moved beyond sport to many other high performance domains. For example, Talbot-Honeck & Orlick, (1998) studied psychological performance enhancement strategies used by some of the world’s top classical musicians. An extensive review of the literature revealed that no research has explored the mental strategies used by professional stage and film actors. The purpose of this research was to begin to explore and better understand the mental strategies used by professional actors. Twelve professional actors from Canada and the United States were interviewed using a semi-structured open-ended interview guide. Inductive analysis revealed that these actors gained from seven key mental strategies: character preparation, focus while performing, pre-performance routines, imagery, confidence, optimal energy level, and performance evaluation. These elements of excellence are discussed using specific examples
Child—Adult Differences in Second-Language Phonological Learning: The Role of Cross-Language Similarity

This study evaluated whether age effects on second language (L2) speech learning derive from changes in how the native language (L1) and L2 sound systems interact. According to the “interaction hypothesis” (IH), the older the L2 learner, the less likely the learner is able to establish new vowel categories needed for accurate L2 vowel production and perception because, with age, L1 vowel categories become more likely to perceptually encompass neighboring L2 vowels. These IH predictions were evaluated in two experiments involving 64 native Korean- and English-speaking children and adults. Experiment 1 determined, as predicted, that the Korean children were less likely than the Korean adults to perceive L2 vowels as instances of a single L1 vowel category. Experiment 2 showed that the Korean children surpassed the Korean adults in production of certain vowels but equaled them in vowel perception. These findings, which partially support the IH, are discussed in relation to L2 speech learning.
English Vowel Discrimination and Assimilation by Chinese-Speaking Learners of English

The tense-lax vowel contrast, which is present in English but not in Mandarin, has been extensively studied in the interlanguage phonology for Chinese-speaking learners of English. Much research has been dedicated to this language production, but few studies focus on L2 learners' discriminatory and assimilatory patterns of English vowels. Experiment 1 of this study investigated Chinese-speaking learners' English vowel discrimination. Experiment 2 examined how these learners classified English vowels and assimilated them to Mandarin phonetic categories. The current findings, though supporting the Speech Learning Model (Flege 1995), were in disagreement with the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) (Best 1995). To draw on the facts from markedness effects, the researcher argues that the assimilatory patterns between L1-L2 segments in PAM may not fully account for the perception saliency hierarchy and suggests one tri-dimensional model for interpreting L2 vowel perception.
Orbitofrontal dysfunction in a monozygotic twin discordant for postpartum affective psychosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND Incomplete concordance for psychosis in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been interpreted as indicative of non-genetic cofactors in transmission of the illness. In this case study, we consider childbirth a landmark in the onset of psychotic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of puerperal psychosis and then to bipolar/schizoaffective disorder. At the end of the third trimester, there is a sudden drop in estrogen, which exerts prominent effects on the serotonergic system in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to investigate OFC activation during emotional processing in MZ twins discordant for affective psychosis. METHODS Blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging was measured during the passive viewing of emotional film excerpts. RESULTS Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant locus of activation was found in the left OFC in the normal MZ twin, but not in the psychosis MZ twin. CONCLUSIONS The personality changes noted in the psychosis MZ twin (postpartum psychosis) may be related to dysfunctional OFC. Ms J's childbirth may have triggered the onset of psychotic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of bipolar or schizoaffective disorder.
T cell suppressor factor from human glioblastoma cells is a 12.5‐kd protein closely related to transforming growth factor‐beta.

T cell suppressor factor produced by human glioblastoma cells inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro and more specifically interferes with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)‐dependent T cell growth. Here we report the purification of this factor from conditioned medium of the human glioblastoma cell line 308. Amino‐terminal sequence analysis of the 12.5‐kd protein demonstrates that eight out of the first 20 amino acids are identical to human transforming growth factor‐beta. Purified glioblastoma‐derived T cell suppressor factor and transforming growth factor‐beta from porcine platelets inhibit both IL‐2‐induced proliferation of ovalbumin‐specific T helper cells and lectin‐induced thymocyte proliferation with similar specific activities. If released by glioblastoma cells in vivo, the factor may contribute to impaired immunosurveillance and to the cellular immunodeficiency state detected in the patients.
Gaps in the Continuum of HIV Care: Long Pretreatment Waiting Time between HIV Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Leads to Poor Treatment Adherence and Outcomes

Background. Criteria for antiretroviral treatment (ART) were adjusted to enable early HIV treatment for people living HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in China in recent years. This study aims to determine how pretreatment waiting time after HIV confirmation affects subsequent adherence and outcomes over the course of treatment. Methods. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using treatment data from PLHIV in Yuxi, China, between January 2004 and December 2015. Results. Of 1,663 participants, 348 were delayed testers and mostly initiated treatment within 28 days. In comparison, 1,315 were nondelayed testers and the median pretreatment waiting time was 599 days, but it significantly declined over the study period. Pretreatment CD4 T-cell count drop (every 100 cells/mm3) contributed slowly in CD4 recovery after treatment initiation (8% less, P < 0.01) and increased the risk of poor treatment adherence by 15% (ARR = 1.15, 1.08–1.25). Every 100 days of extensive pretreatment waiting time increased rates of loss to follow-up by 20% (ARR = 1.20, 1.07–1.29) and mortality rate by 11% (ARR = 1.11, 1.06–1.21), based on multivariable Cox regression. Conclusion. Long pretreatment waiting time in PLHIV can lead to higher risk of poor treatment adherence and HIV-related mortality. Current treatment guidelines should be updated to provide ART promptly.
A survey on personality of motor cycle riders involved in accidents

هدیکچ و هقباس فده : مهم زا یکی نآ هب طوبرم تلاکشم و کیفارت نص عماوج لئاسم نیرت زا تسا یتع 9200000 هثداح ،حرج هب رجنم 2000000 ره يازا هب و یکیفارت ثداوح هب طوبرم نآ دروم 10000 ،هیلقن هلیسو 32 زا یشان گرم دروم ناریا رد تافداصت ) 1379 ( یم عوقو هب ددنویپ . دزی رهش رد ) 1379 ( 9 / 5 گرم دصرد لاس رد و اه 1382 دودح 1 / 12 دصرد گرم ثداوح زا یشان اه تسا ناراوس تلکیسروتوم هب طوبرم تافداصت نیا زا یمظعا شخب هک هدوب یکیفارت . نیا رد یم رارق یسررب دروم اهنآ یتیصخش پیت و ناراوسروتوم تافداصت نیب هطبار قیقحت دریگ . شور و داوم اه : یعطقم یفیصوت عون زا هعلاطم ) 1383 ( هنومن دادعت و 305 دزی رهش هدید هثداح راوسروتوم دندوب . هصخشم ،یتمسق ود همانشسرپ قیرط زا و ناراوسروتوم هب میقتسم هعجارم اب تاعلاطا یتیصخش تست و کیفارگومد ياه عمج دش يروآ . هنومن يرتنلاک تسیل زا یفداصت تروص هب یسررب دروم ياه دیدرگ باختنا ناتسرهش ياه هتفای اه : شیب هک داد ناشن جیاتن میاان ياهراتفر دروم نیرت ینس هورگ رد ن 24 13 و نایوجشناد و نیلصحم رد ،لاس تعاسرد 12 7 دوب حبص . 74 یتیصخش پیت ياراد هدید هثداح ناراوسروتوم دصرد A و 26 یتیصخش پیت ياراد دصرد
Urinary albumin excretion is independently associated with carotid and femoral artery atherosclerosis in the general population.

AIMS In diabetic patients, increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE), termed microalbuminuria when in the range between 30 and 300 mg/dL per day, is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and its complications. Whether or not this notion applies to the general population is a matter of ongoing controversy because none of the few previous investigations among non-diabetics strictly represent the general community. METHODS AND RESULTS Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), a measure of UAE, was assessed from overnight spot urine samples in a population-based cohort of 684 individuals. The ratio was significantly related to age, gender, blood pressure, diabetes, markers of systemic inflammation, liver enzymes, and parathyroid hormone levels (P<0.001 each). Moreover, uACR emerged as a highly significant risk predictor of carotid and femoral artery atherosclerosis in the general community and the non-diabetic subpopulation alike (age/sex-adjusted P<0.001 each). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, odds ratios (95% CI) of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis amounted to 1.28 (1.01-1.61) and 1.44 (1.15-1.81) for a one unit increase in log(e)-transformed uACR (P=0.040 and 0.002). Corresponding odds ratios in non-diabetic subjects were 1.41 (1.09-1.84) and 1.54 (1.19-1.99) (P=0.010 and 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analyses yielded significant, or near significant, relations with carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis scores (P=0.058-0.001). CONCLUSION The uACR is significantly and independently associated with the presence and severity of atherosclerosis in the general population. The relation obtained was of a dose-response type and extended to levels far below what is termed microalbuminuria. The novel aspects of our study are its focus on various vascular territories and representivity of the general healthy population.
DERIVATIVE PRICING MODEL AND TIME-SERIES APPROACHES TO HEDGING: A COMPARISON

This research compares derivative pricing model and statistical time‐series approaches to hedging. The finance literature stresses the former approach, while the applied economics literature has focused on the latter. We compare the out‐of‐sample hedging effectiveness of the two approaches when hedging commodity price risk using futures contracts. For various methods of parameter estimation and inference, we find that the derivative pricing models cannot out‐perform a vector error‐correction model with a GARCH error structure. The derivative pricing models' unpalatable assumption of deterministically evolving futures volatility seems to impede their hedging effectiveness, even when potentially foresighted optionimplied volatility term structures are employed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:613–641, 2005
HCV NS 3 Ag : a reliable and clinically useful predictor of antiviral outcomes in genotype 1 b hepatitis C virus-infected patients

Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 3 (NS3) protease inhibitor (PI) combined with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PR) has been approved for chronic HCV genotype (GT) 1b infection, a reliable and clinically useful predictor combining with serum HCV RNA to predict early virologic response, breakthrough, and relapse is important during HCVantiviral treatment. We evaluated the role of HCV NS3 antigen (HCV NS3Ag) on the prediction of virologic response in patients with HCV GT1b during PR or PR/ simeprevir (triple) therapy. Three hundred patients were recruited, and HCVRNA and HCVNS3Ag were tested at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72. NS3Ag and HCV RNAwere significantly related (r = 0.67) in the whole patient selection. The kinetic pattern of HCV RNA and HCV NS3Ag during triple treatment was similar. HCV NS3Ag levels in the triple group closely followed those of HCV RNA; the r values were 0.756 (baseline), 0.837 (2 weeks), 0.989 (4 weeks), and 0.993 (12 weeks), respectively. For patients treated with PR, the positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs) for viral response were 96.31 % and 67.19 %, respectively, at week 4 by using the decrease of NS3Ag (dHCV NS3Ag) combined with HCV RNA. At week 12, the PPV was similar at 94.16 %, while the NPV reached 87.26 %. The PPV and NPV for the prediction of relapse and breakthrough were 90.6 % and 76.7 %, respectively. HCV NS3Ag is a valuable marker and could be a supplementary predictor of HCV RNA for the prediction of antiviral response, breakthrough, or relapse during HCV antiviral treatment.
Characterization and comparison of toxin‐producing isolates of Dinophysis acuminata from New England and Canada

Following the identification of the first toxic isolate of Dinophysis acuminata from the northwestern Atlantic, we conducted detailed investigations into the morphology, phylogeny, physiology, and toxigenicity of three isolates from three sites within the northeastern U.S./Canada region: Eel Pond and Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and the Bay of Fundy. Another isolate, collected from the Gulf of Mexico, was grown under the same light, temperature, and prey conditions for comparison. Despite observed phenotypic heterogeneity, morphometrics and molecular evidence classified the three northwestern Atlantic isolates as D. acuminata Claparède & Lachmann, whereas the isolate from the Gulf of Mexico was morphologically identified as D. cf. ovum. Physiological and toxin analyses supported these classifications, with the three northwestern Atlantic isolates being more similar to each other with respect to growth rate, toxin profile, and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin content (okadaic acid + dinophysistoxin 1/cell) than they were to the isolate from the Gulf of Mexico, which had toxin profiles similar to those published for D. cf. ovum F. Schütt. The DSP toxin content, 0.01–1.8 pg okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxin (DTX1) per cell, of the three northwestern Atlantic isolates was low relative to other D. acuminata strains from elsewhere in the world, consistent with the relative scarcity of shellfish harvesting closures due to DSP toxins in the northeastern U.S. and Canada. If this pattern is repeated with the analyses of more geographically and temporally dispersed isolates from the region, it would appear that the risk of significant DSP toxin outbreaks in the northwestern Atlantic is low to moderate. Finally, the morphological, physiological, and toxicological variability within D. acuminata may reflect spatial (and/or temporal) population structure, and suggests that sub‐specific resolution may be helpful in characterizing bloom dynamics and predicting toxicity.
VITRECTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING FOR EACH STAGE OF MYOPIC TRACTION MACULOPATHY

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of vitrectomy on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative complications in highly myopic eyes with myopic traction maculopathy. Methods: The medical records of 71 eyes of 64 patients with myopic traction maculopathy and high myopia (⩽−8.0 diopters and axial length, ≥26.0 mm) were reviewed. Twenty-six eyes had only macular retinoschisis, 30 eyes had foveal detachment, and 15 eyes had macular hole. The BCVA and complications were studied in eyes that underwent vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Results: The postoperative BCVA at the final visit significantly improved in the macular retinoschisis and the foveal detachment groups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.010, respectively) but not in the macular hole group (P = 0.069). The BCVA in the macular retinoschisis group and the foveal detachment group with ILM peeling significantly improved at the final visit (P = 0.003 and P = 0.010, respectively). The BCVA at the final visit significantly correlated with age (P = 0.026) and ILM peeling (P = 0.034). A recurrence of tractional macular detachment developed more frequently in eyes without ILM peeling (P = 0.018). Conclusion: These results indicate that vitrectomy with ILM peeling can lead to improvement in vision in patients with macular retinoschisis or foveal detachment with visual impairments.
“If I didn’t have anybody, what would I have done?”: Experiences of older adults and their discharge home after lower limb orthopaedic surgery.

OBJECTIVE To explore the perceptions of being discharged home following lower limb orthopaedic surgery in older adults. METHODS Qualitative interviews with 11 patients over the age of 65 years were conducted between 6 and 12 weeks afterdischarge home and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). RESULTS Three themes were identified from analysis of the participants’ experiences of rehabilitation during the 6–12 weeks following discharge: (i) lack of a shared decision on when to go home; (ii) dependent on family to go home and to feel confident there; and (iii) trial and error rehabilitation.A further theme: a paternalistic medical model was also identified in participants’ experiences of contact with health professionals. CONCLUSION Participants had positive experiences of being discharged home from hospital. However, few participants played an active role in their discharge, all required the support of family to go home, and many were left unsure of how and when to return to usual activities. A paternalistic medical model was apparent. Family support, not without costs,was integral to discharge and rehabilitation at home.