Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homoclinic Bifurcations

1. Introduction. We say that a one-parameter family of diffeomorphisms ip^: M — • M, p G R, has a homoclinic bifurcation, or a homoclinic tangency, for p = 0 if ipo has an orbit of nontransverse intersection of a stable and an unstable manifold, both of the same hyperbolic fixed point (or periodic point), which splits, for p > 0, into two orbits of transverse intersection of these stable and unstable manifolds. Definitions will be recalled in § §2 and 3. These orbits of intersection of stable and unstable manifolds of the same hy-perbolic fixed points, or homoclinic orbits, often imply or are implied by complex dynamic behavior. So one may expect that at or near homoclinic bifurcations one will have transitions from simple to complex dynamic behavior and also (discontinuous) transitions between different kinds of complex dynamics. These transitions form the subject of this paper. This is a survey of recent work which was carried out mainly in collaboration with J. Palis and which is a continuation of the earlier work of S. Newhouse and J. Palis.
Deep neural network based feature representation for weather forecasting

This paper concentrated on a new application of Deep Neural Network (DNN) approach. The DNN, also widely known as Deep Learning(DL), has been the most popular topic in research community recently. Through the DNN, the original data set can be represented in a new feature space with machine learning algorithms, and intelligence models may have the chance to obtain a better performance in the “learned” feature space. Scientists have achieved encouraging results by employing DNN in some research fields, including Computer Vision, Speech Recognition, Natural Linguistic Programming and Bioinformation Processing. However, as an approach mainly functioned for learning features, DNN is reasonably believed to be a more universal approach: it may have the potential in other data domains and provide better feature spaces for other type of problems. In this paper, we present some initial investigations on applying DNN to deal with the time series problem in meteorology field. In our research, we apply DNN to process the massive weather data involving millions of atmosphere records provided by The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO)1. The obtained features are employed to predict the weather change in the next 24 hours. The results show that the DNN is able to provide a better feature space for weather data sets, and DNN is also a potential tool for the feature fusion of time series problems.
WIDIT in TREC 2006 Blog Track

Web Information Discovery Integrated Tool (WIDIT) Laboratory at the Indiana University School of Library and Information Science participated in the Blog track’s opinion task in TREC2006. The goal of opinion task is to "uncover the public sentiment towards a given entity/target", which involves not only retrieving topically relevant blogs but also identifying those that contain opinions about the target. To further complicate the matter, the blog test collection contains considerable amount of noise, such as blogs with non-English content and non-blog content (e.g., advertisement, navigational text), which may misdirect retrieval systems. Based on our hypothesis that noise reduction (e.g., exclusion of non-English blogs, navigational text) will improve both on-topic and opinion retrieval performances, we explored various noise reduction approaches that can effectively eliminate the noise in blog data without inadvertently excluding valid content. After creating two separate indexes (with and without noise) to assess the noise reduction effect, we tackled the opinion blog retrieval task by breaking it down to two sequential subtasks: on-topic retrieval followed by opinion classification. Our opinion retrieval approach was to first apply traditional IR methods to retrieve on-topic blogs, and then boost the ranks of opinionated blogs based on opinion scores generated by opinion assessment methods. Our opinion module consists of Opinion Term Module, which identify opinions based on the frequency of opinion terms (i.e., terms that only occur frequently in opinion blogs), Rare Term Module, which uses uncommon/rare terms (e.g., “sooo good”) for opinion classification, IU Module, which uses IU (I and you) collocations, and Adjective-Verb Module, which uses computational linguistics’ distribution similarity approach to learn the subjective language from training data.
Voluntary Information Disclosure and Corporate Governance: The Empirical Evidence on Earnings Forecasts

This study investigates the determinants of companies' voluntary information disclosure. Employing a large and unique dataset on the companies' own earnings forecasts and their frequencies, we conducted an empirical analysis of the effects of a firm's ownership, board, and capital structures on information disclosure. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the custom of cross-holding among companies strengthens entrenchment by managers. We also find that bank directors force managers to disclose information more frequently. In addition, our results show the borrowing ratio is positively associated with information frequency, suggesting that the manager is likely to reveal more when his or her firm borrows money from financial institutions. However, additional borrowings beyond the minimum level of effective borrowings decrease the management's disclosing incentive.
The neurovascular relation in oxygen-induced retinopathy

Purpose Longitudinal studies in rat models of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have demonstrated that abnormalities of retinal vasculature and function change hand-in-hand. In the developing retina, vascular and neural structures are under cooperative molecular control. In this study of rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models of ROP, mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), semaphorin (Sema), and their neuropilin receptor (NRP) were examined during the course of retinopathy to evaluate their roles in the observed neurovascular congruency. Methods Oxygen exposures designed to induce retinopathy were delivered to Sprague-Dawley rat pups (n=36) from postnatal day (P) 0 to P14 or from P7 to P14. Room-air-reared controls (n=18) were also studied. Sensitivities of the rod photoreceptors (Srod) and the postreceptor cells (Sm) were derived from electroretinographic (ERG) records. Arteriolar tortuosity, TA, was derived from digital fundus images using Retinal Image multi-Scale Analysis (RISA) image analysis software. mRNA expression of VEGF164, semaphorin IIIA (Sema3A), and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) was evaluated by RT–PCR of retinal extracts. Tests were performed at P15–P16, P18–P19, and P25–P26. Relations among ERG, RISA, and PCR parameters were evaluated using linear regression on log transformed data. Results Sm was low and TA was high at young ages, then both resolved by P25–P26. VEGF164 and Sema3A mRNA expression were also elevated early and decreased with age. Low Sm was significantly associated with high VEGF164 and Sema3A expression. Low Srod was also significantly associated with high VEGF164. Srod and Sm were both correlated with TA. NRP-1 expression was little affected by OIR. Conclusions The postreceptor retina appears to mediate the vascular abnormalities that characterize OIR. Because of the relationships revealed by these data, early treatment that targets the neural retina may mitigate the effects of ROP.
Preservation of Genes Involved in Sterol Metabolism in Cholesterol Auxotrophs: Facts and Hypotheses

Background It is known that primary sequences of enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis are well conserved in organisms that produce sterols de novo. However, we provide evidence for a preservation of the corresponding genes in two animals unable to synthesize cholesterol (auxotrophs): Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Principal Findings We have been able to detect bona fide orthologs of several ERG genes in both organisms using a series of complementary approaches. We have detected strong sequence divergence between the orthologs of the nematode and of the fruitfly; they are also very divergent with respect to the orthologs in organisms able to synthesize sterols de novo (prototrophs). Interestingly, the orthologs in both the nematode and the fruitfly are still under selective pressure. It is possible that these genes, which are not involved in cholesterol synthesis anymore, have been recruited to perform different new functions. We propose a more parsimonious way to explain their accelerated evolution and subsequent stabilization. The products of ERG genes in prototrophs might be involved in several biological roles, in addition to sterol synthesis. In the case of the nematode and the fruitfly, the relevant genes would have lost their ancestral function in cholesterogenesis but would have retained the other function(s), which keep them under pressure. Conclusions By exploiting microarray data we have noticed a strong expressional correlation between the orthologs of ERG24 and ERG25 in D. melanogaster and genes encoding factors involved in intracellular protein trafficking and folding and with Start1 involved in ecdysteroid synthesis. These potential functional connections are worth being explored not only in Drosophila, but also in Caenorhabditis as well as in sterol prototrophs.
Fluconazole plus amphotericin B combinations are not contraindicated and may add benefit for the treatment of candidemia.

Invasive fungal infections must rank very high on the scale of clinical frustrations. They impede the recovery of many seriously ill patients who have otherwise benefited from cutting-edge medical and surgical techniques. They are often difficult to diagnose with certainty, and mortality rates remain higher than ideal despite a steadily expanding armory of broad-spectrum antifungal agents. In addition to the existing triazole antifungals (fluconazole and itraconazole) and amphotericin B (AmB), newer triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin) are being developed for clinical use. This growing diversity of antifungal classes has renewed interest in the possibilities of therapy with antifungal combinations. By analogy with management of tuberculosis and HIV infection, a pharmaceutical attack designed to strike at ? '2 targets in the fungi may improve therapeutic outcomes.
Development of Reading, Language, and Social Skills in Young Children With ASD

Author(s): Knight, Erin Marie | Advisor(s): Blacher, Jan | Abstract: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display a number of associated deficits that may impact reading comprehension development. The simple view of reading suggests that reading comprehension is the product of decoding skills and oral language, which is a deficit area for students with ASD. Some literature has also suggested that social skills impact reading comprehension development. The present study examines the simple view of reading with added emphasis on social skills in two samples of students with ASD, kindergarteners (N = 128) and second graders (N = 73), using latent variable path analyses. The study also examines the relationship between social skills and reading skill growth across pre-kindergarten to second grade, the impact of oral language on this growth, and the impact of this growth on reading comprehension in a larger sample of students with ASD (N = 182) using longitudinal growth analyses. Results indicate that the simple view of reading, including social skills, was an appropriate model for both kindergarteners and second graders, with some differences between the models. Additionally, reading growth impacted later reading comprehension, although social skills growth did not.
Effect of Yog Nidra on reaction time and the anticipation time of the wrestlers

At the elite level the mental or psychological factors affect the sportsperson’s abilities. For developing greater pressure-handling ability, we need to examine individuals who are exposed to handling risk and pressure. Stress refers to the physical, energetic state of activation in the body. It is the physical intensity level. The level of stress or activation can vary from deep sleep to intense excitement. The idea of peak activation level is that for every skill there is an optimal level of activation, a level that corresponds to a maximum performance level. The peak stress state is the level of energy and intensity that relates to an athlete's best performance level. Top achievers in sports operate in or near to their peak stress level in pressure situations. In the present research paper the 40 Indian male wrestlers in the age group of 18 to 25 years were studied on select psycho-physiological variables and their profiles were analyzed. The experimental group wrestlers (N=20) were then exposed to the Yog Nidra for 45 days and their responses were recorded on the psycho-physiological variables namely reaction time and the anticipation time (No. of early and late responses). Thus the complete pre – testing and the post training profiling for the comparative match group (N=20) as well as the experimental group was done and the outcomes were interpreted. The analysis of the present scenario of the psychological condition of the Indian male wrestlers was being done and accordingly the recommendations made for the improvement of the performance of Indian wrestlers so that they can perform better by overcoming the psychological hurdles at the elite level.
An inhomogeneous jet model for the rapid variability of TeV blazars

ABSTRACT We present a new time-dependent inhomogeneous jet model of non-thermal blazaremission, which reproduces the entire spectral energy distribution together with therapid gamma-ray variability. Ultra-relativistic leptons are injected at the base of ajet and propagate along the jet structure. We assume continuous reacceleration andcooling, producing a relativistic quasi-maxwellian (or ”pile-up”) particle energy distri-bution. The synchrotron and Synchrotron-Self Compton jet emissivity are computedat each altitude. Klein-Nishina eﬀects as well as intrinsic gamma-gamma absorptionare included in the computation. Due to the pair production optical depth, consider-able particle density enhancement can occur, particularly during ﬂaring states.Time-dependent jet emission can be computed by varying the particle injection, but due tothe sensitivity of pair production process, only small variations of the injected densityare required during the ﬂares. The stratiﬁcation of the jet emission, together with apile-up distribution, allows signiﬁcantly lower bulk Lorentz factors, compared to one-zone models. Applying this model to the case of PKS 2155–304 and its big TeV ﬂareobserved in 2006, we can reproduce simultaneously the average broad band spectrumof this source as well as the TeV spectra and TeV light curve of the ﬂare with bulkLorentz factor lower than 15.Key words: galaxies: active – BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155–304 –galaxies: jets – gamma-rays: theory – radiation mechanisms: nonthermal
The cultural shaping of parental involvement: theoretical insights from Israeli Jewish parents’ involvement in the primary schooling of their children

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical argument regarding the power of school to shape parental involvement in culturally informed ways. The paper emerges out of preliminary fieldwork among Jewish middle-class parents in a town in northern Israel, during which our attention was drawn to the intense activity in and around their children’s transition to primary school. This activity became a lens for the exploration and articulation of a theoretical claim, according to which parental involvement is not just a matter of the fit or lack of fit between the cultural capital imported from home into school, as posited by much of the relevant literature. Rather, the cultural shaping of parental involvement takes place within and through encounters between school and family: by means of the school’s cultivation of ‘proper’ disposition and comportment for parents, the power of emotional community and the recruitment of a key cultural symbol.
Body Posture Stability in Ski Boots Under Conditions of Unstable Supporting Surface

Abstract The authors attempted to determine whether: (1) there are differences in stability between the conditions of standing in ski boots and barefoot, (2) the type of surface affects stability, and, (3) the level of stability differs between the frontal and sagittal planes. The study included 35 young male recreational skiers aged 20.71 ±0.63 years. Measurements of stability were taken by means of a Libra seesaw balance board. The conditions of soft surface were created by attaching an inflated cushion to the board. The experiment was carried out on both rigid and soft surface for both movement planes and two different conditions: maintaining the seesaw balance board in the horizontal position and performance of a particular balancing task. All the tests were performed with visual feedback. Restricted ankle joint mobility that results from wearing ski boots caused a reduction of stability in studied subjects, particularly in the sagittal plane. The differences found in the study were likely to be caused by the difficulty the beginners experienced in re-organizing muscular coordination in hip joint strategy and effectively using mechanical support of ski boots that reduces lower limb muscle tone. The use of the soft surface improved stability exhibited by the subjects in the frontal plane without compromising the stability in the sagittal plane. The soft surface might have contributed to a reduction in excessive corrective movements, thus improving stability in studied subjects.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of limitation of foot mobility and disturbances in afferent information from the plantar mechanoreceptors due to wearing ski boots on the level of postural stability in beginner skiers under conditions of the unstable support surface.
LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG WORKING AND NON WORKING WOMEN

The present study was conducted to measure the life satisfaction among working and non working women. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) developed by Ed Diener and colleagues (1984) consisting 5 items was administered to the sample of (N=100) of different organizations and living areas of Islamabad and Faisalabad. The sample was divided into two categories 50 working women and 50 non-working women, out of which 25 working and 25 non working from Faisalabad, 25 working and 25 non working from Islamabad were taken. t- test was computed for the statistical analysis of the data. All hypotheses were significant at P<. 05 level. Findings indicate that there was significant difference between working and non- working women regarding their positive well being. Keyword: Life Satisfaction, Working women, Non-working women.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Tornado Hazard Exposure: The Case of the Expanding Bull’s-Eye Effect in Chicago, Illinois

AbstractExposure has amplified rapidly over the past half century and is one of the primary drivers of increases in disaster frequency and consequences. Previous research on exposure change detection has proven limited since the geographic units of aggregation for decennial censuses, the sole measure of accurate historical population and housing counts, vary from one census to the next. To address this shortcoming, this research produces a set of gridded population and housing data for the Chicago, Illinois, region to evaluate the concept of the “expanding bull’s-eye effect. ” This effect argues that “targets”—people and their built environments—of geophysical hazards are enlarging as populations grow and spread. A collection of observationally derived synthetic violent tornadoes are transposed across fine-geographic-scale population and housing unit grids at different time stamps to appraise the concept. Results reveal that intensifying and expanding development is placing more people and their possession.
On Invariant Operations on Pseudo-riemannian Manifolds

Invariantpolynomialoperators on Riemannian manifoldsare well understood and the knowledge of full lists of them becomes an eeective tool in Riemannian geometry, Atiyah, Bott, Patodi, 73] is a very good example. The present short paper is in fact a continuation of Slovv ak, 92] where the classiication problem is reconsidered under very mild assumptions and still complete classiication results are derived even in some non-linear situations. Therefore, we neither repeat the detailed exposition of the whole setting and the technical tools, nor we include all details of the proofs, the interested reader can nd them in the above paper (or in the monograph Koll a r, Michor, Slovv ak]). After a short introduction, we study operators homogeneous in weight on oriented pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we are interested in those of weight zero. The results involve generalizations of some well known theorems by Gilkey, 75] and Stredder, 75]. 1. Natural bundles and operators on Riemannian manifolds. The suitable explicit formulation of the classiication problem for invariant operators on mani-folds with some geometric structures is provided by the general theory of bundle functors and natural operators originated by Nijenhuis, see Koll a r, Michor, Slovv ak] for a detailed exposition. Roughly speaking, the bundle functors are direct generalizations of the usual tensor bundles (possibly non-linear and of higher orders) while the natural operators are some natural transformations between the innnite dimensional spaces of sections of the bundles. For our purposes, it suuces to deal only with tensor bundles of some type (p; q), i.e. p-times contravariant and q-times covariant, over pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with some xed dimension m and xed signature of the metric. Our operators should intertwine the natural action of local isometries on these tensor bundles. This setting covers all operators between natural vector bundles on Riemannian manifolds, which means the associated vector bundles to the pseudo-Riemannian linear frame bundles corresponding to some each such representation is completely reducible and the irreducible ones live all in some tensor spaces. Moreover, we can really restrict ourselves to operators on the whole tensor bundles, since the invariant subbundles are subjects of both invariant projection onto them and invariant injection into the whole tensor bundles.
Functional Specialization of Skin Dendritic Cell Subsets in Regulating T Cell Responses

Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous family of professional antigen-presenting cells classically recognized as most potent inducers of adaptive immune responses. In this respect, Langerhans cells have long been considered to be prototypic immunogenic DC in the skin. More recently this view has considerably changed. The generation of in vivo cell ablation and lineage tracing models revealed the complexity of the skin DC network and, in particular, established the existence of a number of phenotypically distinct Langerin+ and negative DC populations in the dermis. Moreover, by now we appreciate that DC also exert important regulatory functions and are required for the maintenance of tolerance toward harmless foreign and self-antigens. This review summarizes our current understanding of the skin-resident DC system in the mouse and discusses emerging concepts on the functional specialization of the different skin DC subsets in regulating T cell responses. Special consideration is given to antigen cross-presentation as well as immune reactions toward contact sensitizers, cutaneous pathogens, and tumors. These studies form the basis for the manipulation of the human counterparts of the murine DC subsets to promote immunity or tolerance for the treatment of human disease.