Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A combination of one-to-one teaching and small group teaching in higher music education in Norway – a good model for teaching?

Instrumental teachers in higher music education in Norway and elsewhere traditionally organise their teaching as individual lessons with one teacher and one student. This paper takes a closer look at how a horn teacher at the Norwegian Academy of Music has organised her weekly teaching in individual, small group and master class lessons with all her students. The project being described in the paper has since been extended to other instruments, but this paper concentrates on the horn model. The main focus is on small group lessons where the students themselves play and comment on fellow students’ performances. The evidence suggests that a combination of teaching in individual, small group and master class lessons is the best way of educating students as responsible, reflective and professional musicians.
Suicidal Attempt in Bipolar Disorder: Low Significance of Comorbidity with Opioid Dependence

Objectives: The relationship between suicidal attempt and opioid use disorder in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is unknown. This study aimed at shedding some light on this issue. Method:178 inpatients aged 18-65 with BD type I with or without opioid use disorders were face-to-face interviewed through the Persian Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and a questionnaire including demographic and some clinical factors. Results:Gender was the only demographic factor with a statistical significant difference between suicidal and non-suicidal bipolar patients. Also, comorbidity with anxiety disorders and the type of index and current mood episodes were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). But after using a logistic regression analysis, the only statistical significant different factors (p<0.05) between the two groups were gender, comorbidity with anxiety disorders, and GAF. Conclusion:Opioid dependence comorbidity can not be considered as a risk factor for suicidal attempt in patients with BD.
The Role of Computerized Tomography in the Assessment of Perivesical Invasion in Bladder Cancer

Summary Background The aim of the present study was to identify the contrast patterns of a tumor, and to evaluate the possibility of assessing the invasion of the perivesical fatty tissue in bladder cancer. Material/Methods In this study, 26 patients with bladder cancer were included. Multiphasic CT examination was performed to determine the stage of the disease before radical cystectomy. Results There were statistically significant differences in tumor and perivesical fatty tissue densities between pre- and post-contrast phases (p<0.05). Conclusions Increases in focal density suspected of being invasion of the perivesical fatty tissue can show perivesical invasion with high specificity.
Bias in occupational epidemiology studies

The design of occupational epidemiology studies should be based on the need to minimise random and systematic error. The latter is the focus of this paper, and includes selection bias, information bias and confounding. Selection bias can be minimised by obtaining a high response rate (and by appropriate selection of the control group in a case-control study). In general, it is important to ensure that information bias is minimised and is also non-differential (for example, that the misclassification of exposure is not related to disease status) by collecting data in a standardised manner. A major concern in occupational epidemiology studies usually relates to confounding, because exposure has not been randomly allocated, and the groups under study may therefore have different baseline disease risks. For each of these types of bias, the goal should be to avoid the bias by appropriate study design and/or appropriate control in the analysis. However, it is also important to attempt to assess the likely direction and strength of biases that cannot be avoided or controlled.
Identifying Effective Translations for Cross-lingual Arabic-to-English User-generated Speech Search

Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems are a valuable tool to enable speakers of one language to search for content of interest expressed in a different language. A group for whom this is of particular interest is bilingual Arabic speakers who wish to search for English language content using information needs expressed in Arabic queries. A key challenge in CLIR is crossing the language barrier between the query and the documents. The most common approach to bridging this gap is automated query translation, which can be unreliable for vague or short queries. In this work, we examine the potential for improving CLIR effectiveness by predicting the translation effectiveness using Query Performance Prediction (QPP) techniques. We propose a novel QPP method to estimate the quality of translation for an Arabic-English Cross-lingual User-generated Speech Search (CLUGS) task. We present an empirical evaluation that demonstrates the quality of our method on alternative translation outputs extracted from an Arabic-to-English Machine Translation system developed for this task. Finally, we show how this framework can be integrated in CLUGS to find relevant translations for improved retrieval performance.
Significant Warming of the Antarctic Winter Troposphere

We report an undocumented major warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere that is larger than any previously identified regional tropospheric warming on Earth. This result has come to light through an analysis of recently digitized and rigorously quality controlled Antarctic radiosonde observations. The data show that regional midtropospheric temperatures have increased at a statistically significant rate of 0.5° to 0.7°Celsius per decade over the past 30 years. Analysis of the time series of radiosonde temperatures indicates that the data are temporally homogeneous. The available data do not allow us to unambiguously assign a cause to the tropospheric warming at this stage.
Spatiality and the New Social Studies of Childhood

The past two decades have seen rapid changes in the ways in which sociologists think about children, and a growing cross-fertilisation of ideas between researchers in a variety of social science disciplines. This paper builds upon these developments by exploring what three inter-related ways of thinking about spatiality might contribute to the new social studies of childhood. Specifically, we identify the importance of progressive understandings of place in overcoming the split between global and local approaches to childhood; we discuss the ways in which children's identities are constituted in and through particular spaces; and we examine the ways in which our understandings of childhood can shape the meaning of spaces and places. These ideas are illustrated by reference to our current research on children's use of the internet as well as a range of wider studies.
Textbook Presentations of the Basic Addition Facts

Widely usedmathematics textbooks from kindergarten, first, second, and third grades were evaluated both for the frequency and the order of presentation of the basic 100 addition facts 0 + 0 through 9 + 9. A striking result was that the frequency of occurrence distributions for the basic facts were markedly skewed. There were many fewer presentations of large than small problems in the texts, and problems involving the addition of 0 were relatively infrequent at all grades; such was also the case in a similar study conducted in 1924. Correlations among the tabulated variables and a variety of published normative and performance measures are presented. We suggest several possible relationships between these results and the empirical literature on mental arithmetic performance. In particular, reaction time performance across the entire developmental span is closely related to both the frequency of presentation and the order of presentation of the basic facts in elementary texts. Furthermore, both the frequen.
[Determination of danshensu in rat serum after oral administer compound Salvia recipe].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the absorption of the water soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and establish methods to determine Danshensu in rat serum after ig compound Salvia recipe. METHOD Used liquid-liquid extraction to deal with the serum, then determined the sample by high-performance liquid chromatography. The conditions for HPLC were as the following: the mobile phase, CH3OH-CH3CN-0.5% CH3COOH (2.5:3.5:94) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1; detection wavelength, 281 nm; internal standard, 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid. RESULT Danshensu and an unknown compound whose reserved time was little shorter than protocatechuic aldehyde were found in the rat serum after ig compound Salvia recipe, while protocatechuic aldehyde weren't found in the serum. CONCLUSION Danshensu can be absorbed into blood after ig compound Salvia recipe.
Dwelling on the past

We welcome the recommendations suggested by Asendorpf et al. Their proposed changes will undoubtedly improve psychology as an academic discipline. However, our current knowledge is based on past research. We therefore have an obligation to ‘dwell on the past’; that is, to investigate the veracity of previously published findings—particularly those featured in course materials and popular science books. We discuss some examples of staple ‘facts’ in psychology that are actually no more than hypotheses with rather weak empirical support and suggest various ways to remedy this situation.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of the Treatment Literature

Once considered a rare and largely untreatable condition, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is now known to be the fourth most common psychiatric disorder. Obsessive thoughts are intrusive, repugnant, and distress and anxiety provoking, whereas compulsive rituals often lead to significant impairment in many areas of life. In this article, the authors present an empirically based review of the treatment outcome literature on cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD. Specifically, treatment by exposure with response prevention (EX/RP) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing OCD symptoms. The effectiveness of different variations of EX/RP and comparisons between this and other psychosocial therapies (e.g., cognitive therapy) are also discussed. Finally, the authors consider studies that have examined variables thought to influence the effectiveness of treatment.
A regulated transitive reduction (RTR) for longer memory race recording

Now at VMware. Multithreaded deterministic replay has important applications in cyclic debugging, fault tolerance and intrusion analysis. Memory race recording is a key technology for multithreaded deterministic replay. In this paper, we considerably improve our previous always-on Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in four ways: •Longer recording by reducing the log size growth rate to approximately one byte per thousand dynamic instructions. •Lower hardware cost by reducing the cost to 24 KB per processor core. •Simpler design by modifying only the cache coherence protocol, but not the cache. •Broader applicability by supporting both Sequential Consistency (SC) and Total Store Order (TSO) memory consistency models (existing recorders support only SC). These improvements stem from several ideas: (1) a Regulated Transitive Reduction (RTR) recording algorithm that creates stricter and vectorizable dependencies to reduce the log growth rate; (2) a Set/LRU timestamp approximation method that better approximates timestamps of uncached memory locations to reduce the hardware cost; (3) an order-value-hybrid recording methodthat explicitly logs the value of potential SC-violating load instructions to support multiprocessor systems with TSO.
Negative Myoclonic Status Due to Antiepileptic Drug Tapering: Report of Three Cases

Summary: Purpose: Epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) has been increasingly recognized in different epilepsies, but the reasons for its appearance and prognosis remain uncertain. We report 3 patients who developed de novo, almost continuous ENM, triggered by antiepileptic drug (AED) tapering, that resolved with treatment.
Eliciting Mid-Air Gestures for Wall-Display Interaction

Freehand mid-air gestures are a promising input method for interacting with wall displays. However, work on mid-air gestures for wall-display interaction has mainly explored what is technically possible, which might not result in gestures that users would prefer. This paper presents a guessability study where 20 participants performed gestures for 25 actions on a three-meter wide display. Based on the resulting 1124 gestures, we describe user-defined mid-air gestures for wall-display interaction and characterize the types of gesture users prefer for this context. The resulting gestures were largely influenced by surface interaction; they tended to be larger and more physically-based than gestures elicited in previous studies using smaller displays.
Parents' Perceptions of Changes in Mother-Child and Father-Child Relationships During Adolescence

Little research has examined parents'experiences of their children's transition to adolescence. The authors studied a sample of 170 mothers' and 159 fathers' open-ended descriptions of their experiences and investigated the role of prior relationship quality in predicting the nature of parents' experiences. Changes in the personal qualities of children, general closeness in the parent-adolescent relationship, and communication emerged as features of relationship change most salient to parents. Changes in parentchild acceptance and conflict during 4 years of adolescence were linked with mothers', but not fathers', positive and negative reactions to relationship change.
Intellectual humility and forgiveness of religious leaders

This article presents two studies that examined how perceptions of intellectual humility affect response to a transgression by a religious leader. In Study 1, participants (N = 105) rated the religious leader on intellectual humility regarding different religious beliefs and values, as well as general humility and forgiveness of the leader for a transgression. Perceived intellectual humility was positively associated with forgiveness, even when controlling for perceived general humility. In Study 2, we replicated the findings from Study 1 on an independent sample (N = 299). Also, the type of offense moderated the association between perceived intellectual humility and forgiveness. For participants, who reported an offense in the area of religious beliefs, values, or convictions, the association between perceived intellectual humility and forgiveness was stronger than for participants, who reported a different type of offense. We conclude by discussing limitations and areas for future research.
Surveying the Landscape of Teacher Education in New York City: Constrained Variation and the Challenge of Innovation

In this article, the authors describe the state of teacher education in and around the large and diverse school district of New York City. Using multiple data sources, including program documents, interviews, and surveys of teachers, this study attempts to explore the characteristics of programs that prepare elementary teachers of New York City public schools, including the kinds of programs that exist, who enters these different programs, who teaches in the programs, and what characterizes the core curriculum. A central question concerns the amount of variation that exists in the preparation of elementary teachers for a single, large school district. Despite the number and variety of programs that exist to prepare elementary teachers, the authors found the overall curriculum and structure of teacher education to be more similar than different. To understand this lack of variation, the authors draw on organizational theory, particularly, the concept of institutional isomorphism, to examine the case of teacher education. The authors conclude with recommendations for what it might take to change the landscape of teacher education in the context of a large urban district.
THE NEWS TRIUMVIRATE

News agencies, or wire services, are playing a growing role in the contemporary news environment, primarily due to the prevalence of the 24/7 online newsroom and its associated need for speed and volumes of copy. At the same time press releases and other public relations-generated material daily flood the news environment. This paper builds on research into these two fields, trialling a new methodology—one which follows press releases and other public relations material through the uptake by news agencies, in particular the Australian Associated Press, and finally, as published stories in metropolitan online newspapers. While previous research has tracked press releases and news agency copy individually, this study is significant because it follows the three distinct phases in the news cycle and determines how the news agency—the most pervasive and trusted news source—can become the de facto distributor of public relations material. It grounds the study in the work of political economists, who have endeavoured since the 1970s to explain the dwindling quality and quantity of good journalism in leading democracies. This work sets the foundations for a larger study into the production of news in contemporary media environments.
All Things Considered: Systematic Cognitive Processing and Electoral Decision-making

This paper seeks to understand what difference it makes if voters systematically consider a representative range of salient criteria before choosing a candidate, and whether the effects of such systematic processing are conditioned by political knowledge. To this end, we executed experiments during the 2000 electoral season that randomly exposed some subjects to an Analytic Hierarchy Processing (AHP) tool, which encourages systematic processing of various orthogonal decision criteria in complex choice environments. We predicted, and found, that the choices of knowledgeable voters exposed to AHP were weaker and less consistent than control group responses, suggesting that systematic processing induces integrative complexity and perhaps “analysis paralysis” among knowledgeable voters. However, we found that among less knowledgeable voters, the opposite pattern generally emerged—AHP exposure was associated with even greater reliance on party ID and ideology cues, perhaps even bolstering predispositions via projection and rationalization.
The influence of positive reflection on attributions, emotions, and self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of postcompetition positive reflection on attributions, emotions, and self-efficacy. Following a golf putting competition, participants (n = 80) were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. In the experimental group participants completed a modified version of the performance evaluation sheet (Holder, 1997). In the control group participants completed the concentration grid exercise (Harris & Harris, 1984). All participants subsequently completed measures of causal attribution, emotion, and self-efficacy. Findings showed that participants in the experimental condition made attributions that were significantly more internal and personally controllable than participants in the control group irrespective of competition outcome. No differences were observed between groups on measures of emotion and self-efficacy. This study suggests that reflecting back on positive elements of performance is a useful strategy for developing desirable.
Acute Central Neuropeptide Y Administration Increases Food Intake but Does Not Affect Hepatic Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (Vldl) Production in Mice

Objective Central neuropeptide Y (NPY) administration stimulates food intake in rodents. In addition, acute modulation of central NPY signaling increases hepatic production of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) in rats. As hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, for which well-established mouse models are available, we set out to validate the effect of NPY on hepatic VLDL-TG production in mice, to ultimately investigate whether NPY, by increasing VLDL production, contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Research Design and Methods Male C57Bl/6J mice received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula into the lateral (LV) or third (3V) ventricle of the brain. One week later, after a 4 h fast, the animals received an intravenous (i.v.) injection of Tran35S (100 µCi) followed by tyloxapol (500 mg/kg body weight; BW), enabling the study of hepatic VLDL-apoB and VLDL-TG production, respectively. Immediately after the i.v. injection of tyloxapol, the animals received either an i.c. v. injection of NPY (0.2 mg/kg BW in artificial cerebrospinal fluid; aCSF), synthetic Y1 receptor antagonist GR231118 (0.5 mg/kg BW in aCSF) or vehicle (aCSF), or an i.v. injection of PYY3–36 (0.5 mg/kg BW in PBS) or vehicle (PBS). Results Administration of NPY into both the LV and 3V increased food intake within one hour after injection (+164%, p<0.001 and +367%, p<0.001, respectively). NPY administration neither in the LV nor in the 3V affected hepatic VLDL-TG or VLDL-apoB production. Likewise, antagonizing central NPY signaling by either PYY3–36 or GR231118 administration did not affect hepatic VLDL production. Conclusion In mice, as opposed to rats, acute central administration of NPY increases food intake without affecting hepatic VLDL production. These results are of great significance when extrapolating findings on the central regulation of hepatic VLDL production between species.
Competing in the e-learning environment-strategies for universities

Recent developments have increased competition in the sector for higher education, thus creating an educational market. Companies from the hardware and software industries, the media industry, and professional training institutions are trying to enter the market with corporate or virtual universities, with learning software, computer-based training, and other e-learning products. Many successful universities are trying to enter the e-learning market using different strategies. In this contribution, we describe recent trends in the educational market. We then identify and classify a university's portfolio and introduce branding as an appropriate means of marketing a university's offer. A brief history and several definitions of e-learning are presented, before we illustrate e-learning market entry strategies and give examples. We conclude with further considerations for universities and an outlook.
Role Overload and Underload in Relation to Occupational Stress and Health

Most research on work stress has focused on the concept of role overload, or too many job demands, as opposed to role underload, or too few job demands. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine if different levels of job demands may be differentially associated with job-related stress as well as with various health outcomes. Specifically, in the present study, we used data from the Eurobarometer Survey on Working Conditions (n = 16,000) to investigate whether role overload and underload resulted in different negative health outcomes. We also examined to see whether different job characteristics, such as having control of your work schedule, differentially buffered the effects of role demands on work stress for workers experiencing role overload, role underload, or neither (i.e. matched). Results indicated that respondents reporting role overload had the highest level of all 16 negative health outcomes, with the role underload group being the next highest and the matched group being the lowest. In addition, a series of hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that the control variable of time buffered stress for the role matched and role underload groups, while both time and autonomy buffered stress for the role overload group. The implications of the results for both theory and practice are discussed.