Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quarterly Earnings Announcements and Market Risk Adjustments

We examine (1) whether there is a shift in beta for "individual" securities around quarterly earnings announcements, and (2) whether these beta changes relate to certain characteristics of the firms. We find a statistically significant upward (downward) beta shift during the two-day earnings announcement period for 25 per cent (9 per cent) of a sample of 195 US firms. We also find that the beta shift at the time of the earnings announcement is significantly higher for small firms (i.e., more precise announcements). Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999.
Reducing power of the natural polyphenols of Sempervivum tectorum in vitro and in vivo

Unhealthy dietary habit e.g. lipid rich diet could result in inflammatory processes and necrosis in the gastrointestinal tract in which free radical reactions are involved. Higher plants have many free radical scavenger molecules and anti-inflammatory compounds in wonderful variations. Sempervivum tectorum L. is well known plant in folk medicine. In the case of complex plant extracts, such as Sempervivum tectorum ones, which contain several active compounds, it is impossible to discover the single mechanism of action, therefore practically the reducing activity have to be measured in vitro and in rat intestinal tract in vivo. The question was, whether the absorbed active compounds of Sempervivum tectorum extract were able to influence on the changed cellular redox states in mucosa of all part of intestinal tract in experimental bowel disease. This biochemical work presents the protective effect of natural polyphenols and flavonoids of Sempervivum tectorum extract in bowel disease - especially in jejunum and ileum - induced by high dietary triglyceride and cholesterol level in rats.
EVALUATION OF MODELS

Evaluation of models describing computer based technology is crucial for further evolution of medical progress. In this project, the research sites of the Sonderforschungsbereich 414 "Computer and sensor aided surgery" were linked for evaluation purposes. Topics of flow, morphology, function, and robotics in the field of cardiac and oromaxillofacial surgery are addressed. Key methods are animal models, phantoms, image processing and clinical studies in the setting of exactly defined circumstances. As an example, 3D evaluation of myocardial edema is presented. Heterogeneity of 3D distribution of induced myocardial edema was validated. Temporal dynamics of edema is described as an example. Based on such models, diagnostic and operation relevant planning data are offered to cardiac surgeons.
Correlations, integration and Hansen-Jagannathan bounds

Recent studies have documented the growing economic and financial integration between countries. Among other things, this has led to the argument that greater integration results in higher bilateral correlations between returns on national stock markets. This study endeavours to link the two issues by utilizing the assumption that if countries are integrated, they would have to display a minimum level of correlation. This is achieved by constructing a bound on the level of the bilateral correlation, as originally developed by Kasa (1995). In contrast to Kasa, the present studies demonstrate that the correlation bound may not be downward sloping in all cases and careful interpretation of the results is required.
Archaeology and Language: Methods and Issues

The relationship between linguistics and archaeology reflects both the internal dynamic of the disciplines themselves and external political and social trends. Many archaeologists have asserted that archaeology and linguistics do not share much common ground; some for reasons internal to archaeology, while others may be traced to the sometimes startling misuse of the conjunction of disciplines by earlier scholars. Linguistics is in many ways more internally diverse than archaeology; a much greater proportion of its practitioners are engaged in high theory and fieldwork is often perceived as a low prestige activity. The great majority of linguists are engaged in an enterprise that really does have no relevance for archaeology, whilst the reverse is not true. However, among the subset of linguists interested in historical topics, few have not at least glanced at archaeology, in the light of its potential to provide interpretative tools for their findings.
Epoetin‐associated pure red cell aplasia: past, present, and future considerations

BACKGROUND: Since 1988, millions of patients have received epoetin products intravenously (IV) and subcutaneously. In 1998, epoetin‐associated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) was first reported and causation was attributed to formulations without human serum albumin (HSA), subcutaneous administration, and uncoated rubber stoppers.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Charcoal, Biogas, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Cooking Fuels in Ghana

Standard life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology has been used to determine and compare the environmental impacts of three different cooking fuels used in Ghana, namely, charcoal, biogas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). A national policy on the use of cooking fuels would have to look at the environmental, social, and cost implications associated with the fuel types. This study looked at the environmental aspect of using these fuels. The results showed that global warming and human toxicity were the most significant overall environmental impacts associated with them, and charcoal and LPG, respectively, made the largest contribution to these impact categories. LPG, however, gave relatively higher impacts in three other categories of lesser significance—that is, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity potentials. Direct comparison of the results showed that biogas had the lowest impact in five out of the seven categories investigated. Charcoal and LPG had only one lowest score each. From the global warming point of view, however, LPG had a slight overall advantage over the others, and it was also the most favorable at the cooking stage, in terms of its effect on humans.
[Coagulation and prothrombotic state parameters: clinical analysis in early pregnancy].

OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in coagulation, thrombosis, anti-coagulation and fibrinolysis during early pregnancy. METHODS A total of 105 gravidas with monocytic pregnancies between 10 and 12 weeks gestational age at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University during April 2005 to June 2009 were recruited for study group and another 82 non-pregnant women as control group. Coagulation parameters, including thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin (PT) and fibrinogen (Fg), were measured. We also tested the prothrombotic state parameters, including prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), antithrombin III(AT-III), GMP140, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2; performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and D-dimer (D2; tested by latex turbidimetric immunoassay). RESULTS Fg (4.00 vs 2.52 g/L), F1+2 (0.66 vs 0.31 nmol/L), TAT (179.95 vs 39.46 µg/L), GMP140 (9.42 vs 19.13 µg/L), D2 (201.51 vs 125.02 µg/L) and PAI-2 (0.047 vs 0.006 g/L) were statistically different between the study and control groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The coagulation, fibrinolysis and anti-fibrinolysis functions of healthy pregnant women become enhanced during early pregnancy while anti-coagulation function slightly increases. These four basic functions are balanced at a higher level so that the activation of platelets stays at a lower level.
Bank CEO Pay-Performance Relations and the Effects of Deregulation

The authors test the deregulation hypothesis that posits that bank CEO compensation became more sensitive to performance as bank management became less regulated. They observe a significant increase in pay-performance sensitivities from their 1976-81 regulation subsample to their 1982-88 deregulation subsample. These increases in pay sensitivities after deregulation are observed for salary and bonus, stock options, and common stock holdings. The authors observe increases in the pay-performance relation associated with high-capitalization-ratio banks, consistent with providing incentives for wealth creation while even larger increases in pay-performance sensitivity for lower capitalization-ratio banks suggest an Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation moral hazard problem. Copyright 1995 by University of Chicago Press.
Bank Runs as an Equilibrium Phenomenon

A standard demand-deposit contract in which individuals are entitled to their full deposit at any time provided the bank is solvent is analyzed in a context in which there are no exogenous events on which agents condition their behavior and a unique equilibrium involving a bank run with positive probability is shown to exist. Copyright 1987 by University of Chicago Press.
Stock market reaction to the appointment of outside directors

This paper examines the UK stock market's reaction to the appointment of outside (non-executive) board members. Tests conducted using a sample of 714 appointments reported by "EXTEL" between 1 July, 1993 and 31 December, 1996, indicate a strong interaction between appointee characteristics and the magnitude of the agency problem: the share price reaction to outside director appointments is significantly more favourable when board ownership is low "and" the appointee possesses strong ex ante monitoring incentives. In contrast, the appointment of independent and manager-affiliated outside directors does not appear to benefit shareholders on average, even in the presence of serious agency problems. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2003.
Comparison of Two Multiplex Methods for Detection of Respiratory Viruses: FilmArray RP and xTAG RVP

ABSTRACT We compared the FilmArray RP (Idaho Technology, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) and the xTAG RVP (Luminex Corporation, Toronto, Canada) multiplex respiratory virus PCR methods for the detection of respiratory viruses in a set of 200 patient specimens frozen at −70°C after standard viral culture and antigen detection methods were done. Both systems detected between 40 to 50% more viruses than traditional methods, primarily rhinoviruses and human metapneumovirus. The FilmArray RP detected significantly more total viruses either alone or as part of mixed infections than the xTAG RVP, as well as an additional 21.6% more respiratory syncytial viruses. The xTAG RVP requires 5 to 6 h with 2.5 to 3 h of hands-on time, while the FilmArray RP takes about an hour with 3 to 5 min of hands-on time, making it much easier to perform.
Graphene growth and properties on metal substrates

Graphene–metal interface as one of the interesting graphene-based objects attracts much attention from both application and fundamental science points of view. This paper gives a timely review of the recent experimental works on the growth and the electronic properties of the graphene–metal interfaces. This work makes a link between huge amount of experimental and theoretical data allowing one to understand the influence of the metallic substrate on the electronic properties of a graphene overlayer and how its properties can be modified in a controllable way. The further directions of studies and applications of the graphene–metal interfaces are discussed.
The "new" doctor-nurse game in decentralization: A case study in southern Sweden

ABSTRACT Thesis title: The “new” doctor-nurse game in decentralization –A case study in southern Sweden. Course: BUSM18, Degree Project in Managing People, Knowledge & Change, 15 Credits. Seminar date: 03-06-2010 Author: Vasileios Georgakopoulos Supervisor: Sverre Spoelstra Key words: Decision making, decentralization, popular culture, critical thinking communication, teamwork, stress, E.R series, rational-bounded rational-irrational model, ambiguity. Purpose: To explore the nursing decision making in a decentralized area, taking into consideration the nurses’ knowledge and clinical practice. Method: This research is based on a qualitative approach through interviews. The method which is used on my research is the mix of deductive and inductive approach. Furthermore, it is used the popular culture as an interview technique. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework which I use deals with the nursing recommendation to the doctors which started from the decade of 90’s. Hence, in order to describe this framework I was inspired from the influential historic overview of decision making model Conclusion: Nurses influence the doctors’ decision making process with three models. First the rational model (Step-By-Step), second the bounded rational model (Recognition-Primed Decision) and third the irrational model (Garbage Can). A basic precondition is to work the nurses in a decentralized health system.
Implementing Six Sigma in Saudi Arabia: An empirical study on the fortune 100 firms

This paper presents the results of a survey that gathered evidence regarding the current status of Six Sigma adoption and implementation in Saudi Arabia. Although Six Sigma has become the focus of business for a quarter of a century, the philosophy has not gained the same attention in developing countries. Moreover, little academic research has been carried out on the extent of Six Sigma implementation in these countries. The study focuses on Six Sigma implementation among the fortune 100 manufacturing and service firms in Saudi Arabia since they represent the most important organisations operating in the country and could serve as an indicator for the extent of Six Sigma adoption. The results indicate that the rate of Six Sigma implementation is less than 32% of respondents. Reasons behind Six Sigma implementation, popularity of Six Sigma compared with other similar initiatives, Six Sigma implementation success factors, tools and techniques used, level of training, barriers and impediments in the implementation and benefits gained from implementation are investigated and compared with the literature. Moreover, the findings suggest that there is no significant difference in the level of most of Six Sigma practices between manufacturing and service firms which asserts that service firms recognise Six Sigma and are using it to boost performance
Impact of Overeducation on Wages in China

The rapid expansion of China's higher education system in recent years has exceeded China's high rate of economic growth and produced a problem of overeducation and undereducation, defined respectively as whether graduates obtain jobs whose educational requirements are commensurate with their highest degree qualification on graduation. A pecking order model of employment offers is used to analyze the factors determining the overeducation of graduates across China. These include significant factors not found in other countries. The predictive hypothesis of a strong form of the pecking order model was tested under conditions of perfect wage flexibility dependent only on individual characteristics and not on the job obtained by the graduate. The hypothesis was rejected because the evidence showed that the Chinese labor market is imperfectly competitive due to the continued functioning of traditional bureaucratic norms. Instead, the analysis found that job level can have a significant effect on a graduate's wages, alongside other factors. The determinants of the probability of obtaining a higher-level job on graduation therefore remain important as factors influencing the graduate's expected wages, incentives, and risk of being overeducated for available employment.
Early and late phase asthmatic response in lower airways of cat‐allergic asthmatic patients – a comparison between experimental and environmental allergen challenge

Background: Standardized experimental allergen challenges are usually adopted to investigate the effect of allergen exposure on the lower airways. Environmental (natural) allergen challenges are used less often, mainly because of difficulties in standardizing the method, safety reasons and costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between an experimental and an environmental bronchial challenge. For this reason a natural challenge model was developed.
Commodities and Equities: Ever a “Market of One”?

Amid the rise in commodity investing that started in 2003, many have asked whether commodities now move more in sync with traditional financial assets. Using daily, weekly and monthly data over 18 years, this article provides evidence largely to the contrary. First, dynamic conditional correlation and recursive co-integration techniques are applied to the prices of, and the returns on, key investable commodity and U.S. equity indices. Compared to the 1991–2002 period, both short- and long-term relationships between passive commodity and equity investments are generally weaker after 2003. Even though the correlations between equity and commodity returns increased sharply in the fall of 2008, during a time of extraordinary economic and financial turbulence, they remained lower than their peaks in the previous decade. Second, the co-movements between equity and commodity returns in periods of extreme returns are analyzed. There is little evidence of a secular increase in spillovers from equity to commodity markets during extreme events. Overall, the results suggest that while commodities provide substantial diversification benefits to passive equity investors, those benefits are weaker precisely when they are needed most.
Metabolic syndrome among patients receiving clozapine: A preliminary estimate

Objective: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients receiving clozapine. Materials and Methods: For this study, 100 patients attending the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital who were receiving clozapine for more than three months were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) criteria. Results: Forty-six patients fulfilled IDF criteria and 47 met modified NCEP ATP-III criteria of metabolic syndrome. There was significant correlation between these two sets of criteria used to define the metabolic syndrome (Kappa value –0.821, P < 0.001). Among the individual parameters studied, increased waist circumference was the most common abnormality, followed by abnormal blood glucose levels and elevated triglyceride levels. All these abnormalities were seen in more than half (52-61%) of the patients. When the sample was divided into two groups, i.e., those with and without metabolic syndrome, patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher body mass index and had spent more time in school. Logistic regression analysis revealed that these two variables together explained about 19% of the variance in metabolic syndrome (adjusted r2 = 0193; F = 12.8; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in subjects receiving clozapine.
The Natural Rate of Unemployment: Reflections on 25 Years of the Hypothesis

1. Introduction Rod Cross Part I. The Theoretical Framework: 2. The origins and further development of the natural rate of unemployment Edmund Phelps 3. The natural rate as new classical macroeconomics James Tobin 4. Theoretical reflections on the 'natural rate of unemployment' Frank Hahn 5. Of coconuts, decomposition and a jackass: the genealogy of the natural rate Huw Dixon Part II. Adjustment, Ranges of Equilibria and Hysteresis: 6. The economics of adjustment Andrew Caplin and John Leahy 7. Hysteresis and memory in the labour market G. C. Archibald 8. Models of the range of equilibria Ian McDonald 9. Hysteresis revisited: a methodological approach Bruno Amable, Jerome Henry, Frederic Lordon and Richard Topol 10. Is the natural rate hypothesis consistent with hysteresis? Rod Cross Part III. Empirical Tests and Macro Models: 11. The natural rate hypothesis and its testable implications Hashem Pesaran and Ron Smith 12. Non-linear dependence in unemployment, output and inflation: empirical evidence for the UK David Peel and Alan Speight 13. Prices, wages and unemployment in the US economy: a traditional model and tests of some alternatives Albert Ando and Flint Brayton 14. The natural rate in empirical macroeconomic models Simon Wren-Lewis Part IV. Political Economy: 15. Is the natural rate of unemployment a useful concept for Europe? Maria Demertzis and Andrew Hughes Hallett 16. The natural rate of unemployment: a fundamentalist Keynesian view Meghnad Desai 17. Politics and the natural rate hypothesis: a historical perspective Bernard Corry.
The Theory of Free Banking: Money Supply Under Competitive Note Issue

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.The theory of free banking: money supply under competitive note issue / George A. Selgin.
The Role of Money in Capitalism

Int. Journal of Political Economy, vol. 32, no. 3, Fall 2002, pp. 5–22. © 2004 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.ISSN 0891–1016 / 2004 $9.50 + 0.00. The authors are, respectively, Ph.D. candidate in Social and Political Scienceat the University of Cambridge, England, and professor in the Department ofEconomics and at the Schulich School of Business, York University, Toronto,Canada. Without implicating them, the authors thank Geoff Ingham and AlanKerns for their insightful comments.
Cholesterol is poorly available for free apolipoprotein-mediated cellular lipid efflux from smooth muscle cells.

To study the mechanism for resistance of smooth muscle cells (SMC) to cholesterol efflux caused by lipid-free apolipoproteins [Komaba, A. , et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17560-17566], the efflux of phospholipids and cholesterol was induced from mouse peritoneal macrophages (MP) and rat aortic SMC by phospholipid/triglyceride microemulsion, by human plasma high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs), and by lipid-free human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. The efflux of both lipids by the lipid microemulsion showed essentially the same kinetic profile for these two types of cells except that the rate of phospholipid efflux was 5-6 times slower by weight than cholesterol in both cases. The same ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was also found in the efflux to LDLs. Lipid-free apoA-I mediated cellular cholesterol efflux, but the rate was much slower from SMC than from MP. However, the rate of apoA-I-mediated phospholipid efflux was similar between these two cells generating HDL-like particles, resulting in a high phospholipid:cholesterol ratio, (4-5):1 by weight, in the lipid efflux from SMC, in contrast with (0.8-1):1 in the lipid efflux from MP. When standardized for the cellular free cholesterol, the Vmax of cholesterol efflux induced by lipid-free apoA-I was 10 times slower from SMC than from MP, but only by at most 2-fold slower when lipid microemulsion was the acceptor. Thus, free cholesterol of SMC is less available than that of MP for free apolipoprotein-mediated generation of HDLs with cellular lipids. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)