Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Genetic Factors and Kidney and Liver Function in Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients on Long-Term Metformin and Sulphonylurea Cotreatment

This study investigated the influence of genetic polymorphisms of metformin transporters on long-term glycemic control and lipid status in type 2 diabetes patients in the everyday clinical setting. In total 135 patients treated with combination of metformin and sulphonylurea for at least 6 months were genotyped for SLC22A1 rs628031 and SLC47A1 rs2289669 polymorphisms. Relatively good blood glucose control with median HbA1c 6.9 (6.4–7.6) % was achieved on prescribed metformin dosage of 2550 (2000–2550) mg per day. Only 28 (20.7%) patients experienced mild hypoglycemia events, while no severe hypoglycemia events were observed. Most patients had normal or mildly impaired renal function. Parameters indicating renal function were not correlated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, or lipid parameters. Rs628031 and rs2289669 had minor allele frequencies of 0.385 and 0.355, respectively, and were not associated with HbA1c levels. Rs628031 was marginally associated with risk for hypoglycemia events (P = 0.046; OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.26–0.99), while significant correlation was observed between rs2289669 and total cholesterol levels (P = 0.018). In conclusion, in patients on long-term metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment, metformin transporters polymorphisms do not play a major role in glycemic control; however, they may influence lipid status.
Comparison between dobutamine stress echocardiography and myocardial perfusion scan to detect viable myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease and low ejection fraction.

INTRODUCTION Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) and myocardial perfusion scan (MPS) are commonly used to detect viable myocardium. We designed this study to compare the results of these two methods in detecting myocardial viability. METHODS We studied 736 segments from 46 patients (42 men, mean age 56 years), with coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction <40%), using low-dose DSE and (99m)Tc-sestamibi MPS. The two methods were compared in the detection of viability, primarily in dysfunctional and secondarily, in different anatomical segments. RESULTS Of the 736 segments, 397 (53.9%) were normal or mildly hypokinetic and 339 (46.1%) dysfunctional. Of 49 severely hypokinetic segments, 33 (67.4%) were viable and 1 (2%) nonviable according to both methods, while discordant results were found in 15 (30.6%). Among 274 akinetic segments, both methods were concordant in 148 (54%) nonviable and 15 (5.5%) viable regions, while 111 (40.5%) segments showed discordance. Of 16 aneurysmal segments, 7 were viable according to MPS, but none showed contractile reserve on DSE. The two methods were concordant in 14.2% viable, 46.6% nonviable and discordant in 39.2% of all dysfunctional segments. Eighty-seven percent (98/113) of akinetic and 20% (8/41) of hypokinetic segments had 99mTc-sestamibi uptake, but did not show contractile reserve. There was more than 75% agreement in lateral basal, anterior apical and inferior apical segments. CONCLUSION The proportion of segments showing a positive response to dobutamine is significantly lower than those with technetium uptake. This suggests that the cellular mechanisms responsible for a positive inotropic response to adrenergic stimulation required a higher degree of myocyte functional integrity than those responsible for 99mTc-sestamibi uptake.
Sleep patterns in Parkinson’s disease: direct recordings from the subthalamic nucleus

Sleep is a fundamental homeostatic process, and disorders of sleep can greatly affect quality of life. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is highly comorbid for a spectrum of sleep disorders and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been reported to improve sleep architecture in PD. We studied local field potential (LFP) recordings in PD subjects undergoing STN-DBS over the course of a full-night’s sleep. We examined the changes in oscillatory activity recorded from STN between ultradian sleep states to determine whether sleep-stage dependent spectral patterns might reflect underlying dysfunction. For this study, PD (n=10) subjects were assessed with concurrent polysomnography and LFP recordings from the DBS electrodes, for an average of 7.5 hours in ‘off’ dopaminergic medication state. Across subjects, we found conserved spectral patterns among the canonical frequency bands (delta 0–3 Hz, theta 3–7 Hz, alpha 7–13 Hz, beta 13–30 Hz, gamma 30–90 Hz and high frequency 90–350 Hz) that were associated with specific sleep cycles: delta (0–3 Hz) activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) associated stages was greater than during Awake, whereas beta (13–30 Hz) activity during NREM states was lower than Awake and rapid eye movement (REM). In addition, all frequency bands were significantly different between NREM states and REM. However, each individual subject exhibited a unique mosaic of spectral interrelationships between frequency bands. Our work suggests that LFP recordings from human STN differentiate between sleep cycle states, and sleep-state specific spectral mosaics may provide insight into mechanisms underlying sleep pathophysiology.
An Experimental Evaluation of Coevolutive Concept Learning

In this paper an extensive experimental eval uation of an evolutionary approach to con cept learning is presented The experimen tation performed with the system G NET investigates the e ectiveness of the approach along the following dimensions Robustness with respect to parameter setting e ective ness of the MDL criterion coupled with a stochastic search bias impact of coevolution on the quality of the solution and on the com putational e ort required and ability to face problems requiring structured representation languages A discussion of the obtained re sults and a suggestion on when this type of approach might be useful is also provided
Let's work together!

Mr Speaker, officers and members of the Board of Trustees, delegates and alternates to the House of Delegates, presidents of state associations, auxiliary officials, and distinguished guests: I feel privileged to join the ranks of 142 predecessors who have had the singular opportunity to serve as President of the American Medical Association. As I stand here—humbly, respectfully, and enthusiastically accepting the challenges of this office—I am honored to be in the presence of this audience, the leaders of American medicine. This opportunity is especially meaningful to me because it comes at a time when our profession is at a zenith of unprecedented accomplishments. Working with the people of this country, we have achieved so much. Life expectancy continues to lengthen. The quality of life continues to improve. And the public now exhibits a widespread and impressive commitment to self-care and the prevention of illness. The advances of many decades are
Spatial deformation transfer

Much effort is invested in generating natural deformations of three-dimensional shapes. Deformation transfer simplifies this process by allowing to infer deformations of a new shape from existing deformations of a similar shape. Current deformation transfer methods can be applied only to shapes which are represented as a single component manifold mesh, hence their applicability to real-life 3D models is somewhat limited. We propose a novel deformation transfer method, which can be applied to a variety of shape representations -- tet-meshes, polygon soups and multiple-component meshes. Our key technique is deformation of the space in which the shape is embedded. We approximate the given source deformation by a harmonic map using a set of harmonic basis functions. Then, given a sparse set of user-selected correspondence points between the source and target shapes, we generate a deformation of the target shape which has differential properties similar to those of the source deformation. Our method requires only the solution of linear systems of equations, and hence is very robust and efficient. We demonstrate its applicability on a wide range of deformations, for different shape representations.
Abstract Representations of Attributed Emotion: Evidence From Neuroscience and Development

Representations of Attributed Emotion: Evidence From Neuroscience and Development The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Skerry, Amy Elizabeth. 2015. Abstract Representations of Attributed Emotion: Evidence From Neuroscience and Development. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard. edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467378 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard. edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current. terms-ofuse#LAA Abstract representations of attributed emotion: evidence from neuroscience and developmentrepresentations of attributed emotion: evidence from neuroscience and development A DISSERTATION PRESENTED BY AMY ELIZABETH SKERRY TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SUBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGY HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS MAY, 2015 © 2015—Amy Elizabeth Skerry All rights reserved.
Rhetorical Move Detection in English Abstracts: Multi-label Sentence Classifiers and their Annotated Corpora

The relevance of automatically identifying rhetorical moves in scientific texts has been widely acknowledged in the literature. This study focuses on abstracts of standard research papers written in English and aims to tackle a fundamental limitation of current machine-learning classifiers: they are mono-labeled, that is, a sentence can only be assigned one single label. However, such approach does not adequately reflect actual language use since a move can be realized by a clause, a sentence, or even several sentences. Here, we present MAZEA (Multi-label Argumentative Zoning for English Abstracts), a multi-label classifier which automatically identifies rhetorical moves in abstracts but allows for a given sentence to be assigned as many labels as appropriate. We have resorted to various other NLP tools and used two large training corpora: (i) one corpus consists of 645 abstracts from physical sciences and engineering (PE) and (ii) the other corpus is made up of 690 from life and health sciences (LH). This paper presents our preliminary results and also discusses the various challenges involved in multi-label tagging and works towards satisfactory solutions. In addition, we also make our two training corpora publicly available so that they may serve as benchmark for this new task.
Context effects on frame probability independent of verb sense ambiguity

Verb frame probability has received wide attention in the parsing literature and in psycholinguistic research. Although frame probabilities obtained from corpora have been shown to correlate with experimental data, the correlation is less than perfect and varies across corpora. We argue that this variability can be explained in terms of discourse context, based on experimental data that show that context has an inuence on frame probability for the NP/VP ambiguity in German. This effect is observed for both semantically ambiguous and unambiguous verbs, and hence cannot be explained solely in terms of verb sense ambiguity.
Static analysis versus penetration testing: A controlled experiment

Suppose you have to assemble a security team, which is tasked with performing the security analysis of your organization's latest applications. After researching how to assess your applications, you find that the most popular techniques (also offered by most security consultancies) are automated static analysis and black box penetration testing. Under time and budget constraints, which technique would you use first? This paper compares these two techniques by means of an exploratory controlled experiment, in which 9 participants analyzed the security of two open source blogging applications. Despite its relative small size, this study shows that static analysis finds more vulnerabilities and in a shorter time than penetration testing.
PreC and C Regions of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Facilitate Persistent Expression of Surface Antigen of Chimeric WHV-HBV Virus in the Hydrodynamic Injection BALB/c Mouse Model

In the hydrodynamic injection (HI) BALB/c mouse model with the overlength viral genome, we have found that woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) could persist for a prolonged period of time (up to 45 weeks), while hepatitis B virus (HBV) was mostly cleared at week four. In this study, we constructed a series of chimeric genomes based on HBV and WHV, in which the individual sequences of a 1.3-fold overlength HBV genome in pBS-HBV1.3 were replaced by their counterparts from WHV. After HI with the WHV-HBV chimeric constructs in BALB/c mice, serum viral antigen, viral DNA (vDNA), and intrahepatic viral antigen expression were analyzed to evaluate the persistence of the chimeric genomes. Interestingly, we found that HI with three chimeric WHV-HBV genomes resulted in persistent antigenemia in mice. All of the persistent chimeric genomes contained the preC region and the part of the C region encoding the N-terminal 1–145 amino acids of the WHV genome. These results indicated that the preC region and the N-terminal part of the C region of the WHV genome may play a role in the persistent antigenemia. The chimeric WHV-HBV genomes were able to stably express viral antigens in the liver and could be further used to express hepadnaviral antigens to study their pathogenic potential.
Complexity reduction and regularization of a fast affine projection algorithm for oversampled subband adaptive filters

The affine projection algorithm (APA) has been shown to improve the performance of oversampled subband adaptive filters (OS-SAFs) compared to classical normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms. Because of the complexity of APA, however, only low-order APAs are practical for real-time implementation. Thus, we propose a reduced-complexity version of the Gauss-Seidel fast APA (GSFAPA) for adapting the subband filters in OS-SAF systems. We propose modifying the GSFAPA with a complexity reduction method based on partial filter update, and also with a low-cost method for combined regularization and step size control. We show the advantage of the new algorithm - termed low-cost Gauss-Seidel fast affine projection - compared to the APA in a subband echo canceller application.
A collision model for a large number of particles with significantly different sizes

A collision model, modified from the Smoluchowski model, is developed for simulating coagulation and growth of a large number of aerosol particles with significantly different sizes. In this collision model, the particle-size distribution is discretized in volume bins, and the total mass among all the bins is conserved. In situations with significantly different particle sizes, the present model reduces the number of bins compared with the previous models, thus reducing the computational cost. By comparing the results of the present model with the exact solution of Smoluchowski's original model, the accuracy of the solution is not sacrificed. Therefore, this model enables the real-time simulation of three-dimensional, two-phase flow when flow/particle interactions need to be considered. After implementation with a flow solver, the model is further validated with the data from a smoke-reduction experiment in a room-scale chamber using flow-injected nanoparticle aggregates.
Effects of Phacoemulsification Versus Combined Phaco-trabeculectomy on Drainage Angle Status in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

PurposeTo document anatomic effects of phacoemulsification versus combined phaco-trabeculectomy on drainage angle in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). MethodsIndentation gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed preoperatively, and then at 1 year after phacoemulsification alone or combined phaco-trabeculectomy in PACG patients. ResultsSeventy-two PACG eyes of 72 patients were included in this study. Thirty-eight eyes were randomized into receiving phacoemulsification alone, whereas 34 eyes had combined phaco-trabeculectomy. The mean extent of synechial angle closure was significantly reduced from 266.4° to 198.9° (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification alone, and from 266.0° to 227.2° (P=0.03) by combined surgery. The mean angle opening distance (AOD 500) measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy was significantly increased from 208.0 to 468.0 μm (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification, and from 214.6 to 344.4 μm (P<0.001) by combined surgery. The mean trabecular-ciliary process distance was significantly increased from 824.6 to 1043.6 μm (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification, and from 800.9 to 951.5 μm (P=0.01) by combined surgery. The mean anterior chamber depth was significantly increased from 1798.6 to 3528.4 μm (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification alone, and from 1781.6 to 3297.8 μm (P<0.001) by combined surgery. Phacoemulsification alone resulted in significantly greater postoperative angle opening distance 500 (P<0.001) and anterior chamber depth (P<0.001) than phaco-trabeculectomy. ConclusionsPhacoemulsification alone resulted in greater opening of drainage angle and greater deepening of anterior chamber than combined phaco-trabeculectomy in PACG eyes. SynopsisPhacoemulsification alone resulted in greater opening of drainage angle and greater deepening of anterior chamber than combined phaco-trabeculectomy in PACG eyes.
Development of Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Guideline Rating the Physical Impairment: Lower Extremities

Lower Extremities Committee of Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Guideline for Impairment Rating develops new guidelines which are based on McBride method, American Medical Association Guides, Disability evaluation by The Korean Orthopaedic Association, The Korean Neurosurgery Society, and Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine. The committee analyzed and discussed to create an ideal method practical in Korea. Our committee endeavors to develop new methods which are easy to use, but are suitable for professional use and also independent from the examinee's intentions. The lower extremities are evaluated on the basis of anatomic change, functional change, and diagnosis based evaluation. Nine methods are used to assess the lower extremities. Anatomic assessment includes leg length discrepancy, ankylosis, amputation, skin loss, peripheral nerve injury, and vascular disease. In functional assessment, range of motion and muscle strength are included. Diagnosis-based assessments are used to evaluate impairment caused by specific fractures, deformities, ligament instability, meniscectomies, post-traumatic arthritis, fusion of the foot, and lower extremity joint replacements.
Developmental Changes in the Subcellular Localization of Calretinin

Brainstem auditory neurons in the chick nucleus magnocellularis (NM) express high levels of the neuron-specific calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR). CR has heretofore been considered a diffusible calcium buffer that is dispersed uniformly throughout the cytosol. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy and complementary biochemical analyses, we have found that during the development of NM neurons, CR changes from being expressed diffusely at low concentrations to being highly concentrated beneath the plasma membrane. This shift in CR localization occurs at the same time as the onset of spontaneous activity, synaptic transmission, and synapse refinement in NM. In the chick brainstem auditory pathway, this subcellular localization appears to occur only in NM neurons and only with respect to CR, because calmodulin remains diffusely expressed in NM. Biochemical analyses show the association of calretinin with the membrane is detergent-soluble and calcium-independent. Because these are highly active neurons with a large number of Ca2+-permeable synaptic AMPA receptors, we hypothesize that localization of CR beneath the plasma membrane is an adaptation to spatially restrict the calcium influxes.
Sleep spindles and rapid eye movement sleep as predictors of next morning cognitive performance in healthy middle‐aged and older participants

Spindles and slow waves are hallmarks of non‐rapid eye movement sleep. Both these oscillations are markers of neuronal plasticity, and play a role in memory and cognition. Normal ageing is associated with spindle and slow wave decline and cognitive changes. The present study aimed to assess whether spindle and slow wave characteristics during a baseline night predict cognitive performance in healthy older adults the next morning. Specifically, we examined performance on tasks measuring selective and sustained visual attention, declarative verbal memory, working memory and verbal fluency. Fifty‐eight healthy middle‐aged and older adults (aged 50–91 years) without sleep disorders underwent baseline polysomnographic sleep recording followed by neuropsychological assessment the next morning. Spindles and slow waves were detected automatically on artefact‐free non‐rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalogram. All‐night stage N2 spindle density (no./min) and mean frequency (Hz) and all‐night non‐rapid eye movement sleep slow wave density (no./min) and mean slope (μV/s) were analysed. Pearson's correlations were performed between spindles, slow waves, polysomnography and cognitive performance. Higher spindle density predicted better performance on verbal learning, visual attention and verbal fluency, whereas spindle frequency and slow wave density or slope predicted fewer cognitive performance variables. In addition, rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with better verbal learning potential. These results suggest that spindle density is a marker of cognitive functioning in older adults and may reflect neuroanatomic integrity. Rapid eye movement sleep may be a marker of age‐related changes in acetylcholine transmission, which plays a role in new information encoding.