Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles

Large earthquakes can construct mountainous topography by inducing rock uplift but also erode mountains by causing landslides. Observations following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake show that landslide volumes in some cases match seismically induced uplift, raising questions about how the actions of individual earthquakes accumulate to build topography. Here we model the two‐dimensional surface displacement field generated over a full earthquake cycle accounting for coseismic deformation, postseismic relaxation, landslide erosion, and erosion‐induced isostatic compensation. We explore the related volume balance across different seismotectonic and topographic conditions and revisit the Wenchuan case in this context. The ratio (Ω) between landslide erosion and uplift is most sensitive to parameters determining landslide volumes (particularly earthquake magnitude Mw, seismic energy source depth, and failure susceptibility, as well as the seismological factor responsible for triggering landslides), and is moderately sensitive to the effective elastic thickness of lithosphere, Te. For a specified magnitude, more erosive events (higher Ω) tend to occur at shallower depth, in thicker‐Te lithosphere, and in steeper, more landslide‐prone landscapes. For given landscape and seismotectonic conditions, the volumes of both landslides and uplift to first order positively scale with Mw and seismic moment Mo. However, higher Mw earthquakes generate lower landslide and uplift volumes per unit Mo, suggesting lower efficiency in the use of seismic energy to drive topographic change. With our model, we calculate the long‐term average seismic volume balance for the eastern Tibetan region and find that the net topographic effect of earthquakes in this region tends to be constructive rather than erosive. Overall, destructive events are rare when considering processes over the full earthquake cycle, although they are more likely if only considering the coseismic volume budget (as was the case for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake where landsliding substantially offset coseismic uplift). Irrespective of the net budget, our results suggest that the erosive power of earthquakes plays an important role in mountain belt evolution, including by influencing structures and spatial patterns of deformation, for example affecting the wavelength of topography.
Effect of rotavirus vaccine on Sapporo virus gastroenteritis in Finnish infants.

BACKGROUND Sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) occur worldwide, but there is limited information about the SLV-associated gastroenteritis outside Japan. METHODS Stool specimens from 1,432 episodes of gastroenteritis that occurred in children between 2 months and 2 years of age during a rotavirus vaccine trial (776 episodes in placebo-vaccinated and 656 in rotavirus-vaccinated infants) were examined for SLVs using a reverse transcription-PCR assay. The reverse transcription-PCR took advantage of new primers specific for Sapporo virus genetic clusters I, II and III; SV/SV82 (SV/Sapporo virus 82); SV/Lond92 (SV/ London 92); and SV/PV (Parkville virus). RESULTS SLVs were detected in association with 132 (9.2%) of all episodes; in 80 (5.6%) episodes SLV was the only gastroenteritis virus detected. The epidemic season of SLVs peaked from March to May concurrently with rotaviruses and astroviruses and overlapping withNorwalk-like viruses. Clinically SLV gastroenteritis was characterized by a mild diarrheal disease, being sharply different from the Norwalk-like virus-associated "winter vomiting disease. " Rotavirus vaccination did not have any effect on the number of SLV episodes, but the intensity and duration of SLV-associated diarrhea were reduced in rotavirus-vaccinated children compared with placebo-vaccinated children (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS SLVs are common causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in young Finnish children. SLV disease is characterized by diarrhea, which is usually mild but can be severe. By an unknown mechanism rotavirus vaccine seems to reduce the severity of SLV-associated diarrhea.
An Evaluation of Perceived Health Risk and Depressive Symptoms Before a Disaster in Predicting Postdisaster Inflammation

Objective Exposure to major life stressors is associated with subsequent enhanced inflammation-related disease processes. Depressive symptoms exacerbate stress-induced inflammatory responses. Moreover, those who report a high degree of perceived health risk before being exposed to a major life stressor such as a disaster are at risk for poor health outcomes. The present study examined whether perceived health risk and depressive symptoms before a disaster were associated with postdisaster inflammation markers. Methods The sample included 124 participants (mean [standard deviation] age = 55 [16] years; 69% women). At a baseline visit, participants completed self-report measures of perceived health risk and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) in addition to a blood draw for the assessment of inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and interleukin 6). All participants lived near a large petrochemical complex where an unexpected explosion occurred. A second blood sample was obtained 2 to 6 months after the explosion. Results No significant differences in inflammation markers were found between predisaster and postdisaster assessment (p > .21). An interaction between predisaster perceived health risk and depressive symptoms in predicting postdisaster circulating inflammation markers was identified (Cohen f2 = 0.051). Specifically, predisaster perceived health risk was associated with postdisaster circulating inflammation markers if predisaster depressive symptoms were greater than 8.10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Conclusions These findings add to our understanding of the complex interactions between stress, depression, and immune responses. Indeed, findings provide a potential mechanism (i.e., inflammation) explaining the association between exposure to major life stressors and negative mental and physical health outcomes.
Insight Into N/PBTI Mechanisms in Sub-1-nm-EOT Devices

New insights into the negative/positive bias temperature instability (N/PBTI) degradation mechanisms in the sub-1-nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) regime are presented in this paper. The electric field requirements suggested by the International Roadmap for Semiconductors demand an even higher value in the sub-1-nm-EOT regime, which is practically difficult to meet with the increased hole trapping mechanism involved. Thus, a fixed electric field target of 5 MV/cm is considered as well here, which might be a reasonable target to achieve. The sub-1-nm-EOT devices in this paper are obtained by adopting a thinner TiN metal gate inducing Si in-diffusion and reducing the interfacial oxide layer thickness. NBTI degradation follows an isoelectric field model in over an EOT of 1 nm due to the degradation mechanism of Si/SiO_2 interface state generation combined with a hole trapping mechanism. However, in the sub-1-nm-EOT regime, the probability of hole trapping into the gate dielectric increases, and it is strongly dependent on the thickness of the interfacial oxide layer. Several experimental proofs of this increased bulk defect effect are shown in this paper. In addition, the bulk defect affecting NBTI is shown to be mostly a preexisting defect, although the permanently generated defects are relatively higher in sub-1-nm-EOT devices. Therefore, NBTI in the sub-1-nm-EOT regime faces the lifetime limit by both electric field dependence and increased degradation by increased hole trapping into bulk defects. Further, we found a minimum interfacial layer thickness of 0.4 nm that is required to prevent the accelerated NBTI degradation by increased direct tunneling. The main degradation mechanism of PBTI in sub-1-nm EOT is the electron trapping into bulk defects, which is the same as in over 1-nm-EOT devices. This enables us to modulate the bulk defect energetic locations in the oxide and to improve PBTI.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma of bone

Ifosfamide (IF) alone or combined with etoposide (ET) was reported to be effective in the treatment of patients with Ewing's sarcoma who relapsed after treatment with the VACA regimen, which consisted of vincristine (VC), actinomycin (AC), cyclophosphamide (CP), and doxorubicin (AD). The purpose of this article is to report the results achieved in a new neoadjuvant protocol in which IF and ET were added to the conventional VACA regimen and administered to patients with localized disease.
Scaling laws in X-ray galaxy clusters at redshift between 0.4 and 1.3

We present a study of the integrated physical properties of a sample of 28 X-ray galaxy clusters observed with Chandra at a redshift between 0.4 and 1.3. In particular, we have twelve objects in the redshift range 0.4–0.6, five between 0.6 and 0.8, seven between 0.8 and 1 and four at $z>1.0$, compounding the largest sample available for such a study. We focus particularly on the properties and evolution of the X-ray scaling laws. We fit both a single and a double $\beta-$model with the former which provides a good representation of the observed surface brightness profiles, indicating that these clusters do not show any significant excess in their central brightness. By using the best-fit parameters of the $\beta-$model together with the measured emission-weighted temperature (in the range 3–11 keV), we recover gas luminosity, gas mass and total gravitating mass out to R 500 . We observe scaling relations steeper than expected from the self-similar model by a significant (>$3 \sigma$) amount in the $L-T$ and $M_{\rm gas}-T$ relations and by a marginal value in the $M_{\rm tot}-T$ and $L-M_{\rm tot}$ relations. The degree of evolution of the $M_{\rm tot}-T$ relation is found to be consistent with the expectation based on the hydrostatic equilibrium for gas within virialized dark matter halos. We detect hints of negative evolution in the $L-T$, $M_{\rm gas}-T$ and $L-M_{\rm tot}$ relations, thus suggesting that systems at higher redshift have lower X-ray luminosity and gas mass for fixed temperature. In particular, when the 16 clusters at $z>0.6$ are considered, the evolution becomes more evident and its power-law modelization is a statistically good description of the data. In this subsample, we also find significant evidence for positive evolution, such as $(1\,+\,z)^{0.3}$, in the $E_z^{4/3} S - T$ relation, where the entropy S is defined as $T/n_{\rm gas}^{2/3}$ and is measured at 0.1$\,R_{200}$. Such results point toward a scenario in which a relatively lower gas density is present in high-redshift objects, thus implying a suppressed X-ray emission, a smaller amount of gas mass and a higher entropy level. This represents a non-trivial constraint for models aiming at explaining the thermal history of the intra-cluster medium out to the highest redshift reached so far.
Opportunities for prevention of golfing injuries

Injury surveillance is the first stage of sports injury prevention research (Van Mechelen et al. 1992). To describe the more severe injuries sustained during sporting activities, emergency department presentation data are useful and effective (Finch et al. 1998). Participation rates for organized sports and physical activities in Australia show golf to be the third highest participation sport (behind swimming and aerobics) amongst all Australians (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000). The popularity of golf could reflect the absence of age or gender limitations associated with participation (Sherman and Finch 2000). Only two prior studies have described golfing injuries presenting to hospital emergency departments (Wilks and Jones 1996, Finch et al. 1998). Whilst these studies provide a broad overview of golf-related injuries requiring presentation to hospital emergency departments, the information reported is insufficient for guiding injury prevention research due to combining of mechanisms and nature of injury data, and the fact that they were conducted many years ago. The aim of this study was to describe the injuries associated with golf participation resulting in presentation to an emergency department over a 5-year period. The findings can then be used to highlight potential injury prevention strategies to reduce the number of injuries requiring treatment in this setting.
Impact of Inclusion Teachers' Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Self-Efficacy on the Mathematics Achievement of Learning Disabled Students

Impact of Inclusion Teachers’ Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Self-Efficacy on the Mathematics Achievement of Learning Disabled Students by Vladimir Sylne MA, New Jersey City University, 2008 BS, New Jersey City University, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy K-12 Educational Leadership Walden University November 2015
Tumor specific gene expression profiles in human leiomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcomas are malignant smooth muscle tumors characterized by a spectrum of histopathologic features and clinical behavior. Gene expression profiling of leiomyosarcomas may identify differential gene signatures that may allow for the clinical stratification of the tumors. Typically, surgical specimens from these tumors are large and manifest a variegated macroscopic appearance. Because of their large size at the time of diagnosis, sufficient tissue is available for regional and clonal heterogeneity assessment. However, if the gene expression profiles of samples taken from different locations in the tumors are drastically different, biologic classification on the basis of random sample analysis may not be adequate. Therefore, to assess intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, the authors performed a gene expression study using leiomyosarcoma specimens from three excised sarcomas from an equal number of different patients. Comparisons between tumor and normal samples from the three patients as well as between carefully mapped peripheral and core specimens from the same tumor (excised from one of the patients), were performed. Analysis of the expression profiles demonstrated minimal intratumor variations compared with intertissue variations, indicating homogeneous tumor specific gene expression profiles. The authors also identified genes that are expressed differentially in tumor and normal tissue. Cancer 2002;94:2069–75. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
The Informal Politics of Legislation

This article investigates a widespread yet understudied trend in EU politics: the shift of legislative decision making from public inclusive to informal secluded arenas and the subsequent adoption of legislation as “early agreements. ” Since its introduction in 1999, “fast-track legislation” has increased dramatically, accounting for 72% of codecision files in the Sixth European Parliament. Drawing from functionalist institutionalism, distributive bargaining theory, and sociological institutionalism, this article explains under what conditions informal decision making is likely to occur. The authors test their hypotheses on an original data set of all 797 codecision files negotiated between mid-1999 and mid-2009. Their analysis suggests that fast-track legislation is systematically related to the number of participants, legislative workload, and complexity. These findings back a functionalist argument, emphasizing the transaction costs of intraorganizational coordination and information gathering. However, redistributive and salient acts are regularly decided informally, and the Council presidency’s priorities have no significant effect on fast-track legislation. Hence, the authors cannot confirm explanations based on issue properties or actors’ privileged institutional positions. Finally, they find a strong effect for the time fast-track legislation has been used, suggesting socialization into interorganizational norms of cooperation.
Discplacing identity – placing aesthetics: early childhood literacy in a globalized world

ABSTRACT ‘How to give brain and body to the multiple pack that we already are or are becoming: how, in other words, are we to make sensible (auditory, visually and affectively) the time before “I think” and “We think” that we cannot plan, control or know, but simply experiment with, which is the “time of the city” and nothing else? ’ (Rajchman, 2010, p. 39) These powerful words constitute the starting point for this article that argues that, within the context of early childhood literacy in a globalized and ‘multicultural’ world, we need to experiment with new ways of understanding identity and language through amalgamating early childhood pedagogy and didactics with aesthetics. Such an endeavour needs to take place beyond ‘the indignity of speaking for the other’ (Deleuze, 2004, p. 208) and beyond the constructed categories that have been attributed to children in the name of one or another minority group. Through vivid examples and theoretical movements taking place within the research project ‘The Magic of Language’ we propose to shift focus – from the identifying and categorizing of individuals, as well as from the epistemological violence performed in the name of recognition and linguistic representation – to aesthetic experimentation and to the place of experiments. A ‘time of the city’ is also a ‘time of the place’ and in this article we are arguing for the importance of aesthetic experimenting with that place.
A 239–281 GHz CMOS Receiver With On-Chip Circular-Polarized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna for Sub-Terahertz Imaging

A 239-281 GHz sub-THz imager with circular- polarize d substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) antenna is demonstrated in CMOS 65 nm process with high spectrum resolution and high sensitivity for sub-THz spectroscopy imaging system with consideration of depolarization effects. The sub-THz imager is a receiver that consists of a circular polarized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna, down-conversion mixer and power gain amplifier (PGA). The proposed receiver is measured with -2 dBi conversion gain over 42 GHz bandwidth, -54.4 dBm sensitivity at 100 MHz detection resolution bandwidth, 6.6 mW power consumption and 0.99 mm2 chip area. Moreover, frequency dependent sub-THz images are demonstrated by the proposed receiver.
Use of chlortetracycline for treatment of new feedlot cattle.

Two 56-d shipping fever trials of similar design were conducted the same season (fall) at Kansas State University (KSU) and at Purdue University (PU) to compare various levels of chlortetracycline (0 or 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or 1, 2 or 4 g X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d). Weanling crossbred steer calves were utilized (210 head of Angus X Simmental, averaging 197 kg, at KSU; 268 head of Angus X Hereford, averaging 192 kg, at PU). For the first 28 d in the KSU trial (October 13 to December 8), cattle that received 4 g X head-1 X d-1 the first 14 d gained more rapidly (P less than .05) than cattle fed 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or than the controls that received no chlortetracycline (CTC; 1.05 vs .92 or .93 kg/d, respectively). Cattle that received 4 g CTC X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d required less (P less than .05) dry matter per kg gain than steers that received 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously over the 56-d period. In the PU trial (October 6 through December 1), all CTC treatments resulted in increased feed efficiency (P less than .05) over the controls through 28 d, and the 4 g X head-1 d-1 for 14 d and 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously, improved feed efficiency over the other groups for the 56-d period. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Humanoid robot upper body motion generation using B-spline-based functions

SUMMARY This paper aims to represent a human's upper body motion using a humanoid robot. As a robot has different physical limitations than a human, we present a method that can filter the trajectories to meet the limitations. The filtering can be used directly and also can be used as a constraint for optimization. It will be shown to be applicable both offline and online. Many physical attributes, namely angle, collision, velocity, and dynamic torque, are represented as B-spline explicit functions. The B-spline coefficients are then calculated to limit the physical attributes. This explicit method can guarantee that many limits are met. Hence, it is better than many methods that only reduce such physical attributes using objective functions.
Exploring Factors that Predict Preservice Teachers’ Intentions to Use Web 2.0 Technologies Using Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract This study investigated factors that predict preservice teachers’ intentions to use Web 2.0 technologies in their future classrooms. The researchers used a mixed-methods research design and collected qualitative interview data (n = 7) to triangulate quantitative survey data (n = 286). Results indicate that positive attitudes and perceptions of perceived usefulness are significant predictors of preservice teachers’ intentions to use Web 2.0 technologies. Additional findings indicate that preservice teachers intend to use blogs, wikis, and social networking in their future classrooms to improve student learning, student-student and student-teacher interaction, collaborative learning, student writing ability, and sharing content knowledge. Although preservice teachers intend to use Web 2.0 technologies due to these pedagogical benefits, they believe that successful use of Web 2.0 depends on the meaningful integration of these technologies with the subject being taught, learning goals, and age level of their students. This study has implications for teacher educators who are preparing preservice teachers to use Web 2.0 technologies in their classrooms.
Theory of Deep Learning IIb: Optimization Properties of SGD

In Theory IIb we characterize with a mix of theory and experiments the optimization of deep convolutional networks by Stochastic Gradient Descent. The main new result in this paper is theoretical and experimental evidence for the following conjecture about SGD: SGD concentrates in probability -- like the classical Langevin equation -- on large volume, "flat" minima, selecting flat minimizers which are with very high probability also global minimizers
Tuberculosis screening at 2 San Diego high schools with high-risk populations.

BACKGROUND High immigration rates contribute to the high incidence of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in San Diego, Calif. Adolescents frequently have poor access to health care and may not receive appropriate TB screening. School-based screening has been ineffective in detecting TB in other parts of the country. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of TB infection and disease in a high-risk population of high school students through school-based screening. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study of TB prevalence and an analysis of risk factors for TB infection in students attending 2 San Diego high schools with high percentages of non-US-born students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Positive induration (> or =10 mm) with Mantoux tuberculin skin test. A chest radiograph or clinical findings consistent with active TB. RESULTS A total of 744 (36%) students at high school 1 and 860 (57%) students at high school 2 participated. Ninety-five (12.8%) and 207 (24.1%) students, respectively, had positive tuberculin skin test results. One student had a chest radiograph that showed active TB. Smear for acid-fast bacteria and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis had negative results. Vietnamese, Filipino, and Latino ethnic groups were significantly more likely to have positive tuberculin skin test results than the white population (P<.05). Non-US-born students were significantly more likely to have positive tuberculin skin test results than US-born students in all ethnic groups except the Latino group. CONCLUSION Although treatment of TB coupled with aggressive public health investigation is the most cost-beneficial way of preventing TB, targeted school-based screening may be an effective way of detecting TB infection in high-risk populations with poor access to health care.