Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Patients according to Family History of Diabetes

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component, and its prevalence is notably increased in the family members of T2DM patients. However, there are few studies about the family history of T2DM. We carried out this study to assess the influences of family history on clinical characteristics in T2DM patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving 651 T2DM patients. Patient history and physical examination were performed and fasting blood was taken. If any first degree relative was diabetic, a family history of diabetes was considered to exist. Results Among the total 621 patients, 38.4% had a family history of diabetes. Patients with a family history had a younger age, higher weight, younger age at diagnosis and higher triglyceride level than did those without a family history. Dyslipidemia medication and metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in familial diabetes. Sex, blood pressure, previous treatment for diabetes, HbA1c, C-peptide, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were not different between familial and non-familial diabetes. Upon multiple linear regression analysis, the family history of diabetes remained significantly associated with serum triglyceride level. Conclusion In T2DM patients with a family history of diabetes, the disease tended to develop earlier. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors are more prevalent in familial T2DM than they were in non-familial T2DM. These results support the necessity of earlier screening for diabetes in family members of T2DM patients and more active prevention against cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients with a family history.
Environmental filtering of dense‐wooded species controls above‐ground biomass stored in African moist forests

1. Regional above‐ground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests remain highly inaccurate mostly because they are based on extrapolations from a few plots scattered across a limited range of soils and other environmental conditions. When such conditions impact biomass, the estimation is biased. The effect of soil types on biomass has especially yielded controversial results.
The Anthropology of Leadership: Culture and Corporate Leadership in the American South

This article attempts to make sense of some of the unique cultural qualities of the American South as they manifest themselves in the leadership dynamics of three Southern firms. Two private, family-owned and managed firms, and one public (S&P 500) bank are examined in their relationship with the larger cultural structures of the American South. A combination of ethnographic and documentary research is used to articulate a ‘cultural theory of leadership’, which is premised on the idea that the leaders of these firms derive their leadership legitimacy and power from being both ‘local’ and ‘global’ at the same time. It is suggested here that leadership capital is drawn more from the elements of the region’s culture - religion, social capital, gender and class identity and so on - than it is from individual personality or firm history.
A Computational Model for the Data Compression Metaphor

Although it is often noted that the process of data compression forms an illuminating metaphor for concept learning mechanisms, the computational basis of the metaphor is not usually made explicit. In this paper, an algorithm is described which implements climbing-tree inductive gener-alisation as a form of clustering process. The algorithm is correctly clas-siied as a generalised data compression algorithm; it therefore provides a plausible model for the data compression metaphor.
What We Discovered about NHRD and What it Means for HRD

The problem and the solution. This issue was initiated to discover how human resource development (HRD) was being used as national policy in various countries throughout the world and what the findings would mean to our understanding of HRD. As suggested in recent exploratory research, the concept of HRD as national policy is a reality throughout the world. As we continue to explore HRD in our coursework and research, the articles in this issue will require us to think more expansively about what HRD is and how we need to partner with many other change agents to be successful in our national human resource development (NHRD) efforts.
A framework for simultaneous localization and mapping utilizing model structure

This contribution aims at unifying two trends in applied particle filtering (PF). The first trend is the major impact in simultaneous localization and mapping (slam) applications, utilizing the FastSLAM algorithm. The second one is the implications of the marginalized particle filter (MPF) or the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) in positioning and tracking applications. An algorithm is introduced, which merges FastSLAM and MPF, and the result is an MPF algorithm for slam applications, where state vectors of higher dimensions can be used. Results using experimental data from a 3D slam development environment, fusing measurements from inertial sensors (accelerometer and gyro) and vision are presented.
Learning a discriminative hidden part model for human action recognition

We present a discriminative part-based approach for human action recognition from video sequences using motion features. Our model is based on the recently proposed hidden conditional random field (hCRF) for object recognition. Similar to hCRF for object recognition, we model a human action by a flexible constellation of parts conditioned on image observations. Different from object recognition, our model combines both large-scale global features and local patch features to distinguish various actions. Our experimental results show that our model is comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches in action recognition. In particular, our experimental results demonstrate that combining large-scale global features and local patch features performs significantly better than directly applying hCRF on local patches alone.
Detecting objects in large image collections and videos by efficient subimage retrieval

We study the task of detecting the occurrence of objects in large image collections or in videos, a problem that combines aspects of content based image retrieval and object localization. While most previous approaches are either limited to special kinds of queries, or do not scale to large image sets, we propose a new method, efficient subimage retrieval (ESR), that is at the same time very flexible and very efficient. Relying on a two-layered branch-and-bound setup, ESR performs object-based image retrieval in sets of 100,000 or more images within seconds. An extensive evaluation on several datasets shows that ESR is not only very fast, but it also achieves excellent detection accuracies thereby improving over previous systems for object-based image retrieval.
Multi-rate throughput optimization for wireless local area network anomaly problem

Due to varying wireless channel conditions, the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard supports multiple modulation types to accommodate the tradeoff between data rate and bit error rate. In Heusse(2003), Rousseau, Berger-Sabbatel and Duda theoretically analyzed a performance anomaly when multi-rate stations with different modulation types exist in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. The performance anomaly is: the aggregate throughput of those stations transmitting at a higher data rate will dramatically degrade below the same level as that of those stations transmitting at a lower data rate. In this paper, we address the anomaly problem and formulate a nonlinear mixed integer programming problem to maximize the total aggregate throughput of all stations subject to that the channel occupancy times among the stations transmitting at different data rates are kept at a fairness ratio. With its aid, a single-hop WLAN can dynamically accommodate the resource access usage to maximize the system throughput in varying fading environments. We prove that the optimization problem is intractable and propose a heuristic solution based on a penalty function with gradient-based approach to solve it. We show the effectiveness of the approach via computational experiments and provide some useful guidelines to regulate the parameters needed for the approach.
Scaling of Power Output in Fast Muscle Fibres of the Atlantic Cod During Cyclical Contractions

Fast muscle fibres were isolated from abdominal myotomes of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) ranging in size from 10 to 63 cm standard length ( L s ). Muscle fibres were subjected to sinusoidal length changes about their resting length ( L f ) and stimulated at a selected phase of the strain cycle. The work performed in each oscillatory cycle was calculated from plots of force against muscle length, the area of the resulting loop being net work. Strain and the number and timing of stimuli were adjusted to maximise positive work per cycle over a range of cycle frequencies at 8°C. Force, and hence power output, declined with increasing cycles of oscillation until reaching a steady state around the ninth cycle. The strain required for maximum power output ( W max ) was ±7-11% of L f in fish shorter than 18 cm standard length, but decreased to ±5 % of L f in larger fish. The cycle frequency required for W max also declined with increasing fish length, scaling to L s −0.51 under steady-state conditions (cycles 9–12). At the optimum cycle frequency and strain the maximum contraction velocity scaled to L s −0.79 . The maximum stress ( P max ) produced within a cycle was highest in the second cycle, ranging from 51.3 kPa in 10 cm fish to 81.8 kPa in 60 cm fish ( P max =28.2 L s 0.25 ). Under steady-state conditions the maximum power output per kilogram wet muscle mass was found to range from 27.5 W in a 10 cm L s cod to 16.4 W in a 60 cm L s cod, scaling with L s −0.29 and body mass ( M b ) −0.10 Note: To whom reprint requests should be sent
Outcome of Early Neurological Rehabilitation Patients Colonized with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria

Colonization with multidrug-resistant germs, in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum betalactamase producing bacteria (ESBL), is an emerging threat in early neurological rehabilitation. This study examined whether colonization with ESBL bacteria had deteriorating effects on neurological rehabilitation patients because of contact precautions (CP). Medical records have been carefully reviewed with respect to colonization with ESBL, outcome variables (functional independence), morbidity, and length of stay (LOS). 148/643 (23.0%) patients were ESBL positive on admission. ESBL carriers had a significantly longer LOS in early neurological rehabilitation (67.5 (42.0) vs. 25.8 (24.5), p < 0.001), worse functional status on admission (Barthel Index (BI) 13.0 (5.8) vs. 25.6 (24.1), p < 0.001), worse Glasgow Coma Scale (9.7 (3.8) vs. 12.0 (3.3), p < 0.001), worse Coma Remission Scale (9.5 (6.4) vs. 14.0 (6.8), p = 0.001), more codiagnoses (18.8 (5.1) vs. 13.3 (5.5), p < 0.001), and higher Patient Clinical Complexity Levels (PCCL). The outcome was significantly worse among ESBL positive patients (BI 28.2 (21.7) vs. 47.4 (31.0), p < 0.001; Early Rehabilitation Index -43.0 (51.7) vs. -26.0 (35.4), p < 0.001). ESBL patients had the same amount of therapy per day (136.2 (20.2) vs. 140.2 (18.7) min/day, n.s. ), but the overall sum was significantly larger in the ESBL group due to longer LOS (p < 0.001). Mortality of both groups was comparable (3.8% vs. 4.1%). 54.3% of ESBL negative patients were discharged to home, but only 34.5% of ESBL colonized. 48% of ESBL positive patients were discharged to a nursing home, but only 25.1% of the ESBL free patients. Functional recovery of ESBL carriers undergoing neurological early rehabilitation is worse than that of patients without multidrug-resistant germs. Poorer outcome is not resulting from less therapy due to CP, but from functional status and higher morbidity on admission.
Eigenvalue Estimation of Parameterized Covariance Matrices of Large Dimensional Data

This article deals with the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of a series of independent multivariate observations, in the case where the dimension of each observation is of the same order as the number of observations. Although such a regime is of interest for many current statistical signal processing and wireless communication issues, traditional methods fail to produce consistent estimators and only recently results relying on large random matrix theory have been unveiled. In this paper, we develop the parametric framework proposed by Mestre, and consider a model where the covariance matrix to be estimated has a (known) finite number of eigenvalues, each of it with an unknown multiplicity. The main contributions of this work are essentially threefold with respect to existing results, and in particular to Mestre's work: To relax the (restrictive) separability assumption, to provide joint consistent estimates for the eigenvalues and their multiplicities, and to study the variance error by means of a Central Limit Theorem.
CSE 254 Project : Edge filter structure in sparse representations learnt from natural and non-natural images

In many deep learning/sparse coding papers involving images, it is a common trend that patterns resembling Gabor filters/edge filters are usually present in the learnt bases. In this project, we investigate whether various sparse learning models are able to learn edge filter bases for sparse representation of both natural and non-natural images. Experiments are also conducted for each of the three models to investigate the effect of edge filter-like structure on reconstruction and classification performance.
Opportunity, Preference and Constraint: an Approach to the Analysis of Metropolitan Migration

The paper aims to consider how the fragmentation in the literature on migration may be overcome and to develop an integrated model of migration which can be applied to all types of population flow in the London metropolitan region. The need for such an approach follows from the complexity of flows observed at the 112-zone level of disaggregation as well as the unresolved problems of the literature. Despite this catholicity of aim the theoretical basis of the model is essentially economic, drawing on aspects of human capital, and search and spatial choice theories with an emphasis on the interaction between three concepts, opportunities, preference and constraints, in determining observed levels of migration.
Convolutional Networks with Adaptive Computation Graphs

Do convolutional networks really need a fixed feed-forward structure? Often, a neural network is already confident after a few layers about the high-level concept shown in the image. However, due to the fixed network structure, all remaining layers still need to be evaluated. What if the network could jump right to a layer that is specialized in fine-grained differences of the image's content? In this work, we propose Adanets, a family of convolutional networks with adaptive computation graphs. Following a high-level structure similar to residual networks (Resnets), the key difference is that for each layer a gating function determines whether to execute the layer or move on to the next one. In experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet we demonstrate that Adanets efficiently allocate computational budget among layers and learn distinct layers specializing in similar categories. Adanet 50 achieves a top 5 error rate of 7.94% on ImageNet using 30% fewer computations than Resnet 34, which only achieves 8.58%. Lastly, we study the effect of adaptive computation graphs on the susceptibility towards adversarial examples. We observe that Adanets show a higher robustness towards adversarial attacks, complementing other defenses such as JPEG compression.
Considering heteroglossia in language and development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Countries throughout the Sub-Saharan (SSA) region have a complex linguistic heritage having their origins in opportunistic boundary changes effected by Western colonial powers at the Berlin Conference 1884–1885. Postcolonial language-in-education policies valorizing ex-colonial languages have contributed at least in part to underachievement in education and thus the underdevelopment of human resources in SSA countries. This situation is not likely to improve whilst unresolved questions concerning the choice of language(s) that would best support social and economic development remain. Whilst policy attempts to develop local languages have been discussed within the framework of the African Union, and some countries have experimented with models of multilingual education during the past decade, the goalposts have already changed as a result of migration and trade. This article argues that language policy makers need to be cognizant of changing language ecologies and their relationship with emerging linguistic and economic markets. The concept of language, within such a framework, has to be viewed in relation to the multiplicity of language markets within the shifting landscapes of people, culture, economics and the geo-politics of the 21st century. Whilst, on the one hand, this refers to the hegemony of dominant powerful languages and the social relations of disempowerment, on the other hand, it also refers to existing and evolving social spaces and local language capabilities and choices. Within this framework the article argues that socially constructed dominant macro language markets need to be viewed also in relation to other, self-defined, community meso- and individual micro-language markets and their possibilities for social, economic and political development. It is through pursuing this argument that this article assesses the validity of Omoniyi's argument in this issue, for the need to focus on the concept of language capital within multilingual contexts in the SSA region as compared to Bourdieu's concept of linguistic capital.
Challenges, controversies, and hot topics in pulmonary embolism imaging.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to discuss the diagnostic role of pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) in the workup of pulmonary embolism (PE), including specific populations, and issues such as pulmonary CTA combined with indirect CT venography; radiation dose considerations; the management of isolated subsegmental PE; and new technologic developments, such as dual-source/dual-energy pulmonary CTA. CONCLUSION The role of pulmonary CTA will continue to grow with the emergence of MDCT and dual-energy CT and their improved capabilities. However, the need for any given CT examination should always be justified on the basis of the individual patient's benefits and risks.
Winning and Giving: Football Results and Alumni Giving at Selective Private Colleges and Universities

Objective. Our central question is how changes in an institution's football success affect giving behavior. Also, we consider whether former varsity athletes are more or less sensitive in their giving behavior than other alumni to the competitive success of their school and whether such effects differ by type of institution. Methods. Using micro data from 15 academically selective private colleges and universities, the analysis presents fixed‐effects estimates of how football winning percentages affect giving behavior. Results. General giving rates are unaffected by won‐lost records at the high‐profile Division IA schools and at the Ivy League schools. Increases in winning percentages yield modest positive increases in giving rates, particularly among former atheletes, at the lower‐profile Division III liberal arts colleges. Conclusions. While there is a modest positive effect at Division III colleges, our results do not support the notion that winning and giving go hand‐in‐hand at the selective private universities that play big‐time football.
"The Foreign Language Classroom is Like an Airplane" Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Teachers’ Beliefs

Abstract Drawing on constructivist perspectives, this study aimed to investigate the tacit knowledge of pre-service English teachers regarding the foreign language classroom by discovering their belief systems mainly through a metaphor analysis. The participants consisted of two pre-service teachers, who enrolled in a practicum class of a one-year intensive teaching certificate course offered at an English-medium foundation university located in Istanbul, Turkey, during the spring semester of 2012-2013 academic year. The possible effects of practice teaching period on the metaphors were also explored. In so doing, the participants were requested to reflect on the metaphors they generated. In this exploratory design, the data collection tools included a metaphor completion task, a semi-structured interview, and follow-up e-mails. The results suggested that pre-service teachers do not enter teacher education as a tabula rasa and that the use of metaphors to reveal previous knowledge was a useful instrument. It was also found that real teaching experience seemed to influence the metaphors expressed prior to practicum. Implications and applications for teacher education and suggestions for future research are discussed. Keywords: Pre-service teacher education, teaching certificate programs, practicum, metaphor analysis, prior beliefs, tacit knowledge Oz Yapilandirmaci yaklasimi takip eden bu calisma hizmet oncesi Ingilizce ogretmenlerinin yabanci dil sinifi ile ilgili var olan bilgilerini metafor analizi yontemi ile ortaya cikarmayi amaclamistir. 2012-2013 egitim-ogretim yilinin bahar doneminde bir vakif universitesinde verilmekte olan bir yillik yogun bir pedagojik formasyon programinin okul deneyimi dersine kayit olan iki hizmet oncesi Ingilizce ogretmeni calismada yer almislardir. Bahsi gecen okul deneyimi doneminin arastirmaya katilan ogretmenler tarafindan dile getirilen metaforlar uzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadigi da ayrica incelenmistir. Bu yapilirken, katilimcilardan calisma boyunca belirttikleri metaforlar uzerinde yansitici bir sekilde dusunmeleri istenmistir. Arastirmada veriler metafor tamamlama, yari-yapilandirilmis gorusme ve takip amacli gonderilen elektronik postalarla toplanmistir. Elde edilen verilerin nitel analizinin sonucunda hizmet oncesi Ingilizce ogretmenlerinin meslege baslamadan once tabula rasa olmadiklari ve metafor kullaniminin ortulu bilgilerin gun yuzune cikarilmasinda etkili bir yontem oldugu belirlenmistir. Bunun yani sira gercek sinif ortaminda elde edilen ogretim tecrubesinin calismada yer alan hizmet oncesi Ingilizce ogretmenlerinin okul deneyimi baslamadan once ifade ettikleri metaforlar uzerinde bir derece etkili oldugu belirtilebilir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Hizmet oncesi ogretmen egitimi, pedagojik formasyon programlari, okul deneyimi, metafor analizi, var olan inanclar, ortulu bilgi
Correspondence and Requests for Reprints to Dr a Complex Balanced Rearrangement Involving Four Chromosomes in an Azoospermic Man

dermatoglyphic and clinical features of the 9p trisomy and partial 9p monosomy syndromes. SUMMARY A complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 1, 5, 10, and 12 is described. The patient was an infertile, phenotypically normal male. Cytogenetic analyses of his parents showed that the complex translocation arose de novo. Testicular histology showed spermatogenic arrest. Complex chromosomal rearrangements involving exchanges between three or more chromosomes are not frequent' and their association with male infertility is rare.2 In the present paper we describe an azoospermic man with a karyotype showing balanced translocations between four chromosomes.