Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stacking faults and their effect on magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Co and Co-alloy thin films

Stacking faults in (101~0) unicrystal Co and Co-alloy thin films have been analyzed by the electron diffraction technique. As predicted no diffraction contrast of stacking faults could be observed when the beam is parallel to the [101~0] direction. However, both by plan-view TEM observation and electron diffraction along the [112~0] direction reveal that the stacking fault density in biased pore Co (101~0) Bin films is much lower than that in unbiased ones. The addition of Cr in Co films significantly reduces stacking fault density whereas the addition of 8 at% Pt leads to a considerable increase in stacking fault density. Our results show that stacking faults in Co thin films significantly, and negatively, affect the anisotropy energy density and its temperature dependence.
Final Report of the Technical Requirements for Image-Guided Spine Procedures Workshop

Organizing Committee: James Anderson, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Michael Brazaitis, M.D., Walter Reed Army Medical Center; Gilbert Devey, B.s., Georgetown University Medical Center; Anthony DiGioia, M.D., Shadyside Hospital; Matthew Freedman, M.D., M.B. A, Georgetown University Medical Center; Dietrich Gronemeyer, M.D., W i t t e f l e r d e c k e University; Corinna Lathan, Ph.D., T h e Catholic University of America; Heinz Lemke, Ph.D., Technical University of Berlin; Don Long, M.D., Ph.D., Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Seong K. Mun, Ph.D., Georgetown University Medical Center; Russell Taylor, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University
Memecylon edule leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles

We used an aqueous leaf extract of Memecylon edule (Melastomataceae) to synthesize silver and gold nanoparticles. To our knowledge, this is the first report where M. edule leaf broth was found to be a suitable plant source for the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. On treatment of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid with M. edule leaf extract, stable silver and gold nanoparticles were rapidly formed. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The kinetics of reduction of aqueous silver and gold ions during reaction with the M. edule leaf broth were easily analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy. SEM analysis showed that aqueous gold ions, when exposed to M. edule leaf broth, were reduced and resulted in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles in the size range 20–50 nm. TEM analysis of gold nanoparticles showed formation of triangular, circular, and hexagonal shapes in the size range 10–45 nm. The resulting silver nanoparticles were predominantly square with uniform size range 50–90 nm. EDAX results confirmed the presence of triangular nanoparticles in the adsorption peak of 2.30 keV. Further FTIR analysis was also done to identify the functional groups in silver and gold nanoparticles. The characterized nanoparticles of M. edule have potential for various medical and industrial applications. Saponin presence in aqueous extract of M. edule is responsible for the mass production of silver and gold nanoparticles.
A study of particle paths in non-axisymmetric Taylor – Couette flows

We study the paths of fluid particles in velocity fields modelling rigidly rotating velocity fields that occur in the concentric Taylor problem. We set up velocity fields using the model of Davey, DiPrima & Stuart (1968) based on small-gap asymptotics. This allows a numerical study of the Lagrangian properties of steady flow patterns in a rotating frame. The spiral and Taylor vortex modes are integrable, implying that in these cases almost all particle paths are confined to two-dimensional surfaces in the fluid. For the case of Taylor vortices the motion on these surfaces is quasi-periodic, whereas for spirals the particles propagate up or down the cylinder on these surfaces. The non-axisymmetric modes we consider are wavy vortices, spirals, ribbons and twisted Taylor vortices. All of these flows have the property that they are steady flows when examined in a rotating frame of reference. For all non-axisymmetric modes with the exception of spirals, we observe the existence of regions of chaotic mixing within the fluid. We discuss mixing of the fluid by these flows with reference to the pattern of stagnation points and some of the periodic trajectories within the fluid and on the boundary.
Visual homing for a mobile robot using direction votes from flow vectors

This paper investigates the problem of robot visual homing - the navigation to a goal location by a mobile robot using visual sensory input. The visual homing approach taken is to consider the flow vectors between a robot's current view and a desired milestone view. The flow vectors can be used to determine an angular velocity command that attempts to align the two views under a constant forward speed. Experiments with a mobile robot have been conducted following the teach-replay approach. By using a sequence of milestone images taken successively along a path, preliminary results show that a robot can successfully repeat the path and navigate to its goal autonomously. The method should be useful for route following and other applications involving visual navigation.
Spelling in Children With Dyslexia: Analyses From the Treiman-Bourassa Early Spelling Test

We examined the oral and written spelling performance on the Treiman-Bourassa Early Spelling Test (Treiman & Bourassa, 2000a) of 30 children with serious reading and spelling problems and 30 spelling-level-matched younger children who were progressing normally in learning to read and spell. The 2 groups' spellings were equivalent on a composite measure of phonological and orthographic sophistication, representation of the phonological skeleton of the items, and orthographic legality. The groups showed a similar advantage for words over nonwords on the phonological skeleton and orthographic legality measures. The children with dyslexia and the comparison children also showed an equivalent advantage for written over oral spelling on the composite and phonological skeleton measures. Further analyses revealed that children with dyslexia made many of the same linguistically based errors as typically developing children but also pointed to some subtle differences between the groups. Overall, the spelling performance of children with dyslexia appears to be quite similar to that of normally progressing younger children.
Novel Distributed Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes for Two-Way Two-Antenna Relay Networks

A half-duplex amplify-and-forward two-way relay network consisting of two single-antenna sources and N relays with each having two antennas is considered in this paper. For such a system, a tight lower bound of pairwise error probability (PEP) of a maximum likelihood (ML) detector for any distributed linear dispersion code with a fixed average amplifier is derived, revealing that diversity gain function cannot decay faster than lnN SNR/SNR2N, where rm SNR is signal to noise ratio. Particularly for the network having two relays, a novel distributed quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QO-STBC) is proposed with two significant advantages. One is that the equivalent channel matrices at both source nodes turn out to be the block-circulant matrices, with each block being a product of the two Alamouti channel matrices. The other is that the equivalent noises at the both source nodes are Gaussian and white. Therefore, like QO-STBC for a multi-antennas system, the proposed code for the relay system still maintains low-decoding complexity for the ML detector. Asymptotic PEP formula is attained to show that the proposed code enables the optimal diversity gain function, i.e., meeting the lower bound of diversity gain, and the optimal coding gain. In addition, a near optimal power allocation that maximizes the received SNR of the worse link is presented and examined through comprehensive computer simulations for various kinds of asymmetric relay channels.
Prey Tracking by Larval Zebrafish: Axial Kinematics and Visual Control

High-speed imaging was used to record the prey-tracking behavior of larval zebrafish as they fed upon paramecium. Prey tracking is comprised of a variable set of discrete locomotor movements that together align the larva with the paramecium and bring it into close proximity, usually within one body length. These tracking behaviors are followed by a brief capture swim bout that was previously described [Borla et al., 2002]. Tracking movements were classified as either swimming or turning bouts. The swimming bouts were similar to a previously characterized larval slow swim [Budick and O’Malley, 2000], but the turning movements consisted of unique J-shaped bends which appear to minimize forward hydrodynamic disturbance when approaching the paramecium. Such J-turn tracking bouts consisted of multiple unilateral contractions to one side of the body. J-turns slowly and moderately alter the orientation of the larva – this is in contrast to previously described escape and routine turns. Tracking behaviors appear to be entirely visually guided. Infra-red (IR) imaging of locomotor behaviors in a dark environment revealed a complete absence of tracking behaviors, even though the normal repertoire of other locomotive behaviors was recorded. Concomitantly, such larvae were greatly impaired in consuming paramecia. The tracking behavior is of interest because it indicates the presence of sophisticated locomotor control circuitry in this relatively simple model organism. Such locomotor strategies may be conserved and elaborated upon by other larval and adult fishes.
Comparison of different biomaterials for glaucoma drainage devices: part 2.

BACKGROUND Inflammation associated with biomaterials may contribute to the failure of glaucoma drainage devices. OBJECTIVE To compare the inflammatory reaction associated with the insertion of Krupin silicone, Molteno polypropylene, and Acrosof end plates in the subconjunctival space of rabbits. METHODS Similar-sized glaucoma end plates made of 3 different biomaterials were sutured to the sclera in the superotemporal quadrant of the rabbit eye. Thirty eyes of 15 albino New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the 3 groups. Conjunctival vascular hyperemia was graded in a masked fashion among the 3 groups. At the end of 3 weeks, the enucleated eyes were examined histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Molteno polypropylene was associated with more inflammation both in clinical observations and based on histological grading. Silicone and Acrosof were associated with less intense inflammation. One polypropylene end plate was extruded on day 21. CONCLUSIONS Polypropylene appears to be more inflammatory than silicone. Flexible biomaterials appear to be less inflammatory than rigid ones. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bleb failure following glaucoma drainage device implantation could be related to the biomaterial-associated inflammation. Choosing a biomaterial with the least inflammatory potential might enhance the success rate of the glaucoma drainage device. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1081-1084
Adult attachment and perceived parental style may shape leadership behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of both attachment and parental styles in shaping leadership behavioral patterns. Research predictions were that childhood perceived parental experiences will be associated with attachment style, and that both perceived parental and attachment styles will fulfill a significant role in shaping the individual’s leadership orientation in adulthood. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the research hypotheses with a field survey data from 90 supervisors belonging to diverse industrial and service organizations. During their attendance in a leadership seminar, the managers’ attachment style was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory. They were also asked to report on their childhood experiences using the Parenting Style Index, and to answer questions regarding their leadership behavior, using a short version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Findings Results indicated associations between parental style, attachment style, and leadership. Specifically, parental autonomy granting was negatively associated with both attachment anxiety and avoidance. Both transformational and transactional leadership styles were positively associated with parental autonomy, but only transformational leadership was also positively associated with parental involvement. In addition, transactional leadership was positively associated with attachment avoidance in close relationships. Research limitations/implications Testing the contributions of perceived parental style in childhood and attachment style in adulthood to the manager’s manifested leadership style helps to advance our theoretical understanding of important leadership antecedents. The findings may also help practitioners in developing leadership skills and assisting managers in finding ways to moderate their natural tendencies and better depend on, delegate, and empower subordinates. Originality/value This empirical study provides evidence of the important role of perceived parental style in the development of adult attachment and leadership styles. The effects found in the study also extend the existing findings by showing that not only the attachment style but also parental style play a significant role in shaping the individual’s leadership behaviors.
On the Afterglow and Host Galaxy of GRB 021004: A Comprehensive Study with the Hubble Space Telescope

We report on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the late-time afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 021004 (z = 2.33). Although this gamma-ray burst (GRB) is one of the best observed so far in terms of sampling in the time domain, multiwavelength coverage, and polarimetric observations, there is substantial disagreement between different interpretations of data sets on this burst in the literature. We have observed the field of GRB 021004 with the HST at multiple epochs from 3 days until almost 10 months after the burst. With the STIS PRISM and G430L spectroscopy, we cover the spectral region from about 2000 to 5700 Å, corresponding to 600-1700 Å in the rest frame. From the limit on the flux recovery blueward of the Lyman limit, we constrain the H I column density to be above 1 × 1018 cm-2 (5 σ). On the basis of ACS and NICMOS imaging, we find that the afterglow evolved achromatically within the errors (any variation must be less than 5%) during the period of the HST observations. The color changes observed by other authors during the first 4 days must be related to a stochastic phenomenon superimposed on an afterglow component with a constant spectral shape. This achromaticity implies that the cooling break has remained on the blue side of the optical part of the spectrum for at least 2 weeks after the explosion. The optical-to-X-ray slope βOX is consistent with being the same at 1.4 and 52.4 days after the burst. This indicates that the cooling frequency is constant and, hence, according to fireball models, that the circumburst medium has a constant density profile. The late-time slope of the light curve (α2, Fν ∝ t) is in the range α2 = 1.8-1.9 and is inconsistent with a single power law. This could be due to a late-time flattening caused by the transition to nonrelativistic expansion or could be due to excess emission (a "bump" in the light curve) about 7 days after the burst. The host galaxy is, like most previously studied GRB hosts, a (very) blue starburst galaxy with no evidence for dust and with strong Lyα emission. The star formation rate of the host is about 10 M☉ yr-1 on the basis of both the strength of the UV continuum and the Lyα luminosity. The spectral energy distribution of the host implies an age in the range 30-100 Myr for the dominant stellar population. The afterglow was located very close (~100 pc) to the center of the host, implying that the progenitor was possibly associated with a circumnuclear starburst.
Bone erosions in patients with chronic gouty arthropathy are associated with tophi but not bone oedema or synovitis: new insights from a 3 T MRI study.

OBJECTIVES Bone erosion has been linked with tophus deposition in gout but the roles of osteitis (MRI bone oedema) and synovitis remain uncertain. Our aims in this prospective 3 T MRI study were to investigate the frequency of these features in gout and determine their relation to one another. METHODS 3 T MRI scans of the wrist were obtained in 40 gout patients. Scans were scored independently by two radiologists for bone oedema, erosions, tophi and synovitis. Dual-energy CT (DECT) scans were scored for tophi in a subgroup of 10 patients. RESULTS Interreader reliability was high for erosions and tophi [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) 0.77 (95% CI 0.71, 0.87) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.52, 0.83)] and moderate for bone oedema [ICC = 0.60 (95% CI 0.36, 0.77)]. Compared with DECT, MRI had a specificity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.93, 0.99) and sensitivity of 0.63 (95% CI 0.48, 0.76) for tophi. Erosions were detected in 63% of patients and were strongly associated with tophi [odds ratio (OR) = 13.0 (95% CI 1.5, 113)]. In contrast, no association was found between erosions and bone oedema. Using concordant data, bone oedema was scored at 6/548 (1%) sites in 5/40 patients (12.5%) and was very mild (median carpal score = 1, maximum = 45). In logistic regression analysis across all joints nested within individuals, tophus, but not synovitis, was independently associated with erosion [OR = 156.5 (21.2, >999.9), P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION Erosions were strongly associated with tophi but not bone oedema or synovitis. MRI bone oedema was relatively uncommon and low grade. These findings highlight the unique nature of the osteopathology of gout.
Monetary Policy and Risk Taking

We assess the effects of monetary policy on bank risk to verify the existence of a risk-taking channel – monetary expansions inducing banks to assume more risk. We first present VAR evidence confirming that this channel exists and is particularly significant on the bank funding side. Then, to rationalize this evidence we build a macroeconomic model where banks subject to runs endogenously choose their funding structure (deposits vs. capital) and risk level. A monetary expansion increases bank leverage and risk. In turn, higher bank risk in steady state increases asset price volatility and reduces equilibrium output.
Family Instability and Locus of Control in Adolescence

Abstract Investigating the impact of family instability is important as more and more children experience different family changes in many industrialized countries. In this paper we examine the dynamics of family structure, looking at the potential effect of yearly maternal partnership transitions on adolescents’ locus of control. We aim at combining research on family instability with research on non-cognitive skill formation. We use rich and nationwide German data to identify the relationship between family instability and adolescent locus of control. Combining entropy balancing with a novel econometric method to assess potential bias from omitted variables, we find that experiencing maternal partnership transitions is negatively associated with adolescents’ belief in self-determination and that internal locus of control is reduced by about a fifth of a standard deviation among those affected, even after conditioning on a large number of covariates. This is particularly true if the transitions take place during “middle childhood. ”
MEK Inhibitors, Novel Anti-Adhesive Molecules, Reduce Sickle Red Blood Cell Adhesion In Vitro and In Vivo, and Vasoocclusion In Vivo

In sickle cell disease, sickle erythrocyte (SSRBC) interacts with endothelial cells, leukocytes, and platelets, and activates coagulation and inflammation, promoting vessel obstruction, which leads to serious life-threatening complications, including acute painful crises and irreversible damage to multiple organs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK1/2, is abnormally activated in SSRBCs. However, the therapeutic potential of SSRBC ERK1/2 inactivation has never been investigated. I tested four different inhibitors of MEK1/2 (MEK), the kinase that activates ERK1/2, in a model of human SSRBC adhesion to TNFα-activated endothelial cells (ECs). SSRBC MEK inhibition abrogated adhesion to non-activated and TNFα-activated ECs to levels below baseline SSRBC adhesion to non-activated ECs in vitro. SSRBC MEK inhibition also prevented SSRBCs from activating naïve neutrophils to adhere to endothelium. To determine the effect of MEK inhibitors on SSRBC adherence in vivo, sham-treated or MEK inhibitor-treated SSRBCs were infused to nude mice previously treated with TNFα. Sham-treated SSRBCs displayed marked adhesion and occlusion of enflamed vessels, both small and large. However, SSRBC treatment with MEK inhibitors ex vivo showed poor SSRBC adhesion to enflamed vessels with no visible vasoocclusion in vivo. In addition, MEK inhibitor treatment of SSRBCs reduced SSRBC organ trapping and increased the number of SSRBCs circulating in bloodstream. Thus, these data suggest that SSRBC ERK1/2 plays potentially a critical role in sickle pathogenesis, and that MEK inhibitors may represent a valuable intervention for acute sickle cell crises.
Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics images of the Trapezium Cluster ⋆

Context. Multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) combine the advantages of both standard adaptive optics, which provide high contrast and high spatial resolution, and of wide field imaging (≈1 � ). Up to recently, MCAO for astronomy was limited to laboratory experiments. In this paper, we present the first scientific results obtained with the first MCAO instrument. Aims. We present a new study of the Trapezium cluster using deep MCAO images with a field of view of 1 � × 1 � obtained at the VLT. Methods. We used deep J, H ,a ndKs images recently obtained with the prototype MCAO facility MAD at the VLT to search for new members and new multiple systems in the Trapezium cluster. On bright targets (Ks ≈ 9 mag), these images allow us to reach ∆Ks ≈ 6 mag as close as 0 . �� 4.
WebQuest Destekli Matematik Öğretiminin Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerilerine Etkisi

Bu deneysel calismanin amaci WebQuest destekli matematik ogretiminin altinci sinif ogrencilerinin elestirel dusunme duzeylerini nasil etkileyebilecegini arastirmaktir. Dort hafta boyunca deney grubu (n=18) ile arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilmis iki adet WebQuest projesi ile ders yapilirken kontrol grubu (n=18) ile mufredata uygun normal ders islenmistir. Veri toplamak amaciyla Elestirel Dusunme Becerileri Olcegi deney oncesinde ve sonrasinda on-test ve son-test olarak her iki gruba da uygulanmistir. Deney grubu ogrencilerinin WebQuest uygulamasi sonrasinda analiz, yorumlama ve oz duzenleme becerileri puanlarinda artis gozlenmesine ragmen cok degiskenli kovaryans analizi (MANCOVA) bu farkliliklarin istatistiksel acidan anlamli olmadigini gostermistir. Arastirma sonuclarindan hareketle WebQuest uygulamalarinin elestirel dusunme uzerinde etkilerini daha net inceleyebilmek icin ileriki calismalara yonelik yontemsel ve uygulama onerileri sunulmustur.