Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric Tidal Waves Observed From Global Ionosphere Maps: Analysis of Total Electron Content

The monthly, seasonal, yearly, and latitudinal variations of ionosphere tidal waves are studied based on the total electron content (TEC) data from global ionosphere maps. We use two‐dimensional (longitudinal, −180°E to 180°E; and time, 10 days) Fourier transform of TEC variations along different latitude to obtain all wave modes for the period from 18 November 2002 to 15 October 2014. The wave modes can be classified as westward propagating (eastward propagating and standing) waves with 85.8–97.3% (2.3–10.0% and 0.4–4.2%) of total power. The wave modes are found to consist of migrating waves with power 75–94% and nonmigrating waves with 5.8–25%. The migrating waves are dominated by diurnal migrating tide (DW1, 69.9–89.4%), semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2, 0.5–4.3%), and terdiurnal migrating tide (TW3, 0.2–1.9%). Also, the total wave power and powers of DW1 and SW2 peak along magnetic latitude 10°N and decrease with increasing magnetic latitude. The power of TW3 peaks along the magnetic equator and decreases with increasing magnetic latitude. We also found that the wave powers of DW1 and SW2 obtained from TEC data are very similar to the wave powers obtained from the ionospheric density with a profile of sech2 solitary wave. The observed migrating amplitudes are stronger in equinoxes and weaker in solstices. For the nonmigrating tides, we simultaneously identify the wave modes and wave powers, which contribute to wave‐1, wave‐2, wave‐3, wave‐4, and wave‐5 peak structures in the local time frame. The total wave power associated with TEC variations increases with solar activity (sun spot number).
Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in Brazilian Murrah buffaloes.

The objective of this work was to estimate covariance functions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects and, subsequently, to obtain genetic parameters for buffalo's test-day milk production using random regression models on Legendre polynomials (LPs). A total of 17 935 test-day milk yield (TDMY) from 1433 first lactations of Murrah buffaloes, calving from 1985 to 2005 and belonging to 12 herds located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were analysed. Contemporary groups (CGs) were defined by herd, year and month of milk test. Residual variances were modelled through variance functions, from second to fourth order and also by a step function with 1, 4, 6, 22 and 42 classes. The model of analyses included the fixed effect of CGs, number of milking, age of cow at calving as a covariable (linear and quadratic) and the mean trend of the population. As random effects were included the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. The additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects were modelled by LP of days in milk from quadratic to seventh degree polynomial functions. The model with additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects adjusted by quintic and sixth order LP, respectively, and residual variance modelled through a step function with six classes was the most adequate model to describe the covariance structure of the data. Heritability estimates decreased from 0.44 (first week) to 0.18 (fourth week). Unexpected negative genetic correlation estimates were obtained between TDMY records at first weeks with records from middle to the end of lactation, being the values varied from -0.07 (second with eighth week) to -0.34 (1st with 42nd week). TDMY heritability estimates were moderate in the course of the lactation, suggesting that this trait could be applied as selection criteria in milking buffaloes.
Effect of Nutrient Management and Crop Geometry in Sweet Flag

It is commonly known as Bach in India. The leaves are yellow green in colour, sword shaped, thick textured, and from 75-100cm in length. The stem is modified to rhizome with a diameter of 3-4cm which is elongated that runs across the ground, and possesses a pungent, bitter taste when fresh and milder when dried. The rhizome is marked by leaf scars above, and produces abundant roots, which for the most part go as straight down, below.
Performance of Riverbank Filtration under Hydrogeologic Conditions along the Upper Krishna River in Southern India

Riverbank filtration (RBF) systems were installed in four rural villages along a 64 km stretch of the upper Krishna River in southern India; with each one designed to supply approximately 2500 people. Site selection criteria included hydrogeological suitability, land availability and access, proximity to villages and their population sizes, and electric power supply. Water samples were collected from the river and the RBF wells over more than one year (November 2015 to December 2017) and were analyzed for Escherichia coli bacteria, major ions, and a range of other physicochemical and chemical parameters. The shallow groundwater at the study sites was also sampled, but less frequently. The hydrogeology of the four RBF systems was described in terms of bore-log data, mixing of river and groundwater, pumping test data, and vertical water column profiling. E. coli removal percentages of >99.9% were observed immediately before and during the monsoon, when E. coli concentrations in the river were the highest. The results provide evidence that RBF installations are challenging but possible under the climate and hydrogeologic conditions prevailing in this part of southern India. Specifically, when installing RBF wells in the study, area one needs to balance the well depth and set-back distance from the river against the limited extent of alluvial deposits. The viability of RBF systems as a domestic water source is also influenced by other factors that are not limited to southern India, including surface water and groundwater salinity, agricultural practices surrounding RBF wells, and the reliability of the power grid.
Reliability of Upper Extremity Kinematics While Performing Different Tasks in Individuals With Stroke

ABSTRACT Assessments of upper extremity performance typically include qualitative rather than quantitative measures of functional ability. Kinematic analysis is an objective, discriminative measure that quantifies movement biomechanics; however, the use within the poststroke impaired upper extremity is not well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of upper extremity kinematics in 18 individuals with stroke and 9 healthy controls. Participants performed reaching and grasping tasks over 2 separate days and metrics included movement time, peak velocity, index of curvature, trunk displacement, maximum aperture, and percentage of the movement cycle where maximum aperture occurred. The results showed moderate to high intraclass correlation and low standard error of measurement values for most variables, demonstrating that kinematic analysis may be a feasible and useful tool to quantify upper extremity movement after stroke.
The Dynamic Nuclear Redistribution of an hnRNP K-homologous Protein during Drosophila Embryo Development and Heat Shock. Flexibility of Transcription Sites In Vivo

The Drosophila protein Hrb57A has sequence homology to mammalian heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K proteins. Its in vivo distribution has been studied at high resolution by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in embryos injected with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody. Injection of antibody into living embryos had no apparent deleterious effects on further development. Furthermore, the antibody-protein complex could be observed for more than 7 cell cycles in vivo, revealing a dynamic redistribution from the nucleus to cytoplasm at each mitosis from blastoderm until hatching. The evaluation of two- and three-dimensional CLSM data sets demonstrated important differences in the localization of the protein in the nuclei of living compared to fixed embryos. The Hrb57A protein was recruited to the 93D locus upon heat shock and thus serves as an in vivo probe for the activity of the gene in diploid cells of the embryo. Observations during heat shock revealed considerable mobility within interphase nuclei of this transcription site. Furthermore, the reinitiation as well as the down regulation of transcriptional loci in vivo during the recovery from heat shock could be followed by the rapid redistribution of the hnRNP K during stress recovery. These data are incompatible with a model of the interphase nucleus in which transcription complexes are associated with a rigid nuclear matrix.
A 3-year follow-up study of inpatients with lower limb ulcers: evidence of an obesity paradox?

Objectives To determine whether body composition is related to long-term outcomes amongst vascular inpatients with lower limb ulcers. Design Prospective study with 3 years follow-up. Materials and methods Body mass index (BMI), fat, and fat-free mass were measured and associations with readmission to hospital (number, cause, length of stay) and all-cause mortality were explored. Results Thirty patients (22 men, 8 women) participated in the study. Ten patients (33%) had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. 18/20 (90%) patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 and 9/10 (90%) patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were admitted to hospital in the 3 years of follow-up. Patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 were admitted more frequently, earlier and for longer compared to those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 but these did not reach statistical significance. The 3 year mortality rate for patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was 20% (n = 2/10) compared to 70% (n = 14/20) with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, P = 0.019. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that higher BMI may have a protective effect against mortality in vascular patients with lower limb ulcers. These findings contradict the universal acceptance that obesity leads to poor health outcomes. Further work is required to confirm these findings and explore some of the potential mechanisms for this effect.
Toward Circuit Modeling of Molecular Devices

Modeling and simulation tools play a crucial role in the rapid development of semiconductor technologies as they reduce the required prototype cycles and costs. Molecular electronic is one of the promising technologies that are currently gaining a lot of interest in the research community. Usually, theoretical studies in the field of molecular electronics have been concerned with the understanding and explanation of the physics behind the quantum phenomena observed at this very small scale. Despite the existence of outstanding publications for modeling molecular devices, none of them targets the circuit modeling of molecules. As happened for semiconductors, the availability of solid-circuit modeling can open the way to molecular systems design tools and, therefore, to application. In this paper, we present a first attempt to model molecular devices with circuit elements. The model is applied to various available molecular devices, and the results have been validated versus available experimental and first-principles results. The circuit modeling is further verified by atomistic simulation of the testbed molecules.
Verification of the empirical lower ionosphere models on VLF observations at midlatitude Mikhnevo geophysical observatory

The empirical models of the lower ionosphere are used for fast prediction of VLF-LF propagation properties, for the initialization in the inverse problem solvers and as a climatological testbed for new numerical models. We used two widely used empirical models and verify them on the experimental VLF data from Mikhnevo geophysical observatory for 2014 year. Numerical results were obtained by parabolic equation method. The presented results prove the severe limitations of the current empirical models. The main bottlenecks are formulated.
Genome sequences of two novel phages infecting marine roseobacters

Two bacteriophages, DSS3Φ2 and EE36Φ1, which infect marine roseobacters Silicibacter pomeroyi DSS-3 and Sulfitobacter sp. EE-36, respectively, were isolated from Baltimore Inner Harbor water. These two roseophages resemble bacteriophage N4, a large, short-tailed phage infecting Escherichia coli K12, in terms of their morphology and genomic structure. The full genome sequences of DSS3Φ2 and EE36Φ1 reveal that their genome sizes are 74.6 and 73.3 kb, respectively, and they both contain a highly conserved N4-like DNA replication and transcription system. Both roseophages contain a large virion-encapsidated RNA polymerase gene (> 10 kb), which was first discovered in N4. DSS3Φ2 and EE36Φ1 also possess several genes (i.e. ribonucleotide reductase and thioredoxin) that are most similar to the genes in roseobacters. Overall, the two roseophages are highly closely related, and share 80–94% nucleotide sequence identity over 85% of their ORFs. This is the first report of N4-like phages infecting marine bacteria and the second report of N4-like phage since the discovery of phage N4 40 years ago. The finding of these two N4-like roseophages will allow us to further explore the specific phage–host interaction and evolution for this unique group of bacteriophages.
Flow cytometric assessment of monocyte activation markers and circulating endothelial cells in patients with localized or metastatic breast cancer

Monocyte activation in cancer patients may be reflective of anticancer activity. However, studies indicate that recruitment of macrophages can actually promote tumor growth and angiogenesis. Assessment of other microenvironmental cells such as circulating endothelial cells (CECs) may provide additional information regarding disease progression. The objective of this study was to assess monocyte activation and CECs in breast cancer patients and determine the potential clinical relevance during disease progression.
Secondary health conditions and spinal cord injury: an uphill battle in the journey of care

Purpose: To understand the journey of care in the prevention and management of secondary health conditions (SHCs) following spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: This was a case study design with ‘Ontario’ as the case. The Network Episode Model was used as the conceptual framework. Data sources included in depth interviews with persons with SCI, care providers, and policy and decision makers. Document analysis was also conducted on relevant materials and policies. Key informants were selected by purposeful sampling as well as snowball sampling to provide maximum variation. Data analysis was an iterative process and involved descriptive and interpretive analyses. A coding structure was developed based on the conceptual framework which allowed for free nodes when emerging ideas or themes were identified. Results: Twenty-eight individuals were interviewed (14 persons with SCI and 14 persons representing care providers, community advocacy organization representatives, system service delivery administrators and policy-makers). A major over-arching domain that emerged from the data was the concept of ‘fighting’. Eleven themes were identified: at the micro-individual level: (i) social isolation and system abandonment, (ii) funding and equitable care, (iii) bounded freedom and self-management; at the meso care provider level: (iv) gender and caregiving strain, (v) help versus disempowerment, (vi) holistic care-thinking outside the box, (vii) poor communication and coordination of care; and at the macro health system level: (viii) fight for access and availability, (ix) models of care tensions, (x) private versus public tensions and (xi) rigid rules and policies. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the journey is challenging and a persistent uphill struggle for persons with SCI, care providers, and community-based advocates. If we are to make significant gains in minimizing the incidence and severity of SHCs, we need to tailor efforts at the health system level. Implications for Rehabilitation Secondary health conditions are problematic for individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to understand the journey of care in the prevention and management of secondary health conditions (SHCs) following SCI. Findings suggest that the journey is challenging and a persistent uphill struggle for persons with SCI, care providers, and community-based advocates. All stakeholders involved recognized the disparities in access to care and resources that exist within the system. We recommend that if we are to make significant gains in minimizing the incidence and severity of SHCs, we need to tailor efforts at the health system level.
Theory of classification : a survey of some recent advances

The last few years have witnessed important new developments in the theory and practice of pattern classification. We intend to survey some of the main new ideas that have lead to these important recent developments. Resume. Durant ces dernieres annees, la theorie et la pratique de la reconnaissance des formes ont ´e marquees par des developpements originaux. Ce survol presente certaines des principales idees novatrices qui ont conduitces developpements importants.
Education and Distribution of Earnings in Pakistan

Abstract: This study uses quantile regression technique to show how impact of education on earnings varies across conditional earning distribution. The main objective of this study is to estimate effect of the education on different parts of earning distribution. Secondly, the study used educational dummies in earning function to compute effect of primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education on earning distribution. We found that education has a different effect on earnings at different parts of the earnings distribution; effect of education on earning increases as we move from lower to upper quantiles of the distribution. Moreover, returns to education are convex i.e. the returns tend to increase as the level of education increases at each quantile. Rate of returns are higher for tertiary education as compared to primary and secondary levels across all quantiles of earnings distribution. The results also show that OLS coefficients conceal variation in the returns to education across the earning distribution.
Evaluation of Chinese-Herbal-Medicine-Induced Herb-Drug Interactions: Focusing on Organic Anion Transporter 1

The consumption of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) is increasing exponentially. Many patients utilize CHMs concomitantly with prescription drugs in great frequency. Herb-drug interaction has hence become an important focus of study. Transporter-mediated herb-drug interactions have the potential to seriously influence drug efficacy and toxicity. Since organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) is crucial in renal active secretion and drug-drug interactions, the possibility of modulation of OAT1-mediated drug transport should be seriously concerned. Sixty-three clinically used CHMs were evaluated in the study. An hOAT1-overexpressing cell line was used for the in vitro CHMs screening, and the effective candidates were administered to Wistar rats to access renal hemodynamics. The regulation of OAT1 mRNA expression was also examined for further evidence of CHMs affecting OAT1-mediated transport. Among all the 63 CHMs, formulae Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan (GZ) and Chia Wei Hsiao Yao San (CW) exhibited significant inhibitions on hOAT1-mediated [3H]-PAH uptake in vitro and PAH clearance and net secretion in vivo. Moreover, GZ showed concentration-dependent manners both in vitro and in vivo, and the decrease of rOAT1 mRNA expression indicated that GZ not only inhibited function of OAT1 but also suppressed expression of OAT1.
Review of the value of colony stimulating factors for prophylaxis of febrile neutropenic episodes in adult patients treated for haematological malignancies

Chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia is a major dose‐limiting toxicity of systemic cancer chemotherapy that can lead to fever and infection, requiring prompt analysis and in‐patient treatment with broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Complicated neutropenia may lead to reduction and/or delay of systemic anti‐cancer treatment, which may compromise outcome. Haematopoietic growth factors have the ability to augment haematopoietic cell cycling and are used to facilitate more dose‐intense treatments and to decrease treatment‐related complications. This review focuses on randomised trials that investigated the use of colony‐stimulating factors (CSF) to prevent treatment‐related febrile complications in haematological malignancies in (younger) adult patients. In general, these studies demonstrated that CSF reduced the duration of severe neutropenia but not always its febrile complications; therefore inconsistent results regarding clinically relevant reduction of hospitalisation, duration of therapeutic antibiotics, infection‐related or disease‐related mortality and economic effects were reported. Current developments in treatment of haematological malignancies will pose new challenges as a shift in infectious pathogens can be expected.
Complementary and alternative medicine use among American women: findings from The National Health Interview Survey, 2002.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among Americans is high, especially among women, but a national profile of women CAM users has yet to be characterized. This study identified sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors associated with use of various types of CAM among women in the United States and examined health conditions and reasons for use. METHODS Data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, were analyzed (n = 17,295 women). Any recent use of CAM as well as specific types of CAM (e.g., biologically based therapies) use were analyzed; prayer was considered separately. Prevalence estimates and logistic regression results were weighted, and variance estimates were adjusted for complex sample design. RESULTS About 40% of women reported any recent CAM use. Biologically based therapies (23.8%) were the most frequently reported CAM type, followed by mind-body therapies (20.9%). User characteristics were generally similar across specific CAM types; there were some differences between women who used CAM and women who prayed for health. Women frequently reported using CAM in conjunction with conventional medicine and to treat chronic pain conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive profile of recent CAM use among a national sample of American women, including user characteristics and reasons and conditions for use. Widespread CAM use reflects a social phenomenon of healthcare-seeking practices that can potentially inform public health strategies for health promotion and disease prevention.
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Heterogeneous Prostate-Like Glands (Paraurethral Gland) Seen in Female Brown-Norway Rats

Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the prostate-like glands (paraurethral gland) seen spontaneously in female Brown-Norway (BN) rats were investigated by gross, and light and electron microscopic examination. At 9- to 10-weeks-old, the paraurethral gland was detected in 50 out of 52 female animals examined (96.2%), and it was observed as single or paired structures located ventrolaterally in the urethra just caudal to neck of the urinary bladder. Microscopically, the glandular acini consisted of flat to cuboidal secretory epithelium surrounded by the smooth muscle. The glands displayed modest secreting activity, and a few secreting materials were observed in the acinar lumens. The main peripheral ducts were located in the urethral wall, and drained into the urethra on both sides. Ultrastructurally, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), numerous mitochondria and lysosomes, and secretory granules in the apical portion of the epithelial cells were noted, and basal cells were also observed. These gland epithelial cells showed positive reactions when stained for androgen receptor (AR), prostate specific antigen (PSA), or prostate specific acid phosphatase (PSAP). The nature of this paraurethral gland resembled that of the prostate gland in male rats. Thus, the paraurethral glands seen in the females were considered homologous to the prostate gland in males.