Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfate Resistance of Rice Husk Ash Concrete

Durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist deterioration after exposure to the environment of its use. This work investigates the performance of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) concrete in sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and combined Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions. Concrete bar specimens and cubes were prepared for expansion and strength deterioration tests respectively using RHA replacement at the 7.5% replacement by volume, which had achieved the highest compressive strength, as well as at the 30% replacement by volume, which was the highest replacement for the study. Strength deterioration tests were performed on the 7.5% replacement by the weight of cement. From the expansion test findings, it was concluded that at the 7.5% replacement, RHA could be used with an advantage over 100% cement concrete in MgSO4 environments, whereas at the 30% replacement, RHA could be used with an advantage over 100% cement concrete in both the Na2SO4 and mixed sulfate environments. RHA was also found to be more effective in resisting surface deterioration in all the sulfate solutions. The RHA specimens also exhibited superior strength deterioration resistance in comparison to the 100% cement specimens.
Exploring barriers of enterprise search implementation: a qualitative user study

– Despite a growing demand for enterprise search from practice, little is known about its implementation from an academic perspective. As the few available practice-oriented investigations show, enterprise search user satisfaction is rather low. The purpose of this paper is therefore to explore user-centric barriers of enterprise search implementation in order to increase user satisfaction. , – Results are built on a qualitative user study in an R & D organization. Findings are gained from think-aloud observations introduced by semi-structured interviews in which ten knowledge workers explore a newly implemented enterprise search tool. , – Findings illustrate barriers that knowledge workers have to overcome when adopting enterprise search to find project-relevant documents. Implementation barriers relate to selection for keywords, search query formulation, availability and adequacy of metadata, relevance judging of search results, current search strategies, and overall perception of enterprise search usefulness. , – Limitations address the piloted enterprise search software, along with its specific configuration and scope, the chosen research approach of generating qualitative findings from a single case, and the size of the involved sample of engineers. Implications address measures to increase enterprise search adoption. , – This study provides project managers with knowledge to take appropriate actions in the early phases of enterprise search implementation, and even prior to that, to raise the success of enterprise search projects. It contributes to a better understanding of enterprise search engine user needs and assists in concretizing user requirements. , – While existing studies primarily focus on advancing the technical perspective of search in organizations, the author elaborate on the under-investigated social and organizational aspects. The author furthermore stress the importance of user-centered approaches for enterprise search adoption.
Optimal Stopping Games for Markov Processes

Let $X=(X_t)_{t \ge 0}$ be a strong Markov process, and let $G_1,\, G_2$, and $G_3$ be continuous functions satisfying $G_1 \le G_3 \le G_2$ and $\mathsf{E}_x\sup_t \vert G_i(X_t) \vert < \infty$ for $i=1,2,3$. Consider the optimal stopping game where the sup-player chooses a stopping time $\tau$ to maximize, and the inf-player chooses a stopping time $\sigma$ to minimize, the expected payoff $\mathsf{M}_x(\tau,\sigma) = \mathsf{E}_x [G_1(X_\tau)\;\! I(\tau\! <\! \sigma) + G_2(X_\sigma)\;\! I(\sigma\! <\! \tau) + G_3(X_\tau)\;\! I(\tau\! =\! \sigma)],$ where $X_0=x$ under $\mathsf{P}_{\! x}$. Define the upper value and the lower value of the game by $V^*(x) = \inf_\sigma \sup_\tau \mathsf{M}_x(\tau,\sigma)~{\rm and}~ V_*(x) = \sup_\tau \inf_\sigma \mathsf{M}_x(\tau,\sigma),$ respectively, where the horizon $T$ (the upper bound for $\tau$ and $\sigma$ above) may be either finite or infinite (it is assumed that $G_1(X_T)=G_2(X_T)$ if $T$ is finite and $\liminf_{t \rightarrow \infty} G_2(X_t) \le \limsup_{t \rightarrow \infty} G_1(X_t)$ if $T$ is infinite). If $X$ is right-continuous, then the Stackelberg equilibrium holds, in the sense that $V^*(x)=V_*(x)$ for all $x$ with $V:=V^*=V_*$ defining a measurable function. If $X$ is right-continuous and left-continuous over stopping times (quasi-left-continuous), then the Nash equilibrium holds, in the sense that there exist stopping times $\tau_*$ and $\sigma_*$ such that $\mathsf{M}_x(\tau,\sigma_*) \le \mathsf{M}_x(\tau_*,\sigma_*) \le \mathsf{M}_x(\tau_*,\sigma)$ for all stopping times $\tau$ and $\sigma$, implying also that $V(x)=\mathsf{M}_x(\tau_*,\sigma_*)$ for all $x$. Further properties of the value function $V$ and the optimal stopping times $\tau_*$ and $\sigma_*$ are exhibited in the proof.
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma.

[Figure][1] A 30-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history presented with fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, along with hepatosplenomegaly, for >1 month. Laboratory findings for infectious etiology were nondiagnostic. He underwent surgical resection for splenomegaly. The spleen
mRNA expression profiling of phyllodes tumours of the breast: identification of genes important in the development of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours

The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in the development of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours of the breast (PTs). Expression profiling of 23 PTs (12 benign, 11 borderline/malignant) was performed using Affymetrix U133A GeneChips. mRNA expression in the borderline/malignant PTs was compared to the benign PTs. A group of 162 genes was over‐expressed in the borderline/malignant group with a fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.1. Four of these genes were chosen for further investigation: PAX3, SIX1, TGFB2 and HMGA2. Over‐expression was validated in a separate set of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumours, using either in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. This confirmed that expression of PAX3, SIX1, TGFB2 and HMGA2 in the stromal component of PTs was associated with the borderline/malignant phenotypes (p = 8.7 × 10−5, p = 0.05, p = 0.009, p = 0.003, respectively; Fisher's exact test). The functional consequences of down‐regulating these genes were studied using siRNA in short‐term cultures and cell lines established from PTs. mRNA ‘knock‐down’ of PAX3 resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation in both a malignant and a borderline PT cell culture. mRNA ‘knock‐down’ of SIX1 and HMGA2 resulted in decreased cell proliferation only in the malignant PT cell line, and ‘knock‐down’ of TGFB2 resulted in decreased cell proliferation only in the borderline PT cell culture. This study shows that these four genes are involved in the development of borderline/malignant PTs. SIX1 over‐expression was most marked in the highly malignant PTs, with particularly high expression in one case of metastatic PT. PAX3, TGFB2 and HMGA2 were expressed predominantly in borderline/malignant PTs, but showed some expression in benign tumours; they may be important in the transition from the benign to borderline/malignant phenotype. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity of LFF571 and three treatment agents against Clostridium difficile isolates collected for a pan-European survey in 2008: clinical and therapeutic implications.

OBJECTIVES In November 2008, a study was performed with support from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to obtain an overview of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) in European hospitals. A collection of 398 C. difficile isolates obtained from this hospital-based survey was utilized to identify antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common C. difficile PCR ribotypes across Europe. METHODS The MICs of three approved therapeutic agents (vancomycin, metronidazole and fidaxomicin) and LFF571 (a novel semi-synthetic thiopeptide antibiotic) were determined by the agar dilution method. RESULTS MICs of fidaxomicin and LFF571 were in general 2-4-fold lower than those of vancomycin and metronidazole. Isolates belonging to clade 2, including the hypervirulent ribotype 027, had one-dilution higher MIC50 and MIC90 values for fidaxomicin and metronidazole, whereas similar MIC values were observed for vancomycin and LFF571. Isolates belonging to C. difficile PCR ribotype 001 were more susceptible to fidaxomicin than other frequently found PCR ribotypes 014/020 and 078. Six isolates from three different countries had a metronidazole MIC of 2 mg/L. Four of the six isolates were characterized as PCR ribotype 001. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of in vitro resistance of C. difficile to any of the four agents tested. However, the results suggest type-specific differences in susceptibility for the treatment agents we investigated. Continuous surveillance of C. difficile isolates in Europe is needed to determine the possible clinical implications of ribotype-specific changes in susceptibility to therapeutic agents.
Evaluation of PCR Methods for Rapid Identification and Differentiation of Streptococcus uberis andStreptococcus parauberis

ABSTRACT Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis reference strains and isolates obtained from routine diagnostics were investigated by PCR with oligonucleotide primers designed according to species-specific parts of the 16S rRNA gene, the 23S rRNA gene, and the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of both species. All three primer pairs allowed an identification of 67 isolates as S. uberis and 4 isolates as S. parauberis.
Food habits of fishes in the mangrove estuary of Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, southern Japan

The food habits of 67 fish species collected from the mangrove estuary of the Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, southern Japan were investigated using gut content analysis. Ontogenetic changes in food preference were recognized in nine species, including mugilids, gerreids, mullids, gobiids and tetraodontids. In most cases, juveniles of these species fed mostly on small crustaceans (e.g. calanoid and cyclopoid copepods and gammaridean amphipods) or detritus. With their subsequent growth, larger prey items (e.g. crabs and polychaetes) became dominant. A cluster analysis based on dietary overlaps showed that the mangrove fish assemblage comprised eight trophic groups (zooplankton, small benthic crustacean, large benthic crustacean, polychaete, fish, detritus, plant and insect feeders). Of these, large and small benthic crustacean feeders, which consumed mainly crabs and gammaridean amphipods, respectively, were the most abundantly represented in terms of species, whereas polychaete and insect feeders were each represented by only two species.
Evolution of massive protostars: the IRAS 18151 1208 region ?;??

Context. The study of physical and chemical properties of massive protostars is critical for better understanding the evolutionary sequence that leads to the formation of high-mass stars. Aims. IRAS 18151-1208 is a nearby massive region (d = 3 kpc, L similar to 2 x 10(4) L-circle dot) that splits into three cores: MM1, MM2, and MM3 (separated by 1'-2'). We aim at (1) studying the physical and chemical properties of the individual MM1, MM2, and MM3 cores; (2) deriving their evolutionary stages; (3) using these results to improve our view of the evolutionary sequence of massive cores. Methods. The region was observed in the CS, (CS)-S-34, H2CO, HCO+, (HCO+)-C-13, and N2H+ lines at mm wavelengths with the IRAM 30 m and Mopra telescopes. We use 1D and 2D modeling of the dust continuum to derive the density and temperature distributions, which are then used in the RATRAN code to model the lines and constrain the abundances of the observed species. Results. All the lines were detected in MM1 and MM2. MM3 shows weaker emission, or is even undetected in HCO+ and all isotopic species. MM2 is driving a newly discovered CO outflow and hosts a mid-IR-quiet massive protostar. The abundance of CS is significantly greater in MM1 than in MM2, but smaller than in a reference massive protostar such as AFGL 2591. In contrast, the N2H+ abundance decreases from MM2 to MM1, and is larger than in AFGL 2591. Conclusions. Both MM1 and MM2 host an early-phase massive protostar, but MM2 (and mid-IR-quiet sources in general) is younger and dominated more by the host protostar than MM1 (mid-IR-bright). The MM3 core is probably in a pre-stellar phase. We find that the N2H+/(CS)-S-34 ratio varies systematically with age in the massive protostars for which the data are available. It can be used to identify young massive protostars.
Decreased hospital stay and significant cost savings after routine use of prophylactic gastrostomy for high‐risk patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy at a tertiary cancer institution

Evidence‐based nutritional and swallowing guidelines were developed to identify patients at high risk of developing malnutrition during chemoradiation for head and neck cancer. These guidelines recommended a prophylactic gastrostomy and were actively implemented at our institution in January 2007. This study assesses the effect of this policy change on patient outcomes.
Changes in chemokines and chemokine receptor expression on tonsillar B cells upon Epstein–Barr virus infection

Chemokines and chemokine receptors are likely to play important roles in the pathogenesis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) ‐associated disease. The primary EBV infection occurs in the oropharynx where the virus infects mainly tonsillar B cells. We have previously shown that CXCR4 expression on tonsillar B cells is modulated by EBV. Here, CXCR5 and CCR7 expression, which is important for migration into lymphoid tissue, was followed for 14 days after EBV infection of tonsillar B cells. Early after infection (2 days) there were only minor changes in CXCR5 and CCR7 expression. However, at day 7 the expression of CXCR5, as well as of CCR7, was decreased and by day 14 these molecules were no longer present at the cell surface. Furthermore, EBV infection affects the chemotactic response to CXCL13 and CCL21 (the ligands for CXCR5 and CCR7, respectively) with a reduction of ligand‐induced migration at day 2. Using gene expression profiling, we identified an additional set of chemokines and chemokine receptors that were changed upon EBV infection in comparison with non‐infected tonsillar B cells. In particular, messenger RNA expression for CCR9 and the complement receptor C5AR1 was increased. Both receptors mediate homing to mucosal tissue. The alterations of the expression of these molecules may lead to retention of EBV‐infected tonsillar B cells in the interfollicular region of the tonsil.
Information and entropy in strange attractors

A technique for analyzing time-series data from experiments is presented that provides estimates of four basic characteristics of a system: (1) the measure-theoretic entropy; (2) the accuracy of the measurements; (3) the number of measurements necessary to specify a system state; and (4) the best delay time T to use in order to construct phase space portraits by the method of delays. These characteristics are obtained by separating the entropy of measurements into a part due to noise and parts due to deterministic effects. For the technique to work, the noise associated with each measurement must be independent of the noise associated with all other measurements. An algorithm for implementing the analysis is presented with three examples. >
Spectrum of AIDS defining & non-AIDS defining malignancies in north India

Background & objectives: There is scarcity of data on the frequency of malignancies in HIV infected individuals from India. The objective of this study was to determine the type and frequency of malignancies in HIV infected individuals attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. Methods: The study design included retrospective analysis of data of all HIV infected individuals registered in the Immunodeficiency clinic from December 2009 to December 2011 and a prospective analysis of HIV infected individuals registered from January 2012 to April 2013. The clinical details and treatment outcomes of all individuals diagnosed to have AIDS defining and non-AIDS defining malignancies were recorded. Results: Records of 2880 HIV infected individuals were reviewed. Thirty one (19 males, 12 females) individuals were diagnosed to have malignancy. AIDS defining malignancy was found in the form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 12 individuals and cervical cancer in six women. Non-AIDS defining malignancies included Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=2); and chronic myelogenous leukaemia, carcinoma base of tongue, carcinoma larynx, carcinoma bronchus, sinonasal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, anal carcinoma, carcinoma urinary bladder, pleomorphic sarcoma, parathyroid adenoma, and renal cell carcinoma in one individual each. Mean CD4+cell count prior to ART initiation was 250 ± 195.6 (median: 187; range, 22-805) cells/μl and at the time of diagnosis of malignancy was 272 ± 202 (median: 202; range, 15-959) cells/μl. The mean CD4+ count of individuals with AIDS defining malignancy was significantly lower when compared with non-AIDS defining malignancy (P<0.001). Fourteen individuals were alive and on regular follow up, 15 had died and two cases were lost to follow up. Interpretation & conclusions: The frequency of malignancies in HIV infected patients at our centre was 1 per cent, with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma being the commonest. Further studies need to be done to document similar data from different parts of the country.
Effect of oleocanthal and its derivatives on inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in a murine chondrocyte cell line.

OBJECTIVE In joint diseases, cartilage homeostasis is disrupted by mechanisms that are driven by combinations of biologic factors that vary according to the disease process. In osteoarthritis (OA), biomechanical stimuli predominate, with up-regulation of both catabolic and anabolic factors. Likewise, OA progression is characterized by increased nitric oxide (NO) production, which has been associated with cartilage degradation. Given the relevance of cartilage degenerative diseases in our society, the development of a novel pharmacologic intervention is a critically important public health goal. Recently, oleocanthal isolated from extra virgin olive oil was found to display nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug activity similar to that of ibuprofen, a drug widely used in the therapeutic management of joint inflammatory diseases. We undertook this study to evaluate the effect of oleocanthal and its derivatives on the modulation of NO production in chondrocytes. METHODS Cultured ATDC-5 chondrocytes were tested with different doses of oleocanthal and its derivatives. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Nitrite accumulation was determined in culture supernatant using the Griess reaction. Inducible NO synthase (NOS2) protein expression was examined using Western blotting analysis. RESULTS Oleocanthal and its derivatives decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced NOS2 synthesis in chondrocytes without significantly affecting cell viability at lower concentrations. Among the derivatives we examined, derivative 231 was the most interesting, since its inhibitory effect on NOS2 was devoid of cytotoxicity even at higher concentrations. CONCLUSION This class of molecules shows potential as a therapeutic weapon for the treatment of inflammatory degenerative joint diseases.
Enamel defects on permanent successors following luxation injuries to primary teeth and carers' experiences.

BACKGROUND Trauma to primary teeth may have consequences. AIM To study frequency of enamel defects in permanent successors after luxation injuries, and to report carers' experiences. METHODS Children 8-15 years (n = 170) suffering luxation injury to primary dentition in 2003 were reexamined in 2010. Permanent successors (n = 300) were clinically examined and photographed. Data from dental records, registration form and a questionnaire were analysed by cross-tabulation and tested by chi-square and t-test. RESULTS Enamel defects were registered in 130 successor teeth, 22% due to trauma, 21% due to other aetiological factors (MIH, dental fluorosis, idiopathic). Successors with enamel defects were after concussion 8%, subluxation 18%, lateral luxation 41%, intrusion 38% and avulsion 47%. Enamel defects were associated with the child's age and severity of the injury (P < 0.05). Six children had enamel defects in successors of non-injured primary teeth. Anxiety recorded by carers was associated with severity and number of injured teeth (P < 0.05). According to carers eight children developed dental fear, seven were younger than 3.5 years and had had their injured teeth removed. CONCLUSION Minor luxation injuries and indirect trauma may cause enamel defects in permanent successors. Lower age at injury, severity and number of injured teeth affect carer and child negatively.
Reply to Slankamenac et al's Comprehensive Complication Index Validation Study.

Reply: We read with interest the validation study reported by Slakamenac et al of the Comprehensive Complication Index. We strongly endorse their endeavors to develop a standardized method of quantifying the overall burden of postoperative complications, though we have some questions regarding this validation study: Only 1 of the 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this validation study used overall complications as its primary endpoint. The other two used a specific complication of the surgery in question (pancreatic fistula and anastomotic stricture, respectively) as the primary outcome. Could the authors explain the decision to retrospectively validate the comprehensive complications index (CCI), which is designed to quantify overall postoperative morbidity, using data from RCTs which each chose a specific complication as the primary outcome measure? In the first trial that did report ‘‘overall rate of complications’’ as its primary outcome, the CCI found no significant difference in overall morbidity, whereas the original trial found significant differences for multiple secondary endpoints (severe complications, in-hospital costs, length of stay, and stoma reversal rate). Similarly, the second trial reported demonstrates that