Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bullying and Victimization: The Role of Conduct Problems and Psychopathic Traits

Bullying and victimization occurring in adolescence can have a long-lasting negative impact into adulthood. This study investigates whether conduct problems (CP) and dimensions of psychopathy predict the developmental course of bullying and victimization from ages 12 to 14 among 1,416 Greek-Cypriot adolescents. Results indicate that initial levels of bullying were highest among adolescents scoring high on narcissism, impulsivity, or CP—particularly for those also showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Bullying behaviors were also more stable among youth scoring high on narcissism. Further, youth high on impulsivity showed more stable victimization by peers across development. Importantly, adolescents high on CP+CU were at greater risk for engaging in bullying across development compared with those scoring lower on CU traits or CP.
Nearly linear time approximation schemes for Euclidean TSP and other geometric problems

We present a randomized polynomial time approximation scheme for Euclidean TSP in R/sup 2/ that is substantially more efficient than our earlier scheme (1996) (and the scheme of Mitchell (1996)). For any fixed c>1 and any set of n nodes in the plane, the new scheme finds a (1+1/c)-approximation to the optimum traveling salesman tour in O(n(logn)/sup O(c)/) time. (Our earlier scheme ran in n/sup O(C)/ time. ) For points in R/sup d/ the algorithm runs in O(n(logn)/sup (O(/spl radic/dc)/d-1)) time. This time is polynomial (actually nearly linear) for every fixed c, d. Designing such a polynomial-time algorithm was an open problem (our earlier algorithm (1996) ran in superpolynomial time for d/spl ges/3). The algorithm generalizes to the same set of Euclidean problems handled by the previous algorithm, including Steiner Tree, /spl kappa/-TSP, /spl kappa/-MST, etc, although for /spl kappa/-TSP and /spl kappa/-MST the running time gets multiplied by /spl kappa/. We also use our ideas to design nearly-linear time approximation schemes for Euclidean versions of problems that are known to be in P, such as Minimum Spanning Tree and Min Cost Perfect Matching. All our algorithms can be derandomized, though the running time then increases by O(n/sup d/) in R/sup d/. They also have simple parallel implementations (say, in NC/sup 2/).
Investigating the use of analysis contracts to support fault isolation in object oriented code

A number of activities involved in testing software are known to be difficult and time consuming. Among them is the isolation of faults once failures have been detected. In this paper, we investigate how the instrumentation of contracts could address this issue. Contracts are known to be a useful technique to specify the precondition and postcondition of operations and class invariants, thus making the definition of object-oriented analysis or design elements more precise. Our aim in this paper is to reuse and instrument contracts to ease testing. A thorough case study is run where we define contracts, instrument them using a commercial tool, and assess the benefits and limitations of doing so to support the isolation of faults. We then draw practical conclusions regarding the applicability of the approach and its limitations.
University of Southern Denmark The Impact of Sound Structure on Morphology An Experimental Study on the Acquisition of German and Danish Noun Plurals Focusing on Stem Change

This study examines the impact of sound structure on children’s acquisition of noun plural morphology, focussing on stem change. For this purpose, a threelevel classification of stem change properties according to sound structure is presented, with increasing opacity of the plural stem: no change, weak change, strong change. General hypotheses are presented as well as predictions following from them, both general and language-specific. The relevance of stem change is tested in 140 German-speaking and 140 Danish-speaking children from the age of three to nine years, by using a plural elicitation task. Results show that in both languages, stem change has an impact on children’s correct production of plural stems. Language-specific differences between German and Danish both in correct responses and in overgeneralization errors are compared to our predictions and discussed in detail.
Mentors, role models, and heroes in the lives of gifted children

Gifted children can benefit from relationships with adults who are successful in their areas of interest. These adults may be present in children's lives as mentors, role models, or heroes and heroines. The relationships that develop range from close, interactive partnerships to admiration or imitation of public figures. This review examines the literature dealing with mentorships, mentor programs for gifted students, the use of role models in gifted education, and the heroes of gifted children as compared to those of the general population. The conclusions drawn from literature in these areas have a number of implications for further research and for the field of gifted education.
Relationships between child‐rearing practices and primary school children's functional adjustment in the People's Republic of China

The aim of this study was to examine Chinese mothers' child-rearing practices with boys and girls and to relate these to teachers' ratings of children's functional adjustment in school. The sample consisted of 290 4th grade primary school children (mean age 10.3) in Beuing, the People's Republic of China. Results indicated that the questionnaires—developed in a Western culturc—gave quite meaningful information when used with the Chinese subjects. The findings were well in line with the impressions of Westerns observers that the Chinese child-rearing is restrictive. The Chinese children, especially girls, seemed to have few adjustment problems. The correlations between mothers' child-rearing practices and teachers' ratings of children's functional adjustment showed few significant relationships. The sex differences in children's functional adjustment were interpreted to reflect genetic variations in basic predispositions in boys and girls, which had been subtly enlarged by more or less clear, sex-linked differences in environmental conditions.
Status-based expectancies for aggression, with regard to gender differences in aggression in social psychological research

Meta-analyses of social psychological research have identified gender differences in aggression [Bettencourt and Miller, 1996; Eagly and Steffen, 1986], which have been understood to date in terms of social role theory [Eagly, 1987]. The present studies examined the hypothesis that women's lower status relative to men can account for these observed differences. Participants in Study 1 were presented low- and high-status targets, with status unconfounded with gender, and reported their perceptions of these targets' aggression. Perceptions were for features addressed in the meta-analyses. As expected, low- relative to high-status individuals were generally perceived in a manner analogous to how women relative to men are portrayed in the meta-analyses. Participants in Study 2 reported on their perceptions of women's and men's aggression; findings also generally conformed to those of the meta-analyses. Findings are discussed in terms of a status account of gender. Aggr. Behav. 31:000–000, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The RNA-binding Proteins FMR1, Rasputin and Caprin Act Together with the UBA Protein Lingerer to Restrict Tissue Growth in Drosophila melanogaster

Appropriate expression of growth-regulatory genes is essential to ensure normal animal development and to prevent diseases like cancer. Gene regulation at the levels of transcription and translational initiation mediated by the Hippo and Insulin signaling pathways and by the TORC1 complex, respectively, has been well documented. Whether translational control mediated by RNA-binding proteins contributes to the regulation of cellular growth is less clear. Here, we identify Lingerer (Lig), an UBA domain-containing protein, as growth suppressor that associates with the RNA-binding proteins Fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMR1) and Caprin (Capr) and directly interacts with and regulates the RNA-binding protein Rasputin (Rin) in Drosophila melanogaster. lig mutant organs overgrow due to increased proliferation, and a reporter for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is upregulated in a lig mutant situation. rin, Capr or FMR1 in combination as double mutants, but not the respective single mutants, display lig like phenotypes, implicating a redundant function of Rin, Capr and FMR1 in growth control in epithelial tissues. Thus, Lig regulates cell proliferation during development in concert with Rin, Capr and FMR1.
Reliability and Validity of the Greek Version of the STAIC

Summary: This study describes the adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC; Spielberger, Edwards, Lushene, Montuori, & Platzek, 1973) to the Greek population. It was hypothesized that the STAIC would be able to measure children's state-trait anxiety levels. In the initial phase, a sample of 100 children, aged 9-12 years, was used in order to shape the final form of the inventory. In the final phase, two different samples (N = 875), aged 9-12 years, were used to test the validity and reliability of the inventory, using exploratory (Sample A; n = 425) and confirmatory (Sample B; n = 450) factor analyses. The results indicated that both scales possessed an acceptable internal consistency and reliability. The factor analysis in the total of the items indicated three factors, that is “absence of state anxiety,” “presence of state anxiety,” and “trait anxiety. ” Also, confirmatory factor analysis (AMOS; Arbuckle, 1997) verified three factors. It is therefore concluded that the scales h.
Reducing Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep Does Not Significantly Improve Insomnia in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The present study examined to examine whether improvement of insomnia is mediated by a reduction in sleep-related dysfunctional beliefs through cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. In total, 64 patients with chronic insomnia received cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia consisting of 6 biweekly individual treatment sessions of 50 minutes in length. Participants were asked to complete the Athens Insomnia Scale and the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale both at the baseline and at the end of treatment. The results showed that although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia greatly reduced individuals’ scores on both scales, the decrease in dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep with treatment did not seem to mediate improvement in insomnia. The findings suggest that sleep-related dysfunctional beliefs endorsed by patients with chronic insomnia may be attenuated by cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, but changes in such beliefs are not likely to play a crucial role in reducing the severity of insomnia.
Employment in the Informal Sector

The reduction of poverty is one of the main goals proclaimed by the United Nations in its Millennium Declaration of 2000. In this article I aim to clarify the links between the problems of poverty and the growth of employment in the informal sector in Russia. In the international context, links are often made among issues of poverty, lack of social protection of workers employed in the informal economy, and gender. For example, the Harvard researcher Martha Chen considers that “a close link exists among such statuses as being poor, being a woman, and working in the informal economy” [retranslated from Russian] (Chen 2001). For the majority of Russian researchers the gender aspect of employment in the informal economy remains invisible or appears not to be of interest. Academic publications pay practically no attention to it (Khotkina 2002, pp. 106–19). Therefore, the question I address in this article concerns the gender aspect of the problem. Are Chen’s
Systematic Review of Questionnaires Measuring Patient Satisfaction in Ambulatory Anesthesia

Background:Patient satisfaction has become an important component of quality improvement in ambulatory anesthesia services. However, it is difficult to measure due to its subjective and complex psychological construct. Psychometric methodology has been successfully used to evaluate this outcome. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate questionnaires to measure patient satisfaction with ambulatory anesthesia. Methods:A systematic literature search of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HAPI, PsycINFO, and Dissertation Abstracts was performed to identify studies on questionnaires evaluating patient satisfaction after ambulatory anesthesia. The authors included the articles that used multiple-item questionnaires, and the questionnaires were assessed with the strategy of psychometric questionnaire construction, validity, reliability, and acceptability. Results:The authors scanned 131 articles yielded by our search strategy. Eleven articles were included in the study. Two questionnaires, IOWA Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale and Evaluation du Vecu de I'Anesthesie Generale, fulfilled the criteria, but the latter was not developed specifically for ambulatory anesthesia, whereas Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale was designed only for monitored anesthesia patients. Conclusions:In a large number of trials, patient satisfaction has been evaluated using overall satisfaction or nonvalidated questionnaires. Only a few studies have developed questionnaires with rigorous psychometric methods to measure patient satisfaction with anesthesia care. At this time, there is still no valid or reliable questionnaire for measuring patient satisfaction in ambulatory anesthesia. Further study should be conducted to develop standardized instruments to measure this outcome.
Treatment-induced neuroplasticity following intensive naming therapy in a case of chronic Wernicke's aphasia

Background: Renewed interest in the effects of intensity on treatment has led to development of short-term, intensive treatment protocols, such as Constraint-Induced Language Therapy (CILT), in which participants with chronic aphasia begin to show statistically significant language improvements in as little as 2 weeks. Given its relatively short treatment cycle, CILT is also a good choice of treatment methodology for studying brain/behaviour plasticity in post-stroke aphasia. Aims: This study aimed to examine differences between two short, intensive treatment protocols in a participant with chronic Wernicke's aphasia both in terms of treatment outcomes and changes in patterns of BOLD signal activation. Methods & Procedures: The participant (ACL) participated in language testing and an fMRI overt speech confrontation-naming paradigm pre and post 2 weeks of CILT, post 2 weeks of unconstrained language therapy (PACE), and 6 months post-CILT. He named 48 black/white line drawings from each of four conditions: treated (CILT or PACE), untreated, or consistently correctly named pictures. Outcomes & Results: Naming treated pictures improved, even in the scanner, while naming untreated pictures did not. About one third of PACE and three-fourths of CILT gains were maintained. Rather than a distinct pattern of activation distinguishing treated from untreated or CILT from PACE pictures, ACL recruited a frontal network during naming of all pictures that included left middle and inferior frontal cortex, SMA and pre-SMA, and that varied in spatial extent and degree of activation according to accuracy and performance expectation. In post-hoc analyses of accuracy, this frontal network was most active during incorrect trials. At 6 months post-CILT, compared to controls, incorrect naming recruited a large and significant bilateral network including right Wernicke's area homologue. Conclusions: Results suggest that short, intensive therapy can improve naming and jumpstart language recovery in chronic aphasia, whether responses are constrained to the speech modality or not. Modulation of a left frontal network was associated with accuracy in naming and may represent compensatory adaptation to improve response selection, self-monitoring, and/or inhibition.
IFN‐γ‐activated monocytes weakly produce HIV‐1 but induce the recruitment of HIV‐sensitive T cells and enhance the viral production by these recruited T cells

The ability of macrophages to adapt to changing cytokine environments results in the dominance of a particular functional phenotype of macrophages, which would play a significant role in HIV pathogenesis. In comparison with untreated macrophages (M0), we examined the role of macrophages derived from IFN‐γ‐activated monocytes (M1) in the HIV spread. We show that M0 and M1 bind with the same efficiency HIV‐1 with a predominant role of C‐type lectins in the R5‐HIV attachment and of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the X4‐HIV attachment. Despite similar levels of R5‐ and X4‐HIV DNA, M1 replicates and weakly transmits the virus to activated T cells by releasing CXCR4‐ and CCR5‐interacting chemokines. The blockade of dendritic cell‐specific ICAM‐3‐grabbing nonintegrin expressed on M1 by mAb does not interfere with the viral transfer. Uninfected M1 recruits HIV‐sensitive T cells efficiently and releases soluble factors, enhancing the viral production by these recruited cells. This study highlights the role of IFN‐γ to induce a population of macrophages that archive HIV‐1 within a latent stage and cause the persistence of the virus by favoring the recruitment of T cells or enhancing the viral replication in infected CD4+ T cells.
MAKING DECISIONS ON PEOPLE IN BUSINESS: MEASUREMENT AND METHOD

The aim is to take decision making about people beyond “gut feel” and to make psychological measurement relevant to the key challenge of our time, which is to give strategic shape to the human aspect of business. The thesis is that, if we wish to obtain better results from our decisions than we do from gut feel alone, we must have the capacity to predict accurately the behaviours which lead to success in a given context. Psychological assessment gives us this capacity because it measures key and critical attributes, specifies their interaction, predicts their impact on behaviour and so constructs a model of psychological economy to forecast the success of the self‐in‐context. How psychological measurement accomplishes these tasks is explained and some consideration is given to key points of method.
The Early Stages of the Transition to Adulthood: Similarities and Differences between Mother-Daughter and Mother-Son Dyads

The action-project method was used to explore similarities and differences in the goals and activities of mothers and sons, and mothers and daughters, working together to facilitate a successful future transition to adulthood. Participants were 10 mother‐daughter dyads and 8 mother-son dyads, with a range of ethnicities and income levels. Data included video-recordings of conversations, transcripts of interviews, and self-report logs of activities. A team-based, constructivist analysis, grounded in the principles of action theory, yielded a complex pattern of results revealing the importance of attending to gender in the transition process. The dyads generally pursued similar types of transition projects (e.g., becoming more independent) and encountered similar kinds of barriers (e.g., lack of time). However, mother-daughter dyads were more active in pursuing their projects, engaged in more mutually open conversations, and experienced less conflict than their mother-son counterparts. The findings are discussed in terms of dyads' conceptualization of adulthood and implications for gendered patterns of education and career choice.
Exercise-Related Changes of Networks in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment Brain

Aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are accompanied by decline of cognitive functions. Meanwhile, the most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by loss of memory and other intellectual abilities serious to make difficulties for patients in their daily life. MCI is a transition period between normal aging and dementia, which has been used for early detection of emerging dementia. It converts to dementia with an annual rate of 5–15% as compared to normal aging with 1% rate. Small decreases in the conversion rate of MCI to AD might significantly reduce the prevalence of dementia. Thus, it is important to intervene at the preclinical stage. Since there are still no effective drugs to treat AD, non-drug intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in aging and MCI populations. Previous studies have found some cognitive brain networks disrupted in aging and MCI population, and physical exercise (PE) could effectively remediate the function of these brain networks. Understanding the exercise-related mechanisms is crucial to design efficient and effective PE programs for treatment/intervention of cognitive decline. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroimaging studies on physical training in normal aging and MCI to identify the potential mechanisms underlying current physical training procedures. Studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and positron emission tomography on brain networks were all included. Based on our review, the default mode network, fronto-parietal network and fronto-executive network are probably the three most valuable targets for efficiency evaluation of interventions.
Cell Growth Inhibition upon Deletion of Four Toxin-Antitoxin Loci from the Megaplasmids of Sinorhizobium meliloti

ABSTRACT Toxin and antitoxin (TA) gene pairs are addiction systems that are present in many microbial genomes. Sinorhizobium meliloti is an N2-fixing bacterial symbiont of alfalfa and other leguminous plants, and its genome consists of three large replicons, a circular chromosome (3.7 Mb) and the megaplasmids pSymA (1.4 Mb) and pSymB (1.7 Mb). S. meliloti carries 211 predicted type II TA genes, each encoding a toxin or an antitoxin. We constructed defined deletion strains that collectively removed the entire pSymA and pSymB megaplasmids except for their oriV regions. Of approximately 100 TA genes on pSymA and pSymB, we identified four whose loss was associated with cell death or stasis unless copies of the genes were supplied in trans. Orthologs of three of these loci have been characterized in other organisms (relB/E [sma0471/sma0473], Fic [DOC] [sma2105], and VapC [PIN] [orf2230/sma2231]), and this report contains the first experimental proof that RES/Xre (smb21127/smb21128) loci can function as a TA system. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis did not reveal transcriptional differences between the TA systems to account for why deletion of the four “active” systems resulted in cell toxicity. These data suggest that severe cell growth phenotypes result from the loss of a few TA systems and that loss of most TA systems may result in more subtle phenotypes. These four TA systems do not appear to play a direct role in the S. meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis, as strains lacking these TA systems had a symbiotic N2 fixation phenotype that was indistinguishable from the wild type.