Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User-Centric Virtual Sectorization for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Downlink

The high training cost of the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems motivates the use of hybrid digital/analog (HDA) beamforming structures. This paper considers the joint design of analog beamformers when both link ends of a millimeter (mm)-wave massive MIMO system are equipped with such HDA structures. We aim to maximize the multi-user MIMO net average throughput of the downlink in a frequency division duplex system. To achieve this, we develop an optimization framework, namely, user-centric virtual sectorization (UCVS), to explore the tradeoff of training overhead, beamforming gain, and spatial multiplexing gain. In the UCVS, both the channel-statistics-based analog beamforming design and a non-orthogonal downlink training scheme are investigated to reduce the necessary cost of instantaneous channel acquisition. By maximizing an approximate net average throughput, we devise efficient algorithms to realize the suboptimal UCVS. With generic mm-wave channel models, we demonstrate by simulations that our proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in various typical scenarios of mm-wave communications.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITIES AMONG STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFTS IN THE GREAT OBSERVATORIES ORIGINS DEEP SURVEY

We have used the deep, multi–wavelength images obtained wit h the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on theHubble Space Telescope (HST) by the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) to id ent fy∼ 4700 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at redshifts 2 . 5< z< 5, and 292 starburst galaxies at z∼ 1.2. We present the results from a parametric analysis of the two-dimensional surface b rightness profiles using a Sérsic function, for the 1333 brightest LBGs with rest-frame M 1600≤ −20.5 AB magnitudes. We distinguish the various morphological t ypes based on the Sérsic index, n, which measures the profile shape. About 40% of LBGs at z∼ 3 have light profiles close to exponential, as seen for disks, and only about 30% of the galaxies have the high central concentrations seen in spheroids. We also identify a significant fraction ( ∼ 30%) of galaxies with shallower than exponential profiles, which appear to have multiple cores or disturbed morphologi es suggestive of close pairs or on-going mergers. The fraction of spheroid-like ( n> 2.5) LBGs decreases by about 15% from z∼ 5 to 3. A comparison of LBGs with the starburst galaxies at z∼ 1.2, shows that disk-like and merger morphologies are dominan t at both redshifts, but the fraction of spheroid-like profiles is about 20% higher among LBGs. The ellipticity distribution for LBGs exhibits a pronounced skew towards high ellipticities ( ǫ > 0.5), which cannot be explained by galaxy morphologies simila r to the local disks and spheroids viewed at random orientatio ns. The peak of the distribution evolves toward lower ellipticities, from 0.7 atz = 4 to∼ 0.5 atz = 3. The ellipticity distribution for thez∼ 1.2 galaxies is similar to the relatively flat distribution seen among the present–day galaxies. The dominance of elongated morphologies among LBGs suggests that in a significant fraction of them we m ay be witnessing star-formation in clumps along gas-rich filaments, or the earliest gas-rich bars that encom pass essentially the entire visible galaxy. Similar featur es are found to be ubiquitous in hydrodynamical simulations in which galaxy formation at high redshifts occurs in filamentary inflows of dynamically–cold gas within the dark m atter halos, and involves gas-rich mergers. Subject headings: galaxies: evolution — galaxies: formation — galaxies: high -redshift — galaxies: fundamental parameters — galaxies: structure
Children in Changing Families: Life After Parental Separation

List of Figures and Tables.Series Editor's Preface.Acknowledgments. Glossary of Studies Frequently Referred to in the Book.Introduction. 1. The Context of Family Transitions. 2. Frameworks for Understanding Family Transitions. 3. Family Transitions and Outcomes for Children. 4. Children's Perceptions of Families and Family Change. 5. Families that Separate. 6. Stepfamilies and Multiple Transitions. 7. Fathers in Families. 8. Explaining Outcomes for Children and Young People. 9. Overview and Future Direction.References. Index.
Politics in India

This is a collection of papers analyzing the sociological bases of Indian politics. The volume includes contributions by leading scholars from several disciplines: politics, sociology, anthropology, and political economy, and thus presents a variety of analytical and theoretical perspectives. This book is intended for scholars and students of sociology, social anthropology, politics and history.
Immunomodulatory activity of geranial, geranial acetate, gingerol, and eugenol essential oils: evidence for humoral and cell-mediated responses

Objective: The immunomodulatory effect of geranial, geranial acetate, gingerol, and eugenol essential oils were evaluated by studying humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Materials and Method: The essential oils were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity in in vivo studies, using rats as the animal model. The essential oils were tested for hypersensitivity and hemagglutination reactions, using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as the antigen while sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) served as the control in all the tests. Result: Orally administrated essential oils showed a significant increase of test parameters, viz., haemagglutinating antibody titre (HAT) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. In rats immunized with sheep RBC, essential oils enhanced the humoral antibody response to the antigen and significantly potentiated the cellular immunity by facilitating the foot pad thickness response to sheep RBC in sensitized rats with doses of 50-800 mg/ml. Haemagglutination titre of geraniol showed the highest increase of 139.3±6.38 and with 5.9±0.7 DTH, respectively. For geranial acetate, the haemagglutination titre showed a moderate increase of 87.5±5.9 and highest increase in DTH with 5.9±0.8, respectively. Using gingerol, the haemagglutination titre showed a moderate increase with 88.2±6.306 and DTH 3.5±0.5, respectively and for eugenol, the haemaggulation titre showed a moderate increase with 112.06±6.169 and DTH 4.4±0.6, respectively. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The essential oils were found to have a significant immunostimulant activity on both the specific and non-specific immune mechanisms.
School Staff's Perceptions and Attitudes towards Cyberbullying

Parallel with the spread of technology use, cyberbullying has become a serious problem in schools, particularly those in developed countries where most young people have ready access to the Internet and mobile phones. Cyberbullying can cause significant emotional harm, disrupt social development, and can be associated with negative student outcomes. As schools must provide students with a safe learning environment, they are challenged with ways to address the phenomenon of cyberbullying. To minimize the negative effects of cyberbullying, and to assist school staff to understand and address this issue, it is necessary to examine the views of school staff on cyberbullying. Positioned within the framework of Social-Ecological Theory, this study explored teachers’ and senior managers’ perceptions and attitudes towards cyberbullying. Data were collected using an anonymous online self-report questionnaire on cyberbullying. One hundred and twelve senior managers and ninety eight teachers, currently working in New Zealand schools, participated in the study. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate whether groups of items of the questionnaire assessed distinct attitudinal constructs. Results from the exploratory factor analysis indicated that attitudes towards cyberbullying was a multi-dimensional construct composed by three factors (i.e., ‘Concern’, ‘Empathy’ and ‘Responsibility’). The results also showed that most school staff understood what behaviours constitute cyberbullying. However, a significant proportion of school staff were unlikely to identify social exclusion as being a component of cyberbullying. School staff perceived cyberbullying as conducted mainly by girls and by students across all age groups. In addition, school staff were concerned about cyberbullying, they were empathetic towards cybervictims and they believed that cyberbullies could be helped. However, school staff, especially senior managers, were unlikely to perceive cyberbullying as a problem in their schools and likely to report low frequencies of cyberbullying. Moreover, school staff felt only moderately responsible for preventing cyberbullying as it commonly occurs outside the school. Theoretical and applied implications, for the different levels of the Social-Ecological Theory that affect cyberbullying behaviours, are discussed.
The Protective Role of Antioxidants in the Defence against ROS/RNS-Mediated Environmental Pollution

Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can result from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as ionising and nonionising radiation, ultraviolet radiation, elevated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, cigarette smoke, asbestos, particulate matter, pesticides, dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other compounds present in the environment. It appears that increased oxidative/nitrosative stress is often neglected mechanism by which environmental pollutants affect human health. Oxidation of and oxidative damage to cellular components and biomolecules have been suggested to be involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and aging. Several studies have demonstrated that the human body can alleviate oxidative stress using exogenous antioxidants. However, not all dietary antioxidant supplements display protective effects, for example, β-carotene for lung cancer prevention in smokers or tocopherols for photooxidative stress. In this review, we explore the increases in oxidative stress caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of antioxidants.
X-Ray Observation and Analysis of the Composite Supernova Remnant G327.1–1.1

Based on the data from the observation of the supernova remnant (SNR) G327.1-1.1 by the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA) and ROSAT, we find that G327.1-1.1 is a composite remnant with both a nonthermal emission component and a diffuse thermal emission component. The nonthermal component is well fitted by a power-law model with photon index Γ~2.2. This component is attributed to the emission from the synchrotron nebula powered by an undiscovered central pulsar. The thermal component has a temperature of about 0.4 keV. We attribute it to the emission from the shock-heat swept-up interstellar medium (ISM). Its age, explosion energy, and density of ambient medium are derived from the observed thermal component. Some characteristics of the synchrotron nebula are also derived. We have searched for the pulsed signal but have not found it. The soft X-ray (0.4-2 keV) and hard X-ray (2-10 keV) images are different, but they both elongate in the southeast-northwest direction. And this X-ray southeast-northwest elongation is in positional coincidence with the radio ridge in the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) 843 MHz radio map. We present a possibility that the X-ray nonthermal emission mainly comes from the trail produced by a quickly moving undiscovered pulsar, and the long radio ridge is formed when the pulsar is moving out of the boundary of the plerionic structure.
Human Behavior in Global Perspective: An Introduction to Cross Cultural Psychology

Preface. 1.The Socio-Cultural Nature of Human Beings. How to Comprehend Behavior and Culture. The Centrality of Learning. The Essence of Being Human. Anthropological Perspectives on Culture. Culture and Biology. Race: Can This Tenacious Concept Be Supplanted? The Point of View of This Book. The Scope of This Book. 2.Cross-Cultural Research: Scope and Methods. A Conceptual Framework for Cross-Cultural Psychology. The Social and Cultural Context: Basic Concepts. Cross-Cultural Psychology's Paradigm: A Balanced Approach. An Antecedent of the Eco-Cultural Framework: The Culture and Personality School. Methodology in Cross-Cultural Research: Some Problems and Some Solutions. Conclusion. 3.Human Development and Informal Education. Why Study Developmental Psychology Cross-Culturally? The Developmental Niche. Informal Education. Adolescence, Life Span, and Old Age. Conclusion. 4.Perceptual and Cognitive Processes. Perception and Visual Illusions. Categorization. Memory. Problem Solving. The Cognitive Consequences of Literacy and Schooling. Experimental Anthropology. Conclusion. 5.Alternative Views on Human Competence: General Intelligence and Genetic Epistemology. The Historical Legacy. General Intelligence. Deficiency versus Difference Interpretations of Cognitive achievement. Genetic Epistemology. Conclusion. 6.Everyday Cognition and Cognitive Anthropology. The Sociohistorical Approach: Piaget versus Vygotsky. Ethnography of Daily Life. Cognitive Anthropology or Ethnoscience. Everyday Knowledge of Arithmetic. Everyday Space and Geometry. Transfer and Generalization. Learning and Teaching Processes. The Sociocultural Paradigm. Conclusion. 7.Motives, Beliefs, and Values. Why Study Values Cross-Culturally? Culturally-Influenced Beliefs about Illness. Measurement of Values. Problems Involved in Assessing Cultural Values. Other Value Domains. Some Concluding Observations. 8.Males and Females and the Relations between Them. Why Study Sex and Gender Cross-Culturally? Psychological Differences between the Sexes. Differing Socialization for Boys and Girls: Why and with What Consequences. Gender Identity: Self-Perceptions of Men and Women across Cultures. Sex Role Ideology: Culture and Male-Female Relationships. A Sociocultural Theory of Human Sexuality. Conclusion. 9.Culture and Aggression. How Is Aggression Related to Crime? A Conceptual Framework for Aggression Research. Cross-Cultural Studies of Gender Differences in Aggression. Conclusion. 10.Intercultural Relations in a Shrinking World. From Parochialism toward Global Consciousness? Implications of Various Kinds of Ethnocentrism. Ethnic Conflict. Some Conclusions and Tentative Prescriptions. 11.Acculturation. Culture Change. Acculturation. Psychological Acculturation. An Acculturation Framework. Some Possible Applications. 12.Conclusions. On the Importance of the Sociocultural Context. Cross-Cultural Psychology vis-a-vis General Psychology. Practical Implications of Cross-Cultural Research. Summary and Future Directions. Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index.
Ion fluxes across the pitcher walls of three Bornean Nepenthes pitcher plant species: flux rates and gland distribution patterns reflect nitrogen sequestration strategies

Nepenthes pitcher plant species differ in their prey capture strategies, prey capture rates, and pitcher longevity. In this study, it is investigated whether or not interspecific differences in nutrient sequestration strategy are reflected in the physiology and microstructure of the pitchers themselves. Using a non-invasive technique (MIFE), ion fluxes in pitchers of Nepenthes ampullaria Jack, Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.f. , and Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack were measured. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to characterize the distribution of glandular and other structures on the inner pitcher walls. The results demonstrate that nutrient sequestration strategy is indeed mirrored in pitcher physiology and microstructure. Species producing long-lived pitchers with low prey capture rates (N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata) showed lower rates of NH4+ uptake than N. rafflesiana, a species producing short-lived pitchers with high capture rates. Crucially, species dependent upon aquatic commensals (N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata) actively manipulated H+ fluxes to maintain less acid pitcher fluid than found in ‘typical’ species; in addition, these species lacked the lunate cells and epicuticular waxes characteristic of ‘typical’ insectivorous congeners. An unexpected finding was that ion fluxes occurred in the wax-covered, non-glandular zones in N. rafflesiana. The only candidates for active transport of aqueous ions in these zones appear to be the epidermal cells lying beneath the lunate cells, as these are the only sites not visibly coated with epicuticular waxes.
A Multi-View Dense Image Matching Method for High-Resolution Aerial Imagery Based on a Graph Network

Multi-view dense matching is a crucial process in automatic 3D reconstruction and mapping applications. In this paper, we present a robust and effective multi-view dense matching algorithm for high-resolution aerial images based on a graph network. The overlap ratio and intersection angle between image pairs are used to find candidate stereo pairs and build the graph network. A Coarse-to-Fine strategy based on an improved Semi-Global Matching algorithm is applied for disparity computation across stereo pairs. Based on the constructed graph, point clouds of base views are generated by triangulating all connected image nodes, followed by a fusion process with the average reprojection error as a priority measure. The proposed method was successfully applied in experiments on aerial image test dataset provided by the ISPRS of Vaihingen, Germany and an oblique nadir image block of Zurich, Switzerland, using three kinds of matching configurations. The proposed method was compared to other state-of-art methods, SURE and PhotoScan. The results demonstrate that the proposed method delivers matches at higher completeness, efficiency, and accuracy than the other methods tested; the RMS for average reprojection error reached the sub pixel level and the actual positioning deviation was better than 1.5 GSD.
AhNRAMP1 iron transporter is involved in iron acquisition in peanut

Peanut/maize intercropping is a sustainable and effective agroecosystem to alleviate iron-deficiency chlorosis. Using suppression subtractive hybridization from the roots of intercropped and monocropped peanut which show different iron nutrition levels, a peanut gene, AhNRAMP1, which belongs to divalent metal transporters of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) gene family was isolated. Yeast complementation assays suggested that AhNRAMP1 encodes a functional iron transporter. Moreover, the mRNA level of AhNRAMP1 was obviously induced by iron deficiency in both roots and leaves. Transient expression, laser microdissection, and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that AhNRAMP1 was mainly localized on the plasma membrane of the epidermis of peanut roots. Induced expression of AhNRAMP1 in tobacco conferred enhanced tolerance to iron deprivation. These results suggest that the AhNRAMP1 is possibly involved in iron acquisition in peanut plants.
How We Do What We Want: A Neuro‐Cognitive Perspective on Human Action Planning

Humans perform actions to reach particular goals, that is, to intentionally create or modify personally relevant events—we move our eyes to learn more about a novel event, reach for a cup to quench our thirst, and move our lips to share our thoughts with someone else. Accordingly, even primitive actions must involve some kind of planning, some sort of anticipatory control. Indeed, there are at least three defining features that the simplest behavioral acts share with more complex ones. First, all of them are planned in terms of anticipated goal events. In particular, the first step of action planning consists in specifying the features the action is intended to possess; this is achieved by activating the appropriate action-effect codes, i.e., sensory-motor assemblies controlling the production of those features. Action-effect codes emerge through the perception of movement-effect contingencies, and they are acquired from the first months in life on. Besides action planning they are involved in the perception of both one's own actions and actions of others. Second, selected features of an intended action need to be integrated into a coherent, durable action plan, which is achieved by temporarily “binding” distributed feature codes. Third, planning an action turns the cognitive system into a kind of reflex machinery, which facilitates the proper execution of the plan under appropriate circumstances. This involves the implementation of automatic stimulus-response associations and the increase of the salience of action-related situational information, thereby delegating action control to the environment. Neuro-cognition of action planning — 3
The Science and Fiction of Autism

Autism is a complex and incurable constellation of bizarre behaviours, impaired cognition, limited language and most distressingly, a lack of responsiveness to other people, and it has been the centre of impassioned debates for decades. What is it? What causes it? How can it be treated? In The Science and Fiction of Autism, one of the country's leading experts in behavioural treatments approaches autism through the context of its controversies, showing where extraordinary and unfounded claims have falsely raised hopes, stirred fears and ruined lives. Arguing that autism is an entirely biological disorder, however complex its neurological origins, Laura Schreibman lays waste to the beliefs that it is caused by 'refrigerator mothers' or the MMR vaccine, as well as to the simplistic claims that it can be cured by a variety of unsubstantiated treatments. Drawing from her own long clinical experience with autistic children and their parents, Schreibman arms her readers - students, educators, psychologists and parents alike - with information and arguments to deal with the onslaught of good, bad, deficient, and irrelevant ideas about autism.
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Tailored Partially Covered Stents (Placed Fluoroscopically) versus Standard Uncovered Stents (Placed Endoscopically)

The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy and safety of “outlet-shape” tailored stents with standard stents for the management of distal gastric cancer causing gastric outlet obstructions (GOOs) with varying gastric cavity shapes and sizes. To determine the shape and size of the GOOs, stomach opacifications were performed using contrast media before stenting. Two basic shapes of the residual cavity of the proximal GOO were observed: cup shaped or approximately cup shaped and funnel shaped or approximately funnel shaped. Other shapes were not found. In the GOO tailored group, the size and shape of the proximal ends of the tailored stent were suited for the residual cavity of the proximal GOO. The tailored stents included large cup-shaped stents and large funnel-shaped stents. GOO tailored covered stents led to less restenosis and reintervention rates compared to standard uncovered stents but with the same survival.