Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Media Use and Its Impact on Relationships and Emotions

Social Media Use and Its Impact on Relationships and Emotions Spencer Palmer Christensen School of Communications, BYU Master of Arts A large majority of the people throughout the world own a smartphone and access social media on a daily basis. Because of this digital attachment, the author sought to understand to what extent this use has impacted the users’ emotional well-being and offline interpersonal relationships. A sample size of 627 participants completed a mixed-methods survey consisting of Likert scale and short answer questions regarding social media use, emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships. Results revealed that the more time an individual spent on social media the more likely they were to experience a negative impact on their overall emotional wellbeing and decreased quality in their relationships. Emotional well-being also mediated the relationship between time spent using social media and the quality of that user’s relationships, meaning that the more time a person spent on social media the more likely their emotional wellbeing declined which then negatively impacted their relationships. The top three responses for negative effects of social media use on emotions were frustration, depression, and social comparison. The top three responses for negative effects of social media use on interpersonal relationships were distraction, irritation, and decreased quality time with their significant other in offline settings. An analysis of these, and other, results, along with relative implications, are discussed.
Vascular health, systemic inflammation and progressive reduction in kidney function; clinical determinants and impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

INTRODUCTION Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and arterial thickening contribute to the elevated cardiovascular risk of dialysis patients. However, the course of these derangements and their relative contribution to the cardiovascular risk of nondialysed chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarcely investigated. METHODS Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed in 304 nondialysed CKD patients Stages 1-5 (mean age 46 ± 12 years, 158 men), together with routine biochemical measurements, C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin resistance. Patients were then followed for time-to-event analysis of cardiovascular outcomes (fatal and nonfatal). RESULTS CRP and IMT increased, while FMD decreased in parallel with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline (P < 0.001 for all). CRP and intact parathormone, as well as eGFR, appeared as strong determinants of FMD and IMT in multivariate analyses. After a median follow-up of 41 (range 6-46) months, 30 fatal and 59 nonfatal cardiovascular events occurred. In univariate analysis, FMD, IMT and CRP were significant predictors of outcome. In a multivariate Cox model excluding IMT, both FMD [hazard ratios 0.52 (95% confidence intervals 0.37-0.73) per %] and CRP [1.07 (1.03-1.11) per mg/L] predicted cardiovascular outcomes independently of confounders. In a model excluding FMD, only CRP (and not IMT) was a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial dysfunction, arterial thickening and inflammation occur in parallel with the decline in eGFR, contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk of nondialysed CKD. Our results support the use of FMD over IMT measurements to monitor nondialysed CKD patients at risk.
Survey of scheduling techniques for addressing shared resources in multicore processors

Chip multicore processors (CMPs) have emerged as the dominant architecture choice for modern computing platforms and will most likely continue to be dominant well into the foreseeable future. As with any system, CMPs offer a unique set of challenges. Chief among them is the shared resource contention that results because CMP cores are not independent processors but rather share common resources among cores such as the last level cache (LLC). Shared resource contention can lead to severe and unpredictable performance impact on the threads running on the CMP. Conversely, CMPs offer tremendous opportunities for mulithreaded applications, which can take advantage of simultaneous thread execution as well as fast inter thread data sharing. Many solutions have been proposed to deal with the negative aspects of CMPs and take advantage of the positive. This survey focuses on the subset of these solutions that exclusively make use of OS thread-level scheduling to achieve their goals. These solutions are particularly attractive as they require no changes to hardware and minimal or no changes to the OS. The OS scheduler has expanded well beyond its original role of time-multiplexing threads on a single core into a complex and effective resource manager. This article surveys a multitude of new and exciting work that explores the diverse new roles the OS scheduler can successfully take on.
Exploring the Relationship Between Social Media and Social Influence

Online behavioral tailoring has become an integral part of online marketing strategies. Contemporary marketers increasingly seek to create an influential environment on social media to empower online users to participate in online brand communities. By interacting in this way, online communities hosted by brands marketers can enhance the nature of the complex interactions that occur amongst those that participate. Such online interactions lead to three different types of social influence compliance, internalization, and identity, which develop the consumers' purchase intentions. This chapter explains how the social influence support the change in beliefs, attitude, and intentions of the online consumers in the user-generated social media networking sites (SNSs). Furthermore, it discusses the functional impact of such online social influence that enables companies to understand the perceptions and needs of online users making sense of how multiple levels of social influence phenomenon on social media impact on consumers purchase intentions.
The compensatory effects of inner and outer controls

Internal and external controls have been firmly established as factors restraining criminal activity, but surprisingly little is known about their concrete interplay. Inspired by recent theoretical developments, such as Situational Action Theory or the life-course model of interdependence, this work addresses the question whether the crime-reducing impact of outer controls is conditioned by the level of inner controls. Analyses of a student survey from Slovenia reveal that external regulatory mechanisms exercise a greater effect when internal restraints decrease in size. This finding points to a compensatory relationship between controls located in different domains. Inner and outer controls may substitute for one another to a certain extent.
IEEE 802.22: An Introduction to the First Wireless Standard based on Cognitive Radios

In November/2004, we witnessed the formation of the first worldwide effort to define a novel wireless air interface (i.e., MAC and PHY) standard based on Cognitive Radios (CRs): the IEEE 802.22 Working Group (WG). The IEEE 802.22 WG is chartered with the development of a CR-based Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers for use by license-exempt devices in the spectrum that is currently allocated to the Television (TV) service. Since 802.22 is required to reuse the fallow TV spectrum without causing any harmful interference to incumbents (i.e., the TV receivers), cognitive radio techniques are of primary importance in order to sense and measure the spectrum and detect the presence/absence of incumbent signals. On top of that, other advanced techniques that facilitate coexistence such as dynamic spectrum management and radio environment characterization could be designed. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the 802.22 draft specification, its architecture, requirements, applications, and coexistence considerations. These not only form the basis for the definition of this groundbreaking wireless air interface standard, but will also serve as foundation for future research in the promising area of CRs.
Throughput and Delay Comparison of MANET Routing Protocols

Mobile wireless ad hoc networks are infrastructureless and often used to operate under unattended mode. So, it is significant in bringing out a comparison of the various routing protocols for better understanding and implementation of them. In this paper, we studied and compared the performance of various routing protocols like Ad hoc On-Demand Vector routing (AODV), Fisheye, Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO), Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR) protocol, Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Bellman Ford, LANd Mark Ad hoc Routing protocol (LANMAR) and Location Aided Routing protocol (LAR). The comparison results were graphically depicted and explained.
Possible Signs of 1 Lying , Deception , Signs , Detection Possible Signs of Deception and How to Detect Them Part II

Much work has been done to seek ways of distinguishing deception (lying) from truthfulness. Some but not total success has been attained. Some signs of deception are present, but these also occur under truthful conditions. Newer more sophisticated procedures are currently being investigated such as criteria based content analysis (CBCA), statement validity assessment (SVA), facial micro-expressions, voice stress analysers, and micro-tremors. This article also considers how to prevent and deal with deception and how affective the police are in identifying signs of deception a skill critical when interviewing alleged offenders.
What do listeners understand by “continuity” and “closure”? Tracking down the links between tonal expectancy, music training, and conceptualization

In two studies, the following hypothesis was tested: music training promotes the formation of two conceptually driven schemas of tonal expectancy, continuation, or the expectation that a melody will move to a (relatively) unstable tone, and closure, or the expectation that a melody will move to a (relatively) stable tone. Specifically, musicians and nonmusicians were asked to rate how well various melodic fragments either “continued” or “ended” with a set of probe tones (Study 1), or to do this but with the caveat that “continuation” meant “not ending/completion,” and vice versa (Study 2). When judging completion, both groups of listeners showed expectations for the most stable tones of the key, that is, those of the tonic chord. When judging continuation, the same was the case in nonmusicians, indicating that in untrained listeners tonal cognition is partially nonconceptual—that is, that categorization of stable tones is not systematic. Instead, musicians showed expectations for a subset of relatively unstable tones, those of the dominant chord (Study 1), especially when discriminating between “continuations” and “completions” (Study 2). These findings support the hypothesis that there is a link between tonal expectancy, music training, and conceptualization, and provide novel information regarding how tonal concepts are hierarchically interrelated.
Are Neoclassical Canons Valid for Southern Chinese Faces?

Background Proportions derived from neoclassical canons, initially described by Renaissance sculptors and painters, are still being employed as aesthetic guidelines during the clinical assessment of the facial morphology. Objective 1. to determine the applicability of neoclassical canons for Southern Chinese faces and 2. to explore gender differences in relation to the applicability of the neoclassical canons and their variants. Methodology 3-D photographs acquired from 103 young adults (51 males and 52 females) without facial dysmorphology were used to test applicability of four neoclassical canons. Standard anthropometric measurements that determine the facial canons were made on these 3-D images. The validity of the canons as well as their different variants were quantified. Principal Findings The neoclassical cannons seldom applied to these individuals, and facial three-section and orbital canons did not apply at all. The orbitonasal canon was most frequently applicable, with a frequency of 19%. Significant sexual dimorphism was found relative to the prevalence of the variants of facial three-section and orbitonasal canons. Conclusion The neoclassical canons did not appear to apply to our sample when rigorous quantitative measurements were employed. Thus, they should not be used as esthetic goals for craniofacial surgical interventions.
Effect of β-anhydroicaritin on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in periodontal tissue of diabetic rats

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of β-anhydroicaritin on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and the pathological changes in the periodontal tissue of diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats (n=40; three months old) were randomly divided into four groups: Normal control group, diabetes group, diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group and diabetes + urate group, (n=10 in each group). Following an overnight fast, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. The rats were maintained for 12 weeks and the blood sugar, urine sugar and body weight were assessed in week 12. Histological changes of the periodontal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the expression levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 were observed by immunohistochemistry. Following 12 weeks, the TNF-α grey value in the diabetes group was significantly lower compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between TNF-α levels in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group, diabetes + urate group and the control group (P>0.05). However, TNF-α levels in the diabetes + β-anhdroicaritin group and diabetes + urate group were significantly higher compared with those in the diabetes group (P<0.05), and those in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group were lower compared with those in the diabetes + urate group (P<0.05). The MMP-3 grey value in the diabetes group was significantly lower compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between MMP-3 levels in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group, diabetes + urate group and the control group (P>0.05). However, MMP-3 levels the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group and diabetes + urate group were significantly higher compared with those in the diabetes group (P<0.05), and those in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group were lower compared with those in the diabetes + urate group (P<0.01). β-anhydroicaritin normalized the expression levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 in the periodontal tissue of diabetic rats and led to the recovery of the changes in the morphological structure of the periodontal tissue.
MiR-126 regulates proliferation and invasion in the bladder cancer BLS cell line by targeting the PIK3R2-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Objective To assess whether microRNA-126 (miR-126) targets phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta (PIK3R2) and to determine the potential roles of miR-126 in regulating proliferation and invasion via the PIK3R2-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the human bladder BLS cell line. Materials and methods A recombinant lentivirus (Lv) vector expressing miR-216 (Lv-miR-126) was successfully constructed, and Lv-miR-126 and Lv vector were transfected into the BLS cell line. A direct regulatory relationship between miR-126 and the PIK3R2 gene was demonstrated by luciferase reporter assays. To determine whether PIK3R2 directly participates in the miR-126-induced effects in BLS cells, anti-miR-126 and a PIK3R2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into the BLS cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure miR-126 and PIK3R2 expressions. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and colony formation assays to assess cell proliferation, flow cytometry for cell apoptosis and cell cycle analysis, Transwell assays for cell migration and invasion, and Western blots for PIK3R2, PI3K, phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), Akt, and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) protein expressions were performed. Results Lv-miR-126 significantly enhanced the relative expression of miR-126 in the BLS cells after infection (P<0.0001). MiR-126 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, cloning, migration, and invasion of BLS cells, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced S phase arrest (all P<0.05). PIK3R2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt protein expressions were significantly decreased in the BLS cells infected with Lv-miR-126. Luciferase assays showed that miR-126 significantly inhibited the PIK3R2 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) luciferase reporter activity (P<0.05). The anti-miR-126 + PIK3R2 siRNA group had significantly decreased PIK3R2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt expressions compared with those of anti-miR-126 alone, as well as significantly decreased proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and increased apoptosis compared with the anti-miR-126 group (all P<0.05). Additionally, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis were significantly increased, and cell apoptosis was decreased compared with the PIK3R2 siRNA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of miR-126 negatively regulated the target gene PIK3R2 and further inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoting apoptosis in BLS cells.
Therapeutic outcome 3 years after switching of immunomodulatory therapies in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in Argentina

Switching treatment may be beneficial in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who respond inadequately to first‐line immunomodulatory therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after switching treatment in such patients. This prospective longitudinal observational study included 114 patients with RRMS who failed first‐line monotherapy and were switched treatments after 3 years. Every 3 months, patients underwent a full neurological examination. Outcome was compared between the 3‐year Before Switch and After Switch treatment periods. The primary outcome measure was the annualized relapse rate; secondary outcome measures were the proportion of relapse‐free patients and the median change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Patients were switched either from low‐dose to high‐dose interferon‐β (IFNβ; n = 31), from IFNβ to glatiramer acetate (GA; n = 52) or mitoxantrone (n = 13), or from GA to IFNβ (n = 16). In 3 years after switching, annualized relapse rates fell by 57–78% according to the group. The proportion of relapse‐free patients varied from 56% to 81%. Least improved was observed in patients switching between INFβ preparations. Median EDSS scores remained stable in all groups except the GA to IFNβ switchers. In conclusion, patients who fail first‐line immunomodulatory therapy generally benefit from switching to another class of immunomodulatory therapy.
Using knowledge of microstructure to improve estimates and bounds on elastic constants and transport coefficients in heterogeneous media

ABSTRACTThe most commonly discussed measures of microstructure in composite materials are thespatial correlation functions, which in a porous medium measure either the grain-to-graincorrelations, or the pore-to-pore correlations in space. Improved bounds based on this in-formation such as the Beran-Molyneux bounds for bulk modulus and the Beran bounds forconductivityare well-known. It is ﬁrst shownhow tomake direct use of bounds and spatialcorrelation information to provide estimates that always lie betweenthese upper and lowerbounds for any microstructure whenever the microgeometry parameters are known. Thencomparisons are made between these estimates, the bounds, and two new types of esti-mates. One new estimate for elastic constants makes use of the Peselnick-Meister bounds(based on Hashin-Shtrikman methods) for random polycrystals of laminates to generateself-consistent values that always lie between the bounds.A second new type of estimatefor conductivity assumes that measurements of formation factors (of which there are atleast two distinct types in porous media, associated respectively with pores and grains foreither electrical and thermal conductivity) are available, and computes new bounds basedon this information. The paper compares and contrasts these various methods in order toclarify just what microstructural information — and how acc urately that information —needs to be known in order to be useful for estimating material constants in random andheterogeneous media.INTRODUCTIONA wide array of results is available for practical studies of the linear elastic constants ofcomposite solid and/or granular materials, ﬂuid suspensio ns, and emulsions. These resultsrange from rigorous bounds such as the Voigt (1928), Reuss (1929), Hill (1952), and Hashin-Shtrikman (1962; 1963) bounds to the fairly popular and mostly well-justiﬁed [for sufﬁcientlysmall concentrations of inclusions (Berryman and Berge, 1996)] approximate methods suchas the explicit approximations of Kuster and Toksoz (1974) and Mori and Tanaka (Benveniste,1987; Ferrari and Filiponni, 1991) and the implicit methods such as the differential effectivemedium (DEM) method (Cleary et al., 1980; Norris, 1985) and the self-consistent (Hill, 1965;
A Novel Conditional Genetic System Reveals That Increasing Neuronal cAMP Enhances Memory and Retrieval

Consistent evidence from pharmacological and genetic studies shows that cAMP is a critical modulator of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, the potential of the cAMP signaling pathway as a target for memory enhancement remains unclear because of contradictory findings from pharmacological and genetic approaches. To address these issues, we have developed a novel conditional genetic system in mice based on the heterologous expression of an Aplysia octopamine receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor whose activation by its natural ligand octopamine leads to rapid and transient increases in cAMP. We find that activation of this receptor transgenically expressed in mouse forebrain neurons induces a rapid elevation of hippocampal cAMP levels, facilitates hippocampus synaptic plasticity, and enhances the consolidation and retrieval of fear memory. Our findings clearly demonstrate that acute increases in cAMP levels selectively in neurons facilitate synaptic plasticity and memory, and illustrate the potential of this heterologous system to study cAMP-mediated processes in mammalian systems.