Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Algorithm Structure and Support Patterns for Parallel Application Programs

We are developing a pattern language to guide the programmer through the entire process of developing a parallel application program. The pattern language includes patterns that help find the concurrency in the problem, patterns that help find the appropriate algorithm structure to exploit the concurrency in parallel execution, and patterns describing lower-level implementation issues. The current version of the pattern language can be seen at http://www.cise. ufl.edu/ research/ParallelPatterns. In this paper, we outline the overall structure of the pattern language and present two groups of selected patterns, one group chosen from the subset of patterns that represent different strategies for exploiting concurrency once it has been identified and one group chosen from the subset of patterns that represent commonly-used computational and data structures.
Strong Geometric Context for Scene Understanding

Humans are able to recognize objects in a scene almost effortlessly. Our visual system can easily handle ambiguous settings, like partial occlusions or large variations in viewpoint. One hypothesis that explains this ability is that we process the scene as a global instance. Using global contextual reasoning (e.g., a car sits on a road, but not on a building facade) can constrain interpretations of objects to plausible, coherent precepts. This type of reasoning has been explored in Computer Vision using weak 2D context, mostly extracted from monocular cues. In this thesis, we explore the benefits of strong 3D context extracted from multiple-view geometry. We demonstrate strong ties between geometric reasoning and object recognition, effectively bridging the gap between them to improve scene understanding. In the first part of this thesis, we describe the basic principles of structure from motion, which provide strong and reliable geometric models that can be used for contextual scene understanding. We present a novel algorithm for camera localization that leverages search space partitioning to allow a more aggressive filtering of potential correspondences. We exploit image covisibility using a coarse-to-fine, prioritized search approach that can recognize scene landmarks rapidly. This system achieves state of the art results in large-scale camera localization, especially in difficult scenes with frequently repeated structures.In the second part of this thesis, we study how to exploit these strong geometric models and localized cameras to improve recognition. We introduce an unsupervised training pipeline to generate scene-specific object detectors. These classifiers outperform state of the art and can be used when the rough camera location is known. When precise camera pose is available, we can inject additional geometric cues into novel re-scoring framework to further improve detection. We demonstrate the utility of background scene models for false positive pruning, akin to video-surveillance background subtraction strategies. Finally, we observe that the increasing availability of mapping data stored in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides strong geo-semantic information that can be used when cameras are located in world coordinates. We propose a novel contextual reasoning pipeline that uses lifted 2DGIS models to quickly retrieve precise geo-semantic priors. We use these cues to to improve object detection and image semantic segmentation, providing a successful trade-off of false positives that boosts average precision over baseline detection models.
Relocating Gender and Rural Economic Strategies

In recent decades, increasing entrepreneurial activities among women have contributed to shifting livelihood strategies at the household, community, and regional scales. In this paper I examine home-based work in an economic network to highlight the intersection of gender and economic practices in rural Appalachia. The research demonstrates that these livelihood strategies both construct and are shaped by dynamic material conditions and social processes in place. Economic restructuring in the central Appalachian region has led to the reworking of economic strategies, despite a continued reliance by households on homework and informal activities. The case study for this project is an economic network comprised of sixty home-based workers who produce knitwear for regional and national markets. In-depth interviews and extensive fieldwork are used to examine the complexity of shifting economic livelihoods in the rural Appalachian context. The analysis focuses on the (re)negotiation of gender identities by home-based workers in the context of economic restructuring. The discussion also shows how participation in these activities contributes to economic and social empowerment. Overall, this study offers a critical approach to the economy, work, and gender in a way that analyzes diverse economic practices and the construction of gender identity in a rural, economically marginalized region.
Parenting Styles and Adolescents’ School Adjustment: Investigating the Mediating Role of Achievement Goals within the 2 × 2 Framework

This study examines the multiple mediating roles of achievement goals based on a 2 × 2 framework of the relationships between parenting styles and adolescents’ school adjustment. The study sample included 1061 Chinese adolescent students (50.4% girls) between the ages of 12 and 19, who completed questionnaires regarding parenting styles (parental autonomy support and psychological control), achievement goals (mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, and performance avoidance goals) and school adjustment variables (emotion, students’ life satisfaction, school self-esteem, problem behavior, academic achievement, and self-determination in school). A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to test our hypotheses. The results indicated that parental autonomy support was associated with adolescents’ school adjustment in an adaptive manner, both directly and through its positive relationship with both mastery and performance approach goals; however, parental psychological control was associated with adolescents’ school adjustment in a maladaptive manner, both directly and through its positive relationship with both mastery and performance avoidance goals. In addition, the results indicated that mastery avoidance goals suppressed the relationship between parental autonomy support and adolescents’ school adjustment, and performance approach goals suppressed the relationship between this adjustment and parental psychological control. These findings extend the limited literature regarding the 2 × 2 framework of achievement goals and enable us to evidence the mediating and suppressing effects of achievement goals. This study highlights the importance of parenting in adolescents’ school adjustment through the cultivation of different achievement goals.
Update on the MEN 2A c804 RET mutation: is prophylactic thyroidectomy indicated?

BACKGROUND Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene co-segregate with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. A rare sequence abnormality at codon 804 (c804) has been reported in 6 kindreds and linked to mild C-cell disease, which raises the question of the appropriateness of thyroidectomy in childhood. The purpose of this study was to (1) report the clinical correlates of 5 additional c804 kindreds, and (2) clarify therapeutic options in children. METHODS Thirty-eight members from five c804 kindreds underwent genetic analysis. Biochemical, operative, and pathology reports were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-three gene carriers were identified, of whom 14 had thyroidectomy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma was found in 7 patients (aged 5-56 years), C-cell hyperplasia in 6 patients (aged 13-40 years), and normal histology in a single patient (aged 27 years). One patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma died of metastases (aged 12 years). Nine of the 23 gene carriers delayed operation, 4 of whom had calcitonin testing. Three of the 4 patients had abnormal calcitonin levels and a single patient was negative (aged 40 years). Of the remaining 9 patients, 2 await thyroidectomy, and 3 have refused evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Penetrance of the c804 mutation is highly variable. Medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with this genotype has aggressive potential. Prophylactic thyroidectomy in childhood is a viable approach.
Morphological spellings in English

Morphologically motivated spellings in English are usually thought to be restricted to cases like 〈electric – electrician – electricity〉, where the stem final letter 〈c〉 is kept constant in spelling although the corresponding phoneme varies in spoken language. However, there are many more – and fundamentally different – spellings that refer to morphological information. We will show this by systematically going through the three major parts of morphology: inflection, derivation, and compounding. In each area, we will identify spellings that can best be explained with reference to morphology. As a result, we will present an overview of formal and functional means of morphological spellings which goes far beyond the ubiquitous example cited above. Keywords: English; spelling; writing system; morphology; stem constancy
The Impact of Smoking and Quitting Smoking on Patients With Diabetes

Although cigarette smoking is the leading avoidable cause of death in the United States, its specific effects on people with diabetes are even more intricate and profound. Macrovascular and microvascular complications ensue more quickly in smokers with diabetes, and risk of mortality increases. The increased blood pressure and altered lipid profiles in smokers with diabetes could encourage development of the insulin resistance syndrome, setting patients up for further cardiovascular problems. Therefore, smoking cessation programs should be offered to the diabetic population. Such group programs can benefit from using behavioral change methods to devise specific strategies for smoking cessation and to prevent unique problems, such as postcessation weight gain and depression. A variety of medications are available to clinicians advising smoking cessation for patients with diabetes. Studies have not proven any one smoking cessation medication to be more effective than another, so the choice for pharmacotherapy depends on the unique needs of the individual. Bupropion may be a reasonable choice because of its use for depression and its ability to delay weight gain. However, many patients prefer the ease of use of certain nicotine replacement strategies. Clinicians may find combination strategies to be particularly useful. Although further studies are needed for this special population regarding the impact on outcomes, providers should give cessation interventions high priority for diabetes control. This challenging population will need creative interventions to overcome their unique problems during smoking cessation, but the potential benefits may be considerable.
Leader, Teacher, Diagnostician, Colleague, and Change Agent

Reading specialists are conceptualized as instrumental to literacy reform efforts focused on data-driven instruction and improvement of reading outcomes at all levels. But this has meant a real shift in their role. To keep pace with these changes in the literacy reform movement, in contrast to even 10 years ago, the role of the reading specialist is now outlined as both an educator of students and of teachers. Because the last comprehensive review occurred in 2001, we have attempted to synthesize, for the field, what is known about the daily work of today's reading specialist.
Deconstructing Stem Cell Tumorigenicity: A Roadmap to Safe Regenerative Medicine

Many of the earliest stem cell studies were conducted on cells isolated from tumors rather than from embryos. Of particular interest was research on embryonic carcinoma cells (EC), a type of stem cell derived from teratocarcinoma. The EC research laid the foundation for the later discovery of and subsequent work on embryonic stem cells (ESC). Both ESC isolated from the mouse (mESC) and then later from humans (hESC) shared not only pluripotency with their EC cousins, but also robust tumorigenicity as each readily form teratoma. Surprisingly, decades after the discovery of mESC, the question of what drives ESC to form tumors remains largely an open one. This gap in the field is particularly serious as stem cell tumorigenicity represents the key obstacle to the safe use of stem cell‐based regenerative medicine therapies. Although some adult stem cell therapies appear to be safe, they have only a very narrow range of uses in human disease. Our understanding of the tumorigenicity of human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC), perhaps the most promising modality for future patient‐specific regenerative medicine therapies, is rudimentary. However, IPSC are predicted to possess tumorigenic potential equal to or greater than that of ESC. Here, the links between pluripotency and tumorigenicity are explored. New methods for more accurately testing the tumorigenic potential of IPSC and of other stem cells applicable to regenerative medicine are proposed. Finally, the most promising emerging approaches for overcoming the challenges of stem cell tumorigenicity are highlighted. Stem Cells 2009;27:1050–1056
Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer.

CONTEXT Consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with colorectal cancer in many but not all epidemiological studies; few studies have examined risk in relation to long-term meat intake or the association of meat with rectal cancer. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between recent and long-term meat consumption and the risk of incident colon and rectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 148 610 adults aged 50 to 74 years (median, 63 years), residing in 21 states with population-based cancer registries, who provided information on meat consumption in 1982 and again in 1992/1993 when enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II) Nutrition Cohort. Follow-up from time of enrollment in 1992/1993 through August 31, 2001, identified 1667 incident colorectal cancers. Participants contributed person-years at risk until death or a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence rate ratio (RR) of colon and rectal cancer. RESULTS High intake of red and processed meat reported in 1992/1993 was associated with higher risk of colon cancer after adjusting for age and energy intake but not after further adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, and other covariates. When long-term consumption was considered, persons in the highest tertile of consumption in both 1982 and 1992/1993 had higher risk of distal colon cancer associated with processed meat (RR, 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.17), and ratio of red meat to poultry and fish (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.08-2.18) relative to those persons in the lowest tertile at both time points. Long-term consumption of poultry and fish was inversely associated with risk of both proximal and distal colon cancer. High consumption of red meat reported in 1992/1993 was associated with higher risk of rectal cancer (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.15-2.52; P = .007 for trend), as was high consumption reported in both 1982 and 1992/1993 (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.00-2.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the potential value of examining long-term meat consumption in assessing cancer risk and strengthen the evidence that prolonged high consumption of red and processed meat may increase the risk of cancer in the distal portion of the large intestine.
Genomic analysis uncovers a phenotypically diverse but genetically homogeneous Escherichia coli ST131 clone circulating in unrelated urinary tract infections.

OBJECTIVES To determine variation at the genome level in Escherichia coli ST131 clinical isolates previously shown to be phenotypically diverse. METHODS The genomes of 10 ST131 isolates extensively characterized in previous studies were sequenced using combinations of Illumina and 454 sequencing technology. Whole-genome comparisons and phylogenetic comparisons were then performed across the strain set and with other closely related extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strain types. RESULTS E. coli ST131 is overrepresented in a collection of clinical isolates, and there is large phenotypic variation amongst isolates. In contrast, genome sequencing of a selection of non-related clinical isolates shows almost no genetic variation between ST131 strains, and E. coli ST131 shows evidence of a genetically monomorphic pathogen showing a similar evolutionary trend to hypervirulent Clostridium difficile. CONCLUSIONS A dominant circulating clone of E. coli ST131 has been identified in unrelated clinical urine samples in the UK. The clone splits into two distinct subgroups on the basis of antimicrobial resistance levels and carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase plasmids. This provides the most comprehensive snapshot to date of the true molecular epidemiology of ST131 clinical isolates.
RELPRON: A Relative Clause Evaluation Data Set for Compositional Distributional Semantics

This article introduces RELPRON, a large data set of subject and object relative clauses, for the evaluation of methods in compositional distributional semantics. RELPRON targets an intermediate level of grammatical complexity between content-word pairs and full sentences. The task involves matching terms, such as “wisdom,” with representative properties, such as “quality that experience teaches. ” A unique feature of RELPRON is that it is built from attested properties, but without the need for them to appear in relative clause format in the source corpus. The article also presents some initial experiments on RELPRON, using a variety of composition methods including simple baselines, arithmetic operators on vectors, and finally, more complex methods in which argument-taking words are represented as tensors. The latter methods are based on the Categorial framework, which is described in detail. The results show that vector addition is difficult to beat—in line with the existing literature—but that an implementation of the Categorial framework based on the Practical Lexical Function model is able to match the performance of vector addition. The article finishes with an in-depth analysis of RELPRON, showing how results vary across subject and object relative clauses, across different head nouns, and how the methods perform on the subtasks necessary for capturing relative clause semantics, as well as providing a qualitative analysis highlighting some of the more common errors. Our hope is that the competitive results presented here, in which the best systems are on average ranking one out of every two properties correctly for a given term, will inspire new approaches to the RELPRON ranking task and other tasks based on linguistically interesting constructions.
Jewish Immigrant Settlement Patterns in Manchester and Leeds 1881

This paper examines the 19th century Jewish immigrant quarters of Manchester and Leeds. It uses original census data to look at the entire population of the two areas of initial settlement. Analysis of family and kin structure, occupations of head of household, country of origin and length of time in the country as well as analysis of the settlement patterns at the street level are combined to examine the phenomenon of immigrant clustering. It is concluded that the complex social and economic processes involved in the establishment of a new migrant community in its host society result in spatial clustering and that spatial clustering in close proximity to sources of income is critical in enabling future integration of the immigrant group.
Solitary mastocytoma presenting in an adult: report and literature review of adult-onset solitary cutaneous mastocytoma with recommendations for evaluation and treatment

Background: Mastocytosis is either cutaneous (with skin-limited proliferation of mast cells) or systemic (with mast cells in extracutaneous sites). The onset of solitary mastocytoma in an adult is rare. Purpose: A woman with the new onset of solitary mastocytoma is described. The clinical features of patients with adult-onset solitary mastocytoma are summarized. Recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of individuals with adult-onset solitary mastocytoma are proposed. Methods: PubMed was searched with the key words: adult, CD2, CD25, cell, cutaneous, disease, KIT, KIT D816V, mast, mastocytoma, mutation, pigmentosa, solitary, tryptase, and urticarial. The papers generated by the search, and their references, were reviewed. Results: A 38-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with an asymptomatic brown patch, which morphologically mimicked a dysplastic nevus, on her right abdomen; biopsy demonstrated a solitary mastocytoma. Comprehensive evaluation (including serologic and bone marrow examination) excluded systemic mastocytosis and her residual mastocytoma is being monitored. Adult-onset solitary mastocytoma has been described in 16 patients. Lesions were either on the head and neck (5/14), torso (5/14) or extremities (4/14). Urtication following lesion rubbing was noted in 79% (11/14) of patients. Excision of the mastocytoma [75% (9/12)] was the most common treatment. Other management approaches included corticosteroids (topical or intralesional), antihistamines (systemic) or observation. Systemic symptoms were noted in 5 patients: flushing (3 women) and pruritus (3 women); gastrointestinal symptoms and headaches, flushing and/or anaphylaxis were each noted in one woman. None of the patients with adult-onset solitary mastocytoma had systemic mastocytosis; however, only 3 women were evaluated for systemic mastocytosis. Conclusions: Systemic mastocytosis is common in adults with new onset cutaneous mastocytosis. Therefore, a conservative work up for new onset solitary mastocytosis in adults is proposed to include complete blood cell counts, serum chemistries (including liver function tests), and serum tryptase level and bone marrow biopsy to evaluate for mast cell clusters, morphology and immunophenotype and KIT gene mutation in codon 816. Similar serologic testing should be considered annually for adult-onset solitary mastocytosis patients without systemic disease.
Latent Structure of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Exploratory and Higher-Order Confirmatory Factor Analyses

A series of factor analyses evaluated the dimensionality of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Over 2,200 Vietnam theater and era veterans were divided into three random subsamples, each of which was used in a separate stage of analysis. Initial exploratory factor analyses suggested an underlying single-factor solution. In the second subsample, a second-order solution comprised of a general factor subsuming several first-order factors was supported using chi-square difference testing. This model was successfully replicated with the third subsample. Cumulative evidence suggests that the latent structure of the Mississippi Scale is best represented as an umbrella Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) factor leading to four subsidiary facets or dimensions.
African American Women’s Definitions of Spirituality and Religiosity

These two qualitative studies explore the meanings of spirituality for African American women and the distinctions that women make between spirituality and religiosity. In Study 1, content analyses of women’s (N = 128) written narratives reveal 13 categories of meaning that are assigned to spirituality. In Study 2, indepth interviews with a subsample of women (N = 21) reveal three key differences between religiosity and spirituality. First, whereas religiosity is associated with organized worship, spirituality is defined as the internalization of positive values. Second, religion is conceptualized as a path and spirituality as an outcome. Finally, whereas religion is tied to worship, spirituality is associated with relationships.