Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Media Impact on Small and Medium Enterprise: Case Review ofBusinesses in the Arab World

The present paper briefly provides a literature based review of how the social media affects small and mediumsized enterprises in the Arab world. As established by previous research, advances in the social media are enabling social and cultural changes, helping congregate regional markets for higher sales, advancing ideology of and modernizing contemporary businesses, transforming traditional business approaches, molding unique markets for marketing, and initiating consumer-focused communication/marketing. Similarly, the impact of social media across the Middle East is significantly evident, progressive, and unique in the geographical region. Numerous scholars and researchers have already established that social media usage by small and middle-sized businesses is gaining prominence in the Arab region. The present paper sought to establish how the social media is influencing the small and medium-sized businesses in the region, in general, as established by recent empirical research and theoretical scholarship. According to the review, there is unique relationship between the social media and the Arab world, in social, political, religious or cultural and economic spheres. This relationship has enabled the social media to uniquely impact on the Arabian market in such areas as offering (a) a marketing platform for the Information Age, (b) an avenue and forum for increased sales, (c) an innovative edge for SMEs to reduce expenditure/cost and increase profitability, and (d) a benchmark of direct client communication of modern PR. In sales and marketing, social media is now employed to attract new clientele, and increase sales within the current market base. Further, in marketing and public relations, social media has enabled and maintained direct and personalized business-to-client communication in ways previously impossible and absent.
The Effects of Deception and Manipulation of Motivation to Deceive on Event Related Potentials

The Correct Response Negativity (CRN) is an event related potential (ERP) component that is affected by the act of deception. However, there have been inconsistent findings on the effect of deception on the CRN. Suchotzki, Crombez, Smulders, Meijer, & Verschuere (2015) suggested that the design of the paradigm used to elicit the deceptive response is what controls the size of the CRN. Specifically, that motivation to deceive changes the size of deception relative to telling the truth. This study attempted to follow up on suggestions made by Suchotzki et al. (2015) to investigate if extraneous motivation to lie does indeed invert the ratio of CRN in lie compared to truth responses in a deception experiment by manipulating the motivation to lie. This study used a modification of the image-based guilty knowledge test (GKT) paradigm used in Langleben et al. (2002). The first hypothesis of this experiment was that a larger CRN during deception relative to truth-telling will be observed when participants are not motivated to lie, while a larger CRN during truth-telling relative to deception will be observed when participants are motivated to lie. The hypothesis was not supported; there was no observed difference in CRN responses when participants were motivated to lie. The second hypothesis of this experiment was that the P300 component would be larger when participants were motivated to lie, as compared to when they were instructed to lie. Results indicated that P300 was significantly higher in the lie conditions than in the truth conditions; however, there was no difference in amplitude as a function of whether they were in the informed or motivated lie condition. The Effects of Deception and Manipulation of Motivation to Deceive on Event Related Potentials 4
Anti-reflective optical coatings incorporating nanoparticles

This paper presents a simple approach for forming anti-reflective film stacks on plastic substrates employing aqueous colloidal dispersions of metal oxide nanoparticles. Results demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate a polymeric thin film of continuously tunable refractive index over a wide range by loading the film with varying concentrations of metal oxide nanoparticles. Specifically, the refractive index for the polymer film was tuned from 1.46 to 1.54 using silica nanoparticle loadings from 50 to 0 wt% and from 1.54 to 1.95 using ceria nanoparticle loadings from 0 to 90 wt%, respectively. The low and high refractive index layers are then combined to create an anti-reflective coating which exhibits a reflectance spectrum, abrasion resistance, haze and transmission values that compare well with those produced using state-of-the-art vacuum based techniques. Furthermore, the results show that it is possible to begin with aqueous dispersions and then dilute them with organic solvents for use in a spin coating method to prepare the polymer–metal oxide nanoparticle composite films.
Quaternary Glacial‐Interglacial Climate Cycles in Hawaii

The upper kilometer of the Hawaiian Scientific Drilling Program core consists of lavas that were emplaced subaerially, burying paleosols. These paleosols were preserved with minimal alteration and are used to construct a ∼330‐kyr Quaternary climate record. Within the temporal resolution of this record, there appears to be a ∼100‐kyr climate oscillation between cool‐dry and warm‐wet conditions, indicating that tropical regions such as Hawaii have responded to the same global climate forcings as have higher‐latitude areas during at least the past three glacial‐interglacial cycles. It is also suggested that Hawaiian climate may have become progressively warmer and wetter over the same period.
Psychological Well-Being and Its Relationship with Active and Passive Procrastination: A Study on Students of a Business University in Karachi

Procrastination has been seen as a dysfunctional and an unproductive behavior, which impacts the psychological well-being negatively. However, a study by Chu and Choi (2005) gave a different perspective to procrastination by dividing it into active and passive (traditional) procrastination. This present study examines how psychological well-being is related to the two dimensions of procrastination, since different forms might have different effects on psychological well-being. It was hypothesized that high psychological well-being will be positively correlated with active procrastination and low psychological well-being will be negatively correlated with passive procrastination. For the research, 120 participants form Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi were selected, between the ages of 18 to 24. Morgan and Choi’s Active Procrastination Scale, Chu and Choi’s Passive Procrastination Scale, and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being were used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to find out the influences of active and passive procrastination on psychological wellbeing. The two predictors account for 88% of the variance in psychological wellbeing, F (2,117) = 5.679, p DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2016. v5n3p87
Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry.

The present review describes several methods to characterize and differentiate between two different mechanisms of cell death, apoptosis and necrosis. Most of these methods were applied to studies of apoptosis triggered in the human leukemic HL-60 cell line by DNA topoisomerase I or II inhibitors, and in rat thymocytes by either topoisomerase inhibitors or prednisolone. In most cases, apoptosis was selective to cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle: only S-phase HL-60 cells and G0 thymocytes were mainly affected. Necrosis was induced by excessively high concentrations of these drugs. The following cell features were found useful to characterize the mode of cell death: a) Activation of an endonuclease in apoptocic cells resulted in extraction of the low molecular weight DNA following cell permeabilization, which, in turn, led to their decreased stainability with DNA-specific fluorochromes. Measurements of DNA content made it possible to identify apoptotic cells and to recognize the cell cycle phase specificity of the apoptotic process. b) Plasma membrane integrity, which is lost in necrotic but not apoptotic cells, was probed by the exclusion of propidium iodide (PI). The combination of PI followed by Hoechst 33342 proved to be an excellent probe to distinguish live, necrotic, early- and late-apoptotic cells. c) Mitochondrial transmembrane potential, assayed by retention of rhodamine 123 was preserved in apoptotic but not necrotic cells. d) The ATP-dependent lysosomal proton pump, tested by the supravital uptake of acridine orange (AO) was also preserved in apoptotic but not necrotic cells. e) Bivariate analysis of cells stained for DNA and protein revealed markedly diminished protein content in apoptotic cells, most likely due to activation of endogenous proteases. Necrotic cells, having leaky membranes, had minimal protein content. f) Staining of RNA allowed for the discrimination of G0 from G1 cells and thus made it possible to reveal that apoptosis was selective to G0 thymocytes. g) The decrease in forward light scatter, paralleled either by no change (HL-60 cells) or an increase (thymocytes) of right angle scatter, were early changes during apoptosis. h) The sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation, was increased in apoptotic and necrotic cells. This feature, probed by staining with AO at low pH, provided a sensitive and early assay to discriminate between live, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and to evaluate the cell cycle phase specificity of these processes. i) The in situ nick translation assay employing labeled triphosphonucleotides can be used to reveal DNA strand breaks, to detect the very early stages of apoptosis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Group conflict and conflict management in a decision conferencing environment in Singapore

The research reports on a study that investigated the effect of decision conferencing (a group decision support system or GDSS) on group conflict and conflict management in the Singapore context. 20 groups, involving 77 undergraduates, participated in this laboratory experiment. Groups attended a single decision making session where they were required to achieve a consensus decision on the two tasks that were allocated to them. Group members then reported on the nature of group conflict, conflict management strategies used, and their perceptions on the productivity of conflict. Groups using decision conferencing experienced more issue based conflict than the manual (baseline) groups, The results, however, do not support any of the other hypotheses presented. Decision conferencing proved to be more suitable for managing group conflict when solving complex tasks.
Text Summarization using Term Weights

t of work has already been done for automatic text summarization. In this paper we have given a novel statistical approach to summarize the given text. In our approach extraction of relevant sentences is done which can give the actual concept of the input document in a concise form. We rank each sentence in the document by assigning a weight value to each word of the sentence and a boost factor is also added to those terms which appear in bold, italic or underlined or any combination of these features. It helps us to extract more relevant sentences which will lead to a good summary of the given text. Keywordstext summarization, sentence extraction, boost factor, term weight
Growth factor independent-1 Maintains Notch1-Dependent Transcriptional Programming of Lymphoid Precursors

Growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) is a transcriptional repressor originally identified as a gene activated in T-cell leukemias induced by Moloney-murine-leukemia virus infection. Notch1 is a transmembrane receptor that is frequently mutated in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Gfi1 is an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of lymphoid leukemias and its deficiency significantly impedes Notch dependent initiation of T-ALL in animal models. Here, we show that immature hematopoietic cells require Gfi1 to competently integrate Notch-activated signaling. Notch1 activation coupled with Gfi1 deficiency early in T-lineage specification leads to a dramatic loss of T-cells, whereas activation in later stages leaves development unaffected. In Gfi1 deficient multipotent precursors, Notch activation induces lethality and is cell autonomous. Further, without Gfi1, multipotent progenitors do not maintain Notch1-activated global expression profiles typical for T-lineage precursors. In agreement with this, we find that both lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPP) and early T lineage progenitors (ETP) do not properly form or function in Gfi1−/− mice. These defects correlate with an inability of Gfi1−/− progenitors to activate lymphoid genes, including IL7R, Rag1, Flt3 and Notch1. Our data indicate that Gfi1 is required for hematopoietic precursors to withstand Notch1 activation and to maintain Notch1 dependent transcriptional programming to determine early T-lymphoid lineage identity.
Mining of Frequent Itemsets from Streams of Uncertain Data

Frequent itemset mining plays an essential role in the mining of various patterns and is in demand in many real-life applications. Hence, mining of frequent itemsets has been the subject of numerous studies since its introduction. Generally, most of these studies find frequent itemsets from traditional transaction databases, in which the content of each transaction--namely, items--is definitely known and precise. However, there are many real-life situations in which ones are uncertain about the content of transactions. This calls for the mining of uncertain data. Moreover, due to advances in technology, a flood of precise or uncertain data can be produced in many situations. This calls for the mining of data streams. To deal with these situations, we propose two tree-based mining algorithms to efficiently find frequent itemsets from streams of uncertain data, where each item in the transactions in the streams is associated with an existential probability. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our algorithms in mining frequent itemsets from streams of uncertain data.
The Role of Clustered Organization and Generation of Mixed Properties in Macaque V2

The Role of Clustered Organization and Generation of Mixed Properties in Macaque V2 Clinton Garret Cooper Throughout the mammalian cortex, neurons of similar response characteristics group together into topographic functional domains. The genesis and role of this organization remains in question, but it has been proposed to affect the mixed properties of neurons. These types of neurons possess multiple receptive field preferences, such as a cell responding to a color and an oriented stimulus. To examine the functionality of clustered organization and their effect in generation of neurons possessing mixed properties, this dissertation examined the secondary visual cortex (V2) of the Macaca fasicularis. This particular cortex is comprised of domains organized according to distinct visual stimulus components, specifically clusters of neurons partitioned by color and orientation preferences within a close proximity. In the first series of experiments (Chapter 3), a computer model of a cortical area based upon macaque V2 investigated the effect of clusters of like-preferring neurons on the probability of two different preference terminals synapsing on a particular cell. These results indicate that presence of at least one cluster significantly increases the probability of multiple preferences arriving at a neuron. The second series of experiments (Chapter 4) used single unit electrophysiology to investigate the temporal properties of V2 neurons in response to achromatic and colored oriented stimuli. With the addition of color to the stimulus, an increase in latency, an increase to the time point of the maximum rate of firing, and a decreased initial-phase response with a sustained later-phase response were observed. These studies indicate that functional clusters of neurons significantly increase the joint probability of the co-localization of differing preference terminals, potentially yielding neurons with mixed preferences through these intra-areal connections. Furthermore, the temporal characteristics of V2 neurons, as seen in observed latency and time of maximum spiking, support this idea of domain-enhanced intra-areal integration.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection and Neuropathogenesis in the Murine Model are Associated with Apoptosis

This study examines apoptosis and viral neuropathogenesis in a murine model infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). VSV induces apoptotic cell death in cultured cell lines, raising the possibility that apoptosis of infected neurons and other target cells may contribute to disease and mortality. To determine whether or not VSV induces apoptosis in neural tissues, mice were inoculated intranasally with VSV. At 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours postinfection, brain tissues were assayed for the presence of viral RNA by in situ hybridization and viral antigen by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was identified by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling and electron microscopy. Viral replication and lesions were observed predominantly in central nervous system neurons. Apoptotic cell death was restricted to the same regions of the brain in which infected cells and tissue injury were identified. Results suggest that VSV-induced apoptosis is a mechanism causing cell death, tissue injury, and mortality in VSV-infected mice.
A Computationally Simple Cointegration Vector Estimator for Panel Data

We study a panel version of the dynamic OLS estimator of a cointegration vector. The estimator is asymptotically normally distributed, can be made fully parametric, is computationally simple, and can achieve substantial improvements in precision over the single equation estimator. In a series of Monte Carlo experiments, we flnd that the asymptotic distribution theory provides a reasonably close approximation to the exact flnite sample distribution. As an empirical application, we use panel dynamic OLS to estimate coe‐cients of the long-run money demand function in a panel data set of 19 countries with annual observations from 1957 to 1996. We estimate the income elasticity to be 1.08 (asymptotic s.e.=0.17) and the interest rate semi-elasticity to be -0.02 (asymptotic s.e.=0.003).
The effects of short-term detraining on exercise performance in soccer players

The aim of the present study was to determine whether 1 week of training cessation can affect exercise performance in well-trained soccer players. Upon the completion of a competitive season, 11 male soccer players went through 1-week training cessation. Performances in the 5-m (1.05±0.04 sec vs 1.02±0.03 sec, P=0.03) and 10-m (1.79±0.06 sec vs 1.74±0.06 sec, P=0.03) sprints were significantly increased after 1 week of detraining with a trend for an increase in the 20-m sprint performance (3.07±0.06 sec vs 3.02±0.07 sec, P=0.06). However, the repeated sprint performance (total sprint time [45.7±2.6 sec vs 48.0±2.6 sec, P=0.01] and fatigue index [5.8%±2.8% vs 7.8%±3.2%; P=0.04]) were reduced. In addition, no significant differences were observed for the 30 m (4.23±0.06 sec vs 4.24±0.09 sec, P=0.63), agility (right: 8.08±0.17 sec vs 8.03±0.37 sec, P=0.54; left: 8.05±0.21 sec vs 8.04±0.30 sec, P=0.84), coordination (13.98±1.21 sec vs 14.06±1.34 sec, P=0.75), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (1,040.0±291.8 m vs 1,134.5±232.7 m, P=0.08), and knee extensors and flexors peak torques at all applied angular velocities (P<0.05) after detraining. These results indicate that short-term detraining for well-trained soccer players has a significant effect on the speed endurance performance. It is therefore important for the players and their coaches to plan a suitable training program to maintain exercise performance especially speed endurance during off-season.
The time evolution of marginally trapped surfaces

In previous work, we have shown the existence of a dynamical horizon or marginally outer trapped tube (MOTT) containing a given strictly stable marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS). In this paper, we show some results on the global behavior of MOTTs assuming the null energy condition. In particular, we show that MOTSs persist in the sense that every Cauchy surface in the future of a given Cauchy surface containing a MOTS also must contain a MOTS. We describe a situation where the evolving outermost MOTS must jump during the coalescence of two separate MOTSs. We furthermore characterize the behavior of MOTSs in the case that the principal eigenvalue vanishes under a genericity assumption. This leads to a regularity result for the tube of outermost MOTSs under the genericity assumption. This tube is then smooth up to finitely many jump times. Finally we discuss the relation of MOTSs to singularities of a spacetime.
The Effect of Career Development, Perception of Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction on Teacher’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of career development, perception of organizational justice and job satisfaction on teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of the Public Senior High School in Gorontalo regency, Gorontalo province. This research used the quantitative approach with survey method. The samples of this research were 178 employees selected randomly. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaire and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and path analysis in inferential statistics. The results of the research can be concluded that: Career development had a direct effect on teacher’s OCB, perception of organizational justice had a direct effect on teacher’s OCB, job satisfaction had a direct effect on teacher’s OCB, career development had a direct effect on teacher’s job satisfaction, perception of organizational justice had a direct effect on teacher’s job satisfaction. Therefore to improve teacher’s OCB career development, perception of organizational justice and job satisfaction should be improved.
New Ridge Flux Analysis for Fingerprint Minutiae Detection

This paper presents a new fingerprint minutiae extraction approach that is based on the analysis of the ridge flux distribution. The considerable processing time taken by the conventional approaches, most of which use the ridge thinning process with a rather large calculation time, is a problem that has recently attracted increased attention. We observe that the features of a ridge curve are very similar to those of a vector flux such as a line of electric force or a line of magnetic force. In the proposed approach, vector flux analysis is applied to detect minutiae without using the ridge thinning process in order to reduce the computation time. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve a reduction in calculation time, while achieving the same success detection rate as that of the conventional approaches.
A Processing-in-Memory Taxonomy and a Case for Studying Fixed-function PIM

The emergence of die-stacking technology with mixed logic and memory processes has brought about a renaissance in “processing in memory” (PIM) concepts, first envisioned decades ago. For some, the PIM concept conjures an image of a complete processing unit (e.g., CPU, GPU) integrated directly with memory, perhaps on a logic chip 3D-stacked under one or more memory chips. However, PIM potentially covers a very wide spectrum of compute capabilities embedded in/with the memory. This position paper presents an initial taxonomy for in-memory computing, and advocates for the exploration of simpler computing mechanisms in the memory stack in addition to fully-programmable PIM architectures.