Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of short‐ and long‐TE 1H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors

2‐Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced in gliomas with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2. The 1H resonances of the J‐coupled spins of 2HG are extensively overlapped with signals from other metabolites. Here, we report a comparative study at 3 T of the utility of the point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence with a standard short TE (35 ms) and a long TE (97 ms), which had been theoretically designed for the detection of the 2HG 2.25‐ppm resonance. The performance of the methods is evaluated using data from phantoms, seven healthy volunteers and 22 subjects with IDH‐mutated gliomas. The results indicate that TE = 97 ms provides higher detectability of 2HG than TE = 35 ms, and that this improved capability is gained when data are analyzed with basis spectra that include the effects of the volume localizing radiofrequency and gradient pulses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor persistence in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion patients with positive surgical margin post loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

OBJECTIVE To determine the rates of persistent and recurrent tumors in patients with High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) who had positive surgical margin from Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP). MATERIAL AND METHOD Clinical and pathological data of all women who underwent LEEP procedures and revealed HSIL lesions with positive surgical margin between July 1997 and December 2004 were recorded. RESULTS Histologic diagnoses of HSIL with positive surgical margin were found in 95 cases during the study period. Residual diseases were identified at ectocervical margins in 46 cases (48.4%), endocervical margin in 26 cases (27.4%), and both margins in 23 cases (24.2%). Subsequent hysterectomy was performed in 58 cases (61.0%). The remaining 37 cases (38.9%) underwent periodic follow-up with the median follow up period of 11 months (range, 1-74 months). Persistent diseases were identified in 18 of 58 hysterectomized cases but none in 37 follow-up cases. Recurrent disease was identified in only one case in the follow-up group. Overall the rates of persistent and recurrent disease were found in 18.9% and 1.1% respectively. CONCLUSION In HSIL patients with positive surgical margin from LEEP the rate of persistent disease was 18.9%, while the rate of recurrence was 1.1%.
Competition in Portfolio Management: Theory and Experiment

We explore theoretically and experimentally the general equilibrium price and allocation implications of delegated portfolio management when the investor--manager relationship is nonexclusive. Our theory predicts that competition forces managers to promise portfolios that mimic Arrow--Debreu AD securities, which investors then combine to fit their preferences. A weak version of the capital asset pricing model CAPM obtains, where state prices relative to state probabilities implicit in prices of traded securities will be inversely ranked to aggregate wealth across states. Our experiment broadly corroborates the price and choice predictions of the theory. However, price quality deteriorates when only a few managers attract most of the available wealth. Wealth concentration increases because funds flow toward managers who offer portfolios closer to replicating AD securities as in the theory, but also because funds flow to managers who had better performance in the immediate past an observation unrelated to the theory. This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Division algebras with an anti-automorphism but with no involution

In this note we give examples of division rings which posses an anti-automorphism but no involution. The motivation for such examples comes from geometry. If D is a division ring and V a finite-dimensional right D-vector space of dimension ≥ 3, then the projective geometry P(V ) has a duality (resp. polarity) if and only if D has an anti-automorphism (resp. involution) [2, p. 97, p. 111]. Thus, the existence of a division ring with an anti-automorphism but no involution gives examples of projective geometries with dualities but no polarities. All the division rings considered in this paper are finite-dimensional algebras over their center. The anti-automorphisms we construct are not linear over the center (i.e. they do not restrict to the identity on the center) since a theorem of Albert [1, Theorem 10.19] shows that every finite-dimensional central division algebra with a linear anti-automorphism has an involution. Several proofs of this result can be found in the literature, see for instance [5] or [10, Chapter 8, §8]. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 collects some background information on central division algebras. Section 3 establishes the existence of division algebras over algebraic number fields which have anti-automorphisms but no involution, and gives two explicit constructions of such algebras. The proofs rely on deep classical results on the Brauer group of number fields. Section 4 gives examples whose center has a more complicated structure (they are Laurent series fields over local fields), but the proof that these algebras have no involution is more elementary. Sections 3 and 4 are independent of each other.
Identifiable reticulospinal neurons of the adult zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

Reticulospinal neurons of the larval zebrafish Brachydanio rerio have been categorized into 27 different types (Kimmel et al.: Journal of Comparative Neurology 205:112–127, 1982; Metcalfe et al.: Journal of Comparative Neurology 251:147–159, 1986). Nineteen of these occur as bilateral pairs which are individually identifiable. Since considerable remolding of brain structures (e.g., cell death and modifications of neuronal architecture) occurs during development, we ask if these cells are preserved in the adult zebrafish and the extent to which neuronal morphology of the larva is conserved during ontogeny. In our analysis, we studied reticular neurons from 84 brains retrogradely labelled from the spinal cord with HRP. We show that all reticulospinal types of the larva are retained without considerable change in morphology in the adult. Many neurons, including the Mauthner cell and two of its serial homologues, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, can be individually and unambiguously identified. In addition, the appearance of later developing (tertiary) neurons leads to an increase in the numbers of some neuron types. Although tertiary neurons are often isomorphic with neighboring cells, they can have unique morphologies of their own and, therefore, are also individually identifiable. We suggest that the appearance of tertiary neurons may serve to extend the behavioural repertoire of the embryo. Moreover, morphological repetitions in adjacent segments of the otic region (level of VIIIth nerve entry) may represent the replication of a functional motif, perhaps involving the C‐type escape response which is known to involve the Mauthner cell.
Qur'an, liberation & pluralism : an Islamic perspective of interreligious solidarity against oppression

Introduction 1 1. The Context 19 2. between text and Context 49 3. Hermeneutical Keys 82 4. Redefining Self and Other 114 5. The Qur'an and the other 146 6. Redefining Comrades and Opponents 179 7. From the Wilderness to the Promised land.
Conformation of N‐terminal HIV‐1 tat (fragment 1–9) peptide by NMR and MD simulations

The N‐terminal portion of HIV‐1 Tat covering residues 1–9 is a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV). We have used 1H NMR techniques, coupled with molecular dynamics methods, to determine the conformation of this peptide in the three diverse media: DMSO‐d6, water (pH 2.7) and 40% HFA solution. The results indicate that in both DMSO‐d6 and HFA the peptide has a tendency to acquire a type I β‐turn around the segment Asp5‐Pro6‐Asn7‐Ile8. The N‐terminal end is seen to be as a random coil. In water, the structure is best described as a left‐handed polyproline type II (PPII) helix for the mid segment region Asp2 to Pro6. The structures obtained in this study have been compared with an earlier report on Tat (1–9). Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment and the processing of social information in adolescence.

A key proposition of attachment theory is that experience-based cognitive representations of attachment, often referred to as internal working models of attachment, influence the manner in which individuals process attachmentrelevant social information (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980; Bretherton & Munholland, 1999; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985). This proposition, once examined predominantly in studies of children and adults, has garnered a considerable amount of theoretical and empirical attention recently from researchers interested in studying the nature of adolescent attachment. This attention has led to new theoretical models and empirical studies, and the mounting data have lent support to the notion that adolescents’ internal working models of attachment are linked to their processing of attachmentrelevant social information. In the light of these recent developments, our goal in this chapter is to review this growing and important body of literature. We begin our review by discussing briefly the proposed structure and function of internal working models of attachment. This discussion focuses principally on internal working models’ diverse social information processing properties and sets the stage for understanding how links between attachment and
MOS-Controlled thyristors&#8212;A new class of power devices

A new class of power devices is described that is based on an optimal combination of MOS and thyristor elements. Devices of this class function in the ON-state and OFF-state in a manner indistinguishable from a thyristor yet can switch from on-to-off or off-to-on by applying a voltage to its MOS gate. Thus, the devices exhibit extremely low forward drop, high surge current capability, and enjoy negative thermal feedback. To turn off the device, one activates the gate so that FET's are turned on to effectively short one of the emitting junctions of the thyristor. These FET's need only block a maximum of about 1 V when off and carry a sizable current for about 1 µs when on. To turn on the device, any of the normal methods may be employed. However, it is most convenient to use the same MOS gate electrode (and polysilicon layer) and a voltage of the opposite polarity to turn on the thyristor with another FET-just as if it were a normal MOS gated thyristor. The current density that can be turned off depends on the density and effective resistance of the turn-off FET's while turn-on speed and di/ dt rating depend on the initial turn-on area, which in turn depends on the density of the ON-FET's. If the OFF-gate voltage is maintained during the desired OFF-state period, the device has, effectively, an infinite dv/dt capability. Switching speed is most similar to, but somewhat faster than, that of gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and, as in other bipolar devices, depends chiefly on carrier recombination time, device thickness, and turn-offdi/dt.
The Challenge of Neuroscience: Psychiatry and Phenomenology Today

The paper illustrates the present role of phenomenological psychopathology by outlining its methods and focusing on some of its major issues: embodiment or body scheme, intentionality, time consciousness and intersubjectivity. The application of these categories to the analysis of psychotic disorders is demonstrated. Special emphasis is given to the relationship between phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience, a relationship that has been variously viewed as ‘mutual constraint’ or as ‘mutual enlightenment’. This is where a new cooperation linking phenomenology, psychopathology and cognitive science begins to emerge. Phenomenology offers a methodically developed theory of human subjectivity that is indispensable to any attempt to understand, explore and treat psychiatric disorders.
Positronium Hyperfine Splitting: Analytical Value at O( m{alpha}{sup 6} )

We present an analytic calculation of the O(m{alpha}{sup 6}) recoil corrections to the hyperfine splitting (HFS) of the ground state energy levels in positronium. We find {Delta}E{sub rec}=m{alpha}{sup 6}( {minus} (1) /(6) ln{alpha}+ (331) /(432) {minus} (ln2) /(4) {minus} (17{zeta}(3)) /(8{pi}{sup 2}) + (5) /(12{pi}{sup 2}) ){approx}m{alpha}{sup 6}({minus} (1) /(6) ln{alpha}+0.376thinsp 32) , confirming Pachucki{close_quote}s numerical result [Phys.thinspthinspRev. thinspthinspA {bold 56}, 297 (1997)]. We present a complete analytic formula for the O(m{alpha}{sup 6}) HFS of the positronium ground state and, including O(m{alpha}{sup 7}ln {sup 2} {alpha}) effects, find [E(1{sup 3}S{sub 1}){minus}E(1{sup 1}S{sub 0})]{sub theory}= 203thinsp392.01(46) MHz . This differs from the experimental results by about 3 standard deviations. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Old and new physics interpretations of the NuTeV anomaly

We discuss whether the NuTeV anomaly can be explained, compatibly with all other data, by QCD efiects (maybe, if the strange sea is asymmetric, or there is a tiny violation of isospin), new physics in propagators or couplings of the vector bosons (not really), loops of supersymmetric particles (no), dimension six operators (yes, for one speciflc SU(2)L-invariant operator), leptoquarks (not in a minimal way), extra U(1) gauge bosons (maybe: an unmixed Z 0 coupled to Bi3L" also increases the muon gi2 by about 10 i9 and gives a 'burst' to cosmic rays above the GZK cutofi).
Newton Method for Riemannian Centroid Computation in Naturally Reductive Homogeneous Spaces

We address the problem of computing the Riemannian centroid of a constellation of points in a naturally reductive homogeneous manifold. We note that many interesting manifolds used in engineering (such as the special orthogonal group, Grassman, sphere, positive definite matrices) possess this structure. We develop an intrinsic Newton scheme for the centroid computation. This is achieved by exploiting a formula that we introduce for obtaining the Hessian of the squared Riemannian distance on naturally reductive homogeneous spaces. Some results of finding the centroid of a constellation of points in these spaces are presented, which evidence the quadratic convergence of the Newton method derived herein. These computer simulation results show that, as expected, the Newton method has a faster convergence rate than the usual gradient-based approaches
The Neural Network House: An Environment that Adapts to its Inhabitants

Although the prospect of computerized homes has a long history, ho/ne automation has never become terribly popular because the benefits are seldom seen to outweigh the costs. One significant cost of an automated home is that someone has to program it to behave appropriately. Typical inhabitants do not want to program simple devices such as VCRs, let alone a much broader range of electronic devices, appliances, and comfort systems that have even greater functionality. We describe an alternative approach t in which the goal is for the home to essentially program itself by observing the lifestyle and desires of the inhabitants, and learning to anticipate and accommodate their needs. The system we have developed controls basic residential comfort systems--air heating, lighting, ventilation, and water heating. We have constructed a prototype system in an actual residence, and describe initial results and the current state of the project.
Control of shunt active filter based on the internal model principle: Tuning procedure and experimental results

Shunt active filters are used to compensate for electric current harmonics in the line grid. In this paper the internal model principle is exploited to achieve asymptotic harmonics cancellation. A detailed tuning procedure for this kind of controller is provided, keeping into account the effects of digital implementation. Extensive experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Taste sensitivity for monosodium glutamate and an increased liking of dietary protein

The aim of the present study was to determine individuals' taste threshold for monosodium glutamate (MSG) alone and in combination with inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP-5) and to examine if this threshold was related to an increase in sensory properties (including pleasantness of taste) and/or to one's preference for dietary protein over carbohydrate and fat. Using the triangle tasting method, the taste threshold was determined for thirty-six women and twenty-four men. Thresholds varied from zero to infinite as determined using a clear soup with added MSG in the concentration range of 0·1 to 0·8 % (w/w) MSG. Subjects rated fourteen sensory properties of the soup and also their ‘liking’, ‘eating frequency’ and ‘preference’ of twenty-two common high-protein, high-carbohydrate and high-fat food items. The taste threshold (and therefore sensitivity) of MSG was lowered from 0·33 (sem 0·24) to 0·26 (sem 0·22) % MSG when 0·25 % (w/w) IMP-5 was added. None of the sensory properties assessed was associated with the taste threshold of MSG ± 0·25 % IMP-5 in the overall study population. However, the taste descriptor ‘meatiness’ was associated with the threshold data for individuals who could taste concentrations of ≤ 0·4 % MSG. ‘Liking’ and ‘preference’ scores for protein were found to be related to the threshold of MSG ± 0·25 % IMP-5. From this study population we conclude that the taste threshold of MSG in combination with IMP-5 does appear to predict one's ‘liking’ of as well as ‘preference’ for high-protein foods.
Distribution, Levels, and Activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 in the Alzheimer Disease Brain

A number of studies have implicated a proline-directed protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Toward understanding the role of GSK-3 in the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD we have found that GSK-3 is prominently present in neuronal cell bodies and their processes and co-localizes with neurofibrillary changes in AD brain. Furthermore, the levels of GSK-3 as determined by indirect ELISA are ∼50% increased in the postsynaptosomal supernatant from AD brains as compared to the controls. However, no increase in GSK-3 enzyme activity was detected. In AD brain, with its reduced phosphatase activity, even normal levels of GSK-3 activity might be sufficient for the hyperphosphorylation of tau.
Enigma of the Abundant Water-Soluble Cytoplasmic Proteins of the Cornea: The “Refracton” Hypothesis

It is accepted that the taxon-specific, multifunctional crystallins (small heat-shock proteins and enzymes) serve structural roles contributing to the transparent and refractive properties of the lens. The transparent cornea also accumulates unexpectedly high proportions of taxon-specific, multifunctional proteins particularly, but not only, in the epithelium. For example, aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (ALDH3) is the main water-soluble protein in corneal epithelial cells of most mammals (but ALDH1 predominates in the rabbit), whereas gelsolin predominates in the zebrafish corneal epithelium. Moreover, some invertebrates (e.g., squid and scallop) accumulate proteins in their corneas that are similar to their lens crystallins. Pax-6, among other transcription factors, is implicated in development and tissue-specific gene expression of the lens and cornea. Environmental factors appear to influence gene expression in the cornea, but not the lens. Although no direct proof exists, the diverse, abundant corneal proteins may have evolved a crystallinlike role, in addition to their enzymatic or cytoskeletal functions, by a gene sharing mechanism similar to the lens crystallins. Consequently, it is proposed that the cornea and lens be considered as a single refractive unit, called here the “refracton,” to emphasize their similarities and common function.
Role of the Centrosomal MARK4 Protein in Gliomagenesis

Human gliomas are the most frequent tumours of the central nervous system (Kleihues & Cavenee, 2000). They are of neuroectodermal origin and present as different histological types and malignancy grades (Louis et al., 2007). According to the WHO (world health organization) system, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and mixed oligoastrocytoma are classified as differentiated gliomas, while anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma show increasing grades of malignancy (Box 1).
Anaesthesiology research in the European Union and the European Free Trade Association: An overview from 2001 to 2015

BACKGROUND Publication performance in anaesthesiology hints at research activity and attractiveness for a particular centre or country for anaesthetists. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective bibliographic study is to compare the publication performance of anaesthesiology departments within the countries of the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) combined. Outcome measures were the number of publications, the number of original articles, the average impact factor and the number of publications and average impact factor per million inhabitants. METHODS Articles from anaesthesiology departments within the EU and EFTA countries published between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2015 were included. Articles were electronically imported from Medline into a database and linked to anaesthesiology departments according to the authors’ affiliations. Publication performance was assessed for 2001 to 2005, 2006 to 2010, 2011 to 2015 and 2001 to 2015. RESULTS From 2001 to 2015, the absolute number of articles increased from 10 513 to 19 037 (+81%), whereas the number of original research articles decreased from 3786 to 1563 (−58%). Germany had the most publications (8948) with 1967 of these being original articles. Denmark achieved not only the highest average impact factor per million inhabitants (319.9) but also the most articles per anaesthesiologist (1.46), and per million habitants (105.7). Countries which moved up the income scale to a higher income class also increased the number of publications. DISCUSSION In the EU and EFTA countries, the total number of publications increased from 2001 to 2015, but the number of original research articles fell by more than 50%. CONCLUSION Between 2001 and 2015, in the EU and EFTA countries, the number of publications increased, whereas the number of original articles decreased. Germany published most, but Denmark had most publications per anaesthesiologist and per capita, and also achieved the highest impact factor per article.