Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A controlled evaluation of hypnobehavioural treatment for bulimia nervosa: Immediate pre-post treatment effects.

The study reports the pre-post findings from a controlled comparative evaluation of treatments for bulimia nervosa. These pre-post results allow comparison of the hypnobehavioural and cognitive behavioural treatments with a waiting list control group and a comparison of the immediate effects of the two modalities. One hundred and thirty subjects were screened to enter the study. Seventy-eight subjects entered the investigation after being randomly allocated to either a waiting list control group, or to hypnobehavioural or cognitive behavioural groups. The treatments were delivered individually and matched in duration (8 weeks) and the number of sessions. Pre to posttreatment outcome indicated significant differences between the control group and the two treatments in reductions in bulimic behaviours and related eating pathology. The immediate effects of both treatments were equal. There were no differences at posttreatment between the treatments in abstinence from either bingeing or purging. The treatment effects were also similar to the immediate effects obtained by longer therapeutic approaches.
Imaging Appearance of Advanced Chronic Adhesive Arachnoiditis: A Retrospective Review.

OBJECTIVE Chronic adhesive arachnoiditis (CAA) is rare and has potentially devastating clinical consequences. The objective of this article is to review the clinical features of CAA and describe its appearance on imaging, to increase radiologists' awareness of this challenging diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine cases of advanced CAA seen at our institution over 18 years (1995-2013) were retrospectively reviewed. Chart review was performed, with attention given to data on clinical presentation, suspected cause, and interventions performed. All patients underwent MRI, and seven patients also underwent CT myelography. Clinical and imaging features were evaluated and categorized. RESULTS The 29 patients ranged in age from 23 to 96 years and included 11 women and 18 men. Suspected underlying causative factors included trauma (n = 10), prior surgery (n = 9), nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 7), infection (n = 3), myelography with iophendylate used as contrast medium (n = 1), Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1), and unknown causes (n = 1). Imaging characteristics include loculated CSF collections (n = 23), nerve root clumping, enhancement, and displacement (n = 15), cord swelling with increased T2 signal (n = 12), arachnoid septations (n = 11), cord atrophy (n = 6), syrinx (n = 5), and intrathecal calcifications (n = 3). Ten patients underwent surgical procedures, and most had only brief clinical improvement. CONCLUSION CAA is a rare cause of devastating neurologic symptoms and chronic pain. The imaging features of CAA range from subtle to severe. Advanced arachnoiditis can present with spinal cord swelling and syrinx formation, which can mimic other disease processes. Inclusion of advanced CAA in the differential diagnosis can prevent unnecessary interventions.
A Developmental Framework for Counseling Supervision.

Four models of supervision—counseling/therapeutic, teaching, consulting, and self-supervising—have been identified, but no one model adequately describes the total supervision process. The authors propose a comprehensive developmental framework that incorporates the four supervision models. The framework reflects the changes that occur during supervision and offers the supervisor and the trainee a means of conceptualizing the developmental stages of supervision. Professionalization occurs during supervision as the trainee assumes greater responsibility for the content of supervision and learns how to be a self-supervisor.
Leader succession: does gender matter?

Leader succession is a traumatic event in any organization and unfortunately the list of successor candidates rarely includes women. In order to extend current knowledge regarding leader succession, this study examines the effect of leader successor gender on post‐succession performance. Juxtaposes theories regarding gender stereotypes, organization leadership, and leadership succession. Hypotheses are tested using a sample from one of few forums that yields a sufficient mix of male and female leaders – US NCAA Division I women's head basketball coaches. Results suggest neither gender outperforms the other. More importantly, finds that gender successor origin moderates the relationship between the gender of the successor and short‐term organizational performance.
A Subjectively-Based Definition of Life Balance using Personal Meaning in Occupation

As definitions of life balance continue to proliferate within occupational science, ongoing testing of underlying assessment approaches are needed to inform the life balance construct. Within the present study a subjective definition of life balance was proposed that included the assessment of both meaningful activity and needs for meaningful activity. Using indicators of meaningful activity (Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey) and needs for meaningful activity (Meaningful Activity Wants and Needs Assessment), life balance was defined as a person reporting high levels of meaningful activity concurrently with low needs for additional meaningful activity experiences (Balance). Alternatively, people were defined as experiencing Imbalance when they concurrently reported low levels of meaningful activity and high needs for meaningful activity. In a sample of 250 university undergraduate and graduate students the present definition of life balance demonstrated theoretically predicted relationships with measures of well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, presence of meaning in life, and basic psychological needs fulfillment) and ill-being (i.e., depression and search for meaning in life). In all instances, persons identified as experiencing Balance reported significantly greater levels of well-being and lower levels of ill-being than those experiencing Imbalance. The present study, therefore, offers evidence demonstrating that perceived meaning in day-to-day activities offers a conceptually sound basis for further exploring the construct of life balance.
Rapid changes in protein synthesis and cell size in the cochlear nucleus following eighth nerve activity blockade or cochlea ablation

Destruction of the cochlea causes secondary changes in the central auditory pathway through transynaptic regulation. These changes appear to be mediated by an activity‐dependent process and can be detected in the avian auditory system as early as 30 minutes after deafferentation. We compared the early changes in cochlear nucleus neurons following deafferentation by cochlea ablation with those seen following activity deprivation by perilymphatic tetrodotoxin (TTX) exposure. Protein synthesis and size of large spherical cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) of 14‐day‐old gerbils were measured during the first 48 hours after the manipulations.
Anxiety-Related Biases in Visual Orienting and Spatial Motor Response Selection Independently Assessed by a Probe-Classification Task

This dot-probe study assessed anxiety-related biases in visual attentional orienting and spatial motor response selection (motor attention) in high- and low-trait-anxious adults, and whether anxiety-related biases depend on response speed. Emotional-neutral word pairs appeared for 14 or 500 ms, with one word of each pair replaced by a probe. Visual attention bias to emotional words was reflected by faster responses to probes replacing emotional words (spatial correspondence between probe and word positions). Response selection bias was reflected by faster responses when emotional word position (top/bottom screen) spatially corresponded to response position (upper/lower response key). Results revealed anxiety-related bias in visual attention for physical-threat words. In distributional analyses, this bias was associated with slower responses in the 14 ms condition (first task half). Results also revealed anxiety-related effects of spatial correspondence between emotional word and response, which are discussed in terms of increased bias in motor attention towards emotional stimuli in anxiety.
Perineal or Abdominal Approach First During Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer: Which Is the Best Strategy?

BACKGROUND: Intersphincteric resection during total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer can be performed through a primary abdominal or a primary perineal approach. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of a primary perineal approach with those of a primary abdominal approach in patients undergoing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer. DESIGN: This was a case-matched retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary colorectal surgery referral center. PATIENTS: From 2005 to 2013, among 138 patients with low rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision with intersphincteric resection, 34 patients with a primary abdominal approach (abdominal group) were matched with 51 identical patients with a primary perineal approach (6-cm perineal dissection along the mesorectal plane; perineal group), according to TNM stage, sex, BMI, and age. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Postoperative morbidity, oncologic outcomes, and 3-year overall and disease-free survivals were measured. RESULTS: The operative time was significantly shorter in the perineal group (269 minutes in perineal vs 240 minutes in abdominal group; p = 0.01). Overall morbidity (47% vs 47%; p = 1.00), severe morbidity (16% vs 15%; p = 0.90), and clinical anastomotic leakage (24% vs 12%; p = 0.17) rates showed no differences when comparing the 2 groups. The overall R1 resection rate was similar in the 2 groups (16% vs 9%; p = 0.36), including a 10% vs 9% positive circumferential margin (p = 0.88) and a 8% vs 0% positive distal margin (p = 0.15). After a median follow-up of 39 months, 3-year overall (100% vs 93% (95% CI, 88%–98%); p = 0.26) and disease-free (63% (95% CI, 56%–71%) vs 62% (95% CI, 53%–71%); p = 0.58) survival rates showed no differences between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its nonrandomized nature and limited sample size. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer, the primary perineal approach appears to reduce operative time and is associated with similar short- and long-term outcomes as compared with the primary abdominal approach. The primary perineal approach should thus be considered as the standard strategy.
Modern Nuclear Imaging for Paragangliomas: Beyond SPECT

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that may arise anywhere along the paraganglial system, with a high frequency of hereditary forms or multifocal disease. Most often, paragangliomas are benign and progress slowly, but metastases may occur in about 10% of patients. In this respect, nuclear imaging in combination with anatomic imaging may be required to fully delineate the extent of the disease. PET has been increasingly used in imaging paraganglioma, paralleled by great efforts toward the development of new tracers. Recent data indicate that the choice of PET tracers should be tailored to tumor localization and to the patient's genetic status. This article provides insight into the many PET radiotracers that are currently available and others that are still only under research and guides clinicians toward appropriate use in relation to genetic carrier status. In addition, this article provides nuclear medicine physicians with the background knowledge required for understanding relationships between imaging phenotypes and molecular genetics.
Counting Cells in Time-Lapse Microscopy using Deep Neural Networks

An automatic approach to counting any kind of cells could alleviate work of the experts and boost the research in fields such as regenerative medicine. In this paper, a method for microscopy cell counting using multiple frames (hence temporal information) is proposed. Unlike previous approaches where the cell counting is done independently in each frame (static cell counting), in this work the cell counting prediction is done using multiple frames (dynamic cell counting). A spatiotemporal model using ConvNets and long short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks is proposed to overcome temporal variations. The model outperforms static cell counting in a publicly available dataset of stem cells. The advantages, working conditions and limitations of the ConvNet-LSTM method are discussed. Although our method is tested in cell counting, it can be extrapolated to quantify in video (or correlated image series) any kind of objects or volumes.
Towards improved BCI based on human learning principles

Although EEG-based BCI are very promising for numerous applications, they mostly remain prototypes not used outside laboratories, due to their low reliability. Poor BCI performances are partly due to imperfect EEG signal processing algorithms but also to the user, who may not be able to produce reliable EEG patterns. This paper presents some of our current work that aims at addressing the latter, i.e., at guiding users to learn BCI control mastery. First, this paper identifies some theoretical (based on human learning psychology models) and practical limitations of current standard BCI training approaches and thus the need for alternative ones. To try to address these limitations, we conducted a study to explore what kind of users can use a BCI and why, and will present the main results. We also present new feedback types we designed to help users to learn BCI control skills more efficiently.
Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden cardiac death.

To determine whether sudden cardiac death exhibits a circadian rhythm similar to that recently demonstrated for nonfatal myocardial infarction, we analyzed the time of day of sudden cardiac death as indicated by death certificates of 2203 individuals dying out of the hospital in Massachusetts in 1983. The data reveal a prominent circadian variation of sudden cardiac death, with a low incidence during the night and an increased incidence from 7 to 11 A.M. The pattern is remarkably similar to that reported for nonfatal myocardial infarction and episodes of myocardial ischemia. The finding that the frequency of sudden cardiac death is increased in the morning is compatible with hypotheses that sudden cardiac death results from ischemia or from a primary arrhythmic event. Further study of the physiologic changes occurring in the morning may provide new information supporting or refuting these hypotheses, thereby leading to increased understanding and possible prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Non-neutrality and argument in the hybrid political interview

This article explores the nature of argumentative interaction in the hybrid political interview: a broadcast news genre whose discourse positions the journalist not just as investigator but as socio-political advocate. Such interviews offer explicit challenges to the traditionally conceived ‘neutral’ role of the broadcast news journalist. Interviewer ‘non-neutrality’ is examined in contexts where the speech exchange system shifts into the unmitigated and aggravated opposition characteristic of argument. Drawing on a sample of interviews involving different hosts, I analyse the structural features of both interviewer and interviewee turns that occur in these environments. I do this in relation both to sequential matters — that is, the types of turns taken and their relations with other turns in their immediate environment — and to matters of the substantive content of utterances — that is, what speakers are saying and/or the way they are saying it.
Bibliotherapy

Recent years have witnessed an upsurge in the therapeutic use of books. With its initial roots in psychodynamic theory, available models emphasize features of the relationship between the personality of a reader and the cognitive and affective experience offered through literature. This article explores the historical development of bibliotherapy focusing on its use in therapeutic practice and associated research. The current authors suggest that the field of bibliotherapy is in need of development with regard to more methodologically stringent forms of validation, notwithstanding meta-analytic findings in some areas. Additionally, coherent taxonomies and theory-driven practice models are particularly needed to underpin increased rigor in answering scholarly questions. With these caveats in mind, and in light of findings in recent years, bibliotherapy does hold promise as a useful adjunct for the busy practitioner and client. Highlighted throughout the article are the suggested benefits of bibliotherapy as well as a call for practitioners to consider the value of pragmatic evaluation of bibliotherapy within the context of managing their own local practice.
Reevaluating Alliance Reliability

Previously reported empirical evidence suggests that when conflict arises, military alliances are not reliable; state leaders should only expect their alliance partners to join them in war about 25% of the time. Yet, theoretical arguments explaining the choices of leaders to form cooperative agreements are at odds with such empirical evidence. This puzzling gap between theory and evidence motivates a reconsideration of previous measures of alliance reliability. Many alliance treaties include specific language regarding the circumstances under which the alliance comes into effect, often limiting obligations to disputes with specific target states or in specific geographic areas, and many treaties do not go so far as to require states to join in active fighting. Considering the specific obligations included in alliance agreements provides an improved estimate of the propensity of states to honor their commitments. Results show that alliances are reliable 74.5% of the time.
A secondary tone-counting task suppresses expression of knowledge in the serial reaction task

T. Curran and S. W. Keek (1993, Experiment 3) reported that if dual-task training on the serial reaction task (M. J. Nissen & P. Bullemer, 1987) is followed by 2 tests of learning, the 1st under dual-task conditions and the 2nd under single-task conditions, then participants' learning scores do not differ for the 2 learning tests. This finding argues against the "suppression" hypothesis, according to which the presence of a secondary task suppresses expression of knowledge on the primary task. The authors repeated Curran and Keele's experiment with a slightly different design and with 2 different types of sequences. The results did not conceptually replicate the earlier findings but instead demonstrated larger learning scores under singlethan dual-task tests, thus supporting the suppression hypothesis. The findings imply that existing results demonstrating impaired performance under dual-task relative to single-task conditions cannot be unequivocally interpreted as supporting the attention dependency of implicit sequence learning, both in terms of need for resources and lack of interference.
Involvement of Cajal–Retzius cells in robust and layer‐specific regeneration of the entorhino‐hippocampal pathways

Severed adult CNS axons can extend over long distances when a permissive ‘milieu’, such as grafted Schwann cells or ensheathing cells, is provided. Moreover, functional blocking of endogenous inhibitory factors, such as Nogo‐A or proteoglycans, enhances the regeneration of axotomized neurons. Here we examine whether guidance cues available during the development of axonal pathways could also potentiate the regeneration of lesioned adult circuits. The Cajal–Retzius cells in the hippocampus are transient pioneer neurons that guide entorhino‐hippocampal afferents to their target layers. By using an in vitro model of axotomy of the entorhino‐hippocampal pathway we show that Cajal–Retzius cells triggered the regeneration of the axotomized entorhino‐hippocampal pathway. Furthermore, the regrowth induced by Cajal–Retzius cells was robust and its pattern was indistinguishable from that of the unlesioned entorhino‐hippocampal pathway. Thus, regenerating axons regrew in a layer‐specific fashion towards the appropriate target layers, making synaptic contacts with target pyramidal neurons. Interestingly, the ability of lesioned entorhinal axons to regrow was maintained for at least 9 days after axotomy. These results show that the growth‐promoting cells controlling the development of neural circuits will be a relevant approach to promoting the regeneration of lesioned adult CNS pathways.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ROLE AMBIGUITY AND TRUST IN CONFLICT PERCEPTION: UNPACKING THE TASK CONFLICT TO RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT LINKAGE

This article examines the impact of role ambiguity and trust on the transformation of task conflict into relationship conflict. Building on the work of Simons and Peterson (2000) we argue that the work environment—in the form of role ambiguity—provides information with which individuals assess the motivations underlying task conflict. We hypothesize that under high role ambiguity, individuals are less likely to attribute an ulterior motive to those engaging in task conflict because they see the conflict as stemming from the needs of the work itself. In a sample of 141 managerial, professional and administrative employees we find strong support for this hypothesis as well as the additional hypothesis that this effect is stronger under conditions of high trust.
Optical recordings of the cortical response to whisker stimulation before and after the addition of an epileptogenic agent

Optical recording methods using voltage-sensitive dyes were used to monitor activity in rat somatosensory cortex. We measured evoked signals in response to whisker stimulation before (control) and after the addition of the epileptogenic agent, bicuculline, and also detected spontaneous interictal events that occurred after bicuculline. Bicuculline led to an increase in the size, duration, cortical extent, and, surprisingly, the latency of the evoked responses. These enhanced evoked responses appeared to originate in the region of the control response and propagate outward. In contrast, the spontaneous signals appeared to originate at random cortical positions and had a more variable cortical extent. A transition signal measured just after the addition of bicuculline was larger than the control response but localized and rapid in time course. In most cases, there was a good correlation between the optical recordings and field potential measurements made with a ball electrode on the cortical surface, but there were occasional instances where the optical signal disappeared while the ball electrode signal was unchanged.