Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression and Depressive Symptoms in First Episode Psychosis

The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and pattern of lifetime Diagnostic and Structural Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth version) major depressive episodes, and the relationship between patient characteristics and current severity of depressive symptoms in first episode psychosis patients (FEPP). A total of 122 FEPP from the ongoing longitudinal thematically organized psychosis research study were included at first treatment. A total of 58 patients (48%) had experienced one or more major depressive episodes; 21 (17%) before onset of psychosis and 37 (30%) during or after onset of psychosis. Poor premorbid childhood adjustment, substance abuse, and excitative symptoms at start of treatment were statistically significant associated with higher current severity of depressive symptoms. Alcohol use was significantly associated with current severity of depression in men, while excitative symptoms were associated in women. Thus depressive symptoms are frequent among FEPP, with indications of gender specific differences in patient characteristics that might imply different approaches to treatment.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure alters osteoblast gene expression and craniofacial development in mice.

BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use in pregnancy has been linked to craniofacial birth defects. Little is known about the effects of serotonin or SSRIs on craniofacial development. Here, we provide evidence that citalopram (SSRI) alters the osteogenic profile of murine calvarial cells and leads to craniofacial dysmorphology. METHODS We used mouse calvarial pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) to study the biochemical profile (microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions) after treatment with a titrated dose of citalopram. We used C57BL-6 wild-type breeders to produce litters treated with a clinical dose of citalopram during the third trimester of pregnancy. We used micro-computed tomography and morphometric measures to determine effects on craniofacial development. RESULTS Controls included untreated cells and age matched untreated litters. We observed decreases in proliferation and increases in alkaline phosphatase activity after citalopram exposure. We confirmed altered expression of genes linked to osteogenesis including Ocn and significant increase in expression of Alp after 7 days of treatment. Our data suggest altered expression of several genes related to craniofacial development (Fgf2, Fgfr2, Tgfβr2 Irs1, Igf1) and statistically significant changes in expression for (Col2a1, Gdf6, Hmox1, and Notch1). We also observed changes in regulation of the serotonin pathway (Sert, Tph1, Tph2, Htr2a, Lrp5) after treatment with citalopram. After in utero exposure to citalopram, mice displayed shorter narrow snouts, more globular skulls and several craniofacial anomalies. CONCLUSION Our results provide confirmatory evidence that citalopram exposure is associated with cellular and morphological alterations of the craniofacial complex, which may have important implications for use during pregnancy.
Cardiovascular malformations and other cardiovascular abnormalities in neurofibromatosis 1.

Although it is well recognized that a peripheral vasculopathy may occur in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), it is unclear whether cardiovascular abnormalities are more common. We reviewed the frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities, in particular, cardiovascular malformations (CVMs), among 2322 patients with definite NF1 in the National Neurofibromatosis Foundation International Database from 1991-98. Cardiovascular malformations were reported in 54/2322 (2.3%) of the NF1 patients, only 4 of whom had Watson syndrome or NF1-Noonan syndrome. There was a predominance of Class II "flow" defects [Clark, 1995: Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents Including the Fetus and Young Adult. p 60-70] (43/54, 80%) among the NF1 patients with CVMs. Pulmonic stenosis, that was present in 25 NF1 patients, and aortic coarctation, that occurred in 5, constitute much larger proportions of all CVMs than expected. Of interest was the paucity of Class I conotruncal defects (2 patients with tetralogy of Fallot), and the absence of atrioventricular canal, anomalous pulmonary venous return, complex single ventricle and laterality defects. Besides the 54 patients with CVMs, there were 27 patients with other cardiac abnormalities (16 with murmur, 5 with mitral valve prolapse, 1 with intracardiac tumor, and 5 with electrocardiogram abnormalities). No patient in this study had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There were 16 patients who had a peripheral vascular abnormality without an intracardiac CVM, plus an additional 4 patients among those with a CVM who also had a peripheral vascular abnormality.
Elevated Levels of Testosterone Receptors in Keloid Tissue: An Experimental Investigation

&NA; Testosterone‐binding receptor protein analyses were performed in keloids of 24 patients. According to their clinical appearance (hyperemia, pain, rapid growth, etc.), the lesions were subdivided into regions of minor and major clinical keloid activity. Biopsies were taken from active and inactive parts of the keloids, respectively, as well as from normal adjacent skin. The mean receptor amount in femtomoles per milligrams of tissue was 0.046 for active (SD = 0.037), 0.038 for inactive keloidal lesions (SD = 0.032), and 0.012 for normal skin. The corresponding receptor amount per microgram of DNA was 3.356 fmol (SD = 2.171) for active, 2.077 fmol (SD = 1.427) for inactive keloidal, and 1.010 fmol (SD = 1.190) for normal tissue. Statistical evaluation was performed using a two‐way analysis of variance, with the two factors being individual subject and type of tissue. When differences were found, then Tukey's comparison was done to assess where those differences were. Comparisons of the receptor amount per milligram of tissue significant at the 0.05 level revealed significant differences between active keloid tissue and normal skin tissue and inactive and normal tissue (p < 0.01) respectively, while different receptor amount per microgram of DNA was significant between active and inactive and active and normal tissue (p < 0.01). These data suggest that elevated androgen receptor levels exist in clinical active keloid tissue and that possible therapeutic means might include topical antiandrogen therapy. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 390, 1997.)
Resolving the Limb Position Effect in Myoelectric Pattern Recognition

Reported studies on pattern recognition of electromyograms (EMG) for the control of prosthetic devices traditionally focus on classification accuracy of signals recorded in a laboratory. The difference between the constrained nature in which such data are often collected and the unpredictable nature of prosthetic use is an example of the semantic gap between research findings and a viable clinical implementation. In this paper, we demonstrate that the variations in limb position associated with normal use can have a substantial impact on the robustness of EMG pattern recognition, as illustrated by an in- crease in average classification error from 3.8% to 18%. We propose to solve this problem by: 1) collecting EMG data and training the classifier in multiple limb positions and by 2) measuring the limb position with accelerometers. Applying these two methods to data from ten normally limbed subjects, we reduce the average classification error from 18% to 5.7% and 5.0%, respectively. Our study shows how sensor fusion (using EMG and accelerometers) may be an efficient method to mitigate the effect of limb position and improve classification accuracy.
An Adaptive Reconfigurable Active Voltage Doubler/Rectifier for Extended-Range Inductive Power Transmission

We present an adaptive reconfigurable active voltage doubler (VD)/rectifier (REC) (VD/REC) in standard CMOS, which can adaptively change its topology to either a VD or a REC by sensing the output voltage, leading to more robust inductive power transmission over an extended range. Both active VD and REC modes provide much lower dropout voltage and far better power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to their passive counterparts by adopting offset-controlled high-speed comparators that drive the rectifying switches at proper times in the high-frequency band. We have fabricated the active VD/REC in a 0.5-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> 3-metal 2-poly CMOS process, occupying 0.585 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> of chip area. In an exemplar setup, VD/REC extended the power transmission range by 33<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula> (from 6 to 8 cm) in relative coil distance and 41.5<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$ </tex></formula> (from 53<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> to 75 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula>) in relative coil orientation compared to using the REC alone. While providing 3.1-V dc output across a 500-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex></formula> load from 2.15- (VD) and 3.7-V (REC) peak ac inputs at 13.56 MHz, VD/REC achieved measured PCEs of 70 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula> and 77<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula> , respectively.
Modulation of I(Kr) inactivation by mutation N588K in KCNH2: a link to arrhythmogenesis in short QT syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. One form of SQTS is caused by mutation N588K in human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG). In this study we sought to determine the potential role of N588K in arrhythmias. METHODS We measured the characteristics of HERG current generated by wild-type (WT) KCNH2 and the N588K mutant channel expressed in mammalian TSA201 cells. RESULTS Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of WT HERG currents showed the usual rapid onset of inactivation (rectification) at potentials more positive than +10 mV. In contrast, N588K currents rectified at potentials over +80 mV. Over the physiological range of potentials, N588K currents do not inactivate. During an action potential clamp, WT currents displayed a "hump" like waveform with slow activation kinetics and a rapid increase during phase 3 repolarization. In contrast, N588K currents were proportional to the amplitude of the action potential and displayed a dome-like configuration and a much larger current during the initial phases in the ventricle. Purkinje cell action potentials display a more negative phase 2 repolarization than the ventricle and elicited much smaller WT and N588K currents of similar amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS Physiologically the N588K mutation abolishes rectification of HERG currents and specifically increases I(Kr) in the ventricle with minimal effects on the Purkinje fiber action potential duration. Such preferential prolongation may explain the separation of the T and U waves observed in the ECG of SQTS patients and lead to re-excitation of the ventricle endocardium.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children.

OBJECTIVES The precise epidemiology of childhood pneumonia remains poorly defined. Accurate and prompt etiologic diagnosis is limited by inadequate clinical, radiologic, and laboratory diagnostic methods. The objective of this study was to determine as precisely as possible the epidemiology and morbidity of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. METHODS Consecutive immunocompetent children hospitalized with radiographically confirmed lower respiratory infections (LRIs) were evaluated prospectively from January 1999 through March 2000. Positive blood or pleural fluid cultures or pneumolysin-based polymerase chain reaction assays, viral direct fluorescent antibody tests, or viral, mycoplasmal, or chlamydial serologic tests were considered indicative of infection by those organisms. Methods for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia among study subjects were published by us previously. Selected clinical characteristics, indices of inflammation (white blood cell and differential counts and procalcitonin values), and clinical outcome measures (time to defervescence and duration of oxygen supplementation and hospitalization) were compared among groups of children. RESULTS One hundred fifty-four hospitalized children with LRIs were enrolled. Median age was 33 months (range: 2 months to 17 years). A pathogen was identified in 79% of children. Typical respiratory bacteria were identified in 60% (of which 73% were Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses in 45%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 14%, Chlamydia pneumoniae in 9%, and mixed bacterial/viral infections in 23%. Preschool-aged children had as many episodes of atypical bacterial LRIs as older children. Children with typical bacterial or mixed bacterial/viral infections had the greatest inflammation and disease severity. Multivariate logistic-regression analyses revealed that high temperature (> or = 38.4 degrees C) within 72 hours after admission (odds ratio: 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-3.5) and the presence of pleural effusion (odds ratio: 6.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.1-21.2) were significantly associated with bacterial pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS This study used an expanded diagnostic armamentarium to define the broad spectrum of pathogens that cause pneumonia in hospitalized children. The data confirm the importance of S pneumoniae and the frequent occurrence of bacterial and viral coinfections in children with pneumonia. These findings will facilitate age-appropriate antibiotic selection and future evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as well as other candidate vaccines.
Appropriability Mechanisms and the Platform Partnership Decision: Evidence from Enterprise Software

We examine whether ownership of intellectual property rights IPR or downstream capabilities is effective in encouraging entry into markets complementary to a proprietary platform by preventing the platform owner from expropriating rents from start-ups. We study this question in the context of the software industry, an environment where evidence of the efficacy of IPR as a mechanism to appropriate the returns from innovation has been mixed. Entry, in our context, is measured by an independent software vendor's ISV's decision to become certified by a platform owner and produce applications compatible with the platform. We find that ISVs with a greater stock of formal IPR such as patents and copyrights, and those with stronger downstream capabilities as measured by trademarks and consulting services are more likely to join the platform, suggesting that these mechanisms are effective in protecting ISVs from the threat of expropriation. We also find that the effects of IPR on the likelihood of partnership are greater when an ISV has weak downstream capabilities or when the threat of imitation is greater, such as when the markets served by the ISV are growing quickly. This paper was accepted by Gerard P. Cachon, information systems.
Decellularized porcine aortic intima-media as a potential cardiovascular biomaterial.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this research is to investigate the histological and mechanical properties of decellularized aortic intima-media, a promising cardiovascular biomaterial. METHODS Porcine aortic intima-media was decellularized using two methods: high hydrostatic pressurization (HHP) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The histological properties were characterized using haematoxylin and eosin staining and Elastica van Gieson staining. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a tensile strength test. RESULTS The structure of the HHP-treated samples was unchanged histologically, whereas that of the SDS-treated samples appeared structurally loose. Consequently, with regard to the mechanical properties of SDS-decellularized intima-media, elastic modulus and tensile strength were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS The decellularization method affected the structure and the mechanical properties of the biomaterial. The HHP-treated sample was structurally and mechanically similar to the untreated control. Its mechanical properties were similar to those of human heart valves and the iliac artery and vein. Our results imply that porcine aortic intima-media that is decellularized with HHP is a potential cardiovascular biomaterial.
Controversies in the Treatment of Ingrown Nails

Ingrown toenails are one of the most frequent nail disorders of young persons. They may negatively influence daily activities, cause discomfort and pain. Since more than 1000 years, many different treatments have been proposed. Today, conservative and surgical methods are available, which, when carried out with expertise, are able to cure the disease. Packing, taping, gutter treatment, and nail braces are options for relatively mild cases whereas surgery is exclusively done by physicians. Phenolisation of the lateral matrix horn is now the safest, simplest, and most commonly performed method with the lowest recurrence rate. Wedge excisions can no longer be recommended
Methotrexate osteopathy in rheumatic disease.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether two adults with stress fractures receiving low weekly doses of methotrexate had methotrexate osteopathy. CASE REPORTS--Two adult patients developed features consistent with methotrexate osteopathy while receiving low weekly doses of methotrexate. METHODS--Iliac crest biopsy samples were taken and bone histomorphometry carried out. RESULTS--Symptoms resolved when the methotrexate was discontinued. Bone histology showed changes consistent with osteoblast inhibition by methotrexate. CONCLUSIONS--When given in low doses for prolonged periods, methotrexate may have adverse effects on bone, particularly in post-menopausal women.
Clinico-histopathological analysis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the ovary: a 3-year prospective study in dhule, north maharashtra, India.

BACKGROUND Ovary is the commonest site of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion, can present in childhood to postmenopausal age group and accounts for the most prevalent cause of hospital admissions. AIM This study was done to analyse the frequency of ovarian lesions their clinico-histological features in a rural set up. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective study of 145 ovarian lesions at tertiary care hospital over a period of 3yr. All the relevant clinical data of patients analysed from hospital record file. RESULTS The total number of ovarian lesions studied during study period was 145 cases, amongst them 75 were non-neoplastic and remaining 70 were neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesion seen was solitary follicular cysts i.e. 56 cases (74.66%), followed by corpus luteal cysts 15 cases (20%). Among the 70 neoplastic ovarian lesions 55(78.57%) cases were benign, 1(1.42%) case was at borderline and 14 (20%) cases were malignant. In benign ovarian neoplasm, most commonly seen lesion were serous cystadenoma followed by benign cystic teratoma. In malignant cases, maximum were of serous cystadenocarcinoma, followed by mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and metastatic tumours. CONCLUSION Ovarian lesion possess wide gamut of histology. Specific diagnoses are made on routine gross and histological examination or in certain difficult cases require immunohistochemistry.
Deep Edge-Aware Filters

There are many edge-aware filters varying in their construction forms and filtering properties. It seems impossible to uniformly represent and accelerate them in a single framework. We made the attempt to learn a big and important family of edge-aware operators from data. Our method is based on a deep convolutional neural network with a gradient domain training procedure, which gives rise to a powerful tool to approximate various filters without knowing the original models and implementation details. The only difference among these operators in our system becomes merely the learned parameters. Our system enables fast approximation for complex edge-aware filters and achieves up to 200x acceleration, regardless of their originally very different implementation. Fast speed can also be achieved when creating new effects using spatially varying filter or filter combination, bearing out the effectiveness of our deep edge-aware filters.
Novelty responses to relational and non‐relational information in the hippocampus and the parahippocampal region: A comparison based on event‐related fMRI

We conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments that examined novelty responses in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) to determine whether the hippocampus makes contributions to memory processing that differ from those of structures in the adjacent parahippocampal region. In light of proposals that such differential contributions may pertain to relational processing demands, we assessed event‐related fMRI responses in the MTL for novel single objects and for novel spatial and non‐spatial object relationships; subjects were asked to detect these different types of novelties among previously studied items, and they successfully performed this task during scanning. A double dissociation that emerged from the response pattern of regions in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex provided the strongest support for functional specialization in the MTL. A region in the right middle hippocampus responded to the novelty of spatial and non‐spatial relationships but not to the novelty of individual objects. By contrast, a region in right perirhinal cortex, situated in the anterior collateral sulcus, responded to the novelty of individual objects but not to that of either type of relationship. Other MTL regions that responded to novelty in the present study showed no reliable difference in their response to the various novelty types; these regions included anterior parts of the hippocampus and posterior aspects of parahippocampal cortex. Together, our findings indicate that relational processing demands are a critical determinant of functional specialization in the human MTL. They also suggest, however, that a neuroanatomical framework that only distinguishes between the hippocampus and the parahippocampal region is not sufficiently refined to account for all functional differences and similarities observed with respect to relational processes in the human MTL. ©2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Graph‐Theory Framework for Evaluating Landscape Connectivity and Conservation Planning

Abstract: Connectivity of habitat patches is thought to be important for movement of genes, individuals, populations, and species over multiple temporal and spatial scales. We used graph theory to characterize multiple aspects of landscape connectivity in a habitat network in the North Carolina Piedmont (U.S.A). We compared this landscape with simulated networks with known topology, resistance to disturbance, and rate of movement. We introduced graph measures such as compartmentalization and clustering, which can be used to identify locations on the landscape that may be especially resilient to human development or areas that may be most suitable for conservation. Our analyses indicated that for songbirds the Piedmont habitat network was well connected. Furthermore, the habitat network had commonalities with planar networks, which exhibit slow movement, and scale‐free networks, which are resistant to random disturbances. These results suggest that connectivity in the habitat network was high enough to prevent the negative consequences of isolation but not so high as to allow rapid spread of disease. Our graph‐theory framework provided insight into regional and emergent global network properties in an intuitive and visual way and allowed us to make inferences about rates and paths of species movements and vulnerability to disturbance. This approach can be applied easily to assessing habitat connectivity in any fragmented or patchy landscape.