Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eliminating the impact of mood on judgments of fairness and re-affirming equity theory

(ABSTRACT) Equity theory has long been used to predict individuals' responses to equity and inequity. Tests of these predictions have been inconsistent, particularly for inequitable conditions of low inputs and high outcomes, or overreward. Based on empirical evidence pointing to the powerful effects of moods on cognitive tasks, this study incorporates mood into equity theory's propositions, with the expectation that considering mood will enhance equity theory's predictive power. Specifically, as Wyer and Carlston's (1979) " feelings-as-information " hypothesis suggests, subjects who receive favorable outcomes may use their positive outcome-based mood in judging the fairness of the situation. Cognitive research suggests that positive mood reduces the accuracy of judgments, which would explain the inconsistencies in equity perceptions. However, Schwarz and Clore (1983) discovered that the effect of mood on judgments may be eliminated if the mood can be attributed to a logical external source. Two studies were conducted using similar procedures with different overrewards and external sources. In both studies, overrewarded subjects rated the fairness of being overrewarded and the fairness of the procedures used to allocate the reward. These ratings were analyzed to assess the effects that subjects' inputs, outcomes, and procedures had on their perceptions of fairness. Two groups were given the opportunity to attribute their moods to a source other than the reward. It was hypothesized that mood effects on fairness judgments would be eliminated when subjects were able to attribute their mood to its correct source (i.e., undeserved reward) or to an incorrect but logical source (i.e., music or cheerful surroundings). Specifically, the elimination of the effect of positive mood should serve to increase accuracy in judgments of fairness. The hypothesis that subjects who were treated with fair procedures would view their outcome as more distributively fair was supported in both studies. In Study 1, the hypotheses regarding changes in judgment accuracy as a function of external attribution of positive mood were not supported. The results of Study 2, which used a different overreward and transient source, revealed that external attribution of positive mood had a significant effect on subjects' fairness ratings. The pervasive influence of mood on cognitive activity is a phenomenon that has stimulated a great deal of research interest and investigation. Numerous researchers have explored the impact that affective states have on cognitive processing, judgment, decision-making, and subsequent behavior (e. Adams' equity theory is one of the most well-developed and most frequently researched theories …
Factors influencing local residents’ intentions to conserve the built heritage in Tanzania

ABSTRACT This study used the dominant cognitive-based theory of planned behaviour (TPB) complemented by the affection-based attachment theory (AT) to investigate factors influencing local residents’ conservation intentions. Thus, in addition to TPB’s variables, such as attitudes towards conservation, perceived social pressure and perceived control over conservation, the study considered the effects of heritage affection on conservation intentions. Cross-sectional questionnaire-based data gathered from the three historic towns of Zanzibar Stone Town, Kilwa Kivinje and Pangani in Tanzania were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The TPB’s variables and heritage affection all showed a positive and significant correlation with conservation intention. The empirical data therefore supported using the TPB, complemented by the AT, to explain engagement in conservation in the built heritage setting. The study concludes that conservation intention is best viewed as a mixture of cognitive and affective factors. Theoretical and managerial implications as well as suggestions for future studies are provided.
Hemoglobin Gun Hill: an unstable protein associated with chronic hemolysis.

A new unstable hemoglobin variant, hemoglobin Gun Hill, is reported. Two members of a Caucasian family were found to be heterozygous for the abnormal hemoglobin. Evidence of mild chronic hemolysis was found in both individuals. Heinz-Ehrlich bodies were absent from the peripheral blood of the patients with hemoglobin Gun Hill, but Heinz-like inclusions were readily produced in their red cells upon in vitro incubation with the redox dyes brilliant cresyl blue or new methylene blue. Precipitation of hemoglobin occurred when solutions of hemoglobin Gun Hill were exposed to the dyes or were heated to 50 C. Previous studies have shown that there is a deletion of five amino acids in the β chains of hemoglobin Gun Hill. This results in impaired heme binding, and the abnormal molecule lacks half the expected number of heme groups. These structural alterations are probably responsible for the instability of the abnormal hemoglobin. Studies of the relative rates of synthesis of hemoglobins A and Gun Hill, using in vitro and in vivo technics, indicated an increased turnover rate for the variant protein. The evidence also suggested that hemoglobin Gun Hill is synthesized more rapidly than hemoglobin A.
Computer Science and Information Systems Reports Working Papers Wp-40 Computer Science and Information Systems Reports Working Papers Wp-40

Kollanus, Sami and Koskinen Jussi Survey of software inspection research: 1991-2005 Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2007, xx p. (Computer Science and Information Systems Reports: Working Papers ISBN 978-951-39-2776-9) ISSN 0359-8489 Software inspections were introduced already about 30 years ago. There is a need to review the made progress and to consider the potential of the field. This paper presents a survey of the research conducted during the latter 15 years, i.e. 1991-2005. The survey systematically covers all main journals in which software inspection studies have been published during that time period. The main conclusion is that more empirical studies in industrial settings are needed in order to increase the general applicability and attractiveness of the developed inspection methods and to understand the actual effects of applying them in organizational settings.
The Origins of the Second World War

Forgotten problem the legacy of the First World War the post-war decade the end of Versailles the Abyssinian affair and the end of Locarno the half-armed peace, 1936-38 Anschluss - the end of Austria the crisis over Czechoslovakia peace for six months the war of nerves war for Danzig.
Creativity In Education And Learning A Guide For Teachers And Educators

Thank you very much for downloading creativity in education and learning a guide for teachers and educators. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this creativity in education and learning a guide for teachers and educators, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.
On the Integration of Self-tracking Data amongst Quantified Self Members

This paper presents and reflects on how Grounded Theory Methods (GTM) have enabled the construction of a conceptual framework for social story interventions, with the aim of informing the design of an authoring tool to support practitioners in developing social stories. Social stories are broadly used to enhance social interaction in children with Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASC). The paper focuses on methodological issues rather than the outcomes. Five lessons have been drawn out with the intention of providing a guide for those who intend to apply GTM in order to inform the design of computer-based educational tools for ASC.
The Effect of Changing Topological Constraints on Poleward Ocean Heat Transport Induced by Plate Tectonics over the Last 600 Million Years

The changing configurations of continents due to plate tectonics is thought to be responsible for some of the variation in climate over the last 600 Ma. Different topological constraints on the oceans may affect their ability to transport heat poleward and change the equilibrium pole-equator temperature of Earth. An ocean model was run for three simple continental geometries to determine the effect of land distribution on the heat transport capacity and pole-equator temperature gradient of the ocean. The first configuration, a circle of land centered over the south pole, m'eant to resemble Earth at 600 Ma, produces a haline mode of convection in which water sinks in the subtropics. The ocean in this mode has a high pole-equator temperature gradient and low levels of heat transport. The second configuration, a strip of land extending between the north and south poles, resembles the land of the Permian 250 Ma. This configuration with the same atmospheric forcing produces a thermal mode of circulation, similar to the modern North Atlantic, in which surface water sinks at the poles. The ocean in this mode has a lower pole-equator temperature gradient and higher levels of poleward ocean heat transport. A third configuration, similar to the second but with an equatorial ocean passageway, resembles the mid-Cretaceous. This configuration also produces a thermal mode and has slightly higher levels of heat transport than the second model. This research suggests that continental geometry could have played an important role in determining the pole-equator temperature gradient and the levels of ocean heat transport in the past. Thesis Supervisor: John Marshall Title: Professor I~-L-~IIIIXI. ~-I. ~ -. I ~-~---~-^---~_~~-
Lock-Out Valve to Decrease Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Patients with long-term indwelling urinary catheters are at an increased risk for urinary tract infection due to bacteriuria. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in long-term care facilities as well as in ambulatory patients requiring long-term catheterization. There is increased interest in the financial impact of CAUTI as Medicare no longer provides reimbursement for nosocomial CAUTIs. Ascending bacteria may in part enter the closed drainage system when the patient switches between leg and night collection bags. In an attempt to reduce this ascent, a double valve lock-out system was devised that maintains a closed system during bag exchange. The concept is introduced and CAUTIs are reviewed.
The Shock-Absorbing Capacity of the Flexible Exchange Rate in Poland

In recent years, numerous studies have analyzed the sources of exchange rate fluctuations in the context of the shock-absorbing capacity of flexible exchange rates. This paper analyzes, within a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) framework, the role of the flexible exchange rate in Poland over the past decade. Our contribution to the existing literature is twofold: First, we expand the prevailing SVAR models to include a financial market shock, defined as a stochastic change in a country’s risk premium. This appears to be highly relevant in the face of the ongoing global financial crisis. Second, we analyze to what extent the crisis has affected the stabilizing capacity of the z? oty/euro exchange rate. We find that the exchange rate has been a shock-absorbing rather than a shock-propagating instrument. We also demonstrate that – in line with our expectations – the contribution of financial market disturbances to exchange rate volatility has increased during the current global crisis.
Integrating OLAP and recommender systems: an evaluation perspective

The integration of OLAP with web-search technologies is a promising research topic. Recommender systems are popular web-search mechanisms, because they can address information overload and provide personalization of results. Nevertheless, the evaluation of recommender systems is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for evaluating recommender systems, which is multidimensional and takes into account for the multiple facets of the recommendation algorithms, data sets and performance measures. Emphasis is placed on supporting business applications of recommender systems, notably e-commerce, by allowing analysts to perform ad-hoc analysis and use popular online analytical processing (OLAP) operations. Combined with support for visual analysis, action such as drill-down or slice/dice allow assessment of the performance of recommendations in terms of business objectives. We describe a detailed methodology for designing and developing the proposed multidimensional framework, and provide insights about its applications. Our experimental results, using a research prototype, demonstrate the ability of the proposed framework to comprise an effective way for evaluating recommender systems.
Dynamics of soluble gas exchange in the airways. III. Single-exhalation breathing maneuver.

The exchange characteristics of a highly soluble gas with the pulmonary airways during a single-exhalation maneuver were analyzed using a mathematical model previously described by our group (M. E. Tsu et al. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 16: 547-571, 1988). The model integrates the simultaneous exchange of water, heat, and a soluble gas with the pulmonary airways. The purpose of this paper is to provide experimental data for model validation. Exhaled ethyl alcohol concentration profiles of human subjects were measured with an Intoxilyzer 5000 and were plotted against exhaled volume measured with a wedge spirometer. Each subject performed a series of breathing maneuvers in which exhalation flow rate was the only variable. Phase III has a positive slope (0.047 +/- 0.0089 mol alcohol in air.mol alcohol in alveolus-1.l-1) that is statistically independent (P > 0.05) of flow rate. Reducing the molecular diffusion coefficient of alcohol in the nonperfused tissue layer improves the fit of the model to the experimental data. The optimal diffusion coefficient of alcohol for all subjects was 12 +/- 5.3 (SD) x 10(-7) cm2/s, which is 8% of the diffusion coefficient of alcohol in water (1.6 x 10(-5) cm2/s). We concluded that the experimental data showing a positive slope of the exhaled alcohol profile are consistent with a reduced diffusivity of alcohol in the respiratory mucosa. The reduced diffusion coefficient enhances reabsorption of alcohol by the airways on exhalation and creates a positive phase III slope.
Longitudinal, Diet-induced Weight Gain is Associated with Increased Blood Monocytes and Reduced TLR4 Expression

Excessive weight gain increases systemic inflammation resulting in increased disease risk. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) reportedly mediates increases in inflammation; however, its role in obesity-induced inflammation has not been fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal effect of diet-induced weight gain on blood monocyte concentration and cell-surface TLR4 expression. Male CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to high-fat (HF, n = 12) or low-fat (LF, n = 13) groups. Non-lethal, saphenous vein blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Three-color flow cytometry was used to measure monocyte (CD11b+/CD14+) concentration and TLR4 cell-surface expression. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA; significance was set at P<0.05. Body weight at week 12 was 21% greater in HF than LF (P<0.05). At week 12 HF had 155% more monocytes (P<0.05) with 24% less TLR4 than LF; Monocyte concentration and body weight at week 12 was negatively correlated with TLR4 gMFI (P<0.05). The observed effects of high-fat feeding on blood monocytes are consistent with a phenotype, which may be associated with premature morbidity. The observed monocyte responses may be associated with immune dysfunction and diminished response to infection.
CHRM2 gene predisposes to alcohol dependence, drug dependence and affective disorders: results from an extended case-control structured association study.

Cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor (CHRM2) is implicated in memory and cognition, functions impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Wang et al. [Wang, J.C. , Hinrichs, A.L. , Stock, H. , Budde, J., Allen, R. , Bertelsen, S. , Kwon, J.M. , Wu, W. , Dick, D.M. , Rice, J. et al. (2004) Evidence of common and specific genetic effects: association of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene with alcohol dependence and major depressive syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet. , 13, 1903-1911] reported that variation in CHRM2 gene predisposed to alcohol dependence (AD) and major depressive syndrome. We examined the relationships between variation in CHRM2 and AD, drug dependence (DD) and affective disorders, using a novel extended case-control structured association (SA) method. Six markers at CHRM2 and 38 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) were genotyped in a sample of 871 subjects, including 333 healthy controls [287 European-Americans (EAs) and 46 African-Americans (AAs)] and 538 AD and/or DD subjects (415 with AD and 346 with DD and 382 EAs and 156 AAs). The same CHRM2 markers were genotyped in a sample of 137 EA subjects with affective disorders. All of the six markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls, but SNP3 (rs1824024) was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in the AD and DD groups. Using conventional case-control comparisons, some markers were nominally significantly or suggestively associated with phenotypes before or after controlling for population stratification and admixture effects, but these associations were not significant after multiple test correction. However, regression analysis identified specific alleles, genotypes, haplotypes and diplotypes that were significantly associated with risk for each disorder. We conclude that variation in CHRM2 predisposes to AD, DD and affective disorders. One haplotype block within the 5'-UTR of CHRM2 may be more important for the development of these disorders than other regions. Interaction between two specific alleles within this block and interaction between two specific diplotypes covering this block multiplicatively increased risk for AD and DD. Although interaction between these two diplotypes also increased risk for affective disorders, the magnitude of the increased risk was less than the sum of the individual risks. In addition, a specific diplotype might inversely affect risk for AD and DD and risk for affective disorders.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org Is the Deficit in Pain Inhibition in Fibromyalgia Influenced by Sleep Impairments?

It has been proposed that a deficit in inhibitory conditioned pain modulation (ICPM) underlies the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM), but there is high variability in ICPM efficacy in this syndrome that remains poorly understood. Based on emerging data showing that age, anxiety, depression and sleep can modulate ICPM efficacy, the main objective of this study was to determine the clinical correlates of experimentally-induced pain perception in FM. Fifty FM patients and 39 healthy controls (HC) were tested. Anxiety, depression, sleep and FM symptoms were measured with questionnaires or interview-type scales. Experimental pain testing consisted of two tonic heat pain stimulations separated by a 2-minute cold pressor test (CPT). Thermal pain thresholds and tolerance were higher in HC compared to FM patients. Pain ratings during the CPT were lower in HC relative to FM patients. ICPM efficacy was stronger in HC compared to FM patients. Finally, sleep quality was the only factor significantly related to ICPM efficacy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report this association in FM. Future studies will need to replicate this finding, to determine whether impaired sleep is primary or secondary to deficient pain inhibition, and to characterize the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association.
The Self-Similarity of Shear-dominated Viscous Stirring

We examine the growth of eccentricities of a population of particles with nearly circular orbits around a central massive body. Successive encounters between pairs of particles increase the eccentricities in the disk on average. We describe the system in terms of a Boltzmann equation. As long as the epicyclic motions of the particles are small compared to the shearing motion between circular Keplerian orbits, there is no preferred scale for the eccentricities, and the evolution is self-similar. This simplification reduces the full time-dependent Boltzmann equation to two separate equations: one that describes the shape of the distribution and another that describes the evolution of the characteristic eccentricity on which the distribution is centered. We find that the shape of the eccentricity distribution function is a general feature of such systems, and is of the form (1 + x2)-3/2. In particular, bodies evolving under only their own excitations have the same eccentricity distribution profile as bodies whose excitations are balanced by dynamical friction. We find exact expression for the typical eccentricity for these two cases, and allow for time-dependent damping and excitation rates. Full numerical N-body simulations of a disk with 200 planetesimals verify our analytical self-similar distribution.
Incremental Learning with SVM for Multimodal Classification of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Robust detection of prostatic cancer is a challenge due to the multitude of variants and their representation in MR images. We propose a pattern recognition system with an incremental learning ensemble algorithm using support vector machines (SVM) tackling this problem employing multimodal MR images and a texture-based information strategy. The proposed system integrates anatomic, texture, and functional features. The data set was preprocessed using B-Spline interpolation, bias field correction and intensity standardization. First- and second-order angular independent statistical approaches and rotation invariant local phase quantization (RI-LPQ) were utilized to quantify texture information. An incremental learning ensemble SVM was implemented to suit working conditions in medical applications and to improve effectiveness and robustness of the system. The probability estimation of cancer structures was calculated using SVM and the corresponding optimization was carried out with a heuristic method together with a 3-fold cross-validation methodology. We achieved an average sensitivity of 0.844±0.068 and a specificity of 0.780±0.038, which yielded superior or similar performance to current state of the art using a total database of only 41 slices from twelve patients with histological confirmed information, including cancerous, unhealthy non-cancerous and healthy prostate tissue. Our results show the feasibility of an ensemble SVM being able to learn additional information from new data while preserving previously acquired knowledge and preventing unlearning. The use of texture descriptors provides more salient discriminative patterns than the functional information used. Furthermore, the system improves selection of information, efficiency and robustness of the classification. The generated probability map enables radiologists to have a lower variability in diagnosis, decrease false negative rates and reduce the time to recognize and delineate structures in the prostate.