Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of para-aortic lymphadenectomy up to the level of the renal vessels in apparent early-stage ovarian cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of para-aortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vessels on the accurate staging in ovarian cancer patients presumed preoperatively to be confined to the ovary. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data on 124 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer who were preoperatively thought to have tumor confined to the ovary and underwent primary staging surgery. The distribution of lymph node metastasis and various risk factors for nodal involvement were investigated. Results Surgical staging yielded: 87 (70.2%) patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I disease and 37 (29.8%) patients had stage II-III disease: 4 IIA, 6 IIB, 9 IIC, 1 IIIA, and 17 IIIC. Eighty-six patients had pelvic lymphadenectomy only and 69 had pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Lymph node metastases were found in 17 (24.6%) of 69 patients; 5 (7.2%) patients had lymph node metastasis in the pelvic lymph nodes only, 8 (11.6%) in the para-aortic lymph nodes only, and 4 (5.8%) in both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes. Six (8.7%) patients had lymph node metastasis in the para-aortic lymph node above the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. On multivariate analysis, grade 3 tumor (p=0.01) and positive cytology (p=0.03) were independent predictors for lymph node metastasis. Conclusion A substantial number of patients with apparently early ovarian cancer had upstaged disease. Of patients who underwent lymphadenectomy, some patients had lymph node metastasis above the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vessels may detect occult metastasis and be of help in tailoring appropriate adjuvant treatment as well as giving useful information about the prognosis.
The dialectics of progress: Irish 'belatedness' and the politics of prosperity

It has been said that prior to the emergence of the ‘Celtic Tiger’, Ireland’s deficient modernisation occasioned anxious ruminations among historians and sociologists on the ways it which it had remained an uncanny site of the ‘pre-modern’, despite its location astride the highway of Euro-American modernity. And yet in the eyes of others, this uncanny backwardness was trans-valued and recreated as the island’s greatest resource – as a kind of sublime ‘alternative to the world’, a place outside the mainstream of development (Cleary, 2005). With particular reference to the Irish case, this text reflects on the ‘dialectics of development’; the mutations of the recent boom and recession years; and the implications for any project of ‘sustainable consumption’. Drawing on my ‘alternative hedonist’ position, it will argue for the need to counter ‘modernisation’ construed as commitment to the growth model of prosperity with its economic and social adaptation to the constraints of the global capitalist market. Thus far, it will aspire to an ‘alternative to the world’ associated with traditional romantic antipathy to the modern, and present this as an essential condition of a just and sustainable future. But in doing so, it will also denounce the puritanical and socially conservative aspects of traditional cultures of resistance to modernity, and argue for the importance of associating avantgarde social policy with a post-consumerist politics of prosperity. It will conclude by asking whether Ireland might now be in a position to move in such a direction, and thus show the way to an unprecedented form of supercession of the earlier old-new divide. Modernisation has always hitherto been associated with economic expansion and industrial development. Economic growth and the extension of the market have also proved the predisposing vehicles of enlightened social and sexual policies, secularisation, and progressive cultural movements. What counts as modern is progressive, and economic growth has been its condition.
Social Divisions, Political Sophistication, and Political Equality in Comparative Perspective

Although there are various conceptualizations of political sophistication and political knowledge extant in the literature, almost all of the indicators of these concepts show clear correlations with education. Further, education usually correlates with social stratification. Thus, the political presentation of the socially and/or economically disadvantaged may be hampered to the degree that political knowledge and political sophistication distorts political choices and attitudes. On the other hand, the political heuristics literature has often stressed the role of the political environment for making heuristics useful or available at all. For this reason, the same gradient in political knowledge and political sophistication in a democracy’s population need not always lead to the same discrepancy in the quality of political representation of different social classes. This paper explores the connection between social inequality, political sophistication and knowledge, and political attitudes in a comparative perspective. It those aspects of social and political systems that facilitate the use of political cues — how party organizations, the structure of party competition, the the degree of organization of the population by trades unions, and the structure of the educational system can help alleviating the averse effects of knowledge deficiencies of certain parts of the population and thus promote political equality. The empirical analyses of the paper show that the system of government and individual trade union membership impinge on the level and the evenness of the distribution of practical aspects of political sophistication, namely of naming political issues, locating parties political positions, and knowing more or less basic political facts.
The Positive Consequences of Pain

Pain is mostly thought of as a problem—as debilitating or harmful. Despite its unpleasantness, however, under some conditions pain can be associated with positive consequences. In this review, we explore these positive biological, psychological, and social consequences of pain. We highlight three different domains in which pain may be considered to have positive consequences. First, pain facilitates pleasure by providing an important contrast for pleasurable experiences, increasing sensitivity to sensory input, and facilitating self-rewarding behavior. Second, pain augments self-regulation and enhancement by increasing cognitive control, reducing rumination, and demonstrating virtue. Third, pain promotes affiliation by arousing empathy from others, motivating social connection, and enhancing group formation. Drawing on evidence scattered across a range of academic fields, we provide for reflection on how pain is represented, generate insights into pain-seeking behavior, and draw attention to the role of painful experiences in maximizing positive outcomes.
Optimal inventory policy with limited storage capacity and uncertain demand

High inventory level can certainly increase the meeting of customer demands, but it also leads that the cost is not the lowest one. This means that meeting customer demands and having the lowest cost may not always be consistent. Specially, if storage capacity is limited, the relationship between the two will become more complex to collaborate, and there will be more problems to solve, such as whether to rent warehouses, what size of the rented warehouses (RW) if necessary, and what is the right inventory level, et.c. To solve these problems and get the tradeoff between meeting customer demands and having the lowest cost, the concept of inventory flexibility is introduced into the paper, and an inventory model with uncertain demand is developed and solved through Kuhn-Tucker condition, which is of operation research, and the relationship between marginal cost and average total cost, which is of principles of economics, and then decision makers could get the optimal inventory policy related with the right inventory level and the size of storage space. An example is also introduced for illustration.
Effect and possible mechanism of muscle-splitting approach on multifidus muscle injury and atrophy after posterior lumbar spine surgery.

BACKGROUND Multifidus muscle injury and atrophy are common after posterior lumbar spine surgery and are associated with low back pain and functional disability. In theory, muscle-splitting and retraction with a self-retaining retractor are considered to be the major surgical factors. The effects and mechanisms of retraction have been well studied, but the exact effect and possible mechanism of injury and atrophy after muscle-splitting still lack experimental evidence. METHODS New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups. In group S, through a skin and lumbodorsal fascial incision, the bilateral multifidus muscles were dissected from the osseous structures in the standard fashion, while in group C, only a skin and lumbodorsal fascial incision was made. In each group, the multifidus muscle was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by histological analysis at three and forty-eight hours and at one, three, six, twelve, and twenty-four weeks after surgery. RESULTS In group C, there was no injury or atrophy of the multifidus muscle after surgery. In group S, the mean T2-weighted signal intensity ratios of gross multifidus to psoas on fat-suppressed T2-weighted cross-sectional MRI scans peaked on week 3 and returned to baseline on week 24. Necrosis and inflammation of the multifidus muscle were evident and became more severe at one week. Fibrotic change was mainly seen at three and six weeks after surgery, and fatty degeneration mainly occurred at twelve and twenty-four weeks. Decreased acetylcholine activity and granular degeneration of the neuromuscular junction were observed at all follow-up times, and the numbers of degenerating neuromuscular junctions increased significantly with time after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The splitting approach is an important cause of multifidus muscle injury and atrophy in posterior lumbar spine surgery. Denervation and disuse may be important factors in multifidus muscle atrophy in the splitting approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides a basis for the prevention of multifidus muscle injury and atrophy after posterior lumbar surgery.
Angular Momentum Distribution of Hot Gas and Implications for Disk Galaxy Formation

We study the angular momentum profiles both for dark matter and for gas within virialized halos using a statistical sample of halos drawn from cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. Three simulations have been analyzed: one is the nonradiative simulation and the other two have radiative cooling. We find that the gas component, on average, has a larger spin and contains a smaller fraction of mass with negative angular momentum than its dark matter counterpart in the nonradiative model. As to the cooling models, the gas component shares approximately the same spin parameter as its dark matter counterpart, but the hot gas has a higher spin and is more aligned in angular momentum than dark matter, while the opposite holds for the cold gas. After the mass of negative angular momentum is excluded, the angular momentum profile of the hot gas component approximately follows the universal function originally proposed by Bullock et al. for dark matter, though the shape parameter μ is much larger for hot gas and is comfortably in the range required by observations of disk galaxies. Since disk formation is related to the distribution of hot gas that will cool, our study may explain the fact that the disk component of observed galaxies contains a smaller fraction of low angular momentum material than dark matter in halos.
Effect of graded leg cycling on postischaemic forearm blood flow in healthy subjects

This study assessed in healthy subjects, the effect of leg cycling on the forearm vascular responses to ischaemia to confirm previous results showing that exercise‐induced sympathetic activation during leg cycling reduced postischaemic forearm hyperaemia. Seven young healthy subjects performed two bouts of cycling exercises at 50% and 80% of their maximal aerobic capacity (Ex50, Ex80 respectively) during which forearm arterial blood flow was successively occluded for 40, 90 and 180 s. Control forearm blood flow (FBF) and postischaemic forearm blood flow (pi‐FBF) measured at the release of arterial occlusions were assessed using plethysmography. Digital arterial pressure was continuously monitored allowing calculation of control and postischaemic forearm conductance (FC and pi‐FC respectively). At rest, pi‐FBF increased with the duration of ischaemia (5 ± 1, 19 ± 3, 29 ± 3, 31 ± 4 ml min−1 100 ml−1 after 0, 40, 90 and 180 s of ischaemia respectively). During Ex50, FBF and pi‐FBF did not change significantly although pi‐FC was significantly reduced (Δpi‐FC = −39%, −33%, −27% for 40, 90, 180 s of ischaemia respectively). During Ex80, there was a further dramatic decrease in pi‐FC (−53%, −66%, −62% from rest) and pi‐FBF were largely blunted (13 ± 4 versus 19 ± 3, 14 ± 4 versus 29 ± 3, 17 ± 5 versus 31 ± 4 ml min−1 100 ml−1). These results demonstrated that forearm responses to ischaemia depended on leg activities. It was suggested that exercise‐induced sympathetic activation may have interfered on local vasodilatation because of ischaemia.
Identification of Biomechanical Properties of the Cornea: The Ocular Response Analyzer

Purpose: Several methods have been devised for measuring geometric parameters of the cornea but, until now, the biomechanics of the cornea have been largely ignored. The relatively new Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) provides such biomechanical information. In order to correctly interpret the underlying biomechanics of ORA data, we review reported ORA measurements and provide a compendium of factors influencing these measurements, with discussion of possible explanations for ORA measurement results. Methods: This review comprised a literature search using “ocular response analyzer” and “ocular response analyser” as keywords. We reviewed and compared reported results from recent ORA studies so obtained, with an eye to understanding corneal biomechanics. Results: Several ORA biomechanical parameters of the cornea – corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistant factor (CRF) – characterize the viscoelastic properties of the cornea, especially those of the ground substance. The impact on CH and CRF values of various independent factors, e.g. intraocular pressure (IOP), age, central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal swelling, are discussed. The impact on CH and CRF of treatment-related structural changes of the cornea, i.e. those occurring after refractive surgical procedures, placement of intracorneal rings, and collagen crosslinking (CXL), as well as pathological changes of the cornea, e.g. those resulting from keratoconus, edema, and glaucoma, are discussed. Conclusions: Changes in CRF and CH may be reflective of structural changes in the ground substance of the cornea. Thus, ORA provides invaluable information for delineating biomechanical conditions pertaining to the cornea, with special regard to ocular diseases, e.g. keratoconus and glaucoma.
Changes in aerobic fitness in Swedish children and adolescents

Background: Steadily declining physical activity, especially among children, and the possible adverse health outcomes such behavior could precede, is a general concern. We evaluated whether a presumed decrease in physical activity has been accompanied with a decrease in aerobic fitness of Swedish children. Methods: A maximum cycle ergometer test was performed in 935 children age 9 and 15 y, and the results were compared with previously reported data. Results: Estimated peak oxygen uptake (mL × min-1 × kg-1) in 9-y-old subjects was 37.3 in girls and 42.8 in boys; and in 15-y-olds, 40.4 in girls and 51.5 in boys. In the 9-y-olds, aerobic fitness remained lower in the current study compared to earlier data, but in the 15-y-olds the result did not differ from the 1952 data after adjustment for methodological differences. Conclusion: Our results suggest a change towards decreased aerobic fitness in 9-y-old, but not in 15-y-old, Swedish children during a 50-y time span.
Youth recreation centre participation and criminal offending: A 20-year longitudinal study of Swedish boys

This study assessed whether participation in Swedish youth recreation centres (Fritidsgardar) is related to long-term criminality assessed from late childhood to mid adulthood. A prospective, longitudinal investigation of a representative cohort of 498 boys from a medium-sized Swedish community was employed. A pattern-analysis identi” ed ” ve configurations of boys who showed different profiles of social and academic competence at the age of 10. The configurations were compared with respect to juvenile and adult criminality for boys who did, and who did not, make the decision to participate in a youth recreation centre at age 13. Results showed that participation in youth centres was nonrandom. Boys with a multiple problem profile of both social and academic problems in school at age 10 showed more frequent participation in recreation centres at age 13. The frequency of criminal offending increased for all configurations of boys who became involved in a recreation centre. Frequent participation in youth centres was linked to high rates of juvenile offending and persistent offending (i.e., registered for one or several offences both as a juvenile and as an adult). These ” ndings held after controlling for individual, family, and economic factors prior to involvement in the youth centre. The limitations of the ” ndings and their implications for social policy are discussed.
Overexpression of MiR‐335‐5p Promotes Bone Formation and Regeneration in Mice

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the Wnt signaling pathway play critical roles in regulating bone development and homeostasis. Our previous study revealed high expression of miR‐335‐5p in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes in mouse embryos and the ability of miR‐335‐5p to promote osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Wnt antagonist Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of miR‐335‐5p constitutive overexpression on bone formation and regeneration in vivo. To that end, we generated a transgenic mouse line specifically overexpressing miR‐335‐5p in osteoblasts lineage by the osterix promoter and characterized its bone phenotype. Bone histomorphometry and μCT analysis revealed higher bone mass and increased parameters of bone formation in transgenic mice than in wild‐type littermates. Increased bone mass in transgenic mice bones also correlated with enhanced expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. Upon osteogenic induction, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from transgenic mice displayed higher mRNA expression of osteogenic markers than wild‐type mice BMSCs cultures. Protein expression of Runx2 and Osx was also upregulated in BMSC cultures of transgenic mice upon osteogenic induction, whereas that of DKK1 was downregulated. Most important, BMSCs from transgenic mice were able to repair craniofacial bone defects as shown by μCT analysis, H&E staining, and osteocalcin (OCN) immunohistochemistry of newly formed bone in defects treated with BMSCs. Taken together, our results demonstrate constitutive overexpression of miR‐335‐5p driven by an osterix promoter in the osteoblast lineage induces osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in mice and support the potential application of miR‐335‐5p–modified BMSCs in craniofacial bone regeneration. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
How Not to Combine Modal Logics

This paper describes a failed attempt to decompose the fusion of two non-normal modal logics as a composition of iterated nonnormal modalisations. That strategy had already succeeded in the transfer of soundness, completeness and decidability for normal modal logics, but we show here why it fails for the transference of some of these properties in the fusion non-normal modal logics. The possibility of the transference of these properties is not ruled out by this result. We also show that the fusion of some of the more common non-normal modal logics transfers completeness, relying directly on the properties of each of the component modal logics.
S4-based voltage sensors have three major conformations

Voltage sensors containing the charged S4 membrane segment display a gating charge vs. voltage (Q–V) curve that depends on the initial voltage. The voltage-dependent phosphatase (Ci-VSP), which does not have a conducting pore, shows the same phenomenon and the Q–V recorded with a depolarized initial voltage is more stable by at least 3RT. The leftward shift of the Q–V curve under prolonged depolarization was studied in the Ci-VSP by using electrophysiological and site-directed fluorescence measurements. The fluorescence shows two components: one that traces the time course of the charge movement between the resting and active states and a slower component that traces the transition between the active state and a more stable state we call the relaxed state. Temperature dependence shows a large negative enthalpic change when going from the active to the relaxed state that is almost compensated by a large negative entropic change. The Q–V curve midpoint measured for pulses that move the sensor between the resting and active states, but not long enough to evolve into the relaxed states, show a periodicity of 120°, indicating a 310 secondary structure of the S4 segment when determined under histidine scanning. We hypothesize that the S4 segment moves as a 310 helix between the resting and active states and that it converts to an α-helix when evolving into the relaxed state, which is most likely to be the state captured in the crystal structures.
Inference of Gene Flow in the Process of Speciation: An Efficient Maximum-Likelihood Method for the Isolation-with-Initial-Migration Model

The isolation-with-migration (IM) model is commonly used to make inferences about gene flow during speciation, using polymorphism data. However, it has been reported that the parameter estimates obtained by fitting the IM model are very sensitive to the model’s assumptions—including the assumption of constant gene flow until the present. This article is concerned with the isolation-with-initial-migration (IIM) model, which drops precisely this assumption. In the IIM model, one ancestral population divides into two descendant subpopulations, between which there is an initial period of gene flow and a subsequent period of isolation. We derive a very fast method of fitting an extended version of the IIM model, which also allows for asymmetric gene flow and unequal population sizes. This is a maximum-likelihood method, applicable to data on the number of segregating sites between pairs of DNA sequences from a large number of independent loci. In addition to obtaining parameter estimates, our method can also be used, by means of likelihood-ratio tests, to distinguish between alternative models representing the following divergence scenarios: (a) divergence with potentially asymmetric gene flow until the present, (b) divergence with potentially asymmetric gene flow until some point in the past and in isolation since then, and (c) divergence in complete isolation. We illustrate the procedure on pairs of Drosophila sequences from ∼30,000 loci. The computing time needed to fit the most complex version of the model to this data set is only a couple of minutes. The R code to fit the IIM model can be found in the supplementary files of this article.