Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable water isotopologue ratios in fog and cloud droplets of liquid clouds are not size-dependent

Abstract. In this work, we present the first observations of stable water isotopologue ratios in cloud droplets of different sizes collected simultaneously. We address the question whether the isotope ratio of droplets in a liquid cloud varies as a function of droplet size. Samples were collected from a ground intercepted cloud (= fog) during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector (CASCC). An instrument test revealed that no artificial isotopic fractionation occurs during sample collection with the CASCC. Furthermore, we could experimentally confirm the hypothesis that the δ values of cloud droplets of the relevant droplet sizes (μm-range) were not significantly different and thus can be assumed to be in isotopic equilibrium immediately with the surrounding water vapor. However, during the dissolution period of the cloud, when the supersaturation inside the cloud decreased and the cloud began to clear, differences in isotope ratios of the different droplet sizes tended to be larger. This is likely to result from the cloud's heterogeneity, implying that larger and smaller cloud droplets have been collected at different moments in time, delivering isotope ratios from different collection times.
Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics and iron cycling in a global three‐dimensional model

A global three‐dimensional marine ecosystem model with several key phytoplankton functional groups, multiple limiting nutrients, explicit iron cycling, and a mineral ballast/organic matter parameterization is run within a global ocean circulation model. The coupled biogeochemistry/ecosystem/circulation (BEC) model reproduces known basin‐scale patterns of primary and export production, biogenic silica production, calcification, chlorophyll, macronutrient and dissolved iron concentrations. The model captures observed high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions in the Southern Ocean, subarctic and equatorial Pacific. Spatial distributions of nitrogen fixation are in general agreement with field data, with total N‐fixation of 55 Tg N. Diazotrophs directly account for a small fraction of primary production (0.5%) but indirectly support 10% of primary production and 8% of sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) export. Diatoms disproportionately contribute to export of POC out of surface waters, but CaCO3 from the coccolithophores is the key driver of POC flux to the deep ocean in the model. An iron source from shallow ocean sediments is found critical in preventing iron limitation in shelf regions, most notably in the Arctic Ocean, but has a relatively localized impact. In contrast, global‐scale primary production, export production, and nitrogen fixation are all sensitive to variations in atmospheric mineral dust inputs. The residence time for dissolved iron in the upper ocean is estimated to be a few years to a decade. Most of the iron utilized by phytoplankton is from subsurface sources supplied by mixing, entrainment, and ocean circulation. However, owing to the short residence time of iron in the upper ocean, this subsurface iron pool is critically dependent on continual replenishment from atmospheric dust deposition and, to a lesser extent, lateral transport from shelf regions.
EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND MODIFIED CONDITION ON THE POST HARVEST QUALITY OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM)

Major losses in tomato quality and quantity occur between harvest and consumption. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to study the effect of calcium chloride, packaging and storage conditions on quality and shelf life of tomato. The physico-chemical characteristics and shelf life of tomato fruits (cv. himsona) treated with calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent) along with different packaging materials were studied under ambient and refrigerated conditions. Among the tested treatments a significant delay in the change of weight loss (5.16%), rotting percentage (5.59%) and lycopene accumulation (3.38%) was exhibited by fruits treated with 1.5 per cent calcium chloride, packed in LDPE bags (20 μ thickness) and stored under refrigerated conditions whereas, in ambient conditions the weight loss was 9.20 %, decay per cent was 12.82 and lycopene accumulation was 3.45 %. The shelf life of tomato under this condition extended upto 33 days as compared to non- treated ones (10 days). Hence, it could be concluded that post harvest chemical treatment with calcium chloride (1.5%) has the potential to control decaying incidence, prolong the storage life and preserve valuable attributes of the tomato fruit.
Distracter suppression dominates attentional modulation of responses to multiple stimuli inside the receptive fields of middle temporal neurons

Single‐cell studies in macaques have shown that attending to one of two stimuli, positioned inside a visual neuron's receptive field (RF), modulates the neuron's response to reflect the features of the attended stimulus. Such a modulation has been described as a ‘push–pull’ effect relative to a reference response: a neuron's response increases when attention is directed to a preferred stimulus, and decreases when attention is directed to a non‐preferred stimulus. It has been further suggested that the response increase when attending to a preferred stimulus is the predominant effect. Here, we show that the observed attentional modulation depends on the reference response. We recorded neuronal responses in motion processing area middle temporal (MT) of macaques to two moving random dot patterns positioned inside neurons’ RF. One pattern always moved in the neuron's antipreferred direction (null pattern), while the other moved in one of 12 directions (tuning pattern). At the beginning of a trial, a cue indicated the location and direction of the target. The animal was required to release a lever when a change in the target direction occurred, and to ignore changes in the distracter. Relative to neurons’ initial responses to the dual stimuli (when attention was less likely to modulate responses), attending to the tuning pattern did not significantly modulate responses over time. However, attending to the null pattern progressively decreased responses over time. These results were quantitatively described by filter and input gain models, characterising a predominant response suppression relative to a reference response, rather than response enhancement.
Hypofractionated Re-irradiation after Maximal Surgical Resection for Recurrent Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Adequacy and Its Prognosticators of Survival

Purpose To evaluate the adequacy of retreatment, including hypofractionated re-irradiation (HFReRT), after surgery for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) and related prognosticators of outcomes. Materials and Methods From 2011 to 2014, 25 consecutive patients with recurrent (n=17) or secondary (n=7) disease underwent maximal surgery and subsequent HFReRT after meeting the following conditions: 1) confirmation of recurrent or secondary GBM after salvage surgery; 2) Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≥60; and 3) interval of ≥12 months between initial radiotherapy and HFReRT. HFReRT was delivered using a simultaneous integrated boost technique, with total dose of 45 Gy in 15 fractions to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions to the clinical target volume. Results During a median follow-up of 13 months, the median progression-free and overall survival (OS) were 13 and 16 months, respectively. A better KPS (p=0.026), no involvement of the eloquent area at recurrence (p=0.030), and a smaller GTV (p=0.005) were associated with better OS. Additionally, OS differed significantly between risk groups stratified by the National Institutes of Health Recurrent GBM Scale (low-risk vs. high-risk, p=0.025). Radiologically suspected radiation necrosis (RN) was observed in 16 patients (64%) at a median of 9 months after HFReRT, and 8 patients developed grade 3 RN requiring hospitalization. Conclusion HFReRT after maximal surgery prolonged survival in selected patients with recurrent GBM, especially those with small-sized recurrences in non-eloquent areas and good performance.
Undermining Position Effects in Choices From Arrays, With Implications for Police Lineups

Choices from arrays are often characterized by position effects, such as edge-aversion. We investigated position effects when participants attempted to pick a suspect from an array similar to a police photo lineup. A reanalysis of data from 2 large-scale field studies showed that choices made under realistic conditions—closely matching eyewitness identification decisions in police investigations—displayed edge-aversion and bias to choose from the top row (Study 1). In a series of experiments (Studies 2a–2c and 3), participants guessing the location of a suspect exhibited edge-aversion regardless of whether the lineup was constructed to maximize the chances of the suspect being picked, to ensure the suspect did not stand out, or randomly. Participants favored top locations only when the lineup was constructed to maximize the chances of the suspect being picked. In Studies 4 and 5, position effects disappeared when (a) response options were presented in an array with no obvious center, edges, or corners, and (b) instructions stated that the suspect was placed randomly. These findings show that position effects are influenced by a combination of task instructions and array shape. Randomizing the location of the suspect and modifying the shape of the lineup array may reduce misidentification.
Understanding Values in Relationship : The Development of Conscience

Conscience consists of the cognitive, affective, relational, and other processes that influence how young children construct and act consistently with generalizable, internal standards of conduct. Conscience development in the early years was not, until recently, of central interest to students of moral development. Traditional approaches to moral growth (such as those of learning theory and the cognitive–developmental view pioneered by Piaget and Kohlberg) portrayed young children as egocentric and preconventional thinkers and as self-interested moralists who respond to the incentives and sanctions provided by other people. By contrast with older children who are concerned with maintaining good relations with others, and with adolescents who consider moral issues within a broader ethical framework, the morality of young children was viewed as an authoritarian, instrumental orientation guided by rewards, punishment, and obedience. In this regard, morality in early childhood was sharply distinguished from the morality of values, humanistic regard, and relationships of later years. But as developmental scientists have reexamined traditional conclusions about thinking and reasoning in early childhood, they have also taken a fresh look at moral understanding. Young children are no longer regarded as egocentric but instead as being intensely interested in the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs of other people, and research on developing theory of mind has revealed the sophistication of young children’s inferences about
Technology Use in Transition-Age Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Youth with chronic illnesses have the greatest risk for a decline in their health management during transition-age. Because of this demonstrated and well-known issue, research has focused on how to improve the transition of care process. Despite the increasing number of technological devices on the market and the advances in telemedicine modalities available to patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the utilization of technology is still suboptimal among patients of transition-age (ages 13-25). This article reviews the available resources, patterns of use in transition-age youth, and explores opportunities to advance technology use in transitioning patients with T1D from pediatric to adult care.
Insights into the evolutionary conserved regulation of Rio ATPase activity

Abstract Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is a complex dynamic process which requires the action of numerous ribosome assembly factors. Among them, the eukaryotic Rio protein family members (Rio1, Rio2 and Rio3) belong to an ancient conserved atypical protein kinase/ ATPase family required for the maturation of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU). Recent structure–function analyses suggested an ATPase-dependent role of the Rio proteins to regulate their dynamic association with the nascent pre-SSU. However, the evolutionary origin of this feature and the detailed molecular mechanism that allows controlled activation of the catalytic activity remained to be determined. In this work we provide functional evidence showing a conserved role of the archaeal Rio proteins for the synthesis of the SSU in archaea. Moreover, we unravel a conserved RNA-dependent regulation of the Rio ATPases, which in the case of Rio2 involves, at least, helix 30 of the SSU rRNA and the P-loop lysine within the shared RIO domain. Together, our study suggests a ribosomal RNA-mediated regulatory mechanism enabling the appropriate stimulation of Rio2 catalytic activity and subsequent release of Rio2 from the nascent pre-40S particle. Based on our findings we propose a unified release mechanism for the Rio proteins.
Cloud-Radiative Forcing and Climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

The study of climate and climate change is hindered by a lack of information on the effect of clouds on the radiation balance of the earth, referred to as the cloud-radiative forcing. Quantitative estimates of the global distributions of cloud-radiative forcing have been obtained from the spaceborne Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) launched in 1984. For the April 1985 period, the global shortwave cloud forcing [-44.5 watts per square meter (W/m2)] due to the enhancement of planetary albedo, exceeded in magnitude the longwave cloud forcing (31.3 W/m2) resulting from the greenhouse effect of clouds. Thus, clouds had a net cooling effect on the earth. This cooling effect is large over the mid-and high-latitude oceans, with values reaching -100 W/m2. The monthly averaged longwave cloud forcing reached maximum values of 50 to 100 W/m2 over the convectively disturbed regions of the tropics. However, this heating effect is nearly canceled by a correspondingly large negative shortwave cloud forcing, which indicates the delicately balanced state of the tropics. The size of the observed net cloud forcing is about four times as large as the expected value of radiative forcing from a doubling of CO2. The shortwave and longwave components of cloud forcing are about ten times as large as those for a CO2 doubling. Hence, small changes in the cloud-radiative forcing fields can play a significant role as a climate feedback mechanism. For example, during past glaciations a migration toward the equator of the field of strong, negative cloud-radiative forcing, in response to a similar migration of cooler waters, could have significantly amplified oceanic cooling and continental glaciation.
Comparison of an Electronic Glycemic Management System Versus Provider-Managed Subcutaneous Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy in the Hospital Setting

Background: American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommend a basal bolus correction insulin regimen as the preferred method of treatment for non–critically ill hospitalized patients. However, achieving ADA glucose targets safely, without hypoglycemia, is challenging. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of basal bolus subcutaneous (SubQ) insulin therapy managed by providers compared to a nurse-directed Electronic Glycemic Management System (eGMS). Method: This retrospective crossover study evaluated 993 non-ICU patients treated with subcutaneous basal bolus insulin therapy managed by a provider compared to an eGMS. Analysis compared therapy outcomes before Glucommander (BGM), during Glucommander (DGM), and after Glucommander (AGM) for all patients. The blood glucose (BG) target was set at 140-180 mg/dL for all groups. The safety of each was evaluated by the following: (1) BG averages, (2) hypoglycemic events <40 and <70 mg/dL, and (3) percentage of BG in target. Result: Percentage of BG in target was BGM 47%, DGM 62%, and AGM 36%. Patients’ BGM BG average was 195 mg/dL, DGM BG average was 169 mg/dL, and AGM BG average was 174 mg/dL. Percentage of hypoglycemic events <70 mg/dL was 2.6% BGM, 1.9% DGM, and 2.8% AGM treatment. Conclusion: Patients using eGMS in the DGM group achieved improved glycemic control with lower incidence of hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL and <70 mg/dl) compared to both BGM and AGM management with standard treatment. These results suggest that an eGMS can safely maintain glucose control with less hypoglycemia than basal bolus treatment managed by a provider.
Distributed Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks With High PV Penetration

The voltage rise problem in low voltage distribution networks with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) resources is one of the most important challenges in the development of these renewable resources since it may prevent the maximum PV penetration considering the reliability and security issues of distribution networks. In this paper, the battery energy storage (BES) systems are used in order to solve the voltage rise during the peak PV generation as well as the voltage drop while meeting the peak load. A coordinated control strategy is proposed to regulate the charge/discharge of BESs using a combination of the local droop-based control method and a distributed control scheme which ensures the voltages of feeder remain within allowed limits. Therefore, two different consensus algorithms are used: the first algorithm determines the BESs participation in voltage regulation in terms of their installed capacity whereas the second one modifies the BESs performance in terms of their state of charge to prevent the excessive saturation or depletion of batteries. The proposed controller enables the effective use of storage capacity in different conditions. Finally, the simulation results based upon real data of a radial distribution feeder validate the effectiveness of this approach.
Context-Aware Recommendation Using Role-Based Trust Network

Recommender systems have been studied comprehensively in both academic and industrial fields over the past decade. As user interests can be affected by context at any time and any place in mobile scenarios, rich context information becomes more and more important for personalized context-aware recommendations. Although existing context-aware recommender systems can make context-aware recommendations to some extent, they suffer several inherent weaknesses: (1) Users’ context-aware interests are not modeled realistically, which reduces the recommendation quality; (2) Current context-aware recommender systems ignore trust relations among users. Trust relations are actually context-aware and associated with certain aspects (i.e., categories of items) in mobile scenarios. In this article, we define a term role to model common context-aware interests among a group of users. We propose an efficient role mining algorithm to mine roles from a “user-context-behavior” matrix, and a role-based trust model to calculate context-aware trust value between two users. During online recommendation, given a user u in a context c, an efficient weighted set similarity query (WSSQ) algorithm is designed to build u’s role-based trust network in context c. Finally, we make recommendations to u based on u’s role-based trust network by considering both context-aware roles and trust relations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our recommendation approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both effectiveness and efficiency.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of breakfast nutritional composition in French schoolchildren aged 9–11 years

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to analyse the nutritional quality of childrens' breakfasts using data collected during a cross-sectional observational study on the prevalence of urinary osmolality in 529 French children aged 9-11 years. METHODS Total nutrient intake, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), energy density and solid energy density were calculated from breakfast food and fluid nutritional composition. To identify the main qualitative breakfast patterns, each breakfast item was categorised into 15 solid and liquid food categories and a principal component analysis followed by a cluster analysis was performed. RESULTS Only 9.8% included skipped breakfast. Breakfast provided, on average, 22.9% of the recommended daily energy intake and 24.7% of the mean adequacy ratio of 23 key nutrients. Four breakfast patterns were identified: 'Sweets breakfast' (40.0% of children), 'Traditional French breakfast' (27.2%), 'Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) + milk' (18.1%) and 'Dairy and juice breakfast' (9.5%). Nutritionally, the 'RTEC + milk' pattern was the most advantageous. Flavoured milk was the most frequently consumed food (50.5%) and the major component of the 'Traditional French breakfast'. CONCLUSIONS Although breakfast provided a substantial contribution to a range of nutrients, opportunity for improvement, particularly to less nutrient breakfast patterns, should not be overlooked.
Growth and spectral properties of Yb3+-doped Ba3Gd(BO3)(3) crystal

Crystal of Yb3+-doped Ba3Gd(BO3)(3) has been grwon by the Czochralski method. The spectroscopic characterizations have been investigated at room temperature. The Yb3+:Ba3Gd(BO3)(3) crystal exhibits board absorption at 976 nm with FWHM of 7 nm and large overall spiting of F-2(7/2) manifold (823 cm(-1)). The absorption and emission cross sections are 5.09x10(-21) cm(2) at 1040 nm respectively. The fluorescense lifetime is 2.84 ms.
Effect of Vitamin D in HN9.10e Embryonic Hippocampal Cells and in Hippocampus from MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model

It has long been proven that neurogenesis continues in the adult brains of mammals in the dentatus gyrus of the hippocampus due to the presence of neural stem cells. Although a large number of studies have been carried out to highlight the localization of vitamin D receptor in hippocampus, the expression of vitamin D receptor in neurogenic dentatus gyrus of hippocampus in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the molecular mechanisms triggered by vitamin D underlying the production of differentiated neurons from embryonic cells remain unknown. Thus, we performed a preclinical in vivo study by inducing PD in mice with MPTP and showed a reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vitamin D receptor in the dentatus gyrus of hippocampus. Then, we performed an in vitro study by inducing embryonic hippocampal cell differentiation with vitamin D. Interestingly, vitamin D stimulates the expression of its receptor. Vitamin D receptor is a transcription factor that probably is responsible for the upregulation of microtubule associated protein 2 and neurofilament heavy polypeptide genes. The latter increases heavy neurofilament protein expression, essential for neurofilament growth. Notably N-cadherin, implicated in activity for dendritic outgrowth, is upregulated by vitamin D.