Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child Soldiers and Iconography: Portrayals and (Mis)Representations

Over the past decade, child soldiers have inundated the popular media. Images of boys armed with AK47s appear ubiquitous, providing a cautionary tale of innocent childhood gone awry. While these representations turn commonly held assumptions of a protected and innocuous childhood on its head, what they conceal is as provocative as what they reveal. Popular news media tells us little about the children behind the guns or the complexity of their wartime and post-war experiences. Attempting to move beyond the narrow depictions, this paper explores the realities of a cohort of child soldiers in Sierra Leone and their experiences of armed conflict. Drawing upon in-depth interviews conducted over a two-year period, children’s experiences defy the limiting portrayals offered by media discourse. While these children are frequently constructed through a framework of extremes (as either extreme victims, extreme perpetrators or extreme heroes), in reality, the lives of these children fall within the grey, ambiguous and paradoxical zones of each.
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA: A CONCEPTUAL AND EMPIRICAL REVIEW

The negative symptom syndrome has become an increasingly important organizing construct for research on schizophrenia in recent years. The present issue of the International Journal of Mental Health, along with a recent special issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin [1] devoted to the topic, attest to this growing impact. In addition, two major conferences and their published proceedings have had negative symptomatology as their focus [2,3]. A number of reviews have also recently discussed various aspects of negative symptoms [e.g., 4-11]. These integrative efforts reflect a growing empirical literature. A computer search of titles in which the key terms negative symptoms and schizophrenia both appeared found no such titles published between the years 1966 to 1974; however, from 1975 to 1981 , an average of four articles a year bore such titles. The rate of increase has been even greater in the past several years, with 13 such titles in 1982 and steady increases each year to a total of 39 such titles appearing in 1986. We seek here to critically review the English-language literature in order to understand what all this excitement is about, what we have learned from it thus far, and what may be promising directions for future study. Although much of the recent work on negative symptoms has been from the perspective of a positive/negative symptom duality, for reasons of space and clarity we shall discuss only negative symptoms.
Improved Detection of Germline Mutations in Korean VHL Patients by Multiple Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification Analysis

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant inherited tumor syndrome characterized by the development of tumors in the eye, brain, spinal cord, inner ear, adrenal gland, pancreas, kidney, and epididymis, associated with germline mutations in the VHL gene. We used sequentially sequencing method and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis and detected germline mutations in the VHL in 15/15 (100%) of VHL patients fulfilling the clinical criteria. Of the 15 distinct mutations detected, large deletions were detected in 5/15 (33.3%) patients, including 4/15 (26.7%) partial deletions and 1/15 (6.6%) deletion of the entire VHL gene by MLPA and the remainder were point mutations detected by sequencing method, of which five mutations were novel. Using MLPA analysis, we detected large deletions including both partial deletions and complete gene deletion, which has not been reported in Korean VHL patients. In conclusion, sequential application of sequencing method and MLPA analysis might make possible to identify germline mutations in most patients with VHL.
Model Penyelenggaraan Work-Based Learning pada Pendidikan Vokasi Diploma III Otomotif

Penelitian bertujuan: (1) menemukan model penyelenggaraan work-based learning pada pendidikan vokasi program Diploma III Otomotif yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas hasil belajar; (2) mengetahui luaran penyelenggaraan work-based learning dengan model yang dikembangkan. Penelitian RD (2) luaran (output) dari model WBL Rolling Terpadu yaitu: pengetahuan mekanik otomotif, sikap profesional, kesiapan mental kerja, dan kemandirian mahasiswa pada kelas model lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibanding kelas konvensional. WORK-BASED LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION MODEL IN AUTOMOTIVE DIPLOMA III VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Abstract This research was aimed at: (1) finding the work-based learning implementation model in Automotive Diploma III program, (2) revealing the WBL performance outputs. R&D and experimental research was conducted at several training centers of automotive authorized dealer agencies or (APM) in Jakarta, Karawang, Tangerang, Bekasi. The population were students of Automotive Diploma III study program who were trained in industrial attachment program in Central Java and Yogyakarta Special State provinces. Two groups of 100 students as subject with purposive sampling techniques. Experiment was conducted with 2x1 factorial design. Validity was examinded by expert judgment and by factors analysis. Cronbach’s Alpha formula and KR-20 were used to examine the reliability. Data were analyzed by correlation, multiple regression, path, and t-test with SPSS ver.17. Goodness of Fit model were tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.80. The results show that (1) WBL Rolling Terpadu model is fit to improve performance outputs in the implementation Automotive Diploma III work-based learning program, (2) outputs of WBL Rolling Terpadu model are initial automotivemechanic knowledge, professional attitude, work mentally readiness, and personality attitude. These outputs of the experimental group in student work-based learning performance are higher than that of control group.
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF PARENTS IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, attitude and acceptability of parents whose children attending city private schools in Southwest Nigeria about HPV infection and vaccine. METHODS: Parents/guardians who have children in two private schools in Ibadan and Osogbo were interviewed through self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: More than half of surveyed parents 218(51.3%) were ignorant of HPV as a causative agent of cervical cancer. Of 425 parents interviewed, 380(89.4%) agreed to vaccinate their children. About 65% of parents who agreed to vaccination will discuss with their children that vaccine protect against STI and 73% of them agreed that vaccine against STI will not send “no-objection to sex” to their children. Of parents who disagree to vaccinate their children, 53.4% considered safety of the vaccine as paramount and about 70% of them will reconsider vaccinating their children if there is more report on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. CONCLUSION: Despite poor knowledge about HPV infection, most parents favored vaccinating their children. Those parents who did not favor the use of vaccine wishes to change their mind as the vaccine becomes more expansively researched, used and widely recommended by the physicians.
Neural correlates of error prediction in a complex motor task

The goal of the study was to quantify error prediction processes via neural correlates in the Electroencephalogram (EEG). Access to such a neural signal will allow to gain insights into functional and temporal aspects of error perception in the course of learning. We focused on the error negativity (Ne) or error-related negativity (ERN) as a candidate index for the prediction processes. We have used a virtual goal-oriented throwing task where participants used a lever to throw a virtual ball displayed on a computer monitor with the goal of hitting a virtual target as often as possible. After one day of practice with 400 trials, participants performed another 400 trials on a second day with EEG measurement. After error trials (i.e., when the ball missed the target), we found a sharp negative deflection in the EEG peaking 250 ms after ball release (mean amplitude: t = −2.5, df = 20, p = 0.02) and another broader negative deflection following the first, reaching from about 300 ms after release until unambiguous visual knowledge of results (KR; hitting or passing by the target; mean amplitude: t = −7.5, df = 20, p < 0.001). According to shape and timing of the two deflections, we assume that the first deflection represents a predictive Ne/ERN (prediction based on efferent commands and proprioceptive feedback) while the second deflection might have arisen from action monitoring.
Overview of Capstone Project implementation in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

This paper presents an overview of Capstone Project implementation at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), and discusses the current assessments methods and related issues. The Capstone project marked course outcomes that are strongly correlated with the engineering program requirements of the Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC) in Malaysia. The paper put forward several recommendations to improve assessment methods for evaluating skills involving ethics, and project implications to environmental issues. Self-assessment surveys to evaluate the experience of the students are to be implemented and analyzed in future works.
A comprehensive analysis of the microbial communities of healthy and diseased marine macroalgae and the detection of known and potential bacterial pathogens

Microorganisms are increasingly being recognized as the causative agents in the diseases of marine higher organisms, such as corals, sponges, and macroalgae. Delisea pulchra is a common, temperate red macroalga, which suffers from a bleaching disease. Two bacterial strains, Nautella italica R11 and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis LSS9, have been shown in vitro to cause bleaching symptoms, but previous work has failed to detect them during a natural bleaching event. To provide a link between in vitro observations and natural occurrences of the disease, we employ here deep-sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to comprehensively analyze the community composition of healthy and diseased D. pulchra samples from two separate locations. We observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 100% identity and coverage to the 16S RNA gene sequence of both in vitro pathogens, but only the OTU with similarity to strain LSS9 showed a statistically significant higher abundance in diseased samples. Our analysis also reveals the existence of other bacterial groups within the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae that strongly contribute to difference between diseased and healthy samples and thus these groups potentially contain novel macroalgal pathogens and/or saprophytes. Together our results provide evidence for the ecological relevance of one kind of in vitro pathogen, but also highlight the possibility that multiple opportunistic pathogens are involved in the bleaching disease of D. pulchra.
Gastroprotection of Suaveolol, Isolated from Hyptis suaveolens, against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Wistar Rats: Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide and Sulfhydryls

Hyptis suaveolens is a medicinal plant that is, according to traditional medicine, considered useful in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Although its gastroprotective activity was reported, the active compounds have not been identified. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify at least one active compound potentially responsible for the gastroprotective activity of H. suaveolens by using a bioassay guided study with an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer experimental model in rats. The results show that the hexane extract had protective activity (close to 70% when using doses between 10 and 100 mg/kg), and that the compound suaveolol, isolated from this extract, was one of the active gastroprotective agents. This is the first report about the gastroprotective activity of suaveolol. Rats treated with this compound at 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg showed 12.6, 21.3, 39.6 and 70.2% gastroprotection respectively. The effect elicited by suaveolol (at 100 mg/kg) was attenuated by pretreatment with either NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (70 mg/kg, i.p.), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.), a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis, or N-ethylmaleimide (10 mg/kg, s.c.), a blocker of sulfhydryl groups. This suggests that the gastroprotective mechanism of action of this compound involves NO, prostaglandins and sulfhydryl groups.
Impact of small quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements on infant and young child feeding practices at 18 months of age: results from four randomized controlled trials in Africa

Abstract Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices can help ensure nutrient adequacy and support healthy growth and development. Small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) have been proposed to help fill nutrient gaps, but little is known about the impact of provision of SQ‐LNS on breastfeeding or complementary feeding practices. In the context of four coordinated randomized controlled nutrient supplementation trials in diverse sites in Africa, we compared IYCF practices at infant age 18 months (after 9–12 months of supplementation) between those receiving and not receiving SQ‐LNS. Practices were assessed by caregiver recall. Continued breastfeeding ranged from 74% (Ghana site) to 97% (Burkina Faso site) and did not differ between groups in any site; prevalence of frequent breastfeeding also did not differ. In two sites (Burkina Faso and Malawi), infants receiving SQ‐LNS were more likely to meet the World Health Organization recommendations for frequency of feeding (percentage point differences of 12–14%, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.005, respectively; the remaining two sites did not have data for this indicator). Most indicators of infant dietary diversity did not differ between groups in any site, but in the same two sites where frequency of feeding differed, infants receiving SQ‐LNS were less likely to have low frequency of consumption of animal‐source foods in the previous week (percentage point differences of 9–19% for lowest tertile, P = .02 and P = 0.04, respectively). We conclude that provision of SQ‐LNS did not negatively impact self‐reported IYCF practices and may have positively impacted frequency of feeding.
Knowing the patient well: learning disability nurses’ experiences of caring for terminally ill people with profound learning disabilities in residential care settings

This thesis reports on a research project guided by the principles of grounded theory. It examines how learning disability nurses care for terminally ill people with profound learning disabilities in two National Health Service residential homes. The aim of the study is to explore the perceived knowledge and skills of this group of nurses. It concerns how they assess, recognise and discover patients’ illnesses and how they provide end of life care needs. A total of 36 learning disability nurses participated in in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis is achieved through analysis of interview transcripts and reflexive journaling (field notes). The analysis of data suggests that the main theme “longitudinal knowing” leads to the production of “knowing the patient well”. “Longitudinal knowing” is the principal process through which the “normal” and the “pathological” continuum is constructed. The observed changes help learning disability nurses to establish a clear demarcation between learning disability-related behaviour and disease-related behaviour. The strategy of “longitudinal knowing” the patient well helps learning disability nurses to understand what their patients are like before the illness, and after the onset of illness. In addition, this thesis reveals that learning disability nurses draw on different types of knowledge. This knowledge includes “intuition”, “commonsense” knowledge and “formal” knowledge. The analysis of data shows that the four types of knowledge derive from “longitudinal knowing”. They help learning disability nurses to understand and assess patient’s changing health conditions. These types of knowledge serve as tools to help learning disability nurses make appropriate nursing decisions about a patient’s health status. In this study, participants sometimes used a mixture of lay and technical language to describe their observed signs and symptoms. The analysis of data shows an area of “uncertainty of knowing”. It concerns an ambiguity about whether the specific signs and symptoms are attributed to the learning disability or to an illness. “Uncertainty of knowing” may be a potential barrier to the delivery of appropriate comfort care. The thesis also reveals an area of “certainty of not knowing”. This refers to moments when participants know for sure where the gaps in knowledge are. The analysis of data shows that participants seek to address this gap by searching for relevant internet resources. They also know that they need educational input in pathophysiology of advance diseases. This helps to reduce the tension created by “uncertainty of knowing” and comfort care. The thesis shows that for all participants, “longitudinal knowing” is fundamental for learning disability nurses in the delivery of appropriate and timely “comfort” end-of-life care.
Effects of citric acid and microbial phytase on amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens

1. Two experiments with growing chickens were carried out to study the effects of the inclusion of a microbial phytase (Natuphos® 5000) and citric acid (CA) in maize–soybean-based diets on the performance and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). In both experiments the diets were formulated to contain the same amounts of energy and protein. 2. In the first experiment, data were analysed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of available phosphorus (AP) from one day to 3 weeks of age (3·5 and 2·2 g/kg) and for 3 to 6 weeks (2·7 and 1·4 g/kg), and two inclusions of commercial phytase (0 and 500 FTU/kg) in each period. The AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA were not modified by the AP content of the diet. Addition of phytase improved the AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA only at low AP levels. 3. In the second experiment, data were analysed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three concentrations of citric acid (0, 20 and 50 g/kg) and two inclusions of commercial phytase (0 and 750 FTU/kg). Diets were formulated with deficient contents of AP (2·5 g/kg). Performance was not affected by commercial phytase addition. The addition of CA reduced the weight gain but did not modify the feed intake and gain:feed. In general, the AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA were not affected by CA addition. Commercial phytase increased the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein but had no effect on AID of dispensable and indispensable AA. 4. In conclusion, the present work showed that microbial phytase enhanced AA digestibility in maize–soy-based diet only at very low AP concentrations, and that CA had no affect on the AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA. No synergism between CA and microbial phytase was detected.
The Myxococcus xanthuspilT locus is required for social gliding motility although pili are still produced

Social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus depends on the presence of Type IV pili. To begin to examine the role of pili in social motility, 17 mutants were identified which had lost social motility, but still expressed pili. Four of these mutants carry point mutations which mapped to a locus upstream of the recently identified pilS, pilR, and pilA genes. Sequencing of this locus revealed a gene with homology to pilT from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sequencing of the four point mutations revealed that they occurred within the M. xanthus pilT locus. A markerless deletion within M. xanthuspilT, similar to the four point mutations, disrupted social gliding behaviour but did not interfere with pilus formation or pilus‐dependent cell–cell agglutination. Using time‐lapse videomicroscopy, residual social motility was observed in dsp− strains (known to be deficient in fibril but not pilus production); this was not observed in a ΔpilTdsp− double mutant. Two genes flanking pilT were also sequenced, and found to have homology to pilB and pilC from P. aeruginosa. Markerless deletions within these genes caused both pilus and social‐motility defects. These results indicate that M. xanthuspilB and pilC are required for pilus biogenesis, while pilT is required for assembled pili to play their role in social motility. Thus, pilB, pilT, pilC, pilS, pilR and pilA form a contiguous cluster of pil genes required for social motility.
Psychological strengths and subjective well-being in South African white students

This study investigated the role of individual resources, notably self-efficacy, gratitude, and hope, in subjective well-being of white dormitory students at a historically white institution of higher learning. Using a convenience sample of white students (N = 227), we tested the role of generalised self-efficacy, gratitude, and hope as indicators of a latent factor, labelled personal resources, in a structural equation model with subjective well-being as the latent output variable, measured by self-esteem and satisfaction with life. Path analyses indicated a reasonable fit between the data and our hypothesised theoretical model which proposed positive relations between levels of generalised self-efficacy, gratitude, dispositional hope, self-esteem and satisfaction with life. White students were psychologically doing well, considering above-midpoint levels obtained for levels of generalised self-efficacy, gratitude, dispositional hope, and satisfaction with life However, scores obtained for self-esteem and adult dispositional hope were below the mid-point and neutral respectively, indicating that White students do not agree that they experience high levels of these two psychological strengths. White female students experienced higher levels of hope, gratitude, and life satisfaction, while no significant gender differences were found for generalised self-efficacy and self-esteem. The results of this study highlight the potential for using psychological strengths to promote well-being in racially diverse students.
Religious Wellbeing as a Predictor for Quality of Life in Iranian Hemodialysis Patients

Aim: Spiritual well-being is known as a main resource for adjustment and coping when confronted with stressful situations such as managing a chronic disease. The aim of this study is to determine the very relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A convenience sample of 95 patients with end-stage renal disease who were referred to main hemodialysis centers were included from December 2012 to June 2013. Data was collected by using a socio-demographic questionnaire, the SF-36 quality of life scale, and the spiritual wellbeing scale. Descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical assessment. Results: The mean age of the patients evaluated was 50.4 (SD=15.72) years of age, and 61.1% of the patients were male. Both religious and existential domains of spiritual wellbeing were associated with bodily pain, vitality, social functioning and mental health (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that religious well-being was associated with better quality of life in both domains of physical (OR=1.17; p=0.01) and mental (OR=1.14; p=0.02) components after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Conclusion: Religious well-being should be considered important predictive factors for the better quality of life in hemodialysis patients. This indicates the need for psychosocial and spiritual supports in the care of these patients.