Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contextualised Skill Acquisition: Investigating the Skill and Expertise of Brazilian Footballers

This thesis investigates the role of socio-cultural-historical environmental constraints influencing the development of association football expertise and skill in Brazilian players. Only a small number of studies in the field of motor learning have attempted to address this issue due to the qualitative, interpretive research approach required to analyse socio-cultural themes. However, considering that expertise in sports emerges from the complex interaction of multiple constraints, socio-cultural factors have to be further explored in a contextualised manner so that knowledge in the field of motor learning can be advanced. This thesis presents an interpretive, multi-methods approach to holistically investigate the interacting constraints on the development pathway of Brazilian football players. In contrast to traditional positivist approaches, this thesis is based on the philosophical assumptions of the interpretive research paradigm and the epistemological and methodological tenets of Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model of Human Development. In addition, to guide and generate data, this programme of work adopts ethnographic strategies of inquiry and related methods, including: contextual analysis, participant-observation, and open-ended interviews. Drawing upon the multi-methodological approach, this thesis proposes contextualised skill acquisition research (CSAR) as a suitable methodological framework to investigate skill acquisition in sport. Using this new approach, key findings show that the development of expertise in Brazilian footballers is a function of informal, even aversive variables ranging from the microsystemic level under the context of pelada, mesosystemic level under the context of home and federated clubs, exosystemic level under the context of poverty and macrosystemic level under the context of samba, capoeira, and malandragem. The objective of this thesis is to promote methodological possibilities to investigate effects of socio-cultural constraints on expertise acquisition in sport. As such the thesis offers
Aconitase Causes Iron Toxicity in Drosophila pink1 Mutants

The PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrial kinase, and pink1 mutations cause early onset Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans. Loss of pink1 in Drosophila leads to defects in mitochondrial function, and genetic data suggest that another PD-related gene product, Parkin, acts with pink1 to regulate the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy). Consequently, pink1 mutants show an accumulation of morphologically abnormal mitochondria, but it is unclear if other factors are involved in pink1 function in vivo and contribute to the mitochondrial morphological defects seen in specific cell types in pink1 mutants. To explore the molecular mechanisms of pink1 function, we performed a genetic modifier screen in Drosophila and identified aconitase (acon) as a dominant suppressor of pink1. Acon localizes to mitochondria and harbors a labile iron-sulfur [4Fe-4S] cluster that can scavenge superoxide to release hydrogen peroxide and iron that combine to produce hydroxyl radicals. Using Acon enzymatic mutants, and expression of mitoferritin that scavenges free iron, we show that [4Fe-4S] cluster inactivation, as a result of increased superoxide in pink1 mutants, results in oxidative stress and mitochondrial swelling. We show that [4Fe-4S] inactivation acts downstream of pink1 in a pathway that affects mitochondrial morphology, but acts independently of parkin. Thus our data indicate that superoxide-dependent [4Fe-4S] inactivation defines a potential pathogenic cascade that acts independent of mitophagy and links iron toxicity to mitochondrial failure in a PD–relevant model.
The Dynamics of the Language Lesson

The classroom lesson is an event of several different kinds: It is a unit in a planned curricular sequence, an instance of a teaching method in operation, a patterned social activity, and an encounter between human personalities. Much of what happens in any given classroom represents a stable routine which best reconciles the varied demands of these different dimensions for the particular teacher and learners in question. If this is so, specialist-level effort at arriving at a good teaching method or curriculum for wide classroom use is largely misguided since any new method or curriculum is sure to be unsettling to the stable routine in each classroom and likely, as a result, either to be discarded as unworkable or to be absorbed into a new, stable routine devoid of its conceptual substance. A change in classroom routines can be productive of learning only to the extent it is motivated and sustained by conceptual exploration by the teachers themselves. This involves teachers being their own theorists, and specialists interacting with teachers as fellow theorists.
Motivational Media and Academic Success

Motivating students to do well in courses that fail to interest them can be challenging. The current study was designed to assess the potential impact of priming motivational media on academic performance. Students in six sections of introductory psychology courses ( n = 128) completed a quiz after watching a 4 minute inspirational video (experimental group, n = 63), or without watching the video (control group, n = 65). The video selected showed scenes of individuals pushing their limits in all aspects of life and a commentary of a motivational commencement speech by Arnold Schwarzenegger given to college graduates. After completing the quiz participants were given a survey with questions pertaining to their motivation, positive and negative emotions, demographics, and their reactions to the video. Students who were primed by the video reported greater academic motivation and planned to study more for the next quiz than students who did not watch the video. Females reported lower GPA and lower positive emotions in the experimental condition. While there was not an overall effect of the video on quiz scores, male students who watched the video performed 10% better on the quiz than males in the control condition. Implications of these findings suggest that motivational information may be beneficial in inspiring academic performance in certain circumstances.
Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support

The link between teamwork and job satisfaction was investigated in a sample of 48 manufacturing companies comprising 4708 employees. Two separate research questions were addressed. First, it was proposed that supervisor support would be a weaker source of job satisfaction in companies with higher levels of teamworking. Multilevel analysis indicated that the extent of teamwork at the company level of analysis moderated the relationship between individual perceptions of supervisor support and job satisfaction. Second, it was proposed that the extent of teamwork would be positively related to perceptions of job autonomy but negatively related to perceptions of supervisor support. Further, it was proposed that the link between teamwork and job autonomy would be explained by job enrichment practices associated with teamwork. Analyses of aggregated company data supported these propositions and provided evidence for a complex mediational path between teamwork and job satisfaction. Implications for implementing teamwork in organizations are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Middle School Students’ Weight Perceptions, Dieting Behaviors, and Life Satisfaction

Abstract Background: Previous research has posited that significant relationships exist between health status and psychological measures of health (e.g., self-esteem). Less is known about the relationship between perceived quality of life (e.g., life satisfaction), weight perceptions, and dieting behaviors, particularly among middle school adolescents. Purpose: This study investigated the association between weight perceptions and unhealthful dieting behaviors and overall life satisfaction among middle school students. Methods: Separate models were created for 245 7th and 8th grade males and females using the CDC’s 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). ANOVA analyses and Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) tests compared weight perceptions and dieting behaviors to overall life satisfaction. Results: Females were significantly more likely to report reduced life satisfaction if reporting being overweight, eating less, fasting, or taking diet pills to lose weight (effect sizes 0.96-5.80) (p<. 01). Males were significantly more likely to report reduced life satisfaction if reporting being overweight or fasting to lose weight (effect sizes 4.58-4.75) (p<.05). Discussion: Unhealthful weight perceptions and dieting behaviors develop early in adolescence and impact life satisfaction. Translation to Health Education Practice: Comprehensive educational programs for prevention and intervention of weight misperceptions and unhealthful dieting are needed and must acknowledge gender differences.
The Contribution of Educational Psychology to Intervention Research and Practice

Advances in psychological theory have made significant contributions to the considerable progress that has been achieved in intervention research and practice, especially in the past two decades. This article presents a discussion of the major conceptual and methodological issues that have arisen in intervention research, with a focus on interventions for children with learning problems, particularly reading problems. Examples from our own research are presented to illustrate how conceptual and methodological factors in intervention research can be taken into consideration in the design of intervention studies.
Long-Lasting Effect of Prolonged Hypoxemia after Birth on the Immediate Ventilatory Response to Changes in Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Young Lambs

ABSTRACT: The effect of prolonged hypoxemia (H) after birth on the evolution of the ventilatory response to changes in arterial partial pressure of O2 was determined in unanesthetized, awake lambs. H was induced for 12 d after birth in seven lambs through exposure to 0.10 fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2). Five control (C) lambs were kept in 0.21 FiO2. The ventilatory response (percent increase from baseline) to acute hypoxia was tested with 0.14 FiO2 and 0.10 FiO2. The tonic activity of the peripheral chemore-ceptors was assessed by the transient pure oxygen inhalation test (Dejours' test). The occlusion technique was used to measure the baseline neuromuscular drive of breathing. A markedly decreased early ventilatory response to acute hypoxia persisted in the H lambs for at least 5 wk after termination of H compared with the C group. The second phase of the response was significantly lower only at 12 d (the end of H) and was thereafter comparable to that in the C lambs. The ventilatory response to hyperoxia was significantly lower in the H lambs only at the end of hypoxemia at 12 d and rapidly normalized after return to normoxia. H did not significantly affect resting neuromuscular drive. These results show that postnatal maturation of the ventilatory response to changes in arterial partial pressure of O2 can be delayed by prolonged postnatal hypoxemia. The effect on the response to hyperoxia is transient, whereas the response to acute hypoxia is affected for an extended time. This study illustrates the importance of an adequate postnatal arterial partial pressure of O2 for the development of the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia.
Cardiovascular Edge Detection using Neural Networks

In order to perform computational fluid dynamics simulations of blood flows in patients, models of their cardiovascular system are required. Currently the only way to obtain models of sufficient quality is for practitioners to manually construct them from volumetric scan data using computer aided design (CAD) software. In order to automate the process of cardiovascular model construction it is necessary to be able to produce high accuracy edge-maps of the cardiovascular system from volumetric scans. Despite numerous advances in the area of deep learning applied to edge-detection and image segmentation, current techniques have not yet seen application towards cardiovascular edge-detection. In this paper we make use of convolutional neural networks to develop a classifier that can segment volumetric scan data to detect blood vessels and other cardiovascular structures in volumetric scan data. Specifically a classifier is developed that can identify which pixels of a 2D image are blood vessels. Randomized search techniques are used to determine an optimal neural network architecture and training hyperparameters. The final network architecture is able to achieve 89% accuracy on a test set of 5,000 images.
Empirical investigations of the MMPI-2 gender-masculine and gender-feminine scales

Abstract. The present study examined the validity of two Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) scales - Gender Masculine (GM) and Gender Feminine (GF) - in discriminating between the gender types - Masculine (High GM/Low GF); Feminine (Low GM/High GF); Androgynous (High GM/High GF) and Undifferentiated (Low GM/Low GF), in cross-national clinical samples. The study consisted of 70 Singaporean and 107 Australian psychiatric patients. Significant pairwise comparisons were found for Undifferentiated-Stereotyped Masculinity, Undifferentiated-Androgynous, Stereotyped Femininity-Stereotyped Masculinity, and Stereotyped Femininity-Androgynous on both measures of psychological well-being for both countries, but not for comparisons between the Stereotyped Masculinity-Androgynous and Undifferentiated-Stereotyped Femininity categories. Independent dimensions of masculinity and femininity - the GM and GF scales - were, therefore, found to distinguish between two of the four sex-type categories on measur.
Justice paradigm shift? Values and visions in the reform process

Governed by a retributive paradigm, the criminal justice process threatens to co-opt and subvert alternative processes such as mediation. Only a grounding in alternative values—indeed, an alternative, restorative understanding of justice—can reduce such co-optation. Change advocates must be aware that their reforms may go astray and should be careful about imposing their visions and values on others.
The person-environment fit approach to stress: Recurring problems and some suggested solutions

In recent years, the person-environment (P-E) fit approach to stress has become widely accepted among organizational stress researchers (Eulberg, Weekley and Bhagat, 1988). The P-E fit approach characterizes stress as a lack of correspondence between characteristics of the person (e.g. abilities, values) and the environment (e.g. demands, supplies). This lack of correspondence is hypothesized to generate deleterious psychological, physiological, and behavioral outcomes, which eventually result in increased morbidity and mortality. This basic framework forms the core of many current theories of organizational stress, such as those presented by French and his colleagues (French, Rogers and Cobb, 1974; French, Caplan and Harrison, 1982), McGrath (1976), Karasek (1979), Schuler (1980), and others.
Gender, Self-Esteem, and Perception of Own Attractiveness

73 college students completed the 1965 Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and two measures of self-perceived physical attractiveness from Hatfield and Sprecher. Consistent with the hypotheses, scores on both measures of attractiveness correlated with self-esteem and the 35 women had significantly lower scores than the 38 men on all three measures.
Adaptive Variants of Controllability Attributions among Survivors of Sexual Assault

Sexual assault is a significant societal concern, with an unfortunately high rate of occurrence. Results from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey indicate that approximately 18% of women, and 1% of men, report a lifetime history of sexual assault (Black et al., 2011). Given the prevalence of sexual as
Ecotourism Experiences in Visitors’ Books of a Greek Reserve: a Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective

This article explores the way visitors to a Greek reserve experience the protected area through visitors’ books, namely, via the distribution of the tourism and environmentalist image of the reserve in their texts. Although it has been often claimed that the economic aspect of eco–tourism has overridden the environmentalist one, the problem has not been adequately addressed in terms of visitors, and has produced conflicting findings. This article sheds some light on the unexplored genre of visitors’ books and raises methodological issues by employing a Content Analysis framework from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. Although visitors’ books do not always represent a major source of feedback for site organisers, visitors’ representations of the reserve do emerge. Despite the equal distribution of the tourism and environmentalist images of the reserve, in quantitative terms, the former overrides the latter in qualitative terms. Finally, ecotourism experiences are found to be homogeneous within and across texts, while any differences observed are more due to the nature of social practice in which texts are generated than to the type of visitor.
Perineal resuturing versus expectant management following vaginal delivery complicated by a dehisced wound (PREVIEW): a pilot and feasibility randomised controlled trial

Objective To establish the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of resuturing versus expectant management for dehisced perineal wounds. Design A multicentre pilot and feasibility RCT. Setting Ten UK maternity units from July 2011 to July 2013. Population Eligible women with a dehisced perineal wound within 2 weeks of childbirth. Methods The interventions were resuturing or expectancy. Randomisation was via web or telephone, stratified by participating centre. Blinding was not possible due to the nature of the interventions. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Outcome The primary outcome measure was wound healing at 6–8 weeks. Results The study revealed a number of feasibility issues, particularly strong patient and clinician preference for treatment options at recruiting centres and the timing of the primary outcome measure. Thirty-four women were randomised (17 in each arm). Data from 33 women were analysed on an intention-to-treat analysis to obtain preliminary estimates of effect size. There was a difference in wound healing at 2 weeks favouring resuturing (OR 20.00, 95% CI 2.04 to 196.37, p=0.004). However, by 6–8 weeks all but one wound in both groups had healed. Conclusions PREVIEW revealed a number of feasibility issues, which impacted on recruitment rate. These will have to be taken into account in the design of any future definitive study. In this feasibility study, resuturing was associated with quicker wound healing and women reported higher satisfaction rates with the outcome at 3 months. Trial registration number ISRCTN05754020.
Dental and other health care visits among U.S. adults with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE This study compared yearly dental visits of diabetic adults with those of nondiabetic adults. For adults with diabetes, we compared the frequency of past-year dental visits with past-year visits for diabetes care, dilated eye examinations, and foot examinations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 105,718 dentate individuals aged > or =25 years, including 4,605 individuals with diabetes who participated in the 1995-1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 38 states. RESULTS Dentate adults (i.e., those with at least some natural teeth) with diabetes were less likely than those without diabetes to have seen a dentist within the preceding 12 months (65.8 vs. 73.1%, P = 0.0000). Adults with diabetes were less likely to have seen a dentist than to have seen a health care provider for diabetes care (86.3%); the percentage who saw a dentist was comparable with the percentage who had their feet examined (67.7%) or had a dilated eye examination (62.3%). The disparity in dental visits among racial or ethnic groups and among socioeconomic groups was greater than that for any other type of health care visit for subjects with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Promotion of oral health among diabetic patients may be necessary, particularly in Hispanic and African-American communities. Information on oral health complications should be included in clinical training programs. Oral and diabetes control programs in state health departments should collaborate to promote preventive dental services, and the oral examination should be listed as a component of continuous care in the American Diabetes Association's standards of medical care for diabetic patients.
Symptoms of complexity in a tourism system

Tourism destinations behave as dynamic evolving complex systems, encompassing numerous factors and activities that are interdependent and whose relationships might be highly nonlinear. Traditional research in this field has looked after a linear approach: variables and relationships are monitored in order to forecast future outcomes with simplified models and to derive implications for management organizations. The limitations of this approach have become apparent in many cases, and several authors claim for a new and different attitude. While complex systems ideas are among the most promising interdisciplinary research themes emerged in the last few decades, very little has been done so far in the field of tourism. This article presents a brief overview of the complexity framework as a means to understand structures, characteristics, and relationships, and explores the implications and contributions of the complexity literature on tourism systems. The objective is to allow the reader to gain a deeper appreciation of this point of view.
A Family of Fault-Tolerant Routing Protocols for Direct Multiprocessor Networks

Our goal is to reconcile the conflicting demands of performance and fault-tolerance in interprocessor communication. To this end, we propose a pipelined communication mechanism-pipelined circuit-switching (PCS)-which is a variant of the well known wormhole routing (WR) mechanism. PCS relaxes some of the routing constraints imposed by WR and as a result enables routing behavior that cannot otherwise be realized. This paper presents a new class of adaptive routing algorithms-misrouting backtracking with m misroutes (MB-m). This class of routing algorithms is made possible by PCS. We provide an analysis of the performance and static fault-tolerant properties of MB-m. The results of an experimental evaluation of PCS and MB-3 are also presented. This methodology provides performance approaching that of WR, while realizing a level of resilience to static faults that is difficult to achieve with WR. >
Stories and Statistics: Describing a Mixed Methods Study of Effective Classroom Practice

The Effective Classroom Practice project aimed to identify key factors that contribute to effective teaching in primary and secondary phases of schooling in different socioeconomic contexts. This article addresses the ways in which qualitative and quantitative approaches were combined within an integrated design to provide a comprehensive methodology for the research purposes. Strategies for the study are discussed, followed by the challenges of combining complex statistics with individual stories, particularly in relation to the ongoing iteration between these different data sets, and issues of validity and reliability. The findings shed new light on the meanings and measurement of teachers’ effective classroom practice and the complex nature of, and relationships with, professional life phase, teacher identities, and school context.