Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I Am Therefore I Do: Group Identification and Effort for the Achievement Goals

Relevant others (e.g., fellow group members) influence how goals and goal-directed behaviors are construed and valued. In turn, according to the “expectancy × value” model of motivated behavioral choice, people engage in goal-directed behaviors when they expect success and ascribe high values to a certain task. In this pilot study, we combine predictions from a social psychological goal perspective with recent theoretical developments from educational psychology, testing the processes that link a person’s social identity with the effort for the achievement goals. With a pilot study using a sample of 86 university students, we tested the assumption that expectation for success and subjective task values mediate the relation between the student identity and effort intentions. In line with our expectations, stronger identification with the group of students was related to stronger effort intentions, mediated via interest and attainment value. These results suggest that social identity may have a profound impact on the engagement decisions made in educational settings.
Audience construction and AIDS education efforts: Exploring communication assumptions of public health interventions

Anderson's (1996) notion of an analytic audience offers a fruitful organizing concept for discourse analysis regarding health communication interventions. An analytic audience in this context might be conceived as an entity produced by health practitioners as they describe intervention development. In order to illustrate this idea, the present paper briefly explores examples of discourse on educational efforts related to AIDS. Analysis in this vein might suggest implications regarding the relationships between health organizations and the individuals they ostensibly serve through interventions that may not be obvious from other perspectives. In so far as such realizations are worthwhile, such analysis is not idle perusal of arcane documents but rather is vital work for public health researchers. Moreover, focusing on discourse concerning constructed audiences is one way to approach the current lack of reflexive inquiry among public health researchers.
Is Cleanliness Next to Godliness?

We conducted a study to determine if the cleanliness of an apartment would affect observer impressions of the resident. Participants (210 female and 126 male undergraduate students) read a story in which a character’s apartment was described as clean or dirty or in which no information about housekeeping was provided. For each condition, half the characters were male and half were female. After reading the story, participants rated the personality of the character. Poor housekeepers received lower ratings on measures of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Intelligence, and Femininity but received higher ratings on measures of Openness and Neuroticism. Results indicated no significant interactions between housekeeping and participant or character gender. Findings support the idea that housekeeping is a cue utilized in environmental impression formation.
Prospects for routine detection of dementia using the fractal dimension of the human electroencephalogram

The paper details research which aims to improve the contribution made by electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis to the diagnosis and care of patients with brain disease; dementia in particular. Previous attempts to automate EEG analysis have concentrated on separating patient groups from control groups, often on the basis of a single neurophysiological index derived from a short, isolated segment of EEG. The authors seek to develop, and test, a novel technique for the analysis of changes in serial EEG recordings on individuals (subject-specific analysis) which may serve as a basis for routine early detection of dementia. The objectives of the reported study were to examine the feasibility of applying appropriate fractal dimension (FD) (complexity) measures to the human EEG, and to examine whether methods using the subject specific variability of these measures are likely to be useful for detecting patients who develop dementia. The reason for undertaking the study was to establish a 'proof of concept' and determine whether research should concentrate in this area. Existing EEG analysis methods were reviewed and four FD measures suitable for EEG analysis were developed. These four measures were applied to a total of 21 EEG recordings (from seven subjects with various dementias, eight age matched controls and two young subjects who gave three recordings each). The results were analysed and the following conclusions were drawn: it is possible to measure the complexity of the human EEG using the FD, and the subject specific variability of the FD is an important candidate method for identifying patients with dementia. Therefore, further work in this area is justified. 1 Early diagnosis of dementia Advances in nutrition, living conditions and healthcare in the developed world have led to an improved life expect- ancy (l). Unfortunately, this brings with it an increase in
Disambiguation of Overlapping Experiences by Neurons in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Hippocampal neuronal activity distinguishes separate events that share common elements. Here, we examined whether the capacity to disambiguate overlapping experiences is an exclusive feature of hippocampal processing or whether information processing one stage earlier in the hippocampal system also disambiguates common elements of distinct experiences. We compared the spatial firing patterns of neurons in the dorsocaudal medial entorhinal cortex (dcMEC) and hippocampal CA1 neurons in animals continuously alternating left-turn and right-turn routes through a T-maze. Neurons in the dcMEC more strongly distinguished left-turn from right-turn trials compared with CA1 neurons, whereas CA1 neurons more selectivity encoded places traversed within each route. These results indicate that dcMEC spatial firing patterns are experience dependent and reflect the mnemonic demands of a spatial memory task. Furthermore, the results suggest that neuronal populations in the dcMEC and CA1 differentially emphasize complementary aspects of spatial memory representations.
An ultra-thin bendable Si-monolithic imaging test sensor

In this work an ultra-thin bendable imaging test structure is presented and experimental results are put forward. The deployed design and layout rules in order to achieve an independent operation on the applied mechanical stress are discussed. Moreover, experimental results of the optical characteristics of standard n+/p photodiodes on ultra-thin silicon chips embedded into a polyimide foil under several bending configurations are discussed and presented.
A model of spectral galaxy evolution including the effects of nebular emission

This paper presents a new spectral evolutionary model of galaxies, properly taking the effects of nebular emission and pre-main sequence evolution into account. The impact of these features in different photometric filters is evaluated, along with the influence that variations in the physical conditions of the gas may have on broadband colours, line ratios and equivalent widths. Inclusion of nebular emission is demonstrated to radically change the predicted ultraviolet, optical and near-infrared colours during active star formation. Pre-main sequence evolution is also seen to give a non-negligible contribution to the luminosity in the near-infrared during the first few million years of evolution and should not be omitted when very young systems are being modelled. Finally, we present a comparison of our predictions to observations and two other recent codes of evolutionary synthesis.
The development of the Wellbeing Evaluation Scale

Abstract Wellbeing is a complex construct and to date there has been great inconsistency across measures of wellbeing with respect to their theoretical foundations, dimensions, composition, and psychometric properties. The need for wellbeing measures that have robust epistemological and ontological frameworks and sound psychometric properties is evident as a basis for effective care planning, outcome evaluation and research. The following paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Wellbeing Evaluation Scale (WES), long and short forms, from an analysis of data drawn from a representative population of 203 adults aged 55 years and over. Following an initial pilot study (n = 98), a repeated investigation involved a representative sample of 203 adults over the age of 55 who were recruited from the West Midlands for this study. The findings suggest that the WES is a reliable, valid, and representative measure of wellbeing in adults over 55. It is concluded that the WES can be considere.
Science Trainee Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge and its Influence on Physics Teaching

This study examined Malaysian science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of selected physics concepts. The two components of PCK investigated were (i) knowledge of students' understanding, conceptions and misconceptions of topics, and (ii) knowledge of strategies and representations for teaching particular topics. The participants were 12 trainee teachers from various academic science backgrounds attending a one-year postgraduate teacher-training course. They were interviewed on selected basic concepts in physics that are found in the Malaysian Integrated Science curriculum for lower secondary level. The findings showed that trainee teachers' PCK for promoting conceptual understanding is limited. They lacked the ability to transform their understanding of basic concepts in physics required to teach lower secondary school science pupils. The trainees' level of content knowledge affected their awareness of pupils' likely misconceptions. Consequently, the trainees were unable to employ the appropriate teaching strategies required to explain the scientific ideas. This study provides some pedagogical implications for the training of science teachers.
Health of lesbian, bisexual and queer women in Sydney: the 2004 Sydney Women and Sexual Health survey

In February 2004, women at Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Fair Day and at other groups, venues and clinics in contact with gay, bisexual and lesbian communities completed a questionnaire on sexual health. For this report, Juliet Richters, Angela Song, Garrett Prestage, Stevie Clayton and Ronnie Turner analysed responses from the 440 women who identified as lesbian, bisexual, queer or 'other' have been analysed.
Remember the Alamo

Honoring a memorialized past while being responsive to the needs of contemporary visitors is a challenge for heritage tourism managers. Visitor-employed photography (VEP) and a means–end investigation were used to identify, organize, and explain numerous descriptions of the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas. Nine images were obtained through VEP and used during 71 on-site interviews (41 Anglo and 30 Hispanic visitors). Four primary meanings about the images were articulated by visitors, including patriotism, remembering and reembracing history, multiculturalism, and identity. However, the explanations given to achieve these outcomes differed between Anglo and Hispanic respondents. Managerial implications in relation to heritage tourism sites were discussed.
A Hierarchical Causal Taxonomy of Psychopathology Across the Life Span

We propose a taxonomy of psychopathology based on patterns of shared causal influences identified in a review of multivariate behavior genetic studies that distinguish genetic and environmental influences that are either common to multiple dimensions of psychopathology or unique to each dimension. At the phenotypic level, first-order dimensions are defined by correlations among symptoms; correlations among first-order dimensions similarly define higher-order domains (e.g., internalizing or externalizing psychopathology). We hypothesize that the robust phenotypic correlations among first-order dimensions reflect a hierarchy of increasingly specific etiologic influences. Some nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk for all first-order dimensions of psychopathology to varying degrees through a general factor of psychopathology. Other nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk only for all first-order dimensions within a more specific higher-order domain. Furthermore, each first-order dimension has its own unique causal influences. Genetic and environmental influences common to family members tend to be nonspecific, whereas environmental influences unique to each individual are more dimension-specific. We posit that these causal influences on psychopathology are moderated by sex and developmental processes. This causal taxonomy also provides a novel framework for understanding the heterogeneity of each first-order dimension: Different persons exhibiting similar symptoms may be influenced by different combinations of etiologic influences from each of the 3 levels of the etiologic hierarchy. Furthermore, we relate the proposed causal taxonomy to transdimensional psychobiological processes, which also impact the heterogeneity of each psychopathology dimension. This causal taxonomy implies the need for changes in strategies for studying the etiology, psychobiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology.
Increased Ventral Striatal Volume in College-Aged Binge Drinkers

Background Binge drinking is a serious public health issue associated with cognitive, physiological, and anatomical differences from healthy individuals. No studies, however, have reported subcortical grey matter differences in this population. To address this, we compared the grey matter volumes of college-age binge drinkers and healthy controls, focusing on the ventral striatum, hippocampus and amygdala. Method T1-weighted images of 19 binge drinkers and 19 healthy volunteers were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Structural data were also covaried with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Cluster-extent threshold and small volume corrections were both used to analyze imaging data. Results Binge drinkers had significantly larger ventral striatal grey matter volumes compared to controls. There were no between group differences in hippocampal or amygdalar volume. Ventral striatal, amygdalar, and hippocampal volumes were also negatively related to AUDIT scores across groups. Conclusions Our findings stand in contrast to the lower ventral striatal volume previously observed in more severe forms of alcohol use disorders, suggesting that college-age binge drinkers may represent a distinct population from those groups. These findings may instead represent early sequelae, compensatory effects of repeated binge and withdrawal, or an endophenotypic risk factor.
Investigation of Erosion and Deposition of Sand Particles within a Pin Fin Array

The transport of particulates within both a fully developed and developing pin fin arrays is explored using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulations are carried out using the LES solver, GenIDLEST, for the fluid (carrier) phase and a Langragian approach for the particle (dispersed) phase. A grid independency study and validation case versus relevant experiments are given to lend confidence to the numerical simulations. Various Stokes numbers (0.78, 3.1 and 19.5) are explored as well as three nondimensional particle softening temperatures (θST = 0, 0.37 and 0.67). The deposition is shown to increase with decreasing particle Stokes number and thus decreasing size from 0.005% for Stp = 19.5 to 13.4% for Stp = 0.78 and is almost completely concentrated on the channel walls (99.6% 100%). The erosion potential is shown to increase with Stokes number and is highest on the pin faces. As is to be expected, the deposition increases with decreasing softening temperature from 13.4% at θST = 0.67 to 79% for θST =0. Overall, the channel walls of the array show the greatest potential for deposition. On the other hand, the pin faces show the greatest potential for erosion. Similarly, the higher Stokes number particles have more erosion potential while the lower Stokes number particles have a higher potential for erosion.
The ‘Ecological’ Probability Density Function for Linear Optic Flow: Implications for Neurophysiology

A theoretical analysis of the recovery of shape from optic flow highlights the importance of the deformation components; however, pure deforming stimuli elicit few responses from flow-sensitive neurons in the medial superior temporal (MST) area of the cerebral cortex. This finding has prompted the conclusion that MST cells are not involved in shape recovery. However, this conclusion may be unjustified in view of the emerging consensus that MST cells perform nonlinear pattern matching, rather than linear projection as implicitly assumed in many neurophysiological studies. Artificial neural models suggest that the input probability density function (PDF) is crucial in determining the distribution of responses shown by pattern-matching cells. This paper therefore describes a Monte-Carlo study of the joint PDF for linear optic-flow components produced by ego-motion in a simulated planar environment. The recent search for deformation-selective cells in MST is then used to illustrate the importance of the input PDF in determining cell characteristics. The results are consistent with the finding that MST cells exhibit a continuum of responses to translation, rotation, and divergence. In addition, there are negative correlations between the deformation and conformal components of optic flow. Consequently, if cells responsible for shape analysis are present in the MST area, they should respond best to combinations of deformation with other first-order flow components, rather than to the pure stimuli used in previous neurophysiological studies.
Identity regulation as organizational control: Producing the appropriate individual

This paper takes the regulation of identity as a focus for examining organizational control. It considers how employees are enjoined to develop self-images and work orientations that are deemed congruent with managerially defined objectives. This focus on identity extends and deepens themes developed within other analyses of normative control. Empirical materials are deployed to illustrate how managerial intervention operates, more or less intentionally and in/effectively, to influence employees' self-constructions in terms of coherence, distinctiveness and commitment. The processual nature of such control is emphasized, arguing that it exists in tension with other intra and extra-organizational claims upon employees' sense of identity in a way that can open a space for forms of micro-emancipation.
Personality of male Anglican clergy in England: Revisited using the 16PF5

Cattell's latest version of the 16PF (16PF5) was completed by a random sample of 580 male Anglican clergy whose names and addresses were provided by the Church Commissioners' payroll. These data demonstrate a distinctive profile for clergy that differs significantly from that of the general male population on 12 personality factors. In addition, these data indicate agreement on seven scales, and disagreement on eight scales, between the profiles of male clergy as measured on the old study using the 16PF4 and this study using the new version.
Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes From Population to Man to Mechanisms

Epidemic of diabetes, affecting about 3–5% of Western populations, is one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century (1). Changes in the human environment, behavior, and lifestyle have resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes in people with genetic susceptibility to diabetes. The global number of people with diabetes was 151 million in 2000, and it is projected to increase to 221 million in 2010 (an increase of 46%) both in developed and developing countries (2). Chronic hyperglycemia leads to many long-term complications in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Individuals with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, and long-lasting type 2 diabetes are at high risk of all complications of macrovascular disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. More than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes die of cardiovascular causes (3). Therefore, the epidemic of type 2 diabetes will be followed by an epidemic of diabetes-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the years, epidemiological studies have produced important information on the prevalence and incidence of diabetes complications in different populations. They have also given important information on different risk factors determining susceptibility to diabetes complications (Fig. 1). This information is crucial for mechanistic studies in physiology at the tissue level and for molecular biology studies at the cellular level. A good example is glycated hemoglobin. Several studies have indicated that glycated hemoglobin is associated with diabetes complications in prospective epidemiological studies. That information has been crucial for the planning of clinical trials to test the hypothesis that the treatment of chronic hyperglycemia leads to reduction in long-term diabetes complications. Moreover, information from epidemiology has led to several mechanistic studies and the elucidation of molecular level insights how insulin resistance and hyperglycemia lead to diabetes complications. …
Program Theory Building: A Strategy for Deriving Cumulative Evaluation Knowledge

In a recent issue of the American Journal of Evaluation, Mark (2001) challenges evaluators to “derive more cumulative knowledge from and about evaluation” (p. 471). The aim of the current study was to address this challenge by illustrating a three-phase approach for program theory building and testing. This approach is proposed as a compliment to the traditional theory-driven outcomes evaluation as a means of deriving and cumulating evaluation knowledge. Hence, this study was intended as an example of how to cumulate knowledge about evaluation practice itself. It was also intended to illustrate how knowledge can be derived from evaluation by replicating models of program theory across multiple contexts. The study concludes with a discussion of methodological issues related to developing and testing models of program theory.