Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study for the psychological profile of a Civil Military Coordination Officer as a selection tool for training

The introduction of a multidimensional approach towards peace missions in complex emergencies emphasises the importance of coordination between the military and the humanitarian components at all levels of interaction. Cooperation and coordination between the military and humanitarian components are critical in achieving a common goal to alleviate suffering and save lives. The challenge is how to develop, enhance and sustain an effective working relationship to overcome the conflicting views on coordination from the military and humanitarian perspectives. Humanitarians fear the loss of independence and neutrality when associated with the military. The military tend to undermine humanitarians role and functions in becoming directly involved in humanitarian action. During selection, the military needs to identify members who firstly conform to the generic psychological peacekeeping profile and who secondly, portray the skills, knowledge and abilities to perform the coordination function between the military and the humanitarian component. The challenge remains to select competent military members in the absence of a psychological profile for the coordination function. Through this research, the psychological profile for a Civil Military Coordination Officer is defined. In the theoretical discussion, the importance of coordination is emphasised through analyses of the challenges, roles, functions and behaviours associated with Civil Military Coordination Officers in multidimensional peace missions. The theoretical foundation and primary data from field research are integrated in a competency model for Civil Military Coordination Officers. The results of this research are presented as a model of provisional selection criteria for Civil Military Coordination Officers.
Effects of cognitive feedback on performance.

Revue de la litterature portant sur les travaux empiriques qui tentent de montrer que le feedback cognitif ameliore la performance, notamment lors de tâches de jugement. Les auteurs essaient de determiner l'aspect critique du feedback cognitif responsable de cet effet. Etude des facteurs influencant le feedback cognitif
Working memory and aging: Deficit or strategy differences?

Abstract Thirty young and 30 older subjects were administered a reading comprehension test and a working memory test involving processing of acceptable and incongruous sentences with an increasing mnemonic preload. the complexity of incongruous sentences was assumed to solicit the processing component of working memory, whereas the size of the mnemonic preload was assumed to solicit its storage component. Results suggested not only reduced working memory capacity in older subjects, but also a change in their strategies relative to both the sentence processing/word recall and the speed/accuracy trade-offs: Older subjects favored sentence processing to the detriment of word recall, and a subset of them favored accuracy to the detriment of speed when the memory load was heavy. This change of strategy was reflected by the pattern of correlations between working memory measures and reading comprehension scores, in that the best comprehension scores were reached by the fastest young subjects, but by the most ac.
Hyperglycemia is a marker for poor outcome in the postoperative pediatric cardiac patient*

Objective: Hyperglycemia in critical care populations has been shown to be a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Minimal data exist in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients. The goal of this study was to determine whether hyperglycemia in the postoperative period was associated with increased morbidity or mortality. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care, free-standing pediatric medical center with a dedicated cardiac intensive care unit. Patients: We included 184 patients <1 yr of age who underwent cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass from October 2002 to August 2004. Patients with a weight <2 kg, a preoperative diagnosis of diabetes, preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, solid organ transplant recipients, and preoperative renal or liver insufficiency were excluded. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Age was 4.3 ± 3.2 months and weight was 4.9 ± 1.7 kg at surgery. Duration of hyperglycemia was significantly longer in patients with renal insufficiency (p = .029), liver insufficiency (p = .006), infection (p < .002), central nervous system event (p = .038), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (p < .001), and death (p < .002). Duration of hyperglycemia was also significantly associated with increased intensive care (p < .001) and hospital (p < .001) stay and longer ventilator use (p < .001). Peak glucose levels were significantly different in patients with renal insufficiency (p < .001), infection (p = .002), central nervous system event (p = .01), and mortality (p < .001). Conclusions: Hyperglycemia in the postoperative period was associated with increased morbidity and mortality in postoperative pediatric cardiac patient. Strict glycemic control may improve outcomes in this patient population.
The Unstable Public-Health Ecology of the New York Metropolitan Region: Implications for Accelerated National Spread of Emerging Infection

Empirical techniques adapted from ecosystem-resilience theory allow estimation of how public health and public order within the New York Metropolitan Region respond to perturbations driven by changes in policy or economic structure. This approach constitutes a rigorous methodology for health-impact assessment, providing a quantitative measure of the stability of the region. Contrary to entrenched cultural assumption, affluent suburban counties and impoverished central-city neighborhoods remain strongly linked through a probability-of-contact matrix well indexed by the daily journey to work. The public-health ecology of the New York Metropolitan Region is remarkably unstable, greatly amplifying perturbations through mechanisms analogous to positive feedback in mechanical systems, with the single greatest influence being the percentage of the population living in poverty. Given the New York region's overwhelming dominance of national patterns for the hierarchical diffusion of disease and disorder this result has significant policy implication. More explicitly, lowering the rate of poverty in and near New York City would markedly reduce the vulnerability of the United States to emerging infection.
Education, income, and functional limitation transitions among American adults: contrasting onset and progression.

BACKGROUND Although a robust association between socioeconomic status and health has been shown in past research, the processes that explain the connection are not well understood. This paper seeks to advance such understanding in two ways, first by attending to the distinction between onset of a functional health problem and its progression, and second by addressing whether and how education and income relate differently to the onset versus progression of functional health problems. METHODS Data come from the Americans' Changing Lives survey (n = 3617). The baseline was conducted in 1986 and outcome status measured in 1994. Activity limitations are categorized into none, mild, moderate, severe. Onset is defined as having no limitation at origin and a limitation at outcome. Progression is defined as limitation of a particular severity at origin and improving, staying the same, or getting worse with respect to the severity. Multinomial regressions determine transition probabilities related to onset and progression. RESULTS Those with higher income and education are less likely to experience an onset. Only income associates with progression. Those with the highest income are most likely to improve and least likely to get worse in comparison to those with the lowest income. CONCLUSIONS Education, being determined early in life and influencing psychosocial mechanisms throughout life, may have a greater impact on prevention of activity and functional disorders. Income's role may be both as a prevention factor and as a mechanism for management of health problems.
Examining the Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Coping, and Job Satisfaction Using Social Career Cognitive Theory

Using a social cognitive career theory perspective, the relationships among self-efficacy, coping styles, and job satisfaction were examined in a sample of 314 nurses employed in regional hospitals in Taiwan. Results indicated that self-efficacy was positively associated with problem-focused coping style and job satisfaction and negatively associated with emotion-focused coping. The influence of self-efficacy on job satisfaction was indirect and partially mediated by coping styles. Psychologists and health care managers may use these findings to design relevant intervention programs to enhance nurses’ coping effectiveness and self-efficacy.
Pulmonary Antrum Radial–Linear Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Interim Analysis of a Multicenter Trial

Background—Substrate abnormality in pulmonary vein (PV) antrum plays a critical role in mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study compares the strategy of PV antrum radial–linear (PAR) ablation to encircling PV isolation for paroxysmal AF. Methods and Results—A total of 86 patients with paroxysmal AF were randomly assigned to PAR ablation group or PV isolation group. The average procedure time was 161±21 minutes in PAR ablation group and 199±39 minutes in PV isolation group (P<0.01). The average fluoroscopy time was 25±5 minutes in PAR ablation group and 32±9 minutes in PV isolation group (P<0.001). At 14 (15–12) months of follow-up after single procedure, 31 of 42 (74%) patients in PAR ablation group and 22 of 44 patients (50%) in PV isolation group had no recurrence of AF off antiarrhythmic drug (P=0.0249); and 36 of 42 patients (86%) in PAR ablation group and 26 of 44 patients (59%) in PV isolation group had no recurrence of AF with antiarrhythmic drug (P=0.006). In addition, PAR ablation resulted in greater reduction of left atrial diameter than encircling PV isolation. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that only ablation strategy was independently associated with AF recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.78; P=0.013). No major adverse event related to the procedures occurred. Conclusions—This study suggests that PAR ablation is a potentially effective strategy for treatment of paroxysmal AF warranting further investigation. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.chictr. org; Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-11001191.
The Effect of a Responsive Parenting Program on Maternal Perception of Child Temperament, Mother-Child Bonding, and Maternal Mood

Many Australian mothers attend Residential Early Parenting Programs to relieve distress and exhaustion due to child sleep and settling problems. This study extends current knowledge of programs by examining improvements in maternal and child outcomes one week after completing a three to four night Residential Responsive Parenting Program at Tweddle Child and Family Health Service; whether improvements were sustained at eight-week follow up; and whether improvements were independent of maternal mood changes. A prospective cohort study with a consecutive sample (N = 42) of predominately Australian born mothers (M = 32.6 years), with a child under 18 months (M = 9.6 months), were recruited at intake. Response rates were low (17.7%), with 29% retained at follow up. No attrition bias was detected. A RM-MANOVA (n = 12) demonstrated significant post-program improvements for maternal mood (p =.03), maternal perception of mother-child bonding (p =.03) and child temperament (p =.01), maternal sense of competence (p =.02), and maternal sleep quantity (p =.01). Child sleep quantity did not improve significantly. Improvements were sustained at follow up, additionally, maternal perception of mother-child bonding improved significantly (p =.04). Effect sizes were large (ηρ2 = .33-.53). A RM-MANCOVA (n = 24), with the covariate maternal mood difference, revealed no significant treatment effects. However, interaction effects were found with maternal perception of mother-child bonding (p =.001) and child temperament (p =.03), and maternal sense of competence (p =.04). Thus, while causation could not be attributed to the parenting program due to study design, improvements in maternal perception of mother-child bonding and child temperament, and maternal sense of competence interacted with a decrease in maternal depression symptoms. However, when maternal mood stabilized, additional improvements were perceived in mother-child bonding, suggesting that these variables are related, yet distinct concepts. Replication with a randomized, controlled study design is recommended.
Factors Affecting Sons' and Daughters' Caregiving to Older Parents

RÉSUMÉ L'aide de variables découlant de la théorie de l'attachement, cette étude examine les différences entre les sexes dans les types de soins donnés aux parents par les enfants d'âge adulte en fonction de plusieurs facteurs reposant sur la motivation et la structure. Cette étude analyse des données tirées du «Winnipeg Parent Support Project» (Projet de soutien auprès des parents de Winnipeg), qui portait sur l'aide informelle donnée par les fils et les filles âgés de 30 à 64 ans (n = 179). Soutenant les résultats d'études antérieures, l'analyse a démontré que les filles prodiguent davantage de soins que les fils. Les variables structurelles sur le plan de l'emploi, du mariage et de la présence des enfants n'ont donné aucun indicateur prévisionnel significatif sur la quantité de soins donnés par les fils et les filles. La théorie de l'attachement s'est révélée un facteur important. La dépendance perçue des parents, suivie par la fréquence des visites représentaient les plus importants facteurs d'incitation à la prestation de soins chez les fils et les filles. L'aptitude perçue des parents constituait également une variable chez les filles, mais non chez les fils. Les résultats n'ont pas soutenu la théorie d'échange: le facteur de réciprocité n'a pu permettre de prévoir le degré de participation à la prestation de soins. Les auteurs discutent de l'importance de comprendre le comportement des fils et des filles d'âge adulte qui prêtent main-forte. ABSTRACT Using variables derived from Attachment Theory, gender differences in several motivational and structural factors on the levels of care provided by adult offspring to their parents are explored. Data from the Winnipeg Parent Support Project on informal helpers who were sons and daughters between the ages of 30 and 64 (n = 79) were analysed. Consistent with previous research, adult daughters reported greater caregiving than sons. The structural variables of Employment, Marriage and Presence of Children did not emerge as significant predictors of caregiving involvement for sons or daughters. Considerable support was found for Attachment Theory. Perceived Parental Dependence, followed by Frequency of Visits, emerged as the strongest predictors of sons' and daughters' caregiving involvement. Perceived Parental Ability accounted for additional variation in daughters', but not sons', caregiving. No support was found for Exchange Theory; reciprocity did not predict caregiving involvement. Implications for understanding the helping behaviour of adult sons and daughters are discussed.
Nurse Unions and Patient Outcomes

The authors estimate the impact of nurse unions on health care quality using patient-discharge data and the universe of hospital unionization in California between 1996 and 2005. They find that hospitals with a successful union election outperform hospitals with a failed election in 12 of 13 potentially nurse-sensitive patient outcomes. Hospitals were more likely to have a unionization attempt if they were of declining quality, as measured by patient outcomes. When such differential trends are accounted for, unionized hospitals also outperform hospitals without any union election in the same 12 of 13 outcome measures. Consistent with a causal impact, the largest changes occur precisely in the year of unionization. The biggest improvements are found in the incidence of metabolic derangement, pulmonary failure, and central nervous system disorders such as depression and delusion, in which the estimated changes are between 15% and 60% of the mean incidence for those measures.
Clearance of the original hepatitis B virus YMDD‐motif mutants with emergence of distinct lamivudine‐resistant mutants during prolonged lamivudine therapy

Tyrosine‐methionine‐aspartate‐aspartate (YMDD)‐motif mutants may emerge and elicit immune clearance during prolonged lamivudine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the virological events following development of the original mutants. Twenty‐three patients who developed YMDD‐motif mutants during the Asian lamivudine trial were included. Serial serum samples from these patients were subjected to sequence analysis to identify new mutants. Site‐directed mutagenesis experiments were performed to investigate whether the new mutations were responsible for lamivudine resistance. Of the 23 patients included, 13 harbored either one or a mixture of the two common YMDD‐motif mutants (methionine 552‐to‐isoleucine [M552I] and leucine 528‐to‐methionine/methionine 552‐to‐valine [L528M/M552V]) throughout the course, whereas in the remaining 10 patients, distinct mutants became dominant over the original mutants to cause continuing chronic hepatitis. Of them, 3 developed an alanine 529‐to‐threonine (A529T) mutant, 6 developed a leucine 528‐to‐methionine/methionine 552‐to‐isoleucine (L528M/M552I) mutant, and 1 developed these two mutants sequentially. Site‐directed mutagenesis experiments confirmed that the aforementioned mutations were responsible for the resistance to lamivudine in vitro. The nucleotide substitution in the A529T mutant concomitantly generated a stop codon at the surface gene, leading to impaired secretion of HBsAg. Strikingly, the replication of this mutant was lamivudine dependent. These results suggested that distinct lamivudine‐resistant mutants could emerge and replace the original YMDD‐motif mutants as the cause of continuing chronic hepatitis during prolonged lamivudine therapy.
Trans* Individuals’ Experiences of Gendered Language with Health Care Providers: Recommendations for Practitioners

ABSTRACT. This study highlights the experiences of trans* individuals in regard to the use of gendered language by their medical providers. A total of 20 individual interviews were conducted with trans*-identified individuals. Thematic analysis was used to analyze participants’ responses. Participants discussed both positive and negative experiences with gendered language in a health care setting. Four primary themes emerged through their experiences that were then used to develop recommendations for providers interested in improving the health care of trans* individuals: (a) medical forms; (b) insurance sex versus gender identity; (c) binary language; and (d) whole person, well-being care.
Studies on the development of the isoantigens of the H-2 system in newborn mice.

Summary 1.Erythrocytes and spleen cells from C3H mice were insensitive to humoral H-2-isoantibodies until 2–3 days after birth. Adult reactivity was reached after 6–10 days. 2.Newborn, less than 1 ½-day-old C3H mice were able to absorb intravenously injected antiserum. 3.Erythrocytes of less than 1 ½-day-old C3H mice could not absorb H-2-isoantibodies in vitro . 4.Spleen, liver and kidney cells of less than 1 ½-day-old C3H mice were able to absorb isoantibodies in vitro . 5.Erythrocytes and spleen cells of newborn CBA and A mice were insensitive to humoral isoantibodies at 1 ½ days after birth. 6.Erythrocytes and spleen cells of newborn C57B1 and C57L mice were sensitive to humoral isoantibodies from the day of birth. 7.Immunization of adult C57L mice with x-irradiated spleen cells of less than 1 ½ day old C3H mice gave rise to humoral antibodies.The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
The functions of extraposition in English texts

Complex clause structures commonly referred to as extraposition represent the speaker's/writer's attitude in the structural configuration of a matrix finite clause. This makes available the Transitivity and Mood choices open to finite clauses and thereby the presentation of the attitudinal meaning as an explicit and negotiable proposition, the source of which is concealed by assigning modal responsibility to the impersonal subject it and not to the person who holds the opinion. Furthermore, initial position in the clause complex assigns thematic status to the attitudinal meaning, thus making it the perspective from which the content of the extraposed clause is interpreted. This study investigates to what extent these experiential, interpersonal and textual properties are reflected in variations in the use of extraposition in different text types in a corpus of British English.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the larynx (Stage IE)

Four cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) limited to the larynx are described. All were diffuse, highgrade, B‐cell lymphomas of large lymphoid cell type (three centroblastic and one immunoblastic). Immunocytochemistry was performed on three cases; two showed monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and one showed monoclonal surface immunoglobulin. In three cases, complete remission was obtained with radical radiotherapy; the fourth patient died suddenly of acute laryngeal obstruction. The cases are compared with other reports of laryngeal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the literature. The biologic behavior of these tumors has many features in common with other extranodal lymphomas arising from mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (e.g., a tendency to remain localized for long periods of time and to disseminate to other extranodal and unusual sites, with good response to radiotherapy for both the primary tumor and extranodal recurrences).
Preparing Preservice Teachers to Partner with Parents and Communities: An Analysis of College of Education Faculty Focus Groups

At both state and federal levels, partnerships of schools, parents, and communities have become an educational priority. Are teacher education programs adequately preparing preservice teachers for these partnerships? Focus groups of College of Education (COE) faculty from five Illinois Professional Learner’s Partnership universities were conducted to answer this question. This study is organized around key themes that emerged from the discussions: importance of including the topic in teacher preparation programs; difficulties with the topic regarding cultural issues; negative preservice teacher attitudes about parents; differences in parent involvement at elementary and secondary levels; mixed messages given to preservice teachers by experienced teachers; inadequacy of the traditional teacher preparation program and student teaching experience to provide students with enough parent and community partnering opportunities; and the necessity of stressing collaboration and communication in teacher education. The theme selections were based on how frequently they were mentioned by different participants. The focus group discussions gener ated rich data and offered participants the opportunity to share their concerns about the topic.