Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Singapore's Little India: A Tourist Attraction as a Contested Landscape

This paper explores Singapore's Little India historic district as an example of a contested urban landscape. Specifically, it argues that Little India is a site of struggle between 'insider' and 'outsider' groups. Using primarily Relph's notion of 'insideness' and 'outsideness', and other concepts dealing with spatial resistance and domination, different groups of people with differing degrees of attachment to Little India are identified. The insider-outsider cleavage is interrogated from three perspectives: the relationship between tourists and locals; ethnic tensions between Indian and Chinese communities; and, interaction between planners and users of the urban landscape. In exploring the myriad insider-outsider dynamics, it is contended that who represents an 'insider' and who is considered an 'outsider' is open to negotiation. This is because different people possess differing conceptions of 'inside ness', in turn giving rise to varying senses of attachment and belonging to place. This paper critiques existing tourism writings which focus predominantly on the relationship between tourists and locals, and it argues that in any tourist destination the tourist-local conflict is only one aspect of a much larger struggle over place. For this reason, urban tourism studies must focus on the wider arena in which the tourist-local interaction is set.
Rhizobium Promotes Non-Legumes Growth and Quality in Several Production Steps: Towards a Biofertilization of Edible Raw Vegetables Healthy for Humans

The biofertilization of crops with plant-growth-promoting microorganisms is currently considered as a healthy alternative to chemical fertilization. However, only microorganisms safe for humans can be used as biofertilizers, particularly in vegetables that are raw consumed, in order to avoid sanitary problems derived from the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the final products. In the present work we showed that Rhizobium strains colonize the roots of tomato and pepper plants promoting their growth in different production stages increasing yield and quality of seedlings and fruits. Our results confirmed those obtained in cereals and alimentary oil producing plants extending the number of non-legumes susceptible to be biofertilized with rhizobia to those whose fruits are raw consumed. This is a relevant conclusion since safety of rhizobia for human health has been demonstrated after several decades of legume inoculation ensuring that they are optimal bacteria for biofertilization.
Systematic Ventriculographic Studies in Infants Born with Meningomyelocele and Encephalocele*

Increasing experience and the introduction of new techniques in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus demand its earliest possible recognition and knowledge of its natural history. By far the commonest type of congenital hydrocephalus is the one associated with a meningomyelocele or encephalocele. The presence of hydrocephalus in such infants should be suspected at birth, simply because the association is so common.
You said that?

We present a method for generating a video of a talking face. The method takes as inputs: (i) still images of the target face, and (ii) an audio speech segment; and outputs a video of the target face lip synched with the audio. The method runs in real time and is applicable to faces and audio not seen at training time. To achieve this we propose an encoder-decoder CNN model that uses a joint embedding of the face and audio to generate synthesised talking face video frames. The model is trained on tens of hours of unlabelled videos. We also show results of re-dubbing videos using speech from a different person.
Diffusion and focusing: Phonological variation and social networks In Ile-Ife, Nigeria

ABSTRACT This article reports on the application of the concept of social network to the process of language usage among Yoruba-speaking city dwellers in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria. The study, modeled on L. Milroy (1980), focuses mainly on phonetic/phonological variation within Common Spoken Yoruba (CmSpY). The analysis of the data gathered mainly within face-to-face interviews shows that, whereas we can claim that there is stratification within CmSpY on the basis of sociodemographic factors, the variable of social network manifests a powerful influence on variation in Yoruba language usage and potential change within CmSpY in Ile-Ife. (Linguistic variation, social networks, linguistic focusing)
Elliptic and Hyperbolic Dielectric Lens Antennas in mm-Waves

Dielectric lenses can substantially improve antenna parameters, especially the planarity of radiated waves and the antenna gain. The paper deals with their application in millimeter-wave band. The main goal concerns the introduction of characteristics and differences between the most commonly used types of dielectric lens antennas, i.e. elliptic and hyperbolic. Their particular features as well as behavior of radiating systems incorporating the lenses are investigated. Specific features of these lenses are discussed for both, near-field and farfield based on simulation and measurement results.
The effects of pre-enrolment emotions and peer group interaction on students’ satisfaction

Abstract Higher education institutions are increasingly involved in measuring students' satisfaction and communicating messages to prospective, current, and previous students. A review of the literature suggests that institutions have traditionally focused on cognitive rather than affective measures, and have communicated messages in a media environment that could be dominated by the institution. This paper seeks to contribute by investigating the role of peer-to-peer social network media in evoking emotions about attending university prior to enrolment and subsequent satisfaction with it. A two-stage study involving 519 prospective students from a UK higher education institution were asked about their cognition and emotions one month prior to enrolment and again one month after. Hypotheses related their involvement in online peer-to-peer media to their perceived level of satisfaction, emotions evoked, and likelihood of recommending the institution. It was found that emotions were a better predictor of likelihood of recommendation than cognitive measures of satisfaction. Positive emotions evoked during the pre-enrolment phase led to positive emotions post-enrolment. There was an association between prospective students' level of involvement with online communities prior to enrolment and their level of evoked positive emotions.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Greek Adaptation of the PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition; DSM-IV) conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes three symptom clusters or sequelae: reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal. The PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C) is based on the DSM-IV criteria. In the current study, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the PCL-C using a sample of 312 adults. We examined whether the Greek adaptation of the PCL-C evidenced the three-factor solution given by the DSM-IV symptom cluster or the four-factor solution implied in other studies. The EFA was used to extract three- and four-factor solutions. The EFA identified a three-factor solution that included reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal supporting the DSM-IV PTSD symptoms.
An investigation of the influence of heritage tourism on local people's sense of place: the Macau youth's experience

With Macau making inroads into heritage tourism, Macau people are given a push to rediscover the city's heritage values. This renewed sense of appreciation has afforded locals across all levels of society a new perspective of their homeland. As such, with heritage tourism continuing to blossom in a heritage-minded society, inhabitants' sense of place (SOP) may be affected accordingly. Although tourism research literature does not lack timely discussions of Macau's heritage tourism, no studies to date have effectively explored the influence of heritage tourism on Macau people's SOP. Owing to this, the present study aims to investigate the influence of heritage tourism on SOP among young people in Macau.
Diverse Peptide Presentation of Rhesus Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Mamu-A*02 Revealed by Two Peptide Complex Structures and Insights into Immune Escape of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)-restricted CD8+ T-cell responses play a pivotal role in anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunity and the control of viremia. The rhesus macaque is an important animal model for HIV-related research. Among the MHC I alleles of the rhesus macaque, Mamu-A*02 is prevalent, presenting in ≥20% of macaques. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of Mamu-A*02, the second structure-determined MHC I from the rhesus macaque after Mamu-A*01. The peptide presentation characteristics of Mamu-A*02 are exhibited in complex structures with two typical Mamu-A*02-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes, YY9 (Nef159 to -167; YTSGPGIRY) and GY9 (Gag71 to -79; GSENLKSLY), derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). These two peptides utilize similar primary anchor residues (Ser or Thr) at position 2 and Tyr at position 9. However, the central region of YY9 is different from that of GY9, a difference that may correlate with the immunogenic variance of these peptides. Further analysis indicated that the distinct conformations of these two peptides are modulated by four flexible residues in the Mamu-A*02 peptide-binding groove. The rare combination of these four residues in Mamu-A*02 leads to a variant presentation for peptides with different residues in their central regions. Additionally, in the two structures of the Mamu-A*02 complex, we compared the binding of rhesus and human β2 microglobulin (β2m) to Mamu-A*02. We found that the peptide presentation of Mamu-A*02 is not affected by the interspecies interaction with human β2m. Our work broadens the understanding of CD8+ T-cell-specific immunity against SIV in the rhesus macaque.
Static analysis of event-driven Node.js JavaScript applications

Many JavaScript programs are written in an event-driven style. In particular, in server-side Node.js applications, operations involving sockets, streams, and files are typically performed in an asynchronous manner, where the execution of listeners is triggered by events. Several types of programming errors are specific to such event-based programs (e.g., unhandled events, and listeners that are registered too late). We present the event-based call graph, a program representation that can be used to detect bugs related to event handling. We have designed and implemented three analyses for constructing event-based call graphs. Our results show that these analyses are capable of detecting problems reported on StackOverflow. Moreover, we show that the number of false positives reported by the analysis on a suite of small Node.js applications is manageable.
How voice call technology poses security threats in 4G LTE networks

To support voice calls vital to mobile users and carriers, 4G LTE cellular networks adopt two solutions: VoLTE (Voice Over LTE) and CSFB (Circuit-Switched FallBack). In this paper, we disclose that both schemes are harmful to mobile users from a security perspective. The adoption of the latest VoLTE allows an attacker to manipulate the radio resource states of the victim's device in a silent call attack, thereby draining the victim's battery 5-8 times faster. CSFB exhibits two vulnerabilities of exposing 4G↔3G network switch to adversaries. This can be further exploited to launch ping-pong attacks where mobile users may suffer from up to 91.5% performance downgrade, or 4G denial-of-service (DoS) attacks where mobile users are deprived of 4G LTE connectivity without their consent. We devise two proof-of-concept attacks as showcases, and demonstrate their viability over operational LTE networks. We analyze their root causes and uncover that the problems lie in seemingly sound design decisions for functional correctness but such choices bear unexpected and intriguing implications for security design. We finally propose remedies to mitigate the attack damage.
Risk factors for injury to married women from domestic violence in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVE To examine risk factors for injury to married women from domestic violence in Hong Kong. DESIGN Case control study. SETTING Regional public hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS All married women aged 18 to 60 years who attended an accident and emergency department for treatment of a domestic violence injury from January 2004 to June 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Social and health characteristics of abused women and their husbands. RESULTS A total of 293 cases were compared to 313 controls. Eight predictive variables were found to be significant by univariate analysis: woman who is a new immigrant (P = 0.003), woman with no job (P = 0.019), husband with low educational level (P < 0.001), presence of extramarital affairs (P < 0.001), husband's unemployment (P < 0.001), husband's alcohol abuse (P < 0.001), husband's illicit drug abuse (P = 0.032), husband's mental illness (P < 0.001). Five factors were found to be significant in a logistic regression analysis: husband with a low educational level (nil to primary) [adjusted odds ratio = 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.149-6.727], husband unemployed (adjusted odds ratio = 9.031; 95% confidence interval, 5.163-15.796), presence of extramarital affairs (adjusted odds ratio = 5.218; 95% confidence interval, 2.899-9.395), husband's alcohol abuse (adjusted odds ratio = 6.089; 95% confidence interval, 3.460-10.716), husband's mental illness (adjusted odds ratio = 9.443; 95% confidence interval, 2.351-37.926). CONCLUSIONS Several significant risk factors have been identified for injury incurred during domestic violence to married women in Hong Kong. It provides information useful for developing local preventive strategies.
Focal Experimental Injury Leads to Widespread Gene Expression and Histologic Changes in Equine Flexor Tendons

It is not known how extensively a localised flexor tendon injury affects the entire tendon. This study examined the extent of and relationship between histopathologic and gene expression changes in equine superficial digital flexor tendon after a surgical injury. One forelimb tendon was hemi-transected in six horses, and in three other horses, one tendon underwent a sham operation. After euthanasia at six weeks, transected and control (sham and non-operated contralateral) tendons were regionally sampled (medial and lateral halves each divided into six 3cm regions) for histologic (scoring and immunohistochemistry) and gene expression (real time PCR) analysis of extracellular matrix changes. The histopathology score was significantly higher in transected tendons compared to control tendons in all regions except for the most distal (P ≤ 0.03) with no differences between overstressed (medial) and stress-deprived (lateral) tendon halves. Proteoglycan scores were increased by transection in all but the most proximal region (P < 0.02), with increased immunostaining for aggrecan, biglycan and versican. After correcting for location within the tendon, gene expression for aggrecan, versican, biglycan, lumican, collagen types I, II and III, MMP14 and TIMP1 was increased in transected tendons compared with control tendons (P < 0.02) and decreased for ADAMTS4, MMP3 and TIMP3 (P < 0.001). Aggrecan, biglycan, fibromodulin, and collagen types I and III expression positively correlated with all histopathology scores (P < 0.001), whereas lumican, ADAMTS4 and MMP14 expression positively correlated only with collagen fiber malalignment (P < 0.001). In summary, histologic and associated gene expression changes were significant and widespread six weeks after injury to the equine SDFT, suggesting rapid and active development of tendinopathy throughout the entire length of the tendon. These extensive changes distant to the focal injury may contribute to poor functional outcomes and re-injury in clinical cases. Our data suggest that successful treatments of focal injuries will need to address pathology in the entire tendon, and that better methods to monitor the development and resolution of tendinopathy are required.
Narrative structure: Some contrasts between Maori and Pakeha story-telling

The cultural patterns of the indigenous New Zealand Maori differ from those of the Pakeha, the European colonisers. Preferred ways of communicating differ and this can result in misunderstandings. This paper explores socio-cultural differences in one particular speech function - story-telling. Structural differences in Maori and Pakeha narratives are examined from two main perspectives: firstly, in terms of the way the narrative is presented by the story-teller, and, secondly, in terms of the listener's response to the narrative. Patterns are identified which tend to characterise Maori stories more often than Pakeha. Maori narrators sometimes dispense with structural components, such as the resolution and coda, which are generally present in Pakeha stories. They also rely on context to indicate speakerhood in reported speech more often than Pakeha narrators. Maori listeners tend to provide less explicit verbal feedback, and ask fewer questions during a narration than Pakeha. The patterns identified are discussed in terms of their implications for potential cross-cultural communication problems
KCTD5 and Ubiquitin Proteasome Signaling Are Required for Helicobacter pylori Adherence

In order to establish infection, bacterial pathogens modulate host cellular processes by using virulence factors, which are delivered from the bacteria to the host cell leading to cellular reprogramming. In this context, several pathogens regulate the ubiquitin proteasome system in order to regulate the cellular effectors required for their successful colonization and persistance. In this study, we investigated how Helicobacter pylori affect the ubiquitination of the host proteins to achieve the adherence to the cells, using AGS gastric epithelial cells cultured with H. pylori strains, H. pylori 26695 and two isogenic mutants H. pylori cag::cat and vacA::apha3, to characterize the ability of H. pylori to reprogram the ubiquitin proteasome systems. The infection assays suggest that the ubiquitination of the total proteins does not change when cells were co-culture with H. pylori. We also found that the proteasome activity is necessary for H. pylori adhesion to AGS cells and the adherence increases when the level of KCTD5, an adaptor of Cullin-3, decrease. Moreover, we found that KCTD5 is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome system and that CagA and VacA played no role on reducing KCTD5 levels. Furthermore, H. pylori impaired KCTD5 ubiquitination and did not increase global proteasome function. These results suggest that H. pylori affect the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to facilitate the adhesion of this microorganism to establish stable colonization in the gastric epithelium and improve our understanding of how H. pylori hijack host systems to establish the adherence.
The distinctive characteristics of foreign language teachers

This paper aims to extend our understanding of what it means to be a language teacher by examining ways in which language teachers are seen to be different to teachers of other subjects. Language teachers’ distinctiveness was defined by over 200 practising and prospective language teachers from a range of contexts, and the analysis also included the opinions of specialists in mathematics, history, science and chemistry on the extent to which characteristics claimed to be distinctive of language teachers applied to these other subjects. The findings of the study suggest that language teachers are seen to be distinctive in terms of the nature of the subject, the content of teaching, the teaching methodology, teacher-learner relationships, and contrasts between native and non-native speakers. The study also raises methodological and conceptual issues of relevance to further research into this area. Key amongst these are the need to define language teachers’ distinctive characteristics with reference to specific contexts rather than globally, the importance of comparisons between insider views on such distinctiveness and those from outside language teaching, and the value of comparative studies of actual classroom practices of language teaching and other subjects.
Recovery following an Ironman triathlon: A case study

Abstract Completion of an Ironman triathlon results in muscle damage, indicated by reductions in muscle function and muscle soreness. However, the time course of recovery from this damage has received little attention. The purpose of this case study was to examine the time course of changes in blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation, muscle function, muscle soreness, and economy of motion following an Ironman event. An experienced well-trained male triathlete aged 35 years completed the Western Australian Ironman triathlon in 11 h 38 min 41 s (winner's time: 8 h 3 min 56 s). Before and on several occasions in the 15 days after the event, the participant performed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, running economy test at 12 km · h−1 (2% incline), maximal isometric knee flexion and extension at 90° knee flexion, and maximal squat and countermovement jumps. Venous blood samples and muscle soreness were also assessed. Maximal oxygen consumption, efficiency of motion, maximal muscle strength, and jump performance were all markedly reduced (4.5–54%) following the event, but returned to baseline within 15, 8, 2, and 8 days following the event, respectively. Muscle soreness and blood markers peaked 2–24 h after the race but returned to baseline within 8 days. In conclusion, although the Ironman triathlon induces marked muscle damage, a trained triathlete recovered almost completely within approximately one week, without the use of any therapeutic interventions after the event.