Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capital goods trade and R&D spillovers in the OECD

In this paper the significance of capital goods trade as conduit for R&D spillovers is investigated and the impact of international R&D spillovers on OECD countries is quantita- tively assessed. Capital goods trade is tested against non-capital goods trade, and knowledge embodied in trade flows is evaluated vis-a-vis R&D spillovers in disembodied form. Our estimation indicates that about half of the return on R&D investment in a G7 country spilled over to other OECD countries. Trade in capital goods was found to be a significant channel of R&D spillovers, although the majority of the R&D spillovers in the OECD were transmitted
Spanish Football Clubs Finances: Crisis and Player Salaries

This paper shows the current financial situation of Spanish professional football. Different financial ratios are used in order to classify the financial position of the different teams. The study has been split between clubs in First or Second division. We also analyze the relationships between the size of market, team payrolls, and team performance. We demonstrate the financial problems created by the arms race that clubs have started for getting the most talented players for trying to get the best possible sporting outcome. The new Spanish Law for companies in financial distress has implied that nine clubs are technically insolvent and under administration. We have searched for possible explanations of that situation. Nevertheless, our financial variables do not explain the likelihood that a club goes into administration.
Business angel syndicates: an exploratory study of gatekeepers

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of the individuals who control access to and manage much of the day-to-day operation of informal investment syndicates. We give these people the name business angel gatekeepers. Guided by an analytical framework developed from the research and development literature, empirical findings are presented from a series of in-depth interviews with a representative sample of Scotland-based gatekeepers. The paper proposes a definition of the term ‘business angel gatekeeper’, identifies the function and roles of gatekeepers and examines the skills required to perform the role. The paper concludes by considering the implications for stakeholders in the business angel market.
Mouse coat colour mutations: A molecular genetic resource which spans the centuries

In trod u ct io n In the study of most biological systems, geneticists hold the trump cards. Mutations which perturb a developmental system are usually extremely revealing of the normal processes affected. The development of mouse pigment is an ideal system for study of a number of different processes and illustrates the advantages of the geneticist's approach. From the cell biologist's point of view, pigment is produced by a single cell type, the melanocyte, which can be grown in v im. where it maintains its phenotype. The site of synthesis of the melanin pigment is a specialised organelle, the melanosome, within which are located the enzymes required for synthesis. An embryologist observes that during development ckin melanocytes originate from neurectodermal tissue of the neural crcst and migrate to the dermis where they interact with other cells in the hair follicle and turn on particular pigmentation pathways. A molecular biologist sees that the cells express well-defined and interesting genes in a highly tissue specific manner. Genetics, however, is the key to unlock all these processed'"). Mouse coat colour genetics has been studied since the turn of the century, and this genetic information is now permitting dissection of melanocyte development down to the molecular level. Pigment has the useful property of being totally ablatable, with no effect on the viability of the mouse. Thus over many years a great number of mutations have been identified that affect mouse coat colour in many different ways. Some of these mutations have their origins in the mouse fancy, mouse variants being kept for their aesthetic appeal since the early 19th century''). Others have arisen spontaneously among the many millions of mice that havc been maintained in laboratories since their use as an experimental species began. Inbreeding regimes followed in many mouse colonies means that there is a good probability that a new recessive mutation will appear as a homozygotc in subsequent generations. These mutations have been mapped to more than SO loci throughout the mouse genomc. Genes which have multiple mutant alleles offer the best opportunity for genetic analysis, and a fcw of these loci have large numbers of alleles. Six in particular, listed in Tablc 1 , have recessive alleles that are used in the specific locus mutation tests. which non-ugouti a 2 brown b 4 rhirirh illa p z 7 dilicte d 9 pink-eyed dilution p 7 piebald S 14 short ear . ye 9
The Relationship between Leisure Outsourcing and Specificity: Performance and Management Perception in Hotels in the Canary Islands

The objective of this article is to determine the factors that influence the outsourcing of leisure services in the hotel business. First, this work studies the relationship between the specificity of the hotel leisure activity and the activity’s performance depending on whether it is outsourced or retained in house. Second, the article analyzes the extent to which the perceived advantages can extend the strategy of outsourcing hotel leisure services. Third, the work analyzes the influence of outsourcing hotel leisure services on organizational performance. The results obtained indicate that there is a positive relationship between specificity and performance of the activity when it is carried out in house. They also show that the advantages that give this strategy greater potential for further use are related to greater concentration on core competences. On the other hand, it was shown that hotels that have outsourced leisure services have better organizational performance, especially nonfinancial.
Three new species of Parastenocarididae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from India.

To date, only 16 species of the very diverse family Parastenocarididae have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. This paper gives an illustrated description of three new species, viz. Parastenocaris edakkal n. sp. , Proserpinicaris corgosinhoi n. sp. , and Proserpinicaris karanovici n. sp. , and discusses their position in the respective genera. While the first two species were found sympatrically in the Edakkal Cave in Kerala State of southwestern India, the third one was collected from a farm bore in the riparian zone of the River Krishna in Andhra Pradesh State of southeastern India. The Palaearctic genus Proserpinicaris Jakobi, 1972 sensu Karanovic, Cho & Lee, 2012, is being reported for the first time from India. Parastenocaris edakkal n. sp. belongs to the brevipes-group of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 sensu Lang, 1948 et Reid, 1995. It is chiefly characterized by the male leg 4 basal chitinous complex consisting of one large sclerotized plate together with two small accessory lobes, and one strong, hook-like spine at the inner distal corner, and the endopod is membranous and ventricose in outline, with bulbous proximal part drawn out distally into biserrulate, pointed structure. Proserpinicaris corgosinhoi n. sp. can be easily separated from its congeners, inter alia, by the short caudal rami (c.1.2-1.4 times as long as wide), bearing 2 unequal lateral setae (I, III) inserted proximally; male leg 3 proximal segment is stumpy and has one prominent tubular pore on proximal anterior surface; and leg 4 endopod is short, membranous and somewhat conical, and the hyaline structure is relatively large, foliaceous and lies rather close to endopod. Proserpinicaris karanovici n. sp. has its own unique set of characters, of which the following are noteworthy: the caudal rami in both sexes are about 2.6 times as long as wide, gradually tapering, with only 2 lateral setae inserted in proximal half; and the male leg 4 endopod is nearly as long as first exopodal segment, membranous, with lateral margins fringed with tiny spinules, and the hyaline structure is short, leaf-like and occurring close to, and overlapping, the endopod.
Should the symptomatic region be included in dissemination in space in MRI criteria for MS?

Objectives: To investigate whether inclusion of lesions in the symptomatic region influences the performance of dissemination in space (DIS) criteria for a diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Methods: We studied 30 patients with CIS with brainstem/cerebellar and spinal cord syndromes who had MRI scans at the time of CIS and were followed up for the development of CDMS. We retrospectively applied the McDonald 2010 DIS criteria (excluding all lesions in the symptomatic region) to baseline MRI scans and 2 modified DIS criteria: (1) the inclusion of asymptomatic lesions in the symptomatic region in DIS, and (2) the inclusion of any lesion in the symptomatic region in DIS. The performance of the McDonald 2010 DIS criteria and the 2 modified criteria for the development of CDMS was compared. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the DIS criteria was, respectively, 73%, 73%, and 73% for the McDonald 2010 criteria, 80%, 73%, and 77% when asymptomatic lesions in the symptomatic region were included, and 87%, 73%, and 80% when any lesion in the symptomatic region was included in DIS. Conclusions: Including lesions in the symptomatic region in DIS increases the sensitivity of MRI criteria for diagnosing multiple sclerosis without compromising specificity. These findings may help inform future revisions of the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with CIS, including lesions in the symptomatic region as part of the criteria for DIS does not significantly increase the accuracy for predicting the development of CDMS. The study lacks the precision to detect an important change in accuracy.
Integrating TQM and HRM to achieve a higher knowledge sharing in Malaysian service firms: an SEM approach

The research paper empirically examines the influence of the six total quality management/human resource management (TQM/HRM) practices on employees' knowledge sharing behaviour, with the Malaysian service organisations being the main focus. One hundred and five data was collected from the managers working in the Malaysian service firms and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was used to analyse the data gathered. From the results generated, it was concluded that the selected TQM/HRM practices was partially correlated with the knowledge sharing behaviour, with leadership being the most dominant factor. In terms of originality, this study has contributed in the advancement and enhancement of the TQM/HRM literature with a more comprehensive comprehension of the multidimensionality of TQM practices and its relationship with knowledge sharing that would assist more quality management research in developing nations.
Determinants of variations in state per capita personal income: a panel data approach

This article employs a panel data analysis to examine factors that affect variations in state real per capita personal income (PCPI) by using a panel of 48 contiguous US states over the period 1950–2000. The preferred Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) approach reveals that the important explanatory variables are, respectively, the percentage of the population with a college education (COLLEGE), the percentage of the population with a high school education (HIGHSCHOOL), the percentage of the population employed in the manufacturing sector (MANUFACTURING), the percentage of population employed in the service sector (SERVICE) and the percentage of the population that was African American (BLACK). The results are found to be sensitive to estimation technique, suggesting formal model misspecification tests are required in order to choose an approach with better statistical properties.
Does the Provision of Non?Audit Services Impair Auditor Independence?

The provision of management advisory and other services by auditors to their audit clients has long been regarded, by regulators in Australia and overseas, as a threat to auditor independence. Evidence of the impact of non? audit services on auditors' independence has been derived using case studies and questionnaires and has focused on perceptions of independence. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the provision of non? audit services impairs auditor independence by testing for an association between the provision of non? audit services and auditors' reporting opinions. Based on publicly available information for Australian listed companies for several years, the evidence suggests that auditors' decisions to qualify their opinions are not affected by the provision of non? audit services.
Histological and Confocal Changes in Rabbit Cornea Produced by an Intrastromal Inlay Made of Hexafocon A

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility of a newly proposed intrastromal inlay in rabbit corneas. Methods: Eighteen eyes of 9 New Zealand rabbits were included in this prospective study. An intrastromal pocket was created in both eyes using Melles instruments. Annular intracorneal inlays made of hexafocon A were implanted randomly into the stromal pocket of one eye of each rabbit. Confocal microscopy was performed at each visit during 6-month follow-up. After 6 months, the rabbits were killed and corneal tissues of both eyes were sent for light microscopic studies. Results: Mild stromal edema was present during the first few days and disappeared afterward with mild haze around the tunnel site in all cases. Deposits around the lamellar channel developed in 3 implanted eyes and in none of the pocket-only eyes. No neovascularization or epithelial downgrowth was present at the incision site in any case. All inlays remained centered and optically clear. In confocal imaging, we observed no significant difference in keratocyte cell density and inflammatory cells between the control pocket-only group and inlay group. In pathological evaluation, there was no difference in the average epithelial thickness between both groups. Descemet membrane and endothelium appeared normal in both groups. Conclusions: This study revealed safety and biocompatibility of hexafocon A as an intracorneal inlay in rabbits.
Corporate Takeovers, Strategic Objectives, and Acquiring-Firm Shareholder Wealth

I investigate the strategic objectives and stock price performance of acquiring firms. The results support both the asymmetric information hypothesis (acquiring-firm shareholders earn higher returns following cash offers) and also the strategic alignment hypothesis (acquiring-firm shareholders earn higher returns following takeovers that expand the firm’s operations geographically or increase its market share). Further analysis shows that shareholder losses are limited primarily to those takeovers based on diversification strategies, when the acquiring firm cites potential overlap with its existing operations. The latter firms tend to have more favorable growth opportunities prior to the takeover announcement.
Competencies Required for Digital Curation: An Analysis of Job Advertisements

With digital curation’s increasingly important role in the fast-paced and data-intensive information environment, there is a need to identify a set of competencies for professionals in this growing field. As part of a curriculum development project funded by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services, a total of 173 job advertisements posted between October 2011 and April 2012 were collected from various sources to take into account varying types of professionals in the field of digital curation across North America. Position title, institution types and location, educational background, experience, knowledge and skills, and duties were examined and analyzed. The results of the analysis show that digital curation jobs are characterized by a complex interplay of various skills and knowledge. The findings of this study present emerging requirements for a qualified workforce in the field of digital curation.
Over- and undereducation in the UK graduate labour market

ABSTRACT The authors examine the apparent underutilisation of the skills of employed graduates. As in the USA, concern has arisen in Britain over the numbers of graduates working in jobs which might be carried out equally well by those with subdegree qualifications. The authors discuss whether or not overeducation represents a serious problem, outlining theoretical explanations of over- and undereducation. Two measures of over/undereducation are then used to examine the British graduate jobs market. Drawing on Labour Force Survey data, the authors relate over- and undereducation to a range of personal and employment characteristics. They conclude that the significance of the problem of overeducation can be exaggerated, since it may represent a rational response of individuals to labour market conditions. They also point out that undereducation—where people hold graduate-level jobs without possessing degrees—is a form of labour market advantage which accrues disproportionately to white males.
The role of customer satisfaction in achieving business excellence

The consumer satisfaction category has the main position in marketing theory and is based on the premise that the profit is made through the process of satisfaction of consumers' demands, i.e. achievement of their satisfaction. Researches continually confirm a significant correlation between satisfaction and repeated buying, greater brand loyalty and spreading a positive opinion of the product. The model of consumers' buying decisions described in this paper consists of five consecutive phases of consumer behaviour through the buying process: product perceiving phase (offered product with all producer's factors of competitiveness from the consumer's point of view); value estimation phase (weighting benefits and sacrifices); comparing the values of different products and decision-making phase (comparing alternative options); action phase (realization of the decision); and consumer's state of mind after buying action phase (satisfaction with the product). There are several aspects that should be taken into consideration from the producer's (seller's) point of view in order to implement successfully the concept of customer satisfaction.
Impact of sleep apnea on in-hospital outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: insight from National Inpatient Sample database 2011-2014.

BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is associated with worse outcomes following various kinds of surgeries. There is a paucity of data on the association of sleep apnea with clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). METHODS We used National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data 2011-2014 to identify patients undergoing TAVR. Association between sleep apnea and in-hospital postoperative outcomes were assessed by multivariate logistic regression and 1:1 propensity score matching analyses. RESULTS Of 42,189 patients who received TAVR, 4,605 patients (10.9%) had sleep apnea. Patients with sleep apnea were more likely to be younger and male with higher prevalences of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, pulmonary hypertension and obesity who less frequently received transapical access than those without sleep apnea. The group with sleep apnea had less bleeding requiring transfusion (8.6% vs. 11.9%, P=0.01) than the counterpart. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of sleep apnea was no longer independently associated with any of the studied outcomes including all-cause mortality (OR 0.95; 95% CI: 0.64-1.42), stroke (OR 1.08; 95% CI: 0.65-1.81), myocardial infarction (OR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.36-1.22), acute respiratory failure (OR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.72-1.23), pneumothorax (OR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.26-1.59), vascular complication (OR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.69-1.22), bleeding requiring transfusion (OR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.65-1.11), acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (OR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.53-1.66) and permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 1.12; 95% CI: 0.87-1.43). The length and cost of hospital stay were not affected by sleep apnea, either. CONCLUSIONS With a prevalence of 10.9%, the presence of sleep apnea was not independently associated with postoperative in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR in NIS data 2011 to 2014.
Incremental Temporal Pattern Mining Using Efficient Batch-Free Stream Clustering

This paper address the problem of temporal pattern mining from multiple data streams containing temporal events. Temporal events are considered as real world events aligned with comprehensive starting and ending timing information rather than simple integer timestamps. Predefined relations, such as "before" and "after", describe the heterogeneous relationships hidden in temporal data with limited diversity. In this work, the relationships among events are learned dynamically from the temporal information. Each event is treated as an object with a label and numerical attributes. An online-offline model is used as the primary structure for analyzing the evolving multiple streams. Different distance functions on temporal events and sequences can be applied depending on the application scenario. A prefix tree is introduced for a fast incremental pattern update. Events in the real world usually persist for some period. It is more natural to model events as intervals with temporal information rather than as points on the timeline. Based on the representation proposed in this work, our approach can also be extended to handle interval data. Experiments show how the method, with richer information and more accurate results than the state-of-the-art, processes both point-based and interval-based event streams efficiently.