Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Midwives, Marginality, and Public Identity Work

Because midwifery in the United States is an occupation at the margins of medicine, midwives must frequently negotiate competing identity claims. This article examines the public identity work of a group of midwives by focusing on two important tools they use to accomplish this work: boundary negotiation and impression management. Drawing on data from indepth interviews with twenty-six licensed, nurse, and empirical midwives in the state of Florida, this article illustrates the ways in which midwives frame their identities in relation to history and media representations and manage public identities through boundary negotiation and impression management. I argue that the marginality of this occupation lends itself to competing categories of identity that midwives must negotiate. These categories become salient when midwives confront historical and media representations of childbirth and midwifery as well as the perceptions of the general public, consumers, lawmakers, and medical professionals. In the United States, midwifery is an occupation that exists on the fringes of the mainstream medical system. Under the threat of attack by the medical profession, the media, and lawmakers, midwives often feel a need to legitimate their occupation and activities. The twenty-six midwives in this study have strong opinions about how they are perceived and represented by the general public, consumers, the medical community, lawmakers, and the media. In response to these images, they draw on history, the media, medicine, professionalism, education, and appearance to frame their identities. This article shows how midwives use the tools of boundary negotiation and impression management to construct a public identity. Holstein and Gubrium (2000:215) argue that identity “materializes in myriad nooks and crannies of everyday life, reflecting one sense of who we are in one site, turning a second option for personal definition in another one. ” Unlike individuals working in more mainstream occupations who have relatively fewer competing categories of public occupational identity, midwives must work at sorting out who and what they are because of their marginal status. They skillfully define situations as they
Serum leptin concentration and anaerobic performance do not change during the menstrual cycle of young females.

OBJECTIVES It was aimed to determine whether there was a difference in the leptin levels and short term exercise performance during the menstrual cycle of the young females who had normal menstrual cycle and no pregnancy story. SETTING AND DESIGN Fifteen sedentary females aged 19-23 yrs were included. All had regular menstrual cycle of 28-30 days and no pregnancy story. Blood samples were taken for the analysis of serum estradiol, progesterone and leptin levels and Wingate test was applied on a Monark 818E ergometer with 75 g/kg load on the 7th, 14th and 21st cycle days, randomly. RESULTS The differences in serum leptin levels and peak power, mean power and fatigue index during these days and the correlations between serum leptin and FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone levels were not significant. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that performance in a short intense exercise which require high motivation is not affected by menstrual cycle and in young females with normal menstrual cycle, serum leptin concentration does not change during the cycle. Further studies constituting more standard groups, controlling food intake, timing the blood sampling, studying more days of menstrual cycle will help to obtain more accurate results.
“Why did You Hurt Me?” Victim's Interpersonal Betrayal Attribution and Trust Implications

In this paper, I propose an attribution-based typology of betrayal. Specifically, incidental betrayal occurs when the trustee (perpetrator) violates the pivotal trust expectations of the trustor (victim) in the course of pursuing other goals; intentional betrayal occurs when the goal of the perpetrator is to violate the critical trust expectations of the victim in order to cause harm to him or her. Incidental betrayal is further categorized into egoistic betrayal and ideological betrayal, whereas intentional betrayal is further categorized into personalistic betrayal and reciprocal betrayal. In addition, I explicate how these various types of betrayal differentially affect the victim's perception of the perpetrator's trustworthiness.
The age-related posterior-anterior shift as revealed by voxelwise analysis of functional brain networks

The posterior-anterior shift in aging (PASA) is a commonly observed phenomenon in functional neuroimaging studies of aging, characterized by age-related reductions in occipital activity alongside increases in frontal activity. In this work we have investigated the hypothesis as to whether the PASA is also manifested in functional brain network measures such as degree, clustering coefficient, path length and local efficiency. We have performed statistical analysis upon functional networks derived from a fMRI dataset containing data from healthy young, healthy aged, and aged individuals with very mild to mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Analysis of both task based and resting state functional network properties has indicated that the PASA can also be characterized in terms of modulation of functional network properties, and that the onset of AD appears to accentuate this modulation. We also explore the effect of spatial normalization upon the results of our analysis.
Acculturation Attitudes of the Dutch and the Germans towards the European Union: The Importance of National and European Identification

The relationship between social identifications and attitudes towards collective acculturation is studied within the context of the European Union. Berry’s (1980) acculturation model is linked to the social identity theory and applied to the instance of European nations (here, the Netherlands and Germany) acculturating into the ‘superordinate-group’ Europe. Results show that the nation’s participation in the European Union is supported to a higher degree by respondents with high than with low European identification. The maintenance of national culture is more strongly preferred by respondents with high than with low national identification. A cross-national comparison indicates that this impact of social identification can be shown only for the Germans. This finding is discussed as resulting from a different construction of national identity in Germany and the Netherlands.
Evidence of a Functional B-Cell Immunodeficiency in Adults Who Experience Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease

ABSTRACT After adolescence, the incidence of meningococcal disease decreases with age as a result of the cumulative immunizing effect of repeated nasopharyngeal colonization. Nevertheless, some adults succumb to meningococcal disease, so we hypothesized that this is due to a subtle functional immunological defect. Peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from survivors of serogroup C meningococcal disease and from age- and sex-matched controls were incubated with a polyclonal B-cell activator containing anti-immunoglobulin D (α-δ-dex) employed to mimic antigen-specific stimuli encountered during immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides, with and without T-cell activation (using anti-CD3/anti-CD28). Subsequent proliferation and activation of T and B lymphocytes were measured. In patients, T-cell responses to polyclonal stimuli and the delivery of T-cell help to B cells were unimpaired. Levels of B-cell proliferation in response to α-δ-dex stimulation alone were low in all samples but were significantly lower in patients than in controls, and these differences were more pronounced with the addition of T-cell help. The data are consistent with the presence of a subtle immunodeficiency in adults who have exhibited susceptibility to meningococcal disease. This defect is manifested as an impaired B-cell response to T-cell-independent type 2 antigens analogous to bacterial capsular polysaccharide.
Informed and Uninformed Investment in Housing: The Downside of Diversification

Mortgage lenders that concentrate in a few markets invest more in information collection than diversified lenders. Concentrated lenders focus on the information-intensive jumbo market and on high-risk borrowers. They are better positioned to price risks and, thus, ration credit less. Adverse selection, however, leads to higher retention of mortgages relative to diversified lenders. Finally, concentrated lenders have higher profits than diversified lenders, their profits vary less systematically, and their stock prices fell less during the 2007--2008 credit crisis. The results imply that geographic diversification led to a decline in screening by lenders, which likely played a role in the 2007--2008 crisis. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
A distributed selection cooperation protocol with feedback and its DMT in nakagami-m fading channels

Selection cooperation is a simple and effective method proposed for cooperative diversity systems. We develop a distributed cooperative protocol with feedback based on selection cooperation. The best relay is selected in a fully decentralized manner and the protocol can be easily integrated with existing wireless networks. The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of the proposed protocol as well as common selection cooperation with feedback is derived over Nakagami-m fading channels. The result shows the protocol has significant increase of the spectral efficiency compared with the one without feedback. We also show that the selection cooperation has the same DMT as opportunistic relaying in general fading channels with or without feedback.
Chinese children’s perceived school satisfaction: the role of contextual and intrapersonal factors

This study investigated the contribution of school contextual factors and intrapersonal factors to school satisfaction among a sample of Hong Kong Chinese primary school children. A total of 760 children completed the School Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Children along with self‐report measures of intrapersonal factors (self‐esteem and hope) and school‐related factors (teacher support, peer support, peer conflict, peer victimisation and academic performance). Findings revealed teacher support as the most significant predictor of school satisfaction across grades, followed by academic performance. Hope was found to be a statistically significant mediator of school satisfaction across gender, whereas self‐esteem did not act as a potential mediator except in sub‐samples of girls and Grade 4 students. The findings lend support to using developmental ecological perspective and cognitive mediation models in studying school satisfaction. The implications of the findings for future research and educational practice were discussed.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in an elderly population: how to prevent complications and make the treatment safe and effective.

INTRODUCTION The aim of our study is to consider the feasibility and the results of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in an elderly cohort of patients, considering different diseases and concomitant morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2003 up to July 2006, a total of 1100 SWL treatments were performed in our Stone Centre with Dornier Lithotripter S device. We retrospectively analyzed all the treatments carried out in patients older than 70 years of age, collecting a total of 130 patients. The average age was 75.1 years (range: 70-89). Stone location was renal in 95 and ureteral in 45 patients. Information about SWL outcomes and complications were collected as well as patient's characteristics and treatment modalities. RESULTS Average stone size was 10.2+/-3.4 and 8.7+/-3.1 for the renal and ureteral location, respectively. 73 out of 140 patients (52.1%) were stone free after a single treatment; 49 patients (35%) required an adjunctive session, whereas SWL was unsuccessful in 18 (12.8%) patients. We observed 64, 24, 21, 10, 31 cases of concomitant arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, solitary kidney condition and previous neoplastic pathologies. A total of 8 and 6 subjects had previous cardiac surgery and atrial fibrillation respectively, thus requiring a warfarin scheduled conversion to low molecular weight heparin. Five patients had a pace maker implant and three patients an abdominal aortic aneurism. No SWL-related complications were found in this series considering both urological and systemic features. CONCLUSION SWL represents the treatment of choice for urolithiasis, and it has to be recommended especially to geriatric patients. In those subjects, SWL complications can be avoided with a proper and personalized preparation, together with an ECG and ultrasound continuously monitored procedure.
Mass Media and Biotechnology: Knowledge Gaps Within and Between European Countries

Over the past  years, many studies have documented the existence of knowledge gaps in a variety of public affairs and science topics and have tried to get a better understanding of how third factors mediate the development of knowledge gaps on the micro level. But there still is almost no comparative research on the macro level. The aim of this study is to analyze education and media based knowledge gaps in the field of biotechnology across  European countries and across time. Our data is based on two representative and comparative Eurobarometer surveys carried out in  and . The results reveal that education and media input are important factors operating not only on the individual level, but also on the country level. Media effects research was dominated for a long time by a focus on purposeful short-term persuasion of opinions, attitudes, and behavior. The key question was: How can modern mass media be best used to influence political or social behavior in general or acceptance of new technologies like biotechnology in particular. This media-centric perspective dominated until the early s when long-term cognitive phenomena such as agenda setting, knowledge acquisition, or the cultivation of perceptions and images of the social world became a new focus of media effects research (McCombs, , p. ). One especially important argument for this paradigm shift was that prior to the process of influencing specific attitudes and behavior—‘How do people think about something? ’—the objects of attitudes have to be generated, that is the topics or issues have to be ‘planted’ inside people’s heads, on the one hand by personal experience or on the other by mass media information as mediated experience: ‘What do people think about? ’ The public learns about the importance of topics from the emphasis placed upon them by the news media. So the most important effect of mass media may lie in their ability to structure and organize the world for their audiences, based on the journalists gatekeeping routines for selecting, emphasizing, and framing the news. And only on the basis of these cognitive structures will people develop related opinions and attitudes. In
Explosion Source Model Development in Support of Seismic Monitoring Technologies: Apparent Explosion Moment and Prospects for Moment-Based Yield Estimation

Abstract : This paper reports on research activities for the third and final year of a project to develop new explosion source models that include the effects of source medium damage, a form of which is deep-seated, shock-induced tensile failure identified in our previous studies. In general, damage will contribute volumetric, compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD), and double-couple (DC) sources of seismic radiation. Our past work has studied the effects of a CLVD source on Rayleigh wave radiation and its impact on the performance of mb-Ms discrimination. Part I of this paper shifts attention to the volumetric contribution that source medium damage makes. In the model, there are two possible volumetric sources: (1) the traditional source associated with direct effects of explosions creating a cavity with volume V and (2) the damage source due to non-linear free-surface interactions and shock-wave rebound causing abrupt changes of elastic moduli and dilating the source medium with volume U due to bulking and shear dilatancy. The CLVD represents a non-volumetric, deviatoric source component of damage. K is a source parameter measuring the steady-state strength MCLVD of the CLVD with respect to MI, the isotropic moment. Moment tensor inversion results for NTS explosions show that K steadily decreases with yield, approaching values near 1.0 for highest yield shots. A K value of 1.0 implies MCLVD = 0 and, by inference, small U. Our hypothesis is that the force of spall slapdown is great enough at high yields to crush the tuff matrix, reducing U while V remains intact. Slapdown at low yields is not great enough to do so, leaving both V and U unaffected. We tested the hypothesis by comparing measurements of MI with estimates of classical moment based on scaling relationships of V and velocity models for Pahute Mesa, including the effects of coupling above the water table.
Family conflict and future concerns: Opportunities for social workers to better support Chinese immigrant caregiver employees

ABSTRACT This paper explores the experiences of Chinese immigrant caregiver employees (CEs) residing in Southern Ontario, Canada. Qualitative analysis of participant interviews with thirteen Mandarin Chinese immigrant CEs revealed family conflicts due to cultural differences and an intergenerational gap between CEs and their care recipients. CEs also had future concerns in regards to their own health and the lack of long-term care facilities that offer cultural services for immigrant seniors. These findings provide an opportunity for social workers to collaborate with other service providers to provide ethno-specific and culturally sensitive health, community. and employment services to immigrant ethnic minority CEs.
Comparative immunophenotypic features of EBV‐positive and EBV‐negative atypical lymphocytosis

Atypical lymphocytosis is a common peripheral blood abnormality seen not only in Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated acute infectious mononucleosis but also in other conditions, including other viral infections, cancer, immune reactions, etc. Despite numerous reports of individual immunophenotypic alterations in EBV‐positive infectious mononucleosis, a detailed comparative analysis of the immunophenotypic changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in infectious mononucleosis and other forms of atypical lymphocytosis is lacking.
Associations between risk judgments and demand for transport risk mitigation

The present study tested a hypothesized model regarding associations between risk sensitivity, risk perception, transport priorities, worry, and demand for risk mitigation in transport. An additional aim was to investigate differences in risk perception, worry, risk sensitivity, transport priorities, and demand for risk mitigation in age-groups, gender, and educational levels. A mail survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Norwegian public over 18 years (n = 1947) in 2008. The response rate was 31%. The results showed that transport priorities were the strongest predictor of demand for risk mitigation. Risk perception seems to be mediated by worry. Risk sensitivity was directly associated with transport risk perception and, not as predicted, also directly with demand for risk mitigation. The two youngest age-groups (18–30 and 31–50 years) perceived the probabilities of transport accidents in private transportation as significantly larger and also judged other nontransport risks to be larger than those over 50 years of age. The youngest age-group was more worried about injuries from private transportation, but reported lower demands for risk mitigation. The findings merit further research into the relationship between risk perception and demand for risk mitigation. The results indicated that younger individuals were more worried about injuries and assessed the probability of accidents to be larger, while they report a lower demand for risk mitigation compared to older age-groups.
Only fools? Reconsidering the relationship between commitment to the work ethic and educational attainment

This article argues that work ethic research has suffered from a tendency to conflate preference and morality, and that this has been particularly detrimental to our understanding of the relationship between commitment to the work ethic and educational attainment. The work ethic is almost always measured quantitatively, yet in-depth research offers a fuller understanding of individuals’ moral beliefs and motivations, and it can provide possible explanations for the very different results established by the various quantitative measures. Findings from 50 in-depth interviews offered support to those who claim that work morality is largely a ‘wealth ethic’ – about not being dependent upon state benefits. Education strongly influenced moral beliefs. Crucially, while the more educated were the least likely to moralise in favour of work or the ‘wealth ethic’ and most disliked lower status employment, they could expect to score highly on measures of the work ethic that emphasise preference rather than morality because their education usually secured them enjoyable ‘career’ jobs. Furthermore, the fact that preferences play such an important part in work ethic measurement might help explain the discrepancy between theoretical claims of a declining work ethic and empirical studies which demonstrate that it is thriving.
Associations between societal disapproval and changes in symptoms of PTSD and appetitive aggression following treatment among high-risk South African males

ABSTRACT Background: In violent communities, social rejection as a person with victim–offender attributes is associated with more intense symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a higher propensity towards violence, i.e. appetitive aggression. Successful community reintegration encompassing adequate social acknowledgment of individuals with both a history of violence exposure and perpetration may be necessary to enhance the treatment effects of interventions addressing PTSD and aggression. Objective: In this study, the effects of treatment and post-treatment traumatic events, violent offenses, and social acknowledgment (with sub-dimensions of general disapproval, family disapproval, and recognition as a person with both a history of violence exposure and commission) on changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression from baseline to 8-month follow-up were investigated. Method: Data were collected from 54 males recruited through a Cape Town offender reintegration programme for an intervention study targeting trauma and aggression (n = 28 treatment; n = 26 wait-list). Changes in PTSD symptom severity after treatment were assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview, changes in appetitive aggression with the Appetitive Aggression Scale (AAS), post-treatment traumatic events with an adapted version of the Child’s Exposure to Violence Checklist, offenses with an adapted checklist from the AAS, and social acknowledgment with an adapted form of the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire. Results: Path analyses revealed negative relationships between ongoing societal disapproval and changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression at 8-months, controlling for age. All other variables were non-significant, except for treatment, which was associated with PTSD symptom reduction. Conclusions: As a complementary strategy to effective psychotherapeutic treatment, increased social acknowledgment may contribute significantly to the alleviation of PTSD symptoms and appetitive aggression. Psychological interventions should, therefore, not neglect the impact of societal factors on treatment effects.