Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspirin for the Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Orthopedic Surgery Patients: A Comparison of the AAOS and ACCP Guidelines with Review of the Evidence

BACKGROUND The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) have both developed evidence-based guidelines to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk orthopedic surgery patients. Recent changes to these documents have brought them into agreement as to the inclusion of aspirin as an appropriate option for VTE prophylaxis in this patient population. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the appropriateness of aspirin to prevent VTE in high-risk orthopedic surgery patients. DATA SOURCES Guidelines published by the AAOS in 2011 and the ACCP in 2012 were compared regarding their recommendations on the use of aspirin for the prevention of VTE. A literature search was also conducted to identify clinical trials that evaluated the use of aspirin for the prevention of VTE in this patient population. Search terms included the MeSH terms venous thromboembolism; venous thrombosis; pulmonary embolism; aspirin; arthroplasty, replacement, knee; arthroplasty, replacement, hip; and hip fractures/surgery. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Any study that evaluated aspirin, even in combination with another method of prophylaxis (such as pneumatic compression devices), and had been published during or after 1985 was included. DATA SYNTHESIS Randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other large pooled and retrospective reviews have failed to consistently arrive at similar conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of aspirin as an option for VTE prophylaxis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), or hip fracture surgery (HFS). Disagreements in the appropriateness of surrogate markers for safety and efficacy have resulted in differing recommendations from the ACCP and AAOS. The primary argument lies in the appropriateness of deep vein thrombosis as a surrogate marker for more serious outcomes such as pulmonary emboli. CONCLUSIONS Recent changes to both the ACCP and AAOS guidelines are in agreement for those who choose to use aspirin for chemoprophylaxis of VTE. Current surgical care improvement project measures do not include aspirin as an appropriate sole option for the prevention of VTE, but in patients undergoing elective TKA or who have a contraindication to pharmacologic prophylaxis and undergo a THA or HFS, aspirin in conjunction with compression devices as part of a multimodal approach would meet these measures. Data do not support the hypothesis that aspirin is less likely to cause adverse bleeding events than more potent anticoagulants.
Low density of CD 1 + cells in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective CD1 molecules present microbial and self glycolipid antigens to a defined T cell subset with features of natural killer cells. CD1 molecules are up-regulated by inflammatory stimuli such as GM-CSF, and we would expect to find increased CD1 expression in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared to osteoarthritis (OA). This study was initiated to compare the density of CD1a+, CD1b+, and CD1c+ synovial cells in RA and OA patients.
An experimental study of eduplay and social competence among preschool students in Hong Kong

Parents in Hong Kong believe that play is harmful to children’s studies and socio‐emotional development. However, the term ‘eduplay’ was first introduced by Rao and Li, a form of play‐based education with ‘Chinese characteristics’. This term captures the beliefs of teachers and parents about how learning could happen through play and how it occurs in Chinese early childhood education settings. Nevertheless, the concept of ‘playing to learn’ is becoming more accepted by Chinese parents. In many Chinese schools today, eduplay activities are designed to enhance children’s social competency. In the present study, a pre–post study was conducted to select 60 preschool students aged from three to five years. Thirty students were randomly assigned to the ‘experimental group’ to receive 10 eduplay sessions, whereas the remaining 30 students were assigned to the ‘control group’. The Child Behaviour Checklist was distributed to the teachers before and after 10 eduplay sessions to assess the students’ social competence. An analysis of covariance was used to assess whether the internalising problems reduced more significantly in the students in the experimental group than in the students in the control group. The results indicate that the students’ social competence was significantly enhanced after 10 eduplay sessions. Suggestions were given to the school, teachers, and parents on how to apply eduplay in children’s learning and classroom teaching.
Cancer of the Larynx: Treatment Results after Primary Radiotherapy with Salvage Surgery in a Series of 1005 Patients

The aim of this study is to present and discuss the results of initial radiotherapy with salvage surgery and to compare them with those from centres where primary surgery is the prevailing principle. The series comprised 1005 consecutive patients treated during the period 1965-1998. Salvage surgery was performed if patients had residual tumour or developed recurrence. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and crude survival (CS) after 5 years, among 643 patients with glottic carcinomas treated with curative radiotherapy was 88.6% (SE =1.3) and 65.3% (SE =2.0), respectively. Among T1 glottic carcinomas the locoregional control was 88%, i.e. 88% of patients were cured after radiotherapy alone, and the DSS was 99%, both evaluated after 5 years, i.e. the salvage surgery added approximately 11% to the survival of T1 glottic patients. Only 4% (12/312) of T1 glottic patients had laryngectomies. Locoregional control among T2 glottic cases was 67% and the DSS 88%, but, 18% (41/233) of patients lost their larynx. The corresponding results among T3 glottic cases were 30% and 59%, i.e. the organ preservation was close to 50%. Among patients with supraglottic carcinomas, the two estimates were 44% and 63%, respectively. Compared with our results, recent results published in the literature after initial laser surgery of T1 glottic carcinomas indicate that there are only minor differences in DSS and organ preservation, but it is generally agreed, but not proven, that voice quality after radiotherapy is better. T2 glottic carcinomas treated by initial supracricoid partial laryngectomy in a selected series have yielded very high DSS rates with better organ preservation than was observed in the present series. As to T3 glottic carcinomas, initial surgery does not produce better survival rates than those produced in the present series but our organ preservation is higher. The treatment of patients with supraglottic carcinoma has benefited from optimization of radiotherapy during recent decades. The role of initial laser surgery is as yet undecided.
Tehrahertz CMOS Design for Low-Power and High-Speed Wireless Communication

There have recently been more and more reports on CMOS integrated circuits operating at terahertz (≥ 0.1 THz) frequencies. However, design environments and techniques are not as well established as for RF CMOS circuits. This paper reviews recent progress made by the authors in terahertz CMOS design for low-power and high-speed wireless communication, including device characterization and modeling techniques. Low-power high-speed wireless data transfer at 11 Gb/s and 19 pJ/bit and a 7-pJ/bit ultra-low-power transceiver chipset are presented. key words: high-frequency circuit design, CMOS, millimeter wave, terahertz
Correcting Effect Sizes for Score Reliability: A Reminder that Measurement and Substantive Issues are Linked Inextricably

The present article emphasizes that measurement issues must be explicitly considered even in studies that focus on substantive questions. First, dynamics associated with insufficient attention being paid to score reliabilities in substantive studies are discussed. Next, reasons to adjust effect size indices for score unreliability are presented. Finally, some procedures for adjusting effect sizes for score reliability are briefly reviewed.
Evidence for a Role of the Host-Specific Flea (Paraceras melis) in the Transmission of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) pestanai to the European Badger

We investigated the epidemiology of Trypanosoma pestanai infection in European badgers (Meles meles) from Wytham Woods (Oxfordshire, UK) to determine prevalence rates and to identify the arthropod vector responsible for transmission. A total of 245 badger blood samples was collected during September and November 2009 and examined by PCR using primers derived from the 18S rRNA of T. pestanai. The parasite was detected in blood from 31% of individuals tested. T. pestanai was isolated from primary cultures of Wytham badger peripheral blood mononuclear cells and propagated continually in vitro. This population was compared with cultures of two geographically distinct isolates of the parasite by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and PCR analysis of 18S rDNA and ITS1 sequences. High levels of genotypic polymorphism were observed between the isolates. PCR analysis of badger fleas (Paraceras melis) collected from infected individuals at Wytham indicated the presence of T. pestanai and this was confirmed by examination of dissected specimens. Wet smears and Giemsa-stained preparations from dissected fleas revealed large numbers of trypanosome-like forms in the hindgut, some of which were undergoing binary fission. We conclude that P. melis is the primary vector of T. pestanai in European badgers.
Tourists' perceptions of heritage tourism development in Danish‐Osu, Ghana

This paper examines the tourist perceptions at Danish, Osu-Ghana within the dark tourism or slavery heritage contexts. Using Cohen's (1979) typology of tourist experience, we differentiate between tourist knowledge of a heritage site relative to socio-demographic indices. The results indicate that tourists' perception of Danish-Osu reflect their knowledge of the site in relation to its cultural heritage attributes. In addition, it was found that tourists have dual experiences of the site: those that relate to recreational pursuits of heritage sites and those that ascribe meanings based on their background. The contemporary nature and use of Transatlantic Slave Trade relics for tourism development makes the case of the Danish-Osu more delicate considering the ethical implications of interpreting the community's past to tourists as the borderlines are unclear. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional deletion of BMP7 from the limb skeleton does not affect bone formation or fracture repair

While the osteoinductive activity of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) is well established, evaluation of the role of endogenous BMP7 in bone formation and fracture healing has been hampered by perinatal lethality in BMP7 knockout mice. Here we employ conditional deletion of BMP7 from the embryonic limb prior to the onset of skeletogenesis to create limb bones lacking BMP7. We find that the absence of locally produced BMP7 has no effect on postnatal limb growth, articular cartilage formation, maintenance of bone mass, or fracture healing. Our data suggest that other BMPs present in adult bone are sufficient to compensate for the absence of BMP7. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:384–389, 2010
“ PETROLEUM CONCESSIONS WITH EXTENDIBLE OPTIONS USING MEAN REVERSION WITH JUMPS TO MODEL OIL PRICES ” Marco

The holder of a petroleum exploration concession has an investment option until the expiration date fixed by the governmental agency, in some countries these rights can be extended by additional cost. The value of these rights and the optimal investment timing are calculated by solving a stochastic optimal control problem of an American call option with extendible maturities. The uncertainty of the oil prices is modeled as a mix jump-diffusion process. Normal information generates continuous meanreverting process for oil prices, whereas random abnormal information generates discrete jumps of random size. Comparisons are performed with the popular geometric Brownian process and also the quantification and analysis of alternative timing policies for the petroleum sector. Suggested JEL Classification: G31, G12 and Q39 1 Petrobras, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. Address: Petrobras/E&P/Gerer/Corfex Av. Chile 65, sala 1701-C. Centro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil. Zip code: 20035-900 Phone: (021)5342164 ; Fax: (021)5341579 Email: marcodias@ep.petrobras. com.br ; Website: http://www.puc-rio.br/marco.ind/main.html 2 Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) Address : IPEA/DIPES Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos n 51, 15 andar, sala:1514. Centro, Rio de Janeiro. RJ. Brasil. Zip code:20020-010 Phone: (021)2121158 Email : katia@ipea.gov. br 3 The current paper version was approved to be presented to the 3 International Conference on Real Options, Wassenaar/Leiden, The Netherlands, June 6-8, 1999. The same version was submitted to the Lenos Trigeorgis, Eds., forthcoming book on real options by the Oxford University Press.
The effect of randomness on the stability of deep water surface gravity waves in the presence of a thin thermocline

Abstract The effect of randomness on the stability of deep water surface gravity waves in the presence of a thin thermocline is studied. A previously derived fourth order nonlinear evolution equation is used to find a spectral transport equation for a narrow band of surface gravity wave trains. This equation is used to study the stability of an initially homogeneous Lorentz shape of spectrum to small long wave-length perturbations for a range of spectral widths. The growth rate of the instability is found to decrease with the increase of spectral widths. It is found that the fourth order term in the evolution equation produces a decrease in the growth rate of the instability. There is stability if the spectral width exceeds a certain critical value. For a vanishing bandwidth the deterministic growth rate of the instability is recovered. Graphs have been plotted showing the variations of the growth rate of the instability against the wavenumber of the perturbation for some different values of spectral width, thermocline depth, angle of perturbation and wave steepness.
Reversal of Pathophysiologic Changes with Long-Term Lisinopril Treatment in Isolated Systolic Hypertension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study the effect of long-term (2-year) lisinopril treatment on cardiovascular end-organ damage in patients with previously untreated isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). All patients with ISH were derived from a population screening program. End-organ damage measurements, done initially and after 6 and 24 months of treatment, included measurements of aortic distensibility and echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and diastolic function. Blood pressure was measured by office and ambulatory measurements. Of the 97 subjects with ISH selected from the screening, 62 (30 lisinopril) completed the study according to protocol. Office blood pressure decreased in both groups, but ambulatory results significantly decreased with lisinopril-treatment only. Aortic distensibility increased significantly with lisinopril, as opposed to a decrease in placebo-treated subjects. The main effect of increased distensibility occurred between 6 and 24 months, whereas ambulatory blood pressure changed mainly in the first 6 months of treatment. LVMI decreased in both treatment groups, with a significantly higher reduction in lisinopril-treated subjects. Left ventricular diastolic function showed no significant changes in either group. The vascular pathophysiologic alterations of ISH—a decreased aortic distensibility—can be improved with long-term lisinopril treatment, whereas values deteriorate further in placebo-treated subjects. These results, in one of the first studies including subjects with previously untreated ISH only, indicate that lisinopril treatment might favorably influence the cardiovascular risk of ISH.
Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet.

BACKGROUND The nonoperative technique for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) described by Ponseti is a popular method, but it requires two to four years of orthotic management. The purpose of this study was to examine the patient characteristics and demographic factors related to the family that are predictive of recurrent foot deformities in patients treated with this method. METHODS The cases of fifty-one consecutive infants with eighty-six idiopathic clubfeet treated with use of the Ponseti method were examined retrospectively. The patient characteristics at the time of presentation, such as the severity of the initial clubfoot deformity, previous treatment, and the age at the initiation of treatment, were examined with use of univariate logistic regression analysis modeling recurrence. Demographic data on the family, including annual income, highest level of education attained by the parents, and marital status, as well as parental reports of compliance with the use of the prescribed orthosis, were studied in relation to the risk of recurrence. RESULTS The parents of twenty-one patients did not comply with the use of orthotics. Noncompliance was the factor most related to the risk of recurrence, with an odds ratio of 183 (p < 0.00001). Parental educational level (high-school education or less) also was a significant risk factor for recurrence (odds ratio = 10.7, p < 0.03). With the numbers available, no significant relationship was found between gender, race, parental marital status, source of medical insurance, or parental income and the risk of recurrence of the clubfoot deformity. In addition, the severity of the deformity, the age of the patient at the initiation of treatment, and previous treatment were not found to have a significant effect on the risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Noncompliance and the educational level of the parents (high-school education or less) are significant risk factors for the recurrence of clubfoot deformity after correction with the Ponseti method. The identification of patients who are at risk for recurrence may allow intervention to improve the compliance of the parents with regard to the use of orthotics, and, as a result, improve outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Elevated blood pressure and positive history of kidney stones: results from a population‐based study

Mild hypercalciuria has been observed in hypertension, but it is not yet established whether the prevalence of urinary stone disease is increased as well. Data from the cross-sectional phase of the Gubbio Study — a population-based survey on hypertension involving 5376 subjects (84% response rate) — have been analysed to address this issue, defining as hypertensive those subjects with diastolic pressure falling within the fifth quintile for each sex- and age-specific category, and/or under regular antihypertensive treatment. The prevalence of a positive history for urinary stone (radiographic and/or surgical evidence, and/or stone excretion) was increased by over 50% (P > 0.01) in treated and untreated hypertensives. None of the 136 subjects with a positive urinary stone history were hypercalcaemic and none had renal failure.
Secure Fusion Estimation for Bandwidth Constrained Cyber-Physical Systems Under Replay Attacks

State estimation plays an essential role in the monitoring and supervision of cyber-physical systems (CPSs), and its importance has made the security and estimation performance a major concern. In this case, multisensor information fusion estimation (MIFE) provides an attractive alternative to study secure estimation problems because MIFE can potentially improve estimation accuracy and enhance reliability and robustness against attacks. From the perspective of the defender, the secure distributed Kalman fusion estimation problem is investigated in this paper for a class of CPSs under replay attacks, where each local estimate obtained by the sink node is transmitted to a remote fusion center through bandwidth constrained communication channels. A new mathematical model with compensation strategy is proposed to characterize the replay attacks and bandwidth constrains, and then a recursive distributed Kalman fusion estimator (DKFE) is designed in the linear minimum variance sense. According to different communication frameworks, two classes of data compression and compensation algorithms are developed such that the DKFEs can achieve the desired performance. Several attack-dependent and bandwidth-dependent conditions are derived such that the DKFEs are secure under replay attacks. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Reform by the Book: What Is—or Might Be—the Role of Curriculum Materials in Teacher Learning and Instructional Reform?

Commercially published curriculum materials dominate teaching practice in the United States (Goodlad, 1984). ' Unlike frameworks, objectives, assessments, and other mechanisms that seek to guide curriculum, instructional materials are concrete and daily. They are the stuff of lessons and units, of what teachers and students do. That centrality affords curricular materials a uniquely intimate connection to teaching. Not only are curriculum materials well-positioned to influence individual teachers' work but, unlike many other innovations, textbooks are already "scaled up" and part of the routine of schools. They have "reach" in the system. At the local level, text adoptions are the primary routine in most districts for updating the curriculum every five to seven years (Carus, 1990). In our fragmented school system, textbooks are also one way that educators strive for a common curriculum across diverse settings. Despite their central role in the instructional system, however, curriculum materials have played an uneven role in practice.
Specific ligation of surface α‐D‐galactosyl epitopes markedly affects the quantity of four major proteins secreted by macrophages

Activated macrophages (Mφs) have terminal α‐D‐galactosyl (αD‐Gal) residues on their membranes that are not apparent on resting cells. Ligation of these epitopes with Griffonia simplicifolia I‐B4 (GSI‐B4), a lectin that has specificity for α‐D‐Gal residues, alters selected Mφ functions. To explore the mechanism(s) that may be responsible for some of the functional changes, alterations in the secretory pattern of [35S]methionine‐labeled proteins were assessed when cells were cultured with or without this ligand. The proteins were identified by Western blots and quantitated. Interestingly, α‐D‐Gal ligation proved to decrease the secretion of some proteins while increasing the secretion of others. Some of the most significant changes were observed in four proteins: fibronectin and transglutaminase were down‐regulated by 55 and 66% respectively, while plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 was increased by 259% and collagenase was increased 1000‐fold. These observations show that the emergence of new oligosaccharide epitopes, such as α‐D‐Gal, concomitant with Mφ activation may serve to mediate the transduction of signals that cause quantitative changes in the elaboration of diverse Mφ products. The biologic significance of the four identified proteins has been well established. Fluctuations in their levels are likely to play a role at sites of chronic inflammation.