Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOST‐SPECIALIST LINEAGES DOMINATE THE ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF REEF CORAL ENDOSYMBIONTS

Bursts in species diversification are well documented among animals and plants, yet few studies have assessed recent adaptive radiations of eukaryotic microbes. Consequently, we examined the radiation of the most ecologically dominant group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates found in reef‐building corals, Symbiodinium Clade C, using nuclear ribosomal (ITS2), chloroplast (psbAncr), and multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Through a hierarchical analysis of high‐resolution genetic data, we assessed whether ecologically distinct Symbiodinium, differentiated by seemingly equivocal rDNA sequence differences, are independent species lineages. We also considered the role of host specificity in Symbiodinium speciation and the correspondence between endosymbiont diversification and Caribbean paleo‐history. According to phylogenetic, biological, and ecological species concepts, Symbiodinium Clade C comprises many distinct species. Although regional factors contributed to population‐genetic structuring of these lineages, Symbiodinium diversification was mainly driven by host specialization. By combining patterns of the endosymbiont's host specificity, water depth distribution, and phylogeography with paleo‐historical signals of climate change, we inferred that present‐day species diversity on Atlantic coral reefs stemmed mostly from a post‐Miocene adaptive radiation. Host‐generalist progenitors spread, specialized, and diversified during the ensuing epochs of prolonged global cooling and change in reef‐faunal assemblages. Our evolutionary reconstruction thus suggests that Symbiodinium undergoes “boom and bust” phases in diversification and extinction during major climate shifts.
On the structure of continuous uninorms

Uninorms were introduced by Yager and Rybalov [13] as a generalization of triangular norms and conorms. We ask about properties of increasing, associative, continuous binary operation U in the unit interval with the neutral element e ∈[0,1]. If operation U is continuous, then e = 0 or e = 1. So, we consider operations which are continuous in the open unit square. As a result every associative, increasing binary operation with the neutral element e ∈ (0,1), which is continuous in the open unit square may be given in [0,1) 2 or (0, 1] 2 as an ordinal sum of a semigroup and a group. This group is isomorphic to the positive real numbers with multiplication. As a corollary we obtain the results of Hu, Li [7].
Imagery vividness, reality testing, and schizophrenic hallucinations.

Groups of schizophrenics with and without auditory hallucinations and nonpsychotic controls were administered a test of vividness of auditory imagery, participated in a listening task, and were measured on their ability to assess the accuracy of their auditory perceptions. In accordance with the hypothesis, the hallucinators tended to have high, and the nonhallucinators low vividness of auditory imagery. Furthermore, the three groups differed significantly in their ability to assess the accuracy of their auditory perceptions, with the hallucinators demonstrating the greatest inability while the controls were best able to judge the correctness of their auditory perceptions. A model of hallucination formation is proposed in which vividness of auditory imagery and defective reality testing are seen as prerequisite but not necessarily sufficient.
' Psychosis or Spiritual Emergence ?-Consideration of the Transpersonal Perspective within Psychiatry '

Psychosis as an altered state of consciousness (ASC) Our deepening understanding of brain, mind and consciousness leaves us no option but to expand the neurobiology of psychosis to incorporate the concept of consciousness; its nature, levels, dimensions and dynamics, and the impact this function plays in the development of challenging, abnormal states of mind. Psychosis has been defined as ‘any one of several altered states of consciousness, transient or persistent, that prevent integration of sensory or extrasensory information into reality models accepted by the broad consensus of society, and that lead to maladaptive behaviour and social sanctions. Psychotic phenomena such as delusions and hallucinations, described and classified in ICD10 2 and DSM VI , follow clinical observations, which in western society are understood as symptoms of illness. This is based on the assumption that we understand the nature of ‘reality’, and that there is a narrow band of ‘normal’ perception, outside of which there is little useful potential. That certain dramatic experiences and unusual states of mind could be more than part of a purely pathological mental state, and hold some potential for personal growth and transformation is the subject of this paper.
Associations Among Visceral Fat, All-Cause Mortality, and Obesity-Related Mortality in Japanese Americans

OBJECTIVE The study objective was to examine the associations among visceral fat (VF), all-cause mortality, and obesity-related mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 733 Japanese Americans were followed for 16.9 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range increase in VF were calculated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models censored at age 82 years, with age as the time axis adjusted for sex and smoking. RESULTS Higher VF was associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.39 [95% CI 1.11–1.75] 107 deaths) and obesity-related mortality (1.39 [1.04–1.85], 68 deaths from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or obesity-related cancer). After further adjustment for waist circumference, VF remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality (1.41 [1.04–1.92]) but not with obesity-related mortality. The associations between mortality and VF were not independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS VF was associated with all-cause mortality and obesity-related mortality in Japanese Americans. VF did not significantly improve mortality risk assessment beyond that of BMI.
A New Approach for Collaborative Knowledge Management: A Unified Conceptual Model for Collaborative Knowledg Management

With the advancement of new communication and virtualization technologies, various tools and models have been proposed for enabling effective management of the e-collaboration processes related to the creation, sharing, and presentation of collective knowledge. In the theoretical perspective, two significant aspects of collaborative knowledge management have been considered: (a) the internal processes of collaborative knowledge creation and sharing, which occur not only within the individual knowledge workers but also among them (collaboration); (b) the effective design of human-computer interfaces facilitating the internal processes, by providing functionalities for the knowledge workers to comprehend, conceptualize, and cooperate in knowledge creation and sharing through e-collaboration processes, including the effective presentation of the generated knowledge on the website. At the present time, although there exist several studies in the related areas, there is no unique conceptual model that can be applied toward assessing both the interface layer and the internal processes of collaborative knowledge creation and sharing in distributed ICT-based work contexts. This gap has been a great motivation for us to propose a conceptual model, namely the Unified Collaborative Knowledge Management (UCKM) model, which can be used to design and evaluate the overall knowledge management process, including the underlying sub-processes, the presentation of knowledge, and the human-computer interfaces.
Community based lifestyle intervention for blood pressure reduction in children and young adults in developing country: cluster randomised controlled trial

Objective To assess the effectiveness of a community based lifestyle intervention on blood pressure in children and young adults in a developing country setting. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting 12 randomly selected geographical census based clusters in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants 4023 people aged 5-39 years. Intervention Three monthly family based home health education delivered by lay health workers. Main outcome measure Change in blood pressure from randomisation to end of follow-up at 2 years. Results Analysed using the intention to treat principle, the change in systolic blood pressure (adjusted for age, sex, and baseline blood pressure) was significant; it increased by 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.9) mm Hg in the control group and by 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5) mm Hg in the home health education group (P for difference between groups=0.02). Findings for diastolic blood pressure were similar; the change was 1.5 mm Hg greater in the control group than in the intervention group (P=0.002). Conclusions Simple, family based home health education delivered by trained lay health workers significantly ameliorated the usual increase in blood pressure with age in children and young adults in the general population of Pakistan, a low income developing country. This strategy is potentially feasible for up-scaling within the existing healthcare systems of Indo-Asia. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00327574.
The early diastolic myocardial velocity: a marker of increased risk in patients with coronary heart disease

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a promising echocardiographic modality allowing quantification of myocardial performance. However, the prognostic potential of TDI in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not yet investigated. We sought to explore the ability of TDI in identifying patients at risk for new cardiovascular events after AMI.
Should Computer Scientists Experiment More? - 16 Excuses to Avoid Experimentation

Computer scientists and practitioners defend the lack of experimentation with a wide range of arguments. Some arguments suggest that experimentation may be inappropriate, too di(cid:14)cult, useless, and even harmful. This article discusses several such arguments to illustrate the importance of experimentation for computer science. This is a preprint of an article with the same title that appeared in IEEE Computer, 31(5), May 1998, 32{40.
Proteomic investigation of a neural substrate intimately related to brain death

Our current understanding on brain death remains limited despite its clinical importance. This study evaluated whether the proteome expressed in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a neural substrate that our laboratory identified previously to be intimately related to brain death, is uniquely different from other brain areas, using the cerebral cortex, which is defunct under persistent vegetative state for comparison. We found that a group of antioxidant proteins, including members of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family (Prx‐1, Prx‐2, Prx‐5, Prx‐6), thioredoxin and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, exhibited significantly higher protein and mRNA expression levels in RVLM when compared to cerebral cortex. Tissue oxygen, ATP contents and ATP synthase subunits α and β in RVLM were also significantly elevated. On the other hand, protein and mRNA levels of members of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, including proteasome subunit α type‐1, ubiquitin, uniquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2 N, ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and L3, were comparable in both brain regions. We conclude that a significantly elevated level of antioxidant proteins and mRNA in RVLM is consistent with the exhibition of higher tissue oxygen tension and metabolic energy production in this neural substrate, which together constitute a safeguard mechanism against brain death.
Preferences of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) among Three Commercial Wood Species

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), are both pests of wood in service in Hawaii and Florida. We conducted a laboratory study using method modified from those described in standard E1-09 of the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA 2009) to assess the termite resistance of three commercially available wood species used in regions of the USA where both termite species occur: Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziessii, southern yellow pine, Pinus spp. and redwood, Sequoia sempervirens. A multiple-choice (three-choice) assay was used for four weeks (28 days) in order to simulate field conditions of food choice and assess termite feeding preferences under 28 °C and 72–80% RH. 400 termites (360 workers: 40 soldiers) were released into each test jar. Five replicates and two controls of each wood species were used with each termite species. Termite mortality was recorded at the end of the test; and wood wafers were oven-dried and weighed before and after termite exposure to determine the mass loss due to termite feeding, and rated visually on a 0 (failure) to 10 (sound) scale. There were significant differences in mean mass loss values among the three wood species and between two termite species. The mean mass loss value for redwood was significantly lower than Douglas fir and southern yellow pine with both termite species. However, C. formosanus showed increased feeding on Douglas fir and southern yellow pine compared to C. gestroi.
Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of the N‐terminal domain of wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit 10

High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) are of a particular interest because of their biomechanical properties, which are important in many food systems such as breadmaking. Using fold‐recognition techniques, we identified a fold compatible with the N‐terminal domain of HMW‐GS Dy10. This fold corresponds to the one adopted by proteins belonging to the cereal inhibitor family. Starting from three known protein structures of this family as templates, we built three models for the N‐terminal domain of HMW‐GS Dy10. We analyzed these models, and we propose a number of hypotheses regarding the N‐terminal domain properties that can be tested experimentally. In particular, we discuss two possible ways of interaction between the N‐terminal domains of the y‐type HMW glutenin subunits. The first way consists in the creation of interchain disulfide bridges. According to our models, we propose two plausible scenarios: (1) the existence of an intrachain disulfide bridge between cysteines 22 and 44, leaving the three other cysteines free of engaging in intermolecular bonds; and (2) the creation of two intrachain disulfide bridges (involving cysteines 22–44 and cysteines 10–55), leaving a single cysteine (45) for creating an intermolecular disulfide bridge. We discuss these scenarios in relation to contradictory experimental results. The second way, although less likely, is nevertheless worth considering. There might exist a possibility for the N‐terminal domain of Dy10, Nt‐Dy10, to create oligomers, because homologous cereal inhibitor proteins are known to exist as monomers, homodimers, and heterooligomers. We also discuss, in relation to the function of the cereal inhibitor proteins, the possibility that this N‐terminal domain has retained similar inhibitory functions.
Individual Differences, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness in the E-Library Usage

This study examines the usage of e-library among students in a public university in Malaysia using the Technology Acceptance Model. Data from a questionnaire survey of 201 students were analyzed using linear regression. The results show that individual differences (computer self-efficacy and knowledge of search domain) had a significant positive relationship with perceived ease of use. Perceived ease of use showed significant relationship with perceived usefulness but non significant with the actual usage of the e-library. For perceived usefulness, it showed a significant relationship with the actual usage of the e-library. Lessons and discussions for individual differences, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and actual usage are presented.
A Packet Scheduling Framework for Multipath Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks distributes traffic on multiple paths between source-destination pair. Both traffic assignment and packet scheduling affect the performance of multipath routing. After the traffic is optimally distributed, a proper packet scheduling can reduce the resequencing delay. In this paper, a packet scheduling framework is proposed to study the effect of scheduling strategy on the resequencing delay. Specifically, each path is modeled as a multiple-node M/M/1 tandem network, and the end-to-end path delay follows the normal distribution. Two scheduling schemes are studied, uniform round scheduling (URS) and non-uniform round scheduling (NURS). Analytical results show that the URS scheme outperforms the NURS one, and by increasing the round length, URS scheme can further reduce the resequencing delay in mobile ad hoc networks
The natural history of inadequately treated ankle sprain

for this symposium. In comparison to the knee and hip joints, the ankle joint does not seem to undergo the severe degenerative changes secondary to ligamentous instability. In a large series of ankle radiographs taken for evaluation of ankle instability, only two showed any evidence of degenerative changes. The problem, however, in inadequately treated ankle sprains is the sensation of instability in the injured ankle. In response to a questionnaire, 10% of a 1,300-man freshman class at the United States Naval Academy reported functional instability. They described this as frequent sprains, difficulty in running on uneven surfaces,
Database Correlation for GSM Location in Outdoor & Indoor Environments

Estimation of the location of a Mobile Station accurately is a key requirement to effectively provide a wide range of Location Based Services over mobile networks. Hence developing cellular positioning techniques has been a key research problem, with numerous localization solutions been proposed. These include technologies such as Cell ID, angle and time of arrival methods, statistical methods and fingerprinting methods. This paper presents fingerprinting based positioning techniques suitable for outdoor and indoor positioning. Multiple positioning techniques were proposed, implemented and evaluated with outdoor and indoor trials. The ultimate solution proposed in this paper is not a single positioning technique; rather it presents several positioning techniques that achieve optimum performance in each test environment. The results reports 67% positioning error as 112 m, 299 m and 221 m for urban, suburban and rural areas respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed positioning methods achieve accuracy far better than Cell-ID and trilateration approaches for the tested network environments especially for rural areas. The 67% positioning error for rural area is 1045 m and 1386 m with basic Cell-ID and trilateration techniques while proposed fingerprinting based technique reports 67% positioning error as 221m. With indoor positioning this paper reports 50% positioning error as 8.7 m and also it was possible to accurately differentiate between floors in the selected multi storey building.
Effects of platelet concentrate on palatal wound healing after connective tissue graft harvesting.

BACKGROUND Platelet concentrate (PC) is known to contain growth factors that stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, the objective was to determine whether PC accelerated connective tissue graft (CTG) wound healing and maintained donor site tissue thickness. METHODS Twenty healthy adult subjects with multiple bilateral gingival recessions were treated with CTGs and PC combined with CTGs. The donor sites were treated with PC and placebo. Clinical wound healing was observed for an average of 6 weeks. Biopsies were taken from donor sites and submitted for histology and immunohistochemical analysis for type I and III collagens. Palatal tissue thickness, post-surgical complications, and pain level were evaluated. Wilcoxon, Cronbach, one-sample t, and paired-sample t tests were used to assess statistical significance at P <0.05. RESULTS PC-treated palatal donor sites were 1.10 mm thicker than control sites. PC-treated recipient sites showed accelerated clinical healing compared to controls. PC did not accelerate donor site clinical healing. No significant statistical differences in complication occurrence and perceived pain levels were found between control and PC-treated sites. Biopsy samples revealed that during healing, PC-treated sites contained lower concentrations of inflammatory cells, more type I mature collagen, and less type III immature collagen than control sites. CONCLUSIONS PC may accelerate wound healing and hasten the regeneration of palatal donor tissue. PC did not influence complication occurrences or mediate pain level. PC has the potential to shorten the treatment time for patients who need multiple CTG procedures.
Macular Sensitivity Measured With Microperimetry in Stargardt Disease in the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) Study: Report No. 7

Importance New outcome measures for treatment trials for Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) and other macular diseases are needed. Microperimetry allows mapping of light sensitivity of the macula and provides topographic information on visual function beyond visual acuity. Objective To measure and analyze retinal light sensitivity of the macula in STGD1 using fundus-controlled perimetry (microperimetry). Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter prospective cohort study. A total of 199 patients and 326 eyes with molecularly confirmed (ABCA4) STGD1 underwent testing with the Nidek MP-1 microperimeter as part of the multicenter, prospective Natural History of the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) study. Sensitivity of 68 retinal loci was tested, and the mean sensitivity (MS) was determined; each point was categorized as “normal,” “relative,” or “deep” scotoma. Main Outcomes and Measures Mean sensitivity and the number of points with normal sensitivity, relative, or deep scotomas. Results Mean (SD) patient age was 34.2 (14.7) years, mean (SD) best-corrected visual acuity of all eyes was 47.8 (16.9) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score (approximately 20/100 Snellen equivalent), and mean MS of all eyes of all 68 points was 11.0 (5.0) dB. The median number of normal points per eye was 49 (mean [SD], 41.3 [20.8]; range, 0-68); abnormal sensitivity and deep scotomas were more prevalent in the central macula. Mean sensitivity was lower in the fovea (mean [SD], 2.7 [4.4] dB) than in the inner (mean [SD], 6.8 [5.8] dB) and outer ring (mean [SD], 12.7 [5.3] dB). Overall MS per eye was 0.086 dB lower per year of additional age (95% CI, −0.13 to −0.041; P < .001) and 0.21 dB lower per additional year of duration of STGD1 (95% CI, −0.28 to −0.14; P < .001). Longer duration of STGD1 was associated with worse MS (&bgr; = −0.18; P < .001), with a lower number of normal test points (&bgr; = −0.71; P < .001), and with a higher number of deep scotoma points (&bgr; = −0.70; P < .001). We found 11 eyes with low MS (<6 dB) but very good best-corrected visual acuity of at least 72 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score (20/40 Snellen equivalent). Conclusions and Relevance We provide an extensive analysis of macular sensitivity parameters in STGD1 and demonstrate their association with demographic characteristics and vision. These data suggest microperimetry testing provides a more comprehensive assessment of retinal function and will be an important outcome measure in future clinical trials.