Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear synthesis of sucrase and phosphatases during the cell cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Department of Statistics, University of Edinburgh, ScotlandSUMMARYThe synthesi osf sucrase, acid phosphatas ande alkaline phosphatas haes been followe indsynchronous culture of ths e fission yeas Schizosaccharomycest pombe prepare bd y gradientsedimentation. These three enzymes follo a lineaw r pattern of synthesis through the cell cycle,with a doubling in rate at a 'critical point' about one-fift of thhe way throug thh e cycle.Sucrase can be rapidl y derepresse byd lowering the glucose concentratio inn the medium.This has bee n use tdo measure the sucrase ' potential' or capacity to synthesize sucras onederepression. The potential exist at alsl times in the cycle, and follow a stepwiss e pattern witha sharp ris aet the critical point.These results suggest that the functional genome doubles at the critical point. Since, however,the perio od f DNA synthesi iss nearly one-thir od f a cycle before this point, there b muse atnappreciable delay between chemical replicatio and functionanl replicatio of then genome. Inthis respec S.t pombe, a eukaryotic cell, differs markedly from bacteria.Other physiological events take place near the critical point, an ad tentative model is suggestedof what ma bye happening at the chromosomal level.Experiments with cycloheximide indicate that i thers a delaey between the synthesis an thedappearance of the active enzym ien the case of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase.
Dynamic Capabilities for Continuous Produce Innovation

In order to understand the organizational sources of continuous innovation, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of a leading company in the hearing aid industry, which showed impressive ability to develop and introduce innovation in the Nineties. Findings focus on three dynamic capabilities used by the innovator, and their resource-based nature. Discussion points to the generalization of the results and their main implication on the organizational understanding of both continuous innovation and the nature of dynamic capabilities.
TaskView: design and evaluation of a task-based email interface

Email was originally designed as a tool for asynchronous communication. However, as the number of messages increased, so did their variety. A wide range of new and unforeseen email tasks reflects this variety. One of the most commonly performed activities in email is management of pending tasks. This research focuses on how to support this activity in email and explores solutions that use different external representations of messages and associated tasks. Central to this research is understanding the role of both external artifacts in managing multiple pending tasks, as well as internal representations and processes and how they can be linked to external representations. In a recent study we compared the effects of two email interfaces (Microsoft Outlook Inbox and TimeStore-TaskView) on efficiency and effectiveness of information finding in email messages. We found that TimeStore-TaskView interface was overall faster for finding information related to task dates, time and task overviews, while the Inbox interface was faster for finding information from subject lines, senders or from the message body. Based on the results from the study, we are in the process of designing a modified email prototype and a follow-up user study.
Mannitol‐containing macroporous calcium phosphate cement encapsulating human umbilical cord stem cells

Stem cell‐based tissue engineering offers immense promise for bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to develop a self‐setting, mannitol‐containing calcium phosphate cement (CPC) encapsulating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) for bone tissue engineering. hUCMSCs could be an inexhaustible and low‐cost alternative to the gold‐standard bone marrow MSCs, which require an invasive procedure to harvest. hUCMSCs were encapsulated in alginate beads and mixed into the CPC paste. Water‐soluble mannitol porogen was incorporated into CPC to create macropores. The porosity was increased from 49% for the hUCMSC‐encapsulating CPC to 64% after adding mannitol and absorbable‐fibres (p < 0.05). Flexural strength of the construct was increased from 0.3 MPa to 2.0 MPa via fibres. Live cell percentage was > 80% for all constructs. The ALP and OC gene expressions were low at 1 day and greatly increased at 14 days. The constructs that contained mannitol had significantly higher ALP and OC expressions than that without mannitol. ALP activity of hUCMSCs inside CPC with mannitol and fibre was significantly higher than that without mannitol. At 14 days, mineralization by the encapsulated hUCMSCs was eight‐fold higher than that at 1 day. In conclusion, a novel mannitol‐containing porous CPC–hUCMSC construct was developed for bone tissue engineering. Its advantages include cell delivery inside a load‐bearing CPC that has injectable and in situ setting capabilities. hUCMSCs inside CPC had good viability and successfully osteodifferentiated. The self‐setting and strong hUCMSC‐encapsulating CPC scaffold is promising for bone tissue engineering in a wide range of orthopaedic and craniofacial applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct reduction and differential constraints

Direct reductions of partial differential equations to systems of ordinary differential equations are in one-to-one correspondence with compatible differential constraints. The differential constraint method is applied to prove that a parabolic evolution equation admits infinitely many characteristic second order reductions, but admits a non-characteristic second order reduction if and only if it is linearizable.
Improved thresholds for rank minimization

Nuclear norm minimization (NNM) has recently gained attention for its use in rank minimization problems. In this paper, we define weak, sectional and strong recovery for NNM to succeed at finding the low rank solution. We find tight conditions for these and analyze them for the case where the linear measurement operator consists of i.i. d. Gaussian entries. Finally we calculate the so called weak, sectional and strong thresholds for the success of nuclear norm minimization. To obtain our results, we generalize the notion of sign and support from sparse vectors to low rank matrices, and achieve a weak threshold which is much closer to the empirical phase transition curve of nuclear norm minimization than the existing bounds available in the literature.
Application of Nightingale's Theory in Nursing Practice

When nursing practice is guided by a theoretical framework, it serves as an organizing model for a body of knowledge. This paper described a clinical scenario which was analyzed through Florence Nightingale’s Environmental theory. Nightingale defined 13 canons of environment and she gave a detailed description of each aspect. Her major canons include: ventilation, light, noise, cleanliness of rooms/walls, bed and bedding, personal cleanliness, and taking food. According to Nightingale, if nurses modify patients environment according to her canons of environment, she can help patient to restore his usual health or bring patient in recovery. This was also reflected in the clinical scenario. Hence, Nightingale provided a basis for providing holistic care to the patients and it is still applicable today. From the scenario, it is recommended that, at community level, people should be given awareness regarding basic environmental hygiene through media and Lady Health Visitors. ’ At hospital level, if checklist regarding environmental factors is attached in patient’s bedside folder then it will compel nurses for its implementation and hence will result in positive effects on patient’s condition.
Correlation Between Uncoupled Conductance-Based Integrate-and-Fire Neurons Due to Common and Synchronous Presynaptic Firing

We investigate the firing characteristics of conductance-based integrate- and-fire neurons and the correlation of firing for uncoupled pairs of neurons as a result of common input and synchronous firing of multiple synaptic inputs. Analytical approximations are derived for the moments of the steady state potential and the effective time constant. We show that postsynaptic firing barely depends on the correlation between inhibitory inputs; only the inhibitory firing rate matters. In contrast, both the degree of synchrony and the firing rate of excitatory inputs are relevant. A coefficient of variation CV > 1 can be attained with low inhibitory firing rates and (Poisson-modulated) synchronized excitatory synaptic input, where both the number of presynaptic neurons in synchronous firing assemblies and the synchronous firing rate should be sufficiently large. The correlation in firing of a pair of uncoupled neurons due to common excitatory input is initially increased for increasing firing rates of independent inhibitory inputs but decreases for large inhibitory firing rates. Common inhibitory input to a pair of uncoupled neurons barely induces correlated firing, but amplifies the effect of common excitation. Synchronous firing assemblies in the common input further enhance the correlation and are essential to attain experimentally observed correlation values. Since uncorrelated common input (i.e., common input by neurons, which do not fire in synchrony) cannot induce sufficient postsynaptic correlation, we conclude that lateral couplings are essential to establish clusters of synchronously firing neurons.
Extended Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab in Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases Not Receiving Prior Bisphosphonate Therapy

Purpose: Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, suppresses bone resorption. This study evaluated the effects of denosumab in i.v. bisphosphonate (IV BP)–naïve patients with breast cancer-related bone metastases. Experimental Design: Eligible women (n = 255), stratified by type of antineoplastic therapy, were randomized to 1 of 5 blinded denosumab cohorts or an open-label IV BP cohort. Denosumab was administered s.c. every 4 weeks (30, 120, or 180 mg) or every 12 weeks (60 or 180 mg) through 21 weeks. Final efficacy results for up to 25 weeks are reported, including percentage change from baseline in urine N-telopeptide corrected for creatinine (uNTx/Cr) and incidence of skeletal-related events (SRE). Safety results are reported through the end of follow-up (up to 57 weeks). Results: At week 13 and 25, the median percent changes in uNTx/creatinine (Cr) among patients with measurable uNTx were −73% and −75% for the pooled denosumab groups and −79% and −71% for the IV BP group. Among patients with ≥1 postbaseline measurement of uNTx at week 25, 52% (109 of 208) of denosumab-treated patients and 46% (19 of 41) of IV BP–treated patients achieved >65% uNTx/Cr reduction. On-study SREs occurred in 12% (26 of 211) of denosumab-treated patients and 16% (7 of 43) of IV BP–treated patients. Overall rates of adverse events were 95% in denosumab and IV BP groups. No denosumab-related serious or fatal adverse events occurred. Conclusions: In IV BP–naïve breast cancer patients with bone metastases, denosumab suppresses bone turnover and seems to reduce SRE risk similarly to IV BPs, with a safety profile consistent with an advanced cancer population receiving systemic therapy.
Pivotal Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4, Its Adaptor Molecule MyD88, and Inflammasome Complex in Experimental Tubule-Interstitial Nephritis

Tubule-interstitial nephritis (TIN) results in decreased renal function and interstitial inflammation, which ultimately leads to fibrosis. Excessive adenine intake can cause TIN because xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can convert this purine into an insoluble compound, which precipitates in the tubuli. Innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and inflammasome complex, play a crucial role in the initiation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of TLR-2 and -4, Myd88 and inflammasome complex in an experimental model of TIN. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice fed adenine-enriched food exhibited significant renal dysfunction and enhanced cellular infiltration accompanied by collagen deposition. They also presented higher gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, TLR-2, -4, MyD88, ASC and Caspase-1 KO mice showed renoprotection associated with expression of inflammatory molecules at levels comparable to controls. Furthermore, treatment of WT animals with allopurinol, an XDH inhibitor, led to reduced levels of uric acid, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and a downregulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. We concluded that MyD88 signaling and inflammasome participate in the development of TIN. Furthermore, inhibition of XDH seems to be a promising way to therapeutically target the developing inflammatory process.
Molecular Structure, Localization, and Possible Functions of the Myelin‐Associated Enzyme 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotide 3′‐Phosphodiesterase

The protein content of CNS myelin is highly simplified when compared to that of other membranes. The three proteins proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin basic protein (MBP), and 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’phosphodiesterase (CNPase) account for approximatively 40, 30, and 4%, respectively, by weight of total protein. Within PNS myelin, CNPase exists at only about 10% of the level at which it is found in the CNS (Uyemura et al., 1972). CNPase was the first enzyme to be characterized unequivocally as a component of the myelin membrane; previously, myelin was thought to be enzymatically inert (Adams et al., 1963). The enzyme (EC 3.1.4.37) hydrolyses 2’,3‘-cyclic nucleotides to give 2’-nucleotides. The enzymatic activity was first demonstrated in bovine spleen (Whitfeld et al., 1955) and pancreas (Davis and Allen, 1956). Its relationship with myelin was first demonstrated in 1967 (Kurihara and Tsukada, 1967). The evidence that CNPase is highly enriched in myelin and oligodendrocytes is solid and is based on biochemical studies of isolated myelin and oligodendrocytes (reviewed by Sims and Carnegie, 1978; Takahashi, 198 1) and immunohistochemical studies (e.g., Nishizawa et al., 1981, 1985). The present review emphasizes developments in research on CNPase since 1978. A comprehensive review of work prior to 1978 has been published (Sims and Carnegie, 1978).
Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes

Significance What would extensive fishery reform look like? In addition, what would be the benefits and trade-offs of implementing alternative approaches to fisheries management on a worldwide scale? To find out, we assembled the largest-of-its-kind database and coupled it to state-of-the-art bioeconomic models for more than 4,500 fisheries around the world. We find that, in nearly every country of the world, fishery recovery would simultaneously drive increases in food provision, fishery profits, and fish biomass in the sea. Our results suggest that a suite of approaches providing individual or communal access rights to fishery resources can align incentives across profit, food, and conservation so that few trade-offs will have to be made across these objectives in selecting effective policy interventions. Data from 4,713 fisheries worldwide, representing 78% of global reported fish catch, are analyzed to estimate the status, trends, and benefits of alternative approaches to recovering depleted fisheries. For each fishery, we estimate current biological status and forecast the impacts of contrasting management regimes on catch, profit, and biomass of fish in the sea. We estimate unique recovery targets and trajectories for each fishery, calculate the year-by-year effects of alternative recovery approaches, and model how alternative institutional reforms affect recovery outcomes. Current status is highly heterogeneous—the median fishery is in poor health (overfished, with further overfishing occurring), although 32% of fisheries are in good biological, although not necessarily economic, condition. Our business-as-usual scenario projects further divergence and continued collapse for many of the world’s fisheries. Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, $53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual. We also find that, with appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 y to reach recovery targets. Our results show that commonsense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits.
Information archiving with bookmarks: personal Web space construction and organization

Bookmarks are used as "personal Web information spaces" to help people remember and retrieve interesting Web pages. A study of personal Web information spaces surveyed 322 Web users and analyzed the bookmark archives of 50 Web users. The results of this study are used to address why people make bookmarks, and how they create, use, and organize them. Recommendations for improving the organization, visualization, representation, and integration of bookmarks are provided. The recommendations include simple mechanisms for filing bookmarks at creation time, the use of time-based visualizations with automated filters, the use of contextual information in representing bookmarks, and the combination of hierarchy formation and Web page authoring to aid in organizing and viewing bookmarks.
Binding of the Mex67p/Mtr2p Heterodimer to Fxfg, Glfg, and Fg Repeat Nucleoporins Is Essential for Nuclear mRNA Export

It is not known how Mex67p and Mtr2p, which form a heterodimer essential for mRNA export, transport mRNPs through the nuclear pore. Here, we show that the Mex67p/Mtr2p complex binds to all of the repeat types (GLFG, FXFG, and FG) found in nucleoporins. For this interaction, complex formation between Mex67p and Mtr2p has to occur. MEX67 and MTR2 also genetically interact with different types of repeat nucleoporins, such as Nup116p, Nup159p, Nsp1p, and Rip1p/Nup40p. These data suggest a model in which nuclear mRNA export requires the Mex67p/Mtr2p heterodimeric complex to directly contact several repeat nucleoporins, organized in different nuclear pore complex subcomplexes, as it carries the mRNP cargo through the nuclear pore.
Red eye detection with machine learning

Red-eye is a problem in photography that occurs when a photograph is taken with a flash, and the bright flash light is reflected from the blood vessels in the eye, giving the eye an unnatural red hue. Most red-eye reduction systems need the user to outline the red eyes by hand, but this approach doesn't scale up. Instead, we propose an automatic red-eye detection system. The system contains a red-eye detector that finds red eye-like candidate image patches; a state of the art face detector used to eliminate most false positives (image regions that look but red eyes but are not); and a red-eye outline detector. All three detectors are automatically learned from data, using Boosting. Our system can be combined with a red-eye reduction module to yield a fully automatic red eye corrector.
LDPC codes for partial-erasure channels in multi-level memories

In this paper, we develop a new channel model, which we name the q-ary partial erasure channel (QPEC). QPEC has a q-ary input, and its output is either one symbol or a set of M possible values. This channel mimics situations when current/voltage levels in measurement channels are only partially known, due to high read rates or imperfect current/voltage sensing. Our investigation is concentrated on the performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes when used over this channel, due to their low decoding complexity with iterative-decoding algorithms. We give the density evolution equations of this channel, and develop its decoding-threshold analysis. Part of the analysis shows that finding the exact decoding threshold efficiently lies upon a solution to an open problem in additive combinatorics. For this part, we give bounds and approximations.
Statistical description of rotating Kaluza-Klein black holes

We extend the recent microscopic analysis of extremal dyonic Kaluza-Klein (D0-D6) black holes to cover the regime of fast rotation in addition to slow rotation. Fastly rotating black holes, in contrast to slow ones, have nonzero angular velocity and possess ergospheres, so they are more similar to the Kerr black hole. The D-brane model reproduces their entropy exactly, but the mass gets renormalized from weak to strong coupling, in agreement with recent macroscopic analyses of rotating attractors. We discuss how the existence of the ergosphere and superradiance manifest themselves within the microscopic model. In addition, we show in full generality how Myers-Perry black holes are obtained as a limit of Kaluza-Klein black holes, and discuss the slow and fast rotation regimes and superradiance in this context.
Osteogenic Profile of Mesenchymal Cell Populations Contributing to Alveolar Bone Formation

Teeth develop within the surrounding periodontal tissues, involving the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. The alveolar bone originates through the process of intramembranous ossification involving mesenchymal cells from the tooth germ. As most available data are related to endochondral ossification, we examined the molecular background of alveolar bone development. We investigated the osteogenic profile of mesenchymal cells dissected from mouse mandible slices at the stage of early alveolar bone formation. Relative monitoring of gene expression was undertaken using PCR Arrays; this included the profiles of 84 genes associated with osteogenesis. To examine the tooth-bone interface, stages with detectable changes in bone remodelling during development (E13.0, E14.0 and E15.0) were chosen and compared with each other. These results showed a statistically significant increase in the expression of the genes Fgf3, Ctsk, Icam-1, Mmp9, Itga3 and Tuft1, and of a wide range of collagens (Col1a2, Col3a1, Col7a1, Col12a1, Col14a1). Decreased expression was detected in the case of Col2a1, Sox9, Smad2 and Vegfb. To confirm these changes in gene expression, immunofluorescence analyses of Mmp9 and Sox9 proteins were performed in situ. Our research has identified several candidate genes that may be crucial for the initiation of alveolar bone formation and is the basis for further functional studies.
Decadal fCO2 trends in global ocean margins and adjacent boundary current‐influenced areas

Determination of the rate of change of sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2) is important, as the fCO2 gradient between the atmosphere and the ocean determines the direction of CO2 flux and hence the fate of this greenhouse gas. Using a newly available, community‐based global CO2 database (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 3 coastal data set) and a newly developed statistical method, we report that the global ocean margins (within 400 km offshore, 30°S–70°N) fCO2 temporal trends on decadal time scales (1.93 ± 1.59 μatm yr−1) closely follow the atmospheric fCO2 increase rate (1.90 ± 0.06 μatm yr−1) in the Northern Hemisphere but are lower (1.35 ± 0.55 μatm yr−1) in the Southern Hemisphere, reflecting dominant atmospheric forcing in conjunction with different warming rates in the two hemispheres. In addition to the atmospheric fCO2 forcing, a direct warming effect contributes more to fCO2 increase in the western boundary current‐influenced areas, while intensified upwelling contributes more to fCO2 increase in eastern boundary current‐influenced areas.