Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gains from Others’ Losses: Technology Trajectories and the Global Division of Firms

This paper offers new insights into the role of firms versus individuals in driving technology directions, and the extent to which human capital may be lost during industrial shifts. We explore in particular whether (1) firms who move manufacturing offshore slow U.S.-based R&D activities in an emerging technology and (2) the inventors originally within these offshoring firms, leave, and continue innovating in the emerging technology at different institutions. We focus on the 28 leading U.S. optoelectronic component manufactures for telecommunications and the inventors who patent at these firms. In the case of U.S. optoelectronic component manufacturers for telecommunications, offshoring is associated with a decrease in innovation in the emerging technology, but an increase in all other types of patenting. The majority of inventors depart to firms outside the industry and stop work in the emerging technology. However, an important minority of emerging technology inventors at the offshoring firms go to a single onshore firm in the same industry (which gains from others’ losses and subsequently dominates this space). Our results suggest a strong role for firms and firm strategy in driving innovation directions, and the corresponding opportunities faced by individuals.
Children's thinking : cognitive development and individual differences / David F. Bjorklund

A comprehensive book supported by extensive research studies and data, Bjorklund's text presents the broadest coverage of topics in cognitive development. Unlike other books, Bjorklund shows readers how developmental function can help explain individual differences in cognition by covering both the typical pattern of change in thinking observed over time and the individual differences in children's thinking in infancy and childhood. A major theme of this book is the continuous transaction between the embodied child embedded in a social world: although a child is born prepared to make some sense of the world, his or her mind is also shaped by forces in the physical and social environment.
Overcoming aggression : musing on mindfulness and self-control

The ability to restrain oneself from acting on aggressive impulses is arguably a crucial aspect of human functioning and interaction. Yet growing evidence in the literature suggests that people’s self-control resources may be limited and, at times, self-controlled regulation could even increase the association between aggressive triggers and aggressive behaviour. As an alternative, mindfulness practices encourage individuals to be aware and accept their aggression-related thoughts and emotions simply as an ephemeral state rather than to control them. Across four studies, we investigated the possibility that brief, as opposed to extensive, mindfulness exercise may reduce aggression, and whether this potential effect can be separated from a general mechanism of self-control. The relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and aggression were explored in their dispositional forms (Study 1; N = 241). Then, the effect of brief laboratory inductions of mindfulness was tested following manipulations designed to either bolster (Study 2; N = 99) or weaken (cross-cultural samples: Study 3; N = 119 vs. Study 4; N = 110) the resources of self-control. In addition, the potential roles of individual differences in sensitivity to provocations (SP) and frustrations (SF), and self-harm on aggression were also assessed. Results indicated that (i) despite one’s dispositional ability to exert self-control, the presence of a mindful quality uniquely reduced the experiences of anger and hostility, (ii) under the condition of full self-control resource (i.e., after self-control training), mindfulness induction contributed only in reducing more subtle/implicit forms of aggression, and (iii) under lack of self-control resource (i.e., following ego-depleting task), mindfulness induction significantly reduced direct physical aggression after the experience of provocation across cultures. The benefit of mindfulness on aggression appears to be more salient when individual’s self-control resource has been taxed, which operates similarly in Western and non-Western settings. Therapeutic tools focusing on the mechanism for controlling the expression of aggression would benefit from an inclusion of mindfulness-based strategies, as well as an early identification of individual’s sensitivity to different types of aggressive triggers and risks for self-harm. Keywords: mindfulness induction, self-control training, ego-depletion, aggressive behaviour, cross-cultural
Work‐family conflict and job and family satisfaction : Moderating effect of social support among police personnel

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the relationship of work‐family conflict (work‐to‐family conflict and family‐to‐work conflict) with job and family satisfaction among police personnel. Moreover, this study focuses on exploring the moderating effect of social support from co‐workers on the relationship of work‐family conflict dimensions with job and family satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – This study is quantitative in nature. The data for the present study were collected from a total of 148 police personnel based in India.Findings – The results of the study indicate that work‐to‐family and family‐to‐work conflict are negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Moreover, social support from co‐workers is observed to significantly moderate the relationship of work‐to‐family and family‐to‐work conflict with family satisfaction.Research limitations/implications – The research has a few limitations like cross‐sectional nature of the study, use of self‐reported measures for data collection, an.
Child psychiatry: the interface between clinical and developmental research

Synopsis Developmental psychopathology constitutes a research strategy that is concerned with questions about continuities and discontinuities over time (the developmental perspective) and over the span of behavioural variation (the psychopathological perspective). The utility of this approach is discussed in relation to childhood depression, autism and schizophrenia, and the effects of adverse life experiences.
Role of amine structure on carbon dioxide adsorption from ultradilute gas streams such as ambient air.

A fundamental study on the adsorption properties of primary, secondary, and tertiary amine materials is used to evaluate what amine type(s) are best suited for ultradilute CO(2) capture applications. A series of comparable materials comprised of primary, secondary, or tertiary amines ligated to a mesoporous silica support via a propyl linker are used to systematically assess the role of amine type. Both CO(2) and water adsorption isotherms are presented for these materials in the range relevant to CO(2) capture from ambient air and it is demonstrated that primary amines are the best candidates for CO(2) capture from air. Primary amines possess both the highest amine efficiency for CO(2) adsorption as well as enhanced water affinity compared to other amine types or the bare silica support. The results suggest that the rational design of amine adsorbents for the extraction of CO(2) from ambient air should focus on adsorbents rich in primary amines.
The Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPN14 Is a Negative Regulator of YAP Activity

The Hippo (Hpo) pathway is a novel signaling pathway that controls organ size in Drosophila and mammals and is deregulated in a variety of human cancers. It consists of a set of kinases that, through a number of phosphorylation events, inactivate YAP, a transcriptional co-activator that controls cellular proliferation and apoptosis. We have identified PTPN14 as a YAP-binding protein that negatively regulates YAP activity by controlling its localization. Mechanistically, we find that the interaction of ectopic YAP with PTPN14 can be mediated by the respective WW and PPxY motifs. However, the PTPN14 PPxY motif and phosphatase activity appear to be dispensable for the negative regulation of endogenous YAP, likely suggesting more complex mechanisms of interaction and modulation. Finally, we demonstrate that PTPN14 downregulation can phenocopy YAP activation in mammary epithelial cells and synergize with YAP to induce oncogenic transformation.
Multi-robot perimeter patrol in adversarial settings

This paper considers the problem of multi-robot patrol around a closed area with the existence of an adversary attempting to penetrate into the area. In case the adversary knows the patrol scheme of the robots and the robots use a deterministic patrol algorithm, then in many cases it is possible to penetrate with probability 1. Therefore this paper considers a non-deterministic patrol scheme for the robots, such that their movement is characterized by a probability p. This patrol scheme allows reducing the probability of penetration, even under an assumption of a strong opponent that knows the patrol scheme. We offer an optimal polynomial-time algorithm for finding the probability p such that the minimal probability of penetration detection throughout the perimeter is maximized. We describe three robotic motion models, defined by the movement characteristics of the robots. The algorithm described herein is suitable for all three models.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization ofWdPKS1, a Gene Involved in Dihydroxynaphthalene Melanin Biosynthesis and Virulence in Wangiella(Exophiala) dermatitidis

ABSTRACT 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN) is a fungal polyketide that contributes to virulence when polymerized to 1,8-DHN melanin in the cell walls of Wangiella dermatitidis, an agent of phaeohyphomycosis in humans. To begin a genetic analysis of the initial synthetic steps leading to 1,8-DHN melanin biosynthesis, a 772-bp PCR product was amplified from genomic DNA using primers based on conserved regions of fungal polyketide synthases (Pks) known to produce the first cyclized 1,8-DHN-melanin pathway intermediate, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene. The cloned PCR product was then used as a targeting sequence to disrupt the putative polyketide synthase gene, WdPKS1, in W. dermatitidis. The resultingwdpks1Δ disruptants showed no morphological defects other than an albino phenotype and grew at the same rate as their black wild-type parent. Using a marker rescue approach, the intactWdPKS1 gene was then successfully recovered from two plasmids. The WdPKS1 gene was also isolated independently by complementation of the mel3 mutation in an albino mutant of W. dermatitidis using a cosmid library. Sequence analysis substantiated that WdPKS1 encoded a putative polyketide synthase (WdPks1p) in a single open reading frame consisting of three exons separated by two short introns. This conclusion was supported by the identification of highly conserved Pks domains for a β-ketoacyl synthase, an acetyl-malonyl transferase, two acyl carrier proteins, and a thioesterase in the deduced amino acid sequence. Studies using a neutrophil killing assay and a mouse acute-infection model confirmed that all wdpks1Δ strains were less resistant to killing and less virulent, respectively, than their wild-type parent. Reconstitution of 1,8-DHN melanin biosynthesis in awdpks1Δ strain reestablished its resistance to killing by neutrophils and its ability to cause fatal mouse infections.
Argan Oil as an Effective Nutri-Therapeutic Agent in Metabolic Syndrome: A Preclinical Study

The present study aims at examining the effects of argan oil on the three main cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity) and on one of its main complications, neuropathic pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had free access to a drinking solution containing 10% d-glucose or tap water for 12 weeks. The effect of argan oil was compared to that of corn oil given daily by gavage during 12 weeks in glucose-fed rats. Glucose-fed rats showed increases in systolic blood pressure, epididymal fat, plasma levels of triglycerides, leptin, glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, tactile and cold allodynia in association with a rise in superoxide anion production and NADPH oxidase activity in the thoracic aorta, epididymal fat and gastrocnemius muscle. Glucose-fed rats also showed rises in B1 receptor protein expression in aorta and gastrocnemius muscle. Argan oil prevented or significantly reduced all those anomalies with an induction in plasma adiponectin levels. In contrast, the same treatment with corn oil had a positive impact only on triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance. These data are the first to suggest that argan oil is an effective nutri-therapeutic agent to prevent the cardiovascular risk factors and complications associated with metabolic syndrome.
Generating , Locating , and Applying Systematic Edits by Learning from Example ( s ) Ph .

Programmers make systematic edits—similar, but not identical changes to multiple places during software development and maintenance. Finding all the correct locations and making correct edits is a tedious and error-prone process. Existing tools for automating systematic edits are limited because they do not support edit generation, edit location suggestion, or edit application at the same time, except for specialized or trivial edits. However, since many similar changes are needed in locations that contain similar context (the surrounding dependent code and syntactic structures), there is an opportunity to automate the systematic editing process by inferring edit scripts and characterizing their context from code that developers changed already. The challenge is we need to abstract and generalize from example(s) in order to create an edit script that is correct in many different contexts. This thesis seeks to substantially improve the efficiency and correctness of automatic systematic program transformation. (1) We design and implement Sydit to generate an abstract, context-aware edit script from a single changed method, and apply it to user-selected target method(s). This approach correctly performs many edits, but we show that the edit scripts from one example are not well suited to finding new locations. (2) We thus design and implement Lase to generate a partially abstract, context-aware edit script from multiple changed methods and show how to use the same script to automatically find edit locations and apply edits. Our experiments compare the systematic edits generated by Lase and those created by developers and find that Lase is effective at finding correct locations and making correct edits. (3) We propose to explore a new approach to generate high-level, collaborative edit scripts that span more than one method to handle sophisticated program transformations, such as refactoring. (4) Finally, we propose an approach for checking the correctness of the transformations. Our work aims at relieving developers from tedious and error-prone code changes by performing systematic transformations in a consistent way, and by guiding automated program repair, feature addition, and refactoring.
Principles of docking: An overview of search algorithms and a guide to scoring functions

The docking field has come of age. The time is ripe to present the principles of docking, reviewing the current state of the field. Two reasons are largely responsible for the maturity of the computational docking area. First, the early optimism that the very presence of the “correct” native conformation within the list of predicted docked conformations signals a near solution to the docking problem, has been replaced by the stark realization of the extreme difficulty of the next scoring/ranking step. Second, in the last couple of years more realistic approaches to handling molecular flexibility in docking schemes have emerged. As in folding, these derive from concepts abstracted from statistical mechanics, namely, populations. Docking and folding are interrelated. From the purely physical standpoint, binding and folding are analogous processes, with similar underlying principles. Computationally, the tools developed for docking will be tremendously useful for folding. For large, multidomain proteins, domain docking is probably the only rational way, mimicking the hierarchical nature of protein folding. The complexity of the problem is huge. Here we divide the computational docking problem into its two separate components. As in folding, solving the docking problem involves efficient search (and matching) algorithms, which cover the relevant conformational space, and selective scoring functions, which are both efficient and effectively discriminate between native and non‐native solutions. It is universally recognized that docking of drugs is immensely important. However, protein–protein docking is equally so, relating to recognition, cellular pathways, and macromolecular assemblies. Proteins function when they are bound to other molecules. Consequently, we present the review from both the computational and the biological points of view. Although large, it covers only partially the extensive body of literature, relating to small (drug) and to large protein–protein molecule docking, to rigid and to flexible. Unfortunately, when reviewing these, a major difficulty in assessing the results is the non‐uniformity in the formats in which they are presented in the literature. Consequently, we further propose a way to rectify it here. Proteins 2002;47:409–443. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Surface Roughness on Aerodynamic Performance of a Wind Turbine Airfoil

The two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the SST k-Â? turbulence model are used to investigate the aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine airfoil under clean and rough surface conditions. The DU 95-W-180 airfoil is analysized, which is widely used in wind turbines. The numerical simulation of the airfoil under clean surface condition is performed, and the numerical results have a good consistency with the experimental data. The studies in the effects of surface roughness on performance of the airfoil are mainly as follows:computation of the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient of the airfoil under different roughness heights on full surface and different roughness locations; the trends of the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient changing with the roughness heights and roughness locations; the critical value of roughness height and roughness location; the trends of the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient changing with the roughness heights at the critical locations. Furthermore, the unsteady flow field analysis of vortex shedding induced by the surface roughness is performed.
Correct targeting of dihydropyridine receptors and triadin in dyspedic mouse skeletal muscle in vivo

Excitation‐contraction coupling in skeletal muscle involves junctions (triads and dyads) between sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and transverse (T) ‐ tubules. Two proteins of the junctional SR, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and triadin and one protein of T tubules, dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) are located at these junctions. We studied the targeting of DHPRs and triadin to T‐tubules and SR in skeletal muscles of dyspedic mouse embryos lacking RyR1. In normal differentiating muscle fibers DHPRs, triadin and RyRs are located in intensely immunolabeled foci that are randomly distributed across the fiber. Correlation with electron microscopy and with previous studies indicates that the foci represent the location of triads and dyads. In dyspedic fibers DHPRs and triadin antibodies stain internal foci of the two proteins; RyR antibodies are completely negative. The appearance and location of the foci in dyspedic fibers is similar to that of normal muscle, but their fluorescent intensity is weaker. The SR Ca‐ATPase has more diffuse distribution than triadin in both normal and dyspedic fibers. These observations indicate that an interaction with RyRs is not necessary for the appropriate targeting of DHPRs or triadin to junctional domains of T tubules and SR respectively. Dev Dyn 1999;214:372–380. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wavelet-Based Image Estimation : An Empirical Bayes Approach Using Jeffreys ’ Noninformative Prior

The sparseness and decorrelation properties of the discrete wavelet transform have been exploited to develop powerful denoising methods. However, most of these methods have free parameters which have to be adjusted or estimated. In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based denoising technique without any free parameters; it is, in this sense, a “universal” method. Our approach uses empirical Bayes estimation based on a Jeffreys’ noninformative prior; it is a step toward objective Bayesian wavelet-based denoising. The result is a remarkably simple fixed nonlinear shrinkage/thresholding rule which performs better than other more computationally demanding methods.
Effects of maturity and criminal experience on adolescents’ analysis of delinquency

In an attempt to prevent the overrepresentation of adolescents in crime, many contemporary Western societies use legal systems based on deterrence and the rational choice model. The current study posits rational choice model is too narrow for use with adolescents, and creates a new model examining associations between the individual components of maturity- sensation seeking, peer influence, risk perception and future orientation- and benefit over cost analysis of delinquency scenarios, moderated by criminal experience. The sample consisted of 16 female and 45 male adolescents detained in a New Hampshire delinquent facility who responded to a questionnaire administered via one-on- one interviews with a facilitator. The findings are limited by the small sample size and lack of variability in the data, however they indicate at least one of the psychosocial factors that comprise maturity of judgment has an independent main effect on benefit and cost analysis. For a number of the other psychosocial factors the relationship appears more complex and appears to be an interaction with other intervening factors, which for one includes criminal experience. These findings have implications for prevention and intervention programs for delinquent youth, indicating a need to focus on particular influences of delinquency. Further research should test this model more thoroughly, with a larger sample size, longitudinal studies and a comparison non-delinquent sample.
Variation in Emergency Medical Services Workplace Safety Culture

Abstract Introduction. Workplace attitude, beliefs, and culture may impact the safety of patient care. This study characterized perceptions of safety culture in a nationwide sample of emergency medical services (EMS) agencies. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 61 advanced life support EMS agencies in North America. We administered a modified version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), a survey instrument measuring dimensions of workplace safety culture (Safety Climate, Teamwork Climate, Perceptions of Management, Job Satisfaction, Working Conditions, and Stress Recognition). We included full-time and part-time paramedics and emergency medical technicians. We determined the variation in safety culture scores across EMS agencies. Using hierarchical linear models, we determined associations between safety culture scores and individual and EMS agency characteristics. Results. We received 1,715 completed surveys from 61 EMS agencies (mean agency response rate 47%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10%, 83%). There was wide variation in safety culture scores across EMS agencies [mean (minimum, maximum)]: Safety Climate 74.5 (min 49.9, max 89.7), Teamwork Climate 71.2 (min 45.1, max 90.1), Perceptions of Management 67.2 (min 31.1, max 92.2), Job Satisfaction 75.4 (min 47.5, max 93.8), Working Conditions 66.9 (min 36.6, max 91.4), and Stress Recognition 55.1 (min 31.3, max 70.6). Air medical EMS agencies tended to score higher across all safety culture domains. Lower safety culture scores were associated with increased annual patient contacts. Safety Climate domain scores were not associated with other individual or EMS agency characteristics. Conclusion. In this sample, workplace safety culture varies between EMS agencies.