Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eclampsia in the United Kingdom

Abstract Objectives: To measure the incidence of eclampsia, establish how often it is preceded by signs of pre-eclampsia, document the morbidity associated with eclampsia, and determine the maternal case fatality rates. Design: A prospective, descriptive study of every case of eclampsia in the United Kingdom in 1992. Information was collected from reviews of hospital case notes and questionnaires to general practitioners. Setting: All 279 hospitals in the United Kingdom with a consultant obstetric unit. Results: Obstetricians and midwives notified 582 possible cases, and 383 were confirmed as eclampsia. The national incidence of eclampsia was 4.9/10000 maternities (95% confidence interval 4.5 to 5.4). Most convulsions occurred despite antenatal care (70%) and within one week of the woman's last visit to a doctor or midwife (85%). Three quarters of first seizures occurred in hospital, of which 38% developed before both proteinuria and hypertension had been documented. Forty four per cent of cases occurred postpartum, more than a third (38%) antepartum, and the remainder (18%) intrapartum. Nearly one in 50 women (1.8%) died, and 35% of all women had at least one major complication. The rate of stillbirths and neonatal deaths was 22.2/1000 and 34.1/1000, respectively. Preterm eclampsia occurred more commonly antepartum and was associated with more maternal complications and fetuses that were small for gestational age, as well as with higher rates of stillbirth and neonatal mortality. Antepartum eclampsia, which was more likely to occur preterm, was associated with a higher rate of maternal complications and a higher neonatal mortality. Both factors (gestational prematurity and antepartum occurrence) contributed independently to the severity of the outcome. Conclusion: Eclampsia occurs in nearly one in 2000 maternities in the United Kingdom and is associated with high maternal morbidity and fatality in cases. It may present unheralded by warning signs. Preterm and antenatal eclampsia seem to be particularly severe.
Object-oriented modeling with UML: a study of developers' perceptions

The object-oriented (OO) approach provides a powerful and effective environment for modeling and building complex systems. It supports a variety of techniques for analyzing, designing, and implementing flexible and robust real-world systems, providing benefits such as encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, and reusability [5, 9]. During the analysis phase, systems analysts abstract concepts from the application domain and describe what the intended system must do, rather than how it will be done. They specify the functional behavior of the system, independently of concerns relating to the environment in which it is ultimately implemented. During the design phase, systems designers define how the application-oriented analysis model will be realized in the implementation environment. Finally, during the implementation phase, the design models are translated into program code using a chosen programming language and, often, into a database implementation using a specific DBMS. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) was adopted as a standard for OO modeling by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 1997. The UML has already found widespread use in diverse domains such as e-commerce, command and control, computer games, medical electronics, banking, insurance, telephony, robotics,
Negative Correlation in Graphs and Matroids

The following two conjectures arose in the work of Grimmett and Winkler, and Pemantle: the uniformly random forest F and the uniformly random connected subgraph C of a finite graph G have the edge-negative association property. In other words, for all distinct edges e and f of G, the probability that F (respectively, C) contains e conditioned on containing f is less than or equal to the probability that F (respectively, C) contains e. Grimmett and Winkler showed that the first conjecture is true for all simple graphs on 8 vertices and all graphs on 9 vertices with at most 18 edges. In this paper, we describe an infinite, nontrivial class of graphs and matroids for which a generalized version of both conjectures holds.
Tax secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tax detection in plasma of patients with human T‐lymphotropic virus‐type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and asymptomatic carriers

Human T‐lymphotropic virus‐type 1 (HTLV‐1) is the etiologic agent of the neurologic disease HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Tax viral protein plays a critical role in viral pathogenesis. Previous studies suggested that extracellular Tax might involve cytokine‐like extracellular effects. We evaluated Tax secretion in 18 h‐ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultures from 15 HAM/TSP patients and 15 asymptomatic carriers. Futhermore, Tax plasma level was evaluated from other 12 HAM/TSP patients and 10 asymptomatic carriers. Proviral load and mRNA encoding Tax were quantified by PCR and real‐time RT‐PCR, respectively. Intracellular Tax in CD4(+)CD25(+) cells occurred in 100% and 86.7% of HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers, respectively. Percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tax+, proviral load and mRNA encoding Tax were significantly higher in HAM/TSP patients. Western blot analyses showed higher secretion levels of ubiquitinated Tax in HAM/TSP patients than in asymptomatic carriers. In HTLV‐1‐infected subjects, Western blot of plasma Tax showed higher levels in HAM/TSP patients than in asymptomatic carriers, whereas no Tax was found in non‐infected subjects. Immunoprecipitated plasma Tax resolved on SDS–PAGE gave two major bands of 57 and 48 kDa allowing identification of Tax and Ubiquitin peptides by mass spectrometry. Relative percentage of either CD4(+)CD25(+) Tax+ cells, or Tax protein released from PBMCs, or plasma Tax, correlates neither with tax mRNA nor with proviral load. This fact could be explained by a complex regulation of Tax expression. Tax secreted from PBMCs or present in plasma could potentially become a biomarker to distinguish between HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers. J. Med. Virol. 88:521–531, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validity of a Self-Administered Questionnaire for Assessing Physical Work Loads in a General Population

Learning ObjectivesDescribe the design and rationale for this study evaluating eight questions on perceived physical load that are commonly a part of public health questionnaires.Recount the findings on validity of the eight physical-load questions, and the implications for which questions may be retained and which should be redesigned.Explain whether and how these findings were influenced by gender, type of work, and the presence of musculoskeletal complaints. The aim of the study was to evaluate eight questions concerning physical loads, used in public health questionnaires. Working women and men (203) completed a self-administered questionnaire twice, following a test-retest method. The questions were also validated with a structured interview. Response agreement was calculated with Cohen’s &kgr; statistics with quadratic weights (&kgr;w). Test-retest agreement varied from 0.74 to 0.92, and inter-method agreement from 0.38 to 0.81. The lowest coefficients were for the questions concerning bent/twisted work postures (&kgr;w 0.38) and repetitive movements (&kgr;w 0.39). The results did not indicate any substantial influence of gender, type of work or musculoskeletal complaint. The questions concerning general physical activity and sitting work postures, and physical exercise/sports during leisure times, had good validity. The questions concerning bent/twisted work posture and repetitive movements need to be re-designed.
Vitamin d and physical activity status: associations with five-year changes in body composition and muscle function in community-dwelling older adults.

CONTEXT High vitamin D and physical activity (PA) levels are independently associated with improved body composition and muscle function in older adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and PA status in maintenance of body composition and muscle function in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a 5-year prospective population-based study of Australian community-dwelling older adults. PARTICIPANTS Participants in the study included 615 community-dwelling volunteers aged 50 years old or older [61.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD) y; 48% female] randomly selected from electoral rolls and categorized according to baseline serum 25OHD (≥ or <50 nmol/L) and PA (≥ or <10,000 pedometer determined steps/d) levels as follows: high 25OHD and high PA (VitD+PA+); high 25OHD and low PA (VitD+PA-); low 25OHD and high PA (VitD-PA+); and low 25OHD and low PA (VitD-PA-). A subset of 518 participants completed accelerometer assessments during follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition and lower-limb muscle function were measured. RESULTS VitD+PA+ had significantly smaller increases in body fat over 5 years compared with other groups (all P < .05). Higher baseline pedometer-determined PA resulted in declines in total body fat (β = -.23 kg per 100 steps/d, P = .001) over 5 years for participants with high 25OHD but not those with low 25OHD (P > .05). Among participants with accelerometer data, these associations were generally mediated by higher levels of moderate/vigorous PA. CONCLUSIONS High vitamin D status appears to enhance PA-related declines in body fat during aging, but the mechanism may be greater amounts of outdoor moderate/vigorous PA rather than a direct effect of 25OHD.
Superluminous supernovae: 56Ni power versus magnetar radiation

Much uncertainty surrounds the origin of superluminous supernovae (SNe). Motivated by the discovery of the Type Ic SN 2007bi, we study its proposed association with a pair-instability SN (PISN). We compute stellar evolution models for primordial ∼200 M_⊙ stars, simulating the implosion/explosion due to the pair-production instability, and use them as inputs for detailed non-local thermodynamic equilibrium time-dependent radiative transfer simulations that include non-local energy deposition and non-thermal processes. We retrieve the basic morphology of PISN light curves from red supergiant, blue supergiant and Wolf–Rayet (WR) star progenitors. Although we confirm that a progenitor 100 M_⊙ helium core (PISN model He100) fits well the SN 2007bi light curve, the low ratios of its kinetic energy and ^(56)Ni mass to the ejecta mass, similar to standard core-collapse SNe, conspire to produce cool photospheres, red spectra subject to strong line blanketing and narrow-line profiles, all conflicting with SN 2007bi observations. He-core models of increasing ^(56)Ni-to-ejecta mass ratio have bluer spectra, but still too red to match SN 2007bi, even for model He125 – the effect of ^(56)Ni heating is offset by the associated increase in blanketing. In contrast, the delayed injection of energy by a magnetar represents a more attractive alternative to reproduce the blue, weakly blanketed and broad-lined spectra of superluminous SNe. The extra heat source is free of blanketing and is not explicitly tied to the ejecta. Experimenting with an ∼9 M_⊙ WR-star progenitor, initially exploded to yield an ∼1.6 B SN Ib/c ejecta but later influenced by tunable magnetar-like radiation, we produce a diversity of blue spectral morphologies reminiscent of SN 2007bi, the peculiar Type Ib SN 2005bf and superluminous SN 2005ap-like events.
Inhibitory Effects of Benzoate on Chiral Inversion and Clearance of NG-Nitro-Arginine in Conscious Rats

NG-nitro-arginine (NNA) is known to exhibit stereoselective pharmacokinetics in which NG-nitro-d-arginine (d-NNA) has a faster clearance rate than NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) in anesthetized rats, and d-NNA undergoes unidirectional chiral inversion. It was postulated that chiral inversion of d-NNA was performed in a two-step pathway by d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) followed by an unidentified transaminase. Such chiral inversion contributes (at least partially) to the pharmacokinetic stereoselectivity of NNA. This study used the selective inhibitor of DAAO, sodium benzoate, to test the above hypothesis. An i.v. bolus injection of d-NNA (32 mg/kg) and l-NNA (16 mg/kg) in conscious rats exhibited biphasic disposition with different pharmacokinetic parameters in a stereospecific manner (approximately 5–10-fold differences). Unidirectional chiral inversion of d-NNA but not l-NNA was found from these animals. In addition to its similar inhibitory effects on the d-NNA conversion and DAAO activity in kidney homogenates, sodium benzoate completely blocked chiral inversion of d-NNA and led to a smaller stereospecific difference, reflected by a nearly 50% reduction of d-NNA clearance and a 2-fold increase in t1/2 and area under the curve of d-NNA in benzoate-pretreated rats. The results suggest that DAAO plays an essential role in chiral inversion of d-NNA and chiral inversion contributes mostly to the pharmacokinetic stereospecificity of NNA.
Mutation analysis of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) in patients with Rett syndrome

Editor—Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) involves measurement of neonatal blood spot immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT),1 followed by gene mutation analysis in those with a raised (>99th centile) immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT). 2 Screening with this IRT/DNA protocol has been shown, from a number of centres, to detect a greater number of ΔF508 heterozygotes than expected from the known carrier frequency of ΔF508. 1-3 The reason for this is unknown but may be explained if ΔF508, on its own, affects pancreatic function. If this is true, then the frequency of ΔF508 should increase with increasing values of neonatal trypsinogen. It has also been shown that the intron 8 polythymidine tract sequence 5T (IVS8-5T) is more frequent in neonates with hypertrypsinaemia.4 5 The intron 8 polythymidine sequence regulates the splicing of exon 9 in transcription of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). 6 IVS8-5T is associated with the least efficient splicing of CFTR, but whether the frequency of IVS8-5T increases with increasing level of IRT, in the absence of another mutation, is unknown. The relationship between neonatal immunoreactive trypsinogen, ΔF508, and IVS8-5T has not been defined. To answer this question we studied the frequency of ΔF508 and IVS8-5T from neonatal blood spots systematically in IRT strata below the 99th centile cut off normally used for DNA testing. Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis using day 4 blood spots on filter paper cards is routine in Victoria, Australia. The measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) by fluoroimmunoassay is the primary screen, with the IRT values being normally distributed, and the top 1% being selected for ΔF508 mutation analysis.7 We divided newborn screening cards into six strata, based on IRT value below the 99th centile, and 105 cards were selected at random from each strata. We chose an IRT value …
Thermodynamic stability criteria for a quantum memory based on stabilizer and subsystem codes

We discuss several thermodynamic criteria that have been introduced to characterize the thermal stability of a self-correcting quantum memory. We first examine the use of symmetry-breaking fields in analyzing the properties of self-correcting quantum memories in the thermodynamic limit; we show that the thermal expectation values of all logical operators vanish for any stabilizer and any subsystem code in any spatial dimension. On the positive side, we generalize the results of Alicki et al to obtain a general upper bound on the relaxation rate of a quantum memory at nonzero temperature, assuming that the quantum memory interacts via a Markovian master equation with a thermal bath. This upper bound is applicable to quantum memories based on either stabilizer or subsystem codes.
Paper Number: 1825 Composite Cure Process Modeling and Simulations using COMPRO and Validation of Residual Strains using Fiber Optics Sensors

Composite cure process induced residual strains and warping deformations in composite components present significant challenges in the manufacturing of advanced composite structure. As a part of the Manufacturing Process and Simulation initiative of the NASA Advanced Composite Project (ACP), research is being conducted on the composite cure process by developing an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms by which the process induced factors influence the residual responses. In this regard, analytical studies have been conducted on the cure process modeling of composite structural parts with varied physical, thermal, and resin flow process characteristics. The cure process simulation results were analyzed to interpret the cure response predictions based on the underlying physics incorporated into the modeling tool. In the cure-kinetic analysis, the model predictions on the degree of cure, resin viscosity and modulus were interpreted with reference to the temperature distribution in the composite panel part and tool setup during autoclave or hot-press curing cycles. In the fiber-bed compaction simulation, the pore pressure and resin flow velocity in the porous media models, and the compaction strain responses under applied pressure were studied to interpret the fiber volume fraction distribution predictions. In the structural simulation, the effect of temperature on the resin and ply modulus, and thermal coefficient changes during curing on predicted mechanical strains and chemical cure shrinkage strains were studied to understand the residual strains and stress response predictions. In addition to computational analysis, experimental studies were conducted to measure strains during the curing of laminated panels by means of optical fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) embedded in the resin impregnated panels. The residual strain measurements from laboratory tests were then compared with the analytical model predictions. The paper describes the cure process procedures and residual strain predications, and discusses pertinent experimental results from the validation studies. 1 Thammaiah Sreekantamurthy, Analytical Mechanics Associates, Mail Stop 226, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681-2199. 2 Tyler B. Hudson, National Institute of Aerospace, Mail Stop 226, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681-2199. 3 Tan-Hung Hou, Mail Stop 226, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681-2199. 4 Brian W. Grimsley, Mail Stop 226, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681-2199.
Identification of Druggable Targets for Radiation Mitigation Using a Small Interfering RNA Screening Assay

Currently, there is a serious absence of pharmaceutically attractive small molecules that mitigate the lethal effects of an accidental or intentional public exposure to toxic doses of ionizing radiation. Moreover, cellular systems that emulate the radiobiologically relevant cell populations and that are suitable for high-throughput screening have not been established. Therefore, we examined two human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell lines for use in an unbiased phenotypic small interfering RNA (siRNA) assay to identify proteins with the potential of being drug targets for the protection of human cell populations against clinically relevant ionizing radiation doses that cause acute radiation syndrome. Of the two human cell lines tested, NCCIT cells had optimal growth characteristics in a 384 well format, exhibited radiation sensitivity (D0 = 1.3 ± 0.1 Gy and ñ = 2.0 ± 0.6) comparable to the radiosensitivity of stem cell populations associated with human death within 30 days after total-body irradiation. Moreover, they internalized siRNA after 4 Gy irradiation enabling siRNA library screening. Therefore, we used the human NCCIT cell line for the radiation mitigation study with a siRNA library that silenced 5,520 genes known or hypothesized to be potential therapeutic targets. Exploiting computational methodologies, we identified 113 siRNAs with potential radiomitigative properties, which were further refined to 29 siRNAs with phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (p85α) being among the highest confidence candidate gene products. Colony formation assays revealed radiation mitigation when the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 was given after irradiation of 32D cl 3 cells (D0 = 1.3 ± 0.1 Gy and ñ = 2.3 ± 0.3 for the vehicle control treated cells compared to D0 = 1.2 ± 0.1 Gy and ñ = 6.0 ± 0.8 for the LY294002 treated cells, P = 0.0004). LY294002 and two other PI3K inhibitors, PI 828 and GSK 1059615, also mitigated radiation-induced apoptosis in NCCIT cells. Treatment of mice with a single intraperitoneal LY294002 dose of 30 mg/kg at 10 min, 4, or 24 h after LD50/30 whole-body dose of irradiation (9.25 Gy) enhanced survival. This study documents that an unbiased siRNA assay can identify new genes, signaling pathways, and chemotypes as radiation mitigators and implicate the PI3K pathway in the human radiation response.
How Does Popularity Information Affect Choices? A Field Experiment

Popularity information is usually thought to reinforce existing sales trends by encouraging customers to flock to mainstream products with broad appeal. We propose an opposite hypothesis: popularity information may benefit niche products with narrow appeal disproportionately, because the same level of popularity implies higher quality for narrow-appeal products than for broad-appeal products. We examine this hypothesis empirically using field experiment data from a web site that lists wedding service vendors. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that popular narrow-appeal vendors receive more visits than popular broad-appeal vendors after the introduction of popularity information.
Does patella resurfacing really matter? Pain and function in 972 patients after primary total knee arthroplasty

Background and purpose Resurfacing of the patella during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often recommended based on higher revision rates in non-resurfaced knees. As many of these revisions are insertions of a patella component due to pain, and since only patients with a non-resurfaced patella have the option of secondary resurfacing, we do not really know whether these patients have more pain and poorer function. The main purpose of the present paper was therefore to assess pain and function at least 2 years after surgery for unrevised primary non-resurfaced and resurfaced TKA, and secondary among prosthesis brands. Methods Information needed to calculate subscales from the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was collected in a questionnaire given to 972 osteoarthritis patients with intact primary TKAs that had been reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Pain and satisfaction on visual analog scales and improvement in EQ-5D index score ΔEQ-5D) were also used as outcomes. Outcomes were measured on a scale from 0 to 100 units (worst to best). To estimate differences in mean scores, we used multiple linear regression with adjustment for possible confounders. Results We did not observe any differences between resurfacing and non-resurfacing in any outcome, with estimated differences of ≤ 1.4 units and p-values of > 0.4. There was, however, a tendency of better results for the NexGen implant as compared to the reference brand AGC for symptoms (difference = 4.9, p = 0.05), pain (VAS) (difference = 8.3, p = 0.004), and satisfaction (VAS) (difference = 7.9, p = 0.02). However, none of these differences reached the stated level of minimal perceptible clinical difference. Interpretation Resurfacing of the patella has no clinical effect on pain and function after TKA. Differences between the brands investigated were small and they were assumed to be of minor importance.