Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Antioxidant Treatment and Delayed Hypothermia After Hypoxia–Ischemia Have No Additive Neuroprotection in Newborn Pigs

BACKGROUND: The implementation and clinical efficacy of hypothermia in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) encephalopathy are limited, in part, by the delay in instituting hypothermia and access to equipment. In a piglet model of HI, half of the neurons in putamen already showed ischemic cytopathology by 6 hours of recovery. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with the superoxide dismutase–catalase mimetic EUK-134 at 30 minutes of recovery provides additive neuronal protection when combined with 1 day of whole-body hypothermia implemented 4 hours after resuscitation. METHODS: Anesthetized piglets were subjected to 40 minutes of hypoxia (10% inspired oxygen) followed by 7 minutes of airway occlusion and resuscitation. Body temperature was maintained at 38.5°C in normothermic groups and at 34°C in hypothermic groups. All groups were mechanically ventilated, sedated, and received muscle relaxants during the first day of recovery. Neuropathology was assessed by profile and stereological cell-counting methods. RESULTS: At 10 days of recovery, neuronal viability in putamen of a normothermic group treated with saline vehicle was reduced to 17% ± 6% (±95% confidence interval) of the value in a sham-operated control group (100% ± 15%). Intravenous infusion of EUK-134 (2.5 mg/kg at 30 minutes of recovery + 1.25 mg/kg/h until 4 hours of recovery) with normothermic recovery resulted in 40% ± 12% viable neurons in putamen. Treatment with saline vehicle followed by delayed hypothermia resulted in partial protection (46% ± 15%). Combining early EUK-134 treatment with delayed hypothermia also produced partial protection (47% ± 18%) that was not significantly greater than single treatment with EUK-134 (confidence interval of difference: –15% to 29%) or delayed hypothermia (–16% to 19%). Furthermore, no additive neuroprotection was detected in caudate nucleus or parasagittal neocortex, where neuronal loss was less severe. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that early treatment with this antioxidant does not substantially enhance the therapeutic benefit of delayed hypothermia in protecting highly vulnerable neurons in HI-insulted newborns, possibly because basal ganglia neurons are already undergoing irreversible cell death signaling by the time EUK-134 is administered or because this compound and hypothermia attenuate similar mechanisms of injury.
A person‐centred approach to investigate the development trajectories of job‐related affective well‐being: A 10‐year follow‐up study

The primary aim of this three-wave 10-year follow-up study was to investigate the intra-individual change trajectories of job-related affective well-being among Finnish managers (n = 402). Job-related affective well-being as indicated by anxiety, depression, comfort, and enthusiasm was measured in 1996, 1999, and 2006. The characteristics of the trajectories were sought from experienced career disruptions (i.e., periods of unemployment or lay-offs) and perceived job insecurity. The growth mixture modelling (GMM) revealed altogether three latent trajectories that differed from each other in their mean levels and regard to changes in job-related affective well-being over time: (1) high and improving well-being (n = 347), (2) decreased well-being (n = 32), and (3) low and improving well-being (n = 23). The associations between job-related affective well-being trajectories and career disruptions depended upon the timing of the career disruptions. In addition, perceived job insecurity is associated with concurrently decreased occupational well-being. Overall, the results highlighted both typical and untypical development trajectories of job-related affective well-being and related career characteristics. The present longitudinal study extends in three waves over a 10-year time period to examine intra-individual change trajectories of job-related affective well-being. The construct of job-related affective well-being is dissected according to Warr's (1987, 2007) theoretical model, which takes into account both positive (i.e., comfort and enthusiasm) and negative (i.e., anxiety and depression) affective states experienced at work. The factors associated with the trajectories of job-related affective well-being are sought from experienced career disruptions (i.e., periods of unemployment or lay-offs) and individuals' career outlook measured in terms of perceived job insecurity for which we utilized the framework of the Vitamin Model (Warr, 1987, 2007). The current study
‘A Brighter and Nicer New Life’: Security as Pacification

The article argues that the process of securing the insecurity of capitalist accumulation might best be understood as a process of pacification. Pacification is closely connected to the Vietnam War, but the article suggests that pacification has a much longer history, linking the original accumulation in the colonies with the movement towards capitalism in the West. Read in this way, pacification is a form of police power, securing the insecurity of capitalist order. This helps us make sense of the permanent ‘wars on . ’ being declared by capitalist states, from the war on drugs to the war on terror, and suggests that ‘pacification’ is a crucial concept for understanding security.
Are Children's False Memories More Persistent than their True Memories?

Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that children's false-memory responses will be well preserved over time, and that under specific conditions, they will be less likely to be forgotten than true-memory responses The reason is that initial true-memory responses are supported by unstable verbatim traces, whereas initial false-memory responses are supported by stable gist Data consistent with these predictions were obtained in three experiments with 5- and 8-year-olds
Exploring relationships between pianists’ body movements, their expressive intentions, and structural elements of the music

Body movements during music performance have been found to be indicative of the performer’s musical intentionality, and contribute to an observer’s perception of expressive playing. This study investigates the effect of structural elements of the score, and the playing of different levels of expression on body movements during a piano performance. Pianists were required to play the same piece in four different performance conditions. Their movements were tracked by an optical motion capture system, and the comparisons that were made between specific parts of the body used, performance condition, and musical score locations were subsequently statistically examined. We found that the head and shoulders exhibited more movement per measure, as well as larger differences between each condition, than the fingers, wrists and lower back. Differences between performance conditions were observed primarily at structurally significant portions of the score, and biomechanical factors also played a role. Moreover, our data supports the view that performers equate playing without expression to playing without nonessential movements.
Synergistic Interaction between the Two Mechanisms of Action of Tapentadol in Analgesia

The novel centrally acting analgesic tapentadol [(−)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol hydrochloride] combines two mechanisms of action, μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonism and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (NRI), in a single molecule. Pharmacological antagonism studies have demonstrated that both mechanisms of action contribute to the analgesic effects of tapentadol. This study was designed to investigate the nature of the interaction of the two mechanisms. Dose-response curves were generated in rats for tapentadol alone or in combination with the opioid antagonist naloxone or the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine. Two different pain models were used: 1) low-intensity tail-flick and 2) spinal nerve ligation. In each model, we obtained dose-effect relations to reveal the effect of tapentadol based on MOR agonism, NRI, and unblocked tapentadol. Receptor fractional occupation was determined from tapentadol's brain concentration and its dissociation constant for each binding site. Tapentadol produced dose-dependent analgesic effects in both pain models, and its dose-effect curves were shifted to the right by both antagonists, thereby providing data to distinguish between MOR agonism and NRI. Both isobolographic analysis of occupation-effect data and a theoretically equivalent methodology determining interactions from the effect scale demonstrated very pronounced synergistic interaction between the two mechanisms of action of tapentadol. This may explain why tapentadol is only 2- to 3-fold less potent than morphine across a variety of preclinical pain models despite its 50-fold lower affinity for the MOR. This is probably the first demonstration of a synergistic interaction between the occupied receptors for a single compound with two mechanisms of action.
Loneliness makes the heart grow fonder (of robots) — On the effects of loneliness on psychological anthropomorphism

Sociality motivation represents an essential driving force for human behavior and well-being. If the need for affiliation is not satisfied and social interaction partners are unavailable, people might use an alternative strategy: Nonhuman entities, such as pets or religious deities are humanized and turned into social agents. We tested this notion in the context of social robotics and investigated whether activating feelings of loneliness would affect perceptions of anthropomorphism. Results showed that lonely people anthropomorphized the robot FloBi more than participants in the control group. Thus, importantly, users' motivational states need to be considered in the context of human-robot interaction (HRI) as they clearly affect judgments of the robotic interaction partner.
The Myth of Marketization

Across the social sciences, a recurring theme is that market production, where goods and services are produced for monetized exchange by capitalist firms for profitmotivated purposes, is replacing non-market production in the advanced economies. The aim of this article is to evaluate critically this marketization thesis. Analysing data on the volume of market and non-market activity in the advanced economies, it reveals not only the relatively shallow penetration of the market sphere but also how for some four decades, contrary to the marketization thesis, the market sphere does not appear to have grown relative to the nonmarket realm. Here, therefore, the view that non-market activity is a vestige of a pre-capitalist past is rejected and its persistence and growth are instead explained in terms of both the prevalence of resistance cultures to marketism and the inherent contradictions embedded in the pursuit of marketization. The article thus concludes with a call to transcend the currently dominant view that the market is victorious, pervasive and hegemonic, and for greater recognition and value to be given to the non-market realm as well as the possibility of alternative futures beyond marketization.
In One Ear And In The Other: The Net Effect of Advertising Frequency

IN ONE EAR AND IN THE OTHER: THE NET EFFECT OF ADVERTISING FREQUENCY Publication No. ______ Brent Andrew Wiethoff, MA The University of Texas at Arlington, 2007 Supervising Professor: Dr. Andrew Clark This research used both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to explore the possible effects and functions that advertising may perform in developing individuals' attitudes. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1984) and Cultivation Theory (Gerbner, 1979), advertising is viewed as a frequently repeated, consistent set of messages that reinforce consumer ideas and values. The net effect of advertising is examined through focus group discussion of high-media/highmaterialist individuals. Results of the study show four themes emerging from advertising (advertisements as an entrance to participation in culture, advertisements as
Bernstein's ‘codes’ and the linguistics of ‘deficit’

This paper examines the key linguistic arguments underpinning Basil Bernstein's theory of ‘elaborated’ and ‘restricted’ ‘codes’. Building on a review of selected highlights from the collective critical response to Bernstein, the paper attempts to clarify the relationship of the theory to ‘deficit’ views and to explore the conceptual roots of Bernstein's position as well as of the linguistics which informs it. The paper finds that Bernstein's theory qualifies as a ‘deficit’ position on a number of counts, most particularly due to the alleged cognitive implications of the ‘codes’. However, the paper argues that no convincing evidence or rationale for the existence of such ‘codes’ has ever been provided. The paper gives support to the argument that Bernstein's ‘code’ theory has its roots in a particular model of literacy and, as such, is best understood as a variant of the more traditional ethno- (and socio-) centric ‘great divide’ perspective. The paper further argues that the relatively recent re-working of Bernstein's position in the work of Ruqaiya Hasan does not succeed in overcoming its principal theoretical and methodological failings.
(Un)seeing like a prison: Counter-visual ethnography of the carceral state

While prisons proliferate in the rural landscape and sites of penal tourism expand, the carceral state structures the available visual and analytic vantages through which to perceive this growing visibility. Using examples from fieldwork in Kentucky, including Appalachian prison communities and a site of penal tourism, this article proposes ‘counter-visual’ ethnography to better perceive the ideological work that the carceral state performs in the spatial and cultural landscape. A counter-visual ethnography retrains our eyes to see that which is not ‘there’ but which structures the contemporary empirical realities we observe, record, and analyze: the ghosts of racialized regimes past, the sediment of dirty industry that seeps into and imbues the present, and the trans-historical and trans-local circulation of carceral logics and epistemologies. In addition, this article suggests the important role images play in shaping alternative vantages from which to better perceive the carceral state with historical, spatial, and political acuity.
Domain-specific Self-concept and Achievement Motivation in the Transition from Primary to Low Middle School

A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate changes in specific aspects of self-concept, motivation and school achievement, and to explore the influence of specific aspects of self-concept on other facets of the self-system after the transition from the fifth grade of primary school to the first year of lower middle school. Ninety-two pupils participated to the study. Each child was required to complete questionnaires to assess domain-specific self-concepts and motivational orientation. Results show areas of both stability and change in the transition from primary to lower middle school. A dynamic model explains relationships among domainspecific self-concepts, motivation and school grades: after the transition the role of competence self-concept increases in importance on influencing the other components of self-system.
Survey Measures of Uncertainty: A Report to the National Election Studies Board on the Use of "Certainty" Questions to Measure Uncertainty About Candidate Traits and Issue Positions

There is little doubt that citizens face an uncertain political world. It is difficult to make predictions about the future and about the possible behavior of politicians in future situations (Downs 1957). Candidates and public figures often have incentives to present ambiguous or vague information to the public (Shepsle 1972; Page 1978). Last, the mass media presents political information to the public in short "spots", which often focus more on the "horserace" than on substantive politics (Patterson 1980).
The personal and social motivation of customers' participation in brand community

Previous studies of brand community (BC) have not specifically discussed customers’ motivation to identify and integrate into BC. Based on a motivation, opportunity, and ability (MOA) perspective, this study proposes there are two major consumer motivations: self- and social-related motivation. Self-related motivation consists of enjoyment and knowledge, while social-related motivation consists of affiliation and social status. These motives, along with the opportunity and ability that customers have, influence their integration into BC. Based on extensive interviews with community members and leaders, this study validates the proposed model through quantitative methods. The findings indicate that self- and social-related motivation play significant roles in members’ identification and integration related to BC. Moreover, opportunity and ability also interact with these motives. Key words: Self-related motivation, social-related motivation, opportunity, ability, social identity, brand community.
Financial Integration, Financial Dependence and Employment Growth

In this paper we analyse the effect of financial integration on employment growth. The results show that financial integration increases employment growth relatively more in financially dependent industries when we use de jure measure of financial integration. Using de facto measures of financial integration, we find that international portfolio equity investments and foreign direct investments increase employment growth disproportionately more in industries that are heavily dependent on external finance. But, external debt has no significant effect on employment growth. We also find that the positive effect of financial integration on employment growth disappears in countries with underdeveloped financial system and extractive institutions.
L'expertise scientifique à destination politique

Apres le scientisme triomphant du 19eme siecle, le 20eme siecle est marque par la prise de conscience progressive de l'absence de coincidence entre progres scientifique et progres humain. Depuis le debut des annees 90, dans la continuite du developpement des preoccupations environnementales, se precise une nouvelle configuration des implications des savoirs scientifiques dans la societe, en liaison avec la notion de risque : suite a une serie de catastrophes technologiques -dont Tchernobyl, l'affaire du sang contamine ou la crise de la vache folle n'ont ete que les plus mediatisees-, les sciences et techniques sont mises en cause en tant que sources d'innovations ; cependant, elles apparaissent plus que jamais indispensables pour faire face a ces risques. L'expertise scientifique a destination politique , consistant a solliciter, dans un processus de decision publique, les capacites de la science a diagnostiquer et a reguler les risques, apparait donc comme un point clef de cette nouvelle configuration. Notre objectif sera d'une part, sans pretendre aucunement a l'exhaustivite, de reconstituer, depuis les annees 60, quelques elements importants de la filiation de la problematique de l'expertise, concue au sens large comme l'integration de savoirs scientifiques dans un processus de decision politique ; d'autre part, de preciser les principaux angles d'approche et enjeux de cet objet qui donne actuellement lieu a une multiplication de reflexions et de travaux, dans un champ pluridisciplinaire.
Peer-Mediated Interventions to Increase the Social Interaction of Children With Autism

A variety of peer-related strategies to improve the social functioning of children With autism have been developed and empirically tested. Peer-mediated strategies typically involve the use of socially competent peers to model and reinforce appropriate social behavior. Promoting peer effort is an important component of such interventions and can be accomplished by altering peer expectations regarding their classmates With autism. Techniques include arranging situations or contingencies to promote optimal peer effort, teaching peers methods for reinforcing target skills in children With autism, teaching peers strategies for initiating interactions With children With autism, and teaching social skills to the children With autism. Peer-related approaches can be understood in the context of social learning theory. Several studies have shoWn that these strategies lead to substantial improvements in the social interactions of children With autism. Future research should continue to explore various peer-mediated socialization interventions, With an increased focus on the role of peer expectations.
Familial (idiopathic) scoliosis. A family survey.

1. Idiopathic scoliosis is a familial condition. 2. The findings suggest either dominant or multiple gene inheritance, but a larger series is needed before a firm conclusion can be drawn. 3. The infantile and adolescent types of scoliosis seem to share the same basic etiology, because their families contain instances of each. 4. Infants with resolving scoliosis have affected relatives in the same proportions as in the main group, suggesting this is a mild form of the same disorder. 5. In this series all infants seen with scoliosis under one year of age had plagiocephaly, which was usually transient. 6. Mental defect and epilepsy are the commonest findings associated with scoliosis. 7. In adolescent scoliosis the age of the mother is significantly raised by comparison with the expected figure for the normal population.
The Resistible Decline of European Science

Using a data set of highly cited researchers in all fields of science, we show that the gap in scientific performance between Europe, especially continental Europe, and the USA is large. We model the number of highly cited researchers in a sample of countries as a function of physical and human capital and a country-specific, factor-augmenting Hicks-neutral productivity term. We find that differences in productivity between Anglo-Saxon countries and other countries are not solely due to differences in the levels of inputs. Not surprisingly, our results reveal the importance of English proficiency. However, they also show that the governance and design of research institutions that characterize Anglo-Saxon countries, as well as a few other countries that have similar institutions, is another critical factor for research output.
Rosiglitazone and carotid IMT progression rate in a mixed cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome: main results from the Rosiglitazone Atherosclerosis Study

Objective. Insulin resistance is associated with progression of atherosclerosis. We assessed the effect of 12 months of treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG) on the progression of carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS).
Gravitational cooling and density profile near caustics in collisionless dark matter haloes

Cold dark matter haloes are populated by high-density structures with sharply peaked profiles known as caustics, which have not yet been resolved by three-dimensional numerical simulations. Here, we derive semi-analytic expressions for the density profiles near caustics in haloes that form by self-similar accretions of dark matter with infinitesimal velocity dispersion. A simple rescaling shows that, similarly to the case of absolutely cold medium, these profiles are universal: they are valid for all caustics irrespective of the physical parameters of the halo. We derive the maximum density of the caustics and show that it depends on the velocity dispersion and the caustic location. We show that both the absolute and relative thickness of the caustic decrease monotonically towards the centre of the halo while the maximum density grows. This indicates that the radial component of the thermal velocities decreases in the inner streams, i.e. the collisionless medium cools down in the radial direction descending to the centre of the halo. Finally, we demonstrate that there can be a significant contribution to the emission measure from dark matter particle annihilation in the caustics.