Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal fluctuation in the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture and its relationship to changing climatic conditions.

Seasonal and climatic variations have been linked to the occurrence of some types of cerebrovascular disease; however, the conditions that lead to intracranial aneurysm rupture are not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether seasonal and climatic conditions are related to intracranial aneurysm rupture. Data provided by the Connecticut Health Information Management and Exchange were analyzed for all patients with a primary diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) for the fiscal years 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1989. Patient records were correlated with climatic conditions for the years 1981 to 1989 obtained from the National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data, and Information Service. During the time periods studied, 1487 patients with a primary diagnosis of aneurysmal SAH were treated by reporting hospitals. Seasonal variation in the incidence of aneurysmal SAH and admission clustering were observed but differed significantly between men and women. Men showed a single large peak in late fall (Roger's r = 11.5, p < 0.005), whereas women had an annual peak occurring in late spring (Roger's r = 10.3, p < 0.01). Substantial climatic change occurred during the 72 hours prior to 10 of the 14 clusters of men who were admitted (p < 0.01, Yates' corrected chi-square 7.33, df = 1). In contrast, clusters of women admitted were not related to preceding climatic change (p > 0.25, Yates' corrected chi-square 0.06, df = 1). Hospital admissions for aneurysmal SAH display seasonal fluctuation, with women showing a different seasonal pattern from men. Changing climatic conditions precede aneurysm rupture in men but not in women, which suggests that weather is causally related to aneurysm rupture in men, and that factors that lead to aneurysm rupture in women may be different from those in men. These data do not explain why weather fronts or gradients are associated with aneurysm rupture in men.
Late Neolithic Plant Remains from Northern China: Preliminary Results from Liangchengzhen, Shandong1

gary crawford, anne underhill , zhi jun zhao, gyoung-ah lee , gary fe inman, l inda nicholas , fengshi luan, haiguang yu, hui fang, and fengshu cai Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6 (gcrawfor@utm.utoronto.ca) (Crawford)/Department of Anthropology, Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (auhill@fieldmuseum.org; gfeinman@fieldmuseum.org; lnicholas@fieldmuseum.org) (Underhill, Feinman, and Nicholas)/Archaeology Program, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia (g.a.lee@latrobe.edu.au) (Lee)/ Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing,China (zjzhao@cass.org.cn) (Zhao)/ Department of Archaeology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (luanfs@sdu.edu.cn; huifang64@hotmail.com) (Luan, Yu, Fang, Cai). 31 viii 04
Chemicals eluting from disposable plastic syringes and syringe filters alter neurite growth, axogenesis and the microtubule cytoskeleton in cultured hippocampal neurons

Cultures of dissociated hippocampal neurons are often used to study neuronal cell biology. We report that the development of these neurons is strongly affected by chemicals leaching from commonly used disposable medical‐grade syringes and syringe filters. Contamination of culture medium by bioactive substance(s) from syringes and filters occurred with multiple manufacturing lots and filter types under normal use conditions and resulted in changes to neurite growth, axon formation and the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. The effects on neuronal morphology were concentration‐dependent and significant effects were detected even after substantial dilution of the contaminated medium. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses revealed many chemicals eluting from the syringes and filters. Three of these chemicals (stearic acid, palmitic acid and 1,2‐ethanediol monoacetate) were tested but showed no effects on neurite growth. Similar changes in neuronal morphology were seen with high concentrations of bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate, two hormonally active plasticisers. Although no such compounds were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, unknown plasticisers in leachates may affect neurites. This is the first study to show that leachates from laboratory consumables can alter the growth of cultured hippocampal neurons. We highlight important considerations to ensure leachate contamination does not compromise cell biology experiments.
Connecting Behaviors and Newlyweds’ Sense of Shared-Meaning and Relationship Satisfaction

The relationship between connecting behaviors, shared meaning, and relationship satisfaction among newlywed couples was explored. Ninety couples were surveyed and assessed for the type and frequency of couple connecting behaviors, shared-meaning, and marital satisfaction. Eleven behaviors were found to distinguish highly satisfied couples from low/moderately satisfied couples. These behaviors were also found to positively correlate with shared meaning. Shared meaning and relationship satisfaction were significantly positively correlated. These results lend support to the hypotheses suggesting that behaviors occurring in early marriage are important to determining relationship satisfaction.
Optimal dose of intravenous oxycodone for attenuating hemodynamic changes after endotracheal intubation in healthy patients

Background: Intravenous oxycodone has been used as an adjunct to anesthetic agents. This study aimed to assess the optimal dose of intravenous oxycodone for the attenuation of the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted. Ninety-five patients were randomly divided into 5 groups based on the oxycodone dose: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 mg/kg. After administering the assigned dose of intravenous oxycodone, anesthesia was induced with thiopental. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline, before intubation, and 1, 2, and 3 minutes after intubation. The percentage increase of BP was calculated as (highest BP after intubation − baseline BP)/baseline BP × 100 (%). The percentage increase of HR was calculated in same formula as above. Hypertension was defined as a 15% increase of systolic BP from baseline, and probit analysis was conducted. Results: Hemodynamic data from 86 patients were analyzed. The percentage increase of mean arterial pressure after intubation in groups 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 was significantly different from that in the control (P < 0.001). For HR, the percentage increase was lower than control group when oxycodone was same or more than 0.1 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Using probit analysis, the 95% effective dose (ED95) for preventing hypertension was 0.159 mg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.122–0.243). In addition, ED50 was 0.020 mg/kg (95% CI, −0.037 to 0.049). However, oxycodone was not effective for maintaining the HR in our study dosage. There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension during induction between groups. Conclusions: Using 0.1 mg/kg of intravenous oxycodone is sufficient to attenuate the increase of BP and HR during induction period in healthy patients. The ED95, which was 0.159 mg/kg, can be useful to adjust the dosage of IV oxycodone for maintain stable BP during induction of general anesthesia.
Interaction between Amyloid-β Pathology and Cortical Functional Columnar Organization

Amyloid-β plaques are one of the major neuropathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plaques are found in the extracellular space of telencephalic structures, and have been shown to disrupt neuronal connectivity. Since the disruption of connectivity may underlie a number of the symptoms of AD, understanding the distribution of plaques in the neuropil in relation to the connectivity pattern of the neuronal network is crucial. We measured the distribution and clustering patterns of plaques in the vibrissae-receptive primary sensory cortex (barrel cortex), in which the cortical columnar structure is anatomically demarcated by boundaries in Layer IV. We found that the plaques are not distributed randomly with respect to the barrel structures in Layer IV; rather, they are more concentrated in the septal areas than in the barrels. This difference was not preserved in the supragranular extensions of the functional columns. When comparing the degree of clustering of plaques between primary sensory cortices, we found that the degree of plaques clustering is significantly higher in somatosensory cortex than in visual cortex, and these differences are preserved in Layers II/III. The degree of areal discontinuity is therefore correlated with the patterns of neuropathological deposits. The discontinuous anatomical structure of this area allows us to make predictions about the functional effects of plaques on specific patterns of computational disruption in the AD brain.
Enhancing the Student Experience for Direct Entrants to the Penultimate Year of Undergraduate Degree Programmes

In higher education, modifications to student induction would be broadly beneficial in order to take account of the changing student population and its increasingly diverse needs. A case study of one rather innovative approach to induction is described where a pre-semester credit-bearing bridging module is mounted. This module is designed for Higher National Diplomates from the Further Education sector who have gained direct entry to the penultimate year of a university degree course. The module has five broad aims: to facilitate general integration into the university; to familiarise students with the main methods of teaching, learning and assessment that they will experience; to develop the skills necessary for successful independent study in higher education; to build self-confidence; and to improve the appropriate skills which will enhance career prospects.
Neural systems for speech and song in autism

Despite language disabilities in autism, music abilities are frequently preserved. Paradoxically, brain regions associated with these functions typically overlap, enabling investigation of neural organization supporting speech and song in autism. Neural systems sensitive to speech and song were compared in low-functioning autistic and age-matched control children using passive auditory stimulation during functional magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. Activation in left inferior frontal gyrus was reduced in autistic children relative to controls during speech stimulation, but was greater than controls during song stimulation. Functional connectivity for song relative to speech was also increased between left inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in autism, and large-scale connectivity showed increased frontal–posterior connections. Although fractional anisotropy of the left arcuate fasciculus was decreased in autistic children relative to controls, structural terminations of the arcuate fasciculus in inferior frontal gyrus were indistinguishable between autistic and control groups. Fractional anisotropy correlated with activity in left inferior frontal gyrus for both speech and song conditions. Together, these findings indicate that in autism, functional systems that process speech and song were more effectively engaged for song than for speech and projections of structural pathways associated with these functions were not distinguishable from controls.
Behavioural outcomes of next-generation family members’ commitment to their firm

Are there variations in behaviours and leadership styles of next-generation family members or descendants who join their family business due to different forms of commitment? Evidence from a dual respondent study of 109 Canadian and Swiss family firms suggests that descendants with affective commitment to their family firms are more likely to engage in discretionary activities going beyond the job description, thereby contributing to organizational performance. Next-generation members with normative commitment are more likely to engage in transformational leadership behaviours. Both affectively and normatively motivated next-generation members use contingent reward forms of leadership. A surprising finding of this study is the binding force of normative commitment on positive leadership behaviours of next-generation members. This study empirically tests the generalizability of the three-component model of commitment to family businesses, a context in which different forms of commitment may play a unique role.
Comparative Advantage and Skill-Specific Unemployment

Abstract We introduce unemployment and endogenous selection of workers into different skill-classes in a trade model with two sectors and heterogeneous firms. This allows us to identify three different channels through which trade liberalization can affect unemployment: specialization, changes in productivity, and mobility. These three channels may work in opposite directions and their relative importance depends on the type of trade (intra-industry trade vs. inter-industry trade) and the skill-class of a worker. We show that the gains from trade are distributed very unequally. When a skilled worker abundant country opens up to trade with a country that is unskilled worker abundant, the biggest losers are the skilled workers in the import sector in the skill abundant country. However, average unemployment among skilled workers goes down, while average unemployment among unskilled workers goes up.
CEO's empathy and salience of socioemotional wealth in family SMEs – The moderating role of external directors

A focus on preserving socioemotional wealth may influence entrepreneurial activities in family firms. In this paper, we identify the emotion of empathy in the family CEO as an antecedent of socioemotional wealth creation. We argue that the presence of one or more external directors can have a direct as well as moderating influence on the relationship between CEO's empathy and the salience of socioemotional wealth to the family CEO. Our empirical tests confirm these hypotheses. Several areas of future research are suggested to incorporate empathy and other emotions in family business studies.
Development of automatism of social judgments.

Abstract : The distinction between automatic and nonautomatic processing has been prominent recently in social cognition, but little research to date has examined the development of automatism of social judgments and other social information processing tasks. This paper reports two studies exploring a number of aspects of the development of automatism, to determine the rate of its development and what theoretically expected correlates can be detected. Results show that automatism can develop relatively rapidly (within a few dozen trials) and requires repeated execution of the same process, not necessarily with the same content. Increases in processing efficiency, the ability to transfer the increased efficiency to new information content, and memory storage are shown to be related to automatism of a process developed through practice. We give a tentative theoretical account that relates these results to others in social cognition and cognitive psychology. Keywords: Social inference; Cognition processes; and Memory.
When Work and Family are in Conflict: Impact on Psychological Strain Experienced by Social Workers in Australia

Abstract The impact of workplace stress and the need for work-life balance are increasingly recognised within social work. Recent theorising on work–family interface suggests that work-related stress cannot be contained within the workplace without it impacting on other life domains such as the family. Similarly, it is claimed that family-related issues also affect what happens at work. The present study examined the impact of different forms of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) on social workers' psychological strain. An online survey of Australian Association of Social Workers members yielded a final sample of 439 responses. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examining the direct effects of work–family conflict on psychological strain showed that respondents experienced all three forms of WFC (time, behaviour, and strain) and two forms of FWC (strain and behaviour), and these were significantly associated with psychological strain. These findings may be useful in developing strategies that aim to reduce conflict, thereby enabling social workers to make meaningful contributions in their work and family lives.
ON FACIAL DISSOCIATION

In a se~ies of piiblicatioas 1922-1924 1 clenionstratetl that ill ceiitral facial paresis eiiiotional iiiovettieiits iiiay sliow ail exaggeratioii (acvelerittioii, acc*eiituatioii aiitl proloiigatioii) 011 the paretic side. Aiicl I veiitiwed to 1)ut forth tlie tlieoiay that we liere have N “ph6iioindiie de liberatioii”, siiggestiiig that the eiiiotioiial iiiotor apparatus beiiig “iioriiiullg subjected to it coiitiiiuoua iiiliibition by the voluiitary iiiotor veiitiw, iwobably exerted through the pyraiiiiclal fibres’. ”’)
Community-Acquired Infection With Healthcare-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Role of Home Nursing Care

Objective. To better understand the role of indirect transmission in community-acquired infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Design. Prospective case-control study. Setting. A French teaching hospital. Patients. A total of 198 case patients and 198 control patients with MRSA or methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infection diagnosed between April 2002 and July 2003. Results. Multivariate analysis showed a highly significant independent link between MRSA infection at admission and prior receipt of home nursing care (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; P<.001). Other independent risk factors were prior hospitalization (OR, 3.8; P<.001), transfer from another institution (OR, 2.3; P = .008), and age older than 65 years (OR, 1.6; P = .04). Prior home nursing care showed a frequency dose-response relationship. Eleven MRSA-infected patients had had home nursing procedures but no hospital stay in the previous 3 years. These patients' MRSA strains were related to the prevalent MRSA clone currently spreading in French hospitals. Conclusion. Home nursing care appears to be an independent risk factor for MRSA acquisition in the community. The reservoir probably consists of MRSA carriers discharged from the hospital. Community nurses seem to be a potential vector.
Tonsillectomy: A clinical study comparing the effects of local versus general anesthesia

The purpose of tonsillectomy is the complete removal of the palatine tonsils with minimal blood loss while avoiding unnecessary trauma to adjacent tissue. Despite the fact that advances in modern general anesthetic techniques have lessened risks, it has not been clear what specific differences there are when using local versus general anesthesia for tonsillectomy. In order to provide some objective information as to the advantages or disadvantages of performing tonsillectomy using local or general anesthesia, a retrospective analysis was performed on 73 fully evaluable cases of adult tonsillectomy performed in an 8 1/2‐year period. Approximately one half of these were performed using local and one half general anesthesia. Analyses of the data indicated statistically significant differences in the methods. With local anesthesia the operation required less time, produced less intraoperative hemorrhage, and was less costly. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications or morbidity.
Approaches to Studying: age, gender and academic performance

Summary A total of 245 business studies students (115 females and 130 males) responded to the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI). Consistent with earlier studies, the purposes of the present study were (i) to examine some of the psychometric properties of the RASI; (ii) to investigate whether the RASI was predictive of academic success; and (iii) to investigate the effects of gender, age and programme of study on approaches to studying. The data were analysed using principal components factor analysis. The resulting fit of the RASI subscales to the hypothesised structure was good, thus providing support for the notions of deep, surface and strategic approaches and the lack of direction and academic self‐confidence orientations. The reliability of the ‘lack of direction’ subscale was low. The RASI's ability to predict academic performance investigated using a range of learning performance measures. These data were further analysed in terms of degree programme. Subjects’ mean scores on each of .
Non-structural carbohydrate reserves of eelgrass Zostera marina

The high minimum light requirement of eelgrass Zosfera marina L. suggests that this species has difficulty in maintaining a positive carbon balance except under high fight conditions. The carbon balance of Z. marina can be studied by following seasonal changes in non&ructural carbo- hydrate (NSC) reserves, however, little is known about the seasonal variation in NSC reserves in sea- grasses or the influence of shading on NSC reserve content and distribution. Seasonal changes in eel- grass NSC reserves were measured in a shallow coastal lagoon, Chfncoteague Bay, Maryland/Virgima, USA, near the southern edge of this species' distributional range. Concentrations of sugar varied sea- sonally in leaves, rhizomes and roots, with maxhnum concentrations occurring in the rhizomes. In con- trast, starch concentrations did not vary with the season, but were highest in the roots. Seasonal peaks in rhizome NSC reserves parallel the spring and fall bimodal growth patterns observed for Z. marina in the region. Total NSC reserves change from an estimated 52 to 73 g mJ in June to 4 to 18 g rns2 in Jan- uary, or a decrease of 75 to 92 %. Experimental shading for 3 wk in the spring reduced (p c 0.001) sugar but not starch concentrations in leaves (48%), rhizomes (40%) and roots (51%). ln addition, shading reduced (p e 0.05) leaf biomass (34 %), root and rhizome biomass (23 %) and density (27 Yo). Potential NSC reserve storage during shading was reduced by an estimated 86%. Spring appears to be an important time for both growth and storage of NSC reserves in 2. marina, and the NSC reserves are generally depleted throughout the remainder of the year. Turbidity during thts springtime 'window of opportunity may jeopardize subsequent snrvival as a result of inadequate NSC reserves to maintain a positive carbon balance during the rest of the year.