Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF NOZZLE GEOMETRY EFFECT ON THE INSTABILITIES IN SOLID PROPELLANT BOOSTERS

Introduction The nozzle design effect on sound production is investigated at VKI to improve the understanding of the aeroacoustic coupling that occurs in the Ariane-5 booster. Acoustic measurements performed by means of PCB piezoelectric transducers are taken in a 1/30scale axisymmetric cold flow model of the Ariane5 SRM with purely axial injected flow. Flowacoustic coupling is observed for the nozzles including cavity and an analytical model of the resonance occurrence is developed. Furthermore, the maximum resonance amplitude is highly dependent on the nozzle design. Without cavity, the fluctuations are damped by at least one order of magnitude. The experimental pressure spectra are compared to numerical simulations performed using the code CPS. The frequencies are well simulated by the numerical code even if the pressure levels are overestimated. The nozzle design effect on sound production is also observed numerically. Furthermore, the nozzle cavity modifies the flow field around the nozzle head. With cavity, the recirculation bubble is shorter and the flow close to the nozzle head presents high amplitudes of radial mean velocity and fluctuation. That explains why the vortices break up when interacting with the nozzle head generating acoustic pressure fluctuations. *Ph.D. Candidate, AIAA Student Member t Professor *Head of CFD Group, AIAA Member Copyright © 2000 by the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, with permission. The aeroacoustics of solid propellant booster is currently being investigated at the von Karman Institute (VKI) as a part of the ASSM program (Aerodynamics of Segmented Solid Motors), initiated by the CNES to support the development of the Ariane-5 solid propellant motor (EAP). This accelerator has a segmented combustion chamber consisting of three cylindrical segments and a submerged nozzle (figure 1). Two inhibitor rings ensuring thermal protection separate the three segments. The hot burnt gas flow originates radially from the burning surface of the combustion chamber and then develops longitudinally before reaching the exhaust nozzle. During the combustion, the regression rate of the burning surface is faster than those of the inhibitor rings. Then, the lasts become obstacles into the flow-field and generate a significant risk of hydrodynamic instabilities. Pressure oscillations have been already observed for solid rocket motors, such as the U.S. Space Shuttle, the Titan SRM and the Ariane-5 EAP [1, 2, 3]. Similar results were obtained on sub-scale models of the Ariane-5 booster [4].
Near-lossless Binarization of Word Embeddings

Word embeddings are commonly used as a starting point in many NLP models to achieve state-of-the-art performances. However, with a large vocabulary and many dimensions, these floating-point representations are expensive both in terms of memory and calculations which makes them unsuitable for use on low-resource devices. The method proposed in this paper transforms real-valued embeddings into binary embeddings while preserving semantic information, requiring only 128 or 256 bits for each vector. This leads to a small memory footprint and fast vector operations. The model is based on an autoencoder architecture, which also allows to reconstruct original vectors from the binary ones. Experimental results on semantic similarity, text classification and sentiment analysis tasks show that the binarization of word embeddings only leads to a loss of ∼2% in accuracy while vector size is reduced by 97%. Furthermore, a top-k benchmark demonstrates that using these binary vectors is 30 times faster than using real-valued vectors.
Prevalence and Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Patient-reported Outcomes in CCFA Partners

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with persistent symptoms despite no or minimal inflammation are frequently described as having an overlap of IBD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBD–IBS). Limited data are available on how IBS impacts the individual patient with IBD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IBD–IBS and investigate its impact on patient-reported outcomes. Method: We performed a cross-sectional analysis within the CCFA Partners Study. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between IBD–IBS and various demographic, disease factors, and patient-reported outcomes including anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, pain interference, and social satisfaction. Results: Of the 6309 participants included, a total of 1279 (20%) reported a coexisting IBS diagnosis. The prevalence of IBD–IBS in this cohort was similar within disease subtypes. A diagnosis of IBD–IBS was associated with higher narcotic use compared with those with no IBS diagnosis for both Crohn's disease, 17% versus 11% (P < 0.001) and ulcerative colitis/indeterminate colitis, 9% versus 5% (P < 0.001). Quality of life, as measured by Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) was lower in patients with IBD–IBS compared with those without. IBD–IBS diagnosis was associated with anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, pain interference, and decreased social satisfaction. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with IBD, high prevalence of concomitant IBS diagnosis was observed. IBD–IBS diagnosis was associated with increased narcotic use and adverse patient-reported outcome. Appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and counseling may help improve the functional status of IBD–IBS patients and decrease narcotic use.
Time to push the age limit: Epilepsy surgery in patients 60 years or older

To summarize the existing literature on resective epilepsy surgery (RES) in older adults (≥60 years old) and examine seizure and neuropsychological outcomes in a single‐center large cohort of older adults undergoing RES and their comparison to a consecutive, younger (25‐ to45‐year‐old) adult population who underwent RES in routine clinical practice.
Judgments of Emotion in Clear and Conversational Speech by Young Adults With Normal Hearing and Older Adults With Hearing Impairment.

Purpose In this study, we investigated the emotion perceived by young listeners with normal hearing (YNH listeners) and older adults with hearing impairment (OHI listeners) when listening to speech produced conversationally or in a clear speaking style. Method The first experiment included 18 YNH listeners, and the second included 10 additional YNH listeners along with 20 OHI listeners. Participants heard sentences spoken conversationally and clearly. Participants selected the emotion they heard in the talker's voice using a 6-alternative, forced-choice paradigm. Results Clear speech was judged as sounding angry and disgusted more often and happy, fearful, sad, and neutral less often than conversational speech. Talkers whose clear speech was judged to be particularly clear were also judged as sounding angry more often and fearful less often than other talkers. OHI listeners reported hearing anger less often than YNH listeners; however, they still judged clear speech as angry more often than conversational speech. Conclusions Speech spoken clearly may sound angry more often than speech spoken conversationally. Although perceived emotion varied between YNH and OHI listeners, judgments of anger were higher for clear speech than conversational speech for both listener groups. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5170717.
Does music training facilitate the mnemonic effect of song? An exploration of musicians and nonmusicians with and without Alzheimer’s dementia

ABSTRACT Introduction: The efficacy of using sung words as a mnemonic device for verbal memory has been documented in persons with probable Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), but it is not yet known whether this effect is related to music training. Given that music training can enhance cognitive functioning, we explored the effects of music training and modality (sung vs. spoken) on verbal memory in persons with and without AD. Method: We used a mixed factorial design to compare learning (5 trials), delayed recall (30-min and, 24-hour), and recognition of sung versus spoken information in 22 healthy elderly (15 musicians), and 11 people with AD (5 musicians). Results: Musicians with AD showed better total learning (over 5 trials) of sung information than nonmusicians with AD. There were no significant differences in delayed recall and recognition accuracy (of either modality) between musicians with and without AD, suggesting that music training may facilitate memory function in AD. Analysis of individual performances showed that two of the five musicians with AD were able to recall some information on delayed recall, whereas the nonmusicians with AD recalled no information on delay. The only significant finding in regard to modality (sung vs. spoken) was that total learning was significantly worse for sung than spoken information for nonmusicians with AD. This may be due to the need to recode information presented in song into spoken recall, which may be more cognitively demanding for this group. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that music training modulates memory of sung and spoken information in AD. The mechanism underlying these results is unclear, but may be due to music training, higher cognitive abilities, or both. Our findings highlight the need for further research into the potentially protective effect of music training on cognitive abilities in our aging population.
Characterizing and Detecting Hateful Users on Twitter

Current approaches to characterize and detect hate speech focus on content posted in Online Social Networks (OSNs). They face shortcomings to get the full picture of hate speech due to its subjectivity and the noisiness of OSN text. This work partially addresses these issues by shifting the focus towards users. We obtain a sample of Twitter's retweet graph with 100,386 users and annotate 4,972 as hateful or normal, and also find 668 users suspended after 4 months. Our analysis shows that hateful/suspended users differ from normal/active ones in terms of their activity patterns, word usage and network structure. Exploiting Twitter's network of connections, we find that a node embedding algorithm outperforms content-based approaches for detecting both hateful and suspended users. Overall, we present a user-centric view of hate speech, paving the way for better detection and understanding of this relevant and challenging issue.
Experimental Effects of Mindfulness Inductions on Self-Regulation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Self-regulation is the control of aspects of the self to allow pursuit of long-term goals, and it is proposed as a central pathway through which mindfulness may exert benefits on well-being. However, the effects of a single mindfulness induction on self-regulation are not clear, as there has been no comprehensive review of this evidence. The current review synthesized existing findings relating to the effect of a mindfulness induction delivered in a laboratory setting on measures of self-regulation. Twenty-seven studies were included and grouped according to 3 outcomes: regulation of experimentally induced negative affect (k = 15; meta-analysis), emotion-regulation strategies (k = 7) and executive functions (k = 9; narrative synthesis). A mindfulness induction was superior to comparison groups in enhancing the regulation of negative affect (d = –.28). Executive-function performance was enhanced only when the experimental design included an affect induction or when the outcome was sustained attention. The effect on emotion-regulation strategies was inconclusive, but with emerging evidence for an effect on rumination. Overall, the findings indicate that, in the form of an induction, mindfulness may have the most immediate effect on attention mechanisms rather than exerting cognitive changes in other domains, as are often reported outcomes of longer mindfulness training. Through effecting change in attention, emotion regulation of negative affect can be enhanced, and subsequently, executive-function performance more quickly restored. The interpretations of the findings are caveated with consideration of the low quality of many of the included study designs determined by the quality appraisal tool.
Comparing the osteogenic potential of bone marrow and tendon‐derived stromal cells to repair a critical‐sized defect in the rat femur

Despite significant advancements in bone tissue‐engineering applications, the clinical impact of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for the treatment of large osseous defects remains limited. Therefore, other cell sources are under investigation for their osteogenic potential to repair bone. In this study, tendon‐derived stromal cells (TDSCs) were evaluated in comparison to BMSCs to support the functional repair of a 5 mm critical‐sized, segmental defect in the rat femur. Analysis of the trilineage differentiation capacity of TDSCs and BMSCs cultured on collagen sponges revealed impaired osteogenic differentiation and mineral deposition of TDSCs in vitro, whereas chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation was evident for both cell types. Radiographic assessment demonstrated that neither cell type significantly improved the healing rate of a challenging 5 mm segmental femoral defect. Transplanted TDSCs and BMSCs both led to the formation of only small amounts of bone in the defect area, and histological evaluation revealed non‐mineralized, collagen‐rich scar tissue to be present within the defect area. Newly formed lamellar bone was restricted to the defect margins, resulting in closure of the medullary cavity. Interestingly, in comparison to BMSCs, significantly more TDSC‐derived cells were present at the osteotomy gap up to 8 weeks after transplantation and were also found to be located within newly formed lamellar bone, suggesting their capacity to directly contribute to de novo bone formation. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the in vivo capacity of TDSCs to regenerate a critical‐sized defect in the rat femur. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Close Link Between Harmful Cyanobacterial Dominance and Associated Bacterioplankton in a Tropical Eutrophic Reservoir

Cyanobacteria tend to become the dominant phytoplankton component in eutrophic freshwater environments during warmer seasons. However, general observations of cyanobacterial adaptive advantages in these circumstances are insufficient to explain the prevalence of one species over another in a bloom period, which may be related to particular strategies and interactions with other components of the plankton community. In this study, we present an integrative view of a mixed cyanobacterial bloom occurring during a warm, rainy period in a tropical hydropower reservoir. We used high-throughput sequencing to follow temporal shifts in the dominance of cyanobacterial genera and shifts in the associated heterotrophic bacteria community. The bloom occurred during late spring-summer and included two distinct periods. The first period corresponded to Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) dominance with a contribution from Dolichospermum circinale; this pattern coincided with high water retention time and low transparency. The second period corresponded to Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Synechococcus spp. dominance, and the reservoir presented lower water retention time and higher water transparency. The major bacterial phyla were primarily Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. Temporal shifts in the dominance of cyanobacterial genera were not only associated with physical features of the water but also with shifts in the associated heterotrophic bacteria. The MAC bloom was associated with a high abundance of Bacteroidetes, particularly Cytophagales. In the second bloom period, Planctomycetes increased in relative abundance, five Planctomycetes OTUs were positively correlated with Synechococcus or C. raciborskii OTUs. Our results suggest specific interactions of the main cyanobacterial genera with certain groups of the heterotrophic bacterial community. Thus, considering biotic interactions may lead to a better understanding of the shifts in cyanobacterial dominance.
Image Quality-aware Deep Networks Ensemble for Efficient Gender Recognition in the Wild

Gender recognition is an important task in the field of facial image analysis. Gender can be detected using different visual cues, for example gait, physical appearance, and most importantly, the face. Deep learning has been dominating many classification tasks in the past few years. Gender classification is a binary classification problem, usually addressed using the facial image. In this work, we present a deep and compact CNN (GenderCNN) to estimate the gender from a facial image. We also, tackle the illumination and blurriness that appear in still images and appear more in videos. We use Adaptive Gamma Correction (AGC) to enhance the contrast and thus, get more details from the facial image. We use AGC as a pre-processing step in gender classification in still images. In videos, we propose a pipeline that quantifies the blurriness of an image using a blurriness metric (EMBM), and feeds it to its corresponding GenderCNN that was trained on faces with similar blurriness. We evaluated our proposed methods on challenging, large, and publicly available datasets, CelebA, IMDB-WIKI still images datasets and on McGill, and Point and Shoot Challenging (PaSC) videos datasets. Experiments show that we outperform or in some cases match the state of the art methods.
High Concentration Short Duration Treatment of Benzyladenine Stimulates Adventitious Bud Regeneration from Hypocotyl Explants in Soybean

A new strategy of high concentration short duration treatment of benzyladenine (BA) for enhancing adventitious bud formation from hypocotyl explants were attempted in soybean. It was found that although a regeneration frequency higher than 50% could be achieved by using higher BA concentration, for the induction of possibly more buds while maintaining quality of the buds acceptable, the concentration of BA of 30 mg/l and the treatment duration of 20 min were adopted. Hypocotyls treated only the upper part with BA solution had higher regeneration ability than those treated completely, and hypocotyls geminated on BA free medium had higher regeneration frequency than those geminated on medium containing BA. With the optimized parameters, however, the isolating position on the seedlings for obtaining hypocotyl explants still highly influenced the regeneration efficiency. Three local popular cultivars were tested with little difference in the treating effects, suggesting the validity of this strategy for wider application.
Pollen morphology of subfamily Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) and its taxonomic significance

The Pollen morphology of subfamily Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) from different phytogeographical region of Pakistan has been evaluated. In this research, 16 species belong to 6 genera of subfamily Caryophylloideae have been studied using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for both qualitative and quantitative characters. Different palyno‐morphological features were observed including; pollen ornamentation, pore ornamentation, echini arrangement, echinidensity, number of pori, size of polar and equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, exine thickness, and size of pore were studied. The palyno‐morphological characters of subfamily Caryophylloideae have taxonomically significant in identification and delimitation of species. Two pollen types, i.e., subspheroidal (15 species) and prolate (one species Vaccaria hispanica) were observed. Microechinate‐punctate and microechinate‐perforate pollen ornamentation were examined. Two pollen types of pori, i.e., prominent (5 species) and sunken (11 species) ornamentation have been reported. Three types of echini arrangement have been reported irregular, regular and rather regular, while three type of echinidensity (i.e., medium, dense and sparse) were observed. Pori numbers were found different in different species range from 5 in Silene apetala to 19‐35 in Silene vulgaris. Based on different palyno‐morphological characters, taxonomic key was develop for quick and accurate identification. The quantitative data were processed using SPSS software for average, minimum, maximum, and standard error.
Thermal strategies of king penguins during prolonged fasting in water

ABSTRACT Most animals experience periods of unfavourable conditions, challenging their daily energy balance. During breeding, king penguins fast voluntarily for up to 1.5 months in the colony, after which they replenish their energy stores at sea. However, at sea, birds might encounter periods of low foraging profitability, forcing them to draw from previously stored energy (e.g. subcutaneous fat). Accessing peripheral fat stores requires perfusion, increasing heat loss and thermoregulatory costs. Hence, how these birds balance the conflicting demands of nutritional needs and thermoregulation is unclear. We investigated the physiological responses of king penguins to fasting in cold water by: (1) monitoring tissue temperatures, as a proxy of tissue perfusion, at four distinct sites (deep and peripheral); and (2) recording their oxygen consumption rate while birds floated inside a water tank. Despite frequent oscillations, temperatures of all tissues often reached near-normothermic levels, indicating that birds maintained perfusion to peripheral tissues throughout their fasting period in water. The oxygen consumption rate of birds increased with fasting duration in water, while it was also higher when the flank tissue was warmer, indicating greater perfusion. Hence, fasting king penguins in water maintained peripheral perfusion, despite the associated greater heat loss and, therefore, thermoregulatory costs, probably to access subcutaneous fat stores. Hence, the observed normothermia in peripheral tissues of king penguins at sea, upon completion of a foraging bout, is likely explained by their nutritional needs: depositing free fatty acids (FFA) in subcutaneous tissues after profitable foraging or mobilizing FFA to fuel metabolism when foraging success was insufficient. Summary: Maintenance of near-normothermic temperatures in peripheral tissues of king penguins when fasting in cold water suggests maintained perfusion, presumably to mobilize free fatty acids from subcutaneous adipose tissue.