Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postmortem Fracture Surface Topography: An Investigation Into Differentiating Perimortem and Postmortem Long Bone Blunt Force Trauma Fractures

section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author's express written permission is not allowed. As the copyright holder of this work I, Kelsee C. Hentschel, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank the members of my committee for providing me with their encouragement, help, advice, and knowledge throughout this thesis experience. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Danny Wescott, for all of his help and support throughout this thesis debacle. As I've told you many times, you are awesome. I would also like to thank Dr. Alberto Giordano for all of his help navigating the vast world of Geographic Information Systems, and for being patient with me while I learned his craft. Many thanks also go to Dr. Kate Spradley and Dr. Michelle Hamilton for their time and helpful critiques! I could not have survived graduate school without my friends and cohort members. Your support and encouragement, if only over a Thursday night beer, kept me sane throughout my graduate career, and I thank you all. Finally, my greatest thanks goes out to my parents, Cathy and Brian, my sisters, Amanda and Caitlyn, and my grandmother, Mary, for all of their unwavering support and love throughout this entire process. You all have encouraged me and believed in me, and I cannot emphasize enough my appreciation for your patience with me throughout the past two years.
Crosslinked Plasmalemmal Cholesterol Is Sequestered to Caveolae: Analysis with a New Cytochemical Probe

Θ-Toxin (perfringolysin O), a cholesterol-binding toxin, was partially proteolyzed and biotinylated (BCΘ) to eliminate hemolyzing activity and was used as a cytochemical probe. In fixed cells, binding of BCΘ was intense in the plasma membrane, especially at the base of apical microvilli and in lateral processes. The labeling was abolished by pretreatment with filipin, digitonin, or tomatin. When living cultured cells were treated with BCΘ and then with either fluorescein–avidin D or colloidal gold–streptavidin, the labeling in fine dots was distributed on the cell surface without local concentration as long as cells were kept on ice. When the temperature was raised to 37C after treatment, the probe formed discrete large patches and became sequestered to caveolae. Binding of BCΘ alone without the secondary reagents did not cause redistribution even at 37C. Because the plasma membrane maintains integrity even after binding of BCΘ, the probe can be used not only for cytochemical labeling of fixed cells but for pursuing the behavior of crosslinked cholesterol molecules in living cells. By use of this new probe, the present study revealed that crosslinked cholesterol in the plasma membrane is sequestered to caveolae.
The Role of General Family Functioning in the Quality of the Mother-Daughter Relationship of Female African American Juvenile Offenders

Little investigative knowledge exists with regard to the roles that adolescent-parent relationships play in the development of female juvenile delinquency among African Americans. In the current investigation, the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Assessment of Interpersonal Relations were employed to examine 76 female African American juvenile offenders' perceptions of their existing family functioning characteristics and the quality of their relationships with their mothers. Results indicated that all of the family functioning constructs measured by the FAD, except communication, were positively related to the quality of the mother-daughter relationship as perceived by the daughter. However, when the perceived quality of the relationship was simultaneously regressed on each of the constructs measured by the FAD, only the simple effect of general family functioning appeared to contribute significantly to the quality of the relationship. Findings are discussed in light of the need to further explore delinquency in female African American adolescents and implications for interventions and prevention practices.
miR-212/132 expression and functions: within and beyond the neuronal compartment

During the last two decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as critical regulators of gene expression. By modulating the expression of numerous target mRNAs mainly at the post-transcriptional level, these small non-coding RNAs have been involved in most, if not all, biological processes as well as in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. miR-132 and miR-212 are tandem miRNAs whose expression is necessary for the proper development, maturation and function of neurons and whose deregulation is associated with several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies (neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the pathological aggregation of tau protein in the human brain). Although their involvement in neuronal functions is the most described, evidences point towards a role of these miRNAs in many other biological processes, including inflammation and immune functions. Incidentally, miR-132 was recently classified as a ‘neurimmiR’, a class of miRNAs operating within and between the neural and immune compartments. In this review, we propose an outline of the current knowledge about miR-132 and miR-212 functions in neurons and immune cells, by describing the signalling pathways and transcription factors regulating their expression as well as their putative or demonstrated roles and validated mRNA targets.
Development and analysis of double U-core switched reluctance machine

The switched reluctance technology offers some distinct advantages compared to conventional electric machines, such as simple and cheap construction, robust design, fault tolerant operation and high-speed capabilities. In the last couple of decades, improvements to the conventional SRM have been suggested, though each suggestion is subject to its own weaknesses. This paper presents a novel double U-core technology with short flux paths and efficient use of copper, as well as a unique stator design. The process of design and construction is presented. A demonstrator is build and detailed tests are described together with the results.
An Inducer of VGF Protects Cells against ER Stress-Induced Cell Death and Prolongs Survival in the Mutant SOD1 Animal Models of Familial ALS

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent adult-onset motor neuron disease, and recent evidence has suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Here we identified a small molecule, SUN N8075, which has a marked protective effect on ER stress-induced cell death, in an in vitro cell-based screening, and its protective mechanism was mediated by an induction of VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF): VGF knockdown with siRNA completely abolished the protective effect of SUN N8075 against ER-induced cell death, and overexpression of VGF inhibited ER-stress-induced cell death. VGF level was lower in the spinal cords of sporadic ALS patients than in the control patients. Furthermore, SUN N8075 slowed disease progression and prolonged survival in mutant SOD1 transgenic mouse and rat models of ALS, preventing the decrease of VGF expression in the spinal cords of ALS mice. These data suggest that VGF plays a critical role in motor neuron survival and may be a potential new therapeutic target for ALS, and SUN N8075 may become a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of ALS.
Ethnicity and Spirituality as Risk Factors for Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Men

The present study investigated ethnicity, spirituality, body shame, body mass index (BMI) and age as risk factors for eating disorder symptomatology in men. A representative nonclinical sample of Canadian men (N = 603) was surveyed. Body shame and BMI explained a portion of the variance in eating disorder symptomatology. Ethnicity was indirectly related to eating disorder symptomatology through spirituality, body shame and BMI. Aboriginal men had lower spirituality and Asian men had greater body shame. Older men were at greater risk for eating disorder symptomatology by virtue of higher BMIs and body shame. These findings have implications for assessing men’s health risk factors and developing interventions addressing gender, including beliefs about health and masculinity, and initiatives to promote health.
Hidden school dropout among immigrant students: a cross-sectional study

Actual school dropout among immigrant youth has been addressed in a number of studies, but research on hidden school dropout among immigrant students is rare. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyze hidden school dropout among primary school students with an immigrant background. The analyses were performed using survey data of 1186 immigrant students in Swiss primary schools. Our results show that immigrant students’ academic achievement, their attitudes towards school-related values, and the quality of their relationships with classmates and teachers were significant predictors of their disengagement during classes. Moreover, our findings strongly suggest that those predictors that are important for actual school dropout are crucial for hidden school dropout as well. We conclude that low-achieving immigrant youth who do not value school and who have poor relationships with teachers and peers are especially at risk of hidden and, eventually, of actual school dropout.
The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis using the 125 I fibrinogen test.

A simplified technique for detecting phlebothrombosis of the legs is using radioiodinated fibrinogen. In 88 patients, the accuracy of the test was 92%, as determined by concurrent phlebography. The test was also applied in 784 patients in various high risk groups, wherein the incidence of phlebothrombosis was as follows: 469 elective surgical patients, 27.8%; 50 patients with hip fractures, 54%; 42 patients undergoing prostatectomy, 23.8%; 100 obstetric patients, 3%; 92 women undergoing major gynecological surgery, 18.8%; and 31 patients with proven myocardial infarction, 19%. The method was also useful in 82 patients thought to have established phlebothrombosis by clinical criteria. Disadvantages of the test include its inability to detect phlebothrombosis in the upper femoral and iliac regions, the possible risk of serum hepatitis (no cases seen in over 800 patients studied), and the number of personnel required if a large number of patients are to be screened. Its advantages are simplicity, accuracy, portability, and lack of trauma.
A stilbene synthase from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora): Implications for phytoalexin accumulation and down-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis

Stilbene synthase (STS) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are plant-specific polyketide synthases that play key roles in the stilbenoid and flavonoid biosyntheses, respectively. We have recently isolated from Pinus densiflora three STS cDNAs (PDSTS1, PDSTS2, and PDSTS3) and one CHS cDNA (PDCHSX). We then heterologously expressed these cDNAs in Escherichia coli and characterized their properties. An unusual STS isozyme, PDSTS3, lacks the common C-terminal extension of STS because of a frame-shift mutation and shows the highest pinosylvin-forming activity among the STSs tested. Pinosylvin was shown to be a potent inhibitor of PDCHSX (Ki = 6 μM) as well as PDSTS2 (Ki = 13 μM), which presumably maintains the balance between the stilbenoid and flavonoid biosyntheses. PDSTS3 was insensitive to product inhibition. We identified PDSTS3 in the pine seedlings as well as full-length STS. The data provide evidence that PDSTS3 is involved in the potential regulation of the stilbenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in pine trees.
Structure-Aware Review Mining and Summarization

In this paper, we focus on object feature based review summarization. Different from most of previous work with linguistic rules or statistical methods, we formulate the review mining task as a joint structure tagging problem. We propose a new machine learning framework based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). It can employ rich features to jointly extract positive opinions, negative opinions and object features for review sentences. The linguistic structure can be naturally integrated into model representation. Besides linear-chain structure, we also investigate conjunction structure and syntactic tree structure in this framework. Through extensive experiments on movie review and product review data sets, we show that structure-aware models outperform many state-of-the-art approaches to review mining.
A Series of Studies—The Physiological Basis for Strength Training in American Football: Fact Over Philosophy

The purpose of this series of investigations was to gain insight on resistance training in American football and address some of the myths. Many theories about resistance training have been proposed, yet there has been little if any research on some of these training philosophies. This series of studies represents an accumulation of data that helped to formulate a training approach. Rather than having a training philosophy, it might be more productive to have a training approach based on facts and critical monitoring of test variables representative of the physical development possible through strength and conditioning programs. It was demonstrated that football players are capable of multiple maximal efforts in resistance training and that the length of the rest period was a determining factor. In general, multiple sets and various periodized training programs were superior to single-set programs in the rate and magnitude of improvements in body composition, strength, local muscular endurance, and power. Such data indicate that for building programs in previously trained football players, multiple-set programs that provide variation are more appropriate.
Pulse-number distribution for the neural spike train in the cat's auditory nerve.

Pulse-number distributions (PNDs) were recorded from primary afferent fibers in the auditory nerve of the cat, using standard extracellular microelectrode recording techniques. Pure-tone and broadband-noise stimuli were used. The number of neural spikes (pulses) n was measured in a set of contiguous intervals, each of duration T seconds. The quantity n varies from one interval to another. These data were then used to determine the PND, which is the probability p(n,T) of occurrence of n spikes in the time T, versus the number n. The estimated mean and variance of p(n,T) were obtained. Two different values of T were used. An unexpected observation was that the count mean-to-variance ratio R is relatively constant and independent of the stimulus intensity. Use of the PND as a statistical measure of the underlying neural point process has a number of virtues. For example, the PND readily exhibits the existence of spike clusters (e.g., pairs) for some units. The PND is essentially unaffected by time jitter and time quantization and provides a statistically significant measure for units firing at low rates. A study of the scaled and unscaled pulse-interval distributions (PIDs), under conditions of spontaneous firing, demonstrates that the occurrences of neural events are generally not describable by a renewal process. Our investigation shows that none of the point processes customarily used to model the auditory neural spike train is consistent with all of the data. It appears that the encoding of acoustic information into nerve spikes in the peripheral auditory system takes the form of a cluster point process similar to the Neyman-Scott type. For pure-tone excitation, the PND will be well represented as a multinomial distribution in this case.
Condition Swahili et identité politique

Dans le tres long et tres riche debat sur la nature profonde de la condition swahili, tout ne semble pas avoir ete dit. Pour d'obscures ou inavouables raisons, les politistes ont esquive le probleme alors meme que les phenomenes d'identite collective, d'ideologie et de relations de pouvoir sont au cœur de leurs analyses. Pourtant, la question de la ‘swahilite’ constitue l'occasion ideale pour reveiller une attention assoupie par une tradition etatique lenifiante.
A Novel Artificial MicroRNA Expressing AAV Vector for Phospholamban Silencing in Cardiomyocytes Improves Ca2+ Uptake into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

In failing rat hearts, post-transcriptonal inhibition of phospholamban (PLB) expression by AAV9 vector-mediated cardiac delivery of short hairpin RNAs directed against PLB (shPLBr) improves both impaired SERCA2a controlled Ca2+ cycling and contractile dysfunction. Cardiac delivery of shPLB, however, was reported to cause cardiac toxicity in canines. Thus we developed a new AAV vector, scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, expressing a novel engineered artificial microRNA (amiR155-PLBr) directed against PLB under control of a heart-specific hybrid promoter. Its PLB silencing efficiency and safety were compared with those of an AAV vector expressing shPLBr (scAAV6-shPLBr) from an ubiquitously active U6 promoter. Investigations were carried out in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) over a period of 14 days. Compared to shPLBr, amiR155-PLBr was expressed at a significantly lower level, resulting in delayed and less pronounced PLB silencing. Despite decreased knockdown efficiency of scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, a similar increase of the SERCA2a-catalyzed Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles was observed for both the shPLBr and amiR155-PLBr vectors. Proteomic analysis confirmed PLB silencing of both therapeutic vectors and revealed that shPLBr, but not the amiR155-PLBr vector, increased the proinflammatory proteins STAT3, STAT1 and activated STAT1 phosphorylation at the key amino acid residue Tyr701. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected alterations in the expression of several cardiac microRNAs after treatment of CM with scAAV6-shPLBr and scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, as well as after treatment with its related amiR155- and shRNAs-expressing control AAV vectors. The results demonstrate that scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr is capable of enhancing the Ca2+ transport function of the cardiac SR PLB/SERCA2a system as efficiently as scAAV6-shPLBr while offering a superior safety profile.
Bearing Illness and Injury

This qualitative study examined how individuals with catastrophic illness and injury managed their personal and social world. The 28 males and females had endured their chronic conditions from 3 to 25 years prior to the study. Participants were individually interviewed. Responses were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Individuals with catastrophic illness and injury experienced three phases in bearing their situation: finding out, facing reality, and managing reality. Individuals did not progress through stages as has been argued by stage theorists. Rather, the phases flowed together and were reexperienced continuously. Individuals employed three strategies—protecting, modifying, and boosting—in all of the phases to help them endure their circumstances.
Review of the Performance of Quantitative Sensory Testing Methods to Detect Hyperalgesia in Chronic Pain Patients on Long-term Opioids

Background:Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is a clinical syndrome whereby patients on long-term opioids become more sensitive to pain while taking opioids. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is characterized by increased pain intensity over time, spreading of pain to other locations, and increased pain sensation to external stimuli. To characterize opioid-induced hyperalgesia, laboratory methods to measure hyperalgesia have been developed. To determine the performance of these methods, the authors conducted a systematic review of clinical studies that incorporate measures of hyperalgesia in chronic pain patients on long-term opioids. Methods:PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched (terms: opioid induced hyperalgesia, study or trial, and long-term or chronic). Studies published in English were selected if they were conducted in chronic pain patients on long-term opioids and incorporated measures of hyperalgesia; acute/single-dose studies and/or conducted in healthy volunteers were excluded. Results:Fourteen articles made the final selection (11 were selected from the search and 3 others were found from additional sources); there was one randomized controlled trial, one prospective controlled study, three prospective uncontrolled studies, and nine cross-sectional observation studies. Hyperalgesia measurement paradigms used included cold pain, heat pain, pressure pain, electrical pain, ischemic pain, and injection pain. Although none of the stimuli were capable of detecting patients’ hyperalgesia, heat pain sensitivity showed some promising results. Conclusions:None of the measures reviewed herein met the criteria of a definitive standard for the measurement of hyperalgesia. Additional studies that use improved study design should be conducted.
Distributed Semi-Supervised Metric Learning

Over the last decade, many pairwise-constraint-based metric learning algorithms have been developed to automatically learn application-specific metrics from data under similarity/dissimilarity data-pair constraints (weak labels). Nevertheless, these existing methods are designed for the centralized learning case, in which all the data and constraints are supposed to be gathered together in one source, and the algorithms utilize the whole data and constraints information during the learning process. However, in many real applications, large amounts of data (constraints) are dispersedly generated/stored in geographically distributed nodes over networks. Thus, it might be impractical to centralize the whole data information to one fusion node. Besides, in such cases, it is often hard to have every data pair labeled due to the huge data-pair amounts, resulting in numerous unlabeled data pairs. Given these situations, in this paper, we propose two types, namely, a diffusion type and an alternating-direction-method-of-multipliers type, of distributed semi-supervised metric learning frameworks, which make use of both labeled and unlabeled data pairs. The proposed frameworks can be easily used to extend centralized metric learning methods of different objective functions to distributed cases. In particular, we apply our frameworks on a well-behaved centralized semi-supervised metric learning method called SERAPH and yield two new distributed semi-supervised metric learning algorithms. Our simulation results show that the metrics learned by the proposed distributed algorithms are very close to that of the corresponding centralized method in most cases.
Just world beliefs in twelve societies

Abstract Nearly 1,700 psychology students from 12 countries completed the Rubin and Peplau (1973) Just World Beliefs Scale, which measures the extent to which people believe the world is just or unjust. There were large and predicted differences for both the just and unjust world components of the scale, which were analyzed separately. However, there were few sex differences within each society. Rank-ordered just world and unjust world scores correlated significantly with two of the cultural dimensions (power-distance and individualism) that were found by Hofstede (1984).
Demystifying Academic Writing: Reflections on Emotions, Know-How and Academic Identity

Writing is the foundation of academic practice, yet academic writing is seldom explicitly taught. As a result many beginning (and experienced) academics struggle with writing and the difficult emotions, particularly the self-doubt, that writing stirs up. Yet it need not be like this. In this paper, strategies are discussed for attending to the emotions of writing, and developing writing know-how and a stronger sense of identity as a writer. It is argued that addressing all three aspects of writing—emotions, know-how and identity—helps demystify the academic writing process and helps novices on their journey to becoming academic writers.