Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An intragenic deletion of the gene MNAT1 in a family with pectus deformities

Pectus carinatum and excavatum have multiple genetic associations. We report on a novel association of these deformities in a 34‐month‐old male and his father, likely due to a small intragenic deletion of MNAT1 (ménage a trois 1 gene). Both individuals share a deletion of MNAT1 located at 14q23.1 and an interstitial duplication of CHRNA7 located at 15q13.3. Deletion of MNAT1 has been associated with connective tissue abnormalities and is likely the etiology of the malformations, whereas the duplication of CHNRA7 is unlikely related due to the lack of association with any such connective tissue abnormalities. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIK TANAH PADA BERBAGAI UMUR TANAMAN KAYU PUTIH (Melaleuca cajuputi) DI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG BATUBARA PT BUKIT ASAM (PERSERO)

Mining activities have an impact on the ground in the form of a high content of heavy metals, soil density increased due to the use of heavy equipment, a process of reversal and mixing top soil and sub soil, as well as poor aeration and drainage. One way to do PT Bukit Asam (Persero) to overcome it by doing reclamation using Cajuputi plant (Melaleuca cajuputi). Cajuputi plants have a high level of adaptation can improve soil physical properties such as texture, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture content, bulk density, specific gravity, pH and C-Organic. This study was conducted to determine the effect on the development of reclaimed land in the physical properties at area coal post mining and determine the effect of age Cajuputi reclamation plant (Melaleuca cajuputi) to changes in the physical properties of the soil. On the difference in age of the plant 1 year, 3 years and 5 years, and there are 5 replicates. Texture has increased in the sand at 19.3%, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity increases proportional to the levels of C-organic soil. Bulk density and density decreased. Value acidity decreased, but no real effect on the t test between the age of the plant reclamation. The decline also occurred at the level of the water content caused increasing age of root crops will be easier to absorb water in field capacity and the addition of organic matter to add the activity of organisms in the soil and plant litter to protect ground water from direct blows.
Nematode interactions with weeds and sugarcane mosaic virus in louisiana sugarcane.

Weeds did not appear to serve as reservoirs for phytophagous Louisiana sugarcane nematode populations except for Criconemella spp. , Meloidogyne spp. , Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, and total phytophagous nematode densities were lower on weed-stressed cane and were accompanied by reduced accumulations of free cysteine, proline, and 13 other free amino acids in sugarcane. A significant weed-virus interaction for sugarcane free cysteine accumulation was detected; T. annulatus populations were highly correlated (r = 0.59, P </= 0.001) with the weed-induced and virus-induced changes in free cysteine. Sugarcane nematodes interacted differently with the weed and virus stresses and changes in host plant stress-related free amino acid concentrations.
Status of rat infestation and recent control strategies in oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia

ABSTRAK Satu soal selidik telah dijalankan untuk menentukan status serangan tikus dan kaedah kawalan tikus semasa di ladang-ladang kelapa sawit di Semenanjung Malaysia. Rattus tiomanicus (Miller), merupakan spesies tikus yang utama (68%) diikuti oleh Rattus argentiventer (Robinson and Kloss), (46%) dan Rattus rattus diardii (L.), (28%). Walaupun 75% dari ladang tidak menganggap tikus sebagai masalah yang serius, kerugian yang diperolehi adalah dalam anggaran 0.01 hingga 0.1 t/ha. Burungpungguk jelapangTyto alba (Scopoli) kini merupakan komponen kawalan tikus yang penting dalam ladang kelapa sawit iaitu sebanyak 82% daripada ladang yang mengambil bahagian. Ada ladang (21.4%) bergantung sepenuhnya kepada T. alba, tanpa menggunakan racun tikus. Sebahagian besar ladang (60.7%) menggabungkan mengumpan dan kawalan menggunakan T. alba yang dapat menjimatkan kos mengumpan di antara RM2.64 sehingga RM30/ ha/tahun.
The effect of carbon nanofibers on fresh and mechanical properties of lightweight engineered cementitious composite using hollow glass microspheres

Hollow glass microsphere (HGM) according to the preferred embodiments may be used as fillers in composite materials, where they impart properties of cost reduction, weight reduction, improved processing performance enhancement, improved machinability and/ or improved workability. More specifically, the HGMs may be used as inorganic cementitious materials, concrete systems, and ceramics. On the other hand, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are becoming domination in the market of nanomaterials because of its unique properties and its potential to reinforce cementitious materials. To take advantage of both the low density of HGMs and the high mechanical performance of CNFs, this study aims to develop lightweight engineered cementitious composite (LWECC) by adopting a novel material combination of HGMs and CNF. By replacing 40% of fly ash with HGMs, this study successfully developed LWECC mixes with desirable workability and density due to the smooth surface, spherical shape and low density of HGM. Due to the extra reinforcement effect of CNF, the developed LWECC composite is able to achieve lightweight without disturbance of mechanical strength compared to normal weight ECC. The newly developed LWECC is able to achieve a density less than 1820 kg/m3 with compressive and flexural strength up to 48 MPa and 8 MPa, respectively.
What Do Recurrent Neural Network Grammars Learn About Syntax?

Recurrent neural network grammars (RNNG) are a recently proposed probablistic generative modeling family for natural language. They show state-of-the-art language modeling and parsing performance. We investigate what information they learn, from a linguistic perspective, through various ablations to the model and the data, and by augmenting the model with an attention mechanism (GA-RNNG) to enable closer inspection. We find that explicit modeling of composition is crucial for achieving the best performance. Through the attention mechanism, we find that headedness plays a central role in phrasal representation (with the model’s latent attention largely agreeing with predictions made by hand-crafted head rules, albeit with some important differences). By training grammars without nonterminal labels, we find that phrasal representations depend minimally on nonterminals, providing support for the endocentricity hypothesis.
Planar cell polarity defects and defective Vangl 2 trafficking in mutants for the COPII gene Sec 24 b

INTRODUCTION Correct polarization and orientation of cells is of crucial importance for their function. In addition to apical-basal polarization, cells may be polarized in an orthogonal orientation, often but not exclusively in the plane of an epithelial sheet (Wu and Mlodzik, 2009). Loss of this planar cell polarization (PCP) has been correlated with developmental defects as well as with tumorigenesis (Humbert et al., 2003; Saburi et al., 2008; Zhan et al., 2008). PCP signaling not only determines planar asymmetry of a cell, but also the ability of the cell to propagate this polarity to adjacent cells, thus establishing tissue polarity. It was originally discovered and studied in Drosophila, but in recent years the significance of PCP signaling for vertebrate development has become increasingly clear. Developmental processes involving PCP include the convergent extension movements that shape the embryo during gastrulation and neurulation, and the regular arrangement of structures as diverse as stereocilia in the organ of Corti and epidermal hairs (Wang and Nathans, 2007; Montcouquiol et al., 2003; Devenport and Fuchs, 2008). Mouse mutant embryos with a disrupted PCP pathway frequently suffer from the extreme neural tube closure defect known as craniorachischisis, which is rarely, if at all, encountered outside this context (Kibar et al., 2001; Curtin et al., 2003) (reviewed by Copp et al., 2003). PCP pathways in insects and vertebrates share a core pathway that includes members of the dishevelled and frizzled gene families, but which is distinct from the b-catenin-dependent 'canonical' Wnt pathway (Lawrence et al., 2007).
Conceptual Model for the Design of a Serious Video Game Promoting Self-Management among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Video games are a popular form of entertainment. Serious video games for health attempt to use entertainment to promote health behavior change. When designed within a framework informed by behavioral science and supported by commercial game-design principles, serious video games for health have the potential to be an effective method for promoting self-management behaviors among youth with diabetes. This article presents a conceptual model of how this may be achieved. It concludes by identifying research needed to refine our knowledge regarding how to develop effective serious video games for health.
Specific Localization of the Drosophila Telomere Transposon Proteins and RNAs, Give Insight in Their Behavior, Control and Telomere Biology in This Organism

Drosophila telomeres constitute a remarkable exception to the telomerase mechanism. Although maintaining the same cytological and functional properties as telomerase maintain telomeres, Drosophila telomeres embed the telomere retrotransposons whose specific and highly regulated terminal transposition maintains the appropriate telomere length in this organism. Nevertheless, our current understanding of how the mechanism of the retrotransposon telomere works and which features are shared with the telomerase system is very limited. We report for the first time a detailed study of the localization of the main components that constitute the telomeres in Drosophila, HeT-A and TART RNAs and proteins. Our results in wild type and mutant strains reveal localizations of HeT-A Gag and TART Pol that give insight in the behavior of the telomere retrotransposons and their control. We find that TART Pol and HeT-A Gag only co-localize at the telomeres during the interphase of cells undergoing mitotic cycles. In addition, unexpected protein and RNA localizations with a well-defined pattern in cells such as the ovarian border cells and nurse cells, suggest possible strategies for the telomere transposons to reach the oocyte, and/or additional functions that might be important for the correct development of the organism. Finally, we have been able to visualize the telomere RNAs at different ovarian stages of development in wild type and mutant lines, demonstrating their presence in spite of being tightly regulated by the piRNA mechanism.
The structure, conduct, and regulation of the property-liability insurance industry

Dissatisfaction with property-liability insurance is widespread and seems to be growing. Insurance availability and affordability have become major issues in election campaigns nationwide, and Congress is threatening to impose new federal regulations. This unusual amount of attention seems to reflect fundamental changes in the nature of insurance and insurance markets. Insurers maintain that they are functioning as efficiently and effectively as possible under difficult circumstances. But a significant proportion of the public, public interest groups, legislators, and regulators believe that insurers themselves are a primary cause of the problems in property-liability markets. This paper presents an analysis of the structure, conduct, and performance of the suppliers of property-liability insurance. The discussion is carried out in the context of the market problems that have plagued the property-liability insurance industry in recent years. The objective is to provide an indication of the relative roles of insurer conduct and external structural factors in creating the turmoil in this important market. The paper begins with an overview of the problems and issues in property-liability insurance markets. Each issue raises important questions about market structure and performance. Subsequent sections of the paper evaluate industry market structure and explore its implications for the solution of the problems confronted by the property-liability insurance industry.
Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cardiovascular Mortality in 80-Year-Old Subjects in Japan

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the greatest risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The contribution of CKD to CVD mortality is not well understood in very elderly patients. Our study examined whether CKD might be a risk factor for total and CVD mortality in very elderly Japanese individuals. A total of 621 participants were enrolled, all of whom were 80 years old. The subjects were divided on the basis of the presence (CKD(+) group, n=280) or absence (CKD(−) group, n=341) of CKD. CKD was defined by as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The eGFR of the CKD(+) and CKD(−) groups was 49.7±8.5 and 70.9±9.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. During the 4-year study period, 87 individuals died, and 25 of those deaths were due to CVD. A Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed no association between total mortality and CKD (relative risk [RR] 1.17, confidence interval [CI] 0.75–1.82, p=0.50). However, the CVD mortality was significantly increased in the CKD(+) group (RR 4.60, CI 1.69–12.52, p=0.003). CKD significantly increased the CVD mortality in subjects who were not taking antihypertensive medication (RR 5.15, CI 1.04–25.50, p=0.04). Our results suggest that CKD increases the risk of CVD mortality in very elderly individuals. It is not only important to prevent progression toward CKD in patients who do not suffer from CKD, but also critical to manage the risk factors for CVD in patients with CKD, despite their advanced age.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibition prevents learning deficits in diabetic mice

There is an increasing awareness that diabetes has an impact on the central nervous system, with reports of impaired learning, memory, and mental flexibility being more common in diabetic subjects than in the general population. Insulin‐deficient diabetic mice also display learning deficits associated with defective insulin‐signaling in the brain and increased activity of GSK3. In the present study, AR‐A014418, a GSK3β inhibitor, and TX14(A), a neurotrophic factor with GSK3 inhibitory properties, were tested against the development of learning deficits in mice with insulin‐deficient diabetes. Treatments were started at onset of diabetes and continued for 10 weeks. Treatment with AR‐A014418 or TX14(A) prevented the development of learning deficits, assessed by the Barnes maze, but only AR‐A014418 prevented memory deficits, as assessed by the object recognition test. Diabetes‐induced increased levels of amyloid β protein and phosphorylated tau were not significantly affected by the treatments. However, the diabetes‐induced decrease in synaptophysin, a presynaptic protein marker of hippocampal plasticity, was partially prevented by both treatments. These results suggest a role for GSK3 and/or reduced neurotrophic support in the development of cognitive deficits in diabetic mice that are associated with synaptic damage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional abrogation of photoimmunosuppression: in vivo investigations

Skin cancer is a major public health concern, and the primary aetiological factor in the majority of skin cancers is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. UVR not only induces potentially mutagenic DNA damage but also suppresses cell‐mediated immunity (CMI), allowing cancerous cells to escape destruction and progress to tumours. A considerable proportion of an individual's annual sun exposure is obtained outside the vacation period when topical and physical measures for photoprotection are irregularly used. Certain nutrients could provide an adjunctive protective role, and evidence is accruing from experimental studies to support their use in abrogation of photoimmunosuppression. Moreover, developments in clinical research methods to evaluate impact of solar‐simulated radiation on cutaneous CMI allow the immune protective potential of nutritional agents to be examined in humans in vivo. This article summarises the mediation of CMI and its suppression by UVR, evaluates the methodology for quantitative assessment in vivo, reviews the human studies reported on nutritional abrogation of photoimmunosuppression including recent randomized controlled trials and discusses the mechanisms of photoprotection by the nutrients. This includes, in addition to antioxidants, novel studies of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and nicotinamide.
Comparison of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Dual Phase Steel Welded Using Friction Stir Welding and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

In the present research, a comparative study on influence of friction stir welding (FSW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes on the microstructure and tensile properties of dual phase steel welds is carried out. The results indicate that the microstructure of weld metal and inner part of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in the GTA welded sample is composed of coarse bainite, Widmanestatten ferrite and ferrite–carbide (FC) aggregate. The sample welded by FSW exhibits the formation of fine ferrite, FC aggregate, and bainite in the weld nugget and inner part of the HAZ. Microhardness measurements reveal the formation of a softened zone in the subcritical area of the HAZ due to the tempering of the pre‐existing martensite. Both joints show lower tensile strength, tensile elongation and work hardening exponent compared to the base metal (BM), and fail in the softened HAZ during the uniaxial tensile test. However, the joint efficiency, work hardening rate and work hardening exponent of the sample welded by FSW are superior to those for the GTA welded sample. The predominant fracture mechanism for all samples is ductile with dimples on the fractured surfaces.
Carnobacterium: positive and negative effects in the environment and in foods

The genus Carnobacterium contains nine species, but only C. divergens and C. maltaromaticum are frequently isolated from natural environments and foods. They are tolerant to freezing/thawing and high pressure and able to grow at low temperatures, anaerobically and with increased CO2 concentrations. They metabolize arginine and various carbohydrates, including chitin, and this may improve their survival in the environment. Carnobacterium divergens and C. maltaromaticum have been extensively studied as protective cultures in order to inhibit growth of Listeria monocytogenes in fish and meat products. Several carnobacterial bacteriocins are known, and parameters that affect their production have been described. Currently, however, no isolates are commercially applied as protective cultures. Carnobacteria can spoil chilled foods, but spoilage activity shows intraspecies and interspecies variation. The responsible spoilage metabolites are not well characterized, but branched alcohols and aldehydes play a partial role. Their production of tyramine in foods is critical for susceptible individuals, but carnobacteria are not otherwise human pathogens. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum can be a fish pathogen, although carnobacteria are also suggested as probiotic cultures for use in aquaculture. Representative genome sequences are not yet available, but would be valuable to answer questions associated with fundamental and applied aspects of this important genus.
NIKA: A millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera

Context. Current generation millimeter wavelength detectors suffer from scaling limits imposed by complex cryogenic readout electronics. These instruments typically employ multiplexing ratios well below a hundred. To achieve multiplexing ratios greater than a thousand, it is imperative to investigate technologies that intrinsically incorporate strong multiplexing. One possible solution is the kinetic inductance detector (KID). To assess the potential of this nascent technology, a prototype instrument optimized for the 2 mm atmospheric window was constructed. Known as the Neel IRAM KID Array (NIKA), it has recently been tested at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-m telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. Aims. There were four principle research objectives: to determine the practicality of developing a giant array instrument based on KIDs, to measure current in-situ pixel sensitivities, to identify limiting noise sources, and to image both calibration and scientificallyrelevant astronomical sources. Methods. The detectors consisted of arrays of high-quality superconducting resonators electromagnetically coupled to a transmission line and operated at ∼100 mK. The impedance of the resonators was modulated by incident radiation; two separate arrays were tested to evaluate the efficiency of two unique optical-coupling strategies. The first array consisted of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs), which have a fully planar design properly shaped to enable direct absorbtion. The second array consisted of antenna-coupled KIDs with individual sapphire microlenses aligned with planar slot antennas. Both detectors utilized a single transmission line along with suitable room-temperature digital electronics for continuous readout. Results. NIKA was successfully tested in October 2009, performing in line with expectations. The measurement resulted in the imaging of a number of sources, including planets, quasars, and galaxies. The images for Mars, radio star MWC349, quasar 3C345, and galaxy M 87 are presented. From these results, the optical NEP was calculated to be around 1×10 −15 W/Hz 1/2 . A factor of 10 improvement is expected to be readily feasible by improvements in the detector materials and reduction of performance-degrading spurious radiation.
A novel immunological model for the study of prostate cancer.

The Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma is a widely accepted model for in vivo experimental studies of prostate cancer. We have previously derived phenotypically distinct cell lines from a s.c. tumor resulting from the inoculation of the R-3327-5 subclone into Copenhagen rats. In this study, we report studies using a gelatin sponge model for the delivery of tumor cells and the retrieval of tumor-specific leukocytes responsive to different prostatic cell lines. S.c. preimplanted sponges were inoculated with tumor cells previously selected for differential properties of tumor formation and metastasis and examined for leukocyte content at time points of 1, 3, and 5 weeks after tumor cell inoculation. Cytospin and flow cytometric analyses revealed fewer tumor-associated leukocytes present in sponges inoculated with tumorigenic R-3327-5' and R-3327-5'B lines, with lesser sponge degradation, than in experiments with the nontumorigenic R-3327-5'A line, suggestive of a tumor cell-induced immunomodulatory mechanism. Morphological studies indicate an intermittent tumor growth pattern that gradually disappears in sponges inoculated with the nontumorigenic R-3327-5'A cells but a robust growth pattern in sponges inoculated with the tumorigenic cell lines. Cytokine analyses show the secretion of higher levels of active transforming growth factor-beta by the more invasive and metastatic lines. Total transforming growth factor-beta levels are higher in the epithelial, tumorigenic R-3327-5'B line. Additionally, the more tumorigenic lines secrete interleukin 10, a potent immunosuppressive molecule. In this report, we demonstrate the ability to retrieve viable leukocyte populations from a prostate tumor line bearing sponges, which offers an important model for further in vitro and in vivo manipulations and holds promise for testing adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.