Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methadone Conversion

Rotation among opioids to minimize side effects and improve analgesia is a common clinical strategy in pain and palliative care. Methadone is frequently prescribed during opioid rotation, either by mouth or intravenously (IV) with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) at home. However, there is a lack of consensus on rotation strategies from other opioids to methadone, as well as on conversion ratios. As a result, strategies for achieving rotation vary widely, among not only providers, but also institutions. Clinical decisions surrounding opioid rotation must take into consideration the patient’s overall medical condition, the expertise and comfort level of the prescribing physician, the medical evidence, and institutional guidelines, in addition to goals of care. The following case study and discussion refers to all of these aspects of opioid rotation and depicts an example of conversion and use of parenteral methadone for refractory pain due to cancer.
GPSM: A Generalized Probabilistic Semantic Model for Ambiguity Resolution

In natural language processing, ambiguity resolution is a central issue, and can be regarded as a preference assignment problem. In this paper, a Generalized Probabilistic Semantic Model (GPSM) is proposed for preference computation. An effective semantic tagging procedure is proposed for tagging semantic features. A semantic score function is derived based on a score function, which integrates lexical, syntactic and semantic preference under a uniform formulation. The semantic score measure shows substantial improvement in structural disambiguation over a syntax-based approach.
Not-so-complex logarithms in the Heston model

In Heston’s stochastic volatility framework [ Hes93], semi-analytical formulae for plain vanilla option prices can be derived. Unfortunately, these formulae require the evaluation of logarithms with complex arguments during the involved inverse Fourier integration step. This gives rise to an inherent numerical instability as a consequence of which most implementations of Heston’s formulae are not robust for moderate to long dated maturities or strong mean reversion. In this article, we propose a new approach to solve this problem which enables the use of Heston’s analytics for practically all levels of parameters and even maturities of many decades.
Osteogenesis imperfecta in childhood: impairment and disability.

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical characteristics in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) regarding impairment (range of joint motion and muscle strength) and disability (functional skills) in relation to the different types of the disease, and to study the correlation between characteristics of impairment and disability. METHODS In a cross-sectional study 54 children with OI (OI type I: 24; OI type III: 15; OI type IV: 15), the range of joint motion, muscle strength, and functional ability were measured in a standardized way and analyzed statistically. RESULTS The range of joint motion in almost all joints differed significantly with respect to the different disease types. In OI type I patients, generalized hypermobility of the joints was present, without decrease in joint motion. In OI type III the extremities were severely maligned, especially the lower limbs. In type IV the upper and lower extremities were equally maligned. Muscle strength differed significantly with respect to the different types of OI. In type I patients, muscle strength was normal except for the periarticular hip muscles. In type III, especially in the lower extremities, muscle strength was severely decreased, with a muscular imbalance around the hip joint. In type IV, muscle strength was mainly decreased in the proximal muscles of the upper and lower extremities. In children </=7.5 years of age, significant differences existed among the different disease types in functional skills regarding mobility. No significant difference was observed in self-care and social function, although the most severely affected children showed a tendency to score better with social function. Older children differed significantly concerning mobility and self-care items. In children </=7.5 years old, a correlation was sometimes observed between impairment and disability items, although in older children a moderate to good correlation was always present (r > .6). CONCLUSION In OI, severity-related profiles exist, within the different subtypes of the disease, regarding range of joint motion, muscle strength, and functional skills. In younger children, impairment parameters do not sufficiently correlate for disability. Rehabilitation strategies in younger children should therefore focus on improvement of functional skills and not only on impairment parameters.
Eulerian subgraphs in 3‐edge‐connected graphs and Hamiltonian line graphs

In this paper, we show that if G is a 3‐edge‐connected graph with $S \subseteq V(G)$ and $|S| \le 12$, then either G has an Eulerian subgraph H such that $S \subseteq V(H)$, or G can be contracted to the Petersen graph in such a way that the preimage of each vertex of the Petersen graph contains at least one vertex in S. If G is a 3‐edge‐connected planar graph, then for any $|S|\le 23$, G has an Eulerian subgraph H such that $S\subseteq V(H)$. As an application, we obtain a new result on Hamiltonian line graphs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 42: 308–319, 2003
Effect of large buffers on TCP queueing behavior

Using a simple model of saturated, synchronized and homogeneous sources of TCP Reno with drop-tail queue management and a discrete-time framework, we derive formulae for stationary as well as transient queueing behavior that shed light on the relationship between large buffers and work conservation (queue never empties). Using simulations, the relevance of the results for the case of non-synchronized sources is demonstrated. In particular, we demonstrate that a certain simple lower bound for the stationary queue length applies also to the case where the sources are non-stationary.
The Initial Conditions of the Universe from Constrained Simulations

I present a new approach to recover the primordial density fluctuations and the cosmic web structure underlying a galaxy distribution. The method is based on sampling Gaussian fields which are compatible with a galaxy distribution and a structure formation model. This is achieved by splitting the inversion problem into two Gibbs-sampling steps: the first being a Gaussianisation step transforming a distribution of point sources at Lagrangian positions -which are not a priori given- into a linear alias-free Gaussian field. This step is based on Hamiltonian sampling with a Gaussian-Poisson model. The second step consists on a likelihood comparison in which the set of matter tracers at the initial conditions is constrained on the galaxy distribution and the assumed structure formation model. For computational reasons second order Lagrangian Perturbation Theory is used. However, the presented approach is flexible to adopt any structure formation model. A semi-analytic halo-model based galaxy mock catalog is taken to demonstrate that the recovered initial conditions are closely unbiased with respect to the actual ones from the corresponding N-body simulation down to scales of a ~ 5 Mpc/h. The cross-correlation between them shows a substantial gain of information, being at k ~ 0.3 h/Mpc more than doubled. In addition the initial conditions are extremely well Gaussian distributed and the power-spectra follow the shape of the linear power-spectrum being very close to the actual one from the simulation down to scales of k ~ 1 h/Mpc.
The metallicities of luminous, massive field galaxies at intermediate redshifts

We derive oxygen abundances for a sample of 40 luminous (MB≲−19), star-forming, mostly disc, field galaxies with redshifts in the range 0.2 ≲z≲ 0.8, with a median of 〈z〉= 0.45. Oxygen abundances, relative to hydrogen, of the interstellar emitting gas are estimated by means of the empirically calibrated strong emission-line ratio technique. The derived 12 + log (O/H) values range from 8.4 to 9.0, with a median of 8.7. Twenty of these galaxies have securely measured rotation velocities, in the range 50–244 km s−1. The measured emission-line equivalent widths and diagnostic ratios for the intermediate redshift galaxies cover similar ranges to those observed across a large sample of local galaxies. The estimated oxygen abundances for our luminous star-forming intermediate redshift galaxies cover the same range as their local counterparts. However, at a given galaxy luminosity, many of our galaxies have significantly lower oxygen abundances, i.e. 12 + log (O/H) ∼8.6, than local galaxies with similar luminosities. Interestingly, these luminous, massive, intermediate redshift, star-forming galaxies with low oxygen abundances exhibit physical conditions, i.e. emission-line equivalent width and ionization state, very similar to those of local faint and metal-poor star-forming galaxies. The oxygen abundance of the interstellar gas does not seem to correlate with the maximum rotation velocity or the emission scalelength of the parent galaxy. This suggests that there is diversity in the intrinsic properties of the massive field galaxy population at intermediate redshifts. The distribution of the colour excess, derived from the ratio of extinction-uncorrected Hβ and [O ii]λ3727 star formation rate indicators, covers a similar range to that observed locally, but exhibits a lower mean than is observed for local optically selected star-forming galaxies. Luminous field galaxies at intermediate redshifts show similar star formation rates to their local counterparts. However, metal-poor, massive, star-forming galaxies tend to be systematically less affected by internal reddening than metal-rich, massive galaxies, which cover similar range of colour excess to local metal-rich luminous galaxies. Finally, the correlation between oxygen abundance and colour excess for intermediate redshift galaxies is found to be similar to what is observed locally. This result indicates that the dust content of galaxies is more regulated by their chemical evolution rather than by galaxy luminosity.
Hierarchy of QM SUSYs on a bounded domain

We systematically formulate a hierarchy of isospectral Hamiltonians in one-dimensional supersymmetric quantum mechanics on an interval and on a circle, in which two successive Hamiltonians form supersymmetry. We find that boundary conditions compatible with supersymmetry are severely restricted. In the case of an interval, a hierarchy of, at most, three isospectral Hamiltonians is possible with unique boundary conditions, while in the case of a circle an infinite tower of isospectral Hamiltonians can be constructed with a two-parameter family of boundary conditions.
A Simplified Global Solution for an Advection-dominated Accretion Flow

When we model black hole accretion sources such as active galactic nuclei and black hole X-ray binaries as advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs), it is necessary to use the global solution to the equations rather than the simpler self-similar solution, since the latter is inaccurate in the region near the black hole where most of the radiation is emitted. However, technically, it is a difficult task to calculate the global solution because of the transonic nature of the flow, which makes it a two-point boundary value problem. In this paper we propose a simplified approach for calculating the global ADAF solution. We replace the radial momentum equation by a simple algebraic relation between the angular velocity of the gas and the Keplerian angular velocity while keeping all other equations unchanged. It is then easy to solve the differential energy equations to obtain an approximate global solution. By adjusting the free parameters, we find that for almost any accretion rate and for α = 0.1–0.3 we can get good simplified global solutions. The predicted spectra from the approximate solutions are very close to the spectra obtained from the true global solutions.
Neutron inelastic scattering studies of effective spin-1/2 magnets

Owing to a combination of both their intrinsic “simplicity” and enhanced quantum nature, effective spin2 systems have been subject of intense research for the past three decades. Fuelled by their role in quantum computing and communication as qubits, research of many-body doubly degenerate systems has experienced a type of renaissance with one particular noteworthy family being the effective spin2 magnets. From the inception of solid state physics, these magnets have and continue to play a pivotal role in the establishment of a theoretical framework describing not only cooperative magnetism but cooperative phenomena in general and have yielded exotic and often novel magnetism. Within this Thesis, the low energy magnetic properties of systems constructed from effective spin2 magnetic cations are investigated with neutron inelastic spectroscopy. The first portion of the Thesis consists of an investigation on the low energy spin fluctuations of Pr2Sn2O7. Consisting of rare earth cations placed onto a geometrically frustrated network of corner sharing tetrahedra, these pyrochlores have yielded a multitude of exotic magnetic ground states including spin ice. These spin ices have been of particular interest due to the suggestion that their fundamental excitations behave as monopole-like quasiparticles. Although there is mounting experimental evidence supporting the existence of monopoles in the classical spin ice, the exact nature of the interaction between such monopoles remains unsolved. In an attempt to measure such interactions, our attention has shifted to the quantum spin ice candidate Pr2Sn2O7 and its increased monopole density. Neutron inelastic spectroscopic measurements revealed the presence of a hierarchy of unequally-spaced magnetic excitations. These excitations are welldescribed by a simple model of monopole pairs bound by a linear potential with an effective tension of 0.642(8) K · Å−1 at 1.65 K. The second portion of this Thesis consists of an investigation on the low energy spin fluctuations of the classical Mott insulator CoO. Despite its unique
Assessment of glucose metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: HbA1c or fasting glucose compared with the oral glucose tolerance test as a screening method.

STUDY QUESTION Are HbA1c and fasting glucose (FG) useful in predicting the presence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a large cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER HbA1c and FG are not suitable as screening tools for prediabetes in a large cohort of PCOS women but do show a good level of agreement with T2DM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with PCOS have an increased risk of prediabetes and T2DM. As performing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is time consuming, HbA1c and FG have been suggested as screening tools for prediabetes and T2DM. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a cross-sectional study of 671 women with PCOS conducted from 2006 to 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study was carried out at the endocrinological outpatient department of the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We performed 75 g 2-h OGTTs and measured HbA1c in 671 women with PCOS aged 16-45 years with a median BMI of 24.2 (21.3-30.1) kg/m². PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam criteria. Prediabetes (FG 100-125 mg/dl and/or 2-h glucose 140-199 mg/dl and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%) and T2DM (FG ≥ 126 mg/dl and/or 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dl and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) were diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Levels of agreement between different definitions were analyzed using κ-index. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE According to the ADA criteria, we found prediabetes and T2DM in 12.8% (n = 76) and 1.5% (n = 9) of PCOS women, respectively. When using elevated HbA1c (5.7-6.4%) for defining prediabetes, 19 (3.2%) of all PCOS women had prediabetes with a κ-index of 0.36. When using elevated FG (100-125 mg/dl) for defining prediabetes, 31 (5.2%) of all the PCOS women were diagnosed with prediabetes with a κ-index of 0.05. Further, elevated HbA1c (≥6.5% defining T2DM) was found in six (0.9%) PCOS women (κ-index 0.80), and elevated FG (≥126 mg/dl diagnosing T2DM) was found in seven PCOS women (1%; κ-index 0.82). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our results are limited to an Austrian cohort of PCOS women diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria with a median BMI in the normal weight range. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results are in line with results from previous smaller PCOS cohorts. Our findings do not support the recommendation that FG or HbA1c can be used for the screening of prediabetes in women with PCOS. For such women, OGTT should be performed for screening of prediabetes. Whether this finding is generalizable to other cohorts remains to be determined in further studies.
Common Connectivity Phenotypes in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease: The Search for an Intermediate Phenotype

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is often prodromal to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus there should be detectable in vivo functional signatures shared between RBD and PD that aid in disease classification. To assess common in-vivo phenotypes, resting state data was collected on a 3T clinical MRI platform and a novel functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) approach, which combined independent component analysis (ICA) and graph theory, was used to evaluate deficits in interconnectivity among 15 PD, 14 RBD and 13 control participants. Whole brain and network-level analyses revealed the largest deficits in network connectivity in PD compared with controls, with less severe differences between RBD and controls. Importantly, the network-level analysis demonstrated decreased network interconnectivity, with the greatest aberrant networks in PD, and a subset in RBD. Additionally, a disease classification algorithm predicted PD cases by being trained on RBD cases with 0.87 sensitivity and 0.68 specificity. The functional alterations in cortical networks in RBD extended beyond the brainstem. These findings demonstrate progressive reductions in connectivity between brain networks, with less severe deficits in RBD than PD. Moreover, RBD phenotypes can be used to predict PD status in a cross-sectional sample, which suggests RBD is an intermediate phenotype.
Integrating model verification and self-adaptation

In software development, formal verification plays an important role in improving the quality and safety of products and processes. Model checking is a successful approach to verification, used both in academic research and industrial applications. One important improvement regarding utilization of model checking is the development of automated processes to evolve models according to information obtained from verification. In this paper, we propose a new framework that make use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to generate and evolve models from partial descriptions and examples created by the model checking process. This was implemented as a tool that is integrated with a model checker. Our work extends model checking to be applicable when initial description of a system is not available, through observation of actual behaviour of this system. The framework is capable of integrated verification and evolution of abstract models, but also of reengineering partial models of a system.
Growing Echo-State Network With Multiple Subreservoirs

An echo-state network (ESN) is an effective alternative to gradient methods for training recurrent neural network. However, it is difficult to determine the structure (mainly the reservoir) of the ESN to match with the given application. In this paper, a growing ESN (GESN) is proposed to design the size and topology of the reservoir automatically. First, the GESN makes use of the block matrix theory to add hidden units to the existing reservoir group by group, which leads to a GESN with multiple subreservoirs. Second, every subreservoir weight matrix in the GESN is created with a predefined singular value spectrum, which ensures the echo-sate property of the ESN without posterior scaling of the weights. Third, during the growth of the network, the output weights of the GESN are updated in an incremental way. Moreover, the convergence of the GESN is proved. Finally, the GESN is tested on some artificial and real-world time-series benchmarks. Simulation results show that the proposed GESN has better prediction performance and faster leaning speed than some ESNs with fixed sizes and topologies.
Pulsar Magnetospheric Emission Mapping: Images and Implications of Polar Cap Weather

The beautiful sequences of drifting subpulses observed in some radio pulsars have been regarded as among the most salient and potentially instructive characteristics of their emission, not least because they have appeared to represent a system of subbeams in motion within the emission zone of the star. Numerous studies of these drift sequences have been published, and a model of their generation and motion was articulated long ago by Ruderman & Sutherland; but thus far, efforts have failed to establish an illuminating connection between the drift phenomenon and the actual sites of radio emission. Through a detailed analysis of a nearly coherent sequence of drifting pulses from the pulsar B0943+10, we have in fact identified a system of subbeams circulating around the magnetic axis of the star. A mapping technique, involving a cartographic transform and its inverse, permits us to study the character of the polar cap emission map and then to confirm that it, in turn, represents the observed pulse sequence. On this basis, we have been able to trace the physical origin of the drifting subpulse emission to a stably rotating and remarkably organized configuration of emission columns, in turn traceable possibly to the magnetic polar cap gap region envisioned by some theories.
The strategy of Madrasa Ibtidaiya Principal in human resource development for increasing teachers’ professional and academic competency

The purposes of this research were to know the strategy of teachers’ professional development and to know teachers’ academic competence development conducted by the principal to the teachers of Madrasa Ibtidaiya (MI) in Wonosegoro Boyolali. The research type used in this thesis was qualitative research. The location of the research were some MI in Wonosegoro Boyolali, they were MI Muhammadiyah Ringinanom, MI Miftahul Ulum Bandung and MI Darul Ulum Karangasem. The data sources used were primary and secondary. The methods of the data collection were observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis was done by using inductive method of thinking. The results of the research showed that the strategy of the principal of MI Muhammadiyah Ringinanom, MI Miftahul Ulum Bandung and MI Darul Ulum Karangasem in improving the teachers’ professional competence were by creating teacher training plan, arranging budget allocation, observing or assessing teachers’ performance, supervising or examining, giving exemplary, and socializing vision and mission of Madrasa. Human resource development efforts undertaken in developing the professionalism of teachers by conducting teachers’ performance management, Madrasa Working Group (KKM), education and training (diklat), seminar, and supervision to develop teachers' academic competence by conducting profession development and further studying.