Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assemblies of DivIVA Mark Sites for Hyphal Branching and Can Establish New Zones of Cell Wall Growth in Streptomyces coelicolor

ABSTRACT Time-lapse imaging of Streptomyces hyphae revealed foci of the essential protein DivIVA at sites where lateral branches will emerge. Overexpression experiments showed that DivIVA foci can trigger establishment of new zones of cell wall assembly, suggesting a key role of DivIVA in directing peptidoglycan synthesis and cell shape in Streptomyces.
Absence of the TAP2 Human Recombination Hotspot in Chimpanzees

Recent experiments using sperm typing have demonstrated that, in several regions of the human genome, recombination does not occur uniformly but instead is concentrated in “hotspots” of 1–2 kb. Moreover, the crossover asymmetry observed in a subset of these has led to the suggestion that hotspots may be short-lived on an evolutionary time scale. To test this possibility, we focused on a region known to contain a recombination hotspot in humans, TAP2, and asked whether chimpanzees, the closest living evolutionary relatives of humans, harbor a hotspot in a similar location. Specifically, we used a new statistical approach to estimate recombination rate variation from patterns of linkage disequilibrium in a sample of 24 western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). This method has been shown to produce reliable results on simulated data and on human data from the TAP2 region. Strikingly, however, it finds very little support for recombination rate variation at TAP2 in the western chimpanzee data. Moreover, simulations suggest that there should be stronger support if there were a hotspot similar to the one characterized in humans. Thus, it appears that the human TAP2 recombination hotspot is not shared by western chimpanzees. These findings demonstrate that fine-scale recombination rates can change between very closely related species and raise the possibility that rates differ among human populations, with important implications for linkage-disequilibrium based association studies.
Succeeding in Postsecondary Ed through Self-Advocacy

entering college or other postsecondary institutions in droves, but often find programs lacking in the accommodations they need; indeed, these young adults are often unaware of exactly what they need for success in higher education. Because most instructors and counselors are unfamiliar with the needs and requirements of students with disabilities (see box, “The Increasing Need”), students must learn to be their own advocates. This article shows how these young adults can determine their cognitive strengths and weaknesses and develop their own “Self-Advocacy Plans. ” We worked with a group of students with learning disabilities to develop such plans, and then to apply their written plan as an advanced organizer for guiding discussions with individual professors. They developed the advanced organizer to enhance their discussions with professors and to reach a shared understanding of the student’s learning characteristics and his or her critical accommodation needs.
Combined LNA and mixer circuits for 2.4 GHz ISM band

We present a combined LNA-Mixer circuit with low area and low power, for the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The circuit has two versions: one has an output RC low-pass filter suitable for low IF frequencies; the other has an output LC band-pass filter suitable for medium IF frequencies. Circuits, with IF of 50 MHz and 400 MHz, were designed using UMC 0.13 µm CMOS technology and 1.2 V supply, and dissipate approximately 7.6 mW.
Cross-Language Information Retrieval for NTCIR at Toshiba

Toshiba submitted six runs in the NTCIR crosslingual task. Our basic approach was translation of Japanese search requests into English using a commercial machine translation system. Runs TSB1, TSB5 and TSB6 used the ASTRANSAC machine translation system, while, for comparison, TSB3 used queries manually constructed by a bilingual. TSB2 is TSB1 plus local feedback, and TSB4 is TSB3 plus local feedback. Therefore, only TSB1, TSB2, TSB5 and TSB6 can be considered as automatic runs. Runs TSB1 through TSB4 used the NEAT information ltering system based on the BM25 probabilistic retrieval model. Runs TSB5 and TSB6 used the vector-space search module of the KIDS information sharing system, the latter using its rulebased natural language analysis function. All runs used short queries, that is, they used as input the description elds only.
Peptides recognized by class I restricted T cells also bind to MHC class II molecules.

The mechanisms of antigen recognition employed by both class I and class II MHC-restricted T cells are very similar, yet many of the T cell determinants described to date are recognized in the context of a single class of MHC molecules, and generally with only one or a very few different MHC alleles. To determine whether this might be due to a structural difference between class I and class II restricted T cell determinants, peptides previously shown to be recognized in the context of MHC class I proteins by mouse or human CD8+ T lymphocytes were tested for their capacity to bind to HLA-DR molecules on the surface of B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL). Four out of five class I restricted T cell determinants tested bound to a panel of B-LCL, and the binding was inhibited by anti-HLA-DR mAb. The peptides did not bind to the class II-negative B-LCL RJ2.2. 5 nor to mouse L cells, but did bind to L cells transfected with HLA-DR1.
Time-effective direct dynamics identification of parallel manipulators for model-based feedforward control

Model-based control of robotic manipulators necessitates accurately parameterized models. This issue is especially important for complex and coupled mechanisms like parallel manipulators. This paper provides a methodology that permits the estimation of model parameters in a time-inexpensive manner. Due to the limited workspace, a bounded and periodic excitation trajectory is advantageous. Only one measurement procedure is necessary for accurate identification, which is carried out by means of the Markov estimator. Rigid-body and friction models are identified and integrated in a feedforward control. The success, accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology are substantiated with a multitude of experimental results
The contribution of leadership attributes to large scale, complex project success

Mismanagement of large-scale, complex projects has resulted in spectacular failures, cost overruns, time blowouts, and stakeholder dissatisfaction. We focus discussion on the interaction of key management and leadership attributes which facilitate leaders’ adaptive behaviors. These behaviors should in turn influence adaptive team member behavior, stakeholder engagement and successful project outcomes, outputs and impacts. An understanding of this type of management will benefit from a perspective based in managerial and organizational cognition. The research question we explore is whether successful leaders of large-scale complex projects have an internal process leading to a display of administrative, adaptive, and enabling behaviors that foster adaptive processes and enabling behaviors within their teams and with external stakeholders. At the core of the model we propose interactions of key attributes, namely
Impulsive students participate later: Delay discounting in a research subject pool

A common incentive used to induce students to serve as subjects in psychological research is course credit, in which hours of participation in research serve as a required component of the student’s final grade in introductory psychology courses. Kangas and Hackenberg (2009) recently examined its use in human operant research and showed that following a period of infrequent use in the 1970s and early-1980s, the use of course credit became very prevalent in the mid-1980s and 1990s, and remains a common practice today. The most recent survey data indicate that 32% of undergraduate psychology departments have subject pools (Landrum & Chastain, 1999), and when surveying only those departments with a graduate program, the prevalence dramatically increases to 74% (Sieber & Saks, 1989). A major advantage of course credit is its economy. Because subjects are compensated in non-monetary ways, many data can be collected at relatively low costs. Given the high prevalence of course credit contingencies in human research, several researchers have investigated the practice. For example, opportunities to earn course credit through research participation are typically distributed throughout the semester, but students are able to sign up to participate at the time of their choosing. Previous studies have found correlations between various personality traits and the likelihood of signing up early or late in the semester. Questionnaire-derived measures of achievement motivation, conscientiousness, compliance, and internal locus of control all predict a student’s likelihood of signing up for credits
An f-chromatic spanning forest of edge-colored complete bipartite graphs

In 2001, Brualdi and Hollingsworth proved that an edge-colored balanced complete bipartite graph Kn,n with a color set C = {1,2,3,. , 2n-1} has a heterochromatic spanning tree if the number of edges colored with colors in R is more than |R|^2 /4 for any non-empty subset R \subseteq C, where a heterochromatic spanning tree is a spanning tree whose edges have distinct colors, namely, any color appears at most once. In 2010, Suzuki generalized heterochromatic graphs to f-chromatic graphs, where any color c appears at most f(c). Moreover, he presented a necessary and sufficient condition for graphs to have an f-chromatic spanning forest with exactly w components. In this paper, using this necessary and sufficient condition, we generalize the Brualdi-Hollingsworth theorem above.
Eggshell quality and calcium utilization in feed of hens in repeated laying cycles

Hens of the laying hybrid Shaver Starcross 288 were used in two consequential experiments. The first experiment (for 10 months) was conducted on hens at the age from 18 to 60 weeks (1 st cycle; n = 50) and moulted hens after 10 months laying from 70 to 110 weeks of age (2 nd cycle; n = 50). For the second experiment (for 8 months) in the 1 cycle 18 weeks old hens were bought ( n = 60) and hens from the first experiment after moulting were used in the 2 nd and 3 rd cycle (n = 32 and n = 28). During the experiments eggshell qualitative parameters and calcium utilisation (%) were determined. The results indicate that the percentage of eggshell decreased with the increasing number of cycles. The significant correlation of the eggshell proportion and the age of hens was higher in long, advanced cycles ( P < 0.05). The shell strength in both experiments decreased slightly in relation to the age of hens and repeated laying cycles. The shell deformation had an opposite trend to the shell strength, i.e. it increased with the increasing laying. The average shell thickness showed a decrease in the repeated laying cycles, more significant in shorter cycles (P < 0.01). The specific shell gravity maintained balanced values both in cycles and by the age of hens. The shell density in all cycles in both experiments showed a decreasing tendency in relation to the age of hens. In dietary calcium utilization for the shell formation a significant decrease was recorded in the second cycles after moulting ( P < 0.05).
A disorder of rapid eye movements in Huntington's chorea.

A DISORDER OF RAPID EYE MOVEMENTS IN HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA BY ARNOLD STARR Division of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, California INTRODUCTION NEUROLOGISTS have traditionally analysed extraocular motility in terms of deficiencies of directional gaze or of disordered ocular reflexes. It should be apparent that an analysis of the movements themselves might also be of value in understanding the mechanisms regulating extraocular behaviour. In 1903, Dodge defined the two basic ways in which the eyes move. The first is by discrete and rapid jumps (up to 600°/sec.) called saccades or version movements; the second is by a slower but continuous progression (up to 45°/sec.) called following or tracking movements. The two types of eye movements are employed for different purposes. Saccades serve to bring the fovea promptly on to an eccentric point in the visual field, whereas smooth movements enable the fovea to be maintained on a continuously moving object. Thus, saccades can be considered as a response to position, and following movements as a response to velocity (Westheimer, 1954; Rashbass, 1961). Evidence from a wide variety of studies in normal individuals indicates that there may be a distinct neural mechanism regula- ting each of these eye movements and that normal ocular motility depends upon the integration of the two systems (Dodge, Travis and Fox, 1930; Rashbass, 1961; Young and Stark, 1963; Robinson, 1965). The purpose of this report is to provide an example of the dissociation of function of the two ocular control systems by a disease of the central nervous system, Huntington's chorea. Three patients with this illness were unable to move their eyes in a rapid saccade while preserving smooth following movements. One of the patients was studied in detail to define
Role-aware conformity influence modeling and analysis in social networks

Conformity influence is the inclination of a person to be influenced by others. In this paper, we study how the conformity tendency of a person changes with her role, as defined by her structural properties in a social network. We first formalize conformity influence using a utility function based on the conformity theory from social psychology, and then propose a probabilistic graphical model, referred to as Role-Conformity Model (RCM), for modeling the role-aware conformity influence between users by incorporating the utility function. We apply the proposed RCM to several academic research networks, and discover that people with higher degree and lower clustering coefficient are more likely to conform to others.We also evaluate RCM through the task of word usage prediction in academic publications, and show significant improvements over baseline models.
Supervised Learning in Spiking Neural Networks for Precise Temporal Encoding

Precise spike timing as a means to encode information in neural networks is biologically supported, and is advantageous over frequency-based codes by processing input features on a much shorter time-scale. For these reasons, much recent attention has been focused on the development of supervised learning rules for spiking neural networks that utilise a temporal coding scheme. However, despite significant progress in this area, there still lack rules that have a theoretical basis, and yet can be considered biologically relevant. Here we examine the general conditions under which synaptic plasticity most effectively takes place to support the supervised learning of a precise temporal code. As part of our analysis we examine two spike-based learning methods: one of which relies on an instantaneous error signal to modify synaptic weights in a network (INST rule), and the other one relying on a filtered error signal for smoother synaptic weight modifications (FILT rule). We test the accuracy of the solutions provided by each rule with respect to their temporal encoding precision, and then measure the maximum number of input patterns they can learn to memorise using the precise timings of individual spikes as an indication of their storage capacity. Our results demonstrate the high performance of the FILT rule in most cases, underpinned by the rule’s error-filtering mechanism, which is predicted to provide smooth convergence towards a desired solution during learning. We also find the FILT rule to be most efficient at performing input pattern memorisations, and most noticeably when patterns are identified using spikes with sub-millisecond temporal precision. In comparison with existing work, we determine the performance of the FILT rule to be consistent with that of the highly efficient E-learning Chronotron rule, but with the distinct advantage that our FILT rule is also implementable as an online method for increased biological realism.
Mannose receptor contribution to Candida albicans phagocytosis by murine E‐clone J774 macrophages

Mannoproteins, as the main constituents of the outer layer of yeast cell walls, are able to interact with phagocytic cells in an opsonin‐independent manner through the mannose receptor (MR) and to induce yeast ingestion by the professional phagocytes. Moreover, the MR also mediates endocytosis of soluble ligands through clathrin‐coated pits. Here, we studied some aspects of the interaction between the MR and Candida albicans using murine E‐clone macrophages and the consequences on MR trafficking. Using a pull‐down assay involving mixture E‐clone macrophage detergent lysate with mannosylated Sepharose beads and glutaraldehyde‐fixed, heat‐killed (HK) C. albicans, we found that binding of solubilized MR to mannosylated particles occurred with characteristics similar to the receptor’s cell‐surface mannose‐binding activity. We then demonstrated that MR expressed on E‐clone macrophages contributed to phagocytosis of unopsonized, HK C. albicans and that yeast phagocytosis induced a decrease in MR endocytic activity without concomitant degradation of the receptor in the time lapse studied.
Canonical Effective Subalgebras of Classical Algebras as Constructive Metric Completions

We prove general theorems about unique existence of effective subalgebras of classical algebras. The theorems are consequences of standard facts about completions of metric spaces within the framework of constructive mathematics, suitably interpreted in realizability models. We work with general realizability models rather than with a particular model of computation. Consequently, all the results are applicable in various established schools of computability, such as type 1 and type 2 effectivity, domain representations, equilogical spaces, and others.
Agent-patient similarity affects sentence structure in language production: evidence from subject omissions in Mandarin

Interference effects from semantically similar items are well-known in studies of single word production, where the presence of semantically similar distractor words slows picture naming. This article examines the consequences of this interference in sentence production and tests the hypothesis that in situations of high similarity-based interference, producers are more likely to omit one of the interfering elements than when there is low semantic similarity and thus low interference. This work investigated language production in Mandarin, which allows subject noun phrases to be omitted in discourse contexts in which the subject entity has been previously mentioned in the discourse. We hypothesize that Mandarin speakers omit the subject more often when the subject and the object entities are conceptually similar. A corpus analysis of simple transitive sentences found higher rates of subject omission when both the subject and object were animate (potentially yielding similarity-based interference) than when the subject was animate and object was inanimate. A second study manipulated subject-object animacy in a picture description task and replicated this result: participants omitted the animate subject more often when the object was also animate than when it was inanimate. These results suggest that similarity-based interference affects sentence forms, particularly when the agent of the action is mentioned in the sentence. Alternatives and mechanisms for this effect are discussed.
Motor Planning under Unpredictable Reward: Modulations of Movement Vigor and Primate Striatum Activity

Although reward probability is an important factor that shapes animal's behavior, it is not well understood how the brain translates reward expectation into the vigor of movement [reaction time (RT) and speed]. To address this question, we trained two monkeys in a RT task that required wrist movements in response to vibrotactile and visual stimuli, with a variable reward schedule. Correct performance was rewarded in 75% of the trials. Monkeys were certain that they would be rewarded only in the trials immediately following withheld rewards. In these trials, the animals responded sooner and moved faster. Single-unit recordings from the dorsal striatum revealed modulations in neural firing that reflected changes in movement vigor. First, in the trials with certain rewards, striatal neurons modulated their firing rates earlier. Second, magnitudes of changes in neuronal firing rates depended on whether or not monkeys were certain about the reward. Third, these modulations depended on the sensory modality of the cue (visual vs. vibratory) and/or movement direction (flexions vs. extensions). We conclude that dorsal striatum may be a part of the mechanism responsible for the modulation of movement vigor in response to changes of reward predictability.
Logical Fuzzy Preferences

We present a unified logical framework for representing and reasoning about both quantitative and qualitative preferences in fuzzy answer set programming, called fuzzy answer set optimization programs. The proposed framework is vital to allow defining quantitative preferences over the possible outcomes of qualitative preferences. We show the application of fuzzy answer set optimization programs to the course scheduling with fuzzy preferences problem. To the best of our knowledge, this development is the first to consider a logical framework for reasoning about quantitative preferences, in general, and reasoning about both quantitative and qualitative preferences in particular.
Longitudinal investigation of anxiety sensitivity growth trajectories and relations with anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence

Abstract Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the belief that anxious arousal is harmful, is a malleable risk factor that has been implicated in anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents. Although there is some evidence that adolescents possess distinct developmental trajectories, few studies have explored this topic. This study examined the developmental trajectory of AS in 248 adolescents (M age = 11.0 years, SD = 0.82; 56% male) across 6 years, beginning when children were age 11. This study also examined the influence of AS trajectories on anxiety and depression at age 16. Finally, this study examined the utility of AS classes in identifying anxiety and depression growth. Three AS classes were found, described by normative-stable, high-stable, and high-unstable trajectories. Adolescents in the high-stable and the high-unstable AS classes had higher levels of anxiety and depression at age 16 than did adolescents in the normative-stable AS class. In addition, the anxiety and depression trajectories fit by AS class mirrored the AS class trajectories. These findings suggest three AS trajectories can be identified in adolescents. These trajectories are discussed in relation to a developmental perspective of AS.