Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social, Emotional, and Academic Impact of Residual Speech Errors in School-Aged Children: A Survey Study

Abstract Children with residual speech errors face an increased risk of social, emotional, and/or academic challenges relative to their peers with typical speech. Previous research has shown that the effects of speech sound disorder may persist into adulthood and span multiple domains of activity limitations and/or participation restrictions, as defined by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. However, the nature and extent of these influences varies widely across children. This study aimed to expand the evidence base on the social, emotional, and academic impact of residual speech errors by collecting survey data from parents of children receiving treatment for /r/ misarticulation. By examining the relationship between an overall measure of impact (weighted summed score) and responses to 11 survey items, the present study offers preliminary suggestions for factors that could be considered when making decisions pertaining to treatment allocation in this population.
LymphocytesFine-Tuning IL-17A Production in CD4 T The Role of IL-15 in Activating STAT5 and

IL-15 is an important IL-2–related cytokine whose role in Th17 cell biology has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that exogenous IL-15 decreased IL-17A production in Th17 cultures. Neutralization of IL-15 using an Ab led to increases in IL17A production in Th17 cultures. Both Il15 2 / 2 and Il15r 2 / 2 T cell cultures displayed higher frequency of IL-17A producers and higher amounts of IL-17A in the supernatants compared with those of wild-type (WT) cells in vitro. IL-15 down-modulated IL17A production independently of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor- g t, Foxp3, and IFN- g expression. Both Th17 cells and APCs produced IL-15, which induced binding of STAT5, an apparent repressor to the Il17 locus in CD4 T cells. Also, in a model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Il15 2 / 2 mice displayed exac-erbated inﬂammation—correlating with increased IL-17A production by their CD4 + T cells—compared with WT controls. Exogenous IL-15 administration and IL-17A neutralization reduced the severity of EAE in Il15 2 / 2 mice. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-15 has a negative regulatory role in ﬁne-tuning of IL-17A production and Th17-mediated inﬂammation. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 000–000. conditions. In this study, we identify a novel mechanism by which IL-15 mediates inhibition of Th17 differentiation in vitro and immunopathology in the EAE model. We ﬁnd that cells to by and inducing to in cells. Thus, our data show the mechanistic details of inhibitory action of IL-15 on IL-17A production in CD4 + T cells, in vitro and during EAE inﬂammation in vivo.
The Market Demand Curve for Common Stocks: Evidence from Equity Mutual Fund Flows

Abstract We examine whether the market demand curve for equities is dawnward sloping. Unlike previous studies that examine individual stocks' demand curves, we look at the aggregate demand curve. As a proxy for aggregate demand, we employ equity mutual fund flows. Unlike previous studies that focus on events that are unlikely to convey new information to the market, we devise an empirical framework that disentangles the price-pressure effect and the information effect. We do not find evidence for the price-pressure effect that equity fund flows directly affect stock market prices in the presence of fundamentals of firms. Instead, we find that equity fund flows seem to be influenced by the performance of the stock market and that investors try to forecast fundamentals of firms and change their demand for stocks accordingly. Overall, these findings are with a horizontal market demand curve for equities.
On Sand and the Role of Grease in Labor Markets How Does Germany Compare?

This paper investigates wage setting in (west) Germany using the German Socioeconomic Panel dataset on individuals and compares the findings with those available for the United Kingdom and the United States. The fraction of job stayers in (west) Germany who suffer unchanged wages or wage cuts compares with that in similar data for the Anglo-American countries, even after various adjustments for potential reporting errors. While nominal wages of job stayers are rigid downward, real wages are not. Nevertheless, the macroeconomic effects of the nominal rigidity are limited and cannot be weakened substantially by raising inflation.
Environmental disclosure quality in large German companies: Economic incentives, public pressures or institutional conditions?

Abstract Investors and stakeholders in continental Europe are becoming increasingly concerned about corporate environmental policies. As a result, many firms are voluntarily increasing the extent of their environmental disclosure in their annual report. While mostly unregulated, corporate environmental disclosure does have potential economic significance considering the scarcity of alternative information sources. The purpose of this study is to identify determinants of corporate environmental disclosure using multi-theoretical lenses that rely on economic incentives, public pressures and institutional theory. The study focuses on large firms from a continental Europe country, Germany, with a distinct legal and regulatory context and where environmental concerns are especially acute. Results show that Risk, Ownership, Fixed Assets Age, Firm Size as well as routine determine the level of environmental disclosure by German firms in a given year. Moreover, consistent with institutional theory, results suggest that German firms' disclosure is converging over time. Overall, results strongly suggest that environmental disclosure is multidimensional and is driven by complementary forces.
Regional Dynamical Downscaling and the Cordex Initiative

We review the challenges and future perspectives of regional climate model (RCM), or dynamical downscaling, activities. Among the main technical issues in need of better understanding are those of selection and sensitivity to the model domain and resolution, techniques for providing lateral boundary conditions, and RCM internal variability. The added value (AV) obtained with the use of RCMs remains a central issue, which needs more rigorous and comprehensive analysis strategies. Within the context of regional climate projections, large ensembles of simulations are needed to better understand the models and characterize uncertainties. This has provided an impetus for the development of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), the first international program offering a common protocol for downscaling experiments, and we discuss how CORDEX can address the key scientific challenges in downscaling research. Among the main future developments in RCM research, we highlight the development of cou.
Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis in a mouse medulloblastoma model defines networks that discriminate between human molecular subgroups

Significance Medulloblastoma is a common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Gene expression data have indicated that the tumors fall into four molecular subgroups, “Wnt,” “Hedgehog,” “group 3,” and “group 4. ” With the exception of the Hedgehog subgroup, few functional data exist defining key molecular pathways driving tumor growth. Using a transposon mutagenesis approach, we identified genes that functionally cooperate with Hedgehog signalling to promote tumorigenesis in a Ptch1 mouse model of medulloblastoma. Surprisingly, the genes we identified were able to accurately define all four human molecular subtypes, not just Hedgehog, when used to interrogate published expression data. Thus, we have functionally defined key regulatory networks that illustrate both the differences and commonalities between tumor subgroups indicating a number of therapeutic strategies. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screen is a powerful tool to facilitate the discovery of cancer genes that drive tumorigenesis in mouse models. In this study, we sought to identify genes that functionally cooperate with sonic hedgehog signaling to initiate medulloblastoma (MB), a tumor of the cerebellum. By combining SB mutagenesis with Patched1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1lacZ/+), we observed an increased frequency of MB and decreased tumor-free survival compared with Ptch1lacZ/+ controls. From an analysis of 85 tumors, we identified 77 common insertion sites that map to 56 genes potentially driving increased tumorigenesis. The common insertion site genes identified in the mutagenesis screen were mapped to human orthologs, which were used to select probes and corresponding expression data from an independent set of previously described human MB samples, and surprisingly were capable of accurately clustering known molecular subgroups of MB, thereby defining common regulatory networks underlying all forms of MB irrespective of subgroup. We performed a network analysis to discover the likely mechanisms of action of subnetworks and used an in vivo model to confirm a role for a highly ranked candidate gene, Nfia, in promoting MB formation. Our analysis implicates candidate cancer genes in the deregulation of apoptosis and translational elongation, and reveals a strong signature of transcriptional regulation that will have broad impact on expression programs in MB. These networks provide functional insights into the complex biology of human MB and identify potential avenues for intervention common to all clinical subgroups.
HRM integration mechanism usage in MNC subsidiaries in China

Purpose – The present study sought to shed light on the antecedents of HRM integration mechanism usage in MNCs and to establish the extent to which antecedents differ in importance across different mechanism types.Design/methodology/approach – A set of hypotheses was developed and tested on a sample of 76 European‐owned subsidiaries located in China.Findings – The results show that the use of HRM integration mechanisms is greater in more capital‐intensive subsidiaries that employ larger numbers of expatriates. Post‐hoc analyses provide support for the view that integration mechanisms are used in a complementary fashion rather than as substitutes.Research limitations/implications – The study did not include the MNC's strategic international HRM orientation and the sample size is rather small. The results of the study do not allow any conclusions to be drawn regarding the effectiveness of the mechanisms, however this would be a fruitful issue to pursue in future research.Originality/value – The paper addres.
Segmenting Hotel Customers Based on Rate Fences Through Conjoint and Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to segment hotel customers based on room rates and rate fences. Four distinct customer segments were identified by combining conjoint and cluster analysis methods: refund seekers, 1-week advance booking lovers, price-sensitive consumers, and non-fenced consumers. The results of this study supported the effectiveness of the combined use of conjoint and cluster analysis in market segmentation. Findings could help hotel professionals understand the preferences and expectations of different customer segments, and design different hotel rate restrictions that cater for the needs of different types of customers.
An Analysis of Gender Wage Differentials in Russia from 1996-2002

This paper examined the male-female differentials in hourly earnings in Russia from 1996 to 2002. The gender wage gap did not alter significantly in the earlier years, a period characterized by economic instability, but as the economy recovered, the differential in earnings increased initially. This trend reversed in 2002 and while the gender wage gap in mean earnings fell to its previous level the differential increased at the lower percentiles. Throughout all years, most of the gender wage differential is accounted for by differences in rewards rather than differences in observable characteristics. Occupational segregation continues to be a salient feature of the labor market with women clustered in professional, clerical and service occupations while men are more predominantly employed in blue-collar jobs.
Cognitive changes in mild cognitive impairment patients with impaired visual recognition memory.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate whether assessing memory using the visual recognition memory task DMS48 in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) can contribute to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In an 18-month follow-up study, we assessed if longitudinal change in aMCI patients who failed on the DMS48 differs from that of patients who succeeded on this task at baseline. METHOD Twenty-six controls and 33 aMCI patients underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment at baseline and at an 18-month follow-up. Patients were divided into two subgroups, according to their z score on the DMS48 (DMS48+ subgroup succeeding; DMS48- subgroup failing on the task). In order to detect sensitive longitudinal change over time, we calculated and compared the standardized response mean (SRM) of performance on neuropsychological tasks in the three groups. RESULTS We found significant differences for the mean SRM of all neuropsychological tests when comparing DMS48+ vs. controls vs. DMS48-, which was greatest for the comparison between the DMS48- and the DMS48+ subgroup. Although cognitive profiles of the two patient subgroups at baseline did not differ in cognitive domains other than memory, we found a consistent decline on all neuropsychological tasks in the DMS48- subgroup compared with the DMS48+ subgroup, except for performance on a verbal fluency test. CONCLUSIONS As the cognitive profile of the DMS48- subgroup at follow-up resembles the typical pattern of AD described in the literature, this study confirms that visual recognition memory tasks may be useful to anticipate covert cognitive decline in aMCI patients.
Scenarios for a worldwide deployment of nuclear power

The growing worldwide demand for energy must be controlled. However, even in the event of voluntary policies to dampen energy demand, it is hard to imagine that the demand could be less than twice as much as today's by 2050. We feel it is necessary to satisfy this demand. It is obvious also that greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced in order to limit the severe consequences that they entail. An energy shortage could develop if new sources of large-scale energy production are not established. A significant contribution of nuclear power to such energy production by 2050 rests on a well-coordinated and optimised deployment scheme (Loiseaux et al., 2004; The Future of Nuclear Power, 2003). This requires, as early as today, a reflection on the present status of nuclear power, on its extrapolation into the future and, thus, on the means that should be put to work and the transition possibilities.
Rapid Assessment of Organic Pollution in a West-central Mexican River Using a Family-level Biotic Index

The cost-effectiveness of rapid assessment approaches make their adaptation for use in developing countries appealing, but biological assessment methods need to be validated before use in new geographic areas. The authors tested the suitability of a family-level biotic index for use in a river in west-central Mexico that receives organic point-source pollution from untreated municipal sewage and sugar-cane processing. The biotic index was highly correlated to dissolved oxygen, and could detect different levels of pollution. Information from rapid assessment biomonitoring was used successfully by local natural resource managers to help bring about improvements in water resource management.
Social Capital and its Popularity

The concept of ‘social capital’ has met with huge success among governmental agencies, including governments at all levels and transnational entities such as the World Bank. And yet the concept has been subjected to a devastating critique. This paper investigates a number of reasons given in the literature for its popularity. It starts with a brief overview of the social policy context in Australia, where the social capital framework has been influential. It goes on to discuss some of the reasons for the framework’s popularity, both admiring, e.g. it broadens our understanding of community well-being beyond the economic, and critical, e.g. it ignores the power of (real) capital. The paper concludes by suggesting that 'social capital' continues to prevail, despite its dubious epistemological status, because it serves a useful ideological function for (real) capital.
Ormond’s Disease or Secondary Retroperitoneal Fibrosis? An Overview of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

Retroperitoneal fibrosis represents a rare inflammatory disease. About two thirds of all cases seem to be idiopathic (= Ormond's disease). The remaining one third is secondary and may be ascribed to infections, trauma, radiation therapy, malignant diseases, and the use of certain drugs. Up to 15 % of patients have additional fibrotic processes outside the retroperitoneum. The clinical symptoms of retroperitoneal fibrosis are non-specific. In sonography retroperitoneal fibrosis appears as a retroperitoneal hypoechoic mass which can involve the ureters and thus cause hydronephrosis. Intravenous urography and MR urography can demonstrate the typical triad of medial deviation and extrinsic compression of the ureters and hydronephrosis. CT and MRI are the modalities of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease. The lesion typically begins at the level of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra and appears as a plaque, encasing the aorta and the inferior vena cava and often enveloping and medially displacing the ureters. In unenhanced CT, retroperitoneal fibrosis appears as a mass that is isodense with muscle. When using MRI, the mass is hypointense in T 1-weighted images and of variable intensity in T 2-weighted images according to its stage: it may be hyperintense in early stages, while the tissue may have a low signal in late stages. After the administration of contrast media, enhancement is greatest in the early inflammatory phase and minimal in the late fibrotic phase. Dynamic gadolinium enhancement can be useful for assessing disease activity, monitoring response to treatment, and detecting relapse. To differentiate retroperitoneal masses, diffusion-weighted MRI may provide useful information.
The Good, the Bad and the Cunning: How Networks Make or Break Cooperation

Groups often find themselves in a position to self-govern: sometimes a formal governing apparatus is weak or nonexistent; sometimes the legal system is underdeveloped, heavily back-logged or inapplicable; and sometimes groups simply have a preference for informal processes. In such cases, contrary to the Hobbesian vision of a self-help nightmare, groups often fare remarkably well both cooperating internally and coexisting with other groups. Diffuse punishment institutions induce cooperation well in tight-knit groups: the theory is well-understood and empirical examples abound. In many realistic settings, though, groups are imperfectly tight-knit, especially when populations are large or sparse or when communications technology is poor (even Facebook networks with very low-cost links are incomplete). Here I relate cooperation to a group’s exact structure of communication to identify the role that networks play in making or breaking cooperation. By generalizing the game-theoretic model in Fearon and Laitin (1996), I present a model flexible enough to account for the various ways that a group may be imperfectly tight-knit. The novel approach presented here makes the study of arbitrary group structures tractable for the first time, which opens the door to comparisons of social structures,
Blind savings or unforeseen costs? How consumers perceive the benefits and risks of using opaque travel selling Web sites

Opaque selling Web sites are considered to provide deep discounted rates compared with a products’ market price. However, consumers have to endure several uncertainties that are associated with purchasing a product with an unknown identity. This article aims to identify how consumers assess the perceived benefits and risks when purchasing opaque travel products online and how they formulate risk reduction strategies in order to acquire desired outcomes. Two focus groups were conducted in April 2013 with a total of 12 participants. The analysis revealed low price, value-added deal, and enjoyment from playing with the bidding system as the main benefits. The main risks included insignificant value margin, uncertainty of product quality or performance, and potential hidden fees. The study defined the ‘intentional buying’ process and provided insight for hospitality and tourism suppliers to cautiously evaluate and target customers.
Income Evaluation and Happiness in the Case of an Income Decline

Income evaluation and happiness in a number of life domains of people who had experienced an income decline were studied. 800 Participants in a survey indicated whether they had sought information and had taken precautionary measures to mitigate the effects of the lower income. By using Categorical Principal Components Analysis on this data, two scales capturing their reported behavior were constructed. The scales significantly explained people's income evaluation and happiness, in addition to their household income, family composition, and reasons for the income drop. Conclusions for budget advice and education in household financial management were drawn.
Performance of a new HPV and biomarker assay in the management of hrHPV positive women: Subanalysis of the ongoing multicenter TRACE clinical trial (n > 6,000) to evaluate POU4F3 methylation as a potential biomarker of cervical precancer and cancer

The ongoing Triage and Risk Assessment of Cervical Precancer by Epigenetic Biomarker (TRACE) prospective, multicenter study aimed to provide a clinical evaluation of the CONFIDENCE™ assay, which comprises a human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and a human epigenetic biomarker test. Between 2013 and 2015 over 6,000 women aged 18 or older were recruited in Hungary. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC), high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA detection and single target host gene methylation test of the promoter sequence of the POU4F3 gene by quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed from the same liquid‐based cytology sample. The current analysis is focused on the baseline cross‐sectional clinical results of 5,384 LBC samples collected from subjects aged 25 years or older. The performance of the CONFIDENCE HPV™ test was found to be comparable to the cobas® HPV test with good agreement. When applying the CONFIDENCE Marker™ test alone in hrHPV positives, it showed significantly higher sensitivity with matching specificity compared to LBC‐based triage. For CIN3+ histological endpoint in the age group of 25–65 and 30–65, the methylation test of POU4F3 achieved relative sensitivities of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.25–2.33) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.08–2.27), respectively, after verification bias adjustment. On the basis of our findings, POU4F3 methylation as a triage test of hrHPV positives appears to be a noteworthy method. We can reasonably assume that its quantitative nature offers the potential for a more objective and discriminative risk assessment tool in the prevention and diagnostics of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and cervical cancer.