Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“O Índio não gosta de ficar cativo”: Trabalho e Tradição nas Atividades Econômicas dos Pataxó da Aldeia de Coroa Vermelha

EnglishThis paper deals with the representations of Pataxo Indians of the village of Coroa Vermelha, municipality of Santa Cruz Cabralia, in the state of Bahia / Brazil about work and their economic activities. Presents reflections on the native understandings of these activities and concluding to refer to the understanding built by indians about the work and its relation with the tradition. The article is the result of doctoral research, with fieldwork conducted between 2008 and 2011, which expounded upon appropriation by the Indians of tourism as main economic activity and the changes made in the form of practicing tourism, wich in the process I describe as indianization of tourism. The ethnography aims to investigate the settings of the relationship between economics and tradition contextualized by an inner vision, that is, described in the terms presented by the indians, of the category tradition. portuguesO presente artigo trata das representacoes dos indios Pataxo da aldeia de Coroa Vermelha, municipio de Santa Cruz Cabralia, no estado da Bahia/Brasil a respeito do trabalho e de suas atividades economicas. Apresenta reflexao a respeito dos entendimentos nativos dessas atividades, terminando por referir -se a compreensao construida pelos indios sobre o trabalho e sua relacao com a tradicao. O artigo e resultado da pesquisa de doutoramento, com trabalho de campo realizado entre 2008 e 2011, que versou sobre a apropriacao do turismo pelos indios como atividade economica principal e as transformacoes realizadas na forma de praticar a atividade turistica, no processo que descrevo como de indianizacao do turismo. A etnografia realizada pretende investigar as configuracoes da relacao entre economia e tradicao contextualizadas por uma visao interna, isto e, descrita nos termos apresentados pelos indios, da categoria tradicao.
Increased prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with human papillomavirus infection.

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of abnormal Pap smears in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with that in a large group of healthy controls, and to determine whether SLE itself is an independent risk factor. The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the use of immunosuppressive agents with abnormal Pap smears in SLE was also assessed. METHODS Eighty-five SLE patients participated in this cross-sectional study. A sample of cervical cells was collected from each patient for routine cytologic examination. HPV was typed by restriction and sequencing analysis. A structured questionnaire was administered to the subjects to ascertain the possible behavioral and biologic risk factors associated with cervical atypia. Data on 2,080 healthy female subjects were retrieved for comparison. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) age of SLE patients and controls was 42 +/- 9 years and 44 +/- 10 years, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears was significantly increased in SLE patients compared with controls (16.5% versus 5.7%). The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions was increased approximately 6-fold in SLE patients (11.8%) compared with controls (2.0%). SLE itself remained an independent risk factor for abnormal Pap smears (odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.8-6.9). The overall prevalence of HPV infection in SLE patients and controls was 11.8% and 7.3%, respectively. However, 10.6% of SLE patients were infected with at least 1 high-risk type of HPV, compared with 4.2% of controls. Multiple infections were also more common in SLE patients than in controls (4.7% versus 1.1%). There were no significant differences in the use of immunosuppressive agents between SLE patients with normal Pap smears and those with abnormal Pap smears. CONCLUSION Abnormal Pap smears were more common among SLE patients than controls, even after adjusting for HPV status. SLE-associated immunosuppression increases susceptibility to high-risk HPV infection and multiple HPV infections. The use of immunosuppressant agents was not associated with abnormal Pap smears.
Pragmatism and Theory in English Law

capital finance). So far as the liability side of the balance sheet is concerned, the depositors share the bank's profit and loss on the basis of a formula laid down by the State Bank of Pakistan, different weightings being given to different classes of deposit. This system is of course not a banking system in English law because an Islamic financing institution is not able to guarantee the return on deposits. It is probable that Islamic banks will do business in the U.K., but only in the context of establishing unit trusts or investment companies. The first Islamic Bank to be set up in Europe was established in Denmark in 1983. Mr. Trolle-Schultz's contribution is a fascinating description of its initial two years. It illustrates that an Islamic bank can coexist with conventional Western banks in a European country. Any one with an interest in the world of international banking needs some awareness of the growth of the Islamic dimension. This book provides a straightforward and practical account. It is strongly recommended.
Job Market Paper

I consider a model in which an agent with a privately known type can acquire arbitrary evidence before interacting with a principal. Evidence is hard information which the holder can choose whether to disclose. In a broad class of screening models, I show that there is always an equilibrium which interim Pareto-improves over the no-evidence benchmark whenever some types of the agent take an outside option in the benchmark case, and standard monotonicity and single-crossing conditions apply – together with one other, commonly satisfied, condition. The monotonicity and single-crossing conditions can be dropped if the principal's payoffs are type-independent. I show that the sufficient conditions are tight and broadly applicable. Addressing concerns about multiple equilibria, I show how a planner can restrict the available evidence to ensure that an equilibrium in which the agent is better off than in the benchmark case is obtained.
Convergence on Self-Generated vs. Crowdsourced Ideas in Crisis Response: Comparing Social Exchange Processes and Satisfaction with Process

Social media allow crowds to generate many ideas to swiftly respond to events like crises, public policy discourse, or online town hall meetings. This allows organizations and governments to harness the innovative power of the crowd. As part of this setting, teams that process crowd ideas must engage in social exchange processes to converge on a few promising ideas. Traditionally, teams work on self-generated ideas. However, in a crowdsourcing scenario, such as public participation in crisis response, teams may have to process crowd-generated ideas. To better understand this new practice, it is important to investigate how converging on crowdsourced ideas affects the social exchange processes of teams and resulting outcomes. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which small teams working in a crisis response setting converged on self-generated or crowdsourced ideas in an emergency response context. Our findings suggest that teams converging on self-generated ideas have better social exchange processes in terms of dominance and coordination. We found support that evaluation and coordination positively affect team member satisfaction under both experimental conditions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Dark Side of Close Relationships

1. Overview of the Dark Side of Relationships Research Daniel Perlman and Rodrigo J. Carcedo 2. May-December Paradoxes: An Exploration of Age-Gap Relationships in Western Society Justin J. Lehmiller and Christopher R. Agnew 3. Fairytales and Tragedies: Narratively Making Sense of the Dark Side (and the Dark Side of Making Sense) of Personal Relationships Jody Koenig Kellas, Erin K. Willer, and Haley Kranstuber 4. Dark Sides of Computer-Mediated Communication David C. DeAndrea, Stephanie Tom Tong, and Joseph B. Walther 5. Internet Matching Services: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (Disguised as Attractive) Susan Sprecher 6. Affectionate Communication is Good, Except When it isn't: On the Dark Side of Expressing Affection Kory Floyd and Perry M. Pauley 7. Infidelity: When, Where, Why Irene Tsapelas, Helen E. Fisher, and Arthur Aron 8. Relational Turbulence: What Doesn't Kill Us Makes Us Stronger Denise Haunani Solomon and Jennifer A. Theiss 9. In-Laws or Outlaws: The Dark and the Bright in In-Law Relationships Mary Claire Morr Serewicz and Rebecca A. Hosmer 10. Dark Clouds with Silver Linings: The (Dys)Functional Ambivalence of Stepfamily Relationships Paul Schrodt and Dawn O. Braithwaite 11. Women's Relationships with Incarcerated Men Susan A. Miller and Diane H. Felmlee 12. The Meaning of Girls' Social Aggression: Nasty or Mastery? Erin K. Willer and William R. Cupach 13. Intimate Partner Violence and Aggression: Seeing the Light in a Dark Place Brian H. Spitzberg 14. Narcissism and Relationships: From Light to Dark Joshua D. Foster and Jean M. Twenge 15. Living Single: Lightening Up those Dark, Dopey Myths Bella DePaulo
Clinical picture, haematological parameters and pathomorphological findings in fattening chickens after application of lethal quantity of 32P

Due to its quality and relatively low price as a result of a simple and short production cycle, poultry meat occupies a very high position in the consumption of foodstuffs of animal origin. It is just because of such simple and rapid production that, under the circumstances of larger-scale radioactive contamination, poultry meat might become the main source of protein of animal origin. This fact, as well as the fact that no investigation into the effects of radioactive phosphorus (32P) on fattening chickens has been conducted so far, induced us to investigate the impact of a lethal quantity of this isotope on chickens at slaughter age. The investigation was performed on chickens, hybrids of the Jata heavy breeds of both sexes, aged 50 days and with a mass ranging from 1500 to 2000 g. The experiment was based on the application of radioactive phosphorus 32 P at 333 MBq/kg of body mass. Test animals were clinically examined, blood samples were taken for haematological analysis and, immediately after death, dissection and pathohistological examination were performed. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that radioactive phosphorus 32
Characterization and Empirical Evaluation of Bayesian and Credal Combination Operators

We address the problem of combining independent evidences from multiple sources by utilizing the Bayesian and credal combination operators. We present measures for degree of conflict and imprecision, which we use in order to characterize the behavior of the operators through a number of examples. We introduce discounting operators that can be used whenever information about the reliability of sources is available. The credal discounting operator discounts a credal set with respect to an interval of reliability weights, hence, we allow for expressing reliability of sources imprecisely. We prove that the credal discounting operator can be computed by using the extreme points of its operands. We also perform two experiments containing different levels of risk where we compare the performance of the Bayesian and credal combination operators by using a simple score function that measures the informativeness of a reported decision set. We show that the Bayesian combination operator performed on centroids of operand credal sets outperforms the credal combination operator when no risk is involved in the decision problem. We also show that if a risk component is present in the decision problem, a simple cautious decision policy for the Bayesian combination operator can be constructed that outperforms the corresponding credal decision policy.
Serpentinization, Carbon, and Deep Life

The aqueous alteration of ultramafic rocks through serpentinization liberates mantle carbon and reducing power. Serpentinization occurs in numerous settings on present day Earth, including subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, and ophiolites and has extended far into Earth’s history, potentially contributing to the origins and early evolution of life. Serpentinization can provide the energy and raw materials to support chemosynthetic microbial communities that may penetrate deep into Earth’s subsurface. Microorganisms may also influence the composition and quantity of carbon-bearing compounds in the deep subsurface. However, conditions created by serpentinization challenge the known limits of microbial physiology in terms of extreme pH, access to electron acceptors, and availability of nutrients. Furthermore, the downward transport of surface carbon and subsequent mixing with calcium-rich fluids at high pH contributes to the precipitation and immobilization of carbonate minerals. The following chapter will explore the physiological challenges presented by the serpentinite environment, data from studies of serpentinite-hosted microbial ecosystems, and areas in need of further investigation. ### Physical and chemical consequences of serpentinization Serpentinization is an alteration process of low-silica ultramafic rocks, characteristic of the lower oceanic crust and upper mantle. These rocks are rich in the minerals olivine and pyroxene. Water-rock reactions result in the oxidation of ferrous iron from olivine and pyroxene, resulting in the precipitation of ferric iron in magnetite (Fe3O4) and other minerals, and in the release of diatomic hydrogen (H2). At low temperatures (< ~150 °C) the reaction results in extremely high pH, commonly above 10. The combination of H2 and CO2 or CO under highly reducing conditions leads to formation of methane and other hydrocarbons through Fischer-Tropsch Type (FTT) synthesis (McCollom and Seewald 2001; Charlou et al. 2002; Proskurowski et al. 2008; McCollom 2013). Serpentinization also results in volume changes in the altered materials, making serpentinites less dense than …
Multiparametric 3T MRI evaluation of hereditary spastic paraplegia: A case report

Abstract Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare heterogeneous group of familial neurodegenerative disorders characterized by degeneration of the corticospinal tracts and posterior column of the spinal cord. Previously described radiological findings included nonspecific brain abnormalities such as brain atrophy and white matter lesions, as well as atrophy of the corpus callosum and spinal cord. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy may reveal reduced concentrations of normal brain metabolites and elevated levels of myoinositol. Diffusion tensor imaging shows increased mean diffusivity and reduced fractional anisotropy in the periventricular white matter, which is compatible with damaged myelinated axons. We present here two cases of HSP in a single family with typical imaging findings.
ANTECEDENTS OF E-LOYALTY: THE CASE OF AIRLINES IN SAUDI ARABIA

SUMMARY Due to the internet and E-commerce booming, many airline companies are attempting to stimulate customers to shift from traditional distribution channels to online channels. Therefore, Web site quality, trust, usefulness, enjoyment and social pressure are now considered a critical factor in attracting customers' attention and build loyalty. This paper proposes factors that Drives consumers " continuance e-loyalty Intention to Online Airlines Web Site. Perceived usefulness, enjoyment, social pressure, and loyalty incentives are determinants of online flight booking continuance in Saudi Arabia. Finally, conclusions and implications derived from this study are presented. This paper would be of a great help when Airlines' websites need to be developed or evaluated. ABSTRACT This study proposes a revised technology acceptance model that integrates expectation confirmation theory to measure continuance intentions of online shopping for airlines web sites. The sample respondent 465online users in Saudi Arabia. A structural equation model confirms model fit. Perceived usefulness, enjoyment, social pressure, and loyalty incentives are determinants of online flight booking continuance in Saudi Arabia. This research moves beyond online booking intentions and includes factors affecting online booking continuance. The research model explains 53% of the intention to continue booking using airlines web sites.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung

Neuroendocrine tumors may develop throughout the human body with the majority being found in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system. Neuroendocrine tumors are classified according to the grade of biological aggressiveness (G1–G3) and the extent of differentiation (well-differentiated/poorly-differentiated). The well-differentiated neoplasms comprise typical (G1) and atypical (G2) carcinoids. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas as well as small cell carcinomas (G3) are poorly-differentiated. The identification and differentiation of atypical from typical carcinoids or large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and small cell carcinomas is essential for treatment options and prognosis. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are characterized according to the proportion of necrosis, the mitotic activity, palisading, rosette-like structure, trabecular pattern and organoid nesting. The given information about the histopathological assessment, classification, prognosis, genetic aberration as well as treatment options of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are based on own experiences and reviewing the current literature available. Most disagreements among the classification of neuroendocrine tumor entities exist in the identification of typical versus atypical carcinoids, atypical versus large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas versus small cell carcinomas. Additionally, the classification is restricted in terms of limited specificity of immunohistochemical markers and possible artifacts in small biopsies which can be compressed in cytological specimens. Until now, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors have been increasing in incidence. As compared to NSCLCs, only little research has been done with respect to new molecular targets as well as improving the classification and differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung.
Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Net Nitrogen Mineralization in the Meadow Steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

Effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil net nitrogen mineralization (NNM) were examined in situ during two growing seasons, using the resin-core technique in the semiarid meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of N levels (0, 10, and 20 kg N ha−1yr−1) and forms (NH4 + and NO3 -) on soil mineral N and NNM. Our results showed that N levels had no significant differences on soil mineral N and NNM. In the first year, three N treatments ((NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl and KNO3) increased soil NH4 + concentrations but had no significant effects on soil NO3 - concentrations. In the second year, (NH4)2SO4 treatment increased soil NO3 - concentrations, NH4Cl and KNO3 treatments decreased them. Three N treatments significantly decreased soil NH4 + concentrations in the later stages of the second year. As for the soil NNM, three N treatments had no significant effects on the rates of soil NNM (R m) and net nitrification (R n) in the first year, but significantly decreased them in the second year. The contribution of N addition to Rm was higher from (NH4)2SO4 than from NH4Cl and KNO3. However, Soil R m was mainly affected by soil water content (SWC), accumulated temperature (Ta), and soil total N (TN). These results suggest that the short-term atmospheric N deposition may inhibit soil NNM in the meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia.
The Influence of Social Norms in Consumer Decision Making: a Meta-Analysis

Although social norms can substantially impact consumer decision making, understanding of how the specification of the norm determines its impact is limited. This meta-analysis (200 independent studies, 659 effect sizes) examines how aspects of social norm specification determine the effect of norms on attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior. It argues and shows that descriptive norms have a larger impact on behavior than injunctive norms, whereas injunctive norms have a larger impact on attitudes than descriptive norms. Effects on behavior are also stronger when norms come from close and concrete sources (vs. authority figures or abstract others) and when the behavior is public (vs. private). No effects were found for specifications of the expected behavior, the consequences, or the target person.
Knockdown of Chk1, Wee1 and Myt1 by RNA Interference Abrogates G2 Checkpoint and Induces Apoptosis

Mammalian cells undergo cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage due to the existence of multiple checkpoint response mechanisms. One such checkpoint pathway operating at the G1 phase is frequently lost in cancer cells due to mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. However, cancer cells often arrest at the G2 phase upon DNA damage, due to activation of another checkpoint pathway that prevents the activation Cdc2 kinase. The kinases, Chk1, Wee1, and Myt1 are key regulators of this G2 checkpoint, which act directly or indirectly to inhibit Cdc2 activity. Here we show that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated down-regulation of Wee1 kinase abrogated an Adriamycin“-induced G2 checkpoint in human cervical carcinoma Hela cells that are defective in G1 checkpoint response. Wee1 down-regulation sensitized HeLa cells to Adriamycin“-induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of Chk1 kinase in Hela cells also caused a significant amount of cell death independent of DNA damage. In contrast, Myt1 down-regulation also abrogated Adriamycin“-induced G2 arrest but did not cause substantial apoptosis. Reduction in Wee1, Chk1, or Myt1 levels did not sensitize normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) cells to Adriamycin“-induced apoptosis unlike the situation in Hela cells. Our study reveals distinct roles for Chk1, Wee1, and Myt1 in G2 checkpoint regulation. The data reported here support the attractiveness of Wee1 and Chk1 is as molecular targets for abrogating the G2 DNA damage checkpoint arrest, a situation that may selectively sensitize p53-deficient tumor cells to radiation or chemotherapy treatment.
The Effect of Instruction on the Perceived Degree of Liking for Opera in Upper Elementary Music Students

This study examined the effect of instrwction on upper elementary music students' degree of liking for opera. Twelve intact music classes were randorr~ly assigned to control and experimental groups. All students were administered a pretest, utilizing a five-point Likert-type scale, to determine initial degree of liking for each musical excerpt. Following the pretest, experimental subjects (n=134) received twelve periods of opera instruction. Cor~trol subjects (n=130) received regular music instruction. Following the treatment period, all subjects were administered a posttest. Statistical 1-tests were utilized to investigate significant gain differences (g= .05) between experimental and control groups. Overall, results indicate a significant increase in degree of liking for the Italian and English operas. Analysis by student gender shows no significant gain differences between male and femaie students. Analysis by grade levels shows no significant gain differences for fourth-grade students, significant gain differences for the Italian opera with fifth-grade students, and significant gain differences for the English opera with sixth-grade students. Additional research possibilities and educational implications have been included.