Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of drop and dangle rehabilitation protocol to increase knee flexion following total knee arthroplasty: a comparison with continuous passive motion machine.

BACKGROUND There are variations in the type of rehabilitation program and duration of using the continuous passive motion (CPM) machine to increase range of motion (ROM) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of the 'drop and dangle' (D&D) protocol vs. a 3-hour daily CPM for the purpose of increasing flexion following TKA. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective non-concurrent controlled intervention study was conducted on patients who underwent primary TKA atLampang Hospital from December 2009 to August 2011 (D&D group, n = 36) andfrom September 2011 to December 2012 (CPM group, n = 33). The same surgeon using the same prosthesis design performed all surgeries. The legs in D&D group were placed into the knee immobilizer at 70 flexion and removed on postoperative day 1 (POD1). The passive ROM exercise was then started by dropping the affected leg over the bedside, and gently flexing and bending the knee with the help of the unaffected leg to achieve maximal flexion. The legs in the CPM group were immobilized with a Jones bandage in full extension for 24 hours, and then placed into CPM machine for three, 1-hour per day sessions. The clinical data were statistically compared between the two groups. RESULTS Patient baseline characteristics in both groups were not different. The D&D group had more average passive flexion in POD1 (67.0° ± 14.2° vs. 59.1° ± 3.2°, p < 0.001) and POD2 (76.6° ± 14.2° vs. 69.8° ± 13.3° , p = 0.008). Higher rates of flexion were observed in PODs 3-7 but they were not significant. Flexion at discharge in the D&D group was 100.6° ± 6.8° and 96.4°+10.2° in the CPM group (p = 0.005). At 6 weeks, rates of flexion in both groups were similar (D&D 99.8° ±10.4°, CPM 103.9° ± 10.4°, p = 0.138). Rates offlexion were also similar at 1 year (D&D 112.0° ± 10.4°, CPM 111.6° ± 12.6°, p = 0.892). CONCLUSION D&D protocol provided more passive knee flexion than the use of CPM in the first two days after TKA and at discharge. These differences were not significant at 6 weeks and 1 year
Neuropsychological sequelae, familial stress, and environmental adaptation following pediatric head injury

This study investigated the long‐term neurobehavioral recovery of 18 children who had sustained moderate to severe head injuries (HIs). 1 A sibling comparison group composed of 12 brothers and sisters of the HI children was utilized to control for genetic and socioeconomic variability. A comprehensive battery of intellectual, academic, and neuropsychological tests revealed relatively few differences between the two groups. However, the apparent cognitive recovery of the HI children did not extend to functional outcomes. Interviews and questionnaire data collected from parents and teachers indicated that the HI children displayed more problem behaviors, were less socially competent, and showed less adaptive living skills than their brothers and sisters. Additionally, the HI children placed more stress on the parent‐child relationship than did the control children.
The Perspective of Young Prisoners on their Occupations

The repressive and overcrowded conditions in Canada's prisons are at odds with their objective of reintegrating inmates into society, and inmates' entitlement to services that improve their well-being and their future. The purpose of this paper is to present the perspective of eight young prisoners, in a provincial prison, on their occupations before and during their incarceration, and those they will consider after release. Their views were gathered via individual interviews, which were transcribed and thematically analyzed. The analysis showed that before incarceration the young men were involved in occupations that met their need for diversity, risk, personal direction, social acceptance and money. During the detention period, they were substantially occupationally deprived, if not in occupational quest or “occupational outlet”. Most of them had very vague plans for their future or saw themselves in situations similar to the illegal or criminal occupations in their past. The findings have implications for practice and further study.
Differences in estrogen modulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in cultured fibroblasts from continent and incontinent women.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing estrogen concentrations on metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase protein expressions in cultured pelvic fibroblasts that were obtained from continent and incontinent women. STUDY DESIGN Periurethral vaginal wall tissues were taken from four stress incontinent and three continent premenopausal women who underwent gynecologic surgery for benign indications. Protein was extracted from these tissues, and Western blot analysis was performed to document that fibroblasts from continent and incontinent women differed with respect to metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase production. One age-matched tissue pair was prepared for fibroblast culture. Cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of estradiol (0-500 pg/mL). Extracellular metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase were assessed semiquantitatively with Western blotting. RESULTS Periurethral vaginal tissues from incontinent women expressed less tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase when compared with tissue from the control subjects; there was no difference in the expression of cleaved, active metalloproteinase protein. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase expression from fibroblasts of continent women significantly increased with increasing estradiol concentrations (0-100 pg/mL, P <.05). No significant dose response was seen in fibroblasts from an incontinent woman. Metalloproteinase expression was not altered by increasing estradiol concentrations in fibroblasts from either continent or incontinent women. CONCLUSION This preliminary in vitro study suggested that, in fibroblasts that were derived from the continent woman, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase protein production increases with increasing estrogen levels and that, in stress incontinent fibroblasts, no similar increase occurs. Neither group demonstrated a change in metalloproteinase production in response to varying estrogen levels, which suggests that estrogen may inhibit collagen degradation in continent women by increasing tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase production but exerts a reduced inhibitory effect on collagenolysis in women with stress urinary incontinence.
Association of T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis

The association between T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension risk remains controversial. We herein performed a meta-analysis to achieve a reliable estimation of their relationship. All the studies published up to May 2013 on the association between T174M polymorphism and essential hypertension risk were identified by searching the electronic repositories PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Ultimately, nine eligible studies, including 2188 essential hypertension cases and 2459 controls, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. No significant associations were found under the overall ORs for M-allele comparison (M vs. T, pooled OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.62–1.37), MM vs. TT (pooled OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.29–2.51), TM vs. TT n (pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63–1.32), recessive model (MM vs. TT+TM, pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.35–2.30), dominant model (MM+TM vs. TT, pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.60–1.38) between T174M polymorphism and risk for essential hypertension. This meta-analysis suggested that the T174M polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene might not be associated with the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Asian or European populations.
Construct and predictive validity of instruments for coding relational control communication

This paper considers the construct and predictive validity of available instruments for coding relational control. The opening section of the paper offers an analysis which compares each instrument to formative ideas in interactional theory. Data then are presented concerning the construct and predictive validity of the instruments. The final portion of the paper discusses the relative merits of each instrument.
Characterization of reduced graphene oxide produced through a modified Hoffman method

Abstract Large-scale fabrication of graphene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is important for industrial and research applications of this material. Chemical solution methods offer a low-cost alternate to produce rGO with high yield. This research is to explore the effect of chemical and thermal reduction on the quality of chemically synthesized graphene and its derivatives. A top-down process involved the chemical oxidation of the precursor graphite powder (size ~10 μm) using a concentrated mixture of sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Oxidized graphite powder was thermally exfoliated at 1,050°C for 30 s to produce graphene oxide (GO). Chemical reduction in GO sheets with sodium borohydride led to the formation of rGO. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy revealed an intensity ratio of 2D/G bands of rGO as approximately 0.5 indicating a multi-layered structure. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results indicated a multi-layered rGO with a lateral size up to 5 μm.
Role of BRAF‐V600E in the serrated pathway of colorectal tumourigenesis

There is increasing evidence for an alternative pathway of sporadic colorectal tumourigenesis that is associated with DNA microsatellite instability (MSI), due to methylation and loss of expression of the mismatch repair gene MLH1. Recent studies have highlighted a serrated pathway of colorectal cancer (CRC) in which serrated polyps with activating mutations in BRAF progress to CRCs with MSI following methylation and silencing of MLH1. The present study provides a novel mechanistic experimental model for these clinical observations. We investigated the role of BRAF activating mutation (BRAF‐V600E) in colorectal tumourigenesis by studying the effects of forced expression of BRAF‐V600E in the ‘normal’ colon epithelial NCM460 cell line and by targeting endogenous BRAF‐V600E in MSI‐High (MSI‐H) colon cancer cell lines. The findings indicate that BRAF mutation in colon epithelial cells contributes to a gain in resistance towards apoptotic stimuli, which is likely to be an important characteristic of pre‐malignant serrated lesions. BRAF‐V600E also plays a role in the development and maintenance of transformed and invasive phenotypes in colon epithelial cells. Our findings also suggest that BRAF mutation potentiates promoter hypermethylation of the MLH1 gene promoter. Together, these results highlight BRAF as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in sporadic MSI‐H colorectal cancers. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COHERENCE IN FILM

1. All authors contributed equally to this work. The film sequences were produced with assistance of Judy Phu (Cinematography), Jeanne Tyson (Cinematography), Dylan Chapgier (Cinematography) , Nathan Meade (Assistant Camera/Gaffer), David Pregerson (Production Assistant), Jonathan Oldham (Actor), and David Atlas (Actor). We are grateful for the comments and suggestions of reviewers and colleagues, as well as audiences at the University of Oslo, Cornell, SCSMI, UCLA, and Haverford. This project was supported in part by the UCLA Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research Transdisciplinary Seed Grants. Over the last century, the philosophical study of meaning, including the areas of semantics and pragmatics, has overwhelmingly focused on language. In this paper, we examine the interplay of semantics and pragmatics in the alternative domain of film — understood to include all variety of video and animation, as they appear in cinema, on television, and online. Far from a marginal case, film is one of the primary means by which humans exchange narrative in contemporary society. A film consists of one or more shots organized into linear temporal sequence; our focus are those films which combine multiple shots to express their content. While, in principle, each shot in a given sequence could depict a completely isolated situation with no implied connection to the next, filmmakers have discovered methods of montage, or editing, by which shots are arranged so as to reliably convey unbroken stories, taking place in continuous space and time. How sequences of distinct images (and sounds) are able to express such coherent content is one of the central questions of classical film theory, and is the subject of this paper. The semantic view of film holds that the expression of unified content through the juxtaposition of shots is made possible in part by a system of semantic conventions. Like the rules of language, such conventions constitute specific interpretive principles which go beyond our everyday capacities for perception, thought, and action. In the case of film, they function to introduce implicit temporal, spatial, and narrative relationships between the events represented by adjacent shots. But, unlike some of the examples familiar from language, these conventions need not be fully arbitrary; instead, they may be naturally motivated in part by prior expectations and tendencies. For example, edited sequences following the common point-of-view convention move from a shot of a character’s face to a shot of the scene they perceive, echoing the natural transition from noticing a glance to looking at the
Online Consumer Behavior: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

The topic of online consumer behavior has been examined under various contexts over the years. Although researchers from a variety of business disciplines have made significant progress over the past few years, the scope of these studies is rather broad, the studies appear relatively fragmented and no unifying theoretical model is found in this research area. In view of this, we provide an exhaustive review of the literature and propose a research framework with three key building blocks (intention, adoption, and continuance) so as to analyze the online consumer behavior in a systematic way. This proposed framework not only provides us with a cohesive view of online consumer behavior, but also serves as a salient guideline for researchers in this area. We conclude our paper with a research agenda for the study of online consumer behavior.
Using the Concept of Perspective to Integrate Cultural, Communicative, and Form-Focused Language Instruction

In 2007, the Modern Language Association Ad Hoc Committee on Foreign Languages advocated for revising postsecondary second language programs to cultivate students’ “translingual and transcultural competence. ” Since then, the meaning, merits, and difficulties of these goals have been much discussed. This article presents the concept of linguistic and cultural perspective as a strategy for helping students to develop the interrelated linguistic and cultural competencies at the heart of these goals. Because of its centrality to both language and culture, this concept can link communicative, form-focused, and cultural instruction and promote the critical awareness that underlies the target competencies. Instructional examples from beginning, intermediate, and advanced German-language classrooms illustrate how the concept of perspective can be used to pursue these goals.
Addressing the interpretation and the aggregation problems in totally fuzzy and relative poverty measures

This work is related to the studying of poverty dynamics using the Totally Fuzzy and Relative (TFR) approach who allows us to analyse poverty in a multidimensional perspective avoiding the use of arbitrary threshold values as in the traditional approach. This paper focuses on two problems concerning i) the interpretability of TFR measures and ii) their weighting system. For these reason, we propose an alternative specification of the membership function that expands the interpretability of TFR and we compare the weight function originally proposed with the TFR method with other specifications that may be considered equally valid. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY The Totally Fuzzy and Relative (TFR) method proposed by Cheli and Lemmi (1995) represents a very effective tool for analysing poverty in a multidimensional perspective, at the same time avoiding the use of arbitrary threshold values. TFR indices are ordinal measures that are effective for making cross section and intertemporal poverty comparisons. However their values have no intrinsic meaning and this fact limits both their interpretability and the possibility of comparing the indices that. account for different aspects of poverty to one another as well as the possibility of aggregating them in order to produce an index of global poverty. Here we propose an alternative specification of the membership function that expands the interpretability of TFR indices and makes the aggregation of measures relative to different aspects of poverty less controversial. Another problem that characterises the TFR approach as well as other methods for multidimensional poverty analysis concerns a certain arbitrariness affecting the choice of the weights by means of which we aggregate the information provided by different poverty indicators. Here we do not propose any methodological solution and we just compare some different weight specifications to one another. In the empirical analysis, carried out on BHPS data from 1991 to 1997, we compare the results obtained by applying i) the original versus the new m.f. specification and ii) three different weight functions. The fact that all these sets of results derived according to different methodological variations of the TFR method substantially coincide suggests that both the arbitrary choice of the weight function and the preference for the original or the alternative m.f. are not crucial problems, since they do not seem to condition the results of the analysis. This constitutes empirical evidence of the robustness of the method itself to the mentioned changes. Of course, the empirical nature of this study makes this conclusion dependent on the particular data set that we considered. For this reason, a sensitivity analysis by simulation data would be useful in order to draw more general conclusions.
Characterization of Changes in Gluten Proteins in Low-Gliadin Transgenic Wheat Lines in Response to Application of Different Nitrogen Regimes

Gluten proteins are major determinants of the bread making quality of wheat but also of important gluten-related disorders. The gluten protein accumulation during grain filling is strongly influenced by nitrogen fertilization. We have characterized the gluten proteins in low-gliadin wheat lines as influenced by nitrogen treatments in two experiments. These transgenic lines, D783, D793, C655, D577, and E82 were obtained by using two different RNAi silencing fragments and two endosperm-specific promoters to drive the silencing fragments (d-hordein and γ-gliadin). In Experiment 1, we used three nitrogen fertilizer rates (120, 360, and 1080 mg N) added at sowing stage and combined with two sulfur rates (8 and 30 mg S); Experiment 2 included two nitrogen levels (120 and 1080 mg N), which were added according to the greatest demand per plant using split applications. The protein quantification was accomplished by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and gluten content (ppm) determined using monoclonal antibody R5 (Competitive R5 ELISA). The results showed differences in protein accumulation between the two transgenic lines with the same silencing fragment but different promoter. Lines D793 and E82 showed low gliadin and an increment in glutenin content with increasing nitrogen. Competitive ELISA R5 showed a significant decrease in gluten content using split applications of nitrogen (Experiment 2) with 120 mg N compared to Experiment 1. In addition, line E82 ensures that variations in N fertilization will not result in increased gluten content.
Bridging Community Differences through Informal Processes

Participatory planning today faces a dual challenge—the growing diversity and differences at the community level and the limitations of institutionalized participation. By comparing two cases of community planning in Seattle, Washington, and Matsudo, Japan, this article examines the role of informal processes in overcoming institutional and social barriers and negotiating differences of identities, values, and interests. The article argues that, through animated interactions, building of trust, experiential learning, and spontaneity, informal activities and processes can serve as important vehicles for creating meanings, social relationships, and collective actions and enable planners to navigate the cultural and political terrain of community differences.
Metropolitan regional planning in Amsterdam: A case study

The planning of the Amsterdam metropolitan region is presented as a case of interorganisational coordination, focusing on coordination structures and strategies. An overview of regional governance traces the trend towards the establishment of a metropolitan regional 'City Province' and the effects of its unexpected reversal in 1995. Integrative metropolitan regional planning, special area planning and sectoral planning are reviewed, including the metropolitan regional body and national, provincial and local governments, and their interactions in developing metropolitan regional plans and policies. The case study reveals a metropolitan regional planning system of unexpected complexity and attributes the relatively successful outcomes to the intensive role of consultation and the proliferation of coordination structures in Dutch planning.
Approximate secrecy capacity region of an asymmetric MAC wiretap channel within 1/2 bits

We consider a 2-user Gaussian Multiple-Access Wiretap channel (GMAC-WT), with the Eavesdropper (E) having access to signal from only one (say, T2) of the two transmitters. We characterize the capacity region of this channel approximately within. 5 bits, where the approximation is in terms of only T1's rate or the sum-rate depending on the relative strength of the eavesdropper's channel. However, the approximation is. 5 bits independent of channel coefficients or operating Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). To prove this approximate result we propose two different coding schemes, namely, the power adaptation and the time sharing coding schemes and derive their corresponding achievable rate regions. Both of them use Gaussian input distribution. To establish the approximate capacity, we first derive supersets to the capacity region and then show that corresponding to each rate pair at the boundary of these supersets there exists an achievable rate pair in one of the aforementioned achievable rate regions which are within 1/2 bits to the former pair. In comparison to a very recent result (Xie and Ulukus, ISIT 2013) on a GMAC-WT showing the requirement of interference alignment (IA) to achieve even the degrees of freedom performance, the result of this paper is surprising: our channel model is an interesting variation of the GMAC-WT for which IA is not necessary and Gaussian signalling is sufficient to achieve the entire capacity region within. 5 bits.