Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and operation of a program to obtain volunteer bone marrow donors unrelated to the patient

Because of recent increases in bone marrow transplantation, the lack of available matched sibling donors has become a problem. This study investigated the feasibility of obtaining volunteer bone marrow donors unrelated to the patient. A program was developed to inform potential donors and obtain their consent for listing in a bone marrow donor registry. Sixty‐six percent of whole blood or apheresis donors agreed to participate in the program. There were no demographic differences between those who accepted or declined to participate. Religion, experiences with medical practices, and the attitude of the potential donor's spouse were important factors in the decision to participate. A search for donors was initiated for 127 patients. Thirty searches were not completed, primarily because of patient‐related problems. A total of 713 HLA‐A and ‐B antigen‐identical donors was located for 63 of the 97 (65%) patients. A total of 40 HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR antigen‐identical donors was located for 18 of these 63 patients. Six of these 18 patients then had one or more donors (total, 9) whose lymphocytes did not react in mixed lymphocyte culture. Thus, using the file of 2147 donors, an HLA‐identical donor was located for 6 percent of the 97 patients. None of these patients has yet received a transplant; in four cases this was due to patient‐related and in two cases donor‐related reasons. The cost to establish the donor program averaged $33.46 (1984) per donor for donors already typed for HLA‐A and ‐B antigens. This experience indicated that, given thorough information about bone marrow donation and transplantation, a majority of blood and apheresis donors will volunteer to donate bone marrow, without feeling pressure to do so. A relatively small donor file provided donors for 6 percent of patients. The long‐term value of bone marrow transplantation using unrelated donors and the optimum size of the donor file remain to be established.
Parental Social Networks and Child Development

It has often been suggested - but not demonstrated - that parents' links with kin, neighbours, friends and formal organizations are likely to have many effects on children. In the present study independent interviews were held with 305 nine-to eleven-year-old children and their parents. Two aspects of parents' networks displayed strong effects: (a) the parental possession of regularly seen dependable friends ('friends you can call on in a crisis'), and (b) parents' affiliation with formal organizations. Both were associated with a range of effects. The parents' possession of dependable friends was related to the child's self-rated happiness, negative emotions, friendship network, school adjustment and social skills. Parents' formal group affiliations were related to the child's happiness, negative emotions, school adjustment and social skills. Over and beyond network variables, the socio-economic status of the neighbourhood also displayed an effect, primarily on children's social involvement with peers and friendship patterns. The results point to some particular mechanisms that may underlie network effects: e.g. parents providing models of friendship patterns or access routes to the community.
An investigation into the relationship between political activity levels and political market orientation

Purpose – The key objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between party member activity‐levels and perceptions of their party's political market orientation. Specifically, it aims to scrutinise the differences in the interplay of attitudinal and behavioural aspects of political market orientation.Design/methodology/approach – Using a wide variety of respondent groups within the party, the research draws on an existing conceptualisation of political market orientation and empirically test its relationship with party member activity levels. Three models, plus a baseline model, are developed and data from 1,156 questionnaires are used to investigate a structural equation model using the partial least square method.Findings – While the baseline model exhibits a robust pattern of positive relationships between the attitudinal and behavioural constructs, the comparative analysis of the different models shows that party activity levels have a significant impact on these relationships. The s.
Violations of Symmetry and Repetition in Visual Patterns

Observers were asked to detect small violations in otherwise left-right symmetric or repeated line patterns. The decision time for symmetric patterns tended to be shorter than for repeated patterns, confirming an intuitive impression that symmetry is a very easily extracted feature, even of otherwise random patterns. The importance of the pattern midline in determining the salience of symmetry was investigated by systematically controlling the position of the violations in the patterns. Small departures from symmetry near the midline were much easier to detect than the same violations in a repeated pattern, but there were no differences where the violation was at the edge of the pattern. The salience of symmetry seems to a considerable extent to depend upon the ease of comparing spatially-contiguous elements near the midline of the pattern. However, both symmetry and departures from it are easier to detect than repetition, even when the nature of the violation is random.
The Slave Family in Colonial 19th-Century Suriname

One of the most challenging and controversial issues in slave demography, both in the United States and in the Caribbean, is the subject of slave family life. Over the years, numerous studies have been published on this subject. In the early stages of the debate, major misunderstandings existed about the nature of the slave family. One was the tendency among some social scientists to regard the slave family exclusively as a mother-headed household (matrifocal), associated with the notions of male promiscuity and female/male instability. Consider how Frazier (1939), one of the most prominent defenders of this view puts it: &dquo;After emancipation the maternal-family organization, a heritage from slavery . continued on a fairly large scale. &dquo; Years later Frazier’s hypothesis
Hidden Drug Resistant HIV to Emerge in the Era of Universal Treatment Access in Southeast Asia

Background Universal access to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection is becoming more of a reality in most low and middle income countries in Asia. However, second-line therapies are relatively scarce. Methods and Findings We developed a mathematical model of an HIV epidemic in a Southeast Asian setting and used it to forecast the impact of treatment plans, without second-line options, on the potential degree of acquisition and transmission of drug resistant HIV strains. We show that after 10 years of universal treatment access, up to 20% of treatment-naïve individuals with HIV may have drug-resistant strains but it depends on the relative fitness of viral strains. Conclusions If viral load testing of people on ART is carried out on a yearly basis and virological failure leads to effective second-line therapy, then transmitted drug resistance could be reduced by 80%. Greater efforts are required for minimizing first-line failure, to detect virological failure earlier, and to procure access to second-line therapies.
How to integrate cooperative skills training into learning tasks: an illustration with young pupils' writing

This study explored how to integrate cooperative skills training into learning tasks in the area of writing. Cooperative learning sessions, aimed at developing both cooperative and cognitive skills, were created and conducted in two elementary school classes (Grade 2, age 7–8). Pupils’ teamwork interactions were videotaped and analysed. Results show that young pupils were able to work cooperatively on writing tasks (WT) without teacher's help, advocating realisable teaching practices. Interactive dynamics likely to enhance pupils’ involvement in constructive interactions and in WT are documented; this typology could be used as a heuristic tool in future qualitative research.
A Novel Multifrequency Current Reference Calculation to Mitigate Active Power Fluctuations

The rise of distributed power generation systems comes along with an energy storage systems increment. Moreover, the expensiveness of batteries and dc capacitors generate interest on extending their lifetime, directly related with dc current ripple. Unlike other multifrequency approaches, in this paper, the harmonic reference currents are calculated to reduce the low-frequency active power fluctuations, obtaining superior results in contrast with existing techniques and effectively alleviating associated harmful effects. As the harmonic currents are not set to zero in this system, an approach that minimizes current total harmonic distortion while eliminates the main harmonic fluctuations is developed, leading to an optimized performance in terms of power quality and power filtering. Finally, simulation and experimental results in unbalanced and distorted grid conditions prove the advantages of the proposed technique.
First-Grade Reading Instruction and Modality Preference

The Elementary School Journal Volume 80, Number 2 ? 1979 by The University of Chicago 001 3-598480/8002-0005$00.75 One goal of every first-grade teacher is to help children develop adequate reading skills. To prevent failure at the initial stages of reading, educators have varied methods, materials, and time of beginning instruction. Yet, whatever method has been tried, some children have learned to read, and others have failed. According to one point of view, children need to develop systematic wordrecognition skills during the early stages of reading. Two methods are popular for teaching word-recognition. In one method, children are taught to recognize words as wholes. In the other method, children are taught symbol-sound associations that allow students to sound out words. However, with both methods some children are learning to read, but others are failing. It appeared that it would be helpful to try to predict under which approach, whole-word or phonics, a particular child might succeed. Then, at the initial stages a child could be matched with the method
Chemical radioprotection: a critical review of amifostine as a cytoprotector in radiotherapy.

The use of chemical radioprotectors represents an obvious strategy to improve the therapeutic index in radiotherapy. Amofostine (WR-2721) has recently been approved for use in head and neck cancer to protect against radiation-induced xerostomia. Currently, the question has arisen whether amifostine could be used for radioprotection in broader terms. Amifostine may have the potential to enable intensified treatment by ameliorating mucosal reactions that are often a limiting factor in accelerated fractionation or concomitant chemoradiation. However, it has as yet not been clarified whether sufficient amifostine to reduce mucositis can be administered before each radiation fraction without causing unacceptable toxicity. Also, the optimal dosage and schedule of amifostine in chemoradiation combinations have not yet been established. The major concern related to radioprotectiors is the potential hazard of collateral tumor protection. A number of clinical studies have concluded that amifostine does not reduce antitumor efficacy. However, not even the largest study conducted, with over 300 patients, has sufficient statistical power to detect a clinically significant reduction in tumor control rate. To put this issue ultimately to a rest, a clinical trial with a sufficient accrual to definitely rule out a tumor protective effect of amifostine needs to be conducted. Substances reducing radiation-induced toxicity by modulating the biological response to radiation injury may represent an alternative concept in radioprotection. However, such agents are still at a developmental stage.
Remembering the Ghent Orphan Houses: A Never-Ending Contested Space

Our study of Ghent orphanages as a closed space initially led to a (re) construction of this educational site by contextualizing it in time and space. Through oral history research we found that the history of the Ghent orphan houses is still very much alive. Now, the former orphans control and manage the passing on and remembrance of their history. This paper provides an insight into this process by analyzing two sites—a Facebook group and the former orphan league—identifying the contestation that arises in their quest for the truth and recognition about their “mutual” past and the way(s) in which their histories should be remembered.
By Way of a Postscript

Emotions and affects have become a very fashionable topic among philosophers and people working in social sciences and the humanities and there is a growing literature on what has been called the ‘affective turn’. It designates a very heterogeneous body of works among which it is not easy to find ‘family resemblances’ since the theorists who are sometimes put under this umbrella come from a variety of approaches which are impossible to reconcile, disagreeing on the very meaning of the terms ‘affects’ and ‘emotions’, not to speak of their relation. Some of these theorists are influenced by Deleuze and Guattari, others by the neurosciences, and others still by a variety of constructivist schools. In order to avoid misunderstandings concerning my place in this constellation, I feel that some clarifications are needed about what I understand by ‘passions’ and how I see their role in politics.
Training to detect what? The biasing effects of training on veracity judgments

Research has failed to show that training to detect deception substantially increases accuracy. Instead, training yields a stronger tendency to make judgments of deceptiveness. Normally, training programmes place a strong emphasis on deception and deception cues. This may lead observers to engage in a biased information seeking process wherein only deception cues are searched for, and any suggestion that the person is being truthful is neglected. Two experiments were conducted in which participants made veracity judgments before and after being ostensibly trained to (a) detect deception (traditional training group or TRAD-GR), (b) detect truthfulness (alternative training group or ALT-GR) or (c) not being trained (control group or CONT-GR). Deception judgments increased for the TRAD-GR, but decreased for the ALT-GR, and did not change for the CONT-GR. Judgmental confidence significantly increased in both training groups, but not in the CONT-GR. These results indicate that traditional training programmes to detect deception bias the trainees' judgments towards deception. An emphasis on truthfulness cues could compensate for this tendency, as well as for the professionals' inclination to judge other people's statements as deceptive. However, the poor diagnostic value of deception cues makes it difficult to design good training programmes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matter over Mind?

Data collected from interviews with mothers and one mother-to-be characterized pregnancy as a time during which a woman has little jurisdiction over her body.Some respondents found this loss of control discomfiting and unpleasant, but others told of how much they had enjoyed their pregnancies for the same reason. On this basis, we suggest that pregnancy may represent a specific ‘body episode’ which belies the modern Western conviction that we have and possess our bodies and are able to mould them accordingly. Second, we propose that its physical transitions provided for some informants a disturbing testament to the fact that our influence over our bodies is in fact incomplete – that they are in many ways obdurate and ‘wayward’. Third, we suggest that the more positive descriptions of pregnancy could be attributed to the demands of the ‘body project’, the efforts that women especially invest in sculpting their bodies in culturally acceptable ways. Pregnancy therefore may represent for some women an opportunity to luxuriate in their materiality, because during this period they are unable to govern their bodies in the ways to which they are accustomed in more mundane physical circumstances.
Ezh2 Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory

Adult neurogenesis is thought to be crucial for preserving cognitive functions, which is tightly controlled by various epigenetic regulators. As the methyltransferase of histone H3K27, the role of Ezh2 in neurogenesis of adult mice and its mechanism of action are largely unknown. Here, we show that Ezh2 is expressed in actively dividing neural stem cells (NSCs)/progenitor cells as well as mature neurons, but not in quiescent NSCs in the subgranular zone. The deletion of Ezh2 in NSCs/progenitor cells results in a reduction in progenitor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that Ezh2 regulates progenitor cell proliferation by suppressing Pten expression and promoting the activation of Akt-mTOR. Moreover, the loss of Ezh2 in progenitor cells leads to a decrease in the number of neurons, which was observed by long-term tracing. Strikingly, conditional knockout of Ezh2 ultimately results in impairments in spatial learning and memory, contextual fear memory, and pattern separation. Our findings demonstrate the essential role of Ezh2 in the proliferation of progenitor cells, thus providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis in preserving cognitive functions.
Gender and age differences in relation to the recommendations of physical activity among Norwegian children and youth

The Norwegian physical activity recommendations for children and youth state that there should be a minimum of 60 min of physical activity of at least moderate intensity every day. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the level of physical activity in a representative cohort of urban children and youth in Norway with regard to these recommendations. Four hundred and ten 9‐year‐old and 350 15‐year‐old boys and girls from the Oslo region participated. Physical activity was registered for 4 consecutive days using the Computer Science and Application activity monitor. The results showed that 86.2% of the 9‐year‐olds and 55.4% of the 15‐year‐olds met the recommendations. Furthermore, the activity level was significantly (P< 0.0001) higher among boys than girls of both age groups and significantly (P<0.001) lower in the oldest cohort than in the youngest one. All participants were less active during the weekend than during the weekdays (P< 0.05). In conclusion, a number of urban children and youth do not fulfill the Norwegian physical activity recommendations, especially among the 15‐year‐olds. It is therefore important to provide action towards those children and youth who are least physically active and simultaneously prevent the general decline in physical activity.
Chapter 2 Airway Assessment : A Critical Appraisal

The ability to predict the difficult airway to preempt difficult intubation would decrease the most common damages seen in the administration of anaesthesia. Many tests have been put forth over the years, some necessitating detailed quantitative measurements like the sternomental distance, thyromental distance and inter-incisor gap but others like the upper lip bite test is of a qualitative nature which makes it easier to use and is more precise. The setback in most tests has been their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value to allow accurate prediction of the possibility of difficult intubation. Combination of the tests has not improved the various attributes to improve accuracy. The most important impediment to the continued search of a comprehensive test is the low occurrence of the difficult airway. There may be a combination of complex factors interacting in an incomprehensible manner to make the process of intubation difficult.
History teaching, conflict and the legacy of the past

The article examines the utility of enquiry based, multi-perspective history teaching in divided societies and those emerging from conflict. Using findings from Northern Ireland as an example, it concludes that, while empirical research is required in a range of conflict settings, an enquiry approach, placing an emphasis on the examination of evidence and the study of multiple perspectives, can have a positive impact on young people’s thinking. However, for history teaching to contribute fully to the reconciliatory process it must engage critically with the legacies of the more recent past. The article draws on the distinction between what Minow calls ‘psychological’ truth, associated with ‘truth-telling’ in the immediate aftermath of conflict, and historical truth. It suggests that by engaging with storytelling history teaching may have the capacity to encourage young people to ‘care’ for those from different backgrounds who have been victimized by conflict; and also to examine such stories critically and thereby acquire a more complex understanding of the events of the recent past.
Comparison of effectiveness of silicone gel sheeting with microporous paper tape in the prevention of hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit model.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of treating scars with microporous paper tape or silicone gel sheeting (SGS) in preventing hypertrophic scarring. METHODS Forty hypertrophic scars were induced in a validated rabbit ear model. Wounds were randomized and bandaged for 30 days with either SGS (20 wounds), paper tape (20 wounds), or untreated controls (40 wounds). Two outcome measures of hypertrophic scarring included (1) histologic measurement of scar elevation index (SEI) and (2) blinded photograph analysis using a visual analog scale. RESULTS In histologic comparison, no difference in mean (SE) SEI between treatment groups was seen (paper tape group, 1.32 [0.2]; SGS group, 1.41 [0.18]; control, 1.35 [0.23]; P = .51). In photographic analysis, both treatment groups were superior to the control group (P < .01), whereas no difference was seen between the SGS and paper tape groups (P = .88). CONCLUSIONS Paper tape and SGS demonstrated equal effectiveness in the prevention of hypertrophic scarring on visual analysis, whereas histologic analysis demonstrated no difference in treatment groups from controls. The effectiveness of paper tape in preventing hypertrophic scarring in humans will require further laboratory and clinical investigation.
A General Framework for Building Dynamic Macro Social Indicator Models: Including an Analysis of Changes in Crime Rates and Police Expenditures

It is generally agreed that social indicators are measures of social conditions. Accordinlgy, recent interest in measuring social conditions and in building models of how various social forces determine changes in social conditions was predated by work of William F. Ogburn and his collaborators over 50 years ago. In this paper, we argue for a revival of analyses of social change based upon time series of indices of social conditions. To provide a general paradigm for this type of analysis, we describe (1) an opportunity-structures theoretical framework for generating specifications of equations of dynamic macro social indicator models, (2) a demographic accounting framework for grounding such equations in population stocks and flows, and (3) a structural equation strategy for estimating and evaluating the resulting models. To illustrate this paradigm, we present analyses of three equation determining changes in the national reported property crime rate, the reported violent crime rate, and the rate of public police expenditures. The equations fit annual 1947-72 time-series data well, yield theoretically meaningful coefficients, and lack demonstrable autocorrelation of disturbances. Moreover, the conditional forecasts of the 1973 values of the reported crime rates fall well within bounds set by the standard errors of the equations.