Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Escitalopram in the acute treatment of depressed patients aged 60 years or older.

OBJECTIVE The present study examined the efficacy and tolerability of acute escitalopram treatment in depressed patients aged 60 years or older. METHODS Patients aged > or =60 years with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition major depressive disorder were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind, flexible-dose treatment with escitalopram (10-20 mg/day; N = 130) or placebo (N = 134). The prospectively defined primary efficacy end point was change from baseline to week 12 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score using the last observation carried forward approach. RESULTS A total of 109 (81%) patients in the placebo group and 96 (74%) patients in the escitalopram group completed treatment. Mean age in both groups was approximately 68 years. Mean baseline MADRS scores were 28.4 and 29.4 for the placebo and escitalopram treatment groups, respectively. Escitalopram did not achieve statistical significance compared with placebo in change from baseline on the MADRS (least square mean difference: -1.34; last observation carried forward). Discontinuation rates resulting from adverse events were 6% for placebo and 11% for escitalopram. Treatment-emergent adverse events reported by >10% of patients in the escitalopram group were headache, nausea, diarrhea, and dry mouth. CONCLUSIONS Escitalopram treatment was not significantly different from placebo treatment on the primary efficacy measure, change from baseline to week 12 in MADRS. In patients aged 60 years or older with major depression, acute escitalopram treatment appeared to be well tolerated.
Is urodynamic study is a necessity for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in postmenopausal female patients? Result of a prospective observational study

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in postmenopausal female patients (PMFP) and correlate their symptoms with their urodynamic study (UDS) findings. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study analyzing the clinical and UDS findings of PMFP presenting with LUTS. A detailed history including history of diabetes, neurological disease, drug history, and pelvic surgeries was taken, followed by physical examination and urodynamic assessment. Results: A total of 100 patients were classified according to their predominant symptoms into three categories: (1) voiding dysfunction (45 patients), (2) storage symptoms (30 patients), and (3) urinary incontinence (25 patients). The patients with voiding LUTS could be categorized urodynamically into three grades of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO): (a) early (37.8%) (maximal flow [Qmax] >15 mL/s and detrusor pressure at maximal flow [PdetQmax] >30 cm of water), (b) compensated (31.1%) (Qmax <15 mL/s and PdetQmax >30 cm of water), and (c) late (31.1%) (Qmax <15 mL/s and PdetQmax <30 cm of water). The patients with storage symptoms could be categorized into two with either the presence of demonstrable idiopathic detrusor contractions (53.3%) or not (46.7%). The patients with incontinence were of three types: (a) stress incontinence (44%), (b) urge incontinence (28%), and (c) mixed incontinence (28%). UDS showed no demonstrable leak in nine patients (36%) and the rest had UDS findings corroborative to their symptoms. Conclusions: Thus, the major LUTS in PMFP were BOO, storage symptoms, and incontinence. Proper evaluation of LUTS necessitates UDS and along with good physical examination can help us in reaching a correct diagnosis and plan respective treatment.
Separate compilation for Standard ML

Languages that support abstraction and modular structure, such as Standard ML, Modula, Ada, and (more or less) C++, may have deeply nested dependency hierarchies among source files. In ML the problem is particularly severe because ML's powerful parameterized module (functor) facility entails dependencies among implementation modules, not just among interfaces. To efficiently compile individual modules in such languages, it is useful (in ML, necessary) to infer, digest, and cache the static environment resulting from the compilation of each module. Our system provides a simple model of compilation and linkage that supports incremental recompilation (a restricted form of separate compilation) with type-safe linkage. This model is made available to user programs in the form of a set of internal compiler modules, a feature that we call the “visible compiler”. The chief client of this interface is the IRM incremental recompilation manager from CMU.
An Advanced Coarse-Grained Nucleosome Core Particle Model for Computer Simulations of Nucleosome-Nucleosome Interactions under Varying Ionic Conditions

In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, DNA exists as chromatin, a compact but dynamic complex with histone proteins. The first level of DNA organization is the linear array of nucleosome core particles (NCPs). The NCP is a well-defined complex of 147 bp DNA with an octamer of histones. Interactions between NCPs are of paramount importance for higher levels of chromatin compaction. The polyelectrolyte nature of the NCP implies that nucleosome-nucleosome interactions must exhibit a great influence from both the ionic environment as well as the positively charged and highly flexible N-terminal histone tails, protruding out from the NCP. The large size of the system precludes a modelling analysis of chromatin at an all-atom level and calls for coarse-grained approximations. Here, a model of the NCP that include the globular histone core and the flexible histone tails described by one particle per each amino acid and taking into account their net charge is proposed. DNA wrapped around the histone core was approximated at the level of two base pairs represented by one bead (bases and sugar) plus four beads of charged phosphate groups. Computer simulations, using a Langevin thermostat, in a dielectric continuum with explicit monovalent (K+), divalent (Mg2+) or trivalent (Co(NH3)6 3+) cations were performed for systems with one or ten NCPs. Increase of the counterion charge results in a switch from repulsive NCP-NCP interaction in the presence of K+, to partial aggregation with Mg2+ and to strong mutual attraction of all 10 NCPs in the presence of CoHex3+. The new model reproduced experimental results and the structure of the NCP-NCP contacts is in agreement with available data. Cation screening, ion-ion correlations and tail bridging contribute to the NCP-NCP attraction and the new NCP model accounts for these interactions.
An Encoder-Decoder Model for ICD-10 Coding of Death Certificates

Information extraction from textual documents such as hospital records and healthrelated user discussions has become a topic of intense interest. The task of medical concept coding is to map a variable length text to medical concepts and corresponding classification codes in some external system or ontology. In this work, we utilize recurrent neural networks to automatically assign ICD-10 codes to fragments of death certificates written in English. We develop end-to-end neural architectures directly tailored to the task, including basic encoder-decoder architecture for statistical translation. In order to incorporate prior knowledge, we concatenate cosine similarities vector among the text and dictionary entry to the encoded state. Being applied to a standard benchmark from CLEF eHealth 2017 challenge, our model achieved F-measure of 85.01% on a full test set with significant improvement as compared to the average score of 62.2% for all official participants approaches.
Dietary intake and use of dietary supplements in relation to demographic variables among pregnant Finnish women

Proper nutrition during pregnancy may be important for maternal health and fetal growth and development. In Finland, targeted recommendations are given to guide pregnant women in their food choice and dietary supplement use so that they may obtain adequate nutritional status and meet the increased need for nutrients. The aims of the present study were to examine food choices, nutrient intake and dietary supplement use of pregnant Finnish women in association with demographic variables. One thousand and seventy-five families were invited to a birth cohort study during 1998–9. Mothers of 797 newborns completed a validated 181-item food-frequency questionnaire from which the food and nutrient intakes were calculated. The information about supplement use was collected concerning the whole pregnancy. The results of the present study suggest that healthy food choices are rather common among pregnant Finnish women and the choices are positively correlated with age and education. Nutrient supplements were used by 85 % of the women. Supplements were favoured by the older and well-educated women and by those who had normal weight before pregnancy. Of the women in the present study, 31 % received vitamin A-containing supplements, although it is not recommended during pregnancy. Taking food and supplementation into account, the intake of vitamin D did not meet the dietary recommendation and folic acid intake was below recommendation in 44 % of the women. Therefore there seemed to be unnecessary nutrient supplementation and at the same time lack of relevant supplementation among these pregnant women.
ERK2-Dependent Activation of c-Jun Is Required for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced CXCL2 Upregulation in Inner Ear Fibrocytes

The inner ear, composed of the cochlea and the vestibule, is a specialized sensory organ for hearing and balance. Although the inner ear has been known as an immune-privileged organ, there is emerging evidence indicating an active immune reaction of the inner ear. Inner ear inflammation can be induced by the entry of proinflammatory molecules derived from middle ear infection. Because middle ear infection is highly prevalent in children, middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation can impact the normal development of language and motor coordination. Previously, we have demonstrated that the inner ear fibrocytes (spiral ligament fibrocytes) are able to recognize nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, a major pathogen of middle ear infection, and upregulate a monocyte-attracting chemokine through TLR2-dependent NF-κB activation. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism involved in nontypeable H. influenzae-induced cochlear infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The rat spiral ligament fibrocytes were found to release CXCL2 in response to nontypeable H. influenzae via activation of c-Jun, leading to the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells to the cochlea. We also demonstrate that MEK1/ERK2 signaling pathway is required for nontypeable H. influenzae-induced CXCL2 upregulation in the rat spiral ligament fibrocytes. Two AP-1 motifs in the 5′-flanking region of CXCL2 appeared to function as a nontypeable H. influenzae-responsive element, and the proximal AP-1 motif was found to have a higher binding affinity to nontypeable H. influenzae-activated c-Jun than that of the distal one. Our results will enable us better to understand the molecular pathogenesis of middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation.
Local Coding Based Matching Kernel Method for Image Classification

This paper mainly focuses on how to effectively and efficiently measure visual similarity for local feature based representation. Among existing methods, metrics based on Bag of Visual Word (BoV) techniques are efficient and conceptually simple, at the expense of effectiveness. By contrast, kernel based metrics are more effective, but at the cost of greater computational complexity and increased storage requirements. We show that a unified visual matching framework can be developed to encompass both BoV and kernel based metrics, in which local kernel plays an important role between feature pairs or between features and their reconstruction. Generally, local kernels are defined using Euclidean distance or its derivatives, based either explicitly or implicitly on an assumption of Gaussian noise. However, local features such as SIFT and HoG often follow a heavy-tailed distribution which tends to undermine the motivation behind Euclidean metrics. Motivated by recent advances in feature coding techniques, a novel efficient local coding based matching kernel (LCMK) method is proposed. This exploits the manifold structures in Hilbert space derived from local kernels. The proposed method combines advantages of both BoV and kernel based metrics, and achieves a linear computational complexity. This enables efficient and scalable visual matching to be performed on large scale image sets. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed LCMK method, we conduct extensive experiments with widely used benchmark datasets, including 15-Scenes, Caltech101/256, PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2011 datasets. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the relatively efficient LCMK method.
A Balancing Act? Aligning Product Innovation and Production Efficiency through Eco-strategies

With an undifferentiated catchword ? eco-innovation? is a largely understudied area, but of high relevance to the society and companies given the strong focus especially by governments on grand challenges like climate change, green technologies and environmental challenges. The paper utilizes the 2009 European Manufacturing Survey for the Danish sub-sample including 335 manufacturing firms. Through factor analysis, the paper confirms three main focus areas of new product development in relation to production facilities: efficiency considerations, market attention and greening of innovation. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that while market attention is important for new product development, green aspects of innovation and efficiency considerations for innovation are important for the energy efficiency of the production companies. Combining these models highlights that energy efficiency moderates the effect of market attention on new product development. The paper therefore concludes that product innovation and energy efficiency is a balancing act, focusing on one will
Differential cross sections for the reactions γp→pη and γp→pη'

High-statistics differential cross sections for the reactions gamma p -> p eta and gamma p -> p eta-prime have been measured using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies from near threshold up to 2.84 GeV. The eta-prime results are the most precise to date and provide the largest energy and angular coverage. The eta measurements extend the energy range of the world's large-angle results by approximately 300 MeV. These new data, in particular the eta-prime measurements, are likely to help constrain the analyses being performed to search for new baryon resonance states.
Anticoagulant or aspirin treatment does not affect the positive predictive value of an immunological fecal occult blood test in patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening: results from a nested in a cohort case–control study

Background and aim The immunochemical fecal occult blood test (i-FOBT) is widely used as a recommended screening strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC). A growing number of patients potentially targeted by CRC screening programs are on oral anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy, mainly for primary or secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis. This study aims at evaluating whether the use of these medications may impact on the diagnostic performances of i-FOBT for CRC screening. Methods All i-FOBT-positive patients on anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy recorded in a regional mass screening program database were enrolled as cases. Control groups were derived from the same database and included drug-naive i-FOBT-positive patients, matched in a ratio of 1 : 2 for age (±3 years of age), sex, date of colonoscopy, and practice site. Information about the use of medications was collected by cross-checking patients' interview before colonoscopy and data recorded in the provincial electronic registry of medical prescriptions. The positive predictive value of i-FOBT for significant neoplasia (high-risk adenoma and CRC) was calculated in the case and control groups. Results In a 2-year study period, 2376 patients were recorded in the regional database. Of these patients, 53 (2%) were on anticoagulation (control group of 106 patients) and 172 (6.6%) were on chronic low-dose aspirin treatment (control group of 344 patients). Significant neoplasia was detected in 15 (28.3%) patients on anticoagulants and in 37 (34.9%) corresponding controls (P=0.45). Significant neoplasia was detected in 50 (29.1%) patients on chronic low-dose aspirin and in 107 (31.1%) corresponding controls (P=0.64). Conclusion The positive predictive value of i-FOBT for significant neoplasia is not affected by ongoing anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy. This finding suggests that there is no need to interrupt these treatments before i-FOBT for CRC screening.
Right Reason in the Integration of Group and Single-Subject Research in Behavioral Disorders

In this discussion of quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), past criticisms of meta-analysis are reviewed along with the ways in which they have been addressed. The problems associated with synthesizing single-subject research are discussed, particularly the difficulties in obtaining a metric equivalent to the effect size calculated for group-design research. After analyzing recommended approaches, the authors endorse the percentage-of-nonoverlapping-data metric. Their earlier single-subject synthesis showing limited efficacy for social skills instruction is then reviewed. The findings are discussed in relation to the nature of single-subject research, the proper role of research integration, and the influence of subjectivity in interpreting research findings. Finally, possible reasons for disappointing findings regarding the effectiveness of social skills instruction are explored. The authors conclude that, until expressed concerns are remedied, it is neither incorrect nor illogical to question the efficacy of social skills instruction.
The secular quest for meaning in life : Denton papers in implicit religion

Foreword by Ninian Smart i Preface iii Acknowledgements v Introduction The Notion of Implicit Religion: what it means, and does not mean Edward Bailey, Visiting Professor in Implicit Religion, Middlesex University 1 Part I The Conceptual Position of Implicit Religion 1 The Secular Practice as Implicit Religion Martin Goodridge, School of Business & Social Studies, Bradford 15 2 The Metaphysics of Secular Institutions Peter McCaffery, Department of Sociology, University of Aberdeen 35 3 The Sacred as Surrogate: notes on implicit a-religion N J Demerath III, Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts 55 Commentary 67 4 Ethnic Jokes: implicit religious values and implicit religious identity Christie Davies, Department of Sociology, University of Reading 71 5 Diffused Religion: theory and practice Roberto Cipriani, Department of Sociology, University of Rome 87 6 Charisma Today Meerten ter Borg, Department of Theology, University of Leiden 105 Commentary 119 7 The Experience of Transcendence in Contemporary Culture Alistair Kee, Department of Religious Studies, University of Glasgow 121 8 Epiphany and Apocalypse in the Post Modern David Lyon, Department of Sociology, Queen's University, Kingston 137 9 On the Possibility of Naturalistic Religions Vasilios N Makrides, Department of Education, University of Thessaly 149 Commentary 175 10 The Centrality of the Concept of Implicit Religion for Religious Studies John Badertscher, University of Winnipeg 177 11 The Priority of the Holy: some remarks on the distinction between the sacred and the holy Wilhelm Dupre, University of Nijmegen 201 12 Implicit Religion: ineffability Paul Heelas, Department of Religious Studies, Lancaster University 215 Commentary 233 Part II Some Empirical Applications of the Concept of Implicit Religion 13 Implicit Religion: the hospice experience Derek Murray, St Colomba's Hospice, Edinburgh 237 14 Lapidary Texts: Europe's War Memorials - a liturgy for heroes Jon Davies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne 251 15 Religion in the Capital City Area of Finland Tapio Lampinen, Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki 259 16 Anti-Satanism as a Social Movement William H Swatos Jr, Association for Sociology of Religion, Florida 269 Commentary 291
İlköğretim 5. ve 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Işık ve Işığın Hızı ile İlgili Yanlış Kavramları ve Bu Kavramları Oluşturma Şekilleri

The purpose of this study is to detect the misconceptions concerning the nature and the speed of light. The study also aims to determine the degree of the effect of student\'s daily lives to the development of such misconceptions. A conceptual test containing open ended questions was prepared and it was applied to the 5 or 6 year primary school students. The results revealed that the students have some misconceptions about the basic concepts of light and they developed these misconceptions under the influence of these daily experiences.
The influence of trial order on learning from reward vs. punishment in a probabilistic categorization task: experimental and computational analyses

Previous research has shown that trial ordering affects cognitive performance, but this has not been tested using category-learning tasks that differentiate learning from reward and punishment. Here, we tested two groups of healthy young adults using a probabilistic category learning task of reward and punishment in which there are two types of trials (reward, punishment) and three possible outcomes: (1) positive feedback for correct responses in reward trials; (2) negative feedback for incorrect responses in punishment trials; and (3) no feedback for incorrect answers in reward trials and correct answers in punishment trials. Hence, trials without feedback are ambiguous, and may represent either successful avoidance of punishment or failure to obtain reward. In Experiment 1, the first group of subjects received an intermixed task in which reward and punishment trials were presented in the same block, as a standard baseline task. In Experiment 2, a second group completed the separated task, in which reward and punishment trials were presented in separate blocks. Additionally, in order to understand the mechanisms underlying performance in the experimental conditions, we fit individual data using a Q-learning model. Results from Experiment 1 show that subjects who completed the intermixed task paradoxically valued the no-feedback outcome as a reinforcer when it occurred on reinforcement-based trials, and as a punisher when it occurred on punishment-based trials. This is supported by patterns of empirical responding, where subjects showed more win-stay behavior following an explicit reward than following an omission of punishment, and more lose-shift behavior following an explicit punisher than following an omission of reward. In Experiment 2, results showed similar performance whether subjects received reward-based or punishment-based trials first. However, when the Q-learning model was applied to these data, there were differences between subjects in the reward-first and punishment-first conditions on the relative weighting of neutral feedback. Specifically, early training on reward-based trials led to omission of reward being treated as similar to punishment, but prior training on punishment-based trials led to omission of reward being treated more neutrally. This suggests that early training on one type of trials, specifically reward-based trials, can create a bias in how neutral feedback is processed, relative to those receiving early punishment-based training or training that mixes positive and negative outcomes.