Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-Clustering for Multitask Learning

This paper presents a new multitask learning framework that learns a shared representation among the tasks, incorporating both task and feature clusters. The jointly-induced clusters yield a shared latent subspace where task relationships are learned more effectively and more generally than in state-of-the-art multitask learning methods. The proposed general framework enables the derivation of more specific or restricted state-of-the-art multitask methods. The paper also proposes a highly-scalable multitask learning algorithm, based on the new framework, using conjugate gradient descent and generalized \textit{Sylvester equations}. Experimental results on synthetic and benchmark datasets show that the proposed method systematically outperforms several state-of-the-art multitask learning methods.
The Altruism Framework, Bystander Effect and A-Rules: A New Perspective

This paper reviews the Bystander Effect, and its componential phenomena, namely, Diffusion of Responsibility, Pluralistic Ignorance, Deindividuation, Self-Categorization Theory, Group Size, Group Cohesiveness, Self-Efficacy, Ringelmann Effect, Social Exchange Theory, and Altruism. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to, propose a hypothetical framework, called “The Altruism Framework” that maps the decision-making process leading up to not only the Bystander Effect but other related phenomena such as the Martyrdom Effect and various forms of Altruism bringing everything together into one Helping Behavior Framework. An additional concept of A-rules, is also introduced to further consolidate the framework.
The Effects of Temperature on the Development of the Moth Athetis lepigone, and a Prediction of Field Occurrence

Abstract Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important insect pest of corn crops in China. To determine the effect of temperature on A. lepigone growth, and to provide a forecasting model for this pest, the development and fecundity of A. lepigone under five different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27, 30° C) was investigated, and an experimental population life table was constructed based on the obtained results. The results showed that the duration of development of A. lepigone decreased as the temperature increased from 18 to 30° C. Approximately 95% of mature larvae stopped pupating at 18° C, and about 70% of mature larvae stopped pupating at 21° C. When the growth chamber temperature was above 24° C, no growth arrest was observed. The results indicated that the optimum growth temperature of A. lepigone was about 26.47° C. In this study, the highest survival rate, fecundity per female, and population index trend were observed when the temperature was set at 27° C. The percentages of larvae that could spin cocoons after the 5th or 6th instar differed at the different temperatures. The developmental threshold temperatures for A. lepigone eggs, larvae, pre-pupae, pupae, preoviposition females, and the whole generation (i.e., egg to oviposition) were 11.03, 9.04, 15.08, 11.79, 11.63, and 10.84° C, respectively, and their effective accumulative temperatures were 63.51, 339.42, 30.04, 118.41, 35.06 and 574.08 degree-days, respectively. Based on the effective accumulative temperature law, this pest insect can have four generations in most of the Huang-Huai region of China, and two to three generations annually in some cold regions. Athetis lepigone may have four generations in the mid-southern part of Hebei Province. This prediction matches the field survey results.
Students’ Collaborative Learning Attitudes and Their Satisfaction with Online Collaborative Case-Based Courses

ABSTRACT Case-based learning is an interactive group learning approach that embodies the principles of Socratic inquiry. It is a common pedagogy used in many disciplines including business, law, and health. With online learning being the fastest growing segment of higher education, case-based learning is also finding its way into online courses. This research was conducted on a population of 698 students enrolled in online case-based courses. The use of Structural Equation Modelling provided an understanding of the factors that influence student satisfaction. Through Logistics Regression, the extent to which these factors do influence satisfaction was determined. The findings indicate that the greatest predictors of student satisfaction were the interaction and understanding between the students and the instructor. Furthermore, a student’s pre-existing attitude toward interactive group learning is also a significant factor in predicting student satisfaction. The conclusions point to a lack of understanding by students on how to engage in effective interactive online group learning. The recommendation is that training in online collaborative skills be considered as a front-end to any online case-based course.
Further Study of the Sensing Ring Position on the Orifice-Type Capacitive Flow Sensor

The flow head of an orifice-type capacitive flow sensor for a conducting liquid consists of a vertically mounted metallic orifice plate in a horizontal pipeline made of insulating material and a rigidly grounded metallic ring or sensing ring placed surrounding the pipeline at a small distance from the orifice plate where the capacitance between the orifice plate and the sensing ring follows a linear relationship with flow rate as reported in the literature. In this paper, a further study on the effect of position of the sensing ring on the sensor capacitance has been carried out along with the modification of the simple parallel plate capacitance principle described in the earlier work by the real disk-type capacitance principle. From this paper, it has been observed that for any position of the sensing ring near the orifice plate, the sensor capacitance decreases linearly with the increase of flow rate and follows the modified capacitance principle similarly as that observed in earlier work. It has also been observed that the sensing ring distance-sensor capacitance product increases almost linearly with the increase of sensing ring distance. From the experimental study of the proposed orifice type capacitive flow sensors installed on two different pipelines, the said modified theory of the sensor appears to be verified in the present paper where the experimental results are reported.
Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost

We propose a systematic approach to reduce the memory consumption of deep neural network training. Specifically, we design an algorithm that costs O( √ n) memory to train a n layer network, with only the computational cost of an extra forward pass per mini-batch. As many of the state-of-the-art models hit the upper bound of the GPU memory, our algorithm allows deeper and more complex models to be explored, and helps advance the innovations in deep learning research. We focus on reducing the memory cost to store the intermediate feature maps and gradients during training. Computation graph analysis is used for automatic in-place operation and memory sharing optimizations. We show that it is possible to trade computation for memory giving a more memory efficient training algorithm with a little extra computation cost. In the extreme case, our analysis also shows that the memory consumption can be reduced to O(logn) with as little as O(n logn) extra cost for forward computation. Our experiments show that we can reduce the memory cost of a 1,000-layer deep residual network from 48G to 7G on ImageNet problems. Similarly, significant memory cost reduction is observed in training complex recurrent neural networks on very long sequences.
Clinical Relevance of Pretransplant HLA Class II Donor-specific Antibodies in Renal Transplantation Patients with Negative T-cell Cytotoxicity Crossmatches

Background We evaluated the clinical relevance of pretransplant donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in renal transplantation patients who had negative T-cell cytotoxicity crossmatches. Methods From 328 consecutive renal transplant recipients, we selected 28 patients who had positive pretransplant (historical or at the time of transplantation) flow cytometry crossmatches, but negative T-cell cytotoxicity crossmatches at the time of transplantation. The presence of DSA and its level at the time of transplantation were retrospectively tested using Luminex single antigen assays. Results DSA was present in 16 (57.1%) of 28 patients. Biopsy-proven acute rejection (9 patients) occurred more frequently in patients with DSA than in those without DSA (56.3% vs. 0.0%; P=0.003). The positivity rate of class II DSA was significantly higher in patients with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) than in those without AMR (100% vs. 21.7%; P=0.003). However, the positivity rate of class I DSA was not different between the two groups (40% vs. 40.9%). Among patients with class II DSA, those with AMR tended to have higher antibody levels (median fluorescence intensity, MFI) than those without AMR (16,359 vs. 5,910; P=0.056). A cut-off MFI value of 4,487 for class II DSA predicted the occurrence of AMR with good sensitivity and specificity (100% and 87.0%). Conclusions In patients with negative T-cell cytotoxicity crossmatches, the presence of class II DSA and its level at the time of transplantation were associated with the occurrence of AMR. Pretransplant DSA measurement with Luminex single antigen assay would be useful in renal transplantation.
Errors in survey reports of consumption expenditures

This paper considers data quality issues to analyze the pattern of consumption inequality in the 1990s exploiting two complementary datasets from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey. The Interview sample follows survey households over four calendar quarters and consists of retrospectively asked information about monthly expenditures on durable and non-durable goods. The Diary sample interviews household for two consecutive weeks, and it includes detailed information about frequently purchased items (food, personal cares and household supplies). Each survey has its own questionnaire and sample. We exploit information from one sample as an instrument for the other to derive a correction for the measurement error affecting observed measures of consumption. We produce some evidence of non-classical measurement error affecting the aggregate measure of consumption both for diary and recall based data; we also show the implications of our findings to test for the Permanent income hypothesis.
Internet Car Retailing

We investigate the effect of Internet car referral services on dealer pricing of automobiles in California. Customers of an online service pay on average 2% less for their car ($450 for the average car). 25% of the savings come from purchasing at low-price dealerships affiliated with the online service. The remaining 75% stem from information provision by the online service, bargaining by the service on behalf of consumers, and cost efficiencies. A consumer receiving the mean online price does better than 65% of offline consumers, conditional on the car being purchased. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
TORUS ACTIONS AND COMBINATORICS OF POLYTOPES

An n-dimensional polytope P n is called simple if exactly n codimension-one faces meet at each vertex. The lattice of faces of a sim- ple polytope P n with m codimension-one faces defines an arrangement of even-dimensional planes in R 2m . We construct a free action of the group R m n on the complement of this arrangement. The corresponding quotient is a smooth manifold ZP invested with a canonical action of the compact torus T m with the orbit space P n . For each smooth projective toric variety M 2n defined by a simple polytope P n with the given lattice of faces there exists a subgroup T m nT m acting freely on ZP such that ZP /T m n = M 2n . We calculate the cohomology ring of ZP and show that it is isomorphic to the cohomology ring of the face ring of P n regarded as a module over the polynomial ring. In this way the cohomology of ZP acquires a bigraded al- gebra structure, and the additional grading allows to catch the combinatorial invariants of the polytope. At the same time this gives an example of explicit calculation of the cohomology ring for the complement of an arrangement of planes, which is of independent interest.
Microwave Assisted Rapid and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Pigment Produced by Streptomyces coelicolor klmp33

Traditional synthesis of silver nanoparticles using chemical methods produces toxic substances. In contrast biological synthesis is regarded as a safe and nontoxic process but the major drawback of biological synthesis is, this process is slow. In the present investigation, we developed a rapid and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles employing a pigment produced by Streptomyces coelicolor klmp33 in just 90 s. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biobased synthesis developed in this method is a safe, rapid, and appropriate way for bulky synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of early diabetic nephropathy

Over the past 40 years, a number of seemingly unrelated mechanisms have been implicated in the early stages of glucose-mediated damage responsible for diabetic complications. Starting in 2000, a series of publications showed that each of these mechanisms reflects a single hyperglycemia-induced process: overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This discovery created a paradigm shift in the field1,2. In the kidney, hyperglycemia causes increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both glomerular mesangial cells and proximal tubular cells. The central pathogenic role of hyperglycemia-induced superoxide in initating diabetic glomerular injury is directly supported by the observation that overexpression of superoxide dismutase as a transgene protects 8-month-old diabetic mice from developing increased fractional mesangial volume, increased glomerular transforming growth factor-β, increased collagen IV and increased plasma creatinine3. Transgenic expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) similarly prevents diabetic retinopathy and cardiomyopathy. This paradigm has been challenged in a recent paper by Dugan et al.4, who claim that in the diabetic kidney, ROS are decreased rather than increased. The authors also report that adenine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) protein level and mitochondrial density are decreased in the diabetic kidney, and suggest that these reflect a feed-forward cycle of decreased AMPK activity, decreased PGC1α, and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, initiated and maintained by decreased mitochondrial ROS production.
The representation of the generalized linear Euler sums with parameters

ABSTRACT In this paper, by using residue method, we obtain the representations of some basic linear generalized Euler sums with parameters. Based on the linear generalized Euler sums with parameters, some new Euler sums are obtained and expressed in the closed forms. When the parameters of new Euler sums take special values, we can get some usual expressions of Euler sums. Moreover, the integrals of many special functions can be expressed as the Euler sums given in this paper.
The incidence of eating disorders among upper secondary school female students.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders in the population of Polish upper secondary school female students, while considering the type of school and living conditions. METHODS The investigations of eating disorders were conducted between March and June 2017 and covered female students of the upper secondary schools of Szczecin. Selection for the survey was multistep. 1,750 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The study used a tool for screening for the occurrence of eating disorders - the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). RESULTS Lower scores were observed among higher grade students (EAT-26, EAT dieting) as well as those who did not receive pocket money (EAT dieting, EAT bulimia) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS (1) Age has proved to be an important prognostic factor for eating disorders. The risk decreased as the age of the examined girls increased. (2) The risk of eating disorders was almost 21 times higher among first and second grade girls.
Microbial degradation of peptidoglycan in seawater

A constituent of the bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan, has been suggested to be a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter, but little is known about its turnover. We measured hydrolysis and remineralization rates of peptidoglycan in surface waters by using radiolabeled peptidoglycan that was extracted from a Gram‐negative bacterium. Polysaccharide (N‐acetyl‐glucosamine and N‐acetyl‐muramic acids) and peptide (D‐glutamate) components of peptidoglycan were specifically radiolabeled. Purity of the preparations and specificity of labeling were ascertained by high‐performance liquid chromatography. First‐order kinetic constants of peptidoglycan remineralization were 2–21 times lower than those of proteins. The turnover time of peptidoglycan was estimated to be 10–167 d, indicating its semilabile nature. The two main components of peptidoglycan are degraded differently; the remineralization rate of the peptide component was three times greater than that of the polysaccharide moiety. Chemically modified, low‐molecular‐weight material was produced during the degradation of the polysaccharide component, but not during degradation of protein. These results indicate that peptidoglycan is less degradable than proteins in marine environments and are consistent with observations that D/L‐isomer ratios of amino acids increase during early diagenesis.
Traffic classification: Packet-, flow-, and application-based approaches

Traffic classification is a very important mathematical and statistical tool in communications and computer networking, which is used to find average and statistical information of the traffic passing through certain pipe or hub. The results achieved from a proper deployment of a traffic analysis method provide valuable insights, including: how busy a link is, the average end-toend delays, and the average packet size. These valuable information bits will help engineers to design robust networks, avoid possible congestions, and foresee future growth. This paper is designed to capture the essence of traffic classification methods and consider them in packet-, flow-, and application-based contexts.
Calculation and word problem-solving skill profiles: relationship to previous skills and interest

Abstract The current study focuses on the calculation and word problem-solving skill profiles at the end of middle school and their relationships to previous skills and interest in math. The sample included 818 (48% boys) Estonian students from 31 schools. Math skills, reasoning, text comprehension, and interest in math were assessed in Grade 8. Latent profile analysis was used to identify latent profiles of calculation and word problem-solving skills in Grade 9 (age 15 years). Five latent profiles were found. Results indicated that students had significantly different math and cognitive skills; however, the interest level for average and lower-achieving students was quite similar. Students with the highest skills had an exceptionally high interest in math, showing that enhancing students’ interest together with academic skills might help to reach a high level of math skills by the end of middle school.
Diseño y métodos empleados en la obtención de un instrumento para la pesquisa de problemas del desarrollo psicomotor

Introduccion: La aplicacion de pruebas de pesquisa en los controles de salud de los ninos permite la deteccion temprana de problemas del desarrollo psicomotor. Objetivo: Describir el diseno y los metodos empleados para obtener un instrumento para la pesquisa de problemas del desarrollo psicomotor en ninos menores de seis anos. Metodos: Investigacion de desarrollo realizada entre 2014-2018 y en la que se aplico un diseno muestralestratificado, trietapico y equiprobabilistico por cada grupo de edad y sexo. Incluyo nueve areas de salud en igual numero de municipios y 256 consultorios. Los criterios de inclusion fueron: ninos dispensarizados como sanos, edad entre 15 dias y 6,5 anos, residencia permanente en el area de atencion de los consultorios seleccionados y consentimiento informado de los padres o tutores; se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedades agudas en el momento de la evaluacion. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 80 pautas de desarrollo distribuidas en 4 areas y 25 grupos de edad. Se estudiaron 1333 ninos, el 96,8% de la muestra estimada. Se evaluaron, como promedio, 53 ninos por grupo de edad, el promedio de pautas evaluadas por nino fue de 22. El nivel de educacion materna fue elevado. Conclusiones: El diseno y los metodos empleados constituyen una base fiable para el proposito de obtener un instrumento valido para la pesquisa de problemas del desarrollo psicomotor en ninos menores de seis anos, que permite ademas, obtener informacion util desde el punto de vista asistencial y epidemiologico.
Wedge Resection and Segmentectomy in Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

The use of sublobar resections as definitive management in stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma is a controversial topic in the medical community. We intend to report the latest developments and trends in relative indications for each of the above-mentioned surgical approaches for the treatment of stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma as well as the results of studies regarding local recurrence, disease-free survival and five-year survival rates. We reviewed 45 prospective and retrospective studies conducted over the last 25 years listed in the Pubmed and Scopus electronic databases. Trials were identified through bibliographies and a manual search in journals. Authors, citations, objectives and results were extracted. No meta-analysis was performed. Validation of results was discussed. Segmentectomies are superior to wedge resections in terms of local recurrences and cancer-related mortality rates. Sublobar resections are superior to lobectomy in preserving the pulmonary parenchyma. High-risk patients should undergo segmentectomy, whereas lobectomies are superior to segmentectomies only for tumors >2 cm (T2bN0M0) in terms of disease-free and overall 5-year survival. In most studies no significant differences were found in tumors <2 cm. Disease-free surgical margins are crucial to prevent local recurrences. Systematic lymphadenectomy is mandatory regardless of the type of resection used. In sublobar resections with less thorough nodal dissections, adjuvant radiotherapy can be used. This approach is preferable in case of prior resection. In pure bronchoalveolar carcinoma, segmentectomy is recommended. Sublobar resections are associated with a shorter hospital stay. The selection of the type of resection in T1aN0M0 tumors should depend on characteristic of the patient and the tumor. Patient age, cardiopulmonary reserve and tumor size are the most important factors to be considered. However further prospective randomized trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of minimal resections in early lung cancer patients.