Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Impact of Early Antiretroviral Therapy on the Performance of HIV Rapid Tests and HIV Incidence Assays

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can downregulate antibody responses to HIV infection. We evaluated the impact of early vs. delayed ART on the performance of HIV diagnostic and incidence assays. Methods: Samples were obtained from 207 participants in the HPTN 052 trial, who were stably suppressed on ART for ≥4 years [Malawi sites; pre-ART CD4 cell count 350–550 cells/mm3 (early ART arm, N = 180) or <250 cells/mm3 or an AIDS-defining illness (delayed ART arm, N = 27)]. Samples were tested with 2 HIV rapid tests and 2 HIV incidence assays; selected samples were also tested with two fourth-generation immunoassays and a Western blot (WB) assay. A pre-ART sample was analyzed if the follow-up sample had a false-negative or weakly-reactive rapid test result, or had an incidence assay result indicative of recent infection (false-recent result). Results: Ten (4.8%) samples had a nonreactive or weakly-reactive rapid test result (7/180 early ART arm, 3/27 delayed ART arm, P = 0.13); one sample had nonreactive fourth-generation assay results and 3 had indeterminate WBs. Forty (18.9%) samples had a false-recent incidence assay result; 16 (7.8%) had false-recent results with both incidence assays. Baseline samples had stronger rapid test and WB bands, higher fourth-generation assay signal-to-cutoff values, and fewer HIV incidence assay results indicative of recent infection. Conclusions: False-negative/weakly-reactive HIV rapid tests and false-recent HIV incidence assay results were observed in virally-suppressed individuals, regardless of pre-ART CD4 cell count. Downregulation of the antibody response to HIV infection in the setting of ART may impact population-level surveys of HIV prevalence and incidence.
Evolution and stability of the G‐matrix during the colonization of a novel environment

Populations that undergo a process of rapid evolution present excellent opportunities to investigate the mechanisms driving or restraining adaptive divergence. The genetic variance–covariance matrix (G) is often considered to constrain adaptation but little is known about its potential to evolve during phenotypic divergence. We compared the G‐matrices of ancestral and recently established ecotype populations of an aquatic isopod (Asellus aquaticus) that have diverged in parallel in two south Swedish lakes. Phenotypic changes after colonization involved a reduction in overall size, lost pigmentation and changes in shape. Comparisons between G‐matrices reveal close similarity within the same ecotype from different lakes but some degree of differentiation among ecotypes. Phenotypic divergence has apparently not been much influenced by the orientation of G. Additive genetic variation in the newly colonized habitats has also decreased substantially. This suggests that a process of adaptation from standing genetic variation has occurred and has probably facilitated phenotypic divergence.
Deformation of Foam Cores in Uniaxial Compression-Tension Cycle

This article deals with experimental and analytical analysis of the mechanical behavior of crushed foam cores. Three rigid cellular core materials are tested in a uniaxial compression-tension cycle. An analytical model is proposed describing the stress-strain curve in tension and secondary compression. A special emphasis is laid on the relaxation behavior of a crushed foam core in tension.
Discovery of an Optically Thick, Edge-on Disk around the Herbig Ae Star PDS 144N

We have discovered an optically thick, edge-on circumstellar disk around a Herbig Ae star in the binary system PDS 144, providing the first intermediate-mass analog of HK Tau and similar T Tauri stars. This system consists of a V ~ 13 mag primary and a fainter companion, with the spectra of both stars showing evidence for circumstellar disks and accretion; both stars were classified as Herbig Ae by the Pico dos Dias Survey. In Lick adaptive optics polarimetry, we resolved extended polarized light scattered from dust around the northern star. Follow-up Keck adaptive optics and mid-infrared observations show that this star is entirely hidden by an optically thick disk at all wavelengths from 1.2 to 11.7 μm. The disk major axis subtends ~0. ″8 on the sky, corresponding to ~800 AU at a distance of 1000 pc. Bright "wings" extend 0. ″3 above and below the disk ansae, due most likely to scattering from the edges of an outflow cavity in a circumstellar envelope. We discuss the morphology of the disk and the spectral energy distributions of the two PDS 144 stars, present preliminary disk models, and identify a number of open questions regarding this fascinating system.
Perception of slipperiness and prospective risk of slipping at work

Objectives Falls are a leading cause of injury at work, and slipping is the predominant cause of falling. Prior research has suggested a modest correlation between objective measures (such as coefficient of friction, COF) and subjective measures of slipperiness (such as worker perceptions) in the workplace. However, the degree of association between subjective measures and the actual risk of slipping at the workplace is unknown. This study examined the association between perception of slipperiness and the risk of slipping. Methods 475 workers from 36 limited-service restaurants participated in a 12-week prospective cohort study. At baseline, demographic information was collected, participants rated floor slipperiness in eight areas of the restaurant, and work environment factors, such as COF, were measured. Restaurant-level and area-level mean perceptions of slipperiness were calculated. Participants then reported their slip experience at work on a weekly basis for the next 12 weeks. The associations between perception of slipperiness and the rate of slipping were assessed. Results Adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education, primary language, mean COF, use of slip-resistant shoes, and restaurant chain, each 1-point increase in mean restaurant-level perception of slipperiness (4-point scale) was associated with a 2.71 times increase in the rate of slipping (95% CI 1.25 to 5.87). Results were similar for area-level perception within the restaurant (rate ratios (RR) 2.92, 95% CI 2.41 to 3.54). Conclusions Perceptions of slipperiness and the subsequent rate of slipping were strongly associated. These findings suggest that safety professionals, risk managers and employers could use aggregated worker perceptions of slipperiness to identify slipping hazards and, potentially, to assess intervention effectiveness.
Biologically active oligostilbenes from the stems of Vatica mangachapoi and chemotaxonomic significance

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the stems of Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae) led to the isolation and structural elucidation of twenty-seven oligostilbenes (1–27), including a new natural compound 1. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including NMR, MS and ECD data, and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with those reported in the literature. The absolute configuration of 1 was first time determined by a combination of NOESY spectrum and quantum chemical computation. Among of isolates were tested for their anti-osteoporosis and anti-HIV-1 activities in vitro by the MTT method. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarised.
Development and Evaluation of a Hospital-Based Peer Support Group for Younger Individuals with Stroke

ABSTRACT The incidence of stroke in younger individuals is rising, producing unique challenges due to loss of productive roles and long-term impact in the survivor's life. This paper reports the results of a hospital-based program based on occupational therapy principles that was designed to provide support and education for 13 younger individuals (<65) with stroke. Participants demonstrated improved socialization, healthy coping, and role attainment as measured by the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and a member satisfaction questionnaire. Key factors for successful implementation and considerations for future programs to meet the needs of younger adults with stroke are discussed.
Year : 2013 DAT 1 polymorphism determines L-DOPA effects on learning about others ’ prosociality

Despite that a wealth of evidence links striatal dopamine to individualś reward learning performance in non-social environments, the neurochemical underpinnings of such learning during social interaction are unknown. Here, we show that the administration of 300 mg of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA to 200 healthy male subjects influences learning about a partners’ prosocial preferences in a novel social interaction task, which is akin to a repeated trust game. We found learning to be modulated by a well-established genetic marker of striatal dopamine levels, the 40-bp variable number tandem repeats polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT1 polymorphism). In particular, we found that L-DOPA improves learning in 10/10R genoype subjects, who are assumed to have lower endogenous striatal dopamine levels and impairs learning in 9/10R genotype subjects, who are assumed to have higher endogenous dopamine levels. These findings provide first evidence for a critical role of dopamine in learning whether an interaction partner has a prosocial or a selfish personality. The applied pharmacogenetic approach may open doors to new ways of studying psychiatric disorders such as psychosis, which is characterized by distorted perceptions of others’ prosocial attitudes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0067820 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-100191 Published Version Originally published at: Eisenegger, Christoph; Pedroni, Andreas; Rieskamp, Jörg; Zehnder, Christian; Ebstein, Richard; Fehr, Ernst; Knoch, Daria (2013). DAT1 polymorphism determines L-DOPA effects on learning about others’ prosociality. PLoS ONE, 8(7):e67820. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0067820 DAT1 Polymorphism Determines L-DOPA Effects on Learning about Others’ Prosociality Christoph Eisenegger*, Andreas Pedroni*, Jörg Rieskamp, Christian Zehnder, Richard Ebstein, Ernst Fehr, Daria Knoch* 1 Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2Division of Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 3Center for Economic Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 4 Faculty of Business and Economics, Quartier UNIL-Dorigny, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 5Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 6 Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Overweight and Obesity Associated with Higher Depression Prevalence in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to review and synthesize scientific evidence to assess the association between excess body weight and depression among adults. Methods: The systematic research of observational studies was held from January to March 2015 on Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Psycarticles, and Isi Web. A prevalence ratio (PR) was adopted as a summary measurement. All articles were evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias. Metaregression was used to investigate heterogeneity and to identify the variation between the studies in relation to the estimates of the effects. Results: In this review, 9 studies (N = 171,701) met the inclusion criteria. All articles obtained adequate methodological quality. Most studies had high or unclear risk of bias. Overweight and obesity were assessed by body mass index. People with obesity were 32% more likely to have depression compared to those who were eutrophic (PR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.38). After a gender analysis, the results showed statistically significant differences in obese versus eutrophic women (PR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28–1.34). Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that overweight or obesity was associated with depression.
Axitinib versus sorafenib as a second-line therapy in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized registrational study

Background This registrational trial evaluated the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of axitinib versus sorafenib as a second-line treatment in Asian patients with clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Methods In this open-label, multicenter study, previously treated Asian patients with clear-cell mRCC were stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and prior therapy and randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive axitinib (5 mg twice daily) or sorafenib (400 mg twice daily). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by a masked independent review committee. Results A total of 204 Asian patients received axitinib (n=135) or sorafenib (n=69). Median PFS (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 6.5 (4.7–9.1) months with axitinib versus 4.8 (3.0–6.5) months with sorafenib (hazard ratio, 0.731; 95% CI, 0.506–1.058; one-sided P=0.0531). The objective response rate (95% CI) was 23.7% (16.8%–31.8%) with axitinib versus 10.1% (4.2%–19.8%) with sorafenib. Common, grade ≥3, all-causality adverse events were hypertension (19.3%), weight decrease (5.2%), and proteinuria (5.2%) with axitinib and hypertension (8.7%) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (7.2%) with sorafenib. In a time-to-deterioration composite end point of death, progression, and worsening of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Kidney Symptom Index score, patients treated with axitinib demonstrated a 17%–24% risk reduction compared with sorafenib-treated patients. Conclusion Axitinib is clinically active and well tolerated in previously treated Asian patients with mRCC, consistent with the results from the global Phase III trial. These results establish axitinib as a second-line treatment option for Asian patients with mRCC.
Effect of CFRP and TRM Strengthening of RC Slabs on Punching Shear Strength

The paper presents experiments involving punching of RC slabs strengthened using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet and textile reinforced mortar (TRM). Twelve RC slab specimens of two concrete grades (39.9 and 63.2 MPa) and employing two strengthening schemes (CFRP and TRM) were tested. Specimens were supported on two opposite edges. Experimental load-displacement variations show two peak loads in strengthened slabs and one peak followed by a plateau in control. Second peak or the plateau corresponds to the combined action of aggregate interlock and the dowel action of back face rebars and strengthening layers. The dowel action of back face rebars and strengthening layers had no role in ultimate punching load (i.e. first peak). Strengthened slabs showed 9-18% increase in ultimate punching load (i.e. first peak) whereas there was significant increase in the second peak load (190-276% for CFRP; 55-136% for TRM) and energy absorption (~66% for CFRP and 22-56% for TRM). An analytical model was also developed for predicting the punching shear strength (first and second peaks) of strengthened slabs showing good comparison with experiments.
Localized sensitivity enhanced in vivo 13C MRS to detect glucose metabolism in the mouse brain

The application of in vivo 13C MR spectroscopy to mouse brain models is potentially valuable for improving the understanding of cerebral carbohydrate metabolism and glutamatergic neurotransmission in various neuropathologies. However, the low sensitivity of 13C nuclei and contaminating signals of lipids in the relatively small mouse brain make this application rather challenging. To meet these technical challenges, localized semi‐adiabatic distortionless enhanced polarization transfer (DEPT) MR spectroscopy in combination with a continuous intravenous [1,6‐13C2] glucose infusion was implemented to detect glucose metabolism in isoflurane‐anesthetized mice at 7T. The signal enhancement and high spectral resolution obtained in these experiments enabled the separate determination of 13C label incorporation into as much as 13 metabolites from a 175 μL volume. Signal increases of glucose (C6), glutamine (C3, C4), and glutamate (C3, C4) were determined with a time resolution of 8.6 min. This study demonstrates an optimized MR method for the application of in vivo 13C MRS in mouse brain. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonin Negatively Regulates Fertility: A Study in Albino Rat ( Rattus norvegicus )

This study was performed to evaluate the biological activity of melatonin on the fertility of male and female albino rat. The tested dose (1.0 mg/kg) of melatonin and reference drug "primovlar" were administered through oral route daily to female rats 2 cycles before mating (group I) and from the first day of mating till 21 days (group II). On the other hand, the male rats were administered only the tested dose of melatonin for two weeks before mating (group III). The effects of melatonin and primovlar administration on fertility index, pregnancy percentage, sperm count, hormonal levels (prolactin, FSH, LH, progesterone and estradiol) and some biochemical parameters (total lipid and cholesterol) were investigated. Also, histopathological changes of ovaries and testes of rats treated with melatonin were examined. The results showed significant decrease in the pregnancy percentage and fertility index and non-significant decrease in the sperm count after melatonin treatment. The data also showed significant increase in prolactin level and significant decrease of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone levels of male and female albino rats treated with melatonin or primovlar versus those of controls. In the same domain, biochemical analysis revealed significant elevation in total lipid and cholesterol levels. Histological examination showed little changes in ovarian and testicular structure in melatoninadministered animals versus those of controls. In conclusion, the tested dose of melatonin affected the fertility in negative manner and exerted a more potent effect than primovlar.
Galectin-8–mediated selective autophagy protects against seeded tau aggregation

Assembled tau can transfer between cells and seed the aggregation of soluble tau. This process is thought to underlie the amplification and propagation of tau inclusions throughout the brain in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the mechanisms involved may provide strategies for limiting assembled tau propagation. Here, we sought to determine how assembled tau seeds gain access to the cytosol and whether this access triggers cellular defenses. We show that tau assemblies enter cells through clathrin-independent endocytosis and escape from damaged endomembranes into the cytosol, where they seed the aggregation of soluble tau. We also found that the danger receptor galectin-8 detects damaged endomembranes and activates autophagy through recruitment of the cargo receptor nuclear dot protein 52 (NDP52). Inhibition of galectin-8– and NDP52-dependent autophagy increased seeded tau aggregation, indicating that autophagy triggered by damaged endomembranes during the entry of assembled tau seeds protects against tau aggregation, in a manner similar to cellular defenses against cytosol-dwelling microorganisms. A second autophagy cargo receptor, p62, then targeted seeded tau aggregates. Our results reveal that by monitoring endomembrane integrity, cells reduce entry of tau seeds into the cytosol and thereby prevent seeded aggregation. The mechanisms described here may help inform the development of therapies aimed at inhibiting the propagation of protein assemblies in neurodegenerative diseases.
Harmonious Attention Network for Person Re-identification

Existing person re-identification (re-id) methods either assume the availability of well-aligned person bounding box images as model input or rely on constrained attention selection mechanisms to calibrate misaligned images. They are therefore sub-optimal for re-id matching in arbitrarily aligned person images potentially with large human pose variations and unconstrained auto-detection errors. In this work, we show the advantages of jointly learning attention selection and feature representation in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by maximising the complementary information of different levels of visual attention subject to re-id discriminative learning constraints. Specifically, we formulate a novel Harmonious Attention CNN (HA-CNN) model for joint learning of soft pixel attention and hard regional attention along with simultaneous optimisation of feature representations, dedicated to optimise person re-id in uncontrolled (misaligned) images. Extensive comparative evaluations validate the superiority of this new HA-CNN model for person re-id over a wide variety of state-of-the-art methods on three large-scale benchmarks including CUHK03, Market-1501, and DukeMTMC-ReID.
A NEW sdO+dM BINARY WITH EXTREME ECLIPSES AND REFLECTION EFFECT

We report the discovery of a new totally eclipsing binary (R.A. = 06 h 40 m 29 s 11 ? > ; decl. = +38°56′52″2; J = 2000.0; Rmax = 17.2 mag) with an sdO primary and a strongly irradiated red dwarf companion. It has an orbital period of Porb = 0.187284394(11) day and an optical eclipse depth in excess of 5 mag. We obtained 2 low-resolution classification spectra with GTC/OSIRIS and 10 medium-resolution spectra with WHT/ISIS to constrain the properties of the binary members. The spectra are dominated by H Balmer and He ii absorption lines from the sdO star, and phase-dependent emission lines from the irradiated companion. A combined spectroscopic and light curve analysis implies a hot subdwarf temperature of Teff(spec) = 55,000 ± 3000 K, surface gravity of log g (phot) = 6.2 ± 0.04 (cgs), and a He abundance of log ( n He / n H ) = − 2.24 ± 0.40 ? > . The hot sdO star irradiates the red dwarf companion, heating its substellar point to about 22,500 K. Surface parameters for the companion are difficult to constrain from the currently available data: the most remarkable features are the strong H Balmer and C ii-iii lines in emission. Radial velocity estimates are consistent with the sdO+dM classification. The photometric data do not show any indication of sdO pulsations with amplitudes greater than 7 mmag, and Hα-filter images do not provide evidence for the presence of a planetary nebula associated with the sdO star.