Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of burr formation in slot milling Al-alloy

Burrs are bottleneck of precision machining and automation production. This paper reports the results of experiments to investigate mechanism of burr formation on the feed direction based on the experimental research in slot milling Al-alloy. Experiments of orthogonal milling with various exit angles and oblique milling with various oblique cutting angles have been conducted. Maximum height and thickness of exit burr and exit side burr are measured. The experiment results show that the friction angle becomes larger with the exit angle and oblique cutting angle. The exit burr size increases with the exit angle and exit side burr size on up milling side increases with the oblique cutting angle. This research is benefit to precision machining of Al-alloy and other light metal.
Episodes of hypoxemia during synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation in ventilator‐dependent very low birth weight infants

Distinct patterns of asynchrony, and episodes of hypoxemia, may occur in a spontaneously breathing preterm infant during conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) on traditional time‐cycled, pressure‐limited ventilators. Synchronized IMV (SIMV) and assist/control ventilation are frequent modes of patient‐triggered ventilation used with infant ventilators. The objective of this study was to use computerized pulse oximetry to quantify the occurrence of episodes of hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation) during SIMV vs. IMV, in preterm infants ≤1,250 g who required mechanical ventilation at ≥14 days of age. We performed a randomized, crossover study with each infant being randomized to IMV or SIMV (Infant Star ventilator) for initial testing for a 1‐hr period. Patients were subsequently tested on the alternate modality after a stabilization period of 10 min at the same ventilator and fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) settings. Pulse oximetry data were obtained with a Nellcor N‐200 monitor, a microcomputer, and a software program (SatMaster). An investigator blinded to the randomized assignment evaluated all measurements. Eighteen very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with a birth weight of 777 ± 39 g (mean ± SEM) and gestational age 25.1 ± 0.3 weeks were studied. The average pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SaO2) was higher on SIMV than IMV (P < 0.01). During SIMV, these infants had significantly fewer episodes of hypoxemia (duration of episodes of oxygen desaturation as a percentage of scorable recording time) to 86–90% SaO2 (P < 0.01), 81–85% SaO2 (P < 0.01), and 76–80% SaO2 (P < 0.05) when compared to IMV. There was also a significant decrease in percentage of time of desaturation to SaO2 < 90% (P = 0.002), < 85% SaO2 (P = 0.003), and <80% SaO2 (P = 0.02) during SIMV vs. IMV. Our preliminary findings indicate that the use of SIMV in a population of VLBW ventilator‐dependent infants (≥14 days of age) results in better oxygenation and decreased episodes of hypoxemia as compared to IMV. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prime number theorem

The Prime Number Theorem asserts that the number of primes less than or equal to x is approximately equal to x log x for large values of x (here and for the rest of these notes, log denotes the natural logarithm). This quantitative statement about the distribution of primes which was conjectured by several mathematicians (including Gauss) early in the nineteenth century, and was finally proved (independently) in 1896 by Hadamard and de la Vallée Poussin. Their proofs used fairly elaborate analytic methods. Many other proofs and generalizations of the prime number theorem have subsequently been found. In these lecture notes, we present a relatively simple proof of the Prime Number Theorem due to D. Newman (with further simplifications by D. Zagier). Our goal is to make the proof accessible for a reader who has taken a basic course in complex analysis but who does not necessarily have any background in number theory.
Development and Clinical Evaluation of an mHealth Application for Stress Management

A large number of individuals experience mental health disorders, with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) emerging as a standard practice for reduction in psychiatric symptoms, including stress, anger, anxiety, and depression. However, CBT is associated with significant patient dropout and lacks the means to provide objective data regarding a patient’s experience and symptoms between sessions. Emerging wearables and mobile health (mHealth) applications represent an approach that may provide objective data to the patient and provider between CBT sessions. Here, we describe the development of a classifier of real-time physiological stress in a healthy population (n = 35) and apply it in a controlled clinical evaluation for armed forces veterans undergoing CBT for stress and anger management (n = 16). Using cardiovascular and electrodermal inputs from a wearable device, the classifier was able to detect physiological stress in a non-clinical sample with accuracy greater than 90%. In a small clinical sample, patients who used the classifier and an associated mHealth application were less likely to discontinue therapy (p = 0.016, d = 1.34) and significantly improved on measures of stress (p = 0.032, d = 1.61), anxiety (p = 0.050, d = 1.26), and anger (p = 0.046, d = 1.41) compared to controls undergoing CBT alone. Given the large number of individuals that experience mental health disorders and the unmet need for treatment, especially in developing nations, such mHealth approaches have the potential to provide or augment treatment at low cost in the absence of in-person care.
Non-stoichiometric Relationship between Clathrin Heavy and Light Chains Revealed by Quantitative Comparative Proteomics of Clathrin-coated Vesicles from Brain and Liver*S

We used tandem mass spectrometry with peptide counts to identify and to determine the relative levels of expression of abundant protein components of highly enriched clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) from rat liver. The stoichiometry of stable protein complexes including clathrin heavy chain and clathrin light chain dimers and adaptor protein (AP) heterotetramers was assessed. We detected a deficit of clathrin light chain compared with clathrin heavy chain in non-brain tissues, suggesting a level of regulation of clathrin cage formation specific to brain. The high ratio of AP-1 to AP-2 in liver CCVs is reversed compared with brain where there is more AP-2 than AP-1. Despite this, general endocytic cargo proteins were readily detected in liver but not in brain CCVs, consistent with the previous demonstration that a major function for brain CCVs is recycling synaptic vesicles. Finally we identified 21 CCV-associated proteins in liver not yet characterized in mammals. Our results further validate the peptide accounting approach, reveal new information on the properties of CCVs, and allow for the use of quantitative proteomics to compare abundant components of organelles under different experimental and pathological conditions.
Expression of Maspin and Ezrin Proteins in Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate maspin and ezrin expression in different subtypes of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods. Tissue samples from 43 patients with periocular BCC. Our cases were comprised of 10 morpheaform, 25 nodular, and 8 adenoid type BCCs. Immunohistochemical staining for maspin and ezrin was performed by Envision detection system. Results. There was no difference between different subtypes of BCC in maspin expression regarding positivity, intensity, and pattern of expression. Ezrin was expressed in all subtypes of BCC but the intensity was significantly higher in morpheaform BCC compared to nodular and adenoid types (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, resp.); ninety percent of morpheaform samples showed strong ezrin intensity, while this strong intensity was only present in 25% and 12% of adenoid and nodular subtypes, respectively. There was no correlation between age, sex, or tumor margin involvement and expression of neither maspin nor ezrin. There was no correlation between maspin and ezrin expression except in nodular type, in which an inverse correlation was found (P = 0.004). Conclusion. Ezrin is expressed intensely in morpheaform BCC of periocular region. Further studies are needed to show the significance of this finding in prognosis of morpheaform BCC.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Analysis in Patients with a Recent Clinical Fracture at the Fracture Liaison Service

Patients with a low bone mineral density have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and venous thromboembolic events (VTE). The aim of our retrospective chart review was to investigate the prevalence of CVD, VTE, hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) in patients with a recent clinical fracture visiting the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS). Out of 3057 patients aged 50–90 years, 1359 consecutive patients, who agreed and were able to visit the FLS for fracture risk evaluation, were included (71.7% women; mean age 65.2 yrs). Based on medical history, 29.9% had a history of CVD (13.7%), VTE (1.7%), HT (14.9%), and DM2 (7.1%) or a combination. Their prevalence increased with age (21% in patients aged 50–59 years to 48% in patients aged >80 years) and was higher in men than in women (36% versus 27%), but independent of bone mineral density and fracture type. Careful evaluation of medical history with respect to these risk factors should be performed in patients with a recent clinical fracture before starting treatment with medications that increase the risk of VTE or cardiovascular events, such as raloxifene, strontium ranelate, or NSAIDs.
Collaborative memory and part-set cueing impairments: The role of executive depletion in modulating retrieval disruption

When people are exposed to a subset of previously studied list items they recall fewer of the remaining items compared to a condition where none of the studied items is provided during recall. This occurs both when the subset of items is provided by the experimenter (i.e., the part-set cueing deficit in individual recall) and when they are provided during the course of a collaborative discussion (i.e., the collaborative inhibition effect in group recall). Previous research has identified retrieval disruption as a common mechanism underlying both effects; however, less is known about the factors that may make individuals susceptible to such retrieval disruption. In the current studies we tested one candidate factor: executive control. Using an executive depletion paradigm we directly manipulated an individual's level of executive control during retrieval. Results revealed no direct role of executive depletion in modulating retrieval disruption. In contrast, executive control abilities were indirectly related to retrieval disruption through their influence at encoding. Together these results suggest that executive control des not directly affect retrieval disruption at the retrieval stage, and that the role of this putative mechanism may be limited to the encoding stage.
Motivation to Participate in an Online Citizen Science Game

Online citizen science projects have the potential to engage thousands of participants with scientific research. A small number of projects such as Foldit use an online computer game format. Motivation to participate in Foldit was investigated in a group of 37 players using an online survey, semistructured interviews, and participant observation. Results suggest that contributing to scientific research and an interest in science were among the most important motivations for participation. Interaction with others within the community of participants and the intellectual challenge of the game were also key for the continuing involvement of this group of regular contributors.
Relationship between Autogenous Shrinkage and Tensile Strength of Cement Paste with SCM

Fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) were used as the supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement paste. The autogenous shrinkage (AS) and the shrinkage cracks of cement paste with SCMs were experimentally investigated in this study, and the relationship of AS, tensile strength, and crack area of cement paste were analyzed. The test results show that FA decreases the AS of cement paste and SF increases the AS. Both the AS and the crack area of cement paste decrease with the increase of the water-binder (W/B) ratio. When W/B ratios of different cement pastes are kept the same, the tensile strength of cement paste is not influenced by the AS if the specimens can shrink freely. Equations are established to describe the relationship among AS, tensile strength, and crack area of the cement paste with SCMs.
THE LOCALIZATION OF ENDOGENOUS PEROXIDASE IN THE LACRIMAL GLAND OF THE RAT DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

The distribution of endogenous peroxidase activity in the lacrimal gland of the rat during postnatal development was investigated by electron microscope cytochemistry Peroxidase activity is first found 6 hr after birth in only a few acinar cells At this stage, reaction product fills only localized segments of the scant rough endoplasmic reticulum and of the perinuclear cisternae. Peroxidase activity thus develops asynchronously in a given cell as well as in the secretory cell population as a whole 2 days after birth, all cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of a peroxidase-positive cell contain reaction product, but the majority of the acinar cells is still negative During the next days, the number of peroxidase-positive cells and the amount of the rough endoplasmic reticulum increase rapidly. By 15 days postparturition, all secretory cells are peroxidase-positive. Reaction product is then found in all cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum including the perinuclear cisternae, in smooth surface vesicles located mainly between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi stacks, in condensing vacuoles, and in all secretory granules The Golgi cisternae rarely contain reaction product In total homogenates and in fractions of glandular tissue of adult rats, peroxidatic and catalatic activities are demonstrable. The microsomal fractions and the postmicrosomal supernatants were used to separate peroxidase from catalase by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and the following parameters were determined: substrate (H2O2-) optimum (∼ 2.0 x 10-4 M), pH-optimum (pH 6 5), temperature-optimum (42°C), and the absorption maximum (415 nm before and 425 nm after addition of H2O2) The same parameters were obtained from lacrimal fluid peroxidase. Both peroxidase from lacrimal gland and that from lacrimal fluid are almost completely inhibited by 10-3 M aminotriazole and are possibly identical enzymes. Peroxidase is secreted into lacrimal fluid, which does not contain catalase.
Urinary Biomarkers for Phthalates Associated with Asthma in Norwegian Children

Background: High-molecular-weight phthalates in indoor dust have been associated with asthma in children, but few studies have evaluated phthalate biomarkers in association with respiratory outcomes. Objectives: We explored the association between urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and current asthma. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, 11 metabolites of 8 phthalates [including four metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] were measured in one first morning void collected from 2001 through 2004 from 623 10-year-old Norwegian children. Logistic regression models controlling for urine specific gravity, sex, parental asthma, and income were used to estimate associations between current asthma and phthalate metabolite concentrations by quartiles or as log10-transformed variables. Results: Current asthma was associated with both mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) and mono(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP), although the association was limited to those in the highest quartile of these chemicals. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for current asthma was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.3) for the highest MCOP quartile compared with the lowest quartile, and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.7) for an interquartile-range increase. The aOR for current asthma was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.0) for the highest MCNP quartile and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.7) for an interquartile-range increase. The other phthalate metabolites were not associated with current asthma. Conclusions: Current asthma was associated with the highest quartiles of MCOP and MCNP, metabolites of two high molecular weight phthalates, diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate, respectively. Given the short biological half-life of the phthalates and the cross-sectional design, our findings should be interpreted cautiously.
Different Doses of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for Acute Stroke in Chinese Patients

Background and Purpose— The relationship between the dose of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) and its safety/efficacy for ischemic stroke has not been well evaluated in the East Asian population. We assessed the safety/efficacy of different doses of r-tPA for acute ischemic stroke in Chinese patients. Methods— A total of 1004 eligible patients were classified according to the dose of r-tPA received for managing acute ischemic stroke: 0.9 mg/kg (n=422), 0.8 mg/kg (n=202), 0.7 mg/kg (n=199), and 0.6 mg/kg (n=181). The safety outcome was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and death within 3 months. The efficacy outcome was good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ⩽1) at 3 months. Results— There was a significant trend for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage with age (P=0.002). With multivariate logistic regression analysis, a dose of 0.9 mg/kg was a predictor of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (P=0.0109), and a dose ⩽0.65 mg/kg was a predictor of good functional outcome (P=0.0369). In patients aged 71 to 80 years, there was a significant trend of increasing symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (P=0.0130) and less good functional outcome (P=0.0179) with increasing doses of r-tPA. There was also a trend of increasing mortality (P=0.0971) at 3 months in these patients. Conclusions— These results did not support the dose of 0.9 mg/kg of r-tPA being optimal for all patients in the East Asian population. In elderly patients (71–80 years), a lower dose of 0.6 mg/kg is associated with a better outcome. Confirmation of the results through randomized trial is required.
Provably Bounded-Optimal Agents

Since its inception, artificial intelligence has relied upon a theoretical foundation centred around perfect rationality as the desired property of intelligent systems. We argue, as others have done, that this foundation is inadequate because it imposes fundamentally unsatisfiable requirements. As a result, there has arisen a wide gap between theory and practice in AI, hindering progress in the field. We propose instead a property called bounded optimality. Roughly speaking, an agent is bounded-optimal if its program is a solution to the constrained optimization problem presented by its architecture and the task environment. We show how to construct agents with this property for a simple class of machine architectures in a broad class of real-time environments. We illustrate these results using a simple model of an automated mail sorting facility. We also define a weaker property, asymptotic bounded optimality (ABO), that generalizes the notion of optimality in classical complexity theory. We then construct universal ABO programs, i.e., programs that are ABO no matter what real-time constraints are applied. Universal ABO programs can be used as building blocks for more complex systems. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects for bounded optimality as a theoretical basis for AI, and relate it to similar trends in philosophy, economics, and game theory.
Light Quark Masses with Overlap Fermions in Quenched QCD

We present the results of a computation of the sum of the strange and average up-down quark masses with overlap fermions in the quenched approximation. Since the overlap regularization preserves chiral symmetry at finite cutoff and volume, no additive quark mass renormalization is required and the results are $\mathcal{O}(a)$ improved. Our simulations are performed at $\ensuremath{\beta}=6.0$ and volume ${V=16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}32,$ which correspond to a lattice cutoff of $\ensuremath{\sim}2 \mathrm{GeV}$ and to an extension of $\ensuremath{\sim}1.4 \mathrm{fm}. $ The logarithmically divergent renormalization constant has been computed nonperturbatively in the RI/MOM scheme. By using the K-meson mass as experimental input, we obtain ${(m}_{s}+\mathrm{m\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{)}^{\mathrm{RI}}(2 \mathrm{GeV})=120(7)(21) \mathrm{MeV},$ which corresponds to ${m}_{s}^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(2 \mathrm{GeV})=102(6)(18) \mathrm{MeV}$ if continuum perturbation theory and $\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{PT}$ are used. By using the Gell-Mann\char21{}Oakes\char21{}Renner relation we also obtain $〈\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}\ensuremath{\psi}{〉}^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(2 \mathrm{GeV}{)/N}_{f}$ $=\ensuremath{-}0.0190(11)(33)$ ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{3}=\ensuremath{-}[267(5)(15) \mathrm{MeV}{]}^{3},$ where the errors are statistical and systematic respectively.
Affect Analysis Model: novel rule-based approach to affect sensing from text

Abstract In this paper, we address the tasks of recognition and interpretation of affect communicated through text messaging in online communication environments. Specifically, we focus on Instant Messaging (IM) or blogs, where people use an informal or garbled style of writing. We introduced a novel rule-based linguistic approach for affect recognition from text. Our Affect Analysis Model (AAM) was designed to deal with not only grammatically and syntactically correct textual input, but also informal messages written in an abbreviated or expressive manner. The proposed rule-based approach processes each sentence in stages, including symbolic cue processing, detection and transformation of abbreviations, sentence parsing and word/phrase/sentence-level analyses. Our method is capable of processing sentences of different complexity, including simple, compound, complex (with complement and relative clauses) and complex–compound sentences. Affect in text is classified into nine emotion categories (or neutral). The strength of the resulting emotional state depends on vectors of emotional words, relations among them, tense of the analysed sentence and availability of first person pronouns. The evaluation of the Affect Analysis Model algorithm showed promising results regarding its capability to accurately recognize fine-grained emotions reflected in sentences from diary-like blog posts (averaged accuracy is up to 77 per cent), fairy tales (averaged accuracy is up to 70.2 per cent) and news headlines (our algorithm outperformed eight other systems on several measures).