Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal pattern formation in phenotype distributions of sexual populations

During bouts of evolutionary diversification, such as adaptive radiations, the emerging species cluster around different locations in phenotype space. How such multimodal patterns in phenotype space can emerge from a single ancestral species is a fundamental question in biology. Frequency-dependent competition is one potential mechanism for such pattern formation, as has previously been shown in models based on the theory of adaptive dynamics. Here, we demonstrate that also in models similar to those used in quantitative genetics, phenotype distributions can split into multiple modes under the force of frequency-dependent competition. In sexual populations, this requires assortative mating, and we show that the multimodal splitting of initially unimodal distributions occurs over a range of assortment parameters. In addition, assortative mating can be favoured evolutionarily even if it incurs costs, because it provides a means of alleviating the effects of frequency dependence. Our results reveal that models at both ends of the spectrum between essentially monomorphic (adaptive dynamics) and fully polymorphic (quantitative genetics) yield similar results. This underscores that frequency-dependent selection is a strong agent of pattern formation in phenotype distributions, potentially resulting in adaptive speciation.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with artificial ascites for hepatocellular carcinoma in the hepatic dome: initial experience.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with artificial ascites for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the hepatic dome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sonographically guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with artificial ascites was performed in 25 patients with 34 HCCs using an internally cooled electrode radiofrequency system. At least one hepatic dome tumor in each patient was considered difficult to treat percutaneously because of partially visible tumor (n = 16) or poor electrode path (n = 9) on planning sonography. We artificially induced ascites before radiofrequency ablation by dripping 5% dextrose in water (D/W) solution to improve tumor visibility or electrode path and to separate the radiofrequency ablation zone from the diaphragm. We assessed the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this technique with clinical and CT follow-up for at least 4 months (mean, 281.4 days) RESULTS Artificial ascites was successfully achieved in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with the administration of a mean of 348 mL of D/W solution for an additional mean time of 9.3 minutes. There was substantial improvement in the visibility in 93.4% (15/16) of the partially visible tumors and in achieving a better path in 77.8% (7/9) of the tumors with a poor electrode path. The primary technique effectiveness rate for hepatic dome tumors was 96% (24/25) at 1-month follow-up CT. There was no diaphragmatic thermal injury in all but one case. No complication related to artificial ascites occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with artificial ascites appears a feasible, safe, and effective technique for treating HCC of the hepatic dome.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA (Studi pada Karyawan PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kantor Pusat Jakarta)

This research aims to explain; The Influence of Employees Work Satisfaction to Employees Work Motivation in PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Jakarta’s Headquarter,) The Influence of Employees Work Motivation to Employees Performance in PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Jakarta’s Headquarter , The Influence of Employees Work Satisfaction toEmployees Performance in PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Jakarta’s Headquarter. This research was conducted at the headquarters of PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy , Menara Cakrawala, JL. MH. Thamrin No. 9, Jakarta . This kind of research is explanatory research. The techniques of data collection in this research using questionnaire and documentation. The population in this research amounted to 206 employees. The samples used in thisresearch totalled 70 samples by using simple random sampling. This research used descriptive analysis and inferensial analysis (path analysis and t-test) with SPSS 23. Keyword : Work Satisfaction, Work Motivation, Performance ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan; Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan terhadap Motivasi KerjaKaryawan PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kantor Pusat Jakarta, Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Karyawan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kantor Pusat Jakarta, Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kantor Pusat Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kantor Pusat PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy, Menara Cakrawala, Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 9, Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksplanatori ( explanatory research ). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi.Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 206 karyawan.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 70 sampel dengan menggunakan simple random sampling . Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial (analisis jalur dan uji t) dengan bantuan program SPSS 23.0. Kata Kunci : Kepuasan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja
Image-Guided Percutaneous Lipiodol-Pingyangmycin Suspension Injection Therapy for Sacral Chordoma

A 74-year-old man presented with a progressively worsening pain in sacrum and was diagnosed to have a sacral chordoma by biopsy in May, 2004. Percutaneous intratumoral injection with lipiodol-pingyangmycin suspension (LPS) was carried out under image guidance and repeated when the pain in sacrum recurred and the tumor increased. During a 6-year follow-up period, three sessions of this treatment were executed. CT imaging and Karnofsky Performance Score were used to evaluate the size of tumor and quality of life, respectively. The patient was free of pain after each procedure and had a high quality of life with a Karnofsky Performance Score above 80 points. The tumor lesion in sacral area was effectively controlled. No complications were observed. Percutaneous intratumoral injection with LPS under image guidance may be an effective and safe alternative for the patients with sacral chordoma.
Depletion of lipoprotein lipase after heparin administration.

Some or most of the turnover of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) occurs by dissociation from vascular endothelial sites in extrahepatic tissues and further degradation in the liver. Heparin greatly enhances this dissociation and delays but does not abolish uptake in the liver, raising the possibility that heparin could lead to accelerated catabolism of functional LPL. To investigate this, we determined time curves for heparin (anti-factor Xa activity) and for LPL and hepatic lipase after injection in rats of two doses of conventional unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). The high dose (250 U/kg) of both heparins resulted in similar initial levels of LPL activity in plasma, but at 30 minutes the activity with LMWH had declined by more than 80%, whereas with UFH it remained essentially unchanged during this time. In contrast, time curves for heparin activity in blood were similar for the two heparins. The low dose (50 U/kg) led to lower initial levels of LPL activity with LMWH in spite of slower elimination of heparin activity from the blood. These results agree with previous studies that indicate that LMWH has a similar ability as UFH to release LPL, but a lesser ability to delay its removal by the liver. Only slight differences were noted in the time curves for hepatic lipase with the two heparins. To assess the possible depletion of the lipases, we administered a second large dose of conventional heparin. One hour after the first injection, the second injection resulted in lower plasma LPL activities in all four groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On planning small cell backhaul networks

Small cells are expected to play an important role in future mobile networks to meet the rapidly increasing capacity demand. However, this requires that cost efficient backhaul solutions are found. This is a very challenging task given the large number of small cells that must be connected. In this paper we propose a set of practical methods that mobile operators can use as tools when planning small cell backhaul networks. The tools can help operators find the best way to connect the base station nodes and which technology to use on each link. Two methods are proposed for planning fiber-only networks. Fiber only solutions are interesting since long term backhaul solutions are expected to be dominated by fiber links and can be used to find heuristic solutions to multi-technology problems by e.g. replacing some fiber links with radio links. Optimal fiber-only networks with a tree topology can be easily found by a minimum weight spanning tree algorithm. By introducing a new metric we show that more resilient ring topology based solutions can be found by solving a traveling salesman type of problem. For heterogeneous multi-technology backhaul networks we propose a Mixed Integer linear Programming (MIP) problem formulation that allows inclusion of a wide range of requirements and constraints. The solutions can be made robust against varying traffic conditions by specifying capacity demand for different scenarios and both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint type of technologies can be included in the optimization. To verify the methods an example case study is performed for a small city.
Gender differences in the knee adduction moment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery

Background The external knee adduction moment during gait has previously been associated with knee pain and osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, the knee adduction moment has been shown to be increased following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery and has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the progression of early onset knee OA in this population. No study has investigated the gender differences in gait biomechanics following ACL reconstruction. Aim To examine gender differences in gait biomechanics following ACL reconstruction surgery. Methods 36 subjects (18 females, 18 males) who had previously undergone ACL reconstruction surgery (mean time since surgery 20 months) underwent gait analysis at a self-selected walking speed. Males and females were well matched for age, time since surgery and walking speed. Maximum flexion and adduction angles and moments were recorded during the stance phase of level walking and compared between the male and female groups. Results The knee adduction moment was 23% greater in the female compared with the male ACL group. No gender differences were seen in the sagittal plane. No differences were seen between the reconstructed and contralateral limb. Conclusion The higher knee adduction moment seen in females compared with males may suggest an increased risk for the development of OA in ACL-reconstructed females.
Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease.

CONTEXT Laboratory findings have suggested that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Therefore, the risk of Alzheimer disease might be reduced by intake of antioxidants that counteract the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary intake of antioxidants is related to risk of Alzheimer disease. DESIGN AND SETTING The Rotterdam Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study conducted in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5395 participants who, at baseline (1990-1993), were aged at least 55 years, free of dementia, and noninstitutionalized and had reliable dietary assessment. Participants were reexamined in 1993-1994 and 1997-1999 and were continuously monitored for incident dementia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of Alzheimer disease, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) criteria and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria, associated with dietary intake of beta carotene, flavonoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 6 years, 197 participants developed dementia, of whom 146 had Alzheimer disease. When adjustments were made for age, sex, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score, alcohol intake, education, smoking habits, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, total energy intake, presence of carotid plaques, and use of antioxidative supplements, high intake of vitamin C and vitamin E was associated with lower risk of Alzheimer disease (rate ratios [RRs] per 1-SD increase in intake were 0.82 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.99] and 0.82 [95% CI, 0.66-1.00], respectively). Among current smokers, this relationship was most pronounced (RRs, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.37-1.14] and 0.58 [95% CI, 0.30-1.12], respectively) and also was present for intake of beta carotene (RR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.27-0.92]) and flavonoids (RR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31-0.96]). The associations did not vary by education or apolipoprotein E genotype. CONCLUSION High dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E may lower the risk of Alzheimer disease.
The First Description of Dominance Hierarchy in Captive Giraffe: Not Loose and Egalitarian, but Clear and Linear

Wild giraffes live in extensive groups in the fission fusion system, maintaining long social distances and loose social bonds. Within these groups, resources are widely distributed, agonistic encounters are scarce and the dominance hierarchy was reported in males only, while never deeply analysed. In captivity, the possibility to maintain inter-individual distances is limited and part of the resources is not evenly distributed. Consequently, we suggest that agonistic encounters should be more frequent, leading to the establishment of the dominance hierarchy. Based on the differences in resource-holding potential, we suggested that the rank of an individual would be affected by age and sex. Based on hypotheses of prior ownership, we tested whether rank was positively affected by the time spent in a herd and whether it was stable in adult females, which were present long-term in the same herd. We originally monitored four herds of Rothschild giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildii) in Dvůr Králové zoo (n = 8), Liberec zoo (n = 6), and two herds in Prague zoo: Prague 1 (n = 8) and Prague 2 (n = 9). The Prague 1 and Prague 2 herds were then combined and the resulting fifth herd was observed over three consecutive years (2009, 2010, and 2011) (n = 14, 13, and 14, respectively). We revealed a significantly linear hierarchy in Dvůr Králové, Prague 2 and in the combined herd in Prague. Rank was significantly affected by age in all herds; older individuals dominated the younger ones. In females, rank was positively affected by the time spent in the herd and adult females in Prague maintained their rank during three consecutive years. This study represents the first analysis of the dominance hierarchy in the captive giraffe, and discusses the behavioural flexibility of the social structure in response to monopolisable resources in a captive environment.
THE SPECTRAL SENSIBILITY OF THE SUN-FISH AS EVIDENCE FOR A DOUBLE VISUAL SYSTEM

1. An extension of a previously described method makes possible the measurement of the visibility function of Lepomis at high intensities of spectral illumination. This is accomplished by determining the relative energies of various spectral beams which will just produce a visual orienting response by the animal to the movement of a pattern composed of fine lines. 2. The function so determined is different from that obtained with a pattern composed of wide bars and spaces at a lower intensity level. 3. This difference furnishes direct and quantitative proof that the eye of Lepomis is a physiologically duplex visual system and parallels the known anatomical distinctions between the rods and cones. 4. A comparison of the visibility curves of the two systems indicates that both functions are similar in shape but that the cone curve is shifted to the red. 5. It is suggested that this relation between the two systems, which is also found in the human and the fowl, indicates that the photosensory substance is the same in each case for the rods and cones. According to this hypothesis, the shift of the cone curve is due to a common physical cause which depends on differences in the properties of the solvent media in the cones and in the rods.
B2C e-commerce in Malaysia: Perceived Characteristics of Innovating and trust perspective

This paper examines the acceptance of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce in a developing country. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to explain B2C e-commerce adoption among Malaysian consumers based on Perceived Characteristics of Innovating (PCI) theory integrated with Trust. The findings indicate that perceived ease of use, result demonstrability, compatibility and relative advantage are strong predictors of consumers' intention to use e-commerce in Malaysia. Surprisingly, perceived trust has weaker impact on consumers' intention to use e-commerce in Malaysia compared to the other independent constructs. Based on the findings, we offer key research, practice and policy implications.
Analysis of Number of Players Involved in Rebound Situations in Euroleague Basketball Games

The aim of the present study was to identify the influence of number of players involved in dispute of rebound in basketball games.To do so, 48 games corresponding to the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed.The sample was composed of 2170 situations (unsuccessful field-goals gathered which generate rebound), and the analyzed variables were: i)situations of equal number of 1, 2 and 3 players from offense and defense in rebound; ii) situations of superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players for defense; iii) situations of superiority of 1 player for offense; iv) all situations of supe- riority and inferiority in offense and defensive rebounds. The results of the present study showed that: i) when the number of players is equal, defense had no statistically significant more rebounds than offense; ii) when defense had superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players, it had statistically significant more rebounds than offense; iii) when offense had superiority of 1 player, it had statistically significant more rebounds than defense; iv) situations of superiority had statistically significant more rebounds than inferiority. Coaches and researches should be aware of this kind of information to enhance practices and games performance.
The Logic of Fashion Cycles

Many cultural traits exhibit volatile dynamics, commonly dubbed fashions or fads. Here we show that realistic fashion-like dynamics emerge spontaneously if individuals can copy others' preferences for cultural traits as well as traits themselves. We demonstrate this dynamics in simple mathematical models of the diffusion, and subsequent abandonment, of a single cultural trait which individuals may or may not prefer. We then simulate the coevolution between many cultural traits and the associated preferences, reproducing power-law frequency distributions of cultural traits (most traits are adopted by few individuals for a short time, and very few by many for a long time), as well as correlations between the rate of increase and the rate of decrease of traits (traits that increase rapidly in popularity are also abandoned quickly and vice versa). We also establish that alternative theories, that fashions result from individuals signaling their social status, or from individuals randomly copying each other, do not satisfactorily reproduce these empirical observations.
Validation of Brain Angiotensin System Blockade as a Novel Drug Target in Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract Retreat in psychiatric drug development results in innovative medication decline that might be at least partially overcome by adjunct therapy. New evidence from clinical studies has shown a possible role for brain Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in both affective and psychotic disorders. Simultaneously, rapidly accumulating data from basic studies indicate effectiveness of central RAS blockade in much broader range of neuropsychiatric disease. Recent findings implicate brain RAS, especially Angiotensin II (Ang II), in neural pathophysiology of mental disorders through neuroendocrine modulation and effects on neurotransmitter release, mostly noradrenaline, acetylcholine and dopamine. The potential effects of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibition and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade on treatment of mental disorders are a matter of considerable interest. This review describes involvement of brain RAS in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and an intriguing possibilities of improvement in pharmacological treatment outcome, where using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB), goes beyond blood pressure control.
Encoding spatial information in the waggle dance

SUMMARY Apis mellifera bees execute waggle dances to recruit other bees to desirable food sources. Several components of the waggle dance are correlated with the direction of and the distance to food. Moreover, recruits use the spatial information encoded in the dance to locate the signalled food. However, although dance communication has been studied extensively, little is known about how the dancers combine the compass (direction) and the odometric (distance) information they acquire during the foraging flight. In the present study, we analysed the encoding of spatial information in the waggle dance by manipulating the navigational information provided to dancing bees. To this end, we took advantage of the bees' visually driven odometer. We found that the waggle dance basically encodes information on the distance gauged during the outbound (hive-to-food) flight. However, it does not necessarily refer to a global vector based on path integration of the outbound flight. Whenever the direction connecting the subjective food location and the hive does not match the direction of the global vector, dancers refer to a direction close to that of the shortcut connecting the actual food location and the hive. Moreover, in our experiments, this direction was close to that of the inbound (food-to-hive) flight, indicating that landmark-based information is computed during the inbound flight and that it may strongly affect the encoding of directional information in the waggle dance. Moreover, we found that the bees' experience of the terrain modulates the encoding of spatial information in the waggle dance, suggesting that interactions between path integration and visual landmarks are computed in the context of dance communication.
Chitosanases from Family 46 of Glycoside Hydrolases: From Proteins to Phenotypes

Chitosanases, enzymes that catalyze the endo-hydrolysis of glycolytic links in chitosan, are the subject of numerous studies as biotechnological tools to generate low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) or chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) from native, high molecular weight chitosan. Glycoside hydrolases belonging to family GH46 are among the best-studied chitosanases, with four crystallography-derived structures available and more than forty enzymes studied at the biochemical level. They were also subjected to numerous site-directed mutagenesis studies, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of hydrolysis. This review is focused on the taxonomic distribution of GH46 proteins, their multi-modular character, the structure-function relationships and their biological functions in the host organisms.