Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COMPATIBILITY OF READING EXERCISES WITH BLOOM’S REVISED TAXONOMY AND 2013 CURRICULUM (A Case of English Textbook Entitled BahasaInggrisfor Grade XI Published by Department of National Education 2014)

This study is aimed at identifying the cognitive processes and knowledge dimension of the Revised Bloom Taxonomy involved in the reading exercises; determining how the Lower Order Thinking Skills and Higher Order Thinking Skills are realized through the reading exercises; and determining how the reading exercisesin the textbook are compatible with 2013 curriculum. The English textbook being analysed is “BAHASA INGGRIS” for grade XI published by the Department of National Education 2014. The results concluded that (1) there are only three cognitive processes found: Remember, Understand and Evaluate, indicate that the reading exercises are not in hierarchical order. (2) There are two knowledge dimensions found: factual knowledge and metacognitive knowledgeimplythat the knowledge dimension offered is not varied. (3) The reading materials promote more Lower Order Thinking Skills than Higher Order Thinking Skills. (4) The reading exercises in the textbook is less compatible with 2013 curriculum. Each chapter presents only one reading text and it lacks of information on the generic structure and the linguistics features of the related text. A textbook should not only be compatible with the current curriculum, but also have a characteristic of cognitive development and critical thinking.
The Variations and Trends of MODIS C5 & C6 Products' Errors in the Recent Decade over the Background and Urban Areas of North China

With ten-year (2004–2013) ground-based observations of Beijing Forest (BJF) and Beijing City (BJC) sites in North China, we validated the high-quality MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 5 (C5) and Collection 6 (C6) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products’ precision and discussed the sensors degradation issues. The annual mean AOD and Angstrom exponent (α) were 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.83 ± 0.15 in the background over the past ten years, and they were 0.59 ± 0.07 and 1.13 ± 0.08 in the urban, respectively. Ground-based AOD had both slightly declining trends, with variations of 0.023 and 0.057 over the past decade in the background and urban, respectively. There were large differences among the eight kinds of MODIS AOD products (Terra vs. Aqua, C5 vs. C6, DT (Deep Target) vs. DB (Deep Blue), and DTDB in the background and urban areas), but all the products’ monthly errors had larger variations in the spring and summer, and smaller ones in the autumn and winter. In the background, more than 62% of DT matchups for C5 and C6 products were within NASA’s expected error (EE) envelope. In the urban, 69%~72% of C6 DB retrievals were falling within EE envelope. The new dataset named C6 DTDB had better performance in the background, whereas it overestimated by 37%~41% in the urban caused by surface reflectivity estimation error. The range of monthly average error varied from −0.21 to 0.28 in the background and from −0.63 to 0.48 in the urban. From the background to the urban areas, the retrieval errors of Terra and Aqua had slightly increased by 0.0023~0.0158 and 0.0011~0.0124 per year, respectively, which implied that the two MODIS instruments had degraded slowly.
BEHAVIORAL PORTFOLIO SELECTION IN CONTINUOUS TIME

This paper formulates and studies a general continuous‐time behavioral portfolio selection model under Kahneman and Tversky's (cumulative) prospect theory, featuring S‐shaped utility (value) functions and probability distortions. Unlike the conventional expected utility maximization model, such a behavioral model could be easily mis‐formulated (a.k.a. ill‐posed) if its different components do not coordinate well with each other. Certain classes of an ill‐posed model are identified. A systematic approach, which is fundamentally different from the ones employed for the utility model, is developed to solve a well‐posed model, assuming a complete market and general Itô processes for asset prices. The optimal terminal wealth positions, derived in fairly explicit forms, possess surprisingly simple structure reminiscent of a gambling policy betting on a good state of the world while accepting a fixed, known loss in case of a bad one. An example with a two‐piece CRRA utility is presented to illustrate the general results obtained, and is solved completely for all admissible parameters. The effect of the behavioral criterion on the risky allocations is finally discussed.
Observing health professionals' workflow patterns for diabetes care - First steps towards an ontology for EHR services

Increasing the flexibility from a user-perspective and enabling a workflow based interaction, facilitates an easy user-friendly utilization of EHRs for healthcare professionals' daily work. To offer such versatile EHR-functionality, our approach is based on the execution of clinical workflows by means of a composition of semantic web-services. The backbone of such architecture is an ontology which enables to represent clinical workflows and facilitates the selection of suitable services. In this paper we present the methods and results after running observations of diabetes routine consultations which were conducted in order to identify those workflows and the relation among the included tasks. Mentioned workflows were first modeled by BPMN and then generalized. As a following step in our study, interviews will be conducted with clinical personnel to validate modeled workflows.
Infinitely many positive solutions for the nonlinear Shcrodinger equations in $R^N$

We consider the following nonlinear problem in $\R^N$ $$\label{eq} - \Delta u +V(|y|)u=u^{p},\quad u>0 {in} \R^N, u \in H^1(\R^N) $$ where $V(r)$ is a positive function, $1 0$, $m>1$, $\theta>0$, and $V_0>0$, such that \[ V(r)= V_0+\frac a {r^m} +O\bigl(\frac1{r^{m+\theta}}\bigr),\quad \text{as $r\to +\infty$,} \] then \eqref{eq} has {\bf infinitely many non-radial positive} solutions, whose energy can be made arbitrarily large.
Insider Perspective: Attitude and Motivational Orientation among Heritage Learners of Japanese

This study investigates the attitudes and motivational orientations of heritage learners of Japanese. Twenty-seven students enrolled in Japanese classes in colleges and universities in the Philadelphia area participated in this study. Participants fell into two categories: heritage learners (N=6) and foreign language learners (N=21). Data was collected through an online questionnaire consisting of both quantitative and qualitative sections. Descriptive statistics were used to determine participants’ attitudes toward Japanese language, people, and culture and primary motivational orientations toward learning Japanese. The Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the effect of heritage status on attitude and motivational orientation. Results show both groups of learners generally have positive attitudes, though heritage learners tended to enjoy studying Japanese less than their counterparts without familial or cultural connection to the target language. Based on the findings and my personal experience, recommendations are made language instructors of Japanese to address the unique needs of heritage learners.
An Evolutionary Model for Submillimeter Galaxies

We calculate multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from simulations of major galaxy mergers with black hole feedback that produce submillimeter bright galaxies (SMGs), using the self-consistent three-dimensional radiative transfer code RADISHE. These calculations allow us to predict multiwavelength correlations for this important class of galaxies. We review star formation rates, the time evolution of the 850 μm fluxes, along with the time evolution of the MBH − M⋆ relation of the SMGs formed in the mergers. We reproduce correlations for local AGNs observed in Spitzer Space Telescope's IRAC bands, and make definitive predictions for infrared X-ray correlations. Our dynamical approach allows us to directly correlate observed clustering in the data as seen in IRAC color-color plots with the relative amount of time the system spends in a region of color-color space. We also find that this clustering is positively correlated with the stars dominating in their contribution to the total bolometric luminosity. We compare our calculated SEDs to observations of SMGs and find good agreement. We introduce a simple, heuristic classification scheme which we present in terms of the LIR/LX ratios of these galaxies, which may be interpreted as an evolutionary scheme, as these galaxies evolve in LIR/LX while transiting from a X-ray underluminous infrared bright phase (class I, LIR/LX≳ 100), through a quasar phase (class II, LIR/LX ∼ 25), to a merger remnant (class III, LIR/LX≲ 10). We find that SMGs are a broader class of systems than starbursts or quasars, traversing the range from class I to class II systems.
Karnaugh map-aided combinational logic design approach with bistable molecular reactions

This paper presents an approach for designing combinational logic based on bistable molecular reactions. This design approach is universal and can be easily applied to general combinational logic no matter what the required Boolean function is. This method is developed by uncovering the bijective relationship between Karnaugh map (K-map), which completely described the Boolean function, and bistable molecular reactions. Those reactions can be further simplified with the help of K-map. Based on the proposed method, a complete set of 2-input logic gates is implemented. Also, the chemical reaction network for 3-to-1 encoder is designed in the same manner. Simulation results based on chemical kinetics have verified the validity, accuracy, robustness, and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Corticosterone impairs dendritic cell maturation and function

Dendritic cells (DC) play a critical role in initiating and directing adaptive immune responses against pathogens and tumours. Immature DC are thought to act as sentinels in peripheral tissues where their main function is to capture antigen at sites of infection, whereas mature DC are highly efficient at priming T‐cell‐mediated immune responses against infectious pathogens. The DC maturation process is thought to be an important step in the efficient generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). It is well established that many aspects of immune function, including CTL‐mediated antiviral immunity, are modulated by neuroendocrine‐derived products. Corticosterone (CORT), an adrenal hormone produced at increased concentrations during a stress response, has been shown to play a role in impaired CTL responses in stressed animals, leading to high mortality in mice normally resistant to viral infection. While direct effects of neuroendocrine mediators on CTL have been studied, little is known about their effects on DC that are critical for CTL priming. Here, we found that physiologically relevant concentrations of CORT, acting via the glucocorticoid receptor, functionally compromise DC maturation. DC exposed to CORT remained phenotypically and functionally immature after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and were impaired for the production of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐12, and tumour necrosis factor‐α. These effects were biologically significant, as CORT treatment resulted in a marked reduction in the ability of DC to prime naive CD8+ T cells in vivo. These findings offer a potential mechanism underlying stress‐associated immunosuppression.
Susceptibility to discourse/semantic factors: An experimental approach to short-distance pronouns and logophoric reflexives

We present two experiments testing (i) the idea that “source-of-information” referents can antecede BT-incompatible reflexives in picture-NPs (Kuno 1987), and (ii) the observation that “perceiver-of-information” referents can antecede BT-incompatible pronouns (see Tenny 2003). The results show that discourse/semantic factors interact with BT, but affect pronouns with local antecedents more than reflexives with non-local antecedents.
The Role of Emotions in a Model of Behavioral Intentions of Visitors to the Gaudí Historic House Museums in Barcelona, Spain

ABSTRACT This study examined an integrated model of behavioral intentions toward historic house museums, through the simultaneous relationships among visitors' perceptions of the historic house museum, crowding, interactions with employees, emotions about their visit, intention to revisit the museum and recommend it to others, and the moderator effect of price fairness. Seven hundred thirty-six visitors were surveyed after visiting La Pedrera and Casa Batlló, the historic house museums of the architect Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona. The results from a structural equation model indicate that visitors' perception of the historic house museum (i.e., their appreciation of the houses' architecture, aesthetic quality, artistic work, and accessibility), visitors' positive interactions with employees, and low levels of crowding are antecedents of positive emotions, and visitors' positive emotions about their visit are a predictor of intentions to revisit and recommend the museum to others. In addition, price fairness was tested as a moderator effect using multigroup analysis. This analysis consists of comparing two subsamples of visitors, which were selected according to whether they believe the admission price is fair or unfair. The effect between perceptions of the historic house museum and positive emotions, and the effect of positive emotions on behavioral intentions is greater for visitors who found the price fair than for those who found the price unfair. The results lead to recommendations for cultural heritage managers.
Direct Perturbations of Aggregate Excess Demand

We complement the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu results by establishing that an exchange economy, i.e., preferences and endowments, that generates a given aggregate excess demand (AED) function is close to the economy that generates a perturbation of this AED. As a consequence, genericity and determinacy results obtained by direct perturbation of an AED are as strong as results obtained by perturbing preferences and endowments.
Semi-invasive EM attack on FPGA RO PUFs and countermeasures

It is often argued that Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are resistant against invasive and semi-invasive attacks since these attacks would damage the underlying PUF structure resulting in a different PUF response. In this paper, we demonstrate exemplarily that this assumption does not hold for a Ring Oscillator (RO) PUF implemented on a Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA, where we were able to perform a semi-invasive attack. We present analysis methods to identify ring oscillator frequencies and to map them to their corresponding oscillators. We practically prove that it is possible to recover the generated RO PUF response bits with this approach. To harden RO PUFs against side-channel analysis, we also propose a RO PUF concept not leaking useful information through the side-channel of electro-magnetic radiation.
Quasar Clustering and the Lifetime of Quasars

Although the population of luminous quasars rises and falls over a period of ~109 yr, the typical lifetime of individual quasars is uncertain by several orders of magnitude. We show that quasar clustering measurements can substantially narrow the range of possible lifetimes, with the assumption that luminous quasars reside in the most massive host halos. If quasars are long-lived, then they are rare phenomena that are highly biased with respect to the underlying dark matter, while if they are short-lived they reside in more typical halos that are less strongly clustered. For a given quasar lifetime, we calculate the minimum host halo mass by matching the observed space density of quasars, using the Press-Schechter approximation. We use the results of Mo & White to calculate the clustering of these halos, and hence of the quasars they contain, as a function of quasar lifetime. A lifetime of tQ = 4 × 107 yr, the e-folding timescale of an Eddington luminosity black hole with accretion efficiency ϵ = 0.1, corresponds to a quasar correlation length of r0 ≈ 10 h-1 Mpc in low-density cosmological models at z = 2-3; this value is consistent with current clustering measurements, but these have large uncertainties. High-precision clustering measurements from the Two-Degree Field (2dF) and Sloan quasar surveys will test our key assumption of a tight correlation between quasar luminosity and host halo mass, and if this assumption holds, then they should determine tQ to a factor of 3 or better. An accurate determination of the quasar lifetime will show whether supermassive black holes acquire most of their mass during high-luminosity accretion, and it will show whether the black holes in the nuclei of typical nearby galaxies were once the central engines of high-luminosity quasars.
An Assessment of the Accuracy of Automatic Evaluation in Summarization

Automatic evaluation has greatly facilitated system development in summarization. At the same time, the use of automatic evaluation has been viewed with mistrust by many, as its accuracy and correct application are not well understood. In this paper we provide an assessment of the automatic evaluations used for multi-document summarization of news. We outline our recommendations about how any evaluation, manual or automatic, should be used to find statistically significant differences between summarization systems. We identify the reference automatic evaluation metrics---ROUGE 1 and 2---that appear to best emulate human pyramid and responsiveness scores on four years of NIST evaluations. We then demonstrate the accuracy of these metrics in reproducing human judgements about the relative content quality of pairs of systems and present an empirical assessment of the relationship between statistically significant differences between systems according to manual evaluations, and the difference according to automatic evaluations. Finally, we present a case study of how new metrics should be compared to the reference evaluation, as we search for even more accurate automatic measures.
Mobile and Nonmobile Assessment in Organizations: Does Proctoring Make a Difference?

Advancements in technology have allowed for more efficient methods of testing and assessment. In particular, remotely delivered assessments can be taken on mobile or nonmobile devices in addition to traditional pencil and paper tests. This has led to an increased interest in the comparability of mobile and nonmobile devices on performance outcomes. A variable to consider in performance outcomes on a mobile or nonmobile device is proctoring. There is evidence for both proctored and unproctored conditions leading to better performance outcomes. The present study compared performance on a remotely delivered assessment across mobile and nonmobile devices in proctored and unproctored conditions. Participants were randomly assigned to take a remotely delivered cognitive ability test on either a mobile or nonmobile device in a proctored or unproctored condition. Results indicated that participants tended to perform similarly regardless of the device type or proctoring. Implications are that organizations should consider testing job applicants via mobile devices because performance on a high stakes assessment tends to be similar to testing on a traditional desktop or laptop. Further validation of these results could allow companies to reduce hiring costs by remotely delivering assessments to applicants’ own devices.
Air mass origins influencing TTL chemical composition over West Africa during 2006 summer monsoon

Trace gas and aerosol data collected in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) between 12–18.5 km by the M55 Geophysica aircraft as part of the SCOUT-AMMA campaign over West Africa during the summer monsoon in August 2006 have been analysed in terms of their air mass origins. Analysis of domain filling back trajectories arriving over West Africa, and in the specific region of the flights, showed that the M55 flights were generally representative of air masses arriving over West Africa during the first 2 weeks of August, 2006. Air originating from the mid-latitude lower stratosphere was under-sampled (in the mid-upper TTL) whilst air masses uplifted from central Africa (into the lower TTL) were over-sampled in the latter part of the campaign. Signatures of recent (previous 10 days) origins were superimposed on the large-scale westerly flow over West Africa. In the lower TTL, air masses were impacted by recent local deep convection over Africa at the level of main convective outflow (350 K, 200 hPa) and on certain days up to 370 K (100 hPa). Estimates of the fraction of air masses influenced by local convection vary from 10 to 50% depending on the method applied and from day to day during the campaign. The analysis shows that flights on 7, 8 and 11 August were more influenced by local convection than on 4 and 13 August allowing separation of trace gas and aerosol measurements into ''convective'' and ''non-convective'' flights. Strong signatures, particularly in short-lived species like CO, NO and fine-mode aerosols were seen during flights most influenced by convection up to 350–365 K. Observed profiles were also constantly perturbed by uplift (as high as 39%) of air masses from the mid to lower troposphere over Asia, India, and oceanic regions resulting in import of clean oceanic (e.g., O3-poor) or polluted air masses from Asia (high O3, CO, CO2) into West Africa. Thus, recent uplift of CO2 over Asia may contribute to the observed positive CO2 gradients in the TTL over West Africa. This suggests a more significant fraction of younger air masses in the TTL making it difficult to derive mean age of air from average gradients. Transport of air masses from the mid-latitude lower stratosphere had an impact from the mid-TTL upwards (20–40% above 370 K) during the campaign period importing air masses with high O3 and NOy. Ozone profiles show a less pronounced lower TTL minimum than observed previously by regular ozonesondes at other tropical locations. Concentrations are less than 100 ppbv in the lower TTL and vertical gradients less steep than in the upper TTL. The air mass origin analysis and simulations of in-situ net photochemical O3 production, initialised with observations, suggest that the lower TTL is significantly impacted by uplift of O3 precursors (over Africa and Asia) leading to positive production rates (up to 2 ppbv per day) in the lower and mid TTL even at moderate NOx levels. Photochemical O3 production increases with higher NOx and H2O in air masses with O3 less than 150 ppbv.