Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Follower Regulatory Focus and Extraversion on Leadership Behavior: The Role of Emotion

The principle of regulatory fit implies that managers should demonstrate more transformational leadership, and refrain from critical or detached behavior, if their subordinates exhibit a promotion focus or extraverted personality. Furthermore, emotional intelligence should enhance the capacity of managers to adapt their leadership style and accommodate these characteristics of employees. To assess these propositions, 263 pairs of managers and subordinates completed questionnaires that assess the emotional intelligence and leadership style of the manager as well as the regulatory focus and organizational commitment of the subordinate. Critical, detached leadership was especially likely to be inversely related to the commitment of subordinates who demonstrated a promotion focus. Nevertheless, relative to other managers, individuals who reported emotional intelligence were not more likely to demonstrate transformational leadership, or abstain from critical, detached behavior, when their subordinates focused .
Disability and the Life Course: Marginalisation and disability: experiences from the Third World

Destiny, Fate, God, past sins … Call it whatever you will … It is not justified … It would have been better if I'd been allowed to die one day instead of dying everyday. (Lakshmi) This is the voice of a 21-year-old disabled woman living in an urban slum in Delhi, the capital of India. Such voices are more the rule than the exception in my country, where I am existentially located as both an academician and a woman with visible physical impairment. From my vantage point, I have shared the dominant Hindu conceptions but, given the diversity of India, I wish to exercise a note of caution for the reader. Although I outline a common thread in my narrative, one must not discount the discrepancies. India is perceived as the emerging superpower of the Third World, within the paradigm of globalisation and liberalisation. Globalisation has constructed a world that offers open-ended possibilities and new life patterns, like access to information and technology. However, the paradox is that its emphasis on power and profit has systematically dislodged vulnerable groups from access to even basic resources such as food and livelihood. Consequently this transformation of society has a very different meaning for people who have been oppressed because of their gender, class, race, religion, caste, displacement and disability status. As disability cuts across all categories, it has been suggested that it is a global issue, thus implying that its meaning and nuances are universal.
Retrospective study of the relationship between agricultural use of 2,4,5-T and cleft palate occurrence in Arkansas.

The relationship between use of the herbicide 2,4,5-T in Arkansas and the concurrent incidence of facial clefts in children was studied retrospectively. Pertinent animal studies of the toxicity of 2,4,5-T, and related compounds were reviewed; embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, including cleft palate, have been noted in several mammalian species. Although newspaper articles appeared linking defoliant use with increased birth anomalies in South Vietnam in 1969, human epidemiology studies have not established a causal relationship between use of 2,4,5-T and birth defects. We felt that additional information concerning the human problem was needed to complement the experimental animal data, so we analyzed facial cleft rates and concurrent estimated use of 2,4,5-T in Arkansas during 1948-1974. Estimated level of exposure to 2,4,5-T was determined by categorizing the 75 Arkansas counties into high-, medium-, or low-exposure groups on the basis of their rice acreage during 6- or 7-year intervals beginning in 1943. A total of 1,201 cases of cleft lip and/or cleft palate for these 32 years was detected by screening birth certificates and checking the records of the Crippled Children's Services. Facial cleft rates, presented by sex, race, time period, and exposure group, generally rose over time. No significant differences were found for any race or sex combination. We believe that the general increase seen in facial cleft incidence in the high and low-exposure groups is attributable to better case finding rather than maternal exposure to 2,4,5-T.
Sex differences in marital satisfaction and happiness: the contribrution of children, attractiveness, and financial status

SEX DIFFERENCES IN MARITAL SATISFACTION AND HAPPINESS: THE CONTRIBRUTION OF CHILDREN, ATTRACTIVENESS, AND FINANCIAL STATUS by LISA MARIE DILLON May 2012 Advisor: Dr. Glenn Weisfeld Major: Psychology (Cognitive, Developmental, and Social Psychology) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Though numerous studies in the evolutionary psychology literature have investigated how humans select mates in order to successfully reproduce and raise progeny to reproductive maturity, few have examined if factors involved in mate selection matter in marital satisfaction and individual happiness. Being youthful and attractive are indices of reproductive viability and are traits preferred by men universally while women are most known to prefer a mate of high financial status (Buss, 1989), thus underscoring the importance of a male’s ability to offer financial investment to potential mates. In addition, women are more likely to evaluate the parental ability of potential long-term mates (Kruger & Fisher, 2003). If reproduction is the unconscious end goal, positive aspects of child quality should be important to parents because children represent the reproductive success individuals have been able to achieve, though the presence and number of children have documented detrimental effects on marital satisfaction (Twenge, Campbell, & Foster, 2003). The present study sought to analyze how information related to child quality, their happiness, spousal attractiveness,
Killing Like a Girl: Gendered Gaming and Girl Gamers' Visibility

Approaches to gender and computer gaming have been dominated by textual and content analysis at the expense of broader understandings of gaming. This paper examines computer games through gendered game content, game spaces and activities. The paper suggests that despite the popular stereotype of the computer gamer as an antisocial male teenager, there is increasing evidence of female gaming. This suggests the need to examine the relationship between gender and this activity in greater depth and within everyday contexts. The authors examine the possibility of computer gaming as a potential site for challenging dominant gender stereotypes, relating this to the production and consumption of contemporary leisure.
Disposition of radiolabeled imipenem and cilastatin in normal human volunteers

In the first of two successive studies, four healthy male subjects received 500 mg of 14C-labeled imipenem alone and together with 500 mg of unlabeled cilastatin sodium. In the second study, the same subjects were given 250 mg of 14C-labeled cilastatin sodium alone and together with 250 and 1,000 mg of cold imipenem. Concentrations of imipenem and cilastatin in plasma, urine, and feces were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and radiometry. Plasma concentrations of imipenem assayed radiometrically were higher than those measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In one subject studied at the end of drug administration, the open lactam metabolite of imipenem represented 9% of the radioactivity. Plasma levels of cilastatin determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and radiometry were virtually identical. Urinary recovery of imipenem varied between 12 and 42% of the dose when that drug was given alone but increased to between 64 and 75% when administered with cilastatin sodium at a 1:1 ratio. Almost all radioactivity of imipenem was recovered in the urine within 96 h after drug administration. The open lactam metabolite, resulting from the metabolism of imipenem in the kidneys by a dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase-I, represented 80 to 90% of the effluent radioactivity when imipenem was given alone and about 20% when cilastatin sodium was coadministered. Renal excretion of cilastatin followed closely that of imipenem. Almost all of the administered radioactivity was recovered in 24 h, and about 75% of the dose was recovered as unchanged cilastatin within 6 h. The N-acetyl metabolite of cilastatin was found to represent about 12% of the total radioactivity.
Attending to the outcome of others: disadvantageous inequity aversion in male capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Brosnan and de Waal [Nature 425:297–299, 2003] reported that capuchin monkeys responded negatively to unequal reward distributions between themselves and another individual when comparing their own rewards with that of their partner. It was suggested that social emotions provided the underlying motivation for such behavior and that this inequity aversion is specific to the social domain. However, alternative hypotheses such as the “frustration effect” or the “food expectation hypothesis” may provide more parsimonious explanations for Brosnan and de Waal's [Nature 425:297–299] results, while others have argued that these findings are not congruent with the Fehr–Schmidt inequity aversion model cited by the authors. The claim that inequity aversion behavior is specific to the social domain has also been questioned, as primates also develop expectations about rewards in the absence of partners, and react negatively when those expectations are violated. In this study, a modified Dictator game was used to investigate whether capuchins would exhibit either disadvantageous inequity aversion behavior or reference‐dependent expectancy violation in social and nonsocial conditions, respectively. When given the choice between an equitable and an inequitable outcome, the subjects showed disadvantageous inequity aversion behavior, choosing the equitable outcome significantly more in the social condition. In the nonsocial condition, however, subjects did not show negative expectancy violation resulting from the formation of reference‐dependent expectations, choosing the equitable outcome at chance levels. These results suggest that capuchins attend to differential payoffs and that they are averse to inequity, which is disadvantageous to themselves. Am. J. Primatol. 70:901–905, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding Social Media

"Understanding Social Media provides a critical and timely conceptual toolbox for navigating the evolution and practices of social media. Taking an interdisciplinary and intercultural approach, this book provides a clear and concise explanation of the key concepts but also goes beyond specific brands, sites and practices to show readers how to place social media more critically within the changing media and cultural landscape. As an aid to understanding, key concepts in each chapter are illustrated by case studies to give real-world examples of theory in action. Cutting across the many dimensions of social media, from the political, economic and visual, this book explores the industries, ideologies and cultural practices that are increasingly becoming part of global popular culture. This book is essential reading for students of media studies and cultural studies. "
Population structure attributable to reproductive time: isolation by time and adaptation by time

Many populations are composed of a mixture of individuals that reproduce at different times, and these times are often heritable. Under these conditions, gene flow should be limited between early and late reproducers, even within populations having a unimodal temporal distribution of reproductive activity. This temporal restriction on gene flow might be called ‘isolation by time’ (IBT) to acknowledge its analogy with isolation by distance (IBD). IBD and IBT are not exactly equivalent, however, owing to differences between dispersal in space and dispersal in time. We review empirical studies of natural populations that provide evidence for IBT based on heritabilities of reproductive time and on molecular genetic differences associated with reproductive time. When IBT is present, variation in selection through the reproductive season may lead to adaptive temporal variation in phenotypic traits [adaptation by time (ABT)]. We introduce a novel theoretical model that shows how ABT increases as (i) selection on the trait increases; (ii) environmental influences on reproductive time decrease; (iii) the heritability of reproductive time increases; and (iv) the temporal distribution of reproductive activity becomes increasingly uniform. We then review empirical studies of natural populations that provide evidence for ABT by documenting adaptive temporal clines in phenotypic traits. The best evidence for IBT and ABT currently comes from salmonid fishes and flowering plants, but we expect that future work will show these processes are more widespread.
Towards personalised, gamified systems: an investigation into game design, personality and player typologies

With the rise of Gamification, the boundaries between play and games on the one hand, and everyday life on the other are being challenged, and as a result game play is entering the realm of everyday life. We believe that with the breakdown of this dichotomy and with the increasing presence of game elements in everyday life in the form of Gamification, there are more factors such as users intrinsic motivation, agenda, learning preferences and personality that should be considered in the design of gamified systems. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between player types, and personality types and traits. By way of investigating pre-existing player type models as well as personality traits and types models, we have identified possible relationships between these two areas of research, and in that, between the realm of games, and the realm of the everyday. As a result, we propose a table identifying these possible relationships between player types, personality types and traits, and game elements and game mechanics and discuss how this connection may impact the design of gamified systems and offer insight towards more user orientated design objectives.
Selective data buffering module for unified hybrid storage system

A new design methodology is aggressively considered on conventional memory hierarchy structure because of newly emerging non-volatile memory technologies. This paper presents a unified single memory structure that merges existing main memory layer and secondary storage layer together. This structure eliminates conventional page swap operations causing significant performance degradation and supports fast program execution time. The unified single memory structure consists of a selective data buffering module and a hybrid array of PCM (phase change memory) and NAND Flash storage. This hybrid array of non-volatile memories is formed as a single memory-disk integrated storage space which can be logically divided into static and dynamic spaces. This research is to design a selective data buffering structure to reduce asymmetric read/write latencies and increase the lifetime of hybrid storage based on PCM and NAND Flash. The proposed structure is compared with the interfacing adapter structure of the memory-disk integrated system. Experimental results show that the hit rate of the selective data buffering structure increases by 90.5%, compared with the NVPO under the memory-disk integrated system [10], which shows 76.9% hit rate. The access latency is also improved by around 20.6%.
Knee Posture Predicted from Subchondral Apparent Density in the Distal Femur: An Experimental Validation

Spatial patterning in the apparent density of subchondral bone can be used to discriminate between species that differ in their joint loading conditions. This study provides an experimental test of two hypotheses that relate aspects of subchondral apparent density patterns to joint loading conditions. First, the region of maximum subchondral apparent density (RMD) will correspond to differences in joint posture at the time of peak locomotor loads; and second, differences in maximum density between individuals will correspond to differences in exercise level. These hypotheses were tested using three age‐matched samples of juvenile sheep. Two groups of five sheep were exercised, at moderate walking speeds, twice daily for 45 days on a treadmill with either a 0% or 15% grade. The remaining sheep were not exercised. Sheep walking on the inclined treadmill used more flexed knee postures than those in the level walking group at the time of peak vertical ground reaction forces. Kinematic measurements of knee posture were compared with knee postures estimated from the spatial position of the RMD on the medial femoral condyle. Our results show that the difference in the position of the RMD between the incline and level walking groups corresponded to the difference in knee postures obtained kinematically; however, exercised and nonexercised sheep did not differ in the magnitude of apparent density. These results suggest that patterns of subchondral apparent density are good indicators of the experimental modifications in joint posture during locomotion and may, therefore, be used to investigate differences between species in habitual joint loading. Anat Rec, 291:293–302, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell lineage analysis of the avian neural crest.

Neural crest cells migrate extensively and give rise to diverse cell types, including cells of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. A major unanswered question concerning the neural crest is when and how the neural crest cells become determined to adopt a particular fate. We have explored the developmental potential of trunk neural crest cells in avian embryos by microinjecting a vital dye, lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD), into individual cells within the dorsal neural tube. We find that premigratory and emigrating neural crest cells give rise to descendants with distinct phenotypes in multiple neural crest derivatives. These results are consistent with the idea that neural crest cells are multipotent prior to their emigration from the neural tube and become restricted in phenotype after emigration from the neural tube either during their migration or at their sites of localization. To determine whether neural crest cells become restricted during their migration, we have microinjected individual trunk neural crest cells with dye shortly after they leave the neural tube or as they migrate through the somite. We find that a majority of the clones derived from migrating neural crest cells appear to be multipotent; individual migrating neural crest cells gave rise to both sensory and sympathetic neurons, as well as cells with the morphological characteristics of Schwann cells, and other non-neuronal cells. Even those clones contributing to only one neural crest derivative often contained both neurofilament-positive and neurofilament-negative cells. These data demonstrate that migrating trunk neural crest cells, like their premigratory progenitors, can be multipotent. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thyroid hormone and vitamin D regulate VGF expression and promoter activity

The Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) survives winter by decreasing food intake and catabolizing abdominal fat reserves, resulting in a sustained, profound loss of body weight. Hypothalamic tanycytes are pivotal for this process. In these cells, short-winter photoperiods upregulate deiodinase 3, an enzyme that regulates thyroid hormone availability, and downregulate genes encoding components of retinoic acid (RA) uptake and signaling. The aim of the current studies was to identify mechanisms by which seasonal changes in thyroid hormone and RA signaling from tanycytes might ultimately regulate appetite and energy expenditure. proVGF is one of the most abundant peptides in the mammalian brain, and studies have suggested a role for VGF-derived peptides in the photoperiodic regulation of body weight in the Siberian hamster. In silico studies identified possible thyroid and vitamin D response elements in the VGF promoter. Using the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, we demonstrate that RA increases endogenous VGF expression (P<0.05) and VGF promoter activity (P<0.0001). Similarly, treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased endogenous VGF mRNA expression (P<0.05) and VGF promoter activity (P<0.0001), whereas triiodothyronine (T3) decreased both (P<0.01 and P<0.0001). Finally, intra-hypothalamic administration of T3 blocked the short day-induced increase in VGF expression in the dorsomedial posterior arcuate nucleus of Siberian hamsters. Thus, we conclude that VGF expression is a likely target of photoperiod-induced changes in tanycyte-derived signals and is potentially a regulator of seasonal changes in appetite and energy expenditure.
A suicide research agenda for people from immigrant and refugee backgrounds

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to establish mental health and suicide research priorities for people from immigrant and refugee background in Australia. This article focuses on the data relevant to the development of the suicide research agenda. This study was conducted using Delphi consensus method with two rounds of online questionnaires. A total of 138 and 86 participants, respectively, completed the first and second rounds of survey. Participants were policy makers, service providers, academics, service users, and carer advocates in Australia with expertise in mental health and/or suicide among people from immigrant and refugee backgrounds. Of the total 268 research questions included in the questionnaires, 70 questions about suicide were ranked as essential by over 50% respondents (i.e., the set level of consensus). In particular, research questions regarded as the greatest priority related to access and engagement with suicide prevention services, suicide protective and risk factors compared to populations not from immigrant and refugee backgrounds, and culturally appropriate assessment of suicide risk.
Related Factors of the Quality of Life in Stroke Patients

The related factors of the quality of life (QOL) in stroke patients was identified empirically. The subjects were 254 stroke patients who were discharged and taken follow-up care at the outpatient department. In this model, the physical, psychological, and social status were assumed to affect the QOL. And the social support was assumed to moderate these effects. NIH stroke state, ADL, and IADL were used to measure the physical status. Using CES-D, the psychological status was measured. The social status was defined as the job change after stroke attack. The satisfaction with the care by primary caregivers, significant others, and health professionals was measured as the social support. To identify the effect of the physical, psychological, and social status on the QOL, multiple regression analysis was carried out. The psychological and social status were found to be the significant predictors of the QOL(R2=0.27, p=0.00). Next, to identify the moderating effect of the social support, the subjects were divided into two groups, that is, the low social support group and the high social support group. It is found that the predicting variance is different between these two groups. In the low social support group, the psychological, social, and physical status predicted as much as 42% of the QOL. On the contrary, the psychological status predicted only 8% of the QOL in the high social support group. So it is concluded that the social support moderates the effects of the physical, psychological, and social status on QOL. Finally, to identify the social support which moderates those effects, the social support was divided into three classes. Each social support class was divided into the low and high social support group again. In the every class of social support, the difference between two groups was also identified. So the model of the QOL is recommended for the framework of the care for the stroke patients. Also these results support the claim that the long-term facilities for stroke patients are necessary.