Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge

Introducing Monsieur Foucault, Stephen J. Ball. FOUCAULT AND EDUCATION: Foucault and Educational Research, James D. Marshall Foucault Under Examination - The Crypto-Educationalist Unmasked, Keith Hoskin. HISTORY, POWER AND KNOWLEDGE: The Genealogy of the Urban Schoolteacher, Dave Jones Educational Practices and Scientific Knowledge - A Genealogical Reinterpretation of the Emergence of Physiology in Post-Revolutionary France, Richard Jones Docile Bodies - Commoralities in the History of Psychiatry and Schooling, Ian Dowbiggin and Ivor Goodson. DISCOURSE AND POLITICS: De/Constructing Hegemony - Multicultural Policy and a Populist Response, John Knight et al Management as Moral Technology - A Luddite Analysis, Stephen J. Ball Education and the Right's Discursive Politics - Private Versus State Schooling, Jane Kenway.
‘No pain, no gain’: former elite female gymnasts’ engagements with pain and injury discourses

Abstract This paper investigates former elite female gymnasts’ views and experiences of pain and injury. The purpose of the study was to examine how participants engaged with pain and injury discourses and interrogate the ways in which certain knowledge and practices had become dominant. A Foucaultian theoretical framework underpinned the study, making use of Foucault’s work on discourses, power and resistance. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with seven former elite gymnasts. By analysing the participants’ talk through poststructural discourse analysis, three themes were identified. Firstly, participants’ persistence through pain and injury was due to the desire to compete. Secondly, participants differentiated between ‘good pain’ and ‘bad pain’. Thirdly, participants had a higher tolerance for pain than for injury. This research raises questions about the dominance of a ‘no pain, no gain’ discourse, and the ways in which gymnasts may develop an uncritical acceptance of particular ‘truths’ surrounding pain and injury.
An exploration of the relationship between academic emotions and goal orientations in college students before and after academic outcomes

In this dissertation, the intersection between emotion and motivation was explored. Participants in this study were given a survey at two time points during the semester. Using this data, the factor structure for the motivation construct as described by Elliot and colleagues were explored using a MTMM model. Leading from the measurement model from the CFA, results indicated that emotion and motivation are highly related, but in different ways depending on if the students have had academic feedback. The academic feedback also may change some students’ motivational orientations, based on their emotional reaction. INDEX WORDS: Emotion, Motivation, Goal orientation, Academic achievement AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC EMOTIONS AND GOAL ORIENTATIONS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS BEFORE AND AFTER ACADEMIC OUTCOMES
Current epidemiology of pertussis in the United States.

The incidence of pertussis in the United States decreased rapidly during the 20th century, with the most impressive decreases resulting from the widespread use of DTP vaccine since the late 1940's. As a result of immunization laws, vaccine coverage levels against pertussis at school entry have been greater than 95% since 1980. National surveillance for pertussis done by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) consists of two parts: a weekly telephone reporting system and a written case report system providing more detailed demographic, clinical, and laboratory information. In addition, data on secondary spread of pertussis among household contacts of reported cases were available on a small proportion of reported cases during 1979-1983. During the period 1980-1986, a total of 17,396 cases of pertussis was reported to CDC by weekly telephone reports. The annual incidence of reported pertussis rose during this period from 0.5 cases per 100,000 population to 1.7/100,000. Infants less than 12 months of age had the highest average annual incidence, estimated at 32 cases per 100,000. Children 1-4 years of age accounted for 25% of all cases but had an average annual incidence only 1/7th that of infants. The incidence rates for all age groups increased consistently between 1982 and 1986. The most impressive relative increases occurred among older adolescents and persons 20 years of age and older. In 1986, 10% of reported cases were in this age group compared to only 5% in 1982. Rates of hospitalization and complications such as pneumonia, seizures, and encephalopathy associated with pertussis were highest in children less than 6 months of age and declined progressively with increasing age. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relation of Hemoglobin to Level of Cognitive Function in Older Persons

Background: While decreased hemoglobin concentration is common in the elderly, the relationship of the entire range of hemoglobin concentrations with cognitive function is not well understood. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted utilizing data from community-dwelling, older persons participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Proximate to first available hemoglobin measurement, 21 cognitive tests were administered to measure global cognitive function along with semantic memory, episodic memory, working memory, perceptual speed and visuospatial abilities. Results: For 793 participants without clinical dementia, stroke or Parkinson’s disease, the mean age was 81.0 years (SD = 7.2); 595 (75%) were women, and 94% were white. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 13.3 g/dl (SD = 1.3). 17% of the cohort had anemia. Using linear regression models adjusted for age, education, gender, body mass index, mean corpuscular volume and glomerular filtration rate, both low and high hemoglobin levels were associated with lower global cognitive function (parameter estimate = –0.015, SE = 0.007, p = 0.019). Low and high hemoglobin levels were associated with worse performance on semantic memory (parameter estimate = –0.201, SE = 0.008, p = 0.010) and perceptual speed (parameter estimate = –0.030, SE = 0.010, p = 0.004), but not the other specific cognitive functions. Conclusions: Low and high hemoglobin concentrations in older persons are associated with a lower level of cognitive function in old age, particularly in semantic memory and perceptual speed.
Promoting Fairness in the Workplace: Identifying and Overcoming the Barriers to Managerial Fairness in Organizations

Research examining “justice as a dependent variable” has largely focused on examining the factors that can promote fairness in the workplace whereas significantly less attention has been devoted to understanding the barriers and obstacles that can exist throughout the fairness process. This is an important gap in the literature because the absence of fairness can also have considerable implications for organizations. In this dissertation, I argue that it is important to adopt a “barriers to fairness” approach that sheds more light on how these obstacles can affect managers’ fair behavior. Specifically, I present a typology of the different barriers to fairness managers may experience in the workplace and three manuscripts that contribute to our understanding of the “barriers to fairness” approach. Manuscripts 1 and 2 empirically examine (a) two different barriers (i.e., low trait empathy and ego depletion, respectively) that can significantly affect managers’ enactment of fairness and (b) how these barriers can be overcome using targeted interventions. Manuscript 3 is a theoretical piece that outlines how and when enacting fairness can affect managers at each phase of the fairness process with a specific focus on how enacting fairness can increase managers’ experience of depletion. I conclude with a discussion of the general theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of this dissertation as well as future research directions associated with a “barriers to fairness” approach. Promoting Fairness in the Workplace iv
Relational Self Psychology

Self psychology has evolved beyond Kohut’s original one person psychology into a two person intersubjective theory that we propose can now be best understood as belonging to, and developing through interaction with, the broad spectrum of theories that come under the umbrella of Relationality, which are characterized by some form of bi-directionality and mutual influence. Key to this development has been the restoration of the selfobject from psychic function to personhood with its own subjectivity upon which the patient can have and recognize an impact. Kohut’s conception of the therapeutic action of the acknowledging and repair of empathic failure can be expanded and enriched by relational ideas of mutual recognition, impact, complementarity, and the Third. Inputs from recent theoretical and experimental developments in the theories of attachment, dynamic systems, and trauma have also contributed to the evolution of what we believe is now a fully Relational Self Psychology.
immunocytochemical localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in lewis lung carcinoma

The invasively growing and metasizing Lewis lung carcinoma consistently contained urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) enzyme activity. When investigated immunocytochemically with antibodies against u-PA, different parts of individual tumors showed a pronounced heterogeneity in staining intensity. Strong staining was found in areas with invasive growth and degradation of surrounding normal tissue, while other areas were completely devoid of staining. Immunoreactivity occurred both with a perinuclear cytoplasmic localization in tumor cells and associated with apparently extracellular material. SDS PAGE of tumor extracts, under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, followed by immunoblotting, showed only one immunocytochemically stainable band with an electrophoretic mobility corresponding to that of purified proenzyme to u-PA, while no two-chain u-PA was detected. This indicates that the major part of the activator in Lewis lung carcinoma is present as one-chain pro-u-PA.
Decreases in Brain Reward Function Reflect Nicotine- and Methamphetamine-Withdrawal Aversion in Rats

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether brain reward function decreases during withdrawal from nicotine and methamphetamine, and whether decreased reward function is related to aversion during withdrawal from these drugs. For that purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically infused subcutaneously with 9 mg/kg per day nicotine, or with 6 mg/kg per day methamphetamine using osmotic minipumps. In an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm, chronic infusion of nicotine and methamphetamine decreased the thresholds for lateral hypothalamic ICSS, whereas their antagonists, mecamylamine and haloperidol increased the ICSS thresholds in the rats treated with nicotine and methamphetamine, respectively. In a conditioned place aversion paradigm, mecamylamine and haloperidol produced place aversion in nicotine- and methamphetamine-infused rats, respectively. Interestingly, elevations in ICSS reward thresholds and place aversion during mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal were almost the same in magnitude as those observed during haloperidol-precipitated methamphetamine withdrawal. The present study indicates that 1) brain reward function decreased during nicotine and methamphetamine withdrawal, and 2) a decrease in reward function may reflect the negative affective state (aversion) during withdrawal from nicotine and methamphetamine.
Successful reprogramming of differentiated cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer, using in vitro‐matured oocytes with a modified activation method

Therapeutic cloning has tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue repair in some diseases. However, the efficiency of development of cloned human embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer is still low. In the present study, the activation of cloned human embryos was investigated while using in vitro‐matured oocytes. Pseudo‐pronuclear formation and the subsequent development was compared with different activation parameters, including different durations of ionomycin and 6‐dimethylaminopurine treatment. The results showed that somatic cells were successfully reprogrammed by modification of activation treatments while using in vitro‐matured oocytes. The activation efficiency of cloned human embryos was significantly increased at durations of ionomycin at both 5 and 7 min, despite different durations of 6‐DMAP treatment. The results of blastocyst development showed that 20% of activated embryos developed to the blastocyst stage when the embryos were activated with 5 µm ionomycin for 5 min and 2 mm 6‐DMAP for 5 h, which was significantly higher than those activated with other parameters. Moreover, we found that an increasing duration of 6‐DMAP induced the formation of a single, large, pseudo‐pronucleus in cloned human embryos and impaired subsequent development competence. In conclusion, successful reprogramming of human somatic cells was achieved using in vitro‐matured oocytes by somatic cell nuclear transfer and improved with a modified activation method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-Rigid Point Set Registration by Preserving Global and Local Structures

In previous work on point registration, the input point sets are often represented using Gaussian mixture models and the registration is then addressed through a probabilistic approach, which aims to exploit global relationships on the point sets. For non-rigid shapes, however, the local structures among neighboring points are also strong and stable and thus helpful in recovering the point correspondence. In this paper, we formulate point registration as the estimation of a mixture of densities, where local features, such as shape context, are used to assign the membership probabilities of the mixture model. This enables us to preserve both global and local structures during matching. The transformation between the two point sets is specified in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space and a sparse approximation is adopted to achieve a fast implementation. Extensive experiments on both synthesized and real data show the robustness of our approach under various types of distortions, such as deformation, noise, outliers, rotation, and occlusion. It greatly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, especially when the data is badly degraded.
Human Development and the Spiritual Life: How Consciousness Grows toward Transformation

Part I: A Sketch for a Theory of Psychology. 1. The Relevance of Psychology to Spiritual Development. 2. The Nature of Development. 3. Evolution. 4. Impulse Control and Repression. 5. Cognition. 6. Language. Part II: On the Threshold of the Spirit. 7. Identity. 8. Narrative. 9. Epistemic Knowing. 10. Knowing the Self. 11. Social and Moral Knowing. 12. Cosmic Knowing. Conclusion. Index.
Plasma visfatin level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective. The aim of this study is to compare the serum level of visfatin between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control subjects matched for age and body mass index (BMI) and to assess the possible correlations of visfatin to the hormonal and metabolic parameters of the syndrome. Material and method. Fifty-five patients with PCOS diagnosis composed of 25 obese, 13 overweight, 17 normal weight subjects and 49 women without concomitant disease matched for age and BMI were included in this study. Results. Serum visfatin levels were similar in normal weight PCOS and control group. Visfatin levels in obese and overweight patients with PCOS were higher than that found in control women with similar BMI, and visfatin had positive linear correlation with BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR. Obese women with PCOS had also significantly higher visfatin levels than normal weight women with PCOS. Conclusion. Visfatin levels in obese and overweight patients with PCOS were higher than that found in females without concomitant disease with similar BMI, and visfatin had positive linear correlation with BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR.
Weight loss in combination with physical activity improves endothelial dysfunction in human obesity.

OBJECTIVE To test whether weight loss may improve endothelial dysfunction in human obesity, we recruited 28 healthy obese subjects, aged 30-46 years, with BMI 30-43 kg/m(2). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were investigated by intra-arterial infusion of increasing doses of acetylcholine (ACh; 7.5, 15, and 30 microg x ml(-1) x min(-1)) and sodium nitroprusside (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 microg x ml(-1) x min(-1)). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Weight loss was obtained by caloric restriction and physical activity. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in BMI (from 33.1 +/- 4.2 to 27.5 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2), -16.9%, P < 0.0001) and in waist circumference (from 108.2 +/- 12.1 to 96.8 +/- 12.9 cm, -10.5%, P < 0.0001). Weight loss was also associated with a significant increase in ACh-stimulated forearm blood flow (FBF), from 7.4 +/- 2.8 to 12.9 +/- 3.4 ml. 100 ml(-1) of tissue x min(-1) kg/m(2) (P < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the only independent predictor of FBF was HOMA, accounting for 44.5% of the variation, whereas the addition of BMI explained another 2.3% of the variation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that energy-restricted diet associated with physical activity induce a significant and clinically relevant improvement in ACh-stimulated vasodilation in obese healthy subjects.
A Multipolar Analysis of Near-Field Absorption and Scattering Processes

A multipolar formulation is adopted to investigate the absorption and scattering processes involved in near-field interactions. This approach allows one to determine the upper bounds for the absorbed and radiated powers that would be achieved by an ideal lossless sensor, which are of particular interest, for example, to wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless sensors and near-field coupled radiators. The multipolar formulation also helps to extricate the fundamental compromises that must be addressed in the design of such systems, as well as to identify strategies that could approach their best possible performances. The general theory is illustrated with an example consisting of a coated sensor illuminated by a Hertzian dipole, which is a representative example of any scattering or radiating system based on small resonators. The example also serves to compare the performance characteristics obtained with different phenomena such as multipolar resonances, phase-induced interference effects and cloaking.
Fast encoding method for image vector quantization by using partial sum concept in Walsh domain

In a framework of image vector quantization (VQ), the encoding speed is a key issue for its practical applications. To speed up the VQ encoding process, it is benificial to use lower dimensional features of k-dimensional vectors (k-D) first to check the difference between the input vector and a candidate codeword so as to reject a lot of unlikely codewords. As the features of a k-D vector in spatial domain, sum (1-D) and partial sums (2-D) are already proved to be very effective for codeword rejections in the previous works. However, because the energy of image vectors or codewords distributes almost equivalently at each dimension in spatial domain, the search efficiency through using sum and patial sums in spatial domain is still not very high. By exploiting the energy compaction property of Walsh transform, this paper proposes to use partial sum concept in Walsh domain instead of spatial domain to improve search efficiency further. Unlike to compute two partial sums over the first half of [1, k/2] dimensions of a vector and the second half of [k/2+1, k] dimensions in spatial domain, partial sums are computed over [1, KWal/2] and [KWal/2+1, KWal] dimensions (KWal≪k) of the transformed vector in Walsh domain. In this way, the rejection power by using partial sums in Walsh domain can be enhanced obviously. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed method in Walsh domain can reduce the computational cost obviously compared to the previous works in spatial domain.
The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care

Background. In recent years the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) has been extensively used as a short screening instrument, producing results that are comparable to longer versions of the GHQ. Methods. The validity of the GHQ-12 was compared with the GHQ-28 in a World Health Organization study of psychological disorders in general health care. Results are presented for 5438 patients interviewed in 15 centres using the primary care version of the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument, or CIDI-PC. Results. Results were uniformly good, with the average area under the ROC curve 88, range from 83 to 95. Minor variations in the criteria used for defining a case made little difference to the validity of the GHQ, and complex scoring methods offered no advantages over simpler ones. The GHQ was translated into 10 other languages for the purposes of this study, and validity coefficients were almost as high as in the original language. There was no tendency for the GHQ to work less efficiently in developing countries. Finally gender, age and educational level are shown to have no significant effect on the validity of the GHQ. Conclusions. If investigators wish to use a screening instrument as a case detector, the shorter GHQ is remarkably robust and works as well as the longer instrument. The latter should only be preferred if there is an interest in the scaled scores provided in addition to the total score.
Evaluation of Phenolic Phytochemical Enriched Commercial Plant Extracts on the In Vitro Inhibition of α-Glucosidase

Green tea (GT), cranberry (CR), and tart cherry extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit yeast α-glucosidase, relevant to glucose uptake. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and in vitro inhibitory activity of yeast α-glucosidase were examined for the extracts in the present study. GT had higher TPC and antioxidant activity, but CR demonstrated a greater α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, on phenolic basis. CR was fractionated using LH-20 column chromatography into two fractions: 30% methanol (CME) and 70% acetone (CAE). TPC, antioxidant activity, and yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were determined for the fractions. CAE had a greater TPC and antioxidant activity than CME, but the two fractions had a synergistic effect when inhibiting yeast α-glucosidase. Our findings suggest that CR has the greatest potential to possibly manage post-prandial blood glucose levels via the inhibition of α-glucosidase, and that the effect is through synergistic activity of the extract's phenolic compounds.