Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions of chemical exchange to T1ρ dispersion in a tissue model

Variations in T1ρ with locking‐field strength (T1ρ dispersion) may be used to estimate proton exchange rates. We developed a novel approach utilizing the second derivative of the dispersion curve to measure exchange in a model system of cross‐linked polyacrylamide gels. These gels were varied in relative composition of comonomers, increasing stiffness, and in pH, modifying exchange rates. Magnetic resonance images were recorded with a spin‐locking sequence as described by Sepponen et al. These measurements were fit to a mono‐exponential decay function yielding values for T1ρ at each locking‐field measured. These values were then fit to a model by Chopra et al. for estimating exchange rates. For low stiffness gels, the calculated exchange values increased by a factor of 4 as pH increased, consistent with chemical exchange being the dominant contributor to T1ρ dispersion. Interestingly, calculated chemical exchange rates also increased with stiffness, likely due to modified side‐chain exchange kinetics as the composition varied. This article demonstrates a new method to assess the structural and chemical effects on T1ρ relaxation dispersion with a suitable model. These phenomena may be exploited in an imaging context to emphasize the presence of nuclei of specific exchange rates, rather than chemical shifts. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief report on experiential avoidance and valuing in at-risk adolescents.

Approximately 20% of youth in the US have academic or behavioral difficulties that interfere with their daily lives, and some data indicate that these problems may be exacerbated by experiential avoidance (EA). While avoiding unpleasant experiences, youth preclude learning opportunities and contact with potential successes. Therefore, it has been theorized that the relationship between EA and adaptive, value-consistent behavior is tenuous. This correlation, however, had not been tested. Thus, seven participants, aged 11 and 12, were recruited to examine the relationship of EA and behavioral inconsistency with values as measured by the Acceptance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth and the Bull’s Eye Values Assessment, respectively. All participants met criteria for ADHD and/or an LD. Several participants were diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders as well. Given the small sample size, statistical significance was not reached; however, approximately 22% of the variance was accounted for by the relationship between EA and values (r(5) =. 47, p = . 143).
Bovine response to lipoarabinomannan vaccination and challenge with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

This study aimed to evaluate the immune response in bovines following immunization with a mycobaterial Lipoarabinomannan extract (LAMe) and the effect of Map challenge. LAMe vaccine induced specific antibody levels that diminished after the challenge and affected Map excretion at least for 100 days thereafter.
Evaluation fidelity: An examination of criterion‐based assessment and rater training in the speech communication classroom

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effectiveness of speech evaluation procedures and measures. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between rater training and evaluation fidelity— a concept which focuses on the shared understanding of meaning between speech raters and students in terms of what is expected and what is performed. To do so, two studies were conducted. Study one hypothesized that evaluation fidelity would be associated with rater training such that inter‐rater (instructor‐instructor) reliability would be higher after training. The findings suggest that participants in Study one increased their evaluation fidelity in terms of total scores. The variance and frequency reports confirmed that the range of scores decreased (higher evaluation fidelity) after training. Study two hypothesized that instructors who provided their students with training in using the “Criteria for Evaluating Speeches” form would achieve higher evaluation fidelity than those instructors who do not. Results support this hypothesis and reveal higher evaluation fidelity between instructors and students in the group where students received a copy and explanation of the criterion‐based assessment tool.
Using a Genome-Wide Scan and Meta-analysis to Identify a Novel IBD Locus and Confirm Previously Identified IBD Loci

Seven loci that potentially confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or one of its subtypes have been identified to date; however, most are unconfirmed, and the complete set of loci contributing to disease susceptibility has not yet been determined. The authors aim to identify loci contributing to disease susceptibility in an IBD population from Canada and to compare their results in a systematic manner with those of previously published IBD data sets. The authors performed genome-wide linkage analysis on 63 IBD families from Nova Scotia, Canada. They then undertook a meta-analysis to combine the results of their study with those of the four previously published IBD genome-wide scans with complete data reported. Their genome-wide scan identified three regions of suggestive linkage to IBD: 11p, IBD3, and IBD1. The locus on chromosome 11p has not been previously reported. Meta-analysis of multiple scans revealed linked regions corresponding to the IBD1, IBD3, and IBD5 loci. Meta-analysis of linkage data is a powerful approach for identifying and confirming common susceptibility loci and specifically shows that IBD1, IBD3, and IBD5 are the major, common IBD susceptibility loci in the populations studied thus far.
Trust in Police Officer-Sergeant Relationships 1

Trust ranks as the most important characteristic of effective supervisorsubordinate relationships. This is said to be even more important in military and paramilitary organizations, specifically police departments. This study measures the perceived trust between police officers and sergeants in a western police department. Sergeants (n = 19) and officers (n = 50) completed 25-item surveys by using a seven-point Likert scale, rating how prevalent each item is in their current situation, how much they would like it to exist, and how important it is to them. The study measured five components of trust: integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness. Three hypotheses were not supported by the data, suggesting that officers and sergeants perceive mutual levels of overall trust, integrity, and competence in each other. Three hypotheses were supported by the data, suggesting that officers and sergeants perceive differences in consistency, loyalty, and openness. Recommendations include further analysis of the data and incorporation of the supported hypotheses into continuing education of police department personnel.
EMOTIVE EFFORT AMONG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN PAKISTAN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between work complexity, emotive effort and its effects on job satisfaction and Emotion Management related stress among medical professionals; as in accordance with ‘The Managed Heart’ by Arlie Hochschild, it is asserted that emotive toil is carried out by medical professionals. Correspondence among work complexity, emotive toil and job satisfaction are ascertained by circulating questionnaires among medical personnel. This correspondence is investigated by the use of regression analysis. Conclusions drawn on the basis of analysis disclose that emotive struggle was considerably negatively associated to job satisfaction and work complexity. The research verdicts are only restricted to the medical professionals working in different hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan.
Vínculos e redes sociais de indivíduos dependentes de substâncias psicoativas sob tratamento em CAPS AD

This qualitative study aimed to identify social support networks among individuals dependent on psychoactive substances and to characterize the bonds that form these networks. The study was developed by means of focal groups. The results showed that these persons support networks are seriously compromised and indicated needs that should receive greater attention in the interventions aimed at the psychosocial rehabilitation of these individuals.
Country ideology and the California Vowel Shift

Abstract Addressing the dearth of variation research in nonurban, noncoastal regions of California, this study examines the extent to which speakers in Redding, an inland community just north of the Central Valley, participate in the California Vowel Shift (CVS). We acoustically analyze the fronting of the back vowels boot and boat, the raising of ban and backing of bat, and the merger of bot and bought, in sociolinguistic interviews with 30 white lifelong residents. Results reveal a change in apparent time for all analyzed variables, indicating the CVS's progression through the community, though not as robust as in urban, coastal areas. Additionally, we provide evidence that shifting patterns for different vowels are structured by the ideological divide between town and country. Thus, as the CVS spreads through Redding, speakers utilize particular features of the shift differently, negotiating identities relevant in California's nonurban locales.
Using filter bank multicarrier signals for radar imaging

This paper presents an adaption of a joint OFDM communication and radar system to filter bank multicarrier signals. Our results show that any signal which can be represented as a matrix of symbols spread out in the time-frequency domain in a regular fashion can be processed in the same way, making the results obtained from OFDM radar research applicable to FBMC radar. For OFDM, it was shown that the two-dimensional periodogram is a robust and optimal way to obtain a range-Doppler plane; this method can also be applied to FBMC radar. However, the absence of a cyclic prefix in FBMC modulated signals entails a faster deorthogonalisation of the received symbol for targets with a high range. This is mitigated by the higher processing gain in FBMC radar and the exploitation of the intrinsic interference.
Relationship between pH, sodium, and shape changes in chemotactic‐factor‐stimulated human neutrophils

The relationship between the chemotactic‐factor‐elicited changes in the intracellular pH and the shape of human neutrophils was investigated using simultaneous measurements of both parameters. The results demonstrate first that fMet‐Leu‐Phe and leukotriene B4 elicit qualitatively similar pH and shape change responses from the neutrophils. A relationship between the chemoattractant‐elicited decrease in cytoplasmic pH and the shape changes is indicated by several findings including: (1) the similarities in the time courses of the two responses, (2) the ability of propionic acid to induce a transient and pertussis‐toxin‐sensitive shape change response, and (3) the ability of the calcium ionophore A23187 to similarly induce both responses under conditions when the degranulation is minimized. On the other hand, several other results indicate that the drop in pH is not a sufficient condition for the chemotactic‐factor‐stimulated shape changes. These include: (1) the ability of pertussis toxin to inhibit the shape changes induced by propionic acid and by A23187 without affecting the drop in pH, and (2) the observation that the drop in pH induced by propionic acid persists significantly longer than the shape change. Increasing the cytoplasmic pH by adding ammonium chloride was also found to cause shape changes in the neutrophils. The response to the base differs in two important aspects from that caused by proprionic acid: it is pertussis‐toxin‐insensitive, and it is long‐lived. Chemotactic factors have been found to induce a shape change under conditions when the internal pH was artificially increased or decreased, indicating that it is not the absolute cytoplasmic pH that represents the internal signalling parameter. The results are discussed in terms of the activation of the cytoskeletal network of the neutrophils by chemotactic factors.
Co-evolution of complementary formal and informal requirements

Agent-oriented Conceptual Modelling (AoCM, as exemplified by the i* notation by E. Yu (1995)), represents an interesting approach to modelling early phase requirements that is particularly effective in capturing organizational contexts, stake-holder intentions and rationale. There are significant benefits in using formal methods for the development of computer systems and improving their quality. We propose a methodology which permits the use of these two otherwise disparate approaches in a complementary and synergistic fashion for requirements engineering.
Muscle area estimation from cortical bone

This article investigates the relationship between the cortical bone of the radius and the muscle area of the forearm. The aim of this study was to develop a method for muscle area estimation from cortical bone area at 65% of radius length where the muscle area at the forearm is largest. Muscle area and cortical area were measured directly in vivo by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). We found significant correlations between muscle area and cortical area (r = 0.881) in the forearm that are in line with previous studies. We have set up a regression model by testing relevant parameters such as age, sex, forearm length, and stature that were all highly correlated to muscle area. The influence of age and sex on the proportion of muscle area to cortical area is strong and potentially related to the effects of testosterone and estrogen on the muscle‐bone‐unit. Muscle area estimation from cortical bone is possible with a Percent Standard Error of Estimate (%SEE) ranging from 12.03% to 14.83%, depending on the parameters available and the age and sex of the individual. Muscle area estimation from cortical bone can provide new information for the study of skeletal and/or fossil human remains. Anat Rec, 296:1695–1707, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Encouraging Critical Collaborative Autonomy

In this theory-building review-essay, we advocate that second language teachers encourage their students to act critically, cooperatively, and autonomously. We discuss the three components of “critical collaborative autonomy”, why these components fit together well, and ideas for promoting their interaction and development. Being autonomous does not necessarily mean learning alone, but rather having the ability to metacognitively and critically make decisions as to the means that one uses to learn and develop. It is our contention that students learn autonomy (become more metacognitively aware and take more control) more quickly through guided cooperative learning in which they collaborate with peers to find and create their autonomous and critical voices. The incremental “assuming of control” of one’s language learning within a community not only accelerates acquisition but changes group and individual personalities. While we focus principally on this process in SLA, we also briefly address the wider socio-cultural, political and philosophical nature of such efforts.
Development of a Nasonia vitripennis outbred laboratory population for genetic analysis

The parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia has rapidly become a genetic model system for developmental and evolutionary biology. The release of its genome sequence led to the development of high‐resolution genomic tools, for both interspecific and intraspecific research, which has resulted in great advances in understanding Nasonia biology. To further advance the utility of Nasonia vitripennis as a genetic model system and to be able to fully exploit the advantages of its fully sequenced and annotated genome, we developed a genetically variable and well‐characterized experimental population. In this study, we describe the establishment of the genetically diverse HVRx laboratory population from strains collected from the field in the Netherlands. We established a maintenance method that retains genetic variation over generations of culturing in the laboratory. As a characterization of its genetic composition, we provide data on the standing genetic variation and estimate the effective population size (Ne) by microsatellite analysis. A genome‐wide description of polymorphism is provided through pooled resequencing, which yielded 417 331 high‐quality SNPs spanning all five Nasonia chromosomes. The HVRx population and its characterization are freely available as a community resource for investigators seeking to elucidate the genetic basis of complex trait variation using the Nasonia model system.
Assessment of the effects of 2 sedation regimens on cardiopulmonary parameters in pediatric dental patients: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of 2 sedation regimens during treatment: (1) oral meperidine and hydroxyzine with nitrous oxide (N2O); and (2) oral diazepam and hydroxyzine, submucosal meperidine, and N2O. Nitrous oxide was tapered to oxygen (O2) only 10 minutes following submucosal meperidine administration. METHODS Sixty-two children were evaluated who met the following criteria: (1) history of uncooperative behavior; (2) ASA I or II; (3) nothing to eat or drink after midnight the night before the appointment; (4) an initial/recall exam prior to the sedation appointment; and (4) patients who met the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guidelines for sedation. Regimens I and II included 32 and 30 patients, respectively. A single clinician treated all patients. A Criticare monitor recorded the following at 5-minute intervals: (1) O2 saturation; (2) respiratory rate; (3) heart rate; (4) systolic and diastolic blood pressures; (5) end tidal carbon dioxide concentration; and (6) mean arterial blood pressure. RESULTS The t test indicated significant differences between the 2 regimens for: (1) heart rate; (2) systolic blood pressure; and (3) diastolic blood pressure (regimen II had higher values). Using the general linear model, no significant differences were found. All cardiopulmonary parameters were within normal limits. CONCLUSION Regimens I and II had similar cardiopulmonary effects.
MRI-Based Multiscale Model for Electromagnetic Analysis in the Human Head with Implanted DBS

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established procedure for the treatment of movement and affective disorders. Patients with DBS may benefit from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate injuries or comorbidities. However, the MRI radio-frequency (RF) energy may cause excessive tissue heating particularly near the electrode. This paper studies how the accuracy of numerical modeling of the RF field inside a DBS patient varies with spatial resolution and corresponding anatomical detail of the volume surrounding the electrodes. A multiscale model (MS) was created by an atlas-based segmentation using a 1 mm3 head model (mRes) refined in the basal ganglia by a 200 μm2 ex-vivo dataset. Four DBS electrodes targeting the left globus pallidus internus were modeled. Electromagnetic simulations at 128 MHz showed that the peak of the electric field of the MS doubled (18.7 kV/m versus 9.33 kV/m) and shifted 6.4 mm compared to the mRes model. Additionally, the MS had a sixfold increase over the mRes model in peak-specific absorption rate (SAR of 43.9 kW/kg versus 7 kW/kg). The results suggest that submillimetric resolution and improved anatomical detail in the model may increase the accuracy of computed electric field and local SAR around the tip of the implant.
Topological membrane theory from Mathai-Quillen formalism

It is suggested that topological membranes play a fundamental role in the recently proposed topological M-theory. We formulate a topological theory of membranes wrapping associative three-cycles in a seven-dimensional target space with G_2 holonomy. The topological BRST rules and BRST invariant action are constructed via the Mathai-Quillen formalism. In a certain gauge we show this theory to be equivalent to a membrane theory with two BRST charges found by Beasley and Witten. We argue that at the quantum level an additional topological term should be included in the action, which measures the contributions of membrane instantons. We construct a set of local and non-local observables for the topological membrane theory. As the BRST cohomology of local operators turns out to be isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology of the G_2 manifold, our observables agree with the spectrum of d=4, N=1 G_2 compactifications of M-theory.
Association of body mass index with depression and alexithymia

OBJECTIVE: Association between body mass index (BMI) and mental disorders had long been investigated. Recent researches declare a relation between obesity and depressed mood as well as clinical depression. On the other hand mental disorders such as alexithymia are also found to be correlated with an increased risk of obesity. Therefore we aimed to evaluate depression and alexithymia together among normal, overweight and obese adults in order to assess what kind of an association is there between BMI, depression and alexithymia. Additionally we investigated whether there was a relationship between psychosomatic disorders and alexithymia. METHOD: We enrolled 100 adults, aged between 18 to 67 from Department of Endocrinology out-patient clinic whom had normal levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4 thyroid hormones and formed 3 groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). Individuals who had had BMI between 18.5-24.99 formed the normal, BMI between 25-29.99 formed the overweight and BMI 30 and above formed the obese groups. All three groups were evaluated by Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for clinical diagnosis and also given Toronto Alexithymia Scale 26 item (TAS-26) as well as Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: There was a positive relation between BMI and current depressive episode and this finding was stronger in women. There was no such relation with lifelong depression. TAS-26 total and subscale scores revealed no difference between three groups. As BDI total scores got higher TAS-26 scores were higher. Hence there was a strong positive relation between depression and alexithymia. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that higher BMI increases current depressive episode. No association is found between BMI and lifelong depression. Depression and depression severity are strongly associated with alexithymia. Contradictive with literature, alexithymia and its severity are not found to be related with BMI. Following overweight and obese indviduals is important to offset the adverse outcomes of depression.
Ig-like Receptor in Human NK Cells Endocytosis of an Inhibitory Killer Cell The AP-2 Clathrin Adaptor Mediates

CampbellOshinsky, Ashley M. James, Ilya Serebriiskii and Kerry S. Amanda K. Purdy, Diana A. Alvarez Arias, Jenniferol.1303406http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2014/09/19/jimmunJ Immunol€ published online 19 September 2014MaterialSupplementaryDCSupplemental.htmlhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2014/09/19/content.1303406. Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
The Organizational Fool: Balancing a Leader's Hubris

This paper explores the role of the sage-fool as means of creating a counter-vailing power against the regressive forces inherent in leadership, in other words, to reinforce the leader's capacity for reality testing. After a brief review of leadership theories, some of the salient characteristics of the role of the sage-fool are reviewed, taking a historical perspective. It is subsequently demonstrated how the fool, in playing the role of mediator between leader and followers, brings to the surface certain conflictual themes and thereby allows both parties to deal with the issues at hand. In this context, the role of humor and joking relationships are examined. Finally, two case examples of the fool in an organizational setting are presented.