Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
List colorings with measurable sets

The measurable list chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest number ξ such that if each vertex v of G is assigned a set L(v) of measure ξ in a fixed atomless measure space, then there exist sets $c(v)\subseteq L(v)$ such that each c(v) has measure one and $c(v)\cap c(v') = \emptyset$ for every pair of adjacent vertices v and v'. We provide a simpler proof of a measurable generalization of Hall's theorem due to Hilton and Johnson [J Graph Theory 54 (2007), 179–193] and show that the measurable list chromatic number of a finite graph G is equal to its fractional chromatic number. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 229–238, 2008
Biochemical and hematological indicators of acute and chronic cases of Mediterranean G6PD deficiency patients from southern Jordan

A total of 34 patients were analyzed in this study. Samples from 21 healthy individual were used as a negative control. Twenty eight out of the thirty four G6PD deficiency patients (82%) in our study were found to be of the class II (Mediterranean variant) according to WHO G6PD variant classification system. This variant was recognized by an extremely low enzyme activity (9±5 mU/109 RBC), and a more thermolabile enzyme than normal G6PD enzyme. Also, those patients did not have chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Six out of thirty four of G6PD deficiency patients (18%) had moderate enzyme deficiency (38±13 mU/109 RBC), which belong to class III of G6PD variants. The activity in G6PD deficiency patients, were first clinically diagnosed before acute hemolysis. Four months after the acute hemolysis, the G6PD activity was measured again. Biochemical and hematological indicators were studied in acute and chronic of Mediterranean G6PD deficiency; the biochemical indicators showed a particular elevated level of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in patients with acute hemolysis, while the direct bilirubin did not alter in all patients. All of other biochemical indicators gave a normal range values in both acute and chronic Mediterranean G6PD deficiency. Patients with acute hemolysis showed the characteristic hematolological findings such as low RBC counts, decreased hemoglobin value and increased WBC counts. The blood film in these patients showed the characteristic presence of fragmented cells "bite and "blister" which had Heinz bodies. However, these biochemical and hematological indicators in chronic patients were normal. Mediterranean variant of G6PD deficiency accounted for 82% of the study sample in southern Jordan. Nine out of the 28 G6PD deficiency patients of Mediterranean G6PD deficiency showed acute hemolysis (32%), which indicates the presence of a good link between Mediterranean variant and acute hemolytic crisis.
Experimental analysis of the concrete contribution to shear strength beams without shear reinforcement

Resumo There are many theories and empirical formulas for estimating the shear strength of reinforced concrete structures without transverse reinforcement. The security factor of any reinforced concrete structure, against a possible collapse, is that it does not depend on the tensile strength of the concrete and the formation of any collapse is ductile, thus giving advance warning. The cracking from tensile stress can cause breakage of the concrete and should be avoided at all cost, with the intent that any such breakage does not incur any type of failure within the structure. In the present research study, experiments were performed in order to analyze the complementary mechanisms of the shear strength of lattice beams of reinforced concrete frames without transverse reinforcement. The experimental program entails the testing of eight frames that were subjected to a simple bending process. Two concrete resistance classes for analyzing compressive strength were considered on the construction of frames, 20 MPa and 40 MPa . To resist the bending stresses, the beams of the frames are designed in domain 3 of the ultimate limit states. Different rates and diameters of longitudinal reinforcement were used, 1.32% and 1.55% with 12.5 mm diameter and 16.0 mm in longitudinal tensile reinforcement. From the obtained results, an analysis was made of the criteria already proposed for defining the norms pertinent to the portion of relevant contribution for the shear resistance mechanisms of concrete without the use of transverse reinforcement and the influence of the concrete resistance and longitudinal reinforcement rates established in the experimental numerical results.
Effects of i.v. lignocaine on psychological performance and subjective state in healthy volunteers.

In order to assess the effects of different doses of lignocaine on performance, nine healthy volunteers aged 21-34 yr received i.v. infusions of saline, low and high dose lignocaine (mean plasma concentrations 0.92 and 1.78 micrograms ml-1, respectively) in a double-blind randomized order. The Digit-Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were performed repeatedly and a battery of performance tests once. The median (lower, upper quartile) number of correct responses for the DSST during the infusion period was: placebo 69 (67, 77); low 74 (71, 80); high 66 (61, 75) (P less than 0.001, General Linear Models; all pairwise comparisons P less than 0.05). None of the measures in the full battery showed any significant changes. VAS showed that subjects felt more interested (P less than 0.05), drowsy (P less than 0.01), dizzy, tense, abnormal, drunk and muzzy (P less than 0.001) with lignocaine than with placebo. These results confirm that lignocaine can produce acute performance effects (both improvements and impairments). Subjects were clearly aware of the presence of lignocaine, suggesting that subjective reports may be a useful indicator of its CNS effects.
Biogenic self-healing mortar: Material development and experimental evaluation

In concrete structures, it is always a preferable idea to prevent the damage before it happens rather than to repair it afterwards, since it is usually less costly and in some cases the damage detection is impossible. Temperature and humidity fluctuations and/or external loading can trigger micro-cracking on a concrete structure, which in turn can open a pathway for harmful liquids and gasses. Those substances can degrade either the cement matrix or the embedded reinforcement and can cause an extended and irreversible damage. Prevention of damage or instant repair are not always achievable. Therefore, the idea to develop a cementitious material, which can sense the damage and repair it itself in order to mitigate the loss of durability, has gained ground in the last two decades.
Dielectrophoresis Testing of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behaviors of Human Red Blood Cells

Dielectrophoresis in microfluidics provides a useful tool to test biomechanics of living cells, regardless of surface charges on cell membranes. We have designed an experimental method to characterize the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of single cells using dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic channel. This method uses radio frequency, low voltage excitations through interdigitated microelectrodes, allowing probing multiple cells simultaneously with controllable load levels. Dielectrophoretic force was calibrated using a triaxial ellipsoid model. Using a Kelvin–Voigt model, the nonlinear shear moduli of cell membranes were determined from the steady-state deformations of red blood cells in response to a series of electric field strengths. The nonlinear elastic moduli of cell membranes ranged from 6.05 µN/m to up to 20.85 µN/m, which were identified as a function of extension ratio, rather than the lumped-parameter models as reported in the literature. Value of the characteristic time of the extensional recovery of cell membranes initially deformed to varied extent was found to be about 0.14 s. Shear viscosity of cell membrane was estimated to be 0.8–2.9 (µN/m)·s. This method is particularly valuable for rapid, non-invasive probing of mechanical properties of living cells.
Life Skills in Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy is a health profession that uses the purposeful activities to achieve multiple and complex rehabilitation aims. The main goals of the occupational therapy are to support the reintegration of individuals in daily living skills as well as to increase their independence and autonomy. Interventions of occupational therapists have primarily focused on self-care, productivity, and leisure time activities. Since the life skills includes a wide range of abilities that enable a person to perform personal care and more complicated tasks such as traveling, shopping, community participation etc., occupational therapists provide life skills training programs to meet the needs of the clients. This chapter aims to contribute to the current understanding and practices of life skills from an occupational therapy perspective. The chapter starts with a brief discussion of the importance of life skills in occupational therapy. After this introduction, the first part takes a look at the definition of life skills and identifies core components of life skills. The second part describes assessment and interventions of life skills. The third one gives an overview about school life skills programs for children and adolescents. Finally, the last part explains some life skills programs in people with disadvantages.
How Does Conversion of Natural Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems Affect Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities in the Nile River Watershed of Uganda?

Uganda's forests are globally important for their conservation values but are under pressure from increasing human population and consumption. In this study, we examine how conversion of natural forest affects soil bacterial and fungal communities. Comparisons in paired natural forest and human-converted sites among four locations indicated that natural forest soils consistently had higher pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, and calcium, although variation among sites was large. Despite these differences, no effect on the diversity of dominant taxa for either bacterial or fungal communities was detected, using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Composition of fungal communities did generally appear different in converted sites, but surprisingly, we did not observe a consistent pattern among sites. The spatial distribution of some taxa and community composition was associated with soil pH, organic carbon, phosphorus and sodium, suggesting that changes in soil communities were nuanced and require more robust metagenomic methods to understand the various components of the community. Given the close geographic proximity of the paired sampling sites, the similarity between natural and converted sites might be due to continued dispersal between treatments. Fungal communities showed greater environmental differentiation than bacterial communities, particularly according to soil pH. We detected biotic homogenization in converted ecosystems and substantial contribution of β-diversity to total diversity, indicating considerable geographic structure in soil biota in these forest communities. Overall, our results suggest that soil microbial communities are relatively resilient to forest conversion and despite a substantial and consistent change in the soil environment, the effects of conversion differed widely among sites. The substantial difference in soil chemistry, with generally lower nutrient quantity in converted sites, does bring into question, how long this resilience will last.
Effect of Geometric and Chemical Anisotropy of Janus Ellipsoids on Janus Boundary Mismatch at the Fluid–Fluid Interface

We investigated the geometric and chemical factors of nonspherical Janus particles (i.e., Janus ellipsoids) with regard to the pinning and unpinning behaviors of the Janus boundary at the oil–water interface using attachment energy numerical calculations. The geometric factors were characterized by aspect ratio (AR) and location of the Janus boundary (α) separating the polar and apolar regions of the particle. The chemical factor indicated the supplementary wettability (β) of the two sides of the particle with identical deviations of apolarity and polarity from neutral wetting. These two factors competed with each other to determine particle configurations at the interface. In general, the critical value of β (βc) required to preserve the pinned configuration was inversely proportional to the values of α and AR. From the numerical calculations, the empirical relationship of the parameter values of Janus ellipsoids was found; that is, λ=Δβc/Δα≈0.61AR−1.61. Particularly for the Janus ellipsoids with AR > 1, the βc value is consistent with the boundary between the tilted only and the tilted equilibrium/upright metastable region in their configuration phase diagram. We believe that this work performed at the single particle level offers a fundamental understanding of the manipulation of interparticle interactions and control of the rheological properties of particle-laden interfaces when particles are used as solid surfactants.
The identity of the Finnish Osmoderma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) population established by COI sequencing

The hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a flagship species for invertebrate conservation efforts by the European Union. This taxon has recently been revealed as a species complex likely encompassing five cryptic species. The northernmost population of Osmoderma is found on the island of Ruissalo in Turku, Finland. This population has been protected as species O. eremita, but its true species affinity has never been established. To resolve its identity,we sequenced themitochondrial COI gene from seven specimens sampled in Ruissalo. Based on a phylogenetic hypothesis generated from the sequences combined with previously published data, the Finnish hermit beetle was identified as Osmoderma barnabita. Information regarding the ecology and life cycle of O. eremita should then not uncritically be assumed to apply to the Finnish population. Rather, the Finnish population should be treated as a separate entity in conservation and management of European Osmoderma.
Log-PF: Particle Filtering in Logarithm Domain

This paper presents a particle filter, called Log-PF, based on particle weights represented on a logarithmic scale. In practical systems, particle weights may approach numbers close to zero which can cause numerical problems. Therefore, calculations using particle weights and probability densities in the logarithmic domain provide more accurate results. Additionally, calculations in logarithmic domain improve the computational efficiency for distributions containing exponentials or products of functions. To provide efficient calculations, the Log-PF exploits the Jacobian logarithm that is used to compute sums of exponentials. We introduce the weight calculation, weight normalization, resampling, and point estimations in logarithmic domain. For point estimations, we derive the calculation of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. In particular, in situations where sensors are very accurate the Log-PF achieves a substantial performance gain. We show the performance of the derived Log-PF by three simulations, where the Log-PF is more robust than its standard particle filter counterpart. Particularly, we show the benefits of computing all steps in logarithmic domain by an example based on Rao-Blackwellization.
Detection of Early Carious Lesions Using Laser Diode Near- Infrared Transillumination (In Vitro Study)

Dental caries is the most prevalent dental diseases in the world. Ideally, caries detection methods should capture the whole caries process, from the beginning of early demineralization through the capitation stage. Studies proved that by using only conventional clinical and radiographic methods, the dentist will detect about half the lesions present [3]. Non-invasive treatment of early caries lesions by remineralization has become of major importance in clinical daily practice, where many studies in turn would prevent white spot lesions formation and further capitation; but instead, rematerialize the existing lesions eliminating the need to restore the tooth [4]. Therefore, the attempts to identify more advanced measures to detect early carious lesions increased. These technologies include Quantitative Laser or Light Fluorescence (QLF), Electrical Conductance Measurements (ECM), infrared Laser Fluorescence (LF), direct digital radiography and Digital Imaging FiberOptic Trans-Illumination (DIFOTI) [5,6]. Recent evidence showed that the Near Infrared (NIR) spectra (780 to 1550 nm), have the ability to penetrate the tissue more deeply. This deeper penetration is essential for the Transillumination (TI) [7].
Demand for Information and Asset Pricing

Previously, academics have used the supply of information that arrives to market (e.g., macroeconomic announcements, earnings reports, or news releases) to study how information affects asset prices and anomalies, and for tests of market efficiency. In this paper, we instead use measures of institutional and retail demand for information. We show that institutional demand for information is associated with increased trading volume and significant price movements. Average returns and betas are higher on days with higher institutional demand for information. The magnitude of these effects is much larger than those associated with the supply of news. However, the impact of demand for information from retail investors, while statistically significant, is quite small in magnitude. We also show that higher institutional demand alleviates mispricing in the market. In particular, higher information processing by institutional investors dampens momentum and enhances long-term reversals. As such, when demand for information increases, the market becomes more efficient.
fficacy of ginger-based treatments against infection with yrodactylus turnbulli in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata Peters ) )

Monogenean infections of commercially farmed fishes are responsible for significant economic losses and existing chemical therapeutants, often stressful to the fish, pose associated risks. As part of a recent trend to move towards the use of alternative, plant-based remedies for commonly occurring aquaculture-related diseases, the efficiency of ginger (Zingiber officinale) was investigated against the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli in the guppy. In vitro trials revealed the clear anti-parasitic effects of ginger. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts, prepared from freeze dried ginger, were tested. An increase in extract concentration was associated with reduced time to parasite immobilisation, with ethanolic extract being more efficient; at 75 and 200 ppt aqueous ginger extract parasites died at 65.6 ± 2.8 and 1.8 ± 0.2 min, respectively, whereas at 5 and 40 ppt ethanolic extract parasites died at 26.1 ± 0.7 and 4.9 ± 0.3 min, respectively. Bathing G. turnbulli-infected fish in ethanolic ginger extract (i.e. 5 and 7.5 ppt for 90 and 30 min, respectively) significantly reduced infection prevalence and intensity when compared to the water and ethanol controls. The higher concentration (i.e. 7.5 ppt) proved as equally effective as Praziquantel, the conventionally used chemical treatment for gyrodactylosis, with the fish appearing to be completely cleared of the infection in both cases. Oral treatments of G. turnbulli-infected guppies with diets supplemented with 10 and 20% ginger powder proved to be ineffective in decreasing parasite load. These findings demonstrate that immersion in ginger extract offers an effective, alternative treatment against monogenean infection in fish.
INTEGRATED LASER SCANNER AND INTENSITY IMAGE CALIBRATION AND ACCURACY ASSESSMENT

Nowadays, the use of laser scanner devices as an active technique for acquiring 3D information is growing fast. The huge amount of object points produced with less effort than other 3D acquisition techniques is one of the reasons for interest. For accurate measurements a sophisticated sensor model and calibration procedure is an important prerequisite of such an efficient system. The calibration and accuracy assessments of the measurement system reflect the reliability and correctness of the system output. For the calibration and accuracy assessments of the laser scanner system we use the laser’s intensity image and a sensor model, which we developed by extending our mathematical model for linear array based rotating panoramic cameras. The sensor model describes substantial deviations from the pinhole model using additional parameters. With additional parameters the following errors in laser scanners can be modeled: eccentricity of the scan center, collimation and horizontal axis error, tumbling error and resolution of horizontal and vertical rotation. In this paper we present the results of calibration with additional parameters for the Imager 5003 of Zoller+Frohlich GmbH, which indicate a subpixel accuracy level for such a highly dynamic system. Finally we will demonstrate the system’s accuracy in 3D point positioning by means of a testfield. The result shows the efficiency of our approach for laser scanner modeling.
Behavior Intention Derivation of Android Malware Using Ontology Inference

Previous researches on Android malware mainly focus on malware detection, and malware’s evolution makes the process face certain hysteresis. The information presented by these detected results (malice judgment, family classification, and behavior characterization) is limited for analysts. Therefore, a method is needed to restore the intention of malware, which reflects the relation between multiple behaviors of complex malware and its ultimate purpose. This paper proposes a novel description and derivation model of Android malware intention based on the theory of intention and malware reverse engineering. This approach creates ontology for malware intention to model the semantic relation between behaviors and its objects and automates the process of intention derivation by using SWRL rules transformed from intention model and Jess inference engine. Experiments on 75 typical samples show that the inference system can perform derivation of malware intention effectively, and 89.3% of the inference results are consistent with artificial analysis, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of our theory and inference system.
Observational evidence of the complementary relationship in regional evaporation lends strong support for Bouchet's hypothesis

Using independent observations of actual and potential evapotranspiration at a wide range of spatial scales, we provide direct observational evidence of the complementary relationship in regional evapotranspiration hypothesized by Bouchet in 1963. Bouchet proposed that, for large homogeneous surfaces with minimal advection of heat and moisture, potential and actual evapotranspiration depend on each other in a complementary manner through land‐atmosphere feedbacks. Although much work has been done that has led to important theoretical and conceptual insights about regional actual evapotranspiration and its relation to regional potential evapotranspiration, never before has a data set of direct observations been assembled that so clearly displays complementarity, providing strong evidence for the complementary relationship hypothesis, and raising its status above that of a mere conjecture.