Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Photoreceiver For An Isolated Control Signal Transfert In Favour Of Power Transistors

The galvanic insulation around power transistors is often a requirement: the reference point of the power transistor may be at a high voltage level (series connected transistors or high voltage full bridges or inverters) and the insulation between the gate driver (operating at this reference point) and the external control part is fastidious. The optical insulation is a good candidate for high insulation levels, but this solution is costly while relaying on discrete implementations. In this paper, it is demonstrated how we have monolithically integrated a photoreceiver within a 600 V intelligent power device: first, a model has been developed (concerning the static and dynamical behaviors). Second, the model has been validated by a comparison with finite elements simulations (it has been used to forecast possible interactions with the main power part). Third, a 600 V power MOSFET with an integrated photoreceiver has been designed and manufactured, without any modification of the power transistor's process. Simulations and modeling have been used to study and to analyze the interactions between the power device and the photoreciever integrated within its active region. Our prototypes have been checked out in practice. Added to an intelligent switch, this solution simplifies the implementation of power devices while reducing costs.
"Cash and Compassion: The Role of the Somali Diaspora in Relief, Development, and Peace Building"

necessarily reflect the view of Chatham House, its staff, associates or Council. Chatham House is independent and owes no allegiance to any government or to any political body. It does not take institutional positions on policy issues. This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the author(s)/ speaker(s) and Chatham House should be credited, preferably with the date of the publication or details of the event. Where this document refers to or reports statements made by speakers at an event every effort has been made to provide a fair representation of their views and opinions, but the ultimate responsibility for accuracy lies with this document’s author(s). The published text of speeches and presentations may differ from delivery. Meeting Summary
Service Innovation: A Service-Dominant Logic Perspective

In this article, we offer a broadened view of service innovation--one grounded in service-dominant logic--that transcends the tangible--intangible and producer--consumer divides that have plagued extant research in this area. Such a broadened conceptualization of service innovation emphasizes (1) innovation as a collaborative process occurring in an actor-to-actor (A2A) network, (2) service as the application of specialized competences for the benefit of another actor or the self and as the basis of all exchange, (3) the generativity unleashed by increasing resource liquefaction and resource density, and (4) resource integration as the fundamental way to innovate. Building on these core themes, we offer a tripartite framework of service innovation: (1) service ecosystems, as emergent A2A structures actors create and recreate through their effectual actions and which offer an organizing logic for the actors to exchange service and cocreate value; (2) service platforms, which enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of service exchange by liquefying resources and increasing resource density (facilitating easy access to appropriate resource bundles) and thereby serve as the venue for innovation; and (3) value cocreation, which views value as cocreated by the service offer(er) and the service beneficiary (e.g., customer) through resource integration and indicate the need for mechanisms to support the underlying roles and processes. In discussing these components, we consider the role of information technology--both as an operand resource and as an operant resource--and then examine the implications for research and practice in digitally enabled service innovation.
Pathogenicity of molecularly cloned bovine leukemia virus

To delineate the mechanisms of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) pathogenesis, four full-length BLV clones, 1, 8, 9, and 13, derived from the transformed cell line FLK-BLV and a clone construct, pBLV913, were introduced into bovine spleen cells by microinjection. Microinjected cells exhibited cytopathic effects and produced BLV p24 and gp51 antigens and infectious virus. The construct, pBLV913, was selected for infection of two sheep by inoculation of microinjected cells. After 15 months, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these sheep served as inocula for the transfer of infection to four additional sheep. All six infected sheep seroconverted to BLV and had detectable BLV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Four of the six sheep developed altered B/T-lymphocyte ratios between 33 and 53 months postinfection. One sheep died of unrelated causes, and one remained hematologically normal. Two of the affected sheep developed B lymphocytosis comparable to that observed in animals inoculated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BLV-infected cattle. This expanded B-lymphocyte population was characterized by elevated expression of B-cell surface markers, spontaneous blastogenesis, virus expression in vitro, and increased, polyclonally integrated provirus. One of these two sheep developed lymphocytic leukemia-lymphoma at 57 months postinfection. Leukemic cells had the same phenotype and harbored a single, monoclonally integrated provirus but produced no virus after in vitro cultivation. The range in clinical response to in vivo infection with cloned BLV suggests an important role for host immune response in the progression of virus replication and pathogenesis.
A Product Function for Physician Services

IN recent years, the American public has become greatly alarmed over an apparent shortage of physicians, a shortage which is expected to reach crisis proportions within the next decade. The predicted shortage stems, in part, from the nation's current efforts to make health care accessible to all income classes and from past neglect of medical-school facilities. However, there is also some evidence that the shortage is further aggravated by widespread inefficiency in the use of medical manpower. It is a matter which is increasingly attracting the attention of health-manpower specialists, but one on which opinions still differ widely. Somne students of the health-care sector have argued, as early as a decade ago, that it would be techniically imnpossible to add to the already hea\y patient load carried by American physicians. ' In contrast, Rashi Fein's recent book The Doctor Shortage (1967) concludes with the assertion that physicians could increase their productivity still further, either by joining large-scale group practices or by delegating more of their workload to auxiliary personnel. Fein admits, however, that in the absence of more research, one "cannot be certain whether the gains from group-practice formation and from increased reliance on paramedical aides will be large or more modest. " (p. 144) His argument therefore rests on essentially intuitive grounds. Fein's call for more research on the production of physicians' services is entirely justified. For, in spite of the crucial role played by physicians in the production and delivery of health services, there exists very little enmpirical information on the technical and economic determinants of the physician's productivity. This paper is an attempt to contribute to our understanding of this important parameter. Using a simnple model of physician behavior and a nationwide cross-section sample of physicians, the study seeks to identify the effects of auxiliary persoi)nel and of the mode of practice (solo or group) on the physician's rate of output. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that the average American physician could profitably employ roughly twice the number of aides he currently employs and thus increase his hourly rate of output by about 25 per cent above its current level. This figure takes on added meaning when it is recalled that a mere increase of 4 per cent in average physician productivity in the United States would add more to the aggregate supply of medical services than would the entire current graduating class froin American medical schools. Looked at in another way, our results suggest that, in choosing his combination of practice inputs, the average physician in our sample appears to have priced out his own time at a value much below that implicit in his medical fees. On either interpretation, the results therefore support the thesis that American physicians tend to be wasteful in the use of their scarcest and most expensive resource.
Placenta accreta is associated with IVF pregnancies: a retrospective chart review

Please cite this paper as: Esh‐Broder E, Ariel I, Abas‐Bashir N, Bdolah Y, Hochner Celnikier D. Placenta accreta is associated with IVF pregnancies: a retrospective chart review. BJOG 2011;118:1084–1089.
Economic efficiency of fines imposed on cartels

A discovery of an active cartel represents only one stage in antitrust enforcement. Another important stage, which is quite widely discussed among scholars, is the imposition of fines against cartels. The main problem, which occurs on the practical and theoretical level is the estimation of the optimal size of fines. Although propositions stating that today’s fines are possibly too low, more and more often appear in the scientific literature and public space, the concept of the optimal fine is not fully analyzed and discussed among academic society yet. It is important that the size of the fine allows to find the compromise among damage settlement, deterrence from other violations of competition law, punishment of violators and practical possibilities to pay the fine. In this article the main attention is paid to the concept of the optimal fine in the country of small economy with developing culture of competition. The empirical analysis is based on Lithuanian cases. This country is chosen because it corresponds to the features of the small economy with the developing culture of competition. In Lithuania, the Law on Competition became effective in 1999 and the competition has not been treated as a value yet. The empirical analysis of two Lithuanian cartels cases allowed to assess and identify the specifics of the economic efficiency of fines imposed on cartels. According to the theoretical and practical analysis, the recommendations pointed to the improvement of the fining system, are presented in the article as well. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 26.1. 7763
14 Current Issues in Plant Cryopreservation

Anja Kaczmarczyk1,2, Bryn Funnekotter1,2, Akshay Menon1,2, Pui Ye Phang1,2, Arwa Al-Hanbali1,2, Eric Bunn2,3 and Ricardo L. Mancera1 1Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 2Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth 3School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia Australia
Examining belief adjustment model on investment decision making

This research aims to examine the influence of order effects and response mode [a step by step (SbS) and an end of sequence (EoS)] or belief adjustment model on investment decisions making. The contribution of this research to the accounting literature is the existence of Belief Adjustment model developed by Hogarth and Einhorn that will be tested in this study in setting the investment decision. Experiment method is used to examine the research hypotheses. Final participant(s) in this research were (are) 93 people who are accounting students majoring in accounting at the private university in Surabaya, Indonesia. The results of this study show that a step by step (SbS) response mode tends to find significant recency effect, while judgment that require only one judgment at the end of the evidence series. Meanwhile, an end of sequence (EoS) response mode tends to find no recency effect. Practical implications of the research is to understand the impact of the presentation of accounting information, the order of information presentation, and the presentation of information investment decision pattern. For the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (BAPEPAM), this research may contribute to setting policies related to information order and disclosure pattern.
Requirement of Digestible Sulfur Amino Acids in Laying Hens Fed Sorghum- and Soybean Meal-Based Diets

Two experiments were done to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of dietary digestible methionine (Met) and Met:cysteine (Met:Cys) ratio on the productivity of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens fed sorghum- and soybean meal-based diets. In Exp. 1, 160 hens from 68 to 75 weeks of age were assigned to four dietary levels of digestible Met (0.20 0.24, 0.28 and 0.32%). The digestible total sulfur amino acids:Lysine (TSAA:Lys) ratios were: 62, 68, 76 and 84%. In Exp. 2, 192 hens from 76-83 weeks of age were assigned to four dietary digestible Met:Cys ratios (160, 116.7, 85.7 and 62.5%). The digestible TSAA:Lys ratio was kept constant across diets (80%). Results were subjected to ANOVA and linear regression analyses. In Exp. 1, optimal egg production, egg mass, and feed efficiency responses were observed at 0.30 and 0.50% of dietary digestible Met and TSAA, respectively (quadratic effect, p<0.05). Live performance was maximized with digestible Met and TSAA in takes of 288 and 478 mg/hen/d, respectively. In Exp. 2, optimal egg production and feed efficiency responses were observed at 151 and 150% of dietary digestible Met:Cys ratios, respectively (quadratic effect, p<0.05). The digestible Met, Cys and TSAA intake to maximize egg production and feed efficiency were 313, 207 and 510 mg/hen/d, respectively. The requirements for sulfur AA in Hy-Line W-36 hens from 68 to 83 weeks of age fed sorghum- and soybean meal-based diets fell inside the range of the requirements previously estimated in hens fed corn-soybean meal based diets.
Clinical Outcome of Postplacental Copper T 380A Insertion in Women Delivering by Caesarean Section.

INTRODUCTION Short interconception period after caesarean section and its associated risk of increased morbidity, mortality and surgical interventions could be avoided by postplacental IUCD insertion during the procedure. Despite the safety reports on intracaesarean IUCD insertion, obstetricians are still hesitant to extend the benefit of this long acting reversible contraception to women undergoing operative delivery. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical outcome (safety, efficacy, expulsion and continuation rates) of postplacental Copper T 380A insertion in primiparous women undergoing caesarean section. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a prospective observational study, carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Safdarjung hospital, which is a tertiary care hospital of Northern India. Primiparous women who delivered by caesarean section over a period of six months (July 2012 to December 2012), willing for postplacental intracaesarean IUCD insertion, and willing to comply with the study protocol, were recruited for the study. All these subjects fulfilled the WHO Standard Medical Criteria for PPIUCD insertion; follow up visits were scheduled at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS A total of 300 primiparous women underwent postpartum intracaesarean insertion of Copper T 380A. The mean age of women included in the study was 23.12 ± 2.42 years. Most common postinsertion complication observed in the immediate postoperative period was febrile morbidity (2%). Majority of women (94.33%) had hospital stay of less than 4 days. The common adverse events observed during follow-up of 12 months were menstrual complaints, excessive vaginal discharge and persistent pelvic pain. At the end of one year, there were 16 expulsions, 21 removals, and 2 pregnancies with gross cumulative expulsion, removal, failure and continuation rates of 5.33%, 7%, 0.67% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION Postplacental intracaesarean Copper T 380A insertion in primiparous women is a safe and effective method of reversible contraception, with low expulsion and high continuation rates.
Secure Integration of eBusiness Processes in the Extended-Enterprise

The new unit of competition is no longer the individual firm but rather the extendedenterprise. It has long been recognized that information security and system integration are among the key issues for IT executives. We posit that these issues still remain open and they are exacerbated by the fact that highly competitive enterprises operate in an environment characterized by distributed and heterogeneous information systems and heterogeneous information and knowledge resources. Following the design science paradigm, we propose a design artifact that allows for formally represented knowledge to be securely shared across the extended-enterprise. The effective deployment of semantic web technologies would enable the proposed IT artifact to support the dependencies among multiple knowledge resources for effective eBusiness processes the extended-enterprise.
[Ocular tumors in Togo: epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features observed at the Lomé Teaching Hospital of Sylvanus Olympio].

PURPOSE To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of ocular tumors in Togo. METHODS We have a retrospective and descriptive study of the ocular specimens registered in the pathology laboratory from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010. The frequency of ocular tumors, the patients' age and sex, the department from which the specimen came, the sampling procedure, and the histopathological patterns were analyzed. RESULTS During the study period, 80 ocular specimens were recorded among a total of 6000, for a frequency of 1.33%. Histopathological results were available for 45 cases in our sample. The mean age was 30.9 ± 15.1 years, and the sex ratio 0.88 (21M/24F). The two teaching hospitals in Lomé furnished 73.4% of the ocular specimens. The most common site was the conjunctiva, accounting for 75.5% of the cases. Benign tumors represented 69.9% of the histological diagnoses. Papilloma was the histopathological diagnosis in 33.3% of cases. CONCLUSION Ocular tumors are relatively common, occur at any age, and are located most often in the conjunctiva. Close collaboration between the pathologist and the ophthalmologist is essential for the best management of these tumors.
Causality in hospital simulation based on utilization chains

The operation of complex buildings (e.g. airports, hospitals, industrial facilities, penitentiaries) is commonly simulated forward in time: Agents arrive and perform their prescribed tasks, utilizing resources and space as required. When trying to understand the model's state at a certain point in time, say, "why is this resource over-utilized", one must either guess or run the simulation again to determine what the cause is. Our contribution lies in the introduction of causal chains into the workflow of an agent-based simulation, so that an end user (in our case: process planner and hospital architect) can get a further insight into the intermediate simulation result at a certain point in time, without having to re-run it.
The Efficacy of Construction Site Safety Inspections

In this article, we measure the impact of on‐site safety inspections on the frequency of work‐related injury and death in the Alberta construction sector, 1987–92. The data are disaggregated by subindustry allowing different risk levels to be associated with different work activities. In our sample, there is a dramatic decrease in inspection activity which alows us to assess the necessity for continuing with current levels of inspection effort. We find that on‐site safety inspections have no effect on the risk of accident and injury but do have a positive effect in reducing the number of work‐related fatalities.
Applying the theory of planned behavior to explain geospatial data sharing for urban planning and management: cases from urban centers in Tanzania

This paper illustrates the potential use of the theory of planned behavior as a guiding framework for understanding intentions and behavior in geospatial data sharing in Tanzania. A structured questionnaire survey, was constructed and sent to local governments as well as academic and private organizations that are major producers and/or users of geodata. The questionnaire covered issues of how collection of geodata is financed, management of geospatial data, and compatibility of spatial data-sets. The theory was found to be generally effective in accounting for intentions to share geospatial data in Tanzania (p < .01). Results show potential for data sharing between local governments and other organizations in Tanzania, and it is suggested that creating awareness among spatial data stakeholders and the establishment of a spatial data infrastructure policy framework will speed up geospatial data sharing.
The state of corruption: A case study of Uganda

The aim of this article is to provide an evaluation of Uganda's current strategy to fight corruption. Like many countries on the African continent, Uganda has deemed it necessary to make attempts to reduce and control corruption within the public sector. As awareness of the deleterious and debilitating effects of corruption has grown, so too have both internal political factors and external pressures from aid donors increased in order to push for fundamental change in this respect. In terms of the donors, many have stipulated specific conditions relating to a good governance agenda based upon adherence to public integrity and minimum standards of public conduct. Sensitivity to pressure also stems in part, from a wish by government to be seen to be actively responding to donor concerns. Internal pressures stem from a growing desire by the public to demand accountability from those in government.
Nonparametric measures of the impact of public research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture

Nonparametric methods are used to measure the impact of public research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture over the 1953–94 period. Results using both unrestricted and 30‐year lagged specifications of the research impacts on productivity suggest that while certain aspects of the nonparametric multi‐input/output technologies are quite robust to alternative specifications (in particular, the associated Malmquist total factor productivity indexes), other aspects are less stable (in particular, the indexes on input and, to a lesser extent, output biased technical change). Internal rates of return to research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture are estimated to be in the 12 per cent to 20 per cent range.
How do small business owners manage working capital in an emerging economy?: A qualitative inquiry

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine the actions owner‐managers of small businesses undertake in managing working capital.Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted an exploratory research design. The point of saturation was achieved after ten owner‐managers were interviewed. Data were analyzed using content analysis technique with the aid of NVivo software. Verbatim texts were used to explain the emergent themes.Findings – The findings indicate that in the absence of systems, structures and procedures, small business owner‐managers intuitively plan, monitor and control their working capital. The activities undertaken include; reliance on memory and oral agreements, informal planning, assuming inventory limits, unconventional record keeping, cash flow based information management and giving credit to close associates.Research limitations/implications – A more detailed investigation of the steps in the action sequence ma y advance our understanding of the process. Future studies need to .