Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Maternal Anxiety and Treatment Outcome for Childhood Anxiety Disorders

Abstract This study examined the influence of maternal anxiety on the treatment outcome of anxious children. Forty-eight clinically anxious children (aged 6–14 years) were classified into two groups based on the presence of an anxiety disorder diagnosis in their mother. Diagnostic data at posttreatment showed that children with anxious mothers responded significantly less favourably to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) than did children with nonanxious mothers (28% vs. 58% improved, respectively). At 12-month follow-up, 68% of children with anxious mothers improved, compared to 79% of children with nonanxious mothers. This difference was not significant. Findings were not consistent across outcome measures. This study also investigated the changes in maternal anxiety across child treatment. Prior to treatment, diagnostic data showed that 60% of mothers met criteria for an anxiety disorder. At posttreatment, 21% of these mothers were free of their primary diagnosis. There was also a significant reduction in self-reported maternal anxiety across treatment that was maintained at follow-up. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Effects of DNA methylation inhibitors and conventional antidepressants on mice behaviour and brain DNA methylation levels

Objective Stress increases DNA methylation and decreases the expression of genes involved in neural plasticity, while treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) increases gene expression and induces antidepressant-like effects in preclinical models. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to further investigate the potential antidepressant-like effect induced by DNMTi by evaluating the behavioural effects induced by associating DNMTi treatment with conventional antidepressant drugs in mice submitted to the forced swimming test (FST). In addition, brain levels of DNA methylation were also investigated. Methods Mice received systemic injections of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzaD, 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg), RG108 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg), desipramine (DES, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (FLX, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg) and were submitted to the FST or to the open field test (OFT). Additional groups received a combination of subeffective doses of 5-AzaD or RG108 (DNMTi) with subeffective doses of DES or FLX (antidepressants). Results Subeffective doses of RG108 (0.1 mg/kg) or 5-AzaD (0.1mg/kg) in association with subeffective doses of DES (2.5 mg/kg) or FLX (10 mg/kg) induced significant antidepressant-like effects. Effective doses of RG108 (0.2 mg/kg), 5-AzaD (0.2 mg/kg), DES (10 mg/kg) and FLX (20 mg/kg) atenuated stress-induced changes in DNA methylation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. None of the treatments induced locomotor effects in the OFT. Conclusion These results suggest that DNMTi potentiate the behavioural effects of antidepressant drugs in the FST and that antidepressants, as well as DNMTi, are able to modulate stress-induced changes in DNA methylation in brain regions closely associated with the neurobiology of depression.
The “Right Stuff” for a Solo Sailboat Circumnavigation of the Globe

This case study assessed the psychological strengths and stability of attitudes and values of a 29-year-old male who successfully completed a 260-day solo sailboat circumnavigation of the globe. Personality findings indicated positive psychological functioning; high scores on traits of boldness, agreeableness, and openness; and mid-range on extraversion. An internal locus of control belief orientation was evident from the pre- to post-voyage evaluation periods. Personal values of hedonism, universalism, and stimulation were the highest rated values over the course of the voyage. Positive adaptation was reflected in perceptions of personal growth, endorsement of positive experiences, and flexibility in using a variety of coping strategies depending on the situation. The mid-range level of extraversion and high trait agreeableness may be adaptive characteristics, reflecting comfort in solitude while possessing the ability and interest in communicating with others as a means of stimulation and social support.
Comparison of ocular response analyzer parameters in primary open angle glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma patients

Aim: We sought to identify differences in the following measures of the ocular response analyser (ORA) between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliative glaucoma (EXG) patients: Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg). We also sought to relate these ORA measures with central corneal thickness (CCT). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 162 individuals (46 EXG patients, 66 POAG patients and 50 healthy subjects without any ocular and systemic disease). ORA measurements were performed, and a minimum of three readings were obtained from each test subject. Groups were compared according to their ORA parameters. Results: The mean CH levels of the EXG, POAG and healthy subjects were 7.6 ± 2.1, 9.1 ± 1.9 and 9.6 ± 1.7 mmHg, respectively. CH was significantly lower in the EXG patients compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). The mean CRF levels of the EXG, POAG and healthy subjects were 9.0 ± 2.0, 10.1 ± 1.7 and 9.8 ± 1.8mmHg, respectively. CRF levels in the eyes of the EXG patients were significantly lower compared to those of either the POAG patients (P = 0.005) or the healthy subjects (P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference in CRF levels between the POAG patients and the healthy subjects (P = 0.59). There was a significant positive correlation between CH and CCT in the EXG patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.001), but this correlation was not present in the POAG patients (P = 0.70). Conclusions: In this study, CH and CRF were found to be significantly reduced in the eyes of EXG patients compared to both the POAG patients and healthy subjects. Reduced CH in EXG patients might result in decreased support of peripapillary scleral structure and increased damage to the optic nerve during IOP increase.
Deep Learning in Drug Discovery

Artificial neural networks had their first heyday in molecular informatics and drug discovery approximately two decades ago. Currently, we are witnessing renewed interest in adapting advanced neural network architectures for pharmaceutical research by borrowing from the field of “deep learning”. Compared with some of the other life sciences, their application in drug discovery is still limited. Here, we provide an overview of this emerging field of molecular informatics, present the basic concepts of prominent deep learning methods and offer motivation to explore these techniques for their usefulness in computer‐assisted drug discovery and design. We specifically emphasize deep neural networks, restricted Boltzmann machine networks and convolutional networks.
Advocacy and Empowerment: Group Therapy for LGBT Asylum Seekers

In countries worldwide, LGBT individuals are subject to persecution and discrimination, including grave human rights violations based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. Asylum provides a mechanism for LGBT individuals fleeing such persecution to legally remain in the United States. However, asylum is not guaranteed, and the asylum-seeking process may be particularly challenging for individuals with complex trauma histories. Although many LGBT asylum seekers are referred to individual psychotherapy by their legal counsel to prepare for the asylum process and to mitigate risks for retraumatization, many decline due to fear, shame, and cultural barriers, among other factors. Thus, we offer a model of group therapy for LGBT asylum seekers, rooted in multicultural and empowerment frameworks, which aims to address the unique concerns and challenges faced by LGBT asylum seekers. These include recovery from the effects of complex trauma, managing the stress of immigration and acculturation, minimizin.
The educational experience of Hispanic immigrants in the United States: integration through marginalization

This article calls attention to the educational situation of Latino immigrants in the United States. Through an extensive review of the literature, it examines the nature of contemporary Hispanic immigration and the school response to the linguistic and cultural attributes of the students – particularly those of Mexican origin, who represent the largest proportion of students whose parents are immigrants. Although the US education system seeks the incorporation of immigrant students into American society through the provision of specialized English language programs, the evidence indicates that often these programs produce an educational experience characterized by limited access to academic courses, labeling by peers and teachers, and reduced chances of access to higher education.
Brothers, Sisters and Fictive Kin

Siblings have been shown to influence youth substance use and violent behavior. However, limited research has examined sibling-influences on sexual activity, particularly among urban Black youth. The current qualitative research was an exploratory study to describe discussions among siblings about sex and sexual health. Individual interviews were conducted with 15 Black youth (7 male, 8 female) from New York City ages 16 to 19 years. Participants were recruited from community agencies serving low income youth. Results indicated that youth had discussions about sex with their siblings. Discussions among siblings included information about sex, conversations about sexual activities and advice about sexual relationships. Some gender differences were observed. Males reported feeling pressure from their male siblings to be engaged in sexual activity. Female youth discussed hearing HIV/AIDS prevention messages from their siblings. Findings highlight the important role that siblings may play in socializing urban Black youth regarding sexuality, sexual health, and HIV/AIDS prevention.
Parents' Definition of Effective Child Disability Support Services: Implications for Implementing Family-Centered Practice

The current study examined parents' perspectives of services within a community-based childhood disability program in the process of enhancing the family centeredness of its services. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 mothers and 22 fathers approximately 18 months after entering the service delivery system. Parents reported that effective service delivery requires service coordinators with interpersonal and practice skills working within an adequately resourced service system that has policies and procedures that are responsive to family needs. Parent feedback was congruent with the principles of family-centered practice and has important implications for the implementation of family-centered services.
Deficiency of volume-regulated ClC-3 chloride channel attenuates cerebrovascular remodelling in DOCA-salt hypertension.

AIMS We have previously demonstrated that ClC-3 chloride channel activity and expression are significantly increased in remodelled cerebral vessels of hypertensive rats. This study aims to examine whether this channel directly regulates cerebrovascular remodelling during hypertension by using ClC-3(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS After DOCA-salt treatment, medial cross-sectional area, media thickness, and media-lumen ratio of the basilar artery of ClC-3(+/+) mice were significantly increased, accompanied by reduced lumen diameter, indicating apparent vascular remodelling. The vascular ultrastructure of ClC-3(+/+) hypertensive mice by electron microscopy revealed obvious disarray of SMCs and extracellular matrix accumulation. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that fibronectin was overexpressed in ClC-3(+/+) DOCA-salt mice. All of these vascular structure alterations were prevented in ClC-3(-/-) mice despite DOCA-salt treatment. However, propranolol, which reduced blood pressure as effectively as ClC-3 deficiency, failed to prevent basilar artery from remodelling. The vascular structure injury in ClC-3(+/+) hypertensive mice was accompanied by significantly increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, membrane-type (MT)1-MMP, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, which was inhibited by ClC-3 knockout. Additionally, the increase in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 level in serum, as well as phosphorylation of Smad3 at serine 423/425 in basilar artery, induced by DOCA-salt, was markedly prevented in ClC-3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ClC-3 deficiency attenuates cerebrovascular remodelling possibly via the suppression of MMPs/TIMP expression and TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathway in this hypertension.
Accreditation of offending behaviour programmes in HM Prison Service: 'What Works' in practice

Purpose. This study assessed the short-term impact of offending behaviour programmes in relation to certain key features of programme delivery identified by an accreditation system. The aim was to further inform the debate on ‘What Works’ in practice by establishing whether well-delivered programmes are more effective. Method. The sample consisted of 5,255 offenders serving custodial sentences in prisons across England and Wales who completed one of two accredited cognitive skills programmes during the financial year 2001/2002. The relationship between a battery of assessment measures, tutor experience, drop-out rates, audit observations and the quality of programme delivery was explored. Results. A positive short-term impact was observed on the majority of assessment measures across both programmes. Patterns of change were broadly similar across gender, age, and ethnic groupings. This short-term impact of the programmes was significantly greater for a group of high-need prisoners and at those sites where tutors were delivering more frequently. Tutor delivery rates were also found to be related to drop-out rates and the quality of programme delivery. Attempts to establish a relationship between ratings of tutor performance from video-monitoring and the short-term impact of the course were unsuccessful. However, at the programme site level, positive correlations were observed between the quality of delivery and other measures of the site's performance. Conclusion. This study shows that programmes do have a short-term impact and that this is greater for higher-need prisoners and at sites where tutors were delivering more frequently. Furthermore, the accreditation system has highlighted key aspects of programme delivery which do appear to influence the short-term effectiveness of the programmes.
The Origin of Multiple B Mating Specificities in Coprinus cinereus

Mushrooms, such as Coprinus cinereus, possess large families of pheromones and G-protein-coupled receptors that are sequestered at the B mating-type locus and whose function is to confer vast numbers of different mating types. This ability results from complex patterns of cognate and noncognate pheromone/receptor pairings, which potentially offer a unique insight into the molecular interaction between receptor and ligand. In this study we have identified many more members of these families by molecular analysis of strains collected worldwide. There are three groups of genes at each B locus. We have identified two alleles of group 1, five alleles of group 2, and seven alleles of group 3, encoding in total 14 different receptors and 29 different pheromones. The specificity of many newly identified alleles was determined by transformation analysis. One striking finding was that receptors fall into groups based on sequence homology but these do not correspond to the groups defined by position, indicating that complex evolutionary processes gave rise to the B loci. While additional allelic versions may occur in nature, the number of B specificities possible by combination of the alleles that we describe is 70, close to previous estimates based on population analysis.
Relationships among Parenting Knowledge, Quality of Stimulation in the Home and Infant Development.

Relationships among parenting knowledge, quality of stimulation in the home environment, and infant developmental performance were investigated in three socioeconomic status groups. The Infant Caregiving Inventory, Home Scale, Griffiths Scale, and Hollingshead Index were used to measure parenting knowledge, quality of stimulation, infant developmental performance, and socioeconomic status, respectively, in 126 families with 6-month-old infants. In low socioeconomic status families, parenting knowledge was significantly associated with quality of stimulation in the home environment, which in turn was significantly related to infant developmental performance. Implications for parent education programs are discussed.
Collaboration of Croatian cultural heritage institutions: experiences from museums

Abstract With the advent of fast-developing information and communication technologies and ever-growing user needs, different but cognate library, archives, and museum (LAM) professions realize that the task of preserving and communicating world heritage surpasses their institutional boundaries, and that their mission would be better accomplished if they collaborated with other institutions within and outside the cultural heritage sector. In 2008, the nature and scope of partnerships in the Croatian LAM sector were analyzed in a large national study. In this paper, the authors present a segment of this study focusing on the museum domain. Results of this research not only can help researchers and professionals to better understand, plan, and organize partnerships involving primarily museums, but also other cultural heritage institutions such as galleries, archives, and libraries.
Derivation of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts.

This report, first published online on March 3, 2004, discusses the procedures used to develop 17 lines of human embryonic stem cells from the inner cell masses of blastocysts. These cell lines are available to researchers under a Material Transfer Agreement; according to current regulations, the cells cannot be used for research supported by federal funds. These cells are expected to facilitate research on a variety of serious chronic diseases.
Cognitive Load and Learner Expertise: Split-Attention and Redundancy Effects in Reading Comprehension Tasks With Vocabulary Definitions

Abstract In 3 experiments, the author examined the effects of cognitive load management by inserting vocabulary definitions into reading passages. In Experiment 1, for 5th-grade readers of English as a 2nd language (ESL), vocabulary definitions integrated within a passage (integrated format) improved comprehension (high-level processing), whereas a separate vocabulary list (separated format) improved vocabulary learning (low-level processing). In Experiment 2, for 8th-grade ESL learners, the separated format improved comprehension, whereas the integrated format improved vocabulary learning. In Experiment 3, with university students, there was a Format × Level interaction effect similar to that in Experiment 2. Efficiency of instruction depends partly on its ability to manage cognitive load. An identical presentation format may facilitate learning by reducing cognitive load but may interfere with learning through either split-attention or redundancy effects, depending on learner expertise. For less experie.
Overcoming Barriers to the Recruitment of Nurses as Participants in Health Care Research

Adequate participant recruitment is critical for the successful execution of research studies involving human subjects. Participant recruitment can be particularly challenging when the intended study participants are health care providers as opposed to patients. Discussions of the challenges and successful strategies associated with provider recruitment are limited, particularly regarding providers other than physicians and settings outside of primary care. Using a case study format, we present our experiences recruiting inpatient nurses into a study which involved focus group methodology at a United States Veterans Health Administration facility. We describe the initial logistical and ethical issues involved, various challenges we encountered, and five successful action strategies used during a second recruitment wave addressing logistical issues; on-site recruitment; increased scheduling flexibility and peer-to-peer recruitment; attention to the sensitive nature of the research topic; and increased involvement of stakeholders. In conclusion, we advocate for multimodal recruitment strategies that facilitate ongoing investigator–clinician partnerships.
An economic experiment reveals that humans prefer pool punishment to maintain the commons

Punishment can stabilize costly cooperation and ensure the success of a common project that is threatened by free-riders. Punishment mechanisms can be classified into pool punishment, where the punishment act is carried out by a paid third party, (e.g. a police system or a sheriff), and peer punishment, where the punishment act is carried out by peers. Which punishment mechanism is preferred when both are concurrently available within a society? In an economic experiment, we show that the majority of subjects choose pool punishment, despite being costly even in the absence of defectors, when second-order free-riders, cooperators that do not punish, are also punished. Pool punishers are mutually enforcing their support for the punishment organization, stably trapping each other. Our experimental results show how organized punishment could have displaced individual punishment in human societies.
Depression Among Latina Cervical Cancer Patients

This study was designed to begin to address gaps in the literature on psychological adjustment in minority cancer patients. We interviewed 50 indigent, Latina cervical cancer patients who were being treated in a large, urban, county hospital. The goals of the study were to describe patients' cancer-related and contextual experiences and to determine whether aspects of patients' experiences could predict depression. Patients reported high levels of depression and of stress related to socioeconomic and immigration status. Although patients appeared to have good social support overall, most wanted additional access to cancer-related support. As hypothesized, contextual variables, general social support and stress, were significant predictors of depression. Additionally, some cancer-related variables, specifically physical symptoms associated with radiation and practical barriers to receiving treatment, added significantly to the prediction of depression