Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Real Value of China's Stock Market

China is the world’s largest investor and greatest contributor to global economic growth by wide margins, and will remain so for many years. The efficiency of its financial system in allocating capital to investment will be important to sustain this growth. This paper shows that China’s stock market has a crucial role to play. Since the reforms of the last decade, China’s stock market has become as informative about future corporate profits as in the US. Moreover, though it is a segmented market, Chinese investors price risk and other stock characteristics remarkably like investors in other large economies. They pay up for large stocks, growth stocks, and long shots, and they discount for illiquidity and market risk. China’s stock market no longer deserves its reputation as a casino. In addition, the trend of stock price informativeness over the last two decades is highly correlated with that of corporate investment efficiency. China’s stock market appears to be aggregating diffuse information and generating useful signals for managers. On the buy side, because of its low correlation with other stock markets and high average returns, China’s stock market offers high alpha to diversified global investors who can access it. Yet this high alpha amounts to an inflated cost of equity capital, constraining the investment of China’s smaller, more profitable enterprises. Further reforms that open this market to global investors and improve stock price informativeness will be important to increase China’s investment efficiency and fuel its continued economic growth. Finally, we interpret the stock market’s recent gyrations through the lens of this research, arguing that its post-crisis lag was a rational downward adjustment to competition from the rapidly expanding shadow banking sector, and its enormous rally last year is a cheer for the roll out of deposit insurance and other Third Plenum reforms. More than ever, China’s stock market is a crucial counterpart to its extraordinary, relationship-driven, but opaque banking sector. China’s stock market may now be the world’s most important crystal ball.
Understanding the Lived Experience of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Dysexecutive Syndrome

Introduction: While evidence suggests that people with multiple sclerosis experience executive function impairment, there is a lack of understanding as to what this means for people within their occupational lives. This study attempted to explore the meanings constructed by individual participants who live with multiple sclerosis and dysexecutive syndrome on a daily basis. Method: Ten community-dwelling adults, diagnosed with clinically definite/probable multiple sclerosis and having performed within the ‘Impaired’ category of the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome, were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: The reported changes in the occupational lives of the participants contributed to significant alterations in the roles they inhabited. There was a substantial cost to personal identity as the participants withdrew from former roles or perceived themselves to be failing within their existing roles, leading to a loss of self-worth and self-esteem. Conclusion: It is evident from the findings of this study that the actual cognitive deficits did not represent the main issue for people within their everyday lives; rather, the putative consequences of executive dysfunction were of much greater concern for them.
Does Flory–Huggins theory help in interpreting solute partitioning experiments?

The development of Flory–Huggins (FH) theory is reviewed, particularly with regard to the molecular significance of the interaction parameter that scales the contact interaction of solute and solvent. The chemical potential given by FH theory for an “idealute” solute is then compared with that provided by a more general, statistical thermodynamic approach. It is found that the FH contact term does not directly correspond to the solvation free energy. The significance of this result for the interpretation of free energies of transfer of a solute from one solvent to another is examined. It is shown that neither the earlier recommended standard free energy change for the process (using the infinitely dilute reference state, mole fraction units) nor the recently recommended FH‐corrected standard free energy change provides the solvation energy desired. Instead, the standard free energy using the infinitely dilute reference state and molarity units, as long advocated by Ben‐Naim, provides the desired solvation free energy. Correction of extant values, based on mole fraction units, is easily made. However, application of such results to problems of protein folding is not straightforward. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Video-Enhanced Activity Schedules and Matrix Training to Teach Sociodramatic Play to a Child with Autism

We evaluated an intervention package for teaching generative sociodramatic play activities to a young boy with an autism spectrum disorder. In Phase 1, the boy learned computer activity schedules that featured embedded video models of what to say and do. A 3 × 3 instructional matrix defined 9 activities to be performed involving combinations of 3 figurines and 3 actions. In Phase 2, the boy learned to use notebook schedules with pictures cuing sequences of different play activities. Phase 3 clarified and expanded the skills learned so far: Across 3 new instructional matrices, the boy learned 3 of the 9 activities within each matrix using video-enhanced computer schedules. For every activity taught directly, nearly 2 additional activities also occurred. The results recommend video-enhanced activity schedules to teach sociodramatic play and the use of matrix training to program for generative learning outcomes.
Soy Saponins Meditate the Progression of Colon Cancer in Rats by Inhibiting the Activity of β-Glucuronidase and the Number of Aberrant Crypt Foci but Not Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity

Objective. The effect of extracted crude soybean saponins on preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and the related mechanism were investigated. Research Methods and Procedures. Rats were assigned into five groups according to different doses of extracted crude soybean saponins and received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injection in week 5. In week 15, all rats were sacrificed. The number of ACFs, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, the level of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), and the activity of β-glucuronidase were examined. Results. Results revealed that the consumption of extracted crude soybean saponins decreased the number of ACFs and the activity of β-glucuronidase in rats, while the expression of COX-2 protein and PGE2 level were not affected. Conclusions. Soybean saponins were effective in inhibiting colon cancer by downregulating the activity of β-glucuronidase in colonic mucosa but not the COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 level.
Global Positioning System Watches for Estimating Energy Expenditure

Abstract Hongu, N, Orr, BJ, Roe, DJ, Reed, RG, and Going, SB. Global positioning system watches for estimating energy expenditure. J Strength Cond Res 27(11): 3216–3220, 2013— Global positioning system (GPS) watches have been introduced commercially, converting frequent measurements of time, location, speed (pace), and elevation into energy expenditure (EE) estimates. The purpose of this study was to compare EE estimates of 4 different GPS watches (Forerunner, Suunto, Polar, Adeo), at various walking speeds, with EE estimate from a triaxial accelerometer (RT3), which was used as a reference measure in this study. Sixteen healthy young adults completed the study. Participants wore 4 different GPS watches and an RT3 accelerometer and walked at 6-minute intervals on an outdoor track at 3 speeds (3, 5, and 7 km/hr). The statistical significance of differences in EE between the 3 watches was assessed using linear contrasts of the coefficients from the overall model. Reliability across trials for a given device was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients as estimated in the mixed model. The GPS watches demonstrated lower reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) across trials when compared with the RT3, particularly at the higher speed, 7 km/hr. Three GPS watches (Forerunner, Polar, and Suunto) significantly and consistently underestimated EE compared with the reference EE given by the RT3 accelerometer (average mean difference: Garmin, −50.5%; Polar, −41.7%; and Suunto, −41.7%; all p < 0.001). Results suggested that caution should be exercised when using commercial GPS watches to estimate EE in athletes during field-based testing and training.
Enhancing Introductory Psychology Students' Appreciation of Research: A Multidimensional Scaling Classroom Activity

In an attempt to influence students' appreciation of the value of research, the authors introduced a multidimensional scaling activity in a section of introductory psychology. In two consecutive 80-minute classes, 32 students worked in pairs, categorizing 20 crimes on the basis of similarity and coding their partner's responses, and then worked in groups of 4, interpreting a 2-dimensional solution of the pooled data. The students' appreciation of the value of research was assessed at the beginning and end of the course, using a second section of 36 students as a comparison group. It was found that appreciation of research increased significantly in the section that completed the activity. The authors recommend incorporating research activities into introductory courses.
From nature table to niche : curriculum progression in ecological concepts

The problems of concept development and progression within ecology teaching are reviewed and discussed with particular reference to the school science curriculum of England and Wales. It is considered that a serious barrier to the teaching of ecology is the over‐emphasis on sophisticated concepts combined with a failure to allow a knowledge of whole organism biology to progress. An innovative alternative progression model for the teaching of ecological concepts is presented. It is based on a series of filaments, representing concept themes, all of which progress in parallel and yet between which the emphasis shifts laterally. The model facilitates the tracing of pathways of progression and integration as part of curriculum development and it is suggested that this approach could be profitably applied to other scientific disciplines.
A computational analysis of the relationship between neuronal and behavioral responses to visual motion

We have documented previously a close relationship between neuronal activity in the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) and behavioral judgments of motion (Newsome et al., 1989; Salzman et al., 1990; Britten et al., 1992; Britten et al., 1996). We have now used numerical simulations to try to understand how neural signals in area MT support psychophysical decisions. We developed a model that pools neuronal responses drawn from our physiological data set and compares average responses in different pools to produce psychophysical decisions. The structure of the model allows us to assess the relationship between “neuronal” input signals and simulated psychophysical performance using the same methods we have applied to real experimental data. We sought to reconcile three experimental observations: psychophysical performance (threshold sensitivity to motion stimuli embedded in noise), a trial-by-trial covariation between the neural response and the monkey's choices, and a modest correlation between pairs of MT neurons in their variable responses to identical visual stimuli. Our results can be most accurately simulated if psychophysical decisions are based on pools of at least 100 weakly correlated sensory neurons. The neurons composing the pools must include a broader range of sensitivities than we encountered in our MT recordings, presumably because of the inclusion of neurons whose optimal stimulus is different from the one being discriminated. Central sources of noise degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of the pooled signal, but this degradation is relatively small compared with the noise typically carried by single cortical neurons. This suggests that our monkeys base near-threshold psychophysical judgments on signals carried by populations of weakly interacting neurons; these populations include many neurons that are not tuned optimally for the particular stimuli being discriminated.
Paths of Power: Traditional Palestinian Women Healers in Israel

This article presents a coping path currently available to Palestinian women in Israel—the vocation of traditional healing. Traditional healing is, by and large, considered as an acceptable vocation in the Palestinian society in Israel, even as a women’s vocation. It is identified with folk culture and local ethnicity, with common theories of disease and medicinal herbs that are part of the local landscape. The traditional women healers are considered by most of their community members as experts of the accepted values— collectivism and patriarchy—and are crowned as agents of socialization and acculturation for younger women. Although traditional healing is identified, in many ways, with the past, with conservatism and authenticity, for Palestinian women in Israel, it comprises a coping path also in the current, liberal and global reality. This path utilizes a culturally accepted way for Palestinian women to realize exceptional independence, influence and power. On the individual level, the vocation of traditional healing provides the women healers a route to self-realization, personal power, and enhanced self-esteem. On the social level, it provides the women healers with authority and influence among their families, their patients and to a certain extent, among the community at large. The current article examines the coping means which the vocation of traditional healing offers to Palestinian women in Israel. It commences with a description of traditional healing among Palestinians in Israel, of the coping paths available to Muslim women in the Middle East and a methodological survey. Subsequently, the article presents the coping means that traditional healing provides women while distinguishing between
Automated generation and parameterization of throughput models for semiconductor tools

Cluster tools play an important role in modern semiconductor fabs. Due to their complexity in configuration and their varying material flow, the creation of accurate throughput models for cluster tools is a demanding task. Proposed analytical approaches are either quite intricate and require manual maintenance process, or are inexact due to reliance on lot-level events. This paper presents an approach for the automated generation and parameterization of detailed cluster tool models based on bottleneck analysis. Equipment configuration as well as all throughput model base data is extracted from recent equipment reporting data.
Let's Dialogue About Penny: Effectiveness of Dialogue Involvement and Legitimizing Paltry Contribution Techniques1

Earlier research has shown (Cialdini & Schroeder, 1976) that the statement “Even a penny will help” added to a standard request for charity donation considerably increases the probability of carrying it out. The present study tested the effectiveness of this technique in various contexts in a set of 3 field experiments conducted on the streets of 2 Polish cities. The results proved, first, that success can be strengthened when combined with a dialogue in which a requester is involved prior to being asked for a donation. Second, it was shown that the dialogue itself produced more compliance than did a monologue. Third, it was demonstrated that dialogue related to the content of the requested issue may or may not result in an increase in compliance, presumably depending on the in-group/out-group focus of the dialogue’s content. Practical implications for charity donation are offered.
Domains for Higher-Order Games

We study two-player inclusion games played over word-generating higher-order recursion schemes. While inclusion checks are known to capture verification problems, two-player games generalise this relationship to include program synthesis. In such games, non-terminals of the grammar are controlled by opposing players. The goal of the existential player is to avoid producing a word that lies outside of a regular language of unsafe words. We contribute a new domain that provides a representation of the winning region of such games. Our domain is based on (functions over) potentially infinite Boolean formulas with words as atomic propositions. We develop an abstract interpretation framework that we instantiate to abstract this domain into a domain where the propositions are replaced by states of a finite automaton. This second domain is therefore finite and we obtain, via standard fixed point techniques, a direct algorithm for the analysis of two-player inclusion games. We show, via a second instantiation of the framework, that our finite domain can be optimised, leading to a (k+1)EXP algorithm for order-k recursion schemes. We give a matching lower bound, showing that our approach is optimal. Since our approach is based on standard Kleene iteration, existing techniques and tools for fixed point computations can be applied.
Identifying Stressors and Coping Strategies in Two-Generation Farm Families.

This study examined the stressors and coping strategies of two-generation farm families. Results identified fourkey factors creating stressors for family members. Also, four main strategies that family members used to cope with stressors were identified. Significant differences in stressors and coping strategies were found between generations and among fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters-in-law. Implications for researchers, practitioners working with farm families, and educators were discussed.
Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan

In this paper, the study was conducted across the country to assess the rainfall trend in different climate zones of Pakistan over the past three decades. antalya escort For this purpose dataset comprising 30 years for the period 1976 to 2005 were acquired from 30 meteorological observatories from different parts of the country. The whole data was analyzed through Analysis Of Variations (ANOVA) along Dunnett T3 test. The result has shown a decreasing trend (-1.18mm/decade) all over the country, which may be attributed to the presence of drought period during 1998-2001. Stations located in different zones of the country mainly from North, North West, West and Coastal areas respectively show overall significant decreasing trend whereas plain areas and South West of the coun try have been observed with no significant trend. Adverse consequences of the rainfall have already been observed in Pakistan in the form of droughts and super floods which have badly affected human settlements, water management and agriculture sectors. rus escort
Opposition to the Designation of Protected Areas in Germany

Opposition to the establishment of nature protection areas in Germany is widespread and growing to the point where any designation is becoming increasingly difficult to implement. This paper seeks to make explicit how and why that opposition has arisen. It draws on two socio-psychological theories, namely the social identity theory and the theory of psychological reactance, to provide an explanation. The analysis shows that many motivations are involved, even for the same individuals. Popular resistance does appear to create group solidarities and to reinforce insular attitudes. These outcomes in socio-psychological behaviour in turn create serious misunderstandings between protagonists and antagonists. The paper concludes by discussing possible ways for reconciling different outlooks, and for reinterpreting prejudices, by introducing more reliable forms of effective partnerships between proponents and possible opponents.
Values education as holistic development for all sectors: researching for effective pedagogy

The paper argues that values education has moved from being associated most heavily with the religious agenda of faith schools to being central to updated research insights into effective pedagogy. As such, it represents a vital approach to education in any school setting. The paper draws on an array of values education research and practice in making the case but centres especially on findings from a number of recent publicly funded projects in Australia with which the authors have been associated. Of special importance is evidence from the Values Education Good Practice Schools Project and the Project to Test and Measure the Impact of Values Education on Student Effects and School Ambience that provide both anecdotal and empirical evidence that high quality values education contributes to holistic educational development, including academic advancement, of students across all school sectors.
Assessment of Toxicity of Some Penta- and Hexacoordinated Organotin(IV) and Tetracoordinated Tin(II) Complexes of Heterocyclic β-Diketones

A number of penta- and hexacoordinated organotin(IV) complexes and tetracoordinated tin(II) complexes of compositions Me2SnCl[RCOC:CON(C6H5)N:C⎴CH3] (where R = − CH3, −p−ClC6H4, and −C6H5), Me2Sn[RCOC:CON(C6H5)N:C⎴CH3]2 (where R = −CH3, and −C6H5), and Sn(II) [RCOC:CON(C6H5)N:C⎴CH3]2 (where R = −p−ClC6H4 and −C6H5) were screened for their toxicity against Musca domestica (house fly). In general, organotin(IV) complexes contribute more to the activity than tin(II) complexes.
Engineers and Engineeresses? Self-conceptions and the Development of Gendered Professional Identities

Do men and women in the same field develop different professional identities? This paper theoretically articulates and empirically explores a mechanism of such gendering: Self-conceptions may filter the identity traits emphasized by professional cultures so that only traits consistent with one’s self-conceptions are likely to be adopted into one’s professional identity. As such, systematic gender differences in self-conceptions may be relayed into gender variation in professional identities. Using longitudinal survey data of engineering students from four U.S. colleges, I find that four self-conceptions, two gendered and two gender-neutral, predict students’ adoption of four professional identity traits: problem-solving prowess, technological leadership, managerial/communication skills, and social consciousness. Two of these traits are gendered: Women are less likely than men to value technological leadership but more likely to value social consciousness. Suggesting possible career consequences of professional identities, I find that three professional identity traits predict students’ intentions to remain in engineering.
Stylistics, criticism and mythrepresentation again: squaring the circle with Ray Mackay's subjective solution for all problems

This article is a response to an article by Ray Mackay (1996) which constitutes an attack on stylistic analysis in general, and the writings of the above authors and Ron Carter in particular. Mackay's article (in Language and Communication) accuses stylistics of 'scientificness' and claims that its attempt to provide objective analyses of literary texts is futile.1 We suggest that Mackay has misrepresented what stylisticians have said about objectivity, and that his understanding of objectivity, science and the nature of text-interpretative argument is seriously flawed.