Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Distinct Psychology of Smartphone Usage

It is estimated that 80% of adults worldwide will own a smartphone within the next few years (The Economist 2015), and consumers are now spending a greater amount of time on their smartphone than any of their other technological devices (Millward Brown 2014). While the marketing implications of mobile platforms are receiving emerging attention in the marketing modeling literature (e.g. Danaher et al. 2015, Ghose et al. 2013, Sultan et al. 2009), still very little is known about the consumption psychology of smartphone usage. Across six studies, including two field studies, I show that consumers form a stronger emotional attachment to their smartphone than they do to comparable devices, and that this attachment has significant downstream consequences for consumer behavior. In the first set of studies I examine how this emotional attachment impacts the type of user-generated content created on the device. Across two field studies and two controlled experiments, I find that smartphone usage drives the creation of content that is more emotional – and more impactful – than content generated on PCs. In a second set of studies, I test the idea that smartphones are unique in that they effectively serve as an “adult pacifier” compared to other technologies. Consistent with this idea, in a controlled lab study I find that consumers who engage with their smartphones feel a greater sense of comfort than consumers who engage with their PCs. In a second lab study, I show that smartphones also provide a greater sense relief following a stressful situation relative to PCs, leading to a faster recovery from stress and significantly higher levels of comfort. Overall, these findings suggest that smartphone usage is changing how consumers feel, and the ways in which they express themselves. Abstract The Distinct Psychology of Smartphone Usage
A Common Anterior Insula Representation of Disgust Observation, Experience and Imagination Shows Divergent Functional Connectivity Pathways

Similar brain regions are involved when we imagine, observe and execute an action. Is the same true for emotions? Here, the same subjects were scanned while they (a) experience, (b) view someone else experiencing and (c) imagine experiencing gustatory emotions (through script-driven imagery). Capitalizing on the fact that disgust is repeatedly inducible within the scanner environment, we scanned the same participants while they (a) view actors taste the content of a cup and look disgusted (b) tasted unpleasant bitter liquids to induce disgust, and (c) read and imagine scenarios involving disgust and their neutral counterparts. To reduce habituation, we inter-mixed trials of positive emotions in all three scanning experiments. We found voxels in the anterior Insula and adjacent frontal operculum to be involved in all three modalities of disgust, suggesting that simulation in the context of social perception and mental imagery of disgust share a common neural substrates. Using effective connectivity, this shared region however was found to be embedded in distinct functional circuits during the three modalities, suggesting why observing, imagining and experiencing an emotion feels so different.
TGF-β autocrine pathway and MAPK signaling promote cell invasiveness and in vivo mammary adenocarcinoma tumor progression

Breast cancer progression and metastasis have been linked to abnormal signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines. In early-stage breast cancers, TGF-β exhibits tumor suppressor activity by repressing cell proliferation and inducing cell death, whereas in advanced-stage tumors, TGF-β promotes invasion and metastatic dissemination. The molecular mechanisms underlying pro-oncogenic activities of TGF-β are not fully understood. The present study validates the role of TGF-β signaling in cancer progression and explores mediators of pro-oncogenic TGF-β activities using the LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, derived from a spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Expression of kinase-inactive TGF-β receptors decreased both basal and TGF-β-induced invasion. Analysis of signal transduction mediators showed that p38MAPK and MEK contribute to TGF-β stimulation of cell motility and invasion. TGF-β disrupted the epithelial actin structures supporting cell-cell adhesions, and increased linear actin filaments. Moreover, MEK and p38MAPK pathways showed opposite effects on actin remodeling in response to TGF-β. Blockade of Raf-MEK signaling enhanced TGF-β induction of actin stress-fibers whereas p38MAPK inhibitors blocked this effect. A novel observation was made that TGF-β rapidly activates the actin nucleation Arp2/3 complex. In addition, TGF-β stimulated matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 secretion via a MAPK-independent pathway. Experiments using syngeneic mice showed that kinase-inactive TGF-β receptors inhibit the first stages of LM3 tumor growth in vivo. Our studies demonstrate that autocrine TGF-β signaling contributes to the invasive behavior of mammary carcinoma cells. Moreover, we show that both MAPK-dependent and -independent pathways are necessary for TGF-β-induced effects. Therefore, MEK-ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are potential venues for therapeutic intervention in pro-oncogenic TGF-β signaling.
Aging-aware logic synthesis

As CMOS technology scales down into the nanometer regime, designers have to add pessimistic timing margins to the circuit as guardbands to avoid timing violations due to various reliability effects, in particular accelerated transistor aging. Since aging is workload-dependent, the aging rates of different paths are non-uniform, and hence, design time delay-balanced circuits become significantly unbalanced after some operational time. In this paper, an aging-aware logic synthesis approach is proposed to increase circuit lifetime with respect to a specific guardband. Our main objective is to optimize the design timing with respect to post-aging delay in a way that all paths reach the assigned guardband at the same time. In this regard, in an iterative process, after computing the post-aging delays, the lifetime is improved by putting tighter timing constraints on paths with higher aging rate and looser constraints on paths which have less post-aging delay than the desired guarband. The experimental results shows that the proposed approach improves circuit lifetime in average by more than 3X with negligible impact on area. Our approach is implemented on top of a commercial synthesis toolchain, and hence scales very well.
An Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition

Based on a detailed discussion regarding the attributes of so-called ride waves and the shortages of the classical empirical mode decomposition, this paper presents an improved method. A key point of the proposed method is that the ride waves in a signal should been first removed as independent components before the classical empirical mode decomposition is conducted. Experiments have shown that the proposed method makes much physical sense and the final presentation‐Hilbert spectrum gives sharper localication both on time and frequency fields.
Characterisation of Host Growth after Infection with a Broad-Range Freshwater Cyanopodophage

Freshwater cyanophages are poorly characterised in comparison to their marine counterparts, however, the level of genetic diversity that exists in freshwater cyanophage communities is likely to exceed that found in marine environments, due to the habitat heterogeneity within freshwater systems. Many cyanophages are specialists, infecting a single host species or strain; however, some are less fastidious and infect a number of different host genotypes within the same species or even hosts from different genera. Few instances of host growth characterisation after infection by broad host-range phages have been described. Here we provide an initial characterisation of interactions between a cyanophage isolated from a freshwater fishing lake in the south of England and its hosts. Designated ΦMHI42, the phage is able to infect isolates from two genera of freshwater cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy indicate that ΦMHI42 is a member of the Podoviridae, albeit with a larger than expected capsid. The kinetics of host growth after infection with ΦMHI42 differed across host genera, species and strains in a way that was not related to the growth rate of the uninfected host. To our knowledge, this is the first characterisation of the growth of cyanobacteria in the presence of a broad host-range freshwater cyanophage.
Hawking Radiation via Higher-spin Gauge Anomalies

We give a higher-spin generalization of the anomaly method for the Hawking radiation from black holes. In the paper [S. Iso, T. Morita, and H. Umetsu, arXiv:0710.0453. ] higher-spin generalizations of the gauge (and gravitational) anomalies in d = 2 were obtained. By applying these anomalies to black hole physics, we derive the higher moments of the Hawking fluxes. We also give a higher-spin generalization of the trace anomaly method by Christensen and Fulling [S. Christensen and S. Fulling, Phys. Rev. D 15, 2088 (1977). ].
On (non-)finiteness in Inuktitut

In this paper we examine the appropriateness of the term 'non-finite' for a construction in Inuktitut containing the mood morpheme -llu- (which has been variously labelled participial, appositional, etc.). We find that the label non-finite is conventionally used when a minimal (but not fixed) set of properties is found. We conclude that -llu- does not this minimal requirement and is therefore not non-finite.
Neighborhood effects for aging in place: a transdisciplinary framework toward health-promoting settings

ABSTRACT The premise of promoting aging in place is that neighborhoods can enhance or protect older adults’ health. But progress toward health-promoting settings has been slow in practice given limited understanding of causal pathways to facilitate targeted interventions in the built and social environment of neighborhoods. This article compares the effects of neighborhood built and social environment on older adults’ physical and psychosocial health by reviewing relevant articles from three interdisciplinary databases. With reference to an Urban Space Framework, 51 relevant articles were analyzed in four categories, each of which compares the significance of two pairs of relationships in the environment and health nexus. Whereas neighborhood social environment has more significant relationship with older adults’ psychosocial health, the findings for neighborhood built environment are mixed. A resultant transdisciplinary framework links the urban design of neighborhoods to older adults’ health via neighborhood social environment and older adults’ psychosocial health, given fulfillment of macro level health prerequisites. The article concludes with a discussion on the utility of the framework to facilitate research on micro level causal pathways from neighborhood built environment to older adults’ health.
The role of the acoustic radiation force in color Doppler twinkling artifacts

Purpose: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate whether the acoustic radiation force (ARF) is a potential source of twinkling artifacts in color Doppler images. Methods: Color Doppler images were obtained using a clinical ultrasonic scanner (Voluson e, GE Healthcare) for a high contrast (+15 dB) circular scattering phantom at pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) ranging from 0.1 to 13 kHz. Ultrasound transmissions resulting in ARF were measured using a hydrophone at the various PRFs considered. The influence of ARF on the appearance of twinkling colors was examined via the common parameter PRF. This methodology is based on the fact that alternating positive and negative Doppler shifts induced by the ARF are centered at a PRF twice the maximum Doppler frequency on the color scale bar, whereas the twinkling color aliasing is expected to remain similar regardless of PRF. Results: Color twinkling artifacts were observed to be most conspicuous at the lowest PRF of 0.1 kHz. The extent of twinkling rapidly decreased as the PRF increased, eventually disappearing when the PRF ≥0.6 kHz. The measured ultrasound transmissions, however, were found to be insensitive to the PRF, and therefore it can be inferred that the PRF was insensitive to the ARF. Conclusion: Based on our experimental observations, the ARF may not be a source of color Doppler twinkling artifacts.
A Synthetic Polyphosphoinositide Headgroup Surrogate in Complex with SHIP2 Provides a Rationale for Drug Discovery

Phosphoinositides regulate many cellular processes, and cellular levels are controlled by kinases and phosphatases. SHIP2 (SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing inositol-phosphatase-2) plays a critical role in phosphoinositide signaling, cleaving the 5-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. SHIP2 is thought to be involved in type-2 diabetes and obesity, conditions that could therefore be open to pharmacological modulation of the enzyme. However, rational design of SHIP2 inhibitors has been limited by the absence of a high-resolution structure. Here, we present a 2.1 Å resolution crystal structure of the phosphatase domain of SHIP2 bound to the synthetic ligand biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6-pentakisphosphate (BiPh(2,3′,4,5′,6)P5). BiPh(2,3′,4,5′,6)P5 is not a SHIP2 substrate but inhibits Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 hydrolysis with an IC50 of 24.8 ± 3.0 μM, (Km for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 is 215 ± 28 μM). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that when BiPh(2,3′,4,5′,6)P5 binds to SHIP2, a flexible loop folds over and encloses the ligand. Compounds targeting such a closed conformation might therefore deliver SHIP2-specific drugs.
Students’ perceptions of a marine education program at a junior high school in Japan with a specific focus on Satoumi

Abstract In many coastal areas of Japan, local fishermen manage fish and other marine resources in a sustainable manner. Such areas are referred to as Satoumi. In this study, we focused on Hinase Junior High School in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, which is implementing a proactive marine education program in collaboration with local fishermen to maintain Satoumi. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the students (n = 108; thirty-six students in each grade [seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders]) at Hinase Junior High School. Using the grounded theory, we identified students’ perceptions of this program as well as of the sea. The results revealed that the program appears to have changed students’ perceptions, such as recognizing the importance of the sea and eelgrass as well as their behavior such that they no longer throw waste into the sea. The higher the grade level was, the more that students felt close to and were willing to care for the sea. Our study suggests that the program has helped to develop individuals who are knowledgeable about the fishing community of Hinase, fishermen’s roles, and activities that would contribute to biodiversity conservation and who are motivated to conserve Satoumi in the future.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stimulant medications as cognitive enhancers

Recent increases in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses, and the escalation of stimulant prescriptions, has raised concern about diversion and abuse of stimulants, as well as the ethics of using these drugs as “cognitive enhancers. ”Such concern appears misplaced in the face of substantial evidence that stimulant drugs do not improve the academic performance of ADHD-diagnosed students. Moreover, numerous studies have found little or no benefit of stimulants on neuropsychological tests of ADHD-diagnosed as well as normal, individuals. This paper examines the apparent paradox: why don't drugs that improve “attention,” produce better academic outcomes in ADHD-diagnosed students? We found that stimulant drugs significantly improved impairment of episodic memory in ADHD-diagnosed undergraduate students. Nevertheless, we also found consistent academic deficits between ADHD students and their non-ADHD counterparts, regardless of whether or not they used stimulant medications. We reviewed the current literature on the behavioral effects of stimulants, to try to find an explanation for these conflicting phenomena. Across a variety of behavioral tasks, stimulants have been shown to reduce emotional reactions to frustration, improve the ability to detect errors, and increase effortful behavior. However, all of these effects would presumably enhance academic performance. On the other hand, the drugs were also found to promote “risky behavior” and to increase susceptibility to environmental distraction. Such negative effects, including the use of drugs to promote wakefulness for last minute study, might explain the lack of academic benefit in the “real world,” despite their cognitive potential. Like many drugs, stimulants influence behavior in multiple ways, depending on the environmental contingencies. Depending on the circumstances, stimulants may, or may not, enhance cognition.
DISTANCE GEOMETRY IN QUASIHYPERMETRIC SPACES. I

Let ( X , d ) be a compact metric space and let ℳ( X ) denote the space of all finite signed Borel measures on X . Define I :ℳ( X )→ℝ by and set M ( X )=sup I ( μ ), where μ ranges over the collection of signed measures in ℳ( X ) of total mass 1. The metric space ( X , d ) is quasihypermetric if for all n ∈ℕ, all α 1 ,…, α n ∈ℝ satisfying ∑ i =1 n α i =0 and all x 1 ,…, x n ∈ X , the inequality ∑ i , j =1 n α i α j d ( x i , x j )≤0 holds. Without the quasihypermetric property M ( X ) is infinite, while with the property a natural semi-inner product structure becomes available on ℳ 0 ( X ), the subspace of ℳ( X ) of all measures of total mass 0. This paper explores: operators and functionals which provide natural links between the metric structure of ( X , d ), the semi-inner product space structure of ℳ 0 ( X ) and the Banach space C ( X ) of continuous real-valued functions on X ; conditions equivalent to the quasihypermetric property; the topological properties of ℳ 0 ( X ) with the topology induced by the semi-inner product, and especially the relation of this topology to the weak-* topology and the measure-norm topology on ℳ 0 ( X ); and the functional-analytic properties of ℳ 0 ( X ) as a semi-inner product space, including the question of its completeness. A later paper [P. Nickolas and R. Wolf, Distance geometry in quasihypermetric spaces. II, Math. Nachr. , accepted] will apply the work of this paper to a detailed analysis of the constant M ( X ).
Validity Generalization as a Continuum

Tett, Hundley, and Christiansen (2017) make a compelling case against meta-analyses that focus on mean effect sizes (e.g., rxy and ρ) while largely disregarding the precision of the estimate and true score variance. This is a reasonable point, but meta-analyses that myopically focus on mean effects at the expense of variance are not examples of validity generalization (VG)—they are examples of bad meta-analyses. VG and situational specificity (SS) fall along a continuum, and claims about generalization are confined to the research question and the type of generalization one is seeking (e.g., directional generalization, magnitude generalization). What Tett et al. (2017) successfully debunk is an extreme position along the generalization continuum significantly beyond the tenets of VG that few, if any, in the research community hold. The position they argue against is essentially a fixed-effects assumption, which runs counter to VG. Describing VG in this way is akin to describing SS as a position that completely ignores sampling error and treats every between-sample difference in effect size as true score variance. Both are strawmen that were knocked down decades ago (Schmidt et al., 1985). There is great value in debating whether a researcher should or can argue for generalization, but this debate must start with (a) an accurate portrayal of VG, (b) a discussion of different forms of generalization, and (c) the costs of trying to establish universal thresholds for VG.
ENVELOPE MODEL OF ISOLATED MUSICAL SOUNDS

ABSTRACT This paper presents a model of the envelope of the additiveparameters of isolated musical sounds, along with a newmethod for the estimation of the important envelope split-point times.The model consists of start, attack, sustain, release, and endsegments with variable split-point amplitude and time. Theestimation of the times is done using smoothed derivativesof the envelopes.The estimated split-point values can be used together with acurve-form model introduced in this paper in theanalysis/synthesis of musical sounds. The envelope modelcan recreate noise-less musical sounds with good fidelity,and the method for the estimation of the envelope timesperforms significantly better than the classical percentage-based method. 1. INTRODUCTION The envelope is the evolution over time of the amplitude ofa sound. It is one of the important timbre attributes. Theenvelope model presented in this paper is relatively simple,as compared with the piece-wise linear model [1], havingonly 4 split-points. The five segments of the model are thestart, attack, sustain (or decay), release and end segment.The model introduced in this work combines the intuitivesimplicity of the envelope model with the flexibility of theadditive model. The idea is to model the amplitude of eachpartial as four time/value pairs. Furthermore, the intervalbetween each split-point is modeled by a curve the qualityof which (exponential/logarithmic) can be varied with oneparameter. All split-point are variable and in particular, byusing variable start of release split-point amplitude, bothsustained and percussive sounds can be modeled. Theenvelope model can be seen in figure 1.A new method introduced here finds the envelope split-point times by analyzing the derivatives of the amplitude.The derivative of the envelope has been shown to becorrelated with the perceptual attack time of musical sounds[2]. This method performs significantly better than the classicalpercentage-based method, in which the times are found bylooking at the first (and last) time the amplitude is above athreshold. The method presented here permits, for instance,to estimate correctly the start of release times of the pianopartials.The envelope model can be used in synthesis of musicalsounds, and the envelope model parameters can be used inresearch involving the perception of sounds [3], in theanalysis of the evolution of the envelope parameters [4] andin the classification of musical sounds [5]. The envelopemodel is also suitable for use in timbre morphing [4].