Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Valuing and Defending: A New Natural Law Approach to the Family

Valuing and Defending: A New Natural Law Approach to the Family Stephen W. Francis Department of Psychology, BYU Master of Science Social science theories applied to the family make certain assumptions in the analytic categories of value-neutrality vs. value-ladenness, positivism vs. hermeneutics, and determinism vs. moral agency. New natural law, a different theory from the body of classical forms of natural law, provides a unique approach to the study of the family. New natural law provides a defense for the traditional conjugal family as well as provides difference conclusions and implications for empirical research.
Neonatal hip instability: a prospective comparison of clinical examination and anterior dynamic ultrasound

Background: Ultrasound is increasingly being used to complement the clinical examination in assessing neonatal hip instability. The clinical examination, although highly sensitive in detecting hip instability, can lead to considerable overtreatment. Purpose: To compare anterior dynamic ultrasound and clinical examination in the assessment of neonatal hip instability and regarding treatment rates. Material and Methods: 536 newborn infants (out of a population of 18,031) were selected, on the basis of a combination of risk factors, clinical signs of hip instability or ambiguous clinical findings, to undergo an anterior dynamic ultrasound examination of the hip, by a method developed by our group. This examination, performed by one out of seven experienced examiners, was compared with the standard clinical hip examination conducted by one of four pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The clinical examination was carried out both prior to and within a few hours after the ultrasound examination. Results: The clinical examination diagnosed 81.7% of the hips as normal, 14.5% as unstable, and 3.8% as dislocatable or dislocated. With the dynamic ultrasound method, the corresponding figures were 87.8%, 10.4%, and 1.8%, respectively. Use of the criteria of the clinical examination resulted in treatment of 147 infants. Using the dynamic ultrasound examination as a criterion meant that 87 infants would receive treatment. The calculated treatment rate was 0.85% when based on the clinical stress test and 0.49% when based on the dynamic ultrasound. Conclusion: The dynamic ultrasound results reduced the treatment rate by over 40% when used as a basis for the decision regarding treatment.
[Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with compliance to methylphenidate treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the rate of treatment compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that were newly prescribed methylphenidate, and to evaluate the associated clinical and sociodemographic factors, as well as parental concerns about drug treatment. METHOD The sample of this prospective and observational study consisted of 238 children aged 7-18 years with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. At the end of the first year, the study sample was splitted into 2 groups; compliant and non-compliant. Parental attitudes toward drug therapy, and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups were compared. A clinician rated parental concerns about drug treatment 4-6 weeks after the interview that was conducted in order to inform them about methylphenidate therapy. Regarding a minimum requirement of 5 days weekly dosage and drug holidays, cases that took more than 70% of the recommended methylphenidate dose at the end of the first year were described as compliant. RESULTS At the end of the first year of treatment, the drug compliance rate was 80.3% (n= 191). The non-compliant group consisted of older children. A significant difference was observed between the compliant and non-compliant groups in terms of parental approach toward drug treatment. Children in the non-compliant group had parents that had doubts about pharmacotherapy and these children were less compliant with methylphenidate treatment. CONCLUSION Parental concerns about methylphenidate treatment in ADHD may influence treatment compliance. Additionally, it is suggested that developmental psychological characteristics associated with adolescence may also be important.
Association of depression with viral load, CD8 T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in women with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE Clinical and epidemiology studies have implicated depression as a risk factor in the morbidity and mortality of many human diseases. This study sought to determine if depression was associated with alterations in cellular immunity variables-specifically, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T lymphocytes-in women with HIV infection. METHOD Ninety-three women (63 HIV-seropositive, 30 HIV-seronegative) were studied as part of an ongoing longitudinal study conducted at two sites. Subjects underwent extensive clinical, psychiatric, and immunological evaluations. CBC counts and flow cytometry panels were conducted and NK cell activity assayed for all subjects; viral load was determined for HIV-seropositive subjects. RESULTS The overall rate of major depression in the HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women was 15.87% (N=10 of 63) and 10.00% (N=3 of 30), respectively. HIV-seropositive women had higher depressive symptom scores than did the comparison subjects (Hamilton depression scale: mean=8.62 [SD=7.26] versus mean=5.67 [SD=7.33], respectively). Both groups had similar anxiety scores. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with higher activated CD8 T lymphocyte counts and higher viral load levels. Major depression was associated with significantly lower natural killer cell activity, and depressive and anxiety symptom scores showed a similar correlation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first evidence that depression may alter the function of killer lymphocytes in HIV-infected women and suggest that depression may decrease natural killer cell activity and lead to an increase in activated CD8 T lymphocytes and viral load. The rate of current major depression in these HIV-seropositive women (none of whom had current substance abuse) is approximately twice that reported for HIV-seropositive men. The rate is also consistent with studies of women with other medical illnesses and with a recent epidemiology study that associated depression with mortality in HIV-infected women with chronic depressive symptoms. Depression may have a negative impact on innate immunity. Examination of killer lymphocytes may prove useful in assessing the potential relationship between depression, immunity, and HIV disease progression in women.
Oxaliplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy without Radiotherapy Can Improve the Survival of Locally-Advanced Rectal Cancer

Objective To assess the impact of oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of patients with locally-advanced rectal cancer. Methods Data on patients with pathologically-confirmed T3/4 or N1/2 rectal cancer who accepted radical surgery at our center from January 2002 to June 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by comparing those who accepted radical surgery only (Group S) with those who accepted radical surgery and oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy (Group SO). Results A total of 236 patients were analyzed (Group S 135; Group SO 101). Group S patients were older and had a higher proportion with stage II disease and more perioperative complications than those in Group SO (P<0.05). The OS and DSS of patients with stage III disease under 50 years of age or with mucinous adenocarcinoma were higher in Group SO than Group S (P<0.05). In addition, the OS of patients with stage N2b disease was higher in Group SO than Group S (P = 0.016), and the OS of patients with stage N1a or N2b disease who received more than 8 weeks of oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy was also higher in Group SO than Group S (P<0.05). Although the OS and DSS of patients with stage II disease in Group SO showed a tendency towards improvement, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion Adjuvant oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy can improve the survival of patients with locally-advanced low and middle rectal cancers in comparison with observation. Randomized, prospective trials are warranted to confirm this benefit of oxaliplatin for rectal cancer.
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis identifies RUNX genes involved in chronic myeloid leukemia disease persistence under imatinib treatment

The kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate targeting the oncoprotein Bcr-Abl has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, even though imatinib successfully controls the leukemia in chronic phase, it seems not to be able to cure the disease, potentially necessitating lifelong treatment with the inhibitor under constant risk of relapse. On a molecular level, the cause of disease persistence is not well understood. Initial studies implied that innate features of primitive progenitor cancer stem cells may be responsible for the phenomenon. Here, we describe an assay using retroviral insertional mutagenesis (RIM) to identify genes contributing to disease persistence in vivo. We transplanted mice with bone marrow cells retrovirally infected with the Bcr-Abl oncogene and subsequently treated the animals with imatinib to select for leukemic cells in which the proviral integration had affected genes modulating the imatinib response. Southern blot analysis demonstrated clonal outgrowth of cells carrying similar integration sites. Candidate genes located near the proviral insertion sites were identified, among them the transcription factor RUNX3. Proviral integration near the RUNX3 promoter induced RUNX3 expression, and Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines with stable or inducible expression of RUNX1 or RUNX3 were protected from imatinib-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, imatinib treatment selected for RUNX1-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo after infection of primary bone marrow cells with Bcr-Abl and RUNX1. Our results demonstrate the utility of RIM for probing molecular modulators of targeted therapies and suggest a role for members of the RUNX transcription factor family in disease persistence in CML patients.
Whole Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Suggests Mitochondria Divide by Budding

Abstract Eukaryotes rely on mitochondrial division to guarantee that each new generation of cells acquires an adequate number of mitochondria. Mitochondrial division has long been thought to occur by binary fission and, more recently, evidence has supported the idea that binary fission is mediated by dynamin-related protein (Drp1) and the endoplasmic reticulum. However, studies to date have depended on fluorescence microscopy and conventional electron microscopy. Here, we utilize whole cell cryo-electron tomography to visualize mitochondrial division in frozen hydrated intact HeLa cells. We observe a large number of relatively small mitochondria protruding from and connected to large mitochondria or mitochondrial networks. Therefore, this study provides evidence that mitochondria divide by budding.
Is the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Still Relevant? A Test of Independent Grandiosity and Entitlement Scales in the Assessment of Narcissism

Some scholars have called for the replacement of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) with more narrow scales measuring grandiosity and entitlement instead. In the current study, the authors examined the relations among the NPI and measures of grandiosity and entitlement, as well as in relation to a measure of the Five-Factor Model (FFM). The NPI manifested significant correlations with the alternative scales of entitlement and grandiosity and relatively similar patterns of correlations with the FFM traits. Of note, the NPI manifested significant incremental validity in the prediction of several FFM traits that are central to the conceptualization of narcissism. These findings suggest that some caution must be used before assuming that these lower-order scales can be used to replace the NPI in the assessment of narcissism.
S(+)-ibuprofen destabilizes MYC/MYCN and AKT, increases p53 expression, and induces unfolded protein response and favorable phenotype in neuroblastoma cell lines

Neuroblastoma is a common pediatric solid tumor that exhibits a striking clinical bipolarity favorable and unfavorable. The survival rate of children with unfavorable neuroblastoma remains low among all childhood cancers. MYCN and MYC play a crucial role in determining the malignancy of unfavorable neuroblastomas, whereas high-level expression of the favorable neuroblastoma genes is associated with a good disease outcome and confers growth suppression of neuroblastoma cells. A small fraction of neuroblastomas harbors TP53 mutations at diagnosis, but a higher proportion of the relapse cases acquire TP53 mutations. In this study, we investigated the effect of S(+)-ibuprofen on neuroblastoma cell lines, focusing on the expression of the MYCN, MYC, AKT, p53 proteins and the favorable neuroblastoma genes in vitro as biomarkers of malignancy. Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with S(+)-ibuprofen resulted in a significant growth suppression. This growth effect was accompanied by a marked decrease in the expression of MYC, MYCN, AKT and an increase in p53 expression in neuroblastoma cell lines without TP53 mutation. In addition, S(+)-ibuprofen enhanced the expression of some favorable neuroblastoma genes (EPHB6, CD44) and genes involved in growth suppression and differentiation (EGR1, EPHA2, NRG1 and SEL1L). Gene expression profile and Ingenuity pathway analyses using TP53-mutated SKNAS cells further revealed that S(+)-ibuprofen suppressed molecular pathways associated with cell growth and conversely enhanced those of cell cycle arrest and the unfolded protein response. Collectively, these results suggest that S(+)-ibuprofen or its related compounds may have the potential for therapeutic and/or palliative use for unfavorable neuroblastoma.
Contextualizing Lesbian Body Image: Comparisons with Heterosexual Women and Lesbian-Specific Factors

Body image is an important component of women’s physical and mental health. Body dissatisfaction, a negative subjective evaluation of one’s body, has long been associated with disordered eating, obesity, depression, and low self-esteem. Body dissatisfaction is prevalent among women generally but may be less so among lesbian women as the result of a lower emphasis on physical appearance within lesbian culture, a greater valuing of larger body types among lesbian women, and lesbian women feeling less subject to male-defined standards. If so, understanding lesbian and heterosexual differences and lesbian-specific influences on body dissatisfaction could have important implications for body image research and women’s health efforts. Many studies that have explored lesbian and heterosexual differences in body dissatisfaction have suffered from methodological limitations and have not been theoretically based. Additionally, key variables known to influence other aspects of lesbian health, such as minority stress and sexual identity development, have not been well explored. I addressed both empirical and theoretical limitations of past research within a community sample of 879 lesbian and heterosexual women. I contrasted the two sexual identity groups on several widely used body dissatisfaction measures, controlling for clinician-collected data on BMI and key demographic covariates. As predicted, lesbian women reported significantly less body dissatisfaction than did heterosexual women on three of four measures. A structural equation model of proposed risk and protective factors for body dissatisfaction among lesbian women did not reveal significant relationships between these predictors and body dissatisfaction. This study represents a first attempt at modeling theoretically-derived, culturally-specific influences on lesbian women’s body image. Given demonstrated differences in lesbian and heterosexual women’s body dissatisfaction it is important to continue to explore body image among this sexual minority group. I discuss implications for future research.
Electronic structure and magnetic susceptibility of the different structural modifications of Ti, Zr, and Hf metals.

The electronic structure of the early transition metals Ti, Zr, and Hf has been investigated for the hexagonal (\ensuremath{\omega}), hcp (\ensuremath{\alpha}), bcc (\ensuremath{\beta}), and fcc phases using the linear-muffin-tin-orbital method of band-structure calculation. The results of these investigations are discussed in the light of previous band-structure calculations and experimental data closely related to the electronic structure (low-temperature specific heat, superconductive properties and magnetic susceptibility). It is found from the theoretical calculations that the electronic density of states at the Fermi level increases in the phase sequence hexagonal (\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hcp (\ensuremath{\alpha})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}fcc\ensuremath{\rightarrow}bcc (\ensuremath{\beta}) and this behavior is unambiguously reflected in all the experimental data as well. A separation of the magnetic susceptibility into its components is performed and from this, the temperature dependence of the Pauli susceptibility for Ti, Zr, and Hf is deduced.
Clustering audio clips by context-free description and affective ratings

In the absence of context, the process of listening to acoustic scenes results in deriving an explicit semantic description and an implicit assessment of its acoustic properties in terms of its affective value. In this work, we mainly exploit the relationship between context-free associations of audio clips containing unconstrained acoustic sources with their affective values for clustering. Using over two hundred clips from the BBC sound effects library, we present a novel, quantitative method to compare the clusters of audio clips obtained using its context-free description with the clusters obtained from their affective measures; namely valence, arousal and dominance. Our results indicate that comparing clusters across representations is a suitable approach to determine an appropriate number of clusters to index audio clips in an un-supervised manner. In this paper we present our findings and examples of the resulting clusters of audio clips.
An efficient transformation for two dimensional circularly symmetric wideband FIR filters

This paper proposes a novel transformation for the design of two-dimensional (2D) finite impulse response (FIR) wideband filters with perfect circular symmetry. The proposed transformation is based on the kth order McClellan transformation and is found to be successful in generating precise circular contours even for wideband filters. The proposed method outperforms the state of the art transformations in terms of contour approximation accuracy. Design examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed transformation.
Sensitive mapping of recombination hotspots using sequencing-based detection of ssDNA

Meiotic DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) initiate genetic recombination in discrete areas of the genome called recombination hotspots. DSBs can be directly mapped using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). Nevertheless, the genome-wide mapping of recombination hotspots in mammals is still a challenge due to the low frequency of recombination, high heterogeneity of the germ cell population, and the relatively low efficiency of ChIP. To overcome these limitations we have developed a novel method—single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequencing (SSDS)—that specifically detects protein-bound single-stranded DNA at DSB ends. SSDS comprises a computational framework for the specific detection of ssDNA-derived reads in a sequencing library and a new library preparation procedure for the enrichment of fragments originating from ssDNA. The use of our technique reduces the nonspecific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) background >10-fold. Our method can be extended to other systems where the identification of ssDNA or DSBs is desired.
Long Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Neurotoxicity in Rats: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in human malignancies. Its long-term use can cause neurobiological side-effects associated with depression. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), the essential fatty acids found in fish oil, possess neuroprotecitve and antidepressant activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the potential protective effects of ω-3 PUFAs against DOX-induced behavioral changes and neurotoxicity. ω-3 PUFAs were given daily by gavage (1.5 g/kg) over three weeks starting seven days before DOX administration (2.5 mg/kg). Open-field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted to assess exploratory activity and despair behavior, respectively. Our data showed that ω-3 PUFAs supplementation significantly mitigated the behavioral changes induced by DOX. ω-3 PUFAs pretreatment also alleviated the DOX-induced neural apoptosis. Meanwhile, ω-3 PUFAs treatment ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS were significantly increased in brain tissues of DOX-treated group, whereas ω-3 PUFAs supplementation significantly attenuated DOX-induced neuroinflammation. In conclusion, ω-3 PUFAs can effectively protect against DOX-induced depressive-like behaviors, and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect are potentially associated with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Estimating Demand in Search Markets: The Case of Online Hotel Bookings

In this paper, we emphasize that choice sets generated by a search process have two properties: first, they are limited; second, they are endogenous to preferences. Both factors lead to biased estimates in a static demand framework that takes choice sets as given. To correct for this bias, we estimate a structural model of search for differentiated products, using a unique dataset of consumer online search for hotels. Within a nested logit utility model, we show that the mean utility function and the search cost distribution of a representative consumer are non-parametrically identified, given our data. Using our model's estimates, we quantify both sources of bias: they lead to overestimation of price elasticity by a factor of five and four, respectively. The median search cost is about 38 dollars per 15 hotels; we also present some evidence on multi-modality of search cost distribution.
Gendered Universities in Globalized Economies: Power, Careers, and Sacrifices

Gendered Universities in Globalized Economies combines the best in theoretical analysis and practical research in an insightful survey of the organizational culture of the university in today's globalized world. Currie, Thiele, and Harris's qualitative research narrating the views of academics, general staff, and managers of American and Australian universities examines the gendered power structure of university life. Gendered Universities describes the corporatized university from the inside, showing how neoliberal globalization has forced it to become more competitive, aggressive, and entrepreneurial. The authors consider why universities seem to preserve patriarchal cultures despite pervasive equal opportunity legislation and feminist activism on campus. This important study is a must read for education, gender, and policy studies scholars seeking a deeper understanding of globalization and the impact of the "new managerialism" on equity issues.