Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity in the brain of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The distribution of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain of the adult zebrafish was studied with immunohistochemical techniques. In the telencephalon, abundant TRH‐immunoreactive (TRHir) neurons were observed in the central, ventral, and supra‐ and postcommissural regions of the ventral telencephalic area. In the diencephalon, TRHir neurons were observed in the anterior parvocellular preoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, the rostral parts of the anterior tuberal nucleus and torus lateralis, and the posterior tuberal nucleus. Some TRHir neurons were also observed in the central posterior thalamic nucleus and in the habenula. The mesencephalon contained TRHir cells in the rostrodorsal tegmentum, the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus, the torus semicircularis, and the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Further TRHir neurons were observed in the interpeduncular nucleus. In the rhombencephalon, TRHir cells were observed in the nucleus isthmi and the locus coeruleus, rostrally, and in the vagal lobe and vagal motor nucleus, caudally. In the forebrain, TRHir fibers were abundant in several regions, including the medial and caudodorsal parts of the dorsal telencephalic area, the ventral and commissural parts of the ventral telencephalic area, the preoptic area, the posterior tubercle, the anterior tuberal nucleus, and the posterior hypothalamic lobe. The dorsal thalamus exhibited moderate TRHir innervation. In the mesencephalon, the optic tectum received a rich TRHir innervation between the periventricular gray zone and the stratum griseum centrale. A conspicuous TRHir longitudinal tract traversed the tegmentum and extended to the rhombencephalon. The medial and lateral mesencephalic reticular areas and the interpeduncular nucleus were richly innervated by TRHir fibers. In the rhombencephalon, the secondary gustatory nucleus received abundant TRHir fibers. TRHir fibers moderately innervated the ventrolateral and ventromedial reticular area and richly innervated the vagal lobe and Cajal's commissural nucleus. Some TRHir fibers coursed in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Some TRHir amacrine cells were observed in the retina. The wide distribution of TRHir neurons and fibers observed in the zebrafish brain suggests that TRH plays different roles. These results in the adult zebrafish reveal a number of differences with respect to the TRHir systems reported in other adult teleosts but were similar to those found during late developmental stages of trout (Díaz et al., 2001 ). J. Comp. Neurol. 450:45–60, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing the α′3 term in the non-abelian open superstring effective action

Recently, a proposal for the full non-abelian open superstring effective action through (α'3) has been formulated in hepth0108169. We test this result by calculating the spectrum in the presence of constant magnetic background fields and by comparing the result to string theoretic predictions. The agreement is perfect. Other proposals for the superstring effective action through this order do not reproduce the spectrum correctly.
Memory Frictions: Localizing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Sierra Leone

This paper concerns the frictions of engagement when transitional justice mechanisms are implemented in local contexts. My focus is the practice of truth-telling as part of a global paradigm of redemptive memory. I first trace the genealogy of this paradigm, examining how it came to appear ‘natural’ and ‘universal. ’ Second, I explore struggles over memory that ensued when Sierra Leone's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) assertively promoted this paradigm in a region in which alternative memory techniques reflected popular priorities in an unstable context of ‘no peace, no war. ’ These struggles were rooted not only in the contested content of memories, but also in a perceived incommensurability between contrasting memory projects believed to have divergent implications for processes of reconstruction. Finally, I examine the significance of reparations both for local practices of post-war memory and for the local effectiveness of the TRC.
Determinants of Voluntary Turnover and Layoffs in an Environment of Repeated Downsizing Following a Merger: An Event History Analysis

In this study we formulate and test models of voluntary turnover and downsizing in a hospital undergoing workforce reduction following a merger. Targeted separation packages were primarily employed by the hospital in selecting departments and units as having surplus staff, as well as identifying individual employees. Determinants for the models were derived from the disparate disciplines of economics, sociology, and psychology, as well as demographic and reactions to change variables. Applying event history analysis to data from a sample of 415 hospital employees over a five year period, the results indicate that older, full-time employees, who were less absent, and had an acceptable workload, yet experienced lower co-worker support and responded negatively to the amalgamation of the hospital were more likely to be downsized. Conversely, employees who were younger, white-collar, intended to leave, and predisposed to the amalgamation were more likely to resign. In addition, the differential effects (based on discriminant function analysis) of the five categories of variables found that age, blue-collar, co-worker support, full-time, amalgamation, and work overload discriminated between the two forms of turnover. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A case of hypoxic encephalopathy with delayed exacerbation

Most patients contract hypoxic encephalopathy after suffering a cardiac arrest. They usually endure severe neurological sequelae and the temporal profile of the disease progression remains unclear. This case study shows how the effects of hypoxic encephalopathy continue to progress for several years after the initial event. Up to eight years after the hypoxic insult, the patient’s intellect steadily deteriorated, and brain atrophy progressed. As the hypoxic insult on the brain is only transient, the neurological disability seems not to be exacerbated for years. However, our case indicates that this disorder may have a long progression.
Total Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Lithuanian Propolis Solutions

The manufacture of ethanol-free propolis solutions offers a broader application. A few trials with Lithuanian propolis have been conducted. The aims of the study are to manufacture propolis water and water-free solutions and evaluate the quality and antimicrobial activity of these solutions. The studied solutions containing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% propolis are prepared. As solvents, purified water, 70% v/v ethanol, 96.3% v/v ethanol, propylene glycol, and their systems were used. Determination of total levels of phenolic compounds (FAE mg/g) is based on colour oxidation-reduction reaction using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent under alkaline conditions and performed at 765 nm wavelength using UV spectrophotometer. The highest content of phenolic compounds was determined in solutions containing 10% propolis extracts, and the lowest amounts in 2.5% propolis extracts. The water extracted the lowest amount of phenolic compounds from crude propolis, ethanol extracted the highest amount, and propylene glycol ranked the middle position. It is determined that technological parameters (stirring, temperature) contribute to content of phenolic compounds. During microbiological study, MICs were determined. The studies showed that water extracted propolis solutions and solvents mixture did not inhibit the growth of the studied microorganisms, and propolis solutions in propylene glycol were found to have antimicrobial activity.
Judging attractiveness: Biases due to raters’ own attractiveness and intelligence

Abstract Tennis and Dabbs (1975) reported that physically attractive males showed a positivity bias when rating the attractiveness of others. The opposite pattern was observed for females. We attempted to replicate and extend these findings by: (1) using self-assessed attractiveness rather than the experimentally derived attractiveness measure used in previous research, (2) using face-to-face interactions with targets as opposed to using photographs, and (3) examining the effect of another ego-involving attribute: intelligence. Consistent with previous research, attractiveness judgments made by men, but not women, correlated positively with their own self-perceived level of attractiveness (r = .51, p < .001). Attractiveness judgments made by women, but not men, correlated negatively with their intelligence (r = −.32, p = .001). Judgments of attractiveness are thus biased by a rater’s own attributes (e.g. attractiveness and intelligence), but these effects are not generalizable across men and women raters, and may be driven by different mechanisms.
Comparative Analysis of Two Helicobacter pylori Strains using Genomics and Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics

Helicobacter pylori, a gastroenteric pathogen believed to have co-evolved with humans over 100,000 years, shows significant genetic variability. This motivates the study of different H. pylori strains and the diseases they cause in order to identify determinants for disease evolution. In this study, we used proteomics tools to compare two H. pylori strains. Nic25_A was isolated in Nicaragua from a patient with intestinal metaplasia, and P12 was isolated in Europe from a patient with duodenal ulcers. Differences in the abundance of surface proteins between the two strains were determined with two mass spectrometry-based methods, label-free quantification (MaxQuant) or the use of tandem mass tags (TMT). Each approach used a lipid-based protein immobilization (LPITM) technique to enrich peptides of surface proteins. Using the MaxQuant software, we found 52 proteins that differed significantly in abundance between the two strains (up- or downregulated by a factor of 1.5); with TMT, we found 18 proteins that differed in abundance between the strains. Strain P12 had a higher abundance of proteins encoded by the cag pathogenicity island, while levels of the acid response regulator ArsR and its regulatory targets (KatA, AmiE, and proteins involved in urease production) were higher in strain Nic25_A. Our results show that differences in protein abundance between H. pylori strains can be detected with proteomic approaches; this could have important implications for the study of disease progression.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Is a Key Signal for Injury-Induced Neurogenesis in the Adult Mouse Olfactory Epithelium

The mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) is composed of primary olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are renewed throughout adulthood by local, restricted neuronal progenitor cells. The molecular signals that control this neurogenesis in vivo are unknown. Using olfactory bulb ablation (OBX) in adult mice to trigger synchronous mitotic stimulation of neuronal progenitors in the OE, we show the in vivo involvement of a cytokine in the cellular events leading to the regeneration of the OE. We find that, of many potential mitogenic signals, only leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is induced before the onset of neuronal progenitor proliferation. The rise in LIF mRNA expression peaks at 8 hr after OBX, and in situ RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry indicate that LIF is upregulated, in part, in the injured neurons themselves. This rise in LIF is necessary for injury-induced neurogenesis, as OBX in the LIF knock-out mouse fails to stimulate cell proliferation in the OE. Moreover, delivery of exogenous LIF to the intact adult OE using an adenoviral vector stimulates BrdU labeling in the apical OE. Taken together, these results suggest that injured OSNs release LIF as a stimulus to initiate their own replacement.
Cardiac responses to exercise in competitive child cyclists.

PURPOSE Cardiovascular responses to exercise in highly trained child endurance athletes have not been well-defined. This study compared hemodynamic responses with progressive cycle exercise in seven competitive child cyclists (mean age 11.9 yr) compared with 39 age-matched untrained boys. METHODS Doppler echocardiography and gas exchange variables were utilized to assess cardiovascular changes during submaximal and maximal exercise. RESULTS Mean VO2max was 60.0 (+/-6.0) and 47.0 (+/-5.8) mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) in the cyclists and nonathletes, respectively. At rest and maximal exercise, the cyclists demonstrated greater stroke index than the untrained subjects (resting mean 59 (+/-6) vs 44 (+/-9) mL x m(-2); maximal mean 76 (+/-6) vs 60 (+/-11) mL x m(-2)), but the ratio of maximal:rest stroke index was similar in both groups (1.31 for cyclists, 1.41 for nonathletes). Both groups showed a plateau in stroke volume beyond low-intensity work levels. No significant difference was observed in maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that 1) maximal stroke volume is the critical determinant of the high VO2max in child cyclists and 2) factors that influence resting stroke volume are important in defining VO2max differences between child endurance athletes and untrained boys.
Postnatal development of the pattern of respiratory and cardiovascular response to systemic hypoxia in the piglet: the roles of adenosine.

1. In 3‐day‐old and 3‐week‐old spontaneously breathing piglets anaesthetized with Saffan, we have studied ventilatory and cardiovascular responses evoked by 5 min periods of hypoxia (breathing 10 and 6% O2). 2. In 3‐day‐old piglets both 10 and 6% O2 evoked an increase followed by a secondary fall in ventilation, a gradual tachycardia and a renal vasoconstriction, with an increase in femoral blood flow that was attributable to femoral vasodilatation. Arterial blood pressure rose initially but fell towards control values by the 5th minute of hypoxia. 3. The stable adenosine analogue 2‐chloroadenosine (2‐CA; 30 mg kg(‐1) i.v. ) evoked bradycardia and renal vasoconstriction, but had no effect on femoral vasculature. These responses were blocked by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8‐phenyltheophylline (8‐PT; 8 mg kg(‐1) i.v. ). 8‐PT also abolished the secondary fall in ventilation evoked by 10 and 6% O2 and the renal vasoconstriction evoked by 10% O2, but had no effect on the tachycardia, or on the femoral vascular response. 4. By contrast, in 3‐week‐old piglets both 10 and 6% O2 evoked a sustained increase in ventilation, tachycardia and a rise in arterial pressure with renal vasoconstriction, but no change in renal blood flow and substantial femoral vasodilatation with an increase in femoral blood flow. 2‐CA evoked bradycardia and renal vasoconstriction, as in 3‐day‐old piglets, but also evoked pronounced femoral vasodilatation. 8‐PT blocked these responses and the hypoxia‐induced femoral vasodilatation, but had no significant effect on other components of the hypoxia‐induced response. 5. We propose that there is postnatal development of the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses evoked by systemic hypoxia and of the role of locally released adenosine in these responses: at 3 days, adenosine released within the central nervous system and within the kidney is a major contributor to the secondary fall in ventilation and renal vasoconstriction respectively, whereas at 3 weeks, adenosine makes little contribution to the ventilatory response, or renal vasoconstriction, but is largely responsible for hypoxia‐induced vaso‐dilatation in skeletal muscle.
Stabilization of Networked Control Systems with Data Packet Dropout and Transmission Delays: Continuous-Time Case

The problem of data packet dropout and transmission delays induced by communication channel in networked control systems (NCSs) is studied in this paper. We model the continuous-time NCSs with data packet dropout and transmission delays as ordinary linear systems with time-varying input delays. By using the Lyapunov–Razumikhin function techniques, delaydependent condition on the stabilization of NCSs is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Stabilizing state feedback controllers can then be constructed by using the feasible solutions of some LMIs. The admissible upper bounds of data packet loss and delays can be computed by using the quasi-convex optimization algorithm. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An Insect Virus-Encoded MicroRNA Regulates Viral Replication

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs which play an essential role in gene regulation and affect a wide range of processes, including development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Here we report the identification of the first miRNA from an insect virus, derived from the major capsid protein (MCP) gene in Heliothis virescens ascovirus (HvAV) (HvAV-miR-1). Although MCP was abundantly expressed at all time points 24 h after infection, HvAV-miR-1 expression was strictly regulated and specifically detected from 96 h postinfection. HvAV-miR-1 expression coincided with a marked reduction of the expression of HvAV DNA polymerase I, which is a predicted target. Ectopic expression of full-length and truncated versions of MCP retaining the miRNA sequence significantly reduced DNA polymerase I transcript levels and inhibited viral replication. Our results indicate that HvAV-miR-1 directs transcriptional degradation of DNA polymerase I and regulates HvAV replication. These findings are congruent with recent reports that miR-BART-2 regulates Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase expression and suggest that virus-encoded miRNA regulation of virus replication may be a general phenomenon.
The natural history of rotator cuff tears

Rotator cuff disease is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Despite its prevalence, the natural history of the disease is not completely understood, which is critical to consider when making decisions on surgical and nonsurgical treatment of rotator cuff tears. This article reviews the most recent studies on the natural history of rotator cuff disease and provides the clinician with guidelines on whether surgical or nonsurgical management is indicated.
THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES IN FINLAND IN THE 1990S

The study focuses on refugees, their communities and their integration into Finnish society. It was conducted during the period 1.9. 1997-31.8. 1998 and is the second in a government sponsored research project on refugee integration. The study has been conducted at national level. The targeted refugee communities were Vietnamese, Cambodians, Kurds, Iraqis (of Arabic origin. Iraqi Kurds are included in Kurdish target group) and Somalans. The human question asked in this study is: how are persons of refugee background encountering and coping with the demands of adaptation and the tasks and challenges of integration in their 'new home society'. From the perspective of the resettling persons, this study is also designed to 'give voice' to those whose opinions and experience are generally not heard. From the societal perspective, focus is upon how resettlement institutions are moderating and influencing the conditions and terms of their integration. Despite a very high level of independent job-seeking activity and considerable increase of 'human capital' in the form of language skill and acquired labour market skills, the employment situation has not improved at all in the four year period since the last study. The high level and duration of unemployment in the groups, amount to a situation of labour market exclusion. The common experience of young adults with a considerable amount of educational and vocational training acquired in Finland, is that obstacles are located even before the job interview stage. Between the hiring party and the foreign-born worker there is evidently a 'gap of confidence', which in practice functions as a discriminatory mechanism. Data indicates that this gap may be bridged by persons in the community, or individuals with official standing, whose recommendations have weight with the potential employer. It was found that positive experience with an employee of immigrant background paves the way for others, and facilitates a 'chain employment' mechanism. Furthermore data indicates an urgent need for employment equity promoting measures in the labour market in order to redress disproportionate levels of unemployment in resettling refugee communities. The subjects at professional level seem to be at greater disadvantage in the long term, than those with less education and training. The waste of human resources, in particular of the expertise of skilled and professional persons, has reached a level that is dysfunctional in the context of societal, as well as individual level integration. At this point there is a need to develop the lateral labour mobility …
Assessment of the Prognostic Factors for a Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer: the Utility of Preoperative MR Imaging

Objective To determine the utility of MR imaging in evaluating the prognostic factors for a local recurrence of rectal cancer following a curative resection. Materials and Methods The preoperative MR images obtained from 17 patients with a local recurrence and 54 patients without a local recurrence, who had undergone a curative resection, were independently evaluated by three radiologists. The following findings were analyzed: the direct invasion of the perirectal fat by the primary rectal carcinoma, involvement of the perirectal lymph nodes, perirectal spiculate nodules, perivascular encasement, and an enlargement of the pelvic wall lymph nodes. The clinical and surgical profiles were obtained from the patients? medical records. The association of a local recurrence with the MR findings and the clinicosurgical variables was statistically evaluated. Results Of the MR findings, the presence of perivascular encasement (p = 0.001) and perirectal spiculate nodules (p = 0.001) were found to be significant prognostic factors for a local recurrence. Of the clinicosurgical profiles, the presence of a microscopic vascular invasion (p = 0.005) and the involvement of the regional lymph nodes (p = 0.006) were associated with a local recurrence. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of perirectal spiculate nodules was an independent predictor of a local recurrence (odds ratio, 7.382; 95% confidence interval, 1.438, 37.889; p = 0.017). Conclusion The presence of perirectal spiculate nodules and perivascular encasement on the preoperative MR images are significant predictors of a local recurrence after curative surgery for a rectal carcinoma. This suggests that preoperative MR imaging can provide useful information to help in the planning of preoperative adjuvant therapy.
The Meta-Analysis of Clinical Judgment Project: Fifty-Six Years of Accumulated Research on Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction

Clinical predictions made by mental health practitioners are compared with those using statistical approaches. Sixty-seven studies were identified from a comprehensive search of 56 years of research; 92 effect sizes were derived from these studies. The overall effect of clinical versus statistical prediction showed a somewhat greater accuracy for statistical methods. The most stringent sample of studies, from which 48 effect sizes were extracted, indicated a 13% increase in accuracy using statistical versus clinical methods. Several variables influenced this overall effect. Clinical and statistical prediction accuracy varied by type of prediction, the setting in which predictor data were gathered, the type of statistical formula used, and the amount of information available to the clinicians and the formulas. Recommendations are provided about when and under what conditions counseling psychologists might use statistical formulas as well as when they can rely on clinical methods. Implications for clinical judgment research and training are discussed.