Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Hash on Partial Multi-Modal Data

Hashing approach becomes popular for fast similarity search in many large scale applications. Real world data are usually with multiple modalities or having different representations from multiple sources. Various hashing methods have been proposed to generate compact binary codes from multi-modal data. However, most existing multimodal hashing techniques assume that each data example appears in all modalities, or at least there is one modality containing all data examples. But in real applications, it is often the case that every modality suffers from the missing of some data and therefore results in many partial examples, i.e., examples with some modalities missing. In this paper, we present a novel hashing approach to deal with Partial Multi-Modal data. In particular, the hashing codes are learned by simultaneously ensuring the data consistency among different modalities via latent subspace learning, and preserving data similarity within the same modality through graph Laplacian. We then further improve the codes via orthogonal rotation based on the orthogonal invariant property of our formulation. Experiments on two multi-modal datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach over several state-of-the-art multi-modal hashing methods.
The complex gravitational lens system B1933+503

We report the discovery of the most complex arcsec-scale radio gravitational lens system yet known, B1933+503 was found during the course of the CLASS survey and MERLIN and VLA radio maps reveal up to 10 components. Four of these are compact and have flat spectra: the rest are more extended and have steep spectra, The background lensed object appears to consist of a flat-spectrum core (quadruply imaged) and two compact 'lobes' symmetrically disposed relative to the core, One of the lobes is quadruply imaged while the other is doubly imaged. An HST observation of the system with the WFPC2 shows a galaxy with an axial ratio of 0.5, but none of the images of the background object is detected, A redshift of 0.755 has been measured for the lens galaxy.
Fitness Profiles of Elite Portuguese Rugby Union Players

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the fitness profiles of senior elite Portuguese rugby players. Forty-six senior Portuguese rugby players, classified as backs (n=22; age 26.2±2.8) and forwards (n=24; age 26.7±2.9) were assessed during physical testing sessions carried out for the Portuguese National rugby team. The body composition, maximum strength and anaerobic capacity of players are hypothesized to be important physical characteristics as successful performance in rugby is predicated on the ability to undertake skilled behaviours both quickly and whilst withstanding large forces when in contact situations. No absolute differences were found between the backs and forwards for the speed performance variables although positional differences were found across all speeds when assessed relative to body mass since the forwards were significantly heavier. Coaches and the management team can use this information for monitoring progressive improvements in the physiological capacities of rugby players. These physical characteristics of elite rugby players provide normative profiles for specific positions and should form the basis of developmental programmes for adolescents.
Relational learning in the rat.

The phenomenon of transposition revealed in experiments on discrimination has long provided one of the most crucial challenges to the neoPavlovian conception of cortical functioning. ' The fact of transposition suggested the existence of a process of relational learning which did not seem understandable in terms of the independent acquisition of excitatory and inhibitory properties by isolated stimuli. Some years ago, however, Spence advanced an interpretation which met this challenge in a most ingenious manner.2 By making certain assumptions concerning the generalization of excitatory and inhibitory effects along relevant stimulus-dimensions, Spence finds it possible to explain, in essentially Pavlovian terms, not only the occurrence of transposition, but also its failure to occur under given experimental conditions. Even the fact that it is often more difficult for animals to learn to respond to stimuli of given characteristics, independently of context, rather than to a relation between pairs, can, paradoxically enough, be deduced from this theory which postulates no perception of relations by the animal.3 Recently, however, Lashley and Wade have vigorously criticized the conception of stimulus-generalization which is central to Spence's theory.4 Gradients of similarity, they maintain, do not come ready-made in the organism, but are established in the course of the animal's experience. Stimulus-dimensions are defined for the animal not by conditioning to a single stimulus but by training which provides opportunity to compare two or more stimuli-"either a direct comparison of sensory impressions
A monolithic surface micromachined Z-axis gyroscope with digital output

A monolithic surface micromachined Z-axis vibratory rate gyroscope with an on-chip A/D converter is fabricated in a monolithic MEMS/circuits technology with 2 /spl mu/m CMOS and 2.25 /spl mu/m-thick mechanical polysilicon. The on-chip position sense circuit uses correlated double sampling to reject 1/f and kT/C noise and resolves 0.02 angstrom displacements. The gyroscope achieves a noise floor of 3/spl deg//sec//spl radic/Hz at atmospheric pressure and operates from a single 5 V supply.
Feature Selection with Conjunctions of Decision Stumps and Learning from Microarray Data

One of the objectives of designing feature selection learning algorithms is to obtain classifiers that depend on a small number of attributes and have verifiable future performance guarantees. There are few, if any, approaches that successfully address the two goals simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, such algorithms that give theoretical bounds on the future performance have not been proposed so far in the context of the classification of gene expression data. In this work, we investigate the premise of learning a conjunction (or disjunction) of decision stumps in Occam's Razor, Sample Compression, and PAC-Bayes learning settings for identifying a small subset of attributes that can be used to perform reliable classification tasks. We apply the proposed approaches for gene identification from DNA microarray data and compare our results to those of the well-known successful approaches proposed for the task. We show that our algorithm not only finds hypotheses with a much smaller number of genes while giving competitive classification accuracy but also having tight risk guarantees on future performance, unlike other approaches. The proposed approaches are general and extensible in terms of both designing novel algorithms and application to other domains.
Structural equation modeling of qualification of pharmacists to improve subjected quality of life in cancer patients.

PURPOSE To establish structural equation model (SEM) of subjected quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients taking into account qualification of pharmacists. METHOD The SEM model was constructed from correlation matrix of the scores of answers of questions to both patients and pharmacists. Data were collected from 15 cancer patients who hospitalized and took opioid analgesics for pain control. The patients were asked 18 questions and pharmacists were asked seven questions. From the correlation matrix among scores of answers, a reasonable model was explored by SEM. RESULTS Health-related QOL (HRQOL) in cancer patients can be modeled by latent variables consist of contributions from physical, emotional and functional domains. The fitting between data and the model was acceptable by statistical goodness-of-fit (GOF) index. The modeled HRQOL by SEM was weakly correlated with subjected QOL in patients, indicating that subjected QOL in patients would be affected not only by above latent variables but other variables. The model taking into account qualification of pharmacists to improve subjected QOL in patients was also made by SEM. The model was reasonably explained and fitting between data and the model was acceptable from some statistical index. The final model suggests that pharmacist can raise subjected QOL in patients through restraining unpleasant side effects. CONCLUSION The qualification of pharmacists to improve subjected QOL in patients can be modeled by SEM. The final model suggests that pharmacists with qualification to assess patients' pain status contribute to raise subjected quality of life in cancer patients.
Semantic Photo Synthesis

Composite images are synthesized from existing photographs by artists who make concept art, e.g., storyboards for movies or architectural planning. Current techniques allow an artist to fabricate such an image by digitally splicing parts of stock photographs. While these images serve mainly to “quickly”convey how a scene should look, their production is laborious. We propose a technique that allows a person to design a new photograph with substantially less effort. This paper presents a method that generates a composite image when a user types in nouns, such as “boat”and “sand. ”The artist can optionally design an intended image by specifying other constraints. Our algorithm formulates the constraints as queries to search an automatically annotated image database. The desired photograph, not a collage, is then synthesized using graph‐cut optimization, optionally allowing for further user interaction to edit or choose among alternative generated photos. An implementation of our approach, shown in the associated video, demonstrates our contributions of (1) a method for creating specific images with minimal human effort, and (2) a combined algorithm for automatically building an image library with semantic annotations from any photo collection.
Development, Usability, and Efficacy of a Serious Game to Help Patients Learn About Pain Management After Surgery: An Evaluation Study

Background Postoperative pain is a persistent problem after surgery and can delay recovery and develop into chronic pain. Better patient education has been proposed to improve pain management of patients. Serious games have not been previously developed to help patients to learn how to manage their postoperative pain. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the development of a computer-based game for surgical patients to learn about postoperative pain management and to evaluate the usability, user experience, and efficacy of the game. Methods A computer game was developed by an interdisciplinary team following a structured approach. The usability, user experience, and efficacy of the game were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires (AttrakDiff2, Postoperative Pain Management Game Survey, Patient Knowledge About Postoperative Pain Management questionnaire), semi-structured interviews, and direct observation in one session with 20 participants recruited from the general public via Facebook (mean age 48 [SD 14]; 11 women). Adjusted Barriers Questionnaire II and 3 questions on health literacy were used to collect background information. Results Theories of self-care and adult learning, evidence for the educational needs of patients about pain management, and principles of gamification were used to develop the computer game. Ease of use and usefulness received a median score between 2.00 (IQR 1.00) and 5.00 (IQR 2.00) (possible scores 0-5; IQR, interquartile range), and ease of use was further confirmed by observation. Participants expressed satisfaction with this novel method of learning, despite some technological challenges. The attributes of the game, measured with AttrakDiff2, received a median score above 0 in all dimensions; highest for attraction (median 1.43, IQR 0.93) followed by pragmatic quality (median 1.31, IQR 1.04), hedonic quality interaction (median 1.00, IQR 1.04), and hedonic quality stimulation (median 0.57, IQR 0.68). Knowledge of pain medication and pain management strategies improved after playing the game (P=.001). Conclusions A computer game can be an efficient method of learning about pain management; it has the potential to improve knowledge and is appreciated by users. To assess the game’s usability and efficacy in the context of preparation for surgery, an evaluation with a larger sample, including surgical patients and older people, is required.
Acupuncture Effects on Cardiac Functions Measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Feline Model

The usefulness of acupuncture (AP) as a complementary and/or alternative therapy in animals is well established but more research is needed on its clinical efficacy relative to conventional therapy, and on the underlying mechanisms of the effects of AP. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), an important tool in monitoring cardiovascular diseases, provides a reliable method to monitor the effects of AP on the cardiovascular system. This controlled experiment monitored the effect electro-acupuncture (EA) at bilateral acupoint Neiguan (PC6) on recovery time after ketamine/xylazine cocktail anesthesia in healthy cats. The CMRI data established the basic feline cardiac function index (CFI), including cardiac output and major vessel velocity. To evaluate the effect of EA on the functions of the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems, heart rate, respiration rate, electrocardiogram and pulse rate were also measured. Ketamine/xylazine cocktail anesthesia caused a transient hypertension in the cats; EA inhibited this anesthetic-induced hypertension and shortened the post-anesthesia recovery time. Our data support existing knowledge on the cardiovascular benefits of EA at PC6, and also provide strong evidence for the combination of anesthesia and EA to shorten post-anesthesia recovery time and counter the negative effects of anesthetics on cardiac physiology.
Single Turnover Autophosphorylation Cycle of the PKA RIIβ Holoenzyme

To provide tight spatiotemporal signaling control, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) holoenzyme typically nucleates a macromolecular complex or a “PKA signalosome. ” Using the RIIβ holoenzyme as a prototype, we show how autophosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the RIIβ subunit, as well as cAMP and metal ions, contribute to the dynamics of PKA signaling. While we showed previously that the RIIβ holoenzyme could undergo a single turnover autophosphorylation with adenosine triphosphate and magnesium (MgATP) and trap both products in the crystal lattice, we asked here whether calcium could trap an ATP:RIIβ holoenzyme since the RIIβ holoenzyme is located close to ion channels. The 2. 8Å structure of an RIIβp 2:C2:(Ca2ADP)2 holoenzyme, supported by biochemical and biophysical data, reveals a trapped single phosphorylation event similar to MgATP. Thus, calcium can mediate a single turnover event with either ATP or adenosine-5'-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP), even though it cannot support steady-state catalysis efficiently. The holoenzyme serves as a “product trap” because of the slow off-rate of the pRIIβ subunit, which is controlled by cAMP, not by phosphorylation of the inhibitor site. By quantitatively defining the RIIβ signaling cycle, we show that release of pRIIβ in the presence of cAMP is reduced by calcium, whereas autophosphorylation at the phosphorylation site (P-site) inhibits holoenzyme reassociation with the catalytic subunit. Adding a single phosphoryl group to the preformed RIIβ holoenzyme thus creates a signaling cycle in which phosphatases become an essential partner. This previously unappreciated molecular mechanism is an integral part of PKA signaling for type II holoenzymes.
Factors driving global economic integration

Global economic integration is not a new phenomenon. Some communication and trade took place between distant civilizations even in ancient times. Since the travels of Marco Polo seven centuries ago, global economic integration—through trade, factor movements, and communication of economically useful knowledge and technology—has been on a generally rising trend. This process of globalization in the economic domain has not always proceeded smoothly. Nor has it always benefited all whom it has affected. But, despite occasional interruptions, such as following the collapse of the Roman Empire or during the interwar period in this century, the degree of economic integration among different societies around the world has generally been rising. Indeed, during the past half century, the pace of economic globalization (including the reversal of the interwar decline) has been particularly rapid. And, with the exception of human migration, global economic integration today is greater than it ever has been and is likely to deepen going forward. 1
Resveratrol Improves Myocardial Perfusion in a Swine Model of Hypercholesterolemia and Chronic Myocardial Ischemia

Background— Resveratrol may provide protection against coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that supplemental resveratrol will improve cardiac perfusion in the ischemic territory of swine with hypercholesterolemia and chronic myocardial ischemia. Methods and Results— Yorkshire swine were fed either a normal diet (control, n=7), a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCC, n=7), or a hypercholesterolemic diet with supplemental resveratrol (100 mg/kg/d orally, HCRV, n=7). Four weeks later, an ameroid constrictor was placed on the left circumflex artery. Animals underwent cardiac MRI and coronary angiography 7 weeks later before euthanasia and tissue harvest. Total cholesterol was lowered about 30% in HCRV animals (P<0.001). Regional wall motion analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in inferolateral function from baseline to 7 weeks in HCC swine (P=0.04). There was no significant change in regional function in HCRV swine from baseline to 7 weeks (P=0.32). Tissue blood flow during stress was 2.8-fold greater in HCRV swine when compared with HCC swine (P=0.04). Endothelium-dependent microvascular relaxation response to Substance P was diminished in HCC swine, which was rescued by resveratrol treatment (P=0.004). Capillary density (PECAM-1 staining) demonstrated fewer capillaries in both HCC and HCRV swine versus control swine (P=0.02). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated significantly greater expression in HCRV versus HCC swine of the following markers of angiogenesis: VEGF (P=0.002), peNOS (ser1177) (P=0.04), NFkB (P=0.004), and pAkt (thr308) (P=0.001). Conclusions— Supplemental resveratrol attenuates regional wall motion abnormalities, improves myocardial perfusion in the collateral dependent region, preserves endothelium-dependent coronary vessel function, and upregulates markers of angiogenesis associated with the VEGF signaling pathway.
Towards Ontology-based Disambiguation of Geographical Identifiers

Geographic names have always been important identifiers. People typically use names and not coordinates to identify geographic features. Therefore to establish identity beyond coordinates, name disambiguation is required to identify the exact geographic feature that is denoted by a name. This paper introduces an ontology-based approach to disambiguate geographical names in texts. The ontology defines the central conceptual basis of our approach and is used to rank geographic features based on disambiguation rules that take into account structural information contained in the ontology (e.g. population of a town), as well as textual indicators contained in the text at hand. Our first evaluation on a subset of the well-known Reuters 21578 corpus indicates promising results both in terms of precision and recall.
Supremizer stabilization of POD-Galerkin approximation of parametrized Navier-Stokes equations

In this work we present a stable proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-Galerkin approximation for parametrized steady Navier-Stokes equations. The stabilization is guaranteed by the use of supremizers solutions that enrich the reduced velocity space. Numerical results show that an equivalent inf-sup condition is fulfilled, yielding stability for both velocity and pressure. Our stability analysis is first carried out from a theoretical standpoint, then confirmed by numerical tests performed on a parametrized two-dimensional backward facing step flow.
Macroscopic and unitary properties of physiological ion flux through T‐type Ca2+ channels in guinea‐pig heart cells.

1. We sought to distinguish two types of Ca2+ channel in guinea‐pig ventricular cells (T‐type and L‐type) and to characterize their respective gating and permeation properties when Ca2+ (1‐10 mM) is the charge carrier, as is the case physiologically. 2. Na+ was removed from both the external and internal solutions to eliminate currents through Na+ channels and Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange. Major differences in the voltage dependence of steady‐state inactivation were exploited to separate the two Ca2+ current components. 3. From a holding potential of ‐50 mV, only L‐type channels were available to open with depolarization. When holding at ‐90 mV, T‐type channels contributed an additional rapidly inactivating component superimposed upon the L‐type current. Only the L‐type channels thus identified were sensitive to the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker nitrendipine. 4. T‐type currents, measured by taking the difference between the currents elicited from a holding potential of ‐90 mV and those elicited from ‐50 mV, peaked within 10 ms and decayed completely within 50‐100 ms. 5. Macroscopic T‐type currents were largest during depolarizing pulses between ‐40 and ‐30 mV (peak current density of 0.62 +/‐ 0.21 nA nF‐1) and decreased at more positive potentials, becoming unmeasurably small above 0 mV. 6. Unitary currents recorded with similar ionic conditions and voltage protocols exhibited a single‐channel conductance of 4‐5 pS in 10 mM Ca2+. Ensemble average currents through a single channel reproduced accurately the time course of whole‐cell T‐type current. Permeation properties could not explain the absence of macroscopic T‐type currents at positive test potentials, which must therefore be attributable to gating. 7. Convolution analysis was employed to clarify the single‐channel basis of the rapidly decaying current waveform of T‐type channels. The latencies to first opening and reopening, which reflect activation and deactivation, influenced the waveform most strikingly. Open times were sufficiently brief that they contributed little to shaping the average current. Thus, macroscopic inactivation largely reflects rate‐limiting activation events. 8. The unitary current amplitudes and peak open probabilities measured for single T‐type channels, when compared to the average macroscopic T‐type current density, predict 10.6 functional channels per picofarad, or approximately 1700 T‐type channels per typical ventricular myocyte.