Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Level Decision-Making for The Predictive Maintenance of $k$ -Out-of-$n$ :F Deteriorating Systems

Traditional maintenance decisions in the framework of condition-based maintenance applied to multi-component systems are performed either at the system level or at the component level. These decisions however cannot always assure the best maintenance performance. To remedy this drawback, the present paper introduces a multi-level decision-making approach that combines maintenance decisions at the system level and the component level. The effectiveness of such an approach is investigated through an n-component deteriorating system with a k-out-of- n:F structure, and economic dependence. In fact, based on the degradation and failure model of the considered k-out-of- n:F system, two new opportunistic predictive maintenance strategies with different types of maintenance decision-making are proposed. In the first one, the decisions rely only on the remaining useful lifetime of the components; while in the second one, they are based on both the remaining useful lifetimes of the system and that of its components. The maintenance cost models of these strategies are developed on the basis of semi-regenerative theory, optimized, and then compared with each other. The comparison results show that the multi-level decision-making approach allows us to more effectively avoid inopportune interventions, to better take into account the interactions among components, and hence to provide more flexible and profitable predictive maintenance strategies for multi-component systems.
How Choosing Science depends on Students' Individual Fit to ‘Science Culture’

In this paper we propose that the unpopularity of science in many industrialised countries is largely due to the gap between the subculture of science, on the one hand, and students' self‐image, on the other. We conducted a study based on the self‐to‐prototype matching theory, testing whether the perceived mismatch between the typical representative of the science culture (the science prototype) and students' self‐image is linked to not choosing science as a major. Fifty‐four Dutch ninth‐grade students currently choosing their subject majors (so‐called profiles) completed a Dutch version of a questionnaire previously designed by Hannover and Kessels, which measures students' perceptions of typical peers favouring different school subjects (prototypes for physics, biology, economics, languages) and students' self‐image. Students chose a profile to the extent that they conceived of themselves as similar to the typical peer who likes the key subject of that profile. Fifty per cent of variance was explained when using an aggregated science versus humanities distance score and predicting whether a student had chosen a science‐related or a humanities‐related profile. A comparison of Dutch students' description of the physics prototype with the German data from Hannover and Kessels revealed similar prototypes in both countries. The traits ascribed to the physics prototype were in line with science‐related values and the culture of science as described by Merton and Traweek, for example. The relevance of the perceived fit of the culture of science to students' selves for academic choices is discussed.
Does Reality Backbite? Physical, Verbal, and Relational Aggression in Reality Television Programs

Aggression portrayed realistically is more likely to be imitated than non-realistic aggression. However, despite its ultimate claim to reality, the portrayal of aggression in reality television programs has rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and portrayal of three different types of aggression in popular reality and non-reality programs on UK television. As a whole, there was more relational aggression in reality programs than in non-reality programs. When programs were analyzed separately, some programs contained high levels of relational and verbal aggression, yet no physical aggression. Implications for television ratings are discussed.
Setting the scene: hailing women into a running identity

Readers should also refer to the journal's website at http://www.informaworld. com/rqrs and check volume 2, issue 2 to view the visual material in colour. With the ethos of providing ‘all women whatever their age, size or ability the opportunity to run together’, the Women’s Running Network (WRN) emphasises its accessibility to the ‘true beginner’. The network provides a social and physical space in and through which (often) previously inactive, non‐elite, non‐competitive women of all ages learn to experience and perceive their bodies in a different way. The literature exploring all‐female leisure settings has highlighted the importance of these environments for promoting physical and psychological empowerment, enhancement of body image, and improved perceptions of women and the female body. However, within this social field, the specific ways in which women learn to live with and through their bodies – and indeed are taught to do so – have received limited attention. In this paper, I focus upon the role of the visual and material culture of the WRN to examine how women are told and shown particular gendered and embodied identities. I suggest that, via narrative text and images, the WRN hail women of a specific social location to seek out and embody the ethos of the network. Using the concepts of gendered identity performance and commercialised feminism, I highlight how the visual culture of the WRN can be interpreted as constructing a moral, gendered obligation for sport/exercise participation through midlife and beyond. I conclude by discussing how the visual and material culture of the WRN has implications for framing and facilitating would‐be participant’s potential identity performance, socialisation experiences, embodiment and physicality within this women’s‐only context.
End-of-life care for blood cancers: a series of focus groups with hematologic oncologists.

PURPOSE Hematologic cancers are associated with aggressive cancer-directed care near death and underuse of hospice and palliative care services. We sought to explore hematologic oncologists' perspectives and decision-making processes regarding end-of-life (EOL) care. METHODS Between September 2013 and January 2014, 20 hematologic oncologists from the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center participated in four focus groups regarding EOL care for leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Focus groups employed a semistructured format with case vignettes and open-ended questions and were followed by thematic analysis. RESULTS Many participants felt that identifying the EOL phase for patients with hematologic cancers was challenging as a result of the continuing potential for cure with advanced disease and the often rapid pace of decline near death. This difficulty was reported to result in later initiation of EOL care. Barriers to high-quality EOL care were also reported to be multifactorial, including unrealistic expectations from both physicians and patients, long-term patient-physician relationships resulting in difficulty conducting EOL discussions, and inadequacy of existing home-based EOL services. Participants also expressed concern that some EOL quality measures developed for solid tumors may be unacceptable for patients with blood cancers given their unique needs at the EOL (eg, palliative transfusions). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that hematologic oncologists need better clinical markers for when to initiate EOL care. In addition, current quality measures may be inappropriate for identifying overly aggressive care for patients with blood cancers. Further research is needed to develop effective interventions to improve EOL care for this patient population.
The Benefit of Diagnostic Hypotheses in Clinical Reasoning: Experimental Study of an Instructional Intervention for Forward and Backward Reasoning

Two approaches to electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis were examined in a series of 2 experiments. The first approach, based on forward reasoning, asked participants to carefully obtain all the data, then synthesize the data into a diagnosis using provided rules. The second, based on backward reasoning, asked participants to try to work out the diagnosis then identify supporting features. Participants were undergraduate psychology students. In the first experiment, the forward reasoning group had the ECG removed after listing features. Accuracy of the forward reasoning group was 41.9% and accuracy of the backward reasoning group was 61.3%. In the second experiment, the forward reasoning group was permitted to retain the ECG; this time accuracy rose to 49.4% versus 61.9% for the backward reasoning group. The difference remained statistically significant. Thus, the results showed a consistent advantage for holistic, backward reasoning in an ECG diagnostic task with novices.
A quantum probability explanation for violations of ‘rational’ decision theory

Two experimental tasks in psychology, the two-stage gambling game and the Prisoner's Dilemma game, show that people violate the sure thing principle of decision theory. These paradoxical findings have resisted explanation by classical decision theory for over a decade. A quantum probability model, based on a Hilbert space representation and Schrödinger's equation, provides a simple and elegant explanation for this behaviour. The quantum model is compared with an equivalent Markov model and it is shown that the latter is unable to account for violations of the sure thing principle. Accordingly, it is argued that quantum probability provides a better framework for modelling human decision-making.
Exploiting Trace Data for Adaptive Mobile Video Streaming with Performance Guarantees

Current mobile video streaming is primarily delivered over HTTP. In addition to conventional web access logs, many service providers also log the data usage for billing and analytics purposes. This work exploits these vast amount of bandwidth trace data to enable the provisioning of streaming performance and video quality guarantees in adaptive mobile video streaming. We develop a post-streaming analysis framework to extract from past trace data statistical correlations between key system parameters that enables the automatic configuration of future streaming parameters including startup delay and rate adaptation such that a given minimum video quality and a target playback rebuffering probability can be maintained. The proposed framework is evaluated and compared to two existing adaptive streaming algorithms via a trace-driven simulator using extensive throughput trace data captured from a production 3G/HSPA network.
A family of Non-Monotonic Inference Systems based on Conditional Logics

A large number of common sense assertions such as prototypical properties, obligation, possibility, nonmonotonic rules, can be expressed using conditional logics. They are precisely under the lights because of their great representation power for common sense notions. But representation is only the half of the work: reasoning is also needed. Furthermore, non-monotonic reasoning necessites both powerful representation and powerful reasoning. For this last point it is well known that the deduction relations of conditional logics are powerless ~ . In this article we propose to use conditional logics to represent defensible rules and we present different ways, based on semantics, to increase their deductive power. This leads to different non-monotonic systems, the less powerful being equivalent to Pearl’s system Z. A tableau like theorem proving method is proposed to implement all of these formalisms.
Validation of vaginal discharge syndrome among pregnant women attending obstetrics clinic, in the tertiary hospital of Western India

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problem. The laboratory tests for diagnosing STI are often unavailable or too expensive. Therefore, World Health Organization has recommended a syndromic approach for diagnosis and management of STI/reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Very few studies so far had evaluated effectiveness of the syndromic approach in diagnosing STI/RTIs in pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: Validation of syndromic management for vaginal discharge syndrome in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out which included 233 pregnant females attending obstetric clinic. They were subjected to clinical examination, vaginal swab collection, and serological tests. Results: A total of 183 (78.54%) pregnant females had vaginal discharge on clinical examination and Candida albicans was the most common clinical diagnosis among them. Of 183 cases diagnosed clinically as vaginal discharge syndrome, 38 (20.7%) were tested positive in laboratory investigations. Out of 50 clinically negative cases, 9 (18%) were detected positive for one of the STIs on laboratory testing. Conclusion: Syndromic approach for management of vaginal discharge syndrome resulted in over-treatment of 78% (false positive) and under-diagnosis of 19.1% (false negative) pregnant females. Hence, integration of antenatal screening services in the form of laboratory tests for vaginal discharge is recommended.
[Sickle cell anemia in the south of Zaire. Study of two series of 251 and 340 patients followed-up 1988-1992].

BACKGROUND This work concerns 591 sickle cell disease patients followed by the same paediatrics team in south Zaire. POPULATION Two series of homozygous sickle cell patients were studied: 1) 251 in-patients hospitalized in Kolwezi during the period 1988-1989, and 2) 340 out-patients examined in Lubumbashi during the period 1990-1992. RESULTS In the first series, a high proportion of children aged 3-5 years (30.7%) and 6-12 years (54%) was observed in comparison with a control group of patients hospitalized for anemia at the same time. The symptoms of the disease occurred during the first year of life in 80% of the children: hand-foot syndrome and/or anemia. Tooth decay was observed as soon as the age of 3 years with a high frequency (62%) as compared with the control group. Epistaxis, sometimes very important, was observed in 39.5% and 52% of the cases in children respectively aged 6-12 years and up to 13. A splenomegaly was noted during a longer period than in the control group, suggesting associated causing factors different from malaria, perhaps alpha thalassemia. The high frequency of viral contaminations due to transfusion is illustrated by the seropositivity prevalences of HIV (11.5%), HBV (10%) and in the children in Lubumbashi. CONCLUSION The main interest of these series of children is to point out the clinical specificities of a cohort genetically homogenous, offering the opportunity of defining basis of inter-individual variability of sickle cell disease.
Dying at home or in the hospital? An observational study in German general practice

ABSTRACT Background Although determinants of place of death have been investigated in several studies, there is a lack of knowledge on factors associated with dying at home from the general practice perspective. Objectives To identify factors associated with dying at home for patients in German general practice. Methods In a retrospective study, general practitioners of 30 general practices were asked to provide data for all patients aged 18 years or older who died within the last 12 months, using a self-developed questionnaire. ‘Dying in hospital’ was defined as dying in hospital or hospice and ‘dying at home’ as dying at one’s usual residence including the nursing home. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with ‘dying at home’; odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as measures of effect size. Results Of 439 deceased patients, 52.2% died at home, and 47.8% died in hospital or hospice. Determinants for dying at home were patients’ care in the last 48 hours of life by family members (OR: 7.8, 95% CI: 3.4–18.0), by general practitioners (GPs) (OR: 7.3, 4.2–12.9) and living in a nursing home (OR: 3.8, 1.7–8.3). In the adjusted model, low comorbidity was positively associated (OR: 3.2, 1.4–7.0), and low functional health status (Karnofsky performance status) was negatively associated with dying at home (OR: 0.3, 0.1–0.7). Conclusion Apart from patient-related factors such as comorbidity and health status, care by family members and GPs respectively, were determinants of dying at home.
The File Drawer Effect and Publication Rates in Menstrual Cycle Research

The file drawer problem refers to a publication bias for positive results, leading to studies which support the null hypothesis being relegated to the file drawer. The assumption is that researchers are unable to publish studies with nonsignificant findings. A survey of investigators studying the menstrual cycle showed this assumption to be unwarranted. Much of the research did not lend itself to a hypothesis-testing model. A more important contribution to the likelihood of publication was research productivity, and researchers whose first study was published were more likely to have continued their work.
Glenohumeral joint range of motion in elite male golfers: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Shoulder injuries account for up to 17% of all golf related musculoskeletal injuries. One cause may be the repetitive stresses applied to the lead shoulder during the backswing and follow-through phases, which may contribute to the frequency of these injuries. The "elite" golfer may be pre-disposed to developing a shoulder injury based upon the reported adaptations to the glenohumeral joint. OBJECTIVE To examine and compare bilateral glenohumeral joint rotational range of motion in elite golfers using standard goniometric procedures. METHODS Twenty-four "elite" male golfers were recruited for this study. Glenohumeral internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) passive range of motion was measured bilaterally at 90° of abduction using a standard universal goniometer. Paired t-tests were utilized to statistically compare the rotational range of motion patterns between the lead and the trailing shoulder. RESULTS No statistical differences existed between each shoulder for mean IR or mean ER measures. This finding was consistent throughout different age groups. External rotation measurements were greater than IR measurements in both extremities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Unlike other sports requiring repetitive shoulder function, the "elite" golfers sampled in this pilot investigation did not demonstrate a unique passive range of motion pattern between the lead and trailing shoulders. Factors, including subjects' age, may have confounded the findings. Further studies are warranted utilizing cohorts of golfers with matching age and skill levels. Additional shoulder range of motion measures should be evaluated.
Effects of an Integrated Physical Education/Music Program in Changing Early Childhood Perceptual-Motor Performance

Two approaches to facilitating perceptual-motor development in children, ages 4 to 6 yr. , were investigated. The experimental group (n = 15) received 24 sessions of integrated physical education/music instruction based upon concepts of Kodaly and Dalcroze. The control group (n = 15) received 24 sessions of movement exploration and self-testing instruction. Analysis of covariance indicated that significant improvement occurred only in the experimental group, with changes in the motor, auditory, and language aspects of perceptual-motor performance as well as total score.
The Acquisition of Morphosyntax in Italian: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study provides new evidence concerning the pattern of acquisition of free and bound morphemes in Italian, based on the speech of 59 children recorded through a cross-sectional method. We found that inflectional morphology is mastered before free-standing morphology. Despite the great variety of verb inflections, the analyses showed that children partially master present indicative from early productions. Although free-standing morphemes are used correctly, they are optionally omitted. Here we have explored the use and omission of articles, clitics, the copula, and auxiliaries and have shown that omission is subject to certain constraints. Articles are mainly omitted from the root of the clause, much as null subjects, because from this position the requirement of clausal identification is voided. A higher omission of accusative clitics than dative clitics was observed that has also been explained in terms of the uniqueness checking constraint: accusative, but not dative clitics need to check the D feature twice, because the former, but not the latter, trigger past particle agreement. The uniqueness checking constraint has been adopted to explain the higher omission of auxiliaries with respect to the copula: the former, but not the latter, have to check the T feature twice. Together, these findings suggest that children omit, but in principled ways.
Communicative Interactions Improve Visual Detection of Biological Motion

Background In the context of interacting activities requiring close-body contact such as fighting or dancing, the actions of one agent can be used to predict the actions of the second agent [1]. In the present study, we investigated whether interpersonal predictive coding extends to interactive activities – such as communicative interactions - in which no physical contingency is implied between the movements of the interacting individuals. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the communicative condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a communicative gesture performed by agent A. In the individual condition, agent A's communicative action was substituted with a non-communicative action. Using a simultaneous masking detection task, we demonstrate that observing the communicative gesture performed by agent A enhanced visual discrimination of agent B. Conclusions/Significance Our finding complements and extends previous evidence for interpersonal predictive coding, suggesting that the communicative gestures of one agent can serve as a predictor for the expected actions of the respondent, even if no physical contact between agents is implied.
Observability-Enhanced PMU Placement Considering Conventional Measurements and Contingencies

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are in growing attention in recent power systems because of their paramount abilities in state estimation. PMUs are placed in existing power systems where there are already installed conventional measurements, which can be helpful if they are considered in PMU optimal placement. In this paper, a method is proposed for optimal placement of PMUs incorporating conventional measurements of zero injection buses and branch flow measurements using a permutation matrix. Furthermore, the effect of single branch outage and single PMU failure is included in the proposed method. When a branch with a flow measurement goes out, the network loses one observability path (the branch) and one conventional measurement (the flow measurement). The permutation matrix proposed here is able to model the outage of a branch equipped with a flow measurement or connected to a zero injection bus. Also, measurement redundancy, and consequently measurement reliability, is enhanced without increasing the number of PMUs; this implies a more efficient usage of PMUs than previous methods. The PMU placement problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming that results in the global optimal solution. Results obtained from testing the proposed method on four well-known test systems in diverse situations confirm its efficiency.