Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SFQ Circuits With Ground Plane Hole-Assisted Inductive Coupling Designed With InductEx

The design of single flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits requires well-defined inductances. In many cases these are created by irregular geometries and a computer-aided design tool is necessary for inductance calculations. This becomes a challenging task in cases where no ground plane is used and thus three-dimensional calculations are required. For this purpose, InductEx was developed and verified successfully for simple structures. In this work we take the next step and demonstrate the applicability of InductEx to the design of rapid single flux-quantum (RSFQ) cells. We use InductEx for inductance modeling as an integral part of the design cycle for an RSFQ cell with flux quantum transfer via mutual inductance and for a DC-reprogrammable logic circuit with similar inductive coupling. The relation between coupling factor and self-inductance is optimized in the circuit layout. All coupling structures are duplicated in SQUID modulation test circuits to measure and verify calculation accuracy. We find excellent agreement between the calculated and measured inductance values. Furthermore, the operational area of the basic cell is determined and compared with similar investigations reported earlier. Based on this comparison we conclude that InductEx is a valuable inductance design tool, and that mutual coupling in structures using ground plane holes and RSFQ-compatible self-inductances can be modeled and designed reliably.
A Finger-Shaped Tactile Sensor for Fabric Surfaces Evaluation by 2-Dimensional Active Sliding Touch

Sliding tactile perception is a basic function for human beings to determine the mechanical properties of object surfaces and recognize materials. Imitating this process, this paper proposes a novel finger-shaped tactile sensor based on a thin piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film for surface texture measurement. A parallelogram mechanism is designed to ensure that the sensor applies a constant contact force perpendicular to the object surface, and a 2-dimensional movable mechanical structure is utilized to generate the relative motion at a certain speed between the sensor and the object surface. By controlling the 2-dimensional motion of the finger-shaped sensor along the object surface, small height/depth variation of surface texture changes the output charge of PVDF film then surface texture can be measured. In this paper, the finger-shaped tactile sensor is used to evaluate and classify five different kinds of linen. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is utilized to get original attribute data of surface in the frequency domain, and principal component analysis (PCA) is used to compress the attribute data and extract feature information. Finally, low dimensional features are classified by Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental results show that this finger-shaped tactile sensor is effective and high accurate for discriminating the five textures.
Identifying critical beliefs about sleep in primary insomnia.

SUBJECT OBJECTIVE Maladaptive beliefs about sleep are associated with insomnia and are assessed with the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale (DBAS). Three studies explored which DBAS items (1) maximally differentiated people with insomnia from good sleepers, (2) declined with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and (3) were related to other clinical improvement indexes. DESIGN Data from previous studies were analyzed to evaluate the above 3 hypotheses. PARTICIPANTS The total sample (N = 332) was comprised of experimental and treatment-seeking people with insomnia and good sleepers ranging from 20 to 79 years of age (mean +/- SD 51.3 +/- 14.7). RESULTS The analyses of variance of the 30 items of the DBAS in Study 1 suggested that 16 items differentiated insomnia sufferers from good sleepers. In Study 2, 8 items showed significantly greater changes in response to CBT than alternate therapies. However, only 2 of these items were among the 16 items that discriminated insomnia sufferers from good sleepers in Study 1. In Study 3, declining scores on 15 of 30 DBAS items in response to CBT were related to 1 or more indexes of clinical improvement. CONCLUSION The 16 beliefs of the DBAS-30 that best discriminated insomnia sufferers from good sleepers related to helplessness and hopelessness in the insomnia group. CBT addressed some of these beliefs, although some beliefs relating to helplessness remained relatively elevated. These residual beliefs should be investigated further, as they may confer cognitive risk for future insomnia and imply ways to improve current CBT strategies.
Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy With SPECT in Infancy

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) is an important investigation for the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) and its differentiation from causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia that do not require surgical intervention. Delayed imaging at 24 hours and phenobarbitone augmentation for 5 days has been required to achieve high sensitivity and specificity with current techniques. This study explores whether adding single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performs as well as existing methods without requiring delayed 24-hour imaging and whether the phenobarbitone premedication is necessary in all cases. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 105 HBS studies on 94 patients was performed. HBS included SPECT at 4 to 6 hours postinjection when no tracer was seen in the gastrointestinal tract in the first 60 minutes. This was done in 80 patients. Results: Gastrointestinal activity was seen in 14 patients within 60 minutes. For 4- to 6-hour studies, standard HBS and HBS with SPECT data showed a sensitivity of 100% for the diagnosis of BA. The specificity, accuracy, and positive likelihood ratios (PLR) were 67%, 75%, and 3 (confidence interval [CI] = 2.03–4.16) for planar imaging at 4 to 6 hours and 90%, 93%, and 10 (CI = 4.42–19) for 4- to 6-hour planar and SPECT imaging. When the 11 patients who had phenobarbitone stimulation were included, the results improved to 97%, 98%, and 30 (CI = 7.06–80). Conclusion: The addition of SPECT 4 to 6 hours postinjection of tracer significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy compared with planar imaging alone. This accuracy is as good as HBS performed after phenobarbitone stimulation. The combined technique of HBS with SPECT and phenobarbitone has the highest accuracy. Delayed imaging at 24 hours is usually not necessary.
Effects of teacher clarity and student anxiety on student outcomes

A laboratory experiment was carried out with 120 undergraduate students to examine a possible aptitude–treatment interaction between teacher clarity and student test anxiety in relation to two outcome measures, namely student achievement and student motivation, with student intelligence statistically controlled. Students completed measures of intelligence and test anxiety and were randomly assigned to high teacher clarity or low teacher clarity conditions, defined by the presence or absence of specific teaching behaviours in a videotaped lecture with content held constant across conditions. Measures of motivation and self-efficacy for learning the material were completed immediately post-treatment, then one week later participants completed an achievement test based on the material contained in the lecture and assigned homework. Results revealed significant beneficial main effects for high vs. low teacher clarity for both achievement and motivation measures, but no aptitude–treatment interaction between teacher clarity and student test anxiety.
Social and Economic Inequality in the Educational Career: Do the Effects of Social Background Characteristics Decline?

This paper studies the influence of social and economic background on educational decisions during the complete career in the Norwegian educational system. The data consists of a sample of Norwegian between the age of 30 and 34 in 1990 from the population censuses. Studies of the development of social inequality in educational attainment often use a sequential binary choice model. The model used here seeks to provide a more realistic representation of the structure of educational choice facing students, which involves multiple as well as binary choices. The results support those of previous studies in that social class was found to have the greatest impact in the first transition, from compulsory school to secondary education. However, the main impression is of continuing social inequality throughout the educational career. Those originating in the higher social classes are more likely than others to choose prestigious tracks of tertiary-level education. Parental income affects the choice of track and the level of the university degree for those who choose academic studies with graduate and undergraduate degrees
Wnt and planar cell polarity signaling in cystic renal disease

Cystic kidney diseases can cause end stage renal disease, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. They may arise early or later in life, are characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and can be caused by diverse genetic defects. The primary cilium, a microtubule-based organelle that can serve as a signaling antenna, has been demonstrated to have a significant role in ensuring correct kidney development and function. In the kidney, one of the signaling pathways that requires the cilium for normal development is Wnt signaling. In this review, the roles of primary cilia in relation to canonical and non-canonical Wnt/PCP signaling in cystic renal disease are described. The evidence of the associations between cilia, Wnt signaling and cystic renal disease is discussed and the significance of planar cell polarity-related mechanisms in cystic kidney disease is presented. Although defective Wnt signaling is not the only cause of renal disease, research is increasingly highlighting its importance, encouraging the development of Wnt-associated diagnostic and prognostic tools for cystic renal disease.
Depression and anxiety were low amongst virally suppressed, long-term treated HIV-infected individuals enrolled in a public sector antiretroviral program in Thailand*

ABSTRACT HIV/AIDS and anxiety/depression are interlinked. HIV-infected patients suffering from depression may be at risk for poor adherence which may contribute to HIV disease progression. Additionally, an HIV diagnosis and/or using certain antiretroviral agents may trigger symptoms of anxiety/depression. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression in HIV-infected patients from the Thai National HIV Treatment Program. This cross-sectional study was performed from January 2012 to December 2012 in HIV-infected out-patients, aged ≥18 years, from three HIV referral centers. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Thai-validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A score of ≥11 was defined as having anxiety and depression. Associated factors were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Totally 2023 (56% males) patients were enrolled. All patients received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a mean duration of 7.7 years. Median CD4 was 495 cells/mm3. Ninety-five percent had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/ml. Thirty-three percent were currently on efavirenz (EFV)-based ART. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 4.8% and 3.1%, respectively. About 1.3% had both anxiety and depression. In multivariate logistic models, the female sex [OR = 1.6(95%CI 1.1–2.3), p = . 01], having adherence <90% [OR = 2.2(95%CI 1.5–3.4), p < . 001], fair/poor quality of life (QOL) [OR = 7.2 (95%CI 3.6–14.2), p < . 001] and EFV exposure [OR = 1.6(95%CI 1.1–2.3), p = . 01], were independently associated with having anxiety or depression. Our findings demonstrated that prevalence of depression and anxiety was low amongst virally suppressed, long-term antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected individuals. Some key characteristics such as the female sex, poor adherence, poor/fair QOL and EFV exposure are associated with anxiety and depression. These factors can be used to distinguish who would need a more in-depth evaluation for these psychiatric disorders.
Visual feedback for virtual grasping

We investigate visual feedback for virtual grasps, especially cues to improve behavior after real fingers enter a virtual object. To date, such visual cues have usually been developed in an ad-hoc manner, with minimal or no studies that can guide selection. Existing guidelines are based largely on other interaction types and provide inconsistent and potentially-misleading information when applied to grasping. We compare several different visual feedback types including those most commonly seen for virtual hand interaction and with some novel visual aspects. The visuals were tuned in a pilot study, and our main study evaluated results in terms of objective performance (finger penetration, release time, and precision) and subjective rankings. Performancewise, the most promising techniques all directly reveal penetrating hand configuration in some way. Subjectively, most techniques are better than simple interpenetrating visuals, with color changes being most promising. The results enable selection of the best cues based on the relevant tradeoffs. Results also provide a needed basis for more focused studies of specific visual cues and for better informing studies of multimodal feedback.
Picturing the Iraq War

This study reports the findings of a visual content analysis of 1305 Iraq War-related photographs appearing in the US press, represented by The New York Times, and the British press, represented by The Guardian . Overall, the two newspapers visually portrayed the Iraq War differently. Further, the more spontaneous or direct coverage of actually ongoing events were rare at best, and were exclusively found in photographs that ran in The Guardian. One aspect of the pictorial coverage, however, seems unprecedented: the emphasis on the human cost of the war focusing on Iraqi civilians. Moreover, images of loss of military life were scarce but still available.
Health services for women in outpatient substance abuse treatment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate how a sample of outpatient substance abuse treatment units respond to organizational and environmental influences by adopting and implementing treatment services for women. DATA SOURCES The National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey from 1995 and 2000, a national survey of outpatient substance abuse treatment units. STUDY DESIGN Health services for women are the dependent variables. The predictors include organizational and environmental factors that represent resource dependence and institutional pressures for the treatment unit. Logistic regression and Heckman selection models were used to test hypotheses. DATA COLLECTION Program directors and clinical supervisors at each treatment unit were interviewed by telephone in 1995 and 2000. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Units that depended on specific funding for women's programs and that depended on government funds were more likely to adopt, but not necessarily implement, women's services. Methadone units and units that train more staff to work with women were more likely to adopt as well as implement women's services. Private not-for-profit units were more likely to adopt some services, while for-profit units were less so. However, in general, neither for-profit nor not-for-profit units significantly implemented services. There was evidence that the odds of adopting services were greater in 2000 than 1995 for two services, but were otherwise stable. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable variation in the adoption and implementation of women's services. In addition, not all adopted services were significantly implemented, which could reflect limited organizational resources and/or conflicting expectations. This also suggests that referral mechanisms to these services, and therefore access, may not be adequate. Government funds and specific funds for women's programs are important resources for the provision of these services. Women's services appear more available in methadone units, suggesting that regulation has been influential and that the recent methadone accreditation system should be evaluated. Staff training may be one strategy to encourage implementation of these services. For the most part, the adoption of services for women did not change between 1995 and 2000.
Model of Models: Preservice Teachers in a Vygotskian Scaffold

Abstract Lev Vygotsky's revolutionary ideas have extended knowledge on the process of education—in particular, on mediating learning through language—for over 40 years. The zone of proximal development strengthened a new paradigm for learning and instruction, one which others, such as Bruner, formulated into the concept of scaffolding. Action research conducted in a reading methods course led to systematic restructuring based on Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective by means of an instructional sequence titled the Scaffolded Model.
Examining gender differences in the determinants of Masters Swimmers' sport commitment

This study examined gender differences in levels of sport commitment and commitment determinants, and differences among determinants for predicting functional (FC) and obligatory commitment (OC). Based on questionnaire data from competitive Masters swimmers (235 m; 272 f; M age = 51.5 yr, range = 25–80), males reported significantly (p < .05) higher OC, involvement alternatives, personal investment, and social constraints levels. Enjoyment significantly predicted males' and females' FC levels, yet personal investments uniquely predicted females' FC. Social constraints, involvement opportunities, and involvement alternatives explained OC levels for both genders, yet social support and personal investments were unique predictors for males and females, respectively. Findings provide evidence that sport commitment and determinants, can vary by gender.
Translocation domain mutations affecting cellular toxicity identify the Clostridium difficile toxin B pore

Significance Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated infection in hospitals worldwide. Disease symptoms are caused by toxins A and B, which form membrane-spanning pores that deliver associated cytotoxic enzyme domains into target cells leading to cellular death and tissue damage. Despite a wealth of information for the enzymatic domains that act once inside the cell, very little is known about the translocation pore and its role in disease pathogenesis. Here we describe the structural features of the pore and identify mutants that prevent pore formation and show that they are no longer toxic to host cells. These findings offer a glimpse into the elusive translocation pore and further provide the basis for a unique strategy to target toxins therapeutically. Disease associated with Clostridium difficile infection is caused by the actions of the homologous toxins TcdA and TcdB on colonic epithelial cells. Binding to target cells triggers toxin internalization into acidified vesicles, whereupon cryptic segments from within the 1,050-aa translocation domain unfurl and insert into the bounding membrane, creating a transmembrane passageway to the cytosol. Our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying pore formation and the subsequent translocation of the upstream cytotoxic domain to the cytosol is limited by the lack of information available regarding the identity and architecture of the transmembrane pore. Here, through systematic perturbation of conserved sites within predicted membrane-insertion elements of the translocation domain, we uncovered highly sensitive residues—clustered between amino acids 1,035 and 1,107—that when individually mutated, reduced cellular toxicity by as much as >1,000-fold. We demonstrate that defective variants are defined by impaired pore formation in planar lipid bilayers and biological membranes, resulting in an inability to intoxicate cells through either apoptotic or necrotic pathways. These findings along with the unexpected similarities uncovered between the pore-forming “hotspots” of TcdB and the well-characterized α-helical diphtheria toxin translocation domain provide insights into the structure and mechanism of formation of the translocation pore for this important class of pathogenic toxins.
c‐jun NH2‐terminal kinase pathway is involved in constitutive matrix metalloproteinase‐1 expression in a hepatocellular carcinoma‐derived cell line

Transcription factor c‐Jun serves for cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation and transformation and is recognized as an important factor in cancer development, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of present study is to determine the involvement of c‐Jun in matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) expression, which is previously reported by us to be expressed only in the early stage of human HCC showing stromal invasion. Of 5 human HCC cell lines examined, only HLE cells revealed mRNA and protein expression as well as enzymatic activity of MMP‐1. Transient transfection of an MMP‐1 promoter/luciferase construct (including 4.4 kb full promoter region) into HLE and HCC‐T cells (MMP‐1 nonproducer) showed that high promoter activity was observed only in HLE cells without inducers, and that this promoter activity was still observed when a shorter 0.6 kb proximal promoter construct was transfected. The 0.6 kb promoter region contained 3 AP‐1 sites, and c‐jun mRNA was constitutively expressed in HLE cells without inducers. Furthermore, phosphorylated c‐Jun and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) were detected in HLE cells. Promoter activity of the 0.6 kb construct was suppressed with SP600125, a potent inhibitor of JNK, but not with PD98059 and SB203580, potent inhibitors of MEK1/2 and p38, respectively. The inhibitory effect of SP600125 was also observed at protein expression level and in enzymatic activity of MMP‐1. Taken together, this study suggests that the JNK pathway is involved in the expression of MMP‐1 in HCC cells and may represent a new functional role of c‐Jun for HCC development. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An electromyographic investigation of the impact of task relevance on facial mimicry

When viewing a face expressing emotion, the viewer's face mimics the same emotion. It is unknown whether such facial mimicry takes place when the viewed emotion is a task irrelevant property of the face. The present experiment addressed this question by asking participants to judge either the emotional expression or the colour of a series of happy and angry faces that were either blue or yellow. Electromyographical recordings showed that when emotion was ignored, there was a tendency for facial muscle activity to be suppressed. Nonetheless, participants’ facial expressions mimicked target expressions, with the zygomaticus cheek muscle being more active when viewing a smiling face and the corrugator brow muscle more active when viewing an angry face. These data support the automatic encoding of irrelevant emotional information, as well as suppression of emotional information by selective attention.
17β-estradiol, 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, Progesterone and Cortisol Receptors in Normal and Neoplastic Human Endometrium 1

Using the value of 0.24 fmoles/μg DNA as breaking point between high and low binding capacities, we quantified receptors for 17β-estradiol (ER), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHTR), progesterone (PR) and cortisol (CR) in normal and neoplastic human uterine tissues. Concerning receptors occurrence, significant relationships were observed between ER and PR, ER and DHTR, and DHTR and PR. A direct correlation between the presence of ER and tumor grading was found: PR was less frequent in grade II and absent in grade III endometrial carcinoma, however this was not a significant correlation. In endometrial carcinoma at least 1 of the receptors was detected in 67-91% of the cases, 3 receptors (ER, DHTR, PR) in 56%, and all 4 receptors in 45%. The simultaneous detection of multiple receptors could play an important role in determining hormone response.