Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consultation at Work: Regulation and Practice

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A Semantic Decentralized Chord-Based Resource Discovery Model for Grid Computing

Grid computing aggregates distributed computing resources to execute computationally complex jobs. The selection of resources in a Grid system involves finding and locating resources based on users' requirements. Identifying an appropriate resource selection mechanism for Grid jobs is a major concern because a suitable mechanism helps to schedule and allocate resources better. The resource discovery techniques proposed over the years can be categorized into three major types-centralized, hierarchical and decentralized. The performance of each type can be measured in terms of scalability, load balancing and fault tolerance. The resource discovery based on centralized and hierarchical techniques is recommended for small and medium size Grids. Due to limitations such as poor scalability and single point of failure in centralized and hierarchical approaches, a decentralized resource discovery is usually preferred for large size Grids. Lack of coordination between users and providers in a highly decentralized heterogeneous Grid environment often results in user jobs failing in finding relevant resources. One of the reasons for rejection of jobs is the usage of fixed schema between users request and providers availability which causes high possibility of missing relevant resources. We present a semantic decentralized resource discovery model by using P2P Chord protocol to improve job success probability and to enhance utilization of resources. Preliminary simulations carried out using GridSim and PlanetSim simulators show improved success probability for complex jobs and also show promising results with enhanced utilization of resources.
The mathematical foundations of general relativity revisited

The purpose of this paper is to present for the first time an elementary summary of a few recent results obtained through the application of the formal theory of partial differential equations and Lie pseudogroups in order to revisit the mathematical foundations of general relativity. Other engineering examples (control theory, elasticity theory, electromagnetism) will also be considered in order to illustrate the three fundamental results that we shall provide. The paper is therefore divided into three parts corresponding to the different formal methods used. 1) CARTAN VERSUS VESSIOT: The quadratic terms appearing in the " Riemann tensor " according to the " Vessiot structure equations " must not be identified with the quadratic terms appearing in the well known " Cartan structure equations " for Lie groups and a similar comment can be done for the " Weyl tensor ". In particular, " curvature+torsion" (Cartan) must not be considered as a generalization of "curvature alone" (Vessiot). Roughly, Cartan and followers have not been able to " quotient down to the base manifold ", a result only obtained by Spencer in 1970 through the "nonlinear Spencer sequence" but in a way quite different from the one followed by Vessiot in 1903 for the same purpose and still ignored. 2) JANET VERSUS SPENCER: The " Ricci tensor " only depends on the nonlinear transformations (called " elations " by Cartan in 1922) that describe the "difference " existing between the Weyl group (10 parameters of the Poincar\'e subgroup + 1 dilatation) and the conformal group of space-time (15 parameters). It can be defined by a canonical splitting, that is to say without using the indices leading to the standard contraction or trace of the Riemann tensor. Meanwhile, we shall obtain the number of components of the Riemann and Weyl tensors without any combinatoric argument on the exchange of indices. Accordingly, the Spencer sequence for the conformal Killing system and its formal adjoint fully describe the Cosserat/Maxwell/Weyl theory but General Relativity is not coherent at all with this result. 3) ALGEBRAIC ANALYSIS: Contrary to other equations of physics (Cauchy equations, Cosserat equations, Maxwell equations), the Einstein equations cannot be " parametrized ", that is the generic solution cannot be expressed by means of the derivatives of a certain number of arbitrary potential-like functions, solving therefore negatively a 1000 $ challenge proposed by J. Wheeler in 1970. Accordingly, the mathematical foundations of mathematical physics must be revisited within this formal framework, though striking it may look like for certain apparently well established theories such as electromagnetism and general relativity. We insist on the fact that the arguments presented are of a purely mathematical nature and are thus unavoidable.
The Predictive Ability of the Bond Stock Earnings Yield Differential in World-Wide Equity Markets

This paper examines the predictive ability of the spread between the yield on long-term government bonds and the earnings yield of the overall stock market in the US, Germany, Canada, the UK and Japan for the period from 1970 to 1999. The results show that there is a relationship between this measure and the subsequent performance of the stock market at least for extreme values of this spread. This relationship can be exploited to achieve a better performance than a buy-and-hold investment in the stock market. Most of the results are both statistically and economically significant.
Population pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine after surgery in children.

BACKGROUND Nalbuphine is an opioid analgesic agent widely used for control of mild-to-severe pain. However, limited data are available on the pharmacokinetics of this drug in children. The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine in patients with ages ranging from 1 to 11 yr and to identify patient characteristics partially explaining inter-individual variability in nalbuphine pharmacokinetic parameters. METHODS Twenty-two children were included in this study. They received nalbuphine after surgery by continuous infusion (loading dose, 0.2 mg kg(-1) over 10 min followed by continuous infusion of 0.8 mg kg(-1) over 24 h). If pain relief was not adequate, 0.1 mg kg(-1) bolus doses were allowed in 10 min. Eleven blood samples were collected per patient. The data were analysed by non-linear mixed-effect modelling with the use of a two-compartment structural model. RESULTS Twenty patients completed the study. In the final model, the parameter values were standardized for a body weight of 70 kg using an allometric model. Population parameter estimates were: clearance 130 litre h(-1) 70 kg(-1), inter-compartment clearance 75.6 litre h(-1) 70 kg(-1), central volume of distribution 210 litre 70 kg(-1), and peripheral volume of distribution 151 litre 70 kg(-1). In the children of this study, total clearance expressed in litre h(-1) kg(-1) decreased significantly with increasing age and the elimination half-life significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS The allometric power model developed in this study best reflected the data and may be useful for dose adjustment.
Imperialist competitive algorithm for minimum bit error rate beamforming

In this paper, the recently introduced optimisation strategy, imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is used to design an optimal antenna array which minimises the error probability for binary phase shift keying modulation, called minimum bit error rate (MBER) beamforming. ICA is used to deal with the high complexity and high dimensionality of this challenging problem which can not be easily solved by gradient-based methods. The results are compared to that of both a genetic algorithm (GA) and the optimal array obtained by a properly set gradient based algorithm. Comparison shows that in contrast with GA, ICA leads to the array with error probability which is very close to the optimal value. Also, being faster than GA, ICA minimises the cost function with more consistency. The total results show that ICA is a powerful and reliable tool for solving complex optimisation problems such as MBER beamforming.
Simulation of Microwave Heating of Mullite Rods

Microwave processing has been studied as an alternate heating technique over conventional heating for industrial applications. Some advantages include quicker and more uniform heating. Also, microwave energy offers the advantage of localized heating and smaller-sized equipment. Many ceramics, however, are difficult to heat using microwave energy by reason of the strong temperature dependence of the dielectric loss. The ability of a ceramic to absorb microwave energy, a measure of its dielectric loss, increases with temperature which makes the material more susceptible to thermal runaway. The purpose of this research is to develop a model that accurately reproduces experimental data and can be used to explore new applicator designs for continuous processing of such ceramics. A two-dimensional numerical model, created for this purpose, assumes that the ceramic is a circular cylinder that moves either longitudinally through a microwave cavity of given dimensions. By adjusting the electromagnetic field so that the absorbed power matches the measured power, the model successfully imitates experimental results and avoids thermal runaway while achieving high temperatures.
Estimating the e ® ects of ̄ scal policy in OECD countries

This paper studies the e®ects of ̄scal policy on GDP, in°ation and interest rates in 5 OECD countries, using a structural Vector Autoregression approach. Its main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The e®ects of ̄scal policy on GDP tend to be small: government spending multipliers larger than 1 can be estimated only in the US in the pre-1980 period. 2) There is no evidence that tax cuts work faster or more e®ectively than spending increases. 3) The e®ects of government spending shocks and tax cuts on GDP and its components have become substantially weaker over time; in the post-1980 period these e®ects are mostly negative, particularly on private investment. 4) Only in the post-1980 period is there evidence of positive e®ects of government spending on long interest rates. In fact, when the real interest rate is held constant in the impulse responses, much of the decline in the response of GDP in the post-1980 period in the US and UK disappears. 5) Under plausible values of its price elasticity, government spending typically has small e®ects on in°ation. 6) Both the decline in the variance of the ̄scal shocks and the change in their transmission mechanism contribute to the decline in the variance of GDP after 1980. ¤IGIER Universitμa Bocconi and Centre for Economic Policy Research. I thank Alberto Alesina, Olivier Blanchard, Fabio Canova, Zvi Eckstein, Jon Faust, Carlo Favero, Jordi Gal¶3, Daniel Gros, Bruce Hansen, Fumio Hayashi, Ilian Mihov, Chris Sims, Jim Stock and Mark Watson for helpful comments and suggestions. Peter Claeys, Andr¶e Meier and Luca Onorante provided excellent research assistance. Part of this paper was written while I was visiting the Fiscal Policy Division of the European Central Bank, which I thank for the hospitality. I also thank Kathie Whiting of the Australian Bureau of Statistics for help with the Australian data; Bill Roberts of the O±ce of National Statistics for help with the British data; Henry Maurer and Matthias Mohr for help with the German data; Corinne Prost of INSEE for help with the French data; and Fumio Hayashi, Satoshi Shimizutani, Tomosada Sugita, and David Weinstein for help with the Japanese data. Email address: roberto.perotti@unibocconi.it
Usefulness of ultrasound examination in larynx traumas in children

Summary Background: The aim of the paper was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic examination in diagnosing laryngeal traumas, and monitoring the progress or complications in its treatment. Material/Method: In the years 2004–2009, 12 children, including 5 girls and 7 boys with laryngeal injuries, aged 5–12 years, were diagnosed and treated. In all the children, US examination of the neck and larynx, using a high-frequency linear transducer, as well as laryngoscopy and radiological examination of the cervical spine and chest were performed. Results: Blunt injury of the larynx was found in 12 children; in 9 children, the injury had been caused by hitting the neck against an obtuse object, 1 child had been kicked in the neck, and in one there had been an attempt of strangling. One of the children had sustained blunt injuries of the neck and chest in a traffic accident. In US examinations, the findings included: unilateral lack of vocal cord mobility in 5 children, asymmetry in vocal cord mobility in 1 child, fractured thyroid cartilage with local hematoma in the affected area in 2 children, and thickened vocal cords in 5 children. In radiological examination, the findings included: subcutaneous emphysema in the cervical area of the chest in 4 children, and mediastinal emphysema in 2 children with traumatic rupture of the trachea shown in laryngoscopy. Conclusions: US examination is helpful in the assessment of the extensiveness of laryngeal trauma, especially in the evaluation of vocal cord mobility, cervical cartilage and the soft tissues of the neck. A high level of conformity was demonstrated between the results of cervical US and the respective laryngoscopic findings. US examination does not allow to differentiate between vocal cord paralysis and their immobilization.
An Elasticity Approach to the Newsvendor with Price-Sensitive Demand

We introduce a measure of elasticity of stochastic demand, called the elasticity of the lost-sales rate, which offers a unifying perspective on the well-known newsvendor with pricing problem. This new concept provides a framework to characterize structural results for coordinated and uncoordinated pricing and inventory strategies. Concavity and submodularity of the profit function, as well as sensitivity properties of the optimal inventory and price policies, are characterized by monotonicity conditions, or bounds, on the elasticity of the lost-sales rate. These elasticity conditions are satisfied by most relevant demand models in the marketing and operations literature. Our results unify and complement previous work on price-setting newsvendor models and provide a new tool for researchers modeling stochastic price-sensitive demand in other contexts.
Multiple Model Control Using Neural Networks for a Remotely Operated Vehicle

This paper considers the tracking control problem of an underwater vehicle subjected to different load configurations, which from time to time introduce considerable variations of its mass and inertial parameters. The control of this kind of mode-switch process can not be adequately faced with traditional adaptive control techniques because of the too long time needed for adaptation. To cope with this problem, a switching control scheme is proposed and multiple neural network-based plant models are defined to describe the different possible operative conditions of the vehicle. The performance of the switched controller is evaluated by numerical simulations
Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in the Decay tau -> electron gamma

A search for the non-conservation of lepton flavor in the decay {tau}{sup {+-}} {yields} e{sup {+-}}{gamma} has been performed with 2.07 x 10{sup 8} e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{tau}{sup -} events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV. They find no evidence for a signal and set an upper limit on the branching ratio of {Beta}({tau}{sup {+-}} {yields} e{sup {+-}}{gamma}) < 1.1 x 10{sup -7} at 90% confidence level.
Report as of FY 2010 for 2009 TN 61 B : " Drought Variability in Reconstructed Streamflow " Publications

A considerable record of past climate has been reconstructed for the southwestern United States (U.S.), but little knowledge exists about the history of climate in the southeastern part of the country. We investigate the dendroclimatic potential of a critical flood control and hydropower region in the southeastern U.S. (Tennessee Valley) using climate division precipitation and regional tree-ring chronology datasets. Predictors (i.e., tree-ring chronologies) are pre-screened using correlation (p ≤ 0.05) with regional precipitation to ensure a practical and reliable reconstruction. Model calibration was based on the period 1895–1980 and a rescaling technique was applied to create the reconstruction. Tennessee Valley spring-summer (May–July) precipitation was reconstructed from 1692 to 1980 (289 years) using a stepwise linear regression model. The reconstruction model explains 56% of the variance in spring-summer precipitation records while the reduction of error (RE) statistic indicates valuable information exists in the reconstruction. The Weibull technique, which is frequently used in the field of hydrology, was applied to the field of dendroclimatology to visualize problematic areas (i.e., frequency regimes) of the climate reconstruction. The Weibull analysis illustrates that the Tennessee Valley reconstruction model developed generally underestimates extreme precipitation and 1 Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, 67 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996-2010. Email: cmoser3@utk.edu. (Corresponding Author). 2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee. 2 overestimates average precipitation. The reconstruction reveals 15 drought periods in which Tennessee Valley spring-summer rainfall was below average for at least three consecutive years. The longest May–July drought occurred over 10 consecutive years (1827–1836). Instrumental records indicate that the two most recent droughts rank second and third in severity in the past three centuries. The reconstruction provides valuable climatic variability information that can be used to assess current conditions and manage water resources in the region. This information is especially valuable given the reservoir operation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). (KEY TERMS: Tennessee Valley; dendrochronology; tree rings; precipitation; climate variability; water supply; time series analysis.)
Modeling and Simulation of Solar PV Module on MATLAB/Simulink

This work focuses on a program developed in MATLAB/Simulink of 36W photovoltaic module. This program is based on mathematical equations and is described through an equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, a diode, a series resistor and a shunt resistor. The developed program allows the prediction of PV module behavior under different physical and environmental parameters. This program can also be used to extract the physical parameters for a given solar PV module as a function of temperature and solar radiation. Effect of two environmental parameters of temperature and irradiance variations could be observed from simulated characteristics. The program simulation results are compared with the datasheet information and they found to have good agreement.
Intangible investments and innovation propensity: Evidence from the Innobarometer 2013

Abstract This paper investigates the innovation impact of intangible investments. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we argue that through intangible investments, companies acquire knowledge assets that increase their innovativeness. However, a greater innovation impact is expected from investing more in technological intangibles rather than in intangibles overall, and a greater one from using internal versus external resources. Through a new survey on a large sample of firms in 36 countries, accounting for different intangibles and addressing their endogeneity through proper instruments, these hypotheses are partially confirmed. Developing intangibles internally is actually the most innovation-impacting aspect, but not in manufacturing. Instead, by controlling for this choice and for that of investing in technological intangibles, the intensity of intangible resources is significant for innovation in manufacturing only. Policy/strategic implications about the need of readdressing the boost to intangible investments for the sake of innovation in Europe are drawn accordingly.
The Relative Importance of Memory Latency , Bandwidth , and Branch Limits toPerformanceNorman

This study investigates the relative importance of memory latency, memory bandwidth, and branch predictability in determining limits to processor performance. We use an aggressive simulation model with few other limits to study the performance of SPEC92 benchmarks. Our basic machine model assumes a dynamically scheduled processor with a 16536 entry instruction window. Up to 16536 instructions of any type can be issued each cycle, subject to data dependencies. In systems with unlimited memory bandwidth and perfect branch predictability, we nd that memory latency is not a signiicant limit to performance until it exceeds 100 to 200 cycles. Memory bandwidth is not usually a significant limit either. In systems with memory latency of 16 cycles and perfect branch predictability, many applications require less than 6 bytes per cycle, while all but one perform well if 100 bytes per cycle are available. Based on current trends in the semiconductor industry and current research in packaging and interface technology, we expect these latency requirements and bandwidth requirements to be achievable in future processors. By far, the biggest limit to performance was branch un-predictability. The use of one of the best existing branch predictors provided with very large table sizes resulted in performance three to ve times less than that achievable with perfect branch prediction for many benchmarks. Additionally , many benchmarks had signiicantly lower performance than the perfect case even with a futuristic branch predictor (with a mix of 75% perfect and 25% existing) was simulated. These results suggest that improved branch prediction techniques are crucial for improving future uniprocessor performance. 1 Introduction The performance of microprocessors has now been increasing at a rate of approximately 60% a year for more than a decade. Many diierent obstacles could limit the eventual performance of microprocessors. Some of these include