Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-Pt-TiO/sub 2/ composite film for perpendicular magnetic recording medium

A new type of oxide composite film was proposed as perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The storage layer is composed of Co-Pt and Ti-oxide. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the film exhibited a well isolated fine granular structure with small and uniform Co-Pt grains surrounded by TiO/sub 2/. More sufficient segregation by TiO/sub 2/ was realized from the beginning of the layer growth compared with other oxide addition film, resulting in a magnetically weak coupled structure. This film has a relatively large magnetic anisotropy constant (K/sub u/) and saturation magnetization (M/sub s/) of more than 5/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/ and about 800 emu/cm/sup 3/, respectively. The structure was brought about by a high sputtering gas pressure of Co-Pt-TiO/sub 2/ film deposition.
Investigating a causal model of anxiety in sport

Three experiments tested the Martens, Vealey, and Burton (1990) model of competitive anxiety. In experiment one, perceived uncertainty of outcome, one of three hypothesised causes of state anxiety (A-state), was manipulated by assigning 72 golfers to either a low uncertainty group (LU), composed of unequal ability pairs, or a high uncertainty group (HU), consisting of equal ability pairs. In experiment two perceived importance, another hypothesised cause of A-state was manipulated by assigning 52 club golfers to either a low importance (LI) group that competed for three golf balls, or a high importance (HI) group that competed for a new pair of golf shoes. Experiment three tested the hypothesised interaction between perceived uncertainty and importance by manipulating both perceived uncertainty and importance with 100 golfers.
A global optimal algorithm for class-dependent discretization of continuous data

This paper presents a new method to convert continuous variables into discrete variables for inductive machine learning. The method can be applied to pattern classification problems in machine learning and data mining. The discretization process is formulated as an optimization problem. We first use the normalized mutual information that measures the interdependence between the class labels and the variable to be discretized as the objective function, and then use fractional programming (iterative dynamic programming) to find its optimum. Unlike the majority of class-dependent discretization methods in the literature which only find the local optimum of the objective functions, the proposed method, OCDD, or Optimal Class-Dependent Discretization, finds the global optimum. The experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm is very effective in classification when coupled with popular learning systems such as C4.5 decision trees and Naive-Bayes classifier. It can be used to discretize continuous variables for many existing inductive learning systems.
A Riccati equation approach for 2D stability testing and stabilization

An approach which was derived for 2D system stability testing and associated stabilization is presented. The approach permits the testing of the stability of a given 2D system by solving two decoupled lower-dimensional discrete-time Riccati-type equations. If the two decoupled Riccati equations have positive-definite solutions, then the corresponding 2D system is stable. This considerably reduces the complexity of the numerical problems of other 2D stability tests. The idea has been used in a synthesis technique for 2D stabilization using feedback
Odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla: A report of a rare case and review on histogenetic and diagnostic concepts

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare and locally invasive benign neoplasm (comprising of 3-6% of all odontogenic tumors) found exclusively in the jaws. OM commonly occurs in the second and third decades, and the mandible is involved more commonly than the maxilla. The lesion often grows without symptoms and presents as a painless swelling. The radiographic features are variable, and the diagnosis is therefore not easy. This article presents a rare case of OM occurring in the maxilla of a 37-year-old female patient with a brief review of the pathogenesis, clinical, radiological, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of OM.
Requirement of Siderophore Biosynthesis for Plant Colonization by Salmonella enterica

ABSTRACT Contaminated fresh produce has become the number one vector of nontyphoidal salmonellosis to humans. However, Salmonella enterica genes essential for the life cycle of the organism outside the mammalian host are for the most part unknown. Screening deletion mutants led to the discovery that an aroA mutant had a significant root colonization defect due to a failure to replicate. AroA is part of the chorismic acid biosynthesis pathway, a central metabolic node involved in aromatic amino acid and siderophore production. Addition of tryptophan or phenylalanine to alfalfa root exudates did not restore aroA mutant replication. However, addition of ferrous sulfate restored replication of the aroA mutant, as well as alfalfa colonization. Tryptophan and phenylalanine auxotrophs had minor plant colonization defects, suggesting that suboptimal concentrations of these amino acids in root exudates were not major limiting factors for Salmonella replication. An entB mutant defective in siderophore biosynthesis had colonization and growth defects similar to those of the aroA mutant, and the defective phenotype was complemented by the addition of ferrous sulfate. Biosynthetic genes of each Salmonella siderophore, enterobactin and salmochelin, were upregulated in alfalfa root exudates, yet only enterobactin was sufficient for plant survival and persistence. Similar results in lettuce leaves indicate that siderophore biosynthesis is a widespread or perhaps universal plant colonization fitness factor for Salmonella, unlike phytobacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas.
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF NONLINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELD MODELING OF THE SOLAR CORONA FOR ACTIVE REGION 10953

Nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) models are thought to be viable tools for investigating the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the coronae of solar active regions. In a series of NLFFF modeling studies, we have found that NLFFF models are successful in application to analytic test cases, and relatively successful when applied to numerically constructed Sun-like test cases, but they are less successful in application to real solar data. Different NLFFF models have been found to have markedly different field line configurations and to provide widely varying estimates of the magnetic free energy in the coronal volume, when applied to solar data. NLFFF models require consistent, force-free vector magnetic boundary data. However, vector magnetogram observations sampling the photosphere, which is dynamic and contains significant Lorentz and buoyancy forces, do not satisfy this requirement, thus creating several major problems for force-free coronal modeling efforts. In this paper, we discuss NLFFF modeling of NOAA Active Region 10953 using Hinode/SOT–SP, Hinode/XRT, STEREO/SECCHI–EUVI, and SOHO/MDI observations, and in the process illustrate three such issues we judge to be critical to the success of NLFFF modeling: (1) vector magnetic field data covering larger areas are needed so that more electric currents associated with the full active regions of interest are measured, (2) the modeling algorithms need a way to accommodate the various uncertainties in the boundary data, and (3) a more realistic physical model is needed to approximate the photosphere-to-corona interface in order to better transform the forced photospheric magnetograms into adequate approximations of nearly force-free fields at the base of the corona. We make recommendations for future modeling efforts to overcome these as yet unsolved problems.
Executive Functioning as a Component of Suicide Risk Assessment: Clarifying its Role in Standard Clinical Applications

Clinically, because executive dysfunction (e.g., impulsivity, insight, thinking process) is often thought of in the context of those with traumatic brain injuries and other neurologic conditions, its formal assessment has historically been seen as the domain of those who assess and treat patients with neurologic disease. However, mental health counselors (MHCs) could benefit from learning how executive functioning relates to suicide risk assessment and coping strategies. Assessment of executive functions can be incorporated in routine clinical practice without the need for formal neuropsychological measures or other time-consuming procedures. In fact, during standard clinical assessment, mental health professionals often informally assess components of executive functioning such as impulsivity, insight, and thinking processes. This article highlights aspects of executive functioning with which MHCs may already be familiar and demonstrates their clinical utility in enhancing assessment and management of su.
Simulation and Visualization of Room Compensation for Wave Field Synthesis with the Functional Transformation Method

Active room compensation based on wave field synthesis (WFS) has been recently introduced. So far, the verification of the compensation algorithms is only possible through elaborate acoustical measurements. Therefore, a new simulation method is applied that is based on the functional transformation method (FTM). Compared with other simulation techniques, the FTM provides several advantages that facilitate the correct simulation of the complete wave field particularly in the interesting frequency ranges for WFS. The entire procedure, starting from the virtual ”measurements” of the acoustical properties of the simulated room, via the correct excitation for the simulated wave field, towards the resulting animations is presented in this paper.
Investigation of Vascular Responses in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase/Cyclooxygenase-1 Double-Knockout Mice: Key Role for Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in the Regulation of Blood Pressure in Vivo

Background—Endothelium-dependent dilatation is mediated by 3 principal vasodilators: nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). To determine the relative contribution of these factors in endothelium-dependent relaxation, we have generated mice in which the enzymes required for endothelial NO and PGI2 production, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), respectively, have been disrupted (eNOS−/− and COX-1−/− mice). Methods and Results—In female mice, the absence of eNOS and COX-1 had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure (BP), whereas BP was significantly elevated in eNOS−/−/COX-1−/− males compared with wild-type controls. Additionally, endothelium-dependent relaxation remained intact in the resistance vessels of female mice and was associated with vascular smooth muscle hyperpolarization; however, these responses were profoundly suppressed in arteries of male eNOS−/−/COX-1−/− animals. Similarly, the endothelium-dependent vasodilator bradykinin produced dose-dependent hypotension in female eNOS−/−/COX-1−/− animals in vivo but had no effect on BP in male mice. Conclusions—These studies indicate that EDHF is the predominant endothelium-derived relaxing factor in female mice, whereas NO and PGI2 are the predominant mediators in male mice. Moreover, the gender-specific prevalence of EDHF appears to underlie the protection of female eNOS−/−/COX-1−/− mice against hypertension.
An improved HDRI acquisition algorithm based on quality measurement

In order to reduce the gap between dynamic range of real scene and that of traditional imaging devices, a high dynamic range (HDR) image acquisition algorithm based on quality measurement is proposed. The algorithm fuses a stack of multi-exposure image sequence in image domain. The weighting map of an image is determined by a quality measurement, and then further smoothed in order to reduce possible blocking artifact. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm provides an HDR image with rich details. Moreover, the HDR image acquired can be clearly shown on low dynamic range displaying device without tone-mapping work and save the complexity computation.
Limit theorems for some adaptive MCMC algorithms with subgeometric kernels

This paper deals with the ergodicity and the existence of a strong law of large numbers for adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We show that a diminishing adaptation assumption together with a drift condition for positive recurrence is enough to imply ergodicity. Strengthening the drift condition to a polynomial drift condition yields a strong law of large numbers for possibly unbounded functions. These results broaden considerably the class of adaptive MCMC algorithms for which rigorous analysis is now possible. As an example, we give a detailed analysis of the Adaptive Metropolis Algorithm of Haario et al. (2001) when the target distribution is sub-exponential in the tails.
Resveratrol did not alter blood pressure in rats with nitric oxide synthase-inhibited hypertension

Summary Background: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a well-known experimental model of hypertension (HT). It was shown that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of HT. Resveratrol is a potent anti-oxidant that is found in red grapes, peanuts and red wine. It improves the NO response and increases endothelial NOS expression, which causes endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation as well as renal vasodilation. We aimed to explore the effects of resveratrol on blood pressure, the water–salt balance and sodium excretion as a reflection of renal function in NOS-inhibited rat models. Methods: Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–250g) were used in this study. In order to obtain hypertension models, an NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginin (L-NNA) was used. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: controls (given water and 0.8% salty diet) and four groups [given L-NNA, resveratrol (RSV) eluent, RSV, and L-NNA + RSV]. Blood pressures were measured indirectly by the tailcuff method on the first, seventh and 10th days. At the end of the study protocol (10th day), fluid balance, glomerular filtration rate, fractional sodium excretion, and blood and urinesodium and creatinine levels were measured. Results: At the end of the study protocol, blood pressures were higher in only the L-NNA group (117.8 ± 3.5 vs 149.5 ± 2.1 mmHg; p < 0.05), as expected. Additional applications of RSV with L-NNA could not prevent the increase in blood pressure (122.8 ± 7.3 vs 155.4 ± 4.4 mmHg; p < 0.05). There were no remarkable changes in water–salt balance and renal function with the application of resveratrol. Conclusion: Resveratrol was unable to prevent or reverse blood pressure increase in NOS-inhibited rats.
Elementary School Children with Behavior Problems: Teacher-Child Relations and Self-Perception. A Prospective Study

The teacher relations and self-perception of children with externalizing (n = 26) and internalizing behavior problems (n = 25) and a nonproblematic group (n = 44) were studied prospectively. The children were assessed with the Rutter CBQ in 1st grade. Classroom observations of teacher-child interactions were performed in 2nd grade. The teacher relationship was assessed with the Pianta STRS and with child self-reports, and self-perception was assessed with a Swedish instrument in 3rd grade. Children with externalizing problems had more conflicts with teachers, as well as more negative attitudes in teacher relationships and a less positive self-perception, than did untroubled children. Children with internalizing problems had more dependent and conflictual teacher relationships than did untroubled children. There was little evidence of moderating effects of social competence on the teacher-child relations of children with behavior problems. Observed conflictual teacher interactions to some extent contributed to negative teacher relationships independently of problem status.
Calcium Current Channels Induced by Catecholamines in Chick Embryonic Hearts Whose Fast Sodium Channels are Blocked by Tetrodotoxin or Elevated Potassium

In isolated ventricles of old (9–19 day) chick embryonic hearts made inexcitable by inactivating the fast sodium channels with either tetrodotoxin (TTX) or elevated external potassium, catecholamines induced slow electrical responses and concomitant contractions within 1–3 minutes. These slow responses had a higher threshold and propagated at a slower velocity than did the normal action potential. They were often graded and quite variable from one region of the heart to another. They were blocked by lanthanum or manganese (1 mM) and showed a dependence on the external calcium level. Strontium and barium could substitute for calcium. The slow channels were not completely inactivated when the external potassium concentration was raised until low membrane potentials of –10 to –25 mv were reached. The catecholamine-induced responses had a shape similar to that of the plateau component of the normal action potential, and cooling affected both in a similar manner. In some cases, slow responses persisted in TTX-blocked hearts even without the addition of exogenous catecholamines. Cyclic 3′,5′ AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, theophylline, and caffeine partially mimicked the catecholamines, but usually the development of the response to these drugs was much slower. Prostaglandins, ryanodine, and acetylcholine had no effect. The order of effectiveness of the catecholamines was isoproterenol > epinephrine ≥ norepinephrine > dopamine ≥ dopa. Phenylalanine and tyrosine were ineffective. Isoproterenol produced a near-maximal effect at 5 × 10−7M. Propranolol blocked the catecholamine-induced effects. In young (2–5 day) hearts, there was no evidence that catecholamines produced a similar effect, and they did not have a positive inotropic action or an effect on the slow sodium channels. The results suggest that catecholamines quickly increase the density of divalent cation channels available in the sarcolemma of older chick hearts, thereby increasing the inward Ca2− current and influencing contraction.
Tough Times at Transitional Homeless Shelters: Considering the Impact of Financial Insecurity on Digital Security and Privacy

Addressing digital security and privacy issues can be particularly difficult for users who face challenging circumstances. We performed semi-structured interviews with residents and staff at 4 transitional homeless shelters in the U.S. San Francisco Bay Area (n=15 residents, 3 staff) to explore their digital security and privacy challenges. Based on these interviews, we outline four tough times themes --- challenges experienced by our financially insecure participants that impacted their digital security and privacy --- which included: (1) limited financial resources, (2) limited access to reliable devices and Internet, (3) untrusted relationships, and (4) ongoing stress. We provide examples of how each theme impacts digital security and privacy practices and needs. We then use these themes to provide a framework outlining opportunities for technology creators to better support users facing security and privacy challenges related to financial insecurity.
CHILD EATING IN THE ABSENCE OF HUNGER AND LOSS OF CONTROL EATING

Laboratory studies in children have found that, following a self-reported satiating meal, girls who consume relatively large amounts of palatable food in the absence of hunger have a higher BMI and gain more weight across middle childhood than do girls who consume less. Loss of control eating (LOC) in children has been associated with increased BMI, aberrant eating, and general psychopathology in cross-sectional and longitudinal research. Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) appears to be a behavioral analogue of the dietary disinhibition that is a feature of LOC. However, no studies of which we are aware have examined the relationship between a laboratory measure of EAH and LOC. Additionally, the majority of studies examining EAH have been conducted in homogenous samples comprised primarily of non-Hispanic White girls. Thus, the aims of this study were to replicate the EAH paradigm in a racially diverse sample, evaluate the relationship between BMI and EAH, and examine whether EAH consumption was associated with self-reported LOC in a sample of 51 Black and White girls age 10-13 years. Results indicated that girls consumed an average of 339.7 (SD = 283.3) calories in the absence of hunger. EAH intake was not associated with race or BMI. EAH intake predicted LOC, such that for each additional 100 calories consumed, girls were 1.7 times more likely to report LOC. Longitudinal research is needed in younger children to evaluate the nature of EAH as an early behavioral marker of risk for LOC and its sequelae. Additional research is also needed to examine the relationship between mood and EAH in children with LOC. Findings from the current study suggest that EAH may be used to identify young children at risk for development of aberrant eating and weight problems. Future studies should identify young children who consume large amounts during the EAH procedure and design interventions aimed at reducing eating that is in response to environmental cues.
Predicting Yelp Star Ratings Based on Text Analysis of User

We perform sentiment analysis based on Yelp user reviews. We treat a Yelp star rating of 4 or 5 as a positive sentiment and a rating of 1, 2 or 3 as a negative one. Various language models are used to obtain feature vectors and we implement three different algorithms, namely perceptron learning algorithm, Naive Bayes and SVM to predict sentiment. The performances of these three algorithms on this binary classification problem are discussed in this paper.
Pattern-formation mechanisms in motility mutants of Myxococcus xanthus

Formation of spatial patterns of cells is a recurring theme in biology and often depends on regulated cell motility. Motility of the rod-shaped cells of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus depends on two motility machineries, type IV pili (giving rise to S-motility) and the gliding motility apparatus (giving rise to A-motility). Cell motility is regulated by occasional reversals. Moving M. xanthus cells can organize into spreading colonies or spore-filled fruiting bodies, depending on their nutritional status. To ultimately understand these two pattern-formation processes and the contributions by the two motility machineries, as well as the cell reversal machinery, we analyse spatial self-organization in three M. xanthus strains: (i) a mutant that moves unidirectionally without reversing by the A-motility system only, (ii) a unidirectional mutant that is also equipped with the S-motility system, and (iii) the wild-type that, in addition to the two motility systems, occasionally reverses its direction of movement. The mutant moving by means of the A-engine illustrates that collective motion in the form of large moving clusters can arise in gliding bacteria owing to steric interactions of the rod-shaped cells, without the need of invoking any biochemical signal regulation. The two-engine strain mutant reveals that the same phenomenon emerges when both motility systems are present, and as long as cells exhibit unidirectional motion only. From the study of these two strains, we conclude that unidirectional cell motion induces the formation of large moving clusters at low and intermediate densities, while it results in vortex formation at very high densities. These findings are consistent with what is known from self-propelled rod models, which strongly suggests that the combined effect of self-propulsion and volume exclusion interactions is the pattern-formation mechanism leading to the observed phenomena. On the other hand, we learn that when cells occasionally reverse their moving direction, as observed in the wild-type, cells form small but strongly elongated clusters and self-organize into a mesh-like structure at high enough densities. These results have been obtained from a careful analysis of the cluster statistics of ensembles of cells, and analysed in the light of a coagulation Smoluchowski equation with fragmentation.