Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Bone Loss in SAMP 6 : A Murine Model for Senile Osteoporosis

mately balances the amount of bone resorption. In aged individuals, the balance shifts to favor bone resorption, which can result in debilitating diseases such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, and predisposes a person to an increased risk of fracture. Bone strength primarily reflects the integration of bone density and bone quality. Osteoporosis is regarded as a heterogeneous disorder with multiple causes. It is roughly divided into two distinct types. Type I, known as postmenopausal osteoporosis, occurs in women after menopause. Type II, senile osteoporosis, occurs in both old men and women. Ovariectomy has been extensively used as an experimental model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, while senescence-accelerated mice P6 (SAMP6) can be used as a senile osteoporosis model. These mice exhibit a significant decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone formation. It was demonstrated by using light microscopy and histomorphometric method that both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis decreased in SAMP6. Recently, we found that the osteoblasts showed degenerative changes and the number of osteoblasts decreased, while the mast cells in bone marrows significantly increased in SAMP6 at 2 and 5 months of age. These findings indicated that the lower bone mass in SAMP6 was mainly due to the reduction of osteoblast formation. However, the pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis has not fully been elucidated. Despite numerous investigations, the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis remain unsolved problems. Several agents such as estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been used clinically in the treatment of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has developed its own unique system during a period of 3000 years and has recently been reevaluated in the clinical field. Chinese medicines are known to have low toxicity and are suitable for long-term administration compared to chemically synthesized medicines. Several Chinese medicines are claimed to be effective in treatment of osteoporosis. By measuring BMD and serum hormone levels, Sassa et al. found that Hochu-ekki-to could elevate the serum level of ovarian hormone and prevent the bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, could inhibit BMD decrease in both male and female SAMP6. It was morphologically demonstrated that Hachimi-jio-gan, Juzentaiho-to and Unkei-to were effective in preventing bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats. However, no data are available as to the recovery of bone loss in SAMP6 by any of these Chinese medicines. In order to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on senile osteoporosis, we examined whether Hachimi-jio-gan, Juzen-taiho-to or Unkei-to could prevent the bone loss in SAMP6.
The Colors of Anger, Envy, Fear, and Jealousy

Word associations or verbal synesthesia between concepts of color and emotions were studied in Gersnany, Mexico, Poland, Russia, and the United States. With emotion words as the between-subjects variable, 661 undergraduates indicated on 6-point scales to what extent anger, envy, fear, and jealousy reminded them of 12 terms of color. In all nations, the colors of anger were black and red, fear was black, and jealousy was red. Cross-cultural differences were (a) Poles connected anger, envy, and jealousy also with purple; (b) Germans associated envy and jealousy with yellow; and (c) Americans associated envy with black, green, and red, but for the Russians it was black, purple, and yellow. The findings suggest that cross-modal associations originate in universal human experiences and in culture-specific variables, such as language, mythology, and literature.
Assessing whether practical wisdom and awe of god are associated with life satisfaction

Although emotion figures prominently in religious life, there has been little research on one of the strongest religious emotions—awe of God. The purpose of this study was to embed this key religious emotion in a wider latent-variable model that contains the following core hypotheses: (a) more frequent church attendance is associated with greater practical wisdom; (b) people with more practical wisdom are more likely to experience awe of God; (c) individuals who experience awe of God are more likely to say they feel a deep sense of connectedness with others; and (d) those who feel more closely connected with others will be more satisfied with their lives. New measures were developed to assess awe of God and practical wisdom. Findings from a recent nationwide survey (N 1,535) of middle-aged and older adults provided support for each of these relationships. Randall Collins (2005), a widely cited social theorist, argues that emotional energy is the force that motivates all of social life. This observation is consistent with a long history of research on the role that emotions play in religion. Ever since the pioneering work of Durkheim (1915/1965), a number of researchers have devoted considerable attention to describing the ways in which emotions shape the adoption of religious beliefs and behaviors (Davies, 2011; Riis & Woodhead, 2010). In fact, Roberts (2007) argues that religious emotions are the essential way in which church teachings are assimilated into the lives of the faithful. He identifies a range of emotions that are associated with religious involvement, including joy, contrition, gratitude, and compassion. However, it is surprising to find that he overlooks of one of the more intense emotional religious experiences—awe of God. Shiota, Keltner, and Mossman (2007) define awe as “ . a n emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that overwhelm current mental structures, yet facilitate attempts at accommodation” (p. 944). Building on this general definition, we define awe of God as feeling overwhelmed by the vastness of God’s creations, power, wisdom, and timelessness coupled with the effort to assimilate these experiences into new mental models. Although awe of God is a powerful religious emotion, the literature on this concept is underdeveloped. Theoretical and theological discussions of awe of God abound in the literature (e.g., Keltner & Haidt, 2003; Sundararajan, 2002; Wettstein, 1997). In fact, awe of God forms the cornerstone of Otto’s (1917/1958)
Consumo de drogas y su percepción por parte de inmigrantes latinoamericanos

Drug consumption and perception among Latin American immigrants. The aim of this study is to obtain information about drug consumption, leisure activities and knowledge of community services among Spanish-speaking immigrants to prevent drug abuse in this population. Quantitative methodology was used. The field work of this study has two phases: in the first stage (2003), a survey of social perception of drugs was administered to 147 subjects. During the second stage (2004), 610 surveys were administered. Data were analysed by bivariate analysis. Usual consumption of alcohol was 40.1%, usual consumption of tobacco was 31.3%, and usual consumption of cannabis was 3.4% . Drug users considered that the main reason for drug consumption was «to have fun» (p<.03). There is a relationship between leisure time and drug use. Family plays an important role in drug abuse prevention and preventive drug abuse programs must be adapted to this population.
Multicultural Teacher Education in Special and Bilingual Education Exploring Multiple Measurement Strategies to Assess Teacher Learning

present this special series of Remedial and Special Education, edited by Stan Trent and Alfredo Artiles. The focus of multicultural teacher education in special education represents an important outgrowth of broader concerns for multicultural education as reflected in previous issues of RASE and throughout the special education literature. This set of articles provides the field direction for preparing the next generation of special education professionals for the realities of a diverse school population. —Tom Smith
Do Single?Sex Classes Affect Achievement? A Study in a Coeducational University

We examine the effect of single? sex classes on the pass rates, grades, and course choices of students in a coeducational university. We randomly assign students to all? female, all? male, and coed classes and, therefore, get around the selection issues present in other studies on single? sex education. We find that one hour a week of single? sex education benefits females: females are 7.5% more likely to pass their first year courses and score 10% higher in their required second year classes than their peers attending coeducational classes. We find no effect of single? sex education on the subsequent probability that a female will take technical classes and there is no effect of single? sex education for males. Furthermore we are able to examine potential mechanisms and indirect effects of single? sex education. We find that the effects of single? sex education do not appear to be driven by a tracking mechanism and that there are indirect effects on class attendance and completion of optional assignments for females. However, the indirect effects cannot explain much of the effect of single-sex education for females.
Measurement of Line-to-Ground Capacitance in Distribution Network Considering Magnetizing Impedance's Frequency Characteristic

Signal injection method (SIM) is widely applied to the insulation parameters’ measurement in distribution network for its convenience and safety. It can be divided into two kinds of patterns: injecting a specific frequency signal or several frequencies’ groups, and scanning frequency in a scheduled frequency scope. In order to avoid the disadvantages in related researches, improved signal injection method (ISIM), in which the frequency characteristic of the transformer magnetizing impedance is taken into consideration, is proposed. In addition, optimization for signal injection position has been accomplished, and the corresponding three calculation methods of line-to-ground capacitance has been derived. Calculations are carried out through the vector information (vector calculation method), the amplitude information (amplitude calculation method), the phase information (phase calculation method) of voltage and current in signal injecting port, respectively. The line-to-ground capacitance is represented by lumped parameter capacitances in high-voltage simulation test. Eight different sinusoidal signals are injected into zero-sequence circuit, and then line-to-ground capacitance is calculated with the above-mentioned vector calculation method based on the voltage and the current data of the injecting port. The results obtained by the vector calculation method show that ISIM has a wider application frequency range compared with signal injection method with rated parameters (RSIM) and SIM. The RSIM is calculated with the rated transformer parameters of magnetizing impedance, and the SIM based on the ideal transformer model, and the relative errors of calculation results of ISIM are smaller than that for other methods in general. The six groups of two-frequency set are chosen in a specific scope which is recommended by vector calculation results. Based on ISIM, the line-to-ground capacitance calculations through the amplitude calculation method and phase calculation method are compared, and then its application frequency range, which can work as a guidance for line-to-ground capacitance measurement, is concluded.
Outcomes-based assessment and reporting in language learning programmes: a review of the issues

In recent years educational authorities in many countries have introduced outcomes-based assessment and reporting systems in the form of national standards, frameworks and benchmarks of various kinds which are used both for purposes of system accountability and for assessing individual progress and achievement in language learning. However, in some cases the introduction of these systems has proved problematic, owing to a number of political, technical and practical factors. These include the difficulty of combining formative assessment with summative reporting, the differing information requirements of different audiences, concerns about the validity and reliability of outcome statements and the lack of appropriate resources to support implementation. Such problems may be able to be alleviated by closer consultation between policy-makers, administrators and practitioners, by undertaking further research into the validity and consistency of outcome statements and by strengthening the links between assessment and reporting. A major investment in teacher professional development is necessary if teachers are to be responsible for carrying out their own assessments. Ongoing research needs to be conducted into the effects of outcomes-based assessment and reporting on student learning.
Self-management for people with early dementia

This article describes the concept of self-management and how it is being promoted. This is followed by a consideration of why dementia has been largely set aside. Illustrations of how people with early dementia might be enabled to participate are given and the requirements that will help to make this a reality are postulated. These include early disclosure of the diagnosis, support with the consequences of disclosure, a focus upon the needs of the person with dementia, identification of specific interventions that might facilitate self-management, meeting needs for professional education and support and a whole systems approach towards treatment and care. The results of a scoping review of the evidence is given, with an extra factor of meeting needs for lay and patient education being identified in addition to those elements originally postulated. The implications of policy neglect combined with a patchy evidence base and unrecognized service innovations are discussed.
Toward a multidimensional definition of sportsmanship

Abstract One major problem with research conducted on sportsmanship is the absence of an accepted definition. The purpose of this study was to attempt to derive a definition of sportsmanship by applying premises from social psychological theories and research. A major assumption of this perspective is that sportsmanship meanings and labels attached to given behaviors are learned through interpersonal interactions with various sport participants and that eventually a consensual agreement develops regarding the nature of sportsmanship. It thus follows that a meaningful definition of sportsmanship should be obtained through the athletes themselves. In this study, 1056 male and female athletes completed a questionnaire which contained various items pertaining to sportsmanship. Results from a factor analysis revealed the presence of 5 factors corresponding to the respect and concern for: a) one's full commitment toward sport participation, b) the rules and officials. c) social conventions, d) the opponent, as .
PhoP-PhoP Interaction at Adjacent PhoP Binding Sites Is Influenced by Protein Phosphorylation

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis PhoP regulates the expression of unknown virulence determinants and the biosynthesis of complex lipids. PhoP, like other members of the OmpR family, comprises a phosphorylation domain at the amino-terminal half and a DNA-binding domain at the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. To explore structural effect of protein phosphorylation and to examine effect of phosphorylation on DNA binding, purified PhoP was phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate in a reaction that was dependent on Mg2+ and Asp-71. Protein phosphorylation was not required for DNA binding; however, phosphorylation enhanced in vitro DNA binding through protein-protein interaction(s). Evidence is presented here that the protein-protein interface is different in the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of PhoP and that specific DNA binding plays a critical role in changing the nature of the protein-protein interface. We show that phosphorylation switches the transactivation domain to a different conformation, which specifies additional protein-protein contacts between PhoP protomers bound to adjacent cognate sites. Together, our observations raise the possibility that PhoP, in the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms, may be capable of adopting different orientations as it binds to a vast array of genes to activate or repress transcription.
‘Theory of Mind’ and Tracking Speakers’ Intentions

Typical theory of mind tasks assess children's ability to attribute a false belief in order to predict or explain an action. According to these standard tasks, young children do not represent the independent (mistaken) beliefs of others until the fourth year - yet long before this, children are able to track speakers' intentions in order to learn new words. Might communication be a privileged domain for theory of mind? In the present study we explored pre-schoolers' ability to track a false belief in order to acquire a novel word. A puppet labeled a novel object in a false belief condition (contents of a box had been switched without her knowledge), and a true belief condition (contents switched in her presence). Children were significantly better at tracking the puppet's false belief in the word-learning task than in a standard false belief test. Possible reasons for this advantage are discussed, and the suggestion made that representation of mental states may emerge precociously in the service of communication.
A Study of NBTI and Short-Term Threshold Hysteresis of Thin Nitrided and Thick Non-Nitrided Oxides

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation and recovery have been investigated for 7-50-nm non-nitrided oxides and compared to thin 1.8- and 2.2-nm nitrided oxides from a dual work function technology. A wide regime of stress fields from 2.5 to 10 MV/cm has been covered. Thermal activation has been studied for temperatures from 25 degC to 200 degC. The NBTI effect for the nitrided oxide is larger than for non-nitrided oxides. The percentage of threshold shift V th which is ldquolostrdquo during a long measurement delay-which is the quantity leading to curved V th versus stress-time curves and to errors in extrapolated lifetimes-is about equal for nitrided or thick non-nitrided oxides. The fraction of recovered V th is strongly dependent on stress time but only weakly dependent on stress field. Recovery in thick oxides leads to exactly the same problems as for non-nitrided oxides, and clearly, a fast measurement method is needed. The effect of short-term threshold shifts has been studied for extremely short stress times down to 200 ns.
Human Values in Swedish Management

This paper tries to evolve a distinctive model of Swedish management from the standpoint of human values. The author attempts to understand the deeper and subtle aspects of the Scandinavian manage ment style and discusses ways to understand different management styles in different cultural contexts and how they can be sustained in an information age where culture-specific values face extinction. His analysis draws on several sources including personal experiences and mythological references. The paper explores the 'deep structure' of the Swedish mind and enumerates 'typical Swedish' values like equality, self-criticism, worship of nature, and their relationship with the Swedish management style. It also articulates the dilemma of the Swedish manager who has to stick to traditional Swedish values at work and at the same time be responsive to universal human values. According to the author, the ideal way to overcome this dilemma is to transcend into pure being by knowing one's real self and then coming out into the world of action to reflect the universal in the relative.
Ethnic Identity, Self-Efficacy, and Intercultural Attitudes in East African and U.S. Youth

Positive intercultural attitudes and civic action are increasingly important for youth around the world given the economic, social justice, and environmental challenges they face. Among U.S. youth and emerging adults, ethnic identity and self-efficacy are related to positive intercultural attitudes and may prompt civic engagement. Youth’s efficacy and civic involvement are critically important in sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of civil conflict are among the highest in the world. However, little research has been conducted with East African youth. In this paper, we discuss contextual challenges facing East African youth and the potential role of ethnic identity and self-efficacy in promoting peaceful and sustainable societies. We report qualitative results and scores on standard measures of self -efficacy, ethnic identity, and intercultural attitudes for 554 youth members of environmental clubs in Tanzania, Uganda, and the United States. Ethnic identity was associated with enhanced self-efficacy in East African, but not U.S. participants. East Africans scored higher on ethnic identity compared to U.S. youth and were more likely to reference intercultural attitudes in open-ended responses. Results provide some support for construct relevance in East Africa, however psychometric results, including internal consistency, validity, and factor structure, were mixed. Our results provide a cautionary tale about the import of measures across cultures and contexts. There is a need for international research, measurement development, and further explication of the meaning and function of ethnic identity across cultures.
Using Scrum in Global Software Development: A Systematic Literature Review

There is a growing interest in applying agile practices in Global Software Development (GSD) projects. The literature on using Scrum, one of the most popular agile approaches, in distributed development projects has steadily been growing. However, there has not been any effort to systematically select, review, and synthesize the literature on this topic. We have conducted a systematic literature review of the primary studies that report using Scrum practices in GSD projects. Our search strategy identified 366 papers, of which 20 were identified as primary papers relevant to our research. We extracted data from these papers to identify various challenges of using Scrum in GSD. Current strategies to deal with the identified challenges have also been extracted. This paper presents the review’s findings that are expected to help researchers and practitioners to understand the challenges involved in using Scrum for GSD projects and the strategies available to deal with them.
Perception of Dental Professionals towards Biostatistics

Biostatistics is becoming an integral part of dental sciences. Awareness regarding the subject is not thoroughly assessed in the field of dentistry. So the study was conducted to assess dental professionals' knowledge, attitude, and perception toward biostatistics at an academic dental institution. An anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among all the faculty and postgraduate students of two dental colleges in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. The responses were assessed on 5-point likert scale. The survey response rate was 73.71%. Two-thirds of respondents believed biostatistics to be a difficult subject and at the same time half of them did not consider it to be more difficult than other subjects in dentistry. Females were less competent than males in applying biostatistical skills which was found to be statistically significant. Results suggested that dentists with research or academics as an adjunct to their clinical practice had better command over the subject. The current study shows that there is lack of command over the subject of biostatistics among dental professionals although they were aware of its importance in dentistry. There is a need of changing the training pattern of biostatistics for dental professionals which would make them confident enough to apply biostatistics in their clinical practice.