Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Approach For Classifying Sentiments in Arabic tweets

Nowadays, sentiment analysis methods become more and more popular especially with the proliferation of social media platform users number. In the same context, this paper presents a sentiment analysis approach which can faithfully translate the sentimental orientation of Arabic Twitter posts, based on a novel data representation and machine learning techniques. The proposed approach applied a wide range of features: lexical, surface-form, syntactic, etc. We also made use of lexicon features inferred from two Arabic sentiment words lexicons. To build our supervised sentiment analysis system, we use several standard classification methods (Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbour, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, Random Forest) known by their effectiveness over such classification issues. In our study, Support Vector Machines classifier outperforms other supervised algorithms in Arabic Twitter sentiment analysis. Via an ablation experiments, we show the positive impact of lexicon based features on providing higher prediction performance.
Doctoral students' information behaviour: an exploratory study at the University of Parma (Italy)

Purpose – The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the information behaviour of a group of doctoral students in the field of biology with the aim of understanding their needs and obtaining suggestions for an improved library service.Design/methodology/approach – In‐depth semi‐structured interviews explore which information sources students use, research strategies they adopt, the role people adopt in their information seeking process and the attitude students have towards library services.Findings – Doctoral students rely heavily on the internet for their research work. They appreciate simple and easy research tools and their use of the library is limited to a few services, such as document delivery and interlibrary loan. People play a crucial role in doctoral students' information behaviour mainly in terms of suggesting relevant documents. Students demonstrate progress throughout the years of their doctorate course in terms of awareness and information competence.Practical implications – T.
Information-seeking questions and incredulity questions: gradient or categorical contrast?

This paper investigates the perceptual cues used by Catalan listeners to distinguish between information-seeking and incredulity yes/no questions. Two experiments examined the potential contribution of pitch height of the boundary tone and duration of the last syllable as primary cues in distinguishing sentence types. The results show that a difference in pitch scaling of the boundary tone HH% is the strongest cue for perceptually distinguishing between the two interpretations. Identification results and the absence of a consistent peak in Reaction Time measurements suggest that this perceptual contrast may be gradient rather than categorical in nature.
You see me, but do you hear me? The science and sensibility of trans-species dialogue

Talking with animals comes naturally and happens the world over. Traditional indigenous peoples depend on their abilities to understand the birds, grazers, and hunters who share their land and waters and we converse intimately with the dogs, cats, birds, and other animals with whom we live. Nonetheless, science and society cast a skeptical eye on claims that animals think and communicate on par with humans. Now, this view is changing. We have entered into a remarkable new ethical and psychological consilience as scientific theories and data converge with age-old experience. Communicating with animals — hearing what they are saying and talking with them — is not only possible, it has never stopped.
Factors Affecting the Performance of Smear and Culture Tests for the Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The probability of gonorrhea in men attending the DeKalb County, Georgia, clinic for sexually transmitted diseases with the chief complaint of urethral discharge and/or dysuria and whose urethral smears contain intracellular gram-negative diplococci is 94.8%. Absence of intracellular gram-negative diplococci from smears of the same men in associated with a 92.6% probability that they have nongonococcal urethritis rather than gonorrhea. There is a 97.3% probability of gonorrhea in our female patients at high risk of being infected and whose cervical smears contain intracellular gram-negative diplococci. Absence of intracellular gram-negative diplococci is associated with a probability of only 51.2% that these women do not have gonorrhea. The probability of gonorrhea in our male patients, whose smears contain intracellular gram-negative diplococci, drops from 94.8% to 34.9% when specimens are obtained from sexually active men without urethritis and to 53.9% when an inexperienced technician interprets smears from patients with urethritis. Vancomycin . HCl, which is included in Neisseria gonorrhoeae--selective media for suppression of microbial contaminants, also inhibited 2.4% of our gonococcal isolates and resulted in a falsely negative test. Awareness of these and other limitations of tests for gonorrhea, and of the magnitude and means of control of these limitations is essential to determining the presence or absence of gonococcal disease.
Accountability of Schools and Teachers: What Should Be Taken into Account?

The domain of school effectiveness relates to the question of accountability of schools. It is commonly agreed that a correction should be made for student background in order to achieve fair comparisons between schools. But even then, a fair estimation of the schools' value added is not achieved. The composition of the group of students has arguably an effect over and above individual student characteristics. This study addresses the effects of group composition in secondary schools and classes on achievement and well-being. Compositional effects are discussed with reference to type A and type B effects. Type A effects are school effectiveness indices, controlling for student background. Type B school effects are controlled for both student background and school context.
The long term effects of early acquired skills and behaviors on young children’s achievement in literacy and mathematics

Using the recently available wave of a large nationally representative sample of American elementary school children (ECLS-K data), this study examined the relationship between 6-7 year old students’ behaviors exhibited in the 1st grade (approaches to learning, interpersonal skills, externalizing and internalizing behavior) and their reading and mathematics achievement at the end of the 5th grade (pupils aged 10 - 11 years), controlling for their achievement in the 1st grade. Findings include the single behavioral dimension that has a substantial association with later achievement is students’ approaches to learning. The analysis of the interaction effects showed that students from families of low socioeconomic status, girls (in case of math) and minority students were more likely to have higher test scores given their improved approaches to learning. Further, the results demonstrated that basic skills (math and reading in the 1st grade) are substantial predictors of the 5th-grade approaches to learning. The findings reveal the complexity of the intertwined relationship between cognitive and behavior outcomes among young students and the long-term effects of early acquired skills and behaviors.
GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY: PSYCHIATRIC CERTIFICATES

SUMMARY A retrospective analysis of 70 cases referred for certification revealed that they accounted for less then 1% of total cases. Criminal cases constituted 50% and the rest were service and civil cases. There was no psychiatric problem detectable in 10% of the cases; 7% were for travel concessions. All the certificates issued in service matters were in favor of employees.
The Social Competence of Gifted Children: Experiments and Experience.

Discrepancies exist between the research literature on the social competence of gifted children and educators’ subjective experience of their students’ social problems. Five alternative hypotheses are examined which may account for discrepancies in these perspectives. To resolve these discrepancies between experience and experiment, five areas of change are suggested to improve research on the social competence of gifted children.
When Good Teaching Leads to Bad Results : The Disasters of " Well Taught " Mathematics Courses

This paper describes a case study in mathematics instruction, focusing on the development of mathematical understandings that took place in a tenth-grade geometry class. Two pictures of the instruction and its results emerged from the study. On the one hand, almost everything that took place in the classroom went as intended-both in terms of the curriculum and in terms of the quality of the instruction. The class was well managed and well taught, and the students did well on standard performance measures. Seen from this perspective, the class was quite successful. Yet from another perspective, the class was an important and illustrative failure. There were significant ways in which-from the mathematician's point of view-having taken the course may have done the students as much harm as good. Despite gaining proficiency at certain kinds of procedures, the students gained at best a fragmented sense of the subject matter and understood few if any of the connections that tie together the procedures that they had studied. More importantly, the students developed perspectives regarding the nature of mathematics that were not only inaccurate, but were likely to impede their acquisition and use of other mathematical knowledge. The implications of these findings for research on teaching and learning are discussed.
Variants of bosonization in parabosonic algebra: the Hopf and super-Hopf structures in parabosonic algebra

Parabosonic algebra in finite or infinite degrees of freedom is considered as a -graded associative algebra, and is shown to be a -graded (or super) Hopf algebra. The super-Hopf algebraic structure of the parabosonic algebra is established directly without appealing to its relation to the osp(1/2n) Lie superalgebraic structure. The notion of super-Hopf algebra is equivalently described as a Hopf algebra in the braided monoidal category . The bosonization technique for switching a Hopf algebra in the braided monoidal category (where H is a quasitriangular Hopf algebra) into an ordinary Hopf algebra is reviewed. In this paper, we prove that for the parabosonic algebra PB, beyond the application of the bosonization technique to the original super-Hopf algebra, a bosonization-like construction is also achieved using two operators, related to the parabosonic total number operator. Both techniques switch the same super-Hopf algebra PB to an ordinary Hopf algebra, thus producing two different variants of PB, with an ordinary Hopf structure.
Evaluating different methods of estimating retrieval quality for resource selection

In a federated digital library system, it is too expensive to query every accessible library. Resource selection is the task to decide to which libraries a query should be routed. Most existing resource selection algorithms compute a library ranking in a heuristic way. In contrast, the decision-theoretic framework (DTF) follows a different approach on a better theoretic foundation: It computes a selection which minimises the overall costs (e.g. retrieval quality, time, money) of the distributed retrieval. For estimating retrieval quality the recall-precision function is proposed. In this paper, we introduce two new methods: The first one computes the empirical distribution of the probabilities of relevance from a small library sample, and assumes it to be representative for the whole library. The second method assumes that the indexing weights follow a normal distribution, leading to a normal distribution for the document scores. Furthermore, we present the first evaluation of DTF by comparing this theoretical approach with the heuristical state-of-the-art system CORI; here we find that DTF outperforms CORI in most cases.
Brain Regions Mediating Flexible Rule Use during Development

During development, children improve at retrieving and using rules to guide their behavior and at flexibly switching between these rules. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the changes in brain function associated with developmental changes in flexible rule use. Three age groups (8–12, 13–17, and 18–25 years) performed a task in which they were cued to respond to target stimuli on the basis of simple task rules. Bivalent target stimuli were associated with different responses, depending on the rule, whereas univalent target stimuli were associated with fixed responses. The comparison of bivalent and univalent trials enabled the identification of regions modulated by demands on rule representation. The comparison of rule-switch and rule-repetition trials enabled the identification of regions involved in rule switching. We have used this task previously in adults and have shown that ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the (pre)-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA/SMA) have dissociable roles in task-switching, such that VLPFC is associated most closely with rule representation, and pre-SMA/SMA is associated with suppression of the previous task set (Crone et al., 2006a). Based on behavioral data in children (Crone et al., 2004), we had predicted that regions associated with task-set suppression would show mature patterns of activation earlier in development than regions associated with rule representation. Indeed, we found an adult-like pattern of activation in pre-SMA/SMA by adolescence, whereas the pattern of VLPFC activation differed among children, adolescents, and adults. These findings suggest that two components of task-switching—rule retrieval and task-set suppression—follow distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories.
Sanity, Madness and the Family

Psychiatry and follows a modern practice of collecting previously published papers along with specially contributed sections by different authors. It includes a review of recent literature with particular reference to psychopathology and psychotherapy in asthma, eczema and other allergic diseases including urticaria, hay fever, allergic rhinitis and gastro-intestinal allergies. A section entitled â€œ¿ Food-inducedAllergic Illness in Children' â€ ̃¿ by William Kaufman is based entirely on somatic principles of treatment. He relies on elimination of the offending food and on treatment with adrenaline, A.C. T.H. , adrenal corticoids, ephedrine, ergotamine, sedatives, aminophyllin, antispasmodics, and antihistaminics. He goes on to say that the mainstay in treatment is identification and removal of allergenic foods from the diet. Abramson describes the psychodynamics in terms of mother-child relationship which is characterized not by family patterns of rejection but by an engulf ment ofthe child for the parents' narcissistic situation. In conjunction with another author he describes the care of the asthmatic child in a residential unit and in private practice. The treatment of allergic conditions in general and of asthma in particular is complex and unsatis factory. It is necessary to face the fact that few psychiatrists in this country are given the opportunity of investigating and treating these conditions. In cynical moods one might think that this is fortunate. The psychodynamic processes are so profound that they touch the very core of being, yet prevention of such a widespread condition will depend upon the gaining of knowledge and the study of individual cases. Much progress has still to be made before there is sufficient integration of psychiatric and somatic contributions. The book emphasizes rather than resolves the different approaches, and lacks cohesion. J. H. KAHN.
Enhanced signal-to-noise ratios in frog hearing can be achieved through amplitude death

In the ear, hair cells transform mechanical stimuli into neuronal signals with great sensitivity, relying on certain active processes. Individual hair cell bundles of non-mammals such as frogs and turtles are known to show spontaneous oscillation. However, hair bundles in vivo must be quiet in the absence of stimuli, otherwise the signal is drowned in intrinsic noise. Thus, a certain mechanism is required in order to suppress intrinsic noise. Here, through a model study of elastically coupled hair bundles of bullfrog sacculi, we show that a low stimulus threshold and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be achieved through the amplitude death phenomenon (the cessation of spontaneous oscillations by coupling). This phenomenon occurs only when the coupled hair bundles have inhomogeneous distribution, which is likely to be the case in biological systems. We show that the SNR has non-monotonic dependence on the mass of the overlying membrane, and find out that the SNR has maximum value in the region of amplitude death. The low threshold of stimulus through amplitude death may account for the experimentally observed high sensitivity of frog sacculi in detecting vibration. The hair bundles' amplitude death mechanism provides a smart engineering design for low-noise amplification.
Abrupt Change in Forest Height along a Tropical Elevation Gradient Detected Using Airborne Lidar

Most research on vegetation in mountain ranges focuses on elevation gradients as climate gradients, but elevation gradients are also the result of geological processes that build and deconstruct mountains. Recent findings from the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico, have raised questions about whether erosion rates that vary due to past tectonic events and are spatially patterned in relation to elevation may drive vegetation patterns along elevation gradients. Here we use airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to observe forest height over the Luquillo Mountain Range. We show that models with different functional forms for the two prominent bedrock types best describe the forest height-elevation patterns. On one bedrock type there are abrupt decreases in forest height with elevation approximated by a sigmoidal function, with the inflection point near the elevation of where other studies have shown there to be a sharp change in erosion rates triggered by a tectonic uplift event that began approximately 4.2 My ago. Our findings are consistent with broad geologically mediated vegetation patterns along the elevation gradient, consistent with a role for mountain building and deconstructing processes.
Moving beyond traditional measures of entrepreneurial intentions in a study among life‐sciences students in the Netherlands

The rationale behind this study is that entrepreneurship education programmes (EEP) in post‐compulsory education mainly address entrepreneurial intentions, instead of actual entrepreneurial behaviour, and that students, compared to practicing entrepreneurs, might have a wide range of entrepreneurial intentions when entering such a programme. The question is whether or not students indeed have different entrepreneurial intentions and, if so, whether it is possible to predict these intentions based on various classical antecedents known to influence these intentions. A quantitative study among 102 life‐sciences students was carried out in order to investigate this question. The results show that students, independent of their domain of study, differentiate between different types of entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the results illustrate that gender and entrepreneurial self‐efficacy have a direct influence on entrepreneurial intentions. However, the effect of gender depended on the type of entrepreneurial intentions studied. As EEP aim to increase entrepreneurship not only as a start‐up activity but also more generally in the world of work, the outcomes of this study suggest that it is fruitful for such programmes to rethink the way they operationalise, approach and aim to stimulate entrepreneurial behaviour of students.
Interpreting `Resistance' Sociologically

This article explores the contextual, methodological and theoretical implications of using psychoanalytic concepts within sociological analysis. Through the interpretation of an interaction between myself and a research participant as an instance of `resistance', I argue that it is possible to recontextualize psychoanalytic concepts, but that this recontextualization involves an inevitable transformation in meaning. In addition, I suggest that an analysis incorporating psychoanalytically derived interpretations, combined with more traditional approaches to discursive social analysis, can enhance our understanding of social phenomena.
Trichostasis Spinulosa at an Unusual Site

Trichostasis spinulosa (TS) is very common yet unrecognized disorder of the hair follicle. Usually occurring on the mid-face, especially on the nose, TS occurs more commonly in young, adult dark skinned women. Here, we present a case of TS at an unusual site diagnosed on the basis of history, hair mount, dermoscopy, and histopathology.
Nordic walking: a systematic review

Nordic walking (NW) a new walking modality performed with poles as an aid to traction has been widely spread in recent years. Despite the many papers published many aspects are still unknown. So a systematic review has been done with the aim of presenting the state of the art and suggesting future research. Papers found were grouped in three categories: 31% were on body’s physiological response, 45%, were on fitness programs aimed at improving people’s health and 24% were on biomechanical aspects. It can be concluded conclude that NW can be considered an intermediate locomotive mode between walking and running. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, expiratory volume, energy expenditure and lactic acid levels are increased during NW at the same subjective speed as walking. There is no evidence of any contraindication in NW in the groups studied, and therefore it is an activity of great interest to most of the population. However, all is not yet elucidated and further research is needed.
Natural Killer Cells and Their Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Friend or Foe?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the innate immune system and are responsible for the first line of defense against pathogens during the initial immune challenge before the adaptive immune system eventually eliminates the infectious burden. NK cells have the capacity to damage normal cells or through interaction with other cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells cause autoimmune diseases, such as RA. NK cells isolated from the joints of patients with RA suggest that they may play a role in this disease. However, the involvement of NK cells in RA pathology is not fully elucidated. Both protective and detrimental roles of NK cells in RA have recently been reported. A better understanding of NK cells' role in RA might help to develop new therapeutic strategies for treatment of the RA or other autoimmune diseases. We have decided in this paper to focus on the NK cell biology, and attempt to bring the interested readership of this Journal up to date on the NK cell, specifically its possible relation to RA.