Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study comparing depressed and nondepressed elders' coping strategies.

Thirty-two nondepressed elders were given a self-report coping behavior measure that asked them to identify strategies used in response to a recent major life event, and the experience of "feeling down" or "depressed. " The measure also asked the subjects to rate how helpful each coping technique was. The data was compared with those gathered from a depressed elderly sample of equal size, chosen by a post hoc matching method from a population of outpatients undergoing treatment for a separate study. The depressed group reported a greater use of avoidance coping behavior than did the nondepressed sample; they were also significantly more likely to use emotional discharge as a coping technique. The nondepressed population consistently rated all methods of coping as more helpful than did the depressed sample, regardless of frequency of use.
Differential Interpretation of Public Information: Estimation and Inference

We propose a new measure of differential interpretation in the context of a Bayesian learning model, which allows us to abstract from other sources of disagreement, such as differences in priors. We then develop a likelihood ratio statistic for testing the null hypothesis that agents interpret public information identically. Using financial analysts’ earnings forecasts, we find evidence that there is significant heterogeneity in the interpretation of public information among investors. In addition, we validate our new measure of differential interpretation and demonstrate its superiority over other proxies, such as Kandel and Pearson’s (1995) and Garfinkel’s (2009) metrics. Finally, we find that differential interpretation increases firm cost of capital, which has important implications to regulators, managers and academics. JEL Classifications: M41, C01
Infection of APC by Human Cytomegalovirus Controlled Through Recognition of Endogenous Nuclear Immediate Early Protein 1 by Specific CD4+ T Lymphocytes1

Infections by human CMV are controlled by cellular immune responses. Professional APC such as monocytes and macrophages can be infected in vivo and are considered as a reservoir of virus. However, CMV-specific CD4+ responses against infected APC have not been reported. To develop a model of CD4-infected APC interaction, we have transfected the U373MG astrocytoma cell line with the class II transactivator (CIITA). Confocal microscopy experiments showed that U373MG-CIITA cells expressed markers characteristic of APC. Functional assays demonstrated that infected U373MG-CIITA APC processed and presented both exogenous and endogenously neosynthesized nuclear immediate early (IE) protein 1 through the MHC class II pathway. More importantly, endogenous presentation of IE1 by infected APC lead to efficient control of CMV infection as revealed by decreased viral titer. Thus, these results describe the endogenous presentation of a nuclear viral protein by the MHC class II pathway and suggest that IE1-specific CD4+ T cells may play an important role in CMV infection by directly acting against infected APC.
RE-MuSiC: a tool for multiple sequence alignment with regular expression constraints

RE-MuSiC is a web-based multiple sequence alignment tool that can incorporate biological knowledge about structure, function, or conserved patterns regarding the sequences of interest. It accepts amino acid or nucleic acid sequences and a set of constraints as inputs. The constraints are pattern descriptions, instead of exact positions of fragments to be aligned together. The output is an alignment where for each pattern (constraint), an occurrence on each sequence can be found aligned together with those on the other sequences, in a manner that the overall alignment is optimized. Its predecessor, MuSiC, has been found useful by researchers since its release in 2004. However, it is noticed in applications that the pattern formulation adopted in MuSiC, namely, plain strings allowing mismatches, is not expressive and flexible enough. The constraint formulation adopted in RE-MuSiC is therefore enhanced to be regular expressions, which is convenient in expressing many biologically significant patterns like those collected in the PROSITE database, or structural consensuses that often involve variable ranges between conserved parts. Experiments demonstrate that RE-MuSiC can be used to help predict important residues and locate phylogenetically conserved structural elements. RE-MuSiC is available on-line at http://140.113. 239.131/RE-MUSIC.
Efficient proximity detection among mobile objects in road networks with self-adjustment methods

Given a set of moving clients as well as their friend relationships, a road network, and a distance threshold per friend pair, the proximity detection problem in road networks is to find each pair of friends such that the road network distance between them is within the given threshold. The problem of proximity detection is often encountered in friend-locator applications and massively multiplayer online games. Because of the limited battery power and bandwidth, it is better to develop a solution which incurs less communication cost. Hence, the main objective of this problem is to reduce the total communication cost. However, most of the existing proximity detection solutions focus on the Euclidean space but cannot be used in road network space; the solutions for road networks incur substantial communication costs. Motivated by this, we propose two types of solutions to solve the proximity detection problem in road networks. In the first type of solution, each mobile client is assigned with a mobile region of a fixed size. We design algorithms with a fixed radius for the client and server respectively, with the purpose of reducing unnecessary probing messages and update messages. Second, we present a self-tuning policy to adjust the radius of the mobile region automatically to minimize the communication cost. Experiments show that our second type of solution works efficiently and robust with a much lower communication cost with respect to various parameters. In addition, we present our server-side computational cost optimization techniques to reduce the total computational cost.
In vivo cytometry of antigen‐specific t cells using 19F MRI

Noninvasive methods to image the trafficking of phenotypically defined immune cells are paramount as we attempt to understand adaptive immunity. A 19F MRI‐based methodology for tracking and quantifying cells of a defined phenotype is presented. These methods were applied to a murine inflammation model using antigen‐specific T cells. The T cells that were intracellularly labeled ex vivo with a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) nanoemulsion and cells were transferred to a host receiving a localized inoculation of antigen. Longitudinal 19F MRI over 21 days revealed a dynamic accumulation and clearance of T cells in the lymph node (LN) draining the antigen. The apparent T‐cell numbers were calculated in the LN from the time‐lapse 19F MRI data. The effect of in vivo T‐cell division on the 19F MRI cell quantification accuracy was investigated using fluorescence assays. Overall, in vivo cytometry using PFPE labeling and 19F MRI is broadly applicable to studies of whole‐body cell biodistribution. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Traveltime sensitivity kernels : Banana-doughnuts or just plain bananas ?

Estimating an accurate velocity function is one of the most critical steps in building an accurate seismic depth image of the subsurface. In areas with significant structural complexity, one-dimensional updating schemes become unstable, and more robust algorithms are needed. Reflection tomography both in the premigrated (Bishop et al., 1985) and postmigrated domains (Stork, 1992; Kosloff et al., 1996) bring the powerful technologies of geophysical inversion theory to bear on the problem.
Simultaneous Achievement of Workload Reduction and Skill Enhancement in Backward Parking by Haptic Guidance

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have been developed and have subsequently decreased opportunities for driver skill development because of degraded situational awareness and less activity in the control loop. Beginning drivers must therefore engage in training. The idea has arisen that haptic shared control, which encourages a driver to operate the vehicle properly and with correct timing, should serve as a training system for daily driving. Such a system, however, might degrade performance, comfort, or safety because training aspects might increase the driver workload as a result of error correction feedback. The possibility of lowered usability is not acceptable for ADASs. This study was conducted to develop an assist system that achieves workload reduction and skill improvement. A haptic assistance system that applies guidance torque on the steering wheel was proposed and investigated for backward parking, which is a difficult driving situation. Driving simulator experiments were conducted. Results showed that both support and after-use effects were realized. This study provides knowledge for the development of driving systems using haptic assistant systems for which initial skill influences performance.
Vocal frequency change reflects different responses to anthropogenic noise in two suboscine tyrant flycatchers

Anthropogenic noise is prevalent across the globe and can exclude birds from otherwise suitable habitat and negatively influence fitness; however, the mechanisms responsible for species' responses to noise are not always clear. One effect of noise is a reduction in effective acoustic communication through acoustic masking, yet some urban songbirds may compensate for masking by noise through altering their songs. Whether this vocal flexibility accounts for species persistence in noisy areas is unknown. Here, we investigated the influence of noise on habitat use and vocal frequency in two suboscine flycatchers using a natural experiment that isolated effects of noise from confounding stimuli common to urban habitats. With increased noise exposure, grey flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) occupancy declined, but vocal frequency did not change. By contrast, ash-throated flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens) occupancy was uninfluenced by noise, but individuals in areas with greater noise amplitudes vocalized at a higher frequency, although the increase (≈200 kHz) may only marginally improve communication and may represent a secondary effect from increased vocal amplitude. Even so, the different flycatcher behavioural responses suggest that signal change may help some species persist in noisy areas and prompt important questions regarding which species will cope with an increasingly noisy world.
Performance of UWB position estimation based on time-of-arrival measurements

The paper reports on the development of a low-cost device for low data rate communications with tracking and positioning capabilities. We investigate the performance of two different position estimation methods based on the estimate of the time-of-arrival (TOA) of the UWB signal at a set of receivers/sensors. The performance evaluation is performed in terms of the root mean-squared (RMS) error of the position coordinates estimation and the failure rate. We first study the direct-calculation method which gives exact solutions of a set of simultaneous equations. We then study one of the classical nonlinear optimization techniques, the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) quasi-Newton algorithm. Both the direct-calculation method and the nonlinear optimization algorithms do not require any knowledge of the TOA estimation error variance or distribution. This advantage would be attractive for practical applications.
Sequential versus Parallel Cooperative Coevolutionary Algorithms for Optimization

There continues to be a growing interest in the use of coevolutionary algorithms (CoEAs) to solve difficult computational problems. In particular, cooperative CoEAs are often used for optimization by means of problem decomposition. In addition to the parameters of traditional evolutionary algorithms (EAs), CoEAs have a set of coevolution specific parameters whose values can greatly influence performance. In this paper we study the effects on optimization performance of a parameter called update timing, which controls whether the CoEA runs its subcomponents sequentially or in parallel. This has been studied in [T. Jansen and R. P. Wiegand. Sequential versus parallel cooperative coevolutionary (1+1) EAs. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE Press, 2003. ] for pseudo-boolean functions. By contrast, we perform the analysis for functions defined on continuous real-number domains. We show the performance effects to be dependent on a problem property called best-response curves and use dynamics analysis to explain this dependency.
Cost-analysis of teledentistry in residential aged care facilities

Introduction The purpose of this research was to conduct a cost-analysis, from a public healthcare perspective, comparing the cost and benefits of face-to-face patient examination assessments conducted by a dentist at a residential aged care facility (RACF) situated in rural areas of the Australian state of Victoria, with two teledentistry approaches utilizing virtual oral examination. Methods The costs associated with implementing and operating the teledentistry approach were identified and measured using 2014 prices in Australian dollars. Costs were measured as direct intervention costs and programme costs. A population of 100 RACF residents was used as a basis to estimate the cost of oral examination and treatment plan development for the traditional face-to-face model vs. two teledentistry models: an asynchronous review and treatment plan preparation; and real-time communication with a remotely located oral health professional. Results It was estimated that if 100 residents received an asynchronous oral health assessment and treatment plan, the net cost from a healthcare perspective would be AU$32.35 (AU$27.19–AU$38.49) per resident. The total cost of the conventional face-to-face examinations by a dentist would be AU$36.59 ($30.67–AU$42.98) per resident using realistic assumptions. Meanwhile, the total cost of real-time remote oral examination would be AU$41.28 (AU$34.30–AU$48.87) per resident. Discussion Teledental asynchronous patient assessments were the lowest cost service model. Access to oral health professionals is generally low in RACFs; however, the real-time consultation could potentially achieve better outcomes due to two-way communication between the nurse and a remote oral health professional via health promotion/disease prevention delivered in conjunction with the oral examination.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies to Fight HIV-1: On the Threshold of Success

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (anti-HIV-1) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are broadening the spectrum of pre- and post-exposure treatment against HIV-1. A better understanding of how these antibodies develop and interact with particular regions of the viral envelope protein is guiding a more rational structure-based immunogen design. The aim of this article is to review the most recent advances in the field, from the development of these particular antibodies during natural HIV-1 infection, to their role preventing infection, boosting endogenous immune responses and clearing both free viral particles and persistently infected cells.
Stereoscopic inpainting: Joint color and depth completion from stereo images

We present a novel algorithm for simultaneous color and depth inpainting. The algorithm takes stereo images and estimated disparity maps as input and fills in missing color and depth information introduced by occlusions or object removal. We first complete the disparities for the occlusion regions using a segmentation-based approach. The completed disparities can be used to facilitate the user in labeling objects to be removed. Since part of the removed regions in one image is visible in the other, we mutually complete the two images through 3D warping. Finally, we complete the remaining unknown regions using a depth-assisted texture synthesis technique, which simultaneously fills in both color and depth. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on several challenging data sets.
Optimality Theory and the Generative Complexity of Constraint Violability

It has been argued that rule-based phonological descriptions can uniformaly be expressed as mappings carried out by finite-state transducers, and therefore fall within the class of rational relations. If this property of generative capacity is an empirically correct characterization of phonological mappings, it should hold of any sufficiently restrictive theory of phonology, whether it utilizes constraints or rewrite rules. In this paper, we investigate the conditions under which the phonological descriptions that are possible within the view of constraint interaction embodied in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) remain within the class of rational relations. We show that this is true when GEN is itself a rational relation, and each of the constraints distinguishes among finitely many regular sets of candidates.
The Spectra of Infinite Hypertrees

A model of regular infinite hypertrees is developed to mimic for hypergraphs what infinite trees do for graphs. Two notions of spectra, or “first eigenvalue,” are then examined for the infinite tree, obtaining a precise value for the first notion and obtaining some estimates for the second. The results indicate agreement of the first eigenvalue of the infinite hypertree with the “second eigenvalue” of a random hypergraph of the same degree, to within logarithmic factors, at least for the first notion of first eigenvalue. — Author's Abstract
Clinical interventions for treatment non-adherence in psychosis: Meta-analysis

Background Studies investigating the efficacy of clinical interventions for reducing treatment non-adherence have generated contrasting findings, and treatment non-adherence remains common in clinical practice. Aims To systematically review whether there are effective clinical interventions that community psychiatric services can implement to reduce non-adherence. Method Systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were used to assess the efficacy of interventions to enhance adherence. Results We reviewed 24 studies, more than half of which were RCTs. In 14 studies the experimental intervention was an educational programme. Five studies evaluated pre-discharge educational sessions, three studies explored the benefit of psychotherapeutic interventions and two studies looked at the effect of telephone prompts. The overall estimate of the efficacy of these interventions produced an odds ratio of 2.59 (95% Cl 2.21–3.03) for dichotomous outcomes, and a standardised mean difference of 0.36 (95% Cl 0.06–0.66) for continuous outcomes. Conclusions Community psychiatric services can potentially use effective clinical interventions, backed by scientific evidence, for reducing patient non-adherence.
N-body simulations of DGP and degravitation theories

We perform N-body simulations of theories with infinite-volume extra dimensions, such as the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model and its higher-dimensional generalizations, where 4D gravity is mediated by massive gravitons. The longitudinal mode of these gravitons mediates an extra scalar force, which we model as a density-dependent modification to the Poisson equation. This enhances gravitational clustering, particularly on scales that have undergone mild nonlinear processing. While the standard nonlinear fitting algorithm of Smith et al. overestimates this power enhancement on nonlinear scales, we present a modified fitting formula that offers a remarkably good fit to our power spectra. Because of the uncertainty in galaxy bias, our results are consistent with precision power spectrum determinations from galaxy redshift surveys, even for graviton Compton wavelengths as small as 300 Mpc. Our model is sufficiently general that we expect it to capture the phenomenology of a wide class of related higher-dimensional gravity scenarios.
Nonequispaced grid sampling in photoacoustics with a nonuniform fast Fourier transform

Abstract. To obtain the initial pressure from the collected data on a planar sensor arrangement in photoacoustic tomography, there exists an exact analytic frequency-domain reconstruction formula. An efficient realization of this formula needs to cope with the evaluation of the data’s Fourier transform on a nonequispaced mesh. We use the nonuniform fast Fourier transform to handle this issue and show its feasibility in three-dimensional experiments with real and synthetic data. This is done in comparison to the standard approach that uses linear, polynomial, or nearest neighbor interpolation. Moreover, we investigate the effect and the utility of flexible sensor location to make optimal use of a limited number of sensor points. The computational realization is accomplished by the use of a multidimensional nonuniform fast Fourier algorithm, where nonuniform data sampling is performed both in frequency and spatial domain. Examples with synthetic and real data show that both approaches improve image quality.
Chromatin-targeting small molecules cause class-specific transcriptional changes in pancreatic endocrine cells

Under the instruction of cell-fate–determining, DNA-binding transcription factors, chromatin-modifying enzymes mediate and maintain cell states throughout development in multicellular organisms. Currently, small molecules modulating the activity of several classes of chromatin-modifying enzymes are available, including clinically approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors. We describe the genome-wide expression changes induced by 29 compounds targeting HDACs, DNMTs, histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs), and protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in pancreatic α- and β-cell lines. HDAC inhibitors regulate several hundred transcripts irrespective of the cell type, with distinct clusters of dissimilar activity for hydroxamic acids and orthoamino anilides. In contrast, compounds targeting histone methyltransferases modulate the expression of restricted gene sets in distinct cell types. For example, we find that G9a/GLP methyltransferase inhibitors selectively up-regulate the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in pancreatic but not liver cells. These data suggest that, despite their conservation across the entire genome and in different cell types, chromatin pathways can be targeted to modulate the expression of selected transcripts.
Neutrino Oscillation Results from MINOS and MiniBooNE

A fter a briefintroduction to neutrino oscillations and a review ofthe world knowledge ofneutrino oscillation param eters, we introduce two current neutrino oscillation experim ents, M IN O S and M iniBooN E.M IN O S m akes precise m easurem ents ofthe oscillation param eters j m 2 32 jand sin(2 23). M iniBooN E tests neutrino oscillationsin theparam eterregion reported by theLSN D experim ent,which would requirea new neutrino state. W e review recent experim entalresults from both experim ents and give an outlook on future m easurem ents.