Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Criterion validity of the general factor of psychopathology in a prospective study of girls.

BACKGROUND The best-fitting model of the structure of common psychopathology often includes a general factor on which all dimensions of psychopathology load. Such a general factor would be important if it reflects etiologies and mechanisms shared by all dimensions of psychopathology. Nonetheless, a viable alternative explanation is that the general factor is partly or wholly a result of common method variance or other systematic measurement biases. METHODS To test this alternative explanation, we extracted general, externalizing, and internalizing factor scores using mother-reported symptoms across 5-11 years of age in confirmatory factor analyses of data from a representative longitudinal study of 2,450 girls. Independent associations between the three psychopathology factor scores and teacher-reported criterion variables were estimated in multiple regression, controlling intelligence, and demographic covariates. RESULTS The model including the general factor fit significantly better than a correlated two-factor (internalizing/externalizing) model. The general factor was robustly and independently associated with all measures of teacher-reported school functioning concurrently during childhood and prospectively during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings weaken the hypothesis that the general factor of psychopathology in childhood is solely a measurement artifact and support further research on the substantive meaning of the general factor.
Technology adoption and performance impact in innovation domains

Purpose – Despite the growing prominence of innovation, limited studies examine the adoption of applications that support innovation processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adoption of innovation management applications (IMAs). Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on qualitative and quantitative evidence sourced from innovation development and commercialization functions including R&D, marketing, and administration at a university and technology transfer office.Findings – The paper contributes to literature by isolating determinants that affect the adoption of IMAs and their link to innovation process performance, confirming the importance of perceived usefulness and compatibility of IMAs to user's work styles.Originality/value – There is paucity of research concerning the adoption of IMAs which present unique challenges due to their idiosyncrasies. This study contributes by proposing an adoption model and validating it. It also links IMA adoption to innovation process performan.
Beyond the stars: exploiting free-text user reviews to improve the accuracy of movie recommendations

In this paper we show that the extraction of opinions from free-text reviews can improve the accuracy of movie recommendations. We present three approaches to extract movie aspects as opinion targets and use them as features for the collaborative filtering. Each of these approaches requires different amounts of manual interaction. We collected a data set of reviews with corresponding ordinal (star) ratings of several thousand movies to evaluate the different features for the collaborative filtering. We employ a state-of-the-art collaborative filtering engine for the recommendations during our evaluation and compare the performance with and without using the features representing user preferences mined from the free-text reviews provided by the users. The opinion mining based features perform significantly better than the baseline, which is based on star ratings and genre information only.
Metacognitive reading strategies of ESL learners with different field independent/field dependent cognitive styles / Wang Lu

Reading is an essential skill for ESL learners and many researchers in this area believe that it involves activities such as understanding ideas, identifying information, monitoring comprehension and evaluating the reading text. Metacognitive reading strategies which refers to thinking about the reading process, planning for reading, monitoring the reading task and evaluating how one has learned has been proven by researchers to be significant to ESL/EFL reading. This study aimed to identify the metacognitive reading strategies employed by a group of ESL undergraduate students when reading English texts. Apart from that, this study also examined the relationship between students‟ metacognitive reading strategies and their cognitive style of Field Dependent/Independent. A quantitative research design was conducted to collect data from 150 undergraduate first year students. CSFT (Cognitive Style Figure Test) was used to classify students into FI and FD group and SORS (Survey of Reading Strategies) was used to identify their metacognitive reading strategies. Interview with 6 students was also carried out to confirm and support the quantitative findings. The results indicated that the subjects were aware of their metacognitive strategies and use the strategies at a high-frequency level according to the established strategy usage criteria (Oxford and Burry-stock, 1995). In addition, statistically significant difference was found between FI and FD students regarding their use of Global Reading Strategies and Support Reading Strategies, hence, the use of students‟ metacognitive reading strategies was affected by their different FI/FD cognitive styles. Pedagogical implications of these findings were discussed in relation to metacognitive reading strategies instruction.
A Critical Role for FcγRIIB in the Induction of Rheumatoid Factors1

Rheumatoid factors (RF) are autoantibodies with specificity for the Fc portion of IgG, and IgG-containing immune complexes are likely to be the major source of RF autoantigens. Therefore, the activation of RF-producing B cells could be controlled specifically through recognition of IgG immune complexes by the low-affinity IgG FcR, FcγRIIB, a potent negative regulator of the BCR. To test this possibility, we determined the development of RF in C57BL/6 (B6) mice lacking FcγRIIB, in relation to the H2 haplotype, complement C3, and the Y-linked autoimmune acceleration (Yaa) mutation. FcγRIIB-null B6 mice displayed substantial anti-IgG2a RF activities in their sera, in addition to anti-DNA autoantibodies. Their RF and anti-DNA responses were linked to the H2b haplotype, but were suppressed almost completely by the H2d haplotype. Strikingly, the absence of C3 failed to modulate RF production, but strongly inhibited anti-DNA production. Furthermore, we observed that partial FcγRIIB deficiency (i.e., heterozygous level of FcγRIIB expression) was sufficient to induce the production of RF and anti-DNA autoantibodies in the presence of the Yaa mutation. In contrast to FcγRIIB, the deficiency in another BCR negative regulator, CD22, was unable to promote RF and anti-DNA autoimmune responses in B6 mice. Our results indicate that RF autoimmune responses are critically controlled by FcγRIIB, together with the H2b and Yaa gene, while C3 regulates positively and specifically anti-DNA, but not RF autoimmune responses.
From Natural Variation to Optimal Policy : A Cautionary Tale in How Not to Improve Student Outcomes ∗

We begin with peer effects estimates from randomly assigned peer groups at the United States Air Force Academy. We then take subsequent cohorts of entering freshmen and assign half of the students to peer groups (squadrons) in a way intended to maximize the academic performance of students with the lowest incoming ability. We find a negative and statistically significant treatment effect for the students we intended to help. We explore three possible explanations for this perverse finding including the hypothesis (which we can reject) that the original findings were spurious. We show that our “optimal” assignment mechanism created bifurcated squadrons that had a social dynamic entirely different from most squadrons seen in the observational data. Our results suggest that even in a well understood and self contained environment, using reduced-form estimates to make out-of-sample policy predictions can lead to unanticipated and potentially negative consequences.
Does Multiple Categorization Reduce Intergroup Bias?

Two experiments explored whether crossing social category memberships can reduce intergroup bias. Experiment 1 provided a precise comparison between discrimination against single outgroups, partial outgroups, and double outgroups. Intergroup bias and perceived intergroup similarity followed an additive pattern such that partial outgroups were discriminated against as much as single outgroups, whereas both were discriminated against to a lesser extent than double outgroups. In Experiment 2, a more realistic form of crossing was employed whereby five additional dimensions of categorization were considered by participants instead of the traditional two. In line with a decategorization perspective, intergroup bias was reduced in both multiple group conditions relative to the single categorization (baseline) condition. Participants perceived a weakened intergroup structure and displayed a greater tendency to see outgroup members as individuals in multiple group conditions; however, only perceived intergroup structure mediated the pattern of intergroup bias. The implications of these findings for conceptualizations of crossed categorization are discussed.
Cross-Language Text Classification Using Structural Correspondence Learning

We present a new approach to cross-language text classification that builds on structural correspondence learning, a recently proposed theory for domain adaptation. The approach uses unlabeled documents, along with a simple word translation oracle, in order to induce task-specific, cross-lingual word correspondences. We report on analyses that reveal quantitative insights about the use of unlabeled data and the complexity of inter-language correspondence modeling. We conduct experiments in the field of cross-language sentiment classification, employing English as source language, and German, French, and Japanese as target languages. The results are convincing; they demonstrate both the robustness and the competitiveness of the presented ideas.
Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs about Language Teaching and Learning: A Longitudinal Study

This paper contains the description of a research project that was carried out in the Bachelor of Arts in English Language Teaching program at a Mexican university. The study was longitudinal and it tracked fourteen students for four semesters of the eight semester program. The aim was to identify pre-service teachers’ beliefs about English language teaching and learning at different stages of instruction while they were taking the teaching practice courses in the program. The instruments employed were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results demonstrated that students made links between theory and practice creating some changes in previous beliefs. The study revealed an increase of awareness and a better understanding of the complex processes involved in teaching and learning. En este articulo se describe una investigacion que se llevo a cabo en el programa de Licenciatura en Ensenanza del Ingles de una universidad mexicana. El estudio fue longitudinal, el cual siguio la trayectoria de catorce estudiantes de la licenciatura durante cuatro de los ocho semestres del programa academico. El proposito fue identificar las creencias de estos maestros principiantes, quienes cursaban sus clases de practica docente del programa, acerca de la ensenanza y el aprendizaje del ingles en diferentes etapas de sus estudios. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron cuestionarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados demostraron que los estudiantes articularon la teoria con la practica, lo cual incidio en sus creencias anteriores. El estudio tambien revelo que comprendieron mejor los complejos procesos involucrados en la ensenanza y el aprendizaje.
Refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen for good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors: a randomized trial of the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer Centers (GETUG T93BP).

BACKGROUND High cure rates are expected in good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor (NSGCT) patients with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received either three cycles of BE500P or four cycles of E500P every 3 weeks. Disease was defined according to the Institut Gustave Roussy prognostic model. Patients were retrospectively assigned into the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification. A sample size of 250 patients was necessary for an expected favorable response rate (primary end point) of 90% and not more than a 10% difference between the two arms. RESULTS Among 257 assessable patients, 124 and 122 patients achieved a favorable response in the 3BE500P and 4E500P arms, respectively (P = 0.34). Median follow-up was 53 months. The 4-year event-free survival rates were 91% and 86%, respectively (P = 0.135). The 4-year overall survival rates were not significantly different [five deaths versus 12 deaths, respectively (P = 0.096)]. Similar nonsignificant trends were observed in good IGCCCG prognosis patients. CONCLUSIONS Both regimens produced similar results in terms of favorable response rates. As the trial was underpowered for survival analyses, conclusive data would require a larger randomized trial. Unless such a study is done, 3BE500P is the treatment of choice for metastatic NSGCT patients.
Diffusion-Weighted Image and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Image Mismatch: Unclear-Onset Versus Clear-Onset Stroke

Background and Purpose— Mismatch in lesion visibility between diffusion-weighted image and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image (DWI–FLAIR mismatch) has been proposed as a biomarker for the estimation of ischemic lesion age. The actual onset in some patients with unclear-onset stroke (UnCOS) may be close to the first-found abnormal time. We hypothesized that patients with UnCOS within a particular time window might have a similar DWI–FLAIR mismatch profile with patients with clear-onset stroke (COS). Methods— Patients who underwent MRI within 6 hours from first-found abnormal time were recruited retrospectively. Clinical characteristics and the proportion of DWI–FLAIR and perfusion-weighted image–DWI mismatch in each time window were compared between UnCOS and COS. Results— The final analysis included 259 patients (114 with UnCOS and 145 with COS). Patients with UnCOS were older and had more severe stroke at baseline. Risk factors, stroke subtypes, and perfusion-weighted image–DWI mismatch did not differ between the 2 groups. The proportion of patients with DWI–FLAIR mismatch in UnCOS did not differ from COS within 2 hours of first-found abnormal time (50.0% versus 51.5%; P=0.92), but it was significantly lower in UnCOS than in COS at 2 to 3 hours (16.1% versus 44.4%; P=0.02), 3 to 4 hours (13.8% versus 36.4%; P=0.04), and 4 to 5 hours (5.6% versus 29.6%; P=0.05). Conclusions— The proportion of DWI–FLAIR mismatch in UnCOS within the first 2 hours from first-found abnormal time was similar with COS, but it sharply decreased beyond 2 hours. These data suggest that patients with UnCOS within 2 hours of symptom detection may be good candidates for multimodal imaging-based thrombolysis.
Fostering early language acquisition and AAC use: exploring reciprocal influences between children and their environments

This paper proposes future directions for research examining the communicative environments of young children who are potential candidates for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and those who are already using AAC systems. The efficacy and dilemma in applying various candidacy criteria are examined, with recommendations for alternate procedures that can be used to predict the extent to which AAC systems will be used successfully. Next, needs and methods for examining present communicative environments are discussed. Arguments are presented in support of delineating environmental variables that foster and impede early language acquisition and AAC use. Finally, investigators are encouraged to develop replicable and generalizable procedures for optimizing children's early language and AAC experiences.
Making Connections: Complementary Influences on Communication Media Choices, Attitudes, and Use

Theorizing about communication media attitudes and behaviors has drawn upon multiple theories (e.g., media richness, social influence). But these theories have often been pitted against each other rather than considered as complementary in more comprehensive studies. Furthermore, previous research has tended to focus more on newer communication media such as electronic mail rather than more traditional media. Finally, communication media research has studied attitudes toward media, use of media, and only occasionally media choice. Yet, all three dependent variables are important.This comprehensive survey hypothesized and tested multiple influences (based on multiple theories) in a study of media attitudes and behaviors. The media included electronic mail, fax, letters, and face-to-face meetings. The outcomes included media choice (an individual's decision to use a medium in a particular communication incident), media use (an individual's general pattern of use over time), and media attitudes (an individual's general subjective evaluation of media). Results suggested that a number of factors differentiated among media choices, including medium symbolism, message equivocality, distance between message partners, perceived media richness, number of message recipients, and perceived message recipients' attitudes. General attitudes toward the different media were influenced most consistently by perceived medium richness. New media attitudes were also influenced by person/technology interaction factors. General medium use was influenced by different factors for the different media.The results generally supported a comprehensive theoretical approach to understanding media attitudes and behaviors. All of the theories have some merit in explaining media attitudes and behaviors. But different factors, derived from different theories, were more important in accounting for each of the dependent variables--media choices, attitudes, and use. We hope that this investigation will help research in this area move toward the development of more integrative theoretical models.
Amyloid β protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology

Amyloid β protein (AβP) is the major constituent of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its mechanistic role in AD pathogenesis is poorly understood. Globular and non‐fibrillar AβPs are continuously released during normal metabolism. Using techniques of atomic force microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, electrical recording, and biochemical assays, we have examined the molecular conformations of reconstituted globular AβPs as well as their real‐time and acute effects on neuritic degeneration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of AβP1–42 shows globular structures that do not form fibers in physiological‐buffered solution for up to 8 h of continuous imaging. AFM of AβP1–42 reconstituted in a planar lipid bilayer reveals multimeric channel‐like structures. Consistent with these AFM resolved channel‐like structures, biochemical analysis demonstrates that predominantly monomeric AβPs in solution form stable tetramers and hexamers after incorporation into lipid membranes. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrate the presence of multiple single channel currents of different sizes. At the cellular level, AβP1–42 allows calcium uptake and induces neuritic abnormality in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion. At physiological nanomolar concentrations, rapid neuritic degeneration was observed within minutes;at micromolar concentrations, neuronal death was observed within 3–4 h. These effects are prevented by zinc (an AβP channel blocker) and by the removal of extracellular calcium, but are not prevented by antagonists of putative AβP cell surface receptors. Thus, AβP channels may provide a direct pathway for calcium‐dependent AβP toxicity in AD. —Lin, H. , Bhatia, R. , Lal, R. Amyloid β‐protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. FASEB J. 15, 2433–2444 (2001)
Random matrix games in wireless networks

In this paper we propose an interactive decision-making framework for wireless networks where the outcome is influenced not only by the decisions of the users but also by a random variable. We examine specially the finite players case which we call random matrix games (RMGs). We present different approaches and solutions concepts in such games as well as distributed strategic learning in which each player adjusts her strategy in response to the recent information and signals. The applicability of the proposed framework is illustrated in user-centric network selection under measurement noise.
A Systematic Review of Childhood Maltreatment Assessments in Population-Representative Surveys Since 1990

Background Population-representative surveys that assess childhood maltreatment and health are a valuable resource to explore the implications of child maltreatment for population health. Systematic identification and evaluation of such surveys is needed to facilitate optimal use of their data and to inform future research. Objectives To inform researchers of the existence and nature of population-representative surveys relevant to understanding links between childhood maltreatment and health; to evaluate the assessment of childhood maltreatment in this body of work. Methods We included surveys that: 1) were representative of the non-institutionalized population of any size nation or of any geopolitical region ≥ 10 million people; 2) included a broad age range (≥ 40 years); 3) measured health; 4) assessed childhood maltreatment retrospectively; and 5) were conducted since 1990. We used Internet and database searching (including CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Social Policy and Practice: January 1990 to March 2014), expert consultation, and other means to identify surveys and associated documentation. Translations of non-English survey content were verified by fluent readers of survey languages. We developed checklists to abstract and evaluate childhood maltreatment content. Results Fifty-four surveys from 39 countries met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 1,287-51,945 and response rates from 15%-96%. Thirteen surveys assessed neglect, 15 emotional abuse; 18 exposure to family violence; 26 physical abuse; 48 sexual abuse. Fourteen surveys assessed more than three types; six of these were conducted since 2010. In nine surveys childhood maltreatment assessments were detailed (+10 items for at least one type of maltreatment). Seven surveys’ assessments had known reliability and/or validity. Conclusions and Implications Data from 54 surveys can be used to explore the population health relevance of child maltreatment. Assessment of childhood maltreatment is not comprehensive but there is evidence of recent improvement.
Logic Programs with Abstract Constraint Atoms

We propose and study extensions of logic programming with constraints represented as generalized atoms of the form C(X), where X is a finite set of atoms and C is an abstract constraint (formally, a collection of sets of atoms). Atoms C(X) are satisfied by an interpretation (set of atoms) M, if M ∩ X ∈ C. We focus here on monotone constraints, that is, those collections C that are closed under the superset. They include, in particular, weight (or pseudo-boolean) constraints studied both by the logic programming and SAT communities. We show that key concepts of the theory of normal logic programs such as the one-step provability operator, the semantics of supported and stable models, as well as several of their properties including complexity results, can be lifted to such case.