Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A catalogue of local E+A (post-starburst) galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5

E+A galaxies have been interpreted as post-starburst galaxies, based on the presence of strong Balmer absorption lines combined with the absence of major emission lines ([O ii] or Hα). As a population of galaxies in the midst of transformation, E+A galaxies have been subject to intense research activity. However, it has been difficult to investigate E+A galaxies statistically, as they are extremely rare ( 5 A and no detectable emission in [O ii] and Hα. The catalogue contains 564 E+A galaxies, and is thus one of the largest of its kind to date. In addition, we have included the Hα line in the selection in order to remove dusty star-forming galaxies, which could have contaminated previous [O ii]-based samples of E+A galaxies by up to 52 per cent. Thus, the catalogue is one of the most homogeneous, as well as one of the largest. The catalogue presented here can be used for follow-up observations and statistical analyses of this rare population of galaxies.
Financial market rates and flows

The function of financial markets the flow of funds system foundations for interest rates inflation and returns the term structure of interest rates price volatility coupon rate and maturity the default risk structure of interest rates derivative securities - options embedded options - call, mortgage repayment and sinking funds controlling currency risk the influence of taxes the social allocation of capital.
Capital Mobility and Fiscal Policy Under Flexible Exchange Rates: An Application of Romer's IS-MP Model

This paper applies Romer’s IS-MP model to reexamine the well-known Mundell proposition: fiscal policy is totally ineffective in changing domestic output under flexible exchange rates with perfect capital mobility. We show that the Mundell proposition is mainly based on the IS-LM framework. If the LM curve was replaced by the monetary policy function and the exchange rate affects this policy function, we further show that fiscal policy does stimulate domestic output. This indicates that the Mundell proposition is sensitive to the specification of monetary policy reaction function.
A Method for Dynamic Software Updating in Real-Time Systems

To cope with demands for new and extended functionality, software systems must be updated regularly. This usually requires providing some new codes, merging these codes into the archaic program, and restarting the updated application. This process results in disrupting programs that may be unacceptable, especially in real-time environments which have strict timing constraints. Even, an update which doesn’t require the system to stop but causes a deadline to be missed is not a good one in real-time systems. In this paper, we propose a new approach to dynamically update a real-time application without having to disrupt the program. Our method can be applied to update real-time applications in which the rate-monotonic scheduling algorithm is used, while preserving the original deadline guarantees.
Cross Subsidies, External Financing Constraints, and the Contribution of the Internal Capital Market to Firm Value

This paper examines the link between the value of a diversified firm and the value of its internal capital. We construct measures of the value of internal capital market transactions based on the dollar flow of subsidies and transfers across segments, the relative investment opportunities of segments, and the likelihood that a segment receiving a subsidy would face external financing constraints if it were a stand-alone firm. We find that specific components of a diversified firm's internal capital market are important determinants of its excess value. Subsidies to small financially constrained segments with good relative investment opportunities significantly increase excess value, while transfers of resources from segments with good relative investment opportunities significantly decrease excess value. Surprisingly, subsidies to small financially constrained segments with poor relative investment opportunities also significantly increase excess value, albeit to a lesser extent than the subsidies to constrained segments with good relative investment opportunities. We conclude that financing constraints drive the relationship between the internal capital market and firm value.
Is the Purchasing Managers’ Index Useful for Assessing the Economy’s Strength? A Directional Analysis

The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is one of the key variables to which economists pay considerable attention for assessing US economic activities, particularly, business conditions in the manufacturing sector. Although the PMI has been used to assess the US economy, there is hardly any attempt to evaluate the directional accuracy of the PMI to predict the direction of change in the index of industrial production (IP) and Gross Domestic Production (GDP). We present evidence that the PMI is a useful predictor of the direction of change in the IP, particularly in the recent decade.
Al-Co Alloys Prepared by Vacuum Arc Melting: Correlating Microstructure Evolution and Aqueous Corrosion Behavior with Co Content

Hypereutectic Al-Co alloys of various Co contents (7–20 weight % (wt.%) Co) were prepared by vacuum arc melting, aiming at investigating the influence of the cobalt content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior. Quite uniform and directional microstructures were attained. The obtained microstructures depended on the Co content, ranging from fully eutectic growth (7 wt.% and 10 wt.% Co) to coarse primary Al9Co2 predominance (20 wt.% Co). Co dissolution in Al far exceeded the negligible equilibrium solubility of Co in Al; however, it was hardly uniform. By increasing the cobalt content, the fraction and coarseness of Al9Co2, the content of Co dissolved in the Al matrix, and the hardness and porosity of the alloy increased. All alloys exhibited similar corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt. % NaCl with high resistance to localized corrosion. Al-7 wt. % Co showed slightly superior corrosion resistance than the other compositions in terms of relatively low corrosion rate, relatively low passivation current density and scarcity of stress corrosion cracking indications. All Al-Co compositions demonstrated substantially higher resistance to localized corrosion than commercially pure Al produced by casting, cold rolling and arc melting. A corrosion mechanism was formulated. Surface films were identified.
A real-time model based Support Vector Machine for emotion recognition through EEG

Recently, there has been a significant amount of work on the recognition of human emotions. The results of the work can be applied in real applications, for example in market survey or neuro-marketing. This interesting problem requires to recognize naturally human emotions which come from our mind but ignore the external expressions fully controlled by a subject. A popular approach uses key information from electroencephalography (EEG) signals to identify human emotions. In this paper, we proposed an emotion recognition model based on the Russell's circumplex model, Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier. Moreover, we also proposed a method to determine an emotion label of a series of EEG signals. Our model includes two main approaches in machine learning step. In a first approach, machine learning was utilized for all EEG signals from numerous subjects while another used machine learning for each particular subject. We extensively implemented our model in several test data. The experimental results showed that the first approach is impossible to apply in practical applications because EEG signal of each subject has individual characteristic. In addition, in the second, our model can recognize five basic states of human emotion in real-time with average accuracy 70.5%.
The Role of Myocardial Collagen Network in Hypertensive Heart Disease

It is time to recognize that the quality, not quantity, of myocardium in hypertensive heart disease is responsible for adverse cardiovascular events. Experimental and clinical available data indicate that myocardial fibrosis due to the exaggerated accumulation of collagen type I and type III fibers predisposes to an enhanced risk of diastolic and/or systolic ventricular dysfunction, symptomatic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and arrhythmias in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Thus, management of these patients must not only focus on detection and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Far more sensible are interventions aimed to detect and target hypertensive myocardial fibrosis. The available data on the use of biochemical and/or imaging methodologies to address excessive accumulation of collagen fibers in the myocardium of hypertensive patients are promising. On the other hand, preliminary data suggest that the goal of reducing myocardial fibrosis is achievable in patients with hypertensive heart disease treated with specific antihypertensive agents. Collectively, these findings set the stage for larger trials where-in noninvasive measures and reparative strategies of myocardial fibrosis to prevent heart failure could prove useful.
Prevalence of Daytime Urinary Incontinence and Related Risk Factors in Primary School Children in Turkey

Purpose Urinary incontinence is one of the major urinary symptoms in children and adolescents and can lead to major distress for the affected children and their parents. In accordance with the definitions of the Standardization Committee of the International Children's Continence Society, daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is uncontrollable leakage of urine during the day. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of DUI in Turkish primary school children. Materials and Methods The questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic variables and the voiding habits of the children, was completed by the parents of 2,353 children who were attending primary school in Denizli, a developing city of Turkey. The children's voiding habits were evaluated by use of the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptoms Score, which is a validated questionnaire. Children with a history of neurological or urological diseases were excluded. Results The participation rate was 91.9% (2,164 people). The overall prevalence of DUI was 8.0%. The incidence of DUI tended to decrease with increasing age and was not significantly different between genders (boys, 8.8%; girls, 7.3%; p=0.062). Age, maternal education level, family history of daytime wetting, settlement (urban/rural), history of constipation, urinary tract infection, and urgency were independent risk factors of DUI. Conclusions Our findings showed that DUI is a common health problem in primary school children. In an effort to increase awareness of children's voiding problems and the risk factors for urinary dysfunction in the population, educational programs and larger school-based screening should be carried out, especially in regions with low socioeconomic status.
Taxing Human Capital Efficiently When Qualified Labour is Mobile

The paper studies the effect that skilled labour mobility has on efficient education policy. The model is one of two periods in which a representative taxpayer decides on labour, education, and saving. The government can only use linear tax and subsidy instruments. It is shown that the mobility of skilled labour well constrains government’s choice of policy instruments. The mobility does not however affect second best education policy in allocational terms. In particular, education should be effectively subsidized if, and only if, the elasticity of the earnings function is increasing in education. This rule applies regardless of whether labour is mobile or immobile.
REPARATIONS, THE YOUNG PLAN, AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN GERMANY

The severity of the Great Depression in Germany has sometimes been blamed on the reparation burden in simplistic fashion. Alternative interpretations relied either on American exports or on malfunctions of the domestic economy, such as demand mismanagement or excessive wage increases during the preceding years. This paper argues for a more subtle link between Germany's macroeconomic performance and these policy responses to the reparation problem. I explain the foreign credit rush of Weimar Germany during the second half of the 1920s from the transfer protection clause of the Dawes Plan, whichgave commercial credits de-facto seniority over reparation claims on Germany. I argue that the transition to the Young Plan in 1929 implied a reversal of this seniority scheme, causing a severe credit crunch in Germany that lasted throughout the Great Depression. That the Young Plan would have just this effecthad been the prediction of Schacht, then president of Germany's central bankand leader of the German delegation to the Young Plan negotiations of 1929. Protesting against the Young Plan, Schacht resigned from the presidency of the Reichsbank, only to be re-appointed by the Nazis in 1933. I argue that whatever the criticism of Schacht's later conduct, his verdict of the Young Plan was right. A model of sovereign debt with limited contract enforcement is employed to identify a sequence of reparation regimes with varying degrees of relaxation of Germany's participation constraint in international credit markets. I conclude that given the high amount of German international borrowing during the mid-1920s, abandoning transfer protection in the Young Plan exposed Germany to credit contraction and deflationary budget policies even before the international beginning of the Great Depression. This may have forced her to deflate relative to her trade partners throughout the depression up until 1932. JEL classification: N 14, N 24, F 32, F 34, F 41
On hyperbolic complex LTI digital systems

An investigation of digital systems based on hyperbolic (complex) numbers is presented for the first time. We consider the algebra of hyperbolic numbers (i.e. complex numbers possessing the imaginary j2 = 1) as the simplest instance of a non-division algebra, which allows us to examine the impact of zero divisors in the case of DSP applications. As an example, the analysis of a general first order hyperbolic system is presented.
History-Dependent Risk Preferences: Evidence from Individual Choices and Implications for the Disposition Effect

Using trading data from a sports wagering market, we estimate individuals’ dynamic risk preferences within a prospect theory paradigm. This market’s experimental-like features facilitate preference estimation, and our long panel enables us to study whether preferences vary across individuals and depend on earlier outcomes. Our estimates extend support for experimental findings—mild utility curvature, moderate loss aversion, and probability overweighting of extreme outcomes—to a market setting and reveal that preferences are heterogeneous and history dependent. Applying our estimates to a portfolio choice problem, we show prospect theory can better explain the prevalence of the disposition effect than previously thought.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A Weakened Transcriptional Enhancer Yields Variegated Gene Expression

Identical genes in the same cellular environment are sometimes expressed differently. In some cases, including the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus, this type of differential gene expression has been related to the absence of a transcriptional enhancer. To gain additional information on the role of the IgH enhancer, we examined expression driven by enhancers that were merely weakened, rather than fully deleted, using both mutations and insulators to impair enhancer activity. For this purpose we used a LoxP/Cre system to place a reporter gene at the same genomic site of a stable cell line. Whereas expression of the reporter gene was uniformly high in the presence of the normal, uninsulated enhancer and undetectable in its absence, weakened enhancers yielded variegated expression of the reporter gene; i.e., the average level of expression of the same gene differed in different clones, and expression varied significantly among cells within individual clones. These results indicate that the weakened enhancer allows the reporter gene to exist in at least two states. Subtle aspects of the variegation suggest that the IgH enhancer decreases the average duration (half-life) of the silent state. This analysis has also tested the conventional wisdom that enhancer activity is independent of distance and orientation. Thus, our analysis of mutant (truncated) forms of the IgH enhancer revealed that the 250 bp core enhancer was active in its normal position, ∼1.4 kb 3′ of the promoter, but inactive ∼6 kb 3′, indicating that the activity of the core enhancer was distance-dependent. A longer segment – the core enhancer plus ∼1 kb of 3′ flanking material, including the 3′ matrix attachment region – was active, and the activity of this longer segment was orientation-dependent. Our data suggest that this 3′ flank includes binding sites for at least two activators.
CarTelDB: Continuous Query Processing in an Intermittently Connected World

The invention relates to an improved process for preparing high ortho novolac resins, said process including reacting phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a divalent electropositive metal oxide, hydroxide or organic salt wherein the improvement comprises conducting said reaction with said catalysts in combination with a divalent electropositive metal salt selected from the group consisting of sulfonates and fluoroborates or acids selected from the group consisting of sulfonic and fluoroboric or mixtures thereof.
The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian Corporations

We examine the separation of ownership and control for 2,980 corporations in nine East Asian countries. In all countries, voting rights frequently exceed cash-flow rights via pyramid structures and cross-holdings. The separation of ownership and control is most pronounced among family-controlled firms and small firms. More than two-thirds of firms are controlled by a single shareholder. Managers of closely held firms tend to be relatives of the controlling shareholder's family. Older firms are generally family-controlled, dispelling the notion that ownership becomes dispersed over time. Finally, significant corporate wealth in East Asia is concentrated among a few families.
Feature Selectivity and Interneuronal Cooperation in the Thalamocortical System

Action potentials are a universal currency for fast information transfer in the nervous system, yet few studies address how some spikes carry more information than others. We focused on the transformation of sensory representations in the lemniscal (high-fidelity) auditory thalamocortical network. While stimulating with a complex sound, we recorded simultaneously from functionally connected cell pairs in the ventral medial geniculate body and primary auditory cortex. Thalamic action potentials that immediately preceded or potentially caused a cortical spike were more selective than the average thalamic spike for spectrotemporal stimulus features. This net improvement of thalamic signaling indicates that for some thalamic cells, spikes are not propagated through cortex independently but interact with other inputs onto the same target cell. We then developed a method to identify the spectrotemporal nature of these interactions and found that they could be cooperative or antagonistic to the average receptive field of the thalamic cell. The degree of cooperativity with the thalamic cell determined the increase in feature selectivity for potentially causal thalamic spikes. We therefore show how some thalamic spikes carry more receptive field information than average and how other inputs cooperate to constrain the information communicated through a cortical cell.
Start-ups, Spin-offs, and Internal Projects

We examine the incentive problem confronting a firm and employee when the employee privately discovers a significant invention and faces a choice between keeping the invention private and leaving the firm to form a new company (start-up), or transferring knowledge and attempting to gain compensation from the firm (spin-off). We focus on inventions that require little start-up capital and for which property rights are either missing or very weak. In such settings, the employee will sometimes form a new company even though joint profits would have been greater had the invention been developed with the original firm. We also identify when the firm has an incentive to pay a substantial sum to the employee via a spin-off, thereby deterring a start-up. Finally, the basic analysis is applied to examine several issues including specific versus general innovations, trade secret laws, and legal "shop rights. " Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
Seabird and louse coevolution: complex histories revealed by 12S rRNA sequences and reconciliation analyses.

We investigated the coevolutionary history of seabirds (orders Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes) and their lice (order Phthiraptera). Independent trees were produced for the seabirds (tree derived from 12S ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme, and behavioral data) and their lice (trees derived from 12S rRNA data). Brook's parsimony analysis (BPA) supported a general history of cospeciation (consistency index = 0.84, retention index = 0.81). We inferred that the homoplasy in the BPA was caused by one intrahost speciation, one potential host-switching, and eight or nine sorting events. Using reconciliation analysis, we quantified the cost of fitting the louse tree onto the seabird tree. The reconciled trees postulated one host-switching, nine cospeciation, three or four intrahost speciation, and 11 to 14 sorting events. The number of cospeciation events was significantly more than would be expected from chance alone (P < 0.01). The sequence data were used to test for rate heterogeneity for both seabirds and lice. Neither data set displayed significant rate heterogeneity. An examination of the codivergent nodes revealed that seabirds and lice have cospeciated synchronously and that lice have evolved at approximately 5.5 times the rate of seabirds. The degree of sequence divergence supported some of the postulated intrahost speciation events (e.g., Halipeurus predated the evolution of their present hosts). The sequence data also supported some of the postulated host-switching events. These results demonstrate the value of sequence data and reconciliation analyses in unraveling complex histories between hosts and their parasites.