Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 1. Cyanoprokaryota, Rhodophyta and Cryptophyta

This study investigated major pigment patterns of 8 cyanoprokaryota, 2 rhodophytes and 2 cryptomonads isolated from freshwater ecosystems. Analysis was done by means of HPLC. The method, historically adapted to marine phytoplankton, was modified to accommodate limnic algae. Quantitative results obtained in this study can be used for phytoplankton quantification techniques based on pigment patterns. Compared to marine strains, the studied freshwater cyanoprokaryote strains reveal a more complex pigment pattern, including myxoxanthophyll, canthaxanthin and echinenone. Cryptophyta possess the two acetylenic class-specific marker compounds allo- and monadoxanthin, crocoxanthin was not detectable. Rhodophytes show a simple pigment pattern similar to marine species. Previous reports as to the existence of chlorophyll-d could not be confirmed (historical reports probably refer to an artefact of preparation). Besides methodological considerations, the phenomenon of complementary chromatic adaptation is discussed briefly.
Export Price Discrimination in Europe and Exchange Rates

The paper studies pricing-to-market behavior on a wide range of disaggregated European Union exports to OECD countries. The sample allows better identification of products for which such behavior is pervasive. The results suggest that the degree of markup adjustment in response to exchange rate changes is similar across destination markets. The evidence of pricing-to-market across source countries ranges from 40% (Netherlands) to 63% (Germany) of the products in the sample, except for the United Kingdom, where there is remarkably little evidence of it. However, formal comparisons across source countries by product do not usually reveal differences in behavior.
Postoperative morbidity and recurrence after local excision of rectal adenomas and rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery

Objective Tumours in the middle and upper part of the rectum are not easy accessible to local excision. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has been recommended for excision of sessile adenomas in the middle and upper part of the rectum, and for small cancers in patients not fit for major surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative morbidity and local recurrence after TEM.
Comparative Welfare States Data Set

The data contained in this data set were collected by a project entitled "Comparative Welfare States in the 21 Century" directed by David Brady, Evelyne Huber, and John D. Stephens. The project was supported in 2011-13 by grants from the National Science Foundation ("Collaborative Research: Comparative Welfare States: A Public Use Archival Dataset,” SES 1059959 and 1061007). Additional support was provided by the Morehead Alumni Distinguished Professorship and the Margaret and Paul A. Johnston Professorships (funding the Gerhard E. Lenski, Jr. Distinguished Professorship) in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Some further support was provided by Duke University and the WZB Berlin Social Science Center. An earlier version of this dataset was assembled by Evelyne Huber, Charles Ragin, and John Stephens in the 1990s. That project was supported in 1990-92 by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant # SES 9108716). Please direct correspondence to David Brady at david.brady@ucr.edu.
Intermediate Imports, the Terms of Trade, and the Dynamics of the Exchange Rate and Current Account

This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of an increase in the price of an imported intermediate production input. The framework of the analysis is a small open economy with abating exchange rate and endogenous terms if trade, in which saving depends on residents'(variable) rate of time preference. Contrary to popular conceptions, an intermediate price shock may lead to an appreciation of the exchange rate in both the short run and the long run, and is likely to occasion a current-account surplus. The terms of trade between foreign and domestic finished goods always improve in the long run.
The Impact of Stakeholder Management on Corporate International Diversification

This article explores the relationship between stakeholder management and international diversification. We differentiate between strengths and concerns in stakeholder management to demonstrate the differential effects of the two aspects of stakeholder management. Previous research on stakeholder theory often focuses on the importance of stakeholder relations, trying to build a business case of relational capital that results from strong stakeholder management. Such a relational approach, however, overlooks the process of managing stakeholders, a process that allows firms with strengths in stakeholder management to develop an important capability of managing tensions. In this study, we argue that this capability, an inherent part of stakeholder management, can be critical when firms face increased complexity during the process of international diversification. We therefore propose that strengths in stakeholder management are positively related to international diversification, while concerns in stakeholder management are negatively related to international diversification. Using panel data for 169 US multinational firms over a 10‐year period, we find support that strengths in stakeholder management facilitate international diversification. We discuss the contributions of our findings to stakeholder theory and international business research.
Interleukin 1 b Genetic Polymorphisms Interact with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Modulate Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome 1 – 3

Chronic inflammation has been identified as an important component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, environmental and genetic factors contributing to the variation of inflammatory responses could affect individuals’ susceptibility to MetS. We investigated the association between common IL1b genetic polymorphisms, inflammation, and the MetS, and the modulation of diet-related variables (i.e., erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition) in a white U.S. population. IL1b single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (21473G . C, 2511G . A, 231T . C, 3966C . T, 6054G . A), clinical and biochemical measurements were characterized in a total of 1120 subjects (540 males and 580 females) participating in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study. The 6054 G . A SNP was significantly associated with plasma C-reactive protein (P1⁄4 0.054), adiponectin (P 1⁄4 0.021), and the prevalence of MetS (P 1⁄4 0.004). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the 6054G . A SNP and erythrocyte membrane (n-3) PUFA (P 1⁄4 0.019). Among subjects with low (n-3) PUFA content (below the median), the 6054 G allele was associated with increased risk of the MetS (OR1⁄4 3.29, 95%CI1⁄4 1.49–7.26 for GG and OR1⁄4 1.95, 95%CI1⁄4 0.85–4.46 for GA, P , 0.001) compared with the AA genotype, but there were no significant genotype associations among subjects with high (n-3) PUFA content (above the median). Further analyses supported a significant haplotype global effect on the MetS (P1⁄4 0.017) among subjects with low (n-3) PUFA content. These results suggested that IL1b genetic variants were associated with measures of chronic inflammation and the MetS risk, and that genetic influences were more evident among subjects with low (n-3) PUFA intake. J. Nutr. 137: 1846–1851, 2007.
Governmental Regulation of Cigarette Health Information

Governmental Regulation of Cigarette Health Information Author(s): Lynne Schneider, Benjamin Klein and Kevin M. Murphy Source: Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 24, No. 3, Consumer Protection Regulation: A Conference Sponsored by the Center for the Study of the Economy and the State (Dec., 1981), pp. 575-612 Published by: The University of Chicago Press for The Booth School of Business of the University of Chicago and The University of Chicago Law School Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/725279 . Accessed: 05/03/2014 18:46
A No-Arbitrage Model of Liquidity in Financial Markets involving Brownian Sheets

We consider a dynamic market model where buyers and sellers submit limit orders. If at a given moment in time, the buyer is unable to complete his entire order due to the shortage of sell orders at the required limit price, the unmatched part of the order is recorded in the order book. Subsequently these buy unmatched orders may be matched with new incoming sell orders. The resulting demand curve constitutes the sole input to our model. The clearing price is then mechanically calculated using the market clearing condition. We use a Brownian sheet to model the demand curve, and provide some theoretical assumptions under which such a model is justified. Our main result is the proof that if there exists a unique equivalent martingale measure for the clearing price, then under some mild assumptions there is no arbitrage. We use the Ito- Wentzell formula to obtain that result, and also to characterize the dynamics of the demand curve and of the clearing price in the equivalent measure. We find that the volatility of the clearing price is (up to a stochastic factor) inversely proportional to the sum of buy and sell order flow density (evaluated at the clearing price), which confirms the intuition that volatility is inversely proportional to volume. We also demonstrate that our approach is implementable. We use real order book data and simulate option prices under a particularly simple parameterization of our model. The no-arbitrage conditions we obtain are applicable to a wide class of models, in the same way that the Heath-Jarrow-Morton conditions apply to a wide class of interest rate models.
Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Russia

Abstract This article examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth. Money supply and loans relative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are used as indicators of financial development. The empirical results, that money supply leads economic growth while economic growth leads loans, reflect the characteristics of the Russian economy. Oil price increases and the appreciation of the ruble increased money supply under insufficient sterilisation instruments, which, in turn, fostered economic growth. On the other hand, the Russian economic boom provided an incentive for banks to increase loans and their role in initiating economic growth is limited.
Axonal failure during high frequency stimulation of rat subthalamic nucleus

Non‐technical summary Deep brain stimulation (DBS) refers to a neurosurgical technique where chronically implanted electrodes serve to deliver electrical impulses to highly defined brain regions in neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), depression and obsessive–compulsive disorders. Despite its broad acceptance as a safe and effective treatment for advanced PD, DBS has remained enigmatic with respect to its underlying mechanism(s). In general terms, DBS is capable of reinstating regular electrical activity in the complex neuronal networks that exhibit aberrant firing properties in PD, but how this effect is achieved at the network and cellular level is still highly debated. Our study focuses on a crucial, but hitherto neglected, issue in this controversy, namely the propagation of impulses within and away from the site of electrical stimulation. We propose that DBS overburdens the capacity of axons to transmit signals, thereby filtering and abating the pathological activity in the brain motor loops of PD patients.
A Comparison of Latent Heat Fluxes over Global Oceans for Four Flux Products

Abstract The ocean surface latent heat flux (LHF) plays an essential role in global energy and water cycle variability. In this study, monthly LHF over global oceans during 1992–93 are compared among Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Fluxes, version 2 (GSSTF2), Hamburg Ocean–Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data (HOAPS), NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (NCEP), and da Silva et al. (da Silva). To find the causes for discrepancies of LHF, monthly 10-m wind speed (U10m), 10-m specific humidity (Q10m), and sea–air humidity difference (QS − Q10m) are also compared during the same period. The mean differences, standard deviations of differences, and temporal correlation of these monthly variables over global oceans during 1992–93 between GSSTF2 and each of the other three datasets are analyzed. The large-scale patterns of the 2-yr-mean fields for these variables are similar among these four datasets, but significant quantitative differences are found. The temporal correlation is higher in the norther.
Regulation of Personal Social Services – The Israeli Experience

The current article explores the aspects of regulatory policy in the field of personal social services. In Israel, the government sets standards, and finances and oversees personal social services, while the services themselves are provided primarily by non-governmental organizations. Based on a qualitative study we examined two questions. First, what characterizes the implementation of regulatory mechanisms in the field of personal social services in Israel? Second, how can we explain the outcomes of regulation in the personal social services in Israel? In a unique approach, we used the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework to explore the regulatory practices implemented in community residences and hostels for people with intellectual disabilities and in after school programmes. The findings revealed that although there were implementation gaps in both cases, the IAD might improve our understanding of the nature and magnitude of these gaps. Furthermore, the insights gained may have implications for policymakers in their development of regulatory policy.
The Role of Information Technology Business Alignment in Value Creation: A Multiple Case Study among German Banks

A key question in Information Systems research is how information technology creates business value. In this paper, our aim is to help reveal the role of alignment between IT and business resources in business value creation. In particular, we propose that the contribution of IT to business process performance should be investigated in the context of actual IT usage, with IT business alignment as a moderating variable. Also, IT flexibility should be explicitly considered. Using five case studies from the German financial services industry based on a causal model of IT business value creation reveals that the process of IT business value creation indeed strongly depends on the alignment between business and IT. But it also turns out that actual presence of business competencies is crucial and that even superior IT cannot compensate for business competency deficiencies.
Premorbid Intellect and Current RBANS Performance: Discrepancy Scores in Three Geriatric Samples

Assessing cognitive change during a single visit requires the comparison of estimated premorbid abilities and current neuropsychological functioning. As newer instruments are developed to measure current cognitive functioning, their relationships with premorbid estimates need to be evaluated. The current study examined the clinical utility of discrepancy scores between an estimate of premorbid intellect derived from demographic variables (i.e., Barona) and the Total score on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in three geriatric samples. A large community-dwelling “control” sample and two clinical samples were examined. As expected, there was little difference between estimated premorbid intellect and current RBANS Total Scale scores in the community-dwelling sample, while estimated premorbid intellect obtained from the two clinical samples significantly differed from obtained RBANS Total scores. Similar findings were observed on Discrepancy scores for the five Indexes of RBANS. The current findings, along with normative data on these discrepancy scores, can provide additional confidence for clinicians and researchers who need to determine cognitive decline when using these screening measures of neuropsychological status.
The outsourcing dilemma: a composite approach to the make or buy decision

The decision to outsource a part of an organisation’s activities is often the result of an initiative to realise potential production cost efficiencies. In order to avoid the use of such narrow decision criteria this paper considers the use of a wider array of inputs. Following a review of the literature, a composite outsourcing decision framework is presented. This framework consists of three main components. The first seeks to utilise the unique contextual factors associated with each decision; the second considers the strategic implications of deciding to outsource and the third investigates the traditional cost aspects. The framework is then applied to a case study concerning an engineering organisation which had to decide whether to outsource part of its production facilities. The outcomes suggest that the framework was a useful instrument in assisting management in making this decision, although further work in this area is required.
Salvation for the Spendthrift Incumbent: Reestimating the Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections

This paper reevaluates Jacobson's well-known finding (1978, 1980, 1984, 1985) that campaign spending by House incumbents has little influence on the vote. Analysis of the 1978 House election shows that three forms of model misspecification cause Jacobson to underestimate the effect of incumbent expenditures: failure to control for the quality of the challenger, inattentiveness to interaction effects, and inadequate treatment of reciprocal causation. When these biases are corrected, the marginal effect of incumbent spending is found to be substantial and, under certain circumstances, on par with the effect of challenger spending. In addition, challenger quality is shown to be an important determinant of the vote, particularly when the challenger spends heavily on his or her campaign. These findings imply that revisions to Jacobson's policy recommendations are necessary if House races are to be made more competitive.
L10p and P158DEL DJ‐1 mutations cause protein instability, aggregation, and dimerization impairments

A variety of mutations in the gene encoding DJ‐1 protein cause autosomal recessive early‐onset parkinsonism. Recently, a novel pathogenic homozygous DJ‐1 missense mutation resulting in the L10P amino acid substitution was reported. In a separate study, a novel homozygous mutation resulting in the deletion of DJ‐1 residue P158 was also reported to be causative of disease. The specific effects of the novel L10P and P158DEL mutations on protein function have not been studied. Here, L10P and P158DEL DJ‐1 proteins were assessed for protein stability, dimerization, solubility, subcellular localization, and protective function in comparison with WT and the L166P DJ‐1 pathogenic variant. It was discovered that, compared with WT protein, L10P, L166P, and P158DEL DJ‐1 variants exhibited dramatically reduced protein stabilities. Degradation of each of the pathogenic mutants appeared to be mediated in part by the proteasome. Interestingly, unlike L166P DJ‐1, the L10P and P158DEL DJ‐1 variants retained the ability to dimerize with WT DJ‐1 protein; however, neither of these mutants was able to form homodimers. Additionally, the L10P, L166P, and P158DEL DJ‐1 variants exhibited altered profiles on size‐exclusion chromatography and demonstrated reduced solubilities in comparison with WT protein, and the latter aberration could be exacerbated in the presence of MG‐132. Furthermore, cells stably expressing L10P DJ‐1 were more vulnerable to treatments with proteasome inhibitors, suggesting that L10P DJ‐1 may be toxic to cells under conditions of proteasome stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that diverse aberrant mechanisms, including alterations in protein stability and protein folding, are associated with the pathogenicity of the L10P and P158DEL DJ‐1 variants. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the welfare cost of inflation in Europe

This article follows Lucas (2000) and Serletis and Yavari (2005) and estimates the welfare cost of inflation in the Euro zone. It uses recent advances in the field of applied econometrics to estimate the interest elasticity of money demand and reports that the welfare cost of inflation is lower in big countries than it is in small countries.
The Impact of Insurance Prices on Decision-Making Biases: An Experimental Analysis

This article tests whether the use of endogenous risk categorization by insurers enables consumers to make better-informed decisions even if they do not choose to purchase insurance. We do so by adding a simple insurance market to an experimental test of optimal (Bayesian) updating. In some sessions, no insurance is offered. In others, actuarially fair insurance prices are posted, and a subset of subjects is allowed to purchase this insurance. We find significant differences in the decision rules used depending on whether one observes insurance prices. Although the majority of choices correspond to Bayesian updating, the incidence of optimal decisions is higher in sessions with an insurance option. Most subjects given the option to purchase actuarially fair insurance choose to do so. However, fewer subjects purchase insurance when the probability of a loss is higher.
Statistical Discrimination and the Early Career Evolution of the Black- White Wage Gap

This article develops and tests a simple dynamic model of statistical discrimination. The model improves on earlier static models both by allowing ex ante uncertainty about worker productivity to be resolved as on-the-job performance is observed and by generating several testable empirical implications. These predictions are tested using a sample of young men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, producing mixed evidence for the model. The main empirical result is that no black-white wage gap exists at labor force entry but that one develops as experience accumulates, mainly because blacks reap smaller gains from job mobility.