Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing NIH Funding Patterns over Time with Statistical Text Analysis

In the past few years various government funding organizations such as the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the U.S.\ National Science Foundation have provided access to large publicly-available online databases documenting the grants that they have funded over the past few decades. These databases provide an excellent opportunity for the application of statistical text analysis techniques to infer useful quantitative information about how funding patterns have changed over time. In this paper we analyze data from the National Cancer Institute (part of National Institutes of Health) and show how text classification techniques provide a useful starting point for analyzing how funding for cancer research has evolved over the past 20 years in the United States.
Two-Point Correlation Function of High-Redshift Objects: An Explicit Formulation on a Light-Cone Hypersurface

While all the cosmological observations are carried out on a light cone, the null hypersurface of an observer at z=0, the clustering statistics has been properly defined only on the constant-time hypersurface. We develop a theoretical formulation for a two-point correlation function on the light cone and derive a practical approximate expression relevant to the discussion of clustering of high-redshift objects at large separations. As a specific example, we present predictions of the two-point correlation function for the Durham/AAT, SDSS, and 2dF quasar catalogues. We also briefly discuss the effects of adopted luminosity function, cosmological parameters, and bias models on the correlation function on the light cone.
A modified Cucconi Test for Location and Scale Change Alternatives

La alternativa mas comun para implementar una prueba que detecta cambios en localizacion y escala conjuntamente es combinar una prueba de localizacion con una de escala. Para este problema, la prueba de Cucconi es considerada como una alternativa de otras pruebas que se basan en los cuadrados de los rangos y los contrarangos. Esta prueba es robusta en nivel y es mas poderosa que la prueba de Lepage la cual es la mas usada para el problema de localizacion-escala. En este articulo se propone una modificacion de la prueba de Cucconi. La idea es modificar la prueba mediante la combinacion de una prueba de localizacion y uno de escala. Mas precisamente, se sugiere combinar la prueba de Cucconi con la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon para localizacion y una prueba modificada de Levene siguiendo la teoria de la combinacion no parametrica. Una comparacion de la potencia de esta prueba modificada de Cucconi con la prueba original, la prueba de Lepage y la prueba PG2 de Podgor-Gastwirth muestran que la prueba de Cucconi modificada es robusta en tamano y mucho mas poderosa que las anteriores para todas las distribuciones consideradas desde la normal hasta algunas de colas largas. Se hace una aplicacion a datos reales.
Bullying and weapon carrying: a meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE Studies suggest that adolescents involved in bullying are more likely to carry weapons than their uninvolved peers. OBJECTIVE To use meta-analyses to determine whether victims, bullies, and bully-victims are more likely to carry weapons than uninvolved peers. DATA SOURCES PsycINFO, ERIC, MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and Dissertation Abstracts International were searched for relevant publications (1950 through January 2014). The reference list of a review article and reference lists of retrieved articles were checked for further relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they provided an effect size comparing the weapon carrying of adolescent victims, bullies, or bully-victims with that of uninvolved peers. Studies that included individuals older than 21 years were excluded, as were studies that focused on incarcerated youth or youth diagnosed as having a psychopathologic condition. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Studies were coded independently by 2 of us. The agreement rate was 93%. Effect sizes were coded that compared victims, bullies, or bully-victims with uninvolved peers. Meta-analyses were based on 22 studies for victims (n = 257 179), 15 studies for bullies (n = 236 145), and 8 studies for bully-victims (n = 199 563). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES This study focused on weapon carrying among adolescents. Hypotheses were formulated before the study. RESULTS Victims (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.39), bullies (3.25; 2.72-3.89), and bully-victims (4.95; 3.77-6.50) were more likely to carry weapons than uninvolved peers. Analyses provided no indication of publication bias. Studies conducted in the United States found stronger relations between being a bully-victim and weapon carrying (odds ratio, 7.84; 95% CI, 6.02-10.21) than studies from other countries (3.62; 2.30-5.68; Q1 = 8.401; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Involvement in bullying as a victim, bully, or bully-victim is related to weapon carrying.
The Causal efficacy of mental states

1. INTRODUCTION You are asked to call out the letters on a chart during an eye-examination: you see and then read out the letters 'U', 'R', and 'X'. Commonsense says that your perceptual experiences causally control your calling out the letters. Or suppose you are playing a game of chess intent on winning: you plan your strategy and move your chess pieces accordingly. Again, commonsense says that your intentions and plans causally control your moving the chess pieces. These causal judgements are as plain and evident as any can be.
Bioactive SrO-SiO 2 glass with well-ordered mesopores: characterization, physiochemistry and biological properties

For a biomaterial to be considered suitable for bone repair it should ideally be both bioactive and have a capacity for controllable drug delivery; as such, mesoporous SiO 2 glass has been proposed as a new class of bone regeneration material by virtue of its high drug-loading ability and generally good biocompatibility. It does, however, have less than optimum bioactivity and controllable drug delivery properties. In this study, we incorporated strontium (Sr) into mesoporous SiO 2 in an effort to develop a bioactive mesoporous SrO-SiO 2 (Sr-Si) glass with the capacity to deliver Sr 2+ ions, as well as a drug, at a controlled rate, thereby producing a material better suited for bone repair. The effect of Sr 2+ on the structure, physiochemistry, drug delivery and biological properties of mesoporous Sr-Si glass was investigated. The prepared mesoporous Sr-Si glass was found to have an excellent release profile of bioactive Sr 2+ ions and dexamethasone (DEX), and the incorporation of Sr 2+ improved structural properties, such as mesopore size, pore volume and specific surface area, as well as rate of dissolution, and protein adsorption. The mesoporous Sr-Si glass had no cytotoxic effects and its release of Sr 2+ and SiO 44-ions enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity–a marker of osteogenic cell differentiation–in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Mesoporous Sr-Si glasses can be prepared to porous scaffolds which show a more sustained drug release. This study suggests that incorporating Sr 2+ into mesoporous SiO 2 glass produces a material with a more optimal drug delivery profile coupled with improved bioactivity, making it an excellent material for bone repair applications. what effects has It was found that incorporating of Sr 2+ into mesoporous SiO 2 glass improved the mesoporous structures (pore size, volume and surface area) and rates of dissolution, as well as protein adsorption. The incorporation of Sr 2+ at differing amounts, into the mesoporous SiO 2 glass, resulted in a more controlled and sustainable drug release profile. These novel mesoporous Sr-Si glass particles had no cytotoxic effects and at a certain concentrations of Sr 2+ and SiO 44- from the mSr-Si glass particles actually enhanced ALP activity in BMSCs. This study indicates that incorporating Sr 2+ into mesoporous SiO 2 glass is a feasible method to improve this material’s drug delivery and bioactivity for potential drug carrier and bone tissue repair applications. 2+ a model drug Sr-Si glass No cytotoxicity was with these and the released 2+ and SiO 44- ions, at an optimum concentration, enhanced the ALP activity of BMSCs. Mesoporous Sr-Si glasses can be prepared to porous scaffolds which show a more sustained drug release. These results indicate that incorporating Sr 2+ into mesoporous SiO 2 glass may yield a bioactive material with improved drug release properties for potential drug carrier and bone repair application.
Large-scale live media streaming over peer-to-peer networks through global internet

We describe the design and implementation of unstructured peer-to-peer networks for large-scale live media streaming through global Internet in this paper. In so called GridMedia system, we adopt gossip-based protocol to organize end nodes into an application layer overlay. Each node in GridMedia independently selects its neighbors and utilizes a novel and efficient push-pull streaming mechanism to fetch data from neighbors with low latency and little redundancy. The traditional pull mode in the unstructured overlay has inherent robustness to high churn rate which is common in peer-to-peer environment while the push mode could efficiently diminish the accumulated latency observed at end users. A practical system based on this architecture has been developed, and we evaluate its performance on PlanetLab [10] in various rigorous conditions. All the results demonstrate that the proposed push-pull method in GridMedia achieves good performance even with high group change rate and very low upload bandwidth limitation. Furthermore, this system was provided for CCTV (the largest TV station in China) to live broadcast the Gala Evening of Spring Festival 2005 over global Internet at the bit rate of 300 Kbps. It is evidenced that more than 500,000 users were attracted all over the world with the peak concurrent online users of 15,239 during the night.
Products of harmonic forms and rational curves

In general, the product of harmonic forms is not harmonic. We study the top exterior power of harmonic two-forms on compact Kaehler manifolds. Often, it is not harmonic. This phenomenon is related to the geometry of the manifold and to the existence of rational curves in particular. K3 surfaces and hyperkaehler manifolds are discussed in detail.
An overview of cloud interoperability

Unlike the network TCP/IP's and OSI's layered structure of protocols, which allows the independence of protocols of different layers, as well as defining the upper layer protocols through the protocols of the lower layers, the cloud service layers are tightly dependent on each other. For example, an application of the SaaS layer can neither communicate nor exchange data with another application found on the same layer. The goal of this paper is to overview the cloud interoperability and to analyze it as a service model perspective. Several aspects and categories of cloud interoperability are analyzed in this paper.
Drivers of local food consumption: A comparative study

Purpose The aim of this paper is to empirically explore antecedents of local food purchase intention in two food producing countries with different cultural backgrounds. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was employed to collect data from consumers located in Chile (n=283) and Australia (n=300). A proposed model is tested with structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings Attitude towards consuming local food is a strong and direct driver of intentions to purchase local food in both countries. Attitude toward supporting local agri-businesses and consumer ethnocentrism are found to positively impact attitude towards consuming local food in both countries. Attitude towards local agri-businesses also has a direct effect on intentions to purchase local food in Australia, but not in Chile. Interestingly, subjective norms are not found to affect intentions to consume local food in either country. Research limitations/implications The paper examines factors affecting the attitude toward and behavioural intention regarding local food consumption and develops an extended model of local food consumption. An outcome of this new model is the inclusion of personal variables, which influence local food purchasing behaviour. Practical implications Producers and retailers need to develop campaigns explaining how consuming local food supports local businesses and farmers, which will reinforce personal values associated with local consumption. Originality/value This is the first study to demonstrate that positive attitudes toward local foods are important drivers of local food purchase behaviour, independent of the cultural characteristics or level of economic development within a country.
Decreasing rates of hospitalization for varicella among young adults.

Hospitalizations for varicella-zoster virus infection (n = 13,018) among active-duty Navy and Marine Corps personnel were studied retrospectively for the years 1981-1994. A large increase in hospitalization rates occurred during the 1980s, peaking in 1987 with 2025 total hospitalizations and a crude rate of 258/100,000 persons. Since that time, hospitalization rates have decreased markedly, with only 473 hospitalizations in 1994 (rate, 74/100,000 persons). In unconditional logistic regression risk factor modeling for varicella hospitalization, personnel at highest risk of hospitalization had foreign homes of record, were most junior in rank, had < or = 2 years of military service, were Filipino or black, were male, and served in the Navy. Adjusted risk of hospitalization fell > 2-fold from 1987-1988 to 1993-1994. These finding may assist military public health officials in developing strategies to prevent varicella morbidity.
The Effect of Transfer Income on Labor Force Participation and Enrollment in Federal Benefits Programs: Evidence from the Veterans Disability Compensation Program

We analyze the behavioral responses of near-elderly males to unconditional grants of substantial cash disability benefits from the Veterans Administration’s Disability Compensation (DC) program. The largely unstudied DC program provides income and health insurance to approximately three million veterans of military service who have service-connected disabilities. In contrast to other federal disability programs, receipt of DC benefits depends only on a veteran’s diagnoses and is not contingent upon labor force status; thus, analysis of the behavioral responses to the DC program may inform economic understanding of the incentive and non-incentive effects of receipt of transfer income. We analyze these behavioral effects on the labor force participation of veterans, as well as their spillovers to claims on other federal benefits programs. We study a unique policy change, the 2001 Agent Orange decision, which expanded eligibility for DC benefits to a broader set of covered conditions—in particular, type II diabetes—to Vietnam veterans who had served in-theater (with ‘Boots on the Ground’ or BOG). Notably, the Agent Orange policy excluded Vietnam era veterans who did not serve in-theatre (‘Not on Ground’ or NOG), thus allowing us to assess the causal affects of DC edibility by contrasting the outcomes of BOG and NOG veterans.
The Effects of Rituximab on Lipids, Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Rheumatoid Arthritis

The aim of the study was to examine lipid profiles, arterial stiffness (AS), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), in 55 women with RA without overt cardiovascular disease (СVD) treated with rituximab (RTX). The following parameters were recorded before and 24 weeks after RTX therapy (2 infusions of 500 or 1,000 mg RTX intravenously, fortnightly): plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, DAS 28-ESR, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), RF IgM, AS (SI - stiffness index, RI – reflection index) by digital volume pulse contour analysis (Micro Medical, UK), and common cIMT by high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. Based on the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria, patients were divided into two groups: 1) moderate/good response to RTX therapy after 24 weeks (41 patients, 75%), 2) no response to RTX therapy (14 patients, 25%). Effective RTX therapy resulted in 9% increase in TC, 23% increase in HDL-C and 14% decrease in atherogenic index, 57% decrease in SI and 24% decrease in RI. We observed a 9% decrease of cIMTmax at 24 weeks. The improvement of cardiovascular parameters was accompanied by statistically significant decreases of CRP, ESR, RF IgM and DAS 28 in group 1 (P < 0.05). There were not significant changes in lipid profile, AS parameters, and cIMT in group 2. Two infusions of RTX in case of moderate/good EULAR effect of therapy exerted favorable effects on lipid profile, AS and cIMT in women with RA without overt CVD.
Serotonin Shifts First-Spike Latencies of Inferior Colliculus Neurons

Many studies of neuromodulators have focused on changes in the magnitudes of neural responses, but fewer studies have examined neuromodulator effects on response latency. Across sensory systems, response latency is important for encoding not only the temporal structure but also the identity of stimuli. In the auditory system, latency is a fundamental response property that varies with many features of sound, including intensity, frequency, and duration. To determine the extent of neuromodulatory regulation of latency within the inferior colliculus (IC), a midbrain auditory nexus, the effects of iontophoretically applied serotonin on first-spike latencies were characterized in the IC of the Mexican free-tailed bat. Serotonin significantly altered the first-spike latencies in response to tones in 24% of IC neurons, usually increasing, but sometimes decreasing, latency. Serotonin-evoked changes in latency and spike count were not always correlated but sometimes occurred independently within individual neurons. Furthermore, in some neurons, the size of serotonin-evoked latency shifts depended on the frequency or intensity of the stimulus, as reported previously for serotonin-evoked changes in spike count. These results support the general conclusion that changes in latency are an important part of the neuromodulatory repertoire of serotonin within the auditory system and show that serotonin can change latency either in conjunction with broad changes in other aspects of neuronal excitability or in highly specific ways.
WLC28-2: A Simple IR-UWB Receiver Adapted to Multi-User Interferences

We propose in this paper a simple receiver adapted to multi user interferences (MUI) in impulse radio ultra wide band (IR-UWB). It is known that MUI distribution is not Gaussian in several cases. The classical correlation receiver which is adapted to Gaussian noise, is not adapted to the particular form of UWB MUI and is often far from the performance computed through the standard Gaussian approximation. We show that modeling MUI by a generalized Gaussian distribution helps in deriving a simple receiver which increases the performances and may also outperform the standard Gaussian approximation which was considered formerly to be too optimistic.
NEW MULTI-SAMPLE NONPARAMETRIC TESTS FOR PANEL COUNT DATA

This paper considers the problem of multi-sample nonparametric comparison of counting processes with panel count data, which arise naturally when recurrent events are considered. Such data frequently occur in medical follow-up studies and reliability experiments, for example. For the problem considered, we construct two new classes of nonparametric test statistics based on the accumulated weighted difierences between the rates of increase of the estimated mean functions of the counting processes over observation times, wherein the nonparametric maximum likelihood approach is used to estimate the mean function instead of the nonparametric maximum pseudolikelihood. The asymptotic distributions of the proposed statistics are derived and their flnite-sample properties are examined through Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed methods work quite well and are more powerful than the existing test procedures. Two real data sets are analyzed and presented as illustrative examples. 1. Introduction. Consider a study that concerns some recurrent event and suppose that each subject in the study gives rise to a counting process N(t), denoting the total number of occurrences of the event of interest up to time t. Also suppose that for each subject, observations include only the values of N(t) at discrete observation times or the numbers of occurrences of the event between the observation times. Such data are usually referred to as panel count data (Sun and Kalb∞eisch [13], Wellner and Zhang [17]). Our focus here will be on the situation when such a study involves k (‚ 2) groups. Let ⁄l(t) denote the mean function of N(t) corresponding to the lth group for l = 1;:::;k. The problem of interest is then to test the hypothesis H0 : ⁄1(t) = ¢¢¢ = ⁄k(t). A number of authors have discussed the analysis of recurrent event data when each subject in the study is observed continuously over an interval or when the exact times of occurrences of the recurrent event are known. For example, the book by Andersen, Borgan, Gill and Keiding [1] presents
Mean reversion on the JSE

One of the cornerstones of modern financial markets is the proposition that markets are efficient. This implies that prices of securities in the market should be equal to their intrinsic value and reflect a present value of a rational forecast of the expected future dividend payments. Furthermore, prices of shares should follow random walks. This study looks at one key challenge to the efficient market hypothesis, namely the mean reversion of returns of shares.
Kernel Methods for Dimensionality Reduction Applied to the «Omics» Data

Microarray technology has been advanced to the point at which the simultaneous monitoring of gene expression on a genome scale is now possible. Microarray experiments often aim to identify individual genes that are differentially expressed under distinct conditions, such as between two or more phenotypes, cell lines, under different treatment types or diseased and healthy subjects. Such experiments may be the first step towards inferring gene function and constructing gene networks in systems biology.
Intertemporal Dependence, Impatience, and Dynamics

This paper develops simple geometric methods for analyzing dynamic behavior in models with intertemporally dependent consumer tastes. Since the preferences studied do not assume time-additivity, they allow the marginal utility of consumption on a given date to vary with consumption on other dates. Intertemporal dependence is induced by the presence of a variable individual rate of time preference. The optimal consumption responses to transitory and anticipated changes in incomes and interest rates are easily derived and are similar in important ways to the responses implied by the standard model with constant time preference. Intuitive explanations of the first-order conditions describing optimal paths are provided.
A robust and accurate self-calibration approach from unordered wide-baseline images

This paper presents a robust and accurate self-calibration approach from unordered wide-baseline images. An optimization model based on affine transformation is introduced into propagation to acquire higher accuracy of quasi-dense correspondences. Our self-calibration algorithm is completed through two-layer iteration. In the inner layer, global objective function and local photometric consistency is used to iteratively optimize camera parameters and scene structure. In the outer layer, a resampling strategy is presented to iteratively select a group of quasi-dense correspondences to solve the camera parameters and scene structure. We demonstrate our algorithm with several high accurate calibration results.