Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond biomass: measuring the effects of community‐level nitrogen enrichment on floral traits, pollinator visitation and plant reproduction

1. Nitrogen (N) limits primary productivity in many systems and can have dramatic effects on plant–herbivore interactions, but its effects on mutualistic interactions at the community level are not well‐understood. The reproduction of many plants depends on both soil N and pollination, and N may affect floral traits, such as flower number or size, which are important for pollinator attraction to plant individuals and communities.
Relationship of the Figure Location Test to Choice of Graduate Major.

The Figure Location Test was developed by Donlon, Reilly and McKee, (1978)i_toprovide a machine-scorable test of_the cognitive stylecalled field d:! pendence-field independence. This test was administered as the experimental section.cif the October 197f_;, GRE Aptitude Test at about one third of the centers in the United States. Normative data for the FLT was thus obtained on over 12,000 students, for whom registration questionnaire data as well as the GRE Aptitude Test_scores were available. A questionnaire designed primarily to obtain a permanent mailing address was sent to the students in the late fall of 1976. A second questionnaire 4esigned to obtain information on the students'_ graduate school experience was sent in . the late summer of 1978. This_ questionnaire also asked for self-_ ratings on personality and attitude factors which might be related to choice of majors. Initial data analysis showed that the Figure Location Test was related to choice of majors. Those majoring in fields such as mathematics and chemistry had high mean scores, while those majoring in such subjects as education, sociology, and nursing had low mean scores. In addition,those_who_responded that_being people-,related was an important consideration in choosing their major fields had lower mean scores then those who said it was unimportant. __ The converse was true for those who said they emphasized intellectuality. More complex analysis, including analysis of covariance and partial correlation to remove the effects of the GRE-Verbal and Quantitative scores, showed that most of these effects overlapped those of the other variables. That Witkin and his associates (1977b), found some independent relationships between_ choice of major and a cognitive style test is perhaps due to the fact tharhe_was studying undergraduate rather than graduate students, or to the fact that he was studying students in a single rather selective college.
Effects of Red Light Night Break Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Tomato Plants

Compact and healthy young plants increase crop production and improve vegetable quality. Adverse climatic conditions and shading can cause young plants to become elongated and spindly. We investigated the effects of night break (NB) treatments on tomato plants using red light (RL) with an intensity of 20 μmol·m2·s−1. Tomato plants were subjected to NB treatments with different frequencies ranging from every 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, and plant growth, flowering, and yield were monitored. The results showed that with the increase of RL NB frequency, plant height decreased, stem diameter increased, and flower initiation delayed, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) in the leaf and stem declined. When the RL NB frequency was every 1 h, the heights of tomato plant decreased by 32.73% compared with the control, the diameter of tomato plants increased by 27.09% compared with the control, the number of leaves produced before flowering increased to 11, compared with 8 in the control, the contents of IAA and GA3 in the leaf decreased by 33.3 and 41.29% respectively compared with the control, the contents of IAA and GA3 in the stem decreased by 56.04 and 57.14% respectively compared with the control. After RL NB treatments, tomato plants were transplanted into a solar greenhouse to evaluate tomato yield. When tomato plants pre-treated with RL NB, per tomato fresh weight of the first spica increased with the increase of RL NB frequencies. These results indicate that more compact and healthier tomato plants could be gotten by RL NB treatments and improve tomato early yield.
Schwann Cells Proliferate at Rat Neuromuscular Junctions during Development and Regeneration

Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) cover neuromuscular junctions and are important in the repair and maintenance of these synapses. We have examined how these cells are generated at developing junctions and how their number is regulated during repair of nerve injury. At birth, approximately half of the junctions in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles have one TSC soma. Somata are absent from the remainder, although Schwann cell (SC) processes arising from somata along the preterminal axon cover almost all of these synapses. By 2 months of age, junctions have gained an additional two to three TSCs. Most of this gain occurs during the first 2 postnatal weeks and largely precedes the expansion of endplate size. Although the initial addition is caused by cell migration, mitotic labeling shows extensive division of TSCs at junctions. A slower addition of TSCs occurs in adult muscles, and TSC number in the adult is correlated with endplate size. During repair of nerve injury, TSC number is regulated by a combination of signals from motor neurons and denervated tissue. As shown previously (Connor et al., 1987), denervation of adult muscles did not, in itself, cause TSC mitosis. However, TSCs became mitotic during reinnervation. Partial denervation induced division of TSCs at innervated but not denervated endplates. A disproportionate number of these mitotic cells were found at endplates contacted by TSC processes extended from nearby denervated endplates, contacts known to promote nerve sprouting. These results show an association between TSC mitotic activity and alterations in synaptic structure during development, sprouting, and reinnervation.
We Did Not Realize about the Gender Issues. So, We Thought It Was a Good Idea

Abstract This article explores the link between nationalism, as expressed by the Burman state and ethnic and student opposition movements, and the emergence of a multiethnic women's movement engaged in resistance activities. In focusing on women's involvement in oppositional nation-making projects, this article aims to broaden our understanding of gender and conflict by highlighting women's agency in war. Drawing on interviews carried out with founding members of the women's movement, non-state armed groups and others active in civil society, the article investigates how a gendered political consciousness arose out of dissatisfaction with women's secondary position in armed opposition groups, leading to women forming a movement, not in opposition to conflict per se but in opposition to the rejection of their militarism, in the process redefining notions of political involvement and agency. By invoking solidarity based on a gendered positioning, rather than on an ethnic identity, the women's movement resisted the dominant nation-making projects, and created a nationalism inclusive of multiethnic differences. Burmese women's multiple wartime roles thus serve to upset supposed dichotomies between militancy and peace and victim and combatant, in the process redefining the relationship between gender, nationalism and militancy.
Identifying and meeting the social, emotional and behavioural needs of refugee children in a primary school

Refugee children are at risk of experiencing social, emotional or behavioural needs (SEBN) due to the stressful events they have experienced. These events may have occurred whilst in their country of origin, or when travelling to and seeking asylum in a new country.There are a high number of refugee children in the local authority where the current research takes place. Educational Psychologists (EPs) in the authority have become aware of some of the needs of these pupils through individual case work. However there is an acknowledgement that more detailed information about their needs is still required. There is also a role for EPs in working with school staff to support refugee and asylum seeker children. The current research was carried out by a Trainee Educational Psychologist (TEP) in a primary school with a high number of refugee children (10%). An action research design was employed, using the RADIO model to structure collaborative working with school staff. The focus of the action research was to identify the SEBN of refugee children in the school and to develop school practice. A whole staff questionnaire was completed for each class (15 classes in total) to explore the needs of all refugee children and identify the provision they had received. The ? Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire? (SDQ) (Goodman, 1997) was incorporated into this questionnaire to obtain scores for all 46 refugee children in the school. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. In order to further explore this data, three focus groups were run, one with members of staff and two with groups of children in Key Stage 2. The focus group data was analysed using thematic analysis. The SDQ data revealed that just less than 50% of the refugee children scored in the abnormal range for total difficulties. The themes emerging from the thematic analysis highlighted a range of ? pupils? emotions and behaviours? and ? reasons for different emotions and behaviours? Provision in school was discussed in relation to ? newly arrived pupils? , ? social, emotional and behavioural support in school? and ? links with parents? Somali refugee pupils were also highlighted as a group who had particular SEBN.An action planning group undertook further development work in response to the issues highlighted during the data collection phase. The group devised an action plan to focus on areas of the school? s provision to improve upon. The TEP supported the action planning group to focus on further developing the induction procedure in school. The implications of this research are discussed at the individual child level, the whole school level and for the role of the EP. The TEP also reflects on the role of the EP in identifying the SEB needs of refugee children and in supporting a school to carry out action research.
Peripheral refraction for distance and near vision in emmetropes and myopes

We investigated the relationship between myopia and peripheral refraction for distance and near vision by measuring peripheral refractive errors in 10 myopic and 10 emmetropic participants at viewing distances of 2.5 and 0.4 m. Measurements were made at the fovea, and at eccentricities of 10°, 20° and 30° in the temporal and nasal hemispheres of the horizontal visual field. Our results showed that peripheral astigmatism increased with increasing eccentricity, but there was no significant difference between refractive error groups except at 30° eccentricity in the temporal retina. Considering the Mean Spherical Equivalent errors, emmetropes became relatively myopic at peripheral eccentricities, but there was little change in myopes. The effect of viewing distance on astigmatism or Mean Spherical Equivalent error was not significant. Our results do not support the view that myopia is associated with changes in peripheral refraction during distance or near vision.
South African media in comparative perspective

Abstract This article analyses the media emerging from the fall of the apartheid state, with reference to other transitions that took place during the same time period. Theoretically, the article questions the ‘transitological’ paradigm for studying change that has been developed in the political sciences. It is demonstrated that the key claims of this paradigm cannot be sustained empirically. In the place of this failed account, a model of change is proposed, centring on the process of elite continuity and renewal. It is shown that this model allows the South African case to be compared to other political and economic transitions. South Africa, which lies at the ‘renewal’ end of the spectrum, represents one of the most completely ‘democratic’ of the transitions. It is noted, however, that this process elsewhere has not been irreversible, and that democratisation is a contingent factor in transition, not its defining characteristic. The reasons for the relative absence of direct political intervention in the South African media in the first 15 years after the establishment of democracy are considered, as are the reasons for recent attempts to restrict press freedom.
The Practicality of Multi-Tag RFID Systems

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an increasingly popular technology that uses radio signals for object identification. Successful object identification is the primary objective of RFID technology (after all, the last two letters of the acronym “RFID” stand for “identification”). Yet, a recent major study by Wal-Mart has shown that object detection probability can be as low as 66%. In this paper we address the fundamental issue of improving object detection by tagging objects with multiple tags. This confirms for the first time the practicality and efficacy of previous works on multi-tag RFID systems. Using different configurations of commercial RFID equipment, we show significant improvements in object detection probability as the number of tags per object increases. We compare various combinations of multi-tags, readers, and antennas, and demonstrate that adding multi-tags to a system can improve object detection probabilities more dramatically than adding more readers. We also address issues such as tag orientation and variability, effects of multi-tags on anti-collision algorithms and on object detection in presence of metals and liquids, as well as the economics of multi-tags.
Epidemiology of fecal strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae in 22 neonatal wards and influence of antibiotic policy

The gram-negative fecal floras from 953 infants were studied upon discharge of the infants from 22 neonatal wards. More than 600 distinct phenotypes of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. , and Enterobacter spp. were distinguished by high-resolution biotyping. The colonization patterns observed showed considerable local and temporal variation. The major (M) strains (phenotypes), which colonized more than 10% and up to 78% of the infants in a ward (median, 23%), were Klebsiella oxytoca (15 strains), E. coli (4 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 strain), and Enterobacter cloacae (1 strain). Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was more pronounced among M strains than among strains of enteric bacteria colonizing few or single infants only. Local antibiotic policy influenced the colonization patterns. Despite the fact that M strains of Klebsiella spp. were usually resistant to ampicillin as well as to cephalexin and cefuroxime, their local dissemination was associated with the use of ampicillin with or without gentamicin but not with the use of cefuroxime. It thus appeared that in the neonatal setting, ampicillin posed a greater risk of local spread of certain drug-resistant bacterial clones than a newer cephalosporin, such as cefuroxime.
The role of early lineage in GABAergic and glutamatergic cell fate determination in Xenopus laevis

Proper functioning of the adult nervous system is critically dependent on neurons adopting the correct neurotransmitter phenotype during early development. Whereas the importance of cell‐cell communication in fate determination is well documented for a number of neurotransmitter phenotypes, the contributions made by early lineage to this process remain less clear. This is particularly true for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic neurons, which are present as the most abundant inhibitory and excitatory neurons, respectively, in the central nervous system of all vertebrates. In the present study, we have investigated the role of early lineage in the determination of these two neurotransmitter phenotypes by constructing a fate map of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons for the 32‐cell stage Xenopus embryo with the goal of determining whether early lineage influences the acquisition of these two neurotransmitter phenotypes. To examine these phenotypes, we have cloned xGAT‐1, a molecular marker for the GABAergic phenotype in Xenopus, and described its expression pattern over the course of development. Although we have identified isolated examples of a blastomere imparting a statistically significant bias, when taken together, our results suggest that blastomere lineage does not impart a widespread bias for subsequent GABAergic or glutamatergic fate determination. In addition, the fate map presented here suggests a general dorsal‐anterior to ventral‐posterior patterning progression of the nervous system for the 32‐cell stage Xenopus embryo. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:645–657, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for severe infection in patients with hairy cell leukemia: a long‐term study of 73 patients

Although the survival of patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has been improved by the therapeutic introduction of interferon α and purine analogs, it is still worsened by complications such as severe infections. In this long‐term study, we identified factors influencing patient outcomes in 73 patients with HCL. Median age at diagnosis was 53 yr and the gender ratio (M/F) was 2.3. At the time of HCL diagnosis, 60 patients (82%) were symptomatic and 22 of these had an infection. After a median follow‐up of 13 yr, eight patients had died of secondary cancer (n = 2), HCL progression (n = 1) and age‐related complications (n = 5). The 10‐yr overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival and relapse rates were 91 ± 3%, 14 ± 5% and 87 ± 5%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, age >53 yr was the only factor adversely influencing OS and secondary cancer incidence, with adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 9.30 (95%CI, 1.15–76.6; P = 0.037) and 2.80 (95%CI, 1.05–7.71; P = 0.04), respectively. Eleven patients developed severe infections. Absolute lymphocyte count (<1 × 109/L) at diagnosis was the only factor influencing the occurrence of severe infections, with an adjusted HR of 4.01 (P = 0.007). Strikingly, we did not observe any significant correlation between neutrophil or monocyte counts and the incidence of infection. We confirmed long‐term survival in HCL but found a high incidence of infection – even late in the course of the disease. The absolute lymphocyte count at diagnosis is a risk factor for the occurrence of severe infections. In addition to careful monitoring of infections, prompt initiation of anti‐HCL treatment should be considered in patients with low lymphocyte counts.
The Ringloc liner compared with the Hexloc liner in total hip arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to compare the 10-year survival rate, pelvic osteolysis frequency and linear head penetration rate of the Hexloc and Ringloc liners used together with a partially threaded porous and hydroxyapatite coated cup and the Bi-Metric uncemented femoral stem. The 15-year results for the cup with the Hexloc liner are also reported. We included 332 consecutive hips (166 Hexloc and 166 Ringloc) on 281 patients in the study. Revisions of prosthesis components were recorded and pelvic osteolytic lesions were assessed using radiographs and computed tomography. The linear head penetration rate was measured using the Martell method. The 10-year survival rate of the liner with revision due to liner wear and/or osteolysis as endpoint was 88% for the Hexloc liner and 98% for the Ringloc liner. The 15-year survival rate of the Hexloc liner was 67%. Pelvic osteolysis was found in 27% of the Hexloc and 19% of the Ringloc hips. After 15 years, 53% of the Hexloc hips had developed an osteolytic lesion. The linear head penetration rate was 0.16 mm/year for the Hexloc liner and 0.12 mm/year for the Ringloc liner. This paper is the first to describe the rapidly deteriorating survival up to 15 years with the old generation gamma-in-air sterilized polyethylene used in Hexloc liners. The newer Ringloc liner with the ArCom™ polyethylene has superior clinical results but a linear wear rate and frequency of osteolytic lesions that is higher than expected.
Radiographic assessment of bone density around integrated titanium implants after ovariectomy in rats.

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the influence of ovariectomy 8 weeks after implant placement on bone integrated to titanium implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-eight female rats were submitted to a titanium implant at the tibiae proximal methaphysis. After a healing period of 8 weeks the animals were randomly divided into three groups: control (CTL-10 animals), sham-operated (SHAM-14 animals) and ovariectomy (OVX-14 animals). The CTL group was then sacrificed in order to confirm integration of the implant. The SHAM group was submitted to fictitious surgery and the OVX group was submitted to bilateral ovariectomy. After 12 weeks post-implant placement, the SHAM and OVX groups were sacrificed. In order to confirm the systemic osteopenia in rats, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. For the evaluation of bone density, digital radiographs were taken. The grey level of the bone adjacent to implant was measured using image software and the bone density was calculated at six points on both sides of the implant. RESULTS Densitometry measurements of the femur confirmed systemic bone mass loss in the OVX group. Individualized bone analyses of different regions surrounding the implant showed a significantly lower radiographic bone density (P < 0.05) in the cancellous region of the OVX group (77.48 +/- 23.39 grey levels) when compared with the CTL and SHAM groups (91.61 +/- 32.10 and 102.57 +/- 32.50 grey levels, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed a decrease of the radiographic bone density in the cancellous region of bone around titanium implants placed 8 weeks before ovariectomy in rats.
Organizational learning, knowledge management practices and firm’s performance: An empirical study of a heavy engineering firm in India

Purpose – The study aims at investigating the impact of organizational learning (OL) on the firm’s performance and knowledge management (KM) practices in a heavy engineering organization in India. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from 205 middle and senior executives working in the project engineering management division of a heavy engineering public sector organization. The organization manufactures power generation equipment. Questionnaires were administered to collect the data from the respondents. Findings – Results were analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis techniques. The findings showed that all the factors of OL, i.e. collaboration and team working, performance management, autonomy and freedom, reward and recognition and achievement orientation were found to be the positive predictors of different dimensions of firm’s performance and KM practices. Research limitations/implications – The implications are discussed to improve the OL cult.