Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying cardiovascular disease risk and outcome: use of the plasma triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration ratio versus metabolic syndrome criteria

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to predict both risk and CVD events. We have identified sex‐specific values for the triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) ratio associated with an unfavourable cardio‐metabolic risk profile, but it is not known whether it also predicts CVD outcome.
Individual and team‐based idea generation within innovation management: organisational and research agendas

The aim of this paper is to critique and review the role of individuals and teams in idea generation as part of the overall organisational creativity and innovation process. Key objectives are to determine organisational development needs and research agendas in this area. Organisations continue to emphasise the need for increased creativity and innovation within their employees and markets. However, the literature and organisational practice relating to these areas remains somewhat lacking in regard to the front end of creativity and innovation, namely idea generation. First, this paper briefly reviews the creativity literature from individual and team perspectives, identifying the need for more research into idea generation as part of creativity. Second, this paper reviews the idea generation literature and identifies agendas for further research.
A Significant Drug–Drug Interaction Detected Through Corneal Examination: Resolution of Cornea Verticillata While Using Amiodarone

Purpose: To describe a patient with resolution of cornea verticillata while still using amiodarone as a result of a drug interaction lowering serum levels of amiodarone. Methods: An 83-year-old retired physician with long-standing cornea verticillata was noted to have complete resolution of cornea verticillata on a routine follow-up eye examination. The patient reported complete compliance with using amiodarone daily, with no recent changes in dosage or formulation. Despite this, he reported a recent increase in the frequency of palpitations. He had recently started rifampin for treatment of tuberculosis. Results: Serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone levels were obtained and found to be below therapeutic range. After rifampin was discontinued, serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone levels increased to a therapeutic range and cornea verticillata returned after 4 months. Conclusions: In patients currently using amiodarone, clearing of cornea verticillata should alert the ophthalmologists to the possibility of decreased serum amiodarone levels.
The positivity imperative: a critical look at the ‘new’ youth development movement

The field of youth development, long given over to discussions of youth as a time of storm and stress, raging hormones and problem behavior, has increasingly turned to look at the ‘sunny side’ of youth – at their agency, insights, capabilities and contributions. Youth, we are now regularly told, are not problems but resources and assets. In this paper, we look critically at the new, positive youth development movement and argue that, although having many continuities with ‘old’ models of youth development, it should nevertheless be seen as a shift in dominant conceptualizations of youth that has been driven in large part by neoliberal ideology and human capital theory. In order to analyze and understand intellectual, cultural and social phenomena such as the recent positive youth development movement, we need to recognize that youth as a social category has long been double-sided. It is not just negative stereotypes of youth that need to be critically interrogated, but positive stereotypes as well.
XXY: The Hidden Disability and a Prototype for an Infantile Presentation of Developmental Dyspraxia (IDD)

The child with sex chromosome variations is an ideal population for investigating the relationship between brain, behavior, and genetics. The child with XXY is the most common chromosomal disorder with an incidence of 1:600 births. Yet, this disorder rarely is entertained as a diagnostic possibility when speech or motor dysfunction is observed in young children. Until recently, ascertainment bias, small study samples, and methodological flaws have beset the few research studies on children with these disorders. In spite of these shortcomings, there is a characteristic neurodevelopmental profile that is evolving. There is an increased incidence of language-learning disabilities with dyslexia by school age. As infants and toddlers, these infants have neuromotor and speech dysfunction within the first year of life. This article postulates that the language and motor dysfunction is caused by infantile presentation of developmental dyspraxia rather than a neuromaturational lag. The motor planning deficits continue through adulthood. Although the deficits in the young children with XXY are milder in comparison to Fragile X, the effect on their lives and their families can be quite significant. The importance of early identification and intervention cannot be overstated since brain plasticity is tantamount in the first five years of life.
The fibular collateral ligament of the knee

The fibular collateral ligament (FCL) is one of the larger ligaments of the knee. The FCL, along with the popliteus tendon, arcuate popliteal ligament, and joint capsule, make up the posterolateral corner of the knee. Recently, there has there been an increased awareness and research on the structures of the posterolateral corner of the knee, particularly the FCL. Studying the detailed structure of the FCL may provide a better understanding that can lead to better diagnosis and treatments following injury. Therefore, this article reviews the FCL, which appears to be the primary restraint to varus rotation but is poorly oriented to resist external rotation of the knee. Clin. Anat. 27:789–797, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Parent and Child Reports of Emotional Trauma Symptoms in Pediatric Outpatient Settings

Objective. Exposure to emotionally traumatic events is common among children who are treated in pediatric medical care settings, and it is important to recognize the emotional reactions that children might develop as a response to the trauma. Practitioners sometimes rely on parental reports of the child's emotional reactions, but these reports may be biased by the parent's own posttraumatic symptoms. Understanding the differences between parent and child reports of the child's emotional symptoms is essential to guide proper diagnosis and care. This study evaluated discrepancies in parental versus child reports of the child's emotional trauma symptoms in pediatric medical care settings. Methods. We enrolled children and adolescents (age: 8–19) who had not previously received a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder and were treated in pediatric specialty care clinics at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. We used the UCLA posttraumatic stress reaction index, child, adolescent, and parent versions, to evaluate child and parent reports of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the child. The Impact of Event Scale was used to evaluate the parents' own posttraumatic symptoms. We conducted a “best estimate” psychiatric diagnostic procedure to determine whether the child met diagnostic criteria for PTSD and evaluated the association between the diagnostic status (as determined by the “best estimate” procedure) and the results of the questionnaires. Results. A total of 115 patients and parents consented to the study, and 76 completed the evaluation. Sixty-four percent of the parents identified the child's traumatic experience as their own most traumatic experience, too. The child's self-report of PTSD symptoms was significantly correlated with the diagnosis of PTSD in the child. In contrast, parents' reports of their child's PTSD symptoms were not significantly associated with the child's diagnosis. Parents' own posttraumatic symptoms were associated with parental reports of the child's overall PTSD symptoms (correlation coefficient: 0.283). Conclusions. When a child is emotionally traumatized, the parent's own posttraumatic stress may influence his or her report and interpretation of the child's symptoms. Clinicians who evaluate children and adolescents for PTSD in medical care settings should directly seek the child's report and should not rely exclusively on parental reports. Parental reports of a child's PTSD symptoms can offer insights into the parent's own level of posttraumatic stress.
Comparison Study of the BLITS and BLIRB Radiative Transport Models

Abstract : This report is one in a series of volumes that document the Weather and Atmospheric Visualization Effects for Simulation (WAVES) suite of models. Each volume describes an aspect of the series of models. This particular report documents a comparison of the surface-based radiative transport (RT) code Boundary Layer Illumination and Transmission for Simulation (BLITS) with the volumetric RT code for Boundary Layer Illumination and Radiation Balance (BLIRB). This comparison is made using a simple three-dimensional (3-D) scenario that consists of a homogeneous cubical cloud filled with an aerosol described by the Deirmendjian type C.1 cloud phase function. Comparisons of the two RT models are made relative to results from two separate but consistent Monte Carlo models. For this simple scenario, BLIRB was determined to perform better than BLITS for the complete range of optical depths used. The BLITS model failed to accurately describe the radiant intensity of the scattering in the atmosphere at low optical depths.
Decreasing efficacy of antimalarial combination therapy in Uganda is explained by decreasing host immunity rather than increasing drug resistance.

BACKGROUND Improved control efforts are reducing the burden of malaria in Africa but may result in decreased antimalarial immunity. METHODS A cohort of 129 children aged 1-10 years in Kampala, Uganda, were treated with amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for 396 episodes of uncomplicated malaria over a 29-month period as part of a longitudinal clinical trial. RESULTS The risk of treatment failure increased over the course of the study from 5% to 21% (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4 per year [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3-4.3]). Parasite genetic polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of failure, but their prevalence did not change over time. Three markers of antimalarial immunity were associated with a decreased risk of treatment failure: increased age (HR, 0.5 per 5-year increase [95% CI, 0.2-1.2]), living in an area of higher malaria incidence (HR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.11-0.64]), and recent asymptomatic parasitemia (HR, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.01-0.36]). In multivariate analysis, adjustment for recent asymptomatic parasitemia, but not parasite polymorphisms, removed the association between calendar time and the risk of treatment failure (HR, 1.5 per year [95% CI, 0.7-3.4]), suggesting that worsening treatment efficacy was best explained by decreasing host immunity. CONCLUSION Declining immunity in our study population appeared to be the primary factor underlying decreased efficacy of amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. With improved malaria-control efforts, decreasing immunity may unmask resistance to partially efficacious drugs.
Does time perception underlie delay discounting

Delay discounting, the belief that rewards decline in value over time, is a phenomenon observed in several clinical disorders, including Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), substance abuse disorders, and other impulse control disorders. Delay discounting behavior is characterized by a tendency to choose smaller, more immediate rewards over larger, more delayed rewards. This tendency has been associated with behavioral impulsivity and inability to delay gratification observed in the aforementioned clinical disorders. It has been suggested that time perception may be a salient feature of delay discounting. If the larger, longer-term reward is perceived as being more temporally remote, its relative value decreases and is associated with greater cost, and one becomes more likely to choose the more immediate reward over the longer-term (though optimal) choice. Time perception has been studied in clinical populations, with increased variability of responses as well as both under-production and overestimation of time intervals observed in those with ADHD and other disorders
Crystal structure of 4-aminobenzoic acid–4-methylpyridine (1/1)

In the title 1:1 adduct, C6H7N·C7H7NO2, the carboxylic acid group is twisted at an angle of 4.32 (18)° with respect to the attached benzene ring. In the crystal, the carboxylic acid group is linked to the pyridine ring by an O—H⋯N hydrogen bond, forming a dimer. The dimers are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating (010) sheets.
Wholesalers and Retailers in US Trade

International trade models typically assume that producers in one country trade directly with final consumers in another. In reality, of course, trade can involve long chains of potentially independent actors who move goods through wholesale and retail distribution networks. These networks likely affect the magnitude and nature of trade frictions and hence both the pattern of trade and its welfare gains. To promote further understanding of the means by which goods move across borders, this paper examines the extent to which US exports and imports flow through wholesalers and retailers versus producing and consuming firms.
The wisdom of the pack

This short article is a reply to Fine's criticisms of Haidt's social intuitionist model of moral judgement. After situating Haidt in the landscape of meta-ethical views, I examine Fine's argument, against Haidt, that the processes which give rise to moral judgements are amenable to rational control: first-order moral judgements, which are automatic, can nevertheless deliberately be brought to reflect higher-order judgements. However, Haidt's claims about the arationality of moral judgements seem to apply equally well to these higher-order judgements; showing that we can exercise higher-order control over first-order judgements therefore does not show that our judgements are rational. I conclude by sketching an alternative strategy for vindicating the rationality of moral judgements: by viewing moral argument as a community-wide and distributed enterprise, in which knowledge is produced by debate and transferred to individuals via testimony.
Size-resolved aerosol water uptake and cloud condensation nuclei measurements as measured above a Southeast Asian rainforest during OP3

Abstract. The influence of the properties of fine particles on the formation of clouds and precipitation in the tropical atmosphere is of primary importance to their impacts on radiative forcing and the hydrological cycle. Measurements of aerosol number size distribution, hygroscopicity in both sub- and supersaturated regimes and composition were taken between March and July 2008 in the tropical rainforest in Borneo, Malaysia, marking the first study of this type in an Asian tropical rainforest. Hygroscopic growth factors (GF) at 90 % relative humidity (RH) for the dry diameter range D 0 = 32–258 nm, supersaturated water uptake behaviour for the dry diameter range D 0 = 45–300 nm and aerosol chemical composition were simultaneously measured using a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (HTDMA), a Droplet Measurement Technologies Cloud Condensation Nuclei counter (CCNc) and an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) respectively. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was derived from both CCNc and HTDMA measurements, with the resulting values of κ ranging from 0.05–0.37, and 0.17–0.37, respectively. Although the total range of κ values is in good agreement, there are inconsistencies between CCNc and HTDMA derived κ values at different dry diameters. Results from a study with similar methodology performed in the Amazon rainforest report values for κ within a similar range to those reported in this work, indicating that the aerosol as measured from both sites shows similar hygroscopic properties. However, the derived number of cloud condensation nuclei ( N CCN ) were much higher in the present experiment than the Amazon, resulting in part from the increased total particle number concentrations observed in the Bornean rainforest. This contrast between the two environments may be of substantial importance in describing the impacts of particles in the tropical atmosphere.
A literature-based intervention for people with chronic pain

Background: This study investigated the impact of a literature-based intervention – The Reader Organisation's “Get into Reading (GIR)” shared read-aloud model – on people with chronic pain in a clinical setting. Methods: A mixed methodology approach was used. Quantitative self-report measures tested the effect of GIR on participants’ psychological symptoms and function before, during and after the reading group. Qualitative individual interviews and a focus group explored participants’ experience of GIR. Results: Three key themes emerged from the data: the value of the literature read in terms of quality and diversity, and in terms of promoting absorbed concentration and “flow”; a sense of shared community; improvement in mood, function and quality of life. Conclusions: The study has demonstrated that GIR can have a positive impact on the lives of people suffering chronic pain, which may help to alleviate some features of the condition with minimum risk of side effects.
Expression of neurotrophin‐3 in the mouse forebrain: Insights from a targeted LacZ reporter

To obtain insights into the expression of neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) in the mouse, we have utilized mice in which the Escherichia coli lacZ gene is integrated into the neurotrophin‐3 locus (NT‐3lacZneo, Fariñas et al. [1994] Nature 369:658–661). In this mouse strain, β‐galactosidase production is under control of the NT‐3 promoter in its normal chromosomal environment, and histochemical measurement of β‐galactosidase provides a simple, sensitive method to determine which cells express NT‐3. Our data correlate well with previous in situ mRNA and immunocytochemical studies reporting the localization of NT‐3. For example, in adult NT‐3lacZneo/+ mice, β‐galactosidase is expressed in high amounts in limbic areas of the cortex (cingulate, retrosplenial, piriform, and entorhinal), in the visual cortex, in the hippocampal formation (dentate granule cells, CA2 cells, fasciola cinereum, induseum griseum, tenia tecta, presubiculum, and parasubiculum), and in the septum (septohippocampal nucleus and lateral dorsal septum). In contrast with other studies, our results suggest more extensive expression of NT‐3 in adult and aged mouse brains with cortical expression apparent at 4.5 months. To further define the cell populations expressing NT‐3 in adult mice, we have combined immunocytochemistry with histochemical staining and found that β‐galactosidase is coexpressed with a neuronal marker (NeuN) and with parvalbumin and neuropeptides, markers for GABAergic interneurons. Our studies of embryonic β‐galactosidase expression in NT‐3lacZneo/+ mice suggest sites of NT‐3 expression not previously described, including embryonic piriform cortical cells and dentate granule cell precursors. J. Comp. Neurol. 416:398–415, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of probiotics and prebiotics on blood lipids

Since the early work of Mann and Spoerry, probiotics in the form of fermented milk products have been reputed to have cholesterol-lowering properties in humans. However, studies conducted since the early 1970s have produced equivocal findings, with interpretation of the outcomes complicated by use of excessive quantities of product, inadequate sample sizes, failure to control nutrient intake and energy expenditure and variations in baseline blood lipids. More recent studies are of better quality, but fail to provide convincing evidence that ‘live’ fermented milk products have cholesterol-lowering efficacy in man. Future studies using probiotics should ensure adequate sample sizes sufficient to detect relatively small changes in blood cholesterol and should be conducted over longer periods of time. The recent introduction of the concept of prebiotics has directed attention towards the possibility that alterations in gut microflora induced by the fermentation of non-digestible components of the diet may also have the potential to influence systemic lipid metabolism. This possibility has been strengthened by the observation that in animals, dietary oligofructosaccharides cause suppression of hepatic triglyceride and VLDL synthesis, resulting in marked reductions in triglyceride, and to a lesser extent cholesterol, levels. Evidence for similar effects in humans is sparse and more studies are needed, particularly with respect to effects on postprandial triglyceride concentrations.
Convolutional Networks for Shape from Light Field

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently been successfully applied to various Computer Vision (CV) applications. In this paper we utilize CNNs to predict depth information for given Light Field (LF) data. The proposed method learns an end-to-end mapping between the 4D light field and a representation of the corresponding 4D depth field in terms of 2D hyperplane orientations. The obtained prediction is then further refined in a post processing step by applying a higher-order regularization. Existing LF datasets are not sufficient for the purpose of the training scheme tackled in this paper. This is mainly due to the fact that the ground truth depth of existing datasets is inaccurate and/or the datasets are limited to a small number of LFs. This made it necessary to generate a new synthetic LF dataset, which is based on the raytracing software POV-Ray. This new dataset provides floating point accurate ground truth depth fields, and due to a random scene generator the dataset can be scaled as required.
Inhibitors to Working with Hospital Information Systems - A Cross-national Analysis -

Physicians' use of Hospital Information Systems remains an attractive issue for research. The inhibitors, i.e. the question why many physicians do not like to work with HIS, are of especially great interest as they are deemed to be the key to successful HIS deployment and adoption. This study takes a qualitative research approach to this question. Sixty-five (65) interviews at six different hospitals provided input, accompanied by more than 40 hours of workplace shadowing. We conducted our research in the United States and Germany, as both countries have highly developed healthcare systems but take different approaches to fostering the use of IT in hospitals. Our findings show that alignment of the factors defined as user, system and process is important. However, leadership and organizational setting play vital roles. This implies that research needs to take a broader look at the issue, as is typically the case in IS research in organizational settings.