Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Gustilo Grade IIIB Tibia Fractures with Application of Antibiotic Spacer, Flap, and Sequential Distraction Osteogenesis

Gustilo grade III (GIII) B-C open tibia shaft fractures have a wide spectrum of injury to the bone and soft tissues. At the severe end of the spectrum are GIII B tibia fractures that combine segmental bone loss with soft tissue injuries which require flap reconstruction. These complex injuries can be treated combining circular tensioned wire fixation and distraction histiogenesis with flap reconstruction. GIII B tibia shaft fractures were retrospectively reviewed at an urban Level One Trauma Center from 1992 to 2008 which were treated with the Ilizarov method. Seventy-six patients with 78 fractures were treated. Thirty-eight fractures were treated with flaps. Out of this cohort, a subset of 19 fractures were treated using the protocol of initial multiple debridements, half pin resuscitation external fixation, soft tissue reconstruction over antibiotic spacers and delayed Ilizarov reconstruction after stabilization of the soft tissue envelope.The fractures had multiple aggressive debridements removing nonviable bone. Thirteen free flaps and 6 rotation flaps were applied. Flaps were applied a mean time of 34 days (12–77) after initial injury. Two free flaps failed and had a second successful application. Flap survival was 17 of 19 (89%). There was one partial necrosis and one flap hematoma. There was no flap complication from delayed elevation and spacer removal. Mean tibial bone defect was 9.4 cm (5–17). Reconstruction time was 26.5 months (12–73). Eighteen of 19 fractures were reconstructed with union and no deep infection or osteomyelitis. One fracture had a hypertrophic nonunion in a noncompliant patient.The use of antibiotic spacers and flaps to construct a soft tissue tunnel combined with distraction histiogenesis is an effective technique to salvage complex GIII B tibia fractures with segmental bone loss.
A simulation study exploring the role of cultural transmission in language evolution

This paper proposes a language acquisition framework that includes both intra-generational transmission among children and inter-generational transmission between adults and children. A multi-agent computational model that adopts this framework is designed to evaluate the relative roles of these forms of cultural transmission in language evolution. It is shown that intra-generational transmission helps accelerate the convergence of linguistic knowledge and introduce changes in the communal language, while inter-generational transmission helps preserve an initial language to a certain extent. Due to conventionalisation during transmission, both forms of transmission collectively achieve a dynamic equilibrium of language evolution: On short time-scales, good understandability is maintained among individuals across generations; in the long run, language change is inevitable.
Prediction of gene-based drug indications using compendia of public gene expression data and PubMed abstracts

The tremendous research effort on diseases and drug discovery has produced a huge amount of important biomedical information which is mostly hidden in the web. In addition, many databases have been created for the purpose of storing enormous amounts of information and high-throughput experiments related to drugs and diseases' effects on genes. Thus, developing an algorithm to integrate biological data from different sources forms one of the greatest challenges in the field of computational biology. Based on our belief that data integration would result in better understanding for the drug mode of action or the disease pathophysiology, we have developed a novel paradigm to integrate data from three major sources in order to predict novel therapeutic drug indications. Microarray data, biomedical text mining data, and gene interaction data have been all integrated to predict ranked lists of genes based on their relevance to a particular drug or disease molecular action. These ranked lists of genes have finally been used as a raw material for building a disease-drug connectivity map based on the enrichment between the up/down tags of a particular disease signature and the ranked lists of drugs. Using this paradigm, we have reported 13% sensitivity improvement in comparison with using microarray or text mining data independently. In addition, our paradigm is able to predict many clinically validated disease-drug associations that could not be captured using microarray or text mining data independently.
The BpsIR Quorum-Sensing System of Burkholderia pseudomallei

ABSTRACT BpsIR, a LuxIR quorum-sensing homolog, is required for optimal expression of virulence and secretion of exoproducts in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Cell density-dependent expression of bpsI and bpsR, the positive regulation of bpsIR expression by BpsR, and the synthesis of N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (C8HSL) by BpsI are described in this report.
Reversible Sequential Element Designs

x y z x y xy♁z Abstract – To construct a reversible sequential circuit, reversible sequential elements are required. This work presents novel designs of reversible sequential elements such as D latch, JK latch, and T latch. Based on these reversible latches, we construct the designs of the corresponding flip-flops . Comparing with previous work, the implementation cost of our new designs, including the number of gates and the number of garbage outputs is considerably reduced.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Women With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease From the Clinical Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Coronary Heart Disease (CE-MARC) Trial

Background— Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in women, and underdiagnosis contributes to the high mortality. This study compared the sex-specific diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods and Results— A total of 235 women and 393 men with suspected angina underwent CMR, SPECT, and x-ray angiography as part of the Clinical Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Coronary Heart Disease (CE-MARC) study. CMR comprised adenosine stress/rest perfusion, cine imaging, late gadolinium enhancement, and magnetic resonance coronary angiography. Gated adenosine stress/rest SPECT was performed with 99mTc-tetrofosmin. For CMR, the sensitivity in women and men was similar (88.7% versus 85.6%; P=0.57), as was the specificity (83.5% versus 82.8%; P=0.86). For SPECT, the sensitivity was significantly worse in women than in men (50.9% versus 70.8%; P=0.007), but the specificities were similar (84.1% versus 81.3%; P=0.48). The sensitivity in both the female and male groups was significantly higher with CMR than SPECT (P<0.0001 for both), but the specificity was similar (P=0.77 and P=1.00, respectively). For perfusion-only components, CMR outperformed SPECT in women (area under the curve, 0.90 versus 0.67; P<0.0001) and in men (area under the curve, 0.89 versus 0.74; P<0.0001). Diagnostic accuracy was similar in both sexes with perfusion CMR (P=1.00) but was significantly worse in women with SPECT (P<0.0001). Conclusions— In both sexes, CMR has greater sensitivity than SPECT. Unlike SPECT, there are no significant sex differences in the diagnostic performance of CMR. These findings, plus an absence of ionizing radiation exposure, mean that CMR should be more widely adopted in women with suspected coronary artery disease. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN77246133.
Three Dimensional Evaluation of a Dental Implant in Different Angles by Finite Element Method

Introduction: Recently, teeth drawbacks, which account a source of discomfort for people and also decrease self-confident among them, can be correct with dental implants. Objective: In this paper, precise modeling of the various geometric sections for a dental implant (number 5) is performed. Materials and Methods: The rate of loading on the dental implant is variability considered in three angles of 0, 15 and 25 degrees at a time interval of 0 to 1 seconds to apply a force similar to the chewing cycle. By examining the stress and strain patterns in the spongy, components, fixture, spongiform, buccal and lingual bones a model is employed in order to obtain the exact distribution of stress and strain within the bone and the angled abutment. Results: According to the obtained results, the angle of 25 degrees is an ideal model in the dental implant. These results also indicate that the areas around the buccal and lingual neck are more susceptible to damage in the location of the attachment to the fixture. Conclusions: We will see a lot of bone resorption after a long time due to the increase in stress and strain in the compact bones and bone formation. Whereas in spongy bone, unlike compress bone, low stress results in a very high strain that is ideal and declines the bone resorption. The increase of the angle enlarges stress in the fixture that it is important not only for choosing the implant model but also the quality of the implant so that it can withstand high stress.
The possible contributory role of the S allele of 5-HTTLPR in the emergence of suicidality

Suicide is a complex and challenging human phenomenon, and, although knowledge is expanding concerning its risk factors, its background is still not fully understood. There is currently an increasing interest in genetic factors associated with suicide, since these may lead to the emergence of personality traits and temperaments that may be long-term predictors of suicidal behaviour. One of the most likely genetic candidates in the background of suicide is the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. This review focused on papers published on the association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and suicidal behaviour as well as research on possible endophenotypes related to suicide. Although there are contradictory results, several studies and meta-analyses support the idea that the S allele plays a role in the background of violent suicide. However, in order to be able to delineate the genetic background of suicide, different types of suicidal behaviour should be distinguished, since studies indicate that these may have different genetic factors. Also, personality traits and temperaments should be identified that may play a modulating role between genetic factors and suicidal behaviour. So far, neuroticism, affective temperaments, and impulsive aggression have been found to be associated with both the S allele and suicidal behaviour. This study aimed to integrate findings concerning possible endophenotypes modulating between genetic factors and manifested suicidal behaviour.
Prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders in schizophrenia

Background: Diagnostic and treatment hierarchical reductionisms have resulted in an oversight of anxiety syndromes in schizophrenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of different anxiety disorders in schizophrenia patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on inpatients of a tertiary care psychiatric hospital using a prospective, purposive sampling technique. The study consisted of 93 schizophrenia patients and a similar number of normal controls. The schizophrenia patients and controls were evaluated for psychopathology and the presence of anxiety disorder. Results: The prevalence of anxiety disorder was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients (45.16%) compared to controls (16.12%). Further, the prevalence of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients. No significant correlation was observed between anxiety disorder scores and psychopathology scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and OCD) in schizophrenia is significantly higher in the general population. The onset of anxiety disorder commonly precedes the onset of schizophrenia.
Decreasing trend in mortality of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients after introduction of imatinib in Japan and the U.S.

PURPOSE Although the impact of imatinib in improving survival outcomes in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients has been widely reported, its impact on mortality from CML has not been evaluated. A survival benefit demonstrated in clinical trials does not simply translate to a decrease in mortality. To evaluate the impact of imatinib on the public health, we estimated the age-standardized mortality rate of CML patients in Japan and the U.S. using vital statistics data for Japan and data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute for the U.S. PATIENTS AND METHODS The period covered in this analysis is 1993-2008, during which 64,203 patients in Japan and 26,888 patients in nine registries in the U.S. died as a result of CML. We used joinpoint regression analysis to evaluate the significance of trends in mortality. RESULTS Estimated age-standardized mortality rates decreased significantly in both countries after the availability of imatinib. The annual percent changes (95% confidence interval) in the U.S. were -12.3% (-14.8% to -9.7%) for men and -11.6% (-13.1% to -10.1%) for women. In Japan, these were -20.8% (-36.2% to -1.6%) for men and -15.6% (-18.8% to -12.2%) for women. The period of change in the mortality trend seems to correlate with the period in which imatinib appeared in the two countries. The CML mortality rate in 2008 was nearly 30% that of the 1993 level. CONCLUSION This is one example of the advent of a single new drug changing the picture of a single disease, CML. These results may encourage further development of drugs based on the concept of molecular targeting.
Bivalirudin use and one-month outcome in the context of contemporary antiplatelet treatment: insights from the Greek Antiplatelet Registry.

AIMS Little is known about the use of bivalirudin in "real life". In the context of contemporary antiplatelet treatment, we aimed to assess bivalirudin treatment patterns and short-term (one-month) outcome. METHODS Greek Antiplatelet Registry (GRAPE) is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study of consecutive, moderate-to-high-risk acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We assessed bivalirudin treatment patterns and predictive factors for its use. Combined in-hospital and one-month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, and stroke), and bleeding events according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria were analyzed after propensity matching. RESULTS Of 2047 registered patients, 480 (23.4%) were treated with bivalirudin. Multivariate analysis (C statistic 0.77, 0.75-0.80 95% CIs, P < 0.001) revealed as factors favoring bivalirudin use primary PCI, radial arterial access, presentation with positive biomarkers and use of novel P2Y12 inhibitor, whereas IIb/IIIa inhibitor administration did not. Regional trends also affected bivalirudin's choice. In 370 propensity-matched pairs of patients who received or not bivalirudin, MACE, BARC type 1, 2 and 3 did not differ between groups: 4.1%, 21.9%, 3.2%, 3.5% and 5.1%, 18.9%, 2.7%, 4.3%, respectively, P = nonsignificant for all. CONCLUSIONS In a "real life", contemporary antiplatelet treatment registry, clinical, laboratory and logistic factors affect bivalirudin's choice, while there are no differences in one-month outcome between bivalirudin-treated and non-bivalirudin-treated patients.
Vascular Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic inflammatory conditions, characterized by a microvascular and also macrovascular involvement. Chronically inflamed intestinal microvessels of IBD patients have demonstrated significant alterations in their physiology and function compared with vessels from healthy and uninvolved IBD intestine. Recently, some studies have revealed that the poor mucosal healing, refractory inflammatory ulcerations and damage in the IBD intestine could depend on microvascular dysfunction, resulting in diminished vasodilatory capacity and tissue hypoperfusion in the IBD gut. Furthermore, several data show that the activation of intestinal endothelium plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and/or in perpetuating and amplifying the inflammatory process in IBD and, consequently, it is now emerging as a potential use of anticoagulant or coagulation-related drugs in treating IBD. IBD is also associated with an increased risk of macrovascular venous and arterial thrombosis. Thrombotic events occur prevalently as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. They happen at an earlier age than in non-IBD patients. Prothrombotic risk factors in IBD patients could be distinguished as acquired, such as active inflammation, immobility, surgery, steroid therapy, and use of central venous catheters, and inherited. Furthermore, it has been found that IBD, per se, is an independent risk factor for thrombosis. The prevention of thromboembolic events in IBD patients includes the elimination of removable risk factors and, if thrombosis occurs, a pharmacological therapy similar to that used for thromboembolic events occurring in the general population.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcome and Health‐Related Quality of Life Following Open Heart Surgery

The effect of increased body mass index (BMI) on survival following open heart surgery is unclear. We explored the relationship between BMI, survival following elective open heart surgery, and health-related quality of life. Our results suggest that increased BMI need not be a deterrent for undergoing open heart surgery. Patients with increased BMI can expect similar complication rates, significant gains in health-related quality of life at 1 year, and comparable intermediate survival.
Selenium accumulation and speciation in biofortified chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Mediterranean conditions.

BACKGROUND Millions of people have Se-deficient diets and Se-biofortified crops could prevent such deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of chickpea for use in Se fertilization programs in order to increase available Se. Two foliar Se fertilizers (sodium selenate and sodium selenite) at four rates (0, 10, 20, 40 g ha(-1)) were tested in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons in a field experiment conducted under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. RESULTS Sodium selenate was much more effectively taken by plants than sodium selenite, and there was a strong and linear relationship between total Se content and Se rate for both. For each gram of Se fertilizer, applied either as sodium selenate or sodium selenite, the increases of total Se concentration in grain were 126 and 87, and 25 and 19 µg Se kg(-1) dry weight, in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, respectively. Se was found to be incorporated into chickpea grains mainly (>70%) as selenomethionine. CONCLUSION Se-enriched chickpeas would be a good candidate for inclusion in biofortification programs under semiarid Mediterranean conditions and for promotion as a 'functional food'.
On the Nonparametric Identification of Nonlinear Simultaneous Equations Models: Comment on B. Brown

This note revisits the identification theorems of Brown (1983) and Roehrig (1988). We describe an error in the proofs of the main identification theorems in these papers, and provide an important counterexample to the theorems on the identification of the reduced form. Specifically, the reduced form of a nonseparable simultaneous equations model is not identified even under the assumptions of these papers. We provide conditions under which the reduced form is identified and is recoverable using the distribution of the endogenous variables conditional on the exogenous variables. However, these conditions place substantial limitations on the structural model. We conclude the note with a conjecture that it may be possible to use classical exclusion restrictions to recover some of the key implications of the theorems in more general settings.
Transformational and abusive leadership practices: impacts on novice nurses, quality of care and intention to leave.

AIMS To investigate the impact of nurse managers exercising transformational vs. abusive leadership practices with novice nurses. BACKGROUND In a nursing shortage context, it is important to understand better the factors that potentially influence the retention of nurses in the early stages of their career. A large body of research has found that transformational leadership practices have a positive influence on employee functioning. However, very little research exists about the detrimental impact of abusive leadership practices, much less in a nursing context. DESIGN A cross-sectional design where 541 nurses from the province of Quebec (Canada) were questioned in the fall of 2013. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was completed by nurses with less than five years of nursing experience. RESULTS Results from three linear regression analysis indicated that transformational leadership practices potentially lead to high quality care and weak intention to quit the healthcare facilities. Conversely, abusive leadership practices potentially lead to poorer quality care and to strong intention to quit the healthcare facilities and the nursing profession. CONCLUSION Paying close attention to the leadership practices of nurse managers could prove effective in improving patient care and increasing the retention of new nurses, which is helpful in resolving the nursing shortage. Our results specifically suggest not only that we promote supportive leadership practices (transformational leadership) but, most of all, that we spread the word that abusive leadership creates working conditions that could be detrimental to the practice of nursing at career start.
Prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal machining.

In this investigation two methods of machining analysis have been used to make predictions of cutting forces from a knowledge of the workpiece material flowstress and the cutting conditions. The first method of the analysis is used withthree different materials namely EN8, Aluminium and 70-30 Brass. In thisanalysis the work material flow stress is obtained from a simple quasi-static compression test where the effects of temperature and strain rate are considered to be negligible. Predicted results for the cutting forces obtained from the first method of analysis were compared with experimental results. The comparisonof predicted results with experimental results shows only limited agreement.In order to improve the agreement between experimental and predicted results the machining model was improved by the inclusion of flow stress properties obtained from high speed compression tests. In addition the effect oftemperature on the flow stress was allowed for by the use of the velocity modified temperature concept. An excellent agreement is shown between predicted cutting forces obtained from the improved model of machining, with the cutting forces obtained by experiment.Conclusions are drawn and suggestions for further work are made.