Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor Men in the Land of Promises

Abstract Married men and breadwinning were mutually implicit in Pakeha narratives of masculinity in nineteenth-century New Zealand. This article explores the idea that an implicit but important promise held out to immigrants from the mid-century was the promise of sole male breadwinning, and that this promise was so central to gender relations in the colonial economy that when it was defaulted on at the century's end, many men's failure to maintain sole breadwinning was understood to mark their failure as men. The economic and cultural organisation of masculinity around breadwinning had important implications for the lives of failing men and their families in the Long Depression of the late nineteenth century, and these implications can be traced in the records of failure: welfare records, court records, and suicide inquests.
Proteomic Analysis of Gastrocnemius Muscle in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Chronically Exposed to Fluoride

Administration of high doses of fluoride (F) can alter glucose homeostasis and lead to insulin resistance (IR). This study determined the profile of protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes that were chronically exposed to F. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly distributed into two groups of 18 animals. In one group, diabetes was induced through the administration of streptozotocin. Each group (D-diabetic and ND-non-diabetic) was further divided into 3 subgroups each of which was exposed to a different F concentration via drinking water (0 ppm, 10 ppm or 50 ppm F, as NaF). After 22 days of treatment, the gastrocnemius muscle was collected and submitted to proteomic analysis (2D-PAGE followed by LC-MS/MS). Protein functions were classified by the GO biological process (ClueGO v2.0.7+Clupedia v1.0.8) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed (PSICQUIC, Cytoscape). Quantitative intensity analysis of the proteomic data revealed differential expression of 75 spots for ND0 vs. D0, 76 for ND10 vs.D10, 58 spots for ND50 vs. D50, 52 spots for D0 vs. D10 and 38 spots for D0 vs. D50. The GO annotations with the most significant terms in the comparisons of ND0 vs. D0, ND10 vs. D10, ND50 vs. D50, D0 vs. D10 and D0 vs. D50, were muscle contraction, carbohydrate catabolic processes, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, NAD metabolic processes and gluconeogenesis, respectively. Analysis of subnetworks revealed that, in all comparisons, proteins with fold changes interacted with GLUT4. GLUT4 interacting proteins, such as MDH and the stress proteins HSPB8 and GRP78, exhibited decreased expression when D animals were exposed to F. The presence of the two stress proteins indicates an increase in IR, which might worsen diabetes. Future studies should evaluate whether diabetic animals treated with F have increased IR, as well as which molecular mechanisms are involved.
Protection by dietary Spirulina platensis against d-galactosamine- and acetaminophen-induced liver injuries

Increasing attention has been paid to Spirulina for its potential clinical uses. The present study investigated the protection by dietary Spirulina platensis against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatitis in ICR mice. Mice in each group (n 6) were fed with a standard diet (American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G), a positive control diet containing 0·5 % butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or a diet containing 3, 6 or 9 % S. platensis for 1 week. On the last day the mice were treated with d-GalN (300 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) or APAP (150 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and 24 h later the mice were killed. The doses of both 6 and 9 % S. platensis were found to significantly alleviate the increase of serum glutamate oxaloacetoacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in d-GalN- or APAP-intoxicated mice. The observation was very similar to that of the positive control groups. Two more experiments were carried out to investigate the involvement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-18 in the suppression of 6 % S. platensis on d-GalN- and APAP-induced hepatitis. The significant increase of GOT and GPT activities was found to be accompanied with the elevation of hepatic TBARS level, IL-18 mRNA expression and serum IL-18 concentration, and was significantly alleviated by supplementation with 6 % S. platensis in diets. These results showed that dietary S. platensis could provide a significant protection against d-GalN- and APAP-induced liver injuries, and IL-18 and lipid peroxidation might be involved in the protective influence of S. platensis.
EFEKTIFITAS SELF DIRECTED LEARNING DITINJAU DARI KECERDASAN PERSONAL TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA IKIP PGRI BOJONEGORO

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran self directed learning yang akan dibandingakan dengan model directed learning terhadap tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa dengan tinjauan kecerdasan personal yakni kecerdasan interpersonal dan kecerdasan intrapersonal yang dimiliki mahasiswa. Penelitian ini termasuk quasi experimental research atau penelitian eksperimental semu dengan desain faktorial 2 x 2, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua model pembelajaran yaitu model pembelajaran Directed learning (sebagai kelas kontrol) dan self Directed learning (sebagai kelas eksperimen) yang dikaitkan dengan kecerdasan personal mahasiswa berupa kecerdasan interpersonal dan intrapersonal mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro dengan populasi seluruh mahasiswa semester VI Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA. Setelah dilakukan penelitan dan dilakukan analisis dengan ANAVA dua jalan, didapat kesimpulan bahwa model Self Directed Learning lebih efektif dibandingakan dengan model Directed Learning baik secara umum maupun untuk setiap kategori kecerdasan personal. Keyword: Self Directed Learning, Directed Learning, kecerdasan interpersonal dan kecerdasan intrapersonal.
Ordering, Pricing, and Lead-Time Quotation under Lead-Time and Demand Uncertainty

In this article, we study the newsvendor problem with endogenous setting of price and quoted lead-time. This problem can be observed in situations where a firm orders semi-finished product prior to the selling season and customizes the product in response to customer orders during the selling season. The total demand during the selling season and the lead-time required for customization are uncertain. The demand for the product depends not only on the selling price but also on the quoted lead-time. To set the quoted lead-time, the firm has to carefully balance the benefit of increasing demand as the quoted lead-time is reduced against the cost of increased tardiness. Our model enables the firm to determine the optimal selling price, quoted lead-time, and order quantity simultaneously, and provides a new set of insights to managers.
Rationally Inattentive Control of Markov Processes

The article poses a general model for optimal control subject to information constraints, motivated in part by recent work of Sims and others on information-constrained decision-making by economic agents. In the average-cost optimal control framework, the general model introduced in this paper reduces to a variant of the linear-programming representation of the average-cost optimal control problem, subject to an additional mutual information constraint on the randomized stationary policy. The resulting optimization problem is convex and admits a decomposition based on the Bellman error, which is the object of study in approximate dynamic programming. The theory is illustrated through the example of information-constrained linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control problem. Some results on the infinite-horizon discounted-cost criterion are also presented.
PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH BERISIKO TERHADAP KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN

Increasing premarital sexual behavior among college students today needs special attention from all parties, including the universities. The case of an unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and sexually trans mitted infections premarital are more common among students. Research problem was whether the factors that influence the risk of premarital sexual behavior to unwanted pregnancy in college students. Research purpose was to determine the factors that influence to premarital sexual behavior to un wanted pregnancy in college students. Methods research was explanatory research with cross sectional approach. Sample was mostly teenage students (18-24 years old) who totaled 380 students, by proportional simple random sampling. The results of this study showed that 12.1 % of students have high risk of premarital sexual behavior to unwanted pregnancy. Bivariate analysis by chi square test showed that religiosity; attitudes, access and contact with pornography media, close friend’s attitudes and sexual behavior were significantly associated with premarital sexual behavior of students. Conclusion, close friend’s sexual behavior, respondent’s sexuality attitudes, and religiosity dominant influence to sexual behavior for student’s unwanted pregnancy.
Reduced lung function among sisal processors

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms among sisal workers in Tanzania and compare the results with a control group. Methods A cross-sectional study on chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function was conducted in 2006 among male Tanzanian sisal processing workers from six sisal estates. Participants included 86 workers in decortication departments, 68 workers in brushing departments and 30 low exposed security guards. The response rate was 97%. Chronic respiratory symptoms and background information were obtained by structured interview. Forced ventilatory capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were estimated before and after a work shift, and FEV1/FVC ratio calculated. Results Workers were aged 19–85, with the oldest in the brushing and security departments. Chronic cough and chest tightness were experienced by 38% and 68% of workers in brushing departments, 20% and 6% of workers in decortication and 7% and 0% of security workers, respectively. A reduced FEV1/FVC ratio related to years of work was found among workers in brushing departments when adjusting for age, smoking, previous respiratory illnesses and body mass index, using regression analyses. Work in decortication departments was not related to reduced lung function parameters. The prevalence of FEV1/FVC<70 was above 50 for all three groups. Lung function parameters were similar before and after work shifts, except that peak expiratory flow increased among workers in brushing departments after work shifts. Conclusions The results indicate a relationship between work in sisal brushing departments and the development of obstructive lung disorders.
Multiple-point formulas: A new point of view

On the basis of the Generalized Pontryagin-Thom construction (see Rimanyi & Szucs, 1998) and its application in computing Thom polynomials (see Rimanyi, 2001) here we introduce a new point of view in multiple-point theory. Using this approach we will first show how to reprove results of Kleiman and his followers (the corank 1 case) then we will prove some new multiple-point formulas which are not subject to the condition of corank < 1. We will concentrate on the case of complex analytic maps N * → P *+1 , since this was the setting where the most formulas were known before. The scheme of the computation is similar to the one we used in computing Thom polynomials (see Rimanyi, 2001), with an essential difference that here we need to compute nontrivial incidence classes.
The maturation of rabbit epididymal spermatozoa in organ culture: stimulation by epididymal cytoplasmic extracts.

Infertile spermatozoa from the proximal corpus epididymidis do not become fertile when this epididymal segment is cultured 24 h in vitro. Addition of a cytoplasmic extract from the distal corpus significantly increases their fertilizing ability. Extracts prepared from cauda epididymides or from liver were effective; however, liver extract was less effective than extract from cauda epididymides in increasing fertilizing ability. The factor(s) responsible for this effect is not a steroid or another charcoal extractable substance. These observations stress the importance of the epididymal contribution to the maturation of spermatozoa.
Transformational Tourism, Nature and Wellbeing: New Perspectives on Fitness and the Body*

Historical studies of rural recreation and wellbeing have drawn attention to the role of nature and the countryside in the development of ideas surrounding notions of fitness as a moral responsibility. This article builds on some of this work in an examination of transformational tourism and the ways in which nature, and in particular wild nature, is drawn into more contemporary concerns about health, wellbeing and the body. Using the work of Foucault, the article explores how wild nature (as a location and a set of practices) becomes part of a strategy employed by the individual to discipline the body in terms of ideas about size, shape and fitness and to inform broader lifestyle and therapeutic practices in the ‘care of the self’.
Outlier Detection Using Nonconvex Penalized Regression

This article studies the outlier detection problem from the standpoint of penalized regression. In the regression model, we add one mean shift parameter for each of the n data points. We then apply a regularization favoring a sparse vector of mean shift parameters. The usual L1 penalty yields a convex criterion, but fails to deliver a robust estimator. The L1 penalty corresponds to soft thresholding. We introduce a thresholding (denoted by Θ) based iterative procedure for outlier detection (Θ–IPOD). A version based on hard thresholding correctly identifies outliers on some hard test problems. We describe the connection between Θ–IPOD and M-estimators. Our proposed method has one tuning parameter with which to both identify outliers and estimate regression coefficients. A data-dependent choice can be made based on the Bayes information criterion. The tuned Θ–IPOD shows outstanding performance in identifying outliers in various situations compared with other existing approaches. In addition, Θ–IPOD is much faster than iteratively reweighted least squares for large data, because each iteration costs at most O(np) (and sometimes much less), avoiding an O(np2) least squares estimate. This methodology can be extended to high-dimensional modeling with p ≫ n if both the coefficient vector and the outlier pattern are sparse.
A Novel Admixture-Based Pharmacogenetic Approach to Refine Warfarin Dosing in Caribbean Hispanics

Aim This study is aimed at developing a novel admixture-adjusted pharmacogenomic approach to individually refine warfarin dosing in Caribbean Hispanic patients. Patients & Methods A multiple linear regression analysis of effective warfarin doses versus relevant genotypes, admixture, clinical and demographic factors was performed in 255 patients and further validated externally in another cohort of 55 individuals. Results The admixture-adjusted, genotype-guided warfarin dosing refinement algorithm developed in Caribbean Hispanics showed better predictability (R2 = 0.70, MAE = 0.72mg/day) than a clinical algorithm that excluded genotypes and admixture (R2 = 0.60, MAE = 0.99mg/day), and outperformed two prior pharmacogenetic algorithms in predicting effective dose in this population. For patients at the highest risk of adverse events, 45.5% of the dose predictions using the developed pharmacogenetic model resulted in ideal dose as compared with only 29% when using the clinical non-genetic algorithm (p<0.001). The admixture-driven pharmacogenetic algorithm predicted 58% of warfarin dose variance when externally validated in 55 individuals from an independent validation cohort (MAE = 0.89 mg/day, 24% mean bias). Conclusions Results supported our rationale to incorporate individual’s genotypes and unique admixture metrics into pharmacogenetic refinement models in order to increase predictability when expanding them to admixed populations like Caribbean Hispanics. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01318057
Biliary Mucosal Barrier and Microbiome

Background: The biliary system is in continuous contact with the complex microbiota of the intestine. Microbial products have recently been proposed as potential triggers for biliary diseases. Methods: The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of the biliary and intestinal microbiome in biliary inflammatory diseases. Results: Previously, it was suggested that the healthy biliary system is a sterile organ, while acute cholangitis and cholecystitis may occur from ascending infections. Although non-inflammatory biliary colonization by certain bacteria such as Salmonella spp. has been already recognized since several decades, human and animal studies indicated only very recently that the gallbladder harbors a complex microbiota also under non-pathologic conditions. Novel findings suggested that - similar to the situation in the intestine - the biliary mucosa features a chemical, mechanical, and immunological barrier, ensuring immunological tolerance against commensals. However, microbial triggers might influence acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the biliary system and the whole liver. Conclusion: Although yet undefined, dysbiosis of the biliary or intestinal microbiota rather than a single microorganism may influence disease progression.
Esophageal Contractions After Wet and Dry Swallows in Patients With Esophagitis, Chagas' Disease and Idiopathic Achalasia

Background In normal subjects the distal esophageal response to dry swallows differs from that of wet swallows. Our aim in this investigation was to compare the esophageal contractions of the proximal and distal esophageal body to wet and dry swallows. Methods We studied the esophageal contractions of eight patients with idiopathic achalasia, 37 patients with Chagas’ disease, 28 patients with esophagitis, and 31 normal volunteers using manometric examination with continuous perfusion. The esophageal contractions were measured at 2 cm (proximal) and 22 cm (distal) from the upper esophageal sphincter. Five swallows of a 5 ml bolus of water alternated with 5 dry swallows were performed. Results In the proximal esophagus there was no difference between wet and dry swallows. In patients with esophagitis and volunteers the contractions in the distal esophagus had greater amplitude with wet swallows than with dry swallows. Contraction amplitude was lower than the amplitude of the other groups, in both the proximal and distal esophageal body in achalasia, and in distal esophageal body in Chagas’ disease. The interval between the upstroke of contractions in the proximal and distal esophageal body was longer in volunteers and patients with esophagitis than in patients with Chagas’ disease and achalasia. Conclusions Wet swallows cause higher amplitude of contraction in distal esophagus than dry swallows, which is not seen in diseases with impairment of esophageal innervation (achalasia and Chagas’ disease). In the proximal esophagus there is no difference in contractions caused by wet or dry swallows.
Motives of Socially Responsible Business Conduct

The social and ecological challenges that governments face have raised their interest in socially responsible business conduct (SRBC). In this article we analyze the motives of executives to perform SRBC. We distinguish three types of motives: financial, ethical and altruistic motives. We test the hypotheses on a sample of 473 executives. The estimation results show that SRBC is driven by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motives, but that the intrinsic motives are stronger than the extrinsic motive.
Three-Dimensional X-Ray Photoelectron Tomography on the Nanoscale: Limits of Data Processing by Principal Component Analysis

Abstract In a previous article, we studied the influence of spectral noise on a new method for three-dimensional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3D XPS) imaging, which is based on analysis of the XPS peak shape [Hajati, S. , Tougaard, S. , Walton, J. & Fairley, N. (2008). Surf Sci 602, 3064–3070]. Here, we study in more detail the influence of noise reduction by principal component analysis (PCA) on 3D XPS images of carbon contamination of a patterned oxidized silicon sample and on 3D XPS images of Ag covered by a nanoscale patterned octadiene layer. PCA is very efficient for noise reduction, and using only the three most significant PCA factors to reconstruct the spectra restores essentially all physical information in both the intensity and shape of the XPS spectra. The corresponding signal-to-noise improvement was estimated to be equivalent to a reduction by a factor of 200 in the required data acquisition time. A small additional amount of information is obtained by using up to five PCA factors, but due to the increased noise level, this information can only be extracted if the intensity of the start and end points for each spectrum are obtained as averages over several energy points.
On the general form of FIR MIMO biorthogonal partners

The concept of biorthogonal partners has previously been shown to provide a unifying link for various applications in digital signal processing. In particular, the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) case has been associated with several different contexts such as multiwavelet theory and MIMO channel equalization, especially with fractionally spaced equalizers. In most of these applications, the construction of FIR solutions is of high practical importance. In this paper we derive the most general form of FIR MIMO biorthogonal partners. These findings are tested on a MIMO channel equalization example.
Design and implementation of OCV prediction mechanism for PV-lithium ion battery system

This paper describes the design and implementation of an open circuit voltage (OCV) prediction mechanism for Li-ion based battery systems. This approach involves the development of a simulation model incorporating Li-ion cells, modules and later the PV-battery system. The simulation model is used to analyse the effect of the prediction mechanism and is validated with the experimental data obtained through the tests conducted at the Centre for Automotive and Power System Engineering (CAPSE) battery laboratories, at the University of South Wales. This approach could be used for controller development, to improve operational quality and performance with an appropriate BMS system design that makes use of the technique. To prove that the technique works in a real world system the prediction mechanism has been built into a BMS currently being developed in the CAPSE labs.