Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding Out What Works Best in the Measures Taken Against Right-Wing Extremism

As part of a larger research project about right-wing extremism and its causes and countermeasures, we assess the quality of existing evaluation studies in Switzerland, Germany, the US and other countries in order to synthesize their results. This paper is presenting the results of the meta-evaluation in the field of measures against right-wing extremism in areas as education, social work, policing and others. The meta-evaluation follows the professional evaluation standards set by the Swiss Evaluation Society (SEVAL Standards). The analysing of quality of selected evaluation studies in the field of measures against right-wing extremism allows us to assess the value of the results of these evaluations. The meta-evaluation consists systematic analysis of twelve evaluation reports. Based on these analyses, we will emphasize the conditions for success in evaluations. In addition this enables us to sketch a general picture of the current practice of evaluation of measures taken against right-wing extremism in selected countries. Moreover, this paper will present evidence about the usefulness of the SEVAL Standards in an applied setting.
Using Mainstream Game to Teach Technology through an Interest Framework

This study validates a pedagogical framework, which integrates a mainstream game to teach the technology supporting that game. Technologies in learning games can engage students and make the learning contents interesting to them. However, technologies themselves are seldom the subject of learning in the game they support. In addition, learning activities in a gaming context usually engage students temporarily in the subject. As soon as the game is over, students’ desire for learning may cease. The framework tries to achieve the transition of students’ interests from the initial interest motivated by the game to the later-developed cognitive and personal interests in the subject. Based on the framework, this study designs and experiments a practice to evaluate the proposed framework. Participants’ subjective responses show their satisfaction about the practice of learning and developing interest of the subject matter. This study not only provides a dual aspect of game technology adoption for motivating students, but also proposes a pedagogical framework for students’ lasting learning. It is expected to provide a new and valuable idea about the use of technologies and games in education.
Mixed wire and surface-wave communication fabrics for decentralized on-chip multicasting

Network-on-chip (NoC) has emerged to tackle different on-chip challenges and has satisfied different demands in terms of high performance, economical and reliable interconnect implementation. However, a merely metal-based interconnect reaches performance bound with the relentless technology scaling. Especially, it displayed a bottleneck to meet the communication bandwidth demand for multicasting. This paper proposes a novel hybrid architecture, which improves the on-chip communication bandwidth significantly using mixed wires and surface wave interconnects (SWI) fabrics. In particular, the bandwidth of multicasting can be drastically improved. We introduce a decentralized arbitration method to fully utilize the slack-time scheduling with deadlock-free flow control. Evaluation results, based on a cycle-accurate and hardware-based simulation, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and methods. Compared to a wire-based NoC, the mixed fabric approach can achieve an improvement in power reduction and communication speed up to 63% and 12X, respectively. These results are achieved with almost negligible hardware overheads. This new paradigm efficiently addresses the emerged challenges for on-chip communications.
Production of Multiple Bacteriocins from a Single Locus by Gastrointestinal Strains of Lactobacillus salivarius

ABSTRACT Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus salivarius isolates derived from a gastrointestinal origin have previously demonstrated efficacy for in vivo protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection. In this study, comparative genomic analysis was employed to investigate the intraspecies diversity of seven L. salivarius isolates of human and porcine intestinal origin, based on the genome of the well-characterized bacteriocin-producing strain L. salivarius UCC118. This revealed a highly conserved megaplasmid-borne gene cluster in these strains involved in the regulation and secretion of two-component class IIb bacteriocins. However, considerable intraspecific variation was observed in the structural genes encoding the bacteriocin peptides. They ranged from close relatives of abp118, such as salivaricin P, which differs by 2 amino acids, to completely novel bacteriocins, such as salivaricin T, which is characterized in this study. Salivaricin T inhibits closely related lactobacilli and bears little homology to previously characterized salivaricins. Interestingly, the two peptides responsible for salivaricin T activity, SalTα and SalTβ, share considerable identity with the component peptides of thermophilin 13, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus thermophilus. Furthermore, the salivaricin locus of strain DPC6488 also encodes an additional novel one-component class IId anti-listerial bacteriocin, salivaricin L. These findings suggest a high level of redundancy in the bacteriocins that can be produced by intestinal L. salivarius isolates using the same enzymatic production and export machinery. Such diversity may contribute to their ability to dominate and compete within the complex microbiota of the mammalian gut.
Evaluation of anticoagulation status for atrial fibrillation on early ischaemic stroke outcomes: a registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care in Surrey, UK

Objective The relationship of anticoagulation therapies with stroke severity and outcomes have been well documented in the literature. However, none of the previous research has reported the relationship of atrial fibrillation (AF)/anticoagulation therapies with urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia and length of stay in hyperacute stroke units (HASUs). The present study aimed to evaluate AF and anticoagulation status in relation to early outcomes in 1387 men (median age=75 years, IQR=65–83) and 1371 women (median age=83 years, IQR=74–89) admitted with acute ischaemic stroke to HASUs in Surrey between 2014 and 2016. Methods We conducted this registry-based, prospective cohort study using data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme. Association between AF anticoagulation status with severe stroke on arrival (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥16), prolonged HASU stay (>3 weeks), UTI and pneumonia within 7 days of admission, severe disability on discharge (modified Rankin Scale score=4 and 5) and inpatient mortality was assessed by logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes and previous stroke. Results Compared with patients with stroke who are free from AF, those with AF without anticoagulation had an increased adjusted risk of having more severe stroke: 5.8% versus 14.0%, OR=2.4 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.6, P<0.001), prolonged HASU stay: 21.5% versus 32.0%, OR=1.4 (1.0–2.0, P=0.027), pneumonia: 8.2% versus 19.1%, OR=2.1 (1.4–2.9, P<0.001), more severe disability: 24.2% versus 40.4%, OR=1.6 (1.2–2.1, P=0.004) and mortality: 9.3% versus 21.7%, OR=1.9 (1.4–2.8, P<0.001), and AF patients with anticoagulation also had greater risk for having UTI: 8.6% versus 12.3%, OR=1.9 (1.2–3.0, P=0.004), pneumonia: 8.2% versus 11.5%, OR=1.6 (1.1–2.4, P=0.025) and mortality: 9.7% versus 21.7%, OR=1.9 (1.4–2.8, P<0.001). The median HASU stay for stroke patients with AF without anticoagulation was 10.6 days (IQR=2.8–26.4) compared with 5.8 days (IQR=2.3–17.5) for those free from AF (P<0.001). Conclusions Patients with AF, particularly those without anticoagulation, are at increased risk of severe stroke, associated with prolonged HASU stay and increased risk of early infection, disability and mortality.
Dynamic energy-aware capacity provisioning for cloud computing environments

Data centers have recently gained significant popularity as a cost-effective platform for hosting large-scale service applications. While large data centers enjoy economies of scale by amortizing initial capital investment over large number of machines, they also incur tremendous energy cost in terms of power distribution and cooling. An effective approach for saving energy in data centers is to adjust dynamically the data center capacity by turning off unused machines. However, this dynamic capacity provisioning problem is known to be challenging as it requires a careful understanding of the resource demand characteristics as well as considerations to various cost factors, including task scheduling delay, machine reconfiguration cost and electricity price fluctuation. In this paper, we provide a control-theoretic solution to the dynamic capacity provisioning problem that minimizes the total energy cost while meeting the performance objective in terms of task scheduling delay. Specifically, we model this problem as a constrained discrete-time optimal control problem, and use Model Predictive Control (MPC) to find the optimal control policy. Through extensive analysis and simulation using real workload traces from Google's compute clusters, we show that our proposed framework can achieve significant reduction in energy cost, while maintaining an acceptable average scheduling delay for individual tasks.
Dopaminergic Regulation of Striatal Interneurons in Reward and Addiction: Focus on Alcohol

Corticobasal ganglia networks coursing through the striatum are key structures for reward-guided behaviors. The ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens (nAc)) and its reciprocal connection with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represent a primary component of the reward system, but reward-guided learning also involves the dorsal striatum and dopaminergic inputs from the substantia nigra. The majority of neurons in the striatum (>90%) are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), but both the input to and the output from these neurons are dynamically controlled by striatal interneurons. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in reward and reward-guided learning, and the physiological activity of GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons is regulated by dopaminergic transmission in a complex manner. Here we review the role of striatal interneurons in modulating striatal output during drug reward, with special emphasis on alcohol.
Building social and cultural capital through learning about equality in youth work

The changing lives of young people provided the context for the Scottish Government to publish, ‘Moving Forward – a strategy for improving young people's chances through Youth Work’. This strategy reported young peoples' aspirations to be treated equally and to know their opinions count. Contemporary theories on youth work suggested that equality was at its heart, yet little had been done to examine equality within generic youth work settings, although there was information on targeted interventions, such as youth work with Muslim young women or young black men. This article draws on a study that examined what young people learned about equality in a generic youth work setting. Theories of critical pedagogy provided a framework through which to explore how problem-posing youth work enabled young people to articulate voice and influence decisions. Youth work is argued as border pedagogy and proposed as enhancing the egalitarian nature of practices that enabled young people to interrogate their beliefs, values and identities and to act in ways that supported the development of cultural and social capitals.
The Impact of Rapid Left Ventricular Pacing during Pediatric Aortic Valvuloplasty on Postprocedural Aortic Insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine efficacy and safety of rapid left ventricular pacing (RLVP) during balloon aortic valvuloplasty and effect on development of postprocedural aortic insufficiency (AI) in children. DESIGN This is a retrospective comparison of 56 children (mean age 18.3 month; 1 day-15 years of age) who underwent valvuloplasty by using RLVP with standard method (without pacing) during same time period (74 children; mean age 12.6 month; 1 day-18 years of age). RESULTS The systolic valvular gradient decreased from a mean 67 ± 20.4 mm Hg (26-120 mm Hg) before the procedure to a mean 27.6 ± 17.8 mm Hg (0-120 mm Hg) after the procedure. Procedure failed in two of the patients (3.6%) who received the RLVP; only two patients developed severe AI. Among those patients who underwent the standard method procedure failed in 6 patients (8.3%), whereas severe AI was seen in 15 (20.2%). RLVP decreased the incidence of postprocedure severe AI significantly (P < .01) but it had no effect on the gradient reduction of the procedure (P > .05). RLVP did not change the procedure duration, but decreased the duration of fluoroscopy significantly (P < .01). CONCLUSION RLVP can be used effectively and safely for pacing during balloon aortic valvuloplasty procedures in all age groups; it decreases procedural failure rate, eases the procedure and prevents the development of AI through the stabilization of the balloon.
Clinical outcome with low-dose valacyclovir in high-risk renal transplant recipients: a 10-year experience.

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important pathogen in transplant patients, and valacyclovir (VACV) prophylaxis 8 g/day has been used in high-risk CMV-seromismatched [D+/R-] renal transplant patients to decrease CMV disease. Neurotoxic adverse effects have limited its use, and the aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate low-dose VACV prophylaxis, 3 g/day for 90 days after transplantation, in 102 D+/R- renal transplant patients. METHODS We compared patient and graft survival rates up to 5 years after transplantation with the data from the Collaborative Transplant Study Group (CTS) database. The incidence of CMV disease, rejection and neurotoxic adverse effects was analyzed up to 1 year after transplantation. RESULTS The patient and graft survival rates up to 5 years were comparable with those derived from the CTS. CMV disease was diagnosed in 25% of the patients and 2% developed tissue-invasive CMV disease. The rejection frequency was 22% and neurotoxic adverse effects were seen in 2% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose VACV prophylaxis (3 g/day) for 90 days post-transplantation results in high patient and graft survival rates and reduces the incidence of CMV disease. Neurotoxic adverse effects are minimal. We believe that low-dose VACV prophylaxis should be considered to form one of the arms in future prospective comparison studies for the prevention of CMV disease in the high-risk D+/R- population of renal transplant patients.
The Relevance of the Rorschach and Patient–Examiner Relationship in Treatment Planning and Outcome Assessment

In this era of evidence-based mental health care, traditional forms of depth-oriented psychotherapy and psychological assessment have been marginalized in graduate training in clinical psychology. As a counterpoint, this article presents the evaluation and treatment of an adolescent client, along with an outcome assessment, and illustrates ways that aspects of traditional psychological testing, including the Rorschach (Exner, 1986) and the patient–examiner relationship, can enhance psychodiagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, this case illustrates ways that test data can illuminate the concept of underlying disturbance and its utility in diagnostic formulation, treatment planning, and outcome assessment.
Granulomatous-like immune reaction and hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma haematobium immature worms

Golden hamsters were inoculated with Schistosoma haematobium cercariae to examine histological lesions at different time points over an 18 month period of infection. Hamsters were sacrificed 26 weeks and 82 weeks after inoculation. The parasite was found in the blood and in the liver of infected animals as was expected, but we found exclusively male worms, no female worms nor eggs. Interestingly we observed unexpected hepatic lesions induced by S. haematobium adult male worms alone in the golden hamster, characteristic of schistosome eggs. Samples from liver, kidneys, lungs, bladder and gastrointestinal tract were collected during necropsy to evaluate injuries induced by S. haematobium. Notably we observed hepatitis in the liver of infected hamsters, no lesions were found in other organs. We also found liver fibrosis in infected hamsters. This study provides further experimental evidence for the role that schistosome worms, and their derived antigens, may play in the pathology of the infection and modulation of liver chronic inflammation in the murine model of schistosomiasis.
Transmission of a heterologous clade C Symbiodinium in a model anemone infection system via asexual reproduction

Anemones of genus Exaiptasia are used as model organisms for the study of cnidarian-dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbiosis. However, while most reef-building corals harbor Symbiodinium of clade C, Exaiptasia spp. anemones mainly harbor clade B Symbiodinium (ITS2 type B1) populations. In this study, we reveal for the first time that bleached Exaiptasia pallida anemones can establish a symbiotic relationship with a clade C Symbiodinium (ITS2 type C1). We further found that anemones can transmit the exogenously supplied clade C Symbiodinium cells to their offspring by asexual reproduction (pedal laceration). In order to corroborate the establishment of stable symbiosis, we used microscopic techniques and genetic analyses to examine several generations of anemones, and the results of these endeavors confirmed the sustainability of the system. These findings provide a framework for understanding the differences in infection dynamics between homologous and heterologous dinoflagellate types using a model anemone infection system.
An empirical study of supplementary bug fixes

A recent study finds that errors of omission are harder for programmers to detect than errors of commission. While several change recommendation systems already exist to prevent or reduce omission errors during software development, there have been very few studies on why errors of omission occur in practice and how such errors could be prevented. In order to understand the characteristics of omission errors, this paper investigates a group of bugs that were fixed more than once in open source projects - those bugs whose initial patches were later considered incomplete and to which programmers applied supplementary patches. Our study on Eclipse JDT core, Eclipse SWT, and Mozilla shows that a significant portion of resolved bugs (22% to 33%) involves more than one fix attempt. Our manual inspection shows that the causes of omission errors are diverse, including missed porting changes, incorrect handling of conditional statements, or incomplete refactorings, etc. While many consider that missed updates to code clones often lead to omission errors, only a very small portion of supplementary patches (12% in JDT, 25% in SWT, and 9% in Mozilla) have a content similar to their initial patches. This implies that supplementary change locations cannot be predicted by code clone analysis alone. Furthermore, 14% to 15% of files in supplementary patches are beyond the scope of immediate neighbors of their initial patch locations - they did not overlap with the initial patch locations nor had direct structural dependencies on them (e.g. calls, accesses, subtyping relations, etc.). These results call for new types of omission error prevention approaches that complement existing change recommendation systems.
Arrhythmias in the Coronary Care Unit

Symptomatic sustained cardiac arrhythmias are frequently observed in in the coronary care unit and often lead to hemodynamic compromise, especially in the presence of multisystem disease. The predominant arrhythmias noted in intensive care units are tachyarrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter, and ventricular tachycardia. Bradycardias, arguably less life-threatening than tachyarrhythmias, can arise from sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular conduction block; transient vagally-mediated bradycardias are frequently encountered as well. Prompt diagnosis of the patient with tachycardia is critical as treatment depends on the accurate diagnosis of tachycardia mechanism. The electrocardiogram remains the most important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of both wide and narrow complex tachycardia. The electrocardiographic diagnosis of wide complex tachycardia is based on evaluation of atrioventricular relationship and QRS morphology while the diagnosis of narrow complex tachycardia is based on the location and morphology of P waves. It is important for critical care specialists to understand the principles of cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis and remain current with the recent advances in the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management of patients with arrhythmias.
Prevalence and type of mesiodens among 3–14-year-old children in West Bengal: An institutional study

Introduction: Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth which is most commonly located in between or palatal to the two maxillary central incisors. It is a developmental anomaly and can be single or multiple in number. The overall prevalence is reported between 0.09% and 2.05%. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal prospective study which was conducted in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry of Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital of West Bengal among 6332 children between 3 and 14 years age group. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done regarding position, morphology, malocclusion, and eruption status. Results: About 0.69% of prevalence was noted. Nearly 70.45% were found in mixed dentition, 27.27% were in permanent dentition, and 2.27% were in primary dentition. Regarding shape, 68.18% were conical, 25% were tuberculate, and 6.81% were supplemental. Regarding position, 52.27% mesiodens were found to be present palatal to maxillary dental arch, 38.63% were found on the arch, and 9.09% were found buccal to the maxillary dental arch. Malocclusion was also evaluated. Moreover, a male predominance regarding the occurrence of mesiodens was also noted. Conclusion: The present study not only depicts the prevalence of mesiodens among 3–14-year-old children in West Bengal but also it aimed to give an insight regarding their form, number, position, and axis of orientation. It also aimed to evaluate the presence of malocclusion due to mesiodens if any so that planning of treatment can be done accordingly and more effectively.