Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Radar Mapping of Surface Currents Using WERA

Abstract A dual-station high-frequency Wellen Radar (WERA), transmitting at 16.045 MHz, was deployed along the west Florida shelf in phased array mode during the summer of 2003. A 33-day, continuous time series of radial and vector surface current fields was acquired starting on 23 August ending 25 September 2003. Over a 30-min sample interval, WERA mapped coastal ocean currents over an ≈40 km × 80 km footprint with a 1.2-km horizontal resolution. A total of 1628 snapshots of the vector surface currents was acquired, with only 70 samples (4.3%) missing from the vector time series. Comparisons to subsurface measurements from two moored acoustic Doppler current profilers revealed RMS differences of 1 to 5 cm s−1 for both radial and Cartesian current components. Regression analyses indicated slopes close to unity with small biases between surface and subsurface measurements at 4-m depth in the east–west (u) and north–south (υ) components, respectively. Vector correlation coefficients were 0.9 with complex ph.
Enabling Health Monitoring Approach Based on Vibration Data for Accurate Prognostics

The performance of data-driven prognostics approaches is closely dependent on the form and trend of extracted features. Indeed, features that clearly reflect the machine degradation should lead to accurate prognostics, which is the global objective of this paper. This paper contributes a new approach for feature extraction/selection: The extraction is based on trigonometric functions and cumulative transformation, and the selection is performed by evaluating feature fitness using monotonicity and trendability characteristics. The proposition is applied to the time-frequency analysis of nonstationary signals using a discrete wavelet transform. The main idea is to map raw vibration data into monotonic features with early trends, which can be easily predicted. To show that, selected features are used to build a model with a data-driven approach, namely, the summation wavelet-extreme learning machine, that enables good balance between model accuracy and complexity. For validation and generalization purposes, the vibration data from two real applications of prognostics and health management challenges are used: (1) cutting tools from a computer numerical control machine (2010); and (2) bearings from the platform PRONOSTIA (2012). The performance of the proposed approach is thoroughly compared with the classical approach by performing feature fitness analysis, cutting-tool wear “estimation”, and bearings' “long-term prediction” tasks, which validates the proposition.
Partial Purification and Characterization of the Mode of Action of Enterocin S37: A Bacteriocin Produced by Enterococcus faecalis S37 Isolated from Poultry Feces

The aim of this research was to purify and characterize the mode of action of enterocin S37, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis S37, a strain recently isolated from the chicken feces. Enterocin S37 has a molecular weight comprised between 4 and 5 kDa. It remained active after 1 h at 80oC and at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 9.0. Furthermore, cell-free supernatant of Enterococcus faecalis S37 and purified enterocin S37 were active against Gram-positive bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes EGDe, L. innocua F, Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2, and Lactobacillus brevis F145. The purification of enterocin S37 was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed up by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography procedures. Treatment of enterocin S37 with proteinase K, α-chymotrypsin, and papain confirmed its proteinaceous nature, while its treatment with lysozyme and lipase resulted in no alteration of activity. Enterocin S37 is hydrophobic, anti-Listeria and likely acting by depletion of intracellular K+ ions upon action on KATP channels. This study contributed to gain more insights into the mode of action of enterocins.
Induction and measurement of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells and in cattle

2',5'-Oligoadenylate [2',5'-oligo(A)] was separated from 14C-labeled nucleosides produced in the 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase assay by using 100-microliters columns of Dowex 1. No detectable nucleoside remained on the column after elution with 20 column volumes of water, whereas less than 1% of oligonucleotides were eluted from the column. At least 99% of oligonucleotides were eluted from the column with 1 M NaCl, pH 2. The major product had properties consistent with 2',5'-oligo(A). Exposure to alpha-1 bovine interferon (IFN) caused an increase in cellular 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity which was proportional to the concentration of IFN in the medium up to 10(4) U of IFN per ml and then leveled off at about 15 X control activity. Under the assay conditions used, 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity was directly proportional to the amount of cell extract over a 10-fold range. Cattle inoculated with IBR/BVD/PI-3 modified live virus vaccine showed an increase in 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes which persisted for at least 3 days postvaccination. Intramuscular injection of cattle with IFN caused a similar increase in 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity. Changes in 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity should be of value in (i) assessing the response of cattle to experimental viral infections or inoculations with viral vaccines or IFN or (ii) indicating a possible viral etiology in disease.
Breast contour detection with shape priors

Breast cancer conservative treatment (BCCT) is considered the gold standard of breast cancer treatment. However, aesthetic results are heterogeneous and difficult to evaluate in a standardised way. The limited reproducibility of subjective aesthetic evaluation in BCCT forced the research on objective methods. A recent computer system was developed to objectively and automatically evaluate the aesthetic result of BCCT. In this system, the detection of the breast contour on the digital photograph of the patient is necessary to extract the features subsequently used in the evaluation process. In this paper we extend an algorithm based on the shortest path on a graph to detect automatically the breast contour. The advantage of graph algorithms is that they are guaranteed to find the global optimum of the problem; the difficulty is that they make it hard to enforce shape constraints. We define and compare different techniques to introduce the a priory knowledge of the mammary contour. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques consistently outperform the base method.
Tutelage and Collaboration for Humanoid Robots

This paper presents an overview of our work towards building socially intelligent, cooperative humanoid robots that can work and learn in partnership with people. People understand each other in social terms, allowing them to engage others in a variety of complex social interactions including communication, social learning, and cooperation. We present our theoretical framework that is a novel combination of Joint Intention Theory and Situated Learning Theory and demonstrate how this framework can be applied to develop our sociable humanoid robot, Leonardo. We demonstrate the robot's ability to learn quickly and effectively from natural human instruction using gesture and dialog, and then cooperate to perform a learned task jointly with a person. Such issues must be addressed to enable many new and exciting applications for robots that require them to play a long-term role in people's daily lives.
Discovering Frequent Structures using Summaries

We study the problem of finding frequent structures in semistructured data (represented as a directed labeled graph). Frequent structures are graphs that are isomorphic to a large number of subgraphs in the data graph. Frequent structures form building blocks for visual exploration and data mining of semistructured data. We overcome the inherent computational complexity of the problem by using a summary data structure to prune the search space and to provide interactive feedback. We present an experimental study of our methods operating on real datasets. The implementation of our methods (which is freely available) is capable of operating on datasets that are two to three orders of magnitude larger than those described in prior work.
Delayed early proprioceptive information processing in schizophrenia

Summary It was first suggested that disordered proprioception was a core feature of schizophrenia by Sandor Rado in 1953. Using a recently designed proprioceptive event-related potential paradigm based on a change of load, we studied 12 unmedicated male out-patients with schizophrenia and 24 controls. In the patients, the early contralateral parietal activity was delayed and later central activity had increased amplitude, but gating was unaffected. The results could be understood within the ‘deficiency of corollary discharge’ model of schizophrenia but not within the ‘filtering’ theory. Further studies, including psychiatric controls, are necessary to verify the specificity of the abnormality.
Assessment of airway length of Korean adults and children for otolaryngology and ophthalmic surgery using a fiberoptic bronchoscope

Background Knowledge regarding normal upper airway anatomy is essential for airway management and is required to prevent malpositioning of endotracheal tubes. We evaluated the length of the upper airway in Korean children and adults who had no abnormality of the upper airway using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Methods Eighty seven patients aged 5 to 81 years undergoing noninvasive elective surgery were included in this study. After induction of anesthesia was complete, we measured the distance from the upper incisor to various components of the upper airway by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Results In adults, the mean length between the upper incisor and midtrachea was found to be 21.8 ± 1.8 cm in males and 19.9 ± 1.3 cm in females, while the mean length of the trachea was 10.1 ± 1.3 cm in males and 10.3 ± 1.6 cm in females. The length between the upper incisor and midtrachea (IT) were correlated with height both in children (IT [cm] = 2.531 + 0.109 × height [cm]) and adults (IT [cm] = 0.167 + 0.127 × height [cm]), which shows that they differ from the western standard (length of tube [cm] = 5 + 0.1 × height [cm]). Conclusions In adults and children, the length from the incisor to the midtrachea was significantly different when compared with western standards. Therefore, re-evaluation of the proper and precise depth of endotracheal tube in Koreans should be considered.
Genomic Structure of an Economically Important Cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39

A filamentous non-N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, is an important organism for industrial applications and as a food supply. Almost the complete genome of A. platensis NIES-39 was determined in this study. The genome structure of A. platensis is estimated to be a single, circular chromosome of 6.8 Mb, based on optical mapping. Annotation of this 6.7 Mb sequence yielded 6630 protein-coding genes as well as two sets of rRNA genes and 40 tRNA genes. Of the protein-coding genes, 78% are similar to those of other organisms; the remaining 22% are currently unknown. A total 612 kb of the genome comprise group II introns, insertion sequences and some repetitive elements. Group I introns are located in a protein-coding region. Abundant restriction-modification systems were determined. Unique features in the gene composition were noted, particularly in a large number of genes for adenylate cyclase and haemolysin-like Ca2+-binding proteins and in chemotaxis proteins. Filament-specific genes were highlighted by comparative genomic analysis.
Are There Orthographic Impairments in Phonological Dyslexia?

Two hypotheses have been advanced concerning the basis of acquired phonological dyslexia. According to the dual-route model, the pattern derives from impaired grapheme-phoneme conversion. According to the phonological impairment hypothesis, it derives from impaired representation and use of phonology. Effects of graphemic complexity and visual similarity observed in studies by Howard and Best (1996), orthographic effects on phoneme counting (Berndt, Haendiges, Mitchum, & Wayland, 1996), and data from patient LB (Derouesné & Beauvois, 1985) have been taken as evidence for an orthographic impairment in phonological dyslexia and therefore against the impaired phonology hypothesis (Coltheart, 1996). We present a computational simulation, results of two behavioral studies, and a critical analysis of the MJ and LB data, which suggest that the "orthographic" deficits in such patients arise from phonological impairments that interact with orthographic properties of stimuli.
Herbal infusions as a source of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper in human nutrition

The study material consisted of five herbs: chamomile (flowers), mint (leaves), St John's wort (flowers and leaves), sage (leaves) and nettle (leaves), sourced from three producers. The calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper contents were determined for both dried herb samples and prepared infusions, and the extraction rates were calculated. Mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Analysis showed that the contents of individual elements in herbs and infusions depended on the type of raw material, as well as on its origin. Moreover, it was found that iron penetrated the herbal infusions to the lowest degree (4.4–12.4%), while copper did so to the highest (26.7–50.7%). It is felt that in average consumption the herbal infusions are not important as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper sources in human nutrition.
Effects of evacuation in late adulthood: analyzing psychosocial well-being in three cluster groups of Finnish evacuees and non-evacuees

Objectives: We studied the long-term effects of early separation among aging Finnish evacuees and non-evacuees. A broad set of outcome variables reflecting the psychosocial well-being of both groups in 2005 was analyzed. The role of resilience was also analyzed.Method: To identify persons with similar patterns of psychosocial well-being among both evacuated (n = 887) and non-evacuated persons (n = 1748), a cluster analysis was conducted, using the mixture model of latent class analysis/latent profile analysis method. The psychosocial well-being of the evacuees and non-evacuees in 2005 was predicted by multinomial logistic regression analysis, with the nominal cluster variable as the dependent variable.Results: Although the evacuees had experienced early separation trauma, they were not faring worse than the non-evacuees regarding psychosocial well-being in 2005. Favorable rearing home circumstances are a protective factor during the entire life span, when the psychosocial well-being of both groups was predicted in 2005. Sense of coherence was a significant predictor of psychosocial well-being. To rejoin the rearing family was stressful for many evacuees.Conclusion: The results show that even long-term separation from one's parents during childhood must be understood as representing a developmental context which makes the emergence of problems either less likely or more likely, depending on other risk and protective factors in both the rearing home and the foster family. After the war, when the evacuees returned home the families should have received help and support to amend the reunion.
KNOWLEDGE , ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING ANAPHYLAXIS AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS Running Title : Awareness on Anaphylaxis among dental students

Background:Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction.The most common anaphylactic reactions are to food, insect stings, medications and latex.Anaphylaxis is the result of E-mediated mast cell degranulation.Incase of any allergy, our immune system overreacts to this allergen by releasing chemicals that cause allergy symptoms such as rashes, wheezing etc.Anaphylactic reactions due to local anaesthetics and associated agents used during dental procedures are more common.
Exploring the value of online product reviews in forecasting sales: The case of motion pictures

The growing popularity of online product review forums invites the development of models and metrics that allow firms to harness these new sources of information for decision support. Our work contributes in this direction by proposing a novel family of diffusion models that capture some of the unique aspects of the entertainment industry and testing their performance in the context of very early postrelease motion picture revenue forecasting. We show that the addition of online product review metrics to a benchmark model that includes prerelease marketing, theater availability and professional critic reviews substantially increases its forecasting accuracy; the forecasting accuracy of our best model outperforms that of several previously published models. In addition to its contributions in diffusion theory, our study reconciles some inconsistencies among previous studies with respect to what online review metrics are statistically significant in forecasting entertainment good sales.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among dentists practicing in Bangalore city – A cross-sectional survey

Background: Hand hygiene in dental practice is one of the most important parts of the infection control process to reduce the risk of transmitting microorganisms from provider to patient. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hand Hygiene (HH) guidelines were published more than 5 years ago. The extent to which dental practitioners are aware of it and the extent to which alcohol-based hand sanitizers are used by dental practitioners are unknown. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the practice of HH among dentists in Bangalore city. The objectives of the study were to assess knowledge and attitudes among dentists with regard to HH in Bangalore city. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 dentists from the registry of dental care facility, Bangalore, were selected for this study. The data were collected by administering a specially designed proforma. Results: 51% of the dental practitioners use soap and water for HH frequently and 44.6% use alcohol-based hand sanitizers for HH frequently. Also, 53.4% were aware of the CDC HH guideline. One-third of the dental practitioners indicated that they have limited/moderate knowledge of the CDC HH guideline. Conclusion: Most dental practitioners use soap and water for HH frequently, and a smaller number of dental practitioners use alcohol-based hand sanitizers for HH frequently. The knowledge of the CDC HH guidelines needs to be improved.
Overview of genetic research in anorexia nervosa: The past, the present and the future.

BACKGROUND Even though the evidence supporting the presence of a heritable component in the aetiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is strong, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. The recent publication of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN (Boraska, Mol Psychiatry, 2014) was an important step in genetic research in AN. OBJECTIVE To briefly sum up strengths and weaknesses of candidate-gene and genome-wide approaches, to discuss the genome-wide association studies of AN and to make predictions about the genetic architecture of AN by comparing it to that of schizophrenia (since the diseases share some similarities and genetic research in schizophrenia is more advanced). METHOD Descriptive literature review. RESULTS Despite remarkable efforts, the gene-association studies in AN did not advance our knowledge as much as had been hoped, although some results still await replication. DISCUSSION Continuous effort of participants, clinicians and researchers remains necessary to ensure that genetic research in AN follows a similarly successful path as in schizophrenia. Identification of genetic susceptibility loci provides a basis for follow-up studies.
Economic Theory and Experimental Economics

This paper explores the questions of how economic theory can be used to design and interpret experiments and how experimental results can be used to construct and interpret economic theories. The relationship between economic theory and experiments is modeled and illustrated with examples from both theoretical and experimental work. The emphasis is on combing theory and experiment to the benefit of both.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Comfortable Speed as a Measure of Gait Performance in Patients Undergoing Inpatient Rehabilitation after Stroke

[Purpose] The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the minimal clinically important difference for comfortable gait speed for patients with stroke. [Subjects] Data were analyzed from 35 patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. [Methods] Two characteristics of gait were measured, assistance required and comfortable gait speed. Patients were grouped as either experiencing or not experiencing a decrease of 2 or more levels of assistance required over the course of rehabilitation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the change in gait speed that best differentiated between patients who did and did not experience the requisite decrease in assistance required for gait. [Results] Twenty-one patients decreased 2 or more levels of assistance whereas 14 did not. Walking speed increased significantly more in the group who experienced a decrease in assistance of at least 2 levels. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a change in walking speed of 0.13 m/s best distinguished between patients who did versus did not experience a reduction in assistance required. [Conclusion] An improvement in gait speed of 0.13 m/s or more is clinically important in patients with stroke.
Multistable Architected Materials for Trapping Elastic Strain Energy

3D printing and numerical analysis are combined to design a new class of architected materials that contain bistable beam elements and exhibit controlled trapping of elastic energy. The proposed energy-absorbing structures are reusable. Moreover, the mechanism of energy absorption stems solely from the structural geometry of the printed beam elements, and is therefore both material- and loading-rate independent.
Skin lesion metrics: role of photography in acne

Accurate assessment of acne severity is essential for determining the appropriate treatment required. This paper reviews photographic methods for such assessment. Literature included met the following criteria: proposed photographic standards to assess acne, evaluated such standards, or offered photographic methods to improve visualization and assessment. Validity was evaluated by comparing given photographic grading methods to other methods, such as lesion counting. Many photographic standards were shown to be objective, time-efficient, and have intra-grader and inter-grader consistency. Photography also documents progress for retrospective verification. Drawbacks include not allowing determination of depth, minimization of small lesions and erythema, and difficulty in maintaining consistent settings. Fluorescence and polarized photography improve visualization beyond clinical observation alone. Advances such as computer alignment, imaging segmentation, and three-dimensional analysis methods track lesions and measure objective characteristics. The combined experience summarized here strongly promotes the use of a photographic standard in assessing acne severity. Cook's method can also be used to train and qualify graders. Photographic advancements improve accuracy of assessment by solving problems with consistent settings and depth visualization. Further advancements can improve image analysis through analysis of objective attributes.