Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Catholic mass in Kigali: contested views of the genocide and ethnicity in Rwanda.

ResumeLe 1 octobre 1994, un Hutu, le ministre de la Justice du gouvernement rwandais domine par le FPR, a souhaite qu’une messe soit celebree pour commemorer le genocide qui a eu lieu six mois auparavant. Le gouvernement a ignore sa suggestion pour plutot celebrer l’accession du FPR au pouvoir. Une initiative hutu pour commemorer l’extermination, dont les victimes etaient en majorite des Tutsi a ete ignoree par un gouvernement controle par des Tutsi. Du point de vue des relations inter ethniques, il se pose alors une importante question: etait-ce le signe d’assouplissement des frontieres entre les ethnies; un Hutu prenant l’initiative de commemorer l’extermination dont surtout les Tutsi ont ete victimes? S’agit-il, au contraire, d’un renforcement des frontieres ethniques, puisque un gouvernement domine par des Tutsi a rejete la proposition d’un Hutu? Cet article explore les ambiguites de l’ethnicite lors du genocide en situant les faits dans le contexte des evenements qui l’ont precede — le contexte qui a.
Association between phospholipase C epsilon gene (PLCE1) polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population

Objective To investigate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism rs2274223 (adenine [A] to guanine [G]) in the phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) gene and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphism was genotyped in patients with CRC and age- and sex-matched cancer-free control subjects from a Chinese population in a case–control study. PLCE1 mRNA levels in pair-matched tumour and adjacent noncancerous tissue were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 417 patients with CRC and 416 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The AG and GG genotypes of PLCE1 rs2274223 were associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC (for AG + GG versus AA: adjusted odds ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.00). PLCE1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in tumours than in adjacent noncancerous tissue. Lower levels of PLCE1 mRNA were observed in both AG and GG genotype carriers compared with the AA genotype carriers. Conclusions These results indicate that the PLCE1 rs2274223 A > G change might reduce gene expression and that the variant G genotype might contribute to the increased risk of CRC.
Brazzein a small, sweet protein: discovery and physiological overview.

, 1968; Kurihara and Beidler, 1968) amol. wt of 24 600.The search for sweeteners was no longer limited to small moleculesand resulted within a few years in the discovery of monellin andthaumatin (Morris and Cagan, 1972; van der Wel and Loeve, 1972). Later, mabinlin and curculin were discovered (Hu and He, 1983;Yamashita
Python predictive analysis for bug detection

Python is a popular dynamic language that allows quick software development. However, Python program analysis engines are largely lacking. In this paper, we present a Python predictive analysis. It first collects the trace of an execution, and then encodes the trace and unexecuted branches to symbolic constraints. Symbolic variables are introduced to denote input values, their dynamic types, and attribute sets, to reason about their variations. Solving the constraints identifies bugs and their triggering inputs. Our evaluation shows that the technique is highly effective in analyzing real-world complex programs with a lot of dynamic features and external library calls, due to its sophisticated encoding design based on traces. It identifies 46 bugs from 11 real-world projects, with 16 new bugs. All reported bugs are true positives.
No association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to Behçet disease

Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of T lymphocytes and has been shown to be associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. The present study was performed to assess the association between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and Behçet disease (BD) in Chinese patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight BD patients and 207 controls were analysed for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−1661A/G, −318C/T, +49G/A and CT60G/A) in the CTLA-4 gene by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The association between SNP +49A/G and BD in Chinese population as well as other ethnic groups was analysed by meta-analysis. Results: No association could be detected between CTLA-4 SNPs or haplotypes and BD. Also, no association was observed between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and BD subgroups, stratified by clinical features. A meta-analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity between studies (p = 0.60, I2 = 0%) and that CTLA-4 SNP +49 was not associated with BD (overall effect: Z = 0.26, p = 0.79). Conclusion: This study and a meta-analysis failed to demonstrate any association between the tested CTLA-4 polymorphisms and BD.
Chronic Administration of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog, Liraglutide, Delays the Onset of Diabetes and Lowers Triglycerides in UCD-T2DM Rats

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, to prevent or delay diabetes in UCD-T2DM rats, a model of polygenic obese type 2 diabetes, was investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At 2 months of age, male rats were divided into three groups: control, food-restricted, and liraglutide. Animals received liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle injections twice daily. Restricted rats were food restricted to equalize body weights to liraglutide-treated rats. Half of the animals were followed until diabetes onset, whereas the other half of the animals were killed at 6.5 months of age for tissue collection. RESULTS Before diabetes onset energy intake, body weight, adiposity, and liver triglyceride content were higher in control animals compared with restricted and liraglutide-treated rats. Energy-restricted animals had lower food intake than liraglutide-treated animals to maintain the same body weights, suggesting that liraglutide increases energy expenditure. Liraglutide treatment delayed diabetes onset by 4.1 ± 0.8 months compared with control (P < 0.0001) and by 1.3 ± 0.8 months compared with restricted animals (P < 0.05). Up to 6 months of age, energy restriction and liraglutide treatment lowered fasting plasma glucose and A1C concentrations compared with control animals. In contrast, liraglutide-treated animals exhibited lower fasting plasma insulin, glucagon, and triglycerides compared with both control and restricted animals. Furthermore, energy-restricted and liraglutide-treated animals exhibited more normal islet morphology. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide treatment delays the development of diabetes in UCD-T2DM rats by reducing energy intake and body weight, and by improving insulin sensitivity, improving lipid profiles, and maintaining islet morphology.
Job Security at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences: Implications on Employees and Types of Contracts

Introduction: Medical universities are of those organizations that serve many individuals. As a result, the employees who work at medical universities should have adequate job qualifications and requisite conditions for work. Job security is one of these needed conditions. The current study aims to determine the main components of job security among the employees of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). Method and materials: The study had a cross-sectional design. The sample included 300 employees which were selected from the faculties of IUMS. The sample was recruited using quota sampling. First, demographic and Job security questionnaires were completed by each employee. Then, data was analyzed by descriptive methods and ANOVA in SPSS16. Results: The study results showed that there was no significant difference among five subscales of Job security questionnaire and as a result, job security among the employees of IUMS but there was a significant difference in job security among male and female employees and a significant difference in job security based on type of job contract. Discussion: Lower rate of job security among female employees with temporary job contracts has professional and psychological implication for both females and IUMS which should be considered in designing professional programs of IUMS.
The Neural Correlates of Consciousness

This review examines recent advances in the study of brain correlates of consciousness. First, we briefly discuss some useful distinctions between consciousness and other brain functions. We then examine what has been learned by studying global changes in the level of consciousness, such as sleep, anesthesia, and seizures. Next we consider some of the most common paradigms used to study the neural correlates for specific conscious percepts and examine what recent findings say about the role of different brain regions in giving rise to consciousness for that percept. Then we discuss dynamic aspects of neural activity, such as sustained versus phasic activity, feedforward versus reentrant activity, and the role of neural synchronization. Finally, we briefly consider how a theoretical analysis of the fundamental properties of consciousness can usefully complement neurobiological studies.
Expression Atlas: gene and protein expression across multiple studies and organisms

Abstract Expression Atlas (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa) is an added value database that provides information about gene and protein expression in different species and contexts, such as tissue, developmental stage, disease or cell type. The available public and controlled access data sets from different sources are curated and re-analysed using standardized, open source pipelines and made available for queries, download and visualization. As of August 2017, Expression Atlas holds data from 3,126 studies across 33 different species, including 731 from plants. Data from large-scale RNA sequencing studies including Blueprint, PCAWG, ENCODE, GTEx and HipSci can be visualized next to each other. In Expression Atlas, users can query genes or gene-sets of interest and explore their expression across or within species, tissues, developmental stages in a constitutive or differential context, representing the effects of diseases, conditions or experimental interventions. All processed data matrices are available for direct download in tab-delimited format or as R-data. In addition to the web interface, data sets can now be searched and downloaded through the Expression Atlas R package. Novel features and visualizations include the on-the-fly analysis of gene set overlaps and the option to view gene co-expression in experiments investigating constitutive gene expression across tissues or other conditions.
Inferring operational requirements from scenarios and goal models using inductive learning

Goal orientation is an increasingly recognised Requirements Engineering paradigm. However, integration of goal modelling with operational models remains an open area for which the few techniques that exist are cumbersome and impractical. In particular, the derivation of operational models and operational requirements from goals is a manual and tedious task which is, currently, only partially supported by operationalisation patterns. In this position paper we propose a framework for supporting such tasks by combining model checking and machine learning. As a proof of concept we instantiate the framework to show that progress checks and inductive learning can be used to infer preconditions and hence to support derivation of operational models.
Plasticity of Neuron-Glial Interactions Mediated by Astrocytic EphARs

Ephrin (Eph) signaling via Eph receptors affects neuronal structure and function. We report here that exogenous ephrinAs (EphAs) induce outgrowth of filopodial processes from astrocytes within minutes in rat hippocampal slice cultures. Identical effects were induced by release of endogenous ephrinAs by cleavage of their glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Reverse transcription-PCR and immunocytochemistry revealed the expression of multiple EphA receptors (EphARs) in astrocytes. Exogenous and endogenous ephrins did not induce process outgrowth from astrocytes transfected with a kinase-dead EphAR construct, indicating that the critical EphARs were located on glia. Concomitant with these morphological changes, ephrinA reduced the frequency of (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine-evoked NMDA receptor-mediated inward currents in CA1 pyramidal cells, elicited by release of glutamate from glial cells. The sensitivity of CA1 cell synaptic or extrasynaptic NMDA receptors was unaffected by ephrinA, indicating that this effect was mediated by inhibition of glutamate release from glial cells. Finally, ephrinA application decreased the frequency and increased the duration of spontaneous oscillations of the intracellular [Ca2+] in astrocytes. We conclude that ephrinA–EphA signaling is a pluripotent regulator of neuron–astrocyte interactions mediating rapid structural and functional plasticity.
Comparison of depression, anxiety, general mental health and self- esteem among prisoners in consultancy and ordinary wings

Introduction: The prison environment is a potential major stressful factor in formation or aggravation of mental problems so this study aimed to evaluate the mental health indexes among prisoners in consultancy and ordinary wings of Central Mashhad Jail. Materials and Methods: All of the prisoners in the ordinary and counseling wings of Mashhad Jail in 2012 comprise the statistical community of this descriptive study. 300 prisoners (equally number among prisoners who jail in ordinary and counseling wings) selected randomly. Research instruments include: Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire, Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and Personal Characteristics Form. Data analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistic indexes (comparison of independent means, variants analysis and regression analysis) and SPSS software. Results: The anxiety and depression levels are lower among counseling group significantly (P<0.001) and this group had higher levels of general mental health and self-esteem (P<0.001). Self-esteem was the only variable that had a positive relation with the type of crime. Â Inmates charged with theft and disorderly conduct had a higher level of self-esteem than others. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it seems that the counseling interventions in jails can improve the mental health indexes such as depression, anxiety, general mental health and self-esteem among prisoners.
Detection of Non-PCR Amplified S. enteritidis Genomic DNA from Food Matrices Using a Gold-Nanoparticle DNA Biosensor: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Bacterial pathogens pose an increasing food safety and bioterrorism concern. Current DNA detection methods utilizing sensitive nanotechnology and biosensors have shown excellent detection, but require expensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA targets; thus, a faster, more economical method is still essential. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the ability of a gold nanoparticle-DNA (AuNP-DNA) biosensor to detect non-PCR amplified genomic Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) DNA, from pure or mixed bacterial culture and spiked liquid matrices. Non-PCR amplified DNA was hybridized into sandwich-like structures (magnetic nanoparticles/DNA/AuNPs) and analyzed through detection of gold voltammetric peaks using differential pulse voltammetry. Our preliminary data indicate that non-PCR amplified genomic DNA can be detected at a concentration as low as 100 ng/mL from bacterial cultures and spiked liquid matrices, similar to reported PCR amplified detection levels. These findings also suggest that AuNP-DNA biosensors are a first step towards a viable detection method of bacterial pathogens, in particular, for resource-limited settings, such as field-based or economically limited conditions. Future efforts will focus on further optimization of the DNA extraction method and AuNP-biosensors, to increase sensitivity at lower DNA target concentrations from food matrices comparable to PCR amplified DNA detection strategies.
Aggregating Causal Judgments

Decision making typically requires judgments about causal relations: we need to know the causal effects of our actions and the causal relevance of various environmental factors. We investigate how several individuals’ causal judgments can be aggregated into collective causal judgments. First, we consider the aggregation of causal judgments via the aggregation of probabilistic judgments and identify the limitations of this approach. We then explore the possibility of aggregating causal judgments independently of probabilistic ones. Formally, we introduce the problem of causal-network aggregation. Finally, we revisit the aggregation of probabilistic judgments when this is constrained by prior aggregation of qualitative causal judgments.
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in lymphoma patients

Lymphoma patients treated with autologous transplantation (ASCT) live an increasingly long life with the recent advancement in therapeutic modalities. This has resulted in an increase in the incidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), which is one of the leading causes of non-relapse mortality. Several observational studies have linked the development of t-MN after ASCT with the intensity and frequency of chemotherapy, particularly alkylating agents, use of total body irradiation (TBI), and peripheral blood progenitor cells. In addition, role of genetic factors is increasingly being identified. It is postulated that the use of chemotherapy prior to ASCT results in DNA damage of progenitor cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered gene expression related to DNA repair, metabolism as well as hematopoietic regulation. Cytogenetic studies have shown the presence of abnormalities in the peripheral blood progenitor cells prior to ASCT. It is, therefore, likely that the reinfusion of peripheral blood progenitor cells, proliferative stress on infused progenitor cells during hematopoietic regeneration and associated telomere shortening ultimately result in clonal hematopoiesis and blastic transformation. Cytopenias, myelodysplasia, or cytogenetic abnormalities are common and can be transient after ASCT; therefore, only when present together, they do confirm the diagnosis of t-MN. Attempts to reduce the occurrence of t-MN should be directed toward minimizing the exposure to the identified risk factors. Although the median survival is few months to less than a year, studies have shown the promising role of allogeneic transplantation in select young t-MN patients without high-risk cytogenetics. In this review we will explain the recent findings in the field of t-MN in lymphoma patients that have implications for identifying the molecular and genetic mechanisms of leukemogenesis and discuss potential strategies to reduce the risk of t-MN in this patient population.
Sublethal Effects of Profenofos on Locomotor Behavior and Gill Architecture of the Mosquito Fish,Gambusia affinis

Subacute studies of profenofos on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, were carried out for 20 days to assess the locomotor behavior and structural integrity of gill in relation to bioaccumulation and targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7). The sublethal concentration of 0.13 mg/L (1/5 of LC50) altered locomotor behavior such as distance traveled and swimming speed in exposed fish. This could be due to inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and deformities in the primary and secondary lamella of gill. The bioaccumulation values indicated that the accumulation of profenofos was highest in viscera followed by head and body. The average bioconcentration factor values are 254.83, 6.18, and 2.52 μg/g for viscera, head, and body. The findings revealed that profenofos is highly toxic even at sublethal concentrations to the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis.
Knitted Cotton Fabric from Treated Yarn

mers [3] because of its superior handle and shrink and flame resistance. Incorporation of a suitable fluorocarbon in the Zirpro treatment introduces water and oil repellency and protection against petrol and dangerous chemical splashes. These fully washable multipurpose finishes are being commercially exploited for wool protective clothing against flame and heat (e.g., firefighters, riot police, etc.).
Gender based variation in cognitive functions in adolescent subjects

Background Cognition can be defined as all mental activities that are involved in acquisition, processing, storage and retrieval of information. Purpose There is paucity of the data related to cognitive function amongst healthy adolescent age group which limits our ability to distinguish and compare cognitive changes that occur across the adult lifespan in female and male subjects separately and can provide some help to understand dementia related conditions. Methods Cognitive function was assessed in 100 healthy subjects of each sex of 17–20 years by using ‘Montreal Cognition Assessment Test’, a 10 minutes: 30-points test which is used in assessing a wide range of cognitive abilities on 7 subscales : 1) Visuospatial Skills, 2) Language, 3) Memory, 4) Attention, 5) Mathematical ability, 6) Abstraction, and 7) Orientation. Results Overall score (Male: 25.16 ± 1.8, Female: 25.72 ± 1.8) of cognition functions was statistically significantly higher in female adolescents (p=<0.02). However male subjects showed higher score in Mathematical ability. Conclusion There are variations in the cognitive functions in male and female individuals and neuroanatomical and physiological differences contribute to these variations.
ression of murine STF-1 , a putative i of pancreas , duodenal epithelium a ocrine progenitors during ontogeny

Endocrine cells of the adult pancreas are organized into the islets of Langerhans, which are scattered throughout the exocrine tissue. There are four major islet cell types: α, β, ∂ and PP cells that synthesize glucagon (GLU), insulin (IN), somatostatin (SOM) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), as their principal differentiated hormone products. In addition to the four hormones, islet cells synthesize several neuronal-specific markers such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuronal specific enolase (Alpert et al., 1988 and references therein). The mammalian pancreas develops by fusion of dorsal and ventral primordia that appear as evaginations of the gut. The first differentiated pancreatic cells appear in the endodermal layer of the gut in embryos of about 20 somites, corresponding to day 9.5 of development (E9.5) in mouse and E10.5 in the rat (Wessels and Evans, 1968; Pictet and Rutter, 1972; Kaufman, 1992). The two primitive glands grow independently, forming both endocrine and exocrine tissues, and finally merge at E10.5 in mouse and E11.5 in rat (Pictet and Rut precur cell rine exocrine compartment of the pancreas, the origin of these cell types from common endodermal precursors has been c troversial and it was hypothesized that islet cells were neu crest derivatives (Pearse, 1977). Previous studies suggest that all four islet cell types a from common multipotent precursors that coexpress sev hormones and neural markers when they first different (Alpert et al., 1988; De Krieger et al., 1992; Lukinius et 1992). As these stem cells mature, their antigenic reperto becomes restricted to a single hormone (Alpert et al., 198 Cells coexpressing GLU and insulin C-peptide (IN C-P) fi appear in primordial pancreas at E9.5. The number of GLU+ cells decreases during gestation and, by E14.5, a nificant number of cells express only one hormone. Cells c taining SOM and PP first differentiate at E14.5 and postn day 1 (P1) respectively, Each of these cell types also express IN and GLU when they first appear (Alpert et 1988). Co-expression of several polypeptide hormones is a Developm Printed in