Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
microRNA-203 suppresses invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction via targeting NUAK1 in head and neck cancer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high capacity for invasion. To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate HNSCC invasion, we compared miRNA expression profiles between a parent HNSCC cell line and a highly invasive clone. The miR-200 family and miR-203 were downregulated in the clone. Here we focused on the role of miR-203 in invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction in HNSCC. miR-203 was downregulated during EMT induction. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of miR-203 suppressed the invasion and induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in HNSCC cells. Interestingly, we identified NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (NUAK1) as a novel target gene of miR-203 by cyclopedic analysis using anti-Ago2 antibody. Increased expression of NUAK1 was observed during EMT induction, and ectopic expression of miR-203 delayed EMT induction by suppressing NUAK1 expression. Moreover, NUAK1 overexpression promoted the invasion of HNSCC cells. Importantly, NUAK1 expression was well correlated with poor differentiation, invasiveness, and lymph node metastasis in HNSCC cases. Overall, miR-203 has a tumor-suppressing role in invasion and EMT induction by targeting NUAK1 in HNSCC, suggesting miR-203 as a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
‘Citizens of the region’: Party conceptions of regional citizenship and immigrant integration

Citizenship is usually regarded as the exclusive domain of the state. However, changes to the structure of states resulting from decentralisation and globalisation have required a re-conceptualisation of citizenship, as authority is dispersed, identities multiply and political entitlements vary across territorial levels. Decentralisation has endowed regions with control over a wide range of areas relating to welfare entitlements, education and cultural integration that were once controlled by the state. This has created a new form of ‘regional citizenship’ based on rights, participation and membership at the regional level. The question of who does or does not belong to a region has become a highly politicised question. In particular, this article examines stateless nationalist and regionalist parties' (SNRPs) conceptions of citizenship and immigration. Given that citizenship marks a distinction between members and outsiders of a political community, immigration is a key tool for deciding who is allowed to become a citizen. Case study findings on Scotland, Quebec and Catalonia reveal that although SNRPs have advocated civic definitions of the region and welcome immigration as a tool to increase the regional population, some parties have also levied certain conditions on immigrants' full participation in the regional society and political life as a means to protect the minority culture of the region.
The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Two patients in whom both the neurological examination and electromyography (EMG) were normal prior to the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are reported. In each patient, the onset of ALS some 18 months later was clearly defined clinically and confirmed by subsequent EMG studies. These unique observations show that ALS commences at a defined time, and that there is early generalisation with an initial phase of rapid progression.
Molecular layer perforant path-associated cells contribute to feed-forward inhibition in the adult dentate gyrus

New neurons, which have been implicated in pattern separation, are continually generated in the dentate gyrus in the adult hippocampus. Using a genetically modified rabies virus, we demonstrated that molecular layer perforant pathway (MOPP) cells innervated newborn granule neurons in adult mouse brain. Stimulating the perforant pathway resulted in the activation of MOPP cells before the activation of dentate granule neurons. Moreover, activation of MOPP cells by focal uncaging of glutamate induced strong inhibition of granule cells. Together, these results indicate that MOPP cells located in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus contribute to feed-forward inhibition of granule cells via perforant pathway activation.
Creation of highly aligned electrospun poly-L-lactic acid fibers for nerve regeneration applications

Aligned, electrospun polymer fibers have shown considerable promise in directing regenerating axons in vitro and in vivo. However, in several studies, final electrospinning parameters are presented for producing aligned fiber scaffolds, and alignment where minimal fiber crossing occurs is not achieved. Highly aligned species are necessary for neural tissue engineering applications to ensure that axonal extension occurs through a regenerating environment efficiently. Axonal outgrowth on fibers that deviate from the natural axis of growth may delay axonal extension from one end of a scaffold to the other. Therefore, producing aligned fiber scaffolds with little fiber crossing is essential. In this study, the contributions of four electrospinning parameters (collection disk rotation speed, needle size, needle tip shape and syringe pump flow rate) were investigated thoroughly with the goal of finding parameters to obtain highly aligned electrospun fibers made from poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). Using an 8 wt% PLLA solution in chloroform, a collection disk rotation speed of 1000 revolutions per minute (rpm), a 22 gauge, sharp-tip needle and a syringe pump rate of 2 ml h−1 produced highly aligned fiber (1.2–1.6 µm in diameter) scaffolds verified using a fast Fourier transform and a fiber alignment quantification technique. Additionally, the application of an insulating sheath around the needle tip improved the rate of fiber deposition (electrospinning efficiency). Optimized scaffolds were then evaluated in vitro using embryonic stage nine (E9) chick dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and rat Schwann cells (SCs). To demonstrate the importance of creating highly aligned scaffolds to direct neurite outgrowth, scaffolds were created that contained crossing fibers. Neurites on these scaffolds were directed down the axis of the aligned fibers, but neurites also grew along the crossed fibers. At times, these crossed fibers even stopped further axonal extension. Highly aligned PLLA fibers generated under optimized electrospinning conditions guided neurite and SC growth along the aligned fibers. Schwann cells demonstrated the bipolar phenotype seen along the fibers. Using a novel technique to determine fiber density, an increase in fiber density correlated to an increase in the number of neurites, but average neurite length was not statistically different between the two different fiber densities. Together, this work presents methods by which to produce highly aligned fiber scaffolds efficiently and techniques for assessing neurite outgrowth on different fiber scaffolds, while suggesting that crossing fibers may be detrimental in fostering efficient, directed axonal outgrowth.
Major middle Miocene climate change and the extinction of tundra communities: Evidence from the Transantarctic Mountains

We present a glacial record from the western Olympus Range, East Antarctica, that documents a permanent shift in the thermal regime of local glaciers, from wet to cold based, between 14.11 and 13.94 million years ago (Ma). The record includes classic wet-based tills interbedded with fossil-rich glaciolacustrine deposits overlain by a series of cold-based drifts. Chronologic control comes from Ar/Ar analyses of six in-situ volcanic ash deposits. The shift from wetto cold-based glaciation reflects a drop in mean annual temperature of 20 to 30 C and is shown to precede one or more major episodes of ice-sheet expansion across the region sometime between 13.62 and 12.44 Ma. Major implications are 1) that atmospheric cooling preceded, and thus may have triggered, maximum overriding of the polar East Antarctic Ice Sheet and 2) that complex terrestrial communities became extinct in this sector of the Transantarctic Mountains at ~14 Ma.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KERJA YANG BERDAMPAK PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Pada Karyawan PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Pesero) Tbk Cabang Lumajang)

The research aimed to explain the effect of the variable Training Method, Training Material, on Employees Working Ability, and the partial effect of Training Method, Training Material, Employees Working Ability, on Employees Performance. The Kind of research is explanatory research with quantitative approach. Sample in this study are saturated sample or all employee of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch Lumajang (71 employees). Analysis of this data is descriptive analysis and path analysis. The result of Training Method is negative and not it has significant effect on the Employees Working Ability with the value of path coefficient for -0,055. The result of Training Material has a significant effect on Employees Working Ability with the value of path coefficient 0,675. The result of Training Methods has a significant effect on Employees Performance with the value of path coefficient 0,184. The result of Training Material has a significant effect on Employees Performance with the value of path coefficient 0,230. The result of Employees Working Ability has a significant effect on Employees performannce with the value of path coefficient 0,562. Keywords: Training Method, Training Material, Employees Working Ability, Employees Performance. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh antara variabel Metode Pelatihan, Materi Pelatihan, terhadap Kemampuan Kerja Karyawan, serta pengaruh parsial Metode Pelatihan, Metode Pelatihan, kemampuan Kerja Karyawan, terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantutatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini merupakan sampel jenuh atau semua karyawan PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Cabang Lumajang yang berjumlah 71 karyawan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian secara parsial diketahui bahwa Metode Pelatihan adalah negatif dan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kemampuan Kerja Karyawan dengan koefisien jalur sebesar -0,055. Hasil penelitian secara parsial diketahui bahwa Materi Pelatihan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kemampuan Kerja Karyawan dengan nilai koefisien jalur sebesar 0,675. Hasil penelitian secara parsial diketahui bahwa Metode Karyawan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan nilai koefisien jalur sebesar 0,184. Hasil penelitian secara parsial diketahui bahwa Materi Pelatihan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja karyawan dengan nilai koefisien jalu sebesar 0,230. Hasil penelitian secara parsial diketahui bahwa Kemampuan Kerja Karyawan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan nilai koefisien jalur sebesar 0,562. Kata Kunci: Metode Pelatihan, Materi Pelatihan, Kemampuan Kerja Karyawan, Kinerja Karyawa n.
Educational Partnerships: Gifted Program Advocacy In Action

As advocates for gifted programs, professionals in gifted child education and special education must work closely with school reform efforts to ensure that appropriate representation and service to gifted pupils are embedded within the reform framework. They should examine the development of partnerships and assess the strengths and weaknesses of collaboratives. They also should conduct research to strengthen the development of such efforts. This article discusses the critical elements of educational partnerships and presents an example of a partnership project designed to enhance educational opportunities for gifted children in an urban school setting.
The TolC Protein of Legionella pneumophila Plays a Major Role in Multi-Drug Resistance and the Early Steps of Host Invasion

Pneumonia associated with Iegionnaires's disease is initiated in humans after inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In the environment, Legionella pneumophila is thought to survive and multiply as an intracellular parasite within free-living amoeba. In the genome of L. pneumophila Lens, we identified a unique gene, tolC, encoding a protein that is highly homologous to the outer membrane protein TolC of Escherichia coli. Deletion of tolC by allelic exchange in L. pneumophila caused increased sensitivity to various drugs. The complementation of the tolC mutation in trans restored drug resistance, indicating that TolC is involved in multi-drug efflux machinery. In addition, deletion of tolC caused a significant attenuation of virulence towards both amoebae and macrophages. Thus, the TolC protein appears to play a crucial role in virulence which could be mediated by its involvement in efflux pump mechanisms. These findings will be helpful in unraveling the pathogenic mechanisms of L. pneumophila as well as in developing new therapeutic agents affecting the efflux of toxic compounds.
A Three-Dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Lips in Normal Young Adults

Objective To supply information about (1) sex-related dimensions (linear distances and ratios, vermilion area, volume) of normal adult lips, (2) presence of sexual dimorphism, and (3) correlations between anthropometric characteristics of the lip and nose. Methods The three-dimensional coordinates of soft tissue landmarks on the lips and nose were obtained using an optoelectronic instrument in 90 healthy young adult women and 90 healthy young adult men. From the landmarks, several linear distances (mouth width, total vermilion height, nose height, anatomic nose width, total lip height, upper lip height), the ratio of vermilion height to mouth width, and some areas (vermilion of the upper lip, vermilion of the lower lip, total vermilion) and volumes (upper lip volume, lower lip volume, total lip volume) were calculated. Linear correlation analyses between pairs of variables were also conducted within each sex. Results All lip dimensions (distances, areas, and volumes) were significantly larger in men than in women (p < .005), but no sex differences were found in the vermilion height to mouth width ratio. Overall, mouth and nose dimensions were not significantly correlated, with the exceptions of the upper and lower lip volumes in both sexes and of the mouth and nose widths in the female sample, in which a modest part of the variance in one measurement could be explained by the other. Conclusion The dimensions of the mouth and the nose did not seem to be strictly related. Data collected in the present investigation could represent a database for the quantitative description of human lip morphology in adult subjects.
The Development of a Learning Styles Program in a Low Socioeconomic, Underachieving North Carolina Elementary School.

Brightwood Elementary School's students scored in the 30th percentile in reading and mathematics when its principal came to New York in 1986 to learn how to provide instruction responsive to individual's varied learning styles. Its 1988 California Achievement Test scores in reading revealed that students had reached the 74th (males) and 75th (females) percentile in contrast with its county's 64th percentile and, indeed, Brightwood's scores were the highest in the state of North Carolina! The only change made in the school during that two‐year period was a concentration on teaching students through their learning styles. The author issues an invitation to all nonbelievers to visit, observe, and interview teachers.
Motivations Underlying Power Dynamics in Hierarchically Structured Groups

The authors studied tendencies to change power differences with others in hierarchically structured groups. Specifically, they contrasted predictions from two theories based on a power motive approach that have recently inspired power dynamics research. Social comparison theory predicts that people want to be somewhat more powerful than comparison others. A competing prediction from power distance theory is that people are more inclined to further increase their power, the more power they have already. In an experiment, 79 students participated in a decision-making task in a hierarchical group. They advised their subordinates and received advice from their superiors. Subsequently, they indicated their preferred changes in power differences. Social comparison theory was mostly supported: Participants mainly wanted slight power superiority over comparison others. The discussion focuses on implications for various theories in the field, such as expectation states theory, and on understanding behavior aimed at improving or securing power positions in hierarchical groups.
Asymmetrical Localization of mRNAs in Enterocytes of Human Jejunum

Intracellular localization of specific mRNAs is known to be a mechanism for targeting proteins to specific sites within the cell. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated co-localization of mRNAs and proteins for a number of genes in absorptive enterocytes of fetal rat intestine. The present study was undertaken to examine in human enterocytes the intracellular localization patterns of mRNAs for the microvillous membrane proteins lactase–phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), and the cytoskeletal protein β-actin. In sections of human jejunum, mRNAs were localized by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled anti-sense RNA probes. Both LPH and SI mRNAs were localized to the apical region of villous enterocytes, whereas IAP and β-actin mRNAs were detected both apically and basally relative to the nucleus. Therefore, in contrast to LPH, SI, and β-actin mRNAs, which co-localize with their encoded proteins, that of IAP is present in the basal region of the cell where IAP protein has not directly been demonstrated to be present. Absorptive enterocytes from humans possess the mechanisms for intracellular mRNA localization, but not all mRNAs co-localize with their encoded proteins.
Interleukin 5 (IL-5) Is Not Required for Expression of a Th2 Response or Host Resistance Mechanisms during Murine Schistosomiasis Mansoni but Does Play a Role in Development of IL-4-Producing Non-T, Non-B Cells

ABSTRACT During schistosomiasis, interleukin-5 (IL-5)-dependent eosinophil responses have been implicated in immunopathology, resistance to superinfection, synergistic interactions with chemotherapeutic agents, and the inductive phase of the egg-induced Th2 response. We examined these issues in IL-5-deficient (IL-5−/−) mice. IL-5−/− and wild-type (WT) mice were indistinguishable in terms of susceptibility to primary infections and the ability to resist secondary infections. Moreover, hepatic pathology was similar in both strains apart from a relative lack of eosinophils and, during chronic infection, a significantly larger mast cell component in the granulomas of IL-5−/− mice. Splenocyte cytokine production in response to soluble egg antigen (SEA) or anti-CD3 revealed no significant differences except for heightened tumor necrosis factor alpha production by cells from chronically infected IL-5−/− mice compared to WT animals. In contrast, ionomycin-stimulated non-B, non-T (NBNT) cells from IL-5−/− mice produced significantly smaller IL-4 amounts than did NBNT cells from WT animals. This difference was not apparent following plate-bound anti-immunoglobulin E or SEA stimulation. The absence of IL-5 failed to affect the induction of Th2 responses in naive mice. Peritoneal exudate cells recovered from egg-injected IL-5−/− or WT mice produced equivalent levels of IL-4 following restimulation with SEA or anti-CD3.
Development and maturation of taste buds of the palatal epithelium of the rat: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Palatal taste buds are intriguing partners in the mediation of taste behavior and their spatial distribution is functionally important for suckling behavior, especially in the neonatal life. Their prenatal development has not been previously elucidated in the rat, and the onset of their maturation remains rather controversial. We delineated the development and frequency distribution of the taste buds as well as the immunohistochemical expression of α‐gustducin, a G protein closely related to the transduction of taste stimuli, in the nasoincisor papilla (NIP) and soft palate (SP) from the embryonic day 17 (E17) till the postnatal day 70 (PN70). The main findings in the present study were the development of a substantial number of taste pores in the SP of fetal rats (60.3 ± 1.7 out of 122.8 ± 5.5; mean ± SD/animal at E19) and NIP of neonatal rats (9.8 ± 1.0 out of 44.8 ± 2.2 at PN4). α‐gustducin‐like immunoreactivity (‐LI) was not expressed in the pored taste buds of either prenatal or newborn rats. The earliest expression of α‐gustducin‐LI was demonstrated at PN1 in the SP (1.5 ± 0.5 cells/taste bud; mean ± SD) and at PN4 in the NIP (1.4 ± 0.5). By age the total counts of pored taste buds continuously increased and their morphological features became quite discernible. They became pear in shape, characterized by distinct pores, long subporal space, and longitudinally oriented cells. Around the second week, a remarkable transient decrease in the total number of taste buds was recorded in the oral epithelium of NIP and SP, which might be correlated with the changes of ingestive behaviors. The total counts of cells showing α‐gustducin‐LI per taste bud gradually increased till the end of our investigation (14.1 ± 2.7 in NIP and 12.4 ± 2.5 in SP at PN70). We conclude that substantial development of taste buds began prenatally in the SP, whereas most developed entirely postnatal in the NIP. The present study provides evidence that the existence of a taste pore which is considered an important criterion for the morphological maturation of taste buds is not enough for the onset of the taste transduction, which necessitates also mature taste cells. Moreover, the earlier maturation of palatal taste buds compared with the contiguous populations in the oral cavity evokes an evidence of their significant role in the transmission of gustatory information, especially in the early life of rat. Anat Rec 263:260–268, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiographic Assessment of the Performance of Flow Divertors to Treat Cerebral Aneurysms

Past clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cerebral aneurysms can be successfully excluded from the circulation solely by the endovascular placement of a flow diverting device across the aneurysm neck. These devices promote intraaneurysmal flow stasis and concomitant thrombosis by redirecting flow away from the aneurysm. To comprehensively test the efficacy of such flow divertors, we are implanting devices with three different porosities in a large cohort of elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits. Treatment efficacy is quantified by a mathematical model that is fit to aneurysmal angiographic contrast washout curves. Results from three animals implanted with different device porosities are presented here. The model competently captures the behavior of the aneurysmal washout curves and provides reliable indices of device efficacy. Preliminary analysis indicates that immediately after implantation, the device with medium porosity performs better than the devices with lower and higher porosities
Duality and Rational Modules in Hopf Algebras over Commutative Rings

Abstract Let A be an algebra over a commutative ring R. If R is noetherian and A° is pure in RA, then the categories of rational left A-modules and right A°-comodules are isomorphic. In the Hopf algebra case, we can also strengthen the Blattner–Montgomery duality theorem. Finally, we give sufficient conditions to get the purity of A° in RA.