Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rewiring-Induced Chaos in Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks

Abstract The dependence of the dynamics of pulse-coupled neural networks on random rewiring of excitatory and inhibitory connections is examined. When both excitatory and inhibitory connections are rewired, periodic synchronization emerges with a Hopf-like bifurcation and a subsequent period-doubling bifurcation; chaotic synchronization is also observed. When only excitatory connections are rewired, periodic synchronization emerges with a saddle node–like bifurcation, and chaotic synchronization is also observed. This result suggests that randomness in the system does not necessarily contaminate the system, and sometimes it even introduces rich dynamics to the system such as chaos.
Low-frequency radio spectrum and spectral turnover of LS 5039

ABSTRACT LS 5039, a possible black hole x-ray binary, was recently observed with Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope. The observed spectrum presented here shows that the spectrumis inverted at the low frequency. When combined with the archival data with orbitalphase similar to the present observations, it shows a clear indication of a spectralturnover. The combined data are ﬁtted with a broken power-law and the break fre-quency signiﬁes a possible spectral turnover of the spectrum around 964 MHz. Trulysimultaneous observations in radio wavelength covering a wide range of frequenciesare required to ﬁx the spectrum and the spectral turn over which will play a crucialrole in developing a deeper understanding of the radio emitting jet in LS 5039.Key words: Microquasar – LS 5039 – radio – X-rays. 1 INTRODUCTIONLS5039 is a X-ray binary system consisting of a compactobject and a companion star of ON6.5V(f) type with mass22.9M ⊙ . The mass of the compact object is not accuratelyknown. But recent study shows that the mass of the compactobject is 3.7M
An ontology for publishing and scheduling events and the lessons learned in developing it.

This paper provides a brief overview of an ontology for publishing and scheduling events. It summarizes our experiences using the FIPA SL0 language in a Jade environment, and aims to capture some practical lessons for future ontology development. The described ontology supports the preferences and uncertainty which are a natural consequence of holding events with real people, in a real world. It represents the relationships between event times, places, and people; handles events that are physically or temporally distributed; and serves to describe events during all stages of scheduling, starting from an initial imprecise specification, and ending with an exact event description suitable for publication. For future ontology development we argue for placing the burden on content producers, rather than consumers; for maintaining a single consistent representation; and for pushing localization and presentation issues to the edges of the network. In addition, we recommend exploiting hierarchies in the information (particularly with recursion) and allowing for the representation of incomplete knowledge.
Control and regulation problems in switching systems

Switching, or multimodal, dynamical systems are defined by a finite family of dynamics, namely the modes of the system, and a rule that governs the switching from one mode to another. Switching systems can model complex behaviours that originate when dynamical structures modify in response to varying operative conditions. Examples are given by multi-agent systems, where the set of active agents or that of communication links change during operation, as well as by mechatronic systems, whose sensor/actuator configuration modifies according to working conditions. Recently, switching systems with linear modes have been considered by many authors and different approaches to control and regulation problems for that class of systems have been proposed. Among them, the geometric approach, originally developed for linear systems, has proven to be particularly effective. Here, we discuss and investigate from the geometric point of view a number of control and regulation problems. Basic geometric concepts are introduced and illustrated, starting from the notions of invariance and controlled invariance. Then, the properties of internal and external stabilizability for controlled invariant subspaces are introduced and their role in constructing stabilizing compensators is highlighted. Solvability methods for disturbance decoupling, regulation and model matching problems, with additional stability requirements, can thus be stated and discussed.
Ctm Model Evaluation – Part 2 an Evaluation of the Performance of Chemistry Transport Models, Part 2: Detailed Comparison with Two Selected Campaigns Ctm Model Evaluation – Part 2

This is the second part of a rigorous model evaluation study involving five global Chemistry-Transport and two Chemistry-Climate Models operated by different groups in Europe. Simulated trace gas fields were interpolated to the exact times and positions of the observations to account for the actual weather conditions and hence for the 5 specific histories of the sampled air masses. In this part of the study we focus on a detailed comparison with two selected campaigns, PEM-Tropics A and SONEX, contrasting the clean environment of the tropical Pacific with the more polluted North Atlantic region. The study highlights the different strengths and weaknesses of the models in accurately simulating key processes in the UT/LS region including stratosphere-10 troposphere-exchange, rapid convective transport, lightning emissions, radical chemistry and ozone production. Model simulated Radon, which was used as an idealized tracer for continental influence, was occasionally much better correlated with measured CO than simulated CO pointing towards deficiencies in the used biomass burning emission fields. The abundance and variability of HO x radicals is in general well represented 15 in the models as inferred directly from the comparison with measured OH and HO 2 and indirectly from the comparison with hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Components of the NO y family such as PAN, HNO 3 and NO were found to compare less favorably. Interestingly, models showing good agreement with observations in the case of PEM-Tropics A often failed in the case of SONEX and vice versa. A better description of 20 NO x and NO y emissions, chemistry and sinks is thought to be key to future model improvements with respect to the representation of chemistry in the UT/LS region.
On Modelling Speculative Prices: The Empirical Literature

Traditionally, financial theory and in particular asset pricing models have assumed (implicitly or explicitly) a certain probabilistic structure for speculative prices. The probabilistic structure is usually defined in terms of specific statistical models and relates to the dependence, heterogeneity and the distribution of such prices. The primary objective of this paper is to trace the development of various statistical models proposed since Bachelier (1900), in an attempt to assess how well these models capture the empirical regularities exhibited by data on speculative prices. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd
The Helical MreB Cytoskeleton in Escherichia coli MC1000/pLE7 Is an Artifact of the N-Terminal Yellow Fluorescent Protein Tag

ABSTRACT Based on fluorescence microscopy, the actin homolog MreB has been thought to form extended helices surrounding the cytoplasm of rod-shaped bacterial cells. The presence of these and other putative helices has come to dominate models of bacterial cell shape regulation, chromosome segregation, polarity, and motility. Here we use electron cryotomography to show that MreB does in fact form extended helices and filaments in Escherichia coli when yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is fused to its N terminus but native (untagged) MreB expressed to the same levels does not. In contrast, mCherry fused to an internal loop (MreB-RFPSW) does not induce helices. The helices are therefore an artifact of the placement of the fluorescent protein tag. YFP-MreB helices were also clearly distinguishable from the punctate, “patchy” localization patterns of MreB-RFPSW, even by standard light microscopy. The many interpretations in the literature of such punctate patterns as helices should therefore be reconsidered.
Impact of neighbourhood food environment on food consumption in children aged 9–10 years in the UK SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young people) study

Abstract Objective Poor diet in childhood increases risk of obesity but the relationship between access to food and children’s food choice is underexplored. We determined relationships between distance to and density of food outlets on children’s food choice. Design Children (n 1721) aged 9–10 years who participated in a cross-sectional study from a sample of state and private schools across urban and rural areas. Food consumption was reported using a short validated FFQ. A Geographic Information System was used to determine proximity to local food outlets. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine associations between food consumption and distance to and density of local food outlets. Setting Norfolk, England. Subjects Boys (n 754) and girls (n 967) aged 9–10 years. Results The impact of distance to or density of food outlets on food choice was small after adjustment. Living further away from a supermarket increased portions of fruit (0·11 portions/week per 1 km increase in distance to nearest supermarket, P < 0·05) and vegetables (0·11 portions/week, P < 0·05) consumed. Living closer to convenience stores was also associated with an increased consumption of crisps, chocolate and white bread. Density of supermarkets was associated with both an increase in vegetable intake (0·31 portions/week, P < 0·05) and unhealthy foods. Conclusions Distance to and density of food outlets are both associated with children’s food choice, although the impact appears to be small and the relationship is complex. However, the effects of individual foods combined could be important, particularly as even small differences in intake can impact on body weight over time.
Noise robust voice activity detection using features extracted from the time-domain autocorrelation function

This paper presents a method of voice activity detection (VAD) for high noise scenarios, using a noise robust voiced speech detection feature. The developed method is based on the fusion of two systems. The first system utilises the maximum peak of the normalised time-domain autocorrelation function (MaxPeak). The second zone system uses a novel combination of cross-correlation and zero-crossing rate of the normalised autocorrelation to approximate a measure of signal pitch and periodicity (CrossCorr) that is hypothesised to be noise robust. The score outputs by the two systems are then merged using weighted sum fusion to create the proposed autocorrelation zero-crossing rate (AZR) VAD. Accuracy of AZR was compared to state of the art and standardised VAD methods and was shown to outperform the best performing system with an average relative improvement of 24.8% in half-total error rate (HTER) on the QUT-NOISE-TIMIT database created using real recordings from high-noise environments.
Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy with an intraoperative retrograde ureteroscopy-assisted technique for distal ureteral injury secondary to gynecological surgery: a retrospective comparison with laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the operative and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (LAP-UU) using a retrograde ureteroscopy-assisted technique with laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy (LAP-UNC) in treating ureteral injury after gynecological surgery. Materials and methods: The study analyzed 60 ureteral injury repairs performed between May 2010 and February 2016 in patients who underwent either LAP-UU using the retrograde ureteroscopy-assisted technique (n = 26) or LAP-UNC (n = 34). Demographic parameters, operative variables and perioperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Demographic and clinical data revealed no significant differences between patients in each group in terms of age, body mass index, length of obstruction, incidence of postoperative urinary leakage, incidence of urinary tract infection during hospitalization, oral antibiotics, mean hospital stay, incidence of recurrent obstruction, rate of conversion to open surgery and mean operative time. The LAP-UU group had significantly less estimated blood loss (85 ± 40 vs 120 ± 35 ml, p = .0006) and a significantly lower incidence of vesicoureteral reflux (grade I) on cystography (0/26 vs 6/34, p = .031) during a mean follow-up of 36.5 months (range 7–71 months). Conclusions: Compared with LAP-UNC, LAP-UU is also a technically feasible and safe option for repairing distal ureteral injury secondary to gynecological surgery. The intraoperative retrograde ureteroscopy-assisted technique during LAP-UU contributes to precise localization of the lesion, reduces intraoperative bleeding, enables sufficient dissection of the intramural ureter and preserves its natural antireflux mechanism.
Effects of adolescent online gaming time and motives on depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms

Abstract Aim. To investigate whether adolescent online gaming time and the additive effect of gaming motives were associated with depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. The hypothesis was that adolescents who engage in online gaming with escape motives and increased online gaming time have higher probability for depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms compared to adolescents with other online gaming motives and/or less online gaming time. Method. An anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was completed during class hours by 7,757 Swedish adolescents aged 13–18 years. The questionnaire included demographic background, gaming habits, and depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. Results. It was found that increased online gaming time during weekdays increased the probability of having depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. However, these relations with time spent gaming were further explained by online gaming motives. Weekday online gaming for more than five hours a day, in combination with escape motives, was associated with an increased probability of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 4.614, 95% CI 3.230–6.590), musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 2.494, 95% CI 1.598–3.892), and psychosomatic symptoms (OR 4.437, 95% CI 2.966–6.637). The probability of ill health decreased when gaming was for fun or had social motives. Conclusion. Excessive gaming time and escape motives were found to be associated with increased probability of ill health among adolescents. Gaming motives may identify gamers in need of support to reduce unhealthy gaming behaviour as well as identify individuals at risk for ill health.
LIM-Homeobox Gene Lhx5 Is Required for Normal Development of Cajal–Retzius Cells

Cajal–Retzius (C-R) cells play important roles in the lamination of the mammalian cortex via reelin secretion. The genetic mechanisms underlying the development of these neurons have just begun to be unraveled. Here, we show that two closely related LIM-homeobox genes Lhx1 and Lhx5 are expressed in reelin+ cells in various regions in the mouse telencephalon at or adjacent to sites where the C-R cells are generated, including the cortical hem, the mantle region of the septal/retrobulbar area, and the ventral pallium. Whereas Lhx5 is expressed in all of these reelin-expressing domains, Lhx1 is preferentially expressed in the septal area and in a continuous domain spanning from lateral olfactory region to caudomedial territories. Genetic ablation of Lhx5 results in decreased reelin+ and p73+ cells in the neocortical anlage, in the cortical hem, and in the septal, olfactory, and caudomedial telencephalic regions. The overall reduction in number of C-R cells in Lhx5 mutants is accompanied by formation of ectopic reelin+ cell clusters at the caudal telencephalon. Based on differential expression of molecular markers and by fluorescent cell tracing in cultured embryos, we located the origin of reelin+ ectopic cell clusters at the caudomedial telencephalic region. We also confirmed the existence of a normal migration stream of reelin+ cells from the caudomedial area to telencephalic olfactory territories in wild-type embryos. These results reveal a complex role for Lhx5 in regulating the development and normal distribution of C-R cells in the developing forebrain.
Multiuser Scheduling in Downlink MIMO Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, a novel scheduling strategy based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for the downlink of multiuser MIMO systems. By means of PSO searching mechanism, this scheduling algorithm mainly seeks the optimal "particle", i.e. the best scheduled user group, to maximize the system capacity. Besides, a new approach to associate the possible scheduled candidates by "particles" in PSO is also presented. Simulation results reveal that the proposed PSO strategy achieves nearly the same performance to the exhaustive search (ES) algorithm in terms of capacity performance, but with lower complexity. The convergence analysis is also presented to give a guideline in determining the parameters to keep the PSO convergent.
METABOLIC AND CIRCULATORY LIMITATIONS TO AT THE WHOLE ANIMAL LEVEL

SUMMARY The O2 path from environment to mitochondria can be viewed as a cascade of resistances in series, each being overcome by a specific pressure gradient (O2 conductance equation). To assess the relative importance of the different factors that can set a limit to Vo max, three sets of resistances will be identified, RQ, Re and Rm, inversely proportional to: O2 transport (QmaxX [Hb]), RQ; capillary cross section, Re; and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, Rm. Published data show that changes of Vo2max can be induced by altering the blood O2 capacity, or by training, and that these changes are accompanied by measured changes of the above identified resistances. From these data, the ratio of each resistance to the overall resistance can be calculated by algebraic manipulation of the O2 conductance equation, expressed in relative form. It can thus be shown that: (1) in twolegged exercise, about 75 % of Vo max is set by O2 transport, the remaining fraction being about equally partitioned between the two peripheral factors indicated above, and that (2) in one-legged exercise, the limits to Vo2max are about equally set by central and peripheral factors.
Extraocular Muscle Atrophy and Central Nervous System Involvement in Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia

Background Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a classical mitochondrial ocular disorder characterised by bilateral progressive ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. These ocular features can develop either in isolation or in association with other prominent neurological deficits (CPEO+). Molecularly, CPEO can be classified into two distinct genetic subgroups depending on whether patients harbour single, large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions or multiple mtDNA deletions secondary to a nuclear mutation disrupting mtDNA replication or repair. The aim of this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to investigate whether the ophthalmoplegia in CPEO is primarily myopathic in origin or whether there is evidence of contributory supranuclear pathway dysfunction. Methods Ten age-matched normal controls and twenty patients with CPEO were recruited nine patients with single, large-scale mtDNA deletions and eleven patients with multiple mtDNA deletions secondary to mutations in POLG, PEO1, OPA1, and RRM2B. All subjects underwent a standardised brain and orbital MRI protocol, together with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in two voxels located within the parietal white matter and the brainstem. Results There was evidence of significant extraocular muscle atrophy in patients with single or multiple mtDNA deletions compared with controls. There was no significant difference in metabolite concentrations between the patient and control groups in both the parietal white matter and brainstem voxels. Volumetric brain measurements revealed marked cortical and cerebellar atrophy among patients with CPEO+ phenotypes. Conclusion The results of this study support a primary myopathic aetiology for the progressive limitation of eye movements that develops in CPEO.
Personality Traits, Income, and Economic Ideology

While the psychological underpinnings of social ideology are well established, less is known about the psychological underpinnings of economic ideology. In this study, I assess whether Big Five personality traits are associated with economic ideology and when personality traits are more strongly or more weakly associated with economic ideology. I hypothesize that low income attenuates the association between the Big Five traits and economic ideology. Studies conducted in Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the United States show that Conscientiousness is positively correlated with economic conservatism, while Agreeableness and Neuroticism are negatively correlated with economic conservatism. Moreover, low income attenuates the association between personality traits and economic ideology. I report a weaker association between Agreeableness and economic ideology among poor people compared to wealthier people in all three countries. Low income also attenuates the association between economic ideology and the traits Openness (Denmark), Extraversion (United Kingdom), and Neuroticism (United States). I contribute to the literature addressing the psychological correlates of economic ideology by showing that (1) economic ideology has a distinct set of personality correlates and (2) low income attenuates the association between some personality traits and economic ideology.
Detectability of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows from Very High Redshifts

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are promising tools for tracing the formation of high-redshift stars, including the first generation. At very high redshifts the reverse shock emission lasts longer in the observer frame, and its importance for detection and analysis purposes relative to the forward shock increases. We consider two different models for the GRB environment, based on current ideas about the redshift dependence of gas properties in galaxies and primordial star formation. We calculate the observed flux as a function of the redshift and observer time for typical GRB afterglows, taking into account intergalactic photoionization and Lyα absorption opacity, as well as extinction by the Milky Way. The fluxes in the X-ray and near-IR bands are compared with the sensitivity of different detectors such as Chandra, XMM, Swift XRT, and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Using standard assumptions, we find that Chandra, XMM, and Swift XRT can potentially detect GRBs in the X-ray band out to very high redshifts z ≳ 30. In the K and M bands, the JWST and ground-based telescopes are potentially able to detect GRBs even 1 day after the trigger out to z ~ 16 and 33, if present. While the X-ray band is insensitive to the external density and to reverse shocks, the near-IR bands provide a sensitive tool for diagnosing both the environment and the reverse shock component.