Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Des politiques aux pratiques d'orientation : enquête ethnographique dans deux collèges de banlieue

Dans le systeme francais, la procedure d'orientation en fin de college constitue le premier grand filtre scolaire et social traverse par les eleves. Les pratiques d'orientation, qui ont evolue historiquement au sein de cadres institutionnels mouvants, sont aujourd'hui au cœur du travail enseignant, des politiques d'allongement des scolarites et de reduction des inegalites sociales de parcours scolaire. La these s'appuie sur une enquete ethnographique de deux ans, au sein de deux colleges d'une meme commune et aupres des familles et de leurs enfants, afin de montrer la necessite de prendre en compte l'histoire sociale et l'offre scolaire locales pour analyser les mecanismes sociaux sous-jacents aux carrieres scolaires. La these montre comment les pratiques d'orientations sont sources de tensions entre les acteurs scolaires, notamment parce que l'orientation des eleves constitue un enjeu majeur dans un contexte de concurrence entre etablissements, organisee par l'institution plus que par les strategies familiales , et qu'elle constitue des vecteurs d'une « culture » de l'evaluation. Ces tensions entrainent une certaine prudence de la part des eleves et de leurs parents, qui mene, dans ces colleges particulierement defavorises, a des formes de desinflation des aspirations scolaires. Face aux injonctions - parfois contradictoires - liees a l'allongement de la scolarite, les logiques parentales relevent de formes de mobilisation ou de resistance qui dependent, outre du genre de l'eleve, des differents capitaux dont disposent les familles, et tracent des frontieres entre differents groupes selon leur appartenance sociale et leur parcours migratoire.
PARC 3.0: A Corpus of Attribution Relations

Quotation and opinion extraction, discourse and factuality have all partly addressed the annotation and identification of Attribution Relations. However, disjoint efforts have provided a partial and partly inaccurate picture of attribution and generated small or incomplete resources, thus limiting the applicability of machine learning approaches. This paper presents PARC 3.0, a large corpus fully annotated with Attribution Relations (ARs). The annotation scheme was tested with an inter-annotator agreement study showing satisfactory results for the identification of ARs and high agreement on the selection of the text spans corresponding to its constitutive elements: source, cue and content. The corpus, which comprises around 20k ARs, was used to investigate the range of structures that can express attribution. The results show a complex and varied relation of which the literature has addressed only a portion. PARC 3.0 is available for research use and can be used in a range of different studies to analyse attribution and validate assumptions as well as to develop supervised attribution extraction models.
Neuropsychological dysfunction, depression, physical disability, and coping processes in families with a parent affected by multiple sclerosis

Background Families with a parent suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) must cope with the unpredictable course of the disease. Most studies analyzing factors that influence coping abilities in families with a member affected with MS used questionnaires to assess this ability. Methods On the contrary, the present study used a semi-structured psychiatric interview and used the resulting information to calculate a general measure of coping ability (coping index [CI]). We administered this interview to 44 MS patients, their partners and offspring and conducted a neuropsychological and physical evaluation of the patients to determine the impact of physical disability, cognitive dysfunction, and depression on the process of coping by the patient, the healthy partner, and children. Results The CI of patients was best predicted by measures of their depressive symptoms, divided attention, and estimated verbal intelligence. None of the patient variables predicted the CI of healthy partners or their offspring. We found an association between the CI of the healthy partner and the children. Conclusions These findings suggest that MS patients’ emotional and neuropsychological functions are associated with their ability to cope with the disease. These should be carefully assessed at the beginning of treatment so that those factors known to negatively influence patient coping are targeted in the treatment plan if necessary. Comprehensive care of a patient with MS should include support of coping abilities of the family members.
Long-Term Effect of Different Physical Activity Levels on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men: A 25-Year Prospective Study

Background The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of lifetime physical activity (PA) on selected indices of atherosclerosis in longitudinal observation of middle-aged men. Methods The subject of the study was a cohort of 101 men (mean age 59,7±9,0 years), free of cardiovascular symptoms and treatment, participating in follow-up examinations in the years 1985/90-2011/12. Self-report PA was assessed by interviewer-administered Seven-Day PA Recall and Historical PA questionnaire. Subclinical atherosclerosis was measured by assessing the coronary artery calcification (CAC) according to Agatston's method using multi-slice computed tomography; the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound; and the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) using peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT2000). The participants were initially divided into three groups according to tertiles of exercise-related energy expenditure (EE) in kcal/week at baseline, i.e. <2050 (low-to-moderate; n = 33), 2050–3840 (high; n = 34), >3840 (very high; n = 34). Results The low-to-moderate, high and very high PA groups were comparable in terms of age and atherosclerosis risk factors at baseline. No linear relationship was found between PA and CAC, IMT and RHI. Men who maintained low-to-moderate (n = 26), high (n = 21) and very high (n = 15) PA level had the mean CAC of 286.1±361.9, 10.7±28.9, and 106.1±278.3 (p<0.001 for low-to moderate vs high; p<0.05 for low-to-moderate vs very high); the mean IMT of 0.751±0.19 mm, 0,641±0.26 mm, and 0.750±0.60 mm (p>0.05); and the mean RHI of 1.69±0.4, 2.00±0.4, and 2.13±0.5 (p for trend = 0.050), respectively. No cases of CAC>400, IMT ≥0.9 and RHI<1.67 were noted only among men with maintained high PA level. At final examination men with high and very high PA had more favorable cardiometabolic profile than men with lower PA. Conclusions Maintaining regular high PA level through young and middle adulthood may protect against atherosclerosis as measured by CAC, IMT and RHI.
Coordinated Bank and Cache Coloring for Temporal Protection of Memory Accesses

In commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) multi-core systems, the execution times of tasks become hard to predict because of contention on shared resources in the memory hierarchy. In particular, a task running in one processor core can delay the execution of another task running in another processor core. This is due to the fact that tasks can access data in the same cache set shared among processor cores or in the same memory bank in the DRAM memory (or both). Such cache and bank interference effects have motivated the need to create isolation mechanisms for resources accessed by more than one task. One popular isolation mechanism is cache coloring that divides the cache into multiple partitions. With cache coloring, each task can be assigned exclusive cache partitions, thereby preventing cache interference from other tasks. Similarly, bank coloring allows assigning exclusive bank partitions to tasks. While cache coloring and some bank coloring mechanisms have been studied separately, interactions between the two schemes have not been studied. Specifically, while memory accesses to two different bank colors do not interfere with each other at the bank level, they may interact at the cache level. Similarly, two different cache colors avoid cache interference but may not prevent bank interference. Therefore it is necessary to coordinate cache and bank coloring approaches. In this paper, we present a coordinated cache and bank coloring scheme that is designed to prevent cache and bank interference simultaneously. We also developed color allocation algorithms for configuring a virtual memory system to support our scheme which has been implemented in the Linux kernel. In our experiments, we observed that the execution time can increase by 60% due to inter-task interference when we use only cache coloring. Our coordinated approach can reduce this figure down to 12% (an 80% reduction).
Algorithmically Compressed Data and the Topological Conjecture for the Inner-Core Electrons

Eight different properties of three classes of compounds, metal halides, halomethanes, and chlorofluorocarbons, have been modeled with the aim to check the validity of the odd complete graph conjecture suggested for encoding the contribution of the inner-core electrons to the molecular connectivity indices. Modeling using this conjecture is compared with modeling using connectivity indices derived by other well-known algorithms. The conjecture of odd complete graph for the inner-core electrons achieves to improve the modeling quality of the molecular connectivity indices and/or of the molecular connectivity terms. The importance of the recently introduced dual molecular connectivity indices and pseudoindices in further refining the modeling quality of the higher-order terms has also been stressed.
Settling the APX-Hardness Status for Geometric Set Cover

Weighted geometric set-cover problems arise naturally in several geometric and non-geometric settings (e.g. the breakthrough of Bansal and Pruhs (FOCS 2010) reduces a wide class of machine scheduling problems to weighted geometric set-cover). More than two decades of research has succeeded in settling the (1+∈)-approximability status for most geometric set-cover problems, except for four basic scenarios which are still lacking. One is that of weighted disks in the plane for which, after a series of papers, Varadarajan (STOC 2010) presented a clever quasi-sampling technique, which together with improvements by Chan et al(SODA 2012), yielded a O(1)-approximation algorithm. Even for the unweighted case, a PTAS for a fundamental class of objects called pseudodisks (which includes disks, unit-height rectangles, translates of convex sets etc.) is currently unknown. Another fundamental case is weighted halfspaces in R3, for which a PTAS is currently lacking. In this paper, we present a QPTAS for all of these remaining problems. Our results are based on the separator framework of Adamaszek and Wiese (FOCS 2013, SODA 2014), who recently obtained a QPTAS for weighted independent set of polygonal regions. This rules out the possibility that these problems are APX-hard, assuming NP DTIME(2polylog(n)). Together with the recent work of Chan-Grant (CGTA 2014), this settles the APX-hardness status for all natural geometric set-cover problems.
Developmental Pharmacogenetics of Immunosuppressants in Pediatric Organ Transplantation

Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil are the primary immunosuppressants used on pediatric organ transplantation. Therapeutic drug monitoring is used in daily practice, because their clinical use is hampered by a narrow therapeutic index and large variability. Tailoring immunosuppressive therapy to the individual patient to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity is therefore essential. Because research in pharmacogenetics already identified polymorphisms impacting their pharmacokinetic parameters in adults, developmental pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressants holds promises for optimizing dosage regimens and improving clinical outcome in children. In this review, we focus on the impact of age and pharmacogenetics on these immunosuppressants in children undergoing organ transplantation.
Teachers' Beliefs Towards Grade Retention in a Rural Elementary School

This study examined the beliefs of kindergarten through fourth grade teachers regarding effects of retention on academic, emotional, and social areas, as well as alternative interventions to retention. The teachers were asked to take a web-based pre-survey on grade retention. After completing the initial survey they were then asked to watch a web-based PowerPoint presentation on research-based evidence regarding retention before taking a web-based postsurvey. The results of this study revealed that teacher‟s beliefs towards grade retention were not significantly changed when presented with a research-based PowerPoint presentation regarding the negative effects of retention practices, as measured by the pre and post-survey. The comments on the surveys backed up the statistics stating that there were no significant changes in opinion.
Ranking continuous probabilistic datasets

Ranking is a fundamental operation in data analysis and decision support, and plays an even more crucial role if the dataset being explored exhibits uncertainty. This has led to much work in understanding how to rank uncertain datasets in recent years. In this paper, we address the problem of ranking when the tuple scores are uncertain, and the uncertainty is captured using continuous probability distributions (e.g. Gaussian distributions). We present a comprehensive solution to compute the values of a parameterized ranking function (PRF) [18] for arbitrary continuous probability distributions (and thus rank the uncertain dataset); PRF can be used to simulate or approximate many other ranking functions proposed in prior work. We develop exact polynomial time algorithms for some continuous probability distribution classes, and efficient approximation schemes with provable guarantees for arbitrary probability distributions. Our algorithms can also be used for exact or approximate evaluation of k-nearest neighbor queries over uncertain objects, whose positions are modeled using continuous probability distributions. Our experimental evaluation over several datasets illustrates the effectiveness of our approach at efficiently ranking uncertain datasets with continuous attribute uncertainty.
Fabrication and modification of biological materials utilizing shear flow system

Efficient mixing and reaction can promote the fabrication and modification processes to obtain the products with desired properties. A modified Taylor-Couette mixer, which can generate turbulent shear flow environment, was introduced to facilitate the production of biodegradable polymer particles and biorenewable materials. We developed a simple and fast single emulsion technique to fabricate hollow polymer particles by turbulent fluid flow. The process involves the one-step emulsification of a PLA-ethyl acetate solution in the water-glycerol medium under shear and the solidification of PLA particles by the diffusion of ethyl acetate to plenty of water. Turbulent regime and processing temperature were found as key factors to dynamic control the production of polymer particles from solid nanospheres to hollow microspheres. This method allows the easy control of polymer particle shape and size. Successful incorporations of hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles and a small peptide were introduced here as representative examples of its practical applications in the efficient encapsulation of hydrophilic materials in the hydrophobic polymer matrix for different demands. We also reported a fast and high efficiency nanoscale hybrid pretreatment method of lignocellulosic biomass. Corn stover was pretreated in this mixer at a reduced temperature for two minutes with alkaline condition. Composition analysis showed the significant removal of both lignin and hemicellulose after the hybrid pretreatment. Microscopy images revealed the severe disruption of corn stover structure and exposure of cellulose microfibrils from the cell wall. Effective fractionation and structure disruption can be achieved by this method. In order to make the production economically feasible, cationic polyelectrolyte was firstly introduced as the additive in this pretreatment of corn stover. At room temperature and fast processing conditions (~ 2 minutes), lignin was found to redistribute on the inner and outer surfaces of the cell wall as lignin aggregate droplets instead of being extracted. Free nano-/microfibrils in the residues were also observed. The yields of enzymatic hydrolysis were enhanced for the pretreated corn stover with the aid of polyelectrolyte. We speculate that lignin was effectively modified which opened up the cell wall structure during the short pretreatment process and prevented non-productive binding of enzymes in the enzyme hydrolysis reaction. This can improve cellulose accessibility and digestibility, indicating that polyelectrolyte is a promising alternative to modify the biomass surface and reduce the use of expensive enzymes. Persons with disabilities have the right to request and receive reasonable accommodation. Please call the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at 355-5135 at least one day prior to the seminar; requests received after this date will be met when possible.
Predictors of Extra-Marital Partnerships among Women Married to Fishermen along Lake Victoria in Kisumu County, Kenya

Background The vulnerability of women to HIV infection makes establishing predictors of women's involvement in extra-marital partnerships critical. We investigated the predictors of extra-marital partnerships among women married to fishermen. Methods The current analyses are part of a mixed methods cross-sectional survey of 1090 gender-matched interviews with 545 couples and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 59 couples. Using a proportional to size simple random sample of fishermen as our index participants, we asked them to enrol in the study with their spouses. The consenting couples were interviewed simultaneously in separate private rooms. In addition to socio-economic and demographic data, we collected information on sexual behaviour including extra-marital sexual partnerships. We analysed these data using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. For FGDs, couples willing to participate were invited, consented and separated for simultaneous FGDs by gender-matched moderators. The resultant audiofiles were transcribed verbatim and translated into English for coding and thematic content analysis using NVivo 9. Results The prevalence of extra-marital partnerships among women was 6.2% within a reference time of six months. Factors that were independently associated with increased likelihood of extra-marital partnerships were domestic violence (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.09–1.92), women reporting being denied a preferred sex position (aOR, 3.34; 95% CI 1.26–8.84) and spouse longer erect penis (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.00–1.78). Conversely, women's age – more than 24years (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI 0.14–0.78) and women's increased sexual satisfaction (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.87–0.96) were associated with reduced likelihood of extra-marital partnerships. Conclusion Domestic violence, denial of a preferred sex positions, longer erect penis, younger age and increased sexual satisfaction were the main predictors of women's involvement in extra-marital partnerships. Integration of sex education, counselling and life skills training in couple HIV prevention programs might help in risk reduction.
Rapid‐rate transcranial magnetic stimulation and hemispheric language dominance

We performed rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (r-TMS) in 14 epileptic patients, using a coil centered over nine different positions on each side of the scalp and while the subjects counted aloud. We obtained lateralized speech arrest, concordant with the site of manual preference, in only seven patients. There was transitory homonymous hemianopia (one patient), brief jerking of one arm (two patients), and affective (crying) reaction (three patients) after the end of a train of stimuli. In our experience, r-TMS is not as sensitive as previously reported for determination of hemispheric language dominance and may have undesirable side effects.
The gastric mucosa in anaemia in Punjabis

Although the aetiology and pathological significance of chronic atrophic gastritis is still unknown, the incidence of the disorder in normal subjects and in a variety of pathological conditions is becoming known. Coghill (1960), in a full review of the subject, discussed the possible relationship between gastritis and hypochromic anaemia. It has been suggested that the gastric mucosal lesion may result from iron deficiency (Witts, 1956; Badenoch, Evans, and Richards, 1957), but this view is not supported by Foy and Kondi (1960), who found that achlorhydria was rare in patients with severe iron deficiency secondary to hookworm infestation, or by Coghill (1960), who showed that atrophic gastritis occurred more frequently in patients with 'idiopathic' hypochromic anaemia, that is, in whom there was no evidence of blood loss or exceptionally low iron intake to account for the iron deficiency, than in patients suffering from chronic haemorrhage. Many patients with iron-deficiency anaemia attend Brown Memorial Hospital, the chief causes being hookworm infestation, dietary deficiency, and gynaecological disorders. In view of the high incidence of this type of anaemia, it was decided to extend the routine haematological investigation of these patients to include biopsy of the gastric mucosa in an attempt to establish the incidence of gastritis and gastric atrophy, and also to see if there were any clinico-pathological associations which might shed further light on the pathogenesis of the gastric mucosal lesion.
Intrinsic photometric characterisation of stellar oscillations and granulation Solar reference values and CoRoT response functions

Context. Measuring amplitudes of solar-like oscillations and the granulation power spectral density constitute two promising sources of information to improve our understanding and description of the convection in outer layers of stars. However, different instruments, using different techniques and different bandpasses, give measurements that cannot be directly compared to each other or to theoretical values. Aims. In this work, we define simple response functions to derive intrinsic oscillation amplitudes and granulation power densities, from photometry measurements obtained with a specific instrument on a specific star. Methods. We test this method on different photometry data sets obtained on the Sun with two different instruments in three different bandpasses. Results. We show that the results are in good agreement and we establish reference intrinsic values for the Sun with photometry. We also compute the response functions of the CoRoT instrument for a range of parameters representative of the Main Sequence solarlike pulsators to be observed with CoRoT. We show that these response functions can be conveniently described by simple analytic functions of the effective temperature of the target star.