Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Powered Dual-Hop Multi-Antenna Relaying Systems: Impact of CSI and Antenna Correlation

This paper investigates the impact of the channel state information (CSI) and antenna correlation at the multi-antenna relay on the performance of wireless powered dual-hop amplify-and-forward relaying systems. Depending on the available CSI at the relay, two different scenarios are considered, namely, instantaneous CSI and statistical CSI where the relay has access only to the antenna correlation matrix. Adopting the power-splitting architecture, we present a detailed performance study for both cases. Closed-form analytical expressions are derived for the outage probability and ergodic capacity. In addition, simple high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) outage approximations are obtained. Our results show that, antenna correlation itself does not affect the achievable diversity order, the availability of CSI at the relay determines the achievable diversity order. Full diversity order can be achieved with instantaneous CSI, while only a diversity order of one can be achieved with statistical CSI. In addition, the transmit antenna correlation and receive antenna correlation exhibit different impacts on the ergodic capacity. Moreover, the impact of antenna correlation on the ergodic capacity also depends heavily on the available CSI and operating SNR.
Harry Potter: A comparison of the characters, themes, setting and plot with the Arthurian legend

The purpose of this study was to attempt to predict if Harry Potter is a re-creation of King Arthur and if the ending of the Potter stories will mirror that of King Arthur. This research focused on one series of King Arthur books written by Howard Pyle and the Harry Potter series written by J.K. Rowling. A content analysis chart was created and implemented to compare the two series of books. A content analysis chart was completed, first of the King Arthur series and then of the Harry Potter series. This archetypal chart was used to map the characters, themes, setting and plots of the two series. The data were compared and analyzed. The researcher determined a parallel between the King Arthur and Harry Potter series. The researcher then predicted the ending of the Harry Potter series based on the ending of the King Arthur series. The literary patterns found add to children’s understanding of literature. The past works, as demonstrated by the King Arthur Legend, influenced current works, as demonstrated by Harry Potter. This allows children to build upon what they have already read and relate it to future literature.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Summative Assessment and Tests on Students’ Motivation for Learning

This work is a review of the Assessment and Learning Research Synthesis Group (ALRSG). It was conducted following the procedures for systematic review developed by the EPPI-Centre and in collaboration with David Gough and Dina Kiwan, and with help from other members of the EPPI-Centre education team. Thanks The authors would like to thank the above and members of the EPPI-Centre team for their guidance and support during the conduct of the review. iv Acknowledgements This review was carried out with funding from the Nuffield Foundation and from the EPPI-Centre (Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Coordinating Centre). * This review has been updated since it was published originally. This update involves minor amendments only and has not changed the substantive findings of the review. hold the copyright for the text of their reviews. The EPPI-Centre owns the copyright for all material on the Website it has developed, including the contents of the databases, manuals, and keywording and data extraction systems. The Centre and authors give permission for users of the site to display and print the contents of the site for their own non-commercial use, providing that the materials are not modified, copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the materials are retained, and the source of the material is cited clearly following the citation details provided. Otherwise users are not permitted to duplicate, reproduce, re-publish, distribute, or store material from this Website without express written permission.
A Selective Medium for the Isolation and Quantification of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii Strains from Soils and Inoculants

The ecological examination of members of the family Rhizobiaceae has been hampered by the lack of a selective medium for isolation of root nodule bacteria from soil. A novel non-antibiotic-containing medium has been developed which allows selective isolation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii strains from soil and inoculants. The medium, BJSM, is based on the resistance of B.japonicum and B. elkanii strains to more than 40 μg of the metals ions Zn2+ and Co2+ per ml. BJSM does not allow growth of Rhizobium sp. strains. We used BJSM to isolate bacteria from a Hubbard soil and from several commercially prepared soybean inoculants. Ninety-eight percent of the isolates obtained from Hubbard soil nodulated Glycine max cv. Kasota, and between 55 and 95% of the isolates from the commercial inoculants had the ability to nodulate soybeans. Numbers of bradyrhizobia obtained by using BJSM, strain-specific fluorescent antibodies, and the most-probable-number plant infection assay indicated that the three techniques were comparable in quantifying B. japonicum strains in soils and inoculants, although most-probable-number counts were generally 0.5 order of magnitude greater than those obtained by using BJSM. Results of our studies indicate that BJSM is useful for direct isolation and quantification of B. japonicum and B. elkanii from natural soils and inoculants. This medium may prove to be an important tool for autecological and enumeration studies of diverse populations of bradyrhizobia and as a quality control method for soybean inoculants.
Identification of NOE models for a continuously variable semi-active damper

This paper discusses the identification of nonlinear black-box simulation models for a continuously variable, semi-active damper for a passenger car. Two model classes are considered and compared. While both classes have an output error model structure, the first class applies a polynomial approximation function and the second uses a neural network. The identification procedure automatically selects the regression variables by means of a state of the art model structure selection technique. Experimental validation of the proposed method shows that the obtained models are able to accurately simulate the dynamic damper behaviour.
Exploring the meaning of protection from abuse: problem construction in Scottish adult support and protection practice and policy

The literature is reviewed: (a) comparing models of abuse and protection applied at each stage of the lifespan; and (b) exploring abuse and protection issues with respect to individuals over time. A paucity of comparative and lifespan work in the field of abuse and protection is reported. Within the available literature, different types of knowledge are drawn upon and contrasted definitions of ‘abuse’ and ‘protection’ employed. Accordingly, the most significant findings of the review are in the dissonances and the gaps surrounding the substantive findings. Examples are presented to demonstrate this, while new directions for discussion and research are proposed.
CD25 Is a Marker for CD4+ Thymocytes That Prevent Autoimmune Diabetes in Rats, But Peripheral T Cells with This Function Are Found in Both CD25+ and CD25− Subpopulations1

Previously we have shown that autoimmune diabetes, induced in rats by a protocol of adult thymectomy and split-dose gamma irradiation, can be prevented by the transfer of a subset of CD4+ T cells with a memory phenotype (CD45RC−), as well as by CD4+CD8− thymocytes, from syngeneic donors. Further studies now reveal that in the thymus the regulatory cells are observed in the CD25+ subset of CD4+CD8− cells, whereas transfer of the corresponding CD25− thymocyte subset leads to acceleration of disease onset in prediabetic recipients. However, in the periphery, not all regulatory T cells were found to be CD25+. In thoracic duct lymph, cells that could prevent diabetes were found in both CD25− and CD25+ subsets of CD4+CD45RC− cells. Further, CD25− regulatory T cells were also present within the CD4+CD45RC− cell subset from spleen and lymph nodes, but were effective in preventing diabetes only after the removal of CD25− recent thymic emigrants. Phenotypic analysis of human thymocytes showed the presence of CD25+ cells in the same proportions as in rat thymus. The possible developmental relationship between CD25+ and CD25− regulatory T cells is discussed.
Does Charity Begin at Home or Overseas?

We conducted a field experiment to find out whether a sample of the New Zealand general public preferred to give money to World Vision, an international development charity, or the Salvation Army, a local charity helping families in need. The majority of participants revealed a preference for giving to the local charity, rather than the international development charity. Participants were given the option of commenting on why they chose the charity they did, and we analyze these responses. We also analyze whether participants’ individual characteristics are correlated with the choice of charity.
Health services received by individuals with duchenne/becker muscular dystrophy

Introduction: Anecdotal reports from families and care providers suggest a wide variation in services received by individuals with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD). Methods: We documented the type and frequency of health services received by individuals with DBMD using the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research Network (MD STARnet) interview data released in June 2012. Interviews with eligible caregivers from 5 sites (Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Iowa, and western New York) were conducted from April 2007 to March 2012. Results: Two hundred ninety‐six caregivers (66% of those contactable) participated in the interview. There were significant differences among sites in the specialists seen and services received. Concurrence with cardiac recommendations was higher than that with respiratory recommendations. Conclusions: The results of this survey support and quantify the anecdotal reports from families and care providers regarding the disparities in services received by individuals with DBMD. It remains to be determined whether these differences affect outcomes. Muscle Nerve 53: 191–197, 2016
Separating Points by Parallel Hyperplanes— Characterization Problem

This paper deals with partitions of a discrete set S of points in a d-dimensional space, by h parallel hyperplanes. Such partitions are in a direct correspondence with multilinear threshold functions which appear in the theory of neural networks and multivalued logic. The characterization (encoding) problem is studied. We show that a unique characterization (encoding) of such multilinear partitions of S = {0,1,. , m - 1}d is possible within O(h ldr d2 ldr log to) bit rate per encoded partition. The proposed characterization (code) consists of(d+l)ldr(h+l) discrete moments having the order no bigger than 1. The obtained bit rate is evaluated depending on the mutual relations between h, d, and m. The optimality is reached in some cases.
Grammatical Distinctions in the Left Frontal Cortex Grammatical Distinctions in the Left Frontal Cortex

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Abstract & Selective deficits in producing verbs relative to nouns in speech are well documented in neuropsychology and have been associated with left hemisphere frontal cortical lesions resulting from stroke and other neurological disorders. The basis for these impairments is unresolved: Do they arise because of differences in the way grammatical categories of words are organized in the brain, or because of differences in the neural representation of actions and objects? We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to suppress the excitability of a portion of left prefrontal cortex and to assess its role in producing nouns and verbs. In one experiment subjects generated real words; in a second, they produced pseudowords as nouns or verbs. In both experiments , response latencies increased for verbs but were unaffected for nouns following rTMS. These results demonstrate that grammatical categories have a neuroanatomical basis and that the left prefrontal cortex is selectively engaged in processing verbs as grammatical objects. &
Histological reclassification, histochemical characterization and c-kit immunoexpression in renal cell carcinoma

Objectives: Renal cell carcinoma is the most lethal of all urologic malignancies. Several parameters such as histological subtype, nuclear grade and TNM staging help in determining the prognosis and treatment options. A newer therapeutic modality has been suggested based on expression of c-kit antigen by the tumor cells. This study was designed to evaluate various histological parameters and correlate them with c-kit expression. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 40 consecutive cases of renal epithelial tumors. Histological sections were reviewed and reclassified according to WHO (2004) classification and nuclear grade assessed. Hale's colloidal iron stain was done to identify the chromophobe variant. Immunostaining with c-kit was done and its expression was studied. The results were correlated and statistical significance was assessed. Results: The age range was 31-81 years, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Seventy per cent of the cases were clear cell RCC (ClRCC), 17.5% were chromophobe type, 7.5% were papillary RCCs and 5% cases were oncocytomas. Fuhrman nuclear grading revealed 60.5% cases to be of low grade and 39.5% high grade. Hale's colloidal iron staining was positive in chromophobe RCC and oncocytomas, while it was negative in ClRCC. Immunostaining with c-kit was positive only in oncocytomas. Conclusions: Clear cell RCC was the most common histological subtype of RCC. Clear cell RCC known to have a poor prognosis, showed a statistically significant higher nuclear grade than chromophobe and papillary RCCs which have a better prognosis. Hale's colloidal iron staining was extremely useful in distinguishing chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma from the granular cell variant of clear RCC. Our study revealed c-kit negativity in all RCC. As Imatinib could be ineffective in such tumors, its clinical activity has to be carefully assessed in such tumors through further studies.
Injectable Bone Tissue Engineering Using Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Patients suffering from bone defects are often treated with autologous bone transplants, but this therapy can cause many complications. New approaches are therefore needed to improve treatment for bone defects, and stem cell therapy presents an exciting alternative approach. Although extensive evidence from basic studies using stem cells has been reported, few clinical applications using stem cells for bone tissue engineering have been developed. We investigated whether injectable tissue‐engineered bone (TEB) composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet‐rich plasma was able to regenerate functional bone in alveolar deficiencies. We performed these studies in animals and subsequently carried out large‐scale clinical studies in patients with long‐term follow‐up; these showed good bone formation using minimally invasive MSC transplantation. All patients exhibited significantly improved bone volume with no side effects. Newly formed bone areas at 3 months were significantly increased over the preoperation baseline (p < .001) and reached levels equivalent to that of native bone. No significant bone resorption occurred during long‐term follow‐up. Injectable TEB restored masticatory function in patients. This novel clinical approach represents an effective therapeutic utilization of bone tissue engineering. STEM CELLS2013;31:572–580
THE SUBEXPONENTIAL PRODUCT CONVOLUTION OF TWO WEIBULL-TYPE DISTRIBUTIONS

Abstract Let X1 and X2 be two independent and nonnegative random variables with distributions F1 and F2, respectively. This paper proves that if both F1 and F2 are of Weibull type and fulfill certain easily verifiable conditions, then the distribution of the product X1X2, called the product convolution of F1 and F2, belongs to the class 𝒮* and, hence, is subexponential.
Scaling Software Security Analysis to Millions of Malicious Programs and Billions of Lines of Code

Software security is a big data problem. The volume of new software artifacts created far outpaces the current capacity of software analysis. This gap has brought an urgent challenge to our security community—scalability. If our techniques cannot cope with an ever increasing volume of software, we will always be one step behind attackers. Thus developing scalable analysis to bridge the gap is essential. In this dissertation, we argue that automatic code reuse detection enables an efficient data reduction of a high volume of incoming malware for downstream analysis and enhances software security by efficiently finding known vulnerabilities across large code bases. In order to demonstrate the benefits of automatic software similarity detection, we discuss two representative problems that are remedied by scalable analysis: malware triage and unpatched code clone detection. First, we tackle the onslaught of malware. Although over one million new malware are reported each day, existing research shows that most malware are not written from scratch; instead, they are automatically generated variants of existing malware. When groups of highly similar variants are clustered together, new malware more easily stands out. Unfortunately, current systems struggle with handling this high volume of malware. We scale clustering using feature hashing and perform semantic analysis using co-clustering. Our evaluation demonstrates that these techniques are an order of magnitude faster than previous systems and automatically discover highly correlated features and malware groups. Furthermore, we design algorithms to infer evolutionary relationships among malware, which helps analysts understand trends over time and make informed decisions about which malware to analyze first. Second, we address the problem of detecting unpatched code clones at scale. When buggy code gets copied from project to project, eventually all projects will need to be patched. We call clones of buggy code that have been fixed in only a subset of projects unpatched code clones. Unfortunately, code copying is usually ad-hoc and is often not tracked, which makes it challenging to identify all unpatched vulnerabilities in code basesat the scale of entire OS distributions. We scale unpatched code clone detection to spot over15,000 latent security vulnerabilities in 2.1 billion lines of code from the Linux kernel, allDebian and Ubuntu packages, and all C/C++ projects in SourceForge in three hours on asingle machine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest set of bugs ever reported in a single paper.
Differential effectiveness of group, individual, and conjoint treatments: An archival analysis of OQ-45 change trajectories

Abstract Objective: While empirically-supported treatment (EST) choices are continually expanding, choices regarding formats for delivery (individual only, group only, or conjoint [simultaneous individual & group]) are often determined by agency resources or clinician preference. Studies comparing individual and group formats have produced mixed results, while recent meta-analytic reviews support format equivalence. Method: We employed a multilevel model to test for outcome differences using the OQ-45 on an outpatient archival data set of clients receiving individual-only (n = 11,764), group-only (n = 152) or conjoint (n = 1557). Results: Individual and group outcomes were equivalent with some analyses showing conjoint trailing. Moderators of change included initial distress, treatment duration, intra-group dependency, and format. Conclusions: Results support meta-analytic findings of format equivalence in a naturalistic setting for group and individual. Referral practices and future results are discussed.
Lack of effect of intravenous immunoglobulins on tics: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND Case studies and a placebo-controlled study previously suggested the effectiveness of immunomodulatory therapy in patients with tic or related disorders whose symptoms show a relationship with streptococcal infections. No data are available on the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) on tic severity in unselected tic disorder patients. METHOD Thirty patients with a DSM-IV tic disorder were randomly assigned to IVIG (1 g/kg on 2 consecutive days; mean age = 28.71 years; range, 14-53 years) or placebo (mean age = 30.73 years; range, 14-63 years). Symptoms were rated with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and the Clinical Global Impressions scale of symptom change with regard to tic severity. These were used at baseline and on weeks 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 posttreatment, after which blinding was broken. The study was conducted from March through August 2002. RESULTS We observed no significant differences between both treatment groups regarding posttreatment changes in tic severity. Severity of obsessions and compulsions, which was in the subclinical range, decreased significantly in the IVIG group compared with the placebo group at week 6 (p =.02). Then, there was a 32.3% improvement in the IVIG group compared with baseline. Though this improvement was maintained over the following 8 weeks, no statistically significant differences between the IVIG and the placebo group with regard to improvements in obsessions and compulsions were detected at subsequent assessments. IVIG treatment was associated with significantly more side effects than placebo, most notably headache. CONCLUSION Based on the present results, IVIG cannot be recommended in tic disorders.
High intensity, interval exercise improves quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity, interval exercise on quality of life (QoL) and depression status, in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (phase III). Of the 100 consecutive CHF patients (NYHA classes II-IV, ejection fraction ≤ 50%) that were randomly allocated to exercise intervention (n = 50, high-intensity intermittent endurance training 30 s at 100% of max workload, 30 s at rest, for 45 min/day-by-12 weeks) or no exercise advice (n = 50), 72 (exercise group, n = 33, 63 ± 9 years, 88% men, 70% ischemic CHF and control group, n = 39, 56 ± 11 years, 82% men, 70% ischemic CHF) completed the study. QoL was assessed using the validated and translated Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire. Depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the validated and translated Zung Depression Rating Scale (ZDRS). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2max)) were also measured breath-by-breath. RESULTS Data analysis demonstrated that in the intervention group MLHFQ score was reduced by 66% (P = 0.003); 6-min-walk distance increased by 13% (P < 0.05), VO(2max) level increased by 31% (P = 0.001), VCO(2max) level increased by 28% (P = 0.001) and peak power output increased by 25% (P = 0.001), as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION High intensity, systematic aerobic training, could be strongly encouraged in CHF patients, since it improves QoL, by favorably modifying their fitness level.