Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oligomerization of a membrane protein correlates with its retention in the Golgi complex

The first membrane-spanning domain (m1) of the M glycoprotein of avian coronavirus (formerly called E1) is sufficient to retain this protein in the cis-Golgi. When the membrane-spanning domain of a protein which is efficiently delivered to the plasma membrane (VSV G protein) is replaced with m1, the resulting chimera (Gm1) is retained in the Golgi (Swift, A. M., and C. E. Machamer. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:19-30). When assayed in sucrose gradients, we observed that Gm1 formed a large oligomer, and that much of this oligomer was SDS resistant and stayed near the top of the stacking gel of an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The unusual stability of the oligomer allowed it to be detected easily. Gm1 mutants with single amino acid substitutions in the m1 domain that were retained in the Golgi complex formed SDS-resistant oligomers, whereas mutants that were rapidly released to the plasma membrane did not. Oligomerization was not detected immediately after synthesis of Gm1, but occurred gradually with a lag of approximately 10 min, suggesting that it is not merely aggregation of misfolded proteins. Furthermore, oligomerization did not occur under several conditions that block ER to Golgi transport. The lumenal domain was not required for oligomerization since another chimera (alpha m1G), where the lumenal domain of Gm1 was replaced by the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, also formed an SDS-resistant oligomer, and was able to form hetero-oligomers with Gm1 as revealed by coprecipitation experiments. SDS resistance was conferred by the cytoplasmic tail of VSV G, because proteolytic digestion of the tail in microsomes containing Gm1 oligomers resulted in loss of SDS resistance, although the protease-treated material continued to migrate as a large oligomer on sucrose gradients. Interestingly, treatment of cells with cytochalasin D blocked formation of SDS-resistant (but not SDS- sensitive) oligomers. Our data suggest that SDS-resistant oligomers form as newly synthesized molecules of Gm1 arrive at the Golgi complex and may interact (directly or indirectly) with an actin-based cytoskeletal matrix. The oligomerization of Gm1 and other resident proteins could serve as a mechanism for their retention in the Golgi complex.
REPLY TO "Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcings over the past six centuries: A comment." By S. McIntyre and R. McKitrick

McIntyre and McKitrick (1) (henceforth MM04) are incorrect with respect to each major point they raise, including those concerning the main data sets we used and the principal components algorithm with which we condensed proxy data in heavily represented regions. Contrary to the assertions of MM04, we here demonstrate our original reconstruction (2) is statistically robust and their criticisms of our reconstruction are without merit. All paleoclimate reconstructions depend on the data sets used in the reconstruction. Not surprisingly, MM04 find that changing the data set leads to different results. MM04 fail to note, however, a vital step in the process of developing such reconstructions, namely validating the statistical model used to convert proxy records to estimates of past climate. This is usually done by developing estimates of the climate variable of interest, or " reconstructions " , for a period covered by instrumental data not included in the training, or calibration, period of the model. Unlike our original reconstructions, and several variants described below, MM04 do not report such tests. We will show that censoring our data set as they did produces a reconstruction similar to theirs that does not pass validation tests and, unlike ours, bears no resemblance to the
A parent completed questionnaire to describe the patterns of wheezing and other respiratory symptoms in infants and preschool children

Aim: To develop a standardised and validated respiratory symptom questionnaire for use in epidemiological or follow up studies in infants and preschool children. Methodology: After initial design and development, the questionnaire was administered to two cohorts of subjects, one recruited from a respiratory clinic and the other from a postnatal ward. The two cohorts then repeated the questionnaire, two weeks apart. The qualities of the questionnaire were assessed. Results: Response rate to the initial questionnaire was 100% for the clinic based cohort and 64% for postnatally recruited families (total number of subjects 114). Questions showed good to moderate short term reliability (weighted kappa scores 0.47–0.7; average correct classification rates 0.74–0.91). Four domain concept scores showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha scores 0.87–0.95). Using principal component factor analysis, four new domains were devised showing acceptable construct validity and internal consistency. Criterion validity was assessed using a respiratory physician based diagnosis of asthma (RPBDA) as the gold standard for comparison. All eight scales in the questionnaire could significantly distinguish between infants with RPBDA and well or mildly symptomatic subjects. Conclusion: We have developed a practical, acceptable questionnaire with eight concept domains for use in infants and preschool children. The questionnaire has strong construct validity and internal consistency with good short term reliability of questions. More detailed study of criterion validity and the responsiveness of the questionnaire is required using a larger population and including children with the different phenotypes of wheezy illness.
Approaches for Developing Intercultural Competence: An Extended Learning Model With Implications From Cultural Neuroscience

In today’s workplace, organizations invest widely in intercultural training programs to develop leaders’ and employees’ abilities to function effectively overseas or in a culturally diverse work environment. However, these training programs are often perceived as ineffective or are even occasionally suspected of increasing the biases between groups from varied backgrounds. Faced with such results, the emerging field of cultural neuroscience has provided a biological perspective to explain the contradictions between training goals and outcomes. This article first discusses the prevailing training approaches and reviews recent studies in cultural neuroscience to explore neural reasons for certain cultural behaviors. It then identifies three implications from this review and presents an extended experiential learning model. Finally it provides three suggestions for intercultural training design.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND EMPLOYEE CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL RESPECT

The study investigates the moderating effect of organizational respect on the association between organization justice perceptions and contextual performance. Researchers have hypothesized that organizational respect moderates the association between organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interactional) and contextual performance. In a randomized sample of 385 nurses, dispensers and doctors to whom the self-administrated questionnaires were distributed, it was established that organizational justice predicts contextual performance very well. Multiple moderation regression (MMR) results also reveal that organizational respect moderates the association between organizational justice and contextual performance. The results from the existing study, offer some valuable practical implications at organizational level. Managers can boost up employees performance by promoting organizational respect and focusing on their fair interaction with subordinates and group members. Our major limitation is that workers rate themselves about their contextual performance. There is a tendency that in self-appraisal workers rate themselves high. Inspite of the limitations are there, yet this study is novel and unique as organizational respect was tested for its moderating effect in the health sector of Pakistan.
Combination Optimization Research on Grey Model and Support Vector Machine

Grey Model and Support Vector Machine are fit for prediction in the small size of data, their advantages and disadvantages are probed in this paper at first. And then, the combined model is proposed, which combines Grey Model and Support Vector Machine with optimal weights. The weights are obtained and optimized by minimizing the sum of squared residuals standard. Some experiments compared with Grey Model and Support Vector Machine are done, and the experimental results show that the combined model proposed are not only more effective and reliable, but also can further improve the precision prediction.
A neurophysiological investigation of mindfulness training in secondary schools: Modifications in cognitive control and emotion processing in adolescents

Over the last decade an increasing number of studies have investigated the impact of mindfulness-based training on young people’s well-being and cognitive performance. There has also been an upsurge of interest from educators and policy makers given the potential of mindfulness training to enhance well-being, which is becoming a key area of health and education policy change. Despite this keen interest, our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying mindfulness from a developmental perspective is limited. Nevertheless, such understanding could help guide further research and implementation efforts within education. To that end, this project aimed to discuss and evaluate a mindfulness-based training programme for older adolescents who are at a sensitive period of psychological development, both from a neurodevelopmental and clinical mental health perspective. The first three chapters of this thesis provide its theoretical grounding, including an overview of the current state of adolescent well-being, a review of developmental and neuroscientific mindfulness intervention research, and introduces electroencephalographic methodology. Chapters Four and Five then outline the longitudinal mindfulness intervention studies with 16-18 year old students following a non-randomised wait-list control design. The findings indicated that an 8-week mindfulness programme can result in enhanced attention inhibition for task-irrelevant stimuli (indexed by more a negative N200 event-related potential [ERP]) and sustained attention to emotional faces (marked by maintained P3b positivity over time). These ERP modifications were supported by converging evidence from self-report measures – increases in metacognition and well-being, as well as high levels of course acceptability. The potential ramifications of these findings are discussed further in Chapters Six and Seven, including the broader implications for further developmental research on mindfulness, and well-being policy in schools. In conclusion, mindfulness-based training in schools may facilitate specific neural maturation processes in older adolescents, particularly within the frontal lobe regions associated with cognitive control, which could positively impact their learning and emotion regulation skills.
Stochastic modeling in nanoscale biophysics: Subdiffusion within proteins

Advances in nanotechnology have allowed scientists to study biological processes on an unprecedented nanoscale molecule-by-molecule basis, opening the door to addressing many important biological problems. A phenomenon observed in recent nanoscale single-molecule biophysics experiments is subdiffusion, which largely departs from the classical Brownian diffusion theory. In this paper, by incorporating fractional Gaussian noise into the generalized Langevin equation, we formulate a model to describe subdiffusion. We conduct a detailed analysis of the model, including (i) a spectral analysis of the stochastic integro-differential equations introduced in the model and (ii) a microscopic derivation of the model from a system of interacting particles. In addition to its analytical tractability and clear physical underpinning, the model is capable of explaining data collected in fluorescence studies on single protein molecules. Excellent agreement between the model prediction and the single-molecule experimental data is seen.
Novel SSR Markers from BAC-End Sequences, DArT Arrays and a Comprehensive Genetic Map with 1,291 Marker Loci for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important cool season food legume, cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The goal of this study was to develop novel molecular markers such as microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-end sequences (BESs) and diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers, and to construct a high-density genetic map based on recombinant inbred line (RIL) population ICC 4958 (C. arietinum)×PI 489777 (C. reticulatum). A BAC-library comprising 55,680 clones was constructed and 46,270 BESs were generated. Mining of these BESs provided 6,845 SSRs, and primer pairs were designed for 1,344 SSRs. In parallel, DArT arrays with ca. 15,000 clones were developed, and 5,397 clones were found polymorphic among 94 genotypes tested. Screening of newly developed BES-SSR markers and DArT arrays on the parental genotypes of the RIL mapping population showed polymorphism with 253 BES-SSR markers and 675 DArT markers. Segregation data obtained for these polymorphic markers and 494 markers data compiled from published reports or collaborators were used for constructing the genetic map. As a result, a comprehensive genetic map comprising 1,291 markers on eight linkage groups (LGs) spanning a total of 845.56 cM distance was developed (http://cmap.icrisat.ac.in/cmap/sm/cp/thudi/). The number of markers per linkage group ranged from 68 (LG 8) to 218 (LG 3) with an average inter-marker distance of 0.65 cM. While the developed resource of molecular markers will be useful for genetic diversity, genetic mapping and molecular breeding applications, the comprehensive genetic map with integrated BES-SSR markers will facilitate its anchoring to the physical map (under construction) to accelerate map-based cloning of genes in chickpea and comparative genome evolution studies in legumes.
Walking the Talk: Expectations and Intentions of a Popular Education Workshop

Popular education programs allow for collective agenda setting and flexibility, and also to carefully and respectfully design activities that bring in all voices and level the power in the room. Popular education methods help to raise awareness and engage with stakeholders to support topics, such as social justice, human rights, collective power, and nonviolent responses. This study examines the explicit and implicit intentions and expectations of participants who have engaged in popular education workshops related to authentic leadership. This instrumental case study examines the reflective writing of 13 participants from two popular education workshops. To analyze the 26 reflections, the co-researchers individually coded a set of four reflections and then worked with a partner to compare their coding results. Themes were developed from the coded data. The themes included the Center as a destination, seeking renewal and inspiration, personal growth and learning gained from the experience, open minded and flexible expectations, interest in the topic, and professional and academic growth and networking. We suggest ways to build in components of a popular education program to other settings, such as building community, storytelling and sharing, and establishing group norms.
Please Scroll down for Article Language and Cognitive Processes Theory-based Considerations Influence the Interpretation of Generic Sentences

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The reasons that promote the resilience of a Somali community residing in Fordsburg/Mayfair, Johannesburg

Since 2012 more than 295 676 migrants have arrived in South Africa. Somalis form one of the most visible migrant minorities in the country. Since various studies have been conducted into the mistreatment of migrants and its psychological effects, this study aimed to investigate the reasons that led to the resilience of the Somali community residing in Fordsburg/Mayfair, Johannesburg despite the challenges they encountered. The sample for the study was selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of face-to-face semi-structured interviews and subsequently analysed following Colaizzi’s (1978) descriptive phenomenological method of data analysis. The findings of the study show that the participants experienced several challenges en route to South Africa and once they reached the country. Their resilience can be attributed to reasons such as individual determination to achieve change, the Somali communal culture, religion and spirituality, the family spirit, gender role adaptation and hard work.
Limiting the power consumption of main memory

The peak power consumption of hardware components affects their powersupply, packaging, and cooling requirements. When the peak power consumption is high, the hardware components or the systems that use them can become expensive and bulky. Given that components and systems rarely (if ever) actually require peak power, it is highly desirable to limit power consumption to a less-than-peak power budget, based on which power supply, packaging, and cooling infrastructure scan be more intelligently provisioned. In this paper, we study dynamic approaches for limiting the powerconsumption of main memories. Specifically, we propose four techniques that limit consumption by adjusting the power states of thememory devices, as a function of the load on the memory subsystem. Our simulations of applications from three benchmarks demonstrate that our techniques can consistently limit power to a pre-established budget. Two of the techniques can limit power with very low performance degradation. Our results also show that, when using these superior techniques, limiting power is at least as effective an energy-conservation approach as state-of-the-art technique sexplicitly designed for performance-aware energy conservation. These latter results represent a departure from current energy management research and practice.
Real-time measurements of local myocardium motion and arterial wall thickening

We have already developed a new method, namely, the phased tracking method, to track the movement of the heart wall and arterial wall accurately based on both the phase and magnitude of the demodulated signals to determine the instantaneous position of an object. This method has been realized by an off-line measurement system, which cannot be applied to transient evaluation of rapid response of the cardiovascular system to physiological stress. In this paper, therefore, a real-time system to measure change in the thickness of the myocardium and the arterial wall is presented. In this system, an analytic signal from standard ultrasonic diagnostic equipment is analogue-to-digital (A/D) converted at a sampling frequency of 1 MHz. By pipelining and parallel processing using four high-speed digital signal processing (DSP) chips, the method described is realized in real time. The tracking results for both sides of the heart and/or arterial wall are superimposed on the M (motion)-mode image in the work station (WS), and the thickness changes of the heart and/or arterial wall are also displayed and digital-to-analogue (D/A) converted in real time. From the regional change in thickness of the heart wall, spatial distribution of myocardial motility and contractility can be evaluated. For the arterial wall, its local elasticity can be evaluated by referring to the blood pressure. In in vivo experiments, the rapid response of the change in wall thickness of the carotid artery to the dose of the nitroglycerine (NTG) is evaluated. This new real-time system offers potential for quantitative diagnosis of myocardial motility, early stage atherosclerosis, and the transient evaluation of the rapid response of the cardiovascular system to physiological stress.
A Mood Driven Computational Model for Gross Emotion Regulation Process Paradigm

Judgments, preferences, and other cognitive tasks entail an emotional foundation and cannot function in an emotional vacuum. This essential emotional component how- ever, needs to be continuously monitored. Emotion regulation strategies target the potential risk of having inappropriate level of emotions in the process of decision making. This study is a follow-up on a formerly proposed computational model for emotion regulation strategies based on Gross theory and applies several enhancements to it. In particular, we extend the dynamism and realism of the original model by considering a dynamic environment in which we study the effect of emotion eliciting events such as psychiatric therapies or traumas occurring during the simulation period. Furthermore, the new model uses an emotion-dependent regulation process based on the mood of individuals. This approach is consistent with human behavior in the real life. In addition, some key pa- rameters in our proposed computational model, such as emotion persistence factor were made adaptive. Results obtained from the simulation experiments using our proposed model show further consistency with the base theory.
Emergency department quality: an analysis of existing pediatric measures.

OBJECTIVES The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended the development of national standards for the measurement of emergency care performance. The authors undertook this study with the goals of enumerating and categorizing existing performance measures relevant to pediatric emergency care. METHODS Potential performance measures were identified through a survey of 1) the peer-reviewed literature, 2) websites of organizations and societies pertaining to quality improvement, and 3) emergency department (ED) directors. Performance measures were enumerated and categorized, using consensus methods, on three dimensions: 1) the IOM quality domains; 2) Donabedian's structure/process/outcome framework; and 3) general, cross-cutting, or disease-specific measures. RESULTS A total of 405 performance measures were found for potential use for pediatric emergency care. When categorized by IOM domain, nearly half of the measures were related to effectiveness, while only 6% of measures addressed patient-centeredness. In the Donabedian dimension, 67% of measures were categorized as process measures, with 29% outcome and 4% structure measures. Finally, 31% of measures were general measures relevant to every ED visit. Although 225 measures (55%) were disease-specific, the majority (56%) of these measures related to only five common conditions. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of performance measures relevant to pediatric emergency care are available. However, measures lack a systematic and comprehensive approach to evaluate the quality of care provided.