Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and VEGF expression in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma and hepatoma cells

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is overexpressed in many human tumors and their metastases, and is closely associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol, a natural product commonly found in grapes and various other fruits, on hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human tongue squamous cell carcinomas and hepatoma cells. Our results showed that resveratrol significantly inhibited both basal level and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation in cancer cells, but did not affect HIF-1α mRNA levels. Pretreatment of cells with resveratrol significantly reduced hypoxia-induced VEGF promoter activities and VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels. The mechanism of resveratrol inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation seems to involve a gradually shortened half-life of HIF-1α protein caused by an enhanced protein degradation through the 26S proteasome system. In addition, resveratrol remarkably inhibited hypoxia-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation and VEGF transcriptional activation. Functionally, we observed that resveratrol also significantly inhibited the hypoxia-stimulated invasiveness of cancer cells. These data suggested that HIF-1α/VEGF could be a promising drug target for resveratrol in the development of an effective chemopreventive and anticancer therapy in human cancers.
Stare in the Crowd: Frontal Face Guides Overt Attention Independently of its Gaze Direction

Whether or not a stare in the midst of many faces can guide visual attention is a controversial issue. Two experiments are reported that investigate the hypothesis that visual attention is guided toward a frontal face in the search for a stare among faces with varied head angles. The participants were required to search for a face with a direct gaze in a context where the target could be at any of various head angles and the target's head angle was unpredictable in one trial. The search performance was better for a frontal-face target than for deviated-face targets. Furthermore, eye-movement analyses revealed that a frontal-face stimulus tended to be initially fixated prior to deviated-face stimuli, and many of the initially fixated frontal-face stimuli had an averted gaze. The findings suggest that a frontal face guides overt attention independently of its gaze direction in the search for a stare in a crowd. The validity of prioritising a frontal face in order to find a direct gaze among faces and the characteristics of a human-face detection system are discussed.
Robust web extraction: an approach based on a probabilistic tree-edit model

On script-generated web sites, many documents share common HTML tree structure, allowing wrappers to effectively extract information of interest. Of course, the scripts and thus the tree structure evolve over time, causing wrappers to break repeatedly, and resulting in a high cost of maintaining wrappers. In this paper, we explore a novel approach: we use temporal snapshots of web pages to develop a tree-edit model of HTML, and use this model to improve wrapper construction. We view the changes to the tree structure as suppositions of a series of edit operations: deleting nodes, inserting nodes and substituting labels of nodes. The tree structures evolve by choosing these edit operations stochastically. Our model is attractive in that the probability that a source tree has evolved into a target tree can be estimated efficiently--in quadratic time in the size of the trees--making it a potentially useful tool for a variety of tree-evolution problems. We give an algorithm to learn the probabilistic model from training examples consisting of pairs of trees, and apply this algorithm to collections of web-page snapshots to derive HTML-specific tree edit models. Finally, we describe a novel wrapper-construction framework that takes the tree-edit model into account, and compare the quality of resulting wrappers to that of traditional wrappers on synthetic and real HTML document examples.
Gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling

We describe how to compute planar gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling in = 4 super Yang Mills by using the gauge/string duality. The computation boils down to finding a certain classical string configuration whose boundary conditions are determined by the gluon momenta. The results are infrared divergent. We introduce the gravity version of dimensional regularization to define finite quantities. The leading and subleading IR divergencies are characterized by two functions of the coupling that we compute at strong coupling. We compute also the full finite form for the four point amplitude and we find agreement with a recent ansatz by Bern, Dixon and Smirnov.
Addition of lipid to the photosynthetic membrane: effects on membrane structure and energy transfer

We have carried out a series of experiments in which the lipid composition of the photosynthetic membrane has been altered by the addition of lipid from a defined source under experimental conditions. Liposomes prepared by sonication are mixed with purified photosynthetic membranes obtained from spinach chloroplasts and are taken through cycles of freezing and thawing. Several lines of evidence, including gel electrophoresis and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, indicate that an actual addition of lipid has taken place. Structural analysis by freeze-fracture shows that intramembrane particles are widely separated after the addition of large amounts of lipid, with one exception: large hexagonal lattices of particles appear in some regions of the membrane. These lattices are identical in appearance with lattices formed from a single purified component of the membrane known as chlorophyll-protein complex II. The suggestion that the presence of such lattices in lipid-enriched membranes reflects a profound rearrangement of photosynthetic structures has been confirmed by analysis of the fluorescence emission spectra of natural and lipid- enriched membranes. Specifically, lipid addition in each of the cases we have studied results in the apparent detachment of chlorophyll- protein complex II from photosynthetic reaction centers. It is concluded that specific arrangements of components in the photosynthetic membrane, necessary for the normal functioning of the membrane in the light reaction of photosynthesis, can be regulated to a large extent by the lipid content of the membrane.
Europe `United in Diversity'

Political and cultural diversity in contemporary Europe can be encountered on many levels and in a variety of forms. The significance of such political and cultural diversity is, however, differently understood, and conceptualized, and not always sufficiently appreciated in distinct perceptions of Europe. A variety of perceptions of Europe have played a role in the project of Eastern enlargement, even if a communitarian/unitarian vision of a single European identity seemed to prevail. Such a vision was not only promoted by Western European political forces, but also actively endorsed by some of the new-comers themselves, who, in a way, embedded the unitarian understanding of European identity in their local self-identification as `Central Europe'. A unitary vision of Europe was, however, at odds with a number of connotations associated with the myth of a distinct Central European identity as it had emerged in the 1980s. The article identifies three understandings of the idea of Central Europe as they have historically emerged, and suggests their contemporary relevance for the European integration project. Subsequently, the usage and understanding of Central Europe will be briefly looked at in the context of the fifth enlargement project. Finally, the future of political and cultural integration in the post-enlargement era is hypothesized. While the unitary vision of European identity remains an important marker, a diversity-sensitive, post-national, and deliberative understanding of European identity seems increasingly important, an identity that can significantly build on an emancipatory reading of Central Europe.
Integrating dimensional assessment and categorical diagnosis in DSM-5: The benefits and challenges of the paradigm shift for the anxiety disorders

With DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) strongly encourages clinicians and researchers to supplement traditional categorical diagnoses with dimensional ratings of severity. To that end, several scales have been created for or adopted by the APA that are brief, psychometrically sound, and easily accessible. Despite these scales' inclusion in the text and online, awareness of them remains low one year after DSM-5's publication. In the present paper, we review the APA's guidelines for dimensional assessment and examine several issues relevant to dimensional assessment including: persuading clinicians of the utility of dimensional assessment, raising awareness of the scales, establishing guidelines for interpretation, incorporating data from multiple informants, assessment across diverse groups, and the risks and benefits of scales accessible to the general public. These issues will be illustrated through the example of the anxiety disorders, due to the fact that this diagnostic category has made significant progress with regard to dimensional classification.
Cortical Plasticity Induced by Short-Term Unimodal and Multimodal Musical Training

Learning to play a musical instrument requires complex multimodal skills involving simultaneous perception of several sensory modalities: auditory, visual, somatosensory, as well as the motor system. Therefore, musical training provides a good and adequate neuroscientific model to study multimodal brain plasticity effects in humans. Here, we investigated the impact of short-term unimodal and multimodal musical training on brain plasticity. Two groups of nonmusicians were musically trained over the course of 2 weeks. One group [sensorimotor-auditory (SA)] learned to play a musical sequence on the piano, whereas the other group [auditory (A)] listened to and made judgments about the music that had been played by participants of the sensorimotor-auditory group. Training-induced cortical plasticity was assessed by recording the musically elicited mismatch negativity (MMNm) from magnetoencephalographic measurements before and after training. SA and A groups showed significantly different cortical responses after training. Specifically, the SA group showed significant enlargement of MMNm after training compared with the A group, reflecting greater enhancement of musical representations in auditory cortex after sensorimotor-auditory training compared with after mere auditory training. Thus, we have experimentally demonstrated that not only are sensorimotor and auditory systems connected, but also that sensorimotor-auditory training causes plastic reorganizational changes in the auditory cortex over and above changes introduced by auditory training alone.
She Works Hard for the Money: Household Responsibilities and the Allocation of Work Effort

Recent developments in human capital theory suggest that men and women differ in how they allocate effort to work activities. This paper uses the 1973 and 1977 Quality of Employment Surveys to test the assumtion that women allocate less effort to work because of their family and household responsibilities. Regression and ordered probit analyses show that, on average, women allocate more effort to work than do men. Further, the sex difference is substantial when men and women with comparable family situations and market human capital are compared. The paper discusses how experiments on sex differences in standards of "personal entitlement" and research on sex-segregated workplaces provide an alternative to the economists' perspective. Finally, the paper argues for an integration of human capital models, research on social equity, and structural theories of work organization in order to provide a more complete explanation of men's and women's orientations toward work and family.
Sexual satisfaction in long-term heterosexual relationships: The interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction

This study examined the validity of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction (IEMSS) in long-term, heterosexual sexual relationships. The IEMSS proposes that sexual satisfaction depends on one's levels of rewards and costs in the sexual relationship, one's comparison levels (CL) for rewards/costs, and one's perceptions of the dyadic equality (EQ) of these rewards/costs. Sexual satisfaction is expected to be greater to the extent that, over time, levels of rewards (REW) exceed levels of costs (CST), relative reward levels (CLREW) exceed relative cost levels (CLcst), and interpersonal equality of rewards (EQrew) and of costs (EQCST) is perceived to exist. Married/cohabiting community volunteers and university alumni/staff completed two questionnaires, 3 months apart. The results obtained from this well-educated, relationally satisfied sample (N= 143) provided excellent support for the IEMSS. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that each component of the model (REW - CST, CLrew - CLcst, and EQrew, EQcst) added to the prediction of sexual satisfaction as expected, accounting for 75% of the variance. Repeated measurement of the IEMSS components offered a better prediction of sexual satisfaction than a one-time measure alone. Neither gender nor relationship satisfaction interacted with the IEMSS components. However, including relationship satisfaction (but not gender) in the model significantly improved the prediction of sexual satisfaction. It was concluded that the model should be revised to include relationship satisfaction. Both the exchange components of the IEMSS and sexual satisfaction uniquely predicted relationship satisfaction. The IEMSS offers a promising approach for understanding sexual satisfaction and its relationship to relationship satisfaction, as well as for reconciling inconsistent findings in the literature.
Distribution and origin of the catecholaminergic innervation in the amphibian mesencephalic tectum

The mesencephalic tectum plays a prominent role in integrating both visual and multimodal sensory information essential for normal behavior in amphibians. Activity in the mesencephalic tectum is thought to be modulated by the influence of distinct neurochemical inputs, including the catecholaminergic and the cholinergic systems. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution and the origin of the catecholaminergic innervation of the mesencephalic tectum in two amphibian species, the anuran Rana perezi and the urodele Pleurodeles waltl. Immunohistochemistry for dopamine and two enzymes required for the synthesis of catecholamines, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), revealed a complex pattern of catecholaminergic (CA) innervation in the anuran and urodele mesencephalic tectum. Dopaminergic fibers were primarily present in deep tectal layers, whereas noradrenergic (DBH immunoreactive) fibers predominated in superficial layers. Catecholaminergic cell bodies were never observed within the tectum. To determine the origin of this innervation, applications of retrograde tracers into the optic tectum were combined with immunohistochemistry for TH. Results from these experiments demonstrate that dopaminergic neurons in the suprachiasmatic and juxtacommissural nuclei (in Rana) or in the nucleus pretectalis (in Pleurodeles), together with noradrenergic cells of the locus coeruleus, are the sources of CA input to the amphibian mesencephalic tectum. The present results suggest that similar CA modulatory inputs are present in the mesecencephalic tectum of both anurans and urodeles.
Comparison of the Instructional Contexts of Students with Severe Disabilities and Their Peers in General Education Classes

This study examined the instructional contexts of six students with severe disabilities and six peers without disabilities enrolled in the same general education classes. The two groups of students were compared on (a) the extent to which they were the exclusive focus of instruction; (b) the amount of one-to-one, small group, and whole group instruction that they received and the amount of independent work they were asked to complete; (c) who delivered instruction; and (d) the types of instructional interactions that were directed toward them. Data were collected using The Code for Instructional Structure and Academic Response — Mainstream Version (MS-CISSAR; Carta, Greenwood, Schwartz & Miller, 1990). The results indicate that students with severe disabilities were much more likely than their typically developing peers to have instruction focused exclusively on them and to receive one-to-one instruction. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for educational programs for this group of students and future research.
DO HABITAT POTENTIAL, POPULATION DENSITY, AND FIRES INFLUENCE SCRUB‐JAY SOURCE–SINK DYNAMICS?

The concept of source and sinks can guide conservation, but empirical studies are needed to demonstrate that this concept applies to the real world. We investigated whether the source–sink concept could help to clarify the influence of habitat potential (scrub ridge characteristics), population density, and fires (shrub heights) on Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) demography and dispersal. We mapped territories and measured survival, recruitment, emigration, immigration, and shrub heights annually for 12 years. We classified territories as oak if they overlapped well-drained ridges, oak–palmetto if they overlapped poorly drained ridges >0.4 ha, and palmetto–oak if they only overlapped poorly drained ridges <0.4 ha. Territory size differed little among these categories but was negatively correlated with the annual number of breeding pairs, which ranged from 12 to 27. Scrub ridge characteristics influenced the locations of sinks and potential sources, whereas population density and fires caused t.
The CD117 immunohistochemistry tissue microarray survey for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison: a College of American Pathologists Cell Markers Committee Study.

CONTEXT We have developed tissue microarray-based surveys to allow laboratories to compare their performance in staining predictive immunohistochemical markers, including proto-oncogene CD117 (c-kit), which is characteristically expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). GISTs exhibit activating mutations in the c-kit proto-oncogene, which render them amenable to treatment with imatinib mesylate. Consequently, correct identification of c-Kit expression is important for the diagnosis and treatment of GISTs. OBJECTIVE To analyze CD117 immunohistochemical staining performance by a large number of clinical laboratories. DESIGN A mechanical device was used to construct tissue microarrays consisting of 3 x 1-mm cores of 10 tumor samples, which can be used to generate hundreds of tissue sections from the arrayed cases, suitable for large-scale interlaboratory comparison of immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS An initial survey of 63 laboratories and a second survey of 90 laboratories, performed in 2004 and 2005, exhibited >81% concordance for 7 of 10 cores, including all 4 GIST cases, which were immunoreactive for CD117 with >95% staining concordance. Three of the cores achieved less than 81% concordance of results, possibly due to the presence of foci of necrosis in one core and CD117-positive mast cells in 2 cores of CD117-negative neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS There was good performance among a large number of laboratories performing CD117 immunohistochemical staining, with consistently higher concordance of results for CD117-positive GIST cases than for nonimmunoreactive cases. Tissue microarrays for CD117 and other predictive markers should be useful for interlaboratory comparisons, quality assurance, and education of participants regarding staining nuances such as the expression of CKIT by nonneoplastic mast cells.
Trauma-Related Altered States of Consciousness: Exploring the 4-D Model

Frewen and Lanius (in press) recently articulated a 4-D model as a framework for classifying symptoms of posttraumatic stress into those that potentially occur within normal waking consciousness (NWC) versus those that intrinsically represent dissociative experiences of trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC). Four dimensions were specified: time-memory, thought, body, and emotion. The 4-D model further hypothesizes that in traumatized persons, symptoms of TRASC, compared with NWC forms of distress, will be (a) observed less frequently; (b) less intercorrelated, especially as measured as moment-to-moment states; (c) observed more frequently in people with high dissociative symptomatology as measured independently; and (d) observed more often in people who have experienced repeated traumatization, particularly early developmental trauma. The aim of the present research was to begin to evaluate these 4 predictions of the 4-D model. Within a sample of 74 women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) primarily due to histories of childhood trauma, as well as within a 2nd sample of 504 undergraduates (384 females), the 1st 2 hypotheses of the 4-D model were supported. In addition, within the PTSD sample, the 3rd hypothesis was supported. However, inconsistent with the 4th hypothesis, severity of childhood trauma history was not strongly associated with TRASC. We conclude that the hypotheses articulated by the 4-D model were generally supported, although further research in different trauma-related disorders is needed, and the role of childhood trauma history in the etiology of TRASC requires further research.
Modeling of glitches due to rise/fall asymmetry in current-steering digital-to-analog converters

The current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is the most common type of DAC for high-speed applications. Glitches present in the DAC output contribute to nonlinear distortion in the DAC transfer characteristics degrading the circuit performance. One source of glitches is asymmetry in the settling behavior when switching on and off a current source. A behavioral-level model of this nonideal behavior is derived in this work. Further, a method with low computational complexity for estimating the influence of the modeled errors in the frequency domain is developed. This method can be utilized by circuit designers to derive circuit requirements for fulfilling a given frequency-domain specification, potentially relaxing the requirements compared with a worst-case analysis. Examples of model utilization are given in terms of an analytical examination and MATLAB simulations. A good agreement between simulated and analytical results is obtained.