Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students' beliefs, attitudes and intentions to major in accounting

Abstract This study extends the literature that uses the theory of planned behaviour in examining the factors that impact on students' intentions to major in accounting and non-accounting disciplines. A survey of a sample of business students enrolled in an introductory accounting course in a New Zealand University was conducted to gather data about their intended academic majors, and their beliefs and attitudes towards majoring in accounting and non-accounting. The results show that three factors (personal, referents, and control) are determinants of students' intention to major in accounting or other business disciplines. Further analysis revealed that the students' major intentions are influenced by important referents' perceptions. In particular, parents appear to have a stronger influence on students' intentions to major in accounting. Comparisons of differential personal perceptions by accounting and non-accounting majors revealed that accounting majors hold positive perceptions of some of the qualities of the study of accounting and the accounting profession. Significant differences were also found in the control perception between accounting and non-accounting major students.
Organizational Politics and Work Identity as Predictors of Organizational Commitment

Building on the organizational-politics (Kaemar & Baron, 1999) and social-identity (Hogg & Terry, 2000) literatures, we examined the moderating effect of work identity on the organizational-politics/organizational-commitment relationship. Data collected from 500 employees of a data-reporting organization and 943 employees of a customer-service organization indicate that employees who identified primarily with their occupations were less affected by the level of perceived politics in the organization in the consideration of their commitment than were employees who identified primarily with their employing organizations or one of its units. Implications for research and management practice are discussed.
Power and the quest for recognition: neo-traditional titles among the new elite in Nso', Cameroon

This article investigates the nature and structure of linkages between the urban elite and local institutions in their home villages in the Nso' area of north-west Cameroon. It argues that indigenous institutions provide a frame of reference for the negotiation of identity and the provision of security in a context where state institutions seem to have lost their raison d'être. The notion of a home village has become a defining factor in the urban–rural nexus which allows the elite to acquire resources from external sources which they in turn invest in the production of social and symbolic capital. The materialisation of this capital is manifested in the acquisition of neo-traditional titles. Under conditions of dire financial and material hardship some local traditional authorities have started to ‘commodity’ what was previously earned through merit and service to the group. Résumé Cet article étudie la nature et la structure des liens entre l'élite urbaine et les institutions locales dans les villages natals de la région de Nso', au nord-ouest du Cameroun. II constate que les institutions indigènes constituent un cadre de référence en matière de renforcement du sentiment d'identité et de sécurité lorsque les institutions étatiques semblent avoir perdu leur raison d'être. La notion de village natal est devenue un facteur déterminant du lien ville-campagne qui permet à l'élite d'acquérir des ressources extérieures qu'elle investit ensuite dans la production du capital social et symbolique. La matérialisatiion de ce capital se manifeste par l'acquisition de titres néotraditionnels. Dans les situations financièrs et matérielles difficiles, certaines autorités traditionnelles locales ont commencé à “marchandiser” ce qui se gagnait autrefois par le mérite et les services rendus à un groupe.
Students' Attitudes Toward Extracurricular Activity in an Institution of Higher Learning

The market in educational services that is taking shape these days requires that institutions of higher learning establish new guidelines and take new approaches in their work with students. This requirement entails the recreation of the system of upbringing work and the search for forms and methods of that kind of activity, in keeping with the needs of our time, based on the study of college students' value orientations. As is well known, upbringing in an educational institution is accomplished through the content of the process of the curriculum as well as outside of it, in extracurricular activity [1]. In an institution of higher learning, extracurricular work consists basically of three components: extracurricular activity on the part of the students, extracurricular work by the instructors and the students, and the system of administration of extracurricular activity. It is an essential element of the educational life of the students and of the professional activity of the instructors and administrators of the educational institution. For the educational institution, extracurricular activity is a part of the functions that it is to perform. The specific nature of the activity is linked to the fact that it is carried out in the time that is free from school work and the job of meeting daily needs, time when the student can decide on what activity to engage in.
Fiber tract‐specific white matter lesion severity Findings in late‐life depression and by AGTR1 A1166C genotype

Past work demonstrated that late‐life depression is associated with greater severity of ischemic cerebral hyperintense white matter lesions, particularly frontal lesions. However, these lesions are also associated with other neuropsychiatric deficits, so these clinical relationships may depend on which fiber tracts are damaged. We examined the ratio of lesion to nonlesioned white matter tissue within multiple fiber tracts between depressed and nondepressed elders. We also sought to determine if the AGTR1 A1166C and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms contributed to vulnerability to lesion development in discrete tracts. The 3T structural MR images and blood samples for genetic analyses were acquired on 54 depressed and 37 nondepressed elders. Lesion maps were created through an automated tissue segmentation process and applied to a probabilistic white matter fiber tract atlas allowing for identification of the fraction of the tract occupied by lesion. The depressed cohort exhibited a significantly greater lesion ratio only in the left upper cingulum near the cingulate gyrus (F(1,86) = 4.62, P = 0.0344), supporting past work implicating cingulate dysfunction in the pathogenesis of depression. In the 62 Caucasian subjects with genetic data, AGTR1 C1166 carriers exhibited greater lesion ratios across multiple tracts including the anterior thalamic radiation and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus. In contrast, BDNF Met allele carriers exhibited greater lesion ratios only in the frontal corpus callosum. Although these findings did not survive correction for multiple comparisons, this study supports our hypothesis and provides preliminary evidence that genetic differences related to vascular disease may increase lesion vulnerability differentially across fiber tracts. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A test of the submentalizing hypothesis: Apes' performance in a false belief task inanimate control

ABSTRACT Much debate concerns whether any nonhuman animals share with humans the ability to infer others' mental states, such as desires and beliefs. In a recent eye-tracking false-belief task, we showed that great apes correctly anticipated that a human actor would search for a goal object where he had last seen it, even though the apes themselves knew that it was no longer there. In response, Heyes proposed that apes' looking behavior was guided not by social cognitive mechanisms but rather domain-general cueing effects, and suggested the use of inanimate controls to test this alternative submentalizing hypothesis. In the present study, we implemented the suggested inanimate control of our previous false-belief task. Apes attended well to key events but showed markedly fewer anticipatory looks and no significant tendency to look to the correct location. We thus found no evidence that submentalizing was responsible for apes' anticipatory looks in our false-belief task.
Gers̆gorin-type eigenvalue inclusion theorems and their sharpness.

Here, we investigate the relationships between G ( A ) , the union of Gerˇsgorin disks, K ( A ) , the union of Brauer ovals of Cassini, and B ( A ) , the union of Brualdi lemniscate sets, for eigenvalue inclusions of an n × n complex matrix A . If σ ( A ) denotes the spectrum of A , we show here that σ ( A ) ⊆ B ( A ) ⊆ K ( A ) ⊆ G ( A ) is valid for any weakly irreducible n × n complex matrix A with n ≥ 2 . Further, it is evident that B ( A ) can contain the spectra of related n × n matrices. We show here that the spectra of these related matrices can ﬁll out B ( A ) . Finally, if G R ( A ) denotes the minimal Gerˇsgorin set for A , we show that G R ( A ) ⊆ B ( A ) .
The mediating effect of religiosity on advertising effectiveness

An experimental design is used to test the hypothesized negative relationship between the degree of religious commitment and the attitude and recall scores of TV advertisements perceived to include contentious elements. Tho samples are used, comprising British Christians and Muslims, split into conservatives and liberals depending on the strength of their religious beliefs. For both Christians and Muslims, respondents with higher levels of religious commitment had significantly less favourable attitudes towards the contentious messages and conservative Muslims had much lower recall scores than liberals. The results broadly supported the hypotheses.
Causes and Consequences of Conflict-Induced Displacement

Violent conflict causes millions of people to flee their homes every year. The resulting displacement crises not only create logistical and humanitarian nightmares, these crises threaten international security and risk the lives of displaced people, aid workers, and peacekeepers. Despite the dangers posed by conflict-induced displacement, scholars, policy makers and international organizations usually have only a partial understanding of these crises. Conflict-induced displacement consists of two main factors: 1) The violence that caused the displacement and 2) The characteristics of the resulting displacement crisis. Many observers fail to disaggregate each factor; rather lumping all types of violence together or viewing displaced people as an undifferentiated mass. This paper demonstrates that disaggregation of both concepts-causes of conflict-induced displacement and characteristics of a crisis—is necessary to understand fully the importance of displacement in international politics. The paper develops typologies to analyze those concepts and discusses the implications for future research on conflict-induced displacement.
Structural Basis for Broad Neutralization of Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies

Monoclonal antibodies directed against hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 protein can neutralize cell-cultured HCV and pseudoparticles expressing envelopes derived from multiple HCV subtypes. For example, based on antibody blocking experiments and alanine scanning mutagenesis, it was proposed that the AR3B monoclonal antibody recognized a discontinuous conformational epitope comprised of amino acid residues 396–424, 436–447, and 523–540 of HCV E2 envelope protein. Intriguingly, one of these segments (436–447) overlapped with hypervariable region 3 (HVR3), a domain that exhibited significant intrahost and interhost genetic diversity. To reconcile these observations, amino-acid sequence variability was examined and homology-based structural modelling of E2 based on tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) E protein was performed based on 413 HCV sequences derived from 18 subjects with chronic hepatitis C. Here we report that despite a high degree of amino-acid sequence variability, the three-dimensional structure of E2 is remarkably conserved, suggesting broad recognition of structural determinants rather than specific residues. Regions 396–424 and 523–540 were largely exposed and in close spatial proximity at the surface of E2. In contrast, region 436–447, which overlaps with HVR3, was >35 Å away, and estimates of buried surface were inconsistent with HVR3 being part of the AR3B binding interface. High-throughput structural analysis of HCV quasispecies could facilitate the development of novel vaccines that target conserved structural features of HCV envelope and elicit neutralizing antibody responses that are less vulnerable to viral escape.
A re‐examination of the epstein‐barr virus carrier state in healthy seropositive individuals

A panel of 24 healthy seropositive donors have been followed prospectively over a period of 15 months and monitored (1) for the level of EB virus shedding in the throat by means of a sensitive cord‐blood transformation assay; (2) for the level of virus‐infected B cells in the blood via a new in vitro protocol where “spontaneous transformation” can be seen to titrate against input cell number; (3) for anti‐EB viral antibody titres and (4) for the prevailing level of virus‐specific memory T cells in the circulation. Six donors shed easily detectable levels of EB virus into throat washings on every occasion of testing, whilst 16 other donors shed lower levels of virus detectable in throat washings on a majority (10 donors) or on a minority (6 donors) of test occasions; only 2/24 donors gave no evidence of virus shedding at any time. There was a direct relationship between the EB virus shedder status of an individual (i. e., the level of virus replication in the pharynx) and the number of infected B cells present in the circulation. These results indicate that chronic, usually low‐grade, replication of the virus at some permissive site in the oro‐and/or naso‐pharynx is very often a stable accompaniment of the asymptomatic EB virus carrier state, and may indeed be essential for the long‐term maintenance of that state.
The Effects of Armed Conflict on Girls and Women

This article discusses the gender-specific effects of armed conflict on girls and women that are addressed by the Machel Study. Among the most traumatic of these effects is sexual exploitation and gender-based violence, each having profound psychosocial consequences. Other gendered effects occur when girls are recruited as child soldiers, girls and women become internally and externally displaced refugees, and public health services, such as reproductive health care, are inadequate or unavailable. The Machel Study emphasizes women's proactive roles as peacebuilders and challenges governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to focus greater attention upon building women's capacities in order to better protect children's physical and psychosocial well-being.
Information Privacy in the Marketspace: Implications for the Commercial Uses of Anonymity on the Web

While there is no question that the commercial development of the World Wide Web is still in its infancy and growing rapidly, this development faces a serious barrier to ultimate commercialization. In this article we develop the argument that the primary barrier to the successful commercial development of the Web is the current lack of consumer trust in this new commercial medium. This lack of trust is engendered primarily by the industry's documented failure to respond satisfactorily to mounting consumer concerns over information privacy in electronic, networked environments. We examine how such concerns are affecting the growth and development of consumer-oriented commercial activity on the World Wide Web and investigate the implications of these concerns for potential industry response. In the short run, the commercial development of the Web depends on giving consumers the opportunity to be anonymous when engaging in information exchanges and online transactions. Ultimately, however, commercial Web pro.
Thermostable a-Amylase of Bacillus stearothermophilus

Some general and physical properties and the’ amino acid composition of the thermostable cr-amylase of Bacillus sbarothermophilus have been described in previous papers (l-3). In an effort to further correlate the thermostability of this enzyme with its molecular organization, a study of the structure of this protein has been undertaken. In this paper are reported the results of an investigation of the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues of this enzyme.
The effects of obesity, gender and specialty on perceptions of physicians’ social influence

This research examines the effects of obesity, gender, and specialty on the social influence of physicians. Recent research in other areas of social science indicates that the effects of gender are declining, but the effects of the obesity physical appearance dimension linger. For physicians, just the opposite seems to be the case. More significant gender effects than obesity effects were found. Some specialties also interact with gender and obesity. Moreover, the research describes an innovative use of morphing to manipulate and isolate the obesity stimulus.
‘The Troubles’, geographies of mental health in Northern Ireland and re-conceptualizing social capital

Current research suggests that the presence of social capital (Putnam, 1993) in a community setting positively affects physical and psychological health and well-being. Indeed, McKenzie et al. (2002) highlighted the impact of social context on mental health and noted that social capital may be influential in the incidence and prevalence of mental illness. The authors suggested that studies of the geographies of mental health could also be useful in understanding the relationship between social capital and psychological health and well-being but note that this relationship is likely to be complex. The purpose of this paper is to develop the commentary from McKenzie et al. further and consider the relationship between social capital, psychological health and a society experiencing conflict. Social capital is often described as the glue that holds society together, producing a positive environment for a community to foster and thrive. Little attention has focused on the relationship between social capital and psychological health and well-being when specific communities experience (and/or contribute to) political strife and civil disorder. One would assume that social capital at the horizontal level is minimal in these cases as civil conflict acts as a barrier to its production. This would have a deleterious effect on psychological health and well-being. The issues outlined above are explored in the context of one region of the United Kingdom currently experiencing civil conflict: Northern Ireland. Social capital theory is re-conceptualized in this light.
Turbulent Mixing in the Outer Solar Nebula

The effects of turbulence on the mixing of gases and dust in the outer solar nebula are examined using three-dimensional MHD calculations in the shearing-box approximation with vertical stratification. The turbulence is driven by the magnetorotational instability. The magnetic and hydrodynamic stresses in the turbulence correspond to an accretion time at the midplane about equal to the lifetimes of T Tauri disks, while accretion in the surface layers is 30 times faster. The mixing resulting from the turbulence is also fastest in the surface layers. The mixing rate is similar to the rate of radial exchange of orbital angular momentum, so that the Schmidt number is near unity. The vertical spreading of a trace species is well matched by solutions of a damped wave equation when the flow is horizontally averaged. The damped wave description can be used to inexpensively treat mixing in one-dimensional chemical models. However, even in calculations reaching a statistical steady state, the concentration at any given time varies substantially over horizontal planes, due to fluctuations in the rate and direction of the transport. In addition to mixing species that are formed under widely varying conditions, the turbulence intermittently forces the nebula away from local chemical equilibrium. The different transport rates in the surface layers and interior may affect estimates of the grain evolution and molecular abundances during the formation of the solar system.
A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, Magnaporthe oryzae, from M. grisea.

Magnaporthe oryzae is described as a new species distinct from M. grisea. Gene trees were inferred for Magnaporthe species using portions of three genes: actin, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin. These gene trees were found to be concordant and distinguished two distinct clades within M. grisea. One clade is associated with the grass genus Digitaria and is therefore nomenclaturally tied to M. grisea. The other clade is associated with Oryza sativa and other cultivated grasses and is described as a new species, M. oryzae. While no morphological characters as yet distinguish them, M. oryzae is distinguished from M. grisea by several base substitutions in each of three loci as well as results from laboratory matings; M.oryzae and M. grisea are not interfertile. Given that M. oryzae is the scientifically correct name for isolates associated with rice blast and grey leaf spot, continued use of M. grisea for such isolates would require formal nomenclatural conservation.
State-Sanctioned Sex: Negotiating Formal and Informal Regulatory Practices in Nevada Brothels

Nevada is the only state in the United States that sanctions legalized prostitution. With thirty-six existing brothel licenses, Nevada offers an important site for the sociological analysis of public sex policy. In this article we use policy analysis, interviews, and document research to examine formal and informal regulations that govern the licensing, business operations, and contemporary culture of Nevada's brothels. A decentralized, haphazard, and historically unique set of laws and norms have created and sustained the Nevada brothel industry. Nonetheless, this system of legalized prostitution is ingrained in the economic and social systems of rural Nevada and offers valuable sociological insights into public policies governing sex with ramifications that reach far beyond Nevada's boundaries. We conclude with six sociological insights regarding Nevada's brothel system that contribute to the ongoing academic and public dialogue on prostitution policy.
Satisfaction of what? Post hoc versus real-time construct validity.

Abstract Post hoc satisfaction (PHS) and real‐time satisfaction (RTS) are alternative ways to operationalize recreation satisfaction. PHS is an appraisal of a recrea‐tionist's current image of the recreation experience assessed after the on‐site activity has occurred. RTS is an appraisal of a recreationist's current state. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between these two constructs and their empirical operations. Satisfaction was assessed at 12 times during a day hike (RTS), on‐site immediately after the hike (PHS‐0), at home 3 months after the hike (PHS‐3), and at home 9 months after the hike (PHS‐9). Results indicate that PHS‐0 and the summary indicators of the RTS assessments were significantly related (R2 = .31, p < .01). The relation between PHS‐3 and RTS exhibited a reduced fit (R2 = .18, p < .01) and a still weaker fit between PHS‐9 and RTS (R2 = .04, p < .10). In addition, PHS‐0 was significantly greater than both PHS‐3 and PHS‐9. The analysis and discussion suggest that dif.