Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-Traumatic Growth among Marmara Earthquake Survivors Involved in Disaster Preparedness as Volunteers:

Although the negative mental health effects of traumatic experiences have been extensively examined, research has also demonstrated that people can experience a range of positive outcomes as a result of exposure to various kinds of traumatic life events. This study examined the impact of being a volunteer in a nongovernmental disaster preparedness organization, together with pre-disaster, within disaster and post-disaster variables, on posttraumatic growth among the survivors of the 1999 Marmara earthquake. The sample consisted of 200 survivors of the 1999 Marmara earthquake, 100 of whom are volunteers of the Kocaeli Neighborhood Disaster Volunteers Organization (NDV) and a control group of 100 survivors who are not volunteers, from two provinces with varying degrees of impact from the quake. Data were collected 4.5 years after the Marmara earthquake. The questionnaire used for data collection had items on socio-demographic variables, severity of subject's earthquake experiences, perceived social support and three scales assessing psychological distress, coping strategies, and stress related growth level. The results showed that, earthquake experience severity can be grouped into perceived severity of impact and perceived life threat, while coping consisted of problem focused, fatalistic, helplessness and escape coping approaches. Possible factors that may be related to growth were examined with regression analyses. The results showed that, using problem solving/optimistic and fatalistic coping, and being a disaster preparedness volunteer are significant predictors of post-traumatic growth. RESULTS also showed that the significance of being a volunteer appeared only after controlling for coping approaches. Language: en
A propositional model of implicit evaluation

Implicit evaluation can be defined as the automatic effect of stimuli on evaluative responses. A major advantage of this definition is that it is neutral with regard to the mental processes and representations that mediate implicit evaluation. Whereas many existing models postulate that implicit evaluation is mediated by the automatic spreading of activation along associations in memory, it is also possible to entertain the idea that implicit evaluation is due to the automatic formation or activation of propositions. In line with such a propositional model of implicit evaluation, evidence suggests that implicit evaluation (a) can be based on instructions and inferences, (b) is sensitive to information about how stimuli are related and (c) can reflect several propositions that differ only with regard to how stimuli are related. Although it might be difficult to differentiate between propositional models on the one hand and association–activation or dual process models on the other hand, merely considering the idea that implicit evaluation might be mediated by propositions offers a new perspective on existing findings and leads to novel predictions about the conditions under which implicit evaluation occurs.
Primary Perceptual Space and Inherent Proportion Schema: Two Interacting Categorization Grids Underlying the Conceptualization of Spatial Objects

Within the realms of cognitive studies, spatial structure is one of the few domains where attempts to trace mental representations from the level of sensory input conditions through conceptual structure to their lexical and grammatical organization seem to be feasible and revealing. Presenting a linguist's approach to the meaning and use of spatial dimensional terms, the paper aims to demonstrate why and how the semantic analysis of these linguistic items has to be justified in terms of nonlinguistic conceptual structure formation, which in turn has to be shown to derive from categorized perceptual input. Regarding framework and approach, the paper supplements Manfred Bierwisch's recent article on Comparison inyS, 6: 1.57-93 and 2.101-146. As to substance, it is argued that the structure of conceptual knowledge of spatial objects can plausibly be modelled by means of object schemata which result from two interacting categorization grids called Primary Perceptual Space and Inherent Proportion Schema. Offering an analysis which draws on linguistic theorizing, the paper is meant as an invitation to psycholinguists and psychologists for discussion and cooperation.
Reducing Aliasing Artifacts in Iso-Surfaces of Binary Volumes

This paper presents a method for filtering binary volumes in order to reduce the aliasing artifacts that typically result when trying to visualize the surfaces described by such a binary partitioning. The proposed method is a reformulation of the technique of constrained elastic surface nets from the literature. The strategy is to estimate a 3D surface using an iterative relaxation process, which finds the surface of minimal area while treating the binary input data as a set of constraints. Unlike surface nets, the proposed method does not require the generation of any explicit surface representation; it acts directly on the volume. This is done by treating the level sets of the volume as deformable surfaces moving under a mean curvature flow constrained by a discretely sampled inside/outside function. Because the proposed method does not require generating a surface mesh, it avoids the various singularities and topological problems associated with iso-surface generation. It also avoids the artifacts that an irregular mesh topology can produce in deformation processes. If the goal is volume rendering, the proposed method avoids the time consuming process of converting surface meshes back into volumes.
Gender differences in time use among adolescents in developing countries: implications of rising school enrollment rates.

Three research questions are addressed in this paper: (1) How does time use change during the transition to adulthood? (2) Does gender role differentiation intensify during the transition? (3) Does school attendance attenuate gender differences? Researchers at the Population Council have been involved in the collection of 24-hour recall data on time use from adolescents in India Kenya Pakistan and South Africa. Sufficient data have now been collected to permit comparative analysis. These data are supplemented by comparable data from Guatemala and Nicaragua from the World Bank Living Standard Measurement surveys. Our research addresses significant gaps in the literature in particular the lack of attention to how time use is affected by school attendance. The data document differences in time use patterns between students and nonstudents. Although female adolescent students still work longer hours than male adolescent students the gender division of labor that typically develops during adolescence is greatly attenuated among students when time spent at work is measured by combining labor market work with noneconomic household work. (authors)
Identification of Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) as the Rosetting Ligand of the Malaria Parasite P. falciparum

Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is characterized by excessive sequestration of infected and uninfected erythrocytes in the microvasculature of the affected organ. Rosetting, the adhesion of P. falciparum–infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes is a virulent parasite phenotype associated with the occurrence of severe malaria. Here we report on the identification by single-cell reverse transcriptase PCR and cDNA cloning of the adhesive ligand P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). Rosetting PfEMP1 contains clusters of glycosaminoglycan-binding motifs. A recombinant fusion protein (Duffy binding-like 1–glutathione S transferase; Duffy binding-like-1–GST) was found to adhere directly to normal erythrocytes, disrupt naturally formed rosettes, block rosette reformation, and bind to a heparin-Sepharose matrix. The adhesive interactions could be inhibited with heparan sulfate or enzymes that remove heparan sulfate from the cell surface whereas other enzymes or similar glycosaminoglycans of a like negative charge did not affect the binding. PfEMP1 is suggested to be the rosetting ligand and heparan sulfate, or a heparan sulfate–like molecule, the receptor both for PfEMP1 binding and naturally formed erythrocyte rosettes.
Dominant negative effect of the loss-of-function γ-secretase mutants on the wild-type enzyme through heterooligomerization

Significance The vast majority of familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are linked to mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) in an autosomal dominant manner. PS1 is the catalytic component of γ-secretase, which cleaves amyloid precursor protein into Aβ peptides. It remains unclear whether the causal role of PS1 mutations in AD development is effected through γ-secretase, and if yes, whether the dominant negative effect of PS1 mutant allele is effected through the proteolytic activity of γ-secretase. In this study, we provide compelling evidence to prove a dominant negative effect by the loss-of-function γ-secretase mutants on the production of Aβ42/40 by WT γ-secretase through hetero-oligomerization. These data, together with our prior knowledge on the function of γ-secretase, have important ramifications on the two key questions listed here. γ-secretase is an intramembrane protease complex consisting of nicastrin, presenilin-1/2, APH-1a/b, and Pen-2. Hydrolysis of the 99-residue transmembrane fragment of amyloid precursor protein (APP-C99) by γ-secretase produces β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Pathogenic mutations in PSEN1 and PSEN2, which encode the catalytic subunit presenilin-1/2 of γ-secretase, lead to familial Alzheimer’s disease in an autosomal dominant manner. However, the underlying mechanism of how the mutant PSEN gene may affect the function of the WT allele remains to be elucidated. Here we report that each of the loss-of-function γ-secretase variants that carries a PSEN1 mutation suppresses the protease activity of the WT γ-secretase on Aβ production. Each of these γ-secretase variants forms a stable oligomer with the WT γ-secretase in vitro in the presence of the detergent CHAPSO {3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate}, but not digitonin. Importantly, robust protease activity of γ-secretase is detectable in the presence of CHAPSO, but not digitonin. These experimental observations suggest a dominant negative effect of the γ-secretase, in which the protease activity of WT γ-secretase is suppressed by the loss-of-function γ-secretase variants through hetero-oligomerization. The relevance of this finding to the genesis of Alzheimer’s disease is critically evaluated.
Phosphate solubilization characteristics of efficient nitrogen fixing soil Azotobacter strains

Background and Objectives Azotobacter is a diazotroph bacterium reported to possess various plant growth-promoting characteristics.The aim of this study was to isolate Azotobacter strains capable of fixing nitrogen and effectively hydrolyzing both organic and inorganic Pi compounds. Materials and Methods In this study, soil samples collected from a diverse range of slightly alkaline soil types were screened for Azotobacter isolates. The inorganic and organic phosphate solubilization potentials of twenty competent phosphate solubilizing Azotobacter isolates were assessed.Variations were noted in the solubilization potentials. Result Three isolates, identified as Azotobacter vinelandii strains O2, O4 and O6, were able to fix atmospheric N2 effectively. The nitrogenase activity of these isolates ranged between 158.6 and 326.4 C2H4h-1vial-1 (ethylene). Bacterial growth rates and phosphate solubilization activities were measured quantitatively under various environmental conditions. A close association was evident between phosphate solubilizing ability and growth rate as an indicator of active metabolism. All three phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were able to withstand temperature as high as 45°C, high concentration of NaCl (upto 5%) and a wide range of initial pH from 5 to 10 while hydrolyzing phosphate compounds actively. Conclusion Azotobacter vinelandii strains O2, O4 and O6 are superior candidates for biofertilizers that may result in the reduction of chemical nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers leading to increase crop production.
Multilevel Analysis of 2006 PISA Science Results for Taiwan : Effects of Background and Explanatory variables on Science Literacy at Student and School Levels

The PISA study offers an excellent opportunity to see more clearly what extent to each region or country is doing and where there might be room for improvement. Generally speaking, the students of 15-year-old in Taiwan are doing well in PISA 2006. In terms of quality and equity in the performance of students and schools, it is important to interpret the performance variation among schools jointly with the performance variation between students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine to what extent Taiwan achieves in moderating the relationship between socio-economic background and student performance. Also, exploring what else factors can explain effectively the variation of students performance except for socio-economic background. To understand the quality and equity in science literacy for Taiwan students’ performance, the study attempts to discover some explanatory variables which can mediate the impact of socio-economic status on students’ performance in science.
Changing Times: Trials and Tribulations of the Move to Master's Entry-Level Education in Canada

Background. Most health care professions are reviewing issues related to the changing nature of professional education and practice. Social work, physical therapy, speech-language pathology, audiology, and recently occupational therapy, have raised the entry-level training requirements to the graduate level to enhance formal education programs. Purpose and Scope. In the past few years, this trend has generated considerable debate and discussion within the occupational therapy profession both in Canada and internationally. In November, 2001 the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) announced that Canadian universities must convert to entry-level Master's programs by 2008 to receive re-accreditation (CAOT, 2002a). This paper describes the historical evolution of Canadian occupational therapy education, outlines several issues within occupational therapy that are impacting the move, and discusses benefits and challenges to Master's level training. Practice Implications. Recommendations are presented for the development of Master's entry-level occupational therapy training programs in Canada.
Conservation values, the authorised heritage discourse and the conservation-planning assemblage

The focus of this paper is the practice of conservation applied through the English planning system, termed conservation-planning. It argues that a distinct conservation-planning social entity has developed that may be described as an ‘assemblage’ and that the values and validated practice of conservation-planning are constructed as an authorised heritage discourse (AHD). Emphasis is placed upon the way that the AHD maybe mobilised by the conservation-planning assemblage in relation to other elite discourses, explored through the way that relationships have developed between the policy spheres of conservation-planning, regeneration and economic development. In doing so, it is argued conservation has successfully repositioned itself from being regarded as a barrier to development to being regarded as an active agent of change. Furthermore, the paper proposes that within the conservation-planning AHD we might detect sub-AHDs, organised around the short-hand labels of Conservation Principles, The Heritage Dividend and Constructive Conservation, each with a somewhat different rhetorical purpose. Through this analysis, we can better understand conservation-planning as a distinct heritage social entity and process. It shares values with other heritage activities but also has distinct differences, intimately related to its political relationship with other domains of urban management.
Men?s belief in sexual myths and factors effecting these myths -

Men’s belief in sexual myths and factors effecting these myths Objective: Sexual myths are often exaggerated, incorrect and unscientific ideas on sexuality that people believe to be true. The aim of this study is to determine the acceptance rate of common sexual myths and related factors among men. Method: Data was collected from 167 voluntary males (18-67 years). A structured interview including sociodemographic characteristics and sexual myth questionnaire investigating 30 common sexual myths was carried out with the participants. Result: There are numerous myths regarding sexuality in our study population. It was found that marital status, educational level, region lived until adolescence (sub-district and village or province and district), first source for sexual information and result of the first sexual relationship influence rates of belief for sexual myths. Conclusion: High levels of belief in sexual myths among males in our study group can be interpreted as a result of inadequate sexual education in the society. We believe that further larger scale population studies might be beneficial for planning sexual education in our society.
Differences in anger, aggression, depression, and anxiety between ADHD and non-ADHD children

Differences in anger, aggression, depression, and anxiety between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disordered (ADHD) and Non-ADHD children were explored in this investigation. Data were collected from ADHD and Non-ADHD children and their mothers and teachers. Analysis of the self-report data indicated that the ADHD children were significantly more angry and depressed than the Non-ADHD children. In addition, mothers reported that ADHD children were significantly more aggressive and depressed than Non-ADHD children. Further examination of the mothers' report data showed a multivariate effect approaching statistical significance (p< .06) for the interaction between ADHD-group and gender. Analyses of the interaction indicated that ADHD males were significantly more depressed than Non-ADHD males and Non-ADHD females. The teacher-report data did not reveal any statistically significant differences between groups. However, the differences between the ADHD and Non-ADHD groups approached significance (p < .06) and further analysis revealed that teachers perceived ADHD children as more depressed and anxious than Non-ADHD children. The results are discussed with respect to previous research. Clinical implications are considered.
High resolution radio study of the pulsar wind nebula within the supernova remnant G0.9+0.1

Aims. We have conducted a study in radio wavelengths and in X-rays of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in the supernova remnant (SNR) G0.9+0.1 with the goal of investigating in detail its morphology and to accurately determine its characteristic parameters. Methods. To carry out this research we have observed the PWN at λ3. 6 and 6 cm using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and combined these data with existing multiconfiguration VLA data and single dish observations in order to recover information at all spatial scales. We have also reprocessed VLA archival data at λ20 cm. From all these observational data we have produced high-fidelity images at the three radio frequencies with angular resolution better than 3 �� . The radio data were compared to X-ray data obtained with Chandra and in two different observing runs with XMM-Newton. Results. The new observations revealed that the morphology and symmetry suggested by Chandra observations (torus and jet-like features) are basically preserved in the radio range in spite of the rich structure observed in the radio emission of this PWN, including several arcs, bright knots, extensions and filaments. The reprocessed X-ray images show for the first time that the X-ray plasma fills almost the same volume as the radio PWN. Notably the X-ray maximum does not coincide with the radio maximum and the neutron star candidate CXOU J174722.8-280915 lies within a small depression in the radio emission. From the new radio data we have refined the flux density estimates, obtaining S PWN ∼ 1.57 Jy, almost constant between λ3. 6 and λ20 cm. For the whole SNR (compact core and shell), a flux density S 20 cm = 11.5 Jy was estimated. Based on the new and the existing λ90 cm flux density estimates, we derived a spectral index αPWN = −0.18 ± 0.04 and αshell = −0.68 ± 0.07. From the combination of the radio data with X-ray data, a spectral break is found near ν ∼ 2.4 × 10 12 Hz. The total radio PWN luminosity is Lradio = 1.2 × 10 35 erg s −1 when a distance of 8.5 kpc is adopted. By assuming equipartition between particle and magnetic energies, we estimate a nebular magnetic field B = 56 μG. The associated particle energy turns out to be Upart = 5 × 10 47 erg and the magnetic energy Umag = 2 × 10 47 erg. The high ratio between magnetic and particles flux energy density suggests that the pulsar wind just started to become particle dominated. Based on an empirical relation between X-ray luminosity and pulsar energy loss rate, and the comparison with the calculated total energy, a lower limit of 1100 yr is derived for the age of this PWN.
The euro and European identity: symbols, power and the politics of European monetary union

This article assesses the relationship between money, collective identity, and European integration. The recent move of the European Union (EU) toward a common currency – the euro – seems to contradict the conventional ‘one nation/one money’ assumption about the association between states, territory and money creation. However, from a broad macro-historical perspective, the process of European monetary unification is not as exceptional and unique as it is often made out to be. I argue that the relationship between money and collective identity is reciprocal. On the one hand, money is a purposeful political tool in the construction of identities. On the other hand, in order to function properly, money requires some degree of collective identity among its users. Thus, the article examines the role of the euro as part of an explicit project to facilitate the development of a European identity as well as the required level of European identity necessary for a successful functioning of the euro. The key identity aspect at stake in the relationship between money and identity is not an affective relationship between citizens and country, but rather a relationship of trust. During the process of modernisation, trust has become rather abstract and institutionalised. To support a modern relationship of trust, identity does not have to rest on deep affective feelings of belonging. Diffuse identity, based on utilitarian or contractual factors and as part of evolving hybrid identity structures, is sufficient.