Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction

Abstract Background and aims: Recent research suggests that use of social networking sites can be addictive for some individuals. Due to the link between motivations for media use and the development of addiction, this systematic review examines Facebook-related uses and gratifications research and Facebook addiction research. Method: Searches of three large academic databases revealed 24 studies examining the uses and gratifications of Facebook, and nine studies of Facebook addiction. Results: Comparison of uses and gratifications research reveals that the most popular mo- tives for Facebook use are relationship maintenance, passing time, entertainment, and companionship. These motivations may be related to Facebook addiction through use that is habitual, excessive, or motivated by a desire for mood alteration. Examination of Facebook addiction research indicates that Facebook use can become habitual or excessive, and some addicts use the site to escape from negative moods. However, examination of Facebook addic- tion measures highlights inconsistency in the field. Discussion: There is some evidence to support the argument that uses and gratifications of Facebook are linked with Facebook addiction. Furthermore, it appears as if the social skill model of addiction may explain Facebook addiction, but inconsistency in the measurement of this condition limits the ability to provide conclusive arguments. Conclusions: This paper recommends that further research be performed to establish the links between uses and gratifications and Facebook addiction. Furthermore, in order to enhance the construct validity of Facebook addiction, researchers should take a more systematic approach to assessment.
Therapeutic Effect on Mother-Adolescent Communication and How the Change in Communication Relates to Change in Individual Problem Behaviors

ii Acknowledgments. v Vita . vii Publications . vii Fields of Study . viii List of Tables . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Literature Review . 1 Problem Behaviors of Children of Substance Abusing Parents . 1 The Relationship between Family Environment and Children’s Problem Behaviors among Families with Substance Abusing Parents . 2 The Relationship between Parenting Behaviors and Children’s Problem Behaviors among Families with Substance Abusing Parents . 3 Parent-child Interaction among Families with a Substance Abusing Parent . 5 Parent-child Interaction among Families with At-risk Youth . 6 The Relationship between Parent-child Interaction and Child's Problem Behaviors . 8
Grammatical Feature Engineering for Fine-grained IR Tasks

Information Retrieval tasks include nowadays more and more complex information in order to face contemporary challenges such as Opinion Mining (OM) or Question Answering (QA). These are examples of tasks where complex linguistic information is required for reasonable performances on realistic data sets. As natural language learning is usually applied to these tasks, rich structures, such as parse trees, are critical as they require complex resources and accurate pre-processing. In this paper, we show how good quality language learning methods can be applied to the above tasks by using grammatical representations simpler than parse trees. These features are here shown to achieve the state-of-art accuracy in different IR tasks, such as OM and QA.
The Performance of Alternative Strategies for Dealing with Deadlocks in Database Management Systems

There is growing evidence that, for a fairly wide variety of database workloads and system configurations, locking is the concurrency control strategy of choice. With locking, of course, comes the possibility of deadlocks. Although the database literature is full of algorithms for dealing with deadlocks, very little in the way of practical performance information is available to a database system designer faced with the decision of choosing a good deadlock resolution strategy. This paper is an attempt to bridge this gap in our understanding of the behavior and performance of alternative deadlock resolution strategies. We employ a simulation model of a database environment to study the relative performance of several strategies based on deadlock detection, several strategies based on deadlock prevention, and a strategy based on timeouts. We show that the choice of the best deadlock resolution strategy depends upon the level of data contention, the resource utilization levels, and the types of transactions. We provide guidelines for selecting a deadlock resolution strategy for different operating regions.
Normal fMRI Brain Activation Patterns in Children Performing a Verb Generation Task

Although much is known concerning brain-language relations in adults, little is known about how these functions might be represented during the developmental period. We report results from 17 normal children, ages 7-18 years, who have successfully completed a word fluency paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla. Regions of activation replicate those reported for adult subjects. However, a statistically significant association between hemispheric lateralization of activation and age was found in the children. Specifically, although most subjects at all ages showed left hemisphere dominance for this task, the degree of lateralization increased with age. This study demonstrates that fMRI can reveal developmental shifts in the pattern of brain activation associated with semantic language function.
Unsupervised Clustering of Subcellular Protein Expression Patterns in High-Throughput Microscopy Images Reveals Protein Complexes and Functional Relationships between Proteins

Protein subcellular localization has been systematically characterized in budding yeast using fluorescently tagged proteins. Based on the fluorescence microscopy images, subcellular localization of many proteins can be classified automatically using supervised machine learning approaches that have been trained to recognize predefined image classes based on statistical features. Here, we present an unsupervised analysis of protein expression patterns in a set of high-resolution, high-throughput microscope images. Our analysis is based on 7 biologically interpretable features which are evaluated on automatically identified cells, and whose cell-stage dependency is captured by a continuous model for cell growth. We show that it is possible to identify most previously identified localization patterns in a cluster analysis based on these features and that similarities between the inferred expression patterns contain more information about protein function than can be explained by a previous manual categorization of subcellular localization. Furthermore, the inferred cell-stage associated to each fluorescence measurement allows us to visualize large groups of proteins entering the bud at specific stages of bud growth. These correspond to proteins localized to organelles, revealing that the organelles must be entering the bud in a stereotypical order. We also identify and organize a smaller group of proteins that show subtle differences in the way they move around the bud during growth. Our results suggest that biologically interpretable features based on explicit models of cell morphology will yield unprecedented power for pattern discovery in high-resolution, high-throughput microscopy images.
Schooling , Health and Economic Growth : Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence February 2005

We compare the estimated effects of health in a macroeconomic production function model of economic growth with the effects that are found using calibration based on wage regressions. We allow for gradual adjustment in income level towards the steady state which means that both the level and growth of inputs can affect economic growth. We find that the estimated macroeconomic effects of health are positive, and not significantly different from the microeconomic estimates. We find similar results for education provided we instrument schooling levels with literacy rates to correct for measurement error. 1 Corresponding author email: dcanning@hsph.harvard. edu
The basic effect of recycling on pulp properties

En employant des methodes de laboratoire normalisees, on a observe que les differentes pâtes accusaient des effets de recyclage considerablement differents. Les fibres de pâte mecanique devenaient plus plates et plus souples et produisaient une feuille plus dense et plus resistante. Les fibres de pâte chimique raffinee se sont consolidees pour donner une feuille plus bouffante et moins resistante. Les fibres de pâte non raffinee etaient au depart gondolees mais perdaient le gondolage avec le recyclage.
Social signals as design interventions for enhancing citizen science contributions*

ABSTRACT Despite the scientific potential and increasing popularity of web-based citizen science, low contribution from volunteers is often a major hurdle. Studies have shown that individual behavior could be altered through targeted design interventions, but little is known about the specific factors that modulate volunteers’ contributions. A particularly elusive question entails the role of social feedback, in the form of targeted notifications about the contribution of other volunteers. Based on social comparison theory, we hypothesized that (1) volunteers increase contribution when presented with information about a high-performing peer or group, and (2) volunteers conform more strongly to a group rather than to a single peer. To test whether volunteers’ contributions change due to the exposure to the contribution of a peer or group norm, we systematically varied the information presented to participants in an environmental monitoring citizen science project. Volunteers increased their contributions when they were presented with the contribution of a high-performing peer and norm, but they were not influenced by a low-performing peer or norm. Further, we found that volunteers were more likely to match the contributions of a group than that of a peer. However, when volunteers were simultaneously exposed to information about a peer and a group, the effect depended on the respective performance of the peer and group. A theoretical model was developed to explain volunteers’ response and dissect the specific role of social comparison. Our findings offer the possibility of increasing volunteers’ contributions through design interventions.
Rankin Triple Products and Quantum Chaos

We prove explicit Harris-Kudla type formulas for triples of Maass forms, holomorphic forms, and combinations thereof, on the hyperbolic plane modulo congruence groups and co-compact lattices arising from Eichler orders of quaternion algebras. These formulas relate the central value of the corresponding Rankin triple product L-function to a squared trilinear period integral. Assuming subconvexity estimates for these L-values, we prove Quantum Unique Ergodicity on such quotients; the relevant Lindelof hypotheses imply a quantitative form of QUE, with an optimal rate. In connection with the Berry/Hejhal Random Wave conjecture, we prove decay of third moments in the high energy limit, making use of a subconvexity result of Iwaniec/Ivic/Jutila and Kim-Shahidi's result on cuspidality of the symmetric cube.
Averaging principle for systems of RDEs with polynomial nonlinearities perturbed by multiplicative noise ∗

We prove the validity of an averaging principle for a class of systems of slow-fast reactiondiffusion equations with the reaction terms in both equations having polynomial growth, perturbed by a noise of multiplicative type. The models we have in mind are the stochastic Fitzhugh-Nagumo equation arising in neurophysiology and the Ginzburg-Landau equation arising in statistical mechanics.
IT Responsiveness in Small and Medium Enterprises: It Pays to Be on Top of IT

Information technology today is a complex area, in which new problems and challenges constantly arise and innovations emerge. The ability to incorporate an innovation in time or to solve a problem efficiently can mean competitive advantages for some firms. Being responsive in IT involves being alert, knowledgeable and prepared to face technical problems and to solve them in appropriate ways. In Europe, the year 1999 confronted firms with two examples of such challenges: the adaptation to the new European currency, the Euro, and the so-called millennium bug or Y2K problem. The present paper studies how fast a sample of 1,700 small and medium enterprises in Spain have reacted to these two problems, and introduces the company’s degree of IT responsiveness into a classical production function expressed as a structural equation model. The newly defined construct is found to be positively associated to output generation: firms that are proactive and responsive to their IT-related problems tend to outperform those who are not.
Effects of Incubation Conditions on Cr(VI) Reduction by c-type Cytochromes in Intact Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Cells

It is widely recognized that the outer membrane c-type cytochromes (OM c-Cyts) of metal-reducing bacteria play a key role in microbial metal reduction processes. However, the in situ redox status of OM c-Cyts during microbial metal reduction processes remain poorly understood. In this study, diffuse-transmission UV/Vis spectroscopy is used to investigate the in situ spectral reaction of Cr(VI) reduction by c-Cyts in intact Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cells under different incubation conditions. The reduced c-Cyts decreased transiently at the beginning and then recovered gradually over time. The Cr(VI) reduction rates decreased with increasing initial Cr(VI) concentrations, and Cr(III) was identified as a reduced product. The presence of Cr(III) substantially inhibited Cr(VI) reduction and the recovery of reduced c-Cyts, indicating that Cr(III) might inhibit cell growth. Cr(VI) reduction rates increased with increasing cell density. The highest Cr(VI) reduction rate and fastest recovery of c-Cyts were obtained at pH 7.0 and 30°C, with sodium lactate serving as an electron donor. The presence of O2 strongly inhibited Cr(VI) reduction, suggesting that O2 might compete with Cr(VI) as an electron acceptor in cells. This study provides a case of directly examining in vivo reaction properties of an outer-membrane enzyme during microbial metal reduction processes under non-invasive physiological conditions.
Registration Invariant Representations for Expression Detection

Active appearance model (AAM) representations have been used to great effect recently in the accurate detection of expression events (e.g., action units, pain, broad expressions, etc.). The motivation for their use, and rationale for their success, lies in their ability to: (i) provide dense (i.e. 60- 70 points on the face) registration accuracy on par with a human labeler, and (ii) the ability to decompose the registered face image to separate appearance and shape representations. Unfortunately, this human-like registration performance is isolated to registration algorithms that are specifically tuned to the illumination, camera and subject being tracked (i.e. "subject dependent'' algorithms). As a result, it is rare, to see AAM representations being employed in the far more useful "subject independent'' situations (i.e., where illumination, camera and subject is unknown) due to the inherent increased geometric noise present in the estimated registration. In this paper we argue that "AAM like'' expression detection results can be obtained in the presence of noisy dense registration through the employment of registration invariant representations (e.g., Gabor magnitudes and HOG features). We demonstrate that good expression detection performance can still be enjoyed over the types of geometric noise often encountered with the more geometrically noisy state of the art generic algorithms (e.g., Bayesian Tangent Shape Models (BTSM), Constrained Local Models (CLM), etc). We show these results on the extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+) database over all facial action units.
Implementation of a Fourier matched filter in CMB analyses: application to ISW studies

Aims. Implement a matched filter (MF) cross-correlation algorith m in multipole space and compare it to the standard Angular Cross Power Spectrum (ACPS) method. Apply both methods on a Integrated Sachs Wolfe (ISW) - Large Scale Structure (LSS) cross correlation scenario and study how sky masks influence the multipo le range where the cross correlation signal arises and its co mparison to theoretical predictions. Methods. The MF requires the inversion of a multipole covariance matrix that, under non-full sky coverage ( fsky < 1), is generally non-diagonal and singular. We choose a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach that enables the identificatio n of those modes carrying most of the information from those more likely to introduce numerical noise, (that are dropped from the analysis). We compare the MF to the ACPS in ISW-LSS Monte Carlo simulations, focusing on the effect that a limited sky coverage has on the cross-correlation results. Results. Within the data model s = t+αm where t is Gaussian noise and m is a known filter, we find that the MF performs comparatively better than the ACPS for smaller values of fsky and scale dependent (non-Poissonian) noise fields. In the co ntext of ISW studies both methods are comparable, although the MF performs slightly more sensitively under more restrictive masks (smaller values of fsky). A preliminary analytical study of the ISW‐LSS cross correlation signal to noise (S/N) ratio shows that most of it should be found in the very large scales (50% of the S/N at l< 10, 90% at l< 40− 50), and this is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. The statistical significance of our cross-correlation stat istics reaches its maximum when considering l∈ [2, lmax], with lmax∈ [5, 40] for all values of fsky observed, despite of the smoothing and power aliasing that aggressive masks introduce in Fourier space. This l-confinement of the ISW-LSS cross correlation should enable a safe distinction from other secondary effects arising at smaller (higher l-s) angular scales.
The biggest lie on the Internet: ignoring the privacy policies and terms of service policies of social networking services

ABSTRACT This paper addresses ‘the biggest lie on the internet’ with an empirical investigation of privacy policy (PP) and terms of service (TOS) policy reading behavior. An experimental survey (N = 543) assessed the extent to which individuals ignored PP and TOS when joining a fictitious social networking service (SNS), NameDrop. Results reveal 74% skipped PP, selecting the ‘quick join’ clickwrap. Average adult reading speed (250–280 words per minute), suggests PP should have taken 29–32 minutes and TOS 15–17 minutes to read. For those that didn’t select the clickwrap, average PP reading time was 73 seconds. All participants were presented the TOS and had an average reading time of 51 seconds. Most participants agreed to the policies, 97% to PP and 93% to TOS, with decliners reading PP 30 seconds longer and TOS 90 seconds longer. A regression analysis identifies information overload as a significant negative predictor of reading TOS upon sign up, when TOS changes, and when PP changes. Qualitative findings suggest that participants view policies as nuisance, ignoring them to pursue the ends of digital production, without being inhibited by the means. Implications are revealed as 98% missed NameDrop TOS ‘gotcha clauses’ about data sharing with the NSA and employers, and about providing a first-born child as payment for SNS access.
A New Dual-Band Filtering Method for Chirp Spread Spectrum

In this paper, we propose a new dual-band filtering method for performance enhancement of the chirp spread spectrum (CSS) system in the IEEE 802.15. 4a standard. The CSS signals are composed of low- and high-band signals which are alternatively transmitted in time. If we use only one conventional channel filter, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance in the receiver is degraded, because the low- and high-band signals have a different frequency characteristics. The dual-band filtering method proposed in this paper is based on two filters which are designed to be matched well with alternatively received CSS signals and excludes the undesired noise.
My Phone and Me: Understanding People's Receptivity to Mobile Notifications

Notifications are extremely beneficial to users, but they often demand their attention at inappropriate moments. In this paper we present an in-situ study of mobile interruptibility focusing on the effect of cognitive and physical factors on the response time and the disruption perceived from a notification. Through a mixed method of automated smartphone logging and experience sampling we collected 10372 in-the-wild notifications and 474 questionnaire responses on notification perception from 20 users. We found that the response time and the perceived disruption from a notification can be influenced by its presentation, alert type, sender-recipient relationship as well as the type, completion level and complexity of the task in which the user is engaged. We found that even a notification that contains important or useful content can cause disruption. Finally, we observe the substantial role of the psychological traits of the individuals on the response time and the disruption perceived from a notification.
Antidepressants and Age in 27 European Countries : Evidence of a U-Shape in Human Well-being Through Life

Some researchers suggest that human well-being is U-shaped through our lives. If it exists, such a curve could be classified as a truly fundamental discovery about humans. Yet sceptics point to the difficulty of relying on questions in which people are asked to describe subjective feelings – and the result is then an impasse. This paper suggests a way to try to break that intellectual deadlock. We deliberately eschew information on well-being. Instead, we draw upon data on the use of antidepressants in randomized samples from 27 European countries. Such data are surprisingly little-studied by social scientists. We show that the probability of taking antidepressants follows an inverted U-shape curve that peaks in people‟s late 40s. This result -a new one across various research fields -is an important one because it is strikingly consistent with the life-course claims made in the literature on subjective well-being.