Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Metabolites in the Normal Ovary and Their Transformation in Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Cancer

In this study, we characterized the metabolome of the human ovary and identified metabolic alternations that coincide with primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and metastatic tumors resulting from primary ovarian cancer (MOC) using three analytical platforms: gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using buffer systems and instrument settings to catalog positive or negative ions. The human ovarian metabolome was found to contain 364 biochemicals and upon transformation of the ovary caused changes in energy utilization, altering metabolites associated with glycolysis and β-oxidation of fatty acids—such as carnitine (1.79 fold in EOC, p<0.001; 1.88 fold in MOC, p<0.001), acetylcarnitine (1.75 fold in EOC, p<0.001; 2.39 fold in MOC, p<0.001), and butyrylcarnitine (3.62 fold, p<0.0094 in EOC; 7.88 fold, p<0.001 in MOC). There were also significant changes in phenylalanine catabolism marked by increases in phenylpyruvate (4.21 fold; p = 0.0098) and phenyllactate (195.45 fold; p<0.0023) in EOC. Ovarian cancer also displayed an enhanced oxidative stress response as indicated by increases in 2-aminobutyrate in EOC (1.46 fold, p = 0.0316) and in MOC (2.25 fold, p<0.001) and several isoforms of tocopherols. We have also identified novel metabolites in the ovary, specifically N-acetylasparate and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, whose role in ovarian physiology has yet to be determined. These data enhance our understanding of the diverse biochemistry of the human ovary and demonstrate metabolic alterations upon transformation. Furthermore, metabolites with significant changes between groups provide insight into biochemical consequences of transformation and are candidate biomarkers of ovarian oncogenesis. Validation studies are warranted to determine whether these compounds have clinical utility in the diagnosis or clinical management of ovarian cancer patients.
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Circumnuclear Environments of the CfA Seyfert Galaxies: Nuclear Spirals and Fueling

We present archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the nuclear regions of 43 of the 46 Seyfert galaxies found in the volume-limited, spectroscopically complete CfA Redshift Survey sample. Using an improved method of image contrast enhancement, we create detailed high-quality "structure maps" that allow us to study the distributions of dust, star clusters, and emission-line gas in the circumnuclear regions (100-1000 pc scales) and in the associated host galaxy. Essentially all of these Seyfert galaxies have circumnuclear dust structures with morphologies ranging from grand-design two-armed spirals to chaotic dusty disks. In most Seyfert galaxies there is a clear physical connection between the nuclear dust spirals on hundreds of parsec scales and large-scale bars and spiral arms in the host galaxies proper. These connections are particularly striking in the interacting and barred galaxies. Such structures are predicted by numerical simulations of gas flows in barred and interacting galaxies and may be related to the fueling of active galactic nuclei by matter inflow from the host galaxy disks. We see no significant differences in the circumnuclear dust morphologies of Seyfert 1s and 2s, and very few Seyfert 2 nuclei are obscured by large-scale dust structures in the host galaxies. If Seyfert 2s are obscured Seyfert 1s, then the obscuration must occur on smaller scales than those probed by HST.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (Studi Empiris Pada Pengusaha UMKM Di KPP Pratama Pekanbaru Senapelan)

This study aimed to examine the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, moral obligation, perceived behavioral control and knowledge of taxation on the intention to behave noncompliant and noncompliance behavior of taxpayer.This study used purposive random sampling with 100 samples obtained from the calculation formula slovin. Data collection techniques in this study is in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS software version 2.0. The results showed that the attitude has positive and significant effect on the intention to noncompliant, subjective norm has positive and not significant influence on the intention to noncompliant, moral obligationhas positive and significant effect on the intention to noncompliant, perceived behavioral control has positive and not significant influence on the intention to noncompliant and noncompliance behavior of taxpayers, knowledge of taxation has positive and significant effect on the noncompliance of taxpayer and intentio has positive and significant effect on the noncompliance behavior of taxpayer.
HOW DO ATTITUDES CHANGE FROM ONE STATS COURSE TO THE NEXT

Are attitudes sustained across the term break? We usually measure attitudes at the beginning and end of a course. However, at the end of the course students are suffering from end of term stress and exam anxiety, and these may be reflected in their attitude scores. We would hope that positive attitudes are sustained, while negative attitudes improve during the break. Sustaining positive attitudes leads to sustained student engagement. We consider data for two introductory statistics courses taught over two semesters at a mid-size primarily undergraduate university.
The Role of Social Identity Processes in Motivating and Sustaining Volunteerism in Victim Support Organisations

Existing volunteerism research is limited to specific contexts (e.g. AIDS volunteerism), and there is no available research on what motivates and sustains victim support volunteerism. Taking a social identity approach, the current thesis explores the role of personal, social and (volunteer) organisational identity in motivating and sustaining victim support volunteerism. Volunteers (N=99) and non-volunteers (N=l34) completed a questionnaire. In the volunteer sample, social identity as a supporter of victims of crime, outrage and collective efficacy amongst supporters were most strongly associated with intentions to volunteer. Whereas, in the non-volunteer sample, personal identity, sympathy and self efficacy were most strongly associated with intentions to volunteer. Sustained volunteerism was strongly predicted by organisational identity as a volunteer in a victim support organisation and collective efficacy amongst volunteers in victim support organisations. Pride did not predict sustained volunteerism. The study highlighted the role of identification and group-level processes in motivating and sustaining volunteerism. Results are discussed with regards to both theoretical and practical implications for victim support volunteerism.
Detecting Passive Content Leaks and Pollution in Android Applications

In this paper, we systematically study two vulnerabilities and their presence in existing Android applications (or “apps”). These two vulnerabilities are rooted in an unprotected Android component, i.e., content provider, inside vulnerable apps. Because of the lack of necessary access control enforcement, affected apps can be exploited to either passively disclose various types of private in-app data or inadvertently manipulate certain security-sensitive in-app settings or configurations that may subsequently cause serious system-wide side effects (e.g., blocking all incoming phone calls or SMS messages). To assess the prevalence of these two vulnerabilities, we analyze 62, 519 apps collected in February 2012 from various Android markets. Our results show that among these apps, 1, 279 (2.0%) and 871 (1.4%) of them are susceptible to these two vulnerabilities, respectively. In addition, we find that 435 (0.7%) and 398 (0.6%) of them are accessible from official Google Play and some of them are extremely popular with more than 10, 000, 000 installs. The presence of a large number of vulnerable apps in popular Android markets as well as the variety of private data for leaks and manipulation reflect the severity of these two vulnerabilities. To address them, we also explore and examine possible mitigation solutions.
Self-Reported Delinquency of High School Students in Metro Manila

Self-report data were gathered from 633 students from public and private schools in metro Manila, Philippines. The study finds overall delinquency prevalence to be higher among males than females but not significantly different from one socioeconomic class to another. Gender and class differentials, however, are found for different types of delinquency (overt property, covert property, theft, swindling, vandalism, drug abuse, alcohol and cigarettes, and status offenses). Violent offenses and more public forms of delinquency are found to be high among lower-class boys, whereas covert types of delinquency are high among the middle- and upper-class students. Of interest, among females, upper-class girls consistently have the highest self-reported delinquency rates.
Differences in Origin of Reactive Microglia in Bone Marrow Chimeric Mouse and Rat After Transient Global Ischemia

Current understanding of microglial involvement in disease is influenced by the observation that recruited bone marrow (BM)-derived cells contribute to reactive microgliosis in BM-chimeric mice. In contrast, a similar phenomenon has not been reported for BM-chimeric rats. We investigated the recruitment and microglial transformation of BM-derived cells in radiation BM-chimeric mice and rats after transientglobal cerebral ischemia, which elicits a characteristic microglialreaction. Both species displayed microglial hyperplasia and rod cell transformation in the hippocampal CA1 region. In mice, a subpopulation of lesion-reactive microglia originated from transformed BM-derived cells. By contrast, no recruitment or microglial transformation of BM-derived cells was observed in BM-chimeric rats. These results suggest that reactive microglia in rats originate from resident microglia, whereas they have a mixed BM-derived and resident origin in mice, depending on the severity of ischemic tissue damage.
Alcohol drinking and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND We aimed at investigating the risk of bladder cancer at different levels of alcohol consumption by conducting a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS In October 2010, we carried out a systematic literature search in the Medline database, using PubMed. We identified 16 case-control and 3 cohort studies, including a total of 11 219 cases of bladder cancer, satisfying the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Moderate alcohol intake was defined as <3 drinks per day (i.e. <37.5 g of ethanol per day) and heavy intake as ≥3 drinks/day. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Compared with non-drinkers, the pooled RRs of bladder cancer were 1.00 (95% CI 0.92-1.09) for moderate and 1.02 (95% CI 0.78-1.33) for heavy alcohol drinkers. When we excluded four studies that did not adjust for tobacco smoking, the corresponding estimates were 0.98 (95% CI 0.89-1.07) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.72-1.31). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of epidemiological studies provides definite evidence on the absence of any material association between alcohol drinking and bladder cancer risk, even at high levels of consumption.
Concentration of soluble P-selectin and white blood cell counts in infarct coronary arteries in patients with acute myocardial infarction differ from the systemic circulation.

BACKGROUND Previously, researchers have suggested that Soluble (s) P-selectin mediates the accumulation of leukocytes which in turn promotes fibril deposition. Soluble P-selectin and white blood cell (WBC) counts have been shown to be increased in the systemic circulation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, whether the infarct coronary artery (ICA) and systemic circulation differs with respect to the concentration of sP-selectin and WBC counts following AMI remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether the concentration of sP-selectin and WBC counts differed between the ICA and the systemic circulation after AMI. METHODS Blood samples for circulating sP-selectin and WBC counts were immediately obtained after vascular puncture in 72 patients with AMI of < 12 h undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Additionally, blood samples for ICA sP-selectin and WBC counts were obtained via Export Suction Catheter during PCI. For comparison, blood samples for sP-selectin and WBC counts were obtained once in 30 healthy subjects. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the circulating sP-selectin [64.7 +/- 18.1 (ng/ml) vs. 29.5 +/- 6.3 (ng/ml), p < 0.0001] and WBC counts [12.1 +/- 3.6 (x 10(3)/ml) vs. 5.0 +/- 1.0 (x 10(3)/ml), p < 0.0001] were significantly higher in our patients than in healthy subjects. Furthermore, the sP-selectin [72.7 +/- 23.3 (ng/ml) vs. 64.7 +/- 18.1 (ng/ml), p < 0.0001] and the WBC counts [16.2 +/- 3.8 (x 10(3/)ml) vs. 12.1 +/- 3.6 (x 10(3)/ml), p < 0.0001] were markedly higher in the ICA than in the systemic circulation for the patients. CONCLUSIONS The plasma level of sP-selectin and WBC counts were more elevated in the ICA than in the systemic circulation of patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI. These findings strengthen the role of sequestration of WBC and sP-selectin in the ICA as crucial in thrombus formation.
Vocabulary-Based Language Similarity using Web Corpora

This paper will focus on the evaluation of automatic methods for quantifying language similarity. This is achieved by ascribing language similarity to the similarity of text corpora. This corpus similarity will first be determined by the resemblance of the vocabulary of languages. Thereto words or parts of them such as letter n-grams are examined. Extensions like transliteration of the text data will ensure the independence of the methods from text characteristics such as the writing system used. Further analyzes will show to what extent knowledge about the distribution of words in parallel text can be used in the context of language similarity.
Logic Optimization for Majority Gate-Based Nanoelectronic Circuits Based on Genetic Algorithm

In this paper we propose a novel and efficient method for majority gate-based design. The basic Boolean primitive in quantum cellular automata (QCA) is the majority gate. Method for reducing the number of majority gates required for computing Boolean functions is developed to facilitate the conversion of sum of products (SOP) expression into QCA majority logic. This method is based on genetic algorithm and can reduce the hardware requirements for a QCA design. We will show that the proposed approach is very efficient in deriving the simplified majority expression in QCA design.
Relative contributions of neural mechanisms versus muscle mechanics in promoting finger extension deficits following stroke

The origins of impaired finger and hand function were examined in 10 stroke survivors with chronic spastic hemiparesis, with the intent of assessing whether mechanical restraint or altered neurophysiological control mechanisms are responsible for the well‐known impairment of finger extension. Simultaneous extension of all four metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the impaired hand was either externally imposed using a rotary actuator or attempted voluntarily by the subject. Trials were conducted both before and after administration of a local anesthetic, blocking the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow. The anesthetic was administered to reduce the activity of the muscles flexing the MCP joints, in order to distinguish mechanical from neuronal resistance to imposed MCP rotation. We found that the nerve blockade resulted in a reduction in velocity‐dependent torque (P = 0.01), thereby indicating significant joint impedance due to spasticity. Blockade also produced a posture‐dependent reduction in static torque in declaratively relaxed subjects (P = 0.04), suggesting some tonic flexor activity for specific hand postures. No change in either extensor isometric (P = 0.33) or isokinetic (0.53) torque was apparent, but 3 of the 10 subjects did exhibit substantial (>10°) improvement in voluntary MCP extension following the blockade. This improvement seemed largely due to a decrease in inappropriate flexor activity during the movement, rather than an increase in extensor activity. We argue that persistent and inappropriate flexor activation plays a role in limiting voluntary finger extension, and that this activation is potentially a reflection of altered supraspinal control of key spinal pathways. In all cases, this inappropriate activation was compounded by weakness, apparent in both the extensor and flexor muscles. Muscle Nerve 28: 309–318, 2003
Prophylaxis against hepatitis B recurrence following liver transplantation using combination lamivudine and hepatitis B immune globulin

Patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis B–related liver disease are prone to recurrence. The mainstay of prophylaxis has been passive immunotherapy with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). Antiviral therapy with lamivudine has proven effective in lowering hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and improving histology in patients with hepatitis B infection; its role in prophylaxis against hepatitis B recurrence following liver transplantation is under investigation. Viral breakthrough and resistance, however, are a significant problem with monotherapy with either HBIG or lamivudine. The efficacy of combination lamivudine/HBIG prophylaxis has not been reported. Fourteen patients underwent transplantation for decompensated liver disease owing to hepatitis B. Lamivudine (150 mg po/d) was begun before transplantation in 10 patients, including 4 who were HBV DNA–positive. In addition, 1 patient was HBV DNA–positive when transplanted. HBIG was given perioperatively and continued thereafter; treatment with lamivudine was maintained or initiated at the time of transplantation and continued indefinitely. The median follow‐up was 387 days. Actuarial 1‐year patient and graft survival was 93% (1 patient died of unrelated causes). At a median interval of 28 days following lamivudine treatment, all 5 HBV DNA–positive patients cleared HBV DNA from the serum; 1 went on to clear hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), before transplantation, at day 148 of lamivudine treatment. By the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), at a median of 346 days (range, 130‐525 days) following transplantation, all 13 surviving patients had no detectable serum HBV DNA. Lamivudine suppresses HBV replication in patients awaiting liver transplantation. At a median follow‐up of 1.1 years, combination prophylaxis with lamivudine and HBIG prevented hepatitis B recurrence following liver transplantation.
Parameter Exploration in Science and Engineering Using Many-Task Computing

Robust scientific methods require the exploration of the parameter space of a system (some of which can be run in parallel on distributed resources), and may involve complete state space exploration, experimental design, or numerical optimization techniques. Many-Task Computing (MTC) provides a framework for performing robust design, because it supports the execution of a large number of otherwise independent processes. Further, scientific workflow engines facilitate the specification and execution of complex software pipelines, such as those found in real science and engineering design problems. However, most existing workflow engines do not support a wide range of experimentation techniques, nor do they support a large number of independent tasks. In this paper, we discuss Nimrod/K - a set of add in components and a new run time machine for a general workflow engine, Kepler. Nimrod/K provides an execution architecture based on the tagged dataflow concepts, developed in 1980s for highly parallel machines. This is embodied in a new Kepler "Director” that supports many-task computing by orchestrating execution of tasks on on clusters, Grids, and Clouds. Further, Nimrod/K provides a set of "Actors” that facilitate the various modes of parameter exploration discussed above. We demonstrate the power of Nimrod/K to solve real problems in cardiac science.
LASSBio-897 Reduces Lung Injury Induced by Silica Particles in Mice: Potential Interaction with the A2A Receptor

Silicosis is a lethal fibro-granulomatous pulmonary disease highly prevalent in developing countries, for which no proper therapy is available. Among a small series of N-acylhydrazones, the safrole-derived compound LASSBio-897 (3-thienylidene-3, 4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazide) raised interest due to its ability to bind to the adenosine A2A receptor. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic potential of LASSBio-897, exploring translation to a mouse model of silicosis and the A2A receptor as a site of action. Pulmonary mechanics, inflammatory, and fibrotic changes were assessed 28 days after intranasal instillation of silica particles in Swiss–Webster mice. Glosensor cAMP HEK293G cells, CHO cells stably expressing human adenosine receptors and ligand binding assay were used to evaluate the pharmacological properties of LASSBio-897 in vitro. Molecular docking studies of LASSBio-897 were performed using the genetic algorithm software GOLD 5.2. We found that the interventional treatment with the A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 reversed silica particle-induced airway hyper-reactivity as revealed by increased responses of airway resistance and lung elastance following aerosolized methacholine. LASSBio-897 (2 and 5 mg/kg, oral) similarly reversed pivotal lung pathological features of silicosis in this model, reducing levels of airway resistance and lung elastance, granuloma formation and collagen deposition. In competition assays, LASSBio-897 decreased the binding of the selective A2A receptor agonist [3H]-CGS21680 (IC50 = 9.3 μM). LASSBio-897 (50 μM) induced modest cAMP production in HEK293G cells, but it clearly synergized the cAMP production by adenosine in a mechanism sensitive to the A2A antagonist SCH 58261. This synergism was also seen in CHO cells expressing the A2A, but not those expressing A2B, A1 or A3 receptors. Based on the evidence that LASSBio-897 binds to A2A receptor, molecular docking studies were performed using the A2A receptor crystal structure and revealed possible binding modes of LASSBio-897 at the orthosteric and allosteric sites. These findings highlight LASSBio-897 as a lead compound in drug development for silicosis, emphasizing the role of the A2A receptor as its putative site of action.
Believer-Skeptic Meets Actor-Critic: Rethinking the Role of Basal Ganglia Pathways during Decision-Making and Reinforcement Learning

The flexibility of behavioral control is a testament to the brain’s capacity for dynamically resolving uncertainty during goal-directed actions. This ability to select actions and learn from immediate feedback is driven by the dynamics of basal ganglia (BG) pathways. A growing body of empirical evidence conflicts with the traditional view that these pathways act as independent levers for facilitating (i.e., direct pathway) or suppressing (i.e., indirect pathway) motor output, suggesting instead that they engage in a dynamic competition during action decisions that computationally captures action uncertainty. Here we discuss the utility of encoding action uncertainty as a dynamic competition between opposing control pathways and provide evidence that this simple mechanism may have powerful implications for bridging neurocomputational theories of decision making and reinforcement learning.