Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intuitive judgments of change

"Intuitive Judgments of Change" represents the first systematic attempt to understand how people perceive change. Historically, social psychological work has emphasized the importance of stability and continuity among cognitive elements in analyzing cognitive processes. The author develops an hypothesis together with supporting evidence which suggests that change judgments are unique, ubiquitious, and pose no particular problem for people's cognitive apparatus. "Intuitive Judgments of Change" offers an innovative direction for future research on a topic which has as yet received little thoughtful attention.
Creating a Culture of Conservation: Willingness to Confront Environmental Transgressors

Abstract Previous research has shown that social sanctions can catalyze and buttress conservation efforts; however, it is unclear how willing people are to confront (e.g., express verbal or nonverbal approval or disapproval) environmental transgressions. In the present study, willingness to sanction was measured with respect to recycling. Results showed that there was an asymmetry between approval and disapproval. That is, while participants expressed approval for the commission of a positive conservation behavior (recycling), they did not express disapproval for the omission of the same behavior. When asked about their willingness to sanction, participants were more willing to reward than punish and more willing to impose subtle versus overt sanctions. Willingness to impose each type of social sanction was correlated with the perceived effectiveness of that sanction. Overall, results showed that students were hesitant to confront environmental transgressors with social sanctions. It is proposed that crea.
Cooperative Multicriteria Games With Public and Private Criteria: An Investigation of Core Concepts

A new class of cooperative multicriteria games is introduced which takes into account two different types of criteria: private criteria, which correspond to divisible and excludable goods, and public criteria, which in an allocation take the same value for each coalition member. The different criteria are not condensed by means of a utility function, but left in their own right. Moreover, the games considered are not single-valued, but each coalition can realize a set of vectors - representing the outcomes of each of the criteria - depending on several alternatives. Two core concepts are defined: the core and the dominance outcome core. The relation between the two concepts is studied and the core is axiomatized by means of consistency properties.
Biosurfactant as an Enhancer of Geologic Carbon Storage: Microbial Modification of Interfacial Tension and Contact Angle in Carbon dioxide/Water/Quartz Systems

Injecting and storing of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep geologic formations is considered as one of the promising approaches for geologic carbon storage. Microbial wettability alteration of injected CO2 is expected to occur naturally by microorganisms indigenous to the geologic formation or microorganisms intentionally introduced to increase CO2 storage capacity in the target reservoirs. The question as to the extent of microbial CO2 wettability alteration under reservoir conditions still warrants further investigation. This study investigated the effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant—surfactin, on interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and contact angle alteration in CO2/water/quartz systems under a laboratory setup simulating in situ reservoir conditions. The temporal shifts in the IFT and the contact angle among CO2, brine, and quartz were monitored for different CO2 phases (3 MPa, 30°C for gaseous CO2; 10 MPa, 28°C for liquid CO2; 10 MPa, 37°C for supercritical CO2) upon cultivation of Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC6633 with induced surfactin secretion activity. Due to the secreted surfactin, the IFT between CO2 and brine decreased: from 49.5 to 30 mN/m, by ∼39% for gaseous CO2; from 28.5 to 13 mN/m, by 54% for liquid CO2; and from 32.5 to 18.5 mN/m, by ∼43% for supercritical CO2, respectively. The contact angle of a CO2 droplet on a quartz disk in brine increased: from 20.5° to 23.2°, by 1.16 times for gaseous CO2; from 18.4° to 61.8°, by 3.36 times for liquid CO2; and from 35.5° to 47.7°, by 1.34 times for supercritical CO2, respectively. With the microbially altered CO2 wettability, improvement in sweep efficiency of injected and displaced CO2 was evaluated using 2-D pore network model simulations; again the increment in sweep efficiency was the greatest in liquid CO2 phase due to the largest reduction in capillary factor. This result provides novel insights as to the role of naturally occurring biosurfactants in CO2 storage and suggests that biostimulation of biosurfactant production may be a feasible technique for enhancement of CO2 storage capacity.
Exploring the contribution of attribution retraining to student perceptions and the learning process

This paper looks at current research into how thinking influences learning. How people explain to themselves why they fail and succeed inevitably impacts on how well they learn new skills. Researchers have been developing attribution retraining programmes targeted at improving student academic achievement and learning experience through the promotion of positive thinking. These findings can often be found in scientific psychological journals far removed from the educational practitioners and learning environments they attempt to influence. This paper introduces the educational practitioner to the principles underlying attribution theory. The potential benefits of incorporating attribution retraining programmes into the school curriculum are then outlined and the future of this area for both researchers and educational psychologists alike is discussed.
Treatment of hemophilia: a review of current advances and ongoing issues

Replacement of the congenitally deficient factor VIII or IX through plasma-derived or recombinant concentrates is the mainstay of treatment for hemophilia. Concentrate infusions when hemorrhages occur typically in joint and muscles (on-demand treatment) is able to resolve bleeding, but does not prevent the progressive joint deterioration leading to crippling hemophilic arthropathy. Therefore, primary prophylaxis, ie, regular infusion of concentrates started after the first joint bleed and/or before the age of two years, is now recognized as first-line treatment in children with severe hemophilia. Secondary prophylaxis, whenever started, aims to avoid (or delay) the progression of arthropathy and improve patient quality of life. Interestingly, recent data suggest a role for early prophylaxis also in preventing development of inhibitors, the most serious complication of treatment in hemophilia, in which multiple genetic and environmental factors may be involved. Treatment of bleeds in patients with inhibitors requires bypassing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrates, recombinant factor VIIa). However, eradication of inhibitors by induction of immune tolerance should be the first choice for patients with recent onset inhibitors. The wide availability of safe factor concentrates and programs for comprehensive care has now resulted in highly satisfactory treatment of hemophilia patients in developed countries. Unfortunately, this is not true for more than two-thirds of persons with hemophilia, who live in developing countries.
Classroom Peer Effects and Academic Achievement: Evidence from a Chinese Middle School

This paper estimates peer effects on student achievement using a panel data set from a middle school in China. Unique features of the organization of Chinese middle schools (Grades 7 to 9) and panel data allow us to overcome difficulties that have hindered the separation of peer effects from omitted individual factors due to self-selection and from common teacher effects and to identify peer effects at the classroom level. We estimate peer effects for Math, English, and Chinese test scores separately. In a linear-in-means model controlling for both individual and teacher-by-test fixed effects, peers are found to have a positive and significant effect on math test scores, a positive but insignificant effect on Chinese test scores, but no effect on English test scores. Importantly, in Math and Chinese students at the middle of the ability distribution tend to benefit from better peers, whereas students at the ends of the ability distribution do not, suggesting that policy makers who want to exploit positive peer effects face difficult tradeoffs in classroom and school assignment.
Expressiveness and complexity of XML Schema

The common abstraction of XML Schema by unranked regular tree languages is not entirely accurate. To shed some light on the actual expressive power of XML Schema, intuitive semantical characterizations of the Element Declarations Consistent (EDC) rule are provided. In particular, it is obtained that schemas satisfying EDC can only reason about regular properties of ancestors of nodes. Hence, with respect to expressive power, XML Schema is closer to DTDs than to tree automata. These theoretical results are complemented with an investigation of the XML Schema Definitions (XSDs) occurring in practice, revealing that the extra expressiveness of XSDs over DTDs is only used to a very limited extent. As this might be due to the complexity of the XML Schema specification and the difficulty of understanding the effect of constraints on typing and validation of schemas, a simpler formalism equivalent to XSDs is proposed. It is based on contextual patterns rather than on recursive types and it might serve as a light-weight front end for XML Schema. Next, the effect of EDC on the way XML documents can be typed is discussed. It is argued that a cleaner, more robust, larger but equally feasible class is obtained by replacing EDC with the notion of 1-pass preorder typing (1PPT): schemas that allow one to determine the type of an element of a streaming document when its opening tag is met. This notion can be defined in terms of grammars with restrained competition regular expressions and there is again an equivalent syntactical formalism based on contextual patterns. Finally, algorithms for recognition, simplification, and inclusion of schemas for the various classes are given.
Please Scroll down for Article the Journal of General Psychology the Effect of Mood-context on Visual Recognition and Recall Memory

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Rethinking entrepreneurship methodology and definitions of the entrepreneur

Purpose – The paper aims to highlight the potential of paradigm interplay for providing greater insight into entrepreneurship research, in this case definitions of the entrepreneur. Design/methodology/approach – Literature from entrepreneurship, organisation studies and strategy highlights the potential of multiple paradigm research. We demonstrate how to conduct such a study through paradigm interplay by applying four contrasting research perspectives to four case studies of habitual entrepreneurs. Findings – The practical challenges of conducting multiple paradigm research are illustrated. A number of consistent themes across all four paradigms provide some insight into the reasons why it is difficult to agree on a single definition of the entrepreneur. Insights into the value and operationalisation of multiple paradigm research in the field of entrepreneurship are provided. Research limitations/implications – An exhaustive review of definitions of the entrepreneur is not provided. This is a study into how multiple paradigm research can be used to enrich understanding. Advice for the conduct of studies employing paradigm interplay is presented. Practical implications – The same individuals or firms can be included or excluded depending on the definition employed. This can lead to confusion particularly in establishing eligibility and applicability of specific policy measures. Full awareness of underlying assumptions is required. Originality/value – Paradigm interplay is a new approach for entrepreneurship research
Organization Theory: From Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond

This collection of papers is edited by renowned business thinker Oliver Williamson, who is currently Transamerica Professor of Corporate Strategy at the School of Business Administration at Berkeley. The fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Chester I. Barnard's remarkable and still influential book, The Functions of the Executive, was celebrated with a seminar series at the University of California, Berkeley in the Spring of 1988. Eight of those lectures are published here. The contributors include organization specialists and sociologists (Barbara Levitt and James March; W. Richard Scott; Glenn Carroll; Jeffrey Pfeffer), an anthropologist, a political scientist, and two economists (Mary Douglas; Terry Moe; Oliver Hart; Oliver Williamson). An important contribution to organization theory, this volume reports on recent progress in this field, and projects a productive research future.
HER2-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses in Patients Vaccinated with Truncated HER2 Protein Complexed with Nanogels of Cholesteryl Pullulan

Purpose: We developed a complex of tumor antigen protein with a novel nanoparticle antigen delivery system of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP). To target HER2 antigen, we prepared truncated HER2 protein 1-146 (146HER2) complexed with CHP, the CHP-HER2 vaccine. We designed a clinical study to assess the safety of the vaccine and HER2-specific T-cell immune responses measured by the newly developed enzyme-linked immunospot assay with mRNA-transduced phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4+ T cells in HLA-A2402-positive patients with therapy-refractory HER2-expressing cancers. Experimental Design: Nine patients with various types of solid tumors were enrolled. Each patient was s.c. vaccinated biweekly with 300 μg of CHP-HER2 vaccine for three times followed by booster doses. HER2-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assay by targeting autologous phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4+ T cells transduced with 146HER2-encoding mRNA to cover both identified peptides and unknown epitopes for MHC class I and class II that might exist in the sequence of the vaccine protein. Results: CHP-HER2 vaccine was well tolerated; the only adverse effect was grade 1 transient skin reaction at the sites of vaccination. HER2-specific CD8+ and/or CD4+ T-cell immune responses were detected in five patients who received four to eight vaccinations, among whom both T-cell responses were detected in these patients. In four patients with CD8+ T-cell responses, two patients reacted to previously identified HER263-71 peptide and the other two reacted only to 146HER2 mRNA-transduced cells. Conclusions: CHP-HER2 vaccine was safe and induced HER2-specific CD8+ and/or CD4+ T-cell immune responses.
Code security analysis of a biometric authentication system using automated theorem provers

Understanding the security goals provided by cryptographic protocol implementations is known to be difficult, since security requirements such as secrecy, integrity and authenticity of data are notoriously hard to establish, especially in the context of cryptographic interactions. A lot of research has been devoted to developing formal techniques to analyze abstract specifications of cryptographic protocols. Less attention has been paid to the analysis of cryptoprotocol implementations, for which a formal link to specifications is often not available. In this paper, we apply an approach to determine security goals provided by a C implementation to an industrially-strength biometric authentication system. Our approach is based on control flow graphs and automated theorem provers for first-order logic
Candidate mucosal and surrogate biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease in the era of new technology

Abstract Objective. There is increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology behind inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) although the exact mechanism is far from fully understood. In the era of new technology, over the last years molecular approaches have shed light on the inflammatory mechanisms and their metabolic end products. This opens for a molecular fingerprinting that can be used in the biomarker field of IBD. There is a great need of biomarkers for prediction of clinical outcome and prognostic biomarker for prediction of therapeutic effects in IBD. Although the biomarker concept is old, so far very few really useful biomarkers exist in IBD. Material and methods. Here, we review the predictive and prognostic biomarkers in IBD in the era of new technologies with emphasis on the potential of molecular fingerprinting. Results. Very few candidate biomarkers have been documented. The most promising candidate predictor is tumor necrosis factor-α, but there is a lack of validation. Conclusion. So far, there are few biomarkers documented in IBD, but we are at the start of a new scientific field that will be of great value for the handling of the disease.
Does Screening or Providing Information on Resources for Intimate Partner Violence Increase Women's Knowledge? Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND Screening for IPV in health care settings might increase women's knowledge or awareness around its frequency and its impact on health. When IPV is disclosed, assuring women it is not their fault should improve their knowledge that IPV is the perpetrator's responsibility. Providing information about IPV resources may also increase women's knowledge about the availability of solutions. METHODS Women (n=2708) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) partner violence screen plus video referral and list of local partner violence resources if screening was positive (n=909); (2) partner violence resource list only without screen (n=893); and (3) a no-screen, no-partner violence resource list control group (n=898). One year later, 2364 women (87%) were re-contacted and asked questions assessing their knowledge of the frequency of partner violence, its impact on physical and mental health, the availability of resources to help women experiencing partner violence, and that it is the perpetrator's fault. RESULTS There were no differences between women screened and provided with a partner violence resource list compared to a control group as to women's knowledge of the frequency of IPV, its impact on physical or mental health, or the availability of IPV services in their community. However, among women who experienced IPV in the year before or year after enrolling in the trial, those who were provided a list of IPV resources without screening were significantly less likely to know that IPV is not the victim's fault than those in the control or list plus screening conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that providing information on partner violence resources, with or without asking questions about partner violence, did not result in improved knowledge.
Beyond the Body: Death and Social Identity

Part 1 Social identity and dying: self-less bodies the dying body - visual and textual representations silent bodies and narrative strategies. Part 2 The dead body as a site of social identity: the medical body contested the legal body the social body. Part 3 Social identity in the absence of the body: married life-after-death disembodied selves matter out of place.
Restoring balance? Status inconsistency, absenteeism, and HRM practices

Although it is commonly assumed that perceptions of equity at work have a significant impact on employee absenteeism, our understanding of the equity–absence relationship is limited in that (1) little is known about equity concepts other than procedural and distributive justice; and (2) for the most part, research has overlooked variables likely to mediate and moderate the impact of equity on absenteeism. Drawing from the effort–reward imbalance model (ERI; Siegrist, 1996), our study advances past research by investigating the association between status inconsistency (a situation in which there is a mismatch between, for example, a person's education and his/her income) and absenteeism, and the variables likely to account for this association. Results from a sample of 416 customer-care employees show that stress mediates the relationship between status inconsistency and absenteeism, and that HRM practices attenuate this relationship. Moderated mediation analyses further reveal that HRM practices moderate the indirect effect of status inconsistency on absenteeism via stress.
Exploring Consumer Ethics in Ghana, West Africa

Consumer ethics is a growing area of research that focused almost exclusively on consumers in the United States and, to a lesser degree, Europe and Asia. In this paper, we introduce an African element to the consumer ethics discourse by drawing on survey responses from over 300 Ghanaian consumers to explore their ethical beliefs and judgements. We analysed these data using regression techniques. Our findings show that Ghanaian consumers exhibit lower levels of ethics compared with their America counterparts, especially when the unethical actions facilitate the achievement of their goals. While Ghanaian consumers recognize the value of moral rules, they are prone to suspending their ethical positions as they deem necessary in a particular context. Implications for marketing strategy and future research are discussed.
Relationships between Young Adults' Forgiveness Culture and their Parents' Forgiveness Culture

The present study examined whether forgiveness culture in young adults was related with forgiveness culture in their parents. One hundred and sixty-six young adults aged 18 to 33, their 166 biological fathers, aged 34 to 72, and their 166 mothers, aged 34 to 63, were presented with the Forgivingness Scale. Young adults' resentment tendencies were linked to their mothers' forgivingness while young adults' revengeful tendencies were linked to their fathers' forgivingness. These results are discussed in terms of gender-type stereotypes regarding the validity of emotions.
An overview on video forensics

Validating a given multimedia content is nowadays quite a hard task because of the huge amount of possible alterations that could have been operated on it. In order to face this problem, image and video experts have proposed a wide set of solutions to reconstruct the processing history of a given multimedia signal. These strategies rely on the fact that non-reversible operations applied to a signal leave some traces ("footprints") that can be identified and classified in order to reconstruct the possible alterations that have been operated on the original source. These solutions permit also to identify which source generated a specific image or video content given some device-related peculiarities. The paper aims at providing an overview of the existing video processing techniques, considering all the possible alterations that can be operated on a single signal and also the possibility of identifying the traces that could reveal important information about its origin and use.