Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Angry Brain: Neural Correlates of Anger, Angry Rumination, and Aggressive Personality

Very little is known about the neural circuitry guiding anger, angry rumination, and aggressive personality. In the present fMRI experiment, participants were insulted and induced to ruminate. Activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was positively related to self-reported feelings of anger and individual differences in general aggression. Activity in the medial prefrontal cortex was related to self-reported rumination and individual differences in displaced aggression. Increased activation in the hippocampus, insula, and cingulate cortex following the provocation predicted subsequent self-reported rumination. These findings increase our understanding of the neural processes associated with the risk for aggressive behavior by specifying neural regions that mediate the subjective experience of anger and angry rumination as well as the neural pathways linked to different types of aggressive behavior.
EPC-Derived Microvesicles Protect Cardiomyocytes from Ang II-Induced Hypertrophy and Apoptosis

Cell-released microvesicles (MVs) represent a novel way of cell-to-cell communication. Previous evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-derived MVs can modulate endothelial cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we evaluated whether EPC-MVs protect cardiomyocytes (CMs) against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis. The H9c2 CMs were exposed to Ang II in the presence or absence of EPC-MVs. Cell viability, apoptosis, surface area and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) expression were analyzed. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and their phosphorylated proteins (p-Akt, p-eNOS) were measured. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and NOS inhibitors were used for pathway verification. The role of MV-carried RNAs in mediating these effects was also explored. Results showed 1) EPC-MVs were able to protect CMs against Ang II-induced changes in cell viability, apoptosis, surface area, β-MHC expression and ROS over-production; 2) The effects were accompanied with the up-regulation of Akt/p-Akt and its downstream eNOS/p-eNOS, and were abolished by PI3K inhibition or partially blocked by NOS inhibition; 3) Depletion of RNAs from EPC-MVs partially or totally eliminated the effects of EPC-MVs. Our data indicate that EPC-MVs protect CMs from hypertrophy and apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway via the RNAs carried by EPC-MVs.
Percutaneous Internal Fixation of Scaphoid Fracturesvia an Arthroscopically Assisted Dorsal Approach

Percutaneous internal fixation of scaphoid fractures allows for more predictable union and less morbidity than cast treatment or open internal fixation. A headless cannulated compression screw (standard Acutrak) is implanted by way of a dorsal percutaneous approach with the aid of fluoroscopy and arthroscopy to confirm screw position and fracture reduction. This technique is indicated in the correction of acute proximal pole fractures, acute waist fractures, and delayed unions that are not associated with avascular necrosis or collapse. The details of this technique are reviewed. In a consecutive series of twenty-seven fractures (seventeen waist fractures and ten proximal pole fractures) treated with arthroscopically assisted dorsal percutaneous fixation, computed tomographic scanning confirmed 100% union at an average of twelve weeks. Eighteen fractures were treated within one month after the injury, and nine were treated more than one month after the injury. In this series, the fractures that were treated early (less than one month after the injury) healed more quickly than those treated later.
Stool antigen detection versus 13C-urea breath test for non-invasive diagnosis of pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection in a limited resource setting

Introduction The prevalence of childhood infection with Helicobacter pylori is high, especially in developing countries. Non-invasive methods for detection of infection in children should be inexpensive, easy to perform, well tolerated and have a high diagnostic accuracy. We aimed to compare the reliability, specificity and sensitivity of the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test with the 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in a limited resource setting. Material and methods The stool samples of 60 symptomatic and dyspeptic children with a mean age of 7.2 ±3.7 years (2–15 years) were evaluated using the rapid One step HpSA test by lateral flow immunoassay. The 13C-UBT was used as the gold standard method for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Results The HpSA test detected H. pylori antigen in 34 out of 38 positive patients with 4 false-negatives (sensitivity 89.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 75.2–97.1%), while 21 patients had true-negative results and one false-positive (specificity 95.5%, 95% CI: 77.2–99.9%), with a strong measure of agreement between the HpSA test and the 13C-UBT (κ = 0.83, 95% CI: 68–97%, p < 0.001). It had a positive predictive value of 97.1% (95% CI: 85.1–99.9%), a negative predictive value of 84% (95% CI: 63.9–95.5%) and an accuracy of 91.7%. Conclusions The rapid lateral flow HpSA test is a reliable method for the primary diagnosis of H. pylori infections in children, though not as accurate as the 13C-UBT. It is more affordable, simpler to perform and more tolerable, representing a viable alternative, especially in developing countries.
Supersymmetry of rotating branes

We present a new 1/8 supersymmetric intersecting M-brane solution of D=11 supergravity with two independent rotation parameters. The metric has a non-singular event horizon and the near-horizon geometry is $adS_3\times S^3\times S^3\times\bE^2$ (just as in the non-rotating case). We also present a method of determining the isometry supergroup of supergravity solutions from the Killing spinors and use it to show that for the near horizon solution it is $D(2|1,\alpha)\times D(2|1,\alpha)$ where $\alpha$ is the ratio of the two 3-sphere radii. We also consider various dimensional reductions of our solution, and the corresponding effect of these reductions on the Killing spinors and the isometry supergroups.
Control of epilepsy associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of radiosurgery for symptomatic epilepsy associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHODS Thirty five patients with unruptured epileptogenic AVMs were studied with a mean follow up of 43.0 months. The duration of epilepsy before radiosurgery ranged from 2 months to 21 years (mean 2.8 years). Fifteen patients showed partial seizures; eight of these had associated secondary generalisation. The remaining 20 patients showed only generalised seizures without preceding focal seizures. RESULTS At the final follow up examination, 28 patients remained seizure free, whereas seizures continued in seven. Variables significantly associated with continuity of seizures after radiosurgery were the number of seizures before therapy (p<0.01) and duration of epilepsy (p<0.05). According to Engel’s classification, the 10 patients with intractable seizures before treatment included five with grade I, four with grade III, and one with grade IV. The frequency of seizures began to decrease several months after radiosurgery; much shorter than the time required for morphological change in the AVMs. CONCLUSIONS Radiosurgery seems to be beneficial for seizure control in patients with unruptured epileptogenic AVM.
Dynamical Systems, Measures and Fractals via Domain Theory

We introduce domain theory in the computation of dynamical systems, iterated function systems (fractals) and measures. For a discrete dynamical system (X, f), given by the action of a continuous map f: X → X on a metric space X, we study the extended dynamical systems (VX, Vf) and (UX, Uf) where V is the Vietoris functor and U is the upper space functor. In fact, from the point of view of computing the attractors of (X, f), it is natural to study the other two systems: A compact attractor of (X, f) is a fixed point of (VX, Vf) and a fixed point of (UX, Uf). We show that if (X, f) is chaotic, then so is (UX, Uf). When X is locally compact UX is a continuous bounded complete dcpo. If X is second countable as well, then UX will be ω-continuous and can be given an effective structure. We show how strange attractors, attractors of iterated function systems (fractals) and Julia sets are obtained effectively as fixed points of deterministic functions on UX or fixed points of non-deterministic functions on CUX where C is the convex (Plotkin) power domain. We also establish an interesting link between measure theory and domain theory. We show that the set, M(X), of Borel measures on X can be embedded in PUX, where P is the probabilistic power domain. This provides an effective way of obtaining measures on X. We then prove that the invariant measure of an hyperbolic iterated function system with probabilities can be obtained as the unique fixed point of an associated continuous function on PUX.
The VISNET II DVC codec: Architecture, tools and performance

This paper introduces the VISNET II DVC codec. This codec achieves very high RD performance thanks to the efficient combination of many state-of-the-art coding tools into a fully practical video codec. Experimental results show that the proposed DVC codec consistently outperforms H.264/AVC Intra. For sequences with coherent motion, it even surpasses H.264/AVC zero-motion. Finally, it is also always better than the DISCOVER DVC codec. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed high performing DVC codec will be used by other researchers in the field as a reference to benchmark their results.
Checklist of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Serra do Intendente State Park - Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract In order to contribute to the butterflies’ biodiversity knowledge at Serra do Intendente State Park - Minas Gerais, a study based on collections using Van Someren-Rydon traps and active search was performed. In this study, a total of 395 butterflies were collected, of which 327 were identified to species or morphospecies. 263 specimens were collected by the traps and 64 were collected using entomological hand-nets; 43 genera and 60 species were collected and identified.
The characteristics and clinical outcome of drug-induced liver injury in a Chinese hospital

AbstractThe aim of this cohort study was to determine the characteristics and clinical outcome of 287 patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in a Chinese hospital.Between January 2008 and January 2013, individuals who were diagnosed with DILI were selected. The complete medical records of each case were reviewed, and factors for the outcome of patients with DILI were extracted and analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis.Two hundred eighty-seven cases identified as DILI were included in the study. A total of 105 different drugs were considered to be related to the hepatotoxicity. The main causative group of drugs was Chinese herb (n = 111). Liver failure developed in 9 (3.1%) patients, and 2 died (0.7%). Overall, complete recovery occurred in 92 (32.1%) patients. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis identified the digestive symptoms, jaundice, total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) as independent factors for the non-recovery of DILI. Then the prediction model, including digestive symptoms, jaundice, TBIL, and DBIL, was built by using binary logistic regression analysis again. Receiver operating characteristic curve validated the strong power (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.907) of prediction model for predicting the DILI non-recovery.DILI is an important cause of liver test abnormalities, and Chinese herb represented the most common drug group. The factors such as digestive symptoms, jaundice, TBIL, and DBIL have effect on DILI outcomes. The prediction model, including digestive symptoms, jaundice, TBIL, and DBIL, established in this study is really an excellent predictive tool for non-recovery of DILI patients.
Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes from Germany and Austria: A Trend Analysis in a Cohort of 37,539 Patients between 1995 and 2012

In a cohort study, Beate Karges and colleagues find that the association between low hemoglobin A1C and severe hypoglycemia in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes has decreased over the period between 1995 and 2012. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Matrix Factorization-Based Data Fusion for Gene Function Prediction in Baker's Yeast and Slime Mold

The development of effective methods for the characterization of gene functions that are able to combine diverse data sources in a sound and easily-extendible way is an important goal in computational biology. We have previously developed a general matrix factorization-based data fusion approach for gene function prediction. In this manuscript, we show that this data fusion approach can be applied to gene function prediction and that it can fuse various heterogeneous data sources, such as gene expression profiles, known protein annotations, interaction and literature data. The fusion is achieved by simultaneous matrix tri-factorization that shares matrix factors between sources. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by evaluating its performance on predicting ontological annotations in slime mold D. discoideum and on recognizing proteins of baker's yeast S. cerevisiae that participate in the ribosome or are located in the cell membrane. Our approach achieves predictive performance comparable to that of the state-of-the-art kernel-based data fusion, but requires fewer data preprocessing steps.
Knowing Me, Knowing You: Reciprocal Self-Disclosure in Internet-Based Surveys

Candid self-disclosure is desirable for many behavioral science studies. Although there is ample evidence that self-disclosure is increased when people communicate or participate in research over the Internet, few studies have looked at ways of increasing this effect. In the present pilot study, participants were randomly allocated to either a condition in which they received self-disclosing information about the experimenter (and then moved on to the study) or were directed straight to the study. Participants completed six open response questions on the Internet. Participants who received the experimenter disclosure divulged a significantly higher quantity of information about themselves, but their answers were not scored as significantly more revealing or intimate than those participants who did not receive the experimenter disclosure. Implications for conducting research over the Internet are discussed.
Dietary soya protein improves intra-myocardial lipid deposition and altered glucose metabolism in a hypertensive, dyslipidaemic, insulin-resistant rat model

Abstract This study investigates the effects of replacing dietary casein by soya protein on the underlying mechanisms involved in the impaired metabolic fate of glucose and lipid metabolisms in the heart of dyslipidaemic rats chronically fed (8 months) a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were fed an SRD for 4 months. From months 4 to 8, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed an SRD in which casein was substituted by soya. The control group received a diet with maize starch as the carbohydrate source. Compared with the SRD-fed group, the following results were obtained. First, soya protein significantly (P<0·001) reduced the plasma NEFA levels and normalised dyslipidaemia and glucose homoeostasis, improving insulin resistance. The protein levels of fatty acid translocase at basal state and under insulin stimulation and the protein levels and activity of muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were normalised. Second, a significant (P<0·001) reduction of TAG, long-chain acyl CoA and diacylglycerol levels was observed in the heart muscle. Third, soya protein significantly increased (P<0·01) GLUT4 protein level under insulin stimulation and normalised glucose phosphorylation and oxidation. A reduction of phosphorylated AMP protein kinase protein level was recorded without changes in uncoupling protein 2 and PPARα. Fourth, hydroxyproline concentration decreased in the left ventricle and hypertension was normalised. The new information provided shows the beneficial effects of soya protein upon the altered pathways of glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart muscle of this rat model.
Visfatin in obese children and adolescents and its association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

Abstract Background: Visfatin, also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, is an adipokine that has been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes mellitus. Since obesity profoundly affects serum lipids, insulin, and glucose metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between visfatin and metabolic parameters in childhood obesity. Methods: A total of 73 Iranian children and adolescents (31 controls; 42 obese), between the ages of 7 and 16 years, were selected and clinically evaluated. Serum visfatin, leptin, insulin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA, and insulin resistance was calculated by the Homeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and HDL-C were also measured. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was determined according to IDF criteria. Results: Obese subjects presented significantly higher levels of insulin, LDL-C, HOMA-IR, and leptin and lower levels of adiponectin. Serum Visfatin was higher in obese children than in the control children, and it was significantly higher in obese children with MetS or IR, compared with obese children without MetS or IR. Visfatin levels showed positive correlations with FPG, insulin, and HOMA-IR, in obese subjects and a negative correlation with adiponectin, but no correlation with leptin. Adiponectin levels were correlated with HDL-C and Insulin levels in obese subjects. Leptin levels were correlated with Body mass index (BMI) but not with metabolic parameters. Conclusions: Visfatin is increased in obese children and adolescents, and has a more prominent association with IR and MetS parameters, compared with leptin and adiponectin.
Morphology and growth, tumorigenicity, and cytogenetics of human neuroblastoma cells in continuous culture.

Summary Continuous cell lines, SK-N-SH and SK-N-MC, were established in cell culture from human metastatic neuroblastoma tissue and maintained in vitro for 1 to 2 years. SK-N-SH comprises two morphologically distinctive cell types, a small spiny cell and a large epithelioid cell. SK-N-MC is composed of small fibroblast-like cells with scant cytoplasm. In monolayer culture both cell lines form disoriented growth patterns and reach high saturation densities. Population-doubling times were 44 and 32 hr for SK-N-SH and SK-N-MC, respectively. Inoculum levels of 10 7 cells of both lines produced tumors confirmed by histopathological examination, at frequencies of 30 to 40% in cheek pouches of conditioned Syrian hamsters. SK-N-SH cells are characterized by high dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity while SK-N-MC cells have no detectable activity. However, for SK-N-MC but not SK-N-SH, the presence of intracellular catecholamine was indicated by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. The lines are near-diploid with several chromosomal markers; SK-N-MC cells contain double- minute chromosomes. Growth, biochemical, and cytogenetic properties confirmed that the lines comprise malignant cells of neurogenic origin.
Dissecting DNS Stakeholders in Mobile Networks

The functioning of mobile apps involves a large number of protocols and entities, with the Domain Name System (DNS) acting as a predominant one. Despite being one of the oldest Internet systems, DNS still operates with semi-obscure interactions among its stakeholders: domain owners, network operators, operating systems, and app developers. The goal of this work is to holistically understand the dynamics of DNS in mobile traffic along with the role of each of its stakeholders. We use two complementary (anonymized) datasets: traffic logs provided by a European mobile network operator (MNO) with 19M customers, and traffic logs from 5,000 users of Lumen, a traffic monitoring app for Android. We complement such passive traffic analysis with active measurements at four European MNOs. Our study reveals that 10k domains (out of 198M) account for 87% of total network flows. The time to live (TTL) values for such domains are mostly short (< 1min), despite domain-to-IPs mapping tends to change on a longer time-scale. Further, depending on the operators recursive resolver architecture, end-user devices receive even smaller TTL values leading to suboptimal effectiveness of the on-device DNS cache. Despite a number of on-device and in-network optimizations available to minimize DNS overhead, which we find corresponding to 10% of page load time (PLT) on average, we have not found wide evidence of their adoption in the wild.
Cyclooxygenase-2-Linked Attenuation of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Intravascular Thrombosis

Exogenous prostacyclin is effective in reducing pulmonary vascular resistance in some forms of human pulmonary hypertension (PH). To explore whether endogenous prostaglandins played a similar role in pulmonary hypertension, we examined the effect of deleting cyclooxygenase (COX)-gene isoforms in a chronic hypoxia model of PH. Pulmonary hypertension, examined by direct measurement of right ventricular end systolic pressure (RVESP), right ventricular hypertrophy (n = 8), and hematocrit (n = 3), was induced by 3 weeks of hypobaric-hypoxia in wild-type and COX-knockout (KO) mice. RVESP was increased in wild-type hypoxic mice compared with normoxic controls (24.4 ± 1.4 versus 13.8 ± 1.9 mm Hg; n = 8; p < 0.05). COX-2 KO mice showed a greater increase in RVESP following hypoxia (36.8 ± 2.7 mm Hg; p < 0.05). Urinary thromboxane (TX)B2 excretion increased following hypoxia (44.6 ± 11.1 versus 14.7 ± 1.8 ng/ml; n = 6; p < 0.05), an effect that was exacerbated by COX-2 gene disruption (54.5 ± 10.8 ng/ml; n = 6). In contrast, the increase in 6-keto-prostacyclin1α excretion following hypoxia was reduced by COX-2 gene disruption (29 ± 3 versus 52 ± 4.6 ng/ml; p < 0.01). Tail cut bleed times were lower following hypoxia, and there was evidence of intravascular thrombosis in lung vessels that was exacerbated by disruption of COX-2 and reduced by deletion of COX-1. The TXA2/endoperoxide receptor antagonist ifetroban (50 mg/kg/day) offset the effect of deleting the COX-2 gene, attenuating the hypoxia-induced rise in RVESP and intravascular thrombosis. COX-2 gene deletion exacerbates pulmonary hypertension, enhances sensitivity to TXA2, and induces intravascular thrombosis in response to hypoxia. The data provide evidence that endogenous prostaglandins modulate the pulmonary response to hypoxia.