Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Team composition, leadership and information-processing behavior : a simulation game study of the locus-of-control personality trait

In this study, we relate the individual locus-of-control personality trait of team members to the teamâ€™s information gathering and processing behavior. We adopt a team information-processing approach arguing that a teamâ€™s information-processing capacity is a function of its composition with respect to the membersâ€™ locus of control and the leadership structure of the group. We develop models that go beyond analyzing simple main effects of differences in team locus-of-control composition. We hypothesize that (a) the impact of the team locus-of-control mean depends on the within-group locus-of-control diversity, and (b) the effect of both the team locus-of-control mean and its standard deviation is contingent upon the leadership structure of the group. The hypotheses were tested on 44 teams participating in an elaborate international management simulation over six time periods. As predicted, we find that teams with a high average internal locus-of-control score collect more information and make more informed decisions when the within-team locus-of-control spread is low, and when the team operates without a leader. The opposite is the case for teams with a high average external locus-of-control score. In addition, locus-of-control diversity induces team information search only in the case when the team has no leader. We also show that team financial performance is comparably affected by our focal independent team variables. On a general level, our results offer strong support for recent pleas to study theoretically relevant individual traits, use proper aggregation models and include structural moderator variables in team composition research.
T-cell-mediated clearance of mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM from the central nervous system

Clearance of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus from the central nervous system was examined by the transfer of spleen cells from immunized donors. A T cell with the surface phenotype of Thy1.2+ CD4+ CD8- asialo-GM1+ Mac-1- was found to be necessary for viral clearance. The surface phenotype and adherence to nylon wool suggest that these cells are activated helper-inducer T cells. Adoptive transfer to congenic histocompatibility strains demonstrated the necessity for compatibility at the D locus of the major histocompatibility complex. The expression of the CD4 surface marker and the requirement for major histocompatibility complex class I were further studied by the transfer of cells to recipients treated with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Treatment of recipients with either the anti-CD8 or the anti-CD4 antibodies inhibited virus clearance from the central nervous system. This suggests that the CD4+ cell acts as a helper and that virus is cleared from the central nervous system. This suggests that the CD4+ cell acts as a helper and that virus is cleared from the central nervous system by CD8+ cells that recognize viral antigen in the context of the H-2Db gene product.
High Pathogenic Potential of Low-Affinity Autoantibodies in Experimental Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

To assess the potency of low-affinity anti–red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies in the induction of anemia, we generated an immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a class-switch variant of a 4C8 IgM anti–mouse RBC autoantibody, and compared its pathogenic potential with that of its IgM isotype and a high-affinity 34-3C IgG2a autoantibody. The RBC-binding activity of the 4C8 IgG2a variant was barely detectable, at least 1,000 times lower than that of its IgM isotype, having a high-binding avidity, and that of the 34-3C IgG2a monoclonal antibody (mAb). This low-affinity feature of the 4C8 mAb was consistent with the lack of detection of opsonized RBCs in the circulating blood from the 4C8 IgG2a–injected mice. However, the 4C8 IgG2a variant was highly pathogenic, as potent as its IgM isotype and the 34-3C IgG2a mAb, due to its capacity to interact with Fc receptors involved in erythrophagocytosis. In addition, our results indicated that the pentameric form of the low-affinity IgM isotype, by promoting the binding and agglutination of RBCs, is critical for its pathogenic activity. Demonstration of the remarkably high pathogenic potency of low-affinity autoantibodies, if combined with appropriate heavy chain effector functions, highlights the critical role of the Ig heavy chain constant regions, but the relatively minor role of autoantigen-binding affinities, in autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Tag-Based Contextual Collaborative Filtering

In this paper, we introduce a new Collaborative Filtering (CF) model which takes into consideration users’ context based upon tagging information such as available from recently popular social tagging systems. In numerous implementations, traditional CF systems have been proven to work well under certain circumstances. However, CF systems still suffer a weakness: They do not take context into consideration. Yet recently, social tagging systems have become popular– these systems provide a well suited combination of context clues through tags as well as important social connectivity among users. Thus, we combine the features of these two systems to create a Tag-Based Contexual Collaborative Filtering model.
The Effect of Business Strategy on Innovation and Firm Performance in the Small Industrial Sector

---------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------The purpose of this study was to examine and analyzed the effect of business strategy on innovation and firm performance in the small industrial sector. Especially, to analyzed partially the effect of business strategy on innovation, the effect business strategy on firm performance, and the effect innovation on firm performance. The sample using purposive sampling of 55 business units. Primary data collection instrument is done by giving a questionnaire to the owner-managers of the wooden furniture manufacturing. Analysis of the data used to test the hypotheses of partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that partially, business strategy have a positive effect on innovation, business strategy have a positive effect on firm performance, and innovation have a positive effect on firm performance. Overall, the study provides a basis modeling alternative business strategyinnovation configurations to optimize firm performance in the small industrial sector. Therefore, in future studies need to confirm the moderating effect of innovation on the relationship between business strategy and firm performance to provide a clear understanding of the concepts of innovation capabilities can improve the competitive position of the firm and superior performance.
Effects of addition of ketamine, fentanyl and saline with Propofol induction on hemodynamics and laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions in oral clonidine premedicated children

Background: The aim of this double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the effect of addition of ketamine; fentanyl and saline with propofol anesthesia on hemodynamic profile and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion conditions in oral clonidine premedicated children. Methods: 180 children (age 2 - 10 years) were at first given oral clonidine (4 μg/kg) 90 minutes before operation, and then were randomly allocated to receive either ketamine 0.5 mg/kg (n=60), fentanyl 1 μg/kg (n=60) or 0.9% normal saline (n=60) before induction with propofol 3.0 mg/kg. Insertion of LMA was performed within 1 minute of injection of propofol. Heart rate and mean blood pressure were noted 1 min before induction (baseline), immediately after induction, before and after insertion of LMA for up to 3 min. Following LMA insertion, 6 subjective end points were noted-mouth opening, coughing, swallowing, patient's movement, laryngospasm, and ease of an insertion. LMA insertion summed score was prepared depending upon these variables. Results: LMA insertion summed score was nearly similar in ketamine and fentanyl group, which were significantly better than saline group (P<0.004). Mean blood pressure and heart rate were maintained in ketamine than with fentanyl or saline group. Incidence of prolonged apnea (>120 secs.) was higher in fentanyl group compared to ketamine and saline group. Conclusion: Even in oral clonidine premedicated children, addition of ketamine with propofol provides hemodynamic stability and comparable conditions for LMA insertion like fentanyl propofol with significantly less prolonged apnea.
Seeing Life through Positive-Tinted Glasses: Color–Meaning Associations

There is a growing body of literature to show that color can convey information, owing to its emotionally meaningful associations. Most research so far has focused on negative hue–meaning associations (e.g., red) with the exception of the positive aspects associated with green. We therefore set out to investigate the positive associations of two colors (i.e., green and pink), using an emotional facial expression recognition task in which colors provided the emotional contextual information for the face processing. In two experiments, green and pink backgrounds enhanced happy face recognition and impaired sad face recognition, compared with a control color (gray). Our findings therefore suggest that because green and pink both convey positive information, they facilitate the processing of emotionally congruent facial expressions (i.e., faces expressing happiness) and interfere with that of incongruent facial expressions (i.e., faces expressing sadness). Data also revealed a positive association for white. Results are discussed within the theoretical framework of emotional cue processing and color meaning.
The lipids and lipoproteins of human peripheral lymph, with observations on the transport of cholesterol from plasma and tissues into lymph.

1. The lipids and lipoproteins of lymph obtained from the dorsum of the foot were examined in seven human subjects. 2. The concentration of total cholesterol in lymph was about one-tenth that in plasma and was significantly correlated with the plasma total cholesterol concentration. The ratio of esterified to total cholesterol in lymph was similar to that in plasma. 3. Triglyceride was detectable in lymph, but the concentration was less than one-tenth that in plasma and was unrelated to the plasma triglyceride concentration. 4. No lipase activity was detectable in lymph, either before or after intravenous injection of heparin. 5. Cholesterol-esterifying activity was detected in four samples of lymph. 6. The major lipoprotein antigens of human plasma (apo-A, apo-B and apo-C) were present in whole lymph, but their distribution in fractions of different density was different from that in plasma. 7. [ 14 C]Cholesterol, injected intravenously, appeared in lymph within 30 min of the injection, indicating that some of the cholesterol in lymph is derived directly from plasma. 8. At intervals greater than 29 days after a single intravenous injection of [ 14 C]-cholesterol, the specific radioactivity of lymph cholesterol was greater than that of plasma cholesterol, indicating that some of the cholesterol in lymph is derived from tissue pools of cholesterol with slow turnover.
Needs Analysis of Business English Undergraduates and the Implications to Business English Curriculum Design

Needs Analysis is a valuable and irreplaceable tool in the curriculum design of Business English courses. It ensures a focused and efficient curriculum design responsive to the learners' needs. This paper analysis the needs of Business English undergraduates and the information obtained may offer some helpful suggestions to the setting of the teaching goals, selecting textbooks and teaching methods and thus provide reliable guidance for the course designers.
How do judges decide? : the search for fairness and justice in punishment

Acknowledgments Preface 1. The Goals of Sentencing Why Punish? How Much to Punish? Theories of Punishment and Judges' Sentencing Decisions Conclusion 2. Sentencing Options and the Sentencing Process The Judge's Options at Sentencing Sentencing as a Collaborative Exercise The Sentencing Process 3. How do Judges Decide Modeling the Sentencing Process How Do Judges Decide? 4. Sentencing Disparity and Discrimination Disparity and Discrimination Gender and Sentencing Focus on an Issue: Should Men and Women Be Treated the Same Disparity and Discrimination in Sentencing 5. Sentencing Disparity and Discrimination: Racial Disparity in Sentencing Race and Imprisonment: Evidence of Disproportionality Race and Judges' Sentencing Decisions Focus on an Issue: Race and Sentencing for Drug Offenses: Punishment and Prejudice? Race and the Death Penalty: A Failed Experiment? Justice From the Bench? 6. Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform The Sentencing Reform Movement Structured Sentencing Reforms Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Statutes Focus on an Issue: Sentencing Drug Offenders: Incarceration or Treatment--What Works? Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out Laws Truth-In-Sentencing Laws Three Decades of Reform 7. The Impact of the Sentencing Reform Movement Have Sentencing Reforms Led to More Punitive Sentences? Have Sentencing Reforms Led to a Reduction in Crime? Have Sentencing Reforms Reduced Disparity and Discrimination? Assessing the Impact of the Sentencing Reform Movement References Index About the Author
Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia in the Enterally Fed Critically Ill Ventilated Patients: Keeping the Head Up Takes a Village!

One of the most serious complications in the critically ill patient is aspiration resulting in healthcare associated pneumonia. Bedside methods to detect aspiration such as blue dye in enteral formulas and glucose testing of pulmonary secretions have fallen short of the goal. Recognizing that prevention of an aspiration event is essential to good outcomes, investigators have sought to determine the relationship of other variables such as intubation status, backrest elevation, vomiting, mental status and gastric residual volumes to aspiration and the subsequent development of pneumonia. Of the identified risk factors, back rest elevation (BRE) is one of the most modifiable, however, all health care providers must play a role in accomplishing this task. Studies to date demonstrate how difficult this intervention is to achieve. This paper discusses these topics and suggests how the healthcare team might work together to proactively, and positively, effect outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
Coagulation and inflammation in scrub typhus and murine typhus—a prospective comparative study from Laos

Scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi) and murine typhus (caused by Rickettsia typhi) cause up to 28% of febrile episodes in Thailand and Laos. The current understanding of coagulation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of these clinically very similar vasculotropic diseases is limited. This study compared human in vivo changes in 15 coagulation, inflammation and endothelial activation markers in prospectively collected admission and follow-up samples of 121 patients (55 scrub typhus, 55 murine typhus, and 11 typhus-like illness) and 51 healthy controls from Laos. As compared with controls, all but one of the markers assessed were significantly affected in typhus patients; however, the activation patterns differed significantly between scrub and murine typhus patients. The levels of markers of coagulation activation and all inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-12, were significantly higher in patients with scrub typhus than in those with murine typhus. In patients with murine typhus, however, the levels of endothelium-derived markers were significantly higher. Anticoagulant factors were inhibited in both typhus patient groups. This is the first study demonstrating that, in scrub typhus, in vivo coagulation activation is prominent and is related to a strong proinflammatory response, whereas in murine typhus, changes in coagulant and fibrinolytic pathways are suggestive of endothelial cell perturbation. These data suggest that, although late-stage endothelial infection is common in both diseases, the in vivo pathogenic mechanisms of R. typhi and O. tsutsugamushi could differ in the early phase of infection and may contribute to disease differentiation.
Myelin damage and repair in pathologic CNS: challenges and prospects

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in oligodendrocyte cell death and progressive demyelination. Demyelinated axons undergo considerable physiological changes and molecular reorganizations that collectively result in axonal dysfunction, degeneration and loss of sensory and motor functions. Endogenous adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells and neural stem/progenitor cells contribute to the replacement of oligodendrocytes, however, the extent and quality of endogenous remyelination is suboptimal. Emerging evidence indicates that optimal remyelination is restricted by multiple factors including (i) low levels of factors that promote oligodendrogenesis; (ii) cell death among newly generated oligodendrocytes, (iii) inhibitory factors in the post-injury milieu that impede remyelination, and (iv) deficient expression of key growth factors essential for proper re-construction of a highly organized myelin sheath. Considering these challenges, over the past several years, a number of cell-based strategies have been developed to optimize remyelination therapeutically. Outcomes of these basic and preclinical discoveries are promising and signify the importance of remyelination as a mechanism for improving functions in CNS injuries. In this review, we provide an overview on: (1) the precise organization of myelinated axons and the reciprocal axo-myelin interactions that warrant properly balanced physiological activities within the CNS; (2) underlying cause of demyelination and the structural and functional consequences of demyelination in axons following injury and disease; (3) the endogenous mechanisms of oligodendrocyte replacement; (4) the modulatory role of reactive astrocytes and inflammatory cells in remyelination; and (5) the current status of cell-based therapies for promoting remyelination. Careful elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of demyelination in the pathologic CNS is a key to better understanding the impact of remyelination for CNS repair.
The development of the specialist accounting history literature in the English language An analysis by gender

This study focusses on the participation of women in the development of the specialist international accounting history literature. Based on an examination of the three specialist, internationally refereed, accounting history journals in the English language from the time of first publication in each case to the year 2000, the study provides evidence of the involvement of women through publication and also through their membership of editorial boards and editorial advisory boards. In doing so, the study builds on the earlier work of Carnegie and Potter in 2000 and aims to augment our understanding of publishing patterns in the specialist international accounting history literature.
Fliposomes: pH-Sensitive Liposomes Containing a trans-2-morpholinocyclohexanol-Based Lipid That Performs a Conformational Flip and Triggers an Instant Cargo Release in Acidic Medium

Incorporation of a pH-sensitive conformational switch into a lipid structure enables a drastic conformational flip upon protonation that disrupts the liposome membrane and causes rapid release of cargo specifically in areas of increased acidity. pH-sensitive liposomes containing the amphiphile (1) with trans-2-morpholinocyclohexanol conformational switch, a phospholipid, and a PEG-lipid conjugate were constructed and characterized. The optimized composition-1/POPC/PEG-ceramide (50/45/5)-could be stored at 4 °C and pH 7.4 for up to 1.5 years, and was stable in blood serum in vitro after 48 h at 37 °C. Liposomes loaded with ANTS/DPX or methotrexate demonstrated an unusually quick content release (in a few seconds) at pH below 5.5, which was independent of inter-liposome contact. The pH-titration curve for the liposome leakage paralleled the curve for the acid-induced conformational flip of 1 studied by 1H-NMR. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy images showed budding and division of the bilayer at pH 5.5. A plausible mechanism of pH-sensitivity involves an acid-triggered conformational flip of 1, shortening of lipid tails, and membrane perturbations, which cause the content leakage. The methotrexate-loaded liposomes demonstrated much higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells than the free drug indicating that they can serve as viable drug delivery systems.
Quality-of-life outcomes after Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia.

OBJECT Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is an important part of the neurosurgical armamentarium for treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and is regarded as the first-line treatment in patients with TN who have serious medical comorbidities. In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of GKS on TN in patients with serious medical comorbidities. METHODS Between May 2004 and September 2007, 52 severely ill patients who also had TN with Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) facial pain scores of IV or V were entered into this study. The patients' medical records and imaging findings were reviewed by an anesthesiologist and neurosurgeons to determine whether GKS was a reasonable approach to palliate the patient's pain. All patients underwent GKS, in which a maximum dose of 80 Gy was targeted to the trigeminal nerve with or without plugging to keep the dose received by the brainstem at less than 16 Gy. After treatment, every patient had clinical follow-up every 1-3 months and filled out questionnaires designed to assess BNI facial pain and numbness scores, visual analog scale scores, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores every 3 months until the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed to find favorable prognostic factors related to pain relief and changes in quality of life. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 71 years, and the male/female ratio was 30:22. The median follow-up period was 54 months (at least 2 years). All patients had a positive initial response to GKS, with BNI facial pain scores at least 1 point less than respective pre-GKS scores. Three patients (5.7%) obtained BNI facial pain Score I. Twenty-three patients (44.2%) experienced pain recurrence at a median follow-up of 33 months. One patient suffered from angina and required time in an intensive care unit; another patient had bleeding from a pin wound that required suturing. Alterations in BNI scores were highly correlated to visual analog scale scores (R(2) = 0.978). In both univariate and multivariate analyses, a decreased BNI facial pain score at different time points was significantly (p < 0.05) related to younger patient age, no previous treatment, evidence of vessel compression on MR imaging, time of first GKS ≤ 24 months, physical function (SF-36), role limitation due to a physical problem (SF-36), role limitation due to an emotional problem (SF-36), mental health (SF-36), social functioning (SF-36), bodily pain (SF-36), and general health (SF-36), but was not related to vitality (SF-36). Five patients (9.6%) experienced facial numbness at a mean of 13.2 ± 3.1 months after GKS (4 patients with BNI facial numbness Score II and 1 with BNI facial numbness Score III). Post-GKS MR imaging changes, including focal contrast enhancement or T2-weighted signal alterations, were identified in 3 patients (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS Gamma Knife surgery produced significant pain relief in severely ill patients who had TN without causing appreciable morbidity. The effect of reduced pain significantly paralleled an improvement in SF-36 quality-of-life indices.