Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRAK App Suite: A Web-Based Intervention for Delivering Standard Care for the Rehabilitation of Knee Conditions

Background Standard care for the rehabilitation of knee conditions involves exercise programs and information provision. Current methods of rehabilitation delivery struggle to keep up with large volumes of patients and the length of treatment required to maximize the recovery. Therefore, the development of novel interventions to support self-management is strongly recommended. Such interventions need to include information provision, goal setting, monitoring, feedback, and support groups, but the most effective methods of their delivery are poorly understood. The Internet provides a medium for intervention delivery with considerable potential for meeting these needs. Objective The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a Web-based app and to conduct a preliminary review of its practicability as part of a complex medical intervention in the rehabilitation of knee disorders. This paper describes the development, implementation, and usability of such an app. Methods An interdisciplinary team of health care professionals and researchers, computer scientists, and app developers developed the TRAK app suite. The key functionality of the app includes information provision, a three-step exercise program based on a standard care for the rehabilitation of knee conditions, self-monitoring with visual feedback, and a virtual support group. There were two types of stakeholders (patients and physiotherapists) that were recruited for the usability study. The usability questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative information on computer and Internet usage, task completion, and subjective user preferences. Results A total of 16 patients and 15 physiotherapists participated in the usability study. Based on the System Usability Scale, the TRAK app has higher perceived usability than 70% of systems. Both patients and physiotherapists agreed that the given Web-based approach would facilitate communication, provide information, help recall information, improve understanding, enable exercise progression, and support self-management in general. The Web app was found to be easy to use and user satisfaction was very high. The TRAK app suite can be accessed at http://apps.facebook. com/kneetrak/. Conclusions The usability study suggests that a Web-based intervention is feasible and acceptable in supporting self-management of knee conditions.
The Disambiguation of Nominalisations

This paper addresses the interpretation of nominalisations, a particular class of compound nouns whose head noun is derived from a verb and whose modifier is interpreted as an argument of this verb. Any attempt to automatically interpret nominalisations needs to take into account: (a) the selectional constraints imposed by the nominalised compound head, (b) the fact that the relation of the modifier and the head noun can be ambiguous, and (c) the fact that these constraints can be easily overridden by contextual or pragmatic factors. The interpretation of nominalisations poses a further challenge for probabilistic approaches since the argument relations between a head and its modifier are not readily available in the corpus. Even an approximation which maps the compound head to its underlying verb provides insufficient evidence. We present an approach which treats the interpretation task as a disambiguation problem and show how we can “recreate” the missing distributional evidence by exploiting partial parsing, smoothing techniques, and contextual information. We combine these distinct information sources using Ripper, a system that learns sets of rules from data, and achieve an accuracy of 86:1% (over a baseline of 61:5%) on the British National Corpus.
Exposure to war crimes and implications for peace building in northern Uganda.

CONTEXT Since the late 1980s, the Lord's Resistance Army has waged war against the Ugandan People's Democratic Army and the people of northern Uganda. Ending the conflict and achieving peace have proven to be challenges. In this context, it is important to examine population-based data on exposure to war crimes to understand how survivors perceive mechanisms aimed at achieving a lasting peace. OBJECTIVES To assess the level of exposure to war-related violence and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in northern Uganda and to determine how these variables are associated with respondents' views about peace. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multistage, stratified, random cluster survey of 2585 adults aged 18 years or older conducted in villages and camps for internally displaced persons in 4 districts of northern Uganda in April and May 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates and patterns of exposure to trauma; symptom criteria for PTSD, assessed via the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version with a total severity score of 44; symptoms of depression, assessed via the Johns Hopkins Depression Symptom Checklist with a cutoff of 42; and opinions and attitudes about peace. RESULTS Among the respondents, 1774 of 2389 (74.3%) met PTSD symptom criteria and 1151 of 2585 (44.5%) met depression symptom criteria. Four patterns of exposure to trauma were distinguished: those with low exposure (group 1; 21.4%), witnesses to war-related violence (group 2; 17.8%), those threatened with death and/or physically injured (group 3; 16.4%), and those abducted (group 4; 44.3%). Respondents in groups 3 and 4, who experienced the most traumatic exposures, were more likely to have PTSD symptoms compared with group 1 (group 3 vs group 1: odds ratio [OR], 7.04 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.02-9.87]; group 4 vs group 1: OR, 6.07 [95% CI, 4.77-7.71]). Groups 3 and 4 were also more likely to meet depression symptom criteria (group 3 vs group 1: OR, 5.76 [95% CI, 4.34-7.65]; group 4 vs group 1: OR, 4.00 [95% CI, 3.16-5.06]). Respondents who met the PTSD symptom criteria were more likely to identify violence as a means to achieve peace (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05-1.65). Respondents who met the depression symptom criteria were less likely to identify nonviolence as a means to achieve peace (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Our study found high prevalence rates for symptoms of PTSD and depression in a conflict zone. Respondents reporting symptoms of PTSD and depression were more likely to favor violent over nonviolent means to end the conflict.
The association between muscle EMG and perfusion in knee extensor muscles

The relationships between electromyographic (EMG) activity and force as well as muscle blood flow and work have been well established. However, the association between muscle blood flow and EMG activity remains unsolved. Thus, to test the hypothesis that muscle EMG activity relates to muscle perfusion in different compartments of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle, 12 healthy male subjects were studied. During two very submaximal exercise bouts, at different exercise intensities, oxygen labelled radiowater and positron emission tomography were used to measure muscle perfusion. In addition, produced force of knee extensors and muscle EMG activity in the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded during both exercise bouts. Although the exercise intensity and average force production was higher during the second exercise bout (38 ± 15 versus 51 ± 17 N; P = 0·007), the mean EMG activity was lower (RF; P<0·001) or unchanged (VL; P = 0·722 and VM; P = 0·640). During the second exercise period, perfusion also remained unchanged in the entire QF muscle (P = 0·223) and in its separate muscles (VL, P = 0·703; VM, P = 0·141; RF, P = 0·113) in a group level. However, the individual changes in muscle perfusion were tightly related to changes in muscle EMG activity in VL (r = 0·84; P = 0·002) and VM (r = 0·68; P = 0·015) but poorly in the RF muscle (r = 0·40; P = 0·257). In conclusion, the different associations between muscle perfusion and EMG activity in different QF muscles suggests specific functional role of the vasti muscles and the RF muscle.
Molecular organization of CA 1 interneuron 1 classes 2 3

13 GABAergic interneurons are key regulators of hippocampal circuits, but our understanding of the diversity 14 and classification of these cells remains controversial. Here we analyze the organization of interneurons 15 in the CA1 area, using the combinatorial patterns of gene expression revealed by single-cell mRNA 16 sequencing (scRNA-seq). This analysis reveals a 5-level hierarchy of cell classes. Most of the predicted 17 classes correspond closely to known interneuron types, allowing us to predict a large number of novel 18 molecular markers of these classes. In addition we identified a major new interneuron population 19 localized at the border of strata radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare that we term “R2C2 cells” after their 20 characteristic combinatorial expression of Rgs12, Reln, Cxcl14, and Cpne5. Several predictions of this 21 classification scheme were verified using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, providing 22 further confidence in the gene expression patterns and novel classes predicted by the single cell data. 23
Cadherin expression pattern in melanocytic tumors more likely depends on the melanocyte environment than on tumor cell progression

Background: Adhesion molecules have been assigned an important role in melanocytic tumor progression. By the loss of E‐cadherin, melanocytes might escape the control of neighbouring keratinocytes. Although in vitro data support this hypothesis, there are yet no conclusive immunohistochemical results on cadherin expression in melanocytic tumors.
Short-term Motor Training, but Not Observational Training, Alters Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Action Processing in Infancy

The role of motor experience in the processing of perceived actions is hotly debated on both behavioral (e.g., action understanding) and neural (e.g., activation of the motor system) levels of interpretation. Whereas some researchers focus on the role of motor experience in the understanding of and motor activity associated with perceived actions, others emphasize the role of visual experience with the perceived actions. The question of whether prior firsthand motor experience is critical to motor system activation during perception of actions performed by others is best addressed through studies with infants who have a limited repertoire of motor actions. In this way, infants can receive motor or visual training with novel actions that are not mere recombinations of previously acquired actions. In this study, 10-month-old infants received active training with a motorically unfamiliar action that resulted in a distinct sound effect. They received observational experience with a second, similarly unfamiliar action. Following training, we assessed infants' neural motor activity via EEG while they listened to the sounds associated with the actions relative to a novel sound. We found a greater decrease in mu power to sounds associated with the motorically learned action than to those associated with the observed action that the infants had never produced. This effect was directly related to individual differences in the degree of motor learning via motor training. These findings indicate a unique effect of active experience on neural correlates of action perception.
Exploring the Shaping of Markets through Controversies

Markets are sites of conflicting practices that raise controversies over their very organization. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, this article defines controversies as dispute processes during which actors make sense of a situation by confronting their interests, beliefs, values, and opinions with those of others, and, in so doing, elaborate social facts. It develops propositions to study and narrate such controversies around three key methodological questions: case selection, data collection, and data analysis. The intention is to respect the complexity of controversies while at the same time structuring their analysis in a way that allows for intelligible accounts. The article therefore contributes to the study of modern agora and market shaping. It enables macromarketing scholars to go beyond dichotomies between human and non-human and between theory and practice, and to push forward our understanding of the links between markets, marketing, and society.
Moxifloxacin Population Pharmacokinetics and Model-Based Comparison of Efficacy between Moxifloxacin and Ofloxacin in African Patients

ABSTRACT Pharmacokinetic exposure and the MIC of fluoroquinolones are important determinants of their efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Population modeling was used to describe the steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in 241 tuberculosis (TB) patients in southern Africa. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to obtain the area under the unbound concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (fAUC0–24) after daily doses of 400 mg or 800 mg moxifloxacin and 800 mg ofloxacin. The MIC distributions of ofloxacin and moxifloxacin were determined for 197 drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For a specific MIC, the probability of target attainment (PTA) was determined for target fAUC0–24/MIC ratios of ≥53 and ≥100. The PTAs were combined with the MIC distributions to calculate the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Even with the less stringent target ratio of ≥53, moxifloxacin at 400 mg and ofloxacin at 800 mg achieved CFRs of only 84% and 58% for multidrug-resistant isolates with resistance to an injectable drug, while the 800-mg moxifloxacin dose achieved a CFR of 98%. Using a target ratio of ≥100 for multidrug-resistant strains (without resistance to injectable agents or fluoroquinolones), the CFR was 88% for moxifloxacin and only 43% for ofloxacin, and the higher dose of 800 mg moxifloxacin was needed to achieve a CFR target of >90%. Our results indicate that moxifloxacin is more efficacious than ofloxacin in the treatment of MDR-TB. Further studies should determine the optimal pharmacodynamic target for moxifloxacin in a multidrug regimen and clarify safety issues when it is administered at higher doses.
The shared signal hypothesis and neural responses to expressions and gaze in infants and adults

Event-related potentials were recorded from adults and 4-month-old infants while they watched pictures of faces that varied in emotional expression (happy and fearful) and in gaze direction (direct or averted). Results indicate that emotional expression is temporally independent of gaze direction processing at early stages of processing, and only become integrated at later latencies. Facial expressions affected the face-sensitive ERP components in both adults (N170) and infants (N290 and P400), while gaze direction and the interaction between facial expression and gaze affected the posterior channels in adults and the frontocentral channels in infants. Specifically, in adults, this interaction reflected a greater responsiveness to fearful expressions with averted gaze (avoidance-oriented emotion), and to happy faces with direct gaze (approach-oriented emotions). In infants, a larger activation to a happy expression at the frontocentral negative component (Nc) was found, and planned comparisons showed that it was due to the direct gaze condition. Taken together, these results support the shared signal hypothesis in adults, but only to a lesser extent in infants, suggesting that experience could play an important role.
The characteristics of SSTI between practical MMC-based VSC-HVDC and an adjacent turbogenerator

With the development of voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC), the potential risk of subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) with VSC-HVDC have been studied in previous work. Contradictory results have been reported by different researchers as to the hazard of SSTI between VSC-HVDC and turbine generators. Unlike previous studies, wherein the oversimplified model of VSC is applied, the detailed model of a practical modular multilevel converter (MMC) based VSC-HVDC is adopted to analyze the characteristics of SSTI in this paper. Moreover, a new approach named excitation signal injection test is proposed to identify some important factors that influence the damping of torsional modes, such as the system operating condition and control strategies of converters. The differences between the results obtained with detailed and equivalent models of MMC are also examined.
An Ontological Analysis of the Role of Culture within Green IT

This paper explores the relationship between organizational culture, ontologies and the success of green IT initiatives. It investigates the impact of organizational culture on the degree of adoption of Green IT initiatives and on their success. The nature of culture within IT is explored and the effect of culture on the sustainable use of IT is analyzed. The paper presents ontological dimensions from a philosophical perspective by outlining the origins of ontologies. The ontological analysis is also investigated from a computing perspective with respect to semantic web concepts. The relationship between Culture and Green ICT ontologies is explored. It is argued that green IT systems should be designed with an ontology that incorporates cultural issues. The final section of the paper presents concluding remarks and identifies areas of future work.
Preliminary version – please do not quote ! Comments are welcome ! “ Great Moderation ” at the Firm-Level ? Unconditional vs . Conditional Volatility

Aggregated output has become less volatile over the past decades in industrialized countries. Whether this ‘Great Moderation’ can be found in firm-level data as well remains disputed. In this paper, we study the evolution of firm-level volatility using a balanced panel dataset on German firms that covers 35 years (1971-2005) and 1,700 firms per year. In contrast to earlier work using firm-level data, we use the multifactor residual model proposed by Pesaran (2006) to isolate the idiosyncratic component of firms’ sales growth from macroeconomic developments. Our paper has three main findings. First, time trends in unconditional firm-level and aggregated volatility in Germany are quite similar. There has been a long-run downward trend, which has been interrupted by the unification period. Second, the conditional, idiosyncratic volatility of firms’ sales does not exhibit a downward trend. In anything, idiosyncratic volatility has been on a very slow trend rise. Third, we find evidence for a positive link between growth and volatility at the firm level.
Forecasting stock prices using Genetic Programming and Chance Discovery

In recent years the computers have shown to be a powerful tool in financial forecasting. Many machine learning techniques have been utilized to predict movements in financial markets. Machine learning classifiers involve extending the past experiences into the future. However the rareness of some events makes difficult to create a model that detect them. For example bubbles burst and crashes are rare cases, however their detection is crucial since they have a significant impact on the investment. One of the main problems for any machine learning classifier is to deal with unbalanced classes. Specifically Genetic Programming has limitation to deal with unbalanced environments. In a previous work we described the Repository Method, it is a technique that analyses decision trees produced by Genetic Programming to discover classification rules. The aim of that work was to forecast future opportunities in financial stock markets on situations where positive instances are rare. The objective is to extract and collect different rules that classify the positive cases. It lets model the rare instances in different ways, increasing the possibility of identifying similar cases in the future. The objective of the present work is to find out the factors that work in favour of Repository Method, for that purpose a series of experiments was performed.
Near-Unity Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Organic Molecules of Varying Structure

Atmospheric aerosol particles have a significant effect on global climate, air quality, and consequently human health. Condensation of organic vapors is a key process in the growth of nanometer-sized particles to climate relevant sizes. This growth is very sensitive to the mass accommodation coefficient α, a quantity describing the vapor uptake ability of the particles, but knowledge on α of atmospheric organics is lacking. In this work, we have determined α for four organic molecules with diverse structural properties: adipic acid, succinic acid, naphthalene, and nonane. The coefficients are studied using molecular dynamics simulations, complemented with expansion chamber measurements. Our results are consistent with α = 1 (indicating nearly perfect accommodation), regardless of the molecular structural properties, the phase state of the bulk condensed phase, or surface curvature. The results highlight the need for experimental techniques capable of resolving the internal structure of nanoparticles to better constrain the accommodation of atmospheric organics.
Psychology and Religion

Differences of understanding in science and in religion can be explored via the distinction between paradigmatic and narrative modes of explanation. Although science is inclusive of the para-digmatic, I propose that in explaining the behavior of complex adaptive systems, and in the human sciences in particular, narratives may well constitute the best scientific explanations. Causal relationships may be embedded within, and expressions of higher-order constraints provided by, complex system dynamics, best understood via the temporal organization of intentionalities that constitute narrative. Complex adaptive systems, out of which intentions emerge, have behavioral trajectories that are in principle unique, contingent, and nondeterministic even in stable states and unpredictable across phase transitions. Given such unpredictability, the only explanation can be an interpretive story that retrospectively retraces the actual changes in dynamics. Without narrative, personality traits and human actions are incomprehensible. Such phenomena do not permit a reduction of purposive acts to nonpurposive elements or of reasons to the causes they constrain. Causality does not exhaust meaning. Given the role of narratives in human lives, religion and mythology provide larger stories within which individual stories make sense. Differences be-tween narrative and historical truth suggest how we can be constituted by what we imagine ourselves to be.
Probing biopolymers with the atomic force microscope: A review

This short review presents an overview of atomic force microscopy (AFM) of biopolymers and specific examples of some of the biopolymers that have been analyzed by AFM. These specific examples include extracellular polymeric substances on the surfaces of bacterial biofilms, condensed DNA, DNA constructs, and DNA-protein interactions. In addition, two examples are presented for AFM analyses of proteins: laminin flexing its arms in solution and neurofilaments entropically brushing away the space around themselves.