Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug sensitivity and drug resistance profiles of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.

AIM To study the effect of a number of chemotherapeutic drugs on five human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. The expressions of genes that have been proposed to influence the resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) were also determined. METHODS Five human CCA cell lines (KKU-100, KKU-M055, KKU-M156, KKU-M214 and KKU-OCA17) were treated with various chemotherapeutic drugs and growth inhibition was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Semi-quantitative levels of gene expression were determined by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of IC(50) values and the ratios of gene expression were analyzed by linear regression to predict their relationship. RESULTS Among five CCA cell lines, KKU-M055 was the most sensitive cell line towards all chemotherapeutic drugs investigated, particularly taxane derivatives with IC(50) values of 0.02-3 nmol/L, whereas KKU-100 was apparently the least sensitive cell line. When compared to other chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin and pirarubicin showed the lowest IC(50) values (<5 mumol/L) in all five CCA cell lines. Results from RT-PCR showed that TS, MRP1, MRP3 and GSTP1 were highly expressed in these five CCA cell lines while DPD and MRP2 were only moderately expressed. It should be noted that MDR1 expression was detected only in KKU-OCA17 cell lines. A strong correlation was only found between the level of MRP3 expression and the IC(50) values of etoposide, doxorubicin and pirarubicin (r = 0.86-0.98, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents is not associated with the histological type of CCA. Choosing of the appropriate chemotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of CCA requires knowledge of drug sensitivity. MRP3 was correlated with resistance of CCA cell lines to etoposide, doxorubicin and pirarubicin, whereas other chemotherapeutic drugs showed no association. The role of this multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP3, in chemotherapeutic resistance in CCA patients needs to be further investigated.
Serial dependency in neural point processes due to cumulative afterhyperpolarization

The effects of cumulative vs noncumulative afterhyperpolarization (AHP) are examined through simulations of a stochastic neural model (Smith and Goldberg, 1986). The afterhyperpolarization in the model is due to a timevarying potassium conductance. Cumulative effects result from summing the residual activity of the potassium conductance in the preceding interspike interval. The variablity in the model is due to random quantal transmitter release. The statistical properties of the steady state discharge patterns that are independent of the serial ordering of interspike intervals show only slight differences between the two cases. Sever~forder dependent statistical measures are used to show that a negative serial dependency results from cumulative AHP at moderate to high discharge rates. The discussion considers the robustness of the model and its relation to a generalized Poisson process description of spike trains. Possible applications of the results to neurons in the auditory and vestibular systems are also examined.
Negative Stereotypes Cause Christians to Underperform in and Disidentify With Science

Despite Christians being a religious majority in the United States, relatively few pursue higher education and careers in science. Our studies show that stereotypes about Christians being less competent in science than other groups are recognized by both Christians and non-Christians and are openly endorsed by non-Christians (Study 1). Our studies further demonstrate that when these stereotypes become salient, Christians are less interested in and identified with science (Study 2) and underperform on science-relevant tasks (Studies 3–5), compared to non-Christians. Even subtle contextual cues that bear more or less relevance to science are sufficient to compromise Christians’ scientific task performance, particularly among the highly religious (Study 5). When these stereotypes are explicitly removed, however, performance differences between Christians and non-Christians disappear. These results suggest that Christians’ awareness of the negative societal stereotypes about their group’s scientific competence may be partially responsible for the underperformance and underrepresentation of Christians in scientific fields.
Determination of in vivo velocity and endothelial shear stress patterns with phasic flow in human coronary arteries: a methodology to predict progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND Although the coronary arteries are equally exposed to systemic risk factors, coronary atherosclerosis is focal and eccentric, and each lesion evolves in an independent manner. Variations in shear stress elicit markedly different humoral, metabolic, and structural responses in endothelial cells. Areas of low shear stress promote atherosclerosis, whereas areas of high shear stress prevent atherosclerosis. Characterization of the shear stresses affecting coronary arteries in humans in vivo may permit prediction of progression of coronary disease, prediction of which plaques might become vulnerable to rupture, and prediction of sites of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS To determine endothelial shear stress, the 3-dimensional anatomy of a segment of the right coronary artery was determined immediately after directional atherectomy by use of a combination of intracoronary ultrasound and biplane coronary angiography. The geometry of the segment was represented in curvilinear coordinates and a computational fluid dynamics technique was used to investigate the detailed phasic velocity profile and shear stress distribution. The results were analyzed with several conventional indicators and one novel indicator of disturbed flow. RESULTS Our methodology identified areas of minor flow reversals, significant swirling, and large variations of local velocity and shear stress--temporally, axially, and cirumferentially--within the artery, even in the absence of significant luminal obstruction. CONCLUSIONS We have described a system that permits, for the first time, the in vivo determination of pulsatile local velocity patterns and endothelial shear stress in the human coronary arteries. The flow phenomena exhibit characteristics consistent with the focal nature of atherogenesis and restenosis.
Fluctuating asymmetry and immune function in a field cricket

Recently, fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of morphological traits has attracted great attention as a short-cut measure of individual quality. Whereas there is some evidence that FA of sexual ornaments is negatively associated with immune function, studies concerning FA and immune function in non-ornamental traits are absent. Here, we tested whether FA of three non-ornamental traits in hind limbs is related to male immune function in a population of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. As different measures of male immune function, we used encapsulation rate and lytic activity. We found that a composite measure of FA (cFA) was negatively related to encapsulation rate. However, lytic activity was not related to cFA, but there was a tendency that males with higher body mass had higher lytic activity than males with lower body mass. Our results suggest that FA in non-ornamental traits indicates male immunocompetence in G. bimaculatus.
Hamster‐to‐rat bone marrow xenotransplantation and humoral graft vs. host disease

Abstract: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) may induce tolerance across xenogeneic barriers. We have established a xenogeneic BMT model where hamster BM is transplanted into splenectomized LEW rat recipients resulting in high levels of engraftment. Unfortunately, graft vs. host disease (GVHD) with severe dermatitis developed in all rat recipients. We were successful in treating or preventing the dermatitis of this xenogeneic GVHD by the use of the T‐cell suppressant tacrolimus. However, this compound did not prevent the development of a fatal liver injury in the rat recipients. This study was designed to elucidate the pathogenesis of this liver injury appearing in T‐cell suppressed rat recipients of hamster BM.
A psychophysical study of fixation behavior in a computer game

Prediction of gaze behavior in gaming environments can be a tremendously useful asset to game designers, enabling them to improve gameplay, selectively increase visual fidelity, and optimize the distribution of computing resources. The use of saliency maps is currently being advocated as the method of choice for predicting visual attention, crucially under the assumption that no specific task is present. This is achieved by analyzing images for low-level features such as motion, contrast, luminance, etc. However, the majority of computer games are designed to be easily understood and pose a task readily apparent to most players. Our psychophysical experiment shows that in a task-oriented context such as gaming, the predictive power of saliency maps at design time can be weak. Thus, we argue that a more involved protocol utilizing eye tracking, as part of the computer game design cycle, can be sufficiently robust to succeed in predicting fixation behavior of players.
Structure and Function of the Bi-Directional Bacterial Flagellar Motor

The bacterial flagellum is a locomotive organelle that propels the bacterial cell body in liquid environments. The flagellum is a supramolecular complex composed of about 30 different proteins and consists of at least three parts: a rotary motor, a universal joint, and a helical filament. The flagellar motor of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica is powered by an inward-directed electrochemical potential difference of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane. The flagellar motor consists of a rotor made of FliF, FliG, FliM and FliN and a dozen stators consisting of MotA and MotB. FliG, FliM and FliN also act as a molecular switch, enabling the motor to spin in both counterclockwise and clockwise directions. Each stator is anchored to the peptidoglycan layer through the C-terminal periplasmic domain of MotB and acts as a proton channel to couple the proton flow through the channel with torque generation. Highly conserved charged residues at the rotor–stator interface are required not only for torque generation but also for stator assembly around the rotor. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the structure and function of the proton-driven bacterial flagellar motor.
Atmospheric Tomography with the ATA

High resolution imaging with arrays at radio wavelengths suffers from blurring of the images due to fluctuations in the delays of signals arriving at the different antennas after passing through the air. The effect is more familiar in the visual, where stars viewed through even a large astronomical telescope appear as fuzzy spots never much smaller than about one arc second. Analogous effects in the radio become increasingly problematic as the frequency increases. At a wavelength of one millimeter, for example, the average point source image size is about 1/2 arc second. Although it is somewhat smaller at longer wavelengths, it is still limited by atmospheric effects. Very high resolution can be achieved in the radio, but only when there is a bright point source in the field which can serve as a beacon to sharpen the image. This technique is known as “selfcalibration in the radio and is also the basis for the “adaptiveoptics improvement of visual images. Sharp resolution of faint objects remains a problem both for passive radio imaging and for radar imaging. Radar imaging at the short millimeter wavelengths will be an important development for the future. (Millimeter wave Radar systems are already coming into use on cars.) The effectiveness of millimeter radar systems to produce accurate, high resolution images depends on the development of techniques for circumventing the blurring effects of the atmosphere.
Falling Slugs

The fall of viscous slugs in vertical capillary tubes is described. Deviations toward Poiseuille law are analyzed by taking into account the dissipation in menisci, together with the existence of a film behind the slug. Slugs are found to fall slower in dry tubes than in prewetted ones, which is quantitatively discussed in term of viscous friction. A criterion for the minimal length of the slug obeying the Poiseuille solution is finally derived. C © 2001 Academic Press
Calcineurin in Reactive Astrocytes Plays a Key Role in the Interplay between Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Signals

Maladaptive inflammation is a major suspect in progressive neurodegeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are difficult to envisage in part because reactive glial cells at lesion sites secrete both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. We now report that astrocytes modulate neuronal resilience to inflammatory insults through the phosphatase calcineurin. In quiescent astrocytes, inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) recruits calcineurin to stimulate a canonical inflammatory pathway involving the transcription factors nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). However, in reactive astrocytes, local anti-inflammatory mediators such as insulin-like growth factor I also recruit calcineurin but, in this case, to inhibit NFκB/NFAT. Proof of concept experiments in vitro showed that expression of constitutively active calcineurin in astrocytes abrogated the inflammatory response after TNF-α or endotoxins and markedly enhanced neuronal survival. Furthermore, regulated expression of constitutively active calcineurin in astrocytes markedly reduced inflammatory injury in transgenic mice, in a calcineurin-dependent manner. These results suggest that calcineurin forms part of a molecular pathway whereby reactive astrocytes determine the outcome of the neuroinflammatory process by directing it toward either its resolution or its progression.
The efficacy and safety of novel oral anticoagulants for the preventive treatment in atrial fibrillation patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Novel oral anticoagulants, including direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct factor IIa inhibitors, have been used to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for a decade. In this study, the efficacy and safety of the novel oral anticoagulants were assessed in AF patients. Methods: No language restrictions were applied. Study selection and data extraction were carried out by searching PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, the BIOSIS, the Web of Science, Clinical Trials Registers, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the China Academic Library and Information System. Each database was searched from its inception date to June 2013. Using odds ratio (OR) as an indicator, we systematically evaluated the primary efficacy endpoints and safety endpoints, as well as 10 secondary endpoints. Result: Compared to the control drugs, the novel oral anticoagulants showed an OR decreased by 26% (OR: 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.88) for stroke or systemic embolism, decreased by 24% (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.90) for major bleeding, decreased by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.95) for death from any cause, decreased by 27% for disabling or fatal stroke (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.97), decreased by 31% (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60–0.8) for fatal bleeding, and decreased by 8% (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.95) for serious adverse events. However, there was no significant difference in acute myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, major bleeding or clinically relevant non-major, all bleeding events, all adverse events and liver function disorder, between the novel oral anticoagulants and control drugs (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to the control drugs, the novel oral anticoagulants showed higher efficiency and safety in patients with AF, as evidenced by their superior performance not only in reducing the risk of stroke or systemic embolism with a lower risk of major bleeding but also in decreasing the incidence of death from any cause, disabling or fatal stroke, serious adverse events and fatal bleeding.
Peran Dunia Usaha Terhadap Pendidikan Praktek Kerja Industri

Latar belakang masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah persaingan global di bidang usaha dan industri saat ini menuntut peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia adalah melalui pendidikan. Dengan pendidikan formal siswa akan memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan, ketrampilan dan pengalaman yang dapat digunakan untuk bekal dalam bekerja. Salah satu pendidikan formal yang memberikan bekal pengetahuan dan ketrampilan adalah Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Masalah yang ingin diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Adakah peran dunia usaha terhadap pendidikan praktek kerja industry di SMK Pelayaran Tayu ? (2) Bagaimanakah pendidikan praktek kerja industri di SMK Pelayaran Tayu ? (3) Dunia usaha apa saja yang mempunyai peranan di pendidikan praktek kerja industry di SMk Pelayaran Tayu ? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Untuk mengetahui peran dunia usaha/industri terhadap pelaksanaan pendidikan praktek kerja industri (PI). Menurut pandangan siswa yang telah melaksanakan praktek kerja industri di SMK Pelayaran Tayu (2) Ada atau tidaknya peran antara dunia usaha terhadap pelaksanaan prakerin di SMK Pelayaran Tayu. (3) Jenis dunia usaha yang berperan di prakerin SMK Pelayaran Tayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peran dunia usaha terhadap pendidikan praktek kerja industri ada tiga sub variable, yaitu sebagai penyedia tempat praktek bagi siswa memiliki skor 842 dari 10 item, sebagai penyedia dana untuk penyelenggaraan praktek kerja industry memiliki skor 705 dari 10 item, dan merancang program pendidikan dan implementasi program sampai pada evaluasi hasil belajar siswa di pendidikan kejuruan memiliki skor total 883 dari 10 item. Sedangkan dunia usaha yang mempunyai peran dalam pendidikan praktek kerja industri di SMK Pelayaran Tayu adalah usaha perkapalan atau pelayaran. Saran yang diberikan untuk siswa atau Taruna pelaksanaan praktek kerja industri : (1) Hendaknya para taruna dapat melaksanakan pendidikan praktek kerja industri : (1) Hendaknya para taruna dapat melaksanakan pendidikan praktek kerja industri dalam hal ini biasa disebut dengan turun berlayar dengan sebaik-baiknya sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di kapal dan tidak mudah terpengaruh dengan perbuatan-perbuatan negative yang dapat menimbulkan citra buruk bagi awak kapal. (2) Mampu mengamalkan semua yang didapat dari praktek industri ke dunia pekerjaan yang sesunggunya. Sedangkan saran bagi sekolah sebagai penyelenggara praktek kerja industri adalah : Sekolah harus bisa selektif dalam mencari partner praktek kerja industri, sehingga tidak lagi muncul citra negative dari masyarakat mengenai taruna pelayaran. Kata Kunci : Dunia usaha, Praktek kerja industri
Are Individual Pupil Differences the Primary Pervasive Influences on Teacher Expectations

A symbolic interactionist framework was adopted for the four case studies a Year 3 class (children aged 7-8 years) and a Year 6 class (children aged 10-11 years) in each of the two schools. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with teachers and pupils, systematic observation, field notes and pupil diaries. The names of the schools have been replaced with pseudonyms for the purposes of reporting thus: Redhill Primary School was in a socially disadvantaged area of the city; and, St. Stephen’s Primary School was located in an affluent area of the same city in the South West. By replicating the study in dual settings, the study aimed to explore the foci of the research on a comparative basis, rather than to establish homogeneity of the data or the similarity and equivalence of settings and contexts. The basic advantage of the comparisons was that they highlighted processes, patterns and meanings based on contextual and grounded information.
Multiple origins of a major novelty: moveable abdominal lobes in male sepsid flies (Diptera: epsidae), and the question of developmental constraints

SUMMARY Contrary to the impression given by their extreme scarcity among extant species of flies, moveable processes on the abdomen are apparently of relatively simple developmental origin, and they have evolved multiple times in males of the small family Sepsidae. They are used to stimulate the female during copulation in two groups, where they are probably independently derived. Because female cuing of reproductive decisions on particular types of stimuli will tend to favor male abilities to elaborate such stimuli, sexual selection by female choice may sometimes result in sustained selection for certain types of innovations in males. The lack of moveable appendages in most dipterans may be due not to developmental constraints, but to lack of selective advantages.
Modified constraint‐induced movement therapy for young children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a pilot study

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of modified constraint‐induced movement therapy in young children with hemiplegia. It was a single‐case experimental design using children as their own controls. Assessment was at entry to the study and subsequently at 4‐weekly intervals. A 4‐week baseline period with no hand treatment, controlling for maturation, was followed by a 4‐week treatment period and a second 4‐week period with no hand treatment to measure carry‐over. Treatment consisted of twice‐weekly 1‐hour sessions of structured activities with a therapist and a home programme for non‐treatment days. Only verbal instruction and gentle restraint of the unaffected arm were used to encourage use of the affected arm. Nine children (six males, three females; median age 31mo, age range 21 to 61mo) presenting with congenital spastic hemiplegia (five right side, four left side) were involved in the study. Changes in hand function were evaluated with the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Improvement was seen throughout the study with statistical significance, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, of 0.01 immediately after treatment. Results of this pilot study suggest that this modification of constraint‐induced movement therapy may be an effective way of treating young children with hemiplegia. Future work is planned to consolidate and develop these results.