Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry, geochronology, and petrogenesis of leucogranites in the Xiaogouli gold deposit in the West Qinling Orogen

Gold metallogenesis is closely related to orogeny. The Qinling–Dabie Orogen is the most important part of the Central China Orogen. The West Qinling Orogen was formed during the Indosinian period, the main period of amalgamation of the continent of China. The Xiaogouli gold deposit in the West Qinling Orogen has unique geological characteristics, with a unique albite–quartz‐vein ore type and mineralization correlate well with the granites. The granites have relatively low concentrations of Sr and Yb (Sr < 400 ppm and Yb < 2 ppm) but relatively high Al content, with average Na2O/K2O of 1.86, indicating that they are Na‐rich Himalayan type leucogranites. The minimum temperature of the initial magma was 804 °C; amphibolite‐facies hornfelsization occurred in the contact zone, and there was micrographic texture widely developed in the potassium feldspar, indicating an initial high‐temperature magma. The granites have low Mg# content (4.07–14.28) and are strongly enriched in light rare earth elements [(La/Yb)N = (101.57–355.49)], suggesting that they had experienced some fractional crystallization. The zircon SHRIMP U–Pb granite ages of 217.4 ± 1.5 Ma indicate that the granites were formed during the late stage of Indosinian magmatic activity in the area. The Xiaogouli leucogranites are believed to be products of partial melting of crust–mantle mixing rocks under the condition of high temperature, induced by asthenosphere upwelling during delamination and thinning of the lithosphere in the extensional environment in the late stage of orogenesis of the West Qinling Orogen. The magma formation depth was 30–50 km. Then, the magma experienced crystal differentiation, and the metallogenic materials and fluids were mainly from the crust–mantle magmas.
Zinc absorption and kinetics during pregnancy and lactation in Brazilian women.

BACKGROUND Adjustments in zinc absorption and endogenous excretion maintain zinc homeostasis in nonpregnant adults fed low-zinc diets. The effects on zinc homeostasis of a low zinc intake during pregnancy and lactation have not been described in a longitudinal study. OBJECTIVE We examined longitudinal changes in fractional zinc absorption (FZA) and zinc kinetics in 10 healthy Brazilian women who habitually consumed a marginal zinc diet ( approximately 9 mg Zn/d). DESIGN Zinc status was measured at 10-12 (early pregnancy; EP) and 34-36 (late pregnancy; LP) wk of pregnancy and at 7-8 wk after delivery (early lactation; EL). Zinc kinetics and FZA were studied by using stable isotopic tracers. RESULTS Zinc intake averaged 9 +/- 3 mg/d throughout the study. FZA increased from 29 +/- 6% at EP to 43 +/- 10% at LP and to 39 +/- 13% at EL (P < 0.05). FZA was inversely related to plasma zinc at EL (r = -0.73, P = 0.02) and LP (r = -0.72, P = 0.07). Plasma zinc mass was 23% greater at LP than at EP or EL (P < 0.05). The amount of zinc (mg/d) that fluxed between plasma and the most-rapidly-turning-over extravascular pool was 53% greater at LP than at EP or EL (P < 0.05). The zinc flux between plasma and the less-rapidly-turning-over zinc pool at EL was 27% greater than that at EP or LP, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS FZA increased significantly in women with marginal zinc intakes during pregnancy and lactation; the increase was higher in women with low plasma zinc. Plasma zinc was distributed into a different exchangeable pool at LP than at EL.
Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR‐tDNA fingerprinting to address the identification of Bacillus species

Abstract The suitability of tDNA-PCR fingerprinting to identify species of the genus Bacillus was tested on 75 strains. Strains belonging to the same species or the same phylogenetic cluster were correctly grouped. Among B. stearothermophilus strains, different pattern types were found. This could be due to the unclear taxonomic situation of these strains, rather than to a failure of the tDNA-PCR. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of the PCR products allowed species discrimination within the ` B. subtilis group', but not within the ` B. cereus group'. The tDNA-PCR, alone or coupled with SSCP analysis, is useful to address Bacillus species identification, particularly for those species which are not phylogenetically tightly clustered.
Approaches to adversarial drift

In this position paper, we argue that to be of practical interest, a machine-learning based security system must engage with the human operators beyond feature engineering and instance labeling to address the challenge of drift in adversarial environments. We propose that designers of such systems broaden the classification goal into an explanatory goal, which would deepen the interaction with system's operators. To provide guidance, we advocate for an approach based on maintaining one classifier for each class of unwanted activity to be filtered. We also emphasize the necessity for the system to be responsive to the operators constant curation of the training set. We show how this paradigm provides a property we call isolation and how it relates to classical causative attacks. In order to demonstrate the effects of drift on a binary classification task, we also report on two experiments using a previously unpublished malware data set where each instance is timestamped according to when it was seen.
Foreign Currency Loans and Loan Arrears of Households in Central and Eastern Europe

Given recent adverse developments, widespread foreign currency borrowing in CEECs poses a serious challenge for financial stability. Against this background, we use survey data to study the determinants of loan arrears of private households. Our data confirm a non-negligible impact of foreign currency loans on financial vulnerability. However, higher loan delinquency rates in depreciation countries can only partly be explained by foreign currency borrowing. Employing survey information about the reasons for households’ financial difficulties, we show that income shocks exert a stronger impact on loan delinquency rates than the direct effect which works through increased installments on foreign currency loans.
Development of Phytoremediation Module Based on Research Results

This study aims to develop and examine the validity of module development based on the research outcome on Phytoremediation. This phytoremediation material was one of the topics in the Biotechnology course studied by Biology Education students. The research method used research and development with the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. However, this research was conducted until the development stage. The data were the percentage of product validity from validation sheets and the responses obtained from validation results by material and media experts. Limited trials were subsequently conducted on students of Biology Education who had taken Biotechnology classes. The data analysis technique used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The validation results based on the material experts were 79.74% (very valid), while based on the learning experts, it was 97.50% (very valid). Then, the results of small group trials obtained a percentage of 90.70% (very valid). moduleModules development was very valid and feasible to be implemented. This module was expected to raise the students’ effectiveness in attending lectures because the source of teaching materials was more applicable.
Revealing the frictional transition in shear-thickening suspensions

Significance The sudden and severe increase in the viscosity of certain suspensions above an onset stress is one of the most spectacular phenomena observed in complex fluids. This shear thickening, which has major implications for industry, is a long-standing puzzle in soft-matter physics. Recently, a frictional transition was conjectured to cause this phenomenon. Using experimental concepts from granular physics, we provide direct evidence that such suspensions are frictionless under low confining pressure, which is key to understanding their shear-thickening behavior. Shear thickening in dense particulate suspensions was recently proposed to be driven by the activation of friction above an onset stress needed to overcome repulsive forces between particles. Testing this scenario represents a major challenge because classical rheological approaches do not provide access to the frictional properties of suspensions. Here we adopt a different strategy inspired by pressure-imposed configurations in granular flows that specifically gives access to this information. By investigating the quasi-static avalanche angle, compaction, and dilatancy effects in different nonbuoyant suspensions flowing under gravity, we demonstrate that particles in shear-thickening suspensions are frictionless under low confining pressure. Moreover, we show that tuning the range of the repulsive force below the particle roughness suppresses the frictionless state and also the shear-thickening behavior of the suspension. These results, which link microscopic contact physics to the suspension macroscopic rheology, provide direct evidence that the recent frictional transition scenario applies in real suspensions.
Exact inference in multi-label CRFs with higher order cliques

This paper addresses the problem of exactly inferring the maximum a posteriori solutions of discrete multi-label MRFs or CRFs with higher order cliques. We present a framework to transform special classes of multi-label higher order functions to submodular second order Boolean functions (referred to as Fs 2), which can be minimized exactly using graph cuts and we characterize those classes. The basic idea is to use two or more Boolean variables to encode the states of a single multi-label variable. There are many ways in which this can be done and much interesting research lies in finding ways which are optimal or minimal in some sense. We study the space of possible encodings and find the ones that can transform the most general class of functions to Fs 2. Our main contributions are two-fold. First, we extend the subclass of submodular energy functions that can be minimized exactly using graph cuts. Second, we show how higher order potentials can be used to improve single view 3D reconstruction results. We believe that our work on exact minimization of higher order energy functions will lead to similar improvements in solutions of other labelling problems.
Sistem Integrasi Padi-Sapi Potong di Lahan Sawah

Sistem integrasi padi-ternak merupakan salah satu upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani, melalui peningkatan produksi padi yang diintegrasikan secara sinergis dengan pemeliharaan ternak sapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan usahatani sapi yang diintegrasikan dengan tanaman padi berbasis inovasi teknologi terhadap pendapatan petani. Pola integrasinya adalah memanfaatkan jerami padi untuk pakan sapi dan kotoran sapi untuk pupuk tanaman. Paket teknologi yang diintroduksikan yaitu: budi daya padi anjuran, penggemukan sapi, pengolahan kotoran ternak untuk pupuk organik, dan jerami fermentasi untuk pakan. Materi yang digunakan yaitu sapi dan luasan padi sawah 5 ha. Petani dibedakan atas 2 kelompok yaitu 20 petani peserta pola integrasi dan 10 petani reguler (tradisional). Dari penelitian dihasilkan kenaikkan produksi menjadi 5,34 t/ha GKG, meningkat 16% dibandingkan pola petani tradisional, yang hanya 4,60 t/ha GKG. Penggunaan pupuk urea menurun menjadi 100 kg/ha (71%), pupuk SP36 menurun 50 kg/ha (50%) dan KCl menjadi 50 kg/ha (50%). Tambahan bobot hidup sapi rata-rata 0,89 kg/ekor/hari dan C/N ratio jerami yang dikomposkan 19%. Pendapatan usahatani integrasi padi per hektar dan 2 ekor sapi mencapai Rp 9.417. 907 dengan R/C ratio 1,61. Pupuk organik yang dihasilkan rata-rata 5 kg/ekor/hari serta jerami padi 13 t/ha/musim, C/N ratio pupuk organik 19%. Kontribusi tambahan penerimaan dari fine compost selama setahun sebesar 9,7% dari total pendapatan usahatani. Pendapatan dari usahatani padi (5 ha) dan sapi (20 ekor) dengan cara integrasi masing-masing sebesar Rp 24.867. 500 dan Rp 60.675. 333 per musim. Nilai R/C yang dihasilkan sistem integrasi sebesar 1,44 sedang dari petani tradisional 1,33. Sistem usahatani integrasi dengan skala padi seluas 5 ha dan sapi 20 ekor meningkatkan pendapatan sebesar 69% per musim, dibanding usahatani tradisional. Sistem usahatani integrasi-padi-ternak perlu dikembangkan pada usahatani skala kecil untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani.
The Impact of Projected Climate Change Scenarios on Nitrogen Yield at a Regional Scale for the Contiguous United States

Improved understanding of the potential regional impacts of projected climatic changes on nitrogen yield is needed to inform water resources management throughout the United States (U.S.). The objective of this research is to look broadly at watersheds in the contiguous U.S. to assess the potential regional impact of changes in precipitation (P) and air temperature (T) on nitrogen yield. The SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes model and downscaled P and T outputs from 14 general circulation models were used to explore impacts on nitrogen yield. Results of the analysis suggest that projected changes in P and T will decrease nitrogen yield for the majority of the contiguous U.S., including the watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico. Some regions, however, such as the Pacific Northwest and Northern California, are projected to face climatic conditions that, according to the model results, may increase nitrogen yield. Combining the projections of climate‐driven changes in nitrogen yield with projected changes in watershed nitrogen inputs could help water resource managers develop regionally specific, long‐term strategies to mitigate nitrogen pollution.
Illness understanding in adults with congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND Adult patients with congenital heart disease need information regarding their clinical diagnosis, medications and side effects, endocarditis prophylaxis, reproductive issues, employment, future surveillance, treatments, and possible reoperations. Accurate understanding of chronic illness in these patients is associated with less distress, less confusion, improved satisfaction with medical care, better compliance with treatment, and a better emotional status, all key factors for good health-related quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of knowledge that adult patients with congenital heart disease followed in our Center have about their heart condition. METHODS A questionnaire on knowledge about congenital heart disease was sent by mail to 200 adults affected by a cardiac congenital disease chosen randomly from all patients regularly followed in our department. RESULTS Patients had good knowledge about the treatment received, the importance of follow-up, the prognosis of their condition, and the possibility of taking part in physical activities. The patients receiving drug treatment were moderately knowledgeable about their treatment. The anatomy of the heart defect, factors contributing to the onset of endocarditis, the impact of smoking and alcohol, and the possible inheritance of the heart condition were poorly understood by the patients. Most of female patients knew that the oral contraceptive pill was the most appropriate method of birth control; most of them were aware that pregnancy would cause additional risks to their health. Multiple logistic analysis showed that four correct answers were related to the age of the patient. CONCLUSIONS Overall the results indicated that the educational efforts of all the staff (physicians and nurses) have given encouraging results, but there are still significant gaps in knowledge that need more educational work.
Consensus Skeleton for Non‐rigid Space‐time Registration

We introduce the notion of consensus skeletons for non‐rigid space‐time registration of a deforming shape. Instead of basing the registration on point features, which are local and sensitive to noise, we adopt the curve skeleton of the shape as a global and descriptive feature for the task. Our method uses no template and only assumes that the skeletal structure of the captured shape remains largely consistent over time. Such an assumption is generally weaker than those relying on large overlap of point features between successive frames, allowing for more sparse acquisition across time. Building our registration framework on top of the low‐dimensional skeleton‐time structure avoids heavy processing of dense point or volumetric data, while skeleton consensusization provides robust handling of incompatibilities between per‐frame skeletons. To register point clouds from all frames, we deform them by their skeletons, mirroring the skeleton registration process, to jump‐start a non‐rigid ICP. We present results for non‐rigid space‐time registration under sparse and noisy spatio‐temporal sampling, including cases where data was captured from only a single view.
Strategic sourcing in the textile and apparel industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate performance outcomes of strategic sourcing, specifically examining how strategic sourcing affects buyer‐supplier relationship, supplier evaluation, and sourcing performance from the buying firm's perspective in the context of the US textile and apparel industry.Design/methodology/approach – This study provides an empirical investigation of a theory‐based model integrating the resource‐based view and the relational view of strategic management. The model is tested using data from 180 US textile and apparel firms by structural equation modeling.Findings – The survey results indicate that strategic sourcing significantly impacts buyer‐supplier relationships, supplier evaluation, and sourcing performance of buying companies. The study also shows that supplier evaluation significantly influences buyer‐supplier relationship.Research limitations/implications – Given that the data are from a specific industry, the generalizability of current findings to other .
Errors and Linkage Disequilibrium Interact Multiplicatively When Computing Sample Sizes for Genetic Case-Control Association Studies

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may be used in case-control designs to test for association between a SNP marker and a disease. Such designs may assume that the genotype data are reported without error. Our goal is quantifying the effects that errors have on sample size for case-control studies with haplotypes formed by a disease locus and a SNP marker locus in the presence of linkage disequilibrium (LD). We consider the effects of a recently published error model on 2x3 chi-square analysis. We study the joint relation of LD and errors with sample size for three specific genetic disease models and two settings each of marker allele frequencies (total of 6 studies). Minimal sample size necessary for fixed asymptotic power is estimated as a 4th degree polynomial in the variables S (error) and D' (LD measure) via a backward step-wise regression. We find that increased error rates lower power. In all studies, we observe that LD and errors interact in a non-linear fashion. In particular, regression analyses shows that several higher order interaction terms have coefficients significantly different from 0 in each study, with fraction of variance explained greater than 0.9999. Finally, the increase in sample size necessary to maintain constant asymptotic power and level of significance as a function of S is smallest when D' = 1 (perfect LD). The increase grows monotonically as D' decreases to 0.5 for all studies.
A Method to Quantify Mouse Coat-Color Proportions

Coat-color proportions and patterns in mice are used as assays for many processes such as transgene expression, chimerism, and epigenetics. In many studies, coat-color readouts are estimated from subjective scoring of individual mice. Here we show a method by which mouse coat color is quantified as the proportion of coat shown in one or more digital images. We use the yellow-agouti mouse model of epigenetic variegation to demonstrate this method. We apply this method to live mice using a conventional digital camera for data collection. We use a raster graphics editing program to convert agouti regions of the coat to a standard, uniform, brown color and the yellow regions of the coat to a standard, uniform, yellow color. We use a second program to quantify the proportions of these standard colors. This method provides quantification that relates directly to the visual appearance of the live animal. It also provides an objective analysis with a traceable record, and it should allow for precise comparisons of mouse coats and mouse cohorts within and between studies.
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to Entrepreneurial Action: A Comparative Study Between the US and Korea

This study used a recently developed and refined measure of entrepreneurial self-effacacy (ESE) to examine how individuals' assessment of theory entrepreneurial skills is associated with the entrepreneurial intentions and actions from a cross-cultural perspective. It was hypothesized that ESE would have a positive relationship with entrepreneurial intention and action. It was further hypothesized that self-assessed ESE would be higher among individualists than collectivists due to their cultural orientation and social environment in which they are embedded. Two studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. The results strongly supported these hypotheses in both studies.
Air and sea surface temperature measurements using a 60-GHz microwave rotating radiometer

Data obtained from a single-channel scanning 5 mm radiometer on a research vessel were used for the study of sea surface temperature and lower-atmospheric temperature; profiles under neutral, weakly stable, and unstable conditions. Comparisons with in situ air and water temperature measurements, dropsonde temperature data, radiosonde data, and VV Ku-band side-looking radar images are presented. The technique based on 5-mm measurements determines the air-skin water (skin depth of 0.3 mm) temperature difference with an accuracy of the order of 0.1 K. Analysis of the experimental data suggests that the air-skin water temperature difference depends weakly on solar heating and wind speed V for 2.5
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ground Water Recharge in Central Australia: A Tracer Approach

Two environmental tracer methods are applied to the Ti‐Tree Basin in central Australia to shed light on the importance of recharge from floodouts of ephemeral rivers in this arid environment. Ground water carbon‐14 concentrations from boreholes are used to estimate the average recharge rate over the interval between where the ground water sample first entered the saturated zone and the bore. Environmental chloride concentrations in ground water samples provide estimates of the recharge rate at the exact point in the landscape where the sample entered the saturated zone. The results of the two tracer approaches indicate that recharge rates around one of the rivers and an extensive flood‐plain are generally higher than rates of diffuse recharge that occurs in areas of lower topographic relief. Ground water 2H/1H and 18O/16O compositions are all depleted in the heavier isotopes (δ2H = ‐67%0 to ‐50%0; 518O = ‐9.2%0 to ‐5.7%0) compared with the long‐term, amount‐weighted mean isotopic composition of rainfall in the area (δ2H = ‐33.8%0; δ18O = ‐6.3%0). This indicates that recharge throughout the basin occurs only after intense rainfall events of at least 150 to 200 mm/month. Finally, a recharge map is developed to highlight the spatial extent of the two recharge mechanisms. Floodout recharge to the freshest ground water (TDS <1000 mg/L) is ∼1.9 mm/year compared with a mean recharge rate of ∼0.2 mm/year to the remainder of the basin. These findings have important implications for management of the ground water resource.