Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Recycling of β2‐Adrenergic Receptors is Dependent on the Actin Cytoskeleton and Myosin Vb

For the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR), published evidence suggests that an intact actin cytoskeleton is required for the endocytosis of receptors and their proper sorting to the rapid recycling pathway. We have characterized the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of β2AR trafficking in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells using two distinct actin filament disrupting compounds, cytochalasin D and latrunculin B (LB). In cells pretreated with either drug, β2AR internalization into transferrin‐positive vesicles was not altered but both agents significantly decreased the rate at which β2ARs recycled to the cell surface. In LB‐treated cells, nonrecycled β2ARs were localized to early embryonic antigen 1‐positive endosomes and also accumulated in the recycling endosome (RE), but only a small fraction of receptors localized to LAMP‐positive late endosomes and lysosomes. Treatment with LB also markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of rab11 overexpression on receptor recycling. Dissociating receptors from actin by expression of the myosin Vb tail fragment resulted in missorting of β2ARs to the RE, while the expression of various CART fragments or the depletion of actinin‐4 had no detectable effect on β2AR sorting. These results indicate that the actin cytoskeleton is required for the efficient recycling of β2ARs, a process that likely is dependent on myosin Vb.
Industry and Sunshine

Australia’s Displaced Persons Program attracted over 180,000 migrant-labourers to Australia between 1947 and 1952. Official and popular memory remembers the scheme as evidence of Australia’s attraction as a country of salvation and new beginnings, and an escape route from the wartime devastation and postwar Communist perils of Europe. But competition with other resettlement nations with stronger profiles and a distinct lack of interest from a substantial number of Displaced Persons (DPs) meant the Australian government had to work hard to recruit the migrants it considered the ‘best types’. This article explores the massive Australian publicity drive in the DP camps of Occupied Europe, the evidence of which challenges the immigration narrative of Australian exclusivity and desirability. Further, I argue that the products used to sell Australia overseas as a new homeland articulated a specific postwar vision of the nation and at the same time, a specific narrative of postwar Communist Europe and its victims. This article has been peer-reviewed.
Penicillin treatment of asymptomatic central nervous system syphilis. I. Probability of progression to symptomatic neurosyphilis.

Foreword This study was initiated in 1943 through a committee of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and was supported by contracts through the Committee on Medical Research. From January, 1946, through June, 1950, support to the various cooperating clinics was available through grants-in-aid from the Research Grants and Fellowship Division of the National Institutes of Health. Support for the last years of the study came through the Division of Venereal Disease (now, Venereal Disease Program, Division of Special Health Services) of the Public Health Service. As is essential in any medical study of this magnitude, covering such a long period of time, the professional activities of numerous persons have been utilized. Diagnosis and treatment of the patient, medical care and observation, laboratory studies, follow-up activities, and, finally, the skilled abstracting of records have been the responsibilities of many different
Bistability and Oscillations in the Huang-Ferrell Model of MAPK Signaling

Physicochemical models of signaling pathways are characterized by high levels of structural and parametric uncertainty, reflecting both incomplete knowledge about signal transduction and the intrinsic variability of cellular processes. As a result, these models try to predict the dynamics of systems with tens or even hundreds of free parameters. At this level of uncertainty, model analysis should emphasize statistics of systems-level properties, rather than the detailed structure of solutions or boundaries separating different dynamic regimes. Based on the combination of random parameter search and continuation algorithms, we developed a methodology for the statistical analysis of mechanistic signaling models. In applying it to the well-studied MAPK cascade model, we discovered a large region of oscillations and explained their emergence from single-stage bistability. The surprising abundance of strongly nonlinear (oscillatory and bistable) input/output maps revealed by our analysis may be one of the reasons why the MAPK cascade in vivo is embedded in more complex regulatory structures. We argue that this type of analysis should accompany nonlinear multiparameter studies of stationary as well as transient features in network dynamics.
Negative energy, superluminosity, and holography

The holographic connection between large $N$ Super Yang Mills theory and gravity in anti deSitter space requires unfamiliar behavior of the SYM theory in the limit that the curvature of the AdS geometry becomes small. The paradoxical behavior includes superluminal oscillations and negative energy density. These effects typically occur in the SYM description of events which take place far from the boundary of AdS when the signal from the event arrives at the boundary. The paradoxes can be resolved by assuming a very rich collection of hidden degrees of freedom of the SYM theory which store information but give rise to no local energy density. These degrees of freedom, called precursors, are needed to make possible sudden apparently acausal energy momentum flows. Such behavior would be impossible in classical field theory as a consequence of the positivity of the energy density. However we show that these effects are not only allowed in quantum field theory but that we can model them in free quantum field theory.
Cleavage of model substrates by archaeal RNase P: role of protein cofactors in cleavage-site selection

RNase P is a catalytic ribonucleoprotein primarily involved in tRNA biogenesis. Archaeal RNase P comprises a catalytic RNase P RNA (RPR) and at least four protein cofactors (RPPs), which function as two binary complexes (POP5•RPP30 and RPP21• RPP29). Exploiting the ability to assemble a functional Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) RNase P in vitro, we examined the role of RPPs in influencing substrate recognition by the RPR. We first demonstrate that Pfu RPR, like its bacterial and eukaryal counterparts, cleaves model hairpin loop substrates albeit at rates 90- to 200-fold lower when compared with cleavage by bacterial RPR, highlighting the functionally comparable catalytic cores in bacterial and archaeal RPRs. By investigating cleavage-site selection exhibited by Pfu RPR (±RPPs) with various model substrates missing consensus-recognition elements, we determined substrate features whose recognition is facilitated by either POP5•RPP30 or RPP21•RPP29 (directly or indirectly via the RPR). Our results also revealed that Pfu RPR + RPP21•RPP29 displays substrate-recognition properties coinciding with those of the bacterial RPR-alone reaction rather than the Pfu RPR, and that this behaviour is attributable to structural differences in the substrate-specificity domains of bacterial and archaeal RPRs. Moreover, our data reveal a hierarchy in recognition elements that dictates cleavage-site selection by archaeal RNase P.
Fundamental research on dielectric breakdown between XLPE and silicon rubber interface in HV cable joint

The effect of interfacial pressure on the insulation breakdown of the interface between a piece of XLPE and a piece of silicon rubber was investigated. A pair of plate-needle electrodes was sandwiched at the interface. A uniformly distributed weight was put on the sample with the interfacial pressure from 20 kN/cm2 to 300 kN/cm2. The breakdown voltage and the discharge current were recorded; the light distribution at the interface were visually recorded and then analyzed. Results demonstrate that correlation exists between the discharge light and discharge current; breakdown voltage decreases with the decrease of interfacial pressure; both the distributions of light and current depend on the interfacial pressure. Therefore, sufficient interfacial pressure between cable and joint should be met to lengthen the cable joint's life expectation.
Body fat percentage and gender: associations with exercise energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and mechanical work efficiency.

Energy expenditure (EE) was measured at specific steady-state work rates to determine if body fat percentage or gender was associated with exercise EE, substrate oxidation, or work efficiency. Body fat percentage (leaner vs. fatter men, 9-15% vs. 20-25% fat; leaner vs. fatter women, 16-24% vs. 32-48% fat) was not related to work efficiency or submaximal EE. Fatness affected substrate oxidation in men but not in women. Compared to fatter men, leaner men had higher fat oxidation (6.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 1.4 +/- 2.0 mg.kg fat-free mass [FFM]-1.min-1; p < .01) and lower carbohydrate oxidation (26.6 +/- 4.2 vs. 39.3 +/- 5.0 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1; p < .01) at 60% VO2max. When men and women of similar fatness and relative aerobic capacity were compared, men had higher EE measured as kilojoules per minute but similar rates of EE and substrate oxidation per kilogram of FFM at 40-60% VO2max. It was concluded that body FFM, not fatness, is a determinant of exercise EE, whereas fatness is associated with differences in exercise substrate oxidation in men. Along with aerobic fitness, gender and fatness should be considered in future studies of exercise substrate oxidation.
Early lexical acquisition: rate, content, and the vocabulary spurt

ABSTRACT The transition from slow to rapid word-learning was examined in a longitudinal study of 18 children. Beginning at age 1;2, mothers kept a diary of children's words. Diary entries were discussed during phone calls to the home every 2½ weeks. A chronological record of nouns and other word classes was coded from the diary records. Thirteen children evidenced a prolonged period of up to three months during which rate of acquisition markedly increased. Almost threequarters of the words learned during this period were nouns. Five children evidenced more gradual word-learning, and acquired a balance of nouns and other word classes. These results suggest that the terms ‘vocabulary spurt’ and ‘naming explosion’ best describe children who focus their early linguistic efforts on a single strategy: learning names for things. Other children may attempt to encode a broad range of experience with a more varied lexicon, a strategy that results in more gradual lexical growth.
Impact of type of child growth intervention program on caregivers’ child feeding knowledge and practices: a comparative study in Ga West Municipality, Ghana

Abstract Community‐based growth promotion (CBGP) delivered by community volunteers aims at enhancing the traditional growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) program delivered by community health nurses through the promotion of optimum infant and young child feeding (IYCF) leading to improved child growth. This study compared IYCF knowledge and practices among caregiver–child pairs (0–24 months) receiving child welfare services from CBGP (n = 124) and GMP (n = 108) programs. Semistructured questionnaires were used to interview caregivers on IYCF knowledge/practices and validated food frequency questionnaire used to record infants’ food intakes. Group differences were determined using Chi‐square and independent samples t‐tests (P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]). Mean IYCF knowledge scores were similar (CBGP: 10.84 ± 1.69 vs. GMP: 10.23 ± 1.38, P = 0.062). However, more CBGP caregivers (17%) were highly knowledgeable than their GMP counterparts (5%) (P = 0.011). Early breastfeeding initiation (CBGP: 54% vs. GMP: 28%, P < 0.0001), exclusive breastfeeding (CBGP: 73% vs. GMP: 56%, P = 0.001), and timely complementary feeding (CBGP: 72% vs. GMP: 49%, P = 0.014) were reportedly higher among CBGP caregivers. Underweight was 11% (CBGP: 8% vs. GMP: 14%, P = 0.154). Mean dietary diversity scores (10 food groups) were similar (CBGP: 4.49 ± 1.89 vs. GMP: 3.87 ± 1.89, P = 0.057) but more CBGP caregivers (77%) achieved minimum dietary diversity than their GMP counterparts (61%) (P = 0.035). Few caregivers achieved minimum meal frequency (CBGP: 31% vs. GMP: 29%, P = 0.486) and minimum acceptable diet (CBGP: 23% vs. GMP: 21%, P = 0.464) indicators. Number of children under 5 years owned by caregiver (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.405; 95% CI: 1.13–78.53, P = 0.038), her educational level (AOR: 0.112; 95% CI: 0.02–0.90, P = 0.040), and IYCF knowledge (AOR: 0.140; 95% CI: 0.03–0.79, P = 0.026) significantly predicted optimum child feeding. Nutrition education on optimum complementary feeding and birth spacing strategies should intensify.
Identification and Characterization of CdgB, a Diguanylate Cyclase Involved in Developmental Processes in Streptomyces coelicolor

ABSTRACT We describe the identification and functional characterization of cdgB (SCO4281), a recently discovered target of BldD, a key regulator of morphological differentiation and antibiotic production in the mycelial bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. cdgB (cyclic dimeric GMP [c-di-GMP] B) encodes a GGDEF-containing protein that has diguanylate cyclase activity in vitro. Consistent with this enzymatic activity, heterologous expression of cdgB in Escherichia coli resulted in increased production of extracellular matrix in colonies and enhanced surface attachment of cells in standing liquid cultures. In Streptomyces coelicolor, both overexpression and deletion of cdgB inhibited aerial-mycelium formation, and overexpression also inhibited production of the antibiotic actinorhodin, implicating c-di-GMP in the regulation of developmental processes in Streptomyces.
Under What Conditions Does Computer Use Positively Impact Student Achievement? Supplemental vs. Essential Use

: 1:1 is happening in America’s K-12 schools - and happening fast. Laptops are out and mobile devices are in. But if we want to see the needle on student achievement move in the positive direction, we need to learn from the successes and failures of the early 1:1 laptop initiatives. In this paper we examine the 1:1 laptop initiatives from several perspectives; what we see is that when computing devices are used as supplemental tools to the curriculum, no increase is observed; however, when computing devices are used as essential tools, then and only then is the student achievement increased.
Examining the Factor Structure of a State Standards-Based Science Assessment for Students with Learning Disabilities. Research Report. ETS RR-11-38.

This study examined the scores on a state standards-based Grade 5 Science assessment obtained by a group of students without learning disabilities who took the standard form of the test and by three groups of students with learning disabilities: one taking the standard form of the test without accommodations or modifications, a second taking the test with accommodations, and a third group taking the test with modifications. The groups received accommodations or modifications that were specified in their 504 or IEP plans. Unlimited time was granted to complete the test. A series of item-level, then parcel-level, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses investigated whether or not the assessment demonstrated factorial invariance for the four groups of students studied. The results of this study help substantiate the validity of test scores for students with disabilities who take the test with the particular set of accommodations or modifications that were used in this study. In addition, the results lend support to modifying this state's policy in order to aggregate scores obtained by students without learning disabilities and by students with learning disabilities who have taken the assessment with accommodations or modifications required by their 504 plans or IEPs for AYP purposes.
Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioral norms that form organizational culture and drive performance

Purpose – This paper aims to describe how organizational culture is manifested in behavioral norms and expectations, focusing on 12 sets of behavioral norms associated with constructive, passive/defensive, and aggressive/defensive cultural styles.Design/methodology/approach – The organizational culture inventory, a normed and validated instrument designed to measure organizational culture in terms of behavioral norms and expectations, was used to test hypotheses regarding the impact of culture. Data are summarized from 60,900 respondents affiliated with various organizations that have used the instrument to assess their cultures. Also presented is a brief overview of a practitioner‐led assessment of four state government departments.Findings – The results of correlational analyses illustrate the positive impact of constructive cultural styles, and the negative impact of dysfunctional defensive styles, on both the individual‐ and organizational‐level performance drivers. The results clearly link the dysfun.
Self-Optimized OFDMA via Multiple Stackelberg Leader Equilibrium

The challenge of self-optimization for orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) interference channels is that users inherently compete harmfully and simultaneous water-filling (WF) would lead to a Pareto-inefficient equilibrium. To overcome this, we first introduce the role of environmental interference derivative in the WF optimization of the interactive OFDMA game and then study the environmental interference derivative properties of Stackelberg equilibrium (SE). Such properties provide important insights to devise free OFDMA games for achieving various SEs, realizable by simultaneous WF regulated by specifically chosen operational interference derivatives. We also present a definition of all-Stackelberg-leader equilibrium (ASE) where users are all foresighted to each other, albeit each with only local channel state information (CSI), and can thus most effectively reconcile their competition to maximize the user rates. We show that under certain environmental conditions, the free games are both unique and optimal. Simulation results reveal that our distributed ASE game achieves the performance very close to the near-optimal centralized iterative spectrum balancing (ISB) method in [5].
Studies on Long-Term Depression in Area CA1 of the Anesthetized and Freely Moving Rat

Homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) is reported to occur in field CA1 of hippocampal slices collected from immature brains. Because the effect has been postulated to be a memory storage mechanism, it is of interest to test for its presence in adult, awake animals. Unfortunately, not only has hippocampal LTD proved difficult to obtain reliably in vivo, but the few successful studies vary with respect to protocols and evidence that the depression is input-specific. The present study tested for input-specific (homosynaptic) LTD in field CA1 after application of various stimulation protocols to the Schaffer collateral/commissural projections in freely moving, adult rats. The results indicate that although low-frequency trains do induce decrements in synaptic transmission lasting for hours to several days, the success rate of eliciting input-specific LTD in the awake rat is very modest compared with the ease with which stable potentiation is obtained in the same synapses. Moreover, it is questionable that the effective protocols represent patterns of activity likely to occur during behavior. The stronger the afferent activation during low-frequency stimulation, the greater was the probability of eliciting LTD accompanied by persistent heterosynaptic depression. Clear evidence for the occurrence of LTD, irrespective of stimulation protocol and current intensity, could not be obtained in rats under barbiturate anesthesia. In all, the results do not accord with the suggestion that LTD occurs routinely in the hippocampus in vivo as part of memory encoding.
Warner-Bratzler and slice shear force measurements of 3 beef muscles in response to various aging periods after trenbolone acetate and estradiol implants and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation of finishing beef steers.

Our objectives were to determine the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and the release rate of trenbolone acetate and estradiol-17β on the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and slice shear force (SSF) of longissimus lumborum (LL) and the WBSF of gluteus medius (GM) and psoas major (PM) in response to various aging periods. British × Continental steers (n = 168) were assigned to treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial. The main effects of treatment were implant (no implant, Revalor-S, Revalor-XS, Intervet/Schering Plough Animal Health, De Soto, KS) and ZH (0 or 8.3 mg/kg of DM for 20 d). Slaughter group was included as a random effect to account for the variation in days on feed (153 or 174 d). Loins (n = 96) were fabricated to obtain strip loin, top sirloin butt, and tenderloin subprimals. Five 2.54-cm steaks were cut from each subprimal and assigned to 1 of 5 aging periods (7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 d postmortem). Feeding ZH increased (P ≤ 0.01) LL WBSF and SSF values at each aging period compared with controls. Implanting increased (P < 0.05) LL WBSF values at 14 and 21 d, but did not affect LL SSF values (P > 0.05). Only Revalor-S increased (P ≤ 0.05) WBSF values at 28 and 35 d compared with no implant or Revalor-XS. The percentage of LL steaks with a WBSF value below 4.6 kg did not differ (P > 0.05) between ZH supplementation or implant strategy at any aging period, and by d 28, more than 99% of LL steaks registered WBSF values below 4.6 kg. Feeding ZH increased (P < 0.05) GM WBSF values only on d 21. Implant had no effect (P > 0.05) on GM WBSF values. The percentage of GM steaks with a WBSF value below 4.6 kg did not differ (P > 0.05) between ZH supplementation or implant strategy at any aging period. Neither ZH nor implant strategy affected PM WBSF values (P > 0.05). All PM WBSF values were below 4.6 kg on d 7. The results of this study indicated that feeding ZH increased WBSF and SSF of LL steaks, regardless of the aging period; however, the percentage of steaks with WBSF below 4.6 kg did not differ because of ZH or implant. Implanting increased LL WBSF values, but not SSF values. These results showed that although differences existed between implanting, as well as ZH supplementation of British × Continental steers, 99% of LL steaks were classified as tender based on WBSF values by extending aging to 28 d postmortem. It should be noted that 21.2% of 7-d, 13.8% of 14-d, and 17.3% of 21-d ZH steaks had WBSF values greater than 4.6 kg, but 0% of nonsupplemented steaks were greater than 4.6 kg at these aging periods. However, because ZH and implants can increase retail yield of valuable subprimals, such as the tenderloin, considerable value could be captured through ZH supplementation with anabolic implants because shear force was not affected in PM steaks.