Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Low Level of Cervical Cancer Screening in Masaka Uganda Using the ASE Model: A Community-Based Survey

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women globally and its impact is mostly felt in developing countries like Uganda where its prevalence is higher and utilization of cancer screening services is low. This study aimed to identify factors associated with intention to screen for cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Masaka Uganda using the attitude, social influence and self efficacy (ASE) model. A descriptive community based survey was conducted among 416 women. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were computed using a generalized linear model with Poisson family and a log link using STATA 12. Only 7% (29/416) of our study respondents had ever screened for cervical cancer although a higher proportion (63%, 262/416) reported intention to screen for cervical cancer. The intention to screen for cervical cancer was higher among those who said they were at risk of developing cervical cancer (Adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 2.0, 95% CI 1.60–2.58), those who said they would refer other women for screening (Adjusted PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.06–1.88) and higher among those who were unafraid of being diagnosed with cervical cancer (Adjusted PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.36–1.93). Those who reported discussions on cervical cancer with health care providers (Adjusted PR 1.2, 95% CI 1.05–1.44), those living with a sexual partner (Adjusted PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.11–1.68), and those who were formally employed (Adjusted PR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03–1.35) more frequently reported intention to screen for cervical cancer. In conclusion, health education to increase risk perception, improve women's attitudes towards screening for cervical cancer and address the fears held by the women would increase intention to screen for cervical cancer. Interventions should also target increased discussions with health workers.
Judging the quality of our research: a self-assessment test

23Most researchers are interested in submitting their work to the very best possible peer-review journals, usually re -garded as those with high ‘impact factors’. But how does one know whether the quality of one’s work is adequate to compete for the limited page space available within these premium journals? Would a lower-ranking journal be more appropriate? How low? The costs of choosing the ‘wrong’ journal in this case can be substantial: the wasted time and effort – for both authors as well as referees and editors – that results from a series of rejections when an author re -peatedly ‘aims too high’ (Hochberg et al. 2009); and also the loss of deserved recognition when an author ‘aims too low’. It should be possible to minimize these costs to some extent by using a set of core criteria for self-assessment of research quality prior to submission for publication.With empirical research, the obvious place to begin is with the data, where quality is relatively easy to assess based on widely recognized conventional standards for effective methodology, effective statistical analyses, and effective presentation of the data for the reader (e.g. see Moller and Jennions 2002, Murtaugh 2002, 2007). Similarly, in theo -retical research, it is relatively intuitive to assess whether ideas, hypothesis development, and conceptual reasoning are at least plausible, and whether models are structurally logical and computationally correct. Although there is cer-tainly variation, even the lowest ranking journals tend not to publish poor quality data, implausible ideas, or falla-cious models – at least not journals that are likely to stay accredited. Hence, if the data are not good, the model is flawed, or the idea is absurd to the intended audience, there is obviously little point in seeking peer-review pub -lication.Additional criteria, therefore, are often more important in distinguishing relative quality among those studies that have at least some suspected potential for publication. It is these criteria that we address here. For empirical stud -ies, high quality data are of course essential, but not suf -ficient to define high quality
CENAS DE LEITURA DA CIÊNCIA HOJE DAS CRIANÇAS: MODOS DE USO E APROPRIAÇÃO DA REVISTA EM SALA DE AULA

Este trabalho trata dos modos de uso e apropriacao da revista Ciencia Hoje das Criancas em uma turma de series iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A perspectiva teorico-metodologica de analise inspira-se nas concepcoes de Bakhtin e Vygotsky acerca da interacao verbal e na “memoria pedagogica” sobre os acontecimentos de sala de aula. As analises apontam que o uso da revista Ciencia Hoje das Criancas em sala de aula faz circular a linguagem de divulgacao cientifica. Ressalta-se, a importância da revista nas aulas de Ciencias dado o nivel de envolvimento das criancas e da professora, a aprendizagem de conteudos de ciencias e a qualidade da participacao de todos durante a experiencia pedagogica com o periodico. Entretanto, essa postura nao e construida espontaneamente e esta relacionada, entre outras coisas, ao acesso a revista na sala de aula e a forma como as atividades de ensino foram conduzidas pela professora.
Alzheimer's-Type Amyloidosis in Transgenic Mice Impairs Survival of Newborn Neurons Derived from Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by severe neuronal loss in several brain regions important for learning and memory. Of the structures affected by AD, the hippocampus is unique in continuing to produce new neurons throughout life. Mounting evidence indicates that hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to the processing and storage of new information and that deficits in the production of new neurons may impair learning and memory. Here, we examine whether the overproduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in a mouse model for AD might be detrimental to newborn neurons in the hippocampus. We used transgenic mice overexpressing familial AD variants of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or presenilin-1 to test how the level (moderate or high) and the aggregation state (soluble or deposited) of Aβ impacts the proliferation and survival of new hippocampal neurons. Although proliferation and short-term survival of neural progenitors in the hippocampus was unaffected by APP/Aβ overproduction, survival of newborn cells 4 weeks later was dramatically diminished in transgenic mice with Alzheimer's-type amyloid pathology. Phenotypic analysis of the surviving population revealed a specific reduction in newborn neurons. Our data indicate that overproduction of Aβ and the consequent appearance of amyloid plaques cause an overall reduction in the number of adult-generated hippocampal neurons. Diminished capacity for hippocampal neuron replacement may contribute to the cognitive decline observed in these mice.
PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SEKOLAH: DARI PRAGMATIS KE IDEALIS

Abstract. Teaching of history has been conducted by bad images for along time. The images of history teaching are as recalling, not interesting, unpleasant, and boring lesson. Based on reasoning of urgent role of history lesson as nation character building for students, there is need to change this condition. Mind set of teacher as responsible actor has to be changed from pragmatic to idealist paradigm. History teaching process has to be shifted form the orientation of curriculum material finishing to the real goal attainment, that is the arising of historical consciousness for students.
Is the Hypercoagulable State in Atrial Fibrillation Mediated by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor?

Background and Purpose— Tissue factor (TF; an initiator of coagulation) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the hypercoagulable state associated with malignancy. We investigated their roles in chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), a condition also associated with increased risk of stroke and thromboembolism, as well as a prothrombotic or hypercoagulable state. Methods— We studied 25 patients with AF (20 men; mean±SD age, 62±13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 men; mean age, 60±9 years) and 35 patient control subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD; 27 men; mean age, 60±12 years). Plasma levels of TF, VEGF, and the VEGF receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results— VEGF, sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in AF and CAD patients compared with control subjects (P <0.001, P =0.022, and P =0.008, respectively). Among the AF patients, TF levels were significantly correlated with VEGF (Spearman’s r =0.65, P <0.001) and sFlt (r =0.54, P =0.006) levels. Only TF and VEGF levels were significantly correlated in CAD patients (r =0.39, P =0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. Conclusions— Patients with chronic AF have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this arrhythmia. The relationships between TF and VEGF and its receptor sFlt-1 in AF suggest a possible role for VEGF in the hypercoagulable state found in AF, as seen in malignancy and atherosclerosis.
Developing an Expert and Reflexive Approach to Problem-Solving: The Place of Emotional Knowledge and Skills

Nowadays it is widely accepted that mathematics and, especially, problemsolving tasks, are particularly concerned by the issue of emotions. Yet, educational interventions designed to improve students’ problem-solving competence and performance still mainly focus on cognitive and metacognitive knowledge and skills. The main purpose of this study was to design and assess the benefit of a training program that promotes the development of not only cognitive but also emotional knowledge and skills. This benefit was assessed using four variables, namely, problem-solving performance, problem-solving competence, academic emotions and emotion regulation strategies. 428 fifth and sixth graders took part in the study, split into four conditions: 1) a “cognition” condition which received an intervention on an eight-step problemsolving process; 2) an “emotion” condition in which emotional knowledge and skills were developed through various activities; 3) an “emotion and cognition” condition overlapping the two previous ones, and 4) a “control” condition. The findings showed that the “emotion and cognition” condition and the “cognition” condition had equivalent cognitive efficiency. However, only the former reduced negative emotions, aroused the emergence of positive ones, promoted the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies and discouraged the use of maladaptive ones. The practical implications for educational practices and possible avenues for further research are discussed.
Relatedness and synergies of kind and scale in the evolution of helping

Relatedness and synergy affect the selection pressure on cooperation and altruism. Although early work investigated the effect of these factors independently of each other, recent efforts have been aimed at exploring their interplay. Here, we contribute to this ongoing synthesis in two distinct but complementary ways. First, we integrate models of n-player matrix games into the direct fitness approach of inclusive fitness theory, hence providing a framework to consider synergistic social interactions between relatives in family and spatially structured populations. Second, we illustrate the usefulness of this framework by delineating three distinct types of helping traits (“whole-group”, “nonexpresser-only” and “expresser-only”), which are characterized by different synergies of kind (arising from differential fitness effects on individuals expressing or not expressing helping) and can be subjected to different synergies of scale (arising from economies or diseconomies of scale). We find that relatedness and synergies of kind and scale can interact to generate nontrivial evolutionary dynamics, such as cases of bistable coexistence featuring both a stable equilibrium with a positive level of helping and an unstable helping threshold. This broadens the qualitative effects of relatedness (or spatial structure) on the evolution of helping.
Some Feasibility Issues in Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints

This paper is concerned with some feasibility issues in mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs) where additional joint constraints are present that must be satisfied by the state and design variables of the problems. We introduce sufficient conditions that guarantee the feasibility of these MPECs. It turns out that these conditions also guarantee the feasibility of the quadratic programming (QP) subproblems arising from the penalty interior point algorithm (PIPA) and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for solving MPECs; thus the same conditions ensure that these algorithms are applicable for solving this class of jointly constrained MPECs.
Sex-Dependent Species Discrimination in Auditory Forebrain of Naturally Hybridizing Birds

Pairs of individuals breed together only if they recognize each other as the same species, but the process of recognizing conspecifics can depend on flexible criteria even when species-specific signals are innate and fixed. This study examines species recognition in naturally hybridizing sister species, California and Gambel’s quail (Callipepla californica and Callipepla gambelii), that have vocalizations which are not learned. Specifically, this study tests whether being raised in a vocalizing mixed-species cohort affects neural activity in the adult auditory forebrain in response to heterospecific and conspecific calls. After hatching, quail chicks were raised either with their own kind or with both species. Once reaching reproductive condition, each adult was played a recording that was one of three types: Gambel’s quail opposite-sex contact calls; California quail opposite-sex contact calls; or synthetic tones. Brains were collected following playback and assessed for neuronal activity by quantifying expression of the protein of the immediate early gene, ZENK, in two brain regions, the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and the caudomedial mesopallium (CMM). ZENK levels were greater in NCM of males than females, but female NCM cells responded differentially to conspecific compared to heterospecific calls. Namely, females had more immuno-positive NCM cells when they heard conspecific calls rather than heterospecific male calls. Early experience with heterospecific broodmates did not alter neural responses in the NCM or CMM to heterospecific vocalizations. This study suggests that the NCM plays a role in species discrimination but that rearing condition does not alter the response in these non-vocal-learning species.
1/16-BPS black holes and giant gravitons in the AdS5 × S5 Space

We explore 1/16-BPS objects of type IIB string theory in AdS5 ? S5. First, we consider supersymmetric AdS5 black holes, which should be 1/16-BPS and have a characteristic that not all physical charges are independent. We point out that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of these black holes admits a remarkably simple expression in terms of (dependent) physical charges, which suggests its microscopic origin via certain Cardy or Hardy-Ramanujan formula. We also note that there is an upper bound for the angular momenta given by the electric charges. Second, we construct a class of 1/16-BPS giant graviton solutions in AdS5 ? S5 and explore their properties. The solutions are given by the intersections of AdS5 ? S5 and complex 3 dimensional holomorphic hyperspaces in 1+5, the latter being the zero loci of three holomorphic functions which are homogeneous with suitable weights on coordinates. We investigate examples of giant gravitons, including their degenerations to tensionless strings.
New strategy for optimizing water application under trickle irrigation

The determination of water application parameters for creating an optimal soil moisture profile represents a complex nonlinear optimization problem which renders traditional optimization into a cumbersome procedure. For this reason, an alternative methodology is proposed which combines a numerical subsurface flow model and artificial neural networks (ANN) for solving the problem in two, fully separate steps. The first step employs the flow model for calculating a large number of wetting profiles (output), obtained from a systematic variation of both water application and initial soil moisture (input). The resulting matrix of corresponding input/output values is used for training the ANN. The second step, the application of the fully trained ANN, then provides the irrigation parameters which range from a specified initial soil moisture to a desired crop-specific soil moisture profile. In order to avoid substantial disadvantages associated with the common feedforward backpropagation approach, a self-organizing topological feature map is implemented to perform this task. After a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, the new methodology is applied to the outcome of an irrigation experiment. The convincing results recommend the new methodology as a positive contribution towards an improved irrigation efficiency.
Healthy ageing and binding features in working memory: measurement issues and potential boundary conditions

Accurate memory for an object or event requires that multiple diverse features are bound together and retained as an integrated representation. There is overwhelming evidence that healthy ageing is accompanied by an associative deficit in that older adults struggle to remember relations between items above any deficit exhibited in remembering the items themselves. However, the e↵ect of age on the ability to bind features within novel objects (for example, their colour and shape) and retain correct conjunctions over brief intervals is less clear. The relatively small body of work that exists on this topic to-date has suggested no additional working memory impairment for conjunctions of features beyond a general age-related impairment in the ability to temporarily retain features. This is in stark contrast to the feature binding deficit observed in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, there have been reports of age-related feature binding deficits in working memory under specific circumstances. Thus a major focus of the present work was to assess these potential boundary conditions. The change detection paradigm was used throughout this work to examine agedi↵erences in visual working memory. Despite the popularity of this task important issues regarding the way in which working memory is probed have been left unaddressed. Chapter 2 reports three experiments with younger adults comparing two methods of testing recognition memory for features or conjunctions. Contrary to an influential study in the field, it appears that processing multiple items at test does not di↵erentially impact on participants’ ability to detect binding changes. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 report a series of experiments motivated by previous findings of specific age-related feature binding deficits. These experiments, improving on pre-
A Meta-analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Self- and Other Judgments Reveals a Spatial Gradient for Mentalizing in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The distinction between processes used to perceive and understand the self and others has received considerable attention in psychology and neuroscience. Brain findings highlight a role for various regions, in particular the medial PFC (mPFC), in supporting judgments about both the self and others. We performed a meta-analysis of 107 neuroimaging studies of self- and other-related judgments using multilevel kernel density analysis [Kober, H. , & Wager, T. D. Meta-analyses of neuroimaging data. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews, 1, 293–300, 2010]. We sought to determine what brain regions are reliably involved in each judgment type and, in particular, what the spatial and functional organization of mPFC is with respect to them. Relative to nonmentalizing judgments, both self- and other judgments were associated with activity in mPFC, ranging from ventral to dorsal extents, as well as common activation of the left TPJ and posterior cingulate. A direct comparison between self- and other judgments revealed that ventral mPFC as well as left ventrolateral PFC and left insula were more frequently activated by self-related judgments, whereas dorsal mPFC, in addition to bilateral TPJ and cuneus, was more frequently activated by other-related judgments. Logistic regression analyses revealed that ventral and dorsal mPFC lay at opposite ends of a functional gradient: The z coordinates reported in individual studies predicted whether the study involved self- or other-related judgments, which were associated with increasingly ventral or dorsal portions of mPFC, respectively. These results argue for a distributed rather than localizationist account of mPFC organization and support an emerging view on the functional heterogeneity of mPFC.
Generalized Information Representation and Compression Using Covariance Union

In this paper we consider the use of Covariance Union (CU) with multi-hypothesis techniques (MHT) and Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to generalize the conventional mean and covariance representation of information. More specifically, we address the representation of multi-modal information using multiple mean and covariance estimates. A significant challenge is to define a rigorous fusion algorithm that can bind the complexity of the filtering process. This requires a mechanism for subsuming subsets of modes into single modes so that the complexity of the representation satisfies a specified upper bound. We discuss how this can be accomplished using CU. The practical challenge is to develop efficient implementations of the CU algorithm. Because of the novelty of the CU algorithm, there are no existing real-time codes for use in real applications. In this paper we address this deficiency by considering a general-purpose implementation of the CU algorithm based on general nonlinear optimization techniques. Computational results are reported
Range expansion through fragmented landscapes under a variable climate

Ecological responses to climate change may depend on complex patterns of variability in weather and local microclimate that overlay global increases in mean temperature. Here, we show that high-resolution temporal and spatial variability in temperature drives the dynamics of range expansion for an exemplar species, the butterfly Hesperia comma. Using fine-resolution (5 m) models of vegetation surface microclimate, we estimate the thermal suitability of 906 habitat patches at the species' range margin for 27 years. Population and metapopulation models that incorporate this dynamic microclimate surface improve predictions of observed annual changes to population density and patch occupancy dynamics during the species' range expansion from 1982 to 2009. Our findings reveal how fine-scale, short-term environmental variability drives rates and patterns of range expansion through spatially localised, intermittent episodes of expansion and contraction. Incorporating dynamic microclimates can thus improve models of species range shifts at spatial and temporal scales relevant to conservation interventions.
Emotional Maturity: A Study of Secondary School Teachers

This research paper assesses the teachers’ emotional maturity among government secondary school teachers in Jammu division. The main objective of the paper is to find whether teachers differ in emotional maturity in relation to their gender, qualification and locality. For this, a sample of 200 teachers was selected through multi-stage probability sampling technique employing survey method. Teachers’ emotional maturity scale as developed by investigator was used for the collection of data. The findings revealed that there are no gender differences in emotional maturity among teachers. Besides this there are no significant differences in emotional maturity among teachers in relation to their qualifications and locality.