Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HONGOS AISLADOS DESDE SUELOS DE BOSQUES DE ARAUCARIA-NOTHOFAGUS DESPUES DE UN INCENDIO EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL TOLHUACA

Se determino despues de dos anos el efecto de un incendio natural sobre la poblacion fungica en un bosque Araucaria-Nothofagus, localizado en el Parque Nacional Tolhuaca. Las poblaciones fungicas fueron aisladas desde el suelo de tres parcelas (una de control) y de dos profundidades por el metodo de las diluciones en agar extracto de malta y la identificacion se hizo por el metodo de la taxonomia tradicional. Los hongos de las taxa Penicillium, Mortierella y Trichoderma fueron predominantes (79 % en promedio) a la profundidad 0- 20 cm, independiente de la epoca de muestreo y sin mayores diferencias taxonomicas en las 3 parcelas, despues de los 2 anos del incendio, siendo tambien dominantes (68.6 % en promedio) en la profundidad 20- 40 cm. Ademas, se observo un mayor numero de taxa en la profundidad 0-20 cm (37 taxa) en comparacion a los 20-40 cm (18 taxa).
Stability of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Freezing as Related to Their Fatty Acid Composition

The viability of Streptococcus lactis and Lactobacillus sp. A-12 after freezing at -17°C for 48 h was better preserved when the cells were grown in medium supplemented with oleic acid or Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). A pronounced change in the cellular fatty acid composition was noted when the bacteria were grown in the presence of Tween 80. In S. lactis the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased from 1.18 to 2.55 and in Lactobacillus sp. A-12 it increased from 0.85 to 1.67 when Tween 80 was added to the growth medium. The antibiotic cerulenin markedly inhibited the growth of lactic acid bacteria in tomato juice (TJ) medium but had almost no effect on the growth of the bacteria in TJ medium containing Tween 80 (or oleic acid). The antibiotic inhibited markedly the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate but had no inhibitory effect on the incorporation of exogenous [1-14C]oleate (or [1-14C]palmitate) into the lipid fractions of lactic acid bacteria. Thus, the fatty acid composition of lactic acid bacteria, inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin, can be modulated by exogenously added oleic acid (or Tween 80) without the concurrent endogenous fatty acid synthesis from acetate. The data obtained suggest that cerulenin inhibits neither cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis nor elongation of fatty acid acyl intermediates. The radioactivity of cells grown in the presence of [1-14C]oleate and cerulenin was associated mainly with cyclopropane Δ19:0, 20:0 + 20:1, and 21:0 acids. As a consequence, cerulenin caused a decrease in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in lactic acid bacteria as compared with cells grown in TJ medium plus Tween 80 but without cerulenin. Cerulenin caused a decrease in the viability of S. lactis and Lactobacillus sp. A-12 after freezing at -17°C for 48 h only when Tween 80 was present in the growth medium. We conclude that the sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria to damage from freezing can be correlated with specific alterations in the cellular fatty acids.
tRNA genes rapidly change in evolution to meet novel translational demands

Changes in expression patterns may occur when organisms are presented with new environmental challenges, for example following migration or genetic changes. To elucidate the mechanisms by which the translational machinery adapts to such changes, we perturbed the tRNA pool of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by tRNA gene deletion. We then evolved the deletion strain and observed that the genetic adaptation was recurrently based on a strategic mutation that changed the anticodon of other tRNA genes to match that of the deleted one. Strikingly, a systematic search in hundreds of genomes revealed that anticodon mutations occur throughout the tree of life. We further show that the evolution of the tRNA pool also depends on the need to properly couple translation to protein folding. Together, our observations shed light on the evolution of the tRNA pool, demonstrating that mutation in the anticodons of tRNA genes is a common adaptive mechanism when meeting new translational demands. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01339. 001
A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression.

OBJECTIVES Depression during pregnancy is one of the strongest predictors of postpartum depression, which, in turn, has deleterious, lasting effects on infant and child well-being and on the mother's and father's mental health. The primary question guiding this randomized controlled trial was, Does culturally relevant, enhanced brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-B) confer greater advantages to low-income, pregnant women than those that accrue from enhanced usual care in treating depression in this population? Enhanced IPT-B is a multicomponent model of care designed to treat antenatal depression and consists of an engagement session, followed by eight acute IPT-B sessions before the birth and maintenance IPT up to six months postpartum. IPT-B was specifically enhanced to make it culturally relevant to socioeconomically disadvantaged women. METHODS Fifty-three non-treatment-seeking, pregnant African-American and white patients receiving prenatal services in a large, urban obstetrics and gynecology clinic and meeting criteria for depression on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (score >12 on a scale of 0 to 30) were randomly assigned to receive either enhanced IPT-B (N=25) or enhanced usual care (N=28), both of which were delivered in the clinic. Participants were assessed before and after treatment on depression diagnoses, depressive symptoms, and social functioning. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses showed that participants in enhanced IPT-B, compared with those in enhanced usual care, displayed significant reductions in depression diagnoses and depressive symptoms before childbirth (three months postbaseline) and at six months postpartum and showed significant improvements in social functioning at six months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that enhanced IPT-B ameliorates depression during pregnancy and prevents depressive relapse and improves social functioning up to six months postpartum.
Immune surveillance of the lung by migrating tissue monocytes

Monocytes are phagocytic effector cells in the blood and precursors of resident and inflammatory tissue macrophages. The aim of the current study was to analyse and compare their contribution to innate immune surveillance of the lung in the steady state with macrophage and dendritic cells (DC). ECFP and EGFP transgenic reporters based upon Csf1r and Cx3cr1 distinguish monocytes from resident mononuclear phagocytes. We used these transgenes to study the migratory properties of monocytes and macrophages by functional imaging on explanted lungs. Migratory monocytes were found to be either patrolling within large vessels of the lung or locating at the interface between lung capillaries and alveoli. This spatial organisation gives to monocytes the property to capture fluorescent particles derived from both vascular and airway routes. We conclude that monocytes participate in steady-state surveillance of the lung, in a way that is complementary to resident macrophages and DC, without differentiating into macrophages. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07847. 001
Understanding the ecological drivers of avian influenza virus infection in wildfowl: a continental-scale study across Africa

Despite considerable effort for surveillance of wild birds for avian influenza viruses (AIVs), empirical investigations of ecological drivers of AIV prevalence in wild birds are still scarce. Here we used a continental-scale dataset, collected in tropical wetlands of 15 African countries, to test the relative roles of a range of ecological factors on patterns of AIV prevalence in wildfowl. Seasonal and geographical variations in prevalence were positively related to the local density of the wildfowl community and to the wintering period of Eurasian migratory birds in Africa. The predominant influence of wildfowl density with no influence of climatic conditions suggests, in contrast to temperate regions, a predominant role for inter-individual transmission rather than transmission via long-lived virus persisting in the environment. Higher prevalences were found in Anas species than in non-Anas species even when we account for differences in their foraging behaviour (primarily dabbling or not) or their geographical origin (Eurasian or Afro-tropical), suggesting the existence of intrinsic differences between wildfowl taxonomic groups in receptivity to infection. Birds were found infected as often in oropharyngeal as in cloacal samples, but rarely for both types of sample concurrently, indicating that both respiratory and digestive tracts may be important for AIV replication.
Asymmetric Auctions with Resale

We study first- and second-price auctions with resale in a model with independent private values. With asymmetric bidders, the resulting ineffi ciencies create a motive for post-auction trade which, in our model, takes place via monopoly pricing—the winner makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer to the loser. We show (a) a first-price auction with resale has a unique monotonic equilibrium; and (b) with resale, the expected revenue from a first-price auction exceeds that from a second-price auction. The inclusion of resale possibilities thus permits a general revenue ranking of the two auctions that is not available when these are excluded. (JEL D44)
ZENS. IV. SIMILAR MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MASS QUENCHING AND ENVIRONMENT QUENCHING AND THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF BULGE GROWTH VERSUS THE FADING OF DISKS

We use the low-redshift Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) catalog to study the dependence of the quenched satellite fraction at 10 10.0 M ⊙ → 10 11.5 M ⊙ ? > , and of the morphological mix of these quenched satellites, on three different environmental parameters: group halo mass, halo-centric distance, and large-scale structure (LSS) overdensity. Within the two mass bins into which we divide our galaxy sample, the fraction of quenched satellites is more or less independent of halo mass and the surrounding LSS overdensity, but it increases toward the centers of the halos, as found in previous studies. The morphological mix of these quenched satellites is, however, constant with radial position in the halo, indicating that the well-known morphology–density relation results from the increasing fraction of quenched galaxies toward the centers of halos. If the radial variation in the quenched fraction reflects the action of two quenching processes, one related to mass and the other to environment, then the constancy with radius of the morphological outcome suggests that both have the same effect on the morphologies of the galaxies. Alternatively, mass and environment quenching may be two reflections of a single physical mechanism. The quenched satellites have larger bulge-to-total ratios (B/T) and smaller half-light radii than the star-forming satellites. The bulges in quenched satellites have very similar luminosities and surface brightness profiles, and any mass growth of the bulges associated with quenching cannot greatly change these quantities. The differences in the light-defined B/T and in the galaxy half-light radii are mostly due to differences in the disks, which have lower luminosities in the quenched galaxies. The difference in galaxy half-light radii between quenched and star-forming satellites is however larger than can be explained by uniformly fading the disks following quenching, and the quenched disks have smaller scale lengths than in star-forming satellites. This can be explained either by a differential fading of the disks with galaxy radius or the disks being generally smaller in the past, both of which would be expected in an inside-out disk growth scenario. The overall conclusion is that, at least at low redshifts, the structure of massive quenched satellites at these masses is produced by processes that operate before the quenching takes place. A comparison of our results with semianalytic models argues for a reduction in the efficiency of group halos in quenching their disk satellites and for mechanisms to increase the B/T of low-mass quenched satellites.
Nonablative Fractional Laser Resurfacing for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) therapy is a noninvasive procedure that has been suggested as a treatment option for hypertrophic scars. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1540‐nm NAFL therapy in the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Materials and Methods An intraindividual randomized controlled trial (RCT) with split lesion design and single‐blinded outcome evaluations. Patients received four NAFL treatments at monthly intervals. Primary endpoint was a blinded on‐site visual and palpable Physician Global Assessment (PhGA). Adverse event registration and pain evaluation were used to evaluate safety. Patient global assessment (PGA) was a secondary endpoint to additionally evaluate efficacy. Results The PhGA did not find a statistically significant difference between the treated and untreated control side of 18 patients, although there was significant difference on the PGA 1 (p = .006) and 3 (p = .02) months after last treatment (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Patients experienced moderate pain during treatment and mild adverse events. Conclusion In this trial, blinded PhGA could not confirm the clinical efficacy of 1540‐nm nonablative fractional laser in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, but the treatment is safe, and patients judged that the treated part had a better global appearance.
Waste-to-Energy processes: what is the impact on air pollutants and health?

Key points • Only half of the waste that Australia generates each year is recycled. Australian governments have committed to better waste management. While there is an increased demand for energy, greenhouse gas emissions must be curbed to mitigate climate change. • The Clean Energy Financing Corporation waste hierarchy highlights that the first step in tackling Australia’s waste problem should be to reduce the amount of waste produced before considering methods for recovery (re-purpose, recycle). • Waste-to-Energy (WtE) processes, near the bottom of the waste hierarchy, convert sorted municipal and industrial solid waste into electricity and/or heat. • WtE involves more complete combustion, therefore lower emissions (and higher amounts of electricity per weight) of pollutants, than incinerating unsorted municipal solid waste. • A recent assessment of the effects of inhaling combustion emissions showed WtE processes had a 64% lower health risk than incinerating unsorted municipal waste. However, increased concentration of some items being incinerated may lead to greater emissions of carcinogens if appropriate management of emissions is not performed. • A full assessment of the environmental impacts of WtE processes should be considered on a case-by-case basis to evaluate the risks and benefits of pollutant emissions and less obvious potential impacts on the local and wider community, within the life cycle of WtE and alternative/traditional processes.
Evaluating the Quality and Accuracy of TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Models at Archaeological Sites in the Cilician Plain, Turkey

Satellite remote sensing provides a powerful instrument for mapping and monitoring traces of historical settlements and infrastructure, not only in distant areas and crisis regions. It helps archaeologists to embed their findings from field surveys into the broader context of the landscape. With the start of the TanDEM-X mission, spatially explicit 3D-information is available to researchers at an unprecedented resolution worldwide. We examined different experimental TanDEM-X digital elevation models (DEM) that were processed from two different imaging modes (Stripmap/High Resolution Spotlight) using the operational alternating bistatic acquisition mode. The quality and accuracy of the experimental DEM products was compared to other available DEM products and a high precision archaeological field survey. The results indicate the potential of TanDEM-X Stripmap (SM) data for mapping surface elements at regional scale. For the alluvial plain of Cilicia, a suspected palaeochannel could be reconstructed. At the local scale, DEM products from TanDEM-X High Resolution Spotlight (HS) mode were processed at 2 m spatial resolution using a merge of two monostatic/bistatic interferograms. The absolute and relative vertical accuracy of the outcome meet the specification of high resolution elevation data (HRE) standards from the National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG) at the HRE20 level.
Erfassung von Porenwasservariationen inWattsedimenten und der Einfluss vonGrundwasseraustritt im Sahlenburger Watt

The tidal flat near Sahlenburg is influenced by a confined aquifer. Leakage areas in the aquitard causes an outflow of groundwater (Submarine Groundwater Discarge(SGD)). This is well detectable due to the reduced chloride concentrations in pore water. At the sediment surface the SGD creates so called "sand boils" and "pancake structures". "Sand boils" are focused groundwater outlets with diameters in the centimeter to decimeter range. During the low tide the flow rates are between 0.04 L/min and 1.8 L/min."Pancake structures" are morphologically distinctive sedimentary structures with diameters of up to several meters formed by rising ground water. They show relatively sharp horizontal boundaries in porewater chemistry.Measurements showed that the flow rates vary greatly and are influenced by the tides. Measurements of the pressure in the aquifer show variations of up to 50%. SGD can be confirmed in the whole area by using chloride as inert tracer. Advective and diffusive transport processes are visible. These processes works into and out of the sediment. The determining factors are: convection, hydraulic gradient, tidal and wave-pump processes. Based on the concentration profiles transport modeling is performed. This resulted in diffusive and advective flow through the sediment from 0.01 to 3 L/(m^2*day). The aquifer horizons are different in their properties and components. Different concentrations of chloride, silica, oxygen and nitrate and temperatures were measuered . These indicates recirulation of water and varying pathways.The methane concentrations range from values below the detection limit and 500 mikromol/L. The groundwater itself could not be recognized as a source of methane. The complex structure of the sediment formed methane traps and accumulate great concentrations.
Rural African American clergy: Are they literate on late-life depression?

This exploratory study examined rural African American clergy's knowledge of and experience in providing support to African American elders with late-life depression. Interviews were conducted with nine African American clergy who oversaw rural churches in central Kentucky. Jorm and colleagues provide a conceptual framework for mental health literacy to explore participants’ knowledge of late-life depression. Although few clergy had direct experience with counseling a depressed older adult, all the clergy were considered literate regarding late-life depression and its treatment. These findings have implications for social workers building collaborative community treatment relationships.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Background: Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a three-domain protein that contains: 1) a highly conserved N-terminal domain that is 45% identical to the human type II alpha regulatory subunit (RII alpha) of protein kinase A (PKA); 2) a central sulphated carbohydrate-binding domain; and 3) a C-terminal Ca++/calmodulin (CaM) binding domain. Although Sp17 was originally discovered and characterized in spermatozoa, its mRNA has now been found in a variety of normal mouse and human tissues. However, Sp17 protein is found predominantly in spermatozoa, cilia and human neoplastic cell lines. This study demonstrates that Sp17 from spermatozoa binds A-kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP3), confirming the functionality of the N-terminal domain. Methods: In this study in vitro precipitation and immunolocalization demonstrate that Sp17 binds to AKAP3 (AKAP110) in spermatozoa. Results: Sp17 is present in the head and tail of spermatozoa, in the tail it is in the fibrous sheath, which contains AKAP3 and AKAP4. Recombinant AKAP3 and AKAP4 RII binding domains were synthesized as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins immobilized on glutathione-agarose resin and added to CHAPS extracts of human spermatozoa. Western blots of bound and eluted proteins probed with anti-Sp17 revealed that AKAP3 bound and precipitated a significant level of Sp17 while AKAP4 did not. AKAP4 binds AKAP3 and expression of AKAP3 is reduced in AKAP4 knockout sperm, therefore we tested AKAP4 knockout spermatozoa for Sp17 and found that there was a reduction in the amount of Sp17 expressed when compared to wild type spermatozoa. Co-localization of AKAP3 and Sp17 by immunofluorescence was demonstrated along the length of the principal piece of the flagella. Conclusions: As predicted by its N-terminal domain that is 45% identical to the human RIIα of PKA, Sp17 from spermatozoa binds the RII binding domain of AKAP3 along the length of the flagella.
Acceptance-based behavior therapy to promote HIV medication adherence

A significant number of adults with HIV in the USA do not maintain adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at adequate levels. Although traditional cognitive behavioral interventions have shown promise in promoting HAART adherence, acceptance-based behavior therapy (ABBT) may be particularly useful in this population. ABBT has the potential to overcome common avoidance-based barriers associated with poor adherence, including denial of various illness-related factors and avoidance of stigmatization. We describe the rationale for promoting psychological and behavioral acceptance in HIV-positive populations; outline an ABBT to promote HAART adherence targeting primary care patients from urban, minority, low socioeconomic backgrounds; and report preliminary qualitative observations of treatment feasibility and acceptability.
A classification-based elephant flow detection method using application round on SDN environments

We propose in this paper a classification-based elephant flow detection method for SDN environments. The proposed elephant flow detection method consists of two classifiers running on the switch and the controller, respectively. For better performance, the concept of application round is used to build the classifier running on the controller. Experimental results show that our elephant flow detection method is able to obtain high recall and F-measure.
Nonlinear Companding Transform for Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in OFDM Systems

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is one of the limitations to employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear companding algorithm that transforms the OFDM signals into the desirable statistics form defined by a linear piecewise function. By introducing the variable slopes and an inflexion point in the target probability density function, more flexibility in the companding form and an effective trade-off between the PAPR and bit error rate performances can be achieved. A theoretical performance study for this algorithm is presented and closed-form expressions regarding the achievable transform gain and signal attenuation factor are provided. We also investigate the selection criteria of transform parameters focusing on its robustness and overall performance aspects. The presented theoretical analyses are well verified via computer simulations.