Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Situational Ethnicity and Consumer Behavior

The role of situational ethnicity in consumption behaivor is examined, and the relationship between ethnicity and consumption is argued to be affected by the situational contexts in which choices are made. Situational effects are proposed to operate through changes in the level of felt ethnicity and in the relationship between felt ethnicity and behavior. An empirical study demonstrates these effects by showing the impact of two situational dimensions--social surroundings and antecedent conditions--on ethnic food choices. Copyright 1989 by the University of Chicago.
Impact of Doppler frequency compensation errors on spaceborne GNSS-R altimetry

The compensation of the Doppler frequency error is important to accurately estimate the sea height in spaceborne GNSS-R altimetry. This work presents the impact of the residual Doppler error on the altimetric performance. The GNSS-R altimetric observables (waveforms) are simulated with various observation parameters, and the degradation is analyzed vs. the Doppler errors. It is shown that the Doppler error causes a bias, a decrease of the waveform value, and consequently the altimetric performance degradation in accuracy and precision.
Post-Imperial Third Romes: Resurrections of a Russian Orthodox Geopolitical Metaphor

Shortly after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, a Russian Orthodox monk nominated Russia as the ‘Third Rome’, or successor to the Roman and Byzantine empires. Some analysts have seen Muscovite Third Romism (that allegedly persisted into the Bolshevik era of the Soviet Union) as the Russian equivalent of the USA's Manifest Destiny, and other concepts used to rationalise imperialism. This paper attempts to broaden and deepen similar interpretations of the major geopolitical dictum coming from Russian Orthodoxy: questionably a direct justification for Russian imperialist messianism and far from being just a feature of the past, this metaphor is an essential element of post-imperial Russian geopolitical discourse as evident in its usage in writings of politically diverse authors. The paper focuses on resurrections of the metaphor in post-imperial Russia nowadays, and, ultimately, broadens our understanding of ‘religion as geopolitics’ nexus by presenting the too frequently overlooked field of Russian Orthodoxy-related geopolitics.
Institutional culture and learning II: inter-relationships between perceptions of the learning environment and undergraduate musicians' attitudes to performance

This paper, following on from our previous paper focusing on findings regarding students’ approaches to learning, explores students’ approaches to performance with particular focus on musical self-efficacy beliefs and experiences of performance anxiety in solo and group performances. The research design included a large questionnaire survey followed up by 13 case study interviews and six focus groups. Survey participants were 170 undergraduate musicians studying in three distinctively different higher education institutions, encompassing classical, popular, jazz and Scottish traditional music genres. Findings suggest that the context of music performance learning and the prevailing institutional culture relate to students’ approaches to performance. By statistically controlling for gender and genre biases across the three institutions, we were able to observe both similarities and differences between students’ self-reported self-efficacy beliefs, as well as experiences, perceived causes and strategies used to cope with performance anxiety. Implications of findings from the two ‘institutional culture and learning’ papers for learners and educators in higher education are discussed.
GTOP: a database of protein structures predicted from genome sequences

Large-scale genome projects generate an unprecedented number of protein sequences, most of them are experimentally uncharacterized. Predicting the 3D structures of sequences provides important clues as to their functions. We constructed the Genomes TO Protein structures and functions (GTOP) database, containing protein fold predictions of a huge number of sequences. Predictions are mainly carried out with the homology search program PSI-BLAST, currently the most popular among high-sensitivity profile search methods. GTOP also includes the results of other analyses, e.g. homology and motif search, detection of transmembrane helices and repetitive sequences. We have completed analyzing the sequences of 41 organisms, with the number of proteins exceeding 120 000 in total. GTOP uses a graphical viewer to present the analytical results of each ORF in one page in a 'color-bar' format. The assigned 3D structures are presented by Chime plug-in or RasMol. The binding sites of ligands are also included, providing functional information. The GTOP server is available at http://spock.genes. nig.ac. jp/~genome/gtop.html.
How Men's Movement Participants View Each other

This study compares the opinions of men's movements' participants of each other. Nineteen profeminist, 17 men's rights, and 18 mythopoetic activists returned surveys. Overall, the respondents had little awareness of each other. The profeminist and men's rights respondents had negative views of each other, while the pro-feminists were more familiar with the mythopoetic men's issues than with men's rights issues. Further, profeminist respondents were split regarding their opinions of the mythopoetic men's movement. Men's rights respondents had lukewarm opinions of the mythopoetic men's movement, and the mythopoetic men's movement participants were not familiar enough with either the profeminist or men's rights men's movements to respond. This study shows that men's movement rhetoric is unreliable in its representation of how men's movement participants view each other.
Fatty acid binding protein 4 expression marks a population of adipocyte progenitors in white and brown adipose tissues

Adipose tissues regulate metabolism, reproduction, and life span. The development and growth of adipose tissue are due to increases of both adipocyte cell size and cell number; the latter is mediated by adipocyte progenitors. Various markers have been used to identify either adipocyte progenitors or mature adipocytes. The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), commonly known as adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), has been extensively used as a marker for differentiated adipocytes. However, whether aP2 is expressed in adipogenic progenitors is controversial. Using Cre/LoxP‐based cell lineage tracing in mice, we have identified a population of aP2‐expressing progenitors in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of both white and brown adipose tissues. The aP2‐lineage progenitors reside in the adipose stem cell niche and express adipocyte progenitor markers, including CD34, Sca1, Dlk1, and PDGFRα. When isolated and grown in culture, the aP2‐expressing SVF cells proliferate and differentiate into adipocytes upon induction. Conversely, ablation of the aP2 lineage greatly reduces the adipogenic potential of SVF cells. When grafted into wild‐type mice, the aP2‐lineage progenitors give rise to adipose depots in recipient mice. Therefore, the expression of aP2 is not limited to mature adipocytes, but also marks a pool of undifferentiated progenitors associated with the vasculature of adipose tissues. Our finding adds to the repertoire of adipose progenitor markers and points to a new regulator of adipose plasticity. —Shan, T. , Liu, W. , Kuang, S. Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 expression marks a population of adipocyte progenitors in white and brown adipose tissues. FASEB J. 27, 277–287 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Identity, identity work and the experience of working from home

Purpose – This paper seeks to show how the shift of paid work from traditional locations into the home environment raises serious questions of identity for managers who have started to work from home and who have to “cope with” the sometimes conflicting demands imposed by different socio‐cultural spheres.Design/methodology/approach – Based on an empirical study of working from home, three case studies are presented, which articulate and summarise different modes of engagement with both paid and domestic work and respective identity issues.Findings – Adding to the extant literature on working from home, the findings indicate that the success or failure of working from home is intrinsically tied into issues related to homeworkers” identity.Research limitations/implications – The empirical data are taken from a period when homeworkers had to “learn” how to cope with being both “at home and at work”. Further empirical enquiry might focus on longitudinal aspects of the relationship between working from home an.
Heat Sink Design Optimization Using the Thermal ShortCut concept

Calculation and display of a ther mal `ShortCut' scalar field as an integrated part of a CFD simulation enables a practitioner to visualize and understand the physical mechanisms by which heat is removed from an electronics system and where opportunities exists to introduce new heat transfer paths. By applying the characteristics of this thermal ShortCut scalar to heat sink design aspects, one can idetify near optimal solutions with a minimal number of simulations. This work will demonstrate a correlation between the ShortCut scalar and the local Nusselt number, and use this correlation to determine the optimal areas where fin material can be removed with minimal impact on the thermal performance of the heat sink. The results will be compared to that obtained by more traditional Design of Experiments techniques.
The Effects of Achieved National Board for Professional Teaching Standards Certification on the Marginality of Physical Education Teachers

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between achieving The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards certification and feelings of marginality of physical education teachers. Data sources included a focus group interview with 6 National Board Certified Physical Education Teachers (NBCPETs) and individual phone interviews with 20 NBCPETs using an interview guide (Patton, 2007). Data were analyzed inductively using the Miles and Huberman (1984) four-stage process. Findings indicated that teachers and administrators considered National Board Certification a symbol of highly skilled teaching. Possessing this symbol changed the way the NBCPETs approached their work and how others acted toward them. NBCPETs felt more confident, more vocal, and more active in leadership positions.
Operative results of canal-expansive laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients.

STUDY DESIGN The study involved elderly patients (age > or = 65), who underwent treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy by canal-expansive laminoplasty. OBJECTIVES To determine the factors that influence the operative results of canal-expansive laminoplasty for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although there have been previous reports of many operative procedures, to the authors' knowledge there are no reports on the results of surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients, treated by a unified surgical procedure. To date, no attempts have been made to predict the results of these procedures. METHODS Forty-seven patients (age > or = 65) who underwent canal-expansive laminoplasty were reviewed in this study. The severity of the clinical picture and the quality of operative results were graded according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system. RESULTS Of the 13 patients whose period of disability persisted for less than 3 months before the operation, 12 were able to walk after surgery. The operative results of patients more than 80 years of age were not significantly different from those of patients aged between 65 and 79 years. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the predictive probability of the postoperative motor function score of the lower extremities was 70%. CONCLUSIONS The severity of the clinical picture and the duration of symptoms influenced the outcome of the operation. Despite the advanced age of some patients (> 80), the operation increased the chance of recovery from the disease.
Enrollees' Global Rating Process of Health Care with the National CAHPS® Benchmarking Database

Abstract: The CAHPS® survey, a national-level data set, was used to determine how enrollees rate their health care with an emerging new noncompensatory model. The test results show the "People's experiences with how well their doctors communicate" attribute has the largest impact on the global rating of health care. We discuss the implications of this study for health care managers who work hard to improve how patients perceive their health care services.
Acclimation to High CO(2) in Monoecious Cucumbers : I. Vegetative and Reproductive Growth.

CO(2) concentrations of 1000 compared to 350 microliters per liter in controlled environment chambers did not increase total fruit weight or number in a monoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Chipper) nor did it increase biomass, leaf area, or relative growth rates beyond the first 16 days after seeding. Average fruit weight was slightly, but not significantly greater in the 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) treatment because fruit numbers were changed more than total weight. Plants grown at 1000 and 350 microliters per liter CO(2) were similar in distribution of dry matter and leaf area between mainstem, axillary, and subaxillary branches. Early flower production was greater in 1000 microliters per liter plants. Subsequent flower numbers were either lower in enriched plants or similar in the two treatments, except for the harvest at fruiting when enriched plants produced many more male flowers than the 350 microliters per liter treatments.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Suggests Limited Drug–Drug Interaction Between Clopidogrel and Dasabuvir

Dasabuvir, a nonnucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor, is a sensitive substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 with a potential for drug–drug interaction (DDI) with clopidogrel. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for dasabuvir to evaluate the DDI potential with clopidogrel, the acyl‐β‐D glucuronide metabolite of which has been reported as a strong mechanism‐based inhibitor of CYP2C8 based on an interaction with repaglinide. In addition, the PBPK model for clopidogrel and its metabolite were updated with additional in vitro data. Sensitivity analyses using these PBPK models suggested that CYP2C8 inhibition by clopidogrel acyl‐β‐D glucuronide may not be as potent as previously suggested. The dasabuvir and updated clopidogrel PBPK models predict a moderate increase of 1.5–1.9‐fold for Cmax and 1.9–2.8‐fold for AUC of dasabuvir when coadministered with clopidogrel. While the PBPK results suggest there is a potential for DDI between dasabuvir and clopidogrel, the magnitude is not expected to be clinically relevant.
In-service characterization of a polymer wick-based quasi-dry electrode for rapid pasteless electroencephalography

Abstract A novel quasi-dry electrode prototype, based on a polymer wick structure filled with a specially designed hydrating solution is proposed for electroencephalography (EEG) applications. The new electrode does not require the use of a conventional electrolyte paste to achieve a wet, low-impedance scalp contact. When compared to standard commercial Ag/AgCl sensors, the proposed wick electrodes exhibit similar electrochemical noise and potential drift values. Lower impedances are observed when tested in human volunteers due to more effective electrode/skin contact. Furthermore, the electrodes exhibit an excellent autonomy, displaying an average interfacial impedance of 37±11 kΩ cm2 for 7 h of skin contact. After performing bipolar EEG trials in human volunteers, no substantial differences are evident in terms of shape, amplitude and spectral characteristics between signals of wick and commercial wet electrodes. Thus, the wick electrodes can be considered suitable to be used for rapid EEG applications (electrodes can be prepared without the presence of the patient) without the traditional electrolyte paste. The main advantages of these novel electrodes over the Ag/AgCl system are their low and stable impedance (obtained without conventional paste), long autonomy, comfort, lack of dirtying or damaging of the hair and because only a minimal cleaning procedure is required after the exam.
Brassinosteroid control of sex determination in maize

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that regulate growth and development. They share structural similarities with animal steroids, which are decisive factors of sex determination. BRs are known to regulate morphogenesis and environmental stress responses, but their involvement in sex determination in plants has been only speculative. We show that BRs control sex determination in maize revealed through characterization of the classical dwarf mutant nana plant1 (na1), which also feminizes male flowers. na1 plants carry a loss-of-function mutation in a DET2 homolog—a gene in the BR biosynthetic pathway. The mutant accumulates the DET2-specific substrate (24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one with a concomitant decrease of downstream BR metabolites. Treatment of wild-type maize plants with BR biosynthesis inhibitors completely mimicked both dwarf and tasselseed phenotypes of na1 mutants. Tissue-specific na1 expression in anthers throughout their development supports the hypothesis that BRs promote masculinity of the male inflorescence. These findings suggest that, in the monoecious plant maize, BRs have been coopted to perform a sex determination function not found in plants with bisexual flowers.
The Effect of Middle Temporal Spike Phase on Sensory Encoding and Correlates with Behavior during a Motion-Detection Task

Previous studies have shown that sensory neurons that are the most informative of the stimulus tend to be the best correlated with the subject's perceptual decision. We wanted to know whether this relationship might also apply to short time segments of a neuron's response. We asked whether spikes that conveyed more information about a motion stimulus were also more tightly linked to the perceptual behavior. We examined single-neuron activity in middle temporal (MT) area while monkeys performed a motion-detection task. Because of a slow stimulus update (every 27 ms), activity in many MT neurons was entrained and phase-locked to the stimulus. These stimulus-entrained neuronal oscillations allowed us to separate spikes based on phase. We observed a large amount of variability in how spikes at different phases of the oscillation encoded the stimulus, as revealed by the spike-triggered average of the motion. Spikes during certain phases of the cycle were much more informative about the presence of coherent motion than others. Importantly, we found that the phases that were the most informative about the motion stimulus were also more correlated with the behavioral performance and reaction time of the animal. Our results suggest that the relationship between a neuron's spikes, the stimulus, and behavior can vary on a time scale of tens of milliseconds.
The High Cost of Freedom: A Legal and Policy Analysis of Shelter Detention for Victims of Trafficking

In countries around the world it is common practice for victims of human trafficking who have been "rescued" or who have escaped from situations of exploitation to be placed and detained in public or private shelters. In the most egregious situations, victims can be effectively imprisoned in such shelters for months, even years. This article uses field-based research to document this largely unreported phenomenon. It then considers the international legal aspects of victim detention in shelters and weighs the common justifications for such detention from legal, policy, and practical perspectives.
Agile hardware and software system engineering for innovation

Agile system engineering practices have matured for software projects while hardware system engineering continues to embrace classical development techniques. High technology projects require innovative solutions to meet the restrictions of cost and schedule and still deliver high performance critical systems. This paper addresses the application of the flexible style of agile systems engineering for dynamic, complex hardware and software projects. These projects can benefit from applying the principles of agile systems engineering as has been demonstrated in the software realm. Fundamental to the rapid development is understanding the role of innovation and momentum in agile project management and systems engineering. For post industrial age projects that require non proven concepts, large degrees of uncertainty and ambiguity and extensive non-recurring engineering, agile systems engineering allows for project development with continuous change while addressing risk. Agile systems engineering exploits the role of momentum to allow innovation in the development process while allowing risk interactions to be managed in a disciplined manner. Examples of how these concepts were used on the design and development of two small satellites at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) in the Multi-Mission Bus Demonstrator (MMBD) project. This challenging satellite build did not use existing key technology (heritage hardware) and created a large paradigm shift from traditional satellite development. Rapid design and development, a “momentum play”, was used to continuously allow change and assessment in a hardware adaptation of the SCRUM technique seen in Extreme Programming. The MMBD project demonstrates the adaptation of these agile concepts. By freezing late in the design cycle, the MMBD project was able to insert innovations throughout the program cycle. The ability to be innovative related to the speed with which the development progressed, including working quickly through all technology choices. This paper discusses agile systems engineering as applied to both software and hardware. Short of papers on embedded systems using agile systems engineering, there are too few projects demonstrating these adaptations of techniques to complex, innovative hardware projects. The Multi-Mission Bus Demonstrator is an excellent benchmark example of program management of rapid technology maturity in a high technology application. This paper demonstrates how agile systems engineering techniques can be adapted to a high technology development program and shows how project momentum was critical to separate the constant non-recurring technology challenges to be worked rapidly from the engineering risk liens requiring longer time frames to retire.
Age‐specific back‐projection of HIV diagnosis data

A method for reconstructing the HIV infection curve from data on both HIV and AIDS diagnoses is enhanced by using age as a covariate and by using the diagnosis data to estimate parameters that were previously assumed known. Maximum likelihood estimation is used for parameters of the induction distribution. Each of the set of parameters that specify the baseline rate of infection over time and the set of parameters giving the relative susceptibility over age are estimated by maximizing the likelihood subject to a smoothness requirement. We find that estimating the extra parameters is feasible, producing estimates with good precision. Including age as a covariate gives 90 per cent confidence intervals for the HIV incidence curve that are about 20 per cent narrower than those obtained when age data are not used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.