Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potamolinea gen. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria): a phylogenetically and ecologically coherent cyanobacterial genus.

Phormidium Kützing ex Gomont, a common genus of the Cyanobacteria, is widely known as a problematic group. Its simple morphology is not congruent with its genetic heterogeneity and several new generic entities have been described based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses from populations with similar morphology. During a study of the diversity of Phormidioideae (Phormidiaceae, Oscillatoriales) in Brazil, ten Phormidium-like strains from south-eastern and mid-western regions were isolated in monospecific cultures and submitted to polyphasic evaluation (morphological, ecological and molecular studies). The populations studied presented homogeneous morphology (trichomes straight, not attenuated and apical cell rounded or obtuse), differing mainly in cell length from the type species of the genus Phormidium (Phormidium lucidum Agardh ex Gomont) and occurring as three morphotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the populations studied, with European Phormidium aerugineo-caeruleum (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek strains, were placed together in a very distinctive and highly supported clade. Thus, the set of characteristics of the strains resulted in the recognition of the new genus Potamolinea Martins et Branco with two species: Potamolinea magna as the type species (strains 47PC and 48PC) and Potamolinea aerugineo-caerulea (Gomont) Martins et Branco (strains 1PC, 2PC and 38PC). These two species plus one still undetermined lineage,Potamolinea sp. , are morphologically and genetically distinguishable, whereas the secondary structures of the D1-D1', box-B and V3 regions were conserved within each one. The generic name and specific epithets of the new taxa are proposed under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.
A Critique of Hofstede’s Fifth National Culture Dimension

Using indigenous knowledge of Chinese culture and philosophy, this article critiques Geert Hofstede’s fifth national culture dimension, i.e. ‘Confucian dynamism’, also referred to as ‘long-term orientation’. The basic premise on which the dimension is founded is scrutinized and the way in which this index has been constructed is assessed in detail. It is argued that there is a philosophical flaw inherent in this ‘new’ dimension. Given this fatal flaw and other methodological weaknesses, the usefulness of Hofstede’s fifth dimension is doubted. The article concludes by calling for new visions and perspectives in our cross cultural research.
Evaluation of selected postural parameters in children who practice kyokushin karate

Summary Study aim: martial arts can be traced back thousands of years. Karate is one of the most common martial arts, and both children and adults practice it. The aim of the study was to evaluate selected body posture parameters in children aged 7–10 years who regularly practice karate. Material and method: the study population (Group I) consisted of 50 children aged 7–10 years, mean age 8.1 ± 1.5 years, who had been practicing karate more than two years. The control group consisted of 50 children of the same age (Group II). Body posture was assessed with photogrammetric method based on the phenomenon of the projective moiré pattern, using CQ Elektronik equipment. Results: on the basis of analysis of the inclination of the thoracolumbar section of the spine in both the study population and the control group, a statistically significant difference was found. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the SIT parameter measurements of the two groups (p < 0.05). There is a similar difference regarding the measurements of depth of thoracic kyphosis and depth of lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean shoulder line inclination angle parameter measurements for the two groups of children (p < 0.01). Conclusion: karate training children had a significant deepening of physiological thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The body posture in karate training children is characterised by a greater angle of thoracolumbar region and a smaller shoulder asymmetry.
A method for service identification of SSL/TLS encrypted traffic with the relation of session ID and Server IP

The SSL/TLS, one of the most popular encryption protocol, was developed as a solution of various network security problem while the network traffic has become complex and diverse. But the SSL/TLS traffic has been identified as its protocol name, not its used services, which is required for the effective network traffic management. This paper proposes a new method to generate service signatures automatically from SSL/TLS payload data and to classify network traffic in accordance with their application services. We utilize the certificate publication information field in the certificate exchanging record of SSL/TLS traffic for the service signatures, which occurs when SSL/TLS performs Handshaking before encrypt transmission. We proved the performance and feasibility of the proposed method by experimental result that classify about 95% SSL/TLS traffic with about 90% accuracy for every SSL/TLS services.
Modelling of underwater light fields in turbid and eutrophic waters: application and validation with experimental data

Abstract. A reliable radiative transfer (RT) model is an essential and indispensable tool for understanding the radiative transfer processes in homogenous and layered waters, analyzing measurements made by radiance sensors and developing remote-sensing algorithms to derive meaningful physical quantities and biogeochemical variables in turbid and productive coastal waters. Existing radiative transfer models have been designed to be applicable to either homogenous waters or inhomogeneous waters. To overcome such constraints associated with these models, this study presents a radiative transfer model that treats a homogenous layer as a diffuse part and an inhomogeneous layer as a direct part in the water column and combines these two parts appropriately in order to generate more reliable underwater light-field data such as upwelling radiance (Lu), downwelling irradiance (Ed) and upwelling irradiance (Eu). The diffuse model assumes the inherent optical properties (IOPs) to be vertically continuous and the light fields to exponentially decrease with depth, whereas the direct part considers the water column to be vertically inhomogeneous (layer-by-layer phenomena) with the vertically varying phase function. The surface and bottom boundary conditions, source function due to chlorophyll and solar incident geometry are also included in the present RT model. The performance of this model is assessed in a variety of waters (clear, turbid and eutrophic) using the measured radiometric data. The present model shows an advantage in terms of producing accurate Lu, Ed and Eu profiles (in spatial domain) in different waters determined by both homogenous and inhomogeneous conditions. The feasibility of predicting these underwater light fields based on the remotely estimated IOP data is also examined using the present RT model. For this application, vertical profiles of the water constituents and IOPs are estimated by empirical models based on our in situ data. The present RT model generates Lu, Ed and Eu spectra closely consistent with the measured data. These results lead to a conclusion that the present RT model is a viable alternative to existing RT models and has an important implication for remote sensing of optically complex waters.
Increased Incorporation of Antiplasmin Into the Fibrin Network in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with various vascular complications and is suggested to induce a prothrombotic state. In the current study, we characterized antiplasmin incorporation into fibrin in relation to other fibrinolytic compounds in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 236 patients with type 1 diabetes and 78 control subjects were investigated. The incorporation of antiplasmin into the fibrin network and the plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, tPA/PAI-1 complex, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, antiplasmin, factor XIII, and d-dimer were measured. In addition, we used global assays to study fibrinolysis. RESULTS The incorporation of antiplasmin into the fibrin network was significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in control subjects without diabetes (1.65 ± 0.25 vs. 1.35 ± 0.18 mg/L, respectively; P < 0.0001). The patients also had lower PAI-1 activity (2.19 units/mL [interquartile range 0.96–5.42] vs. 4.25 units/mL [1.95–9.0]; P = 0.0012) and antiplasmin level in plasma (78.5 ± 13.3 vs. 83.2 ± 15.4 mg/L; P < 0.05), resulting in a higher fibrinolytic capacity (shorter clot lysis time; P = 0.0090). We did not find any important sex differences regarding fibrinolysis in the patients or in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 1 diabetes incorporate more antiplasmin into the fibrin network than control subjects without diabetes do and have a reduced PAI-1 activity and a shorter clot lysis time. These results suggest that patients with type 1 diabetes produce a fibrin clot that is more resistant to fibrinolysis, which, however, may be counteracted by an increased fibrinolytic potential in plasma.
Differential regional dysfunction of the hippocampal formation among elderly with memory decline and Alzheimer's disease

The hippocampal formation is composed of separate anatomical regions interconnected to form a circuit, and investigating abnormal hippocampal function is most revealing at the level of these regions. Until recently, regional analysis of the hippocampal formation could be performed only in animals or in human postmortem tissue. Here, we report a method using functional magnetic resonance imaging that evaluates the hippocampal regions in vivo, and we use this method to study elderly with normal memory, with isolated memory decline, and with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although age‐related memory decline occurs commonly, the cause of this decline remains unknown, with disagreement as to whether this decline represents one or more etiologies. Analysis revealed two distinct patterns of regional dysfunction among elderly with isolated memory decline—one pattern similar to that found in elders with AD, involving all hippocampal regions, and a second pattern with dysfunction restricted to only one hippocampal region, the subiculum. These results offer direct evidence of hippocampal dysfunction associated with memory decline in the elderly, and implicate both predementia AD and non‐AD processes as possible underlying causes. Ann Neurol 1999;45:466–472
On the stabilization and observation of nonlinear/uncertain dynamic systems

The problem of stabilization and observation of uncertain and/or nonlinear dynamic systems for which matching conditions are not satisfied is investigated. No statistical description of uncertain elements is assumed. The uncertain and/or nonlinear quantities are described only in terms of bounds on their possible sizes. Stabilizing feedback controllers and observers are proposed whose design is based on the constructive use of Lyapunov functions. <<ETX>>
The mechanism of the antipolyuric action of amiloride in lithium–treated rats

Polyuria is a frequent complication in lithium‐treated patients. Amiloride, a potassium sparing diuretic was shown to improve the polyuric effect of lithium in both experimental animals and men. However, the mechanism of this action is debated. In this study, we aimed to differentiate between the two possible mechanisms of this action which were previously suggested by different authors. In lithium‐treated rats with severe polyuria, amiloride administration (1·2 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally, for 1 week) decreased the mean urine volume significantly from a mean of 147·5±16·1 ml/day to 51·7±4·75 ml/day (p<0·05). In this dosage amiloride also decreased the urinary potassium excretion from a mean of 4·01±0·36 mmol/day to 2·49±0·39 mmol/day (p<0·05) with no significant changes in urinary sodium and lithium excretions. There were no significant changes in plasma Na+, K+ and Li+ levels after amiloride consumption. Amiloride also had a protective effect when administered prior to lithium. These results suggest that the effect of amiloride is due to a direct action on distal tubular cells rather than to volume depletion as is seen after thiazide administration. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFIG rotor side control through gain-scheduling designed by genetic algorithm

For the doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), the rotor side control makes possible to control the stator voltage and the rotational speed of the machine. Because the majority of rotor side control strategies do not include the rotor current, in this work it proposes one which is based on the states feedback in order to provide the rotor current control enclosure. The strategy consists in state space modeling of DFIG connected to the grid. The system is linearized for several operation conditions and, from that, feedback gain matrices are computed, one for each condition. The design is done using the genetic algorithms (GA) technique. Thus, it obtains a set of matrices which constitute a nonlinear controller. A gain scheduling mechanism is responsible for the choice of the suitable matrix, what is done from the system condition identification. Transient stability (TS) simulations have been carried out and the results show that the proposed controller makes possible the stabilization, for unstable systems, or stability improvement to a little stable systems. Thus, the transient behavior of the DFIG is improved, inclusively for the rotor current. Besides, it noticed that the gain scheduling makes the controller adaptive, since it showed itself effective for several system conditions.
Hydrodynamic properties of fin whale flippers predict maximum rolling performance

ABSTRACT Maneuverability is one of the most important and least understood aspects of animal locomotion. The hydrofoil-like flippers of cetaceans are thought to function as control surfaces that effect maneuvers, but quantitative tests of this hypothesis have been lacking. Here, we constructed a simple hydrodynamic model to predict the longitudinal-axis roll performance of fin whales, and we tested its predictions against kinematic data recorded by on-board movement sensors from 27 free-swimming fin whales. We found that for a given swimming speed and roll excursion, the roll velocity of fin whales calculated from our field data agrees well with that predicted by our hydrodynamic model. Although fluke and body torsion may further influence performance, our results indicate that lift generated by the flippers is sufficient to drive most of the longitudinal-axis rolls used by fin whales for feeding and maneuvering. Summary: A simple hydrodynamic model predicts fin whale rolling performance.
Content-Based Prediction of Movie Style, Aesthetics, and Affect: Data Set and Baseline Experiments

The affective content of a movie is often considered to be largely determined by its style and aesthetics. Recently, studies have attempted to estimate affective movie content with computational features, but results have been mixed, one of the main reasons being a lack of data on perceptual stylistic and aesthetic attributes of film, which would provide a ground truth for the features. The distinctions between energetic and tense arousal as well as perceived and felt affect are also often neglected. In this study, we present a data set of ratings by 73 viewers of 83 stylistic, aesthetic, and affective attributes for a selection of movie clips containing complete scenes taken from mainstream movies. The affective attributes include the temporal progression of perceived and felt valence and arousal within the clips. The data set is aimed to be used to train algorithms that predict viewer assessments based on low-level computational features. With this data set, we performed a baseline study modeling the relation between a large selection of low-level computational features (i.e., visual, auditory, and temporal) and perceptual stylistic, aesthetic, and affective attributes of movie clips. Two algorithms were compared in a realistic prediction scenario: linear regression and the neural-network-based Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Felt and perceived affect as well as stylistic attributes were shown to be equally easy to predict, whereas the prediction of aesthetic attributes failed. The performance of the ELM predictor was overall found to be slightly better than the linear regression. A feature selection experiment illustrated that features from all low-level computational modalities, visual, auditory and temporal, contribute to the prediction of the affect assessments. We have made our assessment data and extracted computational features publicly available.
Digital jitter-cancellation for narrowband signals

The jitter of the sampling clock imposes a limitation on the maximum dynamic range that can be achieved in A/D and D/A converters. This is due to the fact that the sampled input signal will also be contaminated with the same clock jitter. This paper presents a method to remove jitter from the sampled signal. A clean reference signal is added to the input of the converter to extract clock jitter in the digital domain. After extraction and filtering, the jitter contamination of the desired signal is digitally removed. The jitter cancellation is limited to the jitter content that is closely around the reference carrier frequency. This method is explained mathematically and verified with simulations and measurements.
Diversifying gender: male to female transgender identities and HIV/AIDS programming in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

‘Gender’ is a word that has become part of HIV/AIDS-related vocabulary and conceptual understanding. However, gender and development approaches understand it as denoting only two identities: male and female. Sexuality is likewise assumed to be heterosexuality. This thinking has informed HIV/AIDS prevention strategies worldwide, and the result is to exclude people who differ from these definitions, leaving them at risk of HIV infection. Research in South-East Asia, and specifically Cambodia, reveals the existence of diverse gender and sexual identities. Some innovative work has begun to develop HIV/AIDS prevention activities with individuals whose gender and sexuality defy conventional categories.
A 4‐year follow‐up on bulimia nervosa

Objective Investigation of course and outcome of bulimia nervosa 2.4–6.1 years after completing a short-term integrated group psychotherapy, including research into possible predicting factors. Method Fifty-nine women with the diagnosis bulimia nervosa or sub-threshold bulimia nervosa were invited to participate in a follow-up interview. Results At follow-up, 58 per cent had a good outcome, 14 per cent met full criteria for bulimia nervosa and 28 per cent met the criteria for eating disorder not otherwise specified. Twenty-one per cent of the patients had a good outcome after the first step of the treatment programme. Patients who quickly reduced the number of binges had the best outcome. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Two brothers with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation due to disomy (X)(q12 → q13.3) inherited from the mother

We present the phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular findings in two dysmorphic and mentally retarded brothers with disomy Xq12→q13.3. The mother and the grandmother carry the same rearrangement of the X chromosome, which was interpreted as an inverted insertion of the segment (X)(q12→q13.3) into Xq21.2. The X‐inactivation‐specific‐transcript (XIST) is expressed in the probands' mother but is absent in her son, confirming the hypothesis that X inactivation is realized only if two X inactivation centers reside on different X‐chromosomes (trans‐configuration). In the phenotypically normal mother the aberrant X chromosome was late replicating in all cells, indicating functional monosomy of the constitutional segment trisomy. The phenotype of the brothers is considered to be the consequence of a functional disomy Xq12→q13.3. The trait combination observed in the brothers was compared with the spectrum of clinical and anthropological traits for proximal Xq disomy in males, elaborated by phenotype analyses of the available literature cases.
Enzymology of the Wood–Ljungdahl Pathway of Acetogenesis

The biochemistry of acetogenesis is reviewed. The microbes that catalyze the reactions that are central to acetogenesis are described and the focus is on the enzymology of the process. These microbes play a key role in the global carbon cycle, producing over 10 trillion kilograms of acetic acid annually. Acetogens have the ability to anaerobically convert carbon dioxide and CO into acetyl‐CoA by the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, which is linked to energy conservation. They also can convert the six carbons of glucose stoichiometrically into 3 mol of acetate using this pathway. Acetogens and other anaerobic microbes (e.g., sulfate reducers and methanogens) use the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway for cell carbon synthesis. Important enzymes in this pathway that are covered in this review are pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, CO dehydrogenase/acetyl‐CoA synthase, a corrinoid iron‐sulfur protein, a methyltransferase, and the enzymes involved in the conversion of carbon dioxide to methyl‐tetrahydrofolate.
Mechanisms Responsible for a ΦX174 Mutant's Ability To Infect Escherichia coli by Phosphorylation

ABSTRACT The ability for a virus to expand its host range is dependent upon a successful mode of viral entry. As such, the host range of the well-studied ΦX174 bacteriophage is dictated by the presence of a particular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial surface. The mutant ΦX174 strain JACS-K, unlike its ancestor, is capable of infecting both its native host Escherichia coli C and E. coli K-12, which does not have the necessary LPS. The conversion of an alanine to a very reactive threonine on its virion surface was found to be responsible for the strain's expanded host range.