Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The SAURON project: XV. Modes of star formation in early-type galaxies and the evolution of the red sequence

We combine SAURON integral field data of a representative sample of local early-type, red sequence galaxies with Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera imaging in order to investigate the presence of trace star formation in these systems. With the Spitzer data, we identify galaxies hosting low-level star formation, as traced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, with measured star formation rates that compare well to those estimated from other tracers. This star formation proceeds according to established scaling relations with molecular gas content, in surface density regimes characteristic of disc galaxies and circumnuclear starbursts. We find that star formation in early-type galaxies happens exclusively in fast-rotating systems and occurs in two distinct modes. In the first, star formation is a diffuse process, corresponding to widespread young stellar populations and high molecular gas content. The equal presence of co- and counter-rotating components in these systems strongly implies an external origin for the star-forming gas, and we argue that these star formation events may be the final stages of (mostly minor) mergers that build up the bulges of red sequence lenticulars. In the second mode of star formation, the process is concentrated into well-defined disc or ring morphologies, outside of which the host galaxies exhibit uniformly evolved stellar populations. This implies that these star formation events represent rejuvenations within previously quiescent stellar systems. Evidence for earlier star formation events similar to these in all fast-rotating early-type galaxies suggests that this mode of star formation may be common to all such galaxies, with a duty cycle of roughly 1/10, and likely contributes to the embedded, corotating inner stellar discs ubiquitous in this population.
On the Benefits of Distributed Populations for Noisy Optimization

While in the absence of noise, no improvement in local performance can be gained from retaining but the best candidate solution found so far, it has been shown experimentally that in the presence of noise, operating with a non-singular population of candidate solutions can have a marked and positive effect on the local performance of evolution strategies. So as to determine the reasons for the improved performance, we study the evolutionary dynamics of the -ES in the presence of noise. Considering a simple, idealized environment, a moment-based approach that utilizes recent results involving concomitants of selected order statistics is developed. This approach yields an intuitive explanation for the performance advantage of multi-parent strategies in the presence of noise. It is then shown that the idealized dynamic process considered does bear relevance to optimization problems in high-dimensional search spaces.
Creativity and Academic Achievement: An Investigation of Gender Differences

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relation between creativity and academic achievement, in particular, to see if this relation might be different for boys and girls. The 2 research questions were (a) What is the relation between different aspects of creativity and different subject areas of academic achievement? , and (6) Are there any differences for boys and girls in terms of the relation between different aspects of creativity and different subject areas of academic achievement? The students were from 68 schools randomly selected from the Basque County, Spain. Among these 2,264 students, 38% were boys and 62% were girls. Three creativity batteries, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance & Ball, 1984), the Abedi-Schumacher Creativity Test (CT; O'Neil, Abedi, & Spielberger, 1994), and the Villa and Auzmendi Creativity Test (VAT Auzmendi, Villa, & Abedi, 1996), were administered to the students. Teachers were also asked to rate students' creativity. Academic achieve.
Role of viral infectivity in the induction of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells

This report examines the requirement for infectious virus in the induction of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Infectious influenza virus was found to be highly efficient at generating both primary and secondary cytotoxic T-cell response in vivo. Inactivated influenza virus however, failed to stimulate a detectable cytotoxic T- cell response in vivo even at immunizing doses 10(5)-10(6)-fold higher than the minimum stimulatory dose of infectious virus. Likewise inactivated virus failed to sensitize target cells for T cell-mediated lysis in vitro but could stimulate a specific cytotoxic response from primed cells in vitro. Possible requirements for the induction of virus- specific cytotoxic T-cell responses are discussed in light of these observations and those of other investigators.
Effects of Transferring to STEM-Focused Charter and Magnet Schools on Student Achievement

ABSTRACT There have been strong calls to action in recent years to promote both school choice and the learning of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This has led to the burgeoning development of STEM-focused schools. Nine STEM-focused charter and 2 STEM-focused magnet schools that serve elementary-aged students were examined to assess the achievement of students who transfer to these schools, as compared to students transferring to non-STEM schools, in the content areas of mathematics, language arts, and reading. The achievement of students transferring to STEM-focused elementary schools was also evaluated after 3 years at their new school and compared both to students’ own prior achievement at their old school and to achievement of students comprising comparison groups. Results generally indicated no effect of STEM-focused magnet schools, but did indicate some positive effects of STEM-focused charter schools.
Impact of opportunistic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the phenotype of peripheral blood T cells of AIDS patients

While the detrimental consequences of opportunistic tuberculosis (TB) in the course and outcome of HIV‐1 infection are well studied, little information about the impact of the mycobacterial infection on the phenotype of T lymphocytes is available. In this study we analyzed by cytofluorimetry the peripheral blood T cell phenotype of 13 patients with AIDS, 23 HIV‐1 negative patients with active pulmonary TB, nine HIV‐1/Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfected individuals, and 21 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. CD4+ T cells were equally depleted in AIDS and coinfection (P<0.001). The findings suggest a rescuing effect of the added mycobacterial infection. CD3 T cell loss was not observed in coinfection, whereas it was severe in AIDS (P<0.001). Similar (albeit less striking) effects were observed with other markers (CD45RA, CD45RO, and CD27) that were diminished in CD4+ T cells of AIDS patients. Apparent detrimental effects of the added mycobacterial infection were the increased expression of the proapoptotic molecule CD95 on CD4+ T cells, and decreased expression of the major costimulatory molecule CD28 on CD8+ T cells. In this work we show that M. tuberculosis infection modifies the T cell phenotype of the HIV‐1 infected individual. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:80–80, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revising Social Studies Text from a Text-Processing Perspective: Evidence of Improved Comprehensibility.

THE PURPOSE of the present study was to use a cognitive processing perspective to revise fifthgrade social studies texts, to describe those revisions, and to demonstrate their effects empirically. Four segments of text from a U.S. textbook about the period leading to the American Revolution and their revised counterparts were presented to 85 fourthand fifth-grade students. Students were presented with the text materials in individual sessions with an examiner and were asked to recall what they had read and to answer questions on the material. Students who read the revised text recalled more material and answered more questions correctly than students who read the original text. Differences in understanding between the two groups were also captured in qualitative analyses of recall protocols and question responses related to specific ideas in the text. Overall, the effects of the revisions demonstrate that a text-processing approach to creating comprehensible text is a viable one. Furthermore, the description of revision goes beyond how revisions have been described in past research by exposing the reasoning underlying the identification of problems and the changes made.
Neural Mechanisms of Anaphoric Reference Revealed by fMRI

Pronouns are bound to their antecedents by matching syntactic and semantic information. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging study was to localize syntactic and semantic information retrieval and integration during pronoun resolution. Especially we investigated their possible interaction with verbal working memory manipulated by distance between antecedent and pronoun. We disentangled biological and syntactic gender information using German sentences about persons (biological/syntactic gender) or things (syntactic gender) followed by congruent or incongruent pronouns. Increasing the distance between pronoun and antecedent resulted in a short and a long distance condition. Analysis revealed a language related network including inferior frontal regions bilaterally (integration), left anterior and posterior temporal regions (lexico-semantics and syntactic retrieval) and the anterior cingulate gyrus (conflict resolution) involved in pronoun resolution. Activities within the inferior frontal region were driven by Congruency (incongruent > congruent) and Distance (long > short). Temporal regions were sensitive to Distance and Congruency (but solely within long distant conditions). Furthermore, anterior temporal regions were sensitive to the antecedent type with an increased activity for person pronouns compared to thing pronouns. We suggest that activity modulations within these areas reflect the integration process of an appropriate antecedent which depends on the type of information that has to be retrieved (lexico-syntactic posterior temporal, lexico-semantics anterior temporal). It also depends on the overall syntactic and semantic complexity of long distant sentences. The results are interpreted in the context of the memory–unification-control model for sentence comprehension as proposed by Vosse and Kempen (2000), Hagoort (2005), and Snijders et al. (2009).
Investigating the effects of strategy use and second language test performance with high- and low-ability test takers: a structural equation modelling approach

Implicit in the research on strategy use is the notion that high- and low-ability language learners utilize strategies differently and that these differences are related to differential performance; however, to date, no study has tested these assumptions statistically. This study uses structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the relationships between strategy use and second language test performance (SLTP) with high- and low-ability test takers. 1,382 test takers were given strategy questionnaires and a language test, and separate baseline models of strategy use and SLTP were established for each group. These models were then estimated simultaneously with cross-group equality constraints imposed. The similarities and differences in this multi-group model provided the means for evaluating the viability of the parameter estimates across ability levels. The results showed that the metacognitive strategy use (MSU) and SLTP models produced almost identical factorial structures for each group, while the cognitive strategy use (CSU) models were somewhat different. Then, while some evidence of cross-group equivalence was observed, the cross-group tests of invariance could not be uniformly supported in the data; the effect of MSU on CSU was found to be variant across the groups, as was the effect of the retrieval processes on lexico-grammatical ability, suggesting that the variation in lexico-grammatical ability and reading ability stems from the test takers’ use of the retrieval processes in concert with the metacognitive strategies.
Homologous interference of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: detection and measurement of interference focus-forming units

Lymphocytic choriomeninigitis (LCM) virus defective interfering (DI) particles form foci of protected cells in a monolayer under an agarose-containing overlay medium. Foci originate from one cell dually infected with at least 1 interference focus-forming unit and infectious virus. As a result, an interfering factor is produced and released which interacts with neighboring cells, thereby protecting them against cytopathic lysis by challenge virus. The property of individual LCM virus DI particles to induce countable foci has been made the basis of quantitative assay that is comparable in every respect to the plaque assay of infectious virus and is much more sensitive and probably more accurate than other procedures used to measure LCM virus DI particles. LCM virus was passaged, undiluted, 10 times in cell cultures. When yields were analyzed as to concentrations of PFU and interference focus-forming units, both entities were found to fluctuate with the pattern expected from theoretical considerations.
Communication delay guarantee for IEEE 802.11p/wave Vehicle networks with RSU control

The standard 802.11p/wave provides communication facilities to many vehicle applications. The safety application for vehicle collision avoidance is one of the most attractive issues for industrial and research concerns. However, medium access protocols proposed by standards and research works are not dedicated to this kind of real time applications. A deterministic medium access is needed to guarantee communication delay constraints. Thus, we propose an extension of the CSMA/CA medium access defined in the standard. It is an enhancement of the collision resolution procedure to be deterministic. An infrastructure with Road Side Units (RSUs) is used to manage the secured zone. It is also to complete and control communication for collision detection approach. This new protocol has the main advantage of low bandwidth utilization, low latency and deterministic communication. We have also proposed a worst case analysis model to predict communication delay in order to verify the real time constraints. Simulations are made to perform the efficiency of our protocol relative to other ones.
HANDEDNESS AND THE LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF CONVERSION REACTIONS

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the observation of Ferenczi and Purves-Stewart that conversion reactions occur with higher frequency on the left side of the body than on the right side could be confirmed. Both right-handed and left-handed patients experienced a higher proportion of left-sided symptoms (weakness or paralysis; sensory loss or numbness) than would be expected by chance, indicating a lack of support for the hypothesis that unilateral conversion symptoms occur most frequently on the most “convenient” (nondominant) side of the body. These findings and prior reports of left-sided lateralization of psychogenic pain were interpreted as support for the hypothesis that the right cerebral hemisphere is particularly involved in the mediation of affectively or motivationally determined somatic symptoms. The question of a possible link between these results and certain symptoms of disease of the right hemisphere was raised.
Sociocultural Attitudes and Symptoms of Bulimia: Evaluating the SATAQ with Diverse College Groups.

This study evaluated the utility of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ; L. J. Heinberg, J. K. Thompson, & S. Stormer, 1995) for the assessment of diverse college groups, including men, women, minorities, and sorority members. Scores from the SATAQ were compared with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2; D. M. Garner, 1991) for a sample of 405 college students at a large midwestern university. Significant group differences were observed on the scales assessing awareness of sociocultural pressures to be thin and internalization of these attitudes. These scores were highest among the Caucasian women, Caucasian sorority, and Hispanic sorority groups. However, construct validity was only demonstrated for the Internalization scale and was strongest for the Caucasian women, suggesting that sociocultural awareness may hold unique meaning for diverse groups. The need for the development of more specific measures assessing sociocultural pressures, internalization, and the implications for counseling psychologists is discussed.
Police and the War on Women: A Gender-Linked Examination Behind and In Front of the Blue Curtain

The war on women was a term coined during the 2012 election cycle that referred to attempts to pass legislation that would limit women's rights, from control of women's bodies (with a particular focus on birth control, abortion, and the aftereffects of rape) to equal pay for women and their rights in the workforce (M. E. Gilman, 2014). One arena in which evidence of such a war's impact on women may be assessed is behind and in front of the blue curtain of policing. To what extent, then, does policing reflect culture that supports and facilitates a war on women? We review arrest trends for female offenders, discuss police responses to crimes against women, and examine policies and practices that may improve understanding of the criminal justice system's role in this war. We find evidence of changes in police perspectives, actions, and policies toward women as perpetrators and victims of crime. Specifically, at the same time that police undertook more aggressive enforcement efforts against certain types of female offenders, resulting in trends for women that were often the reverse of those for men, there was an absence of similar attention to laws and policies protecting women as victims.
Multivariate Genetic Analysis of Academic Skills of the Queensland Core Skills Test and IQ Highlight the Importance of Genetic g

Abstract This study examined the genetic and environmental relationships among 5 academic achievement skills of a standardized test of academic achievement, the Queensland Core Skills Test (QCST; Queensland Studies Authority, 2003a). QCST participants included 182 monozygotic pairs and 208 dizygotic pairs (mean 17 years ± 0.4 standard deviation). IQ data were included in the analysis to correct for ascertainment bias. A genetic general factor explained virtually all genetic variance in the component academic skills scores, and accounted for 32% to 73% of their phenotypic variances. It also explained 56% and 42% of variation in Verbal IQ and Performance IQ respectively, suggesting that this factor is genetic g. Modest specific genetic effects were evident for achievement in mathematical problem solving and written expression. A single common factor adequately explained common environmental effects, which were also modest, and possibly due to assortative mating. The results suggest that general academic ability, derived from genetic influences and to a lesser extent common environmental influences, is the primary source of variation in component skills of the QCST.
Inhibition of the PI3K–Akt and mTORC1 signaling pathways promotes the elongation of vascular endothelial cells

ABSTRACT Endothelial cell morphology needs to be properly regulated during angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces endothelial cell elongation, which promotes sprouting of pre-existing vessels. However, therapeutic angiogenesis using VEGF has been hampered by side effects such as elevated vascular permeability. Here, we attempted to induce endothelial cell elongation without an overdose of VEGF. By screening a library of chemical inhibitors, we identified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt pathway inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors as potent inducers of endothelial cell elongation. The elongation required VEGF at a low concentration, which was insufficient to elicit the same effect by itself. The elongation also depended on Foxo1, a transcription factor indispensable for angiogenesis. Interestingly, the Foxo1 dependency of the elongation was overridden by inhibition of mTORC1, but not by PI3K–Akt, under stimulation by a high concentration of VEGF. Dual inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 failed to induce cell elongation, revealing mTORC2 as a positive regulator of elongation. Our findings suggest that the PI3K–Akt–Foxo1 and mTORC1–mTORC2 pathways differentially regulate endothelial cell elongation, depending on the microenvironmental levels of VEGF. Summary: PI3K–Akt and mTORC1 inhibitors induce angiogenic elongation of vascular endothelial cells without an excessive VEGF stimulation.
A multidimensional scaling analysis of the Hare PCL-R: Unfolding the structure of psychopathy

Abstract Recent studies examining the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) have argued for a range of factorial solutions to describe and explain the dimensions of psychopathy. This study details an empirical analysis of North American PCL-R data for 4630 male offenders, using multidimensional scaling (MDS) as a non-linear alternative to factor analysis. The emergent structure of Hare's psychopathy psychometric can be interpreted in more than one way and at different levels of specificity. The multidimensional scalograms reveal a set of facets consistent with the two- and four-factor solutions that emerge from the same data. Equally the structure of the PCL-R can be interpreted through personality theory as a set of core traits and behavioural manifestations, consistent with an evolutionary basis for psychopathic tendencies. These analyses provide support for a multidimensional structure within the PCL-R, and suggest that psychopathy can be viewed as an extreme variant of multiple dimensions of personality.
Rhetorical Work in the Age of Content Management

Drawing on a survey of the content management (CM) discourse, the author highlights CM trends and articulates best practices in content strategy that CM thought leaders are helping organizations adopt. These trends and practices are changing the nature and location of rhetorical work in organizations that produce intelligent content. In these contexts, rhetorical work is located primarily in the complex activity of building content strategy frameworks that govern text-making activities. The author highlights the need for a praxis-based collaborative model for technical communication education and research, and she offers some preliminary considerations for ways that the field might move in this direction.
Division of the articulatory loop according to sensory modality using double dissociation

According to Wilson and Fox (2007), working memory for gestures has the same characteristics as the phonological loop. The purpose of our research was to determine whether there is a common articulatory loop for verbal and gestural learning. We carried out two double dissociation experiments. The first involved 84 participants who had to reproduce a series of three gestures under three conditions: control, gestural interference (repeated gestures) and verbal interference (repeated “blah blah”). A significant difference in performance was observed; gestural interference resulted in the weakest performance, while there was no difference between the verbal interference condition and the control group. The second experiment, with 30 participants, involved the memorisation of letters and digits; performance was significantly affected by verbal interference but there was no difference between the gestural interference condition and the control group. The consequences of the dissociations are discussed in relation to Baddeley's (2000) model.