Protective Role of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium in the Infarcted Myocardium: The Potential Role of Selected Cytokines

This study examines the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned (CM) medium on heart tissue after induced myocardial infarction (MI). New Zealand White Rabbits were divided: MI, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (300 μl), CM(300 μl) and Control. Echocardiography was applied, and the levels ofIL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α were analyzed using ELISA. All tests were done 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery. Histological studies were done 8 weeks after surgery. CM group showed a significant improvement in cardiac function. The level of IL-6 increased significantly in all weeks after surgery in CM. While the level of TNF-α increased remarkebly in CM group in 4th week. TGF-β decreased significantly in CM group at all the times. Histological findings confirmed the tissue protection effect of CM. In conclusion, our results support the protective role of CM through its paracrine effects on the MI-induced heart. *Corresponding Author: Nahid Aboutaleb Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +989123856305 Email: dr_nabo40@yahoo.com Received: August 29, 2016 Accepted: October 22, 2016 Published: October 26, 2016 Citation: Amirfarhangi A, Dezfouli MG, Abarkar M, Rakhshan K, Aboutaleb N, et al., (2016) Protective Role of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium in the Infarcted Myocardium: The Potential Role of Selected Cytokines. Int J Stem Cell Res Transplant. 4(8), 243-250. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.19070/2328-3548-1600037 Copyright: Aboutaleb N© 2016. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of heart failure which eventually leads to myocardial cell injury and death. It occurs as a result of cardiomyocytes death resulting in loss of viable myocytes [1]. Following MI, due to inflammatory response, the death cells are removed and replaced by fibrous scar [2]. During this process, various cytokines are produced which perform an important role in restoration of myocardial structure [3]. Moreover, since cytokines change in heart diseases, the recovery rate after treatment can be indicated by measuring the level of cytokines [4]. Cytokines are regarded as an autocrine and/or paracrine factors which can induce various biological responses. Some of heart diseases are associated with cytokine activation leading to affecting different physiologic parameters; for example cardiac mechanical function [5]. Considering the critical role of inflammation in tissue repair process, by interfering in these paths, we can decrease the heart cell injury and improve the tissue repair. Even in common treatments such as β-adrenergic blockers, the inflammatory cascades are interfered; that is, TNF-α and TNF-α 1 and 2 are decreased [6, 7]. However, several studies have shown the complicated functions of cytokine; therefore, it is difficult to anticipate the therapeutic effects of cytokines. In spite of the fact that various kinds of treatment options have developed, the lost cardiomyocyte mass has failed to be replaced with new contractile cells. Due to the limited ability of self-regeneration of heart cells, gene-and cell-based therapeutic approaches have been introduced [8]. In the recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have widely applied for the treatment of variety of diseases such as cancer [9], brain [10], lung [11] and liver diseases [12]. They also have generated a great amount of interests for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Due to secretion of various specific cytokines, MSCs have had different clinical applications in recent years, which one of them is their application in treatment of myocardial infarction. The goal of this method is modulating of cytokines responses