Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEC in Twin Pregnancies: Incidence and Outcomes

Background: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in neonates. Previously established risk factors for the development of NEC include prematurity and low birth weight. However, it is not clear to date as to whether the etiology of NEC is due to host, environmental, or yet other unknown factors. We analyzed the differences in incidence of NEC in twin pregnancies to further clarify its etio-pathogenesis. Methods: After IRB approval, a retrospective search of the medical records of the Department of Pediatric Surgery was done to identify all the neonates treated for surgical NEC from 2006-2013. Patients that had been treated for NEC elsewhere and subsequently transferred in to our facility were excluded. The medical records of the resulting 45 patients were then analyzed for demographics, antenatal screening, risk factors, treatment (medical and surgical), and outcomes. The resulting data was then analyzed using relative risk calculations and standard statistical tests. Results: Of the 45 patients who developed surgical NEC, 9 neonates (20%) were born of a twin pregnancy. There were no cases in which both twin A and twin B developed NEC. NEC in twin pregnancy neonates showed a female preponderance (p less than 0.0001) and developed universally in the first born of the twins. Birth weight, time of onset of NEC, hospital stay and mortality were similar between twin and non-twin NEC. There was an average lead-time of three weeks to development of NEC in both singletons and twin pregnancies. Conclusion: There is a remarkable higher incidence of NEC amongst twins. Abnormal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract appears to be an immediate postpartum event. NEC in twin pregnancy does not appear to have a deleterious outcome compared to NEC in singleton pregnancy.
Detection of EBV, HBV, HCV, HIV-1, HTLV-I and -II, and SMRV in Human and Other Primate Cell Lines

The high prevalence of contaminated cell cultures suggests that viral contaminations might be distributed among cultures. We investigated more than 460 primate cell lines for Epstein-Barr (EBV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus I and II (HTLV-I/-II), and squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV) infections for risk assessment. None of the cell lines were infected with HCV, HIV-1, or HTLV-I/-II. However, one cell line displayed reverse transcriptase activity. Thirty-nine cell lines harbored EBV DNA sequences. Studies on the lytic phase of EBV revealed that five cell lines produce EBV particles and six further cell lines produced EBV upon stimulation. One cell line contained an integrated HBV genome fragment but showed no virus production. Six cell lines were SMRV-infected. Newly established cell lines should be tested for EBV infections to detect B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL). B-LCLs established with EBV from cell line B95-8 should be tested for SMRV infections.
Headline extraction based on a combination of uni- and multidocument summarization techniques

The TNO system for multi-document summarisation is based on an extraction approach. For headline generation, we chose to extend our system to extract the most informative topical noun phrase. The cluster topic is defined as the most frequent term occurring in the most salient document sentences. The core of our system is a probabilistic model, which estimates the log-odds of salience based on a number of features including sentence position, sentence length, cue phrases and a language model based content score. The parameters of the model were estimated on annotated training data.
An Optimal Lower Bound for Monotonicity Testing over Hypergrids

For positive integers n, d, consider the hypergrid [n] d with the coordinate-wise product partial ordering denoted by ≺. A function f: [n] d → ℕ is monotone if ∀ x ≺ y, f(x) ≤ f(y). A function f is e-far from monotone if at least an e-fraction of values must be changed to make f monotone. Given a parameter e, a monotonicity tester must distinguish with high probability a monotone function from one that is e-far.
When do job demands particularly predict burnout? The moderating role of job resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on home care organization employees, and examine how the interaction between job demands (emotional demands, patient harassment, workload, and physical demands) and job resources (autonomy, social support, performance feedback, and opportunities for professional development) affect the core dimensions of burnout (exhaustion and cynicism). Design/methodology/approach – Hypotheses were tested with a cross-sectional design among 747 Dutch employees from two home care organizations. Findings – Results of moderated structural equation modeling analyses partially supported the hypotheses as 21 out of 32 (66 per cent) possible two-way interactions were signiﬁcant and in the expected direction. In addition, job resources were stronger buffers of the relationship between emotional demands/patient harassment and burnout, than of the relationship between workload/physical demands and burnout. Practical implications – The conclusions may be particularly useful for occupational settings, including home care organizations, where reducing or redesigning demands is difﬁcult. Originality/value – The ﬁndings conﬁrm the JD-R model by showing that several job resources can buffer the relationship between job demands and burnout.
Employment, Individualization and Insecurity: Rethinking the Risk Society Perspective

German sociologist Ulrich Beck maintains that economic, technological and environmental transitions have radically reshaped employment relations in Western Europe. Whilst theories of employment transformation are historically ubiquitous, Beck's contribution is rather unique. Utilising risk as a lens through which subterranean shifts in employment, the economy and society can be visualised, Beck's work has been heralded as a significant theoretical landmark. The risk society perspective emphasizes the diffusion of two interlinked macro-social processes. Firstly, Beck identifies a sweeping process of individualization which recursively generates personal insecurity and reflexive decision-making. Secondly, changes in the relationship between capital and labour are said to have facilitated an underlying shift in the pattern of social distribution. This paper scrutinises Beck's understanding of these two processes, as a means of developing a broader critique of the risk society perspective. Theoretically, it will be argued that Beck deploys unsophisticated and artificial categories, amalgamates disparate forms of risk and compacts together diverse employment experiences. Empirically, the paper demonstrates that – far from being directed by a universal axis of risk – labour market inequalities follow the grooves etched by traditional forms of stratification.
Social support and the incidence and persistence of depression between antenatal and postnatal examinations in Turkey: a cohort study

Objectives This study aims to measure incidence and persistence of depression and to investigate the influence of self-reported antenatal social support and traditional/nuclear family structure on incidence and persistence of depression between the third trimester of pregnancy and following childbirth. We hypothesised that lower antenatal social support would be associated with incidence and persistence of case-level depressive symptoms and the family structure would have an effect on the incidence and persistence of depressive symptoms. Settings The cohort study described here was carried out in and around Ankara the capital of Turkey, because of the considerable heterogeneity of the population in terms of traditional Middle Eastern and ‘modern’ Western lifestyle and social environment. Samples were drawn from 20 urban and rural antenatal clinics (mainly primary care settings) within the geographic catchment. Participants Of 730 women recruited in their third trimester, 578 (79.2%) were re-examined between 2 and 6 months after childbirth. Exclusion criteria were as follows: aged younger than 18 years, illiteracy, significant health problems and refusal to participate. Primary and secondary outcome measures Close Persons Questionnaire items enquired about relationships with the husband, mother and mother-in-law and depression was ascertained using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at the each assessments. Results In those followed, onset of postnatal depression occurred in 13.9% and persistence of antenatal depression in 49.7%. After adjustment, worse emotional support from the mother-in-law was significantly associated with postnatal depression incidence (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99) and worse emotional support from the husband with postnatal persistence (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96) of antenatal depression. Family structure was not a risk or modifying factor. Conclusions The incidence and persistence of postnatal depression in this Middle Eastern cohort were comparable to international findings. Certain family relationships predicted incidence and persistence of postnatal depression but no role of traditional/nuclear family structure was found.
Handbook of environmental psychology

SECTION I: SHARPENING THEORIES. The Increasing Contexts in the Study of Environment Behavior Relations (S. Wapner & J. Demick). The Ethical Imperative (L. Rivlin). Environmental Psychology: From Spatial-Physical Environment to Sustainable Development (M. Bonnes & M. Bonaiuto). Environmental Management: A Perspective from Environmental Psychology (E. Pol). The New Environmental Psychology: The Human Interdependence Paradigm (T. Garling, et al.). The Phenomenological Approach to People-Environment Studies (C. Graumann). Ecological Psychology: Historical Contexts, Current Conception, Prospective Directions (A. Wicker). SECTION II: SHARPENING LINKS TO OTHER DISCIPLINES. Exploring Pathology: Relationships between Clinical and Environmental Psychology (K. Anthony & N. Watkins). Environmental Anthropology (E. Liebow). Environmental Sociology (R. Dunlap). Environmental Psychophysiology (R. Parsons & L. Tassinary). Environmental Psychology and Urban Planning: Where Can the Twain Meet? (A. Churchman). SECTION III: SHARPENING METHODS. Transactionally Oriented Research: Examples and Strategies (C. Werner, et al.). Meta-Analysis (A. Stamps). The Experience Sampling Method: Measuring the Context and Content of Lives (J. Hektner & M. Csikszentmihalyi). The Open Door of GIS (R. Golledge). Structural Equation Modeling (V. Corral-Verdugo). Spatial Structure of Environment and Behavior (J. Peponis & J. Wineman). Behavioral-Based Architectural Programming (R. Hershberger). Postoccupancy Evaluation: Issues and Implementation (C. Zimring). SECTION IV: SHARPENING APPLICATION. Making a Difference: Some Ways Environmental Psychology Has Improved the World (R. Gifford). Bridging the Gap: How Scientists Can Make a Difference (F. Kuo). Women and Environment (K. Franck). Children's Environment (K. Korpela). Design and Dementia (K. Day & M. Calkins). Healthy Residential Environments (R. Lawrence). Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED): Yes, No, Maybe, Unknowable, and All of the Above (R. Taylor). Wayfinding: A Broad View (J. Carpman & M. Grant). Work Environments (J. McCoy). Environmental Psychology in Museums, Zoos, and Other Exhibition Centers (S. Bitgood). Climate, Weather, and Crime (J. Rotton & E. Cohn). Noise Pollution: A Hazard to Physical and Mental Well-Being (A. Bronzaft). The History and Future of Disaster Research (L. Peek & D. Mileti). The Challenge of Increasing Proenvironment Behavior (E. Geller). Emerging Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives on Conservation Behavior (J. Vining & A. Ebreo). Contamination: The Invisible Built Environment (M. Edelstein). Environmental Conflict and Its Resolution (T. d'Estree, et al.). A Methodology of Participatory Planning (L. Horelli). Sustained Participation: A Community Based Approach to Addressing Environmental Problems (E. Wiesenfeld & E. Sanchez). SECTION V: THE FUTURE. Personal Space in a Digital Age (R. Sommer). Toward an Environmental Psychology of the Internet (D. Stokols & M. Montero). On to Mars! (R. Bechtel). Author Index. Subject Index.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND PRESCRIPTION Antidepressant drug use in general practice : inter-practice variation and association with practice characteristics

Objective: The use of antidepressants (ADs) has escalated and prompted considerable debate. Many depressed patients go unrecognised or under-treated and the area of indication of the new ADs is widening. The aim of this study was to analyse (i) the variation in general practitioners’ prescribing of ADs by comparing with prescribing of other drug groups and (ii) whether the general prescribing behaviour, practice activity and demography are associated with the AD prescribing. Methods: Analysis of AD prescribing patterns among 174 general practices (93.5%) in the County of Funen, Denmark. Ageand sex-standardised 1-year incidences and prevalences of AD prescribing for patients listed were calculated using individual prescription data from Odense University Pharmacoepidemiologic Database. Data about health services and practice demography were obtained from the Health Insurance Register. The variation in AD 1-year prevalence was compared with other drug groups by a variation index (90%/10% percentile). Univariate linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between practice characteristics and prescribing. Results: The 1-year prevalence of AD prescribing varied sixfold, no more than the prevalence of five other drug groups. Practices with high yearly: general prescribing prevalence, mean number of drugs per medicated patient, number of surgery consultations/100 patients and counsellings/100 surgery consultations showed the highest yearly prevalence of AD prescribing. Single-handed practices had higher AD prescribing rates than partnerships. The relative use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and other new ADs showed only little variation (10% and 90% percentiles as close as 66–86%), but practices with high 1-year prevalence and incidence most often chose the new ADs. Conclusion: Analysis of inter-practice variation showed no extraordinary quality problems with regard to AD prescribing, but does not exclude that there might be problems. The general prescribing pattern of the general practitioners seems essential to their attitude to AD prescribing. The relationship between counselling and prescribing was a feature specific to ADs and deserves further investigation. Quality indicators are needed to understand differences in AD prescribing, and studies based on prescription data have to be supplemented with individual clinical data.
TET Methylcytosine Oxidases in T Cell and B Cell Development and Function

DNA methylation is established by DNA methyltransferases and is a key epigenetic mark. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are enzymes that oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidization products (oxi-mCs), which indirectly promote DNA demethylation. Here, we provide an overview of the effect of TET proteins and altered DNA modification status in T and B cell development and function. We summarize current advances in our understanding of the role of TET proteins and 5hmC in T and B cells in both physiological and pathological contexts. We describe how TET proteins and 5hmC regulate DNA modification, chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and transcriptional networks and discuss potential underlying mechanisms and open questions in the field.
Grandfamilies--Grandchildren raised by Grandparents: Impact on students and school services

OF DISSERTATION GRANDFAMILIES--GRANDCHILDREN RAISED BY GRANDPARENTS: IMPACT ON STUDENTS AND SCHOOL SERVICES by Oliver Wayne Edwards Florida International University, 1998 Miami, Florida Professor Peter J. Cistone, Major Professor Historically, some grandparents have had to assume the responsibility for raising their grandchildren. More recently, with increasing frequency grandparents are serving as full-time surrogate parents to their grandchildren. The term "grandfamily" was coined by this researcher to identify families where children are raised by grandparents. "Supergrands" are the grandparents and "grandkin" are children in these families. Supergrands who raise their grandkin tend to have elevated levels of stress that negatively impact their well-being.
Seasonal and pandemic influenza surveillance considerations for constructing multicomponent systems

Abstract Surveillance for influenza is essential for the selection of influenza vaccine components and detection of human infections with novel influenza A viruses that may signal the start of a pandemic. Virologic surveillance provides the foundation from which this information can be obtained. However, morbidity and mortality data are needed to better understand the burden of disease, which, in turn, can provide useful information for policy makers relevant to the allocation of resources for prevention and control efforts. Data on the impact of influenza can be used to identify groups at increased risk for severe influenza‐related complications, develop prevention and control policies, and monitor the effect of these policies. Influenza surveillance systems frequently monitor outpatient illness, hospitalizations, and deaths, but selection of influenza surveillance components should be based on the surveillance goals and objectives of the jurisdiction.
Juvenile Justice: A Guide to Theory, Policy, and Practice

Preface 1. Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective Juvenile Justice Historically Continuing Dilemmas in Juvenile Justice Summary Critical Thinking Questions Selected Readings 2. Defining and Measuring Offenses By and Against Juveniles Legal Definitions Behavioral Definitions Official Statistics: Sources and Problems Unofficial Sources of Data Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 3. Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders Social Factors Physical Factors Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 4. Theories of Causation Scientific Theory Some Early Theories Biological Theories Psychological Theories Sociological Theories Conflict and Radical/Critical/Marxist Theories Integrated Theories Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 5. Purpose and Scope of Juvenile Court Acts Purpose Scope Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 6. Juvenile Justice Procedures Rights of Juveniles Bail Taking Into Custody Interrogation The Detention Hearing Detention/Shelter Care The Preliminary Conference The Petition Notification The Adjudicatory Hearing The Social Background Investigation The Dispostional Hearing Appeals Summary Critical Thinking Questions Suggested Readings 7. Juveniles and the Police Police Discretion in Encounters with Juveniles Unofficial Procedures Official Procedures Training and Competence of Juvenile Officers Police/School Consultant and Liaison Programs Community-Oriented Policing and Juveniles Police and Juvenile Court Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 8. Key Figures in Juvenile Court Proceedings The Prosecutor Defense Counsel The Relationship Between the Prosecutor and the Defense Counsel - Adversary or Cooperative The Juvenile Court Judge The Juvenile Court Probation Officer Children and Family Services Personnel Court-Appointed Special Advocates Training and Competence of Juvenile Court Personnel Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 9. Prevention and Diversion Programs Prevention Diversion Programs Some Examples of Prevention and Diversion Programs Some Criticisms Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Programs Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 10. Dispositional Alternatives Probation Foster Homes Treatment Centers Juvenile Corrections The Dilemmas of Juvenile Corrections Capital Punishment and Youthful Offenders Some Possible Solutions Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 11. Child Abuse and Neglect Physical Abuse Child Neglect Emotional Abuse of Children Sexual Abuse of Children Intervention Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 12. Violent Youths and Gangs Violent Youths Firearms and Juvenile Violence Gangs Response of Justice Network to Gangs Public, Legislative, and Judicial Reaction Alternatives to Incarceration for Violent Juveniles Summary Critical Thinking Exercises Suggested Readings 13. The Future of Juvenile Justice Suggested Readings Appendix
Believing Is Seeing: Fixation Duration Predicts Implicit Negative Attitudes

A prototypical finding of social cognition is that social experiences influence later performance even though those experiences are not introspectively available. Building on social cognition research on implicit attitudes, we evaluate whether ethnic category/attribute pairs influence eye movements during the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz 1998). Results show that fixation duration predicted implicit attitudes such that when the category/attribute pairs disconfirmed one's implicit negative attitude fixation duration toward that pair increased. The present research provides evidence that eye movements and implicit processes inherent in the IAT are more broadly connected than previously thought.
IT USE AND LEISURE TIME DISPLACEMENT

A major concern about new technologies like information technology (IT) is how much they impact existing media and behaviour, particularly in reducing time on these behaviours. The present article first examines whether Internet users report spending less time on various leisure (and non-leisure) activities. It uses data from three separate national surveys about the public's leisure participation: (1) estimate data from the SPPA2008; (2) single-day diary data from the 2003–2007 American Time Use Survey; and (3) weekly diary data from the 2000 National Survey of Parents to examine whether users of IT participate less in various leisure activities, perhaps as a function of substituting IT use for participating more actively. First, the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) estimate data show that users and heavier IT users are also more active in a variety of other free time activities such as movies, volunteering and sports. Moreover, the relation continues to hold after education (the major predictor of leisure participation), income, age and other predictors of leisure activity are controlled. However, both daily and weekly diary data show far less if any difference, and the lack of parallel results from these diary studies raises questions about whether the SPPA correlations result from a ‘response set’ of respondents overestimating their activity participation. Nonetheless, there still seems no solid evidence that IT leads to notable decreases in social life, media use or other ways of spending both free time and non-leisure time, as claimed in the three initial surveys.