Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral health-related quality of life after prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with oral cancer: A longitudinal study with the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire version 3 and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire.

BACKGROUND Prosthodontic rehabilitation helps to improve the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). The Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire (LORQ) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) are specific tools that measure OHRQOL. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of oral rehabilitation on patients' OHRQOL following treatment for cancer of oral cavity using LORQ version 3 (LORQv3) and OHIP-14 questionnaire. Secondary objectives were to identify issues specific to oral rehabilitation, patients compliance to prosthetic rehabilitation, the effect of radiation treatment on prosthetic rehabilitation, to achieve meaningful differences over a time before & after prosthetic intervention, to carryout and document specific patient-deprived problem. METHODOLOGY Seventy-five oral cancer patients were studied. Patients were asked to rate their experience of dental problems before fabrication of prosthesis and after 1 year using LORQv3 and OHIP-14. The responses were compared on Likert scale. RESULTS Patients reported with extreme problems before rehabilitation. After 1 year of prosthetic rehabilitation, there was improvement noticed in all the domain of LORQv3 and OHIP-14. Complete compliance to the use of prosthetic appliances for 1 year study period was noted. In response to the question no. 40 (LORQv3), only 15 patients who belonged to the obturator group, brought to notice the problems which were not addressed in the LORQv3 questionnaire. CONCLUSION The study showed that the oral cancer patients coped well and adapted to near normal oral status after prosthetic rehabilitation. This contributed to the improved overall health-related quality of life.
Atmospheric Liquid Water Retrieval Using a Gated Experts Neural Network

Gated experts (GE) neural networks have been developed in order to retrieve atmospheric liquid water content over ocean from radiometer data. Gated experts neural networks are statistical models, which can model any general class of function. This paper focuses on the case where the complex transfer functions can be split on different simpler functions in order to improve the accuracy. Two atmospheric quantities are considered: the integrated cloud liquid water (iclw) and the surface rain rate (RR). In the case of iclw, the GE neural network finds two modes, splitting the problem into low and high iclw values. The physical meaning of those modes is discussed. A comparison with a standard regression algorithm and a multilayer perceptron neural network is done on simulated data and an ‘‘indirect comparison’’ is done using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/ I) data. In the case of RR, the focus is on the ability of GE neural networks to perform a classification between rainy and nonrainy situations. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data are used for rain-rate validation: rain-rate retrieval from the GE algorithm applied to actual TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements are compared with collocated precipitation radar (PR) rain rate.
Nudging Users Towards Privacy on Mobile Devices

By allowing individuals to be permanently connected to the Internet, mobile devices ease the way information can be accessed and shared online, but also raise novel privacy challenges for end users. Recent behavioral research on “soft” or “asymmetric” paternalism has begun exploring ways of helping people make better decisions in different aspects of their lives. We apply that research to privacy decision making, investigatinghowsoftpaternalisticsolutions(alsoknown as nudges) may be used to counter cognitive biases and ameliorate privacy-sensitive behavior. We present the theoretical background of our research, and highlight current industry solutions and research endeavors that could be classified as nudging interventions. We then describe our ongoing work on embedding soft paternalistic mechanisms in location sharing technologies and Twitter privacy agents. Author Keywords Nudge, Privacy, Security, LocationSharing, MobileDevices, Soft Paternalism
Bkca Channel Expression Mediates Seasonal Auditory Hair Cell Plasticity

Vertebrates displaying seasonal shifts in reproductive behavior offer the opportunity to investigate bidirectional plasticity in sensory function. The midshipman teleost fish exhibits steroid-dependent plasticity in frequency encoding by eighth nerve auditory afferents. Here, evoked potentials were recorded in vivo from the saccule, the main auditory division of the inner ear of most teleosts, to test the hypothesis that males and females exhibit seasonal changes in hair cell physiology in relation to seasonal changes in plasma levels of steroids. Thresholds across the predominant frequency range of natural vocalizations were significantly less in both sexes in reproductive compared to non-reproductive conditions, with differences greatest at frequencies corresponding to call upper harmonics. A subset of non-reproductive males exhibiting an intermediate saccular phenotype had elevated testosterone levels, supporting the hypothesis that rising steroid levels induce non-reproductive to reproductive transitions in saccular physiology. We propose that elevated steroids act via long-term (days to weeks) signaling pathways to upregulate ion channel expression generating higher resonant frequencies characteristic of non-mammalian auditory hair cells, thereby lowering acoustic thresholds.
Capturing and viewing gigapixel images

We present a system to capture and view "Gigapixel images": very high resolution, high dynamic range, and wide angle imagery consisting of several billion pixels each. A specialized camera mount, in combination with an automated pipeline for alignment, exposure compensation, and stitching, provide the means to acquire Gigapixel images with a standard camera and lens. More importantly, our novel viewer enables exploration of such images at interactive rates over a network, while dynamically and smoothly interpolating the projection between perspective and curved projections, and simultaneously modifying the tone-mapping to ensure an optimal view of the portion of the scene being viewed.
Comparison of General Object Trackers for Hand Tracking in High-Speed Videos

The problem of tracking a hand in video has gained a lot of attention due to its numerous applications in human computer interfaces. So far, the work has been limited to the use of standard speed videos, but the recent developments in imaging technology and computing hardware have made it attractive to exploit high-speed imaging for tracking the hand more accurately both in space and time. To produce videos of good quality, the high-speed imaging requires more light when compared to imaging with conventional frame rates. Therefore, grey-scale high-speed imaging is in common use and this makes the use of hand tracking methods relying specifically on color information unsuitable. In this work, we provide the first solid comparison of state-of-the-art general object trackers on hand tracking with a primary focus on grey-scale high-speed videos. Novel annotated high-speed video data were collected and made publicly available for evaluation purposes. The algorithms were tested with both finger and hand targets, and with grey-scale and color videos. In addition to tracking accuracies, the stability, sensitivity, and the processing speeds of the algorithms were evaluated. The experiments show that the results vary significantly in all aspects, but certain methods such as Compressive Tracking and Hough Track methods performed better overall.
Energy expenditure on household, childcare and occupational activities of women from urban poor households

This present study attempts to measure the energy cost of activities of women from the poor socio-economic group in India. Women in the age group of 18–40 years (n 98) either working for incomes or classified as homemakers were randomly selected. Time disposition studies were conducted by a 24 h observation of their activities on a typical day. Predominant activities were identified from the activity profiles and standardized for posture and duration. The BMR (Douglas bag method) and energy cost of the activities (Kofranyi–Michaelis meter) were measured by indirect calorimetry. The energy consumption during these activities ranged from 2·94–12·51 kJ/min. The tasks were divided into standard, household, childcare, occupational and other activities. Using the criteria, attempts were made to categorize the activities into light, moderate and heavy. It was significant that except for walking, the standard activities and occupational work could be classified into the light category (< 2·2 BMR). Most of the household and childcare activities except cooking were classified into the moderate to heavy (2·2–> 2·8 BMR). The energy expenditure of activities did not differ significantly between women with different occupations. This present study provides an important database on energy costs of activities for computing energy requirements of women involved in similar activity patterns.
Constraining the Galaxy's dark halo with RAVE stars

We use the kinematics of ∼200000 giant stars that lie within ∼1.5kpc of the plane to measure the vertical profile of mass density near the Sun. We find that the dark mass contained within the isodensity surface of the dark halo that passes through the Sun ((6 ± 0.9) × 10 10 M� ), and the surface density within 0.9kpc of the plane ((69 ± 10)Mpc −2 ) are almost inde- pendent of the (oblate) halo's axis ratio q. If the halo is spherical, 46 per cent of the radial force on the Sun is provided by baryons, and only 4.3 per cent of the Galaxy's mass is baryonic. If the halo is flattened, the baryons contribute even less strongly to the local ra- dial force and to the Galaxy's mass. The dark matter density at the location of the Sun is 0.0126q −0.89 Mpc −3 = 0.48q −0.89 GeVcm −3 . When combined with other literature results we find hints for a mildly oblate dark halo with q � 0.8. Our value for the dark mass within the solar radius is larger than that predicted by cosmological dark-matter-only simulations but in good agreement with simulations once the effects of baryonic infall are taken into account. Our mass models consist of three double-exponential discs, an oblate bulge and a Navarro- Frenk-White dark matter halo, and we model the dynamics of the RAVE (RAdial Velocity Experiment) stars in the corresponding gravitational fields by finding distribution functions f(J) that depend on three action integrals. Statistical errors are completely swamped by systematic uncertainties, the most important of which are the distance to the stars in the pho- tometric and spectroscopic samples and the solar distance to the Galactic Centre. Systematics other than the flattening of the dark halo yield overall uncertainties ∼15percent.
Multi-Product Firms, Quality Differentiation and Comparative Advantage

This paper introduces a new model to explore how the behavior of heterogeneous intermediate suppliers affects the product quality choice of heterogeneous final good producers. In unifying two branches of literature on horizontal product differentiation and vertical product differentiation, the paper explains the choices of inputs, quality and the export prices of a multi-product firm in response to different market characteristics. We found that a more productive firm sources a larger range of inputs from more productive suppliers to export a larger range of both higher quality-more expensive products and cheaper products. For each firm, its high-end products generate more export sales due to their low quality-adjusted prices. If the transportation cost is sufficient low, it would be easier to start exporting if the technology is more intensive in intermediate goods in relative to labour. There would also be more quality differentiation (larger export quality range) if the technology is more intermediate-good intensive. JEL codes: F11, F12, L1
Many-body theory calculations of positron binding to negative ions

A many-body theory approach developed by the authors (Phys. Rev. A 70 032720 (2004)) is applied to positron bound states and annihilation rates in atomic systems. Within the formalism, full account of virtual positronium (Ps) formation is made by summing the electron-positron ladder diagram series, thus enabling the theory to include all important many-body correlation effects in the positron problem. Numerical calculations have been performed for positron bound states with the hydrogen and halogen negative ions, also known as Ps hydride and Ps halides. The Ps binding energies of 1.118, 2.718, 2.245, 1.873 and 1.393 eV and annihilation rates of 2.544, 2.482, 1.984, 1.913 and 1.809 ns 1 , have been obtained for PsH, PsF, PsCl, PsBr and PsI, respectively.
Candida albicans Fungaemia following Traumatic Urethral Catheterisation in a Paraplegic Patient with Diabetes Mellitus and Candiduria Treated by Caspofungin

A 58-year-old paraplegic male, with long-term indwelling urethral catheter, developed catheter block. The catheter was changed, but blood-stained urine was drained intermittently. A long segment of the catheter was seen lying outside his penis, which indicated that the balloon of Foley catheter had been inflated in urethra. The misplaced catheter was removed and a new catheter was inserted correctly. Gentamicin 160 mg was given intravenously; meropenem 1 gram every eight hours was prescribed; antifungals were not given. Twenty hours later, this patient developed distension of abdomen, tachycardia, and hypotension; he was not arousable. Computed tomography of abdomen revealed inflamed uroepithelium of right renal pelvis and ureter, 4 mm lower ureteric calculus with gas in right ureter proximally, and vesical calculus containing gas in its matrix. Urine and blood culture yielded Candida albicans. Identical sensitivity pattern of both isolates suggested that the source of the bloodstream infection was most likely urine. Both isolates formed consistently high levels of biofilm formation in vitro as assessed using a biofilm biomass stain, and high levels of resistance to voriconazole were observed. Both amphotericin B and caspofungin showed good activity against the biofilms. HbA1c was 111 mmol/mol. This patient was prescribed human soluble insulin and caspofungin 70 mg followed by 50 mg daily intravenously. He recovered fully from candidemia.
From Sexual Assault to Sexual Risk

Among women and gay and bisexual men, sexual assault is associated with increased rates of sexual risk behavior and negative sexual health outcomes. Although the mechanisms of these effects are potentially myriad, the current analyses examine the role of perceived partner pressure for condomless sex in mediating the association between adult sexual assault (ASA) and recent anal or vaginal sex without a condom. In a sample of 205 young adult women and gay and bisexual men, ASA was indirectly associated with condomless anal and/or vaginal sex via perceptions of partner pressure for condomless sex, χ2(1) = 5.66, p = . 02, after controlling for race, age, gender and sexual identity, and relationship status. The elucidation of this relational mechanism points to several potential intervention and prevention strategies that may reduce actual and perceived pressure for sex without a condom, including strategies designed to facilitate the prioritization of health and safety over relational goals and the improvement of partner selection and perceptions of partner pressure.
Item-Level Effects of the Read-Aloud Accommodation for Students With Reading Disabilities

Research support for providing a read-aloud accommodation (i.e., having an individual read test items and directions aloud) to students with disabilities has been somewhat limited, particularly when merely examining effects of the accommodation on overall test scores for general groups of students with disabilities. We examined data on accommodated and nonaccommodated performances of students with specific reading disabilities on math test items anticipated to be highly sensitive to accommodation effects due to their level of reading and math difficulty. We conducted analyses across 3 consecutive years of data from an elementary and middle school statewide assessment program. Within the elementary data set we identified a significant Accommodation Group × Reading Difficulty interaction effect, such that the accommodation appeared to more positively impact student performance on items that were classified as difficult to read. We describe other identified effects and discuss limitations of the study, as well as implications.
Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the responses to and recognition of hypoglycemia in humans. A comparison with insulin.

Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) lowers blood glucose in humans but its effect on counterregulatory responses has not been established. We therefore compared infusions of rhIGF-1 (0.7 micrograms/kg per min) and insulin (0.8 mU/kg.min) for 120 min in 10 healthy volunteers (glucose allowed to fall freely). With both, glucose fell rapidly because of stimulation of glucose uptake and suppression of hepatic glucose production. Despite similar plasma glucose nadirs (2.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.1 mM), the glucagon response was absent (P < 0.005), growth hormone release was attenuated (P < 0.03), and norepinephrine levels were increased (P < 0.05) by rhIGF-1 compared with insulin. Absent glucagon responses were associated with a blunting of the rebound increase in glucose production (P < 0.05 vs. insulin). After stopping the infusions, glucose recovery was delayed with rhIGF-1 (P < 0.001 vs. insulin). To further evaluate the effects of rhIGF-1 during a standard hypoglycemic stimulus, eight additional healthy subjects received rhIGF-1 or insulin while glucose was clamped at 2.8 mM. Again the rise in glucagon during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was totally abolished by rhIGF-1. Growth hormone responses were delayed, whereas increases in norepinephrine, heart rate, and symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia were greater with rhIGF-1 compared with insulin (P < 0.05). It was concluded that rhIGF-1 suppression of glucagon release during hypoglycemia impairs glucose recovery. Paradoxically, awareness of hypoglycemia is enhanced with rhIGF-1 in part due to stimulation of the sympathetic activity.
To Determine Amino Acid Digestibility in Corn By-products

While corn contains only limited quantities of crude protein and amino acids, corn by-products often contain crude protein and amino acids in appreciable amounts. The reason for this difference is that corn by-products are often produced after processing that primarily removes the nitrogen-free extracts (i.e., the starch) from the corn kernel. Because starch is approximately 70% of the total corn kernel, the quantity of crude protein and other nutrients is concentrated in the product that is left over after processing (Table 1). Corn by-products, therefore, are valuable sources of crude protein and amino acids in diets for monogastric animals. As is the case with most other by-products, variations in the concentrations and the digestibility of the amino acids in corn by-products exist. The main reason for these variations is differences in processing technology and procedures. Currently, the most used corn by-product in the feeding of monogastric animals is distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS). This product is produced by the ethanol industry and contains mainly the crude protein, fat, fiber and minerals from the corn kernel whereas the majority of the starch has been removed in the fermentation process. In general, the concentrations of crude protein, amino acids, fiber and minerals in DDGS are close to three times that than in corn. Thus, the crude protein concentration in DDGS is usually 26 – 28% and the concentration of amino acids is also approximately three times higher than in corn (Table 1). Because of the relatively high concentration of crude protein and amino acids, DDGS contributes significantly to the dietary concentration of amino acids if included in diets for pigs and poultry. It is, therefore, necessary to estimate the digestibility of these amino acids. It is the objective of the current contribution to summarize existing knowledge about the methods that are available to measure amino acid digestibility in corn by-products. Because of the importance of DDGS in the feeding of pigs and poultry in the US, the summary will be based on experiences with DDGS. However, the concepts discussed may also be applied to other corn byproducts.
Lu, Et. Al. Learning from Peers on Social Media Platforms Learning from Peers on Social Media Platform

More and more companies have adopted social media platforms for supporting knowledge sharing among customers and employees, where individuals ask and answer questions among each other. Hence, it is important to understand the knowledge-sharing behavior of users on these systems. We propose a theoretically-grounded, dynamic structural model with endogenized knowledge-sharing behavior that takes into account “learning by sharing” and “knowledge spillover,” which are two salient features that are enabled by social platforms. Our model recognizes the dynamic and interdependent nature of knowledge-seeking and sharing decisions and allows them to be driven by knowledge increments and social-status building in anticipation of future reciprocal rewards. Applying this model to a unique panel of data from an expertise-sharing forum used to shore up customer support at a Fortune 500 firm, we illustrate the dynamic interdependency between individual decisions. We show that an individual is more willing to contribute to the community when her peers are more knowledgeable. We further demonstrate how a “core/periphery” knowledge sharing structure emerges, discourage users with low social status from participating, and creates a barrier to knowledge sharing and integration for the company. An exploratory sensitivity analysis shows that hiding the identity of the knowledge seeker breaks the core/periphery structure and improves the knowledge sharing by 20.46%.
On Narrow Norms and Vague Heuristics: A Reply to Kahneman and Tversky (1996)

This reply clarifies what G. Gigerenzers (e.g., 1991. 1994; Gigerenzer & Murray, 1987) critique of the heuristics-and-biases approach to statistical reasoning is and is not about. At issue is the imposition of unnecessarily narrow norms of sound reasoning that are used to diagnose so-called cognitive illusions and the continuing reliance on vague heuristics that explain everything and nothing. D. Kahneman and A. Tversky (1996) incorrectly asserted that Gigerenzer simply claimed that frequency formats make all cognitive illusions disappear. In contrast, Gigerenzer has proposed and tested models that actually predict when frequency judgments are valid and when they are not. The issue is not whether or not. or how often, cognitive illusions disappear. The focus should be rather the construction of detailed models of cognitive processes that explain when and why they disappear. A postscript responds to Kahneman and Tversky's (1996) postscript.
Workplace Bullying Influences Women's Engagement in the Workforce

Workplace bullying creates hostile work environments, affects mental and physical health, and has social, economic, and career implications. Over 70% of targets of workplace bullying become unemployed either by losing their jobs or by leaving voluntarily. In a grounded theory study, we explored how experiencing workplace bullying and its health consequences affected 40 Canadian women. Further, I examined whether women stayed at or left workplaces after being bullied, how they left, and the influences on whether they stayed or left. Implications of this study are that bullied women and the organizations for which they work need to be assisted to manage this experience more effectively.