Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Extract Local Events from the Web

The goal of this work is extraction and retrieval of local events from web pages. Examples of local events include small venue concerts, theater performances, garage sales, movie screenings, etc. We collect these events in the form of retrievable calendar entries that include structured information about event name, date, time and location. Between existing information extraction techniques and the availability of information on social media and semantic web technologies, there are numerous ways to collect commercial, high-profile events. However, most extraction techniques require domain-level supervision, which is not attainable at web scale. Similarly, while the adoption of the semantic web has grown, there will always be organizations without the resources or the expertise to add machine-readable annotations to their pages. Therefore, our approach bootstraps these explicit annotations to massively scale up local event extraction. We propose a novel event extraction model that uses distant supervision to assign scores to individual event fields (event name, date, time and location) and a structural algorithm to optimally group these fields into event records. Our model integrates information from both the entire source document and its relevant sub-regions, and is highly scalable. We evaluate our extraction model on all 700 million documents in a large publicly available web corpus, ClueWeb12. Using the 217,000 unique explicitly annotated events as distant supervision, we are able to double recall with 85% precision and quadruple it with 65% precision, with no additional human supervision. We also show that our model can be bootstrapped for a fully supervised approach, which can further improve the precision by 30%. In addition, we evaluate the geographic coverage of the extracted events. We find that there is a significant increase in the geo-diversity of extracted events compared to existing explicit annotations, while maintaining high precision levels.
Ultrasound evaluation of ovarian follicular dynamics during early pseudopregnancy as a tool to inquire into the high progesterone (P+) syndrome of rabbit does

The investigation of the underlying causes for the high progesterone (P+) syndrome should presuppose further studies to more precisely characterise pseudopregnant rabbit does. The purpose of the present research was to examine follicular dynamics in the postovulatory rabbit ovary by means of real-time B-mode ultrasound scanning. A particular attention was focused upon the population of large-sized follicles present through the first 6 days after induced pseudopregnancy, since this follicular category, being steroidogenically active, may be crucial to the survival of the developing CL. Pseudopregnancy was induced in twenty-four hybrid rabbit does caged individually by injection of 100 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Sequential monitoring of dynamic changes in the follicular population was performed by ultrasonography on day 0, 2 and 6 of pseudopregnancy (day 0 being the day of hCG injection). The follicle distribution in ovaries of untreated does (day 0) was marked by approximately equal number of small follicles (46.1%±6.7 <2.0 mm) and large follicles (54.4%±6.1 ≥2.0 mm). However, at 2 days after injection of an ovulatory dose of hCG, the large follicles population was markedly depleted with only 10.2%±0.9 of the follicles present classified as large. The ovulation rate averaged 10.8±0.7 per rabbit. By day 6 of pseudopregnancy the size distribution showed that a repopulation of the ovary with large follicles occurred with 71.3%±6.8 in this category. The large follicles lost at ovulation had apparently been replaced by the time of luteal estrogen dependence at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. The results presented in this report, demonstrating that the rabbit ovary is depleted of large follicles following ovulation but that large, steroidogenically active follicles are again present by day 6, could be considered as a preliminary step to understand what mechanisms protect the CL from luteolysis until day 6 of pseudopregnancy, when CL shift from complete refractoriness to partial and complete responsiveness to PGF2α treatment. Since little is known about what factors effectively trigger luteolysis in normal, physiological conditions as well as what mechanisms protect CL from luteolysis in the first days of pseudopregnancy, the innovative and noninvasive approach supplied by the real-time ultrasonography could represent an additional tool for investigation.
Comparing the effect of a desensitizing material and a self-etch adhesive on dentin sensitivity after periodontal surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the ability of a desensitizing agent and a self-etch adhesive on cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) after periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods Ninety hypersensitive teeth of 13 subjects were included in the study. After periodontal surgery, the teeth of each posterior sextant treated with one of the following materials: G1: Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray Dental), G2: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer), and G3: placebo (water). The sensitivity was assessed using evaporative stimuli before treatment (baseline, T0), 1 day after treatment (T1), after 1 week (T2), and after 1 month (T3) according to visual analog scale (VAS). Results Following the treatment, all the 3 groups showed significant reduction of CDS in T1 compared to T0. Reduction of CDS between T1 and T2 was observed only in G1 but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 in this group. Although we observed a significant difference in T3 compared to T1 and T2 in G2 and G3, comparison of treatment groups in each assessment time showed a significant difference only in T3. According to paired comparison, this was due to the difference between G2 and G3. Conclusions Dentin sensitivity following periodontal surgery will decrease spontaneously over time, but treating the sensitive teeth with Gluma Desensitizer and Clearfil S3 Bond can have some benefits.
Prevalence of Heavy Backpack Use Among Primary School Pupils in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Heavy backpacks may be associated with neck and back pain. Objective: To determine the prevalence of heavy backpack use and its perceived effects among selected primary school pupils in Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional design that employed a multistage sampling technique was adopted. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to 416 respondents. A standard weighing scale was used to measure pupils’ body weight and weight of the backpacks. The heaviness of backpack weight was determined by calculating backpack weight as a percentage of body weight and was categorised into <10, 10-15 and >15. Results: The mean age, weight, backpack weight and the weight of backpack as a percentage of pupil’s body weight were 10.03±1.48years, 32.35±8.52kg, 4.18±2.34kg and 13.29±7.80%, respectively. The main perceived effects primarily associated with heavy backpack use, as reported by the pupils, were stooping (76.2%), neck pain (63.5%) and upper back pain (69.2%). Many (57.9%) of the schoolbags exceeded 10% of the pupil’s body weight, while about one-third (31.7%) had the weight of the backpack as a percentage of body weight greater than 15%. The prevalence of heavy backpack use was associated with perceived effects of heavy backpack use (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of heavy backpack use among school pupils is high in Ibadan. Guidelines regulating the use of heavy backpacks to protect school-aged children from potential adverse health are desired. Parents should also guide their children in arranging the contents of their bags.
Experiences from Occupational Exposure Limits Set on Aerosols Containing Allergenic Proteins

Occupational exposure limits (OELs) together with determined airborne exposures are used in risk assessment based managements of occupational exposures to prevent occupational diseases. In most countries, OELs have only been set for few protein-containing aerosols causing IgE-mediated allergies. They comprise aerosols of flour dust, grain dust, wood dust, natural rubber latex, and the subtilisins, which are proteolytic enzymes. These aerosols show dose-dependent effects and levels have been established, where nearly all workers may be exposed without adverse health effects, which are required for setting OELs. Our aim is to analyse prerequisites for setting OELs for the allergenic protein-containing aerosols. Opposite to the key effect of toxicological reactions, two thresholds, one for the sensitization phase and one for elicitation of IgE-mediated symptoms in sensitized individuals, are used in the OEL settings. For example, this was the case for flour dust, where OELs were based on dust levels due to linearity between flour dust and its allergen levels. The critical effects for flour and grain dust OELs were different, which indicates that conclusion by analogy (read-across) must be scientifically well founded. Except for subtilisins, no OEL have been set for other industrial enzymes, where many of which are high volume chemicals. For several of these, OELs have been proposed in the scientific literature during the last two decades. It is apparent that the scientific methodology is available for setting OELs for proteins and protein-containing aerosols where the critical effect is IgE sensitization and IgE-mediated airway diseases.
Treatment of elective mutism with fluoxetine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of treatment with fluoxetine in reducing symptoms associated with elective mutism. METHOD Sixteen subjects with elective mutism were treated with placebo (single-blind) for 2 weeks. Fifteen placebo nonresponders were then randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with fluoxetine at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg/day (N = 6) or continued placebo (N = 9) for an additional 12 weeks. Outcome ratings were completed by the treating psychiatrist, parents, and teachers. RESULTS Significant improvements over time on ratings of elective mutism, anxiety, and social anxiety, rated by clinician, parents, and teachers, were demonstrated in both fluoxetine- and placebo-treated subjects. Subjects treated with fluoxetine were significantly more improved than placebo-treated subjects on parent's ratings of mutism change and global change. Clinician and teacher ratings did not reveal significant differences between treatment groups. Although improved, most subjects in both treatment groups remained very symptomatic at the end of the study period. Side effects were minimal. CONCLUSION Fluoxetine may be beneficial and safe in the treatment of children with elective mutism. Longer periods of treatment may yield more substantial therapeutic benefits. Further study is indicated.
Forecasts of Cancer and Chronic Patients: Big Data Metrics of Population Health

Chronic diseases and cancer account for over 75 percent of healthcare costs in the US. Increased prevention services and improved primary care are thought to decrease costs. Current models for detecting changes in the health of populations are cumbersome and expensive, and are not sensitive in the short term. In this paper we model population health as a dynamical system to predict the time evolution of the new diagnosis of chronic diseases and cancer. This provides a reliable forecasting tool and a means of measuring short-term changes in the health status of the population resulting from preventive care programs. Twelve month forecasts of cancer and chronic populations were accurate with errors lying between 3 percent and 6 percent. We confirmed what other studies have demonstrated that diabetes patients are at increased cancer risk but, interestingly, we also discovered that all of the studied chronic conditions increased cancer risk just as diabetes did, and by a similar amount. The model(i)yields a new metric for measuring performance of preventive and clinical care programs that can provide timely feedback for quality improvement programs;(ii)helps understand "savings" in the context of preventive care programs and explains how they can be calculated in the short term, even though they materialize only in the long term and(iii)provides an analytic tool and metrics to infer correlations and derive insights on the effect of changes in socio-economic factors affecting population health on improving health and lowering costs of populations.
Optical PUFs Reloaded

We revisit optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs), which were proposed by Pappu et al. in their seminal first publication on PUFs [40, 41]. The first part of the paper treats non-integrated optical PUFs. Their security against modeling attacks is analyzed, and we discuss new image transformations that maximize the PUF’s output entropy while possessing similar error correction capacities as previous approaches [40, 41]. Furthermore, the influence of using more than one laser beam, varying laser diameters, and smaller scatterer sizes is systematically studied. Our findings enable the simple enhancement of an optical PUF’s security without additional hardware costs. Next, we discuss the novel application of non-integrated optical PUFs as so-called “Certifiable PUFs”. The latter are useful to achieve practical security in advanced PUF-protocols, as recently observed by Rührmair and van Dijk at Oakland 2013 [48]. Our technique is the first mechanism for Certifiable PUFs in the literature, answering an open problem posed in [48]. In the second part of the paper, we turn to integrated optical PUFs. We build the first prototype of an integrated optical PUF that functions without moving components and investigate its security. We show that these PUFs can surprisingly be attacked by machine learning techniques if the employed scattering structure is linear, and if the raw interference images of the PUF are available to the adversary. Our result enforces the use of non-linear scattering structures within integrated PUFs. The quest for suitable materials Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Copyright 200X ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX . $10.00. is identified as a central, but currently open research problem. Our work makes intensive use of two prototypes of optical PUFs. The presented integratable optical PUF prototype is, to our knowledge, the first of its kind in the literature.
Influence of dietary sodium on the blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II and angiotensin III in anaesthetized rats

The regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic outflow by the brain renin–angiotensin system in animals subjected to raised or lowered dietary Na+ intake is unclear. This study compared the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) and III (AngIII) before and after peripheral V1 receptor blockade (V1B) in α‐chloralose–urethane‐anaesthetized rats fed a low (0.03%, LNa+), normal (0.3%, NNa+) or high Na+ diet (3.0%, HNa+) from 4 to 11 weeks of age. The rise in MAP 2 min post AngII i.c. v. was greater in HNa+ (14 ± 3 mmHg) versus LNa+ (8 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and after AngIII i.c. v. in HNa+ (14 ± 3 mmHg) versus NNa+ (6 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and LNa+ (7 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). The MAP responses to AngII and AngIII i.c. v. were abolished after V1B in LNa+, but were only attenuated in HNa+. In NNa+, V1B blunted the MAP responses to AngII and abolished those to AngIII. The MAP remained elevated 30 min after AngII in all groups, but returned to baseline levels 15 min after AngIII in NNa+ and HNa+ (P < 0.01). Twenty minutes after i.c. v. AngII, RSNA rose above baseline in HNa+ (112 ± 1%), a response not observed in the LNa+ and NNa+ groups. Twenty minutes post AngIII i.c. v. , RSNA was elevated in both HNa (109 ± 2%) and NNa+ (109 ± 2%). After V1B, RSNA rose only in the HNa+ group 15 min post AngIII infusion (109 ± 1%). Together, these findings: (1) suggest that HNa+ intake augments the MAP and RSNA responses to i.c. v. AngII and AngIII; (2) highlight an important role for peripheral V1 receptors during these responses; and (3) differentiate the effects of AngII and AngIII on blood pressure and RSNA.
Characterization of the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex by calcium binding proteins and synaptophysin

This study was performed in order to characterize the main nuclei of the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex by means of antibodies against the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin. These markers revealed the neuronal morphology and organization of nuclei located within the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex. The architectural details included the distribution of axonal terminals on neurons. The medial superior olivary nucleus was present as a column of neurons. No clear segregation of calretinin‐positive terminals was noticed on the medial and lateral dendritic fields of these neurons. The lateral superior olivary nucleus was characterized by a distinct nuclear shape. Calretinin‐, parvalbumin‐ or calbindin‐positive terminals contacted somata and dendrites. The medial nucleus of trapezoid body could be clearly differentiated as a distinct region in the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex. Somata of that nucleus showed calbindin‐ and parvalbumin‐labelling whereas somatic calyces of Held were reavealed by calretinin and synaptophysin labelling. The results are discussed with respect to the processing of acoustic information in primate species and their ability to hear high and low frequencies, which is reflected by anatomical correlates.
EUS‐GUIDED DRAINAGE OF PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYSTS, ABSCESSES AND INFECTED NECROSIS

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage has emerged as the leading treatment modality for symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided endoscopic drainage is less invasive than surgery and avoids local complications related to percutaneous drainage. In addition, unlike non‐EUS guided endoscopic drainage, EUS‐guided drainage is able to drain non‐bulging fluid collections and may reduce the risk of procedure‐related bleeding. Excellent treatment success rates exceeding 90% have been reported for pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses. In the context of infected pancreatic necrosis, adjunctive endoscopic necrosectomy is required for effective treatment. With such an aggressive approach, the treatment success rate may reach 81%–92%. The potential complications of concern for EUS‐guided drainage are severe bleeding and perforation. To minimize risk, only fluid collections with a mature wall and within 1 cm of the gastrointestinal lumen should undergo endoscopic drainage. Any coagulopathy, if present, should be corrected. Patients with pseudocysts undergoing drainage should also receive prophylactic antibiotics in order to prevent secondary infection of a sterile collection.
Muntingia calabura: A review of its traditional uses, chemical properties, and pharmacological observations

Abstract Context: Different parts of Muntingia calabura L. (Elaeocarpaceae), or “kerukup siam” in Malay, have been reported to possess medicinal value, supported by a number of scientific studies. Objective: To gather all information related to the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical compositions, and pharmacological activities of M. calabura and present them as a comprehensive and systematic review article. Materials and methods: Literature has been retrieved from a number of databases (e.g., Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer Link, etc.). General web searches were also carried out using Google and Yahoo search engines by applying some related search terms (e.g., Muntingia calabura, phytochemical, pharmacological, extract, and traditional uses). The articles related to agriculture, ecology, and synthetic work and those using languages other than English or Malay have been excluded. The bibliographies of papers relating to the review subject were also searched for further relevant references. Results and discussion: The literature search conducted using the above-mentioned Internet search engines only lead to the identification of 36 journals published as early as 1987. From the articles reviewed, M. calabura possessed various pharmacological activities (e.g., cytotoxic, antinociceptive, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory), which supported the folklore claims and could be attributed to its phytoconstituents. Conclusion: Muntingia calabura possesses remarkable medicinal value, which warrants further and in-depth studies. Therefore, this review paper is presented to help guide researchers to plan their future studies related to this plant in the hope of isolating potential leads for future drug development.
Leveraging Supervisor Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Organizational Absorptive Capacity on Nurses’ Creativity

Background. Nurses’ creativity is an imperative necessity for healthcare organizations to grow. The creative abilities of nurses are affected by many factors; some of these factors are stimulants and some of these are inhibitors. Supervisors’ knowledge sharing behavior and the capacity to absorb new knowledge and technologies are important factors in the recent era that delineate the creativity of nurses. Aim of the Study. Assess the effect of supervisor knowledge sharing behavior and organizational absorptive capacity on nurses' creativity. Method. Cross-sectional multicenter descriptive correlational exploratory research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected conveniently from 700 nurses recruited from five large hospitals at Alexandria, Egypt, using three self-administered printed questionnaires. Findings were investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics as well as structured equation modeling. Results. Nurses’ creativity was positively associated with supervisor knowledge sharing behavior and organizational absorptive behavior (r = 0.619, p value <0.001, and r = 0.545, p value <0.001, respectively). Supervisor knowledge sharing behavior accounted for 87% of variance in nurses’ creativity, while organizational absorptive capacity accounted for 55% of variance in nurses’ creativity. Conclusion. Supervisors’ knowledge sharing behavior and absorptive capacity of organization are powerful significant stimulants for nurses’ creativity. Implications to Nursing Management. Hospital directors, managers, and nursing leaders should cultivate knowledge sharing behavior in healthcare settings by establishing a reward and incentive system for healthcare workers who share their knowledge with their colleagues for mutual benefit and organizational development.
Semi-autonomous reference data generation for perception performance evaluation

In the development phase of perception systems (e.g. for advanced driver assistance systems) general interest is pointing towards the performance of the respective detection and tracking algorithms. One common way to evaluate such systems relies on simulated data which is used as a reference. We present a semi-autonomous method, which allows the extraction of reference data from sensor recordings (including data at least from a camera and a distance measuring sensor device). Furthermore, we show how to combine these reference data with the output from the object detection system and how to derive performance statistics (detection and miss rates) of the system. As the generated reference information can be stored along with the sensor recordings, this method also facilitates the comparison of different software versions or algorithm parameters.