Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial complex II has a key role in mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species influence on plant stress gene regulation and defense

Mitochondria are both a source of ATP and a site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, there is little information on the sites of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production or the biological role of such mROS in plants. We provide genetic proof that mitochondrial complex II (Complex II) of the electron transport chain contributes to localized mROS that regulates plant stress and defense responses. We identify an Arabidopsis mutant in the Complex II subunit, SDH1-1, through a screen for mutants lacking GSTF8 gene expression in response to salicylic acid (SA). GSTF8 is an early stress-responsive gene whose transcription is induced by biotic and abiotic stresses, and its expression is commonly used as a marker of early stress and defense responses. Transcriptional analysis of this mutant, disrupted in stress responses 1 (dsr1), showed that it had altered SA-mediated gene expression for specific downstream stress and defense genes, and it exhibited increased susceptibility to specific fungal and bacterial pathogens. The dsr1 mutant also showed significantly reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity. Using in vivo fluorescence assays, we demonstrated that root cell ROS production occurred primarily from mitochondria and was lower in the mutant in response to SA. In addition, leaf ROS production was lower in the mutant after avirulent bacterial infection. This mutation, in a conserved region of SDH1-1, is a unique plant mitochondrial mutant that exhibits phenotypes associated with lowered mROS production. It provides critical insights into Complex II function with implications for understanding Complex II's role in mitochondrial diseases across eukaryotes.
Offspring Caring for Their Elderly Parents: The Effect of Social Support and Gender-Role Orientation on these Caregivers' Well-Being

The present study tried to explore coping processes of sons and daughters of elderly parents. The research also tried to confirm Pearlin and Schooler's stress coping model (1978). On the basis of the literature review, well-being was examined as a function of the following variables: demographic variables related to the caregiver role; stress related to the caregivers' role (The Burden Inventory Questionnaire: Zarit, Reever, & Bach-Peterson, 1980; Stress in Family Relationships: Pearlin & Schooler, 1978); and personality characteristics such as self-esteem (The Self-Esteem Variable: Rosenberg, 1965), and mastery (Pearlin & Schooler, 1978). The two mediating variables in the research model were gender-role orientation, as an internal resource (Sex Role Orientation Inventory questionnaire (BSRI): Bem, 1975), and family support, as an external resource (Cohen, Mermelstein, Kamarck, & Hoberman, 1985). The well-being of the participants was examined using the mental health questionnaire (Veit & Ware, 1983). The study hypotheses were that the internal and the external resources will act as mediating factors such that offspring with masculine gender orientation caring for an elderly parent will report greater well-being than those with feminine or androgynous gender-orientations. Participants were 435 workers of the Israel Electric Company, 211 males and 224 females. The research findings indicated existing correlations between all of the components of the research model.
Self-adaptive source separation .I. Convergence analysis of a direct linear network controlled by the Herault-Jutten algorithm

It is known that self-adaptive separation of a linear mixture of non-Gaussian independent sources can be achieved with a feedback linear neural network that is adapted by the Herault-Jutten (1991) algorithm. Yet, realizability of the feedback requires implementation constraints. An equivalent direct (without feedback) network is considered that is free of these constraints while the self-adaptive rule is kept unchanged. The separating states are shown to be equilibrium points. Their stability status is studied in the case of two sources. Then, we show that the algorithm is convergent in the "quasi"-quadratic mean sense toward a separating state for a small enough step-size.
“You Have to Know Why”: The Influence of Different Curricula on Nursing Students' Perceptions of Nursing

The need in modern healthcare for professionals who are self‐directed and autonomous has increased in recent decades. Problem‐based learning is spreading in nursing education as one strategy for meeting these demands. This article deals with the relationship between the design and execution of nursing education curricula and students' understanding of nursing. The aim of the study was to examine nursing students' perceptions of nursing, comparing a problem‐based curriculum to a conventional curriculum. Students were asked to write narratives about nursing. Forty‐three narratives were analyzed using the phenomenological hermeneutic method. Differences between the two groups were found in terms of both structure and content. Problem‐based learning students stressed more the theoretical aspects of nursing. The study shows that educational design might be of great importance to how students understand nursing. Extensive research is needed to further explore the findings, especially related to clinical practice following graduation.
The impact of residential context on adolescents' Subjective Well being

The study investigates the impact of residential context on stressful events and Subjective Well being (Emotional and Psychological) in young people living in a deprived geographical area, and the mediating role of personal (Self-Efficacy) and social (Social Support, Sense of Community) variables. A questionnaire was submitted to 297 subjects (48.5% males): 203 adolescents (14–19 years old) and 94 young adults (20–27 years old), from different socio-economic (SES) levels. Results confirm the significant impact of the residential context on youngsters' perceived residential quality, Stress and Subjective Well being outcomes; such effect partly differs according to participants' gender and age. Adolescents are less satisfied of their living context and enjoy lower well being than young adults. Social resources (Friend and Family Support) significantly buffer the effect of a deprived residential context of youngsters' Well being, whereas personal resources (Self-Efficacy) directly increase Well being levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of probenecid with methotrexate transport and release in the isolated rat hepatocyte in suspension.

Probenecid has been shown to delay the plasma clearance of methotrexate in the rat and to reduce both hepatic and renal excretion of methotrexate in this animal model. In order to probe the mechanism by which probenecid alters hepatic excretion of the antifolate, studies assessed the effects of probenecid on transport, accumulation, distribution, and release of methotrexate in the rat hepatocyte in suspension. Probenecid was found to effectively inhibit methotrexate influx with a Ki of approximately 100 microM. Inhibition of methotrexate influx was accompanied by a reduction in methotrexate accumulation; with 200 microM probenecid, the levels of exchangeable and nonexchangeable intracellular methotrexate were reduced by 43.4 +/- 2.4 (S.E.) and 41.8 +/- 7.7%, respectively. As a consequence of reduced accumulation of the methotrexate substrate, the formation of cellular polyglutamate derivatives of methotrexate was likewise reduced. Concentrations of probenecid which inhibited methotrexate influx and accumulation by 70 to 80% did not markedly alter methotrexate efflux under conditions where efflux was effected by a washout procedure or by the presence of inducing agents, such as N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate or alpha-agonists. These studies suggest that the inhibition of hepatic methotrexate secretion by probenecid in vivo is likely to be a consequence of interference with hepatic uptake of the antifolate rather than an interaction of probenecid and methotrexate at a hepatic "secretory" site.
Teaching Foreign Language Skills . 2nd Ed. Wilga Rivers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Pp. 562.

In the opening pages of the 1968 edition of Wilga Rivers' Teaching Foreign Language Skills, the reader is invited on a journey through four language classrooms designated simply as A, B, C, D. This preliminary, vicarious contact with each language lesson is followed by a discussion from an interdisciplinary perspective of the theoretical and pedagogical influences responsible for each of the four lesson plans. We learn that classroom A represents the grammar-translation method; B, the direct method; C, the reading method; D, the audio-lingual method. The initial sequencing of the pragmatic classroom situation before its theoretical counterpart is both an excellent pedagogical device in this teaching text as well as a clue to the author's orientation. Not surprisingly, Rivers opens the second edition to Teaching Foreign Language Skills in a similar fashion. Yet, this time around, the reader may experience some deja vu-, the second edition contains no classroom E, F, or G.
Educating leaders for social justice: the case of special educational needs co-ordinators

In the light of policy imperatives to initiate and maintain inclusive education reforms, the role of special educational needs co-ordinators (SENCOs) in England and Wales should be reconceptualised with a view to their leading school reforms commensurate with the principles of an inclusive discourse. The article concentrates on the social justice dimension of educational leadership to advance discussion of the changing role of SENCOs. It is suggested that, apart from the operational and strategic aspects of their redefined leadership role, SENCOs should be empowered to embrace a social justice discourse in tackling power inequities and systemic educational inequalities that undermine inclusive education reforms.
will be inserted by hand later ) X-ray emission from radiative shocks in Type II supernovae

The X-ray emission from the circumstellar interaction in Type II supernovae with a dense circumstellar medium is calculated. In Type IIL and Type IIn supernovae mass loss rates are generally high enough for the region behind the reverse shock to be radiative, producing strong radiation, particularly in X-rays. We present a model for the emission from the cooling region in the case of a radiative reverse shock. Under the assumption of a stationary flow, a hydrodynamic model is combined with time dependent ionization balance and multilevel calculations. The applicability of the steady state approximation is discussed for various values of the ejecta density gradient and different sets of chemical composition. We show how the emerging spectrum depends strongly on the reverse shock velocity and the composition of the shocked gas. We discuss differences between a spectrum produced by this model and a single-temperature spectrum. Large differences for especially the line emission are found, which seriously can affect abundance estimates. We also illustrate the effects of absorption in the cool shocked ejecta. The applicability of our model for various types of supernovae is discussed.
Media Technologies - An International Overview

Not since the hundred years following Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in c.1450 has there been such a tidal wave of change in the way humans communicate. We are moving from the Age of Mass Communication into the Age of Interactive Communication, in which many of the old communication models will be insufficient or redundant. The rate of diffusion of these new media technologies almost defies comprehension. The convergence of computer, telecommunication, and televisual technologies is presenting the consumer with a myriad of choices. The challenge for the communicator is to find a way through this maze and to ensure that the message is received. For the health communication professional, the urgency of the message often adds further difficulty to the task. Differing rates of diffusion internationally and a confusion of technologies do not make the problem any easier.
Glutathione Transferases Are Structural and Functional Outliers in the Thioredoxin Fold†

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous scavengers of toxic compounds that fall, structurally and functionally, within the thioredoxin fold suprafamily. The fundamental catalytic capability of GSTs is catalysis of the nucleophilic addition or substitution of glutathione at electrophilic centers in a wide range of small electrophilic compounds. While specific GSTs have been studied in detail, little else is known about the structural and functional relationships between different groupings of GSTs. Through a global analysis of sequence and structural similarity, it was determined that variation in the binding of glutathione between the two major subgroups of cytosolic (soluble) GSTs results in a different mode of glutathione activation. Additionally, the convergent features of glutathione binding between cytosolic GSTs and mitochondrial GST kappa are described. The identification of these structural and functional themes helps to illuminate some of the fundamental contributions of the thioredoxin fold to catalysis in the GSTs and clarify how the thioredoxin fold can be modified to enable new functions.
Adolescent Health and Well‐Being in the Twenty‐First Century: A Global Perspective

Adolescence is a critical developmental period with long-term implications for the health and well-being of the individual and for society as a whole. The most significant factors to adolescents' health are found in their environments, and in the choices and opportunities for health-enhancing or health-compromising behaviors that these contexts present (e.g., exposure to violence, supportive families). Inadequate contexts represent a failure to invest in and protect adolescents, a choice to alienate rather than integrate them into society. This article describes a number of societal trends, including growing poverty and income disparities, government instability, the changing health-care system, the spread of HIV/AIDS, increased migration and urbanization, changing family and cultural contexts, and new information technology. The health implications of these trends for the well-being of adolescents in the 21st century are contemplated.
Psychological Characteristics of Students Taking Programming-Oriented and Applications-Oriented Computing Courses

The characteristics of students taking programming-oriented and applications-oriented higher education courses are compared. Relative to the latter students, the former students' personalities are shown to be of a more schizoid nature, this providing an explanation of these students' greater computer engagement, programming experience and computing aptitude, at least as far as males are concerned. The extent to which programming experience is accumulated by females is concluded to be a major factor explaining the greater gender imbalance in enrolment on the programming-oriented course. Psychometric measures are found to be useful over and above cheaper, more easily obtainable, information in discriminating between the two types of student. However, psychometric measures are not found useful in increasing the association between correctness of course classification subsequent to Discriminant Function Analysis and success/failure on the courses. Finally, the same set of characteristics, involving among other things, greater involvement in computing, is found to be associated with success irrespective of course.
Helping Individuals or Group Members? The Role of Individual and Collective Identification in AIDS Volunteerism

This article presents a group-level perspective on helping that was tested in the context of AIDS volunteerism. It was predicted and found that homosexuals were more willing to volunteer when collective identification in terms of sexual orientation was high. The opposite trend was found for heterosexuals. Also as predicted, homosexuals were less willing to volunteer when identification as a unique individual was high, whereas the opposite was again true for heterosexuals. Thus, AIDS volunteerism emerged as a form of intragroup helping for homosexuals and as a form of interindividual helping for heterosexuals. In addition, identification with the AIDS volunteer service organization proved to be a positive predictor of AIDS volunteerism regardless of sexual orientation. Finally, two individual motivations emerged as positive predictors, namely, gaining knowledge and understanding emerged for homosexuals and expressing humanitarian values emerged for heterosexuals. The results are summarized in a dual-pathway model of volunteerism.
The Association Between Lifelong Learning and Psychological Well-Being Among Older Adults: Implications for Interdisciplinary Health Promotion in an Aging Society

This study examines the association between lifelong learning and well-being among older adults. We conducted a survey with those older than 60 (n = 699) in a public continuing-education program in Ontario, Canada. Data included learners’ demographics, health, lifestyle, participation patterns, and well-being as measured by the Psychological General Well-Being Index. The results show learners’ positive psychological well-being, physical and social health, and healthy lifestyles despite some risk conditions. A logistic regression analysis suggests a positive association between the duration of learning and well-being. These findings call for tactical deployment of affordable and accessible learning activities as an effective health-promotion strategy.
Ultrafiltration in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Comparison With Systolic Heart Failure Patients

Background—Ultrafiltration (UF) is a widely used technology for inpatient management of acute decompensated heart failure in patients with volume overload. However, the safety and efficacy of UF in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFPEF]) need further clarification. We hypothesized that UF could be used in this population with outcomes similar to acute decompensated heart failure patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (HFLEF). Methods and Results—Prospective evaluation was performed on 2 patient cohorts admitted to a single institution for acute decompensated heart failure and treated with UF: HFLEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ⩽40%; n=87) and HFPEF (left ventricular ejection fraction >40%; n=97). Selected demographic and clinical data were compared, including clinical and serological information, as well as in-hospital and 90-day postdischarge mortality. HFPEF patients were more likely to be women, have higher blood pressures, and less likely to have ischemic heart disease. There were no significant differences in total weight loss (7.7% in HFLEF and 7.0% in HFPEF), electrolyte and renal disturbances, or in-hospital mortality (3.4% in HFLEF and 3.3% in HFPEF) between the 2 groups. Mortality at 90 days tended to be greater in HFLEF (24.1%) than in HFPEF (15.5%). Conclusions—Therapeutic responses in patients with HFPEF meeting current indication for UF are similar to those with HFLEF. Larger studies are warranted to better characterize acute heart failure management with UF in this population.
Tribally Controlled Community Colleges: A Student Outcomes Assessment of Associate Degree Recipients

In 1978, Congress passed the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act ". to ensure continued and expanded educational opportunities for [American] Indian students" (U.S. Congress, 1978). This supportive legislation came on the heels of several tribal initiatives which had already emulated the initial example of Navajo Community College, founded in 1968. By 1975, Indian tribes had chartered and established 13 tribally controlled colleges (Oppelt, 1984, pp. 42-43). While these institutions receive their charters from their respective tribal governments rather than from the state, like their state community college counterparts, tribally controlled colleges ensure institutional autonomy through separate advisory and governing boards. Leadership on these boards is derived almost exclusively from tribal members in the local reservation community. As of 1990, 24 tribal colleges in 11 western and Midwestern states serve the equivalent of 4,400 full-time students (Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, hereinafter referred to as CFAT, 1989, p. 2). In some states, these colleges enroll more American Indian students than do other postsecondary institutions. In Montana, for example, where nearly a third of these colleges are located, 2,406 full-time equivalent Indian college students enrolled in the state's public and private twoand four-year institutions during the Spring term of 1989. Of these, 1,543 (or 64 percent) attended the state's seven tribally controlled colleges (American Indian Research Opportunities, 1989). For American Indians, then, the past two decades have witnessed the tribal college's emergence as an important and often preferred provider of postsecondary education. Based on an earlier study, Wright (1989) concluded ". that tribally controlled community colleges are meeting varied needs of reservation Indian students-many of whom because of family and home responsibilities, financial reasons, and job responsibilities would not otherwise enjoy access to
Beyond Concerns with Self: The sophisticated thinking of beginning student teachers

The last 10 years have seen a significant transformation of initial teacher education in England. The establishment of school-based partnerships and increasingly tight government regulation have reduced the autonomy of universities in the professional preparation of teachers. In the context of these changes the Developing Expertise of Beginning Teachers project was established to explore the learning of beginning teachers through the course of their initial training and early years in the profession. This paper, based on post-lesson interview data collected during the first half of the training year, focuses on two aspects of student teachers' thinking: the reasons put forward for their teaching decisions; and their evaluation of that teaching. Analysis of lesson aims and the factors taken into account in seeking to achieve them suggests a high level of concern for pupil learning, echoed in their lesson evaluations, and a surprisingly sophisticated grasp of the complexity of teaching.
‘You could just ignore me’: Situating peer exclusion within the contingencies of girls’ everyday interactional practices

The present article approaches the phenomenon of indirect bullying through detailed analysis of the interactional practices that a group of preadolescent girls make use of as they reconstruct the social organization of their peer group, the effect being that one girl is eventually excluded. The data are drawn from ethnography combined with video recordings of the girls’ peer group interactions in a Swedish elementary school, during one school year. The interactional data cover three different periods of the exclusion process. Overall, the study highlights how processes of social exclusion are situated within the flow of subtle and seemingly innocent actions that are embedded in ordinary everyday interactional peer group practices.