Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Math Gender Stereotypes in a Single-Gender College Context: A Study of Female Psychology & Neuroscience Majors

Survey data collected from 67 female college students attending a prestigious single-gender institution were examined in order to ascertain to what degree women in a single-gender college environment are aware of math gender stereotypes. The results indicate that the majority of the participants were aware of a math gender stereotype. Furthermore, participants also reported awareness of three different stereotype categories: traditional math gender, competitive, and negative personal characteristics. An association was found between stereotype category and college major, whereby a higher percentage of psychology majors reported awareness of both the traditional math gender and competitive stereotypes compared to neuroscience majors. Additionally, the stereotype category with which one reported an awareness had several implications, the most notable of which being that individuals who reported an awareness of a competitive stereotype also reported a higher mean level of work-related stress. A predictive relationship was also found to exist between the competitive stereotype category and work-related stress. The implications of these results are discussed. Humans have an innate tendency to categorize people, objects, and ideas and to then compare the subsequent groups across a range of characteristics (Gabora, Rosch, & Aerts, 2008). Thus, it is only natural that one of the first categories to which an individual is introduced, gender, is also one of the most researched areas in psychology (e. on differences between the genders, and meta-analyses have revealed moderate to strong effect sizes in several domains. 1 A meta-analysis by Su, Rounds, and Armstrong (2009) on gender differences in interests showed that men tend to prefer to work with objects rather than people (d = 0.93) and that men also have interests in more realistic, less imaginative subject matters (d = 0.84). Furthermore, women tend to have a greater interest in social activities (d =-0.68), and on average, women also have more artistic interests (d =-0.35). 2 Moderate to strong effect sizes favoring males were found for interest in science (d = 0.36), mathematics (d = 0.34), and engineering (d = 1.11). In a meta-analysis on gender differences in job attribute preferences, men were found to prefer jobs that allowed them to work alone (d = 0.26) and were leisurely (d = 0.25), whereas women preferred jobs that offered the opportunity to make friends (d =-0.35) and to work with others (d =-0.22; Konrad et al., 2000). Apart from gender differences in preferences, meta-analyses have also suggested that men and women …
Solubility and Aggregation of Gly5 in Water

Experimentally, the solubility of oligoglycines in water decreases as its length increases. Computationally, the free energy of solvation becomes more favorable with chain length for short (n = 1–5) oligoglycines. We present results of large scale simulations with over 600 pentaglycines at varying concentrations in explicit solvent to consider the mechanism of aggregation. The solubility limit of Gly5 for the force field used was calculated and compared with experimental values. We find that intermolecular interactions between pentaglycines are favored over interactions between glycine and water, leading to their aggregation. However, the interaction driving peptide associations, liquid–liquid phase separation, are not predominantly hydrogen bonding. Instead, non-hydrogen bonding interactions between partially charged atoms on the peptide backbone allow the formation of dipole–dipole and charge layering correlations that mechanistically stabilize the formation of large, stable peptide clusters.
Risk Premiums in the Price-Setting Newsvendor Model

Consider a make-to-stock firm that needs to decide its price and order quantity before a selling season without knowing the demand. By charging a different price from the riskless price, the firm can hedge its profits against demand uncertainty either by mitigating its demand risk or by lowering its opportunity cost of stockouts. In this paper, we characterize the behavior of the risk premium under an additive-multiplicative demand model. We show that the sign of the risk premium can be uniquely determined by the elasticities of the mean and of the standard deviation of demand at the riskless price. We also quantify the worst-case magnitude of the risk premium and find that, although the risk premium can be significant, its range of potential values rapidly narrows and becomes relatively insensitive to the specific elasticity values as the mean demand becomes more elastic. Our characterization of the risk premium generates insights into the role of pricing as a hedge against demand uncertainty.
Simulation Results of AgriPoliS about Diminishing Capital Subsidies and Restrictions

This paper investigates the impacts of high interest rates for borrowed capital and credit restrictions on the structural development of four European regions. The method used is the model AgriPoliS which is a spatial-dynamic agent-based model. It is able to provide aggregated results at the regional level, but very individual results as well by considering farms as independent entities. Farms can choose between different investment options during the simulation. Several scenarios with different interest rates for borrowed capital on the one hand as well as with different levels of credit restrictions on the other hand are tested and compared. Results show that higher interest rates have less impact on declining production branches than on expanding ones. If they have the possibility farms invest in the most profitable production branch which relative profitability might have changed with high interest rates. Credit restrictions lead farms to choose smaller and cheaper investments than expensive and large ones. Results also show that income losses in both cases due to under-investment compared to the reference situation are partially compensated by lower rental prices. The impacts on structural change also differ depending on the region and the initial situation. In summary, credit subsidies or imperfections on credit markets might have indirect impacts on the type of dominant investment and therefore on the whole regional agricultural sector as well.
Flaxseed Oil Containing α-Linolenic Acid Ester of Plant Sterol Improved Atherosclerosis in ApoE Deficient Mice

Plant sterols (PS) have potential preventive function in atherosclerosis due to their cholesterol-lowering ability. Dietary α-linolenic acid in flaxseed oil is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events through its hypolipidemic and anti-inflammation properties. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of flaxseed oil containing α-linolenic acid ester of PS (ALA-PS) on atherosclerosis and investigate the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were administered a regular diet and apoE knockout (apoE-KO) mice were given a high fat diet alone or supplemented with 5% flaxseed oil with or without 3.3% ALA-PS for 18 weeks. Results demonstrated that flaxseed oil containing ALA-PS was synergistically interaction in ameliorating atherosclerosis as well as optimizing overall lipid levels, inhibiting inflammation and reducing oxidative stress. These data were associated with the modification effects on expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism (PPARα, HMGCR, and SREBPs), inflammation (IL-6, TNF, MCP-1, and VCAM-1), and oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase).
Human Internal Jugular Valve M-mode Ultrasound Characterization

In humans the mechanism governing the internal jugular vein (IJV) valve opening and closure is still unclear. M-mode is used in echo-cardiology for the heart valves assessment. Sometimes it was performed also in deep peripheral veins and in vena cava assessment, but never in the IJV valve. Aim of the present study is to investigate the IJV valves physiology in healthy volunteers, by means of both B and M-mode ultrasound. Eighty-three (83) healthy volunteers (35 Male, 48 Female, 25.7±6.7 y.o.), for a total of 166 IJVs, were enrolled. The entire cohort underwent IJVs high-resolution B and M-mode evaluation, in standardized postural and respiratory conditions. Presence, motility, and number of cusps, as well as their opening and closure mechanism have been assessed. Bilateral valve absence occurred in 13/83 (16%), whereas at least a one side absence was recorded in 38/83 (46‰ of the cohort) (p<0.0356). Valve leaflets were always mobile and respectively bi-cusps in 34%, or mono-cusp in 27%. The latter was significantly more frequent on the left side (35%) than on the right side (19%) (p<0.0013). In supine, M-mode valve opening was synchronous with the cardiac cycle. To the contrary, in an upright position, the valve remained always open and saddled to the wall, independently from the cardiac cycle. In healthy subjects, the IJV valve leaflets are always mobile, but the significant rate of mono and bilateral absence could suggest a progressive phylogenetic importance loss of such apparatus. M-mode ultrasound enhances the characterization of IJV valve, for this reason it should be taken into consideration to routinely add it to the cerebral venous return investigation.
The importance of hydraulic groundwater theory in catchment hydrology: The legacy of Wilfried Brutsaert and Jean‐Yves Parlange

Based on a literature overview, this paper summarizes the impact and legacy of the contributions of Wilfried Brutsaert and Jean‐Yves Parlange (Cornell University) with respect to the current state‐of‐the‐art understanding in hydraulic groundwater theory. Forming the basis of many applications in catchment hydrology, ranging from drought flow analysis to surface water‐groundwater interactions, hydraulic groundwater theory simplifies the description of water flow in unconfined riparian and perched aquifers through assumptions attributed to Dupuit and Forchheimer. Boussinesq (1877) derived a general equation to study flow dynamics of unconfined aquifers in uniformly sloping hillslopes, resulting in a remarkably accurate and applicable family of results, though often challenging to solve due to its nonlinear form. Under certain conditions, the Boussinesq equation can be solved analytically allowing compact representation of soil and geomorphological controls on unconfined aquifer storage and release dynamics. The Boussinesq equation has been extended to account for flow divergence/convergence as well as for nonuniform bedrock slope (concave/convex). The extended Boussinesq equation has been favorably compared to numerical solutions of the three‐dimensional Richards equation, confirming its validity under certain geometric conditions. Analytical solutions of the linearized original and extended Boussinesq equations led to the formulation of similarity indices for baseflow recession analysis, including scaling rules, to predict the moments of baseflow response. Validation of theoretical recession parameters on real‐world streamflow data is complicated due to limited measurement accuracy, changing boundary conditions, and the strong coupling between the saturated aquifer with the overlying unsaturated zone. However, recent advances are shown to have mitigated several of these issues. The extended Boussinesq equation has been successfully applied to represent baseflow dynamics in catchment‐scale hydrological models, and it is currently considered to represent lateral redistribution of groundwater in land surface schemes applied in global circulation models. From the review, it is clear that Wilfried Brutsaert and Jean‐Yves Parlange stimulated a body of research that has led to several fundamental discoveries and practical applications with important contributions in hydrological modeling.
SDSS J1130+0058 an X-shaped radio source with double-peaked low-ionization emission lines: a binary black hole system?

In this paper, we study the object SDSS J1130+0058 which is the only active galactic nuclei (AGN) known to have both double-peaked low-ionization broad emission lines and X-shaped radio structures. Emission from an accretion disc can reproduce the double-peaked line profile of broad Ha, but not the radio structure. Under the accretion disc model, the period of the inner emission-line region is about 230 yr. Using a new method to subtract the stellar component from the data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 4 (DR4), we obtain an internal reddening factor which is less than previously found. The implied smaller amount of dust disfavours the backflow model for the X-shaped radio structure. The presence of a binary black hole (BBH) system is the most natural way to explain both the optical and radio properties of this AGN. Under the assumption of the BBH model, we can estimate the BBH system has a separation of less than 0.04 pc with a period less than 59 yr; this may pose some problem to the emission-line region (BLR) sizes, still we conclude that the BBH model is favoured on the basis of the present limited information.
PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KINERJA INDIVIDUAL PADA PASAR SWALAYAN DI KOTA DENPASAR

This reseach intends to investigate yhe effect of usage effectiveness and trust to accounting information systems (AIS) technology on individual performance. Analysis is conducted aims multiple linier regression. The results show that usage effectiveness affects individual performance positively and significantly, that is 51,7%. Futhermore, trust to AIS technology also has positive an significant impact to individual performance of 17,7%. This is strengthened by respondent answers who have trust level on information system technology as high as 84%. Simultaneusly, usage effect and trust affect individual performance positively and significant with contribution 56,8%.
Health conceptions and levels of acculturation in Mexican American women

A descriptive correlational study investigated the relationship between health conception and levels of acculturation for low income Mexican American women. Mexican American women (n-25) and angle women (n=25) comprised the convenience sample. The Laffrey Health Conception Scale (LHCS) was completed by both groups and the Mexican American group completed the Acculturation Rating Scale Mexican American. No correlation was found between health conception and levels of acculturation for the Mexican American study group. No significant difference was found between the two study groups' scores on the LHCS. A significant difference was found between the two study groups' and middle class anglo women's scores in earl ier research (Laffrey, 1986a)
Learning Mahalanobis distance for DTW based online signature verification

Signature, a form of handwritten depiction, has been and is still widely used as a proof of the writer's identity/intent in human society. Online signatures represents the dynamic process of handwriting as a sequence of feature vectors along time. Dynamic time warping (DTW) has been popularly adopted to compare sequence data. A basic problem in using DTW for signature verification is how to estimate the difference between the feature vectors. Most previous researches made use of Euclidean distance (ED) for this problem. However, ED treats each feature equally and cannot take account of the correlations between features. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed Mahalanobis distance (MD) for signature verification. One key question is how to estimate covariance matrix in MD calculation. We formulate this problem in a learning framework and introduce two criterion for estimating the matrix. The first criteria aims at minimizing the signature difference for the same writer, while the second criteria try to maximize the signature difference between different writers while minimize the within-writer signature difference. We carried out experiments on the MCYT biometric database. The experimental results exhibit that the proposed MD based method achieved better results than ED based method.
Reducing Hispanic Children's Obesity Risk Factors in the First 1000 Days of Life: A Qualitative Analysis

Objectives. Modifiable behaviors during the first 1000 days (conception age 24 months) mediate Hispanic children's obesity disparities. We aimed to examine underlying reasons for early life obesity risk factors and identify potential early life intervention strategies. Methods. We conducted 7 focus groups with 49 Hispanic women who were pregnant or had children < age 24 months. Domains included influences on childhood obesity risk factors and future intervention ideas. We analyzed data with immersion-crystallization methods until no new themes emerged. Results. Themes included coping with pregnancy may trump healthy eating and physical activity; early life weight gain is unrelated to later life obesity; fear of infant hunger drives bottle and early solids introduction; beliefs about infant taste promote early solids and sugary beverage introduction; and belief that screen time promotes infant development. Mothers identified physicians, nutritionists, and relatives as important health information sources and expressed interest in mobile technology and group or home visits for interventions. Conclusion. Opportunities exist in the first 1000 days to improve Hispanic mothers' understanding of the role of early life weight gain in childhood obesity and other obesity risk factors. Interventions that link health care and public health systems and include extended family may prevent obesity among Hispanic children.
A Redshift Survey of Nearby Galaxy Groups: The Shape of the Mass Density Profile

We constrain the mass profile and orbital structure of nearby groups and clusters of galaxies. Our method yields the joint probability distribution of the density slope n, the velocity anisotropy β, and the turnover radius r0 for these systems. The measurement technique does not use results from N-body simulations as priors. We incorporate 2419 new redshifts (included here) in the fields of 41 systems of galaxies with z < 0.04. The new groups have median velocity dispersion σ = 360 km s-1. We also use 979 archived redshifts in the fields of eight nearly relaxed clusters with z < 0.1. Within R ≲ 2r200, the data are consistent with a single power-law matter density distribution with slope n = 1.8-2.2 for systems with σ < 470 km s-1 and n = 1.6-2.0 for those with σ > 470 (95% confidence). We show that a simple, scale-free phase-space distribution function (DF) f(E,L2) ∝ (-E)α-1/2L-2β is consistent with the data as long as the matter density has a cusp. Using this DF, matter density profiles with constant-density cores (n = 0) are ruled out with better than 99.7% confidence.
Directions of Outflows, Disks, Magnetic Fields, and Rotation of Young Stellar Objects in Collapsing Molecular Cloud Cores

The collapse of slowly rotating molecular cloud cores threaded by magnetic fields is investigated by high-resolution numerical simulation. Outflow formation in the collapsing cloud cores is also followed. In the models examined, the cloud core and parent cloud rotate rigidly and are initially threaded by a uniform magnetic field. The simulations show that the cloud core collapses along the magnetic field lines. The magnetic field in the dense region of the cloud core rotates faster than that of the parent cloud as a consequence of spin-up of the central region during the collapse. The cloud core exhibits significant precession of the rotation axis, magnetic field, and disk orientation, with precession highest in the models with low initial field strength (≲20 μG). Precession in models with initial fields of ~40 μG is suppressed by strong magnetic braking. Magnetic braking transfers angular momentum form the central region and acts more strongly on the component of angular momentum oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field. After the formation of an adiabatic core, outflow is ejected along the local magnetic field lines. Strong magnetic braking associated with the outflow causes the direction of angular momentum to converge with that of the local magnetic field, resulting in the convergence of the local magnetic field, angular momentum, outflow, and disk orientation by the outflow formation phase. The magnetic field of a young star is inclined at an angle of no more than 30° from that of the parent cloud at initial field strengths of ~20 μG, while at an initial field strength of ~40 μG, the magnetic field of the young star is well aligned with that of the parent cloud.
Spheroid body-forming cells in the human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 possess cancer stem cell properties

The cancer stem cell theory hypothesizes that cancer stem cells (CSCs), which possess self-renewal and other stem cell properties, are regarded as the cause of tumor formation, recurrence and metastasis. The isolation and identification of CSCs could help to develop novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting CSCs. In this study, we enriched gastric cancer stem cells through spheroid body formation by cultivating the human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 in defined serum-free medium. The stemness characteristics of spheroid body-forming cells, including self-renewal, proliferation, chemoresistance, tumorigenicity of the MKN-45 spheroid body-forming cells were evaluated, and the expression levels of stemness genes and related proteins in the MKN-45 spheroid body-forming cells were assessed. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining for the stem cell markers on spheroid body-forming cells was examined to evaluate the association between stemness factors (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog) and the proposed CSC marker CD44. Our data demonstrated that non-adherent spheroid body-forming cells from the gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 cultured in stem cell-conditioned medium possessed gastric CSC properties, such as persistent self-renewal, extensive proliferation, drug resistance, high tumorigenic capacity and overexpression of CSC-related genes and proteins (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and CD44), compared with the parental cells. More importantly, CD44-positive cells co-expressing the pluripotency genes Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog may represent gastric CSCs. Further experiments using more refined selection criteria such as a combination of two or multiple markers would be useful to specifically identify and purify CSCs.
ServMark: A Framework for Testing Grid Services

The dynamicity, the heterogeneity, or simply the sheer scale of today’s grids expose in grid services problems of performance, functionality, and reliability. While testing under realistic conditions is a proven industrial method, little has been done in grids in this direction. Early testing in real grids reveals failure rates from 10% and up to 45% [1], [2], [3], and functionality problems of around 1 every 3 tests for widelyinstalled grid services [4]1. To further the development of grid services testing in large-scale settings, we present in this work the SERVMARK framework. In SERVMARK, we address two orthogonal research questions : (1) How to test a large-scale, distributed, and (grid)service-based environment? and (2) How to generate realistic testing traces for a wide-range of testing scenarios? To the best of our knowledge, and as the main contribution of this work, ours is the first approach that answers both questions in the context of functionality testing and system tuning, of performance testing, and of reliability testing.
Sensorless Fault Tolerant Control Based On Backstepping Strategy For Induction Motors

Abstract In this paper, a fault tolerant control for induction motors based on backstepping strategy is designed. The proposed approach permits to compensate both the rotor resistance variations and the load torque disturbance. Moreover, to avoid the use of speed and flux sensors, a second order sliding mode observer is used to estimate the flux and the speed. The used observer converges in a finite time and permits to give a good estimate of flux and speed even in presence of rotor resistance variations and load torque disturbance. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control scheme.