Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Externally disposed plasma membrane proteins. II. Metabolic fate of iodinated polypeptides of mouse L cells

The fate of the L-cell plasma membrane proteins labeled by enzymatic iodination was studied. The disappearance of label from growing cells exhibits a biphasic behavior, with 5-20% lost rapidly (t1/2 similar to 2 h) and 80-90% lost relatively slowly (t1/2 similar to 25-33 h). The loss is temperature dependent and serum independent, and is accompanied by the appearance of 51% (125-I)monoiodotyrosine (MIT) in the medium by 47 h. A variable amount (1-14%) of acid-insoluble label can be recovered in the medium over 47 h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)- polyacrylamide gel labeling patterns from cells cultured up to 48 h after iodination reveal no change in the relative distribution of radioactivity, indicating similar rates of degradation for most of the labeled membrane proteins. The fate of the labeled membrane proteins was studied at various times after phagocytosis of nondigestible polystyrene particles. Iodinated L cells phagocytose sufficient 1.1 mum latex beads in 60 min to interiorize 15-30% of the total cell surface area. Electron microscope autoradiography confirmed that labeled membrane is internalized during phagocytosis. The latex-containing phagocytic vacuoles are isolated by flotation in a discontinuous sucrose gradient. 15-30% of the total incorporated label and a comparable percentage of alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity (PDase, a plasma membrane enzyme marker) are recovered in the phagocytic vacuole fraction. Lysosomal enzyme activities are found in the latex vacuole fraction, indicating formation of phagolysosomes. SDS gel analyses reveal that all of the radioactive proteins initially present on the intact cell's surface are interiorized to the same relative extent. Incorporated label and PDase activity disappear much more rapidly from the phagolysosomes than from the whole cell. In the phagolysosomal compartment, greater than 70% of the TCA-precipitable labeled proteins and all of the PDase activity are lost rapidly (t1/2 equals 1-2 h) but similar 30% of the labeled proteins in this compartment are degraded with a 17-20 h half-life. The slowly degraded label is due to specific long-lived polypeptides, of 85,000 and 8,000- 15,000 daltons, which remain in the phagolysosomal membrane up to 40 h after phagocytosis.
Dyslexia in Higher Education: Creating a Fully Inclusive Institution.

Disability legislation demands inclusive institutional policy and practice to meet the needs of the growing numbers of students disclosing specific learning difficulties (SpLD)/dyslexia. However, surveys of provision indicate mixed levels of student satisfaction. Institutions need to be able to monitor the extent to which their practice embodies their inclusive mission statements. Fuller, Healey, Bradley and Hall developed a stage model of progress towards the fully inclusive institution which suggests that departments or individuals can remain at different stages, delaying transformation of the whole system. This case study, conducted within a small university, used documentation, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups to explore attitudes and practices at each level of the institution to establish the extent to which Fuller's model might enable identification and elimination of ‘disablist institutional practice’ and the development of the fully inclusive ethos. Policy, management, lecturers and students were surveyed to explore attitudes and practices relevant to SpLD/dyslexia. Findings indicated that Fuller's model provided a clear and practical way of charting the institution's journey towards full inclusivity. Participants demonstrated the existence of examples of inclusive culture at all levels in University X, alongside a need for strengthened and clarified systems cementing links between management policy and the work of facilitators and lecturers. Inconsistencies in the systems connecting the levels potentially allow disablist practices to survive. Hence, identifying these gaps can facilitate their closure and promote the establishment of the fully inclusive institution.
Social Integration and Longevity: An Event History Analysis of Women's Roles and Resilience

This paper investigates the implications of multiple roles for the longevity of women. Drawing on a two-wave 30-year panel study of 427 wives and mothers in upstate New York we use event history techniques to test the effects of both the number and the nature of roles on the duration of womens lives. We find that social integration defined by the number of roles occupied promotes longevity but that one form of integration--membership in a voluntary organization--is especially salutary. (EXCERPT)
Meta-analysis of Predictive Clinicopathologic Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Early Colorectal Carcinoma

The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to determine risk factors that may facilitate patient selection for radical resections or additional resections after a polypectomy. Eligible articles were identified by searches of PUBMED, Cochrane Library and Korean Medical Database using the terms (early colorectal carcinoma [ECC], lymph node metastasis [LNM], colectomy, endoscopic resection). Thirteen cohort studies of 7,066 ECC patients who only underwent radical surgery have been analysed. There was a significant risk of LNM when they had submucosal invasion (≥ SM2 or ≥ 1,000 µm) (odds Ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-6.62, P = 0.007). Moreover, it has been found that vascular invasion (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.95-3.74; P < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (OR, 6.91; 95% CI, 5.40-8.85; P < 0.001), poorly differentiated carcinomas (OR, 8.27; 95% CI, 4.67-14.66; P < 0.001) and tumor budding (OR, 4.59; 95% CI, 3.44-6.13; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with LNM. Furthermore, another analysis was carried out on eight cohort studies of 310 patients who underwent additional surgeries after an endoscopic resection. The major factors identified in these studies include lymphovascular invasion on polypectomy specimens (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 2.46-12.17; P < 0.001) and poorly or moderately differentiated carcinomas (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.08-15.33; P = 0.04). For ECC patients with ≥ SM2 or ≥ 1,000 µm submucosal invasion, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, poorly differentiated carcinomas or tumor budding, it is deemed that a more extensive resection accompanied by a lymph node dissection is necessary. Even if the lesion is completely removed by an endoscopic resection, an additional surgical resection should be considered in patients with poorly or moderately differentiated carcinomas or lymphovascular invasion. Graphical Abstract
Phonological Awareness and Musical Aptitude.

The relationship between phonological awareness and musical aptitude in pre-school children was examined. In Experiment 1, Turkish children, and in Experiment 2, American children performed various phoneme deletion tasks with words in their respective native languages and with pseudo-words. They also did initial and final tone deletion tasks with snippets of melodies. Because none of these children knew how to read, both tasks were presumed to depend largely on pure auditory skills. In general, success in the different phoneme deletion tasks reflected the characteristics of the specific languages with which the children were familiar. In addition, in both experiments, children in the high musical aptitude group did much better on all tasks than those in the low musical aptitude group, showing that success in manipulating linguistic sounds was related to awareness of distinct musical sounds.
Treatment effects of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in patients with severe sepsis with or without overt disseminated intravascular coagulation 1

Summary. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious condition associated with sepsis. Clinical management of DIC is hampered by lack of clear diagnostic criteria. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) has proposed a diagnostic scoring algorithm for overt DIC based on routine laboratory tests. The objective was to assess a modified version of the ISTH scoring system and determine the effect of drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA, recombinant human activated protein C) on patients with DIC. The large database from the PROWESS clinical trial in severe sepsis was retrospectively used to assess a modified ISTH scoring system. Baseline characteristics and treatment effects of DrotAA were evaluated. At baseline, 29% (454/1568) of patients had overt DIC. Overt DIC was a strong predictor of mortality, independent of APACHE II score and age. Placebo‐treated patients with overt DIC had higher mortality than patients without (43 vs. 27%). DrotAA‐treated patients with overt DIC had a trend towards greater relative risk reduction in mortality than patients without (29 vs. 18%, P = 0.261) but both groups had greater relative risk reduction than placebo‐treated patients. Serious bleeding rates during DrotAA infusion in patients with and without overt DIC were slightly increased (P = 0.498), compared with placebo, while clinically overt thrombotic events during the 28‐day period were slightly reduced (P = 0.144). Modified ISTH overt DIC scoring may be useful as an independent assessment for identifying severe sepsis patients at high risk of death with a favorable risk/benefit profile for DrotAA treatment. Patients without overt DIC also received significant treatment benefit.
Patterns of Vulnerabilities and Resources in U.S. Military Families

The appropriate format for services supporting military families depends on how vulnerabilities and resources are distributed across and within those families. If different types of vulnerabilities cluster together, then programs supporting families should combine multiple services rather than targeting specific concerns. Yet scant data exist about how vulnerabilities and resources covary within military families. The current study addressed this issue through a latent class analysis of data on a wide range of domains obtained from a stratified random sample of 1,981 deployable, active component, married servicemembers and their spouses. Within married deployable servicemembers, results indicated that vulnerabilities and resources cluster together within individuals; servicemembers at high risk in one domain are likely to be high risk in multiple domains. This is less the case for spouses. One or both spouses are vulnerable in 39% of couples. These results support programs that provide vulnerable military families with more comprehensive services.
VERTICAL PARASAGITTAL HEMISPHEROTOMY: SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND CLINICAL LONG‐TERM OUTCOMES IN A POPULATION OF 83 CHILDREN

OBJECTIVE Hemispherotomy techniques have been developed to reduce complication rates and achieve the best possible seizure control. We present the results of our pediatric patients who underwent vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy and evaluate the safety and global long-term outcome of this technique. METHODS Eighty-three patients underwent vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy by the same neurosurgeon (OD) between 1990 and 2000. We reviewed all patients between 2001 and 2003 for a standard global evaluation. The general principle is to achieve, through a posterior frontal cortical window, the same line of disconnection as performed with the classic hemispherectomy, while leaving the majority of the hemisphere intact along with its afferent and efferent vascular supply. METHODS Seventy-four percent of the patients were seizure-free; among them, 77% were seizure-free without further drug treatment. Twelve percent rarely had seizures (Engel Class II) and 14% continued to have seizures (Engel Class III or IV). The results varied according to the etiology, but this variation was not statistically significant. The early postoperative course was uneventful for 94% of the children, and shunt placement was necessary in 15%. We found a correlation between the preoperative delay and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior score: children with a longer duration of seizures had lower performances. CONCLUSION Vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy is an effective surgical technique for hemispheric disconnection. It allows complete disconnection of the hemisphere through a cortical window with good results in terms of seizure outcome and a comparably low complication rate.
Cyberbullying in the global playground : research from international perspectives

About the Editors vii About the Contributors ix Preface xii Part I Introduction 1 1 Research Into Cyberbullying: Context 3 Qing Li, Peter K. Smith, and Donna Cross Part II European Studies Within a DAPHNE Project 13 2 Comparative Aspects of Cyberbullying in Italy, England, and Spain: Findings From a DAPHNE Project 15 Maria Luisa Genta, Peter K. Smith, Rosario Ortega, Antonella Brighi, Annalisa Guarini, Fran Thompson, Neil Tippett, Joaquin Mora-Merchan, and Juan Calmaestra 3 Self-Esteem and Loneliness in Relation to Cyberbullying in Three European Countries 32 Antonella Brighi, Giannino Melotti, Annalisa Guarini, Maria Luisa Genta, Rosario Ortega, Joaquin Mora-Merchan, Peter K. Smith, and Fran Thompson 4 Cyberbullying in Finland 57 Christina Salmivalli and Virpi Poyhonen Part III Studies in Commonwealth Countries 73 5 Cyberbullying in Australia: Is School Context Related to Cyberbullying Behavior? 75 Donna Cross, Therese Shaw, Melanie Epstein, Helen Monks, Julian Dooley, and Lydia Hearn 6 Predicting Student Behaviors: Cyberbullies, Cybervictims, and Bystanders 99 Qing Li and Tak Fung Part IV Studies in the USA 115 7 An Examination of the History, Prevalence, Characteristics, and Reporting of Cyberbullying in the United States 117 Brett Holfeld and Mark Grabe 8 Cyberbullying in the United States 143 Sheri Bauman Part V Studies in the Pacific Rim 181 9 Cyberbullying in Japan: Cases, Government Reports, Adolescent Relational Aggression, and Parental Monitoring Roles 183 Ikuko Aoyama, Shoka Utsumi, and Motohiro Hasegawa 10 Cyberbullying in South Korea 202 Neil Tippett and Keumjoo Kwak Part VI The Psychological Context of Cyberbullying 221 11 Virtual but not Less Real: A Study of Cyberbullying and Its Relations to Moral Disengagement and Empathy 223 Ana Almeida, Isabel Correia, Sylvie Marinho, and D Jamila Garcia 12 Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying: Unique, Additive, and Synergistic Effects on Psychological Health Symptoms 245 Ersilia Menesini, Pamela Calussi, and Annalaura Nocentini 13 Motives for Bullying Others in Cyberspace: A Study on Bullies and Bully-Victims in Austria 263 Petra Gradinger, Dagmar Strohmeier, and Christiane Spiel Part VII Research and Intervention in Cyberbullying 285 14 Understanding and Preventing Cyberbullying: Where Have We Been and Where Should We Be Going? 287 Donna Cross, Qing Li, Peter K. Smith, and Helen Monks Index 306
Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Valvular Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention in Africa

Background— Unlike the Western world, valvular disease ranks among the major cardiovascular afflictions in Africa. Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic valvular disease in their most virulent form are still commonly encountered and impose a huge burden on limited healthcare resources. Methods and Results— We performed a systematic review of the literature with PubMed using rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, valvular disease, warfarin anticoagulation, and pregnancy as search items. Literature emanating from Africa was emphasized. Epidemiology, current concepts on pathogenesis, and aspects of the medical and surgical management of this disease as seen from an African perspective are presented. The association of pregnancy with mitral stenosis is common and may be fatal if not managed appropriately. A practical approach to these patients is presented to optimize maternal and fetal outcome. Pregnant patients with mechanical valves require careful attention to ensure maternal survival and prevent fetal warfarin embryopathy. Prolonged subcutaneous heparin and frequent monitoring of the partial thromboplastin time are impractical in this setting, and the merits of different anticoagulation regimens are discussed. Congenital submitral aneurysms are a unique cause of mitral regurgitation, with the vast majority of cases originating from sub-Saharan Africa. Although the precise etiology is as yet unclear, the clinical and echocardiographic features are sufficiently characteristic to allow a preoperative diagnosis to be made. Transesophageal echocardiography allows much better definition of the size and anatomic relationships of the aneurysm. Surgical resection can be difficult but is usually curative. Mitral valve prolapse and endocarditis constitute the remaining frequent causes of valvular disease and are discussed briefly. Conclusions— The spectrum and presentation of valvular disease in Africa are uniquely different from elsewhere. Together with socioeconomic issues and the HIV pandemic, this fact makes it imperative that further epidemiological and clinical studies be undertaken and guidelines developed that are appropriate to the practice of medicine on the African continent.
Investigating microphone efficacy for facilitation of mobile speech-based data entry

Despite being nominated as a key potential interaction technique for supporting today's mobile technology user, the widespread commercialisation of speech-based input is currently being impeded by unacceptable recognition error rates. Developing effective speech-based solutions for use in mobile contexts, given the varying extent of background noise, is challenging. The research presented in this paper is part of an ongoing investigation into how best to incorporate speech-based input within mobile data collection applications. Specifically, this paper reports on a comparison of three different commercially available microphones in terms of their efficacy to facilitate mobile, speech-based data entry. We describe, in detail, our novel evaluation design as well as the results we obtained.
Can Emotional Intelligence Be Schooled? A Critical Review

This article critically reviews the claimed role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the educational and school context. Our review shows that most intervention programs were not specifically designed to change EI, and very few systematic interventions meet the canons of internal and external validity. Consequently, little objective evidence attesting to the useful role of EI as a predictor of school success and adjustment exists beyond that predicted by intelligence and personality factors. Herein we discuss several crucial issues that need to be addressed prior to developing and implementing EI programs, and we provide specific guidelines for the development, implementation, and evaluation of future EI programs. Currently, the successful schooling of EI is still undetermined.
Quantum computation with optical coherent states

Summary form only given. We discuss an efficient scheme which is elegant in its simplicity. By encoding the quantum information in multi-photon coherent states, rather than single photon states, simple optical manipulations acquire unexpected power. The required resource, which may be produced non-deterministically, is a superposition of the vacuum and a coherent state. Given this, the scheme is deterministic and requires only simple linear optics and photon counting. Qubit readout uses homodyne detection.
Highly oriented La doped (K, Na)NbO3 ferroelectric thin films

Lead-free (K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>1-3x</sub>La<sub>x</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> (x = 0.0-0.005) thin films were synthesized by chemical solution deposition. The X-ray analysis showed that (K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) and La doped KNN single-phase thin films were obtained with a [100] preferred orientation. When doping with La, thin films exhibited a remarkably low leakage current and higher dielectric properties.
Considering Harm Reduction as the Future of Doping Control Policy in International Sport

Since the 1960s, major international sporting organizations enforced a prohibition on performance-enhancing drugs. The scope of this enforcement expanded to the current system regulated by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Although the sophistication of the detective sciences and the comprehensive enforcement of these prohibitions have improved over time, supporters of the ban on drug use in sport still struggle with 3 issues: Doping is still quite common; the ability to detect established drugs have driven users to newer, more experimental substances; and the prohibition policy lacks sufficient moral justifications. This article suggests that the debate over doping has bifurcated between those who continue to support antidoping measures with insufficient ethical grounds and those who would potentially permit the unregulated use of performance-enhancement technologies in sport because of insufficient justifications for prohibition. A third way, posed herein, suggests the most ethically defensible policy is a harm-reduction approach.
Prioritization : reducing delays on legitimate mail caused by junk mail

In recent years the volume of junk email (spam, virus etc.) has increased dramatically. These unwanted messages clutter up users’ mailboxes, consume server resources, and cause delays to the delivery of mail. This paper presents an approach that ensures that non-junk mail is delivered without excessive delay, at the expense of delaying junk mail. Using data from two Internet-facing mail servers, we show how it is possible to simply and accurately predict whether the next message sent from a particular server will be good or junk, by monitoring the types of messages previously sent. The prediction can be used to delay acceptance of junk mail, and prioritize good mail through the mail server, ensuring that loading is reduced and delays are low, even if the server is overloaded. The paper includes a review of server-based anti-spam techniques, and an evaluation of these against the data. We develop and calibrate a model of mail server performance, and use it to predict the performance of the prioritization scheme. We also describe an implementation on a standard mail server.
Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Korean Adults

Purpose Although the incidence of thyroid cancer in Korea has rapidly increased over the past decade, few studies have investigated its risk factors. This study examined the risk factors for thyroid cancer in Korean adults. Materials and Methods The study design was a hospital-based case-control study. Between August 2002 and December 2011, a total of 802 thyroid cancer cases out of 34,211 patients screened from the Cancer Screenee. Cohort of the National Cancer Center in South Korea were included in the analysis. A total of 802 control cases were selected from the same cohort, and matched individually (1:1) by age (±2 years) and area of residence for control group 1 and additionally by sex for control group 2. Results Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis using the control group 1 showed that females and those with a family history of thyroid cancer had an increased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas ever-smokers and those with a higher monthly household income had a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. On the other hand, the analysis using control group 2 showed that a family history of cancer and alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas higher body mass index (BMI) and family history of thyroid cancer were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Conclusion These findings suggest that females, those with a family history of thyroid cancer, those with a higher BMI, non-smokers, non-drinkers, and those with a lower monthly household income have an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.