Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sialoadhesin – a macrophage‐restricted marker of immunoregulation and inflammation

Sialoadhesin (Sn, also known as Siglec‐1 and CD169) is a macrophage‐restricted cell surface receptor that is conserved across mammals. Sn is a member of the sialic acid‐binding IgG‐like lectin (Siglec) family of proteins characterized by affinity to specifically sialylated ligands, and under normal conditions is expressed on subsets of macrophages in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as lymph node and spleen. However, Sn‐positive macrophages can also be found in a variety of pathological conditions, including (autoimmune) inflammatory infiltrates and tumours. Sn has been shown to contribute to sialylated pathogen uptake, antigen presentation and lymphocyte proliferation, and to influence both immunity and tolerance. This review presents Sn as a macrophage‐specific marker of inflammation and immunoregulation with the potential to becoming an important biomarker for immunologically active macrophages and a target for therapy.
Completely Organic Multilayer Thin Film with Thermoelectric Power Factor Rivaling Inorganic Tellurides

Composed exclusively of organic components, polyaniline (PANi), graphene, and double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs) are alternately deposited from aqueous solutions using a layer-by-layer assembly. The 40 quadlayer thin film (470 nm thick) exhibits electrical conductivity of 1.08 × 10(5) S m(-1) and a Seebeck coefficient of 130 μV K(-1) , producing a thermoelectric power factor of 1825 μW m(-1) K(-2) .
ESPGHAN Revised Porto Criteria for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents

Background: The diagnosis of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) can be challenging in choosing the most informative diagnostic tests and correctly classifying PIBD into its different subtypes. Recent advances in our understanding of the natural history and phenotype of PIBD, increasing availability of serological and fecal biomarkers, and the emergence of novel endoscopic and imaging technologies taken together have made the previous Porto criteria for the diagnosis of PIBD obsolete. Methods: We aimed to revise the original Porto criteria using an evidence-based approach and consensus process to yield specific practice recommendations for the diagnosis of PIBD. These revised criteria are based on the Paris classification of PIBD and the original Porto criteria while incorporating novel data, such as for serum and fecal biomarkers. A consensus of at least 80% of participants was achieved for all recommendations and the summary algorithm. Results: The revised criteria depart from existing criteria by defining 2 categories of ulcerative colitis (UC, typical and atypical); atypical phenotypes of UC should be treated as UC. A novel approach based on multiple criteria for diagnosing IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) is proposed. Specifically, these revised criteria recommend upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and ileocolonscopy for all suspected patients with PIBD, with small bowel imaging (unless typical UC after endoscopy and histology) by magnetic resonance enterography or wireless capsule endoscopy. Conclusions: These revised Porto criteria for the diagnosis of PIBD have been developed to meet present challenges and developments in PIBD and provide up-to-date guidelines for the definition and diagnosis of the IBD spectrum.
Personality Types and Applicant Reactions in Real‐Life Selection

The study aimed to determine if an applicant's personality type is associated with his/her reactions (fairness perceptions, face validity perceptions, and predictive validity perceptions) to the selection process. The participants (N = 258) were real‐life applicants for admission to a vocational school. A person‐centered approach was applied to find subgroups with similar personality profiles. Latent profile analysis found four personality types: Resilient (45%), Overcontrolled (13%), Undercontrolled (10%), and Bohemian (32%). The Resilient and Bohemian personality types had more favorable perceptions of test fairness than the Overcontrolled type. Personality type did not affect face validity or predictive validity perceptions. The results suggest that personality (type) could be included in applicant reactions models and in analyses investigating the antecedents of applicant reactions.
Smash Mouth Football

Opportunities for women to participate on professional women’s football teams have expanded over the past decade. Still the experiences of these players have largely gone unnoticed by the general public in the United States and underanalyzed by scholars. Using a feminist interactionist framework, this research examines how women on a successful Midwestern football team developed and maintained their identities as football players. The major themes that emerged from participant observations and semistructured interviews include play the right way, recognize uniqueness, and demand respect.
Long-term regular dental attendance and periodontal disease in the 1998 adult dental health survey.

AIM The aim of this study was to explore the association between long-term pattern of dental attendance and periodontal disease among British adults. METHODS We used data from 3272 adults who participated in the 1998 Adult Dental Health Survey in the UK. Participants were classified into four trajectories (current, always, former and never regular attenders) based on their responses to three questions on lifetime dental attendance patterns. The numbers of teeth with pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm and loss of attachment (LOA) ≥4 mm were the outcome measures. The association between dental attendance patterns and each periodontal measure was assessed in crude and adjusted models using negative binomial regression. RESULTS Never and former regular attenders had more teeth with PD ≥4 mm (Rate Ratios with 95% Confidence Interval: 1.58 [1.28-1.95] and 1.34 [1.12-1.60] respectively) and LOA ≥4 mm (1.34 [1.04-1.72] and 1.37 [1.07-1.75] respectively) than always regular attenders, after adjustments for demographic (sex, age and country of residence) and socioeconomic factors (education and social class). However, no differences in periodontal measures were found between always and current regular attenders. CONCLUSION This analysis of national cross-sectional data shows that adults with different long-term patterns of dental attendance have different periodontal health status.
Transmission of Non-Uniform Memoryless Sources over Wireless Fading Channels via Non-Systematic Turbo Codes 1

In this work, we investigate the joint source-channel codin g problem of transmitting non-uniform memoryless sources over wireless Rayleigh fading channels via Turbo codes. The source redundancy in the form of non-uniformity is exploited in the Turbo decoder by incorporating the source statistics in the modified extrinsic information. In contrast to previous work, non-systematic recursive convolutional encoders are proposed as the constituent encoders, as they produce almost uniform outputs irrespective of the degree of non-uniformity in the source. As a result, unlike the outputs of systematic encoders, they are suitably matched to the channel input since a uniformly distributed input maximizes the channel mutual information and hence achieves capacity. Simulation results show substantial gains achieved over previously designed systemat ic Turbo codes, and the gaps to the optimal Shannon limit are therefore significantly reduced. In comparison with a tandem scheme, our system offers robust and superior performance at low BER levels (below 10 4), while the complexity is lower.
Bonded Fatalities: Relational and Ecological Dimensions of a Fire Evacuation

I build on previous findings in disaster research with a quantitative examination of individual-level fatality risk in a fire evacuation. Using data concerning people who were present at the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire of 1977, I show that the probability of an individual perishing in the fire was a function of the relational and ecological properties of their evacuation environment. Logistic regression analyses suggest that individuals for whom at least one group member died experienced a drastic increase in fatality risk. Physical threats and situational constraints in the environment distributed fatality across blocks of people, which were defined largely by primary group membership. This effect is due, in part, to the strengths of the social bonds that these individuals had to group members who perished.
Lineage-Specific Modulation of Interleukin 4 Signaling by Interferon Regulatory Factor 4

Interleukin (IL)-4 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that exerts distinct biological activities on different cell types. Our studies indicate that interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4 is both a target and a modulator of the IL-4 signaling cascade. IRF-4 expression is strongly upregulated upon costimulation of B cells with CD40 and IL-4. Furthermore, we find that IRF-4 can interact with signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)6 and drive the expression of IL-4–inducible genes. The transactivating ability of IRF-4 is blocked by the repressor factor BCL-6. Since expression of IRF-4 is mostly confined to lymphoid cells, these data provide a potential mechanism by which IL-4–inducible genes can be regulated in a lineage-specific manner.
Environmental impact of insecticides applied on biotech soybean crops in relation to the distance from aquatic ecosystems

Aquatic environments located in areas cultivated with biotech soybean were studied. Water and sediment samples were analyzed for insecticides, acute toxicity, genotoxicity, detoxification biomarkers, and fish diversity. Samples were taken in the core area of soybean cultivation in Argentina; all measures were related to the distance between the crops and the streams sampled. Endosulfan (α + β) concentrations as high as 553.33 µg/kg were found in sediments from environments located at 0.15 m from treated fields. Ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) activity and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) gene expression in fish showed the highest correlation with the environmental concentration of endosulfan. These biomarkers and mortality of amphipods significantly correlated with the concentration of endosulfan in water and sediment, which correlates inversely with the distance between the crop and streams. The differences with respective controls disappear at distances greater than 5 m. The fish diversity was significantly lower from distances between the margin of the stream and soybean crops, not exceeding 2 m. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1907–1917. © 2010 SETAC
The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Salesperson's Turnover Intention

Reducing the turnover of salespeople who are meeting and exceeding goals can make a significant contribution to a firm’s bottom line. This study was designed to examine the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on salesperson’s turnover intention through ethical climate, person-organization-fit, and organizational commitment. Drawing on data from 387 salespeople from six companies from the pharmaceutical, real estate, and food and beverage industries, a latent variable model was tested using structural equation modeling with the use of AMOS version 19. A survey questionnaire was used to gather the data while multi-stage sampling was utilized to choose the respondents. The results from the study indicate that (1) transformational leadership was found to directly decrease turnover intention, and (2) indirectly reduce turnover intention through perceived ethical climate, person-organization-fit, and organizational commitment. Given the findings of this study, firms are provided with insights into how transformational leadership may contribute to managing turnover which should lead to better company financial performance in an Asian market. Moreover, this study provides support that U.S.-based scales used to measure sales management issues can be adapted into a Philippine framework.
The Relationship–specific Interpretation Bias Mediates the Link between Neuroticism and Satisfaction in Couples

Neuroticism has repeatedly been shown to be a predictor of relationship dissatisfaction in couples. The aim of the current research was to uncover the underlying cognitive processes of this robust effect. We focused on anxiety as one aspect of neuroticism that is associated with different kinds of cognitive biases. On the basis of the assumption that biased information processing will also affect specific interpersonal contexts such as romantic relationships, it was expected that the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a rather negative way would work as a potential mediator. In Study 1, parallel forms of a new measure to capture the relationship–specific interpretation bias (RIB) were developed (N = 182). In Study 2, the proposed meditational role of the RIB was investigated in a dyadic sample of 210 couples. Dyadic analysis using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model showed mediation of the interpretation bias even when the general interpretation bias and attachment styles were controlled. Results support the assumption that biased relationship–specific interpretations are one important mechanism for how neuroticism exerts its negative influence on relationship satisfaction. We conclude that personality–congruent cognitive processing may not only have individual consequences but also affect overall couple functioning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cueing on the preparation and execution of untrained and trained complex motor responses

This study investigated the influence of cueing on the performance of untrained and trained complex motor responses. Healthy adults responded to a visual target by performing four sequential movements (complex response) or a single movement (simple response) of their middle finger. A visual cue preceded the target by an interval of 300, 1000, or 2000 ms. In Experiment 1, the complex and simple responses were not previously trained. During the testing session, the complex response pattern varied on a trial-by-trial basis following the indication provided by the visual cue. In Experiment 2, the complex response and the simple response were extensively trained beforehand. During the testing session, the trained complex response pattern was performed in all trials. The latency of the untrained and trained complex responses decreased from the short to the medium and long cue-target intervals. The latency of the complex response was longer than that of the simple response, except in the case of the trained responses and the long cue-target interval. These results suggest that the preparation of untrained complex responses cannot be completed in advance, this being possible, however, for trained complex responses when enough time is available. The duration of the 1st submovement, 1st pause and 2nd submovement of the untrained and the trained complex responses increased from the short to the long cue-target interval, suggesting that there is an increase of online programming of the response possibly related to the degree of certainty about the moment of target appearance.
Material Culture of Religion: New Approaches to Functionality in Islamic Objects

Religious artefacts are usually evaluated in the light of good-old symbolism rather than functionality. This makes these artefacts perceived as objects alienated to the contemporary paradigm of design in its classical sense the outcome of the formula ‘form follows function’. However, symbolism is not sufficient to explain the material culture of religious objects, because they mostly refer to specific practices and rituals. In this situation there is a strong need to go beyond purely symbolic patterns and have a fresh look at the issue of functionality and design. This paper aims to discuss the historical origins and sociological perspectives of material culture of religion, with a specific reference to Islam and Sufism, interrogating religious objects with a view to focusing on their functionality. All these discussions are structured on the three basic categories of function, namely; techno-function, socio-function and ideo-function.
Urban district identity as a common ingroup identity: The different role of ingroup prototypicality for minority and majority groups

In this paper, we examined how identification with urban districts as a common ingroup identity and perceived ingroup prototypicality influence the attitudes of residents toward other ethnic groups in their neighborhood. The overall conclusion of two field studies (N = 214 and N = 98) is that for majority-group members, there may be a positive relation between identification with an overarching identity and outgroup attitudes but only when they perceive their ingroup as low in prototypicality for the overarching group (Study 1 and 2). Conversely, for minority-group members, there may be a positive relation between identification and outgroup attitudes but only when they perceive their ingroup as high in prototypicality for the overarching group (Study 2). Outgroup prototypicality did not moderate the relation between identification and outgroup attitudes
Secondary sexual ornamentation and non-additive genetic benefits of female mate choice

Ornamental secondary sexual traits are hypothesized to evolve in response to directional mating preferences for more ornamented mates. Such mating preferences may themselves evolve partly because ornamentation indicates an individual's additive genetic quality (good genes). While mate choice can also confer non-additive genetic benefits (compatible genes), the identity of the most ‘compatible’ mate is assumed to depend on the choosy individual's own genotype. It is therefore unclear how choice for non-additive genetic benefits could contribute to directional mating preferences and consequently the evolution of ornamentation. In free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), individual males varied in their kinship with the female population. Furthermore, a male's song repertoire size, a secondary sexual trait, was negatively correlated with kinship such that males with larger repertoires were less closely related to the female population. After excluding close relatives as potential mates, individual females were on average less closely related to males with larger repertoires. Therefore, female song sparrows expressing directional preferences for males with larger repertoires would on average acquire relatively unrelated mates and produce relatively outbred offspring. Such non-additive genetic fitness benefits of directional mating preferences, which may reflect genetic dominance variance expressed in structured populations, should be incorporated into genetic models of sexual selection.
Protection against acute lethal viral infections with the native steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A significant protective effect of a native adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), was demonstrated in studies of two lethal viral infection models in mice: systemic coxsackievirus B4 and herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis. The steroid was active either by long‐term feeding or by a single subcutaneous injection. A closely related steroid, etiocholanolone, was not protective in these models. Histopathological analysis, leukocyte counts, and numbers of spleen antibody forming cells in the coxsackievirus B4 model suggests that DHEA functions by maintaining or potentiating the immune competence of mice otherwise depressed by viral infection. DHEA was not effective in genetically immunodeficient HRS/J hr/hr mice and did not demonstrate antiviral activity in vitro. While the molecular basis for DHEA's effect on the immune system is not known, studies by others suggest that it may counteract the stress related immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids stimulated by viral infection. Because DHEA is a native steroid that has been used clinically with minimal side effects, the utility of DHEA in the therapeutic modulation of acute and chronic viral infections including the acquired immune deficiency syndrome deserves intensive study.
Managing Cancer Pain at the End of Life with Multiple Strong Opioids: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Primary Care

Background End-of-life cancer patients commonly receive more than one type of strong opioid. The three-step analgesic ladder framework of the World Health Organisation (WHO) provides no guidance on multiple opioid prescribing and there is little epidemiological data available to inform practice. This study aims to investigate the time trend of such cases and the associated factors. Methods Strong opioid prescribing in the last three months of life of cancer patients were extracted from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). The outcome variable was the number of different types of prescribed non-rescue doses of opioids (1 vs 2–4, referred to as a complex case). Associated factors were evaluated using prevalence ratios (PR) derived from multivariate log-binomial model, adjusting for clustering effects and potential confounding variables. Results Overall, 26.4% (95% CI: 25.6–27.1%) of 13,427 cancer patients (lung 41.7%, colorectal 19.1%, breast 18.6%, prostate 15.5%, head and neck 5.0%) were complex cases. Complex cases increased steadily over the study period (1.02% annually, 95%CI: 0.42–1.61%, p = 0.048) but with a small dip (7.5% reduction, 95%CI: −0.03 to 17.8%) around the period of the Shipman case, a British primary care doctor who murdered his patients with opioids. The dip significantly affected the correlation of the complex cases with persistent increasing background opioid prescribing (weighted correlation coefficients pre-, post-Shipman periods: 0.98(95%CI: 0.67–1.00), p = 0.011; 0.14 (95%CI: −0.85 to 0.91), p = 0.85). Multivariate adjusted analysis showed that the complex cases were predominantly associated with year of death (PRs vs 2000: 1.05–1.65), not other demographic and clinical factors except colorectal cancer (PR vs lung cancer: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12–1.37). Conclusion These findings suggest that prescribing behaviour, rather than patient factors, plays an important role in multiple opioid prescribing at the end of life; highlighting the need for training and education that goes beyond the well-recognised WHO approach for clinical practitioners.