Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Older adult and family member perspectives of the decision-making process involved in moving to assisted living

The decision to move into assisted living (AL) can be viewed as a life-changing process for older adults and their families; and each may possess differing views of this process. This qualitative study examined the AL decision-making process as described by twenty-two older adult and family member dyads. Participants described emotional and logistical components related to the AL moving decision. Further, fifteen of twenty-two dyads expressed conflicting or differing views of the AL moving decision. Our discussion examines the need for future studies to explore the impact of family and older adult disagreements on the older adult’s AL adjustment; the necessity for community-based agencies and AL settings to provide social services over the duration of the decision-making process; and the importance of employing social workers skilled in family practice in the AL setting.
Getting What's New from Newcomers: Empowering Leadership, Creativity, and Adjustment in the Socialization Context

Researchers consistently argue that organizations need to generate creative ideas to ensure long-term success and survival. One possible solution for increasing creativity is to inject “fresh blood” into the organization by hiring new employees. However, past work suggests there may be a number of impediments that stifle newcomer creativity and, further, that encouraging newcomer creativity may compromise other adjustment outcomes. Accordingly, the present research examines how empowering leaders, in conjunction with contextual and relational factors (i.e., organizational support for creativity and newcomers’ trust in leaders), facilitate newcomer creativity. Study 1 indicates that empowering leadership positively predicts newcomer creativity and that this relationship is contingent on the organizational context. Study 2 reveals that more specific and proximal contextual socialization factor – newcomers’ trust in leaders – is a more potent moderator than organizational support for creativity. Further, these predictors operate through creative process engagement to influence creativity. Finally, results indicate positive links between empowering leadership and role clarity, attachment, and task performance, suggesting that empowering leadership may serve as an important, albeit overlooked, socialization tactic.
Glycolytic fast-twitch muscle fiber restoration counters adverse age-related changes in body composition and metabolism

Aging is associated with the development of insulin resistance, increased adiposity, and accumulation of ectopic lipid deposits in tissues and organs. Starting in mid‐life there is a progressive decline in lean muscle mass associated with the preferential loss of glycolytic, fast‐twitch myofibers. However, it is not known to what extent muscle loss and metabolic dysfunction are causally related or whether they are independent epiphenomena of the aging process. Here, we utilized a skeletal‐muscle‐specific, conditional transgenic mouse expressing a constitutively active form of Akt1 to examine the consequences of glycolytic, fast‐twitch muscle growth in young vs. middle‐aged animals fed standard low‐fat chow diets. Activation of the Akt1 transgene led to selective skeletal muscle hypertrophy, reversing the loss of lean muscle mass observed upon aging. The Akt1‐mediated increase in muscle mass led to reductions in fat mass and hepatic steatosis in older animals, and corrected age‐associated impairments in glucose metabolism. These results indicate that the loss of lean muscle mass is a significant contributor to the development of age‐related metabolic dysfunction and that interventions that preserve or restore fast/glycolytic muscle may delay the onset of metabolic disease.
“My In-group is Superior!”: Susceptibility for Radical Right-wing Attitudes and Behaviors in Dutch Youth

In this study among Dutch youth (N = 1086), we focus on the determinants of the susceptibility for adopting radical right-wing attitudes and behaviors. By means of structural equation modeling, we find that (a) perceived injustice, (b) perceived group threat, (c) relative deprivation, and (d) identification with the Dutch are important background determinants of a radical right-wing belief system (e.g., perceived in-group superiority, perceived illegitimacy of Dutch authorities, perceived distance to others, and a feeling of being socially disconnected). Perceived in-group superiority in turn is positively associated with endorsement of right-wing motivated violence, which is a determinant of own violent intentions. Results are discussed in terms of the role of various determinants of the process of susceptibility of extreme right-wing belief system.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocukların Kişilerarası Problem Çözme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi

The aim of the study was to determine preschool children's interpersonal problem solving skills and the factors affecting these skills in detail. For this purpose, quantitative and qualitative research methods were used conjunctively and the research was planned in accordance with "screening model". This research is a descriptive research that enquired the current situation. The study group was comprised of 152 children selected from 10 kindergartens attached to the Ministry of Education in the province of Giresun. The children participating in the study were chosen by random sampling method. To collect data of the study, Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory (IPSI) developed by Ozdil (2008) was used. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher was used to make interviews with teachers and parents. In this research, data were collected from three different participants, namely from pre-school children in the case of quantitative data analysis and from teachers and families in the case of qualitative data analysis. After analyzing the data from Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory, the children who got the lowest score were determined based on the results of the analysis. Then, interviews were conducted with classroom teachers and parents of these children to obtain in-depth information. Content analysis and the ANOVA test were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data of the research, respectively. Considering the results of the study, it is apparent that quantitative and qualitative data are consistent with each other. Significance was detected as a result of the statistical analysis performed between time spent by children watching TV and their parental structures and their interpersonal problem-solving skills, while teachers and parents of children were found to focus on their parental structure and time spent by them watching TV. Teachers expressed their views about behavioral problems of children with interpersonal problem solving problem as aggression, verbal threats, not sharing, not participating in group activities, crying and maternal/paternal dependency, and the parents expressed their views under themes of aggression, verbal threats, crying and maternal / paternal dependency.
Performance of the CoughAssist Insufflation-Exsufflation Device in the Presence of an Endotracheal Tube or Tracheostomy Tube: A Bench Study

BACKGROUND: The CoughAssist is a mechanical insufflator-exsufflator designed to assist airway secretion clearance in patients with ineffective cough. The device may benefit intubated and tracheotomized patients. We assessed the impact of various artificial airways on peak expiratory flow (PEF) with the CoughAssist. METHODS: We measured PEF and pressure at the airway opening in a lung model during insufflation-exsufflation with the CoughAssist, at 3 set pressures: 30/–30, 40/–40, and 50/–50 cm H2O, first without (control), and then with different sizes (6.5 to 8.5 mm inner diameter) of endotracheal tube (ETT) and tracheostomy tube (6, 7, and 8 mm inner diameter), compliance settings of 30 and 60 mL/cm H2O, and resistance settings of 0 and 5 cm H2O/L/s). We analyzed the relationship between PEF and pressure with linear regression. RESULTS: With compliance of 30 mL/cm H2O and 0 resistance the slope of the control relationship between PEF and pressure was statistically significantly greater than during any conditions with ETT or tracheostomy tube. Therefore, in comparison to the control, the relationship of PEF to pressure significantly went in the direction from top to bottom as the ETT or tracheostomy tube became narrower. The findings were the same with compliance of 30 mL/cm H2O and resistance of 5 cm H2O/L/s. With compliance of 60 mL/cm H2O the highest set pressure values were not achieved and some relationships departed from linearity. The control slope of the relationship between PEF and pressure with compliance of 60 mL/cm H2O and 0 resistance did not significantly differ with any ETT or tracheostomy tube. CONCLUSIONS. The artificial airways significantly reduced PEF during insufflation-exsufflation with CoughAssist; the narrower the inner diameter of the artificial airway, the lower the PEF for a given expiratory pressure.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E INFRAESTRUTURA: A AGENDA DO SETOR ELÉTRICO BRASILEIRO

The article analyzes the public policy infrastructure of the electricity sector in the post democratization in Brazil. The policy analysis is used as theoretical tools and methodological options to interpret the guidelines and the method of implementation of energy policy. The research investigates the problem of how to set the agenda of the Brazilian electric sector after democratization. The findings indicate that public policy infrastructure of the electricity sector has an agenda to ensure the continued provision of service in a market environment, you need economic attractiveness, whose criterion is the assurance of accumulation.
Regulation of the secretory phenotype of human airway epithelium by retinoic acid, triiodothyronine, and extracellular matrix.

The purpose of our studies was to identify factors which regulate the composition of airway secretions produced by normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells. Individual factors were removed from the culture media of NHTBE cells grown in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures (which support mucociliary differentiation) and the effects on mucin, lysozyme (LZ), and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) secretion and gene expression were examined. Deletion of hydrocortisone, epinephrine, transferrin, or gentamycin-amphotericin from the media had no reproducible effects; deletion of insulin was incompatible with culture growth. We identified 3 factors, namely retinoic acid (RA), triiodothyronine (T3) and collagen gel substratum, which had a major impact on the profile of NHTBE secretions. Removal of RA from the media caused a drastic decrease in mucin secretion and a decrease in expression of the mucin genes MUC2 and MUC5AC.LZ and SLPI secretions were increased in these cultures. Paradoxically LZ mRNA was decreased, while SLPI mRNA levels were increased. Removal of T3 selectively increased mucin secretion, MUC2 gene expression was not affected, but MUC5AC mRNA levels reproducibly increased, suggesting that the expression of these two mucin genes is differentially regulated. LZ and SLPI secretion levels were not significantly affected by deletion of T3 from the culture media; however, LZ mRNA levels were increased in the absence of T3 while SLPI transcript levels were not affected. Omission of the attachment substratum, type I collagen gel, resulted in significant increases in all 3 secretory products. MUC2 and MUC5AC steady state mRNA levels were not consistently affected. In contrast LZ and SLPI gene expression were reproducibly increased. Our studies show that individual factors in the epithelial environment can regulate expression of specific secretory cell gene products in a highly selective manner.
More Than One Century of Schizophrenia: An Evolving Perspective

Abstract Schizophrenia is a very complex psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology, and there is controversy as to whether its name is even appropriate to describe the associated variety of clinical presentations and symptoms. Currently, the diagnosis is essentially based on clinical criteria. These enable a clinical profile to be recognized as encompassing positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization of thinking and behavior, cognitive impairment, mood abnormalities, motor abnormalities, chronic clinical course, and incomplete remissions. The concept has evolved during the past century, and schizophrenia is currently questioned as a single disease entity. Established diagnostic criteria do not mirror the heterogeneity of the disorder. A strategy to deal with clinical heterogeneity in schizophrenia is, perhaps, the adoption of a classification system based on dimensions and stages. An additional strategy to deal with etiological and pathophysiological heterogeneity is to try to identify biomarkers, namely, on the basis of intermediate phenotypes. Despite extensive biological research, the biomarkers for schizophrenia are still lacking.
The International Crime Victims Surveys

The International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS) has been carried out six times over the period 1989–2010. Although national and city samples are relatively small, the ICVS is a unique survey of the experience of being victimized in that it is standardized and far-reaching: it has been conducted in more than 80 countries in different regions of the world, with many countries having taken part more than once. This paper focuses not on the methodology of the survey but on four important areas of analysis that capitalize on the comparative nature of the ICVS, and its ability to look at victimization experience at the level of both individuals and countries. Firstly, it looks at the level of crime in different countries according to the ICVS, compared to the picture from police figures. It shows some distinct differences. Also taken up is how far the correlates of victimization risk are similar across countries, and whether the phenomenon of repeat victimization holds constantly. A special focus is on results from a multi-level analysis of the relationships between firearm ownership as measured by the ICVS and rates of serious violent crime victimization at the individual and national levels. The second focus of the paper concerns what ICVS measures of trends in crime show relative to trends in police figures. It looks here, too, at the relationships between the level of household security in different countries as shown by the ICVS and trends in property crime. The third focus is on victims reporting crime to the police and their level of satisfaction with the police response, as well as the provision of and need for specialized victim assistance, underlining the importance of the ICVS as an instrument to monitor the implementation of international standards on victims’ rights, and to benchmark national victim policies. The fourth focus of the paper is on attitudes towards crime and criminal justice, looking in particular at similarities and differences across country populations. One feature is a multi-level analysis of the social correlates of public attitudes towards punishment, in particular differentiating between victims and non-victims. The paper ends with some comment on the prospects for the ICVS in the future.
Information Risk and Fair Value: An Examination of Equity Betas and Bid-Ask Spreads

Finance theory suggests that information risk―that is, the uncertainty regarding valuation parameters for an underlying asset―is reflected in firms’ equity betas and the information asymmetry component of bid-ask spreads. We empirically examine these predictions for a sample of large U.S. banks, exploiting recent mandatory disclosures of financial instruments designated as fair value level 1, 2, and 3, which indicate progressively more illiquid and opaque financial instruments. Consistent with predictions, results reveal that portfolios of level 3 financial assets have higher implied betas and lead to larger bid-ask spreads relative to those designated as level 1 or level 2 assets. Both results are consistent with a higher cost of capital for banks holding more opaque financial assets, as reflected by the level 3 fair value designation. Key Terms: banks, risk, fair value, financial instruments JEL Classification: G12, G14, G21, M41 Acknowledgements: We thank the following for useful discussions and comments: Robert Merton, Devin Shanthikumar, Irem Tuna, and Florin Vasvari, as well as seminar participants from the London Business School. * Contact author: Morgan Hall 365, Boston, MA, 02163. eriedl@hbs.edu. Phone 617-495-6368.
A comparison of the antiplatelet effects of prasugrel and high-dose clopidogrel as assessed by VASP-phosphorylation and light transmission aggregometry

Summary Platelet inhibition as measured by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) have shown concordance following dosing of clopidogrel. No reports have directly compared theVASP assay and LTA at the levels of P2Y12 blockade after loading doses (LDs) of prasugrel or high dose clopidogrel (600 and 900 mg). The aim was to compare theVASP assay and LTA during the loading dose phase of a comparative study of prasugrel and clopidogrel. Prasugrel 60 mg LD/10 mg maintenance dose (MD) and clopidogrel 300 mg/75 mg and 600 mg/75 mg LD/MD regimens were compared in a 3-way crossover study in 41 healthy, aspirin-free subjects. Each LD was followed by seven daily MDs and a 14-day washout period. P2Y12 receptor blockade was estimated using theVASP assay, expressed as platelet reactivity index (VASP-PRI). Platelet aggregation was assessed by light transmission aggregometry (20 and 5 μM ADP). Twenty-four hoursafter prasgurel 60 mg or clopidogrel 300 mg and 600 mg, respectively, VASP-PRI decreased from ∼80% to 8.9%, 54.7%, and 39.0 %, and maximal platelet aggregation (MPA) decreased from ∼79% to 10.8%, 42.7%, and 31.2%, with an overall VASP:MPA correlation of 0.88 (p<0.01). VASP assay responses after the clopidogrel LDs showed a wider range of values (300 mg: 0–93%; 600 mg: 0–80%) than prasugrel (0–13%); MPA responses followed a similar trend. Pearson’s correlation suggested a strong agreement between VASP and LTA (20 μM ADP) for MPA (r=0.86, p<0.0001). VASP and LTA demonstrated concordance across the response range of P2Y12 receptor blockade following thienopyridine LDs.
An effective mechanism to discover sensor web registry services for wireless sensor network under x-SOA approach

The application of WSN is emerging as a new trend in different sphere of modern society. However due to the advancement of SWE, discovering sensor web registry services throughout heterogeneous environments is becoming a challenging task and raises several concerns like performance, reliability, and robustness. Many approaches and frameworks have been proposed to discover the sensor web registry services. Some of the approaches assume that the requests are placed in SOAP compatible formats while others focus on GUI based parametric query processing. We have formulated an approach that uses the Natural Language Query Processing which is a convenient and easy method of sensor data access in comparison to SQL or XML based Query Language like XQuery and XPath. We also propose an architecture based on x-SOA that organizes the method of sensor web registry service discovery in an efficient and structured manner using an intermediary, requester friendly layer called the Request Parser & Query Generator (RPQ) between the service provider and service requester via a service registry. We describe how RPQ facilitates the processing of plain text request query to a most appropriate sensor web service and also an algorithm with implementation for a complete cycle of sensor web registry service discovery.
Development of Biological Movement Recognition by Interaction between Active Basis Model and Fuzzy Optical Flow Division

Following the study on computational neuroscience through functional magnetic resonance imaging claimed that human action recognition in the brain of mammalian pursues two separated streams, that is, dorsal and ventral streams. It follows up by two pathways in the bioinspired model, which are specialized for motion and form information analysis (Giese and Poggio 2003). Active basis model is used to form information which is different from orientations and scales of Gabor wavelets to form a dictionary regarding object recognition (human). Also biologically movement optic-flow patterns utilized. As motion information guides share sketch algorithm in form pathway for adjustment plus it helps to prevent wrong recognition. A synergetic neural network is utilized to generate prototype templates, representing general characteristic form of every class. Having predefined templates, classifying performs based on multitemplate matching. As every human action has one action prototype, there are some overlapping and consistency among these templates. Using fuzzy optical flow division scoring can prevent motivation for misrecognition. We successfully apply proposed model on the human action video obtained from KTH human action database. Proposed approach follows the interaction between dorsal and ventral processing streams in the original model of the biological movement recognition. The attained results indicate promising outcome and improvement in robustness using proposed approach.
Viscoelastic Cell Mechanics and Actin Remodelling Are Dependent on the Rate of Applied Pressure

Background Living cells are subjected to external and internal mechanical stresses. The effects of these stresses on the deformation and subsequent biological response of the cells remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the rate at which pressure (or stress) is applied influence the viscoelastic properties of the cell associated with differences in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Principal Finding Micropipette aspiration was used to determine the instantaneous and equilibrium moduli and the viscosity of isolated chondrocytes based on the standard linear solid (SLS) model and a variation of this incorporating Boltzmann superposition. Cells were visualised for 180 seconds following aspiration to 7 cmH2O at 0.35, 0.70 and 5.48 cmH2O/sec. Cell recovery was then examined for a further 180 seconds once the pressure had been removed. Reducing the rate of application of pressure reduced the levels of cell deformation and recovery associated with a significant increase in modulus and viscosity. Using GFP transfection and confocal microscopy, we show that chondrocyte deformation involves distortion, disassembly and subsequent reassembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. At faster pressure rates, cell deformation produced an increase in cell volume associated with membrane bleb formation. GFP-actin transfection inhibited the pressure rate dependent variation in cell mechanics indicating that this behaviour is regulated by GFP-sensitive actin dynamics. Conclusion We suggest that slower rates of aspiration pressure enable greater levels of cortical actin distortion. This is partially inhibited by GFP or faster aspiration rates leading to membrane bleb formation and an increase in cell volume. Thus the rate of application of pressure regulates the viscoelastic mechanical properties of living cells through pressure rate sensitive differences in actin dynamics. Therefore cells appear softer when aspirated at a faster rate in contrast to what is expected of a normal viscoelastic material.