Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test‐retest reliability of four questionnaires for patients with overactive bladder: The overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB‐q), patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC), urgency questionnaire (UQ), and the primary OAB symptom questionnaire (POSQ)

This study examined test‐retest reliability of four patient‐reported outcome measures for patients with overactive bladder (OAB): Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB‐q), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), Urgency Questionnaire (UQ), and Primary OAB Symptom Questionnaire (POSQ).
The Retention of Manual Flying Skills in the Automated Cockpit

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand how the prolonged use of cockpit automation is affecting pilots’ manual flying skills. Background: There is an ongoing concern about a potential deterioration of manual flying skills among pilots who assume a supervisory role while cockpit automation systems carry out tasks that were once performed by human pilots. Method: We asked 16 airline pilots to fly routine and nonroutine flight scenarios in a Boeing 747-400 simulator while we systematically varied the level of automation that they used, graded their performance, and probed them about what they were thinking about as they flew. Results: We found pilots’ instrument scanning and manual control skills to be mostly intact, even when pilots reported that they were infrequently practiced. However, when pilots were asked to manually perform the cognitive tasks needed for manual flight (e.g., tracking the aircraft’s position without the use of a map display, deciding which navigational steps come next, recognizing instrument system failures), we observed more frequent and significant problems. Furthermore, performance on these cognitive tasks was associated with measures of how often pilots engaged in task-unrelated thought when cockpit automation was used. Conclusion: We found that while pilots’ instrument scanning and aircraft control skills are reasonably well retained when automation is used, the retention of cognitive skills needed for manual flying may depend on the degree to which pilots remain actively engaged in supervising the automation.
Speech Acts as a Basis for Understanding Dialogue Coherence

Webster's dictionary defines "coherence" as "the quality of being logically integrated, consistent, and intelligible". If one were asked whether a sequence of physical acts being performed by an agent was coherent, a crucial factor in the decision would be whether the acts were perceived as contributing to the achievement of an overall goal. In that case they can frequently be described briefly, by naming the goal or the procedure executed to achieve it. Once the intended goal has been conjectured, the sequence can be described as a more or less correct, more or less optimal attempt at the achievement of the goal.
Purkinje cell-specific males absent on the first (mMof) gene deletion results in an ataxia-telangiectasia-like neurological phenotype and backward walking in mice

The brains of ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients display an aberrant loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) that is postulated to contribute to the observed deficits in motor coordination as well as in learning and cognitive function. AT patients have mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene [Savitsky et al. (1995) Science 268:1749–1753]. However, in Atm-deficient mice, the neurological defects are limited, and the PCs are not deformed or lost as observed in AT patients [Barlow et al. (1996) Cell 86:159–171]. Here we report that PC-specific deletion of the mouse males absent on the first (mMof) gene (Cre−), which encodes a protein that specifically acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac) and influences ATM function, is critical for PC longevity. Mice deficient for PC-specific Mof display impaired motor coordination, ataxia, a backward-walking phenotype, and a reduced life span. Treatment of MofF/F/Pcp2-Cre+ mice with histone deacetylase inhibitors modestly prolongs PC survival and delays death. Therefore, Mof expression and H4K16 acetylation are essential for PC survival and function, and their absence leads to PC loss and cerebellar dysfunction similar to that observed in AT patients.
Regression of a congenital mesoblastic nephroma

Histologically, the cellular variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is very similar to another rare tumor of infancy, infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS). In addition to the histologic similarities, these tumor types share cytogenetic abnormalities including translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25). We describe herein the case of a child who did not have immediate surgical resection of a CMN and whose tumor was untreated for 8 months. During that time, the tumor demonstrated a significant degree of regression. The shared translocation with IFS, a tumor with well‐documented potential for spontaneous regression, suggests that this genetic abnormality may have contributed to the favorable clinical course. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:364–368. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Foam rolling as a recovery tool after an intense bout of physical activity.

PURPOSE The objective of this study is to understand the effectiveness of foam rolling (FR) as a recovery tool after exercise-induced muscle damage, analyzing thigh girth, muscle soreness, range of motion (ROM), evoked and voluntary contractile properties, vertical jump, perceived pain while FR, and force placed on the foam roller. METHODS Twenty male subjects (≥3 yr of strength training experience) were randomly assigned into the control (n = 10) or FR (n = 10) group. All the subjects followed the same testing protocol. The subjects participated in five testing sessions: 1) orientation and one-repetition maximum back squat, 2) pretest measurements, 10 × 10 squat protocol, and POST-0 (posttest 0) measurements, along with measurements at 3) POST-24, 4) POST-48, and 5) POST-72. The only between-group difference was that the FR group performed a 20-min FR exercise protocol at the end of each testing session (POST-0, POST-24, and POST-48). RESULTS FR substantially reduced muscle soreness at all time points while substantially improving ROM. FR negatively affected evoked contractile properties with the exception of half relaxation time and electromechanical delay (EMD), with FR substantially improving EMD. Voluntary contractile properties showed no substantial between-group differences for all measurements besides voluntary muscle activation and vertical jump, with FR substantially improving muscle activation at all time points and vertical jump at POST-48. When performing the five FR exercises, measurements of the subjects' force placed on the foam roller and perceived pain while FR ranged between 26 and 46 kg (32%-55% body weight) and 2.5 and 7.5 points, respectively. CONCLUSION The most important findings of the present study were that FR was beneficial in attenuating muscle soreness while improving vertical jump height, muscle activation, and passive and dynamic ROM in comparison with control. FR negatively affected several evoked contractile properties of the muscle, except for half relaxation time and EMD, indicating that FR benefits are primarily accrued through neural responses and connective tissue.
Initial assessment of scaled-up sexually transmitted infection intervention in Himachal Pradesh under National AIDS Control Program – III

Objectives: To assess the impact of scaled-up sexually transmitted infection (STI) intervention under National AIDS Control Program (NACP) III and to examine the profile of STI/RTI clinic (now named Suraksha Clinic) attendees. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study by data analysis was done from April 2008 to March 2010. The scaled-up intervention comprised of (i) adopting enhanced syndromic approach, (ii) capacity building by appointing counselors and trainings of staff, (iii) strengthening STI/RTI clinics by provision of logistics and privacy by civil works, and (iv) supervisory support. The outcome which directly influenced service delivery was evaluated within this framework. Results: Sixteen “Suraksha Clinics” have been remodeled, equipped with supplies and laboratory set up. A total of 64,554 clinic visits were reported of which 27,317 [42%] attended the clinics for index STI/RTI complaint(s). Majority of the clients (44%) were young, 25–44 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1.8. In females, the commonest complaint was lower abdominal pain (25%) and vaginal discharge (33%), the commonest syndrome. Amongst laboratory-confirmed STIs, 305 (1.4%) attendees were positive for trichomoniasis, while bacterial vaginosis was corroborated in 230 (1.07%) patients with clue cells. Amongst antenatal women, 251 were reactive for syphilis (≥1:8 dilutions). 10,579 partners of index STI/RTI patients were notified and partner management was attained to the level of 99%. Conclusion: Preliminary results show increased utilization of STI clinical services, though laboratory services need further strengthening. Continued supportive supervision and capacity building will enable skill development and quality monitoring.
Changes in metabolic and muscle damage indicators following a single bout of jump training on stair versus at level.

UNLABELLED We hypothesized that stair-jump exercise would induce less muscle damage and greater acute metabolic responses than level-jumps. METHODS Trained males executed 100 unilateral jumps on stairs with one leg, and at level with the other leg, with two weeks hiatus. Maximal isometric voluntary torque (MVC) and rate of torque development (RTD)in the quadriceps, and unilateral vertical jump height (VJ) were determined in the trained leg at pre-exercise,immediately at post- (IP), 24 h and 48 h after exercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) level and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were evaluated at pre-exercise, 24 h and 48 h. Acute lactate and heart rate responses were also measured. RESULTS Lactate and heart rate at IP increased similarly under the two conditions. CK was elevated and MVC was depressed while RTD and VJ remained unchanged at 24 h in both types of training. MVC recovered at 48 h only after stair-jump exercise. DOMS developed only after level-jumps. Except DOMS, no effects of condition were found in any other variables. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that vigorous stair-jump exercise highly stresses the aerobic and the anaerobic energy system, and it preserves power and rapid torque generating ability 24 h after exercise. Stair-jump could be one alternative exercise to prevent muscle soreness.
Selected UV Photochemical and Photobiological Impacts on Marine Ecosystems: General Characteristics and Sensitivity Analyses

In the recent years, numerous efforts have been performed in order to characterize the impacts of UVR on marine photobiology and photochemistry. The quantification of these UV-dependent processes through modelling approaches requires (i) an accurate description of UV underwater light field (ii) an adapted parameterization of the response of marine water compounds and/or organisms to spatio-temporal changes in solar radiations. The spatial and temporal variability of the absorption coefficient of the colored detrital material, which is a key element for studying undersea UV climate, has been characterized in the two basins selected for this study (the Mediterranean Sea and the Norwegian Seas) using the SeaWiFS products archive for the period 1998-2006. Moreover, the various models currently available for the description of selected optical (CDOM photobleaching), photochemical (CO and DIC production) and photobiological (primary production inhibition) effects of UVR on marine waters have been described. Further, the general characteristics of these UVdependent processes have been presented focusing, in particularly, on their variability along the daily, vertical and spectral dimensions. Several sensitivity analyses have been performed in order to define the relative importance of the various inputs of the spectral and depth resolved model on the final estimations. Finally, some of the straightforward models recently proposed in order to estimate some of the UV impacts at large temporal and or spatial scales have been tested and their limits of application have been discussed.
Nicotine activates immature “silent” connections in the developing hippocampus

In the hippocampus at birth, most glutamatergic synapses are immature and functionally “silent” either because the neurotransmitter is released in insufficient amount to activate low-affinity α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors or because the appropriate receptor system is missing or nonfunctional. Here we show that, in the newborn rat, a brief application of nicotine at immature Schaffer collateral-CA1 connections strongly enhances neurotransmitter release and converts presynaptically silent synapses into conductive ones. This effect is persistent and can be mimicked by endogenous acetylcholine released from cholinergic fibers. Thus, during a critical period of postnatal development, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors contributes to the maturation of functional synaptic contacts and the wiring of adult hippocampal circuitry.
Comparing sensitivity of ecotoxicological effect endpoints between laboratory and field.

Extrapolating toxicant effects with a fixed application factor (AF) approach or one of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models presumes that toxicant effects on single, individual-level endpoints reflect effects at the ecosystem level. Measured effect concentrations on plankton from multispecies field tests using tributyltin (TBT) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) were compared with published laboratory single-species test results and measured in situ concentrations. Extrapolation methods were evaluated by comparing predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), calculated by AF and SSD models with NOECs and E(L)C(50)s obtained from field studies. Overall, structural parameters were more sensitive than functional ones. Measured effect concentrations covered approximately the same range between laboratory and field experiments. Both SSD and AF approaches provide PNECs that appear to be protective for ecosystems. The AF approach is simpler to apply than the SSD models and results in PNECs that are no less conservative. Calculated PNEC values and the lowest field effect concentrations were lower than measured environmental concentrations for both substances, indicating that they may pose a risk to marine ecosystems.
Mice deficient for the epidermal dermokine &bgr; and &ggr; isoforms display transient cornification defects

ABSTRACT Expression of the human dermokine gene (DMKN) leads to the production of four dermokine isoform families. The secreted &agr;, &bgr; and &ggr; isoforms have an epidermis-restricted expression pattern, with Dmkn &bgr; and &ggr; being specifically expressed by the granular keratinocytes. The &dgr; isoforms are intracellular and ubiquitous. Here, we performed an in-depth characterization of Dmkn expression in mouse skin and found an expression pattern that was less complex than in humans. In particular, mRNA coding for the &dgr; family were absent. Homozygous mice null for the Dmkn &bgr; and &ggr; isoforms had no obvious phenotype but only a temporary scaly skin during the first week of life. The pups null for the Dmkn &bgr; and &ggr; isoforms had smaller keratohyalin granules and their cornified envelopes were more sensitive to mechanical stress. At the molecular level, amounts of profilaggrin and filaggrin monomers were reduced whereas amino acid components of the natural moisturizing factor were increased. In addition, the electrophoretic mobility of involucrin was modified, suggesting post-translational modifications. Finally, the mice null for the Dmkn &bgr; and &ggr; isoforms strongly overexpressed Dmkn &agr;. These data are evocative of compensatory mechanisms relevant to the temporary phenotype. Overall, we improved the knowledge of Dmkn expression in mouse and highlighted a role for Dmkn &bgr; and &ggr; in cornification.
Immunomodulatory activity of extracellular Hsp70 mediated via paired receptors Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14

The intracellular chaperone heat‐shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can be secreted from cells, but its extracellular role is unclear, as the protein has been reported to both activate and suppress the innate immune response. Potential immunomodulatory receptors on myelomonocytic lineage cells that bind extracellular Hsp70 are not well defined. Siglecs are Ig‐superfamily lectins on mammalian leukocytes that recognize sialic acid‐bearing glycans and thereby modulate immune responses. Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14, expressed on monocytes and neutrophils, share identical ligand‐binding domains but have opposing signaling functions. Based on phylogenetic analyses of these receptors, we predicted that endogenous sialic acid‐independent ligands should exist. An unbiased screen revealed Hsp70 as a ligand for Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14. Hsp70 stimulation through Siglec‐5 delivers an anti‐inflammatory signal, while stimulation through Siglec‐14 is pro‐inflammatory. The functional consequences of this interaction are also addressed in relation to a SIGLEC14 polymorphism found in humans. Our results demonstrate that an endogenous non‐sialic acid‐bearing molecule can be either a danger‐associated or self‐associated signal through paired Siglecs, and may explain seemingly contradictory prior reports on extracellular Hsp70 action.
The Psychobiology of Burnout: Are There Two Different Syndromes?

Background: Plasma prolactin levels are sensitive to dopamine and serotonin function, and fatigue. Low cortisol, dopamine and/or serotonin may be involved in burnout and detachment. Methods: In this double-blind within-subject study, we treated 9 female burnout subjects and 9 controls with 35 mg cortisol and placebo orally. We measured state affect and plasma prolactin, oxytocin, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and administered an attachment questionnaire. Results: The burnout subjects displayed an extreme distribution of basal prolactin levels, displaying higher or lower levels compared to the controls. The low prolactin burnouts had profoundly low attachment scores and tended to have low oxytocin levels. The high prolactin burnout subjects tended to show cortisol-induced decreased prolactin and fatigue, and increased vigor. Conclusion: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that burnout subjects are either characterized by low serotonergic function or by low dopaminergic function, and that the latter group benefits from cortisol replacement. These preliminary results suggest that differentiating between two syndromes may resolve inconsistencies in research on burnout, and be necessary for selecting the right treatment strategy.
A 2.4 GHz fully CMOS integrated RF transceiver for 802.11b wireless LAN application

A fully CMOS integrated RF transceiver for IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN application is implemented and measured. The IC is fabricated in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process and packaged in TQFP package. The single chip transceiver incorporates an I/Q modulator and demodulator, an integrated IF and RF synthesizer with on-chip VCO, an on-chip LNA, and PA pre-driver amplifier. The chip fully complies with the IEEE 802.11b WLAN standard. The transmitter achieves less than 7.5% EVM and the receiver sensitivity is -86 dBm for 11 Mbit/s mode. The chip uses 3V power supply and the current consumption is 60 mA for receiver and 70 mA for transmitter.
Life‐threatening hemorrhage and prolonged wound healing are remarkable phenotypes manifested by complete plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 deficiency in humans

Summary. Background: Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) is the primary physiological regulator of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity. A number of studies have shown that elevated levels of PAI‐1 are related to pathological states such as an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events and a poor prognosis for cancer patients; however, there are few reports about PAI‐1 deficiency in humans because the disorder is very rare. Objective: To understand the in vivo impact of a complete PAI‐1 deficiency, Serpine1−/− mice were generated; a number of in vivo studies have been conducted to elucidate the function of PAI‐1 using Serpine1−/− mice. The phenotypes demonstrated in Serpine1−/− mice, however, were quite different from those in humans. Therefore, it is necessary to find out and analyze SERPINE1 deficiency in humans. Patient and methods: The patient is a 47‐year‐old woman who has had multiple episodes of major bleeding. Although most of the patient’s blood coagulation factors were functionally normal, her PAI‐1 antigen levels were undetectable. Therefore, DNA sequencing of the SERPINE1 gene were analyzed. Results: The proband had a homozygous 1‐bp duplication (C) at exon 3 (c.356dupC; p.Ile120AspfsX42). Both wild‐type PAI‐1 (42.7 kDa) and mutated (Mut) PAI‐1 (14.7 kDa) were expressed in COS‐1 cells, although the level of Mut PAI‐1 expressed in the cell lysates was much lower. Wild‐type PAI‐1 was observed in the culture supernatant, whereas no Mut PAI‐1 was detected in the supernatant. Conclusions: Considering the results of the present study, the translation of mouse studies to humans must be performed with great care.
Varespladib (LY315920) Appears to Be a Potent, Broad-Spectrum, Inhibitor of Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and a Possible Pre-Referral Treatment for Envenomation

Snakebite remains a neglected medical problem of the developing world with up to 125,000 deaths each year despite more than a century of calls to improve snakebite prevention and care. An estimated 75% of fatalities from snakebite occur outside the hospital setting. Because phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is an important component of venom toxicity, we sought candidate PLA2 inhibitors by directly testing drugs. Surprisingly, varespladib and its orally bioavailable prodrug, methyl-varespladib showed high-level secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) inhibition at nanomolar and picomolar concentrations against 28 medically important snake venoms from six continents. In vivo proof-of-concept studies with varespladib had striking survival benefit against lethal doses of Micrurus fulvius and Vipera berus venom, and suppressed venom-induced sPLA2 activity in rats challenged with 100% lethal doses of M. fulvius venom. Rapid development and deployment of a broad-spectrum PLA2 inhibitor alone or in combination with other small molecule inhibitors of snake toxins (e.g., metalloproteases) could fill the critical therapeutic gap spanning pre-referral and hospital setting. Lower barriers for clinical testing of safety tested, repurposed small molecule therapeutics are a potentially economical and effective path forward to fill the pre-referral gap in the setting of snakebite.
Loud and Clear: Human-Verifiable Authentication Based on Audio

Secure pairing of electronic devices that lack any previous association is a challenging problem which has been considered in many contexts and in various flavors. In this paper, we investigate the use of audio for human-assisted authentication of previously un-associated devices. We develop and evaluate a system we call Loud-and-Clear (L&C) which places very little demand on the human user. L&C involves the use of a text-to-speech (TTS) engine for vocalizing a robust-sounding and syntactically-correct (English-like) sentence derived from the hash of a device’s public key. By coupling vocalization on one device with the display of the same information on another device, we demonstrate that L&C is suitable for secure device pairing (e.g., key exchange) and similar tasks. We also describe several common use cases, provide some performance data for our prototype implementation and discuss the security properties of L&C.