Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of injury-induced cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus impairs cognitive recovery following traumatic brain injury

xii Chapter 1 – Introduction and Background. 1 Epidemiology of TBI . 2 Pathology of TBI . 3 Experimental TBI . 4 Functional Significance of Hippocampal Neurogenesis. 5 TBI-Induced Enhancement of Neurogenesis. 10 Growth Factors and Neurogenesis . 18 Chapter 2 – Materials and Methods . 24 Subjects . 24 Surgical Preparation and Procedure. 24 Lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) . 25 Intraventricular infusion. 30 BrdU injections . 33 Tissue Processing. 33 Immunohistochemistry . 34 BrdU immunostaining. 34 Nissl Counterstain. 35
Postoperative neuropsychological change and its underlying mechanism in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND The high incidence of neuropsychologic deficits after cardiac surgery, including cognitive dysfunction and mood status, has significantly influenced the prognosis, outcome of treatment and long-term quality of life of patients. With a circadian secretion pattern, melatonin and cortisol are capable of modulating the human physiological processes and neuropsychological status, whereas disorder of their secretion pattern may lead to many diseases. However, it is unclear whether neuroendocrine variations are related to the neuropsychologic status in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS Forty male patients scheduled for CABG with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (n = 20) or off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) (n = 20) were studied. Blood samples were taken intraoperatively at specific time-points and every 3 hours within the first postoperative 24 hours to determine plasma concentrations of melatonin and cortisol. A neuropsychologic test battery including depression and anxiety was administered preoperatively and 7 to 10 days postoperatively. Statistical methods included the nonparametric analysis, multiple linear regression and cosinor analysis. RESULTS The patients in the CPB group exhibited more severe neuropsychologic deficits and more anxious than those in the OPCAB group after surgery. In both groups, patients were more depressed postoperatively than preoperatively and recovered 3 months after surgery. Depression and anxiety were correlated with some factors of cognitive dysfunctions. In the postoperative 24 hours, 2 patients in the CPB group, and 6 patients in the OPCAB group showed a circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion. As for cortisol secretion, there were 3 patients in the CPB group and 7 in the OPCAB group respectively. Parameters of circadian rhythm of melatonin in the CPB group and those of secretion rhythm of cortisol in both groups were correlated with depression and some neuropsychologic tests. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of neuropsychological deficits was higher in patients receiving CABG with CPB than in those without CPB. The status of mood may contribute to the perioperative cognitive dysfunctions. The disordered circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in patients undergoing CABG with CPB and the disordered cortisol secretion may correlate directly or indirectly through mood with neuropsychological deficits.
Social cognition in childhood : the relationships between attachmnet-related representations, theory of mind and peer popularity

Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions:  Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).  Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes.  No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
Khat Chewing Habits in the Population of the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

The use of khat (Catha edulis) is a major public health and social problem that is believed to be growing globally. The khat chewing habit is prevalent in all areas of the Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, few studies have been conducted at the community level to investigate the khat chewing habits in this area. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among the Jazan community population. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample (n = 4,500) of the Jizani population who attended primary heath care centers in Jazan region. The participants were selected using a two-stage cluster random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The overall lifetime prevalence of khat chewing was 33.2% (95% CI 31.8–34.7) and was significantly higher for males 42.2% (95% CI 40.4–43.9) than for females 11.3% (95% CI 9.6–13.1) (P < 0.001). Current khat chewers accounted for 28.7% (95% CI 27.4–30.1) of the population sampled; 36.9% (95% CI 35.2–38.6) of whom were males, which is a significantly higher percentage than the 8.7% (95% CI 7.3–10.4) of current khat chewers who were females (P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggests that the most important independent predictors of khat chewing were having a friend who chewed khat (OR = 20.1, P < 0.001), participant's smoking status (OR) = 3.9, P < 0.001), friend's smoking status (OR = 2.2, P < 0.001), gender (OR = 2.2, P < 0.001) and educational level (OR = 1.5, P < 0.05). A large proportion of the Jizani populations chew khat. Government and non-governmental organizations NGOs should design and strengthen community prevention programs to curb the high prevalence of khat use.
Increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and changes in proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes bax and bcl-2 during left ventricular adaptations to chronic pressure overload in the rat.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) represents both an adaptive response to increased cardiac work load and a precursor state of heart failure. Recent evidence linked cardiac myocyte death by apoptosis with LVH and heart failure. It remained unclear, however, whether apoptosis participated in the transition from LVH to left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac myocyte apoptotic events and changes in apoptosis-specific genes were studied in a rat model of chronic pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction. The changes in left ventricular geometry and function were assessed by echocardiography. Transverse aortic constriction rats progressively developed "concentric" LVH and subsequently, LVD. A similar distribution of LVH and LVD was found 18 weeks after surgery. At this time point, we determined the occurrence of myocyte apoptosis by DNA laddering, in situ DNA TUNEL labeling, and light and electron microscopy. The monitoring of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrated that cardiomyocyte apoptotic events increased from virtually undetectable (in sham-operated controls, SH) to 0.8/10(3) and 1.5/10(3) positive nuclei in LVH and LVD, respectively. Fibrosis also increased in the subendocardial and midwall regions of LVH and LVD rats compared with SH. Expression of the proapoptotic gene bax increased, whereas that of antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 decreased in LVH and LVD compared with SH. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in response to chronic pressure overload, cardiomyocyte-specific apoptosis contributed to the transition from LVH to LVD. LVH and LVD were accompanied by a dramatic cardiomyocyte upregulation of the proapoptotic gene bax and reduced bcl-2/bax ratio, predisposing cardiomyocytes to apoptosis.
A novel mutation in the SLC19A2 gene in a Tunisian family with thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anaemia, diabetes and deafness syndrome

Thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anaemia (TRMA) syndrome with diabetes and deafness was found in two patients from a Tunisian kindred. The proband was homozygous for a novel mutation, 287delG, in the high‐affinity thiamine transporter gene, SLC19A2. We demonstrated that fibroblasts from this patient exhibited defective thiamine transport. These data confirm that the SLC19A2 gene is the high‐affinity thiamine carrier and that this novel mutation is responsible for TRMA syndrome.
Resisting Financialization with Deleuze and Guattari

Resisting Financialization with Deleuze and Guattari aims to provide a contribution in relation to three main areas: the understanding of contemporary capitalism and financialization from a critical perspective; the analysis of resistance to financialization; and the better understanding of the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari. Using a critical perspective, this book is informed by a Marxian literature in political economy and the poststructuralist works of Deleuze and Guattari, and Foucault. Through this, the author argues that it is relevant to combine Marxism and poststructuralism so as to better understand financialization. The analysis of resistance to financialization also provides a reflection on social democracy and Occupy Wall Street as contrasting ways to resist capitalism. Finally, this book will contribute to the analysis of Deleuze and Guattari through an analysis of their reception within political philosophy. This book provides the intellectual tools needed by academics in order to articulate a critical and revolutionary interpretation of Deleuze and Guattari, as well as analyse their reception by political philosophy. It also offers these tools to a more general audience interested in political economy and capitalism.
Adaptive Energy-Aware Computation Offloading for Cloud of Things Systems

Cloud computing has become the de facto computing platform for application processing in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, limitations of the cloud model, such as the high transmission latency and high costs are giving birth to a new computing paradigm called edge computing (a.k.a fog computing). Fog computing aims to move the data processing close to the network edge so as to reduce Internet traffic. However, since the servers at the fog layer are not as powerful as the ones in the cloud, there is a need to balance the data processing in between the fog and the cloud. Moreover, besides the data offloading issue, the energy efficiency of fog computing nodes has become an increasing concern. Densely deployed fog nodes are a major source of carbon footprint in IoT systems. To reduce the usage of the brown energy resources (e.g., powered by energy produced through fossil fuels), green energy is an alternative option. In this paper, we propose employing dual energy sources for supporting the fog nodes, where solar power is the primary energy supply and grid power is the backup supply. Based on that, we present a comprehensive analytic framework for incorporating green energy sources to support the running of IoT and fog computing-based systems, and to handle the tradeoff in terms of average response time, average monetary, and energy costs in the IoT. This paper describes an online algorithm, Lyapunov optimization on time and energy cost (LOTEC), based on the technique of Lyapunov optimization. LOTEC is a quantified near optimal solution and is able to make control decision on application offloading by adjusting the two-way tradeoff between average response time and average cost. We evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm by a number of experiments. Rigorous analysis and simulations have demonstrated its performance.
Overconvergent Real Closed Quantifier Elimination

Let K be the (real closed) field of Puiseux series in t over R endowed with the natural linear order. Then the elements of the formal power series rings [[ξ1,…,ξn]] converge t‐adically on [−t,t]n, and hence define functions [−t,t]n → K. Let L be the language of ordered fields, enriched with symbols for these functions. By Corollary 3.15, K is o‐minimal in L. This result is obtained from a quantifier elimination theorem. The proofs use methods from non‐Archimedean analysis. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 03C64, 32P05, 32B05, 32B20, 03C10 (primary), 03C98, 03C60, 14P15 (secondary).
Plasma BDNF and tPA are associated with late‐onset geriatric depression

Aims: Studies in the recent decade have shown that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been implicated in the control of the direction of BDNF action. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the changes of BDNF/tPA levels and their clinical meanings in geriatric depression.
Latent inhibition of predator recognition by embryonic amphibians

To avoid being captured, prey animals need to be able to distinguish predators from non-predators. Recent studies have shown that amphibians can learn to recognize their future predators while in the egg. Here, we investigated whether amphibians would similarly be able to learn to recognize non-predators while in the egg. We exposed newly laid wood frog eggs to the odour of tiger salamander or a water control daily for 5 days. After hatching, the wood frog larvae were raised for two weeks at which time we tried to condition them to recognize the salamander as a predator. Larvae were exposed to injured conspecific cues paired with salamander odour, a well-established mode of learning for aquatic prey. When subsequently tested for their response to salamander odour, the larvae pre-exposed to water as embryos showed significant anti-predator responses. However, larvae pre-exposed to the salamander odour as embryos showed no learning of the predator, indicating that they had already learned to recognize the salamander as a non-predator. These results indicate that amphibian embryos can (i) learn to recognize stimuli as non-threatening and (ii) remember it for at least two weeks. The widespread ability of prey to learn to recognize non-predators might explain the persistence of injured conspecific cues as a reliable mechanism for learned predator recognition.
Knowing, Building and Living Together on Internet and Social Networks: The ConRed Cyberbullying Prevention Program

An evaluation of the success of the evidence-based ConRed program, which addresses cyberbullying and other emerging problems linked with the use of the internet and seeks to promote a positive use of this new environment. The main aims of the ConRed program are a) to improve perceived control over information on the internet, b) to reduce the time dedicated to digital device usage, and c) to prevent and reduce cyberbullying. The impact of the program was evaluated with a quasi-experimental design with a sample of 893 students (595 experimental and 298 control). The results of the mixed repeated measures ANOVAs demonstrate that ConRed contributes to reducing cyberbullying and cyber-dependence, to adjusting the perception of information control, and to increasing the perception of safety at school.
Visualization of uncertainty in context aware mobile applications

Context-aware mobile applications and systems have been extensively explored in the last decade and in the last few years we already saw promising products on the market. Most of these applications assume that context data is highly accurate. But in practice this information is often unreliable, especially when gathered from sensors or external sources. Previous research has argued that the system usability can be improved by displaying the uncertainty to the user. The research presented in this paper shows that it is not always an advantage to show the confidence of the context-aware application to the user. We developed a system for automatic form filling on mobile devices which fills in any web form with user data stored on the mobile device. The used algorithm generates rules which indicate with which probability which input field of a form should be filled in with which value. Based on this we developed two versions of our system. One shows the uncertainty of the system and one not. We then conducted a user study which shows that the user needs slightly more time and produces slightly more errors when the confidence of the system is visualized.
The Evolutionary Histories of Antiretroviral Proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 Do Not Support an Evolutionary Arms Race in Primates

ABSTRACT Molecular evolutionary arms races between viruses and their hosts are important drivers of adaptation. These Red Queen dynamics have been frequently observed in primate retroviruses and their antagonists, host restriction factor genes, such as APOBEC3F/G, TRIM5-α, SAMHD1, and BST-2. Host restriction factors have experienced some of the most intense and pervasive adaptive evolution documented in primates. Recently, two novel host factors, SERINC3 and SERINC5, were identified as the targets of HIV-1 Nef, a protein crucial for the optimal infectivity of virus particles. Here, we compared the evolutionary fingerprints of SERINC3 and SERINC5 to those of other primate restriction factors and to a set of other genes with diverse functions. SERINC genes evolved in a manner distinct from the canonical arms race dynamics seen in the other restriction factors. Despite their antiviral activity against HIV-1 and other retroviruses, SERINC3 and SERINC5 have a relatively uneventful evolutionary history in primates. IMPORTANCE Restriction factors are host proteins that block viral infection and replication. Many viruses, like HIV-1 and related retroviruses, evolved accessory proteins to counteract these restriction factors. The importance of these interactions is evidenced by the intense adaptive selection pressures that dominate the evolutionary histories of both the host and viral genes involved in this so-called arms race. The dynamics of these arms races can point to mechanisms by which these viral infections can be prevented. Two human genes, SERINC3 and SERINC5, were recently identified as targets of an HIV-1 accessory protein important for viral infectivity. Unexpectedly, we found that these SERINC genes, unlike other host restriction factor genes, show no evidence of a recent evolutionary arms race with viral pathogens.
A Comparison of Online and Hybrid Professional Development for CS Principles Teachers

The College of St. Scholastica, in partnership with Trinity College, adapted the Mobile Computer Science Principles (CSP) curriculum and professional development (PD) for delivery online to reach high school teachers unable to attend traditional face-to-face PD. The Mobile CSP curriculum and PD were designed to increase the number of schools offering computer science (CS) courses and to broaden the participation of traditionally underrepresented students such as females and minorities. A deliberate and intentional process was used that incorporates evidence-based practices for the online environment and professional development. A comparison of student and teacher results suggests that online PD can be a successful strategy for scaling computer science professional development. This paper will discuss not only these results but also challenges from the first year of the project and how they are being addressed in subsequent years. This report focuses primarily on the activities and accomplishments of the online PD, although data and accomplishments are provided for the Mobile CSP project as a whole where appropriate.
Feminist anthropology : a reader

Acknowledgments. Introduction: Ellen Lewin. Part I. Discovering Women across Cultures. Introduction. 1. Belief and the Problem of Women and The "Problem" Revisited (Edwin Ardener). 2. A Note on the Division of Labor by Sex (Judith K. Brown). 3. Is Woman to Man as Nature is to Culture? (Sherry Ortner). 4. The Traffic in Women: Notes on the "Political Economy" of Sex (Gayle Rubin). 5. The Use and Abuse of Anthropology: Reflections on Feminism and Cross-Cultural Understanding (Michelle Z. Rosaldo). 6. Toward a Unified Theory of Class, Race, and Gender (Karen Brodkin). Part II. Questioning Positionality. Introduction. 7. Writing against Culture (Lila Abu-Lughod). 8. My Best Informant's Dress: The Erotic Equation in Fieldwork (Esther Newton). 9. Feminist Insider Dilemmas: Construction Ethnic Identity with Chicana Informants (Patricia Zavella). 10. Contingent Stories of Anthropology, Race, and Feminism (Paulla Ebron). Part III. Interpreting Instability and Fluidity. Introduction. 11. Bringing the Family to Work: Women's Culture on the Shop Floor (Louise Lamphere). 12. Procreation Stories: Reproduction, Nurturance, and Procreation in Life Narratives of Abortion Activists (Faye Ginsburg). 13. Ethnically Correct Dolls: Toying with the Race Industry (Elizabeth Chin). 14. Strategic Naturalizing: Kinship in an Infertility Clinic (Charis Thompson). Part IV. Maintaining Commitments. Introduction. 15. Dirty Protest: Symbolic Overdetermination and Gender in Northern Ireland (Begona Aretxaga). 16. Women's Rights are Human Rights: The Merging of Feminine and Feminist: Interests among El Salvador's Mothers of the Disappeared (CO-MADRES) (Lynn Stephen). 17. Searching for "Voices: Feminism, Anthropology, and the Global Debates over Female Genital Operations (Christine J. Walley). 18. Imagining the Unborn in the Ecuadoran Andes (Lynn M. Morgan). Part V. Interpreting Instability and Fluidity. Introduction. 19. "Like a Mother to Them": Stratified Reproduction and West Indian Childcare Workers and Employers in New York (Shellee Colen). 20. Femininity and Flexible Labor: Fashioning Class through Gender on the Global Assembly Line (Carla Freeman). 21. Tombois in West Sumatra: Constructing Masculinity and Erotic Desire (Evelyn Blackwood). 22 "What's Identity Got to Do with It? " Rethinking Identity in Light of the Mati Work (Gloria Wekker). Index.
Sexual lifestyles in the twentieth century : a research study

Foreword List of Tables Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION Research Material and Theoretical Perspectives PART I: SEXUALITY IN EARLY AGE Childhood Sexuality in Youth PART II: SEXUAL LIFESTYLES IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS Faithful Monogamy: Eternal Love Consecutive Relations Searching Devitalized Union Parallel Relations PART III: REMEMBERING SEXUALITY Joy and Suffering The Importance of Sex CONCLUSION Changing Sexual Practices and Scripts References Appendices Index