Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Monoarthritis-induced Affective Disorders by Diclofenac in Rats

Background:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective for arthritic pain, but it is unknown whether they also benefit anxiety and depression that frequently coexist with pain. Using the monoarthritis model, the authors evaluated the activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in structures implicated in both sensorial and emotional pain spheres, and it was verified whether analgesia can reverse monoarthritis-mediated affective responses. Methods:Monoarthritis was induced in male rats by complete Freund’s adjuvant injection. Allodynia (ankle-bend test), mechanical hyperalgesia (paw-pinch test), anxiety- and depression-like behaviors (elevated zero maze and forced swimming tests, respectively), and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (Western blot) in the spinal cord, paragigantocellularis nucleus, locus coeruleus, and prefrontal cortex were evaluated at 4, 14, and 28 days postinoculation (n = 6 per group). Changes in these parameters were evaluated after induction of analgesia by topical diclofenac (n = 5 to 6 per group). Results:Despite the pain hypersensitivity and inflammation throughout the testing period, chronic monoarthritis (28 days) also resulted in depressive- (control [mean ± SEM]: 38.3 ± 3.7 vs. monoarthritis: 51.3 ± 2.0; P < 0.05) and anxiogenic-like behaviors (control: 36.8 ± 3.7 vs. monoarthritis: 13.2 ± 2.9; P < 0.001). These changes coincided with increased ERK1/2 activation in the spinal cord, paragigantocellularis, locus coeruleus, and prefrontal cortex (control vs. monoarthritis: 1.0 ± 0.0 vs. 5.1 ± 20.8, P < 0.001; 0.9 ± 0.0 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4, P < 0.05; 1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6, P < 0.01; and 1.0 ± 0.0 vs. 1.8 ± 0.1, P < 0.05, respectively). Diclofenac decreased the pain threshold of the inflamed paw and reversed the anxio-depressive state, restoring ERK1/2 activation levels in the regions analyzed. Conclusion:Chronic monoarthritis induces affective disorders associated with ERK1/2 phosphorylation in paragigantocellularis, locus coeruleus, and prefrontal cortex which are reversed by diclofenac analgesia. (Anesthesiology 2014; 120:1476-90)
Triple redundant signals effect in the visual modality* Efecto de señales triple redundantes en la modalidad visual

Response times in a visual object recognition task decrease significantly if targets can be distinguished by two redundant attributes. Redundancy gain for two attributes has been commonly found, but redundancy gain from three attributes has been found only for stimuli from three different modalities (tactile, auditory, and visual). This study extends those results by showing that redundancy gain from three attributes within the same visual modality (color, form and direction of movement) is possible. It also presents evidence that the separate activation model cannot account for such a gain.
Negative processing biases predict subsequent depressive symptoms

This study investigated the possible relationship between negative processing biases and subsequent depression. The Scrambled Sentences Test (SST), a measure of processing bias, was administered to a large sample of undergraduates. Participants also completed self-report measures of thought suppression tendencies, current level of depression, and lifetime worst-depression symptoms. High scores on the SST, reflecting a negative processing bias, predicted depression symptoms measured 4 to 6 weeks later, even after controlling for concurrent and past depression. The SST was administered both with and without cognitive load to all participants. The SST with load predicted subsequent depression for both men and women. The SST without load predicted depression for women only. The SST difference score, a measure of the change in scores between the no-load and load conditions, was a significant predictor of subsequent depression for men but not women. Among men, the combination of high thought suppression with either high SST-load scores or high SST difference scores proved to be a particularly strong indicator of vulnerability to subsequent depression.
The paradox of black patriotism: double consciousness

ABSTRACT This study explores the double consciousness of black American patriotism in the modern era marked by publicized police killings of blacks, widespread antiracism protests, and concern for racially motivated violence. This analysis provides timely ethnographic insights into black identities that vividly captures black voices; fuses classical and contemporary race theories and extends them into the literature on patriotism; and proposes a model for understanding how double consciousness is negotiated in personal identity construction. I conducted twenty-two in-depth interviews of black Americans. I explored three questions: (1) how they interpret patriotism; (2) whether their interpretations affirm or defy their black identity; and (3) how tensions between race and nation manifest in their patriotic identity development. Many denounced hegemonic patriotism and constructed alternative patriotic brands. These brands are situated on an “Axis of Identities”, which is comprised of four profiles: the bystander, the sycophant, the subverter, and the conscious patriot.
A Secondary Market for Spectrum

Dynamic spectrum trading amongst small cognitive users is fundamentally different along two axes: temporal variation, and spatial variation of user demand and channel condition. We advocate that a spectrum secondary market, analogous to the stock market, is to be established for users to dynamically trade among themselves their channel holdings obtained in the primary market from legacy owners. We design a market mechanism based on dynamic double auctions, creating a marketplace in the air to match bandwidth demand with supply. In the analysis we prove important economic properties of the mechanism, notably its truthfulness and asymptotic efficiency in maximizing spectrum utilization. Complimentary simulation studies corroborate that spectrum utilization and user performance can be improved by establishing the spectrum secondary market.
Apoptotic Cells Initiate Endothelial Cell Sprouting via Electrostatic Signaling

Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is crucial to tissue growth, repair, and maintenance. This process begins with the formation of endothelial cell sprouts followed by the proliferation and migration of neighboring endothelial cells along the pre‐formed extensions. The initiating event and mechanism of sprouting is not known. We demonstrate that the phenotypic expression of a negatively‐charged surface membrane in apoptotic cells initiates the formation of directional endothelial cell sprouts that extend toward the dying cells by a charge‐dependent mechanism that is independent of diffusible molecules.
Dysconscious ableism: toward a liberatory praxis in teacher education

ABSTRACT This study draws upon King’s [1991. “Dysconscious Racism: Ideology, Identity, and the Miseducation of Teachers. ” Journal of Negro Education 60 (2): 133–146] concept of dysconscious racism, extrapolating from it the analogous conceptual device of dysconscious ableism. We report upon data drawn from an inquiry at a US university-based teacher preparation programme, wherein we analyse our teacher education candidates’ writing through the conceptual lens of dysconscious ableism, to better understand their conceptualisations of dis/ability, and their understanding of existing examples of educational segregation based upon those conceptualisations. We make an argument for the necessity of engaging in studies of ableism in teacher education generally, and also for the usefulness of using the specific conceptual device of dysconscious ableism as a central tool of social justice pedagogy in teacher education.
Journal of Information Technology Education Volume 7, 2008 Innovations in Practice Enabling a Comprehensive Teaching Strategy: Video Lectures Enabling a Comprehensive Teaching Strategy

Executive Summary This study empirically tests the feasibility and effectiveness of video lectures as a form of video instruction that enables a comprehensive teaching strategy used throughout a traditional classroom course. It examines student use patterns and the videos' effects on student learning, using qualitative and nonparametric statistical analyses of survey responses and student grades. Groups of student course grades are compared with and without video lectures available. Video lectures are CD and web viewable files that present lecture materials and narrative instruction from a course's instructor. They are used as additions to classroom lectures and are not recordings of classroom lectures. In these lectures, the instructor uses Microsoft Office content files, narrative instruction, and screen writing with the keyboard and mouse pointer to deliver the lecture. Video lectures serve major strategic purposes. First, they give additional teaching time to students who cannot fully understand the course material through the classroom lectures and support materials such as the textbook. Students can view and study the instructor's lectures as often as they wish until they understand material. This study resource is particularly important in teaching a broad spectrum of students. Second, video lectures allow classroom coverage of more complex and challenging subject material that is more interesting to many students. Students who are overwhelmed by these information packed classroom lectures have the video lectures to study, which cover both the basics and the more advanced material. Moreover, some of the time freed in classroom lectures can be converted to problem-solving lab days that focus on active learning. On these lab days, students are given complex and topic-comprehensive problems to solve. These problems aggressively challenge and move forward students' understanding and skill in working with the course material. Because video lectures are available as a support teaching resource, the labs can be used to involve students in solving problems that integrate multiple threads of a topic. Survey results indicate that many students accept and use video lectures as contemplated by this teaching strategy. The extent to which students use the videos is expected to be associated with more than the need for additional teaching time since alternative study resources are always available. Video use frequency and patterns are expected to be at least in part related to each student's learning style preferences. The paper identifies some types Material published as part of this publication, either on-line or in print, is copyrighted by …
Filing and Finding Computer Files

This paper describes an interview that investigated how people organize and find electronic documents on their computers. Fifteen Macintosh users were interviewed regarding their problems and approaches to filing and finding information. We found no evidence that users are having serious trouble finding files on their personal computers. We uncovered patterns of behavior that seem best described in terms of three types of information: ephemeral, working, and archived.
Strontium Speciation during Reaction of Kaolinite with Simulated Tank-Waste Leachate : Bulk and Microfocused EXAFS Analysis

Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95344, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Reducing RMS noise in CMOS dynamic reconfigurable latched comparator in 50 nm

This paper presents a new dynamic reconfigurable CMOS latched comparator that demonstrates low RMS noise, low offset and high gain. In this dynamic comparator circuit we make an independent inputs transistor and its input inverter circuit PMOS connected to clk1 with tail transistor. The proposed comparator circuit shows better RMS noise response i.e. 704. 38μV as compare to previous comparator circuit i.e. 1.1208mV and better output driving capacity as compare to conventional comparator circuit. The proposed comparator is simulated and implemented in LT SPICE 50nm technology.
Robots and Gender

This article provides an overview of the current research on gender in human-robot interaction (HRI) including a discussion of the effects of gender characteristics in robotics design (robot gender), gender differences on interaction with robots (human gender), and some interaction effects between the two. The article also reviews research that examined the impact of the interaction between humans and robots with regard to robot appearance and behaviors, and situational factors, such as tasks and roles. Although the current state of research findings is complicated, it appears that even simple gendering of robots by manipulation of voice and name can affect humans’ feelings and behaviors toward robots. These effects vary and are dependent on other factors, including human gender. Future research should focus on gender stereotypes, cultural influences, and robotic applications in various fields. At the same time, we should consider if gendering of robots, for given roles, is really necessary to encourage interactions between humans and robots.
Immigrant Families’ Expectations of Early Childhood

This paper presents some of the findings of a study which examined the views of 101 South Australian immigrant families concerning their educational expectations for their children who are in the age range of birth to 8 years. These families came from Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the People's Republic of China, and the Philippines. Likewise, the views of 100 early childhood teachers working in early childhood centres were examined in relation to their educational expectations for the children of immigrant families. A comparison of the findings is presented in this paper, noting the commonalities and differences between parents and teachers to seven questions about their expectations of preschool education.
Problem Solving Style and Coping Strategies: Effects of Perceived Stress

One hundred and seven community college students completed VIEW: An Assessment of Problem Solving Styleand the COPE Inventory. They then were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received a vignette of a more serious personal problem. A second group was given a vignette depicting a less stressful problem situation. The third group was given a simple passage about a geography topic. On VIEW, Developer- and Internal problem-solving-styled participants across all conditions reported higher stress ratings, suggesting greater sensitivity to stressful situations. Additionally, there were significant correlations between the VIEW and COPEscores, suggesting that Explorer-, External-, and a Task-oriented problem-solving-styled individuals were more likely to use Restraint as a coping strategy, all of which suggest that in the context of a personal problem, individuals may be more likely to recognize that any solution will take time to solve, perhaps requiring “new thinking” (Explorer style), help from others (External style), and “hard” choices to be made (a Task-oriented decision-making style).
Learning spatial relations from functional simulation

Robots acting in complex environments need not only be aware of objects, but also of the relationships objects have with each other. This paper suggests a conceptualization of these relationships in terms of task-relevant functional distinctions, such as support, location control, protection and confinement. Being able to discern such relations in a scene will be important for robots in practical tasks; accordingly, it is demonstrated how predictive models can be trained using data from physics simulations. The resulting models are shown to be both highly predictive and intuitively reasonable.
Oral bacterial flora of the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) and bamboo pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) in Hong Kong SAR, China.

OBJECTIVE To determine the oral bacterial flora associated with two common local venomous snakes in Hong Kong, namely the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) and the bamboo pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A non-government organisation and a regional hospital in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS Thirty-two Chinese cobras and seven bamboo pit vipers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Species identification of bacteria in the oral cavity of both snakes and their antibiotic susceptibilities. RESULTS The oral cavity of Chinese cobra harbour a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including: Gram-negative bacterial species like Morganella morganii, Aeromonas hydrophila and Proteus, and Gram-positive bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus as well as anaerobic species (clostridia). The oral cavity of the Chinese cobra is more likely than that of the bamboo pit viper to harbour pathogenic bacteria associated with snakebite infection (P<0.001). The median number of pathogenic bacteria per snake was significantly higher in the Chinese cobra (P<0.001). All pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria isolated were susceptible to levofloxacin. Amoxicillin/clavulanate provided good coverage against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) and anaerobes. CONCLUSION 'Prophylactic' antibiotic treatment for Chinese cobra bites may be beneficial, owing to the multiple pathogenic bacteria in its oral cavity and the higher risk of ensuing necrosis. The regimen of levofloxacin plus amoxicillin/clavulanate appears promising for this purpose, but further study is required to confirm its clinical utility in patients.
That's Just Your Point of View: How Visuospatial Biases and Functional Lateralization Influence the Way We Perceive the World

How can individual differences in visuospatial attention and other lateralized functions affect the perception of one’s environment? This research question was examined through the four studies which comprise this dissertation. Studies 1 and 2 examined how visuospatial biases (and other lateralized attributes) influence the perception of paintings, Study 3 examined how these factors influence how paintings are created, and Study 4 examined how visuospatial biases themselves can be influenced by the perception and processing of other lateralized attributes. For all studies, biases in visuospatial attention were measured using the line bisection task. In Study 1, participants rated asymmetrical paintings on evocative impact, aesthetics, technique, novelty, and closure. These ratings were made for paintings in their original orientation, as well as in a mirror-reversed orientation. Leftward bisectors tended to give higher ratings to paintings when they were non-mirrored, whereas rightward bisectors more often gave higher ratings to paintings when they were mirrored. These results suggest that line bisection performance reflects individual differences in visuospatial attention, which in turn affects perception of asymmetrical paintings. However, because most of the attributes examined in Study 1 are typically associated with right hemisphere processing (as is visuospatial attention), individual differences in laterality underlying the processing of the attributes may have also impacted the results. Thus, in Study 2 the influence of visuospatial attention on painting perception was further explored using attributes typically associated with left hemisphere processing (logic, positive valence) and other attributes typically associated with right hemisphere processing and/or
A quantitative evaluation of the relative status of journal and conference publications in computer science

While it is universally held by computer scientists that conference publications have a higher status in computer science than in other disciplines there is little quantitative evidence in support of this position. The importance of journal publications in academic promotion makes this a big issue since an exclusive focus on journal papers will miss many signiﬁcant papers published at conferences in computer science. In this paper we set out to quantify the relative importance of journal and conference papers in computer science. We show that computer science papers in leading conferences match the impact of papers in mid-ranking journals and surpass the impact of papers in journals in the bottom half of the ISI rankings – when impact is measured by citations in Google Scholar. We also show that there is a poor correlation between this measure of impact and conference acceptance rates. This indicates that conference publication is an ineﬃcient market where venues that are equally challenging in terms of rejection rates oﬀer quite diﬀerent returns in terms of citations.
A network information theory for wireless communication: scaling laws and optimal operation

How much information can be carried over a wireless network with a multiplicity of nodes, and how should the nodes cooperate to transfer information? To study these questions, we formulate a model of wireless networks that particularly takes into account the distances between nodes, and the resulting attenuation of radio signals, and study a performance measure that weights information by the distance over which it is transported. Consider a network with the following features. I) n nodes located on a plane, with minimum separation distance /spl rho//sub min/>0. II) A simplistic model of signal attenuation e/sup -/spl gamma//spl rho////spl rho//sup /spl delta// over a distance /spl rho/, where /spl gamma//spl ges/0 is the absorption constant (usually positive, unless over a vacuum), and /spl delta/>0 is the path loss exponent. III) All receptions subject to additive Gaussian noise of variance /spl sigma//sup 2/. The performance measure we mainly, but not exclusively, study is the transport capacity C/sub T/:=sup/spl Sigma/on/sub /spl lscr/=1//sup m/R/sub /spl lscr///spl middot//spl rho//sub /spl lscr//, where the supremum is taken over m, and vectors (R/sub 1/,R/sub 2/,.,R/sub m/) of feasible rates for m source-destination pairs, and /spl rho//sub /spl lscr// is the distance between the /spl lscr/th source and its destination. It is the supremum distance-weighted sum of rates that the wireless network can deliver. We show that there is a dichotomy between the cases of relatively high and relatively low attenuation. When /spl gamma/>0 or /spl delta/>3, the relatively high attenuation case, the transport capacity is bounded by a constant multiple of the sum of the transmit powers of the nodes in the network. However, when /spl gamma/=0 and /spl delta/<3/2, the low-attenuation case, we show that there exist networks that can provide unbounded transport capacity for fixed total power, yielding zero energy priced communication. Examples show that nodes can profitably cooperate over large distances using coherence and multiuser estimation when the attenuation is low. These results are established by developing a coding scheme and an achievable rate for Gaussian multiple-relay channels, a result that may be of interest in its own right.