Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numbers of Natural Teeth, Diet, and Nutritional Status in US Adults

Evidence that dental status affects diet is equivocal. The hypothesis of this study was that diet was affected by dental status. The objective was to assess the relationship between numbers of teeth and diet and nutritional status in US adult civilians without prostheses. We examined 6985 NHANES (1988–1994) participants. Data included socio-economics, demographics, dental status, and diet and nutritional status. Dietary data were obtained from food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour dietary recall. Serum levels of beta carotene, folate, and vitamin C were measured with isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. The population was classified by numbers of teeth. Covariance and Satterthwaite F-adjusted statistical comparisons were made between tooth groupings and the fully dentate population. Multilinear regression models adjusted for covariates. People with fewer than 28 teeth had significantly lower intakes of carrots, tossed salads, and dietary fiber than did fully dentate people, and lower serum levels for beta carotene, folate, and vitamin C. Dental status significantly affects diet and nutrition.
Ozone-induced foliar damage and release of stress volatiles is highly dependent on stomatal openness and priming by low-level ozone exposure in Phaseolus vulgaris.

Acute ozone exposure triggers major emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but quantitatively, it is unclear how different ozone doses alter the start and the total amount of these emissions, and the induction rate of different stress volatiles. It is also unclear whether priming (i.e. pre-exposure to lower O3 concentrations) can modify the magnitude and kinetics of volatile emissions. We investigated photosynthetic characteristics and VOC emissions in Phaseolus vulgaris following acute ozone exposure (600 nmol mol-1 for 30 min) under illumination and in darkness and after priming with 200 nmol mol-1 O3 for 30 min. Methanol and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway product emissions were induced rapidly, followed by moderate emissions of methyl salicylate (MeSA). Stomatal conductance prior to acute exposure was lower in darkness and after low O3 priming than in light and without priming. After low O3 priming, no MeSA and lower LOX emissions were detected under acute exposure. Overall, maximum emission rates and the total amount of emitted LOX products and methanol were quantitatively correlated with total stomatal ozone uptake. These results indicate that different stress volatiles scale differently with ozone dose and highlight the key role of stomatal conductance in controlling ozone uptake, leaf injury and volatile release.
Communication and Citizenship: Mapping the Political Effects of Infotainment

Political candidates and citizens alike have been turning to nontraditional, "softer" sources of political information such as late-night comedy and daytime talk shows. This is particularly true during presidential elections, when candidates make guest appearances to reach audience members who may or may not be politically engaged, and when discussion of political affairs becomes more prominent. What are the effects of consuming such media content? Using data from the 2000 National Annenberg Election Survey, we examine the effects of watching late-night comedy shows and candidates' appearances on Oprah on various forms of citizenship. Results indicate that watching political infotainment can enhance political engagement, but not for all sectors of the electorate and not all the time. Exposure to late-night comedy and political content on Oprah was associated with increased levels of participation. However, for late-night comedy viewing, the positive association between exposure and 2 criterion variables—intent to vote and interpersonal political discussion—was significantly more pronounced among political sophisticates.
Directionality Invalid Frozen Revoked Idle Free Instantiation Multiple Single Explicit ImplicitPassing State Policy Immediate Moderated Modality Backchannel Main UseLifetime Request Indefinite Timer Queue Discard Preemptive

Despite significant proliferation of Internet services in recent years, technology for computer-supported cooperative work and groupware have not progressed at the same rate. A wider distribution of the work force motivates the need for networked multimedia and groupware at Internet scope and for larger groups of end-users. In particular, synchronous telecollaboration enables people in different geographic locations to bridge time and space by sharing and jointly manipulating multimedia information in realtime and at various levels of granularity. This aspect stands in contrast to legacy client-server applications such as Internet radio broadcast or video-on-demand, and to asynchronous, document-centric collaboration tools like email, instant messaging, or chat rooms. In this paper, we provide a framework for network-supported synchronous multimedia groupwork at Internet scope and for large user groups. Contributions entail an novel classification for such systems concerning scale and scope of interaction, a formal framework for Internet sessions and mediation of access to concurrently shared resources, a taxonomy of crucial elements in cooperative applications, and a discussion of a generic network coordination protocol to sustain live interaction among concurrently active user groups. The core ideas put forward in this paper are useful for the characterization and rapid prototyping of a new generation of collaborative applications.
Attitude towards Learning English: The case of the UAE Technological High School

This paper outlines the results of a survey that was carried out, to identify Applied Technology High School students’ attitudes towards learning the English language and to investigate whether the students’ attitude is affected by the teacher’s nativity. The study sample consisted of 196 students at the Applied Technology High School (ATHS). A questionnaire was used for data collection. The findings showed that the vast majority of the subjects of the study had positive attitudes towards learning the English Language. In addition, the findings revealed that teacher’s nativity (native speaker vs non native speaker of English) did not influence students’ positive orientation toward the English language. Finally, some pedagogical implications that would help tap the students’ attitudes were presented.
Electric Toothbrushes–For Whom are They Designed?

Powered toothbrushes were first introduced on a large scale in the early 1960s. However, because of a clear lack of superiority compared with manual brushes, and problems with mechanical breakdowns, their sales decreased significantly. However, recommendation for their use continued in special populations with dexterity and cognition problems. The 1990s ushered in an era of new technology, and studies began to suggest superiority of some powered brushes, particularly those using oscillating-rotating or counter-rotational actions. Some studies have shown interproximal cleansing abilities superior to those of manual brushes and yielding results similar to those achieved with the use of a manual brush and floss. Both controlled and open-labeled studies have suggested that electric brushes improve gingival health with patients who routinely used manual brushes prior to using these new powered brushes, and safety has been clearly established. In recommending powered toothbrushes, practitioners should familiarize themselves with the products available, with the clinical studies supporting their benefits compared with manual brushes, their safety and ease of use, and the patient's economic status.
Commercially Available Demineralized Bone Matrix Compositions to Regenerate Calvarial Critical-Sized Bone Defects

Background: Demineralized bone matrix products are often used by surgeons to regenerate bone. Several different types of carriers have been combined with demineralized bone matrix to improve clinical handling and surgical outcome. The aim of the study was to quantitate bone regeneration in standard-sized calvarial defects (a critical-sized defect) in response to commercially available demineralized bone matrix formulations. Methods: The commercial demineralized bone matrix formulations were tested as received in 8-mm-diameter calvarial critical-sized defects in an athymic rat model. The demineralized bone matrix treatment groups included the following: (1) Allomatrix; (2) demineralized bone matrix plus sodium hyaluronate (DBX); (3) DBX with poly(DL-lactide) mesh; 4) Dynagraft; (5) Grafton; (6) Regenafil; and (7) human demineralized bone matrix without a carrier. An eighth treatment was a poly(DL-lactide) mesh. At designated times of 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the critical-sized defects were recovered and processed for undecalcified histology and histomorphometry. Histomorphometric data were subjected to an analysis of variance and Fisher's protected least significant difference multiple comparison test. Significance was established at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Allomatrix, Dynagraft, Regenafil, and poly(DL-lactide) mesh alone had less bone formation than DBX, Grafton, DBX plus mesh, and demineralized bone matrix. Conclusions: DBX, DBX plus mesh, demineralized bone matrix, and Grafton produced more bone formation than Allomatrix, Dynagraft, mesh alone, and Regenafil.
A New Method for Preliminary Identification of Gene Regulatory Networks from Gene Microarray Cancer Data Using Ridge Partial Least Squares With Recursive Feature Elimination and Novel Brier and Occurrence Probability Measures

This paper proposes a new method for preliminary identification of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from gene microarray cancer databased on ridge partial least squares (RPLS) with recursive feature elimination (RFE) and novel Brier and occurrence probability measures. It facilitates the preliminary identification of meaningful pathways and genes for a specific disease, rather than focusing on selecting a small set of genes for classification purposes as in conventional studies. First, RFE and a novel Brier error measure are incorporated in RPLS to reduce the estimation variance using a two-nested cross validation (CV) approach. Second, novel Brier and occurrence probability-based measures are employed in ranking genes across different CV subsamples. It helps to detect different GRNs from correlated genes which consistently appear in the ranking lists. Therefore, unlike most conventional approaches that emphasize the best classification using a small gene set, the proposed approach is able to simultaneously offer good classification accuracy and identify a more comprehensive set of genes and their associated GRNs. Experimental results on the analysis of three publicly available cancer data sets, namely leukemia, colon, and prostate, show that very stable gene sets from different but relevant GRNs can be identified, and most of them are found to be of biological significance according to previous findings in biological experiments. These suggest that the proposed approach may serve as a useful tool for preliminary identification of genes and their associated GRNs of a particular disease for further biological studies using microarray or similar data.
Dynamic Conformational Change Regulates the Protein-DNA Recognition: An Investigation on Binding of a Y-Family Polymerase to Its Target DNA

Protein-DNA recognition is a central biological process that governs the life of cells. A protein will often undergo a conformational transition to form the functional complex with its target DNA. The protein conformational dynamics are expected to contribute to the stability and specificity of DNA recognition and therefore may control the functional activity of the protein-DNA complex. Understanding how the conformational dynamics influences the protein-DNA recognition is still challenging. Here, we developed a two-basin structure-based model to explore functional dynamics in Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA Y-family polymerase IV (DPO4) during its binding to DNA. With explicit consideration of non-specific and specific interactions between DPO4 and DNA, we found that DPO4-DNA recognition is comprised of first 3D diffusion, then a short-range adjustment sliding on DNA and finally specific binding. Interestingly, we found that DPO4 is under a conformational equilibrium between multiple states during the binding process and the distributions of the conformations vary at different binding stages. By modulating the strength of the electrostatic interactions, the flexibility of the linker, and the conformational dynamics in DPO4, we drew a clear picture on how DPO4 dynamically regulates the DNA recognition. We argue that the unique features of flexibility and conformational dynamics in DPO4-DNA recognition have direct implications for low-fidelity translesion DNA synthesis, most of which is found to be accomplished by the Y-family DNA polymerases. Our results help complete the description of the DNA synthesis process for the Y-family polymerases. Furthermore, the methods developed here can be widely applied for future investigations on how various proteins recognize and bind specific DNA substrates.
The case of Latin America

Party politics and the crisis of presidentialism in Chile - a proposal for a parliamentary form of government, Arturo Valenzuela presidentialism and democratic stability in Uruguay, Luis Eduardo Gonzalez and Charles Guy Gillespie Brazil - toward parliamentarism? , Bolivar Lamounier presidentialism and Colombian politics, Jonathon Hartlyn loose parties, "floating" politicans, and institutional stress - presidentialism in Ecuador, 1979-1988, Catherine M. Conaghan presidents, messiahs, and constitutional breakdowns in Peru, Cynthia McClintock Venezuela - democratic despite presidentialism, Michael Coppedge.
The matter content of the jet in M87: evidence for an electron—positronjet

Recent observations have allowed the geometry and kinematics of the M87 jet to be tightly constrained. We combine these constraints with historical Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) results and the theory of synchrotron self-absorbed radio cores in order to investigate the physical properties of the jet. Our results strongly suggest the jet to be dominated by an electron-positron (pair) plasma. Although our conservative constraints cannot conclusively dismiss an electron­ proton plasma, the viability of this solution is extremely vulnerable to further tightening of VLBI surface brightness limits. The arguments presented, coupled with future high-resolution multifrequency VLBI studies of the jet core, will be able to firmly distinguish these two possibilities.
Number Sense in Kindergarten: A Factor-Analytic Study of the Construct

Abstract. Number sense skills provide the foundation for the acquisition of higher order mathematical skills and concepts. However, there is disagreement over the definition of number sense, the specific skills that make up the construct, and the psychometric properties of measures used to assess these skills. In the current study, 10 brief tasks hypothesized to assess facets of number sense were administered to a sample of 218 kindergarten students. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that a two-factor model best fit the data, with the first factor consisting of number-related skills and the second factor consisting of rapid naming skills. Implications for conceptualizing the number sense construct and measuring number sense skills in young children are discussed.
The CDC Hemophilia B mutation project mutation list: a new online resource

Hemophilia B (HB) is caused by mutations in the human gene F9. The mutation type plays a pivotal role in genetic counseling and prediction of inhibitor development. To help the HB community understand the molecular etiology of HB, we have developed a listing of all F9 mutations that are reported to cause HB based on the literature and existing databases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hemophilia B Mutation Project (CHBMP) mutation list is compiled in an easily accessible format of Microsoft Excel and contains 1083 unique mutations that are reported to cause HB. Each mutation is identified using Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature standards. The mutation types and the predicted changes in amino acids, if applicable, are also provided. Related information including the location of mutation, severity of HB, the presence of inhibitor, and original publication reference are listed as well. Therefore, our mutation list provides an easily accessible resource for genetic counselors and HB researchers to predict inhibitors. The CHBMP mutation list is freely accessible at http://www.cdc. gov/hemophiliamutations.
Growth without growth hormone: can growth and differentiation factor 5 be the mediator?

Abstract Growth without growth hormone (GH) is often observed in the setup of obesity; however, the missing link between adipocytes and linear growth was until now not identified. 3T3L1 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes and their conditioned medium (CM) (adipocytes CM, CMA) was added to metatarsals bone culture and compared to CM derived from undifferentiated cells. CMA significantly increased metatarsals bone elongation. Adipogenic differentiation increased the expression of growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-5, also found to be secreted into the CMA. GDF-5 significantly increased metatarsal length in culture; treatment of the CMA with anti-GDF-5 antibody significantly reduced the stimulatory effect on bone length. The presence of GDF-5 receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor; BMPR1) in metatarsal bone was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Animal studies in rodents subjected to food restriction followed by re-feeding showed an increase in GDF-5 serum levels concomitant with nutritional induced catch up growth. These results show that adipocytes may stimulate bone growth and suggest an additional explanation to the growth without GH phenomenon.
Qualitative Research in Health Care

This fully revised and updated edition of Qualitative Research in Health Care offers a clear and accessible introduction to conducting and interpreting qualitative research, incorporating new examples, references and chapters relevant for a comprehensive introduction to the subject. New chapters and references include: • Synthesising qualitative research • Secondary analysis of primary data • Ethical issues • Mixed research methods and integrating qualitative with quantitative techniques • Consensus and other methods for eliciting public and professional views and preferences • Conversation analysis
Simulation Models and Implementation of a Simulator for the Performability Analysis of Electric Power Systems Considering Interdependencies

Electric power systems are critical infrastructures that provide vital services for the human activities; assessing their dependability is thus an high priority task. This paper presents an ad-hoc simulator for the evaluation of dependability and performability measures in electrical power system (EPS). Our stochastic model is composed by separated and simple submodels of the dynamics of the two subsystems composing EPS: the electrical infrastructure and the computer-based control system. By providing explicit modeling of the interdependencies between the main subsystems, the impact on the dependability and performability of the cascading or escalating failures can be analyzed. Some preliminary analysis on a case study are also shown.
Associations Between Self-Perceived and Measured Physical Fitness of Male College Students

3 Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between Self-perceived and measured physical fitness of male college students. The target population consisted entirely of male students of University of Guilan, Iran. Among them non- athlete male with mean age of 21.83±1.17 years, height 173.6±6.4 cm, weight 70.66±11.8 kg and body mass index 22.38±3. kg/m , volunteered to participate in this study, 2 respectively. The participants (n = 150) completed a five item self-reported questionnaire to estimate their physical fitness levels. Self-perceived fitness (SPF) was assessed using a five-component questionnaire in which subjects indicated on a 13-point rating scale their perceived endurance, flexibility, strength, body composition and overall fitness. Results show that there were significant correlations between self-perceived of endurance and 1500-m running time (r = -.17); but, the correlation between self-perceived of strength and composite strength scores (handgrip dynamometry, hand-grip tests) (r =.09); self-perceived of flexibility and sit and reach scores (r =-.033) and self-perceived of body composition (r =.042) was not significant. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and deductive statistical used to relations between variables were described by using Pearson correlation coefficient. In all subject, self- perceived scores higher than actual fitness scores. The results clearly indicated that non-athlete male student's did not sufficient skills to competently undertake self-perceived of their fitness.
The Characterization of an Adrenergic Signalling System Involved in the Encystment of the Ocular Pathogen Acanthamoeba spp.

The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the receptor system involved in controlling encystment in Acanthamoeba using specific agonists and antagonists and to examine whether endogenous stores of catecholamines are produced by the organism. Acanthamoeba trophozoites suspended in axenic growth medium were exposed to adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists to determine which compounds promoted or prevented encystment. Second, trophozoites were cultured in medium containing a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor to investigate the effect this had on natural encystment. Nonspecific adrenoceptor agonists including epinephrine, isoprotenerol, and the selective β1 adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine were found to cause > 90% encystment of Acanthamoeba trophozoites compared to < 30% with the controls. The selective β1 antagonist metoprolol was able to inhibit epinephrine mediated encystment by > 55%. Cultures of Acanthamoeba with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor α‐methyl‐p‐tyrosine significantly reduced the level of amoebic encystment compared to controls. In conclusion, Acanthamoeba appear to contain a functional adrenergic receptor system of unknown structure which is involved in initiating the encystment process that can be activated and blocked by β1 agonists and antagonists respectively. Furthermore, the presence of this receptor system in Acanthamoeba indicates that topical β adrenoceptor blockers may be effective adjunct therapy by reducing the transformation of trophozoites into the highly resistant cyst stage.
Creating Resources for Dialectal Arabic from a Single Annotation: A Case Study on Egyptian and Levantine

Arabic dialects present a special problem for natural language processing because there are few resources, they have no standard orthography, and have not been studied much. However, as more and more written dialectal Arabic is found in social media, NLP for Arabic dialects becomes an important goal. We present a methodology for creating a morphological analyzer and a morphological tagger for dialectal Arabic, and we illustrate it on Egyptian and Levantine Arabic. To our knowledge, these are the first analyzer and tagger for Levantine.