Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring semantic concepts from community-contributed images and noisy tags

In this paper, we exploit the problem of inferring images' semantic concepts from community-contributed images and their associated noisy tags. To infer the concepts more accurately, we propose a novel sparse graph-based semi-supervised learning approach for harnessing the labeled and unlabeled data simultaneously. The sparse graph constructed by datum-wise one-vs-all sparse reconstructions of all samples can remove most of the concept-unrelated links among the data, thus is more robust and discriminative than conventional graphs. More importantly, we propose an effective training label refinement strategy within this graph-based learning framework to handle the noise in the tags, by bringing in a dual regularization for both the quantity and sparsity of the noise. In addition, we construct an informative compact concept space with small semantic gap to infer the semantic concepts in this space to bridge the semantic gap. The relations among different concepts are inherently embedded in this space to help the concept inference. We conduct extensive experiments on a real-world community-contributed image database consisting of 55,615 Flickr images and associated tags. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches and the capability of our method to deal with the noise in the tags. We further show that we could achieve comparable performance by inferring semantic concepts from training data with noisy tags versus training data with clean ground-truth labels.
Forms, Sources and Processes of Trust

This chapter reviews some key points in the analysis of trust, based on Nooteboom (2002)i.The following questions are addressed.What can we have trust in? What is the relation between trust and control? What are the sources of trust? And what are its limits? By what process is trust built up and broken down? What are the psychological mechanisms involved? The chapter ends with an illustration of trust in the police.
Facial emotion recognition after bilateral amygdala damage: Differentially severe impairment of fear

Although the amygdala is widely believed to have a role in the recognition of emotion, a central issue concerns whether it is involved in the recognition of all emotions or whether it is more important to some emotions than to others. We describe studies of two people, DR and SE, with impaired recognition of facial expressions in the context of bilateral amygdala damage. When tested with photographs showing facial expressions of emotion from the Ekman and Friesen (1976) series, both DR and SE showed deficits in the recognition of fear. Problems in recognising fear were also found using photographic quality images interpolated (“morphed”) between prototypes of the six emotions in the Ekman and Friesen (1976) series to create a hexagonal continuum (running from happiness to surprise to fear to sadness to disgust to anger to happiness). Control subjects identified these morphed images as belonging to distinct regions of the continuum, corresponding to the nearest prototype expression. However, DR and SE were.
Association of Obesity with Asthma Severity, Control and Quality of Life

Background The association between asthma and obesity is becoming increasingly established but the mechanism that might explain the observed differences in asthma severity, control and quality of life between obese and non-obese adult asthmatics is not clear. The purpose of this study was: 1) to determine asthma severity, control and quality of life in obese asthmatics and 2) to explore, according to the body mass index (BMI), the systemic inflammatory state of asthmatic people. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2009 and 2010. Two hundred adult asthmatic patients were included. Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis with chi-square comparison test followed by a multivariate logistic regression. Results Obesity worsens the severity of asthma. This finding was more strongly observed among women than men. Obesity and overweight are associated with a poorer control of asthma. According to BMI, obese asthmatics had 6 times more frequent emergency visits, 5 times more frequent hospitalizations for asthma related complaints, increased missed work days and greater dose of inhaled corticosteroids (1025µg/day vs. 759µg/day of beclometasone equivalent). Mean serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin was significantly correlated with asthma severity based on GINA classification (5.75 vs. 2.81 mg/l; 20.5 vs. 5.38 ng/ml; respectively). Conclusion In summary, it appears that obesity is significantly associated with a greater asthma severity and a poorer asthma control and quality of life. Chronic systemic inflammation state may explain the relationship between obesity and asthma.
Eliminating duplication in source code via procedure extraction

Duplication in source code is a widespread phenomenon that increases program size and complexity, and makes program maintenance more difficult. A solution to this problem is to detect clones (instances of copied code) and to eliminate them. Elimination works by extracting the cloned code into a separate new procedure, and replacing each clone by a call to this procedure. Several automatic approaches to detecting clones have been reported in the literature. In this paper we address the issue of automatically extracting a previously detected group of clones into a separate procedure. We present an algorithm that can extract “difficult” groups of clones, and a study that shows that difficult clone groups arise frequently in practice, and that our algorithm handles them well.
Cognitive structures and semantic deep structures: the case of the instrumental

Many linguists describe the underlying structure of sentences in terms of cases (e.g. Fillmore, 1968) or relations between the verb and nouns (Chafe, 1970), the, usually tacit, assumption being that this reflects the way we view the world. The underlying linguistic structure would accordingly be a formalization of cognitive structure. Elsewhere (Schlesinger, 1977: Ch. 5 ), I have argued that a distinction has to be made between cognitive structures and semantic deep structures. Cognitive structures correspond to the way we perceive the world.
On the Relationship Between Students’ Perceptions of Teaching Quality, Methods of Assessment, and Satisfaction

Although the relationship between students’ perceptions of quality of teaching and student satisfaction may seem self-evident, the interaction between these concepts and related methods of assessment is rarely examined. The findings reveal that the perceived teaching quality categorization emerges as a concept with multiple facets centered on learning, enthusiasm, interaction and student engagement, communications, and practical relevance. The authors note significant links among students’ satisfaction, their feeling reactions on various levels, and their evaluations of teaching and instructors under various assessment schemes.
Predictors of Rearrest for Rapists and Child Molesters On Probation

As a result of sex crimes committed against vulnerable populations such as women and youth, American policy makers have increasingly focused on the risk that released sex offenders pose to the public. This study compared sex offender probationers to understand whether predictors of rearrest differ for rapists and child molesters. After a 3-year follow-up, rapists were significantly more likely than child molesters to be rearrested for a nonsexual offense, whereas a trend in the data indicated that child molesters were more likely than rapists to be rearrested for a sexual offense. Results of the study indicated that criminal histories and offender age were robust predictors for both rapists and child molesters.
The Use of Conflict Management Behaviors in Voluntary Organizations: An Exploratory Study

This study sought to determine how conflict is managed in voluntary organiza tions. One-hundred sixty-two subjects, randomly selected from 18 organizations with various missions, were sent a conflict situation and the Organizational Com munication Conflict Instrument (OCCI). Results of a three-factor MANOVA show no significant differences in conflict management style attributed to position, sex, or tenure. Significant differences in conflict management style are attributed to content of a conflict situation. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for those working in voluntary organizations.
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON INDIVIDUALS' TURNOVER DECISIONS: A META‐ANALYTIC PATH MODEL

Historically, researchers have sought to identify environmental causes of employee turnover. This paradigm has led to the underemphasis of individual differences as being an important cause of individuals' turnover decisions. The results of the meta-analysis show that personality traits do have an impact on individuals' turnover intentions and behaviors. The trait of Emotional Stability best predicted (negatively) employees' intentions to quit, whereas the traits of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness best predicted (negatively) actual turnover decisions. A theoretically developed path model showed important direct effects from personality to intentions to quit and turnover behaviors that were not captured through job satisfaction or job performance. These direct effects indicate that employees who are low on Emotional Stability may intend to quit for reasons other than dissatisfaction with their jobs or not being able to perform their jobs well. The direct effects on turnover suggest that individuals who are low on Agreeableness or high on Openness may engage in unplanned quitting. Personality traits had stronger relationships with outcomes than did non-self-report measures of job complexity/job characteristics.
Bridging theory and practice: Toward a unified framework of innovation

While the innovation literature has introduced over the years many conceptual frameworks for classifying innovations, there is yet little agreement among researchers on a unified framework for studying innovation. More troubling is the fact that most theoretical frameworks of innovations have had little impact on the way organizations conduct their innovation processes in practice. In addition, only few studies have connected the innovation process with the methodology used for turning ideas into useful products or services, namely project management. This conceptual paper offers a unified framework of innovation and demonstrates its value on real-life cases of innovation. The framework is an integration of well-known innovation frameworks with a project classification framework, adding the market and technological uncertainty dimensions. The unified framework enables to deal with one of the most important aspects of innovation, closing the uncertainty gap existing at the onset of the innovation process.
Hybrid Photonic NoC Based on Non-Blocking Photonic Switch and Light-Weight Electronic Router

In conventional hybrid PNoC systems, the end-to end optical data transfer is accompanied with electrical control functions including path-setup, acknowledgment, and tear-down. These functions directly a ect the performance and power characteristics of these circuit-switching based systems. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid PNoC system, named PHENIC-II. 1 Thanks to the adopted non-blocking photonic switch and light-weight electronic router, PHENIC-II is capable of alleviating the congestion in the electronic control layer which is considered as the main source of latency and power overhead in hybrid PNoC systems. From the performance evaluation, we demonstrate that the proposed system has a better performance and low energy dissipation when compared to the previously proposed systems.
Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in a pediatric intensive care unit from Southern India: A prospective observational study

Background: Although the term acute renal failure was replaced by acute kidney injury (AKI) recently, there is a paucity of data on the incidence and profile of AKI in critically ill children from the developing world. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, etiology, short term outcome and predictors of fatality in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with AKI, aged 1 month to 13 years. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, from June 2010 to March 2011, 215 children admitted to the PICU were screened for AKI, defined according to the AKI Network criteria. The patients with AKI were followed-up until discharge/death. Their clinical and biochemical data were recorded. Results: The incidence of AKI among 215 patients screened was 54 (25.1%). The common etiologies were infections, [34 (62.9%)], acute glomerulonephritis (7.6%), snake envenomation (5.7%), hemolytic uremic syndrome (3.8%) and congestive cardiac failures (3.8%). Among infections, pneumonia and septicemia constituted 26.5% each, meningoencephalitis accounted for 23.5%, and dengue, scrub typhus, tuberculosis and malaria constituted 9.3% of children with AKI. 27.8% of patients required dialysis. Overall mortality was 46.3%. On logistic regression analysis, requirement of mechanical ventilation was an independent predictor of fatality in AKI. Conclusions: Besides the high incidence of AKI in critically ill-children admitted to the PICU (25.1%), the condition was associated with adverse outcomes, including high mortality (46.3%) and need for dialysis (27.8%). Infections dominated the etiological profile. Requirement of mechanical ventilation predicted an adverse outcome in our patient population.
‘Seeing’ is ‘trying’: The relation of visual perception to attemptive modality in the world's languages

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the concepts of ‘seeing’ and ‘attempting/trying’ in various languages. These concepts have so far been found to be co-lexified in languages spoken in Eurasia, Papua New Guinea, India and West Africa, with an added implicature of politeness present in some languages when this lexical item is used in directives. After establishing a cross-linguistic sample, the paper proposes a specific grammaticalization mechanism as responsible for producing this semantic relationship. The explanation centers on a process involving metaphorical transfer, the loss of semantic features, generalization, and a specific syntactic context conducive to this meaning shift. First, the Mind-as-Body metaphor is applied to the mind-related notion of ‘seeing an object’ to derive the body-related notion of ‘controlling an object’, as has previously been demonstrated to be the case in the history of certain Indo-European languages. Second, semantic bleaching causes the meaning component of physical sight to be lost from the overall meaning of the morpheme, and semantic generalization allows attempted actions to be mentally treated the same as physical objects that are manipulated. Finally, the context in which this meaning shift occurs is posited as constructions involving multiverbs, such as serial verbs or converbs.
Lexical processing in the bilingual brain: Evidence from grammatical/morphological deficits

Background: A few studies have recently documented cases of proficient bilingual individuals who, subsequent to neural injury, suffered selective deficits affecting specific aspects of lexical processing. These cases involved disruption affecting the production of words from a specific grammatical category (verbs or nouns) or the production of irregular versus regular verb forms. Critically, these selective deficits were manifested in a strikingly similar manner across the two languages spoken by each of the individuals. Aims: The present study aims at reviewing these cases of selective cross‐linguistic deficits and discussing their implications for theories concerning lexical organisation in the bilingual brain. Methods & Procedures: The studies reviewed here employed a variety of behavioural tests that were specifically designed to investigate the availability in aphasic patients of lexical information concerning nouns and verbs and their morphological characteristics. Outcomes & Results: The brain‐damaged bilingual speakers reviewed in the present study exhibited selective deficits for nouns, verbs, or irregularly inflected verbs in both of their languages. Conclusions: The selectivity and cross‐language nature of the deficits reviewed here indicates that at least certain language substrates are shared in proficient bilingual people. The fact that these deficits affect grammatical class distinctions and verb inflections—information that is part of the lexicon—further indicates that shared neural substrates support lexical processing in proficient bilingual people.
Significance of Vestibular Testing on Distinguishing the Nerve of Origin for Vestibular Schwannoma and Predicting the Preservation of Hearing

Background:Determining the nerve of origin for vestibular schwannoma (VS), as a method for predicting hearing prognosis, has not been systematically considered. The vestibular test can be used to investigate the function of the superior vestibular nerve (SVN) and the inferior vestibular nerve (IVN). This study aimed to preoperatively distinguish the nerve of origin for VS patients using the vestibular test, and determine if this correlated with hearing preservation. Methods:A total of 106 patients with unilateral VS were enrolled in this study prospectively. Each patient received a caloric test, vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test, and cochlear nerve function test (hearing) before the operation and 1 week, 3, and 6 months, postoperatively. All patients underwent surgical removal of the VS using the suboccipital approach. During the operation, the nerve of tumor origin (SVN or IVN) was identified by the surgeon. Tumor size was measured by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Results:The nerve of tumor origin could not be unequivocally identified in 38 patients (38/106, 35.80%). These patients were not subsequently evaluated. In 26 patients (nine females, seventeen males), tumors arose from the SVN and in 42 patients (18 females, 24 males), tumors arose from the IVN. Comparing with the nerve of origins (SVN and IVN) of tumors, the results of the caloric tests and VEMP tests were significantly different in tumors originating from the SVN and the IVN in our study. Hearing was preserved in 16 of 26 patients (61.54%) with SVN-originating tumors, whereas hearing was preserved in only seven of 42 patients (16.67%) with IVN-originating tumors. Conclusions:Our data suggest that caloric and VEMP tests might help to identify whether VS tumors originate from the SVN or IVN. These tests could also be used to evaluate the residual function of the nerves after surgery. Using this information, we might better predict the preservation of hearing for patients.
On Quantized Multi-User Beamforming in Spatially Correlated Broadcast Channels

We consider a spatially correlated multi-user communication system with Nt antennas at the base station (BS), U users (Nt of whom are serviced), and each user with a single antenna. While the users are assumed to know their channels perfectly, the BS has neither instantaneous channel state information (CSI) nor the spatial statistics corresponding to any of the users. We consider a limited feedback model where each user conveys B bits of partial channel information to the BS. Due to the lack of statistical information at the BS, a codebook based on random vector quantization (RVQ) and tailored to uncorrected Rayleigh fading is used in signaling. Our first contribution is to characterize the impact of spatial correlation (in particular, the eigenvalues of the transmit covariance matrix) on the performance of an RVQ scheme. We also show that spatial correlation has significant consequences on practical aspects of limited feedback systems like storage and construction of codebooks. While independent RVQ codebooks have to be generated for the different users in the i.i. d. case, under certain relaxed assumptions on the correlation, the same codebook can be reused across all the users. This is because the spatial signature induced by the correlation can be exploited to distinguish the quantizers of different users.
Nitric oxide increases myocardial efficiency in the hypoxia-tolerant turtle Trachemys scripta

SUMMARY Nitric oxide (NO) may influence cardiac mechanical performance relative to O2 consumption by depressing respiration rate and by affecting the excitation–contraction coupling. Such effects of NO should be particularly important during hypoxia in species such as the hypoxia-tolerant turtle Trachemys scripta. In heart ventricle preparations from this species, the ratio of twitch force to O2 consumption increased by approximately 15% during full oxygenation and by approximately 60% during hypoxia in the presence of added l-arginine [the substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)]. This effect was primarily due to a decrease in O2 consumption and may represent an increase in the twitch force obtained per ATP and/or in the ATP obtained per O2. Lactate production during hypoxia did not differ between preparations treated with either l-arginine or asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an inhibitor of NOS, suggesting that NO does not elicit a compensatory increase in anaerobic metabolism. ADMA did not reverse the effects of l-arginine on O2 consumption significantly, although pre-treatment with ADMA abolished the effect of l-arginine, consistent with the competitive binding of l-arginine and ADMA to NOS. Histochemical studies using the fluorescent probe 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA) revealed NO production in the presence of added l-arginine. In conclusion, NO may augment heart contractility obtained per O2 by deceasing O2 consumption without affecting either lactate production or developed force. This effect was particularly pronounced under O2 deficiency and may therefore contribute towards preserving cardiac function and to the overall excellent hypoxic tolerance of the turtle.
Posttraumatic Stress and Meaning Making in Mexico City

Mexico City, established in 1524, is Mexico’s most important educational, financial and cultural centre. As is typical of large metropolitan cities, Mexico City has its share of crime, violence and poverty. It also has a history of natural disasters, particularly large-scale earthquakes. There is a lack of research on the impacts and correlates of chronic exposure to trauma in developing societies such as Mexico City. Particularly, a dearth of research that examines the relationship between exposure to trauma and posttraumatic growth in these populations exists. Recently, the Association of Trauma Outreach and Prevention (ATOP) organised a humanitarian mission to Mexico City to assess posttraumatic symptomatology and identify factors that contributed to meaning making and posttraumatic growth, including socio-demographic variables. The results demonstrated that age and marital status were associated with traumatic stress symptomatology and the ability to find meaning in trauma and purpose in one’s life. Inconsistent with previous research, there were no differential associations in symptomatology or posttraumatic growth on the basis of gender. Of note, the results suggested that individuals who had offered support to others during a traumatic event were currently experiencing lower levels of posttraumatic stress and an increased ability to find meaning in the trauma.