Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"What's Happening at that Hip?": Evaluating an On-body Projection based Augmented Reality System for Physiotherapy Classroom

We present two studies to discuss the design, usability analysis, and educational outcome resulting from our system Augmented Body in physiotherapy classroom. We build on prior user-centric design work that investigates existing teaching methods and discuss opportunities for intervention. We present the design and implementation of a hybrid system for physiotherapy education combining an on-body projection based virtual anatomy supplemented by pen-based tablets to create real-time annotations. We conducted a usability evaluation of this system, comparing with projection only and traditional teaching conditions. Finally, we focus on a comparative study to evaluate learning outcome among students in actual classroom settings. Our studies showed increased usage of visual representation techniques in students'11 note taking behavior and statistically significant improvement in some learning aspects. We discuss challenges for designing augmented reality systems for education, including minimizing attention split, addressing text-entry issues, and digital annotations on a moving physical body.
Physiologic development of tongue-jaw coordination from childhood to adulthood.

PURPOSE This investigation aimed to examine the development of tongue-jaw coordination during speech from childhood to adolescence. METHOD Electromagnetic articulography was used to track tongue and jaw motion in 48 children and adults (aged 6-38 years) during productions of /t/ and /k/ embedded in sentences. RESULTS The coordinative organization of the tongue and jaw exhibited changes until the age of 8-11 years and continued to undergo refinement into late adolescence. The tongue-tip and tongue-body were observed to develop unique kinematic relations with the jaw. While tongue-tip movement became increasingly synchronized with jaw movement, tongue-body and jaw retained movement independence but developed a more consistent kinematic relation. CONCLUSION The present results support the notion that speech motor development is nonuniform, with a refinement period from mid-childhood to late adolescence.
Arabidopsis MRG domain proteins bridge two histone modifications to elevate expression of flowering genes

Trimethylation of lysine 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me3) is found to be associated with various transcription events. In Arabidopsis, the H3K36me3 level peaks in the first half of coding regions, which is in contrast to the 3′-end enrichment in animals. The MRG15 family proteins function as ‘reader’ proteins by binding to H3K36me3 to control alternative splicing or prevent spurious intragenic transcription in animals. Here, we demonstrate that two closely related Arabidopsis homologues (MRG1 and MRG2) are localised to the euchromatin and redundantly ensure the increased transcriptional levels of two flowering time genes with opposing functions, FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). MRG2 directly binds to the FT locus and elevates the expression in an H3K36me3-dependent manner. MRG1/2 binds to H3K36me3 with their chromodomain and interact with the histone H4-specific acetyltransferases (HAM1 and HAM2) to achieve a high expression level through active histone acetylation at the promoter and 5′ regions of target loci. Together, this study presents a mechanistic link between H3K36me3 and histone H4 acetylation. Our data also indicate that the biological functions of MRG1/2 have diversified from their animal homologues during evolution, yet they still maintain their conserved H3K36me3-binding molecular function.
Papermaking characteristics of three Populus clones grown in the north-central United States

The papermaking properties of 22 pure and hybrid poplars are being evaluated in an on-going investigation. Twenty of the poplars were harvested after 7.5 years from three different sites in the Midwestern and North Central US. The other 2 poplars survived at only two of three sites (64 total samples). The Crandon hybrid had the highest growth rate (t ha 1 y ) and wood density (both averaged across the 3 sites). This poplar had a high cellulose content (compared to the average), a low lignin content and produced bleached kraft fibers at a high yield (wt.% on wood chips). Further, this poplar responded very well to kraft pulping and oxygen delignification and bleached to the highest final brightness ever observed in our laboratory (94.5% Elrepho). It also produced an 18 kappa number unbleached pulp with o0.5% rejects in only two-thirds the time required for sugar maple (Acer saccharum). We also report on clone 220-5 that had the highest area-weighted average microfibril angle. Pulps from this poplar had excellent tensile properties and further improvements are expected with 1–2 years of additional growth that should result in a small, but significant increase in average fiber length. Some results are also presented for clone 313.55 and aspen (Populus tremuloides) to demonstrate the many substantial benefits that can be accrued from proper wood selection. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Low-tidal-volume ventilation in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

A 55-year-old man who is 178 cm tall and weighs 95 kg is hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and progressively severe dyspnea. His arterial oxygen saturation while breathing 100% oxygen through a face mask is 76%; a chest radiograph shows diffuse alveolar infiltrates with air bronchograms. He is intubated and receives mechanical ventilation; ventilator settings include a tidal volume of 1000 ml, a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm of water, and a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.8. With these settings, peak airway pressure is 50 to 60 cm of water, plateau airway pressure is 38 cm of water, partial pressure of arterial oxygen is 120 mm Hg, partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 37 mm Hg, and arterial blood pH is 7.47. The diagnosis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is made. An intensive care specialist evaluates the patient and recommends changing the current ventilator settings and implementing a low-tidal-volume ventilation strategy.
Effects of functional task training with mental practice in stroke: a meta analysis.

OBJECTIVE Meta analysis of studies was carried out to examine the effectiveness of functional task training with mental practice on functional performance following stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY An exhaustive search was conducted using computerized databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and EBSCO (CINAHL). SELECTION CRITERIA The search was performed using the following keywords: stroke, functional task, mental practice, randomized controlled trial. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently retrieved appropriate RCTs, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of each study. Selected studies needed to report the statistical values necessary for calculating the effect size, which was estimated using the standardized difference of the mean. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were also investigated. RESULTS The five studies included 146 participants. The overall effect size was moderate (0.51, p < 0.001). The 95% confidence interval was from 0.27 to 0.75. Significant heterogeneity and publications bias were not founded. CONCLUSION The present study is the first meta-analysis conducted on the effectiveness of functional task training with mental practice in stroke. The results indicate the clinical effectiveness of functional task training with mental practice provided by occupational and physical therapists in stroke rehabilitation.
The Function of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in the Insightful Solving of Puzzles: The ACC Is Activated Less When the Structure of the Puzzle Is Known

It has been observed in recent neuroimaging studies that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the insightful solving of puzzles. Yet, the exact function of the ACC in insight is not clear. In this event-related fMRI study, we compared the neural correlates of the solving of two kinds of puzzles. In Condition A, the subjects solved a list of puzzles that were constructed by different principles; whereas in Condition B, all of the puzzles were constructed by the same principle. Thus, it was possible for the solvers to allocate some task-general strategy to solve the puzzles in Condition B. For Condition A, such top-down control was relatively difficult to achieve. The results showed that, relative to the resting baseline, both conditions evoked comparable activities in the left lateral prefrontal cortex, but that Condition A evoked more ACC activities than Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies ! "#$%, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2004), 195–213
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Syringomyelia in Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Background Post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is a common disease after spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study was performed to evaluate the advantages of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in estimating SCI and prognosing PTS in SCI rats. Material/Methods Forty rats were divided into 3 groups based on the extent of the individual SCI and PTS: a control group (n=10), a PTS group (n=8), and an SCI group (n=22). BBB tests were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at (1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 1 w, 2 w, 1 w, 2 w, 3 w, 4 w, 5 w, and 6 w). MRI T2 scanning was conducted postoperatively at (1 w, 2 w, 3 w, 4 w, 5 w, 6 w). DTI and diffusion tensor tractography were used for analyzing neuro-fiber changes after SCI. Results BBB scoring showed no differences between the PTS group and SCI group (P<0.05). PTS was found in 8 rats after SCI. MRI showed PTS formation in 3 rats at 2 w after SCI, and 5 rats showed PTS formation at postoperative 3w after SCI. Compared with the control group, ADC showed significant increase in both the PTS group (P<0.05) and the SCI group (P<0.05), FA showed significant decreases in the PTS (P<0.05) and SCI (P<0.05) groups. Compared with the SCI group, the PTS group showed an increase in ADC, but no statistical difference was found in ADC (P>0.05). The PTS group showed a significant increase in FA (P<0.05). Conclusions The combination of diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography has characteristics of high-sensitivity and quantitation for PTS prognosis. FA is predictive in the prognosis of PTS formation after SCI.
Designing for young people's ICT use

Information and communication technologies (ICT) and the Internet figure very prominently in the lives of contemporary youth; online activities are deeply embedded in their everyday routines. Existing research has identified a number of "genres of participation" in the online behavior of youth, including "hanging out," "messing around," "geeking out," and "doing serious business. " This study extends this categorization of genres by identifying a "passing time" genre of participation that also plays a significant role in the online life of youth. In addition, this study posits that understanding young people's online behavior indicates relevant aspects to be considered in ICT design for youth. Thus, as the main contribution of this paper we propose design guidelines for ICT design for youth, extending the present set of design guidelines that address this age group.
Analysis on Multiview Social Data

With the proliferation of social networks, people are likely to share their opinions about news, social events and products on the Web. There is an increasing interest in understanding users’ attitude or sentiment from the large repository of opinion-rich data on the Web. This can benefit many commercial and political applications. Primarily, the researchers concentrated on the documents such as users’ comments on the purchased products. Recent works show that visual appearance also conveys rich human affection that can be predicted. While great efforts have been devoted on the single media, either text or image, little attempts are paid for the joint analysis of multi-view data which is becoming a prevalent form in the social media. For example, paired with the posted textual messages on Twitter, users are likely to upload images and videos which may carry their affective states. One common obstacle is the lack of sufficient manually annotated instances for model learning and performance evaluation. To prompt the researches on this problem, we introduce a multi-view sentiment analysis dataset (MVSA) including a set of manually annotated image-text pairs collected from Twitter. The dataset can be utilized as a valuable benchmark for both single-view and multi-view sentiment analysis. In this thesis, we further conduct a comprehensive study on computational analysis of sentiment from the multi-view data. The state-of-the-art approaches on single view (image or text) or multiview (image and text) data are introduced, and compared through extensive experiments conducted on our constructed dataset and other public datasets. More importantly, the effectiveness of the correlation between different views is also studied using the widely used fusion strategies and advanced multi-view feature extraction methods.
The Impact of Informal Coach Training on the Personal Development of Youth Sport Athletes

The role of adults has been outlined as a critical aspect of positive development of young athletes. Youth-sport coaches interact constantly with athletes and hence have the potential to impact significantly on the experiences of youth. Formal coach training has been proposed as a method for helping coaches interact effectively with athletes, but research shows that many coaches learn through experience and interactions with other coaches. The purpose of this study was to determine if coach training offered through the sport program impacts positively on the personal development of youth. Results suggest that athletes who played for coaches that received training through their program reported higher rates of personal and social skills than athletes who played for untrained coaches. Implications for sport programs' administrators are discussed along with recommendations for incorporating positive development principles within a sport environment.
Cold‐induced vasodilatation in various areas of the body surface of man

The phenomenon of cold-induced vasodilatation was first described by Lewis (1930). He found that the temperature of the skin of the fingers during continued immersion in ice-cold water fell rapidly for the first few minutes and thereafter spontaneous rewarming took place. Cyclic phases of cooling and rewarming followed, and the reaction hence came to be known as the 'hunting phenomenon'. He also reported cold-induced vasodilatation in the toes, nose, ear and chin, and obtained one positive response in six tests on the forearms and elbow. The presence or absence of the response in other parts of the body surface has not been investigated. Grant & Bland (1931) concluded that during cold-induced vasodilatation the increased blood flow was passing through arteriovenous anastomoses in the skin. The phenomenon is therefore of interest in that it may indicate the presence of a particular vascular structure. The purpose of the present study was to map out the distribution of the cold-induced vasodilatation response over the body surface. A preliminary report on part of this work has been published (Fox & Wyatt, 1960).
Medical education on fitness to drive: a survey of all UK medical schools

Aim: To identify the extent to which medical aspects of fitness to drive (FTD) are taught within UK medical schools. Methods: A survey of all 32 UK medical schools. In-depth interviews with a range of staff at two medical schools; telephone survey of 30 schools. Results: Two thirds of schools reported specific teaching on medical aspects of FTD but few covered it in any depth or in relation to specific medical conditions. Only one school taught FTD in relation to elderly medicine. FTD was an examination topic at only 12 schools. Conclusion: Teaching on FTD is inconsistent across UK medical schools. Many new doctors will graduate with limited knowledge of medical aspects of FTD.
The collaborative phenotype of secondary B cells is determined by T lymphocytes during in vivo immunization

Previous studies have demonstrated that the B cells in immune and nonimmune mice manifest different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) collaborative phenotypes with antigen-specific T cells. Immune, or secondary B cells require syngeneic-like MHC recognition by collaborating T cells, and in its absence fail to be stimulated. Primary B cells manifest a much less stringent requisite for MHC recognition by T cells, and under conditions in which secondary B cells fail to be stimulated, primary B cells are stimulated to secrete IgM antibody. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the acquisition of the secondary B cells' MHC collaborative phenotype was dependent on the presence of T cells during in vivo immunization. B cell populations from T dependently and T independently immunized conventional BALB/c and athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice were compared in their ability to collaborate with allogeneic T cells. Although antigen alone promotes the differentiation of several secondary B cell characteristics, including an increase in the frequency of antigen- specific B cells and a preference for IgG1 antibody synthesis in vitro, the acquisition of the secondary B cells' MHC collaborative phenotype was dependent on the presence of T cells during in vivo immunization. B cell populations from T dependently and T independently immunized conventional BALB/c and athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice were compared in their ability to collaborate with allogeneic T cells. Although antigen alone promotes the differentiation of several secondary B cell characteristics, including an increase in the frequency of antigen- specific B cells and a preference of IgG1 antibody synthesis in vitro, the acquisition of the secondary B cells' MHC collaborative phenotype was found to be dependent on the presence of T cells during in vivo immunization. Thus, the restriction imposed on T cell-B-cell- collaborative interactions in secondary humoral immune responses appears to be the result of T dependent antigen-driven events.
Ability of Hydrogen Peroxide and Timsen to Eliminate Artificially Inoculated Salmonella from Fertile Broiler Eggs

SUMMARY Varying levels (10 5 to 10 7 /egg) of Salmonella Typhimurium were inoculated onto fertile hatching eggs by immersion. After this, the inoculated eggs were untreated (control), water treated, hydrogen peroxide (1.5%) treated, or Timsen treated (n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as a commercial bactericide-fungicide). Hydrogen peroxide was superior to Timsen as an egg treatment to eliminate artificially inoculated Salmonella from fertile eggs, but one-third of the treated eggs remained Salmonella positive. This study demonstrates how difficult it is to eliminate Salmonella that contaminate fertile hatching eggs. Until a more effective system or process is devised and commercially implemented, Salmonella and other organisms will continue to pass from one generation to the next through the fertile egg.
Retargeting LT codes using XORs at the relay

We consider a network where multiple sources communicate via a single relay to sinks with non-uniform and unequal demands. The LT distributions employed at the sources may be ill-matched to the demands of the sinks connected to the relay. We consider a probabilistic “morphing” of two or more fountain-encoded streams into a single stream better suited for the demand patterns downstream of the relay. The relay observes symbols generated from two distinct fountain codes, and can decide to forward a symbol from one source, or the other source, or the X-OR of the two symbols. We propose a linear programming based design of Generalized LT codes, which with appropriate substitutions is utilized to design the probabilities for the relay. Simulation results show that the designs obtained on the basis of the proposed optimization problem, when compared with multiplexing or simple mixing, reduce the number of symbols that have to be downloaded to guarantee a desired probability of successful decoding.
Comparison of outlier detection methods in biomedical data

In this paper the use of outlier detection methods is discussed. This analysis is an introduction to the use of various methods of outlier detection in medical diagnoses (screening). The authors investigated the usefulness of selected outlier detection methods in the context of detection sensitivity, speed performance analysis and the difficulty of automating the performance analysis by using the test methods for outlier detection.
Sources of Ca2+ for different Ca(2+)‐activated K+ conductances in neurones of the rat superior cervical ganglion.

1. The role of various Ca(2+)‐activated K+ conductances were investigated using intracellular recording and single‐electrode voltage clamp in neurones of superior cervical ganglia isolated in vitro from young adult rats. 2. Following replacement of Ca2+ with Co2+ (2 mM) or the addition of Cd2+ (100 microM), action potential amplitude and half‐width either increased or decreased (in different cells), but both the after‐hyperpolarization (AHP) and the outward tail current following a suprathreshold voltage step were markedly attenuated (by about 75%). 3. Addition of charybdotoxin (60 nM) or nifedipine (10 microM) increased action potential half‐width (by about 25%) but had no significant effect on the AHP or tail current. 4. Addition of apamin (100 nM) or omega‐conotoxin GVIA (100 nM) reduced the AHP and tail current (by about 60%) but did not significantly affect the action potential. A prolonged apamin‐resistant component of the AHP present in 50% of neurones was blocked by ryanodine (20 microM). 5. Omega‐Conotoxin MVIIC (150 nM) and omega agatoxin IVA (200 nM) had no significant effects on the action potential half‐width or the AHP. 6. None of the Ca2+ channel blockers affected the prolonged ryanodine‐sensitive component of the AHP and tail current. 7. We conclude that, in rat sympathetic neurones, Ca2+ entry via L‐type channels selectively activates large conductance Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channels (BK type) contributing to action potential repolarization, whereas Ca2+ entry via N‐type channels selectively activates small conductance Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channels (SK type) contributing to the AHP. Ca2+ entry via R‐type Ca2+ channels prolongs the AHP by activating Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.
Broad-spectrum Four-dimensional Orthogonal Electrophoresis: A Novel Comprehensively Feasible System for Protein Complexomics Investigation*

The major challenge of “protein complexomics” is to separate intact protein complexes or interactional proteins without dissociation or denaturation from complex biological samples and to characterize structural subunits of protein complexes. To address these issues, we developed a novel approach termed “broad-spectrum four-dimensional orthogonal electrophoresis (BS4-DE) system,” which is composed of a nondenaturing part I and denaturing part II. Here we developed a mild acidic-native-PAGE to constitute part I, together with native-thin-layer-IEF and basic-native-PAGE, widening the range of BS4-DE system application for extremely basic proteins with the range of pI from about 8 to 11 (there are obviously 1000 kinds of proteins in this interval), and also speculated on the mechanism of separating. We first proposed ammonium hydroxide-ultrasonic protein extractive strategy as a seamless connection between part I and part II, and also speculated on the extractive mechanism. More than 4000 protein complexes could be theoretically solved by this system. Using this approach, we focus on blood rich in protein complexes which make it challenging to sera/plasma proteome study. Our results indicated that the BS4-DE system could be applied to blood protein complexomics investigation, providing a comprehensively feasible approach for disease proteomics.