Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress and Coping in Parents of Children with Cancer

Summary in Swedish – Sammanfattning Syftet med det foreliggande arbetet var att undersoka symptom pa psykologisk belastning och strate-gier for stresshantering hos foraldrar till barn i aktiv cancerbehandling, och foraldrar vilkas barn hade fullfoljt en framgangsrik cancerbehandling. Undersokningen som gjordes omfattade bland annat sjukdomsrelaterad belastning i forhallande till den tid som forflutit sedan diagnosen stalldes; belast-ning och traumatisk stress under respektive efter barnets cancerbehandling; betydelsen av vissa de-mografiska faktorer och objektiva sjukdomsvariabler; forekomsten av olika strategier for stresshan-tering, och deras relation till niva av stress; samband mellan upplevelsen av socialt stod, att soka stod som stresshantering, och niva av angest. De fyra delarbeten som ingar i avhandlingen bygger pa tvarsnittsstudier. Antalet foraldrar i de olika delarbetena var 265, 413, 395 respektive 184. Foraldrarna hade kontakt med Barncanceravdel-ningen vid Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhus eller Barnmedicinska kliniken vid Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping for barnets pagaende cancerbehandling eller uppfoljningskontroller efter avslutad behand-ling. Tidsrymden sedan diagnosen stalldes varierade fran en vecka till fjorton ar. Bade mammor och pappor ingick i studierna. Fjorton olika aspekter av sjukdomsrelaterad stress och sju typer av stress-hanteringsstrategier kartlades med sjalvskattningsinstrument.
IMMEDIATE PIGMENT DARKENING: VISUAL AND REFLECTANCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ACTION SPECTRUM

Immediate pigment darkening (IPD) occurs in human skin upon exposure to ultraviolet‐A and visible radiation. The spectral changes that occur during IPD were measured with a rapid scanning reflectance spectrophotometer (RS) which employs optical fiber bundles for delivery and detection of light between 400 and 750 nm. The radiation dose dependence and wavelength dependence (334–549 nm irradiation) of IPD were studied by both the classical visual grading method and by spectrophotometric scoring using the RS system. The spectral changes that occur at long wavelengths with IPD mimic the natural absorption spectrum of melanin. Therefore, the IPD was scored in terms of the apparent change in melanin optical density, using the method Kollias and Baqer [Photochem. Photobiol. 43,49–54 (1986)], based on reflectance in the620–720 nm range. The nonlinearity of the visual grading method is demonstrated. The degree of IPD is first‐order with respect to delivered dose and saturates after high doses. The maximum amount of IPD attained at saturation is greater for shorter wavelengths. Extrapolation of the reflectance data suggests the longest wavelength capable of eliciting IPD is about 470 nm.
Classifying Political Orientation on Twitter: It's Not Easy!

Numerous papers have reported great success at inferring the political orientation of Twitter users. This paper has some unfortunate news to deliver: while past work has been sound and often methodologically novel, we have discovered that reported accuracies have been systemically overoptimistic due to the way in which validation datasets have been collected, reporting accuracy levels nearly 30% higher than can be expected in populations of general Twitter users. Using careful and novel data collection and annotation techniques, we collected three different sets of Twitter users, each characterizing a different degree of political engagement on Twitter - from politicians (highly politically vocal) to "normal" users (those who rarely discuss politics). Applying standard techniques for inferring political orientation, we show that methods which previously reported greater than 90% inference accuracy, actually achieve barely 65% accuracy on normal users. We also show that classifiers cannot be used to classify users outside the narrow range of political orientation on which they were trained. While a sobering finding, our results quantify and call attention to overlooked problems in the latent attribute inference literature that, no doubt, extend beyond political orientation inference: the way in which datasets are assembled and the transferability of classifiers.
Coping with Achievement-Related Failure: An Examination of Conversations between Friends

Prior research has identified ways in which parents and teachers contribute to learned helpless responses to failure, but little is known about the role that interactions with peers might play. In this study, the conversations of fourth- through sixth- grade children and their friends were observed after children experienced an achievement-related failure. Changes in children's responses to failure from postfailure to postdiscussion were predicted from the features of these conversations. Children who received frequent help from friends reported fewer maladaptive responses to failure. In contrast, learned helpless responses were predicted when friends engaged in off-task talk, when children discounted their failures, and when children or friends evaluated the task negatively. Sequential analyses were used to better understand these effects and those moderated by gender and relative performance. Using observational methods, this study contributes to our understanding of the processes by which achievement-related beliefs are influenced by peer interactions.
Composite-fermion approach for the fractional quantum Hall effect.

In the standard hierarchical scheme the daughter state at each step results from the fractional quantum Hall effect of the quasiparticles of the parent state. In this paper a new possible approach for understanding the fractional quantum Hall effect is presented. It is proposed that the fractional quantum Hall effect of electrons can be physically understood as a manifestation of the integer quantum Hall effect of composite fermionic objects consisting of electrons bound to an even number of flux quanta.
Adaptogenic effect of Morus alba on chronic footshock-induced stress in rats

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the adaptogenic property of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of methanol extract of Morus alba roots against a rat model of chronic stress (CS). Materials and Methods: Rats were exposed to stress procedure for 21 days. The stress procedure was mild, unpredictable footshock, administered for 1 h once daily for 21 days. Rats were administered with the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanol extract of M. alba roots (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o) 1 h before footshock for 21 days and behavioral parameters were evaluated for cognitive dysfunction and depression using elevated plus maze and despair swim test, respectively. On day 21, rats were sacrificed immediately after stress and blood was collected for biochemical estimation. The adrenal gland and spleen were dissected for organ weight and the stomach was dissected for ulcer score. Results: CS significantly induced cognitive deficit, mental depression and hyperglycemia and increased blood corticosterone levels, gastric ulcerations and adrenal gland weight, but decreased the splenic weight. Pre-treatments with the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanol extract of M. alba roots (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated the CS-induced perturbations. Diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the standard antistress drug. Conclusion: The results indicate that M. alba possesses significant adaptogenic activity, indicating its possible clinical utility as an antistress agent.
eNOS Gene Variant in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Subject & Aim. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is one of the most important candidate genes in CAD. A functional polymorphism within eNOS gene is a 27 bp VNTR on its intron 4 which has been shown to be associated with various diseases. In this study we investigated eNOS VNTR polymorphism in addition to eNOS gene expression profile in patients with CAD. Material and Methods. The study comprised patients with angiographically confirmed CAD (CAD+) and individuals with normal coronary as CAD−. eNOS VNTR polymorphism frequencies were determined in both groups. In addition eNOS gene expression profile was examined using a quantitative real-time PCR. Results. We have found that aa genotype was significantly increasing the risk of CAD in our patients (aa versus ab + bb, P = 0.02, OR = 3.5; 95% CI: = 0.98 to 16.2). The differences in eNOS expression were not significant between patients and normal group; however in CAD+ patients eNOS expression was higher than the expression level of patients carrying other genotypes (P = 0.16). Conclusion. We have observed that eNOS gene polymorphism was associated with CAD in angiography-confirmed patients. However, the difference in eNOS gene expression was not statistically significant between patients and control which might be due to the contribution of other confounding factors which require further investigations.
The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after.

Here, we update our 1990 Annual Review of Neuroscience article, "The Attention System of the Human Brain. " The framework presented in the original article has helped to integrate behavioral, systems, cellular, and molecular approaches to common problems in attention research. Our framework has been both elaborated and expanded in subsequent years. Research on orienting and executive functions has supported the addition of new networks of brain regions. Developmental studies have shown important changes in control systems between infancy and childhood. In some cases, evidence has supported the role of specific genetic variations, often in conjunction with experience, that account for some of the individual differences in the efficiency of attentional networks. The findings have led to increased understanding of aspects of pathology and to some new interventions.
Community-Based Participatory Research, Ethics, and Institutional Review Boards: Untying a Gordian Knot

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) poses ethical challenges that are distinct from biomedical research. These arise from the epistemological differences between traditional biomedical research paradigms and CBPR, as the latter entails ongoing engagement of communities in research from development to dissemination. Biomedical research typically poses research questions and obtains ethics review before engaging with the population or community of interest. While institutional review board (IRB) practices seek to minimize harm in research conducted with human subjects, traditional IRB review can introduce new or exacerbate existing ethical challenges when reviewing non-traditional research protocols. In what follows, we seek to: define CBPR; identify unique ethical obligations in CBPR; pose potential solutions for amending the IRB process to support CBPR; and facilitate a research ethics framework that aims to reduce the exploitive and appropriational tendencies in research by inviting researchers, IRBs, and communities into a collaborative effort aimed at best practices.
Breast Feeding, Parity and Breast Cancer Subtypes in a Spanish Cohort

Background Differences in the incidence and outcome of breast cancer among Hispanic women compared with white women are well documented and are likely explained by ethnic differences in genetic composition, lifestyle, or environmental exposures. Methodolgy/Principal Findings A population-based study was conducted in Galicia, Spain. A total of 510 women diagnosed with operable invasive breast cancer between 1997 and 2010 participated in the study. Data on demographics, breast cancer risk factors, and clinico-pathological characteristics were collected. The different breast cancer tumor subtypes were compared on their clinico-pathological characteristics and risk factor profiles, particularly reproductive variables and breastfeeding. Among the 501 breast cancer patients (with known ER and PR receptors), 85% were ER+/PR+ and 15% were ER-&PR-. Among the 405 breast cancer with known ER, PR and HER2 status, 71% were ER+/PR+/HER2- (luminal A), 14% were ER+/PR+/HER2+ (luminal B), 10% were ER−/PR−/HER2- (triple negative breast cancer, TNBC), and 5% were ER−/PR−/HER2+ (non-luminal). A lifetime breastfeeding period equal to or longer than 7 months was less frequent in case patients with TNBC (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08–0.68) compared to luminal A breast cancers. Both a low (2 or fewer pregnancies) and a high (3–4 pregnancies) number of pregnancies combined with a long breastfeeding period were associated with reduced odds of TNBC compared with luminal A breast cancer, although the association seemed to be slightly more pronounced among women with a low number of pregnancies (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.005–0.54). Conclusions/Significance In case-case analyses with the luminal A cases as the reference group, we observed a lower proportion of TNBC among women who breastfed 7 or more months. The combination of longer breastfeeding duration and lower parity seemed to further reduce the odds of having a TNBC compared to a luminal A breast cancer.
Neurophysiological correlates of object recognition in the dorsal subiculum

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) encompasses a network of interconnected cortical areas that is considered the neural substrate for some types of memory, such as spatial, episodic, recognition, and associative memory. Within the MTL, the subiculum has been well characterized in terms of its connectivity and structure, but its functional role remains elusive. A long-held view is that the subiculum is mainly involved in spatial encoding because it exhibits spatially selective firing and receives prominent projections from the CA1 field, which is an essential substrate for spatial memory. However, the dorsal subiculum (DS) is also reciprocally connected to the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices, which are critically involved in recognition memory. This connectivity pattern suggests that DS might encode not only spatial signals but also recognition signals. Here, we examined this hypothesis by recording with multi-electrodes in DS and CA1 of freely behaving mice, as they performed the novel object recognition (NOR) task. Analysis of network oscillations revealed that theta power was significantly higher in DS when mice explored novel objects as compared to familiar objects and that this theta modulation was absent in CA1. We also found significant differences in coherence between DS and CA1, in the theta and gamma bands, depending on whether mice examined objects or engaged in spatial exploration. Furthermore, single-unit recordings revealed that DS cells did not exhibit phase-locked firing to theta and differed from CA1 place cells in that they had multiple peaks of spatially selective firing. We also detected DS units that were responsive specifically to novel object exploration, indicating that a subset of DS neurons were tuned to novelty during the NOR task. We have thus identified clear neurophysiological correlates for recognition within the DS, at the network and single-unit levels, strongly suggesting that it participates in encoding recognition-related signals.
Do proficiency and study-abroad experience affect speech act production? Analysis of appropriateness, accuracy, and fluency

Abstract This cross-sectional study examined the effect of general proficiency and study-abroad experience in production of speech acts among learners of L2 English. Participants were 25 native speakers of English and 64 Japanese college students of English divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 22) had lower proficiency and no study-abroad experience. Group 2 (n = 20) and Group 3 (n = 22) had higher proficiency than Group 1 but differed in their study-abroad experience. Group 2 had no study-abroad experience, but Group 3 had a minimum of one-year study-abroad experience in an English-speaking country. They completed a pragmatic speaking test (PST) measuring their ability to produce two speech acts: requests and opinions. Speech acts were examined for appropriateness, grammaticality, planning time, and speech rate. Results revealed a significant effect of proficiency on appropriateness, grammaticality and speech rate, but study-abroad experience had no effect on these variables. There was no significant group difference on planning time.
Digital modulation classification based on characteristic features and GentleBoost algorithm

The paper describes algorithm for the classification of digital modulations and its testing with disturbed signals. 2ASK, 2FSK, 4FSK, MSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM were chosen for recognition as the best-known digital modulations used in modern communication technologies. The method designed uses ten features computed from parameters of recognized signal such as instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase, instantaneous frequency and spectrum characteristic. The GentleBoost algorithm was used to analyze the features and classify the modulations. We used multipath fading channel to model signal propagation and disturbed the signal by white Gaussian noise for the purpose of testing the algorithm.
The developing language learner. An introduction to exploratory practice

In Part I of the book – with reference to language education – Allwright and Hanks critically discuss how the areas of assessment, methods, teacher training, learner variables and SLA have developed over recent decades in relation to their five propositions about learners. Overall, they diagnose some, but insufficient, support for their view of learners to dissuade them from their belief in ‘the need for a new look at how research might contribute to our understanding of the learners’ role in classroom language learning’ (104). Part II of the book goes on to explore the most appropriate research model in support of their agenda around the understanding of the learners’ role and their development as learners. Having ruled out what they call a ‘third-party approach’ as unhelpful as well as action research as not going far enough, Allwright and Hanks propose a form of practitioner research they call ‘exploratory practice’; this they see based on the following seven principles of an ethical and epistemological nature (149–155):
Expression profile of telomere-associated genes in multiple myeloma

To further contribute to the understanding of multiple myeloma, we have focused our research interests on the mechanisms by which tumour plasma cells have a higher survival rate than normal plasma cells. In this article, we study the expression profile of genes involved in the regulation and protection of telomere length, telomerase activity and apoptosis in samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering multiple myeloma, multiple myeloma (MM) and plasma cell leukaemia (PCL), as well as several human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). Using conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, we identified a high number of telomeric associations (TAs). Moreover, telomere length measurements by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay showed a shorter mean TRF peak value, with a consistent correlation with the number of TAs. Using gene expression arrays and quantitative PCR we identified the hTERT gene together with 16 other genes directly involved in telomere length maintenance: HSPA9, KRAS, RB1, members of the Small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins family, A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and 14‐3‐3 family. The expression levels of these genes were even higher than those in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have unlimited proliferation capacity. In conclusion, the gene signature suggests that MM tumour cells are able to maintain stable short telomere lengths without exceeding the short critical length, allowing cell divisions to continue. We propose that this could be a mechanism contributing to MM tumour cells expansion in the bone marrow (BM).
[Exercise-induced left bundle-branch block in patients with coronary artery disease versus patients with normal coronary arteries].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Exercise-induced left bundle-branch block does not always denote the presence of underlying coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and evolution of patients with rate-dependent left bundle-branch block. PATIENTS AND METHOD 9,318 consecutive exercise stress studies were reviewed. The clinical characteristics and evolution (mean follow-up: 6.9 years) of 20 patients with exercise-induced left bundle-branch block in which coronary angiography had been performed were analyzed. RESULTS Eight out of 20 patients had normal coronary arteries (group A) and 12 had coronary artery disease (group B). Peak O2 consumption, peak myocardial O2 consumption, and heart rate when block appeared (132 20 vs. 95.4 23 beats/min; p = 0.002) were significantly higher in group A. Seven of the 8 patients with normal coronary arteries had chest pain coinciding with the first beat of left bundle-branch block. There were no deaths during follow-up in group A, but permanent left bundle-branch block appeared in 5 patients of this group who experienced disappearance of exercise-related pain. There were 3 deaths in group B and 2 patients had acute myocardial infarction during follow-up. One patient in each group developed atrioventricular block and required pacemaker implantation. CONCLUSIONS In contrast with patients with left bundle-branch block and coronary artery disease, the prognosis of patients with painful left bundle-branch block and normal coronary arteries is good. However, the development of permanent left bundle-branch block is frequent. Atrioventricular block, although rare, may occur.
Determinants of cyberloafing: a comparative study of a public and private sector organization

Purpose Cyberloafing is the personal use of internet while at work. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting cyberloafing between public and private sector organizations. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the multiple motivational factors with the help of a theoretical paradigm, renowned as theory of interpersonal behavior (TIB). Data were collected through questionnaire to investigate the different behavioral factors between the public and private sector organizations. PLS path modeling and PLS-MGA are used to access the results on SMARTPLS 2.0 software. Findings Results show that the three factors of habit, intention, and social influences taken from the TIB model are important and have a higher path coefficient in a public sector organization setting. The factors of affect, facilitating condition and perceived consequences from TIB are greater in a private sector organization and have a higher path coefficient. By contrast, in multiple group analysis, results show that some factors are more predictive of cyberloafing behavior in a public sector organization, whereas other factors are more predictive for a private sector organization. Practical implications The findings of the current research are beneficial for both organizations and contribute toward policy-making decisions. These results help the managers of public and private sector organizations to decide how to control cyberloafing behavior by focusing on the important factors that lead to it. Originality/value This study shows strong and significant differences between the two types of organizations in terms of path coefficient. This implies that cyberloafing factors have different impacts on different organizations. The study fills an important gap in comparing public and private sector organizations with respect to cyberloafing behavior and clarifying which factors are more effective in predicting cyberloafing behavior according to type of organization. The paper is of great value for both kinds of organizations that face cyberloafing behavior issues.