Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies role in the emotion regulation: an overview on their modulatory effects and neural correlates

Individuals regulate their emotions in a wide variety of ways. In the present review it has been addressed the issue of whether some forms of emotion regulation are healthier than others by focusing on two commonly used emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal (changing the way one thinks about potentially emotion-eliciting events) and expressive suppression (changing the way one behaviorally responds to emotion-eliciting events). In the first section, experimental findings showing that cognitive reappraisal has a healthier profile of short-term affective, cognitive, and social consequences than expressive suppression are briefly reported. In the second section, individual-difference findings are reviewed showing that using cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions is associated with healthier patterns of affect, social functioning, and well-being than is using expressive suppression. Finally, brain structural basis and functional activation linked to the habitual usage of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are discussed in detail.
Family Communication in the Crisis of a Child's Fatal Illness: A Literature Review and Analysis

When faced with the tragedy of losing a child to a terminal illness, communication is a crucial factor in alleviating stresses and anxieties experienced by the child and his family. Two opposing modes of communication have been advocated-the protective approach in which the ill child is shielded from knowledge of the disease diagnosis and prognosis-and the open approach, which encourages provision of an environment in which the child feels free to express concerns and ask questions about his condition. This paper is devoted to an examination of family communication about the crisis of the dying child from these two perspectives. The rationale for the protective and open approaches is discussed in terms of the sources of the child's anxiety, his conception of death, and his observed behavioral response to the illness.
Predicting High School Graduation and College Enrollment: Comparing Early Warning Indicator Data and Teacher Intuition

Each year, more districts implement early warning systems (EWS). These EWS predict negative student outcomes, such as dropping out, before they occur. Predictions are then used to match at-risk students to appropriate supports and interventions. Research suggests that these systems are useful in ensuring educators respond to student needs early, generating conversation around specific students at risk of dropping out. However, no research considers what new information teachers gain from having a specific prediction for a student. This article bridges this gap by comparing teacher and EWS predictions of whether students will complete high school and enroll in college. Further, it assesses whether accuracy in teacher judgment stems from additional information not in models—especially related to academic tenacity—and biases like self-fulfilling prophecies. Generally, EWS can provide benefits both as organizational tools and by increasing the precision with which students are identified for supports and interventions.
Parent Involvement in Education: Toward an Understanding of Parents' Decision Making

Parent involvement (PI) in education is associated with positive outcomes for students; however, little is known about how parents decide to be involved in children's education. On the basis of the K. V. Hoover-Dempsey and H. M. Sandler (1995, 1997) model of parent decision making, the authors examined the relationship among 4 parent variables (role construction, sense of efficacy, resources, and perceptions of teacher invitations) with PI activities at home and school. The authors surveyed parents of elementary students from an urban district. Specific invitations from teachers had the largest effect on the 3 types of parent involvement. Parents' sense of efficacy and level of resources were less influential than anticipated. The authors discuss implications of the findings for teacher and school practices, policy development, and future research.
The Relationship Between Authoritarianism and Life Satisfaction Changes Depending on Stigmatized Status

Members of stigmatized social groups are typically more authoritarian than their nonstigmatized or higher status counterparts. We draw on research demonstrating that authoritarianism compensates for the negative effects of stigma to predict that this endorsement will be more psychologically beneficial (and less harmful) for the stigmatized compared to their high-status counterparts. Consistent with this idea, data from the 2008 (N = 2,322) and 2012 (N = 5,916) American National Election Study indicate that for members of stigmatized social groups (low income, low education, and ethnic minority), authoritarian child rearing values have more positive psychological effects than for members of high-status groups. These results were robust to covariates, including demographics, religiosity, political ideology, and cognitive style.
Tackling chronic absence starting in the early grades: What cities can do to ensure every child has a fighting chance to succeed

In Baltimore, the mayor’s office, school officials, community partners, and philanthropic leaders worked together on a key educational strategy: improving school attendance. In New York, the mayor catalyzed a comprehensive citywide response by establishing an interagency task force to develop a comprehensive set of strategies to reduce absenteeism, analyzing data, launching interventions in an initial pilot round of twenty-five schools and tapping community resources, celebrities, mentors, and businesses to encourage students, as early as kindergarten, to go to school more regularly. And in Oakland, California, city leaders, educators, and foundations are using a detailed analysis of attendance patterns to begin building a citywide approach to reducing chronic absenteeism.
Postnatal development of sympathetic and sensory innervation of the rhesus monkey ovary.

We have used immunofluorescence to study the postnatal development of the sympathetic and sensory innervation to the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) ovary. Sympathetic nerves were identified as adrenergic by their content of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactivity and as peptidergic by the presence of neuropeptide Y (NPY). Fibers containing substance P (SP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity were considered as sensory, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive fibers were only defined as peptidergic because VIP may be present in both sympathetic and sensory nerves. Ovaries from neonatal (2-mo-old), juvenile (9-18-mo-old), peripubertal (3-3.5-yr-old), adult (9-14-yr-old), and senescent (20-27-yr-old) monkeys were studied. At all ages, with the exception of senescence, TH-, NPY-, and VIP-containing fibers were associated with follicles in different developmental stages. In peripubertal and adult animals, some primordial follicles were found to be selectively innervated by VIPergic fibers that almost completely encircled each follicle. Both sympathetic and VIP fibers were also detected in the interstitial tissue and associated with the ovarian vasculature at all ages. The number of sympathetic and VIP fibers increased significantly (p < 0.01) between 2 mo and 9-18 mo of age, and again increased (p < 0.01) around the age of puberty (approximately 3 yr of age). After this time, the number of NPY and TH fibers remained constant. Conversely, the number of VIP fibers decreased (p < 0.05) by 9-14 yr of age, but remained constant thereafter. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Limitations of temporal resolution in functional MRI

In fMRI, images can be collected in a very short time; therefore, high temporal resolution is possible in principle. However, the temporal resolution is limited by a blurred intrinsic hemodynamic response and a finite signal‐to‐noise ratio. To determine the upper limit of temporal resolution in a single area during repeated tasks, motor cortex activity was investigated during visually instructed finger movements. Without averaging, a sequence of four single‐finger movements with an execution time of approximately 2 s can be resolved when the delay time between consecutive sequences is at least 3 s. The hemodynamic response time is constant for each subject, but not among different subjects. The temporal resolution can be better when the signal from spatially distinct regions is examined. For a series of experiments involving a visually instructed delayed cued finger movement task with a well‐defined, independently determined, variable delay time, time courses in the motor area are distinct from each other in two experiments if the difference in delay time is as little as 2 s. The activation in the visual area due to the presentation of the task serves here as an internal time reference. By comparing a set of fMRI time courses in multiple distinct areas, serial neural processing may be investigated.
Characterization of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from Patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile is the bacterium most commonly surmised to cause antimicrobial- and hospital-associated diarrhea in developed countries worldwide, and such infections are thought to be increasing in frequency and severity. A laboratory-based study was carried out to characterize C. difficile strains isolated from persons in Ontario, Canada, during 2004 to 2006 according to toxin type (enterotoxin A, cytotoxin B, and binary toxin [CDT]), tcdC gene characterization, ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and toxinotyping. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 1,080/1,152 (94%) samples from 21 diagnostic laboratories. Isolates with toxin profiles A+ B+ CDT−, A+ B+ CDT+, A− B+ CDT−, and A− B+ CDT+ accounted for 63%, 34%, 2.4%, and 0.6% of isolates, respectively. Alterations in tcdC were detected in six different ribotypes, including ribotype 027. A total of 39 different ribotypes were identified, with ribotype 027/North American pulsotype 1 (NAP1), an internationally recognized outbreak strain associated with severe disease, being the second most common ribotype (19% of isolates). Transient resistance to metronidazole was identified in 19 (1.8%) isolates. While a large number of ribotypes were found, a few predominated across the province. The high prevalence and wide distribution of ribotype 027/NAP1 are disconcerting in view of the severity of disease associated with it.
Slack Resources and the Rent-Generating Potential of Firm-Specific Knowledge

We examine how two types of slack resources relevant to knowledge employees—human resource slack and financial slack at the R&D functional level—influence the rent-generating potential of firm-specific knowledge resources. According to the resource- and knowledge-based views of the firm, firm-specific knowledge resources are critical for generating economic rents for a firm. However, without motivated knowledge employees investing in the corresponding specialized human capital in the process of absorbing and deploying firm-specific knowledge resources, the resource potential for rent generation would be greatly discounted. We argue that human resource slack among knowledge employees and financial slack available for R&D activities affect the rent-generating potential of firm-specific knowledge resources by influencing knowledge employees’ incentives to invest in specialized human capital. In particular, while financial slack facilitates rent generation of firm-specific knowledge resources by increasing employee incentives to invest in specialized human capital, human resource slack hinders it by reducing such incentives. Empirical results based on longitudinal R&D employment data, U.S. patent data, and Compustat support these arguments.
Reviewing Research Evidence in Environmental Education: Some methodological reflections and challenges

This paper reflects upon the experience of undertaking a review of research on learners and learning in environmental education (Rickinson, 2001). Against the backdrop of calls for evidence-based and evidence-informed practice in education, the paper explores some of the challenges involved in reviewing, synthesising and communicating research evidence. Consideration is given to three processes that proved problematic during the 'Learners and Learning' review: critiquing research evidence; synthesising research findings; and suggesting implications for research users. For each of these, the strategy adopted during the review is critically appraised, and from this implications are suggested for future reviews of environmental education research. The paper concludes by arguing that there is a need not only for a greater number and variety of research reviews in environmental education, but also for these to have much stronger connections to the field's tradition of methodological discourse and debate.
The predictive validity of a single leg bridge test for hamstring injuries in Australian Rules Football Players

Background Hamstring muscle strain injuries (HMSI) are the greatest injury problem in kicking sports such as Australian Rules Football. Reduced hamstring muscle strength is commonly perceived to be a risk factor for hamstring injury; however, evidence is inconclusive. Testing hamstring strength with the hip and knee at functional angles and assessing endurance parameters may be more relevant for examining the risk of hamstring injury. Objective The primary aim of this prospective study was to examine if reduced hamstring muscle strength assessed with the single leg hamstring bridge (SLHB) was a risk factor for hamstring injury. Methods Hamstring muscle strength of 482 amateur and semielite players from 16 football clubs, mean age 20.7 (range 16–34 years), was tested during the 2011 preseason. Players were then monitored throughout the 2011 playing season for HMSI. Results A total of 28 hamstring injuries, 16 right and 12 left, were recorded. Players who sustained a right HMSI during the season had a significantly lower mean right SLHB score (p=0.029), were older (p=0.002) and were more likely to have sustained a past right hamstring injury (p=0.02) or right knee injury (p=0.035). For left-sided hamstring injury, the injured group was more likely to be left leg dominant (p=0.001), older athletes (p=0.002) and there was a trend towards a history of left hamstring injury (p=0.07). Conclusions This study demonstrated a significant deficit in preseason SLHB scores on the right leg of players that subsequently sustained a right-sided hamstring injury. Age, previous knee injury and a history of hamstring injury were other risk factors supported in this study. Low hamstring strength appears to be a risk factor for hamstring injury; however, due to the confounding variables and low injury rate in this study, further studies are required.
Is multiple object tracking carried out automatically by an early vision mechanism independent of higher‐order cognition? An individual difference approach

Existing theories of multiple object tracking (MOT) offer different predictions concerning the role of higher level cognitive processes, individual differences, effortful attention and parallel processing in MOT. Pylyshyn's model (1989) argues for an automatic parallel processing mechanism separate from other cognition, whereas alternative models (e.g., Kahneman & Treisman, 1984 or spotlight models) are based on higher level cognition such as spatial short‐term memory and/or effortful attention switching. These predictions were examined in Experiment 1 where identical objects and in Experiment 2 where visually and semantically distinct objects were tracked. Both experiments demonstrated a substantial individual variation in the estimated tracking capacity. Tasks measuring visuospatial short‐term memory and attention switching proved to be significant predictors of MOT. In addition, tracking performance deteriorated as a function of tracking time and set size. Our results are in contrast to Pylyshyn's model. A mechanism with both parallel and serial processing and temporary spatial memory is outlined to accommodate the observed pattern of results.
SOCIAL FACTS AND SOCIAL ATTRIBUTIONS - THE EXPLANATION OF INTERGROUP DIFFERENCES IN HONG-KONG

Many critics of contemporary work in attribution have called for a more “social” approach. In response to this concern, the present study addressed the neglected question of how realistic differences between groups are explained. A total of 56 members of two Hong Kong universities were asked to explain eight accepted facts distinguishing the two groups to an experimenter and a future audience from one or the other group. Four of the eight facts favored each of the universities. Results showed students of both universities making group-serving attributions, this bias being more marked on the explanations made by the lower-status group. The favorability of the facts to one's own group and the group identity of the experimenter/audience had no impact on the attributions made. These results are discussed in terms of Tajfel's (1978) social identity theory, providing support for its applicability in a collectivist culture emphasizing harmony. Peonies, though pretty, need green leaves as a backdrop. —From The Dre.
A Planning Cycle for Integrating Digital Technology into Literacy Instruction.

With the adoption of the Common Core State Standards by most states, the use of digital tools in literacy and language arts instruction has become of critical importance to educators. These changes produce a need for a better understanding of how literacy and language arts teachers can successfully integrate digital tools into their instruction and the types of knowledge they employ as they do so. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present the Technology Integration Planning Cycle for Literacy and Language Arts to support teachers with integrating digital technology into literacy instruction. This instructional planning cycle identifies seven critical elements that influence literacy teachers' instructional planning involving digital technology and the success or failure of the resulting classroom instruction. A classroom example is provided to illustrate the instructional planning process.
Effectiveness of a personalized device in the evaluation of mandibular second molar periodontal healing after surgical extraction of adjacent third molar.

AIM The primary aim of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of a personalized device able to guide periodontal probing in evaluation of second molar periodontal healing after adjacent third molar surgical extraction. Secondarily, the study analyzed if any patient and tooth related factors affected the second molar periodontal healing as well as if they were able to affect the periodontal probing depth performed with or without the personalized device. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five lower second molars were evaluated after extraction of the adjacent third molar. Pre-operative as well as 3 and 12 month post-operative probing depths of the distal surface of the second molar were evaluated. All measurements were taken by two different methods: standard two-point and four-point probing using a personalized onlay-type guide. Periapical radiographs were also evaluated. The Pearson product moment and the general linear model with backward stepwise procedure were used for inferential statistics. RESULTS The mean 12-month post-operative probing depth/mean pre-operative probing depth ratio obtained with the guided probing method showed a highly significant effect on the 12-month radiographic post-operative/pre-operative radiographic measure ratio. None of the examined patient- or tooth-related factors showed a significant effect on pre-operative/12-month post-operative radiographic measure ratio. CONCLUSIONS The use of the proposed personalized device seems to provide a more reliable estimate of second molar periodontal healing after adjacent third molar surgical extraction. No patient-or tooth-related factors seem to be able to affect either second molar periodontal healing or probing depth measures obtained with or without the personalized device in individuals younger than 25 years old. It can be therefore recommended that lower third molar surgical extraction be performed in young adults.
Mental health values and preference for mental health resources of Japanese-American and Caucasian-American students.

Etude de la sous utilisation des services de sante mentale par les americains d'origine asiatique. Les auteurs analysent dans le but des attitudes envers la sante mentale et les preferences d'assistance en cas de probleme personnel serieux de 91 etudiants americains d'origine caucasienne et de 90 etudiants americains d'origine japonaise
Characterizing the Altered Cellular Proteome Induced by the Stress-Independent Activation of Heat Shock Factor 1

The heat shock response is an evolutionarily conserved, stress-responsive signaling pathway that adapts cellular proteostasis in response to pathologic insult. In metazoans, the heat shock response primarily functions through the posttranslational activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a stress-responsive transcription factor that induces the expression of cytosolic proteostasis factors including chaperones, cochaperones, and folding enzymes. HSF1 is a potentially attractive therapeutic target to ameliorate pathologic imbalances in cellular proteostasis associated with human disease, although the underlying impact of stress-independent HSF1 activation on cellular proteome composition remains to be defined. Here, we employ a highly controllable, ligand-regulated HSF1 that activates HSF1 to levels compatible with those that could be achieved using selective small molecule HSF1 activators. Using a combination of RNAseq and quantitative proteomics, we define the impact of stress-independent HSF1 activation on the composition of the cellular proteome. We show that stress-independent HSF1 activation selectively remodels cytosolic proteostasis pathways without globally influencing the composition of the cellular proteome. Furthermore, we show that stress-independent HSF1 activation decreases intracellular aggregation of a model polyglutamine-containing protein and reduces the cellular toxicity of environmental toxins like arsenite that disrupt cytosolic proteostasis. Collectively, our results reveal a proteome-level view of stress-independent HSF1 activation, providing a framework to establish therapeutic approaches to correct pathologic imbalances in cellular proteostasis through the selective targeting of HSF1.
Intention, act, and outcome in behavioral prediction and moral judgment

72 children at 3, 4, and 5 years of age and 24 undergraduates were required to use information about intention under a normal causal system or a noncanonical one (e.g., hitting causes pleasure) to predict an agent's behavior. Additionally, they were asked to integrate intentions, acts, and outcomes to judge an act's acceptability and assign punishment. 3-year-olds performed poorly on behavioral prediction in the noncanonical condition. Most participants at all ages made categorical judgments of act acceptability based solely on outcome, although quantitative ratings reflected an age-related increase in sensitivity to intention information. When assigning punishment, many 3-year-olds used a simple intention or outcome rule, whereas older participants were more likely to use a conjunction rule (if outcome is negative and intention is negative then punish). Together, the results reveal both an early understanding of harm and changes in the complexity of the rules that children use to predict behavior and integrate information.