Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of argumentation on pre-service science teachers' conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium

This study examines the impact of argumentation on pre-service science teachers' (PST) conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium. The sample consisted of 57 first-year PSTs enrolled in a teacher education program in Turkey. Thirty two of the 57 PSTs who participated in this study were in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The experimental group students learned the concept of chemical equilibrium through argumentation; the control group students learned the same concepts through business as usual (i.e. lectures, supported by laboratory experiments). The intervention lasted for 12 instructional hours, of which 4 were spent in the laboratory. The chemical equilibrium concept test was administered to both groups of students one week after the intervention. The results show that the experimental group students performed significantly better than then control group students on the chemical equilibrium concept test. The mean difference between two groups is 14.026. This difference is statistically significant at (*p < 0.001). However, the control group students performed significantly better on the comprehensive course final exam.
Inducing terminologies from text: A case study for the consumer health domain

Specialized medical ontologies and terminologies, such as SNOMED CT and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), have been successfully leveraged in medical information systems to provide a standard web-accessible medium for interoperability, access, and reuse. However, these clinically oriented terminologies and ontologies cannot provide sufficient support when integrated into consumer-oriented applications, because these applications must “understand” both technical and lay vocabulary. The latter is not part of these specialized terminologies and ontologies. In this article, we propose a two-step approach for building consumer health terminologies from text: 1) automatic extraction of definitions from consumer-oriented articles and web documents, which reflects language in use, rather than relying solely on dictionaries, and 2) learning to map definitions expressed in natural language to terminological knowledge by inducing a syntactic-semantic grammar rather than using hand-written patterns or grammars. We present quantitative and qualitative evaluations of our two-step approach, which show that our framework could be used to induce consumer health terminologies from text.
An Economic Ethics for the Anthropocene

Over Antipode's 40 years our role as academics has dramatically changed. We have been pushed to adopt the stance of experimental researchers open to what can be learned from current events and to recognize our role in bringing new realities into being. Faced with the daunting prospect of global warming and the apparent stalemate in the formal political sphere, this essay explores how human beings are transformed by, and transformative of, the world in which we find ourselves. We place the hybrid research collective at the center of transformative change. Drawing on the sociology of science we frame research as a process of learning involving a collective of human and more-than-human actants—a process of co- transformation that re/constitutes the world. From this vision of how things change, the essay begins to develop an "economic ethics for the Anthropocene", documenting ethical practices of economy that involve the being-in-common of humans and the more-than-human world. We hope to stimulate academic interest in expanding and multiplying hybrid research collectives that participate in changing worlds.
Counterfeit Social Capital and Mexican-American Underachievement

A critical issue facing U.S. schools and one with broad social implication is the persistent disparity in educational achievement between racial/ethnic groups. The achievement gap may be particularly pronounced for Mexican-Americans who constitute the vast majority of U.S. Latinos and are among the most educationally at risk of all Latino subgroups. By employing mixed-methods research techniques, this study shows that social network instability accompanying high mobility rates may contribute to Mexican-American underachievement. Moreover, this investigation challenges wholly beneficial and ecumenical notions of social capital. Mexican-origin youth in possession of what on the surface appears to be a valued form of social currency may actually be the unwitting recipients of a form of counterfeit social capital that impinges on their school success. Efforts to reduce unnecessary and reactive student mobility and increase the stock of beneficial forms of social capital (while rooting out its impostors) may deserve policy consideration.
Examining trust as key drivers in smart disclosure for sustainable consumption: the case of I-choose

Smart disclosure constitutes a form of open data policy that has the objective of promoting more sustainable economies and innovation by providing consumers with information to help them make better purchasing decisions. Trust in the information regarding product and certification is crucial for the adoption and usage of smart disclosure tools that make use of such information. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of trust in sustainable product information through a survey administered in Mexico and the United States. Our results suggest that brands and certificates reputation are important components to develop trust. Our results also suggest that additional information to verify label does not emerge as significant predictor to induce trust. We argue that to be useful, such information should be aggregated and presented to consumers in a simple way right at their fingertips. Finally, we found that support from government agencies and endorsement from non-for-profit organizations significantly influence consumer's trusting beliefs on sustainable practices information.
School-Based Consultation: Training Challenges, Solutions and Building Cultural Competence

ABSTRACT This is a consensual qualitative research study of the perceptions of university faculty about methods and tools to teach students the professional competency area of school-based psychological consultation, with special attention to cultural competence. The participants (n = 7) included faculty of school psychology programs located in the Northeast, South, Midwest, and Mountain regions of the United States. Participants were from programs serving urban, suburban, and rural settings and represented a wide range of consultation backgrounds, experiences, and theoretical orientation. The analysis revealed three major themes: general coverage of the consultation skills and content, university tension with school setting needs, and specific hurdles and solutions to diversity training. This study also provided ideas on how trainers might overcome some of the barriers to addressing diversity.
Using Named Entities for Computer‐Automated Verbal Deception Detection

There is an increasing demand for automated verbal deception detection systems. We propose named entity recognition (NER; i.e., the automatic identification and extraction of information from text) to model three established theoretical principles: (i) truth tellers provide accounts that are richer in detail, (ii) contain more contextual references (specific persons, locations, and times), and (iii) deceivers tend to withhold potentially checkable information. We test whether NER captures these theoretical concepts and can automatically identify truthful versus deceptive hotel reviews. We extracted the proportion of named entities with two NER tools (spaCy and Stanford's NER) and compared the discriminative ability to a lexicon word count approach (LIWC) and a measure of sentence specificity (speciteller). Named entities discriminated truthful from deceptive hotel reviews above chance level, and outperformed the lexicon approach and sentence specificity. This investigation suggests that named entities may be a useful addition to existing automated verbal deception detection approaches.
Age Differences in the Motivating Factors for Exercise

Different people exercise for different reasons. Older persons may have different priorities than younger ones and thus are motivated to exercise by different factors. Given the changing demographics with an increasing proportion of older adults in the general population, it is important that we do not overlook this cohort when designing health promotion and illness prevention programs. Motivating factors for physical activity were recorded by participants (N = 916) in the Northern Ireland Health and Activity Survey (1994) using an extensive computerized interview. In 10 of the 13 motivating factors for exercise studied, there were significant differences between age groups on the importance of personal goals and the perceived efficacy of exercise in achieving these goals. This has implications for exercise promotion programs.
Enduring Conflict in Parental Separation: Pathways of Impact on Child Development

There are established research truths about parental conflict and its impact on children which are increasingly respected in practice: divorce does not have to be harmful; parental conflict is a more potent predictor of child adjustment than is divorce; conflict resolution is important to children’s coping with divorce. This synopsis of recent research moves beyond these truths, to a review of emerging “news” from the literature, with a focus on known impacts of entrenched parental conflict on children’s development and capacity to adjust to separation. The findings are illustrated by the case of two siblings, Jack and Rachel1, seen in short-term therapy by the author, in the period following their parents’ highly conflictive separation. From a practitioner’s chair, the news is more than noteworthy. It provides compelling arguments for a move beyond truisms about parental conflict and children’s adjustment, beyond wishful myths of resilience, to look at the process of impact on development, within the context of parental dispute and family restructure. 1. Jack and Rachael are pseudonyms
Asymmetry in action: Sequential resources in the negotiation of a prescription request

Abstract This article deals with one form of interactional asymmetry in doctor–patient consultations, that of initiative: Doctors primarily initiate actions and solicit responses, whereas patients primarily respond to doctors' initiatives. This article argues that the variable of initiative actually contains two dimensions: speaker initiative and utterance constraint. It then reviews and critically evaluates prior accounts for these asymmetries. These accounts are almost exclusively ‘professional’ in nature, relying upon features of the social organization of the profession of medicine, medical contexts, or institutionalized medical activities. This article argues that asymmetries of initiative can and should initially be accounted for in terms of the everyday social organization of action. The primary organizing sequential structure for action is the adjacency-pair sequence, which embodies an intersubjective set of normative standards for producing and understanding behavior. This article supports a ‘mundane’ account of asymmetry with a conversation analytic, single-case analysis of a patient request for a renewal of a prescription.
Use of contraceptive services in Britain: findings from the second National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal–2)

Objective To describe contraceptive service use and identify demographic and sexual behavioural characteristics associated with use (and non-use) of different services. Methods Probability survey sample of men and women aged 16–44 years, resident in Britain. Participants comprised 3369 men and 4375 women reporting vaginal intercourse in the last year (excluding those reporting exclusive use of sterilisation or medical investigations for infertility). Main outcome measures were use of contraceptive services, grouped as: general practice, community contraceptive clinics, retail services and nonuse of services. Results General practice was the most commonly reported source of contraceptive supplies for women (59.2%), while retail services were most frequently reported by men (42.7%). 16.3% of women and 7.3% of men reported using more than one type of service. 20.7% of women and 45.1% of men had used no service in the last year, and amongst 16–17-year-olds the proportions reporting non-use of services was 13.8% and 31.2%, respectively. Use of community contraceptive clinics was associated with being younger, childless, single and reporting more heterosexual partners in the last year. Conclusions There was relatively little 'shopping around' between different services, suggesting that choice of contraceptive providers ensures a range of needs is met for most people. While general practice is the most commonly used source of supplies, community contraceptive clinics are seeing those potentially at higher sexual health risk, particularly the young and those with multiple partners. Ways of improving young people's access to services for contraceptive supplies need to be addressed.
The 3DPT dimensions S, E, and N: A critical evaluation of Eysenck's Psychoticism model

In this article a critical evaluation is given of Eysenck's Psychoticism model. It is argued that in this model two sub-models can be distinguished, which, contrary to Eysenck's presentation, cannot be regarded as true extensions of each other. With respect to one of these models, the ‚genotypic’ P-model, the theory is criticized in that both schizophrenia and affective psychosis are determined by a common genetic predisposition which can phenotypically manifest itself in variations of P. Instead of this theory, the likelihood is put forward that a high EPQ-P score, albeit in combination with a high N and a low E score (and notwithstanding the fact that criminals or psychopaths can also obtain high P scores), is (only) related to the schizoid state, and hence, that P seems to be relevant either as a predisposing factor contributing to the development of schizophrenic psychosis, or as a factor on which biological relatives of schizophrenics obtain higher scores on average than normals do. In this respect, Eysenck's theory that the non-schizoid form of psychopathy can also be found among first-degree relatives of schizophrenics, and hence, that psychopathy and schizoidia are genetically related, is also criticized. Furthermore, it is argued that Eysenck's EPQ-P scale is not optimal for measuring those traits of the schizoid personality which are independent of N and/or E. Both arguments regarding the contents of this scale and arguments with respect to the demonstrated lack of invariance of the EPQ-P factor are adduced to support this statement. Thus, an alternative scale for measuring ‚P’ (labelled S or Insensitivity) was designed by us. The S-scale is based on literature concerning the schizoid state and reflects the results of a series of principal components analyses of (potential) S items, together with N and E items, put into execution with the intention of investigating the invariance of the S factor (and of E and N) with respect to six sample and other parameters. These investigations were carried out on a large, representative sample of the Dutch population. Additional investigations were carried out concerning the reliability and validity of the three newly formed scales. The results of these investigations turned out to be very satisfactory or, in some respects, at least promising. Finally, in this article, comments are made on the nature of the S factor, comparing this dimension with both Eysenck's P factor and the dimensions Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, as proposed, for instance, in McCrae and Costa's version of Nor-man's 5-factor model. As against P, the S or Insensitivity factor seems to be only (negatively) related to Agreeableness and not to Conscientiousness. It is also argued that this finding seems to be in accord with the supposed schizoid nature of S and the criticisms levelled at Eysenck's EPQ-P scale.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Desirable and Undesirable Forms of Self-Consistency and Influence on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety

This study investigated how cross-cultural differences in desirable and undesirable forms of self-consistency influence symptoms of anxiety and depression. British (n = 172) and East Asian (n = 122) participants completed measures of self-consistency (situation-specific self-description task) and depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25). British participants had significantly higher overall self-consistency when compared with East Asian participants. British participants also scored significantly higher than East Asian participants in relation to consistently endorsing desirable self-characteristics. In contrast, East Asian participants scored significantly higher in terms of consistently endorsing undesirable self-characteristics than British participants. Finally, in both cultural groups, consistently denying undesirable characteristics was significantly associated with fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, while consistently endorsing undesirable characteristics was significantly associated with greater symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of self-concept content as well as structure when exploring relationships between self-concept and psychological adjustment.
The vector sum model of pigeon landmark use.

Two experiments further tested a model of how pigeons use landmarks to find a location. The vector sum model (Cheng, 1988) predicts that when a landmark is shifted in one direction from its usual position, the bird's peak place of search may shift in that direction, but not in the orthogonal direction
Journal Fü R Die Reine Und Angewandte Mathematik Analytic Solutions for a Stefan Problem with Gibbs-thomson Correction

We provide existence of a unique smooth solution for a class of one-and two-phase Stefan problems with Gibbs-Thomson correction in arbitrary space dimensions. In addition, it is shown that the moving interface depends analytically on the temporal and spatial variables. Of crucial importance for the analysis is the property of maximal L p-regularity for the linearized problem, which is fully developed in this paper as well.
When's your birthday? The self-reference effect in retrieval of dates

SUMMARY Material encoded with reference to the self is better remembered. One interpretation of this effect is that the self operates to organise retrieval of memories. We were motivated to find out whether this organisational principle extended to everyday information and for material not explicitly related to the self. Participants generated friends’ birthdays from memory and then gave their own birthday. We found that participants were particularly likely to recall birthdays from on or around the date of their own birthday. Thus, memory for birthdays clusters around self-relevant information, even when there is no specific attempt to recall self-related material. Birthdays clustered somewhat around the time of testing, important dates in the calendar, and for a close other, but not to the extent of the participants’ birthdays. We suggest this is a demonstration of the organisational structure of the self in memory. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core Protein of Pestiviruses Is Processed at the C Terminus by Signal Peptide Peptidase

ABSTRACT The core protein of pestiviruses is released from the polyprotein by viral and cellular proteinases. Here we report on an additional intramembrane proteolytic step that generates the C terminus of the core protein. C-terminal processing of the core protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was blocked by the inhibitor (Z-LL)2-ketone, which is specific for signal peptide peptidase (SPP). The same effect was obtained by overexpression of the dominant-negative SPP D265A mutant. The presence of (Z-LL)2-ketone reduced the viability of CSFV almost 100-fold in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction of virus viability was also observed in infection experiments using a cell line that inducibly expressed SPP D265A. The position of SPP cleavage was determined by C-terminal sequencing of core protein purified from virions. The C terminus of CSFV core protein is alanine255 and is located in the hydrophobic center of the signal peptide. The intramembrane generation of the C terminus of the CSFV core protein is almost identical to the processing scheme of the core protein of hepatitis C viruses.
Pigment Dispersion Syndrome Progression to Pigmentary Glaucoma in a Latin American Population

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the progression of pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) into pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in a population at the Central Military Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted, based on a review of medical records of patients with PDS evaluated in the Glaucoma Clinic. Data were collected in a database in excel and subsequently analyzed with the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), performing Chi-square test analysis and Spearman’s rho test. Results: Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients were included. Forty-two percent were women and 58% were men. Pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork was the most frequent clinical sign (100%), followed by Krukenberg’s spindle (91.7%), the least frequent were the iris concavity and iris heterochromia (4.2%), the average of the spherical equivalent was of - 1.33 (SD 2.07). The rate of conversion of PDS to PG was 37.5%, after an average follow-up of 50.7 months. Having an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mm Hg was statistically the only significant risk factor for conversion. Conclusion: We found several differences in frequency and clinical signs in these patients in contrast to previous data, probably due to different racial characteristics. The rate of progression is similar to previous reports despite of heterogeneity of these. Having IOP > 21 mm Hg was the only risk factor associated with progression in this sample. How to cite this article: Gomez Goyeneche HF, Hernandez-Mendieta DP, Rodriguez DA, Sepulveda AI, Toledo JD. Pigment Dispersion Syndrome Progression to Pigmentary Glaucoma in a Latin American Population. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2015;9(3):69-72.
Evidence for gradients of human genetic diversity within and among continents.

Genetic variation in humans is sometimes described as being discontinuous among continents or among groups of individuals, and by some this has been interpreted as genetic support for "races. " A recent study in which >350 microsatellites were studied in a global sample of humans showed that they could be grouped according to their continental origin, and this was widely interpreted as evidence for a discrete distribution of human genetic diversity. Here, we investigate how study design can influence such conclusions. Our results show that when individuals are sampled homogeneously from around the globe, the pattern seen is one of gradients of allele frequencies that extend over the entire world, rather than discrete clusters. Therefore, there is no reason to assume that major genetic discontinuities exist between different continents or "races. "