Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometrical and Mechanical Properties Control Actin Filament Organization

The different actin structures governing eukaryotic cell shape and movement are not only determined by the properties of the actin filaments and associated proteins, but also by geometrical constraints. We recently demonstrated that limiting nucleation to specific regions was sufficient to obtain actin networks with different organization. To further investigate how spatially constrained actin nucleation determines the emergent actin organization, we performed detailed simulations of the actin filament system using Cytosim. We first calibrated the steric interaction between filaments, by matching, in simulations and experiments, the bundled actin organization observed with a rectangular bar of nucleating factor. We then studied the overall organization of actin filaments generated by more complex pattern geometries used experimentally. We found that the fraction of parallel versus antiparallel bundles is determined by the mechanical properties of actin filament or bundles and the efficiency of nucleation. Thus nucleation geometry, actin filaments local interactions, bundle rigidity, and nucleation efficiency are the key parameters controlling the emergent actin architecture. We finally simulated more complex nucleation patterns and performed the corresponding experiments to confirm the predictive capabilities of the model.
Time‐dependent involvement of the dorsal hippocampus in trace fear conditioning in mice

Hippocampal and amygdaloid neuroplasticity are important substrates for Pavlovian fear conditioning. The hippocampus has been implicated in trace fear conditioning. However, a systematic investigation of the significance of the trace interval has not yet been performed. Therefore, this study analyzed the time‐dependent involvement of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the dorsal hippocampus in one‐trial auditory trace fear conditioning in C57BL/6J mice. The NMDA receptor antagonist APV was injected bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus 15 min before training. Mice were exposed to tone (conditioned stimulus [CS]) and footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]) in the conditioning context without delay (0 s) or with CS‐US (trace) intervals of 1–45 s. Conditioned auditory fear was determined 24 h after training by the assessment of freezing and computerized evaluation of inactivity in a new context; 2 h later, context‐dependent memory was tested in the conditioning context. NMDA receptor blockade by APV markedly impaired conditioned auditory fear at trace intervals of 15 s and 30 s, but not at shorter trace intervals. A 45‐s trace interval prevented the formation of conditioned tone‐dependent fear. Context‐dependent memory was always impaired by APV treatment independent of the trace interval. The results indicate that the dorsal hippocampus and its NMDA receptors play an important role in auditory trace fear conditioning at trace intervals of 15–30‐s length. In contrast, NMDA receptors in the dorsal hippocampus are unequivocally involved in contextual fear conditioning independent of the trace interval. The results point at a time‐dependent role of the dorsal hippocampus in encoding of noncontingent explicit stimuli. Preprocessing of long CS‐US contingencies in the hippocampus appears to be important for the final information processing and execution of fear memories through amygdala circuits. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Debt Structure and Future Financing and Investment 1

I study the relation between firm debt structure and future external financing and investment. I find that greater reliance on long-term debt can increase access to external financing and the ability to invest. This contrasts with previous empirical results and many theoretical predictions, and it suggests that, on average, the rollover risk associated with short-maturity debt outweighs the potential benefit in terms of reduced agency costs. Furthermore, I find that lower total debt (high debt capacity) increases future financing and capital expenditures, and firms do not fully rebalance by reducing the use of external financing sources such as equity. Finally, my results support the view that greater reliance on unsecured debt can increase future debt financing. Overall, my paper offers new insights into how aspects of debt structure, in particular maturity, affect future financing and investment capacity. Department of Finance and Real Estate, Colorado State University, 1201 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1201; sean.flynn@colostate.edu, sean.flynn. jr@gmail.com; 605-999-5170. I thank Yuri Tserlukevich, Andra Ghent, Mike Hertzel, Luke Stein, Ilona Babenko, and seminar participants at Arizona State University, Colorado State University, KAIST, and Peking University for helpful comments and discussions thus far. The most recent version of this paper can be found at https://sites.google. com/site/ seanjflynnjr/research.
Identity Negotiation in Psychotherapy: The Influence of Diagnostic and Rapport-building Strategies on the Effects of Clinical Expectations

In therapy, the expectations or hypotheses that therapists have of their clients, and the therapeutic strategies they employ with them, could influence identity negotiation processes. In the current study, 38 postgraduate therapist trainees interacted with 72 undergraduate clients in audiotaped counseling sessions. Therapists were led to expect that their clients were depressed or were given no expectation, and were asked to employ either diagnosis or rapport building with their clients. Therapists with expectations of client depression elicited similar levels of depressed behavior in their clients during diagnosis and rapport building as well as when they had no expectation and diagnosed their clients. Therapists focused on rapport building without an expectation elicited significantly less depressed behavior from their clients. Both applied and theoretical implications are discussed.
Fluorescent gold nanoclusters: recent advances in sensing and imaging.

F gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) or nanodots (NDs) with sizes smaller than 3 nm are a specific type of gold nanomaterials. In this review, Au NCs are used to represent fluorescent Au nanomaterials with sizes smaller than 3 nm. Unlike the most popular and well-known spherical, large gold nanoparticles, Au NCs do not exhibit surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption in the visible region but have fluorescence in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) region. With advantages of long lifetime, large Stokes shift, and biocompatibility, Au NCs have become interesting sensing and imaging materials. Although Au NCs prepared from Au in the presence of small thiol compounds such as 2-phenylethanethiol (PhCH2CH2SH) have been reported over the past decade, 5 their use for bioapplications have not been well recognized, mainly because of their low quantum yield (usually less than 1%), poor water dispersibility, photo and chemical instability, and difficulty for conjugation. In the past decade, many strategies for the preparation of stable, water dispersible, highly fluorescent, and biocompatible Au NCs have been reported. There are two major categories elucidating the recent advanced techniques for the preparation of Au NCs. The first category is through etching of larger sizes of nonfluorescent gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by thiol compounds such as mercaptopropionic acid. The second category is from reduction of Au in the presence of a ligand or template (protein) such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). The optical properties of biocompatible Au NCs are dependent on their size, surface ligand or template, and the surrounding medium, and thus they can be studied to develop sensitive and selective sensing and imaging systems for the detection of various analytes. The growing popularity of Au NCs in analytical applications has been realized in these few years. Several excellent review papers dealing with Au NCs from the viewpoint of analytical chemistry have been reported to highlight their potential for the analysis of environmental and biological samples. This review focuses on recent advances in Au NCs based sensing and imaging systems between 2012 and 2014. Current challenges and future prospects of Au NCs for fundamental studies and analytical applications will be provided.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Re sistance of New Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, in Khorasan, Iran

Article type: Original Article Background: Multi drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an infection with a causative bacillus which is resistant to at least two drugs, isoniazid and rifampin. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of TB resistance to first-line drugs of newly diagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on77 patients with newly diagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis (according to national protocols of TB). Sputum samples were cultured and antibiogram for isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and Streptomycin were performed on the positive cultures. Results: From 77 patients with TB, 48 cases were positive sputum culture. Antibiogram was done by proportional standard method and all samples were found to be fully sensitive to all first-line TB drugs. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the primary resistance was low to the first-line drugs for pulmonary tuberculosis of the samples collected from Khorasan, an east province of Iran. The data showed that in all patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who were diagnosed with Ziehl-Neelsen stain of sputum, the use of the first-line drugs for tuberculosis treatment is necessary and could be sufficient.
Understanding the audiences of a health communication campaign: A discriminant analysis of potential organ donors based on intent to donate

Abstract There is a great need for health communication campaigns that increase the number of individuals who carry signed and witnessed organ donor cards. This article describes one preliminary phase of such a campaign in which three target audiences are identified within the larger population. A discriminant analysis of five relevant variables showed that individuals who have a signed organ donor card have a high level of knowledge about organ donation, are rather altruistic, and do not believe that signing a donor card is a fearful activity. Individuals who are high in intent to sign organ donor cards (but have not done so) have limited knowledge about donation and a positive attitude toward organ donation, but they may find that signing a donor card is a fearful activity. Those who are low in intent to donate tend to have inaccurate knowledge, are not overly altruistic, and feel that signing a donor card would be quite frightening. Effective design of health campaigns depends on an accurate and thorou.
Investigation of Micro- and Nanosized Particle Erosion in a 90° Pipe Bend Using a Two-Phase Discrete Phase Model

This paper addresses erosion prediction in 3-D, 90° elbow for two-phase (solid and liquid) turbulent flow with low volume fraction of copper. For a range of particle sizes from 10 nm to 100 microns and particle volume fractions from 0.00 to 0.04, the simulations were performed for the velocity range of 5–20 m/s. The 3-D governing differential equations were discretized using finite volume method. The influences of size and concentration of micro- and nanoparticles, shear forces, and turbulence on erosion behavior of fluid flow were studied. The model predictions are compared with the earlier studies and a good agreement is found. The results indicate that the erosion rate is directly dependent on particles' size and volume fraction as well as flow velocity. It has been observed that the maximum pressure has direct relationship with the particle volume fraction and velocity but has a reverse relationship with the particle diameter. It also has been noted that there is a threshold velocity as well as a threshold particle size, beyond which significant erosion effects kick in. The average friction factor is independent of the particle size and volume fraction at a given fluid velocity but increases with the increase of inlet velocities.
Physical activity – academic achievement: student and teacher perspectives on the ‘new’ nexus

Background: The association between physical activity/fitness with cognitive and academic functioning has become a topic of considerable research interest. Increasingly, schooling systems are being expected to respond to these relationships through curricular and extra-curricular interventions. Purpose: This paper reports on the qualitative findings of the impact of the Active Kids Active Minds (AKAM) intervention that included one hour of moderate to vigorous daily physical activity for the promotion of learning in a regional primary school in Australia. It gives student and teacher voice to the corpus of literature on physical activity and academic performance intervention studies that are gaining momentum in the bid to justify and promote forms of school-based physical activity. Participants: Twelve Year 5 students, their classroom teachers, and the school principal's perspectives are shared in this paper. They were key informants from 107 students and 5 teachers who participated in the intervention. Data collection: Students, their classroom teachers, and the school principal were interviewed individually or in groups by a member of the research team. Researcher field observations, along with a diary kept by the dedicated AKAM teacher, were used to interrogate the complexity and pragmatics of both delivering the intervention and succeeding in the intervention. Data analysis: Transcribed interviews were reviewed independently by the authors for recurring themes. Field observations and the AKAM teacher diary were used to triangulate interview data. Findings: Data suggested that the intervention group benefited from and welcomed the additional daily physical activity when it offered high time-on-task, fun, and reflected students' interests. The intervention design with a dedicated physical activity leader and professional development support seemingly promoted teachers' confidence and enthusiasm. Conclusions: While this intervention was designed to complement physical education, we raise questions about how physical activity in schools may be channelled towards a new wave of instrumental outcomes.
Interprofessional collaboration in Swedish health and social care from a care manager's perspective

The aim of this study was to study interprofessional collaboration in health and social care for older people and persons with disabilities from a care manager's perspective. The empirical data was collected at a workshop held during a national conference for care managers and through focus group interviews in two Swedish municipalities. The results showed that the care managers collaborated in different ways with many different professionals from different organisations. The care and discharge planning meetings emerged as the most typical situation where care managers collaborated with different health care professionals. Interprofessional collaboration was seen as a means for care managers to fulfil their assignment and carry out their work. The care manager role encompassed role strain, a relatively weak professional identity, and differences in professional status among those involved in interprofessional collaboration.
Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise.

Carbohydrate, protein, and carbohydrate-protein supplements were compared to determine their effects on muscle glycogen storage during recovery from prolonged exhaustive exercise. Nine male subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. Immediately and 2 h after each exercise bout, they ingested 112.0 g carbohydrate (CHO), 40.7 g protein (PRO), or 112.0 g carbohydrate and 40.7 g protein (CHO-PRO). Blood samples were drawn before exercise, immediately after exercise, and throughout recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately and 4 h after exercise. During recovery the plasma glucose response of the CHO treatment was significantly greater than that of the CHO-PRO treatment, but the plasma insulin response of the CHO-PRO treatment was significantly greater than that of the CHO treatment. Both the CHO and CHO-PRO treatments produced plasma glucose and insulin responses that were greater than those produced by the PRO treatment (P less than 0.05). The rate of muscle glycogen storage during the CHO-PRO treatment [35.5 +/- 3.3 (SE) mumol.g protein-1.h-1] was significantly faster than during the CHO treatment (25.6 +/- 2.3 mumol.g protein-1.h-1), which was significantly faster than during the PRO treatment (7.6 +/- 1.4 mumol.g protein-1.h-1). The results suggest that postexercise muscle glycogen storage can be enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement as a result of the interaction of carbohydrate and protein on insulin secretion.
Examining the relationship between learning organization characteristics and change adaptation, innovation, and organizational performance

The main purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between certain learning organization characteristics and change adaptation, innovation, and bottom-line organizational performance. The following learning organization characteristics were found to be the strongest predictors of rapid change adaptation, quick product or service introduction, and bottomline organizational performance: open communications and information sharing; risk taking and new idea promotion; and information, facts, time, and resource availability to perform one's job in a professional manner.
Behavioural and ERP effects of paradigm complexity on visual word recognition

Are words with form variations in the stem (e.g. foot ~ feet) perceptually processed in the same way as those without (e.g. table)? The majority of psycholinguistic literature concerning (ir)regular morphology concentrates on the processing or storage of inflected forms (e.g., feet vs. tables or thought vs. walked) in relation to their base forms. This article discusses the recognition of base forms of words in relation to their paradigmatic complexity (stem allomorphy). Do words like foot have some benefits in their recognition because of stem allomorphy, or do they rather cause an inhibition effect because of competition in form variation? Or could it be that there is no activation of the allomorph feet when we process the word foot, and thus no influence on the base form? With these and related questions in mind, we investigated the temporal dynamics of processing Finnish monomorphemic nouns with rich stem allomorphy versus nouns with no variation in stem by conducting an event-related potential (ERP) experiment during a single word lexical decision task. Behaviourally and in the ERP data, items with rich stem allomorphy received shorter latencies than the items without stem variation. In the ERP data, the difference waveform between the two word types shows a centro-parietal N400 component consistent with the view that any factor that facilitates lexical access should reduce the N400 amplitude. On the other hand, the global field power waveforms derived from the ERP data give some support to our hypothesis that the brain allocates more processing power to the items with rich stem allomorphy. To explain this response pattern, we conjecture that activation of stem allomorphs at the lemma level facilitates lexical access from form to meaning.
Iron supplementation in goitrous, iron-deficient children improves their response to oral iodized oil.

OBJECTIVE In developing countries, many children are at high risk for both goiter and iron-deficiency anemia. Because iron deficiency may impair thyroid metabolism, the aim of this study was to determine if iron supplementation improves the response to oral iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient anemic children. DESIGN A trial of oral iodized oil followed by oral iron supplementation in an area of endemic goiter in the western Ivory Coast. METHODS Goitrous, iodine-deficient children (aged 6-12 years; n=109) were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of goitrous children who were not anemic; Group 2 consisted of goitrous children who were iron-deficient anemic. Both groups were given 200mg oral iodine as iodized oil. Thyroid gland volume using ultrasound, urinary iodine concentration (UI), serum thyroxine (T(4)) and whole blood TSH were measured at baseline, and at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 weeks post intervention. Beginning at 30 weeks, the anemic group was given 60mg oral iron as ferrous sulfate four times/week for 12 weeks. At 50 and 65 weeks after oral iodine (8 and 23 weeks after completing iron supplementation), UI, TSH, T(4) and thyroid volume were remeasured. RESULTS The prevalence of goiter at 30 weeks after oral iodine in Groups 1 and 2 was 12% and 64% respectively. Mean percent change in thyroid volume compared with baseline at 30 weeks in Groups 1 and 2 was -45.1% and -21.8% respectively (P<0.001 between groups). After iron supplementation in Group 2, there was a further decrease in mean thyroid volume from baseline in the anemic children (-34.8% and -38.4% at 50 and 65 weeks) and goiter prevalence fell to 31% and 20% at 50 and 65 weeks. CONCLUSION Iron supplementation may improve the efficacy of oral iodized oil in goitrous children with iron-deficiency anemia.
Survey on composition and bioconcentration potential of 12 metallic elements in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) mushroom that emerged at 11 spatially distant sites

This paper provides data on baseline concentrations, interrelationships and bioconcentration potential of 12 metallic elements by King Bolete collected from 11 spatially distant sites across Poland. There are significant differences in concentrations of metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, Zn) and their bioconcentration potential in King Bolete Boletus edulis at 11 spatially distant sites surveyed across Poland. These have resulted from significant geographical differences in trace metal concentrations in a layer (0-10 cm) of organic and mineral soil underneath to fruiting bodies and possible local bioavailabilities of macro- (Ca, K, Mg, Na) and trace metals (Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zn) to King Bolete. The use of highly appreciated wild-grown edible King Bolete mushroom has established a baseline measure of regional minerals status, heavy metals pollution and assessment of intake rates for wild mushroom dish fanciers against which future changes can be compared. Data on Cd, Cu and Zn from this study and from literature search can be useful to set the maximum limit of these metals in King Bolete collected from uncontaminated (background) areas. In this report also reviewed are data on Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Zn accumulation in King Bolete.
Dissecting work commitment: the role of Machiavellianism

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to refine the concept of work commitment by proposing a dissociation between self‐related work commitment (namely, employees' career commitment) and other‐related work commitment (pertaining more strongly to others such as team members or supervisors). The dissociation is demonstrated empirically through the differential predictive validity of Machiavellianism, which holds when the influence of broad personality dimensions is controlled for.Design/methodology/approach – Personality characteristics (Machiavellianism and the six factors of the HEXACO model of personality) as well as organizational, supervisor, team, and career commitment of 154 employees were assessed via self‐reports.Findings – Results support the hypotheses that Machiavellianism is related positively to self‐related work commitment (career commitment) and negatively to other‐related work commitment (organizational, supervisor, and team commitment), and explains unique variance in all criteria above the s.