Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic behavior of ultra-dense cellular networks and its economic impact

This paper investigates the relationship between base station (BS) density and average spectral efficiency (SE) in the downlink of a cellular network. This relationship has been well known for sparse deployment, i.e. when the number of BSs is small compared to the number of users. In this case the SE is independent of BS density. As BS density grows, on the other hand, it has previously been shown that increasing the BS density increases the SE, but no tractable form for the SE-BS density relationship has yet been derived. In this paper we derive such a closed-form result that reveals the SE is asymptotically a logarithmic function of BS density as the density grows. Further, we study the impact of this result on the network operator's profit when user demand varies, and derive the profit maximizing BS density and the optimal amount of spectrum to be utilized in closed forms. In addition, we provide deployment planning guidelines that will aid the operator in his decision if he should invest in densifying his network or in acquiring more spectrum.
From means to occasion: walking in the life of homeless people

This article discusses walking by homeless people, who were asked to take photographs of their everyday lives. These individuals walked to take their pictures, and they used their photographs to explain the walking that homeless people do. Stories about photographs taken were used to explain the significance of different modes of walking, as means, as condition and as occasion. Rather than see walking as integral with a kind of method – or ready-made technique – the authors argue that whatever walking ‘is’ emerges in the course of producing (not just analysing) that experience. They suggest that walking tears at the fabric of symbols and voiced conventions to produce traces and dissonances that invite repair – repair through ‘storying’ the journeys made.
Gliomas in rodent whisker barrel cortex: a new tumor model.

OBJECT Surgical treatment of gliomas is difficult because they are invasive. Invasion of essential cortex often limits or precludes surgical resection. A tumor model was developed in which the rodent whisker barrel cortex was used to examine how gliomas affect cortical function and structure. METHODS Both DBT (mouse) and C6 (rat) glioma cell lines were grown in culture and labeled with the fluorescent marker Dil in vitro. Labeled tumor cells were then injected into the whisker barrel cortex of adult mice and rats. Neurological assessments were made daily and magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained. Animals were killed by perfusion 6 to 14 days after injection, and histological sections were prepared and studied. Tumors were found in all 20 rats and 10 mice that had been injected with the C6 and DBT cell lines, respectively. The animal cells had been labeled with Dil in vitro, and all in vivo tumors proved to be Dil positive. The MR images revealed the tumor locations and serial MR images demonstrated tumor growth. Histological evaluation confirmed the location of the tumor and the disruption of barrel cortex architecture. CONCLUSIONS Both DBT and C6 glioma cell lines can be used to generate malignant glial tumors reproducibly in the whisker barrel cortex. Fluorescent labeling and cytochrome oxidase staining permit visualization of tumor growth patterns, which disrupt the barrel cortex by microscopic invasion and by gross tissue deformation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates the anatomical extension of these tumors in live rodents. Using this model for further studies on the effects of malignant glioma growth on functional cerebral cortex should advance our understanding of the neurological issues and management of patients with these tumors.
Grid integration of renewable energy sources: Challenges, issues and possible solutions

India is considering renewable energy resources (RES) like solar and wind as alternative for future energy needs. As on March 31, 2012 the grid interactive power generation from RES is 24914 MW i.e. around 12.1 % of the total installed energy capacity. Further Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India is targeting to achieve 20000 MW grid interactive power through solar and 38500 MW from wind by 2022. However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. Integration of renewable energy sources to utility grid depends on the scale of power generation. Large scale power generations are connected to transmission systems where as small scale distributed power generation is connected to distribution systems. There are certain challenges in the integration of both types of systems directly. This paper presents the some issues and challenges encountered during grid integration of different renewable energy sources with some possible solutions.
In vivo evaluation of some biophysical parameters of the facial skin of Indian women. Part I: variability with age and geographical locations

India is a large country (a subcontinent) of about 3.3 million km2 that covers large ranges in latitude and longitude. The last Indian census counted about 1.21 billion of inhabitants of many origins, creating a vast human diversity and skin types, the variability of which having been previously established. The present study aimed at deepening this knowledge through a set of biophysical measurements to describe, along the skin ageing process, the specificities of various Indian subjects living in different geographical locations.
A Quadrupole Dalton-based multi-attribute method for product characterization, process development, and quality control of therapeutic proteins

ABSTRACT During manufacturing and storage process, therapeutic proteins are subject to various post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as isomerization, deamidation, oxidation, disulfide bond modifications and glycosylation. Certain PTMs may affect bioactivity, stability or pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile and are therefore classified as potential critical quality attributes (pCQAs). Identifying, monitoring and controlling these PTMs are usually key elements of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Traditionally, multiple analytical methods are utilized for these purposes, which is time consuming and costly. In recent years, multi-attribute monitoring methods have been developed in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, these methods combine high-end mass spectrometry with complicated data analysis software, which could pose difficulty when implementing in a quality control (QC) environment. Here we report a multi-attribute method (MAM) using a Quadrupole Dalton (QDa) mass detector to selectively monitor and quantitate PTMs in a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. The result output from the QDa-based MAM is straightforward and automatic. Evaluation results indicate this method provides comparable results to the traditional assays. To ensure future application in the QC environment, this method was qualified according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline and applied in the characterization of drug substance and stability samples. The QDa-based MAM is shown to be an extremely useful tool for product and process characterization studies that facilitates facile understanding of process impact on multiple quality attributes, while being QC friendly and cost-effective.
Senior management women in Australia: diverse perspectives

Research undertaken in the USA in the 1970s discovered that many women who were successful in business denied the difficulties faced by women in management and were reluctant to assist other women. Researchers labelled this phenomenon the “queen bee” syndrome. This paper investigates the views of senior management women in Australia on the barriers women face in management and their willingness to assist other women into senior management positions. Forty‐one senior management women were interviewed in Sydney. Content analysis was conducted on the responses and four broad categories were developed: “conservatives”, “moderates”, “reluctant feminists” and “definite feminists”. Two‐thirds of respondents fell into categories representing women who did not hold views resembling those of “queen bees”. The remaining one‐third of the women interviewed fell into the two categories that most closely resembled “queen bees”. The fact that a minority of senior management women resembled “queen bees” challenges the myth that senior management women are reluctant to assist other women in the workplace. On the other hand, the results show that not all senior management women will support other women in the workplace.
‘You can train us until we are blue in our faces, we are still going to struggle’: Teacher professional learning in a full-service school

AbstractTeacher educators internationally are concerned with how best to prepare and equip teachers to be pedagogically responsive to an increasingly diverse learner population. This concern is echoed in South Africa as inclusive education is entrenched in the school system, with many teachers claiming that they do not have the knowledge and skills needed to teach in classrooms that represent diverse learners and learning needs. This article reports on research conducted with teachers in a full-service (inclusive) school in South Africa regarding their perceptions of a workshop on multilevel teaching. Participants completed questionnaires immediately after the workshop, and selected teachers engaged in focus group discussions eight months after the workshop. The collected data support Opfer and Pedder's (2011) complexity theory of teacher professional learning and we argue from our findings that teacher education for inclusion must consider individual teachers, the learning activities presented to teacher.
A Direct Bootstrap Method for Complex Sampling Designs From a Finite Population

In complex designs, classical bootstrap methods result in a biased variance estimator when the sampling design is not taken into account. Resampled units are usually rescaled or weighted in order to achieve unbiasedness in the linear case. In the present article, we propose novel resampling methods that may be directly applied to variance estimation. These methods consist of selecting subsamples under a completely different sampling scheme from that which generated the original sample, which is composed of several sampling designs. In particular, a portion of the subsampled units is selected without replacement, while another is selected with replacement, thereby adjusting for the finite population setting. We show that these bootstrap estimators directly and precisely reproduce unbiased estimators of the variance in the linear case in a time-efficient manner, and eliminate the need for classical adjustment methods such as rescaling, correction factors, or artificial populations. Moreover, we show via simulation studies that our method is at least as efficient as those currently existing, which call for additional adjustment. This methodology can be applied to classical sampling designs, including simple random sampling with and without replacement, Poisson sampling, and unequal probability sampling with and without replacement.
A Longitudinal Study of ESL Learners' Fluency and Comprehensibility Development.

This longitudinal mixed-methods study compared the oral fluency of well-educated adult immigrants from Mandarin and Slavic language backgrounds (16 per group) enrolled in introductory English as a second language (ESL) classes. Speech samples were collected over a 2-year period, together with estimates of weekly English use. We also conducted interviews at the last data collection session. The participants’ fluency and comprehensibility at three points over 22 months were judged by 33 native speakers of English. We examine the learners’ progress in light of their exposure to English outside of their ESL class. The Slavic language speakers showed a small but significant improvement in both fluency and comprehensibility, whereas the Mandarin speakers’ performance did not change over 2 years, although both groups started at the same level of oral proficiency. These differences may be attributable in part to degree of exposure to English outside the ESL courses. Neither group had extensive exposure outside of their classes because of employment and familial responsibilities (although the Slavic language speakers reported more opportunities). Thus both groups may have been disadvantaged by a lack of oral fluency instruction. The findings, both quantitative and qualitative, are interpreted using the Willingness to Communicate framework; we also discuss implications for the language classroom.
Material efficiency: providing material services with less material production

Material efficiency, as discussed in this Meeting Issue, entails the pursuit of the technical strategies, business models, consumer preferences and policy instruments that would lead to a substantial reduction in the production of high-volume energy-intensive materials required to deliver human well-being. This paper, which introduces a Discussion Meeting Issue on the topic of material efficiency, aims to give an overview of current thinking on the topic, spanning environmental, engineering, economics, sociology and policy issues. The motivations for material efficiency include reducing energy demand, reducing the emissions and other environmental impacts of industry, and increasing national resource security. There are many technical strategies that might bring it about, and these could mainly be implemented today if preferred by customers or producers. However, current economic structures favour the substitution of material for labour, and consumer preferences for material consumption appear to continue even beyond the point at which increased consumption provides any increase in well-being. Therefore, policy will be required to stimulate material efficiency. A theoretically ideal policy measure, such as a carbon price, would internalize the externality of emissions associated with material production, and thus motivate change directly. However, implementation of such a measure has proved elusive, and instead the adjustment of existing government purchasing policies or existing regulations— for instance to do with building design, planning or vehicle standards—is likely to have a more immediate effect.
Differential patterns of textual characteristics and company performance in the chairman's statement

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of financial performance on the textual characteristics of the chairman's statement. In particular, given the increased motives for poorly performing management to engage in impression management, the paper focuses on whether companies' reporting strategies depend on underlying financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – The research questions are investigated by examining a range of textual characteristics in the chairman's statements of 100 extremely profitable and extremely unprofitable UK listed companies. Findings – The results in this paper indicate that the chairman's statement is subject to impression management techniques as managers' propensity to associate themselves with company financial results is associated with the firm's underlying financial performance. There is also some evidence that unprofitable companies focus more on the future, rather than on past performance. Research limitations/implications – The paper shows the results of this study are based on samples of extremely profitable or extremely unprofitable companies and thus represent the tails of the distribution; further research using random sampling could investigate the extent to which the findings hold for all companies. Additional factors, such as changes in board membership, could also be examined in future research. Practical implications – The research in this paper has implications for the current state of financial reporting whereby auditors do not formally audit, but instead review, the chairman's statement to ascertain its consistency with the financial statements. Originality/value – The paper will be of value to academic researchers in the field of impression management and to users of annual reports who may rely on the chairman's statement for decision making.
Altered Ca2+ dependence of synaptosomal plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase in human brain affected by Alzheimer's disease

High‐affinity Ca2+ transport ATPases play a crucial role in controlling cytosolic Ca2+. The amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) is a neurotoxic agent found in affected neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that has been implicated in dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Using kinetic assays, we have shown that the Ca2+ dependencies of intracellular Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA and SPCA) activity are the same in human AD and normal brain but that of plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA) is different. The addition of Aβ to normal brain decreases the PMCA activity measured at pCa 5.5, resulting in the same Ca2+ dependency as that seen in AD brain, whereas the addition of Aβ to AD brain has no effect on PMCA activity. Aβ also decreases the activity of PMCA purified from pig cerebrum, the effect being isoform specific. The level of inhibition of purified PMCA caused by Aβ is reduced by cholesterol, and the level of inhibition of PMCA activity by Aβ in the raft fraction of pig synaptosomal membranes is lower than for the nonraft fraction. We conclude that the effect of Aβ on PMCA activity could be important in amyloid toxicity, resulting in cytoplasmic Ca2+ dysregulation and could explain the different Ca2+ dependencies of PMCA activity observed in normal and AD brain. —Berrocal, M. ,Marcos, D. , Sepulveda, M.R. , Perez, M. , Avila, J., Mata, A.M. Altered Ca2+ dependence of synaptosomal plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase in human brain affected by Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 23, 1826–1834 (2009)
Lending a helping hand, screening chemical libraries for compounds that enhance β‐hexosaminidase A activity in GM2 gangliosidosis cells

Enzyme enhancement therapy is an emerging therapeutic approach that has the potential to treat many genetic diseases. Candidate diseases are those associated with a mutant protein that has difficulty folding and/or assembling into active oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum. Many lysosomal storage diseases are candidates for enzyme enhancement therapy and have the additional advantage of requiring only 5–10% of normal enzyme levels to reduce and/or prevent substrate accumulation. Our long experience in working with the β‐hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) isozymes system and its associated deficiencies (Tay‐Sachs and Sandhoff disease) lead us to search for possible enzyme enhancement therapy‐agents that could treat the chronic forms of these diseases which express 2–5% residual activity. Pharmacological chaperones are enzyme enhancement therapy‐agents that are competitive inhibitors of the target enzyme. Each of the known β‐hexosaminidase inhibitors (low µm IC50) increased mutant enzyme levels to ≥ 10% in chronic Tay‐Sachs fibroblasts and also attenuated the thermo‐denaturation of β‐hexosaminidase. To expand the repertoire of pharmacological chaperones to more ‘drug‐like’ compounds, we screened the Maybridge library of 50 000 compounds using a real‐time assay for noncarbohydrate‐based β‐hexosaminidase inhibitors and identified several that functioned as pharmacological chaperones in patient cells. Two of these inhibitors had derivatives that had been tested in humans for other purposes. These observations lead us to screen the NINDS library of 1040 Food and Drug Administration approved compounds for pharmacological chaperones. Pyrimethamine, an antimalarial drug with well documented pharmacokinetics, was confirmed as a β‐hexosaminidase pharmacological chaperone and compared favorably with our best carbohydrate‐based pharmacological chaperone in patient cells with various mutant genotypes.
Transfer of Risperidone and 9-Hydroxyrisperidone into Human Milk

OBJECTIVE To quantify the transfer of risperidone and its active metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone into breast milk, estimate the amount the infant receives, measure infant plasma concentrations, and clinically assess the safety of breast feeding during maternal risperidone administration. CASE SUMMARIES The transfer of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone into milk was studied in 2 breast-feeding women and one woman with risperidone-induced galactorrhea. Plasma samples were available from 2 of the women and from both breast-fed infants. The milk/plasma concentration ratio determined in 2 women was <0.5 for both compounds. The calculated relative infant “doses” were 2.3%, 2.8%, and 4.7% (as risperidone equivalents) of the maternal weight-adjusted doses. Risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were not detected in the plasma of the 2 breast-fed infants studied, and no adverse effects were noted. DISCUSSION Risperidone therapy is sometimes necessary in breast-feeding women, raising the issue of safety in the exposed infants. Our study shows that the relative infant dose is lower than the arbitrary 10% level of concern. The data provide clear guidance on infant exposure for the cases presented. CONCLUSIONS Maternal risperidone therapy is unlikely to be a significant hazard for the breast-fed infant in the short term. Nevertheless, decisions on whether a woman may breast-feed should be made as an individual risk-benefit analysis.
Sertraline Treatment of Co-occurring Alcohol Dependence and Major Depression

Background: Major depressive disorder occurs commonly in association with alcohol dependence, both in clinical samples and in the community. Efforts to treat major depressive disorder in alcoholics with antidepressants have yielded mixed results. This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline was designed to address many of the potential methodological shortcomings of studies of co-occurring disorders. Method: Following a 1-week, single-blind, placebo lead-in period, 328 patients with co-occurring major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence were randomly assigned to receive 10 weeks of treatment with sertraline (at a maximum dose of 200 mg/d) or matching placebo. Randomization was stratified, based on whether initially elevated scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale declined with cessation of heavy drinking, resulting in a sample of 189 patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores ≥17 (group A) and 139 patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores ≤16 (group B). Results: Both depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption decreased substantially over time in both groups. There were no reliable medication group differences on depressive symptoms or drinking behavior in either group A or B patients. Conclusion: Despite careful attention to methodological considerations, this study does not provide consistent support for the use of sertraline to treat co-occurring major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence. The high rate of response among placebo-treated patients may help to explain these findings. Further research is needed to identify efficacious treatments for patients with these commonly co-occurring disorders.