Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Geographic Approach for Teaching about Terrorism

ABSTRACT Geography is in a unique position to address the topic of terrorism both inside and outside the classroom and has much to offer in terms of crafting effective measures to counter some of the most pressing threats to international security. As little consideration has been given to teaching about this important subject matter at the university level, this article presents an upper-level special topics case study course offered on terrorism. A capstone project that required students to apply course concepts to a specific terrorist organization is examined and the article concludes with a discussion of the limitations of this pedagogical approach.
On the Intertemporal Risk-Return Relation---a Bayesian Model Comparison Perspective

The existing empirical studies indicate that inferences on the intertemporal relation between expected return and volatility are highly sensitive to empirical specifications of return dynamics. Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (1993) attempt to resolve this confusing situation by examining several generalizations of the standard GARCH-M model. They conclude a negative risk-return relation solely based on the models that are identified in the first step through a variety of diagnostic tests as relatively “better” models. However, it has not been shown in their study whether the evidence supporting their first-step model selection decision is significant or not. To the extent the strength of sample evidences supporting those selected models is unclear, it remains unconvincing whether their finding of a negative risk-return relation is significant or not. Accordingly, our paper propose a Bayesian model comparison approach to explicitly assess the strength of the evidence in support of the models that typically indicate conflicting signs for the risk-return relation. The empirically computed Bayes factors show that the models that indicate a negative risk-return relation indeed outperform, at a decisive degree, the alternative models that suggest a contrary result. Further, with priors that slightly favor return nonpredictability, evidence still indicates a negative relation after model uncertainty is accounted for. Therefore, our study complements the work of Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (1993) by showing that not only the parameter relating risk to return is estimated to negative and significant for the selected model, but also the selected model is favored by the data at a significant degree. ∗I am grateful to Michael Brandt, Craig MacKinlay, Andrew Metrick, Jessica Wachter, Yihong Xia, and especially my dissertation advisor Robert Stambaugh at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, for their numerous helpful comments and suggestions. The comments of the seminar participants at the Quantitative Methods in Finance at Sydney and China International Conference in Finance are also appreciated. I am fully responsible for any weakness of the paper. †Correspondence address: LKC School of Business, Singapore Management University, 50 Stamford Road, Singapore 178899. Phone: (65) 6828-0763. Email: lpwang@smu.edu. sg.
GMM-based inference in the AR ( 1 ) panel data model for parameter values where local identi cation fails

We are interested in making inference on the AR parameter in an AR(1) panel data model when the time-series dimension is xed and the cross-section dimension is large. We consider a GMM estimator based on the second order moments of the observed variables. It turns out that when the AR parameter equals unity and certain restrictions apply to the other parameters in the model then local identi cation fails. We show that the parameters and in particular the AR parameter can still be estimated consistently but at a slower rate than usual. Also we derive the asymptotic distribution of the parameter estimators which turns out to be non-standard. The properties of this estimator of the AR parameter are very di¤erent from those of the widely used Arellano-Bond GMM estimator which is obtained by taking rst-di¤erences of the variables and then use lagged levels as instruments. It is well-known that this estimator performs poorly when the AR parameter is close to unity. The reason for this di¤erence between the two estimators is that with the Arellano-Bond moment conditions global identi cation fails for the speci c values of the parameters considered here whereas with the non-linear GMM estimator that uses all information from the second order moments only local identi cation fails. We illustrate the results in a simulation study. Keywords: AR(1) panel data model, GMM estimation, local identi cation failure, rate of convergence, non-standard limiting distribution
Skin thermal pain modeling — A holistic method

Pain sensation has been studied extensively, over a range of scales, from the molecular level to the entire human neural system. Thermal stimulation of pain has been widely used in the study of pain sensation. Skin thermal pain is induced through both direct (an increase/decrease in temperature) and indirect (thermomechanical and thermochemical) ways, and is governed by complicated thermomechanical–chemical–neurophysiologic responses. This paper is focused on the theoretical modeling of the underlying mechanisms in the process of skin thermal pain. A holistic model has been developed, which is composed of three sub-models, namely, transduction, transmission, and modulation and perception. The model can contribute to the understanding of thermally related pain phenomena in skin tissue and to improvements in a range of thermal therapeutic methods. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dreamings beyond ‘opportunity’: the collaborative economics of an aboriginal heritage trail

ABSTRACT This article presents the Lurujarri Heritage Trail, an Indigenous tourism experience in Northwest Australia as exemplary for a world different from the teleological-minded futurism of neoliberal market economics. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork undertaken between 2011 and 2015, it first outlines how in 1987 the Trail was established at the very margins of the Australian economy. Through its emphasis on the here and now that is grounded in a collaboration of people and land and acknowledges diverse worldviews and ontological differences, the Trail today offers its participants a means to experience Indigenous culture as different from Western politics and development policies. As a result, its allegedly marginal Dreaming (Bugarrigarra) leads beyond the pursuit of economic opportunity and in doing so enabled the defeat of large-scale industrialisation in the region.
The spherical Hecke algebra for affine Kac-Moody groups I

We define the spherical Hecke algebra for an (untwisted) affine Kac-Moody group over a local non-archimedian field. We prove a generalization of the Satake isomorphism for these algebras, relating it to integrable representations of the Langlands dual affine Kac-Moody group. In the next publication we shall use these results to define and study the notion of Hecke eigenfunction for the group $G_{\aff}$
A Computer System to Control Affective Content in Music Production

Music is a ubiquitous media in our lives, used in many contexts. The possibility to select appropriate affective music can be helpful to adapt music to our emotional interest. Our work intends to design a system to control affective content in music production. This is done by taking into account a knowledge base with mappings between affective states (happiness, sadness, etc.) and music features (rhythm, melody, etc.). The knowledge base is grounded on background knowledge from Music Psychology. Our system starts with the reception of an emotional description specified by the user. Next, mappings are selected from the knowledge base, according to the emotional description. Music is retrieved from a music base (recorded sound and MIDI files) according to similarity metrics between music features (of mappings and music base). Afterward, selected music can be subject to transforming, sequencing and remixing algorithms and then played. The inclusion of third party composition software is also envisaged. To assess the system, listener emotional state can be analysed using psychophysiological or self-report measures.
CCN activation experiments with adipic acid: effect of particle phase and adipic acid coatings on soluble and insoluble particles

Slightly soluble atmospherically relevant organic compounds may influence particle CCN activity and therefore cloud formation. Adipic acid is a frequently employed surrogate for such slightly soluble organic materials. The 11 published experimental studies on the CCN activity of adipic acid particles are not consistent with each other nor do they, in most cases, agree with the Kohler theory. The CCN activity of adipic acid aerosol particles was studied over a significantly wider range of conditions than in any previous single study. The work spans the conditions of the previous studies and also provides alternate methods for producing "wet" (deliquesced solution droplets) and dry adipic acid particles without the need to produce them by atomization of aqueous solutions. The experiments suggest that the scatter in the previously published CCN measurements is most likely due to the difficulty of producing uncontaminated adipic acid particles by atomization of solutions and possibly also due to uncertainties in the calibration of the instruments. The CCN activation of the small ( d m d core ≤102 nm), the CCN activity of the coated particles approaches the deliquescence line of adipic acid, suggesting that the total size of the particle determines CCN activation and the soot core acts as a scaffold.
Social determinants of child mortality in Niger: Results from the 2012 National Verbal and Social Autopsy Study

Background Understanding the determinants of preventable deaths of children under the age of five is important for accelerated annual declines – even as countries achieve the UN’s Millennium Development Goals and the target date of 2015 has been reached. While research has documented the extent and nature of the overall rapid decline in child mortality in Niger, there is less clear evidence to provide insight into the contributors to such deaths. This issue is the central focus of this paper. Methods We analyzed a nationally representative cross–sectional sample of 620 child deaths from the 2012 Niger Verbal Autopsy/Social Autopsy (VASA) Survey. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the data on preventive and curative care, guided by the coverage of proven indicators along the continuum of well child care and illness recognition and care–seeking for child illnesses encompassed by the BASICS/CDC Pathway to Survival model. Results Six hundred twenty deaths of children (1–59 months of age) were confirmed from the VASA survey. The majority of these children lived in households with precarious socio–economic conditions. Among the 414 children whose fatal illnesses began at age 0–23 months, just 24.4% were appropriately fed. About 24% of children aged 12–59 months were fully immunized. Of 601 children tracked through the Pathway to Survival, 62.4% could reach the first health care provider after about 67 minutes travel time. Of the 306 children who left the first health care provider alive, 161 (52.6%) were not referred for further care nor received any home care recommendations, and just 19% were referred to a second provider. About 113 of the caregivers reported cost (35%), distance (35%) and lack of transport (30%) as constraints to care–seeking at a health facility. Conclusion Despite Niger’s recent major achievements in reducing child mortality, the following determinants are crucial to continue building on the gains the country has made: improved socio–economic state of the poor in the country, investment in women’s education, adoption of the a law to prevent marriage of young girls before 18 years of age, and implementation of health programs that encourage breastfeeding and complementary feeding, immunization, illness recognition, prompt and appropriate care–seeking, and improved referral rates.
HTTP-Level Deduplication with HTML5

In this project, we examine HTTP-level duplication. We first report on our initial measurement study, analyzing the amount and types of duplication in the Internet today. We then discuss several opportunities for deduplication: in particular, we implement two versions of a simple server-client architecture that takes advantage of HTML5 client-side storage for value-based caching and deduplication.
Hurricane Mitch: population genetic structure of Pacific white shrimp from the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Tables Table 1. Sample sizes before and after the exclusion of genetic outliers for collection sites by estuary and site within estuary. Table 2. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), based on 87 AFLP markers, for Litopenaeus vannamei populations collected from multiple estuaries adjoining the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras: a) Nested AMOVA for complete data set consisting of 189 postlarval shrimp from 16 estuaries and 19 collection sites. b) Results from reduced data set (N = 144) consisting of only the 18 collection sites with a core group of three or more genetically similar postlarvae. Table 3. Matrix of pairwise fixation indexes and their probablities for Litopenaeus vannamei compared among estuaries (N = 18) adjoining the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, following the exclusion of genetic outliers. F-statistics are given below the diagonal; p-values, above the diagonal. 4 Figures Fig. 1. Map of the the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, showing the 19 collection sites for Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae for which data are reported. Colored (non-black) ovals encircle 4 distinct phenetic clusters, three of which display disjunct distributions spanning multiple lobes of the Gulf (blow-up boxes). Black ovals encircle collection sites that were genetically distinct from all others. Shrimp farms are represented by blue-filled boxes. All collections were conducted within a tetrahedral area with intersections at the following coordinates (proceeding clockwise from the southwestern extreme): north
Analysis of On Demand and Table Driven Routing Protocol for Fire Fighter Application

In an Ad hoc communication, the nodes are randomly distributed in a region are moving arbitrarily. We propose Analysis of On demand and Table driven routing protocols for Fire Fighter Applications (AOTFF) in this paper. The performance analysis on reactive protocols viz., AODV and AOMDV as well as proactive protocol DSDV are compared with Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF) and Simulation time. The model of fire fighter is developed using routing protocol to cover maximum area by knowing the path that is already been used . It is observed that the performance of reactive protocols are better than compared to proactive protocols. An Ad hoc network has mobile computing nodes distributed randomly in a specified area and are characterized by energy, node ID and node expiry time. The communication between nodes is based on wireless trans-reception without fixed infrastructure. The computing nodes are tiny devices capable to measure and process the quantities of environmental information and communicate to the information gathering centre to take approximate action. The sensing activity by the computing node are of two types viz.,(i) Periodic Sensing in which a node senses the environmental physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, nuclear radiations and electromagnetic radiations and (ii) Sporadic Sensing in which, the nodes are used to sense and measure physical parameters such as temperature of a furnace in an industry, stress on a structure and density of vehicles in a city to keep the measured values within the specified threshold level to avoid destructions and maintain the safety norms. The routing in Ad hoc network is dynamic and links changes randomly. An intelligent routing protocol is required to find the path as the Ad hoc network is infrastructure less and network topology information of every node in the network is necessary for routing. The routing protocols (1) for Ad hoc wireless network is classified on the basis of (i) Routing Information update mechanism (ii) Use
The Kinematics of the Warm Gas in the Interacting Hickson Compact Group of Galaxies HCG 90

We present kinematic observations of Hα emission for two early-type galaxies and one disk system, members of the Hickson compact group 90 (HCG 90) obtained with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer and samplings of 16 km s-1 and 1″. Mapping of the gas kinematics was possible to ∼2reff for the disk galaxy NGC 7174 and to ∼1.3reff and ∼1.7reff for the early-type galaxies NGC 7176 and NGC 7173, respectively. Evidence for ongoing interaction was found in the properties of the warm gas of the three galaxies, some of which do not have stellar counterparts. The system H90bd (NGC 7176–NGC 7174), which was previously suspected to be an optical double, may in reality be a system in interaction. In the region where the galaxies spatially overlap in projection (their continuum centers are only 25″ apart), the gas profiles are separated in velocity space by ∼50–100 km s-1. The gas component of the early-type galaxy is highly concentrated in the region closest to the irregular galaxy, where the interaction between the two galaxies may be taking place. The velocity fields of these galaxies are disturbed, most probably because of the ongoing interaction; they indicate that the galaxies are in prograde orbits, which is a favorable condition for merging. H90c, morphologically classified as an elliptical galaxy, has a disk of ionized gas that rotates around an axis oriented 60° with respect to the stellar rotation axis. This is strong evidence that the gas has an external origin. As is also the case for H90b, this galaxy may be a true S0 that was misclassified as an elliptical galaxy. We suggest the following evolutionary scenario for the system: H90d is the warm-gas reservoir of the group, in the process of fueling H90b with gas. H90c and H90d have experienced past interaction with gas exchange. The gas acquired by H90c has already settled and relaxed, but the effects of the interaction can still be seen in the morphology of the two galaxies and their stellar kinematics. This process will possibly result in a major merger.
Asymptotic Theory and Slow Characteristics Solution Techniques for Weakly Non-linear Hyperbolic Partial Diierential Equations Asymptotic Theory and Slow Characteristics Solution Techniques for Weakly Non-linear Wave Equations on Semi-innnite Domains

We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of weakly non-linear wave equations in the region x > 0; t > 0 under arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. We also establish the asymptotic validity of formal perturbation approximations to the solutions. The asymptotics of these equations require two slow scales, one spatial, one temporal. We formulate a multiple-scale perturbation procedure, based on a set of scaled characteristic variables , which provides a simpliied description of the slow-scale interaction between forward and backward going wave components. We illustrate the procedure by applying it to a weakly nonlinear wave equation with a cubic nonlinearity.
Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm Based on PSO and GA Mutation

This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The main idea is to integrate PSO with GA mutation method. Simulations for a series of benchmark test functions show that the hybrid proposed method possess better ability to find the global optimum than the standard PSO algorithm.
Studying the Impact of Using Multimedia Interactive Programs on Children's Ability to Learn Basic Math Skills

The continuous inventions and evolutions in all information technology fields open new channels and opportunities to enhance teaching and educational methods. On one side, these may improve the abilities of educators to present information in interactive and media-enhanced formats relative to traditional methods. This may help students or learners through offering them the information in channels and methods that can be easier to understand, deal with and retrieve. On the other hand, offering those alternative methods of teaching can be helpful particularly for children, people with special needs, or students in rural areas where they can have virtual or remote instructors, especially for majors who have shortages. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of utilising multimedia technologies on enhancing, or not, the effectiveness of teaching students at early stages in Jordanian primary schools. To achieve this objective, a program has been developed to test the students' ability to understand basic mathematical knowledge and skills. Two groups were selected from a local school based on their own class distribution, where one group was taught the subject in basic math using a program developed for this purpose and the second class was taught the same subject using traditional methods of teaching (i.e. direct student-to-child instruction, board, etc.). Results showed that in such math skills at this age, using programs or multimedia-enhanced methods of teaching can be effective in getting students' attention, especially when cartoon characters are used. Results also showed that there is no significant difference in learning and knowledge skills and information absorption based on gender distribution, as a comparison of the results between little boys and girls showed no significant difference in their learning skills.
Modeling decentralized inter-organizational business structures through agent-based simulation

This paper proposes an agent-based simulation model to explore new structures of decentralized inter-organizational firms in order to follow recent rapid changes of business environments. The proposed model is characterized by 1) a decentralized inter-firm structure, 2) a centralized inter-firm structure and 3) a combined inter-firm structure of decentralized and centralized elements. Based on the model, we are implementing a simulator. The experimental results suggest that the proposed model deals with client's volume change, but not enough to be adapted for client's needs type in inter-firm market.
Predictors for local invasive recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a meta-analysis

The introduction of mammographic screening has considerably increased the detection rate of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which has a high probability of recurrence. We carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive factors including biomarkers, tumor characteristics, and modes of detection on the risk of local invasive recurrence (LIR) following DCIS. Searches were performed in PubMed and EMBASE up to 8 July 2014. Risk estimates (hazard ratios, odds ratios, and relative risks) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to calculate the strength of the associations between predictive factors and the risk of LIR after treatment of DCIS. STATA 12.0 was used to combine results in this meta-analysis. A total of 18 articles were included in the analysis. Pooled risk estimates and 95% CIs were 1.36 (1.04–1.69) for the positive margin, 1.38 (1.12–1.63) for the nonscreening detection method, 1.04 (0.84–1.24) for high nuclear grade 1, 1.32 (0.98–1.66) for intermediate nuclear grade 2, 1.18 (0.98–1.37) for comedonecrosis, 1.00 (0.92–1.08) for large tumor size, 1.34 (0.82–1.87) for multifocality, 0.74 (0.36–1.12) for estrogen receptor-positive tumors, 0.89 (0.47–1.31) for progesterone receptor-positive tumors, and 1.25 (0.7–1.81) for HER2/neu-positive tumors. Positive margin and non-screening-detected cancers were associated with a higher risk of LIR following DCIS. These predictive factors, after further validation, could be considered to tailor treatment for individual patients.