Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between emotions: correspondence across different types of data and componential basis

Two issues regarding associations between negative emotions are addressed: (i) whether different types of data imply similar associations and (ii) whether these associations can be accounted for by the overlap between emotion components. In study 1, issue (i) was examined using individual differences covariation, situational covariation, and judged emotion similarity data. Results showed that the associations implied by the different data types were highly similar. Regarding issue (ii), we argue theoretically that component overlap may account for the obtained correspondence. Study 2 empirically demonstrated that the different types of association were strongly related to overlap in appraisals and action tendencies. Similarity judgments, however, seemed to be primarily based on emotion co‐occurrence, and were only to a smaller degree directly related to component overlap. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND GRAVITATIONAL LENSING POTENTIAL FROM 100 SQUARE DEGREES OF SPTPOL DATA

We present a measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) gravitational lensing potential using data from the first two seasons of observations with SPTpol, the polarization-sensitive receiver currently installed on the South Pole Telescope. The observations used in this work cover 100 deg2 of sky with arcminute resolution at 150 GHz. Using a quadratic estimator, we make maps of the CMB lensing potential from combinations of CMB temperature and polarization maps. We combine these lensing potential maps to form a minimum-variance (MV) map. The lensing potential is measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of greater than one for angular multipoles between 100 < L < 250 ? > . This is the highest signal-to-noise mass map made from the CMB to date and will be powerful in cross-correlation with other tracers of large-scale structure. We calculate the power spectrum of the lensing potential for each estimator, and we report the value of the MV power spectrum between 100 < L < 2000 ? > as our primary result. We constrain the ratio of the spectrum to a fiducial ΛCDM model to be AMV = 0.92 ± 0.14 (Stat.) ± 0.08 (Sys.). Restricting ourselves to polarized data only, we find APOL = 0.92 ± 0.24 (Stat.) ± 0.11 (Sys.). This measurement rejects the hypothesis of no lensing at 5.9 &sgr; ? > using polarization data alone, and at 14 &sgr; ? > using both temperature and polarization data.
Hyperphosphorylation of Intrinsically Disordered Tau Protein Induces an Amyloidogenic Shift in Its Conformational Ensemble

Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) whose primary physiological role is to stabilize microtubules in neuronal axons at all stages of development. In Alzheimer's and other tauopathies, tau forms intracellular insoluble amyloid aggregates known as neurofibrillary tangles, a process that appears in many cases to be preceded by hyperphosphorylation of tau monomers. Understanding the shift in conformational bias induced by hyperphosphorylation is key to elucidating the structural factors that drive tau pathology, however, as an IDP, tau is not amenable to conventional structural characterization. In this work, we employ a straightforward technique based on Time-Resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TRESI-MS) and Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange (HDX) to provide a detailed picture of residual structure in tau, and the shifts in conformational bias induced by hyperphosphorylation. By comparing the native and hyperphosphorylated ensembles, we are able to define specific conformational biases that can easily be rationalized as enhancing amyloidogenic propensity. Representative structures for the native and hyperphosphorylated tau ensembles were generated by refinement of a broad sample of conformations generated by low-computational complexity modeling, based on agreement with the TRESI-HDX profiles.
Dielectric Modulated Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor—A Biomolecule Sensor

In this letter, we propose a dielectric modulated double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor (DG-TFET)-based sensor for low power consumption label-free biomolecule detection applications. A nanogap-embedded FET-based biosensor has already been demonstrated experimentally, but a TFET-based biosensor has not been demonstrated earlier. Thus, a concept of TFET-based sensor is presented by analytical and simulation-based study. The results indicate better sensitivity toward two different effects (dielectric constant and charge of biomolecule) in comparison with a FET-based biosensor, and the additional advantages of CMOS compatibility, low leakage (low static power dissipation), and steep subthreshold slope make TFET an attractive alternative architecture for CMOS-based sensor applications.
Work, personality and psychological distress : direct and moderating effects of the Big Five personality traits

The current thesis sought to observe the multiple relationships that exist between work organization conditions, personality characteristics and psychological distress in the workplace. The main question of interest was whether the Big Five personality traits have a moderating effect on the relationship between work organization and psychological distress, but numerous other questions of interest were also considered. In order to address the twenty-one hypotheses proposed in this study, secondary data was used from a cross-sectional survey of 395 workers from a municipal police service. Multivariate analyses showed four significant relationships between the three variables of interest. With regards to the work organization conditions, it was found that psychological demands in the workplace increase psychological distress, whereas, support from a supervisor decreases psychological distress. With regards to personality, neuroticism was found to increase psychological distress. Finally, a moderating relationship was found for the conscientiousness trait on the relationship between psychological demands and psychological distress. Globally, the results indicate that the Big Five personality traits have a mitigated impact on mental health problems in the workplace.
Age, working memory, and the Tower of London task

The current study explores the role of three components of working memory in age differences in an executive task, the Tower of London (TOL). The TOL task is sensitive to frontal lobe damage, and is widely used to measure planning ability. Dual tasks were used to test the involvement of the phonological loop (articulatory suppression), visuospatial buffer (pattern tapping), and central executive (random generation) in age effects on the TOL. Older adults showed greater reliance than young on domain-specific verbal and spatial memory components in performing the TOL. In terms of executive function, qualitatively different interference patterns were seen in young and old participants. However, the validity of using random generation tasks to assess executive function in older populations can be questioned. For older participants, performing the TOL loads all components of working memory, whereas for the younger participants the TOL more specifically loads executive functioning.
Mexican-American Disciplinary Practices and Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Comparison of Foreign-and Native-Born Mothers

The present study examined the disciplinary practices and attitudes toward child maltreatment in a sample of foreign-and native-born Mexican-American mothers. Responses to five hypothetical situations involving child misconduct were used to measure disciplinary practices, and responses to three vignettes involving violence against children were used to measure attitudes toward child maltreatment. Between-group differences showed that foreign-born mothers were more likely than native-born mothers to use the disciplinary practices of spanking and verbal reasoning. However, within-group analyses showed that for both groups of mothers prohibiting their child firom watching TVor playing with afriend was preferred over spanking as a disciplinary practice. There were only minor differences between both groups of mothers in their attitudes toward child maltreatment. In addition, spanking and attitudes toward child maltreatment were positively correlated for foreign-born mothers. Results were discussed in terms of the impact of acculturation, and suggestions for future research were offered.
Transactional memory support in the IBM POWER8 processor

With multi-core processors, parallel programming has taken on greater importance. Traditional parallel programming techniques based on critical sections controlled by locking have several well-known drawbacks. To allow for more efficient parallel programming with higher performance, the IBM POWER8™ processor implements a hardware transactional memory facility. Transactional memory allows groups of load and store operations to execute and commit as a single atomic unit without the use of traditional locks, thereby improving performance and simplifying the parallel programming model. The POWER8 transactional memory facility provides a robust capability to execute transactions that can survive interrupts. It also allows non-speculative accesses within transactions, which facilitates debugging and thread-level speculation. Unique challenges caused by implementing transactional memory on top of the Power ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) weakly consistent memory model are addressed. We detail the Power ISA transactional memory architecture, the POWER8 implementation of this architecture, and two practical uses of this architecture—Transactional Lock Elision (TLE) and Thread-Level Speculation (TLS)—and provide performance results for these uses.
Reporting Palestinian casualties in the Israeli press: the case of Haaretz and the Intifada

This article examines how the Israeli quality daily newspaper Haaretz reported Palestinian casualties during the first year of the Palestinian uprising. While Palestinian casualties received few headlines and were reported on the inner pages, Haaretz did not ignore them and, unlike the other major Hebrew newspapers, reported their numbers consistently and reliably. Palestinian casualties, however, were reported as people killed in the course of armed clashes, although the majority of those injured and killed by military fire were in reality unarmed civilians. The newspaper accepted the dominant assumptions and definitions of reality, according to which the Israeli army was forced to react to the escalation in Palestinian violence, but ignored the causal link between the Israeli reaction and the Palestinian behaviour. The wide use of the phrase “killed in clashes” to describe the Palestinian deaths, along with the emphasis placed on those events in which armed Palestinians were killed, legitimated the high number of civilian casualties and contributed to the construction of the uprising as an armed conflict justifiably oppressed by military means.
Abnormal spatiotemporal processing of emotional facial expressions in childhood autism: dipole source analysis of event‐related potentials

Previous studies of face processing in autism suggest abnormalities in anatomical development, functioning and connectivity/coordination of distributed brain systems involved in social cognition, but the spatial sequence and time course of rapid (sub‐second) neural responses to emotional facial expressions have not been examined in detail. Source analysis of high‐density event‐related potentials (ERPs) is an optimal means to examine both the precise temporal profile and spatial location of early electrical brain activity in response to emotionally salient stimuli. Therefore, we recorded 128‐channel ERPs from high‐functioning males with autism (aged 6–10 years), and age‐, sex‐ and IQ‐matched typically developing controls during explicit and implicit processing of emotion from pictures showing happy, angry, fearful, sad and neutral facial expressions. Children with autism showed normal patterns of behavioural and ERP (P1, N170 and P2) responses. However, dipole source analysis revealed that ERP responses relating to face detection (visual cortex) and configural processing of faces (fusiform gyrus), as well as mental state decoding (medial prefrontal lobe), were significantly weaker and/or slower in autism compared with controls during both explicit and implicit emotion‐processing tasks. Slower‐ and larger‐amplitude ERP source activity in the parietal somatosensory cortices possibly reflected more effortful compensatory analytical strategies used by the autism group to process facial gender and emotion. Such aberrant neurophysiological processing of facial emotion observed in children with autism within the first 300 ms of stimulus presentation suggests abnormal cortical specialization within social brain networks, which would likely disrupt the development of normal social‐cognitive skills.
Effects of Gender, Mathematics Anxiety and Achievement Motivation on College Students’ Achievement in Mathematics

The urge to excel or perform maximally in mathematics varies from individual to individual because achievement motivation is often developed or learnt during socialization and learning experiences. The study examined the relationship between College of Education students’ achievement motivation and mathematics achievement, correlation coefficient between mathematics anxiety and college students’ achievement motivation as well as mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement. The sample, 268 College of Education students offering mathematics as one of their subject combination, was selected using purposive sampling techniques. Three research instruments namely: Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS), Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS) and Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) were used to collect data for the study. Data collected for the study were analyzed using correlational analysis and ANOVA. The results showed that a significantly low negative correlation coefficient existed between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement. There is a negative and significant correlation coefficient between mathematics anxiety and achievement motivation. Similarly, a positive and significant correlation coefficient also exists between achievement motivation and mathematics achievement. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should adopt activity based strategies and conducive learning environment in order to reduce college students’ anxieties in mathematics learning.
The Effects of Sport Participation on Individuals With Mental Retardation

This study compared individuals with mental retardation participating in either a traditional segregated Special Olympic program or the new Unified Special Olympic program, which is integrated. The dependent variables of the study included self-perceptions of physical ability, social skills, and general self-worth. Actual physical abilities were also compared between the two groups. A control group not participating in sport programs was utilized. Self-perceptions were assessed with a modified version of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1982). Cardiovascular fitness was estimated with the 1-mi run-walk (AAHPERD, 1984). Sport skills were assessed by use of a standard skills test routinely used for team placement by Special Olympics. Unified athletes demonstrated an increase in social self-perception, which remained unchanged in the traditional athletes. There were no significant increases found in self-perceptions of physical and general self-worth for either the traditional or Unified .
Beliefs about self and about gender groups: Interactive effects on the spatial performance of women

Projection of own characteristics onto an in-group, internalization of in-group characteristics into self-conceptions, and the implications of these two processes for one type of cognitive performance among women (spatial skill) were examined. Focus on gender or self and expected method of performance evaluation (male-female comparison or individual comparison [IC]) were varied before high- and low-self-esteem (SE) women completed a spatial performance test. The manipulations and the SE grouping factor interacted to influence spatial skill scores significantly. The results are interpreted as indicating situationally induced self- and group stereotype influences on manifest spatial skill.
BASS Net: Band-Adaptive Spectral-Spatial Feature Learning Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Deep learning based land cover classification algorithms have recently been proposed in the literature. In hyperspectral images (HSIs), they face the challenges of large dimensionality, spatial variability of spectral signatures, and scarcity of labeled data. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture that extracts band specific spectral-spatial features and performs land cover classification. The architecture has fewer independent connection weights and thus requires fewer training samples. The method is found to outperform the highest reported accuracies on popular HSI data sets.
Gender Difference in the Motives for the Use of Facebook

Young people as active users of Facebook risk becoming Facebook addicts, neglecting study and professional development. For successful prevention of Facebook addiction the motives of Facebook use should be studied. Current study aimed at revealing gender differences in the motives for the use of Facebook. 150 female (Group 1) and 150 male (Group 2) university students were asked to rate the importance of each of the given motives on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all important) to 5 (very important). The total of maximal rate, as well as, percentage of actual rating for each motive was calculated. Gender differences were observed in these motives: Passing time: 35.3% - Group 1, 51 % - Group 2; Making new relationships: 44% - Group 1, 61.2 % - in Group 2; Maintaining contact with friends: 90.5 - Group 1, 80.9% – Group 2; Uploading pictures: 57.7% - Group 1, 35.1% - Group 2. Statistical processing of data obtained confirmed the gender difference in the motives of the use of Facebook: females give preference to contacting existing friends and uploading pictures, while males prefer making new relationships and passing time.
Financing Education in Transitional Societies: Lessons from Russia and China

Recent years have brought emerging theoretical propositions about the nature of educational change in societies undergoing transition from socialism to market economies. Focusing particularly on the financing of education, this article examines patterns in Russia and China in the light of this literature. It shows that although transitions in the two countries have displayed major differences, they have also displayed significant similarities. These similarities have been evident despite the fact that changes in Russia and China have been made independently of each other. This has largely been because of the impact of market forces, though it has also reflected broader forces of globalisation.
ffects of transcranial direct current stimulation on craving , eart-rate variability and prefrontal hemodynamics during smoking ue exposure

Objective: Drug-related cue exposure elicits craving and risk for relapse during recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a promising research tool and possible treatment for relapse prevention. Enhanced functional neuroconnectivity is discussed as a treatment target. The goal of this research was to examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation affected cortical hemodynamic indicators of functional connectivity, craving, and heart rate variability during smoking-related cue exposure in non-treatment-seeking smokers. Method: In vivo smoking cue exposure supported by a 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation (anode: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cathode: orbitofrontal cortex; placebo-controlled, randomized, doubleblind) in 29 (age: M = 25, SD = 5) German university students (smoking at least once a week). Cue reactivity was assessed on an autonomous (heart rate variability) and a subjective level (craving ratings). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy measured changes in the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin, and seed-based correlation analysis was used to quantify prefrontal connectivity of brain regions involved in cue reactivity. Results: Cue exposure elicited increased subjective craving and heart rate variability changes in smokers. Connectivity between the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was increased in subjects receiving verum compared to placebo stimulation (d = 0.66). Hemodynamics in the left dorsolateral pre2 frontal cortex, however, increased in the group receiving sham stimulation ( = 0.140). Transcranial direct current stimulation did not significantly alter craving or heart rate variability during cue exposure. Conclusion: Prefrontal connectivity – between regions involved in the processing of reinforcement value and cognitive control – was increased by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation during smoking cue exposure. Possible clinical implications should be considered in future studies. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Adaptive Remodeling of the Bacterial Proteome by Specific Ribosomal Modification Regulates Pseudomonas Infection and Niche Colonisation

Post-transcriptional control of protein abundance is a highly important, underexplored regulatory process by which organisms respond to their environments. Here we describe an important and previously unidentified regulatory pathway involving the ribosomal modification protein RimK, its regulator proteins RimA and RimB, and the widespread bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (cdG). Disruption of rimK affects motility and surface attachment in pathogenic and commensal Pseudomonas species, with rimK deletion significantly compromising rhizosphere colonisation by the commensal soil bacterium P. fluorescens, and plant infection by the pathogens P. syringae and P. aeruginosa. RimK functions as an ATP-dependent glutamyl ligase, adding glutamate residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein RpsF and inducing specific effects on both ribosome protein complement and function. Deletion of rimK in P. fluorescens leads to markedly reduced levels of multiple ribosomal proteins, and also of the key translational regulator Hfq. In turn, reduced Hfq levels induce specific downstream proteomic changes, with significant increases in multiple ABC transporters, stress response proteins and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases seen for both ΔrimK and Δhfq mutants. The activity of RimK is itself controlled by interactions with RimA, RimB and cdG. We propose that control of RimK activity represents a novel regulatory mechanism that dynamically influences interactions between bacteria and their hosts; translating environmental pressures into dynamic ribosomal changes, and consequently to an adaptive remodeling of the bacterial proteome.