Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Permeability of Fibrous Porous Media Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method in Conjuction with Coarse Numerical Lattices

In this study the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate Stokes flow through unimodal fibrous porous media. A systematic analysis is carried out to determine the suitability of the LBM to predict the permeability of such porous media using relatively coarse numerical lattices. The discretization of fibres using the LBM is discussed in detail with respect to the introduced errors. Subsequently the LBM is calibrated with the aim of compensating for the dominant error terms. For this purpose, simulations of the flow through simple square arrays of parallel cylinders are carried out for fibre-discretizations up to a radius of six lattice units and for solid volume fractions (SVFs) ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The results obtained are compared to literature data to obtain an estimate for the dominant error terms. Employing the idea of an effective hydrodynamic radius, the error estimates can be taken into account when modeling fibrous porous media. To assess the suitability of this approach, computations for the flow through random arrays of parallel fibres and for random disordered fibrous media are carried out and the predicted permeabilities are compared with literature data. For small SVF, ￻ 0.2, the LBM predictions are found to agree well with literature data even for very coarse lattices. At higher SVF the accuracy of the method quickly deteriorates.
Constitutive Signaling of the Human Cytomegalovirus-encoded Chemokine Receptor US28*

Previously it was shown that the HHV-8-encoded chemokine receptor ORF74 shows considerable agonist-independent, constitutive activity giving rise to oncogenic transformation (Arvanitakis, L., Geras-Raaka, E., Varma, A., Gershengorn, M. C., and Cesarman, E. (1997) Nature 385, 347–350). In this study we report that a second viral-encoded chemokine receptor, the human cytomegalovirus-encoded US28, also efficiently signals in an agonist-independent manner. Transient expression of US28 in COS-7 cells leads to the constitutive activation of phospholipase C and NF-κB signaling via Gq/11 protein-dependent pathways. Whereas phospholipase C activation is mediated via Gαq/11 subunits, the activation of NF-κB strongly depends on βγ subunits with a preference for the β2γ1 dimer. The CC chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation, normalT cell expressed andsecreted) and MCP-1 (monocytechemotactic protein-1) act as neutral antagonists at US28, whereas the CX3C chemokine fractalkine acts as a partial inverse agonist with IC50values of 1–5 nm. Our data suggest that a high level of constitutive activity might be a more general characteristic of viral G protein-coupled receptors and that human cytomegalovirus might exploit this G protein-coupled receptor property to modulate the homeostasis of infected cells via the early gene product US28.
Intravascular photoacoustic imaging at 35 and 80 MHz

Abstract. The catheter-based intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging for diagnosing atherosclerosis, which can provide optical absorption contrast of the arterial wall besides acoustic scattering contrast from the conventional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging, has been intensively researched recently. The resolution of IVPA is determined by the frequency bandwidth of an ultrasonic transducer. Higher resolution can be achieved by increasing the transducer’s working frequency and bandwidth. We introduce IVPA imaging at 35 and 80 MHz by using newly designed integrated IVUS/IVPA probes. This is the first time IVPA has been achieved as high as 80 MHz. Six-micrometer tungsten wires were imaged to evaluate the probes’ spatial resolutions and beam patterns. Healthy rabbit aorta was imaged in vitro. Imaging results show that IVPA has superior contrast over IVUS in identifying the arterial wall, and IVPA at 80 MHz demonstrates extraordinary resolution (35 μm) compared to 35 MHz.
Prevalence of diplopia related to cataract surgery among cases of diplopia.

PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of diplopia in Greece after cataract surgery among diplopia cases. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 571 patients with diplopia over an 8-year period in order to evaluate the prevalence of diplopia related to cataract surgery. The surgical and anesthetic records were also reviewed. All patients had full orthoptic assessment including prisms with cover test in all gaze positions. The chi-square and cross-tabulation statistical tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Thirty-nine cases (6.8%) were having persistent diplopia related to cataract surgery. Type of anesthesia was peribulbar. Hyaluronidase was not used. Thirteen patients were men and 26 were women. Left eyes were involved in 22 cases (56.4%), right in 17 cases (43.6%). Mean age was 72.5 years. Patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 consisted of 29 patients related to surgical trauma due to anesthesia. Group 2 consisted of 7 patients related to pre-existing disorders. Group 3 consisted of 2 patients related to aniseikonia or anisometropia. Group 4 with 1 patient related to macular pathology. Vertical diplopia was mostly noted (28 cases). Twenty-nine patients were corrected with prisms, 9 needed strabismus surgery, and 1 needed both surgery and prisms. CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgery is not a common cause of persistent diplopia. However, this report highlights that prevalence of diplopia related to cataract is high among cases of diplopia in general, with diplopia being mostly vertical (p=0.001), affecting females (p=0.006), and being more common in left eyes, although results did not reach statistical significance (p=0.133).
Overcoming Correlational Pitfalls

Do people need to explicitly encode conditioned stimuli–unconditioned stimuli (CS–US) pairings for evaluative conditioning (EC) effects to emerge? Despite the large number of studies that addressed this issue, no simple answer has emerged yet. In part, this is due to the relative lack of experimental evidence for the role of awareness of the CS–US contingency at encoding in EC. In the present experiment, participants’ encoding of the CS–US pairings was experimentally manipulated by relying on foveal and parafoveal presentations of the CSs. More specifically, spatial locations (i.e., foveal vs. parafoveal) of the CSs and US valence (i.e., positive vs. negative) were manipulated within participants, and CS–US pairings were counterbalanced across participants. Results reveal explicit encoding of the CSs and EC effects for the foveal CS presentations only. We discuss the implications of these experimental findings for the associative and propositional approach to EC.
Simulation Study of TCP in Overload

We study through simulations the transient performance deterioration on an overloaded link and compare the results with the processor sharing model. We find many similarities. The performance depends essentially on the load and on the distribution of flow sizes. Moreover the distribution of sizes observed on public networks leads to a very slow degradation. The number of active flows and the sojourn times increase linearly. We also observe that the link capacities has a small impact. These results are independent of usual TCP releases and they are due to the relatively fair bandwidth sharing between connections. This may allow acceptable waiting times for short transfers during overloads lasting many tens of minutes. We however notice some differences. The arrival process has a low but non negligible influence on TCP simulations. More important are the worse performance and the slow convergence of the dispersion of sojourn times
Relationships of retrospective and prospective reports of premenstrual depressive change to pathological indicators, menstrual attitudes, attributional style, and stress

Research investigating relationships between premenstrual symptomatology and psychological variables has typically studied either women who provide unsubstantiated complaints of premenstrual symptomatology, in endeavours to suggest causal relationships between feminine attitudes or personality style and premenstrual symptomatology, or women in general . (without 4 regard for actual complaints of symptomatology) in attempts to suggest a stereotypical or . -attributional style basis to the perception of premenstrual symptomatology. The present research
N‐SUBSTITUTED CHOLINE ANALOGUES AS SUBSTRATES FOR CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE

Abstract— Alkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl and pyridiniumalkyl derivatives of choline were studied as substrates for choline acetyltransferase from bovine brain. When one methyl group of choline was replaced by an ethyl group, pKm (negative logarithm of apparent Km) decreased, whereas Vmax was not significantly changed in comparison with choline. The n‐propyl derivative showed an even lower pKm with unchanged Vmax Further elongation of the n‐alkyl chain had little effect on the substrate parameters until the n‐decyl derivative was reached, when a pronounced decrease of Vmax occurred. The highest n‐alkyl homologue studied, n‐pentadecyl choline, was a very poor substrate. Phenylcholine was also a poor substrate, but introduction of an alkyl chain between the phenyl group and the quaternary nitrogen resulted in compounds with better substrate properties, although they were still inferior to choline. The lowest homologue of the pyridiniumalkyl cholines studied, pyridiniumpropylcholine, had a very low pKm and a lower Vm in comparison with choline. Increasing the chain length of the alkyl residue resulted in an increase of pKm, whereas Vmax was little affected. The results demonstrate that replacement of one methyl group of choline with a more bulky substituent resulted in impaired substrate properties, presumably due to steric effects. No evidence was obtained for hydrophobic interactions between the enzyme and non‐polar substituents in the choline analogues studied.
Discovering association rules based on image content

Our focus for data mining in the paper is concerned with knowledge discovery in image databases. We present a data mining algorithm to find association rules in 2-dimensional color images. The algorithm has four major steps: feature extraction, object identification, auxiliary image creation and object mining. Our emphasis is on data mining of image content without the use of auxiliary domain knowledge. The purpose of our experiments is to explore the feasibility of this approach. A synthetic image set containing geometric shapes was generated to test our initial algorithm implementation. Our experimental results show that there is promise in image mining based on content. We compare these results against the rules obtained from manually identifying the shapes. We analyze the reasons for discrepancies. We also suggest directions for future work.
The Role of Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Regulation of Craving by Reappraisal in Smokers

Rationale and Objective Drug cues can induce craving for drugs of abuse. Dysfunctional regulation of emotion and motivation regarding rewarding objects appears to be an integral part of addiction. It has been found that cognitive strategies decreased the intensity of craving in addicts. Reappraisal strategy is a type of cognitive strategy that requires participants to reinterpret the meaning of an emotional situation. In addition, studies have found that activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is associated with the selection and application of cognitive reappraisal. In present study, we sought to determine whether such cognitive regulation engages the dACC and improves inhibition of craving in smokers. Methods Sixteen smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a cigarette reward-conditioning procedure with cognitive reappraisal. We focused our analyses on the dACC as a key structure of cognitive control of craving. Cue induced craving under different conditions was obtained. Correlational analysis between the functional response in the dACC and the subjective craving was performed. Results We found that using a cognitive reappraisal was successful in decreasing the conditioned craving. Right dACC (BA 24/32) engaged in the cognitive reappraisal. In addition, the individual’s subjective craving was negatively correlated with the right dACC activation. Conclusions These findings suggest that the dACC are important substrates of Inhibition of cue induced craving in smokers. Cognitive regulation by cognitive reappraisal may help addicted individuals avoid the anticipated situations where they are exposed to conditioned cues.
Equality for people with disabilities in the workplace : an overview of the emergence of disability as a human rights issue

Gelykheid vir persone met gestremdhede in die werkplek : 'n oorsig van die verskyning van gestremdheid as 'n menseregte-aangeleentheid In hoofsaak ondersoek die artikel die ontwikkeling van gestremdheid as 'n menseregteaangeleentheid met 'n besondere beklemtoning van gelykheid in die werkplek. Daar word geput uit ontwikkelings wat plaasgevind het op internasionale terrein sowel as in ander jurisdiksies. Deurgaans word daar gepoog om gestremdheid in verband te bring met die Suid-Afrikaanse werkplek. Dit word aan die hand gedoen dat menseregtejurisprudensie traag was om gelykheid as 'n normatiewe instrument in te span om vooroordeel en ongeergdheid in die werksomgewing te oorkom. Gedurende die afgelope ongeveer twee dekades het daar egter 'n paradigmaverskuiwing plaasgevind, met gestremdheid wat as 'n menseregtetema op internasionale en plaaslike vlak ontwikkel het. Die groeiende erkenning van die begrip redelike akkommodasie as 'n meganisme vir die verwerkliking van gelykheid vir mense met gestremdhede in die werkplek, is een van die mees belowende tekens van 'n nuwe benadering tot gestremdheid In essence, the article explores the development of disability as a human rights issue with a particular focus on equality in the workplace. It draws from developments that have been taking place at the international plane as well as in other jurisdictions. Throughout, the article seeks to ultimately relate disability to the South African workplace. It is submitted that human rights jurisprudence has been slow in harnessing equality as a normative tool for overcoming prejudice and indifference in the workplace environment. However, in the last two decades or so, there has been a paradigm shift, with disability emerging as a human rights issue at international and domestic levels. The growing recognition of the concept of reasonable accommodation as a mechanism for realising equality for people with disabilities in the workplace, is one of the most promising signs of a new approach to disability.
Restructuring WordNet ' s Top-Level

ion_1 Attribute Color Chromatic_Color Measure$Quantity$Amount$Quantum Relation_1 Set_5 Space_1 Time_1 Act$Human_Action$Human_Activity Action_1 Activity_1 Forfeit$Forfeiture$Sacrifice Entity$Something Anticipation Causal_Agent$Cause$Causal_Agency Cell_1 Inessential$Nonessential Life_Form$Organism$Being$. Object$Physical_Object Artifact$Artefact Edge_3
Inhibition of plaque and caries formation by a glucan produced by Streptococcus mutans mutant UAB108

A mutant (UAB108) derived from Streptococcus mutans UAB66, a spectinomycin-resistant (Spcr) isolate of strain 6715, inhibited plaque formation when grown with strain 6715 in a sucrose medium and also inhibited caries formation in gnotobiotic rats infected with both strain UAB108 and 6715. A substance obtained from UAB108 culture supernatant fluid after ethanol precipitation and DEAE-cellulose treatment, designated glucan 108, inhibited S. mutans 6715 virulence and was shown to be a water-soluble glucan. In the presence of sucrose and increasing concentrations of glucan 108, the activity of a glucosyltransferase (GTase) preparation from S. mutans 6715 to synthesize adhesive water-insoluble glucan (ad-WIG) was inhibited, and the activity to synthesize non-ad-WIG was stimulated. Glucan 108 similarly inhibited sucrose-dependent adherence of heat-treated cells, was a poor inducer of cell aggregation, and inhibited S. mutans 6715-induced dental caries in gnotobiotic rats. In the presence of GTase, glucan 108, and sucrose, the glucose moiety of sucrose was found to be incorporated into glucan 108, and most of this glucose-incorporated glucan 108 was found in the non-ad-WIG fraction. The mode of inhibition of plaque formation by S. mutans 6715 appears to involve a shift from ad-WIG to non-ad-WIG formation. The water-soluble glucan 108 was found to have an approximate molecular weight of 2 X 10(6) and was hydrolyzed by fungal dextranase to yield glucans with an average molecular weight of about 1.2 X 10(4). This glucan (designated glucan 12k) was further hydrolyzed by bacterial dextranase to yield smaller glucans and oligosaccharides, but was refractile to alpha (1----3) glucanase. These results suggest that glucan 108 is a branched alpha (1----6) glucan, and it is proposed that UAB108 is defective in its ability to polymerize glucan 12k with alpha (1----3)-linked glucosyl residues.
A Process in Which Personal Pedagogical Knowledge Is Created through the Teacher Education Experience.

This study focused on the student teacher's process of becoming a teacher with emphasis on reflective development during training; the kind of development that occurred in student teachers when the reflection ability was consciously promoted; the existence of any differences in reflective ability between the different year courses (1-3) and between those who were reflective or non-reflective at the beginning of schooling; and contextual factors, such as staff collaboration, that affect development. Written and verbal responses of the student teachers were collected through personal histories, narrative inquiry, dialogue journals, and small and large group dialogue. The results of the personal and professional development of the student teachers are preliminary, and the study in question is a follow-up study. Their personal and professional development increased through several routes affected by an increase in knowledge, reflective dialogue in groups, research assignments, and the availabiliiy of role models. There was a need for using different teaching methods in order to progress through the process of integrating personal and professional knowledge. Pointing out earlier dysfunctional beliefs when the student teachers were moving toward independent study promoted change in beliefs. The way the group interview was conducted greatly affected student development. Three tables present the results of the inquiry. An appendix outlining the sequence of methods in this research is included. (Contains 13 references.) (CK) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original dociment. *********************************************************************** SINIKKA OJANEN, Professor, PhD The University of Joensuu, Savonlinna Department of Teacher Education P.O. Box 55, FIN-57101 Savonlinna 57101 Finland Ms. IMPARTMENT Of EDUCATION °Mc* of Educatmnal Rematch and Impfoviremnt EDucATIONAL REsouRcEs INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) o This documant has bags marts:lucid as rfactuvad from dm parson or organization ofipinatinq it 0 Minor changes Mum Men mad* to morose rOroduction quality Pornts of vow or °potions statist( in this document do not oacmanty rispresent official OERI position or policy PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 0 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) A PROCESS IN WHICH PERSONAL PEDAGOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IS CREATED THROUGH THE TEACHER EDUCATION EXPERIENCE Presentation at the International Conference in Teacher Education, June 1993, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Thermodynamics of stochastic Turing machines

In analogy to Brownian computers we explicitly show how to construct stochastic models which mimic the behavior of a general-purpose computer (a Turing machine). Our models are discrete state systems obeying a Markovian master equation, which are logically reversible and have a well-defined and consistent thermodynamic interpretation. The resulting master equation, which describes a simple one-step process on an enormously large state space, allows us to thoroughly investigate the thermodynamics of computation for this situation. Especially in the stationary regime we can well approximate the master equation by a simple Fokker-Planck equation in one dimension. We then show that the entropy production rate at steady state can be made arbitrarily small, but the total (integrated) entropy production is finite and grows logarithmically with the number of computational steps.
Language differentiation in early bilingual development

ABSTRACT It has been claimed that children simultaneously acquiring two languages go through an initial stage when they are unable to differentiate between their two languages. Such claims have been based on the observation that at times virtually all bilingual children mix elements (e.g. lexical, morphological) from their two languages in the same utterance. That most, if not all, children acquiring two languages simultaneously mix linguistic elements in this way is widely documented. Although such code-mixing is not well understood or explained, there are a number of explanations unrelated to lack of language differentiation that may explain it. Moreover, while language differentiation is widely attested among bilingual children once functional categories emerge, usually during the third year, there is still some question as to how early in development differentiation is present. In this study, we examined language differentiation in five bilingual children prior to the emergence of functional categories (they ranged in age from 1;10 to 2;2 and in MLU from 1·23 to 2·08). They were observed with each parent separately and both together, on separate occasions. Our results indicate that while these children did code mix, they were clearly able to differentiate between their two languages. We also examine the possibility that the children's mixing is due to (a) their language dominance, and (b) their parents' rate of mixing. We could find no evidence that their mixing was due to parental input, but there was some evidence that language dominance played a role.
Utilization and Monetization of Healthcare Data in Developing Countries

Abstract In developing countries with fledgling healthcare systems, the efficient deployment of scarce resources is paramount. Comprehensive community health data and machine learning techniques can optimize the allocation of resources to areas, epidemics, or populations most in need of medical aid or services. However, reliable data collection in low-resource settings is challenging due to a wide range of contextual, business-related, communication, and technological factors. Community health workers (CHWs) are trusted community members who deliver basic health education and services to their friends and neighbors. While an increasing number of programs leverage CHWs for last mile data collection, a fundamental challenge to such programs is the lack of tangible incentives for the CHWs. This article describes potential applications of health data in developing countries and reviews the challenges to reliable data collection. Four practical CHW-centric business models that provide incentive and accountability structures to facilitate data collection are presented. Creating and strengthening the data collection infrastructure is a prerequisite for big data scientists, machine learning experts, and public health administrators to ultimately elevate and transform healthcare systems in resource-poor settings.