Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Glycemic Control as a Result of Initial Education for Children With New Onset Type 1 Diabetes

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the role of initial diabetes education delivery at an academic medical center (AMC) versus non-AMCs on long-term glycemic control. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children with type 1 diabetes referred to an AMC after being educated at non-AMCs. These children were matched to a group of children diagnosed and educated as inpatients at an AMC. The A1C levels at 2, 3, and 5 years from diagnosis were compared between the 2 groups of children. Results Records were identified from 138 children. Glycemic control was comparable in the non-AMC-educated versus AMC-educated patients at 2, 3, and 5 years from diagnosis. The A1C was also highly consistent in each patient over time. Conclusions Long-term glycemic control was independent of whether initial education was delivered at an AMC or non-AMC. Formal education and location at time of diagnosis do not appear to play a significant role in long-term glycemic control. Novel educational constructs, focusing on developmental stages of childhood and reeducation over time, are likely more important than education at time of diagnosis.
Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance in China

We investigate the relationship between venture capital (VC) networks and investment performance in China. Distinct features of China's VC networks are captured in our econometric model through the inclusion of an index of network stability and a dummy variable that indicates a VC firm's connections with the Chinese state. Our econometric analysis shows that a VC firm's position in its network, its network stability and close connections with the state all contribute to its investment performance. Comparison with the findings in Hochberg et al. (2007) indicates that networks are more important for investment performance in China than in the US. Moreover, our analysis suggests that familiarity with local culture and customs and understanding of the idiosyncrasies of China's markets and institutions are important for the success of a VC firm in China.
Emergency extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A two‐center experience of incidence, outcome and temporal trends from 2010 to 2015

Although the incidence of periprocedural complications has decreased in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), life‐threatening complications occur and emergency veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) can provide immediate circulatory stabilization. We report our two‐center experience of vaECMO during life‐threatening complications in TAVI.
SampleCNN: End-to-End Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Using Very Small Filters for Music Classification

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been applied to diverse machine learning tasks for different modalities of raw data in an end-to-end fashion. In the audio domain, a raw waveform-based approach has been explored to directly learn hierarchical characteristics of audio. However, the majority of previous studies have limited their model capacity by taking a frame-level structure similar to short-time Fourier transforms. We previously proposed a CNN architecture which learns representations using sample-level filters beyond typical frame-level input representations. The architecture showed comparable performance to the spectrogram-based CNN model in music auto-tagging. In this paper, we extend the previous work in three ways. First, considering the sample-level model requires much longer training time, we progressively downsample the input signals and examine how it affects the performance. Second, we extend the model using multi-level and multi-scale feature aggregation technique and subsequently conduct transfer learning for several music classification tasks. Finally, we visualize filters learned by the sample-level CNN in each layer to identify hierarchically learned features and show that they are sensitive to log-scaled frequency.
Strategic Silence , Insider Selling and Litigation Risk

Prior work finds that managers beneficially time their purchases, but not sales, prior to forecasts. Focusing on if (as opposed to when) a forecast is given, we link insider selling to silence in advance of earnings disappointments. This raises the question of whether the absence of incriminating trading drives reductions in litigation risk potentially attributed to warnings. We find that the absence of a warning combined with the presence of selling exacerbates the consequences associated with the individual behaviors. Yet, selling prior to a warning typically does not offset all of the warning׳s benefit. In so doing, we supply the first robust evidence of a litigation benefit associated with warning.
Mental Health, Racial Discrimination, and Tobacco Use Differences Across Rural‐Urban California

OBJECTIVE Disparities in tobacco use persist despite successful policies reducing use within the United States. In particular, the prevalence of tobacco use in rural and certain minority communities is significantly higher compared to that of their counterparts. In this work, we examine the impact of rurality, mental health, and racial discrimination on tobacco use. METHODS Data come from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey (n = 42,044). Modified Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, birth origin, education, income, insurance, and marital status. RESULTS Compared to urban residents, rural residents had a significantly higher risk for smoking after adjustment (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19). Those who reported having experienced racial discrimination also had a significantly greater risk for smoking compared to those who did not (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.27). Additionally, those who reported higher stress had a significantly greater risk for smoking (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-1.67). There was evidence of interaction between rurality and race/ethnicity, and rurality and gender (P < .05). CONCLUSION Residing in rural areas was associated with an increased risk for smoking, above and beyond sociodemographics. There were no significant differences across rural-urban environments for the relationship between stress and tobacco use-an indication that the impact of stress and discrimination is not buffered or exacerbated by environmental characteristics potentially found in either location. Mechanisms that explain rural-urban tobacco use disparities need to be explored, and smoking cessation programs and policies should be tailored to target these factors within rural communities.
The impact of initial statin treatment decisions on cardiovascular outcomes in clinical care settings: estimates using the Archimedes Model

Purpose Many patients treated for dyslipidemia do not achieve recommended cholesterol goals despite the widespread availability of effective statins. Pharmaceutical claims show a strong tendency for patients to remain on their initially assigned treatment. With computer simulations, the impact of initial statin treatment decisions on medium- and long-term cardiovascular outcomes were examined. Patients and methods Using the Archimedes Model, three treatment scenarios were simulated. Patients initiated treatment with simvastatin (20, 40, or 80 mg), atorvastatin (10, 20, 40, or 80 mg), or rosuvastatin (10, 20, or 40 mg), and periodically intensified treatment. The simulated population consisted of 50,025 patients, aged 45–70 years, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol exceeding goal. The proportion of patients initiating each dose was calibrated to United States pharmacy claims. Patients not reaching goal intensified the dose of their current statin or switched to an appropriate dose of rosuvastatin at rates matching pharmacy claims. Biomarkers and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were tracked for 10 years and several high-risk subpopulations were analyzed. Statin models used biomarker effects from the STELLAR (Statin Therapies for Elevated Lipid Levels Compared Across Doses to Rosuvastatin) trial and outcomes data from various trials. Results Initiating therapy with rosuvastatin reduced MACE more than simvastatin or atorvastatin. The 5- year relative risk of MACE was 0.906 (95% confidence interval: 0.888–0.923; P < 0.001) for initial treatment with atorvastatin rather than simvastatin, 0.831 (0.812–0.850; P < 0.001) for rosuvastatin rather than simvastatin, and 0.918 (0.898–0.938; P < 0.001) for rosuvastatin rather than atorvastatin. Subgroups with higher MACE incidence experienced greater absolute benefit. Conclusion Considering observed rates of treatment intensification, initial treatment choices appear to significantly impact medium- and long-term cardiovascular risk. Patients at high cardiovascular risk are good candidates for aggressive initial therapy.
Fermionic projected entangled-pair states and topological phases

We study fermionic matrix product operator algebras and identify the associated algebraic data. Using this algebraic data we construct fermionic tensor network states in two dimensions that have non-trivial symmetry-protected or intrinsic topological order. The tensor network states allow us to relate physical properties of the topological phases to the underlying algebraic data. We illustrate this by calculating defect properties and modular matrices of supercohomology phases. Our formalism also captures Majorana defects as we show explicitly for a class of Z2 symmetry-protected and intrinsic topological phases. The tensor networks states presented here are well-suited for numerical applications and hence open up new possibilities for studying interacting fermionic topological phases.
Technological Forecasting & Social Change Locked into Copenhagen pledges — Implications of short-term emission targets for the cost and feasibility of long-term climate goals

Locked into Copenhagen pledges — Implications of short-term emission targets for the cost and feasibility of long-term climate goals Keywan Riahi ⁎, Elmar Kriegler , Nils Johnson , Christoph Bertram , Michel den Elzen , Jiyong Eom, Michiel Schaeffer , Jae Edmonds , Morna Isaac , Volker Krey , Thomas Longden , Gunnar Luderer , Aurélie Méjean , David L. McCollum , Silvana Mima , Hal Turton , Detlef P. van Vuuren , Kenichi Wada , Valentina Bosetti , Pantelis Capros, Patrick Criqui , Meriem Hamdi-Cherif , Mikiko Kainuma , Ottmar Edenhofer c,p,q
The effect of amine protonation on the electrical properties of spin-assembled single-walled carbon nanotube networks

Amine-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been shown to selectively adsorb semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWNTs). Previous studies have shown that when deposited by spin coating, the resulting nanotube networks (SWNTnts) can be strongly influenced by the charge state of the amine (primary, secondary, and tertiary). When the amine surfaces were exposed to varying pH solutions, the conductivity and overall quality of the resulting fabricated networks were altered. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography had shown that the density of the SWNTnts was reduced as the amine protonation decreased, indicating that the electrostatic attraction between the SWNTs in solution and the surface influenced the adsorption. Simultaneously, μ-Raman analysis had suggested that when exposed to more basic conditions, the resulting networks were enhanced with sc-SWNTs. To directly confirm this enhancement, Ti/Pd contacts were deposited and devices were tested in air. Key device characteristics were found to match the enhancement trends previously observed by spectroscopy. For the primary and secondary amines, on/off current ratios were commensurate with the Raman trends in metallic contribution, while no trends were observed on the tertiary amine (due to weaker interactions). Finally, differing SWNT solution volumes were used to compensate for adsorption differences and yielded identical SWNTnt densities on the various pH-treated samples to eliminate the influence of network density. These results further the understanding of the amine–SWNT interaction during the spin coating process. Overall, we provide a convenient route to provide SWNT-based TFTs with highly tunable electronic charge transport through better understanding of the influence of these specific interactions.
Akinetic mutism following prefrontal injury by an electrical grinder a case report

Rationale: A 72-year-old male had suffered from head trauma resulting from injury to his frontal area by an electrical grinder while working at his home. Patient concerns: He lost consciousness for approximately 10 minutes and experienced continuous post-traumatic amnesia. Diagnoses: He was diagnosed as traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in both frontal lobes, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and underwent decompressive craniectomy and hematoma removal. Interventions: The patient's Glasgow Coma Scale score was 5. At 2 months after onset, when starting rehabilitation, he showed no spontaneous movement or speech; he remained in a lying position all day with no spontaneous activity. Outcomes: On 2-month diffusion tensor tractography, decreased neural connectivity of the caudate nucleus to the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC, Broadmann area [BA]: 10 and 12) and orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11 and 13) was observed in both hemispheres. Lessons: Akinetic mutism following prefrontal injury.
Sensorimotor skills and focal dystonia are linked to putaminal grey-matter volume in pianists

Background Focal hand dystonia has been associated with morphometric changes and distorted somatotopic representations in the putamen. Objective The authors used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify regions in the putamen where grey-matter volume is associated with musician's dystonia (MD) or the skill level of piano playing in professional pianists. Methods In 11 pianists with MD affecting the right hand and 12 healthy pianists without dystonia, the authors performed high-resolution T1-weighted MRI of the brain. The authors also measured the temporal variability of key strokes during scale playing with the right hand to characterise the individual skill level of piano playing. Statistical comparisons of the normalised and smoothed grey-matter maps were performed to test for dystonia and performance-related structural changes in the putamen. Results During scale playing, the timing of consecutive key strokes was more variable in MD patients than in non-dystonic pianists. Regional grey-matter volume in the middle part of left and right putamen increased with timing variability during piano playing in pianists with and without MD. Between-group comparisons revealed that MD patients had a larger grey-matter volume in the right middle putamen compared with healthy musicians. Conclusion In highly trained pianists with and without MD, the volume of the associative motor territory in the middle putamen reflects both the skill level of piano playing and the presence of dystonia. While a smaller volume is associated with better timing skills, a relative expansion is correlated with the presence of focal task-specific hand dystonia.
Gene Selection for Microarray Cancer Data Classification by a Novel Rule-Based Algorithm

Due to the disproportionate difference between the number of genes and samples, microarray data analysis is considered an extremely difficult task in sample classification. Feature selection mitigates this problem by removing irrelevant and redundant genes from data. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for feature selection that aims to detect relevant, non-redundant and interacting genes by analysing the feature value space instead of the feature space. Following this methodology, we also propose a new feature selection algorithm, namely Pavicd (Probabilistic Attribute-Value for Class Distinction). Experiments in fourteen microarray cancer datasets reveal that Pavicd obtains the best performance in terms of running time and classification accuracy when using Ripper-k and C4.5 as classifiers. When using SVM (Support Vector Machine), the Gbc (Genetic Bee Colony) wrapper algorithm gets the best results. However, Pavicd is significantly faster.
Optimization of Tension Absorption of Geosynthetics through Reinforced Slope

A series of direct shear tests were carried out on a sandy soil to evaluate the effect of optimum reinforcement orientation through the geosynthetic reinforced slopes. The main aim of the research was to find out how reinforcement should be installed through the shear box with respect to shear plane and regarding to absorbing maximum tension forces. For finding this optimization angle, a large-scale direct shear box was used. The reinforced soil specimens (30.4 × 30.4 × 15.0 cm) were installed through the shear box in five different forms including 0, 30, 45, 60, 90 degree of reinforcement respect to vertical axis of shear box. Based on the results gained from the research, the optimization angle of reinforcement that both shear displacement and soil dilation have caused the most tension stress in dry sandy soils was between 45 and 60 degree with respect to shear failure plane. It was because of the better interaction of the coarse granular soils with geogrid apertures. Finally, a series of two-dimensional finite element simulations were carried out using the results of optimum direction to describe the behavior of reinforced slope under different reinforcement directions with respect to shear failure plane.
“It’s Not All About My Baby’s Sleep”: A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Low-Income African American Mothers’ Sleep Quality

Low-income African American mothers are at particular risk for poor postpartum sleep. This study sought to understand facilitators and barriers that exist to getting a good night’s sleep among these high-risk mothers. Semistructured interviews with 18 low-income African Americans (3–6 months postpartum) were conducted. Most mothers described their own sleep quality to be poor, despite the fact that their babies’ sleep improved substantially from the newborn period. Mothers kept themselves awake due to their own internal worry and anxiety, along with external factors that were largely independent of babies’ sleep, including work and school commitments and the home environment. For the few mothers with good sleep quality, time management and family support were strong facilitators. Findings lay the groundwork for sleep improvement interventions.
Evolution of the canid brain.

Endocranial casts of 12 genera of extinctcanids, covering a time span of 30 million years, and of all living canid genera provide information on brain evolution in that carnivoran family. The oldest canid brains had only suprasylvian and coronolateral sulci, a widely exposed cerebellum with a straight posterior vermis, a high rhinal fissure and a strikingly undeveloped frontal lobe. By 25 million years ago, ectosylvian, ectolateral and presylvian sulci had appeared, and by about 12 million years ago, a Sylvian sulcus had developed, expansion of the temporal lobe and of orbital and sigmoid gyri was noticeable, and lobule VII of the cerebellar vermis had enlarged and twisted in the line leading to modern canids. Ansate, postcruciate and cruciate sulci developed along with the expansion of the sigmoid gyri. Canid brains 15–30 million years old average slightly smaller relative to body size than do modern canid brains, while later fossil canid brains are about the same relative size as modern ones. Modern canid brains are relatively uniform in external morphology, differing mainly in the relative size of the prorean gyrus.
Clinical evaluation of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia

Zaleplon is a pyrazolopyrimidine hypnotic used for the treatment of insomnia. Zaleplon binds preferentially at the α1β2γ2 subunit of gamma aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in the central nervous system, and has a half-life of about one hour. Efficacy studies show that zaleplon is a suitable hypnotic for sleep initiation purposes. However, because of its short half-life, zaleplon is less effective in sleep maintenance when compared with other hypnotics. Nevertheless, zaleplon does increase total sleep time. No rebound effects are observed after treatment discontinuation. The use of zaleplon is relatively safe. Adverse effects are mild and of short duration. No important interactions have been reported, and there is no evidence of abuse potential. Relative to benzodiazepine hypnotics, the biggest advantage of zaleplon is that current evidence suggests it does not produce residual next-day effects. As early as four hours after intake of zaleplon, no effects on cognitive, memory, psychomotor performance, and the ability to drive a car have been reported. Future studies should confirm these findings, and comparisons with new nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics should determine the importance of zaleplon in the future treatment of insomnia.
Inverse Associations between a Locally Validated Mediterranean Diet Index, Overweight/Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chilean Adults

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are key risk factors for chronic disease. Dietary patterns are critical in the incidence and persistence of obesity and MetS, yet there is few data linking diet to obesity and MetS in Chile. Our objective was to use a locally validated diet index to evaluate adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and its correlations with overweight/obesity (OW/O) and MetS prevalence in Chilean adults. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional online survey of Chilean adults with complete self-reported diet and body mass index data (n = 24,882). A subsample of 4348 users (17.5%) had valid MetS data. An inverse association was observed between adherence to Mediterranean diet and OW/O and MetS prevalence. As diet quality decreased from healthy, to moderately-healthy, to unhealthy, prevalence increased from 44.8, 51.1, to 60.9% for OW/O and from 13.4, 18.5, to 28.9% for MetS (p-values < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for OW/O and MetS were significantly higher in moderately-healthy (OR = 1.58 and 1.54) and unhealthy (OR = 2.20 and 2.49, respectively) diet groups in comparison to the healthy diet group. This study represents the first report on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and chronic disease risk in Chile. It suggests that the Mediterranean diet may be applied to manage chronic disease risk beyond the Mediterranean basin.
Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Task-Oriented Mirror Therapy Training on Hand Rehabilitation of Acute Stroke Patients

Background Impairments of hand function make it difficult to perform daily life activities and to return to work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) combined with task-oriented mirror therapy (TOMT) on hand rehabilitation in acute stroke patients. Material/Methods Twenty subacute stroke patients in the initial stages (<3 months) participated in the study. Subjects were allocated to 2 groups: the experimental group received HF-rTMS + TOMT and the control group received HF-rTMS. TOMT training was conducted in 10 sessions over 2 weeks for 30 min. rTMS was applied at a 20 Hz frequency over the hand motor area in the cortex of the affected hemisphere for 15 min. Outcomes, including motor-evoked potential (MEP), pinch grip, hand grip, and box and block test, were measured before and after training. Results Significant improvements in the MEP and hand function variables were observed in both groups (p<0.05). In particular, hand functions (pinch grip and box and block test) were significantly different between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusions HF-rTMS combined with TOMT had a positive effect on hand function and can be used for the rehabilitation of precise hand movements in acute stroke patients.