Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-Order Rewritability of Atomic Queries in Horn Description Logics

One of the most advanced approaches to querying data in the presence of ontologies is to make use of relational database systems, rewriting the original query and the ontology into a new query that is formulated in SQL or, equivalently, in first-order logic (FO). For ontologies written in many standard description logics (DLs), however, such FO-rewritings are not guaranteed to exist. We study FO-rewritings and their existence for a basic class of queries and for ontologies formulated in Horn DLs such as Horn-SHI and EL. Our results include characterizations of the existence of FO-rewritings, tight complexity bounds for deciding whether an FO-rewriting exists (EXPTIME and PSPACE), and tight bounds on the (worst-case) size of FO-rewritings, when presented as a union of conjunctive queries.
Exploring Parent-Adolescent Conflict: An Examination of Correlates and Longitudinal Predictors in Early Adolescence

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The Heme Oxygenase System Selectively Enhances the Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage-M2 Phenotype, Reduces Pericardial Adiposity, and Ameliorated Cardiac Injury in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Cardiac function is adversely affected by pericardial adiposity. We investigated the effects of the heme oxygenase (HO) inducer, hemin on pericardial adiposity, macrophage polarization, and diabetic cardiopathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDFs) with use of echocardiographic, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassay, and spectrophotometric analysis. In ZDFs, hemin administration increased HO activity; normalized glycemia; potentiated insulin signaling by enhancing insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt; suppressed pericardial adiposity, cardiac hypertrophy, and left ventricular longitudinal muscle fiber thickness, a pathophysiological feature of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; and correspondingly reduced systolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, and pro-inflammatory/oxidative mediators, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), cJNK, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (cJNK), endothelin (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)–6, IL-1β, activating protein 1 (AP-1), and 8-isoprostane, whereas the HO inhibitor, stannous mesoporphyrin, nullified the effects. Furthermore, hemin reduced the pro-inflammatory macrophage M1 phenotype, but enhanced the M2 phenotype that dampens inflammation. Because NF-κB activates TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β and TNF-α, cJNK, and AP-1 impair insulin signaling, the high levels of these cytokines in obesity/diabetes would create a vicious cycle that, together with 8-isoprostane and ET-1, exacerbates cardiac injury, compromising cardiac function. Therefore, the concomitant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration coupled to increased expressions of IRS-1, PI3K, and PKB may account for enhanced glucose metabolism and amelioration of cardiac injury and function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The hemin-induced preferential polarization of macrophages toward anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 phenotype in cardiac tissue with concomitant suppression of pericardial adiposity in ZDFs are novel findings. These data unveil the benefits of hemin against pericardial adiposity, impaired insulin signaling, and diabetic cardiomyopathy and suggest that its multifaceted protective mechanisms include the suppression of inflammatory/oxidative mediators.
Modeling and Experimental Analysis on the Temperature Response of AlN-Film Based SAWRs

The temperature responses of aluminum nitride (AlN) based surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) are modeled and tested. The modeling of the electrical performance is based on a modified equivalent circuit model introduced in this work. For SAWR consisting of piezoelectric film and semiconducting substrate, parasitic parameters from the substrate is taken into consideration for the modeling. By utilizing the modified model, the high temperature electrical performance of the AlN/Si and AlN/6H-SiC based SAWRs can be predicted, indicating that a substrate with a wider band gap will lead to a more stable high temperature behavior, which is further confirmed experimentally by high temperature testing from 300 K to 725 K with SAWRs having a wavelength of 12 μm. Temperature responses of SAWR’s center frequency are also calculated and tested, with experimental temperature coefficient factors (TCF) of center frequency being −29 ppm/K and −26 ppm/K for the AlN/Si and AlN/6H-SiC based SAWRs, which are close to the predicted values.
Tensile properties and morphology of blends of polyethylene and polypropylene

The tensile behavior of blends of linear polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (PP) was examined in relation to their morphology. Yield stress increases monotonically with increasing PP content, while true ultimate strength is much lower in all blends than in the pure polymers as a result of early fracture. The blends fail at low elongation because of their two-phase structure, consisting of interpenetrating networks or of islands of PE in a PP matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces and transmission electron microscopy of thin films. While spherulites in PP are very large (∼100 μm in diameter), addition of 10% or more of PE drastically reduces their average size. This, together with the profusion of intercrystalline links introduced by PE, may be associated with maximization of tensile modulus in blends containing ∼80% PP. Introduction of special nucleating agents to PP reduces average spherulite size and is accompanied by slight improvements in modulus. Thin films of blends strained in the electron microscope neck and fibrillate in their PE regions, but fracture cleanly with little fibrillation in areas of PP.
An Amino-Terminal Polo Kinase Interaction Motif Acts in the Regulation of Centrosome Formation and Reveals a Novel Function for centrosomin (cnn) in Drosophila

The formation of the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) and a fully functional centrosome in syncytial Drosophila melanogaster embryos requires the rapid transport of Cnn during initiation of the centrosome replication cycle. We show a Cnn and Polo kinase interaction is apparently required during embryogenesis and involves the exon 1A-initiating coding exon, suggesting a subset of Cnn splice variants is regulated by Polo kinase. During PCM formation exon 1A Cnn-Long Form proteins likely bind Polo kinase before phosphorylation by Polo for Cnn transport to the centrosome. Loss of either of these interactions in a portion of the total Cnn protein pool is sufficient to remove native Cnn from the pool, thereby altering the normal localization dynamics of Cnn to the PCM. Additionally, Cnn-Short Form proteins are required for polar body formation, a process known to require Polo kinase after the completion of meiosis. Exon 1A Cnn-LF and Cnn-SF proteins, in conjunction with Polo kinase, are required at the completion of meiosis and for the formation of functional centrosomes during early embryogenesis.
Polymorphism rs4934 of SERPINA3 and Sporadic Intracranial Aneurysms in the Chinese Population

Background: Serine protease inhibitor member 3 of clade A (SERPINA3) has been shown as a risk factor for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a Polish population. In the present study, the authors investigated the correlation between the rs4934 polymorphism of SERPINA3 and sporadic intracranial aneurysms in Chinese patients. Methods: The rs4934 polymorphism of SERPINA3 was identified by PCR and Taqman MGB probe analysis in genomic DNA from 275 patients with sporadic intracranial aneurysms (mean age 50.83 ± 10.78 years) and 361 control participants (mean age 53.21 ± 10.81 years). Differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between the patient and control groups were evaluated with the χ2 test. Results: No significant difference was found in either the genotype distribution or allelic frequencies of SERPINA3 between patients and controls. Conclusions: The rs4934 polymorphism of SERPINA3 is not associated with sporadic intracranial aneurysms among individuals of Chinese Han ethnicity.
Performance Analysis of a Device-to-Device Offloading Scheme in a Vehicular Network Environment

We consider a scheme for offloading the delivery of contents to mobile devices in a vehicular networking scenario. Each content can be delivered to the requesting device either by a neighboring device or, at the expiration of a maximum delay, by the network infrastructure nodes. We compute the analytical expression of the probability that the content delivery is offloaded through a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as a function of the maximum transmission range allowed for D2D communications, the content popularity, and the vehicles speed. We show that, using the model, it is possible to identify the optimal maximum transmission range, which minimizes the total energy consumption (of the infrastructure plus mobile devices).
Epidemiology of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in China

The prevalence of patients presenting with fatty liver disease (FLD) in China has approximately doubled over the past two decades. At present, FLD, which is typically diagnosed by imaging, is highly prevalent (≈ 27% urban population) in China and is mainly related to obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the percentage of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) among patients with chronic liver diseases in clinic is increasing as well, and a synergetic effect exists between heavy alcohol drinking and obesity in ALD. Prevalence figures reveal regional variations, with a median prevalence of ALD and nonalcoholic FLD (NAFLD) of 4.5% and 15.0%, respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD in children is 2.1%, although the prevalence increases to 68.2% among obese children. With the increasing pandemic of obesity and MetS in the general population, China is likely to harbor an increasing reservoir of patients with FLD. The risk factors for FLD resemble to those of Caucasian counterparts, but the ethnic-specific definitions of obesity and MetS are more useful in assessment of Chinese people. Therefore, FLD/NAFLD has become a most common chronic liver disease in China. Public health interventions are needed to halt the worldwide trend of obesity and alcohol abuse to ameliorate liver injury and to improve metabolic health.
Expression of glycine receptors and gephyrin in rat medial vestibular nuclei and flocculi following unilateral labyrinthectomy

The medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and the cerebellar flocculus have been known to be the key areas involved in vestibular compensation (VC) following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). In this study, we examined the role of gephyrin and glycine receptor (GlyR) in VC using Sprague-Dawley rats, in an aim to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms responsible for VC. The expression of the α1 and β subunits of GlyR and gephyrin was immunohistochemically localized in rat MVN and flocculi. The mRNA and protein expression of GlyR (α1 and β subunits) and gephyrin was quantitatively determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis at 8 h, and at 1, 3 and 7 days following UL. It was found that in the ipsilateral MVN, the mRNA and protein expression of the β subunit of GlyR was significantly increased in comparison to the sham-operated (P<0.01) rats, and in comparison to the contralateral side (P<0.01) at 8 h following UL. In the ipsilateral flocculi, GlyR β protein expression was significantly elevated (P<0.01 for all), as compared to the sham-operated rats at 8 h, and at 1 and 3 days and to the contralateral side 8 h, 1 and 3 days following UL. No significant differences were observed in the mRNA and protein expression of GlyR α1 and gephyrin in the MVN or flocculi between the two sides (ipsilateral and contralateral) in the UL group, and between the sham-operated group and the UL group at any time point. The findings of our study thus suggest that GlyR plays a major role in the recovery of the resting discharge of the deafferented MVN neurons in the central vestibular system.
Historical Projects in Discrete Mathematics and Computer Science

In the United States a course in discrete mathematics is a relatively recent addition, within the last 30 or 40 years, to the undergraduate mathematics curriculum. The course serves to instruct students in precise logical and algorithmic thought, needed for further study of modern mathematics or computer science. The course is also required of many secondary education majors, who will teach mathematics in middle or high schools. The roots of discrete mathematics, however, are as old as mathematics itself, with the notion of counting a discrete operation, usually cited as the first mathematical development in ancient cultures [7]. By contrast, a course in finite mathematics is frequently presented as a fast-paced news reel of facts and formulae, often memorized by the students, with the text offering only passing mention of the motivating problems and original work that eventually found resolution in the modern concepts of induction, recursion and algorithm. This paper focuses on the pedagogy of historical projects that offer excerpts from primary historical sources, place the material in context, and provide direction to the subject matter.
Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses Personality and All-Cause Mortality: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 3,947 Deaths in 76,150 Adults

Personality may influence the risk of death, but the evidence remains inconsistent. We examined associations between personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and the risk of death from all causes through individual-participant meta-analysis of 76,150 participants from 7 cohorts (the British Household Panel Survey, 2006 – 2009; the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, 2005 – 2010; the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, 2006 – 2010; the US Health and Retirement Study, 2006 – 2010; the Midlife in the United States Study, 1995 – 2004; and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ’ s graduate and sibling samples, 1993 – 2009). During 444,770 person-years at risk, 3,947 participants (54.4% women) died (mean age at baseline = 50.9 years; mean follow-up = 5.9 years). Only low conscientiousness — reflecting low persistence, poor self-control, and lack of long-term planning — was associated with elevated mortality risk when taking into account age, sex, ethnicity/nationality, and all 5 personality traits. Individuals in the lowest tertile of conscientiousness had a 1.4 times higher risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.58) compared with individuals in the top 2 tertiles. This association remained after further adjustment for health behaviors, marital status, and education. In conclusion, of the higher-order personality traits measured by the five-factor model, only conscientiousness appears to be related to mortality risk across populations.
Visual and emotional salience influence eye movements

In natural vision both stimulus features and cognitive/affective factors influence an observer's attention. However, the relationship between stimulus-driven (bottom-up) and cognitive/affective (top-down) factors remains controversial: How well does the classic visual salience model account for gaze locations? Can emotional salience counteract strong visual stimulus signals and shift attention allocation irrespective of bottom-up features? Here we compared Itti and Koch's [2000] and Spectral Residual (SR) visual salience model and explored the impact of visual salience and emotional salience on eye movement behavior, to understand the competition between visual salience and emotional salience and how they affect gaze allocation in complex scenes viewing. Our results show the insufficiency of visual salience models in predicting fixation. Emotional salience can override visual salience and can determine attention allocation in complex scenes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cognitive/affective factors play a dominant role in active gaze control.
Perspectives of Maryland women regarding oral health during pregnancy and early childhood.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this qualitative study was to obtain information on low-income women's knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding oral heath during pregnancy and for infant care. METHODS A professional focus group moderator conducted four focus groups (n=34) among low-income women in Maryland who were either pregnant or had children aged two and younger. Purposeful sampling and qualitative content analysis were employed. RESULTS Women were reasonably well informed about oral health practices for themselves and their children; however, important myths and misperceptions were common. Several themes emerged; a central one being that most women had not received oral health information in time to apply it according to recommended practice. CONCLUSIONS The focus groups with low-income women provided rich and insightful information and implications for future communication strategies to help prevent dental diseases among pregnant women and their infants.
Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Fasting Vascular Endothelial Function in Humans: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background Effect of fish oil supplementation on flow-mediated dilation, an index of endothelial function in humans, remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether fish oil supplementation could improve endothelial function. Methods Human intervention studies were identified by systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane's library and references of related reviews and studies. A random-effect model was applied to estimate the pooled results. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of study characteristics on the effect of fish oil supplementation on flow-mediated dilation. Results A total of sixteen records with 1,385 subjects were reviewed. The results of the pooled analysis showed that fish oil supplementation significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (weighed mean difference: 1.49%, 95% confidence interval 0.48% to 2.50%, p = 0.004). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis suggested that the quality of included studies were inversely related to the overall effect (regression coefficient = −1.60, p = 0.04), and the significance of the effect was mainly driven by the studies with relatively poor quality. Sensitivity analysis including only double-blind, placebo-controlled studies indicated fish oil supplementation has no significant effect on endothelial function (weighed mean difference: 0.54%, 95% confidence interval −0.25% to 1.33%, p = 0.18). Besides, normoglycemic subjects or participants with lower diastolic blood pressure seemed to be associated with remarkable improvement of endothelial function after fish oil supplementation. Conclusions Although current evidence suggested a possible role of fish oil in improving endothelial function, large-scale and high-quality clinical trials are needed to evaluate these effects before we can come to a definite conclusion.
Effect of Molecular Weight on the Structure and Morphology of Oriented Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Grown by Directional Epitaxial Solidification

Regioregular head‐to‐tail (HT)‐coupled poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) with a weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) in the 7.3–69.6 kDa range is crystallized by directional epitaxial solidification in 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene (TCB) to yield highly oriented thin films. An oriented and periodic lamellar structure consisting of crystalline lamellae separated by amorphous interlamellar zones is evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the overall crystallinity as well as the orientation of the crystalline lamellae decrease significantly with increasing Mw. The total lamellar periodicity is close to the length of “fully extended” chains for Mw = 7.3 kDa (polystyrene‐equivalent molecular weight, eq. PS) and it saturates to a value of ca. (25–28) ± 2 nm for Mw ≥ 18.8 kDa (eq. PS). This behavior is attributed to a transition from an oligomeric‐like system, for which P3HT chains are essentially in a fully extended all‐trans conformation and do not fold, to a semicrystalline system that involves a periodic alternation of crystalline lamellae separated by extended amorphous interlamellar zones, which harbor chain folds, chain ends, and tie molecules. For P3HT with Mw of ca. 7.3 kDa (eq. PS), epitaxial crystallization on TCB allows for the growth of both “edge‐on” and “flat‐on” oriented crystalline lamellae on the TCB substrate. The orientation of the lamellae is attributed to 1D epitaxy. Because of the large size of the “flat‐on” crystalline lamellae, a characteristic single‐crystal electron diffraction pattern corresponding to the [001] zone was obtained by selected area electron diffraction (SAED), indicating that P3HT crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell with a = 16.0 Å, b = 7.8 Å, c = 7.8 Å, and γ = 93.5°.
Placebo-Induced Changes in fMRI in the Anticipation and Experience of Pain

The experience of pain arises from both physiological and psychological factors, including one's beliefs and expectations. Thus, placebo treatments that have no intrinsic pharmacological effects may produce analgesia by altering expectations. However, controversy exists regarding whether placebos alter sensory pain transmission, pain affect, or simply produce compliance with the suggestions of investigators. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, we found that placebo analgesia was related to decreased brain activity in pain-sensitive brain regions, including the thalamus, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex, and was associated with increased activity during anticipation of pain in the prefrontal cortex, providing evidence that placebos alter the experience of pain.
Hardware Implementation for a Genetic Algorithm

A genetic algorithm (GA) can find an optimal solution in many complex problems. GAs have been widely used in many applications. A flexible-very-large-scale integration intellectual property for the GA has been proposed in this paper. This algorithm can dynamically perform various population sizes, fitness lengths, individual lengths, fitness functions, crossover operations, and mutation-rate settings to meet the real-time requirements of various GA applications. It can be seen from the simulation results that our design works very well for the three examples running at an 83-MHz clock frequency.