Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF ORTHOGRAPHY IN SEGMENTATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

Many pre-literate children, illiterate adults, and patients with acquired dyslexia have difficulty segmenting speech sounds despite intact or relatively spared spoken language abilities. Although it is unclear whether segmentation skills are a pre-requisite to or a consequence of reading ability, skilled readers may exploit orthographic knowledge during speech segmentation by invoking a strategy of visualizing the words to facilitate performance. To determine the role of orthographic knowledge in speech segmentation, 16 literate adults performed sound and letter judgment tasks on auditorily presented word pairs in which the consistency of orthographic and phonological information of the initial consonant was systematically varied (e.g., ‘card-cost,’ ‘card-kin,’ ‘guard-gem,’ ‘guard-jam’). Participants decided whether the first sound or letter was same or different. Task order was varied to explore possible strategic effects depending on the sequence of judgments. Participants were highly accurate on sound and letter judgments. For both tasks, responses to consistent phonological and orthographic pairs such as ‘card-cost’ were significantly more accurate than to conflicting pairs (e.g., ‘same’ sound pairs with conflicting spelling such as ‘card-kin,’ or ‘same’ letter pairs with conflicting initial phonemes such as ‘guard-gem’). In addition, ‘different’ judgments were slower on pairs with conflicting sound or spelling information in both tasks. Orthographic interference effects were found for the sound judgments even for participants who had not yet performed letter judgments. This effect could not be attributed to relying on a visualization strategy alone because of evidence of phonological interference effects during letter judgment, suggesting that orthographic and phonological knowledge in skilled readers may play an integrated role in segmentation of speech sounds.
Fabrication and characterization of nanowire transistors with solid-phase crystallized poly-Si channels

The performance of thin-film transistors with a novel poly-Si nanowire channel prepared by solid-phase crystallization is investigated in this paper. As compared with conventional planar devices having self-aligned source/drain, the new devices show an improved on-current per unit width and better control over the short channel effects. The major conduction mechanism of the off-state leakage is identified as the gate-induced drain leakage, and it is closely related to the source/drain implant condition and the unique device structure
THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENTS

This study investigated the relationship between the interaction of diabetes and depressive symptoms and neuropsychological functioning in a sample of adolescents. It also addressed whether disease-related variables such as age of onset of diabetes and presence of severe hypoglycemic episodes were predictive of severity of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth, Second Edition (BDI-Y II). The neuropsychological domains of memory, attention, and overall cognitive abilities were assessed using a cross-battery approach with subtests from the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning – Second Edition (WRAML2), the Stroop Test, and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test – Second Edition (KBIT-2), respectively. The total sample consisted of 62 youth between the ages of 13 and 17 years: 31 adolescents diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes and 31 adolescents without diabetes. Adolescents were recruited from an outpatient pediatric diabetes clinic and an outpatient general medicine pediatric clinic located in Tuscon, AZ as well as by referral from word of mouth. The mean age of participants was 15.26 (SD= 1.33) years. Of the 62 participants, 29 (46.8%) were female and 33 were male (53.2%). The mean and standard deviation for participants’ BDI-Y II T-scores was 50.68 (8.65). In terms of ethnic distribution, the sample was comprised of Caucasian (54.8%), Hispanic (38.7%), African American (4.8%), and Asian (1.6%) adolescents. Approximately 39% of participants qualified for free (n=18) or reduced price (n=6) lunch at school. For the group with
Prevalence and Incidence of Toxoplasma Infection in HIV‐Positive Patients in the Czech Republic

TOXOPLASMOSIS is a major opportunistic infection infecting approximately 30% of the Czech general population (Petersen, Pollak, and Reiter-Owona, 2001). In people with latent toxoplasmosis, who subsequently become infected with HIV, the Toxoplasma infection in the latent form proceeds as such. Less frequently, a patient is first infected with HIV and then with Toxoplasma. However, deterioration of the immune system (usually with a decline of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts under 100/ml) can result in recrudescence of latent infection along with the development of clinically manifest toxoplasmic encephalitis or extracerebral toxoplasmosis. Since toxoplasmosis in HIV patients is a dynamic process, sometimes gradual and other times overtly progressive, only a single examination might not be sufficient. A long-term follow-up is necessary for understanding antibody responses and its relation to clinical and epidemiological parameters. In our study, we had the unique opportunity of following the serological and clinical parameters of 626 patients (i.e. 71% of all Czech HIV-infected persons) from 1988 to 2006 (Pospı́šilová et al. 1997; Sýkora, Zástěra, and Staňková, 1992). Hence we compared the prevalence and incidence data of these patients with the situation in the general population and point out the risks of Toxoplasma infection.
Color Constancy

A human observer is able to recognize the color of objects irrespective of the light used to illuminate them. This is called color constancy. A digital camera uses a sensor to measure the reflected light, meaning that the measured color at each pixel varies according to the color of the illuminant. Therefore, the resulting colors may not be the same as the colors that were perceived by the observer. Obtaining color constant descriptors from image pixels is not only important for digital photography, but also valuable for computer vision, color-based automatic object recognition, and color image processing in general. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of color constancy, describing all the major color constancy algorithms, as well as presenting cutting edge research in the area of color image processing. Beginning with an in-depth look at the human visual system, Ebner goes on to: examine the theory of color image formation, color reproduction and different color spaces; discuss algorithms for color constancy under both uniform and non-uniform illuminants; describe methods for shadow removal and shadow attenuation in digital images; evaluate the various algorithms for object recognition and color constancy and compare this to data obtained from experimental psychology; set out the different algorithms as pseudo code in an appendix at the end of the book. Color Constancy is an ideal reference for practising engineers, computer scientists and researchers working in the area of digital color image processing. It may also be useful for biologists or scientists in general who are interested in computational theories of the visual brain and bio-inspired engineering systems.
BMP2 Genetically Engineered MSCs and EPCs Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration in Rat Critical-Sized Calvarial Bone Defects

Current clinical therapies for critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) remain far from ideal. Previous studies have demonstrated that engineering bone tissue using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is feasible. However, this approach is not effective for CSBDs due to inadequate vascularization. In our previous study, we have developed an injectable and porous nano calcium sulfate/alginate (nCS/A) scaffold and demonstrated that nCS/A composition is biocompatible and has proper biodegradability for bone regeneration. Here, we hypothesized that the combination of an injectable and porous nCS/A with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene-modified MSCs and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could significantly enhance vascularized bone regeneration. Our results demonstrated that delivery of MSCs and EPCs with the injectable nCS/A scaffold did not affect cell viability. Moreover, co-culture of BMP2 gene-modified MSCs and EPCs dramatically increased osteoblast differentiation of MSCs and endothelial differentiation of EPCs in vitro. We further tested the multifunctional bone reconstruction system consisting of an injectable and porous nCS/A scaffold (mimicking the nano-calcium matrix of bone) and BMP2 genetically-engineered MSCs and EPCs in a rat critical-sized (8 mm) caviarial bone defect model. Our in vivo results showed that, compared to the groups of nCS/A, nCS/A+MSCs, nCS/A+MSCs+EPCs and nCS/A+BMP2 gene-modified MSCs, the combination of BMP2 gene -modified MSCs and EPCs in nCS/A dramatically increased the new bone and vascular formation. These results demonstrated that EPCs increase new vascular growth, and that BMP2 gene modification for MSCs and EPCs dramatically promotes bone regeneration. This system could ultimately enable clinicians to better reconstruct the craniofacial bone and avoid donor site morbidity for CSBDs.
Freud's Relevance to Hypnosis: A Reevaluation

Abstract In this paper we examine Freud's life and thinking, based on his collected works, and reevaluate some of his ideas in the light of various aspects of contemporary hypnosis research. Although Freud has often been blamed for simplistic thinking about hypnosis and for its eclipse during the opening decades of this century, his writings reveal a rich theory of hypnosis and a frank acknowledgement of the debt psychoanalytic theory and practice owe to it. Even though he abandoned hypnosis as a clinical tool, Freud maintained a theoretical interest in the subject and in many respects anticipated issues in current research. Whereas his emphasis on the hypnotist's skill may have been exaggerated, his insights concerning attention, social expectations, group dynamics, reality testing, and the relationship between hypnosis and sleep have been borne out by empirical investigations.
What precedes development of rheumatoid arthritis?

Studies on aetiology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) need to investigate the potential environmental triggers that are active before onset of disease, the genetic context in which these triggers act, and whether the presence of such triggers in an arthritis prone genetic context will give rise to the immune reactions associated with/preceding RA. Such knowledge would help not only to address much better the issue of causality of these potential triggers and the immune reactions, but also to carry out various interventions aimed at influencing the disease provoking immune events before development of clinical signs of disease. This short report summarises recent data demonstrating (a) the presence of anticitrullin antibodies or rheumatoid factors in between a third and half of patients with RA before development of clinical signs; (b) long term smoking is associated with a high risk of future development of seropositive but not seronegative RA; and (c) a strong gene–environment interaction between smoking and SE genes in the development of seropositive RA. We conclude that, in a certain genetic context, smoking is a potential trigger of RA, and a combination of the two factors is associated with the occurrence of immune reactions long before the onset of RA.
Valid inferences from invalid tests?

I read with interest the remarks of Reuben J. Silver, which were published in the November 2001 issue of the American Psychologist on the occasion of his receiving the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice. Silver took the opportunity to delineate his approach to the practice of professional psychology. He described a perspective that combines an appreciation for actuarial prediction and empirical data with a sensitivity to the many instances when a practitioner must act without the benefit of empirical support. In this regard, Silver imparted a wonderful example of the integration of science and practice. However, I must disagree with one aspect of what Silver conveyed regarding the use of psychological tests. Silver (2001) emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis and the use of empirically validated psychological tests to help achieve accurate diagnosis. He then stated,
How to Say 'No' in Chinese: A Pragmatic Study of Refusal Strategies in Five TV Series

This paper analyzed situations in which refusal will occur and examined the refusal strategies and corresponding linguistic forms that can be employed to react to various refusal situations in Chinese culture. Since refusal is an act in response to other acts, acts that prompt refusals play an important role in the choices of refusal strategies. Therefore, this paper categorizes situations of refusal according to the initiating acts of refusal. Based on 160 video clips collected from five television series, this paper found that refusal is initiated by four types of acts: request, offer, invitation, and suggestion. Each type can be subcategorized in terms of their different communicative functions. The study can facilitate the instruction of refusal to learners of Chinese from multiple perspectives.
Key Histopathologic Features of Liver Biopsies That Distinguish Biliary Atresia From Other Causes of Infantile Cholestasis and Their Correlation With Outcome: A Multicenter Study

The liver biopsy guides diagnostic investigation and therapy in infants with undiagnosed cholestasis. Histologic features in the liver may also have prognostic value in the patient with biliary atresia (BA). We assessed the relative value of histologic features in 227 liver needle biopsies in discriminating between BA and other cholestatic disorders in infants enrolled in a prospective Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN) cohort study by correlating histology with clinical findings in infants with and without BA. In addition, we reviewed 316 liver biopsies from clinically proven BA cases and correlated histologic features with total serum bilirubin 6 months after hepatoportoenterostomy (the Kasai procedure, HPE) and transplant-free survival up to 6 years. Review pathologists were blinded to clinical information except age. Semiquantitative scoring of 26 discrete histologic features was based on consensus. Bile plugs in portal bile ducts/ductules, moderate to marked ductular reaction, and portal stromal edema had the largest odds ratio for predicting BA versus non-BA by logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of the needle biopsy was estimated to be 90.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.2%, 94.9%), whereas sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of BA are 88.4% (95% CI: 81.4, 93.5) and 92.7% (95% CI: 84.8, 97.3), respectively. No histologic features were associated with an elevated serum bilirubin 6 months after HPE, although it (an elevated serum bilirubin) was associated with an older age at HPE. Higher stages of fibrosis, a ductal plate configuration, moderate to marked bile duct injury, an older age at HPE, and an elevated international normalized ratio were independently associated with a higher risk of transplantation.
People detection in heavy machines applications

In this paper we focus on improving the performance of people detection algorithm on fish-eye images in a safety system for heavy machines. Fish-eye images give the advantage of a very wide angle-of-view, which is important in the context of heavy machines. However, the distortions in fish-eye images present many difficulties for image processing. The underlying framework of the proposed detection system uses Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). By analyzing the effect of distortions in different regions in the field-of-view and by adding artificial distortions in the training process of the binary classifier, we can obtain better detection results on fish-eye images.
Protection Motivation Theory and Adherence to Sport Injury Rehabilitation Revisited

With estimates in excess of 3 million injuries sustained each year in the United States by children and adults in sport and recreational activities (Bijur et al., 1995; Booth, 1987), sport injury has emerged as a serious public health concern. For injuries requiring rehabilitation, adherence to the prescribed regimen is considered important to achieve successful treatment outcomes (Taylor & Taylor, 1998). Depending on the particular measure of adherence used, adherence rates ranging from 40 to 91% have been documented in sport injury rehabilitation settings (Brewer, 1999). Evidence of a positive relationship between adherence to sport injury rehabilitation programs and clinical outcome has been obtained in several studies (Brewer, Van Raalte, Cornelius, et al., 2000; Derscheid & Feiring, 1987; Hawkins, 1989; Meani, Migliorini, & Tinti, 1986; Satterfield, Dowden, & Yasamura, 1990). The Sport Psychologist, 2003, 17, 95-103 © 2003 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.
The pgr1 Mutation in the Rieske Subunit of the Cytochrome b6f Complex Does Not Affect PGR5-dependent Cyclic Electron Transport around Photosystem I*

Although photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron transport is essential for plants, our knowledge of the route taken by electrons is very limited. To assess whether ferredoxin (Fd) donates electrons directly to plastoquinone (PQ) or via a Q-cycle in the cytochrome (cyt) b6f complex in PSI cyclic electron transport, we characterized the activity of PSI cyclic electron transport in an Arabidopsis mutant, pgr1 (proton gradient regulation). In pgr1, Q-cycle activity was hypersensitive to acidification of the thylakoid lumen because of an amino acid alteration in the Rieske subunit of the cyt b6f complex, resulting in a conditional defect in Q-cycle activity. In vitro assays using ruptured chloroplasts did not show any difference in the activity of PGR5-dependent PQ reduction by Fd, which functions in PSI cyclic electron transport in vivo. In contrast to the pgr5 defect, the pgr1 defect did not show any synergistic effect on the quantum yield of photosystem II in crr2-2, a mutant in which NDH (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase) activity was impaired. Furthermore, the simultaneous determination of the quantum yields of both photosystems indicated that the ratio of linear and PSI cyclic electron transport was not significantly affected in pgr1. All the results indicated that the pgr1 mutation did not affect PGR5-dependent PQ reduction by Fd. The phenotypic differences between pgr1 and pgr5 indicate that maintenance of the proper balance of linear and PSI cyclic electron transport is essential for preventing over-reduction of the stroma.
Clinical intra‐ and interfamilial variability of cluster headache

Our recent description of a 17‐ and 2‐fold increased risk of cluster headache among first‐ and second‐degree relatives, respectively, strongly suggests that cluster headache has a genetic cause. Eighteen families with familial occurrence of cluster headache according to the criteria of the International Headache Society were included. Clinical intra‐ and interfamilial variability of cluster headaches was analyzed in 44 cases (31 males and 13 females) from 18 families. None of the families showed a distinctive pattern of symptoms except for the two families with chronic cluster headache. Their affected male relatives had a high number (1–8) of attacks per day in their cluster periods. Children had a significantly lower age at onset than parents (p = 0.018), but it is uncertain whether this is a real phenomenon or caused by memory bias. However, the possible existence of anticipation is important in the search for the gene. Co‐occurrence of migraine with and without aura was not increased in familial cases of cluster headache compared with the prevalence of migraine with and without aura in the Danish population, implying different etiologies. Our results suggest that episodic, chronic and chronic cluster headaches evolved from episodic have a common etiology and genetic heterogeneity is unlikely on clinical grounds.
The dimensions of integral points and holomorphic curves on the complements of hyperplanes

In this article we completely determine the possible dimensions of integral points and holomorphic curves on the complement of a union of hyperplanes in projective space. Our main theorems generalize a result of Evertse and Gyory, who determined when all sets of integral points (over all number fields) on the complement of a union of hyperplanes are finite, and a result of Ru, who determined when all holomorphic maps to the complement of a union of hyperplanes are constant. The main tools used are the S-unit lemma and its analytic analogue, Borel's lemma.
Guiding the use of Grounded Theory in Doctoral studies – an example from the Australian film industry

Selecting the most appropriate research method is one of the most difficult problems facing a doctoral researcher. Grounded Theory is presented here as a method of choice as it is detailed, rigorous, and systematic, yet it also permits flexibility and freedom. Grounded Theory offers many benefits to research in Information Systems as it is suitable for the investigation of complex multifaceted phenomena. It is also well equipped to explore socially related issues. Despite existing criticism, it is a rigorous and methodical research approach capable of broadening the perceptions of those in the research community. This paper provides detailed and practical guidelines that illustrate the techniques, utility, and ease of use of grounded theory, especially as these apply to information systems based research. This paper tracks a Grounded Theory research project undertaken to study the phenomena of collaboration and knowledge sharing in the Australian Film Industry. It uses this to illustrate and emphasize salient points to assist potential users in applying the method. The very practical approach shared in this paper provides a focused critique rendering it a valuable contribution to the discussion of methods of analysis in the IS sphere, particularly grounded theory.
The geomagnetic field in Croatia

In this study we present the distribution of the geomagnetic field components: declination (D), horizontal intensity (H), inclination (I), total field intensity (F), as well as the crustal and anomaly geomagnetic fields over the region of Croatia for the 2003.76 epoch, calculated using the Comprehensive model CM4 (Sabaka et al., 2004). The smooth change of D, H, I and F values over the whole territory is found. The map of the crustal field reveals symmetric north-south and eastwest isolines behaviour, with the minimum value in the middle part of the north Croatia. The highest values are found at the Adriatic see, along all the coast and at the very eastern part of the country. The anomalies are everywhere negative, with the smallest values in the north-east of Croatia. The predicted annual secular variation for the Croatian region is: 0.06 °/year for D, 11 nT/year for H, 0.02 °/year for I and 50 nT/year for F. In order to get an insight in the structure of the local field and determine the best location for the observatory, we made use of a set of intensity data measured over the northern part of middle Croatia in 2003. The obtained detailed anomaly map reveals weak small-scale negative structure (–40 nT in average). Predicted crustal and anomaly fields suggest that the best place for the observatory would be in the middle northern part of Croatia, what is further constrained with the anomalies obtained on the surveyed area. With the present study we aim to pave a way for more detail research in the field of geomagnetism in Croatia, which has commenced again after more than 50 years’ gap.