Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production Theory and the Stock Market

Traditional economic models separate firms' production decisions from equilibrium in stock markets. In this paper, we develop an integrated model of production in the presence of capital asset market equilibrium. Our theory indicates that, in a stochastic environment, production and financial variables are inextricably interrelated. Following the financial equilibrium models of Sharpe, Lintner, and Mossin, we assume that profits and therefore portfolio returns are random. But stockholders can alter their distributions of returns by altering firms' production decisions as well as by altering their portfolios. The key to the analysis is a "unanimity theorem," which shows that in many environments stockholders will agree on optimal output decisions, despite their different expectations and attitudes towards risk. We develop equilibrium conditions which must be satisfied by production decisions. Profit maximization is indeed optimal for a firm whose profits are riskless. But risky firms' outputs depend on financial as well as cost variables, and the equilibrium conditions lead to a theory of production under uncertainty which replaces the now-vacuous notion of profit maximization. We further show that the output decisions will be Pareto optimal for stockholders, and that these decisions maximize market value only in a "purely competitive" world. Our results provide a synthesis of the conflicting conclusions of Diamond, Stiglitz, and Wilson on the optimality of stock markets.
Dr Who? Equity and diversity among university postgraduate and higher degree cohorts

Lack of equitable access at the higher levels of university is detrimental to individuals and more broadly to economic productivity and social cohesion. This paper considers the nature and extent of under-representation in postgraduate and higher degree study and proposes responses at both the institutional and policy levels. Particular focus is given to low socio-economic and regional students within the Australian context. Major causes of postgraduate inequity include the pipeline effect, which is fuelled by institutional stratification and low levels of institutional mobility. Moreover, the influence of financial barriers and limited cultural capital does not ‘wash out’ during undergraduate study. Proposed institutional strategies include redirecting a proportion of equity scholarships to postgraduates, giving consideration to need in the allocation of postgraduate scholarships, and offering funded postgraduate places to selected disadvantaged students. At a policy level, suggestions include government targets for postgraduate participation, undergraduate debt remission, and increased postgraduate Commonwealth-supported places.
Productivity and water use in kharif sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under different land configuration and mulching

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2007 and 2008 at Indore on medium black soil to study the effect of land configurations and mulches on performance of rainfed sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Fifteen treatment combinations consisted of three land configurations in the main plots viz. flat system, ridge and furrow system and flat sowing system with earthing at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and five mulches in the sub-plots viz. No mulch, wheat straw, farmyard manure (FYM), green weed biomass and Glyricidia leaves @ 6 tonne/ha applied at 30 DAS, replicated thrice, were arranged in split plot design. Results showed that ridge and furrow system recorded 16.7% and 28.6% increase in grain yield and additional income to the tune of 6,262/ha and $$11,225/ha in respective season when compared with flat system. Application of green weed biomass as mulch gave 24.1% and 20.9% more grain yield than without mulching and raised income to the tune of $$ 7,373/ha and $$ 8,884/ha with a net B:C ratio of 2.86 and 2.93. Ridge and furrow system of sowing and application of green weed biomass mulch improved the soil moisture conservation considerably. Significant interaction of land configuration and mulches was noted on grain yield.
Large-scale land deals from the inside out: findings from Kenya's Tana Delta

Although there is alarm over the global land rush, many plans for the large-scale transformation of land acquired by investors remain on the drawing board. Based on a study of two land deals in Kenya's Tana Delta, this paper considers the processes by which blueprint designs are amended or delayed through the involvement of local actors. It demonstrates that even top-down acquisition of land by powerful state-linked actors with the support of policy discourse can be stalled by the rural poor, particularly if the latter have strong customary claims and links to wider opposition. At the same time, large-scale land acquisition is not automatically opposed by local people, who may see land deals as an opportunity to safeguard access to resources and to support their development expectations. The paper also suggests that although consultation and the existence of recognised property rights appear to result in fairer project designs, land deals are likely to reflect the decision-making power of an elite that is not fully informed. The conclusion affirms the need for more nuanced, place-based analyses of large-scale land deals, taking into account tenure arrangements, resource access mechanisms, land management discourses and the role of cross-scale agency and alliances in building support for, or opposition to, such deals.
The Peripheral Halo Effect: Do Academic Spinoffs Influence Universities' Research Income?

Extant literature has drawn attention to the ‘halo effect’ of the good reputation of a core organizational activity on the outcome of a peripheral activity. We contribute to the literature on organizational reputation by illustrating a halo effect in the opposite direction – from the periphery to the core. We show that developing a reputation for a peripheral activity (in our context, universities' social impact via spinoffs) may have positive spillovers for core organizational activities (in our context, university research), a phenomenon we term the ‘peripheral halo effect'. We also show that this effect is more prominent for high‐status than for low‐status organizations. Our research also contributes to the academic‐entrepreneurship literature by revealing that spinoff portfolios can generate income for universities not only directly via equity positions but also indirectly via reputational benefits.
Single-Beat Versus Multibeat Real-Time 3D Echocardiography for Assessing Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction: A Comparison Study With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Background—Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is superior to 2D echocardiography in assessing left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF), but its feasibility is limited by multibeat acquisition, which requires an optimal breath-hold and a regular heart rhythm. We sought to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of single- and 2-beat RT3DE for LV volume and EF assessment. Methods and Results—Sixty-six consecutive patients referred for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) underwent RT3DE and CMR on the same day. Of the 50 patients (age, 59±18 years; 68% men; 42% coronary artery disease; LVEF=49±14%; limits, 14% to 76%) with an adequate RT3DE image quality, accuracy for LV volumes and EF measurements of single- and 2-beat modalities were compared with the conventional 4-beat acquisition and CMR. Correlations with CMR for LV end-diastolic volume (161±59 mL, r=0.93 to 0.94) and end-systolic volume (86±56 mL, r=0.93 to 0.96) were excellent regardless of the number of cardiac cycles used. However, because of the low temporal resolution (7±2 volumes per second), single-beat underestimated LVEF (bias, −5±8%) with greater bias than 2-beat (bias, 1±6%, P<0.001) and 4-beat (bias, 3±7%, P<0.001) modalities. Interestingly, 2-beat provided accuracy similar to 4-beat for end-diastolic volume (bias, −17±21 mL versus −15±23 mL), end-systolic volume (bias, −9±16 mL versus −12±17 mL), and LVEF (bias, 1±6% versus 3±7%) measurements, but fewer stitching artifacts were observed with 2- than 4-beat modalities (3% versus 30%). Conclusions—Compared with conventional multibeat acquisitions, 2-beat modality provides similar accuracy in LV volume and EF measurements and should be preferred due to fewer stitching artifacts. In contrast, the temporal resolution of single-beat modality appears insufficient to provide an accurate estimation of LVEF.
The geography of well-being

We consider the economic and non-economic determinants of well-being across Europe and ask what level of geographical aggregation (for example, individual, regional or national) matters for individual well-being and whether the drivers of well-being differ within and between these different levels. Our results show a more heterogenous set of drivers for individual well-being across regions in Europe than previously described. Not only are individual-level effects significant, but so too are regional factors. In particular, absolute regional factors dominate the effect of an individual's position relative to their region for certain non-economic variables. The significance of these non-economic factors changes depending on the sample of countries considered, but in each case the regional effects dominate for those variables that are significant. Language: en
LOAD, WORK, AND VELOCITY OF MUSCLE SHORTENING OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL HUMAN HEARTS.

When a muscle contracts against a load less than one that would result in an isometric contraction, it shortens and does external work. In skeletal muscle at a particular initial length, and in heart muscle at a particular length and inotropic state, the extent and speed of shortening and the efficiency of the contraction depend upon the load (2-5). In an earlier study we showed that in the normal conscious dog at rest the systemic load and the left ventricle were so matched that during contraction maximal external work was done and maximal power was transferred to the systemic circulation (6). These conclusions were reached by studying successive contractions at different loads, but the load itself was not measured directly. The present study concerns the development of methods to measure the load in man, based on ventricular volume and pressure measurements. The relationships between external work and power transfer, velocity of muscle shortening, and load during left ventricular contraction were investigated. Methods
Firm Size as Determinant of the Nonlinear Relationship Between Bank Debt and Growth Opportunities: The Case of Chilean Public Firms

We analyze the extent to which firm size determines the relationship between growth opportunities and bank debt in the Chilean corporate sector. Using generalized method of moments (GMM) system estimator techniques in an unbalanced panel data of quoted firms, we provide evidence of a U-shaped relationship between growth opportunities and bank debt, which has a different behavior depending on the firm's size. Smaller firms seek private debt sooner than larger firms do when growth opportunities increase. This finding is supported by the institutional characteristics of the Chilean financial system, the higher confidence of small firms in bank debt, and the bank-based orientation of the Chilean financial markets.
Comparability of Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) and Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms–Second Edition (SIRS-2) Classifications With External Response Bias Criteria

Rogers, Sewell, and Gillard (2010) released a revised version of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers, Bagby, & Dickens, 1992), the SIRS-2, which introduced several new scales, indices, and a new classification model with the overall goal of improving its classification of genuine versus feigned presentations. Since the release of the SIRS-2, several concerns have been raised regarding the quality of the SIRS-2 development and validation samples and the method used to calculate classification accuracy estimates. To further explore issues related to the clinical utility of the SIRS-2, the current study examined associations of the SIRS and SIRS-2 with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2–Restructured Form (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011) validity scales in separate samples of disability claimants and criminal defendants. Results indicate that the SIRS-2 reduced the number of feigning classifications. Additional analyses suggest that the Modified Total Index and Supplementary Scale Index do not assess the test-taking strategy that Rogers and colleagues (2010) intended the indices to capture. External data indicates that evaluees reclassified on the SIRS-2 in nonfeigning categories exhibited feigned symptoms of psychopathology. Indeed, we found that SIRS-identified feigners showed significant evidence of overreporting on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2–Restructured Form validity scales, regardless of their SIRS-2 classification. The current study highlights the overall weakness in clinical utility of the SIRS-2. Implications of these results for both clinical and forensic settings are discussed.
An alternative local anaesthesia technique to reduce pain in paediatric patients during needle insertion.

AIM Pain control, which is necessary during most dental procedures, is administered by injecting a local anaesthetic. Because the injection itself can be painful, the procedure via which pain is reduced warrants continued investigation. Only a few studies regarding the reaction of children to dental needle insertion without the use of topical anaesthetics have been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the local anaesthetic procedure without topical application as compared to the conventional insertion technique for alleviating pain in children receiving local anaesthesia injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the alternative injection procedure, the dentist quickly and gently pulled or pushed the clean and dried loose tissue at the injection site over the tip of the needle to a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm. When the end of the bevel of the needle tip entered the tissue, a few drops of solution were released, after which the needle was advanced to its proper and intended depth to continue anaesthetic release. RESULTS There was a significant difference regarding the pain response between the alternative insertion technique (less painful) and the conventional one according to Sound, Eye, and Motor (SEM) scale ratings (P < 0.000). No significant difference was observed in the response between the maxilla and mandible, nor between boys and girls, between the conventional and alternative techniques. CONCLUSION This alternative technique can reduce discomfort in paediatric dental patients and allow the clinician to administer a superficial local anaesthesia injection before the needle is advanced into deeper tissue. This technique is simple, quick, devoid of additional costs, and potentially more effective than the conventional needle insertion method.
The immunophenotype of adults with acute myeloid leukemia: proposal of prognostic value

Background. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients a variety of clinical and biological parameters, including immunophenotype, have been examined for a potential value in predicting treatment response and survival. Several reports suggested a relationship between some antigens and acute myeloid leukemia prognosis, but subsequent studies produced conflicting results. With regard to these data, we attempted to evaluated the prognostic signifcance of different immunophenotyping subgroups. We also compared the results of other clinical and biological variables within the context of clinical practive of adult AML patients treated with chemotherapy. Materials and methods. The prognostic significance of combined CD7/CD34 immunophenotype was evaluated in 42 adult acute mycloid leukemia patients using a uniform panel of monoclonal antibodies. Extensive immunophenotyping of myeloid blasts was performed using the flow cytometry method. Results. Patients with the positive combined CD7/CD34 immunophenotype had a significantly lower complete remission rate (P = 0.01), disease-free survival (P = 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.02). The other factors influencing achievement of complete remission, 1-year disease-free survival and 1-year overall survival were age and performance status. Conclusions. The expression of CD7/CD34 phenotype is an independent prognostic factor in patients with adult AML. We have included in this prognostic value the CD7/CD34-positive phenotype. This value permitted a stratification of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, thereby allowing for the consideration of innovative therapies to improve outcome in the poorer outcome groups.
Money and Indeterminacy Over an Infinite Horizon

Money provides liquidity services through a cash-in-advance constraint. The exchange of commodities and assets extends over an infinite horizon under uncertainty and complete asset market. Monetary policy sets the path of rates of interest and accommodates the demand for balances. Competitive equilibria exist. But, for a fixed path of rates of interest, there is a non-trivial multiplicity of equilibrium paths of prices of commodities. Determinacy requires that, subject to no-artibrage and in addition to rates of interest, the prices of state-contingent revenues be somehow determined.
Reconciling Policy Tensions on the Frontlines of Indigenous Housing Provision in Australia: Reflexivity, Resistance and Hybridity

In Australia, significant recent reforms reposition Indigenous housing provision and management in remote and town camp communities under the mainstream public housing model. Two competing discourses surround this shift: a federal discourse of standardisation and state discourses of local responsiveness centred on the introduction of new community engagement processes into Indigenous public housing. This paper reports on qualitative research into the micro-scale of policy implementation to highlight policy-to-practice translation on the frontlines of Indigenous housing. Based on interviews with Indigenous housing stakeholders, this paper argues the capacity to support locally responsive housing management is problematic under the current arrangements. The analytical framework of realist governmentality reveals frontline housing professionals' role in the local resolution of tensions between federal and state policy levers. A focus on agent reflexivity and resistance on the frontline assists in capturing the dynamic (hybrid) identity of Indigenous public housing, as an atypical Australian example of hybridity in social housing.
Collaboration in Finnish‐Russian supply chains

Purpose – The management of international supply chains may significantly contribute to the successful outcome of exports. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of supply chain collaboration in an uncertain cross‐border context, and whether it improves supply chain performance. The moderating role of export experience and intensity to the collaboration‐performance relationship is also investigated.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a survey of Finnish industrial companies with Russian exports. Correlation and regression analysis is used in investigating causal relationships.Findings – The results weakly support the hypothesised positive relationships of collaboration and performance in the chosen cross‐border context. It seems that experience in cross‐border supply chain operations does not guarantee success in supply chain management. However, those companies with large export volumes, implying frequency and leveraged resources in operations, seemed to be better able to coll.
Dietary Assessment of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake in 4–7 Year-Old Children

Objective: To investigate current dietary intakes of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in healthy children between 4–7 years of age using a 3-day food record. Design: Cross-sectional study investigating dietary intakes using food records. Parents were instructed to document all food and drink consumed by their child for 3 consecutive days. Subjects and Setting: Healthy children (n = 91), 4–7 years of age, living in central Alberta, Canada were volunteered by their parents to participate in the study. Seventy-eight children completed the study. Results: AA and DHA intakes were 57 ± 35 mg/day and 37 ± 63 mg/day, ranged between 1.2–180 mg/day and 0–350 mg/day and varied day to day at 0–380 mg/day and 0–991 mg/d, respectively. DHA intake was ≤30 mg/day for 74% of the subjects. Conclusion: Canadian children, 4–7 years of age and not living near a marine environment, have relatively low dietary intakes of AA and DHA. Retinal and neuronal development continues throughout childhood, therefore it is conceivable that low intake of AA and DHA may have a negative impact.
Value, Valuation, and the Long-Run Performance of Merged Firms

We propose an alternative measure of the long-term economic impact of mergers on firm value: post-acquisition changes in intrinsic value. Consistent with the literature on post-acquisition returns, the intrinsic value of merged firms decreases on average in the three years following deal completion, especially for firms with high initial intrinsic values. The loss of intrinsic value is driven primarily by decreases in expected earnings. Finally, using return decompositions, we find evidence that the poor post-acquisition stock returns documented in other studies can be attributed primarily to lost intrinsic value rather than changes in valuation levels.
Critical Role for Lysine 133 in the Nuclear Ubiquitin-mediated Degradation of MyoD*

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is responsible for the regulation and turnover of the nuclear transcription factor MyoD. The degradation of MyoD can occur via an NH2 terminus-dependent pathway or a lysine-dependent pathway, suggesting that MyoD ubiquitination may be driven by different mechanisms. To understand this process, deletion analysis was used to identify the region of MyoD that is required for rapid proteolysis in the lysine-dependent pathway. Here we report that the basic helix-loop-helix domain is required for ubiquitination and lysine-dependent degradation of MyoD in the nucleus. Site-directed mutagenesis in MyoD revealed that lysine 133 is the major internal lysine of ubiquitination. The half-life of the MyoD K133R mutant protein was longer than that of wild type MyoD, substantiating the implication of lysine 133 in the turnover of MyoD in myoblasts. In addition, the MyoD K133R mutant displayed activity 2–3-fold higher than the wild type in transactivation muscle-specific gene and myogenic conversion of 10T1/2 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that lysine 133 is targeted for ubiquitination and rapid degradation of MyoD in the lysine-dependent pathway and plays an integral role in compromising MyoD activity in the nucleus.
Sense organs on the antennae of two species of thrips (Thysanoptera, insecta)

The antennae of two species of thrips, Bagnalliella yuccae (Hinds) and Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), have been examined with the light and electron microscopes. The antennal flagellum of both species is provided with tactile hairs, thick‐walled chemoreceptors and thin‐walled chemoreceptors. In addition, B. yuccae, but not F. tritici, has a single coeloconic chemoreceptor on the dorsal surface of the pedicel. Observations were made on the fluids in the lumen of the antennae of E. yuccae in the living insect. The movement of the fluids probably has an important physiological significance.