Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the counsellor trainer: The trainer perspective

This research sets out to explore how counsellor trainers understand and experience their role in the context of early twenty-first century Britain. The training sector is facing significant pressures connected with the shifting context for counselling and changes within the educational sector itself. These are occurring against a wider backdrop of economic recession and a lack of published research into rank-and-file trainer experiences and viewpoints. The methodology of choice is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a qualitative approach which focuses on the production of rich individual accounts of subjective experience. Sixteen trainers were recruited from across Great Britain via purposeful convenience sampling using the professional networks of the researcher, herself a trainer. The trainers were individually interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The result is four separate but interconnected studies of the experiencing and understanding of the role on the part of trainers within programmes based on person-centred, integrative, psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches. The four studies are analysed separately and contextualised within the literature. Tentative overall themes are then drawn out and implications discussed. The findings highlight the multifaceted and demanding nature of the training role. A commonality and difference in understanding of the role is evident across the studies. Discernible differences focus primarily on the relational nature of the role and the centrality accorded to critical thinking and the evidence-base. There are also different levels of identification and reconciliation expressed in relation to professionalising processes.A dominant finding in terms of the experience of the role is its high-reward and high-stress nature. Across all four studies, there is an identifiable vulnerability to substantial levels of stress and a developed potential for burnout. Workload pressures, the emotional demands of the role, a limited sense of autonomy and a perceived lack of appropriate support are among some of the major factors cited. In parallel trainers report a high level of reward and vocational commitment. The experience of the role? s rewards and challenges is a dynamic one, the balance shifting in the longer or shorter term. The context of the work carries significance with trainers in the private sector reporting substantially less stress. On a wider note, the shifting professional, educational and economic contexts are perceived as adding a new note of threat and uncertainty and leading some trainers to question their vocational commitment. The continuing divisions amongst differing theoretical schools are evident as well as a continued sense of non-belonging within institutional contexts. The findings are not presented as generalisable truths but as a contribution to the development of a case-based context-dependent understanding, regarded as important to effective practitioner development.
Associations between physical activity and physical fitness in American children.

Associations between two measures of physical fitness, 1.6-km run/walk performance and sum of three skinfold thicknesses, and selected physical activity factors were studied in a nationally representative sample of third- and fourth-grade students (1150 boys, 1202 girls). Twenty physical activity variables measured via parent and teacher questionnaires were factor analyzed, and for each of the resultant eight factors, individual factor scores were generated. These were used in two multiple regression analyses in which 1.6-km run/walk time and sum of skinfold measurements were the dependent variables. Multiple R2 for these two analyses were . 21 and . 18. Significant factors in both analyses were global ratings of the child's activity level, age, vigorous community activities, and gender. The results indicate that physical activity and physical fitness are significantly, although moderately, associated in young children and suggest that interventions directed toward enhancement of physical activity in children are worthy of investigation.
Internet Addiction Disorder: An Italian Study

The Italian version of the Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was administered online to a sample of Italian chatters (n = 236) who were different in terms of gender, age, and occupation. Results revealed that young users are more at-risk subjects for Internet addiction than adults, perceiving a compromised social and individual quality of their life that led them to make a compensatory usage of the Internet. Similarly, employed users perceive their social and individual quality of life as more compromised by the Internet than students. Moreover, subjects who declared spending much time online obtained IAT scores higher than others in all the IAT subscales. Finally, nightly users are more at-risk subjects for developing an Internet addiction disorder, diminishing their individual quality of life and disabling their time control.
Tax Reforms and Intertemporal Shifting of Wage Income: Evidence from Danish Monthly Payroll Records

Intertemporal shifting of wage income takes place when income earned in one tax year is paid out in another tax year in order to save taxes. Shifting has implications for the evaluation of the distortionary and distributional effects of taxes and may cause serious bias in empirical estimates of the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) for use in policy analysis. Based on new monthly payroll records for the universe of Danish employees we provide evidence of widespread intertemporal shifting of wage income in response to a tax reform that significantly reduced the marginal tax rates for 1/4 of all employees. Ignoring shifting, we estimate the overall ETI to be 0.1 and find that the ETI is increasing in the earnings level. After controlling for shifting, we obtain negligible ETI estimates at all earnings levels. We show that shifting is concentrated on few individuals spread out evenly across industry sectors, and we provide evidence suggesting that tax salience, liquidity constraints and firm willingness to cooperate in shifting are important factors in explaining shifting behavior.
A 4.0/7.5-GHz dual-band LC VCO in 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology

This letter presents a low phase noise BiCMOS dual-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The designed circuit consists of a dual-resonance LC resonator and a Colpitts negative resistance cell. The dual-resonance LC resonator comprises a series-tuned LC resonator and a parallel resonant resonator. The proposed VCO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm SiGe 3P6M BiCMOS process. The VCO can generate differential signals in the frequency range of 3.91~4.17 GHz and 7.24~7.80GHz with core power consumption is 6.30mW and 5.88mW at the dc bias of 1.4 V respectively. At 4.0 GHz and 7.74 GHz, phase noise at 1MHz offset is -121.13dBc/Hz and -115.87dBc/GHz respectively. The die area of the dual-band VCO is 0.485×0.800 mm2.
Effect of preanesthetic ranitidine and metoclopramide on gastric contents in morbidly obese patients.

Obesity ranks as one of the most common medical disorders in the United States (1). Extremely obese patients face an inordinate risk for aspiration of gastric contents because of the combination of increased gastric volume, reduced gastric pH, increased intraabdominal pressure, and an increased incidence of hiatus hernia (2,3). In recent years, several investigators have demonstrated the efficacy of H 2-receptor antagonists and metoclopramide for the reduction of gastric acidity and volume in various subgroups of surgical patients (4-8). Because the effects of ranitidine, metoclopramide, or both have not been studied in morbidly obese patients, we undertook this prospective investigation to evaluate the effect of ranitidine (150 mg or 300 mg) alone and in combination with metoclopramide (10 mg or 20 mg) on gastric acidity and volume in morbidly obese patients undergoing elective surgery.
Affective Assimilation and Contrast: Effects of Expectations and Prior Stimulus Exposure

The affective expectation model (AEM) proposes that expectations can cause both assimilation and contrast effects in affective experience. Specifically, the model contends that when a stimulus or experience is discrepant with an affective expectation, and an individual notices this discrepancy, affective reactions will be contrasted with the expectation. When the discrepancy goes unnoticed, however, it is anticipated that affective reactions will be assimilated toward the expectation. Two experiments were conducted to examine the potential role of prior stimulus exposure in the AEM. In both experiments, participants who had prior exposure to an expectation-inconsistent stimulus were more likely than controls to contrast their affective reactions with the affective expectation. Conversely, participants who had no prior exposure to the expectation-inconsistent stimulus were more likely than controls to assimilate their affective reactions toward the expectation. These findings demonstrate that prior stimulus exposure is an important situational moderator of the effect of affective expectations.
Öğretmenlerin Öğretmen Liderliği Davranışlarına İlişkin Görüşleri

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ogretmenlerin ogretmen liderligi ile ilgili goruslerini belirlemek, elde edilen sonuclar yardimiyla egitim ve ogretim sureclerine katki saglamak ve okullarin daha etkin hale getirmektir. Ogretmenlerin, ogretmen liderligi davranislarinin algi ve beklenti duzeylerini belirlemek amaciyla Sivas ilimizde 7 ilkogretim 5 ortaogretim okulunda toplam 450 ogretmene olcek uygulanmistir. Bu uygulama sonucunda geri donen ve islenmeye uygun 320 olcek uzerinden veri analizleri gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmada ogretmenlerin ogretmen liderligi beklenti ve algilari “ Ogretmen Liderligi Olcegi” ile belirlenmistir. Olcek Beycioglu, (2009) tarafindan gelistirilmistir. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik Ortalama, Standart sapma, T testi ve Pearson Korelasyon Katsayisi teknikleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma bulgulari, ogretmenlerin Ogretmen Liderligi beklentilerinin ogretmen liderligi algilarindan yuksek duzeyde oldugunu gostermistir. T testi sonuclarina gore ise ogretmen liderligi algi ve beklentilerinin cinsiyet ve okul turu degiskenine gore: algilama duzeyinde mesleki gelisme davranislarinda anlamli farkliliklar gosterdigi; beklenti duzeyinde ise okul turu ve cinsiyet degiskenlerine gore anlamli farkliliklar gostermedigi; korelasyon sonuclarina gore ise beklenti duzeyindeki toplam varyansin % 16’sinin algilama duzeyinden kaynaklandigi bulunmustur. Anahtar sozcukler; Ogretmen liderligi, Liderlik, Degisim.
STL-based Analysis of TRAIL-induced Apoptosis Challenges the Notion of Type I/Type II Cell Line Classification

Extrinsic apoptosis is a programmed cell death triggered by external ligands, such as the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Depending on the cell line, the specific molecular mechanisms leading to cell death may significantly differ. Precise characterization of these differences is crucial for understanding and exploiting extrinsic apoptosis. Cells show distinct behaviors on several aspects of apoptosis, including (i) the relative order of caspases activation, (ii) the necessity of mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) for effector caspase activation, and (iii) the survival of cell lines overexpressing Bcl2. These differences are attributed to the activation of one of two pathways, leading to classification of cell lines into two groups: type I and type II. In this work we challenge this type I/type II cell line classification. We encode the three aforementioned distinguishing behaviors in a formal language, called signal temporal logic (STL), and use it to extensively test the validity of a previously-proposed model of TRAIL-induced apoptosis with respect to experimental observations made on different cell lines. After having solved a few inconsistencies using STL-guided parameter search, we show that these three criteria do not define consistent cell line classifications in type I or type II, and suggest mutants that are predicted to exhibit ambivalent behaviors. In particular, this finding sheds light on the role of a feedback loop between caspases, and reconciliates two apparently-conflicting views regarding the importance of either upstream or downstream processes for cell-type determination. More generally, our work suggests that these three distinguishing behaviors should be merely considered as type I/II features rather than cell-type defining criteria. On the methodological side, this work illustrates the biological relevance of STL-diagrams, STL population data, and STL-guided parameter search implemented in the tool Breach. Such tools are well-adapted to the ever-increasing availability of heterogeneous knowledge on complex signal transduction pathways.
Accurate and efficient private release of datacubes and contingency tables

A central problem in releasing aggregate information about sensitive data is to do so accurately while providing a privacy guarantee on the output. Recent work focuses on the class of linear queries, which include basic counting queries, data cubes, and contingency tables. The goal is to maximize the utility of their output, while giving a rigorous privacy guarantee. Most results follow a common template: pick a “strategy” set of linear queries to apply to the data, then use the noisy answers to these queries to reconstruct the queries of interest. This entails either picking a strategy set that is hoped to be good for the queries, or performing a costly search over the space of all possible strategies. In this paper, we propose a new approach that balances accuracy and efficiency: we show how to improve the accuracy of a given query set by answering some strategy queries more accurately than others. This leads to an efficient optimal noise allocation for many popular strategies, including wavelets, hierarchies, Fourier coefficients and more. For the important case of marginal queries we show that this strictly improves on previous methods, both analytically and empirically. Our results also extend to ensuring that the returned query answers are consistent with an (unknown) data set at minimal extra cost in terms of time and noise.
Hand Preferences in Unimanual and Coordinated-Bimanual Tasks by Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apelld)

Hand preferences in 26 capuchin monkeys (Cebus apelld) were examined in 2 reaching-forfood tasks under 2 postural conditions. In the 1st task (unimanual), monkeys were required to reach for food from both a quadrupedal and an upright posture. A right-hand bias was found for the upright but not for the quadrupedal condition. In the 2nd task (coordinated bimanual), monkeys were required to extract the food from a hanging Plexiglas tube from both a crouched and an upright posture. A right-hand bias was found for both conditions. A significant increase in right-hand use was noted from the unimanual, quadrupedal, reaching task to the coordinated-bimanual task, with females exhibiting a greater right-hand preference than males. In addition, a significant effect of task complexity on strength in laterality was found. Results are discussed in the context of recent theories on primate laterality.
Exploring the views of students on the use of Facebook in university teaching and learning

Facebook use among students is almost ubiquitous; however, its use for formal academic purposes remains contested. Through an online survey monitoring student use of module Facebook pages and focus groups, this study explores students’ current academic uses of Facebook and their views on using Facebook within university modules. Students reported using Facebook for academic purposes, notably peer–peer communication around group work and assessment – a use not always conceptualised by students as learning. Focus groups revealed that students are not ready or equipped for the collaborative style of learning envisaged by the tutor and see Facebook as their personal domain, within which they will discuss academic topics where they see a strong relevance and purpose, notably in connection with assessment. Students use Facebook for their own mutually defined purposes and a change in student mind- and skill-sets is required to appropriate the collaborative learning benefits of Facebook in formal educational contexts.
General frame level segmentation for periodic broadcast of VBR videos

Broadcast schemes scale well in transporting popular movies in video-on-demand (VOD) systems. A large number of broadcast schemes have been proposed, a small number of which deal with the variable bit rate (VBR) encoded videos used in practice. Among them, some take the frame sequence of a VBR video into consideration. Although a few of them can achieve optimal server bandwidth under certain conditions, they cannot ensure proper decoding and full display of each downloaded segment if there are frames, for example, B frames in MPEG, that require future reference frames for decoding. Here we present a novel lossless scheme, general frame level segmentation (GFLS), to solves the above two problems. GFLS uses a segment-end-flag (SEF) sequence based on the frame interdependency to ensure continuous display of the whole video. Its important feature is that, both frame sequences in transmission order and in display order of a video have the same SEF sequence. We provide an efficient algorithm that uses the SEF sequence to implement GFLS.
No justified complaints: on fair sharing of multiple resources

Fair allocation has been studied intensively in both economics and computer science. This subject has aroused renewed interest with the advent of virtualization and cloud computing. Prior work has typically focused on mechanisms for fair sharing of a single resource. We consider a variant where each user is entitled to a certain fraction of the system's resources, and has a fixed usage profile describing how much he would want from each resource. We provide a new definition for the simultaneous fair allocation of multiple continuously-divisible resources that we call bottleneck-based fairness (BBF). Roughly speaking, an allocation of resources is considered fair if every user either gets all the resources he wishes for, or else gets at least his entitlement on some bottleneck resource, and therefore cannot complain about not receiving more. We show that BBF has several desirable properties such as providing an incentive for sharing, and also promotes high overall utilization of resources; we also compare BBF carefully to another notion of fairness proposed recently, dominant resource fairness. Our main technical result is that a fair allocation can be found for every combination of user requests and entitlements. The allocation profile of each user is proportionate to the user's profile of requests. The main problem is that the bottleneck resources are not known in advance, and indeed one can find instances that allow different solutions with different sets of bottlenecks. Therefore known techniques such as linear programming do not seem to work. Our proof uses tools from the theory of ordinary differential equations, showing the existence of a sequence of points that converge upon a solution. It is constructive and provides a practical method to compute the allocations numerically.
Production of Piglets Derived from In Vitro-Produced Blastocysts Fertilized and Cultured in Chemically Defined Media: Effects of Theophylline, Adenosine, and Cysteine During In Vitro Fertilization1

Abstract To further develop defined conditions for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes, we evaluated the effects of theophylline, adenosine, and cysteine in a chemically defined medium during IVF. Viability to full term of in vitro-produced blastocysts after IVF and IVC in chemically defined medium was also investigated by embryo transfer to recipients. A chemically defined medium, porcine gamate medium (PGM), was modified from porcine zygote medium (PZM-4), which was previously established. PGM was used as a basal medium for IVF and PZM-4 was for the culture of presumptive zygotes. Addition of 2.5 mM theophylline to PGM significantly increased the percentage of male pronuclear formation compared with controls (no addition). Addition of 1 μM adenosine to PGM supplemented either with or without 2.5 mM theophylline significantly reduced the number of penetrated spermatozoa compared with controls (no addition of adenosine). Supplementation with 0.2 μM cysteine in PGM containing both 2.5 mM theophylline and 1 μM adenosine further increased the percentage of development to the blastocyst stage, compared with no supplementation of cysteine, but there was no difference in fertilization parameters, such as monospermy and pronuclear formation, regardless of presence or absence of theophylline and adenosine. When Day 5 blastocysts were transferred into four recipients (20–25 blastocysts per recipient), all recipients became pregnant and farrowed a total of 21 live piglets. The present results clearly demonstrate that porcine blastocysts can be produced by IVF and IVC in chemically defined media and that they can develop to full term after embryo transfer.
Deep Nets for Local Manifold Learning

The problem of extending a function $f$ defined on a training data $\mathcal{C}$ on an unknown manifold $\mathbb{X}$ to the entire manifold and a tubular neighborhood of this manifold is considered in this paper. For $\mathbb{X}$ embedded in a high dimensional ambient Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^D$, a deep learning algorithm is developed for finding a local coordinate system for the manifold {\bf without eigen--decomposition}, which reduces the problem to the classical problem of function approximation on a low dimensional cube. Deep nets (or multilayered neural networks) are proposed to accomplish this approximation scheme by using the training data. Our methods do not involve such optimization techniques as back--propagation, while assuring optimal (a priori) error bounds on the output in terms of the number of derivatives of the target function. In addition, these methods are universal, in that they do not require a prior knowledge of the smoothness of the target function, but adjust the accuracy of approximation locally and automatically, depending only upon the local smoothness of the target function. Our ideas are easily extended to solve both the pre--image problem and the out--of--sample extension problem, with a priori bounds on the growth of the function thus extended.
Frequency of Attention Deficit in First-Episode Schizophrenia Compared to ADHD

Attention deficit in schizophrenia may be underestimated due to limited sensitivity of attention tests. Comparing the frequency of attention deficits in schizophrenia to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may solve this problem, since all subjects with ADHD should demonstrate impaired attention. Twenty-seven subjects with schizophrenia were compared to 74 clinical controls with ADHD on tests of focused/divided/sustained attention and impulsivity. Results: The frequency of impaired attention was equal among subjects with schizophrenia and ADHD-combined (ADHD-C), while ADHD-inattentive (ADHD-I) subjects were more impaired. Half the subjects with schizophrenia had a mild impairment in dual processing. Twenty-one percent showed normal performance on all tests. Fewer subjects with schizophrenia were impulsive/hyperactive, and fewer were impaired in sustained attention compared with the ADHD-C and ADHD-I groups, respectively. Conclusion: Attention tests are not sufficiently sensitive to attention deficits in everyday functioning. Taking this into account, the possibility still remains that a substantial portion of subjects with schizophrenia are not impaired in attention.