Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sergeants as Leaders: A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Among First-Line Supervisors in the Police Department

This qualitative research examined the leadership styles and professional development practices of a police department, the reflective experiences of police sergeants as they transition from being patrol officers, and the perception of police sergeants of their career development. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following essential questions: (a) What are the self-reported and observed leadership styles and practices of police sergeants at the Echo Bay police department? (b) To what extent do police sergeants practice the tenants of transformational leadership, and (c) How do police departments develop the leadership competencies of their police sergeants. The researcher used four different techniques (a) in-depth interviews, (b) focus groups, (c) direct observations, and (d) a survey as part of the qualitative component of the research and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire as part of its selection activity. The results using a coding process revealed some major themes that indicated that sergeants used idealized attributes, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation; all features of transformational leadership. The studied police department promoted professional development by offering tuition reimbursement, job enhancement, and job enrichment. The research revealed that the police department had an informal talent management system which included: coaching, mentoring, job rotation, and job expansion. The researcher recommended that further research should include the entire command structure (patrol officer to commissioner) and, most importantly, the institutionalization of a talent management system in which patrol officers are exposed to leadership development early in their careers to help navigate the complex law enforcement landscape of the 21st century. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Claudia L. Edwards Second Supervisor John J. Koster Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/48 Sergeants as Leaders: A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Among First-Line Supervisors in the Police Department
Association between Behavioral Life-Cycle Constructs and Financial Risk Tolerance of Low-to Moderate-Income Households

Utilizing data from an Internet survey among low-to-moderate-income households in several states, this study examined the link between behavioral life-cycle (BLC) constructs and financial risk tolerance. The results of ordinary least squares regression indicated a positive association between financial risk tolerance and several factors that measured the BLC constructs. Respondents who scored higher in self-control had significantly higher risk tolerance scores. Smaller effects were found for the mental accounting and framing constructs. These results suggest low-to-moderate-income households can benefit from financial education and commitment strategies.
Teachers' Knowledge and Attitude towards Inclusive Education: Basis for an Enhanced Professional Development Program

The success of inclusion or organised placement of children with disabilities in mainstream classrooms largely depends on teachers’ attitudes towards students with special educational needs (SEN) and their knowledge on how to properly educate them. In quite a number of studies, the attitude of teachers towards educating students with SEN has been put forward as a decisive factor in making schools more inclusive. If mainstream teachers do not accept the education of these students as an integral part of their job, they will try to ensure that someone else (often the special educational needs teacher) takes responsibility for these students and will organise covert segregation in the school (e.g. the special class). This study uses descriptive survey method to investigate international school teachers’ knowledge and attitude towards inclusive education of SEN students in the Eastern Seaboard region of Thailand in the school year 2013-2014. Fifty-two male and female general education and special educational needs teachers who work full time in four international schools in the region completed the Modified Opinions Relative to the Integration of Children with Disabilities (MORID) survey. The respondents had moderate knowledge on inclusive education and revealed neutral attitude towards inclusion. There is a need for schools to provide more special educational needs training, sufficient learning support providers and educational resources as well as in-depth specialisation courses that provide specialised practices for implementing the SEN strategies in their classrooms as well as offering teaching strategies on how to bridge theory and practice. Learning Support Programmes and the actual delivery of these programmes should be developed in terms of individual education plan (IEP) provision, curriculum modifications and classroom adaptations that are appropriate for students with special educational needs. Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, inclusive education, inclusion, special educational needs students
Defining Ethical Investment and its Demography in Australia

While ethical investment is relatively new in Australia, it is a well defined phenomenon in the United States and United Kingdom, subject to variations in interpretation in its practical implementation. Characteristics of ethical investment decision-making suggest ethical investors may be demographically different from "ordinary" investors. This descriptive paper reports on a survey of equity investors in Australia, comparing the average investor and an ethical investor. The main findings are that there is evidence of a strong gender effect, with females predominating among ethical investors, and that these investors are relatively young, highly educated and possessing small portfolios.
Perception of Financial and Payment Terms Risks: The Analysis of Aegean Exporters

In recent years, the volume of international trade has increased enormously due to the effects of globalization and liberalization of trade. However, political and economic changes, changes in consumer demand, market structures, product and market life cycles, domestic and foreign competition and the degree of effects caused by these changes became more and more significant. Such changes force the firms making or intending to make business globally to implement dynamic strategies and action plans. Considering above mentioned points, this study aims to explore the risks perceived by the exporting firms about financial risk and payment terms within the context of international trade. The firms are analyzed depending on various criteria (i.e. export intensity, firm size, sectors, geographical locations, export activity, age of the firms, export experience). The results of the study indicates that risk perceptions of exporter firms operating in the Aegean Region of Turkey vary by operating in various sectors, sizes, geographical location, types of export activity, age. On the other hand export intensity and experience of exporters do not affect the risk perceptions of exporter firms significantly.
Reconfiguring Space, Mobilizing Livelihood Street Vending, Legality, and Work in the Philippines

In the Philippines, the liberalization of the country's economy has meant increasing rural to urban migration and dramatic growth in informal sector trade. Women, in particular, building on their historical roles as the country's primary public and regional market traders, have made Philippine city streets their new business venue for itinerant, but viable work selling different goods: fresh produce, manufactured goods, cooked food – gendered occupations common throughout Southeast Asia. That their livelihood enterprises occur within public spaces not customarily used for commercial activities, means that such trades raise questions about who has access to and rights over such street spaces. Focusing on the growing street economy in Baguio City, the industrialized and administrative center of the northern Philippines, this article argues that female street vendors, through their livelihoods, unsettle essentialist categories such as informal/formal work, appropriate space use, and legal/illegal practice. Many of these women may appear unprepared for labor organizing, as few have the financial resources or the training they need to protect their rights. Yet, by organizing themselves into vendor associations, using letter writing campaigns and assuming innovative leadership positions, vendors successfully protested the 2007 Baguio City bylaws banning street trade in the central business district. The concessions these women won on selected laws enabled them to capture urban spaces consolidating their access to livelihood despite the constraints they face and the differences among street-based groups. Recognizing such gendered place-based politics makes nuanced analyses of Baguio City's street vendors important to policy makers and social scientists seeking to understand how vendors’ actions may contribute to informed renegotiations of rights to integral work.
Decision Analysis Considering Welfare Impacts in Water Resources Using the Benefit Transfer Approach

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES. x I . INTRODUCTION . 1 General Introduction . 1 Research Objectives. 5 Research Motivations. 5 Research Contributions. 6 Dissertation Organization . 7 II . LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 Introduction. 8 Value of Information. 8 Benefit Transfer Approach . 10 III. GENERAL FRAMEWORK. 13 IV. STRUCTURAL BENEFIT TRANSFER FOR INCREMENTAL UNCERTAINTY REDUCTIONS IN THE MONITORING OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER. 15 Introduction. 16 Overview . 16 Welfare measures for health risk reduction. 18 Methodology . 20 Module 1: Additional data selection and realization . 21 Module 2: Characterization of additional data impacts. 24 Module 3: Welfare and socioeconomic analysis . 26 Management Application. 33 vii Description of case study. 33 Results and discussion . 34 Summary and Conclusions . 53 V . SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS TO ASSESS ADDITIONAL DATA COLLECTION STRATEGIES AND CORRESPONDING WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY IN WATER QUALITY MITIGATION . 57 Introduction. 58 Background . 62 Nutrient export coefficients . 62 P export coefficients . 63 Water quality prediction . 65 Methodology . 66 Module 1: Information level realization. 69 Module 2: Information level impact assessment . 69 Module 3: Welfare analysis. 71 Management Application. 81 Description of study area. 81 Results and discussion . 83 Summary and Conclusion . 96 VI. SOCIAL WELFARE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTIVE EQUITY IN NPS POLLUTION USING BENEFIT TRANSFER APPROACH . 100 Introduction and Background . 101 Equity in NPS pollution management . 103 Equity and benefit transfer approach. 105 Methodology . 107 Module 1: Realization of equity levels scenarios. 108 Module 2: Equity levels impact assessment . 114 Module 3: Equity welfare analysis . 116 Management Application. 120 Study area description . 120 viii Scenario description . 123 Results and discussion . 127 Summary and Conclusion . 136 VII. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 139 Summary and Conclusions . 139 Application 1: Decisions in groundwater monitoring management. 139 Application 2: Decisions in surface water quality protection . 141 Application 3: Decisions to integrate social equity in NPS pollution management . 144 Recommendations. 146 Groundwater monitoring management. 146 Surface water quality protection. 147 NPS pollution management considering equity . 147 Benefit transfer method . 148 REFERENCES . 150 APPENDIX. 162 CURRICULUM VITAE. 164
Improving recommendations resulting from on-farm research: agroforestry, risk, profitability and vulnerability in southern Malawi

Leguminous agroforestry (AF) species have been investigated and promoted in Malawi as a means to improve soil quality and maize (Zea mays) yields. Our objective was to determine whether AF systems' recommendations that solely consider impacts on average maize yields differ from those that include an analysis of production risk, profitability among different wealth groups and socioeconomic vulnerability. Employing participatory quantitative and qualitative on-farm research techniques, we investigated three AF-based maize/legume relay-cropping practices in southern Malawi. The perennial legumes included Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii and Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea). We found that AF species recommendations did diverge from those based solely on maximizing maize yields when incorporating risk, profitability and socioeconomic vulnerability as additional variables. For instance, the highest yielding system (the S. sesban/maize relay crop) was never recommended for the most vulnerable farmers based on the vulnerability analysis, and the cropping systems were often more profitable for the least vulnerable farmers than they were for the most vulnerable farmers. Cropping system recommendations based solely on obtaining the highest average maize yields would also have generally overlooked the economic and nutritional importance of pigeonpea, and the difficulty for the most vulnerable farmers to profit from fertilizers, potentially placing these farmers at greater risk.
GSM 900 MHz radiation inhibits ants' association between food sites and encountered cues

The kinetics of the acquisition and loss of the use of olfactory and visual cues were previously obtained in six experimental colonies of the ant Myrmica sabuleti meinert 1861, under normal conditions. In the present work, the same experiments were conducted on six other naive identical colonies of M. sabuleti, under electromagnetic radiation similar to those surrounding GSM and communication masts. In this situation, no association between food and either olfactory or visual cues occurred. After a recovery period, the ants were able to make such an association but never reached the expected score. Such ants having acquired a weaker olfactory or visual score and still undergoing olfactory or visual training were again submitted to electromagnetic waves. Not only did they lose all that they had memorized, but also they lost it in a few hours instead of in a few days (as under normal conditions when no longer trained). They kept no visual memory at all (instead of keeping 10% of it as they normally do). The impact of GSM 900 MHz radiation was greater on the visual memory than on the olfactory one. These communication waves may have such a disastrous impact on a wide range of insects using olfactory and/or visual memory, i.e., on bees.
THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG ACADEMICIANS

An ethical issue in corporate do receives much attention in recent years which bring it into the forefront of the minds of many people. Institutions of Higher Learning (IHLs) have no exception in dealing with this issue. Knowing and acknowledging the significant contribution of ethical climate and its effect on organizational commitment is a challenge for every IHLs. This is due to the unique culture in every IHLs that reflects the academicians’ main role as an educator besides fulfilling the research mission of the institutions. It is essential for the management of the institutions to design managerial approaches that enable the creating of good ethical climate as well as academicians’ commitment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine how ethical climate influence the organizational commitment in IHLs. A sample of 100 academicians from several faculties in the Institution of Higher Learning (IHL) was asked for input and results of the study showed several significant findings. The type of test performed in this study are reliability analysis, regression analysis, correlation analysis and descriptive statistic and analysis which being run by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Result of this study indicates that there was a significantly positive influence of ethical climate towards organizational commitment among academicians.
Theoretical shortcomings of the Grossman model

Theoretical shortcomings of the Grossman model This article contains a review of the seminal Grossman model from a perspective of assumptions and simplifications, which were necessary to make the model tractable. The Grossman model emphasises health as a fundamental commodity, which implies that the demand for healthcare is a derived demand; in the model, individuals are both consumers and producers of health. The model predicts that an individual would invest in health until the marginal benefit of health equals its marginal cost; this equilibrium demand for health entails that the length of an individual's life would be determined endogenously. This review also discusses the model's refinements and extensions that have relaxed some of the constraints of the original model. In spite of its shortcomings, the Grossman model remains — even after 40 years — one of the few models in the realm of health economics, which attempts to conceptualise the complex demand for health and healthcare both theoretically and empirically. Teoretične omejitve Grossmanovega modela Članek pregledno predstavlja privzetke in poenostavitve Grossmanovega modela, ki so potrebni, da bi bil model rešljiv. Grossmanov model opredeljuje zdravje kot temeljno dobrino, kar pomeni, da je povpraševanje po zdravstveni oskrbi izpeljano povpraševanje; v modelu so posamezniki tako »potrošniki« kot »proizvajalci zdravja«. Model napoveduje, da bo posameznik tako dolgo vlagal v svoje zdravje, dokler marginalna korist zdravja ne bo enaka marginalnim stroškom zdravja; to ravnovesno povpraševanje po zdravju tako endogeno določa trajanje posameznikovega življenja. Ta pregled obravnava tudi dopolnitve in razširitve modela, ki sproščajo nekatere omejitve prvotnega modela. Kljub pomanjkljivostim je Grossmanov model — celo po 40 letih — eden redkih modelov na področju ekonomije zdravja, ki tako teoretično kot tudi empirično poskuša konceptualizirati kompleksno zahtevo po zdravju in zdravstvenem varstvu.
The Valuation Relevance of Greenhouse Gas Emissions under the European Union Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme

Abstract This study examines the valuation relevance of greenhouse gas emissions under the European Union Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme. We posit that carbon emissions affect firm valuation only to the extent that a firm's emissions exceed its carbon allowances under a cap-and-trade system and the extent of its inability to pass on carbon-related compliance costs to consumers and end-users. We measure a firm's ability to pass on the future costs by its market power and its carbon performance relative to its industry peers. The results show that firms' carbon allowances are not associated with firm valuation but the allocation shortfalls are negatively associated. We also find that the negative association between firm values and carbon emission shortfalls is mitigated for firms with better carbon performance relative to their industry peers and for firms in less competitive industry sectors. These findings, which suggest that the valuation impact of carbon emissions is unlikely to be homogenous across firms or industrial sectors, have important implications for future research design and for the disclosure and recognition of a firm's greenhouse gas liabilities.
Differential regulation of pericyte function by the CXC receptor 3

Pericytes are mural cell that have been found to play important roles in promoting blood vessel development and regulating blood flow. The signals that attract pericytes to maturing vessels during the resolution phase of wound healing are unknown. In this study, we examine the role of the chemokine receptor CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3) ligands, as they are produced by maturing endothelial cells. Pericytes isolated from muscle and retina were found to by and large only express the B‐isoform of CXCR3 (CXCR3B), with expression being independent of the mitotic state of the cells. Pericyte stimulation with the CXCR3 ligands Mig (CXCL9), IP‐9/I‐TAC (CXCL11), or IP‐10 (CXCL10) resulted in the activation of ERK but not AKT. Treatment with Mig or IP‐9, but not IP‐10, enhanced p38MAPK phosphorylation. Interestingly, while cyclic adenosine monophosphate is generated downstream of CXCR3B in other cells, protein kinase A activation was not observed in these pericytes when treated with these three CXCR3 ligands. The increase in ERK activity resulted in a slight increase in cell transmigration, with the inhibition of ERK leading to a decrease in CXCR3B mediated migration and inhibition of p38MAPK reducing transmigration through small pores. These ligands did not affect proliferation. These data are the first to characterize CXCR3B as the predominant isoform expressed on pericytes, and was found on these diverse cells isolated from both muscle and eye. We also show that CXCR3B signaling stimulates transmigration of barrier pores in pericytes as opposed to its inhibitory affects on endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These findings characterize a novel role for the CXCR3B in regulating cellular function. Taken together these data show a role for CXCR3B in regulating pericyte function.
On the Moral Equality of Combatants

THERE’S a well-known scene in Shakespeare’s Henry V in which the King, disguised as an ordinary soldier, is conversing with some of his soldiers on the eve of the battle of Agincourt. Hoping to find or inspire support among them, he remarks: “Methinks I could not die anywhere so contented as in the King’s company, his cause being just and his quarrel honorable. ” One soldier replies: “That’s more than we know,” whereupon a second says: “Ay, or more than we should seek after; for we know enough if we know we are the King’s subjects: if his cause be wrong, our obedience to the King wipes the crime of it out of us. ” I don’t know whether Shakespeare recognized the now familiar legal distinction between justification and excuse. But if he had meant for this soldier to be claiming only an excuse, he probably would have had him say that the King’s authority wipes the guilt from them. But instead he says that it clears them of the crime: that is, even if the cause for which they fight is wrong, they commit no crime, or do no wrong, in fighting for it. This has been the dominant view about participation in an unjust war throughout history. And it’s central to the theory of the just war in its currently orthodox form. According to contemporary just war theory, the principles governing the conduct of war make no distinction between soldiers whose war is just and those whose war is unjust. These principles are held to be equally satisfiable by all those who fight. According to the theory, combatants do wrong if they violate these principles, though not if their war contravenes the principles that determine whether a war is just. For these latter principles apply only to those who have a role in deciding whether to resort to war, or to keep a war going.