Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation of [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ols as Inhibitor of HUVEC Migration and Tube Formation

Allylated biphenol neolignans contain a variety of chemopreventive entities that have been used as anti-tumor drug leads. Herein, 37 allylated biphenols were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity by the MTT assay and inhibitory effect on the migration and tube formation of HUVECs featuring anti-angiogenic properties. 3-(2-Methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ol (5c) exerted an inhibitory effect on HUVECs compared to honokiol (IC50 = 47.0 vs. 52.6 μM) and showed significant blocking effects on the proliferation of C26, Hela, K562, A549, and HepG2 (IC50 = 15.0, 25.0, 21.2, 29.5, and 13.0 μM, respectively), superior to those of honokiol (IC50 = 65.1, 62.0, 42.0, 75.0, and 55.4 μM, respectively). Importantly, compound 5c inhibited the migration and capillary-like tube formation of HUVECs in vitro.
Determinants of Household Food Expenditure among Households Receiving Government Grants in South Africa

Government grants are a source of income for many households in South Africa. The grants are at the heart of the government’s poverty alleviation strategy. This necessitates an investigation into how these grants are spent and what determines this expenditure. This study analysed the determinants of food expenditure patterns of households receiving government grants. A quantitative research approach was followed, whereby 185 questionnaires were administered on a stratified random sample of residents residing in the township of Bophelong, which is a low-income neighbourhood in Southern Gauteng, South Africa. A multiple regression model was used to analyse the socio-economic factors that determine household food expenditure. The total amount of social grants received per household, the household size and the age of the household head were all found to exert a strong positive impact on food expenditures. In contrast, the marital status, employment status, educational attainment and gender of the household head were found to have no significant impact on household food expenditure. The findings of this study contribute to understanding how households utilise government grants by modelling the factors associated with food expenditure.
Parallel ecological diversification in Antarctic notothenioid fishes as evidence for adaptive radiation

Antarctic notothenioid fishes represent a rare example of a marine species flock. They evolved special adaptations to the extreme environment of the Southern Ocean including antifreeze glycoproteins. Although lacking a swim bladder, notothenioids have diversified from their benthic ancestor into a wide array of water column niches, such as epibenthic, semipelagic, cryopelagic and pelagic habitats. Applying stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope analyses to gain information on feeding ecology and foraging habitats, we tested whether ecological diversification along the benthic–pelagic axis followed a single directional trend in notothenioids, or whether it evolved independently in several lineages. Population samples of 25 different notothenioid species were collected around the Antarctic Peninsula, the South Orkneys and the South Sandwich Islands. The C and N stable isotope signatures span a broad range (mean δ13C and δ15N values between −25.4‰ and −21.9‰ and between 8.5‰ and 13.8‰, respectively), and pairwise niche overlap between four notothenioid families was highly significant. Analysis of isotopic disparity‐through‐time on the basis of Bayesian inference and maximum‐likelihood phylogenies, performed on a concatenated mitochondrial (cyt b) and nuclear gene (myh6, Ptr and tbr1) data set (3148 bp), showed that ecological diversification into overlapping feeding niches has occurred multiple times in parallel in different notothenioid families. This convergent diversification in habitat and trophic ecology is a sign of interspecific competition and characteristic for adaptive radiations.
Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in an Offender Population: A Meta-Analysis

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can create challenges to managing offenders and to their successful community reentry upon release. In this study, the researchers reviewed relevant articles in Pubmed, PsycInfo, Medline, and EmBase (1983 to 2009) and communicated with other researchers to identify 20 epidemiologic studies that met preestablished inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta- and subgroup analyses were conducted to calculate the prevalence of TBI and the effects of gender, offender type, and definition and method of identifying TBI. The estimated prevalence of TBI in the overall offender population was 60.25 (95% confidence interval: 48.08 to 72.41). A truer estimate of TBI prevalence in offending populations could lead to more appropriate resource allocation, screening, and management of offenders.
The Demand for Housing in Developing Countries: Empirical Estimates from Household Data

Cities in developing countries are growing at extraordinary rates, often compressing into decades the urbanization process that has taken centuries in developed countries. In coping with this growth, public authorities have devised a wide range of policy instruments to influence the rate and character of city expansion, to meet the needs of people for shelter and urban services, and to allocate resources in ways that redistribute both the costs and benefits of urban growth. Ideally, such policy formulation should be informed by a careful understanding of the behavior of urban markets; in fact, little information on market behavior is available to the policymakers of developing countries. Such basic information is needed for improved project design and, even more important, for improved sector-wide policies. This paper reports on research conducted at the World Bank to increase understanding of developing country housing markets; in particular, of housing-demand behavior. While the overall project examines both the demand for housing characteristics' and the demand for housing as a composite good, this paper addresses only the latter. The objectives of this paper are (1) to review briefly previous evidence on housing-demand parameters in developing countries; (2) to present new evidence on housing-demand parameters based on application of standardized models and comparable variable definitions in 16 cities in eight developing countries (Colombia, Egypt, El Salvador, Ghana, India, Jamaica, Korea, and the Philippines); and (3) to examine similarities and differences among cities in housing demand and, in a preliminary way, offer explanations for place-to-place differences. Limited comparisons are also made to two U.S. cities in order to begin comparison of developing and developed country market behavior.
How Many Cancer Patients Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Background. No comprehensive systematic review has been published since 1998 about the frequency with which cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Methods. MEDLINE, AMED, and Embase databases were searched for surveys published until January 2009. Surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand, and the United States with at least 100 adult cancer patients were included. Detailed information on methods and results was independently extracted by 2 reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using a criteria list developed according to the STROBE guideline. Exploratory random effects metaanalysis and metaregression were applied. Results. Studies from 18 countries (152; >65 000 cancer patients) were included. Heterogeneity of CAM use was high and to some extent explained by differences in survey methods. The combined prevalence for “current use” of CAM across all studies was 40%. The highest was in the United States and the lowest in Italy and the Netherlands. Metaanalysis suggested an increase in CAM use from an estimated 25% in the 1970s and 1980s to more than 32% in the 1990s and to 49% after 2000. Conclusions. The overall prevalence of CAM use found was lower than often claimed. However, there was some evidence that the use has increased considerably over the past years. Therefore, the health care systems ought to implement clear strategies of how to deal with this. To improve the validity and reporting of future surveys, the authors suggest criteria for methodological quality that should be fulfilled and reporting standards that should be required.
Effect of organizational relationship style on the level of knowledge sharing

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effect of organizational relationship style (employees' relationships with colleagues, supervisors, and the organization) on the sharing of knowledge in high-tech companies; it goes on to determine which particular relationship style is the most important in accounting for the extent of knowledge sharing in these companies. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses a quantitative approach. Research hypotheses are tested by statistical methods including Pearson Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, of which 182 valid questionnaires were returned (a 61 percent response). Findings - An organization should establish, and maintain, relationships between employees to improve the sharing of knowledge within the organization, ensure a high interaction between employees, and create well-arranged knowledge resources for the organization. Practical implications - The research shows that managers in the high-tech industry need to pay more attention to the interaction among organizational members. The relationship of an employee with the organization, supervisor and colleagues, and thus the willingness to share knowledge, can be improved via job rotation, implementation of a mentoring system, and role-playing activities. Originality/value - The significant findings of the study relate to high-tech industry in Taiwan. The proposed model can be replicated in other industrial and country settings in order to test its generality.
Cell Death and Regeneration of Renal Proximal Tubular Cells in Rats with Subchronic Cadmium Intoxication

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.6 mg cadmium (Cd)/kg/day for 8 wk. The subsequent changes in renal proximal tubules were studied histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. The urinary and tissue Cd concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. After 4 wk of exposure, apoptosis was observed predominantly in segment S3 along with epithelial regeneration in the affected tubules, and these changes gradually became more pronounced as the experimental period was prolonged. The apoptotic cells were shed into the lumen and were found to contain a large quantity of Cd. Apoptotic cells were counted in paraffin sections after various periods of exposure to Cd. Nuclear bromodeoxyuridine uptake, mitotic count, and nuclear density were used as indicators of tubular regeneration. A correlation was found between the numerical increase of apoptotic cells and the rate of urinary Cd excretion, and the rate of increase in the tissue Cd concentration had a tendency to reduce after 4 wk as the rate of urinary Cd increased. These observations suggest that apoptosis might be helpful for the efficient excretion of Cd into urine. Progressive increases in the preceding indicators of regeneration were observed. From our results, it appears that Cd-induced tubular damage, i.e., cell deletion due to apoptosis, is reversible as a result of marked epithelial regeneration. On the basis of these histological changes, the critical concentration of Cd required to produce renal tubular damage was estimated to be 600 μg/g dry tissue.
Credit Risk Management and Financial Performance of Selected Commercial Banks in Nigeria

The study examines the role of credit risk management in value creation process among commercial banks in Nigeria. The study reviews the concepts, theories, legal acts and standards relating to the credit risk management and then develops a conceptual model with four antecedents to credit risk. The study analyzes the impact of these antecedents such as antecedents are loan and advance loss provision, total loan and advances, non-performing loan and total asset on accounting Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Asset (ROA). The panel data come from 10 commercial banks listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) between 2006 and 2010. The results reveal that credit risk management has significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks and further recommend that maintaining minimum level of non-performing loans vis-A -vis provision for loans and advances will enhance financial performance through its positive effect on return on equity.
Demographic Maturity and Economic Performance: The Effect of Demographic Transitions on Per Capita GDP Growth

This paper estimates the response of per capita GDP growth to changes in the proportion of mature workers across countries. We define and estimate the effect of demographic maturity in two ways. First, a growing cohort of working age persons (15-64) is found to have a large positive effect on growth of GDP per capita. Second, an increase in the number of prime age workers (35-54) as a fraction of the total working age population (15-64) is found to have a positive but diminishing effect on per capita GDP growth. We find that growth peaks when the ratio of prime age workers over the potentially active population reaches 0.36. Beyond this ratio, diminishing returns set in. Several well known theoretical models of economic growth and labour market performance are consistent with these findings. In particular, the standard life-cycle framework, "Mincerian" earnings equations and personnel economic models of optimal mixes of youth and mature human capital all find confirmation in these estimates.
Increasing the Capacity of a Network: The Parametric Budget Problem

The problem considered in this paper is that of allocating a budget of resources among the links of a network for the purpose of increasing its flow capacity relative to given sources and sinks. On the assumption that the cost of increasing each link capacity is linear, a labeling algorithm is described that permits rapid calculation of optimal allocations for all budgets.
Migration patterns of donor astrocytes after reciprocal striatum–cerebellum transplantation into newborn hosts

Fragments of striatum or cerebellum from E 25 rabbit embryo were implanted into either the striatum or the mesencephalon of newborn mice. Implanted rabbit astrocytes were selectively identified by mono‐donal antibodies to the GFAP which are unable to combine with mouse GFAP. Previous investigations had shown that xenogenic astrocytes have the capacto migrate in host CNS. The purpose of this study was to compare the patterns of migration of transplant‐derived astroglial cells according to the topographic origin of the transplant and location of the grafting site. We found that the migration pattern of the grafted cells from any of both selected sites of implantation was independent from the topographic origin of the transplant. The routes as well as the distances of migration were similar after homo‐ or heterotopic transplantation. We conclude that astroglial cells or their precursors do not express information which would direct them to move specifically toward a defined region in the host brain according to the region of origin in the donor.
Impact of Applying the ABC on Improving the Financial Performance in Telecom Companies

The focus of this paper is to explore the impact of activity-based costing (ABC) on telecom companies performance. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire survey was considered, and structured interviews with selecting staffs in management accounting and financial departments were conducted to supplement the survey data. This paper shows that ABC is appropriate for telecom companies as a service sector. The result indicated a positive relationship between applying the ABC and the telecom companies financial performance, and the needed infrastructure to implement the ABC is available in telecom companies operations, but there are obstacles prevent telecom companies to apply the ABC in their operation to control cost and optimize expenses, which requires more studies.
An Information Layout Method for an Optical See-through HMD Considering the Background

In wearable computing environments, an optical see-through head mounted display (HMD) is one of the most suitable wearable devices for displaying information. Although the HMD can display information without interfering with the user's view, the displayed information is difficult to see when the HMD background is too complex or too bright. We have created an information layout method for the optical see-through HMD that takes the background into account. It determines the ideal area for displaying objects by evaluating the HMD background captured by a camera.
Market Liberalisation and Sustainability in Transition: Turning Points and Trends in Central and Eastern Europe

This contribution assesses the impact of market liberalisation on the sustainability of the transformation in ten Central and East European countries (CEE10). Although a significant body of literature assesses economic and social consequences of the transformation, there are limited numbers of investigations that examine the impact of liberalisation on the environment. For CEE countries, assessing environmental effects of structural change in the economy, rising personal consumption, rapid transition to market-oriented economies, and dramatically increased liberalisation is critical. Equally important is assessing the outcomes of environmental and other policy and institutional reforms. To assess these changes, a set of sustainability indicators is used to estimate an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and sustainability trends. The EKC concept assumes that environmental pressure rises initially with an increase in income but declines beyond some estimated level or ‘turning point’. The question is how market liberalisation has affected this observed relationship. This study demonstrates the progress of the CEE10, relative to other CEE and new independent states (NIS), and how much progress is still needed to secure more sustainable development.
The Adjustment of Housing Markets to Migration Change: Lessons from Modern History

This study is concerned with two issues: first, the factors that determine the local location decisions of migrants within the UK and, second, the impact of migrant communities on domestic housing markets. Most migration studies are concerned with the determinants of international migration to the UK. Few look at the drivers of the spatial distributions once migrants arrive. However, migrant housing is primarily a local, urban problem and, arguably, the main issue is the spatial concentrations, rather than absolute numbers. The UK has experienced waves of migrants throughout its history and these are well documented in the censuses since the mid 19th century. A feature of the study is its long‐run perspective, which allows the examination of the characteristics of the different waves and shows the high degree of persistence in spatial structures. The second part of the study examines why there is little evidence that migration has much effect on house prices, despite the popular perception that the impact is important. The study demonstrates that the nature of housing market adjustment is more complex than price indicators alone would suggest. Adjustment also takes place through changes to household formation and through the mobility of domestic residents, which mitigate the price effects.
Executive Functions Do Not Mediate Prospective Relations between Indices of Physical Activity and Academic Performance: The Active Smarter Kids (ASK) Study

Changes in cognitive function induced by physical activity have been proposed as a mechanism for the link between physical activity and academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate if executive function mediated the prospective relations between indices of physical activity and academic performance in a sample of 10-year-old Norwegian children. The study included 1,129 children participating in the Active Smarter Kids (ASK) trial, followed over 7 months. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with a latent variable of executive function (measuring inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) was used in the analyses. Predictors were objectively measured physical activity, time spent sedentary, aerobic fitness, and motor skills. Outcomes were performance on national tests of numeracy, reading, and English (as a second language). Generally, indices of physical activity did not predict executive function and academic performance. A modest mediation effect of executive function was observed for the relation between motor skills and academic performance. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registry, trial registration number: NCT02132494.
Five varieties of hydrogen bond in 1-formyl-3-thiosemicarbazide: an electron density study.

In an attempt to investigate the putative S-H.N hydrogen bond, we have studied the title compound, 1-formyl-3-thiosemicarbazide, which was revealed in a CSD search as a crystal structure which might show such an interaction. However, a redetermination of the structure at room temperature and careful analysis showed that the earlier study [Saxena et al. (1991). Acta Cryst. C47, 2374-2376] on which the CSD search was based was in error and that the possibility of an S-H.N hydrogen bond is negated. The presence of five other varieties of hydrogen bond (N-H.O, N-H.S, N-H.N, C-H.O, C-H.S) in the crystal packing prompted us to redirect our efforts and to undertake a study of the charge-density distribution at 90 K. The topological analysis of these five varieties of hydrogen bond was carried out with Bader's quantum theory of ;atoms in molecules' and by applying Koch-Popelier's criteria. The analysis reveals that the hydrogen-bond strength is highest for N-H.O and lowest for C-H.S with N-H.S, N-H.N and C-H.O forming the middle order.
Highly Efficient Analog Maximum Power Point Tracking (AMPPT) in a Photovoltaic System

A compact-size analog maximum power point tracking (AMPPT) technique is proposed in this paper for high power efficiency in the photovoltaic (PV) system. Combining existing MPPT approaches, we present a fast and accurate tracking performance. Here, a wide-range current multiplier, which tracks the maximum power point (MPP) in the solar power system, is implemented to detect the power slope condition of the solar panel. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can rapidly track the MPP with a high tracking accuracy of 97.3%. Furthermore, the proposed system can connect to the grid-connected inverter to supply ac power.