Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sum-Rate Maximization in Sub-28-GHz Millimeter-Wave MIMO Interfering Networks

MIMO systems in the lower part of the millimetre-wave (mmWave) spectrum band (i.e., below 28 GHz) do not exhibit enough directivity and selectively, as compared to their counterparts in higher bands of the spectrum (i.e., above 60 GHz), and thus still suffer from the detrimental effect of interference, on the system sum rate. As such systems exhibit large numbers of antennas and short coherence times for the channel, traditional methods of distributed coordination are ill-suited, and the resulting communication overhead would offset the gains of coordination. In this paper, we propose algorithms for tackling the sum-rate maximization problem that are designed to address the above-mentioned limitations. We derive a lower bound on the sum rate, a so-called difference of log and trace (DLT) bound, shed light on its tightness, and highlight its decoupled nature at both the transmitters and receivers. Moreover, we derive the solution to each of the subproblems that we dub non-homogeneous waterfilling (a variation on the MIMO waterfilling solution), and underline an inherent desirable feature: its ability to turn-OFF streams exhibiting low SINR, and contribute to greatly speeding up the convergence of the proposed algorithm. We then show the convergence of the resulting algorithm, max-DLT, to a stationary point of the DLT bound. Finally, we rely on extensive simulations of various network configurations, to establish the fast-converging nature of our proposed schemes, and thus their suitability for addressing the short coherence interval, as well as the increased system dimensions, arising when managing interference in lower bands of the mmWave spectrum. Moreover, our results suggest that interference management still brings about significant performance gains, especially in dense deployments.
Dispositional trust — Do we trust autonomous cars?

The 21st century is the age of automatization. While before the millennium day-to-day applications were semi-autonomous since they necessitated human intervention in achieving their goals, now we are living in a society that expects trustworthy autonomous systems in the industrial and business life as well as in their private life that can attain goals independently without any human intervention [1]. The automatons might be on the verge of completion, but are the people ready for them, or will they hesitate to use them because of lack of trust? Present article endeavours the tackle the issue of trust in automatic systems on the basis of a primary research on attitudes toward (semi) automated vehicles.
Housing wealth, credit conditions and consumption

There is widespread disagreement about the role of housing wealth in explaining consumption. Much of the empirical literature is marred by poor controls for the common drivers both of house prices and consumption, including income, income growth expectations, interest rates, credit supply conditions, other assets and indicators of income uncertainty (such as changes in the unemployment rate). For instance, while the easing of credit supply conditions is usually followed by a house price boom, failure to control for the direct effect of credit liberalization on consumption can over-estimate the effect of housing wealth or collateral on consumption. This paper suggests an empirical model grounded in theory with more complete controls than hitherto used. It is applied to modeling consumption in the UK and South Africa. Both countries experienced substantial credit market liberalization and rising consumption to income ratios. However, South Africa’s circumstances in the 1980s prevented an asset price boom, thus allowing the illumination of the direct role of credit liberalization. The paper incorporates methodological improvements in the measurement of credit conditions, and also clarifies the multi-faceted effects of credit liberalization on consumption.
Spatial Agglomeration and Wages in the U.S. Biotechnology Sector

Recent studies show that firms and workers benefit from the geographic concentration or spatial agglomeration of employment in a local labor market. While economic geographers have devoted considerable attention to the benefits firms receive from spatial agglomeration, the reasons workers may benefit in the form of higher wages are less clear. I draw from several theoretical perspectives in order to explain the relationship between spatial agglomeration and wages for U.S. biotech workers, including the new economic geography, new structuralism, organizational ecology, and the new economic sociology. Using the 1990 PUMS-L, I employ a hierarchical linear model in order to test hypotheses from these perspectives. The results indicate that biotech workers benefit more from industrial than urban agglomeration, and these benefits are primarily due to the greater degree of organizational diversity in large industry clusters and urban labor markets.
Educational Opportunity in San Francisco's Mission Neighborhood: Assessing Critical Conditions for Children and Youth in Mission Promise Neighborhood Schools

The Center for Latino Policy Research (CLPR) at the University of California, Berkeley served as MPN’s university partner, responsible for completing a comprehensive needs assessment and segmentation analysis of the Mission neighborhood and the MPN target school population. This report represents the core findings of this investigation, which was included as part of the implementation proposal submitted in July 2012 to the U.S. Department of Education for consideration of funding.
Efficiency and Observability with Long-Run and Short-Run Players

We present a general algorithm for computing the limit, as I´ â†’ 1, of the set of payoffs of perfect public equilibria of repeated games with long-run and short-run players, allowing for the possibility that the playersâ€² actions are not observable by their opponents. We illustrate the algorithm with two economic examples. In a simple partnership we show how to compute the equilibrium payoffs when the folk theorem fails. In an investment game, we show that two competing capitalists subject to moral hazard may both become worse off if their firms are merged and they split the profits from the merger. Finally, we show that with short-run players each long-run playerâ€²s highest equilibrium payoff is generally greater when their realized actions are observed.
Short Communication SPECIAL ISSUE: Evolutionary Dynamics of Tree Invasions Introduction to the special issue: Tree invasions: towards a better understanding of their complex evolutionary dynamics

Many invasive plants show evidence of trait-based evolutionary change, but these remain largely unexplored for invasive trees. The increasing number of invasive trees and their tremendous impacts worldwide, however, illustrates the urgent need to bridge this knowledge gap to apply efficient management. Consequently, an interdisciplinary workshop, held in 2015 at Stellenbosch University in Stellenbosch, South Africa, brought together international researchers to discuss our understanding of evolutionary dynamics in invasive trees. The main outcome of this workshop is this Special Issue of AoB PLANTS. The collection of papers in this issue has helped to identify and assess the evolutionary mechanisms that are likely to influence tree invasions. It also facilitated expansion of the unified framework for biological invasions to incorporate key evolutionary processes. The papers cover a wide range of evolutionary mechanisms in tree genomes (adaptation), epigenomes (phenotypic plasticity) and their second genomes (mutualists), and show how such mechanisms can impact tree invasion processes and management. The special issue provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that promote and mitigate the invasive success of tree species in many parts of the world. It also shows that incorporating evolutionary concepts is crucial for understanding the complex drivers of tree invasions and has much potential to improve management. The contributions of the special issue also highlight many priorities for further work in the face of ever-increasing tree invasions; the complexity of this research needs calls for expanded interdisciplinary research collaborations.
Patient tolerance of craniotomy performed with the patient under local anesthesia and monitored conscious sedation.

OBJECTIVE Craniotomy and brain mapping performed with the patient under local anesthesia and monitored sedation is an important technique to allow optimal resection of brain tumors or other lesions in close apposition to eloquent cortex. The subjective experience of patients undergoing this procedure has not been addressed in the literature. METHODS This study formally, intensively, and prospectively assessed the subjective experience of 21 consecutive patients undergoing this procedure. Assessment involved structured interviews at 2 to 3 days postoperatively by a member of the surgical team and at 1 month postoperatively by a psychiatrist, supplemented by pre- and postoperative assessments of the patients' moods using the brief Profile of Mood States questionnaire. RESULTS At the 1-month interview, all patients were entirely comfortable with the experience and there were no indications of adverse psychological sequelae of the event. In the early postoperative interview, approximately one-half of the patients reported that the experience was entirely satisfactory, without any intraoperative discomfort or pain. One-third of the patients recalled minor difficulties at some stage of the experience, and one-fifth recalled moderate difficulties. An operating room score was devised to quantify the data. Minor technical changes are suggested to improve the patients' subjective experience. CONCLUSIONS This series confirmed that this technique is a very useful and safe technique for resection of lesions involving eloquent cortex that might otherwise be considered inoperable. This procedure involves a level of stress that remains within the tolerance level of the average adult.
Low-loss converters between optical silicon waveguides of different sizes and types

Two types of low-loss converters between different optical waveguides on silicon-on-insulator are demonstrated. A vertical taper between 9.4- and 3.8-/spl mu/m-thick single-moded rib waveguides gives an excess loss of 0.7/spl plusmn/0.2 dB with negligible polarization dependency. The second structure converts a 9.7-/spl mu/m-thick rib waveguide into an equally thick and highly multimoded strip waveguide with a negligible loss (<0.07 dB) for the fundamental mode. The fabrication of both structures is based on a simple two-step etch process with a relaxed mask alignment tolerance and no need for epitaxy.
The Euro after Two Years

Ladies and gentlemen, it is a great pleasure and an honour for me to be speaking here, in London, at the invitation of the Journal of Common Market Studies, in front of such a distinguished audience. I am particularly happy to express my views on the already successful existence of the euro and monetary union, and the conditions and prospects for their further success. On 1 January 1999, a unique event in the history of Europe occurred. The euro was born and the irreversible nature of this change has convinced an increasing number of economic players that the success of the euro is necessary for Europe. It is a keystone of the European single market, which will ensure prosperity in Europe for the benefit of the rest of the world. I would like to draw your attention to why the euro and monetary union have been successful from the outset, and to the conditions and prospects for building on this success.
The correlates of poverty in Nigeria and policy implications

Apart from presenting the poverty profile, this paper examines the correlates of poverty with multivariate models that predict the probability of being poor using data from the Nigerian National Consumer Survey (NCS) of 2003/2004. The probability of a household being poor was examined for the nation as a whole, as well as male-headed and female-headed households and for urban/rural geographical areas. In particular, the variables that are positively and significantly correlated with the probability of being poor nationally are: household size, lack of education, residence in the North Central zone, being single, and being a Moslem. The variables that are negatively and significantly correlated with the probability of being poor are: age of the household head, quadratic of household size, residence in an urban area, post-secondary (tertiary) education attainment, being a Christian, and residence in the south south, southeast, southwest, and northeast zones of the country. Based on the results, we recommend a number of policy interventions (including a broad poverty reduction framework) necessary to reduce poverty in Nigeria and similar African countries.
Wealth and Time Preference in Rural Ethiopia

This study measured the discount rates of a sample of 262 farm households in the Ethiopian highlands, using a time preference experiment with real payoffs. In general, the median discount rate was very high—more than double the interest rate on the outstanding debt—and varied systematically with wealth and risk aversion. Although we do not have a good theory for explaining the linkage between rates-of-time preferences (RTPs) and risk aversion, our findings warn that these two aspects of household behavior reinforce each other and are easily confused. Our results have important implications for understanding households’ behavior. Because the RTPs were so high, what might seem like profitable investments from the outside might not seem so from the farmers’ perspectives. Furthermore, when future returns were uncertain, risk-averse decision makers favored projects with shorter payback periods and were less willing to invest in projects with long-term benefits. Formal capital market development, including lending and mortgage markets—currently non-existent in most of rural Ethiopia—may help reduce RTPs and cause more investments to be acceptable. The results also suggested the need for more research on the linkages between risk aversion and RTPs in low-income countries.
Interest rate risk and time‐varying excess returns for Asian property stocks

Purpose – Aims to investigate whether the level and volatility of interest rates affect the excess returns of major Asian listed property markets within a time‐varying risk framework.Design/methodology/approach – A three‐factor model is employed with excess return volatility, interest rate level and interest rate volatility as its factors. The generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedasticity in the mean (GARCH‐M) analyzes are undertaken on monthly excess returns of property stock indexes for the period 1987‐2003.Findings – Property stocks are generally sensitive to changes in the long‐term and short‐term interest rates and to a lesser extent, their volatility. Moreover, there are disparities in the magnitude as well as direction of sensitivities in interest rate level and volatility across the listed property markets and under different market conditions. Overall, results indicate changes in the ARCH parameter, risk premia, volatility persistence and interest rate level and volatility effects b.
Human resource management, trade unions and empowerment: two cases from India

This paper discusses the introduction of schemes aimed at employee empowerment within a context of strong industrial relations in India. The pressure put on profit margins by a competitive business environment is forcing an increasing number of Indian enterprises to view employee empowerment as a serious strategic option. Getting workers to take responsibility for shop-floor decisions over quality, safety, productivity and material use appears, at first sight, an alluring prospect. It would seem that men and women at the bottom of the pyramid cannot but be warmly appreciative of power-sharing arrangements from which they have something to gain, but there are forces at work which can actively obstruct or quietly subvert attempts at redistributing power. In this paper the focus is on some of the motives a trade union might have to do so.
Localization of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system

Serum antibodies against ganglioside GM1 and/or GD1b are frequently detected in autoimmune neuropathies such as multifocal motor neuropathy, IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Some of them bind to GM1 or GD1b monospecifically but others cross‐react with both of the antigens. In order to investigate the respective localizations of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system, an immunohistochemical study was performed using two mouse monoclonal antibodies, each monospecific to GM1 and GD1b. GGR12, monospecific to GD1b, bound to neurons in dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia, and some parts of the peripheral myelin, mainly the paranodal areas. However GMB16, monospecific to GM1, did not bind to either neurons or myelin. GD1b antigen present on neurons and paranodal myelin in the peripheral nervous system can be a target antigen of serum antibodies in autoimmune neuropathies. Further effort should be made to reveal the localization of GM1 antigen in the human peripheral nervous system.
Corporate governance voluntary disclosures in developing countries: evidence from Jordanian banks

The main objective of the current study is to determine the corporate governance mechanisms and company's characteristics that effect on the level of voluntary disclosure provided by Jordanian banking listed companies; it represents a sample period from 2007 to 2010 within an agency theory framework. The current research employed a disclosure index method that includes 80 items to investigate the level of corporate governance voluntary disclosure into the annual reports of 15 Jordanian banking listed companies. The findings illustrate that the mean per company is 59.52% of the items included in the index. The study indicates that there is no relationship between voluntary disclosure and corporate governance. In addition, the findings suggested that there is a significant positive relationship between the level of voluntary disclosure and the size of the company, financial leverage and the number of the bank's branches. It is believed that the findings of the study represent a significant contribution to knowledge.
The stock exchanges of Ireland

The Stock Exchanges of Ireland traces the evolution of the markets which have operated in Ireland from their emergence (Dublin at the end of the eighteenth century, and later Belfast and Cork in the nineteenth) to the mid-1980s when this book was published. It starts with the historical circumstances - the beginnings of the Irish National Debt in the mid-eighteenth century and the problems of government borrowing in time of peace and war - which preceded the formation, in 1799, of the Dublin Stock Exchange. Later chapters examine many aspects of the market's development during the nineteenth century: changes in its practices and customs; the origins of some of the oldest surviving broking firms; the important trade in government securities between London and Dublin; the Irish railways; and the formation of joint stock companies in Ireland. Finally, the role of the Stock Exchange in the finance of government and industry since Irish independence is fully covered. Throughout, The Stock Exchanges of Ireland is soundly based on the surviving records (to which the author was granted full access) of the three Irish markets - Dublin, Cork and Belfast. Important new material was also obtained from the Irish Record Office, the National Library of Ireland, the archives of the Bank of Ireland and the Record Office of the Bank of England. The book makes a comprehensive and significant contribution to Irish and financial history, and will prove an essential work of reference. It is also a lively, readable account of growth, change and development in the Irish markets, which should interest all concerned with banking, finance, investment and stockbroking. Among W. A. Thomas's other publications on the history of financial institutions are The Stock Exchange: Its History and Functions (with E. Victor Morgan) (1962), The Provincial Stock Exchanges (1973) and The Finance of British Industry 1918-1966 (1980) .
The wheat MYB-related transcription factor TaMYB72 promotes flowering in rice.

Through large-scale transformation analyses, TaMYB72 was identified as a flowering time regulator in wheat. TaMYB72 is a MYB family transcription factor localized to the nucleus. Three TaMYB72 homologs, TaMYB72-A, TaMYB72-B and TaMYB72-D, cloned from hexaploid wheat were mapped to the short arm of the group 6 chromosomes. Under the long-day conditions, over-expression of the TaMYB72 in rice shortened the flowering time by approximately 12 d. Expression analyses suggest that TaMYB72 may function through up-regulation of florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1.
The Georgia Department of Corrections: An Exploratory Reflection on Correctional Officer Turnover and its Correlates

An exploratory study was conducted to determine the reasons for correctional officer turnover at the Georgia Department of Corrections (GDC). The results indicated that job satisfaction and organizational commitment were factors predicting turnover trend for correctional officers at the agency. Components of job satisfaction such as recognition, compensation, salaries, advancement, creativity, responsibility, moral values and achievement were significantly predictive of turnover for correctional officers. Affective and normative commitment—components of organizational commitment—were also found to be significantly predictive of correctional officer turnover. In addition, this result was achieved only when turnover was conceptualized as intention to quit. This study finds intention to quit to be a better predictor of turnover than actual turnover data.
Okun's law in panels of countries and states

This article contributes to the empirical literature of Okun's law in three respects. First, in contrast to the limited data used in the existing studies, we employ two extensive (across countries and across states, i.e. within a country) panel data sets to investigate the validity of Okun's law. Second, the use of the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator permits us not to pre-filter the data as often done in the current literature, and can take into account the possibility of cointegration between unemployment and output. Third, in addition to the short-run relationship or cyclical components between unemployment and output, we also estimate the long-run linkage between these two important variables. Empirical results show that unemployment and output are long-run cointegrated, irrespective of using country- or state-level data. Moreover, the unemployment-output linkages are found to be negative and highly significant both in the short- and long-run. Our results not only confirm the validity of Okun's law (in the short-run) but also point out that a similar tradeoff exists in the long run.
Schema Networks : Generalised Policies with Deep Learning

In this paper, we introduce the Action Schema Network (ASNet): a neural network architecture for learning generalised policies for probabilistic planning problems. By mimicking the relational structure of planning problems, ASNets are able to adopt a weight sharing scheme which allows the network to be applied to any problem from a given planning domain. This allows the cost of training the network to be amortised over all problems in that domain. Further, we propose a training method which balances exploration and supervised training on small problems to produce a policy which remains robust when evaluated on larger problems. In experiments, we show that ASNet’s learning capability allows it to significantly outperform traditional non-learning planners in several challenging domains.