Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'Better Make It a Double': Perceived Relatedness Increases Reported Attractiveness

Sexual selection shaped psychological mechanisms in both sexes to assess potential mates for evidence of mate quality (Buss, 2005). Attraction preferences are one such mechanism (Sugiyama, 2005) and physical attraction preferences are sensitive to fitness-promoting traits present in a potential mate. Physically attractive traits are thought to act as signals of good genetic quality (Neff & Pitcher, 2005) and are preferred because of the advantage such quality bestows towards reproductive success. Specifically, genetic quality is proposed to be a biological requirement necessary for physically attractive traits to develop and be maintained (Johnstone & Grafen, 1993). Furthermore, genetic quality is heritable to offspring, thereby increasing offspring reproductive success (Orr, 2009). All mating decisions inherently involve trade-offs due to costs inflicted on time and resources when choosing a long-term mate. Assessing a mate for genetic quality is imperative to ensuring one selects a quality mate with heritable fitness benefits towards offspring reproductive success (Buss, 2005). In order to minimize costs and maximize benefits when making mate selection decisions, humans use multiple and redundant signals of mate quality (Fink & Penton-Voak, 2002; Møller & Pomiankowski, 1993). Accordingly, this study supposed that siblings act as redundant signals of genetic quality that would factor into mating decisions. Because genetic quality is heritable (Houle, 1991) and visible through physical attractiveness (Thornhill & Gangestad, 1999), this study explored the possibility that knowledge of relatedness influenced attractiveness judgments of human faces. Supporting the main hypothesis of the current study, siblings affected judgments of physical attractiveness for target faces. Analyses showed this effect to be driven entirely by female raters for both male [t(62)=3.87, p<. 001] and female [t(61)=2.24, p=. 029] target faces. Secondary analyses examining the effects of sibling pair attractiveness differences (low vs. high) showed that relatedness significantly increased female ratings of facial attractiveness for both low and high facially attractive male and low facially attractive female target faces. Results offer two possible conclusions as to the role relatedness may serve in mate quality assessments that align with parental investment as well as kin selection assumptions. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This author would like to thank all who have donated their time and energy towards this project: To Dr. Williams for his overall guidance of this study and for providing the initial aim of our experimental gamble. To Dr. Lewis and Dr. Moreno for their contributions to the editing and critical evaluation of this paper as well as their efforts towards …
An Seu Exercise for Student Strategic Decision Analysis

Contingency approaches to strategic decision making maintain that the essence of strategy is the matching of the organization with its environment. This matching process is based on comprehensive analysis of both the organization and the environment. The complexity and abstract nature of strategy situations make this analysis and the subsequent decision making a very difficult cognitive task which is not easily learned. Under conditions of bounded rationality in complex situations, critical information can easily be ignored, certain kinds of information can be overvalued, and choices can be made which are not consis-
Okul Yöneticilerinin Sosyal İletişim Becerileri ile Öğretmenlerin Motivasyon Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki [doi: 10.14527/kuey.2014.009]

In this study, we intend to detect the relationship between the social communication skills of the school administrators serving in secondary schools and motivation levels of branch teachers according to the gender, expertise and seniority variables of the teachers. The study is a quantitative study in relationship survey model. The study population consists of a total of 531 teachers serving in Turkish, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Studies and English branches in secondary schools in the central district of Sivas. 211 teachers who are selected by cluster sampling method constitute, on the other hand, the sample of the study. Pearson's correlation was used in the analysis of the data obtained at the end of the study. According to study findings, it was found that there was a high level, positive and significant relationship between social communication skills of school administrators serving in secondary schools and the motivation of branch teachers and that such relationship occurs in different levels according to the gender, expertise and seniority variables of the teachers.
Strategic processing of text.

Schemas for a subject domain can make reading new information about that domain easier. It was hypothesized that when students read about familiar topics, they use a reinstatement- and-integration strategy in which the familiar knowledge they encounter is retrieved from long-term memory, along with some information about the original context in which those facts were learned. Two experiments that focused on the integration of knowledge from different sources were conducted to investigate whether readers use such a strategy when reading expository text about recently learned topics. The proposed strategy is consistent with much of the observed data
High-Stakes Testing of Students with Disabilities

States and districts are required by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (Public Law 105-17) to have students with disabilities participate in state and district assessments and to report on their performance. High-stakes testing is a significant part of standardsbased reform and educational accountability. However, there are both intended and unintended consequences of high-stakes testing on students with disabilities. There is the potential for these assessments to result in many benefits for students with disabilities, but educators need to know about the ways to ensure that this happens. Participation on Individualized Education Plan teams, good decisions about accommodations and alternate assessments, and careful thought about diploma options and related issues can help students realize the benefits of high-stakes testing.
Solution-deposited CuIn(S,Se)2 absorber layers from metal chalcogenides

CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISS) thin films were deposited using metal chalcogenide precursor solutions. This process involves the dissolution of metal chalcogenides in a solvent combination comprised of ethylenediamine and ethanedithiol and it serves as a safer alternative to the hydrazine-based approach. The characterization of the deposited material verifies the presence of the CISS chalcopyrite phase with good crystal growth. CISS devices were completed in a glass/Mo/CISS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO configuration with power conversion efficiencies of 6%. The use of a safer solvent mixture and the avoidance of a complicated precursor synthesis can potentially result in a feasible and industrially scalable deposition methodology for CIGS.
Detection of mines and minelike targets using principal component and neural-network methods

This paper introduces a new system for real-time detection and classification of arbitrarily scattered surface-laid mines from multispectral imagery data of a minefield. The system consists of six channels which use various neural-network structures for feature extraction, detection, and classification of targets in six different optical bands ranging from near UV to near IR. A single-layer autoassociative network trained using the recursive least square (RLS) learning rule was employed in each channel to perform feature extraction. Based upon the extracted features, two different neural-network architectures were used and their performance was compared against the standard maximum likelihood (ML) classification scheme. The outputs of the detector/classifier network in all the channels were fused together in a final decision-making system. Two different final decision making schemes using the majority voting and weighted combination based on consensual theory were considered. Simulations were performed on real data for six bands and on several images in order to account for the variations in size, shape, and contrast of the targets and also the signal-to-clutter ratio. The overall results showed the promise of the proposed system for detection and classification of mines and minelike tagets.
Update of a prospective study of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry

Aims: To update the analysis of the cohort mortality and cancer incidence study of employees in the Australian petroleum industry. Methods: Employees from 1981 to 1996 were traced through the Australian National Death Index and the National Cancer Statistics Clearing House. Cause specific mortality and cancer incidence were compared with those of the Australian population by means of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). Associations between increased incidence of specific cancers and employment in the petroleum industry were tested by trends according to period of first employment, duration of employment, latency, and hydrocarbon exposure, adjusting for personal smoking history where appropriate. Total follow up time was 176 598 person-years for males and 10 253 person-years for females. Results: A total of 692 of the 15 957 male subjects, and 16 of the 1206 female subjects had died by the cut off date, 31 December 1996. In males, the all-cause SMR and the SMRs for all major disease categories were significantly below unity. There was a non-significant increase of the all-cancer SIR (1.04, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.11). There was a significant increase of the incidence of melanoma (SIR 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.81), bladder cancer (SIR 1.37, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.83), and prostate cancer (SIR 1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.40), and a marginally significant excess of pleural mesothelioma (SIR 1.80, 95% CI 0.90 to 3.22), leukaemia (SIR 1.39, 95%CI 0.91 to 2.02), and multiple myeloma (SIR 1.72, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84). Conclusions: Most cases of mesothelioma are probably related to past exposure to asbestos in refineries. The melanoma excess may be the result of early diagnosis. The excess bladder cancer has not been observed previously in this industry and is not readily explained. The divergence between cancer incidence and cancer mortality suggests that the “healthy worker effect” may be related to early reporting of curable cancers, leading to increased likelihood of cure and prolonged mean survival time.
An Optimal and Practical Approach to Single Constant Multiplication

We propose an exact solution to the single constant multiplication (SCM) problem. Existing optimal algorithms are limited to constants of up to 19 bits. Our algorithm requires less than 10 s on average to find a solution for a 32 bit constant. Optimality is guaranteed via an exhaustive search. We analyze two common SCM frameworks and the corresponding search strategies that each framework facilitates. Combining the strengths of both frameworks, we obtain highly aggressive pruning. The various strategies used in our algorithm and their underlying intuition are discussed extensively in this paper.
A Formal Proof of the Optimal Frame Setting for Dynamic-Frame Aloha With Known Population Size

In dynamic-frame Aloha, subsequent frame lengths must be optimally chosen to maximize throughput. When the initial population size N is known, numerical evaluations show that the maximum efficiency is achieved by setting the frame length equal to the backlog size at each subsequent frame; however, to the best of our knowledge, a formal proof of this result is still missing, and is provided here. As byproduct, we also prove that the asymptotic efficiency in the optimal case is e-1, provide tight upper and lower bounds for the length of the entire transmission period, and show that its asymptotic behavior is ~ne-ζ ln(n) with ζ =-0.5/\ln (1-e-1).
The regressing ‘culture of anarchy’ in ancient China and its implications for Wendt's progressive constructivism

What does the qualitative increase in the brutality of international relations in the Eastern Zhou period of ancient China (770–221bc) mean for the implicit progressivism of Alexander Wendt's constructivism, as espoused in his landmark text Social Theory of International Politics (1999)? Wendt's constructivism is useful in understanding international systems outside the contemporary Westphalian order and provides an excellent analytical tool for understanding ancient China. However, this article argues that Wendt's implicit teleology of progressively cooperative ‘cultures of anarchy’ in international politics is empirically questionable. It is demonstrated that such a progression is not supported by the historical evidence of ancient China, which represents an instance of an international system ‘regressing’ from a more to a less cooperative international social structure.
Association Between Postexercise Hypotension and Long-term Training-Induced Blood Pressure Reduction: A Pilot Study

Objective:The interindividual variability in the efficacy of regular endurance exercise to lower blood pressure is high. Therefore, to optimize training prescriptions, predictors would be desirable. The main hypothesis of the present study was an association between postexercise hypotension after an exhaustive exercise test and chronic blood pressure reductions in response to an endurance training program. Design:Uncontrolled prospective training study. Setting:University department. Participants:Healthy untrained subjects were recruited by flyers. Inclusion criteria were age 30 to 60 years, body mass index 25 to 35 kg/m2, untrained status (<1 hour/week regular activity; V[Combining Dot Above]O2max < 45 mL·min−1·kg−1), blood pressure 150/95 mm Hg, nonsmoker; 14 subjects were included, 12 could be analyzed. Intervention:Walking/running 4 times per week at 60% heart rate reserve for 4 weeks. Main Outcome Measures:Difference in blood pressure from the initial resting value to 1 and 24 hours after the initial test (acute) and the resting value before the final test (chronic), respectively. Results:Initial resting systolic blood pressure was 134 ± 18 mm Hg. Values were significantly reduced at all time points thereafter (1 hour: 125 ± 13 mm Hg; 24 hours: 128 ± 12 mm Hg; final: 125 ± 18 mm Hg). Acute and chronic changes correlated significantly (1 hour: P = 0.003; r = 0.77; 24 hours: P = 0.017; r = 0.67). Results for diastolic blood pressure were comparable yet less pronounced. Conclusions:The magnitude of postexercise hypotension is a promising candidate for the prediction of individual blood pressure–related training efficacy. Easily determined, it might be used to improve training prescriptions. However, further studies are needed to assess predictive accuracy.
On Critical Reflection

This paper presents an analysis and clarification of the major role of critical reflection of assumptions (CRA) in adult learning. It examines the differences among types of critical reflection, the role of CRA in the Transformation Theory of adult learning, philosophical foundations of CRA, its development over the lifespan, non-cognitive aspects, its function in both tacit and explicit decision-making, and its role in the validation of beliefs and expressions of feelings through discourse. The paper includes a taxonomy of applications of CRA and discussion of educational implications of this construct.
James Madison’s Psychology of Public Opinion

This article argues that in his “Party Press Essays,” James Madison expounds a psychology of public opinion that is identifiable, but less developed, in his earlier writings. In these essays, Madison explains how a territorial mean, or a “practicable sphere,” contributes to a psychological mean that creates a context for the emergence of an enlightened majority capable of mobilizing against an abusive regime. Attending to Madison’s psychology of public opinion highlights the political importance of affect in Madison’s thought and clarifies his position regarding the appropriate role of the people in a republic.
The Color of Their Collar: Effects of Social Status Portrayal in Advertising on Self-Esteem

The social identity framework suggests that exposure to high-status ingroup or low-status outgroup portrayals enhances self-esteem through positive ingroup distinctiveness. In this study, the effects of racial group portrayals in print advertisements on Blacks’ and Whites’ self-esteem and advertising responses were investigated in an experiment. A series of mock ads were pretested and developed manipulating character race (Black, White) and social status (high-status, low-status), resulting in four conditions. Blacks higher in ethnic identity reported enhanced self-esteem when exposed to lower-status White characters (negative outgroup portrayal), whereas Blacks lower in ethnic identity reported enhanced self-esteem when exposed to higher-status Black characters (positive ingroup portrayal). Advertising outcome measures (attitude toward the ad, purchase intentions) also revealed that level of ethnic identity moderates responses by Black subjects. White subjects reported lower self-esteem after exposure to lower-status Black characters. White participant responses suggest Blacks are not viewed as a competing outgroup, whereas Black participant responses indicate Blacks do not respond to race or social status in advertising uniformly, but rather their level of ethnic identity moderates self-esteem and attitudinal responses to ingroup and outgroup portrayals.
Needs of Family Caregivers Caring for Stroke Patients

Abstract The objective of the study was to identify the needs of family members across rehabilitation treatment phases and treatment settings. Participants were 123 family caregivers in rehabilitation settings in South Korea that replied to the survey. The needs were measured by the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ) and the t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze collected data. In the comparison of two rehabilitation phases, the family caregivers caring for their patients in the acute rehabilitation phase perceived the need for health information as more important than those in the postacute phase. In addition, the family caregivers caring for patients in the acute rehabilitation phase were less satisfied with community network support and family support than those in the postacute phase. In the comparison of treatment settings, family caregivers caring for their patients in outpatient clinic services showed the lowest satisfaction of their needs in four areas (health information, emotional support, instrumental support, and professional support) compared with those in inpatient facilities or day hospitals. Findings are discussed within the context of the empirical and theoretical literature and implications for social work practice are considered.
Perceived stress and health-related outcomes in a Swiss population sample 1This research was supported by grants from the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, the Swiss Foundation of Health Promotion and the Swiss Federal Office of Sports.

This cross-sectional study aimed at analysing the perception of stress and its relation to health-related outcomes in the Swiss population. A sample drawn from this population included 992 participants aged 15 to 64 years. The interview covered socio-demographic data, perceived stress, psychological and somatic symptoms as well as perceived general health status. Patterns of stress were grouped into three categories. “Stressed” included persons who reported that they felt overwhelmed by stressful situations during the previous month. “Challenged” included those who reported that they experienced stressful situations but could manage those well. “Not stressed” consisted of respondents who did not experience stress. Results indicated that 38.6% of the sample reported being stressed, 33.3% challenged and 28.1% not stressed. Analysis of the distribution of perceived stress showed that, in particular, women, younger people, single parents, students and the self-employed felt stressed relatively often. In a log.
Developing Musically, Spiritually, and Jewishly All at One Time: Jewish Choral Activity as Adult Jewish Education

Research about Jewish choral singers provides insight to a previously unstudied population of adult Jewish learners. Drawing on over 2,000 responses to the First-Ever Survey of Jewish Choral Activity, this article describes how Jewish choral experiences enable adults to deepen their involvement in Jewish life and learning. Survey results suggest that participants in Jewish choral groups resemble secular singers in terms of social, identity, and skill development, but derive additional benefits in terms of Jewish Peoplehood, Jewish Competence, Spirituality, and Jewish Community. Jewish choral activities particularly benefit singers under 45 by providing them opportunities to integrate their Jewish and musical lives.
Neutrophil Elastase and Proteinase-3 Trigger G Protein-biased Signaling through Proteinase-activated Receptor-1 (PAR1)*

Background: Proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is a proteolytically activated G protein-coupled receptor. Neutrophil-derived enzymes might regulate PAR1 signaling. Results: Neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3 cleave and activate PAR1 signaling that is distinct from thrombin-triggered responses. Neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3 signaling through PAR1 modulates endothelial cell signaling. Conclusion: Neutrophil enzymes are Gαi-biased agonists for PAR1. Significance: Biased PAR1-activating compounds may prove of value as therapeutic agents to treat cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophil proteinases released at sites of inflammation can affect tissue function by either activating or disarming signal transduction mediated by proteinase-activated receptors (PARs). Because PAR1 is expressed at sites where abundant neutrophil infiltration occurs, we hypothesized that neutrophil-derived enzymes might also regulate PAR1 signaling. We report here that both neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3 cleave the human PAR1 N terminus at sites distinct from the thrombin cleavage site. This cleavage results in a disarming of thrombin-activated calcium signaling through PAR1. However, the distinct non-canonical tethered ligands unmasked by neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3, as well as synthetic peptides with sequences derived from these novel exposed tethered ligands, selectively stimulated PAR1-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. This signaling was blocked by pertussis toxin, implicating a Gαi-triggered signal pathway. We conclude that neutrophil proteinases trigger biased PAR1 signaling and we describe a novel set of tethered ligands that are distinct from the classical tethered ligand revealed by thrombin. We further demonstrate the function of this biased signaling in regulating endothelial cell barrier integrity.
Impact of Rural Road Improvement on High Yield Variety Technology Adoption: Evidence from Bangladesh

The paper examines the impact of rural road improvement on high yielding variety technology adoption. Rural roads improvement enhances access to output and input markets and thus decreases cost of accessing high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and information on HYV cultivation technique, and further increases the relative profitability of HYV rice. Therefore, the paper hypothesizes that it induces farmers to increase HYV acreage and reduce traditional local variety rice acreage. This paper supports the hypothesis that road improvement increases HYV rice acreage using empirical analysis, while it does not find a statistically significant impact on local variety rice. The results are robust to different specifications and sample sizes. Therefore, the policy implications of this paper is that rural roads can be used to complement other efforts to promote technology adoption.