Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The formal ball model for -categories

We generalise the construction of the formal ball model for metric spaces due to A. Edalat and R. Heckmann in order to obtain computational models for separated -categories. We fully describe -categories that are (a) Yoneda complete(b) continuous Yoneda complete via their formal ball models. Our results yield solutions to two open problems in the theory of quasi-metric spaces by showing that: (a) a quasi-metric space X is Yoneda complete if and only if its formal ball model is a dcpo, and(b) a quasi-metric space X is continuous and Yoneda complete if and only if its formal ball model BX is a domain that admits a simple characterisation of approximation.
Shape detection of Gaborized outline versions of everyday objects

We previously tested the identifiability of six versions of Gaborized outlines of everyday objects, differing in the orientations assigned to elements inside and outside the outline. We found significant differences in identifiability between the versions, and related a number of stimulus metrics to identifiability [Sassi, M. , Vancleef, K. , Machilsen, B. , Panis, S. , & Wagemans, J. (2010). Identification of everyday objects on the basis of Gaborized outline versions. i-Perception, 1(3), 121–142]. In this study, after retesting the identifiability of new variants of three of the stimulus versions, we tested their robustness to local orientation jitter in a detection experiment. In general, our results replicated the key findings from the previous study, and allowed us to substantiate our earlier interpretations of the effects of our stimulus metrics and of the performance differences between the different stimulus versions. The results of the detection task revealed a different ranking order of stimulus versions than the identification task. By examining the parallels and differences between the effects of our stimulus metrics in the two tasks, we found evidence for a trade-off between shape detectability and identifiability. The generally simple and smooth shapes that yield the strongest contour integration and most robust detectability tend to lack the distinguishing features necessary for clear-cut identification. Conversely, contours that do contain such identifying features tend to be inherently more complex and, therefore, yield weaker integration and less robust detectability.
Different Strokes for Different Teams: The Contingent Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on the Creativity of Informationally Homogeneous and Diverse Teams

Feedback is a ubiquitous management tool. Employing this tool to meet the new challenge of enhancing team creativity, raises the important question of whether positive or negative feedback is more effective. Unfortunately prior research on feedback valence and creativity is limited to the individual level, neglecting team creativity’s interdependent and knowledge-intensive nature. We address this issue and advance the team information processing perspective on team creativity by integrating two heretofore separate research streams to develop a team-specific model about how negative and positive feedback enhance creativity via two alternative information processing routes, contingent on teams’ informational diversity. Negative feedback fuels teams’ systematic effort and attention to external, novel information. In informationally diverse teams, in which members hold different information and perspectives, these efforts promote team creativity through information elaboration. Conversely, positive feedback propels members to flexibly use their information and contribute the resultant divergent insights to the team. In informationally homogeneous teams, where these insights relate to others’ information and perspectives, these divergent insights trigger teams’ generative processing and in turn creativity. Results from a team experiment support the predicted feedback valence by informational diversity interaction on team creativity through elaboration and generative processing.
Perception des vocalisations : études comportementales et d'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle événementielle

Only a few studies in neuroscience have explored the processing of human voice. The goal of this thesis is to study the perception of nonlinguistic vocalizations in humans (e.g., laughs, coughs). The papers that compose this thesis explore behavioral performances and neural basis of perception of vocalizations. The first chapter presents the most relevant smdies on perception of emotions expressed vocally and the rationale of this thesis. The following chapters present experiments conducted to explore the processing of voice perception. Finally, results from these experiments are discussed in a broader perspective. The first paper explores whether judgment of the emotional dimensions of valence, intensity, and authenticity of vocalizations are modulated by age and sex of participants. Resuits reveal that judgment of valence was consistent across participants and that age significantly influenced judgment of these emotional dimensions, whereas sex did not. The second paper examines the behavioral pnming effect of emotional and non ernotional vocalizations in healthy male participants. Apriming effect for the vocalizations was observed, which was influenced by the speaker’s sex, but not by the emotional load. The third paper studies the specificity of the neural substrates underlying perception of human voice. Stronger responses in the superior temporal sulci for the human vocalizations, relative to the nonhuman auditory stimuli were found, suggesting a species-specificity of the neural basis for human voice. The fourth paper explores the neural structures of perception of emotional vocalizations. Stronger activation for the emotional vocalizations, relative to the neutral ones, were observed in the temporal and frontal regions. Also, specific emotional vocal categories elicited stronger responses in cerebral regions: laughs and sexual vocalizations induced greater activity in the amygdala, and cries in the hypothalamus.
THE MASS–METALLICITY GRADIENT RELATION OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

We present a newly observed relation between galaxy mass and radial metallicity gradients of early-type galaxies. Our sample of 51 early-type galaxies encompasses a comprehensive mass range from dwarfs to brightest cluster galaxies. The metallicity gradients are measured out to one effective radius by comparing nearly all of the Lick absorption-line indices to recent models of single stellar populations. The relation shows very different behavior at low and high masses, with a sharp transition being seen at a mass of ∼3.5 × 1010 M☉ (velocity dispersion of ∼140 km s−1, MB ∼ −19). Low-mass galaxies form a tight relation with mass, such that metallicity gradients become shallower with decreasing mass and positive at the very low mass end. Above the mass transition point several massive galaxies have steeper gradients, but a clear downturn is visible marked by a broad scatter. The results are interpreted in comparison with competing model predictions. We find that an early star-forming collapse could have acted as the main mechanism for the formation of low-mass galaxies, with star formation efficiency increasing with galactic mass. The high-mass downturn could be a consequence of merging and the observed larger scatter a natural result of different merger properties. These results suggest that galaxies above the mass threshold of ∼3.5 × 1010 M☉ might have formed initially by mergers of gas-rich disk galaxies and then subsequently evolved via dry merger events. The varying efficiency of the dissipative merger-induced starburst and feedback processes have shaped the radial metallicity gradients in these high-mass systems.
Body Mass Index, Abnormal Glucose Metabolism, and Mortality from Hematopoietic Cancer

Background: High body mass index (BMI) and diabetes have been linked to risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but results are inconsistent and most studies use self-reported information. No study has evaluated the association of NHL with postload plasma glucose (PLG) levels, which are positively associated with BMI. We analyzed data from a cohort study to investigate associations of interviewer-measured BMI and PLG with risk of NHL mortality and to explore associations with leukemia and multiple myeloma. Methods: Employees of 84 Chicago-area organizations, with an average age of 40 years at baseline, were screened from 1967 to 1973. Height and weight were measured by study nurses. A 50-g oral glucose load was administered to nondiabetic participants. Of the at-risk cohort of 35,420 men and women, 129 died of NHL, 151 died of leukemia, and 66 died of multiple myeloma during an average of 31 years of follow-up. Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Among men, there were positive dose-response relations of BMI with mortality from NHL (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24-5.34 for the highest versus lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.01) and leukemia (HR, 1.98; 1.07-3.69; Ptrend = 0.02). PLG also was positively related to NHL mortality (HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.35-6.06 for the highest versus lowest category; Ptrend = 0.004). For women, a higher BMI was positively associated with leukemia mortality (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 0.96-6.36; Ptrend = 0.02) and the highest level of PLG was associated with risk of mortality from multiple myeloma (HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.05-8.93). The risk estimates for BMI and PLG remained unchanged after adjustment for each factor. Conclusions: High BMI and/or abnormal PLG is associated with higher risk of mortality from NHL and possibly leukemia and from myeloma in women. These findings might have public health significance because BMI and glucose levels are amenable to modification. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2348–54)
Age-Related Regional Network of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gray Matter in the Rhesus Macaque

Human structural neuroimaging studies have supported the preferential effects of healthy aging on frontal cortex, but reductions in other brain regions have also been observed. We investigated the regional network pattern of gray matter using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young adult and old rhesus macaques (RMs) to evaluate age effects throughout the brain in a nonhuman primate model of healthy aging in which the full complement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology does not occur. Volumetric T1 MRI scans were spatially normalized and segmented for gray matter using statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) voxel-based morphometry. Multivariate network analysis using the scaled subprofile model identified a linear combination of two gray matter patterns that distinguished the young from old RMs. The combined pattern included reductions in bilateral dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal and superior temporal sulcal regions with areas of relative preservation in vicinities of the cerebellum, globus pallidus, visual cortex, and parietal cortex in old compared with young RMs. Higher expression of this age-related gray matter pattern was associated with poorer performance in working memory. In the RM model of healthy aging, the major regionally distributed effects of advanced age on the brain involve reductions in prefrontal regions and in the vicinity of the superior temporal sulcus. The age-related differences in gray matter reflect the effects of healthy aging that cannot be attributed to AD pathology, providing support for the targeted effects of aging on the integrity of frontal lobe regions and selective temporal lobe areas and their associated cognitive functions.
An Analysis of Hierarchical Genetic Programming

Hierarchical genetic programming (HGP) approaches rely on the discovery, modification, and use of new functions to accelerate evolution. This paper provides a qualitative explanation of the improved behavior of HGP, based on an analysis of the evolution process from the dual perspective of diversity and causality. From a static point of view, the use of an HGP approach enables the manipulation of a population of higher diversity programs. Higher diversity increases the exploratory ability of the genetic search process, as demonstrated by theoretical and experimental fitness distributions and expanded structural complexity of individuals. From a dynamic point of view, this report analyzes the causality of the crossover operator. Causality relates changes in the structure of an object with the effect of such changes, i.e., changes in the properties or behavior of the object. The analyses of crossover causality suggests that HGP discovers and exploits useful structures in a bottom-up, hierarchical manner. Diversity and causality are complementary, affecting exploration and exploitation in genetic search. Unlike other machine learning techniques that need extra machinery to control the tradeoff between them, HGP automatically trades off exploration and exploitation.
Simultaneous Localization, Mapping and Moving Object Tracking

Simultaneous localization, mapping and moving object tracking (SLAMMOT) involves both simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in dynamic environments and detecting and tracking these dynamic objects. In this paper, a mathematical framework is established to integrate SLAM and moving object tracking. Two solutions are described: SLAM with generalized objects, and SLAM with detection and tracking of moving objects (DATMO). SLAM with generalized objects calculates a joint posterior over all generalized objects and the robot. Such an approach is similar to existing SLAM algorithms, but with additional structure to allow for motion modeling of generalized objects. Unfortunately, it is computationally demanding and generally infeasible. SLAM with DATMO decomposes the estimation problem into two separate estimators. By maintaining separate posteriors for stationary objects and moving objects, the resulting estimation problems are much lower dimensional than SLAM with generalized objects. Both SLAM and moving object tracking from a moving vehicle in crowded urban areas are daunting tasks. Based on the SLAM with DATMO framework, practical algorithms are proposed which deal with issues of perception modeling, data association, and moving object detection. The implementation of SLAM with DATMO was demonstrated using data collected from the CMU Navlab11 vehicle at high speeds in crowded urban environments. Ample experimental results shows the feasibility of the proposed theory and algorithms.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Omp29 Is Associated with Bacterial Entry to Gingival Epithelial Cells by F-Actin Rearrangement

The onset and progressive pathogenesis of periodontal disease is thought to be initiated by the entry of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) into periodontal tissue, especially gingival epithelium. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying such bacterial entry remains to be clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible role of Aa outer membrane protein 29 kD (Omp29), a homologue of E. coli OmpA, in promoting bacterial entry into gingival epithelial cells. To accomplish this, Omp29 expression vector was incorporated in an OmpA-deficient mutant of E. coli. Omp29+/OmpA− E. coli demonstrated 22-fold higher entry into human gingival epithelial line cells (OBA9) than Omp29−/OmpA− E. coli. While the entry of Aa and Omp29+/OmpA− E. coli into OBA9 cells were inhibited by anti-Omp29 antibody, their adherence to OBA9 cells was not inhibited. Stimulation of OBA9 cells with purified Omp29 increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a pivotal cell-signaling molecule that can up-regulate actin rearrangement. Furthermore, Omp29 increased the formation of F-actin in OBA9 cells. The internalization of Omp29-coated beads and the entry of Aa into OBA9 were partially inhibited by treatment with PI3-kinase inhibitor (Wortmannin) and Rho GTPases inhibitor (EDIN), both known to convey FAK-signaling to actin-rearrangement. These results suggest that Omp29 is associated with the entry of Aa into gingival epithelial cells by up-regulating F-actin rearrangement via the FAK signaling pathway.
Chiral Symmetry in Nuclei

The impact of chiral symmetry on nuclear physics is discussed in the context of recent advances in the few-nucleon systems and of dimensional power counting. The tractability of few-nucleon calculations, illustrated by very recent solutions for $A = 2-6$, is shown to follow from power counting based on chiral Lagrangians. The latter predicts the suppression of $N$-body forces, as originally shown by Weinberg. Isospin violation in the nuclear force is similarly analyzed using the results of van Kolck, and this is shown to be consistent with results from the Nijmegen phase-shift analysis. Conventional $\rho - \omega$ and $\pi - \eta$ mixing models with on-shell mixing strength are not inconsistent with naive power counting. Meson-exchange currents calculated in chiral perturbation theory are in good agreement with experiment.
Integrative and Translational Physiology : Integrative Aspects of Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Diseases Potential clinical translation of juvenile rodent inactivity models to study the onset of childhood obesity

Michael D. Roberts, Joseph M. Company, Jacob D. Brown, Ryan G. Toedebusch, Jaume Padilla, Nathan T. Jenkins, M. Harold Laughlin, and Frank W. Booth Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
EFFECTS OF CONFINEMENT/CROWDING ON UREOGENESIS IN THE GULF TOADFISH OPSANUS BETA

In order to elucidate the cues for, and the biochemical mechanisms of, the transition to ureogenesis in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta, experiments on the effects of confinement/crowding were carried out. Confinement of toadfish to small volumes of water initiated a switch to nearly complete reliance on ureogenesis for nitrogen excretion within 24­48 h. Further experiments suggested that this switch was probably due to the physical confinement per se, rather than to a measurable build-up of ammonia in the water. However, the possibility of the response being triggered by a very low concentration of a pheromone-like substance was not excluded by our experimental design. The activities of several enzymes of ureogenesis, ornithine­citrulline transcarbamoylase, aspartate amino transferase and glutamine synthetase, increased in the liver of toadfish during confinement. Notably, glutamine synthetase activity increased almost fourfold within 24 h, and this increase preceded increases in urea excretion. A number of plasma and liver amino acid concentrations changed during confinement: there were declines in plasma asparagine, glutamate and glycine levels and an increase in plasma valine, as well as a decline in liver alanine and an increase in liver arginine concentrations. Liver glutamine was not detectable. When the amino acid data are taken together with the enzyme activity changes, it appears that the switch to ureogenesis occurs primarily upstream of the ornithine­urea cycle, at the level of supply of nitrogen to the pathway. The results are discussed in the context of the habitat of toadfish.
Game Theory for Networks: A tutorial on game-theoretic tools for emerging signal processing applications

The aim of this tutorial is to provide an overview, although necessarily incomplete, of game theory (GT) for signal processing (SP) in networks. One of the main features of this contribution is to gather in a single article some fundamental game-theoretic notions and tools that, over the past few years, have become widespread in the SP literature. In particular, both strategic-form and coalition-form games are described in detail, and the key connections and differences between them are outlined. Moreover, particular attention is also devoted to clarifying the connections between strategic-form games and distributed optimization and learning algorithms. Beyond an introduction to the basic concepts and main solution approaches, several carefully designed examples are provided to allow a better understanding of how to apply the described tools.
Workplace Death at Sea: Chinese Surviving Families’ Experiences of Compensation Claims

Seafaring remains one of the most adventurous yet dangerous forms of work. Compared to shore-based industrial workers, seafarers suffer a risk of fatality that is up to 11 times higher. Workplace fatality is proved to be harmful to the social, financial and health conditions of surviving families. Although there has been an increase in attention given to the improvement of seafarers’ health and working conditions at sea, the effects of death at sea on surviving families has remained neglected by both researchers and policymakers.Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with eight surviving family members in 2013 and 2014, this study investigates seafarers’ surviving families’ experiences of raising death compensation claims in China, which has the world’s largest population of seafarers. The work-related fatalities occurred between 2005 and 2013. At the time of the study, 2.4 years had elapsed on average since the deaths took place. All research participants reported considerable difficulties in communicating with crewing agencies and contacting ship owners when making compensation claims.This study shows that surviving families are in a vulnerable position when in conflict with companies. It also reveals that weak state prevention forces surviving families to defend their rights through protests. The absence of regulation over organizations involved in foreign-related employment relationships exacerbates the economic loss and mental harm suffered by surviving families following the occurrence of workplace fatalities. Furthermore, current legal and administrative procedures are unable to restore justice and provide therapeutic help for surviving families. Consequently, surviving families have suffered considerable financial loss and additional psychological harm in claim processes.
Booms, Busts, and Fraud

Firms sometimes commit fraud by altering publicly reported information to be more favorable, and investors can monitor firms to obtain more accurate information. We study equilibrium fraud and monitoring decisions. Fraud is most likely to occur in relatively good times, and the link between fraud and good times becomes stronger as monitoring costs decrease. Nevertheless, improving business conditions may sometimes diminish fraud. We provide an explanation for why fraud peaks towards the end of a boom and is then revealed in the ensuing bust. We also show that fraud can increase if firms make more information available to the public.