Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title : Anatomically based three-dimensional model of airways to simulate flow and particle transport using Computational Fluid Dynamics

We have studied gas flow and particle deposition in a realistic three-dimensional model of the bronchial tree, extending from the trachea to the segmental bronchi (7 airway generation for the most distal ones) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The model is based on the morphometrical data of Horsfield et al. [J. Appl. Physiol. , 31: 207-217, 1971] and on bronchoscopic and CT images, which give the spatial 3D-orientation of the curved ducts. It incorporates realistic angles of successive branching planes. Steady inspiratory flow varying between 50cm3/s and 500cm3/s was simulated as well as deposition of spherical aerosol particles (1 to 7μ m diameter, 1g/cm3 density). Flow simulations indicated non-fully developed flows in the branches because of their relative short lengths. Velocity flow profiles in the segmental bronchi, taken one diameter downstream the bifurcation, were distorted compared with the flow in a simple curved tube, and wide patterns of secondary flow fields were observed. Both were due to the asymmetrical 3D configuration of the bifurcating network. Viscous pressure drop in the model was compared with results obtained by Pedley et al. [Respir Physiol, 9: 387-405, 1970], which are shown to be a good first approximation. Particle deposition increased with particle size and was minimal for approximately 200cm3/s inspiratory flow but it was highly heterogeneous for branches of the same generation.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Relationship Between Initial Metastasis Hypoxia, Change After 1 Month's Sunitinib, and Therapeutic Response: An 18F-Fluoromisonidazole PET/CT Study

The aims of this cohort study were to evaluate initial tumor hypoxia in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and its changes after sunitinib treatment, using 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET/CT, and investigate the possible prognostic value of initial tumor hypoxia or its changes under sunitinib therapy. Methods: Antiangiogenic-naive patients with mRCC were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study. Before initiation of sunitinib, CT defined up to 10 targets that were assessed at 1 and 6 mo according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). Pretreatment target uptake of 18F-fluoromisonidazole was compared with uptake at 1 mo. Targets were considered hypoxic when their maximal standard uptake value was above mean blood value + 2 SDs. Hypoxic volumes were also computed. Relationships between initial hypoxia status, initial degree of hypoxia, its change at 1 mo, and overall or progression-free survival (OS and PFS, respectively) were assessed by survival analysis. Results: Fifty-three patients were included. Median follow-up was 16.8 mo. 18F-fluoromisonidazole uptake significantly decreased in initially hypoxic target metastases but did not change in others (−22%, P < 10−4, vs. +1.5%, P = 0.77; P = 10−3 between groups). Seventy-five percent of patients with hypoxic metastases were free of progressive disease at 4.8 mo (95% confidence interval, 2.99–11.83), compared with 11.3 mo (95% confidence interval, 3.08–36.9) for other patients (P = 0.02), whereas OS was not significantly different. Changes in tumor hypoxia were not related to PFS or OS. Conclusion: Sunitinib reduced hypoxia in initially hypoxic RECIST target metastases but did not induce significant hypoxia in nonhypoxic RECIST target metastases. Patients with initially hypoxic targets have shorter PFS than others.
Extending the Spectrum of α-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Vivo*

Background: α-Dicarbonyls are central intermediates in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Results: A quantitation method for the complete spectrum relevant in vivo was established. Conclusion: Non-enzymatic chemistry of glucose and l-ascorbic acid as precursors and α-dicarbonyl intermediates play an important role in vivo. Significance: Knowledge of plasma levels of α-dicarbonyls is crucial to understand the complex pathways of AGE formation in vivo. Maillard α-dicarbonyl compounds are known as central intermediates in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the human body, whereas l-threo-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an essential nutrient, involved in a variety of enzymatic reactions. Thus, the Maillard degradation of glucose and ascorbic acid is of major importance in vivo. To understand the complex mechanistic pathways of AGE formation, it is crucial to extend the knowledge on plasma concentrations of reactive key α-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g. 1-deoxyglucosone). With the present work, we introduce a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS multimethod for human blood plasma based on derivatization with o-phenylenediamine under acidic conditions. The impact of workup and reaction conditions, particularly of pH, was thoroughly evaluated. A comprehensive validation provided the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, coefficients of variation, and recovery rates. The method includes the α-dicarbonyls 1-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glucosone, Lederer's glucosone, dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, 1-deoxypentosone, 3-deoxypentosone, 3,4-dideoxypentosone, pentosone, 1-deoxythreosone, 3-deoxythreosone, threosone, methylglyoxal, glyoxal; the α-keto-carboxylic acids pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid; and the dicarboxylic acid oxalic acid. The method was then applied to the analyses of 15 healthy subjects and 24 uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. The comparison of the results revealed a clear shift in the product spectrum. In most cases, the plasma levels of target analytes were significantly higher. Thus, this is the first time that a complete spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds relevant in vivo has been established. The results provide further insights into the chemistry of AGE formation and will be helpful to find specific markers to differentiate between the various precursors of glycation.
Frequency and predictors of hyperglycemia in patients with various thyroid disorders attending a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh

Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus are the two most common endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice having a mutual influence on each other, and an association between both conditions has long been reported. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the frequency of hyperglycemia among newly detected patients with thyroid disorders. 400 subjects newly diagnosed with different forms of thyroid disorders previously not known to have diabetes or prediabetes underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glucose values were assessed by the glucose-oxidase method. Out of them, 211 (52.7%) subjects were found to have glucose intolerance (33.5% prediabetes and 19.3% diabetes). Subjects with glucose intolerance had higher mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic BP, free T4, and lower TSH than euglycemic ones. No statistical difference in glycemic status was observed among the hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, and euthyroid groups. Having a family history of HTN and abdominal obesity was associated with significantly higher odds of glucose intolerance in the study subjects. Glucose intolerance is frequently found in patients with thyroid disorders. This study emphasizes the importance of screening for glucose intolerance among patients with thyroid disorder.
From Aggregate Betting Data to Individual Risk Preferences

As a textbook model of contingent markets, horse races are an attractive environment to study the attitudes towards risk of bettors. We innovate on the literature by explicitly considering heterogeneous bettors and allowing for very general risk preferences, including non-expected utility. We build on a standard single-crossing condition on preferences to derive testable implications; and we show how parimutuel data allow us to uniquely identify the distribution of preferences among the population of bettors. We then estimate the model on data from US races. Within the expected utility class, the most usual specifications (CARA and CRRA) fit the data very badly. Our results show evidence for both heterogeneity and nonlinear probability weighting.
Practical Non-Linear Energy Harvesting Model and Resource Allocation for SWIPT Systems

In this letter, we propose a practical non-linear energy harvesting model and design a resource allocation algorithm for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. The algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for the maximization of the total harvested power at energy harvesting receivers subject to minimum required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) at multiple information receivers. We transform the considered non-convex objective function from sum-of-ratios form into an equivalent objective function in subtractive form, which enables the derivation of an efficient iterative resource allocation algorithm. In each iteration, a rank-constrained semidefinite program (SDP) is solved optimally by SDP relaxation. Numerical results unveil a substantial performance gain that can be achieved if the resource allocation design is based on the proposed non-linear energy harvesting model instead of the traditional linear model.
Efficacy of Short-Term Spinal Cord Stimulation in Acute/Subacute Zoster-Related Pain: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a refractory condition that impairs the patient's quality of life (QoL), it develops secondary to herpes zoster infection. Therefore, it's important to prevent the transition of acute/subacute zoster-related pain to PHN. Despite of numerous studies, the optimal intervention that reduces PHN incidence is still unknown. OBJECTIVE We evaluate the efficacy of short-term spinal cord stimulation (stSCS) in patients with refractory acute/subacute zoster-related pain. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary referral center/teaching hospital. METHODS A total of 46 patients who presented with acute/subacute zoster-related pain, and had previously failed conventional therapies, underwent stSCS treatment. Visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form Health Survey 12 items (SF-12), and analgesic consumptions were recorded before stSCS, post-stSCS, 2 weeks, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after stimulation. RESULTS The VAS scores at post-stSCS, 2 weeks, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after stSCS treatment were significantly decreased compared with the baseline score (P < 0.001). Thirty-two patients (69.6%, 32/46) achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), including 18 patients (39.1%, 18/46) who achieved complete pain relief (VASless than orequal to2). During the follow-up period, the efficacy of stSCS didn't decrease and VAS scores were declining. Similarly, SF-12 scores and analgesic consumptions improved after stSCS treatment. The efficacy of stSCS did not differ significantly among patients with different durations of acute/subacute zoster-related pain starting from the onset of rash. No serious adverse effects were observed in the entire follow-up period. LIMITATIONS This study was not a randomized prospective controlled study. We did not compare the outcomes with patients presenting with mild or moderate pain, and did not compare the efficacy of stSCS treatment with conventional therapies. CONCLUSIONS stSCS is a safe, effective, and less invasive analgesic method for patients with refractory acute/subacute zoster-related pain. KEY WORDS Herpes zoster, zoster-related pain, postherpetic neuralgia, spinal cord stimulation, VAS.
Characteristic image quality of a third generation dual-source MDCT scanner: Noise, resolution, and detectability.

PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to assess the inherent image quality characteristics of a new multidetector computed tomography system in terms of noise, resolution, and detectability index as a function of image acquisition and reconstruction for a range of clinically relevant settings. METHODS A multisized image quality phantom (37, 30, 23, 18.5, and 12 cm physical diameter) was imaged on a SOMATOM Force scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions) under variable dose, kVp, and tube current modulation settings. Images were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) and with advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) with iterative strengths of 3, 4, and 5. Image quality was assessed in terms of the noise power spectrum (NPS), task transfer function (TTF), and detectability index for a range of detection tasks (contrasts of approximately 45, 90, 300, -900, and 1000 HU, and 2-20 mm diameter) based on a non-prewhitening matched filter model observer with eye filter. RESULTS Image noise magnitude decreased with decreasing phantom size, increasing dose, and increasing ADMIRE strength, offering up to 64% noise reduction relative to FBP. Noise texture in terms of the NPS was similar between FBP and ADMIRE (<5% shift in peak frequency). The resolution, based on the TTF, improved with increased ADMIRE strength by an average of 15% in the TTF 50% frequency for ADMIRE-5. The detectability index increased with increasing dose and ADMIRE strength by an average of 55%, 90%, and 163% for ADMIRE 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Assessing the impact of mA modulation for a fixed average dose over the length of the phantom, detectability was up to 49% lower in smaller phantom sections and up to 26% higher in larger phantom sections for the modulated scan compared to a fixed tube current scan. Overall, the detectability exhibited less variability with phantom size for modulated scans compared to fixed tube current scans. CONCLUSIONS Image quality increased with increasing dose and decreasing phantom size. The CT system exhibited nonlinear noise and resolution properties, especially at very low-doses, large phantom sizes, and for low-contrast objects. Objective image quality metrics generally increased with increasing dose and ADMIRE strength, and with decreasing phantom size. The ADMIRE algorithm could offer comparable image quality at reduced doses or improved image quality at the same dose. The use of tube current modulation resulted in more consistent image quality with changing phantom size.
Aquifer vulnerability assessment to heavy metals using ordinal logistic regression

A methodology using ordinal logistic regression is proposed to predict the probability of occurrence of heavy metals in ground water. The predicted probabilities are defined with reference to the background concentration and the maximum contaminant level. The model is able to predict the occurrence due to different influencing variables such as the land use, soil hydrologic group (SHG), and surface elevation. The methodology was applied to the Sumas‐Blaine Aquifer located in Washington State to predict the occurrence of five heavy metals. The influencing variables considered were (1) SHG; (2) land use; (3) elevation; (4) clay content; (5) hydraulic conductivity; and (6) well depth. The predicted probabilities were in agreement with the observed probabilities under existing conditions. The results showed that aquifer vulnerability to each heavy metal was related to different sets of influencing variables. However, all heavy metals had a strong influence from land use and SHG. The model results also provided good insight into the influence of various hydrogeochemical factors and land uses on the presence of each heavy metal. A simple economic analysis was proposed and demonstrated to evaluate the cost effects of changing the land use on heavy metal occurrence.
Evolutionary optimization of on-line multilayer perceptron for similarity-based access control

Neural Networks have been successfully used in different fields of Information Security such that network intrusion detection and malware analysis because of ability to provide high level of abstraction for complex and incomplete data. Despite its successful application as off-line learning method, the on-line learning can be challenging when dealing with data streams. This paper presents an ongoing research on on-line Neural Network for Access Control. It can be used for similarity-based access to sensitive information. Conventional training is not efficient when dealing with data streams such that access patterns flow since the availability of the data samples is limited. Considering this obstacle we proposed to use Genetic Algorithm as meta-heuristic optimization in selection of individual training rates α for each weight. Similarity-based Access Control mechanism deals with a data stream that includes continuous flow of attributes characterizing user and resources, so the task is to estimate the likelihood of legitimacy of user accessing a particular resource in dynamic environment. This research contributes to the field of Information Security by overcoming the limitations of data stream mining in agile environment.
Deep-UVsensors based on SAW oscillators using low-temperature-grown AlN films on sapphires

High-quality epitaxial AlN films were deposited on sapphire substrates at low growth temperature using a helicon sputtering system. SAW filters fabricated on the AlN films exhibited excellent characteristics, with center frequency of 354.2 MHz, which corresponds to a phase velocity of 5667 m/s. An oscillator fabricated using AlN-based SAW devices is presented and applied to deep-UV light detection. A frequency downshift of about 43 KHz was observed when the surface of SAW device was illuminated by a UV source with dominant wavelength of around 200 nm. The results indicate the feasibility of developing remote sensors for deep-UV measurement using AlN-based SAW oscillators.
A Modified Approximation Method of Fractional Order System

Many real world systems, including smart mechatronics systems, can be better characterized by dynamic systems of non-integer order. Using non-integer order or fractional order calculus, fractional order systems can be modeled more authentically. Due to the nature of the infinite dimensional model, proper approximations to fractional order differentiator (salpha, alpha isin Ropf) are fundamentally important. This paper contributed a new approximation scheme which is an extension of the well-established Oustaloup's approximation method. The benefits from using the proposed scheme are illustrated by numerical examples in both time and frequency domains
Femtolensing: Beyond the semiclassical approximation

Femtolensoing is a gravitational lensing effect in which the magnification is a function not only of the position and sizes of the source and lens, but also of the wavelength of light. Femtolensing is the only known effect of 10(exp -13) - 10(exp -16) solar mass) dark-matter objects and may possibly be detectable in cosmological gamma-ray burst spectra. We present a new and efficient algorithm for femtolensing calculation in general potentials. The physical optics results presented here differ at low frequencies from the semiclassical approximation, in which the flux is attributed to a finite number of mutually coherent images. At higher frequencies, our results agree well with the semicalssical predictions. Applying our method to a point-mass lens with external shear, we find complex events that have structure at both large and small spectral resolution. In this way, we show that femtolensing may be observable for lenses up to 10(exp -11) solar mass, much larger than previously believed. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of a search femtolensing of white dwarfs in the Large Magellanic Cloud at optical wavelengths.
CORRELATION BETWEEN VOCABULARY MASTERY AND READING COMPREHENSION IN EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT MTs NEGERI BATU

Penguasaan kosakata adalah salah satu komponen yang terhubung dengan empat kemampuan, berbicara, mendengarkan, membaca dan menulis. Sementara itu, pemahaman membaca adalah proses komplek yang melibatkan kemampuan pembaca untuk menemukan informasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan keobjektifan korelasi antara penguasaan kosa kata dan pemahaman membaca dari siswa kelas delapan di MTs Negeri Batu. Populasi dari data ini adalah siswa kelas delapan di MTs Negeri Batu dan 36 siswa dari kelas D menjadi objek. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif untuk menganalisa dan menggunakan PearsonÂ’s Product Moment untuk menghitung. Instrument penelitian berupa test. Masing masing test berisi 25 soal pilihan ganda. Berdasarkan data diatas, nilai mean dari penguasaan kosa kata adalah 71 dan pemahaman membaca adalah 83. Hasil dari penghitungan hubungan korelasi = +48. Nilai kritis dari rumus r Pearson dengan tingkat signifikan 5% adalah 0.32 dan tingkat signifikan 1% adalah 0.42 dengan derajat kebebasan adalah 34. Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai rxy lebih besar dari nilai kritis Pearson (tabel r). Oleh karena itu, hipotesis yang mengatakan bahwa ada hubungan korelasi yang signifikan antara penguasaan kosa kata dan pemahaman dalam membaca murid kelas VIII di MTs Negeri Batu di terima.
THE BEHAVIOR OF SURGICALLY REPAIRED IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLES IN THE SETTING OF SUBSEQUENT CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA

Purpose: To report findings for eyes with surgically repaired idiopathic macular hole that subsequently developed cystoid macular edema (CME). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of six eyes of six consecutive patients evaluated between January 1997 and October 2000 who had successful macular hole repair and subsequently developed CME. Patient demographic data, cause and time course of CME, treatment, and outcomes, including macular hole reopening, were recorded. Results: CME developed after cataract extraction in five eyes and after macular hole surgery alone in one eye. Average time from macular hole surgery to diagnosis of CME was 11.2 months (range, 2.5–23.0 months). Average duration of CME was 5.5 months (range, 1.5–17.0 months). Five (83%) of 6 eyes had sustained closure of the macular hole throughout a mean follow-up period of 31.8 months (range, 9.5–62.0 months). Patients were treated with topical antiinflammatory therapy, and all had resolution of CME. Conclusions: CME developing in eyes with surgically repaired idiopathic macular holes responds well to conventional topical antiinflammatory therapy and is not associated with a high incidence of macular hole reopening. These results suggest that in most eyes the reparative mechanisms involved in macular hole closure confer sufficient strength to withstand the tensile forces associated with CME.
Inhibiting CD164 Expression in Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT116 Leads to Reduced Cancer Cell Proliferation, Mobility, and Metastasis in vitro and in vivo

Background: CD164 (Endolyn) is a sialomucin, which has been found to play roles in regulating proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Possible association of CD164 with solid cancer development remains unknown. Methods and Results: We first studied CD164 expression in biopsies from colorectal cancer, breast, and ovary cancer patients by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry, and found that CD164 was strongly expressed in all the colorectal cancer samples compared to the matching normal colon tissues. The possible roles of CD164 in colon cancer development were further investigated using a well-established human colon cancer cell line HCT116. We found that knockdown of CD164 expression in HCT116 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, mobility, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The knockdown of CD164 expression was associated with decreased chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression HCT116 cell surface and immunoprecipitation studies showed that CD164 formed complexes with CXCR4. Conclusions: CD164 is highly expressed in the colon cancer sites, and it promotes HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and the effects may act through regulating CXCR4 signaling pathway. Therefore, CD164 may be a new target for diagnosis and treatment for colon cancer.