Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
on two contrasting dairy farms in New Zealand

Field trials under grazing on two contrasting dairy farms in mid-Canterbury (Site C) on a stony silt loam under irrigation, and in rain-fed central Waikato (Site W) on a volcanic ash-derived soil, compared standard granular urea (4–5 mm diameter granules) with ONEsystem®. This uses prilled urea (0.8–2.8 mm diameter prills), passed through a fine water spray (50 litres/ha) that contains the urease inhibitor nbpt (2 gm nbpt/kg N) during application. A nil N control and three rates of each fertiliser were applied to 12 × 25 m plots on four occasions after rotational grazing during spring/early summer 2014. ONEsystem® resulted in extra dry matter (EDM) to N applied compared with granular urea at Site C. At Site W, the initial advantage to ONEsystem® in Period 1 (early spring) was not maintained. To produce EDM of 1250 (±750) kg/ha required 120 and 126 kg N/ha as granular urea at Sites C and W, respectively (giving EDM factors of 10.4 and 9.9 (± 2) kgDM/ kgN applied respectively). This compares with 50 and 74 kg N/ha required with ONEsystem® for higher EDM factors of 24 and 17 (± 5) kg DM/ kg N. Pasture N concentrations were higher at Site C following ONEsystem® application, and total N uptake was increased 3-fold compared to granular urea. At Site W, increases in EDM with ONEsystem® only occurred in the first period. The results of this study have implications for both the economic and environmental efficiency of fertiliser urea use on grazed pastures.
The Pathophysiology of Failure in Acute Right Ventricular Hypertension: Hemodynamic and Biochemical Correlations

SUMMARY Acute right ventricular (RV) hypertension and failure occur clinically. In this study we examined the mechanism of RV failure. Adult dogs were studied acutely under anesthesia; dogs were instrumented for measurement of pressures and right coronary artery blood flow. Myocardial blood flow and cardiac output were determined with radionuclide-labeled microspheres, and the presence of ischemia was determined by biochemical analysis of ventricular biopsies. RV hypertension was produced by constricting the pulmonary artery and was increased until RV failure occurred, as evidenced by decreased aortic pressure and cardiac output and increased RV end-diastolic pressure. With increasing RV systolic pressure, RV myocardial blood flow failed to increase in proportion to demand. At the onset of RV failure, there was no reactive hyperemia of right coronary flow compared with control, indicating the absence of further coronary vascular reserve; biochemical analysis demonstrated that the RV free wall was ischemic; the LV free wall was not. Infusion of phenylephrine raised aortic pressure and hence, myocardial perfusion pressure; RV failure reversed as shown by decreased RV end-diastolic pressure and increased cardiac output and RV systolic pressure; reactive hyperemia of right coronary flow was restored and the biochemical indexes of ischemia were reversed, demonstrating that ischemia is the cause of failure in acute RV hypertension.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONING EFFECTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM FIBER-METAL LAMINATES

Fiber metal laminates (FML) have been particularly attractive for aircraft structures. While weight reduction and improved damage tolerance characteristics were the prime drivers to develop this new family of materials, it turns out that they have additional benefits which become more important for today's engineers, as the high mechanical strength and improved safety. Hence the combination of these aspects in one material is an extraordinary achievement. The specimens of FMLs were prepared with titanium plates and carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two different environmental conditions (hygrothermal and thermal shock) on the mechanical and elastic properties of titanium FML, since this environmental effects should always be considered in the design of structural components, when these materials are submitted to the effects of the atmosphere and high mechanical efforts. 2 General Introduction
KNOWLEDGE AND UTILIZATION OF JOB ENRICHMENT TECHNIQUES AMONG AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION MANAGERS IN BOTSWANA AND NIGERIA

This paper examined the knowledge and utilization of job enrichment techniques among agricultural extension managers in Botswana and Nigeria based on the fact that there is need diversification of the economy from being mineral dependent and agricultural extension is faced with limited funds and manpower to carry out its functions. Structuring jobs and roles correctly is very important in elevating the motivation of employees, which is addressed by job enrichment which is an important ingredient to reinforce the motivational factors. Using a random sampling technique, this study examined the knowledge and utilization of job enrichment techniques among extension managers in the two countries. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire that has a reliability coefficient of 0.85 using the split-half technique and were analyzed with frequency counts, percentages, multiple regressions and t-test. The result shows that the knowledge and utilization of job enrichment techniques were low among managers in the two countries. Important predictors of job enrichment utilization are information sources on job enrichment, educational level, age and years of experience. A significant difference exists in the knowledge of job enrichment techniques between Botswana and Nigeria. The paper recommends that training should be provide to extension manger on job enrichment and other job related concepts in order to improve performance of their subordinates.The paper has shown how extension managers can be more effective without additional resources due to the fact that resources available for public extension mangers are increasingly reduced.
Cervicogenic Headache: A Review of Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies

Abstract Cervicogenic headache is a syndrome characterized by chronic hemicranial pain that is referred to the head from either bony structures or soft tissues of the neck. The trigeminocervical nucleus is a region of the upper cervical spinal cord where sensory nerve fibers in the descending tract of the trigeminal nerve (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) are believed to interact with sensory fibers from the upper cervical roots. This functional convergence of upper cervical and trigeminal sensory pathways allows the bidirectional referral of painful sensations between the neck and trigeminal sensory receptive fields of the face and head. A functional convergence of sensorimotor fibers in the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and upper cervical nerve roots ultimately converge with the descending tract of the trigeminal nerve and might also be responsible for the referral of cervical pain to the head. Diagnostic criteria have been established for cervicogenic headache, but its presenting characteristics occasionally may be difficult to distinguish from primary headache disorders such as migraine, tension-type headache, or hemicrania continua. This article reviews the clinical presentation of cervicogenic headache, proposed diagnostic criteria, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and methods of diagnostic evaluation. Guidelines for developing a successful multidisciplinary pain management program using medication, physical therapy, osteopathic manipulative treatment, other nonpharmacologic modes of treatment, and anesthetic interventions are presented.
Effect of the organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of garlic ( Allium sativum L . )

The present experiment entitled “Effect of the organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of Garlic was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The row to row and plant to plant spacing were maintained at 15 cm and 10 cm respectively. The treatment combinations were control, RDF (NPK )100 %, Vermicompost 100 %, FYM 100 %, 50 % RDF +50 % Vermicompost, 50% RDF +50 FYM, 50 % Vermicompost + 50 % FYM, 75 % RDF + 25 % Vermicompost, 75 % RDF + 25 % FYM, 50 % RDF +25 % FYM + 25 % and Vermicompost. The observations were recorded on maximum height of plant (72.32cm) in T 8 , minimum number of leaves (4.96) in T 1 , length of leaves (42.48) in T 8 , maximum width of leaves (1.77cm) in T 8 , minimum diameter of stem (9.62cm) in T 1 , diameter of bulb (3.65cm) in T 1 and maximum bulb yield (310.66 q/hac) in T 8 . On the basis of investigation it is concluded that combination of 75% RDF+25%Vermicompost can be recommended for garlic growers to achieve the better growth, higher yield of 310.66 q per ha and quality crop with 48.47g weight of bulb under the agro-climatic condition of Lucknow.
Regulation of Translation Factor EEF1D Gene Function by Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing is an exquisite mechanism that allows one coding gene to have multiple functions. The alternative splicing machinery is necessary for proper development, differentiation and stress responses in a variety of organisms, and disruption of this machinery is often implicated in human diseases. Previously, we discovered a long form of eukaryotic elongation factor 1Bδ (eEF1Bδ; this long-form eEF1Bδ results from alternative splicing of EEF1D transcripts and regulates the cellular stress response by transcriptional activation, not translational enhancement, of heat-shock responsive genes. In this review, we discuss the molecular function of EEF1D alternative splicing products and the estimated implication of human diseases.
Zoom Better to See Clearer: Human Part Segmentation with Auto Zoom Net

Parsing human regions into semantic parts, e.g., body, head and arms etc., from a random natural image is challenging while fundamental for computer vision and widely applicable in industry. One major difficulty to handle such a problem is the high flexibility of scale and location of a human instance and its corresponding parts, making the parsing task either lack of boundary details or suffer from local confusions. To tackle such problems, in this work, we propose the "Auto-Zoom Net" (AZN) for human part parsing, which is a unified fully convolutional neural network structure that: (1) parses each human instance into detailed parts. (2) predicts the locations and scales of human instances and their corresponding parts. In our unified network, the two tasks are mutually beneficial. The score maps obtained for parsing help estimate the locations and scales for human instances and their parts. With the predicted locations and scales, our model "zooms" the region into a right scale to further refine the parsing. In practice, we perform the two tasks iteratively so that detailed human parts are gradually recovered. We conduct extensive experiments over the challenging PASCAL-Person-Part segmentation, and show our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-art parsing techniques especially for instances and parts at small scale. In addition, we perform experiments for horse and cow segmentation and also obtain results which are considerably better than state-of-the-art methods (by over 5%). , which is contribued by the proposed iterative zooming process.
Personnel Politics: Elections, Clientelistic Competition and Teacher Hiring in Indonesia

Abstract What is the effect of increased electoral competition on patronage politics? If programmatic appeals are not credible, institutional reforms that move politics from an elite- to a mass-focused and more competitive environment increase patronage efforts. This leads to an overall surge and notable spike in discretionary state hiring in election years. The study tests this prediction in the context of Indonesia’s decentralized education sector. The authors exploit the exogenous phasing in and timing of elections in Indonesian districts for causal identification. They find evidence of election-related increases in the number of contract teachers on local payrolls and increases in civil service teacher certifications, which dramatically increases salaries. These effects are particularly pronounced for districts in which the former authoritarian ruling party is in competition with new entrants.
Efficiency loss and uniform-price mechanism

We investigate the properties of the class of resource allocation mechanisms with uniform pricing scheme. An important consequence of the assumption that agents maximize their profits is that both the resource price and the quantities assigned to agents can be viewed as the implicit functions of the messages communicated to the mechanism. As a result agents¿ individual decisions become interdependent, which makes each agent capable of anticipating the effects of individual actions on the price of the resource. Focusing our attention on the Nash equilibrium solution concept we discuss the efficiency of equilibrium allocations of the game defined by the allocation mechanism both from the perspective of the global system goals and the individual objectives of agents. Our first contribution is the ranking of three variations of the uniform-price mechanism. We demonstrate the significant role of strategic variables used by agents and analyze mechanism designer¿s best response to agents¿ expected price-anticipating behavior. Since the resource allocation model being subject to our considerations can very well serve as a description of the uniform-price auction for divisible resources, the results of this paper can be viewed as an inquiry into properties of this auction format. As a second contribution we show how signals exchanged between agents and the mechanism can be successfully used to reach an equilibrium point in an iterative bidding process.
Decadal-scale progression of the onset of Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events

Abstract. During the last glacial period, proxy records throughout the Northern Hemisphere document a succession of rapid millennial-scale warming events, called Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events. A range of different mechanisms has been proposed that can produce similar warming in model experiments; however, the progression and ultimate trigger of the events are still unknown. Because of their fast nature, the progression is challenging to reconstruct from paleoclimate data due to the limited temporal resolution achievable in many archives and cross-dating uncertainties between records. Here, we use new high-resolution multi-proxy records of sea-salt (derived from sea spray and sea ice over the North Atlantic) and terrestrial (derived from the central Asian deserts) aerosol concentrations over the period 10–60 ka from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) and North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice cores in conjunction with local precipitation and temperature proxies from the NGRIP ice core to investigate the progression of environmental changes at the onset of the warming events at annual to multi-annual resolution. Our results show on average a small lead of the changes in both local precipitation and terrestrial dust aerosol concentrations over the change in sea-salt aerosol concentrations and local temperature of approximately one decade. This suggests that, connected to the reinvigoration of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the warming in the North Atlantic, both synoptic and hemispheric atmospheric circulation changes at the onset of the DO warming, affecting both the moisture transport to Greenland and the Asian monsoon systems. Taken at face value, this suggests that a collapse of the sea-ice cover may not have been the initial trigger for the DO warming.
The HKNET project : From technical innovation to creative group problem solving

1 This paper contains an extended abstract based on the forthcoming paper "Group Support Systems and Virtual Collaboration: The HKNet Project" to appear in the Journal of Decision and Negotiation. For more details regarding the HKNet project, see Vogel et al. (2001). Abstract With the development of new technologies, and particularly communication technology, societies have evolved to encompass new forms of interaction and collaboration. It is an illusion to think that relationships between human beings and their institutions will not change in essence in the future. We assume that the very nature of e-communication and of groupware such as Group Support S ystem can support innovation and creativity in a context of cultural and professional diversity. In 1998, 1999 and 2000 a n educational project (HKNet) between the City University of Hong Kong (China) and the Eindhoven University of Technology (The Netherla nds) has shown that remote collaboration can lead to successful and innovative problem solving in multicultural groups. This study focused on 178 participants, all of whom were involved in academic courses on software engineering, informatics and management using e-mail, videoconferencing, Internet phone connections and GroupSystems™ for both synchronous and asynchronous interactions. The task was to participate in a joint project on a chosen IT-related subject resulting in a joint report. We assumed that i f the HKNet project is a source of learning and knowledge to our participants, we should be able to measure what they learned culturally and professionally. Results revealed that the HKNet project created a win-win situation for both universities. Throughout the three-year project, GroupSystems ™ supported efficient group problem solving, development of new-shared meaning and cultural attitude changes. The groups wrote creative reports that reflected their having worked successfully together. The observed factors that determined the performance of the teams in the HKNet project were: Technology Infrastructure, Interaction, Professional background and Cultural background. Following this overview on the HKNET project setup and the lesson learned (Vogel et al., 2001; Rutkowski et al., forthcoming) the paper conclude with the description of next year experimental setup. Special emphasis will be given to innovation and creativity in problem solving of technical nature. Participants from the "Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble" and "Grenoble University" (France) will join the HKNET teams.
Gender Roles and Smoking Behaviour

The gender gap in smoking prevalence is closing in several developed countries due to decreasing smoking rates among men and increasing among women. Previous studies present a variety of hypotheses with the central argument that the process of gender equality is related to the declining trend regarding sex differences in smoking. We suppose that changes in traditional gender roles have influenced the smoking behaviour among both men and women. Our study focuses on the stereotypical masculine behaviour pattern which is assumed to be a smoking determinant and is increasingly adopted by females now. We applied a triangulation (combination) of qualitative and quantitative methods. The results indicate a connection between gender roles and health behaviour, especially smoking behaviour. The knowledge and experience of physicians reveal that although the attribute ‘masculinity’ is related to a higher risk of smoking it is increasingly adopted by women. The dynamic is further influenced by factors like age, social norms, workforce participation as well as mediaand leads to a change of perceived gender roles in society. This fact can partly explain the increasing amount of smoking women. From a methodological point of view the current study is an example for a successful triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Precisely because both methods have different angles-the qualitative one focusing on the knowledge and experiences of physicians and the quantitative one on individual behaviour style-the results complement each other and yield a comprehensive picture.
Mapping the incomes of older people in the UK, US and Germany

This paper examines the material well-being of older people in the UK, Germany, and US using longitudinal data for the period 1991-2001. There are many studies comparing the material well-being of older people in different countries using various summary indicators, such as the ratio of older people’s incomes to the population average or poverty rates among older people (Atkinson et al, 1995; Whiteford and Kennedy, 1995; Tsakloglou, 1996; Hauser, 1997; Forster and Pellizari, 2000; Disney and Whitehouse, 2001; Disney and Whitehouse, 2002). Whilst the results of these studies vary according to the methodology and data sets used, together they paint a fairly consistent picture of the UK’s ranking on these different measures. Typically, the relative incomes of older people in the UK are lower and poverty rates higher than in many other OECD countries, though not dramatically so. Some of these studies look in more detail at the distribution and composition of older people’s incomes in the UK and other countries and offer some possible explanations for the observed differences between countries. But, given the number of countries typically covered in these analyses, it is difficult to account for many of these differences beyond making some broad generalisations based on the structures of different pensions systems.
Birth Order, Fertility, and Child Height in India and Africa

The poor state of child health in India has generated a number of puzzles that have received attention in the literature. A recent focus on birth order has produced contradictory results. Coffey and Spears (2019) document an early-life survival advantage in India accruing to later birth orders, which they interpret as the result of a pattern of improving maternal nutrition over mothers' childbearing careers. In apparent contrast, Jayachandran and Pande (2017) show, using the same set of demographic surveys, a disadvantage in child height for later birth orders in India relative to Africa's birth order gradient. They interpret this pattern as discrimination against later birth-order children in India. This paper resolves the apparent contradiction, showing how differing correlations between sibsize (a child's number of siblings) and household wellbeing can account for the empirical findings of both studies: A mother having higher fertility, rather than lower, implies more socioeconomic disadvantage within India than within Africa. Accounting for sibsize reverses the apparent Indian laterborn disadvantage in child height, reversing the interpretation of Jayachandran and Pande. In short, a child's sibsize (or, equivalently, its mother's fertility) is an omitted variable in Jayachandran and Pande's analysis of birth order effects. Resolving these puzzles is critical for human development policy to combat the enduring challenges of disproportionately high rates of stunting and neonatal death in India, where one-fifth of global births occur.