Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Refinements of Universal Approximation Results for Deep Belief Networks and Restricted Boltzmann Machines

We improve recently published results about resources of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and deep belief networks (DBN) required to make them universal approximators. We show that any distribution on the set of binary vectors of length can be arbitrarily well approximated by an RBM with hidden units, where is the minimal number of pairs of binary vectors differing in only one entry such that their union contains the support set of . In important cases this number is half the cardinality of the support set of (given in Le Roux & Bengio, 2008). We construct a DBN with , hidden layers of width that is capable of approximating any distribution on arbitrarily well. This confirms a conjecture presented in Le Roux and Bengio (2010).
Relationship of Moral Foundations to Political Liberalism-Conservatism and Left-Right Orientation in a Finnish Representative Sample

In moral foundations research, two single-item measures of political orientation – with anchors labeled “liberal-conservative” or “left-right” – have been alternatively used. Using a Finnish representative sample, we employed both measures. High conservatism was associated with binding foundations (loyalty, authority, and sanctity), while the associations with the individualizing foundations (harm and fairness) were practically zero. By contrast, the left-right dimension was not associated with the sanctity foundation, but was associated with all other foundations. The measures of political orientation were interchangeable only for fairness; harm was more strongly associated with the left-right dimension, and all binding foundations were more strongly associated with the liberal-conservative dimension. This suggests that at least in some countries, the liberal-conservative and left-right measures are not interchangeable.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (REBT) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENYESUAIAN SOSIAL ANAK ASUH DI PANTI ASUHAN WIRA LISNA PADANG

The social adjustment as a process of adjustment to takes place in a sustainable. In their life, a person will be confronted with two realities that is self and their surroundings. Foster children that break the rules of orphanage, irresponsible, and unable to communicate well is indicative of the low social adjustment. REBT looked that the inability of individuals in interpersonal relationship resulting from irrational thinking. One of the efforts made to improve social adjustment is by doing REBT approach. This research was aimed at revealing the effectiveness of REBT approach in improving foster care social adjustment. This research is a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. By using Simple Random Sampling technique. The class consisted of 10 students the treatment was given in 6 meetings. The instrument was a scale model of Likert. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test assisted with SPSS versi 20.00. The result indicates that, in general, REBT approach Setting Group was effective in improving the social adjustment of foster children in orphanages Wira Lisna Padang. Meanwhile, in particular, there was a significant differences in the average scores between the social adjustment foster children before and after doing REBT approach Setting Group .
Optimizing Mycobacterial Culture in Smear-Negative, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Tuberculosis Cases

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem and the diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—infected individuals is challenging. The use of mycobacterial culture remains an important complementary tool and optimizing it has important benefits. We sought to determine the effect of an increase in the number of specimens evaluated, addition of nutritional supplementation to the culture medium, sputum appearance and volume on diagnostic yield and time to detection of pulmonary TB among smear-negative, HIV-infected adults. Methods In this prospective study conducted at the Tshwane District Hospital and Academic TB Laboratory, Pretoria, South Africa we collected three sputum specimens an hour apart from presumptive TB cases at an antiretroviral treatment site. We analysed specimens from 236 patients. Specimen appearance and volume were recorded. All specimens were processed for culture using both standard and supplemented media. Results A single specimen identified 79% of PTB cases using standard media; the second and third specimens added 12.5% and 8.3% respectively. Media supplementation, sputum appearance and specimen volume had no effect on culture yield or contamination rates. The mean time to detection was reduced from 19.8 days in standard cultures to 11.8 days in nutrient supplemented cultures (p = 0.002). For every 1 ml increase in sputum volume, time to detection was decreased by a factor of 0.797 (p = 0.011). Conclusion Use of an inexpensive culture supplement substantially reduced time to detection and could contribute to reducing treatment delay among HIV-infected cases.
Migration and differentiation of gonadal germ cells under cross-sex germline chimeras condition in domestic chickens

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate migration, proliferation and differentiation of gonadal germ cells (GGCs) collected from the gonads of 7-day-old chick embryos under cross-sex germline chimera conditions. The migratory and proliferative abilities of exogenous GGCs were examined by transferring 50 fluorescently labeled GGCs collected from White Leghorn (WL) embryos into the blood of 2-day-old Rhode Island Red (RIR) embryos. No significant difference was observed in the number of fluorescently labeled GGCs in the gonads of recipient embryos among any of the four possible donor and recipient sex combinations. Cross-sex germline chimeras were produced to examine the differentiation of GGCs by transferring 100 GGCs from WL embryos into 2-day-old RIR embryos. Exogenous-GGC-derived progeny were obtained from both male and female recipients, except when female GGCs were transferred into male recipients. The migratory ability of GGCs recovered from the 7-day-old embryonic gonad was not influenced by cross-sex germ cell transfer conditions, whereas the differentiation of the GGCs was affected by the sex combinations of GGCs donors and recipients.
Journalists as radio advertising endorsers in news or talk radio stations

This exploratory investigation studies the presence of journalists as advertising endorsers in news or talk radio stations when a mention or testimonial is embedded within programme, the characteristics of these advertisements, and the degree of their involvement with the message and the product and brand. The research analysed all programming contents from a sample of national stations, focusing on type, subject and length of endorsement, role of endorser, and frequency of brand mention and call to action. The results show that many cases do not respect the codes of conduct of the sector and bypass the distinction between editorial and commercial contents.
The effect of work-family conflict on depression in married working women.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of work-family conflict factors on depression in Korean married women. For the analysis of the research, we were used in the 5th year data of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. The subjects of this study were married women who were living with their husbands and wage workers, and the final analysis was 1,299. As a hierarchical regression analysis result, the work-family conflict of the working married women had a significant effect on depression. Especially, conflic t from family to work has the highest effect on depression( β =.150,p<0.01). This study suggests that traditional gender role pressures can have a negative impact on the mental health of working women. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate social policy measures to alleviate work-family conflicts of married working women.
Idealized native-speaker linguistic and pragmatic norms in English as an international language: exploring the perceptions of nonnative English teachers

ABSTRACT Despite the global spread of English, it seems that voices from nonnative English teachers concerning English as an international language (EIL) are under-represented. To address the issue, this study sought to investigate the nonnative teachers’ perceptions of idealized native-speaker linguistic and pragmatic norms in the EIL context. Participants included 125 nonnative English-speaking teachers from the Persian context, falling within the expanding circle. Questionnaires and interviews were used to explore the teachers’ perceptions of native-speaker norms. Findings showed that the nonnative teachers gave preference to native-speaker linguistic norms despite the emerging nonnative EIL norms. Although most of the teachers accepted the existence of a number of accents in English, they preferred the standard American or British accent for language education. As to EIL pragmatic norms, the teachers argued that some degree of flexibility is acceptable with regard to the use of L1 pragmatic norms in the EIL context. The EFL teachers in the present study maintained that the transfer of L1 pragmatic norms to the nativized English makes English a legitimate and culturally appropriate variety in communication between nonnative speakers. The findings contribute to the reappraisal of ELT practices and the premises underpinning teaching EIL.
A first approach for the contactless acquisition and automated detection of toolmarks on pins of locking cylinders using 3D confocal microscopy

Lockpicking forensics is currently a completely manual process, which requires a lot of skill as well as training and is therefore time-consuming as well as expensive. In this paper we make a first move to transfer the most crucial part of this specific forensic process, the contactless aquisition and analysis of traces on locking pins, into the domain of digitized forensics. To do so, we introduce a new five stage processing methodology for semi- or fully-automated lockpicking forensics. Our methodology consists of: trace positioning, acquisition, detection of traces with segmentation (or region of interest determination), determination of the trace type and the determination of the used opening methods. Within this pipeline the last three stages constitute a hierarchy of pattern recognition (PR) problems. In this paper we propose a solution approach for the Trace Positioning, Contacless Acquisition and the first of the three PR problems - the detection of traces with segmentation (or region of interest determination) on which the other two are depending. To implement this segmentation, we use texture recognition with gray-level-co-occurrence matrices to blockwisely describe the texture imposed by toolmarks with adequate features. By that we are able to distinguish between regions including potential traces and regions without relevant traces. With our presented approaches for an automated contactless acquisition and trace detection, we support and improve the classical manual forensic investigation in the field of lockpicking forensics in regards of effort, objectivity and reliability. Additionally, it creates a solid base for future work dealing with trace type determination and opening method classification. We evaluate our approach with a physical test set of 15 lock pins, from locks opened with three different opening methods. On this limited test set our approach achieves True Positive Rates of up to 85% for the detection of potentially trace wielding regions. This first result, although it still leaves room for improvement, constitutes and shows a positive tendency for a seminal first step towards semi- or fully-automated lockpicking forensics.
A MULTI-ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS OF PREFERENCES FOR ONLINE AND OFFLINE SHOPPING: DIFFERENCES ACROSS PRODUCTS, CONSUMERS, AND SHOPPING STAGES

In order to develop the optimal mix of online and offline services for a particular product, marketers must determine which key attributes are perceived by their target market to be delivered better online or offline. A multipart survey was administered to assess how product attribute evaluations drive differences in online/offline shopping preferences between products, between consumers, and between stages of the shopping experience. Two groups of participants - a student sample and a sample from a national survey panel - were asked to rate their likelihood of shopping online or offline for each of a series of products, both at the search stage and at the purchase stage. They were then asked to rate the importance of attributes that might have differential importance for products like clothing and books, and to rate the extent to which they thought each attribute was delivered better online or offline. For both samples, differences in importance weights assigned to attributes that favor online shopping and attributes that favor offline shopping were key predictors of observed differences in shopping mode preference across products and across consumers.
On the statistical reliability of letter-chart visual acuity measurements.

PURPOSE To determine boundary values of test-retest reliability and sensitivity to acuity change that are unlikely to be exceeded in any clinical situation, for a popular visual acuity chart (Lighthouse/ETDRS) with three scoring methods; to discuss general methodological issues associated with statistical accuracy of optotype chart testing; and to link measures of test reliability to measures of sensitivity to change. METHODS Five highly practiced subjects were tested using a computer-controlled acuity testing system in a procedure designed to reduce measurement error. Subjects read the computerized chart 156 times, yielding a sample of 78 test-retest comparisons. RESULTS Under conditions likely to minimize variability, visual acuity may, with 95% confidence, be ascertained only within +/- 0.1 log units, using this chart with the recommended letter-by-letter scoring. Detecting a significant change in visual acuity requires about +/- 0.14 log units for the same degree of confidence. CONCLUSIONS These measurements may be viewed as approaching the upper limit of reliability of this letter chart. Reliability probably is considerably less in typical usage.
Environmental Health: a Global Access Science Source Interaction of Atopy and Smoking on Respiratory Effects of Occupational Dust Exposure: a General Population-based Study

Background: For individual exposures, effect modification by atopy or smoking has been reported on the occurrence of occupational airway disease. It is unclear if effect modification can be studied in a general population by an aggregated exposure measure. Assess relationship between airway obstruction and occupational exposure using a job-exposure-matrix (JEM) classifying jobs into 3 broad types of exposure, and test for effect modification by atopy, and smoking.
PTEN Up-Regulates the Tumor Metastasis Suppressor Gene Drg-1 in Prostate and Breast Cancer

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) has been shown to be inactivated in a wide variety of cancers, and the role of this gene as a tumor suppressor has been well established. On the other hand, results of recent animal studies as well as clinical evidence indicate that PTEN is also involved in tumor metastasis suppression. Although PTEN is known to play a key role in controlling cell growth and apoptosis, how PTEN exerts the metastasis suppressor function remains largely unknown. Recently, a microarray analysis identified the Drg-1 gene (differentiation related gene 1) as one of the potential targets of PTEN. The Drg-1 gene has been shown to suppress tumor metastasis in animal models of prostate and colon cancer, and the expression of this gene is significantly reduced with advancement of prostate and breast cancers in clinical setting. In this study, we explored the possibility that PTEN controls tumor metastasis by regulating the expression of the Drg-1 gene. Our results indicate that overexpression of PTEN significantly augments the endogenous expression of Drg-1 protein, whereas inhibition of PTEN by small interfering RNA decreases Drg-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also found that the control of the Drg-1 gene by PTEN seems to be at the transcriptional level, and that a phospho-Akt inhibitor restores the Drg-1 expression, indicating that PTEN controls Drg-1 by an Akt-dependent pathway. Consistent with these results, our immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PTEN expression correlates significantly with Drg-1 in both prostate and breast cancer cases. Furthermore, combination of the two markers, PTEN and Drg-1, emerged as a significantly better predictor of prostate and breast cancer patient survival than either marker alone.
Chemometric Evaluation of Urinary Steroid Hormone Levels as Potential Biomarkers of Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon tumors which can secrete specific hormone products such as peptides, biogenic amines and hormones. So far, the diagnosis of NETs has been difficult because most NET markers are not specific for a given tumor and none of the NET markers can be used to fulfil the criteria of high specificity and high sensitivity for the screening procedure. However, by combining the measurements of different NET markers, they become highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. The aim of the work was to identify whether urinary steroid hormones can be identified as potential new biomarkers of NETs, which could be used as prognostic and clinical course monitoring factors. Thus, a rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) with UV detection has been developed for the determination of cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, testosterone, epitestosterone and progesterone in human urine. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, recovery and stability. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5 and 1 ng mL−1 for each steroid hormone, respectively. Linearity was confirmed within a range of 1–300 ng mL−1 with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9995 for all analytes. The described method was successfully applied for the quantification of six endogenous steroid levels in human urine. Studies were performed on 20 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with NETs. Next, for better understanding of tumor biology in NETs and for checking whether steroid hormones can be used as potential biomarkers of NETs, a chemometric analysis of urinary steroid hormone levels in both data sets was performed.
Treatment of Estrogen Deficiency Symptoms in Women

There are several million breast cancer survivors worldwide. In the United States, 180,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997, and approximately 97,000 of these women have an extremely low chance of suffering a recurrence of their cancer. With an average age at diagnosis of 60 years and a 25-year expected duration of survival, the current number of breast cancer survivors in the United States may approach 2.5 million women. Since breast cancer is now being detected at an earlier stage than previously and since adjuvant chemotherapy may cause ovarian failure, an increasing number of women are becoming postmenopausal at a younger age after breast cancer treatment. This conference was convened in September 1997 to consider how menopausal breast cancer survivors should be treated at the present time and what future studies are needed to develop improved therapeutic strategies. A total of 47 breast cancer experts and 13 patient advocates participated. The proceedings of the conference will be published in six installments in successive issues of oncology. This first part defines the problem and explores its magnitude and ramifications for patient management. [ONCOLOGY 1(13):109-136, 1999]
Automated Reporter Quantification In Vivo: High-Throughput Screening Method for Reporter-Based Assays in Zebrafish

Reporter-based assays underlie many high-throughput screening (HTS) platforms, but most are limited to in vitro applications. Here, we report a simple whole-organism HTS method for quantifying changes in reporter intensity in individual zebrafish over time termed, Automated Reporter Quantification in vivo (ARQiv). ARQiv differs from current “high-content” (e.g., confocal imaging-based) whole-organism screening technologies by providing a purely quantitative data acquisition approach that affords marked improvements in throughput. ARQiv uses a fluorescence microplate reader with specific detection functionalities necessary for robust quantification of reporter signals in vivo. This approach is: 1) Rapid; achieving true HTS capacities (i.e., >50,000 units per day), 2) Reproducible; attaining HTS-compatible assay quality (i.e., Z'-factors of ≥0.5), and 3) Flexible; amenable to nearly any reporter-based assay in zebrafish embryos, larvae, or juveniles. ARQiv is used here to quantify changes in: 1) Cell number; loss and regeneration of two different fluorescently tagged cell types (pancreatic beta cells and rod photoreceptors), 2) Cell signaling; relative activity of a transgenic Notch-signaling reporter, and 3) Cell metabolism; accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In summary, ARQiv is a versatile and readily accessible approach facilitating evaluation of genetic and/or chemical manipulations in living zebrafish that complements current “high-content” whole-organism screening methods by providing a first-tier in vivo HTS drug discovery platform.
Trait Emotional Intelligence Predicts Academic Satisfaction Through Career Adaptability

In the current work we investigated whether trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) contributes to academic satisfaction and explored a potential mechanism to explain this effect. Building on career construction theory (CCT), we hypothesized that trait EI is positively associated with academic satisfaction through enhancing career-specific coping resources—the so-called career adapt-abilities. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the relationship between trait EI and academic satisfaction and the mediating role of career adaptability among undergraduate students (N = 410). Results showed that trait EI is a positive predictor of academic satisfaction and that career adaptability mediates this relationship. These results suggest that the contribution of trait EI to academic satisfaction is partly due to increased perceptions of career adaptability. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Toward Transparent Heterogeneous Systems

Heterogeneous parallel systems are widely spread nowadays. Despite their availability, their usage and adoption are still limited, and even more rarely they are used to full power. Indeed, compelling new technologies are constantly developed and keep changing the technological landscape, but each of them targets a limited sub-set of supported devices, and nearly all of them require new programming paradigms and specific toolsets. Software, however, can hardly keep the pace with the growing number of computational capabilities, and developers are less and less motivated in learning skills that could quickly become obsolete. In this paper we present our effort in the direction of a transparent system optimization based on automatic code profiling and Just-In-Time compilation, that resulted in a fully-working embedded prototype capable of dynamically detect computing-intensive code blocks and automatically dispatch them to different computation units. Experimental results show that our system allows gains up to 32x in performance --- after an initial warm-up phase --- without requiring any human intervention.