Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altıncı yedinci ve sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okuduğunu anlama stratejilerini kullanma düzeyleri

Bu arastirmada 6. , 7. ve 8. sinif ogrencilerinin, kullandiklari okudugunu anlama stratejileri ve okudugunu anlama stratejilerini kullanma duzeylerinin cinsiyetlerine, siniflarina gore farklilik gosterip gostermedigi incelenmistir. Arastirmada veriler Okudugunu Anlama Stratejileri Olcegi ile toplanmistir. Ilkogretim okullarinda ogrenim goren 6. , 7. ve 8. sinif ogrencilerinin (n=858) katilimiyla gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda; a) 6. , 7. ve 8. sinif ogrencilerinin okuduklari metni anlama etkinlikleri sirasinda; bilmedigi kelimelerin karsiligini buldugu, ilgili sorulari yanitladigi, yuksek sesle okudugu, onemli yerlerini bulmaya calistigi, okudugunu anlama stratejilerini diger anlama stratejilerine gore daha sik kullandiklari, b) ogrencilerin okudugunu anlama stratejilerini kullanima duzeylerinin, cinsiyetlerine gore kizlar lehine farklilik gosterdigi, c) 6. , 7. ve 8. sinifta yer alan kiz ogrencilerin 8. sinifta yer alan erkek ogrencilere gore daha sik okudugunu anlama stratejileri kullandiklari, d) 7. siniflarin 8. sinif ogrencilerine gore daha sik okudugunu anlama stratejileri kullandiklari saptanmistir
Impact of Mass Deworming of School Children in Rural Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria: Option for Programme Sustainability

Three mass deworming exercises were carried out at 6-monthly intervals in Ekpeye and Ogba Kingdoms for children in public and private schools in 2007 and 2008. Over 24,000 pupils aged 2 to ≥12 years received oral pyrantel palmoate in three consecutive phases under the supervision of trained field staff with no complications. Pre-deworming and post-deworming surveys were conducted to determine effect of deworming on the prevalence of helminthiasis in both kingdoms. This study showed that school age children (5 to ≤ 12 years) were the largest in school in both kingdoms and by implication likely to have the highest worm load. Gender distribution suggested that there were boys more than girls in schools in both kingdoms. In both kingdoms, there was a significantly high level of reduction in worm infestation and worm load. Deworming of school children provided an easy and sustainable access to the high risk group for helminthic infection and the integration of deworming into the routine activities of teachers and health workers, programme sustainability can be ensured. However, concurrent implementation of the holistic helminthic control package is essential to achieve an overall reduction in the disease burden.
ATR Harmony in African Languages

A widespread phonological pattern in African languages of the Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan families is a type of vowel harmony or assimilation based on a phonological feature [ATR], or advanced tongue root. This article introduces the general behavior of African ATR harmony systems, briefly describes their geographic and genetic distribution, and discusses the phonetic basis of the feature [ATR]. I describe several aspects of typological variation in ATR harmony languages, with particular attention to some controversial issues of theoretical interest on which recent research may shed additional light. Topics covered include the nature of a widely discussed typological distinction between dominant and root-controlled ATR harmony languages, the extent to which [–ATR] vowels behave as dominant, the behavior of the frequently neutral vowel /a/, and the question of whether the direction of application of ATR harmony can be predicted from the morphological possibilities found in a language.
Interaction design gone wild: striving for wild theory

Interaction designers, with less technical expertise and modest resources, can conjure, create, and deploy a diversity of prototypes in all manner of places in the everyday world. The outcome of conducting in the-wild studies like these can be most revealing, demonstrating different results from those arising out of lab studies. If a system that is designed based on theories is shown to improve a particular behavior, to what extent can it be said to be due to a specific phenomena identified by a theory. Several theories in the behavioral sciences, philosophy, and ecological psychology that explain how people behave and act in the real world are beginning to find traction in interaction design. An interaction design, embodiment, which is concerned with the social and physical context of the body in structuring cognition and how the world is experienced. Other promising theories that are starting to make their mark in interaction design include proxemics and mindfulness.
Does Diversity Damage Social Capital? A Comparative Study of Neighbourhood Diversity and Social Capital in the US and Britain

Abstract. A number of scholars have noted a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social capital or social trust, especially in the US. Evidence from other countries has been more mixed and sometimes contradictory. In this paper we provide the first Anglo-American comparative analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood diversity and social capital, and show how this relationship varies across ethnic categories. We apply multilevel structural equation models to individual level data from the 2000 Citizen Benchmark Survey for the US and the 2005 Citizenship Survey for Great Britain. The findings suggest that while for attitudinal social capital among Whites the negative underlying relationship with diversity is apparent in both countries, the effect is much weaker or reversed for minority groups. For structural social capital the negative relationship is apparent for minorities but not Whites, but this is mainly attributable to other neighbourhood characteristics. Résumé. Un certain nombre d'universitaires ont noté une relation négative entre la diversité ethnique et le capital social ou la confiance sociale, surtout aux États-Unis. D'autres pays, par contre, offrent des constats plus mitigés et parfois contradictoires. Dans cet article, nous présentons la première analyse comparative anglo-américaine de la relation entre la diversité du voisinage et le capital social et nous démontrons comment cette relation varie selon les catégories ethniques. Nous appliquons des modélisations par équation structurelle à multiniveaux à des données de niveau individuel provenant du Citizen Benchmark Survey de 2000 pour les États-Unis et du Citizenship Survey de 2005 pour la Grande-Bretagne. Les résultats démontrent que si, pour le capital social attitudinal, la relation fondamentale négative avec la diversité est évidente parmi les Blancs dans les deux pays, l'effet est cependant beaucoup plus faible ou renversé pour les groupes minoritaires. En ce qui concerne le capital social structurel, la relation négative est évidente pour les minorités, mais pas pour les Blancs, mais cette situation est principalement attribuable à d'autres caractéristiques du voisinage.
Simulating Field-Scale Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics Using EPIC

Simulation models integrate our knowledge of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics and are useful tools for evaluating impacts of crop management on soil C sequestration; yet, they require local calibration. Our objectives were to calibrate the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model, and evaluate its performance for simulating SOC fractions as affected by soil landscape and management. An automated parameter optimization procedure was used to calibrate the model for a site-specific experiment in the Coastal Plain of central Alabama. The ability of EPIC to predict corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields and SOC dynamics on different soil landscape positions (summit, sideslope and drainageway) during the initial period of conservation tillage adoption (5 years) was evaluated using regression and mean squared deviations. Simulated yield explained 88% of measured yield variation, with greatest disagreement on the sideslope position and highest agreement in the drainageway. Simulations explained approximately 1, 34 and 40% of the total variation in microbial biomass C (MBC), particulate organic C (POC) and total organic C (TOC), respectively. Lowest errors on TOC simulations (0-20 cm) were found on the sideslope and summit. We conclude that the automated parameterization was generally successful, although further work is neededmore » to refine the MBC and POC fractions, and to improve EPIC predictions of SOC dynamics with depth. Overall, EPIC was sensitive to spatial differences in C fractions that resulted from differing soil landscape positions. The model needs additional refinement for accurate simulations of field-scale SOC dynamics affected by short-term management decisions. « less
Everolimus-eluting coronary stents

Bare metal stents enabled a reduction in the risk of early procedural complications and restenosis in comparison with balloon angioplasty alone, but introduced a new and device-specific iatrogenic condition, ie, in-stent restenosis due to increased neointimal hyperplasia. Sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents reduce restenosis and the need for new revascularizations in comparison with bare metal stents, although at the cost of a slight increase in the risk of late stent thrombosis and a need for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy. Everolimus is an analog of sirolimus with an increased solubility. In this review, the currently available evidence for everolimus-eluting stents is revised, including randomized trials against bare metal stents, and head-to-head trials comparing this stent with other drug-eluting stents.
Correlates of Outpatient Drug Treatment Drop-Out Among Methamphetamine Users

Abstract This article explores correlates of retention among the 2,337 methamphetamine (MA) users entering public outpatient treatment programs in California from January 1, 1994 through September 30, 1997. A secondary analysis of data from the California Alcohol and Drug Data System (CADDS) was performed and predictors of drop-out before treatment completion (as measured by a retention of 180 days or more) were determined using logistic regression. Overall, 23.3% of MA users completed treatment, a rate similar to that for users of other drugs throughout California. As expected, MA users who were older (40 years or over), had less severe drug use patterns (used less than daily or did not inject), or who were under coerced treatment were significantly more likely to complete treatment that other MA users. Surprisingly, men were significantly more likely than women to drop out of treatment before 180 days. Until studies currently collecting primary data on MA treatment are completed, the present secondary analysis provides a useful foundation upon which future research and intervention strategies may be based.
MATHEMATICAL BEHAVIORS OF SUCCESSFUL STUDENTS FROM A CHALLENGED ETHNIC MINORITY

This study explored the mathematical behavior of resilient students of Ethiopian origin (SEO), members of an underrepresented and challenged ethnic group in Israel. Using qualitative methodologies, we examined six SEO, three in an advanced secondary school mathematics track and three in a pre-academic course while working on non-routine mathematical tasks. The mathematical behaviours and views of these students were found to be highly consistent with their professed beliefs and behaviors, which we explored in a previous study. Success was attributed to beliefs enacted during problem solving and was accounted for by neither giftedness nor special ethnic characteristics, but rather by high motivation, self-regulation, and persistence driven by positive identities, personal agency and ethnic identification.
Effects of enamel matrix proteins on adherence, proliferation and migration of epithelial cells: A real-time in vitro study

Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) can mimic odontogenic effects by inducing the proliferation and differentiation of connective tissue progenitor cells, stimulating bone growth and arresting epithelial cells migration. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data indicating that any active component of EMD reduces epithelial cell viability. The present study examines the impact of commercial lyophilized EMD, porcine recombinant amelogenin (prAMEL; 21.3 kDa) and tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) on the adherence, proliferation and migration of human epithelial cells in real-time. The tongue carcinoma cell line SCC-25 was stimulated with EMD, porcine recombinant AMEL and TRAP, at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml. Cell adherence, migration and proliferation were monitored in real-time using the xCELLigence system. No significant effects of EMD on the morphology, adhesion, proliferation and migration of SCC-25 cells were observed. However, porcine recombinant AMEL had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on SCC-25 cell proliferation and migration. Predominantly, no notable differences were found between control and TRAP-treated cells in terms of cell adhesion and migration, a decrease in proliferation was observed, but this was not statistically significant. EMD and its active components do not increase the tongue cancer cell viability.
Influence of a genomic classifier on post-operative treatment decisions in high-risk prostate cancer patients: results from the PRO-ACT study

Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of an individualized genomic classifier (GC) test, for predicting metastasis following radical prostatectomy (RP), on urologists’ adjuvant treatment decisions when caring for high-risk patients. Patients and methods: Data were submitted by US board-certified urologists in community practices (n = 15), who ordered the GC test for 146 prostate cancer patients with adverse pathologic features following RP (i.e., pathologic stage pT3 or positive surgical margins). Treatment recommendations were reported using an electronic data collection instrument, before and after reviewing the GC test report. Physicians also completed a Decision Conflict Scale (DCS), a decisional conflict measure, to assess their confidence with their treatment recommendations. Results: Over 60% of high-risk patients were re-classified as low risk after review of the GC test results. Overall, adjuvant treatment recommendations were modified for 30.8% (95% CI = 23–39%) of patients. With GC test results, 42.5% of patients who were initially recommended adjuvant therapy were subsequently recommended observation. Although the number of patients recommended adjuvant therapy remained the same before and after review of the GC test results, it did influence patient treatment strategies. Multivariable analysis confirmed GC risk was the only significant predictor of treatment recommendations (OR = 4.04; 95% CI = 2.36, 6.92; p < 0.0001). Decisional conflict with regard to adjuvant treatment decisions was significantly less with the use of the GC test (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Information on individualized metastasis risk based on a patient’s tumor biology, with use of the GC test, significantly changed urologists’ adjuvant treatment recommendations for post-operative patients with prostate cancer, who were at high risk of metastasis. Namely, the results of this study provide evidence for the utility of the GC test, and show it may guide use of adjuvant radiation.
Statistical power to detect main and interactive effects on the attributes of small-mammal populations

Statistical power is an important consideration in the design of experiments, because resources invested in an experiment may be wasted if it is unlikely to produce statistically significant results when real effects or differences exist. Using data from toxicological experiments on seminatural populations of small mammals, we examined the power of statistical tests for main and interactive effects. Our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of actively reducing within-treatment variation in order to increase power and compare the power provided by several response variables commonly measured in population studies. Controlling population size (N) before treatment increased power to detect effects on N but decreased power to detect effects on population growth (r). For a specified reduction in N, r provided higher power than N. Fractional measures of recruitment generally provided low power, especially when N was low (<20 animals). Power to detect an interaction of two adverse treatments depended on the magnitudes of their main effects, as well as the magnitude of interactive effects. Estimating or predicting effect size is more complex and difficult for interactive effects than for main effects. We conclude that researchers can increase the probability of detecting real effects by choosing response variables with relatively low inherent variability. However, efforts to actively reduce within-treatment variation may have unanticipated repercussions in natural systems. Resume : La puissance statistique est un facteur de consideration important lors de la mise au point d'experiences parce que les ressources investies dans une experience peuvent l'etre en pure perte si elles ne peuvent donner lieu a des resultats statistiquement significatifs meme lorsque les effets ou differences sont reels. Nous avons utilise les resultats d'experiences toxicologiques sur des populations seminaturelles de petits mammiferes pour examiner la puissance des tests statistiques dans l'etude des effets principaux et des effets d'interactions. Notre objectif etait d'evaluer l'efficacite de la reduction controlee de la variation intra-groupe (traitement) pour augmenter la puissance et
Insurability and Mitigation of Flood Losses in Private Households in Germany

In Germany, flood insurance is provided by private insurers as a supplement to building or contents insurance. This article presents the results of a survey of insurance companies with regard to eligibility conditions for flood insurance changes after August 2002, when a severe flood caused 1.8 billion euro of insured losses in the Elbe and the Danube catchment areas, and the general role of insurance in flood risk management in Germany. Besides insurance coverage, governmental funding and public donations played an important role in loss compensation after the August 2002 flood. Therefore, this article also analyzes flood loss compensation, risk awareness, and mitigation in insured and uninsured private households. Insured households received loss compensation earlier. They also showed slightly better risk awareness and mitigation strategies. Appropriate incentives should be combined with flood insurance in order to strengthen future private flood loss mitigation. However, there is some evidence that the surveyed insurance companies do little to encourage precautionary measures. To overcome this problem, flood hazards and mitigation strategies should be better communicated to both insurance companies and property owners.
Xbal polymorphism of the apolipoprotein B gene influences plasma lipid response to diet intervention

Fresh blood samples were collected from 103 North Karelians who had in 1981–84 participated in dietary intervention studies and analysis of the Xbal restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of apolipoprotein B (apoB) was carried out. Reanalysis of the original plasma lipid and apolipoprotein data indicated that while baseline concentrations did not differ significantly between genotypes, the response to a low‐fat, low‐cholesterol diet was influenced by apoB Xbal genotype: reductions in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apoB and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were greater in subjects homo‐ or heterozygous for the presence of the Xbal cutting site (X1X2 or X2X2 genotype, designated X2+) as compared to those lacking the cutting site (X1X1 genotype, designated X2—). The corresponding average reductions induced by dietary intervention in X2+ and X2— subjects were: for total cholesterol 1.30 and 0.99 mmol/1 (p=0.036), for LDL cholesterol 1.04 and 0.78 mmol/1 (p=0.049), for apoB 18.3 and 8.1 mg/100 ml (p=0.012) and for HDL cholesterol 0.26 and 0.17 mmol/1 (p = 0.008).
2HOT: An improved parallel hashed oct-tree N-Body algorithm for cosmological simulation

We report on improvements made over the past two decades to our adaptive treecode N-body method (HOT). A mathematical and computational approach to the cosmological N-body problem is described, with performance and scalability measured up to 256k (218) processors. We present error analysis and scientific application results from a series of more than ten 69 billion (40963) particle cosmological simulations, accounting for 4 × 1020 floating point operations. These results include the first simulations using the new constraints on the standard model of cosmology from the Planck satellite. Our simulations set a new standard for accuracy and scientific throughput, while meeting or exceeding the computational efficiency of the latest generation of hybrid TreePM N-body methods.
PPAR-γ Agonists and Their Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are the most frequent endocrine-metabolic diseases in the world and their pathogenic basis are characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects that can be demonstrated through several alterations in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein metabolism. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have been identified as key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism, because they act as transcription factors that stimulate protein synthesis in a wide variety of processes (energetic metabolism, proliferation, and cellular differentiation), of which have been identified 3 types (α, β/δ, γ). The thiazolidenediones are compounds that act as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ increasing the tissues sensibility (muscle, adiposity tissue, and liver) to the insulin action; that is why they are used nowadays in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These drugs produce several of adverse effects, such as weight increased, edema, anemia, pulmonary edema, and congestive cardiac failure. Even their use have been related for some studies to an increased in the myocardium infarct risk; this correlation has not been a strong determinant to remove them from the market.
The State and Level of Involvement among Jordanian Kindergarten Parents and its Relationship to Teachers' Efforts of Outreach

This study explored both the school- and home-based involvement practices of parents of children attending kindergarten in the city of Zarqa, Jordan. The study also examined the effect of some selected parental demographic variables (i.e. socioeconomic levels and levels of education) on parent involvement and the relationship between kindergarten parental involvement practices and parents' perceptions of teachers' efforts of outreach. Data were collected from 310 kindergarten parents using a 33-item questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that kindergarten parents involve themselves in different ways and assume different roles in their children's education at home and school. In general, parents were more participatory in home than in the school. Furthermore, there were no significant effects of parents' socioeconomic levels and levels of education on their home and school involvement practices. On the other hand, the results indicated a weak but significant relationship between parents' perceptions of teachers' efforts of outreach and both their home and school-based involvement practices. Different suggestions and recommendations for enhancing the involvement of kindergarten parents were addressed and presented based on the findings of this study.