Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medication adherence in crisis?

Aims and method: We examined rates of medication non-adherence in 172 referrals to a crisis resolution home treatment service; we then explored any association between pattern of adherence and the treatment interventions recommended. Results: Thirty percent of crisis referrals (95% confidence intervals (CI) 24%, 38%) reported sub-optimal medication adherence in the preceding month. These individuals were significantly more likely to have a dual diagnosis (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.4, 5.9) and assessment was significantly more likely to be followed by admission (odds ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.0, 6.2); non-adherence remained a significant predictor of admission when the odds were adjusted for confounders (odds ratio 1.18; 95% CI 1.0, 1.3). Clinical implications: Clinicians need to proactively identify and manage non-adherence as it is a potentially preventable trigger of relapse often present for months rather than days prior to the index crisis referral. Non-adherence is a meaningful target for improving clinical and cost-effectiveness of general adult mental health services.
Differential expression of connexin 43 in gastrointestinal stromal tumours of gastric and small intestinal origin

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are considered to originate from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). ICCs are classified into several subtypes according to their location or roles. Several reports indicate that GISTs of the small intestine appear to have different clinical and pathological characteristics from gastric GISTs. We previously found using a cDNA expression chip that connexin 43, a component of gap junctions, is expressed specifically in small intestinal GISTs but not in gastric GISTs. To confirm the specificity of connexin 43 expression, we analysed 10 small intestinal GISTs and 15 gastric GISTs by northern blotting, western blotting and immunohistochemistry in this study. Northern blotting was performed in five small intestinal GISTs and five gastric GISTs, and revealed connexin 43 mRNA expression in all of the five small intestinal GISTs, but in none of the gastric GISTs. By western blotting, bands corresponding to connexin 43 were easily detected in all of the five small intestinal GISTs studied but were absent in all five gastric GISTs analysed. Immunohistochemistry showed that all of the 10 small intestinal GISTs were positive for connexin 43 but only one of 15 gastric GISTs, which exhibited a mutation in exon 9 of the KIT gene, was connexin 43‐positive. We also examined the localization of connexin 43 in the normal stomach and small intestine. Immunoreactivity for connexin 43 was present in both normal gastric and small intestinal circular muscle layers, but it was unclear which cell type was positive. These results suggest that GISTs are divided into at least two groups, namely the gastric subtype and the small intestinal subtype, through phenotype but not location. Furthermore, these data indicate that the gastric and the small intestinal subtypes of GIST may originate from different subtypes of ICC. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Awareness in Mobile CSCW

The diffusion of mobile devices in the working landscape is promoting collaboration across time and space. Following through this development, we investigate opportunities for improving awareness in mobile environments with a view to enable collaboration under power constraints and transitory network disconnections. We elaborate in particular on synchronous CSCW and expose with it significant details of group awareness, while we contribute a protocol for awareness support over large areas that strikes a balance between energy consumption and notification time. To avoid user disruption, this protocol notifies awareness information in a multicast fashion, while the bandwidth is allocated dynamically among notifications and data requests, thus minimizing the time needed by each one of them and ensuring the isochronous delivery of information to all clients. The efficiency and scalability of our protocol are evaluated with simulation experiments, whereby we compare various notification schemes and finally choose one that changes dynamically over time
Lost in Translation. Discrimination in the Swedish Criminal Justice Process Exemplified Using the Court‐Room Experiences of Justice System Professionals

Research conducted by the authors among Swedish justice system professionals indicates the presence of a dissonance between a desire not discriminate against people from minority backgrounds and the de facto occurrence of precisely this kind of discrimination throughout the criminal justice process. The article notes that this can be understood as resulting from a situation where, just as in other areas of society, much of the disadvantage suffered by people from minority backgrounds in the justice system is due to what has been referred to as ‘subtle, unconscious, automatic discrimination’. On the basis of experiences described by justice system professionals, the article presents a range of examples illustrating some of the many situations in which people from minority backgrounds are disadvantaged in their contacts with the Swedish justice system. It concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the findings for efforts to combat discrimination within the criminal justice process.
Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an integrative model

In this article, the model of spiritual leadership of Fry and colleagues is built on to envision how spiritual leaders can influence employee commitment in the workplace, and ultimately job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, retention, and psychological well-being. The model presented proposes sense of calling and sense of membership as mediators of the effects of spiritual leadership on four components of commitment (affective, normative, continuance-sacrifices, and continuance-alternatives). Three moderators of spiritual leadership are proposed: climate for spirituality, personal spirituality, and materialism. Based on recent research on commitment and its meaning with regard to spirituality, I derive a number of testable propositions that can guide further research on spiritual leadership and commitment. Finally, I discuss levels of analysis and generalizability of the model as key issues that research should address in the future.
Generational differences at work: introduction and overview

Purpose – This introduction seeks to provide a brief background to the notion that there are generational differences at work and to introduce the papers included in this special issue of the Journal of Managerial Psychology.Design/methodology/approach – The current context concerning generational differences at work is briefly outlined followed by a description of the core theory underpinning the notion of generational cohorts. Criticisms of this theoretical premise are provided before a brief outline is given to each article in the special issue.Findings – There is evidence for changes in personality profiles across generations, and for differences in attitudes towards work and careers. However, effect sizes tend not to be large, and some findings are inconsistent with popular stereotypes regarding generational differences. Little support was found for differences in work values or motivation.Practical implications – Contrary to popular hype concerning generational differences at work, managerial time m.
Environment and Behavior Influence the Complexity of Evolved Neural Networks

How does environmental structure influence the dynamics of adaptive behavior and its underlying mechanisms? By analyzing the neural controller of a simulated head/eye system, we show that a specific measure—“neural complexity”—can be selectively sensitive to neural dynamics underlying rich adaptive behavior. Evolutionary algorithms were used to generate neural network controllers able to support target fixation in environmental and phenotypic conditions of qualitatively different complexity. Networks that evolved in rich conditions showed higher behavioral flexibility and robustness, and higher neural complexity, than networks that evolved in simple conditions. The magnitude of neural complexity, which reflects a balance between dynamical integration and dynamical segregation, depended on properties of both the environment and the head/eye phenotype. These results show that neurally complex dynamics can accompany adaptive behavior in rich environmental and phenotypic conditions; they are consistent with the proposal that neural complexity may represent a common property of the functional organization of adaptive neural systems.
21st Century Ratings Creep: PG-13 and R

ABSTRACT “Ratings creep” is the term used to describe the escalation of adult content over time in movies with the same rating. This study is an analysis of the language used by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) in rating descriptions for films rated PG-13 from 2000–2003 and R from 2000, looking for mention and modification of overall adult, sexual, and violent content. For this period, PG-13-rated movie descriptions showed gains in sexual content only. When comparing descriptions from PG-13-rated films from 2003 to R-rated films from 2000, significant creep in terms of sexual and violent content was detected.
Psychological versus economic models of bounded rationality

That the rationality of individual people is ‘bounded’ – that is, finite in scope and representational reach, and constrained by the opportunity cost of time – cannot reasonably be controversial as an empirical matter. In this context, the paper addresses the question as to why, if economics is an empirical science, economists introduce bounds on the rationality of agents in their models only grudgingly and partially. The answer defended in the paper is that most economists are interested primarily in markets and only secondarily in the dynamics of individual decisions – specifically, they are interested in these dynamics mainly insofar as they might systematically influence the most useful approaches to modeling interesting markets. In market contexts, bounds on rationality are typically generated by institutional and informational properties specific to the market in question, which arise and are sustained by structural dynamics that do not originate in or reduce to individuals' decisions or psychological dispositions. To be sure, these influences interact with psychological dispositions, so economists have reason to attend to the psychology of valuation. But no general model of bounded rationality should ever be expected to feature in the economist's toolkit, regardless of the extent to which psychologists successfully identify specific human cognitive limitations. Use of moderate rational expectations assumptions should be understood in this light. Such assumptions are readily relaxed in specific applications, and in ways customized to modeling circumstances, that modelers, experimentalists, and econometricians are making steadily more sophisticated.
Infection of neurons and encephalitis after intracranial inoculation of herpes simplex virus requires the entry receptor nectin-1

Multiple entry receptors can mediate infection of cells by herpes simplex virus (HSV), permitting alternative pathways for infection and disease. We investigated the roles of two known entry receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and nectin-1, in infection of neurons in the CNS and the development of encephalitis. Wild-type, HVEM KO, nectin-1 KO, and HVEM/nectin-1 double KO mice were inoculated with HSV into the hippocampus. The mice were examined for development of encephalitis or were killed at various times after inoculation for immunohistological analyses of brain slices. Nectin-1 KO mice showed no signs of disease after intracranial inoculation, and no HSV antigens were detectable in the brain parenchyma. However, HSV antigens were detected in non-parenchymal cells lining the ventricles. In the double KO mice, there was also no disease and no detectable expression of viral antigens even in non-parenchymal cells, indicating that infection of these cells in the nectin-1 KO mice was dependent on the expression of HVEM. Wild-type and HVEM KO mice rapidly developed encephalitis, and the patterns of HSV replication in the brain were indistinguishable. Thus, expression of nectin-1 is necessary for HSV infection via the intracranial route and for encephalitis; HVEM is largely irrelevant. These results contrast with recent findings that (i) either HVEM or nectin-1 can permit HSV infection of the vaginal epithelium in mice and (ii) nectin-1 is not the sole receptor capable of enabling spread of HSV infection from the vaginal epithelium to the PNS and CNS.
Dusart Syndrome in a Scandinavian family characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis at young age

Abstract Background. Dysfibrinogenemia is a rare group of qualitative fibrinogen disorders caused by structural abnormalities in the fibrinogen molecule. The laboratory diagnosis of dysfibrinogenemia is controversial. Fibrinogen Paris V, clinically termed Dusart Syndrome, is a dysfibrinogenemia caused by a single base substitution in the gene coding for the Aα-chain of the fibrinogen molecule. Objectives. To diagnose the first Scandinavian family with Fibrinogen Paris V affecting several family members; the proband, a seven-year-old boy with cerebral vein thrombosis. Methods. The diagnosis was established following the ISTH guideline for laboratory testing supplemented with fibrin structure analysis and fibrinogen gene analysis. Results. Prolonged thrombin time and reduced ratio between the functional and the protein concentration of fibrinogen were observed in four family members who also were characterized by significantly reduced fibrin polymerization (p < 0.001), reduced fibrin fibre diameter (p < 0.001), reduced fibrin mass-length ratio (p < 0.001) and significantly reduced t-PA-induced fibrinolysis of the fibrin clots (p < 0.001) when compared to controls. Fibrinogen gene analysis demonstrated that five of the family members carried the Fibrinogen Paris V mutation. All laboratory tests were normal in the family members carrying the wild type of the fibrinogen gene. Four of the affected patients had suffered from thrombotic episodes. A noticeable feature in the present family was the presence of both venous and arterial thrombosis. Conclusions. Excellent concordance was observed between the screening and confirmatory tests, fibrin structure analysis and fibrinogen gene analysis. Fibrin structure analysis should be considered in the laboratory algorithm for diagnosis of dysfibrinogenemia.
Are the Unskilled Really that Unaware? An Alternative Explanation

In a series of articles and manuscripts (e.g., [Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134; Dunning, D. , Johnson, K. , Ehrlinger, J., & Kruger, J. (2003). Why people fail to recognize their own incompetence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 83-87; Ehrlinger, J., Johnson, K. , Banner, M. , Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (2008). Why the unskilled are unaware: Further exploration of (absent) self-insight among the incompetent. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105, 98-121. ]), Dunning, Kruger and their collaborators argued that the unskilled lack the metacognitive ability to realize their incompetence. We propose that the alleged unskilled-and-unaware problem - rather than being one of biased judgements - is a signal extraction problem that differs for the skilled and the unskilled. Specifically, the unskilled face a tougher inference problem than the skilled.
Encounters Between Police and 'Unattached Youth' and The Occurrence of Juvenile Delinquency

Employing the inter-actionist perspective on crime and delinquency to investigate the context of encounter between the police and the 'unattached youth' (at-risk youth/juvenile delinquents), intensive individual interviews with a group of patrolling officers and a group of 'unattached youth' were conducted. Field observation of actual encounters between police and 'unattached youth' was also carried out to collect more qualitative data. Findings suggest that such juveniles have stereotyped conceptions of the police, while the police have a social and welfare orientation towards the problem of juvenile delinquency. However, the encountering process was not related to the occurrence of official juvenile crime.
Effects of level of processing on memory for affectively valenced words

In this study we tested whether subjects remember affectively valenced stimuli better than neutral stimuli when their attention is not focused on the affective charge of the stimuli during encoding. We tested memory for positive, negative, and neutral words in three memory tasks and using two encoding conditions (physical and semantic). Our results show that subjects remember affectively valenced stimuli better than neutral stimuli when they encode them according to their emotional content as well as to other features of the stimuli. However, although both positive and negative words are better remembered than neutral ones when semantically encoded, only positive words are better remembered than neutral ones when physically encoded. These results suggest that the affective charge of a stimulus (especially when positive) can affect retention even when a subject's attention has not focused on it during encoding.
Discriminant validity of the Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration in relation to children with handwriting dysfunction

Background: The Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration (VMI) is commonly used to assess handwriting dysfunction in children. The relationship between handwriting and underlying abilities as measured by the VMI, beyond the writing readiness stage, is unclear. The present study examined the ability of the VMI to discriminate between children with and without handwriting dysfunction. Methods: As part of a larger research study, 35 children with handwriting dysfunction from grades 4–6 (as identified by their teachers) and 35 children without handwriting dysfunction were assessed with the VMI. Results: The VMI correctly identified only a small number of the children with handwriting dysfunction (sensitivity, 34%). Conclusion: The authors caution against the routine use of the VMI to assess older school-aged children with handwriting dysfunction. Use of a model of practice and clinical reasoning is recommended to guide the assessment of children with handwriting dysfunction.
When goal pursuit fails: The functions of counterfactual thought in intention formation.

Counterfactual thoughts predominantly occur in response to failed goal pursuit. The primary function of self-related counter- factuals seems to be correction of specific behaviors and preparation for future successful goal attainment. In the present article we describe a model that outlines this view of counterfactual thoughts. We focus specifically on automatic versus controlled processes of counterfactual thinking and their relation to the formation of intentions. We link our model to research on goal pursuit, in which the impact of counterfactual thoughts and related affective experiences (e.g., regret) has been somewhat neglected. Implications for research on motivation and goal pursuit are discussed and novel predictions highlighted.
Defining the needs of patients with intellectual disabilities in the high security psychiatric hospitals in England.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that a substantial proportion of the patients with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the high security psychiatric hospitals (HSPHs) should be transferred to more appropriate services to cater for their specific needs in the longer term. METHOD The individual and placement needs of high secure psychiatric patients detained under the legal category of mental impairment or severe mental impairment were assessed in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS Patients had a large number of needs (on average 10.8), about a third of which were rated as unmet and therefore represented significant continuing problems. Approximately one-third of the sample could be moved out of HSPHs if appropriate alternatives were available. Factors associated with the continued need for high security included higher treatment and security needs, younger age, recent violent conduct and their index offence profile. CONCLUSIONS High security services are still required for a number of patients with ID. New and existing services need to be configured to meet specific profiles of need and provide long-term rehabilitation and specialist care. DECLARATION OF INTEREST This was part of a larger project funded by grants from the High Security Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board and Department of Health.
[Effect of traditional Chinese medicines with different properties on thermoregulation and temperature-sensitive transient receptor potentialion channel protein of rats with yeast-induced fever].

OBJECTIVE To compare the intervention effects of four traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with typical cold or hot property on body temperature and temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channel proteins (TRPs) of rats with yeast-induced fever. METHOD The pyrexia model was induced by injecting yeast suspension subcutaneously. Totally 108 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma treated group, the Coptidis Rhizoma treated group, the Euodiae Fructus treated group, and the Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma treated group, with 18 rats in each group. At the 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after injection of yeast, the rats were sacrificed to collect their hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglion. The expressions of TRPV1 and TRPM8 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot method. RESULT Compared with the normal group, after injection of yeast, the temperature of rats in the model group notably increased, and reached the peak at 8 h (P < 0.01). The TRPV1 level in hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the model group significantly increased, whereas the TRPM8 level significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group and the Coptidis Rhizoma group showed significant decrease in the high body temperature of rats caused by yeast, down-regulation in the expression of TRPV1, and up-regulation in the expression of TRPM8 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no significant effect on either temperature or TRPs of fever rats. CONCLUSION Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, both are TCMs with cold property, can reduce the temperature of fever rats induced by yeast, which may be related to their effective regulation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 in hypothalamus and DRG, while Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no relevant effect.