Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategies of reliable transmission in practical network coding system

In order to improve the communication quality in practical network coding system, three main strategies are proposed to protect the encoding vectors, which includes importing cyclical redundancy into the encoding vectors of the coded packets, executing distributed space-time code to the encoded packets and a shift between the above two modes above according to different signal-noise ratios. And then an amendatory CRC mode is proposed to reduce the energy consumption in transmission. The results of simulation reveal that the three strategies can improve the transmission quality efficiently and the amendatory CRC mode can help to save transmission energy significantly. Applying the shift mode can tackle with the issue of instable transmission at the expense of a few times of retransmission.
Nitric oxide deficiency determines global chromatin changes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

The present study provides evidence that abnormal patterns of global histone modification are present in the skeletal muscle nuclei of mdx mice and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. A combination of specific histone H3 modifications, including Ser‐10 phosphorylation, acetylation of Lys 9 and 14, and Lys 79 methylation, were found enriched in muscle biopsies from human patients affected by DMD and in lateterm fetuses, early postnatal pups, or adult mdx mice. In this context, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed an enrichment of these modifications at the loci of genes involved in proliferation or inflammation, suggesting a regulatory effect on gene expression. Remarkably, the reexpression of dystrophin induced by gentamicin treatment or the administration of nitric oxide (NO) donors reversed the abnormal pattern of H3 histone modifications. These findings suggest an unanticipated link between the dystrophin‐activated NO signaling and the remodeling of chromatin. In this context, the regulation of class Ila histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5 was found altered as a consequence of the reduced NOdependent protein phosphatase 2A activity, indicating that both NO and class IIa HDACs are important for satellite cell differentiation and gene expression in mdx mice. In conclusion, this work provides the first evidence of a role for NO as an epigenetic regulator in DMD. —Colussi, C. ,Gurtner, A. , Rosati, J., Illi, B. , Ragone, G. , Piaggio, G. , Moggio, M. , Lamperti, C. , D'Angelo, G. ,Clementi, E. , Minetti, G. , Mozzetta, C. , Antonini, A. , Capogrossi, M. C. , Puri, P. L. , Gaetano, C. Nitric oxide deficiency determines global chromatin changes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEBJ. 23, 2131–2141 (2009)
Business-to-business networking and its impact on innovation: exploring the UK evidence

The paper reports the results of a systematic literature review that explored the evidence on networking and innovation. The review concentrated on articles published between 1980 and 2003 and from 628 it selected 179 that were rated highly. This paper explains the evidence as it relates to the United Kingdom and the implications for a country's innovation infrastructure more generally are highlighted. The study finds that firm's in the UK have a strong history of networking, that they are not as competent as competitors at leveraging value from networks and that the UK's network infrastructure requires further development
2012 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering the Influences of Customer Citizenship Behaviors on Brand Reputation

Company reputation, as one of firm marketing performance indexes, has been a focus in brand research field for many years. Assessments of the influences of customer citizenship behaviors (CCBs) on manufacture brand reputation (MBR) and distributor brand reputation (OBR) are the primary focus of this paper. CCBs are voluntary, outside of the customer's required role for service delivery, which provide assistance and are conducive to effective organizational functioning. In this paper, CCBs are the predictors of MBR and DBR. Further, DBR serves as a mediator of the effects of CCBs on MBR. The findings offer new insights into the role of CCBs and the effects on key marketing outcomes, with important implications for marketing theory and practice.
Applying Web Oriented Technologies to Implement an Adaptive Spread Spectrum Watermarking Procedure and a Flexible DRM Platform

The advances in multimedia technologies have created opportunities for Internet pirates, who can copy multimedia documents and illegally distribute them, thus violating the legal rights of document owners or web content providers. Such a situation is an actual threat particularly for web content providers, which often have neither the technical competence nor the economical advantage to directly implement effective security services to combat the unauthorized trading of their distributed multimedia documents. This paper shows how known and widespread web oriented technologies can be exploited to develop a simplified but flexible digital rights management web platform. In particular, XML based technologies are used to implement an "on buyer", adaptive watermarking procedure, while web services are used to implement a web platform by which web service providers can supply copyright protection services on behalf of web content providers in a secure network context. Thus, content providers that exploit the proposed platform can take advantage of a copyright protection system acting as a trusted third party without having to directly implement it. On the other hand, service providers can follow the proposed XML based approach to implement fully in the W3C XSLT language complex watermarking procedures without having to interface native codes with web services frameworks commonly used to develop web platforms.
Optimal Mechanism Design for a Sequencing Problem with Two-Dimensional Private Data

Authors are encouraged to submit new papers to INFORMS journals by means of a style file template, which includes the journal title. However, use of a template does not certify that the paper has been accepted for publication in the named journal. INFORMS journal templates are for the exclusive purpose of submitting to an INFORMS journal and should not be used to distribute the papers in print or online or to submit the papers to another publication.
A real-time intrusion detection algorithm for network security

E-government is an important issue which integrates existing local area networks into a global network that provide many services to the nation citizens. This network requires a strong security infrastructure to guarantee the confidentiality of national data and the availability of government services. In this paper, a framework for network intrusion detection systems is presented. Such framework utilizes data mining techniques and is customized for the E-Government Network (EGN). It consists of two phases: an offline phase in which the intrusion detection system learns the normal usage profiles for each local network domain, and a real time intrusion detection phase. In the real time phase, known attacks are detected at a global layer at the EGN perimeters while normal behavior is filtered out at a local layer defined for each LAN domain. Clustering is used to focus the analysis on the remaining suspicious activity and identify whether it represents new intrusive or normal behavior. This framework is intended to detect intrusions in real-time, achieve low false alarm rates, and continuously adapt to the environment changes and emergence of new behavior. This research is a development for the work presented in [22,23]. The main achievement of this paper is the fast attack detection algorithm. Such algorithm based on performing cross correlation in the frequency domain between data traffic and the input weights of fast time delay neural networks (FTDNNs). It is proved mathematically and practically that the number of computation steps required for the presented FTDNNs is less than that needed by conventional time delay neural networks (CTDNNs). Simulation results using MATLAB confirm the theoretical computations.
Architecture for an Arti cial Immune System

An arti cial immune system (ARTIS) is described which incorporates many properties of natural immune systems, including diversity, distributed computation, error tolerance, dynamic learning and adaptation and self-monitoring. ARTIS is a general framework for a distributed adaptive system and could, in principle, be applied to many domains. In this paper, ARTIS is applied to computer security, in the form of a network intrusion detection system called LISYS. LISYS is described and shown to be e ective at detecting intrusions, while maintaining low false positive rates. Finally, similarities and di erences between ARTIS and Holland's classi er systems are discussed.
Antiviral Strategies for Emerging Influenza Viruses in Remote Communities

Background Due to the lack of timely access to resources for critical care, strategic use of antiviral drugs is crucial for mitigating the impact of novel influenza viruses with pandemic potential in remote and isolated communities. We sought to evaluate the effect of antiviral treatment and prophylaxis of close contacts in a Canadian remote northern community. Methods We used an agent-based, discrete-time simulation model for disease spread in a remote community, which was developed as an in-silico population using population census data. Relative and cumulative age-specific attack rates, and the total number of infections in simulated model scenarios were obtained. Results We found that early initiation of antiviral treatment is more critical for lowering attack rates in a remote setting with a low population-average age compared to an urban population. Our results show that a significant reduction in the relative, age-specific attack rates due to increasing treatment coverage does not necessarily translate to a significant reduction in the overall arrack rate. When treatment coverage varies from low to moderate, targeted prophylaxis has a very limited impact in reducing attack rates and should be offered at a low level (below 10%) to avoid excessive waste of drugs. Conclusions In contrast to previous work, for conservative treatment coverages, our results do not provide any convincing evidence for the implementation of targeted prophylaxis. The findings suggest that public health strategies in remote communities should focus on the wider availability (higher coverage) and timely distribution of antiviral drugs for treatment of clinically ill individuals.
Evolving Communities of Recommenders: A Temporal Evaluation

Collaborative Filtering (CF) is the established algorithm that fuels the success of recommender systems. The assumption that these systems rely on is that like-minded users can successfully share the experiences they have had with the content provided; CF is thus a means of spreading information via similarity. There are many ways of measuring how similar two users are, and the predictive power of each method has traditionally been quantified by measuring the distance between predictions and the actual ratings provided by users. However, the data that is available to CF researchers is temporal in its nature; it grows as users respond to recommendations and rate items. The temporal nature of the data is highly influential in determining how accurate and useful any particular prediction will be in the actual deployment of a recommender system. In this work we perform a full evaluation of CF algorithms that includes time, by only considering the currently available information when making predictions. Unfortunately, traditional methods of measuring performance in this context are no longer informative. To overcome this, we introduce a classification of predictions based on confidence, and show that both the parameters used to tune CF and the methods used to measure user similarity will have a strong effect on the predictive confidence of the
Die Akzeptanz von Wolf, Luchs und «Stadtfuchs» - Ergebnisse einer gesamtschweizerisch-repräsentativen Umfrage

Acceptance of the wolf, lynx and urban fox: results of a representative survey in Switzerland Several areas in Switzerland are currently experiencing an increase in predator populations. An important prerequisite for supporting their public acceptance is a thorough understanding of the underlying reasons for acceptance or resistance. The aim of this project was to discover the reasons behind the attitudes prevailing in Switzerland. A representative written survey with standardised questionnaires was used. The results show that predators are well accepted by the majority of the Swiss public as a whole, with greater acceptance than in the past. However, there are considerable regional differences. Most objections to the presence of predators can be explained as arising from a subjectively perceived potential for predators to cause damage as well as from predator-related attitudes. It also became clear that other, more deep-seated reasons play an important role. In particular, respondents’ general attitudes towards nature and wilderness and their general value orientations appear to correlate with their attitudes to predators. Thus, if acceptance of predators is to be further improved, a long-term strategy aimed at encouraging more positive fundamental attitudes towards nature is likely to be most fruitful.
For Better and for Worse: Family and Friends' Responses to Chronic Liver Disease

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic and potentially fatal liver disease that primarily affects women in their middle years. Caregivers of people with PBC or other rare chronic ailments face a number of challenges; this study addresses responses to those challenges based on a survey and on messages posted to a listserv specifically for family members and friends of people who have PBC. Both revealed patterns related to life stage and gender. In general, husbands (many of them retired) reported readiness to accept changed circumstances and make behavioral adaptations, and they were unlikely to utilize online support opportunities. Female family members (many of them non-spouses) and friends were more likely to provide socio-emotional support and to use online support.
ACTION OF SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS ON THE METABOLISM OF BACTERIA

A study of the effects of synthetic detergents and wetting agents on respiration and glycolysis of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms has led to the following conclusions. 1. All the cationic detergents studied are very effective inhibitors of bacterial metabolism at 1:3000 concentration, and several are equally active at 1:30,000. Few of the anionic detergents inhibit as effectively as the cationic compounds. 2. Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms are equally sensitive to the action of the cationic detergents. On the other hand, all the anionic detergents included in our studies selectively inhibit the metabolism of Gram-positive microorganisms. 3. The inhibitory action of both types of detergents is influenced markedly by hydrogen ion concentration. Cationic detergents exhibit their maximum activity in the alkaline pH range, and the anionic, in the acid range. 4. Studies of homologous series of straight chain alkyl sulfates and sulfoacetates (C8 to C18) demonstrate that maximum inhibition is exerted by the 12, 14, and 16 carbon compounds (lauryl, myristyl, and cetyl). 5. It has been observed that three lauryl esters of amino acids are powerful inhibitors of bacterial metabolism. To our knowledge, the effects on bacterial metabolism of such cationic detergents (without the quaternary ammonium structure) have not been studied previously. Our results demonstrate that other cationic detergents can exhibit an inhibitory activity comparable to quaternary ammonium compounds. 6. Certain detergents stimulate bacterial metabolism at concentrations lower than the inhibiting values. This effect has been found more frequently among the anionic detergents.
Sentiment Shocks as Drivers of Business Cycles

This paper studies the role of sentiment shocks as a source of business cycle fluctuations. Considering a standard New Keynesian model of the business cycle, it introduces agents that update beliefs about the parameters of their forecasting models using newly observed data and exogenous sentiment shocks. The resulting learning model fits U.S. data better than its non-sentiment version and than its rational expectations counterpart. Sentiment is found to be an important driver of economic fluctuations, accounting for up to half of the forecast error variance of aggregate variables at business cycle frequencies. Furthermore, sentiment displays a common pattern for real GDP, investment and consumption growth, where a significant part of the sluggish recovery following a recession can be attributed to the persistent pessimistic views of agents. Sentiment also explains a substantial fraction of the high inflation experienced during the 70’s and early 80’s.
Silencing of GSTP1 gene by CpG island DNA hypermethylation in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinomas.

PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Glutathione S-transferases, enzymes that defend cells against damage mediated by oxidant and electrophilic carcinogens, may be critical determinants of cancer pathogenesis. In this report, we assess the role of epigenetic silencing of the GSTP1 gene, a gene encoding the pi-class glutathione S-transferase, in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). The cell lines Hep3B, HepG2, and a cohort of 43 HBV-associated HCC tissue specimens and corresponding nontumor tissues were subjected to analysis for GSTP1 epigenetic alteration and expression. GSTP1 "CpG" island DNA hypermethylation in the liver cell lines, and the tissue specimens were determined by methylation-specific PCR and correlated with expression of the gene using reverse-transcription PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GSTP1 CpG island DNA hypermethylation was detected in 28 of 43 (65.1%) HCC tissues and 4 of 40 (10%) corresponding nontumor tissues. GSTP1 protein was absent in those cases showing hypermethylation of the gene. Similarly, DNA from Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines displayed complete GSTP1 hypermethylation in the CpG island, and they failed to express GSTP1 mRNA and the corresponding protein product. Treatment of the cell lines with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-deoxycytidine reversed the hypermethylation, and restored GSTP1 mRNA and polypeptide expression. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that epigenetic silencing of GSTP1 gene expression by CpG island DNA hypermethylation is common in human HBV-associated HCC. In addition, somatic GSTP1 inactivation via CpG island hypermethylation may contribute to the pathogenesis of this malignancy.
B-type natriuretic peptide predicts long-term prognosis in a cohort of critically ill patients

B-type natriuretic peptide is an important prognostic marker in heart failure. However, there are limited data for its value in non-cardiac intensive care unit patients, namely regarding long-term prognosis. We investigated the long-term prognostic value of BNP in a cohort of critically ill patients. This was a prospective and observational study, conducted in a tertiary university hospital 20-bed intensive care unit. We included 103 mechanically-ventilated patients admitted for a non-cardiac primary diagnosis; B-type natriuretic peptide samples were obtained on admission. A mean 14 (3–30) month follow up was available in 96.1% of patients who were discharged from hospital. Mean age was 60.7±19.0 years and mean APACHE II score was 16.2±7.2. APACHE II score and renal dysfunction increased with rising B-type natriuretic peptide, with more than 60% of patients having B-type natriuretic peptide levels of 100 pg/mL or over; echocardiography-derived left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in patients with higher B-type natriuretic peptide (P < 0.001). Long-term survivors had lower median B-type natriuretic peptide values (117.5[2–1668] pg/mL) compared with intensive care unit non-survivors (191.0[5–4945] pg/mL), P<0.001. After adjustment to APACHE II score, B-type natriuretic peptide levels of 300 pg/mL or over were independently associated with long-term mortality (odds-ratio 4.1 [95% CI 1.45–11.5], P=0.008). We conclude that in an unselected cohort of intensive care unit patients, admission B-type natriuretic peptide is frequently elevated, even without clinically apparent acute heart disease, and is a strong independent predictor of long-term mortality.
CASE Tools: Constructivism and its Application to Learning and Usability of Software Engineering Tools

Software Engineering is a new discipline aimed at the improvement of the production of large, quality software systems. Interest in CASE tools has grown because of the important role they play in supporting the software development process. Studies show these complex and sophisticated tools have a positive impact on quality and productivity but they have been slow to be adopted by industry; this is partially explained by the difficulty of learning to use the tool.
Photometric Evolution of Dusty Starburst Mergers: On the Nature of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

By performing N-body simulations of chemodynamical evolution of galaxies with dusty starbursts, we investigate photometric evolution of gas-rich major mergers to explore the nature of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with the total infrared luminosity (LIR for 8-1000 μm) of ~1012 L☉. The main results are the following: (1) Global colors and absolute magnitudes during the dusty starburst of a major merger do not change with time significantly because interstellar dust heavily obscures young starburst populations that could cause rapid evolution of photometric properties of the merger. (2) Dust extinction of stellar populations in a galaxy merger with large infrared luminosity (LIR > 1011 L☉) is selective in the sense that younger stellar populations are preferentially obscured by dust more than old ones are. This is because younger populations are located in the central region where a larger amount of dusty interstellar gas can be transferred from the outer gas-rich regions of the merger. (3) Both LIR and the ratio of LIR to B-band luminosity (LB) increases as the star formation rate increases during the starburst of the present merger model, resulting in the positive correlation between LIR and LIR/LB. The dust temperature, Tdust, and the flux ratio of f60 μm/f100 μm also increase with the increase of the star formation rate because a larger number of young stars formed by massive starbursts can heat the dusty interstellar gas as the star formation becomes larger. (4) The star formation efficiency, total gas mass, the degree of dust extinction (AV), Tdust, LIR, LIR/LB, and f60 μm/f100 μm depend strongly on the separation of the two cores of the merger, which clearly reflects the fact that dynamical processes of galaxy merging play an important role in determining the photometric evolution of dusty starbursts in the merger. (5) The two-dimensional distribution of global colors (e.g., R-K) shows a negative color gradient during starburst, mainly because central young starburst populations are preferentially and very heavily obscured by dust. Furthermore, the peak of the two-dimensional distribution of f60 μm coincides with that of AV. These results clearly suggest that the spatial distribution of gas and stars is one important determinant of the two-dimensional photometric properties of major mergers. Our numerical results clearly demonstrate that dynamical processes of major galaxy merging, which can control the time evolution of the relative spatial distribution of dusty interstellar gas and young stars, play a vital role in determining photometric properties of ULIRGs.