Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multilevel analysis of sibling physical activity.

Typical studies of youth physical activity ignore the dependence among family members, examining only individual levels of data rather than individual and family levels. The current study examined physical activity among siblings (mean age = 12.2 years), using hierarchical linear modeling. Individual-and family-level covariates of physical activity were included in the model. Data from 930 siblings nested within 371 families were analyzed in a four-level multilevel design. Results indicated that siblings were similar in their levels of physical activity, and that levels of physical activity varied across families. At the individual level, age was a significant predictor of physical activity. At the family level, higher levels of family support were related to higher levels of sibling physical activity, as were single-parent status and higher income. Perceptions of neighborhood opportunities and observed neighborhood physical activity facilities were negatively related to family levels of physical activity.
Impaired glucose tolerance associated with adverse pregnancy outcome: a population-based study in southern Sweden.

OBJECTIVE We conducted a population-based study of maternal and neonatal characteristics and delivery complications in relation to the outcome of a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at 25 to 30 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN An oral glucose tolerance test was offered to pregnant women in a geographically defined population. Pregnancy outcome was analyzed according to the test result. RESULTS Among women delivered at Lund Hospital, we identified 4526 women with an oral glucose tolerance value of <7.8 mmol/L (<140 mg/dL), 131 women with a value of 7.8 to 8.9 mmol/L (140-162 mg/dL), and 116 women with gestational diabetes (> or =9.0 mmol/L [> or =162 mg/dL]). A further 28 cases of gestational diabetes were identified, giving a prevalence of 1.2%. An increased rate of cesarean delivery and infant macrosomia was observed in the group with a glucose tolerance value of 7.8 to 8.9 mmol/L (140-162 mg/dL) and in the gestational diabetes group. Advanced maternal age and high body mass index were risk factors for increased oral glucose tolerance values in 12,657 screened women in the area. CONCLUSION The study stresses the significance of moderately increased oral glucose tolerance values.
Identification of ground-state spin ordering in antiferromagnetic transition metal oxides using the Ising model and a genetic algorithm

Abstract We identify ground-state collinear spin ordering in various antiferromagnetic transition metal oxides by constructing the Ising model from first-principles results and applying a genetic algorithm to find its minimum energy state. The present method can correctly reproduce the ground state of well-known antiferromagnetic oxides such as NiO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3 and MnO2. Furthermore, we identify the ground-state spin ordering in more complicated materials such as Mn3O4 and CoCr2O4.
Trends in Health Insurance Coverage, 1989–1997

The authors analyze trends in health insurance coverage in the United States from 1989 through 1997, using cross-sectional surveys by the U.S. Census Bureau (Current Population Survey) of 160,000 persons representative of the non-institutionalized population. Between 1989 and 1997, the number of people without health insurance increased by 10.1 million to 43.4 million. From 1989 to 1993, the proportion covered by Medicaid increased by 3.6 percentage points while the proportion covered by private insurance declined by 4.2 percentage points. Since then, private coverage rates have stabilized and Medicaid coverage has decreased. Consequently, the number and percent uninsured continues to rise. Young adults age 18–39 had the largest increase in the proportion uninsured, and rates among children have also risen steeply since 1992. While blacks had the largest increase in the percent uninsured, Hispanics accounted for 35.6 percent of the increase in the number uninsured. Low-income families constituted over half of the increase in the number uninsured, but since 1993 the middle income group had the largest increase in the percent uninsured. Northeastern states had the largest increase in the percent uninsured. Thus, despite economic prosperity, the numbers and rates of the uninsured continue to rise. Principally affected are children and young adults, poor and middle-income families, blacks, and Hispanics.
Hypertension in the native rural population of Assam.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported an increasing prevalence of hypertension in India. However, there are few epidemiological data with regard to the occurrence of hypertension in the native population of Assam. METHODS Three thousand one hundred and eighty individuals (1441 men and 1739 women), > or =30 years of age and from 25 villages of 5 districts in Assam were selected by the stratified random sampling method. They were interviewed and their blood pressure measured along with other anthropometric variables. Hypertension was defined according to the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-VI). RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 33.3%. Among the patients with hypertension, 21.6% were aware of their illness. The determinants of hypertension were age, intake of extra salt in the diet, body mass index and waist-hip ratio (derived by multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination of non-significant factors). Multivariate analysis showed that females had a higher risk of hypertension than males. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension in the native population of Assam is high. Implementation of an effective awareness programme with lifestyle modifications is necessary to control the cardiovascular disease burden in this population.
Satan Talk in Corinth: The Rhetoric of Conflict

The purpose of this essay is to take seriously Paul's references to Satan in their contexts. This language has generally been appropriated by scholars who posit that merely by the mention of Satan Paul's cosmology is radically dualistic, despite the fact that these references to Satan are neither consistent with that portrait of Satan as the antithesis of God, nor do they appear in cosmological discourses. Furthermore, Paul rarely mentions Satan outside of the Corinthian correspondence, where, in each instance, the rhetoric is invoked in light of the disobedience or disloyalty of the community. Witchcraft language is similarly appropriated in various cultural situations, leading to the conclusion that Paul's Satan talk is a phenomenon arising out of social conflict over Paul's authority in Corinth, rather than a reflection of Paul's cosmology.
Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence : An illustration in a group decision-making context

Social influence in consensus formation was examined using a notion of sociocognitive network. Given the robustness of shared information in determining group decisions, the authors propose the concept of a sociocognitive network that captures the degree of members' knowledge-sharing prior to group interaction. A link connecting a given pair of members represents the amount of information that the pair shares before interaction. As in a regular social network, a member's status can be defined by the centrality in the network; the more information a member shares with others, the more cognitively central the member is in the group. The authors hypothesized that a cognitively central member would acquire pivotal power in a group and exert more influence on consensus than would peripheral members, independently of the member's preference majority or minority status. The results of two studies supported these predictions.
Asynchronous stochastic optimization for sequence training of deep neural networks: towards big data

Previous work presented a proof of concept for sequence training of deep neural networks (DNNs) using asynchronous stochastic optimization, mainly focusing on a small-scale task. The approach offers the potential to leverage both the efficiency of stochastic gradient descent and the scalability of parallel computation. This study presents results for four different voice search tasks to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework across different conditions: amount of data (from 60 hours to 20,000 hours), type of speech (read speech vs. spontaneous speech), quality of data (supervised vs. unsupervised data), and language. Significant gains over baselines (DNNs trained at the frame level) are found to hold across these conditions. The experimental results are analyzed, and additional practical details for the approach are provided. Furthermore, different sequence training criteria are compared.
Learners’ perceptions of being identified as very able: Insights from Modern Foreign Languages and Physical Education

While learners’ attitudes to Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) and to Physical Education (PE) in the UK have been widely investigated in previous research, an under-explored area is learners’ feelings about being highly able in these subjects. The present study explored this issue, among 78 learners (aged 12–13) from two schools in England, a Specialist Language College, and a Specialist Sports College. Learners completed a questionnaire exploring their feelings about the prospect of being identified as gifted/talented in these subjects, and their perceptions of the characteristics of highly able learners in MFL and PE. Questionnaires were chosen as the data collection method to encourage more open responses from these young learners than might have been elicited in an interview. While learners were enthusiastic about the idea of being highly able in both subjects, this enthusiasm was more muted for MFL. School specialism was related to learners’ enthusiasm only in the Sports College. Learners expressed fairly stereotypical views of the characteristics of the highly able in MFL and PE. The relevance of these findings for motivation and curriculum design within both subjects is discussed.
Differential Accounts of Race in Broadcast Commentary of the 2000 NCAA Men’s and Women’s Final Four Basketball Tournaments

A consistent finding in studies surrounding sports commentary on white and black athletes is that (a) white athletes are frequently praised for their perceived “intellect” and “leadership capacity,” while (b) black athletes are often praised for being “naturally talented” (Davis & Harris, 1998). A mediated conclusion that one could derive from such findings is that black athletes are expected to succeed athletically; conversely, white athletes are expected to have an innate ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable odds to accomplish their athletic stature. This study examined the broadcast commentary surrounding white and black athletes at the 2000 NCAA Men’s and Women’s Final Four College Basketball Tournaments. The content analysis of 1,118 descriptors embedded in commentator discourse revealed that, while black athletes continue to be praised for their athleticism and physicality, they also are receiving a greater number of comments about their intelligence and ability to lead.
Effectiveness of a multi-level asthma intervention in increasing controller medication use: a randomized control trial

Abstract Introduction: Poor self-management by families is an important factor in explaining high rates of asthma morbidity in Puerto Rico, and for this reason we previously tested a family intervention called CALMA that was found effective in improving most asthma outcomes, but not effective in increasing the use of controller medications. CALMA-plus was developed to address this issue by adding to CALMA, components of provider training and screening for asthma in clinics. Methods: Study participants were selected from claims Medicaid data in San Juan, Puerto Rico. After screening, 404 children in eight clinics were selected after forming pairs of clinics and randomizing the clinics) to CALMA-only or CALMA-plus. Results: For all three primary outcomes at 12 months, the mean differences between treatment arms were small but in the predicted direction. However, after adjusting for clinic variation, the study failed to demonstrate that the CALMA-plus intervention was more efficacious than the CALMA-only intervention for increasing controller medication use, or decreasing asthma symptoms. Both groups had lower rates of asthma symptoms and service utilization, consistent with previous results of the CALMA-only intervention. Conclusions: Compliance of providers with the intervention and training, small number of clinics available and the multiple barriers experienced by providers for medicating may have been related to the lack of difference observed between the groups. Future interventions should respond to the limitations of the present study design and provide more resources to providers that will increase provider participation in training and implementation of the intervention.
Umbilical cord blood levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in preterm prelabor rupture of membrane pregnancies complicated by the presence of histological chorioamnionitis

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio in the umbilical cord blood according to the presence of histological chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammatory response in pregnancies complicated by prelabor rupture of membranes at fewer than 34 gestational weeks. Methods: Seventy-two women with singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between gestational ages 24+0 and 33+6 weeks were included in the study. The sample of blood was obtained from the umbilical cord after delivery of the newborn. The umbilical cord blood cortisol and DHEA-S levels were evaluated using commercial immunoassay kits. A cortisol/DHEA-S ratio was calculated. Results: The presence of histological chorioamnionitis was not associated with higher median levels of cortisol (32.1 nmol/L vs. 33.0 nmol/L; p = 0.53), DHEA-S (2.6 μmol/L vs. 2.5 μmol/L; p = 0.83), or cortisol/DHEA-S ratio (19.5 vs. 18.7;p = 0.90). Higher median levels of DHEA-S (3.1 μmol/L vs. 2.3 μmol/L; p = 0.03) but not cortisol (91.0 nmol/L vs. 32.0 nmol/L; p = 0.06) or cortisol/DHEA-S ratio (24.5 vs. 18.7; p = 0.46) were observed when fetal inflammatory response was present. Conclusions: The presence of fetal inflammatory response but not the presence of histological chorioamnionitis per se was associated with increased DHEA-S levels in the umbilical cord blood.
The Schema Questionnaire - Short Form

Abstract. This research studied the factor structure of the Spanish version of the Schema Questionnaire - Short Form (SQ-SF; Young & Brown, 1994). The participants (407 undergraduate students) completed the SQ-SF together with the following scales to measure symptoms of affective disorders and automatic thoughts: the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised (ATQ-R), the Anxious Self-Statements Questionnaire (ASSQ), and the Self-Talk Inventory (STI). The confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized structure of 15 first-order factors for the SQ-SF. However, the results were mixed with regard to the hierarchical arrangement of schemas. On the other hand, the results revealed several clinically relevant associations among cognitive schemas, symptoms of affective disorders (depression, anxiety, and anger) and automatic thoughts (positive thoughts, depressive t.
A 40-Gb/s serial link transceiver in 28-nm CMOS technology

A SerDes operating at 40 Gb/s optimized for chip-to-chip communication is presented. Equalization consists of 2-tap feed-forward equalizers (FFE) in both transmitter and receiver, a 3-stage continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) and discrete-time equalizers including a 17-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a 3-tap sampled-FFE in the receiver. The SerDes is realized in 28-nm CMOS technology with 23.2 mW/Gb/s power efficiency at 40 Gb/s.
THE IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT ON LIVELIHOOD AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE CENTRAL KALAHARI SAN

The |Gui and ||Gana San were relocated in 1997 from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve by the Botswana government. This paper describes continuities and changes observed among the Central Kalahari San in their transition to post-foraging society under the resettlement program, which was done 20 years after their sedentarization. After initial allotment of fi xed residential plots, some San residents remain while others moved out of the resettlement site, forming small residential groups which are mirrored the spatial distribution pattern before the relocation. As different sites of dwellings formed, several livelihood strategies emerged. The members in and out of the resettlement site move frequently, and exchange goods and services. Such movements and exchanges have enabled utilization of both the welfare benefi ts within the settlement and natural resources from the bush. The complementary relationships between the San families in the two dwelling sites are based on the ties forged by camp co-membership before the relocation.
Restandardization of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory

Restandardized the ECBI using a current, demographically representative sample of 798 children and adolescents balanced for gender and age within groups from 2 to 16 years. Strong internal consistency coefficients were replicated in the total sample and demonstrated within gender, age, and race subgroups. No significant differences in scores were found between mother and father raters, but among the rated children, significant age by gender effects were obtained for scores on both the Intensity and Problems Scales of the ECBI. We were not able to replicate a recent report of multiple, interpretable factors on the Intensity Scale using four methods of factor analysis; we suggest that the total scale scores are the most appropriate indices of conduct disordered behavior. Significant differences between parent -identified behavior problem and non-behavior problem subgroups provided further support for the discriminant validity and treatment sensitivity of the ECBI. The normative data indicate the need to modify slightly the previously established cutoff scores for treatment selection to avoid over-inclusion errors. Recommended cutoff scores of 132 for the Intensity Scale and 15 for the Problem Scale require validation in additional known groups of clinical and non-clinical children and adolescents.
Stiffness control of the leg in perturbed gait and posture

This thesis investigates the adaptability of stiffness control in the leg during different conditions. Reflex stiffness was studied as occurs during the startle response (freezing). Unexpected auditory stimuli were presented in six phases of the step cycle during walking on a treadmill. EMG responses were observed in both flexors and extensors of the lower leg, often in coactivation. The amplitude of the reflex responses was dependent on the timing of the startle stimulus in the step cycle. The responses seem adapted to achieve extra stability dependent on the phase of the step cycle. However, even in the first trials, the changes in kinematics were small allowing a smooth progression of gait. The startle response was also studied in Parkinson patients. In these patients rigidity causes an increase in the intrinsic stiffness. Although the patients showed comparable latency, duration, and phase dependency, the habituaton rate was clearly decreased. This finding indicates that habituation of the startle response is a sensitive measure in these patients. Stiffness that is generated in anticipation to a resistance during a movement was studied with a new method using a trap door to induce ankle inversions during walking and jumping. During walking EMG activity in the lower leg showed the main response was observed after the end of the rotation of the trap door and was thereby too late to resist the induced stretch. Kinematic and EMG data of the whole body showed an avoidance of excessive stretch of the lateral structures of the lower leg by moving the body towards the side of the inversion, thereby decreasing the amount of ankle inversion. This was followed by a correcting response to maintain balance. To be able to study balance correcting response during quiet standing a new gravity-driven multidirectional platform was developed and tested
Fearful faces have a sensory advantage in the competition for awareness.

Only a subset of visual signals give rise to a conscious percept. Threat signals, such as fearful faces, are particularly salient to human vision. Research suggests that fearful faces are evaluated without awareness and preferentially promoted to conscious perception. This agrees with evolutionary theories that posit a dedicated pathway specialized in processing threat-relevant signals. We propose an alternative explanation for this "fear advantage. " Using psychophysical data from continuous flash suppression (CFS) and masking experiments, we demonstrate that awareness of facial expressions is predicted by effective contrast: the relationship between their Fourier spectrum and the contrast sensitivity function. Fearful faces have higher effective contrast than neutral expressions and this, not threat content, predicts their enhanced access to awareness. Importantly, our findings do not support the existence of a specialized mechanism that promotes threatening stimuli to awareness. Rather, our data suggest that evolutionary or learned adaptations have molded the fearful expression to exploit our general-purpose sensory mechanisms.
Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutics: Causes and Association with Posttranslational Modifications

Today, potential immunogenicity can be better evaluated during the drug development process, and we have rational approaches to manage the clinical consequences of immunogenicity. The focus of the scientific community should be on developing sensitive diagnostics that can predict immunogenicity-mediated adverse events in the small fraction of subjects that develop clinically relevant anti-drug antibodies. Here, we discuss the causes of immunogenicity which could be product-related (inherent property of the product or might be picked up during the manufacturing process), patient-related (genetic profile or eating habits), or linked to the route of administration. We describe various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and how they may influence immunogenicity. Over the last three decades, we have significantly improved our understanding about the types of PTMs of biotherapeutic proteins and their association with immunogenicity. It is also now clear that all PTMs do not lead to clinical immunogenicity. We also discuss the mechanisms of immunogenicity (which include T cell-dependent and T cell-independent responses) and immunological tolerance. We further elaborate on the management of immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical setting and the unique challenges raised by biosimilars, which may have different immunogenic potential from their parent biotherapeutics.