Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The metaphoric dance: co-construction of metaphor in cognitive behaviour therapy

Abstract Attention to client metaphors has been asserted as a way of enhancing cognitive behaviour therapy. Metaphors can be part of the shared language that is co-constructed between clients and therapists. Recent advances in cognitive linguistics have provided the most clearly operationalized method yet to identify metaphors in conversations, allowing analysis of how shared language develops. This study aims to explore how metaphoric shared language develops in early cognitive behaviour therapy sessions. Based on 12 transcripts of early cognitive behaviour therapy sessions, an iterative process led to the identification of a range of therapist and client responses to each other's metaphors, and identification of whether therapists or clients initiated metaphoric exchanges. Types of responses to therapist or client metaphors within three speaking turns were found to be: repetition, rephrasing, exploration, elaboration/extension, or agreement. Bursts of metaphoric exchange were initiated and taken up by therapists and clients at a similar rate. To conclude, therapists need to attend to the occurrence of metaphors and be aware of the range of potential responses that can engage the client in the ‘metaphoric dance’ (co-construction of shared metaphors). This has the potential to enhance engagement and outcomes though more salient reformulating of the problem for the client.
Protestant fundamentalism and marital success: a comparative approach

Earlier research [has] revealed that Fundamentalist Protestants have a higher marital dissolution rate than either non-Fundamentalist Protestants or Catholics. This study confirms this finding and addresses the question of why. Conversion is examined as a potentially important variable. Also of concern is the relationship between religious affiliation and marital satisfaction when spousal religious congruency is controlled.The thesis of this paper is that culture conflict lax boundary maintenance and lack of normative integration characterize many Fundamentalist groups and these conditions probably tend to counteract the positive influence of the conservative Fundamentalist ideology with regard to some marriage and family issues. Data are from eight social surveys conducted in the United States between 1972 and 1980. (EXCERPT)
The impact of social phobia on quality of life

Although social phobia is a prevalent mental disorder in the general population, it has only recently received clinical and public attention and very few and rather general data are currently available on the general and disease-specific impairments, disabilities, handicaps and economic burdens associated with social phobia. This report summarizes findings from a case-control study in which quality of life and other indices of impairment in 65 subjects with social phobia but without significant comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders (pure social phobia) were compared to those in a matched control group of 65 subjects with a history of herpes infection. On the basis of the standardized Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, core version 1.1), the subjects with social phobia had been chronically impaired clinically for more than two decades, with an average duration of 22.9 years and an onset predominantly in childhood or adolescence. As assessed by the Social Functioning (SF-36) questionnaire, these subjects had a significantly lower quality of life, particularly in the scales measuring vitality, general health, mental health, role limitations due to emotional health and social functioning. Standardized summed scores for mental health components of the SF-36 showed that 23.1% of all the subjects with social phobia were severely impaired and 24.6 % were significantly impaired compared to only 4.5 % of control subjects impaired. Work productivity in the week before the study day, assessed by the Work Productivity And Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, was significantly diminished in the subjects with social phobia, as indicated by (1) a threefold higher rate of unemployed cases, (2) a significantly elevated rate of mean work hours missed due to social phobia problems and (3) a significantly higher number of subjects reporting significant impairments in work performance. Slightly elevated rates of current (past 4 weeks) treatment by mental health specialists were found (9.2%) in the subjects with social phobia, and higher rates of lifetime psychotropic medication use (24.6%). Overall, these findings emphasize that social phobia is a chronic, impairing anxiety disorder, which results in considerable subjective suffering and has a long-term negative impact on work performance and social relationships. Current disabilities and impairments are usually less pronounced than in the past, presumably due to adaptive behaviors in the lifestyle of the respondents. Our data also suggest that social phobia is poorly recognized and treated by the health care and mental health system.
Changes in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores Over Time

This study explored the utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in the detection of cognitive change over time in a community sample (age ranging from 58 to 77 years). The MoCA was administered twice approximately 3.5 years apart (n = 139). Participants were classified as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitively intact at follow-up based on multidisciplinary consensus. We excluded 33 participants who endorsed cognitive complaints at baseline. The MCI group (n = 53) showed a significant decrease in MoCA scores (M = −1.83, p < .001, d = 0.64). When accounting for age and education, the MCI group showed a decline of 1.7 points, while cognitively intact participants remained stable. Using Reliable Change Indices established by cognitively intact group, 42% of MCI participants demonstrated a decline in MoCA scores. Results suggest that the MoCA can detect cognitive change in MCI over a 3.5-year period and preliminarily supports the utility of the MoCA as a repeatable brief cognitive screening measure.
Infection of human fetal dorsal root neurons with wild type varicella virus and the Oka strain varicella vaccine

The relative ability of a varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) clinical isolate and a live attenuated VZV vaccine strain (Oka) to infect human neurons was determined in vitro. VZV infection of neurons prepared in culture from dorsal root ganglia of fetuses was assessed using an infectious center assay. Cultures were infected with 50–5,000 pfu of either VZV and assayed at either 24 or 48 hours post‐VZV infection. Cultures infected with the clinical VZV isolate had seven‐fold more infected neurons than cultures infected with the vaccine strain VZV. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrin presence within aortic valves in patients with aortic stenosis: Association with in vivo thrombin generation and fibrin clot properties

Summary A role of coagulation in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the fibrin (Fn) presence and its determinants in calcified stenotic aortic valve leaflets. Twenty-one patients with dominant AS and 17 well-matched patients with dominant aortic insufficiency (AI) undergoing aortic valve replacement were studied. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed on decalcified leaflets using antibodies against human Fn and tissue factor (TF). Fn-positive (41.4%) and TF-positive (25.3%) areas were increased in AS valves compared with AI valves (7.9% and 5.9%, respectively, both p<0.001). Patients with AS had elevated plasma D-dimer (236.4 ± 28 ng/ml, p=0.002) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1.2) (261.7 ± 27.1 pM, p=0.005) compared to AI subjects (142.8 ± 10 ng/ml and 131.2 ± 1.3 pM, respectively). In AS patients Fn-positive areas correlated with TF-positive areas (r=0.68, p=0.0005), D-dimer (r=0.45, p=0.018), F1.2 (r=0.64, p=0.002), the time required for plasma fibrin clot formation (r=0.44, p=0.015) and maximum absorbance of fibrin clots (r=-0.38, p<0.0001), but not with clot permeability or lysis time. Thickness of Fn layer within AS valves was associated with maximum transvalvular gradient (r =0.41, p=0.048). Patients with maximal gradient above 75 mmHg (n=11) showed significant associations between Fn-positive area and both maximal (r =0.63) and mean (r =0.67) transvalvular gradients. Large fibrin amounts, mostly co-localised with TF, are present within the valve leaflets of patients with advanced AS. In vivothrombin generation and fibrin clot formation are associated with the extent of Fn presence within leaflets, which might contribute to the AS progression.
Political Facebook use: Campaign strategies used in 2008 and 2012 presidential elections

ABSTRACT Although there is increasing research about the influence of political use of social networking sites on audience members, few studies have examined the content in candidates’ pages on these sites. To fully comprehend the impact of these online political messages, an analysis of the messages themselves is fundamental. The present study uses theoretical concepts from functional theory, political advertising, emotional appeals, and social endorsement to conduct a content analysis of the official Facebook posts of U.S. presidential candidates in 2008 and 2012 elections. Results demonstrate that John McCain and Mitt Romney attacked more, while Barack Obama acclaimed more. The Republican candidates used higher percentage of fear appeals, while Barack Obama used humor and enthusiasm in his posts. Implications are discussed.
The activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rejected skin xenografts is selectively inhibited by a factor produced by grafted cells

Abstract: Background: Production of nitric oxide (NO) by graft infiltrating macrophages has been suggested as an important effector mechanism of allograft rejection. Expression of the gene for the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and the production of NO in rejected graft has been demonstrated in various models of allotransplantation. However, whether NO plays a role in rejection of skin xenografts has not been documented.
Hybrid intelligent systems: selecting attributes for soft-computing analysis

It is difficult to provide significant insight into any hybrid intelligent system design. We offer an informative account of the basic ideas underlying hybrid intelligent systems. We propose a balanced approach to constructing a hybrid intelligent system for a medical domain, along with arguments in favor of this balance and mechanisms for achieving a proper balance. This first of a series of contributions to hybrid intelligent systems design focuses on selecting attributes for soft-computing analysis. One part of this first contribution in our system is developed. Two definitions, probe and probe reducts, are introduced. Our CDispro algorithm can produce the core attribute and reducts that are essential condition attributes in data sets. Our initial study tests data from the UCI repository and geriatric data from DalMedix. The performance and utility of generated reducts are evaluated by 3-fold cross-validation that illustrates reduced dimensionality and complexity of data sets and processes.
Risk Aversion and Information Acquisition Across Real and Hypothetical Settings

Estimating risk attitudes about choices with large stakes remains problematic. Using hypothetical choices with large stakes is one possible solution to the dilemma, but there is some evidence to suggest that individuals tend to be more risk tolerant in hypothetical settings. We use a computer-based experimental design to observe how individuals acquire information about uncertain choices. Overall, our preliminary results suggest that individuals are not more tolerant of risk or less consistent in hypothetical settings. Additionally, they do not acquire information in hypothetical settings in a way that suggests they are putting less consideration into hypothetical choices than real choices.
Crack Pipe Sharing in Context: How Sociostructural Factors Shape Risk Practices among Noninjection Drug Users

With the increasing prevalence of crack use in Canada in the previous decade, crack pipe sharing has emerged as a public health concern, implicated in the transmission of blood- and saliva-borne infections. Drawing on qualitative research with crack users in Victoria, Canada, participants' narratives of sharing pipes demonstrate how risk practices are shaped by social, structural, and environmental factors. Three main themes emerged: sharing pipes with friends and partners; economic motivations for sharing pipes; and the rules and etiquette of crack pipe sharing. Based on these themes we demonstrate that despite conventional views of drug equipment sharing as “bad behavior,” in the lived experience of our participants sharing pipes is a rational and functional activity. Ramifications of these findings are considered in light of future public health programs featuring the dissemination of health information and distribution of safer crack pipe kits.
The examination of inter-rater reliability and the reliability of attachment measures

Nicole Bayles THE EXAMINATION OF INTER-RATER RELIABILITY AND THE RELIABILITY OF ATTACHMENT MEASURES 2011/12 Roberta Dihoff, Ph.D. Master of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measuring attachment through subjective measures, as well as the inter-rater reliability of those using the subjective measures. Participants were volunteers who had worked with the Division of Youth and Family Services (DYFS). They included social workers, lawyers, psychologists, etc. Participants were asked to answer questionnaires regarding the DYFS children they had worked with, as well as demographics about themselves. The questionnaires also included an alternative informed consent. The surveys were mailed to participants and included return envelopes to ensure ease of mailing them back. It was hypothesized that measuring attachment subjectively is not a reliable form of measure and that there is no significant inter-rater reliability. Results showed no reliability of subjective measurements of attachment and no inter-rater reliability, supporting the hypothesis. The study will be a stepping stone toward a standard of measure and reliability when assessing attachment.
Highly consistent patterns for inherited human diseases at the molecular level

Over 1600 mammalian genes are known to cause an inherited disorder, when subjected to one or more mutations. These disease genes represent a unique resource for the identification and quantification of relationships between phenotypic attributes of a disease and the molecular features of the associated disease genes, including their ascribed annotated functional classes and expression patterns. Such analyses can provide a more global perspective and a deeper understanding of the probable causes underlying human hereditary diseases. In this perspective and critical view of disease genomics, we present a comparative analysis of genes reported to cause inherited diseases in humans in terms of their causative effects on physiology, their genetics and inheritance modes, the functional processes they are involved in and their expression profiles across a wide spectrum of tissues. Our analysis reveals that there are more extensive correlations between these attributes of genetic disease genes than previously appreciated. For instance, the functional pattern of genes causing dominant and recessive diseases is markedly different. Also, the function of the genes and their expression correlate with the type of disease they cause when mutated. The results further indicate that a comparative genomics approach for the analysis of genes linked to human genetic diseases will facilitate the elucidation of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.
Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are generally thought to lack empathy. However, according to recent empirical and self-advocacy studies, individuals with ASD identify with others with ASD. Based on mutual understanding, individuals with ASD respond empathically to others with these disorders. Results have shown that typically developing (TD) adults identify with TD fictional characters, and that such identification plays a critical role in social cognition. TD individuals retrieve episodes involving TD individuals faster than they retrieve episodes involving ASD individuals. Individuals with ASD also show a “similarity effect” whereby they retrieve stories involving ASD individuals more effectively when the stories have consistent outcomes than when they have inconsistent outcomes. In this context, I hypothesized that similarities between a perceiver and a target facilitate cognitive processing. This hypothesis was named the “similarity hypothesis”. Perceivers empathize with targets similar to themselves, which facilitates subsequent cognitive processing. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies are reviewed based on the similarity hypothesis.
Biasing in the Galaxy Distribution

We investigate the variation of galaxy clustering with luminosity using the recently completed SSRS2 sample. Clustering measurements based on the two-point correlation function and the variance of counts in cells reveal a strong dependence of clustering on luminosity for galaxies brighter than L*, while no significant variation is detected for fainter galaxies. We derive a relative bias versus magnitude relation that can be compared with theoretical predictions. Existing models of galaxy formation cannot reproduce adequately the simultaneous steep rise of biasing at high luminosities and the plateau at the low-luminosity end. Improved modeling of halo-galaxy relation and larger samples including low-luminosity galaxies are required to draw more definitive conclusions.
Ice cream.

■ Ice Cream is made by stirring, while freezing, a pasteurized mix of one or more dairy ingredients— milk, concentrated fat-free milk, cream, condensed milk— sweetening agents, flavorings, stabilizers, emulsifiers and optional egg or egg yolk solids or other ingredients. Federal standards require ice cream to contain a minimum of 10% milk fat (about 7 grams (g) of fat per 1/2 cup serving) and 20% total milk solids by weight. Some premium ice creams contain 16% milk fat. Added flavoring must be identified on the label as naturally flavored (i.e., raspberry ice cream) or artificially flavored (i.e., raspberry-flavored ice cream or artificially flavored raspberry ice cream).
Do Loafers Shirk? The Relation between Team Performance and Individual Effort

In social psychology, poor performance of individuals in teams is usually classified under the heading of ‘social loafing. ’ In economics and administrative sciences, the concepts of ‘shirking’ and ‘free riding’ are used to denote poor performance by individuals working in collectivities. Research in all these disciplines tends to stress the propensity of team members to withhold effort. The present article describes how psychology and economics explain the – presumed – withholding of effort by individuals in teams, and discusses the remedies that are suggested. It is argued that the ongoing integration of the two disciplinary lines of reasoning unfortunate, and that a return of social psychology to the position of recognising teamwork as a social activity will be beneficial for both workers and managers.
Common genotypes of hepatitis B virus.

OBJECTIVE To find out the frequency of common genotypes of hepatitis-B virus (HBV). DESIGN An analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The present study was carried out at Division of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Diagnostics, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan from May 2002 to February 2004. SUBJECTS AND METHODS HBV genotypes were determined in 112 HBV DNA positive sera by a simple and precise molecular genotyping system based on PCR using type-specific primers for the determination of genotypes of HBV A through H. RESULTS Four genotypes (A, B, C and D) out of total eight reported genotypes so far were identified. Genotypes A, B and C were predominant. HBV genotype C was the most predominant in this collection, appearing in 46 samples (41.07%). However, the genotypes of a total of 5 (4.46%) samples could not be determined with the present genotyping system. Mixed genotypes were seen in 8 (7.14%) HBV isolates. Five of these were infected with genotypes A/D whereas two were with genotypes C/D. One patient was infected with 4 genotypes (A/B/C/D). Genotype A (68%) was predominant in Sindh; genotype C was most predominant in North West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.) (68.96) whereas genotypes C and B were dominant in Punjab (39.65% and 25.86% respectively). CONCLUSION All the four common genotypes of HBV found worldwide (A, B, C and D) were isolated. Genotype C is the predominant. Genotypes B and C are predominant in Punjab and N.W. F.P whereas genotype A is predominant in Sindh.
PI3K Pathway Activation in High-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ—Implications for Progression to Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway alterations in pure high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and DCIS associated with invasive breast cancer (IBC), and to determine whether DCIS and adjacent IBCs harbor distinct PI3K pathway aberrations. Experimental Design: Eighty-nine cases of pure high-grade DCIS and 119 cases of high-grade DCIS associated with IBC were characterized according to estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 status, subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of PTEN, INPP4B, phosphorylated (p)AKT and pS6 expression, and to microdissection followed by Sequenom genotyping of PIK3CA and AKT1 hotspot mutations. Results: Alterations affecting the PI3K pathway were found in a subset of pure DCIS and DCIS adjacent to IBC. A subtype-matched comparison of pure DCIS and DCIS adjacent to IBC revealed that PIK3CA hotspot mutations and pAKT expression were significantly more prevalent in ER-positive/HER2-negative DCIS adjacent to IBC (P values, 0.005 and 0.043, respectively), and that in ER-negative/HER2-positive cases INPP4B loss of expression was more frequently observed in pure DCIS (a P value of 0.013). No differences in the parameters analyzed were observed in a pairwise comparison of the in situ and invasive components of cases of DCIS and adjacent IBC. Analysis of the PIK3CA-mutant allelic frequencies in DCIS and synchronous IBC revealed cases in which PIK3CA mutations were either restricted to the DCIS or to the invasive components. Conclusion: Molecular aberrations affecting the PI3K pathway may play a role in the progression from high-grade DCIS to IBC in a subset of cases (e.g., a subgroup of ER-positive/HER2-negative lesions). Clin Cancer Res; 20(9); 2326–37. ©2014 AACR.