Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IFN‐γ‐independent intraocular tumor rejection is mediated by a macrophage‐dependent process that leaves the eye intact

Intraocular tumors reside in an immune‐privileged site, yet in certain circumstances, they can undergo immune rejection. Ocular tumor rejection can follow one of two pathways. One pathway is CD4+ T cell‐dependent and culminates in ischemic necrosis of the tumor and phthisis (atrophy) of the eye. A second pathway is also CD4+ T cell‐dependent but does not inflict collateral injury to ocular tissues, and the eye is preserved. We isolated two clones of a murine tumor, Ad5E1 that undergo profoundly different forms of immune rejection in the eye. Clone 2.1 tumors undergo an ischemic necrotizing form of rejection that requires IFN‐γ, T cells, and ocular macrophages and culminates in destruction of the eye. By contrast, the second clone of Ad5E1, clone 4, undergoes rejection that also requires T cells and ocular macrophages, but leaves the eye in pristine condition (nonphthisical rejection). Here, we demonstrate that nonphthisical tumor rejection of clone 4 tumors is IFN‐γ‐independent but requires an ocular macrophage population that contains M1 and M2 macrophages. Clone 4 tumor‐bearing eyes displayed ten‐ and 15‐fold increases in M2‐ and M1‐associated markers Arg1 and NO2, respectively. This is in sharp contrast to previous results with clone 2.1 tumor rejection, in which M2 markers were undetectable, and the eye was destroyed. These results suggest that the presence of M2 macrophages tempers the immune rejection of intraocular tumors and promotes immune effectors that inflict minimal injury to innocent bystander cells and thereby preserve the integrity and function of the eye.
Random Yield Prediction Based on a Stochastic Layout Sensitivity Model

Yield loss caused by random defects is an important manufacturability concern. Random yield of modern integrated circuits is associated with layout sensitivity to defects defined as the ratio of critical area to the overall layout area. This paper proposes a methodology to predict random yield with high fidelity based on a stochastic layout sensitivity model that uses very basic layout information. The model has very important applications including pre-layout yield prediction and yield forecasting for future process technologies.
A CLASSIFYING PROCEDURE FOR SIGNALING TURNING POINTS

A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to classify an out of sample observation vector into either of two regimes. This leads to a procedure for making probability forecasts for changes of regimes in a time series, i.e. for turning points. Instead of maximizing a likelihood, the model is estimated with respect to known past regimes. This makes it possible to perform feature extraction and estimation for different forecasting horizons. The inference aspect is emphasized by including a penalty for a wrong decision in the cost function. The method is tested by forecasting turning points in the Swedish and US economies, using leading data. Clear and early turning point signals are obtained, contrasting favourable with earlier HMM studies. Some theoretical arguments for this are given.
A Glimpse of the genomic diversity of haloarchaeal tailed viruses

Tailed viruses are the most common isolates infecting prokaryotic hosts residing in hypersaline environments. Archaeal tailed viruses represent only a small portion of all characterized tailed viruses of prokaryotes. But even this small dataset revealed that archaeal tailed viruses have many similarities to their counterparts infecting bacteria, the bacteriophages. Shared functional homologs and similar genome organizations suggested that all microbial tailed viruses have common virion architectural and assembly principles. Recent structural studies have provided evidence justifying this thereby grouping archaeal and bacterial tailed viruses into a single lineage. Currently there are 17 haloarchaeal tailed viruses with entirely sequenced genomes. Nine viruses have at least one close relative among the 17 viruses and, according to the similarities, can be divided into three groups. Two other viruses share some homologs and therefore are distantly related, whereas the rest of the viruses are rather divergent (or singletons). Comparative genomics analysis of these viruses offers a glimpse into the genetic diversity and structure of haloarchaeal tailed virus communities.
The effect of landscape colour, complexity and preference on viewing behaviour

ABSTRACT What we comprehend and recollect in a landscape is closely related to how we look; therefore, attention to and understanding of human viewing behaviour is required. In our study, we employed eye-tracking technology as a means to understand visual perception. The objective of this study is to examine the relationships among landscape characteristics, landscape preference and viewing behaviour. A total of 45 subjects were asked to view 20 sets of photographs freely in a two-by-two display. Same landscape types were grouped together. The results indicated that higher hue variation and chroma encourages visual fixation. A strong relationship was identified between landscape preference and fixation count in mountain, aquatic and forest landscapes. People tend to have different preferences and different viewing behaviour while viewing different landscape types. It is concluded that magenta-green variation, yellow-blue colour field, and hue variation is an important factor in mountain, aquatic, and open landscapes, respectively.
Fine Text Categorization: Using Very Aggressive Feature Selection to Cope with Mass Duplicated Features

Text categorization is a key issue of text mining. Although there are many studies on this problem, the majority of them are focused on classification of rough categories. In this kind of problem, there are obviously different features that can differentiate one category from others. Only very few researches concerned fine text categorization (FTC) problem which is characterized by many duplicated features across different categories. In this paper, we firstly pointed out that traditional feature selection levels canpsilat be directly used to cope with this problem. In order to improve performance, we performed very aggressive feature selection (VAFS) by firstly removing the common features arbitrarily, and then selecting features with modified CHI-square statistic in a very aggressive manner. At last, Only very few features are used to learnt the underlying concepts of categories. Experimental results shows that VAFS improves performance notabely and rule based algorithms are more suitable than vector based algorithms.
Biologically plausible learning in recurrent neural networks reproduces neural dynamics observed during cognitive tasks

Neural activity during cognitive tasks exhibits complex dynamics that flexibly encode task-relevant variables. Chaotic recurrent networks, which spontaneously generate rich dynamics, have been proposed as a model of cortical computation during cognitive tasks. However, existing methods for training these networks are either biologically implausible, and/or require a continuous, real-time error signal to guide learning. Here we show that a biologically plausible learning rule can train such recurrent networks, guided solely by delayed, phasic rewards at the end of each trial. Networks endowed with this learning rule can successfully learn nontrivial tasks requiring flexible (context-dependent) associations, memory maintenance, nonlinear mixed selectivities, and coordination among multiple outputs. The resulting networks replicate complex dynamics previously observed in animal cortex, such as dynamic encoding of task features and selective integration of sensory inputs. We conclude that recurrent neural networks offer a plausible model of cortical dynamics during both learning and performance of flexible behavior.
Embodied Simulation and Touch: the Sense of Touch in Social Cognition

This paper explores the sense of touch in relation to social cognition offering a new take on multisensory integration in the brain, within the framework of Embodied simulation (ES) theory. ES provides a new empirically based notion of intersubjectivity, viewed first and foremost as intercorporeality. In relation to touch, by means of ES we do not just “see” a sensation experienced by someone else and then understand it through an inference by analogy. By means of ES we can map others’ sensations by re-using our own motor, somatosensory and viscero-motor representations. ES provides an original and unitary account of basic aspects of intersubjectivity, demonstrating how deeply our making sense of others’ living and acting bodies is rooted in the power of re-using our own motor, somatosensory and viscero-motor resources.
Control of steering-by-wire system using bilateral control scheme with passivity approach

Steer-by-wire system, in which the conventional mechanical linkages between the steering wheel and the front wheel are removed, is suited to active steering control, improving vehicle stability, dynamics and maneuverability, and besides, is applied to autonomous steering control to assist the driver. Conventional controller for SBW system is designed by general feedback control method. However, driver can not exactly feel reaction torque generated from tire. In this paper, the goals are considered as following two points. One is a reproduction of environmental impedance in steering wheel. The other is improved maneuverability for SBW system. Moreover, control stability must be satisfied. This paper, first, review general bilateral control scheme using disturbance observer. Secondly, this paper proposes a novel bilateral control scheme with passive approach. We also study performance of the proposed control scheme and compare with general bilateral control scheme. The effectiveness of this research is demonstrated by experiment with electronic vehicle.
Using TTCN-3 as a modeling language for web penetration testing

Penetration testing is widely used for vulnerability assessment of web applications. Usually, it is performed by specialized security experts after development is completed and the application deployed into production, but recent research has proposed a model based penetration test framework for web applications which provides a repeatable, systematic and cost-efficient approach fully integrated into a security-oriented software development life cycle. In this context, we evaluate the test specification language TTCN-3 as a modeling language for web penetration testing and show how its inherent abstraction features make the process of generating web penetration test campaigns easier. In particular, we demonstrate the advantages of combining separate models for the relevant web vulnerabilities and web application functionalities, with a generic web abstraction model and a TTCN-3 test framework model.
Cosmology with the shear-peak statistics

Weak-lensing searches for galaxy clusters are plagued by low completeness and purity, severely limiting their usefulness for constraining cosmological parameters with the cluster mass function. A significant fraction of ‘false positives’ are due to projection of large-scale structure and as such carry information about the matter distribution. We demonstrate that by constructing a “peak function”, in analogy to the cluster mass function, cosmological parameters can be constrained. To this end we carried out a large number of cosmological N-body simulations in the m-σ8 plane to study the variation of this peak function. We demonstrate that the peak statistics is able to provide constraints competitive with those obtained from cosmic-shear tomography from the same data set. By taking the full cross-covariance between the peak statistics and cosmic shear into account, we show that the combination of both methods leads to tighter constraints than either method alone can provide.
MRI demyelination pattern and clinical course in a child with cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD)

The clinical spectrum in boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) ranges from isolated adrenocortical insufficiency and slowly progressive myelopathy to devastating cerebral demyelination. In the individual case, the disease course still remains unpredictable. Research findings suggest an important role of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion patterns as prognostic markers for X-ALD. Hence, familiarity with imaging features of childhood X-ALD in combination with clinical manifestation is required in order to stratify affected patients for therapy. We report on MRI findings and clinical course of cerebral X-ALD in a young boy with a rare subtype of white matter demyelination.
Higher-order plate theory based finite element analysis of the frequency-temperature relations of quartz crystal resonators

The frequency-temperature characteristics of quartz crystal resonators, particularly the frequency stability in a specific temperature range in which the vibration modes could be strongly coupled, has been an important requirement in most applications. The analytical work on the frequency-temperature relations has been done over last decades in many aspects, ranging from fundamental theory of the thermal effect to the simplified plate equations of a few strongly coupled vibration modes. However, it has been clearly observed that due to the complication of resonator structures, such as the presence of mounting structure and asymmetric electrodes, simple and analytical solutions will not be able to consider all the factors which will have inevitable and noticeable effects on the resonators. In this paper, we incorporate the frequency-temperature theory for crystal plates based on incremental thermal field theory by Lee and Yong (1986) into our finite element analysis program, which can analyze the free vibrations of crystal plates with higher-order plate theory. The effect of the electrodes on the frequency-temperature relations is also studied in detail. The computational results are pared with experimental ones from real products. Satisfactory agreement demonstrates the precise prediction of the frequency-temperature behavior and practical applications of the current finite element analysis in product modeling and development.
The impact of employee perceptions of training on organizational commitment and turnover intentions: a study of multinationals in the Chinese service sector

This study examines the impact of employee perceptions of training on organizational commitment, and the latter's relationship with turnover intentions. Structured equation modelling is conducted on survey data from 437 Chinese employees of five multinational enterprises operating in the Chinese service sector. The results of the survey are consistent with social exchange theory. They highlight the importance of training as a tool to enhance the affective organizational commitment of employees, and reduce turnover. The findings differ from that of previous studies in non-Chinese settings. No evidence was found to indicate that motivation to learn and the perceived benefits of training impact on the organizational commitment of employees. This may be explained by three factors: the involuntary nature of employee training, the limited career development opportunities on offer to local employees of multinational enterprises and the difficulty employees face in applying learnt skills given cultural differences. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
Food-cue affected motor response inhibition and self-reported dieting success: a pictorial affective shifting task

Behavioral inhibition is one of the basic facets of executive functioning and is closely related to self-regulation. Impulsive reactions, that is, low inhibitory control, have been associated with higher body mass index (BMI), binge eating, and other problem behaviors (e.g., substance abuse, pathological gambling, etc.). Nevertheless, studies which investigated the direct influence of food-cues on behavioral inhibition have been fairly inconsistent. In the current studies, we investigated food-cue affected behavioral inhibition in young women. For this purpose, we used a go/no-go task with pictorial food and neutral stimuli in which stimulus-response mapping is reversed after every other block (affective shifting task). In study 1, hungry participants showed faster reaction times to and omitted fewer food than neutral targets. Low dieting success and higher BMI were associated with behavioral disinhibition in food relative to neutral blocks. In study 2, both hungry and satiated individuals were investigated. Satiation did not influence overall task performance, but modulated associations of task performance with dieting success and self-reported impulsivity. When satiated, increased food craving during the task was associated with low dieting success, possibly indicating a preload-disinhibition effect following food intake. Food-cues elicited automatic action and approach tendencies regardless of dieting success, self-reported impulsivity, or current hunger levels. Yet, associations between dieting success, impulsivity, and behavioral food-cue responses were modulated by hunger and satiation. Future research investigating clinical samples and including other salient non-food stimuli as control category is warranted.
Understanding the mechanisms that link alcohol and lower risk of coronary heart disease.

For more than 75 years, pathologists have recognized that alcohol consumption has a surprising link to atherosclerosis (1). In those early studies, postmortem examinations of deceased heavy drinkers identified less atherosclerosis than was expected from age and sex, suggesting that alcohol consumption is atheroprotective. In the ensuing 8 decades, investigators have made substantial strides in understanding this relationship, including confirmation of the strength and shape of the association of alcohol consumption with lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD),2 its consistency across beverage types and in different populations, and its associations with various forms of cardiovascular disease. One of the most important aspects of the alcohol–CHD relationship that continues to draw interest is its underlying mechanism. There are a number of reasons for this interest. First, because no long-term randomized trial of alcohol consumption on CHD incidence or prognosis is likely anytime in the near future, the evidence base will continue to be largely observational, with all of the attendant limitations therein. Consequently, the presence of a plausible mechanism provides reassurance that the observed association is not the result of confounding by such factors as baseline health or socioeconomic status. Second, given the many difficulties with recommending alcohol intake, even in moderation, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved could lead to safer therapies that harness these same pathways to prevent CHD. Finally, because the relationships of alcohol consumption with candidate pathways can be readily tested in randomized trials, even when its relationship with CHD cannot, identification of key pathways helps to direct trialists to the best biomarkers and intermediate outcomes to test in short-term feeding studies. For all of these reasons, studies attempting to draw the full links between alcohol consumption, CHD, and the pathways that connect them remain important. Epidemiologists have taken 2 approaches to this challenge. …
Hermitian K-theory of totally real 2-regular number fields

We completely determine the 2-primary torsion subgroups of the hermitian K-groups of rings of 2-integers in totally real 2-regular number fields. The result is almost periodic with period 8. We also identify the homotopy fibers of the forgetful and hyperbolic maps relating hermitian and algebraic K-theory. The result is then exactly periodic of period 8. In both the orthogonal and symplectic cases, we prove the 2-primary hermitian Quillen-Lichtenbaum conjecture.
The quasi‐biennial oscillation

The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) dominates the variability of the equatorial stratosphere (∼16–50 km) and is easily seen as downward propagating easterly and westerly wind regimes, with a variable period averaging approximately 28 months. From a fluid dynamical perspective, the QBO is a fascinating example of a coherent, oscillating mean flow that is driven by propagating waves with periods unrelated to that of the resulting oscillation. Although the QBO is a tropical phenomenon, it affects the stratospheric flow from pole to pole by modulating the effects of extratropical waves. Indeed, study of the QBO is inseparable from the study of atmospheric wave motions that drive it and are modulated by it. The QBO affects variability in the mesosphere near 85 km by selectively filtering waves that propagate upward through the equatorial stratosphere, and may also affect the strength of Atlantic hurricanes. The effects of the QBO are not confined to atmospheric dynamics. Chemical constituents, such as ozone, water vapor, and methane, are affected by circulation changes induced by the QBO. There are also substantial QBO signals in many of the shorter‐lived chemical constituents. Through modulation of extratropical wave propagation, the QBO has an effect on the breakdown of the wintertime stratospheric polar vortices and the severity of high‐latitude ozone depletion. The polar vortex in the stratosphere affects surface weather patterns, providing a mechanism for the QBO to have an effect at the Earth's surface. As more data sources (e.g., wind and temperature measurements from both ground‐based systems and satellites) become available, the effects of the QBO can be more precisely assessed. This review covers the current state of knowledge of the tropical QBO, its extratropical dynamical effects, chemical constituent transport, and effects of the QBO in the troposphere (∼0–16 km) and mesosphere (∼50–100 km). It is intended to provide a broad overview of the QBO and its effects to researchers outside the field, as well as a source of information and references for specialists. The history of research on the QBO is discussed only briefly, and the reader is referred to several historical review papers. The basic theory of the QBO is summarized, and tutorial references are provided.
Efficacy of a Computer-Assisted Instruction Program in a Prison Setting: An Experimental Study

The efficacy of using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) with inmates participating in a prison education program was examined through an experimental study. The researchers sought to address and correct many of the methodological flaws commonly present among studies that compare a CAI-plus-traditional-instruction combination to traditional-instruction alone. Seventy-one inmates were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that received a CAI-plus-traditional-instruction combination, or a control group that received traditional instruction only. Achievement scores of inmates in the experimental group were not significantly higher than those in the control group.