Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Leader Motivating Language and Self-Efficacy

Leadership language and its effects on employee affect and outcomes have experienced significant advances in research progress and practice in recent years. Communication researchers have explored and developed persuasive/framing models for practice to bridge the gap between leader intent and employee outcomes through verbal communication with the prospect of enhancing employee motivation. This article takes a unique approach to these questions by using a different communication model to clarify the nature and processes of the relationships between motivating language theory and its effects on employee self-efficacy and performance. Consequently, this study examines the role of motivating language theory leader language, with a primarily female group of 151 health care professionals, as an enhancement of employee self-efficacy. The methodology is a partial least squares model that explores the strength and direction of leader motivating language with self-efficacy and performance. All the relationships were supported as positive and significant. The partial least squares coefficients indicate that employee self-efficacy is 34% higher with increased levels of leader motivating language. The same data analysis reveals that employee performance grows by 20% with higher motivating language speech, and that employees with higher levels of self-efficacy will perform 10% better than in those cases when self-efficacy is lessened. Finally, future recommendations are presented to nourish these relationships through research—including greater generalizability, and for practice through training and development design.
Paid malpractice claims for adverse events in inpatient and outpatient settings.

CONTEXT An analysis of paid malpractice claims may provide insight into the prevalence and seriousness of adverse medical events in the outpatient setting. OBJECTIVE To report and compare the number, magnitude, and type of paid malpractice claims for events in inpatient and outpatient settings. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis of malpractice claims paid on behalf of physicians in outpatient and inpatient settings using data from the National Practitioner Data Bank from 2005 through 2009. We evaluated trends in claims paid by setting, characteristics of paid claims, and factors associated with payment amount. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of paid claims, mean and median payment amounts, types of errors, and outcomes of errors. RESULTS In 2009, there were 10,739 malpractice claims paid on behalf of physicians. Of these paid claims, 4910 (47.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 46.6%-48.5%) were for events in the inpatient setting, 4448 (43.1%; 95% CI, 42.1%-44.0%) were for events in the outpatient setting, and 966 (9.4%; 95% CI, 8.8%-9.9%) involved events in both settings. The proportion of payments for events in the outpatient setting increased by a small but statistically significant amount, from 41.7% (95% CI, 40.9%-42.6%) in 2005 to 43.1% (95% CI, 42.1%-44.0%) in 2009 (P < .001 for trend across years). In the outpatient setting, the most common reason for a paid claim was diagnostic (45.9%; 95% CI, 44.4%-47.4%), whereas in the inpatient setting the most common reason was surgical (34.1%; 95% CI, 32.8%-35.4%). Major injury and death were the 2 most common outcomes in both settings. Mean payment amount for events in the inpatient setting was significantly higher than in the outpatient setting ($362,965; 95% CI, $348,192-$377,738 vs $290,111; 95% CI, $278,289-$301,934; P < .001). CONCLUSION In 2009, the number of paid malpractice claims reported to the National Practitioner Data Bank for events in the outpatient setting was similar to the number in the inpatient setting.
Personality and positive emotions

This paper is intended to appeal to personality psychologists and direct their attention towards the broad topic of ‘positive emotions’, an area that, in spite of its relevance, has been scarcely developed in recent literature. Some of the reasons for the imbalance between the study of negative emotions and the lack of interest in positive ones are presented, and the types of positive affect that have been studied are briefly reviewed. After mentioning five reasons why personality psychologists should seriously consider the study of positive emotions, the paper focuses on both the causes and the consequences which positive affect has on several psychological processes. Since affect has been explicitly included in factorial models, the description and some of the explanations for individual differences in average levels of mood are presented. Links between affect and personality are examined through top‐down, bottom‐up, and interactive models. Finally, while considerations about the adaptive functions of emotions have made authors predict a generally negative quality of life for most people (Frijda, 1988), many data show that feelings of well‐being are prevalent. A final discussion includes a reference to Taylor's argument (Taylor, 1989; Taylor and Brown, 1988) which asserts that positive ‘illusions’ are related to mental health. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sputum examination for early detection of lung cancer

Conventional sputum cytology can be used for the detection of lung cancer, but has shown a low yield in prospective screening trials. This review focuses on the technical aspects relevant to the outcome of DNA and image analysis in sputum. Published articles are discussed in the light of the technical background. Recent developments in DNA analysis and nuclear image analysis show a clear potential to improve or refine diagnosis beyond that achieved with conventional sputum cytology examination. The challenge for future studies in DNA and nuclear analysis of sputum is to ensure high levels of quality control and to confirm these initial encouraging results.
On the Resolution of Role Incompatibility: A Life Event History Analysis of Family Roles and Marijuana Use

Event history analyses are applied to life and drung histories to specify the casual sequences that underlie the associations between marijuana use and family roles observed in cross-sectional data: inverse relationships with marriage and being a parent; positive relationships with separation/divorce. Role selection and role socialization account for these relationships, and both processes contribute to the resolution of potential incompatibilities between family roles and marijuana use. Role selection effects of marijuana use are reflected in postponement of marriage and parenthood and increased risk of marital dissolution. Socialization effects of family roles on marijuana use are reflected in the reduced risk of marijuana initiation after marriage among women and the increased rate of stopping marijuana use after marriage among women and after parenthood among men. Anticipatory socialization is reflected in an increased propensity to stop marijuana use before marriage among men and women and before parenthood among women.
An Explanatory Model of Academic Achievement based on Aptitudes, Goal Orientations, Self-Concept and Learning Strategies

As a result of studies examining factors involved in the learning process, various structural models have been developed to explain the direct and indirect effects that occur between the variables in these models. The objective was to evaluate a structural model of cognitive and motivational variables predicting academic achievement, including general intelligence, academic self-concept, goal orientations, effort and learning strategies. The sample comprised of 341 Spanish students in the first year of compulsory secondary education. Different tests and questionnaires were used to evaluate each variable, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to contrast the relationships of the initial model. The model proposed had a satisfactory fit, and all the hypothesised relationships were significant. General intelligence was the variable most able to explain academic achievement. Also important was the direct influence of academic self-concept on achievement, goal orientations and effort, as well as the mediating ability of effort and learning strategies between academic goals and final achievement. En el estudio de los factores que intervienen en el proceso de aprendizaje, se han desarrollado distintos modelos estructurales con el fin de ofrecer una explicación de los efectos directos e indirectos que se producen entre el conjunto de variables contempladas en los mismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue contrastar un modelo estructural de variables cognitivo-motivacionales, predictoras del rendimiento académico, entre las que se incluyeron la inteligencia general, el autoconcepto académico, las orientaciones de meta, el esfuerzo y las estrategias de aprendizaje. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 341 alumnos españoles de primer curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Se emplearon distintas pruebas y cuestionarios para la evaluación de cada una de las variables y se aplicó SEM para contrastar las relaciones del modelo inicial. El modelo propuesto obtuvo un ajuste satisfactorio, siendo significativas todas relaciones hipotetizadas. La inteligencia general fue la variable con mayor poder explicativo sobre el rendimiento académico. También destacó la influencia directa del autoconcepto académico sobre el rendimiento, las orientaciones de meta y el esfuerzo, así como la capacidad mediadora del esfuerzo y de las estrategias de aprendizaje entre las metas académicas y el rendimiento final.
Stereotypic Gender Naming Practices For American And Australian Dogs And Cats

Abstract Pets are considered as part of the family in many households. As such, the names people give their pets ought to resemble the names they give their children in terms of sex-stereotypic phonological characteristics. A previous study indicated that this was true for Golden Retriever dogs. The present study determined 1) if such sex stereotyping was true for dogs in general, 2) also extended to cats, and 3) if the same phenomena held for both the United States and Australia. We compared the final written letter and final spoken phoneme in pet and human names, as well as the ‘first and last consonants, and syllable lengths in their names. We found that people applied the same gender-related naming practices for pets that they used for both male and female children. The only difference we found between U.S. and Australian naming for pets was that Americans gave their pets names that were more characteristic of male names than female names. We concluded that Americans and Australians used the same masculine/feminine rules for naming their pets as they do for naming their children.
Global methane emission estimates for 2000–2012 from CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 v1.0

Abstract. We present a global distribution of surface methane (CH4) emission estimates for 2000–2012 derived using the CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 (CTE-CH4) data assimilation system. In CTE-CH4, anthropogenic and biospheric CH4 emissions are simultaneously estimated based on constraints of global atmospheric in situ CH4 observations. The system was configured to either estimate only anthropogenic or biospheric sources per region, or to estimate both categories simultaneously. The latter increased the number of optimizable parameters from 62 to 78. In addition, the differences between two numerical schemes available to perform turbulent vertical mixing in the atmospheric transport model TM5 were examined. Together, the system configurations encompass important axes of uncertainty in inversions and allow us to examine the robustness of the flux estimates. The posterior emission estimates are further evaluated by comparing simulated atmospheric CH4 to surface in situ observations, vertical profiles of CH4 made by aircraft, remotely sensed dry-air total column-averaged mole fraction (XCH4) from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), and XCH4 from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The evaluation with non-assimilated observations shows that posterior XCH4 is better matched with the retrievals when the vertical mixing scheme with faster interhemispheric exchange is used. Estimated posterior mean total global emissions during 2000–2012 are 516 ± 51 Tg CH4 yr−1, with an increase of 18 Tg CH4 yr−1 from 2000–2006 to 2007–2012. The increase is mainly driven by an increase in emissions from South American temperate, Asian temperate and Asian tropical TransCom regions. In addition, the increase is hardly sensitive to different model configurations (
Evaluation of Decalcification Techniques for Rat Femurs Using HE and Immunohistochemical Staining

Aim. In routine histopathology, decalcification is an essential step for mineralized tissues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different decalcification solutions on the morphological and antigenicity preservation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat femurs. Materials and Methods. Four different decalcification solutions were employed to remove the mineral substances from rat femurs, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA, 3% nitric acid, 5% nitric acid, and 8% hydrochloric acid/formic acid. Shaking and low temperature were used to process the samples. The stainings of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) were employed to evaluate the bone morphology and antigenicity. Key Findings. Different decalcification solutions may affect the quality of morphology and the staining of paraffin-embedded sections in pathological examinations. Among four decalcifying solutions, 3% nitric acid is the best decalcifying agent for HE staining. 10% neutral buffered EDTA and 5% nitric acid are the preferred decalcifying agents for IHC staining. Significance. The current study investigated the effects of different decalcifying agents on the preservation of the bone structure and antigenicity, which will help to develop suitable protocols for the analyses of the bony tissue.
Procedural Justice and Supervisors' Personal Power Bases: Effects on Employees' Perceptions of Performance Appraisal Sessions, Commitment, and Motivation

Employees (N = 178) completed a questionnaire to evaluate performance appraisal sessions. Hypotheses derived from procedural justice theories were confirmed. Neutrality, standing, trust, and accuracy of information correlated positively with perceived procedural justice of PA sessions. Quality of outcomes of PA sessions also co-varied with perceived fairness. Moreover, personal power bases of supervisors (expert power, referent power) contributed to employees’ procedural justice perceptions. Perceived procedural justice correlated, as predicted, positively with three outcome variables: satisfaction with PA session; organizational commitment; and motivation. Performance appraisal (PA) systems belong to the most important human resource management instruments in organizations. These systems are used for a variety of reasons. There is a long list that includes twenty common uses of PA [1]. However, most authors seem to agree that applications of PA cluster around a few major uses [2-4]. Good PA systems should provide valuable information about the development of employees. PA systems may enhance the effectiveness of human resource decisions and offer much potential for satisfying employees’
Online Appendix for: 'On Reaching for Yield and the Coexistence of Bubbles and Negative Bubbles'

To economize on space, all the proofs of our paper "On Reaching for Yield and the Coexistence of Bubbles and Negative Bubbles" have been relegated to this appendix.The paper "On Reaching for Yield and the Coexistence of Bubbles and Negative Bubbles" to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2618973
Microtubules are stabilized in confluent epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts

Rhodamine-tagged tubulin was microinjected into epithelial cells (MDCK) and fibroblasts (Vero) to characterize the dynamic properties of labeled microtubules in sparse and confluent cells. Fringe pattern fluorescence photobleaching revealed two components with distinct dynamic properties. About one-third of the injected tubulin diffused rapidly in the cytoplasm with a diffusion coefficient of 1.3-1.6 x 10(- 8) cm2/s. This pool of soluble cytoplasmic tubulin was increased to greater than 80% when cells were treated with nocodazole, or reduced to approximately 20% upon treatment of cells with taxol. Fluorescence recovery of the remaining two-thirds of labeled tubulin occurred with an average half-time (t1/2) of 9-11 min. This pool corresponds to labeled tubulin associated with microtubules, since it was sensitive to treatment of cells with nocodazole and since taxol increased its average t1/2 to greater than 22 min. Movement of photobleached microtubules in the cytoplasm with rates of several micrometers per minute was shown using very small interfringe distances. A significant change in the dynamic properties of microtubules occurred when MDCK cells reached confluency. On a cell average, microtubule half-life was increased about twofold to approximately 16 min. In fact, two populations of cells were detected with respect to their microtubule turnover rates, one with a t1/2 of approximately 9 min and one with a t1/2 of greater than 25 min. Correspondingly, the rate of incorporation of microinjected tubulin into interphase microtubules was reduced about twofold in confluent MDCK cells. In contrast to the MDCK cells, no difference in microtubule dynamics was observed in sparse and confluent populations of Vero fibroblasts, where the average microtubule half- life was approximately 10 min. Thus, microtubules are significantly stabilized in epithelial but not fibroblastic cells grown to confluency.
Responses to Information Incongruency in Advertising: The Role of Expectancy, Relevancy, and Humor

Two studies examining the effects of expectancy, relevancy, and humor on attitude formation are presented. Following previous research, expectancy refers to the degree to which an item or a piece of information falls into some predetermined pattern or structure evoked by an ad. Relevancy refers to the degree to which an item or a piece of information contributes to the identification of the primary message communicated by the ad. Across two studies that examined immediate response, we found that information expectancy and relevancy interact to produce different levels of attitude favorability. Although ads with unexpected-relevant information elicited more favorable attitudes than did ads with expected-relevant information, ads with unexpected-irrelevant information yielded less favorable attitudes than did ads with expected-relevant information. Furthermore, humor and relevancy interact where a humorous execution was found to have a favorable effect in ads with unexpected-irrelevant information but not in ads with unexpected-relevant information. In addition, the second study further examined delayed responses in which the findings revealed a different pattern. Particularly noteworthy is a sleeper effect for ads with unexpected-irrelevant information where attitudes for both the ad and the brand improved over time. We conclude with implications and suggestions for future research. Copyright 1999 by the University of Chicago.
What Preservice Social Studies Teachers (Don't) Know About Politics and Current Events—And Why It Matters

Abstract This article reports findings from a 3-year study on preservice middle and secondary social studies teachers' common content knowledge of politics and current events. Surveys showed that both groups were generally uninformed about these issues, and on almost all measures, the middle-grades preservice teachers performed worse than those in the secondary program. Interviews were conducted with preservice teachers in both groups, and although they articulated a vision of teaching social studies that included relating content to politics and current events, most of the preservice teachers admitted that their habits related to acquiring this type of content knowledge were not sufficient to enact that vision in their classrooms. The author argues that these preservice teachers' lack of political and social awareness is a product of their intellectual dispositions as opposed to a deficiency in their content preparation.
Prediction of Surface Roughness of Ti-6Al-4V In Electrical Discharge Machining: A Regression Model

This paper develops a single order mathematical model for correlating the various electrical discharge machining (EDM) parameters and performance characteristics utilizing relevant experimental data as obtained through experimentation. Besides the effect of the peak ampere, pulse on time and pulse off time on surface roughness has been investigated. Experiments have been conducted on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with copper electrode retaining negative polarity as per Design of experiments (DOE). Response surface methodology (RSM) techniques are utilized to develop the mathematical model as well as to optimize the EDM parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been performed for the validity test of fit and adequacy of the proposed models. It can be seen that increasing pulse on time causes the fine surface until a certain value and afterward deteriorates in the surface finish. The excellent surface finish is investigated in this study in the case of the pulse on time below 80 >s. This result guides to pick the required process outputs and economic industrial machining conditions optimizing the input factors.
What Constrains or Facilitates Divestitures of Formerly Acquired Firms? The Effects of Organizational Inertia

This study examined behavioral explanations for the divestitures of formerly acquired units, particularly organizational inertia. It was argued that characteristics of parent firms and divested units reduce the likelihood of divesting a poorly performing unit. Conversely, it was also argued that change of key personnel and effective governance mechanisms increase the likelihood of such divestitures. Importantly, the results show that with age and size combined, appointment of new outside directors and divestiture experience (among other variables) moderated the effects on the likelihood of firms divesting units they had previously acquired. Implications for future theory development and management practice are also discussed.
Neurological Emergencies in India – Lessons Learnt and Strategies to Improve Outcomes

Background: Neurological emergencies account for between 2.6 and 14% of medical emergencies, a number that can be salvaged, if addressed in time. This study aimed to answer the questions of demand, type and outcome of neurological emergencies by conducting a retrospective analysis of neurological emergencies serviced by 108, the first professional emergency service in India. Method: During the period between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2008, a total of 24,760 calls were received by 108, of which confirmed neurological emergencies (n = 14,448) were followed up and evaluated. Risk factor analysis and stratification were done with respect to survival outcome at 48/120 h. Results: The subjects had a mean age of 37.4 (±19.5) years, were mainly male (63%) and were victims of seizures (51.5%), stroke (24%) or unconsciousness (21%). Risk stratification observed that rural area (p < 0.001), emergencies of stroke and coma (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), lower vital sign measurements (p < 0.001) and time to reach hospital (p = 0.05) were the main risk factors. Conclusion: Emergency medical systems should implement a prehospital stroke protocol including the use of vital sign monitoring, point-of-care clinical diagnostics and advance forewarning systems. Geriatric clinics attending to the elderly age group, especially located in rural areas, with better identification of stroke and coma as medical emergencies, either through neuroimaging or clinical diagnostic facilities, will definitely improve outcomes. As seizures form a large chunk of neurological emergencies, genetic testing and counseling to detect hereditary causes could identify and keep most victims on regulated treatment in order to reduce adverse outcomes.