Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The metabolic basis of dual periodicity of feeding in rats

Abstract This article examines how the depletion and replenishment of various energy stores give rise to periodic eating and how constant body-energy levels are maintained over time. Measures of the energy expended throughout the 24-hour feeding pattern in rats indicate that two different energy stores (one of small capacity and one of large) determine two superimposed feeding periodicities: one from meal to meal (prandial), the other from day to night (nycthemeral). The article reviews how experimental overrepletion or overdepletion of gastrointestinal content, blood glucose, or body fats affect food intake. These data suggest that gastrointestinal content determines both meal size and meal-to-meal periodicity. Other evidence indicates that glucose uptake rate in tissues, which is modulated by fat synthesis and fat mobilization, affects the periodic onset of feeding and the difference between nocturnal and diurnal postprandial satiety. There follows an examination of the neuroendocrine bases for the interacting mechanisms governing energy input and output balance and of the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in body-fat regulation and the lateral hypothalamus in feeding.
SMILES Enumeration as Data Augmentation for Neural Network Modeling of Molecules

Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) is a single line text representation of a unique molecule. One molecule can however have multiple SMILES strings, which is a reason that canonical SMILES have been defined, which ensures a one to one correspondence between SMILES string and molecule. Here the fact that multiple SMILES represent the same molecule is explored as a technique for data augmentation of a molecular QSAR dataset modeled by a long short term memory (LSTM) cell based neural network. The augmented dataset was 130 times bigger than the original. The network trained with the augmented dataset shows better performance on a test set when compared to a model built with only one canonical SMILES string per molecule. The correlation coefficient R2 on the test set was improved from 0.56 to 0.66 when using SMILES enumeration, and the root mean square error (RMS) likewise fell from 0.62 to 0.55. The technique also works in the prediction phase. By taking the average per molecule of the predictions for the enumerated SMILES a further improvement to a correlation coefficient of 0.68 and a RMS of 0.52 was found.
Emotional labour and job satisfaction of adventure tour leaders: Does gender matter?

This study aims to examine potential gender differences between adventure tour leaders employed in Australia in regards to the emotions they invest into their jobs. More specifically, it examines the impact of two types of emotional labour, surface acting and deep acting, on male and female adventure tour leaders’ job satisfaction. Whilst surface acting refers to faking feelings that are not really felt, or hiding feelings that are inappropriate to display, deep acting is concerned with aligning one's true feelings with the ones required by the job. Data were gathered through a quantitative on-line survey. Whilst the findings showed that deep acting had a statistically significant positive effect on adventure tour leaders’ job satisfaction, there was no statistically significant relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction. In relation to gender, there were no statistically significant differences between males and females in relation to surface acting, deep acting, job satisfaction, or the impact of surface acting and deep acting on job satisfaction. Contrary to research which suggests that women in general are better at managing their emotions and are more emotionally intelligent than men, it seems like male adventure tour leaders may be just as competent in managing their emotions as female adventure tour leaders. This, in turn, has implications for the manner in which adventure recreation providers manage their human resources.
Macrophage production during murine listeriosis: colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and CSF-1-binding cells in genetically resistant and susceptible mice

The concentration of the macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) and the numbers of bone marrow and spleen cells with specific receptors for that factor have been investigated in a number of mouse strains under normal conditions and after infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. The CSF-1 concentration in serum and tissue was markedly elevated in infected mice, the degree of stimulation reflecting the dose of L. monocytogenes. The CSF-1 titer did not correlate with genetic resistance or susceptibility of the mice to L. monocytogenes. In contrast to the effect of lipopolysaccharide, Listeria infection was able to increase the level of CSF-1 in the lipopolysaccharide nonresponder strain C3H/HeJ. In line with earlier findings on colony-forming cells, cells bearing receptors for CSF-1 in uninfected susceptible BALB/cJ mice were only half those in resistant C57BL/6J mice. After infection the majority of these cells disappeared from the bone marrow and spleen cells of both resistant and susceptible mice. The number of CSF-1 receptor-bearing cells in the normal bone marrow may determine the degree of resistance to L. monocytogenes.
Update on tuberculous pleural effusion

The possibility of tuberculous pleuritis should be considered in every patient with an undiagnosed pleural effusion, for if this diagnosis is not made the patient will recover only to have a high likelihood of subsequently developing pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis Between 3% and 25% of patients with tuberculosis will have tuberculous pleuritis. The incidence of pleural tuberculosis is higher in patients who are HIV positive. Tuberculous pleuritis usually presents as an acute illness with fever, cough and pleuritic chest pain. The pleural fluid is an exudate that usually has predominantly lymphocytes. Pleural fluid cultures are positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in less than 40% and smears are virtually always negative. The easiest way to establish the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis in a patient with a lymphocytic pleural effusion is to generally demonstrate a pleural fluid adenosine deaminase level above 40 U/L. Lymphocytic exudates not due to tuberculosis almost always have adenosine deaminase levels below 40 U/L. Elevated pleural fluid levels of γ‐interferon also are virtually diagnostic of tuberculous pleuritis in patients with lymphocytic exudates. In questionable cases the diagnosis can be established by demonstrating granulomas or organisms on tissue specimens obtained via needle biopsy of the pleura or thoracoscopy. The chemotherapy for tuberculous pleuritis is the same as that for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Connecting and Interacting

Abstract Animals provide a powerful draw for zoos and aquariums, with over 143 million visits per year made to institutions in the United States. Visitors come because of a desire to experience animals: to see them, but also, in one way or another, to interact with them. This is consistent both with the way humans naturally explore and learn about the physical world, and with a desire to build a relationship with animals and nature. This article looks at the research documenting visitors' desire to interact, and at the issues interaction raises for museums with living collections. It surveys some of the wide range of approaches zoos and aquariums have taken to supporting interaction, specifically as it relates to supporting a relationship with animals. Finally, it considers where research and evaluation results can inform exhibit decisions.
The Efficacy of a Manualized Group Treatment Protocol for Changing God Image, Attachment to God, Religious Coping, and Love of God, Others, and Self

This study compared the efficacy of a manualized group treatment protocol on God image and attachment to God to a manualized Christian Bible study and a waiting list control group in a sample of undergraduate college students attending a Christian college. Thirty students were randomly assigned to one of the treatment conditions and assessed with measures of God attachment, God image, religious coping, and general spiritual outcomes. It was hypothesized that significant God image and attachment change would occur among the God image treatment group participants only. In addition, it was hypothesized that significant religious coping and spiritual outcome change would occur within both groups compared to the waiting list control group. The results supported significant spiritual outcome changes in both groups but no significant God image/attachment change or religious coping change. Feedback from group participants informed how manualized God image/attachment protocols may be modified in future research to improve outcomes for young college-age Christian participants.
Human Resource Planning Challenges for Industrial/Organizational Psychologists

I ABSTRACT: Human resource planning has traditionally been used by organizations to ensure that the right person is in the right job at the right time. Under past conditions of relative environmental certainty and stability, human resource planning focused on the short term and was dic- tated largely by line management concerns. Increasing environmental instability, demographic shifts, changes in technology, and heightened international competition are changing the need for and the nature of human resource planning in leading organizations. Planning is increas- ingly the product of the interaction between line manage- ment and planners. In addition, organizations are real- izing that in order to adequately address human resource concerns, they must develop long-term as well as short- term solutions. As human resource planners involve themselves in more programs to serve the needs of the business, and even influence the direction of the business, they face new and increased responsibilities and chal- lenges.
Why female sex workers participate in HIV research: the illusion of voluntariness

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the motivation for and perceived voluntariness of participation in non-intervention HIV research among female sex workers (FSW) in India. FSW (n = 30) who participated in non-intervention HIV studies in the previous three years were recruited from a local community-based organization. Semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on women’s personal and economic motivations for participation and their perceptions of the informed consent process. Interviews were audio-recorded, translated, transcribed, and reviewed for common themes. Content analysis indicated that while many women reported willing participation, reports of obligatory participation were also a common theme. Obligations included money-related pressures and coercion by other FSW, social pressures, not wanting to disappoint the researchers, and perceiving that they had a contractual agreement to complete participation as a result of signing the consent form. Findings suggest a need for additional efforts during and following informed consent to prevent obligatory participation in HIV research studies among FSW. Findings emphasize the importance of integrating ongoing participant feedback into research ethics practices to identify issues not well addressed via standard ethics protocols when conducting HIV research among vulnerable populations.
The invisible workers

Where are university administrators placed in texts that are centred around universities? There appears to be either a total confusion in terminology about administration or a complete disregard for administrators' work but in most cases administrative staff in universities are largely invisible. This paper explores a range of texts (academic, government reports and novels) and provides a picture of how the work of administrators and the staff themselves are represented. It examines how they are positioned in the organisation as people, as workers and as power brokers and provides a starting point for further research into how these workers see themselves. “There has been remarkably little systematic study of the roles and values of university administrative staff” (McInnis, 1998, p. 161). Maybe it is time that this was remedied.
Assessment of clinical preparations for single gold and ceramometal crowns.

OBJECTIVE Single-crown preparations at a dental teaching hospital were compared with guidelines advocated in the dental literature. METHOD AND MATERIALS Sixty-three single complete gold crown and 151 single ceramometal crown preparations were evaluated. Impression silhouettes were measured for occlusal and axial wall tooth reductions, shoulder widths, internal shoulder angles, and axial wall convergence angles. Marginal designs, the presence of retention grooves and undercuts, and the types of cores present were also recorded. RESULTS Cuspal reduction was generally inadequate for the ceramometal crowns, and central fossa reduction was insufficient for both complete gold crowns and ceramometal crowns. The facial shoulder widths were also generally underprepared for the ceramometal crowns. Axial wall convergence angles for both complete gold crowns and ceramometal crowns were generally much greater than recommended. Large faciolingual convergence angles for anterior ceramometal crowns were associated with the absence of cingulum walls. Few preparations had retention grooves or undercut areas. CONCLUSION Although strict guidelines for tooth preparations for complete crowns are available and well known to dentists, the preparations in this study did not always conform to these recommendations.
Narrating Dementia

In this article, I examine how individuals diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease use illness narratives to construct community. The ability to narrate is a fundamental component of the self. Using 354 posts by 32 members of an Internet forum, I argue that people with Alzheimer’s, whose ability to narrate, and thus create a self, was compromised, nonetheless managed to tell stories of redemption out of which a salvaged self emerged. Narratives are essential for the construction of self, but as I show in this article, they are also essential for the construction of community. Forum members shared stories, gave advice, offered encouragement, and commiserated about their symptoms in ways that generated solidarity. Internet forums provide a venue for people with illnesses who are unable to leave the home to construct community.
Feedback model inspired by biological development to hierarchically design complex structure

We propose a new feedback system, the BiDevelopment System-inspired by the development mechanism of Drosophila-and discuss possible computer graphics and data compression applications. Drosophila's development forms complex organs from a fertilized egg by hierarchically diffusing different protein densities roughly among cells during the earlier stages and minutely during the later stages. The proposed system models this mechanism and realizes a hierarchical rough-to-detailed or simple-to-complex design, and vice versa. Unlike many conventional feedback systems, it is possible to embed our intended rough design into the mechanism, which is the most significant feature of the proposed system. We compare the BiDevelopment System to biological development with analogies, explain two example algorithms, create complex images from a simple seed code, and discuss its opposite application, data compression.
ADP-ribosyltransferase-specific Modification of Human Neutrophil Peptide-1*

Epithelial cells lining human airways and cells recruited to airways participate in the innate immune response in part by releasing human neutrophil peptides (HNP). Arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferases (ART) on the surface of these cells can catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to proteins. We reported that ART1, a mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferase, present in epithelial cells lining the human airway, modified HNP-1, altering its function. ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 was identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or a history of smoking (and having two common polymorphic forms of ART1 that differ in activity), but not in normal volunteers or patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Modified HNP-1 was not found in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients or in leukocyte granules of normal volunteers. The finding of ADP-ribosyl-HNP-1 in BALF but not in leukocyte granules suggests that the modification occurred in the airway. Most of the HNP-1 in the BALF from individuals with a history of smoking was, in fact, mono- or di-ADP-ribosylated. ART1 synthesized in Escherichia coli, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored ART1 released with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from transfected NMU cells, or ART1 expressed endogenously on C2C12 myotubes modified arginine 14 on HNP-1 with a secondary site on arginine 24. ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 by ART1 was substantially greater than that by ART3, ART4, ART5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S, or cholera toxin A subunit. Mouse ART2, which is an NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase, was able to modify HNP-1, but to a lesser extent than ART1. Although HNP-1 was not modified to a significant degree by ART5, it inhibited ART5 as well as ART1 activities. Human β-defensin-1 (HBD1) was a poor transferase substrate. Reduction of the cysteine-rich defensins enhanced their ability to serve as ADP-ribose acceptors. We conclude that ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 appears to be primarily an activity of ART1 and occurs in inflammatory conditions and disease.
The type I interferon system in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Abstract Many patients with systemic autoimmune diseases have signs of a continuous production of type I interferon (IFN) and display an increased expression of IFN-α-regulated genes. The reason for the on-going IFN-α synthesis in these patients seems to be an activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by immune complexes (ICs), consisting of autoantibodies in combination with DNA or RNA-containing autoantigens. Such interferogenic ICs are internalized via the FcγRIIa expressed on pDCs, reach the endosome, and stimulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 or -9, which subsequently leads to IFN-α gene transcription. Variants of genes involved in both the IFN-α synthesis and response have been linked to an increased risk to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Among these autoimmunity risk genes are IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), which is involved in TLR signaling, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) that interacts with the type I IFN receptor. Several other gene variants in the IFN signaling pathway also confer an increased risk to develop an autoimmune disease. The observations that IFN-α therapy can induce autoimmunity and that many autoimmune conditions have an on-going type I IFN production suggest that the type I IFN system has a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. Possible mechanisms behind the dysregulated type IFNsystem in autoimmune diseases and how the IFN-α produced can contribute to the development of an autoimmune process will be reviewed.
Serum immunoglobulin levels and risk factors for hypogammaglobulinaemia during long-term maintenance therapy with rituximab in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

OBJECTIVE Rituximab (RTX) is a B cell depleting agent used to induce and maintain remission in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). As the development of hypogammaglobulinaemia in GPA patients on long-term RTX has not been addressed, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in immunoglobulin levels and risk factors for hypogammaglobulinaemia during long-term RTX maintenance therapy in GPA. METHODS We used a single-centre cohort study of 29 GPA patients who received a median total cumulative dose of CYC of 17 g and were treated with 2 g RTX followed by re-treatment with either 2 g once annually, 1 g biannually or a combination of both. Ig levels were measured before each RTX re-treatment and hypogammaglobulinaemia was defined as levels of total immunoglobulin <6 g/l. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4 years, patients received a cumulative dose of 9 g RTX. While serum Ig levels decreased during RTX maintenance, the largest decrease occurred after the first infusion. Baseline Ig levels and the CYC cumulative dose predicted Ig levels, whereas the RTX cumulative dose did not. Eight patients (28%) discontinued RTX due to hypogammaglobulinaemia. Male gender [hazard ratio (HR) = 8.7, P = 0.044], kidney involvement (HR = 6.5, P = 0.083) and the 1 g biannual regimen (HR = 8.0, P = 0.024) increased the risk to discontinue RTX due to hypogammaglobulinaemia, whereas orbital-subglottic involvement (HR = 0.23, P = 0.080) decreased it. CONCLUSION Hypogammaglobulinaemia occurred in one-quarter of GPA patients during RTX maintenance, independent of the RTX cumulative dose. Male gender, kidney involvement and the 1 g biannual RTX regimen constitute risk factors for severe hypogammaglobulinaemia necessitating withdrawal of RTX.
Fault identification of rotating electric machines using comparative analysis methods

The analysis of the electrical machines operation, usually appeals to monitoring and diagnosis techniques, the operation faults involving electrical, mechanical and aerodynamical parameters modification. The mechanical faults are due mainly to the unbalance of the rotating parts of the electrical machines and their analysis can be carried out using the vibration amplitude versus time and/or the vibration speed versus frequency characteristics. This paper presents a fault identification method, using a comparative analysis of the vibration speed determined by two identical equipments. The proposed method is suitable for instance in the case of several identical generators in hydroelectric plants, but, in the present paper the method was applied to a secure glass manufacturing production line.
Emotional well-being in people with sight loss

Literature that is not peer-reviewed and distributed through a publisher is known as ‘grey’. As it is used to inform policy and practice we reviewed the grey literature concerning emotional well-being in people with sight loss. We consulted and searched the websites of UK voluntary organizations, and scanned reference lists of previous reviews for reports available from 2001 to 2008. We summarized 24 studies in two sections: observations that assessed psychosocial well-being or demand for support services (n = 15); and evaluations of interventions that aimed to improve emotional well-being (n = 9). Observations showed that people with sight loss can report low emotional well-being, but their statistical and clinical significance requires testing. Interventions showed promise for counselling but also require further evaluation. We encourage service providers and researchers to collaborate and produce high quality research to more persuasively inform policy and practice.