Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Walnut Tree: Allelopathic Effects and Tolerant Plants

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, veteran status, national origin, disability, or political affiliation. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. J. David Barrett, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Lorenza W. Lyons, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg. VT/028/100/1.5M/201920/430021 *Extension Specialist and Graduate Student, Hampton Roads AREC, Virginia Tech, respectively **Editorial Contributors, Virginia Tech Dept. of Horticulture, Norfolk VCE, and Chesapeake VCE, respectively Walnut tree characteristics
Screening Measure to Assess Knowledge of Diabetes in Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to develop a brief measure to assess knowledge regarding diabetes in pregnancy (Diabetes in Pregnancy Knowledge Screen [DPKS]). A test-retest design was used for subjects enrolled in a diabetes in pregnancy program at a university hospital. There were 58 women with overt diabetes (OD; insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent) and 67 women with gestational diabetes (GD). Three forms of the DPKS scale were developed for use with women with OD and women with GD treated or not treated with insulin. Adequate readability, internal consistency (r = 0.71), and testretest reliability (r = 0.76) were demonstrated with the DPKS. Initial support for the validity of the measure is suggested by its ability to differentiate women with GD versus OD, women on insulin versus those who are diet controlled, and women with shorter versus longer duration of illness. The DPKS may prove a useful clinical tool for diabetes educators working with pregnant women.
From regional innovation systems to local innovation systems: Evidence from Italian industrial districts

Abstract The theoretical concepts of industrial district and regional innovation system though closely related, capture different aspects of regional economic development. Given the “nestedness” of a system in other systems, one regional innovation system can support several districts. However, in some cases, districts may be considered as local innovation systems with independent innovation patterns. In fact, the socio-economic characters of industrial districts can be so specific that the region's size and institutional framework may be inadequate in fully describing their innovation processes. In the case of the Italian region of Lombardy, this “autonomous” local innovation system model proliferates.
Household Membership Decisions of Adult Children: Exploring European Diversity

Although several social, economic, and financial indicators point to a growing convergence among European countries, striking differences still emerge in the timing of leaving home for adult children. In our work, we explore the European diversity, analysing living arrangements of people 18–34 years old from 14 European countries. We use the European Community Household Panel survey and augment its informational content with intertemporal indicators of labor, housing, and marriage markets characteristics as well as proxy for welfare states and culture. We find that their role varies by group as well as within groups of European countries. Some important policy implications derive.
Learner Affect Through the Looking Glass: Characterization and Detection of Confusion in Online Courses

Characterizing the nature of students’ affective and emotional states and detecting them is of fundamental importance in online course platforms. In this paper, we study this problem by using discussion forum posts derived from large open online courses. We ﬁnd that posts identiﬁed as encoding confusion are actually manifestations of different learner affects pertaining to their informational needs– primarily seeking factual answers. We quantitatively demonstrate that the use of content-related linguistic features and community-related features derived from a post serve as reliable detectors of confusion while widely outperforming currently available algorithms of confusion detection. We also point out that several prediction tasks in this domain (e.g., confusion and urgency detection) can be correlated, and that a model trained for one task can effectively be used for making predictions on the other task without requiring labeled examples. Finally, we highlight a very signiﬁcant problem of adapting the classiﬁer to unseen courses.
An overview of non-CO2 greenhouse gases

Non-CO2 greenhouse gases, included in the Kyoto Protocol, are methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hexafluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorinated compounds (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Together they account for about 25% of the present global greenhouse gas emissions. Reductions in emissions of these gases have occurred in the industrialised countries, and they contribute to the efforts to reach the target of 5% greenhouse gas emission reduction as agreed in the Kyoto Protocol for these countries. Globally however, greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase as do the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere. The relation between emissions and concentrations is not clear for all non-CO2 greenhouse gases. This especially holds for methane. This article discusses the contribution of non-CO2 greenhouse gases to global climate forcing within the causal chain approach of the DPSIR schema (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response) as a background for the studies presented in this special issue. Although considerable reductions in non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions are expected in the first commitment period under the Climate Convention (Kyoto Protocol), it is argued that further substantial emission reductions in subsequent commitment periods for the most important non-CO2 greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) are difficult to achieve.
Transfection of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pi antisense complementary DNA increases the sensitivity of a colon cancer cell line to adriamycin, cisplatin, melphalan, and etoposide.

The goal of this study was to demonstrate that glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pi is directly involved in the intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. To this end, GST-pi antisense cDNA was transfected into the cultured human colon cancer cell line M7609, which expresses an innately high level of GST-pi and shows intrinsic drug resistance, and into an M7609 strain with acquired resistance to Adriamycin (ADR;i.e., M7609/ADR cells). The changes in the sensitivity of these transfectants to various anticancer drugs were investigated. The intracellular concentrations of GST-pi in M7609/anti-1 cells and M7609/anti-2 cells, two clones that were established by transfection of GST-pi antisense cDNA into M7609 cells, were decreased to approximately half of those detected in the parent cells (M7609) and in the control cells transfected with vector alone (M7609/pLJ). The sensitivities of the antisense transfectants in relation to ADR, cisplatin, melphalan, and etoposide were increased -3.3-fold, 2.3-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.1-fold, respectively, compared with those of M7609 and M7609/pLJ. On the other hand, the sensitivities of the antisense transfectants to Taxol, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin C were not significantly changed. Similarly, the transfection of antisense cDNA into M7609/ADR cells resulted in the reduction of intracellular GST-pi concentration (by about half) and an increased sensitivity to ADR (4.4-fold), but no increase in 5-fluorouracil sensitivity. Thus, GST-pi is considered to be a multidrug resistance factor that is responsible for both the intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs such as ADR, cisplatin, melphalan, and etoposide.
Nash equilibrium under knightian uncertainty: breaking down backward induction (extensively revised version)

We define Nash equilibrium for two-person normal form games in the presence of uncertainty, in the sense of Knight(1921). We use the fonna1iution of uncertainty due to Schmeidler and Gilboa. We show tbat there exist Nash equilibria for any degree of uncertainty, as measured by the uncertainty aversion (Dow anel Wer1ang(l992a». We show by example tbat prudent behaviour (maxmin) can be obtained as an outcome even when it is not rationaliuble in the usual sense. Next, we break down backward industion in the twice repeated prisoner's dilemma. We link these results with those on cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma obtained by Kreps-Milgrom-Roberts-Wdson(1982), and withthe 1iterature on epistemological conditions underlying Nash equilibrium. The knowledge notion implicit in this mode1 of equilibrium does not display logical omniscience.
Position-specific knowledge, new CEO learning and firm performance

Building on organisational learning theory and CEO-strategy fit research, we introduce the concept of position-specific knowledge of a new CEO and explore its impact on the learning process that new CEOs go through after taking office and on firm performance during their early tenure. We empirically test this concept using a sample of 59 CEO succession events that occurred between 1987 and 2002 in 48 of the largest publicly listed companies in Germany. Results show that position-specific knowledge of new CEOs indeed has an influence on firm performance during the early tenure of a CEO. Thus, we conclude that organisational learning theory and position-specific knowledge of new CEOs offer a promising lens for executive succession research and that they deserve further attention.
Qualitative study of burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being among US neurologists in 2016

Objective: To understand the experience and identify drivers and mitigating factors of burnout and well-being among US neurologists. Methods: Inductive data analysis was applied to free text comments (n = 676) from the 2016 American Academy of Neurology survey of burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being. Results: Respondents providing comments were significantly more likely to be older, owners/partners of their practice, solo practitioners, and compensated by production than those not commenting. The 4 identified themes were (1) policies and people affecting neurologists (government and insurance mandates, remuneration, recertification, leadership); (2) workload and work–life balance (workload, electronic health record [EHR], work–life balance); (3) engagement, professionalism, work domains specific to neurology; and (4) solutions (systemic and individual), advocacy, other. Neurologists mentioned workload > professional identity > time spent on insurance and government mandates when describing burnout. Neurologists' patient and clerical workload increased work hours or work brought home, resulting in poor work–life balance. EHR and expectations of high patient volumes by administrators impeded quality of patient care. As a result, many neurologists reduced work hours and call provision and considered early retirement. Conclusions: Our results further characterize burnout among US neurologists through respondents' own voices. They clarify the meaning respondents attributed to ambiguous survey questions and highlight the barriers neurologists must overcome to practice their chosen specialty, including multiple regulatory hassles and increased work hours. Erosion of professionalism by external factors was a common issue. Our findings can provide strategic direction for advocacy and programs to prevent and mitigate neurologist burnout and promote well-being and engagement.
Monetary Sterilization in China Since the 1990s: How Much and How Effective?

China is the largest reserve holder among developing countries, having amassed over US$ 600 billion of reserves by end 2004. Given the potential liquidity overhang concerns in China due to the rapid reserve buildup, the PeopleÂ’s Bank of China (PBOC) has actively attempted to sterilize these inflows using a combination of market-based and administrative measures to mop up the excess liquidity. This paper focuses on the magnitude and sources of reserve buildup in China as well as their monetary consequences since the 1990s. It undertakes an econometric investigation to assess the de facto extent of monetary sterilization by estimating a set of simultaneous equations explicitly derived from an optimizing framework to examine the relationship between net domestic assets and net foreign assets.
Service quality implementation: problems and solutions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the problems in the measurement of service quality, why management seems to ignore some of the costs of poor service quality, as well as the repercussions of this, and how to implement service quality correctly in organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper defines service quality and highlights some of the main points of the literature. The paper then focuses on developing a matrix to categorize quality costs which offers insights as to why more managers have not fully implemented service quality in their organizations.Findings – Utilizing this quality costs matrix, the paper focuses on describing several of the main problems or pitfalls in service quality implementation.Practical implications – In light of these findings, the paper discusses the practical implications and focuses on recommendations how to implement service quality correctly.Originality/value – The paper suggests a novel categorization of quality costs and suggests recommendat.
Airborne Hyperspectral Evaluation of Maximum Gross Photosynthesis, Gravimetric Water Content, and CO2 Uptake Efficiency of the Mer Bleue Ombrotrophic Peatland

Peatlands cover a large area in Canada and globally (12% and 3% of the landmass, respectively). These ecosystems play an important role in climate regulation through the sequestration of carbon dioxide from, and the release of methane to, the atmosphere. Monitoring approaches, required to understand the response of peatlands to climate change at large spatial scales, are challenged by their unique vegetation characteristics, intrinsic hydrological complexity, and rapid changes over short periods of time (e.g., seasonality). In this study, we demonstrate the use of multitemporal, high spatial resolution (1 m2) hyperspectral airborne imagery (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) and Shortwave Airborne Spectrographic Imager (SASI) sensors) for assessing maximum instantaneous gross photosynthesis (PGmax) in hummocks, and gravimetric water content (GWC) and carbon uptake efficiency in hollows, at the Mer Bleue ombrotrophic bog. We applied empirical models (i.e., in situ data and spectral indices) and we derived spatial and temporal trends for the aforementioned variables. Our findings revealed the distribution of hummocks (51.2%), hollows (12.7%), and tree cover (33.6%), which is the first high spatial resolution map of this nature at Mer Bleue. For hummocks, we found growing season PGmax values between 8 μmol m−2 s−1 and 12 μmol m−2 s−1 were predominant (86.3% of the total area). For hollows, our results revealed, for the first time, the spatial heterogeneity and seasonal trends for gravimetric water content and carbon uptake efficiency for the whole bog.
Income-Related Inequality in Self-Assessments of Health Status in Shanghai

This study applies the concentration-index methodology to adult respondents of a unique household survey recently conducted in Shanghai to quantify income-related inequality in self-assessed health status and its avoidable component. Clustered random sampling was used to produce a citywide representative sample. A continuous measure of latent health was generated based on the predicted values from an ordinal probit model with the categorical response of self-assessed health status as the dependent variable. The concentration index is estimated as 0.06 and the percentage of its avoidable component is roughly 72 percent. Hence there is room for social welfare programs to intervene and reduce income-related health inequalities in Shanghai.
Irreversible Investment with Strategic Interactions

This Paper examines irreversible investment in a project with uncertain returns, when there is an advantage to being the first to invest, and externalities to investing when others also do so. Pre-emption decreases and may even eliminate the option values created by irreversibility and uncertainty. Externalities introduce inefficiencies in investment decisions. Pre-emption and externalities combined can actually hasten, rather than delay, investment, contrary to the usual outcome. These facts demonstrate the importance of extending 'real options' analysis to include strategic interactions.
Adrenal Insufficiency in Cystic Fibrosis: A Rare Phenomenon?

Background The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown. The frequent use of glucocorticoids (inhaled or systemic) may induce the long-term suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Methods We reviewed the results of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests done over a 10-year period to evaluate adrenal function in 69 CF patients of the CHUM CF clinic. Clinical characteristics of AI patients were compared to adrenal-sufficient (AS) patients. Results AI was confirmed in 33 of the 69 CF patients. A higher rate of dysglycemia (P=0.022) and of Aspergillus positive culture (P=0.006) was observed in AI patients compared to AS patients. Weight, CFTR genotype, and pulmonary function were comparable between AI and AS patients. The use of systemic corticosteroids (SC) prior to the diagnosis of AI was observed in 42.4% of patients. Compared to AI patients without SC, SC-treated AI patients were older and had a higher rate of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Conclusion This study is the first to systematically examine the presence of AI in the largest cohort of CF patients studied to date with a prevalence of 8%. Patients treated with corticosteroids and those colonized with Aspergillus have a greater risk of AI.
An investigation into sexual orientation discrimination as an explanation for wage differences

This study explores the effects of sexual orientation on earnings. It is found that, ceteris paribus, men living with male partners tend to earn less than other men, and women living with female partners tend to earn more than other women. These earnings differentials tend to vary by region. They also vary by education and occupation for men, and with the presence of minor children for women. In addition, the age-earnings profiles of women living with female partners tend to be higher, flatter, and less concave than those of other women.
Public sector outsourcing: implications for training and skills

Since the early 1980s, governments and policy makers in Australia have emphasized the importance of the national skills base to the attainment of international competitiveness. Workforce training programs and institutions have undergone considerable restructuring as a consequence. In recent years, there has also been a rapid growth in the use of contract labour supplied by agencies to perform specific functions. This paper addresses the impact of these concurrent developments in the area of clerical and administrative work. Focusing on two key areas of public sector employment, the Australian Public Service and the higher education system, it highlights the potentially damaging effects a reliance on contract employees can have on training and the skills base.
Alternative Explanations for Inner-City Gentrification: A Canadian Assessment

Within the rapidly expanding literature on inner-city revitalization (or gentrification), there has been no attempt to assess in a comparative and systematic manner a range of explanations that have emerged from studies of single cities or even single neighborhoods. Four major explanations of gentrification are reviewed here and then made operational in a correlation and regression analysis of inner-city gentrification in the Canadian urban system between 1971 and 1981. Several of the posited explanations are not supported. Economic and urban amenity factors perform most strongly in the analysis, but demographic and housing factors have less effect. I develop an integrated model and discuss its theoretical implications, including its consistency with staple theory and the interrelatedness demonstrated between housing and labor markets.
Revisiting Temporal Modeling for Video-based Person ReID

Video-based person reID is an important task, which has received much attention in recent years due to the increasing demand in surveillance and camera networks. A typical video-based person reID system consists of three parts: an image-level feature extractor (e.g. CNN), a temporal modeling method to aggregate temporal features and a loss function. Although many methods on temporal modeling have been proposed, it is hard to directly compare these methods, because the choice of feature extractor and loss function also have a large impact on the final performance. We comprehensively study and compare four different temporal modeling methods (temporal pooling, temporal attention, RNN and 3D convnets) for video-based person reID. We also propose a new attention generation network which adopts temporal convolution to extract temporal information among frames. The evaluation is done on the MARS dataset, and our methods outperform state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Our source codes are released at this https URL.
The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: an overview of applications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed literature review of the recent applications of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) group decision‐making methodologies.Design/methodology/approach – Among more than 600 related papers published in the period 2005‐2009, a total of 232 application articles published in highly reputed international academic journals were selected and referenced in this paper. Papers were categorized according to application areas, subject titles, publication date, country of origin, academic journals, and integrated methodologies, and are summarized herein by various tables and charts.Findings – The findings show that during the years 2005‐2009, use of the AHP technique has continued to increase exponentially. Moreover, it is expected that ANP will gain more popularity in the future, as the benefits of ANP become better understood. Applications of AHP have been dominant in manufacturing, followed by the environmental management .