Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violation of local realism with freedom of choice

Bell’s theorem shows that local realistic theories place strong restrictions on observable correlations between different systems, giving rise to Bell’s inequality which can be violated in experiments using entangled quantum states. Bell’s theorem is based on the assumptions of realism, locality, and the freedom to choose between measurement settings. In experimental tests, “loopholes” arise which allow observed violations to still be explained by local realistic theories. Violating Bell’s inequality while simultaneously closing all such loopholes is one of the most significant still open challenges in fundamental physics today. In this paper, we present an experiment that violates Bell’s inequality while simultaneously closing the locality loophole and addressing the freedom-of-choice loophole, also closing the latter within a reasonable set of assumptions. We also explain that the locality and freedom-of-choice loopholes can be closed only within nondeterminism, i.e., in the context of stochastic local realism.
Does Combining School and Work Affect School and Post-School Outcomes? Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth.

In this report the authors seek to answer the question of whether combining school and work is detrimental or beneficial to a student's school educational performance and labour market outcomes. They find that young people who combine school and work are distributed right across the school population. Results show that individuals can combine school and work with minimal impact on their study if the hours are modest and those working longer hours show a stronger orientation towards work than study. The authors used data from the 2003 cohort (Y03) of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth.
Field and Storage Evaluations of 'SpuntaG2' for Resistance to Potato Tuber Moth and

SpuntaG2' is a transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar that contains the cry1Ia1 gene for resistance to potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella), which is a serious pest of potato in many parts of the world. Previous studies have characterized 'SpuntaG2' at the molecular level and evaluated it for safety as a human food source. The objective here was to determine the efficacy of 'SpuntaG2' against the potato tuber moth in the field and in storage and to evaluate its agronomic performance. Efficacy trials at seven South African locations over 5 years indicated that 'SpuntaG2' gave complete control of potato tuber moth in the field and storage. The agronomic performance (tuber size and yield) of 'SpuntaG2' was not statistically different from 'Spunta' or was better than 'Spunta' at all locations/years with two exceptions. Three years of trials in Michigan further support these conclusions. Evaluations done during the 2006-07 South African season showed that 'SpuntaG2' did not differ from non-transgenic 'Spunta' for the following traits: maturity, growth habit, eye morphology, tuber size distribution, tuber shape, skin and flesh color, growth cracks, internal defects, specific gravity, chip color, cooking quality, disease resistance, and pollen fertility. Based on the results of these trials, it was concluded that 'SpuntaG2' provides the agronomic performance of 'Spunta' with the added benefit of resistance to potato tuber moth.
The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind''s Hidden Complexities. Basic Books

A long-awaited synthesis that marks a major turning point in cognitive science. Until recently, cognitive science focused on such mental functions as problem solving, grammar, and pattern-the functions in which the human mind most closely resembles a computer. But humans are more than computers: we invent new meanings, imagine wildly, and even have ideas that have never existed before. Today the cutting edge of cognitive science addresses precisely these mysterious, creative aspects of the mind. The Way We Think is a landmark analysis of the imaginative nature of the mind. Conceptual blending is already widely known in research laboratories throughout the world; this book, written to be accessible to both lay readers and interested scientists, is its definitive statement. Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner show that conceptual blending is the root of the cognitively modern human mind, and that conceptual blends themselves are continually combined and reblended to create the rich mental fabric in which we live. The Way We Think shows how this blending operates; how it is affected by (and gives rise to) language, identity, culture, and invention; and how we imagine what could be and what might have been. The result is a bold and exciting new view of how the mind works.
Embryonic development of choline acetyltransferase in thoracic spinal motor neurons: Somatic and autonomic neurons may be derived from a common cellular group

This investigation focused on the relationship between neurotransmitter phenotype expression and rat motor neuron development, as studied with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemical techniques. The development of two subclasses of motor neurons, somatic and autonomic efferents, was examined in the upper thoracic spinal cord. ChAT was first detected in a few neurons on embryonic day 121/2 (E121/2), and in numerous cells located in a single, ventrolaterally located column in the intermediate zone on E13. By E14, this group‐ of ChAT‐positive neurons was more intensely immunoreactive, and their axons could be traced to appropriate targets in developing somatic muscle and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. During the E15–16 period, somatic and autonomic motor neurons separated into two distinct subgroups, with the latter cells being observed to translocate dorsally. By E17, these autonomic motor neurons reached their final positions in the midportion of the intermediate zone. The autonomic motor neurons were observed to extend transverse dendritic bundles across the spinal cord between E15–16, but evidence of the longitudinal bundles of sympathetic preganglionic dendrites was not observed until after birth.
Hypercholesterolemia in children with Smith-Magenis syndrome: del (17)(p11.2p11.2)

Purpose: Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a probable contiguous gene syndrome due to an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 band p11.2, is associated with a distinct and complex phenotype, including physical, developmental, and neurobehavioral features. The majority of SMS patients are deleted for a common ∼ 4 Mb interval that includes the gene SREBF1, a transmembrane transcription factor that regulates the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis. A systematic study of fasting lipid profiles of patients with SMS was conducted to determine the frequency of cholesterol abnormalities.Methods: Fasting lipid profiles were examined in 49 children (27F/22M) between the ages of 0.6 years to 17.6 years (mean, 6.9 years) with a cytogenetically confirmed diagnosis of SMS. Observed values for serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were compared with published norms. The body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of nutritional status.Results: Mean TC was significantly higher than published NHANES III pediatric norms (P < 0.0008). Overall 28 of 49 (57%) SMS subjects had lipid values greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender for at least one or more of the following: TC, TG, and/or LDL. Only 16 SMS subjects (32%) were within normal limits for all three of these variables. BMI values showed minimal positive correlation to SMS lipid values; however, no consistent effect was found. Thus BMI values alone do not explain the marked trend in increased TC, TG, and/or LDL observed in the SMS group. Based on the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended lipid levels for children and adolescents, only one third of SMS subjects fall within normal range for TC and LDL; an additional one third each measure “borderline” or “high” for these values.Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia is common in SMS and may serve as a useful early clinical biochemical marker of the syndrome.
Relationship between lung function impairment and incidence or recurrence of cardiovascular events in a middle-aged cohort

Introduction: Lung function impairment may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Objective: To determine the relationship between the severity of airflow obstruction based on modified Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria and the prevalence and incidence or recurrence of CVD in a cohort of US adults, aged 45–64 years, from 1987 to 2001. Methods: We analysed data from 14 681 adults using logistic regression to determine the cross sectional association between lung function impairment and prevalent CVD at baseline and Cox regression to examine the prospective association of lung function impairment at baseline with CVD over 15 years of follow-up. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, comorbid hypertension and diabetes, cholesterol levels and fibrinogen level. Results: At baseline, the crude prevalence of CVD was higher among subjects with GOLD 2 (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.6) and GOLD 3 or 4 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.5), compared with normal subjects. These relative risks were greatly reduced after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8 for GOLD 2 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.1 for GOLD 3 or 4). Similarly, the association between COPD and risk of incident or recurrent CVD was much stronger in the unadjusted models (hazard ratio (HR) 2.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.7 for GOLD 2 and 2.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 3.9 for GOLD 3 or 4) than in the adjusted ones (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.4 for GOLD 2 and 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0 for GOLD 3 or 4). Conclusion: We observed a crude association between lung function impairment and prevalent and incident or recurrent CVD that was greatly reduced after adjusting for covariates, including age, sex, race, smoking, comorbid hypertension and diabetes, cholesterol levels and fibrinogen level. These data suggest that this association may be, in part, mediated through established CVD risk factors included in our adjusted models.
The C677T mutation of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a moderate risk factor for spina bifida in Italy.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk for spina bifida associated with the common mutation C677T of the MTHFR gene in a country with a relatively low prevalence of NTDs. DESIGN: Case-control study. SUBJECTS: Cases: 203 living patients affected with spina bifida (173 myelomeningocele and 30 lipomeningocele); controls: 583 subjects (306 young adults and 277 unselected newborns) from northern and central-southern Italy. SETTING: Cases: three spina bifida centres; young adult controls: DNA banks; newborn controls: regional neonatal screening centres. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of the C677T genotypes in cases and controls by place of birth; odds ratios for spina bifida and estimated attributable fraction. RESULTS: The prevalence of T/T, T/C, and C/C genotype was 16.6%, 53.7%, and 29.7% in controls and 25.6%, 43.8%, and 30.6% in cases, respectively. We found no differences between type of defect or place of birth. The odds ratio for spina bifida associated with the T/T genotype v C/C plus T/C was 1.73 (95% CI 1.15, 2.59) and the corresponding attributable fraction was 10.8%. No increased risk was found for heterozygous patients (OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.53-1.18). CONCLUSION: This study, as well as the meta-analysis we updated, shows that homozygosity for the MTHFR C677T mutation is a moderate risk factor in Europe, and even in Italy where there is a relatively low prevalence of spina bifida. The estimated attributable fraction associated with this risk factor explains only a small proportion of cases preventable by periconceptional folic acid supplementation. Thus, other genes involved in folate-homocysteine metabolism, their interaction, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors should be investigated further.
Drosophila CLIP-190 and mammalian CLIP-170 display reduced microtubule plus end association in the nervous system

Usually, CLIPs promote microtubule growth by binding their plus ends. However, in neurons, mouse CLIP-170 and fly CLIP-190 are weak end binders, instead forming actin/myosin VI–dependent patches in the center of growth cones. Total CLIP-190 loss, even together with four other plus end binders, reveals no role in neuronal MT regulation.
: The Observing Self; Mysticism and Psychotherapy

Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the the observing self mysticism and psychotherapy book. You can open the device and get the book by on-line.
The caregiver's journey: A phenomenological study of the lived experience of leisure for caregivers in the sandwich generation who care for a parent with dementia

The caregiver's journey: a phenomenological study of the lived experience of leisure for caregivers in the sandwich generation who care for a parent with dementia. ii To Tim, You washed loads of laundry, changed many diapers and kissed lots of boo boos so I could finish this. Thank you! To Jake and Finn, I promise we will get long term insurance! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS
On the evolution of cooling cores in X‐ray galaxy clusters

To define a framework for the formation and evolution of the cooling cores in X-ray galaxy clusters, we study how the physical properties change as a function of the cosmic time in the inner regions of a 4-keV and an 8-keV galaxy cluster under the action of radiative cooling and gravity only. The cooling radius, R cool , defined as the radius at which the cooling time equals the Universe age at given redshift, evolves from ∼0.01R 200 at z > 2, where the structures begin their evolution, to ∼0.05R 200 at z = 0. The values measured at 0.01 R 200 show an increase of about 15-20 per cent per Gyr in the gas density and surface brightness and a decrease with a mean rate of 10 per cent per Gyr in the gas temperature. The emission-weighted temperature diminishes by about 25 per cent and the bolometric X-ray luminosity rises by a factor ∼2 after 10 Gyr when all the cluster emission is considered in the computation. On the contrary, when the core region within 0.15 R 500 is excluded, the gas temperature value does not change and the X-ray luminosity varies by 10-20 per cent only. The cooling time and gas entropy radial profiles are well represented by power-law functions, t cool = to + t 0.1 (η/0.01R 200 ) γ and K = K 0 + K 0.1 (r/0.1R 200 ) α , with to and K 0 that decrease with time from 13.4 Gyr and 270 keV cm 2 in the hot system (8.6 Gyr and 120 keV cm 2 in the cool one) and reach zero after about 8 (3) Gyr. The slopes vary slightly with the age, with y ≈ 1.3 and a ≈ 1.1. The behaviour of the inner slopes of the gas temperature and density profiles are the most sensitive and unambiguous tracers of an evolving cooling core. Their values after 10 Gyr of radiative losses, T gas ∝ r 0.4 and n gas ∝ r -1.2 , are remarkably in agreement with the observational constraints available for nearby X-ray luminous cooling core clusters. Because our simulations do not consider any AGN heating, they imply that the feedback process does not greatly alter the gas density and temperature profiles as generated by radiative cooling alone.
Effects of Fennel Essential Oil on Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Ovariectomized Rats

Background: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDDP)) is an effective drug in cancer therapy to treat solid tumors. However, the drug is accompanied by nephrotoxicity. Previous reports indicated that estrogen has no protective role against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, but the role of phytoestrogen as an estrogenic agent in plants is not determined yet. The major composition of fennel essential oil (FEO) is trans-anethole that has estrogenic activity; so, we used FEO as a phytoestrogen source against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four ovariectomized Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Groups 1-3 received different doses of FEO (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 10 days. Group 4 received saline for 10 days plus single dose of CDDP (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)) at day 3. Groups 5-7 received FEO similar to groups 1-3, respectively; plus a single dose of CDDP (7 mg/kg, ip) on day 3. On day 10, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological studies. Results: The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), and kidney weight (KW) and body weight changes in CDDP-treated groups increased significantly (P < 0.05). FEO did not reduce the levels of BUN and Cr, KTDS, and KW and body weight changes. Also, the serum and tissue levels of nitrite were not altered significantly by FEO. Conclusion: FEO, as a source of phytoestrogen, did not induce kidney damage. In addition, FEO similar to estrogen was not a nephroprotectant agent against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Care Transition Intervention Among Multimorbid Patients

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of four different doses (based on patients’ level of cognition and activation) of a home-based care transitions intervention compared with usual care at 2 and 6 months after hospital discharge to home for 126 adult patients with three or more chronic diseases. Health care utilization was measured, and a cost-effectiveness analysis was used to estimate incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years associated with each intervention arm. At 6 months, results from this pilot study are very promising and support cost-effectiveness for Group 2-low cognition/high activation, Group 3-normal cognition/low activation, and Group 4-normal cognition/high activation patients. However, Group 1-low cognition/low activation needs a more intensive treatment than what was provided in the intervention, because of their low cognition and activation levels. Our intervention strategies provided to the groups would be scalable to a larger patient population and across different facilities.
Dependences of QSO Lyα absorption line statistics on cosmological parameters

We have performed high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of the Ly α forest in a variety of popular cold dark matter dominated cosmologies, including a low density and a vacuum-dominated model. The fluctuation amplitude of these models is chosen to match the observed abundance of galaxy clusters at low redshift. We assume that the intergalactic medium is photoionized and photoheated by a uniform ultraviolet background with the required amplitude to give the observed mean hydrogen absorption. We produce simulated spectra, analyse them by fitting Voigt profiles and compare line statistics with those obtained from high-resolution observations. All models give column density distributions in good agreement with observations. However, the distribution of line widths (the b-parameter distribution) reflects differences in the temperature of the intergalactic medium between the models, with colder models producing more narrow lines. All the models with a low baryon density, Ωbh2=0.0125, are too cold to produce a b-parameter distribution in agreement with observations. Models with a higher baryon density, Ωb h2=0.025, are hotter and provide better fits. Peculiar velocities contribute significantly to the line widths in models with low matter density, and this improves the agreement with observations further. We briefly discuss alternative mechanisms for reconciling the simulations with the observed b-parameter distributions.
Sequence variation in DOCK9 and heterogeneity in bipolar disorder

Background Linkage of bipolar disorder to a broad region on chromosome 13q has been supported in several studies including a meta-analysis on genome scans. Subsequent reports have shown that variations in the DAOA (G72) locus on 13q33 display association with bipolar disorder but these may not account for all of the linkage evidence in the region. Objective To identify additional susceptibility loci on 13q32-q33 by linkage disequilibrium mapping and explore the impact of phenotypic heterogeneity on association. Methods In the initial phase, 98 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) located on 13q32-q33 were genotyped on 285 probands with bipolar disorder and their parents were drawn from families in the NIMH Genetics Initiative consortium for bipolar disorder (NIMH1-4) and two other series. Fine scale mapping using one family series (NIMH1-2) as the test sample was targeted on a gene that displayed the highest evidence of association. A secondary analysis of familial component phenotypes of bipolar disorder was conducted. Results Three of seven SNPs in DOCK9, a gene that encodes an activator of the Rho-GTPase Cdc42, showed significant excess allelic transmission (P=0.0477−0.00067). Fine scale mapping on DOCK9 yielded evidence of association at nine SNPs in the gene (P=0.02−0.006). Follow-up tests detected excess transmission of the same allele of rs1340 in two out of three other sets of families. The association signals were largely attributable to maternally transmitted alleles (rs1927568: P=0.000083; odds ratio=3.778). A secondary analysis of familial component phenotypes of bipolar disorder detected significant association across multiple DOCK9 markers for racing thoughts, psychosis, delusion during mania and course of illness indicators. Conclusion These results suggest that DOCK9 contributes to both risk and increased illness severity in bipolar disorder. We found evidence for the effect of phenotypic heterogeneity on association. To our knowledge this is the first report to implicate DOCK9 or the Rho-GTPase pathway in the etiology of bipolar disorder.
Survival, by Birth Weight and Gestational Age, in Individuals With Congenital Heart Disease: A Population‐Based Study

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) survival estimates are important to understand prognosis and evaluate health and social care needs. Few studies have reported CHD survival estimates according to maternal and fetal characteristics. This study aimed to identify predictors of CHD survival and report conditional survival estimates. Methods and Results Cases of CHD (n=5070) born during 1985–2003 and notified to the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey (NorCAS) were matched to national mortality information in 2008. Royston–Parmar regression was performed to identify predictors of survival. Five‐year survival estimates conditional on gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and year of birth were produced for isolated CHD (ie, CHD without extracardiac anomalies). Year of birth, gestational age, birth weight, and extracardiac anomalies were independently associated with mortality (all P≤0.001). Five‐year survival for children born at term (37–41 weeks) in 2003 with average birth weight (within 1 SD of the mean) was 96.3% (95% CI, 95.6–97.0). Survival was most optimistic for high‐birth‐weight children (>1 SD from the mean) born post‐term (≥42 weeks; 97.9%; 95% CI, 96.8–99.1%) and least optimistic for very preterm (<32 weeks) low‐birth‐weight (<1 SD from mean) children (78.8%; 95% CI, 72.8–99.1). Conclusions Five‐year CHD survival is highly influenced by gestational age and birth weight. For prenatal counseling, conditional survival estimates provide best‐ and worst‐case scenarios, depending on final gestational age and birth weight. For postnatal diagnoses, they can provide parents with more‐accurate predictions based on their baby's birth weight and gestational age.