Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Location and Kinematics of the Coronal-Line Emitting Regions in Active Galactic Nuclei

We use the photoionization code CLOUDY to determine both the location and the kinematics of the optical forbidden, high-ionization line (hereafter, FHIL) emitting gas in the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564. The results of our models are compared with the observed properties of these emission lines to produce a physical model that is used to explain both the kinematics and the source of this gas. The main features of this model are that the FHIL emitting gas is launched from the putative dusty torus and is quickly accelerated to its terminal velocity of a few hundred km s(-1). Iron-carrying grains are destroyed during this initial acceleration. This velocity is maintained by a balance between radiative forces and gravity in this super-Eddington source. Eventually the outflow is slowed at large radii by the gravitational forces of and interactions with the host galaxy. In this model, FHIL emission traces the transition between the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and bulge zones of influence.
The pronunciation of unfamiliar native and non-native town names

transliteration of Greek [x] as <kh> rather than <ch>. For aural presentation, taped prompts were then made of the names. This was carried out by a single speaker, to reduce variation in pronunciation due to speaker characteristics rather than the characteristics of the names. Additionally, using different speakers would have made the language of origin of each name too obvious. As the subjects were to be Scottish, a phonetician from the East Coast of Scotland produced the prompts, so for the British towns the subjects would be expected to reproduce a local accent. (Where 'English' and 'nonEnglish' are used to describe features of the prompts or the subjects' speech, it is important to remember that this refers to an accent of English with certain important differences from RP, such as the use of post-vocalic \r\ and the phoneme \x\). For the other town names in the experiment, the prompts were checked for acceptability in the native languages. This paper will discuss pronunciations of unfamiliar names, both British and foreign, by native speakers of English. Most studies which look at peoples' pronunciations of unfamiliar or pseudowords are based on English word-patterns, rather than a crosslanguage selection, while algorithms for determining the pronunciation of names from a variety of languages do not necessarily tell us how real people behave in such a situation. This paper shows that subjects may use different systems or sub-systems of rules to pronounce unknown names which they perceive to be non-native. If we wish to model human behaviour in novel word pronunciation, we need to take into account the fact that, while native speakers are not experts in all foreign languages, neither are they linguistically naive.
To Confront or to Avoid

What do people want to do in response to witnessing someone violate a moral norm? Prior research posits that violations of distinct norms elicit specific emotions, specifically anger and disgust. We examined whether moral violations analogously elicit distinct behavioral responses, focusing on desires to confront and avoid moral violators. Participants read scenarios depicting harmful and impure actions (Study 1) or violations of all six content domains proposed by Moral Foundations Theory (Study 2). Bayesian inference revealed that participants expressed distinctively high levels of desire to avoid (vs. confront) violators of purity norms. Violations of other moral norms did not similarly elicit unique patterns of avoidance or confrontation. Thus, behavioral responses to moral violators depend in part on which norm was violated, with impure acts eliciting a uniquely strong avoidance response. Moral judgment can serve as a precursor to strategic action in the face of perceived immorality.
Increasing evidence base for sodium bicarbonate therapy to prevent contrast media-induced acute kidney injury: little role of unpublished studies.

1998; 4: S21–S24 5. Asinobi A O, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA et al. The predominance of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in childhood nephrotic syndrome in Ibadan, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 1999; 18: 203–206 6. Bhimma R, Coovadia HM, Adhikari M. Nephrotic syndrome in South African children: changing perspectives over 20 years. Pediatr Nephrol 1997; 11: 429–434 7. Arogundade FA, Barsoum RS. CKD prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa: a call for governmental, nongovernmental, and community support. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51: 515–523 8. Naicker S. End-stage renal disease in sub-Saharan and South Africa. Kidney Int Suppl 2003; 83: S119–S122 9. Freedman BI, Sedor JR. Hypertension-associated kidney disease: perhaps no more. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 2047–2051 10. Moosa MR, Kidd M. The dangers of rationing dialysis treatment: the dilemma facing a developing country. Kidney Int 2006; 70: 1107–1114 11. Eastwood JB, Conroy RE, Naicker S et al. Loss of health professionals from sub-Saharan Africa: the pivotal role of the UK. Lancet 2005; 365: 1893–1900
A Formal Definition of Data Quality Problems

: The exploration of data to extract information or knowledge to support decision making is a critical success factor for an organization in today’s society. However, several problems can affect data quality. These problems have a negative effect in the results extracted from data, affecting their usefulness and correctness. In this context, it is quite important to know and understand the data problems. This paper presents a taxonomy of data quality problems, organizing them by granularity levels of occurrence. A formal definition is presented for each problem included. The taxonomy provides rigorous definitions, which are information-richer than the textual definitions used in previous works. These definitions are useful to the development of a data quality tool that automatically detects the identified problems.
Separation of saliency information for speed sensorless detection of induction machines flux and rotor position

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an effective method to eliminate or substantially reduce the modulation harmonics due to saturation and inter‐modulation for sensorless speed control induction motor drives at low and zero speed with high loads using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the separation of the saturation signal, the slotting signal, and the inter‐modulation signal components in squirrel cage induction machines operating at low and zero frequency using ANNs has been experimentally implemented and measurement results are given.Findings – The measurement results show the advantages of the application of the proposed technique at low and zero speed sensorless control even at high load levels.Originality/value – The paper describes an effective method of eliminating or reducing modulation harmonics in induction motor drives.
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

Driven by an expected $15–100 billion market, the race to produce in-vehicle information system (IVIS) functions has begun. Although IVIS functions may increase productivity, satisfaction and safety, they may also undermine safety and annoy drivers. Developing IVIS design strategies that minimize driver distraction is a critical challenge in developing successful IVIS functions. Several approaches have been developed to address this challenge. Interference mitigation has been the historical approach to IVIS research. More recently, workload management has emerged as an approach that may mitigate distraction by monitoring and managing the varying demands of driving and IVIS interaction. This paper presents attention grounding as a novel approach that complements previous efforts. Attention grounding uses the concepts of collaborative communication, grounding and dynamical systems theory to address the shortcomings of current approaches. IVIS interaction is considered a collaborative process that is supported with back-channel cues, rather than a series of discrete commands with no consideration of inevitable errors. Back-channel communication augments these commands to develop a shared awareness of the driver, roadway and IVIS state. Attention grounding considers the driver as an active participant in choosing when and how to use the IVIS, rather than assuming the driver’s workload must be managed. This conceptualization highlights the role of dynamic changes in attention, such as attentional withdrawal and cognitive tunnelling as causes of distraction, rather than considering only mental overload. Together, these considerations provide a complementary approach to how IVIS might be designed to enhance ease of use and safety.
Differences in set statistics between wheelchair and conventional tennis on different types of surfaces and by gender

The aim of the present study was to analyse the differences in match statistics between conventional tennis (CT) and wheelchair tennis (WT) on different surfaces by gender. Data from 220 sets (127 sets of CT and 93 of WT) from three of the 2014 Grand Slams (Australian Open (AO), Roland Garros (RG), and US Open (UO)) were analysed. The variables related to match, serve, and return were studied in relation to the modality of the match (CT or WT) and type of surface (AO, RG, or UO). Data were collected from the official website of each tournament. A univariate (Mann Whitney U) analysis of data was done to analyse the differences between modalities and types of surface. The results showed that CT players had better serve performances than WT players. However, WT players had better performances in the return than CT players. The values between CT and WT for female players were more similar than male players. Regarding court surface, players of CT had more differences in game statistics than WT for both genders. These values could be used as a reference for peak performance players’ practices and competitions as well as to aid in the understanding of the differences between modalities.
Association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gut Microbiota

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. It is difficult to treat PCOS because of its complex etiology and pathogenesis. Here, we characterized the roles of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis and treatments in letrozole (a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor) induced PCOS rat model. Changes in estrous cycles, hormonal levels, ovarian morphology and gut microbiota by PCR-DGGE and real-time PCR were determined. The results showed that PCOS rats displayed abnormal estrous cycles with increasing androgen biosynthesis and exhibited multiple large cysts with diminished granulosa layers in ovarian tissues. Meanwhile, the composition of gut microbiota in letrozole-treated rats was different from that in the controls. Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus and Clostridium were lower while Prevotella was higher in PCOS rats when compared with control rats. After treating PCOS rats with Lactobacillus and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy rats, it was found that the estrous cycles were improved in all 8 rats in FMT group, and in 6 of the 8 rats in Lactobacillus transplantation group with decreasing androgen biosynthesis. Their ovarian morphologies normalized. The composition of gut microbiota restored in both FMT and Lactobacillus treated groups with increasing of Lactobacillus and Clostridium, and decreasing of Prevotella. These results indicated that dysbiosis of gut microbiota was associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS. Microbiota interventions through FMT and Lactobacillus transplantation were beneficial for the treatments of PCOS rats.
Design and analysis of a general recurrent neural network model for time-varying matrix inversion

Following the idea of using first-order time derivatives, this paper presents a general recurrent neural network (RNN) model for online inversion of time-varying matrices. Different kinds of activation functions are investigated to guarantee the global exponential convergence of the neural model to the exact inverse of a given time-varying matrix. The robustness of the proposed neural model is also studied with respect to different activation functions and various implementation errors. Simulation results, including the application to kinematic control of redundant manipulators, substantiate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the efficacy of the neural model on time-varying matrix inversion, especially when using a power-sigmoid activation function.
El Test de Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test): Una Revisión Metodológica

espanolLos modelos de cognicion social implicita han hecho importantes aportes metodologicos a la investigacion psicologica. Sobre la base de estos enfoques se han desarrollado las llamadas medidas “indirectas”, cuyo ejemplo mas representativo es el Test de Asociaciones Implicitas (IAT). Este trabajo se propone realizar una revision del IAT atendiendo especialmente a las criticas recibidas en relacion con su validez. Se analizan distintos problemas sobre su estructura interna, la naturaleza de los procesos subyacentes a las respuestas, y los posibles efectos contaminantes de otras variables. En cada caso, se realizan recomendaciones para su construccion y aplicacion. Se espera que este trabajo incentive el uso adecuado del IAT en los paises de habla hispana, donde el procedimiento se encuentra aun escasamente difundido. EnglishImplicit social cognition models gave relevant methodological inputs to psychological research. On the basis of these models the so called indirect measures have been developed, being the most representative of them the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The present paper is a revision of the research about the IAT, specially about the critics made of its validity. The paper analyzes different problems regarding its internal structure, the nature of the underlying processes, and the possible effects of confounding variables. Recommendations for the IAT construction and application are given. It is expected that this revision stimulate the correct use of the IAT in Spanish speaking countries where this procedure is scarcely spread.
Numerical simulation of SAR induced around Co‐Cr‐Mo hip prostheses in situ exposed to RF fields associated with 1.5 and 3 T MRI body coils

When patients with metallic prosthetic implants undergo an MR procedure, the interaction between the RF field and the prosthetic device may lead to an increase in specific absorption rate (SAR) in tissues surrounding the prosthesis. In this work, the distribution of SAR10g around bilateral CoCrMo alloy hip prostheses in situ in anatomically realistic voxel models of an adult male and female due to RF fields from a generic birdcage coil driven at 64 or 128 MHz are predicted using a time‐domain finite integration technique. Results indicate that the spatial distribution and maximum values of SAR10g are dependent on body model, frequency, and the position of the coil relative to the body. Enhancement of SAR10g close to the extremities of a prosthesis is predicted. Values of SAR10g close to the prostheses are compliant with recommended limits if the prostheses are located outside the coil. However, caution is required when the prostheses are within the coil since the predicted SAR10g close to an extremity of a prosthesis exceeds recommended limits when the whole body averaged SAR is 2 W kg−1. Compliance with recommended limits is likely to require a reduction in the time averaged input power. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Techniques and Tradeoffs for Incorporating Cost- and Time-Saving Measures into International Arbitration Agreements

Empirical research reveals that users of international arbitration view undue time and cost as international arbitration’s worst attributes. This article offers some potential solutions to combat this increasing dissatisfaction, focusing on a prophylactic approach in which parties are encouraged to negotiate and incorporate cost- and time-saving measures directly into the arbitration clause of their underlying contract. In the early stages of a commercial relationship, parties operate behind a ‘veil of ignorance’, a concept derived from modern social philosophy in which members of a nascent society are prevented from knowing what position they will occupy in that society. Without the knowledge of how the future society’s rules and policies might affect them personally, each participant will be naturally inclined to promote, agree to, and implement rules and policies that are fair and advantageous to all. Likewise, if parties to a nascent commercial relationship address cost- and time-saving techniques during the earliest stages of that relationship, they will be incentivized to agree to a dispute resolution framework that reduces time and costs more effectively than if they sought to implement those measures after a dispute has arisen. This article discusses several suggested measures designed to increase the economy and efficiency of international arbitration, along with a discussion of the respective tradeoffs and practical limitations of including those measures in the parties’ arbitration agreement.
CORBA benchmarking: a course with hidden obstacles

Numerous projects have evaluated the performance of CORBA middleware over the past decade. Interestingly, many of the published results are either gathered or analyzed imprecisely. We point out common causes of such imprecision related to the gathering of timing information and the effects of warm-up, randomization, cross talk and delayed or hidden functionality, and demonstrate their impact on the results of the evaluation. We also present suggestions related to reporting the results in a manner that is more relevant to the evaluation.
Astragalus Polysaccharide Suppresses 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China for a variety of conditions, including inflammatory and neural diseases. Astragalus polysaccharides are shown to reduce the adverse effect of levodopa which is used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neuroprotective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides per se in PD is lacking. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we investigated the protective effect of astragalan, an acidic polysaccharide isolated from A. membranaceus, against the neurotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin that can induce parkinsonism. We show that 6-OHDA is able to degenerate dopaminergic neurons and lead to the deficiency of food-sensing behavior and a shorter lifespan in C. elegans. Interestingly, these degenerative symptoms can be attenuated by astragalan treatment. Astragalan is also shown to alleviate oxidative stress through reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce the expression of proapoptotic gene egl-1 in 6-OHDA-intoxicated nematodes. Further studies reveal that astragalan is capable of elevating the decreased acetylcholinesterase activity induced by 6-OHDA. Together, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of astragalan against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity is likely due to the alleviation of oxidative stress and regulation of apoptosis pathway and cholinergic system and thus provide an important insight into the therapeutic potential of Astragalus polysaccharide in neurodegeneration.
Compressive Sampling of Ensembles of Correlated Signals

We propose several sampling architectures for the efficient acquisition of an ensemble of correlated signals. We show that without prior knowledge of the correlation structure, each of our architectures (under different sets of assumptions) can acquire the ensemble at a sub-Nyquist rate. Prior to sampling, the analog signals are diversified using simple, implementable components. The diversification is achieved by injecting types of “structured randomness” into the ensemble, the result of which is subsampled. For reconstruction, the ensemble is modeled as a low-rank matrix that we have observed through an (undetermined) set of linear equations. Our main results show that this matrix can be recovered using a convex program when the total number of samples is on the order of the intrinsic degree of freedom of the ensemble — the more heavily correlated the ensemble, the fewer samples are needed. To motivate this study, we discuss how such ensembles arise in the context of array processing.
Nontrivial Solutions for Nonlinear Higher Order Multi-Point Boundary Value Problem on Time Scales with All Derivatives

In this paper, we consider the existence of nontrivial solutions for nonlinear higher order multi-point boundary value problem on time scales with all derivatives. In the case where a nonlinearity may change sign and contains all derivatives, several sufficient conditions for the existence of nontrivial solution are obtained by using Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative under certain growth conditions on the nonlinearity. As an application, some examples to demonstrate our results are given.
Association Between Maternal Chronic Conditions and Congenital Heart Defects: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Background— This study quantifies the association between maternal medical conditions/illnesses and congenital heart defects (CHDs) among infants. Methods and Results— We carried out a population-based study of all mother-infant pairs (n=2 278 838) in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2002 to 2010 using data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. CHDs among infants were classified phenotypically through a hierarchical grouping of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada codes. Maternal conditions such as multifetal pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and congenital heart disease were defined by use of diagnosis codes. The association between maternal conditions and CHDs and its subtypes was modeled using logistic regression with adjustment for maternal age, parity, residence, and other factors. There were 26 488 infants diagnosed with CHDs at birth or at rehospitalization in infancy; the overall CHD prevalence was 116.2 per 10 000 live births, of which the severe CHD rate was 22.3 per 10 000. Risk factors for CHD included maternal age ≥40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–1.58), multifetal pregnancy (aOR, 4.53; 95% CI, 4.28–4.80), diabetes mellitus (type 1: aOR, 4.65; 95% CI, 4.13–5.24; type 2: aOR, 4.12; 95% CI, 3.69–4.60), hypertension (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.61–2.03), thyroid disorders (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.26–1.67), congenital heart disease (aOR, 9.92; 95% CI, 8.36–11.8), systemic connective tissue disorders (aOR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.23–4.06), and epilepsy and mood disorders (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16–1.72). Specific CHD subtypes were associated with different maternal risk factors. Conclusions— Several chronic maternal medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and congenital heart disease, confer an increased risk of CHD in the offspring.
Authoritarian regime stabilization through legitimation, popular co-optation, and exclusion: Russian pasportizatsiya strategies in Crimea

ABSTRACT In the spring of 2014, Russian authorities distributed, rapidly and on mass, Russian passports to their newly and controversially acquired citizens within Crimea. This passport distribution strategy, or pasportizatsiya, can be seen as a continuation of the Soviet practice which was conducted to spatially control a population. In focusing on the most contemporary instance of this practice, this paper asks: how and why did pasportizatsiya take place in Crimea? The research involved a processed-focused empirical data collection, consisting of interviews conducted with Crimeans and NGO representatives. The article finds that distribution of Russian passports to Ukrainian citizens in Crimea provided the Russian Federation with a regime stabilization mechanism, through the population within their new and controversially acquired territorial borders.