Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Portraying Psychologically and Emotionally Complex Standardized Patient Roles

Background: The use of standardized patients (SPs) to portray emotionally intense roles has stimulated inquiry into the effects such roles might have on the actors. Purpose: Our study endeavored to obtain a rich description of the consequences of highly affective psychiatric roles on SPs. We wanted to find out what conditions made these consequences worse or better and what countermeasures, if any, SPs had evolved to address the effects of case simulation. Methods: In a pilot phase, 16 SPs completed a survey exploring the extent to which they were affected by playing emotionally intense roles. Based on these surveys, questions were developed for subsequent focus groups examining these effects. Four focus groups of 9 SPs each (N = 36) were taped, transcribed, and coded by 2 independent raters. Results: In the pilot survey, 11 of 16 SPs (69%) described residual psychophysiological effects. In the focus groups, all SPs reported some effect of portraying emotional roles, sometimes lasting several days. Severa.
When the media matter for politics: Partisan moderators of the mass media’s agenda-setting influence on parliament in Belgium

In this study, we investigate which factors moderate the agenda-setting influence of the mass media on the Belgian parliament during the period 1993—2000. Based on elaborate codings of the media, parliamentary questions and interpellations, party manifestos, government agreements and ministerial meetings, we employ a multi-level time-series model. The results indicate that especially party characteristics (party size, incumbent or opposition party, issue ownership) and the government agenda influence the dependency of parliament on media coverage. Furthermore, we find an increase in the extent of media influence through time, suggesting an increasing presence of ‘media logic’ in the behaviour of Belgian MPs. Irrespective of all those contingent factors, the mass media determine the Belgian parliamentary agenda to a considerable degree.
Exponentiated gradient algorithms for log-linear structured prediction

Conditional log-linear models are a commonly used method for structured prediction. Efficient learning of parameters in these models is therefore an important problem. This paper describes an exponentiated gradient (EG) algorithm for training such models. EG is applied to the convex dual of the maximum likelihood objective; this results in both sequential and parallel update algorithms, where in the sequential algorithm parameters are updated in an online fashion. We provide a convergence proof for both algorithms. Our analysis also simplifies previous results on EG for max-margin models, and leads to a tighter bound on convergence rates. Experiments on a large-scale parsing task show that the proposed algorithm converges much faster than conjugate-gradient and L-BFGS approaches both in terms of optimization objective and test error.
Criminal Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one can perform successfully at a given task or endeavor. Previous research indicates that self-efficacy in relation to conventional pursuits (e.g., performance in school) is associated with positive social adjustment. However, the possibility that individuals may develop self-efficacy in relation to nonconventional pursuits—including crime and delinquency—remains largely unexplored. In this study, the authors adopt a multimethod approach to explore (a) offenders’ personal judgments regarding their level of effectiveness or “success” at crime, (b) the factors that contribute to high criminal self-efficacy, and (c) the impact of self-efficacy judgments on offenders’ future intentions. Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal that many offenders maintain a strong sense of criminal efficacy despite past arrests, convictions, and incarceration. Moreover, criminal self-efficacy tends to reduce their intentions to desist from crime. Implications for punishment, deterrence, and criminological theory are discussed.
White Matter Changes in Patients with Friedreich Ataxia after Treatment with Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO) has received growing attention because of its neuroregenerative properties. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports its therapeutic potential in brain conditions like stroke, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia. Also, in Friedreich ataxia, clinical improvement after EPO therapy was shown. The aim of this study was to assess possible therapy‐associated brain white matter changes in these patients.
DeEvA, a Depot of Evolving Avatars

This paper introduces the DeEvA platform for the gener- ation of virtual characters. The platform generates virtual characters using personality traits as input. The generation process is conceived to generate characters whose physical appearance responds to people's expectations. Characters generated using the platform can be used as believable Embodied Conversational Agents in interactive applications. The platform uses a combination of crowdsourcing techniques: Reverse Correlation and Interactive Genetic Algorithms. This paper describes the method as well as three working examples.
Practical approach to management of retinoblastoma.

OBJECTIVE To present a simplified approach to management of retinoblastoma using basic clinical features. DESIGN In a prospective, nonrandomized, single-center clinical trial, 158 eyes of 103 patients with retinoblastoma were managed with 6 cycles of chemoreduction (vincristine sulfate, etoposide, and carboplatin). The eyes were classified according to the Reese-Ellsworth classification and were also grouped on the basis of clinical features as follows: group 1, tumor only; group 2, tumor plus subretinal fluid; group 3, tumor plus focal seeds (3a, focal subretinal seeds; 3b, focal vitreous seeds); group 4, tumor plus diffuse seeds (4a, diffuse subretinal seeds; 4b, diffuse vitreous seeds); and group 5, neovascular glaucoma or invasive retinoblastoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Treatment success (avoidance of enucleation and external beam radiotherapy). RESULTS According to the Reese-Ellsworth classification, chemoreduction was successful in 100% of group Ia, 100% of group Ib, 86% of group IIa, 100% of group IIb, 91% of group IIIa, 100% of group IIIb, 50% of group IVa, 77% of group IVb, 50% of group Va, and 27% of group Vb. There was erratic correlation of the Reese-Ellsworth classification with treatment success. In contrast, the simplified grouping system displayed a smooth, nonerratic correlation for treatment success, with 100% success for group 1, 91% for group 2, 59% for group 3, and 12% for group 4 (group 5 always managed by primary enucleation). When all 6 subcategory groups were analyzed, there was consistent correlation for treatment success of 100% for group 1, 91% for group 2, 68% for group 3a, 54% for group 3b, 17% for group 4a, and 11% for group 4b. CONCLUSION This practical approach to retinoblastoma using basic clinical features is predictive of treatment success for eyes in which modern conservative therapy for retinoblastoma is used.
Comparing the Effects of Rest and Massage on Return to Homeostasis Following Submaximal Aerobic Exercise: a Case Study

Introduction Postexercise massage can be used to help promote recovery from exercise on the cellular level, as well as systemically by increasing parasympathetic activity. No studies to date have been done to assess the effects of massage on postexercise metabolic changes, including excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of massage recovery and resting recovery on a subject’s heart rate variability and selected metabolic effects following a submaximal treadmill exercise session. Methods One healthy 24-year-old female subject performed 30 minutes of submaximal treadmill exercise prior to resting or massage recovery sessions. Metabolic data were collected throughout the exercise sessions and at three 10 minute intervals postexercise. Heart rate variability was evaluated for 10 minutes after each of two 30-minute recovery sessions, either resting or massage. Results Heart rate returned to below resting levels (73 bpm) with 30 and 60 minutes of massage recovery (72 bpm and 63 bpm, respectively) compared to 30 and 60 minutes of resting recovery (77 bpm and 74 bpm, respectively). Heart rate variability data showed a more immediate shift to the parasympathetic state following 30 minutes of massage (1.152 LF/HF ratio) versus the 30-minute resting recovery (6.91 LF/HF ratio). It took 60 minutes of resting recovery to reach similar heart rate variability levels (1.216 LF/HF) found after 30 minutes of massage. Ventilations after 30 minutes of massage recovery averaged 7.1 bpm compared to 17.9 bpm after 30 minutes of resting recovery. Conclusions No differences in EPOC were observed through either the resting or massage recovery based on the metabolic data collected. Massage was used to help the subject shift into parasympathetic activity more quickly than rest alone following a submaximal exercise session.
Digital natives and digital immigrants: getting to know each other

Purpose – This paper aims to review characteristics associated with digital natives and digital immigrants and explores selected research studies related to information and communication technology. Some of the challenges facing the twenty‐first century in training and developing our future workforce are explored, along with the differences between generations that contribute to their personal learning and instructional styles.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature is combined with the authors' experience and the reporting of a survey on generational differences regarding perceived usefulness of technology in training programs.Findings – A new digital language is evolving and is increasingly prevalent with technical savvy individuals as a normal means of communication, creating a communication lull between generations affecting both the digital natives and digital immigrants. This communication barrier extends beyond the casual day‐to‐day endeavors but reaches into learning environments.
International Capital Asset Pricing: Evidence from Options

We study the risk dynamics and pricing in international economies through a joint analysis of the time-series returns and option prices on three equity indexes underlying three economies: the S&P 500 Index of the United States, the FTSE 100 Index of the United Kingdom, and the Nikkei-225 Stock Average of Japan. We develop an international capital asset pricing model, under which the return on each equity index is decomposed into two orthogonal jump-diffusion components: a global component and a country-specific component. We apply separate stochastic time changes to the two components so that stochastic volatility can come from both global and country-specific risks. For each economy, we assign separate market prices for the two return risk components and the two volatility risk components. Under this specification, we obtain tractable option pricing solutions. Model estimation reveals several interesting insights. First, global and country-specific return and volatility risks show different dynamics. Global return movements contain a larger discontinuous component, and global return volatility is more persistent than the country-specific counterparts. Second, investors charge positive prices for global return risk and negative prices for volatility risk, suggesting that investors are willing to pay positive premiums to hedge against downside global return movements and upside volatility movements. Third, the three economies contain different risk profiles and also price risks differently. Japan contains the largest idiosyncratic risk component and smallest global risk component. Investors in the Japanese market also price more heavily against future volatility increases than against future market downfalls.
Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance

Framing is the process by which a communication source, such as a news organization, defines and constructs a political issue or public controversy. Two experiments examined the effect of news frames on tolerance for the Ku Klux Klan. The first presented research participants with one of two local news stories about a Klan rally that varied by frame: One framed the rally as a free speech issue, and the other framed it as a disruption of public order. Participants who viewed the free speech story expressed more tolerance for the Klan than participants who watched the public order story. Additional data indicate that frames affect tolerance by altering the perceived importance of public order values. The relative accessibility of free speech and public order concepts did not respond to framing. A second experiment used a simulated electronic news service to present different frames and replicated these findings.
Attitudes Toward Bisexual Women and Men

Abstract This article describes research on attitudes toward bisexual women and men. The authors describe types of attitudes toward bisexual individuals in terms of heterosexism, questions of authenticity, focus on sexuality, concerns about loyalty, and positive attitudes. Empirical research pertaining to these attitudes is summarized, and the results of survey, psychometric, experimental, and analogue studies are described. Recommendations for future research on attitudes regarding bisexuality are identified in the areas of conceptualization and measurement of attitudes, attitudes in communities and interpersonal relationships, and interventions designed to change attitudes. The authors conclude by discussing ways in which research on attitudes toward bisexual women and men can benefit from and extend knowledge gained through research on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.
The Red Effect, Anxiety, and Exam Performance

Laboratory studies have established a negative relationship between the color red and academic performance. This research examined whether this effect would generalize to classroom performance and whether anxiety and negative affect might mediate the effect. In two studies, students taking classroom exams were randomly assigned an exam color. We found no significant effects for color on performance or expected performance and no evidence supporting a significant link between red and either anxiety or affect. We found no significant moderation effects for perceived exam difficulty, actual item difficulty, or anxiety. These results suggest that the color effects may account for only 2–4% of the variance in exam performance. Nevertheless, small effects may have large-scale implications across time. We provide recommendations for research and teaching practice.
Power of Alternative Fit Indices for Multiple Group Longitudinal Tests of Measurement Invariance

Measurement invariance testing with confirmatory factor analysis has a long history in social science research, and more recently has increased use and popularity. The current paper begins by reviewing the steps for measurement invariance testing via multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, and synthesizing previous research recommendations for model testing, including the chi-square difference test, and examining change in model fit indices. Previous research on measurement invariance testing has examined change in alternative fit indices such as the CFI, T LI, RMSEA, and SRMR, but these studies had not examined power to detect invariance when more than two groups exist and multiple time points are present. The present study implemented a Monte Carlo simulation to examine the power of change in alternative fit indices to detect two types of measurement invariance, weak and strong, across a variety of manipulated study conditions including sample size, sample size ratio, lack of invariance, location of noninvariance, magnitude of noninvariance, and type of mixed study design.
PRENATAL DENTAL CARE: EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND DENTISTS IN THE CITIES OF LONDRINA/PR AND BAURU/SP, BRAZIL, 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the current knowledge and recommendations of obstetricians and dentists as to the dental care to pregnant patients in the cities of Londrina/PR and Bauru/SP, Brazil. Questionnaires were distributed to professionals of both cities, arguing on the following issues: oral health during pregnancy; contact between prenatal care and dental care providers; prenatal fluoride supplementation; selection of therapeutic agents for local anesthesia, pain control and treatment of infection; and dental procedures that can be performed during each trimester. Data were analyzed by frequency of responses and statistical analyses were carried out using X2 (type of workplace/service) and t test (time since graduation), significant if p<0.05. Seventy-nine obstetricians and 37 dentists responded the questionnaires. Most physicians referred the patient to dental care only when a source of dental problem was mentioned, limiting the adoption of a preventive approach. Forty-three percent of dentists and 34% of obstetricians did not know the potential contribution of periodontal infection as a risk factor for preterm low birth-weight babies. There was divergence from scientific literature as to the recommendation of local anesthetics (dentists and obstetricians), prenatal fluoride supplementation (obstetricians) and dental radiographs (dentists). The findings of this survey with dentists and obstetricians showed that dental management during pregnancy still presents some deviations from scientific literature recommendations, indicating the need to update these health care professionals in order to establish guidelines for prenatal dental care.
The mass function of dark matter haloes

We combine data from a number of N-body simulations to predict the abundance of dark haloes in cold dark matter (CDM) universes over more than four orders of magnitude in mass. A comparison of different simulations suggests that the dominant uncertainty in our results is systematic and is smaller than 10–30 per cent at all masses, depending on the halo definition used. In particular, our 'Hubble volume' simulations of τCDM and ΛCDM cosmologies allow the abundance of massive clusters to be predicted with uncertainties well below those expected in all currently planned observational surveys. We show that for a range of CDM cosmologies and for a suitable halo definition, the simulated mass function is almost independent of epoch, of cosmological parameters and of the initial power spectrum when expressed in appropriate variables. This universality is of exactly the kind predicted by the familiar Press–Schechter model, although this model predicts a mass function shape that differs from our numerical results, overestimating the abundance of 'typical' haloes and underestimating that of massive systems.
Clinicopathological significance of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphocytes and lymphocyte score based on the histologic subtypes of cutaneous melanoma

The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is a favorable prognostic factor in cutaneous melanoma, but their clinicopathological significance in the intratumoral compartment compared to the peritumoral compartment is unclear. We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and lymphocyte score in intra- and peritumoral compartments in 177 Korean patients who had undergone surgical excision of cutaneous melanoma. No significant correlation was observed between various clinicopathologic factors and the presence of intratumoral lymphocytes. However, high peritumoral lymphocyte scores were associated with lower Clark levels (P = 0.001), shallower Breslow thicknesses (P = 0.006), and fewer mitotic counts (P = 0.01) than tumors with lower scores. There was a trend for longer disease-free survival in cases with peritumoral lymphocytes (P = 0.07) than those without peritumoral lymphocytes. In patients with acral lentiginous melanoma, a strong association between a high peritumoral lymphocyte score and shallow Clark level was apparent (P = 0.03), and the presence of peritumoral lymphocytes (P = 0.02) and a high intratumoral lymphocyte score (P = 0.04) was also associated with longer disease-free survival. Particularly, low intratumoral lymphocyte score remarkably affected tumor recurrence and distant metastasis in a multivariate analysis using Cox regression test (H.R. = 0.304, 95% C.I. = 0.078–1.185, P = 0.09). Thus, the presence of lymphocytes and high lymphocyte scores in the intratumoral and peritumoral compartments are valid prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma.
Behcet's syndrome in nonendemic regions

Purpose of review Behcet's syndrome is more common in certain geographic regions, however, can be seen outside of these areas and need to be included in the differential diagnosis of many patients, as it has overlapping features with many rheumatologic conditions. Recent findings Especially in regions with immigrant populations, there seem to be similarities to originating countries in Behcet's prevalence, but the syndrome is not limited to those from certain backgrounds and can be seen in others also. There is emerging evidence that even though the prevalence of Behcet's may be similar to that of endemic areas, in nonendemic regions the condition may be less severe, suggesting potential environment agents in determining the severity of the disease. In addition, women seem to be overrepresented in nonendemic areas and may explain part of the reason for less severe symptoms, as Behcet's tends to be more severe in men. Summary The somewhat different presentation of Behcet's syndrome in nonendemic areas needs to be considered when thinking about Behcet's in the differential diagnosis of patients. Research into potentially less severe form of the disease in nonendemic areas may provide new clues to the pathogenesis of this condition.
Can I Make my Own Decision? A Cross-Cultural Study of Perceived Social Network Influence in Mate Selection

Two studies examined the comparative influence of network members on one's intention to marry and relational commitment among 616 college students in both China and the United States. Compared with U.S. participants, Chinese students believed that their dating partners would meet their filial piety beliefs, that such beliefs were more important in their potential decision to marrying their dating partners, and that they were more likely to comply with network members regarding the decision to marry. Network influence predicted Chinese marital intentions and relationship commitment, whereas relationship length and beliefs about support, care, living a better life, and network influence predicted U.S. participants' marital intentions and/or relationship commitment.