Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Riveting Process on Sheets Fatigue Life – the Stress State Analysis

The paper deals with estimation of a stress concentration factor in the hole area during tensile loading. The load carrying capacity and fatigue performance of sheet samples (made of 2024 aluminium alloy) with open and riveted holes are compared. Tests confirm the insignificant influence of riveting on ultimate strength, however, it strongly affects fatigue life. The material cold working around the hole causes a decrease in maximum principal stress values as well as stress concentration moves away a few millimetres (about half a rivet radius length) from the hole. During tensile loading the maximum stress values increase slower around the riveted hole than at the open one and consequently in the former case the yield stress is achieved later.
Targeting of Both the c-Met and EGFR Pathways Results in Additive Inhibition of Lung Tumorigenesis in Transgenic Mice

EGFR and c-Met are both overexpressed in lung cancer and initiate similar downstream signaling, which may be redundant. To determine how frequently ligands that initiate signaling of both pathways are found in lung cancer, we analyzed serum for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-alpha, and amphiregulin (AREG) in lung cancer cases and tobacco-exposed controls. HGF and AREG were both significantly elevated in cases compared to controls, suggesting that both HGF/c-Met and AREG/EGFR pathways are frequently active. When both HGF and AREG are present in vitro, downstream signaling to MAPK and Akt in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells can only be completely inhibited by targeting both pathways. To test if dual blockade of the pathways could better suppress lung tumorigenesis in an animal model than single blockade, mice transgenic for airway expression of human HGF were treated with inhibitors of both pathways alone and in combination after exposure to a tobacco carcinogen. Mean tumor number in the group using both the HGF neutralizing antibody L2G7 and the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib was significantly lower than with single agents. A higher tumor K-ras mutation rate was observed with L2G7 alone compared to controls, suggesting that agents targeting HGF may be less effective against mutated K-ras lung tumors. This was not observed with combination treatment. A small molecule c-Met inhibitor decreased formation of both K-ras wild-type and mutant tumors and showed additive anti-tumor effects when combined with gefitinib. Dual targeting of c-Met/EGFR may have clinical benefit for lung cancer.
The International Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate

About the Editors. List of Contributors. Introduction (C. Cooper, et al.). CONCEPTUAL ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES (P. Earley). Organizational Culture: A Sociological Perspective (R. Goffee & G. Jones). Time Flies Like an Arrow: Tracing Antecedents and Consequences of Temporal Elements of Organizational Culture (M. Zellmer--Bruhn, et al.). Multinational Groups and the Structuration of Organizational Culture: a Sociological Perspective (C. Butler & P. Earley). ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH METHODS (P. Sparrow). Developing Diagnostics for High Performance Organization Cultures (P. Sparrow). A Three Dimensional Framework for Analyzing and Assessing Culture/Climate and its Relevance to Culturale Change (R. Payne). Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Analysis of Organizational Culture (K. Davey & G. Symon). Cultural Complexity in Organizations: The Value and Limitations of Qualitative Methodology and Approaches (S. Sackmann). Assessment of Cultures: A Way to Problem Solving or a Way to Problematic Solutions? (I. Smit). CULTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS (J. Chatman). Modeling Organizational Culture: Demography and Influence Networks (J. Harrison & G. Carroll). Economics and Corporate Culture (B. Hermalin). Strong Cultures and Innovation: Oxymoron or Opportunity? (F. Flynn & J. Chatman). Does Culture Always Flow Downstream? Linking Group Consensus and Organizational Culture (E. Mannix, et al.). CULTURE AND CHANGE (T. Cummings). Culture Change in the Strategic Enterprise: Lessons from the Field (D. Nadler, et al.). Working with Cultures: Social Rules Perspective (C. Lundberg). Organizational Culture: Can it be a Key Lever for Driving Organizational Change? (D. Denison). CULTURE: THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION (N. Holden). The Modes of Social Relation in Japanese Management Practice (C. Tackney). Stereotyping in International Business (A. Zarkada--Fraser). Management Change in Central and Eastern Europe (K. Gilbert). Managing Globalization: Constructivist Perspective (N. Holden & D. Salskov--Iversen). Direct/Indirect and Formal/Informal Communication: A Re--assessment (M.--T. Claes). Intercultural Issues in Management and Business: The Interdisciplinary Challenge (G. Fink & W. Mayrhofer). Towards an Innovation Culture: What are its National, Corporate, Marketing and Engineering Aspects, Some Experimental Evidence (J. Ulijin & M. Weggeman). THE FUTURE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES (W. Starbuck). Where are Organizational Cultures Going? (P. Baumard & W. Starbuck). Collaborative Insight or Privacy Invasion? Trust Climate as a Lens for Understanding Acceptance of Awareness Systems (D. McKnight & J. Webster). In Diversity is There Strength? Ruminations on Changing Faces in Business (N. Pant & K. Singh). Culture in--the--Making in Telework Settings (R. Dunbar & R. Garud). Organizational Culture and Imaginary Organizations (B. Hedberg & C. Maravelias). Author Index. Subject Index.
Analyzing Art, Culture, and Design in the Digital Age

As computer-driven display technology becomes more powerful and accessible, the online, virtual art gallery may provide a new platform for artists to exhibit their work. Virtual exhibits may afford opportunities for both the artist and the patron to display, view and perhaps purchase various digital art forms. The aim of this paper is to examine user interaction with digital artworks inside a virtual gallery space. We use a range of criteria to describe conditions for both the designer and the user of such a virtual display system. The paper describes a number of experiments where users interacted with a virtual art gallery and were then extensively interviewed and surveyed. Measures of what Manovich (2002) describes as ‘immersion’ and what Slater et al (1994) would term ‘presence’ are observed in relation to the user experience. The gallery is a three-dimensional graphic digital construction built in Second Life. The experiment aimed to describe and delineate the user’s perception and navigation of space and compares their perception of art objects in the virtual environment to digital objects in a ‘real world’ gallery. The data collected in this study provide the basis for a discussion of how users may perceive and navigate virtual objects and spaces in an online environment such as a game or art gallery. The results may be of use to those designing interactive three-dimensional environments.
Sketching unaggregated data streams for subpopulation-size queries

IP packet streams consist of multiple interleaving IP flows. Statistical summaries of these streams, collected for different measurement periods, are used for characterization of traffic, billing, anomaly detection, inferring traffic demands, configuring packet filters and routing protocols, and more. While queries are posed over the set of flows, the summarization algorithmis applied to the stream of packets. Aggregation of traffic into flows before summarization requires storage of per-flow counters, which is often infeasible. Therefore, the summary has to be produced over the unaggregated stream. An important aggregate performed over a summary is to approximate the size of a subpopulation of flows that is specified a posteriori. For example, flows belonging to an application such as Web or DNS or flows that originate from a certain Autonomous System. We design efficient streaming algorithms that summarize unaggregated streams and provide corresponding unbiased estimators for subpopulation sizes. Our summaries outperform, in terms of estimates accuracy, those produced by packet sampling deployed by Cisco's sampled NetFlow, the most widely deployed such system. Performance of our best method, step sample-and-hold is close to that of summaries that can be obtainedfrom pre-aggregated traffic.
Are Cattell—Horn—Carroll Broad Ability Composite Scores Exchangeable Across Batteries?

Abstract Many school psychologists use the Cattell—Horn—Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities to guide their interpretation of scores from intelligence test batteries. Some may frequently assume that composite scores purported to measure the same CHC broad abilities should be relatively similar for individuals no matter what subtests or batteries were administered to obtain these scores. This study examined this assumption using six samples of preschool children, school-age children, or adults who completed two or more intelligence test batteries. From these samples, composites measuring the broad abilities Crystallized Intelligence, Visual Processing, Fluid Reasoning, and Processing Speed were compared to examine their exchangeability. Results indicate that most CHC broad ability composites produced scores that were not as exchangeable for individuals as may have been assumed by some. Discussion focuses on the influence of score reliability and on the interaction between examinee characteristics and the tasks used to measure the broad abilities.
Nowhere Better Than Here?: The Subjective Well-Being of German Emigrants and Remigrants

Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, inwieweit sich das subjektive Wohlbefinden von Auswanderern, Nicht-Wanderern und Ruckwanderern unterscheidet. Als wesentliche Aspekte des subjektiven Wohlbefindens wird auf Basis der Daten des European Social Surveys (ESS) die subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit und das Glucksempfinden von in Deutschland und im Ausland lebenden Deutschen mit Hilfe multivariater Regressionsanalysen untersucht. Als wesentlicher Befund zeigt sich, dass deutsche Auswanderer im Schnitt glucklicher und zufriedener sind als in Deutschland verbliebene Deutsche bzw. deutsche Ruckwanderer. Dieses hohere Wohlbefinden ist jedoch nicht durch Unterschiede in der sozio-demographischen oder sozio-okonomischen Struktur der verschiedenen Untersuchungsgruppen begrundet. Vielmehr hangt das vergroserte subjektive Wohlbefinden von Auswanderern vor allem mit psychosozialen Unterschieden bzw. einer im Ausland besseren Einkommensbewertung zusammen.
Transplantation of kidneys harvested from non‐heart‐beating donors: early and long‐term results

Abstract The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate results of non‐heart‐beating donor (NHBD) kidney transplantation. Between Jan 1986 and Dec 1994,80 out of 582 cadaveric kidneys were harvested from NHBD (31.9 min ± 24 after cardiac arrest). The results in the NHBD group (76 recipients) were compared with those obtained after transplantation of kidneys harvested from heart‐beating donors (HBD) with respect to early graft function, and the graft and recipient's survival. Both groups were matched for sex, age, PRA level, number of HLA mismatches, and cold ischemia time. Triple immunosuppression therapy was used in both groups. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was observed significantly more frequently in the NHBD group (50 of 76 recipients vs 33 of 100 in the HBD group). The striking finding of this study was that the occurrence of primary non‐function was the same in both groups and that the main cause of it was acute rejection. The 1‐year patient and graft survival rates were 98.7 % and 81.6 % for the NHBD group and 99 % and 90 % for the HBD group, respectively. There was also no statistical difference in the serum creat‐inine concentration in both groups. We concluded that despite an increased incidence of ATN in the NHBD kidney recipients, the long‐term results are good and comparable with those in the HBD group.
Mouse CD36 Has Opposite Effects on LDL and Oxidized LDL Metabolism In Vivo

Objective—The cluster of differentiation-36 (CD36) is a multifunctional protein which is recognized for its in vitro ability to take up oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in macrophages and is therefore considered atherogenic. It also binds LDL. Our objective was to define the physiological role of CD36 in both native LDL and oxLDL metabolism in mice. Methods and Results—Clearance studies of labeled LDL and oxLDL were conducted in wild-type, CD36 knockout (KO), scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) KO, and SR-BI/CD36 double KO mice. We found that CD36 impedes the disappearance of native LDL and favors that of oxLDL. This was confirmed by association and degradation assays with primary cultures of hepatic cells from wild-type and CD36 KO mice. In addition, our in vivo work indicates that neither SR-BI nor CD36 plays a significant role in cholesteryl esters (CE) selective uptake (SU) from oxLDL, whereas CD36, in absence of SR-BI, can selectively take CE from LDL. Conclusion—Our investigation showed for the first time that CD36 plays a significant role in oxLDL uptake in vivo in the mouse. As CD36 also retards LDL clearance, its atherogenic character may also relate to its negative effect on LDL catabolism.
On the Generalization of Nearest Neighbor Queries 29 October 2001

Nearest neighbor queries on R-trees use a number of pruning techniques to improve the search. We examine three common 1-nearest neighbor pruning strategies and generalize them to k-nearest neighbors. This generalization clears up a number of prior misconceptions. Specifically, we show that the generalization of one pruning technique, referred to as strategy 2, is non-trivial and requires the introduction of a new algorithm we call promise-pruning. In addition, we show that, contrary to other claims, applying this generalized strategy to k-nearest neighbor queries results in a theoretically better search. This discovery is reinforced with empirical results showing the success of promise-pruning on both random and real-world data.
Alteration of contractile function and excitation-contraction coupling in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Myocardial failure in dilated cardiomyopathy may result from subcellular alterations in contractile protein function, excitation-contraction coupling processes, or recovery metabolism. We used isometric force and heat measurements to quantitatively investigate these subcellular systems in intact left ventricular muscle strips from nonfailing human hearts (n = 14) and from hearts with end-stage failing dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 13). In the failing myocardium, peak isometric twitch tension, maximum rate of tension rise, and maximum rate of relaxation were reduced by 46% (p = 0.013), 51% (p = 0.003), and 46% (p = 0.018), respectively (37 degrees C, 60 beats per minute). Tension-dependent heat, reflecting the number of crossbridge interactions during the isometric twitch, was reduced by 61% in the failing myocardium (p = 0.006). In terms of the individual crossbridge cycle, the average crossbridge force-time integral was increased by 33% (p = 0.04) in the failing myocardium. In the nonfailing myocardium, the crossbridge force-time integral was positively correlated with the patient's age (r = 0.86, p less than 0.02), whereas there was no significant correlation with age in the failing group. The amount and rate of excitation-contraction coupling-related heat evolution (tension-independent heat) were reduced by 69% (p = 0.24) and 71% (p = 0.028), respectively, in the failing myocardium, reflecting a considerable decrease in the amount of calcium released and in the rate of calcium removal. The efficiency of the metabolic recovery process, as assessed by the ratio of initial heat to total activity-related heat, was similar in failing and nonfailing myocardium (0.54 +/- 0.03 versus 0.50 +/- 0.02, p = 0.23). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Flat and Uphill Climb Time Trial Performance Prediction in Elite Amateur Cyclists

The aim of this study was to determine physiological, anthropometric, biomechanical and hormonal variables related to road flat and uphill climb performance. Eighteen elite level amateur road cyclists (21.1 +/- 3.8 yrs), homogeneous with regard to time trial performance (coefficient of variation: 2.9-5.2 %), were measured for frontal area (FA), maximal strength, power, cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris muscle and basal serum concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and cortisol (C). Maximal (W (max)) and submaximal workload were measured during a progressive discontinuous maximal cycling laboratory test, and two all-out time trial performance tests (duration range: 1049-1251 s) were also conducted outdoors on two separate days: a 14-km flat road (average gradient of 0.2 %) and a 6.7-km uphill climb (average gradient of 6 %). Significant negative correlations (p < 0.01-0.001) were observed between the individuals' 14-km flat time values and the individual values of W (max) (r = - 0.90) and FA (r = - 0.73). Regression analysis showed that the individual values of the 6.7-km uphill climb trial performance time correlated significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) with those of FT (r = - 0.75) and W (max) x kg (-1) (r = - 0.66). The present results suggest that flat time trial performance in highly elite amateur cyclists is mainly related to absolute maximal workload and anthropometric variables, whereas uphill climb time trial performance is associated with maximal workload normalized to body mass, as well as with an increased anabolic-androgenic activity.
Consumer Attitudes Toward Genetically Modified Foods in Beijing, China

According to a recent survey of attitudes towards biotechnology, Chinese consumers appear to favor the use of biotechnology to grow pest-resistant crops requiring fewer chemicals (Environics International, 1999). In contrast, European and Japanese consumers worry about potential human and environmental effects. As a result of consumer concerns, many processors and retailers do not accept genetically modified (GM) ingredients for their food products in order to maintain consumer confidence. Countries such as Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the European Union alert consumers of genetic modification by labeling food products. More than 160 countries, including China, have signed the 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which includes a labeling requirement for GM products. Although China has had a strong commitment to biotech research since the early 1990s (Gale, Lin, Lomar, & Tuan, 2002), the country has imposed regulations. The Regulation on the Safety Administration of Agricultural GM Organisms (published June 6, 2001) requires all GM products entering China for research, production, or processing have safety certificates from the Chinese agricultural ministry to ensure that they are safe for human consumption, animals, and the environment. As of March 20, 2002, labeling is required by the Chinese agricultural ministrys Regulations on Labeling Agricultural GM Biological Products for all listed GM biological products, including soybean seed, soybeans, soybean powder, soybean oil, soybean dregs, corn seed, corn, corn oil, corn powder, rapeseed, rapeseed dregs, cottonseed, tomato seed, tomato, and tomato sauce. Implementation of these regulations has been widely reported in Chinas state-run media, possibly affecting attitudes towards GM products. Understanding Chinese consumers willingness to accept GM foods and the use of biotechnology in food development will be important to understanding the potential of the Chinese market for GM food products. The paper is organized as follows: first, previous studies of consumer attitudes with respect to food safety and biotechnology and Chinese attitudes towards GM foods are reviewed. Second, survey data and the methodology applied in this study of Beijing consumers are introduced. The empirical analyses of the data follows, where those factors that affect consumers willingness to accept discounts or premiums to purchase GM rice and soybean oil are analyzed, and mean estimates for the willingness to accept discounts or premiums to purchase GM rice and soybean oil are presented. Finally, the major implications of this research are reviewed and concluding statements offered.
Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Nitrogen-Responding Expression of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene in Maize

To study the regulation of gene expression for enzymes in the C4 photosynthetic pathway of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to changing N status in developing photosynthetic cells, we have studied in vitro transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene in leaf nuclei isolated from plants during recovery from N starvation. The induction was specific for the C4-type PEPC gene (C4Ppc1), and its transcription was N dependent and increased markedly by supply of an N source, but there was a discrepancy between the steady-state levels of mRNA and the stimulation of in vitro transcription. The results suggest that the N-inducible expression of C4Ppc1 is regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally by N availability. The in vitro transcription rate of C4Ppc1 was greatly stimulated by incubating detached leaves with zeatin alone, whereas the rate remained essentially unchanged by incubating with an exogenous N source alone. The results, taken together, imply that cytokinins up-regulate the transcription of C4Ppc1 in response to N status, whereas glutamine and/or its metabolite(s) up-regulate the level of the transcript. The transcription was totally inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that the cytokinin-dependent transcription of C4Ppc1 requires the synthesis of protein.
Anomalous phenomena, psi and altered consciousness

There has long been an association between altered states of consciousness and reports of anomalous phenomena, although experimental research is required to establish the true nature of these claims. Within parapsychology there has been a wealth of research incorporating a variety of induction procedures in the experimental investigation of telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition and psychokinesis. The relationship between spontaneous cases and the experimental production of certain phenomena following induction with drugs, sleep, hypnosis, meditation or ganzfeld are explored.
A New Spatial Discretization Strategy of the Convective Flux Term for the Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

Abstract: In this work, a new spatial discretization scheme for flows governed by the hyperbolic conservation laws is proposed. The spatial discretization involves the concept of classical particle velocity upwinding (PVU) for the convective flux term in the hyperbolic conservation laws. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of the fluid particle velocity or the entropy wave speed at the cell interface to ascertain the upwind direction. The cell face convective fluxes are obtained from a first order or a second order upwind biased interpolation, depending on whether the cell under consideration lies in the vicinity of a discontinuity or in a region of steep gradients in the solution. The discontinuities or regions of steep gradients are detected by employing a smoothness indicator function as employed in some of the earlier studies. The proposed spatial discretization strategy has been combined with a two step, second order explicit time integration strategy for the application to the solution of the unsteady Euler/Navier-Stokes equations in the strong conservation form. Test cases involving two 1-D Riemann problems, three 2-D inviscid supersonic flow problems and a 2-D viscous supersonic flow problem, have been employed to establish the validity of the procedure and to assess the performance of the proposed strategy. The proposed PVU scheme performs quite favorably in comparison to conventional schemes. From the point of view of implementation, particularly in multidimensional scenarios, this strategy offers a good balance of accuracy and simplicity.