Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant-mother and infant-father synchrony: The coregulation of positive arousal.

To examine the coregulation of positive affect during mother-infant and father-infant in- teractions, 100 couples and their first-born child were videotaped in face-to-face interactions. Parents' and infant's affective states were coded in one-second frames, and synchrony was measured with time- series analysis. The orientation, intensity, and temporal pattern of infant positive arousal were assessed. Synchrony between same-gender parent-infant dyads was more optimal in terms of stronger lagged associations between parent and infant affect, more frequent mutual synchrony, and shorter lags to re- sponsiveness. Infants' arousal duringmother-infant interaction cycled between medium and low levels, and high positive affect appeared gradually and was embedded within a social episode. During father- child play, positive arousal was high, sudden, and organized in multiple peaks that appeared more fre- quently as play progressed. Mother-infant synchrony was linked to the partners' social orientation and was inversely related to maternal depression and infant negative emotionality. Father-child synchrony was related to the intensity of positive arousal and to father attachment security. Results contribute to research on the regulation of positive emotions and describe the unique modes of affective sharing that infants coconstruct with mother and father. RESUMEN: Para examinar la co-regulacion del afecto positivo durante las interacciones entre la madre y su hijo y el padre y su hijo, cien parejas y sus hijos primerizos fueron grabadas en video en sesiones de interacciones cara a cara. Los estados afectivos de los padres y de los infantes fueron codificados en marcos de un segundo, y la sincronia se midiopor medio de un analisis de tiempo en serie. Se evaluaron la orientacion, la intensidad, y el patron temporal del despertar positivo del infante. La sincronia entre las diadas del mismo sexo (madre-hija o padre-hijo) fue mas optima en terminos de mas fuertes asocia- ciones espaciadas del afecto entre padre/madre e infante, la mas frecuente mutua sincronia, y mas cortos espacios de sensibilidad. El despertar de los ninos durante la interaccion entre la madre y su infante osciloentre los niveles medio y bajo, y el afecto positivo alto apareciogradualmente y se encontraba metido dentro de una situacion social. Durante el juego entre el padre y su infante, el despertar positivo fue alto, rapido y organizado en multiples puntos maximos que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia a medida que el juego progresaba. La sincronia entre la madre y su infante fue asociada con la orientacion social de los participantes y fue inversamente relacionada con la depresion maternal y la negativa emo- cionalidad del infante. La sincronia entre el padre y su infante fue relacionada con la intensidad del despertar positivo y con la seguridad de la afectividad paterna. Los resultados contribuyen a la investi- gacion sobre la regulacion de las emociones positivas y describen los modelos unicos de la afectividad compartida que los infantes co-construyen con la madre y el padre.
Ethnic differences in stress among residents in a deprived neighbourhood in Denmark

The present research aimed to explore how stress varies by socio-demographic characteristics among immigrants compared to the host population in a deprived neighbourhood. Data used in the analyses were collected through questionnaires from 1160 inhabitants in Esbjerg, Denmark. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for ethnic Danes and immigrants to examine the stress' association with gender, age, education, marital status, economic situation, social deprivation, unemployment, sick leave and loneliness. Although stress frequency was higher among immigrants than ethnic Danes, stress was significantly associated only with gender among immigrants and with all variables but gender and marital status among ethnic Danes. The association of stress with socio-demographic characteristics shows a different pattern between immigrants and the host population residents in a deprived neighbourhood. Socio-demographic characteristics by themselves cannot explain significant differences in stress levels between people. Specific circumstances in people's life may change the experience's meaning and eventually health outcomes.
Responses to verifying and enhancing appraisals from romantic partners: the role of trait importance and trait visibility

An experiment assessed when people respond more positively to verifying and enhancing appraisals from romantic partners. Two-hundred and fifty-eight individuals comprising 129 dating couples participated in this research. Couples privately rated their self-concept on traits that were either high or low on trait visibility, rated how important each trait was to them, and rated their partners. A computer program ostensibly compared their self-ratings with appraisals from their partners on traits they selected as being high or low in personal importance, and participants received either verifying or enhancing feedback. Confirming predictions, people believed their partners understood them more when they received verifying feedback, but felt their partners saw the best in them when they received enhancing feedback. Additionally, people responded more positively to verifying appraisals on important, less visible traits, and enhancing appraisals on important, highly visible traits. Results are discussed in terms of preferences for enhancing and verifying feedback in romantic relationships. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjuvant effects of classical music on simvastatin induced reduction of anxiety but not object recognition memory in rats

Simvastatin is one of many hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors that are prescribed to lower cholesterol. Some emerging evidence indicates that classical music can serve as an effective adjuvant in rats treated with simvastatin. Moreover, simvastatin and classical music have been shown to influence some cognitive functions. To further understand the mechanisms of action, we exposed rats to classical music for 1 month, and then treated them orally with simvastatin. The behavioral experiments suggested that exposure to subchronic simvastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) reduced anxiety levels in the elevated plus-maze and open-field test in rats exposed to Mozart music. The recognition object test results indicated that simvastatin altered non-spatial working memory only at the 1 mg/kg/day dose and improved both short- and long-term object recognition. No significant differences were found between Mozart music and silence in the object recognition test, suggesting that music did not significant affect learning and memory in adult rats. We hypothesize that the anxiolytic, but not object-recognition memory, effects of simvastatin and classical music occur through similar mechanisms, providing an important foundation for future preclinical and clinical research.
Path‐averaged rainfall estimation using microwave links: Uncertainty due to spatial rainfall variability

Microwave links can be used to estimate the path‐averaged rain rate along the link when precipitation occurs. They take advantage of the near proportionality between the specific attenuation affecting the link signal and the rain rate. This paper deals with the influence of the spatial variability of rainfall along the link on the accuracy of the rainfall estimates. We focus on single‐polarization single‐frequency links operating at frequencies ranging from 5 to 50 GHz and with path lengths ranging from 500 m to 30 km. A stochastic simulation framework is used to investigate the frequency at which the linearity occurs (found to be about 30 GHz) for intense Mediterranean precipitation. In addition, the error associated with path‐averaged rain rate estimates is being quantified. For instance, the bias is found to be in the order of −15% with an uncertainty of about 10% for microwave links described in the recent literature.
Calcium and cyclic nucleotide regulation in incubated mouse retinas

When retinas from dark-adapted C57BL/6 mice were incubated in the dark for 5 min at 37 degrees C in Earle's medium, they contained 80-120 pmol/mg protein of cGMP and about 13 pmol/mg protein of cAMP. When the incubation in darkness was in calcium-deficient Earle's medium with 3 mM EGTA, a 10-20 fold increase occurred in the cGMP level, peaking at 2- 3 min, but no change occurred in cAMP. This elevated level fell in 3 min to normal dark levels on return to normal Earle's medium, but was still about three times that of control levels after 15 min in EGTA- containing solution. Bright light after 2 min of dark incubation of dark-adapted retinas resulted in a 40-50% fall in cGMP, and bright light sharply reduced the elevated dark cGMP level of retinas in calcium-deficient media with 3 mM EDTA. However, no depression of normal dark levels of cGMP has thus far been obtained by increasing external calcium levels, even in the presence of the ionophore A23187. All the above phenomena involving dark cGMP levels and calcium are similar in Earle's medium with 100 mM of K+ substituted for Na+. Congenic rodless (rd/rd) mouse retinas have less than 5% of control cGMP and show only traces of calcium sensitivity. Thus, the above phenomena in controls are likely to be largely occurring in rods. The data suggest a dependency of the dark cGMP level on the calcium level, but that the light-induced fall in cGMP may largely be calcium insensitive.
On the crossing numbers of Cartesian products with trees

Zip product was recently used in a note establishing the crossing number of the Cartesian product K1,n □ Pm. In this article, we further investigate the relations of this graph operation with the crossing numbers of graphs. First, we use a refining of the embedding method bound for crossing numbers to weaken the connectivity condition under which the crossing number is additive for the zip product. Next, we deduce a general theorem for bounding the crossing numbers of (capped) Cartesian product of graphs with trees, which yields exact results under certain symmetry conditions. We apply this theorem to obtain exact and approximate results on crossing numbers of Cartesian product of various graphs with trees. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 287–300, 2007
Communication apprehension and employment interviews

In order to determine if patterns identified in the general communication apprehension (CA) literature would emerge with regard to employment interviews, three investigations were undertaken. The first study investigated thoughts high and low CAs entertain regarding employment interviews. The second study probed differences in self‐reported preparation activities that high and low CAs employ with regard to employment interviews. The third study examined differences in verbal and nonverbal behaviors displayed by high and low CAs in employment interview situations. In general, these studies indicate that high CAs avoid thinking about interviews, avoid preparing for them, and use a pattern of communicative minimization (few gestures, few words, etc.) in employment interviews. These data are congruent with data on CA in other circumstances, provide a basis for developing grounded interventions in this domain, and have implications for the way interviews of this nature ought to be handled in classroom situations.
An optimum hardware detector for constant envelope quadrature-quadrature phase-shift keying (CEQ/sup 2/PSK)

A hardware detector for constant envelope quadrature-quadrature phase-shift keying (CEQ/sup 2/PSK) is proposed. It uses appropriate hard decisions; yet, it achieves optimum probability of bit error performance, unlike the suboptimum detector of Saha and Birdsall. This optimum performance is verified through Monte Carlo computer simulations. Additionally, a more correct expression is given for the probability of bit error performance for CEQ/sup 2/PSK, which gives the gain over nonconstant Q/sup 2/PSK as 1.44 dB, rather than the previously published value of 1.76 dB.
Dropout From Sex-Offender Treatment and Dimensions of Risk of Sexual Recidivism

The extent to which general criminality and sexual deviance are associated with dropout or expulsion from a sex-offender treatment program was examined. Participants were 52 offenders who dropped out of, or were expelled from, their last sex-offender program and a comparison group of 48 program completers. As expected, the general criminality items of the Static—99 were significantly associated with dropout/expulsion but the sexual deviance items were not. Thus, risk for sexual recidivism and risk for dropout/expulsion from sex-offender programs do not appear to be synonymous. Basing estimates of risk for dropout/expulsion on general criminality rather than sexual deviance may be a more effective and efficient strategy for managing sex offenders.
Curriculum, pedagogy and assessment: three message systems of schooling and dimensions of quality physical education

This paper identifies ‘quality’ as an internationally relevant concept to be problematised in contemporary debates about physical education (PE). Drawing on the conceptualisation of curriculum by B. Bernstein in 1977, pedagogy and assessment as three inter-related message systems of schooling, the paper presents and explores curriculum, pedagogy and assessment as three fundamental dimensions of ‘quality PE’. Discussion addresses what quality in each dimension may mean in PE, and demand in practice. Contemporary initiatives in Australia and New Zealand provide a reference point for exploring the prospective application of quality conceptualised in terms of the three inter-related dimensions. Attention is drawn to frameworks in mainstream education that may be utilised in endeavours to critically review current practices, and inform developments directed towards achieving quality in PE. It is argued that achieving quality in PE requires that quality is pursued and demonstrated within and across curriculum, pedagogy and assessment, and that meanings of quality always need to be contextualised in cultural, social and institutional terms.
NorthHemisphere patterns of phase coherence between solar / geomagmetic activity andNCEP / NCARandERA 40 near-surface air temperature in period 7-8 y oscillatorymodes

Beginning from 1950’s, Paluš and Novotná (J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 71, 923–930, 2009) observed statistically significant phase coherence among oscillatory modes with the period of approximately 7–8 years detected in monthly time series of sunspot numbers, geomagnetic activity aa index, NAO index and near-surface air temperature from several mid-latitude European stations. Using again the oscillatory modes with the period 7-8y, here we study North Hemisphere patterns of phase coherence between solar/geomagnetic activity and NCEP/NCAR and ERA40 near-surface air temperature. Both the reanalysis datasets provide consistent patterns of areas with marked, statistically significant coupling between solar/geomagnetic activity and climate variability observed in continuous monthly data, independent of the season, however, confined to the temporal scale related to oscillatory periods about 7–8 years.
Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and triglyceride to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-c) as predictors of cardiometabolic risk.

INTRODUCTION The excessive concentration of fat in the abdominal region is related to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have been performed to identify simple and effective indicators of abdominal obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk through the use of simple parameters such as anthropometric and biochemical measures. The Triglyceride / High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) has been proposed as a more practical and easy to use atherogenic marker, along with the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), which makes a superior tool for separating cardiometabolic risk related to overweight/obesity when comparing to Body Mass Index (BMI). OBJECTIVE To verify the applicability of the WHtR and the TG/HDL-c ratio as predictors of cardiometabolic risk. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Nutrition of the UNIVATES University Center, where the participant's anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) 20.0, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS A total of 498 individuals took part on this research, 77.5% female and with a mean age of 25.5 ± 6.5. A high percentage of fat was found in both men and women (19.9 ± 5.80% and 29.24 ± 5.43%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25Kg/m(2)) was 35.05%. The WHtR marker was significantly correlated to Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglyceride (TG) and Anthropometric BMI values, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%). For the TG/HDL-c ratio, there was a positive and significant correlation to the same markers, beyond TC. There was also a correlation between WHtR and TG/HDL-c, and both presented a negative and significant correlation with HDL-c. CONCLUSION WHtR and TG/HDL-c values were found to be good markers for the cardiometabolic risk ratio in the studied sample. Several studies, original articles and academic reviews confirm the use of the WHtR or TG/HDL-c markers for that purpose in adults.
Agreement in assessment of prior learning related to higher education: an examination of interrater and intrarater reliability

This article focuses on reliability in assessment of prior learning (APL) related to higher education. APL refers to a process where adults’ prior learning, formal as well as informal, is assessed and acknowledged. In higher education, APL is used for the purpose of gaining admission, advanced standing or credits. In this article, studies investigating reliability in APL are presented. The studies provide data of inter- and intrarater reliability among assessors in a specific APL scheme used in higher education. Percentage of agreement and Cohen’s kappa were used to estimate reliability, and the results show that the agreement between assessors, i.e. interrater reliability, is poorer compared to the agreement on repeated assessment by the same assessor, i.e. intrarater reliability. Further, the results reveal that there are differences in agreement between different aspects of prior learning. A conclusion is that reliability in this type of assessment ought to be further investigated.
Quotatives down under: Be like in cross-generational Australian English speech

The English quotative system (featuring forms such as say, think, zero, go, all and be like used in direct speech reproduction and thought) has been the subject of vigorous, in-depth sociolinguistic investigation, particularly in the past two decades. However, with the notable exception of Winter’s (2002) study of quotative be like in the speech of Melbourne adolescents, the Australian English quotative system remains virtually uncharted. I address this gap in the literature by offering a quantitative sociolinguistic analysis of the quotative system of Perth English, investigating to what extent linguistic (grammatical person, content of quote and tense) and social (age and sex) variables are implicated in the use of be like. My results stem from 32.5 hours (325 096 words) of spontaneous narratives of personal experience recorded with 47 speakers in Perth in 2011 and evince an overwhelming increase in the use of be like particularly amongst the youngest speakers — as compared to Winter’s (2002) findings for Melbourne in the late 1990s. Multivariate analysis using Goldvarb X (Sankoff, Tagliamonte and Smith 2005) indicates that — although some constraints like the favouring effect of first person subjects behave similarly across the generations and are in line with other Englishes — Australian be like is subject to different constraints across generations of young speakers. Pre-adolescent and adolescent girls are active agents of language change by upping be like’s frequency and its use with the historical present in narratives. Young adults are steady users of be like in historical present contexts but the significant effect of sex has reversed: it is young male adults — rather than women — who favour be like in this cohort. The findings are in line with trends noted in the literature on English quotation elsewhere and point once again to the irrevocable link between system-internal forces and social factors as speakers move through life.
A novel click model and its applications to online advertising

Recent advances in click model have positioned it as an attractive method for representing user preferences in web search and online advertising. Yet, most of the existing works focus on training the click model for individual queries, and cannot accurately model the tail queries due to the lack of training data. Simultaneously, most of the existing works consider the query, url and position, neglecting some other important attributes in click log data, such as the local time. Obviously, the click through rate is different between daytime and midnight. In this paper, we propose a novel click model based on Bayesian network, which is capable of modeling the tail queries because it builds the click model on attribute values, with those values being shared across queries. We called our work General Click Model (GCM) as we found that most of the existing works can be special cases of GCM by assigning different parameters. Experimental results on a large-scale commercial advertisement dataset show that GCM can significantly and consistently lead to better results as compared to the state-of-the-art works.
The use of superficial and meaning-based representations in interpreting pronouns: Evidence from Spanish

Abstract In this paper, we address the question of whether a representation of the surface form of a text is directly implicated in the interpretation of definite pronouns in that text. According to an influential theory proposed by Sag and Hankamer (1984), it should not be, because definite pronouns are model-interpretive anaphors that take their meaning from elements in a representation of content. We report three experiments in Spanish, a language with non-semantic gender, in which pronouns can match their antecedents on the basis of morphosyntactic properties alone. The first experiment suggested that a surface representation might not be implicated in the interpretation of pronouns, since a gender match speeded only the interpretation of pronouns referring to people and not those referring to things. However, a questionnaire study (Experiment 2) confirmed that our strategy of modelling the Spanish sentences in Experiment 1 on sentences used in English studies had affected the results, and a further o.
Keep Them in the Dark: Australian Government Strategy to Weaken Activism against Australia's new Nuclear Reactor

Australia's involvement in the nuclear age is intimately connected with the nuclear policies of the United Kingdom and the United States. As in those countries, there is also a rich and varied tradition of opposition to nuclear policies from Australians engaged in the peace and environmental movements. ' This article explores the relationship between government policy on nuclear matters and community activism against Australia's . only nuclear reactor. In particular, we look at strategies of the state aimed at keeping its citizens ill informed on nuclear matters and how these have impacted on citizen participation.