Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Suburbanization of Housing Choice Voucher Recipients by Kenya

An analysis of data on the location of Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) recipients in the 100 largest U.S metropolitan areas in 2000 and 2008 finds that: • By 2008 roughly half (49.4 percent) of all HCV recipients lived in suburban areas. That represents a 2.1 percentage point increase in the suburbanization rate of HCV recipients compared to 2000. However, by 2008 HCV recipients remained less suburbanized than the total population, the poor population, and affordable housing units generally. • Black HCV recipients suburbanized fastest over the 2000 to 2008 period, though white HCV recipients were still more suburbanized than their black or Latino counterparts by 2008. Black HCV recipients' suburbanization rate increased by nearly 5 percentage points over this period, while that for Latinos increased by about 1 percentage point. At the same time, the suburbanization rate for white HCV recipients declined slightly. • Between 2000 and 2008, metro areas in the West and those experiencing large increases in suburban poverty exhibited the biggest shifts in HCV recipients to the suburbs. Western metro areas like Stockton, Boise, and Phoenix experienced increases of 10 percentage points or more in the suburbanization rate of HCV recipients. • Within metro areas, HCV recipients moved further toward higher-income, jobs-rich suburbs between 2000 and 2008. However, the poor and affordable housing units shifted more rapidly toward similar kinds of suburbs over that period. By 2008 about half of suburban HCV recipients still lived in low-income suburbs. Together, these findings indicate that HCV recipients are suburbanizing over time, alongside poor households more generally. However, the slow pace of the shift compared to that for the poor and for affordable housing suggests that suburbs have the capacity to absorb more HCV recipients. Moreover, within suburbs, HCV recipients are more likely than the overall population and the poor to live in low-income suburbs with inferior access to jobs. Policies that providing more incentives for multifamily housing, reevaluate existing zoning laws and development impact fees, facilitate the use of housing vouchers in new higher-income suburban locations, and enforce fair housing laws in suburban areas could give HCV recipients access to a broader range of high-quality residential environments.
Comparison of health related quality of life with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease

Objectives: To compare self reported quality of life with measured exercise capacity in patients with congenital heart disease. Design: Prospective cross sectional clinical study Setting: Tertiary referral centre for congenital cardiology Patients and methods: 149 patients (60 female, 14–60 years old) with various congenital heart defects completed a health related quality of life questionnaire (medical outcomes study 36 item short form). Then they performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a bicycle in a sitting position. Results: Peak oxygen uptake correlated significantly with the physical functioning (r = 0.521, p < 0.0005) and general health scales (r = 0.313, p < 0.0005) but not with role-physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health, and health transition scales. Closer examination of the data showed that despite an overall good correlation a substantial number of patients overestimated their physical capabilities. Conclusions: Exercise tests and quality of life instruments should be used together to get an appropriate overview of the health status of patients with congenital heart disease.
Microparticles Mediate the Intercellular Regulation of microRNA-503 and Proline-Rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 to Alter the Migration and Invasion Capacity of Breast Cancer Cells

The successful treatment of cancer is hampered by drug resistance and metastasis. While these two obstacles were once considered separately, recent evidence associates resistance with an enhanced metastatic capacity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. We previously described the intercellular transfer of drug resistance via submicron vesicles called microparticles (MPs). We now propose that MPs derived from drug-resistant cells are also involved in the intercellular transfer of components to enhance the migration and invasion capacity of cells. Thus, MPs may be a conduit between resistance and metastasis. We used microarray analysis to identify regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs), which contribute to the dissemination of metastatic traits. miR-503 was downregulated in recipient cells following co-culture with MPs isolated from drug-resistant cells. miR-503 was inversely associated with metastasis, as demonstrated using wound healing/scratch migration assays and Matrigel®-coated transwell invasion assays. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) was upregulated in recipient cells and associated with increased migration and invasion, with these phenotypes being reversed using a pharmacological inhibitor of PYK2 phosphorylation, tyrphostin A9. However, the MP-mediated promotion of metastatic traits was not due to the presence of these effectors in the MP cargo but rather due to down stream effector molecules in these pathways. This is the first demonstration that the role of MPs in trait acquisition extends beyond the direct transfer of vesicle components and also includes transfer of intermediary regulators that induce down stream mediators following transfer to recipient cells. This implicates an expanding role of MPs in cancer pathogenesis.
Evaluating the use of a multiple schedule as a method for identifying treatment effects

Many traditional methods for evaluating behavior (e.g., multiple baseline, alt ern ting treatments, withdrawal, etc.), while effective, can often prove to be time an d labor intensive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a brief methodology for identifying treatment effects. Participants were 2 children diagnosed wit h an autism spectrum disorder who exhibited high levels of vocal stereotypy. For both partici pan s, functional analyses showed that the behavior was likely maintained by automat ic contingencies of reinforcement. Following the functional assessment, vocal st ereotypy was exposed to baseline, motor response interruption and redirection (RIRDm), and vocal response interruption and redirection (RIRDv) conditions using a multiple schedule design. RIRDm and RIRDv procedures were similar to the procedures reported by Ahearn, Clark, MacDonald, and Chung (2007). Following the multiple schedule, vocal stereotypy was exposed to the same conditions using a traditional withdrawal des ign (ABABACAC). A proportional analysis of the data was completed in order to dete rmin whether a difference was obtained between the baseline and treatment conditions. Re sult showed that use of the multiple schedule produced a consistent treatment effect for one o the participants. Both RIRDm and RIRDv produced lower levels of behavior in treatment relative to baseline. A similar treatment effect was obta ined when exposing that participant’s vocal stereotypy to both treatments within the traditional wit hdrawal design.
Disynaptic Subthalamic Input to the Posterior Cerebellum in Rat

In the last decade, the interplay between basal ganglia and cerebellar functions has been increasingly advocated to explain their joint operation in both normal and pathological conditions. Yet, insight into the neuroanatomical basis of this interplay between both subcortical structures remains sparse and is mainly derived from work in primates. Here, in rodents, we have studied the existence of a potential disynaptic connection between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the cerebellar cortex as has been demonstrated earlier for the primate. A mixture of unmodified rabies virus (RABV: CVS 11) and cholera toxin B-subunit (CTb) was injected at places in the posterior cerebellar cortex of nine rats. The survival time was chosen to allow for disynaptic retrograde transneuronal infection of RABV. We examined the STN for neurons infected with RABV in all nine cases and related the results with the location of the RABV/CTb injection site, which ranged from the vermis of lobule VII, to the paravermis and hemispheres of the paramedian lobule and crus 2a. We found that cases with injection sites in the vermis of lobule VII showed prominent RABV labeling in the STN. In contrast, almost no subthalamic labeling was noted in cases with paravermal or hemispheral injection sites. We show circumstantial evidence that not only the pontine nuclei but also the pedunculotegmental nucleus may act as the intermediary in the connection from STN to cerebellar cortex. This finding implies that in the rat the STN links disynaptically to the vermal part of lobule VII of the cerebellar cortex, without any major involvement of the cerebellar areas that are linked to sensorimotor functions. As vermal lobule VII recently has been shown to process disynaptic input from the retrosplenial and orbitofrontal cortices, we hypothesize that in the rat the subthalamic input to cerebellar function might be used to influence more prominently non-motor functions of the cerebellum than motor functions. This latter aspect seems to contradict the primate results and could point to a more elaborate interaction between basal ganglia and cerebellum in more demanding motor tasks.
Employing Genetic Algorithms to minimise the Bullwhip Effect in an online efficient-responsive supply chain

The Bullwhip Effect in supply chains has been observed through a number of previous important works. How to effectively minimise the Bullwhip Effect, however, remains under-investigated, and is still an open research topic. This paper investigates whether Genetic Algorithms (GAs) can effectively minimise the Bullwhip Effect in an efficient-responsive supply chain. To achieve this goal, we established a comprehensive model for such a supply chain with orders updated on a weekly basis, and then the GAs were utilised to find the optimal ordering policy, and lead time sets for supply chain participants employing a Moving Average forecasting technique. An important contribution of this research is that the simulated supply chain is online and efficient-responsive, and hence more realistic than existing models. Experimental results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm is effective in minimising the Bullwhip Effect.
Speaking rate effects on discourse prosody in standard Chinese

What is the prosodic mechanism of faster or slower discourse speech? This paper focuses on observing the effects of speech rate on discourse prosody of Standard Chinese speech with fast, normal and slow speech rates. The investigation in discourse prosody structure demonstrates that the speaking rate effects on discourse prosody are nonlinear and need careful manipulations.
Towards an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile knowledge management

The knowledge management can quickly acquired important knowledge way by using mobile equipments via wireless network. Many knowledge management activities occur in working places and in our daily activities. Mobility may be increased self belief and work efficiency by convenience knowledge management in the mobile environments. The recent years study showed that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness constructs of Technology Acceptance Model have been considered important in determining the individuals' acceptance and use of IT. In this study, we will introduce the convenience and the self-efficacy as new factors that reflect the characteristic of the mobile knowledge management. This paper addresses why users want be used mobile knowledge management and how user's adoption is affected by the convenience and the self-efficacy. The results showed that the research model fully mediated the usage behavior intentions even in the mobile knowledge management through the wireless network environment.
The Effect of an Experiential, Adventure-Based “Anti-Bullying Initiative” on Levels of Resilience: A Mixed Methods Study

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of an experiential, adventure-based “Anti-Bullying Initiative” on levels of resilience. The goal of this initiative was to create a more positive, caring, and safe learning environment for all students at a local elementary school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Activities were designed to promote participants’ resiliency skills, reduce bullying behavior, and create safer classroom environments. This study examined the effect of program participation on immediate changes in resilience, the enduring impact on resilience at 4 months post-treatment, and differences based on gender. In addition, this study sought to identify key program components that may have contributed to the observed changes.
The Grammaticalization of Plant-Part Terms in Chibchan Languages1

It has long been known that the plant-part terms for ‘stick’, ‘leaf’, and ‘seed’ were grammaticalized as classifying elements referring to shape in several Chibchan languages. This interpretation, however, is by no means the only one possible. The Proto-Chibchan terms for ‘stick’, ‘leaf’, and ‘seed’ had a much wider application. They became stem formatives, attested above all in body-part terms. The Proto-Chibchan word for ‘stick’ also grammaticalized as an element with further functions, for instance, as a possessive or purposive marker. Unraveling all these grammaticalization trajectories not only provides insights into how elements of Chibchan lexicon and morphosyntax developed; it also gives an impression of the worldview expressed through Chibchan languages, at least as far as the vegetal world is concerned: plant-parts are conceived of as individual elements with a specific shape, as parts of a whole, and, in certain cases, as related to the general notion of ‘thing’.
On the track of transfer cell formation by specialized plant-parasitic nematodes

Transfer cells are ubiquitous plant cells that play an important role in plant development as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are highly specialized and differentiated cells playing a central role in the acquisition, distribution and exchange of nutrients. Their unique structural traits are characterized by augmented ingrowths of invaginated secondary wall material, unsheathed by an amplified area of plasma membrane enriched in a suite of solute transporters. Similar morphological features can be perceived in vascular root feeding cells induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot and cyst nematodes, in a wide range of plant hosts. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, these obligatory biotrophic plant pathogens engage different approaches when reprogramming root cells into giant cells or syncytia, respectively. Both nematode feeding-cells types will serve as the main source of nutrients until the end of the nematode life cycle. In both cases, these nematodes are able to remarkably maneuver and reprogram plant host cells. In this review we will discuss the structure, function and formation of these specialized multinucleate cells that act as nutrient transfer cells accumulating and synthesizing components needed for survival and successful offspring of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant cells with transfer-like functions are also a renowned subject of interest involving still poorly understood molecular and cellular transport processes.
Stability Curve Prediction of Homologous Proteins Using Temperature-Dependent Statistical Potentials

The unraveling and control of protein stability at different temperatures is a fundamental problem in biophysics that is substantially far from being quantitatively and accurately solved, as it requires a precise knowledge of the temperature dependence of amino acid interactions. In this paper we attempt to gain insight into the thermal stability of proteins by designing a tool to predict the full stability curve as a function of the temperature for a set of 45 proteins belonging to 11 homologous families, given their sequence and structure, as well as the melting temperature () and the change in heat capacity () of proteins belonging to the same family. Stability curves constitute a fundamental instrument to analyze in detail the thermal stability and its relation to the thermodynamic stability, and to estimate the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the folding free energy. In summary, our approach for predicting the protein stability curves relies on temperature-dependent statistical potentials derived from three datasets of protein structures with targeted thermal stability properties. Using these potentials, the folding free energies () at three different temperatures were computed for each protein. The Gibbs-Helmholtz equation was then used to predict the protein's stability curve as the curve that best fits these three points. The results are quite encouraging: the standard deviations between the experimental and predicted 's, 's and folding free energies at room temperature () are equal to 13 , 1.3 ) and 4.1 , respectively, in cross-validation. The main sources of error and some further improvements and perspectives are briefly discussed.
Tactical Decision Making for Selective Expansion of Operating Room Resources Incorporating Financial Criteria and Uncertainty in Subspecialties' Future Workloads

We considered the allocation of operating room (OR) time at facilities where the strategic decision had been made to increase the number of ORs. Allocation occurs in two stages: a long-term tactical stage followed by short-term operational stage. Tactical decisions, approximately 1 yr in advance, determine what specialized equipment and expertise will be needed. Tactical decisions are based on estimates of future OR workload for each subspecialty or surgeon. We show that groups of surgeons can be excluded from consideration at this tactical stage (e.g., surgeons who need intensive care beds or those with below average contribution margins per OR hour). Lower and upper limits are estimated for the future demand of OR time by the remaining surgeons. Thus, initial OR allocations can be accomplished with only partial information on future OR workload. Once the new ORs open, operational decision-making based on OR efficiency is used to fill the OR time and adjust staffing. Surgeons who were not allocated additional time at the tactical stage are provided increased OR time through operational adjustments based on their actual workload. In a case study from a tertiary hospital, future demand estimates were needed for only 15% of surgeons, illustrating the practicality of these methods for use in tactical OR allocation decisions.
Arsenic-silver incompatibility in fahlore

Abstract Silver-bearing zinc-iron tetrahedrite-tennantite and freibergit fahlores approximating the simplified formula (Ag,Cu)10(Fe,Zn)2(As,Sb)4S13 have been equilibrated with excess electrum (Au x Ag1−x ) and chalcopyrite + pyrite + iron-bearing sphalerite (CuFeS2 + FeS2 + Fe0.05Zn0.95S) in evacuated silica tubes at 300 °C, in reversed silver-copper exchange experiments with less than 0.1 mg NH4Cl added as a transport medium. A thermodynamic formulation and parameters describing As-Ag incompatibility at 400 °C (Ebel and Sack, 1989), which incorporate large temperature dependencies of standard-state properties and composition-ordering systematics, are shown to apply equally well to these 300 °C results. A generalised graphical model for this mineral assemblage is presented, describing fahlore composition as a function of temperature and the compositions of coexisting electrum and (Fe,Zn)S, which define the Ag(Cu)−1 and Fe(Zn)−1 exchange properties controlling fahlore compositions.
Glutamate input to noradrenergic neurons plays an essential role in the development of morphine dependence and psychomotor sensitization.

The brain's noradrenergic system is involved in the development of behaviours induced by drugs of abuse, e.g. dependence and withdrawal, and also reward or psychomotor effects. To investigate how noradrenergic system activity is controlled in the context associated with drug-induced behaviours, we generated a Cre/loxP mouse model in which the essential glutamate NMDA receptor subunit NR1 is ablated in cells expressing dopamine β-hydroxylase (Dbh). As a result, the noradrenergic cells in NR1DbhCre mice lack the NMDA receptor-dependent component of excitatory post-synaptic currents. The mutant mice displayed no obvious behavioural alterations, had unchanged noradrenaline content and mild increase in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Interestingly, NR1DbhCre animals did not develop morphine-induced psychomotor sensitization. However, when the morphine injections were preceded by treatment with RX821002, an antagonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, the development of sensitization was restored. Conversely, pretreatment with clonidine, an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, blocked development of sensitization in wild-type mice. We also found that while the development of tolerance to morphine was normal in mutant mice, withdrawal symptoms were attenuated. These data reveal that NMDA receptors on noradrenergic neurons regulate development of opiate dependence and psychomotor sensitization, by controlling drug-induced noradrenaline signalling.
Fragmenting D4 branes and coupled q-deformed Yang Mills

We compute the index of BPS states for two stacks of D4-branes wrapped on ample divisors and overlapping over a compact Riemann surface inside non-compact Calabi-Yau 3-fold. This index is given in terms of U(N) x U(M) q-deformed Yang Mills theory with bifundamental matter. From the factorization in the limit of large D4 charge, we argue that our result computes the jump in the index of BPS states across the wall of the marginal stability for the split flow of a D4 brane fragmenting into a pair of D4 branes.
Douglas-fir tussock moth and Douglas-fir beetle-caused mortality in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest in the Colorado Front Range, USA

An outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough, occurred in the South Platte River drainage on the Pike-San Isabel National Forest in the Colorado Front Range attacking Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Stocking levels, species composition, and tree size in heavily and lightly defoliated stands were similar. Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation resulted in significant Douglas-fir mortality in the heavily defoliated stands, leading to a change in dominance to ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Lawson. Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsuqae Hopkins, populations increased following the defoliation event but caused less mortality, and did not differ between heavily and lightly defoliated stands. Douglas-fir tussock moth-related mortality was greatest in trees less than 15 cm dbh (diameter at 1.4 m above the ground) that grew in suppressed and intermediate canopy positions. Douglas-fir beetle-related mortality was greatest in trees larger than 15 cm dbh that grew in the dominant and co-dominant crown positions. Although both insects utilize Douglas-fir as its primary host, stand response to infestation is different. The extensive outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth followed by Douglas-fir beetle activity may be associated with a legacy of increased host type growing in overstocked conditions as a result of fire exclusion.