Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Every list-decodable code for high noise has abundant near-optimal rate puncturings

We show that any q-ary code with sufficiently good distance can be randomly punctured to obtain, with high probability, a code that is list decodable up to radius 1 --- 1/q --- ε with near-optimal rate and list sizes. Our results imply that "most" Reed-Solomon codes are list decodable beyond the Johnson bound, settling the longstanding open question of whether any Reed Solomon codes meet this criterion. More precisely, we show that a Reed-Solomon code with random evaluation points is, with high probability, list decodable up to radius 1 --- ε with list sizes O(1/ε) and rate Ω(ε). As a second corollary of our argument, we obtain improved bounds on the list decodability of random linear codes over large fields. Our approach exploits techniques from high dimensional probability. Previous work used similar tools to obtain bounds on the list decodability of random linear codes, but the bounds did not scale with the size of the alphabet. In this paper, we use a chaining argument to deal with large alphabet sizes.
Sex education and masculinity: the ‘problem’ of boys

This article explores the common perception that it is boys who are the problem for sex education and sex educators. It focuses on the expectations of teachers and the role of pornography to challenge some of the underlying assumptions about the relationship between behaviour and learning. Using detailed descriptions from research in an all-boys school, it focuses attention on the problems that boys face in their efforts to obtain information about sex and to forge sexual identities within a highly restricted discursive frame. Drawing on examples from less dominant males, it illustrates the importance of looking beyond surface accounts of their disruptive behaviour and exploring other explanations that recognise the challenges they face in their day-to-day lives.
Sheath-current retrapping in the Z mitls

An important issue in designing a higher-power version of the Z machine at Sandia national laboratories is electron current loss in the vacuum section, which consists of four radial transmission lines and a convolute (current-adder). There is evidence from experiments on Z that 1-2 MA of current out of about 20 MA is lost in the vacuum section before reaching the wire-array load Spielman, RB et al., (1997). Calculations using the LSP and QUICKSILVER Quintenz, JP et al., (1994) particle-in-cell codes have shown much less current loss. The current loss in the calculations is due to sheath-current loss in the region of the convolute, and is associated with the magnetic nulls which are intrinsic to the current splitting in the convolute. Detailed 2-D calculations for the radial MITLs show that, in the region between the insulator stack and a radius of about 20 cm (over which the radial-line vacuum impedance increases slowly from 2 /spl Omega/, to 3 /spl Omega/), excess electron sheath current is mostly retrapped to the cathode electrode. The electron sheath current is given approximately by Mendel's force-balance expression Mendel, CW et al., (1983) applied locally, and as a result, the sheath current decreases as Z/sub v//sup -2/, where Z/sub v/ is the vacuum impedance. Between a radius of 20 cm and the convolute, where the radial-line vacuum impedance increases more sharply (to 6 /spl Omega/ at 10 cm) there is significant "launching" of sheath current. The sheath behavior in this region is qualitatively similar to that predicted using a "constant flow impedance" model, but in the simulations the sheath is unstable and breaks up into vortices.
Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia

Oligodendrocytes are critical for the development of the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton of the axon. In this paper, we show that fast axonal transport is also dependent on the oligodendrocyte. Using a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 2 due to a null mutation of the myelin Plp gene, we find a progressive impairment in fast retrograde and anterograde transport. Increased levels of retrograde motor protein subunits are associated with accumulation of membranous organelles distal to nodal complexes. Using cell transplantation, we show categorically that the axonal phenotype is related to the presence of the overlying Plp null myelin. Our data demonstrate a novel role for oligodendrocytes in the local regulation of axonal function and have implications for the axonal loss associated with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Global, regional and local influences on adult literacy policy in England

This paper explores the relationship between global, regional and local influences on adult literacy policy and practice in the UK through a discourse analysis of policy-related texts. The analysis is framed by theoretical perspectives from literacy studies and socio-material theory. The paper identifies a number of specific features in the UK literacy policy environment that have mediated the influence of transnational agencies such as UNESCO, the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Union. It argues for the importance of understanding adult literacy policy as part of a wider constellation of discourses and governance practices and shows how textual representations of literacy and literacy learners are powerful constituents of the policy field.
State Taxation and the Reallocation of Business Activity: Evidence from Establishment-Level Data

Using census microdata on multistate firms and their organizational forms, we estimate the impact of state taxes on business activity. For C corporations, employment and the number of establishments have short-run corporate tax elasticities of −0.4 to −0.5 and do not vary with changes in personal tax rates. Pass-through entity activities show tax elasticities of −0.2 to −0.4 with respect to personal tax rates and are invariant with respect to corporate tax rates. Capital shows similar patterns. Reallocation of productive resources to other states drives around half the effect. The responses are strongest for firms in tradable and footloose industries.
The Change in HbA1c Associated with Initial Adherence and Subsequent Change in Adherence among Diabetes Patients Newly Initiating Metformin Therapy

Introduction. Whether changes in adherence are associated with changes in HbA1c is assumed but not known. Methods. We conducted a observational study of 2,844 type 2 diabetes patients who initiated metformin as their first antihyperglycemic drug. Using HbA1c measures before, 6–12 months after, and up to 3 years after metformin initiation, we analyzed HbA1c change as a function of initial adherence and change in adherence. Results. Compared with no adherence, initial adherence of 50–79% was associated with an adjusted reduction in HbA1c of 0.45% while adherence ≥80% was associated with HbA1c reduction of 0.73%. Change from some initial adherence (1–79%) to total nonadherence was associated with 0.25% increase in HbA1c. Change from some to full adherence was associated with an HbA1c decrease of 0.15%. Those associations were accentuated among patients not in glycemic control: change from some to no adherence was associated with an HbA1c increase of 0.63% and change from some to full adherence was associated with an HbA1c decrease of 0.40%. Conclusions. Initial adherence to newly prescribed metformin therapy produces substantial HbA1c reduction. Among those with modest adherence but suboptimal glycemic control, the difference between moving to full adherence versus nonadherence results in lower HbA1c of one percentage point.
Police cooperation in internal enforcement of immigration control: learning from international comparison

Purpose – This is a comparison of the role of the police in the enforcement of immigration law in the interiors of three nations: Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Methodology – The study builds upon research the authors have already done as well as desk research on recent developments. It uses three dimensions of the problem to focus the report: the hardware, software, and culture of police involvement in this issue. Findings – In Germany, the local police are responsible for the enforcement of immigration control and have relatively fast and reliable means to identify undocumented immigrants. This is not the case in the United Kingdom and the United States, but there are trends toward more local police involvement, both by institutional cooperation and by the development of better databases and documents for faster identification. These trends are highly controversial in an environment that values community relations and is highly sensitive to racial profiling. However, there are also indications that the differences in typical police work such as traffic controls and crime investigation may not be as pronounced as the differences between the countries would suggest. Research implications – This study highlights the need for ethnographic work with the police and with unauthorized immigrants to empirically describe and assess the role that the police are playing and its impact on police–community relations. Practical implications – The German experience supports the value of a comprehensive information system for rapidly determining the immigration status of suspects, but it may not work as expected in the United States and the United Kingdom, where registration and identification obligations apply to foreign citizens only. With the US and UK experiences, one could predict that discriminating identification practices may become more sensitive issues in a Germany with increasing numbers of immigrated citizens.
Feeling and Finding on the Register of Suggestion: Reflections on the ‘Event’ of Researching Community Mental Health Care

The paper posits an intervention in current debates around ‘method making’ in the social sciences, drawing on the experience of undertaking an ethnographic study of a community mental health team in East London. Theoretical recourse is made to the process philosophy of A.N. Whitehead and to the enduring provenance of the problem of ‘suggestion’ in the history of medicine and psychology. These offer rich and provocative theoretical resources with which to rethink the interpenetration of subject and object and ‘feeling’ and ‘finding’. Whitehead's work provides a general philosophical framework whereby the ongoing subjective experience of the researcher can no longer be sharply demarcated from the ‘data’ encountered. Meanwhile the adoption of a ‘register of suggestion’ opens up insights into the inevitably selective and singular character of any given methodological procedure. It maintains the importance of affective factors at the forefront of analysis, and brings into focus the parts played by indeterminacy and risk in the research event.
A multi-block-matching approach for stereo

Block-Matching stereo is commonly used in applications with low computing resources in order to get some rough depth estimates. However, research on this simple stereo estimation technique has been very scarce since the advent of energy-based methods which promise a higher quality and a larger potential for further improvement. In the domain of intelligent vehicles, especially semi-global-matching (SGM) is widely spread due to its good performance and simple implementation. Unfortunately, the big downside of SGM is its large memory footprint because it is working on the full disparity space image. In contrast to this, local block-matching stereo is much more lean. In this paper, we will introduce a novel multi-block-matching scheme which tremendously improves the result of standard block-matching stereo while preserving the low memory-footprint and the low computational complexity. We tested our new multi-block-matching scheme on the KITTI stereo benchmark as well as on the new Middlebury stereo benchmark. For the KITTI benchmark we achieve results that even surpass the results of the best SGM implementations. For the new Middlebury benchmark we get results that are only slightly worse than state-of-the-art SGM implementations.
La révision des accords nominal et verbal chez l'enfant

Resume ; L'objectif de l'experience ici rapportee est d'etudier la phase de proceduralisation de regles relatives a l'accord nominal et a l'accord verbal. En analysant les performances obtenues par des enfants de 2e, 3e et 4e annees primaires dans deux types de tâches : 1/ ecrire un mot dicte (nom ou verbe) en contexte en produisant son accord ; 2/ detecter et corriger une erreur impliquant les memes accords, nous mettons en evidence qu'il existe une periode (2e et 3e annees primaire) au cours de laquelle les enfants s'averent plus performants pour detecter et corriger une erreur d'accord que pour gerer ce meme accord en production de mots. Ces resultats sont interpretes en termes de difference de cout cognitif entre ces differentes activites. Ils revelent que l'expertise en production de marques flexionnelles du nombre est precedee d'une autre expertise, moins connue, dans le domaine de la revision orthographique. ; Mots-cles : production ecrite, revision orthographique, accord nominal, accord verbal, developpement de l'orthographe.
Real-Time Localization of Moving Dipole Sources for Tracking Multiple Free-Swimming Weakly Electric Fish

In order to survive, animals must quickly and accurately locate prey, predators, and conspecifics using the signals they generate. The signal source location can be estimated using multiple detectors and the inverse relationship between the received signal intensity (RSI) and the distance, but difficulty of the source localization increases if there is an additional dependence on the orientation of a signal source. In such cases, the signal source could be approximated as an ideal dipole for simplification. Based on a theoretical model, the RSI can be directly predicted from a known dipole location; but estimating a dipole location from RSIs has no direct analytical solution. Here, we propose an efficient solution to the dipole localization problem by using a lookup table (LUT) to store RSIs predicted by our theoretically derived dipole model at many possible dipole positions and orientations. For a given set of RSIs measured at multiple detectors, our algorithm found a dipole location having the closest matching normalized RSIs from the LUT, and further refined the location at higher resolution. Studying the natural behavior of weakly electric fish (WEF) requires efficiently computing their location and the temporal pattern of their electric signals over extended periods. Our dipole localization method was successfully applied to track single or multiple freely swimming WEF in shallow water in real-time, as each fish could be closely approximated by an ideal current dipole in two dimensions. Our optimized search algorithm found the animal’s positions, orientations, and tail-bending angles quickly and accurately under various conditions, without the need for calibrating individual-specific parameters. Our dipole localization method is directly applicable to studying the role of active sensing during spatial navigation, or social interactions between multiple WEF. Furthermore, our method could be extended to other application areas involving dipole source localization.
Recall and recognition in elderly and young subjects

Abstract 59 elderly Ss and 58 young persons were shown 20 drawings of common objects at the rate of 1 per 2 sec. The process was repeated until a criterion of 80% recall was achieved. Ss then believed their task complete, but were retested after 4 weeks for both recall and recognition. The elderly group proved significantly inferior to the control group in both recall and recognition, and found recall more difficult than the young Ss. No correlation was found between delayed recall or delayed recognition on the one hand and the time actually spent in original learning or the number of exposures of the stimulus material on the other. Delayed memory (both in recall and recognition) correlated significantly with the original level of immediate recall achieved in satisfying the criterion.
Multiple ice‐age refugia in Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus

Pleistocene ice‐ages greatly influenced the historical abundances of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in the North Pacific and its marginal seas. We surveyed genetic variation at 11 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial (mt) DNA in samples from twelve locations from the Sea of Japan to Washington State. Both microsatellite (mean H = 0.868) and mtDNA haplotype (mean h = 0.958) diversities were large and did not show any geographical trends. Genetic differentiation between samples was significantly correlated with geographical distance between samples for both microsatellites (FST = 0.028, r2 = 0.33) and mtDNA (FST = 0.027, r2 = 0.18). Both marker classes showed a strong genetic discontinuity between northwestern and northeastern Pacific populations that likely represents groups previously isolated during glaciations that are now in secondary contact. Significant differences appeared between samples from the Sea of Japan and Okhotsk Sea that may reflect ice‐age isolations in the northwest Pacific. In the northeast Pacific, a microsatellite and mtDNA partition was detected between coastal and Georgia Basin populations. The presence of two major coastal mtDNA lineages on either side of the Pacific Ocean basin implies at least two ice‐age refugia and separate postglacial population expansions facilitated by different glacial histories. Northward expansions into the Gulf of Alaska were possible 14–15 kyr ago, but deglaciation and colonization of the Georgia Basin probably occurred somewhat later. Population expansions were evident in mtDNA mismatch distributions and in Bayesian skyline plots of the three major lineages, but the start of expansions appeared to pre‐date the last glacial maximum.
Freud's case studies : self-psychological perspectives

These thoughtful self-psychological reexaminations of Freud's case studies clarify Freud's criteria for including and excluding data, underscore the theoretical and political imperatives that shaped his narrative accounts, and provide new insight into the transference-countertransference constellations that emerged during treatment. Clinically, these reappraisals take us beyond Freud's preoccupation with his patients' oedipal narratives to a self-psychological exploration of these same patients' intersubjective experiences.
The Gray Matter Volume of the Amygdala Is Correlated with the Perception of Melodic Intervals: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Music is not simply a series of organized pitches, rhythms, and timbres, it is capable of evoking emotions. In the present study, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to explore the neural basis that may link music to emotion. To do this, we identified the neuroanatomical correlates of the ability to extract pitch interval size in a music segment (i.e., interval perception) in a large population of healthy young adults (N = 264). Behaviorally, we found that interval perception was correlated with daily emotional experiences, indicating the intrinsic link between music and emotion. Neurally, and as expected, we found that interval perception was positively correlated with the gray matter volume (GMV) of the bilateral temporal cortex. More important, a larger GMV of the bilateral amygdala was associated with better interval perception, suggesting that the amygdala, which is the neural substrate of emotional processing, is also involved in music processing. In sum, our study provides one of first neuroanatomical evidence on the association between the amygdala and music, which contributes to our understanding of exactly how music evokes emotional responses.
Evaluation of changes in mother-infant brief psychotherapy: A single case study

Representation-oriented brief psychotherapy with mother-infant dyads is used to examine correspondences between maternal behaviors and maternal representations of her infant. A single case study is presented to illustrate how one can objectify interactional variables that may correspond behaviorally to underlying maternal mental representations. This paper presents the results of a collaboration that focuses on the process of enacting fantasy via the domain of behavior. Attention is drawn to interacted themes that are enacted versions of representational themes. Enacted themes are pathogenic in behavioral terms for the infant. Five themes are identified in the case material. Changes in the mother's representations affect both the mother-infant relationship and the infant's functioning.
European Surveillance for Pantropic Canine Coronavirus

ABSTRACT Highly virulent pantropic canine coronavirus (CCoV) strains belonging to subtype IIa were recently identified in dogs. To assess the distribution of such strains in Europe, tissue samples were collected from 354 dogs that had died after displaying systemic disease in France (n = 92), Hungary (n = 75), Italy (n = 69), Greece (n = 87), The Netherlands (n = 27), Belgium (n = 4), and Bulgaria (n = 1). A total of 124 animals tested positive for CCoV, with 33 of them displaying the virus in extraintestinal tissues. Twenty-four CCoV strains (19.35% of the CCoV-positive dogs) detected in internal organs were characterized as subtype IIa and consequently assumed to be pantropic CCoVs. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the 5′ end of the spike protein gene showed that pantropic CCoV strains are closely related to each other, with the exception of two divergent French viruses that clustered with enteric strains.
A pilot investigation of cognitive improvement across a single hemodialysis treatment.

BACKGROUND Uremia has long been associated with cognitive deficits. This study explored the importance of the time of measurement of neurocognitive functioning, by directly comparing changes in neurocognitive functioning from immediately after hemodialysis treatment to immediately before treatment. METHODS Twenty-five hemodynamically stable hemodialysis patients and 6 peritoneal dialysis controls completed 2 computer-based assessment batteries (ANAM), one immediately before dialysis and the second upon completion of that dialysis session. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare postdialysis with predialysis neurocognitive functioning scores for both a composite measure of global functioning and the neurocognitive subtests. RESULTS There was significant improvement in global neuropsychological functioning from predialysis to postdialysis (t (24) = -7.5, p<0.001), showing an average of 18% improvement in the hemodialysis group, with no significant change in the peritoneal dialysis group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that computer-based testing can offer information on the cognitive fluctuations of medically complex populations and suggests that the end of the session may be a better time to discuss important and complex health messages with hemodialysis patients. It further implies that some of the neurocognitive impairment that is associated with end-stage renal disease is a consequence of uremia and is improved by hemodialysis.