Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Identical Clustering

This paper presents a uniform clustering approach which aims to cover entire field with identical clusters scattered over the field. The Cluster head is elected using the LEACH protocol for every cluster locally. Both LEACH and I-LEACH (Identical clustering LEACH) were compared through extensive simulations using NS2 simulator which shows that I-LEACH performs better than LEACH protocol. I-LEACH reduces energy consumption by around 45% and improves the throughput by 60%.
Isomorphism, Normalization, And A Genetic Algorithm For Sorting Network Optimization

In this paper, we define sorting network isomorphism and examine its relationship to graph-theoretic problems. We devise the normalization technique that exploits the functional similarities of sorting networks, which in turn helps genetic algorithms avoid too much perturbation. The sorting network isomorphism provides the basis for the normalization. In addition, we developed an effective local search heuristic for the problem. Combining the local heuristic with a genetic algorithm, we found 60-comparator sorting networks in the 16-bus problem without fixing any comparators on a single-CPU PC. This result is significantly faster and more stable than the previous study conducted with a supercomputer.
Involvement of Right STS in Audio-Visual Integration for Affective Speech Demonstrated Using MEG

Speech and emotion perception are dynamic processes in which it may be optimal to integrate synchronous signals emitted from different sources. Studies of audio-visual (AV) perception of neutrally expressed speech demonstrate supra-additive (i.e., where AV>[unimodal auditory+unimodal visual]) responses in left STS to crossmodal speech stimuli. However, emotions are often conveyed simultaneously with speech; through the voice in the form of speech prosody and through the face in the form of facial expression. Previous studies of AV nonverbal emotion integration showed a role for right (rather than left) STS. The current study therefore examined whether the integration of facial and prosodic signals of emotional speech is associated with supra-additive responses in left (cf. results for speech integration) or right (due to emotional content) STS. As emotional displays are sometimes difficult to interpret, we also examined whether supra-additive responses were affected by emotional incongruence (i.e., ambiguity). Using magnetoencephalography, we continuously recorded eighteen participants as they viewed and heard AV congruent emotional and AV incongruent emotional speech stimuli. Significant supra-additive responses were observed in right STS within the first 250 ms for emotionally incongruent and emotionally congruent AV speech stimuli, which further underscores the role of right STS in processing crossmodal emotive signals.
Examining Oral Passage Reading Rate Across Three Curriculum-Based Measurement Tools for Predicting Grade-Level Proficiency

Abstract Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) for oral passage reading (OPR) is among the most commonly used tools for making screening decisions regarding academic proficiency status for students in first through sixth grades. Multiple publishers make available OPR tools, and while they are designed to measure the same broad construct of reading, research suggests that student performance varies within grades and across publishers. Despite the existence of multiple publishers of CBM tools for OPR, many of which include publisher-specific recommendations comparing student performance to a proficiency standard, the use of normative-based cut scores to interpret student performance remains prevalent. In the current study, three commercially available CBM tools for OPR were administered to 1,482 students in first through sixth grade. Results suggest differences between normative- and criterion-based approaches to determining cut scores for screening decisions. Implications regarding resource allocation for students in need of additional intervention are discussed.
An X-ray survey of the 2 Jy sample – I. Is there an accretion mode dichotomy in radio-loud AGN?

We carry out a systematic study of the X-ray emission from the active nuclei of the 0.02 < z < 0.7 2 Jy sample, using Chandra and XMM–Newton observations. We combine our results with those from mid-infrared, optical emission-line and radio observations, and add them to those of the 3CRR sources. We show that the low-excitation objects in our samples show signs of radiatively inefficient accretion. We study the effect of the jet-related emission on the various luminosities, confirming that it is the main source of soft X-ray emission for our sources. We also find strong correlations between the accretion-related luminosities, and identify several sources whose optical classification is incompatible with their accretion properties. We derive the bolometric and jet kinetic luminosities for the samples and find a difference in the total Eddington rate between the low- and high-excitation populations, with the former peaking at ∼1 per cent and the latter at ∼20 per cent Eddington. Our results are consistent with a simple Eddington switch when the effects of environment on radio luminosity and black hole mass calculations are considered. The apparent independence of jet kinetic power and radiative luminosity in the high-excitation population in our plots supports a model in which jet production and radiatively efficient accretion are not strongly correlated in high-excitation objects, though they have a common underlying mechanism.
National Approaches Used to Describe and Delineate Marine Ecosystems and Subregions in the North Pacific

With marine ecosystems facing increasing and often unsustainable human demands, the need for comprehensive, integrated cross-sectoral resource management becomes ever clearer (Duda and Sherman, 2002). Many hold that the most responsible strategy is ecosystem-based management (EBM), wherein factors such as ecological interactions, socio-economic forces and human impacts are explicit components of monitoring, assessment and policy. While EBM has been variously defined by many authors, some concepts are pervasive across all definitions: it is spatially discrete; it is adaptive; it incorporates dynamics, interactions and uncertainty associated with physical, chemical and biological constituents; it emphasizes sustainability; and it considers human objectives, activities and impacts to be essential components (Arkema et al., 2006). Because accounting for spatially explicit trends, processes and relationships is a main component of EBM, it follows that the spatial characteristics of marine ecosystems should be identified in order to provide a context for identifying stakeholders, defining objectives, conducting research, and implementing policies focused on sustainable management of species, goods and services (Juda, 1999; FAO, 2003, NOAA, 2004).
Views of women with dissociative identity disorder on intimate partner violence : a grounded theory approach

Abuse and neglect are global phenomena with devastating personal, familial, and societal effects. When occurring in childhood, maltreatment increases the risk for additional abuse experiences across the lifespan. This purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze current research about the relationship between the experience of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. The majority of literature supports that CM increases the risk for IPV, and the link appears to be stronger in specific populations, including female veterans, teens, sexual minorities, and individuals with mental illness. Nurse-midwives are uniquely poised to prevent and address this maltreatment, due to the intimate nature of the care they provide to clients and their families, but continue to encounter barriers in practice. Nurse-midwives need additional resources and training related to abuse, and they must take an active role in assessing, treating, providing resources, and making appropriate referrals to interprofessional colleagues.
GLP-1 Plays a Limited Role in Improved Glycemia Shortly After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Comparison With Intensive Lifestyle Modification

Rapid glycemic improvements following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are frequently attributed to the enhanced GLP-1 response, but causality remains unclear. To determine the role of GLP-1 in improved glucose tolerance after surgery, we compared glucose and hormonal responses to a liquid meal test in 20 obese participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent RYGB or nonsurgical intensive lifestyle modification (ILM) (n = 10 per group) before and after equivalent short-term weight reduction. The GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9–39)-amide (Ex-9) was administered, in random order and in double-blinded fashion, with saline during two separate visits after equivalent weight loss. Despite the markedly exaggerated GLP-1 response after RYGB, changes in postprandial glucose and insulin responses did not significantly differ between groups, and glucagon secretion was paradoxically augmented after RYGB. Hepatic insulin sensitivity also increased significantly after RYGB. With Ex-9, glucose tolerance deteriorated similarly from the saline condition in both groups, but postprandial insulin release was markedly attenuated after RYGB compared with ILM. GLP-1 exerts important insulinotropic effects after RYGB and ILM, but the enhanced incretin response plays a limited role in improved glycemia shortly after surgery. Instead, enhanced hepatic metabolism, independent of GLP-1 receptor activation, may be more important for early postsurgical glycemic improvements.
Yoga for Risk Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome: Patient-Reported Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Lifestyle change is recommended as treatment for adults at risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), although adoption of new behavioral patterns is limited. In addition, most existing lifestyle interventions do not address psychological stress or quality of life, both of which impact the burden of MetS. Yoga, a form of physical activity that incorporates psychological components (e.g., maintaining attention, relaxation), is a promising intervention for improving the burden of MetS. This randomized controlled trial assessed the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week yoga program coupled with an evidence-based health education program (HED) compared to HED alone. A secondary, exploratory aim examined perceived stress, quality of life, and related psychological outcomes (mindfulness, perceived health competence, and mood). Sixty-seven adults at risk for MetS enrolled (mean age [SD]: 58 [10] years; 50% male; 79% non-Hispanic White). Preliminary results revealed significantly larger improvements in two quality of life domains (role-physical and general health perceptions) in the HED plus yoga group versus HED alone (ps < 0.05). This is the first study that implemented lifestyle education along with yoga to evaluate the potential unique effects of yoga on participants at risk for MetS. A larger clinical trial is warranted to further investigate these promising patient-reported outcomes.
The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Proposing Research Agendas Through a Review of Empirical Literature

Work engagement and organizational commitment are among the most studied topics in a range of fields, including human resource development (HRD) and organization development (OD). The value of such work is evident in the direct influence of work engagement and organizational commitment on employee well-being and organizational performance. However, scholars have divergent perspectives on the relationship between these two concepts. While some studies have examined work engagement as a precursor to organizational commitment, others have investigated work engagement as an outcome of organizational commitment. Despite the contrasting perspectives, little research effort has been made to reconcile these differing views through the synthesis and analysis of the extant literature. Therefore, this study aims to examine the current state of engagement-commitment research and then to suggest HRD implications for research and practice based on a review of selected literature.
Alpha-Linolenic Acid: An Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Neuroprotective Properties—Ready for Use in the Stroke Clinic?

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is plant-based essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained through the diet. This could explain in part why the severe deficiency in omega-3 intake pointed by numerous epidemiologic studies may increase the brain's vulnerability representing an important risk factor in the development and/or deterioration of certain cardio- and neuropathologies. The roles of ALA in neurological disorders remain unclear, especially in stroke that is a leading cause of death. We and others have identified ALA as a potential nutraceutical to protect the brain from stroke, characterized by its pleiotropic effects in neuroprotection, vasodilation of brain arteries, and neuroplasticity. This review highlights how chronic administration of ALA protects against rodent models of hypoxic-ischemic injury and exerts an anti-depressant-like activity, effects that likely involve multiple mechanisms in brain, and may be applied in stroke prevention. One major effect may be through an increase in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a widely expressed protein in brain that plays critical roles in neuronal maintenance, and learning and memory. Understanding the precise roles of ALA in neurological disorders will provide the underpinnings for the development of new therapies for patients and families who could be devastated by these disorders.
Estimating Understory Temperatures Using MODIS LST in Mixed Cordilleran Forests

Satellite remote sensing provides a rapid and broad-scale means for monitoring vegetation phenology and its relationship with fluctuations in air temperature. Investigating the response of plant communities to climate change is needed to gain insight into the potentially detrimental effects on ecosystem processes. While many studies have used satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) as a proxy for air temperature, few studies have attempted to create and validate models of forest understory temperature (Tust), as it is obscured from these space-borne observations. This study worked to predict instantaneous values of Tust using daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data over a 99,000 km2 study area located in the Rocky Mountains of western Alberta, Canada. Specifically, we aimed to identify the forest characteristics that improve estimates of Tust over using LST alone. Our top model predicted Tust to within a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.4 °C with an overall model fit of R2 = 0.89 over two growing seasons. Canopy closure and the LiDAR-derived standard deviation of canopy height metric were found to significantly improve estimations of Tust over MODIS LST alone. These findings demonstrate that canopy structure and forest stand-type function to differentiate understory air temperatures from ambient canopy temperature as seen by the sensor overhead.
Meaningful Mediation Analysis: Plausible Causal Inference and Informative Communication

Statistical mediation analysis has become the technique of choice in consumer research to make causal inferences about the influence of a treatment on an outcome via one or more mediators. This tutorial aims to strengthen two weak links that impede statistical mediation analysis from reaching its full potential. The first weak link is the path from mediator to outcome, which is a correlation. Six conditions are described that this correlation needs to meet in order to make plausible causal inferences: directionality, reliability, unconfoundedness, distinctiveness, power, and mediation. Recommendations are made to increase the plausibility of causal inferences based on statistical mediation analysis. Sweetspot analysis is proposed to establish whether an observed mediator-outcome correlation falls within the region of statistically meaningful correlations. The second weak link is the communication of mediation results. Four components of informative communication of mediation analysis are described: effect decomposition, effect size, difference testing, and data sharing. Recommendations are made to improve the communication of mediation analysis. A review of 166 recently published mediation analyses in the Journal of Consumer Research, a reanalysis of two published datasets, and Monte Carlo simulations support the conclusions and recommendations.
Ecology, trade and states in pre-colonial Africa

I test Bates' view that trade across ecological divides promoted the development of states in pre-colonial Africa. My main result is that sub-Saharan societies in ecologically diverse environments had more centralized pre-colonial states. I use spatial variation in rainfall to control for possible endogeneity. I construct artificial societies and present narrative evidence to show the results are not due to conquest of trading regions. I also test mechanisms by which trade may have caused states, and find that trade supported class stratification between rulers and ruled.
Lesson of emotions in the family: The role of emotional intelligence in the relation between filial piety and life satisfaction among Taiwanese college students

This study investigated the relationships between reciprocal filial piety beliefs, emotional intelligence, and life satisfaction among Taiwanese young adults. A total of 481 college students from Taiwan were recruited for the study. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyze the data. The analysis produced the following results. First, reciprocal filial piety was positively related to all of the four types of emotional intelligence: self-emotional appraisal (SEA), others’ emotional appraisal (OEA), regulation of emotion (ROE), and use of emotion (UOE). Second, both ROE and UOE had a positive association with life satisfaction whereas SEA and OEA had a nonsignificant association with life satisfaction. Third, the two types of emotional intelligence, ROE and UOE, mediated the relation between reciprocal filial piety and young adults’ life satisfaction. The findings suggest that reciprocal filial piety, representing high-quality interaction between children and parents, can facilitate individuals’ ability to control and use their emotions, which in turn improves their life satisfaction.
History of Medically Treated Diabetes and Risk of Alzheimer Disease in a Nationwide Case-Control Study

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes in midlife or late life increases the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), and type 1 diabetes has been associated with a higher risk of detrimental cognitive outcomes, although studies from older adults are lacking. We investigated whether individuals with AD were more likely to have a history of diabetes than matched controls from the general aged population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Information on reimbursed diabetes medication (including both type 1 and 2 diabetes) of all Finnish individuals with reimbursed AD medication in 2005 (n = 28,093) and their AD-free control subjects during 1972–2005 was obtained from a special reimbursement register maintained by the Social Insurance Institute of Finland. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was 11.4% in the whole study population, 10.7% (n = 3,012) among control subjects, and 12.0% (n = 3,372) among AD case subjects. People with AD were more likely to have diabetes than matched control subjects (unadjusted OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.08–1.20]), even after adjusting for cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.31 [1.22–1.41]). The associations were stronger with diabetes diagnosed at midlife (adjusted OR 1.60 [1.34–1.84] and 1.25 [1.16–1.36] for midlife and late-life diabetes, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with clinically verified AD are more likely to have a history of clinically verified and medically treated diabetes than the general aged population, although the difference is small.
Sparsity and parallel acquisition: Optimal uniform and nonuniform recovery guarantees

The problem of multiple sensors simultaneously acquiring measurements of a single object can be found in many applications. In this paper, we present the optimal recovery guarantees for the recovery of compressible signals from multi-sensor measurements using compressed sensing. In the first half of the paper, we present both uniform and nonuniform recovery guarantees for the conventional sparse signal model in a so-called distinct sensing scenario. In the second half, using the so-called sparse and distributed signal model, we present nonuniform recovery guarantees which effectively broaden the class of sensing scenarios for which optimal recovery is possible, including to the so-called identical sampling scenario. To verify our recovery guarantees we provide several numerical results including phase transition curves and numerically-computed bounds.
Correcting for Bias in Psychology: A Comparison of Meta-Analytic Methods

Publication bias and questionable research practices in primary research can lead to badly overestimated effects in meta-analysis. Methodologists have proposed a variety of statistical approaches to correct for such overestimation. However, it is not clear which methods work best for data typically seen in psychology. Here, we present a comprehensive simulation study in which we examined how some of the most promising meta-analytic methods perform on data that might realistically be produced by research in psychology. We simulated several levels of questionable research practices, publication bias, and heterogeneity, and used study sample sizes empirically derived from the literature. Our results clearly indicated that no single meta-analytic method consistently outperformed all the others. Therefore, we recommend that meta-analysts in psychology focus on sensitivity analyses—that is, report on a variety of methods, consider the conditions under which these methods fail (as indicated by simulation studies such as ours), and then report how conclusions might change depending on which conditions are most plausible. Moreover, given the dependence of meta-analytic methods on untestable assumptions, we strongly recommend that researchers in psychology continue their efforts to improve the primary literature and conduct large-scale, preregistered replications. We provide detailed results and simulation code at https://osf.io/rf3ys and interactive figures at http://www.shinyapps. org/apps/metaExplorer/.
Fault-Tolerant Entity Resolution with the Crowd

In recent years, crowdsourcing is increasingly applied as a means to enhance data quality. Although the crowd generates insightful information especially for complex problems such as entity resolution (ER), the output quality of crowd workers is often noisy. That is, workers may unintentionally generate false or contradicting data even for simple tasks. The challenge that we address in this paper is how to minimize the cost for task requesters while maximizing ER result quality under the assumption of unreliable input from the crowd. For that purpose, we first establish how to deduce a consistent ER solution from noisy worker answers as part of the data interpretation problem. We then focus on the next-crowdsource problem which is to find the next task that maximizes the information gain of the ER result for the minimal additional cost. We compare our robust data interpretation strategies to alternative state-of-the-art approaches that do not incorporate the notion of fault-tolerance, i.e., the robustness to noise. In our experimental evaluation we show that our approaches yield a quality improvement of at least 20% for two real-world datasets. Furthermore, we examine task-to-worker assignment strategies as well as task parallelization techniques in terms of their cost and quality trade-offs in this paper. Based on both synthetic and crowdsourced datasets, we then draw conclusions on how to minimize cost while maintaining high quality ER results.