Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading Comprehension Instruction for At-Risk Students: Research-Based Practices that Can Make a Difference.

■ In recent years, much has been written about "state-of-the-art" reading comprehension instructional practices for at-risk students as well as regular students in middle and secondary school (Duffy, Roehler, & Mason, 1983; Durkin, 1978-79; Flood, 1984a, 1984b; Guthrie, 1981; Pearson, 1984; Robinson, Faraone, Hittleman, & Unruh, 1990; Tierney & Cunningham, 1984). Most contemporary educators agree that effective comprehension results from the interaction of four sets of important variables: reader variables (age, ability, affect, motivation), text variables (genres, type, features, considerateness); educational context variables (environment, task, social grouping, purpose); and teacher variables (knowledge, experience, attitude and pedagogical approach). Each of these variables plays a critical role in the successful acquisition of comprehension strategies and each will be discussed as it relates to effective teaching practices for at-risk students. Two major questions will be discussed in this article: (1) What do we know about the ways in which competent comprehenders read texts? (2) What do we know about teaching at-risk students to become competent comprehenders?
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Indinavir in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women (n = 16) received indinavir (800 mg three times a day) plus zidovudine plus lamivudine from 14 to 28 weeks of gestation to 12 weeks postpartum. Two women and eight infants experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicities that were possibly treatment related. Indinavir area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 68% lower antepartum versus postpartum, suggesting increased intestinal and/or hepatic CYP3A activity during pregnancy.
Catholic social tradition: teaching, thought, practice.

atholic health care is embedded in a moral tradition that has been formed by a profound dynamic between word and deed, thought and action, theory and practice. The ministry's words, thoughts, and theories have been informed by a larger faith tradition encompassing the Scriptures; the official teachings of the church; reflections and ideas of theologians; and the insights of philosophers, economists, scientists, and others. Its deeds, actions, and practices have been lived out by the sacrifices and witnesses of religious communities and the laity. C
Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Nondividing Cells of Tobacco Leaves[W]

Using a novel analytical tool, this study investigates the relative roles of actin, microtubules, myosin, and Golgi bodies on form and movement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf epidermal cells. Expression of a subset of truncated class XI myosins, which interfere with the activity of native class XI myosins, and drug-induced actin depolymerization produce a more persistent network of ER tubules and larger persistent cisternae. The treatments differentially affect two persistent size classes of cortical ER cisternae, those >0.3 μm2 and those smaller, called punctae. The punctae are not Golgi, and ER remodeling occurs in the absence of Golgi bodies. The treatments diminish the mobile fraction of ER membrane proteins but not the diffusive flow of mobile membrane proteins. The results support a model whereby ER network remodeling is coupled to the directionality but not the magnitude of membrane surface flow, and the punctae are network nodes that act as foci of actin polymerization, regulating network remodeling through exploratory tubule growth and myosin-mediated shrinkage.
Power of daughter and granddaughter designs for determining linkage between marker loci and quantitative trait loci in dairy cattle.

There is considerable interest in bovine DNA-level polymorphic marker loci as a means of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) of economic importance in cattle. Progeny of a sire heterozygous for both a marker locus and a linked QTL, which inherit different alleles for the marker, will have different trait means. Based on this, power to detect QTL, as a function of QTL effect, heritability of the trait, and number of animals tested was determined for 1) daughter design, marker genotype and quantitative trait values assessed on daughters of sires heterozygous for the markers; and 2) granddaughter design, a newly devised alternative design in which marker genotype is determined on sons of heterozygous sires and quantitative trait value measured on daughters of the sons. For equal numbers of assays, power increased with the number of daughters per sire (design 1) and sons per grandsire (design 2). For equal power and heritability less than or equal to . 2, design 2 required half as many marker assays as design 1, e.g., with heritability of . 2, QTL effect of . 2 SD units, and type 1 error of . 01, power was . 70 if 400 daughters of each of 10 sires were assayed for the markers and . 95 if markers were assayed on 100 sons of each of 20 sires with 50 granddaughters per son.
A modular theory of multisensory integration for motor control

To control targeted movements, such as reaching to grasp an object or hammering a nail, the brain can use divers sources of sensory information, such as vision and proprioception. Although a variety of studies have shown that sensory signals are optimally combined according to principles of maximum likelihood, increasing evidence indicates that the CNS does not compute a single, optimal estimation of the target's position to be compared with a single optimal estimation of the hand. Rather, it employs a more modular approach in which the overall behavior is built by computing multiple concurrent comparisons carried out simultaneously in a number of different reference frames. The results of these individual comparisons are then optimally combined in order to drive the hand. In this article we examine at a computational level two formulations of concurrent models for sensory integration and compare this to the more conventional model of converging multi-sensory signals. Through a review of published studies, both our own and those performed by others, we produce evidence favoring the concurrent formulations. We then examine in detail the effects of additive signal noise as information flows through the sensorimotor system. By taking into account the noise added by sensorimotor transformations, one can explain why the CNS may shift its reliance on one sensory modality toward a greater reliance on another and investigate under what conditions those sensory transformations occur. Careful consideration of how transformed signals will co-vary with the original source also provides insight into how the CNS chooses one sensory modality over another. These concepts can be used to explain why the CNS might, for instance, create a visual representation of a task that is otherwise limited to the kinesthetic domain (e.g., pointing with one hand to a finger on the other) and why the CNS might choose to recode sensory information in an external reference frame.
Les mouches des fruits (Diptera : Tephritidae) au Togo: inventaire, prévalence et dynamique des populations dans la zone urbaine de Lomé

Les mouches des fruits (Diptera : Tephritidae) font partie de nos jours des principales contraintes a la production et a la commercialisation des fruits en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. La connaissance de la diversite specifique de ces depredateurs ainsi que la dynamique de leur population dans n’importe quel ecosysteme constitue des prealables pour la mise en place de programmes de controle de ces ravageurs. C’est dans ce contexte qu’un inventaire, une estimation de la prevalence et un suivi de la dynamique des populations de Tephritidae infeodes aux fruits ont ete effectues pendant une annee dans la zone urbaine de Lome (Togo). Quatre pieges et trois types de parapheromones ont ete utilises pour la capture des mouches. Trois especes de Tephritidae ont ete recensees : Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) et Dacus bivittatus (Bigot). Deux especes (B. invadens et B. cucurbitae) sont invasives et une espece (D. bivittatus) est indigene. Parmi les especes invasives, B. invadens est d’une importance economique considerable car sa prevalence moyenne (23,68 mouches/piege/jour) est superieure a celle des autres especes. La periode de pullulation de B. invadens coincide avec celle de la maturation des mangues, sa principale plante-hote. La preservation de la qualite des mangues doit passer par la mise en place de programmes appropries de gestion des populations de Tephritidae au Togo. © 2009 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles : Mangue, piege, Bactrocera invadens, importance economique.
Advanced spherical near-field antenna measurement techniques - recent research and ESoA PhD course

The DTU-ESA facility has since the 1980es provided highly accurate antenna radiation pattern measurements and gain calibration by use of the probe corrected spherical nearfield technique, both for ESA (the European Space Agency) and other customers and continues to do so. Recent years activities and research carried out at the facility are presented in the article. Since 2004 several antenna test facility comparison campaigns were carried out between a number of European antenna measurement facilities. The first campaigns laid the foundation for the later comparisons in providing experience and showing the capabilities of each participating facility. A special campaign was carried out with the aim of establishing a reference radiation pattern for the DTU-ESA VAST-12 antenna. The on-ground calibration of the MIRAS space radiometer for ESA's SMOS mission was carried out at the DTU-ESA facility in the period 2005–2006 following a series of investigatory measurements and facility updates during 2003–2005. Antenna diagnostics by a SWE-to-PWE transformation presents a case where highly accurate antenna measurements and a plane wave back-projection enable antenna diagnostics by examination of the nearfield close to the antenna surface. The research on antenna measurement techniques is continued with the development of a higher-order probe correction algorithm for spherical near-field antenna measurements which allows the utilization of a wider range of probe antennas.
Understanding the Limiting Factors of Topic Modeling via Posterior Contraction Analysis

Topic models such as the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) have become a standard staple in the modeling toolbox of machine learning. They have been applied to a vast variety of data sets, contexts, and tasks to varying degrees of success. However, to date there is almost no formal theory explicating the LDA's behavior, and despite its familiarity there is very little systematic analysis of and guidance on the properties of the data that affect the inferential performance of the model. This paper seeks to address this gap, by providing a systematic analysis of factors which characterize the LDA's performance. We present theorems elucidating the posterior contraction rates of the topics as the amount of data increases, and a thorough supporting empirical study using synthetic and real data sets, including news and web-based articles and tweet messages. Based on these results we provide practical guidance on how to identify suitable data sets for topic models, and how to specify particular model parameters.
The aerodynamic drag of a free water surface

The drag exerted by wind on a water surface has been measured in a tunnel 7·5 cm. wide and 7 m. long in which winds up to 14 m. /sec. can be made. The waves thus formed are similar to those seen at sea. A device increases the effective fetch and therefore the size of the waves. The drag is measured by the slope of the mean water surface. The shear-stress coefficient γ2a = τ/ρu2a increases nearly linearly with wind speed, and the drag therefore increases nearly with the cube of the speed. There is a not unsatisfactory agreement with field results of shear coefficient, when the wind velocity is extrapolated to the greater height at which it is usually measured over the sea. It is thought that this agreement between the drag of small laboratory waves and large field waves may show that the mechanism for drag is not controlled by the wave size or speed, but perhaps by the tiny wind ripples. The variation of wind speed with height has been measured. The profiles sometimes show anomalies in the zone up to about 8 cm. above the crests, there being slow layers of air between faster ones. The height of the anomalous zone increases as the waves become higher. Above 8 cm. the usual rough boundary law holds good. An empirical law is given for the shear stress as a function of the speed of the surface layer of water.
Use of gyroscopic sensors for objective evaluation of trimming and shoeing to alter time between heel and toe lift-off at end of the stance phase in horses walking and trotting on a treadmill.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a shoe with an axialcontoured lateral branch would induce greater lateral roll of the forelimb hoof during the time between heel and toe lift-off at end of the stance phase (breakover). Animals-10 adult horses. PROCEDURE A gyroscopic transducer was placed on the hoof of the right forelimb and connected to a transmitter. Data on hoof angular velocity were collected as each horse walked and trotted on a treadmill before (treatment 1, no trim-no shoe) and after 2 treatments by a farrier (treatment 2, trim-standard shoe; and treatment 3, trim-contoured shoe). Data were converted to hoof angles by mathematical integration. Breakover duration was divided into 4 segments, and hoof angles in 3 planes (pitch, roll, and yaw) were calculated at the end of each segment. Multivariable ANOVA was performed to detect differences among treatments and gaits. RESULTS Trimming and shoeing with a shoe with contoured lateral branches induced greater mean lateral roll to the hoof of 3.2 degrees and 2.5 degrees during the first half of breakover when trotting, compared with values for no trim-no shoe and trim-standard shoe, respectively. This effect dissipated during the second half of breakover. When horses walked, lateral roll during breakover was not significantly enhanced by use of this shoe. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A shoe with an axial-contoured lateral branch induced greater lateral roll during breakover in trotting horses, but change in orientation of the hoof was small and limited to the first half of breakover.
Cathodoluminescence and growth of cassiterite in the composite lodes at South Crofty Mine, Cornwall, England

Abstract The cathodoluminescence (CL) of cassiterite (SnO2) from the paragenetic sequence in the lodes at South Crofty Mines has been used in the interpretation of the processes which govern mineral deposition. Luminescence is controlled by the substitution of Ti, Fe and W for Sn in the cassiterite lattice. Ti and W behave as luminescence activators whereas Fe quenches luminescence. The observed colours and intensity of the luminescence are believed to result from the interplay between these effects. Successive generations of cassiterite formed during the separate stages of paragenetic evolution show different luminescence colours. These are believed to reflect changes in bulk composition of the fluid, which is indicated by the systematic variation in the composition of tourmaline in the associated gangue. CL also reveals details of growth and deformation in individual crystals. Growth textures observed in CL are broad concentric growth banding, oscillatory zoning and sector zoning. Sector boundaries often show a zig-zag form which is indicative of competitive growth of adjacent crystal faces. Interpretation of CL textures is used to support the hypothesis that cassiterite growth took place under two main regimes. These are, firstly, conditions in which fluid pressure decreased abruptly when tectonic reactivation caused dilation of parts of the lode fracture system and secondly, conditions of sustained hydraulic pressure within fractured vein fill. In tectonically induced fractures the crystals are stubby, have non-equivalent growth faces and are commonly tetragonal bipyramidal forms in which sector zoning is invariably present. In hydraulic fractures crystals take a predominantly tetragonal prismatic form. Thus, it is believed that growth under these contrasting conditions leads to distinctive morphology and zoning in cassiterite, providing a basis for typomorphic characterisation.
Microemulsion-based synergistic dual-drug codelivery system for enhanced apoptosis of tumor cells

A microemulsion-based synergistic dual-drug codelivery system was developed for enhanced cell apoptosis by transporting coix seed oil and etoposide into A549 (human lung carcinoma) cells simultaneously. Results obtained by dynamic light scattering showed that an etoposide (VP16)-loaded coix seed oil microemulsion (EC-ME) delivery system had a small size around 35 nm, a narrow polydispersity index, and a slightly negative surface charge. The encapsulating efficiency and total drug loading rate were 97.01% and 45.48%, respectively, by high-performance liquid chromatography. The release profiles at various pH values showed an obvious pH-responsive difference, with the accumulated amount of VP16 released at pH 4.5 (and pH 5.5) being 2.7-fold higher relative to that at pH 7.4. Morphologic alteration (particle swelling) associated with a mildly acidic pH environment was found on transmission electron microscopy. In the cell study, the EC-ME system showed a significantly greater antiproliferative effect toward A549 cells in comparison with free VP16 and the mixture of VP16 and coix seed oil. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the EC-ME system was 3.9-fold and 10.4-fold lower relative to that of free VP16 and a mixture of VP16 and coix seed oil, respectively. Moreover, fluorescein isothiocyanate and VP16 (the green fluorescent probe and entrapped drug, respectively) were efficiently internalized into the cells by means of coix seed oil microemulsion through intuitive observation and quantitative measurement. Importantly, an EC-ME system containing 20 μg/mL of VP16 showed a 3.3-fold and 3.5-fold improvement in induction of cell apoptosis compared with the VP-16-loaded microemulsion and free VP16, respectively. The EC-ME combination strategy holds promise as an efficient drug delivery system for induction of apoptosis and treatment of lung cancer.
Visual and Auditory Recognition Memory: An Examination of the Impact of Emotional Valence and Arousal Words on Aging and Remembering

Visual recognition memory research has shown conflicting findings when using the standard remember/know procedure (Gardiner, 1988; Tulving, 1985) to examine the impact of emotional valence and arousal items on adult aging and remembering. It has been suggested that the reason for the conflicting findings within visual recognition memory research is that the standard remember/know procedure inaccurately measures the remember and know responses that represent the dual-process theory of recognition memory (Jacoby et al., 1997). However, research from other perspectives such as the socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen et al., 2003) and the theory of response bias (e.g. Thapar & Rouder, 2009) has also produced conflicting findings when investigating the impact of visual emotions on adult aging and remembering, indicating that the conflicting findings within visual recognition memory research may not be due to the inaccuracy of the standard remember/know procedure. In addition, there is no evidence to suggest whether these conflicting findings extent to the study of auditory recognition memory also. Therefore, the present study uses the standard remember/know procedure, a modified remember/know procedure (Sheridan & Reingold, 2011), the response bias ‘C’ measure (Ingham, 1970), and visual and auditory self-relevance questionnaires created for the present study based on the notion of the socioemotional selectivity theory were used to investigate whether there is a significant differences between younger, middle aged and older adults visual and auditory recognition memory performance for positive, negative and neutral valence (neutral arousal) words. Based on the results of the remember/know, response bias and self-relevance data, the visual and auditory standard and modified remember/know procedures produced conflicting findings between the three adult age groups and the response bias measure revealed that response bias did not significantly affect remember and know responses. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between visual and auditory recognition memory performance and there were significant self-relevance scores between the three adult age groups. Essentially, researchers need to urgently reconsider the type of remember/know procedure that they use to in future studies to research the impact of emotions on adult aging and remembering.
Activity of Daily Living and Motor Evoked Potentials in the Subacute Stroke Patients

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the daily living activity and motor evoked potential (MEP) in the subacute stroke patients. Methods Nineteen subjects with subacute ischaemic/hemorrhagic stroke developed in the last three months were enrolled, and MEP was measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score were evaluated in both groups before and 4 weeks after comprehensive rehabilitative management. According to the presence of MEP response in the affected hemisphere, subjects were divided into MEP positive and negative group. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex, and post-onset duration. Four weeks later, the change in total FIM and self-care score improved significantly in the MEP-positive group, when compared to the MEP-negative group (p<0.05). However, cognitive improvement had no relationship with MEP responsiveness. Conclusion We concluded that initial measurement of MEP is a useful assessment tool in predicting functional outcome of subacute stroke patients.
Epitope target structures of Fc-mediated effector function during HIV-1 acquisition

Purpose of reviewThis review analyzes recent studies suggesting that highly conserved epitopes in the HIV-1 Env trimer are targets of potentially protective nonneutralizing antibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Recent findingsRecent studies in both non-human primates and humans suggest that nonneutralizing antibodies play a role in blocking infection with hybrid simian HIV (SHIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or HIV-1 by Fc-mediated effector function, in particular antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Further, several studies implicate highly conserved epitopes in the C1 region of gp120 as targets of these antibodies. However, these suggestions are controversial, as passive immunization studies do not indicate that such antibodies can block acquisition in non-human primates. Potential reasons for this discrepancy are discussed in the structural context of potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity epitopes on target cells during the narrow window of opportunity when antibodies can block HIV-1 acquisition. SummaryCumulative evidence suggests that, in addition to virus neutralization, Fc-mediated effector responses to highly conserved epitopes in the HIV-1 trimer play distinct as well as overlapping roles in blocking HIV-1 acquisition. Evidence will be discussed as to whether nonneutralizing antibodies specific for epitopes on the HIV-1 Env trimer that become exposed during viral entry contribute significantly to blocking HIV-1 acquisition.