Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on The Implementation of Real Time Systems for Industrial Automation Applications

Real Time Systems are at the heart of industrial automation applications and thus, a time response mechanism is required to be able to implement such systems. This paper presents a survey of Implementing Real Time Systems for industrial automation applications. Recently, PLCs have dominated industrial automation implementations but however, they do present some challenges especially in meeting real time constraints due to its centralized control and cyclically scanned program execution mechanisms. This paper proposes an alternative implementation approach using FreeRTOS platform that can act as a benchmark for time bound services. This would help in having a hybrid system that can work with PLCs and/or where possible replace PLCs for deterministic service delivery.
Pneumococcal bacteremia in Hawaii: initial findings of a pneumococcal disease prevention project.

The Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) recently established a pneumococcal disease initiative to determine the scope of serious pneumococcal disease in residents of Hawaii and to investigate methods of increasing vaccine utilization in the State. The initial phase of the project involved a review of pneumococcal bacteremia at all 38 microbiology laboratories in Hawaii during 1986 and 1987. Two hundred twenty-two residents with bacteremia were identified. Eighty-six percent of adults had pneumonia as the primary source of bacteremia. In children greater than 5 years old, pneumonia was present in 24%, otitis media in 35%, and meningitis in 11%. Bacteremia with no apparent focus of infection was found in 30% of children. The overall annual incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia was 9/10(5) population. Rates were highest in children greater than 2 years old (103/10(5] and persons greater than or equal to 65 years old (22/10(5]. These are similar to rates reported from other populations in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, but are less than those detected in 2 more recent population-based studies. The overall case-fatality rate in our study was relatively low (16%); however, 35% of persons greater than or equal to 65 years old died. A record of previous pneumococcal vaccination was found in the medical records of only 2 (1%) patients. Our study confirms that pneumococcal bacteremia causes significant morbidity and mortality among elderly residents of Hawaii and suggests that vaccine coverage is very low among this high-risk population. Phase 2 of the initiative included surveys of Hawaii physicians and the public to ascertain attitudes toward pneumococcal immunization. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mammalian class E vps proteins recognize ubiquitin and act in the removal of endosomal protein–ubiquitin conjugates

There is increasing evidence that ubiquitination of receptors provides an important endosomal sorting signal. Here we report that mammalian class E vacuolar protein-sorting (vps) proteins recognize ubiquitin. Both tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101)/human VPS (hVPS)28 and hepatocyte growth factor receptor substrate (Hrs) cytosolic complexes bind ubiquitin-agarose. TSG101 and hVPS28 are localized to endosomes that contain internalized EGF receptor and label strongly for ubiquitinated proteins. Microinjection of anti-hVPS28 specifically retards EGF degradation and leads to endosomal accumulation of ubiquitin–protein conjugates. Likewise, depletion of TSG101 impairs EGF trafficking and causes dramatic relocalization of ubiquitin to endocytic compartments. Similar defects are found in cells overexpressing Hrs, further emphasizing the links between class E protein function, receptor trafficking, and endosomal ubiquitination.
Role of Bcl‐3 in the Development of Follicular Helper T Cells and in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

We have previously shown that expression of the Bcl‐3 gene, a member of the IκB family, is down‐regulated in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) following tocilizumab therapy. The objective of this study was to examine the role of Bcl‐3 in the pathogenesis of RA.
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes as powerful particle accelerators.

Strong electric discharges associated with thunderstorms can produce terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), i.e., intense bursts of x rays and γ rays lasting a few milliseconds or less. We present in this Letter new TGF timing and spectral data based on the observations of the Italian Space Agency AGILE satellite. We determine that the TGF emission above 10 MeV has a significant power-law spectral component reaching energies up to 100 MeV. These results challenge TGF theoretical models based on runaway electron acceleration. The TGF discharge electric field accelerates particles over the large distances for which maximal voltages of hundreds of megavolts can be established. The combination of huge potentials and large electric fields in TGFs can efficiently accelerate particles in large numbers, and we reconsider here the photon spectrum and the neutron production by photonuclear reactions in the atmosphere.
Selective feticide of an affected fetus in the second trimester has comparable risks to those in the first trimester

The broad acceptance of prenatal diagnosis of various genetic diseases leads to an ever‐increasing number of parturients with twin gestations undergoing selective feticide of an affected fetus. In most of the cases, delayed diagnosis leads to second trimester reduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this procedure can be performed in the second trimester with results comparable to those obtained when it is performed in the first trimester. There was a 5.6% miscarriage rate in the group reduced in the first trimester (n=18, Group A) and an 8.3% miscarriage rate in the group reduced in the second trimester (n=48, Group B). The mean weight of neonates in the first group was 2780 g, and in the second group 2620 g. The mean gestational age at delivery was 36.7 weeks for Group A and 35.1 weeks for Group B. No significant differences were observed for any two‐paired values considered. There was no perinatal mortality in either group. We therefore conclude that selective feticide of an affected fetus is as safe in the second trimester as it is in the first. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Database systems: achievements and opportunities

The history of database system research in the U.S. is one of exceptional productivity and startling economic impact. Barely twenty years old as a basic science research field, database research conducted with Federal support in the nation's universities and in its industrial research laboratories has fueled an information services industry estimated at $10 billion per year in the U.S. alone. This industry has grown at an average rate of 20 percent per year since 1965 and is continuing to expand at this rate. Achievements in database research underpin fundamental advances in communications systems, transportation and logistics, financial management, knowledge-based systems, accessibility to scientific literature, and a host of other civilian and defense applications. They also serve as the foundation for considerable progress in basic science in various fields ranging from computing to biology.
Catheter Ablation of the Superolateral Mitral Isthmus Line: A Novel Approach to Reduce the Need for Epicardial Ablation

Background The mitral isthmus is a critical part of perimitral reentrant tachycardia, as well as an important substrate of persistent atrial fibrillation. Deployment of an endocardial mitral isthmus line (MIL) with the end point of bidirectional block may be challenging and often requires additional epicardial ablation within the coronary sinus. Methods and Results The study population comprised 114 patients with perimitral flutter who underwent de novo ablation of an MIL. The initial 57 patients (group A) underwent catheter ablation using a novel superolateral MIL design, connecting the left-sided pulmonary veins with the mitral annulus along the posterior base of the left atrial appendage visualized by selective angiography. The next 57 patients (group B) served as a control group and underwent ablation using a conventional MIL design, connecting the left inferior pulmonary vein with the mitral annulus. Bidirectional block was achieved in 56 of 57 patients in group A (98.2%) and 50 of 57 patients in group B (87.7%; P=0.06). Deployment of a superolateral MIL required significantly less ablation from within the coronary sinus (7.0% versus 71.9%; P<0.01). Predictors for unsuccessful bidirectional mitral isthmus blockade were the need for epicardial ablation from within the coronary sinus (P<0.01) and the total length of the MIL (29.3±6.35 mm versus 40.8±7.29 mm; P=0.005). A higher rate of pericardial tamponade was observed in group A (5.2% versus 0%; P=0.24). Conclusions The superolateral MIL is associated with a high acute success rate to achieve bidirectional block using endocardial ablation only with minimal need for epicardial ablation from within the coronary sinus.
Antiretroviral penetration into the CNS and incidence of AIDS-defining neurologic conditions

Objective: The link between CNS penetration of antiretrovirals and AIDS-defining neurologic disorders remains largely unknown. Methods: HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy–naive individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration who started an antiretroviral regimen were classified according to the CNS Penetration Effectiveness (CPE) score of their initial regimen into low (<8), medium (8–9), or high (>9) CPE score. We estimated “intention-to-treat” hazard ratios of 4 neuroAIDS conditions for baseline regimens with high and medium CPE scores compared with regimens with a low score. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential bias due to infrequent follow-up. Results: A total of 61,938 individuals were followed for a median (interquartile range) of 37 (18, 70) months. During follow-up, there were 235 cases of HIV dementia, 169 cases of toxoplasmosis, 128 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, and 141 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for initiating a combined antiretroviral therapy regimen with a high vs low CPE score was 1.74 (1.15, 2.65) for HIV dementia, 0.90 (0.50, 1.62) for toxoplasmosis, 1.13 (0.61, 2.11) for cryptococcal meningitis, and 1.32 (0.71, 2.47) for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The respective hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a medium vs low CPE score were 1.01 (0.73, 1.39), 0.80 (0.56, 1.15), 1.08 (0.73, 1.62), and 1.08 (0.73, 1.58). Conclusions: We estimated that initiation of a combined antiretroviral therapy regimen with a high CPE score increases the risk of HIV dementia, but not of other neuroAIDS conditions.
Experimental approach to prezygotic chromosome screening using only a single pair of gametes in mice

During in vitro embryo production, chromosome screening is essential to prevent pregnancy losses caused by embryonic chromosome aberrations. When the chromosome screening is completed before fertilization, gametes are effectively utilized as genetic resources. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chromosome screening of gametes accompanied by fertilization would be feasible using a single mouse spermatozoon and oocyte. Metaphase II oocytes were divided into a cytoplast and a karyoplast. For genome cloning of the gametes, androgenic and gynogenic embryos were produced by microinjection of sperm into cytoplasts and parthenogenetic activation of karyoplasts, respectively. Pairs of blastomeres from androgenic and gynogenic embryos were fused electrically to produce diploid embryos, which were transferred into pseudopregnant surrogate mothers to examine fetal development. Blastomeres from androgenic and gynogenic embryos were individually treated with calyculin A—a specific inhibitor of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases—for 2 h to induce premature chromosome condensation. Thereafter, chromosome analysis of blastomeres, reflecting the genetic constitution of individual spermatozoa and oocytes, was performed, and we confirmed that most of the androgenic and gynogenic 2-cell embryos had a haploid set of chromosomes in their sister blastomeres. The reconstructed embryos from blastomeres of androgenic and gynogenic 2-cell embryos could be implanted and develop into live fetuses, albeit at low efficiency. This study indicates that prezygotic chromosome screening and embryo production using a single pair of gametes may be practicable.
Mapping of multiple susceptibility variants within the MHC region for 7 immune-mediated diseases

The human MHC represents the strongest susceptibility locus for autoimmune diseases. However, the identification of the true predisposing gene(s) has been handicapped by the strong linkage disequilibrium across the region. Furthermore, most studies to date have been limited to the examination of a subset of the HLA and non-HLA genes with a marker density and sample size insufficient for mapping all independent association signals. We genotyped a panel of 1,472 SNPs to capture the common genomic variation across the 3.44 megabase (Mb) classic MHC region in 10,576 DNA samples derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, selective IgA deficiency, multiple sclerosis, and appropriate control samples. We identified the primary association signals for each disease and performed conditional regression to identify independent secondary signals. The data demonstrate that MHC associations with autoimmune diseases result from complex, multilocus effects that span the entire region.
Lack of Host Specialization on Winter Annual Grasses in the Fungal Seed Bank Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda

Generalist plant pathogens may have wide host ranges, but many exhibit varying degrees of host specialization, with multiple pathogen races that have narrower host ranges. These races are often genetically distinct, with each race causing highest disease incidence on its host of origin. We examined host specialization in the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda by reciprocally inoculating pathogen strains from Bromus tectorum and from four other winter annual grass weeds (Bromus diandrus, Bromus rubens, Bromus arvensis and Taeniatherum caput-medusae) onto dormant seeds of B. tectorum and each alternate host. We found that host species varied in resistance and pathogen strains varied in aggressiveness, but there was no evidence for host specialization. Most variation in aggressiveness was among strains within populations and was expressed similarly on both hosts, resulting in a positive correlation between strain-level disease incidence on B. tectorum and on the alternate host. In spite of this lack of host specialization, we detected weak but significant population genetic structure as a function of host species using two neutral marker systems that yielded similar results. This genetic structure is most likely due to founder effects, as the pathogen is known to be dispersed with host seeds. All host species were highly susceptible to their own pathogen races. Tolerance to infection (i.e., the ability to germinate even when infected and thereby avoid seed mortality) increased as a function of seed germination rate, which in turn increased as dormancy was lost. Pyrenophora semeniperda apparently does not require host specialization to fully exploit these winter annual grass species, which share many life history features that make them ideal hosts for this pathogen.
Effects of the display angle in museums on user's cognition, behavior, and subjective responses

In order to achieve the intended level of communication with visitors in museums where large displays are installed, it is essential to understand how various display factors affect visitors. We explore the effects of the display angle on individual users. In our experiment, we set up three types of flat displays - vertical, horizontal, and tilted - and comprehensively tested users' cognitive, behavioral, and subjective aspects. The results showed that a significant difference could be discerned in regards to cognitive and subjective aspects. Test results for the cognitive aspect showed that the display angle on which the displayed content was easy to understand and remember differed depending on age. Test results for the subjective aspect showed that irrespective of age, users rated tilted displays as being quicker to attract attention and easier to peruse, to understand and remember the content, and to interact with, and such displays were the most preferred.
Multilingual Entity-Centered Sentiment Analysis Evaluated by Parallel Corpora

We propose the creation and use of a multilingual parallel news corpus annotated with opinion towards entities, produced by projecting sentiment annotation from one language to several others. The objective is to save annotation time for development and evaluation purposes, and to guarantee comparability of opinion mining evaluation results across languages. By creating this resource, we answered the question whether sentiment is consistently translated across languages so that projection can actually be an option. We describe our approach to multilingual sentiment analysis and show its performance in 7 languages of the parallel corpus.
Cytoskeleton alteration correlates with gross structural plasticity in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus

Monocular deprivation during early development causes rearrangement of neural connections within the visual cortex that produces a shift in ocular dominance favoring the non-deprived eye. This alteration is manifested anatomically within deprived layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) where neurons have smaller somata and reduced geniculocortical terminal fields compared to non-deprived counterparts. Experiments using monocular deprivation have demonstrated a spatial correlation between cytoskeleton alteration and morphological change within the cat LGN, raising the possibility that subcellular events mediating deprivation-related structural rearrangement include modification to the neuronal cytoskeleton. In the current study we compared the spatial and temporal relationships between cytoskeleton alteration and morphological change in the cat LGN. Cross-sectional soma area and neurofilament labeling were examined in the LGN of kittens monocularly deprived at the peak of the critical period for durations that ranged from 1 day to 7 months. After 4 days of deprivation, neuron somata within deprived layers of the LGN were significantly smaller than those within non-deprived layers. This structural change was accompanied by a spatially coincident reduction in neurofilament immunopositive neurons that was likewise significant after 4 days of deprivation. Both anatomical effects reached close to their maximum by 10 days of deprivation. Results from this study demonstrate that alteration to the neuronal cytoskeleton is both spatially and temporally linked to the gross structural changes induced by monocular deprivation.
Prediction of Outcome from the Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Fidelity Scale

Abstract Background: Assertive community treatment (ACT) is an intensive and comprehensive treatment for clients with severe mental illness (SMI) who do not readily benefit from clinic-based services. Monitoring the implementation of such programs is critical, because better-implemented programs have been found to be effective in improving client outcomes. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that fidelity to the ACT model would be positively correlated with improved client outcomes, as measured by reduction in psychiatric hospital use. Methods: A scale measuring fidelity of program implementation, the Dartmouth ACT Scale, was examined in 10 newly formed ACT teams. Using the team as the unit of measure, the mean reduction in state hospital days for a 1-year period before and after program admission was calculated. Mean effect size in reduction in hospital days was used as the outcome measure in a correlational design. Results: Pre/post comparisons showed a 43% reduction in hospital days for 317 clients (t=8.61, P<.001). The Pearson correlation between DACTS fidelity and reduction of state hospitaldays was . 49, P=. 08, one-tailed. Conclusion: Several possible reasons are offered for why the study hypothesis was not confirmed. However, even if predictive validity of the Dartmouth ACT Scale is limited, it continues to be a useful tool for program monitoring and for providing corrective feedback.
Epidemiology of HIV-related oral manifestations in women: a review.

OBJECTIVE (1) To assess the extent of knowledge acquired since 1981 on the epidemiology of HIV-related oral manifestations in women; (2) to determine if these findings differ by gender; and (3) to assess the needs and direction for future epidemiologic research on oral disease and HIV infection in women in relation to men. DATA IDENTIFICATION A computer-assisted search was conducted to identify epidemiologic studies reporting the frequency of various oral conditions in HIV-infected women. Studies on periodontal disease as manifestation of HIV infection were not included. DATA EXTRACTION Methods used in the retrieved articles were reviewed with respect to target population, study design, sampling scheme, outcomes, measurements and statistical issues. Results were summarized in relation to oral findings in HIV-infected men. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Most studies were prospective, and sample selection was non-random. Studies differed with respect to geographic location, risk category for HIV transmission, and stage of HIV disease. Despite these differences, oral lesions were found in at least 15% of HIV-infected women, and the most common oral lesion in all studies was candidiasis. Women differed from men with respect to the prevalence of hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) both of which were significantly less common in women. CONCLUSION Future epidemiologic studies should be directed at identifying cofactors involved in addition to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of hairy leukoplakia, and in addition to KS herpes virus (KSHV) in the occurrence of KS.
A calculus for network delay, Part I: Network elements in isolation

A calculus is developed for obtaining bounds on delay and buffering requirements in a communication network operating in a packet switched mode under a fixed routing strategy. The theory developed is different from traditional approaches to analyzing delay because the model used to describe the entry of data into the network is nonprobabilistic. It is supposed that the data stream entered into the network by any given user satisfies burstiness constraints. A data stream is said to satisfy a burstiness constraint if the quantity of data from the stream contained in any interval of time is less than a value that depends on the length of the interval. Several network elements are defined that can be used as building blocks to model a wide variety of communication networks. Each type of network element is analyzed by assuming that the traffic entering it satisfies bursting constraints. Under this assumption, bounds are obtained on delay and buffering requirements for the network element; burstiness constraints satisfied by the traffic that exits the element are derived. >