Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATTACHMENT STYLE AND BEREAVEMENT REACTIONS

This study explored specific associations between global attachment styles (e.g., secure, anxiousambivalent, avoidant),attachment to the deceased, suddenness of death, and three specific reactions to bereavement (grief, depression, and somatization) in a sample of 91 adults (21 men, 70 women) who had lost a loved one in the past 18 months. A path model on cross-sectional data (obtained after the bereavement) examined several specific predictions, controlling for background variables such as gender, age, and education of the respondents, age of the deceased, time since the death, and social desirability responding. As predicted, individuals who reported having a closer attachment to the deceased and had a more sudden loss reported greater levels of grief. Individuals with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style reported greater levels of grief and depression. Somatization was more likely to be reported by those with an avoidant attachment style. Although not predicted, we also found that individuals with a secure attachment style reported less depression. Social desirability responding was associated with reports of more grief. A greater time since the death and less education were associated with less depression, and older respondents reported less somatization. Discussion focuses on the importance of distinguishing grief, depression, and somatization following bereavement in order to better predict and identify individuals at risk for adverse bereavement reactions. In the context of the study 'slimitations (cross-sectional design and issues of generalizability), the potential utility attachment style may provide in identifying maladaptive reactions following the loss of a loved one is also discussed.
The dependent patient in a psychiatric inpatient setting: relationship of interpersonal dependency to consultation and medication frequencies.

To examine the relationship between interpersonal dependency and medical service use in a hospital setting, the number of medical consultations and psychotropic medication prescriptions were compared in matched, mixed-sex samples of 40 dependent and 40 nondependent psychiatric inpatients. Results indicated that dependent patients received more medical consultations and a greater number of medications than did nondependent patients with similar demographic and diagnostic profiles. Implications of these results for theoretical models of interpersonal dependency and for previous research on the dependency-help-seeking relationship are discussed. Practical implications of these findings for work with dependent patients are summarized.
Development and validation of an instrument for assessing job demands arising from accelerated change: The intensification of job demands scale (IDS)

Accelerated societal and organizational changes have placed new pressures on employees. Especially, service employees are exposed to intensified workloads, planning and decision-making, and learning demands. Despite the growing attention given to this intensification of job demands, a comprehensive measure is missing. In the present study, we developed the Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) and validated it in four samples (N = 1363). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the differentiation into five subscales, namely work intensification, intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, intensified knowledge-related learning demands, and intensified skill-related learning demands. This five-factor structure holds for both the German and the English versions of the instrument. Convergent and discriminant validity tests showed that the IDS subscales are moderately related to established measures of job demands, but at most have small correlations with negative affectivity. Providing support for the incremental validity, the IDS subscales were found to add to the prediction of burnout and job satisfaction beyond established job demands. Finally, the IDS subscales helped to identify employees who experienced changes in their work situation. In sum, the results indicate that the IDS is a valid and reliable measure to assess the intensification of job demands.
Kindergarten Teachers' Perceptions of Language and Literacy Development, Speech—Language Pathologists, and Language Interventions

A survey study examined the perceptions of 484 kindergarten teachers in one midwestern state regarding language and literacy development, roles and responsibilities of speech—language pathologists (SLP), and teacher-delivered interventions in the classroom. Quantitative and qualitative findings from a 36-item survey revealed that the majority of respondents had professional preparation, appreciated the importance of language development, recognized some indications of atypical language development in young children, and supported language development in their classrooms. Furthermore, participants had positive impressions of SLPs' expertise. Although educators and SLPs face challenges in collaborating to serve children with language-based literacy problems, findings suggested teachers were positive about their shared roles. Participants welcomed opportunities to collaborate with SLPs in areas of language and literacy.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oro-facial injuries and oro-facial protective devices among physical instructors in Bangalore.

BACKGROUND Sports specific dental injuries are seen to occur frequently among children and young athletes. Dental injury is a distressing event often causing psychological as well as physical problems. The risk of children getting dental injuries during sports activities can be minimized by using a mouth guard and other oro-facial protective devices. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of physical instructors in Bangalore, regarding oro-facial injuries and orofacial protective devices. MATERIAL & METHODS A self-completion questionnaire was sent to 50 physical instructors of schools, sports academies and gymnasiums situated in the South of Bangalore city. The questionnaire sought information about the knowledge of the incidence of oro-facial injuries, common sports causing oro-facial injuries and oro-facial protective devices and their role in the prevention of injuries. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The population under study comprised of 92 males and 8 females. About 38% of oro-facial injuries were reported by physical instructors in the previous year. Physical instructors had knowledge regarding oro-facial protective devices like mouth guards (54%) and helmet (40%). The attitude and practice regarding the usage of mouth guards was found to be minimal. CONCLUSION The physical instructors had knowledge especially through the media on the protective effectiveness of mouth guards in reducing the oro facial injuries. Despite their awareness, only 4% of them recommended the mandatory use of the mouth guards. Majority of them could not recommend its usage as they were unaware of its availability and the reason for not using the mouth is its improper fitting. How to cite the article: Neeraja G, Bharadwaj S, Shah K, Subramaniam P. Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oro-facial injuries and oro-facial protective devices among physical instructors in Bangalore. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):1-6.
A study of the factorial invariance of the Student Engagement Instrument (SEI): Results from middle and high school students

The construct of student engagement is increasingly prevalent in the field of education, serving as the foundation of dropout prevention and high school reform initiatives. The purpose of this study was to further examine 1 measure of student engagement, the Student Engagement Instrument (SEI), designed to measure 2 subtypes of student engagement: cognitive and affective. This research extended the initial validation work on the SEI by examining score reliability and factorial invariance across grades and gender. Students (N 2,416) were sampled from school districts in the rural Southeast and Upper Midwest of the United States. Results indicated similar factor structure, equal score reliability, and similar latent factor relationships across all grades. Evidence supported the contention that the SEI may be used at the middle and high school levels to measure cognitive and affective subtypes of student engagement.
Fingers Phrase Music Differently: Trial-to-Trial Variability in Piano Scale Playing and Auditory Perception Reveal Motor Chunking

We investigated how musical phrasing and motor sequencing interact to yield timing patterns in the conservatory students’ playing piano scales. We propose a novel analysis method that compared the measured note onsets to an objectively regular scale fitted to the data. Subsequently, we segment the timing variability into (i) systematic deviations from objective evenness that are perhaps residuals of expressive timing or of perceptual biases and (ii) non-systematic deviations that can be interpreted as motor execution errors, perhaps due to noise in the nervous system. The former, systematic deviations reveal that the two-octave scales are played as a single musical phrase. The latter, trial-to-trial variabilities reveal that pianists’ timing was less consistent at the boundaries between the octaves, providing evidence that the octave is represented as a single motor sequence. These effects cannot be explained by low-level properties of the motor task such as the thumb passage and also did not show up in simulated scales with temporal jitter. Intriguingly, this instability in motor production around the octave boundary is mirrored by an impairment in the detection of timing deviations at those positions, suggesting that chunks overlap between perception and action. We conclude that the octave boundary instability in the scale playing motor program provides behavioral evidence that our brain chunks musical sequences into octave units that do not coincide with musical phrases. Our results indicate that trial-to-trial variability is a novel and meaningful indicator of this chunking. The procedure can readily be extended to a variety of tasks to help understand how movements are divided into units and what processing occurs at their boundaries.
Analytical percolation model for predicting anomalous charge loss in flash memories

Data retention in flash memories is limited by anomalous charge loss. In this work, this phenomenon is modeled with a percolation concept. An analytical model is constructed that relates the charge-loss distribution of moving bits in flash memories with the geometric distribution of oxide traps. The oxide is characterized by a single parameter, the trap density. Combined with a trap-to-trap direct tunneling model, the physical parameters of the electron traps involved in the leakage mechanism are determined. Flash memory failure rate predictions for different oxide qualities, thicknesses and tunnel-oxide voltages are calculated.
Eager to Leave? Intentions to Migrate Abroad among Young People in Kyrgyzstan 1

This study examines young people's intentions to migrate abroad in Kyrgyzstan, focusing in particular on differences between Asian and European-origin ethnic groups. The multivariate analyses of recent survey data show that even after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and social embeddedness Europeans are significantly more inclined to migrate than Asians. Whereas no gender differences in migration intentions among either group are detected, marriage, childbearing, and social capital exhibit distinct ethnic-specific effects. Although economic considerations are prevailing stimuli for migration in both groups, the results point to the formation of two dominant ethnic-specific migration preference types – for temporary migration among Asians and permanent migration among Europeans.
The Barley Magnesium Chelatase 150-kD Subunit Is Not an Abscisic Acid Receptor1[OA]

Magnesium chelatase is the first unique enzyme of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. It is composed of three gene products of which the largest is 150 kD. This protein was recently identified as an abscisic acid receptor in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We have evaluated whether the barley (Hordeum vulgare) magnesium chelatase large subunit, XanF, could be a receptor for the phytohormone. The study involved analysis of recombinant magnesium chelatase protein as well as several induced chlorophyll-deficient magnesium chelatase mutants with defects identified at the gene and protein levels. Abscisic acid had no effect on magnesium chelatase activity and binding to the barley 150-kD protein could not be shown. Magnesium chelatase mutants showed a wild-type response in respect to postgermination growth and stomatal aperture. Our results question the function of the large magnesium chelatase subunit as an abscisic acid receptor.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of a Developmentally Based Instructional Model on Young Children with Autism and Young Children with Other Disorders of Behavior and Development

The progress made by two different groups of preschool children, those with autism or related disorders and those with other emotional/behavioral and developmental disorders, in a particular instruction model was examined. The model was developmentally based and heavily influenced by Piaget's theory of cognitive development, pragmatics theory of language development, and Mahler's theory of development of interpersonal relationships. Both groups of children made greater progress than was predicted by their initial developmental rates in cognitive and language areas. An important and unexpected finding was the similar amount of progress made by the two groups: Specifically, the groups with autism did not make less progress than the comparison group, which ran contrary to our hypothesis.
Are they the same? Comparing the instructional quality of online and face‐to‐face graduate education courses

As instructors adopt web‐based learning environments, they must consider how students’ evaluations of learning reflect the overall quality of instruction. Traditional course evaluations are used for faculty retention, tenure and promotion decisions, but also provide instructors with valuable information on the quality of their instruction. This study looks at response rates and compares instructional quality, using student course evaluations along with additional data from online and face‐to‐face graduate education courses, to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. A statistical analysis of students’ course evaluations showed no significant difference in instructional quality based on the format used. Together with comparisons of student work, these results provide additional evidence in support of the finding of no significant difference between formats in the area of instructional quality.
On Experimental Discourse in Economics

The devices with which experimental economists account for and justify their own and their opponents’ views are investigated by examining transcripts of interviews with two participants in experimental economics. The earlier investigations of natural scientists’ discourse provide material for comparisons. The results suggest that in assessing an opponent’s deviating view experimentalists in economics can be more cautious than natural scientists to characterize their opponents as influenced by personal and social factors. Indeed, they seem to admit that to some extent both their own and their opponents’ behavior involves these influences. Regarding the development of disputes, the respondents constructed accounts where general optimism concerning the ability of empirical arguments to resolve disputes was linked with an idea of dialogues between theorists and experimentalists as vehicles of progress.
The role of culture in emotion-antecedent appraisal.

Do respondents in different cultures appraise emotion-antecedent events differently? Are similar appraisal profiles associated with the same emotions across cultures? These questions were studied for 7 emotions in 37 countries. Results show rather high convergence across geopolitical regions with respect to emotion specific profiles, suggesting universality of the appraisal mechanism. Empirical profiles corresponded in large measure to theoretical predictions. There were sizable differences between geopolitical regions with respect to general appraisal tendencies. Respondents in Africa tended to appraise events as more immoral, more unfair or unjust, and more externally caused. Respondents in Latin America tended to appraise emotion-antecedent events as less immoral than those in other regions. To find potential explanatory factors, a number of key country variables related to climate, cultural values, and socioeconomic-demographic factors were examined.
Parenting Talent: A Qualitative Investigation of the Roles Parents Play in Talent Development

Previous research has linked talent development to four factors—early experience, coaching, practice, and motivation. In addition to these factors, contemporary talent experts suggest that parents play a critical role in talent development. The purpose of the present study was to uncover parents’ in-time perspectives on the talent development roles they play, especially with regard to previously established talent factors. The present study used qualitative methods to collect and analyze data from the parents of 24 supremely talented children in a variety of talent domains such as chess, baton twirling, figure skating, and music. Results reconfirmed that talent is linked to the four factors and newly established that parents play a central, if not critical, role in enacting all four factors.
Five-year evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing bloodstream infections in Iran.

INTRODUCTION Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens causing BSI can limit therapeutic options and complicate patient management. METHODOLOGY To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in our pediatric population at Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, we studied the frequency and antibiogram patterns of blood culture isolates from January 2001 to December 2005. RESULTS Of 25,223 blood cultures examined, 2,581 (10.23 %) were positive for bacterial growth. The frequency of Gram-positive bacteria isolated was 47.6% (1228 of 2581) and that for Gram-negatives was 52.4% (1353 of 2581). The rates of methicillin (oxacillin) resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were 79% and 89%, respectively. About 45% of Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and approximately 66% to penicillin. Among the Gram-negative isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most frequently isolated, representing 943 (36.7%) over five years. This possibly represents an unrecognized hospital outbreak or contamination of blood culture bottles or other products such as skin disinfectants. Additionally, this pathogen showed extremely high rates of antimicrobial resistance. There were notable differences in frequency of the five most common microorganisms isolated from blood cultures, which can help set priorities for focused infection control efforts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the need to monitor blood culture isolates and their antimicrobial resistance patterns to observe resistance trends that would influence appropriate empiric treatment and infection control strategies for bacteremic children.
Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with elevated blood pressure.

OBJECTIVES To determine the association between carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (cIMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in children with elevated blood pressure. METHODS Study subjects (n = 32; mean age: 13.9 +/- 2.7 years) were untreated new referrals to a pediatric hypertension clinic with confirmed elevated blood pressure. LVM was calculated from 2-dimensionally guided m-mode echocardiographic measurements of the left ventricle. LVMI was calculated as LVM (g)/height (m)2.7, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as LVMI >95th percentile. Carotid artery duplex ultrasound was performed by protocol by experienced vascular sonographers who were unaware of the echocardiography results. The thickest IMT complex of the far wall of the distal common carotid artery was measured in longitudinal B-mode section using a high-resolution linear array of 8 MHz. RESULTS The prevalence of LVH and increased cIMT was 41% and 28%, respectively. Subjects with increased cIMT had higher LVMI (46.8 g/m2.7 vs 31.4 g/m2.7) than those with normal cIMT. The LVH prevalence was 89% (8 of 9) among subjects with increased cIMT as compared with 22% (5 of 23) in subjects with normal cIMT. cIMT was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.43), interventricular septal thickness (r = 0.58), posterior wall thickness (r = 0.54), and LVMI (r = 0.54). cIMT and LVMI were positively associated after accounting for age, gender, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise the possibility that carotid duplex ultrasound, by indicating the presence of early arterial wall changes, may be useful for predicting other cardiovascular sequelae in hypertensive children.
Biomarkers of morphine tolerance and dependence are prevented by morphine‐induced endocytosis of a mutant μ‐opioid receptor

Growing evidence shows that trafficking of the μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) is a critical process in functional recovery from desensitization following ac‐ tivation and plays important roles in morphine toler‐ ance and dependence largely because of the failure of morphine to promote such trafficking. However, mor‐ phine tolerance and dependence are believed to be mediated by multiple mechanisms, including well‐doc‐ umented biochemical changes in cAMP activity, N‐ methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs), glucocorti‐ coid receptors (GRs), and c‐fos. Here, we assess the consequences of promoting morphine‐induced endocy‐ tosis on these biochemical changes utilizing a knock‐in mouse model, RMOR, in which MORs undergo mor‐ phine‐induced endocytosis. Chronic morphine treat‐ ment of wild‐type (WT) mice promoted superactivation of adenylyl cyclase, alterations in NMDARs, and up‐ regulation of GR and c‐fos in distinct brain regions. Notably, none of these biochemical changes occurred in the RMOR‐knock‐in mice. Together, these data demonstrate that morphine tolerance and dependence are mediated by multiple biochemical mechanisms and that MOR endocytosis plays a critical role in each of these mechanisms. —He, L. , Kim, J. A. , Whistler, J. L. Biomarkers of morphine tolerance and dependence are prevented by morphine‐induced endocytosis of a mu‐ tant μ‐opioid receptor. FASEBJ. 23, 4327‐4334 (2009). www.fasebj. org