Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review.

IMPORTANCE Several management strategies may improve outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. OBJECTIVES To review evidence of management strategies for S. aureus bacteremia to determine whether transesophageal echocardiography is necessary in all adult cases and what is the optimal antibiotic therapy for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. EVIDENCE REVIEW A PubMed search from inception through May 2014 was performed to identify studies addressing the role of transesophageal echocardiography in S. aureus bacteremia. A second search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 through May 2014 was performed to find studies addressing antibiotic treatment for MRSA bacteremia. Studies reporting outcomes from antibiotic therapy for MRSA bacteremia were included. All searches, which were limited to English and focused on adults, were augmented by review of bibliographic references from included studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system with consensus of independent evaluations by at least 2 of the authors. FINDINGS In 9 studies with a total of 4050 patients, use of transesophageal echocardiography was associated with higher rates of a diagnosis of endocarditis (14%-28%) compared with transthoracic echocardiography (2%-15%). In 4 studies, clinical or transthoracic echocardiography findings did not predict subsequent transesophageal echocardiography findings of endocarditis. Five studies identified clinical or transthoracic echocardiography characteristics associated with low risk of endocarditis (negative predictive values from 93% to 100%). Characteristics associated with a low risk of endocarditis include absence of a permanent intracardiac device, sterile follow-up blood cultures within 4 days after the initial set, no hemodialysis dependence, nosocomial acquisition of S. aureus bacteremia, absence of secondary foci of infection, and no clinical signs of infective endocarditis. Of 81 studies of antibiotic therapy for MRSA bacteremia, only 1 high-quality trial was identified. In that study of 246 patients with S. aureus bacteremia, daptomycin was not inferior to vancomycin or an antistaphylococcal penicillin, each in combination with low-dose, short-course gentamicin (clinical success rate, 44.2% [53/120] vs 41.7% [48/115]; absolute difference, 2.4% [95% CI, -10.2% to 15.1%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE All adult patients with S. aureus bacteremia should undergo echocardiography. Characteristics of low-risk patients with S. aureus bacteremia for whom transesophageal echocardiography can be safely avoided have been identified. Vancomycin and daptomycin are the first-line antibiotic choices for MRSA bacteremia. Well-designed studies to address the management of S. aureus bacteremia are needed.
PolyC-Binding Protein 1 Interacts with 5′-Untranslated Region of Enterovirus 71 RNA in Membrane-Associated Complex to Facilitate Viral Replication

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which may lead to severe neurological disorders and mortality in children. EV71 genome is a positive single-stranded RNA containing a single open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR) and 3′UTR. The 5′UTR is fundamentally important for virus replication by interacting with cellular proteins. Here, we revealed that poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) specifically binds to the 5′UTR of EV71. Detailed studies indicated that the RNA-binding K-homologous 1 (KH1) domain of PCBP1 is responsible for its binding to the stem-loop I and IV of EV71 5′UTR. Interestingly, we revealed that PCBP1 is distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of uninfected cells, but mainly localized in the cytoplasm of EV71-infected cells due to interaction and co-localization with the viral RNA. Furthermore, sub-cellular distribution analysis showed that PCBP1 is located in ER-derived membrane, in where virus replication occurred in the cytoplasm of EV71-infected cells, suggesting PCBP1 is recruited in a membrane-associated replication complex. In addition, we found that the binding of PCBP1 to 5′UTR resulted in enhancing EV71 viral protein expression and virus production so as to facilitate viral replication. Thus, we revealed a novel mechanism in which PCBP1 as a positive regulator involved in regulation of EV71 replication in the host specialized membrane-associated replication complex, which provides an insight into cellular factors involved in EV71 replication.
HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE AIR SUGIHAN SUB-RIVER BASIN, SOUTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Characteristics of suboptimal land, which is usually located in a river basin area, is strongly influenced by soil conditions, hydrology and climate, in which its management requires an integrated data assessment and utilization. In order to examine the climatic and hydrological conditions as well as the tidal effect in the Air Sugihan sub-river basin, a water balance analysis was conducted on the combined climatic data obtained from satellite remote sensing and in-situ monthly tidal data for a period of 2001-2013. The climatic data includes a monthly precipitation data, surface winds, surface temperature, surface, and subsurface runoff. The water balance analysis shows that the average total annual runoff occurring in the study area was about 87.7 mm/month or equal to 102.67 m3/s. In addition, the water balance in the study area indicates an annual variation, in which the water deficit conditions are occurring in April to September with a peak during a dry season in August, while the surplus peak is occurring in November-December. However, the area is still experiencing a net annual surplus of about 302,468.81 m3/month. Furthermore, the water balance conditions in the Air Sugihan sub-river basin are significantly correlated with the tidal fluctuations indicated by a coefficient correlation of r = 0.88.
Using empathy to research creativity: collaborative investigations into distributed digital textile art and design practice

This paper describes the use of practice-based distributed collaborative investigations to examine ways in which digital technology can support creative visual art practice. The development of artworks through digital collaboration has enabled empathy to be used as a tool in the research process. The focus of this study concerns how digital technology impacts upon the creative strategies deployed by art practitioners and the resulting effect on creative cognition. Data gathered through qualitative ethnographic research methods has been verified through a series of practical investigations. Findings from this research indicate the importance of mutual experience and memory in the collaborative process. The investigations demonstrate how shared physical experience stimulates imagination through the building of visual concepts, enabling common values, language and trust to be developed concurrently.
Nitric oxide and synaptic function.

The free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) is a recently identified neuronal messenger that carries out diverse signaling tasks in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Whereas most neurotransmitters are packaged in synaptic vesicles and secreted in a Ca2+-dependent manner from specialized nerve endings, NO is an unconventional transmitter which is not packaged in vesicles, but rather diffuses from its site of production in the absence of any specialized release machinery. The lack of a requirement for release apparatus raises the possibility that NO can be released from both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal elements. In addition, because NO is gaseous and extremely membrane permeant, it can bypass normal signal transduction routes involving interactions with synaptic membrane receptors. Although the targets of NO have not yet been completely described, it is known that NO can bind to the iron contained in heine groups, leading to conformational changes in associated proteins, such as guanylyl cyclase.
Prioritizing Tests for Software Fault Localization

Test prioritization techniques select test cases that maximize the confidence on the correctness of the system when the resources for quality assurance (QA) are limited. In the event of a test failing, the fault at the root of the failure has to be localized, adding an extra debugging cost that has to be taken into account as well. However, test suites that are prioritized for failure detection can reduce the amount of useful information for fault localization. This deteriorates the quality of the diagnosis provided, making the subsequent debugging phase more expensive, and defeating the purpose of the test cost minimization. In this paper we introduce a new test case prioritization approach that maximizes the improvement of the diagnostic information per test. Our approach minimizes the loss of diagnostic quality in the prioritized test suite. When considering QA cost as the combination of testing cost and debugging cost, on the Siemens set, the results of our test case prioritization approach show up to a 53% reduction of the overall QA cost, compared with the next best technique.
Peripheral Blood Platelets Express VEGF-C and VEGF which Are Released during Platelet Activation

Summary VEGF-C is a recently characterised endothelial growth factor structurally related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We studied the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF in the cells of peripheral blood and in the umbilical cord blood CD 34+ cells, representing haematopoietic progenitor cells. Expression of VEGF-C was detected in the CD34+ cells. In peripheral blood VEGF-C mRNA was restricted to platelets and T-cells. In contrast to the expression pattern of VEGF-C, VEGF mRNA was detected in all peripheral blood cell fractions studied, and also in CD34+ cells. VEGF-C mRNA was also detected in fresh bone marrow samples of acute leukaemia patients, but the expression did not show lineage specificity. VEGF-C and VEGF polypeptides were present in platelets and they were released from activated platelets together with the release of β-thromboglobulin, suggesting that VEGF-C and VEGF reside in the α-granules of platelets. VEGF-C and VEGF, released from activated platelets, may have a role in angiogenesis during wound healing, and possibly also in other pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, tumour growth, and metastasis formation.
Nitrogen Fixation in the Intertidal Sediments of the Yangtze Estuary: Occurrence and Environmental Implications

Nitrogen fixation is a microbial‐mediated process converting atmospheric dinitrogen gas to biologically available ammonia or other molecules, and it plays an important role in regulating nitrogen budgets in coastal marine ecosystems. In this study, nitrogen fixation in the intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary was investigated using nitrogen isotope tracing technique. The abundance of nitrogen fixation functional gene (nifH) was also quantified. The measured rates of sediment nitrogen fixation ranged from 0.37 to 7.91 nmol N g−1 hr−1, while the abundance of nifH gene varied from 2.28 × 106 to 1.28 × 108 copies g−1 in the study area. The benthic nitrogen fixation was correlated closely to the abundance of nifH gene and was affected significantly by salinity, pH, and availability of sediment organic carbon and ammonium. It is estimated that sediment nitrogen fixation contributed approximately 9.3% of the total terrigenous inorganic nitrogen transported annually into the Yangtze estuarine and coastal environment. This result implies that the occurrence of benthic nitrogen fixation acts as an important internal source of reactive nitrogen and to some extent exacerbates nitrogen pollution in this aquatic ecosystem.
Relationships among Anxious Symptomatology, Anxiety Sensitivity and Laboratory Pain Responsivity in Children

Existing laboratory‐based research in adult samples has suggested that anxiety sensitivity (AS) increases an individual's propensity to experience pain‐related anxiety, which in turn enhances pain responsivity. Such relationships have not been examined in younger populations. Thus, the present study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test a conceptual model in which AS would evidence an indirect relationship with pain intensity via its contribution to state‐specific anticipatory anxiety in relation to a variety of laboratory pain tasks (cold pressor, thermal heat, and pressure pain) in 234 healthy children (116 girls; mean age = 12.6 years, range = 8–18 years). The model further hypothesized that existing anxious symptomatology would demonstrate a direct relationship with pain intensity. Results of the SEM supported the proposed conceptual model with the total indirect effect of AS accounting for 29% of the variance in laboratory pain intensity via its effects on pain‐related anticipatory anxiety. AS did not however, evidence a direct relationship with pain intensity. Anxious symptomatology on the other hand, demonstrated a significant direct effect on pain intensity, accounting for 15% of variance. The combined effects of AS, anxiety symptoms, and anticipatory anxiety together explained 62% of the variance in pain intensity. These relationships did not differ for boys and girls, indicating no moderating effect of sex in the proposed model. The present results support the potential benefit of assessing both AS and anxiety symptoms in children prior to undergoing painful stimulation.
New trends in treatment for psychosis

The purpose of this paper is to summarize current knowledge about pharmacological, psychosocial, and other emerging treatments for psychoses. Although antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment for psychoses, and particularly for schizophrenia, the degree of improvement in positive symptoms is moderate, and they have no demonstrable efficacy against positive enduring or deficit negative symptoms. Indeed, many patients continue to suffer from persistent positive symptoms and relapses, particularly when they fail to adhere to prescribed medications. This underlines the need for additional treatment methods to help patients understand and manage their disorders, alleviate symptoms, improve adherence, social functioning and quality of life, and solve problems that do not fully respond to medication. Nowadays, comprehensive treatment entails a multi-modal approach, including medication, psychotherapy and social treatments (psychoeducation and coping-oriented interventions, cognitive behaviour therapy, cognitive remediation, social skills training and assertive community treatment), as well as assistance with housing and financial support. In the foreseeable future, phase-specific interventions should be applied to the different stages of psychoses.
Significant effects of weak gravitational lensing on determinations of the cosmology from Type Ia supernovae

Significant adjustments to the values of the cosmological parameters estimated from high-redshift Type Ia supernovae data are reported, almost an order of magnitude greater than previously found. They arise from the effects of weak gravitational lensing on observations of high-redshift sources. The lensing statistics used have been obtained from computations of the three-dimensional shear in a range of cosmological N-body simulations, from which it is estimated that cosmologies with an underlying deceleration parameter may be interpreted as having q0=−0.55 (appropriate to the currently popular cosmology with density parameter ΩM=0.3 and vacuum energy density parameter ΩΛ=0.7). In addition, the standard deviation expected from weak lensing for the peak magnitudes of Type Ia supernovae at redshifts of z=1 is expected to be approximately 0.078 mag, and 0.185 mag at redshift z=2. This latter value is greater than the accepted intrinsic dispersion of 0.17 mag. Consequently, the effects of weak lensing in observations of high-redshift sources must be taken properly into account.
Effect of nitrogen dioxide and ozone on the risk of dying in patients with severe asthma

Background: A study was performed to assess the acute association between air pollution, pollen and spores, and mortality in a population based cohort of subjects with asthma recruited from emergency room admissions for an asthma exacerbation using a case crossover design. Methods: Patients in Barcelona aged over 14 years who died during the period 1985–95 who had visited the emergency department of one of the four largest hospitals in the city for asthma during 1985–9 were included in the study (a total of 467 men and 611 women). Deaths were identified by record linkage of the cohort individuals with the Catalonia mortality registry. Causes of death were based on the underlying cause on the death certificate. Air pollution, pollen and spore levels were measured at the city monitoring stations which provide an average for the entire city. Results: Nitrogen dioxide was associated with mortality for all causes of death (adjusted odds ratio (OR) for an increase of the interquartile range = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 2.64) in asthmatic patients with more than one emergency room admission for asthma. The association was particularly strong for respiratory causes (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.86). Ozone also increased the risk of death in asthmatic patients (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.30) during spring and summer. The association with particles, pollen, and spores was not significant, and no interactions between air pollutants and pollen and spores were found. Conclusion: Nitrogen dioxide and ozone may exacerbate severe asthma and even cause death among asthmatic subjects.
It Takes Two (To Co-View): Collaborative Multi-View TV

This paper investigates how we can design interfaces and interactions for multi-view TVs, enabling users to transition between independent and shared activity, dynamically control awareness of other users activities, and collaborate more effectively on shared activities. We conducted two user studies, first comparing an Android-based two-user TV against both multi-screen and multi-view TVs. Based on our findings, we iterated on our design, giving users the ability to dynamically set their engagement with other users activity. We provide the foundations of a multi-user multi-view smart TV that can support users to transition between independent and shared activity and gain awareness of the activities of others, on a single shared TV that no longer suffers the bottleneck of one physical view. Through this we significantly improve upon a user's capability for collaborative and independent activity compared to single-view smart TVs.
Documenting Typical Crosscutting Concerns

Our analysis of crosscutting concerns in real-life software systems (totaling over 500,000 LOC) and in reports from literature indicated a number of properties that allow for their decomposition in primitive building blocks which are atomic crosscutting concerns. We classify these blocks in crosscutting concern sorts, and we use them to describe the cross- cutting structure of many (well-known) designs and common mechanisms in software systems. In this paper, we formalize the notion of crosscutting concern sorts by means of relational queries over (object-oriented) source models. Based on these queries, we present a concern management tool called SoQUET, which can be used to document the occurrences of crosscutting concerns in object-oriented systems. We assess the sorts-based approach by using the tool to cover various crosscutting concerns in two open-source systems: JHOTDRAW and Java PETSTORE.
Modeling tactical lane-change behavior for automated vehicles: A supervised machine learning approach

In recent years, due to growing interest in automated driving, the need for better understanding the humans driving behavior, and particularly the lane changing and car following behavior, has further increased. Despite its great importance, lane changing has not been studied as extensively as longitudinal behavior and remains one of the most challenging driving behavior maneuvers to understand and to predict. Drivers take into account many factors while making a tactical decision, which cannot be precisely represented by the conventional rule-based models. In this paper, we compare the results of different supervised machine learning classifiers to better understand the lane change decision of drivers using the NGSIM database. For this aim, after choosing the relevant features, the ones which contribute the most to the model were chosen with the help of feature importance analysis. Afterward, the training dataset was used to train the model with naive Bayes, support vector machines, logic regression, nearest neighborhoods, decision trees, extra trees and random forest classifiers. The accuracy of predictions for test dataset indicates that extra trees classifier, decision trees and random forest had the best performance in predicting the lane change decisions of human drivers.
SYNERGY-BASED SMALL-MOLECULE SCREEN USING A HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELL LINE F508-CFTR CORRECTORS THAT AUGMENT VX-809 MAXIMAL EFFICACY

The most prevalent CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis, Δ F508, impairs folding of nucleotide binding domain 1 (NBD1) and stability of the interface between NBD1 and the membrane spanning domains (MSDs). The interfacial stability defect can be partially corrected by the investigational drug VX-809 or the R1070W mutation. ‘Second-generation’ Δ F508-CFTR correctors are needed to improve on the modest efficacy of existing CF correctors. We postulated that a second corrector targeting a distinct folding/interfacial defect might act in synergy with VX-809 or the R1070W suppressor mutation. A biochemical screen for Δ F508-CFTR cell surface expression was developed in a human lung epithelium- derived cell line (CFBE41o-) by expressing chimeric CFTRs with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the fourth exofacial loop either in the presence or absence of R1070W. Using a luminescence read-out of HRP activity, screening of ~110,000 small molecules produced 9 novel corrector scaffolds that increased cell surface ∆ F508-CFTR expression by up to 200 % in the presence vs. absence of maximal VX-809. Further screening of 1006 analogs of compounds identified from the primary screen produced 15 correctors with EC 50 <5 µM. 8 chemical scaffolds showed synergy with VX-809 in restoring chloride permeability in ∆ F508-expressing A549 cells. An aminothiazole increased chloride conductance in human bronchial epithelial cells from a Δ F508 homozygous subject beyond that of maximal VX-809. Mechanistic studies suggested that NBD2 is required for the aminothiazole rescue. Our results provide proof-of-concept for synergy screening to identify second-generation correctors, which, when used in combination, may overcome the ‘therapeutic ceiling’ of first-generation correctors.