Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shame and Psychosocial Development in Religiously Affiliated Sexual Minority Women

Shame and psychosocial developmental difficulties are issues of concern for many sexual minority women most likely due to the negative impact of heterosexism, internalized homophobia, sexual stigma, religious affiliation, and sexual minority stress. This study hypothesizes that religiously affiliated sexual minority women, when compared to non-sexual minority women, would show significantly higher levels of shame and lower levels of psychosocial development. This sample’s shame and psychosocial resolution scores all fell within the spectrum of normative levels for non-clinical samples of women. Significant differences between sexual status groups were found on shame and total negative psychosocial resolution, but effect size was small. It was also hypothesized that stages of psychosocial development, sexual status, and history of counseling would predict trait shame in religiously affiliated women. Psychosocial development was the sole significant and strong predictor, suggesting that the strong relationship between psychosocial development and shame is present regardless of a female’s sexual identity. For sexual minority women, identity/identity confusion, trust/mistrust, and autonomy/shame and doubt, accounted for 64% of shame variance. This sample was heavily weighted with women who reported same-sex attraction or same-sex behavior but who dis-identified as a sexual minority.
The impact of ground water high in sulfates on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and tissue mineral levels of pigs housed under commercial conditions

Summary Objective: To examine the effect of drinking water high in sulfates on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and tissue mineral levels of newly weaned pigs housed in a commercial operation. Materials and methods: Performance and nutrient digestibility were determined for pigs consuming either water treated by reverse osmosis (RO; 219 mg total dissolved solutes (TDS) per L, 29 mg sulfates per L) or untreated ground water (3078 mg TDS per L, 1650 mg sulfates per L). In each of two experiments, approximately 240 pigs (20 ± 3 days of age, 5.9 ± 1.0 kg) received either RO-treated or untreated water for 35 days. In Experiment One, water was delivered either via nipple drinkers or dish-type drinkers. In Experiment Two, diets either contained supplemental zinc oxide (3000 mg zinc per kg) or no supplemental zinc. Results: Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, water disappearance, and nutrient digestibility were similar regardless of water source (P > .05). Water disappearance was lower (P < .01) and feed efficiency tended to be higher (P < .10) when pigs used dish-type drinkers. Average daily gain and feed intake were lowest when pigs consumed a diet with added zinc (P < .05) and, for the first 3 weeks after weaning, when they also received untreated water (diet-by-water interaction; P < .05). Implications: Weanling pigs can tolerate drinking water containing high concentrations of sulfates. Poor performance or diarrhea in nursery pigs should not be attributed to water quality until other possible contributing factors are investigated.
Travelers’ Health Risk Perceptions and Protective Behavior: A Psychological Approach

Although the significance of travel health risks is well documented, the process through which people assess their vulnerability and ultimately take on preventive measures needs clarification. The purpose of this article is to better understand factors underlying travelers’ health risk perceptions and their protective behavior. Using the health psychology literature, a conceptual model that incorporates multilevel psychological constructs was tested with 830 Australian outbound travelers. Worry was an important antecedent to both travel health risk perceptions and risk-protective behavior. Perceived control over health-related risks was not positively associated with risk perceptions but was positively associated with risk-protective behavior. Sensation-seeking propensity was negatively associated with risk perceptions but positively associated with risk-protective behavior. Travel risk perceptions mediated the relationship between the antecedents and risk-protective behavior. Implications for the design of health communication for industry and government are outlined, and future research avenues are also proposed.
A fire danger climatology for Tasmania

Forest fire danger indices are calculated for a number of Tasmanian locations over an extended period. Significant features of the resulting climatology include: the existence of a springtime peak in fire danger in eastern and southeastern Tasmania (although with substantial interannual variability); an apparent trend of increased severity of southeast Tasmanian springtime fire weather events; and differences in diurnal behaviour between the elevated location examined and those at lower levels.
Inhibition by lead of production and secretion of transthyretin in the choroid plexus: its relation to thyroxine transport at blood-CSF barrier.

Long-term, low-dose Pb exposure in rats is associated with a significant decrease in transthyretin (TTR) concentrations in the CSF. Since CSF TTR, a primary carrier of thyroxine in brain, is produced and secreted by the choroid plexus, in vitro studies were conducted to test whether Pb exposure interferes with TTR production and/or secretion by the choroid plexus, leading to an impaired thyroxine transport at the blood-CSF barrier. Newly synthesized TTR molecules in the cultured choroidal epithelial cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine. [35S]TTR in the cell lysates and culture media was immunoprecipitated and separated by SDS-PAGE, and quantitated by autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. Pb treatment did not significantly alter the protein concentrations in the culture, but inhibited the synthesis of total [35S]TTR (cells + media), particularly during the later chase phase. Two-way ANOVA of the chase phase revealed that Pb exposure (30 microM) significantly suppressed the rate of secretion of [35S]TTR compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Accordingly, Pb treatment caused a retention of [35S]TTR by the cells. In a two-chamber transport system with a monolayer of epithelial barrier, Pb exposure (30 microM) reduced the initial release rate constant (kr) of [125I]T4 from the cell monolayer to the culture media and impeded the transepithelial transport of [125I]T4 from the basal to apical side of epithelial cells by 27%. Taken together, these in vitro data suggest that sequestration of Pb in the choroid plexus hinders the production and secretion of TTR by this tissue. Consequently, this may alter the transport of thyroxine across this blood-CSF barrier.
A review and analysis of the use of ‘habit’ in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour

The term ‘habit’ is widely used to predict and explain behaviour. This paper examines use of the term in the context of health-related behaviour, and explores how the concept might be made more useful. A narrative review is presented, drawing on a scoping review of 136 empirical studies and 8 literature reviews undertaken to document usage of the term ‘habit’, and methods to measure it. A coherent definition of ‘habit’, and proposals for improved methods for studying it, were derived from findings. Definitions of ‘habit’ have varied in ways that are often implicit and not coherently linked with an underlying theory. A definition is proposed whereby habit is a process by which a stimulus generates an impulse to act as a result of a learned stimulus-response association. Habit-generated impulses may compete or combine with impulses and inhibitions arising from other sources, including conscious decision-making, to influence responses, and need not generate behaviour. Most research on habit is based on correlational studies using self-report measures. Adopting a coherent definition of ‘habit’, and a wider range of paradigms, designs and measures to study it, may accelerate progress in habit theory and application.
CA3-Driven Hippocampal-Entorhinal Loop Controls Rather than Sustains In Vitro Limbic Seizures

Continuous application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 50 μm) to combined slices of hippocampus–entorhinal cortex obtained from adult mice induces (1) interictal discharges that initiate in the CA3 area and propagate via the hippocampal regions CA1 and subiculum to the entorhinal cortex and return to the hippocampus through the dentate gyrus; and (2) ictal discharges that originate in the entorhinal cortex and propagate via the dentate gyrus to the hippocampus proper. Ictal discharges disappear over time, whereas synchronous interictal discharges continue to occur throughout the experiment. Lesioning the Schaffer collaterals abolishes interictal discharges in CA1, entorhinal cortex, and dentate gyrus and discloses entorhinal ictal discharges that propagate, via the dentate gyrus, to the CA3 subfield. Interictal discharges originating in CA3 also prevent the occurrence of ictal events generated in the entorhinal cortex during application of Mg2+-free medium. In both models, ictal discharge generation recorded in the entorhinal cortex after Schaffer collateral cut is prevented by mimicking CA3 neuronal activity through rhythmic electrical stimulation (0.25–1.5 Hz) of the CA1 hippocampal output region. Our findings demonstrate that interictal discharges of hippocampal origin control the expression of ictal epileptiform activity in the entorhinal cortex. Sectioning the Schaffer collaterals may model the chronic epileptic condition in which cell damage in the CA3 subfield results in loss of CA3 control over the entorhinal cortex. Hence, we propose that the functional integrity of hippocampal output neurons may represent a critical control point in temporal lobe epileptogenesis.
Seizure risk with AVM treatment or conservative management

Objectives: To compare the risk of epileptic seizures in adults during conservative management or following invasive treatment for a brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Methods: We used annual general practitioner follow-up, patient questionnaires, and medical records surveillance to quantify the 5-year risk of seizures and the chances of achieving 2-year seizure freedom for adults undergoing AVM treatment compared to adults managed conservatively in a prospective, population-based observational study of adults in Scotland, newly diagnosed with an AVM in 1999–2003. Results: We identified 229 adults with a new diagnosis of an AVM, of whom two-thirds received AVM treatment (154/229; 67%) during 1,862 person-years of follow-up (median completeness of follow-up 97%). There was no significant difference in the proportions with a first or recurrent seizure over 5 years following AVM treatment, compared to the first 5 years following clinical presentation in conservatively managed adults, in analyses stratified by mode of presentation (intracerebral hemorrhage, 35% vs 26%, p = 0.5; seizure, 67% vs 72%, p = 0.6; incidental, 21% vs 10%, p = 0.4). For patients with epilepsy, the chances of achieving 2-year seizure freedom during 5-year follow-up were similar following AVM treatment (n = 39; 52%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 36% to 68%) or conservative management (n = 21; 57%, 95% CI 35% to 79%; p = 0.7). Conclusions: In this observational study, there was no difference in the 5-year risk of seizures with AVM treatment or conservative management, irrespective of whether the AVM had presented with hemorrhage or epileptic seizures.
Ideology in the BBC and Press TV’s Coverage of Syria Unrest: A Schema-Based Approach

The present paper investigates how far ideologies can be teased out in discourse by examining the schemata employed by two ideologically opposed news media, the BBC and Press TV, to cover the Syrian crisis during a period of nine months in 2011. By assuming that news is not a value-free construction of facts and drawing on micro structural approach of schema theory a comparative analysis of twenty six news texts posted by the two news agencies was conducted. Every attempt was made to choose the news posted by the agencies on the same topic on the same date. The analysis showed that the BBC and Press TV employed not only exclusive but also common schemata, which were significantly different in number hammering their contrasting perspectives in the minds of their viewers. The results are discussed from an educational perspective and suggestions are made for future research.
Comparative study of visual inspection of the cervix using acetic acid (VIA) and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for cervical cancer screening

This article is a comparative study of two screening methods for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, an old and tested screening method, is compared with the findings from visual inspection of the cervix following acetic acid (VIA) wash. VIA is a new screening method being advocated by the World Health Organization as an alternative to Pap smear in low-resource settings. Objective: The objective of this article is to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of VIA and Pap smear. Methods: This was a comparative study carried out in the postnatal clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Pap smear samples were taken by the researcher. Samples were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and taken to the Pathology Department for interpretation. The cervix was then painted with 3–5% VIA and observed for aceto-white lesions. Suspected areas were biopsied and transported to the Pathology Department for interpretation. Patients with positive Pap smear results were also called back for biopsy. Biopsy served as the reference standard. Results: There were 351 samples that were suitable for statistical analysis. The sensitivity of VIA was 60%, specificity 94.4%, positive predictive value 50%, negative predictive value 99.4%, and accuracy was 98.6%. Pap smear had a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 99.4%, and accuracy of 99.4%. Conclusions: VIA had a comparable result with Pap smear. It should be incorporated into our national screening programme to complementthe cervical cytology in low-resource settings similar to ours.
Towards Physical Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors

In recent years, the use of a smartphone accelerometer in physical activity recognition has been well studied. However, the role of a gyroscope and a magnetometer is yet to be explored, both when used alone as well as in combination with an accelerometer. For this purpose, we investigate the role of these three smartphone sensors in activity recognition. We evaluate their roles on four body positions using seven classifiers while recognizing six physical activities. We show that in general an accelerometer and a gyroscope complement each other, thereby making the recognition process more reliable. Moreover, in most cases, a gyroscope does not only improve the recognition accuracy in combination with an accelerometer, but it also achieves a reasonable performance when used alone. The results for a magnetometer are not encouraging because it causes over-fitting in training classifiers due to its dependence on directions. Based on our evaluations, we show that it is difficult to make an exact general statement about which sensor performs better than the others in all situations because their recognition performance depends on the smartphone's position, the selected classifier, and the activity being recognized. However, statements about their roles in specific situations can be made. We report our observations and results in detail in this paper, while our data-set and data-collection app is publicly available, thereby making our experiments reproducible.
Integrating Large-Scale Text Mining and Co-Expression Networks : Targeting NADP ( H ) Metabolism in E . coli with Event Extraction

We present an application of EVEX, a literature-scale event extraction resource, in the concrete biological use case of NADP(H) metabolism regulation in Escherichia coli. We make extensive use of the EVEX event generalization based on gene family definitions in Ensembl Genomes, to extract cross-species candidate regulators. We manually evaluate the resulting network so as to only preserve correct events and facilitate its integration with microarray-based co-expression data. When analysing the combined network obtained from text mining and co-expression, we identify 41 candidate genes involved in triangular patterns involving both subnetworks. Several of these candidates are of particular interest, and we discuss their biological relevance further. This study is the first to present a real-world evaluation of the EVEX resource in particular and literature-scale application of the systems emerging from the BioNLP Shared Task series in general. We summarize the lessons learned from this use case in order to focus future development of EVEX and similar literature-scale resources.
Prevalidación de un test de equilibrio en tiro olímpico sin armas

El principal objetivo de este estudio es realizar un estudio previo a la validacion de un test de medicion del equilibrio en tiro olimpico sin el uso de la pistola. Para ello, se han comparado los resultados del analisis del movimiento del centro de presiones (CP) de dos pruebas de equilibrio estatico: en la primera prueba se uso una mancuerna para simular la accion de disparo, mientras que en la segunda se uso la pistola. Se encontro una fuerte correlacion entre los dos test en todas las variables del CP y una correlacion lineal inversa entre el peso corporal y los movimientos del CP. No se encontro relacion alguna entre los movimientos del CP y el rendimiento deportivo. El estudio concluye que el test con mancuerna puede ser valido para la medicion del equilibrio especifico en tiro olimpico y se recomienda profundizar en el estudio con una muestra de mayor tamano. PALABRAS CLAVE : Tiro olimpico, pistola, equilibrio, centro de presiones, mancuerna. ABSTRACT The main objective of the present work is the pre-validation of a test able to provide reliable body sway measurements in Olympic shooting, without the use of a pistol. For this reason the results of the analysis of the body sway data of two static bipodal balance tests have been compared: during the first a dumbbell was used to simulate shooting, while for the second test a pistol was used. A strong correlation between the two tests regarding all variables was found. A statistically significant inverse linear correlation was also found between body weight and the movements of the COP (centre of pressure). No statistically significant relations were found between the movements of the COP and performance. The study concludes that dumbbell tests could be perfectly reliable for measuring specific body sway on Olympic shooting. Future studies on the validation of the same test with larger sample size are recommended. KEY WORDS: Olympic shooting, pistol, body sway, centre of pressure, dumbbell.
Myocardial BOLD Imaging with T2 Relaxation

The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review of the theoretical and experimental work that describes the blood-oxygen-level-dependent or BOLD effect using quantitative T2 relaxation mechanism. The BOLD effect is mediated by paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin which generates magnetic field inhomogeneities around erythrocytes; T2 is modulated by diffusion of spins in and around erythrocytes. Early work in blood describing the mechanisms of T2 relaxation as a function of oxygen saturation, field strength and cell integrity paved the way towards in vivo determination of tissue oxygenation state. Theoretical modeling in blood and tissue microcirculation further shed light into underlying mechanisms of deoxyhemoglobin, leading the way for interrogating myocardial oxygenation state non invasively. From a clinical standpoint, ongoing pre-clinical studies indicate that quantitative T2 may potentially be more specific than signal intensity measures, allowing regional, longitudinal and cross-subject comparison. Furthermore, the T2-based BOLD technique offers greater sensitivity on a 3T scanner, compared to 1.5T, allowing reliable detection of serial changes in perfusion reserve following acute coronary syndrome. We have thus reviewed the theoretical formulations and experimental observations made over several years by many investigators who have given significant insight into the oxygen-sensitive nature of T2 relaxation in blood and hence into the T2-based BOLD effect in tissue microcirculation.
What’s good for me depends on what I see in you: Intimacy avoidance and resources derived from close others

Abstract Past research has demonstrated that comfort with intimacy differentially affects the extent to which a person assimilates/contrasts to a close other. Specifically, individuals comfortable with intimacy benefit most from assimilating to those who embody positive aspects, whereas individuals uncomfortable with intimacy benefit most from contrasting to those who embody a mix of positive and negative aspects. Using a multi-method approach, the current research provides evidence suggesting that both those who are positively regarded and those who engender mixed feelings have the potential to benefit the perceiver differentially as a function of the types of traits that are most salient at the time. In Study 1, consistent with predictions, high-avoidant individuals contrasted to the salient traits of a romantic partner and performed better on an intelligence test after thinking about their partner’s unintelligent compared to intelligent traits, whereas low-avoidant individuals assimilated. In Study 2, high-avoidant individuals contrasted to friends’ traits and exhibited more positive cardiovascular responses (i.e., greater challenge) while talking about friends’ negative traits and more negative responses (i.e., greater threat) while talking about friends’ positive traits. Together, these findings suggest that there are situations during which low- and high-avoidant individuals differentially benefit from highly regarded close others.
Process Evaluation of the Los Angeles Unified School District Nutrition Network

Introduction This study evaluated the Los Angeles Unified School District Nutrition Network, a large multicomponent nutrition and physical activity program in an ethnically diverse school district, launched in 2000. Methods We calculated descriptive statistics and performed hierarchical logistic regression on school-level demographic and implementation data. Results Thirty-six percent of eligible schools participated in 2001, and 79% of participating schools reapplied the following year. Elementary schools and schools that applied for grant money were more likely to reapply. Produce sampling was the most frequently cited program highlight, and making purchases with program grant money was the most frequently cited challenge. Conclusion Our findings suggest that schools serving students of low socioeconomic status and diverse ethnicities can be recruited into a large program to promote healthy dietary choices and physical activity, especially elementary schools. Effectiveness and institutionalization of the program might be positively affected by fostering local ownership, allowing school personnel who apply for the grant to tailor the program to their individual schools.