Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Up to 1‐hour forecasting of radiation hazards from solar energetic ion events with relativistic electrons

The sudden and prompt occurrence of solar energetic particle events poses a hazard to manned space activities and interferes with robotic space science missions. This study demonstrates the possibility of short‐term forecasting of the appearance and intensity of solar ion events by means of relativistic, near–light speed electrons. A list of the most severe proton events measured by GOES 8 in the years 1996–2002 serves as a basis to derive the fundamentals of the forecasting method with statistical and superposed epoch techniques. The Comprehensive Suprathermal and Energetic Particle Analyzer (COSTEP) on SOHO provides relativistic electron and <50 MeV proton observations at 1 AU. With a subset of solar particle events (SPEs) where the location of the associated flare on the Sun has been determined, we find that (1) relativistic electrons always arrive at 1 AU ahead of nonrelativistic SPEs allowing their forecasting; (2) the intensity increase of both, electrons and protons alike, depends on the magnetic connection, i.e., the magnetic longitude difference between the observer and the flare; and (3) as coming from one source under near‐identical propagation conditions, significant correlations exist that show that the early electron intensity and increase can be utilized as a matrix to forecast the upcoming proton intensity. The study demonstrates one initial empirical forecasting technique with electron and proton observations in 2003.
The quality of suggested memories

Alarge number of studies have demonstrated that participants could be led to report suggested events that were never witnessed (Loftus & Palmer, 1974). The present study attempts to explore the quality of such suggested memories. Thirty‐six participants were exposed to a live event of brief duration (20 s). They were then misled about certain aspects of the event. Memory was assessed using a forced‐choice recognition test. The participants were also required to give remember/know/guess responses, together with confidence ratings, and also to indicate how they came to remember the item. Thirty‐six per cent of the suggested memories were “know” responses, while 43% were “remember” responses. Moreover, whenever the participants had a remember experience they always recalled a wealth of visual information. With regards to the confidence level of the suggested memories, it was observed that the suggested memories were as confidently held as accurate memories. The results indicate that suggestions may become in.
Suppression of a Phospholipase D Gene, OsPLDβ1, Activates Defense Responses and Increases Disease Resistance in Rice1[C][W][OA]

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays an important role in plants, including responses to abiotic as well as biotic stresses. A survey of the rice (Oryza sativa) genome database indicated the presence of 17 PLD genes in the genome, among which OsPLDα1, OsPLDα5, and OsPLDβ1 were highly expressed in most tissues studied. To examine the physiological function of PLD in rice, we made knockdown plants for each PLD isoform by introducing gene-specific RNA interference constructs. One of them, OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants, showed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the absence of pathogen infection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarray analyses revealed that the knockdown of OsPLDβ1 resulted in the up-/down-regulation of more than 1,400 genes, including the induction of defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related protein genes and WRKY/ERF family transcription factor genes. Hypersensitive response-like cell death and phytoalexin production were also observed at a later phase of growth in the OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants. These results indicated that the OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants spontaneously activated the defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection. Furthermore, the OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants exhibited increased resistance to the infection of major pathogens of rice, Pyricularia grisea and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. These results suggested that OsPLDβ1 functions as a negative regulator of defense responses and disease resistance in rice.
Evaluation of the needs and concerns of partners of women at high risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer

This exploratory study investigates the experience of partners of women at high risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer and reports on the partners' views concerning their relationship, communication, future planning, children and childbearing, involvement in decision‐making regarding screening and prophylactic measures, and information and support needs. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 partners. Of these, seven were partners of women who were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, five were partners of women with unknown mutation status, and three were partners of women who were non‐carriers. None of the women had a previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer. Partners of carriers and women with unknown mutation status were found to be more distressed than partners of non‐carriers, with partners of mutation carriers reporting the most difficulties. Factors associated with better adjustment and coping for partners included dealing with this situation as a team with their wife, greater involvement in decision‐making, satisfaction with their supportive roles and being optimistic. Decision‐making difficulties in relation to prophylactic measures, concerns about their children possibly being at increased cancer risk, as well as the need to receive information directly from health professionals and the wish to meet other partners were also discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bHLH Factors Extramacrochaetae and Daughterless Control Cell Cycle in Drosophila Imaginal Discs through the Transcriptional Regulation of the cdc25 Phosphatase string

One of the major issues in developmental biology is about having a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate organ growth. Identifying these mechanisms is essential to understand the development processes that occur both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer. The E protein family of basic helix-loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors, and their inhibitors the Id proteins, regulate cell proliferation in metazoans. This notion is further supported because the activity of these factors is frequently deregulated in cancerous cells. The E protein orthologue Daughterless (Da) and the Id orthologue Extramacrochaetae (Emc) are the only members of these classes of bHLH proteins in Drosophila. Although these factors are involved in controlling proliferation, the mechanism underlying this regulatory activity is poorly understood. Through a genetic analysis, we show that during the development of epithelial cells in the imaginal discs, the G2/M transition, and hence cell proliferation, is controlled by Emc via Da. In eukaryotic cells, the main activator of this transition is the Cdc25 phosphatase, string. Our genetic analyses reveal that the ectopic expression of string in cells with reduced levels of Emc or high levels of Da is sufficient to rescue the proliferative defects seen in these mutant cells. Moreover, we present evidence demonstrating a role of Da as a transcriptional repressor of string. Taken together, these findings define a mechanism through which Emc controls cell proliferation by regulating the activity of Da, which transcriptionally represses string.
The Approach to Sample Acquisition and Its Impact on the Derived Human Fecal Microbiome and VOC Metabolome

Recent studies have illustrated the importance of the microbiota in maintaining a healthy state, as well as promoting disease states. The intestinal microbiota exerts its effects primarily through its metabolites, and metabolomics investigations have begun to evaluate the diagnostic and health implications of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) isolated from human feces, enabled by specialized sampling methods such as headspace solid-phase microextraction (hSPME). The approach to stool sample collection is an important consideration that could potentially introduce bias and affect the outcome of a fecal metagenomic and metabolomic investigation. To address this concern, a comparison of endoscopically collected (in vivo) and home collected (ex vivo) fecal samples was performed, revealing slight variability in the derived microbiomes. In contrast, the VOC metabolomes differ widely between the home collected and endoscopy collected samples. Additionally, as the VOC extraction profile is hyperbolic, with short extraction durations more vulnerable to variation than extractions continued to equilibrium, a second goal of our investigation was to ascertain if hSPME-based fecal metabolomics studies might be biased by the extraction duration employed. As anticipated, prolonged extraction (18 hours) results in the identification of considerably more metabolites than short (20 minute) extractions. A comparison of the metabolomes reveals several analytes deemed unique to a cohort with the 20 minute extraction, but found common to both cohorts when the VOC extraction was performed for 18 hours. Moreover, numerous analytes perceived to have significant fold change with a 20 minute extraction were found insignificant in fold change with the prolonged extraction, underscoring the potential for bias associated with a 20 minute hSPME.
Co-residence between Adult Children and their Elderly Parents in England and Wales

ABSTRACT Co-residence between adult children aged 35 or more and their elderly parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law has been investigated using data from the Office of the Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Survey and the 1985 General Household Survey supplement on informal carers. Overall 4 per cent of adults lived with a parent or parent-in-law but this proportion varied considerably with age, marital status and gender. Socio-economic differentials in co-residence were also found. These suggested that where the child is the provider of support to an elderly parent co-residence may be associated with socio-economic advantage. Differentials in co-residence rates and differences between co-residence data from the Longitudinal Study (LS) and data on co-resident carers from the General Household Survey (GHS) also point to the important role of elderly people as providers of support to adult children. In conclusion, the implications of these data for policies of community care are considered.
Content Validity of the Relative Mastery Measurement Scale: A Measure of Occupational Adaptation

This research addressed the need for a clinically practical and psychometrically sound measure of a central construct of Occupational Adaptation theory. As an indicator of Occupational Adaptation, the Relative Mastery Measurement Scale (RMMS) was developed and evaluated for content and construct validity. The RMMS assesses individuals' perceptions of their effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction regarding their responses to occupational challenges. In the first phase, the content validity of the RMMS was statistically evaluated using the ratings of five experts in Occupational Adaptation. Lu's Coefficient of Agreement among the experts for the final 12-item RMMS was an acceptable . 95. In phase two, construct validity and reliability were examined using a combination of Rasch analysis and traditional measurement statistics. Participants were 150 rehabilitation clients. Reliability and validity was supported through the unidimensionality of 11 of 12 RMMS items by the ordering of item difficulty, goodness-of-fit statistics, factor analysis, and point-biserial correlations.
Immigration and Violent Crime

With few exceptions, recent investigations have found levels of criminal involvement to be lower among immigrants than among the native born. We extend this line of research by examining arrest data for native-born citizens, citizens born outside the United States, naturalized citizens, and noncitizens in Orange County (Orlando), Florida, for homicide, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault. Arrest rates for noncitizens are generally lower than those for the native born and similar to those of naturalized and foreign-born citizens, but their sexual assault rate is the highest of the four groups. The concentration of immigrants has no significant impact on arrest rates for native- and foreign-born citizens at the census-tract level. Additional research is necessary to more fully understand the linkage between immigration and crime, but mounting evidence that the new immigrants to not contribute to elevated crime levels in urban areas should be an important component of policy discussions.
The role of irritability in the relation between job stressors, emotional reactivity, and counterproductive work behaviour

Researchers have stressed the importance of assessing individual differences in personality as an approach to understanding aggressive and deviant conduct across different contexts. This study investigated the moderation role of irritability, a specific aggression-related disposition, in the process of work stressors that are conducive to counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) within the stressor–emotion model. From a total sample of 1147 Italian workers (53.5% women), high- and low-irritability groups were identified. Then, using a multigroup structural equations model, we simultaneously examined all the relations in both high- and low-irritability groups, and investigated whether these relations were different between them. Results showed that job stressors elicited negative emotions that, in turn, lead to CWB. Moreover, some job stressors influenced CWB directly only in the high-irritability group. Overall, irritability moderated the relation among job stressors and CWB but not the relation among job stressors and negative emotions, with the sole exception of role conflict. As well, irritability did not moderate the relation between emotion and CWB. Thus, high-irritability employees may be more prone to react aggressively to job stressors via multiple functioning paths. The principal differences between low- and high-irritability individuals could be how they manage the impact of perceived stressors on emotions and behaviour.
Self-Esteem, Trivialization, and Attitude Change

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between trivialization and self-esteem. Low-self-esteem participants were expected to reduce cognitive dissonance by trivialization. In this experiment, dissonance was aroused by having participants write a counter-attitudinal essay. In the post-experimental phase, both the participants’ attitude and trivialization were measured. The order of presentation of the variables was manipulated (attitude first vs. trivialization first). The results showed that participants with low self-esteem did not change their attitude and trivialized. These results limit the scope of the self-consistency view proposing that only participants with high self-esteem feel dissonance.
Climate and Crime

The Uniform Crime Reports published by the Federal Bureau of investigation state that climate has an independent impact on the variation of crime rates among places. The present study attempted to test this assumption through multivariate analyses of the potential impacts of three climatic and twelve nonclimatic factors on the variation in seven serious forms of violent crime and property crime among the 142 largest American SMSAs. The results indicated that the associations of climatic conditions with forms of crime were uniformly very weak compared to the influences of other variables. Number of days of the year with temperatures above 32.20C (900F) had independent positive associations with the variation in homicide rates and burglary rates while number of days with temperatures below 0°C (320F) and number of days with significant precipitation had positive associations with variation in robbery rates. Furthermore, number of days with freezing temperatures and number of days with significant precipitation had weak indirect negative associations with crime rates through correlations with percentage of SMSA population divorced or separated.
Partial and total‐order planning: evidence from normal and prefrontally damaged populations

This paper examines human planning abilities, using as its inspiration planning techniques developed in artificial intelligence. AI research has shown that in certain problems partial-order planners, which manipulate partial plans while not committing to a particular ordering of those partial plans, are more efficient than total-order planners, which represent all partial plans as totally ordered. This research asks whether total-order planning and/or partial-order planning are accurate descriptions of human planning, and if different populations use different planning techniques. Using a simple planning task modeled after tasks designed in artificial intelligence we tested 7‐ 8 year-old children, 11‐13 year-old children, adult controls, and adults with damage to the prefrontal cortex. We found that adults and older children exhibited performance on planning tasks of varying complexity which matched that of artificial partial-order planners, and that this pattern of performance did not vary with multiple presentations of the planning task. In contrast, young children and adults with damage to the prefrontal cortex exhibited performance matching that of artificial total-order planners. This pattern of performance did vary, however, with multiple presentations of the planning task, with the young children and adults with cortical damage displaying aspects of total-order planning. In a further study we found that adolescents who had sustained damage to the prefrontal cortex as children displayed two
Aging techniques for deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review

Deep vein thrombosis is common with an incidence of 1 in 1000. Acute thrombus removal for extensive proximal deep vein thrombosis using catheter-directed techniques highlights the need for accurate assessment of thrombus age. This systematic review summarises experimental and clinical evidence of imaging techniques for aging deep vein thrombosis. Ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance imaging were highlighted as the most studied imaging modalities. Elastography was shown to distinguish between acute and chronic clots, despite demonstrating difficulty in accurate aging of clots older than 10 days in rat models. Elastography is noted as a feasible adjunct to current first-line imaging for deep vein thrombosis using duplex ultrasonography. Combinations of magnetic resonance imaging techniques can identify acute, sub-acute and chronic thrombi using endogenous contrast agents and provide objective standardisation of the diagnostic process, with reduced onus upon operator dependency. Further validation is required of these novel imaging techniques prior to clinical implementation for deep vein thrombosis aging.
Remodeling of Developing and Mature Arteries: Endothelium, Smooth Muscle, and Matrix

&NA; In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that vascular structures readily remodel in response to hemodynamic cues associated with changes in blood flows. These remodeling processes are invoked by a wealth of developmental, physiologic, and pathologic phenomena. Current work is providing novel clues concerning flow sensing by endothelial cells, the signal transduction pathways that translate flow detection into endothelial responses, and some of the signals that are transmitted to the effector cells, the vascular smooth muscle cells in the media. However, most of these mechanisms relate to acute responses to altered flow, and we remain ignorant of how important they are in eliciting tissue remodeling. Also, there is very little information on the processes that accomplish “remodeling” beyond evidence that modulation of new tissue synthesis occurs. There is a potential for imaginative experiments to provide fundamental information on the genesis of the vascular structure‐function relations, which now clearly span much of the pre‐ and postnatal life.
The Vulnerable Empowered Woman: Feminism, Postfeminism, and Women's Health

mistaken. Even a casual student of the game cannot fail to recognize how broken it is. Money, drugs, and incompetent leadership have wrecked the game as both a sport and a mythiccultural institution. Surely a similar conclusion may be made about our political condition. Whitman was right then, and he is right now: scoundrels have corrupted everything. Money is protected political speech, our representatives lack imagination and courage, and, while Butterworth rightly shines light on the rhetorical conduct of the Bush administration, let us not overlook that our current president for too long approved the use of killing by drones on behalf of national security. Hyperbole is too easy in these times and still I am disheartened by our fractured, and wrenchingly fractious, political life. Whether Butterworth’s hope is mistaken or not, he has written a good book; he is a citizencritic to whom we owe a debt of gratitude. Perhaps the challenge is to see our democratic landscape with new eyes and to find voices worthy of its authentic grandeur. And perhaps baseball can help. I’ll return to my daughter’s softball team. Another player, seeing we were short on catchers, approached me in the dugout (I keep the score-book) and declared: “Coach Jeff, I’ve never played catcher before, and I’m a little scared, but if we need a catcher, I’ll do it. ” May baseball and our democracy someday be worthy of our children.
A Complementary Design Theory for Doubling

Chen and Cheng (2006a) discussed the method of doubling for constructing two-level fractional factorial designs. They showed that for 9N/32<= n<= 5N/16, all minimum aberration designs with N runs and n factors are projections of the maximal design with 5N/16 factors which is constructed by repeatedly doubling the 2^{5-1} design defined by I=ABCDE. This paper develops a general complementary design theory for doubling. For any design obtained by repeated doubling, general identities are established to link the wordlength patterns of each pair of complementary projection designs. A rule is developed for choosing minimum aberration projection designs from the maximal design with 5N/16 factors. It is further shown that for 17N/64<=n<=5N/16, all minimum aberration designs with N runs and n factors are projections of the maximal design with N runs and 5N/16 factors.