Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size Adaptation : A New Aftereffect

If, alter proloniged observation o1 a striped patternl, onie views a grating of the samiie orientationi with somewhat narrower bars, tlheni the bars seem'' even thlinnler thiani in fact thzey are. Broader batrs seeuii broader still. This fimidiizg imiiplies a systein of size-detectinig cha(inniels in humniitanz visionl. Thle phlenomiienion miiay uinderlie nany o0 thle classical figrsal afterefjects. After observation of a high-contrast grating pattern, the intensity difference between light and dark bars necessary just to detect a grating is markedly elevated (1). This rise in contrast threshold occurs only for gratings similar to the adapting pattern in orientation and in spatial frequency (the number of cycles of the grating per degree of visual angle). This finding argues for the presence, in the human visual system, of neurons selectively sensitive to a limited range of spatial frequency. Such units have indeed been found in the visual pathway of cat and monkey (2). The optimal spatial frequency varies from neuron to neuron, and the sensitivity maximla are closely spaced along the spatial frequiency continuum. It is possible that these neurons constitute a system of channels involved in the analysis of the size of retinal images. A grating of some spatial frequency will arouse a distribution of activity in the population of size-detecting neurons. If the identity of the most active neuron or the shape of this distribution is used by the brain to recognize the size of the bars, then previous adaptation and depression of sensitivity at some other spatial frequLency (which will shift the peak and skew the distribution of activity away from the aidapting frequency) should make the grating seem different. In short, gratings with narrower bars than the atdapting pattern should appear to be of even higher spatial frequency, and lower-frequency gratings should seem lower than in fact they are. We have fotlnd this to be the case and take it to be additional evidence for size-selective neuLrons in man. You may observe this phenomenon for yourself by inspecting Fig. 1. First convince yourself that the two gratings on the right are identical in spatial frequency by looking from one to the other. Now place the illustration at a distance of about 2 m and look between the two gratings on the left for about a minute, allowing the gaze to wander back and forth along the horizontal bar. (This maneuver avoids the formation of a conventional after-
Efficient Transfer Learning Schemes for Personalized Language Modeling using Recurrent Neural Network

In this paper, we propose an efficient transfer leaning methods for training a personalized language model using a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory architecture. With our proposed fast transfer learning schemes, a general language model is updated to a personalized language model with a small amount of user data and a limited computing resource. These methods are especially useful for a mobile device environment while the data is prevented from transferring out of the device for privacy purposes. Through experiments on dialogue data in a drama, it is verified that our transfer learning methods have successfully generated the personalized language model, whose output is more similar to the personal language style in both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Retrospective analysis of bevacizumab‐induced hypertension and clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer and lung cancer

Bevacizumab(Avastin®), a humanized therapeutic monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor, is widely used in cancer treatment. Patients who are treated with bevacizumab have an increased risk of developing systemic hypertension. However, the relationship between bevacizumab‐induced hypertension and clinical outcome remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab‐induced hypertension in terms of prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer. The study included 632 patients, 317 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer and 315 patients with colorectal cancer. All patients were treated with bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy protocols, between April 2007 and December 2014. Blood pressure was measured before each treatment cycle. In the patient group with colorectal cancer, treated with bevacizumab, Grade 2–3 hypertension was present in 27.6%. In hypertensive patients with colorectal cancer, median overall survival was 42.6 months, compared with 20.6 months for normotensive patients in this group (P = 0.00071). In the patient group with non‐small cell lung cancer, treated with bevacizumab, Grade 2–3 hypertension was present in 20.5%. In hypertensive patients with non‐small cell lung cancer, median overall survival was 43.0 months, compared with 26.3 months for normotensive patients in this group (P = 0.00451). Patients who developed hypertension during treatment with bevacizumab for colorectal cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer had significantly prolonged overall survival when compared with normotensive patients. Bevacizumab‐induced hypertension may represent a biomarker for clinical benefit in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab.
Prognostic Factors and Scoring System for Death from Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Historical Cohort Study in Brazil

Background In Brazil, case-fatality rates attributable to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are high and knowledge of the risk factors associated with death may help reduce mortality. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a scoring system for prognosis of death from VL by using all cases reported in Brazil from 2007 to 2011. Methodology In this historical cohort study, 18,501 VL cases were analyzed; of these, 17,345 cases were cured and 1,156 cases caused death. The database was divided into two series: primary (two-thirds of cases), to develop the model score, and secondary (one-third of cases), to validate the scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with death from VL, and these were included in the scoring system. Principal Findings The factors associated with death from VL were: bleeding (score 3); splenomegaly (score 1); edema (score 1); weakness (score 1); jaundice (score 1); Leishmania–HIV co-infection (score 1); bacterial infection (score 1); and age (≤0.5 years [score 5]; >0.5 and ≤1 [score 2]; >19 and ≤50 [score 2]; >50 and <65 [score 3]; ≥65 [score 5]). It was observed that patients with a score of 4 had a probability of death of approximately 4.5% and had a worse prognosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this score were 89.4, 51.2, and 53.5, respectively. Conclusions/Significance The scoring system based on risk factors for death showed good performance in identifying patients with signs of severity at the time of clinical suspicion of VL and can contribute to improving the surveillance system for reducing case fatalities. The classification of patients according to their prognosis for death may assist decision-making regarding the transfer of the patients to hospitals more capable of handling their condition, admission to the intensive care unit, and adequate support and specific treatment.
A Spin Chain from String Theory

We study the semiclassical spectrum of bosonic string theory on AdS_3 x S^1 in the limit of large AdS angular momentum. At leading semiclassical order, this is a subsector of the IIB superstring on AdS_5 x S^5. The theory includes strings with K spikes which approach the boundary in this limit. We show that, for all K, the spectrum of these strings exactly matches that of the corresponding operators in the dual gauge theory up to a single universal prefactor which can be identified with the cusp anomalous dimension. We propose a precise map between the dynamics of the spikes and the classical SL(2,R) spin chain which arises in the large-spin limit of N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics the Role of Ammonia in Sulfuric Acid Ion Induced Nucleation

We have developed a new multi-step strategy for quantum chemical calculations on atmospherically relevant cluster structures that makes calculation for large clusters affordable with a good accuracy-to-computational effort ratio. We have applied this strategy to evaluate the relevance of ternary ion induced nucleation; we have also performed calculations for neutral ternary nucleation for comparison. The results for neutral ternary nucleation agree with previous results , and confirm the important role of ammonia in enhancing the growth of sulfuric acid clusters. On the other hand, we have found that ammonia does not enhance the growth of ionic sulfuric acid clusters. The results also confirm that ion-induced nucleation is a barrierless process at high altitudes, but at ground level there exists a barrier due to the presence of a local minimum on the free energy surface.
Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on Levels of Glucoregulatory Biomarkers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes

The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is bidirectional, but information about the effect of chronic periodontitis on the levels of the glucoregulatory biomarkers locally in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of 10 glucoregulatory biomarkers in GCF, firstly in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) presenting with and without chronic periodontitis and secondly, in subjects without diabetes, with and without chronic periodontitis. The material comprised a total of 152 subjects, stratified as: 54 with T2DM and chronic periodontitis (G1), 24 with T2DM (G2), 30 with chronic periodontitis (G3) and 44 without T2DM or periodontitis (G4). The levels of the biomarkers were measured using multiplex biometric immunoassays. Periodontal pocket depths were recorded in mm. Subsets G1 and G2 and subsets G3 and G4 were compared independently. Among T2DM subjects, GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon were significantly up-regulated in G1 compared to G2. Moreover, there were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, leptin and PAI-1. Comparisons among individuals without T2DM revealed significantly lower amounts of C-peptide and ghrelin in G3 than in G4. The number of sites with pocket depth ≥ 4mm correlated negatively with C-peptide (Spearman’s correlation co-efficient: -0.240, P < 0.01) and positively with GIP and visfatin (Spearman’s correlation co-efficient: 0.255 and 0.241, respectively, P < 0.01). The results demonstrate that chronic periodontitis adversely influences the GCF levels of glucoregulatory biomarkers, as it is associated with disturbed levels of biomarkers related to the onset of T2DM and its medical complications.
The identification and measurement of barriers to forgiveness following an interpersonal transgression.

1 Declaration. 3 Acknowledgements . 4 Chapter 1: Forgiveness and the failure to overcome interpersonal conflict . 5 1.1 The benefits, and costs, of social living . 6 1.2 Forgiveness: A pro-social response to interpersonal conflict . 7 1.2.1 Physical, psychological, and relational benefits of forgiveness . 8 1.3 A beneficial, yet difficult, process . 9 1.4 Investigating the causes of unforgiving victim responses . 10 1.4. 1 The need to investigate unforgiving victim rationalisations . 11 1.4. 2 Investigating unforgiving victim responses . 12 1.5 Overview and thesis aims . 13 1.6 Identification of potential barriers to forgiveness . 14 1.6. 1 Attributed causes of victims’ unforgiving responses . 14 1.6. 2 Theoretical barriers to forgiveness . 20 1.6. 3 Potential barriers to forgiveness . 27 1.7 Overview of studies . 28 Chapter 2: The development and validation of the BTF . 30 2.1 Chapter overview . 31 2.2 Operationalising the barriers to forgiveness . 31 2.2.1 The BTF: A first-person, self-report measure of state unforgiving responses . 31
Cyclosporine A Impairs Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain (Nod1)-Mediated Innate Antibacterial Renal Defenses in Mice and Human Transplant Recipients

Acute pyelonephritis (APN), which is mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), is the most common bacterial complication in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. However, it remains unclear how immunosuppressive drugs, such as the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), decrease renal resistance to UPEC. Here, we investigated the effects of CsA in host defense against UPEC in an experimental model of APN. We show that CsA-treated mice exhibit impaired production of the chemoattractant chemokines CXCL2 and CXCL1, decreased intrarenal recruitment of neutrophils, and greater susceptibility to UPEC than vehicle-treated mice. Strikingly, renal expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1), neutrophil migration capacity, and phagocytic killing of E. coli were significantly reduced in CsA-treated mice. CsA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, Tlr4-mediated production of CXCL2 by epithelial collecting duct cells. In addition, CsA markedly inhibited Nod1 expression in neutrophils, macrophages, and renal dendritic cells. CsA, acting through inhibition of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs), also markedly downregulated Nod1 in neutrophils and macrophages. Silencing the NFATc1 isoform mRNA, similar to CsA, downregulated Nod1 expression in macrophages, and administration of the 11R-VIVIT peptide inhibitor of NFATs to mice also reduced neutrophil bacterial phagocytosis and renal resistance to UPEC. Conversely, synthetic Nod1 stimulating agonists given to CsA-treated mice significantly increased renal resistance to UPEC. Renal transplant recipients receiving CsA exhibited similar decrease in NOD1 expression and neutrophil phagocytosis of E. coli. The findings suggest that such mechanism of NFATc1-dependent inhibition of Nod1-mediated innate immune response together with the decrease in Tlr4-mediated production of chemoattractant chemokines caused by CsA may contribute to sensitizing kidney grafts to APN.
The Impact on Inclusion in a Child Care Setting

The purpose of this action research project was to determine commonly reported barriers impacting inclusion in a child care setting. Data was collected through qualitative survey responses via an electronic survey and a small focus group of child care providers. Analysis of the data collected suggested that low wages in child care, home child care, and other communitybased settings made it difficult to recruit qualified personnel to support quality inclusion in child care. Additionally, transportation and limited funding opportunities were challenges for inclusion in child care programs.
InterBaseKB : Integrating a Knowledge Base System with a Multidatabase System for Data Warehousing †

This paper describes the integration of a multidatabase system and a knowledge-base system to support the data-integration component of a Data Warehouse. The multidatabase system integrates various component databases with a common query language, however it does not provide capability for schema integration and other utilities necessary for Data Warehousing. The knowledge base system offers in addition a declarative logic language with second-order syntax but first-order semantics for integrating the schemes of the data sources into the warehouse and for defining complex, recursively defined materialized views. Furthermore, deductive rules are also used for cleaning, checking the integrity and summarizing the data imported into the Data Warehouse. The Knowledge Base System features an efficient incremental view maintenance mechanism that is used for refreshing the Data Warehouse, without querying the data sources.
Evidence that a prostanoid produced by cyclo-oxygenase-2 enhances contractile responses of the porcine isolated coronary artery following exposure to lipopolysaccharide.

BACKGROUND Prolonged incubation of porcine isolated coronary artery (PCA) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes a moderate reduction in vessel constrictive responsiveness. This has been attributed mainly to the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We aimed to investigate the role of induction of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and expression of endothelin receptor 1-A (ET1(A)) in modulating the vascular responses of PCA in vitro. METHODS Segments of PCA were exposed to 100 microg ml(-1) LPS overnight. L-Arginine 0.4 mM was included in the medium in some preparations to examine the influence of intracellular nitric oxide, and the influence of extracellular donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was also examined in separate experiments. After overnight incubation, the contractile function of the artery was evaluated by the isometric tension recording test. The non-selective NOS inhibitor (L-NAME), non-selective COX inhibitor (indomethacin), COX-1 inhibitor (FR 122047), COX-2 inhibitor (NS 398), and ET1(A) receptor antagonist (FR 139317) were added into the organ bath 30 min before eliciting contractile responses to KCl or U46619 separately or in combinations. Vascular relaxations to 10 nM Substance P (SP) were also assessed. RESULTS L-Arginine did not potentiate the effects of LPS. SNP caused a quantitatively larger reduction in the responsiveness to KCl and U46619 compared with 100 microg ml(-1) LPS. Post exposure to a combination of indomethacin and FR 139317, indomethacin or NS 398 alone enhanced the inhibitory effects of LPS, but FR 122047 or FR 139317 alone failed to modify the responses to LPS. L-NAME fully reversed the changes induced by LPS combined with indomethacin and NS398. In terms of the relaxation by SP, LPS failed to change the magnitude; none of the agents used affected the response except L-NAME which abolished it. CONCLUSION NOS and COX-2 are both activated by overnight exposure to LPS in vascular smooth muscle from PCA in vitro. The prostanoid produced by COX-2 functionally antagonizes the effects of induction of NOS.
Understanding the Correlation between Tomographic and Biomechanical Severity of Keratoconic Corneas

Purpose. To evaluate correlation between tomographic gradation of keratoconus (KC) and its corresponding air-puff induced biomechanical response. Methods. Corneal tomography and biomechanics were measured with Scheimpflug imaging in 44 normal and 92 KC corneas. Deformation waveform was also analyzed with Fourier series. A custom KC severity scale was used from 1 to 3 with 3 as the most severe grade. Tomographic and biomechanical variables were assessed among the grades. Sensitivity and specificity of the variables were assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Results. Curvature variables were significantly different between normal and disease (P < 0.05) and among grades (P < 0.05). Biomechanical variables were significantly different between normal and disease (P<0.05) but similar among grades 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). All variables had an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.5. The root mean square of the Fourier cosine coefficients had the best ROC (0.92, cut-off: 0.027, sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 88.6%). Spearman correlation coefficient was significant between most variables (P < 0.05). However, tomographic segregation of keratoconus did not result in concomitant biomechanical segregation of the grades. Conclusions. There was lack of significant biomechanical difference between mild disease grades, despite progressive corneal thinning. Mathematical models that estimate corneal modulus from air-puff deformation may be more useful.
A Computational Analysis of Mahabharata

Indian epics have not been analyzed computationally to the extent that Greek epics have. In this paper, we show how interesting insights can be derived from the ancient epic Mahabharata by applying a variety of analytical techniques based on a combination of natural language processing, sentiment/emotion analysis and social network analysis methods. One of our key ﬁndings is the pattern of significant changes in the overall sentiment of the epic story across its eighteen chapters and the corresponding characterization of the primary protagonists in terms of their sentiments, emotions, centrality and leadership attributes in the epic saga.
Predictive value of thymidylate synthase for the prognosis and survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients

Chemotherapy represents an important treatment modality for lung adenocarcinoma. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an essential enzyme in DNA synthesis, and its overexpression has been associated with reduced sensitivity to antifolate agents. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of TS and the effect on prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Adenocarcinoma and adjacent carcinoma tissues were resected from 100 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and the TS levels were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. The values for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The results indicated that the TS protein was expressed predominantly in adenocarcinoma tissues, which exhibited higher TS expression compared with the adjacent tissues (P<0.001). The statistical analysis indicated that TS expression was associated with the clinical stage and history of smoking (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier analysis results indicated that the DFS and OS in patients with high TS expression levels were significantly shorter compared with those with low expression levels (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results from this study suggested that TS may serve as an independent predictive factor for survival rate, which may indicate the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Judicial sentencing considerations in cases of violent offenders versus sexual offenders

The overall aim of this study is to explore the judicial sentencing considerations in South Australian criminal cases of violent offenders versus sexual offenders in order to identify aggravating and mitigating factors. A total of 37 cases involving violent offenders (n = 25) and sexual offenders (n = 12) were downloaded from the Courts Administration Authority of South Australia website and subjected to a retrospective content analysis of the text contained in the published judicial sentencing remarks. The results reveal that offender- and offence-related aggravating factors are more salient judicial sentencing considerations in the cases of the violent offenders, whereas victim-related aggravating factors are more salient judicial considerations in the cases of the sexual offenders. Certain mitigating factors that were seen as salient considerations in the cases of the violent offenders – resulting in reduced culpability and a lighter sentence – appear to have had little impact in the cases of the sexual offenders. The implications of the findings for legal practice, social policy and future research are discussed.
A screening to determine total phenol and flavonoid content of some Iran’s medicinal plants grown in Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province

The study of phytochemical compounds of plants grown in different regions can reveal their biological potentials for the identification and discovery of effective drugs. This study was conducted to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid content of twenty Iranian medicinal plants. The plants were gathered from Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari and their aerial parts were used for extraction by maceration using ethanol 70 %. To determine total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts, the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method were used respectively. Stachys inflate and Euphorbia szovitsii Fisch. & C.A. Mey . with 87.458 and 72.9644 mg GAE/g had the highest total phenolic content. Also, Urtica dioica (81.4945 mg RUT/g) and Satureja bachtiarica (41.5445 mg GAE /g) had the highest flavonoid content among the investigated plants. According to the result, all plants have different values of phenolic compounds. However, S. inflate, E. szovitsii, U. dioica and S. bachtiarica due to high values of phenolic and flavonoid contents can be considered as a potent resource of natural products for discovering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs.