Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Student Satisfaction with University Psychology Courses: A Review

Student satisfaction at university is receiving increasing attention. While academic discipline has been associated with student satisfaction in many studies, we found no previous reviews of student satisfaction within psychology, a discipline with among the largest undergraduate enrolments. In this paper, we review the student satisfaction literature, with a focus on undergraduate psychology. Searches of relevant databases and reference lists were used to source articles for this narrative review. Evidence regarding institutional, teaching, and student variables associated with student satisfaction is discussed. Teaching variables, particularly teaching quality and expertise, tend to show the strongest relationships with student satisfaction. Institutional variables, such as services, facilities, image, and research activity, are also important. Individual student characteristics including achievement and attitudes have been associated with psychology students' satisfaction. Recommendations to improve satisfaction include helping psychology students to develop accurate expectations of courses, facilitating teaching quality and style that matches psychology students' preferred thinking styles, and assisting students to develop self-efficacy and other positive attitudes. Further research to understand and improve psychology students' satisfaction would be beneficial.
A single serving of caffeinated coffee impairs postprandial glucose metabolism in overweight men

Abstract Previous studies regarding the acute effects of coffee on glycaemic control have used a single large dose of coffee, typically containing the caffeine equivalent of 2–4 servings of coffee. This study investigates whether the acute effects of coffee are dose-dependent, starting with a single serving. A total of ten healthy overweight males participated in a two-part randomised double-blind cross-over study. In the first part, they ingested 2, 4 or 8 g instant decaffeinated coffee (DC) dissolved in 400 ml water with caffeine added in proportion to the DC (total 100, 200 or 400 mg caffeine) or control (400 ml water) all with 50 g glucose. In the second part, they ingested the same amounts of DC (2, 4, 8 g) or control, but with a standard 100 mg caffeine added to each. Capillary blood samples were taken every 15 min for 2 h after each drink and glucose and insulin levels were measured. Repeated measures ANOVA on glucose results found an effect when caffeine was varied in line with DC (P=0·008). Post hoc analysis revealed that both 2 and 4 g DC with varied caffeine content increased the glycaemic response v. control. There was no effect of escalating doses of DC when caffeine remained constant at 100 mg. These results demonstrate that one standard serving of coffee (2 g) is sufficient to affect glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the amount of caffeine found in one serving (100 mg) is sufficient to mask any potential beneficial effects of increasing other components. No dose-dependent effect was found.
Cytokine responses to QuantiFERON® peptides, purified protein derivative and recombinant ESAT-6 in children with tuberculosis.

SETTING Recent data suggest that interferon-gamma release assays may have reduced sensitivity in children. OBJECTIVE To explore the cellular responses in children infected with tuberculosis (TB) to different mycobacterial antigens, including the peptides used in the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) assay. DESIGN Cytokines were measured by multiplex analyte detection in supernatants after stimulation with peptides in QFT, purified protein derivative (PPD) and recombinant whole protein ESAT-6. Samples from 11 children with active TB, 46 healthy children with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 35 healthy non-infected children were analyzed. RESULTS None of the cytokines examined in the QFT peptide stimulation assay distinguished between non-infected children and those aged <5 years with LTBI. Cytokines interleukin-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were shown to distinguish between stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after blood was stimulated with the QFT peptides. All children had significantly higher Th 1 and 2 cytokine production against PPD than against the other antigens tested. CONCLUSION Measuring specific cytokine patterns after stimulation with the QFT peptides may not increase sensitivity in diagnosing LTBI in children, but there may be future diagnostic value in determining the stage of infection. PPD-stimulated blood produced a robust and diverse cytokine response in young children, making it an interesting antigen for in vitro diagnostic studies.
Chronic subdural hematoma simulating transient ischemic attacks

Patient 1 A 64-year-old right-handed man sustained a head injury in July, 1977. Approximately two weeks later, the patient developed left-sided headaches with intermittent apraxia of his right upper extremity. Arteriography revealed a left parietal subdural hematoma, which was drained on September 4. A week later the patient developed transient attacks, including expressive aphasia, right upper extremity paresis, and right facial paresis. The episodes lasted one to two hours and then subsided, recurring once a week. In October, examination revealed right-to-left confusion, finger agnosia, and acalculia. He had some difficulty with recent memory, but he was able to gwe most of the history. He had a decreased opticokinetic response to the left and mild agraphia of the right hand. A CAT scan showed residual left parietal subdural hematoma, which was drained. Postoperatively his symptoms subsided completely.
Combining attention and recognition for rapid scene analysis

Bottom-up visual attention allows primates to quickly select regions of an image that contain salient objects. In artificial systems, restricting the task of object recognition to these regions allows faster recognition and unsupervised learning of multiple objects in cluttered scenes. A problem is that objects superficially dissimilar to the target are given the same consideration in recognition as similar objects. Here we investigate rapid pruning of the recognition search space using the already-computed low-level features that guide attention. Itti and Koch’s bottom-up visual attention algorithm selects salient locations based on low-level features such as contrast, orientation, color, and intensity. Lowe’s SIFT recognition algorithm then extracts a signature of the attended object, for comparison with the object database. The database search is prioritized for objects which better match the low-level features used to guide attention to the current candidate for recognition. The SIFT signatures of prioritized database objects are then checked for match against the attended candidate. By comparing performance of Lowe’s recognition algorithm and Itti and Koch’s bottom-up attention model with or without search space pruning, we demonstrate that our pruning approach improves the speed of object recognition in complex natural scenes.
Activation of cerebral cytokine gene expression and its correlation with onset of reactive astrocyte and acute-phase response gene expression in scrapie

The pathogenesis of scrapie, a transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathy, is unclear. However, certain aspects of the known cellular and molecular neuropathology in scrapie led us to hypothesize that cytokines could mediate cerebral pathological changes in this neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, expression of multiple cytokine genes in the brain and peripheral organs of scrapie-infected mice was examined. Late in the course of scrapie, expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and IL-1 beta mRNA was markedly increased in the brain but not the spleen, kidneys, or liver. In time course studies, scrapie-infected mice exhibited increased cerebral expression of the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta mRNAs by week 15 postinoculation--a time point that coincided with the onset of clinical symptoms. Thereafter, the levels of these cytokine transcripts increased progressively to the terminal stages of of the disease (week 25). To determine the relationship of the increased cerebral expression of the cytokine mRNAs to the development of pathological changes in scrapie, we examined the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (a marker for astrocytosis) and the murine acute-phase response gene homologous to the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin gene (designated EB22/5.3). Markedly increased expression of both the glial fibrillary acidic protein and EB22/5.3 mRNAs was observed in the brain but not the peripheral organs of scrapie-infected mice. The increased expression of both these gene products also occurred at week 15 of infection and, thereafter, increased progressively to the terminal stages of the disease. Therefore, infection of mice with scrapie resulted in significant increases in the expression of the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta gene products, whose pattern correlated with the onset and development of molecular and clinical pathological changes. Since scrapie is known not to evoke an immune response, the present findings strongly suggest the existence of a localized cerebral host response to the agent during which proinflammatory cytokines could be key pathogenic mediators.
Jacobi fields along harmonic 2-spheres in ${\bf C}P^2$ are integrable

We show that any Jacobi field along a harmonic map from the 2-sphere to the complex projective plane is integrable (i.e., is tangent to a smooth variation through harmonic maps). This provides one of the few known answers to this problem of integrability, which was raised in different contexts of geometry and analysis. It implies that the Jacobi fields form the tangent bundle to each component of the manifold of harmonic maps from $S^2$ to ${\bf C}P^2$ thus giving the nullity of any such harmonic map; it also has bearing on the behaviour of weakly harmonic $E$-minimizing maps from a 3-manifold to ${\bf C}P^2$ near a singularity and the structure of the singular set of such maps from any manifold to ${\bf C}P^2$.
Mast Cells as Sensors of Cell Injury through IL-33 Recognition

In response to cell injury, caused, for example, by trauma, several processes must be initiated simultaneously to achieve an acute inflammatory response designed to prevent sustained tissue damage and infection and to restore and maintain tissue homeostasis. Detecting cell injury is facilitated by the fact that damaged cells release intracellular molecules not normally present in the extracellular space. However, potential underlying mechanisms for the recognition of endogenous danger signals released upon cell injury have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that mast cells, potent promoters of acute inflammation, play a key role in responding to cell injury by recognizing IL-33 released from necrotic structural cells. In an in vitro model of cell injury, this recognition was shown to involve the T1/ST2 receptor and result in the secretion of proinflammatory leukotrienes and cytokines by mouse mast cells. Remarkably, of all of the components released upon necrosis, our results show that IL-33 alone is a key component responsible for initiating proinflammatory responses in mast cells reacting to cell injury. Our findings identify IL-33 as a key danger signal released by necrotic structural cells capable of activating mast cells, thus providing novel insights concerning the role of mast cells as sensors of cell injury.
Beauty in the blink of an eye: The time course of aesthetic experiences

Under normal circumstances, perception runs very fast and seemingly automatic. In just a few ms, we go from sensory features to perceiving objects. This fast time course does not only apply to general perceptual aspects but also to what we call higher-level judgements. Inspired by the study on 'very first impressions' by Bar, Neta, and Linz (2006, Emotion, 6, 269) the current research examined the speed and time course of three aspects of the aesthetic experience, namely beauty, specialness, and impressiveness. Participants were presented with 54 reproductions of paintings that covered a wide variety of artistic styles and contents. Presentation times were 10, 50, 100 and 500 ms in Experiment 1 and 20, 30 and 40 ms in Experiment 2. Our results not only show that consistent aesthetic judgements can be formed based on very brief glances of information, but that this speed of aesthetic impression formation also differs between different aesthetic judgements. Apparently, impressiveness judgements require longer exposure times than impressions of beauty or specialness. The results provide important evidence for our understanding of the time course of aesthetic experiences.
Haemoglobin Synthesis in Human Erythroid Bursts during Ontogeny: Reproducibility and Sensitivity to Culture Conditions

Summary. Patterns of haemoglobin (Hb) synthesis were analysed in erythroid bursts grown in vitro from human fetal, umbilical cord and adult blood to determine the reproducibility of the system and its sensitivity to various alterations in culture conditions. The proportion of Hb F synthesis in duplicate plates from the same sample showed little variation but when an individual was studied under the same conditions but at different times, far more variability was observed.
Design and evaluation of cost-aware information centric routers

Albeit an important goal of Information Centric Networking (ICNs) is traffic reduction, a perhaps even more important aspect follows from the above achievement: the reduction of ISP operational costs that comes as consequence of the reduced load on transit and provider links. Surprisingly, to date this crucial aspect has not been properly taken into account, neither in the architectural design, nor in the operation and management of ICN proposals. In this work, we instead design a distributed cost-aware scheme that explicitly considers the cost heterogeneity among different links. We contrast our scheme with both traditional cost-blind schemes and optimal results. We further propose an architectural design to let multiple schemes be interoperable, and finally assess whether overlooking implementation details could hamper the practical relevance of our design. Numerical results show that our cost-aware scheme can yield significant cost savings, that are furthermore consistent over a wide range of scenarios.
Inactivation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase occurred prior to brain expansion during human evolution

Humans are genetically deficient in the common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) because of an Alu-mediated inactivating mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) hydroxylase (CMAH). This mutation occurred after our last common ancestor with bonobos and chimpanzees, and before the origin of present-day humans. Here, we take multiple approaches to estimate the timing of this mutation in relationship to human evolutionary history. First, we have developed a method to extract and identify sialic acids from bones and bony fossils. Two Neandertal fossils studied had clearly detectable Neu5Ac but no Neu5Gc, indicating that the CMAH mutation predated the common ancestor of humans and Neandertals, ≈0.5–0.6 million years ago (mya). Second, we date the insertion event of the inactivating human-specific sahAluY element that replaced the ancestral AluSq element found adjacent to exon 6 of the CMAH gene in the chimpanzee genome. Assuming Alu source genes based on a phylogenetic tree of human-specific Alu elements, we estimate the sahAluY insertion time at ≈2.7 mya. Third, we apply molecular clock analysis to chimpanzee and other great ape CMAH genes and the corresponding human pseudogene to estimate an inactivation time of ≈2.8 mya. Taken together, these studies indicate that the CMAH gene was inactivated shortly before the time when brain expansion began in humankind's ancestry, ≈2.1–2.2 mya. In this regard, it is of interest that although Neu5Gc is the major sialic acid in most organs of the chimpanzee, its expression is selectively down-regulated in the brain, for as yet unknown reasons.
On the Influence of Mechanical Behavior of the Middle Ear Ligaments: a Finite Element Analysis

On the Influence of Mechanical Behavior of the Middle Ear Ligaments: a Finite Element Analysis Fernanda Gentil1, Renato Natal Jorge2, António Joaquim Mendes Ferreira3 Marco Parente4, Pedro Martins5, Eurico de Almeida6 Summary The interest in finite element method (FEM) concerning biomechanics has been increasing, in particular, to analyze the mechanical behavior of the human ear. In this work, a finite element model of the middle ear was made. A dynamic study based on a structural response to harmonic vibrations, for different sound pressure levels, applied on the eardrum, is presented using the ABAQUS program. The model includes different ligaments and muscle tendons with elastic and hyperelastic behavior of these supportive structure. The non-linear behavior of the ligaments and muscle tendons was considered, being the connection between ossicles done by contact formulation. Harmonic responses of the umbo and stapes footplate displacements, from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, were obtained and compared with previous published works. The traction of ligaments (superior and anterior of malleus and superior and posterior of incus) was analyzed with a focus on their importance from a structural point of view. The results of this work allow to emphasize the importance on the use of hyperelastic models to simulate the mechanical behavior for the ligaments and tendons.
The Effect of an Expressive‐Writing Intervention for Employees on Emotional Self‐Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, Affect, and Workplace Incivility

This study examined the effect of an expressive-writing paradigm intervention designed to increase emotional self-efficacy in employees. Participants in the intervention condition with lower pre-test self-efficacy scores showed significant increases in self-efficacy. Further, participants in the writing intervention condition showed increased emotional intelligence and positive affect, and decreased workplace incivility perpetration compared to participants in the control writing condition. Overall, the results indicate that an expressive-writing intervention may be an effective strategy for increasing positive workplace outcomes.
An Address-Contention Approach Based on a Time-Division Multiplexing Mechanism for ZigBee Networks

The rise of the Internet of Things promotes adopting wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in daily life. In WSNs, the ZigBee standard has gradually become the dominant communication protocol. ZigBee supports various network topologies, including tree structures. Regarding the address assignment of the tree topology, a distributed address assignment mechanism (DAAM) is specified by the ZigBee standard. Using DAAM yields a simple tree routing method; however, network parameter constraints cause the unpreventable orphan problem. Therefore, an innovative address contention approach was proposed based on a time-division multiplexing address assignment (TDMAA) mechanism, which utilizes the ZigBee beacon intervals for address contention. TDMAA outperforms conventional DAAMs in uneven node distributions, sometimes assigning 20% more addresses.
Drug-induced liver injury: a summary of recent advances

Introduction: The knowledge base of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to grow each year as additional drugs are identified as hepatotoxins. There is still a need to improve our ability to predict and diagnose DILI in the preclinical and post-approval settings. Areas covered: This article presents the new and updated DILI registries for 2010, including the latest information on the causes and outcomes of non-acetaminophen DILI cases in the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group database. As DILI is still largely a diagnosis of exclusion, it is appropriate that causality assessment instruments are again the subject of considerable discussion. Expert opinion: DILI research remains extremely active including studies aimed at being better able to identify causative agents, utilize potential biomarkers, predict who is at greatest risk of injury and manage outcomes. With respect to identifying DILI risk factors at the genetic level, the field is rapidly approaching the day where ‘personalized medicine’ (based on pharmacogenomics) will become a reality. A large single-center series from India reminds us that geography can influence the drugs responsible for liver injury; however, Hy's law remains universal. As our DILI knowledge continues to grow, it remains essential to keep abreast of the important changes reported each year.
Emerging treatment for ALK-positive lung cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung cancer is associated with poor prognosis and limited benefit from chemotherapy. The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized by the discovery of targetable genetic alterations, including the ALK fusion oncogene. Areas covered: Three drugs have been approved for clinical use in ALK-positive patients – crizotinib, ceritinib and alectinib. Unfortunately, treatment resistance inevitably develops. Several mechanisms of acquired resistance are reported. In this review, we will discuss emerging treatment options in ALK-positive advanced NSCLC and strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms, including newer generation of ALK inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors and immunotherapy. Expert opinion: Tremendous advances have been made in the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancers, but management hurdles still exist, including universal development of resistance to ALK inhibitors and limited CNS activity. Given that specific treatment strategies target distinct patterns of resistance, re-biopsy at the time of progression appears necessary to optimize management. However, there remain many issues in routine clinical application including the burden placed on the patients by serial biopsies and the risks of repeat invasive procedures. Future studies are needed to validate the usage of non- or minimally invasive tests and to determine the optimal orders of utilizing different ALK inhibitors.
Psychology: Fields of Application

1. The Scope of Psychology: More Than Meets the Eye, Astrid M. Stec and Douglas A. Bernstein 2. Psychology Applied to Health, Lisa G. Aspinwall and Ron E. Franco Duran 3. Psychology Applied to Psychological Disorders, Astrid M. Stec 4. Psychology Applied to Education, Anita Woolfolk Hoy 5. Psychology Applied to Consumer Behavior, Frank R. Kardes 6. Psychology Applied to Business, Winfred Arthur Jr. and Ludy T.Benjamin, Jr. 7. Psychology Applied to Sports, Glyn Roberts and Darren C. Treasure 8. Psychology Applied to the Legal System, Michael T. Nietzel 9. Psychology Applied to the Environment, Robert Sommer 10. Psychology Applied to Product Design, Leon Segal and Jane Fulton Suri 11. Psychology Applied to Aviation, Christopher D. Wickens and Anthony D. Andre 12. Psychology Applied to Animal Training, Stanley Coren 13. Psychology Applied to Paranormal Phenomena, Stuart A. Vyse 14. Applied Psychology, Today and Tomorrow, Astrid M. Stec
2-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridinium thiocyanate acetonitrile monosolvate

The title compound, C10H10N3 +·NCS−·CH3CN, is the acetonitrile solvate of the thiocyanate salt of protonated dipyridin-2-ylamine. Protonation occurs at one of the pyridine N atoms. The molecular geometry around the central N atom is essentially planar (sum of angles = 359.89°). In the crystal, N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, as well as C—H⋯S contacts link the different residues into chains along the c-axis direction. Interaction between aromatic systems gives rise to π-stacking, the shortest distance between two π-systems being 3.6902 (6) Å. Both the protonated and the non-protonated pyridyl groups are involved in the latter interaction.