Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Firm or Faculty? Evidence on Characteristics of German-speaking Accounting PhD Students and their Career Preferences

In this paper we focus on the choice that accounting doctoral students from the German-speaking area make, between a future career either in academia or business practice. Based on the results of an online survey, we show that prospective scholars exhibit certain characteristics of passionate researchers more pronouncedly than do future practitioners. The latter group, however, shows more interest in considering practical concerns in their research for the PhD. Furthermore, we show that the impact of institutional incentives is more widespread among future academics. Some implications are drawn for the relationship between research and practice and the future of the accounting academy.
Neuropilin-1 Is Essential for Enhanced VEGF165-Mediated Vasodilatation in Collateral-Dependent Coronary Arterioles of Exercise-Trained Pigs

Background/Aims: Exercise training enhances vasodilatation to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) in collateral-dependent coronary arterioles. Interaction of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and the non-tyrosine-kinase receptor, neuropilin-1 has been reported to potentiate VEGF165-mediated signaling. In the current study, we tested the hypotheses that neuropilin-1 mediates the exercise-enhanced VEGF165-mediated vasodilatation in collateral-dependent arterioles and that neuropilin-1 and/or VEGFR-2 protein levels are increased in these arterioles. Methods: Ameroid occluders were surgically placed around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery of miniature swine. Eight weeks after surgery, the animals were randomized into sedentary or exercise training (treadmill run; 5 days/week; 14 weeks) protocols. Coronary arterioles (∼100 μm diameter) were isolated from both collateral-dependent and control (left anterior descending) myocardial regions and studied by in vitro videomicroscopy or frozen for immunoblot analysis. Results: Exercise-enhanced VEGF165-mediated vasodilatation in collateral-dependent arterioles was reversed by inhibition of the VEGF165-neuropilin-1 interaction. VEGF121, which does not interact with neuropilin-1, induced similar vasodilatation in arterioles from all treatment groups. Immunoblot revealed significantly elevated VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1 protein levels in collateral-dependent arterioles of exercise-trained pigs. Conclusions: Neuropilin-1 plays a vital role in the exercise-enhanced VEGF165-mediated vasodilatation of collateral-dependent coronary arterioles and is associated with increased neuropilin-1 receptor protein levels.
Teaching modern foreign languages to single-sex classes

This paper addresses a number of questions of relevance to practitioners and researchers who have an interest in the potential of single-sex groups to raise pupil achievement in modern foreign languages. It explores the perceptions and experiences of pupils and teachers in five mixed comprehensive schools in England who were involved in single-sex initiatives for at least one academic year. The potential benefits of such groups are described, along with other factors which may influence their effectiveness.
Modesty in the Top Management Team

Much of the recent research on executive characteristics focuses on attributes that society tends to view negatively, such as self-interest, self-serving bias, and narcissism. While providing insights into how executives’ impact organizational outcomes, there may be attributes more positively viewed by society present in top management teams (TMTs) that have been overlooked, specifically TMT modesty. Though modesty deviates from the conventional view of executives, evidence from social psychology suggests that modesty positively impacts career success and upward mobility, suggesting that at least some individuals that rise to the level of the TMT are more modest than previously expected. Building on this insight, we argue that TMT modesty both elicits positive investor reactions following earnings calls and corresponds with higher levels of firm performance.
Filtering the female: Television news coverage of the 1993 Canadian leaders' debates

This article uses televised news reports of the 1993 Canadian leaders’ debates to examine gendered mediation in the coverage of women politicians. By assessing the preponderance of interpretive versus descriptive coverage for the male and female debate participants we show that coverage of female political leaders is more filtered than men’s. A comparison of actual debate behavior and sound bite coverage also reveals that political coverage tends to marginalize women when they fail to conform to traditional masculine norms of political behavior but will over-emphasize the behavior counter to traditional feminine stereotypes when they do behave combatively. As a result, the women’s soundbites focused disproportionately on aggressive verbal behavior and gestures. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: Website: ]
“My Child has Cerebral Palsy”: Parental Involvement and Children’s School Engagement

Engaged students tend to show school-committed behaviors (e.g., attend classes, get involved with the learning process), high achievement, and sense of belonging. However, students with disabilities are prone to show a lack of engagement with school due to the specific difficulties they have to handle. In fact, children with disabilities are likely to show poor participation in school when compared with children without disabilities. This poor involvement is related to their low autonomy to participate in the school activities, which, in turn, results in low school engagement. Parents play a crucial role in their children’s education. Parental involvement in school activities promotes autonomous behaviors and, consequently, school engagement. In fact, extant literature has shown close relationships between parental involvement, school engagement, and academic performance. Yet, parental involvement in school activities of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) has received little direct attention from researchers. These children tend to display lower participation due to the motor, or cognitive, impairments that compromise their autonomy, and have a high likelihood to develop learning disabilities, with special incidences in reading and arithmetic. Therefore, our aim is twofold, to understand the parental styles; and how the perceived parental involvement in school activities is related to their children school engagement. Hence, 19 interviews were conducted with one of the parents of 19 children with CP. These interviews explored the school routines of children and the perceived involvement of parents in those routines. Additionally, children filled out a questionnaire on school engagement. Results show that the majority of the parents were clustered in the Autonomy Allowance and Acceptance and Support parental style, and the majority of their children were perceived as autonomous. Moreover, about a half of the children reported a high level of school engagement. Finally, neither children’s autonomous behaviors reported by parents, nor parental style, seem to be related with the children’s level of school engagement. Rehabilitation centers and schools could consider training parents/caregivers focusing on their educational needs, promotion of reflections on the usefulness of applying autonomy promotion strategies with their child, and foster their involvement.
Teachers' orientations toward mathematics curriculum materials: Implications for teacher learning

This study was prompted by the current availability of newly designed mathematics curriculum materials for elementary teachers. Seeking to understand the role that reform-oriented curricula might play in supporting teacher learning, we studied the ways in which 8 teachers in the same school used one such curriculum, Investigations in Number, Data, and Space (TERC, 1998). Findings revealed that teachers had orientations toward using curriculum materials that influenced the way they used them regardless of whether they agree with the mathematical vision within the materials. As a result, different uses of the curriculum led to different opportunities for student and teacher learning. Inexperienced teachers were most likely to take a piloting stance toward the curriculum and engage all of its resources fully. Findings suggest that reform efforts might include assisting teachers in examining unfamiliar curriculum resources and developing new approaches to using these materials.
Osmotic Agents Hamper Mesothelial Repopulation as Seen in the Doughnut In Vivo Model

♦ Background The problem of mesothelial cell injury derived from the use of peritoneal dialysis solutions has been explored deeply. Conversely, the eventual detrimental effects upon mesothelial cell regeneration have awaked less investigative efforts than those focused on injury. ♦ Objective To evaluate in the in vivo and in situ rat “doughnut” model of mesothelial repopulation, the eventual effect of peritoneal lavage with Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) as well as that of 4.25% glucose and 7.5% icodextrin dialysis solutions. ♦ Experimental Animals 100 Sprague–Dawley albino rats were included in the study. Animals were divided into five groups of 20 rats each: group 1: control at zero time; group 2: sham-injected rats; group 3: rats exposed to HBSS; group 4: rats treated with 4.25% glucose peritoneal dialysis solution; group 5: rats injected with 7.5% icodextrin. ♦ Methods Selective exfoliation of a ring of mesothelium (width 0.8 mm, diameter 4 mm) covering the anterior surface of the liver was performed in 80 animals. The control zero-time group was used to evaluate the normal density distribution of the mesothelial cells forming the monolayer. The other groups were treated by means of daily sham injections or intraperitoneal infusion of each experimental solution for a period of 30 consecutive days. After a recovery period of 15 days, imprints and biopsies from the monolayer covering the exfoliated area were taken and processed for light microscopy. ♦ Results Macroscopic observation of the abdominal cavity at the end of the 15-day recovery period showed that the prevalence of fibrotic adhesions between the peritoneal exfoliated area and the neighboring diaphragm was 10% for the sham-injected group, 5% for the HBSS-exposed animals, 85% for the rats injected with 4.25% glucose, and 95% for the icodextrin-treated group. Prevalence of fibrous adhesions in sham-injected animals and rats exposed to HBSS were devoid of statistically significant differences. Conversely, comparison of these groups with results observed in animals treated with the osmotic agents was significant, at the p < 0.0039 level. Regarding density distribution of mesothelial cells observed in imprints, there were no significant differences between the control zero-time and the sham-injected group. This parameter was marginally lower (p < 0.05) in the HBSS-treated rats. Imprints were not taken from animals exposed to glucose or icodextrin because a dense layer of connective tissue replaced the exfoliated mesothelial area. ♦ Conclusions Observations made in this study support the contention that both osmotic agents, 4.25% glucose and 7.5% icodextrin, substantially restrain the normal process of mesothelial cell repopulation and induce repair by means of connective tissue. The underlying mechanism is most likely sustained oxidative stress.
On the Seasonal Forecasting of Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are a hazard to life and property and a prominent element of the global climate system; therefore, understanding and predicting TC location, intensity, and frequency is of both societal and scientific significance. Methodologies exist to predict basinwide, seasonally aggregated TC activity months, seasons, and even years in advance. It is shown that a newly developed high-resolution global climate model can produce skillful forecasts of seasonal TC activity on spatial scales finer than basinwide, from months and seasons in advance of the TC season. The climate model used here is targeted at predicting regional climate and the statistics of weather extremes on seasonal to decadal time scales, and comprises high-resolution (50 km × 50 km) atmosphere and land components as well as more moderate-resolution (~100 km) sea ice and ocean components. The simulation of TC climatology and interannual variations in this climate model is substantially improved by correcting systematic o.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation: A dynamic regulator of lysyl oxidase‐facilitated breast cancer migration

Fluctuating oxygen levels characterize the microenvironment of many cancers and tumor hypoxia is associated with increased invasion and metastatic potential concomitant with a poor prognosis. Similarly, the expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in breast cancer facilitates tumor cell migration and is associated with estrogen receptor negative status and reduced patient survival. Here we demonstrate that hypoxia/reoxygenation drives poorly invasive breast cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype by up‐regulating LOX expression and catalytic activity. Specifically, hypoxia markedly increased LOX protein expression; however, catalytic activity (β‐aminopropionitrile inhibitable hydrogen peroxide production) was significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, poorly invasive breast cancer cells displayed a marked increase in LOX‐dependent FAK/Src activation and cell migration following hypoxia/reoxygenation, but not in response to hypoxia alone. Furthermore, LOX expression is only partially dependent on hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1α) in poorly invasive breast cancer cells, as hypoxia mimetics and overexpression of HIF‐1α could not up‐regulate LOX expression to the levels observed under hypoxia. Clinically, LOX expression positively correlates with tumor progression and co‐localization with hypoxic regions (defined by HIF‐1α expression) in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma primary tumors. However, positive correlation is lost in metastatic tumors, suggesting that LOX expression is independent of a hypoxic environment at later stages of tumor progression. This work demonstrates that both hypoxia and reoxygenation are necessary for LOX catalytic activity which facilitates breast cancer cell migration through a hydrogen peroxide‐mediated mechanism; thereby illuminating a potentially novel mechanism by which poorly invasive cancer cells can obtain metastatic competency. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1369–1378, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
System Design Issues for Internet Middleware Services: Deductions from a Large Client Trace

In this paper, we present the analysis of a large client-side web trace gathered from the Home IP service at the University of California at Berkeley. Specifically, we demonstrate the heterogeneity of web clients, the existence of a strong and very predictable diurnal cycle in the clients' web activity, the burstiness of clients' requests at small time scales (but not large time scales, implying a lack of self-similarity), the presence of locality of reference in the clients' requests that is a strong function of the client population size, and the high latency that services encounter when delivering data to clients, implying that services will need to maintain a very large number of simultaneously active requests. We then present system design issues for Internet middleware services that were drawn both from our trace analysis and our implementation experience of the TranSend transformation proxy.
Mass Communication and Society

Course Objectives By the time you complete this course, you should have: 1. learned multiple perspectives for evaluating competing claims regarding the interaction between media, culture and society; 2. acquired the ability to critically analyze and evaluate the content of media products; 3. completed a scholarly research paper that critically examines a media institution, product, audience or trend in mass communication.
Cultured Human Mast Cells Are Heterogeneous for Expression of the High-Affinity IgE Receptor FcεRI

Objective: We determined the density of FcΕRI on mast cells cultured from cord (CBMC) and peripheral blood (PBMC) and studied the kinetics of the response through FcΕRI. Methods: Mast cells were cultured from CD133+ progenitors from peripheral or cord blood. FcΕRI was stabilized by culture with 2 µg/ml IgE. Cells were activated by addition of anti-FcΕRI antibody (1 ng/ml–10 µg/ml). Maximal activation, sensitivity, and cooperativity were determined. Results: All cultures were homogeneous for tryptase and metachromasy. All cells expressing FcΕRI could be activated by cross-linking FcΕRI to upregulate CD63. PBMC bind 203,000 molecules of IgE/cell. Stabilization of FcΕRI with IgE doubled the number of CD63+ cells (p = 0.0001) and increased the sensitivity (from 0.083 to 0.013 µg/ml anti-FcΕRI) and the slope factor (from 10.8 to 68) of PBMC but not of CBMC. Anti-IgE reversed these effects (p = 0.0002) but did not reduce activation levels below that of cell lines not stabilized with IgE. Conclusion: Baseline expression of FcΕRI is independent of anti-IgE. The fraction of PBMC that binds high levels of IgE can be activated through FcΕRI.
Who Gives What to Charity? Characteristics Affecting Donation Behavior

Giving to charities takes two major forms: time and money. In this study the authors explored whether donors/nondonors can be distinguished using demographic, socioeconomic, and psychographic variables suggested by literature across disciplines. Data were collected through a large-scale telephone survey in Taiwan. The results indicate that determinants affecting volunteering are mostly intrinsic while those for monetary donations are mostly extrinsic. Additionally, educational attainment and income are useful to explain and predict monetary donation amounts. Major differences between our results and previous findings in Western countries are drawn and fund-raising strategies discussed.
Do Occupational Groups Vary in Expressed Organizational Culture Preferences?

The objective of our study was to examine whether there are differences in how employees in six occupations (Accounting, Management Information Systems, Marketing, Production, and Secretarial/Clerical) describe the organizational culture in which they felt they would be most effective. The differences found within the context of one national culture were differences in degree rather than in kind. Members of each occupational group indicated that an organizational culture that emphasizes constructive interpersonal relationships, participative management, and values individual work initiative and task accomplishment is preferred. Management Information Systems emerged as having significantly more extreme preferences in their description of an ideal organizational culture. Additionally, it was found that the professional occupations had distinctly different degrees of preferences for specific types of organizational culture than the non-professional occupations. The dominant type of work (person-oriented vs. task-oriented) also had an effect on organizational culture preferences.
Presenting HTML Structure in Audio: User Satisfaction with Audio Hypertext

This paper discusses the results of a 2 by 4 mixed design experiment testing various ways of presenting HTML structures in audio. Four interface styles were tested: (1) one speaker, minimal sound effects, (2) one speaker, many sound effects, (3) many speakers, minimal sound effects, and (4) many speakers, many sound effects. The results obtained were both specific to the interfaces used (i.e., that the use of three different speakers to present heading levels was confusing) and more general (for example, natural sounds are more distinguishable and easier to remember than tones). A short discussion of typical HTML usage is also presented.
Intraoperative pulmonary function dynamics in adolescents undergoing reduction mammoplasty: A prospective case series

Background Improvement of lung function following reduction mammoplasty has been previously reported among adult populations in the medical literature. Objectives To evaluate the intraoperative dynamics of pulmonary function in adolescents undergoing reduction mammoplasty. Methods The present study is a prospective case series of female patients 13 to 18 years of age who underwent inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty between November 20, 2006 and April 4, 2011. Documented variables included patient baseline characteristics, operation duration, muscle relaxant use and total breast tissue removed. Intraoperative pulmonary function data documented included: tidal volume, respiratory rate, peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, oxygen saturation percentage and pulmonary compliance. Differences in pulmonary function data were calculated as ratio between final and initial intraoperative values. Results Twenty-six patients were included in the analysis. Mean (± SD) age was 16.9±1.1 years and mean body mass index was 28.9±6.1 kg/m2. Mean operation time was 218±52 min, with average total bilateral breast tissue removal of 1810±1065 g. Improvement in lung compliance was observed in 24 patients (92.3%; P<0.0001). Mean intraoperative lung compliance improvement was 23.92% (95% CI 8.3% to 37%; P=0.001). Conclusion Intraoperative improvement in lung compliance was observed in adolescent patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty.
Epilepsy in the Developing Brain: Lessons from the Laboratory and Clinic

Summary: Children with epilepsy present unique challenges to the clinician. In addition to having differences in clinical and EEG phenomena, children differ from adults in regard to etiological factors, response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and outcome. It is now recognized that the immature brain also differs from the mature brain in the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis and propagation of seizures. The immature brain is more prone to seizures due to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain, can lead to depolarization in the hippocampal CA3 region in very young rats. There are also age‐related differences in response to GABA agonists and antagonists in the substantia nigra, a structure important in the propagation of seizures. These age‐related differences in response to GABAergic agents provide further evidence that the pathophysiology of seizures in the immature brain differs from that in the mature brain. Although prolonged seizures can cause brain damage at any age, the extent of brain damage after prolonged seizures is highly age dependent. Far less histological damage and fewer disturbances in cognition result from prolonged seizures in the immature brain than from seizures of similar duration and intensity in mature animals. However, detrimental effects of AEDs may be greater in the immature brain, than in the mature brain. These lessons from the animal laboratory raise questions about the appropriateness of current therapeutic approaches to childhood seizure disorders.