Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of treatment of unilateral visual impairment detected at preschool vision screening

Abstract Objectives To test the efficacy of treatment for unilateral visual loss detected by preschool vision screening and the extent to which effectiveness varies with initial severity. Design Randomised controlled trial of full treatment with glasses and patching, if required, compared with glasses only or no treatment. Masked assessment of best corrected acuity after one year of follow up. Setting Eight UK eye departments. Participants 177 children aged 3-5 years with mild to moderate unilateral impairment of acuity (6/9 to 6/36) detected by screening. Results Children in the full and glasses treatment groups had incrementally better visual acuity at follow up than children who received no treatment, but the mean treatment effect between full and no treatment was equivalent to only one line on a Snellen chart (0.11 log units; 95% confidence interval 0.050 to 0.171; P < 0.0001). The effects of treatment depended on initial acuity: full treatment showed a substantial effect in the moderate acuity group (6/36 to 6/18 at recruitment) and no significant effect in the mild acuity group (6/9 to 6/12 at recruitment) (P = 0.006 for linear regression interaction term). For 64 children with moderate acuity loss the treatment effect was 0.20 log units, equivalent to one to two lines on a Snellen chart. When all children had received treatment, six months after the end of the trial, there was no significant difference in acuity between the groups. Conclusions Treatment is worth while in children with the poorest acuity, but in children with mild (6/9 to 6/12) unilateral acuity loss there was little benefit. Delay in treatment until the age of 5 did not seem to influence effectiveness.
Seasonal Variations in Notification of Active Tuberculosis Cases in China, 2005–2012

Background Although seasonal variation in tuberculosis (TB) incidence has been described in many countries, it remains unknown in China. Methods A time series decomposition analysis (X-12-ARIMA) was performed to examine the seasonal variation in active TB cases nationwide from 2005 through 2012 in China. Seasonal amplitude was calculated for the evaluation of TB seasonal variation. Results A total of 7.78 million active TB cases were reported over a period of 8 years. A spring peak (April) was observed with seasonal amplitude of 46.3%, compared with the winter trough (February). Most cases in provinces with subtropical and tropical monsoon climate showed lower amplitudes than those in temperate continental, plateau and mountain climate regions. The magnitude of seasonality varied inversely with annual average temperature, r (95% CI) = -0.71 (-0.79, -0.61). The seasonal amplitudes were 56.7, 60.5, 40.6, 46.4 and 50.9% for patients aged ≤14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–64, and ≥65 years, respectively. Students demonstrated greater seasonal amplitude than peasants, migrant workers and workers (115.3% vs. 43.5, 41.6 and 48.1%). Patients with pulmonary TB had lower amplitude compared to patients with pleural and other extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) (45.9% vs. 52.0 and 56.3%). Relapse cases with sputum smear positive TB (SS+ TB) had significantly higher seasonal amplitude compared to new cases with sputum smear positive TB (52.2% vs. 41.6%). Conclusions TB is a seasonal disease in China. The peak and trough of TB transmission actually are in winter and in autumn respectively after factors of delay are removed. Higher amplitudes of TB seasonality are more likely to happen in temperate continental, plateau and mountain climate regions and regions with lower annual average temperature, and young person, students, patients with EPTB and relapse cases with SS+ TB are more likely to be affected by TB seasonality.
Design of a PWM current source rectifier for high power induction melting applications

PWM current source converters (CSCs) can directly replace traditional thyristor rectifiers in many industrial applications to improve power quality significantly. In this work, a design process for PWM current source rectifiers in the range of 1–10 MVA is developed. Different PWM techniques for CSCs are reviewed in the light of semiconductor losses and harmonic distortion of the modulated current. A design procedure for the ac-filter (LC-filter) is proposed that identifies filter designs that comply to emission limits for harmonic currents as well as thermal limits of the semiconductors. The design procedure is verified by detailed simulations. Results of a real-world case study are presented.
Investigation of windowless gas target system for particle accelerators

The application of intense accelerator based neutron sources has been hampered in the past by the material properties of the target system and the requirements of passing the accelerated beam from the vacuum environment of the accelerator to the target. This investigation examines two different methods which remove the limitations of the window in gas target systems. The first system was initially developed by Iverson at MIT and relied upon low conductance nozzles and rotating disks which opened and closed the beam line. This system achieved pressures up to 75 mbar in the target chamber with pressures below 10-3 mbar in the first pumping chamber. Similar experiments conducted by Guzek, Tapper, and Watterson, at Schonland Research Centre at the University of Witwatersrand, were able to reach three atmospheres of pressure in the target chamber. Re-design efforts were conducted to improve the Iverson design and increase the stability of the rotating disks as well as increase the pressure in the target chamber. The second system examined utilized a "Plasma Porthole" developed by Hershcovitch of Brookhaven National Laboratory. This system relies upon the high pressure and high viscosity of a stabilized plasma arc to support the large pressure differential between the target chamber and first vacuum chamber. Previous experiments conducted by Hershcovitch had supported pressure differences of over 3.5 atmospheres. A system was assembled to fully test the performance of the plasma porthole and compare it against the mechanical system. With the utilization of windowless gas target systems, the limitations on beam current, energy focusing, and overall power output have been removed. This greatly increases the performance of many applications such as bomb detection in luggage, nuclear stockpile stewardship, and Accelerator-driven Transmutation of Waste (ATW). Thesis Supervisor: Richard lanza Title: Senior Research Scientist, Nuclear Engineering Department Thesis Supervisor: Lawrence Lidsky Title: Professor of Nuclear Engineering
KETEDASAN TERJEMAHAN AYAT-AYAT IMPERATIF BERNUANSA BUDAYA

Each language has its own uniqueness because of the existence of cultural concepts that exist in it. To bring clarity to the translation of the nuanced cultural speech, including those contained in the imperative verses, often becomes an obstacle in translation. The study, which used a qualitative-evaluative approach with the design of embedded case study research, aims to reveal the clarity of the translation of imperative verses that have cultural nuance meanings. Samples were selected purposively regarding imperative verses that have specific pragmatic meanings. The clarity of the translation of the imperative verses relies on the techniques and procedures of translation applied in dealing with micro-translation units. Couplet procedure that combines literal and amplification techniques may fulfill clarity aspect in translation. Setiap bahasa mempunyai keunikan tersendiri berkat keberadaan konsep-konsep budaya yang ada di dalamnya. Dalam penerjemahan, menghadirkan ketedasan terjemahan tuturan yang bernuansa budaya, termasuk dalam ayat-ayat imperatif, seringkali menjadi kendala tersendiri. Penelitian ini, yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-evaluatif dengan desain studi kasus terpancang, bertujuan untuk mengungkap ketedasan terjemahan ayat-ayat imperatif yang bernuansa budaya. Sampel penelitian dipilih secara purposif berupa ayat-ayat imperatif yang memiliki makna pragmatik tertentu. Ketedasan terjemahan ayat-ayat imperatif tidak terlepas dari teknik dan prosedur penerjemahan yang diterapkan dalam menangani unit-unit mikro terjemahan. Prosedur kuplet yang memadukan teknik literal dan teknik amplifikasi dapat menghadirkan ketedasan terjemahan yang berterima.
Performance comparison analysis features extraction methods for Batik recognition

Batik, as a cultural heritage from Indonesia, has a lot of motifs based on certain patterns. This paper discusses feature extraction methods for the recognition of batik motifs in digital images. In this study, the use of several feature extraction methods have been compared in terms of their performance with several scenarios for testing level accuracy. The methods include Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM), Canny Edge Detection, and Gabor filters. The experimental results show that the use of GLCM features has performed the best with a classification accuracy reaching 80%.
Integrating Decision Tree and K-Means Clustering with Different Initial Centroid Selection Methods in the Diagnosis of Heart Disease Patients

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world over the past 10 years. Researchers have been using several data mining techniques to help health care professionals in the diagnosis of heart disease patients. Decision Tree is one of the data mining techniques used in the diagnosis of heart disease showing considerable success. K-means clustering is one of the most popular clustering techniques; however initial centroid selection strongly affects its results. This paper investigates integrating k-means clustering with decision tree in the diagnosis of heart disease patients. It also investigates different methods of initial centroid selection of the k-means clustering such as inlier, outlier, range, random attribute values, and random row methods in the diagnosis of heart disease patients. The results show that integrating k-means clustering with decision tree with different initial centroid selection could enhance the decision tree accuracy in the diagnosing heart disease patients. It also showed that the inlier initial centroid selection method could achieve higher accuracy than other initial centroid selection methods in the diagnosis of heart disease patients. Keywords-Data Mining, K-Means Clustering, Initial Centroid Selection Methods, Decision Tree, Heart Disease Diagnosis.
The Early Changes in the Axoplasm during Wallerian Degeneration

Axoplasmic changes were studied in the saphenous nerve of the albino rat during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration. The axons were examined at 0, 24, and 48 hours after the surgical transection of the nerve. The material was fixed in 2 per cent OsO4 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2–7.5) with sucrose (added to a final osmolar concentration of ∼0.37 M). The earliest changes were seen in the endoplasmic reticulum which became fragmented into rows of small vesicles. Then, between 24 and 48 hours, the neurofilaments underwent complete disintegration and the axoplasm became filled with finely granular material which later formed irregular clumps surrounded by a structureless matrix, probably fluid in vivo. The fragmentation of the neurofilaments was accompanied by pronounced swelling of the mitochondria.
Housing Shortages in Urban Regions: Aggressive Interactions at Tree Hollows in Forest Remnants

Urbanisation typically results in a reduction of hollow-bearing trees and an increase in the density of particularly species, potentially resulting in an increased level of competition as cavity-nesting species compete for a limited resource. To improve understanding of hollow usage between urban cavity-nesting species in Australia, particularly parrots, we investigated how the hollow-using assemblage, visitation rate, diversity and number of interactions varied between hollows within urban remnant forest and continuous forest. Motion-activated video cameras were installed, via roped access to the canopy, and hollow usage was monitored at 61 hollows over a two-year period. Tree hollows within urban remnants had a significantly different assemblage of visitors to those in continuous forest as well as a higher rate of visitation than hollows within continuous forest, with the rainbow lorikeet making significantly more visitations than any other taxa. Hollows within urban remnants were characterised by significantly higher usage rates and significantly more aggressive interactions than hollows within continuous forest, with parrots responsible for almost all interactions. Within urban remnants, high rates of hollow visitation and both interspecific and intraspecific interactions observed at tree hollows suggest the number of available optimal hollows may be limiting. Understanding the usage of urban remnant hollows by wildlife, as well as the role of parrots as a potential flagship for the conservation of tree-hollows, is vital to prevent a decrease in the diversity of urban fauna, particularly as other less competitive species risk being outcompeted by abundant native species.
Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks by Incremental Evolution and Network Decomposition

Constructing genetic regulatory networks from expression data is one of the most impor- tant issues in systems biology research. However, building regulatory models manually is a tedious task, especially when the number of genes involved increases with the complexity of regulation. To automate the procedure of network construction, we develop a methodology to infer S-systems as regulatory systems. Our work also deals with the scalability problem by an incremental evolution strategy and a network decomposition method with several data analysis techniques. To verify the presented approaches, experiments have been conducted and the results show that they can be used to infer gene regulatory networks successfully.
Future therapeutic treatment of COPD: Struggle between oxidants and cytokines

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. Being a progressive disease characterized by inflammation and predominantly caused by tobacco smoking, it deteriorates pulmonary and skeletal muscle functioning, and reduces physical behavior, societal participation and quality of life. During the last two decades studies were focused on the airway and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway and/or parenchymal remodeling. Macrophages, neutrophils and T cells are thought to be important key players, as well as structural cells like fibroblasts, epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Mediators and proteins including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteinases, and oxidants seem to be involved differentially in its pathogenesis. Current pharmacological treatments are directed to reducing airway inflammation, boosting the endogenous levels of anti-oxidants and relieving airway contraction and sputum production. Most agents were primarily used for treating asthma. But in contrast to asthma, these treatments are not very effective in COPD. As a result, novel more specifically acting interventional drugs with less side effects are being developed to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, including COPD. This review highlights studies on novel or potential drug antioxidants such as dietary antioxidants supplementation, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, N-acystelyn, endosteine, antioxidant enzyme mimetics, and anti-inflammatory agents like antagonists of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CXCL8, and CCL2, and inhibitors of signal transduction proteins including phosphodiesterase 4, MAPK p38, Pl-3k, and NFκB.
Asymptotic formulas for unified elliptic type integrals having H-function

The object of the present paper is to introduce H-function in elliptic integral theory and to discuss about its asymptotic formulas. It is a unification and generalization of certain families of elliptic-type integrals which were studied in a number of earlier works on the subject due to their importance for possible applications in certain problems arising in radiation physics and nuclear technology. The obtained results are of general character and include the investigations carried out by several authors. 1.Introduction Elliptic integrals occur in a number of physical problems [1,13], and frequently in the form of multiple integrals. For example, the problems dealing with the computation of the radiations field off axis from certain uniform circular disc radiating according to an arbitrary angular distribution law [4], when treated with Legendre polynomials expansion method, give rise to Epstein and Hubbell [2,5] family of elliptic-type integrals: Ωj(k) = ∫ (1− k2cosθ) 1 2 dθ ; j = 0, 1, 2,. (1.1) and 0 < k < 1. Elliptic integrals (1.1) have been studied and generalized by many authors notably by Kalla [6,14] and Kalla et al. [7], Kalla and Al-Saqabi [8] and Saxena et al. [20], Kalla et al. [9], Srivastava and Bromberg [15] and others. We now describe the various generalizations of (1.1) as follows. Kalla [6,14] introduced the generalization of the form:
Optimizing Batch Crystallization Cooling Profiles: The Design of Dynamic Experiments Approach

Abstract A new data-driven methodology for optimizing time-variant profiles in batch processes without the need for a first-principles model is applied to a batch cooling crystallization to find the optimum cooling trajectory that minimizes the total amount of nucleation during the crystallization. The method, Design of Dynamic Experiments (Georgakis, 2009), is an extension of the classical Design of Experiments approach and can be applied to any process where time-variant profiles, typically batch and semi-batch operations, are important for optimizing key aspects of the process. As a data-driven approach with no first-principles model required for process optimization, this methodology may be particularly useful for complex processes for which no knowledge-driven model exists.
Newborn infants' auditory system is sensitive to Western music chord categories

Neural encoding of abstract rules in the audition of newborn infants has been recently demonstrated in several studies using event-related potentials (ERPs). In the present study the neural encoding of Western music chords was investigated in newborn infants. Using ERPs, we examined whether the categorizations of major vs. minor and consonance vs. dissonance are present at the level of the change-related mismatch response (MMR). Using an oddball paradigm, root minor, dissonant and inverted major chords were presented in a context of consonant root major chords. The chords were transposed to several different frequency levels, so that the deviant chords did not include a physically deviant frequency that could result in an MMR without categorization. The results show that the newborn infants were sensitive to both dissonant and minor chords but not to inverted major chords in the context of consonant root major chords. While the dissonant chords elicited a large positive MMR, the minor chords elicited a negative MMR. This indicates that the two categories were processed differently. The results suggest newborn infants are sensitive to Western music categorizations, which is consistent with the authors' previous studies in adults and school-aged children.
How is perception of time associated with cognitive functioning? The relationship between time perspective and executive control

The aim of the present studies was to examine the relationship between time perspective and executive control. In two studies, executive control was assessed with tasks that require deliberate inhibition of automatic responses (antisaccade and go/no-go) and time perspective was assessed with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Additionally, in the first study, we controlled for intelligence and personality, whereas, in the second study, stress states were measured during task performance. Study 1 (N = 233) showed that Present Fatalism was negatively correlated with the antisaccade task. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that the association between Present Fatalism and executive control was partly due to their shared variance with fluid intelligence. Study 2 (N = 128) explored the potential mediating role of test-related stress states in the relationship between executive control and time perspective. We found that different stress states mediated the relation between cognitive performance and time perspective. Specifically, task engagement mediated the relationship between Present Fatalism and inhibition, whereas for the connection between Past Negative and inhibition, distress was crucial. The results provide new insights on cognitive functioning in the context of the time perspective theory.
Predictors of Robust Sport Confidence in Collegiate Athletes

PREDICTORS OF ROBUST SPORT CONFIDENCE IN COLLEGIATE ATHLETES by Deanna Kay Morrison Recent research has defined and conceptualized a form of sport confidence, known as robust sport confidence (RSC), as a stable, protective, and strong set of beliefs that enable athletes to deal with adversity, setbacks, and challenges that occur regularly in sport. (Thomas et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to identify possible predictors of RSC in collegiate athletes. The study included 236 collegiate athletes across multiple sports. Participants completed a set of quantitative inventories regarding athlete trait RSC, Vealey and colleagues’ (1998) nine sources of sport confidence, and optimism. Two open-ended questions were also included to give the participants a chance to discuss other potential predictors of sport confidence previously not considered. The present study was one of the first to examine the interrelationships between RSC and other psychological constructs. PREDICTORS OF ROBUST SPORT CONFIDENCE IN COLLEGIATE ATHLETES
Neuroticism and Attentional Biases for Threatening Stimulus

The role of the different dimensions of the personality in the cognitive processing includes some important research areas in the field of cognitive psychology. The present study aimed to investigate differences of attentional bias in individual with up and down neuroticism. For this purpose, 130 subjects (67 people with high neuroticism and 63 people with low neuroticism) were completed word-picture task and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The main and interactive effect and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between neuroticism and Attentional bias. The results showed that people with high neuroticism compared to people with low neuroticism perform slower in experimental trials. In addition, the resulting correlation coefficient indicated a positive and meaningful relationship between neuroticism and Attentional bias, it seems that along with increased scores of people in neuroticism, more Attentional bias was showing by them. These findings indicated that the necessity of using treatment strategies tailored to the characteristics of personality was multiplied.
Animation of user algorithms on the Web

An algorithm animation environment called Jeliot is presented. Jeliot allows a Web user to visualize his/her own algorithms, written in Java, over the Internet. Jeliot is based on self-animation of data types: the user selects the data objects of the source code which he/she wants to visualize, and Jeliot produces the animation automatically.