Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep apnea in multiinfarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Sleep-related hypopneas and apneas were studied in 19 patients with multiinfarct dementia (MID), in 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in 26 healthy control subjects using the Static Charge-Sensitive Bed (SCSB) method. Demented patients had more apneas or hypopneas and more disturbed sleep than the control subjects. Over 10 apneas/hypopneas per hour of sleep were detected in 47.5% of the demented patients and in 19.2% of the control subjects (p less than 0.05). Restlessness comprised 46.7% of the time in bed in patients with AD and 49.6% in those with MID, but only 102. % in the control subjects (p less than 0.001, controls versus demented). The total duration of apneas and hypopneas calculated from the total sleeping time was greater than 10% in 60.0% of the demented patients and in 15.4% of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Patients with MID tended to have more apneas/hypopneas than those with AD, and apneas/hypopneas tended to increase in direct proportion to the severity of dementia. Age had no effect on the proportion of apneas and hypopneas among demented patients or control subjects, but male controls had more apneas and hypopneas than did female controls.
Which Has Stronger Impacts on Regional Segregation: Industrial Agglomeration or Ethnolinguistic Clustering?

Abstract We investigate how regional segregation patterns are affected by industrial agglomeration and ethnic clustering, by adding the externality of ethnicity to the model of agglomeration and trade proposed by Ottaviano et al. (2002. Agglomeration and trade revisited, International Economic Review, 43, 409–436). We show that ethnic segregation patterns are persistent, while ethnic mixing distribution appears only when trade costs are intermediate and ethnicity clustering preferences are less intense. Further, discrepancies of the social optimum and equilibrium are caused because the social optimum is less sensitive to a change in trade costs, when the population of farmers (immobile factors affecting ethnicity utilities) is sufficiently large.
Evaluation of prognostic parameters of E-cadherin status in breast cancer treatment.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in women. Axillary lymph node involvement, tumour size, receptor status, and level of malignancy are the most significant prognostic factors in breast cancer, but insufficient to date. More factors are needed for establishing the prognosis and treatment in these patients. The aim of the presented study was evaluation of E-cadherin expression and its prognostic value among 89 specimens of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS 89 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens were studied for expression of E-cadherin detected by immunohistochemistry. During 10-year observation overall/OS/and disease-free survival/DFS/of patients were assessed. RESULTS Average of OS and DFS were shorter among patients without expression of E-cadherin in comparison to survival time of patients with expression of E-cadherin. The lack of E-cadherin expression was present more often among patients with distant metastasis. No essential changes were noticed in the level of E-cadherin depending on the size of the tumour, G, presence of metastasis into the lymph nodes, ER, PR and HER-2, hormonal condition and presence of cancerous tissues in lymphatic vessels and the infiltration of lymph nodes capsules. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin may play an important role in the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
Managerial Momentum: A Simultaneous Model of the Career Progress of Male and Female Managers

Using a firm-level data base to estimate a simultaneous model of the interaction of performance, ambition, and rewards in the internal promotion process, the authors analyze differences between men and women in “managerial momentum”—sustained career progress within the firm. They find that in the Canadian firm studied, the tendency of women to rely more than men on formal bidding for promotion to secure offers of promotion deprives them of managerial momentum. Underlying the greater success of men in gaining promotion is their greater use of informal networks, a less meritocratic means than bidding of bringing one's desire for promotion to the attention of superiors, and indeed one that appears to enable men to offset performance evaluations that are on the average lower than those of women.
Deposit insurance, risk, and market power in banking

A fixed-rate deposit insurance system provides a moral hazard for excessive risk taking and is not viable absent regulation. Although the deposit insurance system appears to have worked remarkably well over most of its 50-year history, major problems began to appear in the early 1980s. This paper addresses the puzzle of why major problems began to arise in the early 1980s and not sooner. ; The hypothesis is that increases in competition caused bank charter values to decline, which, in turn, caused banks to- increase default risk through increases. in asset risk and reductions in capital. This hypothesis is tested using pooled cross section time-series data for the 1970-1986 period for a sample of 85 large bank holding companies.
Using Reporting Guidelines Effectively to Ensure Good Reporting of Health Research

Inadequate reporting of research is a major concern for several reasons (Chapter 1). If authors do not provide sufficient details about the conduct and findings of their study, readers are unable to judge the reliability of the results and interpret them. There are also ethical and moral reasons for reporting research adequately. Widespread deficiencies in research publications have been extensively documented. In recent years, they have led to the development of reporting guidelines, which outline the key elements of research that should be addressed in a research report and how [2]. The primary role of reporting guidelines is to help researchers write up their research to maximize the value to others. Adherence to reporting guidelines will increase the completeness and transparency of health research publications, thereby providing readers with sufficient details to enable them to critically appraise the study [3]. Improved reporting also has important benefits for systematic reviewers and those developing clinical practice guidelines and improves the efficiency of electronic literature searches. Over time, the use of reporting guidelines may have a beneficial influence on the quality of research by raising general awareness of key methodological issues. In this chapter, we consider how reporting guidelines can be used by researchers and others to improve the quality of the accumulating research literature and ultimately benefit patients. We also consider whose responsibility it is to ensure good reporting of research.
Country of origin effect on services: an evaluation of entertainment

With globalization in its full toll, customers today have awareness about and access to various foreign entertainment forms such as movies, music and performing arts like theatre and circus. This has magnified the need and scope of the studies on country of origin (COO) effects with respect to entertainment. However, upon reviewing the literature, it is found that, though voluminous literature exists in product context, only few studies have addressed COO effects in service contexts with negligible contribution pertaining to the domain of entertainment. This article tries to address this gap by finding out whether consumers attribute COO effects to various entertainment forms emanating from abroad. This study undertaken in an Indian urban youth context proves the existence of COO effects in consumers' evaluation of various foreign entertainment forms.
Nanophotonic approaches for nanoscale imaging and single‐molecule detection at ultrahigh concentrations

Over the last decade, we have witnessed an outburst of many different optical techniques aimed at breaking the diffraction limit of light, providing super‐resolution imaging on intact fixed cells. In parallel, single‐molecule detection by means of fluorescence has become a common tool to investigate biological interactions at the molecular level both in vitro and in living cells. Despite these advances, visualization of dynamic events at relevant physiological concentrations at the nanometer scale remains challenging. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in the field of nanophotonics toward nanoimaging and single‐molecule detection at ultrahigh sample concentrations. These approaches rely on the use of metal nanostructures known as optical antennas to localize and manipulate optical fields at the nanometer scale. We highlight examples on how different optical antenna geometries are being implemented for nanoscale imaging of cell membrane components. We also discuss different implementations of self‐standing and two‐dimensional antenna arrays for studying nanoscale dynamics in living cell membranes as well as detection of individual biomolecular interactions in the µM range for sensing applications. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:537–545, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making Up the Government's Mind: Agenda Setting in a Parliamentary System

One of the most important aspects of policymaking in any political system is the pre-decision stage at which a potentially wide range of concerns and preferences are fashioned into some actionable list of proposals or a recognizable hierarchy of priorities. As well as indicating which concerns may dominate the thinking of officials who will later take formal decisions, it is at this early stage of policy development that non-government elites and other key actors may succeed or fail in their attempts to exercise significant power and influence (Schattschneider 1960; Downs 1972; Lukes 1974).
The Ecological Analysis of Business Strategy

Research on business strategy suffers because it often relies on retrospective case studies. Strategic alternatives are discussed without information on the range of existing practices. In addition, the rate at which new strategies are adopted and implemented is unknown. Studying populations of organizations over time avoids these problems and offers promise for a more sophisticated and methodologically rigorous approach to strategic studies for both researcher and practitioner.
A new alkaloid from the marine-derived fungus Hypocrea virens

A new alkaloid, 2-methylimidazo[1,5-b]isoquinoline-1,3,5(2H)-trione, was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the marine-derived fungus Hypocrea virens. Its structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, MS).
Course-Specific Motivated Learning and Outcomes: The Role of the Perceived Task Value of Course-Specific Assignments

Although the internationalization of curricula has increased steadily over the past 30 years, most universities and business schools have concentrated their efforts on program assessment activities, leaving course-level assessment as a gap in most international business assessment portfolios. To address the gap in aligning course-specific designs with course-specific learning outcomes, the current study focuses on a specific course domain. This study (1) assesses how students' subject-specific motivational beliefs and learning behavior affect their perceived learning outcomes, and (2) examines how students' perceptions of the task value of subject-specific assignments strengthen or weaken the effect of motivated learning on learning outcomes. The results highlight the critical roles of group-based term projects and individual-based IT tasks in strengthening the effect of self-efficacy and deep learning behavior on learning outcomes. International business educators are thus advised to manage students' per.
Two novel flagellar components and H-NS are involved in the motor function of Escherichia coli.

A mutation in H-NS results in non-flagellation of Escherichia coli due to a reduced expression of the flhDC master operon. We found that the hns-negative strain restored its flagellation in the presence of flhDC, although the resulting strain was still non-motile. Since the intracelluar levels of motor components MotA, MotB, and FliG in the Deltahns strain were unaltered, the non-motility indicates that H-NS affects flagellar function as well as biogenesis. We obtained an insertion in ycgR, a putative gene encoding a protein of 244 amino acid residues, which suppresses the motility defect of hns-deficient cells. The abnormally low swimming speed of hns mutant cells was fully restored by an insertion in ycgR, as assessed with computer-assisted motion analysis. A similar suppressor phenotype was observed with a multicopy expression of yhjH, a putative gene encoding a polypeptide of 256 amino acid residues. Since the flagella of most hns-deficient cells were not rotating, except a few with reduced speed, the suppression appears to increase the number of rotating flagella as observed with tethered bacteria. The ycgR and yhjH genes contain the consensus sequence found among the class III promoters of the flagellar regulon, and their expression monitored with a lacZ fusion requires FlhDC. These findings suggest that ycgR and yhjH, together with H-NS, are involved in the motor function and constitute new members of the flagellar regulon.
EVENT STUDY METHODS AND EVIDENCE ON THEIR PERFORMANCE

Abstract. The paper outlines widely used methods of estimating abnormal returns and testing their significance, highlights respects in which they differ conceptually, and reviews research comparing results they produce in various empirical contexts. Direct evidence on the performance of different methods is available from simulation experiments in which known levels of abnormal return are added. The market model is most commonly used to generate expected returns and no better alternative has yet been found despite the weak relationship between beta and actual returns. Choice of procedure for significance testing depends on the characteristics of the data. The evidence indicates that in many cases the best procedure is to standardise market model abnormal returns by their time series standard errors of regression and use the t-test. Alternatively a rank test appears to be at least as powerful. If errors are cross-correlated or increase in variance during the test period, other methods discussed should be used.
Bleeding events and maintenance dose of prasugrel: BLESS pilot study

Objective To evaluate changes in residual platelet reactivity (RPR) over time, and bleeding and ischaemic events rate using 5 vs 10 mg maintenance dose (MD) regimens of prasugrel 1 month after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Background The optimal level of RPR with prasugrel may change over time after an ACS. Methods After 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel (T0) followed by 10 mg/day for 1 month, patients were randomised to receive prasugrel 10 mg/day (n=95, group A) or 5 mg/day MD (n=98, group B) up to 1 year. RPR was assessed at T0, 37 (T1) and 180 days (T2). The primary end point was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding events ≥2 between 1 and 12 months, and the secondary composite end point was cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke and definite/probable stent thrombosis. Results From T0 to T1, RPR significantly increased in both groups A and B and the increase was higher for group B (δ ADP 10 µmol: 13.8%±14.7% vs 23.5%±19.2%, p=0.001). At T2 a lower rate of high RPR patients were found in group A (2.6% vs13.3%; p=0.014). The BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 12.6% of group A versus 4.1% of group B (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.94) and secondary end point in 2.1% vs 1.0% (p=0.542), respectively, without stent thrombosis. Conclusions RPR increases shifting from 60 mg loading dose to 10 mg/day prasugrel MD with a further increase of RPR reducing prasugrel MD to 5 mg 1 month after ACS. Clinical value of these pharmacodynamic findings should be proved in larger clinical trials. Trial registration number NCT01790854.
Order Flow and Exchange Rate Dynamics in Brazil

The paper presents results of empirical tests with hybrid nominal exchange rate models for the Brazilian foreign exchange market, using macroeconomic and market microstructure variables. The basic model was originally proposed and tested in the German (DM/US$) and the Japanese (¥/US$) foreign exchange markets by Evans and Lyons (2002). We applied the model to the Brazilian foreign exchange market (R$/US$) and obtained significant and correctly signaled coefficients, but the regressions showed low R2s, suggesting the omission of relevant variable(s). The inclusion of an additional variable representing a country-risk premium results significant and increases R2. Estimation by GARCH further improves previous results obtained by OLS. The upshot indicates that the route proposed by Evans and Lyons is a promising explanation for the R$/US$ exchange rate, but it seems the model specification needs further improvement.
Long-Lasting Neuropsychological Effects of a Computerized Cognitive Training in Patients Affected by Early Stage Alzheimer’s Disease: Are They Stable Over Time?

Introduction: We investigated the stability of effects of a computerized cognitive training previously administered to a large group of early stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, as compared with a control group. Method: Eighty AD patients were randomized in two groups and underwent a computerized cognitive training, or a control intervention. Results: A Repeated Measures General Linear Model (RM-GLM) showed a significant interaction effect for the following neuropsychological tests: the digit span forward and backward, and the two-syllable words test, as measures of short-term memory and working memory; the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) story immediate and the RBMT story delayed, as measures of ecologically oriented memory; the Token test, as measure of language comprehension; and the Brixton test, as an executive functions measure. Conclusion: Patients in the experimental group showed a significant improvement in various neuropsychological domains due to the training, and these effects decreased after 12 months.
Processing of a Subliminal Rebus during Sleep: Idiosyncratic Primary versus Secondary Process Associations upon Awakening from REM- versus Non-REM-Sleep

Primary and secondary processes are the foundational axes of the Freudian mental apparatus: one horizontally as a tendency to associate, the primary process, and one vertically as the ability for perspective taking, the secondary process. Primary process mentation is not only supposed to be dominant in the unconscious but also, for example, in dreams. The present study tests the hypothesis that the mental activity during REM-sleep has more characteristics of the primary process, while during non-REM-sleep more secondary process operations take place. Because the solving of a rebus requires the ability to non-contexually condensate the literal reading of single stimuli into a new one, rebus solving is a primary process operation by excellence. In a replication of the dream-rebus study of Shevrin and Fisher (1967), a rebus, which consisted of an image of a comb (German: “Kamm”) and an image of a raft (German: “Floß”), resulting in the German rebus word “kampflos” (Engl.: without a struggle), was flashed subliminally (at 1 ms) to 20 participants before going to sleep. Upon consecutive awakenings participants were asked for a dream report, free associations and an image description. Based on objective association norms, there were significantly more conceptual associations referring to Kamm and Floß indexing secondary process mentation when subjects were awakened from non-REM sleep as compared to REM-awakenings. There were not significantly more rebus associations referring to kampflos indexing primary process mentation when awakened from REM-sleep as compared to non-REM awakenings. However, when the associations were scored on the basis of each subject’s individual norms, there was a rebus effect with more idiosyncratic rebus associations in awakenings after REM than after non-REM-sleep. Our results support the general idea that REM-sleep is characterized by primary process thinking, while non-REM-sleep mentation follows the rules of the secondary process.
Municipal Revenue Forecasting with Time. Series Models: A Florida Case Study

Forecasts of revenue from major sources in eight Florida cities suggest that simple time-series models such as the moving average and exponential smoothing may be appropriate for revising revenue forecasts within the fiscal year, a practice that has been shown to help local governments budget closer to the ever-tighter budget restraints they face. However, interviews with local officials and examination of their budget and accounting records confirm prior findings that limited forecasting expertise and data availability in local governments may limit the utilization of these methods. Moreover, the norm of revenue underforecasting, noted in this study and elsewhere, suggests a degree of risk aversion that may preclude experimentation with the models tested in the study. Ironically, this may place local officials at greater risk of misestimating revenue at a time when their revenue streams are becoming less reliant on the stable property tax and increasingly reliant on more volatile, economically sensitive sources such as fees and user charges.
Intimate Partner Homicide

Research on covictims, family members, and close friends who have lost loved ones to intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a neglected area of study. We conducted phenomenological interviews with covictims to gain insights into risk and lethality, examined affidavits from criminal case files, and reviewed news releases. The data uncovered acute risk factors prior to the homicide, identified changes in the perpetrators’ behavior and the perpetrators’ perceived loss of control over the victim, and described barriers that victims faced when attempting to gain safety. Findings suggest that recognizing acute risk factors is an important area for future IPH research.
Will Gradualism Work When Shock Therapy Doesn'T?

When shock therapy is politically infeasible, will gradualism work? This paper takes up this question by: (i) building a political economy model in which it makes sense; (ii) stating the relevant political economy constraint rigorously; and (iii) analyzing the question in the context of a neoclassical model of adjustment, based on Mussa (1978). The paper answers the question in the affirmative, thus contributing to the scientific and policy literature on the economic analysis of policy reform.
Exploring intellectual capital disclosure as a mediator for the relationship between IPO firm-specific characteristics and underpricing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and indirect impact of firm-specific characteristics on the level of underpricing among Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs). Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis of IPO prospectuses was used for 331 firms underwent listing between 2002 and 2008. The extent of disclosure was computed by applying the disclosure index of Bukh et al. (2005). Findings – Of the five firm characteristics examined, there is a direct relationship between the firm’s financial performance and the level of foreign activity, and the level of underpricing, instead of being mediated through disclosure. However, some firm characteristics have direct influence on the extent of disclosure but do not have any influence on underpricing. Research limitations/implications – This empirical study concentrates on the Malaysian IPOs on a single disclosure mechanism. Other disclosure items can be examined together with the intellectual capital disclosure items. Practical i.