Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women's bar-related victimization: Refining and testing a conceptual model

A model of bar victimization is proposed that explores the relationships among a woman's exposure to the bar environment (i.e., frequency of going to bars), her intoxication in that setting (i.e., usual number of drinks), and such individual difference factors as her previous history of victimization (childhood sexual abuse, lifetime violence, and previous partner abuse) and personality characteristics (depression, serial anxiety, sensation seeking, and hostility). Earlier findings from work in this area suggest that exposure to the bar environment increases a woman's risk for more severe aggression. The data being used to test the proposed model are from a survey of 198 women bar drinkers in western New York State. These women described bar-related victimization that ranged from verbal aggression (e.g., threats) through severe physical and sexual violence (e.g., assault and rape). Younger age, history of victimization, greater negative affect, and more frequent drinking in bars were predictive of more severe bar-related victimization during the past year. These findings are discussed in terms of women's risk for victimization in bars and needed areas of future research.
Effects of Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Degree Utility on Student Persistence: A Path Analytic Study

A path model was constructed mapping the effect of career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) and degree utility on persistence of underprepared college students. The path model accounted for 21 percent of the variance in intent to persist and 27 percent of the variance in student persistence. The final structural model adds to the literature on student persistence in several ways. First, it suggests the importance of Degree Utility for this population: Students who believed college would provide employment opportunities and better careers were more likely to persist. Second, it confirms that CDMSE has a direct effect on social and academic integration and an indirect effect on persistence. Implications for research include developing and testing interventions to enhance CDMSE. Implications for practice include providing career counseling and advising that identifies the connection between employment opportunities and academic course, program, or degree completion and engaging in practices that increase CDMSE.
Protective Effect of Betaine on Changes in Lipid Profile , Lipoproteins and Fatty Acid Composition in Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common manifestations of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that the incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease may, to some extent, be modified by dietary means. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of betaine, a potent lipotropic molecule, on changes in lipid profile and fatty acid composition in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats, an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral administration of betaine (250 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days) significantly reduced the isoprenaline-induced hyperlipidemic abnormalities noted in the levels of lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in plasma and heart tissue. Pretreatment with betaine significantly attenuated isoprenaline-induced phospholipid depletion in the heart tissue and preserved the myocardial fatty acid composition at levels comparable to that of control rats. It also significantly counteracted the isoprenaline-mediated lipid peroxidation and maintained the level of non-enzymatic antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH) at near normal. The results of the present study indicated that the overall cardioprotective effect of betaine is probably related to an inhibition of lipid accumulation by its hypolipidemic properties or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant nature. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Management humor

Should managers deliberately employ humor to persuade and motivate staff? A framework is presented for analyzing the role of humor in managerial communications. The framework includes the presenter, recipient, message, and medium and elaborates cognitive and emotional reactions to humor by recipients. The framework is applied to analyses of the likely impacts of humor in problem solving and creativity. Facilitators and constraints for the effects of humor in managerial communications are discussed.
The relativity of Intelligence in psychology and its adverbial function in ordinary language

Psychological interpretations of intelligence have varied considerably. Theoretical approaches have differed, among other things, with respect to the number, type, and level of abilities implied by the concept. Recent investigations have suggested, moreover, that people's conception of intelligence is, at least in part, culturally determined, depending upon one's country of origin or ethnic group. In the present paper, we suggest that this theoretical and cultural relativity of the concept is related to the logic of its use in ordinary language. An analysis of the use of intelligence in ordinary language indicated that the concept has an adverbial function, which characterizes an action as successful or well executed under certain conditions. In addition to this, the concept is used at different levels, functioning as an adverbial summary of an individual's actions in general or specific abilities. This adverbial function may be related to the theoretical relativity of intelligence found in psychology, since the concept may be used at various different levels of analysis. Considering that each culture or group may adopt different criteria to identify successful actions, the cultural relativity of intelligence is compatible with its use in ordinary language.
Serosurveillance of varicella and hepatitis B infection after reported cases in medical students and the relationship between past varicella disease history and immunity status.

OBJECTIVE To identify seroprevalence of varicella and the relationship with their histories of experiences of varicella diseases and to provide appropriate immunization against varicella, mumps, measles, rubella and hepatitis B to medical students. MATERIAL AND METHOD All of the medical students were eligible for participation after informed consents. Immunization history against varicella, mumps, measles, rubella (MMR) and hepatitis B were obtained from a questionnaire. A blood sample was obtained from each student for IgG antibody against VZV by ELISA. Medical students with an uncertain history or no documentation of hepatitis B vaccination were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBcIgG by ELISA. RESULTS There were 383 medical students enrolled. The mean age at enrollment was 21.6 years (median 21.4 years; range 18-25.8 years). Of 383 medical students, 372 (97.2%) had documents of receiving MMR immunizations. The blood samples were obtained from 374 of 383 (97.6%) medical students to identify the immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) and the seroprevalence rate was 92%. Using VZVIgG antibody detection as a standard test, history of experience of varicella disease provided positive predictive value of 99.3% (148/149). Of 383 medical students, 277 (72.3%) were tested for hepatitis B markers and 243 (87.7%) students showed negative results. The prevalence of HBsAg carriers was 0.01% (4/383). CONCLUSION Suboptimal immunities against vaccine preventable diseases could be demonstrated in the medical students including varicella and hepatitis B. New recommendations of immunizations against varicella, MMR and hepatitis B viruses for a particular group of the population were provided.
The fate of murine double minute X (MdmX) is dictated by distinct signaling pathways through murine double minute 2 (Mdm2)

Mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) and MdmX dimerize in response to low levels of genotoxic stress to function in a ubiquitinating complex, which signals for destabilization of p53. Under growth conditions, Mdm2 functions as a neddylating ligase, but the importance and extent of MdmX involvement in this process are largely unknown. Here we show that when Mdm2 functions as a neddylating enzyme, MdmX is stabilized. Furthermore, we demonstrate that under growth conditions, MdmX enhances the neddylation activity of Mdm2 on p53 and is a substrate for neddylation itself. Importantly, MdmX knockdown in MCF-7 breast cancer cells resulted in diminished neddylated p53, suggesting that MdmX is important for Mdm2-mediated neddylation. Supporting this finding, the lack of MdmX in transient assays or in p53/MdmX-/- MEFs results in decreased or altered neddylation of p53 respectively; therefore, MdmX is a critical component of the Mdm2-mediated neddylating complex. c-Src is the upstream activator of this Mdm2-MdmX neddylating pathway and loss of Src signaling leads to the destabilization of MdmX that is dependent on the RING (Really Interesting New Gene) domain of MdmX. Treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of neddylation, MLN4924, results in the activation of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM). ATM phosphorylates Mdm2, converting Mdm2 to a ubiquitinating enzyme which leads to the destabilization of MdmX. These data show how distinct signaling pathways engage neddylating or ubiquitinating activities and impact the Mdm2-MdmX axis.
Using a Critical Race Praxis to Examine and Resist the Discursive Practices That Reproduce Racism, Misogyny, and Homophobia

In this article, I discuss the use of a critical race praxis (CRP) and how I applied it in an English Language Arts high school class. I am guided by Yamamoto’s definition of CRP: a critical pragmatic analysis of racial realities and their intersections with other forms of oppression combined with educating for democracy, and organizing for social justice and change. My goal was to heighten students’ racial literacy and their agency to resist other forms of oppression. I conclude the article with an analysis of my practice using CRP and the tenets of critical theory in education.
Children's capacity to remember a novel problem and to secure its future solution.

Much of humans' success rests on foresight, the ability to predict what will happen or what is needed in the future. Surprisingly little is known about how this faculty develops. In three experiments (N = 170), 3- and 4-year-old children were presented with simple puzzles. Fifteen minutes later in a different room they were given the opportunity to secure a solution to take back to the puzzle. Only the older children performed above chance, whereas both age groups could solve the task in an instant condition. The same pattern of results emerged for another task involving selection of something to 'feed ' a puppet whose favorite food was initially unavailable. Control conditions suggest that temporal rather than spatial displacement influenced performance. Verbal reports substantiated the conclusion that by age 4 some children can remember a novel problem sufficiently enough to recognize a solution and select that solution in anticipation of applying it to the problem in the future.
Brain Connectivity and Visual Attention

Emerging hypotheses suggest that efficient cognitive functioning requires the integration of separate, but interconnected cortical networks in the brain. Although task-related measures of brain activity suggest that a frontoparietal network is associated with the control of attention, little is known regarding how components within this distributed network act together or with other networks to achieve various attentional functions. This review considers both functional and structural studies of brain connectivity, as complemented by behavioral and task-related neuroimaging data. These studies show converging results: The frontal and parietal cortical regions are active together, over time, and identifiable frontoparietal networks are active in relation to specific task demands. However, the spontaneous, low-frequency fluctuations of brain activity that occur in the resting state, without specific task demands, also exhibit patterns of connectivity that closely resemble the task-related, frontoparietal attention networks. Both task-related and resting-state networks exhibit consistent relations to behavioral measures of attention. Further, anatomical structure, particularly white matter pathways as defined by diffusion tensor imaging, places constraints on intrinsic functional connectivity. Lastly, connectivity analyses applied to investigate cognitive differences across individuals in both healthy and diseased states suggest that disconnection of attentional networks is linked to deficits in cognitive functioning, and in extreme cases, to disorders of attention. Thus, comprehensive theories of visual attention and their clinical translation depend on the continued integration of behavioral, task-related neuroimaging, and brain connectivity measures.
Assessment and Treatment of the Adult with Severe Aphasia: Aiming for Functional Generalisation

Traditional assessment and treatment procedures for the severe aphasic are reviewed and details of the CADL are given. Concern is expressed over the lack of treatment carryover into the aphasic's everyday communicative attempts and reasons for this are discussed. Ways to enhance the effectiveness and generalisation of treatment are detailed. Particular reference is made to the need to incorporate components of normal conversation into treatment by: maintaining the need to communicate, incorporating contextual settings and interactions, working with numerous speech acts and maintaining linguistic realism.In addition to this, the need to focus on communicative efficiency rather than single modality production is stressed, and strategy treatment is outlined.
Sequence Design to Minimize the Weighted Integrated and Peak Sidelobe Levels

Sequences with low aperiodic autocorrelation sidelobes are well known to have extensive applications in active sensing and communication systems. In this paper, we first consider the problem of minimizing the weighted integrated sidelobe level (WISL), which can be used to design sequences with impulse-like autocorrelation and a zero (or low) correlation zone. Two algorithms based on the general majorization-minimization method are developed to tackle the WISL minimization problem with guaranteed convergence to a stationary point. The proposed methods are then extended to optimize the lp-norm of the autocorrelation sidelobes, which leads to a way to minimize the peak sidelobe level (PSL) criterion. All the proposed algorithms can be implemented via the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and thus are computationally efficient. An acceleration scheme is considered to further accelerate the algorithms. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms can efficiently generate sequences with virtually zero autocorrelation sidelobes in a specified lag interval and can also produce very long sequences with much smaller PSL compared with some well known analytical sequences.
Computational Model-Based Analysis of Strategies to Enhance Scaffold Vascularization

Abstract Stable and extensive blood vessel networks are required for cell function and survival in engineered tissues. A number of different strategies are currently being investigated to enhance biomaterial vascularization with screening primarily through extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this article, we describe an agent-based model (ABM) developed to evaluate various strategies in silico, including design of optimal biomaterial structure, delivery of angiogenic factors, and application of prevascularized biomaterials. The model predictions are evaluated using experimental data. The ABM developed provides insight into different strategies currently applied for scaffold vascularization and will enable researchers to rapidly screen new hypotheses and explore alternative strategies for enhancing vascularization.
Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Anticipated Turnover among Nurses in Sidama Zone Public Health Facilities, South Ethiopia

Background. Workplace turnover is destructive to nursing and patient outcomes as it leads to losing competent and qualified nurses. However, developments of coping strategies demand a clear understanding of workplace variables that either motivate nurses to remain employed or lead them to leave their current jobs. Objective. This study was designed toassess factors influencing job satisfaction and intention to turnover among nurses in Sidama zone public health facilities, in Southern Ethiopia. Method. Cross-sectional study design was carried out on 278 nurses using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods from May 12 to June 05, 2010. Result. A total of 242 nurses were interviewed giving a response rate of 87%. Nearly two-third (68.6%) of the participants were female, and the mean age was 28 (±6.27) years for both sexes. All job satisfaction subscale except benefit and salary subscale were significant predictors of overall job satisfaction. Satisfactions with work environment and group cohesion (AOR: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.12, 0.51]), single cohesion (AOR: 2.56 [95% CI: 1.27, 5.13]), and working in hospital (AOR: 2.19 [95% CI: 1.12, 4.30]) were the final significant predictors of anticipated turnover of Sidama zone nurses. Conclusions. More than any factors managers should consider the modification of working environment and group cohesions rather than trying to modify nurses to retain and maintain more experienced nurses for the organizations.
Individual Restraint and Group Efficiency in Commons Dilemmas: The Effects of Two Types of Environmental Uncertainty1

In most real-world commons, the exact resource quantity is rarely known, and the rate at which the resource regenerates is not always predictable. Annual salmon runs, for example, are based on breeding rates and many other factors; those fishing never know exactly how many fish will be available for next year's season. The present study employed a computerized commons dilemma simulation to investigate the impact of uncertainty in pool size and regeneration rate on individuals harvest choice and the efficiency with which groups managed the resource pool. Both types of uncertainty produced significant declines in individual restraint and group efficiency, although the group-level effects tended to be stronger than those at the individual level. Implications for the management of real-world commons are discussed.
Twenty Years After the Velvet Revolution

Families and schools are traditionally seen as substantial socialization agents forming adolescents’ social values and their views of society. Special attention is paid to the question whether the relative importance of these influences remains stable in times of major social changes. In this study, two different generations of Czech middle adolescents are compared: (a) the “post-totalitarian” generation that grew up in the last decade of the communist regime and entered adolescence during the time of rapid political and socioeconomic changes (data collected in 1995) and (b) the current generation without personal experience with the communist regime, raised in a stable democratic society (data collected in 2010). Both groups of participants (total N = 2,127, aged from 14 to 17 years) were administered an identical questionnaire. First, we examined the changes in adolescents’ perception and evaluation of the society over the last 15 years. Today’s adolescents perceive society more as a community and their future orientations are more focused on materialistic and less on environmental values. While the emotional relationship between the children and parents remains the same, adolescents learn a somewhat different message in the family, emphasizing self-reliance. School environment is perceived more as positive and engaging than 15 years ago. Second, we predicted adolescents’ social views and values from their assessment of family and school environment. Our results show that the effect of parental values on adolescents’ value orientations is higher in the current generation. Positive school environment contributes to the development of socially responsible orientations despite the changes in society.
Retrospective clinicopathological study of 418 odontogenic cysts.

OBJECTIVES To determine the relative incidence of odontogenic cysts and to identify the main clinicopathological features among patients treated in the Oral Surgery Department of the Dental Clinic of the University of Barcelona (Spain). STUDY DESIGN A retrospective observational study was made of 418 odontogenic cysts diagnosed in 380 patients included in the database of 1235 histopathological diagnoses. The subjects were treated in the Master degree program of Oral Surgery and Implantology of the University of Barcelona in the period 1997-2006. The following variables were recorded: gender, age, clinical characteristics of the lesions (size and location), radiological features, duration, treatment, complications and relapses. A descriptive analysis was made of the study variables, using the SPSS version 15.0. RESULTS The incidence of odontogenic cysts was 33.8%. The mean patient age at appearance of the lesion was 42 years (range 7-83). The cysts were slightly more prevalent in males (58.4%). The lesion size ranged from 2-60 mm, with a mean size of 18.4 mm. The most frequent diagnosis was radicular cyst (50.2%). The most common location of the odontogenic cysts was in the mandible (61.5%), particularly the lower third molar region (36.8%). CONCLUSIONS The most frequently diagnosed lesion was the radicular cyst. Odontogenic cysts were seen to be slightly more prevalent in males, and showed a high mandibular incidence. Knowledge of the biological and histological behavior of odontogenic cysts and their frequency are key aspects for ensuring early detection and adequate treatment.
RULING OUT IC/CMB X-RAYS IN PKS 0637-752 AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR TEV EMISSION FROM LARGE-SCALE QUASAR JETS

The Chandra X-ray observatory has discovered dozens of resolved, kiloparsec-scale jets associated with powerful quasars in which the X-ray fluxes are observed to be much higher than the expected level based on the radio-optical synchrotron spectrum. The most popular explanation for the anomalously high and hard X-ray fluxes is that these jets do not decelerate significantly by the kiloparsec scale, but rather remain highly relativistic (Lorentz factors Γ ∼ 10 ? > ). By adopting a small angle to the line of sight, the X-rays can thus be explained by inverse Compton upscattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons (IC/CMB), where the observed emission is strongly Doppler boosted. Using over six years of Fermi monitoring data, we show that the expected hard, steady gamma-ray emission implied by the IC/CMB model is not seen in PKS 0637-752, the prototype jet for which this model was first proposed. IC/CMB emission is thus ruled out as the source of the X-rays, joining recent results for the jets in 3C 273 (using the same method) and PKS 1136-135 (using UV polarization). We further show that the Fermi observations give an upper limit of δ < 6.5 ? > for the four brightest X-ray knots of PKS 0637-752, and derive an updated limit of δ < 7.8 ? > for knots A and B1 of 3C 273 (assuming equipartition). Finally, we discuss the fact that high levels of synchrotron X-ray emission in a slow jet will unavoidably lead to a level of angle-integrated TeV emission which exceeds that of the TeV BL Lac class.