Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entity Resolution with Empirically Motivated Priors

Databases often contain corrupted, degraded, and noisy data with duplicate entries across and within each database. Such problems arise in citations, medical databases, genetics, human rights databases, and a variety of other applied settings. The target of statistical inference can be viewed as an unsupervised problem of determining the edges of a bipartite graph that links the observed records to unobserved latent entities. Bayesian approaches provide attractive benefits, naturally providing uncertainty quantification via posterior probabilities. We propose a novel record linkage approach based on empirical Bayesian principles. Specifically, the empirical Bayesian--type step consists of taking the empirical distribution function of the data as the prior for the latent entities. This approach improves on the earlier HB approach not only by avoiding the prior specification problem but also by allowing both categorical and string-valued variables. Our extension to string-valued variables also involves the proposal of a new probabilistic mechanism by which observed record values for string fields can deviate from the values of their associated latent entities. Categorical fields that deviate from their corresponding true value are simply drawn from the empirical distribution function. We apply our proposed methodology to a simulated data set of German names and an Italian household survey, showing our method performs favorably compared to several standard methods in the literature. We also consider the robustness of our methods to changes in the hyper-parameters.
Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, and Satisfaction With Life in Military Veterans

Objective: Military veterans are more likely than civilians to experience trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests, however, that some people who experience trauma, including veterans, report posttraumatic growth (PTG), or positive personal changes following adversity. In this study, we tested a comprehensive model of PTG, PTSD, and satisfaction with life in a veteran population, exploring the roles of challenges to core beliefs, types of rumination, sex, and time since event. Method: Data were collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing website, from veterans (N = 197) who had experienced a stressful event within the last 3 years (M = 16.66 months, SD = 12.27 months). Structural equation modeling was used to test an integrated conceptual model of PTG, PTSD, and satisfaction with life. Results: Results showed that challenge to core beliefs was directly associated with both deliberate and intrusive rumination. Deliberate rumination was positively related to PTG; intrusive rumination was positively related to symptoms of PTSD. PTG and PTSD, in turn, mediated the relationship between rumination styles and satisfaction with life; PTG was related to higher satisfaction with life; and PTSD was negatively related to satisfaction with life. Results failed to show differences on any model variables as a function of time since event or sex. Conclusion: Results indicate that the intentional facilitation of PTG may be a complementary and alternative option to the reduction of PTSD symptoms for improving satisfaction with life. Findings suggest that efforts to facilitate PTG should be focused on strategies for promoting deliberate rumination.
A systematic review of older people's perceptions of facilitators and barriers to participation in falls-prevention interventions

ABSTRACT The prevention of falls is currently high on the health policy agenda in the United Kingdom, which has led to the establishment of many falls-prevention services. If these are to be effective, however, the acceptability of services to older people needs to be considered. This paper reports a systematic review of studies of older people's perceptions of these interventions. The papers for review were identified by searching electronic databases, checking reference lists, and contacting experts. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted data on the factors relating to participation in, or adherence to, falls-prevention strategies. Twenty-four studies were identified, of which 12 were qualitative. Only one study specifically examined interventions that promote participation in falls-prevention programmes; the others explored older people's attitudes and views. The factors that facilitated participation included social support, low intensity exercise, greater education, involvement in decision-making, and a perception of the programmes as relevant and life-enhancing. Barriers to participation included fatalism, denial and under-estimation of the risk of falling, poor self-efficacy, no previous history of exercise, fear of falling, poor health and functional ability, low health expectations and the stigma associated with programmes that targeted older people.
Intellectual capital and business performance in the pharmaceutical sector of Jordan

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to empirically test the relationship between intellectual capital (i.e. human capital, structural capital, relational capital) and business performance within the pharmaceutical sector of Jordan.Design/methodology/approach – A valid research instrument was utilized to conduct a survey of 132 top‐ and middle‐level managers from all 15 members of the Jordanian Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers.Findings – A correlation and path analysis were conducted to ascertain the validity of the measures and models. Statistical support was found for the hypothesized relationships.Research limitations/implications – The findings offer valuable insights on the generalizability of intellectual capital in a novel research setting.Practical implications – Intellectual capital measurement is of primary interest for senior executives of pharmaceutical firms in Jordan.Originality/value – The research reported is among only a few to investigate the issue of intellectual capital in.
Effects of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione on nicotinic receptor subunit transcript expression in the rat brain

The nicotinic cholinergic system exerts potent modulatory effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission, an effect mediated in part by increased glutamate release following activation of presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists also stimulate release of acetylcholine, suggesting that these neurotransmitter systems reciprocally regulate one another. We investigated an interface between the nicotinic cholinergic and glutamatergic systems by measuring nicotinic receptor subunit transcript expression following administration of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), an antagonist of the AMPA and kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors. Using [35S] in situ hybridization, we measured expression of α2, α3, α4, α5, α7, β2, β3, and β4 nicotinic receptor subunit transcripts in the rat forebrain. Following 7 days of treatment with vehicle or CNQX (1 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day), changes in nicotinic receptor subunit transcript expression were restricted to subunits that form heteromeric receptors. We found increased levels of transcripts for α2 and β2 nicotinic receptor subunits in the hippocampus, decreased α4 subunit transcripts in the medial habenula and amygdala, and increased β2 subunit transcripts in the septum and piriform cortex. We did not detect changes in expression of transcripts for the α7 subunit, which forms homomeric nicotinic receptors. Our findings indicate that expression of nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit transcripts are regulated in a subunit‐ and region‐specific fashion by CNQX, an antagonist of non‐NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. Synapse 52:62–72, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ANALISIS PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KAPASITAS KELEMBAGAAN MASYARAKAT DESA: Suatu Studi Pada Program Pengembangan Masyarakat Miskin di Perdesaan

Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan masyarakat desa untuk menyelenggarakan masalah publik dilingkungan desa secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan. Di masa lalu, kelembagaan masyarakat desa dengan sistem gotong royong telah terbukti berperan signifikan dalam menyelesaikan persoalan publiknya secara mandiri. Program pemerintah, melalui Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Perdesaan, bertujuan mengembalikan kemandirian masyarakat desa tersebut dengan memberikan stimulan melalui pemberian bantuan dana dan pendampingan/fasilitasi program. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah gabungan dari metode analisis isi (content analysis) dari berbagai dokumen, peraturan, dan hasil studi terdahulu dengan memperhatikan setiap periode kebijakan yang diberlakukan, dan metode kualitatif melalui pengamatan dan wawancara dengan informan kunci untuk manangkap “makna” dari setiap kebijakan pemerintah. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Perdesaan telah mampu mengaktualisasikan partisipasi masyarakat sebagai sumberdaya lokal yang potensial untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan publiknya secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan. Sistem nilai program, yaitu kompetisi, telah mampu merubah pola pikir dan pola perilaku masyarakat dan aparat terhadap program dari pola charity menuju pola pemberdayaan
Involvement of TSP1 and MMP9/NGAL in Angiogenesis during Orthodontic Periodontal Remodeling

In the present study the aim was to measure the levels of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and Lipocalin-2/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9/NGAL) complex in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at different time points of orthodontic treatment, to determine the relationship between these values and those of total-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and theirs implication in angiogenesis balance, in the situation of a good control of the bacterial plaque, emphasizing the role of TSP1 and MMP9/NGAL complex. GCF samples were collected from 16 young orthodontic patients requiring upper canine distalization (test tooth) with first premolar extraction. The contralateral canine (control tooth) was free from orthodontic force. For the orthodontic appliance, brackets Roth 0.018 inch with 0.012 inch NiTi archwire and a laceback were used. TSP1, MMP9/NGAL, and MMP9 increased from 1 hour before activation of orthodontic appliance to a maximum at 8 hours for MMP9 and 72 hours for MMP9/NGAL and TSP1. The results show a change in time of TSP1, MMP9/NGAL, and MMP9 levels in GCF of patients with this method of orthodontic treatment. The powerful correlation of MMP9/NGAL with TSP1 suggests their stronger involvement in angiogenesis processes in PDL during orthodontic periodontal remodeling, in the situation of a healthy periodontium and a good control of the bacterial plaque.
On the Zeros of the Hahn-Exton q-Bessel Function and Associated q-Lommel Polynomials

For the Bessel function \begin{equation} \label{bessel} J_{\nu}(z) = \sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^k \left( \frac{z}{2} \right)^{\nu+2k}}{k! \Gamma(\nu+1+k)} \end{equation} there exist several $q$-analogues. The oldest $q$-analogues of the Bessel function were introduced by F. H. Jackson at the beginning of this century, see M. E. H. Ismail \cite{Is1} for the appropriate references. Another $q$-analogue of the Bessel function has been introduced by W. Hahn in a special case and by H. Exton in full generality, see R. F. Swarttouw \cite{Sw1} for a historic overview. Here we concentrate on properties of the Hahn-Exton $q$-Bessel function and in particular on its zeros and the associated $q$-Lommel polynomials.
Perinatal and sociodemographic factors at birth predicting conduct problems and violence to age 18 years: comparison of Brazilian and British birth cohorts

Background Many low- and middle-income countries have high levels of violence. Research in high-income countries shows that risk factors in the perinatal period are significant precursors of conduct problems which can develop into violence. It is not known whether the same early influences are important in lower income settings with higher rates of violence. This study compared perinatal and sociodemographic risk factors between Brazil and Britain, and their role in explaining higher rates of conduct problems and violence in Brazil. Methods Prospective population-based birth cohort studies were conducted in Pelotas, Brazil (N = 3,618) and Avon, Britain (N = 4,103). Eleven perinatal and sociodemographic risk factors were measured in questionnaires completed by mothers during the perinatal period. Conduct problems were measured in questionnaires completed by mothers at age 11, and violence in self-report questionnaires completed by adolescents at age 18. Results Conduct problems were predicted by similar risk factors in Brazil and Britain. Female violence was predicted by several of the same risk factors in both countries. However, male violence in Brazil was associated with only one risk factor, and several risk factor associations were weaker in Brazil than in Britain for both females and males. Almost 20% of the higher risk for conduct problems in Brazil compared to Britain was explained by differential exposure to risk factors. The percentage of the cross-national difference in violence explained by early risk factors was 15% for females and 8% for males. Conclusions A nontrivial proportion of cross-national differences in antisocial behaviour are related to perinatal and sociodemographic conditions at the start of life. However, risk factor associations are weaker in Brazil than in Britain, and influences in other developmental periods are probably of particular importance for understanding male youth violence in Brazil.
Probability Collectives for Solving Truss Structure Problems

1. Abstract The approach of Probability Collectives (PC) in the Collective Intelligence (COIN) framework is one of the emerging Artificial Intelligence approaches dealing with the complex problems in a distributed way. It decomposes the entire system into subsystems and treats them as a group of learning, rational and self interested agents or a Multi-Agent System (MAS). These agents iteratively select their strategies to optimize their individual local goal which also makes the system to achieve the global optimum. The approach of PC has been tested and validated by solving a variety of practical problems in continuous domain. This paper demonstrates the ability of PC solving 2-D space truss structure and 3-D truss structure design problems with discrete as well as continuous variables. The approach is shown to be producing competent and sufficiently robust results. The associated strengths, weaknesses are also discussed. The solution to these problems indicates that the approach of PC can be further efficiently applied to solve a variety of practical/real world problems. 2.
Atomic-scale simulations of the mechanical deformation of nanocrystalline metals

simulations of the plastic behavior of nanocrystalline copper. The simulations show that the main deformation mode is sliding in the grain boundaries through a large number of uncorrelated events, where a few atoms ~or a few tens of atoms! slide with respect to each other. Little dislocation activity is seen in the grain interiors. The localization of the deformation to the grain boundaries leads to a hardening as the grain size is increased ~reverse Hall-Petch effect! , implying a maximum in hardness for a grain size above the ones studied here. We investigate the effects of varying temperature, strain rate, and porosity, and discuss the relation to recent experiments. At increasing temperatures the material becomes softer in both the plastic and elastic regime. Porosity in the samples result in a softening of the material; this may be a significant effect in many experiments. @S0163-1829~99! 05941-X# I. INTRODUCTION The modeling of the mechanical properties of everyday materials is a very challenging problem. The main difficulty is the vastly different length and time scales at which the various processes occur during deformation—ranging from
Wild-type SOD 1 overexpression accelerates disease onset of a G 85 R SOD 1 mouse

Approximately 10% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are familial (FALS), and 25% of FALS cases are caused by mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1). Mutant (MT) SOD1 is thought to be pathogenic because it misfolds and aggregates. A number of transgenic mice have been generated that express different MTSOD1s as transgenes and exhibit an ALS-like disease. Although one study found that overexpression of human wild-type (WT) SOD1 did not affect disease in G85R transgenic mice, more recent reports claim that overexpression of WTSOD1 in other MTSOD1 transgenic mice hastened disease, raising a possibility that the effect of WTSOD1 overexpression in this FALS mouse model is mutant-specific. In order to clarify this issue, we studied the effect of WTSOD1 overexpression in a G85R transgenic mouse that we recently generated. We found that G85R/WTSOD1 double transgenic mice had an acceleration of disease onset and shortened survival compared with G85R single transgenic mice; in addition, there was an earlier appearance of pathological and immunohistochemical abnormalities. The spinal cord insoluble fraction from G85R/WTSOD1 mice had evidence of G85R–WTSOD1 heterodimers and WTSOD1 homodimers (in addition to G85R homodimers) with intermolecular disulfide bond cross-linking. These studies suggest that WTSOD1 can be recruited into disease-associated aggregates by redox processes, providing an explanation for the accelerated disease seen in G85R mice following WTSOD1 overexpression, and suggesting the importance of incorrect disulfide-linked protein as key to MTSOD1 toxicity.
The effects of basic psychological need satisfaction during leisure and paid work on global life satisfaction*

Abstract We investigated whether satisfaction of employees’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and/or relatedness during leisure positively impacted their leisure domain satisfaction (LSAT) and, in turn, whether LSAT positively influenced their global life satisfaction (GLS). To better understand the above, we simultaneously examined these same relationships in the paid work domain. Useable data were collected from 395 adults employed at least 20 h per week. Structural equation modeling indicated that satisfaction of all three needs positively affected LSAT; with autonomy having the greatest effect. In comparison, although autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction positively affected work domain satisfaction (WSAT), competence’s effect was not significant. LSAT and WSAT positively, and age negatively, affected GLS; collectively explaining 48.6% of the total variance. Our findings largely support basic psychological needs theory in both the leisure and work domains and, furthermore, suggest these two contexts are equally effectual in regard to GLS.
Herschel : the first science highlights Special feature L etter to the E ditor HERschel Inventory of The Agents of Galaxy Evolution ( HERITAGE ) : The Large Magellanic Cloud dust

The HERschel Inventory of The Agents of Galaxy Evolution (HERITAGE) of the Magellanic Clouds will use dust emission to investigate the life cycle of matter in both the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC). Using the Herschel Space Observatory’s PACS and SPIRE photometry cameras, we imaged a 2◦ × 8◦ strip through the LMC, at a position angle of ∼22.5◦ as part of the science demonstration phase of the Herschel mission. We present the data in all 5 Herschel bands: PACS 100 and 160 μm and SPIRE 250, 350 and 500 μm. We present two dust models that both adequately fit the spectral energy distribution for the entire strip and both reveal that the SPIRE 500 μm emission is in excess of the models by ∼6 to 17%. The SPIRE emission follows the distribution of the dust mass, which is derived from the model. The PAH-to-dust mass ( fPAH) image of the strip reveals a possible enhancement in the LMC bar in agreement with previous work. We compare the gas mass distribution derived from the HI 21 cm and CO J = 1−0 line emission maps to the dust mass map from the models and derive gas-to-dust mass ratios (GDRs). The dust model, which uses the standard graphite and silicate optical properties for Galactic dust, has a very low GDR = 65+15 −18 making it an unrealistic dust model for the LMC. Our second dust model, which uses amorphous carbon instead of graphite, has a flatter emissivity index in the submillimeter and results in a GDR = 287+25 −42 that is more consistent with a GDR inferred from extinction.
Protective effects of tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in rats

Objective(s): This study investigated the protective effect of tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate (TSS) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced cardiac injury, and the underlying mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 30-min coronary arterial occlusion followed by 24 hours’ reperfusion. Half an hour before the left coronary artery ligation, rats were pretreated with TSS in three different dosages (15, 30, 70 mg/kg, IP). Twenty-four hours later, cardiac function was measured and the ratio of infarct size to area at risk (AAR) was calculated. Western blotting examined the expression of the inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box1 (HMGB-1), anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, pro-apoptotic mediators such as Bax and Caspase-3, markers of autophagy such as ratio of LC3B/LC3A and Beclin-1 expression. Results: Our results showed that TSS dose-dependently improves cardiac function, accompanied with decrease of HMGB1 level, increase of LC3B/LC3A ratio and increase of Beclin-1 expression. TSS treatment down-regulates Bax and Caspase-3 expression, while up-regulating Bcl-2 levels. Conclusion: TSS ameliorates I/R induced myocardial injury and improves cardiac function via reducing inflammation and apoptosis, while enhancing autophagy.
Experimental Study of Single Phase Flow in a Closed-Loop Cooling System with Integrated Mini-Channel Heat Sink

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of a closed-loop cooling system with a mini-channel heat sink for thermal management of electronics is studied experimentally. The heat sink is designed with corrugated fins to improve its heat dissipation capability. The experiments are performed using variable coolant volumetric flow rates and input heating powers. The experimental results show a high and reliable thermal performance using the heat sink with corrugated fins. The heat transfer capability is improved up to 30 W/cm2 when the base temperature is kept at a stable and acceptable level. Besides the heat transfer capability enhancement, the capability of the system to transfer heat for a long distance is also studied and a fast thermal response time to reach steady state is observed once the input heating power or the volume flow rate are varied. Under different input heat source powers and volumetric flow rates, our results suggest potential applications of the designed mini-channel heat sink in cooling microelectronics.