Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fibonacci LSB data hiding tecnique

In this paper, a novel data-hiding technique based on the Fibonacci representation of digital images is presented. A generalization of the classical Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding method is performed. The Fibonacci representation of grey level images requires 12 bit planes instead of the usual 8 planes of binary representation. Experimental results show that, such a redundant scheme outperforms the classical LSB method resulting in marked images having less perceptual distortion even if different planes from the lowest bit plane are selected for embedding. The computational cost of the embedding scheme is compatible with the classical LSB data hiding scheme.
Using crossover based similarity measure to improve genetic programming generalization ability

Generalization is a very important issue in Machine Learning. In this paper, we present a new idea for improving Genetic Programming generalization ability. The idea is based on a dynamic two-layered selection algorithm and it is tested on a real-life drug discovery regression application. The algorithm begins using root mean squared error as fitness and the usual tournament selection. A list of individuals called ``repulsors'' is also kept in memory and initialized as empty. As an individual is found to overfit the training set, it is inserted into the list of repulsors. When the list of repulsors is not empty, selection becomes a two-layer algorithm: individuals participating to the tournament are not randomly chosen from the population but are themselves selected, using the average dissimilarity to the repulsors as a criterion to be maximized. Two kinds of similarity/dissimilarity measures are tested for this aim: the well known structural (or edit) distance and the recently defined subtree crossover based similarity measure. Although simple, this idea seems to improve Genetic Programming generalization ability and the presented experimental results show that Genetic Programming generalizes better when subtree crossover based similarity measure is used, at least for the test problems studied in this paper.
Pre-Service Teacher Scientific Behavior: Comparative Study of Paired Science Project Assignments.

Problem Statement: University students usually lack the skills to rigorously define a multi-dimensional real-life problem and its limitations in an explicit, clear and testable way, which prevents them from forming a reliable method, obtaining relevant results and making balanced judgments to solve a problem. Purpose of the Study: The study examines the processes undergone by students in two projects and the results of these projects. One of the projects was on the subject of heat waste in the buildings of a university’s school of education. The other project was a new version of that project conducted by a group of students in the following year. Method: The study was conducted with eight pre-service science teachers who were third-year students in the Science Teaching and Laboratory Practices course at a state university’s education school located in Turkey’s Marmara Region. Case study, a qualitative research method, is used to obtain detailed and in-depth information. The research data for this report were obtained from the students’ project posters, interviews with the instructor and semi-structured interview records of interviews with the students. Findings: In the first project, pre-service teachers had serious difficulty identifying a testable research problem they encountered every day as well as developing a method to solve such a problem. Therefore, the collected data could not be analyzed because of the complexity of the data, the failure to adjust the plan to reality and the abundance of variables. Pre-service teachers in the second project began by determining an explicit, clear and testable research problem, including dependent and independent variables, regarding the waste of heat in university buildings. Two factors were very influential for this project’s success. First, re-evaluating a previous research problem was more advantageous than determining a research problem from scratch, which can be explained by the fact that science is a process that progresses cyclically and cumulatively. Second, there was more intense dialogue and cooperation between the instructor and the students in the second project than in the first project. Conclusion and Recommendations: The present study revealed that when linear scientific research project practices are replaced with cyclical scientific research processes, new and more advanced projects with a wider sphere of influence can be achieved. Providing pre-service teachers with scientific research opportunities is a way to help spread the attitudes and skills needed for research, development and innovative thinking more widely throughout society. Keywords: Scientific research, project-based learning, research and development, innovation, teacher training
Host Galaxies of z ∼ 4.7 Quasars

Two micron broad- and narrowband imaging with the Gemini North Telescope of five z ∼ 4.7 QSOs has resolved both the host galaxies and [O II] emission-line gas. The resolved fluxes of the host galaxies fall within the extrapolated spread of the K-z relationship for radio galaxies at lower redshifts, and their resolved morphology is irregular. The [O II] images indicate knots coincident with many continuum features and also some bright jetlike features near the nucleus. The line emission total fluxes indicate overall equivalent widths of 5–10 Å at rest wavelengths. Two of the QSOs are in a local environment of faint galaxies of similar magnitude to the hosts, and three have nearby galaxies with excess narrowband flux, which would be [O II] if they are at the QSO redshift.
A robust SIFT feature for fast offline arabic words classification

This paper presents the effectiveness of perceptual features and iterative classification approach for offline Arabic word images classification. Optimum word image feature extraction is the system which can obtain the minimum feature that completely represents the target for matching or classification. In this paper we develop the Arabic word image classification by extracting the feature in three main steps: firstly Scales Invariant Feature Transformation (SIFT) is applied after preprocessing. Secondly important points were selected from the descriptors by using locale maxima operation to the SIFT feature matrix. At last we use linear classifier recognizer. Our proposed approach not only performs well and effectively but also was fastesr when applied to big database images.
MIMO Single-Carrier FDMA with Adaptive Turbo Multiuser Detection and Co-Channel Interference Suppression

We propose an adaptive Turbo multiuser detection and co-channel interference (CCI) suppression scheme for the uplink single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, with multiple antennas employed for both each user and the base station. Turbo detection is incorporated with the simplified Turbo recursive- least-square (RLS) channel estimator, which provides close performance to the case with perfect channel state information (CSI). To suppress unknown CCI, we design a block-wise estimator, based on low pass smoothing, to estimate the spatial correlation matrix of unknown CCI plus noise.
GRAPE-5: A Special-Purpose Computer for iV-Body Simulations

We have developed a special-purpose computer for gravitational many-body simulations, GRAPE-5. GRAPE-5 accelerates the force calculation which dominates the calculation cost of the simulation. All other calculations, such as the time integration of orbits, are performed on a general-purpose computer (host computer) connected to GRAPE-5. A GRAPE-5 board consists of eight custom pipeline chips (G5 chip) and its peak performance is 38.4 Gflops. GRAPE-5 is the successor of GRAPE-3. The differences between GRAPE-5 and GRAPE-3 are: (1) The newly developed G5 chip contains two pipelines operating at 80 MHz, while the GRAPE chip, which was used for GRAPE-3, had one at 20 MHz. The calculation speed of GRAPE-5 is 8-times faster than that of GRAPE-3. (2) The GRAPE-5 board adopted a PCI bus as the interface to the host computer instead of VME of GRAPE-3, resulting in a communication speed one order of magnitude faster. (3) In addition to the pure 1/r potential, the G5 chip can calculate forces with arbitrary cutoff functions, so that it can be applied to the Ewald or P 3 M methods. (4) The pairwise force calculated on GRAPE-5 is about 10-times more accurate than that on GRAPE-3. On one GRAPE-5 board, one timestep with a direct summation algorithm takes 14 (N/128 k) 2 seconds. With the Barnes-Hut tree algorithm (6 = 0.75), one timestep can be done in 15 (iV/10 6 ) seconds.
Factors affecting food choice in Greek primary-school students: ELPYDES study

Abstract Objective To measure factors affecting food choice in a sample of Greek schoolchildren attending 5th and 6th grade. Design Three self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the participants – one on nutritional knowledge, one on self-efficacy and social support for dietary change and a food-frequency questionnaire. Setting One hundred Greek primary schools from Attica and Thessaloniki regions. Subjects In total, 2439 students in 5th and 6th grades. Results Principal components analysis was applied to extract the main factors affecting food choice of our subjects. Six components were derived explaining 66% of the total variation in factors affecting food choice. The first component was characterised by readiness to make the healthier choice when competitive foods are considered (explained variation 29%); the second was characterised by the impact of parents, friends and advertisements on students’ choices and also the impact of taste, smell and cooking method on the consumption of vegetables (explained variation 11%); the third component was characterised by readiness to choose fresh foods instead of ready-to-eat, pre-packaged choices as a main meal and awareness of the health value of fruits and vegetables (explained variation 8%); the other components mainly expressed the interdependence of the main factors. Conclusions Nutrition education and health promotion programs in Greece must include family members and activities regarding food preparation, as well as education and environmental changes in schools. Public health measures must include regulation of advertising. Moreover, the categorisation of foods as ‘healthier but less tasty’ and ‘appealing but unhealthy’ needs to be challenged in the future, since balanced nutrition is founded in variety and norm.
MORSE INEQUALITIES FOR MANIFOLDS WITH BOUNDARY

The aim of this paper is to provide a proof for a version of the Morse inequalities for manifolds with boundary. Our main results are certainly known to the experts on Morse theory, nevertheless it seems necessary to write down a complete proof for it. Our proof is analytic and is based on the J. Roe account of Witten's approach to Morse Theory.
Innovation Modes in Spanish Hotel Sector

Innovation is considered to be a key factor both for company competitiveness as well as for economic growth. If we consider that the weight of services in the most industrialized economies amply surpasses 50 percent in terms of GDP and especially in terms of employment, one cannot assess the issue of fostering economic growth without considering the role of services in the economies in question, and therefore, without knowing the guidelines and manners of innovating in the sector’s companies. Tourism has constituted, for the past several decades, a sector with significant and growing importance both in the European and in the Spanish economy. However, it is not until relatively recent times that innovation in the tourist sector has begun to be the subject of research studies. In this context, the objective of the present work is centred on drawing up a description of modes of innovation of innovative Spanish hotel companies using data from the Encuesta sobre innovación tecnológica de las empresas carried out by the INE. We use factor and cluster analysis to identify five clusters that may be interpreted as specific innovation modes.
Modeling Run-Time Distributions in Passively Replicated Fault-Tolerant Systems

Many real-time applications will have strict reliability requirements in addition to the timing requirements. To fulfill these reliability requirements, it may be necessary to use a fault-tolerance strategy.An active replication strategy, where several instances of the task is run in parallel, is the preferred choice for many real-time systems, as the parallel execution of the task instances gives a high probability that at least some of the instances finish successfully before the deadlines, even if others should fail. However, enabling several parallel executions of single tasks increase the need for processing power, which is costly and increases the requirements to space and energy consumption.In a passive replication strategy, only one instance of a task is run at a time. If the task fails, a backup is readied, and the task is rerun on the backup. This requires fewer resources than active replication strategies, but the extra time needed for the rerun of the task can increase the probability of deadline misses. Thus, analyzing the timing of these systems is necessary.Analysis using the worst-case execution times for the tasks in the fault tolerant system can often give very conservative results, especially if the tasks’ normal execution times rarely approaches the worst case times.The analysis of the run-time distributions of the tasks in passively replicated fault tolerant systems can be a useful tool for deciding whether a passive replication strategy is suitable for the system or not. Unlike worst-case execution time analysis, the distributions can also show the improvement in reliability for systems where the passive replication strategy does not work in the worst case scenario. This improvement may be so good that it justifies the use of the replication strategy.In this work, mathematical models for run-time distributions of tasks in several classes of passive replication systems are developed. These models give the run-time distributions as functions of parameter distributions of the modeled system, like the fault-free runtime of a task, the fault detection time distribution, and the distribution of the time between fault detection and the start of the rerun of the task.The different fault detection mechanisms used in passive replication systems lead to different structure of the mathematical models. Also, whether the replicas are homogeneous or inhomogeneous affect the model structure. Many other differences in the modeled systems’ structure will lead to differences in the parameter distributions, but not in the structure of the mathematical models.Models for systems using homogeneous and inhomogeneous replicas, with watchdogs, timeouts, and acceptance tests as fault detectors are developed. One of the goals of the work has been to show the steps used to develop the models in a way so the same steps can be used to develop run-time models for systems that are not presented in the work.The use of the models is shown with several examples, and the example results are compared to results obtained from discrete event system simulation.
The Transcription Map of Human Papillomavirus Type 18 during Genome Replication in U2OS Cells

The human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS is useful for studying genome replication of human papillomavirus (HPVs) subtypes that belong to different phylogenetic genera. In this study, we defined the HPV18 transcription map in U2OS cells during transient replication, stable maintenance and vegetative amplification by identifying viral promoter regions, transcription polyadenylation and splicing sites during HPV18 genome replication. Mapping of the HPV18 transcription start sites in U2OS cells revealed five distinct promoter regions (P102, P520, P811, P1193 and P3000). With the exception of P3000, all of these regions have been previously identified during productive HPV18 infection. Collectively, the data suggest that U2OS cells are suitable for studying the replication and transcription properties of HPVs and to serve as a platform for conducting high-throughput drug screens to identify HPV replication inhibitors. In addition, we have identified mRNA species that are initiated from the promoter region P3000, which can encode two E2C regulator proteins that contain only the C-terminal hinge and DNA-binding and dimerization domains of E2. We show that these proteins regulate the initial amplification of HPV18 by modulating viral transcription. Moreover, we show that one of these proteins can act as a transcriptional activator of promoter P102.
An Examination of the Buffering Effect of Positive Emotions on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery

An Examination of the Buffering Effect of Positive Emotions on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery Casey E. Cavanagh Positive emotions are related to improved physical and mental health. One potential mechanism through which positive emotions affect physical health is by reducing cardiovascular reactivity to stress and enhancing recovery from stress. The undoing hypothesis proposes physiological recovery from stressful events can be improved by induction of positive emotions. Although there is some research supporting the undoing hypothesis, the evidence is largely mixed. The purpose of the present study was to compare two methods of inducing positive emotions to determine if one method was superior at inducing positive emotions and thereby determine how each method affected cardiovascular recovery from stress among a sample of undergraduate students. The study employed a 2 x 2 between-subjects design. The first between subjects factor, Smile, involved a manipulation based on the facial feedback hypothesis (Smile, No-smile). The second between subjects factor, Event, involved exposure to photographs of a pleasant or neutral event (Happy, Neutral). Participants completed a mental arithmetic stressor task while engaging in the positive emotion induction tasks. Measures of cardiovascular responses were obtained and areas under the curve were calculated for each cardiovascular measure during a recovery period following exposure to stress. Results demonstrated that the smile manipulation was associated with increased diastolic blood pressure responses to stress and that exposure to personally relevant photographs of pleasant events was associated with increased systolic blood pressure responses to stress. No significant effects of positive emotions were observed on measures of cardiovascular recovery from stress. The findings observed in the current study did not support the undoing hypothesis. There are several possible explanations for the inconsistent findings. The types of positive emotion induction tasks used in the present study differed from previous research, which may account for the differences in findings. Further, recovery in the present study was measured by area under the curve. This method has not previously been used to examine recovery with the undoing hypothesis. Future research should continue to examine the undoing hypothesis to uncover reasons for the lack of consistent findings across studies that have employed various methods of measuring recovery.
Comparison between results obtained with Thetis, a real-time multi-vehicles hardware-in-the-loop simulator, and results obtained during sea trials

The purpose of this paper is to present Thetis: a real-time multi-vehicles hybrid simulator for heterogeneous vehicles. This simulator allows Hardware In Loop (HIL) simulations including virtual sensors which allow to provide a representation of a virtual world, and including the support of communication devices. The architecture of this simulator is conceived so that it ensures a temporal decoupling between the virtual environment, the vehicles, sensors and communication simulators and, of course, the actual embedded controller which warrants us the quality of the results. This paper presents a classification and a short state-of-the-art of the different types of existing simulators. Then we will introduce the architecture and functionalities of Thetis. Finally we will compare results obtained during sea-trial with our AUV Taipan300 and with our simulator.
Community Living for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Unravelling the Cost Effectiveness Discourse

The requirements for a rigorous cost-effectiveness analysis are considered. The evidence base on services for people with ID is then reviewed with an emphasis on the transition from institutional services to those in the community and postdeinstitutionalization research on the costs and outcomes of different forms of community provision. Despite certain limitations, a number of conclusions are possible: (a) overall, community services provide for a better quality of life than institutional care; (b) whether community service costs are more or less than institutional costs may depend on factors such as funding mechanisms, wage rates and the level of investment in institutional services prior to deinstitutionalization, that are likely to differ between countries; (c) economies of scale are not pervasive but may arise among settings with very small group sizes depending on staffing model; (d) the costs of staffing are a major element in total service package costs and there is scope to relate staff input more precisely to the needs and characteristics of service users; (e) the factors responsible for variation in costs and outcomes are incompletely understood; (f) however, resource input does not appear to result in enhanced outcome; (g) greater staff input is inefficiently translated into performance which affects service users; and therefore, (h) operational culture and staff training and management are important determinants of ultimate outcome. More research is required on the factors that drive costs on the one hand and outcomes on the other. An international consensus is required on the important variables to be described when doing research on residential support arrangements, so that relationships between environmental characteristics and either costs or outcome can be identified with greater confidence.
Managers’ Informal Learning: A Trait Activation Theory Perspective

Research focusing on how individual differences and the work context influence informal learning is growing but incomplete. This study contributes to our understanding of the antecedents of informal learning by examining the relationships of goal orientation, job autonomy and training climate with informal learning. Based on trait activation theory, this study examines how job autonomy and training climate, two work context factors, affect the influence of individuals’ goal orientation on informal learning. The sample included managers from a national restaurant chain in the United states. Higher levels of learning goal orientation, job autonomy and a supportive training climate were found to result in more informal learning. Congruent with trait activation theory, training climate moderated the goal orientation-informal learning relationship, but not in the expected direction for avoid goal orientation. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.