Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of surface viscosity on droplets in shear flow

The behaviour of a single droplet in an immiscible external fluid, submitted to shear flow is investigated using numerical simulations. The surface of the droplet is modelled by a Boussinesq–Scriven constitutive law involving the interfacial viscosities and a constant surface tension. A numerical method using Loop subdivision surfaces to represent droplet interface is introduced. This method couples boundary element method for fluid flows and finite element method to take into account the stresses due to the surface dilational and shear viscosities and surface tension. Validation of the numerical scheme with respect to previous analytic and computational work is provided, with particular attention to the viscosity contrast and the shear and dilational viscosities characterized both by a Boussinesq number $B_{q}$ . Then, influence of equal surface viscosities on steady-state characteristics of a droplet in shear flow are studied, considering both small and large deformations and for a large range of bulk viscosity contrast. We find that small deformation analysis is surprisingly predictive at moderate and high surface viscosities. Equal surface viscosities decrease the Taylor deformation parameter and tank-treading angle and also strongly modify the dynamics of the droplet: when the Boussinesq number (surface viscosity) is large relative to the capillary number (surface tension), the droplet displays damped oscillations prior to steady-state tank-treading, reminiscent from the behaviour at large viscosity contrast. In the limit of infinite capillary number $Ca$ , such oscillations are permanent. The influence of surface viscosities on breakup is also investigated, and results show that the critical capillary number is increased. A diagram $(B_{q};Ca)$ of breakup is established with the same inner and outer bulk viscosities. Additionally, the separate roles of shear and dilational surface viscosity are also elucidated, extending results from small deformation analysis. Indeed, shear (dilational) surface viscosity increases (decreases) the stability of drops to breakup under shear flow. The steady-state deformation (Taylor parameter) varies nonlinearly with each Boussinesq number or a linear combination of both Boussinesq numbers. Finally, the study shows that for certain combinations of shear and dilational viscosities, drop deformation for a given capillary number is the same as in the case of a clean surface while the inclination angle varies.
Reconciling "priors" & "priors" without prejudice?

There are two major routes to address linear inverse problems. Whereas regularization-based approaches build estimators as solutions of penalized regression optimization problems, Bayesian estimators rely on the posterior distribution of the unknown, given some assumed family of priors. While these may seem radically different approaches, recent results have shown that, in the context of additive white Gaussian denoising, the Bayesian conditional mean estimator is always the solution of a penalized regression problem. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we extend the additive white Gaussian denoising results to general linear inverse problems with colored Gaussian noise. Second, we characterize conditions under which the penalty function associated to the conditional mean estimator can satisfy certain popular properties such as convexity, separability, and smoothness. This sheds light on some tradeoff between computational efficiency and estimation accuracy in sparse regularization, and draws some connections between Bayesian estimation and proximal optimization.
Putting Biomedical Ontologies to Work

Summary Objectives: Biomedical ontologies exist to serve integration of clinical and experimental data, and it is critical to their success that they be put to widespread use in the annotation of data. How, then, can ontologies achieve the sort of user-friendliness, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and breadth of coverage that is necessary to ensure extensive usage? Methods: Our focus here is on two different sets of answers to these questions that have been proposed, on the one hand in medicine, by the SNOMED CT community, and on the other hand in biology, by the OBO Foundry. We address more specifically the issue as to how adherence to certain development principles can advance the usability and effectiveness of an ontology or terminology resource, for example by allowing more accurate maintenance, more reliable application, and more efficient interoperation with other ontologies and information resources. Results: SNOMED CT and the OBO Foundry differ considerably in their general approach. Nevertheless, a general trend towards more formal rigor and cross-domain interoperability can be seen in both and we argue that this trend should be accepted by all similar initiatives in the future. Conclusions: Future efforts in ontology development have to address the need for harmonization and integration of ontologies across disciplinary borders, and for this, coherent formalization of ontologies is a prerequisite.
Alcoholic Extract of Eclipta alba Shows In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity without Exhibiting Toxicological Effects

As per WHO estimates, 80% of people around the world use medicinal plants for the cure and prevention of various diseases including cancer owing to their easy availability and cost effectiveness. Eclipta alba has long been used in Ayurveda to treat liver diseases, eye ailments, and hair related disorders. The promising medicinal value of E. alba prompted us to study the antioxidant, nontoxic, and anticancer potential of its alcoholic extract. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant effect of the alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba (AEEA) in multiple cancer cell lines along with control. We have also evaluated its effect on different in vivo toxicity parameters. Here, we found that AEEA was found to be most active in most of the cancer cell lines but it significantly induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA damage. Moreover, AEEA treatment inhibited migration in both MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose dependent manner. Further, AEEA possesses robust in vitro antioxidant activity along with high total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In summary, our results indicate that Eclipta alba has enormous potential in complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of cancer.
Commentary: Has Australia (or Any Other Jurisdiction) ‘Adopted’ IFRS?

This paper replies to a statement made in this journal that ‘Australia definitely adopts IFRSs’. We analyse and compare the several methods that jurisdictions can use to implement International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). These include adopting the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) process of setting standards, as well as various forms of standard-by-standard implementation. We conclude that the Australian method of implementation is different in major ways from those used in such countries as Israel and South Africa, which involve adopting the IASB's process. By contrast, Australia follows a multi-step process of enrolling each new standard into a category still entitled ‘Australian Accounting Standards’. To refer to the Australian method as ‘adoption’ of IFRS might therefore mislead, even though Australian companies eventually comply with IFRS.
Medical complications experienced by first-time ischemic stroke patients during inpatient, tertiary level stroke rehabilitation

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the medical complications in first-time ischemic stroke patients, to identify the factors related to occurrence of complications. [Subjects and Methods] First-time ischemic stroke patients (n=81) admitted to a tertiary level inpatient rehabilitation center during a 5 year period were included in the study. The attending physiatrist noted the presence of specific medical complications and complications that required transfer to the acute care facility from patient records. The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification was used to define the clinical subtypes of the ischemic stroke patients. The Charlson comorbidity index was used to evaluate co-morbid conditions. Functional disability was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure at admission and discharge. [Results] We found that 88.9% of the patients had at least one complication. The five most common complications were urinary tract infection (48.1%), shoulder pain (37.0%), insomnia (37.0%), depression (32.1%), and musculoskeletal pain other than shoulder pain (32.1%) and 11.1% of patients were transferred to acute care facility during rehabilitation period. Functional Independence Measure scores both at admission and discharge were significantly lower in patients with at least one complication than in patients with no complications. [Conclusion] Medical complications are common among patients undergoing stroke rehabilitation. Close interdisciplinary collaboration between physiatrists and other medical specialities is necessary for optimal management.
Location privacy in vehicular communication systems: a measurement approach

As an enabling technology for boosting cooperations on the road, the emerging vehicular communication systems have the promise to greatly improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and driver convenience through vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. However, since many envisioned applications and services require a user to constantly reveal his locations, the user is in danger of loosing his location privacy. Hence, in the context of vehicular communication systems, a meaningful location privacy metric is indispensable for the assessment of potential location privacy risk, the development of privacy-enhanced technologies, and the evaluation and benchmarking of any given location privacy-protection mechanisms. Measuring a user’s location privacy is a non-trivial task. The location privacy metric must consider technical aspects specific to vehicular communication systems as well as social and legal aspects of privacy in such context. Existing privacy metrics have various limitations which make them incapable to fully capture a user’s location privacy and give meaningful and accurate privacy measurements. We cannot manage what we cannot measure. In this dissertation, we aim at developing a location privacy metric for the users of vehicular communication systems. Our measurement approach provides solutions for various issues in the concept, theory, and application of the metric. Taking legal and social aspects and vehicle mobility into consideration, we measure location privacy as the relationship between a user and his vehicle trips from an attacker’s perspective. Based on a capture-model-measure paradigm, the metric captures related information in snapshots, processes the information, and gives quantitative measurements of a user’s level of location privacy in the system. To truthfully reflect the underlying privacy values, we extend the metric and provide solutions for measuring a user’s location privacy in multiple dimensions such as privacy in timely-ordered snapshots and privacy in snapshots with interrelated users. Our approach is evaluated by various scenarios and simulations. We also demonstrate the practicability of our approach by a proofof-concept implementation based on realistic dataset, and use the developed metric to assess the effectiveness of privacy-protection mechanisms such as mix zone and changing pseudonyms. Altogether, in this dissertation, we give a comprehensive answer to how to measure
An extremely slow nova

The binary companion to the peculiar F supergiant HD 172481 is shown to be a Mira variable with a pulsation period of 312 d. Its characteristics are within the normal range found for solitary Miras of that period, although its pulsation amplitude and mass-loss rate M∼3×10−6 M⊙ yr−1 are higher than average. Reasons are given for suspecting that the F supergiant, which has L∼104 L⊙, is a white dwarf burning hydrogen accreted from its companion.
PR ] 3 1 O ct 2 00 3 The Noisy Voter-Exclusion Process ∗

The symmetric exclusion process and the voter model are two interacting particle systems for which a dual finite particle system allows one to characterize its invariant measures. Adding spontaneous births and deaths to the two processes still allows one to use the dual process to obtain information concerning the original process. This paper introduces the noisy voter-exclusion process which generalizes these processes by allowing for all of these interactions to take place. The dual process is used to characterize its invariant measures under various circumstances. Finally, an ergodic theorem for a related process is proved using the coupling method.
The clinical features and management of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement: a clinical analysis of 31 cases.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate measures for diagnosing and treating perineal endometriosis (PEM) with anal sphincter involvement. METHODS Between January 1992 and April 2011, the clinical features, diagnosis and management of 31 patients who were diagnosed with PEM with anal sphincter involvement at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed using their clinical records. A range of 6-78 months of outpatient follow-up after surgery were conducted for these 31 patients but was extended by telephone interviews with 29 patients conducted in December 2011. RESULTS All 31 patients had a history of vaginal delivery. The level of serum CA(125) was elevated in only 2 (6.5%) cases. All cases received surgical treatment, which included narrow excision (NE, close to the edge of the endometrioma) with primary sphincteroplasty (PSp) for 30 cases and incomplete excision (IE) for 1 case. Of the 30 cases in the NE group, 20 (66.7%) received hormone therapy preoperatively. Up until December 2011, there was one recurrence (3.6%) of PEM in the NE group. PEM relapse occurred in the IE patient 6 years after the initial IE surgery. Perineal abscesses were found in one patient post-operatively. No complaint of dyspareunia and no fecal incontinence episodes were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Based on our own experience, NE and PSp may be indicated for the treatment of PEM with anal sphincter involvement.
This is how we roll: Cultural traits in check-in behaviour

We describe our analysis of three months worth of collected human-physical environment interactions (foursquare check-in) data for two European cities: a medium-sized city in the Mediterranean and a larger city in North West Europe. Our analysis shows that though the data generated by the citizens is scarce (i.e. on average less than 15 users checked in at any time during the day), nevertheless they can closely reflect a city's dynamics. The paper also discusses the strong suggestion of emergent cultural traits from the data and its use to power new pervasive applications based on human-physical interaction.
Optimal Camera Parameters for Depth from Defocus

Pictures taken with finite aperture lenses typically have out-of-focus regions. While such defocus blur is useful for creating photographic effects, it can also be used for depth estimation. In this paper, we look at different camera settings for Depth from Defocus (DFD), the conditions under which depth can be estimated unambiguously for those settings and optimality of different settings in terms of lower bound of error variance. We present results for general camera settings, as well as two of the most widely used camera settings namely, variable aperture and variable focus. We show that for variable focus, the range of depth needs to be larger than twice the focal length to unambiguously estimate depth. We analytically derive the optimal aperture ratio, and also show that there is no single optimal parameter for variable focus. Furthermore we show how to choose focus in order to minimize error variance in a particular region of the scene.
Drosophila melanogaster females change mating behaviour and offspring production based on social context

In Drosophila melanogaster, biological rhythms, aggression and mating are modulated by group size and composition. However, the fitness significance of this group effect is unknown. By varying the composition of groups of males and females, we show that social context affects reproductive behaviour and offspring genetic diversity. Firstly, females mating with males from the same strain in the presence of males from a different strain are infecund, analogous to the Bruce effect in rodents, suggesting a social context-dependent inbreeding avoidance mechanism. Secondly, females mate more frequently in groups composed of males from more than one strain; this mitigates last male sperm precedence and increases offspring genetic diversity. However, smell-impaired Orco mutant females do not increase mating frequency according to group composition; this indicates that social context-dependent changes in reproductive behaviour depend on female olfaction, rather than direct male–male interactions. Further, variation in mating frequency in wild-type strains depends on females and not males. The data show that group composition can affect variance in the reproductive success of its members, and that females play a central role in this process. Social environment can thus influence the evolutionary process.
Predictive effects of learning burnout on positive and negative mental health in college students

Objective: To explore the predictive role of learning burnout on positive and negative mental in college students. Methods: By convenience sampling method, 786 college students were selected. They were assessed with the Learning Burnout Scale of Undergraduates( LBUS; including three factors: dejection,improper behavior and reduced personal accomplishment) to investigate the learning burnout, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form( adult version)( MHC-SF; reflecting positive mental health states: languishing, moderately mentally healthy and flourishing) to investigate positive mental health,and the General Health Questionnaire-28( GHQ-28;dividing negative mental health levels: pathological one or not) to investigate negative mental health. Results: The total scores and three factors scores of LBUS were negatively correlated with MHC-SF scores( r =- 0. 48-- 0. 14,Ps 0. 01). The total scores and sub-scores of dejection and improper behavior were positively correlated with GHQ-28 scores( r = 0. 14- 0. 41, Ps 0. 01). The results of discriminate analysis showed that the learning burnout could predict the positive mental health,the correct prediction rates of three mental health symptoms,languishing,moderately mentally healthy and flourishing were 63. 2%, 51. 2%, and 64. 1%, respectively. The total forecast was at a rate of 56. 4%,and three factors of learning burnout had the contribution to predict positive psychological health. Logistic regression analysis showed that learning burnout of undergraduates could positively predict negative psychological health,the pathological and non-pathological rate of correct prediction were 67. 5% and55. 9%,and the total correct prediction rate was 62. 0%. Depression could positively predict negative mental health( OR = 1. 11). Conclusion: Learning burnout could effectively predict both positive and negative mental health in college students.
Bidirectional LTAG Dependency Parsing Libin Shen BBN Technologies

We propose a novel algorithm for bi-directional parsing with linear computational complexity, and apply this algorithm to LTAG dependency parsing, revealing deep relations which are unavailable in other approaches and difficult to learn. We have evaluated the parser on the LTAG-spinal Treebank. Experimental results show a significant improvement over the incremental parser described in (Shen and Joshi 2005b). This learning algorithm can be generalized as graph-based incremental construction for other structure prediction problems in NLP.
Fourier transform on locally compact quantum groups

The notion of Fourier transform is among the more important tools in analysis, which has been generalized in abstract harmonic analysis to the level of abelian locally compact groups. The aim of this paper is to further generalize the Fourier transform: Motivated by some recent works by Van Daele in the multiplier Hopf algebra framework, and by using the Haar weights, we define here the (generalized) Fourier transform and the inverse Fourier transform, at the level of locally compact quantum groups. We will then consider the analogues of the Fourier inversion theorem, Plancherel theorem, and the convolution product. Along the way, we also obtain an alternative description of the dual pairing map between a quantum group and its dual.
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of Conditioned Reinforcers

Human behaviors can be more powerfully influenced by conditioned reinforcers, such as money, than by primary reinforcers. Moreover, people often change their behaviors to avoid monetary losses. However, the effect of removing conditioned reinforcers on choices has not been explored in animals, and the neural mechanisms mediating the behavioral effects of gains and losses are not well understood. To investigate the behavioral and neural effects of gaining and losing a conditioned reinforcer, we trained rhesus monkeys for a matching pennies task in which the positive and negative values of its payoff matrix were realized by the delivery and removal of a conditioned reinforcer. Consistent with the findings previously obtained with non-negative payoffs and primary rewards, the animal's choice behavior during this task was nearly optimal. Nevertheless, the gain and loss of a conditioned reinforcer significantly increased and decreased, respectively, the tendency for the animal to choose the same target in subsequent trials. We also found that the neurons in the dorsomedial frontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex often changed their activity according to whether the animal earned or lost a conditioned reinforcer in the current or previous trial. Moreover, many neurons in the dorsomedial frontal cortex also signaled the gain or loss occurring as a result of choosing a particular action as well as changes in the animal's behaviors resulting from such gains or losses. Thus, primate medial frontal cortex might mediate the behavioral effects of conditioned reinforcers and their losses.