Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity, Acculturation and Enculturation, and Parent Beliefs about Child Behavior, Learning Methods, and Parenting Roles

Relationships between family socioeconomic status and ethnicity, acculturation and enculturation, and parent beliefs about desired child behavior, child learning methods, and parenting roles in children’s learning desired behavior were examined in a study of 207 parents of preschoolers from seven ethnic and cultural groups. Different subgroups of participants were identified from patterns of acculturation and enculturation. Family ethnicity, family SES, and acculturation were differentially related to the parent beliefs whereas enculturation and combinations of acculturation and enculturation were unrelated to beliefs. Findings are discussed in terms of the high degree of specificity in the relationships between the predictor variables and parent beliefs about child behavior, learning methods, and parenting roles. The results are consistent with an individual-oriented concept of culture. Cautions are therefore raised in terms of overgeneralizations about attributing traditional beliefs broadly to families from the same ethnic or cultural group.
A Comparison between CBR and MLC in Order to Identify an Aquaculture Area from a Coastal Image

Sea reclamation works and fish farming are increasingly common in coastal zones, and how to accurately and rapidly extract the coastal aquaculture area is important for the development of coastal zones. This paper discusses a CBR (case-based reasoning) method. Firstly, using a 10 meter resolution of a multi-spectral remote sensing image of Eastern Guangdong over ten thousands of spatial, spectral, shape and texture features were extracted based on the 1:50000 standard framing of land use thematic data and by using image analy- sis. Then nine optimized features were selected using the principal component analysis (PCA) and the construction of a case base was accomplished based on these. After that, a multi-scale image segmentation was performed on the 2.5 meter resolution of a fused image of the test area, which is located on the West- ern Guangdong coast, and CBR classification was applied on all the segmented image objects. In the end, the classification accuracy was evaluated. The CBR classifier classifies an aquaculture area within coastal belts with an accuracy of 84.6 %, in contrast to that the accuracy of the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) is 82.5 %. The CBR method outperforms the MLC by 2.2 % in predic- tion accuracy. The advantages of the CBR approach are obvious, particularly in the areas that are far away from the coastlines. In conclusion, the CBR approach could be successfully applied to the extraction of coastal aquaculture areas.
Histamine H4 Receptor Mediates Chemotaxis and Calcium Mobilization of Mast Cells

The diverse physiological functions of histamine are mediated through distinct histamine receptors. Mast cells are major producers of histamine, yet effects of histamine on mast cells are currently unclear. The present study shows that histamine induces chemotaxis of mouse mast cells, without affecting mast cell degranulation. Mast cell chemotaxis toward histamine could be blocked by the dual H3/H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide, but not by H1 or H2 receptor antagonists. This chemotactic response is mediated by the H4 receptor, because chemotaxis toward histamine was absent in mast cells derived from H4 receptor-deficient mice but was detected in H3 receptor-deficient mast cells. In addition, Northern blot analysis showed the expression of H4 but not H3 receptors on mast cells. Activation of H4 receptors by histamine resulted in calcium mobilization from intracellular calcium stores. Both Gαi/o proteins and phospholipase C (PLC) are involved in histamine-induced calcium mobilization and chemotaxis in mast cells, because these responses were completely inhibited by pertussis toxin and PLC inhibitor 1-[6-[[17β-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5 (10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122). In summary, histamine was shown to mediate signaling and chemotaxis of mast cells via the H4 receptor. This mechanism might be responsible for mast cell accumulation in allergic tissues.
Additive versus Multiplicative Clause Weighting for SAT

This paper examines the relative performance of additive and multiplicative clause weighting schemes for propositional satisfiability testing. Starting with one of the most recently developed multiplicative algorithms (SAPS), an experimental study was constructed to isolate the effects of multiplicative in comparison to additive weighting, while controlling other key features of the two approaches, namely the use of random versus flat moves, deterministic versus probabilistic weight smoothing and multiple versus single inclusion of literals in the local search neighborhood. As a result of this investigation we developed a pure additive weighting scheme (PAWS) which can outperform multiplicative weighting on a range of difficult problems, whtle requiring considerably less effort in terms of parameter turning. We conclude that additive weighting shows better scaling properties because it makes less distinction between costs and so considers a larger domain of possible moves.
A modified modulation control of a single-phase inverter with enhanced power decoupling for a photovoltaic AC module

A photovoltaic AC module system has been expected to be installed on the private residences. The AC module inverter needs an active power decoupling circuit in order to enlarge the lifetime and to decrease the volume of the inverter by eliminating a large electrolytic capacitor on the input DC-bus. This paper proposes novel flyback-type single-phase grid interactive inverters with two modulation methods, sequential magnetizing modulation (SMM) method and time-shared magnetizing modulation (TMM) method, and discuss those of the operation characteristics and the conversion efficiency. It is verified that the TMM method has advantage with respect to the conversion efficiency while the SMM method causes results in low conversion efficiency. However, current distortion of AC output remains on the TMM method due to the turn-on/off delay on the switching device. The influence of the turn-on/off delay upon the current waveform distortion is analyzed and a delay time compensation is proposed. Since the proposed compensation method achieves low distortion waveform and high conversion efficiency as well, it is concluded that the proposed inverter is one of the optimal method for the AC module systems
Adaptive Multi-Source Streaming in Heterogeneous Peer-to-Peer Networks

This paper presents design and evaluation of an adaptive str eaming mechanism from multiple senders to a single receiver in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, called P2P Adaptive Layere d Streaming, orPALS. PALSis a receiver-driven mechanism. It enables a receiver peer to orchestrate quality adaptive s treaming of a single, layer encoded video stream from multip le congestion controlled senders, and is able to support a spec trum of non-interactive streaming applications. The prima y challenge in design of a multi-source streaming mechanism i s that available bandwidth from each peer is not known a priori, and could significantly change during a session. In PALS, the receiver periodically performs quality adaptation ba sed on aggregate bandwidth from all senders to determine (i) overall quality (i.e. number of layers) that can be collecti vely delivered from all senders, and more importantly (ii) specific subset of packets that should be delivered by each se nder in order to gracefully cope with any sudden change in its bandwi dth. Our detailed simulation-based evaluations illustrat e that PALScan effectively cope with several angles of dynamics in the s ystem including: bandwidth variations, peer participation, and partially available content at different peers. W e also demonstrate the importance of coordination among sen ders and examine key design tradeoffs for the PALSmechanism.
Dynamic Ideal Point Estimation via Markov Chain Monte Carlo for the U.S. Supreme Court, 1953–1999

At the heart of attitudinal and strategic explanations of judicial behavior is the assumption that justices have policy preferences. In this paper we employ Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to fit a Bayesian measurement model of ideal points for all justices serving on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1953 through 1999. We are particularly interested in determining to what extent ideal points of justices change throughout their tenure on the Court. This is important because judicial politics scholars oftentimes invoke preference measures that are time invariant. To investigate preference change, we posit a dynamic item response model that allows ideal points to change systematically over time. Additionally, we introduce Bayesian methods for fitting multivariate dynamic linear models to political scientists. Our results suggest that many justices do not have temporally constant ideal points. Moreover, our ideal point estimates outperform existing measures and explain judicial behavior quite well across civil rights, civil liberties, economics, and federalism cases.
Evidence for splicing new basement membrane into old during glomerular development in newborn rat kidneys

Tannic acid in glutaraldehyde fixatives greatly enhanced the visualization of two developmentally and morphologically distinct stages in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) formation in newborn rat kidneys. First, in early stage glomeruli, double basement membranes between endothelial cells and podocytes were present and, in certain areas, appeared to be fusing. Second, in maturing stage glomeruli, elaborate loops and outpockets of basement membrane projected into epithelial, but not endothelial, sides of capillary walls. When Lowicryl thin sections from newborn rat kidneys were sequentially labeled with rabbit anti-laminin IgG and anti-rabbit IgG-colloidal gold, gold bound across the full width of all GBMs, including double basement membranes and outpockets. The same distribution was obtained when sections from rats that received intravenous injections of rabbit anti-laminin IgG 1 h before fixation were labeled directly with anti- rabbit IgG-colloidal gold. When kidneys were fixed 4 d after anti- laminin IgG injection, however, loops beneath the podocytes in maturing glomeruli were usually unlabeled and lengths of unlabeled GBM were interspersed with labeled lengths. In additional experiments, rabbit anti-laminin IgG was intravenously injected into newborn rats and, 4-14 d later, rats were re-injected with sheep anti-laminin IgG. Sections were then doubly labeled with anti-rabbit and anti-sheep IgG coupled to 10 and 5 nm colloidal gold, respectively. Sheep IgG occurred alone in outpockets of maturing glomeruli and also in lengths of GBM flanked by lengths containing rabbit IgG. These results indicate that, after fusion of double basement membranes, new segments of GBM appear beneath developing podocytes and are subsequently spliced into existing GBM. This splicing provides the additional GBM necessary for expanding glomerular capillaries.
A Hybrid DRAM/PCM Buffer Cache Architecture for Smartphones with QoS Consideration

Flash memory is widely used in mobile phones to store contact information, application files, and other types of data. In an operating system, the buffer cache keeps the I/O blocks in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) to reduce the slow flash accesses. However, in smartphones, we observed two issues which reduce the benefits of the buffer cache. First, a large number of synchronous writes force writing the data from the buffer cache to flash frequently. Second, the large amount of I/O accesses from background applications diminishes the buffer cache efficiency of the foreground application, which degrades the quality-of-service (QoS). In this article, we propose a buffer cache architecture with hybrid DRAM and phase change memory (PCM) memory, which improves the I/O performance and QoS for smartphones. We use a DRAM first-level buffer cache to provide high buffer cache performance and a PCM last-level buffer cache to reduce the impact of frequent synchronous writes. Based on the proposed hierarchical buffer cache architecture, we propose a sub-block management and background flush to reduce the impact of the PCM write limitation and the dirty block write-back overhead, respectively. To improve the QoS, we propose a least-recently-activated first replacement policy (LRA) to keep the data from the applications that are most likely to become the foreground one. The experimental results show that with the proposed mechanisms, our hierarchical buffer cache can improve the I/O response time by 20% compared to the conventional buffer cache. The proposed LRA can improve the foreground application performance by 1.74x compared to the conventional CLOCK policy.
Subharmonic 220- and 320-GHz SiGe HBT Receiver Front-Ends

Monolithically integrated 220- and 320-GHz receiver front-ends manufactured in an engineering version of anfT/fmax=280/435-GHz SiGe technology are presented. Subharmonic mixing is provided by a Gilbert cell with stacked switching quads fed by quadrature 110/160-GHz local oscillator (LO) signals. The 220-GHz version of the front-end is equipped with an integrated LNA with a measured 15-dB gain and 28-GHz bandwidth. This front-end yields a conversion gain of 16 dB, an 18-dB single-sideband (SSB) noise figure (NF), and a 30-GHz bandwidth when pumped with a 0-dBm 110-GHz LO signal. The 320-GHz version of the front-end omits the low-noise amplifier and features an integrated × 9 LO multiplier chain to facilitate operation and characterization. A conversion gain of -14 dB and a 36-dB SSB NF is obtained over the 313-to-328-GHz frequency range. The presented circuits demonstrate that a fully integrated receiver front-end can be implemented up to submillimeter-wave frequencies in an SiGe HBT technology.
A Simple Derivation of Burnashev's Reliability Function

Feedback coupled with variable-length codes can substantially increase the reliability of a discrete memoryless channel (DMC). Burnashev, in a remarkable paper published in 1976, derived an asymptotically achievable lower bound to the average blocklength needed for a system that communicates at a specified rate and achieves a given error probability. We offer an alternative proof of the lower bound. Our proof is simpler than the original, and clarifies the roles of the quantites that appear in the bound by relating one to uncertainty reduction and the other to binary hypothesis testing. In addition, our derivation of the lower bound closely parallels a derivation of an upper bound by Yamamoto and Itoh.
Signifikansi Brain Based Learning Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

This study based on the reality of learning in the early childhood level and the system has not noticed the potential of the brain learners. The potential and the working system of the brain is very important in early childhood. This paper aims to reveal the importance of brain-based learning in Early Childhood Education (ECD). The problem in this study are what the nature of early childhood education and how to use the potential and work system of the brain in early childhood learning. This study used library research. From the discussion showed that the brain-based learning was important for use in teaching and learning of young children. One of aplication, brain-based learning use quantum learning by optimizing learning with active learning strategies so that potential students can be optimized. This research had contribution to brain based learning Abstrak Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas masih adanya pembelajaran di jenjang PAUD yang belum memperhatikan potensi dan system kerja otak peserta didik. Padahal potensi dan system kerja otak sangat penting dalam pembalajaran di PAUD. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pentingnya brain based learning pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Rumusan masalah pada kajian ini adalah seperti apa hakikat Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan bagaimana penggunaan potensi dan system kerja otak dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research Dari hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa brain based learning penting untuk digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar anak usia dini. Salah satu pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis otak ini dapat menggunakan pembelajaran quantum dengan mengoptimalkan pembelajaran dengan strategi pembelajaran aktif sehingga potensi anak didik dapat dioptimalkan. Penelitian ini memiliki kontribusi pada pembelajaran berbasis otak.
Evaluation of Topic Identification Methods on Arabic Corpora

Topic Identification is one of the important keys for the success of many applications. Indeed, there are few works in this field concerning Arabic language because of lack of standard corpora. In this study, we will provide directly comparable results of six text categorization methods on a new Arabic corpus Alwatan-2004. Hence, Topic Unigram Language Model (TULM), Term Frequency/Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF), Neural Network, SVM, M-SVM and TR have been experimented, and showed that TR-Classifier is the most efficient among the set of classifiers, nevertheless, only binary SVM outperformed it thanks to its characteristics. Moreover, we should note that the size of Alwatan-2004 corpus used to achieve our experiments is considered the most important compared to any other Arabic corpus which had been used for topic identification experiments until now. In addition, we aim through using small sizes of vocabularies to reduce the time of computation. This is important for adaptive language modeling, particularly Topic Adaptation, which is required in real time applications such as speech recognition and machine translation systems. Our experiments indicate that the results are better than other works dealing with Arabic text categorization.
A Systematic Review of the Economic and Humanistic Burden of Illness in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Constipation

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation (CC) are common functional gastrointestinal disorders affecting 14% and 20% of the U.S. population, respectively. Reviews of the evidence on the burden of illness associated with IBS and CC have not been comprehensive in scope and have not provided an assessment of the distribution of health care costs across categories of resource use. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify studies from any geographic region or country perspective that measure the economic burden of the disease; (b) analyze the direct (medical, drug, and other components) and indirect costs of illness; and (c) assess published evidence of the humanistic burden as measured by quality of life (QOL). METHODS: An electronic literature search was conducted using journal databases, including MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EconLit, CINAHL, and Digestive Disease Week meeting abstracts. Specific search terms used were “irritable bowel syndrome” and “chronic constipation. ” In databases that accommodated Boolean searches, terms related to economic and quality of life outcomes were incorporated. Studies were included if they evaluated patients with an IBS or CC diagnosis and quantitatively measured the economic or humanistic burden of disease. Results were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: The search identified a total of 882 unique publications. Thirty-five articles and abstracts met the inclusion criteria. Studies included 1,706 IBS-C, 2,264 IBS-D, 2,892 IBS-A, 15,830 IBS unclassified, and 1,278 CC patients. Nineteen of 35 studies assessed cost-of-illness endpoints, and from the U.S. perspective, the direct cost per-patient for IBS ranged from $1,562 to $7,547 per year, while direct costs of CC ranged from $1,912 to $7,522 per year. From the U.S. perspective, the indirect costs of IBS ranged from $791 to $7,737 per year, and no study assessed the indirect costs of CC. For IBS, data on the distribution of costs attributable to categories of resource use varied widely, particularly outpatient costs (12.7% to greater than 50% of total costs), inpatient costs (6.2% to 40.8%), and pharmacy or drug costs (5.9% to 46.6%). Comparable data on CC were not identified. Nineteen studies of IBS patients measured the humanistic burden of disease; 14 studies utilized SF-36; and within-study domain scores were significantly lower in IBS patients compared with non-IBS controls. Only 1 study of CC patients reported humanistic burden of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The studies identified in the systematic review varied in the method used to identify patients with IBS and CC. Results were not typically reported by IBS subtype. We observed a large variation in attributable direct and indirect costs and drivers of these costs. Future research should refine burden of illness estimates to subtypes so that estimates associated with IBS-C and CC are differentiated.
The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study

Background and Objective Both distractions (external and internal) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are serious risk factors for traffic crashes and injuries. However, it is still unknown if ADHD (a chronic condition) modifies the effect of distractions (irregular hazards) on traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of distractions and ADHD on traffic crash responsibility. Methods A responsibility case-control study was conducted in the adult emergency department of Bordeaux University Hospital, France. Subjects were recruited among drivers injured in a motor vehicle crash between April 2010 and August 2011. Responsibility levels were estimated using a standardized method. Frequencies of exposures were compared between drivers responsible and drivers not responsible for the crash. Independent risk factors were identified using a multivariate logistic regression including test interactions between distractions and ADHD. Results A total of 777 subjects were included in the analysis. Factors associated with responsibility were distraction induced by an external event (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.06–2.05]), distraction induced by an internal thought (aOR = 2.38; CI: [1.50–3.77]) and ADHD (aOR = 2.18 CI: [1.22–3.88]). The combined effect of ADHD and external distractions was strongly associated with responsibility for the crash (aOR = 5.79 CI: [2.06–16.32]). Interaction assessment showed that the attributable proportion due to the interaction among participants with both exposures was 68%. Discussion Adults with ADHD are a population at higher risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash when exposed to external distractions. This result reinforces the need to diagnose adult ADHD and to include road safety awareness messages delivered by the physician. Developing advanced driver assistance systems devoted to the management of attention lapses is also increasingly relevant for these drivers.
Trends in JPBI Publications, 1999–2016

The field of positive behavior support (PBS) has expanded and evolved significantly since the first issue of Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions (JPBI) was published. To ascertain how evolution of the field was reflected in the research, we examined trends in empirical studies published in JPBI since its inception. We coded 217 articles published between 1999 and 2016 that included data-based assessment or data-based intervention practices for key variables pertinent to potential trends in PBS. Analyses revealed increases across the publication period in studies that (a) included participants at risk for behavioral difficulties, (b) implemented interventions in general education settings, (c) utilized clinicians/experimenters as intervention agents, and (d) focused on adult skills as the intervention target. Findings are discussed in the context of the expansion of school-wide positive behavior interventions and support.