Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Massless collective excitations in frustrated multiband superconductors

We study collective excitations in three- and four-band superconductors with inter-band frustration, which causes neither 0 nor $\pi$ inter-band phases in the superconducting state. Using a low-energy spin-Hamiltonian originating from a multi-band tight-binding model, we find that a massless Leggett mode occurs in a wide parameter region of this four-band system. This massless mode is related to the fact that the mean-field energy does not depend on a continuous superconducting phase. In other words, we find a link of the massless mode with a degeneracy between a time-reversal-symmetry-breaking state (neither 0 nor $\pi$ phases) and a time-reversal-symmetric state (either 0 or $\pi$ phases). Therefore, the mass of this collective mode characterizes well the time-reversal symmetry in frustrated multi-band superconductors.
Evidence of perturbed germinal center dynamics, but preserved antibody diversity, in end‐stage renal disease

End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased infectious susceptibility and with reduced vaccine responses consistent with compromised humoral immunity. Whether the compromised humoral immunity is due to reduced antibody diversity (reduced somatic hypermutation [SHM]) or altered germinal center (GC) dynamics is not known. The GC‐derived chemokine CXCL13 as well as peripheral T follicular helper cells (pTFH) reflect GC dynamics, but have, similar to SHM, never been characterized in relation to ESRD.
Left ventricular structure and remodeling in patients with COPD

Background Data on cardiac alterations such as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and lower stroke volume in patients with COPD are discordant. In this study, we investigated whether early structural and functional cardiac changes occur in patients with COPD devoid of manifest cardiovascular disease, and we assessed their associations with clinical and functional features. Methods Forty-nine patients with COPD belonging to all Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classes were enrolled and compared with 36 controls. All subjects underwent clinical history assessment, lung function testing, blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography, and conventional and Doppler tissue echocardiography. Patients were also subjected to computed tomography to quantify emphysema score. Results Patients with COPD had lower LV cavity associated with a marked increase in relative wall thickness (RWT), suggesting concentric remodeling without significant changes in LV mass. RWT was significantly associated with ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second to the forced vital capacity and emphysema score and was the only cardiac parameter that – after multivariate analysis – significantly correlated with COPD conditions in all individuals. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that RWT (with a cutoff point of 0.42) predicted the severity of COPD with 83% specificity and 56% sensitivity (area under the curve =0.69, 95% confidence interval =0.59–0.81). Patients with COPD showed right ventricular to be functional but no structural changes. Conclusion Patients with COPD without evident cardiovascular disease exhibit significant changes in LV geometry, resulting in concentric remodeling. In all individuals, RWT was significantly and independently related to COPD. However, its prognostic role should be determined in future studies.
Show Me the Right Stuff: Signals for High‐Tech Startups

We present a theoretical model of startup signaling with multiple signals and potential differences in external investor preferences. For a novel sample of technology incubator startups, we empirically examine the use of patents and founder, friends, and family (FFF) money as such signals, finding that they are jointly endogenous to venture capital and business angel investment in the startups. For this sample, venture capitalists appear to value patents more highly than FFF money, while the reverse is true for business angels. Moreover, the impact of patents on venture capitalists is larger than the impact of FFF money on business angels.
Mutational origin of Machado-Joseph disease in the Australian Aboriginal communities of Groote Eylandt and Yirrkala.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the presence of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD, also spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 [SCA3]) among Australian aborigines was caused by a new mutational event or by the introduction of expanded alleles from other populations. DESIGN We sequenced a region of 4 kilobases (kb), encompassing the CAG repeat within the ATXN3 gene, in 2 affected Australian aboriginal families and compared them with the Joseph and Machado lineages described before. Full-extended haplotypes (including also more distant single-nucleotide polymorphisms and flanking short tandem repeats) were assessed by segregation and allele-specific amplification. A phylogenetic tree was inferred from genetic distances, and age of the Australasian Joseph-derived lineage was estimated. SETTING The aboriginal communities of Groote Eylandt and Yirrkala, in the Northern Territories, Australia (local ethics institutional permission was granted, and both community and individual informed consent was obtained). SUBJECTS A convenience sample of 19 patients and unaffected relatives, from 2 Australian aboriginal families affected with MJD; 40 families with MJD of multiethnic origins and 50 unrelated Asian control subjects. RESULTS The 2 aboriginal families shared the same full haplotype, including 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms:TTGATCGAGC-(CAG)(Exp)-CACCCAGCGC, that is, the Joseph lineage with a G variant in rs56268847.Among 33 families with the Joseph lineage, this derived haplotype was found only in 5 of 16 Taiwanese, all 3 Indian,and 1 of 3 Japanese families analyzed. CONCLUSION A related-extended MJD haplotype shared by Australian aborigines and some Asian families (a Joseph-derived lineage) suggests a common ancestor for all, dating back more than 7000 years.
Alternating Epistemic Mu-Calculus

Alternating-time temporal logic (ATL) is a well-known logic for reasoning about strategic abilities of agents. An important feature that distinguishes variants of ATL for imperfect information scenarios is that the standard fixed point characterizations of temporal modalities do not hold anymore. In this paper, we show that adding explicit fixed point operators to the "next-time" fragment of ATL already allows to capture abilities that could not be expressed in ATL. We also illustrate that the new language allows to specify important kinds of abilities, namely ones where the agents can always recompute their strategy while executing it. Thus, the agents are not assumed to remember their strategy by definition, like in the existing variants of ATL. Last but not least, we show that verification of such abilities can be cheaper than for all the variants of "ATL with imperfect information" considered so far.
The mediating role of authenticity on mindfulness and wellbeing: a cross cultural analysis

ABSTRACT Both mindfulness and authenticity have been found to positively affect psychological well-being. The current study investigated the relationships between an interesting mix of eastern and western phenomena including mindfulness, authenticity and psychological well-being and considered the cultural diversities in measures of these variables. Participants (N = 165) completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Authenticity Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. Findings demonstrated that authenticity acts as a partial mediator for the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. Authenticity remained a partial mediator in the White British sample but acted as a complete mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and well-being in the Chinese sample. We make several suggestions for therapeutic approaches that focus on authenticity and support a previous claim that person-centred psychotherapy can be considered a form of mindful therapy.
Biholomorphic maps between Teichmüller spaces

In this paper we study biholomorphic maps between Teichmuller spaces and the induced linear isometries between the corresponding tangent spaces. The first main result in this paper is the following classification theorem. If M and N are two Riemann surfaces that are not of exceptional type, and if there exists a biholomorphic map between the corresponding Teichmuller spaces Teich(M) and Teich(N), then M and N are quasiconformally related. Also, every such biholomorphic map is geometric. In particular, we have that every automorphism of the Teichmuller space Teich(M) must be geometric. This result generalizes the previously known results (see [2], [5], [7]) and enables us to prove the well-known conjecture that states that the group of automorphisms of Teich(M) is isomorphic to the mapping class group of M whenever the surface M is not of exceptional type. In order to prove the above results, we develop a method for studying linear isometries between L^1-type spaces. Our focus is on studying linear isometries between Banach spaces of integrable holomorphic quadratic differentials, which are supported on Riemann surfaces. Our main result in this direction (Theorem 1.1) states that if M and N are Riemann surfaces of nonexceptional type, then every linear isometry between A^1(M) and A^1(N) is geometric. That is, every such isometry is induced by a conformal map between M and N.
Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance via Altered Hepatic Gene Expression for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lipid and Ceramide Synthesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

To identify differentially expressed hepatic genes contributing to the improvement of high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance following supplementation of partially defatted flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour (ChrSd), diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were fed HF diets containing either ChrSd or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control) for 5 weeks. The 2-h insulin area under the curve was significantly lowered by ChrSd, indicating that ChrSd improved insulin sensitivity. ChrSd intake also significantly reduced body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid content, and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, despite a significant increase in food intake. Exon microarray analysis of hepatic gene expression revealed down-regulation of genes related to triglyceride and ceramide synthesis, immune response, oxidative stress, and inflammation and upregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol, and bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, the effects of ChrSd supplementation in a HF diet on weight gain, insulin resistance, and progression of hepatic steatosis in DIO mice were associated with modulation of hepatic genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, ceramide synthesis, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation by Soufriere Hills Volcanic Ash Immersed in Water Droplets

Fine particles of ash emitted during volcanic eruptions may sporadically influence cloud properties on a regional or global scale as well as influencing the dynamics of volcanic clouds and the subsequent dispersion of volcanic aerosol and gases. It has been shown that volcanic ash can trigger ice nucleation, but ash from relatively few volcanoes has been studied for its ice nucleating ability. In this study we quantify the efficiency with which ash from the Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat nucleates ice when immersed in supercooled water droplets. Using an ash sample from the 11th February 2010 eruption, we report ice nucleating efficiencies from 246 to 265 K. This wide range of temperatures was achieved using two separate droplet freezing instruments, one employing nanolitre droplets, the other using microlitre droplets. Soufriere Hills volcanic ash was significantly more efficient than all other ash samples that have been previously examined. At present the reasons for these differences are not understood, but may be related to mineralogy, amorphous content and surface chemistry.
Division of Economics Stirling Management School the Trade-off between Fertility and Education: Evidence from before the Demographic Transition the Trade-off between Fertility and Education: Evidence from before the Demographic Transition

The trade-off between child quantity and education is a crucial ingredient of unified growth models that explain the transition from Malthusian stagnation to modern growth. We present first evidence that such a trade-off indeed existed before the demographic transition, exploiting a unique census-based dataset of 334 Prussian counties in 1849. Estimating two separate instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by previous-generation fertility and sex-imbalance ratio, we find that causation between fertility and education runs both ways. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905.
Confined diffusion of transmembrane proteins and lipids induced by the same actin meshwork lining the plasma membrane

Ultraspeed single-molecule tracking with <25-μs resolution and electron tomography show that transmembrane proteins and phospholipids in the plasma membrane hop among submicrometer compartments of the same size, probably delimited by the anchored-transmembrane-protein pickets lining the actin-based membrane-skeleton fence, once every 1–58 ms.
Investigating emotions and mood induction procedure methodology in individuals with eating difficulties

A concise and factual abstract is required (not exceeding 200 words). This should be typed on a separate page following the title page. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Graphical abstract Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See http://www.elsevier. com/graphicalabstracts for examples. Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements: Illustration Service. Highlights Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See http://www.elsevier. com/highlights for examples.
Architecture Support for Defending Against Buffer Overflow Attacks

Buffer overflow attacks are the predominant threat to the secure operation of network and Internet-based com­ puting. Stack smashing is a common mode of buffer overflow attack for hijacking system control. It is performed by overflowing a stack-allocated buffer in order to overwrite a return address with the address of a malicious piece of code. This paper evaluates two architecture-based techniques to defend systems against such attacks: (1) the split control and data stack, and (2) secure return address stack (SRAS). The split stack approach separates control and data stack to prevent the function return address from being overwritten. It can be both implemented with compiler support or with architectural support. We implemented the compiler-based approach by modifying gcc compiler. Results show that it is effective in protecting real applications with slight performance overhead (2% for ftp server). The architecture-based split stack approach can eliminate the performance overhead and requires changes in the instruction set. The SRAS approach, instead detects an attack when a return instruction is being retired and requires no ISA changes or recompilation. It has been implemented in the SimpleScalar processor simulator. Simulation results show that the max overhead is 0.02% with a SRAS size of 64 entries for SPECINT *2000 benchmarks.
Performance evaluation of statistical measures for image fusion in spatial domain

Image fusion is the technique of combining useful information gathered from different visual sensors to present substantial image information. The fused image contains better information than any single source image. The statistical measures are used as quality gauge to identify the importance of the image or sub image. In general most of the images are affected by Gaussian noise. Statistical measures like uniformity and smoothness identify irregularities in the images in turn identify the sub images having less noise. Hence, uniformity and smoothness are explored in spatial domain for image fusion. All the superior quality sub images of the different source images are selected and combined to get the fused image. Quality assessment metrics are used to evaluate performance of the image fusion. The results indicate superiority of the smoothness measure in spatial domain than other measures for image fusion.
Using Information and Communication Technology in Home Care for Communication between Patients, Family Members, and Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review

Introduction. Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare both for delivering and giving accessibility to healthcare for people with chronic illness living at home. Aim. The aim was to review existing studies describing the use of ICT in home care for communication between patients, family members, and healthcare professionals. Methods. A review of studies was conducted that identified 1,276 studies. A selection process and quality appraisal were conducted, which finally resulted in 107 studies. Results. The general results offer an overview of characteristics of studies describing the use of ICT applications in home care and are summarized in areas including study approach, quality appraisal, publications data, terminology used for defining the technology, and disease diagnosis. The specific results describe how communication with ICT was performed in home care and the benefits and drawbacks with the use of ICT. Results were predominated by positive responses in the use of ICT. Conclusion. The use of ICT applications in home care is an expanding research area, with a variety of ICT tools used that could increase accessibility to home care. Using ICT can lead to people living with chronic illnesses gaining control of their illness that promotes self-care.
Monodeiodination of thyroxine in the maternal and fetal dog kidneys and placenta.

We studied the monodeiodinating activities of the dog placenta and the pregnant dog kidney and compared them with those of the non-pregnant dog kidney and fetal kidney. Each tissue was homogenized in 50 mM Tris/HC1 buffer, pH 7.5. The homogenate (1 mg protein) was incubated with 1 microgram of T4 at 37 degrees C in the air for 15 min or 60 min in the presence of 5 mM DTT. The T3 and reverse T3 generated in the reaction mixture were extracted into cold ethanol and then measured by RIA. Sulfhydryl group content in each tissue was determined. The characteristics of monodeiodinating activity of the dog placenta were in good concordance with those of the rat and human placentas. Net reverse T3 production in the dog placenta was 1.4-13.2 (6.1 +/- 5.3, mean +/- S.D.) ng/mg protein/micrograms T4/60 min but net T3 production was negligible. Although it seemed that the T3 production/reverse T3 production ratio in the pregnant dog kidney was lower than that in the non-pregnant dog kidney, there was no statistical significance. It is conceivable that the characteristics of deiodination in the placenta are tissue specific, independent of the changes in internal conditions induced by pregnancy. In the fetal dog kidney homogenate, T3 and reverse T3 were metabolized only minimally and productions of T3 and reverse T3 were also very low. An increase in DTT concentration up to 100 mM had no effect on the production rates of these triiodothyronines . Total and non-protein SH group contents in the fetal dog kidney homogenate were about the half of those in the maternal tissue. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brown-Peterson spectra in stable A^1-homotopy theory

We characterize ring spectra morphisms from the algebraic cobordism spectrum $\QTR{Bbb}{MGL}$ (\QCITE{cite}{}{Vo1}) to an oriented spectrum $\QTR{Bbb}{E}$ (in the sense of Morel \QCITE{cite}{}{Mo}) via formal group laws on the ''topological'' subring $E^{*}=\oplus_iE^{2i,i}$ of $E^{**}$. This result is then used to construct for any prime $p$ a motivic Quillen idempotent on $\QTR{Bbb}{MGL}_{(p)}$. This defines the $BP$-spectrum associated to the prime $p$ as in Quillen's \QCITE{cite}{}{Q1} for the complex-oriented topological case.
On Eigenvalue Optimization

In this paper we study optimization problems involving eigenvalues of symmetric matrices. One of the difficulties with numerical analysis of such problems is that the eigenvalues, considered as functions of a symmetric matrix, are not differentiable at those points where they coalesce. We present a general framework for a smooth (differentiable) approach to such problems. It is based on the concept of transversality borrowed from differential geometry. In that framework we discuss first- and second-order optimality conditions and rates of convergence of the corresponding second-order algorithms. Finally we present some results on the sensitivity analysis of such problems.
Can an android persuade you?

The first robotic copies of real humans have become available. They enable their users to be physically present in multiple locations at the same time. This study investigates what influence the embodiment of an agent has on its persuasiveness and its perceived personality. Is a robotic copy as persuasive as its human counterpart? Does it have the same personality? We performed an experiment in which the embodiment of the agent was the independent variable and the persuasiveness and perceived personality were the dependent measurement. The persuasive agent advertised a Bluetooth headset. The results show that an android is found to be as persuasive as a real human or a video recording of a real human. The personality of the participant had a considerable influence on the measurements. Participants that were more open to new experiences rated the persuasive agent lower on agreeableness and extroversion. They were also more willing to spend money on the advertised product.
Oracle inequalities for cross-validation type procedures

We prove oracle inequalities for three different types of adap- tation procedures inspired by cross-validation and aggregation. These pro- cedures are then applied to the construction of Lasso estimators and aggre- gation with exponential weights with data-driven regularization and tem- perature parameters, respectively. We also prove oracle inequalities for the cross-validation procedure itself under some convexity assumptions. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62G99.