Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scene Classification Using Spatial Pyramid of Latent Topics

We propose a scene classification method, which combines two popular methods in the literature: Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) and probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA) modeling. The proposed scheme called Cascaded pLSA performs pLSA in a hierarchical sense after the soft-weighted BoW representation based on dense local features is extracted. We associate spatial layout information by dividing each image into overlapping regions iteratively at different resolution levels and implementing a pLSA model for each region individually. Finally, an image is represented by concatenated topic distributions of each region. In performance evaluation, we compare the proposed method with the most successful methods in the literature, using the popular 15-class-dataset. In the experiments, it is seen that our method slightly outperforms the others in that particular dataset.
Generational difference of refractive error in the baseline study of the Beijing Myopia Progression Study

Aims To report the refractive error difference (RED) between parents and their children and the estimated single generational myopic shift in an urban area in China. Methods 395 children aged 6–17 years and their parents, who had been enrolled in the Beijing Myopia Progression Study were included. Cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refraction of the children and parents were performed, respectively. RED was defined as the difference between the average parental spherical equivalent (SE) and the average SE of their children. Binomial fitted curves of RED were plotted as a function of the children's age. Generational myopic shift was defined as the estimated RED according to the prediction model at the age of 18 years. Results 395 families were enrolled. The RED was positively correlated with the children's age (rspearman=0.58, p<0.001). The RED (median (25th and 75th percentile)) was −1.88 (−3.23 to −1.00) dioptres (D) in children at 6.0–7.9 years of age, and it increased to 1.53 (−0.12 to 3.44) D in children at 16.0–17.9 years of age. The SE of the children approached the average SE of their parents at the age of 11 years. At the age of 18 years, the children's estimated myopic shift would be 1.94 D. Conclusions In this sample, children's refractive errors at the age of 11 years were already similar to their parents. Moreover, the estimated myopia in children at the age of 18 years would be up to 2.0 D higher than their parents. This remarkable single-generation myopic shift indicates that there are likely effects of environmental factors on myopia development in urban Chinese children.
Predictors of online health information seeking behavior: Changes between 2002 and 2012

The Internet has become an important and preferred source of health information. Although the literature has highlighted several key predictors that influence an individual’s online health information seeking behavior, insufficient attention has been paid to the changes in the predictors’ roles and effects over time. This study explores and compares the effects that specific predictors had on online health information seeking behavior over a period of 10 years by integrating and analyzing two Pew datasets collected in 2002 and 2012. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that socio-demographic factors and overall health condition are significant predictors that had an increasing impact on online health information seeking behavior. However, the impact of Internet usage decreased significantly from 2002 to 2012. A comparison across time contributes to a vertical understanding of the changes in online health information seeking behavior and its predictors and helps health professionals and researchers tailor their informational interventions to meet the up-to-date needs and preferences of users.
BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS V IADATA M INING : PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SEVEN DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS

According to World HealthOrganization (WHO), breast cancer is the top cancer in women both in the developed and the developing world. Increased life expectancy, urbanization and adoption of western lifestyles trigger the occurrence of breast cancer in the developing world. Most ca ncer events are diagnosed in the late phases of the illness and so, early detection in order to improve breast cancer outcome and survival is very crucial. In this study, it is intended to contribute to the early diagnosis of breast cancer. An analysis onbreast cancer diagnoses for the patients is given. For the purpose, first of all, data about the patients whose cancers’ have already been diagnosed is gathered and they are arranged, and then whether the other patients are in trouble with breast cancer ito be predicted under cover of those data. Predictions of the other patients are realized through seven different algorithms and the accuracies of those have been given. The data about the patients have been taken from UCI Machine Learning Reposito ry thanks to Dr. William H. Wolberg from the University of Wisconsin Hospitals, Madison. During the prediction process, RapidMiner 5.0 data mining tool is used to apply data mining with the desired algorithms.
Energy exchange and localization in essentially nonlinear oscillatory systems: canonical formalism

Over recent years, a lot of progress has been achieved in understanding of the relationship between localization and transport of energy in essentially nonlinear oscillatory systems. In this paper we are going to demonstrate that the structure of the resonance manifold can be conveniently described in terms of canonical action-angle variables. Such formalism has important theoretical advantages: all resonance manifolds may be described at the same level of complexity, appearance of additional conservation laws on these manifolds is easily proven both in autonomous and non-autonomous settings. The harmonic balance - based complexification approach, used in many previous studies on the subject, is shown to be a particular case of the canonical formalism. Moreover, application of the canonic averaging allows treatment of much broader variety of dynamical models. As an example, energy exchanges in systems of coupled trigonometrical and vibro-impact oscillators are considered.
An Implementation Framework for HPF Distributed Arrays on Message-Passing Parallel Computer Systems

Data parallel languages, like High Performance Fortran (HPF), support the notion of distributed arrays. However, the implementation of such distributed array structures and their access on message passing computers is not straightforward. This holds especially for distributed arrays that are aligned to each other and given a block-cyclic distribution. In this paper, an implementation framework is presented for HPF distributed arrays on message passing computers. Methods are presented for efficient (in space and time) local index enumeration, local storage, and communication. Techniques for local set enumeration provide the basis for constructing local iteration sets and communication sets. It is shown that both local set enumeration and local storage schemes can be derived from the same equation. Local set enumeration and local storage schemes are shown to be orthogonal, i.e., they can be freely combined. Moreover, for linear access sequences generated by our enumeration methods, the local address calculations can be moved out of the enumeration loop, yielding efficient local memory address generation. The local set enumeration methods are implemented by using a relatively simple general transformation rule for absorbing ownership tests. This transformation rule can be repeatedly applied to absorb multiple ownership tests. Performance figures are presented for local iteration overhead, a simple communication pattern, and storage efficiency.
Epidemiology of stress fracture and lower-extremity overuse injury in female recruits.

PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study was to examine rates and risk factors for overuse injuries among 824 women during Marine Corps Recruit Depot basic training at Parris Island, SC, in 1999. METHODS Data collected included training day exposures (TDE), baseline performance on a standardized 1.5-mile timed run, and a pretraining questionnaire highlighting exercise and health habits. The women were followed during training for occurrence of stress fracture and other lower-extremity overuse injury. RESULTS There were 868 lower-extremity overuse injuries for an overall injury rate of 12.6/1000 TDE. Rates for initial and subsequent injury were 8.7/1000 and 20.7/1000 TDE, respectively. There were 66 confirmed lower-extremity stress fractures among 56 (6.8%) women (1.0/1000 TDE). Logistic regression modeling indicated that low aerobic fitness (a slower time on the timed run (> 14.4 min)), no menses in six or more consecutive months during the past year, and less than 7 months of lower-extremity weight training were significantly associated with stress fracture incidence. Self-rated fair-poor fitness at baseline was the only variable significantly associated with other non-stress fracture overuse injury during basic training. CONCLUSIONS Among this sample of women, the risk of lower-extremity overuse injury was high, with a twofold risk of subsequent injury. The results suggest that stress fracture injury might be decreased if women entered training with high aerobic fitness and participated frequently in lower-extremity strength training. Furthermore, women reporting a history of menstrual irregularity at their initial medical exam may require closer observation during basic training.
Cost and cost-effectiveness of community-based care for tuberculosis patients in rural Uganda.

SETTING Kiboga district, a rural area in Central Uganda. OBJECTIVE To assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of community-based care for new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared with conventional hospital-based care. METHODS Costs were analysed from the perspective of health services, patients, and community volunteers in 1998 US$, using standard methods. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the cost per patient successfully treated. FINDINGS The cost per patient treated for new smear-positive patients was $510 with the conventional hospital-based approach to care ($419 for the health system and $91 for patients), and $289 with community-based care ($227 for health services, $53 for patients and $9 for volunteers). Important new costs associated with community-based care included programme supervision ($18 and $9 per patient at central and district levels, respectively) and training ($18 per patient). The cost per patient successfully treated was $911 with the hospital-based strategy and $391 with community-based care, reflecting both lower costs and higher effectiveness (74% vs. 56% successful treatment rate) with community-based care. Length of hospital stay fell from an average of 60 to 19 days. CONCLUSION There is a strong economic case for the implementation of community-based care in Uganda.
EX-VIVO GENE THERAPY USING LENTIVIRAL MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER INTO UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD DERIVED STEM CELLS

Background: Introduction of therapeutic genes into the injured site of nervous system can be achieved using transplantation of cellular vehicles containing desired gene. To transfer exogenous genes into the cellular vehicles, lentiviral vectors are one of interested vectors because of advantages such high transduction efficiency of dividing and non-dividing cells. Unrestricted somatic stem cells are subclasses of umbilical cord blood derived stem cells which are appreciate candidates to use as cellular vehicles for ex vivo gene therapy of nervous system. Objectives: In current study we investigated the effect of lentiviral vector transduction on the neuronal related features of unrestricted somatic stem cells to indicate the probable and unwanted changes related to transduction procedure. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, lentiviral vector containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were transduced into unrestricted somatic stem cells and its effect was investigated with using MTT assay, qPCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. For statistical comparison of real time PCR results, REST software (2009, Qiagen) was used. Results: Obtained results showed lentiviral vector transduction did not have cytotoxic effects on unrestricted somatic stem cells and did not change neuronal differentiation capacity of them as well the expression of some neuronal related genes and preserved them in multilineage situation. Conclusions: In conclusion, we suggested that lentiviral vectors could be proper vectors to transfer therapeutic gene into unrestricted somatic stem cells to provide a cellular vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy of nervous system disorders.
Relaxation in glassforming liquids and amorphous solids

The field of viscous liquid and glassy solid dynamics is reviewed by a process of posing the key questions that need to be answered, and then providing the best answers available to the authors and their advisors at this time. The subject is divided into four parts, three of them dealing with behavior in different domains of temperature with respect to the glass transition temperature, Tg , and a fourth dealing with ‘‘short time processes. ’’ The first part tackles the high temperature regime T.Tg ,i n which the system is ergodic and the evolution of the viscous liquid toward the condition at Tg is in focus. The second part deals with the regime T;Tg , where the system is nonergodic except for very long annealing times, hence has time-dependent properties ~aging and annealing! The third part discusses behavior when the system is completely frozen with respect to the primary relaxation process but in which secondary processes, particularly those responsible for ‘‘superionic’’ conductivity, and dopart mobility in amorphous silicon, remain active. In the fourth part we focus on the behavior of the system at the crossover between the low frequency vibrational components of the molecular motion and its high frequency relaxational components, paying particular attention to very recent developments in the short time dielectric response and the high Q mechanical response. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-8979~00! 02213-1#
A multiplex assay with 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms for human identification

A total of 52 SNPs reported to be polymorphic in European, Asian and African populations were selected. Of these, 42 were from the distal regions of each autosome (except chromosome 19). Nearly all selected SNPs were located at least 100 kb distant from known genes and commonly used STRs. We established a highly sensitive and reproducible SNP‐typing method with amplification of all 52 DNA fragments in one PCR reaction followed by detection of the SNPs with two single base extension reactions analysed using CE. The amplicons ranged from 59 to 115 bp in length. Complete SNP profiles were obtained from 500 pg DNA. The 52 loci were efficiently amplified from degraded samples where previously only partial STR profiles had been obtained. A total of 700 individuals from Denmark, Greenland, Somalia, Turkey, China, Germany, Taiwan, Thailand and Japan were typed, and the allele frequencies estimated. All 52 SNPs were polymorphic in the three major population groups. The mean match probability was at least 5.0×10−19 in the populations studied. Typical paternity indices ranged from 336 000 in Asians to 549 000 in Europeans. Details of the 52 SNP loci and population data generated in this work are freely available at http://www.snpforid. org.
Selection and Photometric Properties of K+A Galaxies

Two different simple measurements of galaxy star formation rate with different timescales are compared empirically on 156,395 fiber spectra of galaxies with r < 17.77 mag taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in the redshift range 0.05 < z < 0.20: a ratio A/K found by fitting a linear sum of an average old stellar population spectrum (K) and average A star spectrum (A) to the galaxy spectrum, and the equivalent width (EW) of the Hα emission line. The two measures are strongly correlated, but there is a small, clearly separated population of outliers from the median correlation that display excess A/K relative to Hα EW. These "K+A" (or "E+A") galaxies must have dramatically decreased their star formation rates over the last ~1 Gyr. The K+A luminosity distribution is similar to that of the total galaxy population. The K+A population appears to be bulge-dominated, but bluer and with higher surface brightness than normal bulge-dominated galaxies; it appears that K+A galaxies will fade with time into normal bulge-dominated galaxies. The inferred rate density for K+A galaxy formation is ~10-4 h3 Mpc-3 Gyr-1 at redshift z ~ 0.1. These events are taking place in the field; the K+A galaxies found in this study do not primarily lie in the high-density environments or clusters typical of bulge-dominated populations.
A fast heuristic approach for large‐scale cell‐transmission‐based evacuation route planning

The cell‐transmission‐model by Daganzo (1994) was introduced as a traffic simulation model. Its basic ideas were picked up recently to formulate optimization models for evacuation planning. These optimization models were capable of generating high quality evacuation plans, but computational effort and computational requirements, especially in dimensions of real‐world applications, were very high. To extend adaptability to much larger evacuation scenarios, a fast heuristic procedure will be presented. In a computational study, we will demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in several real‐world scenarios of different road network size, population distribution, and risk distribution, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Environmental Public Health Tracking of Childhood Asthma Using California Health Interview Survey, Traffic, and Outdoor Air Pollution Data

Background Despite extensive evidence that air pollution affects childhood asthma, state-level and national-level tracking of asthma outcomes in relation to air pollution is limited. Objectives Our goals were to evaluate the feasibility of linking the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), air monitoring, and traffic data; estimate associations between traffic density (TD) or outdoor air pollutant concentrations and childhood asthma morbidity; and evaluate the usefulness of such databases, linkages, and analyses to Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT). Methods We estimated TD within 500 feet of residential cross-streets of respondents and annual average pollutant concentrations based on monitoring station measurements. We used logistic regression to examine associations with reported asthma symptoms and emergency department (ED) visits/hospitalizations. Results Assignment of TD and air pollution exposures for cross-streets was successful for 82% of children with asthma in Los Angeles and San Diego, California, Counties. Children with asthma living in high ozone areas and areas with high concentrations of particulate matter < 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter experienced symptoms more frequently, and those living close to heavy traffic reported more ED visits/hospitalizations. The advantages of the CHIS for asthma EPHT include a large and representative sample, biennial data collection, and ascertainment of important socio-demographic and residential address information. Disadvantages are its cross-sectional design, reliance on parental reports of diagnoses and symptoms, and lack of information on some potential confounders. Conclusions Despite limitations, the CHIS provides a useful framework for examining air pollution and childhood asthma morbidity in support of EPHT, especially because later surveys address some noted gaps. We plan to employ CHIS 2003 and 2005 data and novel exposure assessment methods to re-examine the questions raised here.
The effect of imperfect CSI on the performance of random ad-hoc networks

The performance of Wireless Ad hoc Networks (WANETs) depends on the availability of Channel State Information (CSI) on all channels in the network. In this work we study the performance when each receiver has CSI only on the channel from its desired transmitter. We present a novel lower bound on the Ergodic Rate Density of a WANET with partial CSI. The novel bound is compared to a previously known bound and its superiority is demonstrated. We also use the novel bound to study the effect of CSI availability on the WANETs' performance. We show that for Rayleigh fading the CSI-gain of the bound can be up to 78%. But, if each network is optimized with respect to the active transmitter density, then the CSI gain of the bound is at most 13%. Simulation results show the practicality of the novel bound and the accuracy of the CSI-gain expressions.
The Mitotic Chromosome Binding Activity of the Papillomavirus E2 Protein Correlates with Interaction with the Cellular Chromosomal Protein, Brd4

ABSTRACT The papillomavirus transcriptional activator, E2, is involved in key functions of the viral life cycle. These include transcriptional regulation, viral DNA replication, and viral genome segregation. The transactivation domain of E2 is required for each of these functions. To identify the regions of the domain that mediate binding to mitotic chromosomes, a panel of mutations has been generated and their effect on various E2 functions has been analyzed. A structural model of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) E2 transactivation domain was generated based on its homology with the solved structure of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) domain. This model was used to identify distinct surfaces of the domain to be targeted by point mutation to further delineate the functional region of the transactivation domain responsible for mitotic chromosome association. The mutated E2 proteins were assessed for mitotic chromosome binding and, in addition, transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression activities. Mutation of amino acids R37 and I73, which are located on a surface of the domain that in HPV16 E2 is reported to mediate self-interaction, completely eliminated mitotic chromosome binding. Mitotic chromosome binding activity was found to correlate well with the ability to interact with the cellular chromosomal associated factor Brd4, which has recently been proposed to mediate the association between BPV1 E2 and mitotic chromosomes.