Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dyadic Interdependence of Attachment Security and Dependency: A Conceptual Replication Across Older Twin Pairs and Younger Couples

The dyadic interdependence of attachment security and dependency was conceptually replicated across 80 monozygotic and 47 dizygotic older twin pairs, and 214 younger heterosexual couples. Dyad members of each relationship type were similar in security and dependency. A substantial genetic contribution to dyadic attachment was indicated by higher similarity in MZ compared with DZ twins. Security and dependency were moderately correlated within individuals of each relationship type, but dyadic data analyses revealed relationship-specific patterns: The security of a dyad member correlated strongly with the dependency of the partner in both DZ pairs and couples, but not in MZ pairs. Whereas only actor effects were found in MZ twin pairs, actor and partner effects were observed in DZ pairs and couples. It is concluded that adult attachment should be generally viewed from a more dyadic perspective, one that also acknowledges relationship- specific variation.
A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting

In this paper we review the academic evidence on earnings management and its implications for accounting standard setters and regulators. We structure our review around questions likely to be of interest to standard setters. Specifically, we review the empirical evidence on which particular accruals are used to manage earnings, the magnitude and frequency of any earnings management, and whether earnings management affects resource allocation in the economy. Our review identifies a number of important opportunities for future research on earnings management.
Severe tactual as well as visual memory deficits follow combined removal of the amygdala and hippocampus in monkeys

To determine whether medial temporal limbic structures are essential for memory in more than one modality, we trained monkeys preoperatively on both visual and tactual versions of a sensory memory task and then retested them after they had been given bilateral ablations of either the amygdaloid complex, the hippocampal formation, or both. Monkeys with the combined ablations were severely impaired in both modalities. By contrast, the amygdalectomized monkeys were only moderately impaired in the two modalities, while the hippocampectomized monkeys were impaired in neither. Further examination revealed that the source of the impairment in the monkeys with amygdalectomy alone, unlike that in the animals with combined lesions, was the small size of the pool from which the test objects were drawn. The latter result suggests that, whereas the sensory memory impairment following the combined lesions is basically a recognition loss, the more selective impairment following amygdalectomy alone reflects special difficulty in determining whether a recognized object was presented recently. By demonstrating that the profound sensory memory impairment that follows combined ablation of the amygdala and hippocampus extends beyond a single modality, the present results strengthen the proposals that these two structures are important for sensory memory in all modalities and the multimodal or global amnesia observed in patients with medial temporal lobe damage is likewise due to combined amygdaloid and hippocampal lesions.
On linear-time deterministic algorithms for optimization problems in fixed dimension

We show that with recently developed derandomization techniques, one can convert Clarkson’s randomized algorithm for linear programming in fixed dimension into a linear-time deterministic algorithm. The constant of proportionality is dO Žd . , which is better than those for previously known algorithms. We show that the algorithm works in a fairly general abstract setting, which allows us to solve various other problems, e.g., computing the minimum-volume ellipsoid enclosing a set of n points and finding the maximum volume ellipsoid in the intersection of n halfspaces. Q 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
College student alcohol consumption, day of the week, and class schedule.

BACKGROUND For many college students, Friday class schedules may contribute to weekend-like drinking behaviors beginning on Thursday. This study characterizes college students' daily alcohol consumption patterns and the relation between Thursday drinking and Friday classes overall and for specific vulnerable groups. METHODS A sample of 3,341 volunteer participants was drawn from 3,713 eligible first-time undergraduates (56% female, 90% non-Hispanic white). Eligible participation rates ranged from 66.5 to 74.0% across follow-ups; 90% contributed data at for least one follow-up. Precollege survey and web-based surveys administered in the fall and spring semesters across 4 years of college were merged with student academic transcripts and university academic schedules at a large Midwestern public university. The main outcome measures included past 7-day self-reports of drinking behavior for each of 8 semesters. RESULTS Excessive drinking on Thursday, relative to other weekdays, was found and was moderated by Friday class schedule: hierarchical linear models indicated that students with no Friday classes drank approximately twice as much on Thursdays as students with early Friday classes (i.e., mean drinks=1.24 for students with early Friday class vs 2.41 for students with no Friday class). Students who had classes beginning at 12 pm. or later consumed similar amounts as those with no Friday classes (M=2.52). The magnitude of the Friday class effect was comparatively larger among males and among those who were members of the Greek system or participated in Greek activities. Ancillary analyses based on the subset of students who showed within-subject variability in Friday classes across semesters (i.e., had both early and late or no Friday classes) produced findings similar to those based on the entire sample. Little evidence was found for compensatory drinking on Friday and Saturday among those with early Friday classes. CONCLUSIONS Rates and amounts of alcohol consumption on Thursday are high, although they appear to be influenced by the presence and timing of Friday classes. Friday classes, especially those before 10 am, may reduce excessive drinking. Controlled institutional interventions are suggested to provide definitive research on the causal status of these ostensibly strong effects. This research provides a strong rationale for conducting such research.
Evaluation of the Edge Crack Torsion (ECT) Test for Mode III Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated Composites

An analytical and experimental investigation was carried out on G40-800/R6376 graphite/epoxy laminates to evaluate the edge crack torsion (ECT) test as a candidate for a standard Mode III interlaminar fracture toughness test for laminated composites. The ECT test consists of a [ 90 ∕ ( ± 45 ) 3 ∕ ( ∓ 45 ) 3 ∕ 90 ] s laminate with a delamination introduced by a non-adhesive film at the mid-plane along one edge and loaded in a special fixture to create torsion along the length of the laminate. Dye penetrant enhanced X-radiograph of failed specimens revealed that the delamination initiated at the middle of the specimen length and propagated in a self-similar manner along the laminate midplane. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed that indicated that a pure Mode III delamination exists at the middle of specimen length away from both ends. At the ends near the loading point a small Mode II component exists. However, the magnitude of this Mode II strain energy release rate at the loading point is small compared to the magnitude of Mode III component in the mid-section of the specimen. Hence, the ECT test yielded the desired Mode III delamination. The Mode III fracture toughness was obtained from a compliance calibration method that was in good agreement with the finite element results. Mode II end-notched flexure (ENF) tests and Mode I double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were also performed for the same composite material. The Mode I fracture toughness is much smaller than both the Mode II and Mode III fracture toughness. The Mode II fracture toughness is found to be 75% of the Mode III fracture toughness.
Understanding the Neural Basis of Amblyopia

Amblyopia is the condition in which reduced visual function exists despite full optical correction and an absence of observable ocular pathology. Investigation of the underlying neurology of this condition began in earnest around 40 years ago with the pioneering studies conducted by Hubel and Wiesel. Their early work on the impact of monocular deprivation and strabismus initiated what is now a rapidly developing field of cortical plasticity research. Although the monocular deprivation paradigm originated by Hubel and Wiesel remains a key experimental manipulation in studies of cortical plasticity, somewhat ironically, the neurology underlying the human conditions of strabismus and amblyopia that motivated this early work remains elusive. In this review, the authors combine contemporary research on plasticity and development with data from human and animal investigations of amblyopic populations to assess what is known and to reexamine some of the key assumptions about human amblyopia.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Hemodialysis Patients.

BACKGROUND It is well-known that cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality is increased in hemodialysis patients. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT), which reflects visceral adiposity, has been suggested as a new cardiometabolic risk factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate EFT in hemodialysis patients. METHODS A total of 144 consecutive patients (60 hemodialysis patients and 84 controls) were enrolled into the study, and patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were excluded. EFT was measured on the free wall of the right ventricle at end-diastole from the parasternal long-axis view by standard transthorasic 2D echocardiography. RESULTS The groups were similar in terms of sex distribution, age, blood pressure, heart rate and frequencies of CAD risk factors including smoking status, family history of CAD and hypertension. There were no significant differences between the hemodialysis patients and controls in 2D echocardiographic parameters, including ejection fraction and biochemical parameters except low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and c- reactive protein. Despite having lower body mass index, EFT levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the controls (8.0 ± 2.2 mm vs. 5.8 ± 1.9 mm; p < 0.01). In multivariate linear regression analysis we determined that hemodialysis patient status was found to be an independent predictor for both EFT (β = 0. 700, p = 0.014) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT, β = 0. 614, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Hemodialysis patients are independently associated with high EFT and CIMT.
Advanced imaging for detection and differentiation of colorectal neoplasia: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline

This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). It addresses the role of advanced endoscopic imaging for the detection and differentiation of colorectal neoplasia. Main recommendations 1 ESGE suggests the routine use of high definition white-light endoscopy systems for detecting colorectal neoplasia in average risk populations (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). 2 ESGE recommends the routine use of high definition systems and pancolonic conventional or virtual (narrow band imaging [NBI], i-SCAN) chromoendoscopy in patients with known or suspected Lynch syndrome (strong recommendation, low quality evidence). 2b ESGE recommends the routine use of high definition systems and pancolonic conventional or virtual (NBI) chromoendoscopy in patients with known or suspected serrated polyposis syndrome (strong recommendation, low quality evidence). 3 ESGE recommends the routine use of 0.1 % methylene blue or 0.1 % – 0.5 % indigo carmine pancolonic chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies for neoplasia surveillance in patients with long-standing colitis. In appropriately trained hands, in the situation of quiescent disease activity and adequate bowel preparation, nontargeted, four-quadrant biopsies can be abandoned (strong recommendation, high quality evidence). 4 ESGE suggests that virtual chromoendoscopy (NBI, FICE, i-SCAN) and conventional chromoendoscopy can be used, under strictly controlled conditions, for real-time optical diagnosis of diminutive (≤ 5 mm) colorectal polyps to replace histopathological diagnosis. The optical diagnosis has to be reported using validated scales, must be adequately photodocumented, and can be performed only by experienced endoscopists who are adequately trained and audited (weak recommendation, high quality evidence). 5 ESGE suggests the use of conventional or virtual (NBI) magnified chromoendoscopy to predict the risk of invasive cancer and deep submucosal invasion in lesions such as those with a depressed component (0-IIc according to the Paris classification) or nongranular or mixed-type laterally spreading tumors (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). Conclusion Advanced imaging techniques will need to be applied in specific patient groups in routine clinical practice and to be taught in endoscopic training programs.
The Thermomechanics of Plasticity and Fracture

Preface Historical perspective Notation 1. Introduction to plasticity: experimental facts 2. Thermomechanics of elastoviscoplastic continua 3. Small-strain elastoplasticity 4. Problems in perfect elastoplasticity 5. Elastoplasticity with strain-hardening 6. Elements of limit analysis 7. Crack propagation and fracture mechanics 8. Elastoplasticity with finite strains 9. Homogenization of elastoplastic composites 10. Coupling between plasticity and damage 11. Numerical solution of plasticity problems 12. Experimental study using infrared thermography Appendices Further reading Bibliography Index.
Bilirubin: An Endogenous Product of Heme Degradation with Both Cytotoxic and Cytoprotective Properties

Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole that is formed during the process of heme degradation. Heme is released from a series of hemeproteins, including hemoglobin and cytochrome P450, and metabolized by heme oxygenase to form carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron. Biliverdin is subsequently
Adsorbents: Fundamentals and Applications

Preface. 1. Introductory Remarks. 2. Fundamental Factors for Designing Adsorbent. 3. Sorbent Selection: Equilibrium Isotherms, Diffusion, Cyclic Processes, and Sorbent Selection Criteria. 4. Pore Size Distribution. 5. Activated Carbon. 6. Silica Gel, MCM, and Activated Alumina. 7. Zeolites and Molecular Sieves. 8. &pi -Complexation Sorbents and Applications. 9. Carbon Nanotubes, Pillared Clays, and Polymeric Resins. 10. Sorbents for Applications. Author Index. Subject Index.
Population scale mapping of transposable element diversity reveals links to gene regulation and epigenomic variation

Variation in the presence or absence of transposable elements (TEs) is a major source of genetic variation between individuals. Here, we identified 23,095 TE presence/absence variants between 216 Arabidopsis accessions. Most TE variants were rare, and we find a burden of rare variants associated with local extremes of gene expression and DNA methylation levels within the population. Of the common alleles identified, two thirds were not in linkage disequilibrium with nearby SNPs, implicating these variants as a source of novel genetic diversity. Nearly 200 common TE variants were associated with significantly altered expression of nearby genes, and a major fraction of inter-accession DNA methylation differences were associated with nearby TE insertions. Overall, this demonstrates that TE variants are a rich source of genetic diversity that likely plays an important role in facilitating epigenomic and transcriptional differences between individuals, and indicates a strong genetic basis for epigenetic variation.
MonoTrans2: a new human computation system to support monolingual translation

In this paper, we present MonoTrans2, a new user interface to support monolingual translation; that is, translation by people who speak only the source or target language, but not both. Compared to previous systems, MonoTrans2 supports multiple edits in parallel, and shorter tasks with less translation context. In an experiment translating children's books, we show that MonoTrans2 is able to substantially close the gap between machine translation and human bilingual translations. The percentage of sentences rated 5 out of 5 for fluency and adequacy by both bilingual evaluators in our study increased from 10% for Google Translate output to 68% for MonoTrans2.
Residual C-peptide in patients with Type 1 diabetes and multiethnic backgrounds

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum C-peptide in 88 patients from a multiethnic population with Type-1 diabetes and variable disease durations. METHOD: Eighty-eight patients with a mean disease duration of 8.1±7.6 years were included and underwent C-peptide measurement before and after glucagon stimulation. Chi-squared and Mann Whitney U-tests were used to compare the variables between groups (all two-tailed, α = 0.05). Spearmańs correlation coefficient was used to test the association between the continuous variables. Logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis. Twenty-eight (31.8%) individuals had significantly detectable C-peptide levels after stimuli, particularly those with a shorter disease duration (p<0.001). RESULTS: Patients with detectable C-peptide levels required lower insulin doses (p<0.009) and had similar HbA1C results (p = 0.182) and fewer chronic complications (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: C-peptide detection was common in Type-1 diabetics, particularly shortly after being diagnosed. This result may have clinical implications.
Exploiting the Performance of 32 bit Floating Point Arithmetic in Obtaining 64 bit Accuracy (Revisiting Iterative Refinement for Linear Systems)

Recent versions of microprocessors exhibit performance characteristics for 32 bit floating point arithmetic (single precision) that is substantially higher than 64 bit floating point arithmetic (double precision). Examples include the Intel's Pentium IV and M processors, AMD's Opteron architectures and the IBM's Cell Broad Engine processor. When working in single precision, floating point operations can be performed up to two times faster on the Pentium and up to ten times faster on the Cell over double precision. The performance enhancements in these architectures are derived by accessing extensions to the basic architecture, such as SSE2 in the case of the Pentium and the vector functions on the IBM Cell. The motivation for this paper is to exploit single precision operations whenever possible and resort to double precision at critical stages while attempting to provide the full double precision results. The results described here are fairly general and can be applied to various problems in linear algebra such as solving large sparse systems, using direct or iterative methods and some eigenvalue problems. There are limitations to the success of this process, such as when the conditioning of the problem exceeds the reciprocal of the accuracy of the single precision computations. In that case the double precision algorithm should be used
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN CAUCASIAN PATIENTS WITH LONGSTANDING CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY

Purpose: To report the frequency of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Caucasian patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: Retrospective consecutive series of 272 eyes (136 patients) who were diagnosed as having chronic CSC based on clinical and multimodal fundus imaging findings and documented disease activity for at least 6 months. The CNVs were mainly determined by indocyanine-green angiography. Results: Patients were evaluated and followed for a maximum of 6 years, with an average follow-up of 14 ± 12 months. Distinct CNV was identified in 41 eyes (34 patients). Based on fluorescein angiography, 37 eyes showed occult with no classic CNV, 3 eyes showed predominantly classic and 1 eye had a disciform CNV. Furthermore, indocyanine-green angiography revealed polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy lesions, in 27 of the 37 eyes, classified as occult CNV on fluorescein angiography. In total, 17.6% of our patients with chronic CSC were found to have CNV that upon indocyanine-green angiography were recognized as being polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Conclusion: In our series of Caucasian patients, we found a significant correlation between chronic CSC and CNV, in which the majority of patients with CNV were found to have polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Our findings suggest that indocyanine-green angiography is an indispensable tool in the investigation of chronic CSC.
Hyperplastic growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following induction of acute hypertension in rats by aortic coarctation.

This study examines the growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following induction of acute hypertension in rats by partial ligation of the abdominal aorta between the renal arteries. Systolic blood pressures proximal to the ligature increased dramatically within 3 days (from 135 +/- 3 to 195 +/- 7 torr) of surgery while pressures distal to the ligature were reduced from control values. The frequency of smooth muscle cells undergoing DNA replication was increased 25-fold in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats compared to sham-operated controls 9 days post-coarctation, while no differences were observed in cells in abdominal aortic segments 1 cm distal to the ligature. A small but significant increase in the frequency of tetraploid smooth muscle cells was observed in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats, but this increase accounted for less than 2% of the increase in medial DNA content. By far, the major growth response was hyperplasia, as evidenced by a 25% increase in thoracic aortic medial smooth muscle cell number without a change in mean cellular volume (micron3/cell) or mass (ng/cell). Whereas no evidence of endothelial denudation was observed in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats by scanning electron microscopy, endothelial cell turnover rates were increased 23-fold compared to controls, indicating that some form of endothelial "injury" or dysfunction was present. Consistent with this, morphological changes indicative of endothelial injury (e.g., subendothelial edema) were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The marked contrast between results of this study and our previous studies showing that aortic medial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive and Goldblatt hypertensive rats was due to cellular hypertrophy and hyperploidy without hyperplasia, clearly demonstrates that the growth response of smooth muscle cells within a given blood vessel can be quite different, depending on the model of hypertension. It is suggested that a non-denuding form of endothelial "injury" may play an important role in the proliferative growth response of smooth muscle cells following induction of coarctation hypertension.