Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passive music listening spontaneously engages limbic and paralimbic systems

In this PET study, non-musicians passively listened to unfamiliar instrumental music revealed afterward to elicit strongly pleasant feelings. Activations were observed in the subcallosal cingulate gyrus, prefrontal anterior cingulate, retrosplenial cortex, hippocampus, anterior insula, and nucleus accumbens. This is the first observation of spontaneous responses in such limbic and paralimbic areas during passive listening to unfamiliar although liked music. Activations were also seen in primary auditory, secondary auditory, and temporal polar areas known to respond to music. Our findings complement neuroimaging studies of aesthetic responses to music that have used stimuli selected by subjects or designed by experimenters. The observed pattern of activity is discussed in terms of a model synthesizing emotional and cognitive responses to music.
Virtual Reality, Art, and Entertainment

Most existing research on virtual reality concerns issues close to the interface, primarily how to present an underlying simulated world in a convincing fashion. However, for virtual reality to achieve its promise as a rich and popular artistic form, as have the novel, cinema, and television, we believe it will be necessary to explore well beyond the interface, to those issues of content and style that have made traditional media so powerful. We present a case for the importance of this research, then outline several topics we believe are central to the inquiry: developing computational theories for cognitive-emotional agents, presentation style, and drama.
A Large-Scale Systematic Evaluation of Algorithms Using Ground-Penetrating Radar for Landmine Detection and Discrimination

A variety of algorithms for the detection of landmines and discrimination between landmines and clutter objects have been presented. We discuss four quite different approaches in using data collected by a vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar sensor to detect landmines and distinguish them from clutter objects. One uses edge features in a hidden Markov model; the second uses geometric features in a feed-forward order-weighted average network; the third employs spectral features as its basis; and the fourth clusters edge histograms. We present the results of a large-scale cross-validation evaluation that uses a diverse set of data collected over 41 807.57 m2 of ground, including 1593 mine encounters. Finally, we discuss the results of that ranking and what one can conclude concerning the performance of these four algorithms in various settings.
Stable walking of a 7-DOF biped robot

The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate a means to prove asymptotically stable walking in an underactuated, planar, five-link biped robot model. The analysis assumes a rigid contact model when the swing leg impacts the ground and an instantaneous double support phase. The specific robot model analyzed corresponds to a prototype under development by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France. A secondary goal of the paper is to establish the viability of the theoretically motivated control law. This is explored in a number of ways. First, it is shown how known time trajectories, such as those determined on the basis of walking with minimal energy consumption, can be incorporated into the proposed controller structure. Secondly, various perturbations to the walking motion are introduced to verify disturbance rejection capability. Finally, the controller is demonstrated on a detailed simulator for the prototype which includes torque limits and a compliant model of the walking surface, and thus a noninstantaneous double support phase.
Product-state approximations to quantum ground states Citation

The local Hamiltonian problem consists of estimating the ground-state energy (given by the minimum eigenvalue) of a local quantum Hamiltonian. It can be considered as a quantum generalization of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) and has a central role both in quantum many-body physics and quantum complexity theory. A key feature that distinguishes quantum Hamiltonians from classical CSPs is that the solutions may involve complicated entangled states. In this paper, we demonstrate several large classes of Hamiltonians for which product (i.e. unentangled) states can approximate the ground state energy to within a small extensive error. First, we show the existence of a good product-state approximation for the ground-state energy of 2-local Hamiltonians with one or more of the following properties: (1) high degree, (2) small expansion, or (3) a ground state with sublinear entanglement with respect to some partition into small pieces. The approximation based on degree is a surprising difference between quantum Hamiltonians and classical CSPs, since in the classical setting, higher degree is usually associated with harder CSPs. The approximation based on low entanglement, in turn, was previously known only in the regime where the entanglement was close to zero. Estimating the energy is NP-hard by the PCP theorem, but whether it is QMA-hard is an important open question in quantum complexity theory. A positive solution would represent a quantum analogue of the PCP theorem. Since the existence of a low-energy product state can be checked in NP, the result implies that any Hamiltonian used for a quantum PCP theorem should have: (1) constant degree, (2) constant expansion, (3) a “volume law” for entanglement with respect to any partition into small parts. The result also gives a no-go to a quantum version of the PCP theorem in conjunction with parallel repetition for quantum CSPs. Second, we show that in several cases, good product-state approximations not only exist, but can be found in polynomial time: (1) 2-local Hamiltonians on any planar graph, solving an open problem of Bansal, Bravyi, and Terhal, (2) dense k-local Hamiltonians for any constant k, solving an open problem of Gharibian and Kempe, and (3) 2-local Hamiltonians on graphs with low threshold rank, via a quantum generalization of a recent result of Barak, Raghavendra and Steurer. Our work introduces two new tools which may be of independent interest. First, we prove a new quantum version of the de Finetti theorem which does not require the usual assumption of symmetry. Second, we describe a way to analyze the application of the Lasserre/Parrilo SDP hierarchy to local quantum Hamiltonians. ∗Department of Computer Science, University College London, email: fgslbrandao@gmail.com †Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, email: aram@mit.edu 1 ar X iv :1 31 0. 00 17 v1 [ qu an tph ] 3 0 Se p 20 13
Enteric fever treatment failures: a global concern.

with reference to programs a hundred years ago, when contemporary pesticides and biological and cultural controls did not exist and the tools of mosquito control were limited to such measures as deep-ditch draining of wetlands in New Jersey, clear-cutting, and use of arsenic compounds and crude petroleum for larval control. Deep-ditch draining was also practiced long ago in other states, such as Florida. It was but half a century ago, after World War II, that chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT came into widespread use for mosquito control until they were banned, and organophosphates such as malathion and naled took their place. For cost and performance reasons, DDT continues to be used in several developing countries for mosquito control. Mr. Rupp refers to old reports of water management as a means of making land formerly considered useless into productive land capable of generating tax revenues. Today, this practice would be considered wetlands conversion and wildlife habitat destruction. Robert Ward’s article in the latest Florida Mosquito Control Association’s Wing Beats reminisces about the venerable thermal fog machine, “those hot smelly ‘smokers’ belching up to eighty gallons of fog material per hour.fireballs, greasy streets and cars, or blinded drivers” (2). Back in those days, many children chased them on bicycles, ignorant of pesticide risks that are now known. Even in recent history, broad-spectrum organophosphates such as parathion and chlorpyrifos, which have potent nontarget effects, were used in aquatic habitats to control mosquito larvae. Mr. Rupp’s comments focus mainly on the mosquito control of a century ago, when the stakes were high because of malaria and yellow fever. The pioneers in mosquito control did marvelous work with the limited tools available to them and their limited knowledge of environmental consequences, but the history of mosquito control has had its time of pesticide reliance and has truly evolved to today’s fully integrated mosquito management as briefly described in the article.
Performance of Mergers and Acquisitions under Corporate Governance Perspective

This paper investigates the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on corporate performance. This article selects 36 M&A cases of China’s listed real estate companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2009. Regarding the corporate value in 2011 as the measure of the long-term performance, we will explore the relationship among check-and-balance Ownership Structure, board size, and institutional investors impact the performance. This paper concludes a positive impact ownership structure on the M&A performance. In addition, the empirical analysis reveals that that the board size has a significant negative effect on the performance. Additionally, the results of the paper indicate that the CEO-Chairman duality has a significant impact on the long-term performance. Besides, institutional investors have positive effect on M&A performance.
How perceived changes in the ethical culture of organizations influence the well-being of managers: a two-year longitudinal study

The first aim of this study was to identify long-term patterns of ethical organizational culture based on the perceptions of 368 Finnish managers over a period of two years. The second aim was to investigate whether there is a difference in the long-term occupational well-being (burnout and work engagement) of managers exhibiting different patterns of ethical culture. Based on latent profile analysis, five different patterns of the strength of ethical culture were identified: moderate, high, increasing, decreasing, and low. The results show that managers exhibiting either the low or decreasing pattern of ethical culture experienced significant changes in their well-being over time. Decreasing or permanently low ethical culture was related to increased cynical attitudes towards work, and to decreased work engagement. On the positive side, stably high ethical culture was associated with enduringly high levels of well-being over time. In sum, low or decreasing ethical culture poses a risk to occupational well-being, whereas an organization with a culture that is perceived as permanently strong represents a favourable work environment.
Extracting Keyphrases from Research Papers Using Citation Networks

Keyphrases for a document concisely describe the document using a small set of phrases. Keyphrases were previously shown to improve several document processing and retrieval tasks. In this work, we study keyphrase extraction from research papers by leveraging citation networks. We propose CiteTextRank for keyphrase extraction from research articles, a graph-based algorithm that incorporates evidence from both a document's content as well as the contexts in which the document is referenced within a citation network. Our model obtains significant improvements over the state-of-the-art models for this task. Specifically, on several datasets of research papers, CiteTextRank improves precision at rank 1 by as much as 9-20% over state-of-the-art baselines.
Influence of Fatigue on Tackling Technique in Rugby League Players

This study investigated the influence of fatigue on tackling technique in rugby league players and determined the relationship between selected physiological capacities and fatigue-induced decrements in tackling technique. Eight rugby league players underwent a standardized one-on-one tackling drill in a 10-m grid. Players performed the one-on-one tackling drill before strenuous exercise and following game-specific repeated-effort exercise of progressively increasing intensities (corresponding to moderate, heavy, and very heavy intensity) in order to induce fatigue that was representative of match conditions. Video footage was taken from the rear, side, and front of the defending player. Tackling technique was objectively assessed using standardized technical criteria. In addition, all players underwent measurements of standard anthropometry (height, body mass, and sum of 7 skinfold measurements), speed (10-, 20-, and 40-m sprint), muscular power (vertical jump), agility (L run), and estimated maximal aerobic power (&OV0312;o2max multistage fitness test). A progressive increase in total repeated-effort time, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion occurred throughout the repeated-effort protocol, demonstrating a progressive increase in intensity and fatigue. Fatigue resulted in progressive reductions in tackling technique. Players with the best tackling technique in a nonfatigued state demonstrated the greatest decrement in tackling technique under fatigued conditions. In addition, a significant association was observed between estimated &OV0312;o2max (r = −0.62) and agility (r = 0.68) and fatigue-induced decrements in tackling technique. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that strength and conditioning programs designed to develop endurance, change of direction speed, and anticipation skills may reduce fatigue-induced decrements in tackling technique. Furthermore, any defensive drills designed to improve tackling technique should be performed before and under fatigue.
Inhibition of Double-Stranded RNA- and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Apoptosis by Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein and Cochaperone P58IPK

ABSTRACT P58IPK is a tetratricopeptide repeat-containing cochaperone that is involved in stress-activated cellular pathways and that inhibits the activity of protein kinase PKR, a primary mediator of the antiviral and antiproliferative properties of interferon. To gain better insight into the molecular actions of P58IPK, we generated NIH 3T3 cell lines expressing either wild-type P58IPK or a P58IPK deletion mutant, ΔTPR6, that does not bind to or inhibit PKR. When treated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), ΔTPR6-expressing cells exhibited a significant increase in eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, indicating a functional PKR. In contrast, both of these PKR-dependent events were blocked by the overexpression of wild-type P58IPK. In addition, the P58IPK cell line, but not the ΔTPR6 cell line, was resistant to dsRNA-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that P58IPK regulates dsRNA signaling pathways by inhibiting multiple PKR-dependent functions. In contrast, both the P58IPK and ΔTPR6 cell lines were resistant to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis, suggesting that P58IPK may function as a more general suppressor of programmed cell death independently of its PKR-inhibitory properties. In accordance with this hypothesis, although PKR remained active in ΔTPR6-expressing cells, the ΔTPR6 cell line displayed a transformed phenotype and was tumorigenic in nude mice. Thus, the antiapoptotic function of P58IPK may be an important factor in its ability to malignantly transform cells.
Facilitating the Analysis of a UK National Blood Service Supply Chain Using Distributed Simulation

In an attempt to investigate blood unit ordering policies, researchers have created a discrete-event model of the UK National Blood Service (NBS) supply chain in the Southampton area of the UK. The model has been created using Simul8, a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) discrete-event simulation package (CSP). However, as more hospitals were added to the model, it was discovered that the length of time needed to perform a single simulation severely increased. It has been claimed that distributed simulation, a technique that uses the resources of many computers to execute a simulation model, can reduce simulation runtime. Further, an emerging standardized approach exists that supports distributed simulation with CSPs. These CSP Interoperability (CSPI) standards are compatible with the IEEE 1516 standard, the High Level Architecture (HLA), the de facto interoperability standard for distributed simulation. To investigate if distributed simulation can reduce the execution time of NBS supply chain simulation, this paper presents experiences of creating a distributed version of the CSP Simul8 according to the CSPI/HLA standards. It shows that the distributed version of the simulation does indeed run faster when the model reaches a certain size. Further, we argue that understanding the relationship of model features is key to performance. This is illustrated by experimentation with two different protocols implementations (using Time Advance Request (TAR) and Next Event Request (NER)). Our contribution is therefore the demonstration that distributed simulation is a useful technique in the timely execution of supply chains of this type and that careful analysis of model features can further increase performance.
Networks versus Vertical Integration

We construct a theory to compare vertically integrated firms to networks of manufacturers and suppliers. Vertically integrated firms make their own specialized inputs. In networks, manufacturers procure specialized inputs from suppliers that, in turn, sell to several manufacturers. The analysis shows that networks can yield greater social welfare when manufacturers experience large idiosyncratic demand shocks. Individual firms may also have the incentive to form networks, despite the lack of long-term contracts. The analysis is supported by existing evidence and provides predictions as to the shape of different industries.
Longitudinal Associations between Adolescent Psychotic Experiences and Depressive Symptoms

Background Psychotic experiences are prevalent in community samples and are highly correlated with depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms between adolescence and young adulthood. Method Prospective cohort study with a 6 year follow-up in a community sample of 7632 adolescents and young adults. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire and psychotic experiences with a semi-structured clinical interview at 12 and 18 years. Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations were investigated with regression and structural equation models. Results Depressive symptoms and psychotic experiences were associated at each time-point (12 years r = 0.486 [95% CI 0.457, 0.515]; 18 years r = 0.286 [95% CI 0.233, 0.339]) and there were longitudinal within-phenotype associations (depressive symptoms r = 0.252 [95% CI 0.205, 0.299]; psychotic experiences r = 0.662 [95% CI 0.595, 0.729]). There was an across-phenotype association between psychotic experiences at 12 and depressive symptoms at 18 r = 0.139 [95% CI 0.086, 0.192; p<0.001], but no association between depressive symptoms at 12 and psychotic experiences at 18 r = −0.022 [95% CI −0.032, 0.077; p = 0.891]. Conclusions Longitudinal across-phenotype associations were substantially weaker than cross-sectional associations or within-phenotype longitudinal associations. Whilst psychotic experiences at 12 years were associated with a small increase in depression at 18 years, depression at 12 years was not associated with psychotic experiences at 18 years once across-phenotype cross-sectional and within-phenotype longitudinal associations were accounted for. This suggests that the biological mechanisms underlying depression at this age do not increase subsequent risk of psychotic experiences once they resolve.
Atomic Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP121 to 1.06 Å Reveals Novel Features of Cytochrome P450*

The first structure of a P450 to an atomic resolution of 1.06 Å has been solved for CYP121 fromMycobacterium tuberculosis. A comparison with P450 EryF (CYP107A1) reveals a remarkable overall similarity in fold with major differences residing in active site structural elements. The high resolution obtained allows visualization of several unusual aspects. The heme cofactor is bound in two distinct conformations while being notably kinked in one pyrrole group due to close interaction with the proline residue (Pro346) immediately following the heme iron-ligating cysteine (Cys345). The active site is remarkably rigid in comparison with the remainder of the structure, notwithstanding the large cavity volume of 1350 Å3. The region immediately surrounding the distal water ligand is remarkable in several aspects. Unlike other bacterial P450s, the I helix shows no deformation, similar to mammalian CYP2C5. In addition, the positively charged Arg386 is located immediately above the heme plane, dominating the local structure. Putative proton relay pathways from protein surface to heme (converging at Ser279) are identified. Most interestingly, the electron density indicates weak binding of a dioxygen molecule to the P450. This structure provides a basis for rational design of putative antimycobacterial agents.
Interaction between Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Genetic Polymorphisms on Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Prospective Case-Cohort Study

Background: Epidemiologic data on genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular effects of arsenic exposure from drinking water are limited. Objective: We investigated whether the association between well-water arsenic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) differed by 170 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 genes related to arsenic metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Method: We conducted a prospective case-cohort study nested in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, with a random subcohort of 1,375 subjects and 447 incident fatal and nonfatal cases of CVD. Well-water arsenic was measured in 2000 at baseline. The CVD cases, 56 of which occurred in the subcohort, included 238 coronary heart disease cases, 165 stroke cases, and 44 deaths due to other CVD identified during follow-up from 2000 to 2012. Results: Of the 170 SNPs tested, multiplicative interactions between well-water arsenic and two SNPs, rs281432 in ICAM1 (padj = 0.0002) and rs3176867 in VCAM1 (padj = 0.035), were significant for CVD after adjustment for multiple testing. Compared with those with GC or CC genotype in rs281432 and lower well-water arsenic, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for CVD was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.54) for a 1-SD increase in well-water arsenic combined with the GG genotype, which was greater than expected given aHRs of 1.08 and 0.96 for separate effects of arsenic and the genotype alone, respectively. Similarly, the joint aHR for arsenic and the rs3176867 CC genotype was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.87), greater than expected given aHRs for their separate effects of 1.02 and 0.84, respectively. Conclusions: Associations between CVD and arsenic exposure may be modified by genetic variants related to endothelial dysfunction. Citation: Wu F, Jasmine F, Kibriya MG, Liu M, Cheng X, Parvez F, Islam T, Ahmed A, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Jiang J, Roy S, Paul-Brutus R, Slavkovich V, Islam T, Levy D, VanderWeele TJ, Pierce BL, Graziano JH, Ahsan H, Chen Y. 2015. Interaction between arsenic exposure from drinking water and genetic polymorphisms on cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: a prospective case-cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 123:451–457; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1307883