Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Political Participation of College Students, Working Students and Working Youth. CIRCLE Working Paper 37.

ABSTRACT Education has long been a powerful predictor in understanding political participation and yet the paths toward earning a college degree have changed considerably in recent years. As tuition costs increase and as schooling option burgeon, today’s youth are taking longer to finish their academic programs and are increasingly working as they do so. To learn more about the intersection of education, work and political participation, this paper reports data from a phone survey of over 1,000 19-23 year olds on (1) their schooling and work paths and (2) the political resources, opportunities and participation levels for three categories of young people: college students, working students, and non-college (working) youth. The data show that the most common path for this age group is that of the student worker. The data also show that these student workers report higher levels of political interest, political skills, political mobilization and political participation than their college student and working youth peers. This report suggests that there may be civic correlates to a schooling and work schedule as well as conceptual benefits to examining the education variable in tandem with other measurements that describe the contemporary youth experience.
Women and the subsistence sector: Economic participation and household decision making in Nepal

This paper attempts first to analyze how various sociocultural, economic, and demographic factors affect the extent and structure of female economic participation in the large subsistence economy of rural Nepal. It then investigates the relationship between these variables and the extent of womens' input into the household decision-making process. Among the specific hypotheses examined is the supposition that the strength of female decision-making power in the household is positively affected by women's participation in the market economy and negatively affected by their confinement to subsistence agricultural production and domestic work. The paper also investigates the hypothesis that women's decision-making input is inversely related to the income status of the household.
Enhanced droplet spreading due to thermal fluctuations

The lubrication equation that governs the dynamics of thin liquid films can be augmented to account for stochastic stresses associated with the thermal fluctuations of the fluid. It has been suggested that under certain conditions the spreading rate of a liquid drop on a surface will be increased by these stochastic stresses. Here, an atomistic simulation of a spreading drop is designed to examine such a regime and provide a quantitative assessment of the stochastic lubrication equation for spreading. It is found that the atomistic drop does indeed spread faster than the standard lubrication equations would suggest and that the stochastic lubrication equation of Grün et al (2006 J. Stat. Phys. 122 1261–91) predicts the spread rate.
A role for galanin in human and experimental inflammatory demyelination

The neuropeptide galanin is widely expressed by many differing subsets of neurons in the nervous system. There is a marked upregulation in the levels of the peptide in a variety of nerve injury models and in the basal forebrain of humans with Alzheimer's disease. Here we demonstrate that galanin expression is specifically and markedly upregulated in microglia both in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and shadow plaques. Galanin expression is also upregulated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, although solely in oligodendrocytes. To study whether the observed increase in expression of galanin in inflammatory demyelination might modulate disease activity, we applied the EAE model to a panel of galanin transgenic lines. Over-expression of galanin in transgenic mice (Gal-OE) abolishes disease in the EAE model, whilst loss-of-function mutations in galanin or galanin receptor-2 (GalR2) increase disease severity. The pronounced effects of altered endogenous galanin or GalR2 expression on EAE disease activity may reflect a direct neuroprotective effect of the neuropeptide via activation of GalR2, similar to that previously described in a number of neuronal injury paradigms. Irrespective of the mechanism(s) by which galanin alters EAE disease activity, our findings imply that galanin/GalR2 agonists may have future therapeutic implications for MS.
BiDIP: a Biological Data Integration Platform for Transcriptome Analysis

Many studies aimed to construct an automated gene expression analysis platform for researchers. However, they lack an integrated data model for analyzing heterogeneous data. In order to address this issue, we created a biological data integration platform for transcriptome analysis (BiDIP) for managing various kinds of databases. As part of this platform, we developed a biological interaction data model (BIM). Also we provide a Web application and OpenAPIs that allow users to search for connections among multiple databases conformant to the proposed data model. In this paper, we will present the current status of the platform as well as its future research venues.
Bank ownership , rm value and rm capital structure in Europe *

We investigate the role of banks in the ownership structure of non- nancial rms. Distinguishing between banks and other institutional investors as shareholders, we examine the relationship between nancial institution ownership and the performance of the rms in which they hold equity. We control explicitly for the capital structure decision of the rms and the ownership decision of nancial institutions in a simultaneous equations model. Our main nding is that there is a negative relationship between nancial institution ownership and the market value of rms, measured as the Tobins Q. This is in contradiction with the monitoring hypothesis. Key words: Financial institution ownership, Firm value JEL classi cation: G32, G20 * The authors thank Lieven Baele, Oyvind Bohren, Punnoose Jacob (Reuben), Doris Neuberger, Neeltje van Horen and participants at the FINESS conference and Copenhagen workshop for corporate governance for helpful comments. Financial support from EIEF and the European Commission (7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement No. 217266) is gratefully acknowledged. Corresponding author : lieven.baert@ugent.be (Lieven Baert)
Human water contacts patterns in Schistosoma mansoni epidemic foci in northern Senegal change according to age, sex and place of residence, but are not related to intensity of infection

In an epidemic focus in northern Senegal, adults had lower intensities of infection than adolescents, a phenomenon that could not be attributed to immunity acquired over the previous 10–15 years of exposure to the parasite because all age groups had had the same number of years' experience of the worm. This article considers whether this pattern could have been because of higher levels of exposure to the parasite in younger age groups. Personal contact with infected water was recorded using a questionnaire in Schistosoma mansoni foci not more than 3 years old and in another, 10‐year‐old focus. Many aspects of contact (e.g. frequency, duration or time of day of contact) may contribute to the number of encounters with infective cercariae (true exposure), so various assumptions regarding the relationship between water contact and true exposure were tested resulting in a range of exposure indices. People reported a mean of 4.4 separate contacts, and spent a median of 57 min per day in water. Patterns of water contact differed depending on the exposure index used, e.g. considering duration, males spent a longer time in water than females (P < 0.001). But using frequency, females had more contacts with water than males in most villages (P < 0.001). Generally, exposure levels dropped as people become aged (P < 0.001) and residents of the older focus were more exposed than residents of other foci (P < 0.002). Intensity of (re)infection was not related to exposure either alone or in models incorporating age, sex and/or village irrespective of the index used. There is therefore evidence that age, sex and place of residence determine exposure but none to suggest that exposure had an influence on the relationship between these factors and intensity of infection. We propose therefore that in this population other factors have principal importance in determining intensity of infection.
Potential competition : theory empirical evidence and legal practice

This article surveys theoretical and empirical studies that relate to potential competition and outlines the role of potential competition in competition law enforcement. According to the contestable-market hypothesis, potential competition is very effective. According to the limit-pricing theory, potential competition is moderately effective, while other theories suggest that potential competition is not effective at all. Most empirical evidence suggest that potential competition is a competitive constraint, but a weaker such than actual competition. Theory and empirical studies underline the importance of entry barriers. Potential competition increases the likelihood of entry and entry, in turn, often has positive competitive effects. In addition, potential competition can be effective without actual entry. On the other hand, the incumbent’s actions in response to potential entry can be viewed as predatory actions. Potential competition and barriers to entry are important in competition law enforcement. The extent of potential competition and the height of the entry barriers can be critical in merger cases and has been of major relevance for exemptions from Article 81 of the EU Treaty. The legal practice concerning potential competition is
Histomorphological studies of broiler chicken fed diets supplemented with either raw or enzyme treated dandelion leaves and fenugreek seeds

Aim: Herbal plants and their derived products are extensively used particularly in many Asian, African, and other countries of the world as they are considered as ideal feed additives because of their non-residual effect and ability to influence the ecosystem of gastrointestinal microbiota in a positive way. Further, the enzymatic treatment of these herbs helps in their efficient utilization by the host. Dandelion leaves and fenugreek seeds have been reported to have positive effect in terms of improving the performance of broiler chicken, but not much literature is available regarding their effect on gut histomorphology; therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the effect of these herbs either alone or in combination with or without enzyme treatment on histomorphology of liver and small intestine of broiler chicken. Materials and Methods: To achieve the envisaged objective, 273-day-old commercial broiler chicks were procured from a reputed source and reared together until 7 days of age. On the 7th day, the chicks were individually weighed, distributed randomly into 7 groups of 3 replicates with 13 chicks each. Birds in the control group were fed diets without additives (T1). The other six treatment groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% dandelion leaves (T2), 1% fenugreek seeds (T3), combination of 0.5% dandelion leaves and 1% fenugreek seeds (T4), enzyme treated dandelion leaves 0.5% (T5), enzyme treated fenugreek seeds 1% (T6), and combination of enzyme treated dandelion leaves (0.5%) and (1%) fenugreek seeds (T7). The histomorphological study of liver and small intestines was conducted among different treatment groups. Results: The results revealed the hepato-protective nature of both dandelion leaves and fenugreek seeds either alone or in combination with or without enzyme treatment when compared with the control group. Moreover, the histomorphological findings of jejunum revealed the beneficial effect of dandelion leaves, fenugreek seeds and enzymes on the intestinal mucosa in terms of cellular infiltration, architecture of villi, villus height/crypt depth ratio, thereby improving the intestinal health. Conclusion: The dandelion leaves and fenugreek seeds have hepato-protective nature and beneficial effect on the intestinal morphology particularly when included along with enzymes in the diet of broiler chicken.
Characterization of virulence factors in the newly described Salmonella enterica serotype Keurmassar emerging in Senegal (sub-Saharan Africa)

From 2000 to 2001, nine strains of Salmonella enterica belonging to the new serotype Keurmassar have been isolated from human and poultry samples at the Senegalese National Salmonella and Shigella Reference Laboratory at the Pasteur Institute, in Dakar. All strains carried virulence factors including Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI)-1, -2, -3 and -5 encoded genes. Strains did not harbour virulence plasmid. Ribotyping analysis revealed a single clone identical to Salmonella Decatur isolated in Zimbabwe. These data suggest that strains are closely related, and may have been spread clonally. In this new serotype, insertion sequence IS200 is not present.
Black hole mass and binary model for BL Lac object OJ 287

Recent intensive observations of the BL Lac object OJ 287 raise a lot of questions on the models of binary black holes, processing jets, rotating helical jets and thermal instability of slim accretion disks. After carefully analyzing their radio flux and polarization data, Valtaoja et al. ([CITE]) propose a new binary model. Based on the black hole mass of $4 \times 10^8 ~{M_\odot}$ estimated with the tight correlations of the black hole masses and the bulge luminosity or central velocity dispersion of host galaxies, we computed the physical parameters of the new binary scenario. The impact of the secondary on the accretion disk around the primary black hole causes strong shocks propagating inwards and outwards, whose arrival at the jet roots is identified with the rapid increase of optical polarization and the large change of polarization angle at about 0.30 yr after the first main optical flare. An increase of optical polarization, a large rotation of positional angle and a small synchrotron flare at 2007.05 between the optical outbursts at 2006.75 and 2007.89 are expected by the model. With the estimated parameters, we predicated an increase of γ -ray flux appearing about 5 days after the first optical/IR peak, which is consistent with the EGRET observations.
Some remarks on fundamental physical $F$-theory

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of a physical 12-dimensional F-theory. We study the question of geometric interaction terms in the F-theory Lagrangians. We also introduce a new supergravity multiplet in dimension $(9,3)$ which is based on a particle with 3-dimensional timelike worldvolume. A construction of signature $(9,3)$ F-theory is given using dualities analogous to those considered by Hull, and possible matches of F-theory's low energy fields with the $(9,3)$-supergravity field content is given. Finally, preliminary suggestions are made regarding a possible phenomenological compactificaton of F-theory from dimension $(9,3)$ to $(3,1)$.
Dengue Virus RNA Structure Specialization Facilitates Host Adaptation

Many viral pathogens cycle between humans and insects. These viruses must have evolved strategies for rapid adaptation to different host environments. However, the mechanistic basis for the adaptation process remains poorly understood. To study the mosquito-human adaptation cycle, we examined changes in RNA structures of the dengue virus genome during host adaptation. Deep sequencing and RNA structure analysis, together with fitness evaluation, revealed a process of host specialization of RNA elements of the viral 3’UTR. Adaptation to mosquito or mammalian cells involved selection of different viral populations harvesting mutations in a single stem-loop structure. The host specialization of the identified RNA structure resulted in a significant viral fitness cost in the non-specialized host, posing a constraint during host switching. Sequence conservation analysis indicated that the identified host adaptable stem loop structure is duplicated in dengue and other mosquito-borne viruses. Interestingly, functional studies using recombinant viruses with single or double stem loops revealed that duplication of the RNA structure allows the virus to accommodate mutations beneficial in one host and deleterious in the other. Our findings reveal new concepts in adaptation of RNA viruses, in which host specialization of RNA structures results in high fitness in the adapted host, while RNA duplication confers robustness during host switching.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Senécal Et Al. / Work-family Conflict Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-family Conflict: toward a Motivational Model Two-incomefamiliesbecamethenormincanadadur- a Motivational Model of Work-family Conflict on the Social Determinants of Self-determined Motiva

The purpose of the present study was to propose and test a model of work-family conflict based on Self-Determination Theory and the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. The model posits that positive interpersonal factors both at work (i.e., one's employer) and at home (e.g., one's spouse) influence work and family motivation. Moreover, the model proposes that low levels of self-determined family and work motivation both contribute to family alienation, which in turn influences the experience of work-family conflict. Finally, work-family conflict leads to feelings of emotional exhaustion. Results from structural equation modeling supported the model. Although the model was supported for both men and women, some sex differences were uncovered at the mean level. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed. of married women with children younger than age 18 were employed full-time. The average working wife with full-time employment contributed to approximately 40% of the family's annual income (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1989). The notion of a two-career family has provoked numerous changes in traditional family life. Contrary to the traditional view, women viewed their employment as salient to their self-concept and life goals and pursued occupational work regardless of their family situation. Even though some of these changes are positive (i.e., psychological benefit of employment) (Barnett, 1997), it appears that organizing child care activities, household chores, and professional responsibilities creates stress and conflict for many working parents (see Eckenrode & Gore, 1990, for a review). Conflict between work and family occurs when individuals have to perform multiple roles: worker, spouse, and parent (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985). Each of these roles requires time and energy if it is to be performed adequately. Consequently, individuals are overwhelmed and experience interference from work to family or from family to work (Gutek, Searle, & Kelpa, 1991). Given the pervasive effects of combining professional and family responsibilities, researchers have tried to identify factors that may impede or facilitate balancing work and family life. Whereas the literature suggests that the problems of balancing work and family demands depend on how parents allocate their time to employment and family roles, little research has focused on commitment toward both domains (Bielby, 1992; Bielby & Bielby, 1989). Nevertheless , it is important to understand why individuals spend time in family and at work. For example, one mother might spend 3 hours playing with her children for the pleasure of doing it, whereas another mother …
Light‐curve studies of nearby Type Ia supernovae with a Multiband Stretch method

We create new U-, B-, V-, R- and I-band light-curve templates of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and re-analyse 122 nearby (redshift < 0.11) SNe Ia using a new ‘Multiband Stretch method’, which is a revised Stretch method extended to five bands. We find (i) our I-band template can fit about 90 per cent of SNe Ia I-band light curves, (ii) relationships between luminosity, colours and stretch factors, (iii) possible subgroups of SNe Ia and (iv) the ratio of total to selective extinction R in other galaxies can be consistent with that in the Milky Way under the assumption that SNe Ia have diversity in their intrinsic colour. Based on these results, we discuss how to select subsets of SNe Ia to serve as good distance indicators for cosmology. We find two possibilities: one is to choose ‘BV bluest’ [−0.14 < (B − V)max ≤− 0.10] objects and the other is to use only SNe Ia which occur in E or S0 galaxies. Within these subsets, we find the root mean square (rms) of peak B-band magnitudes is 0.17 mag (‘BV bluest’ sample) and 0.12 mag (E or S0 sample).
Molecular Characterization of a Dechlorinating Community Resulting from In Situ Biostimulation in a Trichloroethene-Contaminated Deep, Fractured Basalt Aquifer and Comparison to a Derivative Laboratory Culture

ABSTRACT Sodium lactate additions to a trichloroethene (TCE) residual source area in deep, fractured basalt at a U.S. Department of Energy site have resulted in the enrichment of the indigenous microbial community, the complete dechlorination of nearly all aqueous-phase TCE to ethene, and the continued depletion of the residual source since 1999. The bacterial and archaeal consortia in groundwater obtained from the residual source were assessed by using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. A clone library of bacterial amplicons was predominated by those from members of the class Clostridia (57 of 93 clones), of which a phylotype most similar to that of the homoacetogen Acetobacterium sp. strain HAAP-1 was most abundant (32 of 93 clones). The remaining Bacteria consisted of phylotypes affiliated with Sphingobacteria, Bacteroides, Spirochaetes, Mollicutes, and Proteobacteria and candidate divisions OP11 and OP3. The two proteobacterial phylotypes were most similar to those of the known dechlorinators Trichlorobacter thiogenes and Sulfurospirillum multivorans. Although not represented by the bacterial clones generated with broad-specificity bacterial primers, a Dehalococcoides-like phylotype was identified with genus-specific primers. Only four distinct phylotypes were detected in the groundwater archaeal library, including predominantly a clone affiliated with the strictly acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta concilii (24 of 43 clones). A mixed culture that completely dechlorinates TCE to ethene was enriched from this groundwater, and both communities were characterized by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). According to T-RFLP, the laboratory enrichment community was less diverse overall than the groundwater community, with 22 unique phylotypes as opposed to 43 and a higher percentage of Clostridia, including the Acetobacterium population. Bioreactor archaeal structure was very similar to that of the groundwater community, suggesting that methane is generated primarily via the acetoclastic pathway, using acetate generated by lactate fermentation and acetogenesis in both systems.