Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Note - Deliberation Without Attention: The Latent Benefits of Distracting Website Features for Online Purchase Decisions

Early studies on Web design typically caution against the use of distracting website features in electronic commerce, such as animated banners, pop-ups, and floating advertisements, because they may cause annoyance for online consumers and disrupt information processing, leading to poorer purchase decisions. Yet, the recently uncovered deliberation-without-attention D-W-A effect suggests that distracting consumers from the decision-making process may improve their decision quality when there are a large number of decision parameters to consider. To ascertain whether the D-W-A effect can be triggered through the use of distracting website features in the context of online shopping, two experiments are conducted. The first experiment reveals that the presence of distracting website features, in the form of pop-ups, gives rise to annoyance in general, but also leads to better purchase decisions when the decision to be made is complex. The second experiment supports the findings of the first and sheds further light on the underlying mode of thought triggered by these features. In particular, by eliminating a number of potential alternative mechanisms, including online judgments, the mere disruption of decision-related thought, and cognitively constrained conscious deliberation, the second experiment demonstrates that unconscious deliberation is likely to be the underlying cause of superior decision making. With these findings, this research supports a more balanced view in the recent human-computer interaction literature, which suggests that the usual advice to minimize the use of distracting website features should be examined more carefully. The research also uncovers evidence that contributes to the ongoing debate surrounding the D-W-A effect and unconscious thought theory.
Alterations in cadherin and catenin expression during the biological progression of melanocytic tumours.

AIMS: Compelling evidence from cell culture studies implicates cadherins in the neoplastic progression of melanocytic tumours but few reports describe the expression of cadherins and the related transmembrane proteins, catenins, in a full range of benign and malignant excised melanocytic tumours. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry and western blotting after tissue fractionation, the pattern of expression of cadherins/catenins was studied in a range of surgically excised melanocytic tumours, from dysplastic naevi to stage III cutaneous metastatic malignant melanoma. RESULTS: Appropriate membranous expression of E-cadherins and P-cadherins is seen in dysplastic naevocytes with an epithelioid phenotype and is largely maintained with malignant transformation to radial growth phase melanoma and primary vertical growth phase malignant melanoma. Loss of membranous E-cadherin is seen in a small number of vertical growth phase melanomas only when metastasis has occurred. However, there is a concomitant dramatic loss of membranous P-cadherin expression in all melanomas at the same stage. A minority of metastatic melanomas show de novo membranous N-cadherin expression in comparison with dysplastic naevi and primary melanoma. Membranous expression of the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein, was not seen in any tumour studied. Frequently, beta catenin is aberrantly produced in the cytoplasm of cells in dysplastic naevi and metastatic malignant melanoma, with an implied compromise to adhesive function. Furthermore, membranous gamma catenin expression was not seen in any of the 70 melanocytic tumours studied, implying obligatory transmembrane binding of cadherins to beta catenin for maintenance of adhesive function. CONCLUSIONS: The most important alterations in membranous cadherin and catenin expression are seen late in the biological progression of melanocytic tumours at the stage of "in transit" or regional lymph node metastasis, with implications for tumour growth, invasion, and dissemination.
Population Health Science: A Core Element of Health Science Education in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa suffers an inordinate burden of disease and does not have the numbers of suitably trained health care workers to address this challenge. New concepts in health sciences education are needed to offer alternatives to current training approaches. A perspective of integrated training in population health for undergraduate medical and nursing education is advanced, rather than continuing to take separate approaches for clinical and public health education. Population health science educates students in the social and environmental origins of disease, thus complementing disease-specific training and providing opportunities for learners to take the perspective of the community as a critical part of their education. Many of the recent initiatives in health science education in sub-Saharan Africa are reviewed, and two case studies of innovative change in undergraduate medical education are presented that begin to incorporate such population health thinking. The focus is on East Africa, one of the most rapidly growing economies in sub-Saharan Africa where opportunities for change in health science education are opening. The authors conclude that a focus on population health is a timely and effective way for enhancing training of health care professionals to reduce the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
Testing Fourier Dimensionality and Sparsity

We present a range of new results for testing properties of Boolean functions that are defined in terms of the Fourier spectrum. Broadly speaking, our results show that the property of a Boolean function having a concise Fourier representation is locally testable. We first give an efficient algorithm for testing whether the Fourier spectrum of a Boolean function is supported in a low-dimensional subspace of ${\mathbb F}_2^n$ (equivalently, for testing whether f is a junta over a small number of parities). We next give an efficient algorithm for testing whether a Boolean function has a sparse Fourier spectrum (small number of nonzero coefficients). In both cases we also prove lower bounds showing that any testing algorithm -- even an adaptive one -- must have query complexity within a polynomial factor of our algorithms, which are nonadaptive. Finally, we give an "implicit learning" algorithm that lets us test any sub-property of Fourier concision. Our technical contributions include new structural results about sparse Boolean functions and new analysis of the pairwise independent hashing of Fourier coefficients from [12].
Dynamic voltage and cache reconfiguration for low power

This article deals about dynamic voltage and cache reconfiguration online algorithm that dynamically adapts the processor speed and the cache subsystem to the workload requirements for the purpose of saving energy. The workload is considered to be a set of tasks with real-time deadlines. Our online algorithm is invoked as part of the OS scheduler, which performs standard earliest deadline first(EDF)task scheduling first. Then, our online algorithm, determines an ideal voltage/cache configuration for the current executing task.
JunD suppresses bone formation and contributes to low bone mass induced by estrogen depletion

JunD is an activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) component though its function in skeletal system is still not fully understood. To elucidate the role of JunD in the regulation of bone metabolism, we analyzed JunD‐deficient mice. JunD deficiency significantly increased bone mass and trabecular number. This bone mass enhancement was due to JunD deficiency‐induced increase in bone formation activities in vivo. Such augmentation of bone formation was associated with simultaneous increase in bone resorption while the former was dominant over the latter as accumulation of bone mass occurred in JunD‐deficient mice. In a pathological condition relevant to postmenopausal osteoporosis, ovariectomy reduced bone mass in wild type (WT) mice as known before. Interestingly, JunD deficiency suppressed ovariectomy‐induced increase in bone resorption and kept high bone mass. In addition, JunD deficiency also enhanced new bone formation after bone marrow ablation. Examination of molecular bases for these observations revealed that JunD deficiency enhanced expression levels of c‐jun, fra‐1, and fra‐2 in bone in conjunction with elevated expression levels of runx2, type I collagen, and osteocalcin. Thus, JunD is involved in estrogen depletion‐induced osteopenia via its action to suppress bone formation and to enhance bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1037–1045, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human Metapneumovirus in Adults

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a relative newly described virus. It was first isolated in 2001 and currently appears to be one of the most significant and common human viral infections. Retrospective serologic studies demonstrated the presence of HMPV antibodies in humans more than 50 years earlier. Although the virus was primarily known as causative agent of respiratory tract infections in children, HMPV is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults as well. Almost all children are infected by HMPV below the age of five; the repeated infections throughout life indicate transient immunity. HMPV infections usually are mild and self-limiting, but in the frail elderly and the immunocompromised patients, the clinical course can be complicated. Since culturing the virus is relatively difficult, diagnosis is mostly based on a nucleic acid amplification test, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. To date, no vaccine is available and treatment is supportive. However, ongoing research shows encouraging results. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature concerning HMPV infections in adults, and discuss recent development in treatment and vaccination.
Inhibition of Personally-Relevant Angry Faces Moderates the Effect of Empathy on Interpersonal Functioning

While empathy is typically assumed to promote effective social interactions, it can sometimes be detrimental when it is unrestrained and overgeneralized. The present study explored whether cognitive inhibition would moderate the effect of empathy on social functioning. Eighty healthy young adults underwent two assessments six months apart. Participants’ ability to suppress interference from distracting emotional stimuli was assessed using a Negative Affective Priming Task that included both generic and personally-relevant (i.e., participants’ intimate partners) facial expressions of emotion. The UCLA Life Stress Interview and Empathy Quotient were administered to measure interpersonal functioning and empathy respectively. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that higher empathy was associated with worse concurrent interpersonal outcomes for individuals who showed weak inhibition of the personally-relevant depictions of anger. The effect of empathy on social functioning might be dependent on individuals’ ability to suppress interference from meaningful emotional distractors in their environment.
Gastrointestinal motor mechanisms in hyperglycaemia induced delayed gastric emptying in type I diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia delays gastric emptying, both in healthy controls and in patients with diabetes mellitus. The effect of hyperglycaemia on antroduodenal motility in diabetes has not yet been studied. AIM: To investigate the gastrointestinal motor mechanisms involved in the hyperglycaemia induced retardation of gastric emptying in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy. In eight diabetic patients antroduodenal manometry was performed simultaneously with scintigraphic measurement of emptying of a mixed solid-liquid meal, during euglycaemia (5-8 mmol/l glucose) and hyperglycaemia (16-19 mmol/l glucose), on separate days, in random order. RESULTS: Hyperglycaemia decreased the cumulative antral motility index from 38.3 (range 24.2-47.6) to 30.8 (range 17.3-38.1) (p = 0.025) and reduced the number of antral pressure waves propagated over > or = 4.5 cm (p = 0.04). Duodenal phase III-like activity was seen irrespective of the glycaemic state (in three patients during euglycaemia and in four patients during hyperglycaemia). Hyperglycaemia significantly affected gastric emptying of the solid meal: it prolonged the lag phase from 20.0 minutes to 28.5 minutes (P = 0.02), increased the 50% emptying time from 73.5 minutes to 104.5 minutes (p = 0.03), and increased the percentage of isotope remaining in the stomach after 120 minutes from 33.5% to 46.5% (p = 0.02). The cumulative antral motility index was correlated with the 50% emptying time (r = 0.75, p = 0.02) during euglycaemia, but not during hyperglycaemia (r = 0.28, P = 0.31). Liquid emptying was not influenced by the blood glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycaemia reduces postprandial antral contractile activity and its organisation in patients with type I diabetes and autonomic neuropathy. These changes in antroduodenal motility are likely to constitute the mechanism through which gastric emptying of solids is delayed during high blood glucose concentrations in these diabetic patients.
Potential of pulp and paper sludge as a formaldehyde scavenger agent in MDF resins

Abstract Sludge of pulp and paper mills have natural adhesive properties. The primary sludge (PS, contains fibers) and secondary sludge (SS, contains proteins) could also be suitable for manufacturing medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Protein in SS can react with formaldehyde (HCHO), and as an additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins it can reduce formaldehyde emission. Thus, SS was investigated in the present study. PS and SS were collected from two mills and characterized in terms of chemical composition, fiber length distribution, pH, and buffering capacity. MDF samples were processed according to an experimental design, in which UF resin content was reduced from 12% to 8% and replaced by SS in the range of 5%–15%. Gel time measurement showed high SS reactivity with UF resin. The SS reduced HCHO emissions by up to 68% compared to control panels, without compromising internal bond strength. The bonding effect of SS was lower than expected due to the high pH, thus the buffering capacity reduced UF performance. Moreover, sludge reduced bending performance. Dimensional stability was the greatest disadvantage of sludge panels.
EFD Is an ERF Transcription Factor Involved in the Control of Nodule Number and Differentiation in Medicago truncatula[W]

Mechanisms regulating legume root nodule development are still poorly understood, and very few regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. Here, we describe EFD (for ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation), a gene that is upregulated during nodulation in Medicago truncatula. The EFD transcription factor belongs to the ethylene response factor (ERF) group V, which contains ERN1, 2, and 3, three ERFs involved in Nod factor signaling. The role of EFD in the regulation of nodulation was examined through the characterization of a null deletion mutant (efd-1), RNA interference, and overexpression studies. These studies revealed that EFD is a negative regulator of root nodulation and infection by Rhizobium and that EFD is required for the formation of functional nitrogen-fixing nodules. EFD appears to be involved in the plant and bacteroid differentiation processes taking place beneath the nodule meristem. We also showed that EFD activated Mt RR4, a cytokinin primary response gene that encodes a type-A response regulator. We propose that EFD induction of Mt RR4 leads to the inhibition of cytokinin signaling, with two consequences: the suppression of new nodule initiation and the activation of differentiation as cells leave the nodule meristem. Our work thus reveals a key regulator linking early and late stages of nodulation and suggests that the regulation of the cytokinin pathway is important both for nodule initiation and development.
GLANET: genomic loci annotation and enrichment tool

Motivation: Genomic studies identify genomic loci representing genetic variations, transcription factor (TF) occupancy, or histone modification through next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Interpreting these loci requires evaluating them with known genomic and epigenomic annotations. Results: We present GLANET as a comprehensive annotation and enrichment analysis tool which implements a sampling‐based enrichment test that accounts for GC content and/or mappability biases, jointly or separately. GLANET annotates and performs enrichment analysis on these loci with a rich library. We introduce and perform novel data‐driven computational experiments for assessing the power and Type‐I error of its enrichment procedure which show that GLANET has attained high statistical power and well‐controlled Type‐I error rate. As a key feature, users can easily extend its library with new gene sets and genomic intervals. Other key features include assessment of impact of single nucleotide variants (SNPs) on TF binding sites and regulation based pathway enrichment analysis. Availability and implementation: GLANET can be run using its GUI or on command line. GLANET's source code is available at https://github.com/burcakotlu/GLANET. Tutorials are provided at https://glanet.readthedocs. org. Contact: burcak@ceng.metu. edu.tr or oznur.tastan@cs.bilkent. edu.tr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Outcomes of Patients with Benign Liver Diseases Undergoing Living Donor versus Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation

Background/Aims The number of people undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has increased rapidly in many transplant centres. Patients considering LDLT need to know whether LDLT is riskier than deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing LDLT versus DDLT. Methods A total of 349 patients with benign liver diseases were recruited from 2005 to 2011 for this study. LDLT was performed in 128 patients, and DDLT was performed in 221 patients. Pre- and intra-operative variables for the two groups were compared. Statistically analysed post-operative outcomes include the postoperative incidence of complication, biliary and vascular complication, hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence, long-term survival rate and outcomes of emergency transplantation. Results The waiting times were 22.10±15.31 days for the patients undergoing LDLT versus 35.81±29.18 days for the patients undergoing DDLT. The cold ischemia time (CIT) was 119.34±19.75 minutes for the LDLT group and 346±154.18 for DDLT group. LDLT group had higher intraoperative blood loss, but red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was not different. Similar ≥ Clavien III complications, vascular complications, hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence and long-term survival rates were noted. LDLT patients suffered a higher incidence of biliary complications in the early postoperative days. However, during the long-term follow-up period, biliary complication rates were similar between the two groups. The long-term survival rate of patients undergoing emergency transplantation was lower than of patients undergoing elective transplantation. However, no significant difference was observed between emergency LDLT and emergency DDLT. Conclusions Patients undergoing LDLT achieved similar outcomes to patients undergoing DDLT. Although LDLT patients may suffer a higher incidence of early biliary complications, the total biliary complication rate was similar during the long-term follow-up period.
The Role of Depression in Medication Adherence Among Heart Failure Patients

The purpose of the study was to explore the association between depression and medication adherence in heart failure (HF) patients. Studies have shown that people with depression are likely to be nonadherent to their prescribed medication treatment. But other studies suggest that nonadherence may be overestimated by people with depression. A total of 244 adults with Stage C HF completed the study. Self-reported medication adherence was obtained using the Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale (BAAS); objective data on medication adherence were collected using the electronic Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Depression was measured via self-report with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). There was a significant difference between depressed and nondepressed participants in self-reported medication nonadherence (p = .008), but not in objectively measured medication nonadherence (p = .72). The depressed sample was 2.3 times more likely to self-report poor medication adherence than those who were nondepressed (p = .006).
Interactive Effects of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs and Cattle on Shrub Encroachment in a Desert Grassland Ecosystem

The widespread encroachment of woody plants throughout the semi-arid grasslands in North America has largely resulted from overgrazing by domestic livestock, fire suppression, and loss of native large and small mammalian herbivores. Burrowing-herbivorous mammals, such as prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), help control shrub encroachment through clipping of shrubs and consumption of their seedlings, but little is known about how this important ecological role interacts with and may be influenced by co-existing large herbivores, especially domestic livestock. Here, we established a long-term manipulative experiment using a 2 × 2 factorial design to assess the independent and interactive effects of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and cattle (Bos taurus) on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) abundance and structure. We found that, after five years, mesquite abundance was three to five times greater in plots where prairie dogs were removed compared to plots where they occurred together or alone, respectively. While both prairie dogs and cattle reduced mesquite cover, the effect of prairie dogs on reducing mesquite abundance, cover, and height was significantly greater than that by cattle. Surprisingly, cattle grazing enhanced prairie dog abundance, which, in turn, magnified the effects of prairie dogs on mesquite shrubs. Mesquite canopy cover per hectare was three to five times greater where prairie dogs and cattle were absent compared to where they occurred together or by themselves; whereas, cumulative mesquite height was two times lower on sites where prairie dog and cattle occurred together compared to where they occurred alone or where neither occurred. Data from our experimental study demonstrate that prairie dogs and moderate grazing by cattle can suppress mesquite growth, and, when their populations are properly managed, they may interact synergistically to significantly limit mesquite encroachment in desert grasslands.
Differential privacy with compression

This work studies formal utility and privacy guarantees for a simple multiplicative database transformation, where the data are compressed by a random linear or affine transformation, reducing the number of data records substantially, while preserving the number of original input variables.We provide an analysis framework inspired by a recent concept known as differential privacy. Our goal is to show that, despite the general difficulty of achieving the differential privacy guarantee, it is possible to publish synthetic data that are useful for a number of common statistical learning applications. This includes high dimensional sparse regression [24], principal component analysis (PCA), and other statistical measures [16] based on the covariance of the initial data.