Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of brain functional small‐world networks during finger movements

A functional measure of brain organization is the efficiency of functional connectivity. The degree of functional connectivity can differ during a task compared to the rest, and to study this issue, we investigated the functional connectivity networks in healthy subjects during a simple, right‐handed, sequential finger‐tapping task using graph theoretic measures. EEGs were recorded from 58 channels in 15 healthy subjects at rest and during a motor task. We estimated mutual information values of wavelet coefficients to create an association matrix between EEG electrodes and produced a series of adjacency matrices or graphs, A, by thresholding with network cost. These graphs are called small‐world networks, and we assessed their efficiency measures. We found economical small‐world properties in brain functional connectivity networks in the alpha and beta band networks. The efficiency of the brain networks was enhanced during the task in the beta band networks, but not in the alpha band networks. A regional efficiency analysis during the task showed that the bilateral primary motor and left sensory areas showed increased nodal efficiency, Enodal, whereas decreased Enodal was found over the posterior parietal areas. The present study provides evidence for the reorganization of brain functional connectivity networks in a motor task with the greatest increase in Enodal in motor executive areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gaze following: A mechanism for building social connections between infants and adults.

From the first smile to the first word, infants' social acts are greeted with joy and awe by parents. Regardless of the reason for a smile, parents are hooked-and so are the researchers who study these acts. Parents socially connect with their infants in moments of eye contact and face-to-face interaction; researchers see in these behaviors the foundation of intersubjectivity and reciprocity. However, these joyful, dyadic interactions are destined not to last, because third parties come onto the scene. The mother's eyes stray from her infant to other people and objects, and the infant begiris to notice where the mother is looking. Instead of being part of a simple dyad, infants become part of a triangle involving self, mother, and object. This is the birth of what scientists term triadic exchanges, in which an external object (whether person or thing) becomes a part of the interaction. The external
Two-Gene Phylogeny of Bright-Spored Myxomycetes (Slime Moulds, Superorder Lucisporidia)

Myxomycetes, or plasmodial slime-moulds, are one of the largest groups in phylum Amoebozoa. Nonetheless, only ∼10% are in the database for the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene, the most widely used gene for phylogenetics and barcoding. Most sequences belong to dark-spored Myxomycetes (order Fuscisporida); the 318 species of superorder Lucisporidia (bright-spored) are represented by only eleven genuine sequences. To compensate for this, we provide 66 new sequences, 37 SSU rRNA and 29 elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), for 82% of the genera of Lucisporidia. Phylogenetic analyses of single- and two-gene alignments produce congruent topologies and reveal both morphological characters that have been overemphasised and those that have been overlooked in past classifications. Both classical orders, Liceida and Trichiida, and several families and genera are para/polyphyletic; some previously unrecognised clades emerge. We discuss possible evolutionary pathways. Our study fills a gap in the phylogeny of Amoebozoa and provides an extensive SSU rRNA sequence reference database for environmental sampling and barcoding. We report a new group I intron insertion site for Myxomycetes in one Licea.
Do Pharmaceutical Sales Respond to Scientific Evidence

I investigate how different sources of information influence the diffusion of pharmaceutical innovations. In prescription-drug markets, both advertising and scientific information stemming from clinical trials can affect physicians' prescription choices. Using novel indices of clinical-research output, I find that both marketing and scientific evidence directly influence the diffusion process in the antiulcer-drug market, with marketing having a more pronounced influence. I also find evidence that clinical outputs are important drivers of firms' marketing efforts, affecting sales indirectly. Taken together, the direct and indirect effects of science on demand imply strong private incentives for clinical research. I conclude that product-market competition in the pharmaceutical industry is shaped by both advertising rivalries and scientific rivalries. Moreover, drug advertising may perform an important informative function. Copyright (c) 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The effects of iron deficiency anemia on p wave duration and dispersion

OBJECTIVES: The association between P wave dispersion and iron deficiency anemia has not been documented in the literature. In this study, we evaluated P wave dispersion in patients with iron deficiency anemia and the possible relationships between P wave dispersion and other echocardiographic parameters. INTRODUCTION: The iron status of an individual may play an important role in cardiovascular health. Anemia is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. P wave dispersion is a simple electrocardiographic marker that has a predictive value for the development of atrial fibrillation. Apart from cardiovascular diseases, several conditions, such as seasonal variation, alcohol intake and caffeine ingestion, have been demonstrated to affect P wave dispersion. METHODS: The study included 97 patients who had iron deficiency anemia and 50 healthy subjects. The cases were evaluated with a clinical examination and diagnostic tests that included 12‐lead electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, patients with iron deficiency anemia showed significantly longer maximum P wave duration (Pmax) (91.1±18.0 vs. 85.8±6.7 msec, p = 0.054), P wave dispersion (PWD) (48.1±7.7 vs. 40.9±5.6 msec, p<0.001), mitral inflow deceleration time (DT) (197.5±27.9 vs. 178.8±8.9 msec, p<0.001) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) (93.3±9.2 vs. 77.4±8.2 msec, p<0.001); they also showed increased heart rate (85.7±16.1 vs. 69.0±4.4, p<0.001) and frequency of diastolic dysfunction (7 (7.2%) vs. 0). Correlation analysis revealed that PWD was significantly correlated with IVRT, DT, heart rate, the presence of anemia and hemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS: Iron deficiency anemia may be associated with prolonged P wave duration and dispersion and impaired diastolic left ventricular filling.
ULTRADEEP NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF GOODS 850-5,

GOODS 850-5 is a hyperluminous radio-faint submillimeter source in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North. Although it is generally agreed that GOODS 850-5 is at a high redshift, z ≳ 4, its exact redshift is unknown. While its stellar spectral energy distribution (SED) suggests z ∼ 6, its radio/far-IR (FIR) SED suggests a lower redshift of z ∼ 4. To better constrain its stellar SED and redshift, we carried out nano-Jansky sensitivity ultradeep near-IR (NIR) observations between 1.2 and 2.1 μm with the Hubble Space Telescope and the 8 m Subaru Telescope. Even with such great depths we did not detect GOODS 850-5, and the results show that it is an extremely curious source. Between the Ks and 3.6 μm bands, its spectral slope is greater than 3 times that of an extremely red object, and the flux ratio between the two bands is greater than 8 times that of Lyman breaks. It is quite challenging to explain this unusually red color without a Lyman break (which would imply z > 17). It requires a large amount (M⋆ ∼ 1011.5M☉) of reddened old stars at z ∼ 6, coexisting with an even more extinguished violent ∼2400–4400 M☉ yr−1 starburst, which does not have any associated detectable rest-frame UV radiation. We discuss the discrepancy between the NIR and radio/FIR photometric redshifts. We conclude that GOODS 850-5 is at least at z > 4 and is more likely at z ≳ 6. We describe the unusual properties of GOODS 850-5, including its SED and formation history, and we discuss the implications of such massive z > 6 galaxies.
δ-Presence without Complete World Knowledge

Advances in information technology, and its use in research, are increasing both the need for anonymized data and the risks of poor anonymization. We presented a new privacy metric, δ-presence, that clearly links the quality of anonymization to the risk posed by inadequate anonymization. It was shown that existing anonymization techniques are inappropriate for situations where δ-presence is a good metric (specifically, where knowing an individual is in the database poses a privacy risk). This article addresses a practical problem with, extending to situations where the data anonymizer is not assumed to have complete world knowledge. The algorithms are evaluated in the context of a real-world scenario, demonstrating practical applicability of the approach.
A new design of low power high speed hybrid CMOS full adder

We have designed the full Adder using hybrid-CMOS logic style by dividing it in three modules so that it can be optimized at various levels. First module is an XOR-XNOR circuit, which generates full swing XOR and XNOR outputs simultaneously and have a good driving capability. It also consumes minimum power and provides better delay performance. Second module is a sum circuit which is also a XOR circuit and uses carry input and the output of the first module as input to generate sum output. Third module is a carry circuit which uses the output of the first stage and other inputs to generate carry output. In the new full adder design we have proposed new full adder circuit which reduce the power consumption, delay between carry out to carry in and PDP by 12 to 100%. Simulations are carried out on HSPICE using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
A Family of Maximum SNR Filters for Noise Reduction

This paper is devoted to the study and analysis of the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) filters for noise reduction both in the time and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domains with one single microphone and multiple microphones. In the time domain, we show that the maximum SNR filters can significantly increase the SNR but at the expense of tremendous speech distortion. As a consequence, the speech quality improvement, measured by the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) algorithm, is marginal if any, regardless of the number of microphones used. In the STFT domain, the maximum SNR filters are formulated by considering the interframe information in every frequency band. It is found that these filters not only improve the SNR, but also improve the speech quality significantly. As the number of input channels increases so is the gain in SNR as well as the speech quality. This demonstrates that the maximum SNR filters, particularly the multichannel ones, in the STFT domain may be of great practical value.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Self-other Agreement in Personality and Affectivity: the Role of Acquaintanceship, Trait Visibility, and Assumed Similarity

Self-and other-ratings on the Big Five and a comprehensive inventory of trait affect were obtained from 74 married couples, 136 dating couples, and 279 friendship dyads. With the exception of Surprise, all scales showed significant self-other agreement in all 3 samples, thereby establishing their convergent validity. Consistent with the trait visibility effect, however, the Big Five consistently yielded higher agreement correlations than did the affectivity scales. Conversely, the affective traits consistently showed stronger evidence of assumed similarity (i.e., the tendency for judges to rate others as similar to themselves) than did the Big Five. Cross-sample comparisons indicated that agreement was significantly higher in the married sample than in the other 2 groups; however, analyses of 3 potential moderators in the dating and friendship samples failed to identify the source of this acquaintanceship effect. Self-other agreement-that is, the convergence between self-and other-ratings of the same trait-is a centrally important issue in personality research. Personologists traditionally have used peer judgments as key evidence in the validation of self-ratings (e.g., Watson & Clark, 1991). Moreover, theorizing and research on this topic have played a crucial role in our understanding of personality itself. In 1934, for example, Mead proposed a model called "sym-bolic interactionism," arguing that "the individual experiences himself as such, not directly, but only indirectly, from the generalized standpoint of the social group as a whole to which he belongs" (Mead, 1934, p. 138). Mead's model posited that a person's self-concept emerges gradually in response to social feedback, and he clearly assumed a high level of self-other agreement. However, early studies failed to support this assumption. In fact, in an influential review, Shrauger and Schoeneman (1979) concluded that the level of convergence between self-and other-raters was rather low. These discouraging results led to the argument that trait judgments essentially reflect "implicit personality theories" that have little basis in reality. Gradually, however, evidence from more carefully conducted studies established a strong level of convergence between both (a) self-and other-raters and (b) independent peer judges of the same target (e.over, the data clearly demonstrated that trait judgments did not simply reflect internal cognitive representations but rather involve the systematic use of available information (Funder, 1995; Funder & Colvin, 1997). Consequently, evidence regarding self-other agreement played a crucial role in establishing the reality of traits (Kenrick & Funder, 1988). 546 It now is well established that substantial self-other agreement reflecting correlations of . 40 and higher-can …
How Can We Improve School Discipline?

School discipline addresses schoolwide, classroom, and individual student needs through broad prevention, targeted intervention, and development of self-discipline. Schools often respond to disruptive students with exclusionary and punitive approaches that have limited value. This article surveys three approaches to improving school discipline practices and student behavior: ecological approaches to classroom management; schoolwide positive behavioral supports; and social and emotional learning. The article examines their epistemological and empirical roots and supporting research, suggesting ways to combine approaches.
Effect of forward sweep in a transonic compressor rotor

Abstract This paper presents the design and testing of a transonic compressor rotor with forward sweep. The rotor was used to investigate the influence of forward sweep on the performance and stability of a single-stage transonic compressor compared with a baseline design with radially stacked blade sections. The comparison was done numerically with the three-dimensional Navier—Stokes code TRACE-S and experimentally in the Darmstadt transonic compressor test rig. It was found that the new rotor with forward sweep has an increased efficiency and also a much better stall margin (much more in the rig test than predicted by the three-dimensional Navier—Stokes calculation). Particularly close to stall, the forward sweep diverts the flow towards the blade tip region which helps to stabilise this region. For that reason it is possible to throttle the forward-swept rotor much further than the radially stacked rotor, although the forward-swept rotor does already suffer from separated flow in the hub.
Detection of incomplete enclosures of rectangular shape in remotely sensed images

We develop an approach for detection of ruins of livestock enclosures in alpine areas captured by high-resolution remotely sensed images. These structures are usually of approximately rectangular shape and appear in images as faint fragmented contours in complex background. We address this problem by introducing a new rectangularity feature that quantifies the degree of alignment of an optimal subset of extracted linear segments with a contour of rectangular shape. The rectangularity feature has high values not only for perfect enclosures, but also for broken ones with distorted angles, fragmented walls, or even a completely missing wall. However, it has zero value for spurious structures with less than three sides of a perceivable rectangle. Performance analysis using large imagery of an alpine environment is provided. We show how the detection performance can be improved by learning from only a few representative examples and a large number of negatives.
Motivation and affect in peer argumentation and socio- cognitive conflict

Whereas the cognitive processes and effects of collaborative learning have been intensively studied within the Learning Sciences, little attention has been paid to the way motivational and emotional factors may affect them. In this symposium, we present recent findings from three independent lines of research that focus on the way motivation and affect shape the interaction between peer learners and how this, in turn, affects cognitive gains from this interaction. All three presentations focus on learning within a socio-cognitive conflict task design, while drawing on different data sources, each highlighting different aspects of the interaction process: (1) Students self-reported perceptions of the self, the other and the interaction; (2) Epistemic and motivational features of verbal dialogue content; and (3) Interactants' emotional reactions using facial signals and content-free vocal parameters of speech. The findings shed new light on how motivational and affective factors may promote or inhibit productive interactions in the face of socio-cognitive conflict.
Deconstruct and Reconstruct: Using Topic Modeling on an Analytics Corpus

The question posed by the 2014 LAK Data Challenge is “What do analytics on learning analytics tell us? ” The authors looked to take a two-pronged approach to this challenge. First, the authors wanted to use advanced analytical techniques on the corpus to make the “eat your own dog food” point. Since many of the EDM/LAK submissions explain advanced statistical or semantic analytic approaches, we wanted to utilize those same methods for our analysis. To that end, we used two natural language processing (NLP) tools to analyze the corpus of papers. First we used Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to extract clusters of terms from the content. Second, we used Turbo Topics to convert the LDA output into phrases (bi-grams and tri-grams). The use of these NLP tools allowed us to execute the second part of our approach to the challenge. Once the corpus was aggregated as topics, we used Tableau to visually inspect the corpus for trends. In addition to standard descriptive visualizations, we were able to identify trends in the corpus topics from 2008 through 2013. Most interesting is that with both EDM and LAK, we noticed a trend of topic convergence after three years. Also, we were able to easily discern topic trends such as the increased popularity of "social" and "network," over the last three years, and the consistent appearance of ‘Cognitive Tutor’ related topics (e.g. intelligent tutoring, concept map). While these findings may not be unexpected, we believe that the ability to extract and visualize these outcomes is unique.
Experimenting With Extracting Software Requirements Using NLP Approach

Requirement engineering is a fundamental step in the production of high quality software. Many attempts have been conducted to automate some aspects of the requirements engineering process. In this paper, we present a framework that provides the requirements engineers with an environment, which accepts English natural language requirements as input and automatically generates the corresponding UML class diagram designs. Moreover the framework can highlight the possibility of specification reusability through a reverse engineering process which saves the requirements engineers both time and efforts.
Moral Satisficing: Rethinking Moral Behavior as Bounded Rationality

What is the nature of moral behavior? According to the study of bounded rationality, it results not from character traits or rational deliberation alone, but from the interplay between mind and environment. In this view, moral behavior is based on pragmatic social heuristics rather than moral rules or maximization principles. These social heuristics are not good or bad per se, but solely in relation to the environments in which they are used. This has methodological implications for the study of morality: Behavior needs to be studied in social groups as well as in isolation, in natural environments as well as in labs. It also has implications for moral policy: Only by accepting the fact that behavior is a function of both mind and environmental structures can realistic prescriptive means of achieving moral goals be developed.
Development and Validation of a Music Self-Concept Inventory for College Students

The purpose of this study was to develop a Music Self-Concept Inventory (MSCI) for college students that is easy to administer and reflects the global nature of this construct. Students (N = 237) at a private college in the midwestern United States completed the initial survey, which contained 15 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Three subscales determined by previous research included (a) support or recognition from others, (b) personal interest or desire, and (c) self-perception of music ability. A series of exploratory factor analyses supported this model and indicated that deleting two items loading <. 40 on their intended subscales improved validity and helped attain simple structure. The final version of the MSCI contains 13 items, explains 63.6% of the variance, and maintains high reliability (total: α = .94; subscales: α = .83–.92). Validity was demonstrated through correlation between the MSCI and another measure of music self-perception (r = .94), MSCI scores and years of participation in music activities (r = .64), and interfactor correlations (r = .71–.75). This instrument will provide a tool for researchers and educators to assess change or development in music self-concept and examine other variables related to this construct.