Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eye-Gaze Analyis of Facial Emotion Expression in Adolescents with ASD

Prior research has shown that both emotion recognition and expression in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) differs from that of typically developing children, and that these differences may contribute to observed social impairment. This study extends prior research in this area with an integrated examination of both expression and recognition of emotion, and evaluation of spontaneous generation of emotional expression in response to another person’s emotion, a behavior that is characteristically deficient in ASD. The aim of this study was to assess eye gaze patterns during scripted and spontaneous emotion expression tasks, and to assess quality of emotional expression in relation to gaze patterns. Youth with ASD fixated less to the eye region of stimuli showing surprise (F(1,19.88) = 4.76, p = . 04 for spontaneous task; F(1,19.88) = 3.93, p = . 06 for the recognition task), and they expressed emotion less clearly than did the typically developing sample (F(1, 35) = 6.38, p = . 02) in the spontaneous task, but there was not a significant group difference in the scripted task across the emotions. Results do not, however, suggest altered eye gaze as a candidate mechanism for decreased ability to express an emotion. Findings from this research inform our understanding of the social difficulties associated with emotion recognition and expression deficits.
Adaptive Role of Inversion Polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura in Lead Stressed Environment

Local adaptation to environmental stress at different levels of genetic polymorphism in various plants and animals has been documented through evolution of heavy metal tolerance. We used samples of Drosophila subobscura populations from two differently polluted environments to analyze the change of chromosomal inversion polymorphism as genetic marker during laboratory exposure to lead. Exposure to environmental contamination can affect the genetic content within a particular inversion and produce targets for selection in populations from different environments. The aims were to discover whether the inversion polymorphism is shaped by the local natural environments, and if lead as a selection pressure would cause adaptive divergence of two populations during the multigenerational laboratory experiment. The results showed that populations retain signatures from past contamination events, and that heavy metal pollution can cause adaptive changes in population. Differences in inversion polymorphism between the two populations increased over generations under lead contamination in the laboratory. The inversion polymorphism of population originating from the more polluted natural environment was more stable during the experiment, both under conditions with and without lead. Therefore, results showed that inversion polymorphism as a genetic marker reflects a strong signature of adaptation to the local environment, and that historical demographic events and selection are important for both prediction of evolutionary potential and long-term viability of natural populations.
Effect of cyclopiazonic acid on the force-frequency relationship in human nonfailing myocardium.

The present study investigated the functional role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++-ATPase in contraction and relaxation, intracellular Ca++-transients, as well as on the force-frequency relationship in human myocardium. The Ca++-ATPase activity of membrane vesicles isolated from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) obtained from nonfailing donor hearts (n = 7) was measured in the presence of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 0-30 microM), a highly specific inhibitor of the Ca++-ATPase of the SR (SERCA). The effects of CPA on parameters of contraction and relaxation, force-frequency relationship and [Ca++]i transients (with fura-2) were studied on isolated left ventricular muscle strips from human nonfailing myocardium. CPA concentration-dependently inhibited SERCA activity of isolated SR vesicles. In the presence of CPA (30 microM) the former positive force-frequency relationship in human left ventricular nonfailing myocardium became negative. Especially at high frequencies of stimulation, CPA decreased developed tension, peak rate of tension rise and systolic fura-2-light emission, whereas time to peak tension, time to peak [Ca++]i, time to 95% relaxation, diastolic tension and diastolic Ca++ levels were increased. Peak rate of tension decay and time to half-relaxation and half-decay of [Ca++]i were not altered significantly after treatment with CPA. These findings provide evidence that the SERCA plays a functional role in the frequency-dependent increase in force of contraction in human myocardium. Because an impaired function of the SERCA is predominantly followed by alterations of inotropic and to a lesser degree of lusitropic function, other important factors to lower [Ca++]i and influence relaxation may be present in human myocardium to compensate for the reduced SERCA activity, e.g., Na+-Ca++ exchanger.
Collaboration of human phagocytes with LY 303366 for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus.

LY 303366, an inhibitor of 1, 3-beta-D-glucan synthase, was tested alone, or in co-culture with neutrophils or monocytes, for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus using the XTT metabolism assay. LY 303366 at 0.1 mg/L for 48 h significantly inhibited growth by conidia in a microtest plate XTT assay system. Inhibition was similar if the drug was removed after only 24 h. Microscopically this correlated with less growth and stunted malformed hyphae. LY 303366 (0.1 mg/L) also inhibited the further growth of germlings (43%) in a 24 h assay. Antifungal activity of neutrophils against 24 h control hyphal growth was limited at an effector: target ratio of 400:1. In co-cultures of neutrophils plus drug with hyphal growth from 24 h LY 303366 cultures the antifungal activity was additive. Neutrophils had a similar additive effect even if the drug were not present (i.e. when germinating conidia were pretreated with drug). Under conditions where monocytes did not have significant antifungal activity against hyphae, they collaborated with LY 303366 for significantly increased inhibition from 38% by LY 303366 alone to 67% by co-culture. Thus, LY 303366 has activity against germinating or germinated conidia of Aspergillus, human effector cells act co-operatively with LY 303366, and LY 303366 can sensitize germinating conidia for damage by host cells.
Production and Perception of New, Given, and Contrastive Information in Taiwan Mandarin

This paper investigates the production and perception of an NP in utterance initial and medial position produced with given, new, and contrastive information structures in spontaneous Taiwan Mandarin speech. Production data showed that duration of NP were lengthened when carrying new and contrastive information. However, results of a dialogue history perception experiment found that listeners were unable to distinguish new and given information, but were able to distinguish contrastive and given information.
Miranda Misconceptions of Criminal Detainees: Differences Based on Age Groups and Prior Arrests

ABSTRACT Knowing and intelligent Miranda waivers remain the cornerstone of our 5th Amendment right against self-incrimination in the United States. Until recently, however, Miranda-related research and practice have focused almost entirely on comprehension of proffered warnings and waivers as opposed to identifying ingrained misconceptions that affect how detainees process this input. The current archival investigation brings together data on Miranda misconceptions for more than 799 detainees in the United States, ranging from 11–67 years of age. Miranda misconceptions were systematically examined on the Miranda Quiz (MQ) and parallel items of the Juvenile Miranda Quiz (JMQ) across four age groups (i.e., younger juveniles, older juveniles, emerging adults, and adults) with varying histories of prior arrests. As expected, the two adult groups had fewer Miranda misconceptions than the two juvenile groups. Contrary to widespread assumptions, serious Miranda misconceptions commonly occur, even among detainees with intact verbal abilities and those with extensive arrest histories.
A Structural Role for the Synaptobrevin 2 Transmembrane Domain in Dense-Core Vesicle Fusion Pores

Ca2+-triggered release of neurotransmitters and hormones depends on soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) to drive the fusion of the vesicle and plasma membranes. The formation of the SNARE complex by the vesicle SNARE synaptobrevin 2 (syb2) and the two plasma membrane SNAREs syntaxin (syx) and SNAP-25 draws the two membranes together, but the events that follow membrane juxtaposition, and the ways that SNAREs remodel lipid membranes remain poorly understood. The SNAREs syx and syb2 have transmembrane domains (TMDs) that can exert force directly on the lipid bilayers. The TMD of syx influences fusion pore flux in a manner that suggests it lines the nascent fusion pore through the plasma membrane. The TMD of syb2 traverses the vesicle membrane and is the most likely partner to syx in completing a proteinaceous fusion pore through the vesicle membrane, but the role of this vesicle SNARE in fusion pores has yet to be tested. Here amperometry and conductance measurements were performed to probe the function of the syb2 TMD in fusion pores formed during catecholamine exocytosis in mouse chromaffin cells. Fusion pore flux was sensitive to the size and charge of TMD residues near the N terminus; fusion pore conductance was altered by substitutions at these sites. Unlike syx, the syb2 residues that influence fusion pore permeation fell along two α-helical faces of its TMD, rather than one. These results indicate a role for the syb2 TMD in nascent fusion pores, but in a very different structural arrangement from that of the syx TMD.
Filling Empty Seats: How Status and Organizational Hierarchies Affect Exploration Versus Exploitation in Team Design

Informal and formal mechanisms affect choices between exploitation and exploration in team design. We argue that the status differentiation of team members and differences in organizational structure limit exploration in the form of introducing newcomers to teams and creating new combinations of team members. High- and low-status team members and one- and three-layer organizational structures were expected to be positively related to exploration, and middle-status team members and two-layer structures were expected to be negatively related to it. We used data on 6,446 motion pictures produced by the Hollywood film industry in the period 1929-58 to test our hypotheses.
Electrical Impedance Tomography by Elastic Deformation

This paper presents a new algorithm for conductivity imaging. Our idea is to extract more information about the conductivity distribution from data that have been enriched by coupling impedance electrical measurements to localized elastic perturbations. Using asymptotics of the fields in the presence of small volume inclusions, we relate the pointwise values of the energy density to the measured data through a nonlinear PDE. Our algorithm is based on this PDE and takes full advantage of the enriched data. We give numerical examples that illustrate the performance and the accuracy of our approach.
Resource Allocation in the Brain

When an individual performs several tasks simultaneously, resources must be allocated to different brain systems to produce energy for neurons to fire. Following the evidence from neuroscience, we model the brain as an organization in which a coordinator allocates limited resources to the brain systems responsible for the different tasks. Systems are privately informed about the amount of resources necessary to perform their task and compete to obtain the resources. The coordinator arbitrates the demands while satisfying the resource constraint. We show that the optimal mechanism is to impose to each system with privately known needs a cap in resources that depends negatively on the amount of resources requested by the other system. This allocation can be implemented using a physiologically plausible mechanism. Finally, we provide some implications of our theory: (i) performance is inversely related to the difficulty of the task and can be flawless for sufficiently simple tasks, (ii) the dynamic allocation rule exhibits inertia (current allocations are increasing in past needs), and (iii) different cognitive tasks are performed by different systems only if the tasks are sufficiently important.
Evaluation of Tools Used for Monitoring and Forecasting Flash Floods in the United States

This paper evaluates, for the first time, flash-flood guidance (FFG) values and recently developed gridded FFG (GFFG) used by the National Weather Service (NWS) to monitor and predict imminent flash flooding, which is the leading storm-related cause of death in the United States. It is envisioned that results from this study will be used 1) to establish benchmark performance of existing operational flash-flood prediction tools and2)to provideinformation toNWSforecastersthatrevealshow theexistingtools canbe readilyoptimized. Sources used to evaluate the products include official reports of flash floods from the NWS Storm Data database, discharge measurements on small basins available from the U.S. Geological Survey, and witness reports of flash flooding collected during the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment. Results indicated that the operational guidance values, with no calibration, were marginally skillful, with the highest criticalsuccessindexof0.20 occurringwith3-h GFFG.Thefalse-alarm ratesfell andtheskill improvedto0.34 when the rainfall was firstspatially averaged within basins and then reached 50% of FFG for 1-h accumulation and exceeded 3-h FFG. Although the skill of the GFFG values was generally lower than that of their FFG counterparts,GFFGwascapableofdetectingthespatialvariabilityofreportedflashfloodingbetterthanFFG was for a case study in an urban setting.
Quantitative gated PET for the assessment of left ventricular function in small animals.

UNLABELLED 18F-FDG PET can identify areas of myocardial viability and necrosis and provide useful information on the effectiveness of experimental techniques designed to improve contractile function and myocardial vascularization in small animals. The left ventricular volume (LVV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in normal and diseased rats were measured in vivo using the high-resolution avalanche photodiode (APD) small-animal PET scanner of the Université de Sherbrooke. The measurements obtained by PET were compared with those obtained by high-resolution echocardiography and with known values obtained from a small, variable-volume cardiac phantom. METHODS List-mode gated (18)F-FDG PET studies were performed using the APD PET scanner on 30 rats: 11 healthy, 4 under septic shock, and 15 with heart failure induced by ligature of the left coronary artery. PET images were resized to match human-scale pixels and analyzed using a standard clinical cardiac software program. The LVV and LVEF from the same animals were also evaluated by echocardiography. RESULTS Agreement was excellent between the endocardial volumes determined by PET and the actual volumes of the cardiac phantom (r(2) = 0.96). Agreement between PET and echocardiography for LVV ranged from good in healthy rats (r(2) = 0.89) to fair in diseased rats (r(2) = 0.49). Agreement was fair between LVEF values measured by the 2 methods (r(2) = 0.56). Normal rats had an average LVEF of 83.2% +/- 8.0% using PET and 81.6% +/- 6.0% using echocardiography. In rats with heart failure, LVEF was 54.6% +/- 15.9% using PET and 54.2% +/- 13.3% using echocardiography. CONCLUSION Both PET and echocardiography clearly differentiated normal rats from rats with heart failure. Echocardiography is fast and convenient, whereas list-mode PET is also able to assess defect size, myocardial viability, and metabolism.
The Epidemiology of Vertigo, Dizziness, and Unsteadiness and Its Links to Co-Morbidities

Vertigo, dizziness, and unsteadiness (VDU) are common symptoms traditionally considered to result from different kinds of vestibular and non-vestibular dysfunctions. The epidemiology of each symptom and how they relate to each other and to migraine, agoraphobia, motion sickness susceptibility (MSS), vaso-vagal episodes (VVE), and anxiety-depression was the object of this population-based study in north-eastern France. A self-administered questionnaire was returned by 2987 adults (age span 18–86 years, 1471 women). The 1-year prevalence for vertigo was 48.3%, for unsteadiness 39.1%, and for dizziness 35.6%. The three symptoms were correlated with each other, occurred mostly (69.4%) in various combinations rather than in isolation, less than once per month, and 90% of episodes lasted ≤2 min. The three symptoms were similar in terms of female predominance, temporary profile of the episodes, and their link to falls and nausea. Symptom episodes of >1 h increase the risk of falls. VDU are much more common than the known prevalence of vestibular disorders. The number of drugs taken increase VDU even when controlling for age. Each VDU symptom was correlated with each co-morbidity in Chi-squared tests. The data suggest that the three symptoms are more likely to represent a spectrum resulting from a range of similar – rather than from different, unrelated – mechanisms or disorders. Logistic regressions controlling for each vestibular symptom showed that vertigo correlated with each co-morbidity but dizziness and unsteadiness did not, suggesting that vertigo is certainly not a more specific symptom than the other two. A logistic regression using a composite score of VDU, controlling for each co-morbidity showed a correlation of VDU to migraine and VVE but not to MSS and not to agoraphobia in men, only in women.
Mathematical Formula Detection in Heterogeneous Document Images

This paper presents mathematical formula detection in heterogeneous document images that may contain figures, tables, text, and math formulas. We adopt the method originally proposed for sign detection in natural images to detect non-homogeneous regions and accordingly achieve text line detection and segmentation. Novel features based on centroid fluctuation information of non-homogeneous regions are proposed to more appropriately characterize both displayed formulas and embedded formulas. By comparing the proposed method with previous works, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed features.
Own Experience Bias, Prejudice and Discrimination

We develop a model with which to explore discrimination and prejudice within labor markets. Our approach emphasizes the role of an individual's own experience in the assessment of efforts of other individuals. Specifically, we consider a two stage process in which individuals first learn, through experience, whether effort is rewarded and then subsequently have to estimate the effort of others. Our theoretical results suggest that those who are not rewarded for high effort will underestimate the effort of other individuals while those for whom effort is rewarded will (slightly) overestimate the effort of others. We empirically test and confirm this prediction.
Structural and functional differences between the H-2 controlled Ss and Slp proteins

Based on functional and structural data, it is concluded that the Ss protein in the mouse expresses the activity of the fourth component of complement. Removal of the Ss, but not of Slp, antigen correlates with a high degree of significance (P less than 0.001) with decrease of C4 hemolytic activity. In phenotypically Slp negative mice the plasma/serum levels of Ss correlate with the C4 activity (P less than 0.001). Structurally, Ss is a 209,000-mol wt protein, consisting of three covalently linked polypeptide chains (alpha,beta,gamma). Treatment of Ss with C1 cleaves a 7,000-8,000-mol wt fragment from the alpha-chain. Slp is also a three chain covalently linked protein of 209,000 daltons, however its three chains differ in size from those of the Ss protein. Slp does not express hemolytic activity and its alpha- chain is not cleaved by C1.
Generalized Parking Functions, Tree Inversions, and Multicolored Graphs

A generalized x-parking function associated to a positive integer vector of the form (a,b,b,.,b) is a sequence (a"1,a"2,.,a"n) of positive integers whose nondecreasing rearrangement b"[email protected]? b"[email protected][email protected]? b"n satisfies b"[email protected]? a+(i-1)b. The set of x-parking functions has the same cardinality as the set of sequences of rooted b-forests on [n]. We construct a bijection between these two sets. We show that the sum enumerator of complements of x-parking functions is identical to the inversion enumerator of sequences of rooted b-forests by generating function analysis. Combinatorial correspondences between the sequences of rooted forests and x-parking functions are also given in terms of depth-first search and breadth-first search on multicolored graphs.
Ozone‐CO correlations determined by the TES satellite instrument in continental outflow regions

Collocated measurements of tropospheric ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard the EOS Aura satellite provide information on O3‐CO correlations to test our understanding of global anthropogenic influence on O3. We examine the global distribution of TES O3‐CO correlations in the middle troposphere (618 hPa) for July 2005 and compare to correlations generated with the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model and with ICARTT aircraft observations over the eastern United States (July 2004). The TES data show significant O3‐CO correlations downwind of polluted continents, with dO3/dCO enhancement ratios in the range 0.4–1.0 mol mol−1 and consistent with ICARTT data. The GEOS‐Chem model reproduces the O3‐CO enhancement ratios observed in continental outflow, but model correlations are stronger and more extensive. We show that the discrepancy can be explained by spectral measurement errors in the TES data. These errors will decrease in future data releases, which should enable TES to provide better information on O3‐CO correlations.
Original Contribution Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Relation to Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Survival in the EPIC Cohort

David C. Muller*, Anouar Fanidi, Øivind Midttun, Annika Steffen, Laure Dossus, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Gianluca Severi, Tilman Kühn, Verena Katzke, Ramón Alonso de la Torre, Carlos A. González, María-José Sánchez, Miren Dorronsoro, Carmen Santiuste, Aurelio Barricarte, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Ruth C. Travis, Antonia Trichopoulou, Maria Giotaki, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Domenico Palli, Vittorio Krogh, Rosario Tumino, Paolo Vineis, Salvatore Panico, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Petra H. Peeters, Börje Ljungberg, Maria Wennberg, Elisabete Weiderpass, Neil Murphy, Elio Riboli, Per Magne Ueland, Heiner Boeing, Paul Brennan, and Mattias Johansson*
The Influence of Experience, Ability and Interest on e-Learning Effectiveness

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a research conducted to evaluate the effect of learning preconceptions, prior e-learning experience, ability and interest of students on their perceptions regarding the process of e-learning. We study the effectiveness of e-learning as it relates to the level of e-learning experience. The participants came from two courses: Software business course at Tamk University of Applied Sciences in Tampere, Finland, and e-learning Professional course at Open University in United Kingdom. We use a quantitative and a qualitative research approach to interpret the results of this research study. The results imply that there are significant differences between the two groups regarding their perceptions of the effectiveness of e-learning. We provide specific recommendations for the practitioners, discuss the implications for educators, and provide suggestions for further research on e-learning.