Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Mathematical Thinking And Achievements In Mathematics Among Secondary School Students Of Nwfp Pakistan

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mathematical thinking and achievement in mathematics in the 9th grade scientific stream students in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan which was renamed as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by the parliament of Pakistan through 18th constitutional amendment in 2009.In addition, this study also investigated the gender, school sector, and school location differences in mathematical thinking and mathematics achievement.Besides, this study also investigated the interaction between gender and school location, gender and sector, sector and location, in relation to mathematical thinking and achievement. Further, this study examined conceptions of teachers about mathematical thinking and any inconsistencies between the teachers’ opinions about the aspects of mathematical thinking in terms of level of importance, level of difficulty and the results derived from the quantitative analyses of the student answers to the mathematical thinking test. In relation to the student interviews, the study also aimed to identify popular strategies used by students to arrive at solutions, question understanding, their perceptions about difficulty level of aspects of mathematical thinking and to differentiate between the thinking skills they used and to ascertain their attitude towards optimal solutions like checking their solutions. To achieve the above mentioned objectives, a model of mathematical thinking was first developed representing the best possible six aspects of mathematical thinking relevant to the curriculum of grade 9 in Pakistan with the help of experts and practising teachers.A test of mathematical thinking was developed based on this model to measure mathematical thinking of the students.Besides a test of mathematics achievement with items taken from textbook of grade 9 and two interviews (one for teachers and one for students) were also conducted for data collection.Quantitative data was analyzed using t-test, Anova and regression analysis.Similarly qualitative data from interviews was analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.Main findings of the study showed that mathematical thinking was moderately related to mathematics achievement with proofs as the most correlated aspect.The study further showed that male students outperformed their female counterparts. In the same way, the students of the private schools scored significantly better than the students of public schools in all aspects of mathematical thinking and mathematics achievement. Teachers’ interview revealed that problem solving, induction, deduction, logical thinking, proofs and optimal solution were the most important aspects of mathematical thinking with proofs as the most difficult and generalization as the easiest aspects.Teachers expressed their opinions that student-centered teaching was the effective way in teaching of mathematics.
Theoretically Supported Scalable FETI for Numerical Solution of Variational Inequalities

The FETI method with a natural coarse grid is combined with recently proposed optimal algorithms for the solution of bound and/or equality constrained quadratic programming problems in order to develop a scalable solver for elliptic boundary variational inequalities such as those describing equilibrium of a system of bodies in mutual contact. A discretized model problem is first reduced by the duality theory of convex optimization to the quadratic programming problem with bound and equality constraints. The latter is then modified by means of orthogonal projectors to the natural coarse grid introduced by Farhat, Mandel and Roux. Finally the classical results on linear scalability for linear problems are extended to boundary variational inequalities. The results are validated by numerical experiments. The experiments also confirm that the algorithm enjoys the same parallel scalability as its linear counterpart.
Temporal Variability of Pesticide Concentrations in Homes and Implications for Attenuation Bias in Epidemiologic Studies

Background: Residential pesticide exposure has been linked to adverse health outcomes in adults and children. High-quality exposure estimates are critical for confirming these associations. Past epidemiologic studies have used one measurement of pesticide concentrations in carpet dust to characterize an individual’s average long-term exposure. If concentrations vary over time, this approach could substantially misclassify exposure and attenuate risk estimates. Objectives: We assessed the repeatability of pesticide concentrations in carpet dust samples and the potential attenuation bias in epidemiologic studies relying on one sample. Methods: We collected repeated carpet dust samples (median = 3; range, 1–7) from 21 homes in Fresno County, California, during 2003–2005. Dust was analyzed for 13 pesticides using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We used mixed-effects models to estimate between- and within-home variance. For each pesticide, we computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the estimated attenuation of regression coefficients in a hypothetical case–control study collecting a single dust sample. Results: The median ICC was 0.73 (range, 0.37–0.95), demonstrating higher between-home than within-home variability for most pesticides. The expected magnitude of attenuation bias associated with using a single dust sample was estimated to be ≤ 30% for 7 of the 13 compounds evaluated. Conclusions: For several pesticides studied, use of one dust sample to represent an exposure period of approximately 2 years would not be expected to substantially attenuate odds ratios. Further study is needed to determine if our findings hold for longer exposure periods and for other pesticides.
Type of Reinforcer, Problem-Solving Set, and Awareness in Verbal Conditioning

Research on awareness and performance in verbal operant conditioning has yielded considerable data. Centering on cognitive and noncognitive approaches to verbal conditioning (Greenspoon & Brownstein, 1967; Spielberger & de Nike, 1966), researchers have investigated the role of many influential variables, such as attitude toward reinforcement (Spielberger, Levin, & Shepard, 1962); need for social approval and motivation to receive reinforcement (Spielberger, Berger, & Howard, 1963); informative and incentive values of the reinforcing stimulus (Spielberger, Bernstein, & Ratliff, 1966); types of reinforcers (Koffer, Coulson, & Hammond, 1976; Simkins, 1963; Spielberger, Ratliff & Bernstein, 1966); and different conditioning tasks (Lanyon, 1964; Sidowski, 1954; De Nike, 1964; Yoshida, 1975). The controversy about the necessity of awareness for conditioning which also pervaded some experiments in human classical conditioning (Dawson & Furedy, 1976), has sometimes overshadowed the need for unconfounded experimental manipulation and more refined measures. For example, Kennedy (1971) shed a new light on the data when he showed that subjects' performance began to increase before full awareness of the contingencies. This was done by assessing subjects'
FSH secretion predominates in vivo and in vitro in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

OBJECTIVE Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are characterised by the lack of symptoms of hormone hypersecretory syndromes but in vitro studies have demonstrated that tumour cells may stain for gonadotrophins and/or their alpha- or beta-subunits. In this study, we aimed to examine the pattern of secretion of LH and FSH from a series of pituitary adenomas cultured in vitro and where data were available to relate the results to pre-operative serum gonadotrophin levels. METHODS The in vitro secretion of LH and FSH was measured from 46 cultured NFPAs and compared with pre-operative serum gonadotrophin levels in 38 patients. Peritumorous 'normal' pituitary cell cultures from 20 additional pituitary tumour patients were used for comparison with the NFPA group. RESULTS A median pre-operative LH:FSH ratio of 0.33:1 was found in 38 patients with NFPAs. Preferential secretion of FSH was also documented from media of 46 NFPAs cultured in vitro with a median LH:FSH ratio of 0.32:1. A significant correlation (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) was observed between serum and media levels of FSH but not LH. Peritumorous 'normal' pituitary cells released LH and FSH in a reversed ratio (median LH:FSH ratio = 3.6:1, P < 0.01 compared with NFPAs). CONCLUSIONS This study has evaluated pre-operative serum gonadotrophin levels and in vitro release of hormones in cultures of surgically removed tissue from patients with NFPAs. The data suggest preferential secretion of FSH occurs both in vitro and in vivo. By demonstrating that NFPAs cultured in vitro reflect the in vivo situation of preferential secretion of FSH, it may be possible in future to perform functional studies using this system to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of an imbalance in gonadotroph cells preferentially overproducing FSH in NFPAs.
Proliferation (MIB-1 Expression) in Oligodendrogliomas: Assessment of Quantitative Methods and Prognostic Significance

Expression of to nuclear antigen Ki-67 (MIB-1) has been linked to proliferative activity and prognosis in a variety of tumors. The authors assessed three techniques for quantitating MIB-1 (expression in oligodendrogliomas, correlating results with mitotic activity and prognosis. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 38 oligodendrogliomas were immunostained using monoclonal MIB-l. Proliferation index (PI) was quantitated by visual estimation, CAS-200, and AC1S image analysis. MIB-1 expression and mitotic count were correlated with overall survival and recurrence (disease-free survival), defined clinically and radiographically as new tumor growth. Mean follow-up was 54 months (range 1–276). Mean PI quantitated by the three methods was statistically similar (Visual 10.5%, CAS-200, 12.2%, CAIS 11.2%). PI results by all three techniques correlated significantly with each other; visual and CAS-200 PI correlated with mitotic index. Overall and disease-free survivals were similar for patients with PIs above and below the mean by both image cytometric assays; visually estimated PIs below the mean, versus above the mean, correlated with improved disease-free survival. The authors show a significant correlation between MIB-1 PI using the visual method and recurrence in patients with oligodendrogliomas. The objectivity and speed of the image analysis systems make them an attractive alternative to visual estimation, and larger series should be analyzed for prognostic value.
An evolutionary route to xylanase process fitness

Directed evolution technologies were used to selectively improve the stability of an enzyme without compromising its catalytic activity. In particular, this article describes the tandem use of two evolution strategies to evolve a xylanase, rendering it tolerant to temperatures in excess of 90°C. A library of all possible 19 amino acid substitutions at each residue position was generated and screened for activity after a temperature challenge. Nine single amino acid residue changes were identified that enhanced thermostability. All 512 possible combinatorial variants of the nine mutations were then generated and screened for improved thermal tolerance under stringent conditions. The screen yielded eleven variants with substantially improved thermal tolerance. Denaturation temperature transition midpoints were increased from 61°C to as high as 96°C. The use of two evolution strategies in combination enabled the rapid discovery of the enzyme variant with the highest degree of fitness (greater thermal tolerance and activity relative to the wild‐type parent).
GENETICS OF PSORIASIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

It is well established that psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a strong genetic component. Recent advances in genetics have confirmed previous associations and new loci have been discovered. However, these loci do not fully account for the high heritability of psoriasis and PsA and therefore many genetic as well as environmental factors remain to be identified. This paper reviews the current status of genetic studies in psoriasis and PsA.
Sexuality and romantic relationships: investigating the relation between attachment style and sexual satisfaction

ABSTRACT Attachment theories have recently been applied to adult romantic relationships, and more specifically, sexuality within these relationships. However, few studies have examined the influence of attachment-related avoidance and anxiety on sexual communication, gender role ideology, sexual satisfaction or the relations between these constructs. Men (n = 106) and women (n = 349) undergraduate students and young adults from the community completed an online questionnaire measuring attachment style, sexual communication, gender role ideology, and sexual satisfaction. Multiple mediation and path analyses showed several interrelations between these variables among women. Additionally, gender role ideology and sexual communication together were found to totally mediate the relation between attachment-related anxiety and sexual satisfaction in women. Sexual communication partially mediated the relation between attachment-related avoidance and sexual satisfaction in women. Among men, the only significant finding was that attachment-related anxiety and avoidance were related to lower sexual communication. These results indicate that there is disparity in sexual communication, gender role ideology, and sexual satisfaction among individuals with differing attachment orientations and that these effects may be more prominent in women than men.
Reframing the Armenian question in Turkey : news discourse and narratives of the past and present

The problematical notion of the ‘Armenian question’ has become a political and linguistic tool for the official genocide denial ever since the foundation of the Turkish Republic, and has come to stand for the controversy that exists around the denial and recognition of the Armenian Genocide at both national and international levels. This research explores how the ‘Armenian question’ in Turkey opens up a discursive space in which various forms of Turkish nationalism are constructed and reproduced, and addresses multifaceted narratives from members of the Armenian community. By employing this term I aim to challenge the attempt to decontextualize collective acts of violence against Armenians, restricting them to the period of the Ottoman Empire, and indicate how this issue goes far beyond the politics of genocide. The objective of my research is to point out particular production and consumption phases of the Armenian question in Turkey. The production side focuses on three national newspapers in order to unveil overlapping and divergent discursive strategies in their coverage of three recent incidents, namely the assassination of Hrant Dink, the murder of Sevag Balikci, and the public protest against the Khojaly Massacre. In contrast, the consumption side embraces the perceptions and experiences of particular members of the Armenian community in Istanbul with respect to past and present occurrences. This research thus uncovers consistencies and contradictions between news discourse and the responses of the Armenian interviewees concerning three particular events and sheds light on the asymmetrical production and consumption patterns of the Armenian question in Turkey. Drawing on data from both a critical discourse analysis of three cases in three Turkish national newspapers and forty-five semi-structured interviews with Armenians, this qualitative study seeks to contribute to the growing body of research on the Armenian question and Turkish nationalism.
Weight Reduction Effect of Puerh Tea in Male Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Puerh tea has been proposed to promote weight loss and favorably modify glucose, insulin and blood lipids. This study tested the effect of daily Puerh tea consumption for 3 months on weight and body mass index (BMI), and select metabolic parameters. The effect of daily Puerh tea intake on weight, BMI and changes in glucose, HbA1c and lipids was evaluated in patients with metabolic syndrome. The patients (N = 70) were randomized into two groups: those taking Puerh tea extract capsule (333 mg Puerh tea extract) three times a day and those taking a placebo tea for 3 months. There was a decrease in body weight of 1.3 kg in the Puerh tea group (p = 0.077) versus 0.23 kg in the placebo arm (p = 0.186). There was also a slight decrease in BMI 0.47 kg/m2 in the Puerh tea group (p = 0.076) versus 0.09 kg/m2 in the placebo arm (p = 0.185), suggesting a trend of weight change, but without statistical significance. Subgroup analysis of the male patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in body weight reduction (p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.004). However, the change in other metabolic parameters (cholesterol or triglyceride) or HbA1c was not statistically significant. Intake of Puerh tea for 3 months was associated with a slight reduction in body weight and BMI, especially in the male patients. Therefore, daily Puerh tea consumption may be an alternative choice to modify body weight. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravitational Evidence for a Low-Density Mass beneath the Gal�pagos Islands

A residual negative free-air and Bouguer anomaly of at least 80 milligals, superimposed on a broader high, occurs over the Gal�pagos Islands The axis of the anomaly trends roughly east and plunges eastward. Thus, a low-density mass in the crust or upper mantle must underlie the archipelago. This anomaly may be caused by thermal expansion over a crust-mantle " hot spot".
Nab2p and the Thp1p-Sac3p Complex Functionally Interact at the Interface between Transcription and mRNA Metabolism*

THP1 is a conserved eukaryotic gene whose null mutations confer, in yeast, transcription and genetic instability phenotypes and RNA export defects similar to those of the THO/TREX complex null mutations. In a search for multicopy suppressors of the transcription defect of thp1Δ cells, we identified the poly(A)+ RNA-binding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Nab2p. Multicopy NAB2 also suppressed the RNA export defect of thp1Δ cells. This result suggests a functional relationship between Thp1p and Nab2p. Consistently, the leaky mutation nab2-1 conferred a transcription defect and hyper-recombination phenotype similar to those of thp1Δ, although to a minor degree. Reciprocally, a purified His6-tagged Thp1p fusion bound RNA in vitro. In a different approach, we show by Western analyses that a highly purified Thp1p-Sac3p complex does not contain components of THO/TREX and that sac3Δ confers a transcription defect and hyper-recombination phenotype identical to those of thp1Δ. mRNA degradation was not affected in thp1Δ mutants, implying that their expression defects are not due to mRNA decay. This indicates that Thp1p-Sac3p is a structural and functional unit. Altogether, our results suggest that Thp1p-Sac3p and Nab2p are functionally related heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins that define a further link between mRNA metabolism and transcription.
REJUVENATING THE MATTER POWER SPECTRUM: RESTORING INFORMATION WITH A LOGARITHMIC DENSITY MAPPING

We find that nonlinearities in the dark matter power spectrum are dramatically smaller if the density field first undergoes a logarithmic mapping. In the Millennium simulation, this procedure gives a power spectrum with a shape hardly departing from the linear power spectrum for k ≲ 1 h Mpc−1 at all redshifts. Also, this procedure unveils pristine Fisher information on a range of scales reaching a factor of 2–3 smaller than in the standard power spectrum, yielding 10 times more cumulative signal to noise at z = 0.
Eating disorder behaviors, strength of faith, and values in late adolescents and emerging adults : an exploration of associations

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Overview . 1 Rationale . 2 Background . 4 Research Questions . 5 Delimitations . 6 Definitions. 7 Adolescents and Emerging Adults . 7 Eating Disorder behaviors: . 7 Strength of faith. 8 Schwartz Values Inventory . 8 Implicit Association Test: . 9 Researcher’s Perspective . 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 Risk, Resilience, Adolescents, and Eating Disorders . 12 Late Adolescents/Emerging Adults . 14 Eating Disorders and Adolescents . 16 Developmental Perspectives . 18 Biopsychosocial Model . 22 Sociocultural Contributions . 24 Risk, Resilience and Religion . 27 What is Risk and Resilience? 30 Risk, Resilience, Religion . 30 History of Food, Body, and Religion . 35 Religious Teachings . 35 Existing Research on Eating Disorders, Religion, and Values . 44 Adolescents, Eating Disorders, Religion . 44 CHAPTER THREE: METHOD . 46 Methodological Overview . 46 Participants . 48 Measures . 47 Eating Attitudes Test26 (EAT-26). 48 Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF) . 49 Schwartz Value Inventory (SVI) . 50 Implicit Association Test (IAT): Openness and Conservation . 52 Qualitative Question: Open-Ended Responses . 54 Procedure . 54 Treatment of the Data . 55 Analysis . 56 Additional Explorations . 58
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with a reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus that developed in the course of chemotherapy of multiple myeloma

A 70‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed with multiple myeloma underwent chemotherapy. Three months after beginning chemotherapy, she was readmitted to the hospital because of fever and hepatopathy. Her elevated Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antibody levels showed that the hepatopathy was caused by reactivation of EBV. On the 18th hospital day, the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 451 mg/dL) and pancreatic enzymes were suddenly elevated. Elevation of HbA1c level (6.4%) was slight, as compared with that of the FPG level. Arterial blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis was suspected. The serum C‐peptide level was below the detectable limit both before and after glucagon load, thereby suggesting an insulin‐dependent state. These features were identical to the features for fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. The levels of EBV anti‐viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin M decreased, and the clinical course was identical to that associated with reactivation of EBV infection. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040.1124.2010.00061.x, 2010)
Social Media Use during Japan's 2011 Earthquake: How Twitter Transforms the Locus of Crisis Communication

This article explores social media use during Japan's 2011 earthquake. In the era of social media, this earthquake provides an opportunity for analysing the role of communication during a crisis. To explain how social media use transforms the locus of crisis communication, we collected sufficient data on tweets in Japan from the Twitter public timeline during the earthquake and examined the Japanese government's Twitter account and its URLs. The results indicate that crisis communication on Twitter was led by peer-to-peer communication and relied on peer-generated information. In addition, the government's traditional leadership role in exercising tight control over crises and facilitating disaster communication was not clearly apparent on Twitter. By examining the shift in the locus of crisis communication through social media, this study provides new insights into the current use of social media.