Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A R T I C L E I N F O

Porous polymer monolithic columns with gold nanoparticles as an intermediate ligand for the separation of proteins in reverse phase-ion exchange mixed mode A B S T R A C T A new approach has been developed for the preparation of mixed-mode stationary phases to separate proteins. The pore surface of monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns was functionalized with thiols and coated with gold nanoparticles. The final mixed mode surface chemistry was formed by attaching, in a single step, alkanethiols, mercaptoalkanoic acids, and their mixtures on the free surface of attached gold nanoparticles. Use of these mixtures allowed fine tuning of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. The amount of attached gold nanoparticles according to thermal gravimetric analysis was 44.8 wt. %. This value together with results of frontal elution enabled calculation of surface coverage with the alkanethiol and mercaptoalkanoic acid ligands. Interestingly, alkanethiols coverage in a range of 4.46–4.51 molecules/nm 2 significantly exceeded that of mercaptoalkanoic acids with 2.39–2.45 molecules/nm 2. The mixed mode character of these monolithic stationary phases was for the first time demonstrated in the separations of proteins that could be achieved in the same column using gradient elution conditions typical of reverse phase (using gradient of acetonitrile in water) and ion exchange chromatographic modes (applying gradient of salt in water), respectively. ª 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.
Trust and Loyalty : A Cross-Cultural Comparison

This research examines how website trust differs across cultures (using a four-country sample that includes Canada, the U.S., Germany, and Japan). More specifically, the research looks at institutional-based trust (McKnight et al, 2002) and addresses: (1) how consumer attitudes towards security, privacy, legitimacy of the online vendor, and quality assurance differ across cultures in the context of e-commerce, (2) how consumer attitudes affect website trust (3) how website trust and e-loyalty (the latter defined as intent to return to the site to purchase) differ across cultures, and (4) how website trust results in e-loyalty. Implications of the research are relevant for academics and practitioners who seek empirical understanding of how to better address cultural issues related to website trust. A review of the literature is presented, including hypotheses for testing. Preliminary results are presented. General Terms Management, Trust, Experimentation
Should We Take a Closer Look? Extending Switching Theories from Singular Products to Complex Ecosystem Structures

While previous research on software ecosystems (SECO) mostly focused on SECO providers or software developers, recent studies have begun to analyze the user perspective and try to explain switching behavior. However, SECOs are complex and consist of several components. Since current switching theories do not fully account for these complex structures, these need to be adapted. We expand the push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework to account for SECO components so as to obtain a more fine-grained understanding of why users decide to switch SECOs. We find that users' switching decisions are primarily governed by pull factors, while mooring and push factors also have significant but smaller impacts. Individual SECO components show differential impacts across all PPM constructs, which should be considered by researchers and practitioners. Beyond SECOs, we seek to break new ground for technology switching and ( post-)adoption models to consider complex interactions between different systems and their components.
The International Academic Profession: Portraits of Fourteen Countries. Special Report.

The Academic Profession in International Perspective(Philip G. Altbach and Lionel S. Lewis). AUSTRALIA. The Australian Academic Profession(Barry A. Sheehan and Anthony R. Welch). ASIA. The Academic Profession in Korea(Sungho H. Lee). The Academic Profession in Japan(Akira Arimoto). The Future of the Hong Kong Academic Profession(Gerard A. Postiglione). LATIN AMERICA. The Academic Profession in Brazil(Simon Schwartzmann and Elizabeth Balbachevsky). The Chilean Academic Profession: Six Policy Issues(Ernesto Schiefelbein). The Mexican Academic Profession(Manuel Gil Anton). THE UNITED STATES. The American Academic Profession(J. Eugene Haas). EUROPE. he Academic Profession in England on the Eve of Structural Reform(Oliver Fulton). The Academic Profession in Germany(Jurgen Enders and Ulrich Teichler). The Dutch Professoriate(Peter A. Geurts, Peter A. M. Maassen, and Frans A. van Vught). The Academic Profession in Sweden(Goran Blomqvist, Hans Jalling, and Karsten Lundeqvist). The Academic Profession in Russia(Brian L. Levin-Stavenkevich and Alexander Savelyev). ISRAEL. The Academic Profession in Israel: Continuity and Transformation(Michael Chen, Esther E. Gottleib, and Ruth Yakir)
Integrating the Science of Consciousness and Anesthesia

The nature and mechanism of human consciousness is emerging as one of the most important scientific and philosophical questions of the 21st century. Disregarded as a subject of serious inquiry throughout most of the 20th century, it has now regained legitimacy as a scientific endeavor. The investigation of consciousness and the mechanisms of general anesthesia have begun to converge. In the present article I provide an introduction to the study of consciousness, describe the neural correlates of consciousness that may be targets of general anesthetics, and suggest an integrated approach to the science of consciousness and anesthesia.
Discrimination of speech and non-linguistic vocalizations by Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

We introduce features based on Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) for discrimination of speech and non-linguistic vocalizations such as laughter or breathing, which is a crucial task in recognition of spontaneous speech. NMF has been successfully used in speech-related tasks such as de-noising and speaker separation. While existing approaches use it as a preprocessing step for conventional speech recognizers, we aim at directly classifying the output of the NMF algorithm. To this end, we propose a feature extraction procedure based on a supervised variant of NMF, considering two different algorithms. Applying our approach to a spontaneous speech corpus, we show that addition of NMF features to an MFCC-based classifier increases mean recall of speech and non-linguistic vocalizations by over 2.5% absolute, and particularly recall of laughter by 6.6% absolute. The improvement is significant at a level of 0.4 %.
TEXT S1: SIMULATION OF THE NETWORK Layout of the network used for the simulations Similar as in the analytical treatment, in the numerical simulation receptor and local neuron

Similar as in the analytical treatment, in the numerical simulation receptor and local neuron levels are combined into the response of the local neurons. For the numerical model three local neurons were used on each side as inputs to the central neurons (Fig. S1) to better match the experimentally observed voltage traces spiking behavior of the central neurons. In order to model the response of the LNs, the sound amplitude is transformed by a sigmoidal nonlinearity to the input current of an exponential integrateand-fire neuron (EIF). After the transformation, a noise current is added to the input to the EIF. A pair of directionally sensitive ascending neurons (ANdir) was simulated. The input to each of these is provided by three local neurons from each side (Fig. S1) and these connections are either excitatory, if the stem from the ipsilateral LNs or inhibitory, if their origin is contralateral. All LNs were simulated separately and independent noise was added to their inputs. Inhibitory and excitatory neurons were simulated using the same set of parameters; the only difference between them constitutes their postsynaptic effect.
COLOR BIMODALITY IN M87 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

We present an analysis of a 50 orbit Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) observation of the M87 globular cluster system. We use the extraordinary depth of this data set to test whether the colors and magnitudes show evidence for a mass–metallicity relation in globular cluster populations. We find only a weak or absent relation between the colors and magnitudes of the metal-poor subpopulation of globular clusters. The weakness or absence of a color–magnitude relation is established over a wide range of luminosity from MV = −11 to MV = −6, encompassing most of the M87 globular clusters. The constancy of the colors of the metal-poor subpopulation seen in our 50 orbit observation is in contrast to suggestions from single orbit ACS data that the metal-poor globular clusters in M87 and several other galaxies show a “blue tilt. ” The formal best fit for the mass–metallicity relation for the metal-poor subpopulation in our much deeper data is Z ∝ M0.08±0.05. Our analysis of these data also shows a possible small “red tilt” in the metal-rich globular cluster subpopulation. While either of these small tilts may be real, they may also illustrate the limit to which mass–metallicity relations can be determined, even in such extraordinarily deep data. We specifically test for a wide range of systematic effects and find that while small tilts cannot be confirmed or rejected, the data place a strong upper limit to any tilt of |0.20| ± 0.05. This upper limit is much smaller than some earlier claims from single orbit data, and strongly limits self-enrichment within globular clusters. This mass–metallicity relation for globular clusters is also shallower than the relation for galaxies, suggesting that the formation mechanisms for these two types of objects are different.
Gray-Box Optimization using the Parameter-less Population Pyramid

Unlike black-box optimization problems, gray-box optimization problems have known, limited, non-linear relationships between variables. Though more restrictive, gray-box problems include many real-world applications in network security, computational biology, VLSI design, and statistical physics. Leveraging these restrictions, the Hamming-Ball Hill Climber (HBHC) can efficiently find high quality local optima. We show how 1) a simple memetic algorithm in conjunction with HBHC can find global optima for some gray-box problems and 2) a gray-box version of the Parameter-less Population Pyramid (P3), utilizing both the HBHC and the known information about variable relationships, outperforms all of the examined algorithms. While HBHC's inclusion into P3 adds a parameter, we show experimentally it can be fixed to 1 without adversely effecting search. We provide experimental evidence on NKq-Landscapes and Ising Spin Glasses that Gray-Box P3 is effective at finding the global optima even for problems with thousands of variables. This capability is complemented by its efficiency, with running time and memory usage decreased by up to a linear factor from Black-Box P3. On NKq this results in a 375x speedup for problems with at least 1,000 variables.
Getting More Out Of Syntax with PropS

Semantic NLP applications often rely on dependency trees to recognize major elements of the proposition structure of sentences. Yet, while much semantic structure is indeed expressed by syntax, many phenomena are not easily read out of dependency trees, often leading to further ad-hoc heuristic post-processing or to information loss. To directly address the needs of semantic applications, we present PropS -- an output representation designed to explicitly and uniformly express much of the proposition structure which is implied from syntax, and an associated tool for extracting it from dependency trees.
Monetary Policy, Exchange Rate Flexibility and Exchange Rate Pass-through *

This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy to investigate alternative monetary rules, differing primarily in the degree to which they allow for exchange rate flexibility. A central argument of the paper is that the nature of the trade-off betweenfixed' andfloating' exchange rates may be quite different in mature industrial economies than in emerging market economies. The critical distinction is the degree to which movements in the exchange rate pass- through to domestic consumer prices. With very high exchange rate pass-through, all monetary rules face a significant trade-off between output (or consumption) volatility and the volatility of inflation. Policies which stabilize output require high exchange rate volatility which implies high inflation volatility. But with limited or delayed pass- through, this trade-off is much less pronounced. A flexible exchange rate policy which stabilizes output can do so without high inflation volatility. In addition, we argue that the best monetary policy rule in an open economy is one which stabilizes non-traded goods price inflation. Finally, we show that a policy of strict inflation targeting is much more desirable in an economy with limited pass-through.
Task repetition and the public performance of speaking tasks in EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school

Abstract This study investigated the occurrence of language-related episodes (LREs) in interactive tasks performed by pairs of Vietnamese English Foreign Language (EFL) learners and the extent to which linguistic knowledge targeted in these LREs was transferred to subsequent public performance (PP) of the same tasks in front of the class. Task performance data was collected from 24 pairs of learners from six intact grade 11 EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school as they carried out two interactive speaking tasks in consecutive weeks, first privately in pairs and then, within the same lesson, publically in front of the class. Teachers and learners were also interviewed. Results showed LREs to be frequent in task rehearsals. The majority of LREs were resolved correctly by the learners and led to more accurate use of the targeted linguistic items in subsequent public performance. The results and supporting interview data shows how, in this school, the practice of asking learners to repeat the performance of tasks in front of the class positively affected learner engagement and enriched the language learning opportunities available through interactive oral tasks.
Estimating Returns to Education Using a New Sample of UK Twins

We use a new sample of UK female identical twins to estimate economic returns to education. We use identical twins to control for family effects and ability bias (due to genes) and the education reported by the other twin to control for schooling measurement error. We also investigate the within-twin pair and within family correlations with observable correlates of ability. Our estimates suggest a return to schooling for females of about 7.7%. Contact address: Jonathan Haskel, Economics, QMW, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England; j.e. haskel@qmw.ac.uk, <www.qmw.ac.uk/~ugte153>. We thank the DfEE and the ESRC for financial support. We are of course solely responsible for the views, opinions and errors in this paper.
A ONE‐RESOURCE “STOICHIOMETRY”?

Biddanda, B. , M. Ogdahl, and J. Cotner. 2001. Dominance of bacterial metabolism in oligotrophic relative to eutrophic waters. Limnoldgy and Oceanography 46:730-739. Brown, J. H. , J. E Gillooly, A. P. Allen, V. M. Savage, and G. B. West. 2004. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85:1771-1789. Chen, X. , and B. -L. Li. 2003. Testing the allometric scaling relationships with seedlings of two tree species. Acta Oecologica 24:125-129. Damuth, J. 1993. Cope's rule, the island rule and the scaling of mammalian population density. Nature 365:748-750. Dodds, P. S. , D. H. Rothman, and J. S. Weitz. 2001. Reexamination of the "3/4-law" of metabolism. Journal of Theoretical Biology 209:9-27. Gorshkov, V.G. , V. V. Gorshkov, and A. M. Makarieva. 2000. Biotic regulation of the environment: key issue of global change. Springer-Verlag, London, UK. Lal, R. 1990. Soil erosion and land degradation: the global risks. Pages 129-172 in R. Lal and B. A. Stewart, editors. Advances in soil science. Volume 11. Soil degradation. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York. Li, W. K. W. 2002. Macroecological patterns of phytoplankton in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 419:
Epigenetic analysis of regulatory T cells using multiplex bisulfite sequencing

This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Grant 096388, JDRF Grant 9-2011-253, the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Award P01AI039671 (to LSW. and JAT.) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). CW is supported by the Wellcome Trust (089989). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIAID or the National Institutes of Health. The Cambridge Institute for Medical Research is in receipt of Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 100140. We gratefully acknowledge the participation of all NIHR Cambridge BioResource volunteers. We thank the Cambridge BioResource staff for their help with volunteer recruitment. We thank members of the Cambridge BioResource SAB and Management Committee for their support of our study and the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre for funding. We thank Fay Rodger and Ruth Littleboy for running the Illumina MiSeq in the Molecular Genetics Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. This research was supported by the Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub. In particular, we wish to thank Anna Petrunkina Harrison, Simon McCallum, Christopher Bowman, Natalia Savinykh, Esther Perez and Jelena Markovic Djuric for their advice and support in cell sorting. We also thank Helen Stevens, Pamela Clarke, Gillian Coleman, Sarah Dawson, Jennifer Denesha, Simon Duley, Meeta Maisuria-Armer and Trupti Mistry for acquisition and preparation of samples.
Ethical Leadership: The Soul of Policy Making

Policy making is a vital facet of any organization and has a direct effect on the amount of trust the stakeholders have in the organization. A major player in policy making is the leader, including the leader's assigned role and personal agenda. Therefore, the influence the leader has on policy making is an aspect worth examining. The proposition presented is that if trustworthy policy is the desired outcome, then ethical leadership is the critical element. Considering the complexity of policy making and the extensive writings which address the myriad aspects of this organiza­ tional function, the statement that the essence, or soul, of policy making is ethical leadership appears, on the surface, to be simplistic if not naive. The significance of leadership in policy making will be examined using the metaphorical framework of the body, its inherent dependence on the heart for life, and its requirement of a soul for virtuous direction. Organizations, as we know them, cannot exist without policy and policy­ makers. Using the images of the body, heart, and soul highlights the paramount importance and interdependence of each of these elements to the organization as a whole. Both the body and policy making are dependent on the correct contribution of all their parts if they are to function properly. Each body has a heart which supplies the essential
A highly efficient tumor-infiltrating MDSC differentiation system for discovery of anti-neoplastic targets, which circumvents the need for tumor establishment in mice

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exhibit potent immunosuppressive activities in cancer. MDSCs infiltrate tumors and strongly inhibit cancer-specific cytotoxic T cells. Their mechanism of differentiation and identification of MDSC-specific therapeutic targets are major areas of interest. We have devised a highly efficient and rapid method to produce very large numbers of melanoma-infiltrating MDSCs ex vivo without inducing tumors in mice. These MDSCs were used to study their differentiation, immunosuppressive activities and were compared to non-neoplastic counterparts and conventional dendritic cells using unbiased systems biology approaches. Differentially activated/deactivated pathways caused by cell type differences and by the melanoma tumor environment were identified. MDSCs increased the expression of trafficking receptors to sites of inflammation, endocytosis, changed lipid metabolism, and up-regulated detoxification pathways such as the expression of P450 reductase. These studies uncovered more than 60 potential novel therapeutic targets. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that P450 reductase is the target of pro-drugs such as Paclitaxel, which depletes MDSCs following chemotherapy in animal models of melanoma and in human patients. Conversely, P450 reductase protects MDSCs against the cytotoxic actions of other chemotherapy drugs such as Irinotecan, which is ineffective for the treatment of melanoma.
Quality of life in patients with leg ulcers or skin lesions – a pilot study

Introduction Attempts to determine the quality of life are advisable in patients with ulcers as the group affected with this problem is relatively large. According to one Polish randomized trial, approximately 0.3–2% of the adult population suffers from active or healed venous ulcers. Aim To compare the quality of life of patients with leg ulcers of venous and arterial etiology and those with lower limb skin lesions due to chronic venous insufficiency. Material and methods This study included 90 consecutive patients with ulcers of venous (n = 30) or arterial etiology (n = 30), or patients with trophic disorders of the skin associated with chronic venous insufficiency (n = 30) treated at the Venous Ulceration Outpatient Clinic and at the Department and Clinic of General Surgery, Dr. J. Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, in Bydgoszcz. This study was designed as a questionnaire survey and included the Skindex-29 instrument for the assessment of quality of life in patients with dermatological conditions. Results Overall, the global Skinndex-29 scores of all studied participants ranged between 37 and 136 points, 23.93 points on average. The analyzed groups of patients differed significantly with respect to the average level of the global quality of life determined using the Skindex-29 questionnaire. Conclusions Significant differences were observed in the global quality of life of patients who suffered from venous or arterial leg ulcers or skin lesions resulting from chronic venous insufficiency.
Outcome Based Education: Its Impact on Program Review and the Evaluation of Learners.

ABSTRACT In March 1991, the College Standards and Accreditation Council (CSAC) Establishment Board, created by Canada's Minister of Education, proposed wide-ranging reforms for college education and training. This paper reviews some of the ways in which Algonquin College (AC), in Ontario, is p3anning to interface and articulate with CSAC initiatives to ensure full compliance and retain institutional autonomy. First, the CSAC initiatives are described for Ontario, indicating that they rely on learning outcomes as the basis for the definition of program standards and aim to establish system-wide outcome standards by province to ensure similar outcomes for similar college programs and demonstrate to the public that standards are being met. Next, characteristics of learning outcomes and how they are determined are reviewed, and information is presented on drafting learning outcomes statements. A curriculum model for outcomes-based education is then presented and . sessment and evaluation strategies are discussed, including eight types of instruments or methods. Finally, the province-wide regulations for program review are described and the program review system at AC is detailed, including the use of critical performance indicators, cyclical program evaluation, ongoing program appraisal, program review, and the program review report. (KP)