Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torque Control of IPMSM in the Field-Weakening Region With Improved DC-Link Voltage Utilization

In the field weakening region, the voltage is utilized to the maximum to minimize the current amplitude. In this paper, the hexagonal voltage limit is considered to increase the voltage and to decrease the current, as a result to reduce the copper loss. At first, an intersection between the hexagonal voltage limit and torque curve was found. Because the intersection lies on the boundary of the hexagon, the equations of the sides of the hexagon were derived. Since the hexagonal voltage limit rotates in the synchronous reference frame, they are a function of the rotor position. Finally, the voltage angle was calculated from the intersection. To reduce the torque ripple, d-axis current feedback was added to the voltage angle. In the simulation and experiment results, an increase of voltage and a decrease of current were observed. In addition, an improvement of the motor and inverter efficiencies was also achieved.
Video Description with Spatial-Temporal Attention

Temporal attention has been widely used in video description to adaptively focus on important frames. However, most existing methods based on temporal attention suffer from the problems of recognition error and detail missing, because only coarse frame-level global features are employed. Inspired by recent successful work in image description using spatial attention, we propose a spatial-temporal attention (STAT) method to address such problems. In particular, first, we take advantage of object-level local features to address the problem of detail missing. Second, the STAT method further selects relevant local features by spatial attention and then attend to important frames by temporal attention to recognize related semantics. The proposed two-stage attention mechanism can recognize the salient objects more precisely with high recall and automatically focus on the most relevant spatial-temporal segments given the sentence context. Extensive experiments on two well-known benchmarks suggest that STAT method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on MSVD with BLEU4 score 0.511, and achieves superior BLEU4 score 0.374 on MSR-VTT-10K. Compared to the method without local features, the relative improvements derived from our STAT method are 10.1% and 0.8% respectively on two benchmarks. Compared to the method using only temporal attention, the relative improvements derived from our STAT method are 18.3% and 9.0% respectively on two benchmarks.
Reconstruction of Phylogenetic Trees using the Ant Colony Optimization Paradigm

We developed a new approach for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using ant colony optimization metaheuristics. A tree is constructed using a fully connected graph and the problem is approached similarly to the well-known traveling salesman problem. This methodology was used to develop an algorithm for constructing a phylogenetic tree using a pheromone matrix. Two data sets were tested with the algorithm: complete mitochondrial genomes from mammals and DNA sequences of the p53 gene from several eutherians. This new methodology was found to be superior to other well-known softwares, at least for this data set. These results are very promising and suggest more efforts for further developments.
Higher Frequency of T-Cell Response to M. tuberculosis Latency Antigen Rv2628 at the Site of Active Tuberculosis Disease than in Peripheral Blood

Rationale Due to the invasive nature of the procedures involved, most studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific immunity in humans have focused on the periphery rather than the site of active infection, the lung. Recently, antigens associated with Mtb-latency and -dormancy have been described using peripheral blood (PB) cells; however their response in the lung is unknown. The objective of this report was to evaluate, in patients prospectively enrolled with suspected active tuberculosis (TB), whether the latency antigen Rv2628 induces local-specific immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells compared to PB cells. Material/Methods Among the 41 subjects enrolled, 20 resulted with active TB. Among the 21 without active disease, 9 were defined as subjects with latent TB-infection (LTBI) [Quantiferon TB Gold In-tube positive]. Cytokine responses to Rv2628 were evaluated by enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and flow cytometric (FACS) analysis. RD1-secreted antigen stimulation was used as control. Results There was a significantly higher frequency of Rv2628- and RD1-specific CD4+ T-cells in the BAL of active TB patients than in PB. However the trend of the response to Rv2628 in subjects with LTBI was higher than in active TB in both PB and BAL, although this difference was not significant. In active TB, Rv2628 and RD1 induced a cytokine-response profile mainly consisting of interferon (IFN)-γ-single-positive over double-IFN-γ/interleukin (IL)-2 T-cells in both PB and BAL. Finally, BAL-specific CD4+ T-cells were mostly effector memory (EM), while peripheral T-cell phenotypes were distributed among naïve, central memory and terminally differentiated effector memory T-cells. Conclusions In this observational study, we show that there is a high frequency of specific T-cells for Mtb-latency and RD1-secreted antigens (mostly IFN-γ-single-positive specific T-cells with an EM phenotype) in the BAL of active TB patients. These data may be important for better understanding the pathogenesis of TB in the lung.
Value Computations in Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Charitable Decision Making Incorporate Input from Regions Involved in Social Cognition

Little is known about the neural networks supporting value computation during complex social decisions. We investigated this question using functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects made donations to different charities. We found that the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) correlated with the subjective value of voluntary donations. Furthermore, the region of the VMPFC identified showed considerable overlap with regions that have been shown to encode for the value of basic rewards at the time of choice, suggesting that it might serve as a common valuation system during decision making. In addition, functional connectivity analyses indicated that the value signal in VMPFC might integrate inputs from networks, including the anterior insula and posterior superior temporal cortex, that are thought to be involved in social cognition.
Thermal Acclimation, Growth, and Burst Swimming of Threespine Stickleback: Enzymatic Correlates and Influence of Photoperiod

Threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that had been reared in the laboratory under natural photoperiods were acclimated to 23° and 8°C in late spring under increasing day lengths and again in late fall under decreasing day lengths. The parents of these fish were from the anadromous Isle Verte population. In the spring, cold‐ and warm‐acclimated fish grew at the same rates and attained similar condition factors (mass L−3), although food intake was considerably higher at 23°C. As both groups had similar increases in mass and condition, the higher axial muscle activities of citrate synthase and phosphofructokinase (measured at 20°C) after cold acclimation were likely a direct response to temperature. Multiple regression analysis showed that axial muscle levels of cytochrome C oxidase and citrate synthase were correlated with the burst swimming speeds of the spring sticklebacks, while growth rates were positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase levels in pectoral and axial muscles and creatine kinase levels in the axial muscle. In the fall, the fish in both acclimation groups grew little, although they fed at similar rates as in the spring experiment. Overall, the sticklebacks showed lower burst swimming speeds in the fall. In both spring and fall, the burst speeds of cold‐ and warm‐acclimated sticklebacks only differed at warm temperatures. In the spring experiment, the cold‐acclimated fish swam faster, whereas in the fall experiment the warm‐acclimated fish swam faster despite their lower percentage of axial muscle. Swimming speeds were measured both at a fish’s acclimation temperature and after 12 h at the other temperature. Cold‐acclimated sticklebacks seem to have more facility in rapidly adjusting to warm temperatures when they have experienced increasing rather than decreasing day lengths, perhaps as a result of the requirements of the spring migration to the intertidal breeding grounds.
Decreased Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Ascorbate Levels in Patients With Septic Encephalopathy

Septic encephalopathies rapidly affect brain function without the involvement of a specific area causing a broad range of reversible neurologic symptoms. Capillary leakage including dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier has been proposed as a potential pathogenic mechanism in this entity. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from septic encephalopathy could be linked to the neurologic symptoms of the disease. The neurologic symptoms of eleven patients with septic encephalopathy were described semiquantitatively through a score system. The ascorbate levels were significantly lower in both plasma and CSF from patients with septic encephalopathy than controls, and in CSF but not plasma this decrease correlated with the severity of neurologic symptoms. No significant changes were found for f -tocopherol. Our findings suggest that the short-term oxidative stress may be an important factor in the development of septic encephalopathy, possibly through dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier.
Exposure to benzene at different work places in Sweden.

The exposure to benzene at different work places in Sweden where petrol is produced or handled has been investigated. The high benzene content (max 5%, v/v) in Swedish petrol means that many workers are exposed to benzene vapours during their working day. The measurements showed that the exposure of most workers was below the Swedish occupational standard value (8 h TWA, 16 mg m−3). Short-time sampling showed the occurrence of exposures to concentrations above the occupational standard value for 15 min (32 mg m−3) among workers at refineries and marketing terminals. Many workers are exposed to benzene via exhaust gases. The concentrations are below the occupational standard value but much elevated compared with the background concentrations of benzene. Precautions to improve the working environment have been suggested.
Heredity in sarcoidosis: a registry-based twin study

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Familial clustering of cases and ethnic variation in the epidemiology suggests a genetic influence on susceptibility to the disease. This paper reports twin concordance and heritability estimates of sarcoidosis in order to assess the overall contribution of genetic factors to the disease susceptibility. Methods: Monozygotic and dizygotic twins enrolled in the Danish and the Finnish population-based national twin cohorts (61 662 pairs in total) were linked to diagnostic information on sarcoidosis obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry or the Social Insurance Institution, Finland registry of reimbursed medication using the 8th and 10th editions of the International Classification of Diseases. The Fisher exact test was used to compare probandwise concordance rates in different zygosity groups. Heritability was estimated based on a multifactorial threshold liability model. Results: A total of 210 twin pairs with at least one proband with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis were identified. The probandwise concordance rate was higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins (0.148 vs 0.012). Compared with the general population there was an 80-fold increased risk of developing sarcoidosis in co-twins of affected monozygotic brothers or sisters. The increased risk in dizygotic twins was only 7-fold. Aetiological model fitting gave a heritability of sarcoidosis of 0.66 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.80). Conclusions: This study suggests that genetic factors play an important role in the susceptibility to sarcoidosis. This result should encourage the search for molecular genetic markers of susceptibility to the disease.
Methods for measurements of the longitudinal movement and the shear-induced longitudinal elastic modulus of the arterial wall

We have recently shown that a previous unknown longitudinal movement and a corresponding longitudinal strain are present in the arterial wall. The objective of this study was to introduce and evaluate an improved method for measurement of the longitudinal movement as well as to show results from the first in vivo trial of measurement of the shear induced longitudinal elastic modulus of the arterial wall. The total mean difference in estimated displacement between the new and old algorithms was 1 ¿m with a standard deviation of 76 ¿m. The mean shear induced longitudinal elastic modulus was 95 Pa (SD 39), range 49-153. This indicates that the longitudinal elastic modulus of the inner layers of the arterial wall might be 1000 times lower than the values reported for exposed vessel walls in vitro. The unavoidable sources of inaccuracy present in our methods cannot justify such a large discrepancy. Possible explanations are discussed; based on differences between adopted approaches and on the presence of forces other than shear stress.
The Current State of Autonomous Helicopter Flight

3 Tools 2 3.1 Reinforcement Learning . 2 3.1. 1 Agent . 2 3.1. 2 Environment . 2 3.1. 3 State . 3 3.1. 4 Actions . 3 3.1. 5 Markov Decision Process . 3 3.1. 6 Reward Functions . 3 3.1. 7 Policy Optimization . 4 3.2 Dynamic Programming . 4 3.3 Kalman Filters . 4 3.4 EM Algorithm . 4 3.5 Neural Network . 4
University of Groningen Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Network Analysis-Based Integration with Gene Expression Data Identify New Suggestive Loci and Unravel a Wnt-Centric Network Associated with Dupuytren ' s Disease

Dupuytren ́s disease, a fibromatosis of the connective tissue in the palm, is a common complex disease with a strong genetic component. Up to date nine genetic loci have been found to be associated with the disease. Six of these loci contain genes that code for Wnt signalling proteins. In spite of this striking first insight into the genetic factors in Dupuytren ́s disease, much of the inherited risk in Dupuytren ́s disease still needs to be discovered. The already identified loci jointly explain ~1% of the heritability in this disease. To further elucidate the genetic basis of Dupuytren ́s disease, we performed a genome-wide meta-analysis combining three genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets, comprising 1,580 cases and 4,480 controls. We corroborated all nine previously identified loci, six of these with genome-wide significance (p-value < 5x10). In addition, we identified 14 new suggestive loci (p-value < 10). Intriguingly, several of these new loci contain genes associated with Wnt signalling and therefore represent excellent candidates for replication. Next, we compared whole-transcriptome data between patientand control-derived tissue samples and found the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to be the top deregulated pathway in patient samples. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0158101 July 28, 2016 1 / 18 a11111
The relevance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms for cancer: a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND In recent years, the relevance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of cancer has been investigated by a great number of studies. It has been hypothesized that VDR polymorphisms may influence both the risk of cancer occurrence and prognosis. However, studies investigating the associations between specific VDR polymorphisms and cancer often show controversial results. We have now performed a systematic review of the literature to analyse the relevance of VDR polymorphisms for individual malignancies, including cancer of the skin, prostate, breast, colon, ovary, kidney and bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analysis of studies evaluating the association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, and Cdx2, poly (A) and Bgl1 as well as some haplotype combinations and cancer risk has been performed. Data were extracted from PubMed using the key words VDR polymorphism in combination with breast cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma or bladder cancer. RESULTS This analysis was performed with the intent of giving an up-to-date overview of all data concerning the relevance of VDR polymorphisms for cancer. Obviously, at present it is still not possible to make any definitive statements about the importance of the VDR genotype for cancer occurrence. It seems probable that interactions with other factors such as calcium and vitamin D intake, 25(OH)D plasma levels and UV radiation exposure play a decisive role in cancer occurrence and should not be underestimated. Other risk factors such as obesity, smoking status, parity status, energy intake and others are also frequently mentioned as being more or less important for carcinogenesis depending on the VDR genotype. Moreover, it is often noticed that the same VDR polymorphism has a different effect depending on the type of cancer, or may be only decisive for more or less aggressive staging of the tumour. CONCLUSION Significant associations with VDR polymorphisms have been reported in cancer of the breast (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, poly (A)), prostate (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, poly (A)), skin (Fok1, Bsm1, A-1210), colorectum (Fok1, Bsm1), ovary (Fok1, Apa1) and bladder (Fok1), and in renal cell carcinoma (Taq1, Apa1). However, conflicting data have been reported for most malignancies. After careful evaluation of the actual literature, it can be summarized that data indicating an association of VDR polymorphisms and cancer risk are strongest for breast cancer (Bsm1, Fok1), prostate cancer (Fok1) and malignant melanoma (MM) (Fok1). Data indicating an association of VDR polymorphisms and cancer prognosis are strongest for prostate cancer (Fok1), breast cancer (Bsm1, Taq1), MM (Bsm1) and renal cell carcinoma (Taq1).
Sperm transport in the reproductive tract of the female rabbit: I. The rapid transit phase of transport.

Rabbit spermatozoa were recovered from the upper ampulla and the fimbrial and ovarian surfaces of all females examined at 1 mm post coitum (p.c.). As many as 1,000 spermatozoa could be recovered, on occasion, from the upper ampulla, fimbria and ovary of individual animals within the first 15 mm p.c. After artificial intravaginal insemination, the incidence of rapid transport and distribution of sperm in the female tract were the same as in mated females. The rapid transit phase of sperm transport is an asymmetric phenomenon, occurring predominantly in the left side of the female tract of both mated and artificially inseminated does. Most spermatozoa were not motile after rapid transport and in more than 90% of these, the membranes overlying the acrosome were disrupted. After rapid transport, spermatozoa were located almost exlcusively in the uppermost regions of the oviduct. Most of the spermatozoa were cleared to the peritoneal cavity between 15 mm and 4 h p.c. and none appeared to reenter the lower levels of the female tract. The sustained migration of motile spermatozoa from the uterus into the oviduct was first detected at 90 mm p.c. , when small populations of motile sperm were recovered from the lower isthmus of all animals examined. These observations show clearly that rapid passive transfer of rabbit spermatozoa to the upper oviduct and peritoneal cavity is a regular sequel to mating. Most sperm in this vanguard are dead and are cleared to the peritoneal cavity before ovulation and thus can have no direct role in fertilization.
Predictions of Curvature Ductility Factor of Reinforced Concrete Beam Sections Used High Strength Concrete and Steel

The high strength materials have been more widely used in a large reinforced concrete structures. It is known that the use of high strength material in RC structures give the benefits of the mechanical and durable properties, but the ductility decreases with an increase in the strength of the materials. In the design of a reinforced concrete beam, both the flexural strength and ductility need to be considered. So, it is necessary to assess accurately the ductility of the beam with high strength materials in order to ensure the ductility requirement in design. In this study, the effects of the material strength on the flexural behavior and curvature ductility factor of reinforcement concrete beam sections with various reinforcement conditions have been evaluated and a newly prediction formula for curvature ductility factor of RC beam has been developed considering the stress of compression reinforcement at ultimate state. The proposed predictions for the curvature ductility factor which is applicable to both singly and doubly reinforced concrete beam are verified by comparisons with other prediction formulas and the proposed formula offers fairly accurate within 9% error and consistent predictions for curvature ductility factor of reinforced concrete beam.
Evaluating the Performance of Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

There are several kinds of envisioned vehicular applications: video delivery, accidents detection, dissemination of traffic announcements, and so forth. Such applications demand minimal (and possibly distinct) Quality of Service guarantees that must couple the vehicular network. Since the vehicular networks will become reality soon, we demand strategies for planning and managing such networks. In this work we propose the concept of a Delta Network: the Delta Network is a metric for evaluating the performance of heterogeneous vehicular networks. By using the concept of a Network Delta, we expect network providers being able to measure and compare the performance of distinct heterogeneous vehicular networks (Delta is technology-independent). Finally, the concept of a Delta Network may also be applied to couple vehicular applications and vehicular networks in order to support the network provider in the decision of deploying (or not) a novel vehicular application.
An update on the representational approach to patient education.

PURPOSE To provide an update on the representational approach to patient education. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCT The representational approach to patient education to guide a wide-range of educational interventions. METHODS Four intervention trials based on the representational approach are discussed: the representational intervention to decrease cancer pain (RIDcancerPain), patient-centered advance care planning (PC-ACP), an individualized representational intervention to improve symptom management (IRIS), and the written representational intervention to ease symptoms (WRITE symptoms). RESULTS Findings from these trials show that interventions based on the representational approach are efficacious. Results of these trials have provided information for strengthening the approach and extending it to novel clinical problems and delivery modes. CONCLUSIONS The representational approach to patient education appears to be adequately flexible to guide interventions in different patient care situations, while also sufficiently structured to be replicable and testable.