Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Behavioral, Neuropathological, Brain Metabolic and Key Molecular Changes in zQ175 Knock-In Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of the trinucleotide poly (CAG) tract located in exon 1 of the huntingtin (Htt) gene leading to progressive neurodegeneration in selected brain regions, and associated functional impairments in motor, cognitive, and psychiatric domains. Since the discovery of the gene mutation that causes the disease, mouse models have been developed by different strategies. Recently, a new model, the zQ175 knock-in (KI) line, was developed in an attempt to have the Htt gene in a context and causing a phenotype that more closely mimics HD in humans. The behavioral phenotype was characterized across the independent laboratories and important features reminiscent of human HD are observed in zQ175 mice. In the current study, we characterized the zQ175 model housed in an academic laboratory under reversed dark-light cycle, including motor function, in vivo longitudinal structural MRI imaging for brain volume, MRS for striatal metabolites, neuropathology, as well as a panel of key disease marker proteins in the striatum at different ages. Our results suggest that homozygous zQ175 mice exhibited significant brain atrophy before the motor deficits and brain metabolite changes. Altered striatal medium spiny neuronal marker, postsynaptic marker protein and complement component C1qC also characterized zQ175 mice. Our results confirmed that the zQ175 KI model is valuable in understanding of HD-like pathophysiology and evaluation of potential therapeutics. Our data also provide suggestions to select appropriate outcome measurements in preclinical studies using the zQ175 mice.
A Generalized Approach For Connectionist Auto-Associative Memories: Interpretation, Implication Illu

XI.1. Introduction Recent years have seen an increasing number of papers in Psychology that attempt to model cognitive and perceptual processes using associative memory models (e. Basically, these models use large sets of neuron-like units. The units are linked by connections of modiiable intensity (e.g., synapses). Learning or information storage occurs by modiication of the connections. The major advantages of associative models over more traditional information processing and artiicial intelligence models are that they make use of computations that are potentially completely parallel and that they employ distributed rather than localized storage of data. Parallel computations are simply those that may, in principle, be done simultaneously and therefore do not depend upon the outcome of the other computations. Distributed storage refers to that fact that discrete locations of memory do not code for individual pieces of data, but rather form parts of the coding of many stimuli. The workings of both of these features have provided useful insights into some psychological and computational issues in cognition and perception that have proven quite diicult to model with logic-based information processing models. Along with the psychological studies that have appeared recently, there have been many papers that have attempted to analyze the various learning The author wishes to thank Alice O'Toole and Raymond Bruyer for help and comments on previous drafts of this paper and Jim Anderson for support. This paper has been written during a visiting professorship in Brown University made possible by a Fullbright scholarship (1986{1988).
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among College Students

This study examines the relationships between college students' attitudes regarding gender roles and gendered violence and their perpetration of intimate partner violence. Although findings from previous studies demonstrate associations between gender role and gendered violence-related attitudes and intimate partner violence, research to date fails to fully explore these associations. In an attempt to fill this void, the current study looks at attitudes before and after perpetration is reported to determine whether attitudes precede or follow perpetration. Additionally, the study examines these relationships among a previously unexplored set of attitudes within the physical violence literature—those related to chivalry. Findings suggest that the relationships between attitudes and intimate partner violence are more complex than prior research indicates and differ for female and male college students.
Construct Validity of the Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale for Greek Athletes (Population)

The purpose of the present study was to translate the Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale (MDSS) items into Greek and examine the construct validity of the Greek versions of the MDSS and MDSS-S (short scale). 281 athletes (males, n = 133, and females, n = 148) were used. The study examined the construct validity of the scales MDSS and MDSS-S including factorial validity (confirmatory factor analyses), reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) and criterion-related validity (concurrent validity with the scale Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior [PABS]) analysis. CFA results revealed that a 32-item six factor and the 8-item one factor models were acceptable, rejecting the 32-item one factor model. Furthermore, results provided support for internal consistency and concurrent validity of MDSS and MDSS-S. The MDSS and MDSS-S adapted in Greek can be considered useful for assessing sport moral disengagement.
The Relationship among Mobile Phone Dependence,Academic Procrastination and Subjective Well-being of College Students

This study carries out questionnaires among 163 college students with the mobile phone addiction tendency scale,Aitken procrastination inventory and the Oxford happiness questionnaire(OHQ). The results show that mobile phone dependence is positively related to academic procrastination,and negatively correlated with subjective well-being(SWB),and academic procrastination and SWB are negatively correlated.Mobile phone dependence and academic procrastination negatively predict subjective well-being(SWB),and mobile phone dependence positively predicts academic procrastination.Academic procrastination partially mediates the effects of mobile phone dependence on SWB.
Learning General Properties of Semantic Roles from Usage Data : A Computational Model

Semantic roles are a critical aspect of linguistic knowledge because they indicate the relations of the participants in an event to the main predicate. Experimental studies on children and adults show that both groups use associations between general semantic roles such as Agent and Theme, and grammatical positions such as Subject and Object, even in the absence of familiar verbs. Other studies suggest that semantic roles evolve over time, and might best be viewed as a collection of verb-based or general semantic properties. A usage-based account of language acquisition suggests that general roles and their association with grammatical positions can be learned from the data children are exposed to, through a process of generalization and categorization. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic usage-based model of semantic role learning. Our model can acquire associations between the semantic properties of the arguments of an event, and the syntactic positions that the arguments appear in. These probabilistic associations enable the model to learn general conceptions of roles, based only on exposure to individual verb usages, and without requiring explicit labelling of the roles in the input. The acquired role properties are a good intuitive match to the expected properties of various roles, and are useful in guiding comprehension in the model to the most likely interpretation in the face of ambiguity. The learned roles can also be used to select the correct meaning of a novel verb in an ambiguous situation.
“Excellent results” of teaching listening at a Saudi University: Appearance and reality

The paper investigates the difference between the appearance and reality of “excellent results” that 49 university students obtained in their listening course which was designed to deal with the lowest learning domain of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT)—“remember” (Anderson et al., 2001). The subjects of this study were the students from the department of Engineering who were studying English at their foundation course in King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. The mean scores of the regular test based on “remember” given at the end of the semester were compared with those of another similar test based on “remember” and “understand” of RBT (Anderson et al., 2001) given after three weeks of the regular test. The statistical analysis of the results shows that the students’ memorization of some words and phrases help them identify the same words and phrases in new context but it does not help them answer “understand” questions. The students who did excellent in “remember” questions did miserably bad in “understand” questions. The paper finds that the only reason the students can perform well on their final exams is that the listening texts they listen to are the carbon copies of what they listened and read (transcripts) throughout the semester—the students are simply being asked to apply well rehearsed schemata for specific kinds of task. The paper also finds that this achievement is practically meaningless because it does not develop the students’ understanding and higher level cognitive skills like “apply”, “analyze”, “evaluate”, and “create” (Anderson et al., 2001).
Simultaneous Product Attribute Name and Value Extraction from Web Pages

Much work has been done in the area of template independent web data extraction. However, these approaches deal with the attribute value extraction and annotation either in separate phases or constrained to a predefined set of attributes which is highly ineffective. In this paper, we perform the attribute extraction and annotation simultaneously by extracting the attribute name and value pair at the same time. In our approach, we use a co-training algorithm with naive Bayesian classifier to identify the candidate attribute name and value pairs in the unlabeled pages. The candidate attribute name and value pairs are used to detect the specification block of the product in web pages. Finally, all the attribute name and value pairs in the specification block are discovered. We conduct experiments for three types of products and obtain a promising result.
CONVERGENCE OF FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR VISCOUS AND INVISCID CONSERVATION LAWS WITH ROUGH COEFFICIENTS

We consider the initial value problem for degenerate viscous and inviscid scalar conservation laws where the flux function depends on the spatial location through a "rough"coefficient function k(x) . We show that the Engquist-Osher (and hence all monotone) finite difference approximations converge to the unique entropy solution of the governing equation if, among other demands, k' is in BV , thereby providing alternative (new) existence proofs for entropy solutions of degenerate convection-diffusion equations as well as new convergence results for their finite difference approximations. In the inviscid case, we also provide a rate of convergence. Our convergence proofs are based on deriving a series of a priori estimates and using a general Lp compactness criterion.
Making secure processors OS- and performance-friendly

In today's digital world, computer security issues have become increasingly important. In particular, researchers have proposed designs for secure processors that utilize hardware-based memory encryption and integrity verification to protect the privacy and integrity of computation even from sophisticated physical attacks. However, currently proposed schemes remain hampered by problems that make them impractical for use in today's computer systems: lack of virtual memory and Inter-Process Communication support as well as excessive storage and performance overheads. In this article, we propose (1) address independent seed encryption (AISE), a counter-mode-based memory encryption scheme using a novel seed composition, and (2) bonsai Merkle trees (BMT), a novel Merkle tree-based memory integrity verification technique, to eliminate these system and performance issues associated with prior counter-mode memory encryption and Merkle tree integrity verification schemes. We present both a qualitative discussion and a quantitative analysis to illustrate the advantages of our techniques over previously proposed approaches in terms of complexity, feasibility, performance, and storage. Our results show that AISE+BMT reduces the overhead of prior memory encryption and integrity verification schemes from 12% to 2% on average for single-threaded benchmarks on uniprocessor systems, and from 15% to 4% for coscheduled benchmarks on multicore systems while eliminating critical system-level problems.
Arbitrage pricing of defaultable game options with applications to convertible bonds

This paper is the first in a series that we devote to studying the problems of valuation and hedging of defaultable game options in general, and convertible corporate bonds in particular. Here, we present mathematical foundations for our overall study. Specifically, we provide several results characterizing the arbitrage price of a defaultable game option in terms of relevant Dynkin games. In addition, we provide important results regarding price decomposition of defaultable options. These general results are then specified to the case of convertible bonds, yielding in particular a decomposition of convertible bonds in an optional and a bond component.
Reduction of undesired classroom behavior by systematically reinforcing the absence of such behavior

The undesired classroom behavior of three moderately-retarded children was reduced through the use of differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior reinforcement schedules in which the delivery of a reinforcer (a bit of food or a token) was contingent on the nonoccurrence of the undesired behavior during a specified time interval. Leaving an assigned seat without permission, throwing objects, and hitting others was reduced in one participant, drooling (excessive salivation) was reduced in a second participant, and placing the hand(s) near the mouth was reduced in a third participant. These results are discussed in terms of the feasibility of using differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior reinforcement schedules to control undesired behavior within the classroom. Language: en
A comparative study of neuropsychological functioning and emotional disturbance amongst mentally retarded _mr_, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder _adhd_ and normal children

Neuropsychology offers an excellent theoretical framework to work in the assessment of a heterogeneous population such as individuals with Mental retardation (MR) and Attention deficit hyperaptiVify. -disordeY'('ApHD). The present study attempts to investigate the Neuropsychological functioning ^nd. extent of Emotional disturbance exhibited by MR, ADHD and-Mrmal children. It also tries to see how these three groups perform in relation to emotional disturbance. With this purpose the following research objectives were made: 1. To see the extent to which children who are mentally retarded (MR) and children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differed from normal children on various aspects of Neuropsychological functioning. 2. The study further aims to explore the differences in the experience of Emotional disturbance across the three groups, that is, mentally retarded (MR), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normals. 3. Another objective is to find out whether the three groups, that is, MR, ADHD and normals differed on neuropsychological functioning in relation to degree of emotional disturbance. To achieve these objectives a comparative study was done. The sample of 180 children in the age range of 5 to 14 years was taken. Of these, 60 children were mentally retarded, 60 children were ADHD and 60 were normal children. The sample of MR and ADHD children included in the present study were diagnosed according to DSM-iV-TR Criteria. Cognistat (Gupta, & Natasha, 2009) was administered on these 180 children individually to assess their neuropsychological functioning. For administering the Emotional disturbance scale (Epstein & Cullinan, 1998), the investigator contacted the teachers/caregivers personally and requested them to give their response on each statement in relation to the children's emotional competence. The data, thus, obtained were tabulated group wise and were statistically analyzed to draw necessary inferences. The results show that MR and ADHD children performed poorly on various aspects of neuropsychological functioning as compared to normal children. Further, it was found that ADHD children had secured lower scores on most of the dimensions of neuropsychological functioning, while MR children had performed poorly only on few dimensions (in comparison to ADHD). Across the three groups, ADHD children were more emotionally disturbed followed by MR children and normals, and high emotionally disturbed MR and ADHD children scored low on the total score as well as on different dimensions of neuropsychological functioning. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING AND EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE AMONGST MENTALLY RETARDED (MR), ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) AND NORMAL CHILDREN THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Mottot of ^I)ilosioplip IN PSYCHOLOGY
Mutualism–parasitism paradigm synthesized from results of root-endophyte models

Plant tissues host a variety of fungi. One important group is the dark septate endophytes (DSEs) that colonize plant roots and form characteristic intracellular structures – melanized hyphae and microsclerotia. The DSE associations are common and frequently observed in various biomes and plant taxa. Reviews suggest that the proportion of plant species colonized by DSE equal that colonized by AM and microscopic studies show that the proportion of the root system colonized by fungi DSE can equal, or even exceed, the colonization by AM fungi. Despite the high frequency and suspected ecological importance, the effects of DSE colonization on plant growth and performance have remained unclear. Here, we draw from over a decade of experimentation with the obscure DSE symbiosis and synthesize across large bodies of published and unpublished data from Arabidopsis thaliana and Allium porrum model systems as well as from experiments that use native plants to better resolve the host responses to DSE colonization. The data indicate similar distribution of host responses in model and native plant studies, validating the use of model plants for tractable dissection of DSE symbioses. The available data also permit empirical testing of the environmental modulation of host responses to DSE colonization and refining the “mutualism-parasitism-continuum” paradigm for DSE symbioses. These data highlight the context dependency of the DSE symbioses: not only plant species but also ecotypes vary in their responses to populations of conspecific DSE fungi – environmental conditions further shift the host responses similar to those predicted based on the mutualism-parasitism-continuum paradigm. The model systems provide several established avenues of inquiry that permit more detailed molecular and functional dissection of fungal endophyte symbioses, identifying thus likely mechanisms that may underlie the observed host responses to endophyte colonization.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a distinctive vasculopathy

Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SScPAH) has a worse prognosis and response to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapy than idiopathic PAH (IPAH). These differences have not yet been explained. Knowledge concerning histological pulmonary vasculopathy in SScPAH is limited in contrast to IPAH. Therefore, we explored patterns of vasculopathy in SScPAH compared with IPAH. Parameters of vasculopathy were assessed from lung tissue of eight PAH patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and 11 IPAH patients. Lung tissue was obtained at autopsy (n = 15), explantation (n = 3) and biopsy (n = 1). Pulmonary arterial/arteriolar intimal fibrosis was identified in all SScPAH patients and in three IPAH patients (p = 0.003). Fibrosis of pulmonary veins/venules was found in all SScPAH patients and in three IPAH patients (p = 0.003). In four SScPAH patients, fibrosis of veins/venules was focal and associated with capillary congestion as in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). Of the IPAH patients, 10 had unequivocal evidence of plexogenic arteriopathy compared with none of the SScPAH patients (p = 0.001). SScPAH is characterised by small vessel intimal fibrosis, which is associated with a PVOD-like pattern in some cases. This might explain its different clinical behaviour from IPAH. Small vessel intimal fibrosis may provide clues to elucidation of differences in pathogenetic mechanisms between the groups.
A Deep Halpha Survey of Galaxies in the Two Nearby Clusters Abell1367 and Coma: The Halpha Luminos

We present a deep wide field H α imaging survey of the central regions of the two nearby clusters of galaxies Coma and Abell 1367, taken with the WFC at the INT 2.5 m telescope. We determine for the first time the Schechter parameters of the H α luminosity function (LF) of cluster galaxies. The H α LFs of Abell 1367 and Coma are compared with each other and with that of Virgo, estimated using the B band LF by Sandage et al. ([CITE]) and a L (H α ) vs. M B relation. Typical parameters of $\phi^{*} \approx 10^{0.00\pm0.07}$ Mpc -3 , $L^{*} \approx 10^{41.25\pm0.05}$ erg s -1 and $\alpha \approx -0.70\pm0.10$ are found for the three clusters. The best fitting parameters of the cluster LFs differ from those found for field galaxies, showing flatter slopes and lower scaling luminosities L * . Since, however, our H α survey is significantly deeper than those of field galaxies, this result must be confirmed on similarly deep measurements of field galaxies. By computing the total SFR per unit volume of cluster galaxies, and taking into account the cluster density in the local Universe, we estimate that the contribution of clusters like Coma and Abell 1367 is approximately 0.25% of the SFR per unit volume of the local Universe.
Prognostic Impact of Changes in Adipose Tissue Areas after Colectomy in Colorectal Cancer Patients

There have been few studies assessing the changes in the body components of patients after colectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to verify the trends in the adipose tissue areas of CRC patients before and after surgery and to determine their clinical relevance. Computed tomography (CT)-assessed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas were recorded before and after curative resection in stage I to III CRC patients. Changes in the adipose tissue were assessed by calculating the difference in the adipose tissue area between preoperative CT and the most recent postoperative CT, which is disease-free state. Regarding obesity before surgery, there were no prognostic effect of body mass index (BMI), VAT and SAT, and 47.3% of patients had increases in VAT after colectomy. By multivariate analysis, adjusting sex, age, stage, differentiation, VAT change was the only obesity related factor to predict the prognosis, that patients who had increase in VAT after colectomy had better overall survival (HR, 0.557; 95% CI, 0.317-0.880) and disease-free survival (HR, 0.602; 95% CI, 0.391-0.927). BMI and SAT change had no significant association. In subgroup analysis of stage III CRC patients, VAT change had significance for prognosis only in patients who had adjuvant chemotherapy but not in those who did not receive postoperative chemotherapy. Increase in visceral adipose tissue after surgery is a favorable predictor of prognosis for CRC patients.