Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upper Crustal Structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic Results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)

In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of ∼4.3 km and >3 km, respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of ∼2.4 km. Below depths of ∼2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes.
FESetup: Automating Setup for Alchemical Free Energy Simulations

FESetup is a new pipeline tool which can be used flexibly within larger workflows. The tool aims to support fast and easy setup of alchemical free energy simulations for molecular simulation packages such as AMBER, GROMACS, Sire, or NAMD. Post-processing methods like MM-PBSA and LIE can be set up as well. Ligands are automatically parametrized with AM1-BCC, and atom mappings for a single topology description are computed with a maximum common substructure search (MCSS) algorithm. An abstract molecular dynamics (MD) engine can be used for equilibration prior to free energy setup or standalone. Currently, all modern AMBER force fields are supported. Ease of use, robustness of the code, and automation where it is feasible are the main development goals. The project follows an open development model, and we welcome contributions.
Magnetic survey of emission line B-type stars with FORS 1 at the VLT†

We report the results of our search for magnetic fields in a sample of 16 field Be stars, the binary emission-line B-type star υ Sgr, and in a sample of fourteen members of the open young cluster NGC3766 in the Carina spiral arm. The sample of cluster members includes Be stars, normal B-type stars and He-strong/He-weak stars. Nine Be stars have been studied with magnetic field time series obtained over ∼1 hour to get an insight into the temporal behaviour and the correlation of magnetic field properties with dynamical phenomena taking place in Be star atmospheres. The spectropolarimetric data were obtained at the European Southern Observatory with the multi-mode instrument FORS1 installed at the 8m Kueyen telescope. We detect weak photospheric magnetic fields in four field Be stars, HD 62367, μ Cen, o Aqr, and e Tuc. The strongest longitudinal magnetic field, 〈Bz〉 = 117 ± 38 G, was detected in the Be star HD 62367. Among the Be stars studied with time series, one Be star, λ Eri, displays cyclic variability of the magnetic field with a period of 21.12 min. The binary star υ Sgr, in the initial rapid phase of mass exchange between the two components with strong emission lines in the visible spectrum, is a magnetic variable star, probably on a timescale of a few months. The maximum longitudinal magnetic field 〈Bz〉 = –102 ± 10 G at MJD 54333.018 was measured using hydrogen lines. The cluster NGC3766 seems to be extremely interesting, where we find evidence for the presence of a magnetic field in seven early B-type stars out of the observed fourteen cluster members (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Renal Function after Reduction in Cadmium Exposure: An 8-Year Follow-up of Residents in Cadmium-Polluted Areas

Background and objective: Long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes renal dysfunction, but the change in renal function with exposure is unknown. We assessed the evolution of Cd-induced renal effects after a reduction in dietary exposure to Cd in rice. Methods: Four hundred twelve residents in previously Cd-polluted and nonpolluted areas were examined twice, in 1998 and in 2006. Changes in blood Cd, urinary Cd, and kidney function [N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin, and albumin in urine] were measured. Results: In the most polluted area, mean blood Cd was 8.9 μg/L and 3.3 μg/L in 1998 and in 2006, respectively, and urinary Cd was 11.6 and 9.0 μg/g creatinine. Urinary albumin in 1998 increased with urinary Cd, but no such exposure–response relation appeared for 2006 albumin versus urinary Cd 1998, indicating recovery. Other biomarkers of kidney function were also elevated in 1998. Partial recovery was observed for NAG among women and was suggested for β2-microglobulin among young individuals. The probability of having β2-microglobulin levels above the 95th percentile in 2006 was high in those with elevated β2-microglobulin in 1998 [odds ratio (OR) = 24.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2, 55.3] compared with albumin (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 7.5) and NAG (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 4.4). Conclusions: Results suggest that a Cd-mediated increase in urinary albumin excretion is reversible upon substantial reduction of exposure. For markers of tubular effects, we observed a tendency toward improvement but not complete recovery. Data from repeated observations suggest that β2-microglobulin may be more informative than NAG as an indicator for an individual’s future tubular function.
Structural integrity of callosal midbody influences intermanual transfer in a motor reaction‐time task

Training one hand on a motor task results in performance improvements in the other hand, also when stimuli are randomly presented (nonspecific transfer). Corpus callosum (CC) is the main structure involved in interhemispheric information transfer; CC pathology occurs in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and is related to altered performance of tasks requiring interhemispheric transfer of sensorimotor information. To investigate the role of CC in nonspecific transfer during a pure motor reaction‐time task, we combined motor behavior with diffusion tensor imaging analysis in PwMS. Twenty‐two PwMS and 10 controls, all right‐handed, were asked to respond to random stimuli with appropriate finger opposition movements with the right (learning) and then the left (transfer) hand. PwMS were able to improve motor performance reducing response times with practice with a trend similar to controls and preserved the ability to transfer the acquired motor information from the learning to the transfer hand. A higher variability in the transfer process, indicated by a significantly larger standard deviation of mean nonspecific transfer, was found in the PwMS group with respect to the control group, suggesting the presence of subtle impairments in interhemispheric communication in some patients. Then, we correlated the amount of nonspecific transfer with mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values, indicative of microstructural damage, obtained in five CC subregions identified on PwMS's FA maps. A significant correlation was found only in the subregion including posterior midbody (Pearson's r = 0.74, P = 0.003), which thus seems to be essential for the interhemispheric transfer of information related to pure sensorimotor tasks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Students as facilitators in a teacher training program: motivation for leadership roles

Introduction Although students often partake in peer-teaching activities during medical school, they are rarely provided with formal training in teaching. We have previously described our teacher training (TT) program for medical students. The TT program is delivered face-to-face across two sessions. In order to alleviate academic teaching load required to run the course, and at the same time provide our final-year students with practical opportunities to develop their leadership skills, we engaged five senior students as co-facilitators alongside academic staff. By developing an understanding of our students’ motivation to participate as facilitators, we may be able to promote an interest within leadership in teaching among other students. Our study sought to examine students’ motivation to take part as facilitators in the TT program. Methods Data were collected through a focus group session with the five student facilitators. Self-determination theory, which poses that there are three elements key to intrinsic motivation, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness, was used as a conceptual lens to identify and code recurrent themes in the data. Results Elements that motivated students to assist in facilitation included an opportunity to review and build on their knowledge and skills in teaching practices; the recognition and acknowledgement received from school staff and fellow students; the opportunity to develop these relationships; and a desire to increase their peer-teaching responsibilities. Conclusion By actively involving our students in leadership practices, we were able to not only engage the students, but also develop our student community and contribute to the promotion of a culture of excellence in teaching within the hospital.
Zona Pellucida Domain of ZPB1 Controls Specific Binding of ZPB1 and ZPC in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

The extracellular matrix surrounding avian oocytes, referred to as the perivitelline membrane (PL), exhibits a three-dimensional network of fibrils between granulosa cells and the oocyte. We previously reported that one of its components, ZPC, is synthesized in granulosa cells that are specifically incorporated into the PL; this incorporation might be mediated by a specific interaction with ZPB1, another PL constituent, which is synthesized in the liver. In order to extend our previous findings, we established an expression system for quail ZPB1 using a mammalian cell line, and several ZPB1 mutants lacking the zona pellucida (ZP) domain or the glutamine-rich repeat region were produced. Western blot analysis of the immunoprecipitated materials with anti-ZPC antiserum indicated that ZPB1 was coimmunoprecipitated with the antiserum in the presence of ZPC. Ligand blotting also revealed the specific binding of ZPC and ZPB1 and indicated that the binding of these two components might be mediated via an ionic interaction. An analysis using recombinant ZPB1 demonstrated that the ZPB1 lacking the ZP domain did not bind to ZPC, whereas the mutant missing the glutamine-rich repeat region retained its capacity for binding. Furthermore, although the ZPB1 lacking the N-terminal half of the ZP domain was able to bind to ZPC, the deletion of the C-terminal half completely abolished ZPB1 binding to ZPC. These results suggested that the C-terminal half of the ZP domain of ZPB1 contains a binding site for ZPC, and that it appears to be involved in insoluble PL fibril formation in the quail ovary.
Simulation package for simulating wind power drives

Simulation of static and transient behaviour of wind power plants is important both for grid companies and the power plant suppliers. Simulating a full-power converter based wind power drive includes the simulation of a large electrical circuit. Building such a model with a circuit simulation program requires details which are not necessary from the application point of view. We present an add-on package to Matlab/Simulink, which hides the detailed electrical circuit but nevertheless includes the accurate models inside. A unique feature of this package is its graphical user interface, which concentrates the usage to parts relevant to wind power systems. An efficiency analyzer is also included. This tool analyzes the overall efficiency of a wind power drive train in different operating points using the same model which can be used in technical functionality testing. Simulation results are compared to measurements in a fault ride through test of a full power converter based wind power drive. The correspondence of the results is found satisfactory.
An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements.

The induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes is an important defense mechanism against intake of xenobiotics. While this group of enzymes is believed to be under the transcriptional control of antioxidant response elements (AREs), this contention is experimentally unconfirmed. Since the ARE resembles the binding sequence of erythroid transcription factor NF-E2, we investigated the possibility that the phase II enzyme genes might be regulated by transcription factors that also bind to the NF-E2 sequence. The expression profiles of a number of transcription factors suggest that an Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer is the most likely candidate to fulfill this role in vivo. To directly test these questions, we disrupted the murine nrf2 gene in vivo. While the expression of phase II enzymes (e.g., glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase) was markedly induced by a phenolic antioxidant in vivo in both wild type and heterozygous mutant mice, the induction was largely eliminated in the liver and intestine of homozygous nrf2-mutant mice. Nrf2 was found to bind to the ARE with high affinity only as a heterodimer with a small Maf protein, suggesting that Nrf2/small Maf activates gene expression directly through the ARE. These results demonstrate that Nrf2 is essential for the transcriptional induction of phase II enzymes and the presence of a coordinate transcriptional regulatory mechanism for phase II enzyme genes. The nrf2-deficient mice may prove to be a very useful model for the in vivo analysis of chemical carcinogenesis and resistance to anti-cancer drugs.
The relationship between the morphological knowledge and L2 online processing of derivational words

Objectives/Research Questions: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of morphological knowledge on second language (L2) online processing of derivational words by Chinese first language (L1)–English L2 learners. Methodology: Experiment 1 was performed at the single word level with a masked priming paradigm using the lexical decision task. Experiment 2 was conducted at the sentence level with a self-paced reading paradigm. According to their performance on the morphological knowledge test, the Chinese (L1)–English (L2) learners were grouped into two groups: a high morphological knowledge group and a low morphological knowledge group; and these were matched for proficiency. Data and Analysis: Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. In Experiment 1, mean response times and accuracy of the derived suffixed primes were analyzed between the two groups. In Experiment 2, mean response times in the regions of interest were analyzed between the two groups. Findings/Conclusions: In Experiment 1, results showed that a full priming effect was evident in the group with high morphological knowledge, indicating application of rule-based decompositions, whereas this effect was not observed in the group with low morphological knowledge. In Experiment 2, the group with high morphological knowledge had a significant processing cost in processing the derivational words, suggesting the employment of rule-governed decomposition. These results suggest that morphological knowledge plays an important role in online L2 morphological processing. Originality: In L2 morphology literature, the current study empirically explored the role of morphological knowledge in derivational processing. Significance/Implications: The study suggested that improvements in morphological knowledge can facilitate the rule-based processing of L2.
Contrasting Trajectories of Heroin, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine Use

ABSTRACT Current literature has shown that heroin addiction is characterized by long periods of regular use persisting over the life course, whereas the course of stimulant use is less understood. The current study examined long-term trajectories of drug use for primary heroin, cocaine (crack/powder cocaine), and methamphetamine (meth) users. The analyses used data from five studies that collected longitudinal information using the Natural History Instrument, including 629 primary heroin users, 694 cocaine users, and 474 meth users. Drug use trajectories over the 10 years since initiation demonstrated the persistence of use over time for all three drugs, with heroin use at the highest level (13 to 18 days per month), cocaine at the lowest level (8 to 11 days), and meth in between (approximately 12 days per month). Application of growth mixture models revealed five distinctive groups: Consistently High Use (n = 545), Increasing Use (n = 260), Decreasing Use (n = 254), Moderate Use (n = 638), and Low Use (n = 100). Heroin users were disproportionately overrepresented in the Consistently High Use group and underrepresented in the Low Use group; cocaine and meth users were mostly in the Moderate Use group. Users in the High Use group also had earlier onsets of drug use and crime, longer incarceration durations, and were the least employed. Clinical/service policy and practice need to recognize and adapt to the specific patterns and needs of users of different drugs while being mindful of the stage drug users are at in their life course.
Occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in a Health District in Cameroon: Assessment of the Knowledge and Practices of Nurses

Background Health care providers are at risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from occupational exposure, with nurses being the most vulnerable. There is no data on the awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among nurses in Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices of nurses regarding PEP for HIV and their determinants in Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2013, and involved 80 nurses in a rural health district in the North West Region of Cameroon. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using the SPSS software version 20. Results In all, 73.7% of the participants had poor knowledge about PEP for HIV. Though many (83.8%) had heard about PEP, just 10 (12.5%) had received formal training on PEP for HIV. Only 24 (30%) and 20 (25%) knew the correct drug regimen and duration of treatment respectively. The majority (85%) considered themselves to be at risk of acquiring HIV at work, with 54 (67.5%) having experienced an exposure in the past, mainly while setting up intravenous lines (57.4%), recapping needles (37.0%) and during delivery (24.1%). Of those exposed, ten (18.9%) received PEP, which was started after 24 hours in 50%. In multivariable regression analyses, awareness of hospital policy [OR: 0.043 (0.005–0.404), p-value = 0.006] was associated with Good knowledge on PEP for HIV. Conclusions The knowledge and practice of nurses on PEP for HIV in Cameroon is low. There is urgent need for training programmes and workshops to increase awareness, improve practice, and reduce the risk of HIV acquisition from work related activities among health care providers.
Par4All: From Convex Array Regions to Heterogeneous Computing

Recent compilers comprise an incremental way for converting software toward accelerators. For instance, the pgi Accelerator [14] or hmpp [3] require the use of directives. The programmer must select the pieces of source that are to be executed on the accelerator, providing optional directives that act as hints for data allocations and transfers. The compiler generates all code automatically. [. ] Unlike these approaches, Par4All [13] is an automatic parallelizing and optimizing compiler for C and Fortran sequential programs funded by the hpc Project startup. The purpose of this source-to-source compiler is to integrate several compilation tools into an easy-to-use yet powerful compiler that automatically transforms existing programs to target various hardware platforms.
Latent Trees for Coreference Resolution

We describe a structure learning system for unrestricted coreference resolution that explores two key modeling techniques: latent coreference trees and automatic entropy-guided feature induction. The latent tree modeling makes the learning problem computationally feasible because it incorporates a meaningful hidden structure. Additionally, using an automatic feature induction method, we can efficiently build enhanced nonlinear models using linear model learning algorithms. We present empirical results that highlight the contribution of each modeling technique used in the proposed system. Empirical evaluation is performed on the multilingual unrestricted coreference CoNLL-2012 Shared Task datasets, which comprise three languages: Arabic, Chinese and English. We apply the same system to all languages, except for minor adaptations to some language-dependent features such as nested mentions and specific static pronoun lists. A previous version of this system was submitted to the CoNLL-2012 Shared Task closed track, achieving an official score of 58.69, the best among the competitors. The unique enhancement added to the current system version is the inclusion of candidate arcs linking nested mentions for the Chinese language. By including such arcs, the score increases by almost 4.5 points for that language. The current system shows a score of 60.15, which corresponds to a 3.5% error reduction, and is the best performing system for each of the three languages.