Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance measures of game controllers in a three-dimensional environment

Little work exists on the testing and evaluation of computer-game related input devices. This paper presents five new performance metrics and utilizes two tasks from the literature to quantify differences between input devices in constrained three-dimensional environments, similar to "first-person"-genre games. The metrics are Mean Speed Variance, Mean Acceleration Variance, Percent View Moving, Target Leading Analysis, and Mean Time-to-Reacquire. All measures are continuous, as they evaluate movement during a trial. The tasks involved tracking a moving target for several seconds, with and without target acceleration. An evaluation between an X-Box gamepad and a standard PC mouse demonstrated the ability of the metrics to help reveal and explain performance differences between the devices.
Design of a role-based trust-management framework

We introduce the RT framework, a family of role-based trust management languages for representing policies and credentials in distributed authorization. RT combines the strengths of role-based access control and trust-management systems and is especially suitable for attribute-based access control. Using a few simple credential forms, RT provides localized authority over roles, delegation in role definition, linked roles, and parameterized roles. RT also introduces manifold roles, which can be used to express threshold and separation-of-duty policies, and delegation of role activations. We formally define the semantics of credentials in the RT framework by presenting a translation from credentials to Datalog rules. This translation also shows that this semantics is algorithmically tractable.
In Search of Human Nature

Introduction 1. Questioning the Scientized Image 2. Why we Primates are not 'Game Theorists' 3. The Selecting of Homo Sapiens 4. Brain Matters 5. A Thirst for Meaning 6. How Experience Shapes the Brain 7. 'Who Am I? ' - Where Biology and Culture Meet 8. History, the Story of Meanings through Time 9. Humankind Crosses the Rubicon, 1900-2000 10. Conflict: Control or Reconciliation 11. The Search for Autonomy Within Community
Children of war in Palestine

Armed conflict is increasing in many parts of the world. Children living in war zones are at a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress and other emotional disorders, but little is known about the effects of traumatic events during war and occupation. The loss of a loved person is one of the most intensely painful experiences any human being can suffer. Some of the post-traumatic symptoms persist for several years after the traumatic event.
An investigation into factors contributing to Iranian secondary school English teachers’ job satisfaction and dissatisfaction

This study explored factors contributing to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of male and female Iranian secondary school English teachers. A Likert-scale 58-item questionnaire was developed which was completed by 210 participants. The questionnaire also included three open-ended questions which investigated participants’ motivation and demotivation and required them to suggest ways to address the demotivating factors and improve their job satisfaction. The most teacher motivating factors were found to be (a) imparting knowledge to others, (b) serving the society and (c) having an internal desire to teach. However, analysing the data obtained from the Likert-scale questionnaire and considering the participants’ responses to open-ended questions as well as their comments during a focus-group interview, we found that the most demotivating factors contributing to Iranian secondary school English teachers’ job dissatisfaction included (a) inadequate salary, (b) principals’ inattention to the teachers, (c) not being encouraged to seek professional development, (d) students’ lack of motivation to learn English, (e) low occupational and social status. Furthermore, slight differences were found between male and female teachers in relation to factors contributing to their job satisfaction/dissatisfaction.
Who are We as We Listen? Individual Listening Profiles in Varying Contexts

Abstract Using the Barker & Watson Listening Styles Profile (2000), this study investigates the adaptability of individual listening profiles to varying listening contexts (study, family, friends, work) and listening goals. A sample of 50 students completed the Listening Styles Profile for three different situations of their choice. Stability and variability of the profiles were explored. Results suggest considerable intraindividual variability in listening orientation. This may have ramifications both for further research and for listening training, since aspects of the situation and the setting need to be taken into account more systematically.
Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor‐1 (CNF‐1) increases the adherence to epithelia and the oxidative burst of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes but decreases bacteria phagocytosis

Recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) is a hallmark of both urinary and digestive infections caused byEscherichia coli. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF‐1) is a toxin produced by uropathogenic E. coli strains that mediates its effects via the activation of small GTP‐binding proteins. However, the role and the consequences of CNF‐1 on PMNL physiology remain largely unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that CNF‐1 dramatically affects the PMNL cytoskeleton architecture by inducing an increased content of F‐actin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CNF‐1 increases functional features of PMNL, such as superoxide generation and adherence on epithelial T84 monolayers, but significantly decreases their phagocytic function. Our results suggest that CNF‐1 may behave as a virulence factor in urinary or digestive infection by stimulating PMNL cytotoxicity as a result of its enhancing effect on their adherence to epithelial cells as well as the production of radical oxygen products. Moreover, the decreased phagocytosis of PMNL induced by CNF‐1 likely facilitates growth of bacteria. In these conditions, CNF‐1 would intervene in the initiation and in the perpetuation of the inflammatory process.
Early parenteral nutrition and growth outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The achievement of adequate nutritional intakes in preterm infants is challenging and may explain the poor growth often seen in this group. The use of early parenteral nutrition (PN) is one potential strategy to address this problem, although the benefits and harms are unknown. OBJECTIVE We determined whether earlier administration of PN benefits growth outcomes in preterm infants. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. RESULTS Eight RCTs and 13 observational studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 553 and 1796 infants). The meta-analysis was limited by disparate growth-outcome measures. An assessment of bias was difficult because of inadequate reporting. Results are given as mean differences (95% CIs). Early PN reduced the time to regain birth weight by 2.2 d (1.1, 3.2 d) for RCTs and 3.2 d (2.0, 4.4 d) in observational studies. The maximum percentage weight loss with early PN was lower by 3.1 percentage points (1.7, 4.5 percentage points) for RCTs and by 3.5 percentage points (2.6, 4.3 percentage points) for observational studies. Early PN improved weight at discharge or 36 wk postmenstrual age by 14.9 g (5.3, 24.5 g) (observational studies only), but no benefit was shown for length or head circumference. There was no evidence that early PN significantly affects risk of mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, or cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review, although subject to some limitations, show that early PN provides a benefit for some short-term growth outcomes. No evidence that early PN increases morbidity or mortality was found. Neonatal research would benefit from the development of a set of core growth outcome measures.
Statistical learning of orthographic patterns in typically developing and dyslexic populations

There is growing interest in children’s sensitivity to orthographic probabilistic constraints governing well-formed letter sequences in print. A few studies have demonstrated that young children’s spellings conform to some untaught orthographic restrictions and have postulated that distributional statistical learning processes may underlie this ability. However, there are no studies investigating whether similar patterns can be learnt under experimental conditions whereby participants are not instructed to learn. Therefore, an incidental learning task was used in this thesis to investigate whether novel constraints on letter positions and letter contexts can be exploited and used in a subsequent legality discrimination task by 7-year-old children and adults. Results indicated that (a) novel letter positions and contexts were reliably learnt by children and adults. (b) Adults were, by and large, superior learners. (c) Children’s and adults’ ability to learn was similarly affected by pattern complexity. These findings confirm the statistical nature of children’s sensitivity to general properties of their orthography. The next question addressed was whether implicit sensitivity to frequency-based information that is widely embedded in written language (allowable letter positions; probable/improbable letter pairs/triplets and larger units) is impaired in dyslexia. To this aim, variants of an implicit artificial grammar learning task were used among groups of dyslexic adults and skilled adult readers. It was demonstrated that (a) in letter versions of the task, most aspects of dyslexics’ performance were spared relative to skilled readers’ performance. (b) Importantly, in a nonlinguistic version, dyslexics’ performance matched that of their skilled reader counterparts in every aspect. These results contrast with some previous studies of implicit learning in dyslexia and challenge the claim that a general learning deficit contributes to reading and spelling disability.
Docetaxel-related interstitial pneumonitis

Docetaxel (Taxotere®) is an agent that is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. In recent years, docetaxel-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported in several case series studies. The onset of ILD occurred ~10–20 days (median time: 18 days) after docetaxel administration. Here, we reported the case of a patient who had pulmonary toxicity of ILD within 3 days after using a relatively low-dose docetaxel administration. Although some articles have described patients who progressed to respiratory failure and needed intubation, this patient responded well to steroid treatment and discontinued docetaxel administration.
Estudiantes conectados y movilizados: El uso de Facebook en las protestas estudiantiles en Chile Online and Mobilized Students: The Use of Facebook in the Chilean Student Protests

Considering the relationship between new social media and youth political actions, the purpose of this article is to describe the use of Facebook during the 2011 Chilean student movement, through a content and textual analysis of Facebook’s page of the Student Federation of the University of Chile (FECH). In 2011, Chile experienced massive mobilizations for seven months. These were perhaps the most important social protests in Chile’s recent history, where young people played a leading role in the discussion over education. During these events, Facebook was one of the digital social networks most widely used by the mobilized organizations. In FECH’s case, it utilized Facebook mainly to call for protest actions, to highlight the achievements of the movement, and to indicate their opponents. However, most of the content published on this Facebook page was produced by traditional media, showing that conventional communication strategies of social movements are interrelated with new innovative practices. Therefore, this article rejects technological determinism, because it does not recognize the complex characteristics of student and youth movements.
From One-Man Band to Integrated Newsroom

The study provides a historical inquiry into online journalism newsroom arrangements in the context of the Slovenian media environment. The author concentrates on two leading Slovenian newspapers, Delo and Dnevnik, and explores spatial organisation, editorial decision-making and news-making routines by adopting three qualitative methods: observation, interviews and document analysis. The study shows that online journalism at respective newspapers developed through three phases: (1) from one-man bands where individual online staffers performed as multifunctional all-rounders having the technical tasks of shovelling print content online (mid-1990s to early 2000s); (2) through organisationally and spatially separate online departments where standardisation of news-making routines was mainly defined by the principle of speed (mid-2000s to late 2000s); and (3) to newsroom integration with distinct models of decision-making, spatial organisation and print–online relations (late 2000s onwards).
Malignant glioma following radiotherapy for unrelated primary tumors

Four cases are documented where a glioma was histologically verified in the irradiation field of a previously treated malignancy of a different cell line. Radiation‐induced neoplasia in the central nervous system now has been established in the induction of meningioma and sarcoma. The association between therapeutic irradiation and glioma in the reported cases lends to the evidence that a causal relation does exist. This incidence is small and does not detract from the overall benefit of irradiation as a therapeutic modality.
Realtime and Robust Hand Tracking from Depth

We present a realtime hand tracking system using a depth sensor. It tracks a fully articulated hand under large viewpoints in realtime (25 FPS on a desktop without using a GPU) and with high accuracy (error below 10 mm). To our knowledge, it is the first system that achieves such robustness, accuracy, and speed simultaneously, as verified on challenging real data. Our system is made of several novel techniques. We model a hand simply using a number of spheres and define a fast cost function. Those are critical for realtime performance. We propose a hybrid method that combines gradient based and stochastic optimization methods to achieve fast convergence and good accuracy. We present new finger detection and hand initialization methods that greatly enhance the robustness of tracking.
Identification of physical properties of swine liver for surgical simulation using a dynamic deformation model

In recent medical field, surgical simulators with the technique of virtual reality are expected to provide a new means to support the surgical front. We have developed a simulation for brain surgery using a dynamic deformation model. Most of physics models, including the dynamic deformation model, are required to identify the physical properties of target tissues. In this research, we identified physical properties of swine liver. Young's Modulus, Poisson's Ratio and damping coefficient is necessary for the simulation. There are previous researches about identification of Young's Modulus, but that about identification of Poisson's Ratio and damping coefficient are few. Therefore, in this research, we conduct tension experiments to measure Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio, and vibration experiments to measure damping coefficient.
Neural regions discriminating contextual information as conveyed through the learned preferences of others

The human brain consists of a network of regions that are engaged when one observes the movements of others. Observing unexpected movements, as defined by the context, often elicits greater activity, particularly in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). This implies that observers use contextual information to form expectations about an agent’s goal and subsequent movements. The current study sought to identify regions that support the formation of these context-dependent expectations, with the pSTS being one candidate, given the consistent contextual modulation of its activity. We presented participants with fictitious individuals who had emotion-dependent food preferences, and instructed participants to indicate which food they expected each individual to choose based on the individual’s current emotional state. Each individual’s preference and emotional state therefore created a context that informed the observer’s expectation of the individual’s choice. Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to assess if these different contexts could be discriminated in the pSTS and elsewhere in the brain. No evidence for context discrimination was found in the pSTS. Context discrimination was found instead a network of other brain regions including the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC), bilateral parietal cortex, left middle temporal gyrus (L MTG) and left anterior temporal lobe (L ATL), which have been previously associated with context processing, and semantic and memory retrieval. All together, these regions possibly support the formation of context-dependent expectations of an agent’s goal.
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE FIDELITY ADAPTIVE LARGE EDDY SIMULATION

Since the inception of Computational Fluid Dynamics, turbulence model-ing and numerical methods evolved as two separate fields of research with the perception that once a turbulence model is developed, any suitable computational approach can be used for the numerical simulations of the model. Over the last decade, our group has pursued research with cardinally different philosophy in its belief that in order to increase the computational efficiency of turbulent flow simulations and substantially improve the accuracy of predictions of flow characteristics, both the numerics and physics-based modeling need to be tightly integrated to ensure better capturing of the flow physics on a near optimal adaptive computational grid, ultimately leading to substantial reduction in the computational cost, while resolving dynamically dominant flow structures. Turbulence is difficult to approximate mathematically, and to calculate numerically, because it is active over a large and continuous range of length scales (e.g. from less than a millimeter to hundreds of kilometers in the atmosphere). The range of active scales increases with Reynolds number (like í µí± í µí± ! /! for three-dimensional turbulence), which means flows are increasingly difficult to calculate at the large Reynolds numbers of practical interest. Although the active flow regions extend over many scales, they are distributed inhomogene-ously in both space and time. This inhomogeneity is called intermittency. This talk will provide an overview of a novel framework for continuously variable fidelity adaptive large eddy simulation that tightly integrates numerics and physics-based modeling and fully exploits the spatial and temporal intermitten-cy of turbulent flows by constructing reduced models of turbulence (e.g. in terms of coherent vortices) and by optimally using a finite number of computational elements (e.g. using adaptive mesh refinement). Latest advancements in wavelet-based numerical methodologies for the solution of partial differential equations [1-4], combined with the unique properties of wavelet analysis to unambiguously identify and isolate localized dynamically dominant flow structures [5-6], and to track them on adaptive computational meshes [7-9], make it feasible to develop intelligent methods for turbulent flow simulation that tightly integrate numerics and physics-based modeling.
Language and culture learning in higher education via telecollaboration

This article focuses on the ways of researching the process of designing, developing, and using telecollaboration (also known as online intercultural exchange) to facilitate the learning of both linguistic and intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in higher education courses in different educational contexts in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Although telecollaboration would intuitively seem to be an ideal medium for learning another language and about another culture, extensive research has shown that this learning process takes years and faces many challenges. This paper situates the research on language and culture learning within the broader scope of language and intercultural education (see Pedagogies, 8(2), for a report of an interview with Michael Byram, one of the originators of the concept of ICC). A multinational example of the integration of telecollaborative networks in European university language classes collaborating online, the INTENT project, is described. In addition, a telling case, the Cultura model, implemented in the United States, Europe, and Asia, demonstrates a successful approach (with accompanying research) to telecollaboration for language and culture learning. However, there are also invisible factors and unanticipated challenges that teachers and learners need to understand in order to benefit from these telecollaborative environments; these are examined at the end of the article.
How people familiarize themselves with complex ecological concepts—anchoring of social representations of invasive non‐native species

New terms and frameworks are constantly being incorporated into scientific and public discourses on the management of natural resources and the environment. The idea of invasive non-native plant and animal species, i.e. of species that enter a new range and spread prolifically, is currently becoming part of the public discourse in Scotland. This constitutes a valuable opportunity to study how people engage with new scientific concepts. We analysed focus group and personal interview data to examine how participants (including the general public, conservation volunteers and scientists) familiarized themselves with the ecological concept of invasive non-native species. Our analysis draws on the idea of anchoring in the formation of social representations, complemented by concepts from cognitive linguistics and conceptual blending, and defines anchoring as a process of information transfer from source to target domains. Our findings suggest that social representations of invasive non-native species were constituted to a large degree by perceptions of species' detrimental impacts and the human role in and responsibility for the introduction process. By contrast, the non-nativeness of a species was not relevant for participants from the general public and conservation volunteers. Three types of anchoring could be distinguished in our participants' discussions that differed with regard to the relations between source and target domain. Whereas participants from the general public and conservation volunteers used all three types of anchoring, scientists did not. The identification of different anchoring types also helped to explain incongruencies in the scientific discourse on invasive non-native species, and has implications for public information campaigns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.