Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Anthropometric Characteristics of Indoor Rock Climbers and Top Roped Climbing Performance

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INDOOR ROCK CLIMBERS AND TOP ROPED CLIMBING PERFORMANCE. Andrew C.S. Mitchell, Anjuna Bowhay and Joe Pitts. Biomechanics Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Historically, climbing was a sport dominated by males but in recent years the percentage of female climbers at indoor climbing facilities has risen to around 40%. Anthropometric comparisons between elite and recreational climbers have been carried out but few studies have compared male and female climbers and as such there is still debate as to which anthropometric factors are associated with climbing performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to see if a relationship existed between male and female climbers’ anthropometric and physiological characteristics and performance in a top-roped climbing trial. METHODS: Human subject approval was granted by the institutional ethics committee and 10 male (age 20.7 years 6 3.0, height 176.4cm 6 8.8, mass 67.7kg 6 9.6) and 10 female (age 23.2 years 6 3.8, height 165.3cm 6 5.2, mass 56.0kg 6 5.7) UK grade 6a/US grade 5.10b advanced level sports climbers were recruited. The following anthropometric data were collected: height (cm), arm span (cm), mass (kg), BMI, then chest, axilla, triceps, subscapular, thigh, suprailliac and abdominal skin folds (mm) were measured three times using skinfold callipers. Ape index was calculated by dividing arm span by height. Dominant hand pinch, crimp and hand grip strength were measured three times using a handgrip dynamometer and grip ratios were calculated by dividing mean grip measurements by mass. Subjects then undertook three grade 6a top-roped climbs, which were timed and a mean calculated. Climbs including falls were excluded and re-tested. RESULTS: Independent samples T-tests showed that female climbers exhibited significantly greater skin fold measurements than the males at the triceps (p =
Tuning Function-Based Adaptive Observer Backstepping Control for Parametric Output Feedback Systems

An nonlinear adaptive observer based on filters is designed for parametric output feedback systems, and based on this observer using observer backstepping method to design an adaptive controller. Tuning function method is used to avoid over-parametrization. Nonlinear damping is used to counteract the destabilizing effect of the observation errors. This scheme is different from the K-filter scheme and MT-filter scheme. We use the estimated states as the virtual control other than the output signals of the filters. The closed-loop system can be guaranteed all the signals involved globally uniformly bounded and the convergence of the tracking error
Towards a sandbox for the deobfuscation and dissection of PHP malware

The creation and proliferation of PHP-based Remote Access Trojans (or web shells) used in both the compromise and post exploitation of web platforms has fuelled research into automated methods of dissecting and analysing these shells. Current malware tools disguise themselves by making use of obfuscation techniques designed to frustrate any efforts to dissect or reverse engineer the code. Advanced code engineering can even cause malware to behave differently if it detects that it is not running on the system for which it was originally targeted. To combat these defensive techniques, this paper presents a sandbox-based environment that aims to accurately mimic a vulnerable host and is capable of semi-automatic semantic dissection and syntactic deobfuscation of PHP code.
Measurement of Cosmic Shear with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph

Weak lensing by large-scale structure allows a direct measure of the dark matter distribution. We have used parallel images taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope to measure weak lensing, or cosmic shear. We measure the shapes of 26,036 galaxies in 1292 STIS fields and measure the shear variance at a scale of 0. ′51. The charge transfer efficiency (CTE) of STIS has degraded over time and introduces a spurious ellipticity into galaxy shapes during the readout process. We correct for this effect as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and CCD position. We further show that the detected cosmic shear signal is nearly constant in time over the approximately 4 yr of observation. We detect cosmic shear at the 5.1 σ level, and our measurement of the shear variance is consistent with theoretical predictions in a ΛCDM universe. This provides a measure of the normalization of the mass power spectrum σ8 = 0.46 0.18. The 1 σ error includes noise, cosmic variance, systematics, and the redshift uncertainty of the source galaxies. This is consistent with previous cosmic shear measurements, but tends to favor those with a high value of σ8. It is also consistent with the recent determination of σ8 from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment.
Stable homotopical algebra and Γ-spaces

In this paper we advertise the category of Γ-spaces as a convenient framework for doing ‘algebra’ over ‘rings’ in stable homotopy theory. Γ-spaces were introduced by Segal [Se] who showed that they give rise to a homotopy category equivalent to the usual homotopy category of connective (i.e. (−1)-connected) spectra. Bousfield and Friedlander [BF] later provided model category structures for Γ-spaces. The study of ‘rings, modules and algebras’ based on Γ-spaces became possible when Lydakis [Ly] introduced a symmetric monoidal smash product with good homotopical properties. Here we develop model category structures for modules and algebras, set up (derived) smash products and associated spectral sequences and compare simplicial modules and algebras to their Eilenberg–MacLane spectra counterparts.
Representing variability in a family of MRI scanners

Promoting software reuse is probably the most promising approach to the cost‐effective development and evolution of quality software. An example of reuse is the successful adoption of software product families in industry. In a product family context, software architects anticipate product variation and design architectures that support product derivation in both space (multiple contexts) and time (changing contexts). Product derivation is based on the concept of variability: a single architecture and a set of components support a family of products. Modern software product families need to support increasing amounts of variability, leading to a situation where variability engineering becomes of primary concern. Variability is often introduced as an ‘add‐on’ to the system without taking the consequences for more than one lifecycle phase such as design or architecture into account. This paper (1) suggests a Variability Categorization and Classification Model (VCCM) for representing variability in the software lifecycle and (2) discusses a case study of a large‐scale software product family of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners developed by Philips Medical Systems. The study illustrates how variability can be made an integral part of system development at different levels of abstraction. VCCM has been applied to the scanner family as an analysis tool. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Spanish Is Learnt Matters: University Students’ Use of Language Learning Strategies

Abstract The study explored how Spanish is learnt at a South African university by analysing students’ self-reports on the use of language learning strategies. A mixed methods design was used. Considering that learning a foreign language poses particular and distinct challenges (as opposed to learning a second language), special attention was paid to aspects related to the learners’ ability to learn and the actions that they undertake to self-regulate their learning. The study found that the most frequently used strategies as perceived by students were compensation and metacognitive strategies. However, the study only found a statistically significant positive correlation between the perceived use of metacognitive strategies and the final marks received in the beginners’ course. Students who intended to continue studying Spanish also reported using statistically significantly more metacognitive strategies than those who eventually passed the beginners’ course but did not continue.
Use and referral patterns for 22 complementary and alternative medical therapies by members of the American College of Rheumatology: results of a national survey.

BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine rheumatologists' self-reported knowledge, perceptions of legitimacy, referral patterns, and use in practice of 22 complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. METHODS A survey was mailed to a random sample of 2000 physician members of the American College of Rheumatology asking respondents which (if any) CAM therapies they (1) knew enough about to discuss with patients, (2) considered part of "legitimate medical practice," and (3) "personally administered" to patients, or "referred patients to someone else" to administer. The response rate was 47%. RESULTS On average, the respondents reported knowing enough to discuss 10 of the therapies with patients, considered 9 to be part of legitimate medical practice, and had referred patients to someone else for 8 of the 22 therapies. Correlates of use and/or referral included sex, age, belief in the legitimacy of the therapies, and self-reported knowledge. CONCLUSIONS These results provide potentially important preliminary data regarding rheumatologists' responses to dramatic increases in the use of CAM therapies among their patients.
Inhibition of Tcf-4 Induces Apoptosis and Enhances Chemosensitivity of Colon Cancer Cells

Aberrant activation of β-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling has been implicated in human carcinogenesis, including colorectal cancer. In this study, we compared the effects of Tcf-4 knockdown with β-catenin knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity in SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cells using adenoviral vector-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Our results show that, compared to β-catenin knockdown, Tcf-4 knockdown more effectively inhibited colony formation, induced apoptosis, and increased 5-FU and oxaliplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the different efficacies observed with β-catenin and Tcf-4 knockdown in colon cancer cells. FOXO4 is a member of the subfamily of mammalian FOXO forkhead transcription factors and plays a major role in controlling cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Our data showed that the protein level of FOXO4 did not change after treatment with both β-catenin and Tcf-4 shRNA. However, β-catenin shRNA was found to increase the accumulation of phosphorylated FOXO4 S193 and decrease the expression of FOXO target genes p27Kip1 and MnSOD, whereas Tcf-4 shRNA showed the opposite effect. Therefore, compared to β-catenin knockdown, Tcf-4 knockdown shows better efficacy for inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells, which may be related to increased FOXO4 transcriptional activity. These results suggest that Tcf-4 is an attractive potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer therapy.
Developing research-informed practice in initial teacher education through school-university partnering

ABSTRACT There is limited research investigating models of partnering between University and Schools in initial teacher education (ITE). This project investigated, over a 10 year period, how student teachers in an English University on a one year course, draw on theoretical models, introduced in university sessions, when planning for a ‘creative week’ placement in schools. Working within an interpretivist paradigm drawing on data from 52 student teachers, 10 teachers and 50 children this case study explored a model of teacher education provision. Findings illuminated factors that inhibited student teachers from planning engaging lessons, which challenged their learners, including poor relationships between stakeholders, misunderstandings of the purpose of the placement and under developed knowledge and understandings of how to successfully draw on theoretical models to enhance learning, together with the challenges of limited time during a one year course. Findings also uncovered the extent to which student teachers were ‘allowed’ by some teachers, but not by others, to take risks in their practice, and the impact this has on student teachers’ sense of autonomy and confidence. Implications of the research demonstrate how findings can impact on ITE course design and partnering models between University and schools.
Stalking, mental disease, imputability: Thoughts on 20 cases

Stalking is the product of an interaction between context (including the dyadic relationship between stalker and victim) and individual factors such as psychopathology. Those who have stalking behaviour are often affected by mental disorders that may have a direct or indirect role in committing stalking. Literature reports that stalkers of former partners represent the widest sub-category of stalkers. A 2003 study indicates an average percentage of 49% stalkers of former partners reported in 40, showing a significant diversity of stalking behaviours with a faster wearing out rate. Several studies indicate a greater prevalence of psychosis among those who persecute strangers or acquaintances compared to stalkers of former partners (25% vs 11%). Some studies, besides the present survey, indicate a high prevalence of not otherwise specified Personality Disorders in stalkers, suggesting that stalking behaviour may be associated with several personality traits of various disorders. This study aims at finding empirical evidence to the data reported by the relevant scientific literature. We examined the expert surveys of 20 stalkers subjected to psychiatric-forensic evaluation for the crime of stalking (article 612/bis) in the years 2016/2017, drawn up by the Forensic Psychiatry Service in Cagliari. Through a specific grid, which allowed to guarantee anonymity and that stalkers could not be identified, they analyzed some demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, educational qualification), stalkers’ diagnoses, victims’ typology, types of stalking performed, paying a particular attention to violence manifestations, stalking duration and some psychiatric-forensic data. Our survey has highlighted that 19 stalkers (95%) are males, do not have a stable affective relationship and had to refer at least once to the Mental Health Service; (70%) of stalkers are unemployed or retired. From the psychiatric-forensic point of view, 14 stalkers (70%) are partially mind defective, 5 (25%) are totally mind defective, 1 has been recognized as mentally incompetent; 13 (65%) are socially dangerous. Furthermore, 45% of stalkers are affected by not otherswise specified (NOS) Personality Disorder. The prevalent diagnoses (Axis I) detected are: 8 stalkers (40%), are affected by Substance Use Disorder, 6 (30%), Bipolar and related disorders, 5 (25%) Spectrum Disorders of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders; 45% of victims of stalking are former partners. Due to the high possibility that stalkers develop a violent behaviour, present in half of the stalkers of former partners, and the chance of crime recidivism, in particular among stalkers affected by Personality Disorder, the Service of Forensic Psychiatry in Cagliari, in agreement with the Court, is drawing up guidelines that provide for the establishment of proper services where to follow the stalkers in order to limit recidivism of this crime.
Parenting Stress and the Use of Formal and Informal Child Care: Associations for Fathers and Mothers

We investigated relationships between nonparental care and psychological strains of parenthood. Using data from employed parents of children below 5 years of age (n = 6,886 fathers and mothers) from Waves 4 to 11 of the household panel survey Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA), we constructed a parenting stress scale from the average of four items (α = .76) administered in the Self-Completion Questionnaire. We ran panel random-effects regression models testing associations between amount and type of nonparental care and parenting stress, for both mothers and fathers. We distinguished between formal care, informal and family care (mainly grandparents), and mixed care. Results showed that fathers and mothers’ parenting stress is positively associated with hours of nonparental care, but that for both genders parenting stress is significantly lower if the care is provided by informal/family carers.
Short-term memory-based control of wind energy conversion systems

Variable speed wind turbine control is essential in extracting maximum electric power out of available wind power. The paper presents a memory-based method for variable speed control of wind energy conversion systems. The fundamental idea behind the method is to use certain memorized information (i.e., current rotor speed tracking error, most recent speed tracking error, and previous control experience) to directly modify the control command. The salient feature of the proposed approach lies in its simplicity in design and implementation. Furthermore, the total required memory space does not grow with time and is much smaller than most existing learning control methods. It is shown that this method, when applied to firing angle control of wind turbines, is able to ensure rotor speed tracking in the presence of varying operation conditions, as verified via computer simulation
Parent adherence to psychologist recommendations: The role of expressed emotion about child and reaction to diagnosis

PARENT ADHERENCE TO PSYCHOLOGIST RECOMMENDATIONS: THE ROLE OF EXPRESSED EMOTION ABOUT CHILD AND REACTION TO DIAGNOSIS by LESLEY HETTERSCHEIDT August 2011 Advisor: Dr. Douglas Barnett Major: Psychology (Clinical) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy For the majority of children with significant behavioral or academic problems at school, the first course of action is to participate in a psychological evaluation. Upon completion of the evaluation parents receive an integrative report containing numerous recommendations for how to improve the well-being of their child. Fifty-one child clients who were referred and completed a comprehensive assessment for behavioral or academic problems were recruited for this study. A year or more after the evaluations were completed, parents of the children were asked about each written report recommendation, whether or not it was followed, and reasons for non-adherence. Expressed Emotion and reaction to diagnosis were also coded for each parent. Overall it seems that children either improve, or at the very least do not get worse following a psychological assessment. Additionally, the present study found that children with higher IQs improve more than those with lower IQ. Findings indicate parents are relatively adherent to report recommendations, but adherence is not linked to Expressed
Peranan Inovasi Produk Terhadap Competitive Advantage Melalui Business Model Canvas Pada PT. Martina Berto Tbk

Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana inovasi produk dan peranan inovasi produk pada PT. Martina Berto Tbk terhadap keunggulan bersaing dengan cara mengkaji ulang model bisnis yang selama ini dipakai oleh PT. Martina Berto Tbk dengan menggunakan sembilan elemen yang terdapat dalam business model canvas. Sembilan elemen tersebut adalah customer segments, value propotitions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streans, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, dan cost structures. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif , menggunakan tiga narasumber, teknik pengambilan subjek penelitian dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dan pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui proses wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa PT. Martina Berto Tbk sudah berusaha melakukan inovasi produk seperti memproduksi lipstik Duo Lip Colour dan Eyeshadow Liquid, tetapi inovasi yang dilakukan belum sepenuhnya berpengaruh terhadap keunggulan bersaing.
Advances in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Unipolar Depression

Objective: To describe the main innovations in our theoretical understanding of depression and key clinical developments in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). We outline the current status of CBT and discuss how it can respond to the public health problem of depression. Method: We undertook a narrative literature review. Results: CBT provides a sophisticated, empirically grounded account of depression and an evidence-based therapeutic approach for people who suffer from depression. Beyond its efficacy in treating acute depression, it has prophylactic effects and is acceptable to various populations in a range of settings. Good theoretical accounts of the emergence of depression in adolescence are forthcoming; to date, however, attempts at primary prevention are unconvincing. Our understanding of factors contributing to positive outcomes is growing, allowing CBT to be tailored to individual client needs. Conclusions: CBT is a mainstay approach to depression. Significant remaining challenges include tailoring it to different populations and settings and, most importantly, ensuring that it is more readily accessible.
Assessment of Low Density Full-Waveform Airborne Laser Scanning for Individual Tree Detection and Tree Species Classification

The paper investigated the possible gains in using low density (average 1 pulse/m2) full-waveform (FWF) airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for individual tree detection and tree species classification and compared the results to the ones obtained using discrete return laser scanning. The aim is to approach a low-cost, fully ALS-based operative forest inventory method that is capable of providing species-specific diameter distributions required for wood procurement. The point data derived from waveform data were used for individual tree detection (ITD). Features extracted from segmented tree objects were used in random forest classification by which both feature selection and classification were performed. Experiments were conducted with 5532 ground measured trees from 292 sample plots and using FWF data collected with Leica ALS60 scanner over a boreal forest, mainly consisting of pine, spruce and birch, in southern Finland. For the comparisons, system produced multi-echo discrete laser data (DSC) were also analyzed with the same procedures. The detection rate of individual trees was slightly higher using FWF point data than DSC point data. Overall detection accuracy, however, was similar because commission error was increased when omission error was decreasing. The best overall classification accuracy was 73.4% which contains an 11 percentage points increase when FWF features were included in the classification compared with DSC features alone. The results suggest that FWF ALS data contains more information about the structure and physical properties of the environment that can be used in tree species classification of pine, spruce and birch when comparing with DSC ALS data.