Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shame and Rational Choice in Offending Decisions

This study examined the effects of shame proneness and two types of anticipated shame states—shame due to exposure and shame without exposure—in a rational choice model of offending intentions. Using scenario-based survey data from a sample of university students, it was found that (a) anticipated shame states without exposure reduced intentions to drive drunk and shoplift and (b) anticipated shame states due to exposure reduced shoplifting intentions. By contrast, shame proneness had a positive effect on decisions to commit both drunk driving and shoplifting. The findings support the rational choice model of offending and indicate that the effects of shame are important components in individuals' decisions to offend.
Comparisons of infant mortality in the Austrian Empire Länder using the Tafeln (1851-54)

In this paper we measure differences in infant mortality among the central European populations of the Austrian Empire during the mid-19th century using data published in the Tafeln zur Statistik der Osterreichischen Monarchie (Statistical Tables of the Austrian Monarchy). Our aim is mainly methodological, i.e., to illustrate the extraordinary richness of this data, and to discuss whether the quality of the material on infant mortality published around 1850 in the Tafeln guarantees comparability between regions. This article demonstrates that – with several exceptions – the quality of the material on infant mortality published in the Tafeln around 1850 guarantees reliable comparability between the Empire’s Lander. Data on sex, age at death, and legitimacy were all recorded with great accuracy. This article – of a methodological nature – provides only a few examples of potential analyses which might be carried out using such rich and detailed territorial data. The geography of mortality in the first three years of life varied by age, but according to intervals different than those usually employed when studying early mortality. Four ages can be identified (first month, months 1-5, months 6-17, and months 18-35) with a geography of differing mortality. In all likelihood, in these four age groups, mortality differences between Lander were motivated by diverse reasons.
Increased prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To compare the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among those with no history of heart failure (HF), and to determine risk factors for diastolic dysfunction in RA. Methods A cross-sectional, community-based study comparing cohorts of adults with and without RA and without a history of HF was carried out. Standard two-dimensional/Doppler echocardiography was performed in all participants. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as impaired relaxation (with or without increased filling pressures) or advanced reduction in compliance or reversible or fixed restrictive filling. Results The study included 244 subjects with RA and 1448 non-RA subjects. Mean age was 60.5 years in the RA cohort (71% female) and 64.9 years (50% female) in the non-RA cohort. The vast majority (>98%) of both cohorts had preserved ejection fraction (EF≥50%). Diastolic dysfunction was more common in subjects with RA at 31% compared with 26% (age and sex adjusted) in non-RA subjects (OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4). Patients with RA had significantly lower LV mass, higher pulmonary arterial pressure and higher left atrial volume index than non-RA subjects. RA duration and interleukin 6 (IL-6) level were independently associated with diastolic dysfunction in RA even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion Subjects with RA have a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction than those without RA. RA duration and IL-6 are independently associated with diastolic dysfunction, suggesting the impact of chronic autoimmune inflammation on myocardial function in RA. Clinical implications of these findings require further investigation.
Does the Simon effect affect movement execution?

The present work set out to test the prediction of the dual-route response selection account of the Simon effect, which maintains that the Simon effect, and its facilitation and interference components, should show up at the response selection stage irrespective of when it takes place during processing. Previous works have shown that in the case of a movement response, two strategies can be adopted for responding. The main difference between these two response strategies consists of when response selection operations take place. The two experiments reported in the present study showed that when response selection operates clearly before movement initiations, the Simon effect shows up in reaction time and not in movement time.
Characterization of bacteria degrading 3‐hydroxy palmitic acid methyl ester (3OH‐PAME), a quorum sensing molecule of Ralstonia solanacearum

Bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes severe crop loss of eggplant, which is of economic importance in India. 3‐hydroxy palmitic acid methyl ester (3OH‐PAME) is the main quorum sensing molecule governing the expression of virulence factors in R. solanacearum. Ability of 164 bacterial isolates from the xylem of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and wild eggplant (Solanum torvum Sw.) to degrade 3OH‐PAME was tested by disc diffusion assay. Enzymatic degradation of 3OH‐PAME by five bacteria was confirmed by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis. 3OH‐PAME degrading bacteria were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodococcus corynebacterioides. 3OH‐PAME degrading bacteria reduced the expression of virulence factors (exopolysaccharides and endoglucanase) of R. solanacearum in vitro and reduced wilt incidence in eggplant seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Isolates with quorum quenching activity successfully re‐colonized eggplant seedlings. Quorum quenching bacteria produced antagonistic compounds, which may act synergistically with quorum quenching in reducing bacterial wilt in eggplant.
Recognition of emotion in Japanese, Western, and Hindustani music by Japanese listeners 1

Japanese listeners rated the expression of joy, anger and sadness in Japanese, Western, and Hindustani music. Excerpts were also rated for tempo, loudness, and com- plexity. Listeners were sensitive to the intended emotion in music from all three cultures, and judgments of emotion were related to judgments of acoustic cues. High ratings of joy were associated with music judged to be fast in tempo and melodically simple. High ratings of sadness were associated with music judged to be slow in tempo and melodically complex. High ratings of anger were associated with music judged to be louder and more complex. The findings suggest that listeners are sensitive to emotion in familiar and un- familiar music, and this sensitivity is associated with the perception of acoustic cues that transcend cultural boundaries.
The effects of global similarity between stimuli on children's judgment of rime and alliteration

A total of 38 preschool children (3 and 4 years old) were assessed on a set of phonological awareness tasks three times over the course of a year. The tasks used were rhyme and alliteration matching tasks with distractor items that were either semantically or phonologically related to the target. In both tasks, the children found the distractors matched for phonological similarity more difficult to reject than the semantically related distractors or the unrelated distractors. The results emphasize the importance of controlling for global phonological factors when designing phonological awareness tasks. The longitudinal findings are discussed within the context of current theories on the development of phonological representations.
Factor Structure of the Dutch Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-SF among Female Sex Workers in the Netherlands

In this study, the factor structure of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire short form (CTQ-SF) in a group of 123 female sex workers in the Netherlands was examined. Structural equation modeling was used to perform the confirmatory factor analysis. The fit between the five-factor model of Bernstein and Fink and the observed empirical model was good. We found a five-factor solution accounting for 66.65% of the variance. With the exception of one item (“I knew there was someone to take care of me and protect me”), factor analysis showed encouraging factor loadings.
Music Teachers at Risk for Attrition and Migration

This study examined the effects of teacher characteristics, school conditions, teacher efficacy, external support, and remuneration on music educators' risk for attrition and migration. Data from the 1999—2000 Schools and Staffing Survey—a comprehensive, nationally representative survey of teachers, principals, and schools conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics—were examined for 1,931 music teacher participants. Based on sequential logistic regression analysis, significant predictors included young age (less than 30 years; 30—39 years), teaching in a secondary or private school, extracurricular hours, schoolwide concerns, limited support from administrators and parents, lower salary, and dissatisfaction with salary. When not controlling for school conditions and teacher efficacy, female music teachers were more likely than males to be at greater risk, and minority teachers were more likely to be a high risk than nonminorities. No observed effects were found for older teachers, education, mentoring, and school location. Implications for music teacher retention policy are discussed.
Les conduites à risque des jeunes : un modèle socio-séquentiel de la genèse de la mise en danger de soi

Cet article s’interesse a la genese de trois formes de mise en danger de soi : la prise de risques, l’addiction, la transgression. Au sein de cette genese, le premier mecanisme sequentiel est celui des facteurs genetiques et prenatals, expressions de notre heritage biologique. Ensuite, vont progressivement se construire : le controle social du danger par deux mecanismes socio-sequentiels : le type de lien mere/enfant (et les consequences de l’attachement et des insecurisations affectives) et la structure familiale et son evolution (les evenements de la vie) ; l’apprentissage social du danger par deux autres mecanismes socio-sequentiels : l’imitation de ce que les parents donnent a observer a l’enfant par leurs comportements (la transmission intergenerationnelle des comportements dangereux), et le controle du comportement de l’enfant (le style educatif parental).
Child Neglect: Practitioners' Perspectives

The research described here is an exploratory study of child neglect which focuses on practitioners' perspectives. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was a practitioner workshop from which data were obtained about perceptions of neglect. The second stage consisted of a sample survey of 20 cases registered in the category of neglect. Key workers of these cases were interviewed using semi-structured interview schedules based on material derived from the workshop. Major findings are that neglect is multifactorial and long term. Factors relating to parents/caregivers emerge as being integral to the way practitioners define neglect. Emotional/relational factors are seen to be central to practitioners' understandings of how children come to be neglected and the association between deprivation and neglect is underlined. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Analysis of Young Children's Ability to Produce Multisyllabic English Nouns

Differentiation of normal versus delayed acquisition of correct production of multisyllabic words has not become a useful clinical tool because there are no clearly established clinical guidelines. Identification of normal patterns of emergence and progression of words with complex canonical form could help us to understand deficient development and would facilitate identification of phonological delays. In this investigation, phonological simplifications were determined for bisyllabic and multisyllabic English nouns produced by 72 normal, middle-class children. The children's age range was 24.5 to 54.5 months. Findings indicated that syllable deletion was a strategy used extensively by 2-year-olds, but this phonological process showed dissolution with age and, by the age of 4, syllable number was correct except in some words with atypical English stress patterns such as bisyllabics with iambic stress patterns. Target words were analysed for characteristics that were likely to cause syllable deletions, an.
Exploration of Problematic Internet Use and Loneliness among Distance Education Students

The current study investigated the relationship between problematic Internet use and levels of loneliness among 311 distance education students. “The Problematic Internet Use Scale” and “UCLA-Loneliness Scale III” were used to collect the data. Independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to examine the differences; and correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between variables. Findings revealed that male students’ use of the Internet was more problematic compared to female students’. As the time spent on the Internet increased, so did the problematic Internet use levels. In addition, the problematic Internet use levels of students varied with regard to marital status and not varied regard to their ages. A significant relationship was found between the level of problematic Internet use and loneliness, and loneliness was found to be among the predictors of problematic Internet use. Implications and suggestions for further research are provided.
A truly human interface: interacting face-to-face with someone whose words are determined by a computer program

We use speech shadowing to create situations wherein people converse in person with a human whose words are determined by a conversational agent computer program. Speech shadowing involves a person (the shadower) repeating vocal stimuli originating from a separate communication source in real-time. Humans shadowing for conversational agent sources (e.g., chat bots) become hybrid agents (“echoborgs”) capable of face-to-face interlocution. We report three studies that investigated people’s experiences interacting with echoborgs and the extent to which echoborgs pass as autonomous humans. First, participants in a Turing Test spoke with a chat bot via either a text interface or an echoborg. Human shadowing did not improve the chat bot’s chance of passing but did increase interrogators’ ratings of how human-like the chat bot seemed. In our second study, participants had to decide whether their interlocutor produced words generated by a chat bot or simply pretended to be one. Compared to those who engaged a text interface, participants who engaged an echoborg were more likely to perceive their interlocutor as pretending to be a chat bot. In our third study, participants were naïve to the fact that their interlocutor produced words generated by a chat bot. Unlike those who engaged a text interface, the vast majority of participants who engaged an echoborg did not sense a robotic interaction. These findings have implications for android science, the Turing Test paradigm, and human–computer interaction. The human body, as the delivery mechanism of communication, fundamentally alters the social psychological dynamics of interactions with machine intelligence.
Bullying, workers’ health, and labour instability

Violence and bullying in the workplace seem to be an increasing phenomenon in Europe, even though self reported bullying shows wide variations across nations.1 Bullying in the workplace is certainly not a recent phenomenon and is probably inherent to many human relations and organisations. However, its rising importance could be related to the global deterioration of working conditions.1,2 Thus the European Parliament,3 besides an increasing number of countries has legislated to cut down on and prevent these occurrences.4 Notwithstanding the importance of these legal measures, we are faced with crucial problems. At the working population level, the crux of the matter is that we are facing two unresolved questions: how can we measure bullying behaviours and its deleterious effects on the victim? What are the dimensions of interest? Which methods can be used? The wide variations observed across surveys and/or places is probably the expression of the difficulty in measuring bullying, and moreover, of the different interpretations from one context to another one. The second question is what impact has bullying on the worker’s health and wellbeing? According to Einarsen, bullying is characterised by “repeated and enduring negative acts”. 5 Its manifestations are described in the literature as forms of “intimidation”, “physical violence”, “discrimination”, “threats”, “social isolation”, “destabilisation”. As Hirigoyen states, bullying can be behaviours, words, acts, gestures, writings that can affect the personality, the dignity, or physical or psychological integrity.6 ### Key points …
University Preparation for Workplace Writing

This study investigated how Canadian university student interns in three disciplines perceived their educational preparation for workplace writing. The students' perceptions differed markedly according to disciplinary background, with Management students responding very positively about their preparation, Political Science students responding positively, and Communications Studies students responding negatively. The authors discuss how these responses potentially reflect differing student expectations; theorypractice linkages; and patterns of integrating instruction and practice in research, analysis, and workplace genres across these disciplines. The results suggest that universities can prepare students for workplace writing by providing them with instruction and practice in common workplace genres, relevant research and analytic skills, experience in collaborative writing, ample feedback on their writing, and an appreciation for the socially situated nature of genres and genre acquisition. The authors also point to the benefits of work placement and internship programs and suggest directions for further research.
Evaluation of a University‐Based Mentoring Program: Mentors’ Perspectives on a Service‐Learning Experience

Researchers in the educational field have investigated how a caring adult can best provide mentoring support to youth placed at risk and what functions a mentoring program should serve to promote healthy mentoring relationships. However, the perspective of mentors rarely has been sought to elicit their evaluation of a mentoring program or recommendations for programmatic change. The purpose of this article was to investigate the views of university students serving as mentors in high‐need high schools or community centers. We asked 49 students, primarily undergraduates across a range of liberal arts disciplines, who were participating in a university‐based service‐learning mentoring program for youth attending high‐poverty high schools: (a) what activities they engaged in with mentees, (b) how they benefited from the mentoring program, and (c) how they perceived the program and what recommendations they had for change. Findings revealed specific suggestions that mentoring program coordinators can adopt to address mentors’ concerns and promote sustained, durable mentoring relationships for youth.
The personality‐identity interplay in emerging adult women: convergent findings from complementary analyses

The present study examined whether identity development occurs in tandem with personality development in emerging adulthood. Three‐wave longitudinal data on a sample of 351 female college students were used to answer questions about stability and change, direction of effects, and interrelated developmental trajectories. Four identity dimensions (i.e. commitment making, exploration in breadth, identification with commitment, and exploration in depth) and the Big Five were assessed. Identity and personality were found to be meaningfully related at the level of both the time‐specific adjacent measures and the underlying developmental trajectories with various degrees of convergence. Cross‐lagged analyses substantiated reciprocal influences and Latent Growth Curve Modelling substantiated common developmental pathways that partially mirrored the concurrent relations. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matched pair of CoolMOST/sup TM/ transistor with SiC-Schottky diode-advantages in application

The new CoolMOS/sup TM/ C3 generation combines extremely high on-state conductivity with ultra fast switching speed at full pulse current capability. In the first generation of CoolMOS/sup TM/, due to the small chip size, one had a reduction of the saturation current at the cell level. This technique results in a reduced current capability of the device at low gate voltages. In many applications, the outstanding switching performance of the cannot be utilized due to the dynamic behaviour of CoolMOS/sup TM/ the diode. For this reason ,a whole family of SiC-diodes has been developed to get the ideal matched pair of switch and ultra fast diodes. The goal of ultra low loss applications in SMPS, power factor correction circuits and motor control units will be achieved completely.
Compression stockings with moderate pressure are able to reduce chronic leg oedema

Aim To compare the efficacy of compression stockings and inelastic, high-pressure bandages concerning leg volume reduction in patients with chronic leg oedema. Material and methods Forty-two legs of 30 patients with chronic leg oedema caused by venous stasis were randomized to receive a strong inelastic bandage (IB) or an elastic stocking (ES) exerting a pressure of 23–32 mmHg. Changes in leg oedema were assessed after two and seven days by water displacement volumetry, measurements of leg circumferences and of skin thickness by using Duplex ultrasound. Interface pressure was registered under the compression devices for seven days. Results There was no significant difference between stockings and bandages, which both produced a significant reduction in leg volume after two days (−9.6% [95% CI 7.5–11.8] by ES and −11.5% [95% CI 9.9–13.2%] by IB) and after seven days (−13.2% [95% CI 10.4–16.2] by ES and −15.6% [95% CI 12.8–18.4] by IB). Bandages showed a more pronounced reduction in leg circumference and in skin thickness in the calf region. The pressure of IB in the lying position fell from initially 63 to 22 mmHg after two days, but only from 33 to 26 mmHg under ES (median values). The optimal pressure range concerning oedema reduction was found between 40 and 60 mmHg, while higher pressures produced by bandages showed a negative correlation with volume reduction. Conclusions Compression stockings exerting a pressure of around 30 mmHg are nearly as effective as high-pressure bandages with an initial pressure over 60 mmHg in reducing chronic leg oedema.