Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer Survivorship in the Age of YouTube and Social Media: A Narrative Analysis

Background As evidenced by the increasing popularity of YouTube (www.youtube.com), personal narratives shared through social media are an area of rapid development in communication among cancer survivors. Identifying the thematic and linguistic characteristics of YouTube cancer stories can provide a better understanding of this naturally occurring communication channel and inform social media communication efforts aiming to use personal stories to reach individuals with serious illnesses. Objective The objective of our study was to provide an in-depth description of authentic personal cancer stories. Through a linguistically based narrative analysis of YouTube stories, the analysis explicates the common attributes of these narratives. Methods Informed by narrative theories, we conducted an iterative, bottom-up analysis of 35 YouTube videos identified by the search terms “cancer survivor” and “cancer stories”. A list of shared thematic and linguistic characteristics was identified and analyzed. Results A subnarrative on the cancer diagnosis was present in 86% (30/35) of the stories under analysis. These diagnostic narratives were characterized by dramatic tension, emotional engagement, markers of the loss of agency or control, depersonalized reference to the medical personnel, and the unexpectedness of a cancer diagnosis. The analysis highlights the themes of story authenticity and emotional engagement in this online communication medium. Conclusions Internet advances have enabled new and efficient exchange of personal stories, including the sharing of personal cancer experience among cancer survivors and their caregivers. The analytic results of this descriptive study point to the common characteristics of authentic cancer survivorship stories online. Furthermore, the results of this descriptive study may inform development of narrative-based communication, particularly in maintaining authenticity and emotional engagement.
Sirenomelia of an Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Conceptus: A Case Report and Review of Mechanism

Postmortem dissection of the 18-week male conceptus, product of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), demonstrated the hallmark findings of sirenomelia. The lower legs were fused and the left knee was rotated medially. Internal organs showed hypoplastic lungs, a multicystic kidney, and unilateral ureteral hypoplasia. The vitelline artery was absorbed, in a classic fashion, into the umbilical artery and communicated with the aorta at a point proximal to the iliac arteries. The tributaries distal to this point were hypoplastic. This finding is consistent with previously documented cases of sirenomelia and is thought to be the pathogenetic mechanism resulting in a vascular steal from the lower extremities. A rare finding was the presence of a penis on the dorsal side just below a perforate anus. In this case report, we discuss the pertinent clinical history and autopsy findings. A brief review of the mechanism thought to give rise to sirenomelia is provided. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sirenomelia in an ICSI conceptus.
The drivers of domestic acquisitions in People's Republic of China: a resource-based analysis

Domestic acquisitions of firms in emerging markets have so far evaded scholarly interest. This article contributes to closing this gap by looking into the drivers of cross-province acquisitions in the People's Republic of China, covering 569 deals in manufacturing industry conducted between 1999 and 2012. Drawing on the resource-based view, this study looks at prior Chief Executive Officer (CEO) experience and organizational slack as two drivers of cross-province acquisitions, and analyses the moderating effects of firm ownership types and the location of an acquiring firm. The results show that private firms having CEOs with experience outside of the home province are the drivers of cross-province acquisitions in China.
Age-Stratified Prevalences of Pneumococcal-Serotype-Specific Immunoglobulin G in England and Their Relationship to the Serotype-Specific Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Prior to the Introduction of the Pneumococcal 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine

ABSTRACT Recent changes to the childhood immunization schedule in the United Kingdom have resulted in the inclusion of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. However, the seroprevalence of pneumococcal antibodies in the population was unknown. To address this, we measured pneumococcal, age-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations specific for nine serotypes by an assay run on the Bioplex platform, using 2,664 serum samples collected in England from 2000 to 2004. The lowest concentrations of IgG specific to all serotypes and the proportions of serotype-specific IgG concentrations of ≥0.35 μg/ml were observed in children aged <1 year. From 1 year on, there was a general increase in antibody levels with increasing age, and they remained high in adults. Maternal antibody was detected in young children aged <36 days but waned rapidly. Comparison of the age-specific seroprevalence of serotype-specific IgG to the serotype-specific incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease demonstrated a general inverse relationship for all age groups except the elderly. These data provide a baseline for natural immunity to the pneumococcal serotypes analyzed prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United Kingdom.
Gender Wage Gap in Urban Nicaragua: Evidence from Decomposition Analysis

This paper empirically investigates explanations to the gender wage gap in urban Nicaragua for 2005 and 2009. For this task, using data from the EMNV survey, we applied an Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) decomposition (standard and correcting for selection bias) of the mean wage and the novel Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regression method introduced by Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009) for the wage distribution. In this way, we explore in detail which factors influence the mean wage gap and the presence of a "sticky floor effect". The results show that the wage structure accounts for a large share of the differences in mean wages and across the distribution. We do not find evidence that selection bias affects this result for the mean. Moreover, we found a reduction in the wage gap and in discrimination during the period of study, especially at the lower and upper part of the distribution. We argue that the mean gap and the differences at the upper half are driven by taste-based discrimination outlined in Becker's (1971) view. In contrast, the sticky floor effect is driven by occupational segregation due to discrimination in commerce and service activities. Meanwhile, at the upper part of the distribution this effect appears in sales and clerical occupations.
Explaining External Perceptions: The EU and China in African Public Opinion

While the past decade has seen a remarkable growth in research on external perceptions of the EU, this literature remains characterized by three important gaps: highly uneven geographical coverage, lack of comparisons between the EU and other actors, and a near-exclusive focus on description to the detriment of explanation. This article introduces a novel explanatory framework for perceptions research and applies this to popular perceptions of the EU and China in 19 Sub-Saharan African countries, shedding light on a neglected dimension of the ‘traditional’ versus ‘emerging donors’ debate. It finds, first, that China has quickly succeeded in becoming more well-known among African populations than the EU. Second, popular perceptions do not reflect the antagonism pervading the discourse on ‘emerging donors’, with both the EU and China enjoying broad-based popular support. Finally, preferences are a function primarily of individual experiences and outlooks, refuting earlier claims on the importance of national-level factors.
E‐government in New Zealand: the local authority perspective

In New Zealand (NZ) there are plans afoot to create an e‐government that will automate government‐to‐government and government‐to‐citizen interactions and allow anyone, anywhere to go online any time to obtain information, to complete transactions, and to communicate with their elected representatives, cheaply, quickly, and efficiently. A total of 16 key issues, which various authors argue are critical to the success of USA e‐government initiatives, are described and evaluated in light of the NZ e‐government environment. The significance afforded to these issues by NZ local authority e‐government policymakers when they implement their own e‐government initiatives suggests that eight of the issues are considered significant, four are not considered significant, and four remain inconclusive at this time. Of the key issues, six are not well understood. It is also concluded that NZ local authorities are at an early evolutionary stage of e‐government development.
Milking responses of cows given premilking stimulation at four lactational stages.

Milk yield, machine-on time, peak milk flow rate, average milk flow rate, and milk composition were measured in 10 Holstein Friesian cows after receiving no premilking stimulation (i.e., teat cups attached to the udder without premilking washing or teat manipulation) and manual premilking stimulation (30 s udder and teat massage and withdrawal of a few squirts of milk followed by a 30 s delay) at approximately 100, 160, 220, and 280 days postpartum. Milk yield was not different for cows milked with premilking stimulation as compared with cows receiving no premilking stimulation at each stage of the trial. Machine-on time was consistently shorter for cows receiving premilking stimulation. Peak milk flow rate and average flow rate were also uniformly greater in cows receiving premilking stimulation. Milk fat yields were always slightly higher for cows given premilking stimulation compared with those receiving no premilking stimulation. Protein yields did not differ between treatments at any lactational state. Differences in machine-on time and certain milk flow variables are congruent between cows given premilking manual massage and no premilking stimulation during short trials at specific stages of lactation.
Arrested development: the experience of European hard disk drive firms in comparison with US and Japanese firms

Abstract. This paper analyses how US, Japanese, and European HDD firms responded to technological shifts in the hard disk industry from 1973 through 1996. Leading incumbent US HDD firms were frequently forced out of the market. Leading Japanese incumbent firms in the same industry, however, were not displaced by these changes. US startup firms thrived under these technological shifts, displacing US incumbent firms. Japanese startups did poorly. European firms encountered the worst of both worlds: its incumbent firms were frequently displaced by technological changes, as were US firms; while startup firms (with one exception) performed as poorly as those in Japan.
Immunoreactivity of Brazilian HIV isolates with different V3 motifs.

Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA *Departamento de Immunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil **Laboratorio de Immunogenetica e Transplante Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo ***Laboratorio de Retrovirus, Servico de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil ****DIPA, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil *****Laboratorio Avancado de Saude Publica, Centro de Pesquisa Goncalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brasil
Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation.

CONTEXT The Framingham Heart Study produced sex-specific coronary heart disease (CHD) prediction functions for assessing risk of developing incident CHD in a white middle-class population. Concern exists regarding whether these functions can be generalized to other populations. OBJECTIVE To test the validity and transportability of the Framingham CHD prediction functions per a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop organized for this purpose. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS Sex-specific CHD functions were derived from Framingham data for prediction of coronary death and myocardial infarction. These functions were applied to 6 prospectively studied, ethnically diverse cohorts (n = 23 424), including whites, blacks, Native Americans, Japanese American men, and Hispanic men: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1987-1988), Physicians' Health Study (1982), Honolulu Heart Program (1980-1982), Puerto Rico Heart Health Program (1965-1968), Strong Heart Study (1989-1991), and Cardiovascular Health Study (1989-1990). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The performance, or ability to accurately predict CHD risk, of the Framingham functions compared with the performance of risk functions developed specifically from the individual cohorts' data. Comparisons included evaluation of the equality of relative risks for standard CHD risk factors, discrimination, and calibration. RESULTS For white men and women and for black men and women the Framingham functions performed reasonably well for prediction of CHD events within 5 years of follow-up. Among Japanese American and Hispanic men and Native American women, the Framingham functions systematically overestimated the risk of 5-year CHD events. After recalibration, taking into account different prevalences of risk factors and underlying rates of developing CHD, the Framingham functions worked well in these populations. CONCLUSIONS The sex-specific Framingham CHD prediction functions perform well among whites and blacks in different settings and can be applied to other ethnic groups after recalibration for differing prevalences of risk factors and underlying rates of CHD events.
Cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in young adulthood

During early adulthood, a phase in which the central nervous system displays considerable plasticity and in which important cognitive traits are shaped, the effects of exercise on cognition remain poorly understood. We performed a cohort study of all Swedish men born in 1950 through 1976 who were enlisted for military service at age 18 (N = 1,221,727). Of these, 268,496 were full-sibling pairs, 3,147 twin pairs, and 1,432 monozygotic twin pairs. Physical fitness and intelligence performance data were collected during conscription examinations and linked with other national databases for information on school achievement, socioeconomic status, and sibship. Relationships between cardiovascular fitness and intelligence at age 18 were evaluated by linear models in the total cohort and in subgroups of full-sibling pairs and twin pairs. Cardiovascular fitness, as measured by ergometer cycling, positively associated with intelligence after adjusting for relevant confounders (regression coefficient b = 0.172; 95% CI, 0.168–0.176). Similar results were obtained within monozygotic twin pairs. In contrast, muscle strength was not associated with cognitive performance. Cross-twin cross-trait analyses showed that the associations were primarily explained by individual specific, non-shared environmental influences (≥80%), whereas heritability explained <15% of covariation. Cardiovascular fitness changes between age 15 and 18 y predicted cognitive performance at 18 y. Cox proportional-hazards models showed that cardiovascular fitness at age 18 y predicted educational achievements later in life. These data substantiate that physical exercise could be an important instrument for public health initiatives to optimize educational achievements, cognitive performance, as well as disease prevention at the society level.
Chitinolytic Activity in Nasal Polyps

Background Chitin is a recognition element for tissue infiltration by innate cells implicated in allergy and immunity. This process can be negatively regulated by vertebrate chitinases. Both acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and chitotriosidase (ChT) have chitinolytic activity. This study aimed to determine the activities of AMCase and ChT in nasal polyps (NPs), as well as their in situ localization in NP tissue. Methods AMCase and ChT activities in NPs were compared with those in inferior turbinate tissue samples. Tissue samples were measured for AMCase and ChT activities at a range of pHs using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N,N′,N″-triacetyl-chitotriose. Double immunofluorescent staining for the localization of both AMCase and ChT was performed using NP cryosections. Results Both AMCase and ChT displayed markedly increased chitinolytic activity in all NPs, compared with inferior turbinate tissues. Double immunofluorescent staining revealed that CD68 highlighted monocytes in the submucosa of NP and these cells disclosed coexpression of AMCase and ChT. CD31 detected capillary endothelial cells, but did not express any AMCase and ChT. Conclusion The increased chitinolytic activities of AMCase and ChT in NPs may be important in NP pathogenesis, suggesting that inhibition of chitinolytic activity may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NPs.
The Impact of Entrepreneur Behaviors on the Quality of e-Commerce Security: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Findings

Abstract This research examines the impact of entrepreneur behaviors on the quality of e-commerce security in urban small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. It hypothesized that the influence of these behaviors would be stronger in rural than urban SMEs. Stevenson's descriptive model of the behavior of managers and Miller's entrepreneurial orientation concept were used to examine this relationship. One hundred and six SMEs participated in the survey and the results show that lack of propensity for risk handling; irrational commitment to opportunities, propensity for resource minimisation and desire for control influence negatively affect the quality of e-commerce security. Over-reliance on external resources did not have a significant effect. A comparison of urban and rural correlation coefficients did not support the claims that the above behaviors were much stronger in rural than urban SMEs.
Migration, Job Change, and Wage Growth: A New Perspective on the Pecuniary Return to Geographic Mobility

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this study examines the pattern of early career job mobility and migration in a sample of young male workers. Primary interest lies in the between-job wage change accompanying job transitions as well as the extended time-profile of migrant earnings. When the sample of job transitions is partitioned by education level, contemporaneous returns are found only for workers with twelve or less years of completed schooling. In contrast, highly educated workers demonstrate significant extended returns to migration with the bulk of pecuniary rewards accruing with a lag of nearly two years. Copyright Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2003
Inflammatory cytokine response in sulfur mustard‐exposed mouse skin † ‡

Assessment of anti‐inflammatory therapies against sulfur‐mustard (bis(2‐chloroethyl)sulfide, HD)‐induced skin injury has mainly relied on qualitative histopathological evaluation. Development of quantifiable inflammatory biomarkers using fast and reliable molecular methods is needed for screening anti‐inflammatory drugs against HD injury. In this study, we used two different HD exposure models to determine the in vivo cutaneous response of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1α,IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), in order to identify a suitable inflammatory biomarker common to both models. In the first model, the backs of hairless mice were exposed to HD vapor (1.4 g m−3) or sham controls for 6 min using an occluded vapor cup technique. In the second model, right ears of CD1 mice were exposed to a solution (5.0 μl of 195 mM) of HD (0.16 mg) in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) whereas left ears received only CH2Cl2 (vehicle control). Sulfur‐mustard‐induced skin inflammation was assessed in skin punch specimens collected at time points up to 24 h post‐exposure. Edema was determined by measuring tissue weight, and cytokine content was measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay. Characterized by an increase in edema and IL‐6, HD provoked a cutaneous inflammatory response in both models beginning at 6 h post‐exposure and continuing to 24 h. An increase in IL‐1α was observed only in the hairless mouse model, also beginning at 6 h post‐exposure and continuing to 24 h. No IL‐1β or TNF‐α response was observed at any time point in either exposure model. These data document the in vivo production of cutaneous IL‐6, a distinct inflammatory biomarker, in two different HD exposure models. We conclude that IL‐6 should be a useful in vivo biomarker for evaluating anti‐inflammatory drugs against HD‐induced skin injury. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relevance of quantifiable audit qualifications in the valuation of IPOs

How useful are audit qualifications to financial statement users? We analyze a sample of 204 firms that went public at the Athens Stock Exchange over the period 1987–2002. For 149 of these firms, auditors report quantitative estimates of the amount by which assets are overstated and/or liabilities are understated in reported financial statements. We find that underwriters and their affiliated analysts do not incorporate the negative information provided by these qualifications into offer prices and earnings forecasts. Investors, however, appear to efficiently impound the negative implications of the audit qualifications into stock market prices within the first day of trading. The results suggest that underwriters tend to align their interests with the interests of their clients, the old stockholders, at the expense of the new stockholders. They also suggest that the practice of reporting quantifiable qualifications in audit reports is valuable to investors given that they are disclosed by an expert.
Saudi Women Leaders: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract The January 2013 appointment of thirty Saudi women leaders to the Majlis al-Shura (Consultative Council) underlined the commitment of the late King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz to greater engagement by Saudi women in the national decision-making process. Institutions including the Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce and Industry and the King Abdulaziz Center for National Dialogue now offer platforms for women to enter official deliberations, both nationally and regionally. This paper shows how Saudi women leaders confront and deal with the new challenges and opportunities available to them, and discusses some of the challenges they face, the methods they use to deal with such challenges, and ways and means through which they activate their leadership roles. Additionally, the study attempts to advance our understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing women at the forefront of societal reform, that is, the leaders of societal groupings arguing that Saudi female leaders, the “trailblazers”, can play a positive role in Saudi national development.