Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Verbal and Visual Metaphors in Biological Theories

The work reported in this extended abstract has evolved from research concerned with the characterisation of domains for the development of knowledge based systems (KBSs) (Paton et al, 1991 and 1993). It has long been recognised that knowledge acquisition is a key stage in the construction of a KBS but also that it presents a major hurdle to a designer. We had sought to approach this problem by attempting to present a detailed analysis of a domain so that the tasks, the usual computable products of knowledge acquisition, could be placed in context. In this case the context describes the cognitive domain of an expert and the real world domain in which he or she solves problems and also makes references. It became very clear that one of the key underlying cognitive structures involved in the maintenance and evolution of a domain (as a cognitive object) is the theoretical framework which the expert uses to structure the domain and solve problems. Current approaches to knowledge acquisition favour the generation of models which are intermediate between the real world or an expert, and a piece of computer code. We have argued that these approaches remain shallow because they do not address the problem of how to interpret what people say and do in that deeper modelling relations which a theory supports are not made explicit. As our work has progressed we have found that the theoretical nature of domains is an extremely important area for investigation.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) A magnetic confinement versus rotation classification of massive-star magnetospheres

Building on results from the Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) project, this paper shows how a two-parameter classification of massive-star magnetospheres in terms of the magnetic wind confinement (which sets the Alfvén radius RA) and stellar rotation (which sets the Kepler co-rotation radius RK) provides a useful organization of both observational signatures and theoretical predictions. We compile the first comprehensive study of inferred and observed values for relevant stellar and magnetic parameters of 64 confirmed magnetic OB stars with Teff 16 kK. Using these parameters, we locate the stars in the magnetic confinement–rotation diagram, a log–log plot of RK versus RA. This diagram can be subdivided into regimes of centrifugal magnetospheres (CM), with RA > RK, versus dynamical magnetospheres (DM), with RK > RA. We show how key observational diagnostics, like the presence and characteristics of Hα emission, depend on a star’s position within the diagram, as well as other parameters, especially the expected wind mass-loss rates. In particular, we identify two distinct populations of magnetic stars with Hα emission: namely, slowly rotating O-type stars with narrow emission consistent with a DM, and more rapidly rotating B-type stars with broader emission associated with a CM. For O-type stars, the high mass-loss rates are sufficient to accumulate enough material for line emission even within the relatively short free-fall time-scale associated with a DM: this high mass-loss rate also leads to a rapid magnetic spindown of the stellar rotation. For the B-type stars, the longer confinement of a CM is required to accumulate sufficient emitting material from their relatively weak winds, which also lead to much longer spindown time-scales. Finally, we discuss how other observational diagnostics, e.g. variability of UV wind lines or X-ray emission, relate to the inferred magnetic properties of these stars, and summarize prospects for future developments in our understanding of massive-star
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK o f ATLANTA WORKING PAPER SERIES Product Market Regulation and Market Work : A Benchmark Analysis

Recent empirical work finds a negative correlation between product market regulation and aggregate employment. We examine the effect of product market regulations on hours worked in a benchmark aggregate model of time allocation as well as in a standard dynamic model of entry and exit. We find that product market regulations affect time devoted to market work in effectively the same fashion that taxes on labor income or consumption do. In particular, if product market regulations are to affect aggregate market work in this model, the key driving force is the size of income transfers associated with the regulation relative to labor income, and the key propagation mechanism is the labor supply elasticity. We show in a two-sector model that industry-level analysis is of little help in assessing the aggregate effects of product market regulation. JEL classification: E24, J22, L5
Compound naming in Greek-speaking individuals with the agrammatic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia

The paper reports findings obtained from a naming by definition task in two Greek-speaking individuals with the agrammatic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA-G). One of the patients was at an early stage of the disease while the other was at a more advanced stage. The patient who was at a later stage produced a greater number of errors that differed significantly from healthy controls. This suggests that PPA-G affects compound naming albeit at a later stage. Qualitative error analysis highlights morphological impairment behind these difficulties in contrast to stroke induced aphasia.
MR Imaging Findings of Extraovarian Endocervical Mucinous Borderline Tumors Arising from Pelvic Endometriosis

We report MR imaging findings of a rare case of endocervical mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) involving the cul-de-sac and left fallopian tube arising from extensive pelvic endometriosis with pathologic correlation in a 35-year-old woman presented with vague pelvic pain. Endocervical MBT is a type of endometriosis-associated carcinoma. Imaging findings of endocervical MBT are unilocular or oligolocular cystic lesions with enhancing mural nodules, which are different from those of the more common intestinal type MBT.
STRONG Training Mothers Recovering from Substance Abuse to Identify and Treat Their Children ’ s Illnesses ( Under the direction of

Parents who abuse drugs and alcohol are at increased risk of child maltreatment, including the neglect of their children's health. The present research investigates the effectiveness of the SafeCare® Health module in training mothers with a history of substance abuse living in a residential treatment facility to correctly identify and treat their children's illnesses. Three mothers of children ages 5-years-old and younger participated in the study. Using a multiple-baseline, single-case experimental design, the research team examined the participants' ability to select the most appropriate course of action for addressing their children's illnesses. Results indicate that parents' skills increased steadily during the intervention, with two of the three participating parents demonstrating mastery of the skills presented. The results suggest that this intervention has great potential to be feasible and effective with this population in this setting. Future research should further investigate the relevance of this intervention with vulnerable populations living in a residential setting to examine whether the changes in targeted parenting skills result in changes in behavior that impact child maltreatment incidence reductions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS`I would like to acknowledge my committee chair, Dr. John R. Lutzker, for his invaluable insight and expertise throughout this process. Thank you for your seemingly infinite amount of patience and commitment to seeing that I graduate. I would also like to express my gratitude to my committee members, Drs. Jenelle Shanley and Shannon Self-Brown for their helpful feedback and support. I would not have had the motivation to complete this project without the most important people in my life, my mother, father, brother and sister. Your faith in me kept me going and I am grateful for all your love, jokes, encouragement, and loans. I would also like to thank my fellow GRAs, Emily Gaskin and Kate Guastaferro, and all my friends (especially Ivy and Naima) who kept me focused and on track with one simple question, " So, have you finished your thesis yet? " AUTHOR'S STATEMENT In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or to publish this thesis may be granted by the author or, in his/her absence, by the professor under whose direction it was …
The Chebotarev Density Theorem in Short Intervals and Some Questions of Serre

the unique normalized cusp form of weight 12 with respect to the full modular group. Although Lehmer’s speculation that τ(n) 6= 0 for every positive n remains open, Serre [S] has made substantial progress on the basic question regarding the number of Fourier coefficients of a modular form which can be zero. He shows (see [p. 179, S]) that τ(n) is non-zero for the vast majority of n. In the same paper, Serre proposes the study of the nonvanishing of Fourier coefficients in short intervals. In particular, if
Prior Swapping for Data-Independent Inference

While Bayesian methods are praised for their ability to incorporate useful prior knowledge, in practice, priors that allow for computationally convenient or tractable inference are more commonly used. In this paper, we investigate the following question: for a given model, is it possible to use any convenient prior to infer a false posterior, and afterwards, given some true prior of interest, quickly transform this result into the true posterior? We present a procedure to carry out this task: given an inferred false posterior and true prior, our algorithm generates samples from the true posterior. This transformation procedure, which we call "prior swapping" works for arbitrary priors. Notably, its cost is independent of data size. It therefore allows us, in some cases, to apply significantly less-costly inference procedures to more-sophisticated models than previously possible. It also lets us quickly perform any additional inferences, such as with updated priors or for many different hyperparameter settings, without touching the data. We prove that our method can generate asymptotically exact samples, and demonstrate it empirically on a number of models and priors.
Testing for Indeterminacy: An Application to U. S. Monetary Policy

This paper considers a prototypical monetary business cycle model for the U.S. economy, in which the equilibrium is undetermined if monetary policy is ‘inactive? In previous multivariate studies it has been common practice to restrict parameter estimates to values for which the equilibrium is unique. We show how the likelihood-based estimation of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models can be extended to allow for indeterminacies and sunspot fluctuations. We propose a posterior odds test for the hypothesis that the data are best explained by parameters that imply determinacy. Our empirical results show that the Volcker-Greenspan policy regime is consistent with determinacy, whereas the pre-Volcker regime is not. We find that before 1979 non-fundamental sunspot shocks may have contributed significantly to inflation and interest rate volatility, but essentially did not affect output fluctuations.
Internal Localization of Modular Robot Ensembles

The determination of the relative position and pose of every robot in a modular robotic ensemble is a necessary preliminary step for most modular robotic tasks. Localization is particularly important when the modules make local noisy observations and are not significantly constrained by interrobot latches. In this paper, we propose a robust hierarchical approach to the internal localization problem that uses normalized cut to identify subproblems with small localization error. A key component of our algorithm is a simple method to reduce the cost of normalized cut computations. The result is a robust algorithm that scales to large, non-homogeneous ensembles. We evaluate our algorithm in simulation on ensembles of up to 10,000 modules.
Experimental and Clinical Evaluation of Capsular and Parenchymal Total Liver Perfusion

Liver blood flow measurements obtained from both the liver surface and deep within the parenchyma, were correlated in an effort to assess the usefulness of laser-Doppler flowmetry for non-invasive monitoring of total liver blood flow, the probe being positioned on either the surface or within the liver parenchyma. In 23 Wistar rats and 10 biliary surgery patients, anaesthetized prior to gallbladder removal, liver microcirculation was measured at 4 points on the capsular surface, and consequently at 4 points deep within the parenchyma, using probes connected to a laser-Doppler flowmeter. The findings revealed that laser-Doppler measurements on the liver surface and within the parenchyma were well correlated, as no statistically significant differences were found either in rats or humans. It is concluded that laser- Doppler flowmetry for monitoring of total liver perfusion can be applied either on the capsular surface or within the hepatic parenchyma.
What Relationship Researchers and Relationship Practitioners Wished the Other Knew: Integrating Discovery and Practice in Couple Relationships

As we consider what both family scientists and practitioners can learn from each other, we discuss important advances in relationship and marriage education (RME). We note best practices for research and review recent evaluative findings from randomized controlled trial studies that have important implications for RME. An almost singular RME focus on teaching communication and conflict resolution skills may not be as valuable as it was believed to be. We discuss recent shifts in RME, share results from recent research, and advocate for a balanced approach that incorporates both skill-based and principles-based approaches. Important insights can be gained from disciplines outside of family and relationship science, and we encourage both family scientists and practitioners to broaden the scope of models of healthy relationship functioning. Finally, we offer some direction for future progress and issue a call for more integrative and rigorous efforts in both the science of discovery and practice.
Can structure formation influence the cosmological evolution

The back reaction of structure formation influences the cosmological evolution equation for the homogenous and isotropic average metric. In a cold dark matter universe this effect leads only to small corrections unless a substantial fraction of matter is located in regions where strong gravitational fields evolve in time. A``cosmic virial theorem'' states that the sum of gravitational and matter pressures vanishes and, therefore relates the average kinetic energy to a suitable average of the Newtonian potential. In the presence of a scalar ``cosmon'' field mediating quintessence, however, cosmology could be modified if local cosmon fluctuations grow large. We speculate that this may trigger the accelerated expansion of the universe after the formation of structure.
Irish Dancing in Sydney: Global Patterns, Local Practices

ABSTRACT Irish dancing has undergone global dissemination in a pattern which mirrors the dissipation of Irish citizens to multiple diasporic locations. As was the case in Ireland itself, practices of Irish dancing are grounded in localised contexts: historical, political, economic and social. In Australia, Irish immigrants have a long settlement history, were eventually absorbed into the white majority population, and currently enjoy economic comfort. Irish step dancing became enfranchised through fusion with other genres and the global influence of electronic media. The effects of this positional change were felt not only in Ireland but throughout the world, including Sydney Australia. This paper draws on ethnographic data collected in Sydney to contextualise current Irish dancing practices there. Irish dancing is prominent in the amateur performance arena and is valued by its practitioners for the personal and social benefits it provides. Yet it is firmly situated within the majority populace of white Australians. Studies of Irish dancing practices reflect the social situation of both the dancing itself and the participants who dance it and thus engage with discourses concerning diaspora, community and performance studies.
Host Evasion by Burkholderia cenocepacia

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Some strains of B. cenocepacia are highly transmissible and resistant to almost all antibiotics. Approximately one-third of B. cenocepacia infected CF patients go on to develop fatal “cepacia syndrome. ” During the last two decades, substantial progress has been made with regards to evasion of host innate defense mechanisms by B. cenocepacia. Almost all strains of B. cenocepacia have the capacity to survive and replicate intracellularly in both airway epithelial cells and macrophages, which are primary sentinels of the lung and play a pivotal role in clearance of infecting bacteria. Those strains of B. cenocepacia, which express both cable pili and the associated 22 kDa adhesin are also capable of transmigrating across airway epithelium and persist in mouse models of infection. In this review, we will discuss how this type of interaction between B. cenocepacia and host may lead to persistence of bacteria as well as lung inflammation in CF patients.
Diagnostic accuracy of blood lactate-to-pyruvate molar ratio in the differential diagnosis of congenital lactic acidosis.

BACKGROUND Although the blood lactate-to-pyruvate (L:P) molar ratio is used to distinguish between pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDH-D) and other causes of congenital lactic acidosis (CLA), its diagnostic accuracy for differentiating between these 2 types of CLA has not been evaluated formally. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of all patients followed for mitochondrial diseases between 1985 and 2005 in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. RESULTS At the recommended cut point of approximately 25, individual median L:P ratio demonstrated low sensitivity and specificity (77% and 91%, respectively) for differentiating between patients with enzymatically proven PDH-D (n = 11) and those with mitochondrial disease but normal pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity (non-PDH; n = 35). We observed a strong positive association between L:P ratio and blood lactate in non-PDH CLA, whereas this association was weak in PDH-D CLA. Consequently, patient classification based on median L:P ratio showed improved diagnostic accuracy at higher lactate concentrations: for lactate <2.5 mmol/L the area under the ROC curve was not statistically different from 0.5 (P = 0.3), whereas it was statistically different for lactate >2.5 mmol/L. In the 2.5 to 5.0 mmol/L lactate category, the sensitivity and specificity at an optimal cut point of 18.4 were 93% (95% CI, 77%-99%) and 71% (95% CI, 20%-96%), respectively; for lactate >5.0 mmol/L, with an optimal cut point of 25.8, sensitivity and specificity were 96% (95% CI, 77%-99%) and 100% (95% CI, 59%-100%), respectively. CONCLUSION Usefulness of the L:P ratio for differentiating non-PDH and PDH-D types of CLA increases at higher lactate concentrations.
Quadratically integrable geodesic flows on the torus and on the Klein bottle

In the present paper we prove, that if the geodesic flow of a metric G on the torus T is quadratically integrable, then the torus T isometrically covers a torus with a Liouville metric on it, and describe the set of quadratically integrable geodesic flows on the Klein bottle.
Ground truth generation in medical imaging: a crowdsourcing-based iterative approach

As in many other scientific domains where computer--based tools need to be evaluated, also medical imaging often requires the expensive generation of manual ground truth. For some specific tasks medical doctors can be required to guarantee high quality and valid results, whereas other tasks such as the image modality classification described in this text can in sufficiently high quality be performed with simple domain experts. Crowdsourcing has received much attention in many domains recently as volunteers perform so--called human intelligence tasks for often small amounts of money, allowing to reduce the cost of creating manually annotated data sets and ground truth in evaluation tasks. On the other hand there has often been a discussion on the quality when using unknown experts. Controlling task quality has remained one of the main challenges in crowdsourcing approaches as potentially the persons performing the tasks may not be interested in results quality but rather their payment. On the other hand several crowdsourcing platforms such as Crowdflower that we used allow creating interfaces and sharing them with only a limited number of known persons. The text describes the interfaces developed and the quality obtained through manual annotation of several domain experts and one medical doctor. Particularly the feedback loop of semi--automatic tools is explained. The results of an initial crowdsourcing round classifying medical images into a set of image categories were manually controlled by domain experts and then used to train an automatic system that visually classified these images. The automatic classification results were then used to manually confirm or refuse the automatic classes, reducing the time for the initial tasks. Crowdsourcing platforms allow creating a large variety of interfaces for judgements. Whether used among known experts or paying for unknown persons, they allow increasing the speed of ground truth creation and limit the amount of money to be paid.
The CloudSat mission and the A-train: a new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation

CloudSat is a satellite experiment designed to measure the vertical structure of clouds from space. The expected launch of CloudSat is planned for 2004, and once launched, CloudSat will orbit in formation as part of a constellation of satellites (the A-Train) that includes NASA's Aqua and Aura satellites, a NASA–CNES lidar satellite (CALIPSO), and a CNES satellite carrying a polarimeter (PARASOL). A unique feature that CloudSat brings to this constellation is the ability to fly a precise orbit enabling the fields of view of the CloudSat radar to be overlapped with the CALIPSO lidar footprint and the other measurements of the constellation. The precision and near simultaneity of this overlap creates a unique multisatellite observing system for studying the atmospheric processes essential to the hydrological cycle. The vertical profiles of cloud properties provided by CloudSat on the global scale fill a critical gap in the investigation of feedback mechanisms linking clouds to climate. Measuring these profi.
Sulphur chemistry in the envelopes of massive young stars

The sulphur chemistry in nine regions in the earliest stages of high-mass star formation is studied through single- dish submillimeter spectroscopy. The line profiles indicate that 10-50% of the SO and SO2 emission arises in high-velocity gas, either infalling or outflowing. For the low-velocity gas, excitation temperatures are 25 K for H2S, 50 K for SO, H2CS, NS and HCS + , and 100 K for OCS and SO2, indicating that most observed emission traces the outer parts (T 100 K) of six sources, the SO2 abundance is enhanced by a factor of ∼100-1000. This region of hot, abundant SO2 has been seen before in infrared absorption, and must be small, 100 K) gas, sulphur-bearing molecules cannot be used as evolutionary tracers during star