Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light-Element Evolution and Cosmic-Ray Energetics

Using cosmic-ray energetics as a discriminator, we investigate the viability of evolutionary models for the light elements Li, Be, and B (LiBeB). We find that models in which the cosmic rays are accelerated mainly out of the average interstellar medium which is increasingly metal-poor at early times significantly underpredict the measured Be abundance of the early Galaxy, the possible increase in [O/Fe] with decreasing [Fe/H] indicated by some recent data notwithstanding. On the other hand, if the cosmic-ray metals are accelerated primarily out of supernova ejecta-enriched superbubbles, such that the cosmic-ray source composition as a function of [Fe/H] remains similar to that of the current epoch, the measured Be abundances are consistent with a cosmic-ray acceleration efficiency that is in very good agreement with the current epoch data. This model requires the incorporation of neutrino-produced 11B. We show that, even though the production histories of the cosmic-ray-produced B and Be and the neutrino-produced 11B are different, B/Be can remain essentially constant as a function of [Fe/H]. We also find that neither the above cosmic-ray origin models nor a model employing low-energy cosmic rays originating from the supernovae of only very massive progenitors can account for the 6Li data at values of [Fe/H] below -2.
Immunoglobulin gamma 2b transgenes inhibit heavy chain gene rearrangement, but cannot promote B cell development

Transgenic mice with a gamma 2b transgene were produced to investigate whether gamma 2b can replace mu in the development of B lymphocytes. Transgenic gamma 2b is present on the surface of B cells. Young transgenic mice have a dramatic decrease in B cell numbers, however, older mice have almost normal B cell numbers. Strikingly, all gamma 2b- expressing B cells in the spleen also express mu. The same is true for mice with a hybrid transgene in which the mu transmembrane and intracytoplasmic sequences replace those of gamma 2b (gamma 2b-mumem). The B cell defect is not due to toxicity of gamma 2b since crosses between gamma 2b transgenic and mu transgenic mice have normal numbers of B cells. Presence of the gamma 2b transgene strongly enhances the feedback inhibition of endogenous heavy chain gene rearrangement. Light chain genes are expressed normally, and the early expression of transgenic light chains does not improve B cell maturation. When the endogenous mu locus is inactivated, B cells do not develop at all in gamma 2b transgenic mice. The data suggest that gamma 2b cannot replace mu in promoting the developmental maturation of B cells, but that it can cause feedback inhibition of heavy chain gene rearrangement. Thus, the signals for heavy chain feedback and B cell maturation appear to be different.
Collaboration Trumps Homophily in Urban Mobile Crowdsourcing

This paper establishes the power of dynamic collaborative task completion among workers for urban mobile crowd-sourcing. Collaboration is defined via the notion of peer referrals, whereby a worker who has accepted a location-specific task, but is unlikely to visit that location, offloads the task to a willing friend. Such a collaborative framework might be particularly useful for task bundles, especially for bundles that have higher geographic dispersion. The challenge, however, comes from the high similarity observed in the spatio-temporal pattern of task completion among friends. Using extensive real-world crowd-sourcing studies conducted over 7 weeks and 1000+ workers on a campus-based crowd-sourcing platform, we quantify the effect of such "task completion homophily", and show that incorporating such peer-preferences can improve worker-specific models of task preferences by over 30%. We then show that such collaborative offloading works in spite of such spatio-temporal similarity, primarily because workers refer tasks to their close friends, who in turn perform such peer-requested tasks (with over 95% completion rate) even if they experience detours that are significantly larger (often more than twice) than what they normally tolerate for platform-recommended tasks.
Optimal Pattern Mining from Time-Series Cultivation Data of Soybeans for Knowledge Discovery

Recently, we can analyze and store big data by high performance computers. In this paper, we present a method of optimal pattern mining from soybean cultivation data for knowledge discovery by introducing an evaluation function based on differences in the frequency of high-yields and low-yields. We can discover factors affecting the growth of soybeans by analyzing optimal patterns extracted using evaluation functions. In our proposed method, optimal patterns are enumerated by eliminating elements that decrease the value of evaluation functions from frequent closed patterns. As a result, our experiment showed the efficiency of the proposed method. In addition, we can observe both general and new knowledge by analyzing extracted optimal pattern groups.
Hypothalamic Vasopressinergic Projections Innervate Central Amygdala GABAergic Neurons: Implications for Anxiety and Stress Coping

The arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-containing hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (VPMNNs) are known for their role in hydro-electrolytic balance control via their projections to the neurohypophysis. Recently, projections from these same neurons to hippocampus, habenula and other brain regions in which vasopressin infusion modulates contingent social and emotionally-affected behaviors, have been reported. Here, we present evidence that VPMNN collaterals also project to the amygdaloid complex, and establish synaptic connections with neurons in central amygdala (CeA). The density of AVP innervation in amygdala was substantially increased in adult rats that had experienced neonatal maternal separation (MS), consistent with our previous observations that MS enhances VPMNN number in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the hypothalamus. In the CeA, V1a AVP receptor mRNA was only observed in GABAergic neurons, demonstrated by complete co-localization of V1a transcripts in neurons expressing Gad1 and Gad2 transcripts in CeA using the RNAscope method. V1b and V2 receptor mRNAs were not detected, using the same method. Water-deprivation (WD) for 24 h, which increased the metabolic activity of VPMNNs, also increased anxiety-like behavior measured using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and this effect was mimicked by bilateral microinfusion of AVP into the CeA. Anxious behavior induced by either WD or AVP infusion was reversed by CeA infusion of V1a antagonist. VPMNNs are thus a newly discovered source of CeA inhibitory circuit modulation, through which both early-life and adult stress coping signals are conveyed from the hypothalamus to the amygdala.
Sampling frequency trade-offs in the assessment of mean transit times of tropical montane catchment waters under semi-steady-state conditions

Precipitation event samples and weekly based water samples from streams and soils were collected in a tropical montane cloud forest catchment for 2 years and analyzed for stable water isotopes in order to understand the effect of sampling frequency in the performance of three lumped-parameter distribution functions (exponential-piston flow, linear-piston flow and gamma) which were used to estimate mean transit times of waters. Precipitation data, used as input function for the models, were aggregated to daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly and bi-monthly sampling resolutions, while analyzed frequencies for outflows went from weekly to bi-monthly. By using different scenarios involving diverse sampling frequencies, this study reveals that the effect of lowering the sampling frequency depends on the water type. For soil waters, with transit times on the order of few weeks, there was a clear trend of over predictions. In contrast, the trend for stream waters, which have a more damped isotopic signal and mean transit times on the order of 2 to 4 years, was less clear and showed a dependence on the type of model used. The trade-off to coarse data resolutions could potentially lead to misleading conclusions on how water actually moves through the catchment, notwithstanding that these predictions could reach better fitting efficiencies, fewer uncertainties, errors and biases. For both water types an optimal sampling frequency seems to be 1 or at most 2 weeks. The results of our analyses provide information for the planning of future fieldwork in similar Andean or other catchments.
Automatic Identification of Hills and Ranges Using Morphometric Analysis

The breadth of cartographic techniques developed over the centuries for representing the earth’s morphology is testament to its importance (Imhof, 1982). The shape of the earth’s surface reflects a multitude of geomorphological processes interacting with the surficial geology. Altitude, slope and aspect have a huge bearing on patterns of land use and habitation. The correct interpretation and ‘reading’ of the landscape is critical to navigational tasks and safe route planning and execution (Purves et al., 2002). A variety of cartographic techniques have been developed to convey morphology – from the very fine scale, using hachuring (Regnauld et al., 2002), hill shading and contouring (Mackaness & Stevens, 2006), through to the very coarse scale in which colour tints and text are used to convey highly generalised caricatures of components of the earth’s surface (Figure 1).
Adjustment to aging, subjective age and age representation: Assessing a nationally-diverse population of older adults

Aim: This research sought to analyse older adults’ conceptualization of adjustment to aging (AtA), subjective age (SA) and age representation (AR), adding a cross-national comparative perspective to aging well. Method: Questionnaires were completed, assessing participants’ background information. Semis-structured interviews were performed, addressing three core areas: SA, AtA and AR. Complete information on 231 older adults aged between 74-102 years (M = 83.1; SD = 6.692) from four different nationalities, was available. Data was subjected to content analysis. Results: Seven categories were identified to contribute to AtA: ‘accomplishment, personal fulfilment and future projects’, ‘occupation, profession, autonomy and leisure’, ‘health status, physical and intellectual functioning’, ‘valorisation of time and age’, ‘family, social and interpersonal attachment’, ‘stability, quality and financial situation’, and ‘sense of limit and existential issues’. Five categories were identified for SA: ‘with congruence’, ‘without concern’, ‘with apprehension’, ‘young-at-heart’ and ‘good enough’. For AR, eight emergent categories were found: ‘future investment’, ‘reconciliation with life’, ‘present challenge’, ‘regret about the past’, ‘dynamic life’, ‘with contentment’, ‘as an opportunity’ and ‘with dissatisfaction’. Conclusion: This research contributes for a better understanding of what defines AtA, SA and AR in older adults. Moreover, interventions and communication approaches in clinical practice and program development in health care context should focus on shared perceptions of aging well.
Social Event Detection at MediaEval : a three-year retrospect of tasks and results

This paper presents an overview of the Social Event Detection (SED) task that has been running as part of the MediaEval benchmarking activity for three consecutive years (2011 2013). The task has focused on various aspects of social event detection and retrieval and has attracted a significant number of participants. We discuss the evolution of the task and the datasets, we summarize the set of approaches pursued by participants and evaluate the overall collective progress that has been achieved.
A new approach to pipeline FFT processor

A new VLSI architecture for a real-time pipeline FFT processor is proposed. A hardware-oriented radix-2/sup 2/ algorithm is derived by integrating a twiddle factor decomposition technique in the divide-and-conquer approach. The radix-2/sup 2/ algorithm has the same multiplicative complexity as the radix-4 algorithm, but retains the butterfly structure of the radix-2 algorithm. The single-path delay-feedback architecture is used to exploit the spatial regularity in the signal flow graph of the algorithm. For length-N DFT computation, the hardware requirement of the proposed architecture is minimal on both dominant components: log/sub 4/N-1 complexity multipliers and N-1 complexity data memory. The validity and efficiency of the architecture have been verified by simulation in the hardware description language VHDL.
Influences of Contact Frequency and Relationship Quality Family Relationships and Troubled Sleep among U . S . Adults : Examining the

Sleep is essential for health and daily functioning, and social relationships may be a key social factor influencing sleep, yet sleep has been understudied in the literature on social relationships and health. This study used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States to examine associations between troubled sleep and family contact, social support, and strain. Results show that having strained family relationships is associated with more troubled sleep, while supportive family relationships are associated with less troubled sleep. Family strain is more consequential for sleep than support, and sleep troubles are greatest when family relationships are highly strained and provide inadequate emotional support. Family strain is also more harmful to sleep among individuals who are in frequent contact with family members. These findings underscore the importance of focusing on both negative and positive aspects of relationships and highlight the significance of family relationships for sleep.
Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire: psychometric properties and validation in a population of portuguese hospital workers

Job Satisfaction is usually treated as a collection of feelings or affective responses associated with the job situation, or “simply how people feel about different aspects of their jobs” (Spector, 1997: 2). In 1967, Weiss et al. developed the short version of the MSQ - Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, a 5-point Likert-type scale with 20 items. This scale has been widely used in the literature being a well-known and stable over the time instrument with previous researches yielding excellent coefficient alpha. In this study we developed an exploratory factor analysis to assess the factor structure of this scale in a Hospital Workers sample, with N=140, recurring to IBM – PASW and encountered a 2-factor structure. Following this procedure, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis using AMOS, where our exploratory structure was compared with other structures found in previous studies. This work aims at improving our understanding of the nature and assessment of Job Satisfaction in the Portuguese healthcare context, providing a more stable ground for future research in this area.
Age and Metallicity Distribution of the Galactic Bulge from Extensive Optical and Near-IR Stellar Photometry

We present a new determination of the metallicity distribution, age, and luminosity function of the Galactic bulge stellar population. By combining near-IR data from the 2MASS survey, from the SOFI imager at ESO NTT and the NICMOS camera on board HST we were able to construct color-magnitude diagrams (CMD) and luminosity functions (LF) with large statistics and small photometric errors from the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) and Red Giant Branch (RGB) tip down to ∼0.15 M� . This is the most extended and complete LF so far obtained for the galactic bulge. Similar near-IR data for a disk control field were used to decontaminate the bulge CMDs from foreground disk stars, and hence to set a stronger constraint on the bulge age, which we found to be as large as that of Galactic globular clusters, or >10 Gyr. No trace is found for any younger stellar population. Synthetic CMDs have been constructed to simulate the effect of photometric errors, blending, differential reddening, metallicity dispersion and depth effect in the comparison with the observational data. By combining the near-IR data with optical ones, from the Wide Field Imager at the ESO/MPG 2.2 m telescope, a disk-decontaminated (MK,V-K )C MD has been constructed and used to derive the bulge metallicity distribution, by comparison with empirical RGB templates. The bulge metallicity is found to peak at near solar value, with a sharp cutoff just above solar, and a tail towards lower metallicity that does not appreciably extend below (M/H) ∼− 1.5.
Cohesion in the Essays of Final Year Senior High School Students in Accra Academy

This study investigated cohesion in the texts of final-year senior high school students. The purpose was to determine the types of cohesive devices that the students use, with emphasis on inter-sentential cohesion, as well as the ones they have problems with. In addition, the study aimed at ascertaining the extent to which students' problems with the use of cohesive devices can be attributed to the strategies teachers employ in teaching cohesion. Forty-five essays written by final-year students were analyzed based on Halliday and Hasan's (1976) classification of cohesion which are reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. The findings showed that students have problems using reference, conjunction and lexical cohesion that they depend on to write cohesive texts. Learners either misuse or overuse these linguistic tools in trying to achieve cohesion. This confirmed the results of previous studies. Also, eight teachers of English were made to answer questionnaires and also identify cohesive devices in a short paragraph, to determine whether the way cohesion is taught contributes to students’ difficulty in using cohesive devices. It was found out that, they were able to identify all the intra-sentential ties, but failed to identify the inter-sentential ones which were the focus of this study. Another revelation was that the teacher-centered methodology employed in teaching cohesion did not offer learners the opportunity to actively participate in the learning process. This study concludes that, students' problems with writing cohesive texts are attributed to their limited knowledge about the use of cohesive devices, lack of vocabulary and the way teachers teach cohesion. It is recommended that University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
Runtime Power Management of 3-D Multi-Core Architectures Under Peak Power and Temperature Constraints

3-D integration is a new technology that overcomes the limitations of 2-D integrated circuits, e.g., power and delay induced from long interconnect wires, by stacking multiple dies to increase logic integration density. However, chip-level power and peak temperature are the major performance limiters in 3-D multi-core architectures. In this paper, we propose a runtime power management method for both peak power and temperature-constrained 3-D multi-core systems in order to maximize the instruction throughput. The proposed method exploits dynamic temperature slack (defined as peak temperature constraint minus current temperature) and workload characteristics (e.g., instructions per cycle and memory-boundness) as well as thermal characteristics of 3-D stacking architectures. Compared with existing thermal-aware power management solutions for 3-D multi-core systems, our method yields up to 34.2% (average 18.5%) performance improvement in terms of instructions per second without significant additional energy consumption.
KELVIN: A Software Package for Rigorous Measurement of Statistical Evidence in Human Genetics

This paper describes the software package KELVIN, which supports the PPL (posterior probability of linkage) framework for the measurement of statistical evidence in human (or more generally, diploid) genetic studies. In terms of scope, KELVIN supports two-point (trait-marker or marker-marker) and multipoint linkage analysis, based on either sex-averaged or sex-specific genetic maps, with an option to allow for imprinting; trait-marker linkage disequilibrium (LD), or association analysis, in case-control data, trio data, and/or multiplex family data, with options for joint linkage and trait-marker LD or conditional LD given linkage; dichotomous trait, quantitative trait and quantitative trait threshold models; and certain types of gene-gene interactions and covariate effects. Features and data (pedigree) structures can be freely mixed and matched within analyses. The statistical framework is specifically tailored to accumulate evidence in a mathematically rigorous way across multiple data sets or data subsets while allowing for multiple sources of heterogeneity, and KELVIN itself utilizes sophisticated software engineering to provide a powerful and robust platform for studying the genetics of complex disorders.
Has Integration Promoted Business Cycle Synchronization in the Enlarged EU

This paper examines whether European integration, manifesting itself in increased trade and FDI linkages, new specializations and economic policy coordination, contributed to the synchronization of business cycles in the enlarged EU. We estimate the effects on bilateral growth rate correlations in 1995-2008 in a simultaneous equations model which permits to model endogenous relationships and unveil direct and indirect effects. Trade and FDI prove to have a strong impact on synchronization, specifically between incumbent and new EU members. More coordinated fiscal policies and, particularly in EU 15, the alignment of monetary policies promoted synchronization. Nevertheless, flexible exchange rates remained important adjustment instruments for the new member states. Increasing manufacturing specialization is not counteracting synchronization. The achieved EU income convergence, a declared objective of EU policy, supported business cycle synchronization.