Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Better Get Back to Work: A Role for Motor Beta Desynchronization in Incentive Motivation

Much research has been devoted to characterizing brain representations of reward and movement. However, the mechanisms allowing expected rewards to influence motor commands remain poorly understood. Unraveling such mechanisms is crucial to providing explanations of how behavior can be driven by goals, hence accounting for apathy cases in clinics. Here, we propose that the reduction of motor beta synchrony (MBS) before movement onset could participate in this incentive motivation process. To test this hypothesis, we recorded brain activity using magnetoencenphalography (MEG) while human participants were exerting physical effort to win monetary incentives. Knowing that the payoff was proportional to the time spent above a target force, subjects spontaneously took breaks when exhausted and resumed effort production when repleted. Behavioral data indicated that the rest periods were shorter when higher incentives were at stake. MEG data showed that the amplitude of MBS reduction correlated to both incentive level and rest duration. Moreover, the time of effort initiation could be predicted by MBS reduction measured at the beginning of rest periods. Incentive effects on MBS reduction and rest duration were also correlated across subjects. Finally, Bayesian comparison between possible causal models suggested that MBS reduction mediates the impact of incentive level on rest duration. We conclude that MBS reduction could represent a neural mechanism that speeds the initiation of effort production when the effort is more rewarded.
Economic Lessons Insert the Islamic Economy : How the Interest Action in Science High School Student Majoring?

Development Islamic economy in Indonesia is currently very rapid. Based on data from Bank of Indonesia in 2012, The islamic banking market share of the national banking sector increased by 0,6%. That it requires human resources who are capable for managing it. However, at this time has not fully insert Islamic economy in economic learning in senior high school and process of economic learning need insert islamics economy in teaching material. This study describes student interest in Islamic economics inserts economic subjects throughout East Java. The research method used was a survey using interest questionnaires to students and interviews with teachers. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique, namely schools that have an science majoring in economic interest. Sample consisted of 20 student randomly selected in Surabaya 10 Public High School at East Java. The results showed that 55% of students were very interested and 45% of students were of moderate interest to learn more about these subjects. This shows that the response of students is very good if these economic subjects are included in Islamic economics. Whereas from the results of interviews with teachers it was concluded that Islamic economic inserts should not be included in local content but included in the national curriculum on economic. In the future there will be a source of economic teaching materials insert Islamic economy, that will produce experienced human resources in Islamic economy.
Postural Reorganization Induced by Torso Cutaneous Covibration

Cutaneous information from joints has been attributed proprioceptive properties similar to those of muscle spindles. This study aimed to assess whether vibration-induced changes in torso cutaneous information contribute to whole-body postural reorganization in humans. Ten healthy young adults stood in normal and Romberg stances with six vibrating actuators positioned on the torso in contact with the skin over the left and right external oblique, internal oblique, and erector spinae muscle locations at the L4/L5 vertebrae level. Vibrations around the torso were randomly applied at two locations simultaneously (covibration) or at all locations simultaneously. Kinematic analysis of the body segments indicated that covibration applied to the skin over the internal oblique muscles induced shifts of both the head and torso in the anterior direction (torso flexion) while the hips shifted in the posterior direction (ankle plantar flexion). Conversely, covibration applied to the skin over the erector spinae muscle locations produced opposite effects. However, covibration applied to the skin over the left internal oblique and left erector spinae, the right internal oblique and right erector spinae, or at all locations simultaneously did not induce any significant postural changes. In addition, the center of pressure position as measured by the force plate was unaffected by all covibration conditions tested. These results were independent of stance and suggest an integrated and coordinated reorganization of posture in response to vibration-induced changes in cutaneous information. In addition, combinations of vibrotactile stimuli over multiple locations exhibit directional summation properties in contrast to the individual responses we observed in our previous work.
COMPARISON OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND NORMAL SUBJECTS

Major Depressive Disorder is one of the major mental health problems that affect the quality of life of the patients. The reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and elevated heart rate that associated with depression have been found as risk factors for cardiac mobility and mortality. These patients should be assessed regularly on HRV parameters and compare with those of normal subjects. This study aimed to compare heart rate variability between patients with the major depressive disorder and normal subjects. This study was conducted at a psychiatric department in Khon Kaen University, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen province, Thailand. A cross-sectional analytic study design was used. Forty patients diagnosed with the major depressive disorder (who had been treated with antidepressants) were matched according to age, gender with 40 normal subjects participated. They were assessed on HRV for time domain (standard deviation normal to normal: SDNN, and the root mean square of successive differences: RMSSD) and frequency domain (High frequency: HF, low frequency: LF, and LF/HF ratio) using SA 3000P Digital. The results showed that The HRV in the patients and in the normal subjects were found with SDNN 28.60, 31.44; RMSSD 23.78, 26.73; HF 4.70, 5.04; LF 4.46, 5.01; and LF/HF 1.16, 1.35 respectively. However, No significant difference in the HRV variables between MDD and normal subjects except LF. Findings of this study show that HRV in the treated patients with major depressive disorder seems to be a little lower than the normal subjects. This may be due to the effects of well treated with antidepressants. It is suggested that HRV may be one of the outcome measures for this patient population.
Automaticity of lexical access and executive control in Croatian-German bilinguals and second language learners

The aim of this study was to explore automaticity of lexical access and executive functions of language learners and bilinguals while considering their language automaticity. Three groups of youths aged 14 to 18 were tested: Croatian-German early bilinguals, Croatian high school students who participated in a German immersion programme at school and Croatian high school students of German as a foreign language. The participants were tested on a modified version of the Stroop test (i.e., a Stroop-like test). It presented pictures of an animal or an object with names of an animal or an object written over the picture. The names were written in Croatian or German and were either congruent or incongruent. Lexical access was slower for the bilinguals in both Croatian and German, which suggests that they used more of their cognitive resources because both of their languages were highly active, and more executive control was required to complete the task.
The effects of familiarity and robot gesture on user acceptance of information

In this study, we explore how people respond to the gesture of a robot as well as how perception toward a robot changes when familiarity increases. To investigate these objectives, we conducted an experiment over three weeks: firstly, we compared two groups (gesture vs. no gesture) to access how the gesture affects people's acceptance of information; and secondly, we compared three different time points within each condition to examine whether the contact frequency could influence the perception of a robot. The results showed participants in the gesture condition felt greater social interaction, enjoyment, and engagement over the course of three weeks than participants in the no-gesture condition. In addition, the results of longitudinal comparisons showed an interesting pattern (quadratic curve) of changes for enjoyment over three weeks. This study has successfully yielded the positive effects of robot's gestures and the important association between familiarity and perception changes in HRI.
The Formation of Environmentally Friendly Intentions of SME Owner-Managers in an Emerging Country: The Case of Tunisian’s Textile–Clothing Industry

We have little empirical evidence about the environmentally friendly, intention of owner-managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging country context despite recent developments of proenvironmental, practices. The main objective of our study is to address this gap by exploring the antecedents of environmentally friendly intentions among SME owner managers in, emerging market context. To achieve this objective, we test our, hypotheses in the textile–clothing industry in Tunisia. The textile–clothing industry represents high ecological risk due to the waste discharged into the environment. Our empirical observations confirm that the reasoned action approach is particularly robust to predict environmentally friendly intentions of SME owner-managers in an emerging market context.
Assessment of the Hemispheric Lateralization of Grapheme-Color Synesthesia with Stroop-Type Tests

Grapheme-color synesthesia, the idiosyncratic, arbitrary association of colors to letters or numbers, develops in childhood once reading is mastered. Because language processing is strongly left-lateralized in most individuals, we hypothesized that grapheme-color synesthesia could be left-lateralized as well. We used synesthetic versions of the Stroop test with colored letters and numbers presented either in the right or the left visual field of thirty-four synesthetes. Interference by synesthetic colors was stronger for stimuli in the right hemifield (first experiment, color naming task). Synesthetes were also faster in the right hemifield when naming the synesthetic color of graphemes (second experiment). Overall, the lateralization effect was 7 ms (the 95% confidence interval was [1.5 12] ms), a delay compatible with an additional callosal transfer for stimuli presented in the left hemifield. Though weak, this effect suggests that the association of synesthetic colors to graphemes may be preferentially processed in the left hemisphere. We speculate that this left-lateralization could be a landmark of synesthetic grapheme-color associations, if not found for color associations learnt by non-synesthete adults.
Survivability performance analysis of rerouting strategies in an ATM/VP DCS survivable mesh network

Several self-healing protocols utilizing virtual paths have been proposed in the relevant literature. Those which work in a mesh topology function according to three main rerouting strategies (though specific flooding administrations differ): local rerouting, source-destination rerouting, and local-destination rerouting. Most performance studies of self-healing protocols have considered restoration time as sole performance metric. This would have to be within the 2s threshold in order to guarantee service continuity. This one-sided metric needs to be completed. In this paper, I propose an extended performance(or goodness) metric framework in order to catch more performance aspects. In addition, this analysis uses survivability functions to measure the performance of rerouting strategies.
The role of B cells in the induction of peripheral T cell tolerance

The immune system of vertebrates is designed to protect against invading pathogens. To be able to deal with different antigenic threats, the T cell repertoire is very diverse. This diversity, though useful, can cause autoimmune diseases if any imbalances in the function of the immune system occur. However, the immune system has its own mechanisms for suppressing or regulating the potentially dangerous, autoreactive T cells. The first mechanism is central tolerance, where potentially self-reactive thymocytes, which encounter APC expressing self-encoded molecules, are triggered to undergo apoptosis so that the thymocytes are clonally deleted in the thymus. However, thymic deletion of self-reactive T cells seems only to affect cells of the highest affinity, and some autoreactive T cells (with low affinity to self-molecules) still manage to gain access to the periphery [1, 2]. Furthermore, only T cells, which recognize antigens expressed within the thymus, are clonally deleted. This means that T cells, which are capable of recognizing tissue-restricted antigens, can still manage to make it to the periphery [2]. To deal with the threat posed by these self-reactive T cells, there are mechanisms for induction of peripheral T cell tolerance. Tolerance can be defined as the state of unresponsiveness to a specific antigen as a result of the presence of one or more mechanisms, which suppress the immune reaction. Thus, tolerance is an active process and is not just the absence of an immune response. B cells are professional APC, which activate or tolerize T cells to help induce or suppress immune responses. There are several mechanisms by which B cells induce tolerization of the T cell compartment. Identifying how peripheral T cell tolerance can be induced will serve to design new therapeutic strategies for regulating the balance between tolerance and active immunity in cases such as autoimmune diseases, tumor immunity, and transplant tolerance.
The Point of No Return? Interest Groups, School Board Elections, and the Sustainment of the Portfolio Management Model in Post-Katrina New Orleans

Context Given the growing popularity of the portfolio management model (PMM) as a method of improving education, it is important to examine how these market-based reforms are sustained over time and how the politics of sustaining this model have substantial policy implications. Purpose of Study The purpose of this article is to examine important patterns and trends in the relationship between campaign contributions to local and state school board elections and the sustainability of the PMM in urban districts. We provide a descriptive analysis of the role of interest groups in education reform in post-Katrina New Orleans and document how the PMM changed the landscape of education politics, with a focus on the actors, both local and national, that sustain the PMM. Research Design We describe the creation of Act 35 and the evolution of educational governance changes in New Orleans to determine whether the same interest groups that played a role in the origin of the PMM also contributed to its sustainment. We analyze how these educational governance changes influenced the politics of education reform using data from the Louisiana Ethics Commission on campaign contributions to both state and local school board elections. We apply several non-board and board governance theories to examine interest group behavior. We also conduct interviews with stakeholders throughout the educational system to inform our discussion of the evolution of educational governance and the politics of education reform in post-Katrina New Orleans, as well as the categorization of candidates in school board elections. Results We find that in the post-Katrina era, there was a diversification of actors in the interest group landscape. These groups influenced educational governance through unprecedented levels of campaign contributions to the state and local school board elections. The influence of interest groups, especially out- of- state actors, contributed to an emerging shift in political control from “traditional” school board candidates to an increase in “pro-reform” board members. Conclusions The PMM is accompanied by heightened interest as well as an influx of out-of-state actors in educational policy making and the provision of public education. Unprecedented levels of campaign contributions suggest that state and local school board elections may be one of the primary mechanisms through which interest groups influenced post-Katrina educational governance. Out-of-state campaign contributions were mostly in support of pro-portfolio candidates. There appears to be tangible national support for the PMM that may play a crucial role in sustaining these reforms.
Note-taking in consecutive interpreting: a review with special focus on Chinese and English literature

Publications on note-taking in consecutive interpreting are reviewed, with special attention being awarded to literature written in Chinese and English. The review identifies two main streams of note-taking literature, a prescriptive stream and a descriptive stream. Prescriptive publications are concerned with the question “How should notes be taken? ” They introduce the established note-taking systems and principles, and discuss how to teach them to students. The second stream, consisted of descriptive studies, tackles the question “How are notes taken? ” The studies strive to approach the topic with scientific rigor by collecting data from simulated interpreting practices. Fruitful results have been created, but there are several limitations. The prescriptive stream lacks systematic empirical research to support the proposals. The descriptive stream is mostly product-oriented, lacking process research, and no study has designed true experiments to explain the causal relationships behind the observed phenomena. Cognitive load offers a promising perspective to approach the process of note-taking while contributing ample empirical data. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate cognitive load during note-taking in consecutive interpreting.
Psychological disorder and narrative order in Kazuo Ishiguro's novels

This thesis explores Kazuo Ishiguro's six novels written in first-person narrative mode: A Pale View of Hills, An Artist of the Floating World, The Remains of the Day, The Unconso/ed, When We Were Orphans, and Never Let Me Go. The focus is on how Ishiguro's narrative techniques allow him to explore the themes of psychological disorder with which his work consistently engages, which will be identified here through use of ideas drawn from Sigmund Freud and from literary studies of trauma fiction. The argument will be divided into six chapters. In each chapter, one of Ishiguro' s novels will be studied thoroughly. Distorted narrative and the technique of transference of Etsuko in A Pale View of Hills are explored in chapter I. In chapter II, the research concerns particularly how Masuji Ono, the narrator of An Artist of the Floating World, who suffers from his demand to be respected and his indecisiveness in defining the sense of respect especially as a great artist. Chapter III deals with narrative of Stevens, an English butler, in The Remains of the Day, whose problem concerning his professional achievement in its relation to the idea of id, ego and superego. Chapter IV argues that The Unconsoled engages with how the dream-like narrative technique is developed in order to reveal Ryder's psychological problem, and how Ryder uses the dream-work mechanisms, especially displacement, to deal with his problem. Chapter V explores how When We Were Orphans works as detective fiction and how this relates to Christopher Banks' psychological problem, and, finally, in chapter VI, I examine the particular psychological problem articulated by the clone narrator of Never Let Me Go.
Identification of the OXA-48 Carbapenemase Family by Use of Tryptic Peptides and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Phenotypic detection of the OXA-48-type class D β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae is challenging. We describe a rapid (less than 90 min) assay for the identification of OXA-48 family carbapenemases in subcultured bacterial isolates based on a genoproteomic approach. ABSTRACT Phenotypic detection of the OXA-48-type class D β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae is challenging. We describe a rapid (less than 90 min) assay for the identification of OXA-48 family carbapenemases in subcultured bacterial isolates based on a genoproteomic approach. Following in silico trypsin digestion to ascertain theoretical core peptides common to the OXA-48 family, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data-dependent acquisition was used to identify candidate peptide markers. Two peptides were selected based on performance characteristics: ANQAFLPASTFK, a core peptide common to all 12 OXA-48 family β-lactamase members, and YSVVPVYQEFAR, a highly specific peptide common to 11 of 12 OXA-48 family proteins providing the basis for an LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring assay. An accuracy assessment was performed that included 98 isolates, 26 of which were OXA-48 positive. Two additional specificity assessments were performed including a mixture of isolates positive for OXA-48, KPC, NDM, VIM, and IMP carbapenemases. A combination of expert rules and expert judgment was applied by blinded operators to identify positive isolates. All isolates containing an OXA-48 family carbapenemase across all three test sets were correctly identified with no false positives, demonstrating 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.2% to 100%) and 100% specificity (95% CI, 96.2% to 100%) for the assay. These findings provide a framework for an LC-MS/MS-based method for the direct detection of OXA-48 family carbapenemases from cultured isolates that may have utility in predicting carbapenem resistance and tracking hospital outbreaks of OXA-48-carrying organisms.
Transmembrane Topology of PiT-2, a Phosphate Transporter-Retrovirus Receptor

ABSTRACT PiT-1 and PiT-2 are related multiple transmembrane proteins which function as sodium-dependent phosphate transporters and as the cell receptors of several oncoretroviruses. Two copies of a homology domain that is found in distantly related species assign these proteins to a large family of phosphate transporters. A current membrane topology model of PiT-1 and PiT-2 predicts 10 transmembrane domains. However, the validity of this model has not been addressed experimentally. We addressed this issue by a comprehensive study of human PiT-2. Evidence was obtained for glycosylation of asparagine 81. Epitope tagging showed that the N- and C-terminal extremities are extracellular. The orientation of C-terminal-truncation mutants expressed in cell-free translation assays and incorporated into microsomal membranes was examined by immunoprecipitation. Data were interpreted with respect to previous knowledge about retrovirus binding sites, to the existence of repeated homology domains, and to predictions made in family members. A model in which PiT-2 has 12 transmembrane domains and extracellular N- and C-terminal extremities is proposed. This model, which differs significantly from previous predictions about PiT-2 topology, may be useful for further investigations of PiT-2 interactions with other proteins and for the understanding of PiT-2 transporter and virus receptor functions.