Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of conventional and phasor based power system stabilizing controls for real-time simulation

This paper presents the implementation of three different types of Power System Stabilizers (PSS) anda Static Var Compensator with a supplementary Phasor Power Oscillation Damper (POD) control for real-time simulation. The Klein-Rogers-Kundur model is used as test case and the PSS and Phasor-POD's performance is evaluated for both large and small disturbances. Modeling is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and is executed in real-time using Opal-RT's eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator. The simulation results and the developed model will be used to deploy hardware prototype based on embedded controllers to provide power oscillation damping. Real-time software in the loop (SIL) approach is used for validating developed models as a first logical step towards development of a prototype hardware controller.
Compensatory hyperactivations as markers of latent working memory dysfunctions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an fMRI study.

OBJECTIVE Behavioural studies have implicated working memory (WM) deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, findings are inconsistent, which could be explained by compensation strategies used by a subgroup of OCD patients. To test this hypothesis, we examined patients without a behavioural deficit in WM during performance of different WM tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS We scaned 11 patients and 11 matched control subjects while they performed 3 verbal and spatial item-recognition tasks. RESULTS Patients and healthy subjects engaged the same set of brain regions. However, in direct comparison, the patients exhibited significantly greater task-related activation in several frontal and parietal brain areas known to underlie WM. CONCLUSION Patients without manifest WM deficits exhibit increased activation in frontal and parietal brain areas relative to healthy subjects during WM task performance. These hyperactivations may permit them to compensate for reduced efficiency of their WM systems and may thus serve as markers of latent WM dysfunctions.
Effector function of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in the resolution of systemic bacterial infections

It has been suggested that mononuclear phagocytes serve as the principal site of replication for a number of intracellular pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes. To determine the role of the tissue macrophages (Kupffer cells) in the proliferation of Listeria taken up in the liver, the hepatic cell populations were purified and the associated bacteria were quantified at periodic intervals postinfection. Here we report that the bulk of Listeria injected intravenously into nonimmune mice replicated within hepatocytes rather than Kupffer cells. Whereas a 200‐fold increase in the number of hepatocyte‐associated Listeria occurred during the first 3 days following infection, a relatively small (less than 2‐fold) increase in number of Kupffer cell‐associated Listeria was observed. The Listeria injected intravenously into immune animals, on the other hand, were eliminated rapidly from the hepatocyte as well as the Kupffer cell population. The latter findings suggest that uptake and elimination of pathogenic organisms by “nonprofessional phagocytes” in the liver (i.e., hepatocytes) may be an important effector mechanism in host defenses.
EXPRESSION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS CORE ANTIGEN IN NATIVE AND FUSION FORMS IN E. COLI

DNA coding for the core antigen from hepatitis B Virus (HBcAg) was amplified, cloned and propagated in E. coli. The core protein was expressed in E. coli and the product was readily detected by Western blot. This protein can be used as a diagnostic material in serum screening tests. To increase the level of expression of this antigen in bacteria, two plasmids were constructed in which the gene coding for N terminal part of the human IL-2 has been fused to 5'-terminus of the core antigen gene under control of the tryptophan promoter. Although the expression level of core antigen from hepatitis B Virus in E. coli was increased in fusion forms, but the size of fusion partner could affect the antigenicity, particle formation and assembly of the core antigen. The native and the two fusion forms of the core antigens from hepatitis B Virus were evaluated as a diagnostic material in serum screening. Iran. Biomed. J. 4: 3743, 2000
Efficacy and safety of Re-Du-Ning injection in the treatment of seasonal influenza: results from a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, oseltamivir-controlled trial

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of RDNI in the treatment of seasonal influenza. Results 1575 participants were screened and 229 completed the study and had a RT-PCR laboratory confirmation of influenza virus infection. Fever alleviation time was 2 and 6 hours, and fever clearance time was 27 and 47 in RDNI and oseltamivir, with significant difference between two groups. Total scores of influenza symptoms descended more in RDNI than oseltamivir on day 2 and day 3. Single symptom such as fever, aversion to cold, sore throat and nasal obstruction score descended more in RDNI than oseltamivir on different days. 20 subjects used aspirin during the trial, and there was no significant difference between two groups. Materials and Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, oseltamivir controlled clinical trial. Patients with a positive influenza rapid test diagnosis were enrolled and randomized to receive RDNI or oseltamivir. Primary outcome was the median fever alleviation and clearance time. Secondary outcomes were total 8 influenza symptom scores, the single influenza symptom score, and the frequency of aspirin usage. Conclusions The effect of RDNI was not worse than oseltamivir on the alleviation of influenza symptoms. RDNI was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events noted during the study period.
Echotexture and Correlated Histologic Analysis of Peripheral Nerves Important in Regional Anesthesia

Background and Objectives: Peripheral nerves in different body locations display different echotextures on ultrasound imaging, and knowledge of peripheral nerve echotexture is helpful for locating target nerves. However, the degree of echogenicity is often difficult to characterize. We aimed to define objectively the degree of echogenicity of peripheral nerves using grayscale measurements and compare nerve echotexture with matched histologic samples. Methods: Ultrasound images of peripheral nerves in 12 body locations were obtained in 20 healthy subjects using linear 8- to 12-MHz and curved 3- to 5-MHZ transducers. Corresponding nerve segments from 2 cadavers were imaged in vitro before they were sectioned for histologic examination. Nerve echogenicity was assessed by an objective grayscale (G) and a subjective echogenicity index (SEI) determined by experienced evaluators. The results of G and SEI in selected peripheral nerves were compared and correlated with histologic morphometry. Results: There is a close correlation between SEI and G (P < 0.05). Mixed echogenicity was seen in 30% of the peripheral nerves; 25.4% were predominantly hypoechogenic, and 44.5% hyperechogenic. Nerves in the neck and upper arm are more frequently hypoechoic, whereas those in the leg are more frequently hyperechoic. Histologically, differences in echogenicity are dependent on fascicle diameter and on nerve fascicular pattern, that is, differing ratios of fascicle number to total nerve area. Conclusions: This study suggests that grayscales can be used to objectively determine echogenicity and shows that grayscale measurements match well with subjective visual grading. Histologic analysis showed that both ratio of total fascicular area to whole nerve area and fascicular pattern are important determinants of echogenicity.
Effect of maternal age and parity on preimplantation embryo development and transport in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Preimplantation embryo development was studied in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Three groups of regularly cycling female hamsters were used: (I) 30 nulliparous young female (NYF) hamsters; (II) 24 nulliparous adult female (NAF) hamsters and (III) 30 multiparous adult female (MAF) hamsters. Female hamsters were mated with male hamsters of proven fertility. Only 15 min were allowed for mating. The moment of ejaculation was registered. Female hamsters were killed from 60 to 69 h after coitus. Corpora lutea were counted in both ovarian surfaces. Oviducts and uterine horns were flushed separately and embryo number, stage of development and distribution were recorded. Adult female hamsters, nulliparous and multiparous, had significant higher ovulation rates than NYF, but their reproductive efficiency was significantly lower. Preimplantation embryo development and transport were highly synchronous in NYF, but not in adults. Morulae were observed in NYF as early as 62–63 h after coitus. In adult female hamsters, significant numbers of morulae were found until 66–67 h. On the contrary, in NYF four-cell embryos were detected only until 60–61 h, while four-cell embryos were found until 64–65 h in NAF, and until 66–67 h in MAF. Embryo transport from the oviduct to the uterus is practically completed at 62–63 h after coitus in NYF, while it is evidently retarded in adult animals. In NYF all eight-cell embryos reached the uterus by 62 h after coitus. In adult female hamsters, both nulliparous and multiparous, a considerable number of eight-cell embryos fail to migrate into the uterus even at 67 h after coitus.
Proteome analysis of glandular parotid and submandibular‐sublingual saliva in comparison to whole human saliva by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

The secretions of the salivary parotid and submandibular‐sublingual (SMSL) glands constitute the main part of whole human saliva (WS) in which proline‐rich proteins (PRPs) and mucins represent dominant groups. Although proteome analysis had been performed on WS, no identification of PRPs or mucins by 2‐DE and MS was achieved in WS and no comprehensive analysis of both glandular secretions is available so far. The aim of this study was to compare the protein map of WS to parotid and SMSL secretions for the display of PRPs and mucins. WS and glandular secretions were subjected to 2‐DE and spots were analyzed by MALDI‐MS. New components identified in WS were cyclophilin‐B and prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase. Also acidic and basic PRPs as well as the proline‐rich glycoprotein (PRG) could now be mapped in WS. Acidic PRPs were found equally in parotid and SMSL secretions, whereas basic PRPs and PRG were found primarily in parotid secretion. Salivary mucin MUC7 was identified in SMSL secretion. Thus, the more abundant proteins of WS can be explained mainly by mixed contributions of parotid and SMSL secretions with only few components remaining that may be derived from local sources in the oral cavity.
Regulation of delayed-early gene transcription by dual TATA boxes

The 39K Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) gene is highly expressed throughout the virus life cycle and is controlled by tandem promoters that exhibit features of early and late baculovirus promoters. Late transcripts initiate at a conserved TAAG motif, while early transcripts are heterogeneous and initiate near a conserved CAGT motif. To define the nucleotide sequences that regulate early transcription of the 39K gene, a series of mutations was generated by substitution of 10-bp stretches in the 39K promoter with a BglII linker. The effects of these mutations on transcription from the early promoter were determined by transient expression and primer extension assays in the presence of the viral trans-activator IE1 gene. Mutations in the region from -15 to -44 revealed that early 39K transcription was controlled by dual TATA boxes. These TATA boxes are separated by 10 bp, which partially accounts for the heterogeneity in early 39K transcripts. Transcripts initiating at the CAGT motif (proximal transcripts) were abolished by deletion of the proximal TATA box located at -29 relative to CAGT. Proximal transcripts were not affected by alterations in the distal TATA motif located at -39 relative to the CAGT. Similarly, transcripts initiating upstream of CAGT (distal transcripts) were eliminated by mutations in the distal TATA but were unaffected by substitutions in the proximal TATA box. Proximal transcripts were not detected with a plasmid containing mutations in the CAGT motif, although the distal transcripts were unaffected by CAGT mutations. When the sequences surrounding the initiation site for the distal transcripts were altered, the start site was shifted one nucleotide, but transcription was not quantitatively affected. These results suggest that early 39K transcription is controlled by two distinct TATA elements, one that is dependent on an initiator and one in which the site of initiation is determined by the TATA element alone. Mutations in an upstream region from -45 to -68 relative to the CAGT motif had a quantitative effect but did not alter the heterogeneous pattern of early transcripts, suggesting these sequences function as an upstream regulatory region. Analysis of late transcription indicated that the TAAG element was essential, while transcription was unaffected by other mutations.
Effectiveness of medical school admissions criteria in predicting residency ranking four years later

Background Medical schools across Canada expend great effort in selecting students from a large pool of qualified applicants. Non‐cognitive assessments are conducted by most schools in an effort to ensure that medical students have the personal characteristics of importance in the practice of Medicine. We reviewed the ability of University of Toronto academic and non‐academic admission assessments to predict ranking by Internal Medicine and Family Medicine residency programmes.
The Monoclonal Antibodies 18d7/91f2 Recognize a Receptor Regulatory Protein on Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Two monoclonal antibodies 18D7 and 91F2 were developed by immunizing rats with the mouse bone marrow‐derived osteogenic cell line MN7. Hybridomas secreting rat antibodies against MN7 cell surface markers were selected by flow cytometry analysis. Both the monoclonal antibody 18D7 and the monoclonal antibody 91F2 are directed against the same cell surface antigen present on MN7 cells. Here, we report on the immunopurification of the 18D7/91F2 antigen and its identification as the prostaglandin F2α receptor regulatory protein (FPRP). FPRP is expressed as a single messenger RNA (mRNA) of approximately 6 kilobases (kb) in MN7 cells and is differentially expressed in developing osteogenic cultures of bone marrow cells of the mouse. However, addition of the monoclonal antibodies 18D7 and 91F2 to these cultures did not inhibit bone formation in vitro. Both monoclonal antibodies reacted with mouse stromal cell lines established from bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and mandibular condyles. Immunohistochemical analysis of mature tibia of mice using the monoclonal antibody 18D7 revealed the presence of a distinct population of bone marrow cells close to trabecular and endosteal bone surfaces. In the central bone marrow, hardly any positive cells were found. In 17‐day‐old fetal mouse radius 18D7 immunoreactivity was restricted to cells in the periosteum in close vicinity to the bone collar. Mature osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, growth plate chondrocytes, and mature macrophages were all negative. Taken together, these results suggest that FPRP plays a role in the osteogenic differentiation process.
Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions

This article provides researchers with a guide to properly construe and conduct analyses of conditional indirect effects, commonly known as moderated mediation effects. We disentangle conflicting definitions of moderated mediation and describe approaches for estimating and testing a variety of hypotheses involving conditional indirect effects. We introduce standard errors for hypothesis testing and construction of confidence intervals in large samples but advocate that researchers use bootstrapping whenever possible. We also describe methods for probing significant conditional indirect effects by employing direct extensions of the simple slopes method and Johnson-Neyman technique for probing significant interactions. Finally, we provide an SPSS macro to facilitate the implementation of the recommended asymptotic and bootstrapping methods. We illustrate the application of these methods with an example drawn from the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions, showing that the indirect effect of intrinsic student interest on mathematics performance through teacher perceptions of talent is moderated by student math self-concept.
Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens

The present study was planned to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the different concentrations of the HCl against Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. For this purpose, a total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations of HCl (1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm) and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10 to 19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. At the 12th day of age, all the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial activity was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among HCl medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 1000ppm HCl followed by 2000ppm and 3000ppm HCl medicated groups. Amprolium and 1000ppm HCl were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, the lower doses of HCl have the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. It is therefore suggested that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible minimum safe levels of HCl with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.
The workplace discrimination experiences of people with multiple sclerosis across three phases of Americans with Disabilities Act implementation

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the experiences with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) across three phases of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) implementation: Phase I (pre-Sutton decision era, 1992–1999), Phase II (Sutton decision era, 2000–2008), and Phase III (ADA Amendments Act era, 2009–2011). OBJECTIVE: Research questions addressed differential (a) characteristics of charging parties and respondents, (b) patterns in the number and type of allegations, and (c) proportions of merit and non-merit EEOC judgments. METHODS: The study utilized data from the Integrated Mission System of the U.S. EEOC. RESULTS: Findings indicated that proportionally more women and Hispanic adults with MS filed claims during Phases II and III than during Phase I. More older individuals and African Americans with MS filed claims during Phase III than during Phases I and II. In Phase I, adults with MS were more likely to allege discrimination against smaller employers and less likely to file charges against larger employers, a trend that reversed during Phases II and III. The annual number of resolved EEOC charges appeared to increase during Phase I, increase then decrease in Phase II, and increase during Phase III. Regardless of phase, most allegations pertained to either unlawful discharge or failure to provide reasonable accommodations. Although higher in Phase III than in I, the percentage of EEOC merit decisions was highest in Phase II. CONCLUSION: Over time, more typically disenfranchised individuals sought ADA protections, possibly due to publicity, support from advocates, and membership in a culture supporting diversity and nondiscrimination. The increased number of resolved allegations in Phase III was consistent with the greater inclusiveness attributed to the ADA Amendments Act. Interpretation of other findings is provided regarding characteristics of respondents, types of allegations, and trends in EEOC merit decisions.
Frontal lobe epilepsy, sleep and parasomnias

A close relationship exists between sleep and epilepsy. While many forms of epilepsy may be influenced by the sleep-wake cycle, this phenomenon is particularly evident in frontal lobe epilepsy where affected individuals may experience seizures exclusively during sleep (nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, NFLE). In this thesis, three aspects of the relationship between sleep and frontal lobe epilepsy are examined. Firstly, serotonergic neurotransmission across the human sleep-wake cycle was studied using the novel PET ligand l8F-MPPF, a serotonergic 5HT)A receptor radioligand sensitive to endogenous serotonin release. Fourteen individuals with narcolepsy underwent 18F-MPPF PET scans during sleep and wakefulness. The study demonstrated a 13% increase in 18F-MPPF binding potential (p<0.01) during sleep, indicating a reduction in serotoninergic neurotransmission, in line with existing animal data. Secondly, the characterisation of benign, non-epileptic parasomnias and their distinction from nocturnal frontal lobe seizures was addressed in two studies. The first comprised an analysis of the historical features of these conditions, and included the development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of nocturnal events. The second comprised a detailed semiological analysis of a series of parasomnias recorded on video-EEG monitoring, and a statistical comparison with seizures in NFLE. Although similarities between NFLE and parasomnias were observed, the results provide an evidence base for the confident distinction of these disorders. Finally, the familial form of NFLE (autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, ADNFLE) is associated with mutations in genes for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, but recognised mutations account for only a minority of reported cases. The last study presented here is a clinical and genetic analysis of two large families with an unusually severe ADNFLE phenotype. Affected individuals had refractory epilepsy and increased rates of mental retardation and psychiatric disorders and, in one family, linkage studies suggest a previously unrecognised underlying mechanism.