Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Demographic Variables affect the Stress Levels of Indian Soldiers?

The present study examines the demographic profile of the Indian soldiers and analyzes the differences in opinions of soldiers according to six demographic variables, namely, designation, income, qualification, age, length of service and marital status. A sample of 415 soldiers of the Indian army selected through stratified random sampling was surveyed using structured schedules. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study suggest significant differences on the basis of designation, age, service tenure and marital status mainly with regard to three occupational stressors, namely, ineffective leadership style, lack of control at work and role ambiguity. Furthermore, income and qualification were the only demographic variables showing significant and insignificant differences, respectively, for all occupational stressors. A comparison of mean scores of demographic characteristics revealed that single soldiers belonging to lower ranks (sepoys and naiks) and younger age group (20–30 years) having service tenure of less than 10 years suffer highest from occupational stress in the army. Additionally, inadequate training and workload were more stress creating factors for higher ranks (such as JCOs) and soldiers with higher length of service, in contrast to other groups. The study also highlights practical recommendations to curtail stress in the Indian army.
Rapid turnover of GATA‐2 via ubiquitin‐proteasome protein degradation pathway

Transcription factor GATA‐2 is expressed in a number of tissues, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and is crucial for the proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells. To further characterize the function of GATA‐2, we examined the cellular turnover mechanism of GATA‐2. In P815 cells, the half‐life of endogenous GATA‐2 was found to be as short as 30 min after cycloheximide treatment. This short half‐life was reproducible in other hematopoietic and neuroblastoma cell lines with moderate variation. We also found that ultraviolet (UV)‐C irradiation markedly represses the GATA‐2 protein level by facilitating the degradation process. Since treatment of the cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or clasto‐Lactacystin substantially abrogated the effects of cycloheximide and UV‐C irradiation and increased the expression level of both endogenous and transfected GATA‐2, the degradation of GATA‐2 seems to occur through the proteasome pathway. Structure‐function analyses with the GAL4‐DNA binding domain (GBD)‐GATA‐2 fusion protein and GATA‐2 deletion mutants suggested that the protein degradation regulatory elements of GATA‐2 reside in three regions, two of which overlap with the transactivation domain. We also detected poly ubiquitinated forms of GATA‐2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GATA‐2 is turned over rapidly through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway.
Interactions between the NR2B Receptor and CaMKII Modulate Synaptic Plasticity and Spatial Learning

The NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor interacts with several prominent proteins in the postsynaptic density, including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). To determine the function of these interactions, we derived transgenic mice expressing a ligand-activated carboxy-terminal NR2B fragment (cNR2B) by fusing this fragment to a tamoxifen (TAM)-dependent mutant of the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain LBDG521R. Here, we show that induction by TAM allows the transgenic cNR2B fragment to bind to endogenous CaMKII in neurons. Activation of the LBDG521R-cNR2B transgenic protein in mice leads to the disruption of CaMKII/NR2B interactions at synapses. The disruption decreases Thr286 phosphorylation of αCaMKII, lowers phosphorylation of a key CaMKII substrate in the postsynaptic membrane (AMPA receptor subunit glutamate receptor 1), and produces deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning. Together our results demonstrate the importance of interactions between CaMKII and NR2B for CaMKII activity, synaptic plasticity, and learning.
Pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease: From clinical neurology to basic neuroscience and back

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor and nonmotor (cognitive and limbic) deficits. The motor signs of PD include hypokinetic signs such as akinesia/bradykinesia, rigidity and loss of normal postural reflexes, and hyperkinetic signs such as tremor. Dopamine depletion in the striatum is the hallmark of PD and of its animal models, still the pathophysiology of the parkinsonian symptoms and especially of parkinsonian tremor are under debate. The most extreme hypotheses argue about peripheral versus central nervous system origin, intrinsic cellular oscillator versus network oscillators, and basal ganglia‐based pathophysiology versus cerebellar–thalamic based pathophysiology. Recent studies support the view that parkinsonian symptoms are most likely due to abnormal synchronous oscillating neuronal activity within the basal ganglia. Peripheral factors do only play a minor role for the generation, maintenance, and modulation of PD tremor and other signs. The most likely candidates producing these neuronal oscillations are the weakly coupled neural networks of the basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical loops. However, the present evidence supports the view that the basal ganglia loops are influenced by other neuronal structures and systems and that the tuning of these loops by cerebello–thalamic mechanisms and by other modulator neurotransmitter systems entrain the abnormal synchronized oscillations. Neurosurgical procedures, such as lesions or high‐frequency stimulation of different parts of the loop, might resume the normal unsynchronized activity of the basal ganglia circuitry, and, therefore, ameliorate the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Technology-Assisted Review in Empirical Medicine: Waterloo Participation in CLEF eHealth 2017

Screening articles for studies to include in systematic reviews is an application of technology-assisted review (“TAR”). In this work, we applied the Baseline Model Implementation (“BMI”) from the TREC Total Recall Track (2015-2016) to the CLEF eHealth 2017 task of screening MEDLINE abstracts to identify articles reporting studies to be considered for inclusion. According to rank-based evaluation measures, this approach identified every article describing a study that should have been included in each of 30 systematic reviews, by examining 461 abstracts, on average, per review—12.6% of the 3, 655 abstracts that would have had to be examined, on average, if instead, a manual approach had been used. While this result indicates TAR’s promise to substantially reduce the time and cost of abstract screening, this promise can be realized only if it can be known with reasonable certainty for each review how many abstracts must be examined before all, or substantially all, articles that should be included have been identified. To this end, we applied our “knee-method” stopping criterion to BMI to determine how many abstracts should be examined for each topic. According to thresholdbased evaluation, the knee method identified every article that should have been included (100% recall), while examining 2, 659 abstracts, on average, per topic—72.8% of the 3, 655 abstracts, that would have required examination, on average, had a manual approach been used instead. While our results suggest that TAR can substantially improve the efficiency of abstract screening without compromising recall, there remains room for improvement both in ranking and stopping criterion, as well as important factors that were not addressed in the CLEF eHealth 2017 framework: the completeness of the universe of abstracts gathered using keyword search, and the accuracy of the human assessments of the collected abstracts.
Stimulation of the Frontal Eye Field Reveals Persistent Effective Connectivity after Controlled Behavior

Our ability to choose nonhabitual controlled behavior instead of habitual automatic behavior is based on a flexible control mechanism subserved by neural activity representing the behavior-guiding rule. However, it has been shown that the behavior slows down more when switching from controlled to automatic behavior than vice versa. Here we show that persistent effective connectivity of the neural network after execution of controlled behavior is responsible for the behavioral slowing on a subsequent trial. We asked normal human subjects to perform a prosaccade or antisaccade task based on a cue and examined the effective connectivity of the neural network based on the pattern of neural impulse transmission induced by stimulation of the frontal eye field (FEF). Effective connectivity during the task preparation period was dependent on the task that subjects had performed on the previous trial, regardless of the upcoming task. The strength of this persistent effective connectivity was associated with saccade slowing especially on trials after controlled antisaccade. In contrast, the pattern of regional activation changed depending on the upcoming task regardless of the previous task and the decrease in activation was associated with errors in upcoming antisaccade task. These results suggest that the effective connectivity examined by FEF stimulation reflects a residual functional state of the network involved in performance of controlled antisaccade and its persistence may account for the behavioral slowing on the subsequent trial.
On extending ESnet's OSCARS with a multi-domain anycast service

Current scientific data applications require advanced network provisioning systems to support the transport of large volumes of data. Due to the availability of diverse computing and Grid clusters, these applications can benefit from anycasting capabilities. In contrast to unicasting, anycast routing allows the selection of a node from a group of candidate destinations. This new means of communication allows for greater routing flexibility and better network resource consumption. However, current provisioning systems do not provide fully compliant anycast implementations. In this paper, we extend ESnet's OSCARS virtual circuit provisioning system with anycast routing capabilities to support destination-agnostic applications on single- and multi-domain network scenarios. The proposed implementation significantly improves provisioning success over the native unicast implementation in compliance with the existing OSCARS framework.
Recipients potentially infected with parvovirus B19 by red blood cell products

BACKGROUND: Since 2000, blood donor screening for parvovirus B19 (B19) by nucleic acid testing (NAT) at the Ulm Institute has been conducted 6 to 8 weeks postdonation, that is, after transfusion of cellular blood products, whereas at the Frankfurt Institute all donations are screened before releasing any blood product. In this study, we evaluated the infectivity of B19‐positive blood products in relation to the virus concentration in the transfused blood component.
Spatial incidence of dengue infections in Queensland, Australia - reply

This study aimed to investigate the spatial clustering and dynamic dispersion of dengue incidence in Queensland, Australia. We used Moran's I statistic to assess the spatial autocorrelation of reported dengue cases. Spatial empirical Bayes smoothing estimates were used to display the spatial distribution of dengue in postal areas throughout Queensland. Local indicators of spatial association (LISA) maps and logistic regression models were used to identify spatial clusters and examine the spatio-temporal patterns of the spread of dengue. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of dengue was clustered during each of the three periods of 1993–1996, 1997–2000 and 2001–2004. The high-incidence clusters of dengue were primarily concentrated in the north of Queensland and low-incidence clusters occurred in the south-east of Queensland. The study concludes that the geographical range of notified dengue cases has significantly expanded in Queensland over recent years.
Relaxation therapy for hypertension: setting‐specific effects.

&NA; We determined the effect of relaxation therapy for hypertension in patients whose blood pressure remained elevated despite the use of antihypertensive medication. The effect was assessed in multiple settings, including the relaxation therapist's office, the Hypertension Clinic, and the patient's natural environment, the latter using 24‐hour automated ambulatory blood pressure measures. Nineteen patients were randomized either to temperature biofeedback‐assisted relaxation or to an attention control, “stress education. ” Antihypertensive medication was kept constant. In the behavioral therapist's office, blood pressure decreased in equivalent amounts with both treatments. Hypertension Clinic nurse blood pressure remained stable or increased with both treatments, but again there was no difference between treatments. Ambulatory blood pressure increased with relaxation therapy and decreased with stress education, the effect being significant for diastolic pressure. The effects on ambulatory blood pressure were limited to the waking hours. The only variable that showed superior effects for relaxation therapy was physician‐determined blood pressure. These results call into question the generalizability of the effects of relaxation therapy from one setting to another.
Characterization of the enigma family in zebrafish

The three Enigma subfamily proteins, Enigma, Enigma homologue, and Cypher/ZASP belong to the PDZ and LIM encoding protein family, which is characterized by the presence of a PDZ‐ and one or more LIM domains. PDZ/LIM proteins play important biological roles, and all members have been shown to associate with the actin cytoskeleton. We describe here the splice form specific expression patterns for the three Enigma subfamily members during zebrafish embryogenesis. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization revealed common and distinct expression patterns for the different PDZ or LIM domain encoding splice variants. We further studied the role of enigma in zebrafish development. Enigma knockdown appeared to be embryonic lethal shortly after the end of gastrulation and in few surviving embryos led to elongation defects and disorganized somites. In summary, we show here the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the three Enigma family members and their PDZ and LIM domain encoding splice forms during zebrafish embryogenesis. Our results suggest that enigma is important for the formation and organization of somites and might play an important role for actin cytoskeleton organization during development. Developmental Dynamics 236:3144–3154, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MESLEKİ İLGİ ALANI VE KİŞİSEL AHLAK FELSEFESİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİĞE YÖNELİK TUTUM VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİNE ETKİSİ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin mesleki ilgi alanları ve kişisel ahlak felsefelerine göre oluşmuş etik pozisyonlarının girişimciliğe yönelik tutumları ve girişimcilik niyetlerine etkisi yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi’nde okuyan öğrencilerden alınan verilerle araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, Holland (1959)'ın mesleki ilgi tipolojilerinden girişimci mesleki ilginin öğrencilerin girişimciliğe yönelik tutumlarını pozitif ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği bulunmuştur. Yine, etik pozisyon bakımından idealist olan öğrencilerin girişimciliğe yönelik tutumlarının negatif ve anlamlı olarak etkilendiği; rölativist (göreli) olanların ise tutumlarının pozitif olarak etkilendiği ama bu etkinin anlamlı düzeyde olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, öğrencilerin girişimciliğe yönelik tutumlarının girişimcilik niyetlerini güçlü bir şekilde etkilediği bulunmuştur.
Rebamipide Promotes the Regeneration of Aspirin-Induced Small-Intestine Mucosal Injury through Accumulation of β-Catenin

Background The effect of rebamipide on repairing intestinal mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we sought to explore the mechanism whereby rebamipide could promote the regeneration of aspirin-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Methods BALB/c mice were administered aspirin (200 mg/kg/d) for 5 days to induce acute small intestinal injury (SII). Subsequently, SII mice were treated with rebamipide (320 mg/kg/d) for 5 days. The structure of intestinal barrier was observed with transmission electron microscope, and Zo-1 and occludin expressions were detected. The proliferative index was indicated by the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the small intestine tissues were measured by an enzyme immunoassay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) and β-catenin signal were detected in the small intestine using quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results COX expression was significantly down-regulated in aspirin induced SII (P < 0.05). In SII mice treated with rebamipide, histopathological findings of aspirin-induced intestinal inflammation were significantly milder and tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells were improved significantly. The proliferative index increased after rebamipide treatment when compared with that in the control mice. The expressions of COX-2, β-catenin, and c-myc and the PGE2 concentrations in small intestinal tissues were significantly increased in mice with rebamipide treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusion Rebamipide administration in aspirin-induced SII mice could improve the intestinal barrier structure and promote the regeneration of small intestinal epithelial injury through up-regulating COX-2 expression and the accumulation of β-catenin.
Active tuberculosis in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus after isoniazid prophylaxis.

A review was conducted in Haiti to determine the timing and outcome of active tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients who had previously received isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis. Of 1005 HIV-seropositive patients who completed INH prophylaxis, 14 (1.4%) subsequently had active TB diagnosed. The median interval between discontinuation of INH prophylaxis and TB diagnosis was 8 months for 6 patients receiving 6 months of INH, 22 months for 5 patients receiving 12-24 months of INH, and 40 months for 3 patients receiving 24-36 months of INH (P = .026). There is a postprophylaxis effect on INH that is dependent upon the duration of therapy.
Contextual social capital: linking the contexts of social media use to its outcomes

ABSTRACT The established link between social media use and social capital reflects the understanding that these media are useful for establishing and maintaining relationships. Yet, social media are frequently used for other purposes, such as entertainment, information seeking, and companionship. Using a uses and gratifications approach, this study explores how contexts of social media use intersect with social capital. From data gathered in an online survey of approximately 350 social media users, multiple multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the contributions that individual contexts of social media use make on bridging, bonding, and maintained social capital. This analysis demonstrates that while everyday instrumental communication is a primary contributor to the accrual of all forms of social capital, the use of social media use to express care and concern for others and for entertainment is also important to social capital outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of considering context to understand the effects of social media use.
Evidence for a facilitatory effect of multi-word units on child word learning

Previous studies have suggested that children possess cognitive representations of multi-word units (MWUs) and that MWUs can facilitate the acquisition of smaller units contained within them. We propose that the formation of MWU representations precedes and facilitates the formation of single-word representations in children. Using different computational methods, we extract MWUs from two large corpora of English childdirected speech. In subsequent regression analyses, we use age of first production of individual words as the dependent and the number of MWUs within which each word appears as an independent variable. We find that early-learned words appear within many MWUs – an effect which is neither reducible to frequency or other common co-variates, nor to the number of context words contained in the MWUs. Our findings support accounts wherein children acquire linguistic patterns of varying sizes, moving gradually from the discovery of MWUs to the acquisition of small-grained linguistic representations.1
Repair Structures in Web-based Conversation

The paper attempts to demonstrate how Conversation Analysis (CA) can help us pragmatically to explore the repair organization of human talk-in-interaction via the Web, and reports on a case study of conversational repair structures for Chinese academic discussion through Web. The data collection was based on naturally occurring written interaction on Web-based discussion boards from teacher education courses. Over 4,000 postings containing nearly half million Chinese characters were captured and analysed to assist in understanding how conversational repair sequences possibly structured, in the Web-based discussion setting. Findings suggested that while description of repair structure introduced by Schegloff et al. (1977) is still a fundamental framework applicable to the repair in Web-based conversation, some different features of repair structure from which has been described for ordinary conversation exist. Detailed examination showed that successful repair in Web-based conversation can take the same four possible structures as in ordinary conversation, and efforts at repair sometimes can fail in possible structure of issuing from either self-initiation or other-initiation. Six special features on repair organization in Web-based conversation have been identified. The research provided fresh data differently from CA traditional source of data for analysis of how repair is sequentially organized in conversation taking place in Web.