Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kinetics of Catalytic Incineration of C2H5SH and (CH3)2S2 over a Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst

Catalytic incineration is one of the cost-effective technologies to solve the troublesome VOCs. However, some sulfur containing VOCs, such as ethyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide, may deactivate the Pt catalyst that is commonly used in the catalytic incineration process. The catalytic incineration of these compounds over a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was carried out in a bench scale catalytic incinerator. Three kinetic models, such as power-rate law, Mars and Van Krevelen model, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model were used to analyze the results. A differential reactor design was used for best fit of kinetic models in this study. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model is feasible to describe the catalytic incineration of both C2H5SH and (CH3)2S2. This suggests that the chemical adsorption of O2 molecule is important in the process of catalytic incineration of C2H5SH and (CH3)2S2.
The impact of early childbearing on developmental outcomes: the case of black adolescent parenting.

Social science research has often attributed black child development problems especially among poor families to weaknesses in family structure. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing occur in larger numbers to disadvantaged black youth and account for a significant proportion of the growth of black female-headed households over the last 2 decades. Adolescent parenting is believed to cause special problems for both the young mother and her child. This article reviews studies that evaluate the parenting of adolescent single mothers compared with the parenting of mothers who delay childbearing. A brief historical sketch of the problem of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing is presented. A variety of approaches to family intervention are discussed in light of recent research findings. Finally directions for future research are discussed. (authors)
Anthropology, Culture, and Research on Teaching and Learning: Applying What We Have Learned to Improve Practice.

We examine the role of cultureFanthropology’s essential conceptFin teaching and learning. After providing a brief overview of the application of anthropology to research on teaching and learning, we examine various studies that demonstrate how culture can be understood and used as a resource for teaching and learning. In particular, we focus on the growing body of research that positively exploits, scaffolds, and links productive community and cultural practices, particularly those of ethnic minority communities, to classrooms. We then present a theoretical framework and rationale for a current research project in which an after-school program for elementary students is developed that can serve as pedagogical laboratories and professional development community sites for inexperienced teachers as well as research sites where various issues of teaching and learning can be examined. At the heart of this project is the linking of inexperienced teachers with master teachers who have demonstrated success in teaching culturally diverse students in urban schools. Preliminary results that document children’s academic achievement and teachers’ improved performance are presented from the 1st year of the project.
Utility of fast cine magnetic resonance imaging and display for the detection of myocardial ischemia in patients not well suited for second harmonic stress echocardiography.

BACKGROUND Some patients referred for pharmacological stress testing with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are unable to undergo testing owing to poor acoustic windows. Fast cine MRI can be used to assess left ventricular contraction, but its utility for detection of myocardial ischemia in patients poorly suited for echocardiography is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred fifty-three patients (86 men and 67 women aged 30 to 88 years) with poor acoustic windows that prevented adequate second harmonic TTE imaging were consecutively referred for MRI to diagnose inducible myocardial ischemia during intravenous dobutamine and atropine. Diagnostic studies were completed in an average of 53 minutes. No patients experienced myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, exacerbation of congestive heart failure, or death. In patients who underwent computer-assisted quantitative coronary angiography, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting a >50% luminal diameter narrowing were 83% and 83%, respectively. In the 103 patients with a negative MRI examination, the cardiovascular occurrence-free survival rate was 97%. CONCLUSIONS Fast cine cardiac MRI provides a mechanism to assess left ventricular contraction and diagnose inducible myocardial ischemia in patients not well suited for stress echocardiography.
Children’s Emergent Leadership

This study is focused on the relationships that children’s self-perceived emergent leadership shares with group characteristics, such as gender and ability groups, and with outcomes, such as performance and self-perceived group cohesion and regulation. Fourth-and fifthgrade students (N = 249) participated in a collaborative math activity, assessing their own leadership behaviors and perceptions of group cohesion and regulation. Utilizing hierarchical linear modeling, task- and relationship-focused leadership were positively associated with group regulation and group cohesion but were not related to group performance. Selfperceived task-focused emergent leadership was negatively associatedwith female-majority group compositions. Classroom implications are discussed.
Social Work Students Learn about Social Work Values from Service Users and Carers

Teaching on social work values is centrally important in social work education as a core aspect of underpinning knowledge in preparing students for practice. This paper describes an innovative project occurring within the first year of the degree in social work, where service users and carers have assisted students with their understanding of social work values. The positive contribution of service users and carers in facilitating students to make links between theory and practice is now well documented. Applying this user perspective to the educational domain of values, however, is relatively uncharted territory given the challenges that have traditionally accompanied the teaching of values. Importantly, this paper describes the ‘value talk’ which occurred when first-year students sought further meaning from service-user and carer groups in their community settings following classroom teaching on values. The paper not only discusses the detailed preparations involved in the project but also the learning which resulted, drawing on the evaluation findings from the students and participating groups. Whilst the findings show that the students' understanding of social work values has been most significantly influenced by the contributions from service users and carers, it is recognized that further research is needed to monitor the longer term impact on social work students' practice after they qualify.
Observed long-term trends in the upper atmosphere 2 . 1

Studies of climate change traditionally focus on long-term changes taking place in the troposphere. This is understandable, as this is the part of the atmosphere that most directly affects life on the surface. However, long-term trends higher in the atmosphere can have important consequences as well. The middle and upper atmosphere consist of the stratosphere (~15-50 km), the mesosphere (50-90 km), the thermosphere (90-800 km), and the embedded ionosphere, the ionized part of the upper atmosphere (see figure 1).
NiO Nanofibers as a Candidate for a Nanophotocathode

p-type NiO nanofibers have been synthesized from a simple electrospinning and sintering procedure. For the first time, p-type nanofibers have been electrospun onto a conductive fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) surface. The properties of the NiO nanofibers have been directly compared to that of bulk NiO nanopowder. We have observed a p-type photocurrent for a NiO photocathode fabricated on an FTO substrate.
Investigating Information Sharing Behavior in Supply Chains: Evidence from an Embedded Single Case Study

Significant differences exist in the exchange of information between supply chains members. Various factors such as bargaining power, trust, contracts, and information management capabilities of firms influence firms' information sharing behaviors. Based on an exploratory case study, we analyze and compare supply chains to identify different information sharing patterns, and the factors contributing towards these differences. We found that while information sharing leads to higher benefits for all supply chain members, the fear of losing bargaining power is more important for the stronger firm than achieving mutual performance gains. Further, internal structures and socio-political aspects prevent firms from continuous exchange of information. We propose guidelines outlining different information sharing behaviors in supply chains, and thereby contribute to theory by explaining the association and influence of different factors on firms' information sharing behavior. Practitioners can use the guidelines to improve supply chain performance by formulating appropriate information sharing strategies.
Average Error Probability in Wireless Sensor Networks With Imperfect Sensing and Communication for Different Decision Rules

This paper presents a framework to evaluate the probability that a decision error event occurs in wireless sensor networks, including sensing and communication errors. We consider a scenario where sensors need to identify whether a given event has occurred based on its periodic, noisy, and observations of a given signal. Such information about the signal needs to be sent to a fusion center that decides about the actual state at that specific observation time. The communication links-single-or multi-hop-are modeled as binary symmetric channels, which may have different error probabilities. The decision at the fusion center is based on OR, AND, K-OUT-OF-N, and MAJORITY Boolean operations on the received signals associated to individual sensor observations. We derive closed-form equations for the average decision error probability as a function of the system parameters (e.g., number of sensors and hops) and the input signal characterization. Our analyses show the best decision rule is closely related to the frequency that the observed events occur and the number of sensors. In our numerical example, we show that the AND rule outperforms MAJORITY if such an event is rare and there is only a handful number of sensors. Conversely, if there are a large number of sensors or more evenly distributed event occurrences, the MAJORITY is the best choice. We further show that, while the error probability using the MAJORITY rule asymptotically goes to 0 with increasing number of sensors, it is also more susceptible to higher channel error probabilities.
Sources of Job Satisfaction in Science Secondary School Teachers in Chile

The paper aims to augment the limited literature on teacher job satisfaction in developing countries, specifically in Chile. The nature of job satisfaction in Chilean secondary science teachers is investigated and causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction identified. Teachers mentioned most often their satisfaction with interactions with students, relationships held within the school and opportunities to contribute to the development of society, future generations or the individual. Sources of dissatisfaction are poor salary, excessive workload, student characteristics, resources and infrastructure. Associations between teachers' characteristics (age, gender, experience), the type of school administration and job satisfaction are also made and suggestions on how to address the issues of teacher satisfaction and dissatisfaction are discussed.
Optimal Dosing and Dynamic Distribution of Vaccines in an Influenza Pandemic

Limited production capacity and delays inherent in vaccine development are major hurdles to the widespread use of vaccines to mitigate the effects of a new influenza pandemic. Antigen-sparing vaccines have the most potential to increase population coverage but may be less efficacious. The authors explored this trade-off by applying simple models of influenza transmission and dose response to recent clinical trial data. In this paper, these data are used to illustrate an approach to comparing vaccines on the basis of antigen supply and inferred efficacy. The effects of delays in matched vaccine availability and seroconversion on epidemic size during pandemic phase 6 were also studied. The authors infer from trial data that population benefits stem from the use of low-antigen vaccines. Delayed availability of a matched vaccine could be partially alleviated by using a 1-dose vaccination program with increased coverage and reduced time to full protection. Although less immunogenic, an overall attack rate of up to 6% lower than a 2-dose program could be achieved. However, if prevalence at vaccination is above 1%, effectiveness is much reduced, emphasizing the need for other control measures.
Control of canonical NF-κB activation through the NIK–IKK complex pathway

Articles in recent years have described two separate and distinct NF-κB activation pathways that result in the differential activation of p50- or p52-containing NF-κB complexes. Studies examining tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) have identified positive roles for TRAF2, TRAF5, and TRAF6, but not TRAF3, in canonical (p50-dependent) NF-κB activation. Conversely, it recently was reported that TRAF3 functions as an essential negative regulator of the noncanonical (p52-dependent) NF-κB pathway. In this article, we provide evidence that TRAF3 potently suppresses canonical NF-κB activation and gene expression in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that deregulation of the canonical NF-κB pathway in TRAF3-deficient cells results from accumulation of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), the essential kinase mediating noncanonical NF-κB activation. Thus, our data demonstrate that inhibition of TRAF3 results in coordinated activation of both NF-κB activation pathways.
Insertion and deletion tolerance of point processes

We develop a theory of insertion and deletion tolerance for point processes. A process is insertion-tolerant if adding a suitably chosen random point results in a point process that is absolutely continuous in law with respect to the original process. This condition and the related notion of deletion-tolerance are extensions of the so-called finite energy condition for discrete random processes. We prove several equivalent formulations of each condition, including versions involving Palm processes. Certain other seemingly natural variants of the conditions turn out not to be equivalent. We illustrate the concepts in the context of a number of examples, including Gaussian zero processes and randomly perturbed lattices, and we provide applications to continuum percolation and stable matching.
More Content or More Policy? A Closer Look at Syllabus Detail, Instructor Gender, and Perceptions of Instructor Effectiveness

Research has suggested that a lengthier course syllabus may increase positive impressions of instructor effectiveness. In this investigation, we disentangle the effects of adding restrictive course boundary information from the addition of course content information. Furthermore, we examine the role of instructor gender as a moderator of the relationship between syllabi content and impressions of instructor effectiveness. Undergraduate students (N = 126) enrolled in a general psychology course read a syllabus for a course with either a male or female instructor in which the syllabus either contained basic course information alone, additional restrictive course policy information or additional course content information. Results revealed that only additional restrictive course boundary information increased perceptions of instructor competence. Instructor gender did not significantly moderate this effect, suggesting more restrictive course policy information may equally benefit male and female instructors. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Internal topographical structure in training autonomous robot

In this research we propose a trainable controller for a mobile robot based on a layered neural network, in which the hidden layer is a topographical map. In this study we focus not only on building a general controller that can be embedded to mobile robots running in physical environment, but also on building controllers with good internal plausibility. We consider that internal plausibility of the physical functionality acquired by robots during their learning phase is important in increasing their usability in real world tasks. The internal plausibility in this study can be obtained by associating the topographical map formed internally with the actions of the robots. Here, we run some experiments using a small robot, e-puck, and report the preliminary results of our study.
A frequent occurrence? factors affecting the production of semantic errors in aphasic naming

Abstract Both normal and aphasic subjects produce picture naming errors that are semantically related to the target. This study investigates the effects of different word properties on the production of semantic errors by aphasic subjects. A correlation is found between the production of semantic errors and deficits in the comprehension of high-imageability words, with those patients who make semantic errors in comprehension also producing them in naming. This suggests an absence of deficits resulting in semantic errors only in word production. For some patients, semantic errors are more likely to occur with lower-imageability targets, despite the restricted range of imageability values for stimuli in this picture naming task. However, not all of those patients who produce semantic errors show an effect of imageability on their occurrence, suggesting a dissociation between central conceptual/semantic deficits and post-semantic deficits. The majority of patients fail to show frequency effects in the produc.
Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the Disposition of Sorafenib and Sorafenib-Glucuronide

Purpose: Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) undergo extensive hepatic metabolism, but mechanisms of their hepatocellular uptake remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that liver uptake of TKIs is mediated by the solute carriers OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Experimental Design: Transport of crizotinib, dasatinib, gefitinib, imatinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vandetanib, and vemurafenib was studied in vitro using artificial membranes (PAMPA) and HEK293 cell lines stably transfected with OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or the ortholog mouse transporter, Oatp1b2. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with Oatp1b2-knockout mice and humanized OATP1B1- or OATP1B3-transgenic mice. Results: All 10 TKIs were identified as substrates of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or both. Transport of sorafenib was investigated further, as its diffusion was particularly low in the PAMPA assay (<4%) than other TKIs that were transported by both OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Whereas Oatp1b2 deficiency in vivo had minimal influence on parent and active metabolite N-oxide drug exposure, plasma levels of the glucuronic acid metabolite of sorafenib (sorafenib-glucuronide) were increased more than 8-fold in Oatp1b2-knockout mice. This finding was unrelated to possible changes in intrinsic metabolic capacity for sorafenib-glucuronide formation in hepatic or intestinal microsomes ex vivo. Ensuing experiments revealed that sorafenib-glucuronide was itself a transported substrate of Oatp1b2 (17.5-fold vs. control), OATP1B1 (10.6-fold), and OATP1B3 (6.4-fold), and introduction of the human transporters in Oatp1b2-knockout mice provided partial restoration of function. Conclusions: These findings signify a unique role for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in the elimination of sorafenib-glucuronide and suggest a role for these transporters in the in vivo handling of glucuronic acid conjugates of drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1458–66. ©2013 AACR.
Comparison of plasma very low density lipoproteins and lipogenic enzymes as predictors of fat content and food conversion efficiency in selected lines of broiler chickens.

Activities of lipogenic enzymes and plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations were measured in lines of chickens with large differences in food conversion efficiency (FCE) and body fat. Hepatic activities of malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1. 1.40 (MD)] and ATP citrate lyase [EC 4.1. 3.8 (CL)] were correlated with the proportion of both abdominal and total body fat (r = 0.50) but were poorly correlated with gain: food ratio. Activities of MD and CL in plasma were low and variable and were not correlated with any other characteristics. Plasma VLDL concentration was significantly correlated with the proportion of abdominal and total body fat (r = 0.59), and gain: food ratio (r = 0.36).
Spreading Our Wings: International Education as Journeys of Enriched Learning

In the 21st century, the impact of globalization has increased the importance of the internationalization of education (Jiang, 2010; Lam, 2010). Because it is imperative for the success of their graduates, colleges are encouraged to offer international educational experiences to gain a competitive edge over other institutions of higher learning (Tedrow & Mabokela, 2007). Knight (2003) found that 73% of the members of the International Association of Universities rated the internationalization of their campuses at a priority level of “very much” needed.
Prediction of therapeutic doses of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents based on quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship.

The usual therapeutic doses for the treatment of both angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia vary widely among beta-blocking agents, with a maximum of about a 200-fold difference, despite subjects' same clinical improvement at the varying doses. In order to clarify the mechanism of this difference, we analyzed retrospectively the cardiac pharmacological activities of beta-blocking agents based on the receptor occupancy theory by using both their unbound concentrations in plasma at steady state (Cssf), as well as dissociation constants (KB and KI, which were determined by in vitro binding experiments and by in vitro pharmacological experiments, respectively) for a beta 1 receptor. A significant log-linear relationship between Cssf and the KB values was obtained with a slope of regression line of 0.91 (r = 0.83, p < 0.01). On the other hand, the correlation coefficient of the relationship between Cssf and the KI values was low, with a slope of about 0.5 (r = 0.80, p < 0.01). The beta 1 receptor occupancies calculated from KB values at the steady state condition after the oral administration of usual doses were almost constant (80.5 +/- 16.8%), regardless of the wide variation of usual doses of the drugs. This result indicated that the receptor occupancy may be an appropriate indicator for the pharmacological activity of the drug. Furthermore, there were significant relationships between the primary pharmacokinetic parameters: Cb/Cf, CLtot/F, and Vdssf, and the octanol/water partition coefficient (PC), with correlation coefficients of 0.80, 0.50 and 0.85, respectively. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)