Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging inter‐ and intra‐firm boundaries: management of supplier involvement in automobile product development

Outsourcing has become an important strategy for many firms. Yet, firms need to compete with their competitors who also outsource and may share the same suppliers. This article explores how a firm could outperform others in managing the division of labor with a supplier in product development. Drawing on the empirical data collected from the Japanese auto industry, this paper shows that an automaker needs capabilities to coordinate various activities both externally with a supplier and internally within its own organization, in order to gain better component development performance. Overall, the results imply that outsourcing does not work effectively without extensive internal effort. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated potyvirus resistance in transgene‐free Arabidopsis plants

Summary Members of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) gene family, including eIF4E and its paralogue eIF(iso)4E, have previously been identified as recessive resistance alleles against various potyviruses in a range of different hosts. However, the identification and introgression of these alleles into important crop species is often limited. In this study, we utilise CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce sequence‐specific deleterious point mutations at the eIF(iso)4E locus in Arabidopsis thaliana to successfully engineer complete resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a major pathogen in field‐grown vegetable crops. By segregating the induced mutation from the CRISPR/Cas9 transgene, we outline a framework for the production of heritable, homozygous mutations in the transgene‐free T2 generation in self‐pollinating species. Analysis of dry weights and flowering times for four independent T3 lines revealed no differences from wild‐type plants under standard growth conditions, suggesting that homozygous mutations in eIF(iso)4E do not affect plant vigour. Thus, the established CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides a new approach for the generation of Potyvirus resistance alleles in important crops without the use of persistent transgenes.
Broadening and strengthening a user base through documentation

One of the purposes of documentation is to educate and train the people who come in contact with computers. One approach which makes available usable documentation and which encourages new users (faculty) takes three components to accomplish the desired results. First, a set of useful documentation is prepared. Second, the users (faculty) submit projects which can be developed for classroom use. Finally, seminars are conducted to teach about the hardware and software of the computer from the user documentation.
Centrifugal organization of direction preferences in the cat's lateral suprasylvian visual cortex and its relation to flow field processing

The cerebral cortex of the cat contains between 1 and 2 dozen representations of the visual field with different functional specializations. Six visual field maps lie along both banks of the suprasylvian sulcus, lateral and anterior to the visual areas in the occipital cortex. We have studied single-unit receptive field properties and their global organization across the visual field in 2 of these lateral suprasylvian areas, PMLS (essentially the Clare-Bishop area) and PLLS. Most neurons in PMLS and PLLS display selectivity for the direction of a light stimulus moving across their receptive fields with various degrees of directional tuning. We have used light spots of different size and velocity projected on a tangent screen in order to determine the direction preference of cells in these 2 areas. A strong tendency was found for neurons to respond best to centrifugal directions, i.e., to movement away from the area centralis. Thus, for these cells direction preference depends on the location of their receptive fields within the visual field. Velocity preference and binocular interaction in these neurons is also globally organized: Velocity preference increases with eccentricity, binocular synergism is strongest in the center of the visual field. Cluster analysis of recording tracks with respect to “radial” and “circular” cell categories reveals a grouping of cells with like properties in the lateral suprasylvian cortex. These new categories are formed by combining “centrifugal” and “centripetal” cells on the one hand and cells with direction preferences orthogonal to these on the other. The radial or centrifugal organization of direction preferences in conjunction with the global arrangement of velocity preference and binocular interaction suggests that PMLS and PLLS are involved in the processing of expanding visual flow fields of motion. Such flow fields are commonly encountered when a visual object moves towards an observer or during forward locomotion.
BURNING IN A NEW ZEALAND SNOW-TUSSOCK GRASSLAND : EFFECTS ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY

Although fire is a controversial management tool in New Zealand tussock grasslands, it can be an important factor in their pastoral use (Basher, Meurk and Tate, 1990). Its effects on various properties of these ecosystems have, consequently, been widely studied. Most biochemical studies of the effects of burning on grassland soils have concentrated on the availability of nutrient elements, especially N (Raison, 1979; Woodmansee and Wallach, 1981) and P (Harrington, 1974; Singh et al., 1991). Investigations of post-fire effects on nutrient availability in New Zealand tussock grasslands include those of Connor, Bailey and O’Connor (1970), Williams and Meurk (1977), McSweeney (1983) and Payton et al. (1986) but, as yet, there has been no examination of the impact of fire on their soil microbial nutrient pools. The importance of the soil microbial biomass as a source of potentially available nutrients, and the essential role of its component microorganisms in nutrient cycling, are now generally accepted (Jenkinson, 1988). Microbial biomass can also respond relatively rapidly to changes in land management (Powlson, Brookes and Christensen, 1987). The effects of fire on soil microbial biomass in other grassland systems have consequently been recently examined (Okano, 1990; Singh et al., 1991; Groffmann, Rice and Tiedje, 1993, Ojima et al., 1994). Here we investigate the combined effects of a farm-scale, pastoral fire and subsequent grazing by sheep on soil microbial biomass C, N and P at a tussock-grassland site in Central Otago (Yeates and Lee, 1997). To incorporate the effects of grazing, samples were taken 1.5 and 2.5 years after the fire event. The role of soil organisms in conserving N and P rendered available by the fire was assessed by comparing microbial C, N and P values, and their ratios, with those from an adjacent unburned site. In addition, measurements were made of soil respiratory activity and of phosphatase and invertase enzymes, which can likewise serve as indicators of managementinduced changes in soil biochemical properties (Nannipieri, Grego and Ceccanti, 1990; Ross et al., 1992). N and P concentrations in tussock leaves two years after the fire event were also determined. D.J. ROSS, T.W. SPEIR, K.R. TATE and C.W. FELTHAM Landcare Research New Zealand, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Present address: Environmental and Scientific Research Limited, P.O. Box 30547, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
Predicting First-Semester College Student Success at a Small Technology College

This quantitative study examined the degree to which traditional (high school grade point average (GPA) and standardized tests), noncognitive, and demographic variables predict first-semester college GPA and first-tosecond semester retention among a sample of 386 first-year students at a small technology college. The aim of this research was to better understand the ways noncognitive variables may predict and explain college success for a general population of first-year students as well as a population of low-achieving students. Linear and logistical regression analysis were used to determine the degree to which each of the prescribed traditional, demographic (gender, race, parent education, and family income), and noncognitive (academic engagement, educational commitment, academic self-efficacy, resiliency, social comfort, and campus engagement) predictors could predict first-semester college GPA and first-to-second semester retention. The findings of the study suggest that high school GPA is the strongest predictor of first-semester GPA and first-to-second semester retention. In addition, the study revealed that standardized tests are not predictive of first-to-second semester retention. None of the noncognitive predictors met statistical significance; however, campus engagement, a measure of the student’s willingness to become involved in campus activities, did approach significance for first-to-second semester retention. Recommendations for the use of standardized tests and campus engagement measures in admissions practices are provided. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Kim VanDerLinden Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/261 Predicting First-Semester College Student Success at a Small Technology College
Validation of Braided‐Stream Models: Spatial state‐space plots, self‐affine scaling, and island shapes

We present a comprehensive approach for validating braided‐stream models and apply it to a specific cellular braided‐stream model. The approach involves quantitative comparison of modeled and natural braided streams in terms of two main aspects: the sequential organization of their plan patterns studied using their state‐space characteristics and the hierarchical organization of their patterns studied in the framework of self‐affine scaling. These two aspects of braided streams are complementary to each other and taken together provide a sensitive test of the validity of a model of braided streams. The simple model we examine produces patterns that are similar to those of natural braided rivers in terms of both sequential organization and self‐affine scaling. This finding supports the conclusion that the nonlinear interactions between water and sediment in the model are the primary mechanisms responsible for shaping braided rivers in nature.
Understanding and measuring mobile Facebook use: Who, why, and how?

Although social media are increasingly used through mobile devices, the differences between mobile and computer-based practices remain unclear. This study attempts to tease out some of these differences through multiple analytical strategies and samples. Drawing on theoretical expectations about the affordances, motivations, and cognition of mobile use, we investigate who uses mobile Facebook, why they use it, and how they use it. To do this, we first compare those who use Facebook only on a PC with those who also use the service on mobile devices. Then, in order to quantify mobile Facebook use, we propose a new set of survey measures to tap into more and less mobile users among the sample of people who access Facebook through multiple modes. These questions serve to validate measures of mobile Facebook use, and allow us to examine how patterns of use relate to user motivations and experiences. Findings revealed important differences between PC-only and mobile users as well as a distinct and reliable measure of mobileness. Whereas motivations for Facebook use did not differ across users, more habitual and absorbing use of Facebook was strongly, positively associated with mobile practices. These findings illustrate that people use mobile Facebook in more automatic and immersive ways that are independent of overall frequency of use or motivations. Implications for the psychological mechanisms involved in mobile communication, as well as survey measurement of social media use, are discussed.
The Effects of Power Imbalance and Framing in Dyadic Negotiations

Ali Fehmi ÜNAL Gül Gökay EMEL ABSTRACT Although negotiation, in its various forms, occurs frequently and is used by everyone, negotiators often fail to reach Pareto optimal solutions when there is integrative potential to expand the resources and yield higher joint outcomes. Power and framing of conflicts are two widely acknowledged factors that have been shown to affect distribution of resources and integrativeness of agreements. However, the effects of frame conditions on individual and mutual outcomes in power-asymmetric negotiations are largely unexplored. In an experimental study, we investigated the effect of gain-loss frames on negotiated agreements when power is unequally distributed. The results suggest that while different gain-loss frame adoptions of high and low power parties did not affect the integrativeness of the agreements, the distribution of resources was found to be significantly related to the frame conditions of the parties.
In vivo Site-Specific Transfection of Naked Plasmid DNA and siRNAs in Mice by Using a Tissue Suction Device

We have developed an in vivo transfection method for naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) and siRNA in mice by using a tissue suction device. The target tissue was suctioned by a device made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) following the intravenous injection of naked pDNA or siRNA. Transfection of pDNA encoding luciferase was achieved by the suction of the kidney, liver, spleen, and heart, but not the duodenum, skeletal muscle, or stomach. Luciferase expression was specifically observed at the suctioned region of the tissue, and the highest luciferase expression was detected at the surface of the tissue (0.12±0.03 ng/mg protein in mice liver). Luciferase expression levels in the whole liver increased linearly with an increase in the number of times the liver was suctioned. Transfection of siRNA targeting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene significantly suppressed the expression of GAPDH mRNA in the liver. Histological analysis shows that severe damage was not observed in the suctioned livers. Since the suction device can be mounted onto the head of the endoscope, this method is a minimally invasive. These results indicate that the in vivo transfection method developed in this study will be a viable approach for biological research and therapies using nucleic acids.
Assessing educational expertise in academic faculty promotion

During 1999–2010, eligible Swedish university lecturers had an unconditional right to apply for promotion to the position of professor. Our aim was to discuss the motives of the reform and to problematise challenges in making qualitative assessments of educational expertise. We presented the results from an evaluation of the reform, and we focused on the weights that the peer reviewers in their assessment assign to the educational credentials of the applicants as opposed to those assigned to the research credentials. The empirical material consists of the dossiers from 294 cases of promotion. For research expertise and for educational expertise, we created one and three indices, respectively, where different types of credentials were given different weights. Changes over time were examined, as well as differences between disciplinary domains. In the assessment and decision process, educational expertise was outweighed by research expertise, and mainly quantitative aspects of the former were taken into account. There were signs that the peer review system underwent changes and that its intended quality-promoting function diminished over time.
Water emission in NGC 1333 IRAS 4 - The physical structure of the envelope

We report ISO-LWS far infrared observations of CO, water and oxygen lines towards the protobinary system IRAS 4 in the NGC 1333 cloud. We detected several water, OH, CO rotational lines, and two (OI) and (CII) fine structure lines. Given the relatively poor spectral and spatial resolution of these observations, assessing the origin of the observed emission is not straightforward. In this paper, we focus on the water line emission and explore the hypothesis that it originates in the envelopes that surround the two protostars, IRAS 4 A and B, thanks to an accurate model. The model reproduces quite well the observed water line fluxes, predicting a density profile, mass accretion rate, central mass, and water abundance profile in agreement with previous works. We hence conclude that the emission from the envelopes is a viable explanation for the observed water emission, although we cannot totally rule out the alternative that the observed water emission originates in the outflow. The envelopes are formed by a static envelope where the density follows the r 2 law, at r 1500 AU, and a collapsing envelope where the density follows the r 3=2 law. The density of the envelopes at 1500 AU from the center is4 10 6 cm 3 and the dust temperature is30 K, i.e. about the evaporation temperature of CO-rich ices. This may explain previous observations that claimed a factor of 10 depletion of CO in IRAS 4, as those observations probe the outer30 K region of the envelope. The water is5 10 7 less abundant than H2 in the outer and cold envelope, whereas its abundance jumps to5 10 6 in the innermost warm region, at r 80 AU where the dust temperature exceeds 100 K, the evaporation temperature of H2O-rich ices. We derive a mass of 0.5 M for each protostar, and an accretion rate of 5 10 5 M yr 1 , implying an age of about 10000 years, if the accretion rate remains constant. We finally discuss the dierence between IRAS 4 and IRAS 16293-2422, where a similar analysis has been carried out. We found that IRAS 4 is probably a younger system than IRAS 16293-2422. This fact, coupled with the larger distance of IRAS 4 from the Sun, fully explains the apparent dierence in the molecular emission of these two sources, which is much richer in IRAS 16293-2422.
The ‘girls’: women press photographers and the representation of women in Australian newspapers

In 1975, Fairfax News commemorated International Women’s Year by appointing Lorrie Graham as its first female cadet photographer. Women only joined the photographic staff of newspapers in significant numbers from the 1980s and were more likely to be employed on regional newspapers than the metropolitan dailies. This article draws on interviews with male and female press photographers collected for the National Library of Australia’s oral history programme. It provides an overview of the history of women press photographers in Australia, situating their working lives within an overtly masculine newspaper culture where gender inequity was entrenched. It also examines the gendered and evolving photographic representations of women in the Australian press, including those of women in positions of social and political leadership. Although women press photographers have achieved greater recognition in the 2000s, the transformation of the media industry has impacted the working practices and employment of press photographers.
Analyzing Landscape Trends on Agriculture, Introduced Exotic Grasslands and Riparian Ecosystems in Arid Regions of Mexico

Project: "Strengthening Resilience of Arid Region Riparian Corridors Ecohydrology and Decision-Making in the Sonora and San Pedro Watersheds"; National Science Foundation's Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human (CNH) Systems Program; National Council for Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); [CB2013-223525-R]; [INF2012/1-188387]
Vibration-Based Surface Recognition for Smartphones

With various sensors in a smart phone, it is now possible to obtain information about a user and her surroundings, such as the location of a smartphone and the activity of the smartphone user, and the obtained context information is being used to provide new services to the users. In this paper, we propose VibePhone, which uses a built-in vibrator and accelerometer, for recognizing the type of surfaces contacted by a smart phone, enabling the sense of touch in smartphones. For humans and animals, the sense of touch is fundamental for both recognizing and learning the properties of objects. The sense of touch is obtained from the texture of an object and humans recognize the type of an object by scrubbing the surface with fingers. Since a smartphone cannot physically scrub the contacting surface, we emulate the touch by generating vibrations using a smartphone and propose a method to recognize the type of contacting objects. The recognition of the object type by vibration alone is an extremely difficult task, even for a human. However, we demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish object types into broad categories where a phone is usually placed, e.g., sofas, plastic tables, wooden tables, hands, backpacks, and pants pockets. The proposed VibePhone system achieves an accuracy over 85% on average. We have prototyped VibePhone on an Android-based smart phone which changes its background display based on the contacting surface. We envision that the haptic perception in future smart phones will enable new experiences to the users.
Correlational Evidence between the Processing Speed Index, Coherent Motion Threshold, and Achievement Scores of Children With and Without Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to determine the responses to three research questions. Is there an inverse relationship between PSI and CMT? Is a score on PSI associated with a child’s performance on math fluency and math calculation? Is CMT associated with PSI on math fluency and math calculation? Academic performance in math was measured by tests of math fluency and calculation. The study investigated the likelihood that a child with a slow PSI will have a high coherent motion threshold (CMT). The diagnostic status groups were comprised of 33 children from 2 nd to 8 th grades. The children were divided into three groups. One group of children with a learning disability in math only, one group of children with a learning disability in reading and in math, and one group of typically developing children. The group of typically developing subjects served as the control group, and the remaining two groups served as the experimental groups. A correlational research model was used to determine if a relationship exists between Coherent Motion and PSI. A linear regression analysis was conducted to test the correlation between CMT and PSI to gather data relative to the first research question. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to further test Hypothesis One. Results indicated that there is a moderate negative relationship that exists between PSI and CMT. It was further hypothesized that PSI is associated with a child’s score on math fluency and math calculation, and that CMT is associated with PSI on math fluency and math calculation. A regression analysis was conducted to gather data relative to the second and third research question. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted and the findings suggested a moderate negative relationship exist between CMT and PSI. A regression analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to show the relationship between math fluency and PSI, math calculation and PSI, and math Processing Speed, Coherent Motion, Achievement 3 calculation along with math fluency and PSI. The results revealed that a strong direct relationship exists between math fluency, math calculation and processing speed. A regression model was created to determine if PSI and CMT, along with being identified as disabled, can be used as a predictor for math fluency and math calculation scores. When CMT is combined with PSI and students identified as having a disability, the findings revealed that it was not a strong predictor of math fluency and math calculation abilities. Processing Speed, Coherent Motion, Achievement 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 8 Background of the Study 14 Statement of the Problem 19 Purpose of the Study 19 Research Questions 20 Research Hypotheses 21 Scope of the Study 21 Limitations of the Study 22 Significance of the Study 22