Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ureteral Length on Urological Complications and Patient Survival After Kidney Transplantation

Background Urologic complications are of the most important complications after kidney transplantation which increases mortality and morbidity significantly. Objectives We designed this study to evaluate the association between ureteral length and postoperative complications. Patients and Methods We recorded the length of the transplanted ureter during the operation. Ureter-to-bladder anastomosis was performed using modified Lich-Gregoir method on the ureteral stent. Complications like urine leakage and increased creatinine were evaluated. We used both univariate and multivariate analyses and survival analysis according lengths of ureter. It means that the main variable is ureteral length and other variables are studied based on it. Result A total of 395 patients with the mean age of 37 years (range, 18 to 68 years) were enrolled in the study, twenty six graft lost during the follow-up period. The Mean age of recipients was 37 ± 13 years. Urinary stenosis was seen in 6 patients (1.5%) and urinary leakage in 4 (1%) patients. The complication rate was not significantly different between these groups (P = 0.67). We found that there were no significant difference among complication (P = 0.25), hospitalization (P = 0.31) and survival (P = 0.84) at 5.5 cm length cut off. Conclusions The length of transplanted ureter does not affect the postoperative urologic complications (including urinary fistula and ureter-to-bladder anastomosis stricture), and it seems that decreased rate of complication frequency during the recent years is due to technical improvement, surgeon’s skillfulness and development in use of immunosuppressant’s postoperatively.
Individual adjustment during technological innovation: A research framework

Abstract Technological innovation is the focus of this paper, which integrates the literature on the individual-level experience of computing technology transitions from a wide variety of disciplines. From this review, preventive interventions are developed to ease the stressful aspects of technological change for the individual and facilitate positive adjustment for the organization. Finally, cooperative efforts between researchers and practitioners are called for, and a more holistic framework with suggestions regarding the content and process of such joint ventures is proposed.
Non-Neuronal Cells Are Required to Mediate the Effects of Neuroinflammation: Results from a Neuron-Enriched Culture System

Chronic inflammation is associated with activated microglia and reactive astrocytes and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that inflammatory cytokine responses to immune challenges contribute to neuronal death during neurodegeneration. In order to investigate the role of glial cells in this phenomenon, we developed a modified method to remove the non-neuronal cells in primary cultures of E16.5 mouse cortex. We modified previously reported methods as we found that a brief treatment with the thymidine analog, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU), is sufficient to substantially deplete dividing non-neuronal cells in primary cultures. Cell cycle and glial markers confirm the loss of ~99% of all microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). More importantly, under this milder treatment, the neurons suffered neither cell loss nor any morphological defects up to 2.5 weeks later; both pre- and post-synaptic markers were retained. Further, neurons in FdU-treated cultures remained responsive to excitotoxicity induced by glutamate application. The immunobiology of the FdU culture, however, was significantly changed. Compared with mixed culture, the protein levels of NFκB p65 and the gene expression of several cytokine receptors were altered. Individual cytokines or conditioned medium from β-amyloid-stimulated THP-1 cells that were, potent neurotoxins in normal, mixed cultures, were virtually inactive in the absence of glial cells. The results highlight the importance of our glial-depleted culture system and identifies and offer unexpected insights into the complexity of -brain neuroinflammation.
Homelessness as a Choice

Abstract It has long been assumed that homelessness is a personal choice. As a choice, homelessness is embedded within debates about deviant behaviours and problematic pathologies. The “homeless person” is either making calculated and immoral choices to be homeless, or they are perceived to be powerless agents who lack the capacity to exercise choices. Rarely has it been adequately explained, however, what choosing homelessness means and how people who are homeless make sense of their choices. The structural and individual circumstances that situate and make choices meaningful require robust consideration. Drawing on ethnographic research with people sleeping rough, this article unpacks and illuminates some of the hidden complexities that underpin choices to be homeless. With an objective of retaining people’s sense for autonomy, the article contributes to the field by arguing that choice can be understood as an expression of agency and a commitment to a “normal” identity.
The Effects of Attention Switching on Encoding and Retrieval of Words in Younger and Older Adults

ABSTRACT Two experiments examined the interaction between aging, attention switching, encoding process, and recognition memory using different versions of a cued attention switching paradigm. In Experiment 1, 30 younger and 35 older adults encoded words based on font color, meaning, or by explicit learning with a color response during performance of a choice–reaction time (RT) task. Attention switches were cued by means of stimulus location, and occurred on average every seven trials. In Experiment 2, attention switching was precued from a central fixation point and the number of critical switch trials was increased, occurring on average every four trials. Memory was assessed in both experiments by means of a forced-choice recognition task. Results indicated that, relative to color encoding, older adults benefited more than younger adults from semantic encoding, but less from explicit learning instructions. Attention switching disrupted encoding task performance of older adults more than that of younger adults, but recognition memory was generally unaffected. Results are discussed in light of theoretical models of aging memory that posit a role for executive control processing.
Balance between Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus: Role for Reelin

The extracellular matrix protein reelin is essential for the proper radial migration of cortical neurons. In reeler mice lacking reelin, there is a malformation of the radial glial scaffold required for granule cell migration. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reveals abundant radial glial cells with long fibers traversing the granular layer in the wild type, but almost exclusively astrocytes in the reeler mutant. With the concept that radial glial cells are precursors of neurons, we hypothesized that the balance between neurogenesis and gliogenesis is altered in the reeler mutant. To this end, adult reeler mutants and their wild-type littermates were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of newly generated cells. When compared to wild-type animals, we found a reduction in the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the adult reeler dentate gyrus. Moreover, whereas there was a dramatic decrease in the number of newly generated granule cells identified by double labeling for BrdU and NeuN, the number of BrdU-labeled, GFAP-positive astrocytes had increased. Decreased neurogenesis in the adult reeler dentate gyrus was confirmed by immunostaining for doublecortin, a marker of newly generated neurons. These results indicate that adult neurogenesis is altered in the reeler dentate gyrus and that newly generated cells preferentially differentiate into astrocytes.
Chronic inflammatory cells and damaged limbal cells in pterygium.

BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation in pterygium occurrence has not been explained. Whether damaged limbal basal epithelial cells are associated with pterygium occurrence in black Africans is not clear. OBJECTIVE To explain chronic inflammation in pterygium, and to clarify whether damaged limbal basal epithelial cells were associated with pterygium occurrence in black Africans. METHODS Chronic inflammatory changes and damaged limbal basal epithelial cells were assessed in 59 samples. RESULTS Chronic inflammatory cells were present in 59 pterygia. Inflammatory cell count in 5 (27.8%) of 18 small pterygia was >200 (high) while in 22 (53.7%) of 41 large growths was <200 (low); p = 0.25. The proportion of pterygia with high counts tended to increase with pterygium extent. Twenty (33.9%) of 59 pterygia recurred after surgery. Ten (50%) of 20 samples had high cell counts and 10 (50%), low counts; p = 0.40. P53 expression was detected in 11 (18.6%) of 59 pterygium samples and 5 (71.4%) of 7 controls; p = 0.007. MMP 1 staining was present in 14 (23.7%) of 59 sections and 5 (71.4%) of 7 controls; p = 0.02. MMP2 in 16 (27.1%) cases and 5 (71.4%) controls; p = 0.03. MMP3 was overexpressed in 16 (27.1%) of 59 cases and 5 (71.4%) controls; p = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS Mild chronic inflammation has a tendency to be more frequent than severe inflammation in pterygia. It is clear that damaged limbal basal epithelial cells are unlikely to be related to pterygium occurrence.
The composition of oil phase modulates venous irritation of lipid emulsion-loaded diallyl trisulfide

Introduction: In this study, a nanoemulsion system (LE) was investigated for intravenous delivery of diallyl trisulfide (DT), which was a lipophilic and venous irritant drug for systemic therapy of bacterial and fungal infection. Methods: Egg phospholipid was chosen as the only emulsifier, soybean oil, medium chain triglyceride (MCT), and olive oil were used as the oil phases, forming stable DT LEs (o/w) with small particle sizes. The venous irritation of DT LEs was evaluated by in vitro human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUV-EC CRL 1730) tolerance model with the intracellular ATP and GTP concentrations as the indices. Results: The intracellular ATP and GTP reduction changed with the incorporation of a variety of oils, which were strongly related with the free DT concentration of DT LEs. Discussion: It was deduced that the free DT concentrations of LEs made of various oils depended on the particle sizes of the DT LEs. In conclusion, the oil phases modulated the free DT concentrations by forming DT LEs with different particle sizes, and optimization of the oil phase was an effective method to alleviate the venous irritation of DT LEs.
Social identity and perceived group homogeneity: Evidence for the ingroup homogeneity effect

On the basis of social identity theory, we argue that the search for a positive social identity is characterized by the accentuation of perceived ingroup homogeneity relative to perceived outgroup homogeneity (the ingroup homogeneity effect). To test our specific hypotheses, we conducted an experiment in which some subjects were provided with a well-defined group membership and others were allocated to ill-defined groups. We also manipulated the information about the relative sizes of the groups. Subsequently, several measures of perceived dimensional and general group homogeneity were administered. As predicted, members of well-defined groups revealed the ingroup homogeneity effect for an attribute associated with the definition of their group. On the other hand, members of ill-defined groups displayed social creativity and selected alternative attributes to accentuate the relative ingroup homogeneity. Moreover, when intergroup comparisons did not contribute positively to the self-concept, subjects accentuated their positive personal identity and evinced the outgroup homogeneity effect. Consistent with previous research, subjects identified more strongly with a well-defined group when it was a minority rather than a majority. Minority members also perceived more general homogeneity within the ingroup than within the outgroup, whereas the majority members showed the opposite effect. Finally, the interrelationship between personal and social identity is briefly discussed.
Second primary cancer after treatment for cervical cancer. Late effects after radiotherapy

Using data from the population‐based Danish Cancer Registry, the relative risk (RR) of second primary cancer was assessed among 24,970 women with invasive cervical cancer (1943–1982) and 19,470 women with carcinoma in situ of the cervix. The analysis was stratified according to treatment with (+) and without (‐) radiation. For all second primaries combined, a RR + = 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.18) and a RR‐ = 1.3 (95% CI = 1.13–1.40) was observed after invasive cervical cancers and a RR+ = 3.5 (95% CI = 1.4–7.2) and RR‐ = 1.1 (95% CI = 0.7–1.6) following in situ cancer. The small overall excess of second primary cancer is accounted for by an increase of some cancers such as lung, bladder, and a concurrent decrease in others such as breast. Although not statistically different from nonirradiated, the RR increased with time since treatment among irradiated invasive cervical cancer patients in organs close to and at intermediate distance from the cervix, reaching a maximum after 30 or more years of follow‐up (RR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.4–2.5). Altogether, for these sites an excess of 64 cases per 10,000 women per year were attributable to radiation among survivors of 30+ years. The highest risks among long‐term survivors were observed for the following: other genital organs (RR = 5.8; 95% CI = 1.8–13.0) bladder (RR = 5.5; 95% CI = 2.8–9.5), connective tissue (RR = 3.3; 95% CI = 0.4–12.0), stomach (RR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1–4.7) and rectum (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1–4.6). A significant deficit of risk for breast cancer (RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6–0.8) was observed for 10+ years, may be attributable to the effect of ovarian ablation by radiotherapy. It is speculated that the same effect also may explain the observed deficits of brain tumors (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–1.0) and skin melanomas (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.3–1.0). It is concluded that cancers attributable to radiation, apart from acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, tend to appear late (10 or more years after radiotherapy), and that the risk remains elevated for more than 30 years.
Untreated depression and hippocampal volume loss.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antidepressant treatment on hippocampal volumes in patients with major depression. METHOD For 38 female outpatients, the total time each had been in a depressive episode was divided into days during which the patient was receiving antidepressant medication and days during which no antidepressant treatment was received. Hippocampal gray matter volumes were determined by high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and unbiased stereological measurement. RESULTS Longer durations during which depressive episodes went untreated with antidepressant medication were associated with reductions in hippocampal volume. There was no significant relationship between hippocampal volume loss and time depressed while taking antidepressant medication or with lifetime exposure to antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS Antidepressants may have a neuroprotective effect during depression.
Chaotic Map-Based Anonymous User Authentication Scheme With User Biometrics and Fuzzy Extractor for Crowdsourcing Internet of Things

The recent proliferation of mobile devices, such as smartphones and wearable devices has given rise to crowdsourcing Internet of Things (IoT) applications. E-healthcare service is one of the important services for the crowdsourcing IoT applications that facilitates remote access or storage of medical server data to the authorized users (for example, doctors, patients, and nurses) via wireless communication. As wireless communication is susceptible to various kinds of threats and attacks, remote user authentication is highly essential for a hazard-free use of these services. In this paper, we aim to propose a new secure three-factor user remote user authentication protocol based on the extended chaotic maps. The three factors involved in the proposed scheme are: 1) smart card; 2) password; and 3) personal biometrics. As the proposed scheme avoids computationally expensive elliptic curve point multiplication or modular exponentiation operation, it is lightweight and efficient. The formal security verification using the widely-accepted verification tool, called the ProVerif 1.93, shows that the presented scheme is secure. In addition, we present the formal security analysis using the both widely accepted real-or-random model and Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic. With the combination of high security and appreciably low communication and computational overheads, our scheme is very much practical for battery limited devices for the healthcare applications as compared to other existing related schemes.
Response to R. Keith Sawyer

R. Keith Sawyer rightly claimed that the formulation of several cross-level regularities does not disprove the “autonomy” of sciences. Nevertheless, first, this autonomy becomes gradual because cross-level regularities narrow the scope for strong emergence and, second, these examples do not disprove the metaphysical premises of Kim’s critique. Sawyer and I concur on the thesis according to which the proof of strong emergence is in part an empirical question. However, it also depends on the concept of individualism applied whether a description or explanation can count as reducible or not. Even if some of the examples given might leave open the possibility of strong emergence, to generalize, to consider relations or to point to the unpredictability of social processes do not prove the existence of irreducible multiple realization.
Ischaemic heart disease deaths in Brazil: current trends, regional disparities and future projections

Objective To quantify the trend of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) deaths in Brazil during the last decade (2000–2010) for various population characteristics and to forecast the upcoming mortality trends across regions in Brazil until the year 2015. Design Nationwide comparative observational study. Patients and methods The population studied encompassed all adult residents (≥20 years) living in five Brazilian regions between 2000 and 2010. Demographic, economic and mortality data were obtained from Brazilian National Mortality Data System and National Applied Economics Research Institute. Subnotified deaths were redistributed proportionally to IHD deaths. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100 000 inhabitants, by sex and region, were calculated employing a standard Brazilian population and constructing multivariate regression models to quantify and to project temporal trends. Main outcome measures Absolute numbers of death due to IHD and region-specific death rates in Brazil by age and sex. Results During the study period, 627 786 men and 452 690 women died due to IHD in Brazil. ASMR trends across all regions for men and women converged, driven by a declining trend in the South and Southeast and an opposite incline in the North and Northeast (p<0.05). Future projections demonstrated potential widening of the observed North–South gap in coming years. Conclusions The IHD death trend in Brazil has changed from a decline to a stagnant state. However, a significant discrepancy in mortality trends exists between the northern and southern regions, which is likely to widen further. Reappraisal of the public health policies tailored to populations with diverse socioeconomic structures is urgently required.
Rio 2016 and the sport participation legacies

The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions held by physical education professionals of the sport participation legacy associated with the 2016 Olympic Games (Rio 2016). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 professionals who resided in Rio de Janeiro at the time of the study. In general, apart from the tangible legacies, individuals were completely unaware of what is being proposed by the different levels of government and the organising committee to maximise the potential benefits of the event for the local community. According to participants, the local population was never consulted about, or properly informed of, what was involved in staging the event and its planned legacies. The perceptions of post-Games changes in sport participation, using the 2007 Rio de Janeiro Pan-American Games as a point of comparison, ranged from no impact to a short-term increase. The reason for this, according to participants, was the lack of long-term planning and policies to encourage and promote sport participation. In conclusion, in order for benefits of mega events to be leveraged, the different levels of government need to develop long-term actions and policies to encourage sports participation in conjunction with the employment of the infrastructural legacy towards this end.
Children and adolescents who present with sexually abusive behaviour: A UK descriptive study

Abstract Background: This study describes the largest UK sample of young people presenting with sexually abusive behaviour to a fourth-tier NHS specialist service. Aims: To describe the psychosocial and behavioural characteristics of these children. Method: The case files of 280 referrals to a national assessment and treatment service for young people displaying sexually harmful behaviour were reviewed using a specially designed research protocol. Results: The sample had experienced extremely emotionally deprived and abusive upbringings, with family instability and dysfunction. Early onset of sexual and aggressive behaviour, neuropsychological deficits, and mental health problems were noted. Conclusions: A matrix of developmental risk factors underlies the onset of sexually abusive behaviour in this sample. The need for a developmental model of sexually abusive behaviour in children is stressed.
‘I was overcome with joy at that moment’: successful experiences of school counsellors

ABSTRACT Inspired by positive psychology, the present research explores the manner in which school counsellors perceive the meaning of success in their work. Data were collected by means of a narrative questionnaire in which 66 school counsellors were requested to write a detailed description of a well-remembered successful experience and to answer two questions: (1) What were the factors that facilitated the success? (2) What personal insights were gained? A content analysis yielded categories of types of success, contributing factors, and personal insights. A quantitative analysis demonstrated the frequency of the occurrence of the categories and their relationship to the type of event: individual-oriented vs. system-oriented. The findings revealed that while successful experiences were retrieved from a wide array of domains, individual counselling was predominant. The contributing factors included acquired skills, and the insights were reflected in increased awareness of personal abilities and new professional knowledge. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for the well-being of the counsellor in the light of current trends in school counselling.
Constrictive Constructs: Unravelling the influence of Weber's sociology on Theravada studies since the 1960s

The present article assesses the substantial impact of Weber's sociology upon studies of Theravada Buddhism. In doing so, it reviews several important works on Theravada Buddhism with a view to analysing the use, influence and implications of Weber's sociology in Buddhist studies. After providing a broad overview of this influence in Theravada studies the discussion culminates with a more detailed discussion of the impact of Weber's sociology on the study and representation of Thai Buddhism.