Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BURNOUT OF UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC STAFF IN TURKEY

The aim of this study was to see how university academic staff burnout is related to variables characteristics such as status and gender. A total of 190 university academic staff responded to the survey. “Burnout Inventory” was used as one of research instruments to measure the subjects' burnout level. “the Maslach Burnout Inventory” was used to measure dimensions of teachers‟ burnout consisting of three sub scales: emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalisation. The findings showed that all burnout dimensions were either positively or negatively related to independent variables. Males have less emotional exhaustion but higher depersonalisation than their female counterparts. Two variable, which are work years and academic status were revealed to be significantly predictive of depersonalisation and personal accomplishment.
reproduction: a replacement for reciprocity

An overemphasis on equivalences in exchange procedures forces us to continue to depend upon theories and models based on “norms of reciprocity. ” This “reciprocity approach” disregards the significance of time and analyzes reciprocal equivalences for what, in fact, may be a process of replacement. Significant wealth objects, originally given in exchange, may be reclaimed years or generations later and in this way the replacement process gives an exchange system a dimension of reproductive potential. From this “reproductive perspective,” death rather than marriage operates as a regulatory force, allowing for the replacement of wealth, and the long-term regeneration of social relations. [reproduction, exchange, death, Melanesia, Trobriand Islanders]
Through the looking glass: self-reassuring meta-cognitive capacity and its relationship with the thematic content of voices

Aims: To examine the self-critical thoughts and self-reassuring meta-cognitive capacity of those who hear voices and explore whether they are associated with the theme of voice content and appraisals of voice power and voice expressed emotion. Method: A cross-sectional design was used, combining semi-structured interviews and self-report measures. Data on symptomatology, self-critical thoughts and self-reassuring meta-cognitive capacity, thematic voice content, and appraisals of voice power and expressed emotion were collected from 74 voice-hearers in Birmingham, UK. Results: Common themes of voice content reflected issues of shame, control, and affiliation. Controlling content was the most prevalent theme, however, no significant predictor of this theme was found; shaming thematic voice content linked with reduced capacity to self-reassure following self-critical thoughts. Voice-hearers with the greatest level of self-critical thoughts appraised their voices as powerful and high in voice expressed emotion. Conclusions: Findings suggest that voice-hearers self-critical thoughts are reflected in the type of relationship they have with their voice. However, access to self-reassuring meta-cognitive capacity may serve as a protective factor for those who hear voices, resulting in more benign voice content. These findings highlight the importance of this specific meta-cognitive capacity and will inform future therapeutic interventions for the management of voices in this vulnerable group.
An Information Processing Account of Audiational Abilities

Relationships between individual differences in audiation as measured by Gordon's Music Aptitude Profile (MAP) and generic information processing abilities as proposed by Luria were investigated with a sample of primary school children, some of whom were musically gifted. Scores on all three audiational dimensions of tone, rhythm and sensitivity were significantly correlated with successive synthesis, which may indicate a strong dependence of the MAP on short-term memory. Success on the MAP was not as dependent on simultaneous and executive syntheses. Musically gifted subjects were superior on the tests for tone and rhythm, but not generally on tests for musical sensitivity, consistent with the independence of musical sensitivity as a separate construct from conventional musical aptitude. The musical experience of members of the musically gifted group did not contribute to the variance of their MAP results.
Cadherins Associate with Distinct Stem Cell-Related Transcription Factors to Coordinate the Maintenance of Stemness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with poor prognosis and is enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, it is not completely understood how the CSCs were maintained in TNBC. In this study, by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provisional datasets and several small-size breast datasets, we found that cadherins (CDHs) 2, 4, 6, and 17 were frequently amplified/overexpressed in 47% of TNBC while E-cadherin (CDH1) was downregulated/mutated at 10%. The alterations of CDH2/4/6/17 were strongly associated with the elevated levels of several stem cell-related transcription factors (SC-TFs) including FOXM1, MCM2, WWTR1, SNAI1, and SOX9. CDH2/4/6/17-enriched genes including FOXM1 and MCM2 were also clustered and regulated by NFY (nuclear transcription factor Y) and/or EVI1/MECOM. Meanwhile, these SC-TFs including NFYA were upregulated in TNBC cells, but they were downregulated in luminal type of cells. Furthermore, small compounds might be predicted via the Connectivity Map analysis to target TNBC with the alterations of CDH2/4/6/17 and SC-TFs. Together with the important role of these SC-TFs in the stem cell regulation, our data provide novel insights into the maintenance of CSCs in TNBC and the discovery of these SC-TFs associated with the alterations of CDH2/4/6/17 has an implication in targeted therapy of TNBC.
The development of psychopathology in females and males: Current progress and future challenges

In recent years, the role of gender in the development of psychopathology has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, theoreticians, and other professionals interested in the well-being of children and adolescents. This interest has taken diverse forms, ranging from the examination of sex differences in the prevalence of adjustment difficulties to the exploration of unique etiologies and trajectories in the development of psychopathology for boys versus girls. In this paper we (a) critically examine the current status of available theories, research, and methods related to the study of gender and psychopathology and provide recommendations for future work; (b) identify promising new trends that appear to have utility for enhancing our understanding of the role of gender in the development of adjustment difficulties; and (c) generate conclusions regarding gender and psychopathology by integrating information from past and present work with new ideas about fruitful directions for future inquiry.
Proportionate affine projection algorithms from a basis pursuit perspective

It can be shown that the update of the affine projection algorithm (APA) can be decomposed as the sum of two orthogonal vectors. One of these vectors is derived from an ℓ<sub>2</sub>-norm optimization problem while the other one is simply a good initialization vector. By replacing the ℓ<sub>2</sub>-norm optimization with the ℓ<sub>k</sub>-norm optimization (with 0 <; k ≤ 1), we can obtain a class of proportionate APAs (PAPAs). In this context, we evaluate the impact of the different ℓ<sub>k</sub>-norm optimizations over the performance of the PAPAs.
Microscopic examination of changes of plant cell structure in corn stover due to hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Particle size associated with accessible surface area has a significant impact on the saccharification of plant cell walls by cellulolytic enzymes. Small particle sizes of untreated cellulosic substrate are more readily hydrolyzed than large ones because of higher specific surface area. Pretreatment enlarges accessible and susceptible surface area leading to enhanced cellulose hydrolysis. These hypotheses were tested using ground corn stover in the size ranges of 425–710 and 53–75 µm. Ultrastructural changes in these particles were imaged after treatment with cellulolytic enzymes before and after liquid hot water pretreatment. The smaller 53–75 µm corn stover particles are 1.5× more susceptible to hydrolysis than 425–710 µm corn stover particles. This difference between the two particle size ranges is eliminated when the stover is pretreated with liquid hot water pretreatment at 190°C for 15 min, at pH between 4.3 and 6.2. This pretreatment causes ultrastructural changes and formation of micron‐sized pores that make the cellulose more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 265–278. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological role and clinical relevance of high‐density lipoprotein subclasses

Low HDL cholesterol is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk. Considerable effort has been undertaken to improve the predictive value of HDL cholesterol by the quantification of HDL subclasses. Controversy still exists as to whether quantification of apolipoprotein A-l, selective precipitation of HDL2, or differential immunoassays of apolipoprotein A-l-containing particles improve the diagnostic value of HDL cholesterol. Some quantitatively minor subclasses of HDL, namely pre-β-1-lipoprotein(AI) and γ-lipoproteinE, contribute significantly to the release of cellular cholesterol into the plasma compartment, and possibly to the antiatherogenic role of HDL. These particles can only be separated from the bulk of HDL by laborious electrophoretic techniques that, although provide important insights into the physiology of reverse cholesterol transport, are not suitable for clinical laboratories. Thus, to date, clinicians are not recommended to extend the measurement of HDL cholesterol to include the determination of HDL subclasses.
Retinoic acid as a therapeutic option in Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on cholinergic restoration

Retinoic acid is a potent cell differentiating factor, which through its nuclear receptors affects a vast range of promoter sites in brain neuronal and glial cells in every step of embryonic and postnatal life. Its capacities, facilitating maturation of neurotransmitter phenotype in different groups of neurons, pave the way for its application as a potential therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. Retinoic acid was found to exert particularly strong enhancing effects on acetylcholine transmitter functions in brain cholinergic neurons, loss of which is tightly linked to the development of cognitive and memory deficits in course of different cholinergic encephalopathies. Here, we review cholinotrophic properties of retinoic acid and its derivatives, which may justify their application in the management of Alzheimer’s disease and the related neurodegenerative conditions.
Drug Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Synthesis: Genetics of dTDP-Rhamnose Synthetic Enzymes and Development of a Microtiter Plate-Based Screen for Inhibitors of Conversion of dTDP-Glucose to dTDP-Rhamnose

ABSTRACT An l-rhamnosyl residue plays an essential structural role in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, the four enzymes (RmlA to RmlD) that form dTDP-rhamnose from dTTP and glucose-1-phosphate are important targets for the development of new tuberculosis therapeutics. M. tuberculosis genes encoding RmlA, RmlC, and RmlD have been identified and expressed inEscherichia coli. It is shown here that genes for only one isotype each of RmlA to RmlD are present in the M. tuberculosis genome. The gene for RmlB is Rv3464. Rv3264c was shown to encode ManB, not a second isotype of RmlA. Using recombinant RmlB, -C, and -D enzymes, a microtiter plate assay was developed to screen for inhibitors of the formation of dTDP-rhamnose. The three enzymes were incubated with dTDP-glucose and NADPH to form dTDP-rhamnose and NADP+ with a concomitant decrease in optical density at 340 nm (OD340). Inhibitor candidates were monitored for their ability to lower the rate of OD340change. To test the robustness and practicality of the assay, a chemical library of 8,000 compounds was screened. Eleven inhibitors active at 10 μM were identified; four of these showed activities against whole M. tuberculosis cells, with MICs from 128 to 16 μg/ml. A rhodanine structural motif was present in three of the enzyme inhibitors, and two of these showed activity against wholeM. tuberculosis cells. The enzyme assay was used to screen 60 Peruvian plant extracts known to inhibit the growth ofM. tuberculosis in culture; two extracts were active inhibitors in the enzyme assay at concentrations of less than 2 μg/ml.
Family history and reading habits in adult-onset myopia

Purpose. A retrospective study was developed to evaluate risk factors in adult-onset myopia. Methods. Subjects included were 25 to 35 years old. There were 116 non-myopic subjects in the control group and 66 myopic subjects with first lens prescription at age 17 or later. Subjects received a questionnaire about academic achievement, daily hours of reading during years of study, and family history of myopia. Results. The level of academic achievement was similar for myopic and non-myopic groups in this sample. Myopia was associated with family history (? 2 = 6.131, p = 0.013) and with daily hours of reading during years of study (? 2 = 3.904, p = 0.048). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, the correlation of myopia with family history adjusted for daily hours of reading remained significant (p = 0.005), whereas the correlation with daily hours of reading adjusted for family history was not significant (p = 0.061). Conclusions. After multivariate analysis, adult-onset myopia was significantly associated only with family history of myopia.
Feedback in Written Instruction

When students respond to an instructional communication, telling them whether or not their answer is correct increases the amount of material remembered on a later test (Anderson, Kulhavy, & Andre, 1971; Gilman, 1969; Meyer, 1960). Unfortunately, the mechanisms responsible for such facilitation are frequently misunderstood, and one can find numerous examples in both research and instructional development where feedback is used inappropriately, neutralizing any positive effects it might have on student performance. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an integration of the work done on feedback processes, especially as these results apply to written lessons and the design of instructional materials. Finally, this discussion makes no attempt to cover the more task specific literature dealing with motor learning, simple concept acquisition, or paired-associates, since excellent reviews already exist in these areas (Adams, 1968; Ammons, 1956; Bilodeau, 1966; Bourne, 1966; Renner, 1964).
A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Aspirations.

Aspirations research has pursued four lines of inquiry, all grounded in Lewin's field theory. This locates aspirations studies within that class of theories which presuppose that individuals make efficient choices to maximize their satisfactions and minimize their dissatisfactions. While prior research has focused upon the goals which are the objects of aspirations, the present paper argues that shifting the focus to what people invest in their aspirations suggests fruitful, new lines of inquiry. An operational definition of an aspiration as any future goal in which an individual is willing to invest time, effort or money is proposed. This directs attention to the dynamic processes by which individuals assess opportunities, constraints and risks and choose goals and strategies for attaining the goals. This retains the field theoretical perspective which has guided previous research. At the same time, it suggests new ways of quantifying aspiration levels and establishes a metric which permits the comparison of previously incommensurable aspirations. Since it is not the writer's intent to advance a theory of aspirations, but rather to develop a conceptual framework applicable across different disciplines and different theoretical perspectives, the present paper makes no attempt to develop a theory of aspirations nor to propose hypotheses for testing.
Adaptive Concurrency Control: Despite the Looking Glass, One Concurrency Control Does Not Fit All

Use of transactional multicore main-memory databases is growing due to dramatic increases in memory size and CPU cores available for a single machine. To leverage these resources, recent concurrency control protocols have been proposed for main-memory databases, but are largely optimized for speciﬁc workloads. Due to shifting and unknown access patterns, workloads may change and one speciﬁc algorithm cannot dynamically ﬁt all varied workloads. Thus, it is desirable to choose the right concurrency control protocol for a given workload. To address this issue we present adaptive concurrency control (ACC), that dynamically clusters data and chooses the optimal concurrency control protocol for each cluster. ACC addresses three key challenges: i) how to cluster data to minimize cross-cluster access and maintain load-balancing, ii) how to model workloads and perform protocol selection accordingly, and iii) how to support mixed concurrency control protocols running simultaneously. In this paper, we outline these challenges and present prelimi-nary results.
Selection, Egg Viability, and Fecundity of the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with Tebufenozide

Abstract Two separate attempts to select the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), for resistance to tebufenozide were unsuccessful. Both selected colonies were lost after the fourth generation due to a lack of oviposition. Differences were not detected in fecundity or percent egg viability for 5-d-old third instars exposed to concentrations (EC5, EC15, and EC30) of tebufenozide for 7 d. Decreases (P ≤ 0.01) in mean female pupal weights were detected in larvae exposed to EC15 and EC30 concentrations. An ovicidal impact using serial dilutions of tebufenozide (10, 100, and 200 ppm) also was detected. Percent viability was reduced from 98% for untreated eggs to 61% for eggs dipped in 10 ppm and below 6% for eggs dipped in ≥100 ppm. Eggs treated with 200 ppm did not hatch. Though some embryonic development was observed on eggs treated with the high concentrations (100 and 200 ppm), sclerotization of head capsule was not apparent. The ovicidal property of tebufenozide may enhance its effectiveness in controlling populations of the D. saccharalis on an area-wide basis. Fecundity and egg viability were affected in later generations of selection; however, separate studies assessing individuals that were exposed to sublethal concentration (EC5, EC15, and EC30) of tebufenozide as third instars for 7 d in one generation did not detect differences.
Socializing Agents for Sport and Physical Activities in Teenage Students: Comparative Studies in Samples From Costa Rica, Mexico, and Spain

The aim of this study is to analyze a set of socializing agents for sport and physical activities and to establish their relationship with leisure time sport and physical activities behaviors and practice patterns in samples of teenage students with different sociocultural backgrounds. The sample included 2168 students in their first year of secondary education, 423 of them being from Costa Rica, 408 from Mexico, and 1337 from Spain (1052 male students, 1037 female students, and 79 students who did not specify gender) aged 11–16 years old (M = 12.49; SD = .81). A validated questionnaire with questions about leisure time sport and physical activities and socializing agents was used. Descriptive, inferential, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out with SPSS 17.0 to compare all three countries. Costa Rica had the most active students, best friends’ inactivity, and unsupportive parents being the agents predicting inactivity and a low level of sport and physical activities. Mexico has a high dropout rate and inactive students exceed active ones; no agent predicts inactivity or sport and physical activities pattern. Spain has the highest level of sport and physical activities practice, and parents, siblings, and friends are predicting agents of inactivity together with unsupportive parents and friends.
A Balanced Finite Element Method for Singularly Perturbed Reaction-Diffusion Problems

Consider the singularly perturbed linear reaction-diffusion problem $-\varepsilon^2 \Delta u + bu = f$ in $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $u=0$ on $\partial\Omega$, where $d \ge 1$, the domain $\Ome.
Bad news travel fast: a content-based analysis of interestingness on Twitter

On the microblogging site Twitter, users can forward any message they receive to all of their followers. This is called a retweet and is usually done when users find a message particularly interesting and worth sharing with others. Thus, retweets reflect what the Twitter community considers interesting on a global scale, and can be used as a function of interestingness to generate a model to describe the content-based characteristics of retweets. In this paper, we analyze a set of high- and low-level content-based features on several large collections of Twitter messages. We train a prediction model to forecast for a given tweet its likelihood of being retweeted based on its contents. From the parameters learned by the model we deduce what are the influential content features that contribute to the likelihood of a retweet. As a result we obtain insights into what makes a message on Twitter worth retweeting and, thus, interesting.
Outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of high‐risk urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT‐UC)

Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT‐UC) was a rare, aggressive urologic cancer with a propensity for multifocality, local recurrence, and metastasis. High‐risk patients had poor outcomes. Because of the rarity of these tumors, randomized clinical trials and data regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors are currently unavailable. Our objective was to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and the impact of potential prognostic factors on survival in high‐risk, postsurgical UUT‐UC patients.