Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply chain partnership within housing renovation: Approaches and expectations in the Dutch housing association sector

Supply chain partnerships within housing refurbishment have not been given much specific attention which may be found surprising because the refurbishment market is becoming of increasing importance compared to new construction and has specific characteristics that require adapted approaches to supply chain integration. In this paper approaches, expected benefits and challenges of supply chain partnerships within housing renovation are explored. From general literature on building process innovation, dimensions of supply chain integration and potential advantages and challenges of have been derived and employed in a preliminary inquiry among Dutch housing associations and their partners that are experimenting with supply chain partnering in housing refurbishment projects. The results indicate that approaches are in a relatively early stage of development towards ‘mature’ supply chain partnerships. Furthermore, many of the general expectations also apply to the Dutch housing refurbishment sector, but at a more detailed level, refurbishment may require specific attention for the division of tasks and risks between the partners, particularly regarding communication with tenants
The relationship between media use and public opinion on immigrants and refugees: A Belgian perspective

Abstract Belgium, and Europe in general, has seen a strong increase in the number of refugees arriving over the past three years. At the same time we also note an increasing polarization of Belgian public opinion on this subject. Among the main actors to shape this public opinion are news media, as they contribute to or combat stereotyping of (sub)groups in the population. The purpose of the current study is to analyze to which extent media consumption and trust have an impact on public opinion on two minority groups – immigrants and refugees – in a representative sample of the Belgian adult population (n = 1500). We gathered data on Belgian news media consumption and trust, and attitudes on immigrants and refugees through an online questionnaire. The results indicate that Belgian adults hold more positive attitudes on immigrants than on refugees. The reading of quality online newspapers as well as high levels of trust in television and radio are correlated with a positive attitude towards both groups, whereas the consumption of commercial television and popular newspapers go along with a negative attitude. Fear of terrorism (negative relation) and a negative evaluation of media coverage of refugees (positive relation) also have a sizeable influence. In terms of regional differences within Belgium, we find that citizens in the Brussels Capital Region hold more positive attitudes towards both groups than those in Flanders and Wallonia.
The Measles Virus Expression Correlates with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Other Malignancies. A Short Commentary

We have suggested, several years ago, an association between the measles virus and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. However, this relationship was not accepted by the isolated research groups which dealt with the issue. In this short commentary, we recall the traits of the virus which were suggestive of a familiarity with Hodgkin lymphoma. We mention, in addition, older articles which highlight these similarities. As the impact of apoptosis in Hodgkin lymphoma is controversial, a chapter is saved for it. Atypical measles syndrome has long been forgotten. It is mentioned in the present context. The consensus agrees that immunity waning is not a significant factor regarding the measles virus. Is it indeed?
D ec 2 00 8 Saturation and Confinement : Analyticity , Unitarity and AdS / CFT Correspondence

In 1/Nc expansion, analyticity and crossing lead to crossing even and odd (C = ±1) vacuum exchanges at high-energy, the Pomeron and the Odderon. We discuss how, using String/Gauge duality, these can be identified with a reggeized Graviton and the anti-symmetric Kalb-Ramond fields in AdS background. With confinement, these Regge singularities interpolate with glueball states. We also discuss unitarization based on eikonal sum in AdS. 1 Forward Scattering, Gauge/String Duality and Confinement The subject of near-forward high energy scattering for hadrons has a long history, predating both QCD and string theory. We focus here on the recent developments in this subject based on Maldacena’s weak/strong duality, relating Yang-Mills theories to string theories in (deformed) Anti-de Sitter space [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. For conformally invariant gauge theories, the metric of the dual string theory is a product, AdS5×W , ds = ( r2 R2 ) ημνdx dx + ( R2 r2 ) dr +dsW , where 0 < r < ∞. For the dual to N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory the AdS radius R is R ≡ √ λα = (g YMN) α , Physics Department, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 Physics Department, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 Physics Department, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. Talk presented at ISMD 2008, 15-20 Sept. 2008.
Implications of the HST/FGS parallax of SS Cygni on the disc instability model

We analyse the consequences of the recently measured parallax of SS Cygni (Harrison et al. 1999) on the accretion disc limit cycle model. Using the observed long term light curve of SS Cyg and d = 166 ′ 12 pc, we obtain for the mean mass transfer rate M t r = 4.2′1.7 x 10 1 7 g s - 1 In addition, we calculate the vertical structure of the accretion disc taking into account heating of the outer disc by the stream impact. Comparing the mean accretion rate derived from the observations with the calculated critical mass transfer rate, we find that the disc instability model disagrees with the observed long term light curve of SS Cyg as M t r is greater or similar to the critical mass transfer rate. The failure of the model indicated by this result can be confirmed by considering that the accretion rate at the onset of the decline should be exactly equal to the value critical for stability. In contrast to this prediction of the model, we find that the accretion rate required to explain the observed visual magnitude at the onset of the decline must be significantly higher than the critical mass transfer rate. Our results strongly suggest that either the usually assumed temperature dependence of the viscosity parameter a is not a realistic description of the disc viscosity, that the mass transfer rate in SS Cyg noticeably increases during the outbursts or, finally, that the HST distance of 166 ′ 12 pc, is too high.
Racial Animosity, Adversary Effect, and Hate Crime: Parsing Out Injuries in Intraracial, Interracial, and Race-Based Offenses

Although most crime in intraracial, studies suggest that interracial victimization is more injurious. This may be especially true for racially motivated offenses; however, studies of hate crime have not disaggregated which racial dyads are associated with injury, and whether they are more injurious than interracial victimizations generally. Likewise, studies of interracial violence often assume a theoretical framework grounded in racial animosity, but cannot test motivation directly. Using the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), this study compares injuries across intraracial, interracial, and bias-motivated offenses. We find differences across racial dyad and the presence of racial animosity, however, the results are largely driven by the race of the offender. Implications for racial animosity theory, adversary effect, and hate crime literatures are discussed.
Surface and Subsurface Transport of Nitrate Loss from the Selected Bioenergy Crop Fields: Systematic Review, Analysis and Future Directions

Nitrate loss from bioenergy crop fields has attracted considerable attention during the last few years because of its potential negative impact on aquatic and human health. Both controllable and uncontrollable factors for nitrate loss have been the subject of several previous studies. Due to differences in climate, biophysical dissimilarities and land management characteristics in different parts of the world the factors affecting nitrate loss are often inconsistent and hence difficult to generalize. Therefore, reanalyzing the experimental field or plot scale studies to understand the nitrate loss factors in crop fields is useful and necessary in developing management strategies for reducing nitrate loss. This research synthesized and investigated 36 peer reviewed scientific journal articles related to selected bioenergy crop fields that included: continuous corn, corn in rotation with soybean, switchgrass and Miscanthus to conduct a meta-analysis of the available research. In this study, factors such as drain tile spacing, tillage practices, type and timing of the fertilization rate, irrigation and various other factors, which are challenging to represent in regression equations, were also systematically analyzed. In addition, various other agronomic characteristics that are attributed too nitrate loss are caused by perennially planted bio energized crops such as Miscanthus and switchgrass. Results indicated that 49% of nitrate loss through surface runoff from corn fields is directly related to the annual precipitation and fertilization rate. Multiple linear regression equations were developed to estimate the annual subsurface nitrate loss for the continuous corn fields with a R2 value of 0.65, 0.58 and 0.26 for sandy loam, silty loam and clay loam, respectively. Our analysis resulted in the conclusion that corn has a 2 to 3 times higher nitrate loss in surface runoff compared to switchgrass. Likewise, continuous corn and corn in rotation with soybean contributed more than 9 times the subsurface loss of nitrate compared to the established subsurface loss attributed to the Miscanthus and switchgrass.
Virological Failure and HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations among Naive and Antiretroviral Pre-Treated Patients Entering the ESTHER Program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia

Introduction In resource limited settings, patients entering an antiretroviral therapy (ART) program comprise ART naive and ART pre-treated patients who may show differential virological outcomes. Methods This retrospective study, conducted in 2010–2012 in the HIV clinic of Calmette Hospital located in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) assessed virological failure (VF) rates and patterns of drug resistance of naive and pre-treated patients. Naive and ART pre-treated patients were included when a Viral Load (VL) was performed during the first year of ART for naive subjects or at the first consultation for pre-treated individuals. Patients showing Virological failure (VF) (>1,000 copies/ml) underwent HIV DR genotyping testing. Interpretation of drug resistance mutations was done according to 2013 version 23 ANRS algorithms. Results On a total of 209 patients, 164 (78.4%) were naive and 45 (21.5%) were ART pre-treated. Their median initial CD4 counts were 74 cells/mm3 (IQR: 30–194) and 279 cells/mm3 (IQR: 103–455) (p<0.001), respectively. Twenty seven patients (12.9%) exhibited VF (95% CI: 8.6–18.2%), including 10 naive (10/164, 6.0%) and 17 pre-treated (17/45, 37.8%) patients (p<0.001). Among these viremic patients, twenty-two (81.4%) were sequenced in reverse transcriptase and protease coding regions. Overall, 19 (86.3%) harbored ≥1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) whereas 3 (all belonging to pre-treated patients) harbored wild-types viruses. The most frequent DRMs were M184V (86.3%), K103N (45.5%) and thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) (40.9%). Two (13.3%) pre-treated patients harbored viruses that showed a multi-nucleos(t)ide resistance including Q151M, K65R, E33A/D, E44A/D mutations. Conclusion In Cambodia, VF rates were low for naive patients but the emergence of DRMs to NNRTI and 3TC occurred relatively quickly in this subgroup. In pre-treated patients, VF rates were much higher and TAMs were relatively common. HIV genotypic assays before ART initiation and for ART pre-treated patients infection should be considered as well.
Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies

In health the most frequent researches are done in the form of observational studies. In this type of scientific research the researchers did not interfere with the phenomena under study, only observed in a systematic and standardized manner, collecting and recording information, data or materials that spontaneously occur at a particular time of the health-disease process, or along its natural evolution, and then proceed with its description and/or analysis. In observational studies normally four types of study design are used: case series studies, cross-section studies, case-control studies and cohort studies. Thus, cross-sectional studies are very useful in descriptive studies when used in studies that are proposed to be analytical, the results must be interpreted by researchers with good experience in that specific field of knowledge, using a lot of caution and common sense.
ACE2 Deficiency Worsens Epicardial Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction in Response to Diet-Induced Obesity

Obesity is increasing in prevalence and is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has emerged as a key pathogenic mechanism for these disorders; angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) negatively regulates RAS by metabolizing Ang II into Ang 1-7. We studied the role of ACE2 in obesity-mediated cardiac dysfunction. ACE2 null (ACE2KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet and studied at 6 months of age. Loss of ACE2 resulted in decreased weight gain but increased glucose intolerance, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) inflammation, and polarization of macrophages into a proinflammatory phenotype in response to HFD. Similarly, human EAT in patients with obesity and heart failure displayed a proinflammatory macrophage phenotype. Exacerbated EAT inflammation in ACE2KO-HFD mice was associated with decreased myocardial adiponectin, decreased phosphorylation of AMPK, increased cardiac steatosis and lipotoxicity, and myocardial insulin resistance, which worsened heart function. Ang 1-7 (24 µg/kg/h) administered to ACE2KO-HFD mice resulted in ameliorated EAT inflammation and reduced cardiac steatosis and lipotoxicity, resulting in normalization of heart failure. In conclusion, ACE2 plays a novel role in heart disease associated with obesity wherein ACE2 negatively regulates obesity-induced EAT inflammation and cardiac insulin resistance.
Risk Management with Derivatives by Dealers and Market Quality in Government Bond Markets

This paper investigates how bond dealers manage core business risk with interest rate futures and the extent to which market quality is affected by their selective risk taking. We observe that dealers use futures to take directional bets and hedge changes in their spot exposure. We find that, cross-sectionally, a dealer with longer (shorter) risk exposure sells (buys) a larger amount of exposure the next day. However, this risk control takes place via the futures market and not the spot market. Finally, we find strong support for the price effects of capital constraints emphasized by Froot and Stein (1998) . Copyright (c) 2003 by the American Finance Association.
Bimodal Biometric System for Cryptographic Key Generation Using Wavelet Transforms

In this paper we present a bimodal biometric system for cryptographic key generation that works with speech and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using wavelet transforms. This work is based on the uniqueness and quasi-stationary behavior of ECG and speech signals with respect to an individual. The architecture of the proposed system considers three security factors, namely, user password, biometric samples, and a token. The stages that comprise the architecture are \textit{one time enrollment} and \textit{key derivation}. The system architecture is able to verify the identity of individuals off-line avoiding the use of a centralized database for storing the biometric information. The system also implements an error-correction layer using the Hadamard code. The performance of the system is assessed using ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database and speech signals from a speech database created for testing purposes. Simulation results report a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 1.27% and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 10.62% for the system. The random cryptographic key released by the system may be used in several encryption algorithms.
Cytocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties of Capping Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility of six different pulp-capping materials: Dycal (Dentsply), Calcicur (Voco), Calcimol LC (Voco), TheraCal LC (Bisco), MTA Angelus (Angelus), and Biodentine (Septodont). To evaluate antimicrobial activity, materials were challenged in vitro with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sanguis in the agar disc diffusion test. Cytocompatibility of the assayed materials towards rat MDPC-23 cells was evaluated at different times by both MTT and apoptosis assays. Results significantly differed among the different materials tested. Both bacterial growth inhibition halos and cytocompatibility performances were significantly different among materials with different composition. MTA-based products showed lower cytotoxicity and valuable antibacterial activity, different from calcium hydroxide-based materials, which exhibited not only higher antibacterial activity but also higher cytotoxicity.
An Incremental Three-pass System Combination Framework by Combining Multiple Hypothesis Alignment Methods

System combination has been applied successfully to various machine translation tasks in recent years. As is known, the hypothesis alignment method is a critical factor for the translation quality of system combination. To date, many effective hypothesis alignment metrics have been proposed and applied to the system combination, such as TER, HMM, ITER, IHMM, and SSCI. In addition, Minimum Bayes-risk (MBR) decoding and confusion networks (CN) have become state-of-the-art techniques in system combination. In this paper, we examine different hypothesis alignment approaches and investigate how much the hypothesis alignment results impact on system combination, and finally present a three-pass system combination strategy that can combine hypothesis alignment results derived from multiple alignment metrics to generate a better translation. Firstly, these different alignment metrics are carried out to align the backbone and hypotheses, and the individual CNs are built corresponding to each set of alignment results; then we construct a ‘super network’ by merging the multiple metric-based CNs to generate a consensus output. Finally a modified MBR network approach is employed to find the best overall translation. Our proposed strategy outperforms the best single confusion network as well as the best single system in our experiments on the NIST Chinese-to-English test set and the WMT2009 English-to-French system combination shared test set.
Slow sodium inactivation in nerve after exposure to sulhydryl blocking reagents

Exposure to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a reagent that binds covalently to protein sulfhydryl groups, results in a specific reduction in sodium conductance in crayfish axons. Resting potential, the delayed rise in potassium conductance, and the selectivity of the sodium channel are unaffected. Sodium currents are only slightly increased by hyperpolarizing prepulses of up to 50 ms duration, but can be restored to about 70% of their value before treatment if this duration is increased to 300-800 ms. The time to peak sodium current and the time constant of decay of sodium tail currents are unaffected by NEM, suggesting that the sodium activation system remains unaltered. Kinetic studies suggest that NEM reacts with a "slow" sodium inactivation system that is present in normal axons and that may be seen after depolarization produced by lowered the holding potential or increasing the external potassium concentration. NEM also perturbs the fast h inactivation system, and in a potential-dependent manner. At small depolarizations tauh is decreased, while at strong depolarizations it is increased over control values. Experiments with structural analogs of NEM suggest that sulfhydryl block is involved, but do not rule out an action similar to that of local anesthetics, p- Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (PCMBS), another reagent with high specificity for SH groups, also blocks sodium currents, but restoration with prolonged hyperpolarizations is not possible.
Optimal Quantum Feedback Control via Quantum Dynamic Programming

We describe the quantum filtering dynamics for a diffusive non-demolition measurement on an open quantum system. This is then used to determine appropriate feedback controls for the system and the quantum Bellman equation for optimal quantum feedback control is derived. These equations are demonstrated on the fully solvable model of the multi-dimensional controllable quantum particle in a quadratic potential with a noisy environment. We observe a duality between the solutions of quantum filtering and optimal quantum control for this example and note many similarities to the corresponding classical problem.
The Interpersonal Life Diagram (ILD) as an approach to therapy

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
KINEMATICS AND KINETICS OF SWING LEG IN CURVED SPRINT RUNNING

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate kinematics and kinetics of left and right swing legs in curved sprint running. Nine male sprinters and decathletes participated in this study. Participants run 60 m on a curved path and their motion was recorded by a motion capture system. The joint angle, angular velocity, moment and power of both swing legs were calculated. For the statistical test, a statistical parametric mapping was used. There were no kinematic and kinetic differences in the hip joint. However, asymmetries were found in the knee joint. Runners may just move swing legs same as for straight running/sprinting.
Estimation of breed and heterosis effects for milk traits and somatic cell scores in cows milked once and twice daily in New Zealand

Crossbreeding is widely used by famers milking twice-a-day (TAD) to increase farm profitability. Effects of crossbreeding on farm productivity and profitability have not been investigated in farms practicing once-a-day (OAD) milking. The aim of the study was to estimate breed and heterosis effects for lactation length (LL), total yields of milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) and average somatic cell score (SCS) in cows milked OAD or TAD. Records from 36,276 Friesian (F), 31,560 Jersey (J) and 90,081 crossbred (F×J) cows that calved in spring between 2008 and 2012 were used. Compared to J cows, F cows had a higher MY (657 kg in OAD and 1034 kg in TAD), FY (2.9 kg in OAD and 7.8 kg in TAD), PY (13.6 kg in OAD and 22.4 kg in TAD) and SCS (0.28 in OAD and 0.05 TAD). Lactation length in OAD cows was five days shorter than in TAD cows (P<0.05). These results show a significant interaction between breed and milking frequency for production traits (P<0.001). Expressed as a percentage of the average of parental breeds, first-cross heterosis effects ranged between 4.92 to 6.84% for production traits, and were similar across milking frequencies. The estimates of breed and heterosis obtained in this study can be used for simulation studies to evaluate the profitability of crossbreeding systems under OAD and TAD milking systems of typical New Zealand dairy farms.