Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Wall Closure after Intestinal Transplantation

Successful surgical closure of the abdominal wall after either combined or isolated intestinal transplantation may present a challenging dilemma for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon because of the following factors: restricted volume of the recipient abdominal cavity; donor-recipient size discrepancies as expressed by the donor to recipient weight ratio; and significant intraoperative edema. The purpose of this investigation is to present clinical experience with 51 consecutive patients who underwent a total of 57 sequential intestinal transplantations at the University of Miami-Jackson Memorial Hospital. A retrospective chart review of 36 pediatric (63 percent) and 21 adult (37 percent) transplantations was performed. Age of the pediatric population ranged from 1 month to 13 years (mean, 2.4 years) and of the adult population from 22 to 55 years (mean, 33.5 years). Several diagnostic classifications necessitated organ transplantation. Because of insufficient donor graft size for the recipient abdominal cavity in 19 transplantations (33 percent), several technical modifications were used to achieve anatomic and functional abdominal wall closure in all patients. In summary, the plastic and reconstructive surgeon should have a significant role in the comprehensive planning and management of abdominal wall closure in this challenging group of patients.
Pragmatic approach to decision making under uncertainty: The case of the disjunction effect

The disjunction effect (Tversky & Shafir, 1992) occurs when decision makers prefer option x (versus y) when knowing that event A occurs and also when knowing that event A does not occur, but they refuse x (or prefer y) when not knowing whether or not A occurs. This form of incoherence violates Savage's (1954) sure-thing principle, one of the basic axioms of the rational theory of decision making. The phenomenon was attributed to a lack of clear reasons for accepting an option (x) when subjects are under uncertainty. Through a pragmatic analysis of the task and a consequent reformulation of it, we show that the effect does not depend on the presence of uncertainty, but on the introduction of non-relevant goals into the text problem, in both the well-known Gamble problem and the Hawaii problem.
An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis

The majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Anecdotal reports suggest that cannabis may alleviate LUTS, and cannabinoid receptors in the bladder and nervous system are potential pharmacological targets. In an open trial we evaluated the safety, tolerability, dose range, and efficacy of two whole-plant extracts of Cannabis sativa in patients with advanced MS and refractory LUTS. Patients took extracts containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD; 2.5 mg of each per spray) for eight weeks followed by THC-only (2.5 mg THC per spray) for a further eight weeks, and then into a long-term extension. Assessments included urinary frequency and volume charts, incontinence pad weights, cystometry and visual analogue scales for secondary troublesome symptoms. Twenty-one patients were recruited and data from 15 were evaluated. Urinary urgency, the number and volume of incontinence episodes, frequency and nocturia all decreased significantly following treatment (PB/0.05, Wilcoxon’s signed rank test). However, daily total voided, catheterized and urinary incontinence pad weights also decreased significantly on both extracts. Patient self-assessment of pain, spasticity and quality of sleep improved significantly (PB/0.05, Wilcoxon’s signed rank test) with pain improvement continuing up to median of 35 weeks. There were few troublesome side effects, suggesting that cannabis-based medicinal extracts are a safe and effective treatment for urinary and other problems in patients with advanced MS.
Complications of vaginal mesh surgery

Purpose of review Mesh used for slings and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair has resulted in increased efficacy. Yet, the benefits of a more durable repair must be weighed against such risks as vaginal mesh extrusion and erosion and increased dyspareunia, and pelvic pain. We review the current literature on complications seen with the use of vaginal mesh for both stress urinary incontinence and POP. Recent findings The use of mesh in midurethral slings results in similar efficacy but less morbidity compared with nonmesh sling techniques. The use of mesh in abdominal sacrocolpopexy may result in lower rates of mesh complications compared with transvaginal mesh prolapse repairs. In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration issued an updated safety communication stating that serious complications associated with transvaginal mesh for POP repair are not rare. Yet, certain patients do benefit from the use of transvaginal mesh for POP repair. Summary Better-controlled data are needed to answer questions regarding outcomes, complications, and quality of life after transvaginal mesh prolapse procedures. The surgeon and the patient must have a proper informed consent discussion about the risks, benefits, alternatives, and indications for the use of mesh.
Age Bias in Prediction of Graduate Grade Point Average from Graduate Record Examination Scores

A critical issue in the use of tests for selection purposes is that test scores predict subsequent performance similarly for all groups of students. This study was intended to investigate the extent of age bias in the prediction of graduate performance from GRE scores. The records of 1,138 graduate students in education were evaluated. GRE scores were found to overpredict the graduate performance of younger students and underpredict the grades earned by older students.
The Effects of Alcohol on Crime-related Memories: A Field Study

This field study investigated to what extent memory of criminally relevant details is affected at (close to) zero (MBAC = 0.00%), moderate (MBAC = 0.06%), and high (MBAC = 0.16%) levels of alcohol intoxication. Participants (N = 76) were approached in bars and were invited to watch a mock crime from a perpetrator perspective. We also measured their blood alcohol concentration levels. After 3-5 days, when participants were sober, they underwent a free and cued recall task about the mock crime. Compared with sober controls, both moderately and highly intoxicated individuals were less complete when recollecting crime details, recalling up to 33% fewer correct details. Overall, intoxicated participants were less accurate during the cued recall task (i.e. they produced more errors) relative to sober participants. These accuracy effects were dose-dependent for cued recall of salient features. Implications for police interrogations of defendants are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
The Achromatic Object-Colour Manifold is Three-Dimensional

When in shadow, the achromatic object colours appear different from when they are in light. This immediate observation was quantitatively confirmed by Logvinenko and Maloney (2006, Perception & Psychophysics, 68, 76–83) who, using multidimensional scaling (MDS), showed the two-dimensionality of achromatic object colours. As their experiments included only cast shadows, a question arises: is this also the case for attached shadows? Recently, Madigan and Brainard (2014) argued in favour of the negative answer. However, they also failed to confirm the two-dimensionality for cast shadows. To resolve this issue, an experiment was conducted in which observers rated the dissimilarity between achromatic Munsell chips presented in light and in shadows of both types. Specifically, the chips were presented in four conditions: in front in light; at slant in light; in front in shadow; and at slant in shadow. MDS analysis of the obtained dissimilarities confirmed the two-dimensionality of achromatic colours for both types of shadow. Furthermore, the dimension induced by the cast shadow (shadowedness) was found to be different from that induced by the attached shadow (shading). In the three-dimensional MDS output configuration these were represented by clearly different dimensions. This quantitatively supports a fact, well-known to artists, that attached and cast shadows are experienced as different phenomenological entities. It is argued that a shading gradient is perceptually experienced as shape (ie spatial relief).
The Role of Gibberellins in the Regulation of Arabidopsis Flowering Time

The transition to flowering in the facultative long-day plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been thoroughly studied and today it is well understood how flowering in response to changes in photoperiod and cold is integrated at the molecular level. However it is less known how flowering is initiated in response to internal factors in the absence of environmental stimuli. Previously it have been shown that flowering under non inductive short-day conditions is dependent on the plant hormone gibberellin (GA). In an effort to improve the understanding on how GA promotes flowering we have analysed, which of the many GA’s that are florally active, and quantified the developmental changes of florally active GA’s in relation to floral initiation under short-day conditions. We found that GA4 had the highest floral activity and that presiding floral initiation there was a dramatic increase at the shoot apex in the content of GA4. Intriguingly we found that the expression of the rate limiting GA 20-oxidase remained stable at the time when GA started to increase, indicating that increased accumulation of GA in not caused by local production. With the help of knockout lines we show that removal of either GA20ox1 or GA20ox2 delayed flowering and hence that both genes is participating in the production of GA relevant for the transition to flowering. Analysis of the flowering behaviour of GA2ox mutants revealed that some ga2ox mutants flowered earlier. Reporter gene analysis showed that expression of the GA2ox gene which had highest impact on flowering time was localised to the shoot apex, indicating that the function of the GA 2-oxidase is to control accumulation of GA’s in the shoot apex. Analysis of the effect of late flowering mutations on flowering time in plants with increased GA signal transduction showed that the LD pathway functions mostly in parallel to GA’s and that late flowering in autonomous mutants is partially due to decreased GA signal transduction or decreased GA synthetic capacity.
Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs and Pupil Control Ideology: The Custodializing Practicum.

Purpose – The puposes of this study is to examine the impact of primarily bureaucratic socialization; and demographic, experiential, and philosophical orientations (beliefs about key educational concepts) variables on teacher candidates' pupil control ideology (PCI) during a pre‐service teacher education program. The relationship between philosophical orientations and changes to PCI is of particular interest.Design/methodology/approach – Data collected at the beginning and end of their teacher education program from 474 teacher candidates were analysed using multivariate analyses.Findings – Practicum socialization experiences were more closely associated with participants' PCI at the end of the teacher education program than any of the demographic, experiential, or philosophical orientation variables.Research limitations/implications – An examination of interaction effects among the variables revealed a limited number of situations where the interaction of particular beliefs, demographic, and experience v.
The Assessment of the Social Climates of Correctional Institutions

This article describes the development of a Social Climate Scale, which differentiates between the social climates of correc tional institutions. An initial form of the scale was given to resi dents and staff in sixteen correctional units, including educational and vocational training schools, juvenile halls, and boys' camps. The second form of the scale consists of items which significantly differentiated between units for residents and for staff. This form includes twelve subscales—e.g., spontaneity, support, affiliation, aggression, variety, and autonomy—each of which measures the emphasis on one dimension of institutional climate. Profiles that compare the average resident perceptions of different units were constructed. The importance of developing measures of psycho logical environments and implications relating to the individual- environment fit are discussed.
Evaluation of Experimenter-Supplied and Subject-Originated First-Letter Mnemonics in a Free-Recall Task

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether supplying Ss with a mnemonic device produced a differential retention effect as opposed to letting Ss originate their own device when using a first-letter mnemonic technique in a free-recall situation. No difference in the recall of a list of 19 nouns existed at the immediate retention test, but Ss with an E-supplied scheme showed significantly better recall than those with S-originated schemes at 1-day, 1-wk. , and 4-wk. retention intervals. It was concluded that the E-supplied first-letter mnemonic excelled S-originated ones as an effective aid to free recall.
Biclustering

Data-driven market segmentation is a popular and widely used segmentation method in tourism. It aims to identify market segments among tourists who are similar to each other, thus allowing a targeted marketing mix to be developed. Typically data used to segment tourists are characterized by small numbers of respondents and large numbers of survey questions. Small samples and numerous questions cause serious methodological problems that have typically been addressed by using factor-cluster analysis to reduce the dimensionality of data. Recently, factor-cluster analysis has been shown as an unacceptable solution to the problem of high data dimensionality in segmentation. In this article, the authors introduce biclustering, a novel approach to address the problem of high dimensionality in tourism segmentation studies. We discuss the circumstances in which biclustering should be used rather than parametric or nonparametric grouping techniques. An illustrative example of how biclustering is computed is also provided.
BKCa channels are not activated in vivo under resting conditions and during agonist stimulation

Magnusson L, Sorensen CM, Braunstein TH, Holstein-Rathlou N-H, Salomonsson M. Renovascular BKCa channels are not activated in vivo under resting conditions and during agonist stimulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292: R345–R353, 2007. First published September 14, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00337. 2006. —We investigated the role of large-conductance Ca -activated K (BKCa) channels for the basal renal vascular tone in vivo. Furthermore, the possible buffering by BKCa of the vasoconstriction elicited by angiotensin II (ANG II) or norepinephrine (NE) was investigated. The possible activation of renal vascular BKCa channels by cAMP was investigated by infusing forskolin. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured in vivo using electromagnetic flowmetry or ultrasonic Doppler. Renal preinfusion of tetraethylammonium (TEA; 3.0 mol/ min) caused a small reduction of baseline RBF, but iberiotoxin (IBT; 0.3 nmol/min) did not have any effect. Renal injection of ANG II (1–4 ng) or NE (10–40 ng) produced a transient decrease in RBF. These responses were not affected by preinfusion of TEA or IBT. Renal infusion of the BKCa opener NS-1619 (90.0 nmol/min) did not affect basal RBF or the response to NE, but it attenuated the response to ANG II. Coadministration of NS-1619 with TEA or IBT abolished this effect. Forskolin caused renal vasodilation that was not inhibited by IBT. The presence of BKCa channels in the preglomerular vessels was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Despite their presence, there is no indication for a major role for BKCa channels in the control of basal renal tone in vivo. Furthermore, BKCa channels do not have a buffering effect on the rat renal vascular responses to ANG II and NE. The fact that NS-1619 attenuates the ANG II response indicates that the renal vascular BKCa channels can be activated under certain conditions.
The discontinuous conduction mode Sepic and Cuk power factor preregulators: analysis and design

Sepic and Cuk power converters working as power factor preregulators (PFP) in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) present the following desirable characteristics for a PFP: (1) the power converter works as a voltage follower (no current loop is needed); (2) the theoretical power factor is unity; and (3) the input current ripple is defined at the design stage. Besides, input-output galvanic isolation is easily obtained. This paper analyzes the operation of both power converters as DCM-PFP. Design equations are derived, as well as a small-signal model to aid the control loop design. Both simulation and experimental results are presented that are in agreement with the theoretical analysis and complement the work.
A Cross-Cultural Study of the Affective Meanings of Color

Color data from the Osgood et al. 23-culture semantic differential study of affective meanings reveal cross-cultural similarities in feelings about colors. The concept RED is affectively quite salient. BLACK and GREY are bad, and WHITE, BLUE, and GREEN are good. YELLOW, WHITE, and GREY are weak; RED and BLACK are strong. BLACK and GREY are passive; RED is active. The color component Brightness, as determined by comparing data on WHITE, GREY, and BLACK, is strongly associated with positive Evaluation, but also with negative Potency. Eighty-nine previous studies of color and affect were analyzed. They generally support these findings, and, together with the fact that there are very few exceptions in our data or the literature, lead one to believe that there are strong universal trends in the attribution of affect in the color domain.
A social work study on relationship between transactional and laissez-fair leadership style and personality traits: A case study of educational system

Article history: Received October 14, 2012 Received in revised format 5 February 2012 Accepted 7 February 2013 Available online February 7 2013 Leadership style plays an essential role on personality trait in educational systems. In this paper, we present a study among 180 school principals in city of Khomeinishahr, located in province of Esfahan, Iran. The study selects a sample of 123 principals and examines ten hypotheses including the effects of personality trait neuroticism, extroversion, resilience, participative, conscientiousness on leadership style. The study examined the effects of two groups of leadership, namely transactional leadership and Laissez-fair leadership styles on five personality traits. The results have shown that there were some meaningful relationship between transactional leadership and personality trait extraversion, resilience, participative and consciousness but there was not meaningful relationship between transactional leadership and personality trait neuroticism. In addition, while there were meaningful and positive relationship between Laissez-fair leadership style and personality trait extraversion as well as being resilience, our survey did not find any meaningful relationship between Laissez-fair leadership style and personality trait neuroticism, extraversion and being consciousness. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Creating an in-school pastoral system for student teachers in school-based initial teacher education

Recent developments in initial teacher education (ITE) have produced a number of school-centred models. These mean that student teachers may now spend more of their time in schools than has historically been the case. In some of these models, student teachers are more clearly part of the school as an institution than might be the case in more university-led models. This change of ‘home’ location for student teachers means that schools may have an increased responsibility for their pastoral needs. This paper reviews existing academic literature on student teacher stress, anxiety, emotions and identity in relation to ITE school placements to consider what recommendations have been made about how these pastoral needs should be responded to and who should make that response. It finds that recommendations mostly relate to universities developing student teachers’ skills and emotional and personal resilience before they begin school placements. Where in-school responsibilities are considered, this either stops at the level of individual mentors or there is no detailed consideration of how schools as institutions should organise their response. The paper then considers the small body of existing literature on how schools should meet the pastoral needs of teachers to suggest principles for planning a pastoral care system for student teachers in school-based ITE.
Achilles Tendon Length and Medial Gastrocnemius Architecture in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Equinus Gait

Background The aim of this study was to examine both the tendon and muscle components of the medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and equinus gait, with or without contracture. We also examined a small number of children who had undergone prior surgical lengthening of the triceps surae to address equinus contracture. Methods Ultrasound was used to measure Achilles tendon length and muscle-tendon architectural parameters in children of ages 5 to 12 years. Muscle and tendon parameters were compared among 4 groups: Control group (N=40 limbs from 21 typically developing children), Static Equinus group (N=23 limbs from 15 children with CP and equinus contracture), Dynamic Equinus group (N=12 limbs from 7 children with CP and equinus gait without contracture), and Prior Surgery group (N=10 limbs from 6 children with CP who had prior gastrocnemius recession or tendo-achilles lengthening). The groups were compared using analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests. Results The CP groups had longer Achilles tendons and shorter muscle bellies than the Control group (P<0.001). Normalized tendon length was also longer in the Prior Surgery group compared with the Static Equinus group (P<0.001). The Prior Surgery group had larger pennation angles than the CP groups (P≤0.009) and tended to have shorter muscle fascicle lengths (P≤0.005 compared with Control and Static Equinus, P=0.08 compared with Dynamic Equinus). Similar results were observed for pennation angles and normalized muscle fascicle lengths throughout the range of motion. Conclusions Children with spastic CP and equinus gait have longer-than-normal Achilles tendons and shorter-than-normal muscle bellies. These characteristics are observed even in children with dynamic equinus, before contracture has developed. Surgery further lengthens the tendon, restoring dorsiflexion but not normal muscle-tendon architecture. These architectural features likely affect function, possibly contributing to functional deficits such as plantarflexor weakness after surgery. Level of Evidence Level II, prospective comparative study.
Experimental effects and person effects in delay of gratification.

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