Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sunlight Radiation on the Growth and Chemical Constituents of Salvia plebeia R.Br.

This study investigated the chemical composition changes of Salvia plebeia R.Br. cultivated under different light sources, including florescent light and sunlight. The plants were exposed to fluorescent light for four months and sunlight and then examined for the next 5–7 months. Plants were harvested monthly during the seven months, and we examined whether the difference in light source affected the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. A simple and reliable HPLC method using a PAH C18 column was applied for the quantitative analysis of two triterpenoids from the S. plebeia groups. Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9999) within the test ranges (0.005–0.05 mg/mL), and the average percentage recoveries of the OA and UA were 95.1–104.8% and 97.2–107.1%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 2.0%. After exposure to sunlight, the phenolic contents, including rosmarinic acid, showed a reduced tendency, whereas the flavonoid contents, including homoplantaginin and luteolin 7-glucoside, were increased. The content of the triterpenoids also showed an increased tendency under sunlight irradiation, but the variance was not larger than those of the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among experimental groups, the group harvested at six months, having been exposed to sunlight for two months, showed the most potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, these results showed that the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of S. plebeia R.Br. was affected from environmental culture conditions, such as light source. Our studies will be useful for the development of functional materials using S. plebeia R.Br.
Cordblood-Based High-Throughput Screening for Deafness Gene of 646 Newborns in Jinan Area of China

Objectives Infants with slight/mild or late-onset hearing impairment might be missed in universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). We identified the mutation hot spot of common deaf gene in the newborns in Jinan area population by screening the mutation spot with neonate cord blood, in order to make clear whether the neonate cord blood for screening is feasible. Methods Six hundred and forty-six newborns were subjected to both UNHS and genetic screening for deafness by using neonate cord blood. The newborn genetic screening targeted four deafness-associated genes, which were commonly found in the Chinese population including gap junction beta-2 protein (GJB2), gap junction beta-3 protein (GJB3), solute carrier family 26 member 4 (SLC26A4), and mtDNA 12S rRNA. The most common 20 spot mutations in 4 deaf genes were detected by MassARRAY iPLEX platform and mitochondrial 12S rRNA A1555G and C1494T mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Results Among the 646 newborns, 635 cases passed the UNHS and the other 11 cases (1.7%) did not. Of the 11 failures, two cases were found to carry homozygous GJB2 p.R143W pathogenic mutation, one case was found to have heterozygous GJB2 235delC mutation, and another one case carried heterozygous GJB3 p.R180X pathogenic mutation. Six hundred and thirty-five babies passed the newborn hearing screening, in which 25 babies were identified to carry pathogenic mutations, including 12 heterozygotes (1.9%) for GJB2 235delC, eight heterozygotes (1.3%) for SLC26A4 IVS7-2A>G, one heterozygote (0.2%) for p.R409H, two homozygotes (0.3%) for m.1494C>T, and two homozygotes (0.3%) for m.1555A>G. Conclusion Newborn genetic screening through the umbilical cord blood for common deafness-associated mutations may identify carriers sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotic, and can effectively prevent or delay hearing loss occurs.
Inhibition of cocaine-induced sensitization by the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole.

The influence of the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole upon sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine was assessed. Activity in response to a challenge dose of cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was significantly increased in rats which had received cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 3 days as compared to those which had previously received saline. The repeated administration of naltrindole (0.3-3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) alone did not affect activity. However, in animals which had received both naltrindole and cocaine for 3 days, no sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine was observed. These data demonstrate that the selective blockade of delta-opioid receptors modifies the development of cocaine-induced sensitization and suggest an important role of delta-opioid receptor systems in modulating the development of drug-induced sensitization.
Intraocular Pressure Changes during Laparoscopic Surgery in Trendelenburg Position in Patients Anesthetized with Propofol-based Total Intravenous Anesthesia Compared to Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Comparative Study

Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is increased during laparoscopic surgery with Trendelenburg position and may contribute to deleterious effects on optic nerve in susceptible patients. Aims: The primary objective of this study is to compare the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with those of sevoflurane anesthesia on IOP in patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgery in Trendelenburg position. Secondary objectives are to compare hemodynamic changes, mean arterial pressure (MAP), end-tidal CO2, and peak inspiratory pressure changes. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists classes I and II were randomly allocated in two groups: Group A (propofol) and Group B (sevoflurane). IOP along with other parameters was measured at seven points including baseline (T0), 5 min after induction (T1), 5 min after CO2pneumoperitoneum in supine position (T2), 30 min after CO2pneumoperitoneum with Trendelenburg position (T3), 5 min after returning to supine position (T4), 5 min after CO2desufflation (T5), and 5 min after extubation (T6). Results: The change in IOP was different between the two groups. Maximum rise in IOP was seen at T3, and mean ± standard deviation IOP was 15.5 ± 0.9 mmHg and 19.8 ± 1.2 mmHg in Group A and Group B, respectively (P < 0.01). In Group A (propofol), IOP remained almost equal to the baseline value at T3 and the IOP difference was 0.3 ± 0.9 mmHg less than baseline (statistically insignificant, P > 0.05), while in Group B (sevoflurane), IOP increased significantly at T3 and the difference was 4.0 ± 1.2 mmHg (P < 0.001). The IOP was significantly greater (P < 0.01) from T2 to T6 in sevoflurane group than propofol group. Conclusion: Propofol-based TIVA is more effective than inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane in attenuating the increase in IOP during laparoscopic surgery requiring CO2pneumoperitoneum with Trendelenburg position.
Manually recycled coarse aggregate from concrete waste a sustainable substitute for customary coarse aggregate

Using manually recycled coarse aggregate obtained from waste concrete to manufacture fresh concrete is a highly sustainable option for the developing countries in order to beneficially dispose off old concrete structures, preserve the depleting stock of natural resources, utilize cheap unemployed labour and reduce the carbon footprints of new constructions. The test results from the limited laboratory experiments on recycled coarse aggregate of granite origin suggest that the quality of concrete made out of manually recycled coarse aggregate in terms of compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength is comparable to that of concrete made out of natural coarse aggregate of granite origin. Workability of manually recycled coarse aggregate concrete was found to be less but could be improved by using super plasticizers. The nominal reduction in strength and additional cost of manual recycling could be offset by savings in the cost of disposal of waste concrete and procurement of new aggregate and most importantly by reduction in the carbon footprints of new constructions which might be rewarding for building owners with expected changes in the state policy in future.
A deep neural network language model with contexts for source code

Statistical language models (LMs) have been applied in several software engineering applications. However, they have issues in dealing with ambiguities in the names of program and API elements (classes and method calls). In this paper, inspired by the success of Deep Neural Network (DNN) in natural language processing, we present Dnn4C, a DNN language model that complements the local context of lexical code elements with both syntactic and type contexts. We designed a context-incorporating method to use with syntactic and type annotations for source code in order to learn to distinguish the lexical tokens in different syntactic and type contexts. Our empirical evaluation on code completion for real-world projects shows that Dnn4C relatively improves 11.6%, 16.3%, 27.1%, and 44.7% top-1 accuracy over the state-of-the-art language models for source code used with the same features: RNN LM, DNN LM, SLAMC, and n-gram LM, respectively. For another application, we showed that Dnn4C helps improve accuracy over n-gram LM in migrating source code from Java to C# with a machine translation model.
De novo haplotype reconstruction in viral quasispecies using paired-end read guided path finding

Motivation RNA virus populations contain closely related but different viral strains infecting an individual host. As the selection acts on clouds of mutants rather than single sequences, these viruses have abilities to escape host immune responses or develop drug resistance. Reconstruction of the viral haplotypes is a fundamental step to characterize the virus population, predict their viral phenotypes, and finally provide important information for clinical treatment and prevention. Advances of the next-generation sequencing technologies open up new opportunities to assemble full-length haplotypes. However, error-prone short reads, high similarity between related strains, unknown number of haplotypes pose computational challenges for reference-free haplotype reconstruction. There is still big room to improve the performance of existing haplotype assembly tools. Results In this work, we developed a de novo haplotype reconstruction tool PEHaplo for viral quasispecies data, which contains a group of related but different viral strains. PEHaplo employs paired-end reads to distinguish highly similar strains. We applied it to both simulated and real quasispecies data, and the results were benchmarked against several recently published haplotype reconstruction tools. The comparison shows that PEHaplo outperforms the benchmarked tools in a comprehensive set of metrics. Availability The source code and the documentation of PEHaplo is available at https://github.com/chjiao/PEHaplo. Contact yannisun@msu.edu
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Longitudinal Mediation Processes

ABSTRACT Statistical mediation analysis can help to identify and explain the mechanisms behind psychological processes. Examining a set of variables for mediation effects is a ubiquitous process in the social sciences literature; however, despite evidence suggesting that cross-sectional data can misrepresent the mediation of longitudinal processes, cross-sectional analyses continue to be used in this manner. Alternative longitudinal mediation models, including those rooted in a structural equation modeling framework (cross-lagged panel, latent growth curve, and latent difference score models) are currently available and may provide a better representation of mediation processes for longitudinal data. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, we provide a comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation models; second, we advocate using models to evaluate mediation effects that capture the temporal sequence of the process under study. Two separate empirical examples are presented to illustrate differences in the conclusions drawn from cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation analyses. Findings from these examples yielded substantial differences in interpretations between the cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation models considered here. Based on these observations, researchers should use caution when attempting to use cross-sectional data in place of longitudinal data for mediation analyses.
Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Promotes Efficient Nuclear Export of Unspliced Viral M1 mRNA

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus mRNAs are transcribed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the cell nucleus before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Segment 7 produces two major transcripts: an unspliced mRNA that encodes the M1 matrix protein and a spliced transcript that encodes the M2 ion channel. Export of both mRNAs is dependent on the cellular NXF1/TAP pathway, but it is unclear how they are recruited to the export machinery or how the intron-containing but unspliced M1 mRNA bypasses the normal quality-control checkpoints. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization to monitor segment 7 mRNA localization, we found that cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced M1 mRNA was inefficient in the absence of NS1, both in the context of segment 7 RNPs reconstituted by plasmid transfection and in mutant virus-infected cells. This effect was independent of any major effect on steady-state levels of segment 7 mRNA or splicing but corresponded to a ∼5-fold reduction in the accumulation of M1. A similar defect in intronless hemagglutinin (HA) mRNA nuclear export was seen with an NS1 mutant virus. Efficient export of M1 mRNA required both an intact NS1 RNA-binding domain and effector domain. Furthermore, while wild-type NS1 interacted with cellular NXF1 and also increased the interaction of segment 7 mRNA with NXF1, mutant NS1 polypeptides unable to promote mRNA export did neither. Thus, we propose that NS1 facilitates late viral gene expression by acting as an adaptor between viral mRNAs and the cellular nuclear export machinery to promote their nuclear export. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus is a major pathogen of a wide variety of mammalian and avian species that threatens public health and food security. A fuller understanding of the virus life cycle is important to aid control strategies. The virus has a small genome that encodes relatively few proteins that are often multifunctional. Here, we characterize a new function for the NS1 protein, showing that, as well as previously identified roles in antagonizing the innate immune defenses of the cell and directly upregulating translation of viral mRNAs, it also promotes the nuclear export of the viral late gene mRNAs by acting as an adaptor between the viral mRNAs and the cellular mRNA nuclear export machinery.
A spectral lyapunov function for exponentially stable LTV systems

This paper presents the formulation of a Lyapunov function for an exponentially stable linear time-varying (LTV) system using a well-defined PD-spectrum and the associated PD-eigenvectors. It provides a bridge between the first and second methods of Lyapunov for stability assessment, and will find significant applications in the analysis and control law design for LTV systems and linearizable nonlinear time-varying systems.
Cancer Storytelling: A Study of Well-Being Expressions Made by Patients

Many cancer patients tell their story to help others. This paper reports a study of 160 such stories, which were processed using a grounded theory methodology. The stories were rich in emotional words and in metaphors and these, along with self-talk and meaning-for-life, provided the commonest indications of the patients’ well-being. Cancer patients, through the process of telling their story, help themselves and enhance their well-being. The method of active listening is described, with associated risks for professionals.
Toward Low-Latency and Ultra-Reliable Virtual Reality

VR is expected to be one of the killer applications in 5G networks. However, many technical bottlenecks and challenges need to be overcome to facilitate its wide adoption. In particular, VR requirements in terms of high throughput, low latency, and reliable communication call for innovative solutions and fundamental research cutting across several disciplines. In view of the above, this article discusses the challenges and enablers for ultra-reliable and low-latency VR. Furthermore, in an interactive VR gaming arcade case study, we show that a smart network design that leverages the use of mmWave communication, edge computing, and proactive caching can achieve the future vision of VR over wireless.
A Protective Role for Interleukin-1 Signaling during Mouse Adenovirus Type 1-Induced Encephalitis

ABSTRACT Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), an inflammatory cytokine and IL-1 receptor ligand, has diverse activities in the brain. We examined whether IL-1 signaling contributes to the encephalitis observed in mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infection, using mice lacking the IL-1 receptor (Il1r1−/− mice). Il1r1−/− mice demonstrated reduced survival, greater disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), higher brain viral loads, and higher brain inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels than control C57BL/6J mice. We also examined infections of mice defective in IL-1β production (Pycard−/− mice) and mice defective in trafficking of Toll-like receptors to the endosome (Unc93b1−/− mice). Pycard−/− and Unc93b1−/− mice showed lower survival (similar to Il1r1−/− mice) than control mice but, unlike Il1r1−/− mice, did not have increased brain viral loads or BBB disruption. Based on the brain cytokine levels, MAV-1-infected Unc93b1−/− mice had a very different inflammatory profile from infected Il1r1−/− and Pycard−/− mice. Histological examination demonstrated pathological findings consistent with encephalitis in control and knockout mice; however, intranuclear viral inclusions were seen only in Il1r1−/− mice. A time course of infection of control and Il1r1−/− mice evaluating the kinetics of viral replication and cytokine production revealed differences between the mouse strains primarily at 7 to 8 days after infection, when mice began succumbing to MAV-1 infection. In the absence of IL-1 signaling, we noted an increase in the transcription of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes. Together, these results indicate that IL-1 signaling is important during MAV-1 infection and suggest that, in its absence, increased IFN-β signaling may result in increased neuroinflammation. IMPORTANCE The investigation of encephalitis pathogenesis produced by different viruses is needed to characterize virus and host-specific factors that contribute to disease. MAV-1 produces viral encephalitis in its natural host, providing a good model for studying factors involved in encephalitis development. We investigated the role of IL-1 signaling during MAV-1-induced encephalitis. Unexpectedly, the lack of IL-1 signaling increased the mortality and inflammation in mice infected with MAV-1. Also, there was an increase in the transcription of type I IFN-stimulated genes that correlated with the observed increased mortality and inflammation. The findings highlight the complex nature of encephalitis and suggests that IL-1 has a protective effect for the development of MAV-1-induced encephalitis.
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 and Its Relationship With Other Typical Soccer Field Tests in Female Collegiate Soccer Players

Abstract Lockie, RG, Jalilvand, F, Moreno, MR, Orjalo, AJ, Risso, FG, and Nimphius, S. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 and its relationship with other typical soccer field tests in female collegiate soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2667–2677, 2017—The ability to complete high-intensity running is essential for soccer. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YYIRT2) can measure this capacity, but there is limited information regarding this assessment in collegiate female soccer players. This study investigated the YYIRT2 as a measure of high-intensity running in this population, and its relationship to other soccer field tests. Twenty-one players from a Division I team were recruited. In addition to the YYIRT2, subjects completed linear (0–5, 0–10, and 0–30 m sprint intervals) and change-of-direction (pro-agility and 60-yard shuttle) speed tests, as well as the YYIRT Level 1 (YYIRT1), to assess relationships with YYIRT2 by correlations (p ⩽ 0.05). The correlation of YYIRT1 with the speed tests was also assessed. The YYIRT1 and YYIRT2 were standardized using z-scores for comparison with elite benchmarks to investigate relative performance on each test. The YYIRT2 and YYIRT1 distances did not significantly correlate with those of the speed tests (r = −0.251 to 0.274). There was a large relationship between YYIRT2 and YYIRT1 distances (r = 0.582), although the explained variance was low (33.87%). Mean YYIRT2 z-scores (−4.29 ± 1.66) indicated a performance further from elite benchmarks than those of the YYIRT1 (−1.92 ± 1.61), and 90.5% (19 of 21) subjects performed relatively better in the YYIRT1 than YYIRT2. The YYIRT2 provided a more specific measure of high-intensity running to that of the YYIRT1 in collegiate female soccer players. Coaches may consider using the YYIRT2 to gauge and track progress of high-intensity running capabilities and create training programs to improve this ability in female players.
Radio-Frequency Sputtering Growth of Indium Nitride Thin Film on Flexible Substrate

The study signifies the radio-frequency (RF) sputtering growth and characterizations of indium nitride (InN) thin films deposited on flexible substrates. A three-inch diameter indium (In) sputtering target with purity of 99.999% was used. The deposition was carried out at room temperature and with substrate temperature of 200 °C. The surface morphologies, structural and optical properties of the deposited thin films were examined by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All the results revealed that InN thin films have been successfully deposited on the flexible substrates in the gas mixture ambient of argon and nitrogen.
Spillover Effects Within Business Groups: The Case of Korean Chaebols

We examine the spillover effects that occur within Korean business groups (i.e., chaebols) by focusing on the market reactions of event firms to announcements of credit rating changes. We find that there are positive spillovers (caused by positive market reactions) and negative spillovers (caused by negative market reactions) that are driven by the market reactions of event firms. Our analyses indicate that negative spillovers are more dominant than positive spillovers. Moreover, a spillover that is driven by a leading firm within a business group has stronger effects on other firms in the group than a spillover that is driven by a nonleading firm. This suggests that the market evaluation of a business group is conducted more on the basis of a leading firm than a nonleading firm within a group. Finally, we show that the spillover effects that are analyzed in our study are more noticeable when the business relationship between an event firm and other affiliated firms is closer. This paper was accepted by A.