Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Intergroup Emotions: Explaining Offensive Action Tendencies in an Intergroup Context

Three studies tested the idea that when social identity is salient, group-based appraisals elicit specific emotions and action tendencies toward out-groups. Participants' group memberships were made salient and the collective support apparently enjoyed by the in-group was measured or manipulated. The authors then measured anger and fear (Studies 1 and 2) and anger and contempt (Study 3), as well as the desire to move against or away from the out-group. Intergroup anger was distinct from intergroup fear, and the inclination to act against the out-group was distinct from the tendency to move away from it. Participants who perceived the in-group as strong were more likely to experience anger toward the out-group and to desire to take action against it. The effects of perceived in-group strength on offensive action tendencies were mediated by anger. The annals of history and contemporary news sources bear overwhelming witness to the variety of ways in which out-groups are devalued, discriminated against, and sometimes decimated by the members of other groups. One group is shunned and avoided, a second economically exploited, another belittled and scape-goated, and yet another systematically murdered. In contributing a social psychological perspective to the understanding of negative intergroup behavior, social psychologists have typically focused on prejudice-a negative evaluation of a group and its members as the cause of discrimination. Despite the insights provided conceptualizing prejudice as a negative evaluation of a group has proved of little help in explaining the wide variety of negative reactions to out Why does one out-group attract fear or contempt while another becomes the target of anger? If out-groups uniformly attract negative evaluation, what factors explain the impulse, desire, intention, or tendency to move against some groups and away from others? Unfortunately, very little work has been done to differentiate action tendencies elicited in intergroup 602 exceptions are discussed later). The research reported here constitutes an initial empirical investigation of a novel theoretical approach to answering these questions. Although intergroup theorists have by and large concentrated on negative attitude or evaluation as a precursor to discrimination, emotion theorists have typically differentiated both the diversity of feelings that may be directed toward a particular target and the specificity of behavior that can follow from those feelings. Ap-personal emotions as complex reactions to specific situations or events that include quite differentiated cognitions, feelings, and action tendencies. Specific emotions experienced by an individual are triggered by appraisals (cognitions or interpretations) …
Conway's Law Revisited: The Evidence for a Task-Based Perspective

Conway's law, also called the mirroring hypothesis, predicts that a development organization will inevitably design systems that mirror its organizational communication structure. The alignment between architecture and communication applies to physical systems, but not necessarily to software systems. In this article, the authors present evidence that a task-level view of Conway's law can realize the benefits of alignment in software systems.
Pre-service Teachers' Willingness to Engage in Inclusive Teaching: An Explanatory Model

In this article, we report on a study that sought to examine the willingness of pre-service teachers to apply the inclusion policy for students with disability. The study considered the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991) as a means to explain the willingness of pre-service teachers in general and of the subgroups to engage in inclusive teaching. Participants were 580 pre-service teachers enrolled in various types of programs in three different teacher education colleges in Israel. They completed a paper copy questionnaire with 55 items. It was constructed according to Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP) guidelines. It was found that the model, based on the TPB, explains the degree of willingness of pre-service teachers to engage in inclusive teaching. It emerges that attitudes toward inclusion, perceptions of social norms regarding inclusion, and a sense of the competence of pre-service teachers to teach inclusive classes explain most of the variance in the willingness to engage in inclusive teaching and serves as leading factors manifesting this willingness. The discussion is focused on the need to increase pre-service teachers' willingness by using this model.
Scheduling Independent Tasks in Heterogeneous Environments under Communication Constraints

With the advent of the grid, task scheduling in heterogeneous environments becomes more and more important. Of particular interest is the fact that especially in scientific experiments a non negligible amount of data must be transferred to the processing node before a task can commence execution. Given bandwidth constraints, scheduling both computations and data transfers is required. In this paper we first develop a suitable model that captures heterogeneity in the processing nodes while imposing communication constraints. We proceed by proposing scheduling heuristics with the aim of minimizing the total make span of a set of independent tasks. Through a series of experiments we illustrate the potential of a particular heuristic that is based on backfilling
An Hα survey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies. II. The Hα survey atlas and catalog

In this second paper on the investigation of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in nearby edge-on spiral galaxies we present the actual results of the individual galaxies of our Ha imaging survey. A grand total of 74 galaxies have been studied, including the 9 galaxies of a recently studied sub-sample (Rossa & Dettmar 2000). 40.5% of all studied galaxies reveal extraplanar diffuse ionized gas, whereas in 59.5% of the survey galaxies no extraplanar diffuse ionized gas could be detected. The average distances of this extended emission above the galactic midplane range from 1-2 kpc, while individual filaments in a few galaxies reach distances of up to ‖z‖ ∼ 6 kpc. In several cases a pervasive layer of ionized gas was detected, similar to the Reynolds layer in our Milky Way, while other galaxies reveal only extended emission locally. The morphology of the diffuse ionized gas is discussed for each galaxy and is compared with observations of other important ISM constituents in the context of the disk-halo connection, in those cases where published results were available. Furthermore, we present the distribution of extraplanar dust in these galaxies, based on an analysis of the unsharp-masked R-band images. The results are compared with the distribution of the diffuse ionized gas.
Mitochondrial DNA Rearrangement Spectrum in Brain Tissue of Alzheimer’s Disease: Analysis of 13 Cases

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a central role in the pathologic process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but there is still a scarcity of data that directly links the pathology of AD with the alteration of mitochondrial DNA. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of mtDNA rearrangement events in AD brain tissue. Patients and Methods Postmortem frozen human brain cerebral cortex samples were obtained from the Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program, Sun City, AZ. Mitochondria were isolated and direct sequence by using MiSeq®, and analyzed by relative software. Results Three types of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements have been seen in post mortem human brain tissue from patients with AD and age matched control. These observed rearrangements include a deletion, F-type rearrangement, and R-type rearrangement. We detected a high level of mtDNA rearrangement in brain tissue from cognitively normal subjects, as well as the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The rate of rearrangements was calculated by dividing the number of positive rearrangements by the coverage depth. The rearrangement rate was significantly higher in AD brain tissue than in control brain tissue (17.9%versus 6.7%; p = 0.0052). Of specific types of rearrangement, deletions were markedly increased in AD (9.2% versus 2.3%; p = 0.0005). Conclusions Our data showed that failure of mitochondrial DNA in AD brain might be important etiology of AD pathology.
Enhanced Genetic Algorithm Approach for Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow Including FACTS Devices

� Abstract—This paper presents a genetic algorithm based approach for solving security constrained optimal power flow problem (SCOPF) including FACTS devices. The optimal location of FACTS devices are identified using an index called overload index and the optimal values are obtained using an enhanced genetic algorithm. The optimal allocation by the proposed method optimizes the investment, taking into account its effects on security in terms of the alleviation of line overloads. The proposed approach has been tested on IEEE-30 bus system to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for solving the SCOPF problem. Keywords—Optimal Power Flow, Genetic Algorithm, Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, Severity Index (SI), Security Enhancement, Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC). preventive approach for security enhancement, the post contingency state corrective action can also be used for security enhancement. The resulting stage has the same security level as the usual security - constrained optimal power flow case with lower operating cost. The power electronics-based FACTS devices can also be employed for corrective action due to its high speed of response. Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is one such device which offers smooth and flexible control of the line impedance, with much faster response compared to the traditional control devices. TCSC can be used effectively in maintaining system security in case of a contingency; by eliminating or alleviating overloads along the selected network branches. It is important to ascertain the location for the placement of these devices due to their considerable costs. In this paper, the location of the TCSC is
A Flexible, Generic Photogrammetric Approach to Zoom Lens Calibration

Compared with prime lenses, zoom lenses have inherent advantages in terms of operational flexibility. Zoom lens camera systems have therefore been extensively adopted in computer vision where precise measurement is not the primary objective. However, the variation of intrinsic camera parameters with respect to zoom lens settings poses a series of calibration challenges that have inhibited widespread use in close-range photogrammetry. A flexible zoom lens calibration methodology is therefore proposed in this study, developed with the aim of simplifying the calibration process and promoting practical photogrammetric application. A zoom-dependent camera model that incorporates empirical zoom-related intrinsic parameters into the collinearity condition equations is developed. Coefficients of intrinsic parameters are solved in a single adjustment based on this zoom lens camera model. To validate the approach, experiments on both optical- and digital-zoom lens cameras were conducted using a planar board with evenly distributed circular targets. Zoom lens calibration was performed with images taken at four different zoom settings spread throughout the zoom range of a lens. Photogrammetric accuracies achieved through both mono-focal and multi-focal triangulations were evaluated after calibration. The relative accuracies for mono-focal triangulations ranged from 1: 6300 to 1: 18,400 for the two cameras studied, whereas the multi-focal triangulation accuracies ranged from 1: 11,300 to 1: 16,200. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the approach, calibrated zoom lens imagery was used to render a laser-scanned point cloud of a building facade. Considered alongside experimental results, the successful application demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed calibration method, thereby facilitating the adoption of zoom lens cameras in close range photogrammetry for a wide range of scientific and practical applications.
Improved Outcome of Severe Acute Pancreatitis in the Intensive Care Unit

Background. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to describe the case mix, management, and outcome of patients with SAP receiving modern critical care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods. Retrospective analysis of patients with SAP admitted to the ICU in a single tertiary care centre in the UK between January 2005 and December 2010. Results. Fifty SAP patients were admitted to ICU (62% male, mean age 51.7 (SD 14.8)). The most common aetiologies were alcohol (40%) and gallstones (30%). On admission to ICU, the median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 17, the pancreatitis outcome prediction score was 8, and the median Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI) was 4. Forty patients (80%) tolerated enteral nutrition, and 46% received antibiotics for non-SAP reasons. Acute kidney injury was significantly more common among hospital nonsurvivors compared to survivors (100% versus 42%, P = 0.0001). ICU mortality and hospital mortality were 16% and 20%, respectively, and median lengths of stay in ICU and hospital were 13.5 and 30 days, respectively. Among hospital survivors, 27.5% developed diabetes mellitus and 5% needed long-term renal replacement therapy. Conclusions. The outcome of patients with SAP in ICU was better than previously reported but associated with a resource demanding hospital stay and long-term morbidity.
Anisometric brain dimorphism revisited: Implementation of a volumetric 3D standard brain in Manduca sexta

Lepidopterans like the giant sphinx moth Manduca sexta are known for their conspicuous sexual dimorphism in the olfactory system, which is especially pronounced in the antennae and in the antennal lobe, the primary integration center of odor information. Even minute scents of female pheromone are detected by male moths, facilitated by a huge array of pheromone receptors on their antennae. The associated neuropilar areas in the antennal lobe, the glomeruli, are enlarged in males and organized in the form of the so‐called macroglomerular complex (MGC). In this study we searched for anatomical sexual dimorphism more downstream in the olfactory pathway and in other neuropil areas in the central brain. Based on freshly eclosed animals, we created a volumetric female and male standard brain and compared 30 separate neuropilar regions. Additionally, we labeled 10 female glomeruli that were homologous to previously quantitatively described male glomeruli including the MGC. In summary, the neuropil volumes reveal an isometric sexual dimorphism in M. sexta brains. This proportional size difference between male and female brain neuropils masks an anisometric or disproportional dimorphism, which is restricted to the sex‐related glomeruli of the antennal lobes and neither mirrored in other normal glomeruli nor in higher brain centers like the calyces of the mushroom bodies. Both the female and male 3D standard brain are also used for interspecies comparisons, and may serve as future volumetric reference in pharmacological and behavioral experiments especially regarding development and adult plasticity. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:210–225, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of photoinitiator concentration on marginal and internal adaptation of experimental composite blends photocured by modulated methods

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of photoinitiator concentration on marginal and internal adaptation of composites photocured by modulated methods. Materials and Methods: Composites based on BisGMA/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 65 wt% of filler were prepared with different concentrations of camphorquinone/amine (C1-0.5%, C2-1%, C3-1.5%). Cavities were prepared (3 mm × 3 mm × 2 mm) on the buccal surface of 120 bovine incisors and the adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 was applied following manufactures instruction. Specimens were then distributed according to type of composite (C1, C2, C3) and photoactivation method (high-intensity – 750 mW/cm2 for 40 s; low intensity – 150 mW/cm2 for 200 s; soft-start – 150 mW/cm2 for 10 s + 750 mW/cm2 for 38 s; pulse-delay – 150 mW/cm2 for 10 s + 3 min dark + 750 mW/cm2 for 38 s). Superficial and internal margins were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, using the epoxy replica technique. The length of gaps was expressed as a percentage of the total length of the margins. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α =0.05). Results: Modulated curing methods did not influence gap formation regarding both superficial and internal adaptation. The composite with the lower initiator concentration (C1) presented higher gap formation when compared with those with higher concentrations (C2 and C3). Conclusion: Modulated photoactivation methods did not reduce gap formation for the experimental composite restorations evaluated. However, higher photoinitiator concentrations promote better marginal seal.
Castor A and Castor B resolved in a simultaneous Chandra and XMM-Newton observation

We present a simultaneous Chandra and XMM-Newtonobservation of the Castor sextett, focusing on Castor A and Castor B, two spectroscopic binaries with early-type primaries. Our study represents the first unambiguous X-ray detection of all three visual components in the Castor sextett making use of the unprecedented spatial resolution of Chandra. Of the present day X-ray instruments only Chandra can isolate the X-ray lightcurves and spectra of Castor A and B (angular separation4 00 ). We compare the Chandra observation with XMM-Newton data obtained simultaneously. Albeit not able to resolve Castor A and Castor B from each other, the higher sensitivity of XMM-Newtonallows for a quantitative analysis of their combined high- resolution spectrum. He-like line triplets are used to examine the temperature and the density in the corona of Castor AB. The oxygen triplet provides a density of ne= (0:5:::1) 10 10 cm 3 , typical for stellar coronae. The analysis for the neon triplet results in much higher densities. By means of a simulated RGS spectrum we estimate the contaminating eect of iron lines to the neon triplet. The temporal variability of Castor AB is studied using data collected with the European Photon Imaging Camera onboard XMM-Newton. Strong flare activity is observed with typical rise times of 10 min and exponential decays which are by a factor of 2 3 slower than the rise. Combining the data acquired simultaneously with Chandra and XMM-Newtoneach flare can be assigned to its host. Thus we verify that both Castor A and Castor B exhibit flares. Our comparison with the conditions of the coronal plasma of other stars shows that Castor AB behave like typical late-type coronal X-ray emitters supporting the common notion that the late-type secondaries within each spectroscopic binary are the sites of the X-ray production.
Posterior Predictive Assessment of Item Response Theory Models

Model checking in item response theory (IRT) is an underdeveloped area. There is no universally accepted tool for checking IRT models. The posterior predictive model-checking method is a popular Bayesian model-checking tool because it has intuitive appeal, is simple to apply, has a strong theoretical basis, and can provide graphical or numerical evidence about model misfit. An important issue with the application of the posterior predictive model-checking method is the choice of a discrepancy measure (which plays a role like that of a test statistic in traditional hypothesis tests). This article examines the performance of a number of discrepancy measures for assessing different aspects of fit of the common IRT models and makes specific recommendations about what measures are most useful in assessing model fit. Graphical summaries of model-checking results are demonstrated to provide useful insights about model fit.
CXCR2-Driven Ovarian Cancer Progression Involves Upregulation of Proinflammatory Chemokines by Potentiating NF-κB Activation via EGFR-Transactivated Akt Signaling

Ovarian cancer is an inflammation-associated malignancy with a high mortality rate. CXCR2 expressing ovarian cancers are aggressive with poorer outcomes. We therefore investigated molecular mechanisms involved in CXCR2-driven cancer progression by comparing CXCR2 positive and negative ovarian cancer cell lines. Stably CXCR2 transfected SKOV-3 cells had a faster growth rate as compared to control cells transfected with empty vector. Particularly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), abundantly expressed in ovarian cancer, enhanced cell proliferation by decreasing the G0-G1 phase in CXCR2 transfected cells. TNF increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity to a greater degree in CXCR2 transfected cells than control cells as well as provided a greater activation of IκB. CXCR2 transfected cells expressed higher levels of its proinflammatory ligands, CXCL1/2 and enhanced more proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation. CXCR2 positive cells also activated more EGFR, which led to higher Akt activation. Enhanced NF-κB activity in CXCR2 positive cells was reduced by a PI3K/Akt inhibitor rather than an Erk inhibitor. CXCL1 added to CXCR2 positive cells led to an increased activation of IκB. CXCL1 also led to a significantly greater number of invasive cells in CXCR2 transfected cells, which was blocked by the NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082. In addition, enhanced cell proliferation in CXCR2 positive cells was more sensitive to CXCL1 antibody or an NF-κB inhibitor. Finally, CXCR2 transfection of parental cells increased CXCL1 promoter activity via an NF-κB site. Thus augmentation of proinflammatory chemokines CXCL1/2, by potentiating NF-κB activation through EGFR-transactivated Akt, contributes to CXCR2-driven ovarian cancer progression.
Comparative cardiovascular physiology: future trends, opportunities and challenges

The inaugural Kjell Johansen Lecture in the Zoophysiology Department of Aarhus University (Aarhus, Denmark) afforded the opportunity for a focused workshop comprising comparative cardiovascular physiologists to ponder some of the key unanswered questions in the field. Discussions were centred around three themes. The first considered function of the vertebrate heart in its various forms in extant vertebrates, with particular focus on the role of intracardiac shunts, the trabecular (‘spongy’) nature of the ventricle in many vertebrates, coronary blood supply and the building plan of the heart as revealed by molecular approaches. The second theme involved the key unanswered questions in the control of the cardiovascular system, emphasizing autonomic control, hypoxic vasoconstriction and developmental plasticity in cardiovascular control. The final theme involved poorly understood aspects of the interaction of the cardiovascular system with the lymphatic, renal and digestive systems. Having posed key questions around these three themes, it is increasingly clear that an abundance of new analytical tools and approaches will allow us to learn much about vertebrate cardiovascular systems in the coming years.