Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced recovery programmes for lower limb arthroplasty in the UK

INTRODUCTION Enhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) reduce patient morbidity and mortality, and provide significant cost savings by reducing length of stay. Currently, no uniform ERP guidelines exist for lower limb arthroplasty in the UK. The aim of this study was to identify variations in ERPs and determine adherence to local policy. METHODS Hospitals offering elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) (23 and 22 centres respectively) contributed details of their ERPs, and performed an audit (15 patients per centre) to assess compliance. RESULTS Contrasting content and detail of ERPs was noted across centres. Adherence to ERPs varied significantly (40‐100% for TKA, 17‐94% for THA). Analysis identified perioperative use of dexamethasone, tranexamic acid and early mobilisation for TKA, and procedures performed in teaching hospitals for THA as being associated with a reduced length of stay. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights variation in practice and poor compliance with local ERPs. Given the proven benefits of ERPs, evidence‐based guidelines in the context of local skillsets should be established to optimise the patient care pathway.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004.

CONTEXT The prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents and obesity in adults in the United States has increased over several decades. OBJECTIVE To provide current estimates of the prevalence and trends of overweight in children and adolescents and obesity in adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Analysis of height and weight measurements from 3958 children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years and 4431 adults aged 20 years or older obtained in 2003-2004 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the US population. Data from the NHANES obtained in 1999-2000 and in 2001-2002 were compared with data from 2003-2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimates of the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents and obesity in adults. Overweight among children and adolescents was defined as at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age growth charts. Obesity among adults was defined as a BMI of 30 or higher; extreme obesity was defined as a BMI of 40 or higher. RESULTS In 2003-2004, 17.1% of US children and adolescents were overweight and 32.2% of adults were obese. Tests for trend were significant for male and female children and adolescents, indicating an increase in the prevalence of overweight in female children and adolescents from 13.8% in 1999-2000 to 16.0% in 2003-2004 and an increase in the prevalence of overweight in male children and adolescents from 14.0% to 18.2%. Among men, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly between 1999-2000 (27.5%) and 2003-2004 (31.1%). Among women, no significant increase in obesity was observed between 1999-2000 (33.4%) and 2003-2004 (33.2%). The prevalence of extreme obesity (body mass index > or =40) in 2003-2004 was 2.8% in men and 6.9% in women. In 2003-2004, significant differences in obesity prevalence remained by race/ethnicity and by age. Approximately 30% of non-Hispanic white adults were obese as were 45.0% of non-Hispanic black adults and 36.8% of Mexican Americans. Among adults aged 20 to 39 years, 28.5% were obese while 36.8% of adults aged 40 to 59 years and 31.0% of those aged 60 years or older were obese in 2003-2004. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents and obesity among men increased significantly during the 6-year period from 1999 to 2004; among women, no overall increases in the prevalence of obesity were observed. These estimates were based on a 6-year period and suggest that the increases in body weight are continuing in men and in children and adolescents while they may be leveling off in women.
Dual Function of the Extracellular Matrix: Stimulatory for Cell Cycle Progression of Naive T Cells and Antiapoptotic for Tissue-Derived Memory T Cells1

Tissue T cells encounter Ag in a distinct microenvironment, where they are embedded in the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM). In contrast, while naive T cells are exposed to Ag in the lymph node, immediately after naive T cells are activated they must extravasate into the ECM to function effectively. Because integrin-mediated adhesion to the ECM modulates cell cycle progression and survival in adherent nonimmune cells, we hypothesize that blood and tissue-derived T cells have similarly adapted their behavior to their first or continued encounter with ECM. T cells from peripheral blood (PBT) and tissue (the intestinal lamina propria T cell (LPT)) were stimulated with anti-CD3-coated beads in the presence or absence of native ECM derived from intestinal fibroblasts, plate-immobilized fibronectin, or collagen type I. Native ECM and collagen, but not fibronectin, induced in anti-CD3 activated PBT a 4- to 5-fold increase in the entry, progression, and completion of the cell cycle over that triggered by anti-CD3 alone. Neutralizing β1 integrin Abs abrogated this increase. None of these ECM proteins stimulated cell cycle progression in LPT. In contrast, anti-CD3 activation of LPT in the presence of native ECM and fibronectin reduced activation-induced cell death by 40%. These results demonstrate that naive and effector/memory T cells respond differently upon exposure to specific ECM components. When naive PBT encounter Ag in the context of ECM, their progression through the cell cycle is enhanced, favoring clonal expansion; while tissue T cell longevity may be mediated by interactions with the ECM.
In search of explanatory frameworks: an analysis of Richard Feynman's lecture 'Atoms in motion'

Science is devoted to understanding and explaining the natural world and a goal of science education is to communicate science knowledge to novice science learners and non-scientists. Learners are often provided with descriptions of science phenomena rather than explanations and many students offer a description when an explanation is needed. In this study, firstly the various aspects of explanations that make up an explanatory framework and the notion of pedagogical content knowledge are discussed. Secondly, an exemplary set of physics explanations are analysed, namely from Richard Feynman's Six Easy Pieces, to identify the individual and holistic characteristics of an effective explanation. To date, this research indicates that a variable mix of science content, educational context, student factors and teacher factors contribute to effective explanations in educational settings. It is likely that teacher attention to the explanatory framework exhibited by Richard Feynman will enhance science classroom explanations.
What matters to girls and boys in a black primary school in South Africa

This article focuses on the construction of gender identities among young boys and girls in a black primary school. Against the backdrop of food insecurity, young boys’ and girls’ vulnerability to violence and to using violence as a means of getting food is increased. Violence is a clear manifestation of gender inequalities. Drawing on data derived from an ethnographic exploration of children’s gender identities in the first years of primary schooling, this article examines how violence underscores much of social relations amongs boys and girls. The article further illustrates how different forms of masculinities and femininities are constructed. Violence is not the domain of boys only. Girls too take on violent femininities. The implications of recognizing children’s gendered and violent cultures are discussed briefly in the concluding part of the paper.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE to assess cardiovascular risk by means of the traditional Framingham score and the version modified through the incorporation of emerging risk factors, such as family history of acute myocardial infarction, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. METHOD participants were 50 hypertensive patients under outpatient treatment. The clinical data were collected through a semi-structured interview and the laboratory data from patients' histories. RESULTS it was verified that the traditional Framingham score was predominantly low (74%), with 14% showing medium risk and 12% high risk. After the inclusion of emerging risk factors, the chance of a coronary event was low in 22% of the cases, medium in 56% and high in 22%. CONCLUSIONS the comparison between the traditional Framingham risk score and the modified version demonstrated a significant difference in the cardiovascular risk classification, whose correlation shows discreet agreement between the two scales. Lifestyle elements seem to play a determinant role in the increase in cardiovascular risk levels.
Proliferation of neuroglial cell lines in the degenerating optic nerve of young rats. A radioautographic study.

Wallerian degeneration was investigated in the rat optic nerve after eye enucleation at 2, 5, 8, and 20 D.P.N. (key stages), corresponding to the periods of premyelination, myelination, and postmyelination. The incorporation of tritiated thymidine, and subsequent radioautography of semithin sections, allowed the identification and enumeration of labeled cells, and the computation of labeling indices of the different cell types (glioblasts, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) in the operated as well as the contralateral nerve. The comparison of labeling indices and absolute numbers of labeled cells in each category suggests an increased transformation of glioblasts into astrocytes, and absence of differentiation and stabilization of oligodendrocytes due to the failure of the axonal signal, and a transformation of pericytes into interstitial microglia. The first three key stages (2, 5, and 8 D.P.N.) are characterized by the integration of reactive gliosis and more or less marked failure of myelination gliosis, whereas the last one (20 D.P.N.) shows essentially a reactive gliosis. The modifications of the neural environment interfere with the genetic program of gliogenesis, illustrating the postnatal plasticity of the central nervous system.
Culture, Ideology, and Antifat Attitudes

Research on antifat attitudes in the United States has shown the position of antifat attitudes in an ideological network and the importance of attributions of control to prejudice against fat people. To test the role of blame and ideology in antifat prejudice, the authors compared attitudes among students in the United States and Mexico. Mexican students were significantly less concerned about their own weight and more accepting of fat people than were U.S. students. Antifat attitudes in the United States were part of a social ideology that holds individuals responsible for their life outcomes and may derive from attributions of controllability over life events. Attributions of controllability were significantly less important in Mexico for predicting antifat attitudes, and antipathy toward fat people showed no evidence of being part of an ideological network. Prejudice toward fat people in the United States appears to have a significant ideological component.
Communicating in English as a lingua franca

This paper will first discuss the role of English as a lingua franca from historical and socio-political perspectives; it will then review some relevant findings of research into actual interactions conducted in English as a lingua franca (ELF), before describing a study of ELF interactions. It will be argued that we need a new research agenda to adequately describe and explain the hitherto unknown global spread of one particular language, and the wide variety of functions, domains, situations and populations it has come to involve.
The Role of Novel Biomarker in Early Prediction of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Rats

Preeclampsia has been known to be implicated in almost 20% of pregnancy-related maternal deaths and is also known to be the leading cause of a mandated preterm delivery. Pre-eclampsia is a medical condition associated with significant amounts of protein in urine in pregnant ladies reported with hypertension. As this is not a normal situation, the need for development of relevant biomarkers, rapid improvement in current diagnosis and the advancements in treatment is greatly required. The Cellular microparticles are either shed or secreted from cell membranes as endocytic vesicles which are termed as exosomes. In our investigation, evidence of accumulating exosomes in preeclamptic rats that modulate the antigen presentation, and are also capable of suppressing the immune response by exposing NkG2D-ligands has been investigated. The probability of such research on these vesicles and their putative clinical relevance are quite exciting and promising for the future upcoming research. The faster the disease is detected and confirmed with the help of such vesicles, the better would the maternal and fetal prognosis be diagnosed.
Language and power: Korean–Chinese students' language attitude and practice

Abstract Language is not only a method of communication, but also a mechanism of power. The ethnographic research reported in this article documents how a group of Korean students, who are participating in a bilingual Korean school in Northeast China, construct their language attitude and practice. Research findings indicate that the Korean students value both Korean and Chinese language acquisition, and adopt the two languages for self-empowerment in the academic hierarchy of the Korean school. The positive attitude and practice of Korean students towards Korean and Chinese language studies highlight the politically and economically functional power of Korean and Chinese languages as a means of acquiring a larger benefit from China's economic marketisation, especially increasing business contacts with South Korea. This article argues that the increasing significance of transnationalism for ethnic minorities within globalisation emphasises bilingual proficiency, or even trilingualism in China's reform period which implies the necessity of relevant policy initiations for the increasing needs of language acquisition.
Frequency and Intensity of Daydreaming: Age Changes and Age Differences from Late Adolescent to the Old-Old

Daydreaming likelihood and intensity were examined through responses to the Imaginal Processes Inventory. Giambra [1–8] and McCraven and Singer [9] have demonstrated adult age differences and seven-year changes. These earlier studies were expanded by increasing the size and diversity of the cross-sectional (n = 2791, 17–95 yrs. old) and 5.45–9.54 year longitudinal samples (n = 886) and by adding 11.45–16.67 year (n = 628) and 17.40–23.44 year (n = 290) longitudinal samples. Clear age differences and age changes occurred in daydream likelihood and intensity. Biological speed and efficiency of information-processing, current concern, attentional strategy, memory deficit, and age-related differences in response honesty explanations were evaluated.
From Beliefs to Arguments: Interpretive Methodology and Rhetorical Political Analysis

This article examines the development of methods of political analysis concerned with ideas, beliefs and meanings and argues that these need to be supplemented by an approach attuned to the specific nature of political action. It argues that since politics involves the contest of ideas, beliefs and meanings, analysis should focus on arguments. Considering methods for the study of political arguments the article argues for a re-examination of the rhetorical tradition and the development of a Rhetorical Political Analysis (RPA). It then outlines the sorts of things this would examine, the questions it would ask and the ways in which it might go about answering them.
Grandparent identity, intergenerational family identity, and well-being.

OBJECTIVE A new grandparent identity measure is constructed that allows us to compare grandparent identity meanings with the meanings of other adult identities and to investigate the relationships between identities and well-being. METHODS Data were collected in 1997 from 203 older grandmothers and grandfathers living in a metropolitan area. Grandparent and parent identity meanings are measured with an introductory identifier focusing attention on being a grandparent or a parent, followed by a set of 10 adjective pairs to capture identity meanings. Intergenerational family identity combined grandparent and parent identity meanings. Self-esteem and depressive symptoms serve as two indicators of well-being. RESULTS We find that there are no significant differences between grandparent and parent identity meanings and that men and women are more positive about their grandparent identities than they are about other adult identity meanings. Further, grandparent identity is significantly related to well-being when it is the only identity in the model but not when parent identity is included in another model. Finally, intergenerational family identity is positively related to well-being. DISCUSSION The findings confirm the expectation that grandparent identity meanings may encourage well-being. Further, the intergenerational identity reflects the overlapping meanings and experiences of being a parent and a grandparent.
Differential Therapeutic Responses to DBT Skills Training and Validation: A Case Study

There is some debate in clinical circles about whether therapy should be oriented more to the client’s subjective emotional needs or to the client’s need for therapeutic direction and problem solving. Although not a true dichotomy, clinicians often orient more strongly to one of the aforementioned strategies or the other. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) offers a framework to practice both strategies, as it emphasizes both validation and skills training. It is hypothesized that either the validation, as an example of meeting client’s subjective emotional needs, or the skills training accounts for more of the therapeutic change in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This hypothesis is explored through the case of Teresa, a borderline client who received therapy that aligned with the principles of DBT. She seemed to respond most favorably to basic empathic connection and a subjective sense of being understood. Contrastingly, she tended to recoil from skills-focused interventions. Based on these results, limitations and implications for future research are proposed.
The association between shallow vestibular depth and peri-implant parameters: a retrospective 6 years longitudinal study.

AIM The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the association between shallow vestibular depth (VD) and peri-implant parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peri-implant parameters were evaluated in 61 periodontal patients under regular supportive periodontal therapy. Clinical parameters included gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), peri-implant pocket depths (PPD), mucosal recession (MR), relative attachment level (RAL), width and thickness of keratinized mucosa (KMW, KMT) and VD. Radiographic bone level (RBL) was measured on peri-apical radiographs. RESULTS Sites with shallow VD (≤ 4 mm) were associated with higher MR (0.91 mm versus 0.47 mm, p ≤ 0.009), higher RAL (4.23 mm versus 3.59 mm, p ≤ 0.0001) and higher RBL (2.18 mm versus 1.7 mm, p = 0.05) when compared with adequate vestibular depth sites (VD > 4 mm). Moreover, sites with shallow VD presented lower KMW compared with sites with adequate VD (1.24 mm versus 2.38 mm, respectively, p ≤ 0.0001). Slightly greater BOP, and GI were recorded for the shallow VD compared with adequate sites. According to multivariate analysis, factors that could predict RAL included: VD, GI, age, supporting periodontal therapy, implant type and design. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, inadequate vestibular depth around dental implants may be associated with increased peri-implant bone loss and mucosal recession. Further prospective and intervention studies will be required to fully understand this phenomenon.
Use of Thinking Aloud in Identification and Teaching of Reading Comprehension Strategies

Analysis of protocols from adults thinking aloud while reading identified four potentially teachable strategies. In a teaching experiment involving 80 students in Grades 7 and 8, significant advantages were found in both target strategy acquisition and reading comprehension for a treatment that combined thinking-aloud strategy modeling and practice with instruction in identification and use of the target strategies. Neither strategy modeling and practice alone, nor question-answer comprehension activities, were effective. Even in the successful group, instruction was effective with only three of the strategies. Implications for identification of teachable strategies are discussed.
Prevalence of celiac disease among first degree relatives of Brazilian celiac patients.

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, is highly prevalent among relatives of celiac patients. AIM To determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a group of first degree relatives of Brazilian celiac patients. METHODS First degree relatives of celiac patients attending the Brasilia University Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic or the Celiac Disease Investigation Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil, between March 2001 and November 2004 were invited to undergo serological screening for celiac disease applying the IgA anti-endomysium antibody test (IgA-EMA). All positive IgA-EMA sera underwent a second screening using the IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies test. Duodenal or small intestinal biopsies were performed in all subjects positive to serological testing. Biopsy samples were classified as type (O) normal, (I) infiltrative, (II) infiltrative hyperplastic, (III) flat destructive, and (IV) atrophic hypoplastic. The final diagnosis was ascertained in subjects showing positive serological tests and a grade I to III small intestinal lesion. RESULTS Nine new cases of celiac disease were found among the 188 first degree relatives tested (4.8%). CONCLUSION The present study confirms the high prevalence of celiac disease among first degree celiac patients relatives and reinforces the need of extensive diagnostic screening in this specific group.
Stable personal attributes and a resilient approach to work and career

Orientation: Recent research has suggested that personal resilience should be viewed in terms of process and outcome. This has implications for the study of resilience in the work context. Research purpose: The main research aim was to explore, at a detailed level, relationships between enduring personal characteristics and a resilient approach to work and career. Motivation for the study: Moving away from the idea of resilience as a specific trait or set of traits raises the question of how general personality and ability constructs influence a resilient approach. Research approach, design and method: This was an exploratory, quantitative study involving predictor (ability and personality) and criterion (satisfaction and involvement) data for 168 senior managers in five businesses within a retail and distribution group. Main findings: Evidence was found for differential relationships between personal attributes and a resilient approach (measured in terms of positive vs. negative perspectives on work and career). For example, the personality factor of Openness to Experience was negatively related to Organisation and Career Satisfaction, but positively related to Career and Job Involvement. Practical/managerial implications: In designing selection, development and employee survey procedures, organisations need to be aware of the differential nature of the relationships between attributes and a resilient approach to work and career. Contribution/value-add: The study brings together recent research on resilience, personal attributes and work outcomes, and supports the potential of general attribute models for studying and improving the process of developing and exercising a resilient approach in the work context.