Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Handwashing Compliance With More Accessible Sinks

Abstract The frequency of handwashing in two intensive care units (ICUs) was observed. Handwashing after direct contact with patients or their support equipment was recorded. The ratio of beds to sinks was 1:1 in the medical ICU and 4:1 in the surgical ICU. Surveillance of physicians, nurses, and other personnel demonstrated a greater frequency of handwashing by nurses (63%) compared with physicians (19%) and other personnel (25%). The nurses in the unit with one sink per bed had a significantly greater number of handwashes (76%) than those in the unit with fewer sinks (51%).
Automatic Single Document Text Summarization Using Key Concepts in Documents

Many previous research studies on extractive text summarization consider a subset of words in a document as keywords and use a sentence ranking function that ranks sentences based on their similarities with the list of extracted keywords. But the use of key concepts in automatic text summarization task has received less attention in literature on summarization. The proposed work uses key concepts identified from a document for creating a summary of the document. We view single-word or multi-word keyphrases of a document as the important concepts that a document elaborates on. Our work is based on the hypothesis that an extract is an elaboration of the important concepts to some permissible extent and it is controlled by the given summary length restriction. In other words, our method of text summarization chooses a subset of sentences from a document that maximizes the important concepts in the final summary. To allow diverse information in the summary, for each important concept, we select one sentence that is the best possible elaboration of the concept. Accordingly, the most important concept will contribute first to the summary, then to the second best concept, and so on. To prove the effectiveness of our proposed summarization method, we have compared it to some state-of-the art summarization systems and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing systems to which it is compared.
Dawning dependence: Processes underlying smoking cessation in adolescence = Opkomende afhankelijkheid: Onderliggende processen van stoppen met roken in de adolescentie

textabstractDuring adolescence young people are known to try out a range of risk behaviours, including smoking. Even though the detrimental health consequences of smoking are well known, the prevalence of smoking among Dutch adolescents remains high. Until today, efforts to control adolescent smoking are mainly focused on the prevention of smoking, whereas fewer efforts are made towards facilitating smoking cessation. Since the chance of a successful attempt to cease smoking diminishes the longer that people smoke, it is important that cessation interventions also focus on adolescents. However, compared to the many reports on predictors of smoking initiation, the literature addressing adolescent smoking cessation is rather limited, and the field is still considered to be underdeveloped. To facilitate the planning and development of programs to promote cessation among adolescents who smoke, the current thesis presents a number of studies that focus on identifying and studying potential determinants of smoking cessation, as well as determinants of important parameters of successful cessation such as readiness to quit smoking and undertaking quit attempts. Multiple levels of influence on the process of adolescent smoking cessation are considered and tested, including addiction, psychological and environmental factors. In addition, predictions and assumptions of several theories that are frequently used in explaining health behaviour, such as the Transtheoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory, were tested in their applications to adolescent smoking cessation.
Scalar implicature and local pragmatics.

The Gricean theory of conversational implicature has always been plagued by data suggesting that what would seem to be conversational inferences may occur within the scope of operators like believe , for example; which for bona fi de implicatures should be an impossibility. Concentrating my attention on scalar implicatures, I argue that, for the most part, such observations can be accounted for within a Gricean framework, and without resorting to local pragmatic inferences of any kin d. However, there remains a small class of marked cases that cannot be treated as conversational implicatures, and they do require a local mode of pragmatic interpretation.
A multiple source methodology for the surveillance of fetal alcohol syndrome--The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network (FASSNet).

KAREN HYMBAUGH,* LISA A. MILLER, CHARLOTTE M. DRUSCHEL, DANISE W. PODVIN, F. JOHN MEANEY, COLEEN A. BOYLE, AND THE FASSNET TEAM 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia 30345 Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado 80246 New York State Department of Health, Congenital Malformations Registry, Troy, New York 12180 SUNY School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Rensselaer, New York 12144 State of Alaska Department of Health & Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska 99508 Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 In addition to the above authors, the FASSNet Team includes: Alaska Department of Health & Social Services: Lisa Balivet, Susan Merrick; Psychology Resources, P.C. (Alaska): Herbert G.W. Bischoff, Ph.D.; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics: Christopher Cunniff, M.D., M.P. Pensak, M.P.H. , Sarah Iden, M.P.H. , and Kurt Zimmerman; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment: April Montgomery, M.H. A. , Rickey Tolliver, M.P.H. , and Cynthia Vogel, M.S.; New York State Department of Health: Deborah Fox, M.P.H. ; Children’s Hospital of Buffalo: Luther Robinson, M.D.; People Inc.: Sandi Gangell; Battelle/Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation: Yvette D. Dominique, Melissa Hogan; CDC: Jon Baio, Ed.S.
Resource-constrained scheduling of partitioned algorithms on processor arrays

We deal with the problem of partitioning and mapping uniform loop nests onto physical processor arrays. Resource constraints are taken into account: not only we assume a limited number of available processors, but we also assume that the communication capabilities of the physical processors are restricted (in particular, the number of communication links in each direction is bounded). This paper is motivated by the recent work of Chou and Kung and of Thiele. Our main contributions are a new formulation of the complex optimization problem to be solved in terms of a single integer linear programming problem, as well as optimal scheduling algorithms and complexity results in the case of linear processor arrays. <<ETX>>
Quantitative nuclear proteomics reveals new phenotypes altered in lymphoblastoid cells

B‐lymphocytes are essential for the production of antibodies to fight pathogens and are the cells of origin in 95% of human lymphomas. During their activation, and immortalisation by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) which contributes to human cancers, B‐lymphocytes undergo dramatic changes in cell size and protein content. This study was initiated to compare the proteome of two B‐cell lines, from the same individual, that reflect different patterns of activation, one is EBV negative and the other is EBV positive. Using isobaric tags, LC‐MALDI TOF‐TOF and subcellular fractionation, we quantified 499 proteins from B‐cells. From a detergent lysed protein extract, we identified 34 proteins that were differentially expressed in EBV‐immortalised B‐cells. By analysing a nuclear extract, we identified a further 29 differentially expressed proteins with only four proteins shared between the two extracts, illustrating the benefit of subcellular fractionation. This analysis has identified proteins involved in the cytoskeletal phenotype of activated B‐cells and the increased antigen recognition in EBV‐immortalised cells. Importantly, we have also identified new regulators of transcription and changes in ribonuclear proteins that may contribute to the increased cell size and immortalisation of lymphoblastoid cells.
H 18 Cognitive Neuroscience Applications

Cognitive neuroscience is a discipline that attempts to determine the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes. Specifically, cognitive neuroscientists test hypotheses about brain–behavior relationships organized along two conceptual domains: functional specialization—the idea that functional modules exist within the brain, that is, areas of the cerebral cortex that are specialized for a specific cognitive process, and functional integration—the idea that a cognitive process can be an emergent property of interactions among a network of brain regions that suggests that a brain region can play a different role across many functions. Early studies of brain–behavior relationships consisted of careful observation of individuals with neurological injury resulting in focal brain damage. The idea of functional specialization evolved from hypotheses that damage to a particular brain region was responsible for a given behavioral syndrome that was characterized by a precise neurological examination; for instance, the association of nonfluent aphasia with right-sided limb weakness implicated the left hemisphere as the site of language abilities. Moreover, upon the death of a patient with a neurological disorder, clinicopathological correlations provided confirmatory information about the site of damage causing a specific neurobehavioral syndrome such as aphasia; for example, in 1861, Paul Broca’s observations of nonfluent aphasia in the setting of a damaged left inferior frontal gyrus cemented the belief that this brain region was critical for speech output. The introduction of structural brain imaging more than 100 years after Broca’s observations, first with computerized tomography and later with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), paved the way for more precise anatomical localization in the living patient of the cognitive deficits that develop after brain injury. The superb spatial resolution of structural neuroimaging has reduced the reliance on the infrequently obtained autopsy for making brain–behavior correlations. Functional neuroimaging, broadly defined as techniques that measure brain activity, has expanded our ability to study the neural
Effect of phonon scattering on intrinsic delay and cutoff frequency of carbon nanotube FETs

The effect of phonon scattering on the intrinsic delay and cutoff frequency of Schottky-barrier carbon nanotube (CNT) FETs (CNTFETs) is examined. Carriers are mostly scattered by optical and zone-boundary phonons beyond the beginning of the channel. It is shown that the scattering has a small direct effect on the dc on current of the CNTFET, but it results in a significant decrease of intrinsic cutoff frequency and increase of intrinsic delay
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun polyurethane blended with dietary grapes for skin tissue engineering

The tissue-engineered skin has emerged as a plausible alternative approach to the traditional wound dressing owing to its inherent advantages. Further, in tissue engineering applications, fibrous scaffold obtained through textile technologies is widely attractive. The present study focused on the fabrication of electrospun textile polyurethane wound dressing scaffold incorporated with grape extract. The fabricated composites showed smooth as well as reduced fiber (730 ± 127 nm) and pore (873 ± 51 nm) diameter than the control polyurethane (fiber diameter –890 ± 117 and pore diameter –1064 ± 74 nm) as revealed in the scanning electron microscopy. The formation of hydrogen bond in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the interaction between the polyurethane and grape. The addition of grape enhanced the wettability behavior (86° ± 2) and the surface roughness (469 nm) of the polyurethane membrane. Thermal gravimetric analysis and mechanical testing revealed the enhancement of thermal and tensile strength with the incorporation of the grape into the polyurethane matrix. The in vitro blood compatibility and cytocompatibility studies revealed enhanced antithrombogenicity behavior and the non-toxic nature to human dermal fibroblast cells for the fabricated composites than the pristine polyurethane. Hence, the addition of grape into the polyurethane matrix had enhanced the physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility parameters which could promote this candidate as a valid alternative for skin tissue engineering regeneration.
Machine-learned solutions for three stages of clinical information extraction: the state of the art at i2b2 2010

Objective As clinical text mining continues to mature, its potential as an enabling technology for innovations in patient care and clinical research is becoming a reality. A critical part of that process is rigid benchmark testing of natural language processing methods on realistic clinical narrative. In this paper, the authors describe the design and performance of three state-of-the-art text-mining applications from the National Research Council of Canada on evaluations within the 2010 i2b2 challenge. Design The three systems perform three key steps in clinical information extraction: (1) extraction of medical problems, tests, and treatments, from discharge summaries and progress notes; (2) classification of assertions made on the medical problems; (3) classification of relations between medical concepts. Machine learning systems performed these tasks using large-dimensional bags of features, as derived from both the text itself and from external sources: UMLS, cTAKES, and Medline. Measurements Performance was measured per subtask, using micro-averaged F-scores, as calculated by comparing system annotations with ground-truth annotations on a test set. Results The systems ranked high among all submitted systems in the competition, with the following F-scores: concept extraction 0.8523 (ranked first); assertion detection 0.9362 (ranked first); relationship detection 0.7313 (ranked second). Conclusion For all tasks, we found that the introduction of a wide range of features was crucial to success. Importantly, our choice of machine learning algorithms allowed us to be versatile in our feature design, and to introduce a large number of features without overfitting and without encountering computing-resource bottlenecks.
Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO x production

During the TROCCINOX field experiment in January and February 2005, the contribution of lightning-induced nitrogen oxides (LNOx) from tropical and subtropical thunderstorms in Southern Brazil was investigated. Airborne trace gas measurements (NO, NO y , CO and O 3 ) were performed up to 12.5 km with the German research aircraft Falcon. During anvil penetrations in selected tropical and subtropical thunderstorms of 4 and 18 February, NO x mixing ratios were on average enhanced by 0.7–1.2 and 0.2–0.8 nmol mol −1 totally, respectively. The relative contributions of boundary layer NO x (BL-NOx) and LNOx to anvil-NO x were derived from the NO x -CO correlations. On average ~80–90% of the anvil-NO x was attributed to LNOx. A Lightning Location Network (LINET) was set up to monitor the local distribution of cloud-to-ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) radiation sources (here called "strokes") and compared with lightning data from the operational Brazilian network RINDAT (Rede Integrada Nacional de Deteccao de Descargas Atmosfericas). The horizontal LNOx mass flux out of the anvil was determined from the mean LNOx mixing ratio, the horizontal outflow velocity and the size of the vertical cross-section of the anvil, and related to the number of strokes contributing to LNOx. The values of these parameters were derived from the airborne measurements, from lightning and radar observations, and from a trajectory analysis. The amount of LNOx produced per LINET stroke depending on measured peak current was determined. The results were scaled up with the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flash rate (44 flashes s −1 ) to obtain an estimate of the global LNOx production rate. The final results gave ~1 and ~2–3 kg(N) per LIS flash based on measurements in three tropical and one subtropical Brazilian thunderstorms, respectively, suggesting that tropical flashes may be less productive than subtropical ones. The equivalent mean annual global LNOx nitrogen mass production rate was estimated to be 1.6 and 3.1 Tg a −1 , respectively. By use of LINET observations in Germany in July 2005, a comparison with the lightning activity in mid-latitude thunderstorms was also performed. In general, the same frequency distribution of stroke peak currents as for tropical thunderstorms over Brazil was found. The different LNOx production rates per stroke in tropical thunderstorms compared with subtropical and mid-latitude thunderstorms seem to be related to the different stroke lengths (inferred from comparison with laboratory data and observed lengths). In comparison, the impact of other lightning parameters as stroke peak current and stroke release height was assessed to be minor. The results from TROCCINOX suggest that the different vertical wind shear may be responsible for the different stroke lengths.
Life-Span Perspectives on Positive Personality Development in Adulthood and Old Age

We argue that positive personality development follows two distinct but interrelated trajectories that begin to diverge in adulthood; that is, personality adjustment and personality growth. We review empirical evidence stemming from a wide range of adult personality research to substantiate the usefulness of this distinction. We argue that aging, in modern industrialized societies, so far normatively optimizes adjustment but not growth. In line with this evidence and with a contextualistic perspective on development, we argue that whether the potential for personality change actually unfolds also depends on (social) contextual influences. We therefore discuss in an exemplary and more detailed fashion two specific contextual influences that affect positive (personality) development: age stereotypes and the work context. Keywords: personality development; adulthood; adjustment; growth; wisdom; contextualism
Quantitative Assessment of Upper Limb Motion in Neurorehabilitation Utilizing Inertial Sensors

Two inertial sensor systems were developed for 3-D tracking of upper limb movement. One utilizes four sensors and a kinematic model to track the positions of all four upper limb segments/joints and the other uses one sensor and a dead reckoning algorithm to track a single upper limb segment/joint. Initial evaluation indicates that the system using the kinematic model is able to track orientation to 1 degree and position to within 0.1 cm over a distance of 10 cm. The dead reckoning system combined with the “zero velocity update” correction can reduce errors introduced through double integration of errors in the estimate in offsets of the acceleration from several meters to 0.8% of the total movement distance. Preliminary evaluation of the systems has been carried out on ten healthy volunteers and the kinematic system has also been evaluated on one patient undergoing neurorehabilitation over a period of ten weeks. The initial evaluation of the two systems also shows that they can monitor dynamic information of joint rotation and position and assess rehabilitation process in an objective way, providing additional clinical insight into the rehabilitation process.
Elaborations toward a notion of community music therapy : dissertation for the degree of Dr. art, Faculty of Arts, Department of Music and Theatre, University of Oslo

The last few years the term Community Music Therapy increasingly has come into circulation, and with it, fresh debates about the relevance and meaning of the term and of the practices it refers to. How could Community Music Therapy be described and defined? What characteristics of human nature and late modern culture indicate the relevance of Community Music Therapy? What preliminary descriptors could be developed for Community Music Therapy practice? What are the implications for the discipline and profession of music therapy? These are the questions addressed in this study, which is characterised as a qualitative inquiry with a strong theoretical component. Available literature resources in four countries -- Germany, Norway, Britain, and the US -- are examined as a foundation for the elaboration of a metatheoretical platform from which the history, importance, and significance of Community Music Therapy can be accounted for. The casework presented and analysed in Chapters 6 and 7 is chosen as part of the ongoing narrative and accompanied by extensive commentary on methodological implications. Analysis is given to the empirical material from several interlocking perspectives, each time adding up to a further step in the overall theoretical project of the dissertation. A context-inclusive Model of Music Therapy Processes, which challenges conventional music therapy theories and practices, is developed in Chapter 8, before the final Chapters 9 and 10 synthesise the various perspectives and material taken in pursuit of provisional answers to the four research questions.
Principles of canonical action research

Abstract. Despite the growing prominence of canonical action research (CAR) in the information systems discipline, a paucity of methodological guidance continues to hamper those conducting and evaluating such studies. This article elicits a set of five principles and associated criteria to help assure both the rigor and the relevance of CAR in information systems. The first principle relates to the development of an agreement that facilitates collaboration between the action researcher and the client. The second principle is based upon a cyclical process model for action research that consists of five stages: diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation and reflection. Additional principles highlight the critical roles of theory, change through action, and the specification of learning in terms of implications for both research and practice. The five principles are illustrated through the analysis of one recently published CAR study.
Direct-to-consumer marketing of psychological treatments: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE Although direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing of pharmacologic interventions is effective and common, similar approaches have yet to be evaluated in the promotion of psychological treatments (PTs). This is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the potential of DTC marketing of PTs. METHOD Participants (N = 344; 75.0% female, mean age = 18.6 years, 48.5% non-Hispanic White) were randomly assigned to consume one of four extended commercial campaigns embedded within unrelated programming across 3 weeks. The four campaign conditions were a PT campaign, a PT informing about medication side effects campaign, a medication campaign, and a neutral campaign. Attitudes about and intention to seek psychological treatment were assessed prior to campaign exposure (T1), 1 week following the final week of campaign exposure (T2), and at a 3-month follow-up evaluation (T3). RESULTS The percentage of participants who newly intended psychological treatment at T2 or T3 differed by condition, with those assigned to the PT campaign slightly more likely to have intended to receive psychological treatment at T2 or T3 than those in other conditions. Baseline reports of emotional symptoms moderated the effect of condition on attitudes toward PT and perceived likelihood of seeking treatment in the future. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the preliminary utility of DTC marketing of psychological treatments. Increasing consumer knowledge of PTs may be a worthwhile complement to current dissemination and implementation efforts aimed at promoting the uptake of PTs in mental health care.