Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presence in response to dynamic visual realism: a preliminary report of an experiment study

This paper describes an experiment that examines the influence of visual realism on reported presence. 33 participants experienced two different renderings of a virtual environment that depicts a pit in the centre of a room, in a head-tracked head-mounted display. The environment was rendered using parallel ray tracing at 15fps,mbut in one condition ray casting (RC) was used achieving a result equivalent to OpenGL based per-pixel local illumination, and in the second full recursive ray tracing (RT). The participants were randomly allocated to two groups -- one that experienced RC first followed by RT, and the second group in the opposite order. Reported presence was obtained by questionnaires following each session. The results indicate that reported presence, in terms of the 'sense of being there' was significantly higher for the RT than for the RC condition.
Atmospheric aerosol: physical-chemical characterisation and source apportionment

Atmospheric aerosol is a ubiquitous component of the Earth atmosphere. By mass, aerosol natural sources override anthropogenic ones, the latter constituting less than 5% to the total aerosol loading (Jaenicke, 2008). Nevertheless, in urban environment the contribution can increase to 80-90%. Since anthropogenic sources are mostly associated with high temperature processes, urban aerosol number size distribution is usually dominated by ultrafine particles UFPs (d<100 nm). The UFPs have the highest surface/mass ratios among aerosol particles and bond the highest pollutant loading as per particle mass. Additionally, the UFPs exhibit the highest deposition efficiency in deep region of the human respiratory tract. Therefore, this study focuses to urban aerosol particle spatial-temporal, physical and chemical characterization and source apportionment with special emphasis to the UFPs. The first study in residential district of Ostrava-Radvanice and Bartovice, an air pollution hot spot in Europe, identified industry being dominant sources of UFPs. High particle number concentrations (NC) were measured at the hot spot, with peaks up to 1.4x105 particles cm-3 during plume events, i.e. downwind an industrial facility. The plume-originating UFPs were mostly composed of 19−44 nm nanoparticles heavily enriched up to 4.5% of mass with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The industry nanoparticles have short residence time and quickly attach to accumulation mode particles, which explains their enrichment with PAH’s, the most serious threat at the at the hot-spot. Also, such finding helps to assess better industrial UFPs impact to human health, since particles of 20−40 nm in diameter exhibit twice the deposition efficiency in pulmonary alveoli than other UFPs (Venkatamaran et al., 1999). The methodology of source impact measurements focusing on particle NC and size distribution (SD) presented in this manuscript combines highly time-andspace airborne and ground-level measurements. This integrated measurement strategy can be applied to identify specific industrial sources in other hot-spots worldwide. The aerosol NC and the SD can vary at different heights of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In-situ vertical profile measurements in the PBL, especially up to 300 m height above ground level, are rare. Airship measurements are capable of providing high time-and-space resolution of aerosol vertical distribution directly in the lower troposphere. Airborne measurements in manuscript 2 revealed two temperature inversion layers, at heights 70m and 120m. In the early morning, coarse particles were accumulated below the lower inversion layer with mass
A Comprehensive Assessment of Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Mutations in Flammulina filiformis Using Whole-Genome Resequencing

Nucleotide substitutions have played an important role in molecular evolution, and understanding their dynamics would contribute to genetic studies. Related research with defined DNA sequences lasted for decades until whole-genome sequencing arose. UV radiation (UVR) can generate base changes and other genetic variations in a short period of time, so it would be more meaningful to explore mutations caused by UVR from a genomic perspective. The monokaryon enoki strain WT583 was selected as the experimental material in this study because it can spontaneously produce large amounts of oidia on PDA plates, and the monokaryons originating from oidia have the same genotype as their mother monokaryon. After exposure to UV radiation, 100 randomly selected mutants, with WT583 as the reference genome, were sent for genome sequencing. BWA, samtools, and GATK software were employed for SNP calling, and the R package CMplot was used to visualize the distribution of the SNPs on the contigs of the reference genome. Furthermore, a k-mer-based method was used to detect DNA fragment deletion. Moreover, the non-synonymous genes were functionally annotated. A total of 3707 single-base substitutions and 228 tandem mutations were analyzed. The immediate adjacent bases showed different effects on the mutation frequencies of adenine and cytosine. For adenine, the overall effects of the immediate 5′-side and 3′-side bases were T > A > C > G and A > T > G > C, respectively; for cytosine, the overall effects of the immediate 5′-side and 3′-side bases were T > C > A > G and C > T > A > G, respectively. Regarding tandem mutations, the mutation frequencies of double-transition, double-transversion, 3′-side transition, and 5′-side transition were 131, 8, 72, and 17, respectively. Transitions at the 3′-side with a high mutation frequency shared a common feature, where they held transversions at the 5′-side of A→T or T→A without covalent bond changes, suggesting that the sequence context of tandem motifs might be related to their mutation frequency. In total, 3707 mutation sites were non-randomly distributed on the contigs of the reference genome. In addition, pyrimidines at the 3′-side of adenine promoted its transversion frequency, and UVR generated DNA fragment deletions over 200 bp with a low frequency in the enoki genome. The functional annotation of the genes with non-synonymous mutation indicated that UVR could produce abundant mutations in a short period of time.
On Treewidth and Related Parameters of Random Geometric Graphs

We give asymptotically exact values for the treewidth ${tw}(G)$ of a random geometric graph $G\in{\mathcal G(n,r)}$ in $[0,\sqrt{n}]^2$. More precisely, let $r_c$ denote the threshold radius for the appearance of the giant component in ${\mathcal G(n,r)}$. We then show that for any constant $0 < r < r_c$, ${tw}(G)=\Theta(\frac{\log n}{\log \log n})$, and for $c$ being sufficiently large, and $r=r(n) \geq c$, ${tw}(G)=\Theta(r \sqrt{n})$. Our proofs show that for the corresponding values of $r$ the same asymptotic bounds also hold for the pathwidth and the treedepth of a random geometric graph.
Paramyosin in invertebrate muscles. I. Identification and localization

By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion, we identified paramyosin in two smooth invertebrate "catch" muscles (Mytilus anterior byssus retractor and Mercenaria opaque adductor) and five invertebrate striated muscles (Limulus telson levator, Homarus claw muscle, Balanus scutal depressor, Lethocerus air tube retractor, and Aequipecten striated adductor). We show that (a) the paramyosins in all of these muscles have the same chain weights and (b) they are immunologically similar. We stained all of these muscles with specific antibody to Limulus paramyosin using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Paramyosin was localized to the A bands of the glycerinated striated muscles, and diffus fluorescence was seen throughout the glycerinated fibers of the smooth catch muscles. The presence of paramyosin in Homarus claw muscle, Balanus scutal depressor, and Lethocerus air tube retractor is shown here for the first time. Of the muscles in this study, Limulus telson levator is the only one for which the antiparamyosin staining pattern has been previously reported.
Study of Chinese and UK Hit Songs Prediction

The top 40 chart is a popular resource used by listeners to select and purchase music. Previous work on automatic hit song prediction focused on Western pop music. However, pop songs from different parts of the world exhibit significant differences. We performed experiments on hit song prediction using 40 weeks of data from Chinese and UK pop music charts. We used a set of ten common audio features with a time-weighted linear regression model and a support vector machine model to predict whether a new song will be a top hit or a non-hit. Then we report on the features that performed best for predicting hit songs for both the Chinese and UK pop charts. Our results indicate that Chinese hit song prediction is more accurate than the UK version of the experiment. We conclude that the audio feature characteristics of Chinese hit songs are significantly different from those of UK hit songs. The results of our work can be used to inform how music information retrieval systems are designed for pop music from different musical cultures.
Virtual customer environment design and organizational innovation: An exploration–exploitation perspective

ABSTRACT Many firms are developing virtual customer environments (VCEs) that provide customers the opportunity to submit, discuss, and vote for new ideas. Some studies show that VCEs promote the development of incremental improvements in existing products and services (i.e., exploitative innovation). However, other studies find that customers working in VCEs will often suggest radical ideas for brand new products and services (i.e., exploratory innovation). Exploration and exploitation are often incompatible; thus, we address this paradox by investigating whether the design of a firm’s VCE architecture is related to the firm’s exploratory innovation activity and exploitative innovation activity. Using matched data collected from VCEs and managers, we show that two-way information exchange VCE tools facilitate exploratory innovation, and one-way information exchange VCE tools enhance exploitative innovation. We also find that absorptive capacity positively moderates the latter relationship. Our findings have implications for research and practice in VCEs, organizational innovation, and organizational learning.
High Mortality in Adults Hospitalized for Active Tuberculosis in a Low HIV Prevalence Setting

Background This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of adults hospitalized for tuberculosis in a higher-income region with low HIV prevalence. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all adults hospitalized for pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an acute-care hospital in Hong Kong during a two-year period. Microscopy and solid-medium culture were routinely performed. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by: (1) positive culture of M. tuberculosis, (2) positive M. tuberculosis PCR result, (3) histology findings of tuberculosis infection, and/or (4) typical clinico-radiological manifestations of tuberculosis which resolved after anti-TB treatment, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. Time to treatment (‘early’, started during initial admission; ‘late’, subsequent periods), reasons for delay, and short- and long-term survival were analyzed. Results Altogether 349 patients were studied [median(IQR) age 62(48–77) years; non-HIV immunocompromised conditions 36.7%; HIV/AIDS 2.0%]. 57.9%, 16.3%, and 25.8% had pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and pulmonary-extrapulmonary tuberculosis respectively. 58.2% was smear-negative; 0.6% multidrug-resistant. 43.4% developed hypoxemia. Crude 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality was 13.8% and 24.1% respectively. 57.6% and 35.8% received ‘early’ and ‘late’ treatment respectively, latter mostly culture-guided [median(IQR) intervals, 5(3–9) vs. 43(25–61) days]. Diagnosis was unknown before death in 6.6%. Smear-negativity, malignancy, chronic lung diseases, and prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (adjusted-OR 10.6, 95%CI 1.3–85.2) delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis. Failure to receive ‘early’ treatment independently predicted higher mortality (Cox-model, adjusted-HR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1–3.0). Conclusions Mortality of hospitalized tuberculosis patients is high. Newer approaches incorporating methods for rapid diagnosis and initiation of anti-tuberculous treatment are urgently required to improve outcomes.
Variation in otolith microchemistry for Lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) in southern Brazil and its potential use in identifying their nursery grounds

— The Lebranche mullet ( Mugil liza ) is an economically important estuarine species found along the coast of Brazil. The southern population of this species ranges from the coast of the state of São Paulo (23°S) to the coast of Argentina (36°S). It migrates annually among estuaries in Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil to reproduce in their marine spawning grounds (~26°S). We evaluated whether variations in the otolith chemical composition for fish acquired at nursery grounds can be used to make distinctions among 4 nursery areas of the southern population. Analysis of otolith microchemistry included concentrations of 9 elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), copper, zinc, strontium (Sr), cadmium, barium, lanthanum, and lead. When using random forest classification algorithms, the maximum accuracy of 96% in assignment of nursery habitat for Lebranche mullet between 2 groups (fish caught at nurseries in Brazil and fish migrating from waters of Uruguay and Argentina) was achieved with the combination of Li, Mg, and Sr. Our results indicate that the elemental composition of otoliths can be an important tool for establishing connectivity between nursery areas used by Lebranche mullet. We discuss the implications of this result for the structure of the population and the management of the mullet fishery in southern Brazil relative to the limitations of the meth-ods we employed.
Computing Geometric Minimum-Dilation Graphs is NP-Hard

Consider a geometric graph G, drawn with straight lines in the plane. For every pair a, b of vertices of G, we compare the shortest-path distance between a and b in G (with Euclidean edge lengths) to their actual Euclidean distance in the plane. The worst-case ratio of these two values, for all pairs of vertices, is called the vertex-to-vertex dilation of G. We prove that computing a minimum-dilation graph that connects a given n-point set in the plane, using not more than a given number m of edges, is an NP-hard problem, no matter if edge crossings are allowed or forbidden. In addition, we show that the minimum dilation tree over a given point set may in fact contain edge crossings.
ON THE APPARENT HEAVINESS OF COLOURS

The apparent heaviness of colours EARLY this century, E. Bullough l showed that some combinations of colours, one above the other, are chosen as more `natural' than other combinations, which tend to look top heavy. Various methods of measuring the apparent weight of colours were subsequently devised: Bullough's preference method, tests in which the weight of coloured blocks was judged either visually or directly by hand • , and the `weighing' of half-inch circles of coloured paper at either end of a simulated balance arm with an adjustable fulcrum s . There was general agreement that red and blue were the heaviest colours, yellow the lightest. But no statistical evaluation was used in the earlier work; and as the colours were surface-illuminated, the effect of colour was easily confounded with that of brightness. In fact, most investigators considered that brightness was probably a crucial factor. In the present study, an adaptation of Monroe's procedures, the effects of colour and brightness were investigated separately using larger transilluminated stimuli, with brightness carefully controlled. Our results show that the effect is independent of brightness. Coloured circles, equal in subjective brightness, differ considerably in apparent weight, while achromatic stimuli which differ in brightness are not consistently different in weight. The display as seen by the subjects is shown in Fig. 1. Two circular holes, 10 cm in diameter with 30 cm between centres, were cut in a matt black screen. The holes were covered by ground glass, on to which the stimuli were back-projected by two slide projectors. Between the circles was a horizontal slit along which the subject could move a small luminous pointer to the `balance point', by turning a knob below the board. The display was positioned vertically in front of the subject in a dark cubicle, so that his eyes were about level with the stimuli and the control knob was within easy reach. Movements of the pointer were recorded on an oscilloscope screen, unseen by the subject. We tested the effects of colour in the absence of brightness differences, and the effects of brightness in the absence of colour differences. In order to simplify the procedure, each of the test stimuli was individually `weighed' against a white stimulus of constant brightness. For the colour experiment five colours were used: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, and Blue (Kodak
PT Brigit Biofarmaka Teknologi's Employee Performance In Terms Of Work Ethic, Quality of Work Life, Appreciation And Organizational Culture

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel etos kerja, quality of work life, penghargaan dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Brigit Biofarmaka Teknologi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik Sensus dengan jumlah sampel 76 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis statistik yaitu uji regresi linear berganda, uji F, uji t, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etos kerja, quality of work life dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Adapun penghargaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Brigit Biofarmaka Teknologi
Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Private Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ensuring provision of good quality tuberculosis (TB) care, especially in private for profit health facilities, is an important component of TB control strategy to reduce poor medical practice which results in multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate quality of TB care in private health facilities of Addis Ababa. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted based on Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model of health care quality. Quality of care was determined by adherence to National TB Program guidelines, treatment success rate, and client satisfaction. Exit interview was conducted on 292 patients on the intensive phase of treatment and 384 patient records were reviewed in eight private health facilities. Initial diagnostic AFB test was done for 95.4% of pulmonary TB patients. Most important components of TB care recommended by national guidelines were delivered for a significant proportion of patients. Majority (75%) of the clients were found to be satisfied with each component of TB care. The treatment success rate was 90.9%. The quality of TB care was fairly good. However, only 77.7% of the patients were counseled for HIV testing. Strengthening HIV counseling and testing, tackling shortage of streptomycin and laboratory reagent at private TB clinic is crucial.
Surveillance of Australian workplace Based Respiratory Events (SABRE): notifications for the first 3.5 years and validation of occupational asthma cases.

AIMS In Australia, the SABRE programme, a notification scheme, has been established to collect incidence data on occupational lung disease. This paper reports the first 3.5 years of this scheme and the results of an occupational asthma validation study. METHODS A notification form is mailed regularly to thoracic physicians and occupational physicians in the Australian states of Victoria and Tasmania, who use this to report new cases of occupational lung disease. The validation study was performed by a blinded panel of two doctors, who reviewed information extracted from the medical files of a sample of reported cases of occupational asthma. RESULTS A total of 520 diagnoses were reported. The mean (+/- SD) age of the 448 patients notified was 55.7 +/- 16.2 years. There were 394 (88%) males and 54 females. The most common single condition was asthma for which the most common causative agent was wood dust. However, the most commonly reported agent overall was asbestos. The validation study of occupational asthma found only fair agreement (kappa = 0.4) between the panel and notifying doctors. However, agreement was better (kappa = 0.5) when the analysis was restricted to those cases where the reporting doctor considered the likelihood of the diagnosis was high. CONCLUSIONS Occupational asthma is the most common occupational respiratory condition reported, which suggests increasing importance for this disease over more traditional forms of occupational lung disease. The validation study suggests that such schemes should restrict notifications only to those cases where the likelihood of the diagnosis is considered high.
Evaluation of the Fusion of Visible and Thermal Image Data for People Detection with a Trained People Detector

People detection surely is one of the hottest topics in Computer Vision. In this work we propose and evaluate the fusion of thermal images and images from the visible spectrum for the task of people detection. Our main goal is to reduce the false positive rate of the Implicit Shape Model (ISM) object detector, which is commonly used for people detection. We describe five possible methods to integrate the thermal data into the detection process at different processing steps. Those five methods are evaluated on several test sets we recorded. Their performance is compared to three baseline detection approaches. The test sets contain data from an indoor environment and from outdoor environments at days with different ambient temperatures. The data fusion methods decrease the false positive rate especially on the outdoor test sets.
2 0 M ay 2 00 6 On Taylor dispersion in oscillatory channel flows

We revisit Taylor dispersion in oscillatory flows at zero Reynolds number, giving an alternative method of calculating the Taylor dispersivity that is easier to use with computer algebra packages to obtain exact expressions. We consider the effect of out-of-phase oscillatory shear and Poiseuille flow, and show that the resulting Taylor dispersivity is independent of the phase difference. We also determine exact expressions for several examples of oscillatory power-law fluid flows.