Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and real-world applications of superior face recognition

While previous work has identified the existence of people with extraordinary face recognition skills (so-called “super-recognisers”; SRs), the cognitive and perceptual underpinnings of the ability are unknown. This thesis addresses this issue, using behavioural and eye-movement measures. It also evaluates the methods used to identify SRs, their role in more applied national security settings, and ways of improving face recognition in typical perceivers. The first set of studies offers an in-depth cognitive and perceptual examination of six SRs using a case-series approach. This investigation revealed that while SRs are a heterogeneous group, they consistently show enhanced holistic processing. A second set of studies examined the eye-movements of SRs in a standard face memory task and a more ecologically valid free-viewing task. In both experiments SRs spent more time looking at the nose (i.e. the centre of faces) than typical perceivers, countering previous work that suggests the eye region is critical in facial identification. A subsequent study was aimed at establishing the UK-specific norms for dominant tests of face recognition and face perception, using a large sample of young British adults. Results suggested that females are better at face recognition than males, and that country-specific control norms are needed for these neuropsychological tests. A fourth set of studies looked at the performance of SRs on more applied face recognition tasks, replicating face matching and recognition scenarios. Results strongly suggested that some SRs are best-suited to particular tasks, and when identified correctly would make extremely valuable employees in national security settings. A final study examined if face matching and face recognition skills can be improved in typical perceivers via intranasal inhalation of the nonapeptide oxytocin, yet neither process was improved following this intervention. The theoretical and practical implications resulting from all these vi investigations are discussed, particularly in relation to our understanding of the typical face-processing system, and in making practical recommendations for the implementation of super recognition in national security settings.
Increase in the intake of refined carbohydrates and sugar may have led to the health decline of the Greenland Eskimos

Recently, Fodor et al 1 performed a systematic review to determine if the claims made by Bang and Dyerberg in the 1970s were true that the Greenland Eskimo had a low incidence of coronary artery disease. The authors concluded, ‘The results of these investigations confirm that the prevalence of CAD in Inuits (Eskimos) is as high or higher compared to non-Eskimo populations’. Almost all of the evidence that was gathered by Fodor et al’ s systematic review came from 1979 or afterwards. Based on the evidence, there can be little doubt that the Greenland Eskimos were indeed at a similar or even greater risk of atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease. However, the authors did find one study, from the late 1940s, that confirmed a lower risk of atherosclerotic disease in the Greenland Eskimo. Since western foods have been known to negatively impact the health of numerous isolated societies, the author decided to investigate what dietary changes may have occurred that might explain the increase in atherosclerotic disease in the Greenland Eskimos. When looking at earlier evidence, there were two main publications discovered by Fodor et al that they considered as level of evidence I (the highest level of evidence), which were ‘based on actual investigation, clinical, autopsies imaging techniques’. Oddly enough, these two reports from the 1940s came to opposite conclusions, one in supporting the notion that the Greenland Eskimos had less atherosclerosis (Ehrstrom2), and one suggesting a similar or greater prevalence in the Eskimos (Bertelsen3). 1 To address the supportive evidence first, Ehrstrom studied Eskimos in the same region as Bang and Dyerberg (Umanak district), which makes his findings a relevant comparison. Ehrstrom measured ‘sclerosis’ in 1071 …
The Factor Structure of Common Psychiatric Disorders and Their Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors in Adolescence

The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline Factor analyses among adults have indicated that the structure of common mental disorders may be described parsimoniously with a two factor model, with mood and anxiety disorders loading on a latent internalizing factor and antisocial behavior disorders and substance use disorders loading on a latent externalizing factor. However, little is known about the structure of mental disorders among adolescents and how posttraumatic stress and its constituent subfactors, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder would fit into such a model. Similarly, little is known about the structure of genetic and environmental influences on common mental disorders. These questions were addressed via factor analyses and multivariate twin models of a sample of adolescents aged 10 – 19 years representative of the population of Colorado (n=3867) who were assessed for eight common disorders. Factor analysis results indicated that while a two factor model fit adequately, a three factor model with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder forming one factor of externalizing, and substance abuse/dependence symptoms and conduct disorder forming a second factor of externalizing fit better. Posttraumatic stress disorder loaded as strongly on internalizing as the more prototypical internalizing disorders, and each of its constituent subfactors loaded more strongly on internalizing than externalizing. Twin models indicated that, in contrast to a prior study among adults, iv neither genetic influences nor nonshared environmental influences could be constrained to two factors and that the best fitting model included three common genetic factors that do not conform to an internalizing–externalizing structure. These results suggest that the structure of adolescent psychopathology can be parsimoniously summarized by an internalizing–externalizing model with two factors of externalizing, and that the structure of both genetic and environmental influences do not conform to the phenotypic structure.
The role of academic ability indicators in big-fish-little-pond effect research: A comparison study

ABSTRACT The authors examined the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) on academic self-concept (ASC) using different indicators of academic ability (i.e., achievement test, cognitive ability test, grades corrected for grading-on-a-curve effects, uncorrected grades). They investigated under what circumstances grades are suitable indicators of academic ability in BFLPE research. The sample comprised 730 sixth-grade students from 30 classes belonging to the top track of the German secondary high school system. Using multilevel models, all indicators of academic ability exhibited negative contrast effects on ASC at class level (i.e., BFLPE). The authors found the strongest effects for corrected grades, followed by achievement tests, cognitive ability, and, finally, uncorrected grades. Thus, the study provides evidence for the usage of grades within BFLPE research for investigating the BFLPE.
Interpreting Insurrectionary Corpora: Qualitative-Quantitative Analysis of Clandestine Communiqués

T he interpretation of texts emanating from clandestine political actors is an undertheorized area in the study of social movements. Certainly, descriptive accounts of such movements are common, yet scholarship focusing on developing an analysis of the multitude of texts these networks produce is rare. While a great deal of edited volumes exist that compile communiqués, manifestos, and other ephemera for analysis, very few volumes take the space to rhetorically and linguistically interrogate these spaces for elements of discourse. In the cases where this approach is adopted, the subject is typically restricted to military-styled nonstate actors, or based more in the analysis of framing or narrative theory. In an attempt to correct for this, the following study is focused on the lexical analysis of written texts penned by anonymous, clandestine cells employing illegal direct action for the purposes of sociopolitical contestation. The subsequent analysis is focused on the study of communiqués sourced from the “informal international translation and counterinformation network” to survey the political tendency loosely termed “insurrectionary anarchism. ” This tendency is most often associated with frequent attacks by underground cells claiming responsibility through a MICHAEL LOADENTHAL
Pharmacological induction of cell surface GRP78 contributes to apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells

Breast cancer tumor with triple-negative receptors (estrogen, progesterone and Her 2, receptors) is the most aggressive and deadly subtype, with high rates of disease recurrence and poor survival. Here, we show that induction in cell surface GRP78 by doxorubicin and tunicamycin was associated with CHOP/GADD153 upregulation and increase in apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer tumor cells. GRP78 is a major regulator of the stress induced unfolded protein response pathway and CHOP/GADD153 is a pro-apoptotic transcription factor associated exclusively with stress induced apoptosis. The blocking of cell surface GRP78 by anti-GRP78 antibody prevented apoptosis, suggesting that induction of cell surface GRP78 by doxorubicin and tunicamycin is required for apoptosis. A better understanding of stress induction of apoptotic signaling in triple negative breast cancer cells may help to define new therapeutic strategies.
The Investigation of Czech Lower Secondary School Pupils TowardScience Subjects

The contribution is focused on the investigation of the Czech lower secondary school pupils toward science subjects (biology, chemistry, physics and geography). The curriculum of the Czech Republic included these subjects in the group call “Man and Nature”. The published studies showed, the pupils’ attitudes toward science subjects are relatively negative. This kind of subjects belongs among the least favorite. The physics and chemistry ranked very often at as the least favorite. In or study was the questionnaire with 25 Likert type items used. Only for the subject geography was used 27 items. It is due to the position of geography, this subject is standing between science and social subjects, so the character of several items was different from the items for other science subjects. The construct validity was established by factor analysis, which divided items into 4 (geography, chemistry and physics) or 3 (biology) dimensions. The dimension are not homogenous, some items are in other dimension in one subject and in other dimension in second subject. The pupils perceived the biology as the most positive and chemistry and physics are perceived as the least favorite subjects. The conclusion contains implications for further research.
On the reliability and inter-annotator agreement of human semantic MT evaluation via HMEANT

We present analyses showing that HMEANT is a reliable, accurate and fine-grained semantic frame based human MT evaluation metric with high inter-annotator agreement (IAA) and correlation with human adequacy judgments, despite only requiring a minimal training of about 15 minutes for lay annotators. Previous work shows that the IAA on the semantic role labeling (SRL) subtask within HMEANT is over 70%. In this paper we focus on (1) the IAA on the semantic role alignment task and (2) the overall IAA of HMEANT. Our results show that the IAA on the alignment task of HMEANT is over 90% when humans align SRL output from the same SRL annotator, which shows that the instructions on the alignment task are sufficiently precise, although the overall IAA where humans align SRL output from different SRL annotators falls to only 61% due to the pipeline effect on the disagreement in the two annotation task. We show that instead of manually aligning the semantic roles using an automatic algorithm not only helps maintaining the overall IAA of HMEANT at 70%, but also provides a finer-grained assessment on the phrasal similarity of the semantic role fillers. This suggests that HMEANT equipped with automatic alignment is reliable and accurate for humans to evaluate MT adequacy while achieving higher correlation with human adequacy judgments than HTER.
Probabilistic constructive optimization techniques

We have developed a new optimization paradigm for solving computationally intractable combinatorial optimization and synthesis problems. The technique, named probabilistic constructive, combines the advantages of both constructive and probabilistic optimization mechanisms. Since it is a constructive approach, it has a relatively short runtime and is amenable for the inclusion of insights through heuristic rules. The probabilistic nature facilitates a flexible tradeoff between runtime and the quality of solution, suitability for the superimposition of a variety of control strategies, and simplicity of implementation. After presenting the generic technique, we apply it to a generic NP-complete problem (maximum independent set) and a synthesis and compilation problem (sequential code covering). Extensive experimentation indicates that the new approach provides very attractive tradeoffs between the quality of solution and runtime, often outperforming the best previously published approaches.
Multi-detector row CT angiography in the assessment of carotid artery disease in symptomatic patients: comparison with rotational angiography and digital subtraction angiography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Compared with the single-detector technique, multi-detector row CT angiography permits larger anatomic coverage that includes both the epiaortic and entire carotid circulations. We evaluated the accuracy of multi-detector row CT angiography by using multiplanar reformation (MPR) for measuring carotid artery diameters compared with that of rotational angiography. We also evaluated the diagnostic performance of CT angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). METHODS In 35 patients, CT angiograms of 70 carotid arteries were compared with DSA images, and CT angiograms of 33 carotid arteries were compared with rotational angiograms. CT angiographic interpretation was performed first interactively at a workstation. Diameter measurements of normal and stenosed carotid arteries were performed on cross-sectional and oblique sagittal MPRs. Degree of stenosis was calculated per North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria independently by two observers for each technique. RESULTS Degree of stenosis was slightly underestimated with CT angiography, with mean differences (+/- SD) per observer of 6.9 +/- 17.6% and 10.7 +/- 16.1% for cross-sectional and 2.8 +/- 19.2% and 9.1 +/- 16.8% for oblique sagittal MPRs compared with rotational angiography. CT angiography was somewhat inaccurate for measuring the absolute minimal diameter of high-grade stenoses. On symptomatic sides (n = 35), interactive CT angiographic interpretation combined with MPR measurements for lesions with a visual estimate of 50% or greater stenosis achieved a sensitivity of 95% (20/21) and specificity of 93% (13/14) in the detection of carotid stenosis (>/= 50%) verified with DSA. CONCLUSION Regardless of slight underestimation of carotid stenosis with CT angiography compared with rotational angiography, diagnostic performance of CT angiography with interactive interpretation proved to be good. Also, the method is highly sensitive for detection of carotid artery stenosis, indicating the suitability of CT angiography as a screening method for symptomatic patients. For hemodynamically significant stenoses revealed by CT angiographic screening, conventional angiography still seems to be necessary.
Nasal high flow oxygen therapy in patients with COPD reduces respiratory rate and tissue carbon dioxide while increasing tidal and end-expiratory lung volumes: a randomised crossover trial

Abstract Patients with COPD using long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) over 15 h per day have improved outcomes. As inhalation of dry cold gas is detrimental to mucociliary clearance, humidified nasal high flow (NHF) oxygen may reduce frequency of exacerbations, while improving lung function and quality of life in this cohort. In this randomised crossover study, we assessed short-term physiological responses to NHF therapy in 30 males chronically treated with LTOT. LTOT (2–4 L/min) through nasal cannula was compared with NHF at 30 L/min from an AIRVO through an Optiflow nasal interface with entrained supplemental oxygen. Comparing NHF with LTOT: transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO2) (43.3 vs 46.7 mm Hg, p<0.001), transcutaneous oxygen (TcO2) (97.1 vs 101.2 mm Hg, p=0.01), I:E ratio (0.75 vs 0.86, p=0.02) and respiratory rate (RR) (15.4 vs 19.2 bpm, p<0.001) were lower; and tidal volume (Vt) (0.50 vs 0.40, p=0.003) and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) (174% vs 113%, p<0.001) were higher. EELV is expressed as relative change from baseline (%Δ). Subjective dyspnoea and interface comfort favoured LTOT. NHF decreased TcCO2, I:E ratio and RR, with a concurrent increase in EELV and Vt compared with LTOT. This demonstrates a potential mechanistic rationale behind the improved outcomes observed in long-term treatment with NHF in oxygen-dependent patients. Trial registration number ACTRN12613000028707.
A One-Class NIDS for SDN-Based SCADA Systems

Power systems are undergoing an intense process of modernization, and becoming highly dependent on networked systems used to monitor and manage system components. These so-called Smart Grids comprise energy generation, transmission, and distribution subsystems, which are monitored and managed by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. In this paper, we discuss the benefits of using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to assist in the deployment of next generation SCADA systems. We also present a specific Network-Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) for SDN-based SCADA systems, which uses SDN to capture network information and is responsible for monitoring the communication between power grid components. Our approach relies on SDN to periodically gather statistics from network devices, which are then processed by One-Class Classification (OCC) algorithms. Given that attack traces in SCADA networks are scarce and not publicly disclosed by utility companies, the main advantage of using OCC algorithms is that they do not depend on known attack signatures to detect possible malicious traffic. Our results indicate that OCC algorithms achieve an approximate accuracy of 98% and can be effectively used to detect cyber-attacks targeted against SCADA systems.
Survey Response and Observed Behavior: Emancipative and Secular Values Predict Prosocial Behaviors

Since decades, cross-cultural psychology examines moral values using data from standardized surveys, assuming that values guide human behavior. We add to this literature by studying the link between moral values and various forms of prosocial behavior, using data from respondents of the sixth World Values Survey in Germany who participated in an online behavioral experiment. The experiment consists of a series of incentivized tasks and allows us to elaborate the association between survey-measured values and three facets of observed prosocial behavior. The evidence boils down to three findings. While (a) emancipative values relate to higher common pool contributions and (b) higher donations to charitable organizations, (c) secular values are linked with more productive and less protective investments. As these results conform to key theories and reach empirical significance in a major postindustrial nation, we conclude that we have important evidence at hand highlighting the potential of combined survey-experiment methods to establish value–behavior links that are otherwise inexplorable.
Bluff body noise reduction using aerodynamic interference

Abstract This paper will discuss a method of bluff body noise control that utilises the phenomenon of aerodynamic interference. This technique uses a second body (not necessarily bluff) that is placed in the wake of the bluff body whose noise we wish to control. Through proper understanding of the wake dynamics, the amplitude and phase of the noise from the downstream body can be controlled so as to achieve noise reduction in the far-field. This paper will present a theoretical model of noise reduction via aerodynamic interference based on the theory of Curle. The noise from a two-dimensional square cylinder will be then assessed numerically with and without a flat plate placed within its wake. The results show that the presence of the downstream body creates a high level of non-linear interference that needs to be understood in detail before effective noise reduction can occur.
Charged pion form factor between Q2=0.60 and 2.45 GeV2. II. Determination of, and results for, the pion form factor

The charged pion form factor, F{sub {pi}}(Q{sup 2}), is an important quantity that can be used to advance our knowledge of hadronic structure. However, the extraction of F{sub {pi}} from data requires a model of the {sup 1}H(e,e{sup '}{pi}{sup +})n reaction and thus is inherently model dependent. Therefore, a detailed description of the extraction of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data obtained recently at Jefferson Lab is presented, with particular focus given to the dominant uncertainties in this procedure. Results for F{sub {pi}} are presented for Q{sup 2}=0.60-2.45 GeV{sup 2}. Above Q{sup 2}=1.5 GeV{sup 2}, the F{sub {pi}} values are systematically below the monopole parametrization that describes the low Q{sup 2} data used to determine the pion charge radius. The pion form factor can be calculated in a wide variety of theoretical approaches, and the experimental results are compared to a number of calculations. This comparison is helpful in understanding the role of soft versus hard contributions to hadronic structure in the intermediate Q{sup 2} regime.
Use of Quarry Dust to Replace Sand in Concrete - An Experimental Study

This experimental study presents the variation in the strength of concrete when replacing sand by quarry dust from 0% to 100% in steps of 10%. M20 and M25 grades of concrete were taken for study keeping a constant slump of 60mm. The compressive strength of concrete cubes at the age of 7 and 28 days were obtained at room temperature. Also the temperature effect on concrete cubes at 100 o C on 28 th day of casting was carried out to check the loss of strength. From test results it was found that the maximum compressive strength is obtained only at 50% replacement at room temperature and net strength after loss due to hike in temperature was above the recommended strength value due to 50% replacement itself. This result gives a clear picture that quarry dust can be utilized in concrete mixtures as a good substitute for natural river sand giving higher strength at 50% replacement.