Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial antecedents of communication, trust, and relationship effectiveness in new product development projects: a functional manager perspective

The basic differences between marketing managers and their technically trained counterpart managers [e.g., research and development (R&D), engineering, and manufacturing managers] in terms of work experience, training, and differing decision-making styles have often been suggested as a source of conflict, which acts as a barrier to effective working relationships and integration during new product development (NPD) work. In this paper, we empirically explore this issue by developing and testing a model of psychosocial differences (thought worlds and psychological distance) between the two groups of managers and their effect on communication, trust, and relationship effectiveness during NPD projects. We find that while thought world differences do still matter, it was from a marketing perspective that they had a stronger effect. These findings have implications for top management trying to manage the functional manager interface during NPD projects. We propose a semi-formalized approach to relationship building that may speed up the acquisition of social data that is often necessary to elevate working relationships to trusting ones and improve the efficiency of NPD work. Our model is tested using data from two samples, 184 technically trained managers and 145 marketing managers from Australian companies involved in NPD work.
Combined analysis of GAD65 and ICA512(IA-2) autoantibodies in organ and non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases confers high specificity for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

There is evidence that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may develop in association with other non-beta-cell-specific autoimmune diseases. We aimed to assess whether autoantibodies to the islet cell antigens glutamic acid decarboxylase (Mr 65,000 isoform) (GAD65) and ICA512(IA-2), present alone or in combination, are limited to IDDM or also occur in other organ- or non-organ-specific autoimmune disorders. We determined the frequency of these autoantibodies by radioimmunoassay in 199 sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and compared the results with those from 507 newly diagnosed patients with IDDM and 280 healthy controls. ICA512(IA-2) autoantibodies were detected exclusively in AITD with concurrent IDDM, but not in other autoimmune diseases without IDDM, whereas GAD65 autoantibodies exceeded the limit of normal in 67.7% (21 of 31) of patients with AITD who also had IDDM and in 5.5% (three of 55) of patients with PBC. The frequency of either GAD65 and/or ICA512(IA-2) autoantibodies was significantly higher in patients with AITD who also had IDDM (27 of 31, 87.1%) than in those with AITD alone (one of 53, 1.9%; P<10(-6)), but was not significantly different from those patients with newly diagnosed IDDM (418 of 507, 82.4%). Neither patients with organ- or non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases without IDDM nor healthy controls had autoantibodies against both GAD65 and ICA512(IA-2). Despite the fact that one of the two autoantibodies was occasionally detected in patients with non-beta-cell-specific autoimmune diseases without IDDM, combined determination of GAD65 and ICA512(IA-2) autoantibodies specifically identified IDDM in the majority of patients with AITD. In conclusion, because of the strong association of IDDM with AITD, testing for multiple islet autoanti-bodies could be useful as a predictive marker for risk of progression to IDDM onset amongst patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.
Identifying Products in Online Cybercrime Marketplaces: A Dataset for Fine-grained Domain Adaptation

One weakness of machine-learned NLP models is that they typically perform poorly on out-of-domain data. In this work, we study the task of identifying products being bought and sold in online cybercrime forums, which exhibits particularly challenging cross-domain effects. We formulate a task that represents a hybrid of slot-filling information extraction and named entity recognition and annotate data from four different forums. Each of these forums constitutes its own “fine-grained domain” in that the forums cover different market sectors with different properties, even though all forums are in the broad domain of cybercrime. We characterize these domain differences in the context of a learning-based system: supervised models see decreased accuracy when applied to new forums, and standard techniques for semi-supervised learning and domain adaptation have limited effectiveness on this data, which suggests the need to improve these techniques. We release a dataset of 1,938 annotated posts from across the four forums.
IP Intermediaries in Europe: A Web Content Analysis

Transactions in intellectual property (IP) assets occur either directly or with the assistance of a third party. Focusing on the latter, this paper explores IP, notably patent, intermediaries in Europe. Previous research mainly focused on more developed IP markets such as the Unites States and Japan, and little attention was paid to IP specialist firms in the European market for technology. Using online publicly available data from IP firm directories, we describe the geography of IP intermediaries operating in Europe along with other functional characteristics. Applying a content analysis technique to the activities reported on IP intermediaries' websites, we derive information on their service offerings and degree of specialization. By examining IP intermediaries' characteristics, their services and the relationships between them, we discuss the co-evolution of IP intermediaries and the European market for technology. The limitations of the study and avenues for further research are presented finally.
Correlation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Genotypes and Carbohydrate Utilization Signatures Determined by Phenotype Profiling

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a bacterial species commonly colonizing the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and also frequently used in food products. While some strains have been studied extensively, physiological variability among isolates of the species found in healthy humans or their diet is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of carbohydrate utilization capabilities of human isolates and food-derived strains of L. rhamnosus in relation to their niche of isolation and genotype. We investigated the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of 25 out of 65 L. rhamnosus strains from various niches, mainly human feces and fermented dairy products. Genetic fingerprinting of the strains by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) identified 11 distinct subgroups at 70% similarity and suggested niche enrichment within particular genetic clades. High-resolution carbohydrate utilization profiling (OmniLog) identified 14 carbon sources that could be used by all of the strains tested for growth, while the utilization of 58 carbon sources differed significantly between strains, enabling the stratification of L. rhamnosus strains into three metabolic clusters that partially correlate with the genotypic clades but appear uncorrelated with the strain's origin of isolation. Draft genome sequences of 8 strains were generated and employed in a gene-trait matching (GTM) analysis together with the publicly available genomes of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and HN001 for several carbohydrates that were distinct for the different metabolic clusters: l-rhamnose, cellobiose, l-sorbose, and α-methyl-d-glucoside. From the analysis, candidate genes were identified that correlate with l-sorbose and α-methyl-d-glucoside utilization, and the proposed function of these genes could be confirmed by heterologous expression in a strain lacking the genes. This study expands our insight into the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the species L. rhamnosus and explores the relationships between specific carbohydrate utilization capacities and genotype and/or niche adaptation of this species.
Theorizing the Strategic Architecture of a Broadband Television Industry

The emerging broadband environment is pushing forward a new phase of development for the television medium. Just as the introduction of cable television added the multichannel, narrow-casting capability to broadcast television, the arrival of the Internet and the broadband infrastructure brought more enhanced functions such as interactivity and personalization to cable television. This article introduces a strategic architecture that depicts the roles of various channel members and the interrelationships between them in the emerging broadband television industry by incorporating the concepts of value chain and complementary convergence. Contrary to the belief that the broadband industry would present a truly converged system in which firms from the multichannel television and telephone sectors compete in one another's market with bundled services, this article anticipates a broadband market that continues to offer telecommunications and video programming products under two separate interfacing devices and different distribution infrastructures because of the importance of preserving the unique characteristics of each product.
Hidden Liquidity: Order Exposure Strategies Around Earnings Announcements

Electronic limit order books are prevalent in financial markets. Most allow 'hidden orders,' in which the order's information is neither revealed to the market nor reflected in the National Best Bid and Offer quotes. While they enable traders to conceal information, hidden orders lose time priority to displayed orders, and thus face increased risk of non-execution. We examine hidden order activity around earnings announcements, a time when demand for the opacity of hidden orders is likely high, due to heightened private information acquisition, but demand for immediate trade execution is also likely high due to increased trading activity. We find that hidden order trade volume, the number of hidden orders executed, hidden order trade size, and the full size of hidden orders executed all increase around earnings announcements. This suggests hidden orders provide significant liquidity at a time when quoted liquidity typically falls. We also show that changes in hidden order activity at earnings announcements are related to cross-sectional variation in the firm's pre-announcement information environment, the information conveyed by the earnings announcement, and changes in quoted liquidity. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Planned economic contraction: the emerging case for degrowth

The sociological, ecological, and economic foundations of a macroeconomics ‘beyond growth’ are outlined, focusing on the idea of degrowth. Degrowth opposes conventional growth economics on the grounds that growth in the highly developed nations has become socially counter-productive, ecologically unsustainable, and uneconomic. Stagnating energy supplies also suggest an imminent ‘end of growth’. In response to growth economics, degrowth scholars call for a politico-economic policy of planned economic contraction, an approach which has been broadly defined as ‘an equitable downscaling of production and consumption that increases human well-being and enhances ecological conditions’. After defining growth economics and outlining the emerging case for degrowth, the feasibility of a macroeconomics beyond growth is considered and an outline of what such a macroeconomics might look like as a politico-economic programme is sketched.
Evolution of Russia's Political Party System Under the Influence of Social Conformity: 1993-2011

The Russian political party system has developed through a tumultuous era, progressing from extreme fragmentation to a smaller, more stable number of parties. Much of this change was engineered by elites and especially by President Putin, leading to the question of whether the result is a normal party system by traditional Western standards or just a tool of the government. By means of a predictive mathematical model, the analysis shows that the party system indeed has grown strong popular roots with a great impact on the overall distribution of votes among the parties. This is caused by the pervasive but unconscious effect of social conformity on voters.
Acceso abierto y su repercusión en la Sociedad del Conocimiento: Reflexiones de casos prácticos en Latinoamérica

In a changing society, open access may represent an alternative growth and resources to the educational community, from the opportunities given to students, to teachers, researchers and administrators of educational institutions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the opportunities and challenges that gives open access to the educational community, through the presentation of a conceptual vision and practical cases in Latin America, on the issue of open educational resources, repositories, journals and open access policies –from universities and government agencies or financing– and its link to a knowledge society. The findings are presented on three key elements: opportunities, challenges and opportunities open to access the knowledge society.
Lung cancer mortality among Czech uranium miners—60 years since exposure

The present study is based on 9978 Czech uranium miners with 1141 lung cancer deaths observed in an updated follow-up 1952–2010 and corresponding to 31 years of mean follow-up. The objectives of the study are to obtain more reliable estimates for the exposure–response relationship, including factors that modify this relationship. Lung cancer in relation to cumulative exposure to radon decay products is linear with substantial modifications by time since exposure, age at exposure and exposure rate using exposure windows. The crude excess relative risk (ERR) per unit exposure in working level months (WLM) in the cohort is 0.0097 (90% confidence interval (CI) 0.0074–0.0127). The ERR/WLM corresponding to exposure rates below 7 working levels (WL) is substantially higher − 0.0145 (90% CI 0.0109–0.0193). In the final model, the inverse effect of exposure rate is observed for high exposure rates >7 WL with the ERR/WLM reduced to 31%. The ERR/WLM decreases to 32% and 9% in periods 20–29 and 30 +years since exposure in comparison to the period of 5–19 years since exposure. Simultaneously, the ERR/WLM decreases with age at exposure − 63% and 49% at ages 30–39 and 40 +years in comparison to age at exposure <30 years.
Business Ethics and Corporate Governance: A Global Survey

Corporate governance has gained unprecedented prominence in recent years. The failures and successes of modern corporations are equally responsible for this rise in prominence. Modern corporations thus are not simply victims of external conditions that have imposed corporate governance on them but also created the very circumstances that made corporate governance imperative. It cannot be denied that spectacular corporate failures and the abuse of managerial power contributed significantly to the rise in prominence of governance. However, neither can it be denied that the phenomenal growth in social power and influence of corporations equally contributed to them taking responsibility for balancing their own interests with those of the societies and the natural environment in which they operate. Corporate governance is geared toward ensuring that companies take responsibility for directing and controlling their affairs in a manner that is fair to their stakeholders. Two qualifications however need to be added immediately. First, this responsibility can either be taken voluntarily by the boards of directors of companies or it can be imposed on them by regulating authorities or by a combination of both. Second, the scope of stakeholders toward whom the company should be responsible is a contested
Stable types in rosy theories

Abstract We study the behaviour of stable types in rosy theories. The main technical result is that a non-þ-forking extension of an unstable type is unstable. We apply this to show that a rosy group with a þ-generic stable type is stable. In the context of super-rosy theories of finite rank we conclude that non-trivial stable types of Uþ-rank 1 must arise from definable stable sets.
No association of abnormal cranial venous drainage with multiple sclerosis: a magnetic resonance venography and flow-quantification study

Background Recent studies using colour-coded Doppler sonography showed that chronic impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system is almost exclusively found in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the intracranial and extracranial venous anatomy and the intracerebral venous flow profile in patients with MS and healthy controls using magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Methods Twenty patients with definite MS and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were examined. MR imaging was performed on a whole-body 3T MR system including both 3D phase-contrast and dynamic 3D contrast-enhanced MRV as well as flow quantification of the internal cerebral veins and the straight sinus. Image analysis was performed by two experienced interventional neuroradiologists blinded to clinical data and structural brain imaging. The intracranial and extracranial neck veins were analysed for stenosis/occlusion and alternative venous drainage pattern. Results A completely normal venous anatomy was observed in 10 MS patients and 12 controls. Anomalies of the venous system (venous stenosis/occlusions) were found in 10 MS patients and eight healthy controls. An anomalous venous system in combination with associated alternative venous drainage was observed in six MS patients and five healthy controls. Flow quantification showed no venous backflow in any MS patient or control. Conclusions Findings suggestive of anomalies of the cranial venous outflow anatomy were frequently observed in both MS patients and healthy controls. Given the normal intracranial venous flow quantification results, it is likely that these findings reflect anatomical variants of venous drainage rather than clinically relevant venous outflow obstructions.
Keeping potential job‐hoppers' feet on the ground

Purpose – This paper aims to explain that job‐hopping has become more common in recent years, partly because of globalization, greater short‐termism, shortened product life‐cycles and growing and vanishing markets.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides the results of a survey of four chief executives from the metalworking industry, and one from a four‐star hotel within a management center, to back up claims that training is helping to discourage employees from job‐hopping in rural south Germany.Findings – The paper claims that job‐hopping may be more of a problem in urban than in rural areas, among lower‐paid employees and among people working in fast‐growing economies.Practical implications – The paper highlights some of the advantages firms can gain if their employees stay for longer than the average 3.3 years.Social implications – The paper reveals that numerous German organizations strive to train a certain number of young people – often more than required for the company – and develop key s.
The Impact of the Workplace Relations Act on Regional Patterns of Industrial Relations: The Illawarra Region of Australia, 1996— 2004

Work Choices fundamentally restructured the Australian industrial relations system in 2005, by marginalizing the role of awards and the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, privileging individual contracts and restricting industrial action by trade unions. The Workplace Relations Act 1996 (WRA) represented a significant first step in this direction prior to the Liberal National coalition gaining control of the Senate in 2005. However, there has been no extensive workplace data of the kind produced by the Australian Workplace Relations Survey to take stock of the impact of the WRA. This study undertakes a stocktake of the impact of the WRA for the Illawarra region. It compares data for trade unions, employer associations, forms of employee participation, workplace reductions, industrial disputes and payment systems from the Illawarra Regional Workplace Industrial Relations Survey 1996 with a further survey in 2004. It concludes that while the WRA did impact on the region, the Illawarra nevertheless maintained a distinctive pattern of industrial relations in which the New South Wales State system was more influential. If this provides any indication of the wider impact of the WRA, it offers strong reasons as to why the government proceeded with Work Choices.
How are Firms Sold?

As measured by the number of bidders that publicly attempt to acquire a target, the takeover arena in the 1990s was not competitive. However, we develop a new measure competition based on the pre-public, private takeover process that indicates that public takeover activity is only the tip of the iceberg of actual takeover competition during the 1990s. We show a highly competitive market where half of the targets were auctioned among multiple bidders, while the remainder negotiated with a single bidder. In event study analysis, we find that the wealth effects for target shareholders are comparable in auctions and negotiations.
Rationale of internationalization of China's national oil companies: seeking natural resources, strategic assets or sectoral specialization?

The bulk of the existing literature emphasized that China's companies sought strategic assets (technology, brands and access to markets) through internationalization in order to overcome latecomers' comparative disadvantage, while some studies suggested that these firms went after natural resources to address China's rising oil imports. The third argument (which we coin the ‘sectoral strength’ hypothesis) suggested that the upstream firms in extractive business would seek natural resources, whereas downstream ones would seek strategic assets. In this study, we examine the rationale of main overseas investment deals (‘going out’) of China's two largest national oil companies during 2002–2010 which were also China's top two non-financial firms with the largest outward investment stocks during 2004–2010. We conclude that these deals can be best explained by the ‘sectoral specialisation’ hypothesis supplemented with a consideration for strategic assets.