Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Layer Approach

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology that uses radio frequency signals for purposes of identification and tracking of objects, humans or animals. Since it allows automated identification and potential new features such as sensing of environmental parameters, RFID is gaining preference over legacy identification technologies. RFID is also being implemented in future mobile terminals, thereby paving the way for new ubiquitous applications. RFID is thus expected to enable the concept of the Internet-Of-Things by closing the gap between the worlds of computer networks and physical objects (Darianian & Michael (2008)). As any emerging application, RFID at the item level is facing several obstacles towards massive consumer adoption. These obstacles include: high implementation costs, standards in early stages of adoption, privacy and security threats, low consumer acceptance levels, and reading reliability issues (Jahner et al. (2008)). Dissemination activities have been organized worldwide with the aim of improving end-user knowledge of RFID technology and thus boost both acceptance levels and standard adoption. Furthermore, several improvements on RFID technology have been recently proposed in order to increase reading reliability levels (e.g., Sabesan et al. (2009)), reduce privacy/security threats (e.g., Park et al. (2006)), and lower implementation costs (e.g., Subramanian et al. (2005)). Despite these advances in RFID technology, optimization of algorithms across different layers, commonly known as cross-layer design, has been scarcely explored in RFID systems. Cross-layer design has been proved crucial in the evolution of conventional wireless networks towards broadband solutions (Srivastaya & Montani (2005)). In the RFID arena, however, only a few solutions using context-aware mechanisms have been shown to significantly improve reading reliability levels (e.g., Ahmed et al. (2007)) and security/privacy features (e.g., Kriplean et al. (2007)). In addition, recent studies suggest that RFID systems would obtain great benefits from using information across different layers (Samano & Gameiro (2009)). Therefore, there is a big potential in using advanced cross-layer design techniques in order to improve existing platforms and propose future algorithms for RFID applications. Cross-layer design is expected to make most of its impact upon the two lower layers of RFID platforms: medium access control (MAC) and physical layers (PHY)(Samano & Gameiro (2008)). In particular, mobile RFID systems raise new interesting issues that can be appropriately tackled by using cross-layer methodologies. For example, in networks with large numbers of mobile readers, where reader collisions may constantly occur, resolution A Cross-Layer Approach 0
Impact of Prompt Influenza Antiviral Treatment on Extended Care Needs After Influenza Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

BACKGROUND Patients hospitalized with influenza may require extended care on discharge. We aimed to explore predictors for extended care needs and the potential mitigating effect of antiviral treatment among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years hospitalized with influenza. METHODS We used laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations from 3 influenza seasons. Extended care was defined as new placement in a skilled nursing home/long-term/rehabilitation facility on hospital discharge. We focused on those treated with antiviral agents to explore the effect of early treatment on extended care and hospital length of stay using logistic regression and competing risk survival analysis, accounting for time from illness onset to hospitalization. Treatment was categorized as early (≤ 4 days) or late (>4 days) in reference to date of illness onset. RESULTS Among 6593 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years hospitalized for influenza, 18% required extended care at discharge. The need for care increased with age and neurologic disorders, intensive care unit admission, and pneumonia were predictors of care needs. Early treatment reduced the odds of extended care after hospital discharge for those hospitalized ≤ 2 or >2 days from illness onset (adjusted odds ratio, 0.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .17-.85] and 0.75 [.56-.97], respectively). Early treatment was also independently associated with reduction in length of stay for those hospitalized ≤ 2 days from illness onset (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.43-2.30) or >2 days (1.30; 1.20-1.40). CONCLUSIONS Prompt antiviral treatment decreases the impact of influenza on older adults through shorten hospitalization and reduced extended care needs.
Bubbles, Crashes and the Financial Cycle: Insights from a Stock-Flow Consistent Agent-Based Macroeconomic Model

This paper explores how different credit market and banking regulations affect business fluctuations. Capital adequacy and reserve requirements are analysed for their effect on the risk of severe downturns. We develop an agent-based macroeconomic model in which financial contagion is transmitted through balance sheets in an endogenous firm-bank network, that incorporates firm bankruptcy and heterogeneity among banks to capture the fact that contagion effects are bank-specific. Using concepts from the empirical literature to identify amplitude and duration of recessions and expansions we show that more stringent liquidity regulations are best to dampen output fluctuations and prevent severe downturns. Under such regulations both leverage along expansions and amplitude of recessions become smaller. More stringent capital requirements induce larger output fluctuations and lead to deeper, more fragile recessions. This indicates that the capital adequacy requirement is pro-cyclical and therefore not advisable as a measure to prevent financial contagion.
Age-dependent and coordinated shift in performance between implicit and explicit skill learning

It has been reported recently that while general sequence learning across ages conforms to the typical inverted-U shape pattern, with best performance in early adulthood, surprisingly, the basic ability of picking up in an implicit manner triplets that occur with high vs. low probability in the sequence is best before 12 years of age and it significantly weakens afterwards. Based on these findings, it has been hypothesized that the cognitively controlled processes coming online at around 12 are useful for more targeted explicit learning at the cost of becoming relatively less sensitive to raw probabilities of events. To test this hypothesis, we collected data in a sequence learning task using probabilistic sequences in five age groups from 11 to 39 years of age (N = 288), replicating the original implicit learning paradigm in an explicit task setting where subjects were guided to find repeating sequences. We found that in contrast to the implicit results, performance with the high- vs. low-probability triplets was at the same level in all age groups when subjects sought patterns in the sequence explicitly. Importantly, measurements of explicit knowledge about the identity of the sequences revealed a significant increase in ability to explicitly access the true sequences exactly around the age where the earlier study found the significant drop in ability to learn implicitly raw probabilities. These findings support the conjecture that the gradually increasing involvement of more complex internal models optimizes our skill learning abilities by compensating for the performance loss due to down-weighting the raw probabilities of the sensory input, while expanding our ability to acquire more sophisticated skills.
Increase in brain corticosterone concentration and recognition memory impairment following morphine withdrawal in mice

Glucocorticoid hormones evidently affect memory. Morphine withdrawal causes a cognitive deficit and an increase in corticosterone secretion. In the present study brain corticosterone concentrations were determined after morphine withdrawal. Male mice were made dependent by increasing doses of morphine over 3 days. Blood and brain samples were collected following withdrawal induced by injection of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) or spontaneously after 4 and 14 h. Brain corticosterone was extracted and measured by enzyme immunoassay. Short-term memory was determined in the novel object recognition task, using a 20 min interval between the learning trial and the test trial. In this memory trial, the difference in exploration between a previously seen object and a novel object is taken as an index of memory performance (recognition index, RI). RI in morphine dependent mice undergoing withdrawal was decreased compared to their control group. Brain corticosterone concentrations after naloxone withdrawal or 4 h after spontaneous withdrawal were respectively 22 and 34% greater than control values. Corticosterone concentration was normalized 14 h after the last dose of morphine. The results indicate that increase in brain corticosterone concentration may play an important role in short-term memory impairment following morphine withdrawal.
Commodity Price Insurance:A Keynesian Idea Revisited

Keynes proposed that a â€˜Commod Controlâ€™ agency be created after the Second World War to stabilise spot prices of key internationally traded commodities by systematically buying and selling physical buffer stocks. In this paper, the creation of a new Global Commodity Insurer (GCI) is discussed that would operate an international Commodity Price Insurance (CPI) scheme with the objective of protecting national government revenues, spending and investment against the adverse impact of short- term deviations in commodity prices, and especially oil prices, from their long-run equilibrium level. Crude oil is the core commodity in this scheme because energy represents 50% of world commodity exports, and oil price shocks have historically had a significant macroeconomic impact. In effect the GCI would develop a new international market, which is currently missing, designed to protect governments against the risk of declines in their fiscal revenue, and increases in the level of claims on that income especially from social programmes, brought about by short-term commodity price shocks. GCI would take advantage of the rapid growth of trading in derivative securities in the global capital market since the 1980s by selling CPI insurance contracts tailored to the specific commodity price exposure faced by national government, and offsetting the resulting price risk with a portfolio of derivative contracts of five-year or longer maturities, supplied by banks, insurers, reinsurers, investment institutions, and commodity trading companies, with investment grade credit ratings. The difference between the CPI and a buffer stock or export/import control scheme is that it would mitigate the macro-economic shocks posed by commodity price volatility, but not attempt to control commodity prices. The cost of the CPI scheme is estimated by simulating 5-year commodity price paths using a standard log price mean reverting model parameterised from an econometric analysis of commodity price time series.
The Politics of the Welfare State: Canada, Sweden, and the United States

List of Figures List of Tables Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Canada, Sweden, and the US: A Comparative Introduction PART I: THE WELFARE STATE: NATIONAL CONTRASTS 2. Welfare Systems and Welfare States in Canada, Sweden and the United States 3. Welfare State Models and Typologies : Locating Canada, Sweden, and the United States PART II: EXPLAINING THE VARIATION: THEORIES OF THE WELFARE STATE 4. Social Structure and System Maintenance: Functionalist and Structural Approaches 5. Culture, Values, and Ideology 7. Polity Centred/ Neo-Institutionalist Theory 8. Retrenchment and the Future of the Welfare State in an Era of Increasing Global Integration Notes References Index
Lack of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effects in time production processing

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over different neuroanatomical areas [left and right doroslateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right cerebellar hemisphere] on time production task. The study was performed in 16 healthy right‐handed men with a cross‐over, within subject repeated measures design. There were four rTMS conditions: baseline without stimulation, high frequency rTMS over right, left DLPFC and over right cerebellum. The volunteers were asked to produce a 3‐min interval by internal counting. The rTMS was applied during the task. No significantly differences were observed in absolute error scores in time estimation task with any rTMS condition. This preliminary study does not support the role of the prefrontal lobe in time production processes.
Peer Performance and Stock Market Entry

Peer performance can influence the adoption of financial innovations and investment styles. We present evidence of this type of social influence: recent stock returns that local peers experience affect an individual's stock market entry decision, particularly in areas with better opportunities for social learning. The likelihood of entry does not decrease as returns fall below zero, consistent with people not talking about decisions that have produced inferior outcomes. Market returns, media coverage, local stocks, omitted local variables, short sales constraints, and stock purchases within households do not seem to explain these results.
The Wellbeing of Financial Counselors: A Study of Work Stress and Job Satisfaction

The valuable social and economic contribution of financial counselors receives little public attention, as discourse related to consumer credit and debt invariably focuses on the impacts of consumer defaults for consumers and the broader community. Policy makers and organizations sustaining the work of financial counselors must ensure they care for the wellbeing of the counselors who assist consumers facing financial over commitment. The study was undertaken in New South Wales (NSW), the most populous Australian state. Questionnaires were mailed to 260 financial counselors. A response rate of over 46% (N=120) enabled detailed statistical analysis which included analysis of variance and multiple regression. The findings highlighted a number of issues relevant to continuing education and planning for financial counseling services including increasing workload, difficulties liaising with external organizations, rural counselors' isolation from support mechanisms and an aging workforce.
Measuring Risk Attitudes Controlling for Personality Traits * JUNE 2008

This study measures risk attitudes using two paid experiments: the Holt and Laury (2002) procedure and a variation of the game show Deal or No Deal. The participants also completed a series of personality questionnaires developed in the psychology literature including the risk domains of Weber, Blais, and Betz (2002). As in previous studies risk attitudes vary within subjects across elicitation methods. However, this variation can be partially explained by individual personality traits. Specifically, subjects behave as though the Holt and Laury task is an investment decision while the Deal or No Deal task is a gambling decision. JEL Codes: C9, D8
Light cone reference for total gravitational energy

We give an explicit expression for gravitational energy, written solely in terms of physical spacetime geometry, which in suitable limits agrees with the total Arnowitt-Deser-Misner and Trautman-Bondi-Sachs energies for asymptotically flat spacetimes and with the Abbot-Deser energy for asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. Our expression is a boundary value of the standard gravitational Hamiltonian. Moreover, although it stands alone as such, we derive the expression by picking the zero-point of energy via a ``lightcone reference. ''
Injuries Associated with Underground Coal Mining Equipment in Australia

In the 3 years to June 30, 2008, 4,633 injuries occurring underground at NSW (Australia) coal mines were reported to the insurer. Equipment was involved in 2149 of these injuries (46%). The narrative field accompanying these reports was examined to determine opportunities for controlling injury risks. The most common equipment types involved were: Continuous miner (12% of all underground injuries); Bolting machines (6%); LHD (8%); Longwall (7%); Personnel Transport (4%); and Shuttle Car (3%). The most common combinations of equipment and mechanism were: strains while handling items associated with continuous miner or bolting machines; strains, or being struck by, or caught between, while drilling or bolting on a continuous miner or bolting machine; driving or traveling over rough roads in a variety of equipment; being struck by while operating Longwall equipment. Rare, but high potential consequence events reported during the period included: interactions between personnel and mobile equipment; interactions between personnel and Longwall shield movements; transport equipment collisions. A range of potential short-term control measures for these risks have been identified, including monorails for continuous miner services; redesign of continuous miner platforms and bolting rigs to reduce reach distances during drilling and bolting; improvements to guarding of bolting controls; standardisation and shape coding of bolting controls; two handed fast-speed drilling & bolting; improvements in underground roadway maintenance, vehicle suspension, visibility and seating; and proximity detection devices interlocked with mobile equipment controls. Longer term control measures include automated bolting, and mesh placement, in conjunction with either non-line-of-sight remote control of, or automated, continuous mining machines.
Renoprotection with Anti-Hypertensives: Reduction of Proteinuria and Improvement of Oxygenation via Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System

Hypertension is a common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and even more common sequelae of CKD. While strict control of blood pressure is essential to preserve residual renal function, numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), i.e. angiontensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), reduce the progression of CKD. These studies have examined type I and type II diabetic as well as non-diabetic nephropathies, utilizing end points such as serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, time to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and death. These observations suggest that drugs blocking the RAS offer advantages beyond lowering blood pressure in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD. Therefore, guidelines recommend antihypertensives that block RAS in patients with CKD. Previous studies emphasized amelioration of glomerulosclerosis induced by glomerular hypertension as a renoprotective mechanism of inhibition of RAS. It should also be noted that progression to ESRD is mediated by two final common pathways; tubulointerstitial injury induced by proteinuria, and chronic hypoxia in the tubulointerstitium. Recent research indicates that reduction of proteinuria and improvement of oxygenation of the kidney are crucial mechanisms by which inhibition of RAS mediates renoprotection providing additional rationale for the use of ACEi and ARB to protect the kidney.
Eppur si Muove! Spain: Growing without a Model

The purpose of this article is to analyze the growth of the Spanish economy since the advent of democracy until today. In the first part, the specificities of the growth model are analysed, showing that the empirical evidence is not consistent with the conclusions of the standard growth models (i.e. neoclassical growth model with exogenous TFP). More precisely, in the last 30 years Spain has experienced two long growth cycles which, far from being balanced, have shown major differences in the path of the relevant aggregated ratios. While the first cycle (1978-1993) showed a relatively small increase in employment and a considerable rise in productivity, the second cycle (1994-08) proved exactly the opposite: a spectacular increase in employment and a small gain in productivity. In the second part we develop a dynamic general equilibrium model of technology adoption dynamic a la Boldrin and Levine (2002), trying to account qualitatively for the main Spanish growth facts. We show that the characteristics of the labor market in Spain, with a dual system that protects permanent workers at the expense of temporary ones and an inefficient collective wage bargaining system have played a very relevant role in explaining the growth patterns of the last 30 years.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL PADA PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI JAWA TIMUR

Only limited empirical evidence has confirmed the relationship of information resulted by management information systems and the management performance. One of the previous research indicated that the information with certain characteristic leads to improve performance (Nazaruddin 1998). Based on the previous research finding, this study is intended to examine the relationship between the characteristic of information and the managerial's performance. Indicators to measure the characteristic of information consist of broadscope, aggregation, integration and timeliness, while performance of management represented by the capability of manager in making planning, in achieving target, and in playing their role outside of the company. This research results revealed that in general there is a correlation between the characteristic of information consists of broadscope, aggregation, integration and timeliness and the performance of manager, eventhough the degree of correlation vary depend on the management need in achieving their performance. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Hanya sedikit bukti empiris yang menunjukkan hubungan antara informasi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem informasi akuntansi manajemen dengan kinerja manajemen. Salah satu penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa informasi dengan karakteristik tertentu dapat meningkatkan kinerja (Nazaruddin 1998). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara karakteristik informasi dan kinerja manajerial. Indikator untuk mengukur karakteristik informasi adalah broadscope, agregasi, integrasi dan timeliness, sedangkan kinerja manajerial diwakili dengan faktor kemampuan manajer dalam membuat perencanaan, mencapai target dan melakukan kiprahnya diluar perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini secara umum menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara karakteristik informasi yang terdiri dari broadscope, agregasi, integrasi dan timeliness dengan kinerja manajerial, meskipun tingkat hubungan tersebut bervariasi tergantung pada kebutuhan manajer dalam mencapai kinerja mereka. Kata kunci: kinerja, karakteristik informasi, sistem informasi manajemen.
Stereotypes and tacit inference.

To judge another person's behavior, one often has to come to an understanding of what that behavior was in its detail. Five studies demonstrated that stereotypes influence the tacit inferences people make about the unspecified details and ambiguities of social behavior (e.g., what the behavior specifically was, what stimulus the individual reacted to, what caused the individual to act) and that these inferences occur when people encode the relevant information. One study found that participants who scored low on a measure of modern sexism were just as likely to make tacit inferences based on gender stereotypes as were those who scored high. Discussion centers on the implications of these findings for identification processes in social judgment, as well as whether stereotypes influence tacit inferences at an implicit level.