Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation Related to Cataract Surgery

Ocular inflammation and pain are a common consequence of cataract surgery, and if left untreated, may lead to extensive ocular damage, resulting in impaired vision as well as decreased satisfaction with the procedure. Effective management of ophthalmic inflammation after surgery is therefore vital. Topical ophthalmic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become a mainstay of management of ocular pain and inflammation as a result of their anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic property and established safety record. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of topical NSAIDs in post-operative prevention of ocular inflammation, inhibition of intra-operative miosis, reduction of pain associated with cataract surgery and pre-operative use to prevent cystoid macular oedema. Studies have also indicated that NSAIDs and steroids act synergistically when administered together, and that a combination of steroid and NSAID therapy is recommended to achieve successful outcomes. With appropriate administration, NSAIDs are safe and effective therapeutic agents, which rarely result in serious local and systemic responses.
Ambrisentan for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results of the Ambrisentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy (ARIES) Study 1 and 2

Background— Ambrisentan is a propanoic acid–based, A-selective endothelin receptor antagonist for the once-daily treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods and Results— Ambrisentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy Study 1 and 2 (ARIES-1 and ARIES-2) were concurrent, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that randomized 202 and 192 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively, to placebo or ambrisentan (ARIES-1, 5 or 10 mg; ARIES-2, 2.5 or 5 mg) orally once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end point for each study was change in 6-minute walk distance from baseline to week 12. Clinical worsening, World Health Organization functional class, Short Form-36 Health Survey score, Borg dyspnea score, and B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations also were assessed. In addition, a long-term extension study was performed. The 6-minute walk distance increased in all ambrisentan groups; mean placebo-corrected treatment effects were 31 m (P=0.008) and 51 m (P<0.001) in ARIES-1 for 5 and 10 mg ambrisentan, respectively, and 32 m (P=0.022) and 59 m (P<0.001) in ARIES-2 for 2.5 and 5 mg ambrisentan, respectively. Improvements in time to clinical worsening (ARIES-2), World Health Organization functional class (ARIES-1), Short Form-36 score (ARIES-2), Borg dyspnea score (both studies), and B-type natriuretic peptide (both studies) were observed. No patient treated with ambrisentan developed aminotransferase concentrations >3 times the upper limit of normal. In 280 patients completing 48 weeks of treatment with ambrisentan monotherapy, the improvement from baseline in 6-minute walk at 48 weeks was 39 m. Conclusions— Ambrisentan improves exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Improvements were observed for several secondary end points in each of the studies, although statistical significance was more variable. Ambrisentan is well tolerated and is associated with a low risk of aminotransferase abnormalities.
Autopsy Findings in Malaria cases; a Hospital Based Study

Introduction: Malaria is a huge health care burden in terms of mo rtality and morbidity worldwide. There has been evidence in the literature where many unexpected/un explained deaths turned out to be related to malari a in endemic regions. Autopsy study of cases with unexplained fe ver are turn out to be malarial death. Method: This study included 598 cases of autopsy. H&E staining, bleach ing techniques and pearl’s stain were used to ident ify malarial pigments in suspected cases. Results: In present study out of 598 autopsy cases, 12 cas es were diagnosed having death due to malaria. All cases showed significant splenomegaly and microscopic examination of submitt ed organs showed presence of malarial pigments. Conclusion: In malaria endemic areas death due to unexplained fever, jaundice or severe hepato-splenomegaly should be cr itically investigated.
CXCR4/fusin Is Not a Species-specific Barrier in Murine Cells for HIV-1 Entry

Since some murine cells expressing human CD4 fail to internalize HIV-1, another block was thought to be located at the level of viral entry in addition to CD4. Recently, CXCR4 was shown to function as a coreceptor for T cell line-tropic HIV-1 entry. Here we demonstrated that cells expressing murine CXCR4 and human CD4 fused with cells expressing the env proteins derived from T cell line-tropic HIV-1 and were infected with T cell line-tropic HIV-1 strains. In contrast, the same cells were not infected with chimeric clones constructed by substitution of monocyte- or macrophage-tropic strain-derived env region or V3 region into T cell line-tropic HIV-1, indicating V3 loop of envelope protein is required for murine CXCR4mediated HIV-1 entry. We conclude that murine CXCR4 is not a species specific barrier to the entry of T cell line-tropic HIV-1.
A novel vibratory stimulation-based occlusal splint for alleviation of TMD painful symptoms: a pilot study.

This pilot study introduces a novel vibratory stimulation-based occlusal splint (VibOS) for management of pain related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The study sample consisted of 10 patients (mean age: 40·5 ± 13·7 years, male/female: 3/7) who were using stabilisation splints for more than 2 months prior to the study onset and still complained of pain. Patients utilised the active and inactive VibOS during 15 days in a crossover designed clinical trial. The analysed variables were self-reported VAS pain levels and number of painful sites to palpation (PSP). Statistical analysis was performed with repeated measures anova. At baseline, mean VAS pain levels for group I and II were 45·6 ± 21·0 mm and 37·4 ± 16·3 mm, respectively. Comparison between these baseline values showed no statistical difference (P > 0·05, unpaired t-test). In group I, the inactive VibOS caused a slight increase in VAS pain levels, whereas the active VibOS promoted a significant decrease in VAS pain levels and PSP (P < 0·01). In group II, which received the active VibOS first, a significant decrease in VAS levels (P < 0·05) and in PSP (P < 0·01) was observed. No significant decrease in VAS pain levels or PSP (P > 0·05) was observed with the use of the inactive VibOS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a good tendency of this novel VibOS in the alleviation of painful symptoms related to TMD after a 15-day management period compared to control VibOS.
Attitude and Beliefs of Traditional Birth Attendants to Prematurely Erupted Teeth of Infants in Urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan, Nigeria

Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) can be invaluable in assisting to dispel myths commonly associated with natal/neonatal teeth. To ensure correct delivery of the message, baseline data of their beliefs is important. To assess the attitude and beliefs of some Nigerian TBAs to prematurely erupted teeth in infants, a total enumeration of the TBAs in the five urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan was conducted and 163 consenting TBAs were recruited using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The attitude of the TBAs was that of fear and shock (35.6%) while 30 (18.4%) will consider the child weird. Perceived causes of the variation include evil spirits (31.9%), contravening cultural taboos (9.2%), and prolonged gestation (4.9%). Beliefs on the effect of natal/neonatal teeth on the child include strange behavior (31.3%), child developing evil spiritual powers (41.1%), and mental retardation (3.1%). Practices included advising parents to get rid of/or hide the child (4.9%) and immediate extraction of the teeth with/without sacrifices (35.6%). There is an urgent need to address knowledge gaps by giving health education to TBAs.
Spontaneous abortion: expectant management, medical treatment or surgical evacuation

P-progesterone and p-hCG were measured at day 1 and p-hCG again at days 8 and 14. All women were offered diclofenac 100mg rectally for pain relief at day 1. A US examination was conducted at day 8. If the US demonstrated an anterior–posterior diameter 15mm or a gestational sac was visible, a repeat US was conducted at day 14. If at day 14 the US was unchanged or the anterior–posterior diameter was 15mm, SE or (in case of primary evacuation) re-evacuation was done. The participants were asked to return by mail a questionnaire covering treatment-related issues after 21days. The study was approved by the Scientific Ethical Committee of Copenhagen County (KA 99114s). Test of significance was calculated by the c2-test. Length of bleeding was tested also with the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Level of significance was set at 5%.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND CONDITION FACTOR OF Aorichthys aor(HAMILTON-BUCHANAN) IN LOWER REACHES OF RIVER BRAHMAPUTRA

The studies were conducted during 2008–2010 to evaluate length-weight relationship and condition factor of Aorichthys aor in lower reaches of River Brahmaputra. 750 nos of fishes having weight of 20g to 1250 g and total length of 10 cm to 55 cm were recorded. The Cube law or Length–weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.00352 L3.246. The coefficient of correlation (r) between observed length & weight and calculated length & weight was 0.96 and 0.93 respectively, which indicated highly significant relationship between length and weight. The exponent (b) value obtained indicating the positive allometric growth pattern. The relative condition factor (Kn) value was found higher in fishes of above 650 g weight groups.
A Summary of Research Targeted at Computer-Aided Decision Support in Endoscopy of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Today, medical endoscopy is a widely used procedure to inspect the inner cavities of the human body. The advent of endoscopic imaging techniques – allowing the acquisition of images or videos – created the possibility for the development of the whole new branch of computer-aided decision support systems. Such systems aim at helping physicians to identify possibly malignant abnormalities more accurately. At the beginning of this work we give a brief introduction to the history of endoscopy, followed by introducing the main types of endoscopes which emerged so far (flexible endoscope, wireless capsule endoscope, and confocal laser endomicroscope), followed by an overview of systems developed to assist medical experts but not aiming at diagnosis support. We then give a brief introduction to computer-aided decision support systems specifically targeted at endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract. Then, after presenting general facts and figures concerning computer-aided decision support systems, we summarize work specifically targeted at computer-aided decision support in the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose we present the research activities grouped into coarse categories with respect to the the part of the gastrointestinal tract and the pathology the respective approach is targeted at. This summary is followed by a discussion of some common issues concerning the approaches reviewed and suggestions of possible ways to resolve them.
Distributed control of positive systems

Stabilization and optimal control is studied for state space systems with nonnegative coefficients (positive systems). In particular, we show that a stabilizing distributed feedback controller, when it exists, can be computed using linear programming. The same methods are also used to minimize the closed loop input-output gain. An example devoted to distributed control of a vehicle platoon is examined.
Assessment of dysarthric speech: a case for a combined perceptual and physiological approach

Traditionally, the assessment of dysarthric speech has mainly involved the use of perceptual evaluation measures. The inherent inadequacies of this method of assessment have resulted in the development of a range of instrumental assessment techniques to provide more objective analyses of the underlying physiological impairments of the speech apparatus in individuals with a dysarthric speech disturbance. The aim of the current study was to highlight the importance of a combined approach to the assessment of dysarthria with reference to two case studies of individuals with dysarthric speech: a 32-year-old adult who suffered a severe closed head injury and a nine-year-old child who experienced a cerebrovascular accident involving the basilar artery. Each subject was assessed using a battery of perceptual and physiological techniques. The results for each case indicated that instrumental measures were effective in identifying the severity and nature of the underlying physiological impairments in the various subsystems of the speech mechanism, and highlighted the importance of verifying perceptual judgements with instrumental measures. The results are discussed in relation to the value of a combined perceptual and physiological approach in determining an accurate evaluation and diagnosis of the dysarthric speech impairment and in defining appropriate treatment goals.
Relationship of Ki-ras mutations in colon cancers to tumor location, stage, and survival: a population-based study.

Some previous studies have demonstrated significant results between Ki-ras mutations and tumor stage, survival, and/or other clinical variables, whereas others have not. We therefore evaluated the significance of codons 12 and 13 Ki-ras mutations in a large population-based study of 1413 individuals with colon cancer. Ki-ras mutations were identified in approximately 32% of tumors. Codon 12 mutations were significantly more common in proximal than distal tumors (29.1% versus 20.5%; P < 0.01) and in tumors of advanced stage. Tumors from men were more likely to have transition mutations and codon 12 G-->A mutations. After adjusting for age and stage, the codon 13 G-->A mutation was associated with a 40% (95% confidence interval, 0.95-2.0) increase in short-term mortality from colon cancer. In conclusion, this population-based study demonstrates important relationships between Ki-ras mutations and stage, survival, tumor location, and gender.
Two-Target Algorithms for Infinite-Armed Bandits with Bernoulli Rewards

We consider an infinite-armed bandit problem with Bernoulli rewards. The mean rewards are independent, uniformly distributed over [0,1]. Rewards 0 and 1 are referred to as a success and a failure, respectively. We propose a novel algorithm where the decision to exploit any arm is based on two successive targets, namely, the total number of successes until the first failure and until the first m failures, respectively, where m is a fixed parameter. This two-target algorithm achieves a long-term average regret in √2n for a large parameter m and a known time horizon n. This regret is optimal and strictly less than the regret achieved by the best known algorithms, which is in 2√n. The results are extended to any mean-reward distribution whose support contains 1 and to unknown time horizons. Numerical experiments show the performance of the algorithm for finite time horizons.
Moral Judgment of Residents of a Maximum Security Correctional Facility

Summary While much attention has been directed toward the moral development of students and adults, relatively little is known about the moral judgment of prison residents. In this study, the moral reasoning of 30 male residents in a maximum security prison was measured by the Defining Issues Test. Overall, their orientation toward “principled” moral reasoning did not differ from that found in many nonincarcerated samples. They were predominantly oriented toward law and order morality, the morality of “being good,” and the support of relative rules, democracy, and the “social contract. ” They were, however, not exceptionally oriented toward any single stage.
Diabetes mellitus in a population of 180,000 insured dogs: incidence, survival, and breed distribution.

BACKGROUND Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy with an unclear etiology. For a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, there is a need for comprehensive epidemiologic studies. Earlier studies have shown that the risk of disease is higher in certain dog breeds. HYPOTHESIS Incidence, age of onset, survival and sex proportion of DM vary by breed. ANIMALS Data from a cohort of 182,087 insured dogs aged 5-12 years accounting for 652,898 dog-years at risk were studied retrospectively. METHODS Incidence rates by sex, breed, and geography were calculated with exact denominators. Age-specific incidence and survival after 1st DM claim were computed with Cox's regression and Kaplan-Meier survival function. Multivariable survival analysis was performed for the outcome diagnosis of DM with age, sex, and geography tested as fixed effects, previous endocrine or pancreatic diseases tested as time-dependent covariates, and breed tested as a random effect. RESULTS The mean age at 1st insurance claim for the 860 DM dogs (72% females) was 8.6 years. The incidence of DM was 13 cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk. Australian Terriers, Samoyeds, Swedish Elkhounds, and Swedish Lapphunds were found to have the highest incidence. The proportion of females with DM varied significantly among breeds. Swedish Elkhounds, Beagles, Norwegian Elkhounds, and Border Collies that developed DM were almost exclusively females. The multivariable model showed that breed, previous hyperadrenocorticism, and female sex were risk factors for developing DM. Median survival time was 57 days after 1st claim. Excluding the 223 dogs that died within 1 day, the median survival time was 2 years after 1st claim of DM. CONCLUSION The significant breed-specific sex and age differences shown in this study indicate that genetic variation could make breeds more or less susceptible to different types of DM.
Comparative serum bactericidal activities of three doses of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously

The pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of three intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were studied comparatively in 30 patients. Single 200-, 300-, and 400-mg intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were given over 30 min to 10 patients each, and serum samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h after the start of the infusion. Serum drug concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using noncompartmental analysis methods. Serum bactericidal activity against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined for samples obtained at 0.5, 4, 8, and 12 h. Excellent activity was demonstrated up to 12 h by all doses against E. coli and E. cloacae. Much poorer titers were observed for the remaining organisms, although the 400-mg dose prompted improved results against P. aeruginosa with a mean bactericidal titer of 1:2.9 at 8 h. In conclusion, while the 200-mg dose appears to be largely adequate for infections caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, it seems that when P. aeruginosa is involved, 400 mg twice a day or even three times a day is more appropriate. Intravenous ciprofloxacin performs poorly against A. calcoaceticus and S. aureus, even at a higher dose.
The Use of Waterworks Sludge for the Treatment of Dye Wastes

Water treatment works using coagulation/flocculation in the process stream will generate a waste sludge. The works in Adana, Turkey uses ferric chloride. The potential for using this sludge for the treatment of reactive, direct, disperse, acidic, and basic dyestuffs by coagulation and sorption has been investigated. The sludge acted as a coagulant and removed colour with excellent removal efficiencies being obtained for basic, disperse and direct dyes. The optimum conditions were a pH value of 5 and a sludge dose of 2000 mgl−1. Mediocre results were obtained for acidic and reactive dyes. The efficiency of the sludge was also compared with alum and ferric chloride for the same group of dyes. The sludge was also used as a coagulant to treat the wastewater from a textile factory. At doses of 2000-4000 mg l−1, the sludge was as effective as ferric chloride and alum at removing COD. Sorption tests showed that the disperse and reactive dyes did not bind to the sludge. Langmuir and Freundlich constants were determined for the other three types of dye. Rate constants for the adsorption were determined using the Lagergren equation.
Child Sexual Abuse: A School Leadership Issue

Abstract Child Sexual Abuse is a growing epidemic. In the United States, 1 in 6 boys and 1 in 4 girls will be sexually abused before reaching adulthood. From a legal standpoint, inappropriate sexual relations between a faculty/staff member and a student are a growing national concern. In 1991, the Supreme Court heard the Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1991) case, and determined the school was in violation of Title IX. What the courts did not determine was the relationship of this case to child sexual abuse. Stopping these relationships from occurring at school is a School Leadership Issue.
Self-regulation involves more than metacognition: A social cognitive perspective

The issues that Winne found troubling about student failures to self-regulate effectively were considered from a social cognitive perspective. From this viewpoint, self-regulation involves more than metacognitive knowledge and skill, it involves an underlying sense of self-efficacy and personal agency and the motivational and behavioral processes to put these self beliefs into effect. Views of self-regulated learning that do not include this core self-referential system have difficulty explaining human failures to self-regulate, especially when such efforts are known metacognitively to be helpful. To explain students' self-regulation failures as well as their successes in naturalistic settings, educational psychologists need to expand their views of self-regulation beyond metacognitive trait, ability, or stage formulations and begin treating it as a complex interactive process involving social, motivational, and behavioral components. Such a perspective reveals not only the complexity of self-regulation b.
Finite Element Simulation of a Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail System

Computer simulation of vehicle collisions has improved significantly over the past decade. With advances in computer technology, nonlinear finite element codes, and material models, full-scale simulation of such complex dynamic interactions is becoming ever more possible. In this study, an explicit three-dimensional nonlinear finite element code, LS-DYNA, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of computer simulations to supplement full-scale crash testing. After a failed crash test on a strong-post guardrail system, LS-DYNA is used to simulate the system, determine the potential problems with the design, and develop an improved system that has the potential to satisfy current crash test requirements. After accurately simulating the response behavior of the full-scale crash test, a second simulation study is performed on the system with improved details. Simulation results indicate that the system performs much better compared to the original design.