Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience in the exchange of procedural shape models using ISO 10303 (STEP)

The international standard ISO 10303 (STEP) is being extended to permit the exchange of procedurally defined shape models, with additional parameterization and constraint information, between CAD systems. The transfer of parameterized assembly models is an additional objective. Most of the essential new resources have already been published by ISO, and the remainder are well advanced in the standardization process. Because these are new capabilities, at present not quite complete, there are at present no commercial STEP translators making use of them. However, several proof-of-concept trials have been performed or are in progress, using development versions of the STEP documentation. This paper reports in some detail on one of those trials, and comments on the experience gained. The conclusion is that the standardized exchange of CAD models containing 'design intent' information has been successfully demonstrated, but that the development of translators for that purpose is not an easy task. One particular problem area is pinpointed, where further research is needed to find ways of improving the efficiency of such exchanges.
Communities and hospitals: social capital, community accountability, and service provision in U.S. community hospitals.

OBJECTIVES The study related community social capital to the level of community accountability and provision of community-oriented services in U.S. community hospitals. STUDY SETTING The sample included 1,383 community hospitals that participated in the 1997 American Hospital Association's (AHA) Hospital Annual and Governance Surveys. DATA SOURCES (1) The 1997 AHA Annual Hospital Survey, (2) the 1997 AHA Hospital Governance Survey, (3) the DDB Needham Market Facts Survey, (4) the 1996 County Election Data File, and (5) the 1998 Area Resource File. RESEARCH DESIGN The study used a mix of longitudinal and cross-sectional data. KEY FINDINGS We identified two distinct indicators of social capital-community participation and voting participation. Community accountability in hospitals was unrelated to either indicator. Hospitals' provision of community-oriented health services was negatively associated with community participation but unrelated with voting participation. The interaction between voting participation and community representation on hospital governance was positively associated with community accountability and provision of community-oriented health services. CONCLUSION Neither community participation nor voting participation was sufficient to influence hospital behavior. The positive finding associated with the interaction between voting participation and community representation on hospital governance underscored the importance of an active political culture in influencing hospital behavior, without which the installation of community representatives on hospital governance might be more symbolic than actually serving the health concerns of community residents.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and correlation of urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 with blood hemoglobin A1C in the Atascosa Diabetes Study.

INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in the Atascosa Diabetes Study sample and to ascertain the relationship between urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and blood hemoglobin (Hgb) A1C. METHODS Subjects (N = 526) classified as adjusted normal, at risk, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus were given a one-hour and two-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) test. Morning urine samples were collected to test for a correlation of TGF-beta1 with blood HgbA1C. RESULTS Of the subjects, 14.3% had diabetes, 31.6% had prediabetes, 7.9% were at risk, and 46.2% were adjusted normal. Sensitivity and specificity for one-hour PPG for prediabetes and diabetes were significant, with an efficiency of 80.2%-90.9% and a likelihood ratio of 4.7-10.2. Receiver operating characteristic analysis resulted in an area under the curve of . 880 +/- . 016 for one hour to prediabetes and diabetes and . 960 +/- . 016 for one hour to diabetes. Prediabetes was 1.07 times more prevalent in Hispanics, but diabetes was 1.65 times greater in Whites. Urinary TGF-beta1 was more than fivefold higher in poorly controlled versus controlled diabetic or normal subjects and had a significant positive correlation with HgbA1C. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of subjects with type 2 diabetes was 1.64 times higher than the national average. Prevalence of prediabetes was equivalent in Hispanics and Whites, and the reversal for diabetes might reflect higher mortality rate from diabetes in Hispanics in Atascosa County. Use of one-hour PPG and urine markers for early kidney involvement could improve this disparity in such high-risk populations.
Gingival recession and associated factors in a homogeneous Mexican adult male population: A cross-sectional study

Background: Diverse variables are implicated in the pathogenesis of gingival recession; more detailed knowledge about the relationship between the clinical presentation of gingival recession and assorted risk indicators may lead to improved patient monitoring, early intervention, and subsequent prevention. The objective was to evaluate clinically gingival recession in a homogeneous Mexican adult male population and to determine the strength of association with related factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a largely homogeneous group in terms of ethnic background, socioeconomic status, gender, occupation, and medical/dental insurance, in Campeche, Mexico. Periodontal examinations were undertaken to determine diverse clinical dental variables. All periodontal clinical examinations were assessed using the Florida Probe System, a dental chair and one examiner. Questionnaires were used to collect diverse risk indicators. Statistical analyses were undertaken with negative binomial regression models. Results: The mean number of sites with gingival recession per subject was 6.73±5.81; the prevalence was 87.6%. In the negative binomial regression model we observed that for (i) each year of age, and (ii) each percentage unit of increase in sites with plaque, and (iii) with suppuration, mean sites with gingival recession increased 2.9%, 1.0% and 13.0%, respectively. Having a spouse was associated with gingival recession. Conclusions: We observed association between gingival recession, and sociodemographic and clinical parameters. Patients need to be educated about risk indicators for gingival recession as well as the preventive maneuvers that may be implemented to minimize its occurrence. The potential of improved oral self-care to prevent a largely benign condition such as gingival recession is important, given the associated disorders that may ensue root exposure, such as root caries and root hypersensitivity. Key words:Oral health, periodontal health, gingival recession, adults, Mexico.
The Impact of Pre‐Salt Rift Topography on Salt Tectonics: A Discrete‐Element Modeling Approach

Gravity‐driven salt tectonics along passive margins is commonly depicted as comprising domains of updip extension and downdip contraction linked by an intermediate, broadly undeformed zone of translation. This study expands on recently published physical models using discrete‐element modeling to demonstrate how salt‐related translation over pre‐salt rift structures produce complex deformation and distribution of structural styles in translational salt provinces. Rift geometries defined by horsts and tilted fault‐blocks generate base‐salt relief affecting salt flow, diapirism and overburden deformation. Models show how flow across pairs of tilted fault‐blocks and variably‐dipping base‐salt ramps associated with pre‐salt faults and footwalls produce abrupt flux variations that result in alternation of contractional and extensional domains. Translation over tilted fault‐blocks defined by basinward‐dipping normal faults results in wide, low amplitude inflation zones above footwalls and abrupt subsidence over steep fault‐scarps, with reactive diapirs that are squeezed and extrude salt as they move over the fault. Translation over tilted‐blocks defined by landward‐dipping faults produces narrow inflation zones over steep fault‐scarps and overall greater contraction and less diapirism. As salt and cover move downdip, structures translate over different structural domains, being inverted and/or growing asymmetrically. Our models allow, for the first time, a detailed evolution of these systems in cross‐section and demonstrate the effects of variable pre‐salt relief, salt sub‐basin connectivity, width and slope of base‐salt ramps. Results are applicable to syn‐ and post‐rift salt basins; ultimately improving understanding of the effects of base‐salt relief on salt tectonics and working as a guide for interpretation of complex salt deformation.
Neural Responses to Multimodal Ostensive Signals in 5-Month-Old Infants

Infants' sensitivity to ostensive signals, such as direct eye contact and infant-directed speech, is well documented in the literature. We investigated how infants interpret such signals by assessing common processing mechanisms devoted to them and by measuring neural responses to their compounds. In Experiment 1, we found that ostensive signals from different modalities display overlapping electrophysiological activity in 5-month-old infants, suggesting that these signals share neural processing mechanisms independently of their modality. In Experiment 2, we found that the activation to ostensive signals from different modalities is not additive to each other, but rather reflects the presence of ostension in either stimulus stream. These data support the thesis that ostensive signals obligatorily indicate to young infants that communication is directed to them.
Reliable Multicast in Multi-Access Wireless LANs

Multicast is an efficient paradigm for transmitting data from a sender to a group of receivers. In this paper, we focus on multicast in single channel multi-access wireless local area networks (LANs) comprising several small cells. In such a system, a receiver cannot correctly receive a packet if two or more packets are sent to it at the same time, because the packets “collide”. Therefore, one has to ensure that only one node sends at a time. We look at two important issues. First, we consider the problem of the sender acquiring the multi-access channel for multicast transmission. Second, for reliable multicast in each cell of the wireless LAN, we examine ARQ-based approaches. The second issue is important because the wireless link error rates can be very high.We present a new approach to overcome the problem of feedback collision in single channel multi-access wireless LANs, both for the purpose of acquiring the channel and for reliability. Our approach involves the election of one of the multicast group members (receivers) as a “leader” or representative for the purpose of sending feedback to the sender. For reliable multicast, on erroneous reception of a packet, the leader does not send an acknowledgment, prompting a retransmission. On erroneous reception of the packet at receivers other than the leader, our protocol allows negative acknowledgments from these receivers to collide with the acknowledgment from the leader, thus destroying the acknowledgment and prompting the sender to retransmit the packet.Using analytical models, we demonstrate that the leader-based protocol exhibits higher throughput in comparison to two other protocols which use traditional delayed feedback-based probabilistic methods. Last, we present a simple scheme for leader election.
A comparison of metadata extraction techniques for crowdsourced bibliographic metadata management

Social research networks such as Mendeley and CiteULike offer various services for collaboratively managing bibliographic metadata and uploading textual artifacts. One core problem thereby is the extraction of bibliographic metadata from the textual artifacts. Our work investiages the use of Conditional Random Fields and Support Vector Machines, implemented in two state-of-the-art real-world systems, namely ParsCit and the Mendeley Desktop, for automatically extracting bibliographic metadata. We compare the systems' accuracy on two newly created real-world data sets gathered from Mendeley and Linked-Open-Data repositories. Our analysis shows that two-stage SVMs provide reasonable performance in solving the challenge of metadata extraction from user-provided textual artifacts.
Elimination trees and the construction of pools and stacks: preliminary version

Shared pools and stacks are two coordination structures with a history of applications ranging from simple producer/consumer buffers to job-schedulers and procedure stacks. This paper introduces elimination trees, a novel form of diffracting trees that offer pool and stack implementations with superior response (on average constant) under high loads, while guaranteeing logarithmic time “deterministic” termination under sparse request patterns. Dan Touitou
Expression and regulation of NFAT (nuclear factors of activated T cells) in human CD34+ cells: down‐regulation upon myeloid differentiation

The calcineurin‐dependent, cyclosporin A (CsA)‐sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) represents a group of proteins, which is well‐characterized as a central regulatory element of cytokine expression in activated T cells. In contrast, little is known about the expression or function of NFAT family members in myeloid cells; moreover, it is unclear whether they are expressed by hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Here, we show that NFATc2 (NFAT1) is expressed at high levels in CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes but not in cells committed to the neutrophilic, monocytic, or erythroid lineages. Cytokine‐induced in vitro differentiation of CD34+ cells into neutrophil granulocytes results in the rapid suppression of NFATc2 RNA and protein. NFATc2 dephosphorylation/rephosphorylation as well as nuclear/cytoplasmic translocation in CD34+ cells follow the same calcineurin‐dependent pattern as in T lymphocytes, suggesting that NFATc2 activation in these cells is equally sensitive to inhibition with CsA. Finally, in vitro proliferation, but not differentiation, of CD34+ cells cultured in the presence of fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), stem cell factor, granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interleukin‐3, and G‐CSF is profoundly inhibited by treatment with CsA in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest a novel and unexpected role for members of the NFAT transcription factor family in the hematopoietic system.
P-selectin mediates spontaneous leukocyte rolling in vivo.

Rolling represents the initial step leading to leukocyte extravasation from blood vessels during an inflammatory reaction. In vitro studies indicate that P-selectin could be one of the ligands on endothelium involved in the rolling phenomenon, although the molecular determinants responsible for this transient attachment in vivo are still undefined. Our objectives were to develop a blocking monoclonal antibody against canine P-selectin and to use it to investigate the role of P-selectin in leukocyte rolling in vivo using the technique of intravital microscopy. P-selectin was immunoaffinity purified from canine platelets and used for the production of monoclonal antibodies. One of the hybridomas generated, MD6, was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by flow cytometry to bind preferentially to stimulated platelets and to completely prevent binding of stimulated platelets to neutrophils. Visualization of canine mesenteric venules by intravital microscopy showed that administration of MD6 resulted in a marked inhibition in the number of rolling leukocytes (18.96 +/- 9.92 v 156.40 +/- 19.50 leukocytes/min, P < .05; 88.3% +/- 6.0% inhibition). Control antibody MD3 (which recognizes a nonfunctional epitope of canine P-selectin) had no effect on the number of rolling leukocytes or on their rolling velocity. These results show for the first time that P-selectin plays an essential role in leukocyte rolling in vivo, and therefore may be a key participant of the inflammatory response.
Comparative study of carpal tunnel compliance in the human, dog, rabbit, and rat

The purpose of this study was to measure the compliance of the carpal tunnel in candidate animal models of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), by measuring the resistance when passing a tapered metal rod through the carpal tunnel. Forepaws from 10 dogs, 10 rabbits, and 10 rats with intact carpal tunnels, and 10 fresh frozen human wrist cadavers were used. The slopes of the linear part of the force‐displacement curve (a measure of stiffness), normal force, and increasing area ratio (InAR) were significantly different among the four species (p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated that the mean slopes for the human carpal tunnel were the largest, indicating the least compliance, whereas those of the rat were the least (p < 0.05). The features of the compliance for the dog carpal tunnel were closest to the human. The development of animal models of CTS should consider the compliance of the carpal tunnel, as it will be more difficult to increase pressure in a more compliant tunnel. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:652–656, 2010
Finitary Corecursion for the Infinitary Lambda Calculus

Kurz et al. have recently shown that infinite $\lambda$-trees with finitely many free variables modulo $\alpha$-equivalence form a final coalgebra for a functor on the category of nominal sets. Here we investigate the rational fixpoint of that functor. We prove that it is formed by all rational $\lambda$-trees, i.e. those $\lambda$-trees which have only finitely many subtrees (up to isomorphism). This yields a corecursion principle that allows the definition of operations such as substitution on rational $\lambda$-trees.
Importance of RpoS and Dps in Survival of Exposure of Both Exponential- and Stationary-Phase Escherichia coliCells to the Electrophile N-Ethylmaleimide

ABSTRACT The mechanisms by which Escherichia coli cells survive exposure to the toxic electrophile N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) have been investigated. Stationary-phase E. coli cells were more resistant to NEM than exponential-phase cells. The KefB and KefC systems were found to play an important role in protecting both exponential- and stationary-phase cells against NEM. Additionally, RpoS and the DNA-binding protein Dps aided the survival of both exponential- and stationary-phase cells against NEM. Double mutants lacking both RpoS and Dps and triple mutants deficient in KefB and KefC and either RpoS or Dps had an increased sensitivity to NEM in both exponential- and stationary-phase cells compared to mutants missing only one of these protective mechanisms. Stationary- and exponential-phase cells of a quadruple mutant lacking all four protective systems displayed even greater sensitivity to NEM. These results indicated that protection by the KefB and KefC systems, RpoS and Dps can each occur independently of the other systems. Alterations in the level of RpoS in exponentially growing cells correlated with the degree of NEM sensitivity. Decreasing the level of RpoS by enriching the growth medium enhanced sensitivity to NEM, whereas a mutant lacking the ClpP protease accumulated RpoS and gained high levels of resistance to NEM. A slower-growing E. coli strain was also found to accumulate RpoS and had enhanced resistance to NEM. These data emphasize the multiplicity of pathways involved in protecting E. coli cells against NEM.
Improving Distributional Semantic Vectors through Context Selection and Normalisation

Distributional semantic models (DSMs) have been effective at representing semantics at the word level, and research has recently moved on to building distributional representations for larger segments of text. In this paper, we introduce novel ways of applying context selection and normalisation to vary model sparsity and the range of values of the DSM vectors. We show how these methods enhance the quality of the vectors and thus result in improved low dimensional and composed representations. We demonstrate these effects on standard word and phrase datasets, and on a new definition retrieval task and dataset.
Towards the Identification of Cross-Cutting Concerns: A Comprehensive Dynamic Approach Based on Execution Relations

Aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) helps to solve the problem of low scalability and high maintenance costs of legacy systems caused by code scattering and tangling by extracting cross-cutting concerns and inserting them into aspects. Identifying the cross-cutting concerns of legacy systems is the key to reconstructing such systems using the approach of AOSD. However, current dynamic approaches to the identification of cross-cutting concerns simply check the methods’ execution sequence, but do not consider their calling context, which may cause low precision. In this paper, we propose an improved comprehensive approach to the identification of candidate cross-cutting concerns of legacy systems based on the combination of the analysis of recurring execution relations and fan-ins. We first analyse the execution trace with a given test case and identify four types of execution relations for neighbouring methods: exit-entry, entry-exit, entry-entry and exit-exit. Afterwards, we measure the methods’ left cross-cutting degrees and right cross-cutting degrees. The former ensures that the candidate recurs in a similar running context, whereas the latter indicates how many times the candidate crosscuts different methods. The final candidates are then obtained from those high fan-in methods, which not only cross-cut others more times than a predefined threshold, but are always entered or left under the same running context. The experiment conducted on three open source systems shows that our approach improves the precision of identifying cross-cutting concerns compared with tradition ones. key words: cross-cutting concerns, aspects, execution relations, execution trace, running context, fan-in