Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatmenzt of PTSD in Severe Mental Illness: Results of a Pilot Study

There is a documented need for standardized treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (SMI), but no interventions have been shown to be effective for this population. To address this need we developed a 12- to 16-week individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) program for PTSD. The program includes psychoeducation, breathing retraining, and cognitive restructuring, with treatment closely coordinated with clients' community support treatment teams. A pilot study was conducted and included clients with PTSD and SMI (such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary clinical effectiveness of the program. Retention rate in the treatment was 86% with no serious adverse clinical events reported. Clinical outcomes were good, with reductions in PTSD diagnoses, based on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), from 100% at baseline to 64% at post-treatment and 50% at three-month follow-up. Clients also experienced significant reductions in the affect subscale (depression and anxiety) of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) from baseline to the three-month follow-up. The results support the feasibility and potential clinical effectiveness of the CBT program for PTSD in the SMI, and suggest the intervention should be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT LOAD HYPOTHESIS IN VOCABULARY ACQUISITION

EFL learners in two countries participated in two parallel experiments testing whether retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally is contingent on amount of task-induced involvement. Short- and long-term retention of ten unfamiliar words was investigated in three learning tasks (reading comprehension, comprehension plus filling in target words, and composition-writing with target words) with varying “involvement loads”—various combinations of need, search, and evaluation. Time-on-task, regarded as inherent to a task, differed among all three tasks. As predicted, amount of retention was related to amount of task-induced involvement load: Retention was highest in the composition task, lower in reading plus fill-in, and lowest in the reading. These results are discussed in light of the construct of task-induced involvement.
Normal placenta: gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging.

PURPOSE To establish the appearance of the normal placenta on dynamic, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients underwent MR imaging for suspected uterine (four patients) or placental (seven patients) abnormalities (but not placental insufficiency or intrauterine growth retardation). Unenhanced or gadolinium-enhanced, T1-weighted, fat suppressed, spoiled gradient-recalled-echo MR images and T2-weighted, half-Fourier, single-shot, spin-echo-train MR images were obtained. Two investigators retrospectively evaluated the images to determine the rate, pattern, and degree of placental contrast material enhancement with myometrial enhancement as a reference. RESULTS The diagnoses were normal placenta (six patients), abnormal placental position (four patients), and subchorionic hematoma (one patient). The placenta rapidly and intensely enhanced on images acquired immediately after contrast material administration and preceded substantial enhancement of the myometrium. Immediately postcontrast images showed closely packed 2-3-cm lobules of placental enhancement in third-trimester pregnancies and heterogeneous placental enhancement in second-trimester pregnancies. In all cases, placental enhancement became more homogeneous over time. The placenta could be readily distinguished from the myometrium. All neonates were healthy with no evidence of intrauterine growth retardation. CONCLUSION Normal placental enhancement is intense on immediately postcontrast images and precedes substantial myometrial enhancement. Third-trimester placentas exhibit a lobular pattern of enhancement, while second-trimester placentas exhibit heterogeneous enhancement.
On Improving the Balance between the Completion Time and Decoding Delay in Instantly Decodable Network Coded Systems

This paper studies the complicated interplay of the completion time (as a measure of throughput) and the decoding delay performance in instantly decodable network coded (IDNC) systems over wireless broadcast erasure channels with memory, and proposes two new algorithms that improve the balance between the completion time and decoding delay of broadcasting a block of packets. We first formulate the IDNC packet selection problem that provides joint control of the completion time and decoding delay as a statistical shortest path (SSP) problem. However, since finding the optimal packet selection policy using the SSP technique is computationally complex, we employ its geometric structure to find some guidelines and use them to propose two heuristic packet selection algorithms that can efficiently improve the balance between the completion time and decoding delay for broadcast erasure channels with a wide range of memory conditions. It is shown that each one of the two proposed algorithms is superior for a specific range of memory conditions. Furthermore, we show that the proposed algorithms achieve an improved fairness in terms of the decoding delay across all receivers.
Genes of the de novo and Salvage Biosynthesis Pathways of Vitamin B6 are Regulated under Oxidative Stress in the Plant Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Vitamin B6 is recognized as an important cofactor required for numerous metabolic enzymes, and has been shown to act as an antioxidant and play a role in stress responses. It can be synthesized through two different routes: salvage and de novo pathways. However, little is known about the possible function of the vitamin B6 pathways in the fungal plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Using genome walking, the de novo biosynthetic pathway genes; RsolPDX1 and RsolPDX2 and the salvage biosynthetic pathway gene, RsolPLR were sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequences of the three genes had high degrees of similarity to other fungal PDX1, PDX2, and PLR proteins and are closely related to other R. solani anastomosis groups. We also examined their regulation when subjected to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress inducers, the superoxide generator paraquat, or H2O2, and compared it to the well-known antioxidant genes, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The genes were differentially regulated with transcript levels as high as 33 fold depending on the gene and type of stress reflecting differences in the type of damage induced by ROS. Exogenous addition of the vitamers PN or PLP in culture medium significantly induced the transcription of the vitamin B6 de novo encoding genes as early as 0.5 hour post treatment (HPT). On the other hand, transcription of RsolPLR was vitamer-specific; a down regulation upon supplementation of PN and upregulation with PLP. Our results suggest that accumulation of ROS in R. solani mycelia is linked to transcriptional regulation of the three genes and implicate the vitamin B6 biosynthesis machinery in R. solani, similar to catalases and GST, as an antioxidant stress protector against oxidative stress.
Do Customers Identify with Our Website? The Effects of Website Identification on Repeat Purchase Intention

ABSTRACT An online retailer’s website acts as a focal point for a company’s online identity, not only encompassing the products and services offered but also presenting the aesthetic image and values of the company. Cultivating a strong company online identity helps differentiate one online retailer from another, attracts and retains customers to strengthen competitive advantage, and enhances brand, product, or service distinctions. Our study proposes that an online retailer’s website cultivates a particular identity that consumers may identify with to varying degrees. This identification with an online retailer’s web presence may generate repeat purchases from committed consumers, or even extra-role behaviors such as the creation and distribution of written, audio, and video content online. Website identification is proposed to be a representation of a consumer’s identification with his/her perception of an online retailer’s identity. Website identification is theorized to act as a mediating factor that unifies online purchase research streams with information systems, consumer behavior, and marketing, presenting new strategies for online retailers to assess and build a strong customer base. This study demonstrates that website identification provides a new theoretical perspective to understand online shopping behavior of committed customers. We recommend that online retailers promote website identification to attract and retain repeat customers by focusing on the attractiveness of the website and product offerings while maintaining a high degree of trust.
Exploring the consequences of pairing algorithms for binary stars

Knowledge of the binary population in stellar groupings provides important information about the outcome of the star forming process in different environments. Binarity is also a key ingredient in stellar population studies, and is a prerequisite for calibrating the binary evolution channels. In this paper we present an overview of several commonly used methods of pairing individual stars into binary systems, which we refer to as pairing functions. These pairing functions are frequently used by observers and computational astronomers, either for their mathematical convenience or because they roughly describe the expected outcome of the star forming process. We discuss the consequences of each pairing function for interpreting observations and numerical simulations. The binary fraction and mass ratio distribution generally depend strongly on the selection of the range in primary spectral type in a sample. The mass ratio distribution and binary fraction derived from a binarity survey among a mass-limited sample of targets is thus not representative of the population as a whole. Neither theory nor observations indicate that random pairing of binary components from the mass distribution, the simplest pairing function, is realistic. It is more likely that companion stars are formed in a disc around a star or that a pre-binary core fragments into two binary components. The results of our analysis are important for (i) the interpretation of the observed mass ratio distribution and binary fraction for a sample of stars; (ii) a range of possible initial condition algorithms for star cluster simulations; and (iii) how to distinguish between the different star formation scenarios.
Personal Resources Moderate the Relationship Between Work Stress and Psychological Strain of Submariners

Work stress and personal resources that protect against personal strain and psychological distress were surveyed in 78 Royal Australian Navy submariners. We hypothesized that work stress and distress would be greater for senior than junior ranks, for married than single personnel, and for submariners with few personal resources. We also hypothesized that distress, and the moderating effects of personal resources, would be greater at sea than ashore. Work stress and psychological distress were greater for senior than junior ranks, both at sea and ashore. As well, psychological distress was greater at sea than ashore, particularly for senior ranks, but was moderated by personal resources. These findings have important implications for improving work conditions and individual well-being for submariners.
Impact of Work Environmental Factors on Job Performance, Mediating Role of Work Motivation: A Study of Hotel Sector in England

The study tested the relationship between work environmental factors and job performance with work motivation and the extent to which this relationship is mediated by work motivation among a sample of hotel workers in England. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 254 hotel workers at twenty-five chain hotels in Bristol, England. The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between work environmental factors and job performance and that work motivation mediates the relationship between working conditions and job performance. The results also suggest that there is a significant relationship between work motivation and job performance of the hotel workers. The results point to the importance of working conditions and work motivation in explaining job performance of hotel workers in the framework of work environmental conditions and job performance. The limitations and implications and the study are also discussed.
Evidence for Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acids Participation in theNeuropharmacological Activity of Alpha- and Beta-Amyrin Acetate

We evaluated the neuropharmacological profile of acetylated alpha- and beta-amyrin (AcAMY) obtained by the acetylation of the isomeric mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. Male Swiss mice were administered with AcAMY (2.5, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.), and anticonvulsant (pentylenetrazole- and pilocarpine-induced convulsions), sedative (barbiturate-induced sleep and open field tests) and anxiolytic (elevated plus maze test) activities were studied. Results showed that AcAMY administered intraperitoneally or orally, protected the animals against penty- lenetetrazole- but not against pilocarpine-induced convulsions. The drug increased both the latency to the 1 st convulsion and the latency to death. The barbiturate-induced sleeping time was also increased, as well as the ethyl ether-induced sleeping time, confirming the sedative nature of AcAMY. The acute administration of AcAMY also produced an anx- iolytic effect. After the sub-chronic administration, both sedative and anxiolytic effects were manifested, at the two higher doses. Amino acids measurements in brain areas of mice treated with AcAMY (25 mg/kg, i.p., for 7 days) showed an 89% increase in tyrosine levels, in the hippocampus. In the striatum, tyrosine and taurine were increased by 97 and 79%, re- spectively, while decreases in the levels of aspartate, GABA and glutamate of 72, 55 and 60%, respectively were ob- served. In conclusion, our results showed that AcAMY presents sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties. Al- though the drug mechanism of action is not completely clarified, it seems to involve a decrease in excitatory amino acids and an increase of inhibitory amino acids. Furthermore, the GABAergic system may also play a role.
A New Clue to Transfer of Training

THREE hypotheses that are rather startling in relation to the theory of instruction are suggested by the results of a recent experiment in educational psychology. The problem, on which the writer has been working more or less informally for nearly ten years, is stated as follows: To what extent, if any, does the way in which one learns a generalization affect the probability of his recognizing a chance to use it? Pursuit of the problem has been kept alive by the haunting phenomena of persons who know but do not do what they know how to do. For example, persons who know that six times eight is forty-eight will often count to forty-eight to find the number of chairs in a room containing six rows of eight chairs each. Any reader can supply his own list of acquaintances who know sound theory in many fields but fail to apply that theory in managing. their own affairs. Discernment of the fact that, even in a field as abstract as mathematics, formation of a generalization can be, and often is, a sub-verbal process changed the groping for a new clue into a directed inquiry. The following assumption was adopted as a criterion: The best evidence that one possesses a generalization is behavior that would have been impossible without that generalization. For example, anyone who multiplies twenty-one by twenty-one to find the sum of the first twenty-one odd numbers possesses a rule, whether or not he can state that rule.
An Intelligent Algorithm for Software Effort Estimation

—The most significant activity in software development is to develop projects within confined time and budget. As accuracy plays a vital role for software system. Prediction of effort estimation is one of the critical tasks required for developing software. In this paper we perform the performance study of fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm to make an intelligent application for the purpose of predicting cost and time. On the basis of following parameters in terms of accuracy, memory used, search time, build time and error rate performance study of these two algorithms is accomplished. The above approach helps in the reduction of effort estimation for the efficient development of software.
Regulated vnd expression is required for both neural and glial specification in Drosophila.

The Drosophila embryonic CNS arises from the neuroectoderm, which is divided along the dorsal-ventral axis into two halves by specialized mesectodermal cells at the ventral midline. The neuroectoderm is in turn divided into three longitudinal stripes--ventral, intermediate, and lateral. The ventral nervous system defective, or vnd, homeobox gene is expressed from cellularization throughout early neural development in ventral neuroectodermal cells, neuroblasts, and ganglion mother cells, and later in an unrelated pattern in neurons. Here, in the context of the dorsal-ventral location of precursor cells, we reassess the vnd loss- and gain-of-function CNS phenotypes using cell specific markers. We find that over expression of vnd causes significantly more profound effects on CNS cell specification than vnd loss. The CNS defects seen in vnd mutants are partly caused by loss of progeny of ventral neuroblasts-the commissures are fused and the longitudinal connectives are aberrantly positioned close to the ventral midline. The commissural vnd phenotype is associated with defects in cells that arise from the mesectoderm, where the VUM neurons have pathfinding defects, the MP1 neurons are mis-specified, and the midline glia are reduced in number. vnd over expression results in the mis-specification of progeny arising from all regions of the neuroectoderm, including the ventral neuroblasts that normally express the gene. The CNS of embryos that over express vnd is highly disrupted, with weak longitudinal connectives that are placed too far from the ventral midline and severely reduced commissural formation. The commissural defects seen in vnd gain-of-function mutants correlate with midline glial defects, whereas the mislocalization of interneurons coincides with longitudinal glial mis-specification. Thus, Drosophila neural and glial specification requires that vnd expression by tightly regulated.
Why drug testing in elite sport does not work: Perceptual deterrence theory and the role of personal moral beliefs

Performance-enhancing drug use by elite athletes is a modern sporting and social concern. We applied a long-overdue theoretical framework, perceptual deterrence, to predicting the banned drug-use decisions of 116 elite Australian footballers and soccer players. The strongest influence on athletes' hypothetical decisions to use drugs was their personal moral beliefs and health concerns, each of which also mediated the relationship between drug testing and athletes' decisions to use banned substances. Drug testing had little influence on athletes' imagined drug use decisions, although there are athletes for whom legal sanctions are necessary. The results have important implications for the way in which authorities fund and frame future anti-drug initiatives; particularly the relationship between drug testing and athletes' personal moral beliefs.
Social Categories and Student Perceptions in High School Mathematics

The plans that adolescent boys and girls make about participating in senior mathematics courses and mathematics-related careers are often at odds with their actual mathematics achievements. In contrast to explanations relating plans to gender differences in mathematics performance, mathematics participation can be explained by expectancy-value models of academic choice, based on gendered self-perceptions, task perceptions, and value judgments. This study with Year 10 Australian students (N= 199) added to an expectancy-value model the students' current course levels that act as salient social categories. The results suggest that intervention programs need to target perceptions by girls and boys about mathematical talent, as well as making mathematics more useful and interesting to young adults. The findings raise further questions about the stratification of students into separate mathematics courses during the early years of high school.
The course of posttraumatic stress in children: examination of recovery trajectories following traumatic injury.

OBJECTIVE Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify patterns of posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) in children 6-16 years following accidental injury. The aims were to: (a) identify probable groups of children following distinct trajectories, and (b) identify risk factors affecting the probability of group membership. METHOD Children's Impact of Events Scale (n = 190) was used to assess PTSS up to 2 years post injury. Age, gender, type of injury, and preinjury behavior were assessed as risk factors. RESULTS Three distinct trajectory groups were identified: resilient (57%), elevated stress symptoms which recovered quickly (33%), and chronic (10%). Younger children were more likely to be in the recovery group. Those with serious injuries were more likely to be in the chronic group. Preinjury child behavior problems were predictive of recovery and high chronic symptoms. CONCLUSION Identification of distinct PTSS trajectory groups has implications for understanding the course and treatment of PTSS in children.
Collagenolytic and gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma of skin: comparison with normal skin

Summary Tissue from 54 histologically-identified basal cell carcinomas of the skin was obtained at surgery and assayed using a combination of functional and immunochemical procedures for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with collagenolytic activity and for MMPs with gelatinolytic activity. Collagenolytic enzymes included MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-8 (neutrophil collagenase) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). Gelatinolytic enzymes included MMP-2 (72-kDa gelatinase A/type IV collagenase) and MMP-9 (92-kDa gelatinase B/type IV collagenase). Inhibitors of MMP activity including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) were also assessed. All three collagenases and both gelatinases were detected immunochemically. MMP-1 appeared to be responsible for most of the functional collagenolytic activity while gelatinolytic activity reflected both MMP-2 and MMP-9. MMP inhibitor activity was also present, and appeared, based on immunochemical procedures, to reflect the presence of TIMP-1 but not TIMP-2. As a group, tumours identified as having aggressive-growth histologic patterns were not distinguishable from basal cell carcinomas with less aggressive-growth histologic patterns. In normal skin, the same MMPs were detected by immunochemical means. However, only low to undetectable levels of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities were present. In contrast, MMP inhibitor activity was comparable to that seen in tumour tissue. In previous studies we have shown that exposure of normal skin to epidermal growth factor in organ culture induces MMP up-regulation and activation. This treatment concomitantly induces stromal invasion by the epithelium (Varani et al (1995) Am J Pathol 146: 210–217; Zeigler et al (1996 b) Invasion Metastasis16: 11–18). Taken together with these previous data, the present findings allow us to conclude that the same profile of MMP/MMP inhibitors that is associated with stromal invasion in the organ culture model is expressed endogenously in basal cell carcinomas of skin. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign