Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis ARCP Protein, CSI1, Which Is Required for Microtubule Stability, Is Necessary for Root and Anther Development[W]

Cellulose synthase-interactive protein1 (CSI1) was previously shown to interact with cellulose synthase and is required for cellulose biosynthesis. This article identifies CSI1 as a novel microtubule binding protein and demonstrates its pivotal role in microtubule stability and anther development. Armadillo repeat-containing proteins (ARCPs) are conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms and function in various processes. Regulation of microtubule stability by ARCPs exists widely in mammals and algae, but little is known in plants. Here, we present the functional characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana ARCP, which was previously identified as Cellulose synthase-interactive protein1 (CSI1), and prove its crucial role in anther and root development. CSI1 is highly expressed in floral tissues, and knockout mutants of CSI1 (three allelic lines) accordingly exhibit defective anther dehiscence, which can be partially rescued by mammalian microtubule-stabilizer MAP4, suggesting that CSI1 functions by stabilizing the microtubular cytoskeleton. CSI1 binds microtubules in vitro, and immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed the physical interactions between CSI1 and microtubules in vivo. Analysis using oryzalin, a microtubule-disrupting drug, further revealed the destabilized microtubules under CSI1 deficiency and confirmed the crucial role of CSI1 in microtubule stability. The dynamic change of CSI1 in response to dehydration strongly suggests the important function of CSI1 in dehydration-induced microtubule depolymerization and reorganization, which is crucial for anther development. These results indicate the pivotal role of CSI1 in anther development by regulating microtubule stability and hence cell morphogenesis.
YTrace: End-to-end Performance Diagnosis in Large Content Providers

Content providers build serving stacks to deliver content to users. An important goal of a content provider is to ensure good user experience, since user experience has an impact on revenue. In this paper, we describe a system at Yahoo called YTrace that diagnoses bad user experience in near real time. We present the different components of YTrace for end-to-end diagnosis. We show two case studies of performance problems with user sessions. We describe a number of open directions for performance diagnosis in content providers.
Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo.

BACKGROUND Long-term weight loss and cardiometabolic effects of a very-low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat diet (LC) and a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (LF) have not been evaluated under isocaloric conditions. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare an energy-controlled LC diet with an LF diet at 1 y. DESIGN Men and women (n = 118) with abdominal obesity and at least one additional metabolic syndrome risk factor were randomly assigned to either an energy-restricted (approximately 6-7 MJ) LC diet (4%, 35%, and 61% of energy as carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively) or an isocaloric LF diet (46%, 24%, and 30% of energy as carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively) for 1 y. Weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed. RESULTS Sixty-nine participants (59%) completed the trial: 33 in the LC group and 36 in the LF group. Both groups lost similar amounts of weight (LC: -14.5 +/- 1.7 kg; LF: -11.5 +/- 1.2 kg; P = 0.14, time x diet) and body fat (LC: -11.3 +/- 1.5 kg; LF: -9.4 +/- 1.2 kg; P = 0.30). Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein decreased independently of diet composition. Compared with the LF group, the LC group had greater decreases in triglycerides (-0.36 +/- 0.15 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.05 mmol/L; P = 0.011), increases in HDL cholesterol (0.23 +/- 0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.40 mmol/L; P = 0.018) and LDL cholesterol (0.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.0 mmol/L; P = 0.001), and a greater but nonsignificant increase in apolipoprotein B (0.08 +/- 0.04 g/L; 95% CI: -0.004, 0.171 g/L; P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Under planned isoenergetic conditions, as expected, both dietary patterns resulted in similar weight loss and changes in body composition. The LC diet may offer clinical benefits to obese persons with insulin resistance. However, the increase in LDL cholesterol with the LC diet suggests that this measure should be monitored. This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry at (http://www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTR 12606000203550.
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Although the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is evolving, hepatic resection remains the treatment of choice for many patients. Resection is associated with a 5-year survival rate of 50% but also a 70% recurrence rate.1–3 Thus, for most patients, resection is not a cure. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or local ablation with heat generated by high-frequency radio waves can be classified as early or late. Early recurrence occurs within weeks or months after treatment and has been attributed to either incomplete initial treatment or micrometastases within the liver but outside the treated field. Late recurrence, defined as recurrence .
Alterations of TMEM16a allostery in human retinal microarterioles in long‐standing hypertension

We hypothesized that the calcium‐activated chloride channel (CACC) transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) ionic mechanism may be a general mechanism in remodeling of vascular smooth muscles, including the retina. These vascular remodeling may have a critical impact on retinal ischemia during chronic hypertension. In this study, we examined TMEM16A protein interactions with calmodulin and CaMKIIδ likely cause efflux of chloride, thus resulting in increased vascular resistance by increasing vascular wall tone in long‐standing hypertension. Control experiments were performed in static concentrations of calcium and using the specific TMEM16A inhibitor T16Ainh‐A01 [2‐[(5‐ethyl‐1,6‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐2‐pyrimidinyl)thio]‐N‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐thia zolyl]acetamide]. The results of our study provide preliminary evidence that CACC shows altered pharmacologic and biochemical properties in retinal vessel in long‐standing hypertension. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 2015 67(5):348–354, 2015
On the energetics of stratified turbulent mixing, irreversible thermodynamics, Boussinesq models and the ocean heat engine controversy

In this paper, the available potential energy (APE) framework of Winters et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 289, 1995, p. 115) is extended to the fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations, with the aims of clarifying (i) the nature of the energy conversions taking place in turbulent thermally stratified fluids; and (ii) the role of surface buoyancy fluxes in the Munk & Wunsch (Deep-Sea Res., vol. 45, 1998, p. 1977) constraint on the mechanical energy sources of stirring required to maintain diapycnal mixing in the oceans. The new framework reveals that the observed turbulent rate of increase in the background gravitational potential energy GPEr, commonly thought to occur at the expense of the diffusively dissipated APE, actually occurs at the expense of internal energy, as in the laminar case. The APE dissipated by molecular diffusion, on the other hand, is found to be converted into internal energy (IE), similar to the viscously dissipated kinetic energy KE. Turbulent stirring, therefore, does not introduce a new APE/GPEr mechanical-to-mechanical energy conversion, but simply enhances the existing IE/GPEr conversion rate, in addition to enhancing the viscous dissipation and the entropy production rates. This, in turn, implies that molecular diffusion contributes to the dissipation of the available mechanical energy ME = APE + KE, along with viscous dissipation. This result has important implications for the interpretation of the concepts of mixing efficiency γmixing and flux Richardson number Rf, for which new physically based definitions are proposed and contrasted with previous definitions. The new framework allows for a more rigorous and general re-derivation from the first principles of Munk & Wunsch (1998, hereafter MW98)'s constraint, also valid for a non-Boussinesq ocean: $\[ G({\it KE}) \approx \frac{1-\xi\, R_f}{\xi \,R_f} W_{r,\,{\it forcing}} = \frac{1+(1-\xi)\gamma_{\it mixing}}{\xi \,\gamma_{\it mixing}}W_{r,\,{\it forcing}}, \]$ where G(KE) is the work rate done by the mechanical forcing, Wr, forcing is the rate of loss of GPEr due to high-latitude cooling and ξ is a nonlinearity parameter such that ξ = 1 for a linear equation of state (as considered by MW98), but ξ < 1 otherwise. The most important result is that G(APE), the work rate done by the surface buoyancy fluxes, must be numerically as large as Wr, forcing and, therefore, as important as the mechanical forcing in stirring and driving the oceans. As a consequence, the overall mixing efficiency of the oceans is likely to be larger than the value γmixing = 0.2 presently used, thereby possibly eliminating the apparent shortfall in mechanical stirring energy that results from using γmixing = 0.2 in the above formula.
The meaning of suffering in patients with advanced progressive cancer

Background There is a lack of research into suffering and what it means to the individual patient with advanced cancer and its importance in end of life care. Aims To explore the concept of suffering and distress by eliciting what individual patients with advanced cancer perceived as suffering and how they utilised their own resources to manage suffering. Method A qualitative study design of focused narrative interviews analysed by thematic analysis was conducted with a heterogeneous sample of 49 palliative day care patients. Results For those patients who perceived they were suffering, this study revealed a wide spectrum of definitions which could be described within the following areas; the unavoidable and avoidable suffering, physical and emotional suffering, suffering as loss and finally transformation through suffering. Conclusions These findings provide important insight that broadens and enriches our understanding into the concept of suffering and how patients utilise their resources, which may have important implications for end of life care.
NTRK1 Fusion in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor, yet with no targeted therapy with substantial survival benefit. Recent studies on solid tumors showed that fusion genes often play driver roles and are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. To survey potential fusion genes in GBMs, we analysed RNA-Seq data from 162 GBM patients available through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and found that 3′ exons of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1, encoding TrkA) are fused to 5′ exons of the genes that are highly expressed in neuronal tissues, neurofascin (NFASC) and brevican (BCAN). The fusions preserved both the transmembrane and kinase domains of NTRK1 in frame. NTRK1 is a mediator of the pro-survival signaling of nerve growth factor (NGF) and is a known oncogene, found commonly altered in human cancer. While GBMs largely lacked NTRK1 expression, the fusion-positive GBMs expressed fusion transcripts in high abundance, and showed elevated NTRK1-pathway activity. Lentiviral transduction of the NFASC-NTRK1 fusion gene in NIH 3T3 cells increased proliferation in vitro, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor formation in mice, suggesting the possibility that the fusion contributed to the initiation or maintenance of the fusion-positive GBMs, and therefore may be a rational drug target.
Functional decomposition of a class of wild polynomials ∗

No general algorithm is known for the functional decomposition of wild polynomials over a finite field. However partial solutions exist. In particular, a fast functional decomposition algorithm for linearised polynomials has been developed using factoring methods in skew-polynomial rings. This algorithm is extended to a related class of wild polynomials, which are sub-linearised polynomials.
Moment inequalities for equilibrium measures in the plane

The equilibrium measure of a compact plane set gives the steady state distribution of charges on the conductor. We show that certain moments of this equilibrium measure, when taken about the electrostatic centroid and depending only on the real coordinate, are extremal for an interval centered at the origin. This has consequences for means of zeros of polynomials, and for means of critical points of Green’s functions. We also study moments depending on the distance from the centroid, such as the electrostatic moment of inertia.
Tunable Optical Vortices Generated by Self-Assembled Defect Structures in Nematics

A stable lattice of topological defects occurring at the electric reorientation of a nematic fluid is studied by quantitative polarimetry and laser diffraction. Generation of optical vortices by topological defects is demonstrated in the case of two distinct mechanisms. First, individual defects convert circularly polarized light partially into a vortex beam with opposite handedness, while beams diffracted on the defect lattice do not carry vorticity. Second, dislocation of the lattice structure is a topological defect on a larger length scale; then beams diffracted on a single dislocation possess optical vortex character. The vortex-generation efficiency is tunable by the applied voltage.
Brunet–Derrida particle systems, free boundary problems and Wiener–Hopf equations

We consider a branching-selection system in R with N particles which give birth independently at rate 1 and where after each birth the leftmost particle is erased, keeping the number of particles constant. We show that, as N → ∞, the empirical measure process associated to the system converges in distribution to a deterministic measure-valued process whose densities solve a free boundary integrodifferential equation. We also show that this equation has a unique traveling wave solution traveling at speed c or no such solution depending on whether c ≥ a or c < a, where a is the asymptotic speed of the branching random walk obtained by ignoring the removal of the leftmost particles in our process. The traveling wave solutions correspond to solutions of Wiener-Hopf equations.
Enhancing surgical research at the hospital level: a new model

cal education: suggested components for development of a curriculum. J. Surg. Educ. 2013; 70: 408–22. 6. Hochberg MS, Berman RS, Kalet AL, Zabar S, Gillespie C, Pachter HL. Professionalism training for surgical residents: documenting the advantages of a professionalism curriculum. Ann. Surg. 2016; 264: 501–7. 7. Joyner BD, Vemulakonda VM. Improving professionalism: making the implicit more explicit. J. Urol. 2007; 177: 2287–90; discussion 2291. 8. Goldstein EA, Maestas RR, Fryer-Edwards K et al. Professionalism in medical education: an institutional challenge. Acad. Med. 2006; 81: 871–6. 9. Razack S, Meterissian S, Morin L et al. Coming of age as communicators: differences in the implementation of common communications skills training in four residency programmes. Med. Educ. 2007; 41: 441–9. 10. Wali E, Pinto JM, Cappaert M et al. Teaching professionalism in graduate medical education: what is the role of simulation? Surgery 2016; 160: 552–64. 11. Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. Training in Professional Skills (TIPS). [Cited 5 Jan 2017. ] Available from URL: http://www.surgeons. org/for-health-professionals/register-courses-events/skills-training-cours es/tips/ 12. Cate ten O, Scheele F. Competency-based postgraduate training: can we bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice? Acad. Med. 2007; 82: 542–7. 13. Cullen MJ, Konia MR, Borman-Shoap EC et al. Not all unprofessional behaviors are equal: the creation of a checklist of bad behaviors. Med. Teach. 2017; 39: 85–91.
Exclusion of patients from pay-for-performance targets by English physicians.

BACKGROUND In the English pay-for-performance program, physicians use a range of criteria to exclude individual patients from the quality calculations that determine their pay. This process, which is called exception reporting, is intended to safeguard patients against inappropriate treatment by physicians seeking to maximize their income. However, exception reporting may allow physicians to inappropriately exclude patients for whom targets have been missed (a practice known as gaming). METHODS We analyzed data extracted automatically from clinical computing systems for 8105 family practices in England (96% of all practices), data from the U.K. Census, and data on practice characteristics from the U.K. Department of Health. We determined the rate of exception reporting for 65 clinical activities and the association between this rate and the characteristics of patients and medical practices. RESULTS From April 2005 through March 2006, physicians excluded a median of 5.3% of patients (interquartile range, 4.0 to 6.9) from the quality calculations. Physicians were most likely to exclude patients from indicators that were related to providing treatments and achieving target levels of intermediate outcomes; they were least likely to exclude patients from indicators that were related to routine checks and measurements and to offers of treatment. The characteristics of patients and practices explained only 2.7% of the variance in exception reporting. We estimate that exception reporting accounted for approximately 1.5% of the cost of the pay-for-performance program. CONCLUSIONS Exception reporting brings substantial benefits to pay-for-performance programs, providing that the process is used appropriately. In England, rates of exception reporting have generally been low, with little evidence of widespread gaming.
Hekaton: Efficient and Practical Large-Scale MIMO

Large-scale multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems have the potential for multi-fold scaling of network capacity. The research community has recognized this theoretical potential and developed architectures [1,2] with large numbers of RF chains. Unfortunately, building the hardware with a large number of RF chains is challenging in practice. CSI data transport and computational overhead of MU-MIMO beamforming can also become prohibitive under large network scale. Furthermore, it is difficult to physically append extra RF chains on existing communication equipments to support such large-scale MU-MIMO architectures. In this paper, we present Hekaton, a novel large-scale MU-MIMO framework that combines legacy MU-MIMO beamforming with phased-array antennas. The core of Hekaton is a two-level beamforming architecture. First, the phased-array antennas steer spatial beams toward each downlink user to reduce channel correlation and suppress the cross-talk interference in the RF domain (for beamforming gain), then we adopt legacy digital beamforming to eliminate the interference between downlink data streams (for spatial multiplexing gain). In this way, Hekaton realizes a good fraction of potential large-scale MU-MIMO gains even under the limited RF chain number on existing communication equipments. We evaluate the performance of Hekaton through over-the-air testbed built over the WARPv3 platform and trace-driven emulation. In the evaluations, Hekaton can improve single-cell throughput by up to 2.5X over conventional MU-MIMO with a single antenna per RF chain, while using the same transmit power.
Fishermen as a Suitable Population for HIV Intervention Trials

Background. Suitable populations to sustain continued evaluation of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention interventions are required. We sought to determine whether fishermen are a suitable population for HIV intervention trials. Methods. In a cross-sectional descriptive survey, we selected 250 fishermen from proportional to size sampled boats. We collected socioeconomic and behavioral information, and specimens for HIV, herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests from consenting participants. Results. One third of the fishermen had concurrent sexual partnerships and two thirds were involved in transactional sex. About 70% were involved in extramarital sex with only one quarter using condoms in their three most recent sexual encounters. HIV prevalence was 26% and HSV-2 and HPV was 57%. Over 98% were willing to participate in a future HIV prevention clinical trial. Conclusion. Fishermen are a high-risk group for HIV/STI infections that may be suitable for HIV prevention trials. A cohort study would be useful to measure the incidence of HIV/STIs to ultimately determine the feasibility of enrolling this population in an HIV/STI prevention clinical trial.
Iridium‐Based Multimetallic Porous Hollow Nanocrystals for Efficient Overall‐Water‐Splitting Catalysis

The development of active and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is mandatory for renewable energy conversion. This study reports a general method for controllable synthesis of a class of IrM (M = Co, Ni, CoNi) multimetallic porous hollow nanocrystals (PHNCs), through etching Ir‐based, multimetallic, solid nanocrystals using Fe3+ ions, as catalysts for boosting overall water splitting. The Ir‐based multimetallic PHNCs show transition‐metal‐dependent bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic electrolyte, with IrCo and IrCoNi PHNCs being the best for HER and OER, respectively. First‐principles calculations reveal a ligand effect, induced by alloying Ir with 3d transition metals, can weaken the adsorption energy of oxygen intermediates, which is the key to realizing much‐enhanced OER activity. The IrCoNi PHNCs are highly efficient in overall‐water‐splitting catalysis by showing a low cell voltage of only 1.56 V at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, and only 8 mV of polarization‐curve shift after a 1000‐cycle durability test in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution. This work highlights a potentially powerful strategy toward the general synthesis of novel, multimetallic, PHNCs as highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for high‐performance electrochemical overall‐water‐splitting devices.