Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The reversal of the star formation-density relation in the distant universe

Aims. We study the relationship between the local environment of galaxies and their star formation rate (SFR) in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey, GOODS, at $z\sim1$. Methods. We use ultradeep imaging at 24 μ m with the MIPS camera onboard ${\it Spitzer}$ to determine the contribution of obscured light to the SFR of galaxies over the redshift range $0.8\leq z \leq1.2$. Accurate galaxy densities are measured thanks to the large sample of ~1200 spectroscopic redshifts with high (~70%) spectroscopic completeness. Morphology and stellar masses are derived from deep HST-ACS imaging, supplemented by ground based imaging programs and photometry from the IRAC camera onboard ${\it Spitzer}$. Results. We show that the star formation-density relation observed locally was reversed at $z\sim 1$: the average SFR of an individual galaxy increased with local galaxy density when the universe was less than half its present age. Hierarchical galaxy formation models (simulated lightcones from the Millennium model) predicted such a reversal to occur only at earlier epochs ($z>2$) and at a lower level. We present a remarkable structure at $z\sim 1.016$, containing X-ray traced galaxy concentrations, which will eventually merge into a Virgo-like cluster. This structure illustrates how the individual SFR of galaxies increases with density and shows that it is the ~1-2 Mpc scale that affects most the star formation in galaxies at $z\sim1$. The SFR of $z\sim1$ galaxies is found to correlate with stellar mass suggesting that mass plays a role in the observed star formation-density trend. However the specific SFR (= SFR /$M_{\star}$) decreases with stellar mass while it increases with galaxy density, which implies that the environment does directly affect the star formation activity of galaxies. Major mergers do not appear to be the unique or even major cause for this effect since nearly half (46%) of the luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) at $z\sim 1$ present the HST-ACS morphology of spirals, while only a third present a clear signature of major mergers. The remaining galaxies are divided into compact (9%) and irregular (14%) galaxies. Moreover, the specific SFR of major mergers is only marginally stronger than that of spirals. Conclusions. These findings constrain the influence of the growth of large-scale structures on the star formation history of galaxies. Reproducing the SFR-density relation at $z\sim1$ is a new challenge for models, requiring a correct balance between mass assembly through mergers and in-situ star formation at early epochs.
Timely Responses to Dementia

Summary: Little attention has been paid to the impact of early recognition of dementia on mental health social work. This paper reports a small study of the views of 20 social workers employed by an English social services department to set out possible agendas for debate about the role of mental health social work in this area. A modified nominal group methodology was used in a workshop undertaken as part of a regular series of information and training days, to elicit participants’ experiences of the early recognition of dementia and any anticipation about their future role. Findings: We identified three main themes from these social workers’ experiences and perceptions: diagnostic and prognostic skills; the impact of resource availability on professional activity; and a disability model of dementia. Application: Specialist social workers working within dementia teams may have much to contribute and may find the emergence of such teams enables them to exercise their therapeutic, communication and problem-solving skills.
Medial versus Lateral Supraspinatus Tendon Properties

Background Rotator cuff repair retear rates range from 25% to 90%, necessitating methods to improve repair strength. Although numerous laboratory studies have compared single-row with double-row fixation properties, little is known regarding regional (ie, medial vs lateral) suture retention properties in intact and torn tendons. Hypothesis A torn supraspinatus tendon will have reduced suture retention properties on the lateral aspect of the tendon compared with the more medial musculotendinous junction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Human supraspinatus tendons (torn and intact) were randomly assigned for suture retention mechanical testing, ultrastructural collagen fibril analysis, or histologic testing after suture pullout testing. For biomechanical evaluation, sutures were placed either at the musculotendinous junction (medial) or 10 mm from the free margin (lateral), and tendons were elongated to failure. Collagen fibril assessments were performed using transmission electron microscopy. Results Intact tendons showed no regional differences with respect to suture retention properties. In contrast, among torn tendons, the medial region exhibited significantly higher stiffness and work values relative to the lateral region. For the lateral region, work to 10-mm displacement (1592 ± 261 N-mm) and maximum load (265 ± 44 N) for intact tendons were significantly higher (P < .05) than that of torn tendons (1086 ± 388 N-mm and 177 ± 71 N, respectively). For medial suture placement, maximum load, stiffness, and work of intact and torn tendons were similar (P >. 05). Regression analyses for the intact and torn groups revealed generally low correlations between donor age and the 3 biomechanical indices. For both intact and torn tendons, the mean fibril diameter and area density were greater in the medial region relative to the lateral (P ≤. 05). In the lateral tendon, but not the medial region, torn specimens showed a significantly lower fibril area fraction (48.3% ± 3.8%) than intact specimens (56.7% ± 3.6%, P < .05). Conclusion Superior pullout resistance of medially placed sutures may provide a strain shielding effect for the lateral row after double-row repair. Larger diameter collagen fibrils as well as greater fibril area fraction in the medial supraspinatus tendon may provide greater resistance to suture migration. Clinical Relevance While clinical factors such as musculotendinous integrity warrant strong consideration for surgical decision making, the present ultrastructural and biomechanical results appear to provide a scientific rationale for double-row rotator cuff repair where sutures are placed more medially at the muscle-tendon junction.
Race Differences in Feminism and Guilt

A measure of feminism and Mosher's Forced-choice Guilt Inventory, which assesses sexual guilt, guilt about hostility, morality conscience, and total guilt, were administered to 179 white and 34 black women. Correlations indicated that women high on feminism scored lower on the four measures than nonfeminists. Black and white women did not differ in strength of feminist beliefs, but separate correlations performed for black and white women indicated that for black women feminism was related to less guilt about hostility while in white women feminism was related to less sexual guilt and morality conscience but was unrelated to guilt about hostility. The results suggest that the underrepresentation of black women in the women's liberation movement reflects the different needs of black and white women, not differences in strength of feminist beliefs.
FACTORS AFFECTING CHANGES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD NEGROES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

INTRODUCTION The chief purpose of the present investigation was to study factors affecting changes in attitudes toward Negroes among white high school students in a school integration situation. To accomplish this aim a test-retest type of experimental design was employed. Attitude testing occurred both before and after school integration. From a theoretical standpoint such a study aims to contribute to an understanding of attitude change in general. At the same time it helps to identify important factors in the development of healthy relationships and affitudes during the school integration process.
Automatic reactions to the labels “minority” and “majority” are asymmetrical: Implications for minority and majority influence

Majority and minority sources usually exert different kinds of influence, which has been ascribed to the fact that the former are socially appreciated while the latter are derogated. In the present research we aimed to determine whether the differing evaluations of minority and majority represent automatic reactions. In two studies participants completed a lexical decision task in which the words “majority” and “minority” were introduced as primes. “Majority” as prime activated a slower recognition of negative than positive words, supporting the idea that the reaction to the term “majority” is primarily positive. The term “minority,” without any supplementary qualification, instead appeared unable to trigger a clear automatic reaction. Implications for social influence research are discussed. This research was supported by a grant from The Italian Ministry of Education and University (PRIN n. 2007PJYAKF_002). The authors contributed equally to this article: their names are listed in alphabetical order.
Evaluating Job Knowledge Criterion Components for Use in Classification Research

In this study, we examined the potential of job knowledge tests as surrogates for hands-on criteria in the development of classification systems that use the tests of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (McLaughlin, Rossmeisel, Wise Brandt, & Wang, 1984). Based on U.S. Army data for 15 Military Occupational Specialties, the study compared the outcomes of an assignment simulation using 2 criterion measures: one containing only job knowledge and the other containing both job knowledge and hands-on components. In this study we found comparable predictive validities for the Army operational job families and a high positive mean correlation between the 2 types of criterion in the joint predictor–criterion space. Similarities also exist in the mean predicted performance produced by the assignment simulation using each criterion measure. This outcome equivalence suggests that job knowledge measures could be useful, affordable surrogates for hands-on criteria in developing classification procedures.
Risedronate therapy for the prevention of steroid-induced osteoporosis in patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is treated by the administration of prednisolone (PSL) at high doses. Steroid-induced osteoporosis is a serious adverse effect of this drug. METHODS Patients with MCNS were randomly assigned to two groups, the risedronate (2.5 mg/day) + alfacalcidol (0.25 µg/day) group (n=20) and the alfacalcidol (0.25 µg/day)-alone group (n=20). All the patients had received PSL and the clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups at baseline and at 12 months. RESULTS A significant decrease of the mean bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine from 0.710±0.162 (g/cm(2)) to 0.588±0.125 was observed in the alfacalcidol-alone group (p=0.02), while no such decrease of the bone mineral density was found in the risedronate + alfacalcidol group (0.663±0.169 at baseline and 0.626±0.129 at 12 months). No significant differences in the results of other biochemical tests performed at the baseline and at 12 months were observed between the two groups. The likelihood of development of steroid-induced osteoporosis was influenced by the cumulative dose of PSL, the mean BMD at the baseline, occurrence of disease relapse, and risedronate therapy. CONCLUSION Risedronate appears to be effective in preventing steroid-induced osteoporosis. It is necessary to use bisphosphonates to maintain the BMD in patients with MCNS receiving prolonged steroid therapy.
Benchmarks for the Emergency Department Care of Children With Asthma, Bronchiolitis, and Croup

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to measure the 2005 performance of freestanding children's hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the care of children with asthma, bronchiolitis, and croup (ABC) using 5 clinical quality indicators and (2) to construct achievable benchmarks for 7 clinical quality indicators of ED care for children with ABC for 2005. Methods: This was a retrospective review using the Pediatric Health Information System database containing information on 1,468,607 (2005) discharges. Performance on 5 established clinical quality indicators for ABC was determined in patients younger than 19 years at 27 hospital EDs in the United States. Benchmarks were computed for 7 clinical quality indicators. Results: Corticosteroids were administered in 65.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.2%-66.2%) of visits for moderate to severe asthma and in 82.5% (95% CI, 82.0%-83.0%) of visits for croup. Physicians ordered an x-ray in 28.6% (95% CI, 28.1%-29.0%) of asthma visits, 37.3% (95% CI, 36.7%-37.9%) of bronchiolitis visits, and in 9.1% (95% CI, 8.7%-9.5%) of croup visits. Benchmarks for corticosteroid administration were 79% and 92% for asthma and croup, respectively; benchmarks for ordering x-rays were 17% for both asthma and bronchiolitis and 2% for croup. Additional benchmarks for antibiotic administration in the ED for asthma and bronchiolitis were 1% and 2%, respectively. Conclusions: Variation exists among freestanding children's hospitals in the ED care for ABC, but the performance is better than previously reported national averages. We report achievable benchmarks for ED care based on objective clinical quality indicators.
On the Mono- and Cross-Language Detection of Text Re-Use and Plagiarism

Automatic text re-use detection is the task of determining whether a text has been produced by considering another as its source. Plagiarism, the unacknowledged re-use of text, is probably the most famous kind of re-use. Favoured by the easy access to information through electronic media, plagiarism has raised in recent years, requesting for the attention of experts in text analysis. Automatic text re-use detection takes advantage of technology on natural language processing and information retrieval in order to compare thousands of documents, looking for the potential source of a presumably case of re-use. Machine translation technology can be used in order to uncover cases of crosslanguage text re-use. By exploiting such technology, thousands of exhaustive comparisons are possible, also across languages, something impossible to do manually. In this dissertation we pay special attention to three types of text re-use, namely: (i) cross-language text re-use, (ii) paraphrase text re-use, and (iii) monoand cross-language re-use within and from Wikipedia. In the case of cross-language text re-use, we propose a cross-language similarity assessment model based on statistical machine translation. The model is exhaustively compared to other available models up to date, showing to be one of the best options when looking for exact translations, regardless they are automatically or manually created. In the case of paraphrase, the core of plagiarism, we investigate what types of paraphrase plagiarism cases are most difficult to detect. Our analysis of plagiarism detection from the perspective of paraphrasing represents something never done before. Our insights include that the most common paraphrasing strategies when plagiarising are lexical changes. These findings should be integrated in the future generation of plagiarism detectors.
A review of web-based collaborative learning: factors beyond technology

Web-based collaborative learning has a large potential for knowledge acquisition. However, it has different characteristics compared with conventional learning scenarios; especially with respect to the social communication situation, message exchange, cognitive load and participation of the learners. To cope with possible problems resulting from these characteristics suitable instructional means have to be considered, like collaborative learning methods, on-line moderation, appropriate learning tasks or computer-based visualisation tools.
Teaching Perspectives of Pre-service Physical Education Teachers in Shanghai: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the teaching perspective of pre-service Physical Education teachers in Shanghai, China. The Teaching Perspectives Inventory instrument (Pratt, 1998) was used to collect data from 158 pre-service teachers. Descriptive data showed that pre-service teachers exhibited a common pattern of at least one or perhaps two dominant teaching perspectives. They attached importance to student affective development, but paid less attention to the change of society and student thinking. A series of univariate analyses of variance revealed that the scores of the female teachers on Nurturing were significantly higher than those of the male teachers. Although study levels had no significant effect on teaching perspectives of pre-service teachers, a slight increase in the mean scores of Transmission and Social Reform perspectives was observed in first-year to fourth year pre-service teachers. Finally, a significant correlation among several perspectives was observed. Using the findings as bases, we provide implication for the improvement of teaching perspectives.
Asperger's Syndrome

Abstract This paper reports on a content analysis of blogs written by people with Asperger's syndrome (AS), as well as people who are parents and caretakers of people with AS. The paper documents that the views of the two groups, based on 30 blogs from each perspective, are frequently oppositional to one another. Whereas the parents and caretakers usually accept the medical definition of the situation and seek assistance and a cure for their children, the Aspies argue against this pathologizing and medicalizing perspective. Those diagnosed with AS say they are happy with who they are and that any suffering they may have undergone has been the result of society and not inherent in their condition. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical, methodological, substantive, and practical implications of these findings.
Auditory Evaluation of High Risk Newborns by Automated Auditory Brain Stem Response

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hearing impairment by automated auditory brain stem response (AABR) in newborns admitted to an intensive and intermediate care unit and to analyze the associated risk factors.
Productive, anxious, lonely: 24 hours without push notifications

We report from the Do Not Disturb Challenge where 30 volunteers disabled notification alerts for 24 hours across all devices. The effect of the absence of notifications on the participants was isolated through an experimental study design: we compared self-reported feedback from the day without notifications against a baseline day. The evidence indicates that notifications have locked us in a dilemma: without notifications, participants felt less distracted and more productive. But, they also felt no longer able to be as responsive as expected, which made some participants anxious. And, they felt less connected with one's social group. In contrast to previous reports, about two third of the participants expressed the intention to change how they manage notifications. Two years later, half of the participants are still following through with their plans.
Survivin Reads Phosphorylated Histone H3 Threonine 3 to Activate the Mitotic Kinase Aurora B

Location, Location, Location Cell division is orchestrated by a complex signaling pathway that ensures the correct segregation of newly replicated chromosomes to the two daughter cells. The pathway is controlled in part by restricting the activity of critical regulators to specific subcellular locations. For example, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is recruited to chromosomes during mitosis where it oversees kinetochore activity and cytokinesis (see Perspective by Musacchio). Wang et al. (p. 231, published online 12 August), Kelly et al. (p. 235, published online 12 August), and Yamagishi et al. (p. 239) now show that the phosphorylation of the chromatin protein, histone H3, acts to bring the CPC to chromosomes, thereby activating its aurora B kinase subunit. The Survivin subunit of CPC binds specifically to phosphorylated H3, with the phosphorylation at centromeres being carried out by the mitosis-specific kinase, haspin. Furthermore, Bub1 phosphorylation of histone H2A recruits shugoshin, a centromeric CPC adapter. Thus, these two histone marks in combination define the inner centromere. A critical regulator of cell division is recruited to chromosomes through the specific phosphorylation of a chromatin protein. A hallmark of mitosis is the appearance of high levels of histone phosphorylation, yet the roles of these modifications remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that histone H3 phosphorylated at threonine 3 is directly recognized by an evolutionarily conserved binding pocket in the BIR domain of Survivin, which is a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). This binding mediates recruitment of the CPC to chromosomes and the resulting activation of its kinase subunit Aurora B. Consistently, modulation of the kinase activity of Haspin, which phosphorylates H3T3, leads to defects in the Aurora B–dependent processes of spindle assembly and inhibition of nuclear reformation. These findings establish a direct cellular role for mitotic histone H3T3 phosphorylation, which is read and translated by the CPC to ensure accurate cell division.
Hurtful Episodes in Parent–Adolescent Relationships: How Accounts and Attributions Contribute to the Difficulty of Talking about Hurt

This research examines sense-making about hurtful episodes between parents and adolescents and how sense-making processes relate to subsequent communication. Results highlight differences in the events parents and adolescents find hurtful and the complex forces that influence accounts for hurtful episodes. Children were less affected overall by hurtful episodes and provided more benevolent accounts of parents' hurtful actions and words. Parents demonstrated typical victim–perpetrator biases, particularly when relationship quality was low. Furthermore, findings provided evidence that sense-making about hurtful events may affect follow-up conversations. Intentionality attributions and the similarity of pre-interaction accounts predicted the difficulty and negativity of subsequent conversations, based on both perceived and observed ratings. Account similarity also predicted observed aspects of joint storytelling in the conversations.