Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran Terhadap Senjangan Anggaran: Komitmen Organisasi Dan Ketidakpastian Lingkungan Sebagai Variabel Moderating(penelitian Pada Skpd Pemerintahan Kabupaten Serang)

This research purpose to examine the effect budgetary participation on budgetary slack and moderation organizational commitment and enviroment uncertainty at budget participation on budgetary slack. This research used descriptive verification method. The sampling technique is non probablity sampling with propotional sampling technique . The samples is 142 people from the entire population. The unit of analysis is the head/ field/ sub division in SKPD Serang. data was collected with direct distribution by using numerical scale form of statement list . The data is processed by using simple regression to test the first hypothesis and regression with the absolute value of the difference for the second and third test hypothesis . The results of this research show; First, there is positive between budgetary participation and budgetary slack. Second, organizational commitment as a moderating variable was not proved to strengthen the influence of budgetary participation on budgetary slack, and third, the uncertainty of the environment as a moderating variable was not proved to strengthen the influence of budgetary participation on budgetary slack
The Determinants of Asymmetric Volatility

Volatility in equity markets is asymmetric: contemporaneous return and conditional return volatility are negatively correlated. In this article I develop an asymmetric volatility model where dividend growth and dividend volatility are the two state variables of the economy. The model allows both the leverage effect and the volatility feedback effect, the two popular explanations of asymmetry. The model is estimated by the simulated method of moments. I find that both the leverage effect and volatility feedback are important determinants of asymmetric volatility, and volatility feedback is significant both statistically and economically. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Integration of immigrants on the Swedish labour market : recent trends and explanations

This paper uses new data to illustrate the position of the foreign-born on the Swedishlabour market. Foreign-born Africans and Asians have a lower employment and ahigher unemployment rate than other groups. They are overrepresented in fixed-timeemployment and underrepresented in managerial positions. Employment is particularlylow among family and refugee immigrants. Educated people from these regions aremore likely than others to have jobs requiring lower competencies than their educationallevel. Lack of human capital acquired in Sweden and lack of access to networks as wellas prevalence of discrimination are put forward as explanations for this.
Effects of CO2 and iron availability on rbcL gene expression in Bering Sea diatoms

Abstract. Iron (Fe) can limit phytoplankton productivity in approximately 40% of the global ocean, including in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters. However, there is little information available on the impact of CO2-induced seawater acidification on natural phytoplankton assemblages in HNLC regions. We therefore conducted an on-deck experiment manipulating CO2 and Fe using Fe-deficient Bering Sea water during the summer of 2009. The concentrations of CO2 in the incubation bottles were set at 380 and 600 ppm in the non-Fe-added (control) bottles and 180, 380, 600, and 1000 ppm in the Fe-added bottles. The phytoplankton assemblages were primarily composed of diatoms followed by haptophytes in all incubation bottles as estimated by pigment signatures throughout the 5-day (control) or 6-day (Fe-added treatment) incubation period. At the end of incubation, the relative contribution of diatoms to chlorophyll a biomass was significantly higher in the 380 ppm CO2 treatment than in the 600 ppm treatment in the controls, whereas minimal changes were found in the Fe-added treatments. These results indicate that, under Fe-deficient conditions, the growth of diatoms could be negatively affected by the increase in CO2 availability. To further support this finding, we estimated the expression and phylogeny of rbcL (which encodes the large subunit of RuBisCO) mRNA in diatoms by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clone library techniques, respectively. Interestingly, regardless of Fe availability, the transcript abundance of rbcL decreased in the high CO2 treatments (600 and 1000 ppm). The present study suggests that the projected future increase in seawater pCO2 could reduce the RuBisCO transcription of diatoms, resulting in a decrease in primary productivity and a shift in the food web structure of the Bering Sea.
Effects of the New Health Care Reform on Hospital Performance in China: A Seven-Year Trend from 2005 to 2011

Background: Since the market economy reform healthcare expenditures have escalated in China, especially out-of-pocket payments. A new policy intervention begun in 2005, aimed to reshape the health care system. Objectives : To examine effects of the new health care reformon hospital performance and patients’ economic burdens in China , and provide evidence of the need for further public hospital reform in China. Methods : Discharge records from 2005-2011 in a tertiary cancer hospital were abstracted. Changes in total charges, revenue structures, length of hospital stay and illness burden of patients were analyzed. Result s : During the seven-year period, total charges per dischargeincreased at a cumulative growth rate of 7.0%, which was far slower than that of the local GDP (105.9%). The hospital volume increased by 138.9%, annual revenues grew by 206.4%, and average length of stay declined by 28.4%. Prescription drugs accounted for 60.2% of the revenues . T he ratio of total hospital charges to the per capita annual disposable income decreased from 1.38 to 0. 84, and the percentage of out-of-pocket payment was reduced by 20 percent. Similar trends were observed in the national statistics . Conclusions The new health reform policy showed positive effects on alleviating both hospital operation and patients’ economic burden; however, only short-term effects on containing the increase in total charges of hospitalization were observed. The highest proportion of hospital revenues was generated from prescription drugs, and the lowest proportion from bed fees and nursing fees which remained virtually unchanged. More effective approaches are merited to adjust hospitals’ revenue structure and make hospital care more efficient.
A Simple Proof of Maxwell Saturation for Coupled Scalar Recursions

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes (or spatially coupled codes) were recently shown to approach capacity on the binary erasure channel (BEC) and binary-input memoryless symmetric channels. The mechanism behind this spectacular performance is now called threshold saturation via spatial coupling. This new phenomenon is characterized by the belief-propagation threshold of the spatially coupled ensemble increasing to an intrinsic noise threshold defined by the uncoupled system. In this paper, we present a simple proof of threshold saturation that applies to a wide class of coupled scalar recursions. Our approach is based on constructing potential functions for both the coupled and uncoupled recursions. Our results actually show that the fixed point of the coupled recursion is essentially determined by the minimum of the uncoupled potential function and we refer to this phenomenon as Maxwell saturation. A variety of examples are considered including the density-evolution equations for: irregular LDPC codes on the BEC, irregular low-density generator-matrix codes on the BEC, a class of generalized LDPC codes with BCH component codes, the joint iterative decoding of LDPC codes on intersymbol-interference channels with erasure noise, and the compressed sensing of random vectors with independent identically distributed components.
Hepatitis C genotype determination by melting curve analysis with a single set of fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes.

BACKGROUND The genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a predictor of antiviral therapeutic response. We describe an approach for HCV genotype determination by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. METHODS After automated nucleic acid extraction, we used reverse transcription-PCR in a block cycler to amplify nucleotides 6-329 of the 5'-untranslated region of HCV. The product was further amplified by single-tube real-time seminested PCR in a LightCycler instrument (Roche). The final product was analyzed by melting curves with the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. The FRET sensor probe was directed at nucleotides 151-170 of type 1 HCV and was designed to distinguish types 1a/b, 2a/c, 2b, 3a, and 4, with melting temperatures (T(m)s) predicted to differ by 1 degrees C. Genotypes were compared in a blinded fashion with those of the INNO-LiPA(TM) test (Bayer Diagnostics) on 111 serum samples. RESULTS In preliminary experiments, the Mg(2+) concentration was found to be critical in allowing clear separation of melting points, with the best separation at a Mg(2+) concentration of 2 mmol/L. The results for 111 samples clustered at expected T(m)s for genotypes 1a/b (n = 78), 2a/c (n = 2), 2b (n = 11), 3a (n = 14), and 4 (n = 2). Of the 111 samples, results for 110 were concordant with the comparison method at the level of type 1, 2, 3, or 4. Subtyping results were discordant for two samples, both of type 2. For 108 samples concordant with INNO-LiPA at the genotype and subtype levels, the mean T(m)s were 64.1, 59.5, 54.2, 52.6, and 50.1 degrees C for types 1a/b, 2a/c, 4, 2b, and 3a, respectively, with SDs of 0.2, 0.3, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.3 degrees C. All 78 samples identified as type 1 were concordant with results of the comparison method. CONCLUSIONS Melting analysis with a single pair of FRET probes can rapidly provide information about HCV genotypes and identifies type 1 samples with high specificity.
Price Rigidity: Evidence from the French CPI Macro-Data

Based upon a large fraction of the price records used for computing the French CPI, we document consumer price rigidity in France. We first provide a methodological discussion of issues involved in estimating average price duration with micro-data. The average duration of prices in the sectors covered by the database (65% of CPI) is then found to be around 8 months. A strong heterogeneity across sectors both in the average duration of prices and in the pattern of price setting is reported. There is no clear evidence of downward nominal rigidity, since price cuts are almost as frequent as price rises. Moreover, the average size of a change in price is quite large in both cases. Overall, while our results do not entail a clear conclusion about the existence of menu costs, there is evidence of both time-dependent and state-dependent price setting behaviors by retailers.
A multi‐level theory of innovation implementation

Purpose – Increased developments in competition, globalisation and technology have led to an increased emphasis on innovation in organisations and academia. There is a substantial body of knowledge in regard to the concept of innovation. However, there is a need to make a distinction between innovation and the implementation of innovation in organisations. The study of innovation implementation is much less defined in regard to theory and practice. The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical conception of innovation implementation primarily based on a critique of the literature. The development is intended to inform further research and enable organisations to develop pathways for effective implementation.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual and integrated framework is developed from the literature. The constructs of normalising, legitimising and conflict are used to develop the theory.Findings – It is shown how conflict or abrasion is a key element of innovation implementation in attempting t.
Does the Market Know Better? The Case of Strategic vs. Non-Strategic Bankruptcies

This paper explores the market response to two apparently similar but in fact very different firm-specific bad-news events: 1) filing a strategic Chapter 11, and 2) filing a financially-motivated Chapter 11. We find that the market is unable to distinguish between the two in both the pre-event, and bankruptcy filing event, periods. In particular, in both cases, prices drop by around a half in risk-adjusted terms in the one-year pre-event window, falling a further 25% around the event date. On the other hand, we find that the subsequent market reaction to the announcement of strategic and non-strategic Chapter 11s is quite different. For non-strategic bankruptcies, there is a post-event drift of around -29% over the subsequent 12-months. Conversely, in the case of strategic bankruptcies, we uncover a reversal in the stock return pattern: risk-adjusted abnormal returns are now of 29% in the 6-month period following the event date. As such, filing for Court protection against creditors for non-strategic reasons seems to be increasingly perceived by the market as bad news over time, while filing a strategic bankruptcy becomes recognized over time as a positive news event. Complementary analysis reveals that a mix of behavioral biases, information uncertainty and the trading environment may well help explain our puzzling results.
Generation of Neutralizing Antibodies and Divergence of SIVmac239 in Cynomolgus Macaques Following Short-Term Early Antiretroviral Therapy

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) able to react to heterologous viruses are generated during natural HIV-1 infection in some individuals. Further knowledge is required in order to understand the factors contributing to induction of cross-reactive NAb responses. Here a well-established model of experimental pathogenic infection in cynomolgus macaques, which reproduces long-lasting HIV-1 infection, was used to study the NAb response as well as the viral evolution of the highly neutralization-resistant SIVmac239. Twelve animals were infected intravenously with SIVmac239. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated ten days post-inoculation and administered daily for four months. Viral load, CD4+ T-cell counts, total IgG levels, and breadth as well as strength of NAb in plasma were compared simultaneously over 14 months. In addition, envs from plasma samples were sequenced at three time points in all animals in order to assess viral evolution. We report here that seven of the 12 animals controlled viremia to below 104 copies/ml of plasma after discontinuation of ART and that this control was associated with a low level of evolutionary divergence. Macaques that controlled viral load developed broader NAb responses early on. Furthermore, escape mutations, such as V67M and R751G, were identified in virus sequenced from all animals with uncontrolled viremia. Bayesian estimation of ancestral population genetic diversity (PGD) showed an increase in this value in non-controlling or transient-controlling animals during the first 5.5 months of infection, in contrast to virus-controlling animals. Similarly, non- or transient controllers displayed more positively-selected amino-acid substitutions. An early increase in PGD, resulting in the generation of positively-selected amino-acid substitutions, greater divergence and relative high viral load after ART withdrawal, may have contributed to the generation of potent NAb in several animals after SIVmac239 infection. However, early broad NAb responses correlated with relatively preserved CD4+ T-cell numbers, low viral load and limited viral divergence.
Functional ion channels in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: Voltage-dependent cation channels

The activity of voltage-gated ion channels is critical for the maintenance of cellular membrane potential and generation of action potentials. In turn, membrane potential regulates cellular ion homeostasis, triggering the opening and closing of ion channels in the plasma membrane and, thus, enabling ion transport across the membrane. Such transmembrane ion fluxes are important for excitation-contraction coupling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Families of voltage-dependent cation channels known to be present in PASMC include voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels, voltage-dependent Ca2+-activated K+ (Kca) channels, L- and T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated proton channels. When cells are dialyzed with Ca2+-free K+-solutions, depolarization elicits four components of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive Kvcurrents based on the kinetics of current activation and inactivation. In cell-attached membrane patches, depolarization elicits a wide range of single-channel K+ currents, with conductances ranging between 6 and 290 pS. Macroscopic 4-AP-sensitive Kv currents and iberiotoxin-sensitive Kca currents are also observed. Transcripts of (a) two Na+ channel α-subunit genes (SCN5A and SCN6A), (b) six Ca2+ channel α-subunit genes (α1A, α1B, α1x, α1D, α1E and α1G) and many regulatory subunits (α2δ1, β1-4, and γ6), (c) 22 Kv channel α-subunit genes (Kv1.1 – Kv1.7, Kv1.10, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv3.3, Kv3.4, Kv4.1, Kv4.2, Kv5.1, Kv 6.1-Kv6.3, Kv9.1, Kv9.3, Kv10.1 and Kv11.1) and three Kv channel β-subunit genes (Kvβ1-3) and (d) four Kca channel α-subunit genes (S/oα1 and SK2-SK4) and four Kca channel β-subunit genes (Kcaβ1-4) have been detected in PASMC. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive and rapidly inactivating Na+ currents have been recorded with properties similar to those in cardiac myocytes. In the presence of 20 mM external Ca2+, membrane depolarization from a holding potential of −100 mV elicits a rapidly inactivating T-type Ca2+ current, while depolarization from a holding potential of −70 mV elicits a slowly inactivating dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca2+ current. This review will focus on describing the electrophysiological properties and molecular identities of these voltage-dependent cation channels in PASMC and their contribution to the regulation of pulmonary vascular function and its potential role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease.
Estimation of individual demand for alcohol

Using individual data from RLMS, the longitudinal survey of the representative sample of the Russian population, we study static and dynamic models of demand for alcohol. We show the demand curve has traditional negative slope for any type of alcoholic drink: vodka, beer, and wine. We find substitution of moonshine for vodka with higher price on vodka and between vodka&beer with higher price on one of them. As a result of substitution vodka price has no impact on total ethanol consumption, while higher price on beer and wine reduce demand for ethanol. We also demonstrate that income has important effect on demand for alcoholic drinks. Risk to be drinker is rising with individual income. Higher income results in lower consumption of moonshine and in higher consumption of vodka, beer, and wine.
Glimpse into the Genomes of Rice Endophytic Bacteria: Diversity and Distribution of Firmicutes

Endophytic bacteria inhabit within plant tissues without causing any evident damage to the host and play crucial roles in plant growth, development, fitness, and protection (Farrar et al., 2014; Truyens et al., 2015). These endophytic bacteria spend a portion of their life cycle inside plants and normally resides on intercellular spaces and gain carbohydrates, amino acids, and inorganic nutrients from plants (Bacon andHinton, 2007). Despite their beneficial effects on plant growth and development, seed-borne endophytic bacteria are still largely unexplored. Recent developments in high-throughput technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), permit the investigation of endophytic microbiomes, facilitate sequencing of a larger number of bacteria and encourage in depth analyses of bacterial communities from taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolutionary studies (Kaul et al., 2016). Genomes of endophytic bacteria encode all the information that is required for an organism to grow under a range of both favorable and unfavorable conditions depending on the plant habitats. Along with the house-keeping machinery, these bacterial genomes also encode genes that are required for their endophytic life style and plant beneficial properties (Hardoim et al., 2015; Sheibani-Tezerji et al., 2015). In the present study, whole genome sequencing of 21 rice seed endophytic bacterial species belonging to the phylum Firmicutes was performed to ascertain their phylogenetic position and to get clue of the genomic signatures for their adaptation to endophytic lifestyle. Genomic dataset of endophytic bacterial strains are valuable pool of information that provides insights into the diversity, distribution, and lifestyle associated genes of these endophytes associated with plants.
Adjusting for Chance Clustering Comparison Measures

Adjusted for chance measures are widely used to compare partitions/clusterings of the same data set. In particular, the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) based on pair-counting, and the Adjusted Mutual Information (AMI) based on Shannon information theory are very popular in the clustering community. Nonetheless it is an open problem as to what are the best application scenarios for each measure and guidelines in the literature for their usage are sparse, with the result that users often resort to using both. Generalized Information Theoretic (IT) measures based on the Tsallis entropy have been shown to link pair-counting and Shannon IT measures. In this paper, we aim to bridge the gap between adjustment of measures based on pair-counting and measures based on information theory. We solve the key technical challenge of analytically computing the expected value and variance of generalized IT measures. This allows us to propose adjustments of generalized IT measures, which reduce to well known adjusted clustering comparison measures as special cases. Using the theory of generalized IT measures, we are able to propose the following guidelines for using ARI and AMI as external validation indices: ARI should be used when the reference clustering has large equal sized clusters; AMI should be used when the reference clustering is unbalanced and there exist small clusters.
Trade Diversion as Firm Adjustment to Trade Policy: Evidence from EU Anti‐Dumping Duties on Vietnamese Footwear

This paper evaluates the impact of the 2006 European Union anti-dumping (AD) action on Vietnamese footwear in three markets: imports to the EU, footwear producers in Vietnam, and the trade diversionary adjustment of Vietnamese firms in the US market. We find that the AD action reduced Vietnamese imports to the EU by as much as 65 per cent. Given that the EU makes up almost two-thirds of Vietnam's footwear exports and footwear is among the top four export industries for Vietnam, this reduction is economically significant. Consistent with predictions of our model, we find evidence of trade diversion by Vietnamese producers from the EU to the US market. Our difference-in-difference estimates of the AD actions on the value of Vietnamese footwear imports to the United States ranged from 69 to 71 per cent over the period 2004–07 and 69 to 72 per cent in terms of quantity. These results highlight the spillover effects of trade policy in third markets when firms adjust to trade barriers. Our results are robust to triple-difference specifications where we adjust for trend differences and a series of placebo specifications.