Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Hidden” Seyfert 2 Galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field North

We have compared the X-ray-to-optical flux ratios (FX/Fopt) of absorbed active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the Chandra Deep Field North (CDF-N) with those of nearby, optically classified Seyfert 2 galaxies. The comparison provides an opportunity to explore the extent to which the local population of absorbed AGNs can account for the properties of the distant, spectroscopically ambiguous sources that produce the hard X-ray background. Our nearby sample consists of 38 objects that well represent the local Seyfert 2 luminosity function. Integrated UBVRI photometry and broadband X-ray observations are presented. Using these data, we have simulated the FX/Fopt ratios that local Seyfert 2s would exhibit if they were observed in the redshift range 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.3 as part of the CDF-N. In the simulations we account for the effects of redshift on flux measurements in fixed observed-frame bands and the way the luminosity function of a given population is sampled in a flux-limited survey like the CDF-N. Overall, we find excellent agreement between our simulations and the observed distribution of FX/Fopt ratios for absorbed AGNs in the CDF-N. Our analysis has thus failed to reveal any physical differences between the local population of Seyfert 2s and CDF-N sources with similar X-ray properties. These results support the hypothesis that the nuclear emission lines of many distant hard X-ray galaxies are hidden in ground-based spectra due to a combination of observational effects: signal-to-noise ratio, wavelength coverage, and dilution by host-galaxy light.
The Evolution of National Social Dialogue in Europe under the Single Market, 1992-2006

This paper examines the evolution of national social dialogue (bipartite wage bargaining) across European countries. Several commentators in the 1990s expected the dismantling of national social dialogue institutions. Following the liberalisation of markets, intensification of competition, and declining union power, bargaining structures were supposed to converge to the Anglo-Saxon model of decentralised bargaining. The paper seeks to gauge the plausibility of the ‘decentralization thesis’ using novel indicators of collective bargaining centralization across the EU15. It is shown that despite the changes in product markets, flexible working, and declining union density, a generalized decentralization of bargaining did not occur. Instead, in many European cases there is a counter-trend of centralization, which casts doubt to the decentralization thesis.
Repeatability Analysis of Global and Local Metrics of Brain Structural Networks

Computational network analysis provides new methods to analyze the human connectome. Brain structural networks can be characterized by global and local metrics that recently gave promising insights for diagnosis and further understanding of neurological, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to ensure the validity of results in clinical settings, the precision and repeatability of the networks and the associated metrics must be evaluated. In the present study, 19 healthy subjects underwent two consecutive measurements enabling us to test reproducibility of the brain network and its global and local metrics. As it is known that the network topology depends on the network density, the effects of setting a common density threshold for all networks were also assessed. Results showed good to excellent repeatability for global metrics, while for local metrics it was more variable and some metrics were found to have locally poor repeatability. Moreover, between-subjects differences were slightly inflated when the density was not fixed. At the global level, these findings confirm previous results on the validity of global network metrics as clinical biomarkers. However, the new results in our work indicate that the remaining variability at the local level as well as the effect of methodological characteristics on the network topology should be considered in the analysis of brain structural networks and especially in network comparisons.
TANGENTIAL CONVERGENCE OF BOUNDED HARMONIC FUNCTIONS ON GENERALIZED SIEGEL DOMAINS

Abstract Suppose that u is a bounded harmonic function on the upper half-plane such that $\lim _{x\rightarrow \infty }u(x,y_0)=a$ for some y0>0. Then one can prove that $\lim _{x\rightarrow \infty }u(x,y)=a$ for any other positive y. In this paper, we shall consider the algebra of radial integrable functions on H-type groups and obtain a similar result for bounded harmonic functions on generalized Siegel domains.
Measuring Financial Contagion with Extreme Coexceedances

This paper tests for contagion firstly, within the Euro Area (EA thereafter), and secondly from the US to the EA. Using 'coexceedances' - the joint occurrences of extreme negative and positive returns in different countries in a given day - I define contagion within regions as the fraction of the coexceedances that cannot be explained by fundamentals (covariates). On the other hand, contagion across regions can be defined as the fraction of the coexceedance events in the EA that is left unexplained by its own covariates but that is explained by the exceedances from the US. Having applied a multinomial logistic regression model to daily returns on 14 European stock markets for the period 2004-2012, I can provide the following summary of the results. Firstly, I found evidence of contagion within the EA. Especially, the EA 10 year government bond yield and the EUR/USD exchange rate fail to adequately explain the probability of coexceedances in Europe. Therefore, these variables are important determinants of regional crashes. In addition, I have observed that negative movements in stock prices follow continuation patterns - coexceedances cluster across time. Secondly, there is no statistically significant evidence of contagion from the US to the EA, in the sense that US exceedances fail to explain high probabilities of coexceedances in the EA. This result holds under a large battery of robustness checks. I would rather interpret this as a normal interdependence between the two markets.
MILKYAS BASSA MUKULO

The self-efficacy construct is one of the most influential psychological constructs thought to affect achievement strivings in sport (Feltz, 1988). Gould and his colleagues found that self-efficacy and team efficacy were chief among that factors that US Olympic athletes reported to influence their performance at the Nagano Olympic Games (Gould, Greenleaf, Lauer, & Chung, 1999). Bandura (1977, 1986, and 1997) defined self-efficacy as the belief one has in being able to execute a specific task successfully in order to obtain a certain outcome. Since the first publication of the self-efficacy concept (Bandura, 1977), there have been over 60 research articles published on self-efficacy related specifically to sport performance (Moritz, Feltz, Mack, & Fahrbach, in press). The purpose of this article is to review related empirical Literature on the subject of self-efficacy players, coaches and teams performance. As a coach, sport coaching has greater influence on sport organization, there are many studies done on related topics. Therefore, this empirical review literature helps to focuses on overview of self efficacy concept and its measurement, a review of relevant research on athletes, athletic teams, and coaches.
RAPID EVOLUTION OF ASYMMETRIC REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITIES IN STALK‐EYED FLIES

The steps by which isolated populations acquire reproductive incompatibilities remain poorly understood. One potentially important process is postcopulatory sexual selection because it can generate divergence between populations in traits that influence fertilization success after copulation. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of this form of reproductive isolation by conducting reciprocal crosses between variably diverged populations of stalk‐eyed flies (Teleopsis dalmanni). First, we measure seven types of reproductive incompatibility between copulation and fertilization. We then compare fertilization success to hatching success to quantify hybrid inviability. Finally, we determine if sperm competition acts to reinforce or counteract any incompatibilities. We find evidence for multiple incompatibilities in most crosses, including failure to store sperm after mating, failure of sperm to reach the site of fertilization, failure of sperm to fertilize eggs, and failure of embryos to develop. Local sperm have precedence over foreign sperm, but this effect is due mainly to differences in sperm transfer and reduced hatching success. Crosses between recently diverged populations are asymmetrical with regard to the degree and type of incompatibility. Because sexual conflict in these flies is low, postcopulatory sexual selection, rather than antagonistic coevolution, likely causes incompatibilities due to mismatches between male and female reproductive traits.
Half-DRAM: A high-bandwidth and low-power DRAM architecture from the rethinking of fine-grained activation

DRAM memory is a major contributor for the total power consumption in modern computing systems. Consequently, power reduction for DRAM memory is critical to improve system-level power efficiency. Fine-grained DRAM architecture [1, 2] has been proposed to reduce the activation/ precharge power. However, those prior work either incurs significant performance degradation or introduces large area overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel memory architecture Half-DRAM, in which the DRAM array is reorganized to enable only half of a row being activated. The half-row activation can effectively reduce activation power and meanwhile sustain the full bandwidth one bank can provide. In addition, the half-row activation in Half-DRAM relaxes the power constraint in DRAM, and opens up opportunities for further performance gain. Furthermore, two half-row accesses can be issued in parallel by integrating the sub-array level parallelism to improve the memory level parallelism. The experimental results show that Half-DRAM can achieve both significant performance improvement and power reduction, with negligible design overhead.
Sectoral Labor Reallocation and Return Predictability

Sectoral labor reallocation shocks change the optimal allocation of workers across industries. We find that a proxy for this type of labor market shocks has very strong and robust predictive power for future stock market returns. In predictive regressions, the one-year out-of-sample R2 is as high as 14.88%. We propose a production-based asset pricing model that links the return predictability to time-varying labor adjustment costs. When human capital is tied to the industry, hiring workers from other industries involves more search and training costs. Hence, sectoral reallocation shocks lead to lower returns to hiring and therefore lower future stock returns.
THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A LEARNING MEDIA IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING COURSE

Abstract: This study aims to improve students’ motivation in Management Accounting courses by using social media as a learning media in the classroom. The use of social media is inspired by the fact that that most of internet users are 19-34 years old, which is around 49.52% of them access social media more than 3 hours per day (2017 APJII survey). Participants of this study were students of STIE Persada Bunda who took Management Accounting course at the 2018/2019 Academic Year. This study employed Classroom Action Research method with 2 cycles with descriptive analysis. Before using media social as a learning media, the average value of students’ motivation was 60%. In the first cycle it was obtained that an average value of students’ motivation was 71%. It means that student of STIE Persada Bunda motivation was high. The second cycle obtained that an average value of students’ motivation was 82%. This means that motivation of students of STIE Persada Bunda was very high. This study reveals that students’ motivation has been significantly increased. It is expected that learning achievement of students in management accounting course will be increased too.
AGEING IN ASIA: FACING THE CROSSROADS

Three broad factors bring Asia to an interesting crossroads with regard to population aging: the magnitude and speed of the demographic trends; the concurrent social and economic changes ongoing throughout much of the region; and the awareness of policymakers to potential threats to the well-being of the elderly. As a result, policymakers are interested in fashioning programs that address emerging needs which are not excessively costly and which do not undermine traditional social arrangements. The paper reviews the key demographic changes and contrasts them with Europe; and then highlights three research perspectivescohort succession, family accommodations, and older life course transitionswhich can provide essential insights for policy and program development in the areas of health services, social welfare programs, and retirement provisions. The paper is a slightly revised version of one presented at the Annual Conference of the British Society for Population Studies, September 6-8, 1999 at University College, Dublin.
The Irony of Choice in Recruitment: When Similarity Turns Recruiters To Other Candidates

Across two experimental studies, we examine the influence of similarity perceptions on recruiters’ job fit perceptions of job applicants. In addition, a robustness study extends the effect of similarity by introducing work-related sources of similarity and tests the relationship between workrelated similarities on similarity perceptions. Moreover, we explore the emotional and cognitive mechanisms behind the effects of similarity perceptions on job fit. We also propose and test a boundary condition, such that, when job desirability is low, the effect of demographic similarity on perceived similarity is reversed. The sample for the three studies consist of specialized master’s students with work experience in human resources management who acted as recruiters in a resume screening situation. The results show that the effects of similarity are not always positive for job fit perceptions. The studies provide evidence that when recruiters perceive applicants as similar to themselves, biased evaluations occur. Finally, we provide results that show the effects of mediation and moderation analysis whereby liking mediates the relationship between similarity perceptions and job fit perceptions through emotional, cognitive and motivational sequential mediators. Additionally, job desirability moderates the relationship between demographic similarity and similarity perceptions so that when job desirability is low, the effect of demographic similarity on perceived similarity is reversed.
A Learning Approach to Improving Sentence-Level Machine Translation Evaluation

The problem of evaluating machine translation (MT) systems is more challenging than it may first appear, as many diverse translations may often be considered equally correct. The task is even more difficult when practical circumstances require the evaluation to be done automatically, e.g., for incremental system development and error analysis. While several automatic metrics such as Bleu have been proposed and adopted for large-scale MT system discrimination, they all fail to achieve satisfactory levels of correlation with human judgements at the sentence level. Here, a new class of learning metrics based on support vector machines is proposed and shown to significantly improve upon current automatic evaluators, increasing performance halfway toward that achieved by independent human evaluators. Training only to classify translations as either machineor human-produced avoids the myriad problems inherent in obtaining the desired human judgement targets, and is shown to nevertheless induce a strong correlation with those judgements. Future research includes exploring dependencies with respect to the feature set.
Classification of Echolocation Calls from 14 Species of Bat by Support Vector Machines and Ensembles of Neural Networks

Calls from 14 species of bat were classified to genus and species using discriminant function analysis (DFA), support vector machines (SVM) and ensembles of neural networks (ENN). Both SVMs and ENNs outperformed DFA for every species while ENNs (mean identification rate – 97%) consistently outperformed SVMs (mean identification rate – 87%). Correct classification rates produced by the ENNs varied from 91% to 100%; calls from six species were correctly identified with 100% accuracy. Calls from the five species of Myotis, a genus whose species are considered difficult to distinguish acoustically, had correct identification rates that varied from 91 – 100%. Five parameters were most important for classifying calls correctly while seven others contributed little to classification performance.
Monetary and Non-Monetary Punishment in the Voluntary Contributions Mechanism

In this paper we replicate and extend the experiment of Fehr and Gaechter (2000) that analyzes the effect of an opportunity to punish others on the level contributions in the Voluntary Contributions Mechanism. The punishment is costly for both the players distributing and those receiving the punishment. Like Fehr and Gaechter, we find that agents often engage in non-credible costly punishment behavior in order to reduce earnings of others who contribute low amounts to the public good. The availability of punishment increases average contributions sharply. Here, we also introduce a second treatment, identical to the first treatment, except that the "punishment" is non-monetary. The assignment of "non-monetary" punishment points does not reduce the payoff of any agent, but it can be used to register disapproval of others' contribution levels. We find that the existence of the possibility of "non-monetary" punishment alone increases the average level of contributions and earnings, though by less than the monetary punishment. This suggests that the increase in cooperation observed by Fehr and Gaechter is not only due to the possibility of monetary penalties, but also from the opportunity of others to express their disapproval of free riding behavior. It illustrates the importance of peer pressure on individual behavior in teams.
Are clones harmful for maintenance?

We often find clones in semantically related programs parts. This semantic relationship, not clones, is a prime reason for maintenance problems, as semantically related program parts must be changed in sync no matter of clones. Only clones resulting from bad design hinder program maintainability. Long-lived essential clones that should not or cannot be eliminated are mostly neutral in respect to maintenance effort, and in some cases even help in maintenance. On the other hand, the presence of such clones signifies program parts that often are more difficult to maintain than clone-free parts.
Functional Heterogeneity of the UpaH Autotransporter Protein from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of urinary tract infections (UTI). To cause a UTI, UPEC must adhere to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract and overcome the shear flow forces of urine. This function is mediated primarily by fimbrial adhesins, which mediate specific attachment to host cell receptors. Another group of adhesins that contributes to UPEC-mediated UTI is autotransporter (AT) proteins. AT proteins possess a range of virulence properties, such as adherence, aggregation, invasion, and biofilm formation. One recently characterized AT protein of UPEC is UpaH, a large adhesin-involved-in-diffuse-adherence (AIDA-I)-type AT protein that contributes to biofilm formation and bladder colonization. In this study we characterized a series of naturally occurring variants of UpaH. We demonstrate that extensive sequence variation exists within the passenger-encoding domain of UpaH variants from different UPEC strains. This sequence variation is associated with functional heterogeneity with respect to the ability of UpaH to mediate biofilm formation. In contrast, all of the UpaH variants examined retained a conserved ability to mediate binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of the UpaH passenger domain identified a conserved region (UpaHCR) and a hydrophobic region (UpaHHR). Deletion of these domains reduced biofilm formation but not the binding to ECM proteins. Despite variation in the upaH sequence, the transcription of upaH was repressed by a conserved mechanism involving the global regulator H-NS, and mutation of the hns gene relieved this repression. Overall, our findings shed new light on the regulation and functions of the UpaH AT protein.
Evolutionary Psychology Levels of Explanation in Evolutionary Psychology 2 the Metatheory Level of Analysis 3 Metatheoretical Assumptions That Are Consensually Held by Evolutionary Scientists 3 Natural Selection 4 Adaptation 4 Sexual Selection 6 Inclusive Fitness Theory 7 Special Metatheoretical Ass

Evolutionary psychology is the application of the principles and knowledge of evolutionary biology to psychological theory and research. Its central assumption is that the human brain is comprised of a large number of specialized mechanisms that were shaped by natural selection over vast periods of time to solve the recurrent information-processing problems faced by our ancestors (Symons, 1995). These problems include such things as choosing which foods to eat, negotiating social hierarchies, dividing investment among offspring, and selecting mates. The field of evolutionary psychology focuses on identifying these information-processing problems, developing models of the brain-mind mechanisms that may have evolved to solve them, and testing these models The field of evolutionary psychology has emerged dramatically over the last 15 years, as indicated by exponential growth in the number of empirical and theoretical articles in the area (Table 1.1). These articles extend into all branches of psychology—from cognitive psychology (e. In this chapter we provide an introduction to the field of evolutionary psychology. We describe the methodology that evolutionary psychologists use to explain human cognition and behavior. This description begins at the broadest level with a review of the basic, guiding assumptions that are employed by evolutionary psychologists. We then show how evolutionary psychologists apply these assumptions to develop more specific theoretical models that are tested in research. We use examples of sex and mating to demonstrate how evolutionary psychological theories are developed and tested. Why do siblings fight with each other for parental atten-tion? Why are men more likely than women to kill sexual rivals? Why are women most likely to have extramarital sex when they are ovulating? To address such questions, evolutionary psychologists employ multiple levels of explanation ranging from broad metatheoretical assumptions, to more specific middle-level theories, to actual hypotheses and predictions that are tested in research (Buss, 1995; Ketelaar & Ellis, 2000). These levels of explanation are ordered in a hierarchy (see Figure 1.1) and constitute the methodology that evolutionary psychologists use to address questions about human nature. At the top of the hierarchy are the basic metatheoretical assumptions of modern evolutionary theory. This set of guiding assumptions, which together are referred to as evolutionary metatheory, provide the foundation that evolutionary scientists use to build more specific theoretical models. We begin by describing (a) the primary set of metatheoretical assumptions that are consensually held by evolutionary scientists and (b) the special set of metatheoretical assumptions that distinguish …