Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting State Changes of Indoor Everyday Objects using Wi-Fi Channel State Information

Detecting the events of indoor everyday objects such as door or window open/close events has been actively studied to implement such applications as intrusion detection, adaptive HVAC control, and monitoring an independently living elderly person. This study proposes a method for detecting the events and states of indoor everyday objects such as doors and windows without using distributed sensors attached to the objects. In this study, we achieve practical and unobtrusive event detection using a commodity Wi-Fi access point and a computer equipped with a commodity Wi-Fi module. Specifically, we detect the events using Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI), which describes how a signal propagates from a transmitter to a receiver, and is affected by such events. To handle CSI data that consists of the mixed effects of multiple indoor objects in an environment of interest, we employ independent component analysis to separate the events caused by the objects. The decomposed data are then fed into our event classifier based on convolutional and recurrent neural networks to automatically extract features from CSI data, as it is difficult to intuitively design features to be extracted from the CSI data. Moreover, we correct the neural network estimates by incorporating knowledge about the state transitions of an object using hidden Markov models. For example, because the “open” event of a door occurs only when the door is in a “closed” state. We correct impossible state transitions estimated by the neural network based on this knowledge.
Low Paneth cell numbers at onset of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease identify patients at high risk for nonrelapse mortality.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an often lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Clinical severity correlates with outcomes, but histopathologic grading is primarily used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. One barrier to using histopathologic grading to predict clinical outcomes is inter-grader variability among transplant centers. Recent experimental models have shown that the loss of Paneth cells, which are located in the small intestine and help regulate the GI microbiome by secreting antimicrobial peptides, correlates with clinical GVHD severity. Because Paneth cells are easy to identify and quantify by light microscopy, we evaluated the mean number of Paneth cells per high-powered field (hpf) in 116 duodenal biopsies obtained at diagnosis of GI GVHD at 2 different centers with their clinical outcomes. Paneth cell counts were reproducible between centers (r(2) = 0.81; P < . 0001). Lower numbers of Paneth cells at diagnosis correlated with clinically more severe GI GVHD (P < .0001) and less likelihood of response to GVHD treatment (P < .0001). A threshold of 4 Paneth cells per hpf stratified patients according to nonrelapse mortality (28% vs 56%; P = .004). We conclude that the enumeration of duodenal Paneth cells is a readily available index of disease severity that provides important information regarding GVHD prognosis.
Mechanisms of functional recovery following lesions of visual cortex or superior colliculus in neonate and adult hamsters.

Brain damage inflicted early in life can have both behavioral and neuroanatomical consequences which differ from the effects of lesions in the adult. The experimental results reported here clarify some of these differences, and narrow the range of tenable hypotheses concerning the roles of subcortical visual pathways in functional recovery from cortical and midbrain tectal lesions. Lesions of superior colliculus or visual cortex in the adult Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) have clearly distinguishable consequences in visually guided behavior [SCHNEIDER, 1966, 1967, 1969]. To human observers, who spend much of their time looking at the behavior of fellow primates, the hamster is not an ovenvhelmingly visual animal, but he is more obviously visual than the laboratory rat and has a superior colliculus more accessible to a direct surgical approach [SCHNEIDER, 1966]. Moreover, the hamster's colliculus is about as large in surface area as area 17 of the neocortex; and the superficial gray layer of the colliculus, throughout which optic tract terminals are found, has a volume more than twice as great as that of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body (unpublished data).
Self-Regulation Failure: An Overview

The major patterns of self-regulatory failure are reviewed. Underregulation occurs because of deficient standards, inadequate monitoring, or inadequate strength. Misregulation occurs because of false assumptions or misdirected efforts, especially an unwarranted emphasis on emotion. The evidence supports a strength (limited resource) model of self-regulation and suggests that people often acquiesce in losing control. Loss of control of attention, failure of transcendence, and various lapse-activated causes all contribute to regulatory failure.
Tissue specificity in the nuclear envelope supports its functional complexity

Nuclear envelope links to inherited disease gave the conundrum of how mutations in near-ubiquitous proteins can yield many distinct pathologies, each focused in different tissues. One conundrum-resolving hypothesis is that tissue-specific partner proteins mediate these pathologies. Such partner proteins may have now been identified with recent proteome studies determining nuclear envelope composition in different tissues. These studies revealed that the majority of the total nuclear envelope proteins are tissue restricted in their expression. Moreover, functions have been found for a number these tissue-restricted nuclear envelope proteins that fit with mechanisms proposed to explain how the nuclear envelope could mediate disease, including defects in mechanical stability, cell cycle regulation, signaling, genome organization, gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and differentiation. The wide range of functions to which these proteins contribute is consistent with not only their involvement in tissue-specific nuclear envelope disease pathologies, but also tissue evolution.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION AND EMOTION REGULATION TRAINING IN THE AFFECT AND MOOD OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS VICTIMS

Background: Mindfulness and emotion regulation have important effects on the variables related to mental health in chemical weapons victims. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training on the affect and mood in chemical weapons victims. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted with two experimental groups and a control group including 47 male chemical weapons victims with high scores on the General Health Questionnaire in Sardasht city, Iran, randomly selected and then assigned to mindfulness training, emotion regulation training, and control groups. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training was used with experimental group 1, emotion regulation (ER) training was implemented with experimental group 2, and the control group received no training. Data were gathered using the General Health Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect and DepressionHappiness scales. Analysis of variance with repeated measure was used for analyzing the data. Results: The results indicated that mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training significantly increased positive affect and mood and decreased negative affect in chemical weapons victims. Conclusion: The results supported the effectiveness of mindfulness and emotion regulation training on affect and mood in chemical victims. Therefore, attention to the effectiveness of mindfulness and emotion regulation on variables related to mental health is important in chemical weapon victims.
Dyslexia and other learning difficulties

Part 1 Introduction: what are specific learning difficulties? how a specific learning difficulty is diagnosed theories of causation how parents can help - general principles. Part 2 Areas of learning: reading spelling writing arithmetic language attention (hyperactivity) and sequential organization co-ordination and clumsiness social and emotional development. Part 3: contoversial treatments adulthood.
Predicting mode of delivery using mid-pregnancy ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length.

BACKGROUND It has been recognized that preterm labor is related to short cervical length and that poor progress in labor is a major indication for cesarean section at term. We therefore hypothesize that long cervix is not associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery during labor at term. OBJECTIVES The objective is to determine the relationship between cervical length at mid-pregnancy and mode of delivery and preterm delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trans-vaginal ultrasonographic scan measurement of cervical length was done for 281 pregnant women at a mean gestational age of 22 weeks. These women were followed up till delivery and the mode of delivery and the cervical length were analyzed for associations. RESULTS Cesarean section due to poor progress in labor at term constituted 11.7%. The cesarean section for the highest quartile cervical length (40-67 mm) was 50% (P value 0.0018 for trend). Of the 33 women whose mode of delivery was cesarean section due to poor progress 18 (54.5%) had cervical length of more than 40 cm. The likelihood ratio of cesarean section due to poor progress of labor at term among women at the upper quartile cervical length is 10.28 (P value 0.0013) CONCLUSION Long cervical length at mid-pregnancy predicts the possibility of cesarean delivery early in pregnancy. Hence, cervical length in mid-pregnancy can be of value in predicting the mode of delivery in early pregnancy.
Relationships among higher secondary students' beliefs about mathematical ability, goals, learning strategies, and mathematics achievement, in the Maldives: A three-path mediational analysis

Structural equation modelling techniques were used to test a three-path mediational model of mathematics achievement on the relationships among higher secondary students' beliefs about mathematical ability, achievement goals, learning strategies, and mathematics achievement. Participants were higher secondary students (n = 341) who were studying advanced level mathematics at the Centre for Higher Secondary Education, one of the largest school that provides higher secondary education in the Maldives. Questionnaires were used to collect self-report data. Students' final year mathematics results (i.e., standardised test results) were used as the achievement data. Incremental beliefs had a positive relation with mathematics achievement, mediated by mastery goals and deep-learning strategies. Incremental beliefs had a negative relation with mathematics achievement, mediated by performance-approach goals and surface-learning strategies. Entity beliefs had a negative relation with mathematics achievement, mediated through performance-avoidance goals and surface-learning strategies. Incremental beliefs also had an overall indirect positive relation, and entity beliefs had an overall indirect negative relation with the achievement. The results of the mediational model showed the best possible pathways that students could follow in the academic setting as far as performance and building capacity in mathematics were concerned. The results might be useful to teachers and educators with respect to making decisions aimed at creating a better learning environment for students and to improve the quality of mathematics education provided to higher secondary students in the Maldives.
Enrichment and Physiological Characterization of a Novel Nitrospira-Like Bacterium Obtained from a Marine Sponge

ABSTRACT Members of the nitrite-oxidizing genus Nitrospira are most likely responsible for the second step of nitrification, the conversion of nitrite (NO2−) to nitrate (NO3−), within various sponges. We succeeded in obtaining an enrichment culture of Nitrospira derived from the mesohyl of the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba using a traditional cultivation approach. Electron microscopy gave first evidence of the shape and ultrastructure of this novel marine Nitrospira-like bacterium (culture Aa01). We characterized these bacteria physiologically with regard to optimal incubation conditions, especially the temperature and substrate range in comparison to other Nitrospira cultures. Best growth was obtained at temperatures between 28°C and 30°C in mineral medium with 70% North Sea water and a substrate concentration of 0.5 mM nitrite under microaerophilic conditions. The Nitrospira culture Aa01 is very sensitive against nitrite, because concentrations higher than 1.5 mM resulted in a complete inhibition of growth. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the novel Nitrospira-like bacterium is separated from the sponge-specific subcluster and falls together with an environmental clone from Mediterranean sediments (98.6% similarity). The next taxonomically described species Nitrospira marina is only distantly related, with 94.6% sequence similarity, and therefore the culture Aa01 represents a novel species of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.
Controlling Grain Size and Continuous Layer Growth in Two-Dimensional MoS2 Films for Nanoelectronic Device Application

We report that control over the grain size and lateral growth of monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> film, yielding a uniform large-area monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> film, can be achieved by submitting the SiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces of the substrates to oxygen plasma treatment and modulating substrate temperature in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images and Raman spectra revealed that the MoS<sub>2</sub> lateral growth could be controlled by the surface treatment conditions and process temperatures. Moreover, the obtained monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> films showed excellent scalable uniformity covering a centimeter-scale SiO<sub>2</sub> /Si substrates, which was confirmed with Raman and photoluminescence mapping studies. Transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed that the MoS<sub>2</sub> film of the monolayer was largely single crystalline in nature. Back-gate field effect transistors based on a CVD-grown uniform monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> film showed a good current on/off ratio of ~10<sup>6</sup> and a field effect mobility of 7.23 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s. Our new approach to growing MoS<sub>2</sub> films is anticipated to advance studies of MoS<sub>2</sub> or other transition metal dichalcogenide material growth mechanisms and to facilitate the mass production of uniform high-quality MoS<sub>2</sub> films for the commercialization of a variety of applications.
Proton and Heavy-Ion Radiation Damage Studies in MOS Transistors

This paper discusses extensive radiation damage measurements that were made on unprotected, radiation-soft, p-channel MOS transistors irradiated with beams of either energetic protons or heavy ions. These studies provide important data and valuable insights into the radiation responses of this least complex type of MOS transistor to the different ions employed. For the heavy-ion irradiations under positive gate bias, charge recombination in the oxide was so pronounced that the threshold voltage shifts per unit dose were only a few percent of those measured for the proton exposures. The data also indicate that the heavier ions do considerable radiation damage in both the oxide and the channel that is markedly different than that observed for Co-60 or energetic proton irradiations. These differences in addition to being of fundamental importance raise the question of the suitability of employing heavy ions in certain kinds of device testing.
Do deaf children with Autism Spectrum Disorder showdeficits in the comprehension and production of emotionaland linguistic facial expressions in British Sign Language

Normally hearing children with ASD are often reported to have a lack of interest in others, particularly when looking at faces, as a result of this they manifest difficulties understanding and using facial expressions compared to typically developing controls. Deaf children often show advantages with the processing of the face, as they need to look to the face more to communicate, due to the presence of linguistic facial expressions in British Sign Language (BSL). It is unknown how deaf individuals with ASD will fare when processing faces. This is the first study to look at how deaf children with ASD compare to typically developing deaf controls on a face processing measure and a number of comprehension and production measures looking at affective and linguistic facial actions in BSL. Surprisingly the deaf ASD group showed no general face processing impairment or difficulty attending to the face for the purpose of communication, they did not show characteristics usually associated with hearing individuals with ASD. This suggests the extra experience gained from attending to faces may reduce face processing impairments in deaf individuals with ASD. More research is needed to warrant this conclusion. The deaf ASD group did demonstrate specific impairments with the comprehension and production of some affective facial expressions in BSL. Linguistic facial expressions were largely preserved, with the exception of adverbials. The impairments that emerged in the deaf ASD group were most pronounced when production or comprehension of the face required attributions about the mental states of others. These results suggest that deaf individuals with ASD are not impaired with face processing, rather they have a highly specific and subtle pattern of impairments with using the face in sign language.
Field Note—Integrating Policy and Political Content in BSW and MSW Field Placements

Practice incorporating policy and political social work is a key component of the social work profession and an area in which students would benefit from exposure during social work education. Field education presents a significant opportunity for students to develop policy and political practice skills; however, individual and structural barriers may prevent students from developing practice experience in this area. Based on a survey of bachelor of social work and master of social work field directors in the United States, this field note examines the current state of policy and political practice field opportunities and examines barriers to offering such opportunities more widely. Ideas to facilitate these field opportunities, including curriculum-wide education about policy practice, relationship building, creativity, and identifying diverse placement sites, are presented.
An Analysis of the Blind Variation and Selective Retention Theory of Creativity

Picasso's Guernica sketches continue to provide a fruitful testing ground for examining and assessing the Blind Variation Selective Retention (BVSR) theory of creativity. Nonmonotonicity—e.g., as indicated by a lack of similarity of successive sketches—is not evidence of a selectionist process. Although the notion of blindness originally implied randomness, it now encompasses phenomena that bias idea generation, e.g., the influence of remote associations on sketch ideas. However, for a selectionist framework is to be applicable, such biases must be negligible, otherwise evolutionary change is attributed to those biases, not to selection. The notion of variants should not be applied to creativity; without a mechanism of inheritance, there is no basis upon which to delineate, for example, which sketch ideas are or are not variants of a given sketch idea. The notion of selective retention is also problematic. Selection provides an explanation when acquired change is not transmitted; it cannot apply to Picasso's painting (or other creative acts) because his ideas acquired modifications, as he thought them through, that were incorporated into paintings and viewed by others. The generation of one sketch affects the criteria by which the next is judged, so sequentially generated sketches cannot be treated as members of a generation, and selected amongst. Although BVSR is inappropriate as a theoretical framework for creativity, exploring to what extent selectionism explains the generation of not just biological form but masterpieces such as Picasso's Guernica is useful for gaining insight into creativity.
Examining the use of conceptual graphs in adaptive web-based systems that aid terminology learning

This paper discussed the use of Conceptual Graphs (CGs) for implementing tasks employed in web-based educational systems that aid terminology learning. Specifically, we focus on two critical issues in intelligent tutoring - student diagnosis and generation of adaptive explanations. Both tasks are demonstrated in terminological domains where learners have to familiarize themselves with concepts in a specific subject area (e.g. computing, finance, chemistry). Based on CG reasoning, robust and computationally tractable algorithms for student modelling and adaptive explanation generation are defined. Two intelligent systems are presented — STyLE-OLM and HYLITE+. STyLE-OLM is an interactive learner modelling system that extracts extended models of the learners' cognition. HYLITE+ is a natural language generation system that generates adaptive Web pages based on a learner model(LM). The two systems are complementary and have been implemented separately. However, considered together they cover most of the key tasks in adaptive web-based educational hypermedia that aid learning technical terminology. Based on evaluative studies of STyLE-OLM and HYLITE+, the use of CGs for interactive open student modelling and adaptive concept explanations is examined. The applicability of CGs in adaptive web-based systems that aid learning technical terminology is discussed.
Prediction: A Case Study in Chile

Short time readmission prediction in Emergency Departments (ED) is a valuable tool to improve both the ED management and the healthcare quality. It helps identifying patients requiring further post-discharge attention as well as reducing healthcare costs. As in many other medical domains, patient readmission data is heavily imbalanced, i.e. the minority class is very infrequent, which is a challenge for the construction of accurate predictors using machine learning tools. We have carried computational experiments on a dataset composed of ED admission records spanning more than 100000 patients in 3 years, with a highly imbalanced distribution. We employed various approaches for dealing with this highly imbalanced dataset in combination with diﬀer-ent classiﬁcation algorithms and compared their predictive power for the estimation of the ED readmission probability within 72 h after discharge. Results show that random undersampling and Bagging (RUSBagging) in combination with Random Forest achieves the best results in terms of Area Under ROC Curve (AUC).