Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships between emotional and congruent self‐awareness and performance in the British Royal Navy

Purpose – This paper aims to present some findings from a wider study into effective command, leadership and management in the British Royal Navy (RN). Its aim is to increase understanding of two types of self‐awareness, emotional and congruent, and their relationship to job performance and personality.Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 261 Officers and Ratings in the Royal Navy. Performance was established through the organisation's own rigorous appraisal process, while personality and competency data were gathered through the use of the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ) and the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ). Two difference measures were computed to assess the congruence of self‐other assessment (d1) and degree of under‐ or over‐rating (d2). Findings – The results demonstrate that self‐evaluation of own performance (from LDQ) was significantly correlated with appraised (actual) performance. Hierarchical regression showed that both d scales explain significant vari.
Activities of Alkoxyalkyl Esters of Cidofovir (CDV), Cyclic CDV, and (S)-9-(3-Hydroxy-2-Phosphonylmethoxypropyl)Adenine against Orthopoxviruses in Cell Monolayers and in Organotypic Cultures

ABSTRACT The potencies of several alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against vaccinia virus and cowpox virus were evaluated in cell monolayers and three-dimensional epithelial raft cultures. Prodrugs were at least 20-fold more active than their parent compounds. Octadecycloxyethyl-(S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine emerged as the most potent derivative.
Natural History of Hyperlactataemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-infected Patients During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

A study on the course of hyperlactataemia during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the association between hyperlactataemia and antiretroviral drugs was conducted at the outpatient department, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen. Lactate levels were monitored in 848 patients during a study period of 1 y. Longitudinal analysis was performed on all human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients who had plasma lactate >2.1 mM. Hyperlactataemia was found in 178 patients (21%), of whom 7 patients needed treatment modification, owing to symptomatic hyperlactataemia in 3 and neuropathy in 4 patients, while 171 remained on unchanged therapy. Lactate levels increased in 20 patients during the study period, but the increases were modest with a mean of 0.6 mM (range 0.1-1.7 mM). The association between antiretroviral drugs and hyperlactataemia was studied using logistic regression in 263 patients with data on their treatment regimen available in electronic form. Only stavudine and ritonavir were significantly associated with hyperlactataemia, with odds ratios of 5.1 and 2.6, respectively. In conclusion, symptomatic hyperlactataemia is uncommon, while asymptomatic hyperlactataemia is a frequent and apparently benign condition unlikely to progress to lactic acidosis. A significant association between stavudine and hyperlactataemia was confirmed. The unexpected association between ritonavir and hyperlactataemia will need confirmation in future studies.
Toxicity and response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

The use of thiopurines is well established in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. A wealth of data and experience, amassed over several decades, supporting their efficacy has recently been challenged by trials that failed to show a benefit in Crohn’s disease when used early in the disease course, although other trials continue to support their role both as monotherapy and in combination with anti-TNF. Recent reports of previously unrecognized toxicity have also emerged. Fortunately, the absolute incidence of serious toxicity remains low, and an improved understanding of how best to minimize risk and the recognition of groups of patients at higher risk of toxicity from thiopurines means that they remain a relatively safe therapy in the majority of patients. In this paper, we review the literature evaluating the role of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease as well as their toxicity. We conclude that education regarding the spectrum of thiopurine side effects and optimal monitoring during therapy may help with optimizing safety and efficacy of these important medications.
Emergent Human Pathogen Simian Virus 40 and Its Role in Cancer

SUMMARY The polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) is a known oncogenic DNA virus which induces primary brain and bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and lymphomas in laboratory animals. Persuasive evidence now indicates that SV40 is causing infections in humans today and represents an emerging pathogen. A meta-analysis of molecular, pathological, and clinical data from 1,793 cancer patients indicates that there is a significant excess risk of SV40 associated with human primary brain cancers, primary bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experimental data strongly suggest that SV40 may be functionally important in the development of some of those human malignancies. Therefore, the major types of tumors induced by SV40 in laboratory animals are the same as those human malignancies found to contain SV40 markers. The Institute of Medicine recently concluded that “the biological evidence is of moderate strength that SV40 exposure could lead to cancer in humans under natural conditions. ” This review analyzes the accumulating data that indicate that SV40 is a pathogen which has a possible etiologic role in human malignancies. Future research directions are considered.
Bridging the gap: An analysis of the needs of second‐year science teachers

This article reports on the themes and issues which impact on the pedagogical development of 14 beginning science teachers at the end of their second year of full-time teaching. The research data was derived from semistructured interviews with the teachers and endeavors to portray the teachers' perspective of their development. This article demonstrates some of the difficulties associated with learning to teach science when teachers come from a preservice education program that encourages them to consider their understanding of learning and how it relates to their approach to teaching. The teachers in this study recognize how the factors of time, confidence and support each individually influence their teaching. However, when these three factors are considered together and are juxtaposed with the experiences and ideals of their preservice education program, the factors combined become a dilemma as they attempt to bridge the gap between what they hope to do as science teachers and what they can do in the real world of schools. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PheroMusic: Navigating a Musical Space for Active Music Experiences

We consider the issue of how a flexible musical space can be manipulated by users of an active music system. The musical space is navigated within by selecting transitions between different sections of the space. We take inspiration from pheromone trails in ant colonies to propose and investigate an approach that allows an artificial agent to navigate such musical spaces in accordance with the preferences of the user, and a set of boundaries specified by the designer of the musical space.
ADA Title I Allegations Related to Unlawful Discharge: Characteristics of Charging Parties

This article describes findings from a causal comparative study of the characteristics of charging parties who filed allegations of discrimination related to discharge with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) between 1992 and 2008. Charging party characteristics derived from 140,581 closed unlawful discharge and constructive discharge allegations were compared and contrasted to 165,447 closed allegations aggregated from four other prevalent forms of discrimination, including hiring, disability harassment and intimidation, reasonable accommodations, and terms and conditions of employment. Tests of proportion distributed as chi-square were used to form comparisons along a variety of factors, including age, gender, type of impairment, and race/ethnicity of the charging party. In comparison to nondischarge allegations, discharge-related allegations were more likely to be filed by charging parties who are male; younger (between the ages of 15 and 34); and coping with heart/cardiovascular conditions, cancer, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, alcoholism, drug addiction, and mental retardation. People with disabilities who filed discharge allegations were comparatively less likely to be female; between the ages of 35 and 64; and White or of Asian, Hispanic, or Native American extraction. Implications for future research and HRD practice are discussed.
Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Adaptive Responses to Boron Defi ciency Stress in Arabidopsis

Boron (B) is a micronutrient for vascular plants, and B deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many areas worldwide. To gain a better insight into the adaptability mechanism of plant responses to B starvation, an Arabidopsis whole genome Affymetrix GeneChip was used to evaluate global gene expression alterations in response to short- and long-term B deficiency stress. A large number of B deficiency-responsive genes were identified and grouped by their functions. Genes linked to jasmonic acid (JA) showed the most prominent response under B deficiency. The transcripts for biosynthesis and regulation of JA were constantly induced during short- and long-term B deficiency stress. A set of well-known JA-dependent process and responsive genes showed the same expression profile. This suggested that JA could be a pivotal player in the integration of adaptive responses to B deficiency stress. Moreover, other functional groups of B deficiency-responsive genes (including various encoding the biosynthesis of antioxidants, the basic components of Ca2+ signalling, protein kinases, cell wall-modifying enzymes and proteins, H+-ATPase, K+ transporters, and a set of enzymes involved in central metabolism and cellular growth) were also observed, and their physiological roles under B deficiency stress are discussed. These results provide some information for a better understanding of plant-adaptive responses to B deficiency stress and potential strategies to improve B efficiency in crops
Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa

In the late 1980s Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia began to experience the trend toward economic liberalization and political democratization taking place at the time in Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Misguided economic policies, bureaucratic mismanagement, political corruption, and cultural alienation combined to create a popular demand for change. It seemed for a time that a new and more open politics would transform the region. Instead, authoritarian states mobilized to repress the populist opposition led by politicized Islamist movements. Analyzing developments over the last two decades from the perspectives of political culture and political economy, America's leading scholars of North Africa provide insights into the region's continuing political crisis. Contributors are Lisa Anderson, Dale F. Eickelman, John P. Entelis, Clement M. Henry, Mark Tessler, Susan Waltz, John Waterbury, John O. Voll, and I. William Zartman.
Cooperative model of epithelial shaping and bending during avian neurulation: Autonomous movements of the neural plate, autonomous movements of the epidermis, and interactions in the neural plate/epidermis transition zone

Morphogenetic movements during neurulation cause a tissue to change shape within the plane of the epithelium (e.g., conversion of the oval neural plate into the narrow spinal plate and the wide brain plate), cause bending out of the plane of the epithelium (e.g., raise the neural folds and curl the neural plate into a tube), or contribute to both phenomena. In this study, pieces that contain neural plate alone, epidermis alone, or both tissues (with or without underlying tissues) are cut from chick embryos and allowed to develop for up to 24 hr. Examination of histological sections through such isolates allows analysis of the formation of neural folds. When the neural plate/epidermis transition zone is disrupted, neural folds do not form. Conversely, when the transition zone remains intact, neural folds form. Neural folds form even when most of the medial neural plate and lateral epidermis has been removed, leaving only the isolated transition zone. These data indicate that the transition zone is both necessary and sufficient for the formation of neural folds. The transition zone may play a number of roles in epithelial bending including organizing, focussing, and redirecting movements that are autonomous to the neural plate or epidermis. Time‐lapse video recording, and sequential photographs allowed the documentation of such movements. Neural plate isolates exhibit autonomous rostrocaudal lengthening and mediolateral narrowing. Isolated strips of epidermis exhibit autonomous movements which, unlike wound‐healing movements, are unidirectional (mediad), and region‐specific (beginning and reaching their greatest extent in the cranial region). Isolated pieces of neural plate or epidermis remain flat instead of bending, providing further evidence that the transition zone is necessary for the formation of neural folds. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stochastic Idiosyncratic Volatility , Portfolio Constraints , and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns ∗

I present a simple model to show that if agents face binding portfolio constraints, stocks with high volatility in states of low market returns demand a premium beyond the one implied by systematic risks. Assets whose volatility positively covaries with market volatility also have high expected returns. Both effects are strongest for assets that face more binding trading restrictions. Unlike the prior empirical literature that obtains mixed results when focusing on the level of idiosyncratic volatility, I investigate the dynamic behavior of idiosyncratic volatility and find strong support for my predictions. Comovement of innovations of idiosyncratic volatility with market returns negatively predicts returns for trading restricted relative to unrestricted stocks, and comovement of idiosyncratic volatility with market volatility positively predicts returns for restricted assets. JEL Classification: G11, G12.
Molecular dynamics simulations of molten CaAl2Si2O8: Dependence of structure and properties on pressure

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on molten CaAl2Si2O8 at nine pressures from 0.2 to 76 GPa at 4000 K, well above the computed glass transition temperature. A simple effective pair-potential with both Coulombic interaction and Born-Mayer- Huggins short-range repulsion was used. Simulations of duration 30 ps long were performed in the microcanonical ensemble (NEV) utilizing 1300 particles (O+Ca+Si+Al). As pressure increases, profound changes occur in the relative abundance of [4]T, [5]T, [6]T, [7]T, and [8]T (T = Si,Al) as well as in the coordination of Ca by O. At low pressure, most T are in fourfold coordination with oxygen, oxygen is twofold coordinated to T, and Ca has six to seven nearest O atom neighbors. At 5 GPa, where [5]T maximizes, more than half of the T atoms are pentahedrally coordinated ([5]T) in distorted trigonal bipyramids. Both [4]T (25%) and [6]T (18%) are present at 5 GPa and change rapidly as pressure increases ([4]T decreases and [6]T increases). At 5 GPa, the average coordination number (CN) of oxygen about Ca is 8. At 20 GPa, [6]T constitutes more than 50% of the TOn subunit population and the CN of oxygen around Ca is 10. At medium range (3 to 10 Å ), the most significant change in melt structure as pressure increases is replacement of corner-sharing ring-former TOn polyhedra with edge-sharing polyhedra pairs such as TO5-TO6 and TO6-TO6. The destruction of the ring structure correlates with the maximization of Ar solubility as pressure increases. Ring structure collapse is geometrically captured by variation in the distribution of T-O-T angles with increasing pressure. The low-pressure maximum at 140° with large variance agrees with X-ray data and follows from the distribution of N-member rings with N ranging from 4 to 8 (or larger). At higher pressure, the T-O-T distribution narrows and shifts toward smaller angles around 105° consistent with the dominating presence of edge sharing between TO6-TO6 and TO5-TO6 pairs. Tracer diffusivities for O, Ca, Al, and Si increase at low pressure as pressure increases. The diffusivity of oxygen correlates with ring collapse and attains a maximum at 5 GPa (Dox = 6.6 × 10-9 m2/s); the ratio of diffusivities for Ca, Al, and Si relative to oxygen are 0.67, 0.62, and 0.51, respectively. These data suggest that pentahedrally coordinated T acts as an ‘‘activated complex’’ for oxygen diffusion. Below 5 GPa, activation volumes (V*) for all species are large in absolute value and lie in the range - 25 to - 35 cm3/mol; these are similar in absolute value to the partial molar volume of Ar in molten CaAl2Si2O8 of 22 cm3/mol. The large absolute values for Va at low pressure correlate with the contribution to the isothermal compressibility made by configurational effects inferred from Brillouin scattering experiments. At higher pressure, the anomalous diffusion disappears. Va decreases for all species in absolute value and changes sign; at 20 GPa, Va is about + 3 cm3/mol, much smaller than the partial molar volume of Ar in molten anorthite.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the 5 Untranslated Region of RAD 51 and Risk of Cancer among BRCA 1 / 2 Mutation Carriers 1

RAD51 colocalizes with both BRCA1 and BRCA2, and genetic variants in RAD51 would be candidate BRCA1/2 modifiers. We searched for RAD51 polymorphisms by sequencing 20 individuals. We compared the polymorphism allele frequencies between female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with and without breast or ovarian cancer and between population-based ovarian cancer cases with BRCA1/2 mutations to cases and controls without mutations. We discovered two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions 135 g3c and 172 g3t of the 5 untranslated region. In an initial group of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, 14 (21%) of 67 breast cancer cases carried a “c” allele at RAD51:135 g3c, whereas 8 (7%) of 119 women without breast cancer carried this allele. In a second set of 466 mutation carriers from three centers, the association of RAD51:135 g3c with breast cancer risk was not confirmed. Analyses restricted to the 216 BRCA2 mutation carriers, however, showed a statistically significant association of the 135 “c” allele with the risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence limit, 1.4–40). BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with ovarian cancer were only about one half as likely to carry the RAD51:135 g3c SNP. Analysis of the RAD51:135 g3c SNP in 738 subjects from an Israeli ovarian cancer case-control study was consistent with a lower risk of ovarian cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with the “c” allele. We have identified a RAD51 5 untranslated region SNP that may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and a lower risk of ovarian cancer among BRCA2 mutation carriers. The biochemical basis of this risk modifier is currently unknown.
Transition to parenthood by British couples

Abstract The stressfulness of the arrival of a child was assessed in couples who were studied from early pregnancy to the end of the first postnatal year. Checklists used in previous work were distributed to 128 women about 22 weeks postnatal and indicated that for the majority of women, the arrival of the child did not represent a severely stressful or difficult experience. The marital relationships of most women seemed satisfactory. Women who did report the birth of a child as difficult and as a crisis tended to also report psychological distress in pregnancy and depression of mood in the postnatal period.
Lower limits of cerebrovascular permeability to nonelectrolytes in the conscious rat.

Am. L Physinl. : 2kart I&c*. 2hyCL $3): H299-~3~1j 1978. - Vascular permeability P in different cerebral regions of the conscious rat was determined, independently of blood flow, for “C tracers of glycerol, mannitol, sucrose, and inulin. A tracer was injected intravenously, arterial plasma concentrations were monitored, and regional brain concentrations were measured at specific times thereafter. A plasma-brain two-compartment model was used to calculate mean regional values of P, letting capillary area equal 240 cm”*g? P was Z4 X 10+ cm * s-* for glycerol, 0.95-1.4 X lop7 for mannitol, 2.53,O x 10mH for sucrose, and 1.0-1.4 x IO-! ) for inulin. Cerebrovascular permeability coefficients correspond to coefficients at single cell membranes and lipid bilayers, but are 1,000 times less than at muscle capillaries, The relation between cerebrovascular prmeability and octanol/water partition suggests that saccharides diffuse into the brain through homogeneous endothelial cell membranes and not through capillary pores or by means of vesicles. Estimated cerebral distribution volumes for the tracers indicate that glycerol distributes rapidly within the brain extracellular and intracellular compartments and may be incorporated into the metabolic pool, that mannitol distributes extracellularly and partially intracellularly, and that sucrose remains within the extracellular space.
Differences in the affective processing of words and pictures

Abstract It is often assumed that affective information is represented within a semantic network. This hypothesis is more closely examined here, using a picture-word variant of the Stroop task. The studies are inspired by a recent theory of W.R. Glaser and M.O. Glaser (1989), who proposed a distinction between a semantic system, to which pictures have privileged access, and a lexical system with privileged access for words. If affective information is stored in the semantic system, differences in the affective processing of words and pictures can be expected. In Experiment 1, subjects had to name the affective value of the picture (or the word) of a picture-word stimulus. It was found that affect-incongruent distractors influenced the affective categorisation of words, but not of pictures. Also, the evaluation of pictures was much faster than the evaluation of words. Finally, the results showed that negative targets were categorised more quickly than positive ones, regardless of the type of target. In Exp.
"This is Hans Fritzsche": A Nazi Broadcaster and His Audience

In World War II Hans Fritzsche was Germany's most prominent radio commentator. His rise to mass popularity was testimony to the not entirely unsuccessful efforts of Nazi propaganda to promote a softer, wittier, more popular, and entertaining side of the regime. On the other hand, however, popular opinion surveys of Fritzsche's broadcasts, unpublished letters to Fritzsche, and other archival material provide a more nuanced picture of the relationship between a broadcaster and his audience. This leads to the question of the effectiveness of Nazi wartime radio propaganda and to what degree Germans approved of Nazi ideology during the war years.
Free distance computation of turbo BCH codes

The paper presents an algorithm for the free distance determination of turbo Bose Ray Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) codes constructed by row-column interleavers. The algorithm calculates the minimum weights of turbo BCH codes obtained from input bitstreams having different weights. Among the minimum weights calculated in different cases, the minimum one is being considered as the free distance of turbo BCH codes. This is being achieved applying specifications of the interleaver and constituent BCH codes. Based on the computed free distances, the upper bound of probability of error for different turbo BCH codes is determined. It agrees with simulation results of the code performance in the error floor region.