Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative abundance of Nicrophorus pustulatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in a burying beetle community, with notes on its reproductive behavior

Recently, there has been considerable interest in competitive interactions between sympatric species of burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) which use small (mouseto rat-sized) vertebrate carrion in reproduction (Wilson et al., 1984; Mtiller and Eggert, 1987; Kozol et al., 1988; Trumbo, 1990a, 1990b, 1992). However, the extent of resource competition between N. pustulatus Herschel and other burying beetles has remained enigmatic because N. pustulatus have never been found on small vertebrate carcasses in nature (Wilson et al., 1984; Trumbo, 1990a), and their reproductive behavior is virtually unknown. In this paper I examine the relative abundance of N. pustulatus in an eastern Ontario burying beetle community, as well as its reproductive behavior in the laboratory. My goal is to provide information aimed at improving our understanding of competitive relationships between N. pustulatus and other burying beetles. Burying beetles conceal and defend small vertebrate carrion below ground as a food resource for themselves and their offspring. Males and females attracted to carrion engage in intense intrasexual combat, with the largest male and female usually remaining to bury the carcass (Wilson and Fudge, 1984; Bartlett and Ashworth, 1988). The pair excavate a narrow space around the interred carcass (forming a crypt), strip the carcass of fur or feathers, and cover it with anal secretions that prevent fungal growth
Secretory Phospholipase A2-Mediated Depletion of Phosphatidylglycerol in Early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Introduction: Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) hydrolyze phospholipids in cell membranes and extracellular structures such as pulmonary surfactant. This study tests the hypothesis that sPLA2 are elevated in human lungs during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and that sPLA2 levels are associated with surfactant injury by hydrolysis of surfactant phospholipids. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 18 patients with early ARDS (<72 hours) and compared with samples from 10 healthy volunteers. Secreted phospholipase A2 levels were measured (enzyme activity and enzyme immunoassay) in conjunction with ARDS subjects' surfactant abnormalities including surfactant phospholipid composition, large and small aggregates distribution and surface tension function. Results: BAL sPLA2 enzyme activity was markedly elevated in ARDS samples relative to healthy subjects when measured by ex vivo hydrolysis of both phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Enzyme immunoassay identified increased PLA2G2A protein in the ARDS BAL fluid, which was strongly correlated with the sPLA2 enzyme activity against PG. Of particular interest, the authors demonstrated an average depletion of 69% of the PG in the ARDS sample large aggregates relative to the normal controls. Furthermore, the sPLA2 enzyme activity against PG and PC ex vivo correlated with the BAL recovery of in vivo PG and PC, respectively, and also correlated with the altered distribution of the large and small surfactant aggregates. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that sPLA2-mediated hydrolysis of surfactant phospholipid, especially PG by PLA2G2A, contributes to surfactant injury during early ARDS.
A longitudinal examination of the work–nonwork boundary strength construct

Many organizations are blurring the boundaries between work and nonwork through practices such as flextime, telecommuting, and on-site day-cares. Such integration of work and nonwork is purported to help employees find the seemingly elusive “work-life balance. ” Scholarly investigations of this issue have increased in number, but a standard measure of work–nonwork boundary strength has yet to emerge. The purpose of this research is to explore the boundary strength construct through the process of measure validation. In Study 1, data were collected from students (N = 162) to pilot test the measure. Study 2 was a longitudinal field study in which data were collected from employees of Canadian organizations (Survey 1: N = 793; Matched data for Surveys 1 & 2: N = 205). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized two-factor structure of the work–nonwork boundary strength measure, confirming the importance of differentiating boundary strength at home (BSH) and boundary strength at work (BSW). Longitudinal analyses confirmed the structural invariance of the measure and revealed that boundary strengths are relatively stable over a period of 1 year. Role identification was related to boundary strength at home only. Weak boundaries, both at home and at work, were associated with high inter-role conflict. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances on Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Reinforced Ceramics Nanocomposites

Ceramics suffer the curse of extreme brittleness and demand new design philosophies and novel concepts of manufacturing to overcome such intrinsic drawbacks, in order to take advantage of most of their excellent properties. This has been one of the foremost challenges for ceramic material experts. Tailoring the ceramics structures at nanometre level has been a leading research frontier; whilst upgrading via reinforcing ceramic matrices with nanomaterials including the latest carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene has now become an eminent practice for advanced applications. Most recently, several new strategies have indeed improved the properties of the ceramics/CNT nanocomposites, such as by tuning with dopants, new dispersions routes and modified sintering methods. The utilisation of graphene in ceramic nanocomposites, either as a solo reinforcement or as a hybrid with CNTs, is the newest development. This article will summarise the recent advances, key difficulties and potential applications of the ceramics nanocomposites reinforced with CNTs and graphene.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders

Introduction. Fairburn, This Book and How to Use It. Fairburn, Eating Disorders: The Transdiagnostic View and the Cognitive Behavioral Theory. Fairburn, Cooper, Shafran, Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT-E): An Overview. Fairburn, Cooper, Waller, The Patients: Their Assessment, Preparation for Treatment and Medical Management. Fairburn, Cooper, Shafran, Bohn, Hawker, Murphy, Straebler, Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Eating Disorders: The Core Protocol. Starting Well. Achieving Early Change. Taking Stock and Designing the Rest of Treatment. Shape Concern. Shape Checking. Feeling Fat and Mindsets. Dietary Restraint, Dietary Rules and Controlling Eating. Events, Moods and Eating. Underweight and Under-eating. Ending Well. Adaptations of CBT-E. Fairburn, Cooper, Shafran, Bohn, Hawker, Clinical Perfectionism, Core Low Self-esteem and Interpersonal Problems. Cooper, Stewart, CBT-E and the Younger Patient. Grave, Bohn, Hawker, Fairburn, Inpatient, Day Patient and Two Forms of Outpatient CBT-E. Fairburn, Cooper, Waller, 'Complex Cases' and Comorbidity. Postscript. Fairburn, Looking Forward. Appendices. Fairburn, Cooper, O'Connor, Appendix A: Eating Disorder Examination (16.0D). Fairburn, Beglin, Appendix B: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q6.0). Bohn, Fairburn, Appendix C: Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA 3.0).
Socio-Psychoanalytic Perspectives on the Subordinate

This paper integrates psychoanalytic and sociological concepts to examine what persons do with the role of subordinate in the work situation, specifically in relations with immediate superiors. Focusing on the side of the subordinate, the authority relation at work is viewed as a complex emotional attachment and understood as a dynamic process-one which considerably reflects and conforms around the internal needs, dispositions, and conflicts of the individual in the subordinate position. It is argued that patterns of relating to authority crystallize in the earliest years of life in connection with parents and that by way of patterned movements throughout the life-course, persons choose and modify contexts that sustain these patterns. Recurrent themes relating to subordinates' paradoxical needs and ambivalence around dependency and control are discussed. A case study of an attorney's relations with her superiors is presented to illustrate how these emotional dynamics unfold and are expressed. Special attention is paid to the ways in which dealings with superiors are navigated in a manner reminiscent of earlier ways of being and acting with parents.
Discovering Biological Progression Underlying Microarray Samples

In biological systems that undergo processes such as differentiation, a clear concept of progression exists. We present a novel computational approach, called Sample Progression Discovery (SPD), to discover patterns of biological progression underlying microarray gene expression data. SPD assumes that individual samples of a microarray dataset are related by an unknown biological process (i.e., differentiation, development, cell cycle, disease progression), and that each sample represents one unknown point along the progression of that process. SPD aims to organize the samples in a manner that reveals the underlying progression and to simultaneously identify subsets of genes that are responsible for that progression. We demonstrate the performance of SPD on a variety of microarray datasets that were generated by sampling a biological process at different points along its progression, without providing SPD any information of the underlying process. When applied to a cell cycle time series microarray dataset, SPD was not provided any prior knowledge of samples' time order or of which genes are cell-cycle regulated, yet SPD recovered the correct time order and identified many genes that have been associated with the cell cycle. When applied to B-cell differentiation data, SPD recovered the correct order of stages of normal B-cell differentiation and the linkage between preB-ALL tumor cells with their cell origin preB. When applied to mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation data, SPD uncovered a landscape of ESC differentiation into various lineages and genes that represent both generic and lineage specific processes. When applied to a prostate cancer microarray dataset, SPD identified gene modules that reflect a progression consistent with disease stages. SPD may be best viewed as a novel tool for synthesizing biological hypotheses because it provides a likely biological progression underlying a microarray dataset and, perhaps more importantly, the candidate genes that regulate that progression.
Euphemistic conceptual metaphors in epitaphs from Highgate Cemetery

Death is a timeless taboo in which psychological, religious and social interdictions coexist. In consequence, human beings feel reluctant to deal with the subject of death using straightforward terms and therefore tend to soften the effect of what they really wish to communicate. With this in mind, it is the aim of this paper to explore the euphemistic language on a sample of epitaphs from the Eastern Highgate Cemetery in London. As figurative language constitutes a potent source for death-related euphemism, the present study proceeds to trace an account of the different conceptual metaphors in epitaphs within the framework of Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The results obtained support the idea that most of the conceptualizations of death observed in the gravestones imply a positive value-judgment of human mortality and aim at assisting those left alive in coping with the pain of loss and the fear of dying.
From Genetics to Epigenetics: New Perspectives in Tourette Syndrome Research

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. TS presents high comorbidity rates with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). TS is highly heritable and has a complex polygenic background. However, environmental factors also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms. Different epigenetic mechanisms may represent the link between these two causalities. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to have an impact in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, however very little is known about its effects on Tourette Syndrome. This review provides a summary of the recent findings in genetic background of TS, followed by an overview on different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic studies in other neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed along with the TS-related epigenetic findings available in the literature to date. Moreover, we are proposing that some general epigenetic mechanisms seen in other neuropsychiatric disorders may also play a role in the pathogenesis of TS.
What self-report impulsivity measure best postdicts criminal convictions and prison breaches of discipline?

Abstract Impulsivity is the tendency to act with little forethought or regard for the consequences, and greatly influences risk of offending. The ‘What Works’ literature highlights the importance of reliable and accurate assessments of risk and need in offender populations in order to reduce reoffending. There is a lack of consensus regarding the conceptualization of impulsivity and the number of dimensions that constitute the construct, making identification of the most appropriate self-report impulsivity measure problematic. Nevertheless, the predictive validity of different impulsivity measures for antisocial behaviour is well established. This study examined the relative validity of four self-report measures of impulsivity to postdict criminal convictions and prison breaches of discipline for 105 adult male offenders currently incarcerated within UK prisons. The most reliable measure of impulsivity applicable to offender populations was the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, which was good for postdicting breaches of prison discipline and violent criminal convictions.
Integrating qualitative and quantitative research approaches via the phenomenological method

Abstract Separated and mixed applications of qualitative and quantitative methods are typically encumbered by markedly different philosophical orientations. Multiple inefficiencies arise when mixed methods work at cross purposes with each other. The phenomenological method, however, has the potential to integrate qualitative and quantitative concerns in ways that orient research towards uniform criteria of substantive meaningfulness and mathematical rigour. Three characteristics of a qualitative–quantitative methodological pluralism are described: structural invariance, substantive interpretability and the display of anomaly. When combined with networked information technologies, new opportunities emerge for a qualitatively meaningful and quantitatively precise measurement framework in the research and practice of the health sciences.
Generics: Cognition and Acquisition

Philosophers of language sometimes theorize about obscure sentences, rarely found in everyday discourse, or about the applicability of sentences to strange, unrealized possible circumstances. Ordinary speakers of English often lack clear intuitions about the truth or falsity of these sentences, and so the theorizing is based on the judgments of the select few whose intuitions are sufficiently honed. Other times, however, one need not venture into obscurity to find a phenomenon worthy of attention. If one so chooses, one may ask any English speaker whatsoever whether sentences such as ‘tigers have stripes’, ‘birds lay eggs’, or ‘mosquitoes carry the West Nile virus’ are true, or whether ‘mosquitoes don’t carry the West Nile virus’ and ‘birds are female’ are false. The response is invariably confident and immediate. These simple examples present a puzzle with no simple solution. That ‘tigers have stripes’ is true might not seem particularly troubling; even if some tigers lack stripes, most tigers sport them. Examples such as ‘birds lay eggs’, though, indicate that it is not necessary for the truth of these sentences that the majority of the kind in question satisfy the predicate; most birds do not lay eggs, yet ‘birds lay eggs’ is true. Closer
Peak Performance of TCP and UDP in IPv4 and IPv6 over Ethernet Networks

IPv4 addresses have been depleted in February 2011, when the IANA allocated the remaining last five /8s IPv4 address blocks to the RIRs. IPv6 has been developed by the IETF as a solution to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. In this paper, we present some models to evaluate the performance of IPv4 and IPv6 in Ethernet networks, the most widely-installed local area network technology. Our models can be used for any variant of Ethernet technologies (10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps). We introduce a lower-bound model for the one-way delay and an upper-bound model for the throughput, in both IPv4 and IPv6. We validate our models with experiments and simulations. From our research, we can conclude that IPv4 has a better performance than IPv6, but the differences are small and should not delay the migration from IPv4 to IPv6.
Interpretation of facial expressions and social anxiety: Specificity and source of biases

Cognitive-behavioural models of social phobia (Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) propose that biased information processing contributes to the maintenance of social phobia. Given the importance of facial expressions in social interactions, recent investigations of these information-processing biases have increasingly used facial stimuli. The current study utilised schematic faces of emotional expressions to investigate interpretations of facial expressions and specific facial features in individuals with high and low social anxiety. Individuals with elevated social anxiety demonstrated biases in their perceptions of negative valence from the faces, whereas group differences were not observed for perceptions of activity or potency. Further, although the two groups generally utilised the same facial features to interpret facial expressions, the results suggested that individuals with high social anxiety may be more lenient in perceiving threat in faces than individuals without social anxiety.
Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Since sunitinib malate has shown activity in two uncontrolled studies in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, a comparison of the drug with interferon alfa in a phase 3 trial is warranted. METHODS We enrolled 750 patients with previously untreated, metastatic renal-cell carcinoma in a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial to receive either repeated 6-week cycles of sunitinib (at a dose of 50 mg given orally once daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks without treatment) or interferon alfa (at a dose of 9 MU given subcutaneously three times weekly). The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points included the objective response rate, overall survival, patient-reported outcomes, and safety. RESULTS The median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the sunitinib group (11 months) than in the interferon alfa group (5 months), corresponding to a hazard ratio of 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.54; P<0.001). Sunitinib was also associated with a higher objective response rate than was interferon alfa (31% vs. 6%, P<0.001). The proportion of patients with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related fatigue was significantly higher in the group treated with interferon alfa, whereas diarrhea was more frequent in the sunitinib group (P<0.05). Patients in the sunitinib group reported a significantly better quality of life than did patients in the interferon alfa group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Progression-free survival was longer and response rates were higher in patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer who received sunitinib than in those receiving interferon alfa (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00098657 and NCT00083889 [ClinicalTrials.gov]).
Gender Differences in the Self-Concept of Preadolescent Children

The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in academic and non-academic self-concept. Childrens’ self-perceptions were compared with the perceptions held by others (parents and teachers). The SDQ1 was presented to 428 children. Parents and teachers completed an adapted form. Results show that boys exhibited a higher self-concept than girls in almost all areas. Mothers, fathers and also teachers, gave the abilities of the boys in mathematics a higher rating, whereas mothers and teachers rated the verbal abilities of the girls somewhat higher. By using regression analyses, the hypothesis was confirmed that the general self-concept of girls is heavily dependent on the judgements of teachers and parents, but this was not found to be the case with boys.
The Role of Affect in Children's Attribution of Intentionality and Dispensation of Punishment.

RYBASH, JOHN M. ; ROODIN, PAUL A. ; and HALLION, KENNETH. The Role of Affect in Children's Attribution of Intentionality and Dispensation of Punishment. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 1227-1230. The role of affect in children's attribution of intentionality and dispensation of punishment was examined within the context of Heider's balance theory and Stavitsky and Sim's equity theory. 12 boys and 12 girls at the kindergarten, first-, and second-grade levels were told 3 motivationally ambiguous stories in which an actor always produced a bad outcome. Subjects were required to judge the intentional nature of the actor's behavior and the amount of punishment the actor should receive for his behavior. At all grade levels children's attributions of intentionality varied with respect to the affective reactions (e.g., happiness, sadness, neutrality) displayed by an actor. These same affective cues, however, only influenced children's dispensations of punishment at the firstand second-grade levels. The overall significance of affective cues in children's judgments of intentionality was discussed. The impact of various types of response criteria on the developmental emergence of children's social judgments was also noted.
Influence of sleep disturbance, fatigue, vitality on oral health and academic performance in indian dental students

Background Oral health and academic performance are important contributing factors for a student’s professional life. Countless factors affect both, among which sleep, vitality and fatigue are less explored areas that also have a strong impact. Objective The objective of the study was to assess the association of sleep disturbances, fatigue and vitality with self reported oral health status, oral hygiene habits and academic performance of dental students of Udaipur. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate dental students of Udaipur. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to assess the psychological factors, vitality, sleep quality, fatigue, self reported oral health status, habits and academic performance. Analysis of variance and stepwise multiple linear regression were utilized for statistical analysis with 95% confidence level and 5% level of significance. Results Of the 230 participants, 180 (78.3%) were undergraduates and 50 (21.7%) were postgraduates. Among them, females showed higher scores in disturbed sleep index (2.69±2.14) as compared to males (2.45±1.91). Respondents who had “Poor” dental health, scored more in disturbed sleep index (3.15±1.64) and fatigue scale (20.00±4.88). Subjects who flossed “everyday”, were found to have good sleep and more energy (p=0.01) and those who assessed themselves as excellent students scored more in the Vitality Scale (p=0.01) and less in the Sleep index (p=0.01). Conclusion The present study confirms that disturbed sleep, aliveness and fatigue, all are interlinked with each other and are imperative factors having the potential to alter the oral health status, habits and academics of dental students.