Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Model of Consumer Search Behaviour

In order to design better search experiences, we need to understand the complexities of human information-seeking behaviour. In previous work [13], we proposed a model of information behavior based on an analysis of the information needs of knowledge workers within an enterprise search context. In this paper, we extend this work to the site search context, examining the needs and behaviours of users of consumeroriented websites and search applications. We found that site search users presented significantly different information needs to those of enterprise search, implying some key differences in the information behaviours required to satisfy those needs. In particular, the site search users focused more on simple “lookup” activities, contrasting with the more complex, problem-solving behaviours associated with enterprise search. We also found repeating patterns or ‘chains’ of search behaviour in the site search context, but in contrast to the previous study these were shorter and less complex. These patterns can be used as a framework for understanding information seeking behaviour that can be adopted by other researchers who want to take a ‘needs first’ approach to understanding information behaviour.
Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorous levels. II. Effects on apparent metabolisable energy, nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention

1. Male broilers (n =900) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid (10.4, 13.2 and 15.7 g/kg; equivalent to 2.9, 3.7 and 4.4 g/kg phytate P), 2 concentrations of non-phytate (or available) phosphorus (2.3 and 4.5 g/kg) and 3 concentrations of microbial phytase (0, 400 and 800 FTU/kg) from day 7 to 25 post-hatch. The dietary concentrations of phytic acid were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollards. All diets contained celite (20 g/kg) as a source of acidinsoluble ash. 2. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) concentrations of the diets were determined using a classical total collection procedure during the 3rd week of the trial. On d 25, digesta from the terminal ileum were collected and analysed for phosphorus, nitrogen and amino acids. Nutrient digestibilities were calculated using acid-insoluble ash as the indigestible marker. 2. Ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and essential amino acids were negatively influenced by increasing dietary levels of phytic acid but these negative effects were overcome by the addition of phytase. 3. Supplemental phytase increased AME, ileal digestibilities of phosphorus, nitrogen and amino acids and the retention of dry matter, phosphorus and nitrogen in broilers. There were no differences in the phytase responses between additions of 400 and 800 FTU/kg. 4. The responses in all variables, except AME, were greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets. 5. In the case of AME, the response to added phytase was greater in adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets. Supplemental phytase increased AME values from 13.36 to 13.54 MJ/kg dry matter in low non-phytate phosphorus diets and from 12.66 to 13.38 MJ/kg dry matter in adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets.
Optimal Variable Step-Size NLMS Algorithms With Auxiliary Noise Power Scheduling for Feedforward Active Noise Control

The paper introduces two improvements in the feedforward active noise control system with online secondary path modeling developed by Akhtar, Abe, and Kawamata: (1) optimal variable step-size parameters are derived for the adaptation algorithms of the secondary path modeling filter and of the control filter and (2) a self-tuning power scheduling for the auxiliary noise is introduced. The proposed power scheduling is chosen so that in every operating condition a specific ratio between the powers at the error microphone of the auxiliary noise and of the residual noise is achieved. It is shown that for the same auxiliary noise conditions the adaptation algorithms equipped with the optimal variable step-size parameters improve the convergence speed of the system and the estimation accuracy of the secondary path and of the optimal control filter. It is also shown that, compared with a fixed power auxiliary noise, the power scheduling of the auxiliary noise is capable to better meet the conflicting requirements of fast convergence speed of the secondary path modeling filter and of low residual noise in steady state conditions.
Agency Problems, Equity Ownership, and Corporate Diversification

The authors provide evidence on the agency cost explanation for corporate diversification. They find that the level of diversification is negatively related to managerial equity ownership and to the equity ownership of outside blockholders. In addition, the authors report that decreases in diversification are associated with external corporate control threats, financial distress, and management turnover. These findings suggest that agency problems are responsible for firms maintaining value-reducing diversification strategies and that the recent trend toward increased corporate focus is attributable to market disciplinary forces. Copyright 1997 by American Finance Association.
Kinematic Calibration of a Gough-Stewart Platform Using an Omnidirectional Camera

This paper is related to the vision-based control of parallel robots. Indeed, a method is proposed to estimate the reduced set of kinematic parameters appearing in such a control. To do so, it extends a linear method, obtained for a perspective camera, to the case of an omnidirectional camera, using an existing unifying projection model. The proposed method remains linear, once adequate information is extracted from the omnidirectional images, and does not require any calibration pattern. It works both with perspective and omnidirectional cameras, which is underlined by the reported experiments
Mitochondrial DNA diversity and gene flow in Southeast Asian populations of the synchronously flashing firefly, Pteroptyx tener Olivier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

ABSTRACT Populations of the iconic, synchronously flashing firefly, Pteroptyx tener (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), are increasingly being threatened by habitat destruction and land conversion activities in Malaysia. Concerns on how this may have impacted the species led us to undertake an analysis of P. tener genetic diversity here. We also investigated how P. tener arrived at its present distribution along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia using maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia and information on its mitochondrial DNA haplotype distribution. We detected three genetically-distinct populations in Malaysia, one each on the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia and the other in Sarawak/Borneo. We found strong support for a scenario where an ancestral P. tener population diverged to form the Sepetang and Selangor River firefly populations when it became disconnected from the Malacca River system as sea levels rose during the late Pleistocene. An introduction event subsequently occurred when the Selangor and Sepetang River populations contributed to the formation of the Linggi River population. Lastly, the admixture event leading to the founding of the Linggi River population most likely occurred when it was connected to the Malacca River system during periods of changing sea levels in the late Pleistocene.
Atractylenolide III Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease via the Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Oxidative stress contributes to muscle wasting in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III), the major active constituent of Atractylodes rhizome, has been previously reported to function as an antioxidant. This study is aimed at investigating whether ATL-III has protective effects against CKD-induced muscle wasting by alleviating oxidative stress. The results showed that the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary protein significantly decreased in the ATL-III treatment group compared with the 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model group but were higher than those in the sham operation group. Skeletal muscle weight was increased, while inflammation was alleviated in the ATL-III administration group compared with the 5/6 Nx model group. ATL-III-treated rats also showed reduced dilation of the mitochondria, increased CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD activity, and decreased levels of MDA both in skeletal muscles and serum compared with 5/6 Nx model rats, suggesting that ATL-III alleviated mitochondrial damage and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus reducing the production of ROS. Furthermore, accumulated autophagosomes (APs) and autolysosomes (ALs) were reduced in the gastrocnemius (Gastroc) muscles of ATL-III-treated rats under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with the downregulation of LC3-II and upregulation of p62 according to Western blotting. This evidence indicated that ATL-III improved skeletal muscle atrophy and alleviated oxidative stress and autophagy in CKD rats. Furthermore, ATL-III could also increase the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in skeletal muscles in CKD rats. To further reveal the relevant mechanism, the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was assessed, which showed that a reduced expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in C2C12 myoblast atrophy induced by TNF-α could be upregulated by ATL-III; however, after the overexpression of Nox2 to increase ROS production, the attenuated effect was reversed. Our findings indicated that ATL-III is a potentially protective drug against muscle wasting via activation of the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Cluster-randomized trials

Cluster-randomized trials represent an important experimental design, supplementing ordinary randomized clinical trials. They are particularly relevant when evaluating interventions at the level of clinic, hospital, district or region. They are necessary when it is not feasible to randomize individual patients, and desirable when there may be contamination between clusters. But they also carry serious design and analysis implications, and the use of clusters as the unit of randomization must be justified. Sample sizes will usually need to be greatly increased, an adequate number of clusters is essential, and the statistical analysis must allow for the cluster design. And one should rigorously guard against selection bias.
Association between ghrelin levels and BMD: a cross sectional trial

Objective: Our aim was to determine whether the level of plasma total ghrelin varies with the menopause stage (pre-, peri-, and postmenopause). Participants and interventions: women were divided in three groups: premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal. All participants had bone mineral densitometry and blood assay of plasma ghrelin, estradiol E2. Correlation between plasma ghrelin levels, their reproductive status and BMD was done. Results: The mean plasma level of ghrelin was significantly decreased in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups in comparison to the premenopausal group. A significant positive correlation was found between ghrelin and each of E2 and BMD (at one or more of the three sites assessed) in all subjects, as well as, in peri- and postmenopausal women, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between ghrelin and FSH. Conclusion: It may be assumed that ghrelin can affect BMD. Whether ghrelin and estrogen work independent or through convergent mechanisms needs further studies.
The Iterated Classification Game: A New Model of the Cultural Transmission of Language

The iterated classification game (ICG) combines the classification game with the iterated learning model (ILM) to create a more realistic model of the cultural transmission of language through generations. It includes both learning from parents and learning from peers. Further, it eliminates some of the chief criticisms of the ILM: that it does not study grounded languages, that it does not include peer learning, and that it builds in a bias for compositional languages. We show that, over the span of a few generations, a stable linguistic system emerges that can be acquired very quickly by each generation, is compositional, and helps the agents to solve the classification problem with which they are faced. The ICG also leads to a different interpretation of the language acquisition process. It suggests that the role of parents is to initialize the linguistic system of the child in such a way that subsequent interaction with peers results in rapid convergence to the correct language.
Origin of elevational replacements in a clade of nearly flightless birds – most diversity in tropical mountains accumulates via secondary contact following allopatric speciation

Tropical mountains are biodiversity hotspots. In particular, mountains in the Neotropics exhibit remarkable beta diversity reflecting species turnover along elevational gradients. Elevational replacements of species have been known since early surveys of the tropics, but data on how such replacements arise are scarce, limiting our understanding of mechanisms underlying patterns of diversity. We employed a phylogenetic framework to evaluate hypotheses accounting for the origin of elevational replacements in the genus Scytalopus (Rhinocryptidae), a speciose clade of passerine birds with limited dispersal abilities occurring broadly in the Neotropical montane region. We found that species of Scytalopus have relatively narrow elevational ranges, closely related species resemble each other in elevational distributions, and most species replacing each other along elevational gradients are distantly related to each other. Although we cannot reject the hypothesis that a few elevational replacements may reflect parapatric speciation along mountain slopes, we conclude that speciation in Scytalopus occurs predominantly in allopatry within elevational zones, with most elevational replacements resulting from secondary contact of formerly allopatric lineages. Our study suggests that accumulation of species diversity in montane environments reflects colonization processes as opposed to in situ divergence even in dispersal-limited animals.
Identification of Premature Deindustrialization and Its Acceleration in Indonesia (Period 1986-2015)

The increase of the manufacturing's share in GDP has reached its peak in the early 2000s while the growth rate of the manufacturing employment is relatively low. Both facts demonstrate that the process of industrialization has slowed down and an indication of deindustrialization in Indonesia. Deindustrialization that occurs in the countries with low GDP per capita is called premature deindustrialization. This study measures the rate of deindustrialization and identification of premature deindustrialization on period 1986- 2015. The result shows that the speed of deindustrialization varies between indicators and between islands. Descriptive analysis showed indication of premature deindustrialization in Indonesia. Keywords: Deindustrialization, Premature deindustrialization, Manufacturing, Indonesia JEL classification: L16, L50, L52, L60, O14, O25
Mutations in Durum Wheat SBEII Genes affect Grain Yield Components, Quality, and Fermentation Responses in Rats.

Increased amylose in wheat (Triticum ssp.) starch is associated with increased resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber. Fermentation of resistant starch in the large intestine produces short-chain fatty acids that are associated with human health benefits. Since wheat foods are an important component of the human diet, increases in amylose and resistant starch in wheat grains have the potential to deliver health benefits to a large number of people. In three replicated field trials we found that mutations in starch branching enzyme II genes (SBEIIa and SBEIIb) in both A and B genomes (SBEIIa/b-AB) of durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. ] resulted in large increases of amylose and resistant starch content. The presence of these four mutations was also associated with an average 5% reduction in kernel weight (P = 0.0007) and 15% reduction in grain yield (P = 0.06) compared to the wild type. Complete milling and pasta quality analysis showed that the mutant lines have an acceptable quality with positive effects on pasta firmness and negative effects on semolina extraction and pasta color. Positive fermentation responses were detected in rats (Rattus spp.) fed with diets incorporating mutant wheat flour. This study quantifies benefits and limitations associated with the deployment of the SBEIIa/b-AB mutations in durum wheat and provides the information required to develop realistic strategies to deploy durum wheat varieties with increased levels of amylose and resistant starch.
Effects of Sequential Context on Judgments and Decisions in the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game

Existing models of interactive game-theoretic decision making typically assume that only the attributes of the game need be considered when reaching a decision, i.e., these theories assume that the utility of a strategy is determined by the utility of the outcomes of the game, and transforms of the probabilities of each outcome. The strategic decisions are assumed to be based on these utilities. The two experiments presented here provide strong evidence against these assumptions. We investigated choice and predictions about the choices of other players in Prisoners Dilemma game. The cooperativeness of the games in each condition was varied and the results demonstrate that the average cooperation rate and the predicted cooperation of the other player in each game strongly depended on the cooperativeness of the preceding games, which suggests that games are not considered independently. It is proposed that people have poor notions of absolute cooperativeness, risk, and utility, and instead make their judgments and decisions in relative terms. The proposed accounts for these results are based on existing psychophysical and cognitive theories of perception and judgment of magnitude information.
Acoustic oscillations in the SDSS DR4 luminous red galaxy sample power spectrum

We calculate the redshift-space power spectrum of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 4 (DR4) Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample, finding evidence for a full series of acoustic features down to the scales of ~$0.2\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. This corresponds to the 7th peak in the CMB angular power spectrum. The acoustic scale derived, $(105.4 \pm 2.3)\,h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$, agrees very well with the “concordance” model prediction and also with the one determined via the analysis of the spatial two-point correlation function by Eisenstein et al. (2005, ApJ, 633, 560). The models with baryonic features are favored by $3.3 \sigma$ over their “smoothed” counterparts without any oscillatory behavior. This is not only an independent confirmation of results by Eisenstein et al. (2005), made with different methods and software but also, to our knowledge, is the first determination of the power spectrum of the SDSS LRG sample.
Concept based query expansion

Query expansion methods have been studied for a long time - with debatable success in many instances. In this paper we present a probabilistic query expansion model based on a similarity thesaurus which was constructed automatically. A similarity thesaurus reflects domain knowledge about the particular collection from which it is constructed. We address the two important issues with query expansion: the selection and the weighting of additional search terms. In contrast to earlier methods, our queries are expanded by adding those terms that are most similar to the concept of the query, rather than selecting terms that are similar to the query terms. Our experiments show that this kind of query expansion results in a notable improvement in the retrieval effectiveness when measured using both recall-precision and usefulness.
Effect of different doses of nitrogen on nitrogen fixation and yield of lentil using tracer technique

Legumes play a predominant role in nitrogen cycling having the unique features of biological nitrogen fixation. An experiment was conducted to estimate yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the proportion of nitrogen fixation in plant segments i.e. roots, shoots, leafs and seeds of lentil. Three treatments such as 0 kg/ha, 11.5 kg/ha and 25.3 kg/ha were used in this experiment. The highest dry matter yield obtained were 43.44 kg/ha, 2677 kg/ha, 1450 kg/ha and 1604 kg/ha at roots, shoots, leaves and seeds respectively with the treatment 11.5 kg/ha N level. 15N labelled urea was applied to wheat and lentil at 5% 15N atom excess. The total nitrogen content in lentil was found 8.39 % with an average yield of 104.5 kg N/ha whereas it was 1.95% with an average yield of 102.8 kg N/ha in case of wheat. Nitrogen derived from fertilizer in lentil was 1.173% with an average fertilizer N yield of 12.085 kg/ha whereas it was 7.538% with an average yields of 223.16 kg N/ha in wheat. Lentil fixed around 85% of its required nitrogen from atmosphere through biological fixation and a minimal amount of 14.387% of nitrogen was drawn from soil source. Nitrogen use efficiency in seed was 110.1 % in lentil and 36.22% in wheat which were much higher than the other plant segments in both cases.
Channel sensing order for cognitive radio networks using reinforcement learning

This work investigates the problem of channel sensing order used by a cognitive multichannel network, where each user is able to perform primary user detection on only one channel at a time. The sensing order indicates the sequence of channels sensed by the secondary users when searching for an available channel. When using an optimal sensing order, the secondary user can find faster a free channel with high quality. Brute-force algorithms may be used to find the optimal sensing order. However, this approach requires great computational effort. Even in scenarios where the secondary user knows the probability of each channel being available, the sensing order where the most available channels are sensed first is not ideal when using adaptive modulation. Therefore, we propose an approach using reinforcement learning to search dynamically for the optimal sensing order. Through simulations, we evaluated our proposal and compared its performance with other mechanisms, and the results obtained are close to the optimal value provided by the brute-force and superior to the other mechanisms in most of the scenarios.
Comprehensive genomic analysis of rhabdomyosarcoma reveals a landscape of alterations affecting a common genetic axis in fusion-positive and fusion-negative tumors.

UNLABELLED Despite gains in survival, outcomes for patients with metastatic or recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma remain dismal. In a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute, Children's Oncology Group, and Broad Institute, we performed whole-genome, whole-exome, and transcriptome sequencing to characterize the landscape of somatic alterations in 147 tumor/normal pairs. Two genotypes are evident in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors: those characterized by the PAX3 or PAX7 fusion and those that lack these fusions but harbor mutations in key signaling pathways. The overall burden of somatic mutations in rhabdomyosarcoma is relatively low, especially in tumors that harbor a PAX3/7 gene fusion. In addition to previously reported mutations in NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, FGFR4, PIK3CA, and CTNNB1, we found novel recurrent mutations in FBXW7 and BCOR, providing potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, alteration of the receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/PIK3CA axis affects 93% of cases, providing a framework for genomics-directed therapies that might improve outcomes for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. SIGNIFICANCE This is the most comprehensive genomic analysis of rhabdomyosarcoma to date. Despite a relatively low mutation rate, multiple genes were recurrently altered, including NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, FGFR4, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, FBXW7, and BCOR. In addition, a majority of rhabdomyosarcoma tumors alter the receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/PIK3CA axis, providing an opportunity for genomics-guided intervention.