Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children and Grief.

An EEO/Affirmative Action employer, University of Wisconsin-Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title IX and ADA requirements. Just as death is part of life, grief is an experience everyone will undergo at some time. Children who experience grief need comfort, support, and guidance—even when adults are also struggling with their own feelings of loss. Preschoolers do not understand that death is permanent and happens to all living things. They usually see death as reversible and temporary, a belief reinforced by cartoon characters who die and come to life again. A young child may fully expect the return of a loved one. A child's grieving is not continuous, because a young child's capacity to experience intense emotions is limited. A child's grief is intermittent and brief, but, in fact, it usually lasts longer. The work of childhood mourning may need to be addressed at different times throughout the growing years-starting school, parent's day at school, going to camp, etc. A child may regress to younger behaviors. Your preschooler may want a bottle again; temporarily become more infantile by demanding food, attention, and cuddling; or talk baby talk. Patience and understanding is important. After the loss of a loved one, a child may feel unsafe and fear may intensify. Children may express concern over what will happen if the remaining caregiver dies. When a sibling dies, the child may wonder if he or she is next. Anger is common during grief. A child may feel that it just isn't fair or even be angry at the person who died. Acting out and misbehaving are common. A child may get into fights, withdraw, or become oppositional. Acknowledge your child's anger to deescalate it's intensity.  Consider your emotional state; you may want to have someone with you when you inform your child.  Keep it simple. Use " died, " not " sleeping. "  Allow your child to express raw feelings freely. Offer only as much detailed information as is requested.  Answer honestly and simply, but don't go into detail, unless asked.  If the death was due to violent crime, explain how the child will remain safe.  If the body is suitable for viewing, allow the child to see the deceased, if requested. Prepare the child for the viewing.  Give your child choices. Some children want to go on with their familiar daily routine.  …
The Anatomy of Management Fraud Schemes : Analyses and Implications

This study investigates the process of perpetration and concealment of management fraud in financial statements. First, we argue that fraud schemes consist of two components: “account schemes” and “evidence schemes. ” Account schemes are the schemes through which management perpetrates fraud by manipulating account balances or disclosures. Evidence schemes are the schemes through which management creates (or hides) evidence to conceal fraud. For our analysis, we create taxonomies of the account schemes and evidence schemes and explore their relationships. The study finds several positive relationships between certain specific types of account schemes (i.e. fraud) and specific types of evidence schemes. Furthermore, evidence schemes are affected by client industry, type of auditors, and type of financial reports.
Fast Non-Local Algorithm for Image Denoising

For the non-local denoising approach presented by Buades et al., remarkable denoising results are obtained at high expense of computational cost. In this paper, a new algorithm that reduces the computational cost for calculating the similarity of neighborhood windows is proposed. We first introduce an approximate measure about the similarity of neighborhood windows, then we use an efficient summed square image (SSI) scheme and fast Fourier transform (FFT) to accelerate the calculation of this measure. Our algorithm is about fifty times faster than the original non-local algorithm both theoretically and experimentally, yet produces comparable results in terms of mean-squared error (MSE) and perceptual image quality.
JNK regulates compliance-induced adherens junctions formation in epithelial cells and tissues

Summary We demonstrate that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) responds to substrate stiffness and regulates adherens junction (AJ) formation in epithelial cells in 2D cultures and in 3D tissues in vitro and in vivo. Rigid substrates led to JNK activation and AJ disassembly, whereas soft matrices suppressed JNK activity leading to AJ formation. Expression of constitutively active JNK (MKK7-JNK1) induced AJ dissolution even on soft substrates, whereas JNK knockdown (using shJNK) induced AJ formation even on hard substrates. In human epidermis, basal cells expressed phosphorylated JNK but lacked AJ, whereas suprabasal keratinocytes contained strong AJ but lacked phosphorylated JNK. AJ formation was significantly impaired even in the upper suprabasal layers of bioengineered epidermis when prepared with stiffer scaffold or keratinocytes expressing MKK7-JNK1. By contrast, shJNK1 or shJNK2 epidermis exhibited strong AJ even in the basal layer. The results with bioengineered epidermis were in full agreement with the epidermis of jnk1−/− or jnk2−/− mice. In conclusion, we propose that JNK mediates the effects of substrate stiffness on AJ formation in 2D and 3D contexts in vitro as well as in vivo.
Living for eternity: A predictive analysis of manifestations of biblical worldview of university freshmen

This quantitative study includes a predictive analysis of factors contributing to worldview and acts of volition, a correlative analysis of a biblical worldview, a non-biblical worldview, and acts of volition, and a comparative analysis of the influence of gender on worldview. The research design used a non-randomized, convenience sample and a Likert-type scale, which included original questions. The instrument measured three components of worldview: biblical, nonbiblical, and acts of volition. Analysis of the data included multiple linear regression, bivariate correlation (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient) and a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Participants were freshmen attending a liberal arts Christian university. Results of the study indicated the presence of predictor variables for worldview and acts of volition. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was found between the three survey components, and further analysis revealed a statistically significant difference of mean scores based on gender for biblical worldview and key societal issues.
Evidence for endogenous retroviruses in human chemokine receptor gene introns: possible evolutionary inferences and biological roles

The human chemokine receptor (CKR) genes CCR2, CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR4, and CXCR5 harbor one or two introns. CCR7, CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR5 introns, (but not CCR2, CCR6, and CXCR4 introns) encompass retrovirus-like inserts with the characteristics of SINEs (short interspersed nuclear elements) up to 300 nucleotides (nt) long. Other characteristic elements of the retroviral genome, such as long terminal repeats and gag, pol, and env genes, are lacking. The inserts likely derived from one (or more) of the following retroviruses: XA34 (NCBI GenBank Nucleotides, U29659), HERV-P-T47D (AF087913), ERV FTD (U27241), HERV-K (Y17832), HML6p (U86698), HERV-H/env60 (AJ289710), XA38 (U37066). Virus-like inserts are remarkably homogeneous in all CKR introns, with nt identities of about 80%. Percentages of nt identities between the CKR inserts and the corresponding viral sequences are also about 80%. With reference to the CKR sequence, the viral sequence aligns in some instances Plus/Plus (XA34, HML6p, HERV-H/env60, and XA38) and in other instances Plus/Minus (HERV-P-T47D, ERV FTD, and HERV-K). Some aspects of the evolution of retroviruses and CKRs as well as hypotheses on the biological significance of the SINE inserts are discussed.
Fuzzy Argumentation Frameworks

We propose fuzzy argumentation frameworks as a conservative extension of traditional argumentation frameworks[6]. The fuzzy approach enriches the expressive power of the classical argumentation model by allowing to represent the relative strength of the attack relationships between arguments, as well as the degree to which arguments are accepted. Furthermore, we explore the relationship with fuzzy answer set programming, more in particular the correspondence between the stable extensions of a fuzzy argumentation framework and the fuzzy models of an associated program.
The effects of movement similarity on motor short-term memory.

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the effect of similarity of movement on motor short-term memory. There were three independent variables analyzed! retention interval similiarity and prior movements. The experimental task was a linear slide movement and performance was measured by four dependent variables: absolute and algebraic error for both speed and distance recall. Thirty male, physical education students from the University of Windsor were subjects. The results were analyzed separately for each dependent variable by means of a three factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors. Newman-Keuls and . simple effects secondary analyses were calculated for the significant main effects and interactions. It was concluded that recall for speed and distance decreased over time, thus demonstrating proactive interference This interference was manifest as a negative shift in the response bias as the retention interval increased. As predicted, an increase in movement similarity (defined by speed of movement) caused a decrease in speed recall error but an increase in distance recall error. The response bias shifted in a negative direction for distance recall error and in a positive direction for speed recall error, as similarity of movements increased. No conclusions could be drawn
Developmental complexity, structural simplicity : a longitudinal, multi-method investigation of internalising and externalising symptoms in young people

This research involves a series of studies investigating various aspects of the development of mental disorder during late childhood and early adolescence (8-14 years) in a large nationwide longitudinal study in England. The first two studies examine the clinical validity and survey format equivalence of a child self-report measure of mental health, the Me and My School questionnaire, measuring symptoms in the two key domains of child psychopathology: internalising and externalising. The next two studies investigate the complexity of individuals’ symptom development by examining the developmental trajectories of internalising and externalising symptoms using latent class growth analysis, a method that allows the estimation of different person-centred trajectories of symptom development. Subsequently, the studies investigate the socio-demographic correlates (including gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity and age) of individuals with different trajectories. This is followed by examining the impact of these different types of trajectories on another key domain of child functioning: educational attainment. The fifth study focuses on the co-development of symptoms in the internalising and externalising domains in late childhood and early adolescence, trying to uncover patterns in their association and development over time in these two developmental periods. The last study, based on the results of the previous studies, aims to investigate the underlying structure of child psychopathology. Using hierarchical bi-factor analysis, the study explores the possibility of a general propensity for psychopathology that not only is a better predictor of future psychopathology but can lead to better models of specific disorders as well. The thesis contributes to increasing the understanding of complexities in symptom development and proposes a simpler structural model underlying symptoms. The analytic approach used highlights the value of modern data analytic techniques in increasing our understanding of the development of psychopathology.
Kesediaan Untuk Menceburi Bidang Keusahawanan Di Kalangan Pelajarpelajar Bumiputera Tingkatan Empat Di Tiga Buah Sekolah Sekitar Skudai, Johor

Kajian secara deskriptif ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap kesediaan untuk menceburi bidang keusahawanan di kalangan pelajar bumiputera tingkatan empat di tiga buah sekolah sekitar Skudai, Johor Bahru. Sekolah-sekolah yang dilibatkan dalam kajian ini adalah SMK Taman Universiti, SMK Taman Universiti 2 dan SMK Taman Mutiara Rini, Skudai, Joor Bahru. Perkara-perkara yang dikaji ialah minat terhadap mata pelajaran perdagangan dan keusahawanan, persepsi , minat terhadap bidang keusahawanan, dorongan ibu bapa, dan perbandingan berkaitan ke empatempat persoalan kajian dengan jantina. Sebanyak 214 orang responden yang mewakili keseluruhan populasi terlibat dalam penyelidikan ini. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan ialah satu set soal selidik yang mengandungi 34 item berdasarkan kepada skop kajian. Soal selidik terbahagi kepada dua bahagian iaitu Bahagian A, melibatkan latar belakang responden dan Bahagian B yang melibatkan jawapan responden terhadap aspek yang dikaji. Kebolehpercayaan soal selidik telah diuji dalam kajian rintis, dan nilai Alpha Cronbach yang diperolehi ialah 0.893. Analisis kajian dibuat berdasarkan kekerapan, peratusan dan min. Data diproses menggunakan perisian SPSS (Statistical Packages For Social Sciences) versi 13.0. Hasil kajian menunjukkan responden memberikan jawapan yang negatif terhadap tiga daripada empat persoalan kajian yang dikaji dengan nilai tahap yang rendah. Faktor minat terhadap mata pelajaran perdagangan dan keusahawanan, dan factor dorongan ibu bapa menunjukkan tahap yang paling rendah (nilai min 2.12 masingmasing) diikuti faktor minat terhadap bidang keusahawanan (nilai min 2.14). Hanya faktor persepsi terhadap bidang keusahawanan menunjukkan pada tahap sederhana (nilai min 2.65). Dapatan kajian juga mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara pelajar bumiputera mengikut jantina, iaitu pelajar perempuan didapati mempunyai kesediaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding pelajar lelaki untuk menceburi bidang keusahawanan.
Incremental on-line semi-supervised learning for segmenting the left ventricle of the heart from ultrasound data

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the investigation of statistical pattern recognition models for the fully automatic segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart from ultrasound data. The main vulnerability of these models resides in the need of large manually annotated training sets for the parameter estimation procedure. The issue is that these training sets need to be annotated by clinicians, which makes this training set acquisition process quite expensive. Therefore, reducing the dependence on large training sets is important for a more extensive exploration of statistical models in the LV segmentation problem. In this paper, we present a novel incremental on-line semi-supervised learning model that reduces the need of large training sets for estimating the parameters of statistical models. Compared to other semi-supervised techniques, our method yields an on-line incremental re-training and segmentation instead of the off-line incremental re-training and segmentation more commonly found in the literature. Another innovation of our approach is that we use a statistical model based on deep learning architectures, which are easily adapted to this on-line incremental learning framework. We show that our fully automatic LV segmentation method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with training sets containing less than twenty annotated images.
Sex allocation in a group-living simultaneous hermaphrodite: effects of density at two different spatial scales.

Questions: Is the effect of competitor density on the level of sperm competition a strong predictor of natural male gonadal allocation in a simultaneous hermaphroditic fish (Serranus tortugarum)? Is any such relationship consistent at different spatial scales? Does any variation in male gonadal allocation involve trade-offs in male and female gonadal investment previously proposed by sex-allocation theory? Data obtained: Density, proximity of conspecifics during spawning, rate of male-role competitive intrusions, and gonadal allocation; collected from multiple locations, at two spatial scales, on Caribbean coral reefs of northwestern Panama. Research methods: Data were obtained at two scales: (1) fine-scale: among different social groups within the same isolated population (n = 8 and 12 groups, 2 populations); and (2) large-scale: among populations on different (isolated) reefs (n = 9 reefs). Sex allocation (testes mass/total gonad mass, ovary/soma mass, and testes/soma mass) was compared with fish density and spawning behaviour in each social group and population. Conclusions: Our comparative approach confirmed theoretical predictions about density effects on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite in nature. The proximity of conspecifics during spawning, intrusive behaviours by sperm competitors, and male allocation (testes mass/gonad mass) all increased with increasing density. Increases in male allocation were accompanied by reductions in ovary/soma mass, while testes/soma mass remained unchanged. These patterns were consistent among isolated social groups within a single population, as well as among isolated populations.
Performance of the Direct Binary n-Cube Network for Multiprocessors

A mathematical model for predicting the performance of the direct binary n-cube interconnection scheme is presented. These predictions are checked against simulations of a comparable system. The results for the network are compared to known results for indirect interconnection schemes like the crossbar and indirect n-cube networks. Special operation conditions such as broadcasts and hot spots are considered. The following main inferences can be drawn from the study. Indirect networks need to use switches of size significantly larger than 2*2 to equal or better the performance of the hypercube system, under equiprobable distribution of message destinations. Sources attached to nodes in the direct network must be capable of generating multiple messages in a cycle to exploit the available bandwidth fully which is a key difference from the indirect networks. A variant of the standard broadcast algorithm introduced achieves a balanced distribution of network traffic, permitting the hypercube to support significant amounts of broadcast messages. These studies indicate that the transient effects of potential hot spot nodes on the background messages are small in the case of the hypercube. >
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene expression is normal in sporadic adrenocortical tumors.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with neoplasia of the anterior pituitary, the parathyroid, the endocrine pancreas and other endocrine tissues including the adrenal cortex. The tumor-suppressor gene causing this disease was identified at the gene locus 11q13. We recently reported that adrenocortical carcinomas frequently show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 11q13, but do not contain point mutations within the MEN1-coding region. To investigate whether reduced gene expression (for example by mutations within the MEN1 promoter) may contribute to the tumorigenesis of sporadic adrenocortical tumors, 24 adrenocortical specimen were studied by Northern blot analysis. This series included six adrenocortical carcinomas, four cortisol-producing adenomas, six aldosterone-producing adenomas, three endocrine-inactive adenomas and six normal adrenal glands. The presence of LOH of 11q13 was investigated using five polymorphic microsatellite markers (D11S956, PYGM, D11S4939, D11S4946 and D11S987) close to the MEN1 gene. Poly-A mRNA was hybridized with a PCR-generated cDNA probe of the MEN1 gene, a cDNA of the former MEN1 candidate gene phospholipase (PLC) beta3 and a mouse beta-actin cDNA for normalization. LOH of 11q13 was detected in five out of six carcinomas and two inactive adenomas, but in none of the hormone-producing adenomas. Compared with normal adrenals (100+/-6. 5%, mean+/-s.e.m.) MEN1 mRNA in adrenocortical tumors was expressed in similar amounts (carcinomas 109+/-11%, cortisol-producing adenomas 131+/-10%, aldosterone-producing adenomas 113+/-13%, endocrine-inactive adenomas 111+/-2%) with the exception of one adrenocortical carcinoma with low MEN1 mRNA expression (66%). PLCbeta3 mRNA expression showed a variable pattern without reaching significant differences between the groups. We conclude that since mRNA levels were unaltered in the majority of tumors, mutations of the MEN1 gene causing altered gene transcription is unlikely to be a major pathogenic factor of sporadic adrenocortical tumors.
Automatic phonetic transcription of spontaneous speech (american English)

An automatic transcription system has been developed to label and segment phonetic constituents of spontaneous American English without beneﬁt of a word-level transcript. Instead, special-purpose neural networks classify each 10-ms frame of speech in terms of articulatory-acoustic-based phonetic features and the feature clusters are subsequently mapped to phonetic-segment labels using multilayer perceptron networks. The phonetic labels generated by this system are 80% concordant with the labels produced by human transcribers and the segmental boundaries deviate from manual segmentation by an average of 11 ms. The automatic transcription system thus generates phonetic labels and segmentation comparable in quality to those produced by human transcribers, and therefore may prove useful for phonetic annotation of novel linguistic corpora, as well as facilitating development of pronunciation models for automatic speech recognition systems.
Alcohol consumption and physical functioning among middle-aged and older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: Results from the HAPIEE study

Background: light-to-moderate drinking is apparently associated with a decreased risk of physical limitations in middle-aged and older adults. Objective: to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical limitations in Eastern European populations. Study design: a cross-sectional survey of 28,783 randomly selected residents (45–69 years) in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and seven towns of Czech Republic. Methods: physical limitations were defined as <75% of optimal physical functioning using the Physical Functioning (PF-10) Subscale of the Short-Form-36 questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was assessed by a graduated frequency questionnaire, and problem drinking was defined as ≥2 positive responses on the CAGE questionnaire. In the Russian sample, past drinking was also assessed. Results: the odds of physical limitations were highest among non-drinkers, decreased with increasing drinking frequency, annual consumption and average drinking quantity and were not associated with problem drinking. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of physical limitations in non-drinkers versus regular moderate drinkers was 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.48–1.75). In the Russian sample with past drinking available, the adjusted OR in those who stopped drinking for health reasons versus continuing drinkers was 3.19 (2.58–3.95); ORs in lifetime abstainers, former drinkers for non-health reasons and reduced drinkers for health reasons were 1.27 (1.02–1.57), 1.48 (1.18–1.85) and 2.40 (2.05–2.81), respectively. Conclusion: this study found an inverse association between alcohol consumption and physical limitations. The high odds of physical limitations in non-drinkers can be largely explained by poor health of former drinkers. The apparently protective effect of heavier drinking was partly due to less healthy former heavy drinkers who moved to lower drinking categories.