Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A process evaluation of a salutogenic intervention

The underlying structure of process evaluation and the predictors of employees’ satisfaction with a salutogenic intervention was assessed by using factor analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. An organization’s management initiated an intervention to improve the psychosocial work environment in an employeeship program. 171 employees in the economy and real estate unit of the organization were surveyed. Seven interviews were conducted to develop a further understanding of the intervention process. Two process factors (communication and leadership) were significantly associated to the level of employee satisfaction with the intervention, after controlling for gender, personality, engagement, and commitment. Thus, both the richness of communication and the roles of leadership influenced participants’ appraisal of the intervention, and we were able to explain a broader scope of implementation factors that give a better understanding of the process part of interventions.
Is Drop‐out from University Dependent on National Culture and Policy? The Case of Denmark

National cultures are known to influence educational institutions and practices in many ways. It therefore seems reasonable to assume that drop-out from university is also influenced by differences in national cultures. In this article, we compare drop-out from Danish universities with drop-out from European universities. Based on Danish national culture (characterised by individualism, low power distance, femininity, and low uncertainty avoidance) and on the high level of economic support for students, we find that drop-out from higher education in Denmark as compared to most other European countries is less influenced by socio-economic factors and by the students’ degree of social integration. Hence, our review of the research on drop-out identifies some differences that might rest on national cultural varieties. It also points to difficulties in comparing results from different research studies, not only in Denmark but also across Europe. This difficulty results from varieties in research designs and definitions of drop-out.
Malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) determinants and short term impact of corrective intervention.

OBJECTIVE To identify determinants of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and examine the short-term effects of corrective intervention. METHODS Patients with CHD admitted for corrective intervention were evaluated for nutritional status before and 3 months after surgery. Detailed anthropometry was performed and z-scores calculated. Malnutrition was defined as weight, height and weight/height z-score <or= -2. Determinants of malnutrition were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis model. RESULTS 476 consecutive patients undergoing corrective intervention were included. There were 16 deaths (3.4%; 13 in-hospital, 3 follow-up). The 3-month follow-up data of 358 (77.8%) of remaining 460 patients were analyzed. Predictors of malnutrition at presentation are as summarized: weight z-score <or= -2 (59%): congestive heart failure (CHF), age at correction, lower birth weight and fat intake, previous hospitalizations, >or= 2 children; height z-score <or= -2 (26.3%): small for gestation, lower maternal height and fat intake, genetic syndromes; and weight/height z-score <or= -2 (55.9%): CHF, age at correction, lower birthweight and maternal weight, previous hospitalizations, religion (Hindu) and level of education of father. Comparison of z-scores on 3-month follow-up showed a significant improvement from baseline, irrespective of the cardiac diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is common in children with CHD. Corrective intervention results in significant improvement in nutritional status on short-term follow-up.
Detecting distant relatives of mammalian LPS‐binding and lipid transport proteins

In mammals, a family of four lipid binding proteins has been previously defined that includes two lipopolysaccharide binding proteins and two lipid transfer proteins. The first member of this family to have its three‐dimensional structure determined is bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI). Using both the sequence and structure of BPI, along with recently developed sequence‐sequence and sequence‐structure similarity search methods, we have identified 13 distant members of the family in a diverse set of eukaryotes, including rat, chicken, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Biomphalaria galbrata. Although the sequence similarity between these 13 new members and any of the 4 original members of the BPI family is well below the “twilight zone,” their high sequence‐structure compatibility with BPI indicates they are likely to share its fold. These findings broaden the BPI family to include a member found in retina and brain, and suggest that a primitive member may have contained only one of the two similar domains of BPI.
HIV rebounds from latently infected cells, rather than from continuing low-level replication

Rapid rebound of plasma viremia in patients after interruption of long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suggests persistence of low-level replicating cells or rapid reactivation of latently infected cells. To further characterize rebounding virus, we performed extensive longitudinal clonal evolutionary studies of HIV env C2-V3-C3 regions and exploited the temporal relationships of rebounding plasma viruses with regard to pretreatment sequences in 20 chronically HIV-1-infected patients having undergone multiple 2-week structured treatment interruptions (STI). Rebounding virus during the short STI was homogeneous, suggesting mono- or oligoclonal origin during reactivation. No evidence for a temporal structure of rebounding virus in regard to pretreatment sequences was found. Furthermore, expansion of distinct lineages at different STI cycles emerged. Together, these findings imply stochastic reactivation of different clones from long-lived latently infected cells rather than expansion of viral populations replicating at low levels. After treatment was stopped, diversity increased steadily, but pretreatment diversity was, on average, achieved only >2.5 years after the start of STI when marked divergence from preexisting quasispecies also emerged. In summary, our results argue against persistence of ongoing low-level replication in patients on suppressive cART. Furthermore, a prolonged delay in restoration of pretreatment viral diversity after treatment interruption demonstrates a surprisingly sustained evolutionary bottleneck induced by punctuated antiretroviral therapy.
Sex Differences in Suicide and Attempted Suicide: A Study of Differential Social Acceptability and Expectations

Two experiments were conducted to test: (1) whether or not social acceptability of suicidal behavior variec as a function of both the type of suicidal behavior and the sex of the suicidal person; and, (2) the effect of a suicidal person's sex and personality description on subjects' predictions of type of suicidal behavior. In the first experiment, a 2 x 2 x 2 multivariate factorial design was used with the following three factors: (1) sex of the subject (male, female); (2) sex of the stimulus concept rated (male, female); (3) suicidal behavior of the stimulus concept rated (suicide, attempted suicide). 202 evening school college students rated the four concepts (males who committed suicide, males who attempted suicide, females who committed suicide, females who attempted suicide) on semantic differential scales, using the following dimensions of concept ratings as the dependent variables: (1) Social Desirability; (2) Meek goodness; (3) Dependable goodness; (4) DynamiG goodness; (5) Moral evaluative; (6) Social evaluative; ~ (7) Potency; (8) Activity; (9) Masculinity. The hypothesis that social desirability of male attempted suicide would be lower than. the social acceptability of ·female attempted suicide was not supported. The hypothesis that subjects would rate persons who commit suicide higher than persons who attempt suicide on both masculinity and potency scales was supported. In the second experiment, 146 college students and 795 naval personnel were given descriptions of a masculine or a feminine personality attributed to either a male or a female. They were then asked to make a prediction, choosing between the alternatives that the person described connnitted suicide or that the person attempted suicide. The hypothesis that subjects would predict suicide more often for the male stimulus person than for the female stimulus person was not supported in either sample. The hypothesis that subjects would predict suicide more often for a person described as masculine than for a person described as feminine was supported in both samples. The two studies taken together suggest that: (1) suicide is evaluated as masculine whereas attempted suicide is evaluated as feminine; and, (2) feminine persons are expected to attempt suicide more often than masculine persons. These results support a theory that high male suicide rates relative to female rates and high female attempted suicide rates relative to male rates can be at least partially explained as a function of social pressure against male
Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty: assessment of objective and subjective outcome.

PURPOSE We determine the subjective and objective durability of laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS From August 1993 to April 1997, 42 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty (laparoscopy group) with a minimum clinical followup of 12 months (mean 22). Subjective outcomes and objective findings were compared to those of 35 patients who underwent open pyeloplasty (open surgery group) from August 1986 to April 1997 with a minimum clinical followup of 12 months (mean 58). We assessed clinical outcome based on responses to a subjective analog pain and activity scale. In addition, radiographic outcome was assessed based on the results of the most recent radiographic study. RESULTS Of the 42 laparoscopy group patients 90% (38) were pain-free (26, 62%) or had significant improvement in flank pain (12, 29%) after surgery. Two patients had only minor improvement and 2 had no improvement in pain. Surgery failed in only 1 patient with complete obstruction. A patent ureteropelvic junction was demonstrated in 98% (41 of 42 patients) of the laparoscopy group on the most recent radiographic study (mean radiographic followup 15 months). Of the 35 open surgery group patients 91% were pain-free (21, 60%) or significantly improved (11, 31%) after surgery. One patient had only minor improvement and 2 were worse. CONCLUSIONS Pain relief, improved activity level and relief of obstruction outcomes are equivalent for laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty.
Adults’ age-related differences in strategy perseveration are modulated by response-stimulus intervals and problem features

Ageing results in the tendency of older adults to repeat the same strategy across consecutive problems more often than young adults, even when such strategy perseveration is not appropriate. Here, we examined how these age-related differences in strategy perseveration are modulated by response-stimulus intervals and problem characteristics. We asked participants to select the best strategy while accomplishing a computational estimation task (i.e., provide approximate sums to two-digit addition problems like 38 + 74). We found that participants repeated the same strategy across consecutive problems more often when the duration between their response and next problem display was short (300 ms) than when it was long (1300 ms). We also found more strategy perseverations in older than in young adults under short Response-Stimulus Intervals, but not under long Response-Stimulus Intervals. Finally, age-related differences in strategy perseveration decreased when problem features helped participants to select the best strategy. These modulations of age-related differences in strategy perseveration by response-stimulus intervals and characteristics of target problems are important for furthering our understanding of mechanisms underlying strategy perseveration and, more generally, ageing effects on strategy selection.
Actions for gravity, with generalizations: A Review

The search for a theory of quantum gravity has for a long time been almost fruitless. A few years ago, however, Ashtekar found a reformulation of Hamiltonian gravity, which thereafter has given rise to a new promising quantization project: the canonical Dirac quantization of Einstein gravity in terms of Ahtekar's new variables. This project has already produced interesting results, although many important ingredients are still needed before we can say that the quantization has been successful. Related to the classical Ashtekar-Hamiltonian, there have been discoveries regarding new classical actions for gravity in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions, and also generalizations of Einstein's theory of gravity. In the first type of generalization, one introduces infinitely many new parameters, similar to the conventional Einstein cosmological constant, into the theory. These generalizations are called `neighbours of Einstein's theory' or `cosmological constants generalizations', and the theory has the same number of degrees of freedom, per point in spacetime, as the conventional Einstein theory. The second type is a gauge group generalization of Ashtekar's Hamiltonian, and this theory has the correct number of degrees of freedom to function as a theory for a unification of gravity and Yang--Mills theory. In both types of generalizations, there are still important problems that are unresolved: e.g. the reality conditions, the metric-signature condition, the interpretation, etc. In this review, I will try to clarify the relations between the new and old actions for gravity, and also give a short introduction to the new generalizations. The new results/treatments in this review are: (1) a more detailed constraint analysis of the Hamiltonian formulation of the Hilbert--Palatini Lagrangian in (3+1) dimensions; (2) the canonical transformation relating the Ashtekar- and the ADM-Hamiltonian in (2+1) dimensions is given; (3) there is a discussion regarding the possibility of finding a higher-dimensional Ashtekar formulation. There are also two clarifying figures (at the beginning of sections 2 and 3, respectively) showing the relations between different action-formulations for Einstein gravity in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions.
Society as Semiosis: Neostructuralist Theory of Culture and Society

Frankfurt/M. , Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien. Action theory, phenomenological sociology, pragmatism and (post)structuralism are often seen as mutually exclusive currents of meaning analysis. This book shows that these traditions are actually complementary, and builds a neostructuralist synthesis on this finding. It also outlines the implications of this cultural theoretical synthesis for the field of the social theory. What emerges is a variant of the theory of practice, habit and structuration of society. It shares the contemporary common belief that social theory should be based on cultural theory. Its distinctive mark is that this is done is systematic semiotic terms within a conception which provides mediation between the two most influential schools of semiotics, namely Charles Peirce's American pragmatism and Ferdinand de Saussure's French structuralism. Contents: Critique of Action Theory and Phenomenological Sociology: Meaning and Rational Action in Weber's Sociology - Quarrelling Heirs: Parsons and Schutz - Meaning and Intentional Acts: Schutz's Phenomenological Sociology - Ethnomethodology: Garfinkel's Reconstruction of Schutz and Parsons - From Intentional Action to Structuralism - Neostructuralist Theory of Culture: Saussure's Structuralism Reconstructed - The Specificity of the Saussurean Approach - Neostructuralist Semiotics - Towards a Neostructuralist Social Theory: The Levels of Cultural Analysis - Beyond the Culture/Society Split - Symbolic Signs, Socialization, and the Sacred - Power - Conclusion.
Various Geometric Aspects of Condensed Matter Physics

OF THE DISSERTATION Various Geometric Aspects of Condensed Matter Physics by Zhenyu Zhou Doctor of Philosophy in Physics Washington University in St. Louis, 2013 Professor Alexander Seidel, Chairperson Geometric aspect of condensed matter has arouse a lot of interests in recent years. The idea of Berry phase is highly appreciated in various systems. We explored the geometric features of two specific electron systems, fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states and d-wave superconducting states. For FQH states, we propose a two body operator which generates the geometric change of Laughlin state in the guiding center degrees of freedom on torus. This operator therefore generates the adiabatic evolution between Laughlin states on regular tori and the quasi-one-dimensional thin torus limit. For d-wave superconducting model, we study the local and topological features of Berry phases associated with the adiabatic transport of vortices in a lattice fermions. We find bosonic statistics for vortices in hall filling. Away from half filling, we find the complicate Berry phase to be path dependent. However, it is shown that“statistical” flux attached to the vortex are still absent. The average flux density associated with Berry curvature is tied to the average density of cooper pair in the magnetic unit cell. This is familiar from dual theories of bosonic systems, even though the underlying particles are fermions in this case.
Working Through Conflict: Strategies for Relationships, Groups, and Organizations

Introduction: Conflict Interaction. 1. Communication and Conflict. 2. The Inner Experience of Conflict. 3. Theories of Conflict Interaction. 4. Power: The Architecture of Conflict. 5. Face-Saving. 6. Climate and Conflict Interaction. 7. Doing Conflict: Styles, Strategies, And Tactics. 8. Changing Conflict Dynamics. 9. Third Party Intervention.
Effect of jam processing and storage on total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanins of different fruits.

BACKGROUND Fruits have been widely recognised as an excellent source of bioactive phenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of jam processing of strawberry, cherry, apricot, fig and orange on the total phenolics, antioxidant activity and anthocyanins during 5 months of storage at 25 °C. RESULTS Fresh strawberry had the highest contents of total phenolics (8503.1 mg GAE kg(-1) ) followed by cherry, apricot, fig and orange, respectively. Jam processing decreased the total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanins of all fruits. Total phenolics of jam during storage decreased only in apricot, fig and orange. Fresh strawberry had the highest antioxidant activity (54.88% inhibition) followed by the other fruits. Antioxidant activity did not change in strawberry during jam storage, while there are reductions in the other fruits were observed. Fresh strawberry had the highest anthocyanins (2323.8 mg cya-3-glu kg(-1) ), followed by cherry and the other fruits, respectively. Results showed only a decrease of anthocyanins and pH in apricot and fig jams during 5 months of storage. CONCLUSION Despite the reduction of these compounds in jam processing, it is considered a good method to maintain them during 5 months of storage.
Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Mixture modeling is a widely applied data analysis technique used to identify unobserved heterogeneity in a population. Despite mixture models' usefulness in practice, one unresolved issue in the application of mixture models is that there is not one commonly accepted statistical indicator for deciding on the number of classes in a study population. This article presents the results of a simulation study that examines the performance of likelihood-based tests and the traditionally used Information Criterion (ICs) used for determining the number of classes in mixture modeling. We look at the performance of these tests and indexes for 3 types of mixture models: latent class analysis (LCA), a factor mixture model (FMA), and a growth mixture models (GMM). We evaluate the ability of the tests and indexes to correctly identify the number of classes at three different sample sizes (n = 200, 500, 1,000). Whereas the Bayesian Information Criterion performed the best of the ICs, the bootstrap likelihood ratio test proved to be a very consistent indicator of classes across all of the models considered.
Perceptions of organizational attractiveness: The differential relationships of various work schedule flexibility programs

Purpose – Past research on flextime programs often treat work schedule flexibility as a homogeneous construct. The purpose of this paper is to empirically demonstrate the relationship between different flexible work schedules and employee perceptions of organizational attractiveness.Design/methodology/approach – Participants (n = 655) reviewed a scenario with work schedule flexibility manipulated into one of eight consecutively more flexible schedules. Participants then rated the job offer within the scenario on organizational attractiveness.Findings – The study found significant differences in organizational attractiveness based on the eight types of work schedule flexibility. The study's results supported categorizing flextime programs as heterogeneous constructs.Research limitations/implications – The study utilized scenarios reducing generalization to work situations. Participants were college students with a limited work experience and may have viewed organizational attractiveness based on expectatio.
Assessment of inpatient psychiatric readmission risk among patients discharged on an antipsychotic polypharmacy regimen: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE Patients are frequently prescribed multiple antipsychotic medications, leading to higher healthcare costs and increased risk for side effects. The efficacy of multiple versus single antipsychotics to prevent acute relapse, measured by incidence of inpatient readmission, is investigated in Arizona, USA. METHOD A retrospective chart review compared socio-demographic and clinical data from 1,010 patients discharged on a single and 377 discharged on multiple antipsychotic medications. Case management records were reviewed for readmission within one year of discharge. RESULTS Younger age, diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder, prescription of mood stabilizer, shorter length of stay, and discharge to residential treatment or crisis recovery unit were associated with multiple antipsychotics at discharge. Readmission rates of the single (13.7%) versus multiple (15.9%) antipsychotic groups were not statistically different (p=0.286). Logistic regression analysis established that only age (younger) and the prescription of a mood stabilizer at discharge were significant predictors for increased risk for readmission (p=0.010 and p=0.049, respectively). A Cox survival analysis supported these findings. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant antipsychotic polypharmacy at discharge did not reduce readmission risk over a one-year period. Given the increased risk of side effects and financial costs of polypharmacy, this study did not provide evidence to support this practice. Strikingly, only two variables predicted readmission risk, younger age and prescription of mood stabilizer. Although practitioners should follow practice guidelines more closely to prevent unnecessary exposure to potentially lethal side effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy, further studies are needed to better identify patients at high risk for readmission.