Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Social Support and Coping to Positive Adaptation to Breast Cancer

This study examined the relation of perceived social support and coping to positive adaptation to breast cancer. Participants were 56 women between the ages of 38 and 58 who had been diagnosed with Stage I or II breast cancer from 1 to 26 months earlier. Social support was measured with the Social Provisions Scale (Cutrona, C. and Russell, D. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. In: Jones, W.H. and Perlman, D. (Eds.), Advances in Personal Relationships , Vol. 1, pp. 37-67, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) and coping was measured with the revised Ways of Coping Scales (Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A. and Gruen, R. (1986). The dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 , 992-1003). Adjustment was measured with the Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, C.D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? explorations on the meaning of psychological well being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 , 1069-1081) and frequency of positive health behaviors. Results showed that perceived social support and approach coping strategies were associated with positive adjustment. Avoidance coping strategies were negatively related to psychological well-being but were unrelated to positive health behaviors. The results of an exploratory path analysis were consistent with a direct relation and an indirect relation through approach coping of social support with psychological well-being.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms in fibromyalgia are related to poor perception of health but not to pain sensitivity or cerebral processing of pain.

OBJECTIVE Mood disturbance is common among patients with fibromyalgia (FM), but the influence of psychological symptoms on pain processing in this disorder is unknown. We undertook the present study to investigate the differential effect of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and catastrophizing on 1) pain symptoms and subjective ratings of general health status and 2) sensitivity to pain and cerebral processing of pressure pain. METHODS Eighty-three women (mean ± SD age 43.8 ± 8.1 years) who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of FM participated in the study. Patients rated pain intensity (100-mm visual analog scale [VAS]), severity of FM (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), general health status (Short Form 36), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and catastrophizing (Coping Strategies Questionnaire). Experimental pain in the thumb was induced using a computer-controlled pressure stimulator. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during administration of painful stimuli representing 50 mm on a pain VAS, as well as nonpainful pressures. RESULTS A correlation analysis including all self-ratings showed that depressive symptoms, anxiety, and catastrophizing scores were correlated with one another (P < 0.001), but did not correlate with ratings of clinical pain or with sensitivity to pressure pain. However, the subjective rating of general health was correlated with depressive symptoms and anxiety (P < 0.001). Analyses of imaging results using self-rated psychological measures as covariates showed that brain activity during experimental pain was not modulated by depressive symptoms, anxiety, or catastrophizing. CONCLUSION Negative mood in FM patients can lead to a poor perception of one's physical health (and vice versa) but does not influence performance on assessments of clinical and experimental pain. Our data provide evidence that 2 partially segregated mechanisms are involved in the neural processing of experimental pain and negative affect.
Audiometric Outcomes of Tympanoplasty With Hydroxylapatite Prosthesis: Consultant Versus Trainees

Objective: To assess and compare the audiometric outcomes and surgical complication rates of tympanoplasty with hydroxylapatite (HA) prostheses performed by a single consultant and advanced trainees. Study Design: A retrospective case review was undertaken. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: One hundred eighteen cases of primary and revision tympanoplasty were included in the study performed during a 6-year period. Intervention: Tympanoplasty with HA prosthesis. Main Outcome Measures: Preoperative and postoperative audiometric data were compared for both the consultant and trainee groups. Details of the surgical procedure and operative complications were also recorded. Results: Fifty-eight procedures were performed by the consultant and 60 operations were performed by trainees. The average improvement in air-bone gap (ABG) for consultants was 14.8 dB, with a 95% confidence interval (10.4, 19.2) (paired t test; test statistic: t = 6.80, 57 df, p < 0.01), whereas for trainees, the average improvement in ABG was 7.8 dB, with a 95% confidence interval (4.1, 11.6) (paired t test; test statistic: t = 4.19, 59 df, p < 0.01). The difference of 7.0 dB in mean ABG between the 2 groups was significant (two-sample t test; test statistic: t = 2.44, 116 df, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the surgical procedure or in the number of revision operations performed by the consultant or trainees. Surgical complication rates were comparable for the two groups. Conclusion: In this series, the consultant achieved a significantly better closure in ABG than trainees for tympanoplasty with HA prostheses.
What Information Do We Use in Social Dilemmas? Environmental Uncertainty and the Employment of Coordination Rules

Previous research suggests that in social dilemma situations, group members tacitly coordinate their choice behavior on the basis of fairness considerations. After an analysis of the information needed to implement such coordination rules, a framework is presented to predict effects of environmental uncertainty in social dilemmas. Predictions were tested in two experiments on asymmetric Public Good dilemmas and Resource dilemmas. Results of both experiments indicate that when tacitly coordinating choice behavior, group members tend to rely solely on the environmental information they are certain about. More specifically, the results indicate that effects of environmental uncertainty are dependent on the dilemma type, the type of asymmetry, and the type of uncertainty group members are facing.
Identification of Floral Scent in Chrysanthemum Cultivars and Wild Relatives by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The objective of this study was to identify the major volatile compounds and their relative concentrations in flowers of different chrysanthemum cultivars and their wild relatives. The volatile organic components of fresh flowers were analyzed using a headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 193 volatile organic components were detected; the major scent components were monoterpenoids and oxygenated monoterpenoids, which accounted for 68.59%–99.93% of the total volatiles in all tested materials except for Chrysanthemum indicum collected from Huangshan, in which they accounted for only 37.45% of total volatiles. The major volatile compounds were camphor, α-pinene, chrysanthenone, safranal, myrcene, eucalyptol, 2,4,5,6,7,7ab-hexahydro-1H-indene, verbenone, β-phellandrene and camphene. In a hierarchical cluster analysis, 39 accessions of Chrysanthemum and its relatives formed six clusters based on their floral volatile compounds. In a principal component analysis, only spider type flowers were located closely on the score plot. The results of this study provide a basis for breeding chrysanthemum cultivars which desirable floral scents.
Targeting FoxM1 Effectively Retards p53-Null Lymphoma and Sarcoma

The forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 is considered to be a promising target for cancer therapy. However, the significance of FOXM1 in tumors harboring mutation in p53, which is very common, is unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of FoxM1 targeting in spontaneous p53-null tumors using genetic ablation as well as using a peptide inhibitor of FOXM1. We show that conditional deletion of FoxM1 inhibits growth of the p53-null thymic lymphoma and sarcoma cells. In addition, deletion of FoxM1 induces apoptotic cell death of the p53-null tumors, accompanied by reduced expression of the FOXM1 target genes survivin and Bmi1. An ARF-derived peptide that inhibits the activity of FOXM1, by targeting it to the nucleolus, also induces apoptosis in the p53-null sarcoma and lymphoma, leading to a strong inhibition of their metastatic colonization. Together, our observations suggest that FOXM1 is critical for survival and growth of the p53-null lymphoma and sarcoma and provide proof-of-principle that FOXM1 is an effective therapeutic target for sarcoma and lymphoma carrying loss of function mutation in p53. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(5); 759–67. ©2013 AACR.
Partial Hedging under Transaction Costs

In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing expected shortfall for a contingent claim in a continuous-time, multiasset financial market in the presence of proportional transaction costs. By generalizing the convex duality technique of Cvitanic [SIAM J. Control. Optim. , 38 (2000), pp. 1050--1066] to the case of multivariate contingent claim, we establish the existence of an optimal trading strategy and describe it in terms of an appropriate dual optimization problem.
Further understanding sexual communication

Individuals aged 15–24 years account for half of all new sexually transmitted infections. Such diseases are preventable, and communication lies at the center of this prevention. One safer sex behavior rooted in communication is the disclosure of one’s sexual history. Consistent with this perspective, and utilizing affection exchange theory (AET), this study focused on one aspect of sexual history discussions by examining the (dis)honesty of individuals’ disclosures of their number of previous sexual partners and associated safer sex behavior/communication. Results indicated that roughly two-thirds of participants correctly identified disclosure of the number of previous sexual partners as a safer sex practice. Yet about 60% of participants had, at some point, acted deceptively with their representation of their number of previous partners, and of those, nearly 20% never disclosed their number of previous partners. Deception about number of previous partners accounted for some differences in safer sex behaviors. Additionally, individuals who reported omitting their number of previous partners from all sexual partners also reported being the least comfortable with safer sex communication. Applied implications as well as implications for AET are discussed.
Dimensionality and morphology of particle and bubble clusters in turbulent flow

We conduct numerical experiments to investigate the spatial clustering of particles and bubbles in simulations of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. On varying the Stokes parameter and the densities, striking differences in the clustering of the particles can be observed. To quantify these visual findings we use the Kaplan–Yorke dimension. This local scaling analysis shows a dimension of approximately 1.4 for the light bubble distribution, whereas the distribution of very heavy particles shows a dimension of approximately 2.6. However, clearly different parameter combinations yield the same dimensions. To overcome this degeneracy and to further develop the understanding of clustering, we perform a morphological (geometrical and topological) analysis of the particle distribution. For such an analysis, Minkowski functionals have been successfully employed in cosmology, in order to quantify the global geometry and topology of the large-scale distribution of galaxies. In the context of dispersed multiphase flow, these Minkowski functionals – being morphological order parameters – allow us to discern the filamentary structure of the light particle distribution from the wall-like distribution of heavy particles around empty interconnected tunnels. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.
Quantum Mechanical Study of the Germanium Electron–Hole Bilayer Tunnel FET

The electron-hole bilayer tunnel field-effect transistor (EHBTFET) is an electronic switch that uses 2-D-2-D sub-band-to-sub-band tunneling (BTBT) between electron and hole inversion layers and shows significant subthermal swing over several decades of current due to the step-like 2-D density of states behavior. In this paper, EHBTFET has been simulated using a quantum mechanical model. The model results are compared against transactions on computer-aided design simulations and remarkable differences show the importance of quantum effects and dimensionality in this device. Ge EHBTFET with channel thickness of 10 nm results as a promising device for low supply voltage, subthreshold logic applications, with a super steep switching behavior featuring SSavg ~ 40 mV/dec up to VDD. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that high on current levels ( ~ 40 μA/μm) can be achieved due to the transition from phonon-assisted BTBT to direct BTBT at higher biases.
Evidence of fast and automatic gender bias in affective priming

Previous studies have revealed a gender bias in ratings of the valence and intensity of supraliminally presented facial expressions of emotion such that positive emotions receive higher ratings when expressed by females and negative emotions receive higher ratings when expressed by males. However, surprisingly, this gender bias has not been investigated for suboptimal presentation of emotional expressions. Our first experiment aimed at investigating the existence of such a bias for very fast presentation of the stimulus (20 ms onset) on the basis of a classic priming procedure commonly used in affective priming studies that involved the use of a single prime. Our second experiment aimed at proposing a new method involving four fast, repeated presentations of the prime-target pairs (based on the innovative design proposed by Höschel and Irle), that could be used to reduce the gender bias in future studies in affective sciences. Results show that the classic procedure for subliminal affective priming seems, indeed, sensitive to gender bias, but that it is possible to maximise the affective effect and decrease the impact of the gender bias using repeated presentations of the prime.
Inability to draw intersecting pentagons as a predictor of unsatisfactory spirometry technique in elderly hospital inpatients.

SIR—The measurement of lung volumes by spirometry is one of the cornerstones of the diagnosis, assessment and management of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and certain other respiratory diseases. Indeed, recent guidance to medical practitioners in the United Kingdom has encouraged the greater use of spirometry to detect COPD in the middle-aged and elderly population [1]. However, accurate spirometry requires a sufficient level of co-operation and co-ordination on the part of the patient even when attended by a skilled technician. The criteria for a good technique were laid down by the American Thoracic Society in 1994 and are generally known as the ATS94 criteria [2]. These define minimum standards for the reliability, reproducibility and completeness of the volume–time and flow–volume curves generated during spirometry that can be assessed by visual analysis of the curves and/or by computer using dedicated algorithms. Although age is not an independent predictor of a satisfactory spirometric technique, studies have shown that older patients are often unable to meet the ATS94 standard, particularly when they have some degree of dyspraxia or cognitive impairment [3]. Of course, such impairments increase in prevalence with age in the elderly population. One study showed that very few patients were unable to perform spirometry [4], although that study did not include people above the age of 73, whereas the real problem tends to be seen in patients above the age of 80 [3, 5]. As a consequence of this, spirometric measurements on older people are often performed badly. Perhaps, more seriously, they are not attempted because the attending physicians expect the clinical information generated by the tests to be inaccurate. Both these positions oversimplify the issue and are not in the clinical best interests of this group of patients. Previous work has shown that spirometry technique and other techniques requiring co-ordination, such as the use of inhalers, can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy by performing tests of cognitive function, praxis and executive function [6, 7]. Some of those tests are time consuming and are consequently too inconvenient to be used in routine clinical practice. There is, therefore, a need to identify a quick screening test to distinguish the patients who are likely to be able to perform accurate spirometry from those in whom the testing would be misleading or futile. A potential candidate is the intersecting pentagon (IP) drawing component of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [8]. This part of the MMSE is a test of understanding, execution and co-ordination that might therefore be able to discriminate between the two groups of patients. The main purpose of this study was to explore the predictive power of IP in this context and to compare IP with the entire MMSE.
Understanding the Diffusion of Ambulatory Surgery Centers

Background. Outpatient surgery is increasingly delivered at freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), which are thought to deliver quality care at lower costs per episode. The objective of this study was to understand potential facilitators and/or barriers to the introduction of freestanding ASCs in the United States. Methods. This is an observational study conducted from 2008 to 2010 using a 20% sample of Medicare claims. Potential determinants of ASC dissemination, including population, system, and legal factors, were compared between markets that always had ASCs, never had ASCs, and those that had new ASCs open during the study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine characteristics of markets associated with the opening of a new facility in a previously naïve market. Results. New ASCs opened in 67 previously naïve markets between 2008 and 2010. ASCs were more likely to open in hospital service areas that were urban (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-10.96), had higher per capita income (adjusted OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.43-10.45), and had less competition for outpatient surgery (adjusted OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02-4.45). Legal considerations and latent need, as measured by case volumes of hospital-based outpatient surgery in 2007, were not associated with the opening of a new ASC. Conclusions. Freestanding ASCs opened in advantageous socioeconomic environments with the least amount of competition. Because of their associated efficiency advantages, policy makers might consider strategies to promote ASC diffusion in disadvantaged markets to potentially improve access and reduce costs.
Comparative optimism: a framework for understanding positive sexual minority experience

Comparative optimism is the belief that negative events are more likely to happen to others and positive events are more likely to happen to the self. This research considers the impact of sexual orientation on comparative optimism, specifically in relation to positive life events. Participants were 392 adult women and men (18–63 years old) who self-identified as either heterosexual (n = 332) or a sexual minority (n = 60). Participants rated 10 general positive event statements and 10 minority salient positive event statements in terms of how likely they would happen to themselves in comparison to two different comparison targets: a member of the ‘general population’ and an individual who is ‘similar to self’. For general positive event statements, sexual minority and heterosexual participants displayed similar levels of comparative optimism. This was true for both comparison targets. For minority salient positive events, sexual minorities were more optimistic than heterosexual participants when making comparisons to a member of the general population but not when comparing to someone ‘similar to self’. These findings suggest that in order to fully and accurately interpret the comparative optimism literature, participant identity as well as who participants are comparing themselves to (based on either instructions or spontaneous comparisons) needs to be considered. Ultimately, these findings suggest that comparative optimism may provide a useful framework for further understanding the positive minority experience.
Clinical Significance of Early Changes in Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients Receiving First-Line Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma1

Background: The therapeutic paradigm of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) is rapidly shifting and new biomarkers are needed to enhance patient selection. Objective: Early identification of dynamic predictors of outcome may be a key to optimize the sequence of effective therapies in metastatic UC patients. Methods: Blood samples from patients receiving first-line MVAC chemotherapy were collected at baseline (T0) and after 2 cycles (T2). Samples were processed by immunomagnetic beads (AdnaTest ProstateCancerSelect kit) and the expression of EPCAM, MUC1 and ERBB2 was studied using multiplex-PCR. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) positivity and cutoffs, obtained by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in healthy donors, were: ≥1 positive marker among EPCAM (≥0.40 ng/μl), MUC1 (≥0.10 ng/μl) and ERBB2 (≥0.20 ng/μl). CTC variation (T0/T2) was split in favorable (+/–, –/–, –/+) and unfavorable groups (+/+). Cox regression analyses evaluated associations with clinical factors. Results: In this pilot study to assess a new CTC detection method, among 31 evaluable patients, 17 (54.8%) were CTC-positive at T0. No association was found between CTC and objective response to MVAC. CTC dynamic changes better predicted 3-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to CTC status assessed at single time points. Unfavorable trend was univariably detrimental on 3-year PFS (10% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.006) and OS (20% vs. 63.5%, p = 0.017). Significance was maintained after controlling for liver metastases (p = 0.031 and p = 0.025 for PFS and OS) and MSKCC score (p = 0.014 and 0.025). Conclusions: Newly described early CTC changes during chemotherapy might be useful to improve our prognostic ability. Pending validation, these results could fulfill the promise to help accelerating therapeutic sequences.
Soccer, South Africa and Celebrity Status: Mark Fish, Popular Culture and the Post‐Apartheid State

The rise of celebrity culture is a theme that has attracted a significant amount of attention within both mainstream sociology and cultural studies in more recent times. Ensuing debate has identified contemporary sports figures as an important facet of the celebrity‐media nexus and as possible signifiers of cultural change. In this paper we take one particular sports celebrity, South African soccer star Mark Fish, and evaluate his image in relation to debates surrounding sport, politics and the post‐apartheid state. We argue that because Fish appears to enjoy all the benefits of celebrity status (within his home country at least), an analysis of his career and identity provide a useful means by which to think about the changing political and nationalistic values within South African society.