Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“I’m Not a Science Nerd!”

Stereotypes reduce women’s identification with science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), which can decrease their motivation to enter STEM domains. Stereotypes may be gender-based (e.g., STEM is for men) or trait-based (e.g., STEM is for geniuses). In this study, I explored two primary research questions: First, would stereotyping STEM as a domain for nerdy geniuses negatively relate to women’s STEM identity? Second, would STEM identity mediate the relation between stereotypes and STEM motivation? Nerd-genius stereotypes and gender stereotypes negatively contributed to women’s STEM identity. STEM identity positively contributed to women’s STEM motivation (including expectancy-value beliefs). Participants were a diverse sample of undergraduate women (N = 195, mean age was 19.8; 30% of participants were Latina, 30% European, 24% Asian). Stereotype measures were (1) implicit gender-STEM associations, (2) explicit gender associations about STEM, and (3) a new scale that measured nerd-genius stereotypes. The results highlight the unique contribution different stereotypes make toward women’s identification with STEM and, in turn, their motivation to pursue STEM pathways. Practice implications include addressing nerd-genius stereotypes in STEM interventions and reducing classroom artifacts that might be reminiscent of these stereotypes.
Communix: A framework for collaborative deadlock immunity

We present Communix, a collaborative deadlock immunity framework for Java programs. Deadlock immunity enables applications to avoid deadlocks that they previously encountered. Dimmunix [1], our deadlock immunity system, detects deadlocks and saves their signatures at runtime, then avoids execution flows that match these signatures; a signature is an abstraction of the execution flow that led to deadlock. Dimmunix needs all the deadlock bugs in an application to manifest, in all possible ways, in order to provide full protection against deadlocks for that application. Communix addresses this shortcoming by distributing the deadlock signatures produced by Dimmunix. The signatures of a deadlock can protect against the deadlock any user connected to the Internet and running the same application, even if he/she did not experience the deadlock yet. Besides signature distribution, Communix provides signature validation and generalization. Signature validation ensures that the incoming signatures match the target applications, and protect the users against malicious signatures. Signature generalization keeps the repository of deadlock signatures compact, by merging multiple deadlock signatures into one signature. Communix is application agnostic, i.e., it is applicable to any Java application. Communix is efficient and scalable, and can effectively protect Java applications against malicious signatures.
An investigation into the sensitivity of shear wave ultrasound elastography to measure the anterior bladder wall pressure in patients with neurogenic bladder

Introduction and Objective: Urodynamic testing (urodynamics) is widely used for evaluating bladder function as a result of high detrusor compliance. This aggressive and uncomfortable test is especially difficult for children. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity of shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) as a new method for evaluating the biomechanical characteristics of bladder to measure the anterior bladder wall pressure in children with neurogenic bladder (NB). Materials and Methods: The present prospective clinical study was carried out on 30 children with allegedly NB and 20 healthy children as control group. These children referred to Ahwaz Golestan Hospital in 2018. After clinical evaluations, urodynamics was performed for children with NB and detrusor compliance was measured in cm/H2O. The ultrasonography of the SWE was performed on the anterior wall of the bladder (Estimated bladder capacity (EBC) 50%) for the two groups. The relationship between shear wave speed (SWS) and detrusor compliance was estimated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Independent t-test was used to compare SWS between two groups. Results: In patients with NB, there was a significant relationship between the mean SWS of the anterior bladder wall and detrusor compliance (R = 0.89, P = 0.0001). The comparison between normal and NB groups showed that the mean SWS of the anterior bladder wall in the patients was significantly higher than the healthy group (1.88 ± 0.88 m/s vs. 0.94 ± 0.15; P = 0.0001). There was also no significant relationship between SWS, gender, age, weight, and body mass index of patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that SWE can be used as a useful alternative for urorodynamic testing in the evaluation of NB (bladder dysfunction) in children.
Mechanism of a prototypical synthetic membrane-active antimicrobial: Efficient hole-punching via interaction with negative intrinsic curvature lipids

Phenylene ethynylenes comprise a prototypical class of synthetic antimicrobial compounds that mimic antimicrobial peptides produced by eukaryotes and have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. We show unambiguously that bacterial membrane permeation by these antimicrobials depends on the presence of negative intrinsic curvature lipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids, found in high concentrations within bacterial membranes. Plate-killing assays indicate that a PE-knockout mutant strain of Escherichia coli drastically out-survives the wild type against the membrane-active phenylene ethynylene antimicrobials, whereas the opposite is true when challenged with traditional metabolic antibiotics. That the PE deletion is a lethal mutation in normative environments suggests that resistant bacterial strains do not evolve because a lethal mutation is required to gain immunity. PE lipids allow efficient generation of negative curvature required for the circumferential barrel of an induced membrane pore; an inverted hexagonal HII phase, which consists of arrays of water channels, is induced by a small number of antimicrobial molecules. The estimated antimicrobial occupation in these water channels is nonlinear and jumps from ≈1 to 3 per 4 nm of induced water channel length as the global antimicrobial concentration is increased. By comparing to exactly solvable 1D spin models for magnetic systems, we quantify the cooperativity of these antimicrobials.
EVALUATION OF SUICIDAL RISK IN DEPRESSIVES AND SCHIZOPHRENICS : A 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY

A very high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the persons attempting or committing suicide has been observed by several investigators (Barraclough et al, 1974; Beck et al, 1990; Drake et al, 1985). In a study of attempted suicide Morgan et al. (1975) reported neurotic depression in 52%, personality disorder in 29% functional psychosis in 12% and alcohol addiction in 10%. Silver et al. (1971) found 80% of the attempters having depressive features. Likewise, Barracloughf1974) found 93% of the suicide being mentally ill, depression accounting for 70%.
Performance and yield enhancement of FPGAs with within-die variation using multiple configurations

A new method for improving the timing yield of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices affected by random within-die variation is proposed. By selection of an appropriate configuration from a set of functionally equivalent configurations such that the critical paths do not share same circuit resources on the FPGA, both the average critical path delay and its standard deviation are reduced substantially under conditions of large random variation. Large within-die variations of device parameters such as transistor threshold voltage are anticipated in future semiconductor technologies, resulting in degradation of parametric yields. Comparing to the previous approach which compensates for such within-die variation by designing circuit placement for each chip using variation information measured before, our method does not require the measurement of process variations and execution of design tools for each chip. The average critical path delay is reduced by up to 5% assuming 30% (σ/μ) variation in threshold voltage, with a corresponding 50% decrease in standard deviation.
Major Challenges To Engineering Education for Sustainable Development: What Has to Change to Make it Creative, Effective, and Acceptable to the Established Disciplines

Scholars and professionals committed to fostering sustainable development have urged a re‐examination of the curriculum and restructuring of research in engineering‐focused institutions of higher learning. This article will address the following themes and questions: How can multi‐ and trans‐disciplinary teaching and research coexist in a meaningful way in today's university structures? Does education relevant to sustainable development require its own protected incubating environment to survive, or will it otherwise be gobbled up and marginalized by attempting to instil it throughout the traditional curriculum? What roles can national and EU governments have in accelerating the needed changes? How can it be made safe for courageous students to take educational paths different from traditional tracks, even if technical options exist to do so? What can one learn from comparative analysis of universities in different nations and environments?
Incidence and progression of myopia in Singaporean school children.

PURPOSE To determine the incidence and progression rates of myopia in young Singaporean children. METHODS A prospective cohort study, the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM), was conducted in two schools in Singapore (1999-2002). Children aged 7 to 9 years (n=981) were followed up over a 3-year period. Cycloplegic autorefraction and biometry parameter measures were performed annually, according to the same protocol. RESULTS The 3-year cumulative incidence rates were 47.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.2-53.3), 38.4% (95% CI: 31.4-45.4), and 32.4% (95% CI: 21.8-43.1) for 7-, 8-, and 9-year-old children, respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates were higher in Chinese (49.5% vs. 27.2%) and in 7-year-old compared with 9-year-old children at baseline (47.7% vs. 32.4%), though the latter relationship was of borderline significance after adjustment for race, gender, amount of reading (books/week), and parental myopia (P=0.057). Premyopic children with greater axial lengths, vitreous chamber depths, and thinner lenses were more prone to the development of myopia, after controlling for age, gender, race, reading, and parental myopia. The 3-year mean cumulative myopia progression rates were -2.40 D (95% CI: -2.57 to -2.22) in 7-year-old myopic children, -1.97 (95% CI: -2.16 to -1.78) in 8-year-olds, and -1.71 (95% CI: -1.98 to -1.44) in 9-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Both the incidence and progression rates of myopia are high in Singaporean children.
Anteseden Anteseden Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Dampaknya pada Niat Pembelian Ulang

Pada zaman ini, salah satu peluang bisnis adalah bisnis cafe. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelasksan pengaruh suasana toko, kualitas pelayanan, dan kepuasan pelanggan terhadap niat pembelian ulang, serta peran kepuasan pelanggan memediasi pengaruh suasana toko dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap niat pembelian ulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di The Night Market Cafe a Co Working di Denpasar, dengan menggunakan 150 responden dan nteknik analisis data berupa Path Analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suasana toko dan kualitas pelayanan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Suasana dan kualitas pelayanan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat pembelian ulang. Kepuasan pelanggan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat pembelian ulang. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan mampu memediasi pengaruh suasana toko dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap niat pembelian ulang di The Night Market Cafe a Co Working. Kata Kunci: suasana toko, kualitas pelayanan, kepuasan pelanggan, niat pembelian ulang
A Recommender Trust Model Based Behavior in Grid

With increasing development of Internet, grid as a new structure of distributed network will be discussed more and more, while its security is facing the heavy challenge and restricts application of grid. The international research shows that grid security is on the way to trustworthy grid. Apart from current trust model, the future trust model in grid should add users’ behaviors reflecting users’ the subjective and objective characteristics those is asymmetric. Trust based on user behavior not only can reduce or avoid the contact with the malicious user, but also can reduce additional costs from monitoring and prevention for mutual trust between different users. Traditional trust model could not solve the problem, that user has different trust evaluation result because of different transaction and behaviors. Thus, considering different behaviors of user in transaction, a recommender trust model based behavior is proposed
Linker histone partial phosphorylation: effects on secondary structure and chromatin condensation

Linker histones are involved in chromatin higher-order structure and gene regulation. We have successfully achieved partial phosphorylation of linker histones in chicken erythrocyte soluble chromatin with CDK2, as indicated by HPCE, MALDI-TOF and Tandem MS. We have studied the effects of linker histone partial phosphorylation on secondary structure and chromatin condensation. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed a gradual increase of β-structure in the phosphorylated samples, concomitant to a decrease in α-helix/turns, with increasing linker histone phosphorylation. This conformational change could act as the first step in the phosphorylation-induced effects on chromatin condensation. A decrease of the sedimentation rate through sucrose gradients of the phosphorylated samples was observed, indicating a global relaxation of the 30-nm fiber following linker histone phosphorylation. Analysis of specific genes, combining nuclease digestion and qPCR, showed that phosphorylated samples were more accessible than unphosphorylated samples, suggesting local chromatin relaxation. Chromatin aggregation was induced by MgCl2 and analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Phosphorylated chromatin had lower percentages in volume of aggregated molecules and the aggregates had smaller hydrodynamic diameter than unphosphorylated chromatin, indicating that linker histone phosphorylation impaired chromatin aggregation. These findings provide new insights into the effects of linker histone phosphorylation in chromatin condensation.
WORST-CASE QUADRATIC LOSS BOUNDS FOR ON-LINE PREDICTION OF LINEAR FUNCTIONS BY GRADIENT DESCENT

In this paper we study the performance of gradient descent when applied to the problem of on-line linear prediction in arbitrary inner product spaces. We show worst-case bounds on the sum of the squared prediction errors under various assumptions concerning the amount of a priori information about the sequence to predict. The algorithms we use are variants and extensions of on-line gradient descent. Whereas our algorithms always predict using linear functions as hypotheses, none of our results requires the data to be linearly related. In fact, the bounds proved on the total prediction loss are typically expressed as a function of the total loss of the best fixed linear predictor with bounded norm. All the upper bounds are tight to within constants. Matching lower bounds are provided in some cases. Finally, we apply our results to the problem of on-line prediction for classes of smooth functions.
Grizzly Bear Noninvasive Genetic Tagging Surveys: Estimating the Magnitude of Missed Detections

Sound wildlife conservation decisions require sound information, and scientists increasingly rely on remotely collected data over large spatial scales, such as noninvasive genetic tagging (NGT). Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), for example, are difficult to study at population scales except with noninvasive data, and NGT via hair trapping informs management over much of grizzly bears’ range. Considerable statistical effort has gone into estimating sources of heterogeneity, but detection error–arising when a visiting bear fails to leave a hair sample–has not been independently estimated. We used camera traps to survey grizzly bear occurrence at fixed hair traps and multi-method hierarchical occupancy models to estimate the probability that a visiting bear actually leaves a hair sample with viable DNA. We surveyed grizzly bears via hair trapping and camera trapping for 8 monthly surveys at 50 (2012) and 76 (2013) sites in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. We used multi-method occupancy models to estimate site occupancy, probability of detection, and conditional occupancy at a hair trap. We tested the prediction that detection error in NGT studies could be induced by temporal variability within season, leading to underestimation of occupancy. NGT via hair trapping consistently underestimated grizzly bear occupancy at a site when compared to camera trapping. At best occupancy was underestimated by 50%; at worst, by 95%. Probability of false absence was reduced through successive surveys, but this mainly accounts for error imparted by movement among repeated surveys, not necessarily missed detections by extant bears. The implications of missed detections and biased occupancy estimates for density estimation–which form the crux of management plans–require consideration. We suggest hair-trap NGT studies should estimate and correct detection error using independent survey methods such as cameras, to ensure the reliability of the data upon which species management and conservation actions are based.
Maltase protein of Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha is a counterpart to the resurrected ancestor protein ancMALS of yeast maltases and isomaltases

Saccharomyces cerevisiae maltases use maltose, maltulose, turanose and maltotriose as substrates, isomaltases use isomaltose, α‐methylglucoside and palatinose and both use sucrose. These enzymes are hypothesized to have evolved from a promiscuous α‐glucosidase ancMALS through duplication and mutation of the genes. We studied substrate specificity of the maltase protein MAL1 from an earlier diverged yeast, Ogataea polymorpha (Op), in the light of this hypothesis. MAL1 has extended substrate specificity and its properties are strikingly similar to those of resurrected ancMALS. Moreover, amino acids considered to determine selective substrate binding are highly conserved between Op MAL1 and ancMALS. Op MAL1 represents an α‐glucosidase in which both maltase and isomaltase activities are well optimized in a single enzyme. Substitution of Thr200 (corresponds to Val216 in S. cerevisiae isomaltase IMA1) with Val in MAL1 drastically reduced the hydrolysis of maltose‐like substrates (α‐1,4‐glucosides), confirming the requirement of Thr at the respective position for this function. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) of the catalytically inactive mutant Asp199Ala of MAL1 in the presence of its substrates and selected monosaccharides suggested that the substrate‐binding pocket of MAL1 has three subsites (–1, +1 and +2) and that binding is strongest at the –1 subsite. The DSF assay results were in good accordance with affinity (Km) and inhibition (Ki) data of the enzyme for tested substrates, indicating the power of the method to predict substrate binding. Deletion of either the maltase (MAL1) or α‐glucoside permease (MAL2) gene in Op abolished the growth of yeast on MAL1 substrates, confirming the requirement of both proteins for usage of these sugars. © 2016 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy

The Balanced Scorecard was developed to measure both current operating performance and the drivers of future performance. Many managers believe they are using a Balanced Scorecard when they supplement traditional financial measures with generic, non-financial measures about customers, processes, and employees. But the best Balanced Scorecards are more than ad hoc collections of financial and non-financial measures. The objectives and measures on a Balanced Scorecard should be derived from the business unit's strategy. A scorecard should contain outcome measures and the performance drivers of those outcomes, linked together in causeand-effect relationships.
Authentic pedagogy: examining intellectual challenge in social studies classrooms

ABSTRACT This paper reports results from a six-state study of 62 USA social studies classrooms. We examined the extent to which intellectually challenging authentic pedagogy was present in study classrooms, the characteristics of classroom practice at different levels of authentic pedagogy, and how those characteristics may promote or inhibit high levels of authentic intellectual work (AIW). Like earlier AIW studies, we found generally low levels of AIW in observed classes. However, we did find several cases of classrooms scoring in the highest AIW range. We examined characteristics of practice that typified teaching of exemplar lessons at four different levels of authentic pedagogy and identified noteworthy differences in teacher purpose, the ways teachers structured and enacted lessons to accomplish their purposes, and the ways that the structures of the lessons encouraged different lesson narratives that communicated different epistemological assumptions about the complexity of social reality and the process of sense-making. Teachers at the higher levels of the AIW scale sought to promote autonomy and civic competence. We conclude that to maintain democratic societies, educators must expand the number of classrooms offering students this essential preparation for civic life and provide suggestions for how this might be accomplished.
EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENT NITROGEN USE EFFlClENClES OF SELECTED SUGARCANE VARIETIES

A rapid screening (hydroponic) and field testing programme There is increasing interest in improving the nitrogen (N) use efficiency of cultivated crops, due to the high cost of synthetic N fertiliser. Since existing differences in N use efficiency between sugarcane varieties could be exploited to improve N fertilisation, a hydroponic pot experiment was conducted to test the performance of seven commercial South African varieties (NCo376, N12, N14, N16, N19, N24, N25) at three N concentrations (30, 60, 90 mg NL). At the first N increment, significant varietal differences in internal N use efficiency (g sucroselg accumulated N) were recorded in the ratoon cane. High N use efficiencies for N12 and N19 were 65 and 63% respectively, above the 'reference' variety NCo376. In contrast, N14 was 19% less efficient than NCo376, which is in agreement with results from field trials. These data suggest that substantial benefits may be derived from variety specific N fertiliser recommendations for sugarcane, rather than a single recommendation based on NCo376. Based on field trial data, fertiliser recommendations for N14 have recently been increased by 30 kg Nlha. The hydroponic technique should be useful for initial screening of the many commercial and new sugarcane varieties before final field testing and amendments to fertiliser recommendations.
Contact-based routing in DTNs

Multi-copy replication is an efficient approach for routing a message between a pair of source and destination nodes in a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). However, such an approach disseminates an undesirable number of replicas of messages, which increases the overhead of the network. To restrain this, disparate routing techniques have evolved that limit the number of copies of the messages. However, in these schemes a message stays undesirably long in the buffer of a node. To address this issue, we propose a contact-based routing algorithm for DTNs that minimizes the average message buffer time of a node, while maintaining a targeted message delivery ratio compared to the existing state-of-the-art routing protocols. Simulation results show that the average message buffer time reduces upto one fourth from the existing quota-based schemes, and the message delivery ratio improves upto 18% over the well-known flooding based schemes.