Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE STAGES OF TRANSFERRING KNOWLEDGE IN SMALL FAMILY BUSINESS SUCCESSIONS

The present paper seeks to build understanding of family business succession by focusing on knowledge transfer between the older generation and the younger generation. Following the literature on resources, competences and knowledge management, we suggest that the introduction of the second generation in a family business involves the transfer of both explicit and intrinsic knowledge, i.e. tacit knowledge. An interesting question is: what are the routes to acquire these different types of knowledge and what role does single-loop and double-loop learning have in family business succession? The present paper is explorative based on a qualitative case study. Empirical evidence shows how difficult it is to depict the moment when a succession process has been completed. More than that, the central issues in succession, i.e. the transfer of knowledge, capabilities, responsibility and power, are linked to each other in a sequential manner, thus bringing out the process of learning. The stages of transferring knowledge can be divided into i. getting to know the field (growing into entrepreneurship), ii. familiarization (actual stage of transferring knowledge), and iii. the stage of the independent development of the business (creating new explicit and tacit knowledge).
Sonic Cradle: designing for an immersive experience of meditation by connecting respiration to music

Sonic Cradle is a chamber of complete darkness where users shape a peaceful soundscape using only their respiration. This interactive system was designed to foster a meditative experience by facilitating users' sense of immersion while following a specific attentional pattern characteristic of mindfulness. The goal of Sonic Cradle is twofold: first, to trigger the proven effects of mindfulness on stress, and second, to help teach and demystify the concept of meditation for users' long-term benefit. This paper presents the design phase of the project, starting by theoretically grounding the initial concept. We then discuss 15 co-design sessions which provided informal conceptual validation and led to several concrete design iterations aimed at balancing users' perceived sense of control. The presented approach to designing an interactive stress management system can be considered research through design, as it also resulted in a novel theoretical framework for the psychology of media immersion which has implications for a wide range of research areas.
Garlic Oil Attenuated Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis by Modulating the Metabolic Activation and Detoxification Enzymes

Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a potent carcinogen widely existing in the environment. Our previous study has demonstrated that garlic oil (GO) could prevent NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. It has been well documented that the metabolic activation may play important roles in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, we designed the current study to explore the potential mechanisms by investigating the changes of hepatic phase Ⅰ enzymes (including cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP1A1) and phase Ⅱ enzymes (including glutathione S transferases (GSTs) and UDP- Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)) by using enzymatic methods, real-time PCR, and western blotting analysis. We found that NDEA treatment resulted in significant decreases of the activities of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, GST alpha, GST mu, UGTs and increases of the activities of CYP1A1 and GST pi. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, GST alpha, GST mu and UGT1A6 in the liver of NDEA-treated rats were significantly decreased compared with those of the control group rats, while the mRNA and protein levels of CYP1A1 and GST pi were dramatically increased. Interestingly, all these adverse effects induced by NDEA were simultaneously and significantly suppressed by GO co-treatment. These data suggest that the protective effects of GO against NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis might be, at least partially, attributed to the modulation of phase I and phase II enzymes.
Mediterranean diet and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction: a case–control study from Italy

Abstract Objective To add epidemiological data on the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Southern European population. Design Hospital-based case–control study. Conformity to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through a score (i.e. the Mediterranean diet score, MDS) based on nine dietary components (high consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruit and nuts, cereals, and fish and seafood; high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated lipids; low consumption of dairy and meat; and moderate alcohol consumption). The score ranged between 0 (lowest adherence) and 9 (highest adherence). The association of the MDS, or its components, with the risk of AMI was evaluated through multiple logistic regression models, controlling for potential confounding variables. Setting The study was conducted in the greater Milan area (Italy) between 1995 and 2003. Subjects Seven hundred and sixty patients with a first episode of non-fatal AMI and 682 controls. Results High consumption of vegetables and legumes were inversely associated with non-fatal AMI risk. As compared with MDS<4, the OR of non-fatal AMI were 0·85 (95 % CI 0·65, 1·12) for MDS of 4–5 and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·75) for MDS≥6, with a trend in risk (P<0·01). Results were consistent in strata of selected risk factors and an apparently stronger association emerged for individuals with a lower BMI. Conclusions The Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the risk of non-fatal AMI in this Southern European population.
Penetration Testing == POMDP Solving?

Penetration Testing is a methodology for assessing network security, by generating and executing possible attacks. Doing so automatically allows for regular and systematic testing without a prohibitive amount of human labor. A key question then is how to generate the attacks. This is naturally formulated as a planning problem. Previous work (Lucangeli et al. 2010) used classical planning and hence ignores all the incomplete knowledge that characterizes hacking. More recent work (Sarraute et al. 2011) makes strong independence assumptions for the sake of scaling, and lacks a clear formal concept of what the attack planning problem actually is. Herein, we model that problem in terms of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDP). This grounds penetration testing in a well-researched formalism, highlighting important aspects of this problem's nature. POMDPs allow to model information gathering as an integral part of the problem, thus providing for the first time a means to intelligently mix scanning actions with actual exploits.
A predictive power control scheme for energy efficient state estimation via wireless sensor networks

We investigate state estimation via wireless sensor networks over fading channels causing random packet loss. Packet loss probabilities depend upon the time-varying channel gains and transmission power levels used by the sensors. We develop a predictive controller which trades off sensor energy expenditure versus state estimation accuracy. The latter is measured by the expected value of the future covariance matrices provided by the associated time-varying Kalman Filter. To further conserve energy at the sensors, the controller is located at the gateway and sends coarsely quantized power increment commands, only whenever necessary. Simulations based on real channel measurements show that the proposed approach gives excellent results.
Consequences of sexual selection for fisheries-induced evolution: an exploratory analysis

Reproductive behaviour and mating system complexity may influence fisheries‐induced evolution. Mate choice and intrasexual competition might favour late‐, large‐maturing genotypes in contrast to the selection imposed by many fisheries. Here, we simulate changes to the mean and variance in body size of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) concomitant with increased fishing intensity. Comparing selection differentials (S) for length under the assumptions that size does and does not affect reproductive success, we find that the strength of selection for smaller body size associated with increased fishing pressure depends on: (i) the initial variance in body size; (ii) changes to the variance in size with increasing fishing intensity; and (iii) the influence of size on reproductive success. If the initial variability in length is sufficiently high and its coefficient of variation (CV) increases with fishing intensity, the predicted evolutionary shift towards smaller size generated by fishing is less than that expected under the assumption that reproductive success is independent of size. However, if size influences reproduction and if the CV in body size declines as fishing pressure increases, a trend that may be characteristic of many intensively exploited populations, the strength of selection for smaller size is predicted to be comparatively rapid. We conclude that fisheries‐induced evolution can be influenced by changes to the mean and variance of traits under sexual selection, and that the benefits of maintaining broad phenotypic variability in traits such as body size may be greater than previously thought.
Control Motivations and Capital Structure Decisions

This paper shows the use of leverage by control-motivated blockholders to defend their grip over corporate control. Blockholders with high control motivations face a trade-off between raising external finance and losing their control over the firm. Debt offers a solution to this dilemma while equity does not, leading to higher debt-equity ratios. Risk-reduction motivation is the major competing hypothesis to control: undiversified blockholders want to decrease leverage to reduce the firm specific risk they face. We use the firms’ ownership structure to detect control motivations of blockholders. Family blockholders are the best examples of shareholders who value corporate control most and tend to have undiversified portfolios, more so than institutional investors. We use 5,975 firms from 38 different countries over the period 1992-2006 and find that the family blockholders’ control motives significantly influence capital structure decisions and no support for the risk reducing motivations. Family blockholders use leverage very strategically and not indiscriminately given the higher risk of bankruptcy: they use it mostly when control is contestable and when non-family shareholders’ votes have a high probability of being pivotal in a random coalition formation, and use it less when they already have control-enhancing mechanisms in place. Higher leverage in family firms is not due to investment policies’ riskiness, higher managerial agency costs, empire-building concerns or higher financial deficits confirming the importance of control motivations.
Could EGM player-tracking systems help link gamblers to treatment services in Australia: a thematic analysis of counsellor and community educators’ perspectives

Abstract There are a number of different pathways to care that people experiencing problems with gambling may pursue. The current research examined the potential of player-tracking systems, such as pre-commitment technology or loyalty cards, to improve the delivery of links to treatment. Thirty-three key informants from gambling treatment and community education in Australia were interviewed about the potential contributions of these technologies to helping link gamblers with problems to treatment services. Thematic analysis revealed three broad considerations for effective links to treatment using these technologies. First, links need to be appropriate in terms of the multitude of problems (other than gambling) that people might face with customized links appropriate to a gambler’s circumstances. Second, the presentation of the links should make them easy to notice and appropriately timed. Third, links should be provided as part of a broader strategy of harm minimization; by recognizing where people are in terms of behavioural change; providing positively framed guidance; and maintaining consistency with public health approaches. This research provides guidance based on informed expert opinion on what features of technology-driven links-to-treatment are likely to meet with greatest success.
Triangulating the genetic basis of adaptation to multifarious selection

Understanding how natural populations adapt to their local environments is a major research theme for ecological genomics. This endeavour begins by sleuthing for shared genetic similarities among unrelated natural populations sharing adaptive traits to documented selective pressures. When the selective pressures have low dimensionality, and the genetic response is localized to a few genes of major effect, this detective work is relatively straightforward. However, in the real world, populations face a complex mixture of selective pressures and many adaptive responses are the result of changes in quantitative traits that have a polygenic genetic basis. This complex relationship between environment and adaptation presents a significant challenge. How can we begin to identify drivers of adaptation in natural settings? In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Orsini et al. (2012) take advantage of the biological attributes of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia ( Fig. 1 ) to disentangle multidimensional selection’s signature on the genome of populations that have repeatedly evolved adaptive responses to isolated selective pressures including predation, parasitism and anthropogenic changes in land use. Orsini et al. (2012) leverage a powerful combination of spatially structured populations in a geographic mosaic of environmental stressors, the historical archive of past genotypes preserved in lake‐bottom sediments and selection experiments to identify sets of candidate genomic regions associated with adaptation in response to these three environmental stressors. This study provides a template for future investigation in ecological genomics, combining multiple experimental approaches with the genomic investigation of a well‐studied ecological model species.
Does the Universe accelerate equally in all directions

We employ the Union compilation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) with a maximum likelihood analysis to search for a dark energy dipole. To approach this problem, we present a simple, computationally efficient and largely model-independent method. We opted to weight each SN by its observed error estimate, so that poorly measured SNe that deviate substantially from the Hubble law do not produce spurious results. We find, with very low significance, a dipole in the cosmic acceleration directed roughly towards the cosmic microwave background dipole, but this is almost certainly coincidental.
Drosophila Apc2 Is a Cytoskeletally-Associated Protein That Regulates Wingless Signaling in the Embryonic Epidermis

The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) negatively regulates Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signal transduction by helping target the Wnt effector β-catenin or its Drosophila homologue Armadillo (Arm) for destruction. In cultured mammalian cells, APC localizes to the cell cortex near the ends of microtubules. Drosophila APC (dAPC) negatively regulates Arm signaling, but only in a limited set of tissues. We describe a second fly APC, dAPC2, which binds Arm and is expressed in a broad spectrum of tissues. dAPC2's subcellular localization revealed colocalization with actin in many but not all cellular contexts, and also suggested a possible interaction with astral microtubules. For example, dAPC2 has a striking asymmetric distribution in neuroblasts, and dAPC2 colocalizes with assembling actin filaments at the base of developing larval denticles. We identified a dAPC2 mutation, revealing that dAPC2 is a negative regulator of Wg signaling in the embryonic epidermis. This allele acts genetically downstream of wg, and upstream of arm, dTCF, and, surprisingly, dishevelled. We discuss the implications of our results for Wg signaling, and suggest a role for dAPC2 as a mediator of Wg effects on the cytoskeleton. We also speculate on more general roles that APCs may play in cytoskeletal dynamics.
Two-dimensional spectroscopy of a sunspot - III. Thermal and kinematic structure of the penumbra at 0$\farcs$5 resolution

We investigate the thermal and kinematic configuration of a sunspot penumbra using high spectral and spatial resolution intensity profiles of the non-magnetic FeI 557.6 nm line. The data set was acquired with the 2D solar spectrometer TESOS. The profiles are inverted using a one-component model atmosphere with gradients of the physical quantities. From this inversion we obtain the stratification with depth of temperature, line-of-sight velocity, and microturbulence across the penumbra. Our results suggest that the physical mechanism(s) responsible for the penumbral filaments operate preferentially in the lower photosphere. The spot, located at an heliocentric angle of 23°, exhibits larger continuum intensities in the center-side penumbra as compared with the limb side, which translates into an average temperature difference of 100-150 K at log τ 500 = 0. We investigate the nature of the bright ring that appears in the inner penumbra when sunspots are observed in the wing of spectral lines. It is suggested that the bright ring does not reflect a temperature enhancement in the mid photospheric layers. The line-of-sight velocities retrieved from the inversion are used to determine the flow geometry at different heights in the photosphere. Both the flow speed and flow angle increase with optical depth and radial distance. Downflows are detected in the mid and outer penumbra, but only in deep layers (log τ 500 > -1.4). We demonstrate that the velocity stratifications retrieved from the inversion are consistent with the idea of penumbral flux tubes channeling the Evershed flow. Finally, we show that larger Evershed flows are associated with brighter continuum intensities in the inner center-side penumbra. Dark structures, however, are also associated with significant Evershed flows. This leads us to suggest that the bright and dark filaments seen at 0. "5 resolution are not individual flow channels, but a collection of them. Our analysis highlights the importance of very high spatial resolution spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric measurements for a better understanding of sunspot penumbrae.
Low Complexity Transceiver Scheme for D-STTD OFDM System with Antenna Shuffling

In this paper, we study low complexity transceiver for double space time transmit diversity (D-STTD) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with antenna shuffling. We utilize a simple antenna shuffling method based on the criterion of minimum mean square error (MMSE). We propose an algorithm to reduce the amount of feedback by exploiting the fact that the channel frequency responses across OFDM subcarriers are correlated. In the proposed algorithm, subcarriers are clustered in blocks, which are allocated the same shuffling pattern with the largest number of the shuffling patterns in the cluster. This way, the signaling overhead can be reduced in comparison with each subcarrier based feedback. Furthermore, the weighted soft decision Viterbi decoding is applied to mitigate noise enhancement inherent to ZF and MMSE linear detectors and improve error rate performance. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in frequency-selective MIMO channels.
Umbra: efficient and scalable memory shadowing

Shadow value tools use metadata to track properties of application data at the granularity of individual machine instructions. These tools provide effective means of monitoring and analyzing the runtime behavior of applications. However, the high runtime overhead stemming from fine-grained monitoring often limits the use of such tools. Furthermore, 64-bit architectures pose a new challenge to the building of efficient memory shadowing tools. Current tools are not able to efficiently monitor the full 64-bit address space due to limitations in their shadow metadata translation. This paper presents an efficient and scalable memory shadowing framework called Umbra. Employing a novel translation scheme, Umbra supports efficient mapping from application data to shadow metadata for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications. Umbra's translation scheme does not rely on any platform features and is not restricted to any specific shadow memory size. We also present several mapping optimizations and general dynamic instrumentation techniques that substantially reduce runtime overhead, and demonstrate their effectiveness on a real-world shadow value tool. We show that shadow memory translation overhead can be reduced to just 133% on average.
Deviant Responses as a Function of Mental Deficiency.

The present paper discussed a merging trend between the projec­ tive and objective approaches to personality assessment. It is sug­ gested that this tendency is illustrated by the orientation of the Deviation Hypothesis. Certain hypotheses based upon the Deviation Hypothesis were investigated: that mentally defective individuals deviate from normal subjects in their responses to the Perceptual Reaction Test, and that the number of deviations increases with the severity of the deviant condition. The possibilities that mental defectives deviate from schizophrenics and from normal children, at roughly equivalent mental ages, were also investigated. Findings of the present research revealed that male and female mental defectives differed from both normal and schizophrenic adults. It was also found that female mental defectives did not differ from normal female children at three roughly equivalent mental ages. Male mental defectives differed from normal male children roughly matched for mental age at relatively low and medium but not at high mental age levels. There was a significant trend for scores based on number of deviant responses generally to in­ crease as severity of mental deficiency, in terms of IQ scores, increased.
THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF PNEUMONIC LUNGS

1. The specific polysaccharide content of pneumonic lungs in Type III pneumonia was 60 times greater than in Type I, II, VII, and VIII cases. 2. The highest values were obtained from gray hepatized lobes, but the red hepatized and edematous areas also contained large quantities of S. 3. Comparable yields of polysaccharide were recovered from the sputa and lungs of fatal cases. 4. Preliminary peptic digest of lung exudates increased the S yields. 5. The data support the hypothesis that the outcome in Type III pneumonia is related to the ability of the pneumococci to produce capsular polysaccharide.