Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in neural circuitry of language before and after treatment of major depression

Language tasks requiring semantic analysis of word meaning activate distinct brain areas including the anterior cingulate gyrus at about 200 msec after the stimulus onset, the left lateral prefrontal cortex at about 250 msec, and the left temporo‐parietal (Wernicke's) area at 500–600 msec. Reading the same words activate the insula around 800 msec and left occipital cortex around 200 msec stronger than the semantic analysis in normal subjects. Many of these brain areas also show abnormal activity in resting state in patients with major unipolar depression. We measured 128‐channel event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) and statistical probability mapping in the use generation task carried out with single visual nouns to explore the topography and time course of these cortical activations related to semantic processing in 11 patients with major unipolar depression before and 8 weeks after treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram. Before treatment in depressed state, the time course for the left prefrontal cortex activation did not show slowing, but was accompanied by the right prefrontal activation with a similar time course. The left posterior temporo‐parietal activation appeared later than in normals. Treatment was accompanied by the complete elimination of the right prefrontal activation in the same use generation task. Time course of the posterior left temporo‐parietal area showed a trend toward normalization. Insula‐related activation in reading task was not seen in depressed state, but was evident in the same patient group after the depression has lifted, presumably as a result of treatment with citalopram. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:156–167, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Custodial Grandparents' Perceived Control over Caregiving Outcomes

Abstract In this study, we explored the nature of the relationship between custodial grandparents' perception of control over caregiving outcomes and their discipline behavior with grandchildren. Perceived control moderated the relationship between frequency of difficult child behaviors and grandparents' use of strict disciplinary practices. However, unexpectedly, a high frequency of difficult grandchild behavior was associated with greater use of strict, even harsh, discipline among grandparents with highrather than low perceived control. This pattern was evidenced across the total sample; however, it was especially pronounced in African-American grandparent families. Among custodial grandparents, especially among African-American grandparents, it is possible that both nurturing and aggravation are intensified by the reparenting experience. Between-group differences may reflect the fact that grandparents embedded in different cultures have differing beliefs about how to socialize their grandchildren.
The Effectiveness of Monitoring Controls and Individual Moral Reasoning in the De-escalation of Commitments

The study examines the impact of two adverse selection elements (private information and incentives to shirk) on managers' escalation of commitment and the effectiveness of monitoring controls and manager's moral reasoning in de-escalating managers' commitment. This study contributes to the accounting literature by comprehensively evaluating the escalation commitment phenomena from its determinants, the strategy to reduce it, and the impact of moral reasoning level on managers' escalation commitment behavior. This research employed laboratory experiment method with 95 participants of undergraduate and graduate students. Consistent with Harrell and Harrison (1994), the findings of this study indicate that managers who experience adverse selection problems showed greater tendency to continue unprofitable project than managers who do not have such problems. However, this study fails to provide empirical evidence that monitoring control and individual moral reasoning level affect the tendency of managers to escalate their commitment.
Prognostic factors for cerebral palsy and motor impairment in children born very preterm or very low birthweight: a systematic review

There is a large literature reporting risk factor analyses for poor neurodevelopment in children born very preterm (VPT: ≤32wks) or very low birthweight (VLBW: ≤1250g), which to date has not been formally summarized. The aim of this paper was to identify prognostic factors for cerebral palsy (CP) and motor impairment in children born VPT/VLBW.
Native dialect effects in non-native production: Cuban and Peninsular learners of English

Abstract This study investigates how learners with distinct native dialects, Cuban (CS) and Peninsular Spanish (PS), produce the English vowels æ, Λ, a/. Experiment 1 compares the native vowels along several acoustic parameters to determine the extent of the cross-dialectal differences, and Experiment 2 assesses the differences in L2 production of the same speakers who are also advanced learners of English. More fronted and shorter vowels are predicted for PS versus CS. As such, L2 /æ, A, a/ are expected to be more fronted in the interlanguage of PS learners as compared to CS learners. Dialect-specific patterns of assimilation are highlighted. PS learners produce æ, Λ, a/ with good spectral differences but with no duration differences whereas for CS learners /Λ, a/ overlap spectrally but are realized with different durations. Differences found in L2 production are caused by the conjoint effect of the native dialect, the input, and the learning experience.
External and internal markers for appraising site and extent of digestion in ruminants.

Digesta markers are used routinely to calculate fecal output and to estimate kinetics within the digestive tract. A marker suitable for estimating fecal output may not be a suitable kinetic marker because of problems with marker migration, phase separation, inhibition of digestion, osmotic effects within the gut, and quantitation. Marker validity should be checked when possible based on alternative methods (e.g., fecal output and ruminal evacuation). Certain parameters, such as pool size and passage rate, that can be estimated with markers cannot be measured by other noninvasive procedures. Nevertheless, only when marker results are verified by other methods can one evaluate the magnitude of error associated with assumptions inherent in marker mathematics (steady state, instantaneous mixing, and first-order kinetics). When marker results do not meet expectations, marker failure, rather than inadequate knowledge of gastrointestinal function or analytical difficulties, is blamed. No marker is ideal, but research to compare markers is useless if results are not related to direct flow or output measurements. Marker results often are adjusted for marker recovery based on the premise that analysis is precise and that losses are constant. Such adjustment is appropriate only if the error is analytical and proportional. Despite imprecision in marker procedures, inherent variation may be small relative to other sources of variation (e.g., gut physiology, diet, environment, and feed intake). Even though absolute values may be imprecise and inaccurate, marker-based estimates usually provide reliable information about the direction and extent of kinetic changes induced by treatments.
A solar-wind-driven empirical model of Pc3 wave activity at a mid-latitude location

Abstract. In this paper we describe the development of two empirical models of Pc3 wave activity observed at a ground station. The models are tasked to predict pulsation intensity at Tihany, Hungary, from the OMNI solar wind data set at 5 min time resolution. One model is based on artificial neural networks and the other on multiple linear regression. Input parameters to the models are iteratively selected from a larger set of candidate inputs. The optimal set of inputs are solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field orientation (via cone angle), proton density and solar zenith angle (representing local time). Solar wind measurements are shifted in time with respect to Pc3 data to account for the propagation time of ULF perturbations from upstream of the bow shock. Both models achieve correlation of about 70% between measured and predicted Pc3 wave intensity. The timescales at which the most important solar wind parameters influence pulsation intensity are calculated for the first time. We show that solar wind speed influences pulsation intensity at much longer timescales (about 2 days) than cone angle (about 1 h).
Widget, Widget on the Wall, Am I Performing Well at All?

In collaborative learning environments, students work together on assignments in virtual teams and depend on each other's contribution to achieve their learning objectives. The online learning environment, however, may not only facilitate but also hamper group communication, coordination, and collaboration. Group awareness widgets that visualize information about the different group members based on information collected from the individuals can foster awareness and reflection processes within the group. In this paper, we present a formative data study about the predictive power of several indicators of an awareness widget based on automatically logged user data from an online learning environment. In order to test whether the information visualized by the widget is in line with the study outcomes, we instantiated the widget indicators with data from four previous runs of the European Virtual Seminar on Sustainable Development (EVS). We analyzed whether the tutor gradings in these previous years correlated with the students’ scores calculated for the widget indicators. Furthermore, we tested the predictive power of the widget indicators at various points in time with respect to the final grades of the students. The results of our analysis show that the grades and widget indicator scores are significantly and positively correlated, which provides a useful empirical basis for the development of guidelines for students and tutors on how to interpret the widget's visualizations in live runs.
Approximate polynomial greatest common divisors and nearest singular polynomials

The problem of computing the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two polynomials ~, g ~ A[z], A being a unique factorization domain, is well understood and there area number of efficient algorithms for computing polynomial gcds beginning with the the work of Collins and Brown [3, 4, 9]. In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding approximate gcds. Given a pair of polynomials ~, g with real/complex coefficients, we wish to determine a small perturbation of the coefficients of ~, g such that the perturbed polynomials have a non-trivial gtd. We treat several variations of this problem and apply our techniques to the problem of finding a polynomial having multiple roots clo~seto a given polynomial. In this paper, F[a, b] denotes the polynomial ring in a, b over the field ~ and F(a, b) denotes the field of rational functions in a, b over f. C denotes the field of complex numbers and ‘R denotes the field of real numbers. For a polynomial j = f.z” + j.–lz”–l + . + fo ~ C[x], 11~11denotes
The Effects of a Nematode Lungworm (Rhabdias hylae) on its Natural and Invasive Anuran Hosts

Abstract: Biological invasions can bring both the invader and native taxa into contact with novel parasites. As cane toads (Rhinella marina) have spread through Australia, they have encountered lungworms (Rhabdias hylae) that occur in native frogs. Field surveys suggest that these lungworms have not host-switched to toads. In our laboratory studies, R. hylae infected cane toads as readily as it infected native frogs, but failed to reach the lungs of the novel host (i.e., were killed by the toads' immune response). Plausibly, then, R. hylae might reduce the viability both of their native hosts (frogs, that can exhibit high parasite burdens) and cane toads (that must deal with infective larvae traveling through the host body). Our laboratory trials suggest, however, that the impacts of the parasite on infected anuran hosts (both frogs and toads) were minimal, with no significant decrements to host survival, activity, growth, or locomotor performance. Ironically, the lack of impact of the parasite on its native hosts appears to be an outcome of co-evolution (frogs tolerate the lungworm), whereas the lack of impact on the novel host is due to a lack of co-evolution (toads can recognize and eliminate the lungworm).
Predictable Switching Between Recognition Memory and Magnitude Judgement Tasks: Effects and Implications

Task switching and interruption effects—slower and (often) less accurate responses when a task changes compared to that when a task remains the same—have been investigated from both theoretical and applied vantage points (e.g., Altmann & Trafton, 2007; Jersild, 1927; Rogers & Monsell, 1995). The task switching research has typically used simple tasks with high stimulus-response (S-R) overlap, but there is a need to use different methods and tasks to test the boundaries of task switching effects and the theories used to explain them (Logan, 2003). This thesis examined the costs of switching between a recognition memory task, which is a more complex task than those typically used, and a magnitude judgement task (for the number of dots in a spatial array), which is the type of simple task that has been used (e.g., Altmann, 2002; Monsell, Sumner & Waters, 2003). Across seven experiments, participants switched between the recognition and magnitude tasks in predictable 1, 2, or 4-trial runs. The first two experiments examined task switching effects on recognition memory performance, with Experiment 2 investigating whether specific recognition processes (i.e., recollection and/or familiarity) were affected by switching tasks. Experiment 3 investigated the recovery from a task switch for both tasks and included a visual, task switch "reminder" cue in an attempt to improve switching performance. Finally, Experiments 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B examined evidence for two well-known task switching phenomena, the practice effect and the preparation effect. The results led to four critical conclusions: (1) switching between two tasks with minimal S-R overlap produced significant RT and accuracy switch effects; (2) the cost to recognition memory accuracy did not reflect an impairment to controlled recollection processes; (3) the magnitude and persistence of task switching effects changed as a function of practice within an experiment; and (4) there was little evidence that participants began to switch tasks in advance of stimulus presentation. The results reported in this thesis provide a clear example of task switching driven by the type of stimulus (word or dots), where a change in stimulus type (i.e., from word to dots array or vice versa) initiated the time consuming process of retrieving/activating the appropriate task set. Future research will need to clarify whether the stimulus-driven nature of switching between the recognition and magnitude tasks remains when using different task switching paradigms and when S-R overlap is reintroduced.
Three 4-aminoquinolines of antimalarial interest.

The structures of three compounds with potential antimalarial activity are reported. In N,N-diethyl-N'-(7-iodoquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, C15H20IN3, (I), the molecules are linked into ribbons by N-H.N and C-H.N hydrogen bonds. In N-(7-bromoquinolin-4-yl)-N',N'-diethylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrate, C15H20BrN3.2H2O, (II), two aminoquinoline molecules and four water molecules form an R5(4)(13) hydrogen-bonded ring which links to its neighbours to form a T5(2) one-dimensional infinite tape with pendant hydrogen bonds to the aminoquinolines. The phosphate salt 7-chloro-4-[2-(diethylammonio)ethylamino]quinolinium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) phosphoric acid, C15H22ClN3(2+). 2H2PO4-. H3PO4, (III), was prepared in order to establish the protonation sites of these compounds. The phosphate ions form a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded sheet, while the aminoquinoline cations are linked to the phosphates by N-H.O hydrogen bonds from each of their three N atoms. While the conformation of the quinoline region hardly varies between (I), (II) and (III), the amino side chain is much more flexible and adopts a significantly different conformation in each case. Aromatic pi-pi stacking interactions are the only supramolecular interactions seen in all three structures.
Child abuse and neglect.

The abuse and neglect of children remains a prevalent problem and continues to be a source of frustration and anger for pediatric health care providers. New information is emerging which may be helpful in better identifying appropriate means of prevention. This review focuses on four aspects of child abuse: recent data on the epidemiology of child abuse; a review of the signs and symptoms of abuse, appropriate work up, and recommendations regarding the pediatrician’s role in these cases; discussion of shortand long-term outcomes of abused children; and existing prevention programs and future directions.
Topoisomerase levels determine chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo

Topoisomerase poisons are chemotherapeutic agents that are used extensively for treating human malignancies. These drugs can be highly effective, yet tumors are frequently refractory to treatment or become resistant upon tumor relapse. Using a pool-based RNAi screening approach and a well characterized mouse model of lymphoma, we explored the genetic basis for heterogeneous responses to topoisomerase poisons in vitro and in vivo. These experiments identified Top2A expression levels as major determinants of response to the topoisomerase 2 poison doxorubicin and showed that suppression of Top2A produces resistance to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Analogously, using a targeted RNAi approach, we demonstrated that suppression of Top1 produces resistance to the topoisomerase 1 poison camptothecin yet hypersensitizes cancer cells to doxorubicin. Importantly, lymphomas relapsing after treatment display spontaneous changes in topoisomerase levels as predicted by in vitro gene knockdown studies. These results highlight the utility of pooled shRNA screens for identifying genetic determinants of chemotherapy response and suggest strategies for improving the effectiveness of topoisomerase poisons in the clinic.
Sparse Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform and Its Applications

The discrete fractional Fourier transform is a powerful signal processing tool with broad applications for nonstationary signals. In this paper, we propose a sparse discrete fractional Fourier transform (SDFrFT) algorithm to reduce the computational complexity when dealing with large data sets that are sparsely represented in the fractional Fourier domain. The proposed technique achieves multicomponent resolution in addition to its low computational complexity and robustness against noise. In addition, we apply the SDFrFT to the synchronization of high dynamic direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals. Furthermore, a sparse fractional cross ambiguity function (SFrCAF) is developed, and the application of SFrCAF to a passive coherent location system is presented. The experiment results confirm that the proposed approach can substantially reduce the computation complexity without degrading the precision.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME SELECTED INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and reemerging infectious diseases. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants. In the present study aqueous- ethanol extract of ten plants each belonging to different families was evaluated for antibacterial activity against medically important bacteria viz. S. aureus (MTCC 3160), B. subtilis (MTCC441), E. coli (MTCC40), K. pneumoniae (MTCC3384), P.mirabilis (MTCC425), P.aeruginosa (MTCC741). The in vitro anti-bacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and agar well diffusion method. P. mirabilis was the most resistant bacterium while S. aureus was the most susceptible bacteria. Amongst the plant species studied, Terminalia chebula showed best antibacterial activity.
Enhancing the quality of organizational communication

Purpose – This article aims to introduce practical based criteria for effective organizational communication.Design/methodology/approach – The subject scope for this article is corporate communication. The study is based on literature reviews and a qualitative study, entailing the basic principles of the phenomenological approach, with 20 subjects.Findings – Four additional criteria for effective corporate communication surfaced: responsible; professional; concise; and sincere.Research limitations/implications – The studies reviewed, although in‐depth, apply to a small sample in one metropolitan environment, which makes generalization among different cultures riskier.Practical implications – Organizational managers may use these findings to reflect on their communication strategies and improve them, where necessary, on the basis of the findings of this study.Originality/value – The paper's value lies in the four additional criteria found as a result of reflections from members of the corporate workforce, .
ENRICHING THE SPENCE AND ROBBINS TYPOLOGY OF WORKAHOLISM: DEMOGRAPHIC, MOTIVATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CORRELATES

This study contributes to the literature on workaholism by testing the Spence and Robbins workaholic triad; 5,853 full time workers participated in a national survey on working hours, covering a broad range of economic sectors and employment categories. Respondents were grouped eight clusters. Results show a strong similarity with those of other studies about the validity of the Spence and Robbins' typology. The same basic dimensions and the same types are identified, and similar relationships with extra‐work activities are found. In addition, a wide range of biographical, motivational and organizational data are included. One new type of workaholic was identified: the reluctant hard worker reports relatively long working hours, at a relatively low hierarchical level, with a strong perception of external pressure and a low perception of growth culture and a strong intention to leave the organization.
The spectral behaviour of Sphagnum canopies under varying hydrological conditions

We tested the extent to which the spectral response (0.4–2.5 μm) of Sphagnum can be used to indicate changes in near‐surface hydrological conditions in northern wetlands. Via laboratory experimentation on three typical Sphagnum species we found that: (1) there is a clear link between (a) a ratio of SWIR/NIR reflectance (ETM+ Ch 5/Ch4) and (b) the relative depth of the water absorbion feature centred at 1.205 μm (RDI), and near‐surface volumetric moisture content (VMC) of the three species, (2) the changes in this ratio seem to be distinct for each species, and (3) data relating to the red‐edge inflection point (REIP) for the Sphagnum species may also yield important information on variations in photosynthetic activity with near‐surface VMC.
Identification of physically based models of residential air-conditioners for direct load control management

In this work, we address the problem of identifying the parameters of an aggregated elemental model representing a housing unit with an A/C system. The identification is done to validate the model using a pilot house with an air conditioner system. An online maximum-likelihood based identification algorithm is developed for A/C, the required hardware and system instrumentation is detailed. A sensitivity analysis study of the model for variations in humidity and solar radiation is also reported.