Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Effects of Green Trust and Perceived Behavioral Control on the Direct Determinants of Intention to Purchase Green Products in Nigeria

Global awareness towards the environment and green marketing in recent years is yet to promote Nigerians predisposition towards green practices. Being faced with environmental degradation in all facets, there is the need to spur green consciousness and pro-environmental behavioral intentions among the Nigerian populaces. Therefore this study examines the determinants of green purchase intention (green availability, green perceived value, green perceived knowledge) and secondly, to test the extent of mediating effects of green trust and perceived behavioral control on the determinants earlier mentioned. This survey uses quantitative method of research; data was collected through personal administration of questionnaires to lecturers in three universities in Nigerian. 750 questionnaires were distributed and 502 datasets were returned representing 68% response rate. 440 datasets were left for further analysis after deletion of multivariate outliers; Structural Equation Modeling is used to analyze data . The findings indicate that out of the eleven direct hypotheses, seven were found to be significant while four were not supported. Similarly, six mediation effects were proposed, the result shows five paths were mediated with two being full mediation and three partial. In conclusion, knowledge of green products, perceived behavioral control and availability of green products will heighten green purchase intention. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n4p256
Mental retardation associated with "balanced" chromosome rearrangements.

Balanced chromosome rearrangements were found in seven of 455 retarded children vs. four of 1,679 nonretarded, psychiatric children (P less than .05). The combined incidence of non-Robertsonian balanced rearrangements from this and reported surveys of the mentally retarded was five times greater than that from newborn surveys, whereas Robertsonian translocations were not increased among the retarded. The combined data show an increase in de novo rather than familial rearrangements among the retarded; the increase in de novo rearrangements is specifically for non-Robertsonian translocation.
‘It has given me tools to meet patients’ needs’: students’ experiences of learning caring science in reflection seminars

This qualitative study aims to describe nursing students’ experiences of learning caring science by using reflection seminars as a didactic model. A reflective lifeworld research approach according to Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy was used. Findings suggest that reflective seminars increased understanding of caring science, other people and one’s self. Moreover, substance-oriented reflection and lifeworld perspectives provided a good learning environment. Learning prerequisites were found to be openness, honesty, respect, trust, security, justice, parity and shared responsibilities along with having a common platform and a clear framework. These findings highlight conditions for a culture conducive to learning and for gaining embodied knowledge, but also present concerns regarding the difficulty and importance of establishing a good learning environment. A need to create meaningfulness, establish caring as conscious, reflective acts and show the value in personal differences were also found. These findings offer an important perspective necessary for preparing nurses to perform good quality care.
The clinical significance of preoperative serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in colorectal cancer

Purpose Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) are the most frequently used tumor markers in the clinical setting of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between preoperative serum levels of CA 19-9 (pre-CA 19-9) and the clinicopathologic factors of patients with CRC. Methods A study was performed on 333 patients with histologically diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma between December 2008 and November 2011, based on prospective collected data. The clinical data such as age, sex, location of tumor, size of tumor, differentiation, depth of tumor (T), lymph node metastasis (N), distant metastasis (M), lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, perineural invasion, stage, and preoperative serum levels of CEA (pre-CEA) and pre-CA 19-9 were obtained. These patients were classified into two groups according to pre-CA 19-9 (CA 19-9 high: >39 U/mL, n = 61 [18.3%]; CA 19-9 normal: <39 U/mL, n = 272 [81.7%]). Results Sixty-one patients among 333 patients (18.3%) with CRC showed a high pre-CA 19-9. The elevation of pre-CA 19-9 was significantly associated with size of tumor (4.8 ± 0.1 cm vs. 6.1 ± 0.3 cm, P < 0.001), right colon cancer (P < 0.001), depth of tumor (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P < 0.001), perineural invasion (P = 0.008), peritoneal seeding (P < 0.001), and stage (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, high pre-CA 19-9 was shown to be independently associated with high pre-CEA, lymph node metastasis, right colon cancer, large tumor size, and peritoneal seeding. There were twelve patients confirmed for peritoneal seeding among 333 patients (3.6%). Conclusion High pre-CA 19-9 in advanced colorectal cancer might provide important information to predict the possibility of peritoneal seeding.
BLIND SEPARATION OF AUTO-CORRELATED IMAGES FROM NOISY MIXTURES USING MRF MODELS

This paper deals with the blind separation and reconstruction of source images from mixtures with unknowncoefficients, in presence of noise. We address the blind source separation problem within the ICA approach, i.e. assuming the statistical independence of the sources, and reformulate it in a Bayesian estimation framework. In this way, the flexibility of the Bayesian formulation in accounting for prior knowledge can be exploited to describe correlation within the individual source images, through the use of suitable Gibbs priors. We propose a MAP estimation method and derive a general algorithm for recovering both the mixing matrix and the sources, based on alternating maximization within a simulated annealing scheme. We experimented with this scheme on both synthetic and real images, and found that a source model accounting for correlation is able to increase robustness against noise.
A cognition paradigm clash: Simon, situated cognition and the interpretation of bounded rationality

Simon’s notion of bounded rationality is deeply intertwined with his activity as a cognitive psychologist and founder of so-called cognitivism, a mainstream approach in cognitive psychology until the 1980s. Cognitivism, understood as ‘symbolic information processing,’ provided the first cognitive psychology foundation to bounded rationality. Has bounded rationality since then fully followed the development of cognitive psychology beyond symbolic information processing in the post-Simonian era? To answer this question, this paper focuses on Simon’s opposition during the 1990s to a new (paradigmatic) view of cognition called situated cognition, which has since put into question the entire view in cognitive psychology of humans as symbolic information processors. This paper then reads the cognitivism/situated cognition debate through the lens of current bounded rationality research in economics, in order (i) to inquire into whether it has tackled the issues in that controversy; (ii) to envisage possible new foundations for a cognitive psychology-based bounded rationality.
Spatial coherence of random laser emission

Lasing action in disordered media has been studied extensively in recent years and many of its properties are well understood. However, few studies have considered the spatial coherence in these systems, despite initial observations indicating that random lasers exhibit much lower spatial coherence than conventional lasers. We performed a systematic, experimental investigation of the spatial coherence of random laser emission as a function of the scattering mean free path and the excitation volume. Lasing was achieved under optical excitation and spatial coherence was characterized by imaging the emission spot onto a Young's double slit and collecting the interference fringes in the far field. We observed dramatic differences in the spatial coherence within our parameter space. Specifically, we found that samples with a shorter mean free path relative to the excitation volume exhibited reduced spatial coherence. We provide a qualitative explanation of our experimental observations in terms of the number of excited modes and their spatial orientation. This work provides a means to realize intense, spatially incoherent laser emission for applications in which speckle or spatial cross talk limits performance.
Hypervolume approximation using achievement scalarizing functions for evolutionary many-objective optimization

This paper proposes an idea of approximating the hypervolume of a non-dominated solution set using a number of achievement scalarizing functions with uniformly distributed weight vectors. Each achievement scalarizing function with a different weight vector is used to measure the distance from the reference point of the hypervolume to the attainment surface of the non-dominated solution set along its own search direction specified by its weight vector. Our idea is to approximate the hypervolume by the average distance from the reference point to the attainment surface over a large number of uniformly distributed weight vectors (i.e., over various search directions). We examine the effect of the number of weight vectors (i.e., the number of search directions) on the approximation accuracy and the computation time of the proposed approach. As expected, experimental results show that the approximation accuracy is improved by increasing the number of weight vectors. It is also shown that the proposed approach needs much less computation time than the exact hypervolume calculation for a six-objective knapsack problem even when we use about 100,000 weight vectors.
THE LOW-LUMINOSITY END OF THE RADIUS–LUMINOSITY RELATIONSHIP FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We present an updated and revised analysis of the relationship between the Hβ broad-line region (BLR) radius and the luminosity of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Specifically, we have carried out two-dimensional surface brightness decompositions of the host galaxies of nine new AGNs imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3. The surface brightness decompositions allow us to create “AGN-free” images of the galaxies, from which we measure the starlight contribution to the optical luminosity measured through the ground-based spectroscopic aperture. We also incorporate 20 new reverberation-mapping measurements of the Hβ time lag, which is assumed to yield the average Hβ BLR radius. The final sample includes 41 AGNs covering four orders of magnitude in luminosity. The additions and updates incorporated here primarily affect the low-luminosity end of the RBLR–L relationship. The best fit to the relationship using a Bayesian analysis finds a slope of , consistent with previous work and with simple photoionization arguments. Only two AGNs appear to be outliers from the relationship, but both of them have monitoring light curves that raise doubt regarding the accuracy of their reported time lags. The scatter around the relationship is found to be 0.19 ± 0.02 dex, but would be decreased to 0.13 dex by the removal of these two suspect measurements. A large fraction of the remaining scatter in the relationship is likely due to the inaccurate distances to the AGN host galaxies. Our results help support the possibility that the RBLR–L relationship could potentially be used to turn the BLRs of AGNs into standardizable candles. This would allow the cosmological expansion of the universe to be probed by a separate population of objects, and over a larger range of redshifts.
“Am not was”: Cognitive-behavioural therapy for adjustment and identity change following herpes simplex encephalitis

The cognitive sequelae of encephalitis are well documented, and it is increasingly recognised that disorders of mood and anxiety can accompany these sequelae. Loss of identity is emerging as a key theme in psychotherapeutic interventions in adjustment following acquired brain injury (ABI). Cognitive-behavioural therapy can be applied to construct a new model of the self in the context of behavioural, cognitive and social sequelae of the ABI, with consideration of pre-illness identity. Behavioural experiments, in particular, may be an effective means of redefining the meaning of current situations to create a positive sense of self. In the current paper we describe the therapeutic intervention to address anxiety and changes in identity in a woman recovering from herpes simplex viral encephalitis. The intervention highlights the need to take into account the interplay between cognitive changes, such as memory and executive function, with emotion in adjustment following herpes simplex viral encephalitis.
Plasticity of human skeletal muscle with special reference to effects of physical training on enzyme levels of the NADH shuttles and phenotypic expression of slow and fast myofibrillar proteins.

The adaptation of human skeletal muscle to endurance training and detraining has been investigated. The following variables were monitored: phenotypic expression of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar ATPase, as well as contractile and regulatory proteins, capillary supply and fibre areas, levels of enzymes in the main metabolic pathways and the NADH shuttles. For the latter purpose, several methodological surveys were undertaken. The main findings and conclusions are: Endurance training can induce a transformation of type II (fast-twitch) fibres into myofibrillar ATPase intermediate fibres (IM fibres: types IIC, IIC-IB and IB). Using immunohistochemical techniques, a co-existence of slow and fast isoforms of whole myosin, myosin heavy chains, and myosin lights chains as well as troponin C, T and I components, was demonstrated in the training-induced IM fibres. Furthermore, a co-existence of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar ATPase in the IM fibres, can be anticipated from the stainings for myofibrillar ATPase. No neonatal myosin heavy chains could be detected in any of the trained muscle fibres. The IM fibres were intermediate between type I (slow-twitch) and type II also with regard to morphological and metabolic characteristics. Along with other lines of evidence, the occurrence of IM fibres in conjunction with endurance training demonstrates that transformation of fibre type II to type I can occur in response to endurance training. On the basis of findings of a decreased spread of fibre areas among individuals in connection with extensive endurance training, it is suggested that fibre sizes are determined by two conflicting demands: good diffusion conditions and high force development. The existence of a mechanism that can elicit decreases in fibre size, despite extensive use of the fibres, is suggested. The magnitude by which levels of oxidative enzymes and capillary supply are enhanced by endurance training is dependent on both the exercise intensity and the duration. However, if the intensity is below a certain critical point, its inefficiency in stimulating to adaptive changes can not be compensated for by even a very long duration of exercise. The patterns of training-induced increases in CS, MDH and HAD indicate that the levels of these enzymes can be regulated independently. It appears possible that the levels of the malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes can vary in relation to citric acid cycle enzymes depending on the extent to which oxidation of fatty acids contributes to the metabolism. Detraining results in rather rapidly regressing levels of oxidative enzymes and capillary supply. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Online Customer Experience: A Review of the Business-to-Consumer Online Purchase Context

Customer interactions with an organization's website create opportunities for positive experiences that can lead to long-term relationship building. The range of potential interactions is now quite diverse, including product information search, purchase transaction and/or service delivery. The domain of customer experience (CE) is well developed in the face-to-face context, but little attention has been paid to exploring the concept in the online context. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the online consumer literature in order to inform understanding of the antecedents and consequences of online customer experience (OCE) in the purchase context. The paper offers four important contributions for both academics and practitioners. First, it adds to understanding of OCE in the purchase context and, second, specifically recognizes and discusses the antecedents of OCE by drawing on existing literature relating to online consumer purchase. Third, it proposes the potential consequences of OCE and provides a framework for future testing. Finally, the paper addresses a problem of relevance to both academics and practitioners, and proposes future research and managerial implications.
Equilibrium at the edge and atomistic mechanisms of graphene growth

The morphology of graphene is crucial for its applications, yet an adequate theory of its growth is lacking: It is either simplified to a phenomenological-continuum level or is overly detailed in atomistic simulations, which are often intractable. Here we put forward a comprehensive picture dubbed nanoreactor, which draws from ideas of step-flow crystal growth augmented by detailed first-principles calculations. As the carbon atoms migrate from the feedstock to catalyst to final graphene lattice, they go through a sequence of states whose energy levels can be computed and arranged into a step-by-step map. Analysis begins with the structure and energies of arbitrary edges to yield equilibrium island shapes. Then, it elucidates how the atoms dock at the edges and how they avoid forming defects. The sequence of atomic row assembly determines the kinetic anisotropy of growth, and consequently, graphene island morphology, explaining a number of experimental facts and suggesting how the growth product can further be improved. Finally, this analysis adds a useful perspective on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and its essential distinction from graphene.
TCP Throughput Analysis with Variable Packet Loss Probability for Improving Fairness among Long / Short-lived TCP Connections

Short-lived TCP connections, which send small documents, suffer from significant low throughput compared with long-lived TCP connections, which transmit large documents. It is because of an inherent nature of the ACK-based window flow control of TCP. In this paper, we focus on the unfairness problem of TCP connections transmitting differently sized documents. To improve the fairness, it is necessary to treat packets from short-lived TCP connections preferentially over those from long-lived TCP connections. For realizing it, we first introduce a new analysis approach to estimate the throughput of TCP connections when the packet loss probability of each transmitted packet from the same connection is different. Our analysis can give a better estimation of the TCP throughput than the existing analysises. Using the analysis results, we propose a new algorithm to improve the fairness, and investigate its effectiveness through simulation experiments. We show that our proposed algorithm can improve the fairness without degradation of the network utilization.
An Analysis of the Cultural Phenomena in English and Its Translation

Translation mostly takes place between languages. As we know, there are intimate relations between languages and culture. Language and culture, like content and form, live upon and affect each other. As a cross—cultural event, translation is influenced largely by the culture in the source language. So it is vital to analysis the culture in the original language before we set about translating. The essential points this paper treats are analysis of the cultural phenomena in English. This paper also means to stimulate more concentration on the approaches to deal with the cultural phenomena in translating. Further, this paper points out several problems commonly seen in dealing with the cultural phenomena.
Long-wavelength In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As large-area avalanche photodiodes and arrays

Large-area (500-/spl mu/m diameter) mesa-structure In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are reported. The dark current density was /spl sim/2.5/spl times/10/sup -2/ nA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ at 90% of breakdown; low surface leakage current density (/spl sim/4.2 pA//spl mu/m) was achieved with wet chemical etching and SiO/sub 2/ passivation. An 18 /spl times/ 18 APD array with uniform distributions of breakdown voltage, dark current, and multiplication gain has also been demonstrated. The APDs in the array achieved 3-dB bandwidth of /spl sim/8 GHz at low gain and a gain-bandwidth product of /spl sim/120 GHz.
The three-dimensional structure of the cytostome-cytopharynx complex of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes

ABSTRACT The cytostome-cytopharynx complex is the main site of endocytosis of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Little is known about the detailed morphology of this remarkable structure. We used serial electron tomography and focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct the entire complex, including the surrounding cytoskeleton and vesicles. Focusing on cells that had taken up gold-labeled tracers, we produced three-dimensional snapshots of the process of endocytosis. The cytostome cytoskeleton was composed of two microtubule sets – a triplet that started underneath the cytostome membrane, and a quartet that originated underneath the flagellar-pocket membrane and followed the preoral ridge before reaching the cytopharynx. The two sets accompanying the cytopharynx formed a ‘gutter’ and left a microtubule-free side, where vesicles were found to be associated. Cargo was unevenly distributed along the lumen of the cytopharynx, forming clusters. The cytopharynx was slightly longer during the G2 phase of the cell cycle, although it did not reach the postnuclear region owing to a bend in its path. Therefore, the cytopharynx is a dynamic structure, undergoing remodeling that is likely associated with endocytic activity and the preparation for cell division.
ATP Hydrolysis in Eg5 Kinesin Involves a Catalytic Two-water Mechanism*♦

Motor proteins couple steps in ATP binding and hydrolysis to conformational switching both in and remote from the active site. In our kinesin·AMPPPNP crystal structure, closure of the active site results in structural transformations appropriate for microtubule binding and organizes an orthosteric two-water cluster. We conclude that a proton is shared between the lytic water, positioned for γ-phosphate attack, and a second water that serves as a general base. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental detection of the catalytic base for any ATPase. Deprotonation of the second water by switch residues likely triggers subsequent large scale structural rearrangements. Therefore, the catalytic base is responsible for initiating nucleophilic attack of ATP and for relaying the positive charge over long distances to initiate mechanotransduction. Coordination of switch movements via sequential proton transfer along paired water clusters may be universal for nucleotide triphosphatases with conserved active sites, such as myosins and G-proteins.