Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associative Recognition Memory for Faces: More Pronounced Age-Related Impairments in Binding Intra- than Inter-Item Associations

Performance in recognition memory for associations between arbitrarily paired items is substantially disrupted in old age. The present study examined whether older adults show more or less of a deficit when the to-be-associated items can be ‘unitized’ into a single representation during encoding. Results revealed that older adults are disproportionately impaired in their memory for unitizable face-pairs, suggesting substantial age deficits in unitization processes required for the formation of associations between highly overlapping stimuli. Potential compensatory mechanisms are discussed that may account for these preliminary results of a selective age deficit in the encoding or retrieval of intra-item associations.
Ecologies of Grace: Environmental Ethics and Christian Theology

Only recently have theologians begun to think and write about the ecological crisis in a focused manner. It is clear, however, that people of faith must come to grips with that crisis and find a way of thinking about it in the context of their beliefs. In this book, Willis Jenkins offers an introduction to Christian environemntal ethics. Following observations of lived environmental theologies, he argues that they often draw on concepts and metaphors of grace, thus placing environmental issues within Christian experiences of salvation. Jenkins therefore surveys major strategies of Christian environmental ethics by mapping them onto major traditions of grace and uses this new map to explore afresh the ecological dimensions of three distinctive theologies of grace.
Who Owns Implicit Attitudes? Testing a Metacognitive Perspective

Metacognitive inferences about ownership for one’s implicit attitudes have the power to turn implicit bias into explicit prejudice. In Study 1, participants were assigned to construe their implicit attitudes toward gay men as belonging to themselves (owned) or as unrelated to the self (disowned). Construing one’s implicit responses as owned led to greater implicit-explicit attitude correspondence. In Study 2, we measured ownership for implicit attitudes as well as self-esteem. We predicted that ownership inferences would dictate explicit attitudes to the degree that people had positive views of the self. Indeed, higher ownership for implicit bias was associated with greater implicit-explicit attitude correspondence, and this effect was driven by participants high in self-esteem. Finally, in Study 3, we manipulated inferences of ownership and measured self-esteem. Metacognitions of ownership affected implicit-explicit attitude correspondence but only among those with relatively high self-esteem. We conclude that subjective inferences about implicit bias affect explicit prejudice.
Equine Behavior: A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists

Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Perception 3. Behavior and the brain 4. Learning 5. Social behavior 6. Communication 7. Locomotory behavior 8. Ingestive behavior 9. Eliminative behavior 10. Body care 11. Behavior of the stallion 12. Behavior of the mare 13. Equitation Science 14. Handling and transport 15. Miscellaneous unwelcome behaviors, their causes and resolution Further reading Glossary of colloquialisms, ethological and equestrian terms
Long‐Term Effects of Gestures on Memory for Foreign Language Words Trained in the Classroom

Language and gesture are viewed as highly interdependent systems. Besides supporting communication, gestures also have an impact on memory for verbal information compared to pure verbal encoding in native but also in foreign language learning. This article presents a within-subject longitudinal study lasting 14 months that tested the use of gestures in the classroom, with the experimenter presenting the items to be acquired. Participants learned 36 words distributed across two training conditions: In the audio-visual condition subjects read, heard, and spoke the words; in the gestural condition subjects additionally accompanied the words with symbolic gestures. Memory performance was assessed through cued native-to-foreign translation tests at five time points. The results show that gestures significantly enhance vocabulary learning in quantity and over time. The findings are discussed in terms of Klimesch's connectivity model (CM) of information processing. Thereafter, a code, a word, is better integrated into long-term memory if it is deep, that is, if it is comprised of many interconnected components.
What Affects Asthma Medicine Use in Children? Australian Asthma Educator Perspectives

The global burden of childhood asthma is significant. Health care systems are faced with increasing financial costs, while children with asthma and their caretakers are faced with poorer physical health, emotional health, and quality of life. Despite the availability of effective treatment, the quality use of asthma medicines in children remains suboptimal. An investigation was conducted to explore issues related to children's asthma medicine usage from the perspective of the health care professional. Although current literature has elicited the views of caretakers and children, the health care professional viewpoint has been relatively unexplored. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 21 Australian asthma educators. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and transcripts were thematically analyzed with the assistance of NVivo 7. Emergent themes associated with health care professionals, parents, medicines, children, and educational resources were found. Major issues included a lack of information provided to parents, poor parental understanding of medicines, the high cost of medicines and devices, child self-image, the need for more child responsibility over asthma management, and the lack of standardization, access to, and funding for educational resources on childhood asthma. There are multitudes of key issues that may affect asthma medicines usage in children. This research will help inform the development of educational tools on the use of medicines in childhood asthma that can be evaluated for their effectiveness in getting key messages to target audiences such as children, caretakers, and teachers.
Learning to talk: Preliminary rulings, the courts of the new Member States and the Court of Justice

This article captures some of the first experience of the courts of the new Member States as well as of the Court of Justice, in their “conversations” following the 2004 enlargement. In the first part, it offers an overview of selected requests for a preliminary ruling made by the courts of the new Member States. The second part focuses on the often hidden practice before the courts of the new Member States and discusses some of the cases which “never made it” to the Luxembourg Court. In the third and final part, the attention is turned to the Community level and the impact the enlargement and the (so far) few preliminary references from the new Member States have had on the Court itself.The use of the CILFIT criteria in preliminary rulings, and the attitude of constitutional courts is considered.
Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha, is an established treatment for Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis. METHODS Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies--the Active Ulcerative Colitis Trials 1 and 2 (ACT 1 and ACT 2, respectively)--evaluated the efficacy of infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis. In each study, 364 patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis despite treatment with concurrent medications received placebo or infliximab (5 mg or 10 mg per kilogram of body weight) intravenously at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every eight weeks through week 46 (in ACT 1) or week 22 (in ACT 2). Patients were followed for 54 weeks in ACT 1 and 30 weeks in ACT 2. RESULTS In ACT 1, 69 percent of patients who received 5 mg of infliximab and 61 percent of those who received 10 mg had a clinical response at week 8, as compared with 37 percent of those who received placebo (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). A response was defined as a decrease in the Mayo score of at least 3 points and at least 30 percent, with an accompanying decrease in the subscore for rectal bleeding of at least 1 point or an absolute rectal-bleeding subscore of 0 or 1. In ACT 2, 64 percent of patients who received 5 mg of infliximab and 69 percent of those who received 10 mg had a clinical response at week 8, as compared with 29 percent of those who received placebo (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). In both studies, patients who received infliximab were more likely to have a clinical response at week 30 (P< or =0.002 for all comparisons). In ACT 1, more patients who received 5 mg or 10 mg of infliximab had a clinical response at week 54 (45 percent and 44 percent, respectively) than did those who received placebo (20 percent, P<0.001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every eight weeks thereafter were more likely to have a clinical response at weeks 8, 30, and 54 than were those receiving placebo. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00036439 and NCT00096655.)
Baseline evaluation: an empirical study of the performance of machine learning algorithms in short snippet sentiment analysis

At present, the sentiment analysis task is a relatively recent research field which has led to many inconsistent findings in literature. The debate is two-fold: what is the best performing baseline classifier and what is the most useful feature weighting method e.g., term presence (TP), term frequency (TF), TF-IDF etc., which can be used to improve a classifier's performance. Naïve Bayes, with its variations and Support Vector Machine are a commonly used baseline in the sentiment analysis task. However, their reported performance varies among researchers and has led to a divergence as to which is the best baseline classifier that can be used in the sentiment analysis task. In order to shed some light on this controversy, we have conducted a series of widely comparative experiments (including twelve various domains) to evaluate the performance of various machine learning classifiers (Naïve Bayes with its variations, Support Vector Machine and J48 - an implementation of decision tree-based learning -) in the sentiment analysis task. The experimental results indicate that the Binarized Multinomial Naïve Bayes (BMNB) classifier exhibits the best performance in a short snippet sentiment analysis task. Furthermore, the classification performance, using feature selection methods, namely the information gain method (IG), has been significantly improved.
Have I become what I beheld? Identity enactments as the hidden Other in a Virtual World

My study explores the enactments of adolescents who took on an avatar depicting a member of a marginalised group or a hidden Other in a three-dimensional virtual environment known as Second Life. I chose to examine people with disabilities as a case of the hidden Other in acknowledgement of extant social realities in the Singapore context where people with disabilities tend to be marginalised. I discover how my able-bodied participants’ enactments reflect various ways in which they identified or did not identify with the hidden Other within their discourse; I analyse the processes by which people are alienated and integrated, I investigate shifts in identification using an identification framework I developed and I trace individual trajectories of group affiliations. I also examine the affordances and limitations of Virtual Worlds for facilitating vicarious living experiences and the role of critical literacy and dramatic techniques in affording agency in identifications. I draw evidence primarily from video recordings of the role-plays within Second Life which I supplement with evidence from semi-structured interviews and various written artefacts. I present my findings largely in the form of case studies to shed light on discursive processes, moves and trajectories in relation to representation, power and affiliations. I evaluate my curricular interventions and analytical approaches and discuss their implications for future research.
Why Kids Kill Parents: Child Abuse and Adolescent Homicide

Foreword - Hans Toch PART ONE: PARRICIDE: FACTS AND ISSUES The Phenomenon of Parricide Child Maltreatment and Parricide Which Youths Kill Youths at Risk Legal and Psychological Issues PART TWO: CASE STUDIES Assessment and Its Implications Peter Jones Scott Anders Patty Smith PART THREE: IMPLICATIONS, PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Intervention after the Tragedy - with Don McCann and Eldra Solomon Society's Role
Supramodal Enhancement of Auditory Perceptual and Cognitive Learning by Video Game Playing

Medical rehabilitation involving behavioral training can produce highly successful outcomes, but those successes are obtained at the cost of long periods of often tedious training, reducing compliance. By contrast, arcade-style video games can be entertaining and highly motivating. We examine here the impact of video game play on contiguous perceptual training. We alternated several periods of auditory pure-tone frequency discrimination (FD) with the popular spatial visual-motor game Tetris played in silence. Tetris play alone did not produce any auditory or cognitive benefits. However, when alternated with FD training it enhanced learning of FD and auditory working memory. The learning-enhancing effects of Tetris play cannot be explained simply by the visual-spatial training involved, as the effects were gone when Tetris play was replaced with another visual-spatial task using Tetris-like stimuli but not incorporated into a game environment. The results indicate that game play enhances learning and transfer of the contiguous auditory experiences, pointing to a promising approach for increasing the efficiency and applicability of rehabilitative training.
Pulsational Analysis of the Cores of Massive Stars and Its Relevance to Pulsar Kicks

The mechanism responsible for the natal kicks of neutron stars continues to be a challenging problem. Indeed, many mechanisms have been suggested, and one hydrodynamic mechanism may require large initial asymmetries in the cores of supernova progenitor stars. Goldreich and coworkers suggested that unstable g-modes trapped in the iron (Fe) core by the convective burning layers and excited by the ϵ-mechanism may provide the requisite asymmetries. We perform a modal analysis of the last minutes before collapse of published core structures and derive eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions, including the nonadiabatic effects of growth by nuclear burning and decay by both neutrino and acoustic losses. In general, we find two types of g-modes: inner core g-modes, which are stabilized by neutrino losses, and outer core g-modes, which are trapped near the burning shells and can be unstable. Without exception, we find at least one unstable g-mode for each progenitor in the entire mass range we consider, 11-40 M☉. More importantly, we find that the timescales for growth and decay are an order of magnitude or more longer than the time until the commencement of core collapse. We conclude that the ϵ-mechanism may not have enough time to significantly amplify core g-modes prior to collapse.
Two new steroidal glycosides isolated from the aerial part of Solanum torvum Swartz

One novel C-22 steroidal lactone saponin, namely solanolactoside C (1), and one new spirostanol glycoside, namely torvoside Q (2), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Solanum torvum Swartz. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by extensive NMR experiments including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY and HRESIMS to be solanolide 6-O-β-d-quinovopyranoside and neochlorogenin 6-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranoside], respectively.
Glucocorticoids modulate the in vitro development of the embryonic rat pancreas

The effect of the glucocorticoid analogue, dexamethasone, on the development of the embryonic pancreas was studied in tissue culture. It specifically enhances the accumulation of exocrine enzymes without altering the level of general cell proteins. The enhancement, however, is not symmetrical: the cellular levels of the two major exocrine products, amylase and chymotrypsinogen, are increased about 10- and 2- fold, respectively. Two other zymogens that are present in minor quantities, procarboxypeptidases A and B, are also increased, whereas no effect is seen on lipase A. Coordinate with these effects on synthesis, there is a dramatic change in the morphology of dexamethasone-stimulated acinar cells. Their number of zymogen granules is higher and crystalline arrays are found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Dexamethasone also inhibits cell replication, perhaps by selectively inhibiting the last cell divisions of the culture period. At the same time, there is a disproportionate reduction in the insulin content of cultured rudiments. We find that pancreatic development is normal in the absence of dexamethasone and that this glucocorticoid does not precociously induce the appearance of the specific secretory products, but rather enhances by a constant degree their synthesis and accumulation. Therefore, we conclude that glucocorticoids may play a modulatory but not an inductive role in pancreatic development.
The Evolution of the Galaxy Cluster Luminosity-Temperature Relation

We analyzed the luminosity-temperature (L-T) relation for two samples of galaxy clusters that have been observed by the ASCA satellite. We used 32 high-redshift clusters (0.3 < z < 0.6), 53 low-redshift clusters (z < 0.3), and also the combination of the low- and high-redshift data sets. This is one of two surveys to use only ASCA data and has the largest number of high-redshift clusters. We assumed a power-law relation between the bolometric luminosity of the galaxy cluster and its integrated temperature (uncorrected for cooling flows) and redshift [Lbol, 44 = CTα(1 + z)A]. We found that for an ΩM = 1.0, ΩΛ = 0.0 universe, A = 1.134 ± 1.66, α = 2.815 ± 0.42, and log C = -1.167 ± 0.25, and for an ΩM = 0.3, ΩΛ = 0.7 universe, A = 2.052 ± 1.63, α = 2.822 ± 0.43, and log C = -1.126 ± 0.26 (all errors at 68% confidence for one and two interesting parameters). We found the dispersion at constant kT in this relation to be Δ log L = 0.282 for ΩM = 1.0, ΩΛ = 0.0, and Δ log L = 0.283 for ΩM = 0.3, ΩΛ = 0.7. The results for the combined data set and those found using the low- and high-redshift clusters are consistent and independent of cosmology, with previous estimates of L ∼ T3 found by other authors. The observed weak or zero evolution agrees with the predictions of models that produce L ∼ T3 incorporating an initial source of nongravitational energy before cluster collapse.
Children and Their Changing Media Environment : A European Comparative Study

Contents: Preface. Foreword. Part I: Researching Young People and the Changing Media Environment. S. Livingstone, L. d'Haenens, U. Hasebrink, Childhood in Europe: Contexts for Comparison. S. Livingstone, D. Lemish, Doing Comparative Research With Children and Young People. Part II: A Time and Place for New Media. L. d'Haenens, Old and New Media: Access and Ownership in the Home. J.W. J. Beentjes, C.M. Koolstra, N. Marseille, T.H. A. van der Voort, Children's Use of Different Media: For How Long and Why? U. Johnsson-Smaragdi, Media Use Styles Among the Young. C. Garitaonandia, P. Juaristi, J.A. Oleaga, Media Genres and Content Preferences. Part III: Contexts of Youth and Childhood. D. Pasquier, Media at Home: Domestic Interactions and Regulation. M. Bovill, S. Livingstone, Bedroom Culture and the Privatization of Media Use. A. Suoninen, The Role of Media in Peer Group Relations. D. Suss, Computers and the Internet in School: Closing the Knowledge Gap? Part IV: Emerging Themes. F. Krotz, U. Hasebrink, Who Are the New Media Users? D. Lemish, T. Liebes, V. Seidmann, Gendered Media Meanings and Uses. K. Drotner, Global Media Through Youthful Eyes. S. Livingstone, Children and Their Changing Media Environment. Appendices: Country Abbreviations. Participating Institutions and Research Teams. Measurement of Time Use.
The effect of team learning on student profile and student performance in accounting education

The first objective of this study is to investigate students’ preferences for learning methods in relation to their learning strategy, motivation, gender, and ability. Two learning methods are considered: team learning and lecture-based learning. The second objective is to explore the effectiveness of the chosen learning method by comparing academic achievement between the lecture-based and team-learning groups. A quasi-experiment was administered, consisting of an untreated control group with a pre-test and a post-test, for a first-year undergraduate accounting class. Students choose one of the two learning paths and subsequently follow their chosen learning path. The results show that female students had a higher preference for team learning than male students. Furthermore, team-learning students were more intrinsically motivated, had a lower ability level, and had less control of their learning beliefs, but they were more willing to share their knowledge with peers. The teamlearning approach also resulted in increased performance in an advanced accounting course while controlling for the differences in gender and ability. This beneficial impact of team learning on performance was not found for other courses, leading to the conclusion that team learning offers an appropriate learning method at the university level for a first-year accounting course.
Evaluation of the analytical and clinical performance of the Elecsys CA 15-3 immunoassay.

Although the sensitivity and specificity of CA 15-3 in primary diagnosis of breast cancer is limited, CA 15-3 measurement has found widespread use in monitoring disease progression and response to therapy [reviewed in Ref. (1)]. A new assay for determination of CA 15-3 on Elecsys® immunoanalyzers has been introduced by Roche Diagnostics GmbH. The analytical performance of this assay was tested in an international multicenter evaluation in 11 evaluation sites, and the clinical performance was judged in 4 of these laboratories. The results are described in this report. Elecsys CA 15-3 is a sandwich immunoassay that uses biotinylated 115D8 and ruthenylated DF3 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, and electrochemiluminescence as the detection technology. Details of the test principle have been described previously (2). The test is standardized against the Enzymun-Test CA 15-3 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH) in the laboratories of the manufacturer. The analytical evaluation was carried out according to a standardized protocol of the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (3). The results of within-run imprecision (21 replicates per analysis) and between-day imprecision (1 replicate analyzed on 21 different days) studies are available as a data supplement at Clinical Chemistry Online (http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol47/issue12). The medians of the within-run and between-day CVs were 2.5–3.8% and 5.0–5.9%, respectively, at all concentrations tested (8.4–251.7 kilounits/L) for human sera and control sera. Confirmation of target values assigned to control sera was tested in an interlaboratory survey and was 97% for PreciControl Tumor Marker Level 1 (18.4 kilounits/L) and 96% for Level 2 (58.6 kilounits/L). The medians of all participants of an interlaboratory survey of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry were confirmed for each of the two control samples used (11.8 and 16.8 kilounits/L) by 99% (on the basis of the medians of all participants in the Elecsys study); thereby demonstrating the excellent agreement …