Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised Learning with Unsupervised Output Separation

In supervised learning approaches, the output labels are imposed by the knowledge engineer who prepared the data. While knowing the labels of a data set is quite useful, in cases where data points belonging to very different data distributions are agglomerated in the same class, a learning algorithm can have difficulties modeling these classes accurately. In such cases, it should be useful to separate the main classes into a number of more homogeneous subclasses. This paper assumes that the above problem is quite common and describes a simple combination method that attempts to fix it. It then tests the approach on 5 domains taken from the UCI Repository. The results show that in three out of five cases, the approach has a positive effect, in one case, it breaks even and in the fifth case, it degrades the previously established performance.
mRNA expression of diacylglycerol kinase isoforms in insulin-sensitive tissues: effects of obesity and insulin resistance

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isoforms regulate signal transduction and lipid metabolism. DGKδ deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, peripheral insulin resistance, and metabolic inflexibility. Thus, dysregulation of other DGK isoforms may play a role in metabolic dysfunction. We investigated DGK isoform mRNA expression in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle, liver as well as subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice and obese and insulin‐resistant ob/ob mice. All DGK isoforms, except for DGKκ, were detectable, although with varying mRNA expression. Liver DGK expression was generally lowest, with several isoforms undetectable. In soleus muscle, subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissue, DGKδ was the most abundant isoform. In EDL muscle, DGKα and DGKζ were the most abundant isoforms. In liver, DGKζ was the most abundant isoform. Comparing obese insulin‐resistant ob/ob mice to lean C57BL/6J mice, DGKβ, DGKι, and DGKθ were increased and DGKε expression was decreased in EDL muscle, while DGKβ, DGKη and DGKθ were decreased and DGKδ and DGKι were increased in soleus muscle. In liver, DGKδ and DGKζ expression was increased in ob/ob mice. DGKη was increased in subcutaneous fat, while DGKζ was increased and DGKβ, DGKδ, DGKη and DGKε were decreased in epididymal fat from ob/ob mice. In both adipose tissue depots, DGKα and DGKγ were decreased and DGKι was increased in ob/ob mice. In conclusion, DGK mRNA expression is altered in an isoform‐ and tissue‐dependent manner in obese insulin‐resistant ob/ob mice. DGK isoforms likely have divergent functional roles in distinct tissues, which may contribute to metabolic dysfunction.
Random generation of unary finite automata over the domain of the regular languages

The random generation of finite automata over the domain of their graph structures is a wellknown problem. However, random generation of finite automata over the domain of the regular languages has not been studied in such detail. Random generation algorithms designed for this domain would be useful for the investigation of the properties of the regular languages associated with the finite automata. We studied the existing enumerations and algorithms to randomly generate UDFAs and binary DFAs as they pertained to the domain of the regular languages. We evaluated the algorithms experimentally across the domain of the regular languages for small values of n and found the distributions non-uniform. Therefore, for UDFAs, we derived an algorithm for the random generation of UDFAs over the domain of the regular languages from Domaratzki et. al.’s [9] enumeration of the domain of the regular languages. Furthermore, for binary DFAs, we concluded that for large values of n, the bijection method is a viable means of randomly generating binary DFAs over the domain of the regular langagues. We looked at all the random generation of union-UNFAs and ⊕-UNFAs across the domain of the regular languages. Our study of these UNFAs took all possible variables for the generation of UNFAs into account. The random generation of UNFAs over the domain of the regular languages is an open problem.
An asymmetric 2D Pointer/3D Ray for 3D interaction within collaborative virtual environments

In this paper we present a new metaphor for interaction within Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE). This metaphor is dedicated to non-immersive or semi-immersive 3D interactions, for which users cannot afford to buy expensive devices neither for 3D visualization of their virtual environment nor for interaction. With these low-cost restrictions, we think that it is more effective to use basic 2D metaphors rather than to try to adapt 3D virtual metaphors which would be more difficult to use because of the poor immersion level offered by such systems. The problem that will arise within a CVE is that it is difficult to make a user aware of the 2D metaphors used by another user, because they are not associated with a 3D virtual object of the shared universe. So our idea is to provide to a user a 3D virtual ray (using ray-casting for object selection) that would act like a 2D pointer on the screen, allowing the user to only control the 2D position of the closest ray end, and calculating the orientation of the ray so that its projection on the screen would always be a point. This way, since the user is controlling a 3D virtual ray, the other users can be made aware of his activity. To test the efficiency of this 2D Pointer / 3D Ray, we have made some experiments making users compare different devices to realize some simple selection and manipulation tasks. The results show that this kind of 2D solution is efficient and allows 3D interaction within Virtual Environments by people who cannot afford expensive immersive hardware. This new metaphor allows more users to collaborate within CVE.
Glycans in Sera of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients and Their Role in Killing Neuronal Cells

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. To date, glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins in fluids of ALS patients have not been described. Moreover, the aberrant glycosylation related to the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases encouraged us to explore the glycome of ALS patient sera. We found high levels of sialylated glycans and low levels of core fucosylated glycans in serum-derived N-glycans of patients with ALS, compared to healthy volunteer sera. Based on these results, we analyzed the IgG Fc N297-glycans, as IgG are major serum glycoproteins affected by sialylation or core fucosylation and are found in the motor cortex of ALS patients. The analyses revealed a distinct glycan, A2BG2, in IgG derived from ALS patient sera (ALS-IgG). This glycan increases the affinity of IgG to CD16 on effector cells, consequently enhancing Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC). Therefore, we explore whether the Fc-N297-glycans of IgG may be involved in ALS disease. Immunostaining of brain and spinal cord tissues revealed over-expression of CD16 and co-localization of intact ALS-IgG with CD16 and in brain with activated microglia of G93A-SOD1 mice. Intact ALS-IgG enhanced effector cell activation and ADCC reaction in comparison to sugar-depleted or control IgG. ALS-IgG were localized in the synapse between brain microglia and neurons of G93A-SOD1 mice, manifesting a promising in vivo ADCC reaction. Therefore, glycans of ALS-IgG may serve as a biomarker for the disease and may be involved in neuronal damage.
Occlusion Detection and Handling: A Review

Object tracking and detection is a classical research area in the field of computer vision from decades. Numerous kinds of applications are dependent on the area of object detection, such as advance driving assistance system, traffic surveillance, scene understanding, autonomous navigation etc. Many challenges still exist while detecting an object such as illusion, low visibility, cast shadows and most importantly occlusions of object. Occlusions occur under two categories, firstly its, self‐occlusion which means that, from a certain viewpoint, one part of an object is occluded by another part. Secondly, its inter-object occlusion which means when two objects being tracked occlude each other. We will review various occlusion handling methods that involved single and multiple cameras according to their application. In short, the objective of this paper is to deliberate in detail the problem of occlusion in object tracking and provide a concise review for the problem of occlusion handling under different categories and identify new trends.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among Mexican-American adults in the United States and Mexico: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE To compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a cohort of Mexican health workers with representative samples of US-born and Mexico-born Mexican-Americans living in the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Mexican Health Worker Cohort Study (MHWCS) in Mexico and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) IV 1999-2006 in the US. Regression analyses were used to investigate CVD risk factors. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, NHANES participants were more likely than MHWCS participants to have hypertension, high total cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and abdominal obesity, and were less likely to have low HDL cholesterol and smoke. Less-educated men and women were more likely to have low HDL cholesterol, obesity, and abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS In this binational study, men and women enrolled in the MHWCS appear to have fewer CVD risk factors than US-born and Mexico-born Mexican-American men and women living in the US.
Topological and Smooth Stacks

We review the basic definition of a stack and apply it to the topological and smooth settings. We then address two subtleties of the theory: the correct definition of a ``stack over a stack'' and the distinction between small stacks (which are algebraic objects) and large stacks (which are generalized spaces).
Measuring Domain Influence in Heterogeneous Networks

Influence can greatly benefit fields like viral marketing, information propagation and recommender systems, while the pervasiveness of heterogeneous networks, such as Twitter, provides richer information for influence research. However, current influence research focuses on analyzing general influence, which assumes various users have similar influence over the network, without fully exploiting the rich information in underlying heterogeneous networks; while in real world, users always belong to specific domains based on these heterogeneous information (e.g. relations and interested topics). In order to enhance influence analysis by providing subtle domain-level influence view, in this paper, we present a systematic approach modeling domain influence in heterogeneous networks. We first utilize spectral clustering to generate partitioned domains based on a three-dimension heterogeneous network, which includes directional relations (i.e. followers and followees) and topics. Then we measure domain influence respectively by widely used metrics: No. of Followers, No. of Retweets, and PageRank. The experiment is conducted on the real world dataset Sina Weibo (a famous Chinese microblog). The results indicate that there is a stronger correlation between different measures in domain influence than general influence, especially when the domain is highly specialized, with the best Spearman’ correlation coefficient gaining 0.42 (0.9972 – 0.5782) and Kendall’ tau gaining 0.39 (0.9720 – 0.5868).
Observing continuous change in heart rate variability and photoplethysmography-derived parameters during the process of pain production/relief with thermal stimuli

Continuously monitoring and efficiently managing pain has become an important issue. However, no study has investigated a change in physiological parameters during the process of pain production/relief. This study modeled the process of pain production/relief using ramped thermal stimulation (no pain: 37°C water, process of pain production: a heating rate of 1°C/min, and subject feels pain: water kept at the painful temperature for each subject, with each segment lasting 10 min). In this duration, the variation of the heat rate variability and photoplethysmography-derived parameters was observed. A total of 40 healthy individuals participated: 30 in the trial group (14 males and 16 females with a mean age of 22.5±1.9 years) and 10 in the control group (7 males and 3 females with a mean age of 22.5±1.3 years). The results showed that the numeric rating scale value was 5.03±1.99 when the subjects felt pain, with a temperature of 43.54±1.70°C. Heart rate, R-R interval, low frequency, high frequency, photoplethysmography amplitude, baseline, and autonomic nervous system state showed significant changes during the pain production process, but these changes differed during the period Segment D (painful temperature 10: min). In summary, the study observed that physiological parameters changed qualitatively during the process of pain production and relief and found that the high frequency, low frequency, and photoplethysmography parameters seemed to have different responses in four situations (no pain, pain production, pain experienced, and pain relief). The trends of these variations may be used as references in the clinical setting for continuously observing pain intensity.
Making Social Comparisons: Black and White Peer Group Influence in College. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.

This study examined the influence of the African American college student peer group on its members, focusing on the extent to which the peer group impacts the education of its members, and how the process of peer influence occurs within the group. Using social comparison theory, the study drew on a subset of data trom a national study sponsored by the Cooperative Institutional Research Program database, conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), namely 425 African American first-year college students at predominantly white institutions. The results of factor analyses indicated that the types of characteristics that describe the makeup of campus peer groups are very similar among African American and white students. The results also indicated that although entering characteristics of students were the most instrumental in affecting self-concept and political orientation, peer groups influence was also evident in these areas. The relative influence of white peer groups, however, appears to be stronger and more prevalent. Two appendixes provide information on variable blocks and peer factors. (Contains 30 references.) (MDM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Making Social Comparisons: Black and White Peer Group Influence in College Anthony Lising Antonio University of California, Los Angeles Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education November 2, 1995 Orlando, Florida U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION % ok e 0, raurnbona. ROWarrh . intl 10.plum. nenl EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMAT:t' N "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS / CENTER (ERIC) CThis document has boon reproduced as received born the pnrson or organwation MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY . )4" originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to -NI improve reproduction 4uality _ ASHE Points of view or opinions statod in thus document do not necossarily repiesent official JERI position or policy TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).
Interrelations between the neutron’s magnetic interactions and the magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect

It is proved that the phase shift of a polarized neutron interacting with a spatially uniform time-dependent magnetic field, demonstrates the same physical principles as the magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect. The crucial role of inert objects is explained, thereby proving the quantum mechanical nature of the effect. It is also proved that the nonsimply connectedness of the field-free region is not a profound property of the system and that it cannot be regarded as a sufficient condition for a nonzero phase shift.
Scn3b knockout mice exhibit abnormal sino-atrial and cardiac conduction properties

Aim: In contrast to extensive reports on the roles of Nav1.5 α‐subunits, there have been few studies associating the β‐subunits with cardiac arrhythmogenesis. We investigated the sino‐atrial and conduction properties in the hearts of Scn3b−/− mice.
Effect of anxiety and depression on ART outcome

Background: There is increasing evidence that psychological factors like anxiety and depression can affect IVF/ICSI treatment results. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the role of women’s anxiety and depression on the outcome of ART cycles using Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective pilot study. One hundred six (106) consecutive women undergoing ICSI cycles were enrolled between January 2006 and 2007. Age, duration and cause of infertility, number and score of transferred embryos were recorded for each patient. Data regarding the state of anxiety and depression of each volunteer were collected using the translated and validated Iranian Cattle Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventories. Results: Among 106 women enrolled in the study, 25 cases (23.5%) of clinical pregnancies occurred. In univariate analysis, there was no significant difference regarding age and cause and duration of infertility between groups. Number of transferred embryos was significantly associated with higher pregnancy rates (3.4± 1.15 vs. 2.5±1.38 in pregnant and nonpregnant group respectively). Among the 106 participants, 73.58% had anxiety and 30.18% showed various degrees of depression. Out of 28 patients with no anxiety, 21(75%) and out of 74 patients with no depression, 24(32%) became pregnant. There was significant association between depression/anxiety and pregnancy rate (p=0.034 and p=0.00 respectively). Logistic regression model showed that anxiety/depression affect the outcome of ART significantly. Conclusion: It is crucial to identify infertile patients at greater demand for psychological support before starting ART cycles.
Engineering grid applications and middleware for high performance

Meeting QoS objectives of applications while maintaining high system utilization is a challenging task in multi-institutional Grids. In this paper, we effectively engineer Grid applications and resource management middleware for achieving user satisfaction and high resource utilizations. The paper presents a complete framework based on advance reservations (ARs) for resource management in Grids. The framework is capable of providing QoS guarantees to applications while maintaining high resource utilizations. The paper focuses on the scheduling component of the framework and presents a novel heuristic-based algorithm, Grid Scheduling with Deadlines (GSD), for an NP-Complete problem of scheduling ARs with laxities on a shared resource. GSD can be configured with the help of pluggable strategies to adapt to various workload conditions and needs of the system. The paper studies with the aid of an extensive set of experiments the effect of various workload and system parameters on system performance. It is not always possible to accurately predict the runtimes of the jobs. The paper discusses the impact of error in user-estimated runtimes on system performance and investigates strategies to avoid substandard performance resulting from such inaccuracies. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology.
E2F1 induces miR‐224/452 expression to drive EMT through TXNIP downregulation

Malignant melanoma is highly lethal due to its aggressive invasive properties and metastatic dissemination. The transcription factor E2F1 is crucial for melanoma progression through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that the miR‐224/miR‐452 cluster is significantly increased in advanced melanoma and invasive/metastatic cell lines that express high levels of E2F1. miR‐224/miR‐452 expression is directly activated by E2F1 through transactivation of the GABRE gene. Ectopic expression of miR‐224/miR‐452 in less aggressive cells induces EMT and cytoskeletal rearrangements and enhances migration/invasion. Conversely, miR‐224/miR‐452 depletion in metastatic cells induces the reversal of EMT, inhibition of motility, loss of the invasive phenotype and an absence of lung metastases in mice. We identify the metastasis suppressor TXNIP as new target of miR‐224/miR‐452 that induces feedback inhibition of E2F1 and show that miR‐224/452‐mediated downregulation of TXNIP is essential for E2F1‐induced EMT and invasion. The E2F1‐miR‐224/452‐TXNIP axis constitutes a molecular signature that predicts patient survival and may help to set novel therapies.
Preparation and in-vitro evaluation of indomethacin nanoparticles

Background and the purpose of the study During the last two decades one of the most important problems in drug formulations has been low aqueous solubility of new molecules. However, numerous techniques, such as milling, co-solvent solubilization and solid dispersion have been used conventionally for aqueous solubility enhancement and the rate of solubility. Recently, nanoparticle engineering processes have been developed and reported for pharmaceutical applications to increase the dissolution rate of low-soluble drugs which in turn may leads to substantial increases in bioavailability. In this study, a controlled precipitation method was used to produce indomethacin nano-solid suspension in a polymeric matrix (as a model), in order to increase the solubility and rate of the dissolution of poorly soluble model drug. Methods Nano-solid suspension of indomethacin in polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) was prepared by controlled precipitation technique, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and evaluated for in vitro solubility and dissolution rate. Results and major conclusion Absence of thermal and diffractional peaks in DSC and XRD studies indicated that indomethacin interacts with PVP in solid phase. The solubility of indomethacin in nano-solid suspension compared to crystalline form was increased to about four-fold. It was found that particle size distribution depend to the polymer MW and drug: polymer ratios. Spectroscopy methods and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed that indomethacin dispersed as amorphous nanosize particles in freeze dried powder. Enhanced solubility and dissolution rate of indomethacin compared to physical mixtures and crystalline form of indomethacin (polymorph I), demonstrated that it interacts with PVP via hydrogen bond and probably forming eutectic mixture.