Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The abundance and clustering of dark haloes in the standard ΛCDM cosmogony

Much evidence suggests that we live in a flat cold dark matter universe with a cosmological constant. Accurate analytic formulae are now available for many properties of the dark halo population in such a Universe. Assuming current ‘concordance’ values for the cosmological parameters, we plot halo abundance against redshift as a function of halo mass, halo temperature, the fraction of cosmic matter in haloes, halo clustering strength, and the clustering strength of the z= 0 descendants of high-redshift haloes. These plots are useful for understanding how nonlinear structure grows in the model. They demonstrate a number of properties that may seem surprising, for example: 109 M⊙ haloes are as abundant at z= 20 as L* galaxies are today; 106 K haloes are equally abundant at z= 8 and at z= 0; 10 per cent of all matter is currently in haloes hotter than 1 keV, while more than half is in haloes too cool to trap photo-ionized gas; 1 per cent of all matter at z= 15 is in haloes hot enough to ionize hydrogen; haloes of given mass or temperature are more clustered at higher redshift; haloes with the abundance of present-day L* galaxies are equally clustered at all z 10 are more clustered at z= 0 than are L* galaxies.
Biphenyl Phytoalexin in Sorbus pohuashanensis Suspension Cell Induced by Yeast Extract

Biphenyls are unique phytoalexins de novo synthesized in plants in response to pathogen attack. These compounds are found in Maloideae, a subfamily of the Rosaceae. The anti-microbial activities of biphenyls have been reported in a number of studies and they appear to represent an important defense strategy against pathogens common in the Maloideae, such as species in Malus, Pyrus, Sorbus, and Chaenomeles. Here, cell suspension cultures of Sorbus pohuashanensis were established to study biphenyl phytoalexins formation after yeast extract (YE) treatment. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) LC−MS/MS was applied to determine the time course of these biphenyl biomarkers accumulation in YE-treated S. pohuashanensis suspension cells. The results of quantitative analyses show the content of Noraucuparin, 2′-Hydroxyaucuparin, and their glycosides initially increased, then decreased over time. The Noraucuparin content reached its highest (225.76 μg·g−1) at 18 h after treatment, 6 hours earlier than that of Noraucuparin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. The content of 2′-Hydroxyaucuparin reached its highest (422.75 μg·g−1) at 30 h after treatment, also earlier than that of its glycoside. The understanding of phytoalexin metabolism in this study may provide a basis for improving Maloideae resistance to pathogens.
Sparse partial least squares regression for simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection

Summary. Partial least squares regression has been an alternative to ordinary least squares for handling multicollinearity in several areas of scientific research since the 1960s. It has recently gained much attention in the analysis of high dimensional genomic data. We show that known asymptotic consistency of the partial least squares estimator for a univariate response does not hold with the very large p and small n paradigm. We derive a similar result for a multivariate response regression with partial least squares. We then propose a sparse partial least squares formulation which aims simultaneously to achieve good predictive performance and variable selection by producing sparse linear combinations of the original predictors. We provide an efficient implementation of sparse partial least squares regression and compare it with well‐known variable selection and dimension reduction approaches via simulation experiments. We illustrate the practical utility of sparse partial least squares regression in a joint analysis of gene expression and genomewide binding data.
Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Berpengaruh pada Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa

Abstrak: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh pada Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa . Salah satu alternatif untuk memecahkan masalah pengangguran adalah dengan memberdayakan kelompok terdidik melalui program kewirausahaan di perguruan tinggi yang diharapkan mampu berkontribusi dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja sehingga mengurangi pengangguran dan beban negara. Penelitian ini menguji model yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh internal locus of control, social support dan need for achievement terhadap minat berwirausaha pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh internal locus of control dan social support pada minat berwirausaha mahasiswa, terdapat pengaruh internal locus of control terhadap need for achievement mahasiswa, tidak terdapat pengaruh social support pada need for achievement dan yang terakhir terdapat pengaruh need for achievement terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa. Kata kunci: internal locus of control, social support, need for achievement, entrepreneurial intention Abstract: The Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of College Students. The alternative to solve an unemployment problem is to empower the educated person through entrepreneurship programs at colleges that are expected to contribute to employment, thereby reducing unemployment and the burden on the state. This study tested a model that aims to determine the influence of internal locus of control, social support and the need for achievement against in entrepreneurial intention of the student. This study was a cross-sectional. The results show a significant relationship between internal locus of control and social support to the entrepreneurial intention of students. There is a significant relationship between internal locus of control and the need for achievement of students. There is an insignificant relationship between social support and the need for achievement and the last there is a significant relationship between need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention of students. Keywords: internal locus of control, social support, need for achievement, entrepreneurial intention
Enablements and Impediments to Students’ Sustained Use of Blackboard in a Historically Disadvantaged Institution

This study investigated enablers of and constraints to students’ use of Blackboard. It used Archer’s social realist perspective to explore structural, cultural, and agential influences that bear on students’ use of Blackboard, a Learning Management System. A qualitative approach using a survey design informed the investigation. Data were sourced through an online open-ended questionnaire obtained from a group of 100 students who were selected purposively. The content analyses of students’ narrative responses involved the extraction of themes. Culturally, the study revealed that not all lecturers across the levels of the qualifications made courses available online, even though students keep appealing for the use of Blackboard for all courses. Structural issues uncovered related to network failure, compatibility with other devices, and the maintenance of computer hardware. It also emerged that some of the students exercised their agency in making Blackboard usable on their own gadgets, overcoming personal fears, in acquiring proficiency in the use of Blackboard. This paper concludes that the students’ voice and perspective in the sustained use of technology is necessary to mitigate teaching and learning challenges for the benefit of learning. It is recommended that lecturers give students opportunities to exercise their agency to confront structural and cultural challenges they experience in the use of Blackboard. Address for correspondence:
Efficacy and Safety Profile of Combining Vandetanib with Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of combining vandetanib with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ASCO Abstracts, ESMO Abstracts, Wanfang Database, CNKI were searched. Eligible studies were the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety profile of adding vandetanib to chemotherapy with single chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. The outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and toxicities. All meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager 5.1. The fixed-effect model weighted by the Mantel-Haenszel method was used. When considerable heterogeneity was found (p<0.1, or I2>50%), further analysis (subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis or random-effect model) was performed to identify potential cause. Results Results reported from 5 RCTs involving 2284 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to chemotherapy alone, the addition of vandetanib resulted in a significant longer PFS (HR 0.79 [0.72–0.87], p<0.00001) and a higher ORR (RR 1.75 [1.43–2.15], p<0.00001), but failed to show advantage on OS (HR 0.96 [0.87–1.06], p = 0.44). Conclusion Vandetanib has activity in NSCLC. Identification of predictive biomarkers is warranted in future trials to select a subset of patients with advanced NSCLC who may benefit from vandetanib.
CYP2D6 Genotype Dependent Oxycodone Metabolism in Postoperative Patients

Background The impact of polymorphic cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 enzyme on oxycodone's metabolism and clinical efficacy is currently being discussed. However, there are only spare data from postoperative settings. The hypothesis of this study is that genotype dependent CYP2D6 activity influences plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its metabolites and impacts analgesic consumption. Methods Patients received oxycodone 0.05 mg/kg before emerging from anesthesia and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for the subsequent 48 postoperative hours. Blood samples were drawn at 30, 90 and 180 minutes after the initial oxycodone dose. Plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its metabolites oxymorphone, noroxycodone and noroxymorphone were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. CYP2D6 genotyping was performed and 121 patients were allocated to the following genotype groups: PM (poor metabolizer: no functionally active CYP2D6 allele), HZ/IM (heterozygous subjects, intermediate metabolizers with decreased CYP2D6 activity), EM (extensive metabolizers, normal CYP2D6 activity) and UM (ultrarapid metabolizers, increased CYP2D6 activity). Primary endpoint was the genotype dependent metabolite ratio of plasma concentrations oxymorphone/oxycodone. Secondary endpoint was the genotype dependent analgesic consumption with calculation of equianalgesic doses compared to the standard non-CYP dependent opioid piritramide. Results Metabolism differed between CYP2D6 genotypes. Mean (95%-CI) oxymophone/oxycodone ratios were 0.10 (0.02/0.19), 0.13 (0.11/0.16), 0.18 (0.16/0.20) and 0.28 (0.07/0.49) in PM, HZ/IM, EM and UM, respectively (p = 0.005). Oxycodone consumption up to the 12th hour was highest in PM (p = 0.005), resulting in lowest equianalgesic doses of piritramide versus oxycodone for PM (1.6 (1.4/1.8); EM and UM 2.2 (2.1/2.3); p<0.001). Pain scores did not differ between genotypes. Conclusions In this postoperative setting, the number of functionally active CYP2D6 alleles had an impact on oxycodone metabolism. The genotype also impacted analgesic consumption, thereby causing variation of equianalgesic doses piritramide : oxycodone. Different analgesic needs by genotypes were met by PCA technology in this postoperative cohort.
Pseudoceramide-Containing Physiological Lipid Mixture Reduces Adverse Effects of Topical Steroids

Purpose Various therapeutic approaches have been suggested for preventing or reducing the adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids, including skin barrier impairment. Previously, we have shown that impairment of skin barrier function by the highest potency topical glucocorticoid, clobetasol 17-propinate (CP), can be partially prevented by co-application of a physiological lipid mixture containing pseudoceramide, free fatty acids, and cholesterol (multi-lamellar emulsion [MLE]). Skin atrophic effects of CP were also partially reduced by MLE. In this study, the preventive effects of MLE on the lowest potency topical glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone (HC), were investigated using animal models. Methods Anti-inflammatory activity of topical HC was evaluated using a 12-O-tetradecanoylphobol-13-acetate-induced skin edema model. Topical steroid induced adverse effects were evaluated using hairless mouse. Results The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity was not altered by co-application of either MLE or hydrobase. However, co-application of MLE and 1.0% HC showed less impairment in the epidermal permeability barrier function, skin hydration, and skin surface pH compared with hydrobase. Stratum corneum integrity, evaluated by measuring trans-epidermal water loss after repeated tape stripping, showed less damage with MLE co-application. Long-term application of topical HC induced skin atrophy, measured by a reduction in skinfold and epidermal thickness and in the number of epidermal proliferating cell nucleus antigen (PCNA)-positive keratinocytes. Co-application of MLE did not affect the skinfold or epidermal thickness, but the number of PCNA-positive keratinocytes was less decreased with MLE use. Conclusions These results suggest that co-application of MLE is effective in reducing the local adverse effects of low-potency topical glucocorticoids and supports the therapeutic efficacy of physiological lipid mixtures on skin barrier function.
Population, Consumption, and Procreation: Ethical Implications for Humanity’s Future

Asymmetry is false but that the Real-World Asymmetry is true. The primary support for the Abstract Asymmetry is an appeal to intuition: it just doesn’t seem like we have a duty to procreate, even in the idealized circumstances specified. But this is precisely the problem: given these idealized circumstances, how could anyone have a clear intuition about what our reproductive obligations are? No human being has ever witnessed or experienced a case of this costless procreation, so there is no reason to believe our judgments about such cases is reliable. Thus, we should be suspicious of our intuitions about the Abstract Asymmetry. We should be especially willing to revise our intuitions about the Abstract Asymmetry because it violates the following moral principle. Goodness for Free: if we can perform an action that causes something good to happen without sacrificing anything at all, we are morally obligated to perform that action. Virtually all moral decisions we make will involve costs of some sort, so this principle often will not apply to ordinary moral decision-making. It does, however, apply to Claim 2 of the Asymmetry. Goodness for Free is plausible because it highlights one of the most basic aspects of moral reasoning: it is morally preferable to bring about good outcomes. Certainly, other moral considerations may override the promotion of a good outcome. Donating money to charity may
Carcinomas Gene Mutations in Primary Nasopharyngeal p 53 Absence of Updated Version

Alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and Epstein-Barr virus status were investigated in 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biop sies, 4 xenografts, and 2 cell lines from the Cantonese region of southern China. One other established NPC cell line obtained from a northern Chinese patient was also studied. Restriction fragment length polymor phism analysis revealed a loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 17p. Â»herethep53 gene resides, in only one of 15 NPC biopsies. Polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing failed to detect sequence alterations in exons 5 through 8 of the p53 gene in the 15 tumors and in the 4 NPC xenografts, all of which tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus. In contrast, the 3 NPC cell lines were all negative for Epstein-Barr virus and contained G â€”¿ C transversions in thep53 gene, with cell lines CNE-1 and CNE-2 harboring identical AGA (arginine) to ACA (threonine) changes at codon 280. These results suggest that p53 inactivation is not a necessarycomponent of nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis in Cantonese but may be important in the establishment of cell lines derived from these tumors.
Southern Galactic Plane Survey Measurements of the Spatial Power Spectrum of Interstellar H I in the Inner Galaxy

Using data from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey, we have measured the spatial power spectrum of the interstellar neutral atomic hydrogen in the fourth Galactic quadrant. This function shows the same power-law behavior that has been found for H I in the second quadrant of the Milky Way and in the Magellanic Clouds with the same slope. When we average over velocity intervals broader than the typical small-scale velocity dispersion, we find that the slope steepens, from ≃-3 to ≃-4 for the warm gas, as predicted by theories of interstellar turbulence if the column density fluctuations are dominated by variations in the gas density on small spatial scales. The cool gas shows a different increase of slope, which suggests that it is in the regime of turbulence dominated by fluctuations in the velocity field. Overall, these results confirm that the small-scale structure and motions in the neutral atomic medium are well described by a turbulent cascade of kinetic energy.
NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORIES

SCATTERING POLARIZATION IN THE CHROMOSPHEREC.U. KELLERNational Solar Observatory, Tucson, USAandN.R. SHEELEY, JR.Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USAAbstract . Scattering polarization from the photosphere observed close to the solar limbhas recently become of interest to study turbulent magnetic fields, abundances, and ra-diative transfer effects. We extend these studies by measuring the scattering polarizationoff the limb, i.e. in the chromosphere. However, instrumental effects are much more pro-nounced and more complicated than those affecting on-disk measurements, in particular,scattered fight from the telescope mirrors leads to a new type of instrumental polariza-tion that we describe in detail. The differences between the linearly polarized spectra onthe disk and off the limb are often very substantial. Here we show the profiles of HeI D3,the OI triplet at 777 nm, and the NaI D lines. The change in the latter is in reasonableagreement with the recent modeling efforts of atomic polarization in the lower level byLandi Degl'lnnocenti (1998). Key words: scattering_ polarization, chromosphere, observations1. IntroductionAlmost all scattering polarization measurements on the sun have been ob-tained on the disk, i.e. in the middle to upper photosphere. The linear po-larization spectrum due to scattering on the solar disk is now often referredto as the second solar spectrum (Stenflo and Keller, 1996). Early observa-tions already showed that several singly ionized rare-earth elements, suchas the NdII line at 525.0 nm (Stenflo and Keller, 1997), show strong scat-tering polarization. Singly ionized rare-earth elements are also responsiblefor a large number of lines in the flash spectrum (e.g. Pierce, 1968), whichshows chromospheric emission lines. Even molecular features in the secondsolar spectrum such as C2 show considerable emission in chromosphericspectra (Pierce, 1968). Since the scattering polarization is solely due to the
Numerosity Judgments for Tactile Stimuli Distributed over the Body Surface

A large body of research now supports the claim that two different and dissociable processes are involved in making numerosity judgments regarding visual stimuli: subitising (fast and nearly errorless) for up to 4 stimuli, and counting (slow and error-prone) when more than 4 stimuli are presented. We studied tactile numerosity judgments for combinations of 1–7 vibrotactile stimuli presented simultaneously over the body surface. In experiment 1, the stimuli were presented once, while in experiment 2 conditions of single presentation and repeated presentation of the stimulus were compared. Neither experiment provided any evidence for a discontinuity in the slope of either the RT or error data suggesting that subitisation does not occur for tactile stimuli. By systematically varying the intensity of the vibrotactile stimuli in experiment 3, we were able to demonstrate that participants were not simply using the ‘global intensity’ of the whole tactile display to make their tactile numerosity judgments, but were, instead, using information concerning the number of tactors activated. The results of the three experiments reported here are discussed in relation to current theories of counting and subitising, and potential implications for the design of tactile user interfaces are highlighted.
IPSecOPEP: IPSec over PEPs architecture, for secure and optimized communications over satellite links

This paper presents a TCP/IP-based architecture (IPSecOPEP) to resolve the interoperability issue between PEPs (Performance Enhancing Proxies) and IPSec (Internet Protocol Security). Where this problem is due to the cryptographic protection of TCP header by IPSec ESP protocol, which prohibits TCP enhancing mechanisms to be performed by PEPs. The key idea of this solution is that IPSec devices can perform well as a bridge between end users and PEPs in such situations, because they can access to both TCP headers of original packets and IPSec headers of encrypted packets. By this way, IPSec devices can perform a simple mapping between original TCP headers and their corresponding IPSec headers to resolve the interoperability issue. In our proposed IPSecOPEP architecture, we add a new components to the standard TCP/IP stack for IPSec devices and PEPs proxies, to ensure cooperatively and transparently the interoperability between them, without affecting the security privacy and performance level in such situations. In fact, this solution doesn't need to exchange any secret information about IPSec-related security associations. Furthermore it doesn't imply the use of any additional headers to IPSec packets by the PEPs. However, IPSec devices should coordinate between end users and PEPs to ensure spoofing mechanism, to avoid slow start problem of a standard TCP. After that, PEPs can continue to apply other enhancing mechanisms over the satellite link. Hence, this solution presents a double advantages concerning both the security and the performance at once. Moreover, the components of this solution can be easily standardized, implemented, integrated and enabled, in IPSec and PEPs devices.