Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time course of tinnitus development following noise exposure in mice

Gap‐induced prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) has been used in rats and mice to study the problem of tinnitus. The current study demonstrates that similar methods can be used to study the temporal development of tinnitus over time in middle‐aged mice. Six‐month‐old mice on a mixed C57Bl6 × 129 background were anesthetized with isoflurane and exposed to unilateral noise (n = 15), or sham exposure for controls (n = 8), for 1 hr (16‐kHz octave band signal, 116‐dB SPL). Tinnitus was tested in eight different sound frequency bands before and at postexposure time points of 1, 3–4, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days and monthly thereafter until 7 months postexposure. Noise‐exposed mice displayed a number of changes in GPIAS consistent with the presence of hyperacusis and tinnitus. Noise exposure was associated with acute tinnitus measured 1 day later at several frequencies at and above the exposure frequency center. Consistent, chronic tinnitus then emerged in the 24‐kHz range. Several time points following noise exposure suggested evidence of hyperacusis, often followed temporally by the development of deficits in GPIAS (reflecting tinnitus). Temporal development of these changes following noise exposure are discussed in the context of the interactions among aging, noise exposure, and the associated neurochemical changes that occur at early stages of auditory processing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minding Weber More than Ever? The Impacts of State Capacity and Bureaucratic Autonomy on Development Goals

State capacity has attracted renewed interest over the last years, notably in the study of violent conflict. Yet, this concept is conceived differently depending on where the interest lies. In this article, we focus on bureaucratic autonomy as a distinct concept and discuss its connection to state capacity in detail. Using panel data over 1990–2010 and a novel indicator of autonomy, we estimate the separate effect of state capacity and bureaucratic autonomy on child mortality and tuberculosis prevalence. The evidence suggests that bureaucratic autonomy has a stronger impact than commonly used measures of state capacity or traditional macroeconomic variables.
A Widened Scope on Therapist Development: Designing a Research Interview Informed by Psychoanalysis

This article presents a qualitative research interview method informed by psychoanalysis, which can collect data beyond the subjective report of the participants. The method has been used to study acquisition of psychodynamic understanding and therapy technique among student therapists in psychology. Within the psychodynamic tradition, the subjective report of every person is viewed as potentially distorted by defense processes. Moreover, relational patterns in an interaction are viewed as significant data about the intrapsychic object relations of a person provided that the person is placed in a projective situation. Since common qualitative interview methods focus primarily on verbal data, such psychodynamic assumptions represent a methodological challenge. To collect a wider scope of data than merely the subjective report, a research interview has been developed based on a certain degree of projection, a psychoanalytic listening perspective, and the use of emotional expression in the interview relation as data. Subsequently, relational scenarios and incidences of defense processes in the research participants are inferred.
In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Human Saphenous Vein Wall Changes

Purpose: To investigate if noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxyptamine (5-HT) drugs induce responses of isolated control and varicose veins are altered by removal of the endothelium. Subjects & Methods: Specimens of the great saphenous vein (GSV) were obtained from 12 subjects with primary varicose veins and 12 subjects from donor vessels at cardiac surgery. A total of 10 normal healthy volunteers were selected for comparison. The diameter changes of GSV during the resting phase, at the end of 5 minutes occlusion, and then every 30 seconds post deflation for five minutes were measured using B-mode ultrasound. Post-surgery the vein sample was collected in a tube of Krebs-Henseleit solution. Results: The repeated measure ANOVA test for the diameter, percent, and difference changes of GSV diameter from maximum diameter at different time intervals showed significance difference within and between all groups. NA and 5-HT produced concentration-dependent contractions of control and varicose saphenous vein segments. There was no significant difference in the potency of NA and for 5-HT, but the maximum response, normalized for tissue weight, was less in varicose vein segments. Removal of the endothelium had no effect on the potency of NA or 5-HT but significantly (p<0.05) reduced the maximum response to NA and 5-HT in varicose vein segments but not to 5-HT in control veins. Conclusion: The venous endothelial damage may cause vascular smooth muscle contractions dysfunction that favours dilatation and secondary valvular insufficiency.
Family change and community life

According to the decline thesis, the changes that have occurred within family life have undermined community life. Using data from a national random survey of Australian adults we explore this claim in the Australian context. We develop a series of hierarchical regression models to examine how non-traditional family forms and values relate to community life, measured through community group membership, trust and reciprocity. Our findings provide some support for the decline thesis for men. For women, we find more evidence that family change is unrelated, or positively related, to community life. As a counterpoint, we find that non-traditional attitudes to family roles and relationships are related to high levels of community engagement, trust and reciprocity, for men and women.
Reading recovery: An independent evaluation of the effects of an early instructional intervention for at-risk learners.

Recouvrer la lecture est une intervention educative aupres d'enfants a risque. Pour juger de l'efficacite de ce programme, les AA. evaluent s'il conduit a l'apprentissage et comparent les taux d'apprentissage realises par des lecteurs moyens et faibles. L'analyse examine si les benefices attribuables a Recouvrer la lecture demeurent apres interruption de l'intervention, et si ce programme conduit a d'autres effets dans le cadre scolaire. Les AA. examinent egalement les couts et benefices du programme
How important is the {103} plane of stable Ge2Sb2Te5 for phase‐change memory?

Closely correlating with {200} plane of cubic phase, {103} plane of hexagonal phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 plays a crucial role in achieving fast phase change process as well as formation of modulation structures, dislocations and twins in Ge2Sb2Te5. The behaviors of {103} plane of hexagonal phase render the phase‐change memory process as a nanoscale shape memory.
A Comparative Investigation of Dimensional Structures of Acculturation for Italian Canadians and Greek Canadians

Abstract The transethnic equivalence in the dimensional structure of acculturation for Italian Canadians and Greek Canadians was studied. The study's first phase demonstrated the multidimensional manifestation of acculturation by confirming a 3-factor structure of acculturation for both groups toward the mainstream English Canadian culture: Intrafamily English Canadian Orientation, English Canadian Media Use, and English Canadian Social Relations. Subsequently, the dimensional structures of acculturation for the two groups were tested for their equivalence. Results supported the invariance of factor structure across the 2 groups, suggesting that the extent to which acculturation is reflected in the 3 dimensions is highly similar for both. The results also demonstrate that, for both groups, the Intrafamily English Canadian dimension best reflected acculturation, followed by English Canadian Media Use and English Canadian Social Relations.
Can positive matrix factorization help to understand patterns of organic trace gases at the continental Global Atmosphere Watch site Hohenpeissenberg

Abstract. From the rural Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) site Hohenpeissenberg in the pre-alpine area of southern Germany, a data set of 24 C2–C8 non-methane hydrocarbons over a period of 7 years was analyzed. Receptor modeling was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) and the resulting factors were interpreted with respect to source profiles and photochemical aging. Differing from other studies, no direct source attribution was intended because, due to chemistry along transport, mass conservation from source to receptor is not given. However, at remote sites such as Hohenpeissenberg, the observed patterns of non-methane hydrocarbons can be derived from combinations of factors determined by PMF. A six-factor solution showed high stability and the most plausible results. In addition to a biogenic and a background factor of very stable compounds, four additional anthropogenic factors were resolved that could be divided into two short- and two long-lived patterns from evaporative sources/natural gas leakage and incomplete combustion processes. The volume or mass contribution at the site over the entire period was, in decreasing order, from the following factor categories: background, gas leakage and long-lived evaporative, residential heating and long-lived combustion, short-lived evaporative, short-lived combustion, and biogenic. The importance with respect to reactivity contribution was generally in reverse order, with the biogenic and the short-lived combustion factors contributing most. The seasonality of the factors was analyzed and compared to results of a simple box model using constant emissions and the photochemical decay calculated from the measured annual cycles of OH radicals and ozone. Two of the factors, short-lived combustion and gas leakage/long-lived evaporative, showed winter/summer ratios of about 9 and 7, respectively, as expected from constant source estimations. Contrarily, the short-lived evaporative emissions were about 3 times higher in summer than in winter, while residential heating/long-lived combustion emissions were about 2 times higher in winter than in summer.
Does Social Work Abstracts Work?

Objective: The current study seeks to provide estimates of the adequacy of journal coverage in the Social Work Abstracts (SWA) database. Method: A total of 23 journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports social work category during the 1997 to 2005 period were selected for study. Issue-level coverage estimates were obtained for SWA and PsycINFO, the comparison database. Results: Both databases provided less than optimal coverage of social work journals, and SWA performed significantly worse than did PsycINFO. Both databases provided better coverage of National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Press journals than non—NASW Press journals. Conclusion: The results provide evidence of substantial deficits in SWA that merit serious concern.
Validation of the Attitude Toward Any Practice Scale Through the Use of Ambivalence as a Moderator Variable

Remmers' Attitude Toward Any Practice scale was used to measure 133 undergraduates' attitudes toward three practices. Response scales were modified to permit the expression of both agreement and disagreement with each statement. Thus ambivalence scores in addition to traditional attitude scores were provided. Respondents' attitude scores toward each practice were correlated with criterion measures. The obtained coefficients of concurrent validity were considerably higher when they were computed only for respondents low in ambivalence than when computed for the entire sample or for respondents high in ambivalance.
Discriminative Block-Diagonal Representation Learning for Image Recognition

Existing block-diagonal representation studies mainly focuses on casting block-diagonal regularization on training data, while only little attention is dedicated to concurrently learning both block-diagonal representations of training and test data. In this paper, we propose a discriminative block-diagonal low-rank representation (BDLRR) method for recognition. In particular, the elaborate BDLRR is formulated as a joint optimization problem of shrinking the unfavorable representation from off-block-diagonal elements and strengthening the compact block-diagonal representation under the semisupervised framework of LRR. To this end, we first impose penalty constraints on the negative representation to eliminate the correlation between different classes such that the incoherence criterion of the extra-class representation is boosted. Moreover, a constructed subspace model is developed to enhance the self-expressive power of training samples and further build the representation bridge between the training and test samples, such that the coherence of the learned intraclass representation is consistently heightened. Finally, the resulting optimization problem is solved elegantly by employing an alternative optimization strategy, and a simple recognition algorithm on the learned representation is utilized for final prediction. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superb recognition results on four face image data sets, three character data sets, and the 15 scene multicategories data set. It not only shows superior potential on image recognition but also outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Following and Resisting Body Image Ideals in Advertising: The Moderating Role of Extrinsic Contingency Focus

Extrinsic contingency focus reflects people's tendency to derive self-esteem by meeting socially (versus personally) defined standards. Three studies examined the relationship between extrinsic contingency focus (ECF) and responses to social ideals. The results of Studies 1 and 2 showed that exposure to advertisements that contained idealized body images led high-ECF participants to engage in behaviors directed toward the attainment of the ideal. For low-ECF participants, exposure to this type of advertisement led to behaviors aimed at resisting the social ideal. Study 3 showed that self-affirmation reduced striving to meet and resist social ideals among high- and low-ECF individuals. Implications of these findings relative to the body image literature and directions for future research are discussed.
Central Nervous System Function in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes 12 Years After Disease Onset

OBJECTIVE—In this study, we used neurocognitive assessment and neuroimaging to examine brain function in youth with type 1 diabetes studied prospectively from diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied type 1 diabetic (n = 106) and control subjects (n = 75) with no significant group difference on IQ at baseline 12 years previously by using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of General Intelligence, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, and metabolic control data from diagnosis. RESULTS—Type 1 diabetic subjects had lower verbal and full scale IQs than control subjects (both P < 0.05). Type 1 diabetic subjects had lower N-acetylaspartate in frontal lobes and basal ganglia and higher myoinositol and choline in frontal and temporal lobes and basal ganglia than control subjects (all P < 0.05). Type 1 diabetic subjects, relative to control subjects, had decreased gray matter in bilateral thalami and right parahippocampal gyrus and insular cortex. White matter was decreased in bilateral parahippocampi, left temporal lobe, and middle frontal area (all P < 0.0005 uncorrected). T2 in type 1 diabetic subjects was increased in left superior temporal gyrus and decreased in bilateral lentiform nuclei, caudate nuclei and thalami, and right insular area (all P < 0.0005 uncorrected). Early-onset disease predicted lower performance IQ, and hypoglycemia was associated with lower verbal IQ and volume reduction in thalamus; poor metabolic control predicted elevated myoinositol and decreased T2 in thalamus; and older age predicted volume loss and T2 change in basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS—This study documents brain effects 12 years after diagnosis in a type 1 diabetic sample whose IQ at diagnosis matched that of control subjects. Findings suggest several neuropathological processes including gliosis, demyelination, and altered osmolarity.
Music Lessons Enhance IQ

The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. The present report is the first to test this hypothesis directly with random assignment of a large sample of children (N = 144) to two different types of music lessons (keyboard or voice) or to control groups that received drama lessons or no lessons. IQ was measured before and after the lessons. Compared with children in the control groups, children in the music groups exhibited greater increases in full-scale IQ. The effect was relatively small, but it generalized across IQ subtests, index scores, and a standardized measure of academic achievement. Unexpectedly, children in the drama group exhibited substantial pre- to post-test improvements in adaptive social behavior that were not evident in the music groups.
Andromeda IX: A New Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite of M31

We report the discovery of a new dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31, Andromeda IX, based on resolved stellar photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using both SDSS and public archival data, we have estimated its distance and other physical properties, and compared these to the properties of a previously known dwarf spheroidal companion, Andromeda V, also observed by SDSS. Andromeda IX is the lowest surface brightness galaxy found to date (μV, 0 ~ 26.8 mag arcsec-2), and at the distance we estimate from the position of the tip of Andromeda IX's red giant branch, (m - M)0 ~ 24.5 (805 kpc), Andromeda IX would also be the faintest galaxy known (MV ~ -8.3).
The Domestic Dry Rot Fungus , Serpula lacrymans , its natural origins and biological control

The dry rot fungus, Serpula lacrymans, is one of the most important wood decay fungi in the built environment causing many hundreds of millions of pounds of damage each year in many countries around the world. This Basidiomycete is particularly common in countries of northern Europe especially where bad maintenance, particularly of old properties, and inappropriate design or alteration may result in water ingress followed by timber decay caused by the fungus. Notably, however, S.lacrymans is very rarely found outside the built environment in Europe, with there being only one published report of its occurrence in Europe in its presumed natural environment, the forest floor (Kotlaba, 1992). Reports of the fungus from other parts of the world are also limited, although there is now good evidence that S.lacrymans resides in regions of the Himalayan foothills; however, it does not appear to be prevalemt in that natural environment (Bagchee, 1954; White et al, 1997). Unlike other fungi discussed in this volume S.lacrymans cannot be considered to be a tropical fungus, since high tropical temperatures would be lethal to this temperature sensitive organism (White et al (1995); Cartwright and Findlay (1958); Segmuller and Walchli (1981)). Our interest is in the development of new treatments to counteract the organism and to determine, if possible, how it has developed such a widespread distribution in the built environment from, it would appear, a sparse distribution in the wild.
Partners becoming parents: A question of difference

The relationship between parents forms a significant part of the social environment within which infants and children develop. Research and clinical practice indicate that the process of becoming a parent can place a strain on a couple's partnership and that the presence of children can be associated with diminished levels of satisfaction within marriage. This paper considers why marital satisfaction may decline with the roles and responsibilities of parenthood and pays particular attention to the problem of managing difference at personal and public levels when unconscious assumptions and conscious expectations merge and apply pressure on the individual parents and their relationship. Les relations qui existent entre les parents forment une partie importante du milieu social au sein duquel les nourrissons et les enfants se developpent. Les recherches et la pratique clinique indiquent que le fait de devenir parent peut mettre a l'epreuve et rendre difficiles les relations du couple. Elles indiquent egalement que la presence d'enfants a ete associee a des niveaux diminues de satisfaction dans le mariage. Cet article examine les raisons pour lesquelles la satisfaction maritale peut diminuer avec les rǒles et respon-sabilites de parentage. II met particulierement l'accent sur le probleme qui consiste a regir les differences aux niveaux a la fois personnel et public lorsque des suppositions inconscientes et des attentes conscientes font pression pour s'unir.
Adhesion of façade coating colonisers, as mediated by physico-chemical properties

Abstract The adhesion of Klebsormidium flaccidum, Stichococcus bacillaris and Chlorella cf. mirabilis, three strains of green microalgae isolated from biofilms on façade coatings were investigated in a parallel plate flow chamber. The model surfaces tested were glass slides, and −CH3 (mediated by octadecyltrichlorosilane [OTS] and hexamethyldisilazane [HMDZ] modification) and -NH2 (aminopropyltriethoxysilane [APS] modification) terminated self-assembled monolayers. Algal physicochemical properties were evaluated by the microbial adhesion to solvents (MATS) assay and by contact angle measurements. The model surfaces were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and by contact angle measurements. Predicted adhesion trends were then compared to in vitro measurements. The adhesion strength of the three algal strains followed the trend: APS > OTS > HMDZ > glass. The adhesion process thus seemed to be mediated by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and was shown to be influenced by the algal culture age and the initial contact time.
Mood and Self-Efficacy

The relationship between an individuals’ mood and perceived self-efficacy (SE) has been of fundamental interest for organizational researchers. However, the causality of this relationship has not been agreed upon in existing research. While one set of studies propose that mood influences SE the contrasting view contends that this relationship is not significant. The article presents a conceptual model on the relationship between mood and SE, positioning hedonic and utilitarian motivation as moderators of this relationship. The literature concerning these constructs is reviewed and linkages between them are examined. A four-quadrant framework delineating the impact of hedonic and utilitarian motivation on the relationship between mood and SE is proposed. Propositions are built around this framework and implications for human resource development are discussed.